bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cambios Culturales en los Asháninka Desplazados
Authors: Fabián Beatriz
Published: June 2021

En este estudio, la autora, a partir de la recopilación y transcripción meticulosa de las canciones asháninka entonadas por los nativos que en un momento estuvieron sometidos involuntariamente a la dinámica del grupo terrorista Sendero Luminoso, hace una reflexión acerca de los cambios de identidad del grupo étnico Asháninka, a partir de su contacto con los integrantes de S.L., provenientes generalmente de la sierra peruana, así como de la penetración de ritmos de diversa procedencia que ha llevado al sincretismo musical con su correlativo influjo en la identidad grupal Asháninka.
Introducción a la Fitoterapia Chayahuita
Authors: Ochoa Nancy
Published: June 2021

El artículo que presentamos constituye el resultado de una encuesta etnográfica que hemos realizado desde 1991 en las comunidades chayahuita del río Sillay, especialmente de Palmiche y Zapote. Tratándose de una primera aproximación a la medicina tradicional de esta etnia, analizaremos en primer lugar el concepto de enfermedad, sus formas de tratamiento y el rol de los terapeutas. En segundo lugar, estudiaremos la importancia de la fitoterapia y particul armente el uso del Ojé (Ficus sp .).
Cuando los amantes se transforman en tunches: sexo y moral en las sociedades nativas en transformación
Authors: Rossi Paola
Published: June 2021

La autora analiza cómo los nativos asháninka usan su creencia en los espíritus de la naturaleza para culparlos de acciones humanas que causarían problemas para las relaciones sociales dentro de la comunidad.
¿De muerto a ancestro? El deceso de un Shamán Secoya
Authors: Cipollete María Susana
Published: June 2021

La muerte de un shamán secoya siempre provoca una crisis entre sus parientes y en su sociedad. En este caso particular, la muerte de un shamán viejo y sabio, algo nuevo pasó: se erigió una tumba a su memoria. Esta innovación plantea la pregunta si ésta es una etapa incipiente de un culto a los antepasados, que hasta ahora no se ha conocido entre las culturas amazónicas.
Narrativas coloniales: Exploración y exterminios. Viaje amazónico de Francisco Ürellana Narrado por Fray Gaspar de Carvajal
Authors: Rodríguez Ileana
Published: June 2021

Ilieana Rodríguez hace un acercamiento crítico a la crónica de fray Gaspar de Carvajal sobre el viaje de Francisco Orellana en 1541 por el río Amazonas. La autora pone en relieve, en Carvajal, los puntos de intersección de las narrativas utópicas agrarias (los paisajes del ojo productivo, comprendidos en etnografías y censos) y las narrativas de guerra (los paisajes del ojo predador, comprendidos en una especie de economía política) y as í subrayar los tropos de una tradición que hoy subyace en las narrativas postmodernas de colonización, tanto las que representan a seres humanos hiperbólicos - desde Rambos a Cyborgs - como las de investigación, desarrollo y globalización.
Variabilidad y cambio en los nombres personales en una sociedad indígena amazónica
Authors: Peluso Daniela M.
Published: June 2021

Este artículo presenta una discusión general sobre las características de los nombres personales entre los Ese Eja. A través de un examen del significado de los sueños describo el proceso mediante el cual los Ese Eja de una comunidad del río Heath, Madre de Dios, Perú, reciben sus nombres personales en el contexto dinámico de los conceptos de género, reproducción, cosmología y enfermedad. Sugiero que los nombres presentan mensajes multidireccionales e invocan narrativas de relaciones sociales y ecológicas. El artículo concluye con una discusión sobre la dinámica de cambio en los nombres personales Ese Eja, y su relación en los cambios en la estructura social.
Aproximación al reglamento interno de las comunidades nativas aguaruna del Alto Mayo: La codificación del derecho consuetudinario
Authors: Gálvez Revollar Connie
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo, la autora realiza un análisis crítico al Reglamento Interno de las Comunidades Nativas Aguaruna del Alto Mayo desde lo que revela y que oculta, su utilidad y desventajas para la judicatura y para los propios indígenas, su relación con los DD HH y finalmente una confrontación con la propia realidad que vive esta población.
yo-cazador: Perforaciones, prescripciones y seres primordiales entre los JodÏ, Guayana venezolana
Authors: Zent Egleé L.
Published: June 2021

Este artículo es una exploración etnográfica de las poéticas de reproducir el yo-sujeto y la vida a través de la cacería entre los JodÏ, un grupo de alrededor de 900 personas que viven a lo largo de las laderas y valles intermontanos de la Sierra Maigualida en los Estados Amazonas y Bolívar de la Guayana venezolana. El conocimiento de cacería JodÏ se concibe como parte instrumental de un estilo de vida. Este ensayo se concentra en estudiar las dinámicas de la cacería JodÏ que involucran prácticas mágicas y rituales, mitología y ontología, simbolismo ecológico y espiritualidad. El análisis de los componentes simbólicos de los hábitos de cacería JodÏ. devela una compleja y profunda concepción de la realidad, al extremo de que la cacería sería el rasgo más característico y holístico que definiría culturalmente a este grupo étnico.
Personalidad y procesos de subjetivación en una antología Amazónica
Authors: Gonçalves Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

