bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Further validation of 2 nonstructural protein–specific antibody tests for diagnosis and surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease in the United States
Authors: Chung Chungwon J. , Bagg Ryan , Schumann Kate , Blakemore Leslie , Beauchamp Madison
Published: August 2024

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD poses an economic threat to the livestock industry in the United States. Due to the potential use of vaccines composed of partially purified structural proteins of the FMD virus (FMDV), it is important to test samples from infected and vaccinated animals with a competitive ELISA that detects antibodies against nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of FMDV. Our study extends the diagnostic validation of the Prionics ELISA (Thermo Fisher) and the VMRD ELISA. We used diverse serum sample sets from bovine, porcine, and other cloven-hoofed animals to evaluate the analytical specificity and sensitivity, diagnostic specificity and sensitivity, and differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) per validation guidelines outlined by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). The 2 tests were analytically 100% accurate. The VMRD test was diagnostically more sensitive than Prionics, but Prionics was diagnostically more specific than the VMRD test. Both tests could tell if animals were infected or vaccinated. Considering these data, both VMRD and Prionics ELISAs can be used for serodetection of FMDV antibodies at the Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and within the National Animal Health Laboratory Network laboratories.
Molecular detection of Chlamydia abortus in endometrial biopsies of mares from western Canada
Authors: Ricard R. Madison , Wobeser Bruce
Published: August 2024

Chlamydia abortus is a reported cause of infertility and endometritis in sheep, cattle, and pigs; however, the association between uterine disease and C. abortus is poorly understood in horses. Recently, a high prevalence of C. abortus in equine aborted chorioallantoises was reported in horses in western Canada. Based on this high prevalence, investigation into the effects of C. abortus on infertility and endometritis in western Canadian mares is prudent. We examined 98 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial biopsies from western Canada submitted between 2014 and 2022 using a Chlamydia-specific 16S rRNA PCR test; 40 samples tested positive for Chlamydia on PCR, and 28 were sequenced as C. abortus. The C. abortus–positive cases were primarily associated with a history of failure to conceive, early embryonic loss, or abortion. Our findings suggest that C. abortus may be a cause of conception failure and abortion in horses in western Canada.
Targeted quantification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in livestock serum by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Xin , Murphy Lisa A.
Published: August 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted increasing attention due to their persistence in the environment and potential adverse effects on human and animal health. The detection and quantification of PFASs in livestock could substantially contribute to monitoring their presence within the food chain. We developed a targeted quantification method for 34 PFASs in livestock serum by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We used protein precipitation for serum sample extraction and accurate mass measurement of targeted PFAS compounds for quantification. We validated the method with various analytical parameters, achieving accuracy of 70–120% and precision of <20%. The method also demonstrated good analytical sensitivity, with a limit of detection of <0.051 ng/mL and a limit of quantification of <0.175 ng/mL. When applying the developed method to actual serum samples from a variety of livestock, we successfully identified and quantified various PFASs in different livestock species. Our method has the potential to be a valuable tool for veterinary laboratory analysis of PFAS contamination in livestock.
Real-time pathologist-assisted field postmortem examinations of beef cattle
Authors: Davies Jennifer L. , Rogers Lindsay , Goldsmith Dayna , Kwong Grace P. S. , Legge Carolyn , Zachar Erin
Published: August 2024

Postmortem examination of deceased production animals with appropriate ancillary testing is fundamental to determining causes of morbidity and mortality. Reaching a definitive diagnosis is crucial to evidence-based herd management and treatment decisions that safeguard animal health and welfare, food safety, and human health. However, for a range of reasons, carcasses sometimes cannot be examined in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. As a result, postmortem examinations of farmed animals, including cattle, are often performed on-farm by the referring veterinarian (rVet) with tissue samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory for ancillary testing. For various reasons, field postmortems can be associated with lower diagnostic rates. We investigated real-time pathologist-assisted field postmortem examination (rtPAP) assistance to beef cattle rVets to gauge any improvement in attaining a final diagnosis. We found that rtPAPs improved the success of reaching a final diagnosis compared to unassisted field postmortem examinations. Both the participating bovine rVets and the pathologists saw benefits to the rtPAPs, with bovine rVets indicating that they would utilize this service in the future if available. Our proof-of-concept study demonstrated the positive role of rtPAPs in diagnosing beef cattle disease and speaks to the need for telepathology services supporting food animal rVets and producers.
Comparison of fluorescent antibody test, immunohistochemistry, and PCR testing for diagnostic confirmation of neurolisteriosis in 25 goats
Authors: Rissi Daniel R. , McKinney Amy S. , Fishburn Jillian D. , Mendes Ricardo E. , Velayudhan Binu T.
Published: August 2024

