bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fizičko vaspitanje za vreme pandemije Kovida-19
Authors: Milovanović Miodrag Z.
Published: September 2022

Dvogodišnje trajanje pandemije izazvane virusom COVID - 19 dovelo je do brojnih izmena načina života. Zbog brojnih neželjenih psihosocijalnih i zdravstvenih posledica posebnu pažnju zaslužuju različiti stepeni ograničenja fizičke aktivnosti kod svih uzrasnih grupa. Naš rad je bio pregled mogućnosti za prevazilaženje poteškoća koje naročito iskrsavaju u organizovanju redovne nastave fizičkog vaspitanja i odgovarajuće fizičke aktivnosti kod dece i adolescenata. Predmet ovog istraživanja se odnosio na fizičko vaspitanje za vreme pandemije COVID – 19. Cilj istraživanja je predstavljao sveobuhvatno sagledavanje i razumevanje problema koji su nastali usled pandemije, a odnosili su se na fizičku aktivnost. Shodno predmetu i cilju istraživanja, došlo se do rezultata istraživanja koji ukazali na to da je fizičko vaspitanje moguće održati na istom nivou , kao i pre pandemije COVID – 19 uz određene korekcije , kao i usmerenost na aktivnosti na otvorenom prostoru. Za sada je donešen određeni broj preporuka za održavanje fizičkog vaspitanja za vreme pandemije COVID – 19.
Intelektualni kapital i dualno obrazovanje u funkciji razvoja privrede
Authors: Paunović Branka
Published: September 2022

Cilj rada je da ukaže na značaj intelektualnog kapitala i dualnog obrazovanja za razvoj privrede. U radu se polazi od mesta i značaja dualnog obrazovanja za razvoj savremenih privrednih subjekata. Kao i na sticanju osnovnih znanja koja su neophodna u savremenom načinu poslovanja za celokupan ekonomski rast i razvoj. Poznato je da dualno obrazovanje i priliv stranih direktnih investicija mogu zajedno uticati na jačanje privrednog rasta . Sadašnje stanje i aktivnosti koje su preduzete u Srbiji , kako bi se razvoj školskog obrazovanja ubrzao, istaknuto je potrebom usvajanja i primenom strategije i politike razvoja obrazovanja u Srbiji do 2030. godine, koja bi uključila i dualno obrazovanje.
Testing the English Language in the Online Environment during the imposed Covid-19 Era
Authors: Kukić Marko
Published: September 2022

As the outbreak of Covid-19 occurred two years ago, the entire education system was forced to change a wellestablished learning system; thus universities and schools faced numerous challenges, and one of the challenges was the way of conducting testing. Given the fact that the world was in lockdown, online testing was the only solution. Therefore, many programs and applications emerged to provide help and support; however, the question arose whether online testing could be implemented in certain fields, such as learning foreign languages. This paper aims to shed light on the current situation of testing the English language in the online environment. The first part of the paper compares on-site testing and online testing, and at the same time delves into the problems that may occur during online testing. On the other hand, the second part of the paper focuses on the examined attitudes and experiences of English language students regarding online testing. Also, the results reveal the problems that students encounter when conducting online testing and consider online testing as new normality.
МЕТОД И СТРУЧНА ОСПОСОБЉЕНОСТ КАДРОВА У СИСТЕМУ ОБЕЗБЕЂЕЊА ЛИЦА И ИМОВИНЕ УСЛЕД COVID-19
Authors: Стевановић Жељко
Published: September 2022

Особе која се баве пословима обезбеђења лица и имовине морају да буду обучене како би одговориле захтевима послова из овог домена. Колико год звучао примамљиво, овај посао је стресан за лица која се њим баве. Поверен посао морају да обављају крајње одговорно и на нивоу како би заштитили оно што им је поверено и у доба пандемије COVID-а, када је веома тешко функционисање, обука, стучно оспосбљавање и школовање кадрова који обављају поменути посао. Када се добије посао обезбеђења лица, радило се то о обезбеђењу на нивоу државе, ентитета или приватног обезбеђења, они морају да се на неки начин сједине са особом коју обезбеђују тј. да живе живот те особе. Оосбе које су запослене на пословима обезбеђења често немају свој приватан живот јер морају бити на располагању служби двадесет четири сата, тј морају бити на располагању особи коју штите, морају бити високо мотивисани за тај посао, морају познавати бонтон, а примерна комуникација је од великог значаја. Школовање и стручно оспособљавање кадрова у многоме је отежано због пандемије што је делимично и огледа у одређеним пропустима у раду.
Valley topological states in double-surface periodic elastic phonon crystal plates
Authors: Li Yin-Ming , Kong Peng , Bi Ren-Gui , He Zhao-Jian , Deng Ke ,   Department of Physics, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
Published: September 2022

