bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibrating the Human Instrument: Understanding the Interviewing Experience of Novice Qualitative Researchers
Authors: Peredaryenko Margarita , Krauss Steven
Published: March 2021

Scientific instruments often undergo calibration to ensure that they will produce results that meet or exceed defined criteria within a specified degree of confidence. Such calibration almost always refers to mechanical instruments, those used primarily in the physical sciences. Rarely is the notion of calibration used in relation to the social and human sciences, especially in the context of qualitative research where the human being is the main research instrument. The focus of this study was to explore the experiences of novice human instruments undergoing a process similar to that of calibration. In doing so, we studied how novice qualitative researchers perceived themselves as the research instrument in the process of their first qualitative interviewing experiences. The findings from interviews with four such novices were that their initial calibration gravitated towards one of two states — being “researcher - centered” or “informant - centered .” Their proximity to either of these two states was determined by how they identified with each of four dimensions: (a) where the knowledge of the phenomenon under study lies; (b) what kind of response the researcher received from his/her informants; (c) what kind of information the researcher is looking for; and (d) what kind of information the researcher eventually receives. The middle position on the continuum of states between researcher - centeredness and informant - centeredness is dis cussed in relation to complexity theory.
Using I Poems to Hear the Voices and Understand the Actions of EdD Students Conducting Action Research
Authors: Zambo Ron , Zambo Debby
Published: March 2021

There is a movement to redefine and refocus the Educational Doctorate to improve its effectiveness in producing scholarly practitioners, that is, individuals who have the ability to blend their practical wisdom and professional knowledge to identify, frame , and solve the problems of practice they face. The EdD at Arizona State University has chosen action research as its signature pedagogy to help students develop the habits of the mind, hands and heart they need to be effective leaders. This paper describes the program and provides six I Poems developed from dissertation proposals. I Poems helped us come closer to each student’s world and uncover the complexities, nuances, and tensions of their individual situations. I poems developed for this manuscript revealed that students worked to find space and time for teachers to collaborate, gain an inquiry stance, and grow; helped children become passionate about literacy; and increased parental involvement to help children pass mandated tests. Students acting as scholarly practitioners approached problems in their workplaces from a variety of viewpoints to enact positive change. This study has implications for doctoral program development, action research, and the value of poetry as data and methodology.
Alive in the Reading: Nayaran and Chekhov
Authors: Ecke Laurie
Published: March 2021

Kirin Nayaran's Alive in the Writing: Crafting Ethnography in the Company of Chekhov is a five - section book about finding "company amid the often isolating and difficult aspects of writing" (p. xiii). As an English Literature major, I recall the basic tenets of story - writing: plot, setting, and characterization. Narayan's chapters offer a kinder entry. "Story and Theory" invoke Anton Chekhov as an ethnographic companion offering expertise about the essentials of writing a good story. "Place," "Person," and "Voice" take the innocent writer further in to the power of writing, until "Self" provides a denouement of sorts, when the reader finally realizes that learning to write with Narayan, Chekhov, and a host of others was actually a foray into ethnography itself. This book is at once an insightful textbook, an inspiring read, and an ethnographic experience.
The Therapeutic Interview Process in Qualitative Research Studies
Authors: Nelson Judith , Onwuegbuzie Anthony , Wines Lisa , Frels Rebecca
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to describe the systemic strategies used in marriage and family therapy relevant to interviews, via what we call the therapeutic interview process, that expand the meaning of a research study for both the counselor researcher and the participant(s). We outline the therapeutic interview process for conducting transformative - based interviews via similar strategies from a family systems perspective conceptualized by Charlés (2007). The central core of the interview process is the therapeutic conversation itself that involves the systemic whole. This therapeutic conversation is facilitated by debriefing interviews, whereby the counselor researcher is interviewed to promote reflexivity.
A Tool Also for Linguists: A Review of Paul Sullivan’s Qualitative Data Analysis Using a Dialogical Approach
Authors: Goertz Grandon
Published: March 2021

Paul Sullivan (2013) introduces a method of speech analysis that uses a dialogical approach, which is distinguished from critical discourse analysis, phenomenological analysis, and grounded theory by its hermeneutic of trust. In this approach, data is analyzed using a pairing of bureaucratic and theoretical methods that indicates in the speech where the key moments are and where intonation expresses meaning. In the evaluation process subjectivity is defined and described. The types of data that would be especially suited to this approach include interviews, focus group speech, and conversation. This dialogic approach also has applications in the field of linguistics.
One Head – Many Hats: Expectations of a Rural Superintendent
Authors: Copeland Jim
Published: March 2021

