bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIPK3 Induces Cardiomyocyte Necroptosis via Inhibition of AMPK‐Parkin‐Mitophagy in Cardiac Remodelling after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhu Pingjun , Wan Kun , Yin Ming , Hu Peng , Que Yifan , Zhou Xin , Zhang Lei , Li Tianzhi , Du Yingzhen , Xu Guogang , Fang Xiangqun
Published: March 2021

Receptor‐interacting protein 3‐ (RIPK3‐) modulated necroptosis plays a critical role in cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the precise regulatory mechanism is not fully elucidated yet. In the present study, we showed that RIPK3 expression was upregulated in myocardial tissue after MI in a mouse model by coronary artery ligation, as well as in the cardiomyocytes following hypoxic injury in vitro. The increase of RIPK3 expression was found to be accompanied by severe cardiac remodelling, cardiac dysfunction, and higher mortality. Elevated RIPK3 expression subsequently abrogated the AMPK pathway that was accompanied by inhibition of Parkin‐mediated mitophagy. Loss of mitophagy increased the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which ultimately induced the cardiomyocyte necroptosis. In contrast, genetic ablation of Ripk3 induced the AMPK/Parkin‐mitophagy pathway, favouring a prosurvival state that eventually inhibited mPTP opening and induced the necroptosis of cardiomyocytes in the post‐MI cardiac remodelling. In conclusion, our results revealed a key mechanism by which necroptosis could be mediated by RIPK3 via the AMPK/Parkin‐mitophagy/mPTP opening axis, which provides a potential therapeutic target in the management of heart failure after MI.
Anemia and Contributing Factors in Severely Malnourished Infants and Children Aged between 0 and 59 Months Admitted to the Treatment Centers of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Chart Review Study
Authors: Takele Wubet Worku , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher , Wolde Haileab Fekadu , Desyibelew Hanna Demelash , Derseh Behailu Tariku , Dadi Abel Fekadu , Mekonnen Eskedar Getie , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
Published: March 2021

Background. Anemia among severely malnourished children is a double burden that could make the treatment outcome of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) more unfavorable. The burden and the factors are, however, uncovered among children in the Amhara region. Therefore, the study was aimed at determining the prevalence of anemia and identifying contributing factors in severely malnourished children aged between 0 and 59 months admitted to the treatment centers of the Amhara region referral hospitals. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted that included 1,301 infants and children, who developed SAM and were admitted to the three referral hospitals of the Amhara region. Data were extracted using a data extraction checklist. The binary logistic regression analysis was employed to show an association between the dependent and independent variables. Multicollinearity was assessed using the variance inflation factor (VIF) and no problem was detected (overall VIF = 1.67). The presence of association was declared based on the

p

-value (≤0.05), and the adjusted odds ratio with its respective 95% confidence interval was used to report the direction, as well as the strength of association. Results. About 41.43% (95% CI: 38.78%–44.13%) of severely malnourished infants and children have developed anemia, of which around half (47%) of them were under six months old. Rural residence (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.14–2.12) and HIV infection (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.04–3.86) were significantly associated with higher odds of anemia. Furthermore, being exclusively breastfed (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.39–0.83) remarkably reduced the likelihood of anemia. Conclusions. This data confirms that anemia among severely malnourished infants and children is a public health problem in the Amhara region. Infants younger than six months were at a higher risk of anemia. Being a rural resident and contracting HIV infection have elevated the occurrence of anemia, whereas being exclusively breastfed decreased the risk. Therefore, the study gives an insight to policymakers and planners to strengthen the existing exclusive breastfeeding practice. Strategies being practiced to prevent HIV transmission and early detection, as well as treatment, should also be strengthened. Furthermore, mothers/caretakers of infants and children residing in the rural areas deserve special attention through delivering nutrition education.
Association of Depression with Uncontrolled Hypertension in Primary Care Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study in Less-Developed Northwest China
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Nanfang , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Li Mei , Yang Zhikang , Wang Zhongrong , Abudereyimu Reyila
Published: March 2021

Background. Hypertensive patients commonly experience comorbid depression, which is closely associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between depression and uncontrolled hypertension in primary care setting of Northwest China. Methods. We used a stratified multistage random sampling method to obtain 1856 hypertensives subjects aged ≥18 years among primary care setting in Xinjiang, Northwest China, between April and October 2019. Depression was evaluated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), with a cut-off score ≥8. We related depression to uncontrolled hypertension, using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for minimally sufficient adjustment set of variables retrieved from a literature-based directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and optimal adjustment set of variables derived from the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Results. A total of 1,653 (89.1%) patients had uncontrolled hypertension. The prevalence of depression was 14.5% and 7.4% among patients with uncontrolled and controlled hypertension. Depression was associated with 1.12-fold increased odds of uncontrolled hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–3.65]. The association remained significant even after adjusting for the minimal sufficient adjustment sets and the optimal adjustment set of variables. Conclusion. Depression is significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension in primary care setting of northwest China. The integrated management of depression and hypertension in the setting might be warranted.
One‐Pot Reducing Agent‐Free Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles/Nitrocellulose Composite Surface Coating with Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities
Authors: Kumarasinghe K. G. U. R. , Silva W. C. H. , Fernando M. D. A. , Palliyaguru L. , Jayawardena P. S. , Shimomura M. , Fernando S. S. N. , Gunasekara T. D. C. P. , Jayaweera P. M.
Published: March 2021