The topological insulator, as its novel physical properties, such as transmission protection, energy loss free and defect immunity, has aroused much interest recently. It is necessary to introduce the concept of topology into elastic materials to enrich the research contents of elastic waves. The concept of valley state provides a simplest solution to realize topological states. In this work, we design a double surface periodic phononic crystal based on elastic material, the upper and lower surfaces are composed of periodically arranged triangular prismatic scatterers. Valley topological states of elastic phononic crystals are observed only when focusing on Lamb waves in out-of-plane mode by numerical simulation. We also analyze theoretically the valley Chern number. As the angle between the triangular prism and the positive direction of the X axis is greater than 0, the Chern number of K is 1/2; when the angle is less than 0, the Chern number is –1/2 . The K has the number opposite to the Chern number. By simply tuning the geometry of the scatterer, the inversion of the energy band will occur and the topological phase transition will be realized. We find that the frequency of edge state in valley topology can be regulated by adjusting the heights of scatterers. Moreover, wide frequency excitation is achieved at the edge interface composed of different valley Hall materials, which proves that the idea of adjustable edge state frequency can be implemented in elastic materials. According to the two different valley phase phononic crystals, we study the topological transport, exhibiting excellent transmission performance, even the Z-shaped interface. We find that the designed double surface structure has a stronger immune effect to defects than single surface, achieving a new degree of freedom in the valley topology protection of elastic wave excitation.
Transition control of cylinder wake via Lorentz force
Authors: Huang Ya-Dong , Wang Zhi-He , Zhou Ben-Mou ,   National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China,   School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China,   Science and Technology on Transient Physics Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: September 2022

The flow around a cylinder is a typical flow acting as the oscillator, and the perturbations can grow with time at a fixed position. This phenomenon can induce the laminar-turbulent transition in the wake, thus increasing the vibrations of the cylinder as well as the noise in the flow system. There exist three control strategies, i.e. the streamwise Lorentz force from the electromagnetic actuator set on the windward surface named windward control, the leeward surface named leeward control, and the whole surface of cylinder named global control, which are adopted to modify the two-dimensional base flow, thereby reducing the growth rates of perturbations in the wake and changing the transition mode. According to the Floquet stability analysis, it is found that the growth rates of the transition modes A and B present small changes in the windward control, while the growth rates of the two modes decrease with the increase of the control number in the other two control cases. Comparing the inviscid growth rates induced by the elliptic instability and the hyperbolic instability with each other, it is observed that the high inviscid growth rate in the windward control can be similar to those without control, while the inviscid growth rates can decrease with the increase of control number in the other two control cases. Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations are performed to validate the control effects. The results shows that the three-dimensional shape of the wake is changed from mode B to mode A when the actuator is set on the leeward surface or the whole surface of the cylinder. This is consistent with the result from the Floquet stability analysis. In addition, the drag of the cylinder reduces 15.2% for the leeward control and 14.4% for the the global control.
A compound optical path difference phase-shift solution method based on Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectral velocimetry
Authors: Peng Xiang , Liu En-Hai , Tian Shu-Lin , Fang Liang ,   Key laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China,   Automation Engineering Academy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China,   School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: September 2022

Asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy is a new ultra-high resolution remote sensing detection technology. Based on its features of large luminous flux, small size, and high precision, it is very suitable for high-precision detection in a deep-space environment. Because of its high sensitivity, various details may interfere with the measurement results in experiment. In this paper, from the perspective of experimental condition, considering the influences of factors such as fringe center position offset, uneven illumination, and Gaussian noise, a compound optical path difference phase-shift solution method is proposed. The simulation calculation and data analysis show that the offset of the nominal point relative to the center position will significantly affect the systematic error of spectral velocity measurement. And the compound optical path difference phase-shift solution method can smooth the environmental noise and random interference to a certain extent. For the interference fringe image with 1% Gaussian noise, the velocity measurement error can be controlled within 5‰ by using the compound optical path difference phase-shift solution method, which makes the asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology more suitable for space optoelectronic precision measurement.
Visualización de datos contra la opresión y para la liberación: Un enfoque feminista
Authors:   Observatorio de Datos y Estadísticas de Género e Interseccionalidades, Bravo Lizbeth , Rufs Catalina ,   Observatorio de Datos y Estadísticas de Género e Interseccionalidades, Moyano Daniela ,   Observatorio de Datos y Estadísticas de Género e Interseccionalidades
Published: September 2022

En este artículo, abordamos la visualización de datos como un artefacto político a la luz del trabajo del Observatorio de Datos y Esta­dísticas de Género e Interseccionalidades (ODEGI). Mostramos cómo un enfoque feminis­ta permite explorar las dimensiones políti­cas de los datos y convierte la visualización de datos en una herramienta de subversión y resistencia contra los sistemas de opresión, en una sociedad desigual como la chilena. Las reflexiones de este artículo pretenden crear un diálogo en torno a la problemática de cómo hacer que la visualización de datos se transforme en una herramienta que com­bata la opresión y fomente la liberación a partir de un enfoque feminista. En esta línea, la primera parte del artículo ofrece una breve contextualización de los atributos políticos y éticos de la visualización de datos. A con­tinuación, reflexionamos sobre un marco conceptual que nos permite entenderla como una herramienta feminista. Finalmen­te, nos adentramos en el caso de ODEGI y nuestro uso de la visualización de datos para contribuir a la lucha contra el patriarcado y otros sistemas de opresión, dando ejemplos concretos de las categorías de análisis que utilizamos en nuestros procesos de diseño y toma de decisiones.
La huelga de estudiantes como práctica pedagógica crítica en la enseñanza del diseño gráfico
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Souza Eduardo A. B. M. , Cunha Filho Paulo Carneiro ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Published: September 2022

