bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Microwaves in Medicine and Biology
Authors: Vrba David , Vrba Jan , Fiser Ondrej , Cumana Jesus , Babak Milan , Vrba Senior Jan
Published: July 2022

This chapter deals with the description of recent research activities oriented on the perspective of microwave technologies in medicine and biology. It brings new ideas about the possibilities of using microwaves in thermotherapy—above all toward hyperthermia in cancer treatment. Development of new types of hyperthermia applicators (based, e.g., on technologies such as metamaterials, evanescent modes in waveguides, and other types of transmission structures) will be discussed here. Furthermore, we would like to underline in this chapter perspectives of microwaves in medical diagnostics. It is possible to expect that, e.g., microwave differential tomography, UWB radar, and microwave radiometers (all three can be used both for medical diagnostic and for noninvasive temperature measurement) will soon play an important role in it. Finally, experimental equipment necessary for research on the biological effects of EM fields is presented.
Antennas for 5G and 6G Communications
Authors: Iffat Naqvi Syeda , Hussain Niamat
Published: July 2022

An antenna is of substantial importance for a communication system as the design of an air interface is mainly reliant on the antenna design. With the significant wireless evolution from 1G to 6G, technologies and network capacities are also evolving to fulfill the promptly growing customer demands. These continually increasing demands have gone concurrently with extensive technological accomplishments of the antenna design community. This chapter discusses the sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) fifth-generation (5G) antennas, including antenna arrays, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology, beam-steering techniques, metasurfaces, and other techniques to achieve the current and impending fast connectivity. Moreover, the design specifications, research directions, various technologies expected to be involved, and challenges in the design, fabrication, and measurement of the sixth-generation (6G) antennas at the THz band have also been presented. In addition, antenna-in-package (AiP) and antenna-on-chip (AoC) technologies with proper technology solutions have also been discussed.
Canine Hearing Management
Authors: M. Skip Scheifele Peter , Marshall Devan , Lee Stephen , Reid Paul , McCreery Thomas , Byrne David
Published: July 2022

The United States military employs multipurpose canines as force multipliers. A newly developed baseline audiology program applicable to noise effects on the hearing threshold for these dogs has just been developed by the University of Cincinnati FETCHLAB using brainstem auditory evoked potentials to detect estimated threshold shifts in this population. Dogs that are routinely deployed are subject to consistent exposure to noise in the field. Few investigations have focused on the effects of transport noise on the auditory system in multipurpose dogs. The consequence of these dogs having a significant hearing threshold shift is a failure of the dog to properly respond to voice commands and to miss critical acoustic cues while on target. This chapter specifically discusses the baseline protocol for audiological testing of special operations’ multipurpose canines related to helicopter transport.
A Cultural Approach in the Synchronous Class in English Teaching and Learning
Authors: Vito Quevedo Arnaiz Ned , García Arias Nemis , Pablo Cañizares Galarza Fredy
Published: July 2022

If culture is defined as a way of training to obtain knowledge through educational channels, the concept is associated with educability. Therefore, teaching cognitive, attitudinal, and procedural knowledge directly indicates teaching and learning culture to acquire norms and patterns of sociocultural behavior. The purpose of this study was: to debate about the way interaction among students and teachers in synchronous classes based on life’s materials, topics, and methods, and critical or reflective thinking can be adapted by the teacher to the students’ closest environment to communicate in English as an international language. If a language is taught, spoken, and learned in the country, culture surrounding the context is taught. If this language is not spoken in the place, the knowledge system also transmits norms and values, different from those of the language. So, the students get, culturally and socially, modes of action, principles, and knowledge through international language learning. Thus, teaching and learning English as an international language means the way possible interaction has opportunities for every student’s growth and the way their personality formation gets integral results. English taught and learned as an international language denotes reaching the students’ world and needs to communicate in English as a meaningful international language.
The Impact of Heavy Metals on the Chicken Gut Microbiota and Their Health and Diseases
Authors: Acheampong Selina
Published: July 2022

It is important to consider the health and well-being of birds in various production methods. The microbial makeup and function of a bird’s gastrointestinal (GIT) system may vary based on the bird’s food, breed, age, and other environmental conditions. Gut flora play a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Environmental exposure to contaminants such as heavy metals (HMs) has been linked to a wide range of disorders, including the development of dysbiosis in the gut, according to many studies. Changes in the gut microbiota caused by HMs are a major factor in the onset and progression of these illnesses. The microbiota in the gut is thought to be the first line of defense against HMs. Thus, HMs exposure modifies the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profile, affecting HMs uptake and metabolism by altering pH, oxidative balance, and concentrations of detoxifying enzymes or proteins involved in HM metabolism. This chapter will focus on the exposure of chicken to HMs from their feed or water and how these HMs affect the immune system resulting in various diseases.
Tracking Trends for Offshore Wind Energy Industries and Infrastructures in the South Korea: Focused on the Jeonnam Shinan 8.2GW and Ulsan 6GW Offshore Wind Farm Projects
Authors: Hwa Ryu Geon , Ye Park Ji , Reum Lee Ah , Gon Kim Young , Joo Moon Chae
Published: July 2022

