bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Assessment of the Screw and Cement Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zheng Chong , Ma Hai-yang , Du Yin-qiao , Sun Jing-yang , Luo Ji-wei , Qu Dong-bin , Zhou Yong-gang
Published: October 2020

Background. The screw and cement technique is a convenient method used to rebuild medial tibial plateau defects in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of this study was to perform a finite element assessment to determine the effect of different numbers of screws on the stability of TKA and to determine whether differences exist between two different insertion angles. Method. Six tibial finite element models with defects filled with screws and cement and one model with defects filled only with cement were generated. Contact stresses on the surface of cancellous bone in different areas were calculated. Results. Compared to the cement‐only technique, the stress on the border of cancellous bone and bone cement decreased by 10% using the screw and cement technique. For bone defects with a 12% defect area and a 12‐mm defect depth, the use of 1 screw achieved the greatest stability; for those with a 15% defect area and a 20‐mm defect depth, 2 screws achieved the greatest stability. Conclusions. (1) The screw and cement technique is superior to the bone cement‐only technique. For tibial defects in which the defect area comprises a large percentage but the depth is less than 5 mm, the screw and cement technique is recommended. (2) Vertical screws can achieve better stability than oblique screws. (3) Screws should be used in moderation for different defects; more is not always better.
Complex Analytical Study of the Stability of Tunnel-Surrounding Rock in a Layered Jointed Rock Mass
Authors: Wu Su , Li Kegang , Yang Zaihong , Wu Shunchuan , Wang Ting , Qin Qingci , Li Mingliang
Published: October 2020

A barrier function method based on the fmincon optimization function in MATLAB was used to determine the function to map a tunnel boundary to the unit circle in the complex plane, and a structural failure criterion of the mapping convergence was established based on the reliability theory of underground engineering. The joints were approximated as cracks around the tunnel, the anisotropy of the stress intensity factor due to the crack inclination and position changes was studied, and the modified scoring parameter of the layered joints around the tunnel for the rock geomechanics classification (RMR) was proposed and used at points around the tunnel. The calculation method for the supporting stress was required to balance the bias load. The results showed the following: (1) When taking the structural failure criterion as the convergence condition of the mapping function, the mapping function converged when the mapping accuracy was

δ
≥
31.74
%

. (2) The crack with an inclination angle of

β
=

45

°

was the dominant structural plane of the jointed rock mass around the tunnel. The anisotropy of the stress intensity factor

K

II

at the tip of the mode II crack indicated that the corresponding cracks at the various points around the tunnel had inconsistent influences on the tunnel. The position had the greatest influence, followed by the straight wall area, and then by the top and floor areas. (3) When the crack inclination

β

was equal to the inclination angle

β

0

of the dominant joint plane, the secondary crack was parallel to the unloading surface of the corresponding tunnel. (4) The bias load formed by the layered joints around the tunnel reduced the stress threshold of the failure of the rib spalling.
CNOP-P-Based Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for North Atlantic Oscillation in Community Earth System Model Using Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Mu Bin , Li Jing , Yuan Shijin , Luo Xiaodan , Dai Guokun
Published: October 2020

Model error, which results from model parameters, can cause the nonnegligible uncertainty in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) simulation. Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation related to parameter (CNOP-P) is a powerful approach to investigate the range of uncertainty caused by model parameters under a specific constraint. In this paper, we adopt intelligence algorithms to implement the CNOP-P method and conduct the sensitivity analysis of parameter combinations for NAO events in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Among 28 model parameters of the atmospheric component, the most sensitive parameter combination for the

NAO

+

consists of parameter for deep convection (cldfrc_dp1), minimum relative humidity for low stable clouds (cldfrc_rhminl), and the total solar irradiance (solar_const). As for the

NAO

−

, the parameter set that can trigger the largest variation of the NAO index (NAOI) is comprised of the constant for evaporation of precip (cldwat_conke), characteristic adjustment time scale (hkconv_cmftau), and the total solar irradiance (solar_const). The most prominent uncertainties of the NAOI (

Δ
NAOI

) caused by these two combinations achieve 2.12 for

NAO

+

and −2.72 for

NAO

−

, respectively. In comparison, the maximum level of the NAOI variation resulting from single parameters reaches 1.45 for

NAO

+

and −1.70 for

NAO

−

. It is indicated that the nonlinear impact of multiple parameters would be more intense than the single parameter. These results present factors that are closely related to NAO events and also provide the direction of optimizing model parameters. Moreover, the intelligence algorithms adopted in this work are proved to be adequate to explore the nonlinear interaction of parameters on the model simulation.
Double‐Targeted Knockdown of miR‐21 and CXCR4 Inhibits Malignant Glioma Progression by Suppression of the PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK Pathways
Authors: Liu Feijiao , Yang Bo
Published: October 2020

