bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Physical Education Model for 7-12th Graders
Authors: Yang Sheng-Kuang , Huang Yen-Chen , Lin Yi-Hsien
Published: February 2017

During physical, social support also affects the change in students’ attitude towards sports. Therefore, in order to propose suggestions for improving physical education, this study enrolled students participating in sports team in Taiwan as the research subjects and performed investigations them to develop the participation model for students in sports teams and provide constructive strategies according to it, in order to effectively improve students’ sports participation. According to the research conclusions, the goodness of fit of the overall measurement model is good, the convergent validity and discriminant validity are acceptable, and most of the relevant indices all meet the criteria. This study used path analysis to analyze the path coefficients among various variables, and discovered that all of the paths were significant. The potential variable that has the most significant influence on participation motivation is social support, namely, the influence of social support on participation motivation is more significant.
On the Production of Synonyms by Arabic-Speaking EFL Learners
Authors: Alanazi Majed
Published: February 2017

This study examines the productive knowledge of synonyms in English by 40 Saudi EFL learners. It also tests whether the participants’ English proficiency level plays a role in their production of English synonyms. To this end, the researcher designed a translation test to measure Saudi EFL learners’ ability to produce the correct synonym in contextualised English sentences. In order to test whether the English proficiency level of the participants influenced their production of English synonyms, the participants were divided, on the basis of their scores on the Oxford Placement Test, into two groups: 20 Advanced Learners (ALs) and 20 Intermediate Learners (ILs). The answers of the two groups on the translation test, i.e., the ALs and ILs were compared to check whether their English proficiency level played a role on their answers. A Chi-square test was employed to determine whether the differences between the ALs and ILs on the test were statistically significant. The results show that the number of correct answers provided by ALs was higher than that provided by ILs, suggesting that their English proficiency level may have played a role in their answers. The study suggested that the main sources of error were L1 interference, lack of focus on the acquisition of vocabulary in schools in Saudi Arabia, lack of knowledge of some English lexical items, lack of awareness of the different nuances of meaning between the synonyms in English and lack of knowledge with English collocations. Finally, the study concludes with some recommendations for further research.
The Social Media-Based Approach in Teaching Writing at Jember University, Indonesia
Authors: Salikin Hairus , Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar Bin
Published: February 2017

In the last of few years, the use of social media has become the main topic in teaching and learning, but by the rapid development of technology, there must be a shift of students’ interest in employment the media. Thus, this research aimed to reveal; (1) Do the use of social media improve the EFL students’ writing skill; and (2) What factors affect the EFL students’ writing achievement. This research employed experimental design. The respondent of the current research were two classes of third semester EFL students at the University of Jember. In collecting data, the researchers used writing test, interview, and observation. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The researchers found that; 1) The use of social media did not significantly improve the students’ writing skill, and 2) There were some specific factors that hindered the students; achievement in writing descriptive text.
An Analysis of Errors in Writing Skill of Adult Iranian EFL Learners Preparing for the IELTS
Authors: Pouladian Nima , Bagheri Mohammad Sadegh , Sadighi Firooz
Published: February 2017

This study sought to examine the sort, frequency, and sources of writing wrongs committed by adult Iranian EFL students. To score the participants’ written essays and speaking interviews, the four criteria specified for the IELTS Speaking and Writing Band Scores (British Council, 2014) were taken into consideration. The study also tried to comparatively analyze the error categories made by men and women learners regarding the type and frequency of their linguistic errors. To gather the information, from the population of faculty members at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS) in Bandarabbas, Iran, 100 adults, both male and female, with their age ranging from 31 to 52, were selected using convenient sampling. Based on their previous IELTS band scores ranging from 4 to 6, the members are separated into three groups.The results of data analysis revealed that verb tense was the very common grammatical mistake done by members in all three groups. For the cohesion and coherence and lexical sub-categories, relative clauses and incorrect use of target lexical item were regarded as the most common categories of errors. Outcomes of Chi-Square analyses also showed substantial differences among errors committed by participants in different groups. Finally, the comparison between male and female participants’ errors revealed that male participants made both written and spoken errors more than females. According to the results, recommendations, and any suggestions that are of importance to teachers and policymakers as well as to EFL learners are presented in detail.
Comparative phylogeography of bamboo bats of the genus Tylonycteris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southeast Asia
Authors: Tu Vuong Tan , Csorba Gábor , Ruedi Manuel , Furey Neil M. , Son Nguyen Truong , Thong Vu Dinh , Bonillo Céline , Hassanin Alexandre
Published: February 2017

In Southeast Asia, bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872 have traditionally been classified into two wide-ranging species, T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915. Our comparative phylogeographic analyses based on two mitochondrial and seven nuclear genes, combined with our multivariate morphological analyses, show that these species actually represent cryptic species complexes that share a similar biogeographic history in three major regions, i.e., Sundaland, southern Indochina, and northern Indochina. Our molecular dating estimates suggest that Pleistocene climatic oscillations and sea level changes have repeatedly isolated ancestral populations of Tylonycteris spp. in distant bamboo forest refugia. The analyses indicate, however, that populations of the T. pachypus complex were less affected by forest fragmentation in mainland Southeast Asia than those of the T. robustula complex. Accordingly, we propose several taxonomic changes within the genus Tylonycteris: the species T. fulvida and T. malayana are revalidated, and a new species, T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi & Hassanin sp. nov., endemic to northern Indochina, is described.
Is Rectosigmoid Vaginoplasty Still Useful?
Authors: Kim Seok-Kwun , Park Ji-Woen , Lim Kwang-Ryeol , Lee Keun-Cheol
Published: February 2017

Background The ideal vaginoplasty must be successful functionally as well as have a natural appearance, and also must retain its functionality and appearance over the long term. Conventional vaginoplasty techniques have functional limitations and are associated with recurrent complications, but rectosigmoid vaginoplasty is known to have a high satisfaction rate due to its functional similarity with the vagina. We conducted the present study to assess the usability of rectosigmoid vaginoplasty over the course of long-term follow-up.

