bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guiding teaching with assessments: high school chemistry teachers’ use of data-driven inquiry
Authors: Harshman Jordan , Yezierski Ellen
Published: October 2014

Data-driven inquiry (DDI) is the process by which teachers design and implement classroom assessments and use student results to inform/adjust teaching. Although much has been written about DDI, few details exist about how teachers conduct this process on a day-to-day basis in any specific subject area, let alone chemistry. Nineteen high school chemistry teachers participated in semi-structured interviews regarding how they used assessments to inform teaching. Results are reported for each step in the DDI process. Goals – there was a lack in specificity of learning and instructional goals and goals stated were not conducive to informing instruction. Evidence – at least once, all teachers determined student learning based solely on scores and/or subscores, suggesting an over-reliance on these measures. Conclusions – many teachers claimed that students either did or did not “understand” a topic, but the teachers did not adequately describe what this means. Actions – very few teachers listed a specific action as a result of analyzing student data, while the majority gave multiple broad pedagogical strategies to address content deficiencies. The results of this study show the limitations of teachers' DDI practices and inform how professional development on DDI should have a finer grain size and be based in disciplinary content.
Dynamic induction of enantiomeric excess from a prochiral azobenzene dimer under circularly polarized light
Authors: Rijeesh K. , Hashim P. K. , Noro Shin-ichiro , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: October 2014

We demonstrate the simultaneous induction of chirality and enantiomeric excess from a prochiral azobenzene dimerviaa chiral regioisomer formedin situupon CPL irradiation.
Impact of distributions on the photocatalytic performance of anatase nanoparticle ensembles
Authors: Barnard Amanda S.
Published: October 2014

Simultaneously enriching anatase samples with (001) facets and restricting the size to 30 nm or less can significantly increase the photocatalytic performance.
Simple timing recovery algorithm for binary CPFSK based on phase unwrapping
Authors: Dong Yingying , Li Fuqin , Xu Zhengguang
Published: October 2014

A reduced‐complexity timing recovery method for binary continuous‐phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) is presented. The proposed algorithm is based on phase unwrapping and is easy to implement. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation both show that the new algorithm is able to perform close to the theoretical limit given by the modified Cramer–Rao bound (MCRB).
Gold nanowire synthesis by semi‐immersed nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide templates in potassium dicyanoaurate‐hexacyanoferrate electrolyte
Authors: Baitimirova Margarita , Pastare Anita , Katkevics Juris , Viksna Arturs , Prikulis Juris , Erts Donats
Published: October 2014

The synthesis reaction of potassium dicyanoaurate‐hexacyanoferrate electrolyte and the pertinence of this electrolyte for gold nanowire synthesis are reported. Gold nanowires were synthesised in anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) nanopores using an improved design of the electrochemical cell. AAO templates with thick gold layers were placed on the surface of the electrolyte, thus the ends of the nanopores were opened, allowing the electrolyte to freely diffuse into the nanopores, extruding gases. The presented procedure simplifies the preparation before nanowire synthesis: AAO templates before synthesis do not need to degas and isolate themselves from contact with the electrolyte by a parafilm or a non‐conductive adhesive. A considerably faster nanowire growth in the given conditions in the case of a semi‐immersed AAO template when compared with the complete immersion method is reported. For comparison with literature data, gold nanowires were synthesised by the classical electrochemical cell using potassium dicyanoaurate‐citrate electrolyte. Long, smooth and high purity nanowires were obtained using semi‐immersed templates.
Impact of pressure, salt concentration, and temperature on the convective dissolution of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions
Authors: Loodts V. , Rongy L. , De Wit A.
Published: October 2014

The convective dissolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in salted water is theoretically studied to determine how parameters such as CO2 pressure, salt concentration, and temperature impact the short-time characteristics of the buoyancy-driven instability. On the basis of a parameter-free dimensionless model, we perform a linear stability analysis of the time-dependent concentration profiles of CO2 diffusing into the aqueous solution. We explicit the procedure to transform the predicted dimensionless growth rate and wavelength of the convective pattern into dimensional ones for typical laboratory-scale experiments in conditions close to room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This allows to investigate the implicit influence of the experimental parameters on the characteristic length and time scales of the instability. We predict that increasing CO2 pressure, or decreasing salt concentration or temperature destabilizes the system with regard to convection, leading to a faster dissolution of CO2 into salted water.
Sticky water surfaces: Helix–coil transitions suppressed in a cell-penetrating peptide at the air-water interface
Authors: Schach Denise , Globisch Christoph , Roeters Steven J. , Woutersen Sander , Fuchs Adrian , Weiss Clemens K. , Backus Ellen H. G. , Landfester Katharina , Bonn Mischa , Peter Christine , Weidner Tobias
Published: October 2014

