bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Examination of Hydroxyl Radical Differences
Among Model Simulations for CCMI-1
Authors: Nicely Julie M. , Duncan Bryan N. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Wolfe Glenn M. , Salawitch Ross J. , Deushi Makoto , Haslerud Amund S. , Jöckel Patrick , Josse Béatrice , Kinnison Douglas E. , Klekociuk Andrew , Manyin Michael E. , Marécal Virginie , Morgenstern Olaf , Murray Lee T. , Myhre Gunnar , Oman Luke D. , Pitari Giovanni , Pozzer Andrea , Quaglia Ilaria , Revell Laura E. , Rozanov Eugene , Stenke Andrea , Stone Kane , Strahan Susan , Tilmes Simone , Tost Holger , Westervelt Daniel M. , Zeng Guang
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Hydroxyl radical (OH) plays critical roles within the troposphere, such as determining the lifetime of methane (CH4), yet is challenging to model due to its fast cycling and dependence on a multitude of sources and sinks. As a result, the reasons for variations in OH and the resulting CH4 lifetime (τCH4), both between models and in time, are difficult to diagnose. We apply a neural network (NN) approach to address this issue within a group of models that participated in the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). Analysis of the historical specified dynamics simulations performed for CCMI indicates that the primary drivers of τCH4 differences among ten models are the flux of UV light to the troposphere (indicated by the photolysis frequency JO1D) due mostly to clouds, mixing ratio of tropospheric ozone (O3), the abundance of nitrogen oxides (NOx≡NO+NO2), and details of the various chemical mechanisms that drive OH. Water vapor, carbon monoxide (CO), the ratio of NO:NOx, and formaldehyde (HCHO) explain moderate differences in τCH4, while isoprene, CH4, the photolysis frequency of NO2 by visible light (JNO2), overhead O3 column, and temperature account for little-to-no model variation in τCH4. We also apply the NNs to analysis of temporal trends in OH from 1980 to 2015. All models that participated in the specified dynamics historical simulation for CCMI demonstrate a decline in τCH4 during the analysed timeframe. The significant contributors to this trend, in order of importance, are tropospheric O3, JO1D, NOx, and H2O, with CO also causing substantial interannual variability in OH burden. Finally, the identified trends in τCH4 are compared to calculated trends in the tropospheric mean OH concentration from previous work, based on analysis of observations. The comparison reveals a robust result for the effect of rising water vapor on OH and τCH4, imparting an increasing and decreasing trend of about 0.5 % decade−1, respectively. The responses due to NOx, O3 column, and temperature are also in reasonably good agreement between the two studies, though a discrepancy in the CH4 response highlights a need for further examination of the CH4 feedback on the abundance of OH.
Towards an operational Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) retrieval product
Authors: Eriksson Patrick , Rydberg Bengt , Mattioli Vinia , Thoss Anke , Accadia Christophe , Klein Ulf , Buehler Stefan A.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The second generation of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS-SG) will include the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), the first operational sensor covering sub-millimetre wavelengths. Three copies of ICI will be launched that together will give a measurement series exceeding 20 years. Due to the novelty of ICI, preparing the data processing is especially important and challenging. This paper focuses on activities related to the operational product planned, but also presents basic technical characteristics of the instrument. A retrieval algorithm based on Bayesian Monte Carlo integration has been developed. The main retrieval quantities are ice water path (IWP), mean mass height (Zm) and mean mass diameter (Dm). A novel part of the algorithm is to fully present the inversion as a description of the posterior probability distribution. This is to prefer for ICI as its retrieval errors not always follow Gaussian statistics. A state-of-the-art retrieval database is used to test the algorithm and to give an updated estimate of the retrieval performance. The degrees of freedom in measured radiances, and consequently the retrieval precision, vary with cloud situation. According to present simulations, IWP, Zm and Dm can be determined with 90 % confidence at best inside 50 %, 700 m and 50 um, respectively. The retrieval requires that the data from the thirteen channels of ICI are remapped to a common footprint. First estimates of the errors introduced by this remapping are also presented.
Impact of warming shelf waters on ice mélange and terminus retreat at a large SE Greenland glacier
Authors: Bevan Suzanne L. , Luckman Adrian J. , Benn Douglas I. , Cowton Tom , Todd Joe
Published: September 2019

