bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early detection of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care patients
Authors: Vukoja Marija , Rebic Predrag , Lazic Zorica , Mitic-Milikic Marija , Milenkovic Branislava , Zvezdin Biljana , Cekerevac Ivan , Jovancevic-Drvenica Mirjana , Hromis Sanja , Kopitovic Ivan
Published: February 2013

Introduction. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are often
unrecognized and undertreated. The aim of this study was to describe the
frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in primary care
patients in Serbia, and to examine the agreement between general
practitioners and pulmonologists on the diagnosis of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease and asthma. Material and Methods. In this multicenter
observational study, the general practitioners identified eligible patients
from October 2009 to June 2010. The study included all adult patients with
respiratory symptoms and/or smoking history based on structured interview.
The patients were referred to a pulmonologist and underwent a diagnostic
work-up, including spirometry. Results. There were 2074 patients, 38.4% men,
their mean age being 54?15.5 years. The patients were mostly current (40.3%)
or ex-smokers (27.4%). The common symptoms included shortness of breath
(84.9%), cough (79.1%) and wheezing (64.3%). The diagnosis of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease was confirmed by pulmonologists in 454 (21.9%)
and asthma in 455 (21.9%) patients. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
was newly diagnosed in 226 (10.9%) and asthma in 269 (13%) of the cases.
There was a moderate agreement between the pulmonologists and general
practitioners on the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(kappa 0.41, 95%CI 0.36-0.46) and asthma (kappa 0.42, 95% CI 0.37-0.465).
Conclusion. A significant number of patients seen in the general
practitioner?s office were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease or asthma and half of them represent new cases. A substantial
proportion of patients referred to a pulmonologist by primary care physicians
have been misdiagnosed.
Inventory model with cash flow oriented and time-dependent holding cost under permissible delay in payments
Authors: Tripathi R.P.
Published: February 2013

This study develops an inventory model for determining an optimal ordering
policy for non-deteriorating items and time-dependent holding cost with
delayed payments permitted by the supplier under inflation and
time-discounting. The discounted cash flows approach is applied to study the
problem analysis. Mathematical models have been derived under two different
situations i.e. case I: The permissible delay period is less than cycle time
for settling the account and case II: The permissible delay period is greater
than or equal to cycle time for settling the account. An algorithm is used to
obtain minimum total present value of the costs over the time horizon H.
Finally, numerical example and sensitivity analysis demonstrate the
applicability of the proposed model. The main purpose of this paper is to
investigate the optimal cycle time and optimal payment time for an item so
that annual total relevant cost is minimized.
Interests: Christian and economic views
Authors: Mijatovic Bosko
Published: February 2013

This paper provides a brief overview of the evolution of views on interest
from ancient times to the present day. Historical changes, including legal
acts prohibiting and restricting interest as well as theological and economic
views and disputes about the justification of its existence, are followed. It
turned out that life has sought and found ways to bypass bans, and that
placing man at the center of the universe after the Renaissance decidedly
marked a shift towards the legalization of interest. It was continuously
tolerated in Orthodox countries, with less confrontations than in the West.
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia first European regional state
Authors: Pavlovic Marko
Published: February 2013

It is generally accepted that the first European regional state was Italy
(since 1948), and the second was Spain (since 1978). This article, however,
proves that the first European regional state was the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
(1921 - 1939). The Kingdom of Yugoslavia as a regional state was formed in
imitation of the Union of South Africa (since 1909). The main proponents of
the concept of Yugoslav regionalism were Bogumil Vosnjak, a Slovene, and
Josip Smodlaka, a Croat from Dalmatia, both of them considered moderate
nationalists. Regional jurisdiction in the Vidovdan Constitution was modeled
according to Smodlaka?s and Vosnjak?s ideas. Law on the name and the
administrative division of the Kingdom from 1929 established administrative
areas (banovinas), whose jurisdiction mostly coincided with regional
jurisdiction. Banovinas were also carried to the Constitution of 1931,
provided that, with respect to self governing bodies, they were somewhat
shaped by the ideas of Stojan Protic, ?a moderate Serb?. The territories of
banovinas were shaped according to Smodlaka?s draft, so they were much larger
and economically stronger than previous (oblasti). When we compare the
standard regional jurisdiction (designed according to the Spanish
Constitution of 1978) with the jurisdiction of Yugoslav counties or
banovinas, we can conclude that they are almost identical. So, considering
the time priority, the Yugoslav Kingdom was the first regional state.
However, it was an inadequate form of a state due to the presence of strong
nationalisms, primarily Croatian.
Combined effects of cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether on thyroid hormones in rats
Authors: Ćurčić Marijana , Janković Saša , Jaćević Vesna , Stanković Sanja , Vučinić Slavica , Durgo Ksenija , Bulat Zorica , Antonijević Biljana
Published: February 2013

