bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superexploração do trabalho: uma interpretação empírica
Authors: Calmon de Siqueira Leonardo
Published: April 2023

Partindo de conceitos marxianos de força de trabalho e do valor desta, este artigo se propõe examinar empiricamente as condições de trabalho de duas categorias laborais em franco crescimento no Brasil – teleatendentes em call centers e entregadores de encomendas mediada por aplicativos – na perspectiva teórica da superexploração do trabalho, contribuindo para as discussões acerca dessa categoria de análise. Para isso, de forma introdutória, expõe e analisa o conceito da superexploração nas suas características gerais, destacando categorias basilares marxianas e da Teoria Marxista da Dependência. Os dados utilizados foram coletados de outras produções científicas, bem como de registros primários estatísticos realizados por projeto de pesquisa e extensão universitária. Como resultado, os indicadores que mostram contornos das condições de reprodução da força de trabalho utilizada nas referidas atividades sugerem novos pontos de vista sobre os efeitos do desenvolvimento dependente brasileiro sobre a classe trabalhadora.
gig economy como vetor da mercadorização: conceitos e evidências da realidade espanhola
Authors: Lins Vinícius
Published: April 2023

As plataformas digitais progressivamente consolidam-se como agentes na organização do trabalho, notadamente a variação denominada gig economy. Mostra-se como esse conceito descreve um universo heterogêneo cujas subdivisões apresentam significativas distinções em relação à forma e ao conteúdo do trabalho. O contexto econômico em que surgem essas plataformas é marcado por sua estreita relação com os desenvolvimentos mais recentes nas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, ampla disponibilidade de financiamento e farto contingente de pessoas sujeitas a trabalhar via arranjos flexíveis de trabalho. Estruturam-se em diferentes tipos de assimetria que desembocam em um trabalho cada vez mais pautado unicamente pelos princípios de mercado. As evidências indicam como isso se traduz em um controle mais eficiente sobre o processo de trabalho, do ponto de vista da empresa, bem como acarretam implicações na instabilidade das condições de trabalho, pela ótica do trabalhador.
Estimated Use of Prescription Medications Among Individuals Incarcerated in Jails and State Prisons in the US
Authors: Curran Jill , Saloner Brendan , Winkelman Tyler N.A. , Alexander G. Caleb
Published: April 2023

Importance

Although incarcerated individuals experience higher rates of chronic conditions, little is known regarding the use of prescription medications in jails and prisons in the US.

Objective

To characterize treatment with prescription medications in jails and state prisons relative to noncorrectional settings in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional analysis using 2018 to 2020 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimated the prevalence of disease among recently incarcerated and nonincarcerated adults in the US. The study used 2018 to 2020 IQVIA’s National Sales Perspective (NSP) to quantify the distribution of medications to incarcerated and nonincarcerated populations. The NSP provides national dollar and unit sales of prescription medications across multiple distribution channels, including prisons and jails. The study population included incarcerated and nonincarcerated individuals from NSDUH. Seven common chronic conditions were assessed. Data were analyzed in May 2022.

Exposures

Medications being sent to correctional facilities vs all other settings in the US.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were distribution of medications to treat diabetes, asthma, hypertension, hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), depression, and severe mental illness to incarcerated and nonincarcerated populations.

Results

The proportion of pharmaceuticals distributed to jails and state prisons to treat type 2 diabetes (0.15%), asthma (0.15%), hypertension (0.18%), hepatitis B or C (1.68%), HIV (0.73%), depression (0.36%), and severe mental illness (0.48%) was much lower compared with the relative burden of disease among this population. The incarcerated population in state prisons and jails accounted for 0.44% (95% CI, 0.34%-0.56%) of estimated individuals with diabetes, 0.85% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.06%) of individuals with asthma, 0.42% (95% CI, 0.35%-0.51%) of hypertension, 3.13% (95% CI, 2.53%-3.84%) of hepatitis B or C, 2.20% (95% CI, 1.51%-3.19%) of HIV, 1.46% (95% CI, 1.33%-1.59%) of depression, and 1.97% (95% CI, 1.81%-2.14%) of severe mental illness. After adjusting for disease prevalence, the relative disparity was 2.9-fold for diabetes, 5.5-fold for asthma, 2.4-fold for hypertension, 1.9-fold for hepatitis B or C, 3.0-fold for HIV, 4.1-fold for depression, and 4.1-fold for severe mental illness.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional, descriptive study of the distribution of prescription medications for chronic conditions in jails and state prisons, the findings suggest that there may be underuse of pharmacological treatment in correctional facilities relative to the nonincarcerated population. These findings, which require further investigation, may reflect inadequate care in jails and prisons and represent a critical public health issue.
Uptake of Maintenance Immunotherapy and Changes in Upstream Treatment Selection Among Patients With Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Mamtani Ronac , Zhang Hanxi , Parikh Ravi B. , Patel Khilna , Li Haojie , Imai Kentaro , Hubbard Rebecca A.
Published: April 2023

This cohort study compares the proportion of patients with urothelual cancer who initiated first-line chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors during the periods before and after avelumab approval.
Effects of Fe/Ni Ratio on Microstructure and Properties of FeNiCrAlNb High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Li Yunfei , Fu Huameng , Zhu Zhengwang , Zhang Long , Li Zhengkun , Li Hong , Zhang Haifeng
Published: April 2023

