bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PEGAWAI DENGAN KINERJA PEGAWAI DI POLITEKNIK LP3I BANDUNG
Authors: Cuhenda
Published: July 2023

Hubungan antara Karakteristik Pegawai dengan Kinerja Pegawai Politeknik LP3I Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana hubungan Karakteristik Pegