bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of flexicurity in Slovenia
Authors: Laporšek Suzana
Published: February 2020

Flexicurity remains an important policy instrument in the EU and will be
especiallyimportant in the changing economic and labor market environment, characterized with changing nature of work and development of new forms of work.

Purpose. This paper examines the implementation of flexicurity policies in Slovenia and compares them with the EU countries.

Design/methodology/approach. As there is no uniform measure of flexicurity, the analysis is structured in accordance with four elements
of flexicurity policies, developed within the EU, and suitable indicators: (i) flexibility of contractual relations; (ii) lifelong learning; (iii) active labor market policies; and (iv) social protection
system. Analysis uses descriptive statistics for last available years and compares these data with crisis year 2010. Data for international comparisons were obtained from the European Commission, Eurostat and Organization for the Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia and the Employment Service of Slovenia.

Findings and iImplications. Slovenia has in the past already performed labor market reforms that relate to flexicurity components, yet there is
still room for improvement. These are especially needed in the field of
lifelong learning and expenditures for active labor market policies, where Slovenia is at the tail of the EU countries. In the front of flexibility, a significant decline in the employment protection was noticed with the last legislative change in 2013, which aimed at reducing segmentation and increasing labor market flexibility. In the front of social protection, Slovenia is among the EU countries with the most generous social systems, which, on the other hand, create high work
disincentives.

Limitations. This study focuses only on the presentation of the recent indicators of flexicurity components, which is one of its major limitation. Future research should study in more detail the effects of flexicurity on labor market, reconsider the importance of flexicurity in
assuring decent work and develop a more comprehensible measure of flexicurity.

Originality. The paper adds to the existing literature on Slovenia by giving an overview of recent developments of flexicurity concept, pointing on the areas that require policy response.
La relación entre el derecho internacional público y el derecho petrolero: Estudio del caso entre Timor-Leste y Australia
Authors: Pereira Jeremias , Pithan Lívia Haygert
Published: February 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la Ley del Mar y el Petróleo para comprender las razones que generaron, durante más de una década, el conflicto entre Timor-Leste y Australia con respecto a la definición de fronteras marítimas definitivas. Timor-Leste ya ha sido explotado e invadido por varias naciones. Debido a la abundancia de petróleo y gas natural, sufrió obtener la independencia en 2002, así como luchó por disfrutar de su territorio marítimo hasta 2018, de este nuevo contexto del tratado de frontera marítima firmado entre Timor-Leste y el Australia. La línea de equidistancia mediana fue el parámetro utilizado para definir las fronteras timorenses definitivas, otorgando el derecho a disfrutar de su territorio marítimo. El pacto definitivo sobre las fronteras ha contribuido en gran medida al desarrollo de Timor-Leste, debido a la explotación de las riquezas marinas, además de reconocer la necesidad del país de que las compañías petroleras ayuden en la evolución de Timor-Leste de una manera específica y puntual. Esto debe ser ratificado ahora por los parlamentos nacionales de ambos países. Está previsto que el proceso de ratificación finalice en 2019. Timor-Leste está tratando actualmente negociar sus fronteras marítimas con Indonesia, pero éstas han sido suspendidas durante el proceso de conciliación obligatoria con Australia. Ahora que este proceso ha terminado, los dos países pueden reanudar sus debates de nuevo
ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) PADA BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA TUMBUH
Authors: Putri Liastyn Dwika , Kusumaningrum Nora Augustien , Nugrahani Pangesti
Published: February 2020

Berbagai macam penggunaan bahan  non  organik  sering  diterapkan  dalam  bercocok  tanam sayuran, hal tersebut mengakibatkan permasalahan kesehatan bagi yang mengkonsumsinya sedangkan permintaan masyarakat akan kebutuhan sayuran  semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya dalam penerapan penanaman sayuran organik dengan memanfaatkan bahan organik sekitar yang tidak digunakan lagi. Penggunaan bahan-bahan organik juga dapat meningkatkan waktu panen, sehingga relatif lebih cepat. Waktu panen tergantung pertumbuhan tanaman, semakin subur media tumbuh maka semakin cepat tanaman bisa dipanen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis pertumbuhan bibit tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.) (2) mengupayakan benih sawi berkecambah lebih cepat dengan penambahan berbagai komposisi media tumbuh. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya. Pada bulan Maret hingga April 2017. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bahan organik dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan  bibit  tanaman  sawi  pada  semua  perlakuan  hingga  4  %/etmal  dan  meningkatkan persentase pertumbuhan bibit tanaman sawi hingga 90%. Hasil komposisi media tumbuh perlakuan P4 yaitu tanah + kompos + seresah jerami  (2:1:1) mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun sebesar 9,33 helai, panjang tanaman sebesar 38,80 cm, luas daun sebesar 60,80 cm2, berat kering sebesar 14,81 g, serta rata – rata nilai keseluruan dari LTT (Laju Tumbuh Tanaman) sebesar 40% dan LAB (Laju Asimilasi Bersih) sebesar 76% dibandingkan dengan menggunakan media tumbuh tanah (P0).
UJI ANTAGONISME BAKTERI ENDOFIT ASAL TANAMAN PERTANIAN DATARAN RENDAH PADA MEDIUM AGAR
Authors: Purnawati Arika , Rahmadhini Noni , Syafriani Elly
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kandidat bakteri endofit asal tanaman pertanian dataran rendah yang berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali biologi Ralstonia solanacearum pada tanaman tomat. Bioassay dilakukan menggunakan metode perendaman biji tomat dalam suspensi bakteri endofit (108 cfu/ml) selama 60 menit selanjutnya R. solanacearum berumur 24 jam (108 cfu/ml) dicampur dengan 6 ml agar cair 0,6% dan dituang ke permukaan benih. Bioassay diamati pada jam ke 24, 48, 72, dan 96. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 10 isolat bakteri endofit sebagai faktor tunggal perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa 10 isolat bakteri endofit mampu menghambat pertumbuhan R. solanacearum pada medium agar, dan ukuran zona bening tertinggi dibentuk oleh isolat H, I, J.
FORMULASI BIOFERTILIZER GRANULAR BERBAHAN MIKROBA Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Affandy Rizky Nur , Nirwanto Herry , Harijani Wiwik Sri
Published: February 2020