Herein, the effects of Fe/Ni ratio on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution of FexNi65−xCr20Al10Nb5 are investigated systematically. It is found that the phases shifted from the FCC‐dominated to the BCC‐dominated with the molar ratio of the Fe/Ni increased. The strength of FexNi65−xCr20Al10Nb5 increases with the molar ratio of Fe/Ni further increased, while the plasticity decreases. The yield strength reaches 1,653 MPa at x = 45. The alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance when x = 35 which is attributed to the dominant FCC phases in the dendritic region.
Microstructure and Properties of As‐Cast Mg–2.0Sn–1.0Zn–1.0Y–0.3Zr Alloys at Different Extrusion Ratios
Authors: Gong Yuan , He Junguang , Wen Jiuba , Feng Wuyun , Zheng Xiangyang , Li Huan
Published: April 2023

Herein, the effect of hot extrusion with different extrusion ratios (λ = 6, 8, 10, and 12) on the microstructure evolution and properties of as‐cast Mg–2.0Sn–1.0Zn–1.0Y–0.3Zr magnesium alloys, using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immersion corrosion and electrochemical corrosion experiment, and tensile testing, is investigated. The results show that the Mg14SnY and Mg6SnY precipitated phases exist in the alloy before and after extrusion. After hot extrusion, the second phase of the alloy is broken into particles along the extrusion direction, whereas the grain size is significantly reduced, and dynamic recrystallization and deformed grains exist in the microstructure. The mechanical properties of the extruded alloy improve, but the corrosion resistance weakens. When the extrusion ratio is λ = 10, the extruded alloy exhibits relatively good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The corrosion behaviors of the extruded alloys are affected by both the grain size and galvanic corrosion. In the initial stage of corrosion, intergranular corrosion plays a major role in reducing the corrosion resistance of the extruded alloys. With prolonged corrosion time, galvanic corrosion has a more significant effect on weakening the corrosion resistance of the extruded alloys.
Compressive Strength and Reliability Model of Lattice Structure Based on Continuous Failure System
Authors: Tao Yuan , Yao Weixing , Sun Liao , Wang Xiaoyang , Lin Hanyu
Published: April 2023

Herein, the compressive strength and reliability of a prime cubic (PC) lattice structure are studied. The PC lattice structure is treated as a 3D consecutive k‐out‐of‐n(F) system to study the compressive strength and the reliability of lattice structures. To do this, a reliability analysis model for compressive strength is proposed to predict the strength and dispersion of the whole structure based on the strength and dispersion of PC unit cells. Compressive strength tests on four kinds of PC lattice structures printed by selective laser melting (SLM) process have been accomplished and analyzed. The main failure modes of PC lattice structures have been analyzed afterward to simplify the strength model. Specifically, the unit cell compressive strength of lattice structures can be calculated by the finite element method (FEM) and can use this to calculate the compressive strength of the whole lattice structure. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which shows the rationality of the model. The results indicate that as the diameter of the strut increases, the strength dispersion of the lattice structure also increases. This model offers an approach for studying the reliability of lattice structures.
High‐Resolution Patterning of Organic–Inorganic Photoresins for Tungsten and Tungsten Carbide Microstructures
Authors: Luitz Manuel , Pellegrini Diana , von Holst Miriam , Seteiz Khaled , Gröner Lukas , Schleyer Mario , Daub Michael , Warmbold Andreas , Thomann Yi , Thomann Ralf , Kotz-Helmer Frederik , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: April 2023

Tungsten is an important material for high‐temperature applications due to its high chemical and thermal stability. Its carbide, that is, tungsten carbide, is used in tool manufacturing because of its outstanding hardness and as a catalyst scaffold due to its morphology and large surface area. However, microstructuring, especially high‐resolution 3D microstructuring of both materials, is a complex and challenging process which suffers from slow speeds and requires expensive specialized equipment. Traditional subtractive machining methods, for example, milling, are often not feasible because of the hardness and brittleness of the materials. Commonly, tungsten and tungsten carbide are manufactured by powder metallurgy. However, these methods are very limited in the complexity and resolution of the produced components. Herein, tungsten ion‐containing organic–inorganic photoresins, which are patterned by two‐photon lithography (TPL) at micrometer resolution, are introduced. The printed structures are converted to tungsten or tungsten carbide by thermal debinding and reduction of the precursor or carbothermal reduction reaction, respectively. Using TPL, complex 3D tungsten and tungsten carbide structures are prepared with a resolution down to 2 and 7 μm, respectively. This new pathway of structuring tungsten and its carbide facilitates a broad range of applications from micromachining to metamaterials and catalysis.
A Boron‐Containing Ammonium Polyphosphate for Epoxy Resins with Enhanced Flame Retardancy and Reduced Smoke Release
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Hua Yifang , Sun Jun , Wang Xianming , Gu Xiaoyu , Zhang Sheng
Published: April 2023