Methods From March 1992 to February 2014, 84 patients were treated with rectosigmoid vaginoplasty; 44 had gender identity disorder, 29 had vaginal agenesis, 8 had female pseudohermaphroditism, and 3 had gynecologic malignancies after radical pelvic surgery. This retrospective study was based on a review of the patients' records, clinical examinations, complications, and questionnaires about appearance, function, and sexual intercourse.

Results All patients who underwent rectosigmoid vaginoplasty were discharged within 2 weeks without surgical flap loss. The early complications were partial flap necrosis, difficulty in defecation, mucous hypersecretion, and postoperative ileus. The late complications were vaginal introitus contracture, vaginal prolapse, and difficulty in urination. The mean length and diameter of the neovagina 3.4 years after rectosigmoid vaginoplasty were 13.2 cm and 3.8 cm, respectively. On questionnaires about satisfaction, 70% of patients reported excellent satisfaction, 11% good, 12% fair, and 7% poor.

Conclusions Rectosigmoid vaginoplasty is useful, safe, and well-accepted operative method with good functional and cosmetic results, such as natural lubrication and adequate vaginal length and width obtained without requiring the use of a dilator.
Analysis of Bone Fixation Methods in Digital Replantation
Authors: Lee Seung Woo , Lee Dong Chul , Kim Jin Soo , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: February 2017

Background Adequate fixation of replanted digits is essential not only for short-term healing but for long-term function. Various bony fixation methods using Kirschner (K-) and intraosseous wire are available in replantation. We examined clinical and radiographic outcomes of fixation methods on bone union after digital replantation.

Methods A single institutional retrospective review identified 992 patients who had undergone 1,247 successful replantations between July 2009 and September 2015. Exclusion criteria included amputations of the distal phalanx, comminuted fractures, and intra-articular fractures. Patients were classified according to 5 categories of fixation methods: single K-wire, double longitudinal K-wires, cross K-wires, wire with, and wire without K-wire support. Bone union was evaluated by 5-month postoperative X-ray and fixation outcomes were compared across the 5 groups.

Results The exclusion criteria were applied, and 88 patients with 103 replanted digits remained for analysis. Single K-wire fixation was used in 40 digits, double longitudinal K-wires in 30, and cross fixation in 14. Wire with and without K-wire support was required in 15 and 4 digits. Nonunion was observed in 32 digits (31.1%), of which 13 required additional operations such as bone graft or corrective osteotomy. The highest percent of nonunion was observed after cross fixation (35.7%) and the lowest after wire alone (25.0%).

Conclusions In this study, contrary to general knowledge, we found that single K-wire fixation was not associated with poorer outcomes. Successful bone union outcomes may be achieved by careful selection of bone fixation methods. This study provides useful information for planning bone fixation in digital replantation.
Changes in Eyebrow Position and Movement with Aging
Authors: Park Jeongseob , Yun Sangho , Son Daegu
Published: February 2017

Background This study evaluated dynamic changes in eyebrow position related to aging.

Methods Female participants were recruited and separated into two groups aged 20–30 years (the younger group, n=20; mean age, 24.8 years) and 50–70 years (the older group, n=20; mean age, 55.8 years). Photogrammetry was used to determine the eyebrow position at the medial canthus (MC), lateral limbus, lateral canthus, and lateral end point (EP) for 6 actions: smooth opening (the reference action) and closing of the eye, forward gaze, maximum opening and closing of the eye, and maximum frown. Videos were also recorded.

Results No differences in eyebrow position were detected at the MC when opening or closing the eyes smoothly, gazing straight ahead, or closing the eyes maximally. For all 6 actions, the position of the lateral EP in the older group was significantly lower than in the younger group (P=0.003), and the smallest degree of vertical movement at this point was found in both age groups (P<0.001). Vertical movement at the 4 landmarks of the eyebrows decreased with aging.

