bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidentes críticos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em diabetes na perspectiva da equipe multiprofissional de saúde
Authors: Ribas Camila Rezende Pimentel , Teixeira Carla Regina De Souza , Oliveira Valmir Aparecido de , Martins Tatiane Aparecida , Mendes Karina Dal Sasso , Andrade Nájela Hassan Saloum de , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Zanetti Maria Lúcia
Published: June 2017

Estudo descritivo transversal que teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que interferem positiva e negativamente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de diabéticos, na perspectiva da equipe multiprofissional de saúde. Foi realizado em um Centro de pesquisa e extensão universitária do interior paulista em 2007. Participaram 11 sujeitos, membros da equipe multiprofissional do referido centro. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se a técnica de incidentes críticos, com aplicação de um formulário. Os resultados indicaram 15 incidentes críticos, sendo oito com referências positivas e 11 negativas. Os fatores mais valorizados por tais sujeitos integrantes dessa equipe de saúde na educação em diabetes foram: interação entre os pacientes no grupo, interação da equipe multiprofissional de saúde e acolhimento da equipe. Dentre os fatores menos valorizados constatou-se a interação da equipe multiprofissional de saúde, além da configuração do grupo e dificuldade do profissional em lidar com situações adversas no grupo. Os dados obtidos remetem à necessidade de investimento das instituições formadoras em saúde para capacitar profissionais com competência para trabalhar com grupos, discutindo os fatores que favorecem positiva e negativamente na educação em diabetes.
Comportamentos de jovens no trânsito: um inquérito entre acadêmicos de enfermagem
Authors: Lima Ywys Everly Pereira de Oliveira , Pereira Carolline Alves , Melo Cláudia Camila Rodrigues de , Tonhá Suzann Delayne de Souza , Oliveira Valéria Rodrigues C. , Pinho Fábia Maria Oliveira , Pinho Lícia Maria Oliveira
Published: June 2017

Os acidentes de trânsito (AT) constituem-se em importante problema de saúde pública pela elevada morbi-mortalidade e por ocasionarem altos custos sociais e econômicos. Realizou-se, portanto, um estudo epidemiológico e transversal em Goiânia, Goiás, em 2006, que teve por objetivo verificar a freqüência de comportamentos de risco que pudessem contribuir para a ocorrência e gravidade de AT entre jovens universitários. A amostra constou de 310 acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Católica de Goiás, com mediana de idade de 20 anos, predominantemente do gênero feminino, cor branca e de classe social média. Cerca de 80% dos alunos relataram hábito de dirigir. Destes, 52.2% dirigem sem habilitação. Apenas 73.2% responderam que sempre utilizam cinto de segurança como condutores. Aproximadamente 37% relataram envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Falta de atenção (69%), desrespeito à sinalização (27.8%) e excesso de velocidade (27%) foram os fatores que contribuíram para ocorrência ou gravidade do acidente. Um significativo percentual de participantes dirige na contramão, faz ultrapassagem proibida e ultrapassa o limite de velocidade. Ressalta-se que o levantamento das características comportamentais no trânsito entre indivíduos jovens possibilita a criação e aprimoramento de estratégias que podem reduzir a ocorrência, gravidade e conseqüências deste tipo de acidente.
A convivência em família com o portador de transtorno psíquico
Authors: Souza Maiquel Danzer de , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Schwartz Eda , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Teixeira Júnior Sidnei
Published: June 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as experiências da família no convívio com o portador de transtorno psíquico, utilizando-se da avaliação estrutural deste grupo familiar. Consiste num estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados, em 2004, a partir de uma família que possui um de seus membros portador de transtorno psíquico e vem sendo acompanhada num Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Tais dados foram obtidos por meio de três entrevistas realizadas no domicílio, seguindo-se a orientação teórico-metodológica do Modelo Calgary de Avaliação de Família, num recorte centrado na avaliação estrutural. Os resultados foram apresentados enfatizando-se os seguintes aspectos: estrutura interna (composição familiar, gênero, orientação sexual, ordem de nascimento, subsistemas, limites), estrutura externa (família extensa e sistemas mais amplos), o contexto (etnia, raça, classe social, religião e espiritualidade, ambiente). Consideramos que o modelo utilizado consiste num aporte relevante para avaliação de famílias com portadores de transtorno psíquico, apontando para aspectos centrais do cuidado de enfermagem a estas famílias.
Capacidade funcional em idosos na comunidade e propostas de intervenções pela equipe de saúde
Authors: Nakatani Adélia Yaeko Kyosen , Silva Luciana Barbosa da , Bachion Maria Márcia , Nunes Daniella Pires
Published: June 2017

Este estudo objetivou avaliar as Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD) e Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD) de idosos cadastrados numa equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família de Goiânia (GO) e propor ações pertinentes para casos de dependência parcial ou total. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e descritiva, realizada com 105 idosos em uma equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Aplicaram-se questionário e escalas de avaliação. Mediante análise de freqüência simples e percentual dos dados. Identificou-se que a maioria dos idosos era do sexo feminino, com 60 a 69 anos, casada, católica, com moradia própria, renda de até um salário mínimo, não-alfabetizada, apresentando uma a três patologias relatadas; 59,1% dos idosos apresentaram independência para AVD e 58,1% comprometimento de AIVD. Ações pertinentes referem-se à estimulação de exercícios para ganho de força, alfabetização e motivação para a busca de autonomia. Conclui-se que, a maioria dos idosos consegue cuidar de si no domicílio, mas não consegue viver de forma independente com relação às AIVD.
O absenteísmo da equipe de enfermagem em unidade de pronto socorro de um hospital universitário
Authors: Campos Elisângela Cristina de , Juliani Carmen Maria Casquel Monti , Palhares Valéria Castilho
Published: June 2017

O absenteísmo ou ausentismo é o termo utilizado para caracterizar as ausências dos funcionários ao trabalho. Essas ausências são definidas em previstas e não previstas. Para este estudo especificamos as ausências previstas como folgas, feriados e férias e para as não previstas ficam as faltas, licenças medicas, nojo e outras licenças. O objetivo foi investigar o real numero de ausências dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem de um Pronto Socorro de um Hospital Universitário do interior do estado de São Paulo para definir o Índice de Segurança Técnica-IST. Foi utilizada metodologia quantitativa descritiva, e a coleta de dados feita de janeiro de 2006 a junho de 2007, a partir de arquivos administrativos após autorização do serviço. Entre os principais achados encontramos um IST cuja média gira em torno de 51%. Concluímos que, embora próximo, está ligeiramente superior ao encontrado em outra realidade de Hospital Universitário. Entre as ausências não previstas, destacam-se as licenças médicas, que podem estar relacionadas à sobrecarga da equipe.
Epidemiologia das infecções em queimaduras no nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Márcia Calheiros Chaves , Pacheco Jamile De Souza , Furtado Francisca Virgínia de Sousa , Matos Filho José Costa , Damasceno Ana Kelve De Castro
Published: June 2017

As infecções hospitalares são complicações freqüentes, graves que comprometem a recuperação dos pacientes queimados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil epidemiológico e os principais microrganismos isolados de infecções em vítimas de queimaduras em Fortaleza/CE. Estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, utilizando dados secundários dos indivíduos atendidos no Centro de Tratamento de Queimados (CTQ) do Instituto Dr. José Frota (IJF) para tratamento de queimaduras, atendidos entre janeiro/ 2004 a abril/2006. 419 vítimas de queimaduras foram atendidas no período estudado, sendo maioria do sexo masculino (59,43%), procedente de Fortaleza (56,80%), com menos de três anos de idade (30,31%). Do total, 188 pacientes (44,88%) apresentaram queimaduras em 11 a 20% da superfície corporal queimada (SCQ). Foram notificados 175 casos de infecções hospitalares, sendo a infecção da corrente sangüínea a mais prevalente (77,14%), seguida da infecção respiratória (11,43%), do trato urinário (8,0%) e cutânea (2,86%). Os microorganismos mais comumente isolados foram Staphylococcus aureus (34,69%), Pseudomonas sp.(33,33%), Enterobacter sp.(14,29%), Escherichia coli (4,08%) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (3,40%). A faixa etária mais acometida foi abaixo de três anos, evidencia necessidade dos pais assegurarem a segurança de seus filhos em casa. Os microorganismos isolados ratificam o risco elevado das vítimas de queimaduras as infecções endógenas e exógenas.
Adaptação psicossocial de pessoas portadoras de insuficiência cardíaca: diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem
Authors: Rocha Luciana Alves da , Silva Lúcia Da Fátima da
Published: June 2017

Estudo cujo objetivo é analisar os diagnósticos de enfermagem (DE) representativos do processo de adaptação psicossocial de um grupo de pessoas portadoras de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e intervenções de enfermagem, com base na teoria de adaptação de Callista Roy.Trata-se de investigação descritiva e transversal, realizada com 28 pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de um hospital público, em Fortaleza-CE. As informações foram coletas por entrevista no período de maio a agosto de 2007.Todos os aspectos éticos e legais foram considerados. A análise dos resultados apontou a identificação dos DE: desempenho de papel ineficaz, comportamento de saúde propenso a risco, disfunção sexual, sentimento de impotência e controle ineficaz do regime terapêutico. A associação destes DE com os problemas adaptativos de Roy levou à identificação de: falha no papel, disfunção sexual e sentimento de impotência. Tais problemas relacionavam-se com a IC e as modificações que ela ocasiona na vida destas pessoas, ao provocar ansiedade e depressão, interferindo na qualidade de vida. Diante dos achados, espera-se suscitar reflexões dos enfermeiros para, ao desempenhar o cuidado clínico aos portadores de IC, considerarem seus problemas de adaptação, estimulando-os para o alcance à condição crônica de saúde.
Relato de experiência: utilização de cartazes estilizados como medida de incentivo à higienização das mãos
Authors: Neves Zilah Cândida Pereira das , Tipple Anaclara Ferreira Veiga , Souza Adenícia Custódia Silva e , Melo Dulcelene De Sousa , Ferreira Lucimar Rodrigues , Silva Elisângelo Aparecido Costa da
Published: June 2017