Este artículo relata y analiza la experien­cia de los estudiantes de Diseño Gráfico para las Artes Industriales que planifican y realizan de forma autónoma un evento (denominado préocupe) utilizando métodos de investigación-acción para abordar dos asuntos: la fragmentación del alumnado y el sentimiento de inadecuación. Enmarcando los conceptos de “trabajo” y “conciencia crítica” de Vieira Pinto, esta investigación confirmó que la realidad existencial de los estudiantes es afín a la de las clases traba­jadoras: ambos grupos trabajan para otros cuando realizan sus actividades habituales. El artículo presenta las declaraciones de los alumnos, tal como fueron recogidas en una entrevista colectiva, para demostrar que el préocupe instanciaba la esencia pedagógica de la huelga: desarrollar la conciencia crítica de clase. Este trabajo se relaciona con otras iniciativas que desafían la propagación de la educación neoliberal en todo el mundo y es una contribución significativa a las prác­ticas de pedagogía crítica en la enseñanza del diseño, con relatos de estudiantes que desarrollan tanto las habilidades operativas del diseño gráfico como la conciencia crítica de forma autónoma.
Alegorías generativas de opresión y emancipación: Reflexionando con modelos sociales computacionales
Authors:   Auckland University of Technology, Sosa Ricardo ,   Universidad de Monash
Published: September 2022

Este artículo presenta un enfoque compu­tacional para el crecimiento de sociedades artificiales (simulaciones basadas en agen­tes) como una herramienta explícita, acce­sible y sistemática para visualizar y generar ideas y nuevas preguntas sobre los concep­tos de opresión y emancipación de Paulo Freire. Estos modelos no requieren afirma­ciones de validez o predicción, sino que su valor radica en su capacidad de estructurar nuestro pensamiento y apoyar nuestra com­prensión. Aquí, utilizo simulaciones sociales computacionales como alegorías genera­tivas para reflexionar sobre el papel de los diseñadores en contextos participativos, de codiseño y de diseño social. El artículo muestra cómo las ideas freireanas pueden ayudar a replantear el diseño para transfor­marlo en un oficio pedagógico basado en el diálogo y la investigación colectiva.
Estrategias anti opresivas de evaluación para la enseñanza del diseño
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernasconi Renato
Published: September 2022

Esta editorial pretende hacer un aporte a la discusión abierta por los editores de este número visibilizando las dinámicas de poder implícitas en las estrategias de evaluación. Se plantea que, al evaluar a los estudiantes en forma acrítica, no solo reproducimos patrones de estratificación social, sino que también los legitimamos. Se proponen tres estrategias que podrían contribuir a adoptar formas liberadoras de evaluación en el ámbito de la enseñanza del diseño: la autoevaluación, la libertad de formato y la ponderación libre. Más allá de su valor instrumental, se subraya que estas estrategias permiten visibilizar las relaciones de poder, abriendo una vía para subvertirlas.
Efecto de la infestación del escarabajo descortezador de pinos mediante la determinación de compuestos orgánicos volátiles en Área de Protección Flora y Fauna Sierra de Quila (APFFSQ), Jalisco, México
Authors: de la Cruz García Hernández Teresa , Rodríguez Rivas Antonio , Contreras Quiñonez Héctor Jesús , Andrade Ortega Jesús Angel , Díaz Ramos Sara Gabriela , Iñiguez Herrera Gloria , Velázquez Ordoñez Celso
Published: September 2022

Se realizó la determinación de compuestos orgánicos volátiles en dos especies de pinos, con diferentes fases de infestación por escarabajos descortezadores de los géneros Dendroctonus e Ips, en el Área Natural Protegida Sierra de Quila, Jalisco, ubicada al Occidente de México. En 2016 se colectaron acículas de Pino douglasiana y Pinus oocarpa, en fase 1, 2 y 3 de infestación, así como de árboles sanos; con dicho material se llevaron a cabo extracciones con agitación constante en frío. Los extractos obtenidos se analizaron mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS), identificando alrededor de 15 compuestos para árboles sanos. Estos metabolitos secundarios fueron en su mayoría monoterpenos como α y β-pineno, limoneno y 3-careno; solo estuvieron presentes dos sesquiterpenos en común (β-copaeno y cariofileno). En los extractos de los pinos infestados se incrementaron los sesquiterpenos y sus derivados a 10 compuestos, entre ellos δ-cadineno, longifoleno, γ-cadineno γ-muuroleno, 8-hidroxi-endo-cicloisolongifoleno y α-cadinol. Nuestro estudio muestra como la composición química de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles de los pinos atacados por los escarabajos descortezadores se incrementó y fue más variada. Estos resultados tienen una gran aplicabilidad, ya que pueden ser de utilidad para el establecimiento de un manejo integrado de plagas forestales.
Mecanismos de captura, colonización y alimentación empleados por parásitos y predadores de nematodos
Authors: Vera-Morales Marcos , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F. , Sosa Daynet , Quevedo Adela , Naranjo-Morán Jaime , Serrano Lizette , Ratti María F.
Published: September 2022

