bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TARGET STUDENT MOTIVATION AS ONE OF THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF LEARNING EFFICIENCY
Authors:   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan, Satynskaya A.K. , Suleimenova G.A. ,   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan, Semenov L.A. ,   Innovative University Of Eurasia, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The effectiveness of the student learning is an urgent problem today, since with the transition to credit technology, the proportion of students' independent work, responsibility for the quality of work organization and self-control has increased. At this stage, it is very important to support students, help them to cope with possible problems in learning. Therefore, it is important for the teacher to understand the student's motivation to learn, to support and develop it. In this article, the authors consider ways to solve this problem, conclude that motivation for successful learning is a complex system that consists of the motives, goals, tasks of the persons participating in learning. The article describes the learning process in the form of a mathematical formula, where one of the components is the target motivation of students.
PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR FORMING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF A FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER WITH AN ADDITIONAL SPECIALIZATION IN "INFORMATICS"
Authors:   Abay Kazakh national pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of  Kazakhstan, Kdyrbayeva A.A. , Akpaeva A.B. ,   Abay Kazakh national pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of  Kazakhstan, Stambekova A.S. ,   Abay Kazakh national pedagogical University, Almaty, Republic of  Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to describe psychological and pedagogical conditions for forming a system of information technology competences in the process of professional training of a future primary school teacher with additional specialization "Informatics". The basis of the article was formed by practical materials of the authors accumulated in the course of their long-term pedagogical activity in the university, as well as by the analysis of literary sources devoted to the theoretical basis of mathematics and informatics of primary school. The problem of this article concerns the activity of the university teachers on formation of professional competences of future teachers of primary classes with additional specialization "Informatics". In particular, the article provides a justification of the necessity of training future teachers aimed at mastering special skills of application (use) of media technologies in the educational process of primary school. The results of the study can be used in compiling educational programs, methodological recommendations and guidelines for designing the process of forming information and technological competencies of primary school teachers.
ESSENCE OF INTEGRATIVE LEARNING AND POSSIBLE WAYS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Abay Kazakh national pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Naimanova D. , Lebedyeva L. ,   Abay Kazakh national pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the integrative approach in teaching junior schoolchildren, the degree of its study, relevance and significance, reveals the essence and content of integrated learning. The concept of an integrative approach to teaching as a special model for the implementation of the complexity, integrity of knowledge of students, the development of their systemic thinking and scientific worldview are disclosed. The issues of updating the principle of integration in the educational process of primary school students and instilling critical thinking skills in them are considered. The use of innovative teaching methods allows you to accelerate the integration process and at the initial stage to identify the student's ability to learn and study certain sciences. The integrative approach allows you to implement the principle of interconnection in any component of the pedagogical process and affects its integrity and consistency.
BRANDING EMOCIONAL Y EL MANEJO DE LOS SENTIDOS COMO FUENTE DE CONEXIÓN CON LA MARCA CIUDAD: CASO MANTA.
Authors: Hernández Soria Lizeth Elisa , Cedeño Víctor Solís , Palma Avellán Ana Manuela , Arteaga Flores Rossanna
Published: June 2021