Conclusions Eyebrow position was unchanged at the MC with aging, except at maximal eye opening and maximal frown. No differences in eyebrow position were observed between the younger and older groups when eyes were maximally closed, except at the EP. It is important to focus on correction of the lateral EP for periorbital rejuvenation.
Herpes Zoster Lesions on Reconstructed Breast Skin: Rare Objective Proof of Reinervation
Authors: Weitgasser Laurenz , Valina Stephan Wolfgang , Schoeller Thomas , Ehebruster Gudrun
Published: February 2017

Blazed up Herpes zoster lesions have been described in very few patients after free and pedicled flap transfer for reconstructive purpose. Although sensory recovery after flap reconstructions has been studied extensively most studies addressed subjective perceptions of sensation. Objective investigations of spontaneous reinervation of free and pedicled flaps are rare. We would like to present a witnessed herpes zoster infection of a latissimus dorsi skin flap 2 years after breast reconstruction.
Simulation of Recovery of Aroma Compound from Aqueous Solutions by Batch Pervaporation Coupled with Permeate Decantation and Water Phase Recycle
Authors: Mujiburohman Muhammad , Feng Xianshe
Published: February 2017

In this work, the dynamic (batch) models of recovery of low soluble aroma compounds from aqueous solutions by pervaporation coupled with permeate decantation and water phase recycle was derived and simulated. The model was run to simulate the pervaporation of propyl propionate-water separation using PEBA membrane. The effect of two parametric models (i.e. ratio of feed mass over membrane area (F0/Am) and the aroma solubility in water) on the aroma compound recovery was studied. As compared to the conventional pervaporation, the application of water phase recycle was known to be able to enhance the recovery of aroma compounds in various extents, depending on the operating time and aroma solubility. The larger membrane area used (or smaller (F0/Am)) did not affect the maximum aroma compound recovery, but only shortened the operating time. For the aroma solubility of 0.56, 1, and 5 wt.%, referring to the optimum operating time in the conventional mode, the extent of improvement in recovery can be around 7, 10 and 16%, respectively. The modified pervaporation process also offered another advantage that the process would not be strictly restricted by the operating time due to permanent increase in cumulative mass of aroma compound recovered in the product.
Tendenser inden for den nyere fagsprogsforskning i Danmark
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Engberg Jan
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Sluthilsener i franske forretningsbreve
Authors: Hermann Helle
Published: February 2017

This presentation is based on and continues a previous study dealing with linguistic politeness in business correspondence (Danish/French). On the basis of J.R. Searle’s theory of speech acts, H.P. Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, French complimentary closes are analyzed. The paper presents a pilot study which looks at recommendations given by textbooks as well as closes in authen-tic business correspondence. The study has three aims. One aim is to establish the degree to which textbook recommendations differ, the second is to present an outline of any divergences between recommendations and linguistic behaviour as evidenced in a corpus of authentic French business correspondence. The third aim of the study is to provide the Danish correspondent with some guidelines, based on the theory of face and politeness strategies, which will hopefully permit him or her to choose complimentary closes in agreement with the conventions which seem to apply to French business cor-respondence.
The hypertext-based grammar - or the grammar of tomorrow
Authors: Johnsen Lars
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Konkurentnost ekonomije Republike Srpske u odnosu na ekonomije zemalja u tranziciji
Authors: Vukadinović Predrag
Published: February 2017

Informatička ekonomija (IE) je odlika i karakteristika razvijenih ekonomija. Ova karakteristika je rezultat razvoja informatičkih i telekomunikacionih tehnologija i njihovih primena u ekonomskim aktivnostima. Za pojam informatička ekonomija u literaturi i istraživanja koristi se i termin nova ekonomija. Ovaj novi oblik ekonomije u odnosu na industrijsku ekonomiju (u literaturi se može sresti i termin stara ekonomija) za svoj razvoj podrazumeva i razvoj i promene određenih preduslova koji zadiru ne samo u ekonomsku sferu društvenog života. Činjenica je da informatička-nova ekonomija povećava konkurentnost ekonomije u meri u kojoj je i sama razvijena. Zato, je konkurentnost ekonomija jedan od najznačajnijih ciljeva primene informatičke-nove ekonomije ali istovremeno i šansa i mogućnost za dalji razvoj. U ovom radu sprovedeno je istraživanje konkurentnosti ekonomije Republike Srpske u odnosu na ekonomije zemalja u tranziciji, primenjujući globalni indeks konkurentnosti (Global Competitivenes Index) koji je baziran, za potrebe ovog rada na određenom broju komponenti, odnosno faktora konkurentnosti.
Analiza sistematskih poremećaja sa procenom slučajnih odstupanja trajektorije projektila
Authors: Regodić Dušan B. , Jerković Damir D.
Published: February 2017

U radu je izvršena analiza sistematskih poremećaja metodom razlike u odnosu na verovatna odstupanja početnih uslova leta projektila. Rezultati proračuna sistematskih odstupanja su poslužila za realizaciju predikcije slučajnih odstupanja trajektorije leta projektila. Razmatrani su slučajevi odstupanja dela početnih uslova leta u odnosu na simulaciju leta projektila po modelu materijalne tačke u vertikalnoj ravni. Model aerodinamičkog opterećenja je sveden na aksijalni aerodinamički otpor za slučaj osnosimetričnog opstrujavanja tela. Rezultati sistematskih odstupanja i predikcija rezultata slučajnih odstupanja, u odnosu na raspoložive referentne eksperimentalne vrednosti odstupanja, pokazala su opravdanu mogućnost predviđanja ovih karakteristika sa velikim nivoom pouzdanosti. Neposredni rezultati proračuna su dobijeni kroz samostalni seminarski rad studenata osnovnih akademskih studija, korišćenjem programskih kodova posredstvom portala za učenje na daljinu (moodle platforme) Vojne akademije Beograd i Fakulteta inženjerskih nauka u Kragujevcu.
Ocenjivanje sajtova za E-kupovinu u Srbiji upotrebom AHP-TOPSIS metoda
Authors: Stojanović Milan , Regodić Dušan
Published: February 2017