Neurolisteriosis, a common disease of small ruminants, is most often caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Here we describe 25 cases of caprine neurolisteriosis diagnosed in our laboratory over a 5-y period and compare our fluorescent antibody test (FAT) results with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for diagnostic confirmation. Neurohistologic changes consistent with neurolisteriosis affected the pons in all cases, extending rostrally to the mesencephalon in 6 cases, caudally to the medulla oblongata in 6 cases, and/or dorsally to the cerebellum in 4 cases. Acute inflammatory changes were observed in 17 cases, and included neuroparenchymal microabscesses, neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia, axonal swelling, microgliosis and astrogliosis, and perivascular neutrophils with macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells that occasionally extended to the leptomeninges. Subacute-to-chronic changes (8 cases) consisted of neuroparenchymal and perivascular clusters of macrophages with rare neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells admixed with glial nodules. Bacterial bacilli were observed within neutrophils or macrophages in H&E-stained tissue sections in 4 cases. Gram stain highlighted gram-positive bacilli in 13 cases. Neurolisteriosis was confirmed by FAT in 2 cases, by IHC in 19 cases, and by PCR in 20 cases.
Token-Based Crowdfunding: Investor Choice and the Optimal Timing of Initial Coin Offerings
Authors: Drobetz Wolfgang , Hornuf Lars , Momtaz Paul P. , Schermann Niclas
Published: August 2024

This article examines the operating and financial performance of venture firms conducting initial coin offerings (ICOs) with different types of investors and at different points along a venture’s life-cycle. Relative to purely crowdfunded ICO ventures, institutional investor-backed ICO ventures exhibit weaker operating performance and fail earlier. However, conditional on survival, these ventures financially outperform their peers that do not receive institutional investor support. The diverging effects of investor backing on financial and operating performance are consistent with our theory of “certification exploitation” through a new form of a pump-and-dump scheme. Institutional investors exploit their reputation to drive up ICO valuations and quickly exit the venture post-ICO, with the difference in pre- versus post-certification token prices being their exploitation profit in liquid markets for startups. Our findings further indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the financial success of an ICO and the timing along a venture’s life-cycle, with the product piloting phase representing the pivotal point.

JEL Codes: G24, G32, K22, L26
Variations in Epithelial Lining of Duplication Cysts Cannot be Explained by Known Theories
Authors: Akıncı Servet Melike , Boybeyi Özlem , Orhan Diclehan , Soyer Tutku
Published: August 2024

Objectives. Duplication cysts are found in any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the oropharynx to anus. Although duplication cysts usually have similar epithelium with the adjacent organ, respiratory epithelium in the enteric duplication cysts is rarely reported. This study was performed to evaluate the variations in the epithelial lining of duplication cysts and its clinical implications. Methods. Patients diagnosed with duplication cysts between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed to assess their histopathological results, clinical aspects, treatment options, and demographic characteristics. Results. Twenty-five patients were included. The mean age was 4 years, male-to-female ratio was 15:10. The localizations of duplication cysts were ileum (n = 12), duodenum(n = 4), stomach(n = 3), jejunum(n = 2), colon(n = 2), thoracoabdominal(n = 2), and rectum(n = 1). Most common presentation was abdominal pain (36%). Intestinal (48%) and gastric (40%) epithelia were the most common finding. Four patients (16%) had respiratory epithelium: two in foregut duplication cysts, one each in ileal, and rectal duplications. Twenty-four percentage of patients had associated anomalies. Surgical interventions were performed on 22 patients. Conclusion. Duplication cysts show a wide range of epithelial linings. Respiratory epithelium can be found in not only foregut duplication cysts but also midgut and hindgut duplication cysts. Although the presence of respiratory epithelium did not have any impact on clinical findings, none of the previous theories explain the presence of respiratory epithelium different from foregut duplications.
Selective Sensorimotor Impairments With Mental Fatigue Associated With G-transitions During and After Spaceflight
Authors: Hayes John , Fairchild Blake , Nichols Kieran , Jayasuria Jeevan , Mehta Ranjana K.
Published: August 2024

Decrements in sensorimotor performance due to vestibular challenges associated with spaceflight are well characterized, and these impairments pose a significant risk to astronaut safety and mission success. However, the impact of fatigue on this impairment is unknown. We hypothesized that the interaction of fatigue and vestibular impairment would lead to greater-than-additive detriments to static and dynamic balance. Thirteen subjects (9 m/4 f) completed a series of sensorimotor tests (static and dynamic tasks, with and without galvanic vestibular stimulation) before and after a fatigue-induction task. Contrary to the hypothesis, the combination of fatigue and stimulation did not lead to increased impairment in sensorimotor task performance. Subjects displayed improved performance under GVS following the fatigue-induction task during eyes-open conditions, but not during eyes-closed or cognitive dual-task conditions, suggesting that the availability of alternate sensory cues as well as an astronaut’s level of mental workload can impact adaptation to vestibular challenges associated with spaceflight.
Negative Emotions From Virtual Reality Usage: A Preliminary Exploratory Study Using Online Forums
Authors: Fang Emily , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Chen Karen B.
Published: August 2024

