bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 2022 population census in Serbia: Sociopolitical context and methodological innovations
Authors: Vasić Petar
Published: November 2023

Since the first modern census was conducted in Serbia in 1866, 20 censuses have been conducted to date. However, controversy regarding the field research, structure of questions and use of data has never been stronger. The sociopolitical context, in other European countries alike, that preceded the 2022 census was marked by low-key invitations from government representatives to participate in the Census, an inconspicuous campaign by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, conspiracy theories on disseminated social networks and calls for a boycott. On the other hand, despite methodological improvements, the census was marked by implementation problems, untrained enumerators, lack of manpower in the field, and the imputation from administrative sources of persons who did not participate in the Census. It seems that this time some of major causes of field research problems and, once again, methodological incompatibilities with previous censuses, were the inadequate communication with the public and insufficient training levels of enumerators.
Needs analysis for developing culturally responsive teaching for remedial education: What do teachers need?
Authors: Al As , Mohamad Nasrib , Alias Aliza
Published: November 2023

Culturally responsive teaching modifies the learning experience by building an atmosphere that celebrates, acknowledges, and establishes the cultural capital that teachers and students create in the classroom. However, lessons that consider culture need to be fully proposed in remedial education. Objectives. Thus, this study views culture as one of the most significant variables to be implemented in remedial education, especially in assisting students' mastery of literacy skills by utilizing needs analysis research for remedial teachers. Methods. The needs analysis procedure was adapted and modified by focusing on three elements: lack situation analysis, present situation analysis, and target situation analysis. Subsequently, data were collected via an online questionnaire involving 252 voluntary remedial teachers from the middle-zone state in Malaysia. Results. The present situation analysis summarizes students' learning in remedial classrooms, indicating a considerable influence when teachers employ cultural-based learning. Nonetheless, the lack situation analysis demonstrates that teachers lack access to teaching resources, and the remedial education curriculum does not emphasize cultural-based learning. Conclusion. Target situation analysis suggests introducing culturally responsive teaching with the components of teaching, connecting, acceptance, classroom community, interaction, and evaluation as practical and wideranging approaches for remedial education. It is proposed that curriculum developers establish a guideline for remedial teachers in utilizing culturally responsive teaching for remedial education.
The Effects of Fiscal Policy on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Orodi Samuel
Published: November 2023

Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to influence economic conditions. Fiscal policies have existed for a long time, with major debates between proponents of the Keynesian model and the monetary approach. Fiscal policy can either be contractionary, expansionary, or neutral. This study analyses the literature on the effect of the national budget on banks performance; effect of Taxation on bank performance; and the effect of public expenditure on performance of Banks in Kenya. The literature shows that government expenditure is a good fiscal policy measure in terms of the positive performance of commercial banks however, there is a need to consider the issue of corruption that negatively affects the expenditure controls that are crucial in an effective government approach in terms of the way the authorities ensure effective expenditure programs. Budget surplus and the positive impact on banks’ lending, no direct or clear argument shows the role of budgeting on commercial banks' performance. Taxes also play an important role in developing infrastructures that are crucial for the improved performance of firms. However, gaps exist in literature that needs to explored by further studies.
Diaspora: Exploring the Use of Affordances and Mobile Mediation among Migrants’ Social Connectedness
Authors: C Sharmila , M.A Mohamed Sahul Hameed
Published: November 2023

The media perform as a way of building and binding humans all over the globe, developing new linkage and amity among folk dwelling elsewhere. Today, ICTs give a new phase for migrants’ expedition to reduce loneliness isolation, promote social interactions and enhance assimilation processes in this context, how migrants use smartphones to foster social connectedness to maintain kinship and amity. This study uses a socio-technical approach by using the concept affordances as a systematic tool to examine how existing literature discusses the relations between migrants’ lifestyle and media technology practices in various phases. Thus, the paper analyses the implications of ICTs and social connectivity among migrants to create a sense of belonging sustain the relationships and process of assimilation. It also contributes to studying migrants’ expedition and social connectedness.
Wenn das Recht versagt
Authors: Bossow Anja
Published: November 2023

Die neue Härte in der Migrationspolitik und der Verlust der Überzeugung, dass das, was das Recht erlaubt und verbietet, überhaupt noch wichtig ist.
Update Article
Authors: Kumar Abhi
Published: November 2023

Update Article We offer a unique experience to our graduate students including
ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียนกับคุณภาพผู้เรียนในโรงเรียน
Authors: ศรีบุญเรือง อภิญญา , อารีรัตน์ วัลลภา
Published: November 2023