El trabajo de investigación, desarrollado tuvo como objetivo demostrar en qué medida el branding emocional a través del manejo de los sentidos es una fuente de conexión con la marca ciudad: caso Manta. Se recolectó información cualitativa de tipo exploratorio para comprender las perspectivas y expectativas de los habitantes frente a la ciudad y su marca, además en el proceso se generó una discusión en cuanto a la concepción que tienen los ciudadanos de esta. Mediante un estudio cuantitativo, con diseño descriptivo, correlacional no experimental, a través de una encuesta estructurada con una escala comparativa de Likert, conformada por 40 ítems y validada con el coeficiente de Cronbach, obteniendo un valor de 0,994 y aplicada a 383 habitantes de la ciudad de Manta. Procesando los datos en el programa estadístico SPSS, se determinó de acuerdo al coeficiente de Rho de Spearman, una correlación positiva significativa entre las variables de estudio. Comprobando que el branding emocional y el manejo de los sentidos son una fuente de conexión con la ciudad de Manta con una correlación de (0,970). Asimismo, los estímulos sensoriales con un valor de (0,983). Igualmente, las experiencias sensoriales con una significancia de (0,897). También en cuanto a los estímulos publicitarios se evidenció una correlación de (0,869). Sobre las emociones se obtuvo un nivel correlacional de (0,979). Finalmente, en cuanto a la innovación de imagen de marca se determinó una significancia de (0,895).
Acute or chronic periprosthetic joint infection? Using the ESR ∕ CRP ratio to aid in determining the acuity of periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Christopher Zachary K. , McQuivey Kade S. , Deckey David G. , Haglin Jack , Spangehl Mark J. , Bingham Joshua S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Introduction: The gold standard for determining the duration of
periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a thorough history. Currently, there
are no well-defined objective criteria to determine the duration of PJI, and little evidence exists regarding the ratio between ESR (mm/h) and CRP
(mg/L) in joint arthroplasty. This study suggests the ESR / CRP ratio will help differentiate acute from chronic PJI. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with PJI was performed. Inclusion
criteria: patients >18 years old who underwent surgical revision
for PJI and had documented ESR and CRP values. Subjects were divided into
two groups: PJI for greater (chronic) or less than (acute) 4 weeks and the
ESR / CRP ratio was compared between them. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were evaluated to determine the utility of the ESR / CRP ratio in
characterizing the duration of PJI.
Results: 147 patients were included in the study (81 acute and 66 chronic).
The mean ESR / CRP ratio in acute patients was 0.48 compared to 2.87 in
chronic patients (p<0.001). The ESR / CRP ROC curve demonstrated an excellent area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899. The ideal cutoff value was 0.96 for
ESR / CRP to predict a chronic (>0.96) vs. acute (<0.96) PJI. The sensitivity at this value was 0.74 (95 % CI 0.62–0.83) and
the specificity was 0.90 (95 % CI 0.81–0.94).
Conclusions: The ESR / CRP ratio may help determine the duration of PJI in
uncertain cases. This metric may give arthroplasty surgeons more confidence
in defining the duration of the PJI and therefore aid in treatment
selection.
The influence of snow on sea ice as assessed from simulations of CESM2
Authors: Holland Marika M. , Clemens-Sewall David , Landrum Laura , Light Bonnie , Perovich Donald , Polashenski Chris , Smith Madison , Webster Melinda
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We assess the influence of snow on sea ice in experiments using the Community Earth System Model, version 2 for a pre-industrial and a 2xCO2 climate state. In the pre-industrial climate, we find that increasing simulated snow accumulation on sea ice results in thicker sea ice and a cooler climate in both hemispheres. The sea ice mass budget response differs fundamentally between the two hemispheres. In the Arctic, increasing snow results in a decrease in both sea ice growth and sea ice melt due to the snow’s impact on conductive heat transfer and albedo, respectively. This leads to a reduced amplitude in the annual cycle of ice thickness. In the Antarctic, with increasing snow, ice growth increases due to snow-ice formation and is balanced by larger basal ice melt. In the warmer 2xCO2 climate, the Arctic sea ice sensitivity to snow depth is small and reduced relative to that of the pre-industrial climate. Whereas, in the Antarctic, the sensitivity to snow on sea ice in the 2xCO2 climate is qualitatively similar to the sensitivity in the pre-industrial climate. These results underscore the importance of accurately representing snow accumulation on sea ice in coupled earth system models, due to its impact on a number of competing processes and feedbacks.
Vielfältige Wege. Regionale und überregionale Migrationen
Authors: Steidl Annemarie
Published: June 2021

Manifold Paths. Regional and Superregional Migrations. People of Lower Austria, whether living in an urban area, in small towns or in the capital Vienna, moved over shorter and longer distances, crossing administrative, geographic, and cultural borders. New people from other provinces or from other nations settled in Lower Austria, while few left the Habsburg province. Many migrations were characterized by seasonal moves. Processes of industrialization and urbanization intensified spatial mobility. During the nineteenth century, social life in Lower Austria was characterized by various and highly flexible migration patterns.
Ständischer Verfall und industrielle Mobilisierung. Die Arbeiter*innenschaft in Wiener Neustadt und dem Viertel unter dem Wienerwald
Authors: Rosecker Michael
Published: June 2021

The Decline of the Estates and Industrial Mobilization. Workers in Wiener Neustadt and the Quarter below the Vienna Woods. Industrialization is a multi-dimensional historical process that put the lives of many people under enormous pressure to change. At the centre of this process stood the development of relationships of capitalist production and the emergence of supraregional and national markets. The result was an intensification of a process of commodification, a marketing of human work. As wage labour gradually became the central element of production, large groups of different manual workers and marginalized social groups lost their non-capitalist subsistence base and were exposed to this transformation process. This forced them into new working and living conditions. Associated with this was a new social stratification and formation of society for which the term “class” became a central element in the description of the new economic conditions and social positions within them. This chapter describes the emergence of the “working class” as a new social class using the example of the Viertel unter dem Wienerwald, a centre of industrialization in the Habsburg Monarchy.
Brot für die Hauptstadt. Niederösterreich und die Nahrungsversorgung Wiens
Authors: Albrecht Jonas
Published: June 2021

