bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTERNAL-FIELD-INDUCED COHERENCE AND LASING WITHOUT INVERSION: THE V-TYPE SYSTEM
Authors: LUO ZHEN-FEI  , XU ZHI-ZHAN  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,上海201800
Published: November 2020

The conditions for realizing lasing without inversion are investigated via density matrix method in bare and dressed states in the V-type closed lifetime-broadened system where atomic coherence is induced by an external electromagnetic field. It is shown that a proper choice of pumping rate may lead to the realization of lasing without inversion.
ENERGY BANDS AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CdTe
Authors: XU YONG-NIAN  , LU DONG  ,   复旦大学物理系和现代物理研究所,上海200433
Published: November 2020

The energy bands of CdTe are studied using the method of Orthogonalized Linear Com-bination of Atomic Orbitals (OLCAO). The risults are in good agreement with that given by methods of LAPW, LMTO-ASA and NL-EPM. Some physical quantities related to the optical properties of CdTe are also described. These are the imaginary component of optical dielec-tric function ∈2(ω), and that of high frequency conductivity σ1(ω), and the optical reflectivity R(∈)
TIME DEPENDENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND BERRY PHASE
Authors: LIU DENG-YUN  ,   山西师范大学物理系,临汾041004
Published: November 2020

For a quantum system with time dependent boundary conditions, it is shown that the ef-fective Hamiltonian can be constructed in a simple way without any geometric treatemnt. In this paper the effective Hamiltonian, constructed in the above way, of quantum particle in a spherical box of varying radius is used to calculate the Berry phase of the wave function. We found that the effective Hamiltonian and original one are formally related with a static gauge transformation, the quantum states of the two Hamiltonians differ by a Berry phase.
EIGENSTATES OF OPERATOR aqN(N≥2)
Authors: WEI LIAN-FU  ,   四川师范大学物理系,成都610066
Published: November 2020

The orthonormal eigenstates of operator aq2 are constructed. It is shown that they form a complete Hilbert space.
FREE-FERMION APPROXIMATE SOLUSION OF THE ISING MODEL ON UNION JACK LATTICE
Authors: WANG FU-GAO  , HU JIA-ZHEN  ,   上海交通大学应用物理系凝聚态物理研究所,上海200030
Published: November 2020

In this paper,the Ising model with two-body anisotropic interactions and three-body interactions on union Jack lattice is solved by free-fermion approximation. We have obtained its free energy, spontaneous magnetisation and the equation of critical points. When the interaction coefficients are simplified as in a square lattice Ising model, the same solusion as Onsager's is obtained.
A STUDY OF THE INTERFACIAL DEFECTS IN MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXIAL SILICON
Authors: LU FANG  , GONG DA-WEI  , SUN HENG-HUI  ,   复旦大学李政道物理学综合实验室和物理系
Published: November 2020

The interfacial defects at the p-Si MBE layer/p-Si substrate interface have been observed and analysed. By solving Poisson equation, we can obtain the energy band diagram for this kind of structure with Shottky barrier at the surface and high dencity defects at the interface. The electron concentration at the defect level varying with external voltage can also be got by the calculation. Using deep level transient spectrascopy (DLTS) measurement to detect the interfacial defects, we found that the DLTS spectra for the emission and capture of electrons by the defect level can be got simultaneously at one temperature scan and the difference from conventional DLTS method is also discussed. The experimental results show that the energy level of the interface defects is located at Ec-0.30eV.
CHARACTERISTICS OF Ag THIN FILMS DEPOSITED ON THE FRACTAL SUBSTRATES OF α-Al２Ｏ3 CERAMICS
Authors: XU YU-QING  , YE GAO-XIANG  , WANG JANG-SONG  , TAO XIANG-MING  , ZHANG QI-RUI  ,   (1)浙江大学物理系; (2)浙江大学物理系,杭州大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The surface morphology and V-I characteristics of the Ag thin films deposited on the fractal substrates of α－Ａｌ２Ｏ3 ceramics by rf magnetron sputtering have been investigated. The fractal surface morphology, poor crystallinity and abnormal nonli-near do V-I behavior of the thin films have been observed. The crystallinity of the films deposited on the fractal substrates is improved by increasing the substrate temperature and the thickness of the thin film. The nonlinear V-I characteristics are influenced by the thickness of the thin films, substrate temperature and measu-ring environment.
INVESTIGATION OF MICROCONSTRUCTURE OF NANOMATERIAL Fe2O3 BY POSITRON LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: PENG YU-QING  , WANG TAO  , ZHOU SHI-YAO  , BU WEI  , ZHANG LI-DE  ,   (1)上海师范大学; (2)中国科学院固体物理研究所; (3)中国科学院上海原子核研究所,中国科学院核分析技术开放研究实验室
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the mean grain diameters of nanomaterial Fe2O3 are determined by X-ray diffraction. The measurements of positron lifetime have been performed. The annealing temperature dependence of D and the short lifetime component τ1, intermediate lifetime component τ2 and their intensity ratio Ｉ2／Ｉ1 as function of D are given. The interface construction of nanomaterial Fe2O3 as well as the corresponding relationship between mean positron lifetime τ and S-parameter of Doppler broadening spectrum are discussed.
GENERALIZED FORMULA FOR SENSITIVITY OF REFLECTION SPECTRUM AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: DAI SONG-TAO  , ZHANG GUANG-YIN  , ZHANG CUN-ZHOU  ,   (1)南开大学物理系; (2)清华大学现代应用物理系激光单原子探测开放研究实验室
Published: November 2020