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: การบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียนเป็นพฤติกรรมการสอนของครูเพื่อช่วยให้การสอนเกิดประสิทธิภาพ โดยการส่งเสริมบรรยากาศในชั้นเรียน การนำเทคโนโลยีเข้ามาใช้ในการจัดการเรียนการสอน และการจัดกิจกรรมที่เหมาะสมกับผู้เรียนแต่ละคนเพื่อพัฒนาผู้เรียนให้มีคุณภาพ การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษา 1) การบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียน 2) คุณภาพผู้เรียนในโรงเรียน และ 3) ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียนกับคุณภาพผู้เรียนในโรงเรียน
ระเบียบวิธีวิจัย: กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ ผู้บริหารและครูจำนวน 330 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลเป็นแบบสอบถาม มีความเชื่อมั่นเท่ากับ 0.983 สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และการทดสอบค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ของเพียร์สัน
ผลการวิจัย: 1) การบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียน โดยภาพรวม มีค่าเฉลี่ยอยู่ในระดับมากทุกด้าน เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายด้าน พบว่า ด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงที่สุด คือ ด้านการจัดบรรยากาศและสิ่งแวดล้อมที่ปลอดภัย และด้านการนิเทศ ติดตาม และด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยต่ำที่สุด คือ ด้านการนำการเปลี่ยนแปลงสู่ห้องเรียนคุณภาพ ตามลำดับ 2) คุณภาพผู้เรียนในโรงเรียน โดยภาพรวม มีค่าเฉลี่ยอยู่ในระดับมากทุกด้าน เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายด้าน พบว่า ด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงที่สุด คือ ด้านทักษะทางสังคม และด้านที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยต่ำที่สุด คือ ด้านทักษะกระบวนการเรียนรู้ ตามลำดับ และ 3) ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียนกับคุณภาพผู้เรียนในโรงเรียน มีความสัมพันธ์กันอยู่ในระดับสูง (r = 0.765) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.01
สรุปผล: ผลการวิจัยชี้วัดการบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียนแสดงว่ามีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงทั่วทั้งด้าน เน้นที่การจัดบรรยากาศและการนิเทศติดตาม อย่างไรก็ตามการนำการเปลี่ยนแปลงสู่ห้องเรียนคุณภาพมีค่าเฉลี่ยต่ำที่สุด คุณภาพผู้เรียนโดยรวมมีค่าเฉลี่ยสูง โดยทักษะทางสังคมมีค่าสูงที่สุดและทักษะกระบวนการเรียนรู้มีค่าต่ำที่สุด ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการบริหารจัดการชั้นเรียนกับคุณภาพผู้เรียนมีความสัมพันธ์ที่สูง
การตรวจสอบความใช้ได้ของวิธีทดสอบปริมาณแคดเมียม และตะกั่วที่ละลายจากกระดาษสัมผัสอาหาร
Authors: เวฬุวนารักษ์ จิตวิไล , พลหงษ์ นุจรินทร์ , บูรณะกุล วรุณรัตน์ , ลือสายวงศ์ วันดี
Published: November 2023

การตรวจสอบความใช้ได้ของวิธีทดสอบปริมาณแคดเมียม และตะกั่วที่ละลายจากกระดาษสัมผัสอาหารด้วยเทคนิค Inductively Coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ตามวิธีทดสอบมาตรฐาน EN 12498:2005 Paper and board-Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs-Determination of cadmium and lead in an aqueous extract พบว่า ช่วงใช้งานของเครื่องมือสําหรับการทดสอบแคดเมียม และตะกั่ว เท่ากับ 5-50 และ 50-500 ไมโครกรัมต่อลิตร ตามลําดับ ค่าขีดจํากัดการตรวจหาของแคดเมียม และตะกั่ว เท่ากับ 0.5 และ 5.0 ไมโครกรัมต่อลิตร ค่าขีด จํากัดในการวัดเชิงปริมาณของแคดเมียม และตะกั่ว เท่ากับ 5.0 และ 50 ไมโครกรัมต่อลิตร และการศึกษาค่าความโอนเอียง และความเที่ยง มีช่วงร้อยละการคืนกลับ และร้อยละของค่าส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐานสัมพัทธ์ของทั้งสองธาตุอยู่ในช่วง 85.3-94.4 และอยู่ในช่วง 0.63-2.92 ตามลําดับ ค่าความไม่แน่นอนของแต่ละธาตุมีค่าไม่เกินร้อยละ 15 ที่ระดับความเชื่อมั่นร้อยละ 95
เทคนิคชั้นสูงของการสอบเทียบเครื่องวัดระยะชนิดเลเซอร์
Authors: ชินชูศักดิ์ วันชัย , พิมพ์ศรี ชนินธ์ , หอมเซย พิสิฐ , นนทศิริ สริญญา
Published: November 2023

ปัจจุบันเครื่องวัดระยะชนิดเลเซอร์ส่วนมากนิยมใช้วัดระยะในงานก่อสร้าง และงานที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการประยุกต์ใช้การวัด ทั่วไป ในขณะที่ห้องปฏิบัติการสอบเทียบความยาวต้องการหาวิธีการสอบเทียบและการสอบกลับใต้ของเครื่องมือวัดนี้ งานวิจัยนี้นําเสนอเทคนิคขั้นสูงด้วยหัววัตแบบอัจฉริยะ ในการตรวจสอบความถูกต้องเครื่องวัดระยะด้วยเลเซอร์ โดยอ้างอิง บนพื้นฐานหลักการของมาตรฐาน ISO 16331-1 (2012) ที่ระยะอ้างอิงสูงสุด 20 m ด้วยค่าความสามารถการวัตลดลงที่ค่า 0.64 mm, 0.73 mm, และ 0.80 mm ของ 3 ตัวอย่าง ที่ระดับความเชื่อมั่นโดยประมาณ ร้อยละ 95
การศึกษาเชิงปริมาณของสารประกอบ AOX ที่ตกค้างในผ้าที่มีส่วนผสมของเส้นใยธรรมชาติ ในประเทศไทย
Authors: ชูชีพชื่นกมล ชนกานต์ , พรมสอน อรวรรณ , หงษ์ศรี ก่อพงศ์
Published: November 2023