Abstract. By the end of 2018 Kangerlussuaq Glacier in southeast Greenland had retreated further inland than at any time in the past 80 years and its terminus was approaching a region of retrograde bed slope from where further rapid retreat would have been inevitable. Here we show that the retreat occurred because the glacier failed to advance during the winters of 2016/17 and 2017/18 owing to a weakened proglacial mélange. This mixture of sea ice and icebergs is normally rigid enough to inhibit calving in winter, but for 2 consecutive years it repeatedly collapsed, allowing Kangerlussuaq Glacier to continue to calve all year round. The mélange break-ups followed the establishment of anomalously warm surface water on the continental shelf during 2016, which likely penetrated the fjord. As calving continued uninterrupted from summer 2016 to the end of 2018 the glacier accelerated by 35 % and thinned by 35 m. These observations demonstrate the importance of near-surface ocean temperatures in tidewater glacier stability and show that it is not only deep-ocean warming that can lead to glacier retreat. During winter 2019 a persistent mélange reformed and the glacier readvanced by 3.5 km.
Brief Communication: Conventional assumptions involving the speed of radar waves in snow introduce systematic underestimates to sea ice thickness and seasonal growth rate estimates
Authors: Mallett Robbie D. C. , Lawrence Isobel R. , Stroeve Julienne C. , Landy Jack C. , Tsamados Michel
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Pan-Arctic sea ice thickness has been monitored over recent decades by satellite radar altimeters such as CryoSat-2, which emit Ku-band radar waves that are conventionally assumed to penetrate overlying snow and scatter from the ice-snow interface. Here we examine two expressions for the time delay caused by slower radar wave propagation through the snow layer and related assumptions concerning the time-evolution of overlying snow density. Two conventional treatments lead to systematic underestimates of winter ice thickness and thermodynamic growth rate of up to 15 cm over multiyear ice. Correcting these biases would improve the accuracy of sea ice thickness products, which feed a wide variety of model projections, calibrations, validations and reanalyses.
Interactional Competence in Japanese as an Additional Language
Authors: Maa Joy
Published: September 2019

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The Monstrous-Feminine in Contemporary Japanese Popular Culture
Authors: Campana Andrew
Published: September 2019

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Danwa to Purofishienshī: Sono shin no sugata no tankyū to kyōiku jissen o mezashite (Discourse and Proficiency: Aiming for Pursuit of Truth and Educational Practice) 談話とプロフィシェンシー　その真の姿の探求と教育実践をめざして
Authors: Kawanishi Yumiko
Published: September 2019

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Ecocriticism in Japan
Authors: Holroyd Carin
Published: September 2019

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Visible and Invisible Translation: Yu Chin-o’s “Lecturer Kim and Professor T”
Authors: Krolikoski David
Published: September 2019

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La comunalidad en espacios re-creados. Una mirada teórica metodológica
Authors: Cruz Moreno Ingrid Amairani , Zizumbo Villarreal Lilia , Pérez Ramírez Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2019

La comunalidad es una construcción teórica para el estudio de grupos indígenas y campesinos, que ayuda a comprender las formas de resistencias que enfrentan ante la reconfiguración del medio rural ante los procesos socio políticos locales, que posibilitan a las comunidades, hacer frente a procesos de exclusión y dar continuidad a las formas de vida tradicionales. En este sentido, el artículo tiene como finalidad contribuir a la construcción teórica y metodológica de la comunalidad, como propuesta para el análisis y comprensión de los fenómenos socioambientales que enfrentan las comunidades indígenas en espacios re-creados, considerando la identidad, el territorio, el trabajo y la historia como categorías de estudio. Se concluye que la comunalidad constituye un enfoque válido para la investigación ambiental, que desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria conjuga elementos socioterritoriales para la comprensión de la realidad actual.
Palabras clave: Comunalidad, identidad, territorio, trabajo
Análise multitemporal de uso e cobertura da terra na Reserva da Biosfera do Cerrado
Authors: Brito Brenda Nogueira de , Silva Elaine Barbosa da
Published: September 2019

O Programa O Homem e a Biosfera, promovido pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura - UNESCO, tem como principal objetivo a criação de Reservas da Biosfera– RB em diferentes biomas. Apesar da importância (posição estratégica e biodiversidade), a Reserva da Biosfera do Cerrado ainda tem modesta divulgação na mídia/comunidade acadêmica e poucas Unidades de Conservação que promovam a preservação do bioma. Com a finalidade de contribuir com esta discussão, o presente trabalho visa apresentar uma análise multitemporal da Reserva da Biosfera do Cerrado, no que se refere à questão do uso e ocupação da terra, realizada por meio dos dados do programa MapBiomas, no período de 2001 a 2016. A análise mostrou que ao longo dos anos houve uma forte conversão das áreas naturais prejudicando o objetivo central das reservas – preservação da biodiversidade. No total, foram aproximadamente 15 mil km² de áreas convertidas para uso antrópico, 8 mil km² somente entre 2004 e 2008, apresentando taxa de variação de 14% neste período.

Palavras – chave: Reservas da Biosfera, Cerrado, uso do solo.
Avaliação da demanda hídrica por pivôs centrais e agroindústrias na Alta Bacia do Ribeirão Santo Inácio – Orizona/GO
Authors: Rodrigues Lorena De Castro , Bayer Maximiliano
Published: September 2019

A atividade agrícola é a principal responsável pelo uso consuntivo da água seguida pela atividade industrial. O agrohidronegócio ganha espaço à medida que a demanda por alimentos no mundo aumenta. Essa realidade é presente na Alta Bacia do Ribeirão Santo Inácio, localizada no município de Orizona (GO), onde ocorre uma dependência mútua entre atividade agrícola irrigada e atividade industrial. Os mapas temáticos deste estudo auxiliam a compreender a dinâmica da microbacia apresentando as características físicas do ambiente como a predominância de latossolos e baixa declividade do relevo nas proximidades dos cursos d’água, o que propicia a intensa atividade agrícola irrigada por pivô central. A projeção do total de água captada pelos pivôs centrais foi realizada a partir do cálculo de subtração da precipitação e a evapotranspiração da cultura plantada multiplicado pelo tamanho da área de cada pivô central. Conclui-se que se que nos meses do período de estiagem o déficit hídrico chega a 1.092 metros cúbicos por hora, implicando no consumo hídrico das agroindústrias que captam água a jusante do Ribeirão Santo Inácio.