Although urban and suburban school superintendents serve the largest group of students in terms of sheer numbers of schoolchildren, there are actually more superintendents serving in rural school districts in the United States. I examined the expected roles or “hats” of the rural superintendent by collecting data from several districts located in NE Colorado. Interviews of school board members and superintendents provided data, which suggested that the expected roles of a rural superintendent are multiple and varied. Five major themes or “hats” emerged that rural communities expected their superintendent to wear. These themes or hats included those of manager, planner, listener, communicator, and community involvement. Included in each of these major themes were many subcategories of hats that are forced on the heads of rural superintendents by their communities and by events that occur daily. This study suggests that there are differences in the expectations of rural superintendents from those serving urban or suburban districts. Administrator training programs at colleges and universities might better serve those students aspiring to rural superintendent positions by offering a specialization in rural school administration or at least offering a separate course designed to cover these unique expectations.
Surviving: One Family’s Experience with Cancer
Authors: Denmon Jennifer
Published: March 2021

People experience trauma in many ways. Discussing the trauma in the form of illness narratives can be beneficial, not only to the patient, but for their families as well (Hydén, 1997). Illness narratives are becoming more popular in the medical field, but mostly are written from the perspective of the patient and their spouse. Little is written from the perspective of the children. In this article, my immediate family and I write our narratives detailing the experience of my father’s cancer. Major themes that emerged from our stories are disbelief, unreliable memories, wanting to forge ahead, and a stronger family. Although we experienced the same event, our narratives differ. By sharing our perspectives, we were able to further heal. Illness narratives can be therapeutic but should be critically examined, as memories are not always trustworthy.
Feeling Elite: The Collective Effervescence of TEAM USA at the 2012 ITU World Triathlon Grand Final
Authors: Faure Caroline , Appleby Karen , Ray Beverly
Published: March 2021

Collective effervescence is an amplified, excited reaction made possible when a group of people experience something emotional together. We used a descriptive mixed methods approach to investigate both the individual and collective emotions of Team USA age group triathletes as they participated in the 2012 International Triathlon Union’s (ITU’s) Grand Final in Auckland, New Zealand. The results of our study suggest that participation in this event evoked emotions consistent with the themes of Intrinsic Arousal, Anxiety, National Pride, and Social Arousal. Further, the results indicated that this group of experienced athletes was less motivated by performance outcome goals (i.e., placing in the top three) and more motivated by the individual and collective emotions associated with being a member of Team USA and representing the USA on a national stage. While some have suggested that the more elite athletes may be more attuned to their emotional states than less accomplished competitors, we found the very nature of the Grand Final as a world championship event, coupled with the symbols and rituals associated with Team USA membership, provided age group athletes a rare chance to experience similar states.
Teacher Technology Narratives: Native Hawaiian Views on Education and Change
Authors: Yong D. , Hoffman Ellen
Published: March 2021

Narrative inquiry is a method by which "silenced voices" may be heard. In this study, eight Native Hawaiian teachers share their experiences of the Hawaiian Language Immersion Program (HLIP), or Papahana Kaiapuni, within the Hawai‘i public school system. The teachers describe change over time in HLIP with a focus on technology and their perceptions of how it has enhanced preservation of the Hawaiian language. By giving voice to their views on indigenous culture and teaching, the stories provide a rich and nuanced view of growth and school reform as framed by the teachers' own words. Themes of commitment to students and community, and a renewal of Hawaiian language and culture are central elements in each teacher's story. Technology is seen as a tool that can be adapted to meet the demands of the schools and community, but only when shaped by Hawaiian values and intentional human agency.
Recruitment in Qualitative Public Health Research: Lessons Learned During Dissertation Sample Recruitment
Authors: Namageyo-Funa Apophia , Rimando Marylen , Brace Andrea , Christiana Richard , Fowles Tiffany , Davis Teaniese , Martinez Lourdes , Sealy Diadrey-Anne
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to describe the recruitment challenges faced by eight public health graduate students when conducting qualitative dissertation research. The authors summarize their dissertation studies, describe recruitment challenges, and provide strategies and recommendations used to address challenges. The authors identified twelve recruitment issues which they grouped into three major categories: (a) obtaining consent; (b) working with gatekeepers; and (c) accessing participants. The authors propose three recommendations to consider in participant recruitment, which are: (a) collaborate with gatekeepers; (b) use additional recruitment tools; and (c) understand your target population. The compilation of experiences from multiple graduate students from a diverse selection of topics provides valuable insight and resources when planning a qualitative research study in the field of public health.
Technology and Teaching: A Conversation among Faculty Regarding the Pros and Cons of Technology
Authors: Kemp Andrew , Preston John , Page C. , Harper Rebecca , Dillard Benita , Flynn Joseph , Yamaguchi Misato
Published: March 2021

