bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign language virtual teaching optimization: sensory-somatic enhancers as an alternative to rational and emotional ones
Authors: Slukhai Nataliia , Slavova Liudmyla , Slukhai Sergii , Omelianchuk Maryna
Published: May 2021

Based on the use of potentials of human analogue thinking and cognitive effects as an indispensable component of the cognitive activity, the article considers atypically located in the frame structure and suggestively loaded rational and emotional motivators for learning a foreign language. The article focuses on sensory-somatic enhancers of the new information reception. It is shown that stimulation of the analogue language learning is mostly successfully carried out with suggestive or emotional motivation, as well as through visual, audio, kinesthetic channels alongside with the verbal one during games. It is proved that such games were used in the history of human ontogenesis. Game resources of virtual reality are considered as new stimulating suggestions, since a game is a way to detach from the profane in favor of the sacred information space. The ways of optimization of virtual foreign language learning by means of sensory-somatic enhancers are described.
Formation of national self-consciousness of future musical art teachers in the process of their professional training
Authors: Kovalchuk Vasyl , Aheikina-Starchenko Tetiana , Chorna Nataliia , Iskra Svitlana
Published: May 2021

The authors of the paper analyze the definition of “national self-consciousness” and outline its structure, which includes self-esteem, socio-psychological expectations, and self-identification. From the point of view of the authors of the paper, the national self-consciousness of future musical art teachers includes three interrelated components. They are: an information-cognitive one, which involves mastering the system of general knowledge and special knowledge, as well as the possession of certain information regarding one's own self-identification; an emotional and value one, which reflects patriotic feelings, the desire for the national ideal, the value attitude towards the Ukrainian cultural heritage; and a reflexive and activity one, which characterizes the awareness of the nationality, awareness of oneself as a bearer of cultural values and heritage of the nation, and awareness of one's role in future professional activities. As a result of the analysis of the researches on the problem under our consideration, we made some conclusions about the ways of forming the national selfconsciousness of young people. The authors of the paper conducted a pedagogical experiment that allowed identify methodological aspects and suggest forms and methods that should be used in the training process to form the national self-consciousness of future teachers of musical art.
Adipöse Patienten in der Anästhesie
Authors: Thomas Paul-Björn
Published: May 2021

Adipositas als Auswirkung einer modernen, reichen Gesellschaft nimmt zunehmend an Bedeutung zu und stellt das multidisziplinäre Team im operativen Bereich vor vielfältige Herausforderungen. Der folgende Beitrag soll aktuelle grundlegende pflegerische Maßnahmen des Adipositasmanagements in der Anästhesiepflege veranschaulichen, um mehr Patientensicherheit innerhalb einer Risikogruppe zu garantieren.
(Um)Strukturierung eines Krankenhauses der Maximalversorgung in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Moskopp Dag
Published: May 2021

Der Autor beschreibt die Entwicklung des Pandemiejahres 2020 aus einer persönlichen Sicht in Doppelfunktion: derjenigen eines Direktors der Klinik für Neurochirurgie sowie der eines Ärztlichen Direktors eines Klinikums der Maximalversorgung innerhalb des Vivantes-Netzwerkes für Gesundheit GmbH, einem kommunalen Krankenhausbetreiber mit etwa 18 000 Mitarbeitern an 8 Standorten in Berlin. Er korrelieren seine Beobachtungen zu medizinischen Publikationen sowie zu Mustern in Kunst und Historie.
Controlled Attenuation Parameter in Healthy Individuals Aged
8–70 Years
Authors: Mjelle Anders Batman , Mulabecirovic Anesa , Olafsdottir Edda Jonina , Gilja Odd Helge , Havre Roald Flesland , Vesterhus Mette
Published: May 2021

Purpose Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a non-invasive method to
assess the presence of liver steatosis. It has been evaluated in children and
adults, mainly in either the obese or in subjects with suspected liver disease.
Our aim was to describe CAP in healthy non-obese subjects without suspected
liver steatosis and to suggest cutoff levels for steatosis.

Materials and Methods We prospectively recruited 187 individuals aged
8–70 years. All underwent clinical examination, including height and
weight measurement. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and converted into
z-scores. To exclude liver pathology, B-mode ultrasound and liver stiffness
measurements were performed in all prior to CAP measurement. Blood was drawn for
liver biochemistry in adults.

Results CAP was associated with BMI z-score across all ages. CAP started
to rise alongside BMI z-score already in subjects with a BMI below average. CAP
values were higher in adults than in children (p<0.001), and higher in
adult males than adult females (p=0.014). CAP did not correlate with age
within the adult or pediatric cohorts. CAP was highly correlated with the fatty
liver index. 18 and 23% of subjects showed CAP above the suggested
cutoff value for children and adults, respectively.