As the virtual reality (VR) industry continues to grow, it becomes important to understand how individuals interact with VR in their everyday settings. The physical effects of VR such as fatigue are well-known, but research on emotional effects is not as common. This study aimed to explore VR head-mounted display users’ negative emotions regarding at-home VR usage. Examining 140 forum posts (with 118 from Reddit), the emotions, activities, and suggestions were extracted from the posts. The emotions were classified based on Plutchik’s wheel of emotions. Thematic analysis was used in coding posters’ activities and suggestions. The results suggest fear is the most common category of negative emotion experienced by posters. This work could help generate research questions to further examine VR use in naturalistic settings. Future work can include studies with a larger scope, extracting posts from a longer timeline and with fewer inclusion criteria.
Development of a Novel CD8+ T Cell-Associated Signature for Prognostic Assessment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xuezhi , Qu Xiaodong , Li Songbo , Lin Kexin , Yao Nuo , Wang Na , Shi Yongquan
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical significance and prognostic value of CD8+ T cell-related regulatory genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

This was a retrospective study. We combined TCGA-LIHC and single-cell RNA sequencing data for Lasso-Cox regression analysis to screen for CD8+ T cell-associated genes to construct a novel signature. The expression of the signature genes was detected at cellular and tissue levels using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarrays. The CIBERSORT algorithm was then used to assess the immune microenvironmental differences between the different risk groups and a drug sensitivity analysis was performed to screen for potential HCC therapeutic agents.

Results

An 8-gene CD8 + T cell-associated signature (FABP5, GZMH, ANXA2, KLRB1, CD7, IL7R, BATF, and RGS2) was constructed. Survival analysis showed that high-risk patients had a poorer prognosis in all cohorts. Tumor immune microenvironment analysis revealed 22 immune cell types that differed significantly between patients in different risk groups, with patients in the low-risk group having an immune system that was more active in terms of immune function. Patients in the high-risk group were more prone to immune escape and had a poorer response to immunotherapy, and AZD7762 was screened as the most sensitive drug in the high-risk group. Finally, preliminary experiments have shown that BATF has a promoting effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HuH-7 cells.

Conclusions

The CD8+ T-cell-associated signature is expected to be a tool for optimizing individual patient decision-making and monitoring protocols, and to provide new ideas for treatment and prognostic assessment of HCC.
Nonlocal elasticity theory for radial vibration of composite nanoscale spherical shells via wave approach
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Xiandong
Published: August 2024

In this work, the wave approach is combined with nonlocal elasticity theory to address the problems of mechanics of composite nanoscale spherical shells. To the authors’ knowledge, many published literature primarily concentrate on investigating the nonlocal frequencies of nanoscale spherical shells by utilizing conventional method. Currently, no such work has been carried out on the nanoscale spherical shells from wave standpoint, particularly for the laminated nanocomposites. In this work, the characteristic determinant corresponding to composite laminated nanoscale spherical shells is formulated mathematically by incorporating general solution and transfer matrix into the conventional method. Based on wave propagation, the propagation, reflection, and coordination matrices are derived and assembled to capture the nonlocal frequencies. With respect to the composite laminated nanoscale spherical shells, the nonlocal frequencies predicted by wave approach are compared with the conventional solutions to demonstrate the validity of the proposed wave approach. Additionally, the accuracy and validity of the present method for single nanoscale spherical shells are simultaneously confirmed and examined by the available published data. Finally, the illustrative parametric studies are further scrutinized to exhibit the mechanical properties of spherically composite nanostructures.
Compressive and flexural responses of auxetic sandwich panels with modified re-entrant honeycomb cores
Authors: Mohammadpour Mojtaba , Taheri-Behrooz Fathollah
Published: August 2024

Auxetic structures possess negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). They exhibit enhanced indentation resistance, synclastic deformation, high fracture toughness and high energy absorption. Several sorts of auxetic structures exist, such as re-entrant, arrowhead, chiral, etc. The re-entrant structure is the most common sort of auxetic structures. This paper investigates the mechanical behavior of the re-entrant auxetic structure using experimental and numerical methods. Two modified re-entrant topologies are proposed based on the original (conventional) re-entrant topology. Using these modified topologies, two re-entrant auxetic sandwich structures are designed and 3D printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) out of polylactic acid (PLA). Conducting compression, three and four-point bending tests, the compressive and flexural performance of the two new re-entrant auxetic sandwich structures is studied and compared with the original (conventional) re-entrant structure. More specifically, Poisson’s ratio, compressive modulus, flexural stiffness and maximum loads of the structures are focused and studied. The mechanical properties of auxetic sandwich structures are improved using modified topologies. The new re-entrant auxetic sandwich structures show 11% higher normalized compressive modulus and 9% higher normalized flexural stiffness than the original re-entrant structure.
Carta Aberta: (In)visibilizing transgender bodies in organizations
Authors: Círico Juh , Galvão Akira Aikyo , Pereira de Castro Casa Nova Silvia
Published: August 2024