Palavras-chave: pivô central; atividade industrial; água; déficit hídrico.
Inglês como língua adicional na Educação Básica: reflexões sob a ótica Freiriana
Authors: Ribeiro Andrea Da Silva Marques , Cruz Jessica Fernandes Natarelli da
Published: September 2019

Com a nova redação dada à Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Lei n° 9394/96), o Inglês passou a ser a língua adicional obrigatória na Educação Básica; escolha, que anteriormente, ficava a cargo da comunidade escolar (BRASIL, 1996, 1998). Essa obrigatoriedade traz diversos prejuízos culturais e ideológicos em face ao papel hegemônico dos EUA no Continente Americano. No entanto, é inegável a importância do aprendizado de Língua Inglesa como instrumento de acesso aos bens culturais e a outras maneiras de ver o mundo (BRASIL, 1998; CRYSTAL, 2003; MOITA LOPES, 1996). Dentro dessa perspectiva, o Inglês como língua franca corrobora com a descolonização do idioma mais falado no mundo (LEFFA e IRALA, 2014; MOITA LOPES, 1996). Assim, diante da atual conjuntura do ensino de Língua Inglesa, surge a necessidade de se refletir sobre as práticas atuais que têm reforçado as desigualdades socais. Amparado nos pressupostos teóricos de Paulo Freire (1967, 1979, 1987) e com base em pressupostos da pesquisa documental (GIL, 2008; MARCONI e LAKATOS, 2010), este artigo tem como objetivo fomentar reflexões sobre o ensino de Inglês como LA e, então, contribuir para a ressignificação do idioma na Educação Básica tendo em vista o seu papel como ferramenta de empoderamento dos alunos das classes populares em sua formação como cidadão crítico do mundo globalizado.
O ensino-aprendizagem da entrevista de emprego em língua inglesa em curso técnico de nível médio
Authors: Silva Geraldo Máximo da , Lima Samuel De Carvalho
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar uma experiência de ensino-aprendizagem do gênero oral entrevista de emprego em língua inglesa, com foco na pronúncia inteligível, considerando o contexto de turmas numerosas da escola pública. Metodologicamente, desenvolvemos uma intervenção pedagógica no Curso Técnico de Nível Médio em Informática do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, campus Mossoró, através de uma proposta de ensino de 30h/a cujas atividades foram realizadas em duplas e em grupos. Nossa experiência se demonstrou produtiva tanto por ter contado com a participação de todos os alunos quanto por ter oportunizado o aumento de sua proficiência. Concluímos que nossa proposta de ensinoaprendizagem é flexível para outros contextos de oferta pública e gratuita da Educação Básica, devendo ser adaptada em função dos documentos norteadores e da promoção do ensino de língua inglesa.
Quem conta um conto… reconhecendo as potencialidades da contação de histórias para o ensino de ciências
Authors: Sales Danielle , Anjos Maylta Brandão dos , Rôças Giselle
Published: September 2019

A contação de histórias é um recurso didático lúdico, possibilitando que o ensino de ciências aconteça em suas várias dimensões. Assim, mais que uma breve história, as contações nos apontam caminhos, abrem um mundo de significados, fortalecendo nossos vínculos humanos, artísticos, sociais, educativos, culturais e afetivos. O objetivo da investigação foi compreender como a contação de histórias, enquanto recurso didático, contribui para as ações e práticas interdisciplinares no ensino de ciências. A análise dos resultados foi inspirada no método de análise das entrevistas narrativas apresentada por Muylaert et al. (2014), que entendem a narrativa como forma artesanal de comunicação, que transmite a experiência do entrevistado com determinada temática. A pesquisa realizada apresentou a abordagem interdisciplinar como amálgama para o ensino de ciências, utilizando as histórias como aporte de compreensão. Como resultado, observou-se a importância de se trabalhar com o ensino de ciências atrelado às demais disciplinas, de forma a dar significado aos elementos que são apresentados aos alunos. Desta forma, o pensar interdisciplinar transcende as paredes da escola, trazendo conteúdos de vivência do próprio aluno para a sala de aula.
Decolonial Feminism at the Intersection: A Critical Reflection on the Relationship Between Decolonial Feminism and Intersectionality
Authors: Velez Emma D.
Published: September 2019

