bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Do or Don’t You Provide Your Knowledge to an AI?
Authors: Renggli Philipp , Waefler Toni
Published: June 2024

This study examines the factors that influence individuals' readiness to share knowledge with artificial intelligence (AI) in organizational settings. With the increasing integration of AI into business processes, there are benefits such as increased operational efficiency and decision support. AI systems require the expertise of skilled employees to adequately support decisions and improve performance. However, providing knowledge and experience can also pose a risk to employees as it could jeopardize job security. Using an explorative approach, including literature review and qualitative interviews, this study identifies key motivators and barriers for providing knowledge to an AI. At the individual level, benefits such as learning opportunities encourage contribution. At the team-level, motivators include individual reliance on collective knowledge. Cultural norms such as reciprocity in sharing also play a role. However, there are barriers, including fear of job loss due to automation, interpersonal issues such as criticism, and distrust of both management and AI. Strategies to positively influence these factors include strengthening employability, transparent management communication and communities of practice to mutually share experiences with AI.
Prompt my prototype: NaiVE Framework for Artificial Intelligence use in Engineering Product Development
Authors: Esqueda Merino Donovan , Gómez Meneses Oliver , Rafael Morano Okuno Hector , Jaramillo Godinez Ricardo , A Murano Labastida Daishi , De Los Angeles Ramos Solano María , Higuera Rosales David , Caltenco Castillo Rafael , Rodríguez Gómez Karla , Díaz De León Rodríguez Iván
Published: June 2024

Through this paper we present a framework aimed into helping educators to incorporate the Artificial Intelligence in their classes, particularly focused in Engineering Product Development. As students become more acquainted with the possibilities of Artificial Intelligence, it brings challenges in the way they learn, research and analyze the information supplied by the A.I. systems. This NaiVE framework puts emphasis in the students' use of their technical expertise and critical thinking by explicitly requesting to follow a set of steps that will guide them through obtaining the best out of the Artificial Intelligence outputs. The framework was validated with three different case studies including students from different engineering majors, seniorities and courses carrying out a 5-week project with an industrial partner: the first one being "Dynamical Design" for mechanical engineers in their sophomore year, who used generative design with Autodesk Fusion360 to propose new solutions for an All-Terrain Vehicle; the second one, "Mechatronic Design", was a course for Mechatronic Engineers in their junior year, who had to come up with an innovative proposal for warehouse logistics and provide a Product Requirements Document (PRD), some Product Design Specifications (PDS), and a prototype of their solution (for this, they were instructed in the correct use of ChatGPT and Teachable Machine); the third course, named "Technological Entrepreneurship", was an optative course for senior year undergraduate students of the robotic, mechatronic, mechanic, computer science, chemical, biotechnology, nanotechnology and data science majors working together with senior marketing students of a course in Analytics and Advanced Market Intelligence: the project consisted in developing a technological solution to raise brand awareness for a Civil Association amongst younger generations, and the use of Mid journey was the AI tool used to adapt the proposal to the aesthethics of the training partner and generate eye-catching results.
Analysis of the impact of playing area size on ball retention time and number of touches in soccer and ice hockey possessions: A case study
Authors: Yamada Masayuki , Ogai Yuta , Tohyama Sayaka
Published: June 2024