AOX เป็นสารประกอบที่เกิดจากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างลิกนินในเส้นใยธรรมชาติกับคลอรีนหรือสารประกอบคลอรีนในกระบวนการฟอก สารประกอบนี้มีความเสถียรสูง สลายตัวยาก มีความเป็นพิษ สามารถสะสมในสิ่งมีชีวิตได้ ทำให้เกิดความเสียหายในระดับพันธุกรรมทั้งในมนุษย์และสัตว์ ส่งผลเสียต่อการเจริญเติบโตของพืชและระบบต่อมไร้ท่อของสัตว์ การตรวจหาและลดปริมาณ AOX จึงเป็นประเด็นสำคัญ อุตสาหกรรมผ้าเป็นอุตสาหกรรมหนึ่งที่สามารถเกิดสารประกอบ AOX ได้จากขั้นตอนการฟอกผ้า ในหลายประเทศได้มีการกำหนดค่ามาตรฐานขั้นต่ำของปริมาณสารประกอบ AOX ในผลิตภัณฑ์ผ้าและน้ำเสียจากโรงงานผลิตผ้า แต่ในประเทศไทยไม่ได้มีการกำหนดค่ามาตรฐานไว้ งานวิจัยนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์ที่จะศึกษาและเปรียบเทียบปริมาณสารประกอบ AOX ที่ตกค้างในตัวอย่างผ้าที่มีส่วนผสมของเส้นใยธรรมชาติที่เป็นที่นิยมใช้และมีขายทั่วไปในท้องตลาดภายในประเทศ จำนวน 6 ชนิด ประกอบด้วย ผ้าฝ้ายไม่ฟอก ผ้าฝ้ายฟอกขาว ผ้ายีนส์ฟอก ผ้าลินิน ผ้าป่านมัสลิน ผ้าฝ้ายผสมเส้นใยสังเคราะห์พอลิเอสเทอร์ โดยใช้วิธีการสกัดสารด้วยซอกห์เลต (Soxhlet extraction) โดยใช้น้ำเป็นตัวทำละลาย และหาปริมาณสารประกอบ AOX ตามวิธีทดสอบมาตรฐาน ISO 9562 จากการศึกษาพบว่าผ้าทั้ง 6 ชนิด มีสารประกอบ AOX โดยผ้าฝ้ายฟอกขาวมีปริมาณสารประกอบ AOX ตกค้างมากที่สุดเท่ากับ 56.34 มิลลิกรัมต่อกิโลกรัมของผ้าแห้ง และผ้าฝ้ายผสมใยสังเคราะห์มีปริมาณสารประกอบ AOX น้อยที่สุดเท่ากับ 7.73 มิลลิกรัมต่อกิโลกรัมของผ้าแห้ง เมื่อเทียบปริมาณสารประกอบ AOX ที่ตกค้างในผ้ากับเกณฑ์ที่ Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) กำหนด พบว่า ปริมาณสารประกอบ AOX ที่ตกค้างในผ้าทั้ง 6 ชนิดมีค่าสูงกว่าเกณฑ์ซึ่งกำหนดไว้ไม่เกิน 5.00 มิลลิกรัมต่อกิโลกรัมผ้าแห้ง
Immolare in Virgilio
Authors: Gagliardi Paola
Published: November 2023

The verb immolare has only three occurrences in the entire Virgilian work, all in the Aeneid and all referring to Aeneas: in his slaughter after the death of Pallas in l. X he makes human sacrifices and when he kills Turnus at the end of the poem, he defines it as a sacrifice. The contrast between the sacred value of immolation and the horror of human sacrifice is surprising and deserves an analysis.

Il verbo immolare ha solo tre occorrenze nell’intera opera virgiliana, tutte nell’Eneide e tutte riferite ad Enea e ai sacrifici umani che egli compie nell’ira per la morte di Pallante nel l. X e all’uccisione di Turno nel finale del poema, che egli definisce come un sacrificio. Il contrasto tra il valore sacrale di immolare e l’orrore del sacrificio umano è sorprendente e merita un approfondimento.
Las afecciones cutáneas de Galeno según el De simplicibus medicinis VI de Gerardo de Cremona
Authors: Díaz Marcos Marina
Published: November 2023

Skin problems caused by internal or external factors to the human body have been studied since ancient times. In the 2nd century, Galen of Pergamon wrote De simplicium medicinalum facultatibus, a work on simple drugs among which we find treatments still used today to heal rashes, eczema, abscesses, etc. This treatise was translated into Syriac, Arabic and Latin. This last version, the Latin one carried out by Gerard of Cremone in the 12th century, arouses the greatest interest, since it includes the recipes described by Galen, but with the contributions of the Greeks, Syrians and Arabs, not only in its content, but in the technical lexicon used. The aim of this work is to present, through Gerard’s De simplicibus medicinis, the Latin translation of Galen’s treatise, the vision that the Western Late Middle Ages had of the natural medicine of Galen to heal skin disorders, and the (strongly Arabized) medical vocabulary used in that translation.

Los problemas cutáneos provocados por factores internos o externos al cuerpo humano han sido motivo de estudio desde la Antigüedad. En el siglo II Galeno de Pérgamo redactó el De simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus, una obra sobre remedios simples entre los cuales encontramos tratamientos utilizados todavía hoy en día para curar erupciones, eccemas, abscesos, etc. Este tratado fue traducido al siríaco, árabe y latín, y es esta última, la versión latina realizada desde el árabe por Gerardo de Cremona en el siglo XII, la que despierta mayor interés, ya que recoge las recetas descritas por Galeno, pero con las aportaciones de los griegos, sirios y árabes, no solo en su contenido, sino en el léxico técnico empleado. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar, a través del De simplicibus medicinis de Gerardo, la traducción latina del tratado de Galeno, la visión que la Baja Edad Media occidental tenía de la medicina natural de Galeno para curar afecciones de la piel, y el vocabulario médico, fuertemente arabizado, utilizado en dicha traducción.
Las imágenes marinas en el diálogo Sobre el sacerdocio de Juan Crisóstomo:
Authors: Ángel y Espinós Jesús
Published: November 2023

In the present paper the author has analyzed the images related to the sea that can be found in the dialogue On the priesthood by John Chrysostom. These images especially emphasize the negative and dangerous aspects of the sea. In addition, these similes are often interwoven with others of medical content, a subject that deeply interested the Greek writer.

