bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FEATURES OF BLOOD SUPPLY OF CORPUS CALLOSUM AND THE STRUCTURE OF ITS HEMOMICROCIRCULATORY CHANNEL
Authors: Boiagina Olga
Published: January 2017

Today we know the location of the sources of arterial blood delivery to the corpus callosum and we can approximately say, where are situated the venous vessels that the blood outflows from it to, but it is absolutely unknown, what is the intermediate link – the blood microcirculatory channel.

Aim of research. The aim of our research is in identification of the ways of venous outflow from corpus callosum and in clarification of the principle of structural organization of its hemomicrocirculatory channel.

Materials and methods. In the work are used the median total preparations of the corpus callosum (together with septum pellucidum and cerebral fornix formations) of 10 men 36–60 years old. Histological paraffin sections, colored by hematoxylin and eosin and according to Van-gieson were made of these preparations, and the methods of plastination of the corpus callosum tissues in epoxy resin with further creation of polished sections of different width and serial fine sections of blocs, for which coloration served the 1 % solution of blue methene for 1% borax solution, were also used.

Results. It was established, that the arterial microvessels, starting from vascular plexus that covers the upper surface of corpus callosum, penetrate it as arterioles along interfunicular connective tissue septs that divide its commissural funicles between them. The arterioles are prolonged directly in venous microvessels that can be related to gathering venules. These direct microvascular communications, coming through the thickness of corpus callosum, can be named perforating arteriolovenular anastomoses. The aforesaid collector venules, localized in the lowest sections of interfunicular interlayers, are the direct inflows of venous channel of septum pellucidum. In general system of blood supply of corpus callosum the main arteries on the one side and the veins of septum pellucidum – on the other, are not accompanied by the vessels of opposite type.

Conclusions. The blood microcirculatory channel of corpus callosum is the complexly branched in its thickness net of resistive, metabolic and capacitive microvessels, placed on the running way between arterial channel of soft cerebral tunic that covers the upper surface of corpus callosum and collector veins of septum pellucidum, situated below it. The direct shunting tracts between them are perforating arteriolovenular anastomoses.
Different Crop and Weed Performance under Single and Combined Effects of Elevated CO2 and Temperature
Authors: Kacienė Giedrė , Dikšaitytė Austra , Januškaitienė Irena , Miškelytė Diana , Žaltauskaitė Jūratė , Sujetovienė Gintarė , Sakalauskienė Sandra , Miliauskienė Jurga , Juozapaitienė Gintarė , Juknys Romualdas
Published: January 2017

The factors of global climate change specifically affect crop and weed performance. Peas (Pisum sativum L.), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (1400 or 700 vs. 400 μmol mol−1) and air temperature (25/18 vs. 21/14°C, day/night) to study the single and combined effects on plant growth, photosynthetic performance, and carbohydrate metabolism. Significantly greater stimulation of the photosynthetic rate was determined at the corresponding growth CO2 concentration (Agrowth), and water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass production were detected for crops than for weed exposed to elevated [CO2]. The possibilities to translocate total soluble sugars (TSS) and starch into roots are considerably higher for crop species, especially N2–fixing pea plants compared with wild mustard, while the accumulation of photosynthates in leaves of wild mustard led to higher photosynthetic downregulation and considerably lower stimulation of Agrowth. Moreover, an increase in WUE was completely eliminated at 4°C above ambient air temperature ([25/400]) in wild mustard grown under elevated [CO2], while crops still maintained slightly higher WUE. These findings suggest that investigated crop species, especially pea plants, have higher advantage than weed under rising [CO2], and this benefit is detected to be even higher under elevated [CO2] and temperature.
Silent waves: On silence, Singapore, and Jacques Rancière
Authors: Cervera Felipe
Published: January 2017

This article stages the silent adventure of watching theatre about Singapore Malays and reading Jacques Rancière in Singapore. The argument blurs the real and the fictional, the voice of the author with the voice of the spectator, Rancière’s voice with the silence of Maya Raisha, a Malay-Muslim girl.  In doing so, the piece seeks to evidence that as a consequence of the regulatory nature of performance in Singapore, more than creating a moment of disruption against the normative sphere, silence evidences the instrumentality that ‘speaking up’ has in the normativity of the city-state. The piece is written as the performative chronicle of an intellectual adventure that took place between 2012 and 2013, when alongside reading Rancière’s work in detail, the author moved to Singapore and watched Teater Ekamatra’s Not Counted (2012) and The Necessary Stage’s Best Of (2012-3).
Screening of F1 progeny for selection of superior hybrids in mulberry (Morus spp.) - A simple approach PART I: Screening of seedlings in relation to seed size
Authors: Shafiei Daryoush , Basavaiah* Prof.
Published: January 2017