GALA is a 30 amino acid synthetic peptide consisting of a Glu-Ala-Leu-Ala repeat and is known to undergo a reversible structural transition from a disordered to an α-helical structure when changing the pH from basic to acidic values. In its helical state GALA can insert into and disintegrate lipid membranes. This effect has generated much interest in GALA as a candidate for pH triggered, targeted drug delivery. GALA also serves as a well-defined model system to understand cell penetration mechanisms and protein folding triggered by external stimuli. Structural transitions of GALA in solution have been studied extensively. However, cell penetration is an interfacial effect and potential biomedical applications of GALA would involve a variety of surfaces, e.g., nanoparticles, lipid membranes, tubing, and liquid-gas interfaces. Despite the apparent importance of interfaces in the functioning of GALA, the effect of surfaces on the reversible folding of GALA has not yet been studied. Here, we use sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG) to probe the structural response of GALA at the air-water interface and IR spectroscopy to follow GALA folding in bulk solution. We combine the SFG data with molecular dynamics simulations to obtain a molecular-level picture of the interaction of GALA with the air-water interface. Surprisingly, while the fully reversible structural transition was observed in solution, at the water-air interface, a large fraction of the GALA population remained helical at high pH. This “stickiness” of the air-water interface can be explained by the stabilizing interactions of hydrophobic leucine and alanine side chains with the water surface.
Analytical solutions of a generalized non-central potential in N-dimensions
Authors: Durmuṣ Ayṣen , Özfidan Aysel
Published: October 2014

We present that N-dimensional non-relativistic wave equation for the generalized non-central potential with arbitrary angular momentum is analytically solvable in the hyperspherical coordinates. Asymptotic iteration method as a different approach is applied to obtain N-dimensional energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions. In hyperspherical coordinates, the wave function solutions are obtained in terms of hypergeometric functions and Jacobi polynomials. The bound states of quantum systems under consideration for some special cases, such as Hartmann and Makarov potentials, have been discussed in N-dimensions.
Novel permanent magnet linear motor with isolated movers: Analytical, numerical and experimental study
Authors: Yan Liang , Peng Juanjuan , Jiao Zongxia , Chen Chin-Yin , Chen I-Ming
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes a novel permanent magnet linear motor possessing two movers and one stator. The two movers are isolated and can interact with the stator poles to generate independent forces and motions. Compared with conventional multiple motor driving system, it helps to increase the system compactness, and thus improve the power density and working efficiency. The magnetic field distribution is obtained by using equivalent magnetic circuit method. Following that, the formulation of force output considering armature reaction is carried out. Then inductances are analyzed with finite element method to investigate the relationships of the two movers. It is found that the mutual-inductances are nearly equal to zero, and thus the interaction between the two movers is negligible. A research prototype of the linear motor and a measurement apparatus on thrust force have been developed. Both numerical computation and experiment measurement are conducted to validate the analytical model of thrust force. Comparison shows that the analytical model matches the numerical and experimental results well.
Shock structure and temperature overshoot in macroscopic multi-temperature model of mixtures
Authors: Madjarević Damir , Ruggeri Tommaso , Simić Srboljub
Published: October 2014

The paper discusses the shock structure in macroscopic multi-temperature model of gaseous mixtures, recently established within the framework of extended thermodynamics. The study is restricted to weak and moderate shocks in a binary mixture of ideal gases with negligible viscosity and heat conductivity. The model predicts the existence of temperature overshoot of heavier constituent, like more sophisticated approaches, but also puts in evidence its non-monotonic behavior not documented in other studies. This phenomenon is explained as a consequence of weak energy exchange between the constituents, either due to large mass difference, or large rarefaction of the mixture. In the range of small Mach number it is also shown that shock thickness (or equivalently, the inverse of Knudsen number) decreases with the increase of Mach number, as well as when the mixture tends to behave like a single-component gas (small mass difference and/or presence of one constituent in traces).
Spectroscopic study of semipolar (112¯2)-HVPE GaN exhibiting high oxygen incorporation
Authors: Schustek Philipp , Hocker Matthias , Klein Martin , Simon Ulrich , Scholz Ferdinand , Thonke Klaus
Published: October 2014

Spatially resolved luminescence and Raman spectroscopy investigations are applied to a series of (112¯2)-GaN samples grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown over an initial layer deposited by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on patterned sapphire substrates. Whereas these two differently grown GaN layers are crystallographically homogeneous, they differ largely in their doping level due to high unintentional oxygen uptake in the HVPE layer. This high doping shows up in luminescence spectra, which can be explained by a free-electron recombination band for which an analytical model considering the Burstein-Moss shift, conduction band tailing, and the bandgap renormalization is included. Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Hall measurements concordantly determine the electron density to be above 1019 cm−3. In addition, the strain state is assessed by Raman spectroscopy and compared to a finite element analysis.
Dynamics of compressional Mach cones in a strongly coupled complex plasma
Authors: Bandyopadhyay P. , Dey R. , Kadyan Sangeeta , Sen Abhijit
Published: October 2014

Using a Generalised-Hydrodynamic (GH) fluid model, we study the influence of strong coupling induced modification of the fluid compressibility on the dynamics of compressional Mach cones in a dusty plasma medium. A significant structural change of lateral wakes for a given Mach number and Epstein drag force is found in the strongly coupled regime. With the increase of fluid compressibility, the peak amplitude of the normalised perturbed dust density first increases and then decreases monotonically after reaching its maximum value. It is also noticed that the opening angle of the cone structure decreases with the increase of the compressibility of the medium and the arm of the Mach cone breaks up into small structures in the velocity vector profile when the coupling between the dust particles increases.
Defect states and charge trapping characteristics of HfO2 films for high performance nonvolatile memory applications
Authors: Zhang Y. , Shao Y. Y. , Lu X. B. , Zeng M. , Zhang Z. , Gao X. S. , Zhang X. J. , Liu J.-M. , Dai J. Y.
Published: October 2014

In this work, we present significant charge trapping memory effects of the metal-hafnium oxide-SiO2-Si (MHOS) structure. The devices based on 800 °C annealed HfO2 film exhibit a large memory window of ∼5.1 V under ±10 V sweeping voltages and excellent charge retention properties with only small charge loss of ∼2.6% after more than 104 s retention. The outstanding memory characteristics are attributed to the high density of deep defect states in HfO2 films. We investigated the defect states in the HfO2 films by photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation measurements and found that the defect states distributed in deep energy levels ranging from 1.1 eV to 2.9 eV below the conduction band. Our work provides further insights for the charge trapping mechanisms of the HfO2 based MHOS devices.
Kinetics of solid-gas reactions characterized by scanning AC nano-calorimetry with application to Zr oxidation
Authors: Xiao Kechao , Lee Dongwoo , Vlassak Joost J.
Published: October 2014

Scanning AC nano-calorimetry is a recently developed experimental technique capable of measuring the heat capacity of thin-film samples of a material over a wide range of temperatures and heating rates. Here, we describe how this technique can be used to study solid-gas phase reactions by measuring the change in heat capacity of a sample during reaction. We apply this approach to evaluate the oxidation kinetics of thin-film samples of zirconium in air. The results confirm parabolic oxidation kinetics with an activation energy of 0.59 ± 0.03 eV. The nano-calorimetry measurements were performed using a device that contains an array of micromachined nano-calorimeter sensors in an architecture designed for combinatorial studies. We demonstrate that the oxidation kinetics can be quantified using a single sample, thus enabling high-throughput mapping of the composition-dependence of the reaction rate.
Optofluidic taming of a colloidal dimer with a silicon nanocavity
Authors: Pin C. , Cluzel B. , Renaut C. , Peyrade D. , Picard E. , Hadji E. , de Fornel F.
Published: October 2014

We report here the optical trapping of a heterogeneous colloidal dimer above a photonic crystal nanocavity used as an on-chip optical tweezer. The trapped dimer consists of a cluster of two dielectric microbeads of different sizes linked by van der Waals forces. The smallest bead, 1 μm in diameter, is observed to be preferentially trapped by the nanotweezer, leaving the second bead untrapped. The rotational nature of the trapped dimer Brownian motion is first evidenced. Then, in the presence of a fluid flow, control of its orientation and rotation is achieved. The whole system is found to show high rotational degrees of freedom, thereby acting as an effective flow-sensitive microscopic optical ball joint.
A multivariate analysis of water quality in Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Ndungu Jane , Augustijn Denie C. M. , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H. , Fulanda Bernard , Kitaka Nzula , Mathooko Jude M.
Published: October 2014

Water quality information in aquatic ecosystems is crucial in setting up guidelines for resource management. This study explores the water quality status and pollution sources in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Analysis of water quality parameters at seven sampling sites was carried out from water samples collected weekly from January to June and biweekly from July to November in 2011. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to analyse the dataset. Principal component analysis showed that four principal components (PCA-1 to PCA-4) explained 94.2% of the water quality variability. PCA-1 and PCA-2 bi-plot suggested that turbidity in the lake correlated directly to nutrients and iron with close association with the sampling site close to the mouth of Malewa River. Three distinct clusters were discerned from the CA analysis: Crescent Lake, a more or less isolated crater lake, the northern region of the lake, and the main lake. The pollution threat in Lake Naivasha includes agricultural and domestic sources. This study provides a valuable dataset on the current water quality status of Lake Naivasha, which is useful for formulating effective management strategies to safeguard ecosystem services and secure the livelihoods of the riparian communities around Lake Naivasha, Kenya.
Phylotranscriptomic analysis of the origin and early diversification of land plants
Authors: Wickett Norman J. , Mirarab Siavash , Nguyen Nam , Warnow Tandy , Carpenter Eric , Matasci Naim , Ayyampalayam Saravanaraj , Barker Michael S. , Burleigh J. Gordon , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Ruhfel Brad R. , Wafula Eric , Der Joshua P. , Graham Sean W. , Mathews Sarah , Melkonian Michael , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Miles Nicholas W. , Rothfels Carl J. , Pokorny Lisa , Shaw A. Jonathan , DeGironimo Lisa , Stevenson Dennis W. , Surek Barbara , Villarreal Juan Carlos , Roure Béatrice , Philippe Hervé , dePamphilis Claude W. , Chen Tao , Deyholos Michael K. , Baucom Regina S. , Kutchan Toni M. , Augustin Megan M. , Wang Jun , Zhang Yong , Tian Zhijian , Yan Zhixiang , Wu Xiaolei , Sun Xiao , Wong Gane Ka-Shu , Leebens-Mack James
Published: October 2014

