bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value of Preoperative Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Count Ratio (NLR) in Assessing the Prognosis of Postoperative Patients with Non-B non-C Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: chen wei , Tan Xiao-ping , fu ping , Jia Shou-wei
Published: April 2022

Background: The prognostic impact of the preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC) who undergo radical resection is unclear. This study elucidates the prognostic value of NLR in patients undergoing radical resection for NBNC-HCC.Methods: A total of 212 patients who were treated at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1998 to December 2007 were included in this study, and all patients underwent liver tumour resection and had postoperative pathological confirmation of HCC. The 212 patients were divided into four groups according to their NLR and HBsAg. The clinicopathologic and survival characteristics of the patients in Group 4 were compared with those in Groups 1-3.Results: There were statistically significant differences in age, drinking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, metabolic syndrome, ALT, AST, tumour size, and secondary tumour (P<0.05) between Group 1 (NBNC-AFP(-) vs. B-AFP(+)). The univariate analysis showed that NLR, BMI, drinking, AST, tumour size, secondary tumour and portal violation (P<0.05) were factors affecting the disease free survival (DFS) in postoperative HCC patients. A Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that tumour size and secondary tumour (p<0.05) were independent factors influencing DFS after surgery. The univariate analysis showed that BMI, AST, tumour size, secondary tumour and portal violation (p<0.05) were factors that affected both DFS and OS in NBNC-NLR (-)-HCC patients after surgery, and in addition, the multifactor analysis using a Cox model showed that NLR, secondary tumour and BMI (p<0.05) were independent influences on the postoperative DFS in patients with NBNC-NLR (-)-HCC. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the NBNC-NLR(-)-HCC patients had the highest rate of DFS among the four patient groups (p<0.05). The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year DFS rates for the NBNC-NLR(-)-HCC patients were 85.6%, 68.5%, 43.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The NBNC-NLR(-)-HCC patients had a higher postoperative DFS than the B-NLR(+)-HCCNBNC-NLR(+)-HCC and B-NLR(-)-HCC patients (p<0.05). The DFS rates at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years after surgery were 85.6%, 68.5%, 43.5% and 34.8% for the NBNC-NLR (-)-HCC group, respectively.Conclusion: The preoperative NLR is a valid prognostic indicator for patients with non-B non-C-HCC undergoing radical resection.
Mind the gap: Nodes of Ranvier are remodeled by chronic psychosocial stress and neuronal activity
Authors: Koskinen Maija-Kreetta , Laine Mikaela , Abdollahzadeh Ali , Gigliotta Adrien , Mazzini Giulia , Journee Sarah , Alenius Varpu , Trontti Kalevi , Tohka Jussi , Hyytiä Petri , Sierra Alejandra , Hovatta Iiris
Published: April 2022

Differential expression of myelin-related genes and changes in myelin thickness have been demonstrated in mice after chronic psychosocial stress, a risk factor for anxiety disorders. To determine whether and how stress affects structural remodeling of nodes of Ranvier, another form of myelin plasticity, we developed a 3D reconstruction analysis of node morphology in C57BL/6NCrl and DBA/2NCrl mice. We identified strain-dependent effects of chronic stress on node morphology, including elongation of paranodes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in DBA/2NCrl mice. Furthermore, chronic chemogenetic activation of the ventral hippocampus-to-mPFC pathway resulted in increased risk assessment behavior and shortened paranodes specifically in stimulated axons, providing a direct link between anxiety-like behavior and remodeling of the nodes. Altogether, our data demonstrate genetic regulation of nodal remodeling in stress and suggest an activity-dependent regulation of paranodes in anxiety-related circuits. Nodal remodeling may thus contribute to the aberrant circuit function associated with anxiety disorders.
Effects of Fatigue, Rumination Thinking and Sleep Quality on the Hopelessness of Advanced Tumour Patients‘ Family Caregiver
Authors: CAO Zhaoming , WANG Yingchun , ZHANG Huijun
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To explore the relationship between fatigue, rumination, sleep quality and hopelessness in family caregivers of patients with malignant tumor, and to provide theoretical basis for maintaining their physical and mental health. Methods: Caregivers of malignant tumor patients who met the inclusion criteria in three Grade-A hospitals in Liaoning Province were investigated with Beck hopelessness scale (BHS), fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14), Nolen-Hoeksema ruminative responses scale (RRS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the data, and Amos 22.0 was used to fit the structural equation model. Result: The main caregivers of patients with malignant tumor had a higher degree of hopelessness, and fatigue, sleep quality and rumination were positively correlated with the sense of hopelessness (r = 0.483-0.906; r = 0; P<0.05）; Fatigue and sleep quality can indirectly affect hopelessness through rumination thinkingn, and hopelessness has a direct effect on sleep. Conclusion: There are multiple action paths between fatigue and sleep quality, rumination thinkingn and hopelessness, which can maintain their physical and mental health and avoid hopelessness by improving their sleep quality, alleviating their fatigue and psychological counseling.
Automated Electrocardiogram Signal Quality Assessment Based on Fourier Analysis and Template Matching
Authors: Menon Kartikeya M. , Das Subrat , Shervey Mark , Johnson Matthew , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Levin Matthew A.
Published: April 2022

Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, which measure the electrical activity of the heart, are increasingly used to predict clinical outcomes via machine learning and artificial intelligence. [1-3] Raw ECG data can have a variety of interference artifacts which, if unattended to, can obscure or invalidate the results of machine learning algorithms. Current ECG de-noising routines focus primarily on how to purify ECG signals, but not on how to classify and excise regions of unusable voltage data. [4] Here we demonstrate a new method to quantitatively assess the quality of an ECG. We found that approximating a Fourier series to the QRS complex and cross-correlating this kernel sequentially with two-second intervals of the lead II ECG yields a metric that can be used to distinguish sections of data as low-or high-quality signal. The algorithm was developed on independently annotated ECG data, subdivided into two-second intervals (“epochs”), from ten patients admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital. It was found to be 99% sensitive and 98.9% specific in classifying epochs into either noise or signal in 1,000 test epochs. This algorithm can be used to accelerate machine learning modeling that uses ECG data and lower the burden of pre-processing in research. Given its memory and run-time efficiency (demonstrably O(n)), this routine can be an effective starting point for real-time and continuous evaluation of ECG data using machine learning.
Synchronicity and peer-reviewed assignments in online scientific writing training with limited resources: a four-arm blinded randomized controlled trial with one-year follow-up
Authors: Hanafi Ibrahem , Kheder Kheder , Sabouni Rami , Nafouri Maarouf Gorra Al , Hanafi Bayan , Alsalkini Marah , Kenjrawi Yazan , Albkhetan Huda , Halabi Marwan Al
Published: April 2022

Introduction:Syrian medical research synthesis is marginal compared to neighboring countries and faces numerous obstacles that have been intensified by the Syrian armed conflict. Perceived research barriers include the lack of mentorship and academic writing skills. We evaluate the outcomes of a peer-run academic writing and publishing workshop, and contrast training synchronicity and its supplementary peer-reviewed assignments. Methods:This randomized controlled trial studied an online workshop that targeted under- and post-graduate medical and paramedical students at all Syrian universities. Blinded participants were randomized into four arms; Two arms attended the workshop synchronously, and the others asynchronously. One arm in each group undertook peer-reviewed scientific writing exercises (active), while the other two self-reviewed the same exercises (passive). Objective knowledge and subjective confidence in the learnt skills were assessed before the workshop, and one month and one year after it.Results: One-hundred-twenty-one participants completed the workshop, which was effective in improving their knowledge (P<0.001) and confidence (P<0.001). The post-course measures of the synchronous and asynchronous groups were similar. Completing the assignments resulted in higher knowledge (P=0.005) and confidence (P=0.003) only in the active groups. Moreover, participants who joined the peer-review process gained higher knowledge (P<0.001). At one-year-follow-up, the participants showed stability of the objective and subjective gains.Conclusion:The investigated training was beneficial regardless of the methods of attendance (i.e., synchronicity). Participation in supplementary exercises, especially when associated with peer-review, improved knowledge and confidence. This workshop proves a utilizable effective cheap alternative to improve scientific writing skills with limited resources and expertise.
The functional use of the arms of patients with breast cancer after surgical treatment and their behaviors to prevent lymphedema
Authors: Çolak Hava , Kızılırmak Aynur , Karadağ Songul
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the functional use of the arms of patients with breast cancer after surgical treatment and their behaviors to prevent lymphedema.
Methods
The study was conducted with 125 patients. The data were collected by using the Individual Information Form and the Turkish version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire-DASH Problems. Chi square, Fisher exact and Independent-Samples t test were used for statistical evaluation of the data.
Results
Lymphedema was detected in 21% of the women with breast cancer after surgical treatment. There was no significant difference between exercise status and lymphedema development of the patients, but there was a significant difference between exercise duration and the presence of lymphedema (p < 0.05). The DASH mean score of the women in the study was found to be 25.57 ± 15.86. The patients with lymphedema had higher DASH score and had more arm weakness.
Conclusions
It is recommended that nurses give training and consultancy to women with breast cancer and inform patients to do the recommended exercises by regularly following up them after surgical treatment.
Association between Organochlorine Pesticides and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004
Authors: Sang Hyunji , Lee Kyu-Na , Jung Chang Hee , Han Kyungdo , Koh Eun Hee
Published: April 2022