In mulberry (Morus spp.), the process of selection of promising hybrids from F1 population requires the screening of a large number of progenies and a long period. To develop a simple and faster approach for screening, studies were conducted using F1 seeds of two crosses. The details of screening studies conducted in relation to seed-size and seedling-size are reported separately in two parts. In this part, the F1 seeds were size-graded as small, medium and large seeds; their progenies were raised separately and screened in nursery. There was a considerable degree of variation in size of seeds and medium-size class seeds were in high percentage in both the crosses. The length, width and weight of seeds were also varied between the seed size classes significantly in both the crosses. The seed size classes differ with high significance in shoot length and Root collar diameter and also differ significantly in root length and weight of seedlings. The positive correlation between the seed size and growth of seedlings, seed size and germination, seed size and seedling survival in nursery indicated that size-grading of seeds and rejection of small seeds in the beginning of screening process may help to increase the efficiency of screening by increasing the chances of getting superior hybrids from limited progenies. However, confirmation on the performance of large seedlings from small seed size class may help to draw conclusion. Hence, the studies are continued with size- grading of seedlings in the next part of screening study.
KEWAJIBAN BANK SYARIAH TERHADAP NASABAH PENYIMPAN DANA AKIBAT INGKAR JANJI MITRA
Authors: Burhanuddin Sisca Ferawati
Published: January 2017

Islamic Banking is a financial institution using the system for results in return. In shahibul maal of financing that invest capital and mudharib provide capacity and reputation to run the business and share in the results that, if there is a loss shahibul maal will lose their money, and the party will lose his labor mudharib in running the business. The Islamic banks as intermediaries for the parties should be neutral, fair, trustworthy, and responsible in terms of this cooperation.

Method is a normative juridical approach namely legal research focuses on the study of secondary data. To strengthen in order to complement the analysis of secondary data, conducted field research to obtain primary data through interviews.

Efforts are being made if there is a legal relationship three parties namely shahibul maal, Islamic banks, mudharib have indications of a loss is not limited to oversight, but the process of consensus, and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to achieve the objectives of cooperation in terms of rescue funds shahibul maal and business activities mudharib , Accountability Islamic Bank is the responsibility of the owner of the normative means in terms of funds requested mudharabah bank to channel funds directly to the business partners, the bank responsible for the extent of liability than the Islamic bank that is in the implementation of business partner management. While the moral responsibility must integrate moral values with economic measures based on sharia.

Keywords: Responsibilities, Bank, Sharia, Default.
Preliminary evaluation of the effects of photobiomodulation therapy and physical rehabilitation on early postoperative recovery of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy for treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease
Authors: Bennaim Michael , Porato Mathilde , Jarleton Astrid , Hamon Martin , Carroll James D. , Gommeren Kris , Balligand Marc
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of postoperative photobiomodulation therapy and physical rehabilitation on early recovery variables for dogs after hemilaminectomy for treatment of intervertebral disk disease.

ANIMALS 32 nonambulatory client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES Dogs received standard postoperative care with photobiomodulation therapy (n = 11), physical rehabilitation with sham photobiomodulation treatment (11), or sham photobiomodulation treatment only (10) after surgery. Neurologic status at admission, diagnostic and surgical variables, duration of postoperative IV analgesic administration, and recovery grades (over 10 days after surgery) were assessed. Time to reach recovery grades B (able to support weight with some help), C (initial limb movements present), and D (ambulatory [≥ 3 steps unassisted]) was compared among groups. Factors associated with ability to ambulate on day 10 or at last follow-up were assessed.

RESULTS Time to reach recovery grades B, C, and D and duration of postoperative IV opioid administration did not differ among groups. Neurologic score at admission and surgeon experience were negatively associated with the dogs' ability to ambulate on day 10. The number of disk herniations identified by diagnostic imaging before surgery was negatively associated with ambulatory status at last follow-up. No other significant associations and no adverse treatment-related events were identified.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study found no difference in recovery-related variables among dogs that received photobiomodulation therapy, physical rehabilitation with sham photobiomodulation treatment, or sham photobiomodulation treatment only. Larger studies are needed to better evaluate effects of these postoperative treatments on dogs treated surgically for intervertebral disk disease.
Dosimetric and radiobiological comparison of Cyberknife and Tomotherapy in stereotactic body radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Chun-You , Lee Liang-Ming , Yu Hsiao-Wei , Lee Steve P. , Lee Hsin-Lun , Lin Yung-Wei , Wen Yu-Ching , Chen Yi-Ju , Chen Chiu-Ping , Tsai Jo-Ting
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As recent studies have suggested relatively low α/β for prostate cancer, the interest in hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer is rising. The aim of this study is to compare dosimetric results of Cyberknife (CK) with Tomotherapy (HT) in SBRT for localized prostate cancer. Furthermore, the radiobiologic consequences of heterogeneous dose distribution are also analyzed.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 12 cases of localized prostate cancer previously treated with SBRT were collected. Treatments had been planned and delivered using CK. Then HT plans were generated for comparison afterwards. The prescribed dose was 37.5Gy in 5 fractions. Dosimetric indices for target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) were compared. For radiobiological evaluation, generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were calculated and compared.