En el presente trabajo se ha procedido a analizar las imágenes relativas al mar que se registran en el diálogo Sobre el sacerdocio de Juan Crisóstomo. Estas imágenes insisten sobre todo en su faz negativa y peligrosa. Además, en no pocas ocasiones estos símiles se entrelazan con otros de temática médica, una materia que interesaba profundamente al autor griego.
Analysis of vehicle pedestrian crash severity using advanced machine learning techniques
Authors: Ul Arifeen Siyab , Ali Mujahid , Macioszek Elżbieta
Published: November 2023

In 2015, over 17% of pedestrians were killed during vehicle crashes in Hong Kong while it raised to 18% from 2017 to 2019 and expected to be 25% in the upcoming decade. In Hong Kong, buses and the metro are used for 89% of trips, and walking has traditionally been the primary way to use public transportation. This susceptibility of pedestrians to road crashes conflicts with sustainable transportation objectives. Most studies on crash severity ignored the severity correlations between pedestrian-vehicle units engaged in the same impacts. The estimates of the factor effects will be skewed in models that do not consider these within-crash correlations. Pedestrians made up 17% of the 20,381 traffic fatalities in which 66% of the fatalities on the highways were pedestrians. The motivation of this study is to examine the elements that pedestrian injuries on highways and build on safety for these endangered users. A traditional statistical model's ability to handle misfits, missing or noisy data, and strict presumptions has been questioned. The reasons for pedestrian injuries are typically explained using these models. To overcome these constraints, this study used a sophisticated machine learning technique called a Bayesian neural network (BNN), which combines the benefits of neural networks and Bayesian theory. The best construction model out of several constructed models was finally selected. It was discovered that the BNN model outperformed other machine learning techniques like K-Nearest Neighbors, a conventional neural network (NN), and a random forest (RF) model in terms of performance and predictions. The study also discovered that the time and circumstances of the accident and meteorological features were critical and significantly enhanced model performance when incorporated as input. To minimize the number of pedestrian fatalities due to traffic accidents, this research anticipates employing machine learning (ML) techniques. Besides, this study sets the framework for applying machine learning techniques to reduce the number of pedestrian fatalities brought on by auto accidents.
R-Matrix Codes for Charged-particle Reactions in the Resolved Resonance Region (5)
Authors: Leeb Helmut , Dimitriou Paraskevi , Thompson Ian
Published: November 2023

Consultants’ Meeting was held at the IAEA Headquarters from 13 to 14 May 2019, to discuss the results of a coordinated effort to verify the minimization techniques implemented in the R-matrix codes through a well-defined exercise. Five R-matrix codes were included in this second exercise: AZURE2, CONRAD, EDA, SFRESCOX, and SAMMY. Furthermore, the final exercise which is the evaluation of the 7Be system was agreed upon at this meeting. This report summarizes the presentations and technical discussions of the meeting, as well as any additional actions that were proposed.
Antineutrino spectra and their applications
Authors: Fallot M. , Littlejohn B. , Dimitriou Paraskevi
Published: November 2023

A summary is given of a Technical Meeting assembled to review the status-of-affairs in experiments, models and nuclear data associated with the determination of the anti-neutrino flux and spectrum as produced by reactor neutrinos. Participants discussed the latest experimental results in measurements and models and recommended future improvements in the data analysis, nuclear model corrections and nuclear decay data. There was overall consensus that the field of reactor neutrinos would benefit from international coordination in the form of an international working group. Details of the discussions and the proposed actions are presented in this summary report.
The Information System for Promotion of Products for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Hinai Village is Website-Based With a Membership Method
Authors: Leni Marlina  , Sri Wahyuni  , Indri Sulistianingsih
Published: November 2023

The requirements of Hinai Kanan Village's BUMDes are taken into account when creating MSME Product Promotion Applications. The purpose of this study was to boost local product sales and MSMEs' visibility in order to impact village economic development and raise community revenue. The present study used the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology, encompassing various stages such as requirements analysis, prototype creation, system development, and deployment. This study employs a member approach to the application so that MSME players can upload product photographs to the MSME product marketing application in Hinai Kanan Village right away. The research's conclusions demonstrate how well this approach works to sell MSME goods in Hinai Kanan Village and how easily it may reach markets outside of the village. The web-based platform enables MSME owners to easily engage with customers, exhibit their products, and take online orders. The application of this strategy leads to improved product visibility and sales, which is beneficial for local economies. Growing sales of MSME goods boost household incomes and contribute to Hinai Kanan Village's economic expansion.
Analysing the Issue of Psychiatric Assisted Dying from the Perspective of Parity: Does Parity Demand Access?
Authors: Enefer Allegra
Published: November 2023

The UK is ostensibly committed to achieving parity of esteem between mental and physical health, and yet attempts to legalise assisted dying in recent years have focused exclusively on physical suffering. In this article I will analyse the issue of psychiatric assisted dying from a ‘parity perspective’. According to this perspective, a blanket prohibition on psychiatric assisted dying would only be justified if there existed a relevant difference between mental and physical illness which could not be accommodated with proportionate safeguards. Three justifications for treating these cases differently have been advanced in the literature: firstly, that the normative rationale for assisted dying could only apply to physical suffering; secondly, that mental illness cannot be considered ‘incurable’; and thirdly, that severely mentally ill patients cannot be considered competent to request assisted dying. As I will demonstrate, none of these justifications are persuasive. Furthermore, risks which do exist specifically in the psychiatric context can be accommodated through parity-focused safeguards. I will conclude that no relevant difference exists between mental and physical illness that proportionally justifies a blanket prohibition on psychiatric assisted dying. Therefore, any attempt to legalise assisted dying in England and Wales must permit access for certain psychiatric patients.
Enforceability of OECD Linking Rules in the Light of EU Law
Authors: Vanden Berghe Bruno
Published: November 2023