While endocrine disruptors are emerging as a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), little is known about the link between NAFLD and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), one of the endocrine disruptors. We retrospectively analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004 conducted in the United States. Outcomes were differences in baseline demographics in participants with or without NAFLD, adjusted odds ratios for fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 60 according to OCP concentration, correlation between OCP exposure and each variable constituting FLI, comparison of liver enzyme levels by OCP substance, and the association between OCP exposure and hepatic fibrosis. Of the 1512 participants, 579 had FLI ≥ 60 and were deemed to have NAFLD. After adjusted logistic regression, oxychlordane showed a higher risk of NAFLD with increasing serum concentrations. p,p’-DDE and trans-nonachlor were not significantly correlated with NAFLD; for mirex, the highest prevalence of NAFLD was observed in the lowest concentration quartile. Among the OCPs, oxychlordane showed the most pronounced association with the levels of each component of FLI and liver enzymes. None of the OCPs were significantly associated with hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, among various OCPs, exposure to oxychlordane was significantly associated with the presence of NAFLD.
The Control Matrix
Authors: Barbini Francesco M. , Fioretti Guido , Vitali Beatrice
Published: April 2022

Matrix structures are generally designed and adopted in order to improve flexibility in spite of potential conflicts and substantial coordination costs. However, there exist hints that in some cases matrix structures, or at least portions of matrix structures, are adopted precisely in order to generate conflicts and competition that allow for better control.We approached this issue by means of a twofold investigation. First of all, we analysed the published organization charts of Forbes 2000 world’s largest firms. Secondly, we submitted a questionnaire to organizational consultants.Our findings suggest that, in some instances, the centralized functions of large multidivisional companies are used as additional authority lines that generate partial matrix structures. These structures make decision-making more difficult, but allow top management to exert greater control.JEL: L20, L22, L25
Effects of ketamine infusion on breathing and encephalography in spontaneously breathing ICU patients
Authors: Suleiman Aiman , Santer Peter , Munoz-Acuna Ronny , Hammer Maximilian , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Wachtendorf Luca J. , Rumyantsev Sandra , Berra Lorenzo , Chamadia Shubham , Johnson-Akeju Oluwaseun , Baedorf-Kassis Elias N. , Eikermann Matthias
Published: April 2022

Background: Preclinical studies suggest that ketamine stimulates breathing. We investigated whether adding a ketamine infusion at low and high doses to propofol sedation improves inspiratory flow and enhances sedation in spontaneously breathing critically ill patients.Methods: In this prospective interventional study, twelve intubated, spontaneously breathing patients received ketamine infusions at 5 mcg/kg/min, followed by 10 mcg/kg/min for 1 hour each. Airway flow, pressure, and esophageal pressure were recorded during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) at baseline, and during the SBT conducted at the end of each ketamine infusion regimen. SBT consisted of one-minute breathing with zero end-expiratory pressure and no pressure support. Changes in inspiratory flow at the pre-specified time points were assessed as the primary outcome. Ketamine-induced changes in gamma electroencephalogram power was the key secondary endpoint. We also analyzed changes in other ventilatory parameters respiratory timing, and resistive and elastic inspiratory work of breathing.Results: Ketamine infusion of 5 and 10 mcg/kg/min increased inspiratory flow (median, IQR) from 0.36 (0.29-0.46) L/s at baseline to 0.47 (0.32-0.57) L/s and 0.44 (0.33-0.58) L/s, respectively (p=0.013). Resistive work of breathing decreased from 0.4 (0.1–0.6) J/l at baseline to 0.2 (0.1–0.3) J/l after ketamine 10 mcg/kg/min (p=0.042), while elastic work of breathing remained unchanged. Electroencephalogram gamma power (19–44 Hz) increased compared to baseline (p<0.01).Conclusions: In intubated, spontaneously breathing patients receiving low-dose propofol, ketamine increased inspiratory flow, reduced inspiratory work of breathing, and was associated with an “activated” electroencephalographic pattern. These characteristics might facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation.
COVIDOA: A Novel Evolutionary Optimization Algorithm Based on Coronavirus Replication Lifecycle
Authors: Khalid Asmaa M. , Hosny Khalid M. , Mirjalili Seyedali
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm called Coronavirus Optimization Algorithm (COVIDOA). COVIDOA is an evolutionary search strategy that mimics the mechanism of Coronavirus when hijacking human cells. COVIDOA is inspired by the frameshifting technique used by the Coronavirus for replication. The proposed algorithm is tested using 20 standard benchmark optimization functions with different parameter values. Besides, we utilized 5 IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC) benchmark test functions (CECC06, 2019 Competition) and 5 CEC 2011 real-world problems to prove the proposed algorithm's efficiency. The proposed algorithm is compared to eight of the most popular and recent meta-heuristic algorithms from the state-of-the-art in terms of best cost, the average cost (AVG), corresponding standard deviation (STD), and convergence speed. The results demonstrate that COVIDOA is superior to most existing meta-heuristics.
Creating Interventions to Transition Long Lasting Insecticide Net Distribution in Ghana
Authors: Glozah Franklin , Asampong Emmanuel , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah , Nwameme Ada , Hornuvo Ruby , Chandi Gloria M. , Peprah Nana Yaw , Adongo Philip B. , Dako-Gyeke Phyllis
Published: April 2022