We have deduced a formula for sensitivity of reflection spectrum from the general relation between dielectric constant and reflectivity. Using this unified formula, we have analyzed the sensitivity of reflection spectra of Lorentz oscillator and Drude free carrier, thus we have got a deeper understanding of the abnormal reflection-spectrum structures on the short-wave side of reststrahlen bands of some alkali-halide crystals and the feature of infrared reflection-spectrum of high-Tc superconductors.
APPLICATIONS OF INVERSION SCATTERING THEORY TO e-H2O COLLISIONS
Authors: CHEN XUE-JUN  , WANG YAN  , LI BO  , DENG XIN-YUAN  ,   清华大学现代应用物理系
Published: November 2020

The inversion scattering method was practically applied to e-H2O collisions. Based on the differential cross sections of e-H2O elastic scattering and using the inversion scattering mehtod, the spherical average potential of e-H2O interaction was derived. The obtained potential is complex and non-local. This potential can produce excellent results in agreement with experimental data.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COE-RCIVITY MECHANISM OF SINTERED Nd-Fe-B PERMANENT MAGNET ALLOYS
Authors: GAO RU-WEI  , LI HUA  , JIANG SHOU-TING  , ZHANG YA-MING  , ZHOU SHOU-ZENG  , LI FO-BIAO  , ZHANG LI-DONG  ,   (1)北京科技大学材料系; (2)山东大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The coercivity dependence of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloys an orienting magnetic field was studied. The results indicate that demagnetization process of the magnet is basically the nucleation process of anti-magnetization in the soft magnetization regions located at the surface of magnetic grains，and the process in which the nuclei grow into domains and irreversible domain wall displacement takes place from the surface to the inside of grains. We compared the value and the variation dependence of nucleation field with that of depinning field on the orientation of magnetic field. we come to the conclusion that depinning field is the main mech-anism controlling the coercivity of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloys.
IMPROVED CONFINEMENT PHASE IN RAMPING UP PLASMA CURRENT BY TOROIDAL FIELD
Authors: MENG YUE-DONG  , GAO XIANG  , FAN SHU-PING  , LI JIAN-GANG  , LUO JIA-RONG  , TONG XING-DE  , ZHANG WEI  , HAN YU-QIN  , GONG XIAN-ZU  , JIANG JIA-GUANG  , YIN FU-XIAN  , ZENG LEI  , LING BI-LI  , YIN FEI  , DING LIAN-CHENG  , ZHA  ,   中国科学院等离子体物理研究所
Published: November 2020

Using a small pulse of toroidal vortex eletric field (4.4V/m, 0.45ms), plasma current is successfully ramped up from the plateau (55kA) to the second plateau (60kA) with a ramp rate dIp/dt>12MA/s on a time scale much fast than the classical skin time in the HT-6M Tokamak. The phenomena of improved confinement is observed in the present experiment. Particle confinement time is enhanced 2.1 times and energy confinement time, meanwhile, is enhanced 1.6 tines after ramping current up.
ENERGY SPECTRA AND LOCALIZED ELECTRON STATES OF SOLITON LATTICE IN Na-DOPED TRANS (CH)x
Authors: AN ZHONG  , LI ZHAN-JIE  , YAO KAI-LUN  ,   华中理工大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Starting from the extensional discrete model SSH Hamiltonian containing an external Coulomb potential arising from interchain charged solitons and the counterions, the intrachain electron-electron interaction, the energy spectra and electron states of soliton lattice have been studied in trans-polyacetylene. The results show that: two bound states have been found at the bottom of valence band and several other states at the top of conduction band. With the increasing of the dopant concentration, the localization of bound states are weakened and the discrete soliton energy levels in the forbidden band move into the soliton band. When the dopant concentration is up to 16.67%，all the discrete electron states of soliton lattice disappear and become extended ones. It is found that the forbidden band width increases and the gap (between the top of the soliton band and the bottom of conduction band) namows with the doping level increasing. Furthermore, the gap (from the bottom of the soliton band to the top of valence band) has a maximum at the critical doping level. Finally, the effect of e-e interaction on the energy spectra of soliton lattice is discussed.
A NEW METHOD OF CALCULATING ATOMIC RADIUS AND WORK FUNCTION OF METALS
Authors: YANG DE-QING  ,   云南大学物理系
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a new quasi-atomic model of metal, new concepts of effective valence electron number and equaivalent orbital radius of atom are put forward. Problems related to metal are studied and analysed by using the model and the concepts. Characteristic parameters concerned with metal can be effectively calculated with under standing the electron distribution of metallic atom, namely the principal quantum number and total number of valence electron of atom. Parameters which can be calculated are effective nuclear charge number of atom, density of free electron, atomic radius, Fermi energy and work function of the metal concerned. Atomic radius and work function of 68 metals and density of free electron of 17 metals are calculated and compared with experimental values, results show that the former two are both quite in accordance with the experimental results and the latter one is better than the results calculated by free-electron model. Thus it can be seen that the model and methods are in conformity with the actual situation of metals, and its applications are proved to be reliable.
WAVEFUNCTION MIXTURE AND COMPOSITION FOR HYBRIDIZED ZEEMAN STATES OF P IN Si
Authors: SHEN XUE-CHU  , ZHU JING-BING  , MU YAO-MING  , LIU PU-LIN  ,   中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室
Published: November 2020