U doba informacione tehnologije i brzog razvoja interneta, javlja se i trend rasta e-poslovanja i očekuje se da će ovaj trend biti nastavljen. Kupovina preko interneta je jeftin i efikasan način kupovine proizvoda. Trgovina preko interneta se smatra najprofitabilnijim oblikom trgovine. Cilj istraživanja je da se definiše skup kriterijuma koji bitno utiču na kvalitet web sajtova i određivanje njihovog relativnog značaja sa stanovišta potrošača. Primarni ciljevi su identifikacija, kvalifikacija, kategorizacija i rangiranje ovih faktora. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među korisnicima sajtova za e-kupovinu pomoću upitnika u kojem su korisnici davali procene o važnosti pojedinih kriterijuma. Ocenjivano 8 sajtova za kupovinu različitih roba a broj kriterijuma čiji je uticaj ocenjivan je 6. U istraživanju je predloženo i primenjeno ocenjivanje težina kriterijuma pomoću AHP a nakon toga su ovi rezultati iskorišćeni kako bi se TOPSIS metodom dobio konačni poredak sajtova.
Unreal Engine platforma za razvoj edukativnih video igara
Authors: Savanović Nikola , Šarac Marko , Stamenković Dušan , Adamović Saša
Published: February 2017

U ovom istraživačkom radu bavimo se temom koja je vezana za razvijanje igara u okruženju Unreal Engine 4 platforme. Platforma obezbeđuje više dodatnih alata za razvoj video igara sa fleksibilnim interfejsima pogodnim za primenu u edukativnim svrhama na svim nivoima obrazovanja. Rad sadrži uvod u radno okruženje, testirane i preporučene alate koji su podobni za razvoj video igara sa svim kolaborativnim elementima zahtevanim u savremenim pristupima učenja. Na ovaj način, ukazali smo na platformu koja je podrška budućim trendovima učenja za primenu u tradicionalnim rutinama, metodologiji i predmetnim silabusima.
Višekriterijumsko odlučivanje u primeni obnovljivih izvora energije za proizvodnju električne energije
Authors: Jovanović Dejan , Regodić Dušan
Published: February 2017

Razmatranje obnovljivih izvora energije kao izvora za proizvodnju električne energije, kojima se Republika Srbija obavezala međunarodnim sporazumima i zaključcima Vlade Republike Srbije zahteva pristup koji će omogućiti analizu koja obuhvata različite faktore i aktere. PROMETHEE metod kao matematički model za donošenje odluka je jedno od idealnih načina kada je potrebno da se napravi rangiranje scenarija prema određenim kriterijumima u zavisnosti na koga se rangiranje primenjuje. Ovaj rad predstavlja različite scenarije čije rangiranje se vrši prema definisanim kriterijumima i težinskim koeficijenima za svaku od zainteresovanih strana.
Mogućnosti razvoja sportskog turizma
Authors: Vujić Tatjana
Published: February 2017

Tradicionalni oblik turizma ''sunca i mora''bio je glavno obilježje putovanja u cilju odmora, zabave, zdravljai uživanja, do prije nekoliko decenija. Popularne primorskedestinacije bila su odredišta dužih pojedinačnih ili masovnoorganizovanih odmora. Nove tendencije u razvoju turizma ispecifični zahtjevi turista, mijenjaju doskorašnja obilježja samotivima i sadržajima aktivnog odmora. Razvijanjem specifičnihoblika turizma – tematskog turizma (u koji svrstavamo i sportskiturizam) savremena industrija turizma i putovanja dobijaju novasvojstva. Posjete sportskim događajima sve češće su razlozi zakraće odmore, ali isto tako i način rada i života savremenogčovjeka, uslovljeni razvojem tehnike, tehnologije i tržišta odredilisu potrebu za sportsko-rekreativnim programima u turizmu.Zbog svoje opšte popularnosti, sport je doživio svoj procvat i uekonomskom smislu, kroz razvoj sportske industrije. U radu seposebna pažnja posvećuje mjestu koje ima sportski turizam uukupnoj turističkoj ponudi Republike Srpske, kao i prijedlozi zanjegovu afirmaciju u globalnim okvirima.
Speed and segmentation control mechanisms characterized in rhythmically-active circuits created from spinal neurons produced from genetically-tagged embryonic stem cells
Authors: Sternfeld Matthew J , Hinckley Christopher A , Moore Niall J , Pankratz Matthew T , Hilde Kathryn L , Driscoll Shawn P , Hayashi Marito , Amin Neal D , Bonanomi Dario , Gifford Wesley D , Sharma Kamal , Goulding Martyn , Pfaff Samuel L
Published: February 2017