Diversos pesquisadores ao longo da história demonstraram que a higienização das mãos é um procedimento eficaz na prevenção das infecções associadas ao cuidado em saúde. Entretanto, o índice de adesão a esta prática continua sendo baixo, demonstrando que as informações não estão atingindo o seu maior objetivo, que é a mudança de comportamento. O objetivo deste artigo é divulgar uma estratégia de incentivo a higienização das mãos. Tendo como premissa a importância da higienização das mãos para o controle de infecção, foram elaborados cartazes estilizados com aperfeiçoamento por um especialista em desenho gráfico. A divulgação destes apresentou-se como uma estratégia interativa com a equipe de saúde, podendo ser utilizada em diferentes serviços.
Soil and Forest: The Key Factors for Human Survival
Authors: Lu Shyi-Min
Published: June 2017

From the past to the future, the development of human civilization has been closely related to the Earth's soil. However, we are now on the planet with the productive forces of soil resources that are gradually exhausting. In many agricultural areas, crop yields have been devastated by heavy soil erosion. Nitrogen fertilizers and fossil fuels in geological reservoirs tend to be scarce, resulting in both the increase of agricultural production costs and the increase of geopolitical conflict. Global warming, on the other hand, accelerates microbial greenhouse gases (GHG) released in soils and has a key role in recent climate change. In this paper, we show the challenges faced by human beings in the 21st century because of the direct and indirect responses of the soil expansion made by human past and future activities. We also stress that soil and forest are the future survival and development key factors for human beings. This global trend of development should be the recommendations for Taiwanese future development policy of land and forest.
Influences of Non-Financial Factors and the Sustainability of Micro Hydro Plants in Malawi
Authors: Lipunga Andrew Munthopa
Published: June 2017

The paper evaluates the influence of non-financial factors on the financial sustainability of micro hydro plants (MHPs) in Malawi. It uses case study methodology conducted through interviews triangulated with archival data. The findings suggest the significant role played by non-financial factors on determining the quantity of financing and on long-term financial sustainability for MHPs. This may imply that the difficulties to design suitable sustainable financing models for MHPs may to some extent be attributable to non-financial factors. Therefore when deciding on the appropriate financial measures to address the problem of financial sustainability and in developing financing models of MHPs, consideration should be given to the underlying non-financial factors.
Analysis of Effective Factors on Presence of Citizens in Urban Spaces, Case Study: Towhid Square in Tehran
Authors: Khakpour Amin , Sabouri Sadegh , Harirchian Minoo
Published: June 2017

This study attempts to respond the question that “which factors and indices are effective on citizen’s presence in urban spaces?” This is important because by identifying and analyzing this factors and indices, it could be possible to improve weaknesses and promoting strengths of each urban spaces. In Towhid Square, the inadequate space for citizens and the dominance of car traffic over pedestrians are some of the most reasons of lack of presence of citizens in the square as an urban space. The study is analytic and the data is collected from library and fieldwork. Cochran’s formula is applied to determine sample size which is 149. In the next step, by reviewing literature, indices were extracted. After providing questionnaire based on indices and by Likert Scale, we applied it to the case study and completed the survey. In data analysis, SPSS ®17 software is used and in the final step of analyses, four factors are achieved. The results of the study show, despite the hypotheses, the most important factor of non-presence (in contrast with passing) of citizens in Towhid square is “management” factor which is leading to the creation of other inhibiting elements of citizen’s presence in urban space.
The Effects of Poverty Reduction Strategies on Artisanal Fishing in Ghana: The Case of Keta Municipality
Authors: Dzidza Peter Mawunyo , Jackson Ian , Normanyo Ametefee K. , Walsh Michael
Published: June 2017

This paper assesses the level of poverty in Ghana after three decades of successive implementation of numerous poverty reduction strategies including Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) by various governments of Ghana. The Keta municipality in the Volta region, where artisanal fishing thrives, was chosen as a representative sample of the whole country. The authors identified eleven artisanal fishing communities in the selected area using systematic sampling. Data were collected on household consumption patterns. This process was used to determine the profile of poverty using the latest upper poverty line of Ghana and the Greer and Thorbecke (1984) poverty formula. Research findings show that the various poverty alleviation methods implemented over three decades by the Government of Ghana, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) significantly failed as they have not produced any meaningful effect on poverty reduction in the sample area. Finally, this paper offers further suggestions regarding how this poverty gap may be bridged using alternative methods.
Reflections on the ascendancy of technology in the media and its implications for organisations and their leaders.
Authors: Küng Lucy
Published: June 2017

Technology is placing new demands on the media industry. Creative output is no longer simply the content itself, but the ‘containers’ in which it appears. Media industry leaders and practitioners must now understand the strategic importance of technology in all its dimensions. Yet more than this, they must be able to make the necessary – and often difficult – adjustments inside organisations. This essay draws on two exploratory research projects into technology transitions in the media industry. The findings suggest the ascendancy of technology does not necessitate a diminution in the importance of creative content. However, it does raise two key challenges: first, a need for new ‘editorial-technological’ competencies, and second, a shift in media workplace culture to recognise the equivalency in importance between classic media creative skills and the newer but equally intellectually demanding tech-media skills.
Signs of aphasia: Online identity and stigma management in post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Taubner Helena , Hallén Malin , Wengelin Åsa
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to investigate online strategies for re-negotiating identity, in terms of stigma management, developed by working-age Swedish Internet users with post-stroke aphasia, i.e., acquired language impairment caused by brain injury. Interviews were conducted with nine individuals (aged 26-61, three men and six women) with post-stroke aphasia. In addition, a total of 1,581 screenshots of online posts (e.g., photos, videos, text, emoticons) created by the same participants were collected. Drawing on social semiotics (specifically the three dimensions of online communication mentioned by Kress (2003), i.e., composition, content and context) and Goffman’s theory of stigma (1963, specifically the concepts of stigma management and passing), qualitative thematic analysis was performed. Regarding composition, three themes emerged: Relying on others or technology, Beyond speaking and writing, and Controlling speed and timing. The participants rarely posted content about aphasia, but some of them used the Internet to raise awareness. Different online contexts had different meaning to the participants in terms of identity. Being open about the aphasia in one forum did not imply the same behaviour in another forum (e.g., dating sites). For the participants to pass (Goffman, 1963), should they want to, they needed to control all three dimensions. If the context or the composition revealed the stigma, controlling the content was not enough to pass. The multimodality of the Internet enabled the participants to manage their stigma in a variety of ways and to choose whether to be perceived as persons with aphasia or not.
Jak učitelé německého jazyka užívají ve výuce angličtinu
Authors: Janík Miroslav
Published: June 2017