In this review, we critically reflect on the exclusionary practices in the social organization of a cisnormative society based on the song “Carta aberta” by Monna Brutal. The lyrics denounce the oppression suffered by her and by the transgender, travesti and gender non-conforming population in Brazil, the most transphobic country in the world for 15 consecutive years. We discuss the potential of music for social awareness, the resistance of minority groups, and possibilities for future explorations on music, resistance, and organizations.
Evaluating the functional design of temple enclosures for communal practices
Authors: Gupta Anirvan
Published: August 2024

In contemporary times, the design of worship spaces often falls short of meeting the diverse expectations of devotees seeking solace and tranquility. This study presents a critical yet frequently overlooked aspect of temple design-the impact of spatial acoustics on the overall worship experience. Specifically, focus is on the acoustics of the inner sanctum—garbhagriha, and the outer hall—ardhamandapa, which collectively contribute significantly to the ambiance within a temple. Recognizing the need to establish a method for determining the most suitable activities for each temple enclosure, this research conducted a comprehensive study involving two prominent temples in India—the Kashivishweshwar temple and the Siddheshwar temple, built during the seventeenth century. The selected spaces within these temples were categorized based on their acoustic properties and functionality. The categorization aimed to distinguish spaces conducive to musical performances or mass prayers from those best suited for discourses and religious talks. This study aims to assess the acoustic characteristics of temple spaces and determine their suitability for various congregational activities, such as speech-related activities (prayers, religious preachings) and musical performances through in-situ measurements in an unoccupied condition. Objective indicators considered in this work are reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), and clarity of sound ( C80 and C50). The findings underscore the pivotal role that spatial acoustics play in shaping the appropriateness of temple enclosures for such congregational activities. By categorizing and analyzing the acoustical characteristics of specific temple spaces, this research contributes valuable insights to inform future temple designs and renovations.
Comorbidity rates of autism spectrum disorder and functional neurological disorders: A systematic review, meta-analysis of proportions and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Vickers Mark L , Menhinnitt Rebecca Sue , Choi Yoon Kwon , Malacova Eva , Eriksson Lars , Churchill Agesilaus W , Oddy Belinda , Boon Kym , Randall Christopher , Braun Anastasia , Taggart Jennifer , Marsh Rodney , Pun Paul
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated the comorbidity rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with functional neurological disorders (FNDs). A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A subset of data was suitable for meta-analysis of proportions. Studies which assessed either the prevalence of ASD in patients with FNDs, or the prevalence of FNDs in patients with ASD were considered. Critical appraisal was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Three cross-sectional studies which reported the comorbidity of ASD among children presenting with functional seizures met inclusion for meta-analysis. The pooled comorbidity rate of ASD in this group was 10.26% [3.92, 18.95], with an I2 value of 81%, indicating significant heterogeneity between studies. Most included studies ( n = 5) reported on the rates of Somatic Symptom Disorders in adults with ASD. Comorbidity rates were also reported for ASD with Functional Motor Disorders and for mixed FND cohorts. Critical appraisal indicated that studies were underpowered, did not match cases with controls and failed to account for confounding factors. Identifying ASD and FND comorbidity may guide treatment options and reduce the risks of unnecessary medical investigations.

Lay abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and functional neurological disorders (FND) are relatively common conditions, and there has been recent interest in the overlap between them. Both conditions share core features of alexithymia, impaired interoception and deficits in attentional focus. To date, relatively little is known about the comorbidity rates between ASD and FND. This is the first meta-analysis and qualitative synthesis on the subject. We found that around 10% of children presenting with functional seizures have a comorbid ASD diagnosis. People with ASD are more likely than the neurotypical population to have functional somatic disorders, and there is also evidence that ASD rates are higher for other FNDs such as functional motor disorders. Since FND comes with risks of unnecessary medical procedures and investigations, it is important to recognize the potential for people with ASD to have an FND comorbidity.
Pressing back with Jenni Hermoso: Understanding the non-consensual kiss as abusive
Authors: Fowler Catherine
Published: August 2024