RESULT: Both CK and HT achieved target coverage while meeting OAR constraints adequately. HT plans resulted in better dose homogeneity (Homogeneity index: 1.04±0.01 vs. 1.21±0.01; p = 0.0022), target coverage (97.74±0.86% vs. 96.56±1.17%; p = 0.0076) and conformity (new vonformity index: 1.16±0.05 vs. 1.21±0.04; p = 0.0096). HT was shown to predict lower late rectal toxicity as compared to CK. Integral dose to body was also significantly lower in HT plans (46.59±6.44 Gy’L vs 57.05±11.68 Gy’L; p = 0.0029).

CONCLUSION: Based on physical dosimetry and radiobiologic considerations, HT may have advantages over CK, specifically in rectal sparing which could translate into clinical benefit of decreased late toxicities.
Effects of Domain Boundaries on the Diffraction Patterns of One-Dimensional Structures
Authors: Timmer Frederic , Wollschläger Joachim
Published: January 2017

Motivated by diffraction experiments on the (2√3 x √3) R30◦ reconstructed Si(111) surface due to deposition of rare earth elements (Dy, Tb) and silicide formation, we analyse the splitting and non-splitting of superstructure diffraction spots. For this purpose, we model diffraction patterns for one-dimensional structures generated by the binary surface technique and use supercell models to keep the analysis simple. Diffraction patterns are calculated in the framework of the kinematical diffraction theory, and they are analyzed as a function of the domains and domain boundaries. Basic properties of the diffraction pattern are analyzed for model systems of a two-fold and a three-fold periodicity. The rules derived from these calculations are applied to the “real-world” system of Si(111)-(2√3 × √3) R30◦-RESix (RE = Dy or Tb). Depending on the combination of domains and domain boundaries of different types, a plethora of different features are observed in the diffraction patterns. These are analyzed to determine the sizes of both domain boundaries and domains from experimentally observed splitting of specific superstructure spots.
Elodea nuttallii St John, espèce nouvelle pour le département de la Nièvre
Authors: Felzines Jean-claude , Bonnot Ernest-J.
Published: January 2017

E. nuttallii a été trouvé récemment dans un étang près de Nevers. La localité étant l'une des premières repérées en France, l'histoire naturelle de cette adventice est retracée ; surtout, ses conditions écologiques sont recherchées.
Etude biométrique du dimorphisme sexuel chez Trichogramma maidis et T. nubillale (Hym. Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Russo J. , Pintureau Bernard
Published: January 2017

The sexual dimorphism was compared in two rather distant species of Trichogramma with the help of thirteen biometrical characters of forewing, phragma, and hinder leg. A multivariate analysis shows that the two species present distances between sexes rather similar. The characters, considered as «no sexual» are, actually, secondary sexual characters ; for instance the females have a longer femur than the males while the contrary is true for the wing.
Le genre Leistus (Froehlig) (Col. Carabidae). III. Le sous-genre Nebrileistus (Banninger)
Authors: Perrault Georges G.
Published: January 2017

Le sous-genre Nebrileistus Bànninger comprend seulement deux espèces, décrites par Wollaston, habitant les îles atlantiques : L. ellipticus de Madère et L. nubi-vagus de Tenerife (Canaries).
Une anomalie de la métamorphose : la persistance d'un intestin spiralé chez une grenouille verte adulte (Amphibiens, Anoures)
Authors: Breuil Michel
Published: January 2017

Chez un adulte de Rana «esculenta », l'intestin se trouvait au centre de la cavité abdominale et disposé en spirale comme chez les têtards, le reste du tube digestif et l'épithélium intestinal ont les caractéristiques usuelles des adultes. Ce type d'anomalie est à rapprocher de celle rencontrée chez un Bufo bufo adulte ayant conservé sa queue ainsi que celles trouvées chez un Bombina variegata et une Litoria aurea chez qui une des pattes antérieures était restée sous la peau. Ces phénomènes sont connus sous le nom de néoténie partielle.
Le genre Leistus Froehlig (Coleoptera Carabidae). XVII. Les Leistus de l'intérieur de la Chine (Tschitschérine, 1903)
Authors: Perrault Georges G.
Published: January 2017

Les espèces de Leistus décrites de Chine centrale par Tschitschérine et Semenov sont étudiées et situées par rapport aux différents sous-genres. On montre l'existence dans cette région d'un groupe d'espèces proches de L. reflexus Semenov, dont une espèce nouvelle, L. deuvei, est décrite.
Deux espèces d'Amiota du sous-genre Phorttca nouvelles pour la France (Diptera Drosophilidae)
Authors: Withers Philippe
Published: January 2017

Deux espèces de Drosophiles sont rajoutées à la faune française.
INVESTIGATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRAYED NI-CR AND NI-CR-WC COATINGS / PURKŠTINIŲ NI-CR IR NI-CR-WC DANGŲ SAVYBIŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Jarašūnas Ovidijus , Černašėjus Olegas
Published: January 2017