V předkládané studii jsme se zaměřili na užívání angličtiny učiteli ve výuce němčiny jako dalšího cizího jazyka (po angličtině). V teoretické části je představeno naše chápání jazyka a jazykového jednání ve vztahu k mnohojazyčnosti a jazykové politice. V této studii pojímáme jazyky ve smyslu jazykových repertoárů, mnohojazyčnost pak jako schopnost užívat (na různé úrovni) tři a více jazyků. Pod pojmem jazyková politika (policy) rozumíme jak procesy státní politiky („top-down“), které mají tendenci podporovat aditivní pojetí mnohojazyčnosti, tak procesy jazykové politiky ve školní třídě („bottom-up“), která je založena na jazykovém jednání (především učitelů) a zahrnuje (mimo jiné) legitimizaci jazyků prostřednictvím jejich užívání. Hlavní výzkumná otázka byla stanovena: Jak jsou organizovány situace ve výuce německého jazyka, ve kterých učitel užívá anglický jazyk? Výzkumný vzorek tvoří 28 videonahrávek hodin německého jazyka na druhém stupni základní školy a jejich transkripty. Před představením metody analýzy –  konverzační analýzy – a jejím teoretickým ukotvením je popsána jednotka analýzy – výuková situace – a postup, jak jsme ji identifikovali. V následující části studie jsou prezentovány  výsledky. Z hlediska struktury byla v identifikovaných situacích patrná struktura iniciace–odpověď–zpětná vazba (IRF) v různých modifikacích. Z analýzy vyplývá, že učitelem užitá  angličtina je patrná ve výuce německého jazyka v komentářích a nápovědách. Pokud byla  angličtina užita v komentáři, pak se často jednalo o rozšíření zpětné vazby na předešlou žákovu odpověď, nebo komentář sloužil jako výklad, ve kterém bylo podporováno metalingvistické povědomí. Nápovědy, ve kterých byl patrný anglický jazyk, byly užity jako reakce na problém či chybu (často nesouvisející s angličtinou) v žákově odpovědi. V takovém případě byla v  nápovědách přítomna metalingvistická vodítka, která měla vést žáky k sebeopravě. Z výsledků studie sice vyplývá, že užívání anglického jazyka je přirozeným jazykovým jednáním učitelů,  které má vést k rozvoji německého jazyka, ale nebylo možné identifikovat ucelený přístup učitelů k užívání anglického jazyka a k podpoře mnohojazyčnosti.
Studie výuky dějepisného učiva na 1. stupni ZŠ
Authors: Stará Jana , Starý Karel
Published: June 2017

V této stati představíme výsledky empirické studie výuky tématu událostí 17. listopadu 1939 a 1989 ve třetím ročníku ZŠ. Po krátkém ukotvení tématu v teoretickém rámci aktuálního vývoje dějepisného vzdělávání v primární škole v mezinárodním kontextu a popisu výzkumné metodologie seznámíme čtenáře s hlavními výzkumnými zjištěními. Kvalitativní explanatorní případová studie výuky tří učitelek, založená na pozorování výuky, rozhovorech s učiteli a analýze písemných projevů žáků, prokázala, že žáci jsou již v primární škole schopni porozumět významu historických událostí a uvědomovat si hodnotu života ve svobodné společnosti. K tomuto výsledku mohou žáky učitelé dovést různými přístupy, je však nutno respektovat vývojové schopnosti žáků a reagovat na specifická úskalí, která přináší dějepisné učivo. Patří mezi ně nároky na orientaci v časových obdobích, tendence přeceňovat roli známých osobností (personifikace) a posuzování historických událostí měřítky současnosti (prezentismus). Jako efektivní přístupy se ve studii ukázaly přístupy badatelsky orientované výuky – přístupy orální historie a přístupy založené na analýze hodnoty života ve svobodné společnosti na základě rozhovoru o prožitcích a pocitech lidí žijících v době nesvobody.
Clinical Prevalence of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Disease in Small Ruminants at the Urban Areas of Hyderabad, Sindh
Authors: Asad Ali Khaskheli  , M. Ibrahim Khaskheli  , Allahjurio Khaskheli  , Gulbhar Khaskheli  , Rani Abro  , Ghulam Shabir Barham
Published: June 2017

