bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definition of the concept of "self-employed" and its historical development
Authors: Poluyan Dmitrii Anatol'evich
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the evolution of the concept of "self-employed" in Russia, starting with its appearance in the scientific literature in the 90s and up to the present state. The study seeks to trace the dynamics of changes in the definition of "self-employment" and "self-employed" under the influence of various factors, including political, legislative and scientific trends. The purpose of the study is not only to establish the chronology of the formation and change of the concept, but also to analyze the ways of its application in practice, in particular, in court decisions. The analysis presented in the paper is aimed at deepening the understanding of the concept of "self-employed" in different contexts and identifying contradictions in its application. This helps to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement practice and improve future theoretical developments in this area. The research methodology consists of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition. The following methods were used: dialectical, logical, historical, formal-legal, and hermeneutical. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the concept of "self-employed" in Russia, covering various contexts of its application. The research is not limited to simply tracing the chronology of the appearance and change of the term, but also deeply analyzes its interpretation in sociological and legal works, legal acts of the executive branch, laws, decisions of the Constitutional Court and judicial practice, as well as the reasons for the appearance of certain connotations. Special attention is paid to how different interpretations of this concept are mixed in court decisions. The conducted research allows us to draw the following conclusions: The concept of "self-employed" in Russia does not have a single definition, which leads to ambiguity in its application in practice. Historically, the definition of "self-employment" has changed from a broad interpretation (type of employment of people) to a narrower one (tax regime). Judicial practice demonstrates inconsistency in the interpretation of the concept of "self-employed", which complicates law enforcement and requires timely correction.
The terminology base of profiling: comparative analysis and unification
Authors: Kulik Anna Valer'evna
Published: October 2024

The article examines the evolution of profiling as a field of scientific knowledge and practical activity. The article analyzes the transformation of profiling from a highly specialized method in criminology to a comprehensive tool for analyzing behavior in the field of security and the need to revise and unify the terminology base of profiling. The integrated nature of profiling, its applied orientation and risk-oriented approach are investigated. An analysis of the contribution of key researchers to the development of the discipline is presented. The history of the development of the scientific and methodological base of profiling and scientific views characteristic of various periods of its development are considered. Various approaches to the definition of profiling in criminology, public safety, business and politics are considered. Separate methods used in various fields of profiling application and having a significant impact on its terminological content are considered. The methodology includes a historical analysis of the process of transformation of the discipline since its inception, the study of the contribution of key researchers, the study of various approaches to the definition of profiling in criminology, business and politics, a review of the most significant works on the topic of the article, as well as archival documents. The article examines in detail previously little-known works of foreign scientists, as well as archival documents. Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis, a new universal definition of profiling is proposed, reflecting its modern essence and the versatility of its application in the fields of criminology, public security, political psychology, intelligence and business. Each component of the proposed definition is justified, taking into account the scientific and methodological base of profiling and the established practice of its application. The gaps in the previously formulated definitions of profiling that do not correspond to the approaches available in foreign and domestic science are considered. In addition, the historical periods of profiling development with their characteristic approaches are highlighted. A number of terms are proposed and a conclusion is made about the need for further conceptualization of profiling as a complex discipline with a wide range of applications.
The history of the formation and development of forms of interaction between science and industry in the field of the study and development of polymer compounds and composites
Authors: Ganin Sergei Vladimirovich , Ganin Maksim Alekseevich , Kolomeitsev Ivan  Vladimirovich , Morozov Il'ya Dmitrievich
Published: October 2024