The article deals with the flame sprayed Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-WC coatings on construction S235 steel substrates. Before spraying, the surfaces of substrates were treated mechanically. Using the different chemical composition of Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-WC spraying powder and additional substrate heating till 250–290 °C, were sprayed coatings. The microstructure, porosity, hardness, elastic modulus, wear resistance of the Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-WC coatings were investigated in the work. The influence of the chemical composition and WC content of the coatings on the various physical and tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated. Also the dependence of these coatings characteristics was investigated. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos liepsninio purškimo būdu ant konstrukcinio S235 plieno substrato užpurkštos Ni-Cr dangos. Substrato paviršiai prieš purškiant buvo apdoroti mechaniniu būdu. Naudojant skirtingos cheminės sudėties Ni-Cr ir Ni-Cr-WC purškimo miltelius ir papildomai pakaitinus substratą iki 250–290 °C temperatūros, buvo užpurkštos dangos. Darbe ištirta gautų Ni-Cr ir Ni-Cr-WC dangų mikrostruktūra, akytumas, kietumas, tamprumo modulis ir atsparumas dilimui. Įvertinta dangų cheminės sudėties ir WC karbidų įtaka įvairioms dangų fizikinėms, tribologinėms savybėms, nustatytos šių dangų charakteristikų priklausomybės.
Accelerating Multisite Research in Nursing Education: Navigating Institutional Review Board Regulatory Issues
Authors: Mealer Meredith , Flynn Linda , Ironside Pamela , Spurlock Darrell
Published: January 2017

Researchers investigating phenomena in nursing education are increasingly striving to conduct multisite studies. However, designing and managing multisite studies can be costly and time consuming. One complex and costly challenge of multisite studies can be anticipating and navigating the variations in the institutional review board requirements and expectations of different study sites. This article explores issues and regulations around protection of human subjects in multisite studies using the authors' experiences launching the 2016 National Nursing Education Research Network surveys as an exemplar. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2017;56(2):65–68.]
Teaching–Learning Experience Regarding Skill in Using Inhalers: Medical Students Teaching Nursing Students
Authors: Ireland Catherine G. , Pigott Ellen M. , Tolley Elizabeth A. , Self Timothy H.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Teaching–learning experience involving more than one health care discipline is a topic of great interest in the health sciences. Few such experiences are known in which medical students taught nursing students a clinical skill.

Method:

The authors evaluated the effect of fourth-year medical students teaching the correct use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to bachelor of science nursing (BSN) students. An fourth-year medical student investigator taught BSN students the correct use of an MDI in individual, private educational sessions, approximately 10 minutes in length, in a large health sciences center. BSN students were scored in use of MDI preeducation and posteducation. Instruction included both discussion and demonstration by the M4S.

Results:

Among 20 BSN students, posteducation scores were markedly improved for total steps (
p
< .0001), and six of nine individual steps for MDI use.

Conclusion:

Brief teaching–learning sessions are effective in teaching nursing students the correct use of MDI. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(2):120–122.]
Relevance of Entrepreneurship in TVET
Authors: Ogbaekirigwe Charles O. , Okolie Ugochukwu Chinonso
Published: January 2017

The dynamic and complex nature of societies all over the world, with the evident failure of various levels of government and the private sector to completely solve the nagging problems of man, especially the down trodden, and less privileged, has made greater, the need for specially created and committed men and women to dedicate and sacrifice their resources to cover the gaps created by such failure. On the side of governments, perhaps, the failure result from insufficient fund caused by inadequate or poor resource management, corruption, or share insensitivity of the political leaders. This presented opportunity for citizens to create their own wealth and attempt solving their problems. This chapter therefore presented the importance of entrepreneurship programme in TVET as a means of equipping our youths to be self-reliant, capable of solving their problems and contribute to economic growth and development of their countries.
A New Method for Building Probabilistic Ontology (Prob-Ont)
Authors: Hlel Emna , Jamoussi Salma , Ben Hamadou Abdelmajid
Published: January 2017

During the past years, ontologies are widely used for representing knowledge of complex domains. Despite that the ontologies (classical ontologies) have become standard for representing knowledge; however, they are not able to represent and reason with uncertainty which is one of the characteristics of the world that must be handled. Probabilistic Ontologies have come to remedy this defect. This paper is part of this framework in which the authors have proposed a new method of probabilistic ontology construction, named Prob-Ont, by integrating uncertainty to elements of OWL ontology (especially to instances and/or relations). As a case study, the authors have constructed a probabilistic ontology for the domain of scientific documentation system (dblp).
Earning a Seat at the Table
Authors: Moore Robert L. , Johnson Nathan
Published: January 2017

Few would argue that the information technology department (ITD) is not an essential part of an organization. It is hard to envision a project that does not need the support of the ITD. Despite this importance, the ITD is not always involved in the management of projects. Often, the ITD is brought into the project late in the planning and development process. In many cases, the inclusion of the ITD in an advanced project stage can result in project failure where early involvement could have prevented it. Why is it that ITDs, while clearly a vital part of project implementation, are not always incorporated in the early stages of organizational projects? Is the ITD's role not understood, or are there misconceptions regarding the ITD's value? This paper seeks to provide a clearer understanding of the role of ITDs in organizations through a conceptual model of ITD organizational integration. The model provides actionable recommendations, demonstrates the organizational value of ITDs, and highlights the importance of including ITDs early in organizational project lifecycles.
A New Uzawa-Type Iteration Method for Non-Hermitian Saddle-Point Problems
Authors: Dou Yan , Yang Ai-Li , Wu Yu-Jiang
Published: January 2017

Based on a preconditioned shift-splitting of the (1,1)-block of non-Hermitian saddle-point matrix and the Uzawa iteration method, we establish a new Uzawa-type iteration method. The convergence properties of this iteration method are analyzed. In addition, based on this iteration method, a preconditioner is proposed. The spectral properties of the preconditioned saddle-point matrix are also analyzed. Numerical results are presented to verify the robustness and the efficiency of the new iteration method and the preconditioner.
Средний модуль колебания и квадратурные формулы по теоретико-числовой сетке
Authors: Sevast'yanov Evgenii Alexandrovich
Published: January 2017

Для произвольных интегрируемых по Риману функций $f$ и
иррациональных чисел $\theta \in (0,1)$ получены
оценки погрешности $R_n(f,\theta)$ квадратурной формулы
$$
\int_{0}^{1}f(x) dx=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^nf(\{k\theta\})-
R_n(f,\theta),
$$
в которой $\{k\theta\}$ - это дробные доли чисел $k\theta$.
Библиография: 12 названий.
In the Shadow of the Decay. The Philosophy of History of Mencius and Xunzi
Authors: ROGACZ Dawid
Published: January 2017

The aim of my paper is to analyze the debate between Mencius and Xunzi from the perspective of their views on the nature of the historical process. The Mencian approach embraces not only elaboration on the doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven, resulting in a cyclical vision of history, but also strong idealization of the past. I will show that ren (benevolence), treated as a historical principle, could link two dimensions of his historical thinking: the moral and ontological. Xunzi rejected the possibility of the intervention of Heaven in history, however, his theory of rituals and belief in moral use of history made his philosophy of history much more conservative, embalming the idealization of the past. In short, I will look for the main common points and differences between these two major figures of Confucianism regarding their views on history, attempting to answer which beliefs could constitute a unique Confucian philosophy of history.
Yearning for the Lost Paradise: The "Great Unity" (datong) and Its Philosophical Interpretations
Authors: DESSEIN Bart
Published: January 2017

In the course of China’s history, the term datong (great unity) has been interpreted in multiple ways. This article first discusses the concept as understood in the Liji, and then focuses on the way in which the perceived loss of the “great unity” within “all-under-heaven” (tianxia) at the end of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), and the endeavor to reconstruct the empire as a modern nation-state starting in the early twentieth century, informed the way the term datong was interpreted. After discussing the interpretations by Wang Tao (1828–1897), Hong Xiuquan (1813–1864), Kang Youwei (1858–1927), Liang Qichao (1873–1929), Sun Zhongshan (1866–1925), and Mao Zedong (1893–1976), this work concludes with a discussion on how, against the background of the perceived threat of loss of national unity that characterizes the contemporary People’s Republic of China, a New Confucian interpretation is developed.
My Vocational Situation (MVS): Case Example and Psychometric Review
Authors: Nitsch Kristian P. , Pedersen Jessica , Miliotto Alexandra , Petersen Brett , Robbins Samantha , Garcia Ana , Hoisington Molly Ansel , The Kimberly J. , Smiley Jill , Janikowski Timothy
Published: January 2017

This case report provides an overview of the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the My Vocational Situation (MVS) instrument. The accompanying hypothetical case description illustrates how clinicians could use the MVS to evaluate vocational preferences and outcomes and how the MVS can be used to inform treatment planning and rehabilitation decision making. The information contained in this report is intended to familiarize clinicians with the administration and scoring of the MVS, the psychometric information necessary to interpret results obtained from the MVS, and how the results could be used to provide comprehensive, patient-centered care. It is important to note that the information provided represents only a sample of the available research literature on the MVS.
A educação diferenciada como política pública de inclusão social dos Guarani e Kaiowá no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Dias Carneiro Santos Isabelle
Published: January 2017

A educação é um direito fundamental consubstanciado desde as primeiras constituições brasileiras, não sendo distinto na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, que inseriu a educação expressamente no rol de direitos sociais, uma vez que a fruição de tal direito é essencial não somente para a formação humana, mas também para o exercício da cidadania. Para tanto, políticas públicas distintas foram criadas com o intuito de atingir diferentes comunidades indígenas desde a educação básica até o ensino superior. O presente artigo tem o escopo de abordar a educação básica diferenciada dos guarani e kaiowá no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, estado este com a segunda maior população indígena do país. Como metodologia foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, com uso de método qualitativo, baseado nas doutrinas, dados oficiais e, na legislação pátria e internacional. Como resultado da pesquisa, conclui-se que apesar do aumento das matrículas na educação diferenciada entre as crianças e jovens indígenas no Mato Grosso do Sul, as políticas públicas para esse grupo específico de estudantes ainda necessita ser reavaliada e aperfeiçoada.
Da teoria objetiva da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica e os grupos de sociedades sob a ótica das relações de consumo
Authors: Ferraz Daniel Amin , De Sá Marcus Vinícius Silveira
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho visa analisar a possível adoção da teoria clássica objetiva da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, mormente no microssistema de proteção ao consumidor, representado, em grande parte, pelos dispositivos do Código de Defesa do Consumidor (Lei nº 8.078 de 11 de setembro de 1990).
O rio e a cidade: o diálogo jurídico entre o Plano hídrico e o Plano diretor
Authors: D'Isep Clarissa Ferreira Macedo
Published: January 2017