Peste des Petits Ruminants is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, caused by Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV), spreading worldwide in these days. Thus, current study was planned to check the prevalence percentage of PPR in small ruminants especially in goat and sheep surrounding the urban areas of Hyderabad district of Pakistan. A total of two hundred goat (n=200) were examined during study period. The highest prevalence percentage was observed for PPR (35%) followed by respiratory tract infection (17%), urine incontinence (10%), tympany (9.5%) and indigestion (6%). The prevalence percentage of fracture (1.5%) was lowest among all followed by retained placenta (2%), dystokia (2.5%), mastitis (3%) and abortion (3.5%). Whereas, wound (4.5%) and enterotoxaemia (5.5%) showed moderate prevalence. Similarly, a total two hundred sheep (n=200) were examined and prevalence of different disorders in sheep was found quietly different from the goat. The PPR appeared to be most prevalent problem (30%) in sheep too followed by indigestion (15.5%), respiratory tract infection (13.5%), tympany (12.5%) and wound (7.5%). Fracture appeared as least prevalent problem (1%) followed by dystokia (1.5%), retained placenta (3%), mastitis (3.5%) and abortion (5%). The moderate prevalence was of enterotoxaemia (7%); where, as prevalence of urine incontinence was recorded zero (0%). Overall Prevalence percentages of different disorders in both species indicate that PPR (32.5%) appeared as most prevalent disease followed by respiratory tract infections (15.25%), tympany (11%), indigestion (10.75%) and enterotoxaemia (6.25%). Furthermore; fracture appeared as least prevalent complaint (1.25%) followed by dystokia (2%), retained placenta (2.5%), mastitis (3.25%) and dystokia (4.25%). As for as urine incontinence (5%) and enterotxaemia (6.25%) are concerned, their prevalence was found moderate. No doubt PPR is one of the major emerging issue for small ruminant production therefore current study was planned to provide a proper baseline information so that infected heads could be identified on very early stage for their timely cure and prevention.
Traitement interne ou externe pour le jeu pathologique : variables influençant le choix de l’orientation
Authors: Ferland Francine , Blanchette-Martin Nadine , Bertrand-Danjou Audréane , Blais-Michaud Sophie , Légaré Andrée-Anne , Giroux Isabelle , Garceau Pascal , Savard Cathy , Savard Annie-Claude
Published: June 2017

Actuellement, il y a peu de critères standardisés permettant de guider l’orientation des joueurs et des joueuses pathologiques vers les traitements internes ou externes. Les guides de bonnes pratiques suggèrent d’orienter ceux-ci vers des services d’une intensité appropriée à leurs besoins. Selon la littérature, c’est la gravité du problème de jeu de hasard et d’argent (JHA) qui devrait déterminer l’intensité des services requis. Toutefois, la littérature présente une vaste gamme d’indicateurs pouvant permettre de déterminer la gravité d’un problème de JHA. La présente étude a comme objectif de déterminer quels indicateurs de la gravité d’un problème de JHA évalués lors de l’évaluation d’admission en traitement des joueurs et des joueuses sont utilisés pour déterminer de l’orientation vers les modalités de traitement interne ou externe. Les évaluations d’admission de 364 joueurs et joueuses adultes qui se sont présentés dans un service public du Québec spécialisé en dépendance ont été analysées à l’aide d’une régression logistique. Les résultats indiquent que bien que l’évaluation d’admission permette de dresser un portrait exhaustif de la situation du joueur et de la joueuse, seulement 5 indicateurs sont utilisés pour déterminer l’orientation clinique. Les impacts sur la durée de l’évaluation d’admission et sur le travail clinique des intervenants et des intervenantes sont discutés.
Bottom‐simulating reflector dynamics at Arctic thermogenic gas provinces: An example from Vestnesa Ridge, offshore west Svalbard
Authors: Plaza‐Faverola A. , Vadakkepuliyambatta S. , Hong W.‐L. , Mienert J. , Bünz S. , Chand S. , Greinert J.
Published: June 2017

The Vestnesa Ridge comprises a >100 km long sediment drift located between the western continental slope of Svalbard and the Arctic mid‐ocean ridges. It hosts a deep water (>1000 m) gas hydrate and associated seafloor seepage system. Near‐seafloor headspace gas compositions and its methane carbon isotopic signature along the ridge indicate a predominance of thermogenic gas sources feeding the system. Prediction of the base of the gas hydrate stability zone for theoretical pressure and temperature conditions and measured gas compositions results in an unusual underestimation of the observed bottom‐simulating reflector (BSR) depth. The BSR is up to 60 m deeper than predicted for pure methane and measured gas compositions with >99% methane. Models for measured gas compositions with >4% higher‐order hydrocarbons result in a better BSR approximation. However, the BSR remains >20 m deeper than predicted in a region without active seepage. A BSR deeper than predicted is primarily explained by unaccounted spatial variations in the geothermal gradient and by larger amounts of thermogenic gas at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. Hydrates containing higher‐order hydrocarbons form at greater depths and higher temperatures and contribute with larger amounts of carbons than pure methane hydrates. In thermogenic provinces, this may imply a significant upward revision (up to 50% in the case of Vestnesa Ridge) of the amount of carbon in gas hydrates.
Observation of pulsating aurora signatures in cosmic noise absorption data
Authors: Grandin M. , Kero A. , Partamies N. , McKay D. , Whiter D. , Kozlovsky A. , Miyoshi Y.
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the contribution of energetic (E > 30 keV) particle precipitation during a pulsating aurora event over Kilpisjärvi (L = 6.2) on 26 February 2014. It is based on the comparison of auroral blue‐line emission (427.8 nm) data from an all‐sky camera and cosmic noise absorption (CNA) data obtained from a multibeam experiment of the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) riometer. The data sets are compared for three KAIRA beams close to magnetic zenith. Results show a clear correlation between the measured CNA and the auroral blue‐line emission during the event, for each beam. In addition, individual pulsations are observed for the first time in the cosmic noise absorption data measured by KAIRA and are found to be close‐to‐identical to the optical pulsations. This suggests that the modulation of electron precipitation during pulsating aurora takes place in a consistent way over a broad range of energies.
Structure and seasonal variations of the nocturnal mesospheric K layer at Arecibo
Authors: Yue Xianchang , Friedman Jonathan S. , Wu Xiongbin , Zhou Qihou H.
Published: June 2017