Bread for the Metropolis. Lower Austria and Vienna’s Food Supply. This chapter analyses the food supply to the city of Vienna during the first half of the 19th century, with a focus on two key points: first, it will be argued that the period before the introduction of industrial means of transportation has been largely neglected by historians when it comes to the history of Vienna’s food supply and the Lower Austrian industries involved. Second, the chapter shows that this story can only be told as a history of growing cross-border interconnections and commodity flows. The study thus analyses the food or commodity chain of grain. It concludes that well before 1850, bread consumption in Vienna and flour production in the city’s southern environs were essentially integrated into international commodity chains, profiting from streams of raw materials from relatively distant regions and ecosystems on the empire’s periphery.
Brüchige "Heimatfront". Mobilisierung und Überleben im Hinterland im Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Langthaler Ernst
Published: June 2021

The Fragile “Home Front”. Mobilisation and Livelihood in the Hinterland during the First World War. The imagined community of the “Home Front” in the First World War demanded a high degree of “willingness to make sacrifices” from members of civil society, above all women and children, in order to mobilise their (im-)material resources for the war effort. However, as revealed by the fields of the “food front” and the “school front”, the creation of an imperial community of sacrifice ultimately failed – not only on the empire’s periphery, but also in the centre: the imperial capital of Vienna and the Lower Austrian heartland. This attempt at community-building failed due to internal tensions rather than external opponents of the war: victimised groups of wartime society mobilised counter-movements, thereby depriving the civil and military authorities of their legitimacy.
Sonntagsausflug, Sommerfrische, Wintersport. Moderner Tourismus ohne Grenzen
Authors: Kreuzer Bernd
Published: June 2021

Sunday Trips, Summer Resorts and Winter Sports. Modern Tourism without Borders. The growing demand of urban societies for leisure activities and recreation in pure nature, caused by urbanisation and industrialisation, was met by picturesque landscapes in the surroundings of Vienna. In accordance with the prevailing Romantic ideas, these landscapes were first improved and developed by railways before being used increasingly intensively by the upper classes, soon to be followed by the middle and, ultimately, in part by the lower classes too. Tourism and leisure activities spread from Sundays only to the whole year, including winter time, and from the close vicinity of Vienna to the remotest parts of Lower Austria. On the eve of World War I, the vast majority of Lower Austria was more or less shaped by tourism in all its variety, be it summer resorts, day trips, alpinism, winter sports, urban tourism, or health tourism. Lower Austria thus became the core region of Austrian tourism, ranking above all areas of the Empire.
Monumente zu Ehren Kaiser Josephs II. Ökonomisierung und Standardisierung im Denkmalkult
Authors: Telesko Werner
Published: June 2021

Monuments in Honour of Emperor Joseph II. Economization and Standardization in the Cult of Monuments. The Habsburg Emperor Joseph II (r. 1765–1790) was commemorated in the late 19th century in the Austrian hereditary lands, especially in Lower Austria, and in Bohemia, by means of numerous full-length monuments, whereby the ruler was held in high esteem above all because of his religious policy and the liberation of the peasantry he initiated. Most of the statues come from the Moravian foundry in Blansko and do not show elaborate iconographic programmes, but were intended to popularise the regent in the form of generally understandable, easily recognisable solutions. This production demonstrates on the one hand the economization of the cult of monuments directly linked to casting technology, and on the other hand the politicizing coding of entire regions characteristic of the late 19th century which – far from the major metropolises – became hotly contested sites of the Habsburg culture of remembrance.
Design Thinking to Create a Remote Patient Monitoring Platform for Older Adults' Homes
Authors: Kolnick H. A. , Miller Jennifer , Dupree Olivia , Gualtieri Lisa
Published: June 2021

How might clinicians collect the vitals needed for effective scheduled video visits for older adults? This challenge was presented by AARP to graduate students in a Digital Health course at Tufts University School of Medicine. The design thinking process was used to create a product that would meet this need, keeping the needs and constraints of older adults, especially those with chronic conditions or other barriers to health, central to the solution. The initial steps involved understanding and empathizing with the target audience through interviews and by developing personas and scenarios that identified barriers and opportunities. The later steps were to ideate potential solutions, design a prototype, and define product success. The design thinking process led to the design of Home Health Hub, a remote patient monitoring (RPM) platform designed to meet the unique needs of older adults. Additionally, Home Health Hub can conceivably benefit all users of telehealth, regardless of health status—an important need during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in general due to increased use of virtual visits. Home Health Hub is one example of what can be achieved with the dedicated use of design thinking. The design thinking process can benefit public health practice as a whole by encouraging practitioners to delve into a problem to find the root causes and empathize with the needs and constraints of stakeholders to design innovative, human-centered solutions.
Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Ersoy Zeynep , Çekmen Nedim , Torgay Adnan
Published: June 2021

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the gold standard treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Understanding of the multisystem physiology of end stage liver desease (ESLD) is fundamental to the management of transplant recipient. Since OLT is a very dynamic process, a multidisciplinary approach and optimization is essential in the perioperative period. During the management anesthesiologists should focus on significant hemodynamic instability, physiology, metabolic disturbance and coagulopathy of those patients. The aim of this review was to summarize peroperative and anesthesia management in line with the guidelines.
ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL AIR VELOCITY FOR TUNNEL FIRES CONTROLED BY VENTILATION
Authors: Lanchava Omar
Published: June 2021