We report direct experimental determination of the wavefunction mixture and composition for hybridized Zeeman states of P in Si. The intensity evolution of the Zeeman transitions nearby anti-crossing region for the isolated P donors in high pure Si bas been measured quantitatively by use of high sensitive and high resolution photothermal ionization spectroscopy (PTIS); The wavefunction compositions and their evolutions upon magnetic field for the hybridized Zeeman states of bounded electrons of impurities have been deduced from the measurement. A variational calculation under the frame of effective mass approach has been performed to estimate theoretically the wavefunction composition. The results are campare with experimental ones.
COMPOSITION ANALYSIS AND OXYGEN CONTENT DETERMINATION OF HIGH T SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS BY RBS AND EBS METHODS
Authors: REN MENG-MEI  , JIANG WEI-LIN  , ZHU PEI-RAN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a technique of proton elastic backscattering (EBS) in the energy range of 1.5-2.5MeV is proposed for the measurement of the total contents of oxy-gen in the films. The accuracy is better than 5% for the film thickness between less than hundreds nm to a few microns.
QUENCHING AND ENHANCEMENT OF FLAORESCENCE OF DYE MOLECULE ON SILVER COLLOID
Authors: FANG YAN  , WEI FENG-WEN  , WANG YA-LI  , YU YONG-CHENG  ,   首都师范大学实验中心,北京100037
Published: November 2020

The surface fluorescence of Rhodamine B (RhB) adsorbed on colloidal silver was investigated. It was found that the 572.5 nm fluorescence band of RhB quenched sharply. However, at the same time the enhancement factor of the other fluorescence band of RhB at 530.0 nm was up to 60 when Ag sol was added.The time-effect fluorescence spectra of RhB adsorbed on Ag surface have been observed by OMA, showing that the quenching and enhancement processes of these two bands were inversed each other at any moment of observation.
STUDY ON THE CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY OF C60/C70
Authors: ZHU YAN-QIU  , LI CHANG-PING  , LIANG JI  , GAO ZHI-DONG  , ZONG JON-FENG  , WEI BING-QING  , WU DE-HAI  , HUI MEMG-JUN  ,   (1)清华大学机械工程系,北京100084; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: November 2020

The C60/C70, sample was prepared by carbon electric arc method, and its crystal morphology was studied by optical microscopy, SEM and TEM. The results indicate that the growth of C60/C70 crystal obeys the rule of faceted growth, and it grows, into regular quadrilateral, pentagon and/or hexagon-like crystals finally.
CRYSTALLOGROPHIC POSITION OF FLUORINE IN FLUORINE-DOPED BISMUTH SYSTEM SUPERCONDUCTOR
Authors: GAO SAI  , ZHENG GUO-DONG  , GAO XIAO-HUI  , LI JIE  , JIANG SHU-FEN  , DING DUN-HUANG  ,   (1)吉林大学,长春130023; (2)中南工业大学,长沙410083
Published: November 2020

According to the changes of XPS, IR and lattice constants in bismuth (lead) system superconductor, the location of F substitution in O(2) has been determined. The Tc0 in fluorme doped bismuth (lead) system superconductor can be inproved greatly with the formation of Pb-F and Cu-F, the strengthening of coherence between Cu-O and Bi-O plane, and the increasing of chemical pressure and the density of electronic states.
EQUIVALENT GAIN EFFECT OF SOLITON PULSES IN THE FIBERS WITH SLOWLY DECREASING DISPERSION
Authors: XU WEN-CHENG  , GUO QI  , LIAO CHANG-JUN  , LIU SONG-HAO  ,   华南师范大学量子电子学研究所
Published: November 2020

The nonlinear Schr?dinger equation (NLS) including gain effect is derived from quasi-NLS equation which describes the behavior of soliton pulses in the fiber with slowly decreasing dispersion. The solution of this equation and pulse-width evolution expression are given. For step-index profile single-mode fiber, ordinary relationship between fiber structure parameters and gain coefficient are obtained. Numerical simulation shows that the fiber with slowly decreasing dispersion not only can compensate for soliton broadening caused by fiber loss, but also can compress soliton pulses.
Water distribution in confined space of single-wall carbon nanotube
Authors: Sun Zhi-Wei , He Yan , Tang Yuan-Zheng ,   College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
Published: November 2020

