bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selectivity in C-alkylation of dianions of protected 6-methyluridine
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Hoa , Len Christophe , Castanet Anne-Sophie , Mortier Jacques
Published: September 2011

A regioselective synthesis of 6-ω-alkenyluridines 3, precursors of potent antiviral and antitumor cyclonucleosides 5, is described. While ω-alkenyl halides do not alkylate 6-lithiouridine, compounds 3 were prepared in a regioselective manner by sequential treatment of 6-methyluridine 2 with LTMP or LDA (4 equiv) in THF at −30 °C followed by alkylation with ω-alkenyl bromides.
Surveillance of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Untreated Young Children Living in the Central African Republic
Authors: Charpentier Charlotte , Gody Jean-Chrysostome , Tisserand Pascaline , Matta Mathieu , Péré Hélène , Fournier Julien , Mbitikon Olivia , Bélec Laurent
Published: September 2011

Background

A survey of drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) was conducted in 2009 among 77 vertically HIV-infected children not treated by antiretroviral drugs, followed up at the Complexe Pédiatrique of Bangui, (Bangui, Central African Republic), a country where HIV mother-to-child transmission is prevented by the wide use of single-dose nevirapine in delivering mother and neonate.

Methods

Protease and reverse transcriptase sequencing was performed using the ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system, and DRMs were identified according to the 2009 update surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance.

Results

DRMs were detected in 6 out of 43 samples with interpretable genotypic resistance tests, leading to a ‘moderate’ DRM prevalence of 13.9% (95% CI 3.5–24.3). DRM to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 5 samples (11.6% [95% CI, 2.0–21.2]) involving K103N, Y181C and G190A mutations. DRMs to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was found in 1 sample (2.3% [95% CI 0.0–6.8]), with the K219Q mutation. No DRMs to protease inhibitors was detected.

Conclusions

This survey predicts a moderate (between 5% and 15%) prevalence of DRMs in the Central African HIV-infected paediatric population of Bangui. These observations highlight the need to make an early diagnosis of the possibility of virological failure in Central African children receiving their first-line antiretroviral regimen.
Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Naringinase: Novel Biocatalysts for Naringin Hydrolysis
Authors: Ribeiro Maria H. L. , Rabaça Marco
Published: September 2011

Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have emerged as interesting biocatalyst design for immobilization. These new generation enzyme biocatalysts, CLEAs, in addition to exhibiting good mechanical stability, can be highly active, since they do not include large amounts of foreign particulate nonenzymatic material and may have increased stability. Naringinase (NGase) is an enzyme complex with high potential in pharmaceutical and food industries. In fact, NGase can be used in the biotransformation of steroids, of antibiotics and mainly on glycosides hydrolysis. In this paper, the formation of CLEAs was tried using ammonium sulphate, polyethylene glycol 6000 and tert-butyl alcohol as precipitant agents and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent, at different pH, time, and temperature conditions. However, among the precipitant agents tested, only tert-butyl alcohol cross-linked with glutaraldehyde allowed the formation of CLEAs, at pH 4.0 and at temperature between 7 and 10∘C. Different enzyme loadings were tested. The NGase-CLEAs were highly effective in naringin hydrolysis. The operational stability of the NGase-CLEAs aggregates was studied through six successive reutilizations.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Anaphylactic Shock after Surgery for Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Li Yimei , Zheng Hong , Cao Xinghua , Liu Zaoling , Chen Lili
Published: September 2011

We reviewed the records of 446 patients who were treated surgically for cystic echinococcosis (CE) to identify risk factors for anaphylactic shock. Of 446 patients, 10 had final diagnoses of anaphylactic shock induced by CE; none died. The incidence of anaphylactic shock was significantly higher in younger age groups (P < 0.001) and in patients with pulmonary cysts. Anaphylactic shock induced by CE appears to differ from type I immediate hypersensitivity shock, which suggests that in CE, shock may be caused by a combination of immediate hypersensitivity and endotoxic shock. This possibility suggests that additional precautions should be taken during surgery. These precautions include reducing intracystic pressure, which would prevent possible leaked liquid from reaching other organs by surrounding the cyst with sterile gauze and decrease the chance of spreading the echinococcus; preventing antigen from contacting other tissues where it might trigger anaphylaxis; and resecting the cyst completely when feasible.
Entomological Indices, Feeding Sources, and Molecular Identification of Triatoma phyllosoma (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) One of the Main Vectors of Chagas Disease in the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Villalobos Guiehdani , Martínez-Hernández Fernando , de la Torre Patricia , Laclette Juan Pedro , Espinoza Bertha
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to conduct an entomological analysis, determination of feeding sources, and molecular identification of triatomines in five communities of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. The only found species in two of five searched communities (San Mateo del Mar and Tehuantepec City) was Triatoma phyllosoma. Colonization indices were high in both communities. In San Mateo del Mar, the insects were found indoors and in Tehuantepec City in peridomestic areas. The Trypanosoma cruzi infection indices were 2.1% in San Mateo del Mar and 39.4% in Tehuantepec City. This difference could be related to the high numbers of triatomine feeding on hens in the former community. In contrast, in Tehuantepec, dogs were the principal triatomine feeding sources. All nymphs and adults that were genetically analyzed belonged to the species T. phyllosoma. Low levels of genetic variation were found between vectors from both communities.
Reexamination of Culex pipiens Hybridization Zone in the Eastern United States by Ribosomal DNA-Based Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers
Authors: Huang Shaoming , Molaei Goudarz , Andreadis Theodore G.
Published: September 2011

Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex are important vectors of several disease-causing pathogens, including West Nile virus. In North America, the complex consists of Cx. pipiens pipiens form pipiens, Cx. pipiens pipiens form molestus, Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, and their hybrids that exhibit substantial diversity in physiology, behavior, and geographic range. Hybridization among these mosquitoes is of concern because of potential implications for disease transmission. Currently, several morphological and molecular markers exist for differentiating members of the Cx. pipiens complex; however, these markers have specific limitations. We report here two highly reliable ribosomal DNA-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, CxpG2T and CxpA2d, for detecting Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes containing Cx. p. quinquefasciatus alleles. Both CxpG2T and CxpA2d contain one allele that is present in all members of the Cx. pipiens complex, and the other allele is specific to Cx. p. quinquefasciatus. Testing of field populations from the eastern United States showed that these two SNP markers are capable of identifying a south to north gradient of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and hybrids. The northern limit of detection of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus alleles in this study was in Fort Totten, NY (40.79°N), whereas the southern boundary was determined between Atlanta, GA (33.81°N) and Gainesville, FL (29.64°N). CxpG2T and CxpA2d were more accurate than the ACE-2 marker, and they may conceivably provide comparable resolution with microsatellite markers for detecting Cx. p. quinquefasciatus alleles.
West Nile Virus Vector Competency of Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Eastwood Gillian , Kramer Laura D. , Goodman Simon J. , Cunningham Andrew A.
Published: September 2011

The mosquito-transmitted pathogen West Nile virus (WNV) is not yet present in the Galápagos Archipelago of Ecuador. However, concern exists for fragile endemic island fauna after population decreases in several North American bird species and pathology in certain reptiles. We examined WNV vector competency of a Galápagos strain of mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus Say). Field specimens were tested for their capacity to transmit the WN02-1956 strain of WNV after incubation at 27°C or 30°C. Rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission all increased with days post-exposure to WNV, and the highest rates were observed at 28 days. Infection rates peaked at 59% and transmission rates peaked at 44% (of mosquitoes tested). Vector efficiency increased after day 14. Rates of infection but not of transmission were significantly influence by temperature. No vertical transmission was detectable. We demonstrate that Galápagos Cx. quinquefasciatus are competent WNV vectors, and therefore should be considered an animal and public health risk for the islands and controlled wherever possible.
Competency of Reptiles and Amphibians for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
Authors: White Gregory , Ottendorfer Christy , Graham Sean , Unnasch Thomas R.
Published: September 2011

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is endemic throughout most of the eastern United States. Although it is transmitted year round in Florida, transmission elsewhere is seasonal. The mechanism that enables EEEV to overwinter in seasonal foci remains obscure. In previous field studies, early season EEEV activity was detected in mosquito species that feed primarily upon ectothermic hosts, suggesting that reptiles and amphibians might represent overwintering reservoir hosts for EEEV. To determine if this might be possible, two commonly fed upon amphibian and reptile species were evaluated as hosts for the North American subtype I strain of EEEV. Neither amphibian species was a competent host. However, circulating viremias were detected in both reptile species examined. Hibernating infected garter snakes remained viremic after exiting hibernation. These data suggest that snakes may represent an overwintering host for North American EEEV.
Vector Competence of Australian Mosquitoes for Yellow Fever Virus
Authors: van den Hurk Andrew F. , McElroy Kate , Pyke Alyssa T. , McGee Charles E. , Hall-Mendelin Sonja , Day Andrew , Ryan Peter A. , Ritchie Scott A. , Vanlandingham Dana L. , Higgs Stephen
Published: September 2011

The vector competence of Australian mosquitoes for yellow fever virus (YFV) was evaluated. Infection and transmission rates in Cairns and Townsville populations of Aedes aegypti and a Brisbane strain of Ae. notoscriptus were not significantly different from a well-characterized YFV-susceptible strain of Ae. aegypti. After exposure to 107.2 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL of an African strain of YFV, > 70% of Ae. aegypti and Ae. notoscriptus became infected, and > 50% transmitted the virus. When exposed to 106.7 TCID50/mL of a South American strain of YFV, the highest infection (64%) and transmission (56%) rates were observed in Ae. notoscriptus. The infection and transmission rates in the Cairns Ae. aegypti were both 24%, and they were 36% and 28%, respectively, for the Townsville population. Because competent vectors are present, the limited number of travelers from endemic areas and strict vaccination requirements will influence whether YFV transmission occurs in Australia.
Different Patterns in a Cohort of Patients with Severe Leptospirosis (Weil Syndrome): Effects of an Educational Program in an Endemic Area
Authors: Daher Elizabeth F. , Silva Geraldo B. , Lima Rafael S. A. , Mota Rosa M. S. , Rocha Hermano A. L. , de Abreu Krasnalhia Lívia S. , Barreto Adller G. C. , Pereira Eanes D. B. , Araújo Sônia M. H. A. , Libório Alexandre B.
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in clinical pattern and therapeutic measures in leptospirosis-associated acute kidney injury; a retrospective study with 318 patients in Brazil. Patients were divided according to the time of admission: 1985–1996 (group I) and 1997–2010 (group II). Patients were younger in group I (36 ± 13 versus 41 ± 16 years, P = 0.005) and the numbers of oliguria increased (21% versus 41% in group II, P = 0.014). Higher frequency of lung manifestations was observed in group II (P < 0.0001). Although increased severity, there was a significant reduction in mortality (20% in group I versus 12% in group II, P = 0.03). Mortality was associated with advanced age, low diastolic blood pressure, oliguria, arrhythmia, and peritoneal dialysis, besides a trend to better mortality with penicillin administration. Leptospirosis is occurring in an older population, with a higher number of oliguria and lung manifestations. However, mortality is decreasing and can be the result of changes in treatment.
A Case of Pulmonary and Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis of CE1 Stage in a Healthy Japanese Female that Was Suspected to Have Been Acquired During Her Stay in the United Kingdom
Authors: Nakamura Kiwamu , Ito Akira , Yara Satomi , Haranaga Shusaku , Hibiya Kenji , Hirayasu Tsuneo , Sako Yasuhito , Fujita Jiro
Published: September 2011

We herein report a case of a young Japanese female who was confirmed to have cystic echinococcosis (CE) 1 stage based on the World Health Organization Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis pathological classification of CE, and she was also suspected to be infected with eggs of the G1 Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto during her stay in the United Kingdom and therefore, suffered from synchronous pulmonary and hepatic CE. Oral albendazole was administered initially, but rupture of a lung hydatid cyst was observed. To avoid additional rupture, we performed two surgeries. CE is very rare in Japan; all CE cases in Japan during the past two decades have been confirmed to be imported, and almost all cases are hepatic CE. This case is the first case report of a Japanese patient who had concomitant giant lung and liver CE with early-stage CE1 and was successfully treated by surgery and pharmacotherapy with a serological follow-up.
Meteorological Factors–Based Spatio-Temporal Mapping and Predicting Malaria in Central China
Authors: Huang Fang , Zhou Shuisen , Zhang Shaosen , Zhang Hongwei , Li Weidong
Published: September 2011

Despite significant reductions in the overall burden of malaria in the 20th century, this disease still represents a significant public health problem in China, especially in central areas. Understanding the spatio-temporal distribution of malaria is essential in the planning and implementing of effective control measures. In this study, normalized meteorological factors were incorporated in spatio-temporal models. Seven models were established in WinBUGS software by using Bayesian hierarchical models and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. M1, M2, and M3 modeled separate meteorological factors, and M3, which modeled rainfall performed better than M1 and M2, which modeled average temperature and relative humidity, respectively. M7 was the best fitting models on the basis of based on deviance information criterion and predicting errors. The results showed that the way rainfall influencing malaria incidence was different from other factors, which could be interpreted as rainfall having a greater influence than other factors.
Polymorphisms of Molecular Markers of Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Relationship with Artesunate-Mefloquine Combination Therapy in Patients with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Thailand
Authors: Muhamad Poonuch , Phompradit Papichaya , Sornjai Wannapa , Maensathian Thunyaluk , Chaijaroenkul Wanna , Rueangweerayut Ronnatrai , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt), P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1), and P. falciparum ATPase (pfatp6) and clinical outcome after a three-day mefloquine-artesunate combination therapy in 134 patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area with multidrug resistance along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Analysis of gene mutation and amplification were performed by nested real-time polymerase chain reaction and SYBR Green I real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The mutation for pfcrt (codons 76, 220, 271, 326, 356, and 371) was found in all isolates (100%), whereas no mutation of pfmdr1 (codon 86) and pfatp6 (codons 37, 693, 769, 898) was found. The Pfmdr1 copy number was significantly higher in isolates with recrudescence (median number = 2.44) compared with a sensitive response (median number = 1.44). The gene copy number was also found to be significantly higher in paired isolates collected before treatment and at the time of recrudescence. All isolates carried one pfatp6 gene copy.
Isolation of Usutu Virus in Germany
Authors: Jöst Hanna , Bialonski Alexandra , Maus Deborah , Sambri Vittorio , Eiden Martin , Groschup Martin H. , Günther Stephan , Becker Norbert , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas
Published: September 2011

Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged 2001 in Austria and caused deaths in wild birds. In Germany, 70,378 female mosquitoes were captured in 2009 and 2010 and assayed for USUV. Virus was isolated in cell culture from one pool of Culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes trapped exclusively in August 2010 in Weinheim, Germany. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the isolated USUV strain from Germany and a USUV strain from Austria, which was detected in a dead blackbird in 2004.
Leptospirosis Outbreak in Sri Lanka in 2008: Lessons for Assessing the Global Burden of Disease
Authors: Agampodi Suneth B. , Peacock Sharon J. , Thevanesam Vasanthi , Nugegoda Danaseela B. , Smythe Lee , Thaipadungpanit Janjira , Craig Scott B. , Burns Mary Ann , Dohnt Michael , Boonsilp Siriphan , Senaratne Thamarasi , Kumara Athula , Palihawadana Paba , Perera Sahan , Vinetz Joseph M.
Published: September 2011