The paper explores the transformation of forms of interaction between science and industry in the field of research and development of polymer and composite compounds. In the pre-revolutionary period, pioneering firms in this field began to open the first laboratories at their base. During the Soviet period, the active development of civil and military industries required the mass production of polymer products in the shortest possible time. To solve this problem, research institutes began to be created, which in Soviet realities demonstrated their high efficiency. At the present stage, one of the ways to provide the polymer industry with the necessary know-how has become the creation of R&D departments based on commercial firms, as well as advanced state universities. Using the example of the R&D department of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, the specifics of the functioning of such research centers are analyzed. The research methodology is based on the retrospective method. Comparative analysis is widely used. In addition, the microanalysis method is also involved, which allows, using the example of a single R&D department of the University, to assess the future prospects of the emerging model of science-industry interaction in the development of new polymer materials and composites. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article for the first time examines in detail the work in the field of development of new polymer and composite compounds of the R&D department of one of the leading universities in the country – the Competence Center of the National Technological Initiative "New Production Technologies", created on the basis of the Institute of Advanced Production Technologies of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. It is concluded that the R&D departments of universities, when they are provided with highly competent scientific personnel and modern equipment, can demonstrate high performance indicators. At the same time, their activities ensure the formation of a pool of technologies in the domestic market that are available to all its participants, and not only to individual firms. This, in turn, creates the necessary prerequisites for the further development of the polymer industry in our country.
Artificial intelligence in media communications and creative professions: threats and opportunities
Authors: Gurushkin Pavel Yurievich , Korneeva Kristina Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on modern journalism in the system of digital media communications. Both threats and opportunities introduced by new neural network technologies are under consideration. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among representatives of creative professions, the purpose of which was to find out the attitude to artificial intelligence and its role in their professional activities. The article focuses on the need for further research and regulation of the use of neural network technologies to minimize risks of their use in media communications. To conduct the study, a survey method was chosen that allowed to collect quantitative data on the opinions and perceptions of AI by representatives of the media industry. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the systematic analysis of opinions and perceptions of AI among representatives of professions that receive their main financial income through creative and intellectual work, such as journalism, advertising and public relations, design, music, etc. Unlike most existing studies that focus on the technical aspects of AI, this study focuses on the social and ethical aspects of its application. This allows us to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of AI in society and identify key factors influencing its perception. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used to develop recommendations for integrating AI into various spheres of life, as well as regulating issues of control over the use of neural network technologies in modern society. The results can also help analyze public sentiment and expectations, which will allow making targeted and effective decisions in the development and implementation of AI technologies.
The Virtues of Confucian Philosophy in Modern Public Relations
Authors: Dorskii Andrei Yur'evich , Ma Xinyi
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the importance of Confucian ethics of virtues for public relations. The authors consider the history of the study of the ethics of virtues as explaining the ethics of PR theory. It is stated that the study of the role of Confucian teaching for modern market relations has been actively conducted over the past decades both in China and in a number of other countries, but the ratio of Confucian virtues and PR principles has not yet become the subject of special research. The aim of the work is to provide theoretical support for the development of more effective communication strategies. A comparative study of the "five constants" (benevolence, righteousness, decency, wisdom and trust) is being conducted classical Chinese Confucian philosophy and modern ethical principles expressed in PR practices. After the reconstruction of the content of each of the five virtues, its manifestation in communicative business practices should be considered. The authors have demonstrated that Confucian virtues contribute to the harmonization of public communications, improve the image and reputation of companies, and ultimately increase their capitalization. In conclusion, the authors point out the positive and negative importance of Confucian philosophy for the development of public relations. In particular, it is noted that the radical opposition of kindness to benefit prevents the spread of market relations, and the emphasis on personal relationships does not contribute to institutional order. Nevertheless, the authors believe that the study of the ethical teachings of Confucianism contributes to better intercultural interaction with representatives of East Asian cultures, and following this teaching in general can contribute to the harmonization of public communications and increase the moral status of public relations on a global scale.
On Some Means Expressing Imperative Semantics in Middle Russian Business and Household Documents of the 16th – 17th Centuries
Authors: Iordani Natalia
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the use of verb forms (imperative and subjunctive mood) and syntactic constructions (dative subject + infinitive and dative subject + infinitive with a particle by) used to express imperative semantics in Middle Russian business and household sources of different genres. The paper studies such business sources of the 16th – 17th centuries related to clerical records management were investigated: ukaznaja gramota containing orders from the central secular and spiritual authorities to local officials; pamjat' reflecting the interaction of administrative persons and institutions. Household writing is represented by materials of private correspondence, which was informal and had no legal status, therefore, phenomena characteristic of a oral speech and not reflected in official documents are recorded in such sources. The paper uses a comparative method, which consists in comparing the contexts of the use of means of expressing imperative semantics. It was found that the verb forms and syntactic constructions expressing this meaning were distributed differently in the texts of different genres: ukaznaja gramota is characterized by the use of the subjunctive and imperative mood and the infinitive with a particle by. The forms of the subjunctive mood and the infinitive without a particle by with 3rd person subject are widely represented in pamjat'. The infinitive with the particle by appears in pamjat' in contexts with the 2nd person, as well as the forms of the subjunctive and imperative mood. Household sources are characterized by a high frequency of imperative mood compared to an infinitive with a particle by. The article presents a quantitative analysis of verb forms and syntactic constructions used to express imperative meaning in texts of different genres.
Implementation of the principle of religious tolerance in the Russian State: past and present (geosocial approach)
Authors: Zhukova Evgeniia Mikhaylovna
Published: October 2024