The coverage of the Rubiales/Hermoso kiss in the news and broadcast press and the interest that was generated on social media testify to the complexities involved in seeing and understanding a kiss as an act of abuse. This essay borrows Sara Ahmed’s notion of the feminist snap, seeing the kiss as a breakage. But rather than exploring the non-consensual kiss as an end point, it dissects the moment of the kiss, as captured on camera, so as to make visible the build up of pressure that led to the snap. In so doing, the essay identifies how Jenni Hermoso was forced into the kiss by a build up of force, motored by abuses of power, whether from Luis Rubiales directly or Spanish football indirectly. Such an analysis is an attempt to press back against such abuses, along with Hermoso, and thus to leave an impression upon sport more generally. This article is part of a special themed issue on the Rubiales/Hermoso non-consensual kiss.
Experimental study on seismic performance of prestressed concrete solid square piles
Authors: Gong Shunfeng , Zhao Yueqian , Fan Hua , Xu Shunliang , Xu Quanbiao , Ren Junwei , Lu Yong
Published: August 2024

Prestressed concrete solid square (PCSS) piles exhibit superior lateral bearing capacity and durability compared to pretensioned spun concrete pipe piles, and are more suitable for pile foundation engineering in high-intensity seismic regions and corrosive environments. There is still a lack of research on the seismic performances of the pile body of PCSS piles. This paper presents an experimental study and the associated theoretical and finite element (FE) analyses on the seismic performance of PCSS piles. Three full-scale PCSS pile specimens were tested under lateral cyclic loads with various axial force ratios, and the results are analyzed. Following the tests, a theoretical calculation method is proposed for the bearing capacity of PCSS piles. A FE model for PCSS pile specimens is established and validated against the test observations. Based on this model, a parametric analysis is then conducted. The results show that the PCSS pile specimens all exhibit typical flexural failure. Under a low axial force ratio, the failure mode of PCSS pile specimen is governed by the tensile rupture of prestressing tendons. Under a high axial force ratio, the failure is influenced by the crushing of cover concrete, while the concrete in the core zone remains intact, and there is no outward buckling of prestressing tendons and no rupture of stirrups. Increasing the prestressing tendon ratio can simultaneously improve the bearing and deformation capacity under a lower axial force. Under higher axial force ratios, however, increasing the prestressing tendon ratio or concrete strength can improve the bearing capacity but lead to a decline in deformation capacity. Compared to pretensioned spun high-strength concrete (PHC) piles, PCSS piles exhibit better seismic behavior on aspects of deformation capacity and ductility.
Designing the first culturally-sensitive stigma survey tailored for adolescents: RN-CSS
Authors: Saelens Lies , Bockstal Marlies , Bracke Piet , Buffel Veerle , Delaruelle Katrijn , D’hondt Fanny , Stevens Peter A. J. , Ceuterick Melissa
Published: August 2024

Aims:

The Red Noses Culturally-Sensitive Stigma Survey (RN-CSS) contributes to the underexplored research domain of adolescents’ stigmatising attitudes and behaviours towards peers with mental health difficulties and mental healthcare services. It also addresses the need for comprehensive and culturally-sensitive tools to assess stigma in this context.

Methods:

Drawing on insights from focus groups and building upon the existing Stigma in Global Context-Mental Health Study, we have successfully developed and implemented the first culturally-sensitive stigma survey tailored for school-aged adolescents of different migration/cultural backgrounds. The questionnaire includes an unlabelled case vignette depicting a peer with symptoms of depression and gathers data on various domains, including (1) sociodemographic variables; (2) education-related information; (3) COVID-19; (4) perceptions of mental health difficulties and mental healthcare services (i.e. severity assessment, causal attributions, care recommendations, personal stigma, perceived stigma, and service stigma); (5) subjective wellbeing and familiarity with mental health difficulties; (6) social support; (7) school context; (8) bullying; and (9) knowledge of anti-stigma campaigns.

Results:

Our final sample comprises 5075 pupils from 38 secondary schools in Flanders, Belgium.

Conclusions:

In this article, we present the study’s background and rationale, the development of the questionnaire, and the sampling and recruitment methods employed. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the sample characteristics and preliminary descriptive results of the RN-CSS. Subsequent empirical studies will address the research objectives outlined in this protocol paper. The research opportunities provided by the developed materials and dataset are being discussed.
Uncovering sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of osteoarthritis incidence and age-at-diagnosis, 2006–2019
Authors: Kiadaliri Ali , Englund Martin
Published: August 2024

Aim:

To describe sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of incidence and age distributions of first registered osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis in southern Sweden.