No Abstract
Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Pemecahan Masalah terhadap Sikap Tegas Mahasiswa dalam Mengambil Keputusan Memilih Karier pada Mahasiswa Farmasi
Authors: Enny Fitriani  , Nurasyah
Published: June 2021

The research has the objective of knowing the effect of group guidance services with problem-solving techniques on student assertiveness in making career choices. The research method used in this study is a quasi-experimental research method, where from a population of 30 people, a sample of 10 people was taken by simple random sampling. Student assertiveness in making career decisions is 59.1 and after giving group guidance services the post-test = 88.7 is obtained. This means that the average score of students' assertiveness in making decisions about choosing a career was higher after being given group guidance services than before being given group guidance services, the assertiveness of students in making decisions about choosing a career was 29.6. The results of the implementation of group guidance services with problem-solving techniques on student assertiveness have a significant positive impact on the decision to choose a career.
Facile Synthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d] pyrimidine-2,4 (1H,3H) -dione Analogs via One Pot Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Shafi Shumaila , Chand Ammara , Nawaz Mehwish , Parveen Rashida , Munawar Saba , Ishfaq Mateeba , Sheikh Munazza , Maryam Ayesha , Saleem Tahira
Published: June 2021

Indeed, MCR technology is widely acknowledged now for its impact on drug discovery projects and is strongly supported by industry as well as academia. Uracil is an important one of the five nucleobases and significantly important because of their biological properties; of which 6-amino uracil is most important and can act as nucleophile and electrophile. 6-Aminouracils being rich are used as starting materials for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds of biological significance such as pyrido-, pyrazolo, pyrimido and pyrimidines derivatives. 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione have been synthesized by various conventional methods. However, these methods have drawbacks such as unsatisfactory yields and tedious work-up etc.  In the present work, we would like to report a new route for the synthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4 (1H,3H)-dione in MCRs.
Probiotic as Immune Modulator; A New Trend in Medication
Authors: Mahmood Zahed , Zahid Muazzama , Jahangeer Muhammad , Riasat Areej , Munir Naveed , Asad Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Probiotics are live microbes that confer beneficial health effects to the host when administered in sufficient amount. The dead bacteria may express the properties of probiotic components. The most common strains of probiotics are lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, these are also present in functional food stuffs mostly in dairy and fermented foods. The use of probiotics based on the goal of producing food microbes that are healthy for intestine and food ingestion. Basically, the purpose of probiotics is to prevent from pathogens and maintain the proper gastrointestinal functions. The probiotics ameliorate many digestive disorders included, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome and antibiotic associated diarrhea. Probiotics also treat other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, liver diseases, cancer and in the treatment of HIV. The patients of HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy, they, may have dysbiosis of gut microbiom. The probiotics are useful for the prevention of immunological activity of gut. Probiotics have different mechanism of action such as colonization of perturbed microbes in intestine, pathogens exclusion competitively, mucin production cell adhesion, production of short chain fatty acids and immune system modulation mainly differentiate the T regs and increase the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and growth factors.
Anti MRSA and Antiviral Evaluation of Nano Silver Against Avian Influenza virus
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Sannan , Musaddiq Hira , Shahzad Mirza Imran
Published: June 2021

Preparation of nano sized silver particles was performed by using flower extract of Aerva javanica (AJ). Conversion of Ag+ ions to nanoscaled Ago was carried out in 90 min reaction by green approach. Antiviral potential of nanosilver (NS) was evaluated against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) strain H9N2, in 9-11 days old chicken embryonated eggs. Synthesized particles were also screened against four methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains by well diffusion method. Formation of spherical particles was confirmed by SPR band at 428 nm. XRD analysis confirmed face centred cubic crystal structure of particles with average particle size of 15 nm as calculated by Debye–Scherrer’s formula. Remarkable anti AIV activity was observed from NS particles with IC50 value 50 ?g/ml and this value is 200 times greater control drug i.e., Amantadine. Synthesized particles were also screened against four methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains by well diffusion method. Significantly high antiviral and antibacterial activities were observed from nanosilver particles against AIV H9N2 and all four MRSA strains.Keywords:
A Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Docking Studies
Authors: Shafiq Nusrat , Rasul Azhar , Ashraf Sonia , Parveen Shagufta , Zafar Iqbal Sania , Kim Ki Hyun , Khan Rashid , Ali Basharat , Jabeen Farhat , Naureen Sadia
Published: June 2021