Los pirahã presentan una forma particular de resaltar lo discreto, lo singular, en la construcción de su sistema social. A partir del caso pirahã (y de otras etnografías) proponemos una reflexión sobre la posibilidad de conceptualizar positivamente y productivamente estas singularidades como una modalidad capaz de producir un sentido posible de descripción de las formas sociales amazónicas.
Identidad y alteridad desde la perspectiva cashinahua
Authors: Lagrou Els
Published: June 2021

Este artículo muestra el modo en que los cashinahua conciben la relación entre identidad y diferencia en su arte gráfica, en su sistema de mitades y en su filosofía marcada por un dualismo dinámico, donde el otro participa en la constitución del yo, y viceversa, y donde cada posición es siempre hipotética -y ritualmente reversible, posee claras cualidades perspectivistas. El estilo del pensamiento perspectivista implica una constante conciencia de la posibilidad de cambio de puntos de vista.
Panorama de la Arqueología amazónica del Ecuador. Primera Aproximación
Authors: Arellano López A. Jorge
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo presenta el actual conocimiento del desarrollo cultural prehispánico en el Alto y Bajo Amazonas del Ecuador. El incremento de la exploración petrolera durante las dos últimas décadas, también fue favorable para el incremento de reconocimientos arqueológicos, en especial en la Amazonía Baja. El nuevo panorama arqueológico presentado en este trabajo tiene base, primero en la descripción de los restos de cerámica y segundo en el patrón de asentamiento arqueológico en la Alta y Baja Amazonía.
Reconstruyendo algunos aspectos socioculturales de artefactos excavados en Bajo Ucayali
Authors: Morales Chocano Daniel
Published: June 2021

Investigaciones arqueológicas con excavaciones en el sitio del Zapotal, ubicado en la cuenca baja del Río Ucayali, nos permitieron dimensionar el tamaño del sitio y los sectores de ocupación, así como la ubicación y relaciones espacio temporales con otras sociedades contemporáneas, identificando que el sitio arqueológico presenta evidencias concretas que fueron los antecedentes prehistóricos de los grupos nativos Cocamas y Shipibo-Konibo. Una segunda etapa, el cual es el objetivo de este artículo son las investigaciones etnoarqueológicas de un grupo de artefactos contextualizados, los cuales nos llevaron a comprender tres aspectos socioculturales muy importantes: a). El problema de la identidad cultural, b). El concepto sobre la muerte y c). La ceremonia del rito de pubertad, en esta sociedad prehistórica que tiene vínculos históricos con los Shipibo-Konibo.
enigma de la endoguerra asháninca
Authors: Santos Granero Fernando
Published: June 2021

En este artículo me propongo poner a prueba -mediante un análisis detallado de las fuentes históricas sobre los pueblos del conjunto asháninca –conocidos inicialmente como Antis, Andes, Chunchos o Campas– y sus vecinos de la Selva Central- las conclusiones de Renard-Casevitz sobre los pueblos del conjunto ashaninka para los cuales la guerra y el enemigo son exteriores y heterogéneos y que, en contraste con las sociedades de mitades y endoguerreras, eliminan luchas intraterritoriales e intraétnicas. Analizo fundamentalmente las fuentes publicadas y de más fácil acceso, privilegiando los relatos de testigos presenciales sobre las obras más generales de historiadores religiosos o laicos. Dicho análisis, me permitirá determinar si la endoguerra asháninca de los últimos 130 años es un accidente histórico o responde a un precepto cultural similar al que impulsa la guerra interna entre los Pano, Jíbaro, y Tupí-guaraní.
Ordenamiento jurídico sin el Estado en el pueblo asháninka
Authors: Machaca Mamani Néstor
Published: June 2021

Este artículo estudia la comunidad de Cahuapanas, Puerto Bermúdez (Pasco), donde el ordenamiento jurídico se da a través de las prácticas socioculturales y políticas a nivel comunal. En lo sociocultural se da mediante la interiorización de normas y cumplimiento de valores y principios culturales, y en lo político, a nivel comunal, las obligaciones que están conectadas con el ámbito comunal y territorial. Las instancias estatales, por otra parte, se basan en el criterio del monismo jurídico, que no está al alcance sociocultural del pueblo asháninka del Pichis. Esta situación genera insatisfacción entre operadores de la justicia estatal y de las comunidades.
reconstrucción de la prehistoria amazónico: Algunas consideraciones teóricas
Authors: Meggers Betty J. , Evans Clifford
Published: June 2021

Este artículo tiene por objeto, en un contexto geográfico más amplio, comentar alguna de las evidencias lingüísticas y arqueológicas y discutir ciertas consideraciones culturales y ambientales, que deben ser consideradas en cualquier esfuerzo para la reconstrucción del pasado del hombre en la Amazonía. Como los datos en todos los campos son aún mínimos, las reconstrucciones que siguen serán reconocidas como hipotéticas. Representan esfuerzos para demostrar la utilidad de la cooperación interdisciplinar en la conceptualización de problemas analíticos que puedan servir como estímulo para investigaciones en esta fascinante porción del continente.
Aplicación del modelo biológico de diversificación a las distribuciones culturales en las tierras tropicales Bajas de Sudamérica
Authors: Meggers Betty J.
Published: June 2021