Objective
Mass Long Lasting Insecticide Net (LLIN) distribution campaigns are rolled out, as a part of the Ghana Malaria Strategic plan (2021–2025) which seeks to protect at least 80% of the population at risk with effective malaria prevention interventions. Although, the mass LLIN distribution campaign indicates a comprehensive stakeholder engagement approach, it does not systematically transition into the basic primary health care structures within the Ghana Health Services. This paper presents the process and outcome of creating an innovative social intervention, which focuses on community mobilization and capacity building of Community Health Officers.
Methods
This study employed a concurrent triangulation mixed methods approach conducted across six districts in Eastern and Volta regions, Ghana. Findings were synthesized, grouped, and further distilled to guide the participatory co-creation workshops. Co-creation involved participatory learning in action technique which is a practical, adaptive research strategy which enabled diverse groups and individuals to learn, work and act together in a co-operative manner.
Results
The results suggest the establishment of a Community Health Advocacy Team (CHAT). This would be necessary in efforts aimed at transitioning LLIN distribution campaign in communities. The role of the CHAT would be centred on key elements of community/social mobilisation and capacity building, all nested in a Social and Behaviour Change Communication strategies.
Conclusion
The research team is in the process of assessing the acceptability and feasibility of the CHAT intervention with all stakeholders in the various communities. Assessment of the effectiveness of the CHAT intervention would be done at a later time.
DNA damage and its association with the plasma Malondialdehyde levels among patients with Cervical Cancer-A case control study.
Authors: G Sankaranarayanan , SSSN Rajasekhar , Chaturvedhula Latha , Adole Prashanth S
Published: April 2022

Background/Objective:The purpose of the present study was to estimate the DNA damage using comet assay in patients with cervical cancer and to find out its correlation with the oxidative stress marker (Plasma Malondialdehyde, MDA) and to compare the parameters in cases with the age-matched controls.Materials and Methods:This study included 49 cervical cancer cases and 49 age-matched controls to measure the DNA damage parameters such as Comet length, head diameter, percentage of DNA in the comet head, tail length, percentage of DNA in comet tail using comet assay technique and the oxidative stress marker (Plasma Malondialdehyde) using TBARS ELISA method.Results:The comet parameters such as Comet length, tail length, percentage of DNA in comet tail, representing the DNA damage were significantly high in the cervical cancer cases than in the age-matched controls. The comet parameters such as Head diameter, the percentage of DNA in the comet head, representing the undamaged/mild DNA damage were significantly high in age-matched controls than in cervical cancer cases. A positive correlation between the plasma MDA and the comet tail length was observed.Conclusion:The increased levels of Comet parameters and their positive association with plasma MDA indicate the high level of DNA damage in cervical cancer patients than the controls. Such a combination of comet assay and estimation of plasma MDA can be used as a predictive test along with the existing methods such as PAP smear, etc., for early detection and risk assessment of cervical cancer in individuals who belonged to the age group of 30-39 years, with parity of two to four and had a history of the early age at first pregnancy with a positive family history of cervical cancer.
Carotene-enhanced Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass in Association with Regulation of Enzymatic Antioxidant Metabolism
Authors: Rossi Stephanie , Huang Bingru
Published: April 2022

Heat-induced leaf senescence has been associated with stress-induced oxidative damage. The major objective of this study was to determine whether exogenous application of β-carotene may improve heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera cv. Penncross) by suppressing leaf senescence and activating antioxidant metabolism. Plants were subjected to heat stress at 35/30 °C (day/night) or at the optimal temperature of 22/18 °C (day/night), and were treated with either β-carotene (1 mm) or water (untreated control) by foliar spraying every 7 days for 28 days in controlled-environment growth chambers. β-Carotene application suppressed heat-induced leaf senescence, as demonstrated by an increase in turf quality (TQ) and leaf chlorophyll content as well as a reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL). β-Carotene-treated plants had a significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and significantly greater activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) from 14 through 28 days of heat stress, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity from 21 through 28 days of heat stress. These findings suggest that β-carotene may promote heat tolerance by enhancing antioxidant activity to suppress leaf senescence.
LHEMANGIO-ENDOTHELIOME EPITHELIOIDE DU FOIE : A PROPOS DUN RARE CAS
Authors: S. Ouakri , M. Boutajanouit , K. Ahchari , A. Hamri , Y. Narjis , R. Benelkhaiat
Published: April 2022