To counter tax arbitrage resulting from the use of hybrid financial instruments, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) suggested the implementation of anti-hybrid mismatch rules, which align the domestic tax treatment of hybrid financial instruments with their tax treatment in foreign countries. This paper assesses the enforceability of these so-called “linking rules” in the light of European Union (EU) law. Since the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has yet to rule on their relation to EU law, considerable weight is assigned to legal literature and comparable ECJ case law. Following the various steps of the analytical framework adopted by the ECJ, the author concludes that OECD linking rules are enforceable in the light of EU law, provided that the Member States implementing these rules domestically complement them with additional conditions.
Building the Conscience of Humankind: An Analysis of the Use of Selective Imagery on the 75th Anniversary of International Criminal Justice
Authors: Gerenni Kevin
Published: November 2023

Last November marked the 75th anniversary of the start of the Nuremberg Trials, a milestone that the Tokyo Trial will in turn reach next May. These two proceedings instituted the long-awaited birth of international criminal justice, after the frustrated trial of Kaiser Wilhelm II following the Great War and the Treaty of Versailles. From the very outset, images played a fundamental role in shaping international criminal justice before its audience. This article analyses how the use of visual elements (i.e., the depiction of victim suffering) has been instrumental in driving international criminal justice–and, therefore, law–in certain directions, whereas censorship (i.e., the depiction of victimlessness) has contributed to the avoidance of undesired paths. I argue that this manipulation through image has been utilised to build a conscience of humankind and thus achieve greater legitimacy of international criminal law in its inaugural trials, while attempting to conceal one of the greatest pitfalls of the field: selectivity.
Chip Off the Old Block: Acknowledging the Obstacles to Widespread Adoption of Blockchain Bills of Lading
Authors: Fava Jake
Published: November 2023

The bill of lading has been a staple of the maritime shipping industry for centuries. Its evolution to facilitate three core functions was slow and arduous, with little change in the bill of lading’s form and function ever since. The advancement of electronic communication brought the prospect of electronic alternatives; however, the concept never succeeded, plagued with issues of excessive costs, trust and privacy concerns from industry participants and a lack of global legal recognition of the electronic bill of lading and the three functions. But the advent of blockchain technology has brought with it the prospect of blockchain bills of lading overcoming the problems of the past. This article argues that despite the promise of the technology, the global adoption of blockchain bills of lading is not guaranteed. It first addresses the lack of a universal legal framework, be it via uniform domestic laws or an international instrument, and evaluates the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records as an imperfect but necessary solution. It also highlights that the technology’s commercial scalability is dependent on establishing a broad global network of industry participants, which in turn requires overcoming issues of trust in the technology and industry competitors, accessibility, and interoperability of the various siloed blockchain solutions that currently exist. These obstacles can arguably be overcome, but it requires addressing both the legal and non-legal issues simultaneously rather than linearly, as well as unprecedented coordination between key industry stakeholders and public organisations at the domestic, regional and international levels.
The European Court of Human Rights and austerity measures in the Eurozone: an ally against human rights violations or merely a bystander?
Authors: Intzipeoglou Ifigeneia
Published: November 2023

The 2008 financial crisis created a domino effect that affected national economies around the globe, forcing many to adopt severe austerity measures. This paper, using four Eurozone countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, the Netherlands) as examples, will attempt to evaluate the mediocre response of ECtHR to violations of the right to property and due process caused by austerity, and subsequently try to explain the ECtHR’s stance on the matter by analysing the doctrines of margin of appreciation, subsidiarity and legitimacy. A brief comparison of the responses of the other regional institutions in similar cases, especially the European Committee of Social Rights (ECSR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) will follow before exploring possible implications for the future based on the attitude of the Court towards other crises and the development of its jurisprudence regarding socio-economic rights.
Self-Defence Against Non-State Actors: Reconceptualising the Legality of the ‘Unwilling or Unable’ Test in Light of the Doctrine of Necessity in International Law.
Authors: Bhaskaran Suraj D
Published: November 2023

The ‘unwilling or unable’ test is a real-world challenge that has the potential to make a mockery of the cornerstone of modern international law in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. The increasing prevalence of unattributable armed attacks by NSAs provides an opportunity for powerful victim States to expand the notion of the inherent right of self-defence through the ‘unwilling or unable’ test, without any real thorough basis to their reasoning. To complicate matters further, the dangers of State silence in the face of the unwilling or unable justification from primarily powerful Western States seeking to invoke self-defence, may end up playing into the hands of proponents of the ‘unwilling or unable’ test. This potentially contributes to ‘norm entrepreneurship’ and the shaping of international law in their favour through the expansion of self-defence to incorporate the test itself. Despite the uncertainty surrounding the legality of the test, the fact remains that the legitimising of predatory force against primarily weaker host States in the Global South by primarily powerful victim States in the Global North cannot continue and has to be addressed in order to avoid the abuse of the test in the name of self-defence. The principle of necessity provides this foundation and is the key to engaging States in a discourse that seeks to bring the ‘unwilling or unable’ test into greater compliance with the jus ad bellum regime. This paper refines Deeks’ test a decade earlier, through the notion of reasonableness and objectivity under the principle of necessity, and aims to contribute to the debate on the ‘unwilling or unable’ doctrine by clarifying the possible practical application of the test in order to strike as close a balance between the inherent right of self-defence on one hand, and State sovereignty and territorial integrity on the other.
The Separability of Law and Morality as an Intriguing Conundrum within Legal Positivism: Lessons from The Concept of Law
Authors: Yeon Thomas
Published: November 2023