Flexible neural networks, such as the interconnected spinal neurons that control distinct motor actions, can switch their activity to produce different behaviors. Both excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) spinal neurons are necessary for motor behavior, but the influence of recruiting different ratios of E-to-I cells remains unclear. We constructed synthetic microphysical neural networks, called circuitoids, using precise combinations of spinal neuron subtypes derived from mouse stem cells. Circuitoids of purified excitatory interneurons were sufficient to generate oscillatory bursts with properties similar to in vivo central pattern generators. Inhibitory V1 neurons provided dual layers of regulation within excitatory rhythmogenic networks - they increased the rhythmic burst frequency of excitatory V3 neurons, and segmented excitatory motor neuron activity into sub-networks. Accordingly, the speed and pattern of spinal circuits that underlie complex motor behaviors may be regulated by quantitatively gating the intra-network cellular activity ratio of E-to-I neurons.
Acoustic monitoring indicates a correlation between calling and spawning in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)
Authors: Montie Eric W. , Hoover Matt , Kehrer Christopher , Yost Justin , Brenkert Karl , O’Donnell Tim , Denson Michael R.
Published: February 2017

Background

Fish sound production is widespread throughout many families. Territorial displays and courtship are the most common reasons for fish sound production. Yet, there is still some questions on how acoustic signaling and reproduction are correlated in many sound-producing species. In the present study, our aim was to determine if a quantitative relationship exists between calling and egg deposition in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). This type of data is essential if passive acoustics is to be used to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor reproductive activity over annual and decadal timeframes.

Methods

Acoustic recorders (i.e., DSG-Oceans) were placed in three laboratory tanks to record underwater sound over an entire, simulated reproductive season. We enumerated the number of calls, calculated the received sound pressure level, and counted the number of eggs every morning in each tank.

Results

Spotted seatrout produced three distinct call types characterized as “drums,” “grunts,” and “staccatos.” Spotted seatrout calling increased as the light cycle shifted from 13.5 to 14.5 h of light, and the temperature increased to 27.7 °C. Calling decreased once the temperature fell below 27.7 °C, and the light cycle shifted to 12 h of light. These temperature and light patterns followed the natural reproductive season observed in wild spotted seatrout in the Southeast United States. Spotted seatrout exhibited daily rhythms in calling. Acoustic signaling began once the lights turned off, and calling reached maximum activity approximately 3 h later. Eggs were released only on evenings in which spotted seatrout were calling. In all tanks, spotted seatrout were more likely to spawn when male fish called more frequently. A positive relationship between SPL and the number of eggs collected was found in Tanks 1 and 3.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that acoustic metrics can predict spawning potential. These findings are important because plankton tows may not accurately reflect spawning locations since egg capture is likely affected by predator activity and water currents. Instead, passive acoustics could be used to monitor spotted seatrout reproduction. Future studies can use this captive study as a model to record the estuarine soundscape precisely over long time periods to better understand how human-made stressors (e.g., climate change, noise pollution, and chemical pollutants) may affect spawning patterns.
Pattern analysis of total item score and item response of the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) in a nationally representative sample of US adults
Authors: Tomitaka Shinichiro , Kawasaki Yohei , Ide Kazuki , Akutagawa Maiko , Yamada Hiroshi , Yutaka Ono , Furukawa Toshiaki A.
Published: February 2017

Background

Several recent studies have shown that total scores on depressive symptom measures in a general population approximate an exponential pattern except for the lower end of the distribution. Furthermore, we confirmed that the exponential pattern is present for the individual item responses on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). To confirm the reproducibility of such findings, we investigated the total score distribution and item responses of the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) in a nationally representative study.

Methods

Data were drawn from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), which comprises four subsamples: (1) a national random digit dialing (RDD) sample, (2) oversamples from five metropolitan areas, (3) siblings of individuals from the RDD sample, and (4) a national RDD sample of twin pairs. K6 items are scored using a 5-point scale: “none of the time,” “a little of the time,” “some of the time,” “most of the time,” and “all of the time.” The pattern of total score distribution and item responses were analyzed using graphical analysis and exponential regression model.

Results

The total score distributions of the four subsamples exhibited an exponential pattern with similar rate parameters. The item responses of the K6 approximated a linear pattern from “a little of the time” to “all of the time” on log-normal scales, while “none of the time” response was not related to this exponential pattern.

Discussion

The total score distribution and item responses of the K6 showed exponential patterns, consistent with other depressive symptom scales.
Origin of geochemical mantle components: Role of spreading ridges and thermal evolution of mantle
Authors: Kimura Jun‐Ichi , Gill James B. , van Keken Peter E. , Kawabata Hiroshi , Skora Susanne
Published: February 2017

We explore the element redistribution at mid‐ocean ridges (MOR) using a numerical model to evaluate the role of decompression melting of the mantle in Earth's geochemical cycle, with focus on the formation of the depleted mantle component. Our model uses a trace element mass balance based on an internally consistent thermodynamic‐petrologic computation to explain the composition of MOR basalt (MORB) and residual peridotite. Model results for MORB‐like basalts from 3.5 to 0 Ga indicate a high mantle potential temperature (Tp) of 1650–1500°C during 3.5–1.5 Ga before decreasing gradually to ∼1300°C today. The source mantle composition changed from primitive (PM) to depleted as Tp decreased, but this source mantle is variable with an early depleted reservoir (EDR) mantle periodically present. We examine a two‐stage Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotopic evolution of mantle residues from melting of PM or EDR at MORs. At high‐Tp (3.5–1.5 Ga), the MOR process formed extremely depleted DMM. This coincided with formation of the majority of the continental crust, the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, and the enriched mantle components formed at subduction zones and now found in OIB. During cooler mantle conditions (1.5–0 Ga), the MOR process formed most of the modern ocean basin DMM. Changes in the mode of mantle convection from vigorous deep mantle recharge before ∼1.5 Ga to less vigorous afterward is suggested to explain the thermochemical mantle evolution.
Elevation change and stability on a prograding delta
Authors: Wagner Wayne , Lague Dimitri , Mohrig David , Passalacqua Paola , Shaw John , Moffett Kevan
Published: February 2017

Coastal wetland systems are among the most dynamic landscapes on Earth's surface; however, interrelated processes create wetland platforms that are relatively constant in space and time. Theoretically, “stable” elevations should maintain themselves through time if the balance of processes creating that elevation remains unchanged. At Louisiana's prograding Wax Lake Delta, we measure landscape change between 2009 and 2013, quantifying volumetric changes to the delta, subaerial slope adjustment, and an equilibrium elevation of 0.56 m North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (where elevation change, on average, is zero), around which elevations fluctuate. We calculate a system average “equilibrium time scale” of 16 years to describe how long locations will take to approach the stable elevation. This time scale increases as a function of distance from channel edge. Peaks in elevation probability density functions can form for multiple reasons and do not require stability; e.g., peaks can temporarily form at elevations where elevation change rate is locally minimum.
Sensitivity of the summertime tropical Atlantic precipitation distribution to convective parameterization and model resolution in ECHAM6
Authors: Siongco Angela Cheska , Hohenegger Cathy , Stevens Bjorn
Published: February 2017

A realistic simulation of the tropical Atlantic precipitation distribution remains a challenge for atmospheric general circulation models, owing to their too coarse resolution that makes it necessary to parameterize convection. During boreal summer, models tend to underestimate the northward shift of the tropical Atlantic rain belt, leading to deficient precipitation over land and an anomalous precipitation maximum over the west Atlantic ocean. In this study, the model ECHAM6 is used to test the sensitivity of the precipitation biases to convective parameterization and horizontal resolution. Two sets of sensitivity experiments are performed. In the first set of experiments, modifications are applied to the convection scheme in order to investigate the relative roles of the trigger, entrainment, and closure formulations. In the second set, the model is run at high resolution with low‐resolution boundary conditions in order to identify the relative contributions of a high‐resolution atmosphere, orography, and surface. Results show that the dry bias over land in the model can be reduced by weakening the entrainment rate over land. Over ocean, it is found that the anomalous precipitation maximum occurs because of model choices that decrease the sensitivity of convection to the monsoon circulation in the east Atlantic. A reduction of the west Atlantic precipitation bias can be achieved by (i) using a moisture convergence closure, (ii) increasing the resolution of orography, or (iii) enhancing the production of deep convection in the east Atlantic. The biases over land and over ocean do not impact each other.
The effects of spatial resolution and dimensionality on modeling regional‐scale hydraulics in a multichannel river
Authors: Altenau Elizabeth H. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Bates Paul D. , Neal Jeffrey C.
Published: February 2017

As modeling capabilities at regional and global scales improve, questions remain regarding the appropriate process representation required to accurately simulate multichannel river hydraulics. This study uses the hydrodynamic model LISFLOOD‐FP to simulate patterns of water surface elevation (WSE), depth, and inundation extent across a ∼90 km, anabranching reach of the Tanana River, Alaska. To provide boundary conditions, we collected field observations of bathymetry and WSE during a 2 week field campaign in summer 2013. For the first time at this scale, we test a simple, raster‐based model's capabilities to simulate 2‐D, in‐channel patterns of WSE and inundation extent. Additionally, we compare finer resolution (≤25 m) 2‐D models to four other models of lower dimensionality and coarser resolution (100–500 m) to determine the effects of simplifying process representation. Results indicate that simple, raster‐based models can accurately simulate 2‐D, in‐channel hydraulics in the Tanana. Also, the fine‐resolution, 2‐D models produce lower errors in spatiotemporal outputs of WSE and inundation extent compared to coarse‐resolution, 1‐D models: 22.6 cm versus 56.4 cm RMSE for WSE, and 90% versus 41% Critical Success Index values for simulating inundation extent. Incorporating the anabranching channel network using subgrid representations for smaller channels is important for simulating accurate hydraulics and lowers RMSE in spatially distributed WSE by at least 16%. As a result, better representation of the converging and diverging multichannel network by using subgrid solvers or downscaling techniques in multichannel rivers is needed to improve errors in regional to global‐scale models.
Hydro‐geomorphic perturbations on the soil‐atmosphere CO2exchange: How (un)certain are our balances?
Authors: Dialynas Yannis G. , Bras Rafael L. , deB. Richter Daniel
Published: February 2017

