bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural network for classification of Chinese zither panel wood via near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Yinglai , Meng Shiyu , Hwang Sung-Wook , Kobayashi Kayoko , Sugiyama Junji
Published: March 2023

The wood grade used for Chinese zither panels is primarily determined through an artificial experience method, and the number of related practitioners is decreasing annually. In this study, a method using an improved BP neural network is proposed to assess the wood grade for Chinese zither panels. Abnormal spectral samples were first removed based on the Mahalanobis distance method. Normalization and Savitzky Golay second derivatization were applied to the remaining data set. According to the spectral peak, the spectral data were divided into three bands, which were applied to the model proposed in this paper, and the most critical spectral region for judging the wood grade of Chinese zither panels was obtained. Through principal component analysis, the appropriate feature variables were selected and applied to the experimental model for an analysis to reduce the calculated amount in the experiment. When the number of principal components was 6, the classification accuracy of unknown samples was 96.7%. Compared with the PLS model, the proposed model is more robust and accurate and has fewer losses. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method effectively identifies the wood grade used in Chinese zither panels.
Pretreatment with [EMIM]Ac/DMAc co-solvent to improve enzymatic saccharification of pussy willow (Salix gracilistyla Miq.)
Authors: Han Song-Yi , Park Chan-Woo , Febrianto Fauzi , Kim Nam-Hun , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: March 2023

Pretreatment of Salix gracilistyla Miq. with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) together with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a co-solvent achieved an improvement in enzymatic saccharification yield in comparison to the raw material without pretreatment. The effects of the [EMIM]Ac/DMAc ratio (7:3, 5:5, and 3:7), pretreatment temperature (80 to 140°C), and pretreatment time (1 to 3 h) on enzyme saccharification were investigated. Acremonium cellulase and Optimash BG were used as the enzyme cocktail. With addition of DMAc to [EMIM]Ac, the viscosity of the co-solvent was drastically decreased. With increasing pretreatment temperature and time, the water soluble fraction increased at all [EMIM]Ac/DMAc ratios. The cellulose crystallinity also increased with increasing amount of DMAc in the co-solvent but decreased with increasing pretreatment temperature. The yields of glucose and xylose increased with increasing [EMIM]Ac amounts in the co-solvent, varying from 72.8% to 84.3% and 75.3% to 88.1%, respectively, for all [EMIM]Ac/DMAc ratios. These values were markedly higher than the glucose and xylose yields of 25.7% and 8.4%, respectively, obtained with DMAc alone and comparable to the 86.7% and 83.9% yields, respectively, obtained with [EMIM]Ac alone. The highest glucose and xylose yields obtained under the investigated pretreatment conditions were 84.3% and 88.1%, respectively.
One-pot green synthesis of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals through oxidative degradation of bamboo pulp
Authors: Lu Linna , Li Yonggui , Liang Yuanjie , Chen Qin , Lu Qilin
Published: March 2023

Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CCN) were prepared from bamboo pulp by ammonium persulfate (APS) with an ultrasonication-assisted technique. The effects of ultrasonication time, APS concentration, and reaction temperature on the yield of CCN were investigated. The morphology, structure, crystallinity, and thermal properties of prepared samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CCN presented rod-like shapes with diameter ranging from 10 to 30 nm and length of 50 to 200 nm. FTIR showed that CCN still kept with the basic chemical structure of cellulose, and at the 1735 cm-1 appearing the peak of C=O. The XRD pattern indicated that CCN was characteristic of the cellulose I crystal form, and the crystallinity of CCN was 63%. TGA revealed that CCN had a lower thermal stability than bamboo pulp. This research explored a low-cost and eco-friendly way to prepare CCN.
Variation of perpendicular compressive strength properties related to anatomical structure and density in Eucalyptus nitens green specimens
Authors: Pérez-Peña Natalia , Elustondo Diego M. , Valenzuela Luis , Ananías Rubén A.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to measure compressive strength properties perpendicular to the fiber of green Eucalyptus nitens specimens. The data was measured for clear 50 × 50 × 150 mm specimens obtained from 17-year-old trees that were harvested at the Ñuble region in Chile, and the data comprised modulus of elasticity (Ec), compressive strength (ƒc), basic density, initial moisture content, and some anatomical characteristics of the wood. The experimental design emphasized the influence of the radial position of the wood within the logs (defined as inner-wood, middle-wood, and outer-wood) on the measurements, and the results showed that the modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, and the basic density all increased from core to bark. The compressive strength of outer-wood showed a strong and positive relation with the basic density. Cell wall thickness and wall cell area showed a significant positive correlation with compressive strength.
Diagnosis of Bacterial Tracheostomy-Associated Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Triplett Andrea D. , Rigdon Joseph , Auriemma Jeanna , Darby John , Ervin Sean , Haberman Cara , Hanes Holly , Kerth Julie , Kirkendall Erik S. , Potisek Nicholas M. , Wood Julie K. , Halvorson Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES

To identify demographic and clinical characteristics of children with fever and/or respiratory illness associated with a diagnosis of bacterial tracheostomy-associated respiratory tract infections (bTARTI). Secondary objectives included comparison of diagnostic testing, length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates between children diagnosed with bTARTI and others.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective chart review of encounters over 1 year for fever and/or respiratory illness at a single academic children’s hospital for children with tracheostomy dependence. Patient characteristics, features of presenting illness, and laboratory and imaging results were collected. Generalized linear mixed models were employed to study associations between patient characteristics, diagnosis of bTARTI, and impact on LOS or readmission rates.

RESULTS

Among 145 children with tracheostomies identified, 79 children contributed 208 encounters. bTARTI was diagnosed in 66 (31.7%) encounters. Significant associations with bTARTI diagnosis included chest radiograph consistent with bacterial pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–2.08), positive tracheal aspirate culture (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.05–1.61), higher white blood cell count (16.4 vs 13.1 × 103/µ; P = .03), change in oxygen requirement (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00–1.31), telephone encounter (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09–1.81), and living at home with family (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06–1.92). LOS for admitted patients with bTARTI was 2.19 times longer (CI, 1.23–3.88).

CONCLUSIONS

In our single-center study, we identified several clinical and nonclinical factors associated with a diagnosis of bTARTI. Despite widespread use, few laboratory tests were predictive of a diagnosis of bTARTI. There is need for standardization in diagnosis.
Healthcare Utilization Among Children Receiving Permanent Supportive Housing
Authors: Bohnhoff James C. , Xue Lingshu , Hollander Mara A. G. , Burgette Jacqueline M. , Cole Evan S. , Ray Kristin N. , Donohue Julie , Roberts Eric T.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Permanent supportive housing (PSH) integrates long-term housing and supports for families and individuals experiencing homelessness. Although PSH is frequently provided to families with children, little is known about the impacts of PSH among children. We examined changes in health care visits among children receiving PSH compared with similar children who did not receive PSH.

METHODS

We analyzed Pennsylvania Medicaid administrative data for children entering PSH between 2011 and 2016, matching to a comparison cohort with similar demographic and clinical characteristics who received non-PSH housing services. We conducted propensity score-weighted difference-in-differences (DID) analyses to compare changes in health care visits 3 years before and after children entered PSH versus changes in the comparison cohort.

RESULTS

We matched 705 children receiving PSH to 3141 in the comparison cohort. Over 3 years following PSH entry, dental visits among children entering PSH increased differentially relative to the comparison cohort (DID: 12.70 visits per 1000 person-months, 95% confidence interval: 3.72 to 21.67). We did not find differential changes in preventive medicine visits, hospitalizations, or emergency department (ED) visits overall. When stratified by age, children ≤5 years old at PSH entry experienced a greater decrease in ED visits relative to the comparison cohort (DID: −13.16 visits per 1000 person-months, 95% confidence interval: −26.23 to −0.10). However, emergency visit trends before PSH entry differed between the cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Children in PSH had relatively greater increases in dental visits, and younger children entering PSH may have experienced relative reductions in ED visits. Policymakers should consider benefits to children when evaluating the overall value of PSH.
Újszülöttek újraélesztésének alapjai és újdonságai
Authors: Széll András
Published: March 2023