The aim of this study was to see how a mixture of cadmium (Cd) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE209) affect thyroid function, namely thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (FT4), triiodothyronin (T3), and free triiodothyronin (FT3) in Wistar rats (eight per group) receiving either a single substance or their combination by gavage for 28 days. Three groups were receiving Cd alone in the doses of 2.5 mg kg-1, 7.5 mg kg-1, or 15 mg kg-1 b. w. a day, three groups were receiving BDE209 in the doses of 1000 mg kg-1, 2000 mg kg-1, or 4000 mg kg-1 b. w. a day, while nine groups were receiving different mixtures of Cd and BDE209 in these doses (3x3 design). The results have indicated that the Cd+BDE209 mixtures more potently disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis than would be expected from these chemicals alone.
Adverse Health Effects Of Indoor Moulds / Štetni Zdravstveni Učinci Plijesni Unutarnjih Prostora
Authors: Piecková Elena
Published: February 2013

Building associated illnesses - sick building syndrome (SBS) as a common example - are associated with staying in buildings with poor indoor air quality. The importance of indoor fungal growth in this phenomenon continues to be evident, even though no causative relation has been established so far. Indoor humidity is strongly associated with the symptoms of SBS. Fungal metabolites that may induce ill health in susceptible occupants comprise beta-D-glucan, mycotoxins, and volatile organic compounds as known irritants and/or immunomodulators. Indoor toxic fungal metabolites might be located in micromycetal propagules (endometabolites), in (bio-)aerosol, detritus, and house dust (exometabolites) as their particular carriers. It is highly probable that hyphal fragments, dust, and particles able to reach the alveoli have the strongest depository and toxic potential. Most fungal spores are entrapped by the upper respiratory tract and do not reach further than the bronchi because of their size, morphology, and the mode of propagation (such as slime heads and aggreggation). This is why studies of the toxic effects of fungal spores prefer directly applying metabolite mixtures over mimicking real exposure. Chronic low-level exposure to a mixture of fungal toxicants and other indoor stressors may have synergistic effects and lead to severe neuroendocrineimmune changes.
Grapevine Trunk Diseases Associated with Fungi from the Diaporthaceae Family in Croatian Vineyards / Identifikacija Vrsta Roda Fusarium Izoliranih S Plodova Jabuke Nakon Skladištenja
Authors: Kaliterna Joško , Miličević Tihomir , Cvjetković Bogdan
Published: February 2013

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) have a variety of symptoms and causes. The latter include fungal species from the family Diaporthaceae. The aim of our study was to determine Diaporthaceae species present in the woody parts of grapevines sampled from 12 vine-growing coastal and continental areas of Croatia. The fungi were isolated from diseased wood, and cultures analysed for phenotype (morphology and pathogenicity) and DNA sequence (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2). Most isolates were identified as Phomopsis viticola, followed by Diaporthe neotheicola and Diaporthe eres. This is the first report of Diaporthe eres as a pathogen on grapevine in the world, while for Diaporthe neotheicola this is the first report in Croatia. Pathogenicity trials confirmed Phomopsis viticola as a strong and Diaporthe neotheicola as a weak pathogen. Diaporthe eres turned out to be a moderate pathogen, which implies that the species could have a more important role in the aetiology of GTD.
Sulphur cycling between terrestrial agroecosystem and atmosphere
Authors: Zgorelec Željka , Pehnec Gordana , Bašić Ferdo , Kisić Ivica , Mesić Milan , Žužul Silva , Jurišić Aleksandra , Šestak Ivana , Vađić Vladimira , Čačković Mirjana
Published: February 2013

Central gas station of the natural gas borehole system Podravina is located near the village Molve. It delivers more than a quarter of total energy used in Croatia to its consumers. Over the years, adapting technology to increasingly demanding and rigorous standards in environmental protection has become paramount. Yet, despite all the industry has undertaken to address the risk of harmful substances entering the food chain, a multidisciplinary research team of independent scientists monitors the content of specifi c substances in all components of the ecosystem. This paper presents measurements of total sulphur contents in soil surface [(0 to 3) cm] and subsurface [(3 to 8) cm] layers (study period: autumn 2006 - spring 2010) and in plants (study period: spring 2000 - spring 2010), and the concentration of gaseous sulphur compounds in the air. Concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and mercaptans (RSH) were measured from the summer of 2002 until the autumn of 2010, while concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2) were measured from the spring of 2008 until the autumn of 2010. The paper also shows total annual atmospheric sulphur (S-SO4) deposition at Bilogora measuring station (study period: 2001 - 2010). Average monthly concentrations of H2S in air varied between 0.2 μg m-3 and 2.0 μg m-3, RSH between 0.1 μg m-3 and 24.5 μg m-3, and SO2 between 0.4 μg m-3 and 2.8 μg m-3 depending on the location and the season of sampling. Mean values of total sulphur in soil and in Plantago lanceolata plant ranged between 610 mg kg-1 and 1,599 mg kg-1 and between 3,614 mg kg-1 and 4,342 mg kg-1, respectively, depending on the soil type, location, and sampling depth. Average values of total sulphur mass ratio for all examined single soil samples (n=80) were 1,080 mg kg-1 for both studied layers, and 4,108 mg kg-1 for all analysed plant samples (n=85). Average total annual atmospheric sulphur deposition at Bilogora measuring station was 6.3 kg of S-SO4 per hectar.
Paleoenvironments during the Rhaetian transgression and the colonization history of marine biota in the Fatric Unit (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Michalík Jozef , Lintnerová Otília , Wójcik-Tabol Patrycja , Gaździcki Andrzej , Grabowski Jacek , Golej Marián , Šimo Vladimír , Zahradníková Barbara
Published: February 2013