Mecanismos de captura, colonización y alimentación empleados por parásitos y predadores de nematodos. Los organismos del suelo tienen un papel fundamental en la estructura y ciclo de nutrientes en los ecosistemas; especialmente los nematodos que son abundantes y funcionalmente diversos. Debido a que algunos taxones de nematodos causan enfermedades a las plantas, la mayoría de los estudios tienen un enfoque agrícola, por tanto, es de relevancia ecológica conocer los diferentes grupos de organismos de suelo que los consumen o parasitan. El propósito de esta revisión es discutir sobre los mecanismos de captura, colonización o alimentación que ejercen los enemigos naturales de los nematodos, especialmente los predadores y parásitos, tales como bacterias, hongos, nematodos, microartrópodos y tardígrados. Algunas bacterias que se encuentran en la rizosfera sintetizan moléculas tóxicas que matan a los nematodos mientras que los hongos nematófagos pueden ser predadores, endoparásitos, parásitos de huevos, productores de toxinas y presentar dispositivos especiales para la captura de sus presas. Además, los nematodos predadores presentan tres mecanismos de alimentación: las especies del orden Mononchida cortan a sus presas o las consumen enteras, las del orden Diplogasterida cortan y succionan los contenidos y finalmente las de los ordenes Dorylaimida y Aphelenchida emplean un estilete para perforar y succionar. En el caso de los microartrópodos, los colémbolos emplean sus maxilares y los ácaros sus quelíceros para agarrar, triturar y masticar, mientras que los tardígrados pueden devorar nematodos enteros. Conocer las estrategias de los parásitos y predadores de nematodos complementa la investigación en patógenos de importancia agrícola y contribuye a la comprensión de la complejidad de las redes tróficas del suelo.
Effects of Calcium Carbide Used as a Fruit-Ripening Agent on Fruit Toxicity
Authors: Lawaly Maman Manzo
Published: September 2022

Aims: To provide a comprehensive summary of what has been published about the effects of calcium carbide (CaC2) as a fruit-ripening agent and to determine the necessity or not to develop awareness among government agencies, policymakers, farmers, vendors, and scientists in order to best address different aspects of artificial fruit ripening issues and to provide more profitable solutions for global health preservation.

Methodology: Scientific information about the effects of CaC2 published elsewhere was reviewed. Online databases of scientific journals which include Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, PubMed, CAS, CABI, AJOL and Google Scholar were used to select valuable studies.

Results: Most studies have reported the hazardous potential of CaC2 as a ripening agent. Among other potential effects that were discovered through laboratory investigations are the adulteration of nutritional values of ripened fruits and direct or indirect toxicity in studied living systems such as genotoxicity and cytotoxicity to dividing cells, increase of the cellular oxidative stress, disturbance of the redox balance of the cell, estrogenic disruptions, increase of the white blood cells and Lymphocytes, alteration of hematopoiesis, alteration of sperm cells, a decrease of the fertility rate, weakness of the immune system, etc.).

Conclusion: Overall, this review provides comprehensive information on what is known about the effects of CaC2 and showed the necessity to discourage its application as an artificial fruit ripening agent through the establishment of laws and regulations for better control of its use in most developing countries.
Catecholamine Induced Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Dalal Shrushti , Dalal Prateek
Published: September 2022

Aim: To describe a rare case of catecholamine induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.

Presentation of Case: Intermittent attacks of Ventricular fibrillation and syncope.

Summary: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a familial cardiac arrhythmia that is associated with ryanodine receptor gene (RYR2) or calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) gene mutation. It is a rare condition that occurs in patients with structurally normal heart and leads to exercise/emotion triggered syncope and cause fatal arrhythmias. We present the case of a 21- year old female patient who was diagnosed with this condition at the age of 10 years and continues to live a healthy life.

Conclusion: Patients with CPSVT require life-long beta-blockers and might need an implanted defibrator.
The Impact of a Monolingual on Spanish Language Code-Switching
Authors: Halsted Lily
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine whether Spanish code-switching occurs under laboratory-induced conditions among fluent bilinguals at higher levels compared to a nonintervention control condition.

Design and Methodology: Fifty-two Spanish bilinguals were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group and participated in a half-hour long face-to-face structured interview in Spanish. Half of the participant population was randomly assigned to the control group and the rest was assigned to the experimental group. The participants in the control group went through the interview without interruption and the number and timing of English code-switching instances were recorded during the interview. During the Spanish interview for the individuals in the experimental group, there was an interruption by a monolingual English experimenter halfway through the session. All instances of code-switching pre- and postinterruption were recorded and compared to the control group. At the conclusion of the Spanish interview, all participants completed an online 87-item questionnaire in English about their linguistic heritage and background.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, Queens University of Charlotte, January 2019 to February 2020.