O tema a ser desenvolvido é a interação jurídica da gestão do rio e da cidade, sob o enfoque da planificação jurídica. A proteção das águas, dos rios e da cidade, de forma recíproca, isto é, integrada, será investigada adotando-se o plano como referencial. O plano é instrumento comum, plano de recursos hídricos e plano diretor da política setorial e responsável pela concretização dos fundamentos, metas e diretrizes que se devem equacionar na proteção do todo: o meio ambiente. Inúmeros são os desafios para a elaboração, implementação setorial (gestão vertical) do plano e sua respectiva integração com os demais planos (gestão horizontal) e demais vertentes de forma a se alcançar a sua integralidade (gestão sistêmica). No primeiro momento, trabalham-se o sentido e alcance do plano como instrumento de políticas públicas, que prima por consignar os objetivos e valores a serem concretizados, identificados como: plano, norma, notadamente, no caso do rio e da cidade, para, então, propor, por meio de indagações, o diálogo, a negociação e a cooperação, num ensaio sobre o plano-contrato, noção extraída da natureza jurídica do plano, quando exerce a função normativa. Por derradeiro, foi trabalhado o ensaio do que se denomina plano-sistema, qual seja, o sistema de gestão de planos, que é resultante da interpretação jurídica sistemática.
Estimation of the high-resolution variability of extreme wind speeds for a better management of wind damage risks to forest-based bioeconomy
Authors: Venäläinen Ari K. , Laapas Mikko O. , Pirinen Pentti I. , Horttanainen Matti , Hyvönen Reijo , Lehtonen Ilari , Junila Päivi , Hou Meiting , Peltola Heli
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The bioeconomy has an increasing role to play in climate change mitigation and the sustainable development of national economies. In a forested country, such as Finland, over 50 % of its current bioeconomy relies on the sustainable management and utilization of forest resources. Wind storms are a major risk that forests are exposed to and high spatial resolution analysis of the most vulnerable locations can produce risk assessment of forest management planning. Coarse spatial resolution estimates of the return levels of maximum wind speed based, e.g., on reanalysed meteorological data or climate scenarios can be downscaled to forest stand levels with the help of land cover and terrain elevation data. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of the wind multiplier approach for downscaling of maximum wind speed, using 20 meter spatial resolution CORINE-land use dataset and high resolution digital elevation data. A coarse spatial resolution estimate of the 10-year return level of maximum wind speed was obtained from the ERA-Interim reanalysed data. These data were downscaled to 26 meteorological station locations to represent very diverse environments: Open Baltic Sea islands, agricultural land, forested areas, and Northern Finland treeless fells. Applying a comparison, the downscaled 10-year return levels explained 77 % of the observed variation among the stations examined. In addition, the spatial variation of wind multiplier downscaled 10-year return level wind was compared with the WAsP- model simulated wind. The heterogeneous test area was situated in Northern Finland, and it was found that the major features of the spatial variation were similar, but in the details, there were relatively large differences. However, for areas representing a typical Finnish forested landscape with no major topographic variation, both of the methods produced very similar results. Further fine-tuning of wind multipliers could improve the downscaling for the locations with large topographic variation. However, the current results already indicate that the wind multiplier method offers a pragmatic and computationally feasible tool for identifying at a high spatial resolution those locations having the highest forest wind damage risks. It can also be used to provide the necessary wind climate information for wind damage risk model calculations, thus making it possible to estimate the probability of predicted threshold wind speeds for wind damage and consequently the probability (and amount) of wind damage for certain forest stand configurations.
Practical Tips for Facilitating Research
Authors: Blobaum Paul M.
Published: January 2017

Not applicable
OXIDATIVE STRESS RELAXATION OF NATURAL RUBBER GUM VULCANIZATES CONTAINING VARIOUS ANTIOXIDANTS. I: EFFECT OF SAMPLE THICKNESS
Authors: Zhao Junling , Hamed G. R.
Published: January 2017

Conventional sulfur-vulcanized natural rubber gums containing various antioxidants have been subjected to oxidative stress relaxation at 72 °C and 25% strain. Oxidation is diffusion controlled, even for samples as thin as 0.15 mm. Assuming that the rate of chain scission is proportional to the rate of oxygen absorption, which previously has been shown to depend on the square root of the oxygen concentration, an equation is derived predicting that stress decay is proportional to aging time to the three-quarters power. Moreover, slopes of these plots are predicted to depend inversely on thickness. Experimental results are in reasonable accord with these predictions.
Caracterización del programa de acompañamiento pedagógico en el marco del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano (PNUD) de Nicaragua
Authors: Báez Osegueda José Ramón Ramón , Benavidez Briones Wendy Yahoska , Gómez Calero Génesis Yamalí , González Olivas Noé Antonio , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: January 2017

