bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the Role of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha 2
(TRα2) in Human Physiology?
Authors: Paisdzior Sarah , Schuelke Markus , Krude Heiko
Published: March 2022

Thyroid hormone receptors are nuclear receptors that function as transcription
factors and are regulated by thyroid hormones. To date, a number of variants and
isoforms are known. This review focuses on the thyroid hormone receptor
α (TRα), in particular TRα2, an isoform that arises from
alternative splicing of the THRA mRNA transcript. Unlike the TRα1
isoform, which can bind T3, the TRα2 isoform lacks a ligand-binding
domain but still binds to DNA thereby antagonizing the transcriptional activity
of TRα1. Although a regulatory role has been proposed, the physiological
function of this TRα2 antagonism is still unclear due to limited in
vitro and mouse model data. Recently, the first patients with resistance
to thyroid hormone due to mutations in THRA, the TRα encoding
gene, affecting the antagonistic function of TRα2 were described,
suggesting a significant role of this particular isoform in human
physiology.
High Prevalence of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G Polymorphism among Patients with Venous Thromboembolism in Kerala, India
Authors: Tony Ann Maria , Vinod Vivek , Nambiar Vivek , Krishnan Sajitha , Biswas Lalitha
Published: March 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial clotting disorder in which inherited and environmental factors synergistically contribute to its pathogenesis. The aim of this case–control study was to analyze the prevalence of hereditary thrombophilic risk factors, provoking and non-provoking environmental risk factors in patients with VTE from Kerala, India. We have observed a low prevalence of factor V Leiden (7%), prothrombin G20210A (2%), and prothrombin G20030A (2%) mutations and a high prevalence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G (52%), PAI-1 4G/4G (24%) genotypes in the VTE patients (n = 147). Deficiency of anticoagulants, antithrombin (3.4%), and protein C (4.1%) was relatively low. None of the risk factors were observed in 17% of the patients. Majority of VTE patients were younger than 50 years with a median age of 43 years. In conclusion, our results indicate a high prevalence of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism among the VTE patients which is in concordance with previous studies in the Asian population. The PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism could be a potential biomarker for assessing VTE risk, particularly among the Indian population.
Sexuelle Bildung als neues Paradigma der Sexualpädagogik? Ein kritischer Einwurf
Authors: Mantey Dominik
Published: March 2022

Obgleich es theoretisch wenig ausgearbeitet ist, gilt das Konzept der Sexuellen Bildung als neues Paradigma der Sexualpädagogik. Bislang wird es wenig infrage gestellt. Der vorliegende Beitrag möchte diese Entwicklung problematisieren und Probleme aufzeigen, die aus dem Konzept der Sexuellen Bildung entstehen zu scheinen. Dafür wird das Konzept der Sexuellen Bildung zunächst kurz dargestellt anhand des für den Diskurs der letzten Jahre zentralen Textes von Karlheinz Valtl (2008). Im Anschluss wird im Vergleich zu einem Verständnis von (Sexual-)Erziehung aufgezeigt, welche Schwierigkeiten sich aus dem Paradigma der Sexuellen Bildung ergeben bzw. wie das Konzept verändert und erweitert werden müsste, um den intergenerationalen Umgang mit Sexualität angemessen zu erfassen. Ein zentrales Problem sieht der Autor dabei in der Ausblendung des sozialen Moments und der Vermittlungstätigkeit der Erziehenden durch das Konzept der Sexuellen Bildung. Ein weiteres Problem erkennt er in der unkritischen Übernahme der gesellschaftlichen Ideale der (sexuellen) Selbstverwirklichung und Selbstoptimierung.
Bridging Chlorine Atoms Enable the Construction of a Novel ­Benzimidazole-Derived Fluorescent Molecule
Authors: Yan Xiangyu , Jiang Bowen , Chen Cheng , Yuan Ye , Fan Guanggao , Zou Yu , Sang Wei
Published: March 2022

We have designed and prepared a novel benzimidazole-based fluorescent molecule through the construction of chlorine bridges. The structure of the molecule was authenticated by means of X-ray crystallography and its photophysical properties (absorption and fluorescence spectra) were investigated. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission of the molecule was rationalized through density functional theory calculations, which showed the influence of the bridging chlorine atoms on the energy levels and energy gap.
Acid-Mediated Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine Derivatives via Condensation of 2-Amino-3-formylchromones and 1-(Methylthio)-2-nitroenamine Derivatives
Authors: Li Zhong , Yang Hongchen , Zhang Lu , Xu Xiaoyong , Shao Xusheng
Published: March 2022

A convenient and effective protocol has been proposed for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives via the CF3SO3H-catalyzed annulation of substituted 2-amino-3-formylchromones and various 1-(methylthio)-2-nitroenamine derivatives. This method is time-efficient, convenient, high-yielding, and exhibits a good functional group compatibility.
Protective Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Plant on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats
Authors: Patel Jignesh I. , Kumbhani Monika , Raval Morvi M.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Ulcerative colitis is a global disease with increasing incidence and worldwide prevalence. So this study was undertaken to observe antiulcerative colitis activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Nelumbo nucifera plant on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.

