bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation and Validation of the Persian Version of Mindful Eating Questionnaire
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Rezaei Sajjad , Jahanbin Elham ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Published: March 2022

Background: Wrong eating behaviors increase the risk of numerous chronic diseases. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) in the Iranian population. Methods: In a validation study at the University of Guilan City, Iran, in 2019-2020. First, the MEQ was translated based on the forward-backward method. After applying the changes to the Persian version of MEQ (P-MEQ), 50 participants responded to the P-MEQ twice with an interval of 3 weeks. Then, 384 Iranian students selected by the two-stage cluster sampling method completed the P-MEQ to determine its construct validity. Sixty participants simultaneously filled the P-MEQ and the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI-SF) to determine concurrent validity. To determine known-group validity, 23 very obese participants and a Body Mass Index (BMI) [W1] of over 35 kg/m2 were compared to individuals with a healthy weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. Results: The test-retest reliability of the P-MEQ was obtained as 0.59 for the total score, and it ranged from 0.58 to 0.79 for the subscales. The first-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results indicated that after removing four items with weak factor loading, the five-factor P-MEQ model had appropriate goodness of fit (χ2/df=2.516, RMSEA=0.067, AGFI=0.835, IFI=0.924, & CFI=0.916). The second-order CFA revealed that the latent components of awareness, distraction, disinhibition, emotional response, and external cues reflected the concept of higher levels of mindful eating acceptably (χ2/df=2.545, RMSEA=0.067, AGFI=0.825, IFI=0.912, ‌& CFI=0.905). However, there was a poor relationship between the total score of P-MEQ and FMI-SF (r=0.24, P=0.07). Conclusion: Regardless of concurrent validity, the Persian version of MEQ has proper construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency.
Psychological Distress in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Epilepsy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review Study
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin , Fathi-Ashtiani Mina ,   Department of Educational and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran., Fathi-Ashtiani Ali ,   Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19 as a pandemic can cause a set of feelings of anxiety, fear and tension in society. In fact, the negative impact of pandemic is not limited to physical health problems and can have serious consequences such as anxiety, depression and stress in people, especially those with neurological diseases. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate depression, anxiety and stress in patients with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials & Methods: In this study, the keywords Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy and COVID-19 in the title and abstract of articles published in 2020 (May) and 2021 (July) in reputable international scientific databases Searched for Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and PsycINFO. The PRISMA checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles. Results: In the search, 394 English articles were retrieved and finally 27 final articles were selected for comprehensive review and data extraction. The results showed that patients with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy experienced depression, anxiety, stress, fear, poor sleep quality, mental fatigue and poor quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quarantine has limited patients' access to medication and treatment, resulting in increased seizures and disease severity. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the mental health of patients with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Given that the psychological consequences of the outbreak of COVID-19 are possible to be associated with patients with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy for years, it is necessary to adopt psychological interventions to reduce psychological distress in these patients
The Time-Trend of Multiple Sclerosis Incidence and Prevalence in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Authors:   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Dastoorpoor Maryam , Khodadadi Narges ,   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Majdinasab Nastaran ,   Department of Neurology, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Soltani Majid ,   Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Ghanbari Saeed ,   Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: The prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have increased in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the temporal trends and provide a predictive model in the prevalence and incidence of MS in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from 2006 to 2019 in Khuzestan Province, Southwestern Iran, on 2676 patients registered in the Khuzestan Multiple Sclerosis Center. The simple exponential smoothing model was used to study the time trends and predict the prevalence and incidence of MS in 2020. Results: The mean(SD) age of the examined patients with MS was 31.40(8.94) years; while the mean(SD) age-incidence of MS was 29.19(9.16) years. The sex ratio (female to male) was measured as 3.05. The patients' prevalence and average annual incidences were 57.77 and 4.35per 100000 individuals from 2006 to 2019, respectively. The trend in the MS incidence has been upward with a very slight slope during the years 2006 to 2019. The slope of the increase from 2006 to 2019 was higher for women than men. Conclusions: The collected results suggested that Khuzestan Province is a high-risk area for MS; the prevalence and incidence of the disease are increasing, especially in women. We prognosticate a slight increase in the incidence of MS in the age group of 20 to 50 years. However, the prevalence of the disease in this age group was similar to 2019.