Does a change in training organization affect to play? In soccer, coaches often require players to pass a ball quickly. This speed includes the speed of the ball. In many cases, players must shorten their time on the ball and switch to the next play with as few touches as possible. How can such quick passing training be achieved? Coaches point to quick passage using language, but the critical factor in whether a player can execute it is considered to be the organization of the training: for example, the practice environment, such as the size of the playing area.The size is a factor in the organization of training to elicit appropriate play. For example, whether the playing area players want to familiarize is 5 or 10 meters is extremely different. Thus, providing the playing area which is different from the size of the entire soccer field may encourage players to a specific practice. One of the types of passing training described above involves players who do not have a ball and taking the ball away from the other players of the team who do. This training is called possession and considered to be widely used by modern soccer teams in various forms. How could the play be changed? Research areas, such as motor learning, have shown that humans and animals unconsciously shift their movement from a specific pattern to another by changing parameters. For example, a horse change the manner in which it moves its legs from walking to running. As the walking speed increased, the foot changed to running at a certain speed. Such changes in movement are not consciously caused by the humans or animals, but can be regarded as bodily knowledge. By this physical knowledge, coaches may induce the plays they want their players to execute by altering the practice environment.In this study, we examined how ball or puck in ice hockey retention time and the number of touches changes if the size of the playing area changes during 3-on-1 possession training in soccer and ice hockey.If the distance between each player is sufficient, it is expected that the possession players will have more time to hold and touch a ball because the defending players who do not control the ball will have time to apply pressure. However, as the distance shortened, the time it takes for the defending players to use pressure decreases; therefore, it is expected that possession players will have less time and fewer touches on the ball. This is a case study of gradual changes in training organizations. However, it is unclear that whether players can intentionally implement quick passing and adaptively play. We want to examine the training organization necessary to enable the metacognition of physical knowledge and adaptive changes in play.
Requirements for Virtual Reality-based Trainings of Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Birkle Jonas , Wagner-hartl Verena
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, the use of robots has grown into a standard in industry. In this context, the interaction of humans and robots is intended to combine the relevant capabilities in order to achieve the highest possible efficiencies. This points to the need for an appropriate training to reduce fears and increase trust and acceptance. Virtual realities (VR) can be a helpful platform for such trainings. The aim of the study was to examine subjective impressions and suggestions for implementing a VR training in the industrial context. A simple interaction with an industrial robot, conducted in the three scenarios "reality", "virtual reality" and "hybrid reality", was used. The interviews revealed a large pool of information and concrete suggestions for the implementation of VR training. The information obtained provides a useful basis for designing different training scenarios.
From Simple to Sophisticated: Investigating the Spectrum of Decision Support Complexity with AI Integration in Manufacturing
Authors: Olbrych Sylwia , Nasuta Alexander , Kemmerling Marco , Abdelrazeq Anas , H Schmitt Robert
Published: June 2024

In the evolving manufacturing landscape, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Decision Support Systems (DSSs) has become crucial for enhancing decision-making. However, a visible challenge arises from the wide range of methodologies available, requiring a thoughtful choice of a suitable method for a given problem description. The absence of adequate resources for guiding developers in selecting an appropriate method is evident. In response to this gap, the presented work aims to improve the clarity and understanding of integrating existing methods, including AI, into DSSs. The clarity is achieved by introducing a structured grouping of DSSs based on the implemented methodology into four categories: rule-based, optimisation-based, simulation-based, and learning-based. Furthermore, this research illustrates decision-making with real-world examples by drawing insights from the literature. It underlines the user-centric importance in decision-making, emphasising that the effectiveness of the chosen DSS category depends on user interaction and comprehension. Looking ahead with the continuous evolution of AI, the ongoing incorporation of methodological advancements into DSSs is crucial for the continuous improvement of decision-making processes and alignment with the dynamic needs of users and the challenges present in modern manufacturing.
Resilience Scores from Wearable Biosignal Sensors for Decision Support of Worker Allocation in Production
Authors: Paletta Lucas , Schneeberger Michael , Pszeida Martin , Mosbacher Jochen , Haid Florian , Tschuden Julia , Zeiner Herwig
Published: June 2024

Mental health and well-being have to be considered on an equal footing when designing digitalized workplaces in production. We present the configuration of selected wearable sensor technologies together with the architecture of the Intelligent Sensor Box to enable monitoring resilience scores at the production site. The wearables include a Garmin vivosmart 5 fitness tracker to provide cardiovascular data, the greenTEG CORE body temperature sensor, Pupil Labs Neon eye tracking glasses and an optional sanSirro QUS smart shirt with textile biosignal measurements of vital parameters. We provide a framework to integrate a sequence of daily strain scores within a pre-determined time window of a preceding working period, and finally integrate this into a current resilience score. We present the estimation of the daily strain score based on the wearable sensing data that were captured in the Human Factors Lab in Austria during activities that are characteristic for the car production workplace. Furthermore, we demonstrate how resilience scores would impact the decision-making in the use case of daily dynamic worker allocation.
Design Thinking in Higher Education: An Action Research Approach to Developing Creative Problem-Solving Skills in Young Designers
Authors: Ho Amic , Chau Ruth
Published: June 2024

One of the most important roles of emotions is in communication or motivation, but they also affect the level of engagement. Design education assignments often require students to display exceptional creativity and problem-solving skills and also to mull over many questions. Negative moods like frustration, boredom, restlessness and sluggishness will not only affect people's learning ability but could also reduce productivity. With an educational emphasis on academic instruction, students are much less motivated to learn and make more frequent errors. Creating design that evoke emotions is a framework that addresses these needs through products or services that improve emotional experiences, increasing involvement. This research will use an action research approach, focusing on qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis technologies, to examine the impact of emotional concerns on communication design. The results can provide guidance for educators, designers, and researchers in developing innovative educational strategies that are responsive to emotional needs. Emotions are an indispensable part of the development of pedagogical ideas.
Training stress models on open-access data for a continuous human state monitoring platform
Authors: Benesch Danielle , Paul Tanya , Marois Alexandre
Published: June 2024

Stress can be an indicator of discomfort with a task, which is of relevance for training in safety-critical fields. Knowing a trainee’s stress level could be especially useful when objective performance outcomes are unclear or when success in training tasks alone is insufficient to predict proficiency in real-life safety-critical scenarios. In this study, stress classification models trained on open-access physiological data and integrated in Sensor Hub, a multi-sensor system for near real-time monitoring, were developed. To obtain ground-truth neurophysiological data recorded under high-stress conditions, raw electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration data in an open-access database sourced from PhysioNet, consisting of 57 participants with arachnophobia watching spider videos, was used. Machine learning algorithms were trained on features extracted from these raw signals. A first set of algorithms focused on heart rate, respiratory rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) features. The second set included feature normalization according to an individual’s baseline. Models based on individually normalized features reached balanced prediction accuracy >80%. A pilot data collection was conducted with a different sensing device than the device used to obtain these measures. Qualitative analysis revealed that real-time R-R intervals from the new sensors were sensitive to artifacts, suggesting that the model relying on HRV features may not be reliable. The model that used only the baseline normalized heart and respiratory rate was selected as the final choice, exported in the Open Neural Network Exchange format and integrated into the Sensor Hub platform, providing predictions every second. This research demonstrates the potential of open-access data for providing a solid starting point for training cognitive models, while also highlighting the necessity of real-time testing to confirm that models can generalize across different sensors and processing pipelines.
A Comparative Case Study of Post-Industrial Regeneration Project Through Digital Footprint
Authors: Zhan Xiaochun , Bin Guo Fang
Published: June 2024

Visitors’ satisfaction appears to be an essential indicator for the success of urban regeneration projects, as the finding reflects people's expectation of regeneration projects, which are the necessary design drivers for project designers in their ideation. The covid-19 pandemic has limited many conventional research approaches, in particular in the human-centred study that requires the face-to-face contact. Digital Footprint is data that is left behind when users have been online. Analysing the visitors’ digital footprint generated by the websites of TripAdvisor and Dianping, this method examines four post-industrial regeneration projects selected from China and the UK, to explore the factors that influence visitors’ satisfaction for regeneration projects within the two cultures. This paper extends the Digital Footprints method to the urban regeneration research, aiming to seek an alternative and practical method for researchers, designers, and project investigators in their future projects.
VR4ALL: Advancing Design Paradigms to Deliver Inclusive Products for Individuals with Visual and Motor Disabilities
Authors: Escudeiro Paula , Filipe Escudeiro Nuno , Campos Márcia , Escudeiro Francisca
Published: June 2024

In a world marked by pervasive challenges, individuals with visual and motor disabilities encounter multifaceted obstacles that hinder their daily lives. The prevailing issue lies in the absence of holistic and inclusive design solutions capable of addressing the diverse needs of this demographic. The VR4ALL project addresses these pressing challenges, aiming to bridge the gap in inclusive design solutions. Focused on the integration of virtual reality (VR) in education and design, the project pioneers the use of VR tools in the early stages of the design thinking process. By providing design professionals and students with a first-person perspective on the needs and limitations of individuals with disabilities, VR4ALL strives to cultivate environments that are both accessible and actively inclusive. The anticipated outcomes include a versatile technological toolset featuring 3D models, virtual environments, and application assets simulating disabilities. This immersive approach facilitates a deeper understanding of users' experiences and fosters empathy among design practitioners.
Experiments on the manipulation of doors by the elderly with dementia
Authors: Goto Yoshiaki , Ozaki Ryou , Imoto Hiroki
Published: June 2024