The article examines the question of the origins of religious tolerance in the Russian state, its traditional forms and spheres of manifestation over many centuries. The emphasis is made on its actualization in the life of modern Russia. Today, in an era of social instability, uncontrolled migration flows, and the erasure of value orientations, the experience that contributes to the harmonization of various processes is becoming especially relevant. The subject of this study is the principle of religious tolerance in the Russian state. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of religious tolerance in Russia using a geosocial approach. This approach explains the steady trend of manifestation of the principle of religious tolerance in Russian historical realities and the current moment, seeing it as a consequence of the peculiarities of the mentality of Russian population formed by its nature (geographical breadth, etc.). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that various views of researchers on the problem of the origins of religious tolerance have been identified and systematized; a geosocial approach has been used in the study of religious tolerance; the specifics of the manifestation of religious tolerance from the time of pre-Petrine Russia to the present day are traced. An attempt is made to look at religious tolerance as an integral part of the planetary thinking transmitted by the Russian society. The results of the research can be used in theoretical (within the framework of philosophical, political science, religious studies) and practical (in domestic and foreign policy of the country) aspects. The result of the study is to identify the specifics of religious tolerance, which can be traced in Russian history for a number of centuries. The conclusion is that the experience of implementing the principle of religious tolerance in the Russian state is important for stability within modern and future Russia. The principle of religious tolerance is the foundation for the harmonization of interfaith and state-confessional interactions, which in turn are related to the national issue.
"Transitional justice": general characteristics
Authors: Sergeeva Anzhelika Anatol'evna , Voskoboinik Igor' Olegovich , Pitulko Kseniya Viktorovna , Sokolova Elena Valer'evna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is a special procedural mechanism for establishing the circumstances of the commission of genocide and other crimes against humanity during the functioning of various totalitarian regimes that widely use the practice of mass violations of human rights, the ideology of historical exclusivity, and the destruction of civil society institutions. Usually we are talking about states that have survived dictatorship or war, so the center of judicial knowledge is, first of all, precedents of gross violations of the rules of warfare, torture, mass executions, slavery. The declared goals of "transitional justice" are the rehabilitation of victims of repression. The authors conducted a study of the activities of special judicial presences and truth and reconciliation commissions, summarized the mediation experience implemented in the states of Africa and Southeast Asia.  The research methodology is based on the principles of dialectical cognition, as well as a wide range of general scientific and private scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, legal comparative studies). The main conclusions of the study are concentrated around the specifics of the subject jurisdiction of conciliation commissions and tribunals, covering only acts of violence against the civilian population. For the first time, the authors have assessed the effectiveness of these institutions in a number of states. The various methodologies that make up "transitional justice" usually combine the "healing" measures of restorative justice (truth and reconciliation commissions) and a parallel system of punitive justice (mainly against those primarily responsible for the most serious crimes and their direct perpetrators). The text of the article substantiates that the activities carried out within the framework of "transitional justice" are aimed at reforming social institutions by restoring the rule of law and ensuring the functioning of constitutionally established judicial bodies in the future.
Avaliação da prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de medicina de uma Universidade do Sul Catarinense
Authors: Felippe Luiza Magnus , Martins Giovani Collovini , Silva Vitória Oliveira Silva da , Peltz Kelvin , Peper-Nascimento Jefté , Sipriano Érica da Silva , Simon Carla Sasso , Valvassori Samira da Silva , Madeira Kristian
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de Medicina em uma Universidade do Sul Catarinense, Brasil. Iniciar com o verbo no infinitivo, de forma clara quais são os objetivos do trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional, analítico e transversal em 388 estudantes do curso de Medicina. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionários autoaplicáveis e anônimos, e os Inventários de Depressão e de Ansiedade de Beck. Resultados: 11,6% dos estudantes apresentavam ansiedade severa e 5,7% depressão severa. Os sintomas mínimos de ansiedade foram associados ao sexo masculino, a cor de pele parda e preta e a alunos do 7º, 9º, 10º e 12º semestre. Níveis moderado de ansiedade e depressão foram associados ao sexo feminino. Considerações finais: Conclui-se que há uma vulnerabilidade aos transtornos ansiosos e depressivos em estudantes de Medicina em uma Universidade do Sul Catarinense, Brasil. Recomenda-se mais estudos na área de práticas de intervenção para melhora na qualidade de vida dos estudantes de Medicina.
Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de Medicina em uma Universidade do Sul Catarinense, Brasil. Iniciar com o verbo no infinitivo, de forma clara quais são os objetivos do trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional, analítico e transversal em 388 estudantes do curso de Medicina. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionários autoaplicáveis e anônimos, e os Inventários de Depressão e de Ansiedade de Beck. Resultados: 11,6% dos estudantes apresentavam ansiedade severa e 5,7% depressão severa. Os sintomas mínimos de ansiedade foram associados ao sexo masculino, a cor de pele parda e preta e a alunos do 7º, 9º, 10º e 12º semestre. Níveis moderado de ansiedade e depressão foram associados ao sexo feminino. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há uma vulnerabilidade aos transtornos ansiosos e depressivos em estudantes de Medicina em uma Universidade do Sul Catarinense, Brasil. Recomenda-se mais estudos na área de práticas de intervenção para melhora na qualidade de vida dos estudantes de Medicina.
Gray zone Bethesda category III – Atypia of undetermined significance lesions of the thyroid: Potential diagnostic issues and image morphometry as a useful adjunct to cytomorphology
Authors: Saini Tarunpreet , Kundu Reetu , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Saikia Uma Nahar , Dey Pranab
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is an indeterminate category which presents a significant challenge for pathologists and clinicians. The management options are dependent on the rate of malignancy for a given populace.

Material and Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of 61 cases of the AUS Bethesda category III with grouping into neoplastic and non-neoplastic according to the histopathology data and clinical follow-up. Detailed cytomorphological features were analyzed and image morphometry was done using image J software. Student’s t-test was used.

Results:

Out of the total 61 cases, 35 were neoplastic cases of AUS (histopathology proven), and 26 were non-neoplastic (on follow-up) cases. The risk of neoplasia and risk of malignancy observed were 57.4% and 47.5%, respectively. Neoplastic cases displayed prominent intranuclear inclusions (54%) and pseudopapillary clusters (20%). Majority of non-neoplastic cases revealed fine chromatin (96%) and pale chromatin (4%) while among neoplastic cases, 14% showed pale chromatin. Neoplastic cases showed moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism (20%) compared to non-neoplastic cases which were monomorphic to mildly pleomorphic. None of the non-neoplastic cases exhibited frequent nuclear overlapping, nuclear grooving, or nucleoli which emphasizes the need for scrutiny of smears for these features. On image morphometry, cases with malignant outcome had larger nuclear area, perimeter, diameter, and nuclear density which were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The study illustrates the importance of identifying subtle cytomorphological features and usefulness of image morphometry as an adjunctive objective tool in AUS cases. This helps in making an accurate cytological diagnosis which guides the treating clinician regarding surgical management or need for clinical follow-up.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward oral health among frontline healthcare workers in India
Authors: Yadav Ankita , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Tandon Shourya , Chand Sachin
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

Oral health problems have become one of the most significant public health issues in India. Oral diseases can be controlled only if the services focus on primary healthcare and prevention. The role of frontline healthcare workers is crucial in management of oral health issues specially where there is a shortage of dentists. The Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) are those grassroots-level workers in India. Hence, the study was aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward oral health among AWW.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 218 AWWs in the Rewari District of Haryana, India. Data were gathered using a self-structured questionnaire. Questions included information related to dental caries, mother’s diet during pregnancy, and many other covariables.

Results:

A total of 218 AWW were part of the research. About 31.7% of AWW had an acceptable level of knowledge, whereas 74.3% showed a favorable attitude. The results showed potential for this group to be used to spread primary-level preventive messages related to good oral health.

Conclusion:

Good sensitization of this primary-level health workforce toward oral health can go a long way in transforming the KAPs of the rural population, too.
Transforming orthopedics: A glimpse into the future with artificial intelligence
Authors: Salman Loay A.
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has found numerous applications within the health-care domain, particularly in orthopedics, spanning from accurate image recognition and pre-operative planning to post-operative care and rehabilitation. Several studies have demonstrated the successful integration of AI models into osteoarthritis diagnosis and knee and hip arthroplasty. Despite promising advancements, ethical considerations demand careful attention. The future entails interdisciplinary collaboration to unlock the full potential of AI in reshaping orthopedic care.
Ganadería en pastizales naturales del Chaco Seco: ¿Cambia la vegetación herbácea entre dos pastizales con distintas presiones de pastoreo?
Authors: Cowper-Coles Patricio , Trigo Carolina B. , Andrade-Díaz María S. , Gómez Carlos , Tálamo Andrés
Published: October 2024

El pastoreo por ganado representa el mayor uso de la tierra a nivel global y ocasiona impactos que varían en función de la intensidad, la historia evolutiva y las condiciones ambientales locales. En el Chaco Seco, muchos pastizales fueron alterados por un manejo ganadero inadecuado, modificando la cobertura de especies que lo componen. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el posible efecto del pastoreo sobre la comunidad vegetal herbácea, para lo cual estimamos y comparamos la riqueza de especies, la cobertura vegetal de especies palatables, la composición de especies y la productividad primaria neta aérea (PPNA) de dos pastizales con diferente intensidad de uso ganadero del Parque Nacional Copo. Seleccionamos un pastizal con alta y otro con baja presión de pastoreo, y dos sitios por pastizal visitados en cinco fechas diferentes (dos de época seca y tres de época húmeda). Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias en la riqueza y composición de especies ni en la PPNA entre ambos pastizales. Sin embargo, sí hubo diferencias significativas (P=0.0009) en la cobertura de especies palatables, que fue mayor en el pastizal con baja presión. Estos cambios se asocian a un aumento en la cobertura de especies anuales, leñosas, tóxicas o no palatables en los pastizales con alta presión, alterando la comunidad vegetal sin cambiar los índices de riqueza y la composición. Por otro lado, la PPNA no varió entre ambos pastizales, posiblemente por la dominancia del aibe (Elionurus muticus), que no resulta consumida por el ganado en estadios fenológicos avanzados. Por lo tanto, la falta de cambios en la riqueza, la composición y la PPNA sugiere una potencial compatibilidad entre la ganadería y la conservación del área protegida, pero se recomienda monitorear la cobertura de las especies palatables en pastizales con altas presiones de uso ganadero por su riesgo de degradación.
Istotność doboru właściwego stylu zarządzania zespołem w odniesieniu do kompetencji pracowników
Authors: Michałek Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Artykuł omawia różne aspekty zarządzania w organizacji, skupiając się na stylach zarządzania, rozwijaniu kompetencji pracowników i znaczeniu kultury organizacyjnej. Wprowadza pojęcie indywidualnych stylów kierowania, podkreślając, że sukces w zarządzaniu zależy od właściwego doboru stylu w danej sytuacji. Przedstawia klasyfikacje stylów zarządzania i wskazuje na ewolucję tych koncepcji w czasie. Podkreślona jest rola komunikacji interpersonalnej we współczesnym zarządzaniu. Jako najlepszy wybór w nowoczesnych organizacjach wskazano styl partycypacyjny. Zwrócono uwagę na znaczenie rozwoju kompetencji pracowników i zaproponowano narzędzia do realizacji tego celu, takie jak kursy, szkolenia, coaching czy mentoring. W kolejnej części artykuł koncentruje się na znaczeniu kultury organizacyjnej w zarządzaniu. Przedstawione zostały różne metody badania kultury organizacyjnej. Zaznaczono, że zarządzanie poprzez kulturę organizacyjną jest jednym z dwóch głównych podejść do zarządzania.
Podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych jako istotne obciążenie podatkowe osób fizycznych prowadzących działalność gospodarczą
Authors: Grzywaczyńska Anna
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie elementów konstrukcji podatku dochodowego od osób fizycznych oraz przedstawienie dostępnych dla przedsiębiorców form opodatkowania prowadzonej działalności. W pierwszej kolejności wyjaśnione zostały podstawowe pojęcia dotyczące podatku dochodowego. W artykule omówione zostały także dostępne formy opodatkowania działalności gospodarczej: opodatkowanie na zasadach ogólnych, podatkiem liniowym oraz ryczałtem od przychodów ewidencjonowanych. Wspomniano również o opodatkowaniu w ramach karty podatkowej, która nie jest już dostępna, ale korzystać mogą z niej podmioty, które zaczęły być nią opodatkowane przed 2022 rokiem. Zawarto też informacje o ulgach i zwolnieniach podatkowych.
Wpływ sytuacji kryzysowej w gospodarce na przestępczość gospodarczą w Polsce na przykładzie pandemii COVID-19 w latach 2019–2022
Authors: Ratajczak Weronika , Turek Wiktoria
Published: October 2024

The article examines economic crime in Poland from 2019 to 2022, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It considers whether the pandemic influenced the rise in fraud, counterfeiting, and cybercrime during this period. The analysis of statistics shows a notable increase in such crimes, attributed to several factors. The pandemic destabilized the labour market, led to business closures, and intensified economic pressures, prompting companies to seek alternative means of staying competitive, which facilitated criminal activity. The study highlights the urgent need for effective preventive measures and enhanced cooperation between public and private sectors to protect businesses from cybercrime. It concludes with a call for strategies to secure the economy and ensure business stability in future crises.
Биологическое действие экстракта листьев стевии на обменные процессы мышей С57BL/6
Authors: Панова Э.В. , Зыкина Н.С. , Илюха В.В.
Published: October 2024

Цель исследования – изучение влияния хронического употребления экстракта листьев стевии (ЭЛС, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), широко применяемой как сахарозаменитель, на биохимические показатели крови и состояние внутренних органов половозрелых самок мышей (Mus musculus domesticus) линии C57BL/6. Методика. Животные были разделены на 3 группы: контрольную и 2 опытных, получавших водный раствор экстракта листьев стевии по 1 (допустимая суточная доза – ДСД) и 10 мг/г массы тела соответственно в течение 2-х мес. Результаты. Показано повышение общего холестерина, снижение триацилглицеридов (ТАГ) и глюкозы крови, без дозозависимого эффекта. Установлено снижение массы поджелудочной железы и печени, а также сердца исключительно в группе получавшей ДСД экстракта. В этой же группе наблюдалось увеличение массы почек и селезенки. Кроме того прием экстракта приводил к изменению цвета почек, селезенки и печени, а в некоторых случаях к гидронефротическим изменениям почек. Заключение. Таким образом, хроническое употребление ЭЛС оказывает как положительный, так и отрицательный эффект, что обуславливает необходимость более точного определения ДСД экстракта.