Nitrocellulose with silver nanoparticle (AgNP/NC) composite was prepared in situ using Ag(CH3CO2) and nitrocellulose without any reducing agent. The composite materials synthesized were spray coated onto glass substrates to obtain thin films. The AgNPs/NC composites were characterized by ultraviolet‐visible, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs/NC composite was investigated by tube method and time‐kill kinetic studies against three microbial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The antibiofilm activities were qualitatively determined against all three organisms. Prepared AgNPs/NC films exhibited good antimicrobial activity and significant inhibition of biofilm development against all three microbial species. The effective dispersion of AgNPs/NC in biofilm was responsible for the significant antibiofilm activity of the prepared material. The reported AgNPs/NC composite can be used as coating additive in bacteriocidal paint which can be applied onto surfaces such as in healthcare environments.
Refinements and Generalizations of Some Fractional Integral Inequalities via Strongly Convex Functions
Authors: Farid Ghulam , Yasmeen Hafsa , Jung Chahn Yong , Shim Soo Hak , Ha Gaofan
Published: March 2021

In this article, we have established the Hadamard inequalities for strongly convex functions using generalized Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. The findings of this paper provide refinements of some fractional integral inequalities. Furthermore, the error bounds of these inequalities are given by using two generalized integral identities.
Unsteady Approximate Model of Grouting in Fractured Channels Based on Bingham Fluid
Authors: Ren Bo , Wang Lianguo , Fan Hao , Ding Ke , Wang Kai , Jiang Chongyang
Published: March 2021

It is of great significance for the improvement of grouting technology and engineering practice to master the flow law of grout between parallel plates. However, the traditional calculation model ignores the influence of the inertia term and only considers the stable flow of slurry, so there is a big error in some cases. It is difficult to solve the motion equation of a Bingham fluid considering the inertial force term directly. Combined with the relationship between the steady-state flow equation of a Bingham fluid and a Newtonian fluid, the approximate unsteady-state flow equation of a Bingham fluid suitable for describing slurry flow is constructed. In addition, according to the unsteady flow equation, the relationship between the time and distance of slurry flow in parallel plate fractures can be obtained, and the simplified conditions of the Bingham fluid unsteady flow model are given. Finally, the accuracy of the flow equations and the simplified conditions are verified by experiments and numerical calculations.
Comparison of the Fold and Cusp Catastrophe Models for Tensile Cracking and Sliding Rockburst
Authors: Wei Xinjiang , Wang Xiao , Chen Taotao , Ding Zhi , Wu Xi
Published: March 2021

The failure modes of rockburst in catastrophe theory play an essential role in both theoretical analysis and practical applications. The tensile cracking and sliding rockburst is studied by analyzing the stability of the simplified mechanical model based on the fold catastrophe model. Moreover, the theory of mechanical system stability, together with an engineering example, is introduced to verify the analysis accuracy. Additionally, the results of the fold catastrophe model are compared with that of the cusp catastrophe model, and the applicability of two catastrophe models is discussed. The results show that the analytical results of the fold catastrophe model are consistent with the solutions of the mechanical systems stability theory. Moreover, the critical loads calculated by two catastrophe models are both less than the sliding force, which conforms to the actual situations. Nevertheless, the critical loads calculated from the cusp catastrophe model are bigger than those obtained by the fold catastrophe model. In conclusion, a reasonable result of the critical load can be obtained by the fold catastrophe model rather than the cusp catastrophe model. Moreover, the fold catastrophe model has a much wider application. However, when the potential function of the system is a high-order function of the state variable, the fold catastrophe model can only be used to analyze local parts of the system, and using a more complex catastrophe model such as the cusp catastrophe model is recommended.
Chaos‐Based Engineering Applications with a 6D Memristive Multistable Hyperchaotic System and a 2D SF‐SIMM Hyperchaotic Map
Authors: Yu Fei , Qian Shuai , Chen Xi , Huang Yuanyuan , Cai Shuo , Jin Jie , Du Sichun
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the research of chaos theory has developed from simple cognition and analysis to practical engineering application. In particular, hyperchaotic systems with more complex and changeable chaotic characteristics are more sensitive and unpredictable, so they are widely used in more fields. In this paper, two important engineering applications based on hyperchaos pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) and image encryption are studied. Firstly, the coupling 6D memristive hyperchaotic system and a 2D SF‐SIMM discrete hyperchaotic mapping are used as the double entropy source structure. The double entropy source structure can realize a new PRNG that meets the security requirements, which can pass the NIST statistical test when the XOR postprocessing method is used. Secondly, based on the double entropy source structure, a new image encryption algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses the diffusion‐scrambling‐diffusion encryption scheme to realize the conversion from the original plaintext image to the ciphertext image. Finally, we analyze the security of the proposed PRNG and image encryption mechanism, respectively. The results show that the proposed PRNG has good statistical output characteristics and the proposed image encryption scheme has high security, so they can be effectively applied in the field of information security and encryption system.
Types of Complex Fuzzy Relations with Applications in Future Commission Market
Authors: Khan Madad , Zeeshan Muhammad , Song Seok-Zun , Iqbal Sohail
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduce types of relations on complex fuzzy sets such as the complex fuzzy (CF) inverse relation, complex fuzzy reflexive relation, complex fuzzy symmetric relation, complex fuzzy antisymmetric relation, complex fuzzy transitive relation, complex fuzzy irreflexive relation, complex fuzzy asymmetric relation, complex fuzzy equivalence relation, and complex fuzzy-order relation. We study some basic results and particular examples of these relations. Moreover, we discuss the applications of complex fuzzy relations in Future Commission Market (FCM). We show that the introduction of CF relations to applications of FCMs can give a significant method for describing the temporal dependence between parameters of a Future Commission Market.
Dynamics of a Heterogeneous Constraint Profit Maximization Duopoly Model Based on an Isoelastic Demand
Authors: Askar S. S. , Ibrahim A. , Elsadany A. A.
Published: March 2021