Technology is often touted as the savior of education (Collins & Haverson, 2009). However, is technology the panacea that it is made out to be? This paper is an extended conversation among a group of faculty members at three different universities and their attitudes and beliefs about technology and education. Three professors shared their pro-technology stance and three took a less favorable view. The contents of the conversation were then analyzed by a neutral party to extract the various themes that emerged. What was discovered was that were three major threads to the conversation: technology and educational access, online education, and technology and instructional strategies. While there was little agreement, throughout the evolution of the conversation, both sides began to understand each other a little more.
Tweeting, Texting, and Facebook Postings: Stirring the Pot with Social Media to Make Drama - Case Study and Participant Observation
Authors: Allen Kathleen
Published: March 2021

This study of adolescent social drama is located at the intersection of research on adolescent peer relationships, group behaviors, youth culture, and mediated communication. An emergent construct, drama has been conceptualized as social interactions characterized by overreaction, exaggeration, excessive emotionality, prolongation, inclusion of extraneous individuals, inflated importance, and temporary relevance. This case study and participant observation involve a 15-year-old, white, middle class female and her mother. The purpose was two-fold: To determine if the events described map on to existing understandings of drama and to develop emergent themes and hypotheses through grounded theory analysis and ethnographic observation that might expand knowledge of drama. Findings suggest that this case reflects current understandings of drama. Emergent themes suggest that drama may also involve highly emotional group experiences and that while drama may be temporary and short-lived, it may also create a backdrop for additional problematic events.
Undertaking as a Concrete Enquiry: A Review of Penny Tinkler's Using Photographs in Social and Historical Research
Authors: Tayaben Jude
Published: March 2021

In this book review I addressed the utilization of this method as a qualitative enquiry. I highlighted the relevance and significant gaps of the discussions of this book. In using photographs in social and historical research is another undertaking especially to researchers engaging with people, and intends to capture the very essence of experience or certain phenomena. This book realized all the important discourse on how to start the method, to structure, the processes and analysis until its important implications.
Forensic Accounting Investigation of Public Sector Corruption in Nigeria: The Gioia Methodology
Authors: Suleiman Naziru , Othman Zaleha Bte
Published: March 2021

Despite the increased initiatives to combat corruption, the issue of corruption in the public sector in Nigeria persists. Past studies have found that one of the flaws is due to the ineffective investigation method. Given the seriousness of the issue, this study explores how forensic accounting investigation conducted by the authorities could assist the government in its initiatives to combat corruption in Nigeria. This study aimed at developing a model for improving the investigation of public sector corruption in Nigeria using forensic accounting techniques. Forensic accounting is a technique for detecting and investigating fraudulent practices in organizations and preparing evidence for expert witnessing at the court of law. In doing so, the Gioia Methodology was used to explore the understanding of the process of how forensic accounting is used to investigate corruption cases. We conducted a total of 24 face-to-face interviews with experts from the two leading anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission of Nigeria (EFCC), the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC). We conducted in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants to gain an insightful data structure. The data structure led to the emergence of a dynamic model depicting the relationship among themes and the aggregate dimensions. The study revealed four aggregate dimensions, commitment of national values, judicial reform, a preventive mechanism and financial commitment. The study recommends future studies to be conducted using quantitative research to test the model developed.
Experiencing The Space: Visiting Cemeteries On All Saints’ Day and an Ordinary Day
Authors: Konecki Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

This paper is a description of collaborative research that was done together with students during the class “Contemplative Sociology. Experiencing Self, No-Self and the Lifeworld.” The goal of the research was to introduce the students to the contemplative methods that could be used to research lived experiences and the vision of the lifeworld through contemplation of the mind, bodily sensations, and emotions. A project was started on experiencing the cemetery space. The space for experiencing was chosen to sensitize the students to concerns (such as death, religious holidays, everyday life, suffering, etc.) that could be investigated from the first-person perspective by using contemplation as an alternative to survey-sociological methods, psychological methods and ethnography. The students learned the contemplative techniques of meditation, body awareness, self- observation, and self-description to face their concerns, including the ultimate ones. However, the main concern was the role of the mind, body and emotions in cognition and creating the mood.
Designed Generalization from Qualitative Research
Authors: Falk Ian , Guenther John
Published: March 2021