Materials and Methods

The effect of ethanolic extract of N. nucifera seed (EENNS) was studied on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in albino Wistar rats for 11 days. Disease pathogenesis was assessed by evaluation of disease activity index (DAI) including the following parameters: change in body weight, stool constituency, rectal bleeding in animals. Estimation of myeloperoxide (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidant parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase level was performed in colon homogenate of animals. TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor- α) level was measured in colon homogenate using rat TNF-α ELISA kit.

Statistical Analysis

Significant differences (mean ± standard error of the mean) were detected using one-way analysis of variance followed by post-test using Graphpad prism 7.0 for multiple comparisons.

Results

EENNS (400 mg/kg) significantly improved the disease progression, body weight, and colon length of the animals as compared with the disease control group. Animal treated with EENNS (400 mg/kg) showed significantly improved colon mucosal damage index (1.66 ± 0.21) and DAI (11.66 ± 4.01) as compared with the disease control group. A higher level of SOD and catalase and a lower level of MDA were observed in animals treated with EENNS (400 mg/kg) as compared with the disease control group. Animals treated with EENNS (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased in NO and MPO levels as compared with the disease control group. A lower level of TNF-α (561.94 ± 14.84) was observed in EENNS (400 mg/kg)-treated animals as compared with the disease control group (736.92 ± 15.3). These observations were comparable to those of the standard control group. Histopathological data showed that EENNS (400 mg/kg) has shown reversal of tissue inflammation as compared with the disease group and evidence of less cell infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes with normal structures of goblet cell and crypts as compared with the disease group.

Conclusion

EENS (400 mg/kg) can decrease the severity of the UC produced by DSS. EENNS showed a protective effect against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis which may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Psychological Morbidities and Coping Styles: A Rural Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Comparative Study between Undergraduate Medical Students Undergoing Different Phases of Training
Authors: Garg Sunny , Chauhan Alka
Published: March 2022

Background

Psychological morbidities are high among undergraduate medical students. They experience the transition between pre-/para-clinical and clinical training as a stressful period, and cope differently. Research studies from India in this regard are lacking.

Aims

The aim of this study is to assess and compare the prevalence of psychological morbidities and their respective associated factors and coping styles between pre-/para-clinical and clinical undergraduate medical students.

Materials and Methods

This institution-based cross-sectional observational design study was conducted among undergraduate medical students (a total of 382) in pre-/para-clinical and clinical years by using a questionnaire in the period between April and June 2019. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The survey included standard self-administered questionnaires like General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and Lin–Chen's coping inventory to assess psychological morbidities and coping styles, respectively. Associated factors for psychological morbidities and coping styles between two groups were compared using the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

Out of the 382 responders, psychological morbidities (GHQ-28 score > 23) were found in 61% participants. Both groups reported high levels of psychological morbidities; a slightly higher preponderance in clinical (61.5%) than in pre-/para-clinical students (60.6%) with a nonsignificant difference. Compared with the pre-/para-clinical group, the clinical group was found to have more substance consumption behavior (p < 0.001), dissatisfaction with academic performance (p < 0.001), sought psychiatric consultation (p < 0.004), and at that time on psychiatric treatment (p < 0.04). Active problem coping behavior was more significantly used by the pre-/para-clinical group, while passive problem coping and passive emotional coping behaviors were positively significantly correlated with psychological morbidities in the clinical group.

Conclusion

This study suggests a significant correlation between psychological morbidities and passive coping styles in the clinical group. These students need interventions to encourage the use of more active coping styles during training to provide advances in future career. A strong correlation between psychological morbidities and dissatisfied academic performance may be a call for an efficient and more student-friendly curriculum.
Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based programmable digital emulator of vibratory microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes
Authors: Narang Sanjoli , Tallur Siddharth
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a hardware emulator of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscopes that can be used for characterization and verification of control/interface electronics by means of hardware-in-the-loop testing, thus speeding up design cycles by decoupling these tasks from the often longer MEMS design and fabrication cycles. The easily re-configurable hardware emulator is completely synthesized on a field-programmable gate array board. The emulator is shown to successfully model the Coriolis effect along with the prominent error sources present in typical MEMS gyroscopes, namely, quadrature error, spring nonlinearity, and thermo-mechanical, electronic, and environmental noise. Preliminary experimental results characterizing the noise and nonlinearity models based on a prototype with user-controllable device parameters synthesized on the Xilinx Zynq®-7020 SoC (Digilent ZYBO Z7 board) are presented.
Jet-driven viscous locomotion of confined thermoresponsive microgels
Authors: Tanasijević Ivan , Jung Oliver , Koens Lyndon , Mourran Ahmed , Lauga Eric
Published: March 2022