This article offers a critical reading of María Lugones's engagement with intersectionality theory, as primarily developed by Black feminists. I argue that her “linguistic critique” of intersectionality risks jeopardizing the possibility of coalitional politics emphasized by decolonial feminisms, especially between Black women and Latinas. We should instead attend to her “coloniality critique” that shows what undergirds the categorial logics intersectionality names, interrogating their source as a colonial imposition. By furthering the insights of intersectionality, I argue that decolonial feminism helps us to reorient our practices of resistance to categorial logics and the possibility of forging decolonizing coalitions among women of color.
Silent Rage: Queer Youth Self-harm as a Protest
Authors: Ma Chris Jingchao
Published: September 2019

Self-harm among queer and trans youth has often been read in two ways: either as a mental health issue in the disciplines and professions of psychiatry and psychology or along the line of queer negativity as a refusal of the normative aspiration of health, prosperity, and reproduction. The medical discourse considers self-harm behaviors as an abnormality, away from the course of an individual's health, self-preservation, and development, which are considered to be natural. At the same time, many queer theorists critique such norms and, accordingly, such pathologization, and they argue that because of dominant heterosexual norms queer lives are often cast as abnormal and wrongly interpreted as a form of self-harm. In this essay, I consider both possible readings as inadequate for understanding the various meanings that self-harm actions may carry. While it is important to address the issue of queer and trans youth mental health, as well as to point out their possible resistance to heterosexual norms, I argue that self-harm may be the result of various causes, and its meanings cannot be exhausted by these two readings alone. Neither of these models are sufficient to explain all self-harm actions, as we cannot expect to explain all self-harm actions with one model. After discussing their limits, I offer a phenomenological reading of blogger Adrian Loya's narrative of gender dysphoria and self-harm thoughts, and I show how the anxiety and thoughts of self-harm are triggered by the transphobic gaze of others. In this instance, self-harm cannot be seen as arising from within the self but rather as arising from others. The self-directed violence is at first directed at the individual by and from hostile others who do not recognize or acknowledge the harm they cause, which has to be made manifest through other means, self-harm behavior being one of them. In this way, self-harm can be seen as a coping mechanism in that it is a silent protest—to manifest the harm that is so normative that it remains invisible to others, and thereby to manifest the social injury silently done.
A conceptual model for physician-system integration: A scoping review
Authors: Nguyen Ann M. , Wood Suzanne J. , Johnson Christopher E. , Dowling William L.
Published: September 2019

Despite the widespread pursuit of physician-health system integration, the evidence for factors affecting successful integration is uncertain and inconclusive. We sought to identify and categorize the organizational factors in the current landscape of physician-health system integration. We conducted a scoping review of the empirical literature on this topic, first surveying the theoretical perspectives that have been used in past studies in order to determine how theory has been used to explain and predict changing integration strategies over time. Second, we extracted factors that have been used to define the environment, physician group, hospital, care coordination, and health system success. From the 29 eligible articles, bargaining-market power theory and transaction cost theory were the predominant theories applied. We identified 48 organizational factors that comprise the landscape of physician-system integration. Our findings cumulated in a conceptual model that may help health care executives, policymakers, and researchers more effectively address the complexities of integration.
Social bullying in nursing academia: Addressing the phenomenon
Authors: Fuller Abigail
Published: September 2019

Social Bullying is a phenomenon that is becoming far too prevalent in nursing academia. It can steal the joy out of teaching and leave faculty feeling disrespected and marginalized. This article reviews the consequences of social bullying in nursing academia and cites the importance of nursing academia working together to find solutions to this problem.
The origin of resonance in the vertical component of earthquakes recorded on soft soil at Wainuiomata, New Zealand
Authors: Stephenson W. R.
Published: September 2019

Occasionally-observed resonances in the vertical components of earthquakes recorded at the Wainuiomata, New Zealand, soft site, are likely to be manifestations of the Airy phase of fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves which traverse the site. These packets of waves exist only when a soft, water-saturated layer of soil overlies a substrate with a much higher velocity. Other soft sites in Wellington also show the phenomenon, which may have implications for hazard estimates.
Effects of coupled vertical stiffness-strength irregularity due to modified interstorey height
Authors: Sadashiva Vinod K. , MacRae Gregory A. , Deam Bruce L.
Published: September 2019

Structures may have vertical stiffness or strength irregularity for many reasons. In many practical cases, a change in storey stiffness, results a change in strength at the same storey. In this paper, the effect of a change in interstorey height is quantified. In order to do this, relationships between storey stiffness and strength resulting due to a modified interstorey height for a few common lateral force resisting systems was considered. It was applied to simple shear-type structures of 3, 5, 9 and 15 storeys, assumed to be located in Wellington. All structures were considered to have a constant mass at every floor level. Both regular and irregular structures were designed in accordance with the Equivalent Static method of the current New Zealand seismic design Standard, NZS 1170.5. Regular structures were designed to either (i) produce a constant target interstorey drift ratio at all the storeys simultaneously or (ii) to have uniform stiffness distribution over the height of the structure, with the target interstorey drift ratio at the first storey. An “interstorey height ratio” was defined as the ratio of modified to initial interstorey height, and applied separately at the first storey, mid-height storey and at the topmost storey by amounts between 0.5 and 3. The modified structures were then redesigned until the target interstorey drift ratio was achieved at the critical storey/storeys. Design structural ductility factors of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, and target (design) interstorey drift ratios ranging between 0.5% and 3%, were used in this study. Inelastic dynamic time-history analysis was carried out by subjecting these structures to code design level earthquake records, and the maximum interstorey drift ratio demands due to each record were used to compare the responses of regular and irregular structures.