Results: The bilinguals in the experimental group, postinterruption, code-switched significantly more than those in the control group. No significant differences in linguistic background or history were found between code-switchers and those who did not code-switch.

Conclusion: The experimentally designed social interruption during the Spanish interview in the experimental group increased the rate of code-switching among the participants while no such effect was found in the control group. This suggests that the observed code-switching was primarily due to the social interruption rather than any aspect of the interview session setup itself.
Status of Rural Entrepreneurs in Post Pandemic Situation: A Study in Selected Blocks in Nadia District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Anirban , Pal Biswajit
Published: September 2022

India is a rural-based country. The economic development of our country is largely dependent on the development of the rural sector. In rural areas, people are shifting their source of income from agriculture to entrepreneurship. According to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), the registration portal for entrepreneurs has registered more than 51% of rural entrepreneurs so far, but the rural entrepreneurs are deprived in many ways. They are facing different challenges due to not having proper educational qualifications, lack of skills, insufficient capital, lack of management skills, and various others.

The research paper asserted the present status of rural entrepreneurs after the pandemic. The aim of the research was to study the socio-economic profile, entrepreneurship profile, the impact of lockdown, and psychological factors associated with rural entrepreneurship. In this study, Ranaghat-II and Chakdaha Blocks of Nadia district in West Bengal were selected purposively. 15 rural entrepreneurs from each block were selected as samples and data were collected from 30 respondents by using a semi-structured interview schedule. Various aspects of business, their socio-economic condition, entrepreneur's profile, the impact of lockdown on their enterprises and psychological impact have been studied. It has been found that most of the rural entrepreneurs know about different govt facilities related to MSME and SIDBI but did not get any support from the govt schemes during the period of lockdown. A major section of the entrepreneurs (88 %) faced uncertainty in their livelihood and faced psychological problems due to different adverse entrepreneur situations that arose during the lockdown period. Rural entrepreneurship is still very much deprived. Despite having government schemes, they were not able to get that. They need more skill-based training, financial support and managerial assistance and also more women’s participation in this field will boost the rural economy as a whole.
Black‐and‐white thinking and conspiracy beliefs prevent parents from vaccinating their children against COVID‐19
Authors: Iannello Paola , Colautti Laura , Magenes Sara , Antonietti Alessandro , Cancer Alice
Published: September 2022

Understanding predictors of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children appears fundamental to promote vaccine acceptability, especially in a pandemic scenario. The present study aimed to investigate the role of conspiracy beliefs and absolutist thinking in parental attitude toward COVID‐19 vaccine, and the predictive role of parents' individual differences on decisions against children's vaccination. An online survey was administered to 415 parents of children aged 5–11, at the very beginning of the vaccination targeting this population in Italy. Results showed that absolutism predicted the tendency to believe in conspiracies, associated with a negative attitude toward the COVID‐19 vaccine administration to children. Moreover, mothers were less willing to vaccinate children and parents of children aged 5–7 were more hesitant, or even against vaccination, than parents of older children. Finally, the worry about consequences of COVID‐19 infection on children's health facilitated vaccine adherence. These findings contribute to deepening mechanisms regarding the vaccine acceptability.
Protease‐Sensitive, VEGF‐Mimetic Peptide, and IKVAV Laminin‐Derived Peptide Sequences within Elastin‐Like Recombinamer Scaffolds Provide Spatiotemporally Synchronized Guidance of Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis
Authors: González‐Pérez Fernando , Alonso Matilde , González de Torre Israel , Santos Mercedes , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos
Published: September 2022

Spatiotemporal control of vascularization and innervation is a desired hallmark in advanced tissue regeneration. For this purpose, we design a 3D model scaffold, based on elastin‐like recombinamer (ELR) hydrogels. This contains two interior and well‐defined areas, small cylinders, with differentiated bioactivities with respect to the bulk. Both are constructed on a protease sensitive ELR with a fast‐proteolyzed domain, but one bears a VEGF‐mimetic peptide (QK) and the other a laminin‐derived pentapeptide (IKVAV), to promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis, respectively. The outer bulk is based on a slow proteolytic sequence and RGD cell adhesion domains. In vitro studies show the effect of QK and IKVAV peptides on the promotion of endothelial cell and axon spreading, respectively. The subcutaneous implantation of the final 3D scaffold demonstrates the ability to spatiotemporally control angiogenesis and neurogenesis in vivo. Specifically, the inner small cylinder containing the QK peptide promotes fast endothelialization, whereas the one with IKVAV peptide promotes fast neurogenesis. Both, vascularization and innervation take place in advance of the bulk scaffold infiltration. This scaffold shows that it is possible to induce vascularization and innervation in predetermined areas of the scaffold well ahead to the bulk infiltration. That significantly increases the efficiency of the regenerative activity.
A Versatile Approach to Create Nanobubbles on Arbitrary Two‐Dimensional Materials for Imaging Exciton Localization
Authors: Chen Yulong , Song Penghui , Wang Chen , Zhang Miao , Hu Kaiming , Tian Ziao , Su Weitao , Chu Paul K. , Zhang Wenming , Di Zengfeng
Published: September 2022