La evidencia de varios campos sugiere que la Amazonia no se ha mantenido libre del tipo drástico de fluctuaciones climáticas experimentadas en las partes templadas y montañosas del hemisferio occidental durante el Pleistoceno y los tiempos recientes. Los zoólogos y botánicos han empleado un modelo de ciclos climáticos y vegetativos, en los que el bosque tropical de las tierras bajas se reduce periódicamente a enclaves aislados por sabanas o zonas verdes, para explicar la abundancia de especies y su distribución. Dado que los dos episodios más recientes ocurrieron después del impacto del hombre o del heredero rival, debería ser observable en la evidencia antropológica. El examen de datos lingüísticos, etnográficos y arqueológicos revela patrones en armonía con el modelo biogeográfico, abriendo una nueva vía para la interpretación de la historia de la adaptación humana a las tierras bajas tropicales antes del contacto europeo.
Sobre el origen selvático de la civilización Chavín
Authors: Fung Pineda Rosa
Published: June 2021

En este artículo el autor revisa las hipótesis de Julio C. Tello sobre el origen amazónico de la civilización andina. Se asumen las hipótesis de Donald W. Lathrap, enfatizando los efectos del proceso de domesticación de plantas tropicales en el desarrollo y configuración de la "Cultura del Bosque Tropical". Finalmente, se analizan las evidencias arqueológicas, iconográficas y de otra índole del probable origen amazónico de la civilización Chavín.
Öğretmenlerin Çokkültürlü Eğitime Yönelik Tutumları ile Kapsayıcı Eğitimde Sınıf İçi Uygulamaları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: KOZİKOĞLU İshak , YILDIRIMOĞLU Süheyla
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırma, öğretmenlerin çokkültürlü eğitime yönelik tutumları ile kapsayıcı eğitimde sınıf içi uygulamaları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 317 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada “Çokkültürlü Eğitime Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Kapsayıcı Eğitimde Öğretmen Sınıf İçi Uygulama Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler betimsel istatistikler, t-testi, ANOVA, Pearson Çarpım Momentler Korelasyon katsayısı ve basamaklı regresyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada öğretmenlerin çokkültürlü eğitime yönelik tutumlarının yüksek, kapsayıcı eğitimde sınıf içi uygulamalarının ise çok yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kapsayıcı eğitime yönelik hizmet içi eğitim seminerine katılan öğretmenlerin, kapsayıcı eğitime ilişkin sınıf içi uygulamalarına daha yüksek düzeyde yer verdikleri saptanmıştır. İki dilli öğretmenlerin çokkültürlü eğitim konusunda daha olumlu tutuma sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Yabancı dil öğretmenlerinin çokkültürlü eğitime yönelik tutumlarının temel eğitim alanındaki öğretmenlere göre daha olumlu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Mesleki deneyimi az olan öğretmenlerin çokkültürlü eğitime yönelik daha olumlu tutuma sahip oldukları ve kapsayıcı eğitimde sınıf içi uygulamalarına daha fazla yer verdikleri sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğretmenlerin çokkültürlü eğitime ilişkin olumlu tutumları arttıkça kapsayıcı eğitime ilişkin sınıf içi uygulamalarının da artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, öğretmenlerin çokkültürlü eğitime yönelik tutumlarından kültürel farklılıkları benimseme ve kültürel farklılıkları önemseme alt boyutlarının kapsayıcı eğitimde öğretmen sınıf içi uygulamalarındaki varyansın %19’unu açıklayacak güçte olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Kişiler Arası Duygu Düzenlemenin Yordayıcıları Olarak Öz Denetim ve Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaç Doyumu
Authors: OGAN Samiye , ÖZ SOYSAL Fatma Selda
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; üniversite öğrencilerinin öz denetim ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaç doyum düzeylerinin, kişiler arası duygu düzenlemelerini yordama gücünü belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi’nin farklı bölümlerinde öğrenimlerine devam eden 246’sı kadın (%60,2) ve 162’si (%39,8) erkek olmak üzere toplam 408 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaşları 18-26 yaş ( = 21.13) arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişilerarası Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği, Öz Denetim Ölçeği, İhtiyaç Doyumu Ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, aşamalı regresyon (stepwise) analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Aşamalı regresyon analizi sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, öz denetimin ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumunun kişiler arası duygu düzenlemeye ilişkin varyansın %42.9’unu açıkladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, kişilerarası duygu düzenleme değişkeninin en güçlü yordayıcısının İhtiyaç Doyumu Ölçeği’nin alt boyutu olan ilişkili olma değişkeni olduğu, bu değişkenini sırasıyla öz denetim, yeterlik ve özerklik değişkenlerinin izlediği gözlemlenmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen bulgular ilgili alan yazında tartışılmış, araştırmaya ve uygulamaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Risk Sharing in the Circular Economy
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, VU Amsterdam, Wojcik Alicja
Published: June 2021

Activities and research in recent years have clearly shown that the emergence of the circular economy is an economic, rather than only environmental approach (Yuan, 2006; The Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2012, 2015). Consequently, it becomes crucial to first consider its unique risks and promises for business and economics, and then propose foundations for its adoption as a viable alternative to traditional models. The goal of this article is to research how circular-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (“SMEs”), due to their unique values and principles, would be able to share risks related to market activities. For this research, six representatives from various circular-oriented SMEs were interviewed based on several relevant risks related to their business models, and they described how they mitigate these risks. The findings revealed a common pattern which was also examined by experts in the circular economy.The results show that a network structure, where companies from related industries and who share a common goal, work together and actively engage customers in companies’ activities, can more effectively share risks. These networks need to be highly transparent and based on trust rather than purely on formal contracts.
Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Lelaki Dewasa Dengan Diagnosa Tuberculosis Paru
Authors: Dafris Shanti
Published: June 2021