Aim: To study the effect of chronic treatment with stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaf extract (SLE), that is widely used as a sweetener, on blood biochemistry and the state of internal organs in sexually mature C57BL/6 female mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Methods. Animals were divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups. The mice received a SLE water solution at doses of one (permissible daily dose, PDD) and 10 mg/g of body weight, respectively, for two months. Results. The study showed an increase in total cholesterol and decreases in triacylglycerols and blood glucose without a dose-dependent effect. Decreases in the weight of the pancreas, liver, and heart were observed only in the group receiving the SLE at PDD. In the same group, increases in the weight of the kidneys and spleen were observed. Also, the SLE treatment resulted in discoloration of the kidneys, spleen and liver, and, in some cases, hydronephrotic changes in the kidneys. Conclusion. Thus, the chronic treatment with the SLE had both positive and negative effects, which necessitates a more accurate determination of the SLE PDD.
Опера как «политическая мистерия»: от «Леоноры» Бетховена (1805) к «Под жарким солнцем любви» (1975) Луиджи Ноно
Authors: Кириллина Л.В.
Published: October 2024

Выражение «политическая мистерия» принадлежит режиссеру Ю. П. Любимову, поставившему в 1975 году в Милане, в театре Ла Скала, оперу Луиджи Ноно «Под жарким солнцем любви». Оно вполне применимо и в единственной опере Бетховена, существующей в трех редакциях (1805, 1806, 1814) под двумя названиями: «Леонора» и «Фиделио». Бетховена, как и Ноно, можно назвать «ангажированным художником», то есть творцом, искренне выражающим в своих произведениях общественно значимые идеи. В операх обоих композиторов происходит сакрализация идеи самопожертвования и героизация женских образов, связанных с идеей спасения (Бетховен) и с идеей рождения нового мира (Ноно). Бетховен в содружестве со своими либреттистами (Й. Зонлейтнером, С. фон Брейнингом и Г. Ф. Трейчке) сознательно усилил в своем произведении черты мистерии, что вытекает из сравнительного анализа либретто «Леоноры» / «Фиделио» с первоисточником (пьеса Ж.-Н. Буйи, 1798) и написанной на тот же сюжет «Леонорой» Ф. Паэра (1804). Для Ноно тема мученичества и подвижничества также была одной из магистральных. Популярность оперы Бетховена в XX веке сделала ее явлением современного политического и даже публицистического театра. В этом смысле произведение Ноно выглядит как развитие бетховенской традиции

The expression "political mysterium" belongs to Yuri P. Lyubimov, who staged Luigi Nono's opera “Al gran sole carico d’ amore” in 1975 (Milan, La Scala). It is also quite applicable to Beethoven's only opera, which exists in three editions (1805, 1806, 1814) under two titles: "Leonore" and "Fidelio." Beethoven, like Nono, can be called an "engaged artist", whose creativity is inspired by socially important ideas. In the operas of both composers, we find the idea of self-sacrifice and the heroic treatment of female characters associated with the idea of salvation (Beethoven), and with the idea of the birth of a new world (Nono). Beethoven in collaboration with his librettists (J. Sonnleitner, S. von Breuning, G. F. Treitschke) deliberately intensified the features of mysterium in his work, as can be seen from a comparative analysis of the libretto of Leonora/Fidelio with the original source (a play by J.-N. Bouilly, 1798) and Ferdinando Paer’s “Leonora” written on the same subject (1804). For Nono, the theme of heroic martyrdom was also one of the main topics of his works. The popularity of Beethoven's opera in the twentieth century made it a phenomenon of modern political theatre. In this sense, Nono's work can be considered as a development of the Beethoven tradition
Концептуальная эклектика или декадентская неопрятность? Бернд Алоис Циммерман, его «ноу-хау» и его эпигоны
Authors: Акопян Л.О.
Published: October 2024

Альфред Шнитке (1971) объявил полистилистику перспективным методом «музыкально-драматургического воплощения “вечных” проблем — войны и мира, жизни и смерти». Иными словами, полистилистика, по сравнению со стилистической однородностью, предоставляет больше возможностей для идейно насыщенных, концептуальных высказываний или, перефразируя Владимира Набокова, для музыки «больших идей». Самым значительным предшественником Шнитке на ниве идеологически окрашенной полистилистики был Бернд Алоис Циммерман (1918–1970). В статье разбираются наиболее показательные опусы этого композитора с трагической судьбой. Эклектическое объединение разнородных стилистических идиом ради воплощения «больших идей» — своеобразное «ноу-хау» Циммермана, оплаченное, можно сказать, его жизнью и кровью. Многим другим композиторам оно же служило и продолжает служить удобным средством повышения коммуникабельности музыки и ее концептуальной содержательности за счет таких качеств, как чистота стиля и самодовлеющая, «внеассоциативная» (А. Шнитке) эстетическая привлекательность. Один из выдающихся адептов концептуально обоснованной полистилистики, Ханс Вернер Хенце (1926–2012), обозначил подобную творческую установку термином musica impura («нечистая музыка»). Подъем musica impura, резко активизировавшийся во второй половине шестидесятых, выявил идейный кризис большого авангарда и, с определенной точки зрения, может рассматриваться как симптом декаданса новой музыки. Эта точки зрения обосновывается соображениями из области семиотики