A Cournot duopoly game is a two‐firm market where the aim is to maximize profits. It is rational for every company to maximize its profits with minimal sales constraints. As a consequence, a model of constrained profit maximization (CPM) occurs when a business needs to be increased with profit minimal sales constraints. The CPM model, in which companies maximize profits under the minimum sales constraints, is an alternative to the profit maximization model. The current study constructs a duopoly game based on an isoelastic demand and homogeneous goods with heterogeneous strategies. In the event of sales constraint and no sales constraint, the local stability conditions of the Cournot equilibrium are derived. The initial results show that the duopoly model would be easier to stabilize if firms were to impose certain minimum sales constraints. Two routes to chaos are analyzed by numerical simulation using 2D bifurcation diagram, one of which is period doubling bifurcation and the other is Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. Four forms of coexistence of attractors are demonstrated by the basin of attraction, which is the coexistence of periodic attractors and chaotic attractors, the coexistence of periodic attractors and quasiperiodic attractors, and the coexistence of several chaotic attractors. Our findings show that the effect of game parameters on stability depends on the rules of expectations and restriction of sales by firms.
Antitumor Effect of Inula viscosa Extracts on DMBA‐Induced Skin Carcinoma Are Mediated by Proteasome Inhibition
Authors: El Yaagoubi Ouadie Mohamed , Lahmadi Ayoub , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Filali Hassan , Samaki Hamid , El Antri Said , Aboudkhil Souad
Published: March 2021

The aim of this work is to evaluate the antitumor effect mediated by the proteasome inhibitors of Inula viscosa extracts on skin carcinogenesis. Female Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups depending on the combination of skin cancer‐inducing 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and extract of Inula viscosa treatments. Histology of the affected skin and measurement of proteasome activity were performed to demonstrate the effect of Inula viscosa on mice. The identification of the molecules responsible for this inhibitory activity was carried out through the docking studies. The results showed that Inula viscosa extracts inhibit the development of papilloma in mice. Therefore, the best chemopreventive action of Inula viscosa was observed on mice in which extract treatment was performed before and after the induction of skin carcinogenesis. It was revealed that the ingestion of extracts Inula viscosa delays the formation of skin papillomas in animals and simultaneously decreases the size and number of papillomas, which is also reflected on the skin histology of the mice treated. Structure–activity relationship information obtained from component of Inula viscosa particularly tomentosin, inuviscolide, and isocosticacid demonstrated that distinct bonding modes in β1, β2, and β5 subunits determine its selectivity and potent inhibition for β5 subunit.
A Novel Design of CPW Feed Planar Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Li Xi , Yang Lin
Published: March 2021

A novel planar omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented. The omnidirectional circular polarization characteristics of the planar antenna are the result of the combined effect of a planar quasi-magnetic dipole (PQMD) and a printed electric dipole (PED) in this paper. The CP radiation pattern of the proposed antenna can be achieved by distributing appropriate current amplitude and phase to both elements, respectively. A power divider is used to adjust the amplitude and phase relationship between two basic components. In order to achieve a planar structure, coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed is adopted to feed the quasi-magnetic dipole for the first time. The overall electrical size of antenna is 1.61λ × 0.38λ. Finally, the correctness of our theoretical analysis is verified by processing and measuring this antenna. Through the analysis of the measurement results, we have obtained the following conclusions: the operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna obtained by measurement is from 5.67 to 5.86 GHz, in which the reflection coefficient is less than −10 dB and the axial ratio is less than 3 dB. Within the available bandwidth, the proposed antenna achieves omnidirectional radiation characteristics with a gain between 0.89 and 2.48 dBic.
Lessons Learned after Iatrogenic Complete Transection of the Right Common Carotid Artery with Segmental Vessel Loss
Authors: Cawich Shamir O. , Dwarika Wendell , Mohammed Fawwaz , Ramdass Michael J. , Ragoonanan Vindra , Augustus Megan , Harnanan Dave , Naraynsingh Vijay , Spence Richard
Published: March 2021