Terminal Triassic environmental changes are characterized by an integrated study of lithology, litho- and cyclostratigraphy, paleontology, mineralogy, geochemistry and rock magnetism in the Tatra Mts. The Carpathian Keuper sequence was deposited in an arid environment with only seasonal rivers, temporal lakes and swamps with scarce vegetation. Combination of a wide range of δ18O values (-0.7 to + 2.7) with negative δ13C values documents dolomite precipitation either from brackish or hypersaline lake water, or its derivation from pore water comparably to the Recent Coorong B-dolostone. Negative δ13C values indicate microbial C productivity. Rhaetian transgressive deposits with restricted Rhaetavicula fauna accumulated in nearshore swamps and lagoons. Associations of foraminifers, bivalves and sharks in the Zliechov Basin were controlled by physical factors. Bivalve mollusc biostromes were repetitively destroyed by storms, and temporary firm bottoms were colonized by oysters and burrowers. Subsequent black shale deposition recorded input of eolian dust. Bottom colonization by pachyodont bivalves, brachiopod and corals started much later, during highstand conditions. Facies evolution also revealed by geochemical data, C and O isotope curves reflect eustatic and climatic changes and help reconstruct the evolution of Rhaetian marine carbonate ramp. The Fatra Formation consists of 100 kyr eccentricity and 40 kyr obliquity cycles; much finer rhythmicity may record monsoonlike climatic fluctuations. Fluvial and eolian events were indicated by analysis of grain size and content of clastic quartz, concentrations of foraminiferal (Agathammina) tests in thin laminae indicates marine ingression events. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) variations reflect the distribution of authigenic and detrital constituents in the sequence. Increasing trend of MS correlates with the regressive Carpathian Keuper sequence and culminates within the bottom part of the Fatra Formation. Decreasing trend of MS is observed upwards the transgressive deposits of the Fatra Formation.
Foraminiferal assemblage in the coral-bearing limestones of the Vršatec area (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Western Carpathians, Slovakia)
Authors: Morycowa Elżbieta , Olszewska Barbara
Published: February 2013

The paper deals with benthic foraminifera occurring with the scleractinian corals in the Jurassic biohermal and peribiohermal coral-bearing limestones of the Vršatec area (Czorsztyn Succession, Slovak Pieniny Klippen Belt). The coral community is dominated by branching forms of the genus Thecosmilia. Co-occurring abundant benthic foraminifera belong to the species Rumanolina seiboldi, R. elevata, Paalzowella turbinella and Troglotella incrustans. The coral-bearing limestones were initially assigned to the Oxfordian on the basis of the microfacies analyses and bivalve and scleractinian faunas. In recent papers they are assigned to the Bajocian on the basis of ammonites found in the neptunic dykes and stratigraphic superimposition criteria. However, the stratigraphic distribution of the majority of the identified foraminifera indicates that like most scleractinian coral taxa they are not known earlier than in the Late Jurassic. The Late Jurassic age of these coral-bearing limestones is also suggested by an encrusting microproblematic organism Iberopora bodeuri.
Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of open and forested habitats of Korčula Island (Croatia)
Authors: Seniczak Stanisław , Kaczmarek Sławomir , Seniczak Anna , Rraczyk Radomir
Published: February 2013

Oribatid mites were investigated on Korčula Island (Croatia) in various microhabitats in an open habitat (moss on rock, moss on soil) and in stone pine forest floor (moss, litter, rotting wood) in late August 2004. Special attention was paid to the age structure of species. These mites were rather abundant but their species diversity was low. The highest density was observed in patches of moss in the forest floor, and the lowest density was in rotting wood. Among the oribatid mites, only several species were abundant (Achipteria nitens, Zygoribatula propinqua, Pilogalumna crassiclava, Scheloribates initialis, S. laevigatus, and Tectocepheus velatus). Some species were rich in juveniles, while in others the adults dominated.
Operating characteristics of transcritical CO2 heat pump for simultaneous water cooling and heating
Authors: Sarkar Jahar , Bhattacharyya Souvik
Published: February 2013

The effects of water-side operating conditions (mass flow rates and inlet temperatures) of both evaporator and gas cooler on the experimental as well as simulated performances (cooling and heating capacities, system coefficient of performance (COP) and water outlet temperatures) of the transcritical CO2 heat pump for simultaneous water cooling and heating the are studied and revised. Study shows that both the water mass flow rate and inlet temperature have significant effect on the system performances. Test results show that the effect of evaporator water mass flow rate on the system performances and water outlet temperatures is more pronounced (COP increases by 0.6 for 1 kg/min) compared to that of gas cooler water mass flow rate (COP increases by 0.4 for 1 kg/min) and the effect of gas cooler water inlet temperature is more significant (COP decreases by 0.48 for given range) compared to that of evaporator water inlet temperature (COP increases by 0.43 for given range). Comparisons of experimental values with simulated results show the maximum deviation of 5% for cooling capacity, 10% for heating capacity and 16% for system COP.
Thermodynamic analysis of biofuels as fuels for high temperature fuel cells
Authors: Milewski Jarosław , Bujalski Wojciech , Lewandowski Janusz
Published: February 2013