Significance

Early branching events in the diversification of land plants and closely related algal lineages remain fundamental and unresolved questions in plant evolutionary biology. Accurate reconstructions of these relationships are critical for testing hypotheses of character evolution: for example, the origins of the embryo, vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers. We investigated relationships among streptophyte algae and land plants using the largest set of nuclear genes that has been applied to this problem to date. Hypothesized relationships were rigorously tested through a series of analyses to assess systematic errors in phylogenetic inference caused by sampling artifacts and model misspecification. Results support some generally accepted phylogenetic hypotheses, while rejecting others. This work provides a new framework for studies of land plant evolution.
Activity-dependent PI(3,5)P
2
synthesis controls AMPA receptor trafficking during synaptic depression
Authors: McCartney Amber J. , Zolov Sergey N. , Kauffman Emily J. , Zhang Yanling , Strunk Bethany S. , Weisman Lois S. , Sutton Michael A.
Published: October 2014

Significance

Defects in biosynthesis of the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P
2
] are associated with profound neurodegeneration and early mortality in both humans and mice. However, surprisingly little is known about the functions of this lipid in cells, including neurons, where its loss has the most dramatic impact. Prompted by the striking localization of mammalian homolog of yeast vacuole segregation mutant (Vac14), part of the PI(3,5)P
2
synthesis complex, to excitatory synapses, we developed new tools to measure and manipulate PI(3,5)P
2
synthesis in hippocampal neurons. We find that dynamic changes in PI(3,5)P
2
synthesis impose bidirectional changes on synaptic strength by regulating AMPA-type glutamate receptor trafficking and that activity-dependent regulation of this lipid is crucial for enduring forms of synaptic depression, findings that implicate PI(3,5)P
2
-dependent signaling as a critical synaptic regulatory pathway.
The Persian Presence in Nineteenth-Century English Poetry: A Taxonomy
Authors: Taher-Kermani Reza
Published: October 2014

This study employs keyword searches of literary databases such as Literature Online (LION) in an attempt to map the image of “Persia” in nineteenth-century English poetry as it was molded by a proliferation of thoughts and ideas in a variety of contexts. Completeness is not possible, of course, but the article aims to identify and explore some of the major categories within which the image of Persia was formed and disseminated in the nineteenth-century. The scope of the study is not confined to a corpus of poetic works that were written specifically on or about “Persia,” but takes account of a broader range of poems, and attends to the structure, texture and variations of the presence of “Persia” in nineteenth-century English poetry.
Reducing Bias and Filling in Spatial Gaps in Fishery-Dependent Catch-per-Unit-Effort Data by Geostatistical Prediction, II. Application to a Scallop Fishery
Authors: Walter John F. , Hoenig John M. , Christman Mary C.
Published: October 2014

Fishery-dependent catch per unit effort (CPUE) comprises critical input for many stock assessments. Construction of CPUE indices usually employs some method of data standardization. However, conventional methods based on linear models do not effectively deal with the fact that samples are collected with a selection bias or with the problem of filling spatial gaps. Geostatistical interpolation methods can ameliorate some of the biases caused by both of these problems while remaining complementary to traditional linear model-based CPUE standardization. In this paper we present geostatistical estimates of sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus CPUE from tows recorded by onboard observers during an opening of Georges Bank Closed Area II in 1999. By selecting tows for which there was little prior effort (on the basis of accumulated effort measured by vessel monitoring systems), we obtained tows that reflected initial abundance as closely as possible. These tows were used to obtain a variogram which was used in geostatistical prediction of sea scallop CPUE. The kriged mean was substantially lower than the arithmetic sample mean, indicating that a geostatistical approach reduced the influence of repeated sampling in locations of extremely high CPUE and increased the weight of isolated observations in areas of low CPUE. The results produced a map that was qualitatively similar to that obtained from a preseason fishery-independent survey. Overall differences between the two approaches were driven by the extension of predictions into areas at the edges of spatial autocorrelation where kriging predictions approached the grand mean of the data set.