Carotid arterial injuries occur in 5-6% of persons with penetrating trauma. Complete transection is rare in civilian practice and is most often due to penetrating injuries. Complete transection as an iatrogenic complication is rare. We present a case where we were required to repair a complete transection of the carotid artery with segmental loss which occurred as an iatrogenic complication during thyroidectomy. We could find no previous reports of this type of iatrogenic complication. The lessons learned during the management of this case were the following: (1) surgeons should call for help early, (2) a multidisciplinary approach ensures that all options are considered, (3) adhere to surgical principles of proximal and distal control, (4) always use atraumatic clamps to control vessels, and (5) flow restoration should be attempted, leaving carotid ligation as the last resort.
Diastolic Cardiac Function Improvement by Liraglutide Is Mainly Body Weight Reduction Dependent but Independently Contributes to B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Reduction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Yagi Kunimasa , Imamura Teruhiko , Tada Hayato , Chujo Daisuke , Liu Jianhui , Shima Yuuki , Ohbatake Azusa , Miyamoto Yukiko , Okazaki Satoko , Ito Naoko , Nakano Kaoru , Shikata Masataka , Enkaku Asako , Takikawa Akiko , Honoki Hisae , Fujisaka Shiho , Origasa Hideki , Tobe Kazuyuki
Published: March 2021

Objectives. A single-arm prospective study was conducted among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes having preserved ejection fraction. The aim was to investigate (1) whether liraglutide therapy could improve B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and diastolic cardiac function assessed by the

E

-wave to

E

′

ratio (

E
/

E

′

) using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and (2) whether

E
/

E

′

contributed to BNP improvement independent of bodyweight reduction (UMIN000005565). Methods. Patients with type 2 diabetes and

left
 
ventricular
 
ejection
 
fraction
 

LVEF

≥
40
%

without heart failure symptoms were enrolled, and daily injection with liraglutide (0.9 mg) was introduced. Cardiac functions were assessed by TTE before and after 26 weeks of liraglutide treatment. Diastolic cardiac function was defined as septal

E
/

E

′

≥
13.0

. Results. Thirty-one patients were analyzed. BNP and

E
/

E

′

improved, with BNP levels declining from

36.8
±
30.5
 
pg
/
mL

to

26.3
±
25.9
 
pg
/
mL

(

p
=
0.0014

) and

E
/

E

′

dropping from

12.7
±
4.7

to

11.0
±
3.3

(

p
=
0.0376

). The LVEF showed no significant changes.

E
/

E

′

improved only in patients with

E
/

E

′

≥
13.0

. Favorable changes in

E
/

E

′

were canceled when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the left ventricular diastolic diameter and

∆
E
/

E

′

/∆BMI contributed to ∆BNP/baseline BNP (

p
=
0.0075

,

R

2

=
0.49264

). Conclusions. Liraglutide had favorable effects on BNP and

E
/

E

′

but not on LVEF.

E
/

E

′

improvement was only seen in patients with diastolic cardiac function. Body weight reduction affected the change of

E
/

E

′

. The BMI-adjusted

E
/

E

′

significantly contributed to the relative change of BNP. GLP-1 analog treatment could be considered a therapeutic option against diabetic diastolic cardiac dysfunction regardless of body weight. This trial is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan, with clinical trial registration number: UMIN000005565.
Foot Posture Index Reference Values among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia and Their Association with Anthropometric Determinants, Balance, Functional Mobility, and Hypermobility
Authors: Alahmari Khalid A. , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Samuel Paul Silvian , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Rengaramanujam Kanagaraj , Ahmad Irshad , Sangadala Devika Rani , Mukherjee Debjani
Published: March 2021

Background. The foot posture index (FPI) is a valid, reliable, and multidimensional method for determining foot posture in a wide range of clinical settings. To date, no normative data of healthy young adults in Saudi Arabia have been available for comparison and reference. Hence, this study is aimed at establishing the FPI reference values, gender, and side differences of FPI and their association with anthropometric determinants, balance, functional mobility, and hypermobility. Methods. FPI was assessed in 581 (291 men and 290 women) healthy young adults aged 18–25 years. The FPI range was obtained for both feet as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, and 2) given to each criterion: (–1 to –12) supinated foot, (0 to +5) neutral foot, and (+6 to +12) pronated foot. The study furthermore assessed the balance using a near tandem balance test, functional mobility by stair ascent and descent test, and joint hypermobility via the Beighton scale. Results. The average FPI score was 2.76 ± 5.23 for all subjects, 2.98 ± 5.02 for men and 2.55 ± 5.43 for women. Neutral foot posture was most frequent in this study (52.9%). A higher proportion of women had pronated (21.0%) and supinated (11.7%) feet than men which were 16.8% and 10.3%, respectively. This study also confirmed that side differences were found to be significant (p value < 0.001), whereas gender differences were significant only in the normal, pronated, and supinated foot groups. Conclusion. The most common foot posture in both genders was ranged from neutral to slight pronation. We also found a correlation between balance with FPI in the supinated and hypersupinated foot groups, functional mobility with FPI of pronated and supinated foot groups, and joint hypermobility with FPI of the hyperpronated foot group.
CP-ABE-Based Secure and Verifiable Data Deletion in Cloud
Authors: Ma Jun , Wang Minshen , Xiong Jinbo , Hu Yongjin
Published: March 2021