Lhemangio-endotheliome epithelioide du foie est une tumeur primitive rare dorigine vasculaire de malignite intermediaire se situant entre lhemangiome benin et langiosarcome et devolutivite variable. Elle touche le plus souvent des adultes dÃ¢ge moyen et les signes cliniques ne sont pas specifiques. Latteinte est souvent multi-nodulaire pouvant mimer des metastases dune neoplasie primitive extra-hepatique et pouvant faire retarder le diagnostic. Le diagnostic anatomo-pathologique peut etre difficile, les lesions comportent un important stroma myxoide et le marquage immuno-histochimique apparait essentiel. Il existe pourtant quelques signes radiologiques evocateurs que le radiologue doit connaitre. Le pronostic est variable et le traitement de choix de lHEE est discute au cas par cas allant de la abstention therapeutique jusqua la transplantation hepatique. Nous rapportons un cas dhemangio-endotheliome epithelioide hepatique confirme histologiquement.
DOES EXISTING ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING INDEX BETTERTO ARTICULATE SHARIA VALUE?
Authors:   Associate Professor at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, Indonesia., Ika Mauliyah Nur , Nugroho Mulyanto ,   Professor of Accounting at Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia., Riyadi Slamet ,   Associate Professor at Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia.
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the Islamic Social Reporting index whether it reflects sharia value implementation within companies listed in Jakarta Islamic Index compare to Sustainability Reporting Award winner. Design/methodology/approach: Data was taken from companies listed in Jakarta Islamic Index and those whom awarded as first and second place in Sustainability Reporting Award. This research uses quantitative approach to test the consistency of Sharia index implemented in JII companies compare to Sustainable Reporting Awardee companies. Using content analysis, the hypothesis is test uses one sample t-test. Findings: This study shows that there is ISR disclosure index difference between JII and SRA awardee companies. The SRA awardee outperforms JII companies, which is claimed as sharia holding value in running the business. This paper contributes to stakeholder literature by reshape disclosure index based on the shariah value in relation to social responsibility practices. The findings are noteworthy to the investor that concern with sharia value implementation through concise and consistent sharia rules. This study provides insights to how Islamic organization manage sharia implementation by redesign its indexing using more advanced methodology as well as adapted instead of adopted other guidelines without sufficient methods. There are disclosure items that the company naturally does not want to disclose. So, it cannot be detected through the content of information disclosed by the company. As a result, measurements may become biased. Originality: This paper give additional insight that even sharia based assessment need to reconstruct its sharia methodology to provide fruitful information for investor. We recommend considering assessment method to reflect sharia value.
STOCK MANAGEMENT IN PHARMACY: USE AND INTEREST OF THE DASHBOARD
Authors:   Mohammed V University of Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy., Wafaa Enneffah , Ghita Berrada ,   Mohammed V University of Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy., Harti Jaouad El ,   Mohammed V University of Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy., Younes Rahali ,   Mohammed V University of Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy., Ahmed Bennana ,   Mohammed V University of Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy., Jamal Lamsaouri ,   Mohammed V University of Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy., Mohammed Adnane El Wartiti ,   Mohammed V University of Rabat, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy.
Published: April 2022

Background: The quality management system allows care structures to control the quality of care products and services by following carefully implemented indicators. In this wake, the dashboard and its indicators representa simple, fast and dynamic management tool. It makes it easier for its recipient to understand situations by presenting an overall idea of the managed system state. Our study aimed first to draw up an inventory concerning the use of the dashboard in pharmacies in a Moroccan city, and then to show its interest in the optimization of pharmacy stock management. Resources and procedures: We conducted a survey of fifty pharmacy stores in the city of Fez (Morocco) regarding the use of dashboards. Given that the stock represents a major issue of economic, organizational and social performance in pharmacy, we were interested in our study in the stock management dashboard. Results: 84% of surveyed pharmacies do not have a dashboard. In addition, all participants using a dashboard reported improvement of their stock management and expressed the need to further develop it and use it more often in the future. Conclusion: The dashboard is an interesting tool for optimizing stocks in pharmacies. In addition, its use requires the training of pharmacists and their collaborators.
VULNERABILITY GRADIENTS AND SPATIAL PATTERNS IN THE GREEK RURAL SPACE: DETECTING REQUIRING SMART SERVICES
Authors:   Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece., Anastasiou Evgenia , Ragazou Konstantina ,   Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece., Duquenne Marie-Noelle ,   Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece.
Published: April 2022

In Greece, rural depopulation is observed over time, reflecting a particularly unbalanced population distribution. In recent years, however, the economic crisis is leading to rapidly decreasing rates of urbanization, and relative revitalization of some rural areas. Considering the above, there is therefore the question of the resilience and attractiveness of rural areas, especially marginalized ones. The fundamental objective for ensuring their sustainability is the possibility of addressing the key social and economic needs of the local population, thus contributing to a minimum level of social integration and improvement of living standards. The main purpose of the present study is to introduce a typology for the marginalized rural areas in Greece, applied to the local administrative spatial level and more specifically to detect among those, the most vulnerable requiring the implementation of smart services. Based on the acknowledgment of territorial heterogeneity, the analysis is defined by a multidimensional data warehouse. In particular, spatial, societal, environmental, and cultural marginalities define the corresponding data collected. Multicriteria Analysis (Explanatory Factor analysis, Hierarchical analysis and Discriminant analysis) and spatial tools (GIS) identified the main types (spatial patterns) of Greek marginalized local administrative units. The implementation of this methodological tool aims at the evaluation and classification of the needs of local societies. The proposed research is an innovative approach to Greek data, in terms of scientific contribution to the identification of rural areas with new criteria and the emergence of smart services as rural resilience tools.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF PARENTS REGARDING ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN TREATING CHILDRENS UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN AL-MADINAH CITY
Authors:   Family Medicine Residant., Mubarak Almotairi Omar , Alsharief Manal ,   Family Medicine Consultant.
Published: April 2022