Epoxy resin (EP) has been widely used in coatings, adhesives, and composites. However, EP is flammable with severe smoke production. The addition of flame retardant fillers into EP can effectively improve its flame retardancy, but often brings mechanical reduction to EP. Herein, a high‐effective boron‐containing flame‐retardant (2‐phenyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐4‐yl) methanamine ammonium polyphosphate (PBMA‐APP) is synthesized and introduced into EP to improve the fire resistance and the impact toughness. With the addition of 6% PBMA‐APP, the fire performance of EP is significantly improved. The Underwriters Laboratories‐94 rating is increased to V‐0, the total heat release and total smoke production (TSP) are reduced by 30% and 32%, respectively. It is proposed that the synergistic effect among B, N, and P in PBMA‐APP promoted the char formation of EP. The addition of 6% PBMA‐APP into EP causes little effect on tensile strength but increases the impact strength of EP to 11.2 kJ m−2. This work has proposed a possible strategy to develop a high‐efficient flame retardant for thermosetting resins.
Impact of Ti and Zn Dual‐Substitution in P2 Type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 on Ni–Mn and Na‐Vacancy Ordering and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Kubota Kei , Asari Takuya , Komaba Shinichi
Published: April 2023

High‐entropy layered oxide materials containing various metals that exhibit smooth voltage curves and excellent electrochemical performances have attracted attention in the development of positive electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, a smooth voltage curve can be obtained by suppression of the Na+‐vacancy ordering, and therefore, transition metal slabs do not need to be more multi‐element than necessary. Here, the Na+‐vacancy ordering is found to be disturbed by dual substitution of TiIV for MnIV and ZnII for NiII in P2‐Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2. Dual‐substituted Na2/3[Ni1/4Mn1/2Ti1/6Zn1/12]O2 demonstrates almost non‐step voltage curves with a reversible capacity of 114 mAh g−1 and less structural changes with a high crystalline structure maintained during charging and discharging. Synchrotron X‐ray, neutron, and electron diffraction measurements reveal that dual‐substitution with TiIV and ZnII uniquely promotes in‐plane NiII–MnIV ordering, which is quite different from the disordered mixing in conventional multiple metal substitution.
Soft Hydrogel Shapeability via Supportive Bath Matching in Embedded 3D Printing
Authors: Lei Iek Man , Zhang Duo , Gu Wenxi , Liu Ji , Zi Yunlong , Huang Yan Yan Shery
Published: April 2023

Embedded 3D printing is widely adapted for fabricating architected soft and non‐self‐supporting hydrogels for applications ranging from tissue engineering to soft robotics. Although the matching between hydrogels and supportive baths sets the foundation in embedded 3D printing, the rule‐of‐thumb for supportive bath selection and creation is not yet established. Herein, the “shapeability” of distinct classes of hydrogel inks (i.e., pH‐responsive, photo‐crosslinkable, thermal‐sensitive, chemically crosslinkable monomeric, and cationic and anionic inks) in diverse representative support baths (i.e., gelatin slurry, agarose fluid gel, Carbopol and oil‐based baths) is evaluated. The results show that the dominate mechanisms for interfacial instabilities, including diffusion‐driven or charge‐driven, can be predicted by evaluating the composition pairing of the pre‐crosslinked hydrogel ink and supportive bath. Based on this, a general and simplistic guideline for supportive bath selection to attain hydrogel shapeability is proposed. The approach can widen the spectrum of hydrogel materials that can be structured on‐demand for a plethora of functionalities.
Synthesis of N‐Aryl Isoxazolidines by Photo‐Promoted N‐Selective Arylation of Oximes and Cyclization Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Copper Catalyst
Authors: Tanaka Kosaku , Yoshida Mayumi , Yamamoto Ayaka , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu
Published: April 2023

Oximes cause photo‐promoted, copper‐catalyzed N‐selective arylation with diaryl iodonium salts to produce nitrones, which in turn undergo intra‐ or intermolecular 1,3‐dipolar cyclization with olefins to afford N‐aryl isoxazolidines. Hypervalent iodine reagents substituted with either electron‐rich or electron‐deficient groups afford the corresponding N‐aryl isoxazolidines in 26–95% yields. This method offers a faster reaction rate, lower catalyst loading and broader substrate scope of oxime than similar nitrone syntheses employing Chan‐Lam‐Evans coupling. The reaction involves via a radical/single electron transfer (SET) pathway, and does not proceed in the absence of photoirradiation.

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Impact of Postprocessing Approaches and Interface Cocatalysts Regulation on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Protonic Titanate Derived TiO2 Nanostructures
Authors: Cheng Gang , Li Shuo , Wang Chunyan , Xiong Jinyan
Published: April 2023