Currently, miR‐21 and CXCR4 are being extensively investigated as two key regulators in glioma malignancy. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of these two factors on glioma progression. Herein, the expression of miR‐21 and CXCR4 was increased in tumor tissues and cell lines. Inhibition of miR‐21, CXCR4, and miR‐21 and CXCR4 together all reduced the migration, invasiveness, proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis in glioma cells, as well as reduced tumor volume and mass in xenograft model. The inhibition effect was strongest in double‐targeted knockdown of miR‐21 and CXCR4 group, whose downstream pathways involved in AKT axis and ERK axis activation. In conclusion, our findings reported that double‐targeted knockdown of miR‐21 and CXCR4 could more effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and growth of transplanted tumor and promote cell apoptosis, which were involved in the PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Ecological Civilization Construction in China
Authors: Gai Mei , Wang Xiuqi , Qi Changli
Published: October 2020

The construction of an ecological civilization is a strategic idea proposed based on the conditions of different countries and the laws governing social development. It is a new way to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Therefore, exploring the evolution characteristics and influence of ecological civilization in China is helpful for the country’s future development. This study uses the pentagon model, panel threshold regression model, and spatial analysis tool to explore the law of space-time differentiation and analyze regional coordination and ecological civilization construction in 31 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China from 2000 to 2018. During the study period, the construction of ecological civilization in China generally fluctuated; the spatial differentiation pattern of the eastern region was more developed than that of the central region, which was more developed than that of the western region. The regional coordination degree decreased in the order of east >central >northeast >west, and the degree of coordination in provinces and cities gradually shifted and finally accumulated to be reflected in the economy and environment in 2018. The most important factor affecting the development of ecological civilization was determined to be scientific research, followed by air quality and government information disclosure.
Management of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm with Extensive Peritoneal Spread Diagnosed during Pregnancy: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Baron Ekaterina , Gushchin Vadim , King Mary Caitlin , Nikiforchin Andrei , Sardi Armando
Published: October 2020

Background. Clinical decisions in patients with peritoneal dissemination of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) diagnosed during pregnancy are challenging. However, their slow progression and favorable prognosis allow deferring definitive treatment until after spontaneous delivery, a reasonable period of breastfeeding, and fertility preservation. Case Presentation. Two pregnant patients were incidentally diagnosed with LAMN and extensive peritoneal spread at 20 weeks gestation and at cesarean section. Treatment with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in both cases was delayed until spontaneous delivery at term and breastfeeding in the first patient and breastfeeding and fertility preservation in the second patient. Both patients remain disease-free for over 5 years, and their children are healthy. The literature review highlights the challenges that physicians face in treating pregnant patients with stage IV appendiceal tumors. Conclusion. Pregnancy management decisions in patients with peritoneal spread from mucinous appendiceal tumor should be based on understanding the tumor biology and prognosis. Definitive treatment in pregnant patients with favorable tumors, such as LAMN, may be delayed until spontaneous delivery without compromising maternal survival.
Chinese Microblog Sentiment Detection Based on CNN-BiGRU and Multihead Attention Mechanism
Authors: Qiu Hong , Fan Chongdi , Yao Jie , Ye Xiaohan
Published: October 2020

With the rapid development of the Internet, Weibo has gradually become one of the commonly used social tools in society at present. We can express our opinions on Weibo anytime and anywhere. Weibo is widely used and people can express themselves freely on it; thus, the amount of comments on Weibo has become extremely large. In order to count up the attitudes of users towards a certain event, Weibo managers often need to evaluate the position of a certain microblog in an appropriate way. In traditional position detection tasks, researchers mainly mine text semantic features through constructing feature engineering and sentiment dictionary, but it takes a large amount of manpower in feature selection and design. However, it is an effective method to analyze the sentiment state of microblog comments. Deep learning is developing in an increasingly mature direction, and the utilization of deep learning methods for sentiment detection has become increasingly popular. The application of convolutional neural networks (CNN), bidirectional GRU (BiGRU), and multihead attention mechanism- (multihead attention-) combined method CNN-BiGRU-MAttention (CBMA) to conduct Chinese microblog sentiment detection was proposed in this paper. Firstly, CNN were applied to extract local features of text vectors. Afterward, BiGRU networks were applied to extract the global features of the text to solve the problem that the single CNN cannot obtain global semantic information and the disappearance of the traditional recurrent neural network (RNN) gradient. At last, it was concluded that the CBMA algorithm is more accurate for Chinese microblog sentiment detection through a variety of algorithm experiments.
Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Circular Tunnels Based on Critical Support Pressure
Authors: Fan Hao , Wang Lianguo , Wang Kai
Published: October 2020