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are common in children and represent a significant cause of antibiotic abuse. Parents knowledge and attitudes often contribute to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and promoting antibiotics resistance. Aims and objectives: This study was conducted to assess parental knowledge and to identify their attitudes and practices related to antibiotic use in the treatment of childhood upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Methods: This crossâ€sectional study is conducted in Al-Madinahcity using validated and translated questionnaire which was distributed toattending parents in primary health care centers. Results: The results show that the Parents have moderate level of knowledge of the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in children. The majorityof parents (50.9%) correctly sated that respiratory infections are often caused by a virus and do not need antibiotics. In this study, the majority of parents (40.1%) sated that Antibiotics should be given to all children when they develop a fever (high temperature). 21.4% of the of parents indicate that Antibiotics do not have any side effects. Regard to Parents practice toward the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in children. The results of this study showed that (46.3%) 0f therespondents stated the most common symptoms leading to a visit to the physician is fever. n this study, (64.7%) of the of parents indicate that they thought that their physiciansprescribed antibiotics only because they asked him or her to do so. Also, (68.9%) of the of parents indicated that they asked the doctor directly to prescribe their child an antibiotic. Regard to Parents attitude about the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in children. The results of this study showed that moderate level of attitudeof the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in children(61.7%) of the parents stated that antibiotics are used too much and unnecessarily, And (28.8%) of the parents indicated that they would change pediatrician because he/she did not prescribe antibiotics for their child as you wanted. Conclusion:the findings of this study demonstrated that most of the participants were educated but misconceptions regarding antibiotic use in URTIs in children. This misconceptions led to inappropriate attitude and practice. Thus, launching public educational campaigns and encouraging physicians to educate parents regarding the proper use of antibiotics are recommended.
PREVALENCE OF LOW BACK PAIN AMONG MALE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN AL-MADINAH AL-MUNAWARA CITY IN 2021-2022
Authors:   Family Medicine Resident., Alharbi Majdi , Alghamdi Riyadh ,   Family Medicine Consultant.
Published: April 2022

Background:School teachers are at high risk of low back pain as a result of their work nature, which include long standing, prolonged sitting, bending their posture and preparing for lessons. Objectives:To estimate the prevalence and identify the associated factors of low back pain among male school teachers. Subjects And Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between October of 2021 and March of 2022 among secondary and high male school teachers working at Al-madinah Al- munawara city, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected by using the self-administered valid Arabic version of Oswestry Disability index questionnaire. Results:The study included 362 teachers. The age of 41.7% of them ranged between 41 and 50 years. The prevalence of low back pain among male teachers was 35.1%. Teachers aged between 51 and 60 years, those who sleep on the average <6 hours/day, more experienced teachers, those who work on the average <10 hours/week, and did not work standing most of the time were more likely to have LBP compared to others. Disability due to low back pain was moderate or severe among 14.1% and 2.8% of male school teachers, respectively. Conclusion:LBP is a relatively common problem among male teachers with a considerable proportion of them had moderate or severe disability.
STUDY OF THE THERMAL RESISTANCE OF HEAT TRANSFER IN TRANSIENT DYNAMIC REGIME IN AN INSULATING MATERIAL BASED ON TYPHA AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) CLAY: INFLUENCE OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT ON THE FRONT FACE
Authors:   Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal., Faye Seydou , Fadiame Thiam Mame ,   The Higher Institute of Professional Education (ISEP) of Matam., Ba Fatimata ,   Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to focus on the influence of local insulating materials in thermal insulation for a well-defined period. The material is a wall consisting of typha and clay. The main objective of this study is to see the behavior of the thermal resistance of the material as a function of the heat exchange coefficient at the front face. The typha and clay wall is modeled by applying the transient analytical method with the two-dimensional heat equation. This analytical resolution of the heat equation allows us to determine the detailed expression of the thermal resistance but also to visualize the curves of evolution of this resistance according to the depth under the influence of the heat exchange coefficient at the front side.
TO ERROR IS HUMAN, TO PERSIST IN ERROR IS DIABOLICAL:THE IMPORTANCE OF DOCUMENTATION IN MEDICAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Associate Professor Of Pediatrics, Maharajahs Institute Of Medical Sciences, Vizianagaram., Deve Varma B.S.K Chandra
Published: April 2022