In our earlier work on generalizing from qualitative research (GQR) we identified our two-decade struggle to have qualitative research outcomes formally “listened to” by policy personnel and bureaucratic systems in general, with mixed success. The policy sector often seems reluctant to acknowledge that qualitative research findings can be generalized, so impacts tend to be informal or simply ignored. The “official” methodological literature on generalizing from qualitative research is epitomized by Lincoln and Guba’s (1985) still oft quoted, “The only generalization is: there is no generalization” (p. 110). We now understand there are many alternative possibilities for generalizing. In this paper we hope to provide a platform for discussion on GQR. We suggest Normative Truth Statements (NTS) as a foundation. NTSs, used in our proposed generalizability cycle, are a potential key to ensuring designated qualitative research methodology provides a capacity for generalization—and therefore be considered as a valid form of evidence in policy decisions. In other words, we need a platform to articulate how to design qualitative research to maximize the type and scope of generalizability outcomes, referred to here as Designed Generalization from Qualitative Research (DGQR). Five steps of DGQR, using progressive NTSs in the generalizability cycle, are proposed as a way forward in understanding how generalizing from qualitative research may be made more transparent, accountable, and useful. The five steps are illustrated by reference to two example studies.
Emotional Overload! A Dialogic Autoethnography of Scholar-Participant-Consumer Reactions to the Marketing of Thanatourism
Authors: Lloyd-Parkes Elizabeth , Deacon Jonathan , Grant Alec , Thomas Simon
Published: March 2021

The terms “thanatourism” and “dark tourism” relate to visiting places of human tragedy, which are increasingly developed as tourist destinations. There is a need to trouble thanatouristic assumptions through sharing and discussing lived experiences. These challenge the simplistic mechanistic marketing and conventional research practices of thanatourism. This dialogic autoethnographic study responds to this need, addressing thanatourism from the subjective and emotional perspectives of “insider” scholar-participant-consumers. Two interactive dialogic stories are presented by the lead and second authors, with the fourth providing a theoretically informed response. In the final section, the third author, an experienced autoethnographer and outsider to the thanatouristic topic and context, interrogates the lead author on concepts and issues emerging in the autoethnographic dialogue. Through engaging with this study, the reader is offered a multilayered, polysemic, emotionally provocative account of the ethical interface between thanatourism, consumer behaviour and marketing practices, and an exemplar model for future autoethnographic work.
Fakultativna međunarodna pravila u oblasti ugovornog prava reosiguranja
Authors: Jovanovic Slobodan , Uzelac Ozren
Published: March 2021

The state of reinsurance contract law as unregulated has continued to this day. One of the reasons for reluctance in adopting particular legislation for reinsurance contracts lies in the fact that it is a legal job between professionals − two legal entities who have adequate professional knowledge and who do not need a specifi c legal framework to regulate their legal relationship. However, aft er the outbreak of the World Financial Crisis at the end of 2007, it became apparent that the fi nancial sector had to submit to stricter rules on risk management and providing suffi cient capital to cover them, unless possibleotherwise. In this regard, an initiative for formulation of the appropriate reinsurance contract law at supranational level was launched in 2015. Th e fi rst version of the Principle of Contract Reinsurance Law published in November 2019 is the subject of attention in this paper. In this paper, the authors investigate the content and eff ect of the provisions of these Rules, but do not analyze in more detail relevant provisions of the Rules of International Trade Agreements of the International Institute for the Unifi cation of Private Law of 2016, which apply supplementary to the reinsurance contract law. In this research, the authors primarily considered the aforementioned solutions and their eff ect on the rights and obligations of the reinsurer and the reinsured, with reference to the views of legal reinsurance theory.
ELEMENTAL, PHASE, AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF GALLSTONES WITH HIATAL HERNIAS IN PATIENTS OF KHARKIV REGION
Authors: Dikiy N.P. , Bereznyak E.P. , Boyko V.V. , Medvedeva E.P. , Parhomenko K.Yu. , Parhomenko T.A. , Hodyreva Y.S.
Published: March 2021

Gamma activation method on linac NSC KIPT, IR-spectrometry and crystal-optical investigations have been used to determinate the content of elements, the phase analysis and structural features of a different organic and inorganic compound in gallstones of patients with hiatal hernia in Kharkiv region. It is shown that it is possible to establish the presence in gallstones of such compounds as bilirubin and its salts, calcium phosphates, calcium carbonate, and different microelements. In the main, the patients of the Kharkiv region have gallstones of mixed type with a combination of cholesterol, calcium carbonate bilirubinate.
Unrecognised underlying condition for COVID-19: perspective study of meridian and M-shaped male baldness
Authors: Zhou Wen Sheng , Zhang Jian Bin
Published: March 2021

Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is observed as a high severity risk factor but not listed within underlying COVID-19 conditionsdue to scanty available evidence. From a Chinese medicine (CM) perspective, the pathogenesis of MAA is overlapping with many recognised underlying conditions. This article compares CM meridian theory with MAA pattern progression to illustrate 1) the morphological and topographical superposition between the MAA progressing pattern and CM meridians, 2) damp-heat dominated body constitution presences among MAA patients as well as some underlying COVID-19 conditions, 3) vulnerable body type should be alerted and recognised to avoid an increase in infectious severity rate. The fundamental acupuncture points of treatment are provided for a concrete clarification of MAA.
The Effects Of Social Engineering On Enterprise Security
Authors: Jackson Taurus
Published: March 2021

The focus of this research was to explore present control methods and solutions used throughout technology-based, healthcare-based, and manufacturing-based organizations in southwest Georgia to determine their effectiveness for reducing potential threats. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions are used to explore 30 information technology professionals' lived experiences with IT security policies and procedures. Two research questions guided the qualitative exploratory case study: How important is social engineering and enterprise security to the organization? and How are organizations evaluating and managing existing organizational solutions? Several themes emerged: (a) lack of education and inadequate information can affect the decision-making process, (b) response times from management is a key factor in reducing threats, (c) a sense of failure is always present, (d) failed IT policy management can increase organizational vulnerability, and (e) social engineering still has a negative stigma in the business environment. The findings suggest that although steps were made to change the perception of social engineering and enterprise security, additional work is needed to ensure employees are aware of how social engineering and enterprise security can affect their organization productivity. Key Words: Information systems, information technology, social engineering, enterprise security, control methods, policies, procedures, management
Be-With-Me-Followership Skill: An Exegetical Analysis Of Mark 3:13-19
Authors: Akhilele Seth
Published: March 2021

The paper focused on how followers can employ be-with-me-followership skill to glean information and directions from their leader or mentor to become who they ought to be. The 12 disciples' work relationship model with Jesus was adopted from the pericope Mark 3:13-19. Using a narrative approach, an exegetical analysis was employed to source data from the selected pericope. The exegetical data found was then intersected with the similar experiences of Elisha, Ruth, and Joshua. The lessons learned from the study include be-with-me-followership skill, drivers of be-with-me skill: realization that one has something to learn and seeing a mentor in a leader. Also, the study results showed that those who demonstrated be-with-me-followership skill eventually become who they ought to be. The study findings also revealed that adverse conditions and uncertainty could be used to test for subordinates/followers with be-with-me-followership skill. Keywords: Be-with-me-followership skill, leader, follower.
Effect Of Body-Worn Cameras On African-American Perceptions Of Police Performance And Fairness
Authors: Smith Yolanda
Published: March 2021

This research study examined the effect of body-worn cameras on African American perceptions of police performance and fairness to gain a well-rounded understanding of the public's perception of body-worn cameras. Prior research involving police body-worn cameras focused on police use of force and community perceptions. Limitations within previous research call for further investigation into African American perceptions of the police and consider the role body-worn cameras play in affecting that perception. Using procedural justice theory, I focused on body-worn cameras and their effect on African-American perceptions of police performance and fairness. Employing a quantitative, non-experimental research design and surveying 124 African-American adult participants 18 years and older, I found that African-Americans favor police officers who wear body-worn cameras. Future research suggests incorporating a greater sample size, thereby strengthening the validity and improving generalizability. Policy implications suggest that studying body-worn cameras may add additional research to the knowledge base and help law enforcement understand the relationship between police officers who wear body-worn cameras and African-Americans perceptions of police treatment when body-worn cameras are present. Keywords: African-American, body-worn cameras, police performance, fairness, procedural justice
Überlegungen zur Schutzdauer
Authors: Gürtler Lutz
Published: March 2021

Als Reaktion auf eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion werden vorwiegend Antikörper gegen die Rezeptor-bindende Domäne des S1-Teils des Spike-Proteins, das Nukleokapsid und die Chymotrypsin-ähnliche Protease gebildet. Die T-Zell-Reaktion richtet sich neben der S1-Domäne und M-, N- und ORF-Protein-Epitope in stärkerem Ausmaß auch gegen die S2-Domäne, was eine Erklärung für den milderen Verlauf bei Kindern sein könnte.
Ursache (noch) ungeklärt
Authors: Ambrosch Andreas
Published: March 2021