It is common for elderly people with dementia to be confused about opening and closing doors. In the door opening and closing operation, various factors such as the way of door opening and closing , the shape of the handle, and the material of the door seem to affect the judgment and understanding of the opening and closing operation method. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the characteristics of door opening and closing operations of elderly people with dementia, and examine how to control the behavior of elderly people with dementia by door design and control problem behaviors in daily life.First of all, we examined the incidence of BPSD and other diseases and the measures being implemented through questionnaire surveys and on-site surveys.Next, we conducted an experiment to confirm the judgment, comprehension, and memory of elderly people with dementia, who are thought to be the cause of these occurrences, regarding the peculiar storage behaviors found in the on-site survey. The experiment was conducted on 10 elderly people with dementia at a special nursing home in Okayama Prefecture. We asked them to store daily life tools in multiple storage devices with different ways of opening and closing, and examined their opening and closing movements and memories of stored objects. It was found that the opening and closing of storage furniture doors in elderly people with dementia was influenced by long-term memory.In addition, we conducted an open/close operation experiment to investigate the current status of the opening and closing operation of the doors of elderly people with dementia. Using a miniature door samples of various ways of opening and closing, with various life-size handle We observed the opening and closing operation of the door of an elderly person with dementia, and confirmed how the judgment and understanding of the operation method change depending on the shape of the door handle and the opening and closing method. The experiment was conducted on 14 elderly people with dementia at a special nursing home in Okayama Prefecture. It was difficult to open and close a door that required unfamiliar operation such as a push plate with a single-hinged door that opened by pushing. It seems to be influenced by past experience with opening and closing.We hope that the results of these experimental studies will lead to measures to prevent problematic behaviors (troubled storage and wandering) seen in the daily lives of elderly people with dementia.
AI-Powered Emotion Recognition for Maritime Safety Enhancement
Authors: Pagani Laura , Gemelli Paolo , Ivan Zignego Mario , Bertirotti Alessandro
Published: June 2024

This paper delineates an initiative to devise an emotion recognition system bespoke for nautical settings, employing artificial intelligence (AI) and an array of biosensors. The system will integrate speech emotion recognition (SER) technology to discern emotions such as anger, fear, joy, and sorrow through voice patterns. Additionally, biosensors like skin conductance (EDA/GSR), electrocardiography (ECG), and eye-tracking technology will collect further physiological data. The aggregated data will be analysed to assess the emotional state of the individuals involved.A virtual mock-up, simulating a maritime environment complete with weather dynamics and potential equipment malfunctions that could induce stress or anxiety, will be created. This virtual environment will endeavour to achieve a high degree of realism to heighten the immersion of participants in the simulated scenario. AI algorithms will adjust this environment in real time in response to the user's emotional state to enhance the user experience (UX). For example, should the system detect stress or anxiety, the virtual scenario may transition to a calming seascape to encourage relaxation and alleviate stress.Future developments will see the incorporation of a real-time alarm mechanism capable of notifying essential personnel, such as the ship's captain or supervisor, upon detection of emotional states that warrant attention. This alert system is designed as a preventive measure, aiming to avert more serious consequences like accidents, errors, or more grave incidents. The system will also proffer recommendations for intervention or actions based on the detected emotional state.The project's goal is to introduce an avant-garde approach to monitoring and supporting the mental health and safety of maritime professionals. It aspires to detect emotional fluctuations instantaneously, provide interventions, and adjust the environment to promote relaxation and minimise stress. The project is expected to yield practical implications for the maritime industry and other high-risk work environments where the mental health and safety of workers are paramount. In conclusion, the project's outcomes are projected to offer practical benefits for the maritime sector and other high-risk occupations, ensuring the monitoring and support of workers' mental health and safety.
Improvement Design of Age-friendly Supermarket Shopping Carts Based on Ergonomics
Authors: Wu Junyao , Hu Liya , Zhu Zhijuan
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to study the users’ needs of supermarket shopping carts for the elderly from the perspective of Ergonomics and provide a guideline for product improvement, so as to enhance the shopping experience of elderly users in supermarkets. Shopping carts from different supermarkets were compared and the existing problems of supermarket shopping processes and shopping carts were summarized based on the literature review and competing products analysis. Through field interviews and KANO model questionnaire surveys, the demand-orientation of form, color, material and function of age-friendly supermarket shopping carts were explored. Then the needs of age-friendly supermarket shopping carts from the aspects of user experience and human dimensions were analyzed and the product was improved. In this study, the physiological and psychological knowledge in Ergonomics were applied, which not only improved the comfort and convenience of the elderly’ s shopping experience in the supermarket to a certain extent, but also provided new ideas for the research of age-friendly design in public service facilities.
Patient Centered Care: Medical Error Disclosure Guidelines Across Canada
Authors: Kalra Jay , Rafid-Hamed Zoher , Johnston Bryan , Seitzinger Patrick
Published: June 2024