Formulasi granular Trichoderma sp. merupakan pupuk yang mengandung mikroorganisme hidup yang diberikan pada tanaman berguna dalam penyediaan unsur-unsur hara yang dibutuhkan dalam pertumbuhan tanaman dan sebagai agens hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian formulasi granular Trichoderma sp. sebagai biofertilizer pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Uji ini menggunakan lama simpan Formulasi Granular Trichoderma sp. berumur 7 minggu. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pembuatan suspensi Trichoderma sp., pembuatan formulasi granular Trichoderma sp. persiapan aplikasi formulasi granular pada tanaman cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi granular Trichoderma sp. dengan bahan pembawa kompos dapat berperan sebagai biofertilizer yang paling efektif dalam mempengaruhi tinggi, jumlah daun, dan berat kering pada tanaman cabai.
Ferðamennska í tannlækningum – lýðheilsu stefnt í hættu
Authors: Olsvik Ørjan , Lund Bodil Kristina
Published: February 2020

Undanfarið hefur svokölluð heilsutengd ferðamennska aukist til muna, en hún snýst um að sameina læknisþjónustu erlendis og orlof. Heilsutengd ferðamennska getur skapað menningarleg, efnahagsleg, siðfræðileg, lagaleg og læknisfræðileg vandamál þegar smitsjúkdómar berast til heimalandsins. Sjúklingar sem kjósa að leita sér læknisþjónustu erlendis ættu að vera meðvitaðir um að þeir geta smitast af sýklalyfjaþolnum bakteríum.
Tannmyndunargallar – klínískar áskoranir við greiningu og meðferð
Authors: Sveinsdóttir Eva Guðrún , Espelid Ivar
Published: February 2020

Myndunargallar í hörðu vefjum tanna ná yfir víðtækt svið tannlækninga og útsetja tannlækninn fyrir miklum áskorunum við greiningu og meðferðarval. Þegar greina skal á milli eðlilegrar og óeðlilegrar tannmyndunar er þörf á ítarlegu mati á sjúklingi, þar með talið læknisfræðilegri-, tannlæknisfræðilegri- og fjölskyldusögu, ásamt klínískri- og röntgenskoðun. Mikilvægar upplýsingar þurfa að liggja fyrir og þær metnar í samhengi til að hægt sé að ákveða rétta greiningu, sem annaðhvort getur verið af erfðafræðilegum eða áunnum toga. Þegar hún liggur fyrir er meðferðarplan ákveðið á kerfisbundinn hátt þar sem horft er til framtíðar. Í mörgum tilfellum eiga sjúklingar með tannmyndunargalla langa meðferð fyrir höndum. Af þeim sökum er mikilvægt að tannlæknir sem meðferðinni stýrir hafi þekkingu og skilning til að veita sjúklingi bestu meðferð sem völ er á. Skoðun sjúklings er einnig mikilvæg þegar meðferðarleið er valin. Í flóknum tilfellum er oft þörf fyrir sérhæfðan tannlækni, svo sem sérfræðing í barnatannlækningum, til að samræma aðgerðir annarra sérfræðinga sem koma að meðferðinni. Í grein þessari er lögð áhersla á mikilvægustu þætti greiningar og meðferðar algengustu tannmyndunargalla.
“Our Stories about Extraction”: A Brief Interview with Elizabeth LaPensée
Authors: LaPensée Elizabeth , Kinder Jordan
Published: February 2020

In this brief interview, Jordan B. Kinder discusses Thunderbird Strike with Anishinaabe, Métis, and settler-Irish media theorist and artist Elizabeth LaPensée. Thunderbird Strike is a multiplatform, two-dimensional sidescrolling video game created by LaPensée in collaboration with Adrian Cheater and Aubrey Jane Scott (programming), NÀHGĄ a.k.a. Casey Koyczan (music and sound effects), and Kaitlin Rose Lenhard (cut scene editing). The conversation is centred on the inspiration for Thunderbird Strike, its reception, and its possibilities as a pedagogical medium.
Дослідження електрохімічних характеристик та опору грунту анодних заземлень під час тривалої експлуатації
Authors: Усов Д.І. , Архипов О.Г. , Любимова-Зінченко О.В.
Published: February 2020

Одним з найголовніших питань, при спорудженні установок катодного захисту є правильність вибору анодного заземлення.

