bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stand-alone or run together: artificial intelligence as an enabler for other technologies
Authors: Kulkov Ignat , Kulkova Julia , Leone Daniele , Rohrbeck René , Menvielle Loick
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming the healthcare sector, with a focus on how AI contributes to entrepreneurship and value creation. This study also aims to explore the potential of combining AI with other technologies, such as cloud computing, blockchain, IoMT, additive manufacturing and 5G, in the healthcare industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Exploratory qualitative methodology was chosen to analyze 22 case studies from the USA, EU, Asia and South America. The data source was public and specialized podcast platforms.

Findings

The findings show that combining technologies can create a competitive advantage for technology entrepreneurs and bring about transitions from simple consumer devices to actionable healthcare applications. The results of this research identified three main entrepreneurship areas: 1. Analytics, including staff reduction, patient prediction and decision support; 2. Security, including protection against cyberattacks and detection of atypical cases; 3. Performance optimization, which, in addition to reducing the time and costs of medical procedures, includes staff training, reducing capital costs and working with new markets.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates how AI can be used with other technologies to cocreate value in the healthcare industry. This study provides a conceptual framework, “AI facilitators – AI achievers,” based on the findings and offer several theoretical contributions to academic literature in technology entrepreneurship and technology management and industry recommendations for practical implication.
Dynamic parameter identification based on improved particle swarm optimization and comprehensive excitation trajectory for 6R robotic arm
Authors: Zhong Feifei , Liu Guoping , Lu Zhenyu , Hu Lingyan , Han Yangyang , Xiao Yusong , Zhang Xinrui
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Robotic arms’ interactions with the external environment are growing more intricate, demanding higher control precision. This study aims to enhance control precision by establishing a dynamic model through the identification of the dynamic parameters of a self-designed robotic arm.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) method for parameter identification, which comprehensively improves particle initialization diversity, dynamic adjustment of inertia weight, dynamic adjustment of local and global learning factors and global search capabilities. To reduce the number of particles and improve identification accuracy, a step-by-step dynamic parameter identification method was also proposed. Simultaneously, to fully unleash the dynamic characteristics of a robotic arm, and satisfy boundary conditions, a combination of high-order differentiable natural exponential functions and traditional Fourier series is used to develop an excitation trajectory. Finally, an arbitrary verification trajectory was planned using the IPSO to verify the accuracy of the dynamical parameter identification.

Findings

Experiments conducted on a self-designed robotic arm validate the proposed parameter identification method. By comparing it with IPSO1, IPSO2, IPSOd and least-square algorithms using the criteria of torque error and root mean square for each joint, the superiority of the IPSO algorithm in parameter identification becomes evident. In this case, the dynamic parameter results of each link are significantly improved.

Originality/value

A new parameter identification model was proposed and validated. Based on the experimental results, the stability of the identification results was improved, providing more accurate parameter identification for further applications.
Do green servicescape and perceived quality determine consumerism and its consequences?
Authors: Asghar Awes , Asif Ruba , Akhtar Naeem , Islam Tahir
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Hotel servicescapes have been extensively examined in the literature; however, there has been less attention on green servicescapes that attract consumers to visit green hotels. This model explores the relationship among green servicescapes – green items, green surfaces, natural environment, green consumerism and their outcomes, including intentions to return and green evangelism with a moderating role of green perceived quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The multi-wave method was utilized to gather data from China's major cities, Beijing and Shanghai. A total of 462 responses were received over three waves. Subsequently, the data were analyzed employing structural equation modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS 4.

Findings

The findings indicated that green servicescape – green items, green surfaces and natural environment – have a positive impact on green consumerism. The authors have discovered that green consumerism leads to positive intentions among consumers to return and engage in green evangelism. Green perceived quality significantly moderated the relationship between green servicescape and green consumerism.

Research limitations/implications

The study offers insightful contributions to academia and managerial fields, encompassing consumer psychology, consumer behaviour, the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework and servicescapes. Additionally, it assists hotel managers in addressing challenges stemming from the competitive environment and creating a more environmentally friendly atmosphere.

Originality/value

The research focused on the innovative reflective model of green consumerism model and adopted a pioneering approach to examine green servicescapes within the hotel industry. This study enhances understanding of consumer intentions to return and the influence of green consumerism on green evangelism, while also quantifying the significance of green perceived quality.
“Self-compassion and life satisfaction in Vietnamese adolescents: the mediating role of emotional and behavioral problems”
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Tuan , Nguyen Cat Tuong Phuoc
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The current study aims to examine the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction in Vietnamese adolescents and investigate the possibility that emotional and behavioural problems mediate this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative means of data collection and analysis were used to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction and the underlying mechanism of this relationship. A set of questionnaires was presented to a sample of 828 adolescents (M age = 14.61; SD = 1.08) aged 14–17 years from two secondary schools and two high schools in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. This helped to determine their self-compassion (self-compassion scale), emotional and behavioural problems (strengths and difficulties questionnaire) and life satisfaction (life satisfaction scale). Instruments reflected satisfactory reliability and validity.