Morphine Consumption During Lactation Impairs Short-Term Neuronal Plasticity in Rat Offspring CA1 Neurons
Authors:   Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Aghighi Fatemeh , Shabani Mohammad ,   Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Talaei Sayyed Alireza ,   Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Facing environmental factors during early postnatal life, directly or indirectly via mother-infant relationships, profoundly affects the structure and function of the mammals’ Central Nervous System (CNS). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of morphine consumption during the lactation period on short-term synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) neurons in rat offspring. Methods: In addition to a group of control mother rats (CO), three groups subcutaneously received 5 (M5), 10 (M10), or 20 (M20) mg/kg morphine every 12 hours during the lactation period. At 45 days old, following the stimulation of the Schaffers’ collaterals, basic field Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in their offspring's hippocampal CA1 neuronal circuits. After the construction input/output curve, paired-pulse stimulations with the inter-stimulus intervals of 20, 80, and 200 ms were applied to determine the short-term synaptic plasticity, and the paired-pulse ratio was evaluated. Results: The baseline synaptic responses of the rats CA1 neurons whose mothers received 10 and 20 mg/kg morphine twice daily during the lactation period decreased compared to the CO animals (P<0.01 & P<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, compared to the controls, the Paired-Pulse Ratio (PPR) of the CA1 neural circuits of M10 and M20 rats at 20 and 80 ms Inter-Stimulus Intervals (ISI) decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions: Morphine exposure during the lactation period has a detrimental impact on the primary synaptic activity and short-term synaptic plasticity of the hippocampal CA1 neuronal circuits of rats’ offspring.
Covid-19 among Multiple Sclerosis Patients and its Outcomes
Authors:   Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Najafi Masood , Eskandarieh Sharareh ,   Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rezaeimanesh Nasim ,   Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Heydari Hora ,   Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moosavi Marzieh ,   Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Harirchian Mohammad Hossein ,   Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease and has resulted in 4533645 deaths until September first, 2021. Since Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receive Immunosuppressive drugs there is a concern that these drugs will reduce the patient's immune system resistance against COVID19. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiology of COVID19 and it's impact on MS patients in our university hospital in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on hospital-based registry data from May 2020 to March 2021. Among more than 500 registered MS patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran who referred within the period of time of our study, 84 patients were reported of infection by SARS-COV2. The diagnosis of MS was confirmed by the McDonald criteria and the diagnosis of COVID-19 in MS patients was made by real time-PCR technique and chest computed tomography. Results: Out of 84 MS patients who were infected by SARS-COV2, 55(65.5%) were women and their mean age was 37.48 years. The most commonly used drugs by MS patients were Rituximab 20 (26.3%) and Dimethyl Fumarate 14(18.4%).Totally 9(10.8%) of the patients needed to be hospitalized due to COVID-19 with mean hospitalization duration of 5.88 days. A total of 1 (1.2%) death was reported. Discussion: In comparison to normal population, it seems that COVID-19 is not more serious in MS patients. Most of the MS patients with COVID-19 infection were not hospitalized and continued their medication during the course of the infection.
The Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic On Neuromyelitis Optica Disorder Patients, After one Year
Authors:   Professor of Neurology , Neurology Department , Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Iran., Ashtari Fereshteh , Mehdipour Roshanak ,   Neurologist, Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Coronavirus 2019 created a pandemic with high mortality recently. People with underlying disease are prone to severe infection. The nature of NMOSD disease and its treatment by immunosuppressant predisposes patients to infection. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical course of NMOSD and also the characteristics of COVID-19 infection in NMOSD patient. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was done in Isfahan, Iran from March 2020 to March 2021. We considered relapses during the year of epidemic and the year before, and also the presentation of COVID-19 infection in the patients of NMOSD Clinic of Isfahan Kashani hospital. Results: Study included 120 patients. Their mean age was 36.37±9.69 and mean duration of disease was 8.49±5.35 years. They experienced overall 36 relapses during the year before epidemic (ARR:0.3) and 29 relapses during COVID-19 epidemic (ARR is 0.24). The maintenance therapy of NMOSD was rituximab in 96 cases, azathioprine in 22 and methotrexate in 2 ones. 35 patients infected by COVID-19 (based on RT-PCR test). 6 of them admitted in hospital and two patients received ICU care. There was one death due to respiratory failure. Conclusion: In spite of suppression of the immune system, neither incidence nor the number of the serious complications of COVID-19 infection was high. Therefore, regarding the disabling nature of NMOSD as well as prolonged epidemic period, it may be reasonable to continue the routine treatment of these patients along with training patients to stick to health protection instructions.
Effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training on Heart Rate Variability, Salivary Cortisol, Anxiety, Stress, and Depression after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Mahallat Branch, Payam Noor University, Mahallat, Iran., Nequee Fateme
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on Heart Rate Variability (HRV), salivary cortisol and psychological complications (anxiety, stress and depression) after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest/follow-up phase. The study population consists of all patients who had underwent CABG surgery and referred to the Cardiac Rehab center of Tehran Heart Hospital in Iran. Of these, 30 patients were selected using a random sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups. The instruments were a cortisol salvia ELISA kit, a HRV monitor, and the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The intervention group received SIT at 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Findings: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant difference in depression (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.001), stress (P<0.001), salivary cortisol level (P<0.001) and HRV (P<0.001) between the two groups. The mean HRV was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. In other variables, the mean scores were lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: Reduced negative emotions following SIT plays an important role in preventing the severe complications of heart disease. Interventions based on the SIT method are recommended for patients with heart disease.
Evaluation of the salivary Zinc Finger Protein 510 in Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Healthy Individuals as a new biomarker for diagnosis of OSCC in Early Stages
Authors:   Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Ghazi Ala , Delavarian Zahra ,   Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Hashemi Seyed Issac ,   Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., vazifeh Mostaan Leyla ,   Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Biabani Alireza ,   Dentist, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent malignancy in the oral cavity. Early diagnosis of OSCC could provide on-time treatments and increase survival rate of patients. Recently, the level of salivary biomarkers has been studied as a mean for the early diagnosis of different cancers. This study assessed salivary zinc finger protein 510 in patients with OSCC and healthy individuals as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of OSCC in early stages. Materials & Methods: In this study, 21 OSCC, and 21 healthy individuals were selected in 2019 and their unstimulated saliva were collected by spitting method. Salivary zinc finger protein 510 were determined using the ELISA technique. All calculations were performed using the SPSS software ver 23. The significance level was set at ≤ 0.05 for all tests. Findings:In this study mean of Salivary zinc finger 510 protein of OSCC patients were significantly higher than healthy subjects (p=0/019). But after considering age as a confounder variable, although ZNF510 level was higher in the patient group than the healthy group, the difference was not valuable (p=0.090). In addition, in the patients with OSCC, the mean of ZNF510 in patients with grade II lesion was significantly higher than those in grade I (P = 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, after considering the age, although the mean of ZNF510 in the patient with OSCC was higher than the healthy group, but no significant difference was observed. Therefore, although in this study, age had a direct and weak relationship with the mean of ZNF510, but it can be stated that there is an age-related effect on ZNF510 secretion in saliva. Therefore, additional studies with age consideration, and higher sample size are recommended.