A series of halogenated pyrimidine derivatives tetrahydropyrimidine; Ethyl-6-methyl2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (10a), Ethyl-4-(3-Chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5- carboxylate (10b) andEthyl-4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (10c) were synthesized by using new strategy in “Grindstone protocol “toget high yield in short time. The synthesized compounds werecharacterized by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectral data and evaluated for their anticanceractivityagainsthuman HepG2 Liver cell lines, for antifungal and insecticidal activities.All the synthesized compounds (10a-c) were studied to measure the interactions bydocking study.
CIRCULAR RNA – miRNA MEDIATED INTERACTION IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors:   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria., Doneva Yordanka , Valkov Veselin ,   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria., Kashlov Yavor ,   Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria., Mihaylova Galya ,   Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria., Angelov Atanas ,   First Clinic of Cardiology, UMHAT St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria., Radanova Maria ,   Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: June 2021

Circular RNA (circRNAs) belong to the long non-coding RNA family, but unlike the linear RNA in circular RNA, the 3’ and 5’ end in the RNA molecule are joined together, forming their circular structure. Until recently, circRNAs have been believed to be a side product of splicing, but now it is known that they have a wide range of biological functions, from regulators of gene expression to regulators of other non-coding RNAs - microRNAs (miRNAs). CircRNAs have the potential of being therapeutic targets and biomarkers for diseases. There are little data and only several investigations about this type of RNAs in myocardial infarction in humans. This review summarizes the role of some new circRNA – miRNA interactions in the development of Myocardial Infarction.
Biogas Production Using Codigestion of Organic Residues with Malt Bagasse
Authors: Nascimento Henrique Sousa do , Magalhães Geísa Vieira Vasconcelos , de Souza-Filho José Demontier Vieira , Stefanutti Ronaldo , de Lima Ari Clecius Alves , Freitas Luciane Mara Cardoso
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the use of two anaerobic bioreactors in the production of biogas from malt bagasse waste. Bioreactor B1 was loaded with a mixture of 600mL of anaerobic sludge, 300g of organic waste, taken from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and 300g of malt
bagasse residue. Bioreactor B2 was loaded with a mixture of 600g of organic waste and 600mL of anaerobic sludge taken from an UASB reactor. The anaerobic digestion processes lasted for 10 weeks and the produced methane fraction was measured in 5 occasions. Bioreactor B1 presented low methane
production (7.2%) but Bioreactor B2 showed a much more signif- icant percentage, reaching up to 48.3%. The experiments were capable of reproducing largescale operational conditions, enabling increased results in biogas capturing and processing, strengthening sustainability and energy efficiency.
The experiment also showed the importance of studying different types of organic waste, seeking optimization of anaerobic digestion pro- cesses.
Study of the Ca2Fe2O5 Perovskite Synthesis from Waste Sources and Application as Heterogeneous Catalyst For Biodiesel Production
Authors: Júnior Juarez Hilleshein , Lima Alexandre de Faria , da Luz Mário Sérgio , Malpass Geoffroy Roger Pointer , Rade Letícia Leandro , Silva Priscila Pereira , Ferreira Rondinele Alberto dos Reis
Published: June 2021

The use of chicken eggshells and ferrous metal waste were evaluated as feedstock for the synthesis of Ca2Fe2O5 perovskite. The solid Ca2Fe2O5 obtained was applied as heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification reaction
of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production. The calcium ferrite (Ca2Fe2O5) obtained from waste materials was formed at temperatures above 898 K and its basic force was very similar to that one presented in the same structure obtained using high-purity
reagents. The formation of the Ca2Fe2O5/CaO system occurred for both catalysts at higher temperatures. The catalysts Ca2Fe2O5lab and Ca2Fe2O5res presented the same basic strength, 0.469 and 0.473
mmol/g, respectively. This fact indicates that both cata- lysts have similar structures even though they were prepared with very different origins of reagents. Besides that, the residual Ca2Fe2O5 perovskite showed a good catalytic performance in the transesterification
reaction. The transesterification reaction led to yields of biodiesel greater than 80 %, at 333 K, methanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1 and 10 h of batch reaction.
Valorization of Metal Milling Waste in Cement Based Mortars Modified by Replacement of Cement Kiln Dust
Authors: Bouzeroura-Mansour
Published: June 2021