The need of accurate documentation in safe practice cannot be overstated. The records kept by practicing doctors must be clear, accurate, and legible. The quality of clinical documentation contributes to the best possible care for the patient. Medical notes serve as a key conduit for communication between all individuals involved in the patients care, as well as with the patient and his or her family members. Medical records are becoming more and more important in medico legal disputes and litigation. Records may provide evidence for any claims that necessitate legal action, and this can happen months or even years after the incident, necessitating the requirement for accuracy. Data from clinical records can also be used for auditing and research. Medical records are also used to monitor hospital targets and performance. Deficient entries are caused by lack of knowledge, disinterest, habits, or a combination of these elements, putting both the patient and the doctor at risk. This may be due to the fact that education upon this issue is sporadic at best, and often non-existent.
Return and volatility spillovers between FTSE All-Share Index and S&P 500 Index
Authors: Bataineh Khaled
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the effect of the return and volatility spillover between the Standard and Poor’s 500 index and FTSE All-Share index using the AG-DCC_ Dynamic Conditional Correlation model over the sample period from April 1995 to April 2019. It demonstrates that the Standard and Poor’s 500 return and volatility are crucial in forecasting the market’s future dynamics of the FTSE All Shares where it finds a significant spillover effect for both return and volatility from the Standard and Poor’s 500 to FTSE All Shares, while weak evidence has been found in the opposite direction, that is, an insignificant spillover effect for both return and volatility from FTSE All Shares to the Standard and Poor’s 500. In addition, the paper also finds high Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) between both the Standard and Poor’s 500 and FTSE All Shares. Therefore, it finds asymmetric correlation and transmission mechanisms between the Standard and Poor’s 500 and FTSE All Shares, which means there is an asymmetric interconnectedness between two markets, so allocating assets between two markets will not benefit investor portfolios as investing in high-yielding shares do.
AZD4547 and the Alleviation of Hepatoma Cell Sorafenib Resistance via the Promotion
of Autophagy
Authors: Feng Yun , Zhang Dan , He Gaixia , Liu Yaping , Zhao Yan , Ren Xiaoyang , Sun Huanhuan , Lu Guifang , Zhang Zhiyong , Ren Li , Yin Yan , Li Hongxia , He Shuixiang
Published: April 2022

Background:

This study is part of a larger research effort to explore the molecular mechanism of hepatocellular
carcinoma, reduce drug resistance and seek new targets.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor receptor
inhibitor AZD4547 on Sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells.

Methods:

First, we constructed a Sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cell line Huh7R. Different groups of Huh7R cells were
treated with Sorafenib, AZD4547, Sorafenib combined with AZD4547, and normal saline. The cell viability was detected
by Cell Counting Kit-8. Then Fibroblast growth factor receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 were detected by Western
blot, as well as the LC3 II/I, Beclin1, and P62. In addition, we used the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine to
identify the mechanism of AZD4547 combined with Sorafenib for inducing Sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cell death.

Results:

We find that AZD4547 combined with Sorafenib significantly inhibited the viability of Sorafenib-resistant
hepatoma cell Huh7R. As for its mechanism, AZD4547 was able to inhibit fibroblast growth factor receptor activity,
promote autophagy and regulate immunity. AZD4547 increased LC3 II/I, Beclin1, and Toll-like receptor 4 proteins,
and decreased P62 protein level in Huh7R cells significantly when given in combination with sorafenib. Furthermore,
3-methyladenine inhibited autophagy and reversed the killing effect of the combination of AZD4547 and Sorafenib on
Huh7R cells.

Conclusion:

The inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor activity by AZD4547 can significantly enhance autophagy
and immune response, as well as promote the death of Sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells.
Effect of Magnesium Status on Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Raeesi Vajehallah , Samarghandian Saeed , Rezaei Maryam , Khazaei Reza , Mohaqiq Zabihullah , Farkhondeh Tahereh
Published: April 2022

Background:

There are several controversies regarding the association between serum
magnesium depletion and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective:

Therefore, this study aimed to assess serum magnesium concentrations in Type 2 diabetic
patients with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria in Birjand, Iran, in 2019.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 25 type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria were
enrolled as the case group and 25 type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria as the control
group. Both groups were matched for age, sex, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Blood samples
were obtained for serum magnesium measurement.

Results:

Our findings showed no significant difference between serum magnesium concentration
in the case and control groups (mean serum magnesium concentration for case group: 2.34 ± 0.35
mg/dl and control group: 2.27 ± 0.33 mg/dl). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis did not show
any correlation between serum magnesium levels and urine albumin levels in patients with microalbuminuria
versus patients with normoalbuminuria (r = 0.06, p = 0.67).

Conclusion:

This study did not indicate a correlation between serum magnesium concentrations
and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients.
Severe DILI in a Patient under Polypharmacy Including Rosuvastatin:
Diagnostic Challenges and Lessons from a Case Report Assessed Using the
Updated RUCAM Algorithm
Authors: Díaz-Orozco Luis , Quiroz-Compean Fernando , Aquino-Matus Jorge , Teschke Rolf , Méndez-Sánchez Nahum
Published: April 2022

Background:

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and the causative drug in patients under
polypharmacy medication represent a challenging diagnosis.