Based on mathematical modeling and numerical simulations, applicativity of various biofuels on high temperature fuel cell performance are presented. Governing equations of high temperature fuel cell modeling are given. Adequate simulators of both solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) have been done and described. Performance of these fuel cells with different biofuels is shown. Some characteristics are given and described. Advantages and disadvantages of various biofuels from the system performance point of view are pointed out. An analysis of various biofuels as potential fuels for SOFC and MCFC is presented. The results are compared with both methane and hydrogen as the reference fuels. The biofuels are characterized by both lower efficiency and lower fuel utilization factors compared with methane. The presented results are based on a 0D mathematical model in the design point calculation. The governing equations of the model are also presented. Technical and financial analysis of high temperature fuel cells (SOFC and MCFC) are shown. High temperature fuel cells can be fed by biofuels like: biogas, bioethanol, and biomethanol. Operational costs and possible incomes of those installation types were estimated and analyzed. A comparison against classic power generation units is shown. A basic indicator net present value (NPV) for projects was estimated and commented.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Aggressiveness, Molecular Factors And Therapy: A Clinician Perspective
Authors: Dorobanţu D. , Opriş Mihaela , Cif Georgeta Liliana , Trâmbiţaş C. , Seres Sturm L. , Petcu E. B.
Published: February 2013

Basal cell carcinoma represents the most common skin and epithelial cancer. Most of the patients are cured by surgery. However, some cases display fullblown aggressiveness which has a dual connotation. The tumour may reach an impressive size being locally destructive while in rare cases, basal cell carcinomas may metastasize. If this agressivetumour is located on the face or neck, the surgeon is confronted with a clinical dilemma since total removal of the lesion with clear margins is impossible. Therefore, nonsurgical approaches need to be adopted in these cases. A better understand of the molecular pathways could theoretically lead to new improved therapeutic treatments. The current paper presents an update on the molecular factors with clinical importance for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma in parallel with presentation of an aggressive case as well as a review of the current therapeutic methods.
Impact of a Childcare Centre Nutrition Program: On Nutrient Intakes in Nunavik Inuit Children
Authors: Gagné Doris , Blanchet Rosanne , Vaissière Émilie , Lauzière Julie , Vézina Carole , Vinet-Lanouette Chantal , O'brien Huguette Turgeon
Published: February 2013

Purpose: We assessed the impact of a nutrition program implemented in Nunavik childcare centres on Inuit children's food and dietary intakes.

Methods: Two hundred and forty-five Inuit children (aged 25.0 ± 9.6 months) were recruited between 2006 and 2010 in Nunavik childcare centres. Dietary intakes were assessed using a single 24-hour dietary recall (n=217). We compared participants’ energy and nutrient intakes, and the proportions who met iron requirements and Canada's Food Guide – First Nations, Inuit and Métis recommendations, depending on whether or not they attended a childcare centre during the 24-hour dietary reference period.

Results: Children who attended a childcare centre on the day of the recall had significantly higher intakes of omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, total iron, bioavailable iron, phosphorus, betacarotene, folate, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin K, while a higher proportion of them met the recommended intake for total and bioavailable iron. The proportion of children who met the recommended servings for vegetables and fruit, grain products, and milk and alternatives was also significantly higher among participants who attended a childcare centre.

Conclusions: The nutrition program was effective at improving these Inuit preschoolers’ diet.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B in admitted students of a Private Medical College
Authors: Khan M Karim , Ahmed KH Golam Sabbir , Ansari Nazma Parvin , Jahan Mst Khurshida
Published: February 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v1i2.13856 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.1(2) 2012 3-7
Ocular Changes in Eclampsia Patients among 100 Cases in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Yesmin Sabina , Hossain Ismail , Yasmin Halima , Nahar Lutfun , Shamsuddin Latifa
Published: February 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v1i2.13859 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.1(2) 2012 19-25
Clinical Spectra of Psoriatic Arthritis Interfacing Psoriatic Patients
Authors: Siddique Mohammad Rahmat Ullah , Rashid Muhammad Munir , Wahab Md Abdul , Khondker Lubna , Uddin Mohammad Jamal , Shamim Sarker Mahbub Ahmed , Islam Md Zafrul , Al-Mamun Abdullah
Published: February 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v1i2.13860 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.1(2) 2012 26-31
Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production
Authors: Congreves Katelyn , Vyn Richard , Van Eerd Laura
Published: February 2013