According to Alfred Schnittke (1971), ‘polystylistics’ is a promising method of ‘musical dramatization of “eternal” questions – of war and peace, life and death’. In other words, polystylistics, as compared with stylistic homogeneity, provides more opportunities for ideologically meaningful conceptual artistic utterances or, to paraphrase Vladimir Nabokov, for the music ‘of [Big] Ideas’. Schnittke’s most important precursor in the field of ideologically tinted polystylistics was Bernd Alois Zimmermann (1918–1970). The article examines some of the most prominent works of this ill-fated composer. The eclectic fusion of heterogeneous stylistic idioms as a method of conveying ‘Big Ideas’ was Zimmermann’s peculiar ‘know-how’, for which he had paid with his life and blood. To a number of other composers who came after him, it has served as a convenient technique of enhancing the music’s comprehensibility and conceptual weight at the expense of such qualities as stylistic purity and self-sufficient, ‘non-associative’ (A. Schnittke) aesthetic appeal. One of the outstanding champions of conceptually based polystylistics, Hans Werner Henze (1926–2012), termed such a creative attitude ‘musica impura’. The dramatic rise of ‘musica impura’ in the second half of the 1960s revealed the ideological crisis of the Great Avant-Garde and, from a certain point of view, can be regarded as a symptom of the decadence of Western art music. This point of view is substantiated by some semiotic arguments
К проблеме неоклассицизма в музыке XX века
Authors: Зенкин К.В.
Published: October 2024

Цель статьи – найти путь преодоления противоречий при определении границ предметного поля неоклассического стиля в музыке XX века, в частности, при решении особенно спорных вопросов об определении стилей Прокофьева и Шенберга. На основе анализа текстов отечественных и зарубежных музыковедов разных лет, констатирующих тенденцию к расширению круга композиторов-неоклассиков, предлагается рассматривать стили как стилевые поля, в рамках которых действие стилевого инварианта проявляется с различной силой. В качестве вывода предлагается рассматривать спорные случаи как принадлежащие различным, но соседним и накладывающимся друг на друга стилевым полям. Устанавливается принципиальная близость неоклассицизма неофольклоризму и фиксируется ряд других соседних стилевых полей: урбанизма, так называемого «конструктивизма», джаза, неоромантизма и др. Неоклассицизм межвоенного двадцатилетия XX века рассматривается как одна из конкретизаций стилевого поля антиромантического модернизма, логически сменившая «всплеск» первой волны авангарда 1910-х годов. Также устанавливается центральное положение Стравинского в стилевом поле неоклассицизма и дается обоснование этого факта в контексте смены генеральной парадигмы музыкального мышления

The purpose of the article is to find a way to overcome contradictions in defining the boundaries of the subject field of the neoclassical style in music of the 20th century, in particular, in solving the most controversial issues about the definition of the styles of Prokofiev and Schoenberg. Based on the analysis of texts by domestic and foreign musicologists of different years, stating the tendency to expand the circle of neoclassical composers, it is proposed to consider styles as stylistic fields within which the effect of the stylistic invariant manifests itself with varying force. As a conclusion, it is proposed to consider controversial cases as belonging to different, but neighboring and overlapping style fields. The fundamental proximity of neoclassicism to neofolclorism is established and a number of other neighboring stylistic fields are fixed: urbanism, so-called "constructivism", jazz, neo-romanticism, etc. The neoclassicism of the interwar twentieth century is considered as one of the concretizations of the stylistic field of anti-romantic modernism, which logically replaced the "surge" of the first wave of the avant-garde of the 1910s. It also establishes Stravinsky's central position in the stylistic field of neoclassicism and provides a justification for this fact in the context of a change in the general paradigm of musical thinking
Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation by Pyridyl Substituted Ferrocenes
Authors: Ahmed Md Estak , Staples Richard , Cundari Thomas , Warren Timothy
Published: October 2024