Case Report:

A 73 years old multimorbid man receiving polypharmacy, including rosuvastatin
among other drugs, presented with high values of alanine aminotransferase (950 U/L) and
aspartate aminotransferase (702 U/L), associated with a normal value of alkaline phosphatase (46
U/L), which turned out as DILI due to the hepatocellular injury type with an R-value of 29.8 as
calculated from liver test values. Causality for each drug was assessed using the updated RUCAM
(Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) prospectively. Causality for rosuvastatin and
diltiazem was highly probable based on a RUCAM score of 9, but no reports of DILI caused by
diltiazem were found. In addition, the causality grade for other drugs included in the patient’s
medication was “probable” based on a RUCAM score of 6 to 8. The patient experienced a
favorable outcome after discontinuation of all medication.

Discussion:

The medication history, as well as the prospective and proactive causality evaluation
by the updated RUCAM, helped establish the diagnosis of severe DILI by two highly suspected
causative drugs, considering also several drugs with a “probable” causality grade in this case.
Statins may cause direct damage to the liver, interact with other drugs, and enhance the
susceptibility to DILI caused by commonly safe drugs. Conclusion: In this case, the DILI was
caused by rosuvastatin as evidenced by a high score in the updated RUCAM, but a large number
of comedications may have a co-triggering effect.
The effect of diabetes exercise on the quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Maulida Nur Rachmawati , Prajitno Jongky Hendro , Sulistiawaty Nuniek Nugraheny
Published: April 2022

Physical inactivity and obesity are some of the main risk factors for diabetes mellitus (DM). The presence of DM might result in impaired quality of life (QoL). Our study aimed to firstly determine the association between diabetes exercise status and the QoL in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and secondly to explore other factors associated with QoL among T2DM patients. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design of T2DM patients in dr. Trimurti primary health care (PHC) from January – December 2019. The subjects were recruited consecutively then categorized into treatment group (who performed diabetes exercise program) and control group (who did not perform diabetes exercise program).  then observed as in the exercise group (who performed diabetes exercise program) and in the non-exercise group (who did not perform diabetes exercise program). The dependent variable was the QoL and was collected through a modified questionnaire made from 30 questions. The maximum score for QoL was 120 (all 4 on the Likert scale) and the score results were categorized as poor if the score was 96.5 and good if the score was 96.5. Meanwhile, other data (comorbidities, exercise status, glycaemic status) were obtained through medical records. A total of 60 adult T2DM patients were recruited, consisting of 30 subjects each in the non-exercise and exercise groups. Male subjects, aged 65 years, had bachelor's degrees, retired, married, had very high income, had no comorbidities, and exercised independently every week tended to have good QoL. In the exercise group, the majority of subjects (60%) performed diabetes exercise every two weeks and the majority (90%) had random blood glucose levels 200 mg/dL. The chi-square test revealed a significant associaton between participation in diabetes exercise and QoL in T2DM subjects. Participation in diabetes exercise is associated with good QoL and better glycemic control in T2DM patients.
Body fat levels and its negative correlation to apnea duration
Authors: Putra Kukuh Pambuka , Triandhini Rambu Lawu Nedi Kristanti Retno , Wicaksana Aditya , Messakh Sanfia Tesabela
Published: April 2022

Apnea ability is the main determining factor of freediving performance. Apnea relates to physiological factors that might be experienced by a free diver hence its ability is highly likely to correlate with various factors of human physiology. One of the suspected factors that affect apnea duration is body fat level. The fact that fat is distributed in almost all parts of the body, including respiratory organs and tracts, arises the suspicion of a possible correlation between fat accumulation and apnea ability. This research studies the correlation between body fat level and apnea duration. 30 males, aged 18-22 were the research participant. Body fat levels were measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer, while apnea duration was measured by the length of which the participants hold their breath while sitting silently in the pool. The obtained data were then analyzed using a series of tests: normality, correlation, and linear regression tests. Pearson Correlation test shows negative result (p0,05) with the value of correlation coefficient -0.611 which means negative correlation with medium strength. The result of the linear regression test also shows a similar value of 0.611. Meanwhile, the value of the determinant coefficient (R square) is 0.374 (37.4%). Based on the value obtained, it can be inferred that body fat levels have 37.4% influence on the duration of apnea, while the other 62.2% are influenced by a variety of other factors
Microfiltración tangencial: una tecnología innovadora para la obtención de jugos de fruta de alta calidad
Authors: Rodríguez Fonseca Pablo Emilio , Vaillant Barka Fabrice , Zuluaga Narváez Juan Diego , Madroñero Solarte Inés Amelia , Soto Vega Iris Leidy
Published: April 2022

La microfiltración por membranas (también conocida como microfiltración tangencial - MFT) es una técnica de estabilización “en frío” que permite la separación de los microrganismos para elaborar jugos estériles, de forma que se conserve el aroma original de las frutas y los compuestos bioactivos. Esta tecnología es adaptable a pequeña escala para la producción de jugos y ofrece varias ventajas sobre los procesos de separación tradicionales. Una de ellas es la alta selectividad basada en mecanismos de separación en los que se aplican temperaturas de funcionamiento moderadas que no afectan los biocompuestos, no se usan aditivos químicos y el diseño es compacto y modular, con bajo consumo de energía.