Global leptospirosis disease burden estimates are hampered by the lack of scientifically sound data from countries with probable high endemicity and limited diagnostic capacities. We describe the seroepidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the leptospirosis outbreak in 2008 in Sri Lanka. Definitive/presumptive case definitions proposed by the World Health Organization Leptospirosis Epidemiology Reference Group were used for case confirmation. Of the 404 possible cases, 155 were confirmed to have leptospirosis. Highest titers of patient seum samples reacted with serovars Pyrogenes (28.7%), Hardjo (18.8%), Javanica (11.5%), and Hebdomadis (11.5%). Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene identified six infections: five with Leptospira interrogans and one with L. weilli. In this patient population, acute renal failure was the main complication (14.8%), followed by myocarditis (7.1%) and heart failure (3.9%). The case-fatality rate was 1.3%. This report strengthens the urgent need for increasing laboratory diagnostic capabilities to determine the causes of epidemic and endemic infectious diseases in Sri Lanka, a finding relevant to other tropical regions.
Review and Assessment of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Travel Awards Program, 1991–2010
Authors: Le Duc James W. , DeAcetis Judy
Published: September 2011

During 1991–2010, 456 persons from 62 countries were provided financial support to attend the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Winners came from 17 African, 16 Asia-Pacific, 14 Latin American and Caribbean, and 13 European and Middle Eastern countries, and from Canada and the United States. Virtually equal numbers of awards were offered to women and men. Winners were selected from U.S. academic centers (30%), foreign universities (26%), international centers, institutes or research units (30%), and approximately 5% from U.S. government agencies. Almost all winners (73 of 76, 96%) had scientific publications subsequent to receiving the travel award. Less than 10% of award winners continued their membership in the Society after their one-year complementary membership. Winners indicated that the travel awards program facilitated international exchange and fostered collaborations between Society members and international scientists.
Internal seiche modes and bottom boundary‐layer dissipation in a temperate lake from acoustic measurements
Authors: Simpson J. H. , Wiles P. J. , Lincoln B. J.
Published: September 2011

Measurements with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) and a thermistor string were used to investigate the seasonal variation of internal seiches in a 5‐km‐long temperate lake and the dissipation induced by the seiches in the bottom boundary layer. Velocity data, from a bottom‐mounted 1.2‐MHz ADCP were analyzed by cross‐spectral analysis to determine the seiche modes. The first vertical mode was generally dominant but the second mode made a significant contribution at times and was present throughout the summer season. The modal periods, which were consistent with normal mode analysis, exhibited a marked seasonal change that correlated closely with the evolution of stratification. Measurements in the bottom boundary layer, by another ADCP, in pulse‐pulse coherent‐mode sampling at 4 Hz, allowed determination of the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation via the Structure Function Method. Episodes of energy dissipation ~ 10‐7 W kg‐1 occurred during peak flow (~ 0.05 m s‐1) in the seiche motion (period ~ 10 h) and coincided with times of significant Reynolds stress. Between these episodes, dissipation fell below the noise level (~ 5 × 10‐9 W kg‐1). The ratio of internal wave energy to the boundary‐layer dissipation rate implies a decay time of ~ 75 h, which is similar to that for energy decay in strong seiches, indicating that boundary‐layer dissipation makes a substantial contribution to energy loss from seiche motions. A major mixing event in August caused by near‐resonant wind forcing brought metalimnion water to the surface and induced substantial mixing.
Invertebrates and their dormant eggs transported in ballast sediments of ships arriving to the Canadian coasts and the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Briski Elizabeta , Bailey Sarah A. , MacIsaac Hugh J.
Published: September 2011

The most effective strategy for managing nonindigenous species (NIS) is through prevention of their transport via regulation of introduction vectors. We sampled 135 ships arriving to three different regions of Canada to assess abundance and species richness of invertebrates and their dormant eggs transported in ballast sediments. By sampling ships that followed particular pathways, we were able to compare vector strength to different regions, the invasion risk of transoceanic vs. coastal vessels, and the effect of midocean exchange, length of voyage, and amount of sediment on the richness and abundance of species inside ballast tanks. Although standardized ballast management regulations have been implemented across Canada, the resulting invasion risk is not uniform across regions. Ships arriving to the Atlantic region carried a greater sediment load with correspondingly higher abundance and species richness than those arriving to the Pacific and Great Lakes regions. Abundance and species richness of invertebrates and their dormant eggs associated with transoceanic ships did not differ from that of ships operating along coastal areas of North America. Similarly, midocean exchange did not reduce either abundance or species richness of invertebrate dormant eggs in ships. Finally, the length of voyage did not influence taxonomic composition or abundance of invertebrate dormant eggs but was directly related to survival of active macroinvertebrates. Ballast sediments could introduce new NIS to some regions of Canada despite requirements to manage ships' ballast by midocean exchange. Minimizing sediment accumulation may be the only effective management option for this vector.
Development of New Canine and Feline Preventive Healthcare Guidelines Designed to Improve Pet Health
Authors:   The American Animal Hospital Association–American Veterinary Medical Association Preventive Healthcare Guidelines Task Force
Published: September 2011