Received July 26, 2013; accepted June 2, 2014
Growth and Mortality of Hatchery-Reared Striped Bass Stocked into Nonnatal Systems
Authors: Callihan Jody L. , Godwin Charlton H. , Dockendorf Kevin J. , Buckel Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2014

Cross-stocking involves the use of fish from nonnatal sources to augment populations. This practice may not be effective, especially if fish from different populations are not well adapted to the environmental conditions of the areas intended for enhancement. Yet, the ecological consequences of cross-stocking have received little attention, particularly in coastal environments. We used tag return data (1990–2010) from an ongoing stock enhancement program to compare the growth and mortality of hatchery-reared Striped Bass Morone saxatilis of Roanoke River origin between their natal (Albemarle Sound estuary) and two nonnatal systems (Tar-Pamlico and Neuse rivers) in North Carolina. Despite their Roanoke River origin, stocked juveniles exhibited high fidelity (>90%) to nonnatal systems and similarly high growth as in their natal habitat (von Bertalanffy K values were statistically similar among systems and ranged from 0.54 to 0.61). However, time-at-liberty estimators of total mortality (Z) indicated stocked Striped Bass experienced significantly higher mortality in nonnatal (Z values, 0.48–0.51) versus natal (Z = 0.33) systems. Therefore, while cross-stocking may not contribute to stock rebuilding, it appeared to be an effective management tool for supporting local put-and-take fisheries for this recreationally and commercially important species.

Received March 11, 2014; accepted July 16, 2014
Nuclear actin activates human transcription factor genes including the OCT4 gene
Authors: Yamazaki Shota , Yamamoto Koji , Tokunaga Makio , Sakata-Sogawa Kumiko , Harata Masahiko
Published: October 2014

RNA microarray analyses revealed that nuclear actin activated many human transcription factor genes including OCT4, which is required for gene reprogramming. Oct4 is known to be activated by nuclear actin in Xenopus oocytes. Our findings imply that this process of OCT4 activation is conserved in vertebrates and among cell types and could be used for gene reprogramming of human cells.
Reactions on Display/Intimate Partner Violence (RoD/IPV)—A Study of a New Interactive Computer Simulation Program for the Treatment of Men Convicted of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Sygel Kristina , Kristiansson Marianne , Furberg Roberto , Fors Uno
Published: October 2014

A new, interactive computer simulation system (Reactions on Display/Intimate Partner Violence, RoD/IPV) depicting intimate partner violence has been created to facilitate change in a participant's violent behavior by allowing him to visually observe and reflect upon common feelings, thoughts, actions, and consequences in a typical domestic violence scenario. In this pilot study of the RoD/IPV system, 24 male offenders’ use of RoD/IPV was compared with a non-offender control group of 10 men. Fourteen of the offenders had previously completed the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme (IDAP). One two-hour simulation session per participant was carried out, during which the choices made and answers given to the interactive questions were logged. The participants’ impressions of the system were recorded using a questionnaire. In this study, RoD/IPV appeared to be well received and understood, both by offenders and non-offenders, despite disparity in intelligence and computer literacy between the groups. Offenders who had not undergone IDAP showed a trend towards making more violent choices, and significant differences between the groups emerged in the area of interpretation of the simulated characters’ emotions. This lends some support to earlier research regarding differences in emotional processing between offenders and non-offenders and suggestions that therapeutic interventions for intimate partner violence may be improved by adding emotion recognition training skills. The results of this small pilot study provide a base from which a future prospective randomised controlled trial of the RoD/IPV may be designed.
State Prisoner Misconduct: Contribution of Dual Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Wood Steven R.
Published: October 2014

Using self-report data from American state prisoners ( N = 14,499; 79.8% male) and negative binomial regression, this study found prisoners with preadmission dual serious mental and substance use disorders reported greater diversities and numbers of disciplinary infractions in general compared to inmates without dual disorders. Findings were mixed for diversity and number of assaultive infractions. Variety and numbers of charges for infractions in general and assault were strongly associated with previous and current incarceration experiences with assault victimization. The article concludes with suggestions for corrections policies such as screening for dual disorders, PTSD, and assault victimization, and future research.
Effect of Changes in Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations on the Spatial Dynamics of the Gulf Menhaden Fishery in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Langseth Brian J. , Purcell Kevin M. , Craig J. Kevin , Schueller Amy M. , Smith Joseph W. , Shertzer Kyle W. , Creekmore Sean , Rose Kenneth A. , Fennel Katja
Published: October 2014

Declines in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in aquatic environments can lead to conditions of hypoxia (DO ≤ 2 mg/L), which can directly and indirectly affect aquatic organisms. Direct effects include changes in growth and mortality; indirect effects include changes in distribution, movement, and interactions with other species. For mobile species, such as the pelagic filter feeding Gulf Menhaden Brevoortia patronus, indirect effects are more prevalent than direct effects. The northern Gulf of Mexico experiences one of the largest areas of seasonal hypoxia in the world; this area overlaps spatially and temporally with the Gulf Menhaden commercial purse seine fishery, which is among the largest fisheries by weight in the United States. Harvest records from the Gulf Menhaden fishery in 2006–2009 and fine scale spatial and temporal predictions from a physical–biogeochemical model were used with spatially varying regression models to examine the effects of bottom DO concentration, spatial location, depth, week, and year on four response variables: probability of fishing, total Gulf Menhaden catch, total fishery effort, and CPUE. We found nearshore shifts in the probability of fishing as DO concentration declined, and we detected a general westward shift in all response variables. We also found increases in CPUE as DO concentration declined in the Louisiana Bight, an area that experiences chronic, severe hypoxia. The overall effects of environmental conditions on fishing response variables appeared to be moderate. Nevertheless, movement of either Gulf Menhaden or the purse seine fishery in response to environmental conditions could potentially affect the susceptibility of Gulf Menhaden to harvest and could therefore influence assessment of the stock and associated stock status indicators.