В роботі розглянуті дослідження зміни структури металу і обумовлених цим змін електрохімічних характеристик сталевих анодів станції катодного захисту, проведений порівняльний аналіз зміни опору ґрунту та анодних заземлень до та після закладання хімічно активних речовин.

В результаті проведених досліджень анодних заземлювачів, які були в експлуатації від 1 до 20 років було встановлено, що їх експлуатація потребувала значних витрат електрики. Що і обумовило потребу використання активаторів.

Дослідження електричного опору ґрунту і системи анод-ґрунт показали ефективність використання хімічно активних речовин для зменшення опору в системі анод-ґрунт, що дозволить подовжити ресурс експлуатації анодних систем, бо існуючи системи вимагають систематичного ремонту або заміни великогабаритних анодів. Активізація розчинення анодів, навпаки, полегшує навантаження на катодні станції та покращує економічні показники.

Отримані результати важ­ливі для розуміння процесів розкладання анодних заземлень та збільшення терміну їх експлуа­тації протягом тривалого часу.
Обгрунтування фотохімічної технології знешкодження хлорвмістного пестицидного препарату сімазин
Authors: Целіщева М.О. , Целіщев О.Б. , Лорія М.Г.
Published: February 2020

В роботі обґрунтовано, що фотохімічна технологія знешкодження хлорвмістного пестицидного препарату сімазин є енергозаощадливою, дозволяє значно скоротити енерговитрати на переробку одиниці препарату, виключає утворення діоксинів, що має місце при термічному методі знешкодження. Для здійснення керування процесом фотохімічного знешкодження непридатних хлорвмістних пестицидних препаратів було проведено аналіз технологічного процесу як об’єкту керування. З аналізу визначено параметри процесу, що підлягають регулюванню (стабілізації) – вихідні координати процесу, параметрів, за рахунок яких можна здійснювати процес керування – вхідні регулюючи координати процесу, та параметрів, які впливають на процес, але не можуть бути навмисно змінені и) – вхідні збурюючи координати процесу. На підставі експериментальнихданих переробки пестицидного препарату сімазин при різних температурах у реакторі безперервної дії випливає, що час обробки залежить від температури. З експериментальних даних був зроблений висновок, що при температурі Т3 = 300 0С  час обробки мінімальний і становить приблизно 40 хвилин. Ця температура єоптимальної, тому що подальше підвищення температури може привести до утвореннядіоксинів. В роботі обґрунтовано, що газоподібні продукти розкладання не містять хлору і хлорвмістних продуктів, тобто не потрібно додаткове обладнання для їх утилізації. Можливість протікання описаних реакцій дозволяє виключити утворення хлороводню в газоподібних продуктах реакції, що повністю підтверджується аналізом газоподібних продуктів розкладання і наявністю іону Сl - в твердому залишку. Таким чином, можна говорити про те, що дане технологічне рішення поєднує в собі термічний і фотохімічні методи розкладання пестицидів, та віднести його до якого-небудь одного способу досить важко. Але так як в процесі реалізується термодинамічно заборонене розкладання води за рахунок енергії опромінення, цей процес можна класифікувати як фотохімічний.
Зниження енерговитрат тягового рухомого складу в експлуатації
Authors: Чигирик Н.Д. , Сумцов А.Л. , Вихопень І.Р. , Силенко А.В.
Published: February 2020

Економічна  доступність  нових сучасних матеріалів  з  високими рівнем споживчих  характеристик,  дає змогу  розглядати варіанти застосування нових  способів зі зменшення  енергоспоживання тяговим електрорухомим складом.  У  статті  пропонується використання електромагнітного  розвантаження для  зниження  механічних  втрат  в  підшипникових  щитах  асинхронних  електродвигунів  приводу  вентиляторів  охолодження та компресорів.  Джерелом  саможивлення  пристрою являється аксіальний  трифазний  генератор  на  неодимових  постійних  магнітах.  Приведені  результати  попереднього  проектування  електромагнітної  системи  пристрою  і  опрацювання способу його інтегрування у вже  існуючу  конструкцію  устаткування  охолодження  і  нагнітання тягового електрорухомого  складу.
Інформаційна технологія гібридного розпізнавання образів для обробки неоднорідних даних в складних системах
Authors: Захожай О.І.
Published: February 2020

Гібридне розпізнавання образів дозволяє обробляти неоднорідні дані за рахунок представлення складної системи сукупністю образів різної природи виникнення. Це сприяє отриманню бажаного рівня достовірності класифікації за умови динамічної зміни наявних у зовнішньому середовищі перешкод і викривлень. При цьому, гібридне розпізнавання пов’язано з розширенням розмірності інформаційного полю аналізу даних, що призводить до збільшення часової складності самого процесу обробки та прийняття рішення. У багатьох прикладних застосуваннях, час обробки має критичне значення, тому для ефективного використання гібридного розпізнавання образів необхідне вирішення важливої науково-технічної задачі забезпечення бажаного рівня достовірності розпізнавання при одночасній мінімізації часу отримання класифікаційного рішення. В статті представлене вирішення цієї задачі шляхом розробки нової інформаційної технології гібридного розпізнавання для обробки неоднорідних даних в складних системах. Згідно цієї технології, процес обробки здійснюється до моменту отримання апріорно завданого рівня достовірності класифікації, або до моменту завершення часу, виділеного на співставлення ознак складної системи та отримання результату. Ефективність розроблених технічних рішень було перевірено на трьох різноманітних прикладних інформаційних технологіях в яких було отримано позитивний результат.
Синтез пентаеритриту в реакторах різного типу
Authors: Бєлкін Д.І. , Демченко О.О.
Published: February 2020