Accurate calculation for the critical support pressure of tunnels plays an important role in tunnel stability evaluation and support design. In this study, a mechanical model for circular tunnels is developed. Considering the intermediate principal stress and strain‐softening characteristic of rock mass, the critical support pressure when the plastic zone and damage zone begin to occur is determined based on the unified strength criterion and strain‐softening model. Through the example study, the critical support pressure under different intermediate principal stress coefficient is solved. Furthermore, the effect of initial field stress, softening coefficient, and maximum damage variable on the critical support pressure are also discussed. The results show that the critical support pressure and radii of plastic and damage zones all decrease with the increase of the intermediate principal stress coefficient. The larger the initial field stress, the larger the critical support pressure. The softening coefficient and maximum damage variable of rock mass has no influence on the critical support pressure when the plastic zone begins to form, but has a significant effect on the critical support pressure when the damage zone begins to form. As softening coefficient increases and maximum damage variable decreases, the critical support pressure when the damage zone which begins to form increases. Data presented in this contribution provide significant theoretical insights into evaluating tunnel stability and support system reliability.
A Simple and Rapid Method for Quantitative HPLC MS/MS Determination of Selected Perfluorocarboxylic Acids and Perfluorosulfonates in Human Serum
Authors: Marra Valentina , Abballe Annalisa , Dellatte Elena , Iacovella Nicola , Ingelido Anna Maria , De Felip Elena
Published: October 2020

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, present in the environment and in the human body. They have raised global concern because of their diffusion in the environment, particularly in water, causing cases of human overexposure due to consumption of contaminated drinking water. Human biomonitoring is the most effective way to characterize human exposure to PFASs, and it is important that as many labs as possible could easily perform this kind of analysis. Analytical methods for quantitation of PFAS mixtures in human serum have been developed, but most of them required materials that are not always easily available in all the laboratories. This paper describes a very simple and accessible HPLC MS/MS method of analysis and quantification of 13 perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonate compounds (belonging to the class of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs)) in human serum. Method development data provide detailed descriptions of the optimization process in terms of sample preparation, laboratory analysis of human serum samples, determination of analytes by HPLC MS/MS, and describing the pump gradient time, working conditions, and acquisition.
Combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib for the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma Harboring BRAF V600E Mutation
Authors: Čepulytė Rūta , Žučenka Andrius , Pečeliūnas Valdas
Published: October 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell neoplasia characterized by relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) disease course, which poses a major therapeutic challenge. New therapies, including BRAF V600E mutation targeting, may become a new treatment option for R/R MM. In combination with mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MEKi), BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) could provide better tailored clinical management, although experience in this field is lacking. To this date, there is only one case describing R/R MM treatment with BRAFi vemurafenib and MEKi cobimetinib. This is the first case presenting a R/R MM patient treated with BRAFi dabrafenib and MEKi trametinib.
Identification of an Epidemiological Model to Simulate the COVID-19 Epidemic Using Robust Multiobjective Optimization and Stochastic Fractal Search
Authors: Lobato Fran Sérgio , Libotte Gustavo Barbosa , Platt Gustavo Mendes
Published: October 2020

Traditionally, the identification of parameters in the formulation and solution of inverse problems considers that models, variables, and mathematical parameters are free of uncertainties. This aspect simplifies the estimation process, but does not consider the influence of relatively small changes in the design variables in terms of the objective function. In this work, the SIDR (Susceptible, Infected, Dead, and Recovered) model is used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and its parameters are estimated by formulating a robust inverse problem, that is, considering the sensitivity of design variables. For this purpose, a robust multiobjective optimization problem is formulated, considering the minimization of uncertainties associated with the estimation process and the maximization of the robustness parameter. To solve this problem, the Multiobjective Stochastic Fractal Search algorithm is associated with the Effective Mean concept for the evaluation of robustness. The results obtained considering real data of the epidemic in China demonstrate that the evaluation of the sensitivity of the design variables can provide more reliable results.
Hes1 Is Essential in Proliferating Ductal Cell–Mediated Development of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsumori Tomoaki , Kodama Yuzo , Takai Atsushi , Shiokawa Masahiro , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Tomonori , Takeda Haruhiko , Marui Saiko , Okada Hirokazu , Hirano Tomonori , Kuwada Takeshi , Sogabe Yuko , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Tomono Teruko , Mima Atsushi , Morita Toshihiro , Ueda Tatsuki , Tsuda Motoyuki , Yamauchi Yuki , Kuriyama Katsutoshi , Sakuma Yojiro , Ota Yuji , Maruno Takahisa , Uza Norimitsu , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Chiba Tsutomu , Seno Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is frequently driven by aberrant KRAS activation and develops in the liver with chronic inflammation. Although the Notch signaling pathway is critically involved in ICC development, detailed mechanisms of Notch-driven ICC development are still unknown. Here, we use mice whose Notch signaling is genetically engineered to show that the Notch signaling pathway, specifically the Notch/Hes1 axis, plays an essential role in expanding ductular cells in the liver with chronic inflammation or oncogenic Kras activation. Activation of Notch1 enhanced the development of proliferating ductal cells (PDC) in injured livers, while depletion of Hes1 led to suppression. In correlation with PDC expansion, ICC development was also regulated by the Notch/Hes1 axis and suppressed by Hes1 depletion. Lineage-tracing experiments using EpcamcreERT2 mice further confirmed that Hes1 plays a critical role in the induction of PDC and that ICC could originate from PDC. Analysis of human ICC specimens showed PDC in nonneoplastic background tissues, confirming HES1 expression in both PDC and ICC tumor cells. Our findings provide novel direct experimental evidence that Hes1 plays an essential role in the development of ICC via PDC.