This essay critically examines HLA Hart’s conception of the relationship between law and morality as delineated in his most famous work, The Concept of Law. In evaluating his contention that there is no necessary conceptual connection between law and morality, Hart’s conceptions of the ‘minimum content of natural law’ and difference between legal and moral obligations will be analysed. It will also examine the moral implications of his account of ‘internal point of view’, which is the view of individuals who see rules as standards of appraisal of their own and others’ behaviour. This essay seeks to reveal the problematic nature of Hart’s contention on both normative and methodological grounds. It will, however, also defend that his contention remains a jurisprudential conundrum in understanding the role of law in the social context.
A Directly-Elected House of Lords: A Proposal for Reform
Authors: Park See Hyun
Published: November 2023

This article proposes a possible reform of the House of Lords, namely to its composition and functions. By examining previous reform attempts as well as the current criticisms and issues facing the United Kingdom’s upper chamber, the article contends that the House of Lords is necessary due to the benefits of a bicameral legislature that it offers to the United Kingdom. The article provides arguments in favour of the implementation of direct elections and addresses criticisms of this scheme. Subsequently, this article argues in favour of a system of party-list proportional representation; it reviews other electoral systems, examines the merits of party-list proportional representation and offers successful examples of its current implementation by other states. Finally, the article offers a prediction of the overall effects on the relationship between the House of Commons and the House of Lords if direct elections are implemented.
DIAGNÓSTICO EDUCATIVO DE PACIENTES COM DESORDENS OSTEOMIOARTICULARES EM TRATAMENTO NA FISIOTERAPIA
Authors: Lopes Camila de Souza , Renovato Rogério Dias , de Araújo Marcos Antônio Nunes
Published: November 2023

O objetivo desse artigo é identificar diagnósticos educativos de pacientes em tratamento na fisioterapia acometidos com desordens osteomioarticulares. Metodologia A pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa com amostragem por conveniência. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de diagnósticos clínicos, anamnese fisioterapêutica e entrevistas. Para a organização e análise dos dados foram utilizadas à análise de conteúdo de Bardin e estudos de Maria Helena Salgado Bagnato sobre práticas educativas em saúde. Também, foi aplicada, a técnica de elaboração e análise de unidades de significados através de relatos, atitudes e interpretação. Aliada a essa técnica, foi utilizado, procedimentos, a fim de criar indicadores e qualificadores para avaliar e identificar os diagnósticos educativos. Resultados: Foram identificados dois diagnósticos educativos: a) proporcionar troca de saberes diante da nova situação de saúde; b) prover condições para o sujeito se adaptar e enfrentar a desordem. Conclusão: Após a realização desse estudo, foi evidenciada a importância do diagnóstico educativo, que requer múltiplas perspectivas nos níveis corporal, pessoal, social, histórico, além de valorizar os saberes da vida cotidiana, suas vivencias e experiências. Ao associar o diagnóstico educativo ao diagnóstico funcional fisioterapêutico surgem novos olhares para a busca da funcionalidade e capacidade física, saúde e qualidade de vida do paciente e, tende a contribuir com a prática do fisioterapeuta como educador em saúde.
Immunogenic cell death and its emerging inducers:the next generation immunotherapy
Authors: Kumar Yashwant
Published: November 2023

Understanding immunogenic cell death (ICD) and its ability to trigger potent antitumor immune responses has revolutionized cancer treatment. Innovative approaches like oncolytic virotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and nanotechnology have remarkable potential in promoting ICD and enhancing the immune response against cancer. Combining these therapies with immunotherapies improves effectiveness and reduces side effects. ICD can be induced by various agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs, oncolytic viruses, and PDT, activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and generating reactive oxygen species. Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in drug delivery and enhancing ICD induction. These advancements offer a transformative era in cancer treatment, leveraging the immune system's power and promising improved patient outcomes in the fight against cancer.
Analisis Efesiensi Dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Varietas Pandanwangi Pola Tanam Jajar Legowo 4:1 Pada Lahan Sawah Irigasi Teknis Di Kabupaten Bondowoso
Authors: Tapaningsih Weni Indah Doktri Agus , Soemarjono Eko
Published: November 2023

The Research focused on efeciency and income of Pandanwangi Rice farming system with the legowo 4:1 cropping pattern in canals irrigation rice fields in Bondowoso Regency. The research area was chosen in Bataan Village, Tenggarang District, Bondowoso Regency. The sampling technique was total sampling, in which the number of samples was equal than population. The sample of this research was 28 respondents. The analysis used in this research was income and efficiency analysis. Based on the results, it was found that the Pandanwangi Rice farming system with the legowo 4:1 cropping pattern in canals irrigation rice fields in Bataan Village, Tenggarang District, Bondowoso Regency produced avarage income Rp. 6,000,000.-/ha and efficient.
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI PECAHAN MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT BERBANTUAN TABEL PECAHAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IVB SEMESTER II UPTD SPF SD NEGERI BATAAN 1 KEC. TENGGARANG KAB. BONDOWOSO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Zainullah Zainullah
Published: November 2023

‘Pecahan’ pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu kondisi yang pasti kita jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari termasuk dalam kehidupan anak (siswa) . Sesuatu yang dekat dengan kehidupan, seyogyanya sudah dikenal  dan mudah untuk dipahami. Pada kenyataannya dalam pembelajaran pecahan di kelas IVB SDN Bataan 1 masih banyak dijumpai peserta didik yang kurang antusias, sedikit dan cenderung siswa tertentu saja yang mau bertanya. Hal tersebut menyebabkan prestasi belajar peserta didik masih rendah.  Pada materi sebelumnya (pecahan senilai) hanya 47% siswa yang mencapai KKM (70) dengan nilai rata-rata 60,24. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, peneliti berupaya meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pecahan pada siswa kelas IVB semester II UPTD SPF SDNegeriBataan 1 Kec. Tenggarang Kab. Bondowoso dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT berbantuan tabel pecahan.

Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, tiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dan melalui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IVB semester II SDN Bataan  1 Kec. Tenggarang Kab. Bondowoso tahun pelajaran 2018/2019, dengan jumlah 30 siswa yang terdiri dari 21 siswa laki-laki dan 9 siswa perempuan. Data yang diperoleh adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini meliputi nilai kemampuan guru rata-rata minimal 4, persentase aktivitas belajar siswa sekurang-kurangnya 60%, dan rata-rata nilai kelas ≥ 70 dengan persentase tuntas belajar klasikal sekurang-kurangnya 85%.

Dari pelaksanaan siklus I diperoleh nilai kemampuan guru sebesar 4,57. Pada siklus II, nilai kemampuan guru meningkat menjadi 4,86. Pada siklus I, persentase aktivitas belajar siswa mencapai 55,97% (Tinggi) dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 84,17% (Sangat Tinggi). Pada siklus I, rata-rata nilai prestasi belajar siswa mencapai 72,23 dengan persentase tuntas klasikal sebesar 56,67%. Sementara, pada siklus II rata-rata nilai hasil belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 80,43 dengan persentase tuntas belajar klasikal sebesar 86,67%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT berbantuan tabel pecahan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pecahan pada peserta didik kelas IVB semester II UPTD SPF SDN Bataan 1 Kec. Tenggarang Kab. Bondowoso tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.
The Paradigm Shift in Search and Rescue Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic in California
Authors: Young Christopher S.
Published: November 2023

On March 4, a State of Emergency was declared followed on March 19, when the Governor of California issued mandatory stay-at-home orders. Prior to the state mandate on March 16, the San Francisco Bay Area counties issued their own more stringent orders to shelter in place and shut down many businesses. However, the orders exempted essential services including search and rescue. The dilemma…how to provide search and rescue services to the communities we serve and still protect the mostly volunteer search and rescue personnel? This paper discusses how one search and rescue team along with the search and rescue community of the San Francisco Bay area responded to the new paradigm shift, the challenges and changes implemented to respond to a missing person incident, the results of a survey to determine how teams had modified response, and an example of response guidelines during COVID-19. KEY WORDS: COVID-19, Shelter in Place, Social Distancing, PPE
Assessing Performance of Fish Farmer Producer Company in Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal
Authors: Saha Biswarup , Talukdar Diyasha , Pandit Arun , De H. K.
Published: November 2023

The present study is aimed at assessing the performance of a Fish Farmers Producers Company ofDakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal. Bhuihara Farmers Producer Company Limited with 551 membership base and having been established three years ago was selected. The overall performance score of the FFPC worked out based on Mukherjee (2018) scale was found to be 6.92. Technical efficiency score of the fish farmers, calculated following Coelli (1996) was found to be> 0.75. The analysis indicates that fish farmers can, on an average, increase their output by 25%, operating at the best scale possible and eliminating pure technical inefficiencies by implementing the most effective farming methods. According to the study, the biggest issue with overall technical inefficiency can be resolved by addressing the issue with pure technical efficiency. Skill gap and thereby training needs were identified by working out Mean Weighted Discrepancy Score. The highest training needs were in fish seed production & hatchery management skills (MWDS = 11.25), live fish handling and quality assessment skills (MWDS = 10 .12 ), pond hazard management skills (MWDS = 9.92), farm business and record keeping (MWDS = 9.2) and pest and disease management skill (MWDS = 9 .16).
Unravelling an Alternate Low Cost Eco-Friendly Approach for Treating Freshwater Fish Lice in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Hoque Farhana , Hussan Ajmal , Mandal Rathindra Nath , Chakrabarti Parthapratim , Das Arabinda , Adhikari Subhendu , Paul Baidya Nath
Published: November 2023

The infestation of freshwater fish lice belonging to the genus Argulus occur repeatedly in freshwater fish farms due to poor management practices. Preventative methods and regular monitoring often fails to control the outbreak, and in tum chemical interventions become necessary. In the present study, the outbreak of freshwater fish lice Argulus in Rohu (Labeo rohita) has been reported at a farm in Kalyani, West Bengal. A framework was developed for sustainable eco-friendly and cost effective treatment of Argulus using salt at 10 g/L for 3 minute, followed by formalin at 40 μ/L for 3 minute, potassium permanganate at 0.5 g/L for 3 minute and turmeric at 5 g/L for 3 minute, respectively in-vivo. Mean intensity, abundance and prevalence of the Argulus sp. was assessed as the most suitable descriptors to determine the impact of the treatment. The parasite was grouped abundant (85%) in Labeo rohita prior to the treatment, whereas, post-treatment, the parasites became rare (5%) in the same fish. Significant reduction in the mean intensity and abundance of Argulus sp. was also recorded post-treatment, which implied the efficiency of the treatment process in eradicating Argulus. Combined with the multiple bath treatment, mechanical control through vigorous shaking of the affected fish was also found effective and hence may be recommended to the farmers as the suitable control strategy of the freshwater fish lice subjected to further validation in different field condition.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Marcussen Martin
Published: November 2023