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) have jointly introduced the first Canine and Feline Preventive Healthcare Guidelines. These consensus statements provide veterinarians with a new resource for improving patient care by emphasizing the value and scope of regular pet examinations. The two guidelines provide complete recommendations for comprehensive preventive healthcare programs, published as accessible, single-page documents.

The guidelines are based on the subjective-objective-assessment-plan (SOAP) methodology of case management, a proven approach traditionally used with sick or injured patients. This logical and disciplined process is equally applicable to healthy patients and is designed to consistently deliver optimal patient care. The guidelines recommend visits for health examinations on at least an annual basis, recognizing that for many pets, more frequent visits may be appropriate, depending on the individual needs of the patient. The guidelines also provide detailed diagnostic, therapeutic, prevention, and follow up plans, to be accompanied by appropriate documentation. The inclusive content and concise format of the guidelines are designed to maximize their practical value and make them easy to implement.
Study on the Interfacial Structure and Thermal Conduction of Spark Plasma Sintering Diffusion‐Bonded Diamond/Cu Composites with Ni Interlayer
Authors: Wang Lei , Hu Daochun , Chen Minghe , Feng Shaohui , Wang Ning , Zhou Ying
Published: February 2025

The diffusion‐bonded interface of diamond/Cu composites, with or without a Ni foil interlayer, is fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) diffusion bonding process. The shear strength and thermal conductivity of the diffusion‐bonded interface are tested, and their microstructure, element distribution, and fracture morphology are analyzed using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive spectrometer, and X‐ray diffractometer. The results show that the shear strength and thermal conductivity of the diffusion‐bonded interface of the diamond/Cu composite with the Ni foil interlayer increase by 23.29% and 58.98%, from 45.12 MPa and 347.73 W (m K)−1 to 55.63 MPa and 552.83 W (m K)−1, respectively, compared to the interface without the Ni foil interlayer. The presence of the Ni foil interlayer significantly reduces the voids and holes at the diffusion‐bonded interface, with Ni diffusing to both sides of the interface. This diffusion leads to the formation of an α single‐phase CuNi solid solution with Cu and the production of the Ni3C phase with C. At the SPS diffusion‐bonded interface with the Ni foil interlayer, the extensive solubility of Ni in Cu and the formation of carbides greatly contribute to the improvement of thermal conduction across the interface.
Synergistic Integration of Halide Perovskite and Rare‐Earth Ions toward Photonics
Authors: Sun Jiayu , Fu Hongyang , Jing Haitong , Hu Xin , Chen Daqin , Li Fushan , Liu Yang , Qin Xian , Huang Wei
Published: February 2025

Halide perovskites (HPs), emerging as a noteworthy class of semiconductors, hold great promise for an array of optoelectronic applications, including anti‐counterfeiting, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells (SCs), and photodetectors, primarily due to their large absorption cross section, high fluorescence efficiency, tunable emission spectrum within the visible region, and high tolerance for lattice defects, as well as their adaptability for solution‐based fabrication processes. Unlike luminescent HPs with band‐edge emission, trivalent rare‐earth (RE) ions typically emit low‐energy light through intra‐4f optical transitions, characterized by narrow emission spectra and long emission lifetimes. When fused, the cooperative interactions between HPs and REs endow the resulting binary composites not only with optoelectronic properties inherited from their parent materials but also introduce new attributes unattainable by either component alone. This review begins with the fundamental optoelectronic characteristics of HPs and REs, followed by a particular focus on the impact of REs on the electronic structures of HPs and the associated energy transfer processes. The advanced synthesis methods utilized to prepare HPs, RE‐doped compounds, and their binary composites are overviewed. Furthermore, potential applications are summarized across diverse domains, including high‐fidelity anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, LEDs, photovoltaics, photodetection, and photocatalysis, and conclude with remaining challenges and future research prospects.
Crossing the Dimensional Divide with Optoelectronic Tweezers: Multicomponent Light‐Driven Micromachines with Motion Transfer in Three Dimensions
Authors: Li Gong , Xu Bingrui , Wang Xiaopu , Yu Jiangfan , Zhang Yifan , Fu Rongxin , Yang Fan , Gu Hongcheng , Huang Yuchen , Chen Yujie , Zhang Yanfeng , Wang Zhuoran , Shen Guozhen , Wang Yeliang , Xie Huikai , Wheeler Aaron R. , Li Jiafang , Zhang Shuailong
Published: February 2025