Kinder und Jugendliche können nach durchgemachter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion an einem multisystemischen Entzündungssyndrom erkranken: Es ist gekennzeichnet durch hohes Fieber, gastrointestinale Symptome und kann mit einer eingeschränkten Dysfunktion des linken Herzventrikels einhergehen. Die Pathogenese ist unbekannt, jedoch zeigen sich Parallelen zum Kawasaki-Syndrom, einer systemischen Entzündung kleiner Arterien.
Comparison of Numerical Simulation of Epidemiological Model between Euler Method with 4th Order Runge Kutta Method
Authors: Ashgi Rizky , Pratama Mochammad Andhika Aji , Purwani Sri
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 has become global pandemic in the world. Since its appearance, many researchers in world try to understand the disease, including mathematics researchers. In mathematics, many approaches are developed to study the disease. One of them is to understand the spreading of the disease by constructing an epidemiology model. In this approach, a system of differential equations is formed to understand the spread of the disease from a population. This is achieved by using the SIR model to solve the system, two numerical methods are used, namely Euler Method and 4th order Runge-Kutta. In this paper, we study the performance and comparison of both methods in solving the model. The result in this paper that in the running process of solving it turns out that using the euler method is faster than using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method and the differences of solutions between the two methods are large.
Developing critical citizenship in LLB students: the role of a decolonised legal history course
Authors: Mitchell Lize-Mari
Published: March 2021

Within the neoliberal ideals of society, social science subjects are battling for their rightful place in curriculums. As a result, legal history courses are being presented by increasingly less universities in South Africa. In the tendency towards a skills-based LLB, higher education institutions are neglecting to acknowledge the immense impact students’ ideologies and critical thinking will have on the future of South Africa. This contribution argues that it is not only possible to deliver competitive graduates, to retain social subjects and to heed the call for decolonisation, but that a transformative, decolonised legal history course is vital to these ideals. The contribution explores the role of such a course in the development of LLB graduates where it strives towards constitutional ideals and social justice. Furthermore, it takes a look at legal history as a form of critical citizenship education, where it is based on the holistic development of students within constant critical self-reflection and the promotion of a common set of shared values. The development of critical citizenship in students are explored by defining this concept, as well as by discussing the manner in which it can be taught and the importance to the so-called born-free LLB student. This study concludes with broad outlines of the manner in which a legal history course would have to be presented within a critical pedagogy to achieve the aims of critical citizenship.
“What’s past is prologue”: an historical overview of judicial review in South Africa – part 2
Authors: Pretorius D M
Published: March 2021

This contribution explores the historical origins and development of judicial review in South Africa, as an indication of shifts in relations between – and of the relative legal and political powers of – the three branches of state. It also provides bibliographical details of sources chronicling these historical processes. The first part focused mainly on constitutional review, namely the power of the law courts to test the validity of statutes against constitutional criteria. This second part analyses the historical development of administrative law, especially the common-law evolution of judicial review of the decision-making processes of organs of state, and how that process unfolded reciprocally with political shifts in twentieth-century South Africa. There is also a synopsis of the introduction of administrative law as a discrete subject in South African law schools. Finally, this contribution briefly explores historical aspects of the role of interpretation of statutes in the context of administrative law, and briefly touches on special statutory review as distinct from common-law review.
Disaster Management in University Libraries of India and Pakistan
Authors: Kaur Trishanjit
Published: March 2021