A jelen ajánlás az Európai Újraélesztési Tanács (ERC) által kiadott legújabb,
újszülött-újraélesztési irányelvek összefoglalása, mely azonban figyelembe veszi
az Amerikai Szív Társaság (AHA) által kiadott irányelveknek, valamint az ezek
alapjául szolgáló Nemzetközi Resuscitatiós Kapcsolattartó Bizottság (ILCOR)
tudományos konszenzuson alapuló ellátási javaslatainak (CoSTR) a megállapításait
is. Az újszülöttellátás célja a cardiorespiratoricus adaptáció elősegítése. Az
újszülöttek élesztéséhez minden szülés előtt biztosítani kell a megfelelő
személyi és tárgyi feltételeket. A megszületés után gondoskodni kell a lehűlés
megakadályozásáról, és ha lehetséges, biztosítani kell a késői köldökellátást.
Mérjük fel az újszülött állapotát, és ha lehet, tegyük az újszülöttet bőr-bőr
kontaktusban az édesanyára. Ha azonban szükség van a légzés, esetleg a
szívműködés támogatására, helyezzük az újszülöttet sugárzó hőforrás alá, és
nyissuk meg a légutakat. Az élesztés lépéseiről a légzés, a szívfrekvencia és az
oxigenizáció vizsgálata alapján döntünk. Ha az újszülött nem lélegzik, vagy
szívfrekvenciája alacsony, el kell kezdeni a pozitív nyomású lélegeztetést.
Ellenőrizni kell a lélegeztetés hatékonyságát, és szükség esetén korrigálni kell
a hibákat. Ha a hatásos lélegeztetés ellenére a szívfrekvencia <60/perc, el
kell kezdeni a mellkaskompressziót, ritkán gyógyszerek adására is szükség lehet.
Sikeres resuscitatiót követően kezdjünk postresuscitatiós ellátást, sikertelen
resuscitatio esetén pedig mérlegelhető az ellátás befejezése. Orv Hetil. 2023;
164(12): 474–480.
Cleaning the environment with MXenes
Authors: Bury Dominika , Jakubczak Michał , Kumar Rajiv , Ścieżyńska Dominika , Bogacki Jan , Marcinowski Piotr , Jastrzębska Agnieszka Maria
Published: March 2023

Rapid global industrialization constantly impacts the environment by discharging pollutants. Therefore, various materials are currently being investigated for environmental applications, including two-dimensional (2D) MXenes. Herein, we focus on MXene-enabled technologies for removing inorganic and organic contaminants present in gaseous and liquid forms, especially organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and solid pollutants. We foresee a considerable potential for MXene-enabled technologies to remove heavy ions and radionuclides and recover precious elements. We show that MXenes could efficiently inactivate microorganisms without harming the environment. Finally, we discuss the associated opportunities and challenges in MXenes’ surface chemistry, semiconducting activity, interfacial effects, adsorption, and photocatalysis. Altogether, this article showcases outstanding opportunities for MXenes in the rapidly growing field of environmental applications.

Graphical abstract
Optimalisasi Target dan Realisasi Pajak Pada E-Filling di Kota Bandung
Authors: Wulandani Sri Astuti , Amallia Tria , Yusra Zafira Nur
Published: March 2023

One form of tax administration modernization for the use of information technology in the taxation sector is the use of E-Filling. In general, the E-Filling system is still less attractive to taxpayers. It can be seen that there are still very few E-Filling users in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the target optimization and realization of e-filling taxes in the city of Bandung. Researchers find information using optimization indicators that are guided by three aspects, namely goals, decision alternatives, and limited resources. This research method uses descriptive research using a qualitative approach and the source of data used in this study is primary data which is the result of interviews. The data analysis technique used is in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research based on optimization indicators, the use of E-Filing by Bandung City Taxpayers has been implemented well.Keywords: Target, Tax, E-Filling
The Otago shoulder health study: A feasibility study to integrate formalised patient education with usual physiotherapy
Authors: Sole Gisela , Wassinger Craig , Perry Meredith , Swain Nicola
Published: March 2023

The overall study aim was to explore feasibility of a complex intervention that integrates formalised patient education with pragmatic, individualised physiotherapy for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). Specific aims were to determine: (a) participant recruitment and retention rates, (b) changes in patient-reported outcomes, (c) intervention fidelity, and (d) to scope intervention costs. Twenty-nine participants (M = 60.0 years, SD = 10.5) with RCRSP (duration ≥ 3 months) were recruited within 3 months. They attended up to eight physiotherapy sessions that included structured education about age-related shoulder pathoanatomy, pain biology and self-management, shoulder-specific exercise, general physical activity, and lifestyle considerations. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and other patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) were assessed at baseline, discharge, and 3-month follow-up. Completion rates for physiotherapy and PROMs were > 80%, confirming feasibility for retention. The mean decrease for the SPADI-Total from baseline to 3-month follow-up was 21.5/100, 95% CI [14.7, 28.2]. Self-efficacy, general health, and patients’ satisfaction with their condition improved from baseline to discharge and follow-up. Intervention fidelity was confirmed for integrating two of the four patient resources into treatment, but inconsistent for the remaining two resources and completion of participant diaries. The median number of treatments was 7.5, at a median cost of $600. More provider physiotherapist training is needed to enhance intervention fidelity in the research context.
FLUORESCENT DETECTION OF NITROBENZENE VAPORS VIA FLUOROPHORE-DOPED POLYSTYRENE MATERIALS
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Chuvashov R. D. , Belyaev D. V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Khokhlov K. O. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Baranova A. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Zen Eddin M. ,   I.Ya. Postovsky Insititute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Milman I. I. ,   I.Ya. Postovsky Insititute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Verbitskiy E. V. ,   I.Ya. Postovsky Insititute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