Received March 4, 2014; accepted June 26, 2014
Functional insight into the role of Orc6 in septin complex filament formation inDrosophila
Authors: Akhmetova Katarina , Balasov Maxim , Huijbregts Richard P. H. , Chesnokov Igor
Published: October 2014

Septins belong to a family of polymerizing GTP-binding proteins that are important for cytokinesis and other processes that involve spatial organization of the cell cortex. We reconstituted a recombinant Drosophila septin complex and compared activities of the wild-type and several mutant septin complex variants both in vitro and in vivo. We show that Drosophila septin complex functions depend on the intact GTP-binding and/or hydrolysis domains of Pnut, Sep1, and Sep2. The presence of the functional C-terminal domain of septins is required for the integrity of the complex. Drosophila Orc6 protein, the smallest subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC), directly binds to septin complex and facilitates septin filament formation. Orc6 forms dimers through the interactions of its N-terminal, TFIIB-like domains. This ability of the protein suggests a direct bridging role for Orc6 in stimulating septin polymerization in Drosophila. Studies reported here provide a functional dissection of a Drosophila septin complex and highlight the basic conserved and divergent features among metazoan septin complexes.
Superresolution imaging reveals structural features of EB1 in microtubule plus-end tracking
Authors: Xia Peng , Liu Xing , Wu Bing , Zhang Shuyuan , Song Xiaoyu , Yao Phil Y. , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer , Yao Xuebiao
Published: October 2014

Visualization of specific molecules and their interactions in real time and space is essential to delineate how cellular dynamics and the signaling circuit are orchestrated. Spatial regulation of conformational dynamics and structural plasticity of protein interactions is required to rewire signaling circuitry in response to extracellular cues. We introduce a method for optically imaging intracellular protein interactions at nanometer spatial resolution in live cells, using photoactivatable complementary fluorescent (PACF) proteins. Subsets of complementary fluorescent protein molecules were activated, localized, and then bleached; this was followed by the assembly of superresolution images from aggregate position of sum interactive molecules. Using PACF, we obtained precise localization of dynamic microtubule plus-end hub protein EB1 dimers and their distinct distributions at the leading edges and in the cell bodies of migrating cells. We further delineated the structure–function relationship of EB1 by generating EB1-PACF dimers (EB1wt:EB1wt, EB1wt:EB1mt, and EB1mt:EB1mt) and imaging their precise localizations in culture cells. Surprisingly, our analyses revealed critical role of a previously uncharacterized EB1 linker region in tracking microtubule plus ends in live cells. Thus PACF provides a unique approach to delineating spatial dynamics of homo- or heterodimerized proteins at the nanometer scale and establishes a platform to report the precise regulation of protein interactions in space and time in live cells.
Identification of a mitotic Rac-GEF, Trio, that counteracts MgcRacGAP function during cytokinesis
Authors: Cannet Aude , Schmidt Susanne , Delaval Bénédicte , Debant Anne
Published: October 2014

The Rho GTPases RhoA and Rac1 function as master regulators of cytokinesis by controlling the actomyosin cytoskeleton. RhoA and Rac1 have to be respectively activated and inactivated at the division plane for cytokinesis to occur properly. The inactivation of Rac1 at the cleavage furrow is controlled by MgcRacGAP. However, the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates Rac1 during cell division remains unknown. Here, using a siRNA screening approach in HeLa cells, we identify Trio as a mitotic GEF of Rac1. We demonstrate that Trio controls Rac1 activation and subsequent F-actin remodeling in dividing cells. Moreover, Trio depletion specifically rescues the cytokinesis failure induced by MgcRacGAP depletion. Of importance, we demonstrate that this rescue is mediated by the Trio-Rac1 pathway, using GEF-dead mutants of Trio and a specific inhibitor of Rac1 activation by Trio. Overall this work identifies for the first time a GEF controlling Rac1 activation in dividing cells that counteracts MgcRacGAP function in cytokinesis.
Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

This is the original book presenting the theory of emerging adulthood, which offered a new conception of development from the late teens through the twenties. The book presents emerging adulthood as a new life stage that has arisen over the past half century in developed countries. It is not merely “late adolescence,” because emerging adults are not going through puberty, are not as dependent on their parents, and are not minors under the law. Nor is it the beginning of a settled “young adulthood” in which the structure of an adult life has been built that is likely to continue for decades to come. Instead, emerging adulthood is a life stage in which explorations and instability are the norm. As they focus on their self-development, emerging adults feel in-between, on the way to adulthood but not there yet. Nevertheless, they have a high level of optimism about what the future holds for them. For this tenth anniversary edition, all the chapters have been updated, and three new ones have been added, on media uses, social class issues, and problems. The other chapters cover a wide range of topics in the lives of emerging adults, including relations with parents; love, sex, and marriage; college and the transition to work; religious beliefs and values; and how emerging adults perceive their transition to adulthood. Throughout the book, vivid interview material is combined with large-scale survey research, including a national survey of 18–29-year-olds directed by the author.
Love and Sex
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