Micromachines capable of performing diverse mechanical tasks in complex and constrained microenvironments are of great interest. Despite important milestones in this pursuit, until now, micromachines are confined to actuation within a single 2D plane due to the challenges of transferring motion across different planes in limited space. Here, a breakthrough method is presented to overcome this limitation: multi‐component micromachines that facilitate 3D motion transfer across different planes. These light‐driven 3D micromachines, fabricated using standard photolithography combined with direct laser writing, are assembled and actuated via programmable light patterns within an optoelectronic tweezers system. Utilizing charge‐induced repulsion and dielectrophoretic levitation effects, the micromachines enable highly efficient mechanical rotation and effective inter‐component motion transfer. Through this work, fascinating patterns of similarities are unveiled for the new microscale 3D systems when compared with the macro‐scale world in which they live, paving the way for the development of micromechanical devices and microsystems with ever increasing functionality and versatility.
Triazine‐containing Covalent Organic Polymer‐derived Grid‐Like Multilocular Spheres for Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Bei , Zhao Lipu , Liu Yijiang , Chen Hongbiao , Li Huaming , Yang Mei , Qiu Jieshan
Published: February 2025

Triazine‐containing covalent organic polymers (TCOPs) with unique structures and physicochemical properties are of great potential in energy storage and conversion applications, yet how to finely tune the morphology, and the accessible active sites, and to enhance capacitive activity remains a challenge. Here, the grid‐like multilocular spheres derived from TCOP with abundant redox active sites and unique structures are fabricated via a molecular twist‐induced regulation strategy, of which the number and size of cavities can be finely modulated by changing the conformers of the twisted unit and the Ostwald ripening time. The unique structure of the as‐fabricated TCOP results in unprecedented high specific capacitance (8412 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and enables the as‐assembled supercapacitor with an ultra‐high energy density of 675 Wh kg−1 in redox‐active electrolyte (KI‐mixed H2SO4), much better than all reported aqueous supercapacitors thus far. It is found that the high electro‐activity is due to the synergistic effect of the enhanced accessibility of active sites and the enhanced interaction of the abundant active sites with the redox‐active electrolytes. This approach may pave a new way to precise synthesis of COPs with tuned structure and properties for application‐inspired cutting‐edge electrochemical energy storage and beyond.
Thermally Induced Reversible Martensitic Phase Transition and Self‐Healing in Nickel Glycinamide Crystals
Authors: Vušak Darko , Naumov Panče , Jelčić Želimir , Matković‐Čalogović Dubravka , Prugovečki Biserka
Published: February 2025

Martensitic phase transitions and self‐healing in molecular compounds are extremely rare, and while they carry potential for rapid energy transduction, they are currently found only by serendipity. Here, we report the observation of both phenomena in a coordination compound of glycinamide (Glyam), [Ni(H2O)2(Glyam)2]I2 (1). Upon cooling to 205–213 K, the high‐temperature polymorph of this material (1RT) transforms into twinned crystals of the low‐temperature polymorph (1LT(twinned)), while upon heating, it is converted back to 1RT in the temperature range 217–223 K. When this transformation occurs in single crystals, evolution of cracks is observed upon cooling that disappear upon heating. The forward transition 1RT→1LT(twinned) is completed in a few seconds, while the reverse one, 1LT(twinned)→1RT, proceeds up to several hours, contrary to the fast transition in polycrystalline samples. We determined the concomitant presence of 1RT and 1LT(twinned) in the same single crystal. The crystal structure analysis revealed complex inter‐ and intramolecular displacements of atoms during the transition. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second report where a thermally induced reversible martensitic phase transition and self‐healing are observed in crystals of a coordination compound, and indicates the potential generality of these extraordinary phenomena.
Advances in the Efficient Removal of the Key Radioactive Nuclide 90Sr Using Crystalline Ion‐Exchange Materials: A Review
Authors: Hao Yucheng , Hou Cheng , Chen Changlin , Zhou Hansong , Liu Yinan , Lin Yuan , Li Haijian , Hu Kunhong
Published: February 2025

Nuclear energy, a rapidly advancing clean energy source, generates significant amounts of radioactive waste, including radioactive nuclides such as cesium (Cs+), strontium (Sr2+), and uranyl (UO22+). Among these, Sr2+ is particularly concerning due to its long half‐life, high mobility in aqueous environments, and its toxic effects on both human health and ecosystems. Its radioactive decay produces beta particles, posing significant environmental and public health risks, especially in the context of nuclear waste disposal. Recently, ion exchange has emerged as one of the most effective methodologies to deal with this challenge. Consequently, ion‐exchange materials have become a hot topic in contemporary research. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the removal of critical radioactive ions, particularly Sr2+, using ion‐exchange materials. It provides a comprehensive overview of the structures and properties of various ion‐exchange materials, explaining their ion‐exchange characteristics and exploring the complex relationship between structure and performance. Key considerations discussed include identifying cations that are most amenable to exchange within interlayer channels, evaluating the impact of channel dimensions on material efficiency, and strategies to enhance the ion‐exchange capabilities of intercalation compounds. These factors are essential for achieving high selectivity and rapid adsorption kinetics in ion‐exchange processes for Sr2+.
Recent advances in reactive oxygen species ‐mediated Near‐Infrared organic long‐persistent luminescence imaging
Authors: Xu Yan , Hu Rong , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: February 2025