Strained 2D materials with lattice deformation have the optimal band structure, lattice vibration, and thermal conductivity and various methods have been proposed to introduce strain into 2D materials. However, the creation of localized strain in arbitrary 2D materials in predesigned areas is difficult and challenging. Herein, a versatile approach to creating on‐demand nanobubbles on five different 2D materials using a functional atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip is described. Strain‐induced redshifts are observed from the Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the 2D materials in the region with the nanobubble arrays. In addition, the localized exciton state is observed from the periphery of a steep WS2 nanobubble by high‐resolution nano‐photoluminescence and is supported by theoretical simulation. These results demonstrate a programmable and reliable method to create localized strain in different 2D materials and pave the way for nanoscale strain engineering of 2D materials to cater to different applications.
Brønsted Acid Promoted Sulfenylacyloxylation of Alkynes: Access to 4‐Sulfenylisocoumarins
Authors: Saha Arijit , Ramesh E. , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: September 2022

Presented herein is the Brønsted acid (MsOH) mediated electrophilic sulfenylacyloxylation of o‐alkynylbenzoates via alkyne activation by in‐situ formed sulfonium cations from bench‐stable N‐thioaryl/alkyl‐succinimides followed by the intramolecular regioselective cyclization. The transformation provides access to structurally diverse 4‐sulfenylisocoumarins in 77–98% yields with broad functional group compatibility. The reaction scalability and reusability of phthalimide protecting group make this protocol synthetically viable.

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Genome‐wide characterization of the terpene synthase gene family in Ricinus communis and its transcriptional regulation under heat stress
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Jonhenes , Gomes Neto Valdir , Bruno Loureiro Marta , Ribeiro Paulo Roberto
Published: September 2022

Terpene synthase (TPS) genes are responsible for producing highly specialized metabolites that assist in the plant's response to biotic and abiotic stresses, ecological signaling, and the regulation of homeostasis. Ricinus communis L. is an important oilseed crop that can grow in harsh environments and still display good yield. Thus, we aimed at characterizing the TPS gene family in R. communis and its transcriptional regulation under heat stress. For that, bioinformatics and transcriptomics were used to characterize the R. communis TPS (RcTPS) family and to pinpoint potential candidate genes for further genomics studies focused on stress‐related agronomic problems. The R. communis genome possesses 46 TPS genes that were characterized by extensive bioinformatics, including phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization, exon and intron distribution, and transcriptional regulatory regions. All 46 genes contained C‐ and N‐terminal Pfam domains (PF01397 and PF03936) characteristics of the TPS enzymes. These genes also showed the conserved motifs DDXXD, DXDD, NSE/DTE, and RRX8W. The TPS sequences were aligned with several model plant species, and the presence of the canonical motif DDXXD amongst them indicates that TPS genes were highly conserved during plant evolution. Transcriptomics indicated that 37 RcTPS genes are readily responsive to high‐temperature stress because they showed higher expression levels in seedlings growing at 35 °C compared with those growing at 20 and 25 °C. Altogether, TPS genes are potential candidates for genome editing techniques to develop abiotic stress‐tolerant crops.
Cryptic species diversity in a widespread neotropical tree genus: The case ofCedrela odorata
Authors: Finch Kristen N. , Jones F. Andrew , Cronn Richard C.
Published: September 2022

Premise

Reconciling the use of taxonomy to partition morphological variation and describe genetic divergence within and among closely related species is a persistent challenge in phylogenetics. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships amongCedrela odorata(Meliaceae) and five closely allied species to test the genetic basis for the current model of species delimitation in this economically valuable and threatened genus.

Methods

We prepared a nuclear species tree with the program SNPhylo and 16,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from 168Cedrelaspecimens. Based on clades present and ancestral patterns ADMIXTURE, we designed nine species delimitation models and compared each model to current taxonomy with Bayes factor delimitation. Timing of major lineage divergences was estimated with the program SNAPP.

Results

The resulting analysis revealed that modernC. odorataevolved from two genetically distinct ancestral sources. All species delimitation models tested better fit the data than the model representing current taxonomic delimitation. Models with the greatest marginal likelihoods separated MesoamericanC. odorataand South AmericanC. odoratainto two species and lumpedC. angustifoliaandC. montanaas a single species. We estimated thatCedreladiversified in South America within the last 19 million years following one or more dispersal events from Mesoamerican lineages.