We present the seasonal variations of the nocturnal mesospheric potassium (K) layer at Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18.35°N, 66.75°W) from 160 nights of K Doppler lidar observations between December 2003 and January 2010, during which the solar activity is mostly low. The background temperature is also measured simultaneously by the lidar and shows a strong semiannual oscillation with maxima occurring during equinoxes at all altitudes. The annual mean K density profile is approximately Gaussian with a peak altitude of 91.7 km. The K column abundance and the centroid height have strong semiannual variations, with maxima at the solstices. Both parameters are negatively correlated to the mean background temperature with a correlation coefficient < −0.5. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) width has a distinct annual oscillation with the largest width occurring in May. The seasonal variation of the centroid height is similar to that of the Fe layer at the same site. The seasonal temperature variation indicates significant enhanced wave‐induced downward transport for both species during spring and autumn. This explains the metal layer centroid height and column abundance variations at Arecibo and provides a general mechanism to account for the seasonal variations in the centroid height of all metal species measured at low‐latitude and midlatitude sites.
Physical processes controlling the spatial distributions of relative humidity in the tropical tropopause layer over the Pacific
Authors: Jensen Eric J. , Thornberry Troy D. , Rollins Andrew W. , Ueyama Rei , Pfister Leonhard , Bui Theopaul , Diskin Glenn S. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Hintsa Eric , Gao Ru‐Shan , Woods Sarah , Lawson R. Paul , Pittman Jasna
Published: June 2017

The spatial distribution of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) in the boreal wintertime tropical tropopause layer (TTL, ≃14–18 km) over the Pacific is examined with the measurements provided by the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment. We also compare the measured RHI distributions with results from a transport and microphysical model driven by meteorological analysis fields. Notable features in the distribution of RHI versus temperature and longitude include (1) the common occurrence of RHI values near ice saturation over the western Pacific in the lower to middle TTL; (2) low RHI values in the lower TTL over the central and eastern Pacific; (3) common occurrence of RHI values following a constant mixing ratio in the middle to upper TTL (temperatures between 190 and 200 K); (4) RHI values typically near ice saturation in the coldest airmasses sampled; and (5) RHI values typically near 100% across the TTL temperature range in air parcels with ozone mixing ratios less than 50 ppbv. We suggest that the typically saturated air in the lower TTL over the western Pacific is likely driven by a combination of the frequent occurrence of deep convection and the predominance of rising motion in this region. The nearly constant water vapor mixing ratios in the middle to upper TTL likely result from the combination of slow ascent (resulting in long residence times) and wave‐driven temperature variability. The numerical simulations generally reproduce the observed RHI distribution features, and sensitivity tests further emphasize the strong influence of convective input and vertical motions on TTL relative humidity.
Omnidirectional Flexible Transmissive Structural Colors with High‐Color‐Purity and High‐Efficiency Exploiting Multicavity Resonances
Authors: Lee Kyu‐Tae , Han Sung Yong , Park Hui Joon
Published: June 2017

This study demonstrates flexible structural color filters that create angle‐insensitive transmissive colors with capabilities of retaining high‐color‐purity and simultaneously high‐efficiency, based on multicavity resonances. Optimized antireflection coatings in a symmetric configuration yield greatly boosted transmission efficiency without sacrificing the color purity. Exploiting a material with a high index of refraction in the visible range allows the angle dependent property to be remarkably mitigated, thus presenting wide acceptance angles over 70°. A simple fabrication process that only involves a thin‐film deposition method shows a great potential for large scale applications. Furthermore, optical properties of the structural colors, fabricated on a flexible substrate, remain almost unchanged to the 5 mm bending radius condition and after over 3000 times bending tests. The strategy presented in this work could be adopted for diverse research fields such as displays, anticounterfeiting tags, light modulators, colored solar cells, and chemical sensors.
Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as markers of dietary variation among sociocultural subgroups of Inuit in Greenland
Authors: Bjerregaard Peter , Larsen Christina V. L. , Dahl‐Petersen Inger K. , Buchardt Bjørn
Published: June 2017

Objectives

We assessed the use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as biomarkers for traditional versus store‐bought food among the Inuit. Furthermore, we compared the isotope patterns among sociocultural population groups.

METHODS

As a part of a country‐wide health survey in Greenland during 2005–2010, we analyzed the isotope composition of toenails from 1025 adult Inuit and meat of common species hunted for food. Information on diet and sociocultural variables was collected by interviews.