Natural disasters can strike without warning anytime anywhere anyone. There are different types of disasters. The economic losses caused by these disasters are mainly more expensive for developing countries that are vulnerable to the disasters like India and Pakistan in this case. Different types of libraries including university libraries and museums are priceless storehouses of knowledge, which once lost could be lost forever. Disaster planning needs to be done in university libraries to save the knowledge for future generations. This is true for all types of libraries everywhere. To study the situation of disaster management in university libraries of India and Pakistan literature review will be done. Information from various websites of both the countries will be collected. Regarding information on university libraries in Pakistan emails will be sent to select university librarians to find out whether they have any disaster management plans and similar studies be searched in professional literature. Initial review of literature shows a nearly similar infrastructural planning in both the countries at central and state government level. Disaster management is an ignored subject in Pakistan as stated by leading newspaper Dawn. Very few papers on this subject are available from Pakistan and intensive and exhaustive review of literature can lead to valid conclusion. In India this was an ignored area but after tsunami there has been awareness at all levels. Majority of the university libraries are ignorant about this important aspect of library planning but there are a few where this is being practiced. This study will highlight similarities and gaps between the approaches to disaster management in university libraries of these two neighbouring countries with nearly similar disaster conditions.
Salivary Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: F. Mohammad , M. Sbaih Hala , J. Saadh Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide; it can be successfully treated in the early stages. Screening for cancer should be performed in safe, accurate, cost-effective, and non-invasive techniques and therefore achieved the patient convenience. The salivary diagnosis could be a promising era in oncological fields, which have some correlations with serum biomarkers in certain cancers. In this paper, we reviewed some of the salivary biomarkers in detecting different cancers and their origins [genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiota].
Derin Öğrenme Tabanlı Antivirüs Modellerinin Açık Kaynak Kodlu Çekişmeli Atak Kütüphaneleri Kullanılarak Atlatılması
Authors: ERDOĞAN Fatih , ALICI Mert Can
Published: March 2021

Gelişen teknoloji ve internetin gelişmesi ile birlikte; insanların bu gelişen teknolojiyi kullanım oranının artması, kullanıcıları ve sistemlerini siber saldırganlar tarafından hedef haline getirmektedir. Siber saldırganlar tarafından kullanılan en etkili atak yöntemlerinden biri zararlı yazılımlardır. Zararlı yazılımlar aracılığı ile kişi ve kurumlara ait sistemler ele geçirilebilir, farklı enfeksiyonlara sebep olunarak daha büyük çaplı ataklar gerçekleştirilebilir. Bu saldırılar karşısında siber güvenlik firmaları tarafından geliştirilen yapay zeka tabanlı son jenerasyon antivirüs yazılımlarının yüzde yüz başarılı olamadığı görülmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen ilgili çalışmada; zararlı yazılım ve zararlı ofansif araçlara uygulanacak çekişmeli(adversarial) ataklar sonucunda üretilecek çekişmeli örnekler sayesinde, geliştirilen yapay zeka tabanlı son jenerasyon güvenlik ürünlerinin başarılı bir şekilde atlatılabildiği gözlemlenmiştir.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDIATION IN COMPLETING DIVORCE CASES IN JAMBI PROVINCIAL RELIGIOUS COURT
Authors: Alkaff Fitriyah , Ritonga A. Husein , Miftah A. A. Miftah
Published: March 2021

The accumulation of cases always increases from year to year. For this reason, the Supreme Court issued Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No.1 of 2016 concerning mediation procedures in court, as an effort to reduce the number of cases that go to court, including divorce. but unfortunately mediation does not show the expected success rate in religious courts. This research reveals the failure and success factors of mediation in the Jambi religious court, the role of the mediator in resolving divorce cases and exploring the effectiveness of mediation in divorce cases. This research is located at the location of divorce cases, namely the Jambi City Religious Court, the Kuala Tungkal Religious Court and the Sarolangun Religious Court. The results of this study prove that; first, the mediation success rate is only 4%. The failure factor for mediation is the lack of judges as mediators, there is no incentive funds for mediators who succeed in reconciling the mediator who does not have sufficient skills in dealing with the parties. Second, the role of the mediator in resolving divorce cases is not only as a facilitator but as a catalyst, educator, supporter and psychiatrist depending on the case at hand.
THE CHAIRMAN MANAGEMENTOF PESANTREN ASSOCIATES
Authors: Pirdaus Ali Pirdaus , Ritonga Ahmad Husin Ritonga , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe and analyze in depth the management of the boarding school leaders in developing the entrepreneurial spirit of the santri, starting from planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating programs. The results of research from three Islamic boarding schools in Jambi Province regarding the management of the boarding school leadership in developing the entrepreneurial spirit of the santri found that it was in accordance with the function in management theory, namely: (1)Planning carried out by the boarding school leadership is the formulation of goals (vision, mission), entrepreneurial advice and infrastructure, planning of Ustad and Santri and curriculum. (2) Organizing: Islamic boarding school leaders share job descriptions for each pesantren program, granting authority, assigning tasks; (3) Implementation: The cultivation of life skills in Islamic boarding schools consists of two forms, namely hard skills and soft skills. Hard skills include teaching and directing entrepreneurship in the field in the form of: Plantation, agriculture, animal husbandry, pesantren cooperatives, catering, fashion, fish farming, carpentry, welding. Meanwhile, the soft skills are: organization of the students, planting foreign languages, independent students, calligraphy, IT, prayer, learning the art of reading the Koran, etc .; (4) Monitoring and Evaluation: Total quality control, visits to business premises, individual learning, evaluating the results of activities, taking clarification and correction steps, assessing and correcting all programs. The conclusion of this research is that the management of the boarding school leadership in developing the entrepreneurial spirit of the santri has been going well, with the various life skills beingtaught to make the students independent.
Nghiên cứu, chế tạo hệ thiết bị thí nghiệm dùng để xác định tốc độ lắng đọng paraffin trong dầu thô (cold finger)
Authors: Nguyen Huynh Anh  , Nguyen Ba Khoa  , Nguyen Hien Phong  , Nguyen Phan Tri  , Ngo Thi Loan  , Nguyen Thanh Tung  , Nguyen Van Hung
Published: March 2021