Significance:

This study contributes to the identification of the cells of origin that initiate ICC and suggests that HES1 may represent a therapeutic target in ICC.
Silver Lining: Reduced Relapse with Chronic GVHD after Transplant for MDS
Authors: Eckel Ashley M. , Deeg H. Joachim
Published: October 2020

Chronic GVHD following hematopoietic cell transplantation is associated with reduced relapse incidence in patients with leukemias. This impact has been investigated in myelodysplastic syndrome, showing a beneficial impact of limited chronic GVHD on transplant outcomes in a cohort of more than 3,000 patients.

See related article by Konuma et al., p. 6483
Carcinoid Heart Disease: Pathophysiology, Pathology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management
Authors: Jin Chengyue , Sharma Ajay Nair , Thevakumar Balasingam , Majid Muhammad , Al Chalaby Shahad , Takahashi Nene , Tanious Ashraf , Arockiam Aro Daniela , Beri Neil , Amsterdam Ezra A.
Published: October 2020

Carcinoid heart disease (CHD) is a rare and potentially lethal manifestation of an advanced carcinoid (neuroendocrine) tumor. The pathophysiology of CHD is related to vasoactive substances secreted by the tumor, of which serotonin is most prominent in the pathophysiology of CHD. Serotonin stimulates fibroblast growth and fibrogenesis, which can lead to cardiac valvular fibrosis. CHD primarily affects right heart valves, causing tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitation and less frequently stenosis of these valves. Left heart valves are usually spared because vasoactive substances such as serotonin are enzymatically inactivated in the lung vasculature. The pathology of CHD is characterized by plaque-like deposition of fibrous tissue on valvular cusps, leaflets, papillary muscles, chordae, and ventricular walls. Symptomatic CHD usually presents between 50 and 70 years of age, initially as dyspnea and fatigue. Echocardiography is the mainstay of imaging and demonstrates thickened right heart valves with limited mobility and regurgitation. Treatment focuses on control of the underlying carcinoid syndrome, targeting subsequent valvular heart disease and managing consequent heart failure. Surgical valve replacement and catheter-directed valve procedures may be effective for selected patients with CHD.
Lycopene and Melatonin: Antioxidant Compounds in Cosmetic Formulations
Authors: Marchena Ana M. , Franco Lourdes , Romero Ana M. , Barriga Carmen , Rodríguez Ana B.
Published: October 2020

Background: The use of antioxidants has become a common practice in the development of antiaging cosmetics. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of cosmetic formulations containing lycopene and melatonin antioxidants. Method: Thirty-six healthy women from 32 to 65 years were enrolled in this study. The study was carried out for 10 weeks, 2 preconditioning weeks with a control cream without antioxidants, and 8-week test with creams containing antioxidants in study. A multifunctional skin physiology monitor (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH®, Germany) was used to measure skin sebum content, hydration, elasticity, erythema index, and melanin index in 4 different regions of the face. Results: There were significant differences between them.
Vitamin E in Atopic Dermatitis: From Preclinical to Clinical Studies
Authors: Teo Cheryl Wei Ling , Tay Shawn Han Yueh , Tey Hong Liang , Ung Yee Wei , Yap Wei Ney
Published: October 2020

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are some of the proposed mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches are effective yet they are not without adverse effects. Vitamin E has great potential as an adjunctive treatment for AD owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Summary: This review article summarizes the current available evidence from cellular, animal and clinical studies on the relationship between vitamin E and AD. The future prospects of vitamin E are also discussed. Vitamin E in practice does not show any toxicity to humans within a range of reasonable dosage. Albeit rarely, vitamin E as a contact allergen should be considered. Collectively, this review envisaged vitamin E as an adjunctive treatment for AD patients. Future research on the distinct effects of different vitamin E isoforms as well as their delivery system in skin disorders is needed.
Influence of Simvastatin as Augmentative Therapy in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Mirzaei Ehsan , Mirjalili Mahtabalsadat , Jahangard Leila , Haghighi Mohammad , Yasrebifar Fatemeh , Mohammadi Younes , Larki-Harchagani Amir , Mehrpooya Maryam
Published: October 2020