With the international trend of promoting eco-friendly renewable energy for carbon neutrality and the Paris Agreement, South Korea is focusing its national energy mix on renewable energy. Especially, offshore wind energy will be expanded a total power capacity of 12 GW by 2030, which is expected to become South Korea’s most important energy source and industrial dynamic force in the future. With the support of the Korean government, many domestic and foreign developers are taking the lead in developing fixed/floating offshore wind energy projects and O&M technology. Through this chapter, we would like to introduce the current status of offshore wind energy in the South Korea, support policies, infrastructure, and issues up to the first quarter of 2022.
Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Magdalena Dumitru Irina
Published: July 2022

Vaccination against COVID-19 was one of the most important discoveries in the fight against the pandemic and saved millions of lives. As with any vaccine, side effects have been reported, but the benefit of vaccination is much more important and should be considered. The most common side effects are mild to moderate, especially at the injection site, as well as self-limiting; non–life-threatening systemic reactions and severe reactions after vaccination are rare. In this chapter, the author will describe all types of side effects related to COVID-19 vaccines, information obtained from Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Centre for Disease Control Prevention (CDC), cdc.gov database, and Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).
Cellular Cytotoxicity and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: M.L. Willson Annie , A. Jordan Margaret
Published: July 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which discrete central nervous system lesions result from perivascular immune cell infiltration associated with damage to myelin (demyelination), oligodendrocytes and neurons. This culminates in debilitating neurological symptoms, primarily affecting women in their child-bearing years. Both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system have been implicated in disease initiation and progression, and although the underlying cause remains elusive, there is compelling evidence for a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, leading to inflammation and neurodegeneration. Both direct cellular toxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) involving several cell types have been identified in playing major roles. These cells and their interactions in the pathogenesis of MS will be discussed.
Role of Sociodemographic and Economic Variables in Predisposition to Vaso-Occlusive Crisis and Mortality in Patients with SCD: Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Erhabor Osaro , Charles Adias Teddy , Erhabor Tosan , Mgbere Osaro , Usman Sadiya , Nonye Egenti Bibiana
Published: July 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health challenge. It is a common cause of acute and chronic illness and death, which results from a single amino acid substitution (glutamic acid to valine) at position 6 of the beta (β) chain of the hemoglobin molecule. The pathophysiology is based on the polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (HbS) and production of irreversibly sickled red cells and vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). The disease is associated with recurrent episodes of acute pain and organ damage. This chapter highlights the role of SES on the predisposition to VOC and mortality among SCD patients. Findings from this review will enable the development and implementation of policies that can facilitate the effective management of SCD in the region. More awareness and education of parents of children and adults living with SCD are needed to identify factors that predispose patients to VOC and common-sense measures to prevent these triggers. SCD patients should be protected against malaria. The need for nutritional intervention, proper hydration, avoidance of dietary intake of sodium, strenuous physical activity, and extreme weather to reduce the incidence of VOC cannot be overemphasized. Protective immunization and access to effective prophylactic and therapeutic agents should be implemented.
Neurological Effects of COVID-19 and Its Treatment/Management
Authors: Teibo John , Olagunju Abolaji , Atiba Festus , Omotoso Olabode , Teibo Titilade , Babalghith Ahmad , Batiha Gaber
Published: July 2022

The impact of COVID-19 is significant in the body system, one of which is the central nervous system (CNS) involved in controlling all aspects of human behavior and coordination. This shows the need to assess from various studies in human and animal models the neurological effects of this virus. Some of the reported effects include loss of taste and smell, headaches, delirium, dizziness, ischemic stroke, and brain inflammation. It is essential to review the acute, chronic or transient neurological effects. This will enhance and/or improve treatment designs and management modalities for the COVID-19. We critically revise the literature and contribute to the body of knowledge in this line of research. Here in this chapter, we highlighted the various neurological disorders caused by COVID-19 and examined the relationship between the neurological systems and COVID-19. As well as evaluate current treatment/management modalities including vaccines and prospects for the future.
Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research
Authors: Osada Hiroaki , Murata Kozue , Masumoto Hidetoshi
Published: July 2022

Studies of not only preclinical cardiovascular research but also those of life science, medical, and pharmacological fields commonly utilize small animal models. However, for the advancement of cardiovascular medicine, researches using large animal models are important step for preclinical validation of therapeutic efficacy and safety by virtue of having models with a body and heart size comparable with that of a human, providing clinically relevant experiments without the concern of over- or under-estimating therapeutic effects and risks. In particular, pigs are considered as a suitable animal model for research in cardiovascular medicine because of the similarities in physiology, metabolism, genomics, and proteomics to those in humans. Another advantage of pigs is the availability of various heart disease models such as myocardial infarction and genetically established cardiomyopathy. The present review updates the contributions of large animal model-based research to the development of cardiovascular medicine, especially focusing on the utility of pig models.
Changes in Brain Metabolism Induced by Metabolic Challenges and Their Beneficial Roles for Brain Aging
Authors: Carvallo Claudia
Published: July 2022