Recycling industrial by-product materials waste has become an attractive topic of materials research in civil engineering. These industrial by-product materials waste must be managed responsibly to insure a clean environment. Our research was conducted with the aim of investigating
the effect of the addition of two industrial by product materials waste: metal milling waste (F) and cement kiln dust (CKD) in cement paste/mortar, as well as how to assess the influence of CKD substitution on the mechanical properties of cement pastes to create a new hydraulic binder based
on partial replacement. An experimental program was conducted on samples of cement paste prepared at three CKD content (5%, 10%, 15% wt. of cement) and new mortars were prepared by: partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement by CKD at 5% by mass; and the simple addition of metal milling
waste at three different percentages of (10%, 20%, 30% wt. of binder). Chemical, Micro structural analysis and mineralogical analysis have been carried out using XRD and FT-IR techniques, the mechanical strength, shrinkage, swelling, setting times, were analyzed.
 Test results after
a 28-day hardening period indicated that when the increase in the CKD replacement, the expansion obtained in the mixed cement pastes increase and the initial and final setting time decreases. The improvement of the strength of cement kiln dust (CKD) in the mixed cement pastes is low, it was
found that adding 5% of cement weight CKD is the appropriate percentage for utilizing in the manufacturing of mortars. the addition of metal milling wastes in mortars leads to a considerable improvement of mechanical strengths compared to the reference mortar. The strength increases when the
percentage of Metal milling wastes additions increases until an optimum (20%).
Enterotoxin Production and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Meat Samples
Authors: CEBECİ Tuğba , GÜNDOĞAN Neslihan
Published: June 2021

Objective: Staphylococcal food poisoning is a major human disease that is causes by the ingestion of food contaminated by staphylococcal enterotoxins produced mainly by enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the public health risks of the raw meat samples marketed in Giresun and Trabzon provinces regarding the contamination of Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxin capacity of the isolates and their resistance to various antibiotics.
Material and Method: A total of 30 raw bovine meat products and 38 raw chicken meat products were analyzed for micrococci/staphylococci and total staphylococci. The identification and antibiotic resistance of isolates were determined with the VITEK 2 device. Classical type enterotoxin presence in staphylococcal isolates was determined and typed using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay technique.
Results: The microbial loads of micrococci/staphylococci were 101 to 105 cfu/g and total staphylococci 101 to 105 cfu/g, respectively in 68 meat samples. A total of 171 staphylococci organisms were isolated from the studied 68 meat samples. Among the isolates obtained, one isolate (1.03%) detected in the raw chicken meat was found to be Staphylococcus aureus. This isolate was found to have the ability of producing enterotoxin and to produce E type enterotoxin. S.aureus isolate was resistant only to benzylpenicillin, while it was sensitive to other antibiotics.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that antibiotic-resistant and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant hygienic risk for consumers. Due to the posing a risk for staphylococcal food poisoning cases and threatening public health over time, extensive studies should be conducted on this subject.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ VE EŞ NUFUSLU ÜLKELERİN DURUM KIYASLAMASI
Authors: ERTİT TAŞTAN Burcu , BEYZİ Ebru , BAKIR Bahtiyar
Published: June 2021

Aralık 2019'da ortaya çıkan ve tüm dünyada salgına neden olan COVID-19, başta sağlık, psikoloji ve ekonomi olmak üzere birçok alanda olumsuz etkilere sebep olmuştur. Bu virüs, temas ve damlacıklar yoluyla çok kısa sürede birçok insanı enfekte etmiştir. Virüse karşı bir aşı henüz ortaya çıkmamıştır ancak sosyal mesafe ile virüsü önlemek mümkündür. Dünyanın dört bir yanına bakıldığında her ülke, farklı zamanlarda farklı önlemler alarak virüsün yayılmasını azaltmaya çalışmaktadır. Salgın devam ederken, COVID-19'a yönelik tedavi stratejileri ve önlemleri daha iyi anlamak için birçok araştırma yayınlanmaya devam etmektedir. Bu makale, eşit nüfusa sahip ülkelerdeki COVID-19 vakalarının sayısını incelemekte ve Türkiye, İran ve Almanya’da virüse karşı alınan önlemler ülkeler bazında değerlendirilmektedir.
Attitudes toward Rehabilitation and Punishment Orientations among Juvenile Detention and Probation Officers
Authors: Mack Kristin , Rhineberger-Dunn Gayle
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper was to explore the individual factors, job perceptions, and
organizational characteristics that predict rehabilitation and punishment orientations among juvenile detention and probation staff members. Our results indicated juvenile officers who reported more education, less job ambiguity, and more adequate safety training were more likely to indicate preference for a rehabilitation orientation. However, those who reported less education, worked in detention rather than probation, and had higher job ambiguity were more likely to hold a punishment orientation. Finally, individual characteristics had a greater impact on both rehabilitation and punishment than either job perceptions or organizational factors. These results provide useful information for agencies about staff perceptions, which may in turn impact their interactions with and decision-making related to juvenile offenders under their supervision. Keywords: juvenile detention officers, juvenile probation officers, community corrections, punishment orientation, rehabilitation orientation, professional orientation.
Disintegrated Impact of Trade Openness on Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Munem Ahmad , Nijhum Hafsa Rahman , Uddin Kazi Mohammed Kamal
Published: June 2021