Background: Preliminary evidence is promising regarding the anxiolytic effects of statins in animal models of anxiety. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of simvastatin augmentation versus placebo in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with residual symptoms despite treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Methods: A double-blind, 8-week controlled trial was conducted from August 2018 to December 2019 in an outpatient psychiatry clinic in Hamadan, Iran. A total of 138 patients with a diagnosis of GAD were assessed for eligibility. Of them, 84 patients who met the study criteria were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant simvastatin (20 mg/day) or to the placebo group. Standard medication consisting of SSRIs was consistent 2 months prior to and during the study. The severity of anxiety symptoms for each patient was assessed based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score at baseline, week 4, and week 8 after treatment. Additionally, blood lipid values were assessed at baseline and on completion of the study. Results: Thirty-three out of 42 patients in the intervention group and 35 out of 42 patients in the control group completed the 8 weeks of the study period. Compared to the placebo group, in the simvastatin group cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased, and high-density lipoprotein significantly increased over time. General linear model analysis demonstrated that although over time a higher decrease in mean HAM-A scores was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.11). In addition, at the end of the study, the number of responders and remitters was comparable in the two groups. Conclusions: The results from this clinical study did not support the potential efficacy of adjunctive simvastatin in the treatment of patients with GAD. Thus, large-scale and long-term clinical trials are required to more accurately assess the potential efficacy of statins in the treatment of patients with anxiety disorders.
DNA Methylation and Genetic Aberrations in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Usui Genki , Matsusaka Keisuke , Mano Yasunobu , Urabe Masayuki , Funata Sayaka , Fukayama Masashi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Kaneda Atsushi
Published: October 2020

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. GC is a pathologically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. DNA hypermethylation in promoter CpG islands causes silencing of tumor-suppressor genes and thus contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. In addition, various molecular aberrations, including aberrant chromatin structures, gene mutations, structural variants, and somatic copy number alterations, are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Summary: Comprehensive DNA methylation analyses revealed multiple DNA methylation patterns in GCs and classified GC into distinct molecular subgroups: extremely high-methylation epigenotype uniquely observed in GC associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-methylation epigenotype associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), and low-methylation epigenotype. In The Cancer Genome Atlas classification, EBV and MSI are extracted as independent subgroups of GC, whereas the remaining GCs are categorized into genomically stable (GS) and chromosomal instability (CIN) subgroups. EBV-positive GC, exhibiting the most extreme DNA hypermethylation in the whole human malignancies, frequently shows CDKN2A silencing, PIK3CA mutations, PD-L1/2 overexpression, and lack of TP53 mutations. MSI, exhibiting high DNA methylation, often has MLH1 silencing and abundant gene mutations. GS is generally a diffuse-type GC and frequently shows CDH1/RHOA mutations or CLDN18–ARHGAP fusion. CIN is generally an intestinal-type GC and frequently has TP53 mutations and genomic amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Key Messages: The frequency and targets of genetic aberrations vary depending on the epigenotype. Aberrations in the genome and epigenome are expected to synergistically interact and contribute to gastric carcinogenesis and comprehensive analyses of those in GCs may help elucidate the mechanism of carcinogenesis.
Critical Remarks on Codices in which Galen Appears as a Member of the gens Claudia
Authors: Alexandru Stefan
Published: October 2020

Some nineteenth-century scholars misleadingly thought that no Greek codex supports Galen’s legal affiliation to the gens Claudia. When the manuscript Thessalonicensis Vlatadon 14 was thrust into the limelight with regard to this issue in 2011, it was promptly imagined that the relevant information derived from Renaissance Italy, thanks to the voyages and studies of John Argyropoulos. Allegedly there also is a codex gemellus of the Vlatadon witness, the MS Athous Iviron Graecus 184, which does not transmit that gentilic name. The article shows that the latter codex cannot reasonably be regarded as a twin manuscript of the former. Moreover, it disproves the widespread scholarly claim that Galen is never named Claudius in documents that antedate the Age of Humanism, drawing attention to some insufficiently explored Byzantine sources, the oldest of which dates back to around 1200 AD.
Les maladies de l’âme
Authors: Saudelli Lucia
Published: October 2020

One of Plato’s principal innovations is the notion of psychic illness. He discusses this topic in different dialogues: in the Timaeus the discussion is based on a physiological theory and is set in a cosmological framework. The article focuses on this account of the diseases of the soul and explains the ‘diagnostic’ part of it, as well as the ‘therapeutic’ one. It raises three main problems: first, the natural determinism of psychic illness, which is the outcome of bodily defectiveness; second, the interactionist dualism between body and soul, their mutual influence that determines both insanity and health; third, the intellectual moralism, because we should not be held responsible for our mental disabilities.
Early Identifications of Apollo with the Physical Sun in Ancient Greece
Authors: Bilić Tomislav
Published: October 2020