Life expectancy has been increasing globally along with the risk of developing Alzheimer’s or other dementias. Diets high in saturated fats, refined sugars and a sedentary lifestyle are determining factors in the development of a metabolic syndrome. These factors induce energy imbalance and dysfunctional brain metabolism, hence increasing the risk of cognitive impairment and/or dementia. A cohort study with mild cognitive impairment found that it was found that the presence of three or more components of a metabolic syndrome increased the risk of Alzheimer’s. On the other hand, hyperglycemia induces glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons, β-amyloid accumulation, tau phosphorylation and oxidative stress. The present chapter will cover the dysregulation of brain metabolism during physiological and pathological aging, and how metabolic challenges such fasting, caloric restriction and ketogenic diet reverts many of the deleterious effects of brain aging, favoring energy balance and cognitive function.
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy for Screening or Surveillance: Complication Avoidance and a Closer Look at the Esophagus
Authors: Ko Jihwan
Published: July 2022

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most important test used to diagnose esophageal disease. Proper insertion of the endoscope is essential for accurate examination of the esophagus. However, due to coughing or the gag reflex, esophageal examinations can be difficult. Further, when a central ridge is present in the middle of the pyriform sinus, careful approach is necessary. Chromoendoscopy of the esophagus includes acetic acid chromoendoscopy for Barrett’s esophagus and lugol’s iodine chromoendoscopy for squamous cell carcinoma. In recent times, electronic chromoendoscopy is widely used. In this chapter, diagnosis and treatment of various esophageal diseases including esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, diverticulum, inlet patch, hiatal hernia, polyps, subepithelial lesions, and varix are discussed.
Nutritional and Antioxidant Values of the Black Plum (Vitex doniana)
Authors: Fatou Traore Koba , Youssouf Kone Kisselmina , Pascal Ahi Amédée , Soro Doudjo , Emmanuel Assidjo Nogbou , Sindic Marianne
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to first determine the nutritional potential and the antioxidant activity of black plum fruit pulp and peel. For these characterizations, classic methods were used. The results indicated high fibre and ash contents of black plum from all localities studied, ranging, respectively, from 34.79 ± 0.07–39.83 ± 1.85% and 4.91 ± 0.45–5.91 ± 0.41% for pulp, and 46.38 ± 0.09–50.21 ± 1.07% and 4.16 ± 0.81–4.28 ± 0.20% for peel. The mineral analysis revealed that Black plum pulp and peel are high in potassium (1863.00 ± 1.4–2584.55 ± 3.54 mg/100 g dry weight [DW]) and calcium (355.30 ± 2.52–389.52 ± 3.54 mg/100 g DW). Both the peel and pulp are characterised by a good essential amino acids profile of the protein. The total polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents of pulp and peel ranged from 202.51 ± 4.19 to 463.45 ± 6.85 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of Dry Weight (DW), 75.71 ± 1.03 to 145.55 ± 1.03 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g DW, and from 1.91 ± 0.08 to 8.28 ± 0.83 mg cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside equivalent (C3GE)/100 g DW respectively. Thus, these fruits constitute a good source of important nutrients for health.
Evaluation of Ventilation Methods and Cardiorespiratory Outcomes in Children with Foreign Body Aspiration Undergoing Rigid Bronchoscopy Within 2008 - 2019
Authors: Parvizi Arman , Haddadi Soudabeh , Babaei Mohammad , Nemati Shadman , Kazemnejad Ehsan
Published: July 2022

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common accident with life-threatening outcomes. Rigid bronchoscopy is considered an effective tool in the diagnosis and treatment of this complication; however, there is still no agreement on the preferred ventilation method for the treatment of patients with foreign body aspiration. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes followed by ventilation methods in patients with foreign body aspiration undergoing rigid bronchoscopy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the information was recorded from 90 patients’ files, including age, gender, aspirated foreign body, interval from aspiration to referral, signs, and symptoms, comorbidity, bronchoscopic results, ventilation method during the procedure, occurrence of respiratory complications, heart rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, length of hospital stay, and mortality of patients. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 90 reviewed cases, 57.67% were male, and the mean age was 2.06 ± 1.25 years. The most common aspirated foreign body was peanuts (38.89%). The most common clinical signs were cough (81.11%) and wheezing (51.11%). The most common symptoms were wheezing (54.44%) and decreasing respiratory sounds (46.67%). Bronchoscopy was associated with foreign body extraction in 65.6% of the patients. The relationship between the ventilation method with blood pressure changes, length of hospital stay, cardiopulmonary complications, and oxygen saturation was not significant; however, the cases with spontaneous breathing referred at shorter intervals from aspiration and experienced fewer heart rate changes. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed no preference between spontaneous and controlled ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy in patients with foreign body aspiration.
K ukotvení Aarhuské úmluvy v českém právu s důrazem na její I. pilíř
Authors: Hak Jan
Published: July 2022