Integration of fluorescent substances into polymeric matrices can improve their sensory properties and photostability. In this work, fluorescent materials based on fluorophore-doped polystyrene were obtained and characterized as sensors towards the ecotoxicant nitrobenzene in gas phase. Melamine-formaldehyde foam has been proposed as a permeable substrate for the sensor material deposition applicable for gas-phase measurements. The effect on sensor properties of the porous material surface obtained via Breath Figure pore generation technique was investigated. Limits of detection and calibration relationships of obtained materials towards nitrobenzene were evaluated by materials exposure to low concentrations of nitrobenzene vapors. The sorption properties of polystyrene allow the retention of the quencher near the fluorophore, leading to improved detection limits compared with pure fluorophores. Obtaining a porous surface of the polymer material by the Breath Figure technique increases the scale of its fluorescence quenching by vapors. Detection limits (down to 0.45 ppm) and detectable concentration ranges (0.5 - 371.6 ppm) have been experimentally established. The relative standard deviations of the fluorescent signal of polymer materials do not exceed 13.3 % for a number of concentrations in the detectable range. The applicability of the calibration linear relationship of the logarithm of the fluorescent signal on the logarithm of the nitrobenzene vapor concentration is shown. Fluorescence signal measurements were performed using the original sensor element and the luminescence detector employing an array of fluorescent materials. The developed device is simple in application, portable, automated, and in combination with the used polymeric materials allows detection of nitrobenzene vapors in concentrations 2.5 times lower than the maximum permissible level.
Media Image as One of the Components for Formation of Media Aesthetic Code of the Region
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Simakova Svetlana I. , Kvasha Dmitry I. ,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: March 2023

The article considers the media image as one of the components of the formation of the media aesthetic code of the region. An analysis of the scientific literature devoted to this issue has shown that recently the interest of researchers from various fields and scientific schools in the study of the media image of the regions has been increasing. At the same time, we have not found any studies that consider the media image of the region in the context of its media aesthetic code. The proposed article is aimed at filling this gap, which is the relevance and novelty of the proposed study. The authors show that the image constructed in the media space of the region serves as the basis for the formation of the media aesthetic code of the region. Based on the analysis of materials published in the media (website 1obl.ru), a conclusion is made about some discrepancy between verbal and visual content. Because of this, a negative media image of the city is created, which negatively affects the formation of the media aesthetic code of the city and region. The article formulates universal recommendations for optimizing isoverbal content, which can be extrapolated to the activities of other local editorial offices.
The technology of constructing the image of a megapolis in online publications (using the example of Ekaterinburg’s media)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Verbitskiy Michail Yu.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of technologies for constructing the media image of the city in online media. For this purpose, the author used a self-developed content analysis, which is based on the study of a wide range of theoretical sources. After having analyzed more than 30 publications from the three online resources from Ekaterinburg, the author concluded that each of the resources formed a different and voluminous image of the city, while the tools for its creation are similar. The image of the city modeled in a particular Internet resource meets the goals and objectives set by the media. It was not possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the approaches of the analyzed sources to creating an image of the city, due to the absence of objective indicators.
The Phenomenon of Interactive Regional Television Programs with the Participation of Authorities
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Romanova Angelina N.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of interactive regional television programs based on the dialogue “official — audience”. The growing pressure of state propaganda on federal channels has led to the alienation of society, which is deprived of the opportunity to participate in the discussion of topical issues “on an equal footing” with the authorities. Regular public discourse today is possible only on the regional air. The goal was to study local interactive projects in terms of their social significance and communicative effectiveness. The analysis of the programs of regional and republican television companies broadcasting in the first digital multiplex was carried out. The methods of comparative analysis, observation and systematization, as well as dialectical and logical approach, made it possible to determine the factors influencing the appearance of projects with feedback on the regional air, as well as the patterns that explain their absence. The final data allowed us to come to the conclusion about the decisive role of interactive programs in building effective communication “authority — TV — society” and substantiate the conclusion that local issues that organize the dialogue between the official and the audience contribute to the development of democratic processes in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Such a study and its results are presented in the scientific literature for the first time.
Ethno-Cultural Stereotype in the Media Content of Extremist Content
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Porozov Roman Yu. , Klyusova Polina S. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze the study of ethno-cultural stereotypes in media texts that have the attributes of extremist discourse. The characteristic features of stereotypes as generalized representations of native culture and representatives of “other” cultures are highlighted and described. The authors note that stereotypes are one of the adaptive mechanisms in the process of cultural genesis. The article is devoted to the current problem of transformation of the basic ethnocentric worldview into radical forms. As a research task, the authors identified an attempt to evaluate the interpretation of the content of media content through interviews with youth representatives. The main empirical research methods were content analysis and interviews. The axiological method made it possible to assess the change in the semantic content of the media text depending on the actual value attitudes of the respondents.
Media as an Administrative Resource in the Electoral Process (following the Example of the Sverdlovsk Region)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Iskhakov Rafail L. , Karamov Narkis S. ,   Ural Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: March 2023