Для реакторів періодичної і напівперіодичної дії і реакторів витіснення і змішення безперервної дії з використаннямматематичної моделі визначені залежності вибірковості реакцій процесу конденсації ацетальдегіду і формальдегіду в лужному середовищі, в яких утворюються пентаеритрит, дипентаеритрит, трипентаеритрит, метиловий ефір пентаеритриту, натрій 2,2-бис(гидроксиметил)-3-гидроксипропаноат і циклічні напівацеталі ацетальдегіду і 3-гидроксибутаналю, від ступеня перетворення ацетальдегіду в ці продукти в умовах: загальне молярне співвідношення ацетальдегіду, формальдегіду і натрій гідроксиду 1:3-10:1,2; початкова або приведена концентрація ацетальдегіду 0,26-1,5 моль/л,  температура 15-50 оС. Проведено порівняння розрахункових і експериментальних значень виходу продуктів. У реакторі періодичної дії і в реакторі витіснення безперервної дії вихід пентаеритриту можна підвищити практично тільки у тому випадку, коли використовується значний надлишок формальдегіду, а початкова концентрація ацетальдегіду не перевищує 0,6-0,7 моль/л.Вихід пентаеритриту в реакторі змішення залежить від тих же чинників, що і в реакторі періодичної дії, але за рівних умов завжди нижче  при ступені перетворення більше 0,75-0,80 за рахунок значного збільшення виходу дипентаеритриту. У напівперіодичному реакторі при однаковому молярному співвідношенні реагентів вихід пентаеритриту вищий, ніж в реакторі періодичної дії і в реакторі змішення безперервної дії,  а вихід дипентаеритриту і метилового ефіру пентаеритриту вищий, ніж в періодичному реакторі, але нижче, ніж в  реакторі змішення безперервної дії. Залежність вибірковості реакцій синтезу від ступеня перетворення в каскаді реакторів змішення з введенням ацетальдегіду в кожен реактор завжди займає проміжне положення між подібними залежностями для реактора змішення безперервної дії і напівперіодичного реактора,  зближуючись з  останньою по мірі збільшення числа реакторів змішення в каскаді. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані при виборі ефективних типу реактора і умов проведення синтезу пентаеритриту, а також способів і умов процесів виділення і очищення цільових продуктів
Perceptions of Decision-making in Accessing Reproductive Healthcare Services of Urban Women
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Tabassum Taniza , Rahman Md Shafiqur , Uddin Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ferdousi Shammi Sultana , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: February 2020

Introduction:  Women’s healthcare during the reproductive period of life, especially decisions involving her own health is generally one of the least concerns to the common people. Women’s autonomy in decision-making within the family is fairly debatable and determines the health service seeking behaviour.

Objective: To find out the perceptions about key persons involved in decision-making for accessing reproductive healthcare services as well as factors that influence those decisions among urban women of Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by key informant interviewing (KII) of 72 respondents about their perceptions of decision-making in women’s reproductive health services in Dhaka South City Corporation during the period of January 2019 to April 2019. Health professionals of various levels, administrators, family heads were selected as key informants by purposive sampling method. An open-ended semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection.

Result: Among the key informants, more than half were doctors (58.3%). The majority of the respondents were female (72%) and having educational qualification up to graduate level (40.3%). Majority of the informants (73.9%) mentioned ‘both parents’ as key persons in under 18 marriage of their daughters; 57.1% of respondents opined that ‘Factors like social environment, social status, uncertainty to find better groom, dowry etc.’ influences in decision-making. All of the respondents felt antenatal care ‘essential’ and about half of them (50.0%) mentioned the importance of complication detection and treatment during pregnancy. According to the respondents, ‘mother-in-law’ is the key person in women’s decision-making regarding antenatal care (65.3%) and ‘husband’ is the key person regarding selection of the place of delivery and postnatal care (79.2%, 72.2%) respectively. Half of the respondents (50%) expressed the family size determination in an urban area is done mutually by ‘both partners’ while the role of the ‘husband’ is still perceived important (41.7%). Majority expressed that economic condition of the family (63.9%) have an influence in determining family size by the respondents. According to more than half of the respondents (52.8%), both partners take part in decision-making regarding family planning.

Conclusion: Although the educated employed women enjoy some degree of autonomy in urban areas of Bangladesh, the decision-making in accessing woman’s reproductive healthcare services is directed by the husband. Involvement of both partners in decision-making is essential for better utilization of reproductive health services.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 15-20
Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children of Chattogram Hill Tracts
Authors: Zafreen Farzana , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Rahman Md Habibur , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is fundamental to the development of child’s full human potentials. Malnutrition is recognized as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the children under- five years and developing countries are the worst affected.

Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of under-five children of selected area of Chattogram hill tracts of Bangladesh.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children with age between 6 months to 5 years, reported to the outpatients department of selected hospitals were included purposively. All the data were collected by interviewing the mothers of the children by using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by using WHO recommended height for age Z-score (HAZ) for stunting, weight for age Z-score (WAZ) for underweight, height for weight Z-score (HWZ) for wasting and mid upper am circumference (MUAC) for overall nutritional status.

Results: Out of 300 children 53.3% were boys and 48.4% were aged less than 2 years. About 50.7% children were tribal and 49.3% were bengali. Majority (56.45%) of the children’s mothers’ age was below 25 years, 36.7% was illiterate, 92.7% were housewives and 85.6% had monthly family income less than 10,000 taka. Regarding children nutritional status 15.6% was moderate stunted, 30.7% was mild stunted; severe, moderate and mild underweight was 4.3%, 13.3% and 24.7% respectively. About 1.7% was found severe wasted and 15.3% was moderate wasted. By MUAC 20.3% were of moderate acute malnutrition and 3.3% were of severe acute malnutrition.

Conclusion: This study result revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in the study area. Considering the acute and long-term consequences of malnutrition special interventions program is needed to overcome the situation.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 21-23
Prevalence of Brucellosis in Humans and Cattle in Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Md Abu Sayeed , Rahman Md Fashiur , Begum Morsheda , Sayeed Sayaema Binte , Rahman Md Ataur , MD Aktaruzzaman - , Rahman Md Siddiqur
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Brucellosis is a recognized public health problem and one of the major causes of morbidity both in humans and animals. It causes abortion and infertility in women and livestock as well.

Objective: The research was carried out to know the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of brucellosis in humans and cattle in study areas in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: The study areas were all Upazilas of Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Rangpur, Kurigram, Bagerhat and Gaibandha district and the Government owned Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF) in Savar, Dhaka for cattle and human samples were collected from Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total livestock samples collected were 1043 and human samples were 460. Besides doing all the tests in Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital laboratory Bangladesh, it was done also in Office International des Epizooties (OIE) world reference Laboratory in Jena, Germany.

Results: Out of 1043, 28 milk samples (2.68 %) and 23 serum samples (2.21 %) were positive by MRT and RBT respectively. The highest prevalence was 3.05% in the Holstein Friesian cross using MRT, while 2.49% in the Holstein Friesian cows using RBT. Age-wise prevalence of brucellosis by MRT and RBT were 2.06% and 1.23% respectively in 1-4 years age group. On the other hand prevalence of brucellosis based on MRT and RBT were significantly higher (2.88% and 2.50%) in > 5 years age group (p≤0.01) than those of other age groups. Based on parity, significantly higher prevalence 3.07% and 2.58% of MRT and RBT were obtained respectively in parity 3-5 in comparison to other parity group (p≤0.01).In case of human brucellosis 460 blood samples were tested with RBT, SAT, CFT, iELISA, conventional PCR and real time PCR but were negative in all tests. In case of livestock and human brucellosis bacteria were cultured in OIE Reference Laboratory, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, but bacteria were not isolated.

Conclusion: The prevalence of brucellosis is asserted in human and cattle in this study although MRT is 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis. Whereas no human samples were found positive for brucellosis in this study.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 33-36
Antioxidatant Effect of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Hyperlipidemic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tonu Samia Haque , Dewan Jasmine Fauzia , Akhter Nargis , Haque Md Enamul , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk for the development of atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular complications. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are two widely used important members of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statins). The beneficial effects of statins on clinical events also involve lipid-independent mechanisms which include improvement of oxidative stress status.

Objective: To compare the antioxidative effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized single-center analytic study was carried out in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from March 2016 to August 2017 on 52 hyperlipidemic patients. After randomization patients were assigned to atorvastatin 10 mg or rosuvastatin 5 mg daily for 8 weeks. Blood was collected at baseline and after the intervention to measure plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) (as biomarkers of oxidative stress) and serum lipid profile.

Results: The baseline characteristics of patients treated with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were almost identical. The level of plasma MDA in atorvastatin (1.35 ± 0.94 to 0.97± 0.64) and rosuvastatin (1.56±0.69 to 0.98±0.38) group was significantly reduced after intervention (28.15%, p<0.05 and 37.18%, p<0.001 respectively) but no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the two statin-treated groups. Erythrocyte GSH level was increased after intervention in both atorvastatin (2.43±2.90 to 4.14 ± 4.87) group (70.37%, p<0.01) and rosuvastatin (2.76±3.80 to 8.36±12.93)  group (202.90%, p<0.01), which was statistically significant. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p>0.05). Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin significantly improved serum lipid profile.

Conclusion: Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin significantly improved oxidative stress status in hyperlipidemic patients but no significant change was observed between the two statin-treated groups.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 54-58
Breastfeeding and Weaning Practices among Selected Rural Mothers of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Latifa , Tarek Monwar , Zafreen Farzana
Published: February 2020

Introduction: As a global public health recommendation, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health. Thereafter, to meet their evolving nutritional requirements, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods after 6 months of their age while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond.

Objective: To find out the pattern of breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeding and complementary feeding practices among the mothers of 06 months to 3 years old children in a selected rural area.

Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 rural mothers from selected villages of Manikganj and Dhaka district from October to December 2016. Data were collected through face-to-face interview with a preformed semi-structured questionnaire.

Result: Among 390 mother only 44.8% started breastfeeding within an hour of child birth. Pre-lacteal feeding practice was very high (70.4%) and 36.7% mother fed their baby with infant formula. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was variable; about 49.7 % of children were exclusively breastfed for 5-6 months. Among the variety of foods, most common complementary foods include suji (20.1%), homemade hotchpotch (17.5%), natural cow’s milk (16.3%) and infant formula (16.1%).

Conclusion: This study data suggest that delayed initiation of breastfeeding rate is high along with pre-lacteal feeding. An intensive program is needed create awareness among the rural mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and proper weaning.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 62-65
Challenge for macrophages and mast cells of Chelon ramada to counter an intestinal microparasite, Myxobolus mugchelo (Myxozoa)
Authors: Dezfuli BS , Castaldelli G , Tomaini R , Manera M , DePasquale JA , Bosi G
Published: February 2020

Thinlip mullet Chelon ramada is the most abundant mullet species found in the Comacchio lagoons (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy). Histological and ultrastructural sections of the intestine of C. ramada showed that over 83% of 48 mullets were infected with the intestinal parasite Myxobolus mugchelo (Myxozoa). In histological sections, plasmodia of M. mugchelo containing mature spores were situated closer to mucosal folds and were surrounded by numerous mast cells (MCs). Mature spores, generally oval in shape, were observed in the paracellular space among the enterocytes or within them. Near the infected epithelial cells, several MCs, rodlet cells and few neutrophils occurred. In intestinal epithelium, large cells resembling macrophages, some with spores of M. mugchelo inside, were observed. These macrophage-like cells were foamy and possessed elongate striated granules. The number of MCs and macrophages in the intestinal epithelium was significantly higher in parasitized fish. In some parasitized intestines, portions of epithelium were displaced by spores, or the spores were observed inside the damaged enterocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of C. ramada infected or uninfected intestinal tissue revealed the presence of histamine, serotonin (5-HT), leu-enkephalin and inducible-nitric oxide synthase in epithelial macrophages. Several epithelial cells positive to proliferating cell-nuclear antigen were also observed in the proximity of the macrophages. The current study is the first to record the occurrence of intraepithelial macrophages which engulf myxozoan spores. A hypothesis on migration of spores from pancreas via intestinal wall to gut lumen is presented.
Central and Peripheral Response to Incremental Cycling Exercise in Older Untrained Active Men: A Comparison of Those In-Between
Authors: O’NEILL C. D. , KIMMERLY D. S. , DOGRA S.
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the central and peripheral components of cardiorespiratory fitness during incremental to maximal exercise between older men who were either recreational athletes (RA) or leisurely active (LA) men, i.e., those who fall between trained and untrained. This was a cross-sectional study in which all subjects completed an exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and ventilatory threshold (VT) were assessed using gas analysis, and central components of VO2max were assessed using a non-invasive thoracic bio-impedance device. VO2max (RA: 45.1±4.8 ml/kg/min; LA: 32.2±4.6 ml/kg/min, p≤0.001) and SV at maximal exercise (RA: 133.5±24.96 ml/beat; LA: 107.9±17.6 ml/beat, p=0.005) were higher in the RA group compared to the LA group. A plateau in SV occurred between 30-45 % of maximal exercise capacity in the RA group. No differences in SV were observed across workloads in the LA group. No differences in the calculated arterio-venous oxygen difference ((a-v)O2diff) were observed between groups. In conclusions, training volume appears to influence central components of cardiorespiratory fitness among a matched sample of older men who are neither trained nor untrained. This builds a case for increasing the volume of training to preserve cardiorespiratory fitness among older men.
PENGARUH COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS LAPORAN PERCOBAAN SISWA KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 24 PALEMBANG
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati , Sari'ah Sari'ah
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of collaborative learning models on students ability to write text of experimental report. The method used in this study is an experimental method through pretest and posttest. The population of this research was class IX students of SMP Negeri 24 Palembang, which totaled 147 students. The sample of this research was class IX students with 32 students. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used t-test. The results of this study can be concluded that the Collaborative Learning model take effect to the ability to write text of experimental report is significant, because it is proven t-score is greater than t-table at a significant level of 5% with db (free degrees) t-score (12,711) > t-table (1,696). So, the hypothesis put forward is proven true.
PENENTUAN RUTE TERPENDEK MENUJU PUSAT PERBELANJAAN DI JAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA DIJKSTRA
Authors: Setiawan Jodi , S. Prakoso Rezy , Suryaningrum Kristien Margi
Published: February 2020

Abstract : Shopping centers are easy to find in big cities like Jakarta and because there are too many times people are often confused which one to go to, not to mention if people from outside Jakarta come and want to visit a shopping center. The problem to choose a shopping center that encourages researchers to conduct a study to develop applications to find the nearest shopping center using the Dijkstra algorithm that can be used on smartphones in order to make it easier to find and find shopping centers around users. The application was designed using flowchart and UML and was made using Android Studio with the help of the Google Maps API to display maps, display pins, find and display the nearest route using latitude and longitude from Google Maps. Algorithm to calculate and determine the route that must be traversed using the Dijkstra algorithm. The accuracy of the calculation results using the Dijkstra algorithm reaches 93%
IMPLEMENTASI ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) DALAM PEMILIHAN E-WALLET UNTUK MAHASISWA
Authors: Utami Meinarini Catur
Published: February 2020