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), they have attracted extensive attention from scholars in various fields because of their excellent properties. The hollow-structured CNTs are often regarded as conduits and containers, which can act as nano-channels for various molecular substances in the membrane structure. As a source of life, water is indispensable to any living organism. In the application of carbon nanotubes as nanochannels, the most important is the ability of carbon nanotubes to store and transport liquids, especially nanoscaled aqueous solutions. Water molecular clusters in confined spaces exhibit unusual structures and properties. The study of special water structures in carbon nanotubes is of great theoretical importance in chemistry, biology and materials science. There are great difficulties in making the experiment on a nanoscale, but molecular dynamic simulation enables us to better study and analyze the structure and properties of water in confined space of CNT on a nanoscale. One has also studied the influence of temperature on the structure of water, but there are few studies focusing on the effect of temperature on the structure of water in confined space. Therefore, molecular dynamics simulation is used to investigate the effects of CNT diameter, CNT chirality and temperature on the water structure and distribution in a confined space. The simulation calculation is completed by GROMACS, the SPE/C water model is used for water molecules, and GROMOS96 54a7 force field is used. Because of the presence of carbon nanotubes, water molecules tend to line up against the walls of the tubes, both inside and outside. In addition, water molecules tend to form highly ordered multi-ring structures in the carbon nanotubes with a size of 1.018–1.253 nm at a certain temperature. It is difficult to form the ordered structure of water in the outer carbon nanotubes. In the above range, with the increase of pipe diameter, the structure of multi-element ring water changes from three-element ring to six-element ring. On the one hand, the ordered structure depends on the diameter of the carbon nanotube, but the chirality of the carbon nanotube does not have a great influence on it. On the other hand, the stability of the ordered structure is temperature-dependent, and the ordered structure of multiple ring water in the carbon nanotube with a larger diameter is more likely to disappear with the increase of temperature. The van der Waals potential distribution is calculated by Multiwfn, and it is concluded that the van der Waals potential inside the tube is extremely low, resulting in a very large dispersion effect, and molecules can spontaneously move from the outer area to the tube. The van der Waals potential can also be negative outside the tube. This explains why water molecules tend to line up against the wall of the tube.
Narwhal Abundance in the Eastern Canadian High Arctic in 2013
Authors: Doniol-Valcroze Thomas , Gosselin Jean-François , Pike Daniel G. , Lawson Jack W. , Asselin Natalie C. , Hedges Kevin , Ferguson Steven H.
Published: November 2020

In summer, narwhals (Monodon monoceros) migrate from Baffin Bay to northeastern Canada and northwest Greenland, where they are hunted by Inuit for subsistence. To prevent localized depletion, management of narwhals is based on summer stocks. The High Arctic Cetacean Survey (HACS), conducted in August 2013, was the first survey to estimate abundance of all 4 Canadian Baffin Bay narwhal summer stocks, as well as putative stocks in Jones Sound and Smith Sound, in the same summer. Narwhal abundance was estimated using a double-platform aerial survey. Distance sampling methods were used to estimate detection probability away from the track line. Mark-recapture methods were used to correct for the proportion of narwhals missed by visual observers on the track line (i.e., perception bias). We used a data-driven approach to identify single and duplicate sightings, using 4 covariates to compare differences in sightings made by front and rear observers based on: time of sighting, declination angle, group size, and species identity. Abundance in fjords was estimated using density surface modelling to account for their complex shape and uneven coverage. Estimates were corrected for availability bias (narwhals that are not available for detection because they are submerged when the aircraft passes overhead) using a new analysis of August dive behaviour data from narwhals equipped with satellite-linked time depth recorders. Corrected abundance estimates were 12,694 (95% CI: 6,324–25,481) for the Jones Sound stock; 16,360 (95% CI: 3,833–69,836) for the Smith Sound stock; 49,768 (95% CI: 32,945–75,182) for the Somerset Island stock; 35,043 (95% CI: 14,188–86,553) for the Admiralty Inlet stock; 10,489 (95% CI: 6,342–17,347) for the Eclipse Sound stock; and 17,555 (95% CI: 8,473–36,373) for the East Baffin Island stock. Total abundance for these 6 stocks was estimated at 141,908 (95% CI: 102,464–196,536). Sources of uncertainty arise from the high level of clustering observed, in particular in Admiralty Inlet, Eclipse Sound, and East Baffin Island, as well as the difficulty in identifying duplicate sightings between observers when large aggregations were encountered.
Identification and prognostic value of DLGAP5 in endometrial cancer
Authors: Zheng Ruoyi , Shi Zhengzheng , Li Wenzhi , Yu Jianqin , Wang Yuli , Zhou Qing
Published: November 2020

Background

Endometrial cancer poses a serious threat to women’s health worldwide, and its pathogenesis, although actively explored, is not fully understood. DLGAP5 is a recently identified cell cycle-regulation gene not reported in endometrial cancer. This study was aiming to analyze the role of DLGAP5 in tumorigenesis and development and to investigate its prognostic significance of patients with endometrial cancer.

Methodology

Microarray datasets (GSE17025, GSE39099 and GSE63678) from the GEO database were used for comparative analysis, and their intersection was obtained by applying the Venn diagram, and DLGAP5 was selected as the target gene. Next, transcriptome data (n = 578) was downloaded from TCGA-UCEC to analyze the mRNA expression profile of DLGAP5. Then, immunohistochemical data provided by HPA were used to identify the different protein expression levels of DLGAP5 in tumor tissues and normal tissues. Subsequently, the prognostic meaning of DLGAP5 in patients with endometrial cancer was explored based on survival data from TCGA-UCEC (n = 541). Finally, the reliability of DLGAP5 expression was verified by RT-qPCR.

Results

Transcriptome data from TCGA-UCEC, immunohistochemical data from HPA, and RT-qPCR results from clinical samples were used for triple validation to confirm that the expression of DLGAP5 in endometrial cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal endometrial tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis announced that the expression level of DLGAP5 was negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with endometrial cancer.