Předkládaný článek se soustředí na otázku možné přímé aplikace I. pilíře Aarhuské úmluvy. Poukazuje nejprve na postavení Aarhuské úmluvy jako tzv. vnější smlouvy, která je současně pramenem mezinárodního práva, jakož i práva Evropské unie, pak se zabývá jednotlivými kritérii, která je třeba splnit, aby měla obecně mezinárodní smlouva v unijním právu přímý účinek. Následně autor uplatňuje tato kritéria na Aarhuskou úmluvu, zohledňujíc dosavadní judikaturu Soudního dvora Evropské unie v rámci III. pilíře této úmluvy. Přechází k testování jednotlivých norem v rámci jejího prvního pilíře a zjišťuje, zda by mohly touto vlastností disponovat. Konečně s ohledem na I. pilíř této úmluvy řeší, kdy by se jeho přímý účinek mohl uplatnit v případě souběžné existence sekundárního unijního práva v této oblasti a jaké to má důsledky pro aplikační praxi v České republice.
Mimoprávní vlivy na rozhodování soudů perspektivou psychologie
Authors: Palíšek Petr
Published: July 2022

Empirický výzkum soudního rozhodování čelí řadě překážek, a to zejména v tuzemském prostředí. Je proto vynikajícím krokem vpřed, vznikne-li publikace jako Mimoprávní vlivy na rozhodování českého Ústavního soudu. Ocenění si zaslouží nejen svým záměrem, ale i provedením. Příští výzkumy by však mohly více zaujmout psychologickou perspektivu, například uvažováním o heuristikách, kognitivním uzavření nebo kognitivních stylech. Realizace takového výzkumného záměru je však možná jen v případě, že se soudkyně rozhodnou na studiích participovat. Cílem článku je tedy také apelovat na respondenty z řad soudců a představit psychologický výzkum jejich rozhodování jako disciplínu založenou na respektu k participantům a rovné spolupráci.
Soudničky a jejich vliv na vnímání práva
Authors: Glogar Ondřej
Published: July 2022

V prvorepublikových novinách přitahovala zraky mnoha čtenářů rubrika obvykle nazvaná jako Soudní síň. Tyto sloupky obsahovaly různé příběhy na pomezí publicistického a uměleckého stylu čerpající náměty z reálných soudobých soudních řízení – tzv. soudničky. Tento článek se zaobírá popsaným žánrem a tím, jaký obraz práva soudničky podávaly a jak mohly působit na vnímání práva ve společnosti. Vzhledem k značné popularitě a určité masovosti daného žánru jej lze proto považovat za součást právní popkultury. Na základě tohoto spojení pak článek dospívá k závěru, že soudničky mají významný potenciál působit na vnímání práva ve společnosti. Avšak spíše než jako rozšiřování znalostní složky právního vědomí působí jako impuls k prohlubování „zájmu“ o právo. Na závěr textu je též zdůrazněn kultivační faktor četby soudniček i pro současné právníky.
Dozor prokuratúry SR nad dodržiavaním zákonnosti orgánmi verejnej správy: nežiaduci relikt socialistickej minulosti?
Authors: Šramel Bystrík
Published: July 2022

Autor sa vo svojom príspevku zaoberá problematikou dozoru prokuratúry nad dodržiavaním zákonnosti orgánmi verejnej správy. Ide o tému, ktorá je v Slovenskej republike dlhodobo predmetom početných diskusií, a to predovšetkým v kontexte zachovania tohto právneho nástroja, príp. jeho úplnej eliminácie. Autor sa v prvej časti príspevku zameriava na objasnenie pojmu „prokurátorský dozor“ vo všeobecnosti, na jeho povahu a klasifikáciu v slovenskom právnom prostredí. Následne autor objasňuje historické pozadie vzniku a vývoja inštitútu dozoru prokuratúry vo verejnej správe, analyzuje jeho premeny v čase a upriamuje pozornosť na jeho súvislosti s inými právnymi inštitútmi. Autor v príspevku tiež poukazuje na niektoré problematické prvky a snaží sa sformulovať vlastný právny názor týkajúci sa relevancie a opodstatnenosti existencie tohto právneho inštitútu v právnom poriadku Slovenskej republiky.
Universitaires « de l’Est » face au politique après 1989
Authors: Dimitrova Svetlana ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