We consider the dynamics of micro-sized, asymmetrically coated thermoresponsive hydrogel ribbons (microgels) under periodic heating and cooling in the confined space between two planar surfaces. As the result of the temperature changes, the volume and, thus, the shape of the slender microgel change, which leads to repeated cycles of bending and elastic relaxation, and to net locomotion. Small devices designed for biomimetic locomotion need to exploit flows that are not symmetric in time (non-reciprocal) to escape the constraints of the scallop theorem and undergo net motion. Unlike other biological slender swimmers, the non-reciprocal bending of the gel centerline is not sufficient here to explain for the overall swimming motion. We show instead that the swimming of the gel results from the flux of water periodically emanating from (or entering) the gel itself due to its shrinking (or swelling). The associated flows induce viscous stresses that lead to a net propulsive force on the gel. We derive a theoretical model for this hypothesis of jet-driven propulsion, which leads to excellent agreement with our experiments.
Direct measurement of photocathode time response in a high-brightness photoinjector
Authors: Loisch Gregor , Chen Ye , Koschitzki Christian , Qian Houjun , Gross Matthias , Hannah Adrian , Hoffmann Andreas , Kalantaryan Davit , Krasilnikov Mikhail , Lederer Sven , Li Xiangkun , Lishilin Osip , Melkumyan David , Monaco Laura , Niemczyk Raffael , Oppelt Anne , Sertore Daniele , Stephan Frank , Valizadeh Reza , Vashchenko Grygorii , Weilbach Tobias
Published: March 2022

Electron photoinjectors provide high-brightness electron beams to numerous research applications in physics, chemistry, material, and life sciences. Semiconductor photocathodes are widely used here, as they enable the production of low-emittance beams with variable charge at high repetition rates. One of the key figures of merit of photocathodes is the minimum achievable bunch length. In semiconductor cathodes, this is dominated by scattering effects and varying penetration depths of the extracting photons, which leads to a characteristic electron emission function. We present a method to determine this cathode time response with resolution on the tens of femtoseconds level, breaking the resolution barrier encountered in previous studies. The method is demonstrated with cesium-telluride (Cs2Te) and gold cathodes, revealing response times of (184 ± 41) fs up to (253 ± 58) fs for the semiconductor and an upper limit of (93 ± 17) fs for the metal. Monte Carlo simulations of Cs2Te emission benchmarked to these results give detailed information about the cathode material.
Design and characterization of a cryogenic linear Paul ion trap for ion–neutral reaction studies
Authors: Miossec Chloé , Hejduk Michal , Pandey Rahul , Coughlan Neville J. A. , Heazlewood Brianna R.
Published: March 2022

Ultra-high vacuum conditions are ideal for the study of trapped ions. They offer an almost perturbation-free environment, where ions confined in traps can be studied for extended periods of time—facilitating precision measurements and allowing infrequent events to be observed. However, if one wishes to study processes involving molecular ions, it is important to consider the effect of blackbody radiation (BBR). The vast majority of molecular ions interact with BBR. At 300 K, state selection in trapped molecular ions can be rapidly lost (in a matter of seconds). To address this issue, and to maintain state selectivity in trapped molecular ions, a cryogenic ion trap chamber has been constructed and characterized. At the center of the apparatus is a linear Paul ion trap, where Coulomb crystals can be formed for ion–neutral reaction studies. Optical access is provided, for lasers and for imaging of the crystals, alongside ion optics and a flight tube for recording time-of-flight mass spectra. The ion trap region, encased within two nested temperature stages, reaches temperatures below 9 K. To avoid vibrations from the cryocooler impeding laser cooling or imaging of the ions, vibration-damping elements are explicitly included. These components successfully inhibit the coupling of vibrations from the cold head to the ion trap—confirmed by accelerometer measurements and by the resolution of images recorded at the trap center (at 9 and 295 K). These results confirm that the cryogenic ion trap apparatus meets all requirements for studying ion–neutral reactions under cold, controlled conditions.
Investigating the sensitivity of mineral aggregate size on the dielectric response of asphalt concrete based on a multiscale experiment
Authors: Zhai Yingying , Zhong Yanhui , Zhang Bei , Li Xiaolong
Published: March 2022

Investigation of the dielectric properties of asphalt pavement materials is critical for the application of the ground penetrating radar non-destructive testing techniques. This study focused on the effect of each part with different particle sizes in mineral aggregates on the bulk dielectric response of asphalt concrete materials. Multiscale experiments were conducted with different mineral aggregate particle mixtures (mastic, mortar, and asphalt concrete materials). By combining the multi-scale test data and micromechanical method, the sensitivity of the mineral’s aggregate size, including the size effect induced by the interface behaviors of the asphalt–mineral aggregate, was analyzed. The results indicate that (i) the dielectric response of asphalt concrete is mainly dominated by its mineral aggregates, and the particle size is one of the main factors affecting the polarization of asphalt–particle mixtures; (ii) the interface effects increase the polarization of the filler and fine aggregates in asphalt; and (iii) the cumulative effect of unit volume of the filler and fine aggregate on the overall dielectric response of the asphalt mixture, i.e., the cumulative weight, shows a natural logarithmic growth.
Tunable electronic properties and band alignments of MoSi2N4/GaN and MoSi2N4/ZnO van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Ng Jin Quan , Wu Qingyun , Ang L. K. , Ang Yee Sin
Published: March 2022