RESULTS

Weighted by sex and place of residence to the total population of Inuit in Greenland, the average δ13C value in toenails was −20.2‰ and the δ15N value was 12.0‰ which are higher than in a general Danish omnivorous population. Both isotopes were significantly associated with other biomarkers of marine food and with results of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The percentage of marine food in the diet was estimated at 21% from the mean δ13C value, 25% from the mean δ15N value, and 23% from the FFQ.

CONCLUSION

Nail samples for analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were convenient to collect during a large population health survey among the Inuit. Isotope enrichment levels showed statistically significant associations with other biomarkers for consumption of marine food and with results of an FFQ and were used to estimate the percentage of marine food in the diet. Isotope levels were significantly associated with a novel score of sociocultural transition.
Zweidimensionales Haeckelit‐NbS2 – ein diamagnetischer Halbleiter mit Nb4+‐Ionen und hoher Ladungsträgermobilität
Authors: Ma Yandong , Kuc Agnieszka , Jing Yu , Philipsen Pier , Heine Thomas
Published: June 2017

In allen bekannten Dichalkogenid‐Monolagen (ML) von Übergangsmetallen der Gruppe 5 haben die Metallzentren einen Spin, und ihre Grundzustandsphasen sind entweder metallisch oder halbleitend mit indirekter Bandlücke. Auf Grundlage von Berechnungen aus ersten Prinzipien berichten wir hier über die Haeckelit‐Polytypen 1S‐NbX2 (X=S, Se, Te). Diese sind diamagnetische Halbleiter mit direkter Bandlücke, obwohl die Nb‐Atome im Oxidationszustand 4+ vorliegen. Dagegen sind 1S‐VX2‐ML antiferromagnetische Halbleiter mit indirekter Bandlücke. Die 1S‐Phasen sind thermodynamisch und dynamisch stabil, jedoch haben sie eine etwas höhere Energie als ihre 1H‐ und 1T‐ML‐Polytopen. 1S‐NbX2‐ML könnten sich aufgrund ihrer kleinen Bandlücken (zwischen 0.5 und 1 eV) hervorragend für optoelektronische Anwendungen eignen. Weiterhin ist die Lochbeweglichkeit in 1S‐NbS2‐ML mit 2.68×103 cm2 V−1 s−1 besonders hoch, höher als z. B. in MoS2 und vergleichbar mit WSe2.
A Bifunctional Spin Label for Ligand Recognition on Surfaces
Authors: Hollas Michael A. , Webb Simon J. , Flitsch Sabine L. , Fielding Alistair J.
Published: June 2017

In situ monitoring of biomolecular recognition, especially at surfaces, still presents a significant technical challenge. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of biomolecules spin‐labeled with nitroxides can offer uniquely sensitive and selective insights into these processes, but new spin‐labeling strategies are needed. The synthesis and study of a bromoacrylaldehyde spin label (BASL), which features two attachment points with orthogonal reactivity is reported. The first examples of mannose and biotin ligands coupled to aqueous carboxy‐functionalized gold nanoparticles through a spin label are presented. EPR spectra were obtained for the spin‐labeled ligands both free in solution and attached to nanoparticles. The labels were recognized by the mannose‐binding lectin, Con A, and the biotin‐binding protein avidin‐peroxidase. Binding gave quantifiable changes in the EPR spectra from which binding profiles could be obtained that reflect the strength of binding in each case.
Polyimide aerogels crosslinked through cyclic ladder‐like and cage polyamine functionalized polysilsesquioxanes
Authors: Wu Yi‐Wei , Ye Miao‐Fen , Zhang Wen‐Chao , Yang Rong‐Jie
Published: June 2017

Polyimide (PI) aerogels with high porosity, low thermal conductivity, flexibility, low density, and excellent mechanical properties have attracted attention. However, the effect of crosslinker on structures and properties has not been investigated. Preparation of non‐shrinkable, aerogels with excellent performance is still a challenge. A series of PI aerogels are prepared through the polyamic acid oligomer reacting with different crosslinking agents: 1,3,5‐triaminophenoxybenzene (TAB), caged octa(aminophenyl) silsesquioxane, and cyclic ladder‐like poly(aminophenyl) silsesquioxanes. The shrinkage, density, porosity, and compression measurements of the PI aerogels indicate that the PI–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) aerogels show more stable and stronger structures than with the TAB. The physical properties reveal that the introduction of POSS brings more compact and stable crosslinking network structures. The thermal properties of the PI aerogels are tested by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Transient Hot Wire method. The PI–POSS aerogels showed much better thermal stability, lower thermal conductivities, and better thermal insulation. Stable inorganic cores and rigid molecular structures of POSS result in strong mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and low thermal conductivities of the PI aerogels which may have important application in thermal protection against high temperature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45296.
Goodreads reviews to assess the wider impacts of books
Authors: Kousha Kayvan , Thelwall Mike , Abdoli Mahshid
Published: June 2017