There have been many studies on the relationship between trade and income inequality, but very few of them have distinguished the idea of trade by export and import. For this reason this study is conducted to see how the income inequality of Bangladesh get impacted with the presence of import and export separately. ARDL bound test is used to inspect whether they possess long run relation with income inequality for the period of 1975 to 2016. Thereupon export has been found to be widening the income gap in the long run. Though import improves the situation by abating the gap, it is not significant enough. Besides that other imperative macroeconomic variables are used to condense the omitted variable bias and their outcomes akin to the theory for developing country aspect. Furthermore, models like FMOLS, DOLS and CCR are used for ensuring the robustness of the result and other diagnostic tests support the validity of the result. Moreover policies related to labor welfare need to be set in a manner so that minimum wage allows a worker to lead a healthy life which will help keeping him or her productive. In addition, correspondent authority should frame the policies to diversify the export sector to give the opportunity to small entrepreneurs a chance to enter by providing the convenient environment.
Detection of lung Cancer on CT Scan Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Mudathir Osman , Kamil Alaa Elfadel , Salah Suha , Gamar Marwa , Nouraldaem Zeinab
Published: June 2021

This paper represents detection of lung cancer using image processing which is followed by image enhancement using three filters. These filters are Gabor, madian and mean filters. Then, image segmentation is applied using a technique called marker controlled watershed with masking that has advantages over other methods in terms of reducing the time needed for detection. On that ground, this method rejoiced with better quality. Finally, an important stage is made to decide whether the lung is infected with cancer or not this stage is called feature extraction .therefore, results were reached with less human efforts.
Rainfall-Runoff Model(s) Performance in the Blue Nile River
Authors: K.E. Bashar
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the performance of some tested rainfall-runoff models to forecast river flows of the Blue Nile catchment up to Eddeim.
Flow forecasting is an important step in river basin management in particular and water resources management in general. River flow models are used as components in actual flow forecasting schemes. They are also used in providing for efficient operation of storage reservoirs. Usually, flow forecasts are obtained in real time by transforming the input into a discharge using models. These forecasts may subsequently be modified or updated in accordance with the errors observed in the previous forecasts up to the time of making the new forecast.
The system analysis or black box approach depends on a prior assumption of flexible linear and time invariant relationship the expression of which can be obtained by the application of systems analysis approach to records. The conceptual model provides an alternative approach in which the input-output transformation goes through a series of steps.
In this study, systems and conceptual modelling techniques are applied to the Blue Nile catchment up to Eddeim of the Ethiopian high lands. The models were applied in non-parametric and parametric forms. Parameter optimisation is carried out by ordinary least squares, Rosenbrock, Simplex and genetic algorithm.
The areal rainfall which is the main input to these models was estimated using arithmetic mean. However, attempts to estimate the areal rainfall by the Thiesen polygon method was made but the improvement in the model performance can not justify the amount of work involved in making Thiesen’s estimate.
It is shown that the simple assumption of linearity is not adequate in modelling the rainfall runoff transformation. However, in the Blue Nile catchment, which exhibits a marked seasonal behaviour, good results were obtained with Linear Perturbation Model (LPM) which involves the assumption of linearity between the departures from seasonal expectations in input and output series.
The application of the GFFS (collection of systems and conceptual models) software proved to be possible with variable efficiencies. The LPM in non-parametric or parametric form, the LVGF model, the ANN and the SMAR model can be used to forecast (reproduce) Ed-deim flows with high performance.
Within the range of the tested models LPM was found to be the best candidate model that can forecast the flows under a wide range of conditions of marked seasonality by accounting for more than 90% of the initial variance.
Finite Element Analysis of Rectangular Beams
Authors: Attaelmanan Abusamra , Ali Abdelhameed
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the analysis of simply supported beam using MATLAB programming language and structural analysis program SAP2000. The beam was discretized into rectangular elements using finite element method. Three patterns of different dimensions and numbers of rectangular elements were used to verify the results of vertical displacements and stresses obtained by MATLAB and SAP 2000.The development of four noded isoparametric quadrilateral membrane elements in MATLAB programming language is presented. The membrane elements developed are plane strain condition. The considered patterns were analyzed as shell elements using SAP2000. A finite element program is also developed using MATLAB to check the accuracy of the developed elements.
Performance Evaluation of Optical Fiber Current Transformer based Over-current Protection
Authors: Bashir Ahmed Sulieman Eldoud
Published: June 2021

Optical Fiber Current transformers (OFCTs) are achieving increased acceptance and use in high voltage system due to their superior performance characteristics. It brings new feature to modern power system protection such as high accuracy, low weight, easy installation, and no-saturation. In this paper, a new OFCT is designed and implemented a long with a digital numeric system to protect electrical-feeder from over-current due to faults. Both the optical sensing head and electronic processing block are illustrated. A detailed experimental study to confirm the performances of the device is also reported. According to the measured values of ac rms current up to 2 kA, a calibration procedure was performed. The operational characteristics of the OFCT are investigated and three different scenarios based on Prototype were carried-out to evaluate the operation of the over-current protection using OFCT. The experiential results clearly illustrate the OFCT is capable to eliminate the distortion of the electrical signals caused by conventional (CT) and hence, greatly improving the reliability of the numerical protection system.
Inspection and rehabilitation of old White Nile steel bridge substructure
Authors: Elrayah Khalafalla Eltayeb , Hussein Mohammed Ali Ali
Published: June 2021