Van de Waals heterostructure (VDWH) is an emerging strategy to engineer the electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) material systems. Motivated by the recent discovery of MoSi2N4-a synthetic septuple-layered 2D semiconductor with exceptional mechanical and electronic properties, we investigate the synergy of MoSi2N4 with wide-bandgap (WBG) 2D monolayers of GaN and ZnO using first-principle calculations. We find that MoSi2N4/GaN is a direct bandgap type-I VDWH, while MoSi2N4/ZnO is an indirect bandgap type-II VDWH. Intriguingly, by applying an electric field or mechanical strain along the out-of-plane direction, the band structures of MoSi2N4/GaN and MoSi2N4/ZnO can be substantially modified, exhibiting rich transitional behaviors, such as the type-I-to-type-II band alignment and the direct-to-indirect bandgap transitions. These findings reveal the potentials of MoSi2N4-based WBG VDWH as a tunable hybrid materials with enormous design flexibility in ultracompact optoelectronic applications.
Fabrication of Fe(Te,Se) films added with oxide or chalcogenide: Influence of added material on phase formation and superconducting properties
Authors: Horide Tomoya , Katagiri Hiromu , Ichinose Ataru , Matsumoto Kaname
Published: March 2022

Incorporation of a dopant, an impurity, and a non-superconducting second phase in superconducting films is an important approach to control the superconducting property. In spite of extensive studies on the oxide superconducting nanocomposite films, the influence of additive materials on the phase formation and nanostructure is unclear in the iron based superconducting chalcogenide, Fe(Te,Se). Here, the incorporation of oxide or chalcogenide in Fe(Te,Se) films using pulsed laser deposition was investigated. When TiO2, Fe2O3, Yb2O3, CeO2, Nb2O5, SnSe, or SnTe was added, c axis oriented Fe(Te,Se) films were not formed. On the other hand, c axis oriented Fe(Te,Se) films were obtained when SrTiO3 was added at the content of 3–10 areal% and the deposition temperature of 400–550 °C. While a characteristic nanostructure originating from SrTiO3 was not observed for the small SrTiO3 content (3%), the nanocomposite structure comprising of nanocolumns was formed for the large SrTiO3 content (10%). The critical temperature was 8.2–8.6 K in the Fe(Te,Se) + SrTiO3(3%) thin films deposited at 500 °C, while the critical temperature was ∼10 K in the Fe(Te,Se) films. The irreversibility curve behavior was varied by the structural change in the natural pinning centers, which resulted from the SrTiO3 addition, while the pinning effect by the nanocomposite structure was concealed by the Tc degradation in the case of the large amount of SrTiO3 addition. Considering the dependence of the film structure on the additive material and the incorporation content, the superconducting properties of Fe(Te,Se) films should be designed.
Optimum inclusion rate of barley in diets of meat chickens: an incremental and practical program
Authors: Toghyani M. , Macelline S. P. , Greenhalgh S. , Chrystal P. V. , Selle P. H. , Liu S. Y.
Published: March 2022

Context Barley can be included in poultry diets as a cost-effective energy-contributing ingredient. However, its inclusion in meat chicken diets is limited because it is considered a viscous grain due to high crude fibre and soluble non-starch polysaccharide contents. Aims The study quantified the optimum inclusion rate of barley in meat chicken diets during different growing phases, using an incremental program. Methods Eight dietary treatments followed a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of barley inclusion to a wheat-based diet, and a nil-barley control, with or without β-glucanase supplementation. Barley was initially included at 0% (low), 7.5% (medium) and 15% (high) in starter diets (Days 1–9), scaling up by 7.5% for each level in grower (Days 9–21), finisher (Days 23–35) and withdrawal (Days 35–42) diets. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six replicate pens of 18 chicks. On Day 42, four birds per replicate pen were euthanised to determine carcass yield and collect digesta. Key results During the starter period, a significant (P < 0.05) barley × β-glucanase interaction resulted in lower bodyweight gain (8%) and higher feed conversion ratio (8.5 points) at 15% barley inclusion without β-glucanase, whereas performance was restored with β-glucanase supplementation. No treatment interaction was apparent on growth performance assessed over the entire production period (Days 1–42). Barley inclusion at medium and high levels increased bodyweight gain, and at all levels improved feed efficiency (P < 0.01) compared with the control. β-Glucanase improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. Highest (P < 0.01) breast meat yield was measured for diets with medium barley inclusion. There were no interactive or main effects on duodenal digesta viscosity. Barley inclusion increased distal ileal digesta water content by ∼8–10% (P < 0.05). Conclusions Incremental inclusion of barley from 15% in a starter diet, scaling up to 37.5% in a withdrawal diet, does not compromise growth performance or carcass yields in broiler chickens. β-Glucanase supplementation favours both bodyweight gain and feed efficiency. Medium level of barley inclusion favours breast meat yield. Implications Barley can be considered an economical grain to formulate cost-effective diets for broiler chickens. An incremental program is a practical approach to optimise barley inclusion rate.
Existence of equilibria in repeated games with long-run payoffs
Authors: Ashkenazi-Golan Galit , Flesch János , Predtetchinski Arkadi , Solan Eilon
Published: March 2022