Cloud data, the ownership of which is separated from their administration, usually contain users’ private information, especially in the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) environment, because of collecting data from various smart mobile devices inevitably containing personal information. If it is not securely deleted in time or the result of data deletion cannot be verified after their expiration, this will lead to serious issues, such as unauthorized access and data privacy disclosure. Therefore, this affects the security of cloud data and hinders the development of cloud computing services seriously. In this paper, we propose a novel secure data deletion and verification (SDVC) scheme based on CP-ABE to achieve fine-grained secure data deletion and deletion verification for cloud data. Based on the idea of access policy in CP-ABE, we construct an attribute association tree to implement fast revoking attribute and reencrypting key to achieve fine-grained control of secure key deletion. Furthermore, we build a rule transposition algorithm to generate random data blocks and combine the overwriting technology with the Merkle hash tree to implement secure ciphertext deletion and generate a validator, which is then used to verify the result of data deletion. We prove the security of the SDVC scheme under the standard model and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the SDVC scheme through theoretical analysis and ample simulation experiment results.
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Malva sylvestris L., Malva oxyloba Boiss., Malva parviflora L., and Malva aegyptia L. Leaves Extract
Authors: Shadid Khalid A. , Shakya Ashok K. , Naik Rajashri R. , Jaradat Nidal , Farah Husni S. , Shalan Naeem , Khalaf Nooman A. , Oriquat Ghaleb A.
Published: March 2021

Background. The plants brought by Arabs were of real therapeutic values. Ibn Al-Baitar, an Islamic scholar (pharmacist, botanist, and physician), in his encyclopedia wrote the detailed characterization of more than one thousand herbs describing their medicinal value, methods of preparation, and their route of administration. Objectives. The current investigation points towards the quantitative characterization of the phenolic contents among the four edible Malva plants species (Malva sylvestris L., Malva oxyloba Boiss., Malva parviflora L., and Malva aegyptia L.) and also towards assessing their antibacterial activity against one Gram-positive isolate (Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, and Proteus vulgaris. It also aimed to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of hexane, methanolic, aqueous, and acetone extracts of four Malva species. Methods. By utilizing the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure and gallic acid as a reference molecule, the phenolic contents were estimated. In addition, the broth microdilution method was used to evaluate four plants’ 16 extracts, and the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was utilized to assess the abovementioned extracts against oxidative stress. Results. The results showed that the methanolic extract of M. oxyloba has the highest contents of phenols (191.54 ± 2.84 mg of GAE/g) and has the best antioxidant capacity with an IC50 value of 1.94 ± 1.84 µg/ml, which is very close to Trolox. Regarding the ferrous ion chelating activity of the extract, the methanolic extract of M. sylvestris exhibits appreciable activity with IC50 values of 52.7 ± 1.8 µg/ml. In addition, the plant extract and acetone extract of M. sylvestris showed a strong antibacterial activity with an MIC value of 0.0078 mg/ml. Conclusion. The methanolic extract of M. oxyloba has a pharmacological potential as a valuable natural product that can be utilized as a main ingredient in the design and development of new therapeutic formulations. It exerts multiple inhibitory properties against oxidative stress and bacterial growth. As such, it is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases and many types of human infectious diseases.
The Impact of Nerve Involvement on the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients with Curative Gastrectomy: An International Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Yang Kun , Dan Yu-Qing , Choi Yoon Young , Zhou Zong-Guang , Hyung Woo Jin , Hu Jian-Kun , Noh Sung Hoon
Published: March 2021

Background. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the association between the presence of perineural invasion (PNI) and overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer (GC) patients who underwent curative resection, but no consensus has been reached. This study is aimed at determining the prognostic significance of PNI in gastric cancer. Study Design. The data of 2969 patients with gastric cancer and who had undergone curative gastrectomy from 2006 to 2010 in two high-volume hospitals of China and Korea were retrospectively analyzed. PNI positivity was identified when carcinoma cells were found to infiltrate into the perineurium or neural fascicles. The relationships between PNI and other clinicopathological factors were evaluated, and survival analyses were performed. Results. The presence of PNI was detected in 1055 of the 2969 patients (35.5%). Nationality, age, tumor location, size of tumor, differentiation of the tumor, pT stage, pN stage, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion had been associated with PNI positivity. The mean survival time of patients with and without PNI was 62.5 months and 87.3 months, respectively (

P
<
0.001

). However, the presence of PNI was not an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer, except for patients in stage III (