Findings

The results show that self-warmth was positively associated with life satisfaction and that self-coldness was positively associated with emotional and behavioural problems and negatively associated with life satisfaction in Vietnamese adolescents. Emotional and behavioural problems fully mediated the negative relationship between self-coldness and life satisfaction.

Practical implications

It is implied that intervention programmes should be tailored to both promote self-compassionate behaviours and reduce self-coldness, to increase life satisfaction in adolescents.

Originality/value

The research available on the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction in adolescents, especially adolescents from Southeast Asia, is very sparse. More significantly, the underlying mechanisms behind this relationship are not yet fully understood.
Emphasizing the professional in PDS
Authors: Skinner Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This article describes an effort to ease the tension between boundary spanning roles for interns participating in a yearlong Professional Development School (PDS) program. In order to do this, the structure of a Social Studies Methods course was revised to mimic a professional learning community (PLC) and assignments were not evaluated for grades.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual paper that relies on self-reflection as well as student reaction, work samples and survey data.

Findings

The findings demonstrate both practices contribute to a collegial and less stressful environment for interns, while not affecting the quality of work submitted.

Originality/value

This paper highlights two of the nine NAPDS essentials, Professional Learning and Leading (3) and Boundary Spanning (8), and describes the ways both are incorporated and addressed in a PDS situated methods course. Describing course revisions, including the implementation of an ungrading practice, provides examples for potential replication.
Predictive modeling for online in-plane shape deviation inspection and compensation of additive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Hao , Al Shraida Hamzeh , Jin Yu
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Limited geometric accuracy is one of the major challenges that hinder the wider application of additive manufacturing (AM). This paper aims to predict in-plane shape deviation for online inspection and compensation to prevent error accumulation and improve shape fidelity in AM.

Design/methodology/approach

A sequence-to-sequence model with an attention mechanism (Seq2Seq+Attention) is proposed and implemented to predict subsequent layers or the occluded toolpath deviations after the multiresolution alignment. A shape compensation plan can be performed for the large deviation predicted.

Findings

The proposed Seq2Seq+Attention model is able to provide consistent prediction accuracy. The compensation plan proposed based on the predicted deviation can significantly improve the printing fidelity for those layers detected with large deviations.

Practical implications

Based on the experiments conducted on the knee joint samples, the proposed method outperforms the other three machine learning methods for both subsequent layer and occluded toolpath deviation prediction.

Originality/value

This work fills a research gap for predicting in-plane deviation not only for subsequent layers but also for occluded paths due to the missing scanning measurements. It is also combined with the multiresolution alignment and change point detection to determine the necessity of a compensation plan with updated G-code.
Research trends in industry 5.0 and its application in the construction industry
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni Patience , Aigbavboa Clinton , Oke Ayodeji , Chukwu Nissi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Industry 5.0 provides significant social, environmental and economic benefits over previous industrial revolutions. However, research in the field of industry 5.0 is still at a very nascent stage. Little is known about research trends in the field and its applications in specific sectors as construction which have relatively low sustainability index. Hence, this study aims to explore research trends in industry 5.0 and its applications in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a bibliometric analysis with the use of the vosviewer. The main search words used in the study were “Industry 5.0”, “Society 5.0” AND “Fifth Industrial Revolution”. Initial extracted papers with these keywords were 1036. After refining based on language, document type, key words and timeframe, a total of 188 papers were found suitable for the analysis.

Findings

The most impactful research on Industry 5.0 to date was from the United States, Australia and Sweden while the journal sustainability was found to be the highest document source on Industry 5.0. The application areas of industry 5.0 in the construction industry include health and safety, collaborative working, waste management, measurement of environmental features (indoor air quality, atmospheric pressure, noise, humidity and temperature) and forecasting of environmental, social or financial outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The study used review based papers which form the bulk of the existing research on industry 5.0. This limits understanding of the practical applications, benefits and challenges associated with the use of industry 5.0.

Originality/value

This work contributes to the theory and practice of industry 5.0 by providing baseline data for future research directions on industry 5.0. The work specifically highlights the application areas of industry 5.0 in the construction industry and also indicates the need for questionnaire, interviews or case study based research to enhance understanding of the practical applications of industry 5.0.
Impact of word‐to‐text integration processes on reading comprehension development in English as a second language
Authors: Mulder Evelien , van de Ven Marco , Segers Eliane , Krepel Alexander , de Bree Elise H. , de Jong Peter F. , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: November 2023

Background

Word‐to‐text integration (WTI) can be challenging for second‐language (L2) learners, although it can positively contribute to reading comprehension. The present study examined the role of WTI, after controlling for decoding, vocabulary and morphosyntactic awareness, in predicting English as an L2 reading comprehension development in 441 Dutch seventh‐grade students.