Conclusions

DLGAP5 is a potential oncogene with cell cycle regulation, and its overexpression can predict the poor prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer. As a candidate target for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer, it is worthwhile to make further study to reveal the carcinogenicity of DLGAP5 and the mechanism of its resistance of organisms.
Cancer Cell and Cancer‐Associated Fibroblast Communication‐Mediated Molecular Subtypes Portray Non‐Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment and Guide the Precision Treatment of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gao Shenglin , Liu Chuan , Mao Lixin , Chen Yin , Shi Xiaokai , Yue Chuang , Li Shouchun , Qin Xihu
Published: February 2025

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) drive tumor progression through restructuring of the tumor microenvironment. This investigation aim to elucidate the function of molecular subtypes (MS) derived from cancer cells communication with CAFs, depicting the hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment and precise bladder cancer (BLCA) treatment. The BLCA data from TCGA and several external sources are utilized to generate a novel ligand, receptor, and transcription factor (LRT) associated molecular subtype and their corresponding score (LRT score). The LRT‐mediated molecular subtype is identified via unsupervised clustering. LRT score is measured by principal component analysis. Then, the association of LRT clusters to established MS, immunophenotypes, and medical endpoints, together with BLCA treatment strategies is investigated. Two LRT clusters (A and B) are identified. LRT cluster (LRT score) can precisely propose immunophenotypes, classical MS, clinical outcomes, and BLCA therapeutic strategies. Cluster B (Low LRT score) represent a basal subtype and inflamed phenotype specified by high immunity against tumors and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it is highly sensitive to cancer immunotherapy; however, it has low sensitivity to antiangiogenic and targeted therapies. The novel LRT clusters with a strong association with biological characteristics and precise BLCA treatment strategies are derived from the communication between cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts. The LRT may be a useful clinician tool for developing individualized treatment strategies.
The Impact of Decellularization Method on the Cytocompatibility and Wound Healing Capability of Human Amniotic Membrane
Authors: Tauseef Haadia , Ahmed Kainat , Chaudhary Faiza , Salim Asmat , Mohiuddin Omair Anwar
Published: February 2025

The decellularized human amniotic membrane (dHAM) has been evaluated as a biomaterial for various tissue engineering applications, notably as a skin dressing for wound healing. The decellularization process alters the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix consequently influencing its characteristics. The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate dHAM‐E and dHAM‐S prepared by enzymatic and salt solution treatment respectively for their microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in vitro biocompatibility with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and regenerative capability in full‐thickness wound model in mice. The SEM results revealed increased porosity in dHAM‐S and better MSC adhesion and proliferation as compared to dHAM‐E. Moreover, wound healing capability assessed at day 7 and day 14 by histological analysis of the regenerated tissues indicated that the dHAM treated groups achieved greater re‐epithelialization and remodeling than the untreated group. However, dHAM‐S treated samples presented a more remodeled regenerated skin than the other groups. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of the regenerated skin displayed a higher expression of anti‐inflammatory, proliferation, and keratinization marker genes in the dHAM treated groups. Overall, it was found that dHAMs are compatible with MSCs and improve wound healing. However, clear differences were observed in the bioactivity of the two dHAMs.
Effects of Naringin and Zinc Treatment on Biochemical, Molecular, and Histological Alterations in Stomach and Pancreatic Tissues of STZ‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Abas Al‐Shimaa M. , Sherif Mohamed H. , Ibrahim Sarah
Published: February 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects multiple organs, including the stomach. This research examines the effects of naringin and/or zinc on stomach and pancreatic tissues of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes is induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Three weeks after diabetes induction, rats receive eight weeks of treatment. Malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity are estimated colorimetrically. Asprosin and P‐selectin levels are assessed via ELISA. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐кB), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ), and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) genes is carried out. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is assessed immunohistochemically, and stomach and pancreatic tissues are examined histologically. Combined naringin and zinc treatment significantly reduces gastric Malondialdehyde, serum asprosin, and P‐selectin levels in serum, stomach, and pancreas compared to diabetic rats. Additionally, gastric NF‐кB expression is significantly lower, while PPAR γ and Nrf‐2 expressions are significantly higher compared to diabetic rats. Immunohistochemical analysis and histopathological examination confirm these findings. In conclusion, combined naringin and zinc treatment significantly improves gastric alterations in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, it shows no additional impacts on pancreatic tissue compared to naringin or zinc alone.
KIF11 Inhibition Induces Retinopathy Progression by Affecting Photoreceptor Cell Ciliogenesis and Cell Cycle Regulation in Development
Authors: Xu Yue , Chen Jie , Wang Xin‐Yao , Huang Min‐Hui , Wei Xiang , Luo Xin‐Rui , Wei Ya‐Lan , She Zhen‐Yu
Published: February 2025

Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or impaired intellectual development (MCLMR; OMIM 152950) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which is primarily characterized by defects in the central nervous system and retinal developmental anomalies. Kinesin‐5 KIF11 has been discovered as a major causative gene for MCLMR. It has been well established that KIF11 is essential for microtubule organization, centrosome separation, and spindle assembly during mitosis. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms in the physiopathology of MCLMR remain largely unknown. In this study, KIF11‐inhibition mouse models are generated, which reveal that chemical inhibition of KIF11 results in defects in retinal development, the formation of rosettes, photoreceptor ciliary alterations, and vision loss. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that KIF11 is essential for the formation, organization, and maintenance of primary cilia in photoreceptor cells, which further contributes to the organization of photoreceptor cells and the development of the retina. Using the developing mouse embryos as a model, it is revealed that KIF11 inhibition induces the formation of monopolar spindle and mitotic arrest, which further results in tetraploidy and apoptotic cell death. These findings uncover cellular mechanisms underlying the loss‐of‐function of KIF11 and retinopathy in MCLMR and further support the functions of KIF11 in development.
Discovery of a Resonant High‐Level Reverse Intersystem Crossing of Hot Exciton from Conventional TTPA Fluorescent Semiconductor and an Attempt on High‐Efficiency TTPA‐Based OLEDs
Authors: Liu Junhong , Chen Jing , Wang Jingjing , Peng Teng , Wang Bo , Zhou Yinqiong , Zhang Keyi , Yang Jun , Chen Feng , Li Yuanjun , Li Qiang , Guo Jinfeng , Chen Xiaoli , Xiong Zuhong
Published: February 2025