The quality of healthcare is an emerging concern worldwide. Despite attempts to minimize adverse events and medical errors, the disclosure of medical errors by health professionals remains a significant challenge. We have previously reported that international policies and the Canadian Provincial College of Physicians and Surgeons both encourage the open disclosure of adverse events and have suggested its integration into a ‘no-fault’ model. Disclosure policies can provide a framework and guidelines for appropriate disclosure, leading to practices that are more transparent. The purpose of this study was to review, evaluate, and compare individual policies across Canadian health regions to provide guidelines for the best possible medical error disclosure policy. We evaluated the policies of each health region using the following five criteria (an apology or expression of regret, support for the patient, avoidance of blame, avoidance of speculation, and support for providers) which are considered critical to designing patient centered guidelines for medical error disclosure. The majority of provincial and territorial health regions (7 out of 11) have implemented disclosure policies that include all of the evaluated criteria. In Eastern Canada, more than 90% of the disclosure policies included an apology, patient support, and avoidance of blame, while more than 80% included avoiding speculation and providing support for providers. Similarly, in Western Canada, more than 80% of policies contained an apology, patient support, and avoidance of speculation, while provider support was found in at least 60% of surveyed policies. In Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, all policies contained an apology, patient support, avoidance of speculation, and provider support. On average, health region disclosure policies included an apology (98%), patient support (98%), avoidance of speculation (95%), provider support (92%), and avoidance of blame (90%). Designing best practice error disclosure policy requires integrating many aspects, including bioethics, physician-patient communication, quality of care, and team-based care delivery. We suggest that disclosure practice in Canada move toward a uniform, patient centered approach that addresses errors non-punitively to encourage medical error disclosure, reduce medical errors, and improve patient safety.
Integrating Intelligent Control into Far UVC Wearable Garments for On-Demand Airborne Viral and Bacterial Protection
Authors: Pratt Layton , Robertson Ryan , Mintchev Martin
Published: June 2024

Far Ultraviolet C-range (Far UVC) emissions of sufficient intensity have been proven to successfully immobilize a vast family of airborne viruses and bacteria, while being harmless to humans. Recently, an innovative application of portable Far UVC light devices has been suggested in the form of wearable self-disinfecting garments for personal protection. While embedding a miniature Far UVC light fixture (e.g. Ushio's Care222®, Tokyo, Japan) into wearable garments such as vests and helmets can be a relatively straightforward engineering task, the very fact that the devices are battery-supplied implies that particular care and attention must be devoted to the design of an intelligent system for minimizing electrical power consumption based on direct need of use. The aim of this paper is to propose a design utilizing a contemporary microcontroller-based transmitter-receiver system to accomplish this task, and to test the resulting intelligent personal protection garments in real-life conditions. Two wearable garments embedding Ushio’s Care222® units were designed. In each garment, an Arduino-based microcontroller system was embedded along with infrared (IR) transmitter and receiver (Gikfun Infrared Diode LED IR Emission and Receiver for Arduino) to activate the Far UVC lamp when approached by another user wearing also such Far UVC garment if pre-programmed social distancing was violated. Both helmet- and vest-based disinfecting garments were prototyped and subsequently tested on three healthy volunteers working in routine laboratory conditions. The volunteers were encouraged to go about their regular daily work in the lab while wearing the intelligent Far UVC garments. Each volunteer signed consent forms required by the Research Ethics Committee of Howard Payne University. The intelligent Far UVC garment prototypes continuously performed reliably and safely. All three volunteers reported that the implements were minimally obstructive, and that they were able to perform routine multi-hour work in the lab continuously and without any impediment. The Far UVC light on each garment turned itself on only when a pre-programed social distancing (2 meters) was infringed, and turned themselves off when such distancing was exceeded. Due to the embedded intelligent control, power consumption was reduced allowing the garments to maintain operation for a full standard work day. An innovative intelligent control was designed, implemented, embedded and tested on Far UVC wearable garments for the purpose of continuous minimally-obstructive disinfection against airborne viruses and bacteria. The intelligent implements were found to be minimally obstructive by volunteers who wore them during their routine daily lab work.
Design of a corrective hip orthosis for patients with abnormal flexor pattern after transfemoral amputation
Authors: Joselyn Ramírez Román Marian , Guadalupe Zepeda Flores Judith , Romero Martin , Arturo Ramos Sandoval Pablo , Mora Blanca , Alberto  Valenzuela Gomez Sergio
Published: June 2024

