bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccination or Termination: The Issue of Mandatory Influenza Vaccinations for Healthcare Workers
Authors: DeYoung Emily
Published: August 2019

Today, arguably the most common assertion against mandatory vaccinations comes from parents using the Due Process Clause to challenge mandatory vaccinations, claiming the mandates violate their children’s substantive due process rights. Ordinarily, schools allow certain exemptions to tenderly avoid violating the children’s constitutional rights. Many children may have parents advocating for their exemption from these vaccinations, but what about those who have less sway in an argument for exemption? What is at stake for children is their admission into a specific school, and even if they are denied admittance, their parents always have the option to homeschool them if they truly feel so passionately against mandatory vaccinations. However, a healthcare worker who is seeking employment, or who is already employed, does not have as much sway or alternatives when it comes to opposing a mandatory immunization policy. Employers have begun implementing mandatory influenza immunization programs, but even the employers who grant accommodations exempting certain healthcare employees impose some form of additional infection-control practice (e.g. requiring exempt healthcare workers to wear facemasks while on duty, wear different color badges, or placing them in alternative positions during flu season). These mandatory influenza immunization programs, and the alternatives required if healthcare workers acquire exemptions, strike a critical balance between the workers’ constitutional rights and the overarching public safety issues.
Vitamin C, omega-3 and paracetamol pharmacokinetic interactions using saliva specimens as determiners
Authors: Jaccob Ausama Ayob , Ahmed Zainab Haroon , Aljasani Baan Majid
Published: August 2019

Background

With its low side effects profile and availability as an over-the-counter drug, paracetamol has been utilized extensively worldwide as an antipyretic and analgesic agent for decades. This is associated with the increasing concern over its ease of access and/or unawareness of the consumers to this issue of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Paracetamol-induced liver injury today is a big problem where most of the researchers are interested in the possible role of the naturally available antioxidants to ameliorate hepatotoxicity through kinetic interference. So the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C and omega-3 on the pharmacokinetic property of paracetamol.

Methods

Six young (average age 29) healthy volunteers participated in the study. The study included three consecutive periods, each of which preceded by overnight fasting and separated by 6 day washout periods. The first period involved the ingestion of a single paracetamol dose. The second one included the ingestion of paracetamol and vitamin C concomitantly, and the final period included paracetamol plus omega-3. Saliva samples were collected and prepared for High-performance liquid chromatography analysis.

Results

There was a significant increase in saliva paracetamol level after 30 min of administration when given concomitantly with vitamin C compared with the remaining groups. No significant differences in the paracetamol concentration profile between the subjects for each group were observed at 60, 90, 120 and 150 min in all treated groups.

Conclusion

Concurrent administration of vitamin C with paracetamol increases significantly the C
max level (maximum measured concentration) in saliva and increases the extent of absorption and the possibility of drug-drug interaction and risk of side effects.
Evolutionary history of water voles revisited: confronting a new phylogenetic model from molecular data with the fossil record
Authors: Mahmoudi Ahmad , Maul Lutz C. , Khoshyar Masoumeh , Darvish Jamshid , Aliabadian Mansour , Kryštufek Boris
Published: August 2019

Recent water voles (genus Arvicola) display a prominent morphological diversity with a strong ecotypical background but with unclear taxonomic associations. We provide a novel synthetic view on the evolutionary history and the current taxonomic richness in the genus. Our molecular reconstruction, based on a 1143-bp-long sequence of cytochrome b and a 926-bp interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (irbp) confirmed the monophyly of four species (amphibius, sapidus, monticola and italicus) recognized thus far, and retrieved a new deeply divergent lineage from West Iran. Genetic divergence of the Iranian lineage (>9.0%) is inside the range of interspecies distances, exceeding the interspecies divergences between the remaining Arvicola species (range, 4.3–8.7%). The oldest name available for the Iranian phylogroup is Arvicola persicus de Filippi, 1865, with the type locality in Soltaniyeh, Iran. The molecular clock suggests the divergence of A. persicus in the Early Pleistocene (2.545 Ma), and the current radiation of the remaining species between 1.535 Ma (Arvicola sapidus) and 0.671 Ma. While A. sapidus possibly evolved from Arvicola jacobaeus, a fossil ancestor to A. persicus is unknown. The aquatic life-style of Mimomys savini, a direct ancestor to some fossil Arvicola, is retained in recent stem species A. sapidus and A. persicus, while a major shift toward fossorial morphotype characterizes the terminal lineages (amphibius, italicus and monticola). We suggest that habitat-dependent morphological plasticity and positive enamel differentiation in Arvicola amphibius widened its ecological niche that might trigger a range expansion across c. 12 million km2, making it one of the largest among arvicolines.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine, C15H12N2
Authors: Wen Yuan , Xiao Xin-Sheng , Jia Guo-Kai
Published: August 2019

C15H12N2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.323(4) Å, b = 6.975(3) Å, c = 22.411(11) Å, β = 93.195(5)°, V = 1143.0(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0457, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1324, T = 296(2) K.
La mujer en el poder legislativo de Ecuador: análisis desde la comunicación verbal y no verbal
Authors: Pila Cárdenas Geoconda
Published: August 2019

En este artículo analizamos la comunicación verbal y no verbal de los discursos pronunciados durante la toma de posesión del cargo de las tres primeras autoridades del poder legislativo de Ecuador del período comprendido entre mayo de 2013 y el mismo mes de 2017. El 14 de mayo de 2013 Gabriela Rivadeneira fue elegida presidenta de la Asamblea Nacional; Rosana Alvarado, primera vicepresidenta; y Marcela Aguiñaga, segunda vicepresidenta. Esta elección parlamentaria tiene especial relevancia, pues, por primera vez en la historia del país, una mujer fue elegida primera autoridad del legislativo. En segundo lugar, con 29 años, Rivadeneira se convirtió en la presidenta más joven de un Parlamento en América. En tercer lugar, es la primera legislatura en la que el 39% de asambleístas son mujeres; y cuarto, es la primera ocasión en que tres mujeres alcanzan los espacios de poder más altos en esta entidad del Estado. El análisis de la banda verbal describe cuál es la finalidad principal de cada discurso y los materiales de credibilidad, de argumento y dramáticos que las oradoras emplean. En la banda no verbal observamos qué uso hacen las legisladoras del paralenguaje y el lenguaje corporal; y qué manifestaciones de afecto transmiten. Estos tres discursos representan un hito significativo en los logros de la mujer en la política ecuatoriana y muestran claramente los estilos de comunicar que cada una de estas asambleístas mantuvo a lo largo de su legislatura.
Investigation of Crack Propagation in Asphalt Pavement Based on APT Result and LEFM Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Mai Lan , Chupin Olivier , Blanc Juliette , Piau Jean-Michel , Hornych Pierre , Lefeuvre Yann
Published: August 2019

When reinforcing existing cracked asphalt pavements, the design and evaluation of the durability of the reinforced structure are quite different from those of a new pavement generally based on fatigue criteria deduced from stress and strain fields computed for the undamaged pavement. For the design of reinforcement solutions, the presence of cracks and their propagation must be considered explicitly. To move in this direction, the present article aims at improving the understanding of bottom-up crack propagation in asphalt pavements. Some investigations relying on the interpretation of an accelerated full-scale fatigue test are presented as well as the numerical analysis of this test through the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the Paris law. The tested pavement section is composed of four layers. The two uppermost layers are made of asphalt concrete (AC) materials whose modulus and fatigue performances are different. The pavement is subjected to repeated loads applied by the Fatigue du Béton Armé Continu (FABAC) traffic simulator of the French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR), and the development of cracking in the AC layers is monitored using embedded instrumentation and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test campaigns. To better control the crack pattern that develops during the fatigue test, an artificial flaw (metal angle) is purposely placed at the bottom of the AC layers (in the transverse direction to the moving loads) to localize the initiation of cracking. A bottom-up crack is supposed to grow vertically from this defect in the AC layers. This is effectively detected and followed by the experimental measurements, which are combined to model for the analysis of the test. Finally, the kinetics of crack growth deduced from the Accelerated Pavement Test (APT) results and those computed using the Paris law calibrated from fatigue tests performed in the laboratory are compared.
Echocardiographic global longitudinal strain is associated with infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Joseph Gowsini , Zaremba Tomas , Johansen Martin Berg , Ekeloef Sarah , Heiberg Einar , Engblom Henrik , Jensen Svend Eggert , Sogaard Peter
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate if there was an association between infarct size (IS) measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiographic global longitudinal strain (GLS) in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were assessed with CMR and transthoracic echocardiogram within 1 week of hospital admission. Two-dimensional speckle tracking was performed using a semi-automatic algorithm (EchoPac, GE Healthcare). Longitudinal strain curves were generated in a 17-segment model covering the entire left ventricular myocardium. GLS was calculated automatically. LVEF was measured by auto-LVEF in EchoPac. IS was measured by late gadolinium enhancement CMR in short-axis views covering the left ventricle. The study population consisted of 49 patients (age 60.4 ± 9.7 years; 92% male). The study population had preserved echocardiographic LVEF with a mean of 45.8 ± 8.7%. For each percent increase of IS, we found an impairment in GLS by 1.59% (95% CI 0.57–2.61), P = 0.02, after adjustment for sex, age and LVEF. No significant association between IS and echocardiographic LVEF was found: −0.25 (95% CI: −0.61 to 0.11), P = 0.51. At the segmental level, the strongest association between IS and longitudinal strain was found in the apical part of the LV: impairment of 1.69% (95% CI: 1.14–2.23), P < 0.001, for each percent increase in IS. In conclusion, GLS was significantly associated with IS in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction in patients with preserved LVEF, and this association was strongest in the apical part of the LV. No association between IS and LVEF was found.
Testing for Meningitis in Febrile Well-Appearing Young Infants With a Positive Urinalysis
Authors: Wang Marie E. , Biondi Eric A. , McCulloh Russell J. , Garber Matthew D. , Natt Beth C. , Lucas Brian P. , Schroeder Alan R.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To determine factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing in febrile young infants with a positive urinalysis and assess the probability of delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in infants treated for urinary tract infection (UTI) without CSF testing.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Reducing Excessive Variability in Infant Sepsis Evaluation quality improvement project. A total of 20 570 well-appearing febrile infants 7 to 60 days old presenting to 124 hospitals from 2015 to 2017 were included. A mixed-effects logistic regression was conducted to determine factors associated with CSF testing. Delayed meningitis was defined as a new diagnosis of bacterial meningitis within 7 days of discharge.