Methods

At the beginning (Time 1 [T1]) and the end (Time 2 [T2]) of the school year, students were tested on their English decoding, vocabulary, morphological and syntactic awareness and reading comprehension with paper‐and‐pencil tasks and on WTI with a self‐paced reading task with reading times being compared on passages with unknown versus known words and passages with and without anomalies.

Results

Mediation analyses showed small indirect effects of processing argument overlap and anomalies on T2 reading comprehension, via T1 reading comprehension.

Conclusions

WTI explained unique variance in reading comprehension at T2 via reading comprehension at T1, suggesting that it moderately impacts initial stages of reading comprehension in English as a second language (ESL).
Why is Russia Restricting its Fertiliser and Crop Exports?
Authors: Liefert William
Published: November 2023

Both Russia and Ukraine are major agricultural exporters, especially of grain and sunflowerseed products, and Russia is the world's leading supplier of fertiliser. Russia's invasion of Ukraine has disrupted world markets for these commodities, driving up prices and threatening world food security. Russia argues that a major cause of this trade disturbance is the economic sanctions that Western countries have imposed against it, despite the efforts of the West to exempt Russian agricultural trade from the sanctions. However, throughout its war with Ukraine, Russia has maintained heavy restrictions (involving quotas and taxes) on its exports of fertiliser, grain and sunflowerseed commodities. The trade controls bring major economic benefits to the Russian economy and government, especially in the current war environment. The gains include: keeping more output within the country, which lowers prices for consumers; earning the government additional revenue; and improving the country's terms of trade in the exported products. However, given that Russia so strongly asserts that Western sanctions are hurting the less rich countries of the world by disrupting world agricultural markets and pushing up prices, the export restrictions make Russia vulnerable to criticism of inconsistency (if not hypocrisy), when its own export controls have the same effects.
Antibiotic use for airway infections in Norwegian children—A national register‐based study
Authors: Rydland Eva , Høye Sigurd , Størdal Ketil
Published: November 2023

Aim

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are major contributors to childhood antibiotic use. We aimed to investigate geographical and temporal trends in the prescription of antibiotics and consultations for RTIs in children <18 years living in Norway from 2010 to 2017.

Methods

In a nationwide observational study, we analysed antibiotic prescriptions from the Norwegian Prescription Database and reimbursed contacts from primary care physicians. We limited the study to airway antibiotics and diagnostic codes indicating RTIs.

Results

Antibiotic prescriptions due to an RTI varied from 75 to 134 per 1000 consultation due to RTI across counties in Norway (relative risk 1.79, 95% CI 1.68–1.90 for highest compared to lowest). The use of health care varied from 414 to 585 consultations for RTI per 1000 inhabitant/year (relative risk 1.43, 95% CI 1.41–1.44 for highest compared to lowest). From 2010 to 2017, we observed a 21% reduction in antibiotic prescriptions per RTI consultation and of 6% for the number of consultations for an RTI. At the county level, the use of health care was positively associated with the proportion of RTIs that resulted in antibiotic prescription.

Conclusion

We found a reduction in doctors' antibiotic prescription and the use of health care for RTIs, and a variation across counties.
A thematic analysis of code of ethics disclosures in SEC 8‐K Item 5.05
Authors: Cullinan Charles P. , Holowczak Richard , Louton David , Saraoglu Hakan
Published: November 2023

The Securities and Exchange Commission requires the disclosure of changes to or waivers of corporate codes of ethics. Because the nature of amendments or waivers can vary, we expect the text of Item 5.05 to include different topics within different filings. We examine the population of these disclosures in Item 5.05 8‐K filings from 2004 to 2020. While previous studies utilized small samples (fewer than 50 observations) to examine limited aspects of these filings, we use the population of these filings from 2004 to 2020 (2121 8‐K filings) to elucidate the nature and details of the disclosures. We assess whether Latent Dirichlet Allocation—a computational linguistics technique—can help discern the underlying topics represented in filings. While the Securities and Exchange Commission identifies two topics—amendments and waivers—the Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis reveals four topics (three related to amendments): (1) code updates and clarifications; (2) combining codes of conduct for all officers and employees, or splitting codes to include a code directly applicable to senior financial officers; (3) codes of ethics waivers; and (4) substantive code changes. The overall trend is for fewer 8‐Ks to be filed in recent years, with updates and clarifications becoming the predominant filing type. Our results further indicate that Item 5.05s related to updates and clarifications, and those related to combined or split codes, use fewer words and are more easily readable than those disclosing waivers or material code changes. Although we find no significant price reaction to Item 5.05 8‐K filings, we find significant trading volume and volatility reactions, suggesting that these disclosures could give rise to differences in opinion among investors, which is consistent with the US Senate's assertion that these disclosures are of interest to investors.
Accuracy of implant placement via dynamic navigation and autonomous robotic computer‐assisted implant surgery methods: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Sihui , Cai Qin , Chen Weiyi , Lin Yuxuan , Gao Yan , Wu Dong , Chen Jiang
Published: November 2023