Tuberculosis Paru adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, yakni kuman aerob yang dapat hidup terutama di paru atau diberbagai organ tubuh yang lainnya yang mempunyai tekanan parsial oksigen yang tinggi. Organisasi kesehatan dunia menyatakan bahwa penyakit tuberculosis paru (TB) saat ini telah menjadi ancaman global, hampir sepertiga penduduk dunia telah terinfeksi TB. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengkajian. Hasil pengkajian di dapatkan biasanya nafasnya sesak, batuk berdahak lebih dari 2 minggu, berkeringat dingin pada malam hari disertai demam, keadaan umum klien lemah dan, RR : 28 x/menit, S : 38oC. Diagnosa yang muncul yaitu diagnosa Ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan nafas b/d pembentukan sputum berlebihan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah dimana setelah dilakukan Asuhan Keperawatan, diagnosa dapat teratasi. Harapan kedepannya untuk dapat memaksimalkan tindakan keperawatan sehingga dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan sehingga dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang optimal pada pasien dengan tuberculosis paru.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SIKAP MAHASISWA TERHADAP METODE BELAJAR DARING DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DI AKPER KESDAM I / BUKIT BARISAN PADANG
Authors: Sri Sulastri
Published: June 2021

Proses pembelajaran daring adalah inovasi dari pendidikan yang melibatkan unsur teknologi dan informasi dalam setiap pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kondisi sikap dan motivasi mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemic Covid-19 ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Penelitian dilakukan di Akper Kesdam I / BB Padang dengan melibatkan 47 mahasiswa semester 3 pada program studi D III Keperawatan. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan google form agar mudah diakses oleh mahasiswa. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menghitung presentase data dari setiap indikator, kemudian menginterpretasi skor presentasi data dan menganalisis setiap indikatornya secara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari indikator sikap mahasiswa terhadap metode pembelajaran daring selama Covid-19 yaitu menunjukkan skor rata-rata presentase 53,2% termasuk kriteria sikap baik, sedangkan dari indikator motivasi mahasiswa terhadap metode pembelajaran daring selama Covid-19 yaitu menunjukkan skor 57% termasuk kriteria tinggi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi evaluasi berbagai pihak dalam menyelenggarakan pembelajaran daring di perguruan tinggi terutama yang melibatkan motivasi didalamnya, penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan kajian bagi peneliti lain dalam menganalisis dan mengembangkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring pada masa darurat di perguruan tinggi.
n. 22 - A DESIGUALDADE DA INFRAESTRUTURA ESCOLAR DAS ESCOLAS ESTADUAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Carnaval Marilya Mariany
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do artigo é verificar se há alguma relação entre a qualidade da infraestrutura escolar das escolas estaduais do município de São Paulo e a distribuição dos distritos em que as escolas se localizam. A perspectiva do artigo em relação a infraestrutura adotada abrange o conjunto de requisitos materiais e estruturais de cada escola ao acesso e uso pedagógico das pessoas. Os resultados estruturais de cada escola ao acesso e uso pedagógico das pessoas. Os resultados apresentados evidenciaram uma maior desigualdade nas condições de infraestrutura e recursos tecnológicos em escolas localizadas em distritos de baixo nível socioeconômico. Nota-se, assim, uma desigualdade relacionada a questão territorial, social e econômica do município de São Paulo.  As fontes de dados foram constituídas por informações sobre a infraestrutura da escola disponíveis nos questionários escolares da Prova Brasil dos anos de 2013 e 2015.
Optimal Vaccination Campaigns Using Stochastic SIR Model and Multiobjective Impulsive Control
Authors: Cardoso R. T. N. , Dusse A. C.S. , Adam K.
Published: June 2021

A multiobjective impulsive control scheme is proposed to give answers on how optimal vaccination campaigns should be implemented, regarding two conflicting targets: making the total number of infecteds small and the vaccination campaign as handy as possible. In this paper, a stochastic SIR model is used to better depict the characteristics of a disease in practical terms, where little influences may lead to sudden and unpredictable changes in the behavior of transmissions. This model is extended to analyze the effects of impulsive vaccinations in two phases: the transient regime control, taking into account the necessity to reduce the number of infected individuals to an acceptable level in a finite time, and the permanent regime control, that will act with fixed vaccinations to avoid another outbreak. A parallel version of NSGA-II is used as the multiobjective optimization machinery, considering both the probability of eradication and the vaccination campaign costs. The final result using the proposed framework nondominated policies that can guide for public managers to decide which is the best procedure to be taken depending on the present situation.
HIV Viral Dynamic under Treatment with Intracellular Delay and Virus Decay as Interactive Parameters
Authors: C. Prata R. A. , M. Jafelice R. S. , M. Cabral V. , S. Pedro F. , C. Barros L.
Published: June 2021