RESULTS:

Overall, 3572 infants had a positive urinalysis; 2511 (70.3%) underwent CSF testing. There was wide variation by site, with CSF testing rates ranging from 64% to 100% for infants 7 to 30 days old and 10% to 100% for infants 31 to 60 days old. Factors associated with CSF testing included: age 7 to 30 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–5.5), abnormal inflammatory markers (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.8–2.5), and site volume >300 febrile infants per year (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.6). Among 505 infants treated for UTI without CSF testing, there were 0 (95% CI: 0%–0.6%) cases of delayed meningitis.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was wide variation in CSF testing in febrile infants with a positive urinalysis. Among infants treated for UTI without CSF testing (mostly 31 to 60-day-old infants), there were no cases of delayed meningitis within 7 days of discharge, suggesting that routine CSF testing of infants 31 to 60 days old with a positive urinalysis may not be necessary.
Brasil e Portugal: a literatura em tempos de ditadura
Authors: Hermes Ernani
Published: August 2019

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A favelofagia: a criação de um novo cânone literário a partir da favela
Authors: Loria Luana
Published: August 2019

O Bando Editorial Favelofágico é um coletivo literário e uma editora sem fins lucrativos que surge no Rio de Janeiro, no complexo de Manguinhos, em 2015. O coletivo tenciona promover autores das periferias que se identificam com uma perspectiva contra- -hegemônica, com respeito ao padrão literário e social dominante, no intuito de construir um movimento literário contra-hegemônico, plural, politizado, engajado, livre dos cânones e sedento de prática e transformação.
As múltiplas transformações em Pessach: a travessia de Carlos Heitor Cony
Authors: Burianová Zuzana
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do artigo é explorar a transformação pessoal experimentada pelo protagonista-narrador do romance Pessach: a travessia, do escritor brasileiro Carlos Heitor Cony, cujo enredo decorre nos primeiros anos após o golpe militar de 1964. A análise parte da compreensão dessa obra como um romance de formação (Bildungsroman) e da sua inserção no quinto tipo deste gênero romanesco, distinguido por Bakhtin, que se caracteriza pela interligação da formação do protagonista com a evolução histórica. Logo a seguir, observamos três tipos de transformação pelos quais passa o protagonista do romance – rumo ao seu engajamento sócio-político, ao compromisso artístico e à busca das raízes judaicas –, que são analisados em estreita relação com o momento histórico pelo qual passava o País.
MULTILINGUALISM AS AN INNOVATIVE IDEA AND TEACHING SYSTEM
Authors: Maigeldiyeva Sharban , Iztleuova Zhanna
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with the multilingualism in teaching at Kazakhstani higher education institutions which have been one of the relevant aspects of modern Kazakhstani education system.
Knowledge of Kazakh, English and Russian languages will give young people the key to world markets, science and new technologies, will create conditions for the formation of a world outlook on constructive cooperation based on ethnic, Kazakh and world cultures.
On 27 January 2012 Nursultan Nazarbayev took the floor with his annual message to the people of Kazakhstan and set main priorities of national education. Firstly, education must be competitive, high-qualified in such way that alumni of Kazakhstani schools could easily continue their education in the universities abroad. Today we can speak about complete work on institutional provision to realize state program on education development in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020 years. One of the basic competence is threelinguism, Eurasian multiculture, communicativeness and technocraticism.
Nowadays, multicultural education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the main trend in the system of higher education. Higher education institutions are considered as a main stage in the process of formation and development of multicultural personality. It is the stage when values and life principles are cognitively formed. University is able to provide positive environment to a student which provides harmonic combination of development of humanistic features in a person with an opportunity of full realization of its national, cultural and ethnical needs.
MENTORS´ PREPARATION IN THE DUAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Uzunova Veneta , Afrikanov Lachezar
Published: August 2019