P
=
0.037

, hazard ratio: 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.44). Conclusion. PNI occurs frequently in patients with gastric cancer, and the incidence of PNI increases with the staging of the tumor. The presence of PNI can provide additional information in predicting the survival outcome for those with stage III tumors.
Fuzheng Yiliu Formula Regulates Tumor Invasion and Metastasis through Inhibition of WAVE3 Expression
Authors: Chen Wen-li , Bai Huan-huan , Liu Li-wei , Chen Hong-yu , Shi Qi , Chang Li-sheng , Gou Xiao-jun , Qian Jun
Published: March 2021

Objective. To explore the mechanism of action of Fuzheng Yiliu formula (FZYLF) in regulation of the invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231/Adr human breast cancer cells through WAVE3. Methods. The MDA-MB-231/Adr cells with high invasive ability were screened by Transwell, and the plasmid with high WAVE3 expression was made for transfection. Plasmid transfection efficiency and protein expression level were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting (WB). The effect of FZYLF on cell proliferation and invasion was investigated before and after WAVE3 silencing by flow cytometry. A nude mouse model of tumor metastasis was established to study the antitumor activity of FZYLF. Results. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins of intracellular WAVE3 increased significantly after plasmid transfection, mRNA from 1.37± 0.41 to 9.88 ± 1.31 and protein from 1 ± 0.08 to 5.09 ± 0.03 (

P

 < 0.01). Intervention with FZYLF could significantly affect the activity of MDA-MB-231/Adr cells and inhibit invasion and metastasis, IC50 from 71.04 to 46.41 mg/mL and from 162 ± 14.82 to 81.4 ± 12.05 (

P

 < 0.05 or

P

 < 0.01), and significantly reduce the expression levels of WAVE3 (from 1 ± 0.02 to 0.63 ± 0.04), MMP-9 (from 1 ± 0.05 to 0.63 ± 0.03), NF-κB (p65) (from 1 ± 0.02 to 0.62 ± 0.02), and p-IκBα (from 1 ± 0.03 to 0.68 ± 0.02) (

P

 < 0.05 or

P

 < 0.01). The T/C (%) of FZYLF (13 g crude drug/kg) was 62.06% for MDA-MB-231/Adr tumor xenografted in nude mice, with a tumor inhibition rate of 39.64%. Conclusion. FZYLF can inhibit the invasion and proliferation of the MDA-MB-231/Adr human breast cancer cells, and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of WAVE3 expression.
Enveloping Lie Superalgebras and Killing-Ricci Forms of Bol Superalgebras
Authors: Attan Sylvain
Published: March 2021

In this paper, enveloping Lie superalgebras of Bol superalgebras is introduced. The notion of Killing-Ricci forms and invariant forms of these superalgebras is investigated as generalization of the one of Bol algebras.
Identification of Gene Markers for Survival Prediction of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Based on Integrated Multibody Data Analysis
Authors: Bao Yuwang , Luo Jianxiong , Yu Tianxing , Liu Yang , Li Xiaohua , Lin Qiong , Wang Hao
Published: March 2021

We constructed a prognostic-related risk prediction for patients with lung adenocarcinoma by integrating multiple omics information of lung adenocarcinoma clinical information group and genome and transcriptome. Blood samples and cancer and paracancerous lung tissue samples were collected from 480 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. DNA and RNA sequencing was performed on DNA samples and RNA samples. The first follow-up was carried out 3 months after discharge. Clinical information of patients including age, gender, smoking history, and TNM stage was collected. The Cox proportional hazard model evaluated more than 600 potential SNPs related to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. After LASSO analysis, we obtained 4 SNPs related to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (including rs1059292, rs995343, rs2013335, and rs8078328). Through the Cox proportional hazard model, 260 candidate genes related to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma were evaluated. After subsequent analysis, 3 genes related to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LDHA, SDHC, and TYMS) were obtained. All survived patients were spilt into a high-risk group (

n
=
170

) and a low-risk group (

n
=
170

) according to 4 SNPs and 3 genes related to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. The overall survival rate of patients in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group. The prognostic risk prediction index constructed by combining clinical information group and genomic and transcriptome characteristics of multiomics information can effectively distinguish the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, which will provide effective support for the precise treatment of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Effects of Post‐Resuscitation Normoxic Therapy on Oxygen‐Sensitive Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Okuma Yu , Becker Lance B. , Hayashida Kei , Aoki Tomoaki , Saeki Kota , Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Shoaib Muhammad , Miyara Santiago J. , Yin Tai , Shinozaki Koichiro
Published: March 2021

Background

Cardiac arrest (CA) can induce oxidative stress after resuscitation, which causes cellular and organ damage. We hypothesized that post‐resuscitation normoxic therapy would protect organs against oxidative stress and improve oxygen metabolism and survival. We tested the oxygen‐sensitive reactive oxygen species from mitochondria to determine the association with hyperoxia‐induced oxidative stress.