Although high‐efficiency 9,10‐bis[N,N‐di‐(p‐tolyl)‐amino]anthracene (TTPA)‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are widely reported, their physical origins of excited states in TTPA are still vague. Herein, using the fingerprint magneto‐electroluminescence probing tool, a resonant high‐level reverse intersystem‐crossing (HL‐RISC, S1, TTPA ← T2, TTPA) of hot‐excitons is discovered from the conventional fluorescent TTPA semiconductor whose triplet exciton states are generally ignored in the previous literature. This fascinating HL‐RISC channel is well validated by the optical, electric, and magnetic properties of the undoped TTPA‐based OLEDs. For TTPA‐doped OLEDs, this channel can efficiently occur when triplet energies of the host and the exciton blocking layer are higher than that of T2, TTPA. More importantly, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 10.14% is achieved from the simple emission layer without using any phosphorescent sensitizer, i.e., just by doping the TTPA emitter into the DMAC‐DPS host with thermally activated delayed fluorescence property. This high EQE is attributed to fully harvesting singlet and triplet excitons of the device via the simultaneous utilization of the newly‐found HL‐RISC from TTPA guest and the low‐level RISC from DMAC‐DPS host. Accordingly, this work paves a novel pathway for designing high‐performance fully fluorescent OLEDs with inherent device stability and low‐cost superiority.
Delivery of A Chemically Modified Noncoding RNA Domain Improves Dystrophic Myotube Function
Authors: Niasse‐Sy Zeinabou , Zhao Bo , Lenardič Ajda , Luong Huyen Thuc Tran , Bar‐Nur Ori , Auwerx Johan , Wohlwend Martin
Published: February 2025

Fast twitch muscle fibers are prone to degradation in skeletal muscle pathologies, such as sarcopenia and muscular dystrophies. We previously showed that the exercise‐induced long noncoding RNA CYTOR promotes fast‐twitch myogenesis. Here, we identify an independent functional element within human CYTOR, and optimize its RNA delivery. In human primary myoblasts exogenous CYTOR exon 2 recapitulates the effect of full‐length CYTOR by boosting fast‐twitch myogenic differentiation. Furthermore, chemically modified CYTORexon2 RNAΨU (N1‐me‐PseudoU, 7‐methyl guanosine 5′Cap, polyA) enhances RNA stability and reduces immunogenicity to CYTORexon2 RNA. Viral‐ or chemically optimized RNA‐mediated CYTORexon2 administration drives commitment toward myogenic maturation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy‐derived primary myoblasts, myogenic progenitor cells, and mouse embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, CYTORexon2,ΨU improves key disease characteristics in dystrophic myotubes, including calcium handling and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In summary, we identify CYTOR exon 2 as the functional domain of CYTOR that can be delivered in a disease context using chemical modifications. This is of particular importance given the susceptibility of fast muscle fibers in different muscle pathologies such as aging and dystrophies, and the oncogenic effect of CYTOR exon 1. This study, therefore, highlights the potential of identifying functional domains in noncoding RNAs. Delivery, or targeting of RNA domains might constitute next‐generation RNA therapeutics.
Beyond the Extra X and Y Chromosome: The Contribution of Familial Risk for Psychopathology to the Neurodevelopmental Phenotype of Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomy
Authors: van Rijn Sophie , Kuiper Kimberly , Swaab Hanna
Published: February 2025

Individuals with an extra X or Y chromosome (sex chromosome trisomy or SCT) have an increased risk for symptoms of psychopathology and neurocognitive dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of family history (FH) of neuropsychiatric or neurocognitive disorders to the phenotype of SCT. One hundred and six children with SCT and 102 nonclinical controls, all aged 1–7 years, and their primary caregiver (parent) participated. Rates of neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders were collected for all first‐degree family members of the children. Neurocognitive tests and parental questionnaires were used to evaluate children's neurobehavioral and neurocognitive phenotypes. Results showed no systematic differences in FH of neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders between the SCT and control groups. No significant effect of a FH of psychiatric disorders was found on any of the child outcomes. FH of neurocognitive disorders had a single significant effect on child outcomes. Inattention problems in SCT were higher with a positive FH of neurocognitive disorders, showing dosage response effects. Familial factors may only minimally contribute to the overall phenotype of SCT on group level, although a positive FH of neurocognitive disorders may contribute to ADHD inattention symptoms in children with SCT, beyond the risk associated with the extra X or Y chromosome.
Description of unilateral kidney embolism and contralateral nephrectomy as a less invasive remnant kidney model in cats; a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Schmiedt Chad W. , Lourenço Bianca N. , Markovic Lauren E. , Lancaster Meghan , Gumber Sanjeev , Wannemacher Juliane , Florian Peter , Coleman Amanda E.
Published: February 2025

Background

Refined models of kidney disease are critical to better understand disease processes and study novel treatments while minimizing discomfort in research animals. The objective of this study was to report a technique for minimally invasive partial kidney embolism in cats and describe outcomes following transcatheter administration of embolic microspheres with subsequent contralateral nephrectomy.