Mentorship is one of the oldest known forms of interventions and a mechanism for non-formal learning, as well as long-established way of interacting in different aspects of life. In recent years, with the introduction of the dual form of education into the vocational education and training system in Bulgaria, the question of the personality and the preparation of the mentors gained considerable significance. This issue has become a field for up-to-date research on the synergy between the professional and psychological/pedagogical competencies of the specialist who welcomes the apprentices in the company and organizes and conducts their practice. Based on the needs of the business and in line with the implementation of the Bulgarian-Swiss project "DOMINO - Dual Education for the Modern Needs and Requirements of the Society" in the beginning of 2018 a program, which corresponds to the realities of the Bulgarian vocational education has been developed.The report presents the first steps for the implementation of the program, its objectives, contents, training methods and the feedback of the participants.
APPLICATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR MOLD COLONY GROWTH TRACKING
Authors: Yordanova Rositsa , Nikolova Petya , Baycheva Stanka
Published: August 2019

The report analyses an algorithm to track the growth of colonies from mold by digital images. The effect of color components on the recognition and enumeration of mold colonies was analyzed. A selection of form description coefficients has been made to trace this growth. The nature of the modification of the colony of mold in two nutrient media has been established. The obtained data can be used to develop mathematical models describing colony development. Connections and comparisons can be made of the process that influence development of molds.
SYEKH AHMAD KHATIB AL-MINANGKABAWI; ICON THOLABUL ILMI MINANGKABAU MASA LALU UNTUK REFLEKSI SUMATERA BARAT HARI INI DAN MASA DEPAN
Authors: Wirman Eka Putra
Published: August 2019

Salah satu tokoh Minangkabau yang menonjol di bidang keislaman adalah Syeikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi. Selain sebagai ulama kaliber internasional, beliau juga telah melahirkan murid-murid yang kemudian menjadi ulama dan tokoh penting pergerakan Islam dan sosial di Asia Tenggara. Dua organisasi sosial-keagamaan yang terbesar di Indonesia yaitu Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama didirikan oleh murid-murid Syeikh Ahmad Khatib. Ulama besar ini dikenal pula dengan semangat berdiskusi secara objektif dengan orang-orang yang tidak satu pemahaman dengan beliau tanpa terganggunya hubungan silaturrahim antara mereka. Keberadaan tokoh besar yang lahir di Minangkabau ini boleh jadi menghilang sedikit demi sedikit dari memori umat Islam, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan eksplorasi terus menerus terhadap perjalanan hidup, perjuangan dan karya ilmiah yang telah dilakukan. Tulisan ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menjaga, melestarikan dan mengembangkan pemikiran dan karya a Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi.
Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor of preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM)
Authors: Wiraguna Aanak Agung Gde Putra , Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Vijayamurthy I Dewa Ayu Vanessa
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The pathogenesis of PPROM is complex and not fully understood. Recent studies showed that such role of genital tract infection as bacterial vaginosis in the pathogenesis of PPROM turned out to be present. They produce lipase enzymes in which they can form compounds with the fibrous tissue of amniotic membrane resulting in increased risk of rupture of the membrane.Objective This study aims to prove that bacterial vaginosis is a risk factor for preterm premature rupture of membrane.Material and methods: This research used case control method. Sampling was using the consecutive sampling method and had fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria with age-based matching, then vaginal swab sampling was conducted, painted with gram staining in the Dermalotogy and Venereology Laboratory of Sanglah Hospital, and Nugent score.Result: Total of 76 pregnant women with 24-36 weeks of gestation were investigated, 38 mothers with PPROM and 38 mothers with normal pregnancy. Average score of Nugent at preterm PROM was 7.18 and in normal pregnancy was 2.37. Bacterial vaginosis risking for PPROM 7 times (OR= 7.0, 95% CI= 1.21-17.68, p= 0.001).Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for the occurrence of PPROM.
Suspicion on Trial: Tolstoy's The Kreutzer Sonata and Nabokov's “Pozdnyshev's Address”
Authors: Gershkovich Tatyana
Published: August 2019

The postcritique debate tends to presuppose that reading suspiciously or restoratively is largely a matter of choosing to do so and that texts themselves do not incline us to read them one way or another. Drawing on works by Leo Tolstoy and Vladimir Nabokov, this essay contests these presumptions. Both authors regarded distrust as a state of mind to which we are ineluctably condemned; only by reading artworks designed to allay our suspicion can we hope to be briefly relieved of it. Tolstoy's famous Kreutzer Sonata and Nabokov's little-known variation on it, “Pozdnyshev's Address,” explore strategies for disarming readerly distrust. If these authors are right that suspicion is our existential condition rather than a freely chosen interpretive stance, the project of prescribing the ways that readers ought to relate to texts is unlikely to succeed—or cease. We might instead set ourselves the task of investigating how particular texts shape the ways they are read.
Hunger in the Garden: Shortage and Environmental Aesthetics in Nadine Gordimer's TheConservationist
Authors: Hetrick Austin
Published: August 2019