Objective

Optimal implant planning and placement allows the prosthesis to be well designed to achieve a satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcome. We aimed to compare deviations between implant planning and placement with the assistance of dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery (d‐CAIS) or autonomous robotic computer‐assisted implant surgery (r‐CAIS) methods in a clinical setting.

Methods

The retrospective analysis of medical records between 2021 July and 2022 December was conducted to compare the implantation accuracy of the d‐CAIS and r‐CAIS system in partially edentulous patients through cone‐beam computed tomography. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check the data distribution. Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test was used as appropriate, with a defined significant difference (p < .05).

Results

Seventy‐seven patients were analysed (124 implants), with 38 patients (62 implants) in the d‐CAIS group and 39 patients (62 implants) in the r‐CAIS group. The differences between d‐CAIS and r‐CAIS were 4.09 ± 1.79° versus 1.37 ± 0.92° (p < .001) in angular deviation; 1.25 ± 0.54 versus 0.68 ± 0.36 mm (p < .001) in coronal global deviation; 1.39 ± 0.52 versus 0.69 ± 0.36 mm (p < .001) in apical global deviation; the results of the PROMs showed no statistical difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

r‐CAIS allows more accurate implant placement than the d‐CAIS technology. And both groups achieved overall satisfactory outcomes via VAS (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300072004).
A comparison of accuracy among different approaches of static‐guided implant placement in patients treated with mandibular reconstruction: A retrospective study
Authors: Kang Yi‐Fan , Ge Yan‐Jun , Ding Meng‐Kun , Liu‐Fu Jian‐Feng , Cai Zhi‐Gang , Shan Xiao‐Feng
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the accuracy of immediate intraoral, immediate extraoral, and delayed dental implant placement with surgical guides (static computer‐aided implant surgery) in patients treated with mandibular reconstruction.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. The patients were divided into three groups: immediate intraoral placement (IIO), immediate extraoral placement (IEO), and delayed placement (DEL). Four variables were used to compare the planned and actual implant positions: angular deviation, three‐dimensional (3D) deviation at the entry point of the implant, 3D deviation at the apical point of the implant, and depth deviation.

Results

The angular deviation was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .05) groups. The 3D deviation at the entry point was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .01) groups. The 3D deviation at the apical point was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .01) and DEL (p < .01) groups. The depth deviation was significantly higher in the IIO group than in the IEO (p < .05) and DEL (p < .05) groups. There was no statistical difference between the IEO and DEL group in angular and 3D deviation.

Conclusion

With surgical guides, among the different approaches for implant placement, delayed implant placement remains the most accurate approach for patients treated with mandibular reconstruction.
Correlation between intraosseous thermal change and drilling impulse data during osteotomy within autonomous dental implant robotic system: An in vitro study
Authors: Zhao Ruifeng , Xie Rui , Ren Nan , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Shengrui , Liu Yuchen , Dong Yu , Yin An‐An , Zhao Yimin , Bai Shizhu
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study aims at examining the correlation of intraosseous temperature change with drilling impulse data during osteotomy and establishing real‐time temperature prediction models.

Materials and Methods

A combination of in vitro bovine rib model and Autonomous Dental Implant Robotic System (ADIR) was set up, in which intraosseous temperature and drilling impulse data were measured using an infrared camera and a six‐axis force/torque sensor respectively. A total of 800 drills with different parameters (e.g., drill diameter, drill wear, drilling speed, and thickness of cortical bone) were experimented, along with an independent test set of 200 drills. Pearson correlation analysis was done for linear relationship. Four machining learning (ML) algorithms (e.g., support vector regression [SVR], ridge regression [RR], extreme gradient boosting [XGboost], and artificial neural network [ANN]) were run for building prediction models.

Results

By incorporating different parameters, it was found that lower drilling speed, smaller drill diameter, more severe wear, and thicker cortical bone were associated with higher intraosseous temperature changes and longer time exposure and were accompanied with alterations in drilling impulse data. Pearson correlation analysis further identified highly linear correlation between drilling impulse data and thermal changes. Finally, four ML prediction models were established, among which XGboost model showed the best performance with the minimum error measurements in test set.