Transfemoral amputation is a surgical procedure performed to remove the lower limb above the knee joint when that part of the body has been severely damaged by trauma, disease, or congenital defect. The result is the loss of important anatomical structures such as the knee, tibia, fibula, ankle, and foot. Currently, the evolution of this medical procedure has highlighted the relevance of muscle stabilization and biomechanical principles. As a part of most relevant goals, after the amputation process, is to preserve the adductor magnus and perform a myodesis (the muscle is secured to the bone by suturing the distal tendon via pre-drilled holes to the bone) with the purpose to have a functional stump. If biomechanical principles are correctly applied in addition with an effective surgical technique, patients could have better prognosis, and more chances to have a prosthetic device. In addition to this, it’s important to mention that the shape of the residual limb is crucial for the prosthetic fitting and rehabilitation process. On the other hand, there is a lack of information about the relevance of the adductor magnus in preserving the anatomical femur axis after the amputation process. Actually, the loss of function of the adductor magnus, and other adductor muscles, leads to an abnormal abduction and flexion of the femoral stump; this condition modifies the posture, specially when patients are in sitting position or try to walk with crutches. In addition to this, their center of gravity is modified, affecting the possible suspension and handling of the prostheses, in case they have one. According to this, it’s important to correct the abnormal abductor and flexor pattern of the femoral stump before fitting a prosthetic device. Hence, this project aims to develop an orthosis that helps patients to keep the lower limb in a more anatomical position, after the amputation and during their rehabilitation treatment. For the development of this device it was necessary to design an anthropometric protocol taking as a reference the case of a patient with an appropriate transfemoral amputation. The design proposal highlights specific anthropometric measurements, such as residual limb length, circumferences, and shape, to ensure an optimal and fit of the orthosis. For the selection of materials, it was important that these were flexible, comfortable and they didn't cause any discomfort after several hours of use. Additionally, through a system of harnesses that were placed to provide traction, the flexor and abductor patterns were modified to keep the amputated stump in a completely vertical axis.
A Generalized Framework for Human-Machine Function Allocation
Authors: Huang Yanrong , She Manrong , Wang Chunhui , Zhu Chao , Chen Shanguang , Li Zhizhong
Published: June 2024

Human-machine function allocation is the process of determining how a system functions or tasks are distributed between humans and machines. Reasonable human-machine function allocation is a key factor in ensuring system safety and performance. Considering the deficiency of existing methods of human-machine function allocation, this paper proposes a generalized framework for human-machine function allocation covering the static and dynamic function allocation phases. The functional units formed by task decomposition engage in the framework as input. The function allocation solution space is first established based on the consideration of strengths and weaknesses of humans and machines and the task requirements to their capabilities. Then feasible solution space is formed in response to situational factors to implement a flexible human-machine function allocation, so as to provide more possibilities for timely and effective response to various possible safety problems. Finally, optimal solution is determined by comprehensive evaluation with trade-off criteria and relative suitability rules of humans and machines to realize safer and more efficient human-machine collaboration. In addition, the limitation and preference rules in terms of human and machine capabilities, situational feasibility rules established with situational triggering indicators, a comprehensive evaluation with trade-off criteria and relative suitability rules of humans and machines are summarized to illustrate the application of the framework.
Understanding Chinese Adults’ Attitudes Towards IoT Home Care Technologies
Authors: Zhong Runting , Han Saihong , Ma Mengyao , Xu Yunlong , Fan Meiyu , Chang Yixuan
Published: June 2024

Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides innovative solutions for home care. This study investigates Chinese adults’ preferences and influencing sociodemographic factors of using IoT home care technologies. A total of 512 Chinese (Mean age = 46.1 years, SD = 18.1 years) were investigated about their use and interest in 26 types of IoT home care technologies, overall willingness to use the technologies, and sociodemographic information using an online survey. Stepwise regression was used to identify predictors for ownership of IoT home care technologies and willingness to use IoT technologies. This study found that the overall ownership of IoT home care technologies was not high (Mean number of IoT technologies ‘already in use’ = 8.1 among the 26 selected technologies, SD = 5.0). Chinese users generally had a positive attitude towards such technologies. Their concern focused on home safety and health. People who were younger, more competent with housework, had a monthly disposable income of over 3000 Chinese Yuan (CNY), had more communication with neighbours, lived in a city, had better self-reported health status, lived in a villa and with Internet connection had higher overall scores for ownership of IoT technology. People with better communication skills, who were younger, lived in a city, had a monthly disposable income of 5000–10000 CNY, were more competent with housework and continued to work were more willing to use IoT home care technologies. This study helps stakeholders and policymakers understand the sociodemographic diversity the requirements for IoT home care among Chinese adults.
Nuclear Power Plant Maintenance and Commissioning Activities from the Perspective of HRA: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yin Zijian , Zhang Hongchao , Cheng Peng , Wang Peiyuan , Li Zhizhong
Published: June 2024