Abordar los principales aspectos que han determinado el actual atraso latinoamericano, implica reflexionar sobre su trayectoria histórica. El “desarrollo”, caracterizado por la perspectiva de la dominación que ha sufrido la región latinoamericana a favor de las industrias y transnacionales del mundo desarrollado, se convierte cada vez más en sujeto de análisis tanto para las instituciones académicas como para los gobernantes de los países del sur, puesto que, las naciones consideradas “subdesarrolladas”, requieren urgentemente de estudios sistemáticos y soluciones transformadoras de este fenómeno devastador. El Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional de Nicaragua  por medio del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Humano bajo su lineamiento de  restitución de los derechos y la reducción de la desigualdad y la pobreza ha creado mecanismos eficientes que han contribuido al desarrollo integral del país, con la implementación de políticas públicas que benefician a todos los sectores productivos de nuestra nación, es notable el dinamismo social-productivo del país con los programas y proyectos impulsados, uno de ellos es el Acompañamiento Pedagógico que es dirigido a través del Ministerio de Educación, tiene como fin Fortalecer el protagonismo de las y los docentes líderes del cambio y la innovación del proceso educativo, mediante buenas prácticas y estrategias de evaluación del aprendizaje asegurando la aplicación eficaz de los pasos metodológicos para el Aprendizaje de la Lectura, escritura y Matemática, en un ambiente sano, saludable y seguro, que propicie su tránsito exitoso  en el Sistema Educativo.
Becoming Sport Fans: Relative Deprivation and Social Identity
Authors: Rhee Yong Chae , Wong John , Kim Yukyoum
Published: January 2017

This study explores how people become sport fans by elucidating why people support teams even when they are unsuccessful. This study fills a gap in the literature on sport fan behavior by applying Relative Deprivation and Social Identification Theories to understand sport fans’ seemingly irrational behavior. We conducted a series of interviews with 17 sport fans with diverse backgrounds. Findings suggest that interaction among Community Identification, Relative Deprivation, Team Identification, Sport Involvement and Representativeness of a sport team helps explain why people support certain teams and become fans, regardless of team success. Findings suggest that team Representativeness in a specific community is one of the most important factors influencing people to become fans. We also found that sport involvement is very important, especially if relative deprivation can elicit team identification from people with little to no sport involvement. Further research may identify the exact relationship between sport involvement and relative deprivation.
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Model of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) and Students’ Motivation toward Physics Learning Outcome
Authors: Nadrah Nadrah , Tolla Ismail , Ali Muhammad Sidin , Muris Muris
Published: January 2017

This research aims at describing the effect of cooperative learning model of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) and motivation toward physics learning outcome. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a factorial design conducted at SMAN 2 Makassar. Independent variables were learning models. They were cooperative learning model of TGT and conventional learning model. Motivation as moderator variable was divided into two factors, namely high and low learning motivation. The dependent variable was physics learning outcome. The instrument was a questionnaire of motivation to learn physics used to measure the motivation of students. Whereas physics achievement test was used to measure the physics learning outcome of the students. There were 36 students of class X in SMAN 2 Makassar taken using random sampling techniques as the research samples. The data were analyzed using two ways of ANOVA. There were some findings of this research. First, the physics learning outcome of the students taught using cooperative learning model TGT was higher than students taught using conventional learning models. Second, the physics learning outcome of students who had high motivation to learn physic and were taught using cooperative learning with TGT was higher than students taught using conventional learning model. Third, the physics learning outcome of students who had low motivation to learn physic and were taught using cooperative learning with TGT was not significantly lower than students taught by conventional learning model. However, the learning outcome between those two learning models were significantly different with α = 0, 05. Fourth, there was a significant interaction effect between learning model and motivation toward physics learning outcome of the students.
The Use of Cooperative Round Robin Discussion Model to Improve Students’ Holistic Ability in TEFL Class
Authors: Asari Slamet , Ma’rifah Ulfatul , Arifani Yudhi
Published: January 2017

This classroom action research is carried out within two cycles to breed a strategy on how a Round Robin Discussion Learning Model enhance students’ critical thinking, presentation skills, confidence, and independent learning in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) class. Pop-up quiz, teacher made-tests, classroom participation sheet, observation sheet, and rubric are utilized in the study. In addition, the collected data are then scrutinized via quantitative and qualitative doctrine. Quantitative analysis is pertained to gauge students’ critical comprehension on TEFL issues through test, quiz, and worksheet. Meanwhile, for the qualitative analysis, constant comparative method is executed to enlighten parallel variable to depict students’ presentation skills, confidence, and independent learning. The result of the study uncovers that guided question and answer session within and without the group foster students’ higher order thinking skills and the results of the tests, pop-up quizzes indicates significant upgrading from 66% into 82%. Next, round presentation in and out group activity also cultivates students’ presentation skills as well as confidence and independent learning from 65% to 85%, 67% into 77%, and from 65% to 93%. Round Robin discussion model operates well if it is supported with fixed and detailed roles of both students and teacher so that equal interactive practice is well established.
Impact of the Implementation of E-Accounting in Mexico
Authors: Rodriguez Venegas Roberto , Espinoza Mosqueda Rafael
Published: January 2017