Performance in Organ Donation Process in Nurses Working in Critical Care Units of Hospitals in Qazvin City, Iran
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Namdar Peyman , Dehghankar Leila ,   Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Taherkhani Mahnaz ,   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Yekefallah Leili ,   Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Ranjbaran Mehdi ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Considering that the correct management of patients with brain death in critical care units is a basis for organ transplantation and given the importance of nursing care in the organ donation process, this study aims to assess the performance of nurses in critical care units of hospitals in Qazvin, Iran regarding organ donation. Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional study performed in hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Participants were 190 nurses working in critical care units of these hospitals who were selected using a stratified random sampling method. To collect data, a demographic form and a researcher-made nursing performance questionnaire regarding organ donation were used. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests (t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation test, and Spearman correlation test). Findings: The highest and lowest mean scores of performance belonged to ICU nurses in Kowsar Hospital (2.75±0.61) and the nurses in dialysis ward of Velayat Hospital (0.85±0.48), respectively. Only 22.8% of nurses had organ donation card. Majority of them (76.8%) signed for organ donation, and were reluctant to receive money for organ donation (96.9%). There was a significant difference in the mean scores of nurses’ performance between different wards (P<0.001). The organ donation performance was higher in female nurses than males and in married nurses than singles, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Nurses in critical care units of hospitals in Qazvin city have poor performance regarding organ donation. They should be informed about their role in the organ donation process, and coherent and targeted training courses should be developed to improve their performance.
A Review of the Role of Nutrition During Sars-Cov-2 Infection (COVID-19)
Authors:   University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Masoum Beglou Robab , Karimi Nayyer ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran., Samadi Kafil Hossein ,   Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: March 2022

On 12 December 2019, a new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (Sars-Cov-2) was reported in Wuhan, China, causing the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). On 25 January, 2021, the number of COVID-19 deaths worldwide reached 2 million and the number of confirmed cases reached more than 100 million. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on human health and has caused sudden changes with social and economic consequences in human lifestyle due to social distancing and staying at home. Improving public health during this pandemic requires to have knowledge of medical and biological concepts, as well all concepts related to lifestyle and social and behavioral acts, including eating habits. One of the methods to strengthen the immune system against COVID-19 is to modify nutrition and have proper dieter regimen. This study aims to review the role of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic and present recommendations for improving nutritional health at this period.
Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression, Chronic Fatigue, and Pain Intensity in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Study with Expectancy Effect
Authors:   Department of Health Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Akbarian Mohsen , Mohammadi Shirmahleh Fatemeh ,   Department of Health Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Borjali Ahmad ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran., Hasanabadi Hamidreza ,   Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Abolghasemi Shahla ,   Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) have very low psychological flexibility that can lead to severe pain, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on depression, chronic fatigue and pain intensity in patients with FMS. Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest/follow-up design. A total of 40 patients with FMS referred to Bu Ali Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2019-2020 were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=20) and wait-list control (n=20). The group ACT was presented at 8 sessions for both groups. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Krupp’s Fatigue Severity Scale before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. Repeated measures Analysis of Covariance was used to analyze the collected data. Findings: Treatment based on ACT method had a significant effect on reducing depression, chronic fatigue, and pain intensity in patients with FMS (P=0.001). Conclusion: ACT can reduce depression, pain severity, and chronic fatigue through acceptance of and adaptation to the disease conditions and better interpersonal relationships.
Effect of a Combined Exercise Program on the Expression of ABCA5 Gene in White Blood Cells of Middle-aged Men After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors:   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran., Sazegar Mahboube , Lamir Amir Rashid ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Khajei Rambod ,   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran., Barjeste Yazdi Ameneh ,   Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent diseases and one of the leading causes of death in the world. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of a combined exercise program on expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A5 (ABCA5) in middle-aged men after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 26 middle-aged men participated who had underwent CABG surgery and were randomly divided into two groups of exercise and control. The combined exercise program included resistance and aerobic exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week). During this period, the control group had no physical activity. Fasting blood samples were taken for 10-12 hours in two stages before and 48 hours after the study and anthropometric characteristics were also recorded. Dependent t-test was used to examine intra-group differences and independent t-test was used to examine extra-group changes. The analyses were conducted in SPSS software v. 21, considering a significance level of P<0.05. Findings: The results showed no significant difference in the ABCA5 gene expression between the two groups at baseline, but after eight weeks of combined exercises, its expression increased significantly compared to pretest scores (P=0.001). A significant difference was observed between the two group (P=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that the combined exercise program can reduce cholesterol levels by increasing the expression of ABCA5 gene, leading to an increase in endothelial cell health-related factors. It can be used as an appropriate exercise program to improve physiological status in patients with CABG.