Conclusion CAP was correlated with BMI z-score, even in individuals with a
below-average BMI . We found CAP above published cutoff values in a substantial
proportion of presumably healthy, non-obese children and adults, warranting
further research to clarify whether this represents non-obese non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease or if reference values need adjustment.
Biomechanical Comparison of Modified Adams-Berger and DX technique in DRUJ Reconstruction
Authors: Rigó István Zoltán , Riano Felix , Kalapos Robert , Haugstvedt Jan-Ragnar
Published: May 2021

Background Adams-Berger ligamentoplasty is a widely accepted reconstruction for unrepairable triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries with instability. Failure of the reconstruction and recurrent instability is still a clinical problem. Internal brace augmentation of tendon grafts is gaining more popularity, but use in the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is not yet published.

Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to compare a novel anatomical DRUJ reconstruction with a modified Adams-Berger reconstruction to answer which technique stabilize better the DRUJ and which has enough stabilizing effect to allow early mobilization.

Methods Nine matched pairs of cadaveric upper extremities were used. The dorsopalmar translations in the DRUJ that occurred with 50 N load were measured before and after detachment of the TFCC from the ulna and after ligament reconstruction with either modified Adams-Berger procedure or DX Swivelock technique. Internal brace augmented palmaris longus tendon grafts were used in all reconstruction.

Results In the Adams-Berger group, the injured and the reconstructed displacements were significantly higher than the native, while in the DX group both the native and the reconstructed displacements were significantly lower than the injured. The mean (standard deviation) change of translations was 0.46 (1.94) mm after Adams-Berger and 2.51 (1.31) mm after DX reconstruction, implying significant better stabilizing effect of the latter.

Conclusions DX Swivelock reconstruction showed better time zero stabilizing effect compared with Adams-Berger procedure, regaining almost normal stability of the DRUJ.
Metabolomic Biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Alesi Simon , Ghelani Drishti , Mousa Aya
Published: May 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinologic condition affecting one in five women of reproductive age. PCOS is often characterized by disruptions to the menstrual cycle, development of male-pattern hair growth (hirsutism), and polycystic ovary morphology. Recently, PCOS has been linked to metabolic dysfunction, with 40 to 80% of women characterized as overweight or obese. Despite these well-known negative health effects of PCOS, 75% of sufferers remain undiagnosed. This is most likely due to the variability in symptom presentation and the lack of a definitive test for the condition. Metabolomics, which is a platform used to analyze and characterize a large number of metabolites, has recently been proposed as a potential tool for investigating the metabolic pathways that could be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS. In doing so, novel biomarkers could be identified to improve diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. This review aims to summarize the findings of recent metabolomic studies that highlight metabolic-specific molecules which are deranged in PCOS, to identify potential biomarkers for the condition. Current limitations for metabolomic studies are discussed, as well as future directions to progress the field toward further validation and integration into clinical practice.
Not-so-straightforward links between believing in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories and engaging in disease-preventive behaviours
Authors: Chan Hoi-Wing , Chiu Connie Pui-Yee , Zuo Shijiang , Wang Xue , Liu Li , Hong Ying-yi
Published: May 2021

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, pertinent conspiracy theories have proliferated online, raising the question: How might believing in those conspiracy theories be linked with engagement in disease-preventive behaviours? To answer this, we conducted a repeated cross-sectional survey of around 1500 respondents to examine the link between conspiracy-theory beliefs and disease-preventive behaviours across six time-points in the United States from early February to late March 2020. The findings reveal that believing in risk-acceptance conspiracy theories (RA-CTs; e.g., “COVID-19 is a man-made bioweapon”) was linked to more preventive behaviours. However, believing in risk-rejection conspiracy theories (RR-CTs; e.g., “COVID-19 is like influenza and was purposefully exaggerated”) was associated with fewer preventive behaviours. These differential links were mediated by risk perception and negative emotions and modulated by the stage of the outbreak—RA-CTs predicted higher risk perception in the mild stage, whereas RR-CTs predicted lower risk perception in the severe stage.
Statistical mechanics of clock gene networks underlying circadian rhythms
Authors: Sun Lidan , Dong Ang , Griffin Christopher , Wu Rongling
Published: May 2021

All multicellular organisms embed endogenous circadian oscillators or clocks that rhythmically regulate a wide variety of processes in response to daily environmental cycles. Previous molecular studies using rhythmic mutants for several model systems have identified a set of genes responsible for rhythmic activities and illustrated the molecular mechanisms underlying how disruptions in circadian rhythms are associated with the sort of aberrant cell cycling. However, the wide use of these forward genetic studies is impaired by a limited number of mutations that can be identified or induced only in a single genome, limiting the identification of many other conserved or non-conserved clock genes. Genetic linkage or association mapping provides an unprecedented glimpse into the genome-wide scanning and characterization of genes underlying circadian rhythms. The implementation of sophisticated statistical models into genetic mapping studies can not only identify key clock genes or clock quantitative trait loci (cQTL) but also, more importantly, reveal a complete atlas of the genetic control mechanisms constituted by gene interactomes. Here, we introduce and review an advanced statistical mechanics framework for coalescing all possible clock genes into intricate but well-organized interaction networks that regulate rhythmic cycles. The application of this framework to widely available mapping populations will reshape and further our understanding of the genetic signatures behind circadian rhythms for an enlarged range of species including microbes, plants, and humans.
Bone tissue engineering via application of a collagen/hydroxyapatite 4D-printed biomimetic scaffold for spinal fusion
Authors: Hwangbo Hanjun , Lee Hyeongjin , Roh Eun Ji , Kim WonJin , Joshi Hari Prasad , Kwon Su Yeon , Choi Un Yong , Han In-Bo , Kim Geun Hyung
Published: May 2021