Treatment with antiviral drugs for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes a rapid reduction in plasma viral load. Viral decline occurs in several stages and provides information on important kinetic constants of virus replication in vivo and pharmacodynamic properties. We present a mathematical model that not only considers the intracellular phase of the viral life cycle, defined as the time between the infection of a cell and the production of new viral particles, but we  also consider that this parameter together with the virus decay are interactive fuzzy numbers.
Inverse Modeling of Radiative Transfer by Two-Stream Approximation using the Luus-Jaakola Method
Authors: Ferreira F. F. , Krieger J. M. , Lyra G. B. , Telles W. R. , Souza J. L. , Silva Neto A. J.
Published: June 2021

The simulation of terrestrial ecosystem processes, using numerical biosphere-atmosphere models that can be coupled to the Atmospheric Models, assist in a better diagnosis and forecast of climate and weather. To be able to represent a particular region, biome or ecosystem, the model parameters need to be adjusted for local conditions. This work aims to assess the Luus-Jaakola (LJ) method in the optimization of the parameters in a two-stream radiative transfer model applied to a vegetation canopy. Solar radiation components (incident, S↓, and reflected, S↑) were measured above a sugarcane crop in a Tropical region from February 17 to 24, 2006. Among the combinations of internal and external iterations evaluated for Luss-Jaakola method, 60/30 (external/internal) iterations presented more precise albedo (∝ = S↑/S↓) simulated (r^2 = 0.7386) and, for the accuracy of the simulated ∝, even though the 60/40 combination had the smallest percentual error (6.40%), the 60/30 combination was 0.03% higher. The precision and accuracy of S↑ was greater with the parameters obtained by the inverse problem with the combination of 60/30 (external/internal) iterations respectively. In general, the behavior of simulated S↑ at the top of the canopy was  underestimated compared to the observed S↑, especially in the early morning. For the simulated ∝ at the top of the canopy, the model's overestimation was observed at the lowest values of albedo. When the largest albedos are observed, only at the beginning of the day the model underestimated the values.  As shown by the tests result, the parameters optimized by Luus-Jaakola method  have an adequate representation of the observed data.
Experimental Investigation of a Cryogenically Cooled Oxygen-mist Near-dry Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining Process
Authors: Sampath Boopathi , Myilsamy Sureshkumar
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a novel method of cryogenically cooled (low-temperature nitrogen gas) wire tool is used during the oxygen-mist near-dry wire-cut electrical discharge machining (NDWEDM) process to cut Inconel 718 alloy material. The current, pulse-width, pulse-interval, and flow rate are the controllable variables for response characteristics, such as the material removal rate (MRR) and wire wear ratio (WWR). The Box-Behnken method is applied to design the experiments to collect the observations from experiments. The mathematical models for each response were developed using significant individual, interaction, and quadratic terms by the sequential sum of the square test. The response surfaces were developed. It was revealed from the analysis that 52.92 % of current, 24.63 % of Pulse-width, 12.81 % of pulse- interval and 5.75 % of flow rate contributed to MRR, while 14.89 % of current, 9.75 % of pulse-width, 62.20 % of pulse-interval, and 5.44 % of flow rate contributed to WWR. The pulse-width has more contribution on MRR due to the long period of spark between the wire and work materials. It was also observed that the pulse-interval has more effect on WWR due to the more ideal period (high spark-pause-time) between two consecutive high-temperature sparks in the wire tool. The wear of the wire tool has been analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs. The desirability principles were first applied to obtain multi-objective solutions with a combination of process parameters to achieve the optimal values of both responses. The predicted combination of results has been validated by data that were collected from confirmation experiments.
Trends in Supreme Court jurisprudence in real property cases
in 2020. (Part I). Review
Authors: Zaradkiewicz Kamil
Published: June 2021

The review includes presentation of the theses and motives from the Polish Supreme Court’s
jurisprudence of 2021 regarding real estate property law, including in particular the encumbrance
and dispositions of real rights (iura in rem). The most important issues concerning the content and
performance, the acquisition and loss of ownership of real estates, the current problems concerning
the acquisitive prescription of easements (so called transmission servitudes) and the relationship
between the ownership rights of buildings or other equipment, as well as the ownership of the
premises (flats) being separate real estates and perpetual usufruct (emphyteusis), are presented.
The review includes also the new judgments of the Supreme Court concerning the development
agreement and relating to the institution of fiduciary ownership.
Institutions obliged to counteract money laundering on real estate
market in the context of real estate agent’s activities (Part I)
Authors: Opitek Paweł
Published: June 2021

The article discusses statutory responsibilities of agents in respect of compliance with the AML
policy. In particular, the article addresses the Know Your Customer policy, assessment of the associated
AML/CFT risks and applying a risk based approach, preparation of internal documents
and procedures by the company in order to reduce the risks and, last but not least, effective counteracting
of money laundering. Transactional ‘anomalies’ pertaining to people, transfers, products
and geographical areas with the poor AML procedures implementation have been mentioned. The
author has also referred to particular examples of crimes connected with money laundering in the
real estate market. On the other hand, the outcome of the controlling actions conducted by the
General Inspector for Financial Information (GIIF) and the discovered inaccuracies have been described.
The author has clearly emphasized in the beginning of the article that real estate and land
market is a sector of the economy that is particularly susceptible to money laundering, hence, it is
important that the agents involved in real estate counteract the possible abuses.
ESTIMATES OF SOCIAL MINIMUM BASKETS FOR THE SECOND AND THIRD QUARTER OF 2020
Authors: Kurowski Piotr
Published: June 2021