This chapter examines many aspects of love and sex in the lives of emerging adults. The period that set the stage for love and sex as emerging adults experience it today was the 1960s–1970s; dating became much less formal as distinctions in gender roles came under fire by the Women’s Movement, and a new Sexual Revolution took place, including widespread use of the birth control pill. First, there is a look at the ways emerging adults meet potential love partners. This includes a discussion of the role that ethnic background plays in love choices. Then the chapter turns to sexuality, including emerging adults’ reflections on the age at which sexual activity becomes acceptable, their use (or not) of contraception, the threat of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and uses of pornography. Finally, there is an exploration of the experiences of emerging adults who are gay or lesbian.
How Important Is Social Class?
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

Critics of the theory of emerging adulthood claim that the theory applies only to the middle- and upper-middle-class young people who go to university and have enough financial support from parents to experience personal freedom and leisure during these years, but not to the working-class and lower-class young people who have far fewer options. In this chapter this issue is first addressed by reviewing research from the national Clark poll of 18–29-year-olds, showing far more similarities than differences with respect to social class. Then, four case studies are presented of African Americans in their twenties from various social class backgrounds. The Clark poll findings and these case studies illustrate that even though there are clear and sometimes dramatic differences in life prospects depending on social class, there is enough similarity across social classes to merit the application of “emerging adulthood” to the age group as a whole.
Sharing and specificity of co-expression networks across 35 human tissues
Authors: Pierson Emma , Consortium GTEx , Koller Daphne , Battle Alexis , Mostafavi Sara
Published: October 2014

To understand the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression, the GTEx Consortium generated RNA-seq expression data for more than thirty distinct human tissues. This data provides an opportunity for deriving shared and tissue-specific gene regulatory networks on the basis of co-expression between genes. However, a small number of samples are available for a majority of the tissues, and therefore statistical inference of networks in this setting is highly underpowered. To address this problem, we infer tissue-specific gene co-expression networks for 35 tissues in the GTEx dataset using a novel algorithm, GNAT, that uses a hierarchy of tissues to share data between related tissues. We show that this transfer learning approach increases the accuracy with which networks are learned. Analysis of these networks reveals that tissue-specific transcription factors are hubs that preferentially connect to genes with tissue-specific functions. Additionally, we observe that genes with tissue-specific functions lie at the peripheries of our networks. We identify numerous modules enriched for Gene Ontology functions, and show that modules conserved across tissues are especially likely to have functions common to all tissues, while modules that are upregulated in a particular tissue are often instrumental to tissue-specific function. Finally, we provide a web tool, available at mostafavilab.stat.ubc.ca/GNAT, which allows exploration of gene function and regulation in a tissue-specific manner.
The Histology ofNanomia bijuga(Hydrozoa: Siphonophora)
Authors: Church Samuel H , Siebert Stefan , Bhattacharyya Pathikrit , Dunn Casey W
Published: October 2014

The siphonophoreNanomia bijugais a pelagic hydrozoan (Cnidaria) with complex morphological organization. Each siphonophore is made up of many asexually produced, genetically identical zooids that are functionally specialized and morphologically distinct. These zooids predominantly arise by budding in two growth zones, and are arranged in precise patterns. This study describes the cellular anatomy of several zooid types as well as of the stem and gas-filled float, called the pneumatophore. The distribution of cellular morphologies across zooid types enhances our understanding of zooid function. The unique absorptive cells in the palpon, for example, indicate specialized intracellular digestive processing in this zooid type. Though cnidarians are usually thought of as mono-epithelial, we characterize at least two cellular populations in this species which are not connected to a basement membrane. This work provides a greater understanding of epithelial diversity within the cnidarians, and will be a foundation for future studies onNanomia bijuga, including functional assays and gene expression analyses.
Crystal structure of 1,6-dithiacyclodeca-cis-3,cis-8-diene (DTCDD)
Authors: Baughman Russell G. , Delanty Molly C. , Ortwerth Michael F.
Published: October 2014

The title compound, C8H12S2(trivial name DTCDD), was obtained as a side product of the reaction betweencis-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene and sodium sulfide. The asymmetric unit consists of one-quarter of the molecule (S site symmetry 2) and the complete molecule has 2/m(C2h) point symmetry with the C=C bond in anEconformation. The geometry of the title compound is compared to those of a chloro derivative and a mercury complex.
Crystal structure ofcatena-poly[[diaqua(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one-κ2N,N′)cadmium]-μ-2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatobenzoato-κ3O1,O1′:O5]
Authors: Wang Chun-Xiang , Li Zhi-Feng
Published: October 2014