Methods:

We identified all Skåne residents aged 35+ who had lived in the region at any point during the period 2006–2019 with no previous OA diagnosis (ICD-10 codes M15–M19) for 8 years prior to inclusion in the study ( n = 849,061). We calculated person-years from inclusion until OA diagnosis, death, emigration, or 31 December 2019, whichever occurred first. Combining sex (female, male), education (low, medium, high) and nativity (Swedish, immigrant), we created a variable with 12 strata. Average annual percent changes in age-standardized incidence rates were estimated using joinpoint regression. Changes in the median age-at-diagnosis (year of diagnosis minus birth year), weighted to the mid-2005 Swedish population, were explored.

Results:

Cumulative age-standardized incidence rates ranged from 116 (95% CI: 111, 121) per 10,000 person-years for immigrant males with low education to 205 (95% CI: 200, 210) for immigrant females with medium education. The estimated average annual percent changes (ranging from 3.4% to 6.1%) were generally similar, with slightly greater variations among immigrants than Swedes. The weighted median age-at-diagnosis was higher for Swedes and low educated people. Immigrant females with low education were the only stratum with a reduction (3 years) in the weighted median age-at-diagnosis over time. Sociodemographic patterns in knee OA incidence were different from patterns for hip OA.

Conclusions:

There were few sociodemographic disparities in temporal trends of OA incidence and age-at-diagnosis, suggesting persistent sociodemographic disparities in OA burden in southern Sweden.
Orthodontic treatment protocol versus Peer Assessment Rating: Assessing the quality of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Shelswell Jonathan D , Kelly Brian M , Hodge Trevor M , Barber Sophy K
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To apply the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) to cases that have been assessed by the NHS Business Service Authority (NHSBSA) using the orthodontic treatment protocol (OTO), then compare the NHSBSA outcome assessment with weighted (W) and unweighted (U) PAR scores.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

UK.

Cases:

Anonymised orthodontic cases submitted to the NHSBSA.

Methods:

A sample of 30 reports from 2021/2022 were randomly selected to include different standard of treatment grades. The records were de-identified and the pre- and post-treatment study models were PAR scored by a calibrated assessor.

Results:

The mean percentage change in PAR was higher in cases from green reports (W: 78%; U: 79%) than amber (W: 68%; U: 67%) and red reports (W: 65%; U: 65%). Alignment and poor buccal segment interdigitation were the most reported concerns for cases included in the red and amber graded reports. A residual increased overjet was the most common occlusal feature leading to PAR scores not being more than 70% improved. Only slight agreement was shown between OTP and PAR using the kappa statistic, and the chi-square statistical test found that outcome measures are statistically significantly different.

Conclusion:

There are fundamental differences between OTP and PAR, and general agreement between them has not been demonstrated. The NHSBSA Report provides a more critical outcome assessment than PAR, identifying elements that are not assessed or measured by the PAR index.
Understanding dementia in minority ethnic communities: The perspectives of key stakeholders interviewed as part of the IDEAL programme
Authors: Victor Christina R. , van den Heuvel Eleanor , Pentecost Claire , Quinn Catherine , Charlwood Catherine , Clare Linda
Published: August 2024

Future populations of older adults in the UK, those aged 65+, will demonstrate increased diversity in terms of their ethnic identity resultant from the ageing of the post-war migrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Caribbean. As a consequence, there will be an increase in the numbers of older adults from these communities living with age-related chronic diseases such as dementia. In response to these demographic changes, we need to develop a research, policy and practice agenda that is inclusive and provides evidence for the development of culturally diverse and effective models of service delivery. This requires engagement with three key stakeholder groups: (a) people with dementia; (b) their carers; and (c) the wider community. As part of the IDEAL research programme on living well with dementia, we undertook semi-structured interviews with twelve community leaders, defined as known and trusted individuals active in their respective communities, and six community members (two people living with dementia and four carers). We explored their understandings, experiences, and views of about dementia. Our analysis identified two overarching themes. The migrant lifecourse highlighted issues of not belonging, discrimination and racism. This framed our second theme, the cultural context of dementia, which addressed dementia knowledge and attitudes, service provision and service access, and how being part of a minority ethnic community made a difference to these experiences. Our study highlights how lifecourse experiences of negative hostile social and policy environments and services can be profound and long-lasting and provide a prism through which accessing dementia care is experienced. Our findings argue for the inclusion of diverse views and lifecourse experiences within the context of developing a dementia strategy for research, policy and practice that is appropriate for a multicultural and heterogenous society.
An intelligent detection approach for multi-part cover based on deep learning under unbalanced and small size samples
Authors: Chen Lerui , Tang Yuk Ming , Ma Yidan , Yung Kai Leung
Published: August 2024

The problem of unbalanced and small samples is main challenge to the application of deep learning in fault detection of complex systems. To address this issue, this paper introduces an intelligent detection approach for multi-part cover (MPC) based on auto-encoder Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (AEWGANs) and structure adaptive adjustment convolution neural network (SAACNN). The proposed approach incorporates data augmentation techniques and a detection algorithm to enhance the accuracy of MPC detection. For the data enhancement, a novel AEGWAN model is proposed to enhance the correlation and reduce the difference between the generated samples and real samples, achieved by replacing the random noise vector in the traditional generative adversarial network (GAN) with hidden variables auto-encoded by real samples. In addition, the Wasserstein distance is utilized to substitute for the Kullback–Leibler divergence or Euclidean distance in traditional GAN as the objective function. This substitution helps ease the gradient disappearance and training instability in the training process. For the detection algorithm, although AEWGAN can expand the samples, there are still differences between the generated and real samples due to the limitations of the model. To further ease the effect of the difference for detection accuracy, a novel energy function constraint model is designed for a convolution neural network. On the basis of the new energy function constraint model, a novel SAACNN is created to adaptively select the optimal network structure, which speeds up network training progress and improves the detection accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by experiments with other models, showcasing its superior capabilities in terms of data enhancement, denoising, and generalization.
An unsupervised context-free forecasting method for structural health monitoring by generative adversarial networks with progressive growing and self-attention
Authors: Gao Shuai , Zou Zhengbo , Zhou Zhenwei , Wan Chunfeng , Xie Liyu , Xue Songtao
Published: August 2024

Ensuring the robust operation of bridges demands swift and precise forecasting of structural performance within the health monitoring system. However, challenges arise in the realm of long-time series forecasting context-free data. These challenges encompass scenarios where there is a lack of reference data pre- and postforecasting, instances of missing data before forecasting (near-forecasting), or predictions of the distant future (far-forecasting). Addressing these issues, a current imperative is the development of a framework adept at efficiently and directly forecasting context-free long-time series data. This article introduces a framework, the convolutional generative adversarial network with progressive growing and self-attention (PSA-CGAN) mechanisms, tailored for forecasting context-free data. The approach employs generative adversarial networks in tasks related to long-time series. Additionally, progressive growing and self-attention mechanisms are harnessed to capture both long- and short-term features in the time series, notably enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the forecasting method. The proposed method undergoes validation through application to two distinct bridge cases, confirming its generality and real-time forecasting prowess. On two bridges, PSA-CGAN can effectively predict acceleration data in various context-free scenarios and is capable of forecasting progressively changing damage data. It provides a valuable reference for predicting damage data. Additionally, the results indicate that PSA-CGAN is a promising and practical solution for the prediction of context-free data. It represents an efficient and rapid tool for damage prediction.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing of Maleficium: Case Study of a “Cursed” Woman Suffering From Unexplained Pain
Authors: Scimeca Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

The present case study describes the application of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) approach to a patient experiencing the distressing memory of an act of apparent ‘maleficium.’ The patient was in treatment due to somatic symptom disorder. Transcripts from the EMDR desensitization session were used to qualitatively describe both the dysfunctional stored memories associated with the apparent sorcery and the healing associations contributing to the zeroing of the alleged subjective unit of disturbance. Changes in psychometric measures of symptoms showed that the patient experienced a relevant and unexpected reduction of different clinical outcomes, with a specific notable effect on the subjective evaluation of pain. An explanation based on adaptive information processing is offered to explain this last unexpected finding.
Examining the Relationship Between Meaningful Engagement and Well-Being Across Men and Women
Authors: Schmelzer Laura , Peters Scott , Mosiniak Gabrielle , Raina Ketki D.
Published: August 2024