The politicization of the intellectuals in the early 1990s now seems like a closed chapter in the history of the Eastern Bloc. Political life became more regulated before experiencing the entry of “unexpected” actors, labeled as “populists”. The academics’ political commitments, movements or believes have been interpreted as expression of “dissidence”, after 1989. The question of resistance, dissidence or opposition to the Soviet‑type socialist regimes caught the attention of many researchers. The social scientists became particularly interested in peripheral presentations and written productions, as intellectual alternatives to the official line (Samizdat, seminars or movements). Most of the studies insisted on the political repercussions of these actions, living little doubt on the inherent political sense they carried. Does this heritage, developed over the past three decades, shape the present relation to politics? This article aims to question the relationship that two generations of academics have with politics. Particular affiliations impacted the processes of political and academic transformations. The analysis, based on research carried out in Bulgaria, aims to shed light on the dynamics that cross the “post‑socialist” space and time.
Winds of Toponymic Change: Mapping Street Name Changes in Postsocialist Romania
Authors: Rusu Mihai Stelian ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the street name changes brought about in Romanian cities and towns during the period of postsocialist transformations. Based on a complete dataset comprising the entire urban street nomenclature existing prior to the regime change of 1989, the paper explores the geography of postsocialist toponymic change, as well as the latter’s temporal dynamic. Statistical analyses reveal major discrepancies in the scope of street name changes between Romania’s historical regions. The paper argues that one important factor that structures these regional variations is the ethnopolitics played out at the level of each locality. The analysis concludes by pointing out the instrumentality of street names as a powerful means of politicising the urban landscape, as well as their vulnerability, especially in the aftermath of significant political changes.
Gendered Dynamics of the Humanitarian Commitment for Children in the Postsocialist Context. A Case Study: France (initiator)‑ Romania (beneficiary) (1989‑2007)
Authors: Jinga Luciana ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

The paper explores the extent to which “gender”, as category of analysis, can be a useful tool in explaining the nature and the impact of humanitarian aid of western organizations towards children in Europe, between 1980 and 2007, using as case study the relation France (initiator)‑Romania (beneficiary). By Humanitarian aid I refer to the material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, as it evolved during the twentieth century and culminated with the emergence of a new, transnational humanitarianism, with permanent, professional actors.”. For this study gender is understood as social construction and the assignment of specific roles, responsibilities and expectations to women and to men in the social sector, which includes the policies regarding health, education and sanitation.
The Revolution Will Not Be Musealised. Remnants of the GDR’s ‘Peaceful Revolution’ in the Museum
Authors: Thaa Lotte ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

This paper offers a detailed reconstruction of an exhibition about the biggest protest rally of the GDR, which took place on November 4, 1989 in Berlin. Drawing from archival sources, as well as interviews, I will outline the exhibition’s design and the intentions of its creators. Subsequently, I will establish correlations with like‑minded, as well as antagonistic efforts to musealise the events later termed the “peaceful revolution”. Their comparison will allow some conclusions about the becoming of the dominant politics of memory today. By pointing to their gaps and blind spots, I want to advocate a more nuanced memory of this decisive period in German history.
German National Socialist Black Metal: Contemporary Neo‑Nazism and the Ongoing Struggle with Antisemitism
Authors: Ndoja Davjola ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

This paper is an exploration of the ideology of National Socialism in the work and activity of the German terrorist group and Black Metal band Absurd. Historians are divided—and many have criticized how postwar Germany dealt with denazification—, but the fact is that Nazi ideology has been part of the political and social spheres in Germany since then. Neo‑Nazism saw a revival especially in the first years after unification, which coincided with the beginning of Absurd’s story and career. Today, they hold the title of the National Socialist Black Metal act par excellence, with a 28‑year music career actively supporting and promoting Nazi ideology. Absurd makes a very interesting case study, since the band has played a key role in preserving and transmitting Nazi ideology, not just in Germany, but also worldwide.
Pop Memory. Clickbait and the Lives of the former Romanian Dictators Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu, 30 Years After
Authors: Báthory Dalia ,   Zeta Books
Published: July 2022

Studying the social memory of socialist regimes has generated extensive literature and numerous interpretations with regard to recollections of experiences of the socialist past. Amid such rich literature, this paper takes a novel approach, employing the concept of pop memory to explain the phenomenon of clickbait in the virtual press of Central and Eastern Europe. The media analysed focuses on the former dictators of Romania and was generally made available during 2019, 30 years after the bloody revolution of 1989. My aim is to demonstrate how, by drawing on former socialist propaganda, socialist leaders Elena and Nicolae Ceausescu are transformed in such media, from brutal leaders to pop characters. The results indicate Romanians’ strong “affective positioning” towards the socialist decades, connected to a practice of remembering of the socialist past, that has been previously disregarded, but which is relevant to understand people’s curiosities and the sources they use to replenish their need of information.
Should an Ontological Pluralist Be a Quantificational Pluralist?
Authors: Simmons Byron ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: July 2022

Ontological pluralism is the view that there are different fundamental ways of being. Recent defenders of this view—such as Kris McDaniel and Jason Turner—have taken these ways of being to be best captured by semantically primitive quantifier expressions ranging over different domains. They have thus endorsed, what I shall call, quantificational pluralism. I argue that this focus on quantification is a mistake. For, on this view, a quantificational structure—or a quantifier for short—will be whatever part or aspect of reality’s structure that a quantifier expression carves out and reflects. But if quantificational pluralism is true, then a quantifier should be more natural than its corresponding domain; and since it does not appear to be the case that a quantifier is more natural than its corresponding domain, quantificational pluralism does not appear to be true. Thus, I claim, an ontological pluralist should not be a quantificational pluralist.
O drama como proposta metodológica para contribuição crítica e social do educando
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Paraná/UNESPAR, campus de Curitiba II., Magalhães Gilmar , Rosseto Robson
Published: July 2022

