INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR ACTIVITY AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AND JUNIOR SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: A.A. Tkachuk , V.V Kolpakov , E.A. Tomilova , T.V. Bespalova 
Published: September 2020

Physical activity is of particular importance in the early stages of ontogenesis during the development and formation of the child's body. At the same time, recognizing the variability of motor activity in children of a healthy population, its assessment in the understanding of the norm is presented as an average indicator of the daily number of locomotions for a certain age and gender group, which does not allow us to fully characterize the individual typological features of this function. In this regard, the use of signal parametric scales is very controversial and new approaches to solving this problem are required. The aim of the work is to conceptually develop the centile distribution and partial density of motor activity in older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren in a healthy population with the identification of typological variants of individual norms and criteria for pre - nosological diagnosis of hyper-and hypokinesia.
Materials and methods. 840 children of health groups I-II were examined (boys of senior preschool age-222 and primary school age-250; girls of senior preschool age-181 and primary school age-187). The study included the use of pedometry and visual assessment of children's behavior by teachers and parents. A personalized database was created based on the survey results. To identify differences in the level of distribution of a typical trait – habitual motor activity (HMA), a nonparametric test was used, taking into account Pearson's χ2 criterion. The functional type of constitution (FTC) was determined in accordance with a three – component scheme based on the level of habitual motor activity: low – LHMA-FTC–1, medium – MHMA–FTC–2 and high –HHMA-FTC–3. To solve this problem, we developed centile tables based on the daily number of locomotives (SCL) - the HMA level. At the same time, tables are proposed for the centile distribution of SCL both for the entire population of preschool and primary school children, and for children with low and high motor activity.
Results. Analysis of the data and on this basis developed normative tables of centile distribution of motor activity (MA) allow typing of it is high enough differences among senior preschool children and Junior schoolchildren of the healthy population with the estimated number of daily locomotion (very low, low, medium, high, very high), to allocate the risk group of I order (up to the 3-rd centile and 97-th centile) and II (from the 3-rd to the 10-th centile and the 90-th to 97-th centile), and also give an objective description of the daily number of locomotions of each individual with the identification of such concepts as "optimal motor activity", "constitutional hypokinesia" and "constitutional hyperkinesia". Partial assessment of motor activity, taking into account the centile distribution of the number of daily locomotions in each constitutional group, provides additional opportunities to more reasonably approach the analysis of a critical (pre-nosological) decrease or increase in the optimality of motor activity in children with low and high MA.
Conclusions. Senior preschool children and Junior school children of health groups I-II have their own individual and typological basic level of motor activity, which requires a comparative clinical and physiological analysis of the available data with the standard norm characteristic of each constitutional group (LHMA-FTC–1, MHMA-FTC–2, HHMA-FTC–3). Taking into account this approach, the development of normative (centile) tables of motor activity allows us to give not only a quantitative assessment of the basic variability of the physiological individuality of the child's body, but also to identify criteria for pre-nosological diagnosis of fairly common deviations in pediatric practice-hypokinesia and hyperactivity.