The article presents estimates of social minimum baskets for the second and third quarter of 2020, i.e. when the sanitary restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic took place. They obviously affected the functioning of households in various aspects. The presented estimates take into account the needs as foreseen in the model under normal conditions; the new circumstances of Covid-19 were not taken into account. There is lack of research data on changes in household consumption in 2020. If there will be a need to change assumptions in the model, the values of social minimum can be recalculated in the future. The value of the social minimum in the 2nd quarter increased by 2.1% in a one-person household and by 1.8% in a four -person household, with inflation by 0.3%.The increase in the subsistence minimum was mainly due to a further increase in food prices (from 4.3 to 4.5%), with the costs of housing and energy carriers rising from 1.7 to 2.0%. The very same factor contributed to a decline in the value of the minimum in the third quarter. In this period, the social minimum estimates decreased by -1% in a one-person household and by -1.1% in a four-person household, with a trace increase in CPI index (+0.1%). Seasonal decreases in food prices caused the value of food in the basket to decrease from -6.1 to -6.4%, with a CPI of -2.3% in this expenditure group. This time, expenditure on housing and energy products did not exceed 0.5%
Book review: Mirosław Grewiński, Marek Kawa, Joanna Lizut, Gilberto Marzano: TOWARDS CHANGES OF THE LABOR MARKET, SKILLS AND COMPETENCES
Authors: Arendt Łukasz
Published: June 2021

The monograph published in English, which is the result of the project "Transformers - for the future labor market", takes up important issues of changes in the labor market in the context of technological development, which recently focuses on topics such as labor market polarization, automation and robotization , the effects of the fourth industrial revolution. The main threads discussed in the following chapters of the monograph relate to social and economic changes conditioned by the development of technology, in particular information and communication technologies, as well as the fourth industrial revolution, referred to as Industry 4.0. The main areas of analysis in the project "Transformers - for the future labor market" were presented in a synthetic way: the future of skills and competences, the future of professions and jobs, challenges related to education, as well as the conclusions drawn from desk-research analyzes and focus groups.
Análise de Dados Pluviométricos Multi-fonte Baseada em Técnicas OLAP e de Visualização: uma Abordagem Prática
Authors: Nascimento Lorenna Christ'na , Knust Lucas , Santos Ramon , Sá Bruno Cunha , Moreira Gustavo Muller , Freitas Fabiola De Souza , Moura Nathalia , Lage Marcos , Oliveira Daniel De
Published: June 2021

Estudos sobre o clima têm ganhado relevância devido ao aumento do número de eventos climáticos com impactos severos observados na última década, em especial em áreas urbanas. Por exemplo, ocorrências de grandes valores acumulados de chuva podem causar inundações e deslizamentos de terra, impactando o trânsito da cidade e até mesmo custando a vida de cidadãos. Para possibilitar o monitoramento de volumes de chuva, estações pluviométricas se encontram instaladas pelo país. Entretanto, tais estações são controladas por múltiplas organizações e oferecem dados em formatos distintos. Neste artigo propomos a ferramenta TEMPO (sisTema dE Monitoramento PluviométricO) que utiliza técnicas OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) para propor mecanismos de armazenamento, consulta e análise eficientes de dados pluviométricos. Para avaliar a ferramenta, apresentamos um estudo de caso de integração e análise dos dados do CEMADEN e do Alerta Rio.
Snake Classifier: Aplicativo mobile para classificação de serpentes peçonhentas
Authors: Machiaveli Emanuel A. , Marciano Juan Morysson Viana , Santos Felipe Gonçalves dos
Published: June 2021

Serpentes estão no topo da lista de acidentes com animais peçonhentos no Brasil. O pouco conhecimento da população a respeito desses animais, torna sua identificação dificultada em casos de acidentes, quando se faz necessário a classificação para a aplicação do soro antiofídico correto. Foi proposto neste trabalho, com o uso de Inteligência Artificial com aplicação das técnicas de Transfer Learning, a criação de um modelo de rede neural, implementado a um aplicativo de celular onde, a classificação da espécie é feita de forma instantânea. O modelo treinado com um banco de 3401 imagens obteve um nível acurácia de 90.22%. Já os testes realizados com o aplicativo em funcionamento, levou a uma taxa de acerto de 88.41% após testá-lo com 164 imagens.
Análise de Desempenho da Distribuição de Workflows Científicos em Nuvens com Restrições de Confidencialidade
Authors: Silva Rodrigo A. P. , Pacitti Esther , Frota Yuri , Oliveira Daniel De
Published: June 2021

As nuvens fornecem um ambiente sob demanda que permite que cientistas migrem seus experimentos locais para um ambiente elástico. Os experimentos são modelados como workflows científicos, e muito deles são intensivos em computação e produção de dados. O armazenamento desses dados preocupa, uma vez que a confidencialidade pode ser comprometida. Usuários maliciosos podem inferir conhecimento dos resultados e da estrutura dos workflows. Dispersão dos dados e criptografia podem ser adotados para aumentar a confidencialidade, mas esses mecanismos não pode ser adotados de forma desacoplada ao escalonamento do workflow, sob o risco de aumentar o tempo de execução e despesas. Nesse artigo, apresentamos a SaFER (workflow Scheduling with conFidEntiality pRoblem), uma abordagem de escalonamento que considera restrições de confidencialidade dos dados.
Avaliação de desempenho do Hyperledger Fabric com banco de dados para o armazenamento de grandes volumes de dados médicos
Authors: Spengler Ana Caroline Fernandes , Souza Paulo Sérgio Lopes de
Published: June 2021