Ammonia (NH3) is a promising carbon-free fuel when prepared from sustainable resources. First-row transition metal electrocatalysts for ammonia oxidation are an enabling technology for sustainable energy production. We describe electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation using robust molecular complexes based on Earth-abundant iron. Electrochemical studies of ferrocenes with covalently attached pyridine arms reveal facile ammonia oxidation in DMSO (2.4 M NH3) with modest overpotentials (770 - 820 mV) and turnover frequencies (125 - 560 h-1). Experimental and compu-tational studies indicate that the pendant pyridyl base serves as an H-bond acceptor with an N-H bond of ammonia that transfers a proton to the pyridine following oxidation by the attached ferrocenium moiety in a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) step. This generates an amidyl (•NH2) radical stabilized via H-bonding to a pendant pyri-dinium moiety that rapidly dimerizes to hydrazine (H2NNH2), which is easily oxidized to nitrogen (N2) at the glassy carbon working electrode. This report identifies a general strategy to oxidize ammonia via H-bonding to a base (B:), thereby activating [B…H-NH2] towards PCET by a proximal oxidant to form [BH…NH2]+/• radical cations, which are sus-ceptible to dimerization to form easily oxidized hydrazine.
Acoustofluidic Chromatography for Extracellular Vesicle Enrichment from µL Blood Plasma Samples
Authors: Gerlt Michael , Laurell Thomas
Published: October 2024

We present a novel acoustofluidic chromatography platform for high-throughput nanoparticle trapping and enrichment, focusing on extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood plasma. The system consists of a packed bed of polystyrene beads within a rectangular glass capillary, acoustically excited by a piezoelectric element. Using fluorescent polystyrene particles (1.9 µm and 0.27 µm) as model nanoparticles, we characterized the device by evaluating its trapping efficiency across a frequency range of 0.45–4 MHz. Our results demonstrate efficient trapping of micro- and nanoscale particles, with increased efficiency at higher acoustic powers and lower flow rates. EV isolation from 4 µL of diluted blood plasma showed that abruptly increasing the flow rate during the release step significantly enhanced particle recovery, likely due to hydrodynamic effects. Nanoparticle tracking analysis confirmed the release of EVs at concentrations of ~2x10⁹ particles/mL, with low protein background suitable for downstream mass spectrometry. This platform offers a promising approach for nanoparticle trapping and EV enrichment with minimal sample volumes, presenting potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutic development. Future work will focus on optimizing bead materials and sizes for EV subpopulation separation and scaling the system for clinical use.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Dimers
Authors: Al-Jaaidi Ali , Toldo Josene M. , Barbatti Mario
Published: October 2024

Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have attracted attention for their potential applications in organic photovoltaics due to their tunable optical properties and charge-carrier mobilities. In this study, we investigate the excited-state dynamics of a DPP dimer using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Our results reveal a near-barrierless hydrogen migration state intersection that facilitates ultrafast internal conversion with a lifetime of about 400 fs, leading to fluorescence quenching. Electronic density analysis along the relaxation pathway confirms a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. These findings highlight the critical role of state intersections in the photophysical properties of DPP dimers, providing new insights for the design of functionalized DPP systems aimed at suppressing nonradiative decay for enhanced performance in photovoltaic applications.
Simple and Versatile Electrochemical Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2,1-Benzisoxazoles
Authors: Lenhard Marola S. , Winter Johannes , Sandvoß Alexander , de Jesús Gálvez-Vázquez María , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: October 2024

A sustainable, general and scalable electrochemical protocol for the direct access to 3-(acylamidoalkyl)-2,1-benzisoxazoles by cathodic reduction of widely accessible nitro arenes is established. The method is characterised by a simple undivided set-up under constant current conditions, inexpensive and reusable carbon-based electrodes, and environmentally benign reaction conditions. The versatility of the developed protocol is demonstrated on 38 highly diverse examples with up to 81% yield. A 50-fold scale-up electrolysis highlights its relevance for preparative applications.
Mechanistic insights into early stages of iron corrosion under electrochemical conditions: A DFT study
Authors: Arachchige Lakshitha Jasin , Chungqing Li , Wang Feng
Published: October 2024

Iron corrosion is a persistent issue across a wide range of industries, leading to both economic setbacks and safety concerns. This process is driven by electrochemical reactions that occur when the metal interacts with its surrounding environment. However, the complexity of electrochemical interfaces hinders good understanding for corrosion behaviour at the atomic scale. In this work, we employed grand canonical density functional theory (GC-DFT) along with a hybrid explicit and implicit solvation model to study the interactions between iron surface and its primary corrosive species, water and oxygen. The simulations revealed that the water molecules at the interface adopt specific orientations to achieve the optimal interactions with the surface. The GC-DFT simulations further revealed that the adsorption of water molecules strengthens at positive potentials, whereas atomic oxygen adsorption weakens under the same conditions. Moreover, water dissociation, the key step in iron corrosion, is found to be catalysed by the oxygens adsorbed on the O-bridge sites of the Fe(100) surface. The findings offer valuable insights into the initial stage electrochemical behaviour of water and oxygen on iron surfaces, contributing to a better understanding and prevention of iron corrosion.