TiO2–based photocatalysis system for splitting water into hydrogen offers a sustainable and green technology to produce clean hydrogen energy. However, pristine TiO2 still exists inherent shortcomings restricting its practical applications. Herein, the impact of postprocessing approaches of protonic titanate on engineering of oxygen vacancy and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of TiO2−x is studied. Subsequently, interfacial cocatalysts are successfully involved in the optimized TiO2−x for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. TiO2−x with the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of 3112.09 μmol g−1 h−1, denoted as TiO2–C, is selected to adjust the interface with Cu and MoS2 respectively. Cu–TiO2–C and MoS2–TiO2–C composites are synthesized to enhance the separation ability of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and significantly improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of 5 wt% Cu–TiO2–C and 40 wt% MoS2–TiO2–C are 9225.75 and 5765.48 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. It is proved that different postprocessing methods can tune the content of oxygen vacancy in TiO2−x and regulate the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of TiO2−x materials. The interface regulation of the cocatalyst also contributes to the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and serves as active sites to enhance hydrogen evolution performance.
Improvement in Quality of Life after Septoplasty in Children: a Systematic Review
Authors: Kais Amani , Sinan Moaz , Crawford Anna , Rose Austin S. , Gudis David A. , Ramadan Hassan H. , Makary Chadi A.
Published: April 2023

Key points

Septoplasty for nasal obstruction in the pediatric population shows positive outcomes in objective and subjective post‐operative measurements.

Septoplasty in children results in disease‐related improvement in quality of life.

Higher level studies are needed to confirm these results.
Personal meaningfulness of potential FDA‐approved treatments: Perspectives of individuals living with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moreno Monica , Kline Chelsea R. , Lanigan Kerry , Kallmyer Beth , Clifford Kristen , Fazio Sam
Published: April 2023

With the emergence of new clinical trial data on disease‐modifying therapies in several. Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies, the Alzheimer's Association convened individuals living with AD to gain their perspective on meaningfulness and new treatments. A total of 30 Alzheimer's Association National Early Stage Advisory Group members participated in a focus group or an online survey to gain insights on what is wanted from a first‐in‐class treatment that could stop the progression of their disease at the earliest stage. Participants felt that researchers and regulators need to consider personal meaningfulness alongside clinical meaningfulness. At the same time, individuals living with AD felt that access, education, choice, and affordability were all important considerations moving forward.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐Tetrahydrocannabinoids**
Authors: Dorsch Caroline , Schneider Christoph
Published: April 2023

We report herein the catalytic asymmetric cyclization of 1‐aryl terpenols to afford enantiomerically highly enriched Δ9‐cis‐tetrahydrocannabinoid scaffolds in a single step. As powerful chiral catalysts strongly acidic imidodiphosphorimidates (IDPis) have been identified which furnish the products with good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. Upon MOM‐deprotection some naturally occurring cannabimimetica such as (−)‐cis‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol and (−)‐perrottetinene as well as some unnatural analogues were made accessible along a merely 3‐step biomimetic sequence (MOM=methoxymethyl).
Copper triazole complex supported on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as eco‐friendly nanocatalysts in solvent‐free Biginelli reaction
Authors: Mekki Sofiane , Laichi Yacine , Benourrad Farouk , Lagha Narimen , Chebout Redouane , Bachari Khaldoun , Saidi‐Besbes Salima
Published: April 2023

In this work, a new heterogeneous catalyst based on 1,2,3‐triazole complex of copper supported on core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was designed and characterized by using several methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The magnetic nanocatalyst was successfully employed for the synthesis of different functionalized 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/thiones by a one‐pot multicomponent condensation reaction under solvent‐free conditions. Among the advantages of the developed catalytic protocol are the high yields, short reaction times, ecofriendly, easy workup and purification conditions.
A comparison of wet‐extracted coconut oils prepared under hot and cold conditions
Authors: Anjali N. V. P. , Algama C. Harshani , Seneviratne Kaveesha P. , Seneviratne Chinthaka A. , Jayathilaka Nimanthi , Seneviratne Kapila N.
Published: April 2023

Virgin coconut oil was prepared by four wet extraction methods which included hot extraction by boiling coconut milk, and three cold extraction methods by centrifugation, fermentation, and chilling followed by thawing of coconut milk. The chemical characteristics related to both saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions of oils were evaluated. Quality parameters such as peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, acid value, and moisture content of the four oils remain within the acceptable range for edible purposes. Hot conditions incorporate a richer phenolic profile, a higher α‐tocopherol content, and a higher β‐carotene content in coconut oil. Epimerization and hydrolysis of the phenolic compounds occur depending on the extraction conditions. The longest shelf‐life of the coconut oil prepared under hot conditions may be due to the relatively lower contents of moisture, free acids, peroxides, and higher contents of phenolic compounds, α‐tocopherol, and β‐carotene in hot‐extracted coconut oil. Contrary to popular belief, hot and wet extraction conditions may produce higher quality coconut oil compared to cold extraction conditions.
Highly oxidative desulfurization of thiophenic model fuels and real gasoline by Keggin‐type heteropolyanion immobilized on polyaniline and chitosan as an efficient organic–inorganic nanohybrid catalyst
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Ardeshiri Hadi Hassani , Ghafuri Hossein , Hosseini Shima
Published: April 2023