It was found that structural types in which only the storey stiffness was modified due to a change in the interstorey height produced the maximum increase in drift demands rather than structural forms with other stiffness-strength coupling cases. Shorter structures having an increased first storey height, and taller structures with an increased middle storey height generally produced greater interstorey drift demands than regular structures. For cases of increased storey stiffness due to decreased storey heights, the shorter structures with a decreased middle storey height resulted in higher median peak ISDR due to irregularity. A simple equation describing the maximum increase in response due to modifications to a storey height was developed. The equation was used along with the realistic correlations between storey stiffness and strength to obtain the governing code regularity limit.
Steps in earthquake proofing a country
Authors: MacRae G. A. , Myint U.T. , Jain S.K.
Published: September 2019

In many countries around the world, building and bridge structures with close proximity to known earthquake faults have been constructed with little consideration to the effects of strong ground shaking. This paper discusses some of the infrastructure and systems required in a country to prevent structural collapse, and hence major loss, in a major earthquake. The modus operandi of one group which seeks to reduce earthquake loss in these countries, the World Seismic Safety Initiative, is described. Finally, a case study is carried out on Myanmar where extraordinary strides that have been made toward earthquake risk reduction in a relatively short period of time.
Differentiation Strategy and Performance of Long-distance Bus Companies in Keny
Authors: Michael Ngala Orucho , Patricia Chemutai
Published: September 2019

Safe transport is an essential element to the development of an economy of any country. Transport enables

movement of people, services and goods, from one location to another one. In Kenya, majority of the population

who travel beyond three hundred (300) kilometres commonly use long distance bus service. Travelling for a long

distance in a poorly maintained bus can be quite uncomfortable. Some buses are normally over-packed with hard

seats, poor ventilation, overly slow or overly speedy and poor sanitation. Consequently, long distances need the

most comfortable travelling medium to at least not get over exhausted. In product differentiation strategy, a firm

seeks to be unique in its product offing compared to its competitors. This study sought to contribute to

knowledge by assessing the influence of differentiation strategy on performance of long-distance bus companies

in Kenya. Porter’s generic strategies are the main model anchoring the study. Cross-Sectional survey was used as

research design. The population of the study consists of fifty one (51) registered and licensed long distance bus

companies in Kenya. Primary and secondary data were collected by the use of a structured questionnaires and

review of regulatory bodies’ websites and availed documents. Correlation and regression analyses were used to

test hypotheses. Not all organizational performance determinants were included but balanced score card was

appropriately used to reflect non-financial and financial indicators. Results show that safety strategy has the most

significant influence on performance of long-distance bus companies in Kenya. This was followed by comfort

and reliability respectively. The significance of safety measures when it comes to transporting people is quite

critical. The central recommendation that the study offers as impetus to strategic management body of

knowledge, transport companies and policy makers is the need to consider safety measures as the most essential

differentiating features in transport management in order to win the confidence and loyalty of passengers thus

enhance performance. The major limitation of this study is that primary data was gathered from three (3) bus

company managers only per company. However, additional secondary data was used to validate primary data

hence reduce common bias.
Access and Reuse of Machine-Generated Data for Scientific Research
Authors: Giannopoulou Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Access and Reuse of Machine-Generated Data for Scientific Research

Data driven innovation holds the potential in transforming current business and knowledge discovery models. For this reason, data sharing has become one of the central points of interest for the European Commission towards the creation of a Digital Single Market. The value of automatically generated data, which are collected by Internet-connected objects (IoT), is increasing: from smart houses to wearables, machine-generated data hold significant potential for growth, learning, and problem solving. Facilitating researchers in order to provide access to these types of data implies not only the articulation of existing legal obstacles and of proposed legal solutions but also the understanding of the incentives that motivate the sharing of the data in question. What are the legal tools that researchers can use to gain access and reuse rights in the context of their research?
Airway management – a review of current methods, guidelines and equipment
Authors: Bargieł Dominik , Sejboth Justyna , Jurkiewicz-Śpiewak Anna , Szurlej Dariusz , Gurowiec Piotr , Romańska Aleksandra , Dąbrowski Marek
Published: September 2019