The fabrication of biomimetic scaffolding is a challenging issue in tissue engineering. Scaffolds must be designed with micrometer precision to enable cell proliferation and tissue growth, requiring customization based on the type of tissue being developed. Biomimetic scaffolds have attracted interest for their potential in spinal fusion applications. By providing a structured environment to promote osteogenesis, these materials offer a robust and minimally invasive means to fuse vertebrae. The present study describes the successful preparation of a biomimetic collagen/hydroxyapatite hierarchical scaffold, with each strut having several microchannels via 3D printing, leaching, and coating processes (i.e., one-way shape morphing, 4D printing). The biophysical properties of the scaffold were analyzed, as were its various cellular activities, using human adipose stem cells. This biomimetic microchannel scaffold demonstrated great potential for osteogenic activities in vitro and significantly increased new bone formation and ingrowth of blood vessels in vivo in a mouse model of posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that the microchannel collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffold could act as a potential bone graft substitute to promote high rates of successful fusion.
Wavefront engineering for controlled structuring of far-field intensity and phase patterns from multimodal optical fibers
Authors: Collard Liam , Pisano Filippo , Pisanello Marco , Balena Antonio , De Vittorio Massimo , Pisanello Ferruccio
Published: May 2021

Adaptive optics methods have long been used to perform complex light shaping at the output of a multimode fiber (MMF), with the specific aim of controlling the emitted beam in the near field and enabling the realization of a new generation of endoscopes based on a wide variety of spectroscopic techniques. Gaining control of other emission properties, including the far-field pattern and the phase of the generated beam, would open up the possibility for multimode fibers to act as miniaturized multi-beam steering components and to implement phase-encoded imaging and sensing. In this study, we employ phase modulation using a spatial light modulator at the input of a multimode fiber to generate multiple, low divergence rays with controlled angles and phase at the fiber output. Direct measurement of the output angle and the divergence and phase of the generated beams show how wavefront engineering can be employed to perform complex far-field structuring of the emission of a MMF.
p-n heterojunctions composed of two-dimensional molecular crystals for high-performance ambipolar organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Yao Jiarong , Tian Xinzi , Yang Shuyuan , Yang Fangxu , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping
Published: May 2021

Bilayer p-n heterojunctions are promising structures to construct ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (aOFETs) for organic integrated circuits. However, due to the lack of effective strategies for high-quality p-n heterojunctions with clear interfaces, the performance of aOFETs is commonly and substantially lower than that of their unipolar counterparts, which hinders the development of aOFETs toward practical applications. Herein, a one-step solution crystallization strategy was proposed for the preparation of high-quality bilayer p-n heterojunctions. A mixed solution of a p- and an n-type organic semiconductor was dropped on a liquid substrate, and vertical phase separation occurred spontaneously during crystallization to produce bilayer p-n heterojunctions composed of molecularly thin two-dimensional molecular crystals. Due to the clear interface of the bilayer p-n heterojunctions, the maximum mobility (average mobility) reached 1.96 cm2 V−1 s−1 (1.12 cm2 V−1 s−1) for holes and 1.27 cm2 V−1 s−1 (0.61 cm2 V−1 s−1) for electrons in ambient air. So far as we know, these values were the highest among double-channel aOFETs measured in ambient air. This work provides a simple yet efficient strategy to construct high-quality bilayer p-n heterojunctions, which lays a foundation for their application in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Partitioning of 1,2-dichlorobenzene onto organic and inorganic aerosols
Authors: Ahn Jeonghyeon , Rao Guiying , Vejerano Eric
Published: May 2021