The participation of mass media in the electoral process is considered. A well known political and legal problem is resolved: law enforcement is conducted at the level of individual cases, and the scientific generalization of violations of the law soars to the level of abstraction. Using the example of the Sverdlovsk region, the media are considered not only as a political actor in the electoral process. On the basis of the Electoral Code of the Sverdlovsk region (ECSR), the formal and legal grounds for the status of the media are shown. The method of comparative studies is used — electoral technologies of candidates for the post of Governor of the Sverdlovsk region are compared. As a result of the comparative study, the official, oppositional and neutral estranged positions of the media in relation to the candidates are shown. For the first time, the typology of electoral media is derived.
Treatment Options for Cancer Patients Suffering from Oral Mucositis
Authors: Chaudhry Sharjeel , Ehtesham Zarmina
Published: March 2023

More than 75% of those receiving chemotherapy will experience oral mucositis, which is a major problem for both patients and carers. Lesions form in the digestive tract when chemotherapy drugs attack the rapidly dividing cells there. Tissue alterations might range from being completely painless to so severe as to cause bleeding, prevent oral intake, and need narcotic pain medications. Chemotherapy treatment is often postponed when oral mucositis is present. To better clearly categorise the symptoms linked with this condition, many assessment scores have been devised. Very few pharmaceutical therapies for oral mucositis, either to prevent its onset or to alleviate its symptoms, have been approved. Given the advancements in other areas of supportive care for chemotherapy patients, research into oral mucositis should be prioritised. This review will provide the management of oral mucositis in patients with cancer.
Differences between Urban and Rural Environments on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Notara Venetia , Kokkou Stamatia , Bindakos Emanouil , Sakellari Evanthia , Skanavis Constantina
Published: March 2023

The effect of the urban vs. rural environment on cardiovascular health is an extremely significant issue, nowadays. Up to date, there is a number of studies revealing that there is environmental impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the current systematic review was to investigate the relationship between the natural environment and cardiovascular health, through the differences between urban and rural environments. A literature search was conducted during July 2022-November 2022 using the databases PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar (limited to the last 10 years). The search identified four studies that fulfilled the main aim of the present review. Regardless of the limited number of studies, it was shown that the different environments have a great impact on cardiovascular health. Specifically, various factors seem to affect the occurrence of CVDs in both urban and rural environments. The present review highlights the effect of urban vs. rural environment in relation to cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is a necessity for further investigation in this field in order to shed more light on the environmental components with the most significant impact.
The Application of Rain Water and Solar Energy System on Green Roof One of The Building in Sakarya University
Authors: DEMİRHAN Esra , DAMAR ARİFOĞLU Yasemin
Published: March 2023

In our present day, consuming water and energy sources at a rapid rate, losing green areas, air pollution which is caused by gas emissions, global warming and actions that damage the balance in the ecosystem have made it necessary to take precautions. In this perspective, using water and energy sources sufficiently, finding new energy sources and using ecofriendly roofs are crucial for the world's future. Green roof systems, built for the purpose of preventing global warming, and stopping climate change, are the eco-friendly systems that reduce the heat in a city, prevent air pollution, and eliminate too much water accumulation in the city's infrastructure by holding rain water. In this study, decreasing the climate change by holding carbon emissions with green roof, finding the solutions for problems of water scarcity by saving water with the rain harvest system, saving the electricity by lightening the street lamps with stocking the energy coming from the solar system have been aimed. It has been tried to decrease the negative effects of climate change to the environment. The appropriate building has been determined for the inclination and height of roof where a green roof can be built by analyzing some buildings' roofs in Sakarya University in the study. In the scope of experimental study, an extensive green roof system has been designed on the roof of boiler room building. By gathering the rain water on green roof, green places have been watered regularly. The garden has been lightened by producing electricity with solar energy. The contributions have been added to sustainability owing to these sensitive systems for environment.
Gender Gaps in the Labor Market Widen Every Summer
Authors: Price Brendan M. , Wasserman Melanie
Published: March 2023