Attempts to estimate the influence of erosion on the carbon (C) cycle are limited by difficulties in accounting for the fate of mobilized organic material and for the uncertainty associated with land management practices. This study proposes a method to quantify the uncertainty introduced by the influence of land management on soil organic C (SOC) generation and decomposition at eroding soils. The framework is implemented in tRIBS‐ECO (Triangulated Irregular Network‐based Real‐time Integrated Basin Simulator‐Erosion and Carbon Oxidation). tRIBS‐ECO is a spatially and depth‐explicit model of C dynamics coupled with a process‐based hydro‐geomorphic model. We assess the impact of soil erosion on the net soil‐atmosphere CO2exchange at the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory, one of the most severely agriculturally eroded regions in the U.S. Measurements of SOC storage are used from different catena positions. We demonstrate that the spatiotemporal variations of land management practices introduce significant uncertainty in estimates of the erosion‐induced CO2exchange with the atmosphere. Observations and simulations suggest that a substantial portion of eroded organic material is buried in alluvial sediments at the study site. According to results, recent reforestation led to a partial decline in soil and SOC erosion rates. It is suggested that the representation of the fine spatiotemporal variability of the dynamics of eroded C is important in the computation of C budgets in regional and global scales.
Impact of Moving From a Widespread to Multisite Pain Definition on Other Fibromyalgia Symptoms
Authors: Dean Linda E. , Arnold Lesley , Crofford Leslie , Bennett Robert , Goldenberg Don , Fitzcharles Mary‐Ann , Paiva Eduardo S. , Staud Roland , Clauw Dan , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Jones Gareth T. , Ayorinde Abimbola , Flüß Elisa , Beasley Marcus , Macfarlane Gary J.
Published: February 2017

Objective

To investigate whether associations between pain and the additional symptoms associated with fibromyalgia are different in persons with chronic widespread pain (CWP) compared to multisite pain (MSP), with or without joint areas.

Methods

Six studies were used: 1958 British birth cohort, Epidemiology of Functional Disorders, Kid Low Back Pain, Managing Unexplained Symptoms (Chronic Widespread Pain) in Primary Care: Involving Traditional and Accessible New Approaches, Study of Health and its Management, and Women's Health Study (WHEST; females). MSP was defined as the presence of pain in ≥8 body sites in adults (≥10 sites in children) indicated on 4‐view body manikins, conducted first to include joints (positive joints) and second without (negative joints). The relationship between pain and fatigue, sleep disturbance, somatic symptoms, and mood impairment was assessed using logistic regression. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

There were 34,818 participants across the study populations (adults age range 42–56 years, male 43–51% [excluding WHEST], and CWP prevalence 12–17%). Among those reporting MSP, the proportion reporting CWP ranged between 62% and 76%. Among those reporting the symptoms associated with fibromyalgia, there was an increased likelihood of reporting pain, the magnitude of which was similar regardless of the definition used. For example, within WHEST, reporting moderate/severe fatigue (Chalder fatigue scale 4–11) was associated with a >5‐fold increase in likelihood of reporting pain (CWP OR 5.2 [95% CI 3.9–6.9], MSP–positive joints OR 6.5 [95% CI 5.0–8.6], and MSP–negative joints OR 6.5 [95% CI 4.7–9.0]).

Conclusion

This large‐scale study demonstrates that regardless of the pain definition used, the magnitude of association between pain and other associated symptoms of fibromyalgia is similar. This finding supports the continued collection of both when classifying fibromyalgia, but highlights the fact that pain may not require to follow the definition outlined within the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria.
Self‐Aligned Trapping and Detecting Molecules Using a Plasmonic Tweezer with an Integrated Electrostatic Cell
Authors: Yan Zhongbo , Xia Ming , Zhang Pei , Xie Ya‐Hong
Published: February 2017

Surface plasmonic tweezers and electrostatic forces can be employed as complementary methods for trapping and detecting molecules with high sensitivity and selectivity. The hotspots—localized regions of highly concentrated electromagnetic fields with large gradients—give rise to both the plasmonic tweezer effect and the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. So naturally, combining plasmonic tweezers and SERS makes for an ideal label‐free method for trapping and detecting molecules. Here, the trapping effect of the plasmonic tweezer is demonstrated by using the unique graphene–Au pyramid hybrid platform. While very powerful, the force associated with plasmonic tweezers is a short‐range effect (<50 nm from the spot of peak intensity). The electrostatic force, on the other hand, has long‐range interaction extending to beyond micrometers, which can guide molecules toward the hotspots. The authors present experimental evidence showing the combination of plasmonic tweezers and electrostatic forces by using an integrated electrostatic cell. Using the combined platform, trapping of single molecules in dilute solution is observed. These observations indicate a new approach for enhancing SERS sensitivity. It also offers a realistic possibility for precisely positional control of biomolecules, allowing the study of the properties of single biomolecules.
Validation of the acute leukemia‐EBMT score for prediction of mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a multi‐center GITMO cohort
Authors: Shouval Roni , Bonifazi Francesca , Fein Joshua , Boschini Cristina , Oldani Elena , Labopin Myriam , Raimondi Roberto , Sacchi Nicoletta , Dabash Osamah , Unger Ron , Mohty Mohamad , Rambaldi Alessandro , Nagler Arnon
Published: February 2017