Environmental context Contaminants adsorbed in aerosols are transported and deposited effectively to the respiratory system compared to their vapours. Measuring the extremely low concentration of highly volatile contaminants contained in aerosols is challenging; hence assessing their adverse effects on environmental and human health is less understood. The measured concentrations of these contaminants are similar to less volatile chemicals sampled from diverse environmental aerosols, suggesting that their contribution cannot be neglected. Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are not expected to partition onto aerosols because of their high vapour pressure. Studies on gas–aerosol partitioning of VOCs have been limited because of the challenge in discriminating the small mass fraction of the VOCs in the aerosol relative to that in the gas phase. Here, we developed a bench-scale system to investigate the partitioning of a surrogate VOC, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB), into inorganic and organic aerosols under different relative humidities (RHs) and temperatures. The partitioning coefficient (Kip) of 1,2-DCB into succinic acid (SA) aerosol was ~10× higher than those into ammonium sulfate (Am Sulf) aerosol. These Kip corresponded to 0.23–3.27 pg 1,2-DCB µg−1 of SA aerosol and 0.02–3.82 pg 1,2-DCB µg−1 of Am Sulf aerosol for RH levels of 5–95 %. Sorption of 1,2-DCB onto Am Sulf aerosol followed the classic relationship between Kip and RH, whereas that onto SA did not. For Am Sulf aerosols, RH levels exceeding 50 % have a negligible effect on partitioning, in which the extremely low amount of 1,2-DCB partitioned into the aerosol via dissolution. The octanol–air partition (KOA) model predicted the Kip of 1,2-DCB for SA aerosol better than the saturated vapour pressure partition (Pi0) model, whereas the Pi0 model predicted Kip better than the KOA model only when absorptive partitioning was considered.
Research progress on the effect of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on reproductive health at different periods in life
Authors: Wang Haiying , Yang Xinxin , Li Jiashuo , Qi Zhipeng , Liu Bingchen , Liu Wei , Xu Bin , Xu Zhaofa , Deng Yu
Published: May 2021

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a representative endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that has reproductive, developmental, neurological and immune toxicity in humans and rodents, of which damage to the reproductive system is the most serious. However, exposure to DEHP at different stages of life may produce different symptoms. Studies on this substance are also controversial. This review describes the reproductive effects of DEHP in males and females at different life stages, including infancy, childhood and adulthood.
Paris-Brest de Tanguy Viel
Authors: Rihs Alain
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the argumentative function of evidential markers in Viel’s novel Paris-Brest. We argue that the combination between reported speeches and evidentials allows the internal narrator to build contexts where his moral responsibility is successfully denied. More specifically, we analyse the expressive effects conveyed by the different types of the evidentials he resorts to in terms of epistemic commitment and reliability.
Comment on ‘Analytic solutions for vibrational energy levels of the pseudoharmonic potential’
Authors: Fernández Francisco M
Published: May 2021

We argue that the pseudoharmonic potential provides an unsuitable description of the interatomic potential-energy function of a diatomic molecule because of its wrong behaviour at origin and infinity and because it does not predict dissociation. In addition to it, the level spacing stemming from this model does not match the well known vibration-rotation spectrum of a diatomic molecule. We also show that the author derived a nonsensical nonrelativistic schrödinger equation for a diatomic molecule in a magnetic field and failed to solve it correctly. The dependence of the resulting energy levels on the angle between the vector position and the magnetic field is a result of a gross mistake.
Constraints on bimetric gravity. Part II. Observational constraints
Authors: Högås Marcus , Mörtsell Edvard
Published: May 2021

Ghost-free bimetric gravity is a theory of two interacting spin-2 fields, one massless and one massive, in addition to the standard matter particles and fields, thereby generalizing Einstein's theory of general relativity. To parameterize the theory, we use five observables with specific physical interpretations. We present, for the first time, observational constraints on these parameters that: (i) apply to the full theory, (ii) are consistent with a working screening mechanism (i.e., restoring general relativity locally), (iii) exhibit a continuous, real-valued background cosmology (without the Higuchi ghost). For the cosmological constraints, we use data sets from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, and type Ia supernovae. Bimetric cosmology provides a good fit to data even for large values of the mixing angle between the massless and massive gravitons. Interestingly, the best-fit model is a self-accelerating solution where the accelerated expansion is due to the dynamical massive spin-2 field, without a cosmological constant. Due to the screening mechanism, the models are consistent with local tests of gravity such as solar system tests and gravitational lensing by galaxies. We also comment on the possibility of alleviating the Hubble tension with this theory.
Lifshitz scaling, ringing black holes, and superradiance
Authors: Oshita Naritaka , Afshordi Niayesh , Mukohyama Shinji
Published: May 2021

We investigate the ringdown waveform and reflectivity of a Lifshitz scalar field around a fixed Schwarzschild black hole. The radial wave equation is modified due to the Lorentz breaking terms, which leads to a diversity of ringdown waveforms. Also, it turns out that Lifshitz waves scattered by the Schwarzschild black hole exhibit superradiance. The Lorentz breaking terms lead to superluminal propagation and high-frequency modes can enter and leave the interior of the Killing horizon where negativity of energy is not prohibited. This allows the Lifshitz waves to carry out additional positive energy to infinity while leaving negative energy inside the Killing horizon, similar to the Penrose process in the ergosphere of a Kerr spacetime. Another interesting phenomenon is emergence of long-lived quasinormal modes, associated with roton-type dispersion relations.
These effects drastically modify the greybody factor of a microscopic black hole, whose Hawking temperature is comparable with or higher than the Lifshitz energy scale.
Spectral shape of quasi-monochromatic radiation from electron colliding with tightly focused laser pulses
Authors: Zhuang Jiawei , Wang Yiqiu , Wang Conglin , Cai Yunfeng , Tian Youwei
Published: May 2021