This essay, a reading of Nadine Gordimer'sThe Conservationist(1974), seeks to reconcile the promise of global environmental aesthetics with postcolonial theories of difference. While the Anthropocene is often framed as universal and unprecedented, Gordimer's ironic presentation of an earlier discourse—centered on resource limits and population bombs—demonstrates that certain themes have existed in the global environmental imagination for decades. Read alongside the history of South African conservation and Judith Butler's theory of precarity,he Conservationistdevelops an alternative green aesthetic, one that considers environmental problems to be produced by diverse and unequal social relations. Gordimer's dialectical response to apartheid-era conservation (an emphasis on utopianism and haunting) offers insight into South Africa's contemporary environmental politics and into ongoing debates in the environmental humanities about the value of the central analytic strategies of postcolonialism.
Three Wishes for Why Comics?
Authors: Silady Matt
Published: August 2019

With its enticing question splashed across the cover, Hillary Chute's Why Comics? invites the reader to consider the connections among comics, comics creators, and the medium's everexpanding audience. Through ten chapters all prefaced by “Why” (“Disaster,” “Superheroes,” “Sex,” “he Suburbs,” “Cities,” “Punk,” “Illness & Disability,” “Girls,” “War,” and “Queer”), Chute examines why the shape-shifting form of comics continues to serve as the perfect vessel for visual storytellers attempting to capture the complexity of the human condition.
Panels and Pens
Authors: Ware Chris
Published: August 2019

As one of the many fortunate and grateful subjects of Hillary Chute's writing over the past few years, I feel ethically compelled to recuse myself from any discourse regarding her most recent book simply because it would seem, well, unsightly. (And in comics, where reading and seeing operate at parity, being unsightly is patently undesirable.) Here's what I can tell you, though: She gets it. And she gets it right. There are few, if any, other writers on comics who so minutely and more thoroughly understand the psychological, aesthetic and perceptual complexities of deploying images as words and drawing as writing—but then quickly go beyond all that stuff to get at the human and humane essence of the works considered. Because comics are essentially just another mode of storytelling, stories are almost always Hillary's focus, and I've known her long enough now—about a dozen years—to know she also believes that of all stories, life itself is the most important one. I'm glad she's ended up being a part of mine, and that, in print, she's also a part of yours.
Study on the constitutive model of porous titanium alloy
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Sun Qi , Wang Mingqiang , Zhu Tianyu , Ji Feifei
Published: August 2019

Porous titanium (Ti) alloys usually need high-speed precision machining before they are put into practical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to study the materials’ mechanical properties under conditions of larger strain rate and higher temperature in order to understand the processing mechanism and determine the appropriate processing parameters. In this study, the mechanical properties of porous titanium alloys of two porosities were first investigated by quasi-static compression tests and split Hopkinson pressure bar tests under different conditions. Then, the constitutive models of the flow stress were fitted. From the results of quasi-static compression tests, it was found that the static mechanical properties of porous titanium alloys decreased rapidly with increase in porosity. From the result of the split Hopkinson pressure bar tests, the strain rate sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of porous titanium alloys were determined. The mechanical properties of porous titanium alloys increased with strain rate increase in the range 1000–3000 s−1. The alloys exhibited a temperature-softening effect at 100°C, while they had a temperature-hardening effect at 300°C. The constitutive model could describe the strain-hardening rate of the material appropriately, but the accuracy of the simulated results needed to be improved compared with experimental values.
ALG9 Mutation Carriers Develop Kidney and Liver Cysts
Authors: Besse Whitney , Chang Alex R. , Luo Jonathan Z. , Triffo William J. , Moore Bryn S. , Gulati Ashima , Hartzel Dustin N. , Mane Shrikant ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Torres Vicente E. , Somlo Stefan , Mirshahi Tooraj
Published: August 2019

Significance Statement

Dominantly inherited polycystic kidney and liver phenotypes occur when epithelial cells in these organs have reduction of polycystin-1 functional dosage. In a cohort of genetically unresolved polycystic liver and kidney disease, the authors identified heterozygous loss of function mutations in ALG9. ALG9 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that builds N-glycans, and the authors show that Alg9 inactivation results in impaired polycystin-1 maturation. Using a novel ‘genotype-first’ approach to ascertain individuals based strictly on their ALG9 genotype from a large cohort of exome-sequenced individuals, the authors find that 7/8 (88%) of ALG9 mutation carriers over age 50 have multiple kidney cysts. Together, these findings identify ALG9 as a novel human polycystic kidney and liver disease gene and support the utility of a genotype-driven approach to candidate disease gene validation and genotype-phenotype correlation.

Background

Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 cause typical autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common monogenic kidney disease. Dominantly inherited polycystic kidney and liver diseases on the ADPKD spectrum are also caused by mutations in at least six other genes required for protein biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, the loss of which results in defective production of the PKD1 gene product, the membrane protein polycystin-1 (PC1).

Methods

We used whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 122 patients with genetically unresolved clinical diagnosis of ADPKD or polycystic liver disease to identify a candidate gene, ALG9, and in vitro cell-based assays of PC1 protein maturation to functionally validate it. For further validation, we identified carriers of ALG9 loss-of-function mutations and noncarrier matched controls in a large exome-sequenced population-based cohort and evaluated the occurrence of polycystic phenotypes in both groups.