Gender gaps in labor market activity are pervasive, longstanding, and a regular subject of policy debates. Relative to men, women tend to work fewer hours per week, more conventional hours, and fewer years over the course of their lives.
Fundamentals of industrial strategizing: from strategy concept to its implementation
Authors: Sasaev N. I.
Published: March 2023

The success of the industrial strategizing process depends on many factors: on the correct formulation of the industrial development task of the selected object, on the choice and application of a verified, consistent and effective methodology for the development and implementation of industrial strategies, on the correct application of the chosen methodology, taking into account the implementation of all the stages and principles established in it. The decisive role in the development process falls precisely on the formation of the future strategy concept for the industrial development of the selected object, which is its core document and determines all subsequent processes for detailing, formalizing and composing all the developed elements at the conceptual level into a single final document – the industrial strategy.Nevertheless, the subsequent process of implementing the final industrial strategy, the effectiveness of which is determined both by the quality of the developed document itself, including the level of its accessibility and clarity for performers, and by the quality of the organizational system of its consistent and complete execution, plays an important role. All this determined the purpose of this article, which is to formulate the methodological aspects of the composition of the industrial strategy document and the conceptualization of the main methodological provisions of its implementation.In the article, the author formulates and describes the conceptual scheme for composing the final document of the industrial strategy, which includes the formation of such elements of the industrial strategy as: tasks, strategic scenario and tactical implementation block, entry strategy and exit strategy. In addition, a conceptual structure of interrelated documents for the implementation of the industrial strategy is provided, which includes: a strategic plan, roadmaps, programs and projects. The significance of each of the listed documents in the implementation of certain elements of the industrial strategy adopted for execution is specified. In addition, the author examines the signs and consequences of the integrity violation of the implementation process, and also notes the features and role of the strategic management system for the implementation of the industrial strategy.
Políticas públicas y sistemas agroalimentarios en Argentina: entre agroquímicos y agroecología (1990 – 2020)
Authors: Molpeceres Celeste
Published: March 2023

Las decisiones de política pública en torno a los sistemas agroalimentarios en Argentina han conllevado en las últimas décadas a importantes transformaciones en las áreas rurales y en los espacios de interfaz urbano-rural, generando a la vez una reconfigurando del entramado social. Desde una perspectiva constructivista, el artículo reconstruye y analiza la trayectoria de los instrumentos de regulación asociados al uso de agroquímicos y a la promoción de modelos alternativos en Argentina entre 1990 y 2020. Partiendo de estudios antecedentes, el enfoque metodológico combina datos estadísticos secundarios con información secundaria disponible en organismos e instituciones públicas y privadas y regulaciones y entrevistas a actores clave. Los resultados indican una tendencia a responder a las demandas del mercado externo en la mayor parte del período, mostrando un reciente cambio en las decisiones orientadas a promover la agroecología. Mientras el modelo convencional de producción prevalece en Argentina orientado especialmente a la exportación -asociado al uso de agroquímicos entre otras tecnologías-, la agroecología representa un pequeño porcentaje, ligado especialmente a la pequeña agricultura familiar que canaliza su producción en mercados de cercanía. La emergencia de las producciones agroecológicas converge con el incremento de agricultores neorrurales que traccionan nuevas formas de repoblamiento de espacios de interfaz urbano-rural.
Bolsones agroecológicos: ¿posible estrategia territorial para combatir la tendencia alcista del precio de las hortalizas?
Authors: Sotiru Martin Nicolas
Published: March 2023

El alza constante en el precio de alimentos genera severos problemas al dificultar la reproducción de la vida de los sectores populares y de la sociedad en general. En ese marco, el cinturón hortícola platense, uno de los más importantes del país, cumple un rol fundamental en la provisión de hortalizas frescas para la región de La Plata y alrededores. Parte de la explicación del aumento de precios de las hortalizas, por sobre la inflación promedio, puede explicarse por el modelo de desarrollo territorial dominante en él. En contraposición a este, organizaciones de la agricultura familiar campesina e indígena vienen construyendo, a través de la agroecología, un modelo de desarrollo territorial alternativo. Es por eso que, en el presente estudio, explicaremos por qué este último modelo y su estrategia de priorizar los circuitos cortos de comercialización, es una alternativa viable para sortear el alza en el precio de las hortalizas.
Agroecología: Hitos hacia un nuevo paradigma alimentario socioproductivo en Argentina
Authors: Goites Enrique
Published: March 2023