To obtain clean gasoline, a new nanohybrid catalyst (TPA@PAN@CH) was synthesized by immobilizing tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) on the surface of polyaniline (PAN) and chitosan (CH) polymers. The features of the materials were detected by FT‐IR, UV/vis, XRD, FE‐SEM, and EDX methods. The XRD patterns demonstrate that the average crystallite size of the TPA@PAN@CH is estimated to be approximately 45 nm, which corresponds to the results of the FE‐SEM. The catalytic performance of the TPA@PAN@CH was tested in the nano‐catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Ncat‐ODS) of gasoline and model fuels by H2O2/AcOH (volume proportion of 2:1) oxidizing agent. The best desulfurization outcomes were achieved by 0.1 g of the TPA@PAN@CH as a nanocatalyst at 35°C under mild reaction conditions. Based upon the above findings, the sulfur content could be declined from 0.4986 to 0.0193 wt%, which corresponds to performance of 96%. Mercaptan concentration decreased from 98 to 4 ppm, and the removal efficiency of model fuels declined in the order of DBT ≥ BT > Th. The high catalytic activity of TPA@PAN@CH was maintained for five cycles without significantly diminishing its performance. This work suggested the potential application of the TPA@PAN@CH for eliminating of hazardous sulfur compounds that significantly affect the efficacy of the Ncat‐ODS.
Determinants of range sizes pinpoint vulnerability of groundwater species to climate change: A case study on subterranean amphipods from the Dinarides
Authors: Borko Špela , Premate Ester , Zagmajster Maja , Fišer Cene
Published: April 2023

Range size is one of the most important criteria for determining species conservation status. It is an outcome of multiple factors, including a species' ecological tolerance and propensity to disperse, availability and temporal stability of suitable habitat patches, and between‐patch connectivity. Understanding the determinants of range size could help identify the main threats, which may differ among species.

Subterranean species typically have smaller ranges than their surface counterparts. However, the determinants of their ranges are poorly known. The aim of this study was to test three potential determinants of species range size (habitat type, body size, and species age) using the species of the amphipod genus Niphargus. The study was performed within the Dinarides (south‐east Europe), a global subterranean hotspot.

The only significant determinant of range size was the habitat in which the species lived. The species with the smallest ranges inhabit fissure systems in the upper layers of the carbonate massifs with predominantly vertical water flow. The species with the largest ranges live in the deepest zone – the permanently flooded phreatic with lateral water flow. These results imply that differences in connectivity among habitats determine the range sizes of aquatic subterranean species.

The vertical gradient in habitat connectivity indicates the vulnerability of the species to climate change. Desertification and longer periods of drought will probably have a greater effect on fauna in fissures than in the phreatic zone. In addition, lowering the groundwater table might exacerbate the fragmentation of intermediate habitats, possibly enhancing local extinction.

The habitat ecology of subterranean species should be considered in International Union for Conservation of Nature assessments. Given that the most narrowly distributed aquatic subterranean species live in habitats subjected to climatic drying, the protection of subterranean fauna depends on the management of surface habitats such as forests.
Mean residual life cure models for right‐censored data with and without length‐biased sampling
Authors: Chen Chyong‐Mei , Chen Hsin‐Jen , Peng Yingwei
Published: April 2023

We propose a semiparametric mean residual life mixture cure model for right‐censored survival data with a cured fraction. The model employs the proportional mean residual life model to describe the effects of covariates on the mean residual time of uncured subjects and the logistic regression model to describe the effects of covariates on the cure rate. We develop estimating equations to estimate the proposed cure model for the right‐censored data with and without length‐biased sampling, the latter is often found in prevalent cohort studies. In particular, we propose two estimating equations to estimate the effects of covariates in the cure rate and a method to combine them to improve the estimation efficiency. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimates are established. The finite sample performance of the estimates is confirmed with simulations. The proposed estimation methods are applied to a clinical trial study on melanoma and a prevalent cohort study on early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A study of post‐traumatic stress disorder in schizophrenic patients 35 years after experiencing the Tangshan earthquake
Authors: Ma Wenyou , Lei Rong , Sun Yan , Liang Xiaoliang , Zhang Shun , Wang Changqi , Tang Ying , Wang Gang , Li Hebin , Yu Zhenjian
Published: April 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dissociative experiences, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychiatric symptoms exhibited by schizophrenic patients 35 years after the Tangshan earthquake.

Methods

Seventy‐one schizophrenic patients who had experienced the Tangshan earthquake were selected and evaluated by the Post‐traumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire (PDEQ), thPTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version (PCL‐C), and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS).

Results

The score of Group B (re‐experiencing symptoms) in PCL‐C was significantly positively correlated with age and significantly negatively correlated with the course of schizophrenia. Both gender and marriage were significantly positively correlated with the score of PCL‐C Group D (irritability symptoms caused by hyperarousal). The PDEQ score was negatively correlated with thecourse of schizophrenia and positively correlated with the presence of sleep difficulties. Significant differences were found between the PCL‐C scores of the positive and negative symptoms of the three core symptom groups; the positive rate of Group B was significantly higher than that of Group D, and the positive rate of Group C was significantly higher than that of Group D. The PCL‐C total score was positively correlated with the negative symptom factor score of PANSS; Group C's symptoms were significantly negativelycorrelated with the positive factor score of PNASS; andGroup D's‘ symptoms were significantly negatively correlated with the PANSS total score and the positive factor score.