It appears that Apollo’s identification with the physical sun is predominantly understood in modern scholarship as a philosophical interpretation of a traditional religious belief. More precisely, it is often understood as an application of physical allegoresis on the tenets of traditional religion and thus attributed to a later stratum of Greek thought. A new evaluation of ancient evidence presented here reveals that the Apollo-sun identification was present in Greek ethnographic context from the earliest period and cannot be reduced to a philosophical reinterpretation of traditional myth and religion. At the same time, the authors interested in the interpretation of traditional religion in terms of natural philosophy were especially prone to use the Apollo-sun identification in their works, since it was able to provide substantial support for their hermeneutic approach.
Apropos the New Corpus of Linear B Tablets from Pylos
Authors: Civitillo Matilde
Published: October 2020

Les archives du roi Nestor offers scholars the long-awaited full scholarly edition of the Linear B documents found at Pylos from 1939 to date. For the first time—along with transliterations, information about size and number of fragments, find-spot, publication history and a critical apparatus—, each document is accompanied by drawings and colour photographs. The new analysis of the palaeography of the tablets has allowed considerable improvement of previously proposed transliterations and the suggestion of new readings. Moreover, it has enriched our knowledge of Mycenaean scribal practices by further clarifying the role of individual scribes in the administration chain of the Palace at Pylos. Finally, it has huge philological and historical implications. The following review article tries to discuss the main positions of the book, by contextualizing them in the field of research and by entering into more detailed discussion of some of them.
Compound slides: a new technique for examining branchiopod head pores in optical microscopes
Authors: Andrade D. S. , Sousa F. D. R. , Mugnai R.
Published: October 2020

A new technique for the optimization of the taxonomic study of cephalic openings in Branchiopoda is proposed here. The study of the cephalic openings in the various taxa that constitute this clade is of great importance. This is true not only for taxonomic studies, being fundamental for species identification in the Chydoridae, but also for phylogenetic and physiological investigations. For this, currently available protocols include the use of electron microscopic analysis, using the whole specimen, or the use of optical microscopy, by removing the cephalic shield from the specimen and mounting it on slides. This work presents a simple technique for the study of cephalic openings in Branchiopoda, facilitating their study, particularly for those associated with the Chydoridae.
A comparative analysis of genetic differentiation of the E. affinis species complex and some other Eurytemora species, using the CO1, nITS and 18SrRNA genes (Copepoda, Calanoida)
Authors: Sukhikh Natalia , Abramova Ekaterina , Holl Anne-Catherine , Souissi Sami , Alekseev Victor
Published: October 2020

Eurytemora represents a challenging group of species due to their taxonomy, in particular the former group of cryptic species known as E. affinis sensu lato. In this paper, we analyse DNA sequences that are all available in GenBank, along with our own data on the genus Eurytemora. For this study, a set of mitochondrial and nuclear genes (CO1, nITS and 18SrRNA) was used. In total 543 sequences were analysed (437 CO1; 54 nITS; 52 18SrRNA). However, this work is mainly meta-analytical, and only 67 sequences from unstudied earlier populations or species were obtained specifically for this work to analyse the genetic differentiation of the morphologically described species. We found that relatively young species of the E. affinis complex are different from each other in the CO1 and nITS genes, but not in the conservative 18SrRNA nuclear gene. Nucleotide differences among affinis-group species in the CO1 gene are 9.4-11.8%; in the nITS genes, 1.1-5.0%. At the same time, all other studied Eurytemora species have significant differences from each other in the CO1 and nITS genes, as well as in 18SrRNA. The level of differences among the species is 13.2-19.2% for the CO1 gene, 18.0-27.6.2% for nITS genes, and 0.4-1.8% for the 18SrRNA gene.
‘All Necessary Means’ to Protect Civilians
Authors: Bourgeois Hanna
Published: October 2020

In this article, I aim to explore the interpretation and implementation of United Nations (UN) Security Council mandates authorising the protection of civilians (PoC) and, in particular, the meaning of an authorisation to use ‘all necessary means’ to protect civilians. Over the past two decades, the UN Security Council has repeatedly provided UN (mandated) peace operations with an explicit mandate to protect civilians. In doing so, it has typically authorised the use of ‘all necessary means’ to achieve the aforementioned objective. This PoC language has been subject to varying interpretations and implementations in practice and is therefore often considered ambiguous. The conclusion reached in this article is that PoC language is indeed vague, but that this is not necessarily problematic. It might even be unavoidable in light of the cascade structure in which the PoC mandate is placed and whereby the PoC mandate is interpreted and implemented at the various levels of authority, command, and control. What is problematic is that there is uncertainty and discussion about the limits to the use of force in the implementation of PoC mandates. After all, the formula to use ‘all necessary means’ cannot be regarded as a ‘blank cheque’ to use any amount of force. Therefore, I identify the upper limit to what UN (mandated) peace operations may lawfully do to protect civilians when being provided with a mandate to use ‘all necessary means’. I also detect an emerging lower limit for what UN (mandated) peace operations must lawfully do to protect civilians when being provided with such a PoC mandate.
Misidentification and notes on Plesionika semilaevis, Spence Bate, 1888 (Crustacean: Decapoda: Caridea) from the southern coast of India
Authors: KUBERAN G. , CHAKRABORTY REKHA DEVI , MAHESWARUDU G.
Published: October 2020