Results

Two patients in the clinically defined cohort had rare loss-of-function variants in ALG9, which encodes a protein required for addition of specific mannose molecules to the assembling N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. In vitro assays showed that inactivation of Alg9 results in impaired maturation and defective glycosylation of PC1. Seven of the eight (88%) cases selected from the population-based cohort based on ALG9 mutation carrier state who had abdominal imaging after age 50; seven (88%) had at least four kidney cysts, compared with none in matched controls without ALG9 mutations.

Conclusions

ALG9 is a novel disease gene in the genetically heterogeneous ADPKD spectrum. This study supports the utility of phenotype characterization in genetically-defined cohorts to validate novel disease genes, and provide much-needed genotype-phenotype correlations.
A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT ON WATER SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS FOR NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION IN MONGOLIA
Authors: Davaadorj Ichinkhorloo , Yee Eric , Maerani Restu
Published: August 2019

As the effects of climate change are being felt all over the world, sustainability indicators such as water withdrawn per kilowatt-hour, are becoming more important in the decision-making process for large infrastructure projects. In Mongolia, we are deciding whether to use nuclear as a main power source. However, local droughts in Mongolia can be quite severe, occurring every 4-5 years and several countries have shown droughts to interrupt their power plant operations. This study collects data and conducts analyses to estimate sustainability indicators for a nuclear power plant life cycle and extends these analyses to understand how an event such as a drought would affect such indicators. The first part of this study is to provide background information regarding life cycle water use from power generation facilities. Our study focused on the APR-1400 nuclear power plant. If we account for drought frequency in Mongolia, the life cycle water withdrawal is estimated to be approximately 7,611 L/MWh for the nuclear power plant.Keywords: nuclear, sustainability, water, drought
Effect of Intravenous Phenobarbital on Left Ventricular Myocardial Contractility Determined by Echocardiography in Children
Authors: Doshi Arpan R. , Malhotra Monesha Gupta , Balaguru Duraisamy , Amre Devendra , Erikson Christain
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Animal studies and rare human studies have suggesteda negative effect of barbiturates on cardiac function. Althoughintravenous (IV) phenobarbital is used routinely in children in theclinical setting, studies in children are lacking. We performed a studyto evaluate effect of IV phenobarbital loading on myocardial systolicfunction of children.Methods.xIn a prospective pilot study in children without congenitalheart defects, the effect of IV phenobarbital was evaluated on theleft ventricular systolic function measured by ejection fraction (EF)by Simpson’s method via an echocardiogram. Any child less than 18years of age who received IV loading dose of at least 20 mg/kg ofphenobarbital given as an infusion over 20 - 30 minutes for variousmedical indications was eligible to take part in the study. Three measurementsof EF by an echocardiogram were made: before loadingdose, 30 minutes after completion of the loading dose, and prior tothe first maintenance dose. Relevant clinical data were recorded,including vital signs, immediately prior to each echocardiogram.Change of function as measured by EF over time was analyzed usinglinear mixed modeling methods. For this study, significant change inblood pressure was defined as a drop of at least 20 mmHg in systolicblood pressure.Results. Ten children (70% female, age range two days to 8.2 years)were enrolled. Three had hypotension with a drop of systolic bloodpressure greater than 20 mmHg from baseline. On examining thetrajectory of EF on each individual graphically, the left ventricularEF tended to fall immediately following phenobarbital therapy andreturn to baseline on re-evaluation. These trajectories were statisticallysignificant for EF.Conclusions. Phenobarbital had a direct and transient depressanteffect on systolic function of the myocardium in one third of the cases.The depression in EF appeared to be transient with return to baseline in less than 24 hours. We recommend close monitoring with anticipationof decreased function in children when using IV phenobarbital.Kans J Med 2019;12(2):40-44.
Intention to Read to Newborns Following a Brief Reading Promotion Intervention among Low-Income Pregnant Women
Authors: Clay Deshanett , Ahlers-Schmidt Carolyn R. , Benton Mary , Engel Matt , Brown Molly
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Reading to children can increase word knowledge andsuccess in school. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommendsbeginning reading at birth. However, children from low-incomefamilies are exposed to less words, including reading exposure, thanchildren from high-income families.Methods.xPregnant women attending a community prenatal educationprogram targeted at high-risk and low-income populationswere recruited into this study. Participants completed a pre-survey,engaged with a brief educational intervention, then completed amatched post-survey. Surveys assessed perceived benefits, intendedbehaviors, and self-efficacy regarding reading to their child.Results. Of 61 eligible participants, 54 (89%) completed the study.Participants reported being Black (33%), White (30%), Hispanic(28%), and other race (9%). Average gestational age at enrollmentwas 27 weeks (range 13 to 38 weeks). The average age of respondentswas 26 years (SD = 7.2); 46% reported being pregnant for the firsttime. Following the intervention, no change in knowledge regardingbenefits of reading was observed, however, baseline knowledge washigh (58% - 94%). At post-test, significantly more women reported itwas important to start reading to their child at birth (83% vs 56%; p< 0.001) and that they planned to start reading to their child at birth(70% vs 50%; p = 0.001).Conclusions. A brief educational intervention showed promise inincreasing pregnant women’s intentions to read to their children andshould be considered in conjunction with other reading promotionprograms. Follow-up to assess actual reading behavior is needed.Kans J Med 2019;12(2):50-52.
Vena Cava Filter Complications:
Authors: McEnulty Patrick G. , Salyers William J. , Joshi Akash
Published: August 2019