Cole crops (Brassica vegetables) can pose a significant risk for N losses during the post-harvest period due to substantial amounts of readily mineralizable N in crop residues. Amending the soil with organic C has the potential to immobilize N and thereby reduce the risk for N losses. Four field trials were conducted to determine the effects of organic C amendments (OCA) on N dynamics and spring wheat (Triticum durum L.) harvest parameters proceeding early- and late-broccoli (Brassica olecerea var italica L.) systems in 2009 and 2010. The experimental controls represented the traditional grower practice of incorporated broccoli crop residue (CR-control) and the pre-plant application of N fertilizer (CRN-control) to subsequent spring wheat. Alternative practices were compared to the controls, which included broccoli crop residue removal (CR-removal), an oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop (CC-oat), and three different OCA of wheat straw (OCA-straw), yard waste (OCA-yard), or used cooking oil (OCA-oil). The treatments, which demonstrated reduced autumn soil mineral N (SMN) concentrations after broccoli harvest, relative to the CR-control, were CR-removal, OCA-straw, and OCA-oil. Although CR-removal and OCA-straw indicated a reduced potential for autumn soil N losses in the early-broccoli system, these practices are not recommended for growers because subsequent spring wheat yield and profit margins were reduced compared to the CR- and CRN-controls. The OCA-oil reduced autumn SMN concentrations by 53 to 112 kg N ha−1 relative to the CR-control after both early- and late-broccoli harvest, suggesting a larger potential for reduced autumn soil N losses, compared to all other treatments. No detrimental effects resulted from the OCA-oil treatment on the subsequent spring yield or grain N. The OCA-oil reduced spring wheat profit margins relative to the CR-control, like the OCA-straw and CR-removal treatments, however profit margins were similar between the OCA-oil and the CRN-control. Therefore, in areas with a high risk of environmental N contamination, growers should consider the OCA-oil practice after cole crop harvest to minimize the risk of N losses.
Stabilized Conversion Efficiency and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells from Beta vulgaris Pigment
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Angel , Estévez Miriam , Vargas Susana , Rodríguez Rogelio
Published: February 2013

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), based on TiO2 and assembled using a dye from Beta vulgaris extract (BVE) with Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), are reported. The dye BVE/TEOS increased its UV resistance, rendering an increase in the cell lifetime; the performance of these solar cells was compared to those prepared with BVE without TEOS. The efficiency η for the solar energy conversion was, for BVE and BVE/TEOS, of 0.89% ± 0.006% and 0.68% ± 0.006% with a current density Jsc of 2.71 ± 0.003 mA/cm2 and 2.08 ± 0.003 mA/cm2, respectively, using in both cases an irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 at 25 °C. The efficiency of the BVE solar cell dropped from 0.9 ± 0.006 to 0.85 ± 0.006 after 72 h of operation, whereas for the BVE/TEOS, the efficiency remained practically constant in the same period of time.
The Safety Journey: Using a Safety Maturity Model for Safety Planning and Assurance in the UK Coal Mining Industry
Authors: Foster Patrick , Hoult Stuart
Published: February 2013

A Safety Maturity Model was developed for use in UK coal mining operations in order to assess the level of compliance and effectiveness with a recently introduced standards based safety management system. The developed model allowed for a “self-assessment” of the maturity to be undertaken by teams from the individual sites. Assessments were undertaken at all sites (surface and underground) and in some cases within each site (e.g., underground operations, surface coal preparation plant). Once the level of maturity was established, improvement plans were developed to improve the maturity of individual standards that were weaker than the average and/or improve the maturity as a whole. The model was likened to a journey as there was a strong focus on continual improvement and effectiveness of the standards, rather than pure compliance. The model has been found to be a practical and useful tool by sites as a means of identifying strengths and weaknesses within their systems, and as a means of assurance with the safety management system standards.
Assessing Performance of NDVI and NDVI3g in Monitoring Leaf Unfolding Dates of the Deciduous Broadleaf Forest in Northern China
Authors: Luo Xiangzhong , Chen Xiaoqiu , Xu Lin , Myneni Ranga , Zhu Zaichun
Published: February 2013

Using estimated leaf unfolding data and two types of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI and NDVI3g) data generated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) in the deciduous broadleaf forest of northern China during 1986 to 2006, we analyzed spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal relationships and differences between ground-based growing season beginning (BGS) and NDVI (NDVI3g)-retrieved start of season (SOS and SOS3g), and compared effectiveness of NDVI and NDVI3g in monitoring BGS. Results show that the spatial series of SOS (SOS3g) correlates positively with the spatial series of BGS at all pixels in each year (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the time series of SOS (SOS3g) correlates positively with the time series of BGS at more than 65% of all pixels during the study period (P < 0.05). Furthermore, when pooling SOS (SOS3g) time series and BGS time series from all pixels, a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) was also detectable between the spatiotemporal series of SOS (SOS3g) and BGS. In addition, the spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal differences between SOS (SOS3g) and BGS are at acceptable levels overall. Generally speaking, SOS3g is more consistent and accurate than SOS in capturing BGS, which suggests that NDVI3g data might be more sensitive than NDVI data in monitoring vegetation leaf unfolding.
Classe(s) moyenne(s) : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Darbon Dominique
Published: February 2013

Résumé Par leur hétérogénéité, les divers groupes intermédiaires s’affirment plutôt par défaut, entre « ni vraiment pauvre, ni vraiment riche ». L’abondante littérature consacrée au(x) classe(s) moyenne(s) montre qu’il n’y a aucun effet systématique et automatique à attendre de cette catégorie en Afrique en tant que telle. Il s’agit pourtant d’un objet de recherche fondamental, parce qu’il permet à la fois de dévoiler des dynamiques sociales nouvelles qui agissent aussi bien sur l’économie que sur le politique et qui transforme durablement la manière de penser le développement et l’aide sur le continent.
Les Nana Benz de Lomé
Authors: Toulabor Comi
Published: February 2013