The commercial deep-sea caridean shrimp Plesionika martia (Milne-Edwards 1883) has long been recorded from India and constitutes an important species of deep-sea shrimp catches in the southern coast of India. However, the present study revealed that all the previous records of “Plesionika martia” is actually a misidentification of the closely related species P. semilaevis, which was recently obtained from Indian waters. The specimens were collected from three fish landing harbours (Sakthikulangara, Kalamuku, and Tuticorin) fished from the depth of about 150–250 m along the southern coast of India during 2014 to 2017. The level of interspecies genetic divergence between 16S rDNA (16.8–18.6%) and COI (26.1%) sequences of the Indian P. semilaevis and P. martia sequence retrieved from NCBI were found to be comparatively high. The current work illustrates the detailed morphological characters with color photographs of the species, P. semilaevis off the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Revision of the genus Metura (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) with description of two new species
Authors: BEAVER ETHAN P.
Published: October 2020

The genus Metura Walker, 1855 is revised, with all species figured, diagnosed, and redescribed. Two new species are described from Australia: Metura phyllosacca sp. n. from south eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, and M. falcata sp. n. from Lord Howe Island. The species Oiketicus aristocosma Lower, 1908 is here recognised as Metura aristocosma (Lower, 1908) comb. n. The mature larval bags, diagnostic by way of their structure, are figured for all species. A key is provided for the adult males and larval bags of this genus. A brief discussion is included, outlining potential research directions.
Review of the Central Asian species of Phthorarcha Meyrick (Geometridae: Alsophilinae) with description of a new species
Authors: KOSTJUK IGOR , MIRONOV VLADIMIR G. , VIIDALEPP JAAN
Published: October 2020

The Central Asian species of the winter moth genus Phthorarcha Meyrick, 1892 are revised and some specimens of the type series of Phthorarcha primigena Staudinger, 1895 are separated and described as Phthorarcha haberhaueri, sp. nov. These poorly known moths and their male and female genitalia are described and illustrated and discrimination of the genera Phthorarcha, Alsophiloides Inoue and Chimaphila Nakajima & Wang is analysed.
A new species of Bragasellus (Isopoda, Asellidae) from NW Spain, with a key to the known species of the genus
Authors: LÓPEZ EDUARDO
Published: October 2020

During a survey on the benthic invertebrates of the upper reaches of river Eo (Galicia, NW Spain), a dense population of epigean asellid isopods were detected in the source of the river. After examination, these specimens resulted to belong to a new species of the genus Bragasellus Henry & Magniez, 1968. The new species comes to fill a geographical gap between the two alleged ancestral areas of the genus and is characterized by its appendix masculina (male pleopod II endopod), which bears a short but distinct cylindrical cannula and lacks basal process. Other characteristic traits are uniform black pigmentation in live specimens, pereopod I dactylus shorter than the palm of the propodus, smooth (instead of plumose) texture of the marginal setae on male pleopod I exopod, and pleopod III exopod with a straight internal side. In this job, description of the new taxon is provided, as well as a key to all the known species belonging to the genus.
First description of the male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895) (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae) from China
Authors: JIANG XUAN-KONG , HENNEN DEREK A. , CHEN HUI-MING , XIE ZHI-CAI
Published: October 2020

The male of Glyphiulus formosus (Pocock, 1895) is described for the first time based on specimens collected from Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. According to the male sexual characters, this species is verified to be a member of the G. javanicus group. In addition, a DNA barcode of the partial COI gene of G. formosus is provided.
Handling Resistance to Change When Societal and Workplace Logics Conflict
Authors: Malhotra Namrata , Zietsma Charlene , Morris Timothy , Smets Michael
Published: October 2020

Changes in societal logics often leave firms’ policies and practices out of step. Yet when firms introduce a change that brings in a new societal logic, employees may resist, even though they personally value the change, because the incoming logic conflicts with existing organizational logics. How can change agents handle logic-based resistance to an organizational initiative that introduces a new logic? We studied elite law firms that introduced a new role into their traditional up-or-out career path in response to associates’ anonymously expressed desire for better work–life balance, which associates resisted because expressing family concerns was illegitimate within the firms. Change agents responded to three forms of resisters’ logic-based concerns—irreconcilability, ambiguity, and contradiction—with three tailored responses—redirecting, reinforcing, and reassuring—using contextually legitimate logic elements. Over time logic elements of each concern–response pair harmonized to enable individuals to enact their logics seamlessly and organizations to update the existing logic settlement to assimilate the societal change. We demonstrate that the way available logics are accessed and activated between pluralistic change agents and resisters can enable logic settlements to be updated in response to societal change. We draw insights about how logics do or do not constrain agency.
Emergent Dimensions of Community-Oriented Policing
Authors: Dario Lisa M. , Crichlow Vaughn J.
Published: October 2020