Conclusions

Our analyses show that the present taxonomic understanding within the genus obscures divergent lineages inC. odoratadue in part to morphological differentiation and taxonomic distinctions that are not predictably associated with genetic divergence. A more accurate application of taxonomy toC. odorataand related species may aid in its conservation, management, and restoration efforts.
Recent Advances in N‐Hyrdoxypthalimide: As a Free Radical Initiator and its Applications
Authors: Bhardwaj Monika , Grover Parul , Rasool Bisma , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: September 2022

N‐Hydroxypthalimide (NHPI) has become a powerful and versatile organocatalyst, it has been known to catalyze various free‐radical processes leading to the wide range of organic transformations. Primarily, phthalimido‐N‐oxyl (PINO) radical formed from NHPI is highly efficient abstraction species for carrying out radical chain reactions. In this review, we have discussed about the most important and successful reactions from last six years, with their plausible reaction mechanisms. This review broadly covers the type of bond formation such as carbon‐carbon, carbon‐oxygen and carbon‐nitrogen bond formations. We have also highlighted various types of reaction strategies where in combination with divergent reagent systems it helps to construct different types of molecules which further find applications in the synthesis of complex set of biologically active molecule. NHPI catalyzed oxidation reactions of different class of organic compounds are also reviewed.
Divergent Auto‐oxidative Alkylation and Alkanoacylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Li Yuan , Fu Zitong , Shen Yawei , Zhu Jie , Luo Kai , Wu Lei
Published: September 2022

Auto‐oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes generates alkyl radicals and alkanoyl radicals, which can be intercepted to generate carbon‐carbon bonds. However, the highly reactive and unstable radical intermediates make the controlling selectivity alkylation and alkanoacylation especially challenging. Herein, we report a sustainable and controllable protocol for the auto‐oxidative alkylation and alkanoacylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with good reactivity and selectivity. This protocol was presented in a green and sustainable manner, using oxygen as the only oxidant, avoiding the use of catalysts and explosive oxidants. It offers a new paradigm for a convenient, green synthesis of alkyl and alkanoyl compounds from abundant aliphatic aldehydes.
Characterization of SHARPIN knockout Syrian hamsters developed using CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Miao Jinxin , Lan Tianfeng , Guo Haoran , Wang Jianyao , Zhang Guangtao , Wang Zheng , Yang Panpan , Li Haoze , Zhang Chunyang , Wang Yaohe , Li Xiu‐Min , Miao Mingsan
Published: September 2022

Background

SHARPIN (SHANK‐associated RH domain interactor) is a component of the linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF‐κB signaling pathway. To better understand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel genetically engineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Methods

A single‐guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designed and constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatal mutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detected using Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymic weights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathological examination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performed independently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokines was evaluated using reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

All the offspring harbored germline‐transmitted SHARPIN mutations. Compared with wild‐type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN−/− hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted in SHARPIN−/− hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophil infiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagi were obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless, the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4, and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. The expression of NF‐κB and phosphorylation of NF‐κB and IκB protein significantly diminished in SHARPIN−/− animals.

Conclusions

A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs and eosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPIN function and chronic inflammation.
Engineering Transport Properties in Interconnected Enargite‐Stannite Type Cu2+xMn1−xGeS4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Pavan Kumar V. , Passuti S. , Zhang B. , Fujii S. , Yoshizawa K. , Boullay P. , Le Tonquesse S. , Prestipino C. , Raveau B. , Lemoine P. , Paecklar A. , Barrier N. , Zhou X. , Yoshiya M. , Suekuni K. , Guilmeau E.
Published: September 2022

Understanding the mechanisms that connect heat and electron transport with crystal structures and defect chemistry is fundamental to develop materials with thermoelectric properties. In this work, we synthesized a series of self‐doped compounds Cu2+xMn1−xGeS4 through Cu for Mn substitution. Using a combination of powder X‐ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and precession‐assisted electron diffraction tomography, we evidence that the materials are composed of interconnected enargite‐ and stannite‐type structures, via the formation of nanodomains with a high density of coherent interfaces. By combining experiments with ab initio electron and phonon calculations, we discuss the structure–thermoelectric properties relationships and clarify the interesting crystal chemistry in this system. We demonstrate that excess Cu+ substituted for Mn2+ dopes holes into the top of the valence band, leading to a remarkable enhancement of the power factor and figure of merit ZT.
Bottom‐Up Preparation of Twisted Graphene Nanoribbons by Cu‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Coupling
Authors: Gao Yuan , Hua Xinqiang , Jiang Wei , Sun Chun‐Lin , Yuan Chengshan , Liu Zitong , Zhang Hao‐Li , Shao Xiangfeng
Published: September 2022

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising in organic optoelectronic materials, and their properties largely depend on the size, edge, and conformation. Herein, the fully armchair‐edged GNRs (AGNRs) with lengths up to 2.65 nm by using a Cu‐catalyzed deoxygenative coupling as a key step. The resulting AGNRs (2HBT, 3HBT, and 4HBT) possess highly twisted π‐scaffolds, and the torsion angles between the adjacent triphenylene moieties are larger than 32°, as proved by crystallographic analyses. Theoretical and spectroscopic studies show that the butoxy groups endow AGNRs with electron‐rich features, the extension of the π‐system from 2HBT to 4HBT reinforces S0→S1 excitation, and the distortion of the π‐scaffold enhances the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF). In particular, 4HBT has the lowest oxidation potential (Eox1=0.55 V vs. SCE) and displays red fluorescence with a ΦF value of 81 %.
Vom inerten zum katalytisch aktiven Mahlmedium: Galvanostatische Beschichtung für direkte Mechanokatalyse
Authors: Wohlgemuth Maximilian , Mayer Maike , Rappen Marisol , Schmidt Fabian , Saure Roman , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: September 2022