El concepto de paradigma es utilizado para remarcar un cambio en la forma en que una determinada sociedad organiza e interpreta la realidad. Un "paradigma Dominante" se refiere a los valores o sistemas de pensamiento hegemónicos en una sociedad, en un momento determinado (revolución verde-agronegocio). Uno Emergente (agroecología) es aquel en construcción y opuesto, orgánicamente vinculado y suscrito por los miembros de una comunidad de personas que, comparten un quehacer científico, investigativo y/o de estudio. Presentamos algunos hitos referenciados desde 2005 a 2020 que marcan y legitiman a la agroecología como un paradigma emergente en la República Argentina.
Alternativas bioenergéticas de los residuos sólidos urbanos: panorama en México
Authors: Sosa Cabrera Edwin
Published: March 2023

La agenda internacional del desarrollo sostenible identifica dos problemas fundamentales por atender antes de 2030: la óptima gestión de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), y la generación de energía limpia y asequible. Ante ello, el aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa residual brinda soluciones científicas y tecnológicas, de manera interdisciplinaria, que permiten atender estas problemáticas de manera conjunta. El objetivo de la presente investigación es examinar las alternativas de aprovechamiento bioenergético de los RSU, con énfasis en las posibilidades de implementación en México. Mediante una revisión documental, se presentan métodos termoquímicos y biológicos para el aprovechamiento bioenergético de la fracción orgánica de los RSU, los productos esperados (calor industrial, biogás, bio-hidrógeno, bioetanol, carbón vegetal y pellets), y sus aplicaciones. Además, se analizan las ventajas y limitantes de su implementación en México. Se concluye que el aprovechamiento bioenergético de los RSU permite: a) reducir los impactos ambientales derivados de su manejo, transporte y disposición final, así como de la emisión de Gases de Efecto Invernadero por estos y por los combustibles utilizados en el transporte, la calefacción y la generación eléctrica; b) valorizar los desperdicios y cambiar el balance financiero, al reducir los costos de manejo de los RSU y generar ingresos por la comercialización de bioenergéticos, y c) la generación de nuevas fuentes de empleo, que contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible y no pongan en riesgo la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria del país.

Abstract

The international sustainable development agenda identifies two fundamental problems to be solved before 2030: the optimal management of Urban Solid Waste (USW) and the generation of clean and affordable energy. The energy use of residual biomass provides scientific and technological solutions, in an interdisciplinary way, to solve these problems together. The objective of this investigation is to examine the alternatives for bioenergetic use of USW, with emphasis on the possibilities of implementation in Mexico. With a documentary review, the thermochemical and biological methods for the bioenergetic use for the biomass of the USW, the expected products (industrial heat, biogas, bio-hydrogen, bioethanol, charcoal, and pellets), their applications, as well as the advantages and limitations of its implementation in Mexico are analyzed. It is concluded that the bioenergetic use of the USW allows: a) to reduce the environmental impacts from management, transport and disposal of the USW, as well as the emission of Greenhouse Gases by them, and by the fuels used in transportation, heating, and electricity generation; b) to value waste and change the financial balance by reducing the costs of managing USW, and generating income from the commercialization of bioenergetics, and c) to generate new sources of employment, contributing to sustainable development and without putting the country's food security and sovereignty at risk.
An Eocene fossil scarab beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Tanzania
Authors: Strümpher Werner P. , Scholtz Clarke H. , Schlüter Thomas
Published: March 2023

A fossil scarabaeoid (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Mahengea mckayi new genus, new species – the only well-preserved insect fossil and one of only a few insects found at the site – is described from an otherwise rich Eocene (~ 45.6 mya) maar Lagerstätte at Mahenge in central northern Tanzania. Numerous fossil fishes and plants have been recovered from this site and described. The dearth of insect fossils is surprising considering their richness in other deposits of similar origin and age. We suggest that the rich fish fauna present in the oxygen-rich parts of the water in the former volcanic crater lake may have scavenged most of the terrestrial insects that fell into the water. Although the fossil described here is undoubtedly that of a member of the Scarabaeoidea, the family placement remains unsure.
Significance:
We describe the first Eocene fossil scarab from Africa. It is one of only a few scarab fossils from the continent and one of the best-preserved insect (invertebrate) fossils from the deposit.
Factors Associated With Sleeping Quality and Behaviors Among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Ong Siew Chin , Azman Nizuwan , Ho Hui Ting
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective Sleep is an important physiological process for humans. Students of tertiary institutions, especially those at the university, are often reported to have poor sleep quality due to changing social opportunities and increasing academic demands. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor sleeping quality and its relationship with academic performance and psychological distress among university students in Malaysia.Methods An online questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among students of tertiary institutions in Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of respondents’ demographics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Scale (MES) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales (DASS-21). Simple and multiple linear regression were used to identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables (PSQI score and MES score).Results Of the 403 respondents, about three-fourths were poor-quality sleepers. The cumulative grade point average (CGPA) was the only factor with a significant linear and positive relationship with the PSQI score. Only the depression and anxiety scores showed a significant linear and positive relationship between the PSQI score and the MES score.Conclusions Poor sleep quality was prevalent among university students. Poor sleep was associated with better academic performance. Students with depression or anxiety were significantly associated with poor sleep quality and being a morning bird.
The Significance of Teaching and Learning in Medical Education
Authors: Lee Seung Hee
Published: March 2023