Significance

Nash equilibrium, of central importance in strategic game theory, exists in all finite games. Here we prove that it exists also in all infinitely repeated games, with a finite or countably infinite set of players, in which the payoff function is bounded and measurable and the payoff depends only on what is played in the long run, i.e., not on what is played in any fixed finite number of stages. To this end we combine techniques from stochastic games with techniques from alternating-move games with Borel-measurable payoffs.
ATP allosterically stabilizes integrin-linked kinase for efficient force generation
Authors: Martin Isabel M. , Nava Michele M. , Wickström Sara A. , Gräter Frauke
Published: March 2022

Significance

The pseudokinase integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a central component of focal adhesions, cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that integrate and transduce biochemical and mechanical signals from the extracellular environment into the cell and vice versa. However, the precise molecular functions, particularly the mechanosensory properties of ILK and the significance of retained adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding, are still unclear. Combining molecular-dynamics simulations with cell biology, we establish a role for ATP binding to pseudokinases. We find that ATP promotes the structural stability of ILK, allosterically influences the interaction between ILK and its binding partner parvin at adhesions, and enhances the mechanoresistance of this complex. On the cellular level, ATP binding facilitates efficient traction force buildup, focal adhesion stabilization, and efficient cell migration.
Species-specific KRAB-ZFPs function as repressors of retroviruses by targeting PBS regions
Authors: Yang Bo , Fang Lu , Gao Qianqian , Xu Ce , Xu Junqin , Chen Zhen-Xia , Wang Yixuan , Yang Peng
Published: March 2022

Significance

Hosts often target the relatively conserved regions in rapidly mutating retroviruses to inhibit their replication. One of these regions is called a primer binding site (PBS), which has to be complementary to the host tRNA to initiate reverse transcription. By analyzing endogenous retroviral elements, we found that host cells use this sequence as a target in efforts to block the expression of viral elements. A specific type of zinc finger protein targets the PBS in a host genome, which not only inhibits the transcription of endogenous viruses but also inhibits the replication of exogenous retroviruses with the same PBS. Thus, our study sheds light on a strategy for searching for host restriction factors targeting retroviruses.
Reimport of carbon from cytosolic and vacuolar sugar pools into the Calvin–Benson cycle explains photosynthesis labeling anomalies
Authors: Xu Yuan , Wieloch Thomas , Kaste Joshua A. M. , Shachar-Hill Yair , Sharkey Thomas D.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Photosynthesis metabolites are quickly labeled when
13
CO
2
is fed to leaves, but the time course of labeling reveals additional contributing processes involved in the metabolic dynamics of photosynthesis. The existence of three such processes is demonstrated, and a metabolic flux model is developed to explore and characterize them. The model is consistent with a slow return of carbon from cytosolic and vacuolar sugars into the Calvin–Benson cycle through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Our results provide insight into how carbon assimilation is integrated into the metabolic network of photosynthetic cells with implications for global carbon fluxes.
Small molecule C381 targets the lysosome to reduce inflammation and ameliorate disease in models of neurodegeneration
Authors: Vest Ryan T. , Chou Ching-Chieh , Zhang Hui , Haney Michael S. , Li Lulin , Laqtom Nouf N. , Chang Betty , Shuken Steven , Nguyen Andy , Yerra Lakshmi , Yang Andrew C. , Green Carol , Tanga Mary , Abu-Remaileh Monther , Bassik Michael C. , Frydman Judith , Luo Jian , Wyss-Coray Tony
Published: March 2022

Significance

Neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood and difficult to treat. One common hallmark is lysosomal dysfunction leading to the accumulation of aggregates and other undegradable materials, which cause damage to brain resident cells. Lysosomes are acidic organelles responsible for breaking down biomolecules and recycling their constitutive parts. In this work, we find that the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective compound, discovered via a phenotypic screen, imparts its beneficial effects by targeting the lysosome and restoring its function. This is established using a genome-wide CRISPRi target identification screen and then confirmed using a variety of lysosome-targeted studies. The resulting small molecule from this study represents a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases as well as a research tool for the study of lysosomes in disease.
The University of Pittsburgh English Language Institute Corpus (PELIC)
Authors: Naismith Ben , Han Na-Rae , Juffs Alan
Published: March 2022

This report introduces the University of Pittsburgh English Language Institute Corpus (PELIC;
Juffs et al., 2020), a publicly available 4.2-million-word learner corpus of
written texts. Collected over seven years in the University of Pittsburgh’s Intensive English Program, these texts were produced
by more than 1,100 students with diverse linguistic backgrounds and proficiency levels. Unlike most learner corpora which are
cross-sectional, PELIC is longitudinal, offering greater opportunities for tracking development in a natural classroom setting.
This potential is illustrated in an overview of the research conducted to date with these data. The report also provides a
description of PELIC’s creation and contents, including how the texts have been managed to facilitate natural language processing.
Overall, the corpus contributes to the field of learner corpus research by adding to the pool of freely and publicly available
learner corpora, supplemented by a useful set of Python tools and tutorials for accessing these data.
Learning beyond words
Authors: Omar Niveen , Banai Karen , Nir Bracha
Published: March 2022