Maintaining airway patency is an essential issue in many fields of medicine. The modern approach to CPR, which
focuses on maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation was finally established by Peter Safar in his book ABC
of Resuscitation (1950). At present, along with the development of evidence-based medicine, techniques which
are proven to be clinically effective are regularly published in a convenient form – as bundles and guidelines.
Regarding airway management, ERC and DAS guidelines are the most reliable and useful sources of knowledge
and practical clinical advice. Among the medical staff, there is emphasis put on the mastery of AB C techniques.
Airway management is the first step in the resuscitation algorithm. It consists of a variety of procedures ranging
from simple and non-invasive to more complex, requiring professional training and experience. Currently,
the most clinically effective and life-saving actions are incorporated into whole procedures and bundles, such
as ERC or DAS guidelines, which are evenly checked, evaluated and, eventually, modified. This method of regular
revision allows us to keep all medical professionals at the same level of competence.
The aim of the study was to describe basic and advanced techniques, methods, and devices which are currently
used to provide it. Currently applicable guidelines regarding CPR and airway management were reviewed and
summarized.
The need for emotional awareness and a quantitative measure based on empirical research
Authors: Avramova – Todorova Gergana
Published: September 2019

Background: The scope of emotional competence and the definition of individual differences therein is still a matter of scientific debate. So, too, is the inclusion of emotional awareness as an important feature of emotional competence. Aim of the study: To explore levels of emotional awareness in relation to a predefined six factors model. This study will also examine the ability to measure emotional competence with empirical research. Material and methods: For this study, a self–report questionnaire (EA Q30) is used to s assesses emotional awareness in children. Here, emotional awareness is described as the “ability of people to differentiate, express, analyze and pay attention to their own emotions and those of others” emotions and those of others”. Participants were recruited as a representative group of N = 27 11-year-old children. Results: We found that scores in two dimensions –‘acting out emotions’ and ‘bodily awareness’, were lower in comparison to the other four dimensions from the emotional awareness measure. Conclusions: Individual differences in emotional awareness have shown to have a significant impact on important life outcomes for children and adolescents, including mental and physical health, successful academic behavior and achievement, and social relationships. It is important to proceed with attempts to measure emotional awareness in young people with valid empirical investigations, and to develop new models for emotional training that are capable of enhancing emotional functioning.
Health behaviours and life satisfaction of health spa patients
Authors: Grygiel Ewa , Cygnar Elżbieta , Zwolińska-Mirek Katarzyna , Mirek Janusz , Bigosińska Monika , Halska Urszula
Published: September 2019

Background: Determining the relationship between health behaviors and life satisfaction in patients who use health spas as an accurate measure of well-being (subjective well-being reflecting health condition) can be the basis for implementing preventive activities, setting trends for behavior modification, and monitoring changes in health-promoting practices. Aim of the study: To determine an empirical verification of the relationship between health behaviors and life satisfaction. Material and methods: The study included 123 women and men aged 32–80 years – all of whom were health spa patients. The Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) by Juczyński, and the Polish adaptation of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin were used to measure health behavior and life satisfaction, respectively. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between health behavior indicators and the level of life satisfaction in patients, as well as an increase in the practice of health behaviors with age. Gender appears to differentiate the frequency of the performance of health behaviors in the subjects. A higher overall rate of health behaviors was observed in females compared with males. For instance, females attached greater importance to healthy eating habits compared with males. However, a higher level of life satisfaction is associated with more intensified preventive behaviors in males. Conclusions: A health education program should take into account both the age and gender of health spa patients. It should also aim to not only develop health awareness, but also to include psychological factors, such as a sense of life satisfaction, which can strengthen patients’ beliefs in the importance of health-promoting activities.
Study of oxidative stress in ovarian cancer
Authors: Rashmi Bhivapure V. , Mukund Tayade B. , Shubhangi Dalvi M. , Neelam Yeram , Vinayak Patil W.
Published: September 2019

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer in the world and is often asymptomatic in its early stages. Development of ovarian cancer-specific biomarkers for the early detection of disease could improve the current dismal survival rate. Evaluation of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and oxidative stress in ovarian carcinoma patients may improve the prognosis of the disease through earlier detection. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to find the relative risk of ovarian cancer in patients screened for CA125, ALP, Nitric oxide (NO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker for lipid peroxidation. Material and methods: 451 subjects with ovarian cancer were screened for serum CA125 levels using a chemiluminescence analyser, out of which 164 showed values above 21 U/ml. 80 subjects with higher values were further analysed for MDA and NO using spectrophotometry and ALP by fully automated chemistry analyser. Results: The selected 80 subjects with CA125 values above 74 U/ml had increased ALP, NO and MDA, also showing positive correlation amongst these parameters. Conclusions: Benefits of CA125 screening vary with age group according to blood CA125 levels. Enzyme ALP levels are elevated with higher values of CA125. MDA and NO indicate oxidative stress and increase as the ovarian marker values increase. Positive correlation amongst the parameters indicates a significant increase in oxidative stress in ovarian cancer. For women with various CA125 levels in different age groups, screening and treatment depends upon individual decision and clinical examination.
Impact of classic massage on the pressure pain threshold- a preliminary study.
Authors: Wilk Iwona , Matuszewski Tomasz , Tarkowska Magdalena , Kassolik Krzysztof , Andrzejewski Waldemar , Kurpas Donata
Published: September 2019