O blockchain é utilizado para o armazenamento e disponibilização de dados de maneira distribuída e segura. Apesar desse uso, não são encontrados na literatura estudos detalhados sobre o desempenho do blockchain no armazenamento e na recuperação de dados heterogêneos associados a bancos de dados. Este artigo apresenta o desempenho do blockchain para aplicações que demandam dados heterogêneos com o uso de banco de dados. Os estudos experimentais executados consideram o uso do Hyperledger Fabric e Hyperledger Caliper, ambos atuando com uma base de dados médicos reais e heterogêneos com o CouchDB. Os resultados dos experimentos mostram que o desempenho do blockchain é influenciado por diferentes fatores, como a taxa de chegada das requisições, operação realizada (leitura ou escrita) e características das tabelas armazenadas. Nossos resultados auxiliam desenvolvedores de aplicações blockchain, pois apontam aspectos decisivos para o desempenho de tais aplicações.
Analysis of FreeRTOS Overheads on Periodic Tasks
Authors: Miranda Bruno Dourado , Oliveira Rômulo Silva de , Carminati Andreu
Published: June 2021

Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) have their own modules that need to be executed to manage system resources and such modules add overhead to task response times. FreeRTOS is used for experimental purposes since its is a widely used open-source RTOS. This work presents the investigation of two important sources of overhead: Function Tick, a FreeRTOS time marker, and the Context Switch between tasks. In this paper we also describe a model for reducing Tick analysis pessimism due to its temporal variation. Experiments measuring the execution time of Tick and Context Switch on ARM-Cortex M4 microprocessor were made to present the Best-Case Execution Time and the Worst-Case Execution time within a periodic task scenario. Measurements are used to validate the analytic models.
Estimating the Distributed Generation Unit Sizing and Its Effects on the Distribution System by Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Purlu Mikail , Turkay Belgin Emre
Published: June 2021

Many approaches about the planning and operation of power systems, such as network reconfiguration and distributed generation (DG), have been proposed to overcome the challenges caused by the increase in electricity consumption. Besides the positive effects on the grid, contributions on environmental pollution and other advantages, the rapid developments in renewable energy technologies have made the DG resources an important issue, however, improper DG allocation may result in network damages. A lot of studies have been practised with analytical and heuristic methods based on load flow for optimal DG integration to the network. This novel method based on estimation is proposed to determine the size of DG and its effects on the network to get rid of the coercive and time-consuming load flow techniques. Machine learning algorithms, such as Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree, have been used for the estimations and have been applied to well-known test systems, such as IEEE 12-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus distribution systems. The accuracy of the proposed estimation methods has been verified with R-squared and mean absolute percentage error. Results show that the proposed DG allocation method is effective, applicable, and flexible.
Efficient Feature Set Developed for Acoustic Gunshot Detection in Open Space
Authors: Sigmund Milan , Hrabina Martin
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an efficient approach to automatic gunshot detection based on a combination of two feature sets: adapted standard sound features and hand-crafted novel features. The standard features are mel-frequency cepstral coefficients adapted for gunshot recognition in terms of uniform gamma-tone filters linearly spaced over the whole frequency range from 0 kHz to 16 kHz. The first 18 coefficients calculated from the 41 filters represent the best set of the optimized cepstral coefficients. The novel features were derived in the time domain from individual significant points of the raw waveform after amplitude normalization. Experiments were performed using single and ensemble neural networks to verify the effectiveness of the novel features for supplementing the standard features. The novelty of the work is the proposed feature combination, which allows to achieve very effective detection of gunshots from hunting weapons using 23 features and a simple neural network. In binary classification, the developed approach achieved an accuracy of 95.02 % in gunshot detection and 98.16 % in disregarding other sounds (i.e., non-gunshot).
MOS-C Based Electronically Tuneable Current/Voltage-Mode Third Order Quadrature Oscillator and Biquadratic Filter Realization
Authors: Cicekli Hasan , Gokcen Ahmet
Published: June 2021

This paper introduces a new electronically tuneable third order quadrature oscillator and biquadratic filter with MOS-C realization using all grounded passive components. Voltage-mode second order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass filters using second generation current conveyor and a current/voltage-mode third order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using multi-output second generation current conveyor are synthesized from the proposed circuit topology. All synthesized circuits are compatible with integration and the center frequency can be electronically tuned by the gate voltage of the MOS transistors. The proposed circuits do not need any component matching condition. Oscillation condition and frequency of oscillation can be independently controlled. Workability of the proposed circuits is validated by PSPICE software using 0.18 micrometer MOSIS CMOS process parameters at ±0.9 V supply voltage. Tuneability of the oscillator is demonstrated for a tested frequency range both in voltage-mode and current-mode operations.
Argus CNN Accelerator Based on Kernel Clustering and Resource-Aware Pruning
Authors: Rakanovic Damjan M. , Vranjkovic Vuk , Struharik Rastislav J. R.
Published: June 2021