Résumé À partir du cas des célèbres Nana Benz du Togo, le présent article examine à partir de quand et comment les frustrations sociales prennent une expression politique. Les différentes ressources mobilisées dans l’action collective (mode d’organisation, démocratie interne, rapport des leaders au pouvoir, politisation de la base) permettent de comprendre pourquoi des frustrations réelles peuvent déboucher ou non sur des actions collectives. N’est-il pas de l’intérêt du pouvoir, de tout pouvoir, de favoriser des couches sociales telles que les commerçants qui s’accommodent d’un pouvoir « stable », même s’il est corrompu ?
Entrer et vivre dans la « petite prospérité » à Niamey
Authors: Nallet Clélie
Published: February 2013

Résumé Les résultats d’enquêtes menées à Niamey auprès d’une quarantaine de ménages susceptibles de constituer une « classe moyenne locale » permettent d’identifier des trajectoires personnelles singulières. Mais, derrière l’hétérogénéité des profils, trois groupes sociaux se distinguent : les « jeunes stratèges », les « commerçants plaise à Dieu » et les « femmes au revenu argent de poche ». Ces groupes, qui manifestent une grande capacité d’adaptation, peuvent jouer un rôle dans la résilience sociale face à la grande pauvreté et à l’incapacité de l’État à établir des « sécurités ».
Entre wahhabisme et marche forcée vers la modernité
Authors: Sader Karim
Published: February 2013

Encore peu connu du grand public jusqu’à récemment, l’émirat du Qatar aura su s’imposer comme un partenaire incontournable au Moyen-Orient, tant sur le plan diplomatique, grâce à son rôle de médiateur dans les grandes crises qui secouent la région, que sur le plan économique, en vertu de ses immenses richesses énergétiques. De la création de la chaîne satellitaire Al-Jazeera qui a révolutionné le paysage médiatique arabe, à l’organisation de la coupe du monde football en 2022, le petit émirat de 11.437 km 2 , territoire désertique à peine plus vaste que la Corse, aura connu une fulgurante ascension sur la scène internationale et ce, en à peine deux décennies.
Les acteurs du management des compétences dans les organisations par projets
Authors: Loufrani-Fedida Sabrina
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence les acteurs impliqués dans l’articulation entre management des compétences et organisation par projets. Notre recherche repose sur une démarche qualitative, centrée sur une étude de cas multiples, conduite au sein de quatre entreprises organisées par projets et évoluant dans des secteurs d’activité différents : IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Arkopharma et Temex. Nous proposons une classification des acteurs en trois catégories : les « stratèges », les « organisateurs » et les « destinataires ». Aussi, au regard des données recueillies et de leur analyse, nous concluons que les acteurs « organisateurs » jouent un rôle majeur dans la dynamique conjointe des compétences et des projets.
Réactance psychologique des consommateurs face aux programmes de fidélisation : cas des cartes de fidélité dans la distribution
Authors: Ben Lallouna Hafsia Hajer , Laouiti Rim El Fray
Published: February 2013

Résumé L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les facteurs conduisant à la réactance psychologique des consommateurs face aux programmes de fidélisation ainsi que ses effets. L’analyse des résultats d’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de 300 consommateurs tunisiens d’une chaîne de distribution sur des cartes de fidélité a montré que certaines valeurs perçues, à savoir la découverte, la simplicité et l’appartenance, contribuent essentiellement à atténuer la réactance psychologique des consommateurs. Les résultats ont aussi révélé l’importance de l’autonomie dans le comportement d’achat comme déterminant de la réactance. Ses effets concernent notamment l’intention de réachat et le bouche-à-oreille négatif. Ces résultats ont permis de proposer des solutions aux marketeurs afin de les aider à rendre les programmes de fidélité plus efficaces.
Maintenir l'ordre au Nigeria : vers une histoire de la souveraineté de l'État
Authors: Owen Olly , Garnier Adèle
Published: February 2013

Résumé Cet article retrace l’évolution de la Nigerian Police Force afin d’expliquer la nature de l’institution policière contemporaine au Nigeria. Il tente d’établir les origines et les trajectoires de la distribution du pouvoir et des modalités d’exercice de celui-ci. L’histoire du contrôle policier formel au Nigeria est comprise ici comme celle de la souveraineté et du domaine de l’État. La souveraineté par le maintien de l’ordre renvoie ici au déploiement du contrôle de l’État dans un contexte de légitimité contestée, de ressources étatiques (matérielles et symboliques) limitées, de persistance d’alternatives traditionnelles au maintien de l’ordre et d’émergence de nouvelles. L’article s’appuie sur des sources écrites primaires et secondaires, mais aussi dans une large mesure sur des entretiens avec des officiers de police de la période coloniale et postcoloniale. À ces sources s’ajoute une perspective ethnographique sur les stratégies contemporaines de maintien de l’ordre au Nigeria s’appuyant sur un travail de terrain mené entre 2009 et 2011.
Cystoid Macular Edema Secondary to Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Therapy
Authors: Rahimy Ehsan , Sarraf David
Published: February 2013