Effects of Cinnamon on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review Paper
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Farazande Maryam , Shabab Sadegh ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Mahmoudabady Maryam ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Gholamnezhad Zahra ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Nowadays, herbal medicine is commonly used due to the side effects and high costs of chemical medicines. Cinnamon appears to be effective in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, which is used in both food industry and traditional medicine. This study aims to review the effects of cinnamon on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and their related risk factors. Methods & Materials: In this review study, the search was conducted using the keywords in English including Cinnamon, Cinnamomum, Cinnamaldehyde and Heart, Cardiac, and Cardiomyopathy based on MeSH terms and the keywords in Persian for the related articles in Web of Sciences, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases published until March 2021. Out of 205 studies, 51 experimental and clinical human and animal studies were reviewed. Findings: The results of studies reported the effects of cinnamon on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The majority of human and animal studies have shown that cinnamon prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by lowering oxidative stress and improving blood pressure and blood lipid parameters.
A Method for Epileptic Seizure Detection in EEG Signals Based on Tunable Q-Factor Wavelet Transform Method Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm With Support Vector Machine Classifier
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonabad, Iran., Malekzadeh Anis , Zare Assef ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gonabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonabad, Iran., Yaghoubi Mahdi ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran., Alizadehsani Roohallah ,   Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Published: March 2022

Aims: Epilepsy is a brain disorder disease that affects people’s quality of life. If it is detected at an early stage, seizures will not spread from the initial area. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are used to diagnose epileptic seizures. However, this method cannot diagnose the state of epileptic seizure precisely. With the help of the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system, neurologists can diagnose epileptic seizure stages correctly. This study aims to present a novel method for epileptic seizures detection in EEG signals. Methods & Materials: The Bonn dataset was used in this study with avaibale EEG signals divided into 5-second windows. Then, the Tunable Q-Factor Wavelet Transform (TQWT) was utilized to decompose the segmented EEG signals into various sub-bands. Several statistical and nonlinear features based on fractal dimension and entropy algorithms were extracted from the TQWT sub-bands. Then, the Autoencoder (AE) method with 7 layers was applied to reduce the number of features. Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm with SVM classifier (GOA/SVM) were used for their classification compared to the K-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest algorithms. The employment of AE for feature reduction and GOA/SVM for classification are the novelties of this study. Findings: The proposed method demonstrated better performance compared to other methods used in different studies. The GOA/SVM classification method had a high accuracy rate of 99.42% and 99.23% for two-class and multi-class classification problems, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of EEG feature classification methods increases the accuracy of the CAD system in diagnosing epileptic seizures. The method proposed in this study using different methods for extracting features and their classification has high accuracy for epileptic seizures detection.
Use of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Eelated Factor Activators as A Strategy to Improve the Side Effects of COVID-19
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Samimi Fatemeh , Azizi Reza ,   Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran., Jalali Mashayekhi Farideh ,   Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a new member of the coronavirus family causing acute respiratory infection. Patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of developing oxidative stress during this infection. Moreover, the virus induces ROS production that activates cellular pathways for viral replication. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor in cellular antioxidant defense by mediating Virus-induced oxidative stress and ROS production. This article suggests that an Nrf2 activator may be beneficial in preventing oxidative stress development in COVID-19 patients. Coronaviruses are a significant group of viruses that cause different illnesses in humans and animals. These illnesses can range from the common cold to more severe diseases such as SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19. COVID-19 is a new viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main symptoms of COVID-19-infected patients are fever, dry cough, fatigue, and sometimes respiratory problems such as shortness of breath, sore throat, and infection [1].