We theoretically investigate spectra of emitted light in nonlinear Thomson backscattering, which is generated during the head-on collision of the electron and the tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulse. With numerical analysis, a novel approach of generating quasi-monochromatic x-rays is obtained. By properly setting the electron–laser interaction point, limiting the laser intensity, and increasing pulse duration, the emission spectral bandwidth would be effectively narrowed without reducing the radiant energy of the electrons. In the end, the optimal situations for obtaining the quasi-monochromatic x-ray source are presented.
Survival probability of a run-and-tumble particle in the presence of a drift
Authors: De Bruyne Benjamin , Majumdar Satya N , Schehr Grégory
Published: May 2021

We consider a one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle, or persistent random walk, in the presence of an absorbing boundary located at the origin. After each tumbling event, which occurs at a constant rate γ, the (new) velocity of the particle is drawn randomly from a distribution W(v). We study the survival probability S(x, t) of a particle starting from x ⩾ 0 up to time t and obtain an explicit expression for its double Laplace transform (with respect to both x and t) for an arbitrary velocity distribution W(v), not necessarily symmetric. This result is obtained as a consequence of Spitzer’s formula, which is well known in the theory of random walks and can be viewed as a generalization of the Sparre Andersen theorem. We then apply this general result to the specific case of a two-state particle with velocity ±v
0, the so-called persistent random walk (PRW), and in the presence of a constant drift μ and obtain an explicit expression for S(x, t), for which we present more detailed results. Depending on the drift μ, we find a rich variety of behaviors for S(x, t), leading to three distinct cases: (i) subcritical drift −v
0 < μ < v
0, (ii) supercritical drift μ < −v
0 and (iii) critical drift μ = −v
0. In these three cases, we obtain exact analytical expressions for the survival probability S(x, t) and establish connections with existing formulae in the mathematics literature. Finally, we discuss some applications of these results to record statistics and to the statistics of last-passage times.
Negative-temperature Fourier transport in one-dimensional systems
Authors: Baldovin Marco , Iubini Stefano
Published: May 2021

We investigate nonequilibrium steady states in a class of one-dimensional diffusive systems that can attain negative absolute temperatures. The cases of a paramagnetic spin system, a Hamiltonian rotator chain and a one-dimensional discrete linear Schrödinger equation are considered. Suitable models of reservoirs are implemented to impose given, possibly negative, temperatures at the chain ends. We show that a phenomenological description in terms of a Fourier law can consistently describe unusual transport regimes where the temperature profiles are entirely or partially in the negative-temperature region. Negative-temperature Fourier transport is observed both for deterministic and stochastic dynamics and it can be generalized to coupled transport when two or more thermodynamic currents flow through the system.
Status and Plans for the NA64 Experiment
Authors: Bernhard J.
Published: May 2021

The NA64 experiment at the CERN North Area searches for dark matter production via both visible and invisible decays of sub-GeV vector mediators, such as the dark photon A′. In a first data taking period from 2016-2018, A′ generation from the reaction e Z → e Z A′ and subsequent decays

A
′

→
χ

χ
¯

and A′ → e+e− was studied with the help of an active dump set-up using 100 GeV/c and 150 GeV/c electrons. Recently, an extension of the performed searches was proposed using a 150 GeV/c muon beam, available at the M2 beamline at CERN. These measurements would allow for additional coverage of parameter space towards higher A′ masses and would open the possibility for searches for a new gauge boson Z
μ
that would couple predominantly to the second and third lepton generations. We will present both the analysis of the available NA64 data as well as future plans for searches with muon and electron beams that are proposed within the “Physics Beyond Colliders” framework at CERN, including optimisation of the M2 optics and integration studies for implementing NA64
μ
in the EHN2 experimental area.
The Utilization of GGMplus Data Using Derivative Method and 3D Modeling of Subsurface Structure for Trienggadeng Fault Identification in Pidie Jaya, Aceh Region
Authors: Akhadi M , Harahap D , Subakti H , Wandono
Published: May 2021

The Pidie Jaya, Aceh earthquake occurred on December 7th, 2016 that caused damage to the northern coastal area. This event was caused by a local fault (Trienggadeng Fault). The existence of this fault is close to settlements so we need the mitigation efforts to reduce the casualties and material loss. One of those efforts is mapping the fault location by using the gravity method that is sensitive to subsurface rock density changes. In this study, we used GGMplus gravity data then processed with derivative analysis (First Horizontal Derivative and Second Vertical Derivative) to determine the location and type of fault. By performing the slices, we found that this fault is oblique with strike-slip dominant tends to reverse fault. The azimuth discovered through fault position traces that the value is 47.5°. Then, we use 3D inversion modeling to obtain a subsurface structure model. The average density is 2.3 g/cm3. The model shows a distribution of limestone and sandstone sedimentary rocks reaches a 4 km depth. The clay sediments follow the river flow. In the southern part, there are andesite and granite igneous rocks. The difference in rock density within 3 km and below indicates the existence of the Trienggadeng Fault.
Study the effect of insertion devices on electron beam properties by envelope method
Authors: Mashal A. , Kashani F.D. , Rahighi J. , Ahmadi E. , Marti Z. , Arranz O.J.
Published: May 2021