Although peer‐review and citation counts are commonly used to help assess the scholarly impact of published research, informal reader feedback might also be exploited to help assess the wider impacts of books, such as their educational or cultural value. The social website Goodreads seems to be a reasonable source for this purpose because it includes a large number of book reviews and ratings by many users inside and outside of academia. To check this, Goodreads book metrics were compared with different book‐based impact indicators for 15,928 academic books across broad fields. Goodreads engagements were numerous enough in the arts (85% of books had at least one), humanities (80%), and social sciences (67%) for use as a source of impact evidence. Low and moderate correlations between Goodreads book metrics and scholarly or non‐scholarly indicators suggest that reader feedback in Goodreads reflects the many purposes of books rather than a single type of impact. Although Goodreads book metrics can be manipulated, they could be used guardedly by academics, authors, and publishers in evaluations.
Chromosome copy number variants in fetuses with syndromic malformations
Authors: Wang Huilin , Chau Matthew Hoi Kin , Cao Ye , Kwok Ka Yin , Choy Kwong Wai
Published: June 2017

Chromosome copy number variants (CNVs; gains and losses of DNA sequences >1 kb) are wide‐spread throughout the genome of healthy individuals. Laboratory studies show that a subset of CNVs are pathogenic, and not only can be responsible for the pathogenesis of major birth defects and cancer, but are also associated with neurodevelopmental disorders at birth. The characteristics of the pathogenic microdeletions and microduplications are important for both clinical implications and genetic counselling regarding test selection for prenatal screening and diagnosis. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the phenotypic effects of most CNV is still minimal, leading to the classification of many CNVs as “genomic imbalances of unknown clinical significance”. Microdeletions and microduplications can occur in all pregnancies and the spectrum of pathogenic CNVs in fetuses with syndromic malformations is not well studied. This review summarizes our current understanding of CNVs, the common detection methods, and the characteristics of pathogenic CNVs identified in fetuses with syndromic malformations. Birth Defects Research 109:725–733, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How exaptations facilitated photosensory evolution: Seeing the light by accident
Authors: Gavelis Gregory S. , Keeling Patrick J. , Leander Brian S.
Published: June 2017

Exaptations are adaptations that have undergone a major change in function. By recruiting genes from sources originally unrelated to vision, exaptation has allowed for sudden and critical photosensory innovations, such as lenses, photopigments, and photoreceptors. Here we review new or neglected findings, with an emphasis on unicellular eukaryotes (protists), to illustrate how exaptation has shaped photoreception across the tree of life. Protist phylogeny attests to multiple origins of photoreception, as well as the extreme creativity of evolution. By appropriating genes and even entire organelles from foreign organisms via lateral gene transfer and endosymbiosis, protists have cobbled photoreceptors and eyespots from a diverse set of ingredients. While refinement through natural selection is paramount, exaptation helps illustrate how novelties arise in the first place, and is now shedding light on the origins of photoreception itself.
First derivative emission spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of LCZ696, a newly approved FDA supramolecular complex of valsartan and sacubitril in tablets
Authors: Ragab Marwa A.A. , Galal Shereen M. , Korany Mohamed A. , Ahmed Aya R.
Published: June 2017

LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan, Entresto™) is a therapy lately approved by United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) as a heart failure therapy. It is claimed to decrease the mortality rate and hospitalization for patients with chronic heart failure. This study is considered as the first report to investigate the fluorimetric behavior of sacubitril in addition to pursuing all the different conditions that may affect its fluorescence. Various conditions were studied, for example studying the effects of organized media, solvents and pH, which may affect the fluorescence behavior of sacubitril. For the simultaneous determination of the newly approved supramolecular complex of valsartan (VAL) and sacubitril (SAC) in their tablets, a sensitive and simple first derivative spectrofluorimetric method was developed. The method involved the measurement of native fluorescence at 416 nm and 314 nm (λex 249 nm) for VAL and SAC, respectively. The first (D1) derivative technique was applied to the emission data to resolve a partial overlap that appeared in their emission spectra. The proposed method was successfully applied for the assay of the two drugs in their supramolecular complex LCZ696 with no interference from common pharmaceutical additives. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines were followed in order to validate the proposed method.
Synthesis and in vitro antioxidant activity study of some new piperazinyl flavone compounds
Authors: Berczyński Paweł , Kładna Aleksandra , Kruk Irena , Sarı Elmas , Murat Hatice Nehir , Bozdağ Dündar Oya , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: June 2017

Flavones exhibit a variety of beneficial effects and are well known for their medicinal importance in several diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and cancer. The inclusion of the piperazine ring to the flavone backbone is an important strategy in drug discovery but only a few studies have synthesized piperazinyl flavone compounds to test their biological activity. While there is a major focus on the antioxidant properties of drugs in therapy of several diseases of inflammatory origin, we synthesized a series of the novel piperazinyl flavone analogues bearing the phenyl ring with different substituents. The analogues were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity against superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging properties. The total antioxidant status based on the absorbance of the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS+•) and total antioxidant capacity using the Fe(III)‐ferrozine complex were also monitored. The results of the above studies showed that the compounds synthesized were found possessed moderate radical scavenging potential, and that their interaction with reactive oxygen species is complex and depends on their structural conformation and the type of substituent R in the piperazine ring being attached. Best antiradical activity were found for the compounds with methoxy groups on the phenyl ring of substituent R, whereas the presence of methoxy or trifluoromethyl groups in substituent R resulted in higher ABTS+• and ion Fe(III) reduction. These compounds are promising molecules to be used for their antioxidant properties and may be regarded, after improvement of the antioxidant potential, to control diseases of free radical etiology.