Learning multimorphemic words involves the simultaneous learning of two hierarchically organized categories. In such words, sub-lexical units usually encode superordinate categories, whereas whole words encode exemplars of these categories. Complex, non-linear word structure is common in Semitic languages and can be used to probe the learning of multiple form-meaning associations. The aim of this study was to investigate how well Hebrew-speaking adults learn the dual form-meaning relationships that reflect different categorical levels following a few exposures to novel Hebrew-like words. Twenty-four native Hebrew-speakers were exposed to novel words through an interactive video story. Following a few exposures to the words, the learning of the exemplars was tested in a three-alternative-forced-choice identification test. The learning of the sub-lexical morphemes and the categories they encode were tested in generalization tests. The results show that a few exposures to novel, morphologically and conceptually complex words are sufficient to allow unsupervised simultaneous learning of two hierarchical categories even though the superordinate was not explicitly represented in the input.
Sidekick dynamically rebalances contractile and protrusive forces to control tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Malin Jacob , Rosa Birriel Christian , Astigarraga Sergio , Treisman Jessica E. , Hatini Victor
Published: March 2022

Contractile actomyosin and protrusive branched F-actin networks interact in a dynamic balance, repeatedly contracting and expanding apical cell contacts to organize the epithelium of the developing fly retina. Previously we showed that the immunoglobulin superfamily protein Sidekick (Sdk) contributes to contraction by recruiting the actin binding protein Polychaetoid (Pyd) to vertices. Here we show that as tension increases during contraction, Sdk progressively accumulates at vertices, where it toggles to recruit the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) to promote actin branching and protrusion. Sdk alternately interacts with the WRC and Pyd using the same C-terminal motif. With increasing protrusion, levels of Sdk and the WRC decrease at vertices while levels of Pyd increase paving the way for another round of contraction. Thus, by virtue of dynamic association with vertices and interchangeable associations with contractile and protrusive effectors, Sdk is central to controlling the balance between contraction and expansion that shapes this epithelium.
Gravitational wave surrogates through automated machine learning
Authors: Barsotti Damián , Cerino Franco , Tiglio Manuel , Villanueva Aarón
Published: March 2022

We analyze a prospect for predicting gravitational waveforms from compact binaries based on automated machine learning (AutoML) from around a hundred different possible regression models, without having to resort to tedious and manual case-by-case analyses and fine-tuning. The particular study of this article is within the context of the gravitational waves emitted by the collision of two spinless black holes in initial quasi-circular orbit. We find, for example, that approaches such as Gaussian process regression with radial bases as kernels, an approach which is generalizable to multiple dimensions with low computational evaluation cost, do provide a sufficiently accurate solution. The results here presented suggest that AutoML might provide a framework for regression in the field of surrogates for gravitational waveforms. Our study is within the context of surrogates of numerical relativity simulations based on reduced basis and the empirical interpolation method, where we find that for the particular case analyzed AutoML can produce surrogates which are essentially indistinguishable from the NR simulations themselves.
Magnetic phase diagram of (Mo2/3RE1/3)2AlC, RE = Tb and Dy, studied by magnetization, specific heat, and neutron diffraction analysis
Authors: Tao Quanzheng , Barbier Maxime , Mockute Aurelija , Ritter Clemens , Salikhov Ruslan , Wiedwald Ulf , Calder Stuart , Opagiste Christine , Galera Rose-Marie , Farle Michael , Ouisse Thierry , Rosen Johanna
Published: March 2022

We report the results of magnetization, heat capacity, and neutron diffraction measurements on (Mo2/3RE1/3)2AlC with RE = Dy and Tb. Temperature and field-dependent magnetization as well as heat capacity were measured on a powder sample and on a single crystal allowing the construction of the magnetic field-temperature phase diagram. To study the magnetic structure of each magnetic phase, we applied neutron diffraction in a magnetic field up to 6 T. For (Mo2/3Dy1/3)2AlC in zero field, a spin density wave is stabilized at 16 K, with antiferromagnetic ordering at 13 K. Furthermore, we identify the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases induced by magnetic fields for both RE = Tb and Dy. The origin of the field induced phases is resulting from the competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions.
Vibrational resonance by using a real-time scale transformation method
Authors: Gong Tao , Yang Jianhua , Sanjuán Miguel A F , Liu Houguang , Shan Zhen
Published: March 2022

Vibrational resonance (VR) shows great advantages in signal enhancement. Nonlinear frequency modulated (NLFM) signals widely exist in various fields, so it is of great significance to enhance a NLFM signal. However, for the complex NLFM signal, where its instantaneous frequency of the signal varies nonlinearly, the traditional VR method is no longer applicable. To solve this problem, a rescaled VR method by a real-time scale transformation method is proposed. Its basic principle is to use the real-time scale coefficient and auxiliary signal parameters to match a NLFM signal in a nonlinear system. The corresponding numerical simulation is carried out to process three kinds of typical NLFM signals. The results manifest the excellent performance of the proposed method for the signal enhancement of NLFM signals. The method can process NLFM signals with an arbitrary frequency variation. Consequently, it has certain theoretical and practical values in some fields.
Freeze-in from preheating
Authors: Garcia Marcos A.G. , Kaneta Kunio , Mambrini Yann , Olive Keith A. , Verner Sarunas
Published: March 2022