Methods

Eleven, apparently healthy, male, purpose‐bred cats underwent unilateral kidney embolism with 0.25 or 0.5 mL of embolic microparticle (40–120 μm) suspension (0.2 mL microspheres/mL) delivered into the right renal artery under fluoroscopic guidance, followed 5 months later by contralateral nephrectomy. One month after nephrectomy, blood and urinary markers of kidney function were evaluated, and embolized kidneys were harvested for histopathology evaluation.

Results

Renal artery embolization was possible in all cats. Two cats did not complete the study, one after experiencing congestive heart failure (n = 1) and the other following evidence of complete kidney embolism precluding nephrectomy (n = 1) post‐embolization. At study end, compared to baseline, cats had significant increases in median (range) serum creatinine (159.1 μmol/L [141.4–530.4] versus 128.2 μmol/L [92.8–150.3]; p = 0.0004), urea nitrogen (15.71 mmol/L [9.29–47.85] versus 7.50 mmol/L [6.07–8.57]; p < 0.0001), and symmetric dimethylarginine (0.74 μmol/L [0.59–3.12] versus 0.67 μmol/L [0.54–0.72]; p = 0.0288) concentrations. No differences in markers of kidney function were documented between dose groups.

Conclusions

Minimally invasive kidney embolism is a promising technique for modeling kidney disease in cats. Understanding optimal dose, timing of nephrectomy, and longer‐term consequences requires additional work.
Target agnostic photoaffinity labelling by sulfonylhydrazones
Authors: Garami Kristóf , Péczka Nikolett , Petri László , Orgován Zoltán , Imre Tímea , Langó Tamás , Szabó Zoltán , Szabó Pál , Keserű György Miklós , Ábrányi-Balogh Péter
Published: February 2025

Photoaffinity labeling is a widely used methodology for interrogating small molecule‐protein interactions. However, these applications are limited by the few photo‐cross‐linkers that typically modify the affinity and the binding mode of the original ligand. Here, we report the development of new target agnostic photoaffinity warheads, sulfohydrazones that form a reactive carbene upon UV irradiation. Careful optimization of the reaction conditions allowed us to effectively label five different amino acid residues in proteins. Our approach turned biologically relevant hydrazones and sulfohydrazones to intrinsically irreversible covalent binders without structural modifications by photoactivation as demonstrated on monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) enzyme and STAT5b (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b) transcription factor. Sulfohydrazones are readily accessible by transforming the corresponding carbonyl group of a ligand or a suitable tag that extends the application domain of the method for any ligands exemplified by conditional labelling of the acetylcholine esterase enzyme and the oncogenic mutant of GTP‐ase KRasG12D.
The Substituent‐Effect in NHCP‐Plumbylenes with a Phosphaplumbene Character
Authors: Doleschal Martin E. , Ferao Arturo Espinosa , Kostenko Arseni , Kiefer Fiona J. , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: February 2025

This work explores the use of plumbylene‐phosphinidenes to address the challenge of isolating P=Pb bonds. Herein, we report the synthesis of three N‐heterocyclic carbene phosphinidene (NHCP) substituted chlorotetrylene dimers [(IDipp)PECl]2 (E = Ge, Sn, Pb; IDipp = C([N‐(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)CH]2)). Substituent attachment via salt metathesis (E = Sn, Pb) enables the isolation of NHCP‐silyl‐substituted stannylene (IDipp)PSn(SiTms2SiTol3) as well as NHCP‐silyl‐ and NHCP‐aryl‐substituted plumbylenes (IDipp)PPb(SiTms2SiTol3) and (IDipp)PPb(mTer) (mTer = 2,6‐Mes2C6H3, Tms = Trimethylsilyl). Access to these structures not only expands this chemistry to the heaviest of group 14 elements but also provides a deeper understanding of the substituent effect on NHCP‐tetrylene bonding. Computational studies demonstrate that both silyl‐ and aryl‐substituted species exhibit partial multiple bond character, with the silyl‐substituted species showing higher bond orders and reduced polarization. This is further supported by the short P‐E bond lengths observed in their solid‐state structures. Finally, the formal [2+2] cycloaddition of diphenylketene to (IDipp)PPb(mTer) provides experimental evidence for the ability of NHCP‐plumbylenes to serve as synthetic equivalents of P=Pb double bonds.
Elucidating the Role of Electric Fields in Fe Oxidation via an Environmental Atom Probe
Authors: Lambeets Sten V. , Cardwell Naseeha , Onyango Isaac , Wirth Mark G. , Vo Eric , Wang Yong , Gaspard Pierre , Ivory Cornelius F. , Perea Daniel E , de Bocarmé Thierry Visart , McEwen Jean-Sabin
Published: February 2025

We quantify the effects of intensely applied electric fields on the Fe oxidation mechanism. The specimen are pristine Fe single crystals exposing a variety of surface structures identified by field ion microscopy. These crystals are simultaneously exposed to low pressures of pure oxygen gas, on the order of 10‐7 mbar, while applying intense electric fields on their surface of several tens of volts per nanometer. The local composition of the different surface structures is probed directly and in real time using an Environmental Atom Probe and successfully compared with first principles‐based models. We found that rough Fe{244} and Fe{112} facets are more reactive toward oxygen than compact Fe{024} and Fe{011} facets. Results demonstrate that the influence of an electric field on the oxidation kinetics depends on the timescales that are involved as the system evolves toward equilibrium. The initial oxidation kinetics show that strong increases in electric fields facilitate the formation of an oxide. However, as one approaches equilibrium, high field values mitigate this formation. Ultimately, this study elucidates how high externally applied electric fields can be utilized to dynamically exploit reaction dynamics at the nanoscale towards desired products in a catalytic reaction at mild reaction conditions.
An Adhesive Adaptation Layer Mitigates the Interfacial Instabilities of Rigid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: He Yubin , Zhao Peng , Wang Lei , Jing Yaqi , Li Yanhe , Xin Huolin L.
Published: February 2025