Methods and Results

Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 10‐minute asphyxia‐induced CA with a fraction of inspired O
2
of 0.3 or 1.0 (normoxia versus hyperoxia, respectively) after resuscitation. The survival rate at 48 hours was higher in the normoxia group than in the hyperoxia group (77% versus 28%,
P
<0.01), and normoxia gave a lower neurological deficit score (359±140 versus 452±85,
P
<0.05) and wet to dry weight ratio (4.6±0.4 versus 5.6±0.5,
P
<0.01). Oxidative stress was correlated with increased oxygen levels: normoxia resulted in a significant decrease in oxidative stress across multiple organs and lower oxygen consumption resulting in normalized respiratory quotient (0.81±0.05 versus 0.58±0.03,
P
<0.01). After CA, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species increased by ≈2‐fold under hyperoxia. Heme oxygenase expression was also oxygen‐sensitive, but it was paradoxically low in the lung after CA. In contrast, the HMGB‐1 (high mobility group box‐1) protein was not oxygen‐sensitive and was induced by CA.

Conclusions

Post‐resuscitation normoxic therapy attenuated the oxidative stress in multiple organs and improved post‐CA organ injury, oxygen metabolism, and survival. Additionally, post‐CA hyperoxia increased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and activated the antioxidation system.
Antiatherosclerotic Phenotype of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Surrounding the Saphenous Vein in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Mikami Takuma , Furuhashi Masato , Sakai Akiko , Numaguchi Ryosuke , Harada Ryo , Naraoka Syuichi , Kamada Takeshi , Higashiura Yukimura , Tanaka Marenao , Ohori Shunsuke , Sakurada Taku , Nakamura Masanori , Iba Yutaka , Fukada Joji , Miura Tetsuji , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi
Published: March 2021

Background

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is associated with metabolically driven chronic inflammation called metaflammation, which contributes to vascular function and the pathogenesis of vascular disease. The saphenous vein (SV) is commonly used as an essential conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting, but the long‐term patency of SV grafts is a crucial issue. The use of the novel “no‐touch” technique of SV harvesting together with its surrounding tissue has been reported to result in good long‑term graft patency of SV grafts. Herein, we investigated whether PVAT surrounding the SV (SV‐PVAT) has distinct phenotypes compared with other PVATs of vessels.

Methods and Results

Fat pads were sampled from 48 patients (male/female, 32/16; age, 72±8 years) with coronary artery disease who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Adipocyte size in SV‐PVAT was significantly larger than the sizes in PVATs surrounding the internal thoracic artery, coronary artery, and aorta. SV‐PVAT and PVAT surrounding the internal thoracic artery had smaller extents of fibrosis, decreased gene expression levels of fibrosis‐related markers, and less metaflammation, as indicated by a significantly smaller extent of cluster of differentiation 11c–positive M1 macrophage infiltration, higher gene expression level of adiponectin, and lower gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, than did PVATs surrounding the coronary artery and aorta. Expression patterns of adipocyte developmental and pattern‐forming genes were totally different among the PVATs of the vessels.

Conclusions

The phenotype of SV‐PVAT, which may result from inherent differences in adipocytes, is closer to that of PVAT surrounding the internal thoracic artery than that of PVAT surrounding the coronary artery or that of PVAT surrounding the aorta. SV‐PVAT has less metaflammation and consecutive adipose tissue remodeling, which may contribute to high long‐term patency of grafting when the no‐touch technique of SV harvesting is used.
Imitating the Divine Interruption of Deteriorating Human Conversations: Speaking the Gospel in a New Language
Authors: Kendall Sanders Jennifer
Published: March 2021

Recent scholarship uses the metaphor of language to articulate why, even with good intentions, we Christians can hand on meanings and values at odds with the Christian message. Our “native” languages foreground our worlds, readily conforming our minds to the very realm we are called to transform (Rom 12:2). Related to the problem of “languages” is the brokenness of our conversations, themselves. Conversation can become a tool of destruction rather than a means of transformation. We Christians need a “new foundational language” in which to communicate the kerygma. This language is capable not only of communicating meanings and values that are faithful to the Christian message, but it is also capable of healing the very conversations we have by healing “the conversation that we are.” This article suggests how we Christians can learn a new foundational language by unfolding the radical consequences of our Trinitarian belief.
Mass Intentions: The Historical Development of a Practice: [Mass Intentions—Part One]
Authors: Baldovin John F.
Published: March 2021

The issue of Mass intentions, where the priest is asked to “apply” a particular Mass for the intention of a donor, has been somewhat neglected in contemporary Eucharistic theology. But the continued practice raises a number of theological questions especially in light of the liturgical reform initiated by the Second Vatican Council. This article (the first of two) surveys the complex factors that went into the development of this practice. [ Editor’s note: The second part will be published in the March 2021 issue.]
The Fragility of Grace in the Karamazov World—and Ours
Authors: Tilley Terrence W.
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the vision of Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov as a narrative riff on Kant’s three basic questions. The novel shows what it means to live out “What can I know?” “What ought we do?” and “What may we hope?” It argues that this approach, combined with a rejection of the modernist dichotomy of “faith vs. reason,” overcomes the problems many critics see in the text. Ivan lives out a “first critique materialism”; Zosima and Alyosha show how to live out a “revised second critique solidarity”; the evolution of Grushenka and Dmitri—both “different people” in the final third of the novel than they were earlier—demonstrates “what we may hope.” Dostoevsky does, despite some critics’ claims, offer realistic responses to Ivan’s profound challenges to faith in the often-excerpted chapters, “Rebellion” and “The Grand Inquisitor.” The essay suggests that the lessons the novel teaches are applicable in our own world, where grace is also fragile. Grace can be rejected, as it is by Ivan, yet also be found in and through flawed vessels like Zosima, Alyosha, Grushenka, and Dmitri.
Hans Urs von Balthasar and the Meaning of Christmas
Authors: Walatka Todd
Published: March 2021