Background: The pressure pain threshold (PPT) differs by muscle, depends on sex, age, and health status, and alters under the influence of disease. It is interesting to ask how and whether tissue sensitivity changes after the application of therapy. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to assess in healthy individuals the pressure sensitivity of muscles in the torso following a classic massage. Material and methods: A measurement of the pressure sensitivity of certain muscles of the back (the latissimus dorsi, the trapezius, and the spinal erector) was performed using an algometer before classic back massage and immediately after the procedure. A classic back massage was given to 60 healthy volunteers aged 20–47 years. The massage lasted 20 minutes and the major techniques were performed on selected superficial and deep muscles of the back. Results: The pressure sensitivity of the muscles decreased after the classic massage. Statistically significant changes were observed in the right (p < 0.001) and left (p = 0.002) spinal erectors; in the transverse part on both sides (p < 0.001), and in the descending part on both sides (p < 0.001) of the trapezius muscle; and in the right (p = 0.008) and left (p = 0.004) of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Conclusions: Classic massage alleviates tissue sensitivity to pressure in healthy individuals. It can be effective in cases of increased resting muscle tone accompanied by increased tissue sensitivity.
Selected models and the classification of health care systems
Authors: Rajfur Piotr
Published: September 2019

Health care is a fundamental element of each country’s social policy. It is mainly organised and implemented through the adoption of a certain political framework (defined objectives and priorities), strategic and operational management (planning, organising, motivating and controlling), and generation of resources (e.g. defined activities of collection and distribution of financial resources, training of medical professionals, and the purchase of technology and pharmaceuticals). These principles are either formulated on the basis of already functioning health care models or bespoke models are being created. An important element of a given model is to define its mission (the reasons for its creation and operation), while such elements as the functions, objectives, resources and methods of operation attribute to its individual properties and values. Health care systems may be organised differently. Their main distinguishing features are the ownership (public, private or mixed), sources of financing (public, private or mixed) and management (centralised, dispersed), or they can be structured with regard to political aspects (single-centric, multi-centric and pluralistic). This article, based on the latest scientific developments, presents the historical outline of the selected models for health care systems and the new concepts regarding their classification. The article also offers theoretical analyses of those health systems, which have become the models for others. The aim of this article is to present the classification and the characteristics of the selected models for health care systems, both from the historical perspective and the perspective of those currently in operation. The documents analysis method was used, which included the leading positions in the Polish and foreign literature, in the field of the issues addressed, as well as the literature published by the related institutions. This topic is already being discussed within the literature of the subject, nevertheless it is still relevant and, due to its undeniable importance, deserves further examination because it directly or indirectly concerns every human being.
Assessment of various aspects of using protocols in intensive care units in Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Authors: Lalova Valentina , Petrova Gergana , Merdzhanova Elena
Published: September 2019

Background: Since 1950 intensive care has become a separate and independent specialty. Significant technological
advances have allowed the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)s to be monitored through the centralized work of a
multidisciplinary team of specialists. ICUs provide cares at different levels of support. To provide patient access
to this highly specialized cares, the “Critical care without walls” or “Intensive Care without Borders” theories
have emerged, involving reanimation nurses offering highly specialized care and support. Protocols for nurses
have been developed, with the aim of facilitating their day-to-day activities, improving outcomes and safety of
patients and all staff. Utilizing this concept, the role of intensive care has rapidly expanded over the past 20 years.
Aim of the study: To understand the effectiveness and benefits derived from organisation of the working process.
Material and methods: We used documentary and survey methods and analysed the data using the software
package SPSS v. 21.0. Graphics were prepared using Microsoft Excel 2013. Numbers from 1 to 5 refer to the
answers “no”, “not really”, “cannot judge”, “closer to yes” and “yes”, respectively.
Results: Nurses’ performance, as an integral part of multidisciplinary ICU teams, is evidence that mortality
and morbidity can be improved thanks to the early recognition of patient deterioration and rapid resuscitation.
The better healing process is accomplished by optimising the content and evaluation of the desired results, in
association with good doctor practices. Respondents’ opinions about outcomes of protocol use differed significantly
between professions in regard to making their job easier, improving patient outcomes, providing consistency
in care, and preventing patient harm.
Conclusions: A more flexible and standard framework for nurses should be developed to improve quality of
care. The rapidly growing lack of ICU nurses in Bulgaria is concerning.
The role of primary care physicians and nurses in convincing patients to participate in a colorectal cancer screening program in a Polish coordinated care organization: a questionnaire-based study
Authors: Guzek Marika , Szafraniec-Buryło Sylwia , Wyrębiak Adrianna , Kowalczyk Dorota , Bukato Grzegorz , Prusaczyk Artur , Żuk Paweł , Czech Marcin , Kurpas Donata
Published: September 2019