Paper proposes a two-step Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) pruning algorithm and resource-efficient Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) CNN accelerator named “Argus”. The proposed CNN pruning algorithm first combines similar kernels into clusters, which are then pruned using the same regular pruning pattern. The pruning algorithm is carefully tailored for FPGAs, considering their resource characteristics. Regular sparsity results in high Multiply-accumulate (MAC) efficiency, reducing the amount of logic required to balance workloads among different MAC units. As a result, the Argus accelerator requires about 170 Look-up tables (LUTs) per Digital Signal Processor (DSP) block. This number is close to the average LUT/DPS ratio for various FPGA families, enabling balanced resource utilization when implementing Argus. Benchmarks conducted using Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale + Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) indicate that Argus is achieving up to 25 times higher frames per second than NullHop, 2 and 2.5 times higher than NEURAghe and Snowflake, respectively, and 2 times higher than NVDLA. Argus shows comparable performance to MIT’s Eyeriss v2 and Caffeine, requiring up to 3 times less memory bandwidth and utilizing 4 times fewer DSP blocks, respectively. Besides the absolute performance, Argus has at least 1.3 and 2 times better GOP/s/DSP and GOP/s/Block-RAM (BRAM) ratios, while being competitive in terms of GOP/s/LUT, compared to some of the state-of-the-art solutions.
Clinical Characteristics and Early Prognostic Factors of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Xing-Cheng , Lu Zhong-Hua , Yu Wei-Li , Hu Qiu-Yuan , Fu Lu , Chen Hu , Geng Xiao-Ping , Sun Yun
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients retrospectively and explore the effective factors in death from severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: The required data were collected from 234 SAP patients admitted to our department from January 2013 to December 2020 and then analyzed retrospectively. According to the prognosis, all patients were admitted within 72 hours of onset and were assigned to the death and survival groups. The participants’ clinical and demographic information, laboratory indices when patients were brought to the intensive care unit (ICU), and organ failure were analyzed using univariate and logistic multivariate regression. The logistic regression (LR) model was developed and evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: In this study, the total mortality rate was 11.96% (95% CI, 8.1 - 16.8%). The univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between SAP-related death with age, ICU admission within 24 hours of onset, APACHE II score, serum amylase, serum albumin, PaO2, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal insufficiency, and other diseases (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that ICU admission within 24 hours of onset, serum albumin, ARDS, and renal insufficiency were independent early prognostic factors of SAP (P < 0.05). LR model: Y = -0.108 - 1.852 × ICU admission within 24 hours of onset -0.102 × serum albumin + 1.790 × ARDS + 1.150 × renal insufficiency. The area under the curve (AUC) and 95% CI of the LR model were 0.864 (0.811 - 0.917) with the optimal threshold of 2.246. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.709 and 0.929, respectively. Conclusions: The SAP patients or acute pancreatitis (AP) patients at risk of developing SAP should be transferred to ICU at the earliest convenience. Moreover, hypoalbuminemia, ARDS, and renal insufficiency indicate poor prognosis.
Evaluation of Aminophylline for the Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Patients
Authors: Sauer Hannah E. , Crews Kristine R. , Pauley Jennifer L. , Bourque Melissa S. , Bragg Allison W. , Triplett Brandon , Morrison R. R. , Hall Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to compare acute kidney injury (AKI)–related outcomes of patients who received aminophylline in addition to standard of care with matched historical controls who received standard of care alone.

METHODS

This was a single center, retrospective, historical control cohort study that included patients treated for AKI. Patients who received aminophylline from January 2017 to June 2018 were matched for age, sex, primary diagnosis, and hematopoietic cell transplant history in a 1:2 ratio to historical controls treated for AKI from July 2015 to September 2016. The primary outcome was improvement in AKI stage at 5 and 10 days from treatment initiation.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven patients who received aminophylline were matched to 54 historical controls. Fifty-eight patients (72%) had recently undergone hematopoietic cell transplant. At day 5, improvement in AKI stage was observed in 56% of patients in each group (p = 1.0); at day 10, improvement in AKI stage was observed in 75% of patients in the aminophylline group vs 70% of historical controls (p = 0.76). By day 10, serum creatinine levels had returned to baseline in 21% of patients in the aminophylline group and 34% of patients in the control group (p = 0.37).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings of this study demonstrated no difference in the rate of AKI resolution or in the proportion of patients with resolved AKI when aminophylline was added to standard of care for the treatment of AKI in this pediatric hematology/oncology population.
El textualismo
Authors: Rodríguez-Toubes Muñiz Joaquín
Published: June 2021

El textualismo es una teoría prescriptiva de la interpretación jurídica que defiende una metodología específica para decir el derecho en las materias legisladas. Según ella, quien interpreta debe declarar el significado público del texto legal y respetar en todo caso lo que el texto transmite, salvo cuando haya errata o error. El artículo expone la emergencia del textualismo en los Estados Unidos de América y su contraste con las teorías a las que desafía, particularmente el instrumentalismo, el intencionalismo y el finalismo. Se aborda también la asociación del textualismo con el originalismo, y se examina el reto crucial del textualismo, que es dar con una tesis semántica que vincule plausiblemente el significado del texto con el que comunica el legislador y cuenta con su misma autoridad. Se concluye que el textualismo se justifica si y solo si el legislador es una autoridad legítima.
VV.AA. Sobre pobreza y derecho. Pedro Talavera (coord.). Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2020.
Authors: Ballesteros Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Reseña a: VV.AA. Sobre pobreza y derecho. Pedro Talavera (coord.). Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2020.