Este artigo busca examinar a metodologia do Drama, fundamentado nos estudos de Beatriz Cabral, com vistas ao desenvolvimento do educando em sua formação crítica e social. Um processo dramático foi desenvolvido, com base na obra clássica Romeu e Julieta de William Shakespeare com uma turma de adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. A proposta utilizou especialmente duas estratégias do Drama para o envolvimento dos participantes: professor-personagem e estímulo composto. Ao longo da experiência, constatou-se a importância de o professor propor desafios e criar novos espaços criativos que propiciem o engajamento do educando, bem como o potencial pedagógico do Drama para a construção de um conhecimento crítico e reflexivo.
Razvoj slovenske medicinske periodične publicistike
Authors: Sket Dušan
Published: July 2022

Slovenska medicinska periodična publicistika se je začela z dogovorom med »Društvom zdravnikov na Kranjskem« in »Sborom liečnika kraljevina Hrvatske i Slavonije« leta 1909, da bodo slovenski zdravniki objavljali v reviji Liječnički vjesnik v slovenskem jeziku. Od leta 1909 do leta 1929, ko je začela izhajati slovenska revija Zdravniški vestnik, so slovenski zdravniki v Liječničkem vjesniku objavili 105 strokovnih člankov v slovenskem jeziku. Z izhajanjem nove slovenske revije se je objavljanje v Liječničkem vjesniku močno zmanjšalo. Liječnički vjesnik je bil pomemben katalizator razvoja slovenske medicinske besede in periodike.
Data Sprint Learning. Exercising Proximity to Data in Teaching Situations
Authors: Kocksch Laura , Ojala Mace , Kinder-Kurlanda Katharina
Published: July 2022

This paper reports on a data sprint conducted as part of a PhD course on digital methods and data critique at the University of Klagenfurt. We reflect on how our data sprint contributed to this higher educational setting, and point to ways in which the data sprint method can be developed further based on our experience. The paper discusses how the sprint fabricated a moment of “critical proximity” for students that were mainly working with qualitative social science methods. The data sprint allowed them to put their critique on “big data” into practice by working with selected sets of data from Twitter and Scopus. We reflect on our collective experience and draw conclusions on the use of data sprints in teaching. Data sprints encourage us to engage with feelings of being underwhelmed and overwhelmed by data that provoke our social science way of critique. Our data sprint tangibly demonstrates that data work is in fact “messy”: transgressing ideals of good data management, biased, ambiguous and open-ended. But instead of turning away from this “wildness”, we urge to make use of it in teaching settings. This wildness allows to step out of conventional modes of critique, and into modes of action. We conclude with a protocol as a practical guide for everyone who wants to introduce data sprints in their teaching.
“Hands On”: incorporación de data sprints y digital methods en la docencia de marketing digital
Authors: Coromina Rodríguez Òscar , Padilla Molina Adrián
Published: July 2022

Este artículo recopila la experiencia acumulada durante 9 años en el diseño y ejecución de data sprints en el marco del Máster en Comunicación y Marketing Digital de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Con más de 90 proyectos distintos a sus espaldas, estas jornadas han sido un punto de encuentro para profesionales, académicos y estudiantes, posibilitando el intercambio de conocimiento y la transferencia de técnicas entre métodos de investigación del ámbito académico con la investigación aplicada al marketing digital. Al mismo tiempo, el formato data sprint facilita el conocimiento práctico y la adquisición de competencias comunicativas, organizativas y el proceso de resolución de problemas. El artículo presenta tres ejemplos de proyectos realizados para ilustrar la actividad llevada a cabo y aborda su impacto a partir de un focus group realizado con varios participantes, para señalar los beneficios de la experiencia, así como su dificultad de aplicar el formato en el entorno profesional.
What are data sprints for?
Authors: Omena Janna Joceli , Cano-Orón Lorena , Gobbo Beatrice , Flores Ana Marta
Published: July 2022

The data sprint approach enables various objectives for the digital methods community, from fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to providing teaching-learning spaces regarding creative methods. However, data sprints’ purpose, advantages and concrete results are still little known across disciplines. Thus, this paper presents four facets pertaining to and deriving from data sprints to explain their prospects for different (non-) academic communities. First, we define the data sprint approach, providing a detailed description of what data sprints are and what they involve in practice and, in turn, propose guidance to facilitate the replicability of this work method. Second, we elucidate how data sprints are (1) a means of teaching and learning digital methods research, arguing that the data sprint environment is not only (2) a space for methods and tools creation but also (3) a reflective tool to understand the triad of data-, software- and platform-oriented research (from the standpoint of practice). Therefore, data sprints offer researchers situational ways to access and critique scientific knowledge production. Finally, we address a standard post-sprint procedure, which is the last facet: (4) the reutilisation of data sprint reports for producing scientific knowledge, through academic and non-academic publications, as an established research practice. The four facets unpack the data sprint approach for a broader audience whilst indicating the possible takeaways during and after such events. We conclude with reflections from and on data sprints.
A method of fast locating discrete interface based on phase information of complex master-slave optical coherence tomography
Authors: Qian Huang-He , Wang Di , Han Tao , Ding Zhi-Hua ,   State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and   Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Published: July 2022