Cold finger là phương pháp quan trọng đánh giá tốc độ lắng đọng paraffin của dầu thô trong quá trình khai thác và vận chuyển, được sử dụng trong các phòng thí nghiệm về vận chuyển dầu khí. Bài báo giới thiệu hệ thống thiết bị thí nghiệm dùng để xác định tốc độ lắng đọng paraffin trong dầu thô được nâng cấp, cải tiến từ thiết bị cũ tại Viện Dầu khí Việt Nam (VPI). Hệ thống thiết bị mới có công năng tương đương với các thiết bị thương mại nhập ngoại, đáp ứng yêu cầu phân tích mẫu của các nhà thầu khai thác dầu khí tại Việt Nam cũng như các nước trong khu vực.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISKS MONITORING & CONTROL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE AMONG MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN KENYA
Authors: Kiarie Dr.David Mburu
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between risks monitoring and control management strategy and supply chain performance among manufacturing companies in Kenya.Methodology:The study adopted a cross-section survey of descriptive nature .The target population comprised of the 412 manufacturing companies within Nairobi County that were registered members of KAM. The fisher et al formula for calculating the sample size was used to yield a sample size of199. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 21 as a tool of analysis.Results: The study findings revealed that the constructs of risk identification management strategy combined together influenced supply chain performance as supported by a p value of 0.000.Further, most of the companies had risk analysis and evaluation management strategy in place.Policy recommendation:the study recommended that manufacturing companies should put in place a risk analysis and evaluation management strategy to enhance supply chain performance.
INTEGRATED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE AMONG PARASTATALS IN KENYA
Authors: Justus Agnes Mutheu , Ndeto Dr. Charles
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess IFMIS implementation and its impact on procurement performance among parastatals in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations on proper use of IFMIS.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive research design approach targeting heads of procurement and ICT at the 187 parastatals. The study preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. To gather data, structured questionnaire were used to collect data from a sample of one hundred and thirty (130) respondents, who were selected using simple random sampling, from the four strata. Once collected, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The qualitative data generated was analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.Results: The response rate of the study was 74%. The regression results revealed that the IFMIS platforms identified in the study, that is, online inventory management, electronic vendor evaluation, online payments and online contract management combined could explain approximately 71.5% of the variations in the procurement performance among parastatals. The other 28.5% may be attributed to other strategies not explained by the model or the variables.Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that online inventory management, electronic vendor evaluation, online payments and online contract management have a positive relationship with procurement performance among parastatals in Kenya.Contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace IFMIS technology so as to improve performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
DETERMINANTS OF COMPLIANCE WITH ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT OPPORTUNITIES REGULATIONS FOR SPECIAL GROUPS AMONG PARASTATALS IN KENYA
Authors: Oyugi Abednego Momanyi , Getuno Dr. Pamela
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The specific objectives of the study were; to assess the effect of prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups and internal compliance controls on compliance with AGPO regulations for special groups among parastatals in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design, targeting heads of procurement among parastatals of Kenya. The study preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression models were used to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentages.Results: The F critical at 5% level of significance was 26.5. Since F calculated which can be noted from the ANOVA table above is 81.8 which is greater than the F critical (value= 26.5), this shows that the overall model was significant. The study therefore establishes that; prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups, internal compliance controls affect compliance with AGPO regulationsConclusion: The findings of the study indicated that prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups and internal compliance controls have a positive relationship with compliance with AGPO regulations for special groups among parastatals in KenyaContribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace prequalification criteria, opportunity awareness and sensitization, capacity of special groups and internal compliance controls so as to improve compliance with AGPO regulations for special groups.