Conclusion

The proof‐of‐concept study highlighted close correlation of drilling impulse data with intraosseous temperature change during osteotomy. The ML prediction models may inspire future improvement on prevention of thermal bone injury and intelligent design of robot‐assisted implant surgery.
The Financialization of Coffee, Cocoa and Cotton Value Chains: The Role of Physical Actors
Authors: Tröster Bernhard , Gunter Ulrich
Published: November 2023

The prices of cash crops impact the livelihoods of millions of households in developing countries. While the influence of speculators on global commodity prices determined through derivatives exchanges is extensively discussed, the contribution of hedgers to short‐term changes in futures prices has largely been disregarded in the financialization of commodities discourse over the past two decades. This results in a failure to account for the interconnected activities of increasingly consolidated lead firms within physical global value chains (GVCs) and derivatives markets. This article examines the pricing and hedging strategies of lead firms in the coffee, cocoa and cotton GVCs in relation to their activities on commodity derivatives markets. Based on Open Interest data as an indicator of derivatives markets activity, a measure of buying and selling pressure by trader categories is applied in a Generalized ARCH (GARCH) model. The findings of this article show that hedgers’ activities allow speculators to drive global benchmark prices so that they can benefit through combinations of financial hedging and physical trading strategies. As these practices of lead firms contribute to the transmission of futures prices along GVCs, smallholders and other actors in cash crops in producer countries are exposed to heightened price changes.
Memory, Identity and Deindustrialization: Reflections from Bygone Mill‐scapes of Bangalore, India
Authors: Neethi P. , Rao Deeksha
Published: November 2023

This study takes a closer look at the deindustrialization of the South Indian city of Bangalore with respect to its former cotton mill sector, nearly two decades after the closure of the first three composite cotton mills in the city. The study views deindustrialization from sectoral, city‐ and community‐centric perspectives. As well as identifying Bangalore as a significant site within the ‘bygone mills’ discourse in India, the article contributes to the less‐researched theme of deindustrialization in the global South. It provides a detailed look into the city's mill‐scapes, from their rise in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to their demise in the early 21st century, through a mix of archival evidence, spatial analysis and an interrogation of the collective memory of millworkers and their families.
Exemplars Embodied: Can Acting Form Moral Character?
Authors: Phelps Ann , Brown Dylan
Published: November 2023

Theatre practitioners use empathy formation techniques within their acting methodology to develop particular characters for the stage. Here, Ann Phelps and Dylan Brown argue that, when Constantin Stanislavski's seminal dramatic method is placed in conversation with exemplarist moral theory, acting can become a tool for moral formation. To illustrate this claim, they describe their work with the Program for Leadership and Character at Wake Forest University, where a neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics framework is embodied and expanded using this dramatic method. By using acting exercises to help students rehearse how their moral exemplars would respond to situations, Phelps and Brown challenge students to embody their exemplars instead of merely engaging with them as a passive intellectual exercise. Moral educators can achieve their pedagogical aim by expanding Stanislavski's dramatic “super‐objective” to encompass a “moral meta‐objective.” This neo‐Aristotelian modification to Stanislavski's method might extend beyond the stage in ways that facilitate the embodiment of morally exemplary behavior, even after the curtain falls.
Azacitidine–venetoclax versus azacitidine salvage treatment for primary induction failure or first relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Petit C. , Saillard C. , Mohty B. , Hicheri Y. , Villetard F. , Maisano V. , Charbonnier A. , Rey J. , D‘Incan E. , Rouzaud C. , Gelsi‐Boyer V. , Murati A. , Lhoumeau A. C. , Ittel A. , Mozziconacci M. J. , Alary A. S. , Hospital M.‐A. , Vey N. , Garciaz S.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of venetoclax‐azacitidine (VEN–AZA) with AZA in the real‐life for patients with first relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (R/R AML).

Methods

We retrospectively analysed R/R AML patients treated with VEN–AZA at the Institut Paoli Calmettes between September 2020 and February 2022. We compared them to a historical cohort of patients treated with AZA between 2010 and 2021.

Results

Thirty‐five patients treated with VEN–AZA were compared with 140 patients treated with AZA. There were more favourable cytogenetics (25.7% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.01) and less FLT3‐ITD mutated AML (8.8% vs. 25.5%; p = .049) in the VEN–AZA group. The overall 30‐day mortality rate was 7.4% and the overall 90‐day mortality was 20%, with no difference between the groups. The complete remission rate was 48.6% in the VEN–AZA group versus 15% (p < .0001). The composite complete response rate was 65.7% in the VEN–AZA group versus 23.6% (p < .0001). OS was 12.8 months in the VEN–AZA group versus 7.3 months (p = 0.059). Patients with primary refractory AML, poor‐risk cytogenetics, prior hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT) and FLT3‐ITD mutated AML had lower response and survival rates.