The recent Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) method developed by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Integrated Human Event Analysis System (IDHEAS), provides a well-grounded model to analyze human errors as well as a promising interface for generalizing and integrating human error data from various sources. Nevertheless, the task context and human performance in different domains, even in different applications within one domain, manifest quite different features which make it elusive to draw an inter-sector or inter-application comparison. In light of this contradiction, one question arises: Can HRA in distinct applications be cross-referenced to one another? Motivated by this, an interview study was conducted as a preliminary attempt to figure out the similarities and differences between two typical activities in the nuclear domain, i.e., maintenance and commissioning, with respect to two vital HRA elements, i.e., error modes and performance shaping factors (PSFs). A total of 21 engineers in a nuclear power plant were recruited to participate in the interview about salient error modes and PSFs in maintenance activities as well as a comparison with commissioning activities. Results show that the two activities share analogous error modes and PSFs on the whole, but vary in the patterns and distributions of each individual PSFs. Hence, results of the present study indicate that human errors in these two comparable activities could be characterized by a unified taxonomy, affording positive evidence for the thrown question. However, the discrepancy in the PSF patterns should never be neglected, which could lead to the divergency of nominal PSF levels and nominal human error probabilities.
Critical analysis of the interviews in the investigation of accidents in the O&G area – case study of 19 accidents in Brazil
Authors: Franca Josue
Published: June 2024

Since the beginnings of the O&G Industry, with the first onshore wells in Pennsylvania, in 1859, and the first offshore wells in California, in 1897, the occurrence of accidents has been frequent and caused injuries and losses. Dealing with something that is unknown, partially or completely - an oil reservoir - is something dangerous in itself, and this is associated with the handling of heavy tools, the risk of explosiveness, the collapse of the well and many other accidental scenarios. It is clear, therefore, that understanding the dynamics of an accident is more than important, it is necessary and, as already stated by several Government Regulators around the world, mandatory for the entire O&G chain. But despite all this history since the 19th century, as well as the obligation imposed by Regulators, there is still no methodological and institutional tradition for analyzing and investigating accidents in the O&G Industry, as there is internationally for Civil Aviation and Nuclear Energy. Particularly in the interviewing of workers, whether injured or not, different forms, approaches and treatments are observed, which makes it difficult to implement the best ways of obtaining information to understand the facts. In this research, based on 19 non-fatal accidents that occurred between 2012 and 2022 in Brazil, a critical analysis of the interview process was developed, studying the documents and reports, as well as re-interviewing the interviewees, but not in relation to the accident , but in relation to how they were treated and conducted during the interview. The perceptions and findings of the research demonstrated that there is significant room for improvement, as there are inconsistencies, mistakes and flaws in the accident investigation interview process.
Exploring AI Smart Home Aging-in-Place: Use Cases to Empower Individuals with MCI and Their Carepartners
Authors: Atluri Adviti , Phelps Brenna , Qin Yi , Cutts Corinne , Jones Brian
Published: June 2024

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) presents a critical juncture between normal cognitive aging and dementia, necessitating tailored interventions for individuals and their informal caregivers (carepartners). As cognitive decline progresses, individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often require greater assistance with everyday tasks and increased support from their carepartners through prompts and shifting of task responsibility. This evolving dynamic often leads to a heightened burden on caregivers. In order to understand these challenges and how they may be addressed, we employed commercially available smart home technologies with an integrated, AI-powered mobile application as a technology probe in n =13 homes. The dyads consisted of carepartners as spouses, siblings, and adult children with different caregiving arrangements (i.e. cohabitating, adjacent living, remote). Technologies to infer daily activities, such as hygiene, sleep, and meal prep, were installed in homes prior to introducing the smarthome app, providing time for the system to learn. Dyads were then trained on key features of the AI smarthome app and notifications were customized based on individual needs and preferences. Multiple follow-up interviews were conducted at intervals of at least a month to assess app usability, usefulness, user preferences, perceived safety at home and unsupported needs. Results indicated nuanced patterns of app usage based on factors such as caregiver proximity in relation to living arrangements, extent of MCI progression, and individual tech proficiency. The AI smarthome application effectively addressed some concerns for both individuals with MCI and their carepartners around home safety, specifically in relation to exterior doors left open and wandering, as well as medication adherence. The study also demonstrated where AI-driven insights can go wrong, for example, frustrations arose from inaccuracies around the system's inability to distinguish occupants and accurately assess home occupancy. This paper describes use cases underscoring the potential of AI-driven smart home technologies to address the unique challenges faced by individuals with MCI and their carepartners in order to foster independence and enable safe aging-in-place. These use cases were derived from both the analysis of feedback sessions as well as dyad-specific observational data that contextualizes interview findings by providing a deeper understanding of participants’ preferences and concerns.This research contributes to the field by offering practical implications and future considerations for AI-based interventions, including: unique user needs necessitating greater personalization, dyad living arrangements, and seamless integration with existing technologies. Future work will involve codesigning and developing such interventions with dyads.
Elderly and digital health technologies: the relationship between Gerontechnology and Design for active and healthy ageing.
Authors: Tosi Francesca , Pistolesi Mattia , Becchimanzi Claudia
Published: June 2024