Vena cava filters (VCFs) have been employed at a rapidly growingpace over the last two decades.1,2 In fact, VCFs are placed in patientsin the United States at an estimated rate of 25 times that in Europe.3Likewise, the number of reported complications from VCFs alsohas increased significantly.1,4 The growing collection of literature onVCFs has led to an increased awareness of potential adverse outcomesafter filter insertion, and emphasis on appropriate preventionand treatment of these complications. We present an unusual case ofabdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm resulting from VCF perforationin a young patient who presented with hematemesis.
UC Davis - Mouse Model Creation v2
Authors: Lloyd Kent
Published: August 2019

Summary: This is a generic protocol for making genetically-altered mouse models for research. Investigators who do not have a mutant mouse to send for testing at the MMPC @ UC Davis can ask for the mutant mouse to be derived by the MMPC @ UC Davis, through the UC Davis Mouse Biology Program. Genetically altered mice can be made on most genetic backgrounds, such as C57BL/6, FVB/N, B6D2F1 and other hybrids, and others. Transgenic (random genomic integration of expression-competent transgenes) and gene targeted (specific insertion and/or replacement of an endogenous genetic locus) mutant mice can generated. “Knockout” mice can be made so as to delete endogenous gene expression ubiquitously and conditionally in either a specific cell or tissue type (spatial conditional) and/or at a specific age (temporal conditional). Numerous technologies are available for the derivation of mutant mice, including molecular construct design, gene targeted in embryonic stem (ES) cells, pronuclear microinjection of transgenic constructs into zygotes, ES cell microinjection into blastocysts, genome editing in ES cells and zygotes (e.g., TALENs, CRISPR/Cas9). Mutant mice can be genotype confirmed (see MMPC item D2004) and custom bred to generate cohorts of male and/or female mice for phenotyping at the MMPC @ UC Davis.
El tratamiento de los adjetivos de relación en el diccionario de la academia
Authors: Jiménez Ríos Enrique
Published: August 2019

El tratamiento de los adjetivos de relación en el diccionario de la academia.
La polisemia del nombre ESPERANZA: su delimitación en lexemas
Authors: Sanromán Vilas Begoña
Published: August 2019

La polisemia del nombre ESPERANZA: su delimitación en lexemas.
Machado, José Pedro (1994): Os estrangeirismos na língua portuguesa, Lisboa, Ed. Notícias, Col. Linguística
Authors: Lavouras Lopes António , Rebello de Andrade Ana
Published: August 2019

Resenha de livro: Machado, José Pedro (1994): Os estrangeirismos na língua portuguesa, Lisboa, Ed. Notícias, Col. Linguística.
Trabajo de cuidado: mercantilización y desvalorización
Authors: Pineda D. Javier A.
Published: August 2019

Based on the conceptual turn of care that has taken place in the last decade in Latin America, this article presents, for the Colombian case, the increasing commodification of care activities and argues that this process has not only been highly feminized but has also led to new forms of devaluation of care and women’s work. In general, this process is evidenced in the domestic service of paid care in family and, specifically, in the work of institutionalized care of the elderly, based on both quantitative and qualitative sources. It is argued that despite changes in the modalities of domestic service provision and the advance in the professionalization of the institutionalized care of elderly, the commodification has led to a devaluation of the work of caregivers, which in turn affects the exercise and development of the ethics of care.
Trabajo y mujeres privadas de la libertad: trabajando al margen del derecho laboral
Authors: Sánchez-Mejía Astrid , Morad Juliana
Published: August 2019

