The Experience in the Application of Certain Types of Security for Fulﬁlment of Obligations
Authors: Molyavko Olesya 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The article examines the issues of practical application of certain types of security for obligations, describing the main features of the institution of obligations in civil law of Ukraine, as well as the specifics of its regulatory and procedural application. today, legislation provides quite broad opportunities to protect the interests of participants in civil law relations, and security for obligations is an important means of their proper fulfilment.

The aim of the article. The main purpose of the article is to study the civil law nature of certain types of security for performance of obligations in the context of the current stage of development of public relations. The relevant research result should be a confirmation of the main task of securing an obligation - to create such conditions so that the obligated person has the opportunity and conditions to fulfil his/her obligation, and creditors have their claims satisfied to a certain extent.

Results. It is important to note that when developing mechanisms for legal regulation of security for obligations, it is necessary to maintain a balance of interests of counterparties, since one of the fundamental principles of civil law is freedom of contract, i.e., participants in civil relations are free to enter into contractual relations, as well as to choose the type of contract, counterparties and terms of the contract, etc. in order to ensure freedom of business activity, which is also a principle underlying civil law. The parties are free to choose their business behaviour and have equal rights in its implementation. Therefore, neither the creditor nor the debtor can have any advantages - the legislator’s task is to ensure equality of their rights both at the stage of launching business initiatives and in the performance of their obligations.

Conclusions. The analysis of changes and determination of the place of certain types of security for obligations based on their legal nature contributes to the creation of an eﬀective mechanism for legal regulation of this civil law institute. The introduction of the trust property institute into the system of types of security for obligations enriches the tools for securing obligations and increases the guarantees for the creditor in the obligation. Comparing it with the institution of mortgage makes it possible to examine the legal nature of both of these institutions and to choose the scope of application of each of them. The debtor’s (trustee’s) rights are guaranteed by the legislative provision of its rights on an equal footing with a third party.The system of types of security for obligations needs to be set out and placed in a single regulatory act — the Civil Code, which can be ensured by its recodification.

A penalty as a means of securing the fulfilment of obligations is one of the most common ways of securing. However, improving the mechanism for applying penalties will help to intensify economic turnover. Therefore, supplementing Article 551 of the Civil Code of Ukraine with provisions on the need to detail the application of a reduction in the amount of the penalty by the court will help to introduce the principle of legal certainty in the consideration of this category of cases.

Key words: fulfilment of obligations, types of security for fulfilment of obligations, trust property, penalty.