Organic luminophores have found extensive applications in cellular and in vivo fluorescence imaging. However, their efficacy is often hindered by formidable challenges, including a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), susceptibility to false‐positive signals, limited tissue penetration depth, and autofluorescence arising from non‐negligible background interference. The emergence of near‐infrared (NIR) afterglow imaging has addressed these problems. Organic afterglow imaging distinguishes by its unique capacity to emit light long after the cessation of external excitation, thereby exhibiting extraordinary persistence in luminescence. The integration of deep tissue penetration with prolonged luminescence in NIR organic long‐persistent luminescent materials confers a distinct advantage for in vivo biological imaging, effectively minimizing the confounding effects of autofluorescence while enhancing spatial resolution for imaging in deep tissues, which is favorable for biosensing. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated NIR organic afterglow imaging, positioning this emerging technique as an exceptionally promising approach for in vivo biosensing, biological imaging, imaging‐guided surgery, and therapeutic applications. Furthermore, we critically examine the challenges facing this field and propose future avenues for its continued evolution and refinement.
Modelle zur Torsionstragfähigkeit für den Neubau und für Bestandsbauwerke
Authors: Görtz Stephan , Widell Patrick
Published: February 2025

Im Rahmen eines von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen beauftragten Forschungsvorhabens wurde eine Datenbank mit 1530 Torsionsversuchen erstellt und hieran Bemessungsmodelle im Kontext der DIN EN 1992 bzw. der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie systematisch ausgewertet. Zielsetzung war es, einerseits Sicherheitsdefizite zu identifizieren und darüber hinaus Traglastpotenziale im Hinblick auf die Nachrechnung von Bestandsbauwerken aufzuzeigen.
Investigating HER2‐Low in Early Breast Cancer: Prognostic Implications and Age‐Related Prognostic Stratification
Authors: Chen Endong , Chen Chen , Chen Yingying , You Jie , Chen Nan , Xu Shenlin , Wang Qingxuan , Cai Yefeng , Hu Xiaoqu , Li Quan
Published: February 2025

Background

Recent studies about human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐low values have garnered great interest among oncologists. We aimed to investigate whether HER2‐low impacts the prognosis of early‐stage breast cancer overall and in specific subgroups, explore differences in clinicopathologic markers, and examine the role of age in HER2‐low prognostic stratification.

Materials & Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 6920 HER2‐negative breast cancer patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (2010–2022). The study focused on the impact of HER2‐low status (immunohistochemistry +1 or +2, in situ hybridization not amplified) on overall survival (OS), considering the age at diagnosis.

Results

Generally, HER2‐low status correlated with less aggressive cancer indicators. No significant prognostic differences were observed between HER2‐low and HER2‐0 in the entire cohort, HR‐positive, and HR‐negative groups. However, in TNBC patients aged ≥ 65, HER2‐low correlated with significantly better OS (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.24–0.83, p = 0.011), a finding consistent after multivariable adjustment (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.80, p = 0.014). In other subgroups, prognosis did not significantly correlate with HER2 status. The combination of HER2‐low status and age plays a key role in prognostic stratification in TNBC. Patients aged ≥ 65 with HER2‐0 had considerably poorer prognoses compared to other subgroups.

Conclusion

This extensive retrospective study demonstrates that HER2‐low status cannot serve as an independent prognostic factor in the entire cohort, nor in the HR‐positive and HR‐negative groups individually. However, the combined factors of HER2‐low status and age may indicate a potential contribution to the prognostic stratification of TNBC.
Treatment Patterns and Radical Cystectomy Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Urothelial Nonmetastatic Muscle‐Invasive Bladder Cancer in the United States
Authors: Davies‐Teye Bernard Bright , Siddiqui M. Minhaj , Zhang Xiao , Johnson Abree , Burcu Mehmet , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Hanna Nader
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To characterize trends and patterns in treatment characteristics and perioperative outcomes of patients with urothelial muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Materials and Methods

We utilized the National Cancer Database to assess trends and patterns in treatment modalities (radical cystectomy [RC] with or without neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatments, trimodal bladder‐sparing treatment [trimodal treatment], and others) among MIBC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2017. We also assessed trends and patterns of short‐term post‐surgery outcomes, including 30‐day and 90‐day mortality, and readmissions.

Results

Among 83,259 MIBC patients, those who received RC, trimodal treatment, and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) plus chemotherapy were 34,715 (41.7%), 7,372 (8.9%), and 6,171 (7.4%), respectively. A substantial proportion (29,314; 35.2%) of MIBC patients received other treatments, including TURBT‐only. From 2004 through 2017, the proportion of MIBC patients who utilized guideline‐recommended treatments, whether RC (from 36.4% to 42.8%) or trimodal treatment (from 7.9% to 10.2%), increased. Among those who received RC, there was a substantial increase in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) utilization, from 7.8% to 29.4%. Conversely, utilization of RC without perioperative treatments decreased from 62.3% to 32.7%. There was a significant decrease in 30‐day (2.8%–1.8%) and 90‐day (7.1%–5.3%) mortality rates among RC recipients.