Predictive models may help in determining the risk/benefit ratio of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in acute leukemia (AL). Using a machine‐learning algorithm we have previously developed the AL‐ European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) score for prediction of mortality following transplantation. We report here the first external validation of the AL‐EBMT score in a cohort of AL patients from the Italian national transplantation network. A total of 1848 patients transplanted between the years 2000‐2014 were analyzed. The median age was 45.9. Indications for HSCT were Acute Myeloid Leukemia (68.1%) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (31.9%). The majority of patients were in first complete remission (60.4%), and received myeloablative conditioning (81.3%). Median follow‐up was 2 years. The score was well‐calibrated for prediction of day 100 mortality and 2‐year overall survival (OS), leukemia free survival (LFS), and nonrelapse related mortality, with corresponding area under the receiver‐operator curves of 0.698, 0.651, 0.653, and 0.651, respectively. Increasing score intervals were associated with a decreasing probability of 2‐year OS and LFS. The highest scoring group was associated with a hazard ratio of 3.16, 2.8, and 2.27 for 2‐year OS, LFS, and NRM, respectively. In conclusion, the AL‐EBMT score identified three distinct risk groups and was predictive of OS. It is a valid tool for stratifying the risk of acute leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT.
Mild achondroplasia/hypochondroplasia with acanthosis nigricans, normal development, and a p.Ser348Cys FGFR3 mutation
Authors: Couser Natario L. , Pande Chetna K. , Turcott Christie M. , Spector Elaine B. , Aylsworth Arthur S. , Powell Cynthia M.
Published: February 2017

Pathogenic allelic variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene have been associated with a number of phenotypes including achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans (Crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome), and SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans). Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans is caused by the pathogenic variant c.1172C>A (p.Ala391Glu) in the FGFR3 gene. The p.Lys650Thr pathogenic variant in FGFR3 has been linked to acanthosis nigricans without significant craniofacial or skeletal abnormalities. Recently, an infant with achondroplasia and a novel p.Ser348Cys FGFR3 mutation was reported. We describe the clinical history of an 8‐year‐old child with a skeletal dysplasia in the achondroplasia‐hypochondroplasia spectrum, acanthosis nigricans, typical development, and the recently described p.Ser348Cys FGFR3 mutation.
Regiochemical Control of Pyrazoles by Solvent and β‐Enamino Diketone Structure: Regioselective Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted N‐Phenylpyrazoles
Authors: Souza Thiago F. , Silva Michael J. V. , Silva Raí G. M. , Gonçalves Davana S. , Simon Paula A. , Jacomini Andrey P. , Basso Ernani A. , Moura Sidnei , Martins Marcos A. P. , Back Davi F. , Rosa Fernanda A.
Published: February 2017

A simple method for the regiocontrolled synthesis of the 4,5‐disubstituted N‐phenylpyrazole regioisomers 2 and 3 from β‐enamino diketones and phenylhydrazine is described. Pyrazole 2 was prepared regioselectively by carrying out the reaction in a protic solvent, whereas pyrazole 3 was obtained as the main product by using an aprotic solvent. Steric factors regarding the β‐enamino diketones also influenced the regiochemistry of 2 and 3. The influence of solvent on the reaction outcome can be rationalized by using Fukui indices. The structures of 2 and 3 were unambiguously elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, two‐dimensional HMBC experiments, high resolution mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Defunctionalization of Ether‐Containing Primary Alkyl Tosylates with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Chatterjee Indranil , Porwal Digvijay , Oestreich Martin
Published: February 2017

Catalytic C(sp3)−O bond cleavage promoted by B(C6F5)3 /Et3SiH proceeds preferentially with primary tosylates in the presence of primary and secondary silyl ethers and aryl ethers. This reactivity difference enables the chemoselective defunctionalization of several 1,n‐diols, and the efficiency of the new procedure is highlighted by the selective deoxygenation of the hydroxymethyl group of an orthogonally protected carbohydrate. Tosylates with an adjacent phenyl group are cleaved with anchimeric assistance.
Total Synthesis of GKK1032A2 via Direct 13‐Membered Macrocyclization Using a Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of an (η6‐Arene)Chromium Complex
Authors: Sugata Hayato , Inagaki Kensuke , Ode Toshiaki , Hayakawa Tomoki , Karoji Yuki , Baba Motoaki , Kato Ryo , Hasegawa Daiju , Tsubogo Tetsu , Uchiro Hiromi
Published: February 2017

The first enantioselective total synthesis of GKK1032A2 has been achieved. The key step is a direct construction of the highly strained 13‐membered macrocycle of GKK1032A2 by an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. This is the first successful example of construction of a macrocycle with an aryl ether linkage utilizing an intramolecular SNAr reaction of an (η6‐arene)chromium complex.
Train design features affecting boarding and alighting of passengers
Authors: Thoreau Roselle , Holloway Catherine , Bansal Gurvir , Gharatya Kuldeep , Roan Tyng‐Rong , Tyler Nick
Published: February 2017

Accurately predicting train dwell time is critical to running an effective and efficient service. With high‐density passenger services, large numbers of passengers must be able to board and alight the train quickly – and within scheduled dwell times. Using a specially constructed train mock‐up in a pedestrian movement laboratory, the experiments outlined in this paper examine the impact of train carriage design factors such as door width, seat type, platform edge doors and horizontal gap on the time taken by passengers to board and alight. The findings illustrate that the effectiveness of design features depends on whether there are a majority of passengers boarding or alighting. An optimum door width should be between 1.7 and 1.8 m. The use of a central pole and platform edge doors produced no major effects, but a 200 mm horizontal gap could increase the movement of passengers. There is no clear effect of the type of seats and neither the standbacks between 50, 300 and 500 mm. Further research will look for the relationship between the dwell time and the characteristics of passengers such as personal space. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.