The Effect of Six Weeks of Resistance Training with Active and Passive Rest with and without Blood Flow Restriction on C Reactive Protein, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Muscular Endurance of Young Men
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Fekri Kourabbaslou Vahid , Fakourian Ali ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Scienes, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Heydarian Mohsen ,   Department of Strategic Management, Faculty of Strategic Management, Supreme National Defense University, Tehran, Iran., Kashfi Seyed Masoud ,   Department of Exercise Biomechanic, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Resistance training with blood flow restriction can have the same effects as traditional resistance training. The current study aimed to determine the effect of six weeks of selected resistance training with active and passive rest, with and without blood flow restriction, on young men’s C Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and muscle endurance. Methods & Materials: From the available and voluntary samples, 24 healthy young soldiers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force were divided into 3 groups of 8 subjects: traditional resistance training, resistance training with blood flow restriction, and passive rest and resistance training with blood flow restriction and active rest. Exercise programs were performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 70-80% One-repetition maximum (1RM) for the traditional resistance group (3 sets of 10), 20-30% 1RM for the passive rest group (30-15-15-15), and 20 -30% 1RM was administered for the active rest group (30-7-15-7-15). Before and after six weeks, physiological and anthropometric characteristics, muscle endurance, and hormonal levels were measured, and ELISA measured blood samples. Data were analyzed using covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests and paired t-test for comparison within groups. Ethical Considerations: All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics committee of the Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (Code: I.R.SSRC.REC.1398.129), Clinical Trial (Code: ID IRCT20191207045644N1) from the Iran Clinical Trial Registration Center and were conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: Results showed that 6 weeks of exercise had a significant effect on Muscle endurance (P=0.001) but on the levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.43) and Lactate dehydrogenase (P=0.44) had no significant difference. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that a combination of resistance training with restriction of blood flow and Interval training (active rest) can be a good alternative to traditional training and, in some cases, replace resistance training with occlusion and passive rest.
The Potential of the Use of the Flavonoid Fisetin in the Treatment of Coronavirus by Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Azadeh Seyedeh Sara , Keshmiri Neghab Hoda ,   Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus called COVID-19 was identified as an unknown cause of pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The pandemic virus was transmitted to humans from a type of seafood that could spread significantly among humans in a short time. Clinical signs of coronaviruses include fever, severe sweating, cough, pneumonia, and a weakened immune system, with acute cases leading to death. One of the most important coronavirus receptors in the host cell is the angiotensin 2 converting enzyme. It is noteworthy that the patient’s recovery process increases during the inhibition of angiotensin 2 converter enzyme. Therefore, the administration of drugs that inhibit this enzyme can be effective in recovering a patient with coronavirus. Flavonoids are one the inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables. Fistula, a type of flavonoid known in nature as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of many, can be effective in the treatment of coronavirus by inhibiting the enzyme converter angiotensin 2.
The Effect of Strengthing Core Stabilization Training and the Knee Strengthening Training on Improving Pain in Older Women Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors:   Department of Sport Pathology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran., Golpayegani Masoud , Fayazi Zahra ,   Department of Sport Pathology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran., Hosseini Yasin ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in the elderly that Can affect their daily activity. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of a period strengthening core stabilization exercise with the Knee strengthening exercises on improving pain in female athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Methods & Materials: In this study, 20 female athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome participated. They were accidentally divided into two groups: strengthening core stabilization exercise (10 people( and strengthening knee exercise (10 people). A visual analog scale measured patients’ pain before and after eight weeks of practice interventions. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used at the significant level of (P<0.05) to analyze the results. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Bu Ali Sina University Hamedan (Code: IR.BASU.REC.1398.032). Results: The results showed that the pain level in both groups decreased significantly after strengthening core stabilization exercises (P=0.006) and the Knee strengthening exercises (P=0.000). Although intergroup comparison did not show a significant difference in the results (P̀=0.064), the calculation of the effect showed a more significant effect of strengthening knee exercise [ES=1.8) on the improvement of pain compared to the strengthening core stabilization group (ES=0.7). Conclusion: The results showed that knee strengthening and core stabilization exercises reduced the pain. But due to the higher effectiveness of knee strengthening exercises in improving pain, it is recommended to use this protocol to reduce the pain of these patients.