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are widely recognized as promising candidates for enabling solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) with improved safety, high energy density, and extended cycling life. The traditional perspective posits that increasing the mechanical modulus of SPEs enhances their capacity to regulate Li0 deposition and suppress dendrite penetration. However, this study reveals a distinct failure mechanism: a rigid SPE with a high storage modulus suffers from delamination‐induced cell failure due to its inability to accommodate the volumetric changes of the Li0 anode. To address these limitations, we developed a hierarchical SPE incorporating an adhesive adaptation layer (AAL) positioned between the Li0 anode and the rigid SPE. The AAL combines strong adhesive strength, effectively mitigating delamination, with flowability, allowing it to eliminate interfacial voids and defects. Structural characterization via Cryo‐TEM and SEM demonstrates that this hierarchical design facilitates uniform, dense, and whisker‐free Li0 deposition, in sharp contrast to the uneven and porous morphology observed with the rigid SPE alone. Furthermore, the enhanced interfacial stability promotes the formation of an inorganic‐enriched SEI layer, contributing to long‐term cycling stability. As a result, the H‐SPE exhibits superior electrochemical performance, achieving 87% capacity over 960 cycles when paired with high‐loading (1.6 mAh/cm2) NMC622 cathode.
Quantum Mechanical Tunnelling Probes with Redox Cycling for Ultra‐Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules
Authors: Yi Long , Jiang Tao , Ren Ren , Cao Ji , Edel Joshua B. , Ivanov Aleksandar P. , Tang Longhua
Published: February 2025

Quantum mechanical tunnelling sensors (QMTs) have emerged as a promising technology for next‐generation single‐molecule detection. When QMT sensors are combined with redox species, repeated oxidation and reduction (redox cycling) can also be observed. We developed robust QMT probes with electrode gap distances below 2 nm. Using the generator‐collector (GC) mode, we verified that redox cycling of the ferrocyanide/ferricyanide (Fe(CN)63‐/4‐) couple occurs both in the tunnelling regime and on the electrode surface. Our findings indicated that the current enhancement is affected by both the gap distance and surface modifications of the probes. These QMT probes exhibited remarkable sensitivity, capable of detecting Fe(CN)63‐/4‐ concentrations as low as sub‐picomolar levels. Utilising this ability to modulate redox reactions, we adapted the QMT probes to serve as electrochemical sensors for detecting viral proteins. By modifying the electrode surfaces, our functionalised QMT probes achieved sub‐pM detection limits with high selectivity in biofluids such as nasopharyngeal secretions. These findings highlight the potential of QMT probes to develop into a new class of electrochemical tunnelling sensors, offering significant advancements in biomedical diagnostics.
Highly Efficient Ag/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs Catalyzed Green Synthesis of New Derivatives of 1,2,4‐Triazine: The Cytotoxic Activity Investigation of 1,2,4‐Triazines
Authors: Iravani Nasir , Barani Khatereh Khandan , Moradian Majid , Hossaini Zinatossadat
Published: February 2025

This study synthesized 1,2,4‐triazines, a novel class of derivatives, with a high efficiency using a multicomponent reaction. The reaction involved oxoindolinylidene malononitrile, ethyl 2‐arylamino‐4‐dioxo‐4‐arylbutanoates, and hydrazonoyl chlorides in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The reaction was facilitated by the presence of Ag/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs. This study examines the antioxidant properties of 1,2,4‐triazine in addition to the other research undertaken in this work. Using the MTT test, the cytotoxic properties of all the produced compounds were assessed in vitro against cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and A549) and normal cell lines (BEAS‐2B). It was discovered that the most effective cytotoxic agent, doxorubicin like in its lack of selectivity, was Derivative 4e. On the other hand, Compound 4b might be regarded as an equipotent molecule with greater selectivity in relation to doxorubicin. The production process of 1,2,4‐triazine demonstrated several advantageous features, including rapid reactions, high yields of the final product, and straightforward separation of the catalyst and product from the reaction mixture.
Research on autonomous decision‐making method for spacecraft in the mission of rendezvous and approaching to maneuvering target based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Huang Cheng , Xing Aijia , Zeng Quanli , Xiong Fangyu
Published: February 2025

In this paper, an autonomous decision‐making method for close‐range rendezvous and approaching to noncooperative target with strong maneuvering is proposed based on the distributed distributional deep determined policy gradient (D4PG), and ground simulation system of rendezvous and approaching is constructed by the improved YOLOv5s and universal robotic arm to verify the effectiveness and feasibility. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) an improved nearest neighbor exploration mechanism including random constant value and logarithmic constant value is proposed to stabilize the convergence for the decision‐making under the uncertainty; (2) a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)‐based preprocessing, a fusion of generalized additive model (GAM), and an optimization scheme are proposed for the dark background and false detection of black objects; and (3) a comparison analysis of simulation result between the traditional noise and proposed state‐based exploration is presented for the superiority and some robot‐based ground experiments are done to verify feasibility of close‐range space rendezvous and approaching.