Conclusion

When consiering patients with schizophrenia post the Tangshan earthquake, age, gender, and marital status were all positively correlated with PTSD. The course of schizophrenia was negatively associated with PTSD and dissociative experiences. PTSD was positively correlated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and negatively correlated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, the conditions and symptoms of PTSD may interact with those of schizophrenia.
Measuring the bandwagon effect: Development of a generalized bandwagon luxury motivation scale
Authors: Eastman Jacqueline Kilsheimer , Iyer Rajesh
Published: April 2023

This study presents a reliable, valid, and generalizable four‐item unidimensional scale that captures general bandwagon luxury motivation. After a thorough review of the bandwagon luxury literature, the authors developed an initial set of items which were then reviewed by academic experts. The scale was tested in a series of four studies to refine the scale and demonstrate its reliability and validity: Study 1 was conducted with a student sample in the Southeast, Study 2 with a student referral sample of adults in the Midwest, Study 3 with a national Qualtrics panel sample in the United States, and Study 4 with another national Qualtrics panel sample in the United States that included only those who had bought or consumed a luxury product in the past 12 months. Study 4 was done to corroborate the evidence from Study 3 with a sample of luxury consumers. The generalized bandwagon luxury motivation scale is positively related to status consumption motivation, congruity with one's internal self, a preference for visible luxury brands, and conspicuous consumption. It is negatively related to the inconspicuous luxury motivation of being unknown to the masses and independent self‐construal. This research contributes to the literature by developing a generalized scale to measure the luxury bandwagon effect that is not limited to one luxury product domain.
Right atrial and pulmonary cement embolization following vertebral laminectomy: An incidental finding
Authors: Borjian Solmaz , Borjian Mohammad Amin , Ayati Aryan , Zoroufian Arezou
Published: April 2023

Right heart cement embolization is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication of vertebroplasty surgeries. Transthoracic echocardiography is the first‐line imaging modality for detecting cement particles in cardiac chambers. Anticoagulation treatments or surgical interventions are necessary, depending on the patient's condition.
Hydatid cyst of the middle mediastinum complicated by fistulated ascending aorta: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mehri Ali , Esparham Ali , Tashnizi Mohammad Abbasi , Rezaei Reza
Published: April 2023

Clinicians must pay attention to the clinical presentation and consequences of hydatid cysts in rare sites. Cysts close to the aorta require planning and assistance of a cardiac or vascular surgeon before surgical intervention can be considered.
Occlusion of femoral artery using Foley catheter: A REBOA inspired tale to save a life
Authors: Papan Amir Mohammad , Husseinzade Mofid , Heydari Kamran , Hamidi Hossein
Published: April 2023

In this case report, we emphasized the need to control bleeding in emergency departments by any measure possible, as it is the first step toward successful resuscitation for saving the lives of patients with active bleeding.
Recurring desmoid tumor of the neck: A case report
Authors: Pribuišis Kipras , Vaidelys Lukas , Piluckis Julius , Padervinskis Evaldas , Vaitkus Saulius , Šarauskas Valdas
Published: April 2023

The infiltrative growth pattern of desmoid tumors and their proximity to important anatomical structures make them difficult to manage. Mutilating surgery should be avoided, while surveillance or radiotherapy remain valid options.
A Greener Pathway to Enantiopurity: Mechanochemical Deracemization through Abrasive Grinding
Authors: Lopes Chrystal , Cartigny Yohann , Brandel Clément , Dupray Valérie , Body Carole , Shemchuk Oleksii , Leyssens Tom
Published: April 2023

We report the first case of mechanochemical deracemization by using liquid‐assisted abrasive grinding. The target molecule is a precursor of Paclobutrazol, an important fungicide and plant growth inhibitor. Using mechanochemical deracemization, we are even able to transform a 10 % ee scalemic mixture of this latter in an enantioenriched product of 97 % ee in a couple of hours. This is substantially shorter compared to solution‐based deracemization methodologies. The present paper thus introduces an efficient and greener process to enantiopure material.
A Novel C Doped MoS2/CoP/MoO2 Ternary Heterostructure Nanoflower for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at Wide pH Range and Efficient Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Media
Authors: Wang Yan , Gao Shanshan , Jiang Yu , Song Xiaoming , Tang Guofeng , Zhang Xiangbin
Published: April 2023

The development of low‐cost and high‐efficiency bifunctional catalysts is still a challenge for hydrogen production through overall water splitting. This paper reports the in‐situ synthesis of C‐doped MoS2/CoP/MoO2 using bacterial cellulose (BC) as the reducing agent and the source of C and using BC (MoS2/Co1.2MoO4.2 ⋅ 1.2H2O/BC) as the template. Heterogeneous structure for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and alkaline water electrolysis in a wide pH range. Due to the large number of defect sites caused by C doping and the synergy between these three active components (MoS2, CoP and MoO2), the HER and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities of the catalyst have been greatly improved. Therefore, during HER, a small initial overpotential (27 mV) was achieved in 1.0 M KOH. In 0.5 M H2SO4, 0.1 M PBS and 1.0 M KOH, the current density reached 10 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 123.4, 150, and 139 mV, respectively. For OER, an overpotential of 268 mV was required to achieve 10 mA cm−2. The alkaline two‐electrode device composed of C doped MoS2/CoP/MoO2 delivers 10 mA cm−2 at a low potential of 1.51 V and can be easily driven by a single AA battery. This work provides a new design strategy of C doped ternary heterostructures for electrocatalysis and related energy applications.
Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies of C(13)‐Desmethylene‐(−)‐Zampanolide Analogs
Authors: Brütsch Tobias M. , Cotter Etienne , Lucena‐Agell Daniel , Redondo‐Horcajo Mariano , Davies Carolina , Pfeiffer Bernhard , Pagani Sandro , Berardozzi Simone , Fernando Díaz J. , Miller John H. , Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: April 2023