The presence of the insertion devices (IDs) in a storage ring impacts the electron beam properties in different ways. Passing the electrons through the ID changes the betatron tunes, betatron amplitude function, and equilibrium parameters like emittance and energy spreads. The expression of equilibrium parameters in terms of radiation integrals is a common method for computing the effect of IDs on beam parameters. The effect of coupling is not included in the radiation integral method, so it is expected that in the case of using elliptically polarized undulators or modeling the real lattice with errors, this method could not express the beam parameters precisely. On the other hand, the equilibrium distribution of the electron beam and its related parameters could be determined directly by the envelope method. The envelope formalism is the most accurate method to compute the beam properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of IDs and lattice errors on beam parameters with both radiation integral and envelope methods. The results show that the envelope method could project the effect of magnetic imperfection and induced coupling from IDs on beam parameters.
An improved trigger for Askaryan radio detectors
Authors: Glaser C. , Barwick S.W.
Published: May 2021

High-energy neutrinos with energies above a few 1016 eV can be measured efficiently with in-ice radio detectors which complement optical detectors such as IceCube at higher energies. Several pilot arrays explore the radio technology successfully in Antarctica. Because of the low flux and interaction cross-section of neutrinos it is vital to increase the sensitivity of the radio detector as much as possible. In this manuscript, different approaches to trigger on high-energy neutrinos are systematically studied and optimized. We find that the sensitivity can be improved substantially (by more than 50% between 1017 eV and 1018 eV) by simply restricting the bandwidth in the trigger to frequencies between 80 MHz and 200 MHz instead of the currently used 80 MHz to ∼ 1 GHz bandwidth. We also compare different trigger schemes that are currently being used (a simple amplitude threshold, a high/low threshold trigger and a power-integration trigger) and find that the scheme that performs best depends on the dispersion of the detector. These findings inform the detector design of future Askaryan detectors and can be used to increase the sensitivity to high-energy neutrinos significantly without any additional costs. The findings also apply to the phased array trigger concept.
Near future changes to rain-on-snow events in Norway
Authors: Mooney P A , Li L
Published: May 2021

Rain-on-snow (ROS) events occur primarily in cold climates such as high latitudes and high elevations where they pose a considerable threat to nature and society. The frequency and intensity of ROS events are expected to change in the future, but little is known about how they will change in the near future (mid-century) and their link to hydrological extremes (e.g. 95% high flows). Here we use kilometre-scale regional climate simulations over Norway, a ROS ‘hot spot’, to determine potential changes in ROS frequency and intensity in the middle of the century under RCP8.5. Analysis shows that ROS will intensify in the future and ROS frequency will increase at high elevations and occur less frequently at lower elevations. Furthermore, high-flows that coincide with ROS events are expected to increase in winter and autumn. In general, this study shows that ROS changes in winter and autumn are related to changes in rain while ROS changes in spring and summer are related to changes in the snowpack. Since rainfall in Norway is dominated by large scale processes in autumn and winter (e.g. North Atlantic storm tracks), it is likely that future changes in ROS climatology in autumn and winter are related to changes in the large scale atmospheric system. This contrasts with spring and summer when local-scale processes drive snowmelt and hence future changes to ROS in those seasons.
From Imbert–Fedorov shift to topologically spin-dependent walking off for highly confining fiber-guided twisted light
Authors: Fang Liang , Wang Jian
Published: May 2021

Light–matter interaction at dielectric interfaces usually manifests as spin-dependent correction to light propagation, known as classical Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shift or photonic spin Hall effect, ruled by the general spin–orbit interaction (SOI) of light. Even though vector wave equations and strong SOI-based perturbation theory in a wave picture can offer good solutions to describe the modal dispersion in optical fibers, it is difficult for all these to provide an intuitive insight into the walking off for twisted (or vortex) light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here we present a new perspective to the topologically spin-dependent modal splitting for the twisted light highly confined in optical fibers based on the classical IF shift on geometric optics. We verify this topologically IF-shift-based walking off by comparing the analytical results of modal splitting degrees with the solutions of eigen equation, and associate the longitudinal projection of IF shift with an interesting resonance of fiber Bragg gratings locked by the signs of SAM or OAM. This interpretation provides an insight supplement to describe light ray propagating in optical fibers together with both longitudinal Goos–Hänchen and transverse IF shift under the total internal reflection, and may benefit the development of nanoscale fiber-based light on optically classical or quantum communication and metrology.
A method for the measurement of mass and number of graphene oxide sheets in suspension based on non-spherical approximations
Authors: Crica Livia Elena , Dennison Thomas James , Guerini Elise Andrea , Kostarelos Kostas
Published: May 2021