We consider the production of dark matter during the process
of reheating after inflation. The relic density of dark matter from
freeze-in depends on both the energy density and energy distribution
of the inflaton scattering or decay products composing the radiation
bath. We compare the perturbative and non-perturbative calculations
of the energy density in radiation. We also consider the (likely)
possibility that the final state scalar products are unstable.
Assuming either thermal or non-thermal energy distribution
functions, we compare the resulting relic density based on these
different approaches. We show that the present-day cold dark matter
density can be obtained through freeze-in from preheating for a
large range of dark matter masses.
Interstellar gas heating by primordial black holes
Authors: Takhistov Volodymyr , Lu Philip , Gelmini Graciela B. , Hayashi Kohei , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Kusenko Alexander
Published: March 2022

Interstellar gas heating
is a powerful cosmology-independent observable for exploring the parameter space of primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early Universe that could constitute part of the dark matter (DM). We provide a detailed analysis of the various aspects for this observable, such as PBH emission mechanisms. Using observational data from the Leo T dwarf galaxy, we constrain the PBH abundance over a broad mass-range, M
PBH ∼ 𝒪(1)M
⊙ − 107
M
⊙, relevant for the recently detected gravitational wave signals from intermediate-mass BHs. We also consider PBH gas heating of systems with bulk relative velocity with respect to the DM, such as Galactic clouds.
Multichannel power electronics and magnetic nanoparticles for selective thermal magnetogenetics
Authors: Wang Boshuo , Li Zhongxi , Sebesta Charles , Torres Hinojosa Daniel , Zhang Qingbo , Robinson Jacob T , Bao Gang , Peterchev Angel V , Goetz Stefan M
Published: March 2022

Objective. We present a combination of a power electronics system and magnetic nanoparticles that enable frequency-multiplexed magnetothermal-neurostimulation with rapid channel switching between three independent channels spanning a wide frequency range. Approach. The electronics system generates alternating magnetic field spanning 50 kHz to 5 MHz in the same coil by combining silicon (Si) and gallium-nitride (GaN) transistors to resolve the high spread of coil impedance and current required throughout the wide bandwidth. The system drives a liquid-cooled field coil via capacitor banks, forming three series resonance channels which are multiplexed using high-voltage contactors. We characterized the system by the output channels’ frequencies, field strength, and switching time, as well as the system’s overall operation stability. Using different frequency–amplitude combinations of the magnetic field to target specific magnetic nanoparticles with different coercivity, we demonstrate actuation of iron oxide nanoparticles in all three channels, including a novel nanoparticle composition responding to magnetic fields in the megahertz range. Main results. The system achieved the desired target field strengths for three frequency channels, with switching speed between channels on the order of milliseconds. Specific absorption rate measurements and infrared thermal imaging performed with three types of magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated selective heating and validated the system’s intended use. Significance. The system uses a hybrid of Si and GaN transistors in bridge configuration instead of conventional amplifier circuit concepts to drive the magnetic field coil and contactors for fast switching between different capacitor banks. Series-resonance circuits ensure a high output quality while keeping the system efficient. This approach could significantly improve the speed and flexibility of frequency-multiplexed nanoparticle actuation, such as magnetogenetic neurostimulation, and thus provide the technical means for selective stimulation below the magnetic field’s fundamental spatial focality limits.
Effects of collisional ion orbit loss on neoclassical tokamak radial electric fields
Authors: Zhu Hongxuan , Stoltzfus-Dueck T. , Hager R. , Ku S. , Chang C.S.
Published: March 2022

Ion orbit loss is considered important for generating the radially inward electric field E
r in a tokamak edge plasma. In particular, this effect is emphasized in diverted tokamaks with a magnetic X point. In neoclassical equilibria, Coulomb collisions can scatter ions onto loss orbits and generate a radially outward current, which in steady state is balanced by the radially inward current from viscosity. To quantitatively measure this loss-orbit current in an edge pedestal, an ion-orbit-flux diagnostic has been implemented in the axisymmetric version of the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code XGC. As the first application of this diagnostic, a neoclassical DIII-D H-mode plasma is studied using gyrokinetic ions and adiabatic electrons. The validity of the diagnostic is demonstrated by studying the collisional relaxation of E
r in the core. After this demonstration, the loss-orbit current is numerically measured in the edge pedestal in quasisteady state. In this plasma, it is found that the radial electric force on ions from E
r approximately balances the ion radial pressure gradient in the edge pedestal, with the radial force from the plasma flow term being a minor component. The effect of orbit loss on E
r is found to be only mild.
Systematic extraction of a control-oriented model from perturbative experiments and SOLPS-ITER for emission front control in TCV
Authors: Koenders J.T.W. , Wensing M. , Ravensbergen T. , Février O. , Perek A. , van Berkel M. , the TCV Team  , the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: March 2022