The substructure of The Old White Nile Bridge consists of steel tubular piers (steel casings filled with concrete) supported by caissons drilled into the sandstone. This steel bridge which had been completed in 1928, was investigated and assessed for integrity and safety. The inspection and investigation of the piers covered visual inspection, field tests and laboratory tests. Steel plates tests included microstructure analysis for steel, tension test, bending test and hardness test to determine the chemical and mechanical properties, whereas concrete core tests were conducted for determining cubes crushing strength of concrete. The inspection tests and assessment study revealed that most of piers steel casing suffered from high corrosion problems. Thus, due to corrosion the thickness of the casing plate, which was originally 5 mm for fixed piers and 7mm for swing span pier, was reduced severely to about 1.5 mm or even in some cases to about only 0.4 mm (in the swing span piers). In some cases holes appeared in the casing plates indicating that the steel was corroded totally and all the thickness was lost. Then, the Foundation caissons which were permanently under water or fully buried in the ground were found sound and suffer no problem of corrosion. No sign of differential settlement was observed. The materil tests performed showed that the steel exceeded its expected life time and have lost their weld-ability. Moreover, cathodic protection system which had originally provided previously to protect against corrosion found damaged and not functioning. Therefore, this paper presents the results of inspection and rehabilitation of the bridge substructure.
Performance of concrete columns reinforced partially with Basalt fiber rebars and steel under cyclic loading
Authors: Ishag Ibrahim Adam
Published: June 2021

This paper presents numerical and experimental results of concrete columns reinforced longitudinally with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and steel bars as a composite system. The main objective is to reduce the number of steel bars replacing by BFRP bars under cyclic loading using open system for earthquake engineering (OpenSees). Moreover, to achieve the goal of this study, the parameter relationship of this system was measured in five bridge columns. One column was referred as a reference, and the other three with 17%, 33% and 50% of BFRP with steel amount of 83% 67% and 50% respectively was studied. Moreover, the main parameter was analyzed is the energy dissipation amount, hysteretic performance and residual displacements. The columns reinforced with BFRP were given the significant results in the studied parameters especially the columns reinforced with a high percent of BFRP compare to steel columns.
The Safety Regulations in Designing Administrative Buildings
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Adam Osama , El-Fadil Mohamed Hassan Khada
Published: June 2021

The research dealt with the concept of safety in administrative buildings and dealt with design and deficiencies in meeting the requirements and procedures in administrative buildings, which lead to the failure to use the buildings with the required efficiency. The research also dealt with strengthening the stages of design decision-making with the necessary information based on scientific methods and improving design programs and planning administrative spaces to reach positive effects on the individual and the organization. The study is a continuation of previous studies on administrative buildings in the city of Khartoum and about achieving safety in society. The study is unique in its specialization in administrative buildings because of its connection with the vital sectors of society. The descriptive analytical approach that relies on studying the reality or phenomenon as it is in reality was used for the purpose of reaching the results of the study by designing a questionnaire and collecting data by selecting the research community from a random sample that included 50 individuals. The study targeted workers in the construction industry sector in the state of Khartoum Workers and engineers The statistical data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, and the chi-square test for independence and degree of freedom was measured. To test the validity of the study hypotheses. One of the most important results of the research is the commitment of engineers in the city of Khartoum to apply the principles and foundations of safety in designing administrative buildings based on their knowledge and guidance and the perception of workers in various administrative buildings of the concept of safety in their workplace. The study concluded that the administrative buildings in Khartoum have a good safety level for the administrative building. The most important recommendations of the study were summarized by the fact that society has a sensitivity to the concept of safety, due to insufficient knowledge of the reality of the safety concept, along with the need to work on raising the level of awareness of the engineers working in the construction.
Risk Management of Construction in Sudan
Authors: Ali M. S.M. , Ahmed O. M.
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to study the humanitarian risks in construction projects that affect the objectives of the project from time, cost and quality, and to identify, analyze and develop the appropriate strategy, monitor and control and specifically the risk of factors affecting construction projects. A questionnaire was designed to collect data and identify risks in construction projects and then distributed to several public and private sector companies registered with the Organizing Council for engineering works contractors in Sudan, and after the risks facing the construction projects were identified through the questionnaire and telephone interviews with The engineers and managers of these companies, these risks were analyzed by Google Form. The results of the questionnaire showed that inflation, increased prices of materials in the market, weak site management, delayed payments from the contractor and awarding the design to unqualified designers, that is the most important factors affecting the objectives of construction projects in Sudan, and the contractor is the most vulnerable among the parties to the project.