In Mexico in 2015, a new fiscal requirement emerged called electronic accounting (e-Accounting), which consists of sending specified documents to the tax authority that form part of corporate accounting, this new requirement puts the country at the forefront of electronic accounting world-wide since the purpose is to increase tax revenue. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the adoption and implementation of electronic accounting by companies in Mexico and their contribution is to identify the factors that contribute to the success of the process. We applied a questionnaire to 94 companies selected at random, which correspond to individuals and corporations that had to comply with e-Accounting requirements in 2015 and 2016, where we analyzed some variables that were considered fundamental: training and specialization of the CEO, training of accounting staff, the state of computer use and technical conditions for being able to keep electronic accounting. We performed a regression analysis with 12 independent variables where the results show that the integration of balance sheet items is relevant for the process of adoption and implementation of electronic accounting (dependent variable).
Appropriate Musical Metaphors
Authors: Zangwill Nick
Published: January 2017

I argue that we should avoid a unitary account of what makes metaphorical descriptions of music in terms of emotion appropriate. There are many different ways in which musical metaphors can be appropriate. The right view of metaphorical appropriateness is a generously pluralist one.
The Limits of Conceptual Analysis in Aesthetics
Authors: Lüdeking Karlheinz
Published: January 2017

In order to understand why analytic aesthetics has lost a lot of its former intellectual stature it is necessary to combine historical reconstruction with systematic consideration. In the middle of the twentieth century analytic philosophers came to the conclusion that essentialist theories of the “nature” of art are no longer tenable. As a consequence they felt compelled to move to the meta-level of conceptual analysis. Then they tried to show how a purely classificatory concept of art is used. The presupposition, however, that there actually is such a concept can only appear plausible at first sight. Upon closer inspection it turns out to be utterly misguided.
The Shape of the World: What if Aesthetic Properties Were Real?
Authors: Sartwell Crispin
Published: January 2017

Perhaps we should entertain the idea that aesthetic properties are no less (but no more) objective than properties like weight or shape. Indeed, the weight and shape of something are themselves aesthetic properties of that thing. And we might speculate or (what the heck) assert that aesthetic properties are no more (but no less) socially constructed than size or material composition, for example. Indeed the size and material composition of something are aesthetic properties of it. We might, that is, live in an aesthetic universe, live embedded in an aesthetic reality. Then, for example, to give a full description of any thing or phenomenon, we would have to resort to aesthetic categories: perhaps there is no natural science, for example, without aesthetics, and vice versa. On a good day, the universe might really, actually, truly be beautiful
Editorial
Authors: Lund Jacob
Published: January 2017

The present issue of The Nordic Journal of Aesthetics gathers a variety of articles that from different angles, with different subject matters, and through different temperaments shed light on our common interest: aesthetics and the aesthetic.
The Music of Thinking: A Literary Experiment with the Great Themes of Philosophy
Authors: Seel Martin
Published: January 2017

In his book Theorien (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 2009) Martin Seel presents a philosophical and literary experiment in which he desists from introducing a single grand theory in favour of offering a number of smaller theories. In an aphoristic manner these personal and poetic observations are linked to rigorous reflections on the classical themes of human selfunderstanding: happiness and morality, failure and beauty, sickness and death, sense and understanding, knowledge and freedom, religion and music. Staying clear of disciplinary formations, the author shuffles the cards of epistemology, ethics and aesthetics in order to address philosophy as a whole without extinguishing its fire within the confines of a systematic edifice. This collection of shortcuts can be read from beginning to end, or backwards, or starting in the middle; as a reflection on thinking; a play with the voices of passion; a variation on foundations and pitfalls of action; a defence of the indeterminate in all that is determinate; as a fragment of a prosaic confession. These heterogeneous gestures unfold an improvised text that tracks the uncertainties of life and of writing. This text is an excerpt from the book, published in Die Zeit no. 37, September, 2009.
Receiving Newman. Formalism, Minimalism, and their Philosophical Preconditions
Authors: Dahl Espen
Published: January 2017

Despite the divide between American formalism and theoreticians of minimalism, Barnett Newman’s art received great acclaim from both schools of thought. Attempting to unearth the philosophical preconditions of this strange constellation, this article argues that the closeness between minimalism and formalism is due to their mutual reliance upon phenomenology and ordinary language philosophy. However, their proximity also conveys their distance, since they imply different interpretations and applications of the philosophical schools in question. Such theoretical differences shed light on Newman’s paintings: both minimalism and formalism are right in their accounts – yet not exclusively so. What arguably makes up the distinctive fascination of Newman’s paintings is their incessant oscillation between empty physicality and powerful meaning.