På universiteternes videreuddannelser for mellemledere i den offentlige sektor har det ofte været fast pensum at forstå, at frontlinjemedarbejdere typisk er motiveret af at gøre noget godt for samfundet og medborgerne – Public Service Motivation. Man er endog gået skridtet videre og har fastslået, at decentrale lønforhandlinger og løntilskud kunne have direkte negative konsekvenserfor de offentlige ansattes motivation.
Lønsystemer i det offentlige – variationer i parternes holdninger mellem grupper og over tid
Authors: Mailand Mikkel
Published: November 2023

Artiklen viser, at decentral løn som forhandlingsemne tenderer til at blive fortrængt af andre lønemner som reallønssikring, reguleringsordning og ligeløn, og at det sandsynligvis er sværest at skabe ændringer i lønsystemerne under lavkonjunktur,fordi lønmodtagerorganisationerne tenderer til at prioritere reallønnen, når lønrammen er lille. Dybere diskussioner af decentral løn tages i højere grad i regi af periodeprojekter og kommissioner end under overenskomstforhandlingerne. Endvidere illustrererartiklen, at billedet af at ’arbejdsgiverne vil have mere decentral løn, mens lønmodtagerne ikke vil’ er forsimplet. Det er primært de statslige arbejdsgivere, der i perioder har presset på for både øgede lokale lønandele og procesmæssige ændringer.På lønmodtagersiden har Akademikerne været de mindst skeptiske over for decentral løn. Endelige argumenteres der for, at 2022 var første gang en regering spillede sig direkte på banen i forhold til spørgsmål om decentral løn.
Løn mellem produktion og velfærd. Reguleringsordningens betydning for løndannelsen i den offentlige sektor
Authors: Ibsen Flemming , Scheuer Steen
Published: November 2023

I denne artikel undersøges det, hvorledes arbejdsmarkedets parter har arbejdet og lykkedes med at skabe institutionelle og aftalemæssige rammer for en balanceret lønudvikling mellem de to sektorer på det danske arbejdsmarked. Udfordringen er atskabe mulighed for en optimal udvikling af dansk eksportvækst og samtidigt sikre en lønudvikling for offentligt ansatte, der matcher de privatansattes og giver mulighed for at rekruttere og fastholde kvalificeret arbejdskraft i den offentlige sektor. Svaret er historisk blevet en aftale mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter, benævnt Reguleringsordningen (RO) fra 1983, som siden er blevet brugt til at balancere løndannelsen mellem den private og offentlige sektor. På baggrund af empiriske analyser af Reguleringsordningensfaktisk funktion siden 2000 konkluderes det, at ordningen har været stærkt medvirkende til at sikre parallelitet i den private og den offentlige løndannelse, men at ordningens fastlåsning af lønhierarkiet i den offentlige sektor har skabt en række uløste vanskeligheder. Løsninger herpå antydes afslutningsvis.
Faglighedens Fødsel: Historien bag faglighedsbegrebets indtog i dansk uddannelses-, arbejdsmarkeds- og forvaltningspolitik
Authors: Laage-Thomsen Jakob , Frandsen Søren Lund
Published: November 2023

Hvordan kom vi alle sammen til at tale om faglighed? I dag er det svært at forestille sig en tid, hvor man ikke talte om viden og vidensarbejde via begrebet faglighed. Men før 1980'erne anvendtes begrebet stort set ikke. I denne artikel søger vi at rokke vedselvfølgelige antagelser og brug af faglighedsbegrebet ved at spore dets historiske spredning fra uddannelsespolitiske kampe i 1980’erne til stort set alle politiske- og forvaltningsområder i 2000’erne og frem. Vi diskuterer, hvordan begrebet bruges på tværs afuddannelses-, professions- og politologiske forskningsområder. På den baggrund kan vi forstå begrebet som en ‘flydende betegner’, der på den ene side er forankret i og refererer til forskellige evner og kompetencer, men samtidigt maksimerer sin kraft ved atkunne inkorporere alle, og ofte udefinerede, former for ‘faglige fællesskab’. Faglighed kan derfor ses som et alternativ til professionalisme og ekspertise, der betegner en delvis ophævelse i den selvfølgelighed og særstatus, der før i tiden har været forbundet med individers eller gruppers besiddelse af en særlig form for viden eller kunnen. Det ironiske er, at begrebetsklang af ‘noget fast’, skjuler den destabilisering, som kendetegner dets opblomstringsperiode, og de uenigheder, der består omkring, hvilke værdier, kompetencer og færdigheder der er værdifulde i fremtidens samfund, og hvordan de skal kompenseres.
Between Scylla and Charybdis. Whatever a Member State Does, It May Expose Itself to Attacks From Both Sides. Lux Express Estonia AS Case C-614/20, Lux Express Estonia AS, Judgment of the Court of Justice (First Chamber) of 8 September 2022, EU:C:2022:641
Authors:   University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński in Warsaw, Rzotkiewicz Marek
Published: November 2023

Member States do not need to use state resources when they accomplish their mission. They may employ resources of private undertakings by imposing on them obligations to provide services of general interest (SGI). The latter choice provides Member States with many benefits. But Member States need to be sure that the scheme they created complies with the rules on State aid law. Some Member States make sure that private undertakings carrying out SGI do not obtain the full remuneration for their services. However, the Court’s judgment in Lux Express Estonia has the potential to change this mechanism, especially as the Court stated that Member States must pay compensation for obligations they impose on private undertakings. What is more, Member States need to be certain they pay the right amount of compensation. Not a penny more, not a penny less.