Conclusion

There was a shift in treatment modalities for MIBC, with increased utilization of RC with NAC. A decrease in post‐surgery mortality rates may indicate improved outcomes, although the unmet need for NAC utilization requires further investigation.
Relationships and Collaboration: Engaging in Research With Marginalized Communities
Authors: Hipolito‐Delgado Carlos P. , Kwag Daun , Sharma Jyotsana
Published: February 2025

Drawing on decolonizing methods and relational–cultural theory, we argue for the importance of relationship building and collaboration in counselor education research. Based on our partnerships with refugees and migrants, survivors of interpersonal violence, and youth of color, we share concrete strategies for fostering relationships and collaboration in counseling research.
Ba2BP7N14 – A Quaternary Alkaline Earth Nitridoborophosphate with a Mixed 3D Network Structure
Authors: Buda Amalina T. , Pritzl Reinhard M. , Pointner Monika M. , Steinadler Jennifer , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Highly condensed alkaline earth nitridophosphates have attracted increasing scientific interest, due to their high thermal and chemical stability, as well as their promising luminescence behavior upon doping with Eu2+ for pc‐LED applications. In particular, the barely explored mixed tetrahedra‐based nitridophosphates offer a wide range of structural and compositional diversity, enabling new insights into structure‐property relationships. Herein, we report on the first quaternary alkaline earth nitridoborophosphate Ba2BP7N14, synthesized at 8 GPa and 1600 °C in a multianvil press, starting from Ba(N3)2, h‐BN and P3N5. Ba2BP7N14 crystallizes in the barylite‐1O polytype and features a highly condensed mixed (B,P)–N anionic 3D network (κ≈0.57) built up of PN4 and mixed occupied (P0.75B0.25)N4 tetrahedra. The structure was characterized by a multi‐step process involving single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD, PXRD), elemental analysis, electron microscopy (STEM, EELS), and solid‐state 31P and 11B MAS NMR spectroscopy. The plausibility of the structural model was corroborated by low‐cost crystallographic calculations. The optical band gap and the thermal behavior of an undoped sample of Ba2BP7N14, were determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction, respectively. Irradiation of a Eu2+‐doped sample with near‐UV light results in a blue emission peaking at λem=422 nm.
Advancing Continuous Sign Language Recognition Through Denoising Diffusion Transformer‐Based Spatial‐Temporal Enhancement
Authors: Muhammad Kamal Suhail , Chen Yidong , Li Shaozi
Published: February 2025

The intricate spatial‐temporal dynamics and variability of sign language gestures pose significant challenges for Continuous Sign Language Recognition (CSLR) systems. Existing models often fall short in accurately capturing these complexities, leading to performance issues and frequent misalignments. To address these shortcomings, we introduce a new approach that leverages Denoising Diffusion Models (DDMs) to improve feature representation in the visual‐sequential module of CSLR systems. Originally intended for generative tasks, DDMs have shown strong potential in representation learning through a denoising process akin to Denoising Autoencoders. Our method incorporates a denoising diffusion transformer into the CSLR framework to refine spatial‐temporal features, capitalizing on the ability of diffusion models to enhance representation quality. By conditionally denoising visual feature sequences, our approach increases the discriminative capability of the system. Additionally, we introduce an additional classifier, trained with Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss, to provide complementary supervision and further boost performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly improves CSLR accuracy by effectively capturing the subtle details of continuous sign language gestures and overcoming the representation limitations of current models.
Feasibility of a novel self‐assembling submucosal injection peptide solution for endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal lesions: A multicenter study
Authors: Sato Keigo , Fukuchi Takehide , Kondo Shinpei , Nakano Yuya , Hachisu Yoko , Kasuga Kengo , Matsui Ayako , Aoki Hironori , Takizawa Kohei , Kuribayashi Shiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Uraoka Toshio
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Although a novel submucosal injection material consisting of a fully synthetic, self‐assembling peptide solution, PuraLift, has recently become commercially available in Japan, there are a few reports regarding the usefulness of this solution. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of PuraLift for conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in clinical practice.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study was conducted at the endoscopy units of five institutions from January 2023 to May 2023. Consecutive patients who underwent EMR with PuraLift for 5–20‐mm colorectal lesions were included in the introduction of this solution at each institute. The primary endpoint was the “effective resection” rate, defined as pathological complete resection, with “effective injection” defined as requiring no more than one additional injection due to adequate maintenance of mucosal lifting during EMR.

Results

In total, 110 lesions in 70 patients were treated by conventional EMR using PuraLift. En‐bloc resection was performed for 109 (99%) lesions, and complete resection was performed for 102 (93%) lesions. More than 95% of the lesions were neoplastic. Additional injections were required in only two lesions. Both were single additional injections, and the median overall injection volume was 1.5 mL. Therefore, the effective injection rate was 93% (95% confidence interval, 86%–96%). No adverse events occurred during the study period.

Conclusions

Although direct comparison with other materials is required, PuraLift seems feasible as an injection material for EMR.