Background: Medical assistants/care coordinators play a crucial role in the coordinated care system. The tasks of nurses and some qualified supporting staff have been extended to include this role along with the implementation of the pilot program POZ Plus in Polish primary healthcare. A personalized approach to the patient is especially important during the implementation of large-scale prevention programs. Aim of the study: To assess who has the greatest influence on the patient’s decision to undergo screening colonoscopy and outline the current and potential roles of nurses in this process. Material and methods: This questionnaire-based study was conducted at the coordinated care facility Medical and Diagnostic Center (CMD) in Siedlce, Poland between March 1st and June 15th, 2017. Results: 138 patients participated in the study. The majority (75; 54.4%) reported they were directly convinced to undergo colonoscopy by a primary care physician. 18 (13.0%) were convinced by a nurse, and 22 (15.9%) by another specialist. The remaining (23; 16.7%) patients indicated other factors. The majority of patients (74; 53.6%) responded saying that all necessary information about the entire test course was provided by the nurse, while 35 (25.4%) shared that this information had come from the primary care physician, 8 (5.80%) from the specialist doctor, 3 (2.17%) from the receptionist and 18 (13.0%) from other sources of information, such as the Internet, leaflets and notice boards. Conclusions: We found that primary care physicians at this institution have an important role in convincing patients to undergo preventive colonoscopy, while nurses provide key information to patients on the preparation and the course of this procedure. Although the current model seems to be effective in a coordinated care setting, there may be still a place for nurse care coordinators to take on some tasks previously performed by doctors.
Actual Questions of the Hungarian Private Security Market
Authors: Christián László , Bartóki-Gönczy Balázs
Published: September 2019

Security implies a stable and relatively predictable environment, in which an individual or group may pursue its ends without disruption or harm and without fear or injury. This paper intends to summarize the place of private security in the Hungarian law enforcement system, arguing that it is a very important complementary element of the security mechanism. In our view, law enforcement is not only police administration; it covers a more complex activity, the implementation of which is shared between police service and other complementary law enforcement services. As such, private security is an important additional security mechanism in society and, together with other public and private policing/security organisations, part of contemporary
plural policing family. However, despite the growing importance and need for prosperity and high-quality private security, the market suffers from several anomalies. First of all, the legislation suffers a considerable drawback, making it impossible for those in the trade to fulfil their duty. The Hungarian Chamber of Bodyguards, Property Protection and Private Detectives is supposed to play an important role in the private security as a professional representative organisation. However, since the cancellation of mandatory membership, it has lost significance. Another difficulty for private security companies and the whole sector is labor shortage. The number of certified agents is decreasing dramatically. Finally, we present how the current harmonization of the Act of Private Security with the GDPR might lead to legal uncertainty with regard to the use of electronic surveillance system.
Lyell’s syndrome as a factor which escalates the risk of laryngotracheal stenosis and atresia after intubation
Authors: Nowak Nel , Kotowski Michał , Sroczyński Jakub , Szydłowski Jarosław
Published: September 2019

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) also known as Lyell’s Syndrome is a rare, acute hypersensitivity reaction characterized by cutaneous and mucosal necrosis. Lyell’s syndrome is self limited, but potentially recurrent disease. The mortality for toxic epidermal necrolysis is approaching to 30%.[1]
Subglottic stenosis is the most common anomaly of larynx and trachea requiring tracheostomy in pediatric population. Subglottic part of larynx is the narrowest section of laryngotracheal area of airways in childhood.[5] It is estimated that most of subglottic stenosis cases is acquired and developed as a result of injury caused by long-term use of endotracheal tube.
A 2-year-old patient admitted to our Clinic of Children’s Otolaryngology after long treatment for TEN because of problems with breathing without tracheostomy tube. Because of the results of bronchofiberoscopy patient has been sent to our Clinic of Children’s Otolaryngology. We performed laryngotracheoscopy which showed transglottic, subglottic and proximal part of tracheal stenosis and complete atresia of trachea above tracheostomy tube. Result of MRI examination was described as complete atresia of trachea which was 4 mm long and located above tracheostomy tube. Our patient was classified for open surgery intervention- partial cricotracheal resection with reconstruction (CTR).
Latest improvements about construction of endotracheal tube and rules of procedures reduced frequency of subglottic stenosis to less than 1%.[11] There are no statistics or medical reports about tracheal atresia caused by intubation or Lyell’s syndrome. This situation forced us to recognise Lyell’s syndrome and endotracheal intubation overlapping on each other as a cause of medical state of our patient.
Do objeto parcial ao significante fálico: uma leitura lacaniana de Melanie Klein
Authors: Lucero Ariana , Vorcaro Angela Maria Resende
Published: September 2019

O artigo pretende retomar a leitura que Jacques Lacan faz da teoria kleiniana. Partiremos da crítica ao seio como primeiro objeto das relações objetais até chegarmos ao falo intervindo desde o início nas relações da mãe com a criança. Procuraremos mostrar como a tese lacaniana a respeito do significante fálico encontra suporte nas observações de Melanie Klein, que fornecem elementos para pensar no pênis do pai como primeiro substituto do seio materno, atuando, desde o princípio, no interior do corpo materno. A precocidade do complexo de Édipo é, então, abordada em ambos os autores, com o intuito de evidenciar a ação do significante nos primórdios da constituição subjetiva. O que nos leva a interrogar, por fim, se a substituição da relação de objeto pela incidência do significante esgota a questão do objeto na psicanálise.