Community-oriented policing (COP) is arguably the most popular and most misunderstood policing philosophy. Definitional ambiguity contributes to this problem, hampering theoretical development, creative new strategies of implementation, and evidence-based policy. DiMaggio and Powell’s seminal piece on institutional isomorphism provides a framework for understanding the organizational vagueness of COP, including the processes of homogenization of priorities and structures across police organizations. We propose several new dimensions of COP, developed using police mission statements from a nationally representative sample of law enforcement agencies ( N = 2,826). These emergent dimensions (Shallow Community-Oriented Policing, Responsivity, Legitimacy, Constitutionality, and Inclusivity) provide new avenues of theoretical consideration of the COP construct. Exploring these novel elements may strengthen existing community-oriented strategies and encourage creative policy suggestions.
The translation of self-spirituality into organizations
Authors: ZAIDMAN Nurit , GOLDSTEIN-GIDONI Ofra
Published: October 2020

This study provides an analysis of rich field-based data regarding the translation of self-spirituality into Israeli public schools. The study also draws from research conducted in other Western for-profit and health organizations. While the analysis supports existing assertions from research regarding the increasing market orientation of the culture of self-spirituality, it also identifies the specific methods used by brokers to translate self-spirituality concepts into the school system and distinguishes between ethical and unethical approaches to translation. It further illuminates the interactional dynamics that explain the emergence of an instrumental orientation to the translation of self-spirituality.
Psychosis and Criminal Offending: A Population-Based Data-Linkage Study
Authors: Chowdhury Nabila Z. , Albalawi Olayan , Wand Handan , Allnutt Stephen , Adily Armita , Kariminia Azar , Sara Grant , Schofield Peter W. , O’Driscoll Colman , Greenberg David M. , Butler Tony
Published: October 2020

This population-based case-control study examines the association between psychosis and criminal convictions in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, using data from several health and offending administrative data collections. Cases were individuals diagnosed with psychosis between 2001 and 2012 ( n = 86,461). For each case, two age- and sex-matched controls with no diagnosis of psychosis were selected. Criminal convictions were identified using the NSW Reoffending Database. Cases were approximately 5 times more likely to offend compared with controls, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [4.55, 4.81], and accounted for 10% of all criminal convictions in NSW between 2001 and 2015. The prevalence of at least one criminal conviction was 30% among cases compared with 6% among controls. The results from this study confirm previous work regarding the association between psychosis and criminal convictions. More work is needed to better articulate the mechanisms for this association to enable prevention strategies to be developed.
Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis Invading the Nasal Septum: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Han Seung Cheol , Park Jeong Hwan , Hong Seung No
Published: October 2020

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is a rare and slowly progressive disease, which usually involves the sino-nasal structures and upper respiratory tract. It is a fibroinflammatory lesion with an unclear etiology. Recent literature suggests a relation to rheumatic or immunological disorders. Therefore, immunophenotypic workup is critical when suspected. We report a case of a 32-year-old man complaining of nasal obstruction lasting more than 2 years. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography showed a deviated septum with bilateral soft tissue swelling. During the septoturbinoplasty, a submucosal mass with severe adhesion was observed beneath the septal flap. The mass was completely removed. Dense stromal fibrosis with eosinophil-rich inflammatory cell infiltration was found on histologic examination and the patient was diagnosed with EAF. In addition, we reviewed the pathologic diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and management of EAF.
DICOM Format and Protocol Standardization—A Core Requirement for Digital Pathology Success
Authors: Clunie David A.
Published: October 2020

As the use of digital techniques in toxicologic pathology expands, challenges of scalability and interoperability come to the fore. Proprietary formats and closed single-vendor platforms prevail but depend on the availability and maintenance of multiformat conversion libraries. Expedient for small deployments, this is not sustainable at an industrial scale. Primarily known as a standard for radiology, the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard has been evolving to support other specialties since its inception, to become the single ubiquitous standard throughout medical imaging. The adoption of DICOM for whole slide imaging (WSI) has been sluggish. Prospects for widespread commercially viable clinical use of digital pathology change the incentives. Connectathons using DICOM have demonstrated its feasibility for WSI and virtual microscopy. Adoption of DICOM for digital and computational pathology will allow the reuse of enterprise-wide infrastructure for storage, security, and business continuity. The DICOM embedded metadata allows detached files to remain useful. Bright-field and multichannel fluorescence, Z-stacks, cytology, and sparse and fully tiled encoding are supported. External terminologies and standard compression schemes are supported. Color consistency is defined using International Color Consortium profiles. The DICOM files can be dual personality Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) for legacy support. Annotations for computational pathology results can be encoded.