In the polymeric title compound, [Cd(C7H4O6S)(C11H6N2O)(H2O)2]n, the Cd2+atom is seven-coordinated by two water O atoms, by three O atoms from two 2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatobenzoate (Hssal2−) ligands and by two N atoms from a 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (Dafo) ligand in a distorted pentagonal–bipyramidal geometry. The Cd2+atoms are monodentately coordinated by the sulfonate group of one Hssal2−ligand and bidentately coordinated by the carboxylate group of another Hssal2−ligand, generating zigzag chains running parallel to [010]. The chains are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional architecture.
Crystal structure of (E)-N-{[3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methylidene}hydroxylamine
Authors: Mague Joel T. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Akkurt Mehmet , El-Emary Talaat I. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: October 2014

The title compound, C15H14N4O, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit with similar conformations (r.m.s. overlay fit for the 20 non-H atoms = 0.175 Å). In the first molecule, the dihedral angles between the planes of the central pyrazole ring and the pendant phenyl and pyrrole rings are 42.69 (8) and 51.88 (6)°, respectively, with corresponding angles of 54.49 (7) and 49.61 (9)°, respectively, in the second molecule. In the crystal, the two molecules, together with their inversion-symmetry counterparts, are linked into tetramers by O—H...N hydrogen bonds. The tetramers form layers parallel to (211) through pairwise C—H...π interactions.
Crystal structure of chlorido{4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(2,3-η)-2-prop-2-en-1-yl]phenyl-κC1}(piperidine-κN)platinum(II) ethanol monosolvate
Authors: Mangwala Kimpende Peter , Thi Da Tran , Nguyen Huu Dinh , Van Meervelt Luc
Published: October 2014

In the title compound, [Pt(C11H13O2)Cl(C5H11N)]·C2H5OH, the PtIIcation is pentacoordinated in a distorted square-planar geometry. In the crystal, inversion dimers showing C—H...Cl and C—H...π interactions are further stacked in columns along theaaxisviaC—H...π interactions. The ethanol solvate molecule interacts with neighbouring methoxy groups of methyleugenol through O—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde
Authors: Kim Sung-Gon
Published: October 2014

The title compound, C9H7BrO2, displays atransconfiguration with respect to the C=C double bond and is essentially planar [maximum deviation from the least-squares plane through all non-H atoms = 0.056 (4) Å]. The vinylaldehyde group adopts an extended conformation wih a C—C—C—C torsion angle of 179.7 (4)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by classical O—H...O and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
Crystal structure of tris(phenylselenolato-κSe)tris(tetrahydrofuran-κO)thulium(III)
Authors: Takaluoma Esther M. , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Lehmann Christian W. , Laitinen Risto S.
Published: October 2014

In the title compound, [Tm(C6H5Se)3(C4H8O)3], the TmIIIatom lies on a threefold rotation axis and is coordinated by three phenylselenolate ligands and three tetrahydrofuran ligands leading to a distortedfac-octahedral coordination environment. The Tm—Se and Tm—O bond lengths are 2.7692 (17) and 2.345 (10) Å, respectively, and the bond angles are 91.32 (6)° for Se—Tm—Se, 92.6 (2) and 94.4 (2)° for Se—Tm—O, and 81.2 (3)° for O—Tm—O. In the crystal, the discrete complexes are linked by van der Waals interactions only. The crystal was refined as a non-merohedral twin (ratio = 0.65:0.35).
Structural similarities among eight benzoylhydrazones
Authors: Ton Quoc Cuong , Bolte Michael , Egert Ernst
Published: October 2014

The crystal structures of eight benzoylhydrazones with different substituents have been investigated, namely 1-benzoyl-2-(propan-2-ylidene)hydrazone, C10H12N2O, (I), 1-benzoyl-2-(1-cyclohexylethylidene)hydrazone, C15H20N2O, (II), 1-benzoyl-2-[1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazone, C19H16N2O, (III), 1-benzoyl-2-(1-cyclohexylbenzylidene)hydrazone, C20H22N2O, (IV), 1-benzoyl-2-(1-phenylbenzylidene)hydrazone, C20H16N2O, (V), 1-benzoyl-2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)benzylidene]hydrazone, C20H15ClN2O, (VI), 1-benzoyl-2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazone methanol monosolvate, C14H12N2O2·CH3OH, (VII), and 1-benzoyl-2-(1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ylidene)hydrazone, C22H20N2O, (VIII). The ten molecules in the eight crystal structures [there are two independent molecules in the structures of (V) and (VI)] show similar conformations and hydrogen-bonding patterns. The C=N—NH—C=O group is planar, but the plane of the phenyl ring of the benzoyl group is rotated by about 30° with respect to that of the keto group [except for (IV), where the groups are coplanar]. Only in the amide group of (VIII) is the N—H groupsynto the C=O bond, whereas the seven other compounds exhibit theanticonformation. Unless prevented by steric hindrance, N—H...O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the crystal structure, which leads to infinite chains or dimers depending upon the molecular conformation. The molecular packing is supported by intermolecular C—H...O interactions. In the crystal structure of (VII), the methanol solvent molecule participates in two strong hydrogen bonds and two weak C—H...O interactions, thus acting as a link between the molecular chains.