Based on a mixed-methodology research, this article shows that the socio-economic profile of the majority of women deprived of their liberty in Colombia is characterized by a multiple marginality situation, due to the connection between gender and low socio-economic status. Likewise, this text explores the specific needs and the experiences of these women in relation to work, by considering their profile and role as primary caregivers. The analysis is divided into three moments: before detention, in prison, and after returning to the community where it is evident that prison strengthens inequality linked to their gender and low socio economic status. These social-economic vulnerability conditions include precarious employment. It is fundamental to offer programs, interventions, and services that consider women’s profile and their situation, particularly, training in prison for a job that will be productive and useful when released. Additionally, it is important to rethink the scope of labor law in relation to prison work.
Comunicação e educação: as pontes da linguagem
Authors: Citelli Adilson Odair
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho procura elaborar reflexão acerca de alguns procedimentos discursivos que circundam a escola, os docentes e discentes, tendo em vista o possível exercício (ou sua negação) dos procedimentos dialógicos. A partir deste vetor são expandidas e cruzadas indagações acerca do aspecto propriamente comunicacional que estaria presente (ou ausente) nas salas de aula, seja nas relações presenciais seja naquelas mediadas pelos dispositivos técnicos. Levanta-se a hipótese segundo a qual os andamentos monológicos, tendentes a ser associados aos circuitos tradicionais da linguagem exercitada nas salas de aula, estão se fazendo presentes, também, quando entram em cena aparatos tecnológicos acionados com a finalidade de cumprir propósitos didático-pedagógicos.
A imaterialização da marca: da economia da mercadoria à economia da transformação
Authors: Dias Carla Suzana , Baptista Ana
Published: August 2019

No mundo atual as marcas têm vindo a reconhecer que o design e a produção de objetos representa apenas uma parte do seu negócio. Assim, esforçam-se por desenvolver com sucesso novas estratégias de marketing como o branding baseado na experiência. Todavia, alguns autores apontam para a necessidade da economia se basear em algo mais duradouro do que a memória que o serviço ou a experiência de uma marca possa despertar no público. Sustentam, portanto, a importância de se desenvolver a ‘Economia da Transformação’. Neste artigo iremos discutir o processo de imaterialização da marca e, consequentemente, a mudança do seu valor económico ao longo das últimas décadas. Apoiados em autores de referência de diversas áreas, procuramos contribuir para a reflexão e reconhecimento de fatores contemporâneos que possam estar implicados num crescimento económico futuro.
As materialidades e seus discursos
Authors: Gomes Mayra Rodrigues
Published: August 2019

Este artigo é um exercício sobre a concepção de que os discursos revelam-se em seus efeitos, a saber, nas materialidades que produzem. Com ele exploramos o que se entende por discurso e, a fim de confirmar suas materialidades, examinamos as evoluções, ao longo dos anos, de propagandas voltadas para o público infantil. As propagandas do Danoninho e suas transformações numa linha temporal constituem o foco a partir do qual descortinamos a potência dos discursos. Como peças publicitárias que recorrem à ideia de uma boa alimentação, essas propagandas compõem ótimo material para o vislumbre de biopoderes.
A incontinência urinária no discurso publicitário: uma “doença silenciosa”
Authors: Dreher Daniela Zeni , Mocelin Cassia Engres , Schwengber Maria Simone Vione
Published: August 2019

Resumo: O artigo problematiza a condição de incontinência urinária em mulheres, na cultura midiática, pensada como possibilidade de educação dos corpos, perguntando: como as mulheres incontinentes são posicionadas a partir de um anúncio publicitário? Como corpus de análise, utilizamos a campanha publicitária da marca Plenitud®-Histórias Corajosas: Lorena. O recurso metodológico opera a técnica de análise de discurso na perspectiva Foucaultiana. O anúncio vincula a incontinência a um objeto, a roupa íntima descartável. Educa para o consumo, limita as diferentes perspectivas de tratamento e sugere o uso desta “calcinha” como solução para o problema. Posiciona a mulher como mãe e reforça discursivamente que a incontinência urinária é uma doença silenciosa. De maneira sutil, reafirma estereótipos relacionados à limitação da vida sexualmente ativa em consequência da doença.
Waqf Development in Marawi City via Issuance of Perpetual Waqf Sukuk
Authors: Shukri Nur , Zamri Siti , Muneeza Aishath , Ghulam Hanif
Published: August 2019

Since 2017, the city of Marawi was left in ruins after five months of aerial bombardments and close-quarter fighting between Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) and government forces. Many buildings were destroyed; mosques and schools are no exceptions. While rebuilding efforts have begun in the city, the government has limited resources to fund city reconstruction and Waqf properties (e.g. mosques and schools) are not constitutionally considered as part of the government assets. Fortunately, the government seeks to channel funding for city reconstruction, including Islamic finance schemes. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the opportunities and challenges to rebuild Waqf properties through the issuance of Sukuk, Islamic bond. This paper adopts a qualitative research approach where secondary sources such as books, journals, articles and websites related to Waqf are reviewed. The paper also examines the successful examples of Sukuk-Waqf as part of the analysis.
Developing Regional Healthcare Facilities in Maldives through Mudharabah Perpetual Sukuk
Authors: Badeeu Fathimath , Nafiz Aminath , Muneeza Aishath
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this paper is to identify the underlying issues of healthcare system in Maldives in order to provide an understanding of the challenges facing healthcare providers in islands and atolls in a wider context. The paper scrutinizes the financial burden faced by the current healthcare system in Maldives. It also proposes shariah compliant mechanism that can be utilized to minimize financial burden in a long-term basis. It is hoped that the outcome of the research will assist the policymakers of Maldives to devise a shariah compliant mechanism to finance the development of atoll and island health facilities in a sustainable manner.