We describe the synthesis and biochemical and cellular profiling of five partially reduced or demethylated analogs of the marine macrolide (−)‐zampanolide (ZMP). These analogs were derived from 13‐desmethylene‐(−)‐zampanolide (DM‐ZMP), which is an equally potent cancer cell growth inhibitor as ZMP. Key steps in the synthesis of all compounds were the formation of the dioxabicyclo[15.3.1]heneicosane core by an intramolecular HWE reaction (67–95 % yield) and a stereoselective aza‐aldol reaction with an (S)‐BINOL‐derived sorbamide transfer complex, to establish the C(20) stereocenter (24–71 % yield). As the sole exception, for the 5‐desmethyl macrocycle, ring‐closure relied on macrolactonization; however, elaboration of the macrocyclization product into the corresponding zampanolide analog was unsuccessful. All modifications led to reduced cellular activity and lowered microtubule‐binding affinity compared to DM‐ZMP, albeit to a different extent. For compounds incorporating the reactive enone moiety of ZMP, IC50 values for cancer cell growth inhibition varied between 5 and 133 nM, compared to 1–12 nM for DM‐ZMP. Reduction of the enone double bond led to a several hundred‐fold loss in growth inhibition. The cellular potency of 2,3‐dihydro‐13‐desmethylene zampanolide, as the most potent analog identified, remained within a ninefold range of that of DM‐ZMP.
Organoiridium Complexes Enhance Cellular Defense Against Reactive Aldehydes Species
Authors: Jana Rahul D. , Ngo Anh H. , Bose Sohini , Do Loi H.
Published: April 2023

Although reactive aldehyde species (RASP) are associated with the pathogenesis of many major diseases, there are currently no clinically approved treatments for RASP overload. Conventional aldehyde detox agents are stoichiometric reactants that get consumed upon reacting with their biological targets, which limits their therapeutic efficiency. To achieve longer‐lasting detoxification effects, small‐molecule intracellular metal catalysts (SIMCats) were used to protect cells by converting RASP into non‐toxic alcohols. It was shown that SIMCats were significantly more effective in lowering cell death from the treatment with 4‐hydroxynon‐2‐enal than aldehyde scavengers over a 72 h period. Studies revealed that SIMCats reduced the aldehyde accumulation in cells exposed to the known RASP inducer arsenic trioxide. This work demonstrates that SIMCats offer unique benefits over stochiometric agents, potentially providing new ways to combat diseases with greater selectivity and efficiency than existing approaches.
An efficient energy consumption model using data aggregation for wireless sensor network
Authors: Sheena B. Gracelin , Snehalatha N.
Published: April 2023

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become increasingly important in recent years. Small and low‐power sensor nodes make up these sensor networks. A random distribution of nodes is made throughout an unmanaged target region. One of WSN's key challenges is its limited and irreplaceable energy supply. In most situations, sensor nodes cannot be replaced since they operate in a hostile physical environment. The act of gathering and aggregating usable data from different sensor nodes situated to perceive almost the same attribute of the occurrence is known as data aggregation. The mathematical model is used in this research study to generate cluster‐based data aggregation, which is an effective technique to increase energy usage by minimising the number of data transfers. The proposed mathematical model‐based data aggregation (MM‐DA) attains a 97% packet delivery ratio with minimal energy consumption. The MM‐DA outperforms other existing approaches in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), energy consumption (EC), network lifetime and control overhead.
Factors associated with cognitive impairment in Latin American older adults: A cross‐sectional observational study of COVID‐19 confinement
Authors: Ramos‐Henderson Miguel , Soto‐Añari Marcio , Herrera‐Pino Jorge , Porto María F. , Camargo Loida , Hesse Heike , Ferrel‐Ortega † Robert , Quispe‐Ayala Cesar , García de la Cadena Claudia , Mendoza‐Ruvalcaba Neyda , Caldichoury Nicole , Castellanos Cesar , Varón Claudia , Aguilar Dolores , Antezana Regulo , Martinez Juan , Román Norbel , Boza Carolina , Ducassou Alejandro , Saldías Carol , López Norman
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION

The effects of COVID‐19 confinement have been severe, especially in older adults. Therefore, we analyzed the factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in Latin America (LA).

METHODS

We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study with a total of 5245 older adults from 10 countries in LA.

Measurement

We used the Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T‐MoCA) and the Eight‐item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD8) scale.

RESULTS

We found that age, depressive symptomatology, bone fractures, being widowed, having a family member with dementia, and unemployment were associated with an increased risk of CI. In contrast, higher education, hypertension with continuous treatment, quarantine, and keeping stimulating cognitive and physical activities were associated with a lower probability of CI. No significant association was found between suffering from diabetes or being retired and CI.