Balthasar’s reflections on the mystery of Christmas provide not only a basic entry into his thought, but also an expanded view of his theological vision. Drawing primarily upon his sermons and scriptural meditations, this essay presents a Balthasar both familiar and new: ideas at the heart of his Christology, Trinitarian theology, Mariology, and anthropology receive significant attention. Yet Balthasar’s reflections on Christmas also provide some of his most important engagements with less-noticed themes—particularly regarding Christian praxis toward the poor and oppressed. More than in other texts, these shorter pieces routinely insist that each Christian is called to follow the path taken by the Son of God and set out into the world in service of the poor and lowly.
Entrepreneurial Framing: A Literature Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: Snihur Yuliya , Thomas Llewellyn D. W. , Garud Raghu , Phillips Nelson
Published: March 2021

There is increasing recognition among scholars that entrepreneurs use framing to legitimize their ventures and the broader fields within which they operate. Yet, there is no unifying framework to bring together existing theoretical perspectives on entrepreneurial framing and to make sense of their underlying mechanisms. Based on an integrative review of prior studies, we propose a conceptual framework for organizing this important literature. Our review also suggests directions for future research on entrepreneurial framing.
Leveraging Emotional Intelligence Competencies for Sustainable Development of Higher Education Institutions in the New Normal
Authors: Warrier Uma , John Monoo , Warrier Surendranath
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all the economies and brought in an unprecedented change across sectors, especially the academic sector. Adapting to the new normal seems to be the only way forward for millennial scholars. This study explores the possibility of augmenting learning and the holistic development of scholars of higher education institutions (HEIs) by leveraging emotional intelligence (EI) to strategize practices that help in learning and development for the unforeseen future. Sustainable development strategies for HEIs are important imperatives in the new normal. This qualitative study using thematic analysis draws inputs from focus group discussions among 21 psychologists who are university campus counsellors. Fear of uncertainty and Impulse control emerged as major themes for student challenges in the new normal. Study findings illustrate the suitability of EI strategies for millennials to cope with the uncertainty skills and competencies needed for adapting. EI dimensions like self-awareness, self-control, adaptability and general mood are most relevant to deal with unknown future challenges. Sub-themes of stakeholder initiatives were identified as inclusion of EI in curriculum, life skill training and mental health profiling. This original study adds value as an exploratory study to form the foundation for quantitative analysis and shares perspectives for stakeholders of higher education.
Quantitative Demands, Burnout, and Allied Outcomes for Indian Police Officers
Authors: Kumar Anil , Narula Sarang
Published: March 2021

Policing job is quantitatively demanding and may draw upon officer’s resources. This study aimed to examine quantitative demands’ effects for officers’ burnout and allied outcomes. Specifically, the study examined a mediation model that incorporated burnout as a mediator of quantitative demands’ relationship with job satisfaction, commitment to the workplace, organizational citizenship behaviours, health, work–family conflict, and feeling to quit. Using a cross-sectional (paper–pencil version) design, the study examined the model in a non-random sample of 1,223 officers of an Indian state, Haryana. The results showed that quantitative demands were associated positively with burnout, and burnout partially transmitted quantitative demands’ effect on job satisfaction, work–family conflict, and feeling to quit. The results vis-à-vis other outcomes revealed inconsistent mediation of burnout (i.e., suppression situations). As expected, quantitative demands, via burnout, had a negative effect on commitment to the workplace, organizational citizenship behaviours, and health; however, the concerned direct effect was against expectation. Apart from contribution to knowledge, the study’s findings are potentially of value for the government and police administrators. Practical implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.
Management of Maxillary Radicular Cyst by Using the Titanium-Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin (T-PRF): A Case Report
Authors: Çevik Tuğçe , Genc Emine Cansu , Koraltan Melike
Published: March 2021

Radicular cysts are the most common inflammatory cysts of the jaws. Surgical intervention aims to eliminate periapical pathology in order to allow bone regeneration and healing of periapical tissues. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin is a healing biomaterial in oral surgical defects with the new perspective of accelerated healing. Titanium-prepared platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF) is a third-generation platelet concentrate developed to overcome the harmful effects of silica in glass tubes and also has a longer resorption rate. The purpose of this case report is to present the effects of T-PRF applied to the bone defect that occurs after the enucleation of the radicular cyst. A significant increase in bone density was observed after eight months of follow-up. T-PRF has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bone defects. Therefore, it is thought that it can be used as the only regenerative material in the treatment of bone defects.