Conclusion

VEN–AZA was associated with a better response rate and a longer survival than AZA monotherapy in AML patients who relapsed after or were refractory to intensive chemotherapy.
A case study evaluating the effect of clustering, publication bias, and heterogeneity on the meta‐analysis estimates in implant dentistry
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano , Atieh Momen A. , Tsagris Michail , Seehra Jadbinder , Pandis Nikolaos
Published: November 2023

Meta‐analyses may provide imprecise estimates when important meta‐analysis parameters are not considered during the synthesis. The aim of this case study was to highlight the influence of meta‐analysis parameters that can affect reported estimates using as an example pre‐existing meta‐analyses on the association between implant survival and sinus membrane perforation. PubMed was searched on 7 July 2021 for meta‐analyses comparing implant failure in perforated and non‐perforated sinus membranes. Primary studies identified in these meta‐analyses were combined in a new random‐effects model with odds ratios (ORs), confidence intervals (CIs), and prediction intervals reported. Using this new meta‐analysis, further meta‐analyses were then undertaken considering the clinical, methodological, and statistical heterogeneity of the primary studies, publication bias, and clustering effects. The meta‐analyses with the greatest number and more homogeneous studies provided lower odds of implant failure in non‐perforated sites (OR 0.49, 95 % CI = [0.26, 0.92]). However, when considering heterogeneity, publication bias, and clustering (number of implants), the confidence in these results was reduced. Interpretation of estimates reported in systematic reviews can vary depending on the assumptions made in the meta‐analysis. Users of these analyses need to carefully consider the impact of heterogeneity, publication bias, and clustering, which can affect the size, direction, and interpretation of the reported estimates.
Visually or auditorily induced seizures involve the activation of nonhippocampal brain areas and hippocampal removal does not alleviate seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bello Stephen Temitayo , Xu Shenghui , Li Xiao , Ren Junming , Jendrichovsky Peter , Jiang Feixu , Xiao Zhoujian , Wan Xiaoxiao , Chen Xi , He Jufang
Published: November 2023

Objective

Several studies have attributed epileptic activities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to the hippocampus; however, the participation of nonhippocampal neuronal networks in the development of TLE is often neglected. Here, we sought to understand how these nonhippocampal networks are involved in the pathology that is associated with TLE disease.

Methods

A kainic acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy was induced by injecting KA into dorsal hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice. Network activation after spontaneous seizure was assessed using c‐Fos expression. Protocols to induce seizure using visual or auditory stimulation were developed, and seizure onset zone (SOZ) and frequency of epileptic spikes were evaluated using electrophysiology. The hippocampus was removed to assess seizure recurrence in the absence of hippocampus.

Results

Our results showed that cortical and hippocampal epileptic networks are activated during spontaneous seizures. Perturbation of these networks using visual or auditory stimulation readily precipitates seizures in TLE mice; the frequency of the light‐induced or noise‐induced seizures depends on the induction modality adopted during the induction period. Localization of SOZ revealed the existence of cortical and hippocampal SOZ in light‐induced and noise‐induced seizures, and the development of local and remote epileptic spikes in TLE occurs during the early stage of the disease. Importantly, we further discovered that removal of the hippocampi does not stop seizure activities in TLE mice, revealing that seizures in TLE mice can occur independent of the hippocampus.

Significance

This study has shown that the network pathology that evolves in TLE is not localized to the hippocampus; rather, remote brain areas are also recruited. The occurrence of light‐induced or noise‐induced seizures and epileptic discharges in epileptic mice is a consequence of the activation of nonhippocampal brain areas. This work therefore demonstrates the fundamental role of nonhippocampal epileptic networks in generating epileptic activities with or without the hippocampus in TLE disease.
Temporal relationship between levetiracetam nonadherence and breakthrough seizures in a preclinical model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Guignet Michelle , Vuong Jonathan , Martinez Alejandra , Ballapapinan Ticha , White H. Steve
Published: November 2023

Objective

Poor medication adherence remains a concern for individuals managing their epilepsy with antiseizure medicines (ASMs); however, ethical concerns around withholding medication make it impossible to study the causal relationship between missed doses and seizures in patients. Previous preclinical studies from our group suggest that mechanistically distinct ASMs have varying degrees of forgiveness when a dose is missed. However, with only a few ASMs studied in the context of nonadherence, we sought to expand on previous work to understand the relationship between levetiracetam (LEV) nonadherence and breakthrough seizures.

Methods

Chronic oral dosing was initiated in rats with established epilepsy via our automated medication‐in‐food delivery system coupled to 24/7 video‐electroencephalographic recording. Baseline seizure burden was established for 4 weeks before enrolling subjects into a 4‐week treatment period with LEV in a 100% fully adherent (75 mg/kg four times daily) or 50% variably adherent paradigm. The temporal relationship between missed doses and breakthrough seizures was correlated with LEV plasma and brain concentrations in separate cohorts of animals.