Assessing the Quality of Life of HIV-infected People and the Its Associated Factors in Markazi Province 2020-2021
Authors:   Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Navidi Iman ,   Deputy of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Zamanian Maryam ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a deadly disease that affects the human immune system. This study evaluated the Quality of Life (QoL) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients in Markazi Province . Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2021 in Markazi Province . The World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire was used to determine the QoL in HIV patients. This questionnaire includes the physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationship, environment, and spirit. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA software. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.008). Results: A total of 126 people with HIV were included in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 40.4±10.2 years. The mean score of each of the physical domains was 14.4±3.3, psychological 11.7±3.2, independence 13.3±3.8, social relationships 11.2±3.1, environment 0.8±0.3 10, spiritual was 13.2±3.3, and total QoL score was 12.1±2.6. In multivariate linear regression analysis, socioeconomic status and history of imprisonment significantly predicted higher scores of overall qualities of life. Conclusion: The total score of QoL in people with HIV in Markazi Province is average. Among the factors affecting it are gender, socioeconomic status, and history of imprisonment. It is suggested that QoL assessment of these patients be added to their care protocols to take effective measures to improve it.
Factors Affecting Consumption of Healthy Foods Among Prediabetic Women in Arak City in 2019: The Application of the Planned Behavior Theory
Authors:   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., MohammadniaMotlaghh Kolsoum , Shamsi Mohsen ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Roozbahani Nasrin ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Karimy Mahmood ,   Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Moradzadeh Rahmatalah ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: A lack of healthy nutrition first causes prediabetes and then overt diabetes, and every year about 5% to 10% of people with glucose intolerance develop type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the consumption of healthy foods (CHF) based on the food pyramid among prediabetic women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 99 prediabetic women selected from comprehensive healthcare centers in Arak, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, a TPB-based questionnaire, and a food consumption Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.07). Results: The Mean±SD score of diet behavior was 1.34±0.28 (in the possible range of 0-2). Around 41% of participants consumed sugary foods such as sweets and chocolate at least once a week and 35% at least once a month. Regression analysis shows that by increasing a standard deviation in the behavioral intention score, the behavior score of a healthy diet will increase by 0.22 standard deviation (P<0.05). Conclusion: To achieve a healthy lifestyle in the individual at risk for a diabetics education program to increase perceived behavior and motivation for decision making for adherence to healthy food can be attention for policymakers in a health system.
Effectiveness of Attention Control Training on Attentional Bias Towards Death, Death Anxiety, and Sensitivity to Mortality Salience
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Nasiri Saeed , Noori Mohammad ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aslezaker Maryam ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Attention Control Training is a new cognitive intervention that improves emotion regulation by reducing attentional bias towards negative information. Given the significant association between death anxiety and emotion dysregulation and death-related attentional bias, this study aimed to assess attention control training as an intervention for reducing death anxiety. Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, the Convenience Sampling Method sampled 50 university students in Tehran and was randomly assigned to 2 experimental and 1 control groups. Attention control training was delivered using death-related stimuli for the 1st experimental group and negative stimuli unrelated to death for the 2nd experimental group. The control group didn’t receive any interventions. In 3 measurements of pretest, posttest, and 3 months follow-up, death-related attentional bias, death anxiety, and sensitivity to mortality salience were assessed, respectively, using the Modified Stroop Test, Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS), and Propensity to Moral Disengagement Scale (PMDS) after inducing Mortality Salience condition. Ethical Considerations: This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT20190406043181N1) and was approved by the research ethics committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1398.539). Results: The study showed that after completing attention control training, the 1st experimental group’s death-related attentional bias, death anxiety, and sensitivity to mortality salience were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and this reduction was maintained at 3 months of follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the other two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that attention control training is capable of significantly reducing death-related attentional bias, and this reduction in attentional bias leads to decreased death anxiety and sensitivity to mortality salience