Currently, particle analysis of 2D materials in suspension is commonly restricted to microscopic techniques in the dry state, and thus does not permit an accurate investigation of colloidal suspensions. Colloids in bulk can be assessed by light scattering and diffraction to investigate features such as their hydrodynamic size, charge and concentration. However, the main drawback of such techniques lies in the application of analytical and computational methods based on models assuming particle sphericity which are not representative for 2D materials. Resonance mass measurement (RMM) is a technique which can enable the analysis of 2D materials in suspension without the assumptions of spherical models. Here, we report the application of RMM to measure particle mass and concentration for three types of graphene oxide (GO) aqueous dispersions. Using micro- and nano-suspended resonating sensors, we were able to decipher gravimetric differences between GO and graphitic materials. Our results support the urge for proper definitions and standardisations of graphene based materials, and offer a new method of characterisation for 2D material colloids in liquid suspension.
Temporal and spatial assessment of gaseous elemental mercury concentrations and emissions at contaminated sites using active and passive measurements
Authors: McLagan David S , Osterwalder Stefan , Biester Harald
Published: May 2021

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and emissions at legacy contaminated sites represent poorly characterised components of global mercury (Hg) inventories. Here we apply both active (Tekran 2537A) and passive (MerPAS) sampling methods to comprehensively assess GEM concentrations and emissions across four dimensions (three spatial, one temporal) at a legacy contaminated site with elevated soil Hg. Concentrations are measured up to 37.4 (active) and 10.8 (passive) ng m−3, which represents enhancements of 23× and 7× above background (1.62 ng m−3), respectively. Temporal resolution of the sampling methods defines this difference (active: 5-min; passive: 44 days). Diurnal (active) GEM concentration patterns were highest in contaminated areas at night when low wind speeds compress the boundary layer. Passive sampling substantially improves the spatial characterisation of GEM concentrations both horizontally (highest GEM concentration in areas with elevated soil Hg) and vertically (improved vertical concentration gradient using telescopic sampling towers). Passive sampler deployments were used to generate a GEM emissions estimate (landfill-to-atmosphere) of 1.2 ± 0.6 kg yr−1 (or 310 ± 150 ng m−2 h−1). This study demonstrates how combining active (strength: temporal assessment) and passive (strength: spatial assessments) sampling improves the evaluation of GEM concentrations and emissions to the atmosphere at Hg contaminated sites across four dimensions.
Religiosity and Mental Wellbeing Among Members of Majority and Minority Religions: Findings From Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Aksoy Ozan , Bann David , Fluharty Meg E , Nandi Alita
Published: May 2021

It is unclear whether links between religiosity and mental health are found in contexts outside the United States or are causal. We examined differences in mental wellbeing and associations between mental wellbeing and religiosity among the religiously unaffiliated, White and non-White Christians, Muslims of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and other ethnicities, and other minority ethnoreligious groups. We used 4 waves of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2013; n = 50,922). We adjusted for potential confounders (including socioeconomic factors and personality) and for household fixed effects to account for household-level unobserved confounding factors. Compared with those with no religious affiliation, Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslims and members of other minority religions had worse wellbeing (as measured using the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and General Health Questionnaire). Higher subjective importance of religion was associated with lower wellbeing according to the General Health Questionnaire; associations were not found with the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. More frequent religious service attendance was associated with higher wellbeing; effect sizes were larger for those with religious affiliations. These associations were only partially attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding factors, including household fixed effects. Religious service attendance and/or its secular alternatives may have a role in improving population-wide mental wellbeing.
The Separation of Powers in The Principles of Constitutionalism
Authors: Sales Philip
Published: May 2021

Focusing on Barber’s account of the separation of powers, this essay questions the solidity of the foundations for the constitutional principles he articulates. It argues that his attempt at universalism and his account of the substantive content of the principles come apart. Barber’s attempt to ground universal principles in an account of the nature of the state is questionable, because that account is too thin. In making the conception of the state thick enough to ground the substantive content of his principles, Barber implicitly draws upon particularistic aspects of western liberal constitutional culture. Specific constitutional principles are inevitably grounded in particular legal and constitutional cultures. A primary object of a state is to maintain legitimacy as regards its citizens and an object of the institutions which comprise the state is to maintain legitimacy in the eyes of each other. In a complex and changing world there is no simple or single recipe for this.
Screening and characterization of a novel reversible 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid decarboxylase from Cystobasidium slooffiae HTK3
Authors: Aono Riku , Yoshihara Tomoya , Nishida Hotaka , Kino Kuniki
Published: May 2021