Abstract:  An electronic wallet is an electronic service to store the data of the payment instrument, such as a payment instrument using the card and/or electronic money, which can also accommodate the funds, to make the payment. The number of similar applications of electronic wallets available in Indonesia leads to confusion of which applications offer many advantages, easy to use and guaranteed transaction security. By using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to conduct research on three popular electronic wallet applications in Indonesia, especially among students, Dana, Go-Pay, and LinkAja. These three electronic wallet applications compare based on pre-defined criteria and sub criteria to be decided by the AHP calculation where Go-Pay is the best E-wallet Application for students to use
The Influence of Group and Individual Physiotherapy on Balance of Children with Impaired Language and Communication
Authors: Kuznecova Olga , Šakalienė Rasa
Published: February 2020

Communication disorder is a relatively constant deviation from the agreed standards of speech, language and communication. It is observed that communication disorders such as alalia, dysarthria, often go with disorders of gross and small motor functions, movements which lack of rhythm, impaired balance. The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of group and individual physiotherapy on balance for children with impaired language and communication. The study included 75 children aged 3–6 years. The target was divided into two groups: the exploratory group consisted of children who had impaired language and communication and the disorder is not due to other disorders; the control group consisted of children of the same age whose development was normal and they did not have language or other problems. The tested group children were divided into two groups at random: the first and the second. The first group underwent individual physiotherapy, while the second one participated in group physiotherapy. Procedures of physiotherapy lasted for 2 months, 2 times per week. Their duration was 30 minutes. The physiotherapy program consisted of various balance exercises standing or moving, using smaller base of support or soft balance platforms. Various games were also used during the group physiotherapy sessions. Conclusions. Balance of the three–six year old children with language and communication disorders was significantly worse than that of their healthy peers. Children balance depends on the degree of language impairment: children with an average degree of undeveloped language disorder demonstrated balance significantly better than that of children with significant language undevelopment. Balance of pre-school children with language and communication disorders statistically significantly improved in both individual and group physiotherapy procedures. Balance of children with language and communication disorders who had individual therapy improved a little more than those in the group therapy but the difference was not statistically significant.Keyword: language and communication disorders, physical therapy, postural control.
The presence of bristlemouth, Gonostoma denudatum (Rafinesque 1810), from the coast of Northern Cyprus (Northeastern Mediterranean)
Authors: AKBORA Hasan Deniz , AYAS Deniz , SOYDEMİR ÇİFTÇİ Nuray
Published: February 2020

Gonostoma denudatum belonging to Gonostomatidae family are small fishes living in deep-sea around Atlantic and Mediterranean. They are vital species for plastic accumulation because they can be available in all depths of the water column during the day. In this study, it was aimed to present the recent record of G. denudatum, which captured from North Cyprus in May 2018. The total length of the specimen, which obtained from a depth of between 420 and 640 m, is 12.8 cm. Its photograph was taken and the catalogue number (MEUFC-19-11-108) was given. Morphometric characteristics were measured and calculated. The specimen is stored in the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University.
Potencialidades turísticas e aspectos socioambientais em duas comunidades autoidentificadas indígenas no Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Martins Jacqueline Cunha de Vasconcelos , Silva Tayse Michelle Campos da , Oliveira Alan Martins de , Silva Edson Vicente da , Oliveira Ingride Pamilly Ribeiro Araujo de
Published: February 2020

O processo de invasão e colonização do Brasil ocasionou aos povos nativos perda de numerosa população, de grande parte da diversidade cultural e de extensos territórios. Especialmente no Nordeste, onde iniciou esse processo, tais fatores contribuíram para as mudanças socioculturais das populações indígenas, hoje chamadas de “miscigenadas”. Todavia, com a autoidentificação no Censo de 2010, é crescente o número de comunidades que tem integrado o movimento indígena por reconhecimento e direitos. O desenvolvimento de projetos de etnoturismo pode contribuir para o fortalecimento e maior visibilidade desses agrupamentos sociais, além ser uma fonte sustentável de geração de renda. No entanto, a literatura aponta limitações desse tipo de intervenção. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar as potencialidades turísticas em territórios de duas comunidades autoidentificadas indígenas no Rio Grande do Norte. É uma pesquisa com enfoque qualitativo que constou de três etapas: visitas às comunidades; observações in loco e registro fotográfico; entrevistas semiestruturadas com lideranças locais. Na Comunidade Mendonça do Amarelão em João Câmara-RN, com cerca de 1.100 pessoas, as atrações etnoturísticas incluem trilha ecológica em lugares como a “pedra das letras” com pinturas rupestres e o ensino do tupi na escola local; além de rituais como a dança do Toré. A Comunidade Caboclos do Assu, no município de Assu-RN, por sua vez, tem em torno de 100 pessoas e as possibilidades em destaque são o açude do riacho, a vegetação nativa e, principalmente, a riqueza nas vidas das pessoas do lugar. Em relação ao potencial para receber grupos, na primeira citada há maior capacidade de infraestrutura e, embora tenham experiência com grupos numerosos, não têm com turistas. Assim, especialmente em Caboclos do Assu requer maior aprofundamento de estudo na perspectiva do turismo sustentável, sendo necessário empenho do poder público e parcerias com organizações não governamentais.
Diferentes olhares do Turismo de Base Comunitária da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Amazônia
Authors: Bastos Soares Jônatas , Eustáquio Fonseca Filho Ricardo
Published: February 2020

As Reservas Extrativistas têm como proteção básica a sociobiodiversidade. Uma das alternativas de uso público sustentável se dá pelo turismo, que está sujeito a gerar impactos negativos. Assim, o presente trabalho aborda os diferentes olhares do Turismo de Base Comunitária (TBC) na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure (RESEXMS). A pesquisa de cunho exploratório e estudo de caso se deu por meio de revisão bibliográfica, elaboração de instrumento de coleta de dados (questionários estruturados qualitativos) e 16 entrevistas a 11 representantes do conselho deliberativo (poder público, setor privado e sociedade civil organizada) e turistas. Complementarmente houve observação participante por meio de estágio voluntário na unidade de conservação. Como resultados observou-se que o TBC é um importante transformador socioeconômico, cultural e ambiental, no entanto sendo necessário uma maior articulação dele enquanto participação ativa dos atores sociais, para maior efetividade de gestão da área protegida.
Bangunan Sabodam, Fungsi dan Potensinya sebagai Bagian dari Geowisata Gunung Api Merapi
Authors: Munir Moh. Dedi
Published: February 2020

Indonesia yang terletak pada pertemuan lempeng dan daerah khatulistiwa sehingga menyebabkan daerah ini rentan terhadap terjadinya bencana alam seperti letusan gunungapi, gempa bumi, longsor, banjir lahar dsb. Salah satubencana yang sering terjadi adalah letusan gunungapi. Kejadian ini memiliki dampak terhadap lingkungan maupun masyarakat yang dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu dampak primer (letusan, awan panas, lava, dsb) dan dampak sekunder (bencana banjir lahar). Banjir lahar merupakan kejadian yang dijadikan fokus karena peristiwa ini terjadi dalam rentang waktu yang cukup lama yaitu dari letusan sampai dengan beberapa waktu tertentu setelah gunung tersebut meletus. Bangunan sabo dam merupakan struktur yang berfungsi sebagai bangunan penangkap sedimen debris ataulahar yang biasa ditempatkan pada sungai di gunungapi. Bangunan ini bermanfaat dalam mengendalikan lahar atau debris terutama yang terjadi disebabkan oleh hujan yang lebat. Keberadaan bangunan sabo tidak hanya berfungsi untuk mengendalikan bencana lahar tetapi juga dapat dijadikan pembelajaran ataupun studi serta masuk dalam bidang pariwisata. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan fungsi bangunan sabo dan mempelajari nilai bangunannya serta mengeksplorasi lingkungannya sebagai objek yang merupakan pendukung dari geowisata Gunung Merapi di Yogyakarta. Dari penelitian ini diketahui terdapat potensi yang cukup baik dari bangunan sabo sebagai pendukung dari wisata Gunung Merapi. Potensi pariwisata yang timbul tidak hanya menjadi sebuah sarana rekreasi tetapi dapat dijadikan pembelajaran bagi masyarakat terhadap bencana baik bencana letusan maupun banjir lahar.Kata kunci: Geowisata, Gunung Merapi, Lahar, Sabo dam
Analisis Hasil Pengukuran Terrestrial Laser Scanner untuk Deteksi Rekahan dalam kaitannya dengan Analisis Struktur Geologi (Studi Kasus: Tebing Citatah 125, Jawa Barat)
Authors: Kartini Gusti Ayu Jessy , Gumilar Irwan , Brahmantyo Budi , Bramanto Brian , Haerani Nia
Published: February 2020

Scanline adalah salah satu metode yang umum digunakan untuk mengobservasi dan mengukur rekahan pada suatu bidang permukaan, namun metode ini memiliki beberapa keterbatasan. Salah satunya adalah sulitnya melakukan sampling pada area ekstrim sehingga dapat membahayakan operator. Mengacu pada keterbatasan tersebut, terrestrial laser scanner menjadi salah satu metode yang potensial untuk menutupi keterbatasan tersebut. TLS dapat merekam jutaan point cloud yang dapat merepresentasikan permukaan tanpa harus mengukurnya secara langsung, yang kemudian dapat menjadi metode pendukung dalam akuisisi data rekahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi rekahan menggunakan TLS yang kemudian dibandingkan dan divalidasi dengan metode scanline (studi kasus: Tebing Citatah 125, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Provinsi Jawa Barat). Penelitian ini dimulai dengan akuisisi data rekahan dengan menggunakan metode scanline dan TLS yang hasilnya kemudian dianalisis dengan diagram rose. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa TLS memiliki potensi sebagai metode pendukung untuk akuisisi data rekahan. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan kemiripan hasil orientasi rekahan pada Tebing Citatah 125 menggunakan TLS terhadap hasil metode scanline pada orientasi rekahan arah timur laut-barat daya dengan kemiringan relatif tegak 30o-90o.