Results

Full adherence to LEV significantly improved seizure control by 50% in half of the animals. Poor adherence worsened seizure frequency by 85%, with most rats having more severe seizures that formed in clusters following missed doses. LEV concentrations remained below therapeutic levels (<10 μg/mL) in nonadherent animals, with brain and plasma levels directly correlating with the degree of adherence in a 24‐h period. Missed doses of LEV immediately increased the risk of breakthrough seizures; however, this risk was significantly reduced with improved adherence in a 24‐h period.

Significance

These findings enhance our understanding of ASM nonadherence in preclinical models, highlighting that the timing of missed doses and their impact on seizures may vary between different ASMs. Notably, LEV demonstrates a robust pharmacokinetic reliance on missed doses leading to breakthrough seizures.
Macroecological constraints on species' ‘movement profiles’: Body mass does not explain it all
Authors: Straus Samantha , Forbes Coreen , Little Chelsea J. , Germain Rachel M. , Main Danielle A. , O'Connor Mary I. , Thompson Patrick L. , Ford Adam T. , Gravel Dominique , Guzman Laura Melissa
Published: November 2023

Aim

Animals couple habitats by three types of movement: dispersal, migration, and foraging, which dynamically link populations, communities, and ecosystems. Across these types, movement distances tend to correlate with each other, potentially reflecting allometric scaling with body mass, but ecological and evolutionary species' traits may constrain movement distances and weaken these correlations. Here, we investigate multivariate “movement profiles” to better understand patterns in movement across movement types, with the aim of improving predictions in ecology from populations to ecosystems.

Location

Global.

Time period

1945–2019.

Major taxa studied

Vertebrates.

Methods

We synthesized distances of all three movement types (dispersal, migration, and foraging) across 300+ vertebrate species and investigated how the relationships between movement types and body mass were modified by evolutionary history and trophic guild.

Results

We found that the strength of relationships between movement types and body mass varied among taxa and trophic guilds, for example, strongly positive for mammals but weak for birds, or positive across trophic guilds for foraging and dispersal but not migration. Notably, movement profiles interacted with the effects of shared evolutionary history and trophic guild to diminish covariance between movement types.

Main conclusions

Overall, we find that movement types with distinct ecological consequences (foraging, migration) are often correlated, although some species seem able to overcome biomechanical, evolutionary, and metabolic constraints by reducing correlations among movement types. This integrative assessment of movement can improve ecological prediction by allowing estimation of unobserved movement distances for parameterization of models based on estimation of other movement types.
Partitioning of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Weathered Light Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid
Authors: Fang Yida , Fiorenza Stephanie , Schaefer Charles , Molloy Kevin , Gurr Chris
Published: November 2023

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and weathered petroleum hydrocarbons can be co‐contaminants at sites where aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF) was used to extinguish high‐temperature petroleum fires. Here, we report on the partitioning of six PFAS between water and a weathered diesel and gasoline range hydrocarbon light non‐aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) collected from the subsurface of a decommissioned refinery. Results showed that both the structural features of PFAS and the characteristics of LNAPL exhibited significant impacts on the magnitude of PFAS partitioned to the LNAPL. The LNAPL–water partition coefficients (Kl) of PFOA and PFOS to the weathered LNAPL measured in this work were nearly or more than 10 times greater than Kl values calculated by others for partitioning to single‐component, unweathered NAPLs, indicating that laboratory studies evaluating LNAPL–water partitioning studies using single component NAPLs can largely underestimate the Kl expected to be encountered at contaminated AFFF sites. Interactions with LNAPL can be important controllers of PFAS fate and transport, and the Kl values estimated in this work suggest that LNAPL could be a significant transport sink for PFAS in the field. Results from this work suggest that PFAS partitioning to weathered LNAPL is an important process to be considered when designing remedial strategies, particularly those incorporating monitored natural attenuation or natural source zone depletion.
Guidelines and practice of breastfeeding in women living with HIV—Results from the European INSURE survey
Authors: Keane A. , Lyons F. , Aebi‐Popp K. , Feiterna‐Sperling C. , Lyall H. , Martínez Hoffart A. , Scherpbier H. , Thorne C. , Albayrak Ucak H. , Haberl A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is integral to HIV prevention, including averting vertical transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ART and breastfeeding for all women living with HIV for at least 12 months post‐partum [1, 2]. Much of the data on HIV transmission through breastfeeding comes from low‐resource settings, with a paucity of data on breastfeeding‐related HIV transmission in women living with HIV in other settings. Women Against Viruses in Europe (WAVE), part of the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS), aims to improve the standard of care for women living with HIV and sought to gain an understanding of breastfeeding guidelines and practice in women living with HIV across Europe.

Methods

A steering group convened by WAVE developed a survey to collate information on breastfeeding trends, practice, and guideline recommendations for women living with HIV in Europe and to establish interest in becoming involved in a collaborative breastfeeding network. The survey was disseminated to 31 countries in March 2022.

Results

In total, 25 eligible responses were received: 23/25 (92%) countries have HIV and pregnancy guidelines; 23/23 (100%) guidelines refer specifically to breastfeeding; 12/23 (52%) recommend against breastfeeding; 11/23 (48%) offer an option if certain criteria are met; 12/25 (48%) reported that the number of women living with HIV who breastfeed is increasing; 24/25 (96%) respondents were interested in joining a network on breastfeeding in women living with HIV.

Conclusions

Recommendations vary, and nearly half of the guidelines recommend against breastfeeding. Many countries report an increase in breastfeeding. WAVE will establish a collaborative network to bridge data gaps, conduct research, and improve support for women living with HIV who choose to breastfeed.
Impact of screening programme to prevent anal cancer in high‐risk patients with HIV
Authors: Leclerc Eloïse , Jacomet Christine , Siproudhis Laurent , Abramowitz Laurent , Pereira Bruno , Buisson Anthony
Published: November 2023

Introduction

We assessed the impact of a nationwide screening programme to reduce the risk of anal cancer in a large cohort of high‐risk patients with HIV.

Methods

From a large database from one referral centre, all high‐risk patients with HIV (men who have sex with men, history of anal or genital warts, or previous cervix human papillomavirus‐related lesions) who were eligible to enter the French anal cancer screening programme (2011–2020) were retrospectively included. Adherence to the screening programme was defined as no interval >18 months between two visits. Standardized management included perianal visualization and standard anoscopy with biopsies of macroscopic abnormalities.

Results

Overall, 700 patients with HIV were included (median follow‐up 8.4 years [interquartile range 4.3–9.2] and 1491.6 patient‐years), and 336 had one or more proctology visit. A total of 13 patients were diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinomas. The risk of anal cancer was higher with anal intra‐epithelial neoplasia grade 3 (AIN3; hazard ratio [HR] 44.5 [95% confidence interval {CI} 11.2–176.6], p < 0.001), AIN2 (HR 11.9 [95% CI 2.1–66.9], p = 0.005), or high‐grade dysplasia (HR 23.4 [95% CI 7.9–69.1], p < 0.001) than with low‐grade dysplasia or no lesion. Among the patients who were strictly adherent to the screening programme (4.6% [32/700]), we did not report any AIN or anal cancer, but we also did not observe any significant reduction in the risk of anal cancer (p = 0.51), AIN3 (p = 0.28), high‐grade dysplasia (p = 0.19), or any AIN lesions (p = 0.10) compared with non‐adherent patients. In contrast, screened patients were more likely to be diagnosed with anal warts (HR 3.71 [95% CI 2.14–6.42], p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Macroscopic high‐grade dysplasia lesions are associated with a higher risk of developing anal cancer. Despite finding no cases of cancer during the screening programme, we also did not demonstrate a clear benefit from our screening programme for the prevention of anal cancer in high‐risk patients with HIV.
Effects of speaker types and L1 backgrounds on the linguistic complexity of learners’ writing
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Gui , Wang Nan , Wang Li
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the differences in linguistic complexity between different types of English users, including native speakers (NS), English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, and English as a second language (ESL) learners in terms of Kolmogorov complexity. Furthermore, we explored how first language backgrounds affect linguistic complexity. Our dataset contains 2272 argumentative essays produced by English NSs and upper‐intermediate learners from four ESL and six EFL countries/regions. Results showed that significant differences existed between the writings of NS, EFL, and ESL regarding overall and syntactic complexity. Specifically, the rank of overall complexity (NS > ESL > EFL) indicates that learners from countries/regions with higher exposure to English tend to produce overall more complex writings. Concerning syntactic complexity, EFL learners produce the most complex writings, while NS produces the least complex, indicating that essays written by EFL learners contain the most fixed word order patterns. In contrast, no significant difference was detected in morphological complexity among the NS, ESL, and EFL groups, suggesting that native and upper‐intermediate non‐NSs exhibit a similar range of morphological forms in their writings. Additionally, our results showed a larger effect of first language backgrounds over English speaker types on linguistic complexity, thus informing teachers to implement targeted writing instructions for learners from different countries.
Spesolimab: a comprehensive review on the anti‐IL‐36 receptor antibody in dermatology
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Gopinath Hima , Murthy Aravind B. , Radhakrishnan Suganya , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal
Published: November 2023

Interleukin‐36 (IL‐36) cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory skin conditions and are potential therapeutic targets. Spesolimab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL‐36 signaling recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the management of generalized pustular psoriasis flares in adults. Clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of this monoclonal antibody in a few other dermatological conditions. Here, this review comprehensively summarizes the safety and efficacy of spesolimab treatment in various dermatological conditions.