Owing to carboxylation activity, reversible decarboxylases can use CO2 as a C1-building block to produce useful carboxylic acids. Although many reversible decarboxylases can synthesize aromatic monocarboxylic acids, only a few reversible decarboxylases have been reported to date that catalyze the synthesis of aromatic dicarboxylic acids. In the present study, a reversible 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid decarboxylase was identified in Cystobasidium slooffiae HTK3. Furthermore, recombinant 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid decarboxylase was prepared, characterized, and used for 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid production from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
TieBrush: an efficient method for aggregating and summarizing mapped reads across large datasets
Authors: Varabyou Ales , Pertea Geo , Pockrandt Christopher , Pertea Mihaela
Published: May 2021

Although the ability to programmatically summarize and visually inspect sequencing data is an integral part of genome analysis, currently available methods are not capable of handling large numbers of samples. In particular, making a visual comparison of transcriptional landscapes between two sets of thousands of RNA-seq samples is limited by available computational resources, which can be overwhelmed due to the sheer size of the data. In this work, we present TieBrush, a software package designed to process very large sequencing datasets (RNA, whole-genome, exome, etc.) into a form that enables quick visual and computational inspection. TieBrush can also be used as a method for aggregating data for downstream computational analysis, and is compatible with most software tools that take aligned reads as input.

Availability and implementation

TieBrush is provided as a C++ package under the MIT License. Precompiled binaries, source code and example data are available on GitHub (https://github.com/alevar/tiebrush).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Initial Validation of a Brief Attachment Measure in a Sample of High School Students
Authors: Yampolskaya Svetlana , Massey Oliver Tom , Walker-Egea Connie
Published: May 2021

Attachment to a caregiver is considered a major component of youth well-being, but currently few measures are available to assess attachment in youths. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Connection to Caregiver (CtC) instrument, a measure of connection to a caregiver similar to the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). The study was driven by a need to assess connection to a caregiver and the appeal of creating a scale from an existing survey that allows a great deal of longitudinal research on already existing data. The psychometric properties of the new measure, which consists of a set of items used in the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being study, were examined among high school students. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor model showed excellent fit. Concurrent validity of the CtC with the equivalent subscales of the IPPA and convergent validity of each of the scales with the depressive symptoms were good. The results suggest that the CtC instrument is a valid tool for use in research with adolescents.
Real-world performance and accuracy of stress echocardiography: the EVAREST observational multi-centre study
Authors: Woodward William , Dockerill Cameron , McCourt Annabelle , Upton Ross , O'Driscoll Jamie , Balkhausen Katrin , Chandrasekaran Badrinathan , Firoozan Soroosh , Kardos Attila , Wong Kenneth , Woodward Gary , Sarwar Rizwan , Sabharwal Nikant , Benedetto Elena , Spagou Nancy , Sharma Rajan , Augustine Daniel , Tsiachristas Apostolos , Senior Roxy , Leeson Paul ,   the EVAREST Investigators,   EVAREST Investigators, Boardman Henry , d’Arcy Joanna , Abraheem Abraheem , Banypersad Sanjay , Boos Christopher , Bulugahapitiya Sudantha , Butts Jeremy , Coles Duncan , Easaw Jacob , Hamdan Haytham , Jamil-Copley Shahnaz , Kanaganayagam Gajen , Mwambingu Tom , Pantazis Antonis , Papachristidis Alexandros , Rajani Ronak , Rasheed Muhammad Amer , Razvi Naveed A , Rekhraj Sushma , Ripley David P , Rose Kathleen , Scheuermann-Freestone Michaela , Schofield Rebecca , Sultan Ayyaz
Published: May 2021

Aims

Stress echocardiography is widely used to identify obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). High accuracy is reported in expert hands but is dependent on operator training and image quality. The EVAREST study provides UK-wide data to evaluate real-world performance and accuracy of stress echocardiography.

Methods and results

Participants undergoing stress echocardiography for CAD were recruited from 31 hospitals. Participants were followed up through health records which underwent expert adjudication. Cardiac outcome was defined as anatomically or functionally significant stenosis on angiography, revascularization, medical management of ischaemia, acute coronary syndrome, or cardiac-related death within 6 months. A total of 5131 patients (55% male) participated with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range 57–74). 72.9% of studies used dobutamine and 68.5% were contrast studies. Inducible ischaemia was present in 19.3% of scans. Sensitivity and specificity for prediction of a cardiac outcome were 95.4% and 96.0%, respectively, with an accuracy of 95.9%. Sub-group analysis revealed high levels of predictive accuracy across a wide range of patient and protocol sub-groups, with the presence of a resting regional wall motion abnormalitiy significantly reducing the performance of both dobutamine (P < 0.01) and exercise (P < 0.05) stress echocardiography. Overall accuracy remained consistently high across all participating hospitals.

Conclusion

Stress echocardiography has high accuracy across UK-based hospitals and thus indicates stress echocardiography is being delivered effectively in real-world practice, reinforcing its role as a first-line investigation in the assessment of patients with stable chest pain.