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system has the advantages of non-invasive, non-contact, fast imaging and low cost. It has important applications in the measurement of discrete interface of optical lens. However, the interference spectrum collected by spectral domain OCT system inevitably encounters some problems such as the unequal interval spectrum sampling and chromatic dispersion between two interference arms. In order to ensure that the axial resolution and sensitivity of the system are not reduced, subsequent data processing steps such as spectrum resampling and dispersion compensation need adding, which greatly reduces the real-time performance of measurement. In addition, in the actual measurement process, the required imaging area is often only a small part of the whole imaging area, the calculation of the whole imaging area brings a certain waste of computing power and resources. Moreover, in the positioning of discrete interface, the existence of sub-pixel deviation under limited axial resolution limits the measurement accuracy of interface. To solve the above problems, in this work proposed is a method of fast locating discrete interfaces based on complex master slave (CMS) OCT phase information. By combining the phase information of spectral domain and depth domain, the reconstruction template of CMS-OCT is solved accurately, and the phase information of CMS-OCT is used to achieve high-precision optical path difference detection and discrete interface location. Finally, experiments with precise optical gauge and discrete interface of optical lens verify that the proposed method can maintain high resolution and stability while fast locating is implemented.
Neuronal growth and development promoted by low-intensity roadband terahertz radiation
Authors: Ma Shao-Qing , Gong Shi-Xiang , Zhang Wei , Lu Cheng-Biao , Li Xiao-Li , Li Ying-Wei ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China,   Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China,   Henan International Key Laboratory for Noninvasive Neuromodulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China,   State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Published: July 2022

Terahertz waves are located in the energy level range of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, and can directly couple with proteins to excite the nonlinear resonance effect of proteins. Therefore, terahertz wave can affect the conformation of proteins, the structure and function of neurons. Primary cerebral cortex neurons of SD rats are cultured in vitro. Neurons are radiated 3 days by THz wave with 0.3–3.0 THz in frequency and 100 μW in power; the growth and development indicators of neurons (Cell body area, total length of process) are recorded. At the end of a radiation programme, Western blotting is used to detect the protein expressions of GluA1, GluN1, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin 38 (SYP-38). After the first day of terahertz wave radiation, the cell area is increased by 144.9% (P < 0.05); on the second day and third day of terahertz wave radiation, the growth value of the total length of neuronal neurites are increased by 65.1% (P < 0.05) and 109.4% (P < 0.05), respectively. After the three-day terahertz wave irradiation, the protein expressions of GluA1 and SY-38 are increased by 38.1% (P < 0.05) and 19.2% (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition,some results show below. 1) The use of low-intensity broadband terahertz wave in this study will not cause the cortical neurons to die, and will not affect their regular growth. 2) Low-intensity broadband terahertz radiation can promote the growth of cortical neuron cell bodies and processes, but the effects on cortical neuron cell bodies and processes are different. This may be related to the developmental cycle of cultured cortical neurons in vitro, and there is a cumulative effect on the promotion of neuronal processes by low-intensity broadband terahertz. 3) The promotion of neuronal growth and development by low-intensity broadband terahertz wave radiation may be related to the proportion of AMPA receptor subtypes and the expression of presynaptic specific protein SY-38. These results herald a specific-frequency and specific-energy terahertz radiation can be developed into a novel neuromodulation technology for the treatment or intervention of diseases such as neurodevelopmental disorders.
Preparation of Al2O3 tunnel barrier layer in atome-level controlled Josephson junction
Authors: Li Zhong-Xiang , Wang Shu-Ya , Huang Zi-Qiang , Wang Chen , Mu Qing ,   National Supercomputing Center in Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China,   State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China,   School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China,   School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,   Manufacturing Innovation Center Company Ltd., Shanghai 200433, China
Published: July 2022

The AlOX tunnel barrier in Josephson junctions prepared by conventional thermal oxidation method is formed by diffusing high-purity oxygen into the surface of Al. But the tunnel barrier fabricated by this method is not completely oxidized, and the thickness of barrier is hard to control accurately. In this work, we use atomic layer deposition to grow Al2O3 tunnel barrier on the surface of Ti. The sandwich structure of Ti/Al2O3/Ti Josephson junction is grown layer by layer. We investigate the corresponding microstructure and electrical properties by adjusting the thickness of the Al2O3 tunnel barrier and the area of the junction. The experimental results show that the monolayer Al2O3 film is about 1.17 Å (1 Å = 10–10 m), which is grown by atomic layer deposition, achieves atomic-level controlled thickness. The resistance is controlled by adjusting the barrier thickness at room temperature. And we obtain a Josephson junction with good resistance uniformity at room temperature by optimizing the junction area.
Key technologies of 18 MeV self-extraction cyclotron
Authors: Zhang Gang , Yang Guo-Jun , He Xiao-Zhong , Du Yang , Shi Jin-Shui , Li Xiao-An ,   Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621000, China,   Key Laboratory of Medical Transformation of Nuclear Technology, NHC, Mianyang 621000, China
Published: July 2022