Die inerten Mahlkugeln, die üblicherweise bei mechanochemischen Reaktionen verwendet werden, wurden mit Pd beschichtet und als Katalysator in der direkten mechanokatalytischen Suzuki‐Reaktion eingesetzt. Mit hohen Ausbeuten (>80 %) können die Mahlkugeln in Abwesenheit von Lösungsmitteln, Liganden, Katalysatormolekülen und ‐pulvern mehrfach recycelt werden, wobei nur 0,8 mg Pd pro beschichteter Mahlkugel benötigt werden. Neben der Beschichtungsreihenfolge, wurde zudem das Trägermaterial und die Schichtdicke untersucht, um eine hohe Katalysatorretention, einen geringen Abrieb und einen hohen Umsatz zu erzielen. Der Ansatz wurde auf die Beschichtung von Mahlbechern übertragen, um das Zusammenspiel von katalytisch verfügbarer Oberfläche und mechanischer Energieeinwirkung bei der direkten Mechanokatalyse aufzuzeigen.
2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridine‐Derived Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Confined Catalytic Esterification
Authors: Meng Fancheng , Bi Shuai , Sun Zuobang , Wu Dongqing , Zhang Fan
Published: September 2022

Knoevenagel condensation is a powerful tool for the construction of vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks. Herein, we established a concise approach to vinylene‐linked COFs by Knoevenagel condensation at the multi‐methyl groups of a pyridine ring through in situ formation of an N‐acyl pyridinium cation in the presence of various acylating reagents. Following this strategy, two vinylene‐linked COFs were constructed using 2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine and multi‐aldehyde‐substituted aromatic derivatives as monomers. The resultant COFs are highly crystalline and assembled into hexagonal lattices with specific surface areas as large as 1915 m2 g−1 (vs. 1972 m2 g−1 of the theoretical value). The stable and abundant pyridine‐decorated regular nanochannels within the COFs allow for catalyzing the esterification of several pharmaceutical intermediates with distinct spatially confined selectivity and recyclability, representing an environmentally friendly catalytic organic transformation.
A Pyridine‐StabilizedN‐PhosphinoamidinatoN‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Diboravinyl Cation: Boron Analogue of Vinyl Cation
Authors: Fan Jun , Chia Pei‐Ting , Zhang Zheng‐Feng , Yang Ming‐Chung , Su Ming‐Der , So Cheuk‐Wai
Published: September 2022

A boron analogue of vinyl cation, pyridine‐stabilizedN‐phosphinoamidinatoN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐diboravinyl cation2+, was synthesized by displacement of bromide in diborene1with excess pyridine. Experimental and computational studies showed that the positive charge is mainly at the B−B skeleton with delocalization to the pyridine ligand. One of the main modes of reactivity is through the B=B double bond alongside activation of the pyridine substituent, where the Bpyridinecenter is the predominant nucleophilic center and the predominant electrophilic center is either the activated pyridine para position or the BNHCcenter, illustrating the presence of diborene cationA, borylene‐borenium cationBand diborene‐pyridinium cationCresonance structures in cation2+.
A facile method for synthesis of novel phenyl phosphates flame retardants and their application in epoxy resin
Authors: Guo Yong , Rong Hu , Yu Yuan , Chen Tingting , Chen Zhongwei , Suo Yifan , Zhang Qingwu , Li Changxin , Jiang Juncheng
Published: September 2022

Piperazinyl phenyl phosphate (PPOP) and 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethyl phenyl phosphate (DPOA) containing phosphorus and nitrogen elements as flame retardants applied for epoxy resin (EP) were successfully synthesized, and substantiated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis (EA). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the EP composites with 3 wt% of PPOP and DPOA attained 33.6% and 34.2%, both acquired the UL‐94 V‐0 rating, respectively. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR) and the total smoke production (TSP) of EP/PPOP‐1 decreased by 21.0%, 25.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. For EP/DPOA‐1, the pHRR, THR, and TSP were brought down by 23.5%, 21.8%, and 26.4%, respectively. Flame‐retardant mechanisms were explicitly evaluated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis‐infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR). This proposed method not only could produce efficient flame retardant for EP but provide new ideas for replacing existing halogenated flame retardants.
The tracts, cytoarchitecture, and neurochemistry of the spinal cord
Authors: Tan Sheryl , Faull Richard L. M. , Curtis Maurice A.
Published: September 2022

The human spinal cord can be described using a range of nomenclatures with each providing insight into its structure and function. Here we have comprehensively reviewed the key literature detailing the general structure, configuration of tracts, the cytoarchitecture of Rexed's laminae, and the neurochemistry at the spinal segmental level. The purpose of this review is to detail current anatomical understanding of how the spinal cord is structured and to aid researchers in identifying gaps in the literature that need to be studied to improve our knowledge of the spinal cord which in turn will improve the potential of therapeutic intervention for disorders of the spinal cord.