Teaching and learning were carried out long before the word “education” was coined. As teaching and learning became more universal, the word “education” was construed as a social promise, and there was a general consensus as to what it denoted. Many university professors will most likely have great confidence and expertise with respect to “teaching” in their area of specialization, and they believe that they are fulfilling a social promise. However, how much expertise do they have in actually making students “learn”? How concerned are professors about enabling students to utilize their potential and talents to cultivate their learning abilities and to adjust to the different demands of various fields? The same issue arises in medical education. To what extent can professors’ teaching heighten students’ sense of purpose and motivation to learn? With regard to increasing learners’ initiatives, the learning model of constructivism presupposes that learners are active and creative, have their own personalities, and possess unlimited learning potential. The PBL being carried out in medical schools today is a form of study that can take advantage of these aspects of learners. They can maximally widen the range of students’ development through many intellectual activities and solve difficult problems by either sharing or critiquing the thoughts and ideas of others. The acts of teaching and learning that have been carried out for thousands of years remain difficult to this day and must be ceaselessly deliberated and researched by experts in the field of education. Just as good teachers are required to produce good learners, we must give ourselves room to rethink the basis of education in order to maximize effective and efficient learning.
Suggestions to Improve Selection-Bias in Teaching or Studying Programs
Authors: Park Kyoungho
Published: March 2023

This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching or studying programs, and thus to overcome the selection- bias in studies. Selection-bias derived from unobservable characteristics in the course of participants selection of the teaching or studying programs, in the case of cross-section data instrumental variable(IV) method and two stage least square estimation were suggested as an analysis tool. Panel data were analyzed by using both fixed effect in which individual effects are captured by intercept terms and random effect estimation where an unobserved effect can be characterized as being randomly drawn from a given distribution.
Medical Students’ General Beliefs about Their Learning
Authors: Park Jaehyun
Published: March 2023

Learning in medical school is usually regarded as a very specialized type of learning compared to that of other academic disciplines. Medical students might have general beliefs about their own learning. Beliefs about learning have a critical effect on learning behavior. There are several factors that affect medical students’ learning behavior: epistemological beliefs, learning styles, learning strategies, and learning beliefs. Several studies have addressed epistemological beliefs, learning styles, and learning strategies in medical education. There are, however, few studies that have reported on medical students’ beliefs about learning. The purpose of this study was to determine what learning beliefs medical students have, what the causes of these beliefs are, and how medical educators teach students who have such beliefs. In this study, the five learning beliefs are assumed and we considered how these beliefs can affect students’ learning behaviors. They include: 1) medical students are expected to learn a large amount of information in a short time. 2) memorization is more important than understanding to survive in medical schools. 3) learning is a competition and work is independent, rather than collaborative. 4) reading textbooks is a heavy burden in medical education. 5) the most effective teaching and learning method is the lecture. These learning beliefs might be the results of various hidden curricula, shared experiences of the former and the present students as a group, and personal experience. Some learning beliefs may negatively affect students’ learning. In conclusion, the implications of medical students’ learning beliefs are significant and indicate that students and educators can benefit from opportunities that make students’ beliefs about learning more conscious.
Overseas Residency Training Systems and Implications for Korea
Authors: lee Sun Woo
Published: March 2023

Medical education, competency, and outcome-based medical education started as part of the basic medical education curriculum in advanced countries 20 years ago, and such an approach was adopted in residency training. General competency training is at the core of residency training in advanced countries, and it goes beyond competency and outcome-based training to the extent that in a milestone training system, competency development is expected and measured with set competency achievements at each level. Recently, for the purpose of ensuring that doctors uphold patient safety and fulfill their obligations, entrustable professional activities (EPA) were applied at the beginning of residency when doctors move away from clinical trials and start actual care. The adoption of EPA in all residency training curriculum has spread very rapidly in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. Presently, Korea lags behind other countries significantly as the adoption of competency and outcome-based medical education in residency training has just begun. It is time to identify the current state of the Korean residency training system, and then design and practice a well-established system with a long-term view based on cooperation across the whole medical industry.