Systematic extraction of locally valid dynamic models from experiments is necessary for controller design and the validation of high fidelity models. This paper describes the extraction of a dynamic model in the form of a transfer function, giving the dynamic response of the CIII (465.0 nm) emission front position to deuterium gas puffing in the TCV divertor during flattop, relevant for heat exhaust control. The model is extracted using frequency response data from both SOLPS-ITER simulations and perturbative experiments. We use the steady-state solutions of the model SOLPS-ITER to obtain an additional data point at the zero frequency, as the identifiable frequency range by perturbative experiments is lower bounded by discharge time. We specifically approach the problem from a control engineering point of view, aiming to develop control-oriented models for the systematic design of impurity emission front controllers. We find a transfer function structure based on a diffusive process to best describe the obtained frequency response data. The resulting transfer function model accurately reproduces the local dynamic response measured during experiments, so it can be used to assess new controllers offline for similar discharge scenarios.
Research on Energy Consumption Evaluation Method and Energy Saving Operation Technology of Cold Storage
Authors: Miao Handeyu , Zhang Xianjin
Published: March 2022

There is not yet a recognized unified energy consumption assessment and grading method on cold storage. It is not conducive to cold storage operation energy-saving management. By establishing the heat balance model of the cold storage, the energy consumption composition of the cold storage is analyzed, and then the causal diagram analysis method is used to determine the influencing factors of the energy consumption of the cold storage, and the quantitative indicators to measure the energy consumption of the cold storage are proposed. Based on the classification of energy consumption assessment methods for cold storage, five typical energy consumption assessment methods for cold storage are compared and analyzed from five aspects of quantification, evaluation index, energy efficiency level, application scope and shortcomings. It is found that to establish an energy efficiency level identification evaluation standard for cold storage recognized by the public, two conditions must be met: the appropriate energy consumption assessment method considering the differentiation of cold storage; establishment of a large database of cold storage energy consumption information. Accordingly, the ways and measures for energy saving of cold storage are proposed.
Research on Energy Storage Optimization Configuration in Integrated Energy System
Authors: Mao Cui , Chen Yuping , Xv Danning , He Hongying , Shen Hekun , Cai Chengcong , Lu Xuanyi
Published: March 2022

Integrated Energy System (IES) is an important part of the ISTEM, which is an important part of IES, which solves a variety of energy storage, gas, electricity, heat, cold, cold, etc., as an important part of IES. This paper proposes a wide range of integrated energy storage optimization configuration models for multiple IES architectures, and analyzes the versatility of the model. First, the establishment of a general model of IES can cover various specific structures of IES; secondly, the integrated energy storage optimization configuration model is established on the basis of the IES universal model, so that the configuration model can be applied to a variety of IES architectures. The model is the smallest annual value of the annual value of the system life cycle, decision-making various energy storage configuration capacity and power; finally, in a commercial building IES, an altruistic analysis is carried out, and the optimized configuration model is in other scenes. The versatility is analyzed, and the results show that the model can be applied to the IES of the various architectures, solve the optimized configuration problem of integrated energy storage in different scenarios, and has versatility.
Efficient Self-attention with Relative Position Encoding for Electric Power Load Forecasting
Authors: Cui Jing , Li Yang , Liu Jiaolong , Li Jie , Yang Zheng , Yin Chunlin
Published: March 2022

To effectively mine historical data information and improve the accuracy of short-term load prediction, this paper aims at the characteristics of time series and nonlinear power load. Deep learning for load forecasting has received a lot of attention in recent years, and it has become popular in the analysis of electricity load forecasting. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are specifically designed for time-series data. However, due to the gradient disappearing and exploding problem, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) cannot capture long-term dependence. The Transformer, a self-attention-based sequence model, has produced impressive results in a variety of generating tasks that demand long-range coherence. This shows that self-attention could be useful in power load forecasting modeling. In this paper, to effectively and efficiently model the large-scale load forecasting, we further design the transform encoder with relative position encoding, which consists of four main components: single-layer neural network, relative positional encoding module, encoder module, and feed-forward network. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the GRU, LSTM, and original Transformer encoder.
Person detection and identification surrounding gas facilities based on Improved-Yolov4-tiny
Authors: Wang Zikang , Zhuang Yufeng , Li Jiale , Wang Xingde
Published: March 2022

The safety of the gas facilities is an important guarantee for the production and life of the society, and the monitoring of people entering the area is an important means to guarantee the safety of the facility. In order to solve the problem of non-contact monitoring of people entering the gas facilities, an Improved-Yolov4-tiny method is proposed in this paper. This method can be used to monitor people entering the area in real time and determine whether the type of person is a worker or non-worker based on characteristics such as clothing. Among them, the model increases a large-scale feature layer to improve the recognition and detection of small targets. The introduction of attention mechanism for multi-scale feature fusion increases the effectiveness of fine-grained detection of person. The Improved-Yolov4-tiny detection algorithm not only meets the requirements of real-time monitoring, but also achieves better results at different resolutions. Compared with the traditional Yolov4-tiny detection algorithm, the Improved-Yolov4-tiny detection algorithm improved the mAP metric by 3.1%.