The rise of new interactive, digital and connected objects is bringing about significant transformations in our world, generating new ways of living and new channels of access to communication. The healthcare sector is one of the sectors most affected by this digital revolution.Gerontechnology, a relatively recent field of research, studies the interaction between increasing longevity combined with a decreasing birth rate and the development of emerging healthcare technologies (Bouma et al., 2007; Chen, 2020).Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, digital health technologies (wearable devices, social media, robotics, smart devices, virtual technologies, etc.) can support successful ageing (van Bronswijk et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2020), but in practice, the results achieved do not live up to the expectations of elderly users, as the elderly population is less able to access new technologies as they are less open to innovation (Loges & Jung; 2001; van Dijk & Hacker, 2003; Manchester & Jarke, 2022).The EU's 2022 report (European Commission, 2022) on the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) places Italy 18th among the 27 EU Member States, which can be attributed to the relative lack of literacy of the Italian elderly population, although, compared to 2021, Italy gained two points (20th place). In order to limit the Grey Digital Divide, gerontechnology design in recent years has been influenced by the anthropocentric approach, a design approach that places the elderly within the design process (Baker et al., 2019; Vines et al., 2015; Wallace et al., 2020) considering them as a social resource and not as frail, sick and dependent. Design, and in particular the Human-Centred Design approach, can play a crucial role both in understanding the needs of the elderly population and in translating these needs into digital products that are more suitable and relevant to their purpose. For these reasons, in this article we introduce the first results of the research carried out by the Ergonomics and Design Lab. (LED) of the University of Florence within the research programme "Age-It Ageing well in an ageing society", an extended partnership financed within the PNRR (National Recovery and Resilience Plan, Funded by the Italian Government with the European funds Next Generation Eu Mission 4 "Education and Research" Component 2 "From Research to Enterprise"). The Age-It programme, in which 25 partners, including Universities and Research Centres, participate, is led by the University of Florence and consists of 10 spokes. LED researchers are involved in spoke 9, which aims to study advanced gerontechnologies for active and healthy ageing. The objective is therefore to reduce the digital divide between generations through the development of design guidelines that can help the elderly to use digital health technologies consciously and safely.The article will discuss the research questions, method, results and future developments.
Self-service Health Screening Devices Based on Community Health Management Services
Authors: Xiao Shimeng , Tu Xiaohan , Liu Long
Published: June 2024

The development of primary public health services in China is facing great challenges. A shortage of family doctor resources, inadequate health awareness of residents, and low health screening coverage of residents are still the current dilemmas that primary health services face. Gradually, community health services that include a type of self-service health screening device are starting to emerge. In this context, a community is defined as a collection of individuals living in a particular geographical area with public facilities for their daily life use.In light of today's aging trends, self-service devices may be adopted by senior residents, who are the primary users of community services. Enabling seniors to manage their health more proactively can effectively prevent primary health care services from stagnating.This study aimed to explore how design can help older adults better adopt self-help sign detection devices in the community in the context of technological development. A value sensitivity research approach was used in this thesis. First, through a desktop survey and conceptual literature review, the current health care dilemma and development trends were understood, and values appreciated by each stakeholder for self-help physical sign testing in a community setting were defined. The combination of multiple interview methods was used by users to analyze information on existing self-services used to integrate the value claims of health screening devices in Shanghai to gain a more realistic view and explore potential design opportunities. Finally, the value claims were further transformed into a solution that was designed. This includes suggestions for the design of devices that can be used in the near future, for the human‒machine interaction process, for the overall service process, and for future functional expansion. The industrial design was also produced through sketches and 3D model iterations.The findings and outcomes can be used as a reference for the development and design of current or near-future self-service sign detection devices.
Fair Data Economy for Digital Service Development
Authors: Ruohomaa Heikki , Salminen Vesa
Published: June 2024

The rapid growth of explosive amounts of data and the development of new technology are causing radical changes in all industries. With the increase in data volumes and technology, new companies are born that better meet customer expectations, sustainable development goals, etc. The change does not take place only in products and services, but in supply chains and as new business models and as new customer expectations. With the development, many traditional companies lose their competitiveness. Renewal is particularly challenging for SMC companies, which have to rethink their company's operating environment (supply chains, services and business models, customers).The situation highlights the importance of data availability for company renewal. Key challenges are competence-related resources, identifying changing customer expectations, and competence.) According to Sitra's report, only about 1% of data is utilized in new business models.The key building blocks of the change are the economic issues related to the use of data (fair data economy) and the choices related to the use of data (data spaces).