While engagement in meaningful activities is associated with well-being, the influence of gender on this relationship is unknown. The study aims to (a) examine the difference between meaningful engagement and well-being for individuals who identify as men and women and (b) explore the association between engagement and well-being in men and women. In this observational study, 256 community-dwelling individuals completed meaningful engagement and well-being measures. Between-group t tests indicated no significant differences between men and women for engagement ( t = 0.595, p = .552) and well-being ( t = 0.818, p = .414). There were fair, positive correlations ( rs = .376; p < .01) between engagement and well-being for men and moderate positive correlations ( rs = .567; p < .01) between engagement and well-being for women. Self-identified gender may influence the relationship between engagement in meaningful activities and the sense of well-being it provides.
Complications of Stem Cell–Based Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Riggle Clara , McLellan Maddison , Bohlen Hunter , Wang Dean
Published: August 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) remains a common cause of knee pain and dysfunction. Stem cell–based injections have been widely used for the treatment of knee OA, but the types and rates of post-injection complications are not well characterized. We sought to characterize the type and severity of adverse events and quantify the frequency of adverse events associated with stem cell injections used to treat knee OA. We conducted a systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the PubMed and the Cochrane library databases for studies on adverse events and complications associated with stem cell–based therapies used to treat knee OA published from January 2000 through June 2021. Inclusion criteria were the use of intra-articular autologous bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) or bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) including microfragmented lipoaspirate, concentrated adipose tissue, cultured stem cells, autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF), or umbilical or placental derived stem cells in human participants. Primary data extracted from included studies were patient demographics, methods of treatment, and reported character, duration, and severity of adverse events. A total of 427 studies were screened, and 48 studies were included, including randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, and retrospective studies. Among the 1924 patients in the analysis, there was an overall 12.3% rate of transient adverse events, the most frequent being swelling and pain at the injection site. Umbilical cord–derived (51.7%) and cultured ADMSC (29.5%) injections had a significantly higher occurrence of these adverse events than BMSC and SVF injections. No other adverse events, including infection, fat embolism, or medical complications, were reported. Despite significant heterogeneity of the included studies in terms of the protocol, formulation, timing, and location of injections, the findings of this systematic review suggest that, in the short term, treatment of knee OA with autologous mesenchymal stem cell injections poses no risk of major complications (infection, sepsis, neoplasm, embolism, or death) and poses moderate risk of swelling and pain at the injection site lasting less than 4 weeks. Further long-term studies are needed to conclusively determine the safety profile of these injections.
Associations Between Perceived Parental and Michigan Middle-School Students’ Lifestyle Characteristics
Authors: Rogers Ryan , Marcotte Kayla , Krallman Rachel , Pai Chih-Wen , Montgomery Daniel , DuRussel-Weston Jean , Kline-Rogers Eva , Eagle Kim A. , Jackson Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2024

Background: Parents play a critical role in their children’s health. We explored the association of children’s perception of their parents’ health behaviors and education level with the health behaviors of middle-school students participating in a school-based wellness program. Methods: Students completed a baseline survey on their dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors, and their parents’ health behaviors and education. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression with random intercept analyzed which child-reported parent behaviors, parent education levels, and demographic factors were associated with healthy child behaviors. Results: Among 4607 students, for all behaviors assessed, children who perceived their parent exhibiting a healthy behavior were more likely to display the same healthy behavior. Healthier diet, more physical activity, and less sedentary habits were reported by students who reported their parents had college or higher education, compared to students who reported their parents had some college or less education. Conclusions: These results encourage increased parental involvement in childhood wellness programs. Additionally, these data suggest interventions which target parents with lower educational attainment may also benefit their children’s health behaviors. As we continue to understand how adolescent behavior is shaped, we can increase the effectiveness of targeted health education for parents and children.
Criminal justice policy as evolutionary: A study of disjointed incrementalism and the evolving definition of victim of trafficking in persons in U.S. law
Authors: Stolz Barbara Ann
Published: August 2024

Criminal justice policy, as public policy, is not the result of a single decision but evolves over time through the policy making process. To demonstrate this premise, the author uses the disjointed incremental framework to analyze the broadening of the definition of a victim of trafficking in persons in U.S. law to encompass not only the foreign-born but also domestic minor sex trafficking victims. The framework characterizes the policy making process, in practice, as limited to a few familiar policy alternatives and preoccupied with ills to be remedied rather than positive goals sought. Trafficking in persons emerged as an international and U.S. policy issue during the 1990s. Analyzing the definitional expansion reveals the evolution of policy over the law’s 20-year history. As criminologists and criminal justice organizations seek to impact national and international criminal justice policy, research enhancing our understanding of the practice of policy making in diverse arenas is critical.
Orbital Trauma Epidemiologic Characteristics by Life Stage
Authors: Irfan Aayma , Punjabi Nihal , Suresh Aishwarya , Waldrop Ian , Inman Jared C. , Sheets Nicholas W.
Published: August 2024

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Objective

This study aims to characterize and compare the epidemiological factors of orbital trauma between life stages by utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a nationally representative database.

Methods

The NEISS was queried for orbital injuries from 2013 to 2022. Demographic data, injury type, injury location, and product related to injury were compared across life stages defined as 0-5 years (young children), 6-17 years (adolescents), 18-64 years (working adults), and >65 years (elderly adults).

Results

7846 orbital injuries were reported in the NEISS from 2013-2022. Incidence increased in all age groups over the study period but was highest in elderly adults. There was a bimodal distribution in the frequency of orbital trauma, with peaks occurring at age<20 and around age 80. Adolescents were most likely to be injured by sports-related products while young children and elderly adults were more likely to be injured by household products. Orbital fractures were the most common type of injury across all age groups (40.6%), with the highest rate observed in working adults. Elderly adults were more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared to working adults (RR 1.62 [1.49-1.77]).

Conclusions

The rate of orbital trauma is increasing over time, especially in elderly adults, highlighting the need for increased and improved preventative and education measures. The age-specific epidemiological factors identified in this study may help improve detection and management of injuries and guide public health initiatives.