DISCUSSION

It is essential to conduct follow‐up studies on these factors, considering their relationship with CI and the duration of confinement.
Practice these tips to get promoted
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: April 2023

Next month I will have been retired for five years. It really seems unbelievable to me. Since I retired, the world has known a pandemic, and I have known quite a few never‐before experiences. I was hospitalized for COVID, and my brother‐in‐law was hospitalized with COVID and died of a brain bleed. My older sister fell in her home and shattered both ankles, both knees, and a femur. My mother had a heart attack, two days after my brother‐in‐law died, and was diagnosed with vascular dementia; she died a year later. My husband and I opened and closed a small business. He has had open‐heart surgery, an injury that resulted in spinal fusion, and two hand surgeries. My youngest granddaughter started middle school! We've endured an eight‐month renovation of our home. Whew! It's just hard to fathom all that in five years.
Detection time comparison of non‐hydrolysed sulphated metabolites of metenolone, mesterolone and 17α‐methyltestosterone analysed by four different mass spectrometric techniques
Authors: Albertsdóttir Aðalheiður Dóra , Van Gansbeke Wim , Van Eenoo Peter , Polet Michael
Published: April 2023

The frequent detection of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) indicates their popularity among rule‐breaking athletes. The so called long‐term metabolites play a crucial role in their detection, and non‐hydrolysed sulphated metabolites have gained renewed interest, as research has demonstrated their extended detection time compared to the more conventional markers (e.g., for metenolone and mesterolone). Their potential has been investigated using liquid and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐ and GC‐MS). However, due to their complementary nature, chances are that the most promising metabolite on one technique does not necessarily exhibit the same behaviour on the other and vice versa. Therefore, a comparison was carried out where as a trial model, metenolone, mesterolone and 17α‐methyltestosterone were selected and the most likely long‐term sulphated metabolites identified on four mass spectrometric instruments. Additionally, using a modified sample preparation procedure, comparison between conventional and non‐hydrolysed sulphated metabolites between different GC‐MS instruments was also included. When focusing on each individual marker, no cases were observed where a single metabolite provided a superior detection time on all instruments. Furthermore, for each AAS, there were incidences where a metabolite provided the best detection time on one instrument but could only be detected for a shorter period or not at all on other instruments. This demonstrates that metabolite detection windows and hence their added‐value as target substance are unique and dependent on the analytical technique and not only on their pharmacokinetic behaviour. Consequently, in each case, a metabolite versus instrument evaluation is needed to maximise the probabilities of detecting doping offences.
Analysis of tetramisole metabolites – Is “Aminorex” found in forensic samples of cocaine users actually 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone?
Authors: Hundertmark Marica , Hess Cornelius , Röhrich Jörg , Wunder Cora , Losacker Moritz
Published: April 2023

Phenyltetrahydroimidazothiazole (PTHIT, tetramisole) is a common adulterant in cocaine samples. Little is known about its human metabolism. p‐hydroxy‐PTHIT has long been the only proven phase‐I‐metabolite. Another putative metabolite is the stimulant aminorex. However, data on its analytical proof is rare and contradictory. Even less known is its constitutional isomer 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone which has only been proven in animal samples so far. The aim of the study was to get insight into the metabolism of PTHIT after controlled nasal uptake of PTHIT and in real forensic cocaine/benzoylecgonine‐positive samples.

A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was validated for quantification of 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone and p‐hydroxy‐PTHIT (LOQ 0.05 ng/ml each). Selectivity was ensured for 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone and aminorex (LOD 0.05 ng/ml). After controlled nasal uptake of tetramisole (10 mg, n = 3) a shorter half‐life for p‐hydroxy‐PTHIT (3.4–5.8 h) was determined than for 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (14.0–15.9 h). p‐hydroxy‐PTHIT (33%) and 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (51%) were also detected in serum samples from cocaine users tested previously positive for PTHIT (n = 73). Aminorex was never detected.

The potential of misinterpreting 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone as aminorex was tested using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method used in the literature and an in‐house liquid chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF) screening‐method. Using GC–MS the analysed bis‐trimethylsilyl‐derivatives cannot be differentiated due to co‐elution. Both substances were chromatographically separated using the LC‐QTOF method, but library comparison workflows misinterpreted 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone as aminorex.

It seems likely that aminorex, which was allegedly identified as a metabolite of PTHIT in samples of cocaine users in previous studies, is in fact 4‐phenyl‐2‐imidazolidinone.
The promise of single‐session interventions to inform stepped care approaches for complex mental health problems: Commentary on Schleider et al. (2023)
Authors: Rizvi Shireen L. , Kleiman Evan M.
Published: April 2023

Schleider et al. (2023, International Journal of Eating Disorders) provide an overview and compelling rationale for incorporating single‐session interventions (SSIs) into the eating disorder field. As intervention researchers working with complex mental health problems, including suicide risk, we agree that there is much to be gained by developing and deploying SSIs on a broader scale and for historically difficult‐to‐treat problems. In this commentary, we describe some additional strengths of the SSI approach and highlight their potential in the use of stepped care models of treatment. Ultimately, determining who could benefit from a low dose of treatment and for whom longer treatment is warranted could pave the way for addressing the current mental health burden.