In this work, an 18 MeV self extraction high current cyclotron is designed, which provides a feasible design scheme for the self extraction system. For the main magnet, it is designed by restricting the parameter change of the main magnetic field through “three judgments”. For the self extraction system, the phase space suitable for particle extraction is scanned by injecting the phase space, and the gradient correction magnet is used to increase the acceptance of the extracted beam. For the harmonic coil, through the second harmonic change of the magnetic field, the beam characteristics are analyzed and the position of the harmonic coil is determined. Under the condition of scanning different harmonic coil surface currents, the extraction of the beam is obtained, and then the phase space of the beam is pushed to the acceptance. In order to match the radial dimension and the axial dimension of the target beam and obtain a stronger beam, the magnetic channel of the double structure is selected and the related design idea is given. The final beam size is 30.5 mm × 12.9 mm, the particles that can be extracted account for 82.62% of the successfully accelerated particles.
On the Dynamics of the Solar System II: Evolution of the Orbital Planes
Authors: Calvet Ramon González
Published: July 2022

The evolution of the orientations of the orbital planes of the planets is calculated under the approximation of circular orbits. The inclination and the longitude of the ascending node of each orbital plane are then described by means of a linear combination of complex exponentials of time with periods of several thousand years. The evolution of these orbital elements for Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn is displayed as well as that of the ecliptic. Finally, the obliquity of the ecliptic is computed from $-2\,000\,000$ to $+2\,000\,000$ years since J2000. It ranges from $10^\circ$ to $35^\circ$ in this time interval.
Increased signal-to-noise ratios within experimental field trials by regressing spatially distributed soil properties as principal components
Authors: Berry Jeffrey C , Qi Mingsheng , Sonawane Balasaheb V , Sheflin Amy , Cousins Asaph , Prenni Jessica , Schachtman Daniel P , Liu Peng , Bart Rebecca S
Published: July 2022

Environmental variability poses a major challenge to any field study. Researchers attempt to mitigate this challenge through replication. Thus, the ability to detect experimental signals is determined by the degree of replication and the amount of environmental variation, noise, within the experimental system. A major source of noise in field studies comes from the natural heterogeneity of soil properties which create microtreatments throughout the field. In addition, the variation within different soil properties is often nonrandomly distributed across a field. We explore this challenge through a sorghum field trial dataset with accompanying plant, microbiome, and soil property data. Diverse sorghum genotypes and two watering regimes were applied in a split-plot design. We describe a process of identifying, estimating, and controlling for the effects of spatially distributed soil properties on plant traits and microbial communities using minimal degrees of freedom. Importantly, this process provides a method with which sources of environmental variation in field data can be identified and adjusted, improving our ability to resolve effects of interest and to quantify subtle phenotypes.
Morphometric analysis of lungfish endocasts elucidates early dipnoan palaeoneurological evolution
Authors: Clement Alice M , Challands Tom J , Cloutier Richard , Houle Laurent , Ahlberg Per E , Collin Shaun P , Long John A
Published: July 2022

The lobe-finned fish, lungfish (Dipnoi, Sarcoptergii), have persisted for ~400 million years from the Devonian Period to present day. The evolution of their dermal skull and dentition is relatively well understood, but this is not the case for the central nervous system. While the brain has poor preservation potential and is not currently known in any fossil lungfish, substantial indirect information about it and associated structures (e.g. labyrinths) can be obtained from the cranial endocast. However, before the recent development of X-ray tomography as a palaeontological tool, these endocasts could not be studied non-destructively, and few detailed studies were undertaken. Here, we describe and illustrate the endocasts of six Palaeozoic lungfish from tomographic scans. We combine these with six previously described digital lungfish endocasts (4 fossil and 2 recent taxa) into a 12-taxon dataset for multivariate morphometric analysis using 17 variables. We find that the olfactory region is more highly plastic than the hindbrain, and undergoes significant elongation in several taxa. Further, while the semicircular canals covary as an integrated module, the utriculus and sacculus vary independently of each other. Functional interpretation suggests that olfaction has remained a dominant sense throughout lungfish evolution, and changes in the labyrinth may potentially reflect a change from nektonic to near-shore environmental niches. Phylogenetic implications show that endocranial form fails to support monophyly of the ‘chirodipterids’. Those with elongated crania similarly fail to form a distinct clade, suggesting these two paraphyletic groups have converged towards either head elongation or truncation driven by non-phylogenetic constraints.