The authors report a case of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel-induced cystoid macular edema (CME) without fluorescein angiographic leakage in a patient being treated for metastatic breast cancer. The CME briskly improved 3 weeks after the chemotherapeutic agent was discontinued and was completely resolved after 6 weeks. Patients receiving taxane therapy must be counseled to report any vision problems during their treatment period because early recognition of this rare but severe adverse event can facilitate appropriate intervention to reverse visual compromise and minimize any potential long-term ophthalmologic sequelae.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:187–189]
Origen y naturaleza de los minerales fosfato-sulfato alumínicos (APS) asociados a la mineralización de uranio en los red-beds triásicos (Cordillera Ibérica, España)
Authors: Marfil R. , La Iglesia A. , Estupiñán J.
Published: February 2013

Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de los minerales fosfato-sulfato alumínicos (APS) que se producenen una secuencia clástica del Triásico (Buntsandstein) de la Cordillera Ibérica. El depósito está constituido por areniscas, lutitas y conglomerados con matriz arenosa, que fueron depositados en ambientes de fluviala marino somero. En la secuencia clástica además de los APS están presentes los siguientes minerales dia-genéticos: cuarzo,feldespato potásico, minerales del grupo de la caolinita, illita, óxidos-hidróxidos de Fe,cementos-reemplazamientos de carbonatos y sulfatos y minerales secundarios uraníferos. Los mineralesAPS fueron identificados y caracterizados por microscopía óptica, difracción de rayos X, microscopía elec-trónica de barrido, y microsonda electrónica. Los microcristales de APS reemplazan a minerales uraníferos,asociados con caolinita-dickita, mica y rellenando la porosidad de arcosas-subarcosas fluviales a marealesdistales. Dado su contenido en Ca, Sr y Ba, los minerales APS se pueden definir como una solución sólida de crandallita-goyacita-gorceixita (0,53 Ca, 0,46 Sr y 0,01 Ba). La baja concentración en LREE y elcontenido de Sr>S, sugieren que los minerales APS se originaron durante la alteración supergénica de lasareniscas del Buntsandstein, debido a la presencia de fluidos mineralizantes que provocaron la formaciónde areniscas uraníferas en una zona de alteración distal. Además, la aparición de dickita asociada a losminerales APS, indica que éstos precipitaron a temperatura superior a 80ºC, relacionada con el levanta-miento que tuvo lugar durante la etapa post-rift del Cretácico Superior.
Antigen Choice Determines Vaccine-Induced Generation of Immunogenic versus Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells That Are Marked by Differential Expression of Pancreatic Enzymes
Authors: Farkas Adam M. , Marvel Douglas M. , Finn Olivera J.
Published: February 2013

Dendritic cells (DC) elicit immunity to pathogens and tumors while simultaneously preserving tolerance to self. Efficacious cancer vaccines have been a challenge because they are based on tumor Ags, some of which are self-Ags and thus subject to self-tolerance. One such Ag is the tumor-associated mucin MUC1. Preclinical testing of MUC1 vaccines revealed existence of peripheral tolerance to MUC1 that compromises their efficacy. To identify mechanisms that act early postvaccination and might predict vaccine outcome, we immunized human MUC1 transgenic mice (MUC1.Tg) i.v. with a MUC1 peptide vaccine against which they generate weak immunity and wild-type (WT) mice that respond strongly to the same peptide. We analyzed differences in splenic DC phenotype and function between the two mouse strains at 24 and 72 h postvaccination and also performed unbiased total gene expression analysis of the spleen. Compared to WT, MUC1.Tg spleens had significantly fewer DC, and they exhibited significantly lower expression of costimulatory molecules, decreased motility, and preferential priming of Ag-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. This tolerogenic DC phenotype and function was marked by a new putative biomarker revealed by the microarray: a cohort of pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase, and others) not previously reported in DC. These enzymes were strongly upregulated in the splenic DC from vaccinated WT mice and suppressed in the splenic DC of vaccinated MUC1.Tg mice. Suppression of the enzymes was dependent on regulatory T cells and on signaling through the IL-10R and correlated with global downregulation of DC immunostimulatory phenotype and function.
Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale applied by telephone
Authors: Savio Katia , Della Pietra Gian Luca , Oddone Elodie , Reggiani Monica , Leone Maurizio A.
Published: February 2013

We aimed to evaluate the reliability of the modified Rankin Scale applied telephonically compared with face-to-face assessment in clinically stable hospitalized patients with acute stroke. One hundred and thirty-one patients were interviewed twice by 2 certified nurses (unstructured interview). Half of the patients were randomized to be interviewed by telephone followed by the face-to-face assessment, and half in the reverse order. The median value of the modified Rankin Scale score was 4 (first to third interquartile range 3-5) by telephone as well as by face-to-face assessment (P=0.8). The weighted kappa between the two methods was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.88). Sensitivity of the telephone assessment was lower for scores 2 and 3 (17% and 46%, respectively) than for the other scores (range 67-90%). Telephone assessment of stroke disability with the modified Rankin Scale is reliable in comparison to direct face- to-face assessment.
Impacts of future climate change on the Fraser River delta and its urban estuary
Authors: Taylor E
Published: February 2013

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases threaten to increase the average global temperature and total precipitation. Unchecked, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide will have doubled relative to preindustrial times within the next 50-80 years.
This may cause regional climate patterns around the world to change substantially. The magnitude and timing of these regional climate changes can only be estimated, making it difficult to accurately predict how physical and biological systems will change in the Fraser River delta or anywhere else in
the world. Responses could range from a substantial rise in sea level that could threaten the dyking systems of the Fraser River delta, to an increased immigration pressure on the Fraser River delta from environmental refugees fleeing climate-change-ravaged homelands outside of Canada. Knowledge of
the potential changes that might put pressure on the Fraser River delta will be useful in planning the development of the delta for the future.
Sustainable development for the Fraser River estuary
Authors: Mooney P F
Published: February 2013

Since the Lower Mainland of British Columbia was first settled, it has been altered by development for human purposes. This, like most development now occurring in the world, has not been sustainable. This paper examines a landscape ecological model of
sustainability, compares it with the current compartmentalization model of development, and proposes that adoption of the landscape ecological model
and of the concept of diversity in landscape planning and development provides a basis for achieving sustainable land use.

A fundamental premise of this paper is that development is an act of ecosystem design in that it is an alteration of the structure and function of the ecosystem. Understanding this, we may use human activities as a vehicle to enhance, rather than degrade, human ecosystem function and make the region
more sustainable from both a human and a natural systems perspective. Several regional case studies are examined for sustainability in relation to this model.
Analysing risk and vulnerability of South African settlements: Attempts, explorations and reflections
Authors: Van Huyssteen Elsona , Le Roux Alize , Van Niekerk Willemien
Published: February 2013

With the world’s urban population now estimated to be at 52% (United Nations 2012:1), towns and cities are increasingly becoming the stage where disaster risk has to be managed and mitigated. Understanding the risks and vulnerabilities in these complex socio-ecological systems thus becomes of utmost importance to be able to intervene in the underlying root causes, dynamic pressures and unsafe conditions. In this paper, the authors share their experience in, and reflect on, recent attempts at exploring integrated and place-specific risk and vulnerability analyses of settlements in South Africa. An overview is first provided of the attempt to develop multi-criteria indicators for integrated assessment of socio-economic vulnerability at a regional level. Secondly, an indication is provided of some first steps in interpreting projections for environmental risks and hazards in terms of possible implications for settlements at this regional level. The paper concludes with some reflections on the challenges and breakthroughs experienced in this exercise, as well as implications for on-going and future research.
Assessment of Patients' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Eastern Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Esmael Ahmed , Ali Ibrahim , Agonafir Mulualem , Desale Adinew , Yaregal Zelalem , Desta Kassu
Published: February 2013

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia and the Amhara region. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and health-seeking practice in this region is essential to plan, implement, and evaluate advocacy, communication, and social mobilization work. This may improve the case detection rate. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients toward TB in the Eastern Amhara region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among suspected and confirmed TB patients who were 18 years of age and older. For this purpose, 422 participants were enrolled. A structured and pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data. In addition χ2 and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to see an association with different variables. The mean and median knowledge score of respondents about pulmonary TB was 6.81 and 7, respectively. The majority of respondents had several misconceptions in all aspects of the most infectious form of TB. About half of the respondents did not know the current free cost of TB diagnosis and treatment. The 69.9% of respondents claimed that cost is the main reason for not getting care. The majority of respondents had several misconceptions about TB. The TB control program needs to consider advocacy, communication, and social mobilization for addressing the gap in the study sites.
Evaluating transport in the WRF model along the California coast
Authors: Yver C. E. , Graven H. D. , Lucas D. D. , Cameron-Smith P. J. , Keeling R. F. , Weiss R. F.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a step in the development of a top-down method to complement the bottom-up inventories of halocarbon emissions in California using high frequency observations, forward simulations and inverse methods. The Scripps Institution of Oceanography high-frequency atmospheric halocarbons measurement sites are located along the California coast and therefore the evaluation of transport in the chosen Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model at these sites is crucial for inverse modeling. The performance of the transport model has been investigated by comparing the wind direction and speed and temperature at four locations using aircraft weather reports as well at all METAR weather stations in our domain for hourly variations. Different planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, horizontal resolutions (achieved through nesting) and two meteorological datasets have been tested. Finally, simulated concentration of an inert tracer has been briefly investigated. All the PBL schemes present similar results that generally agree with observations, except in summer when the model sea breeze is too strong. At the coarse 12 km resolution, using ERA-interim (ECMWF Re-Analysis) as initial and boundary conditions leads to improvements compared to using the North American Model (NAM) dataset. Adding higher resolution nests also improves the match with the observations. However, no further improvement is observed from increasing the nest resolution from 4 km to 0.8 km. Once optimized, the model is able to reproduce tracer measurements during typical winter California large-scale events (Santa Ana). Furthermore, with the WRF/CHEM chemistry module and the European Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) version 4.1 emissions for HFC-134a, we find that using a simple emission scaling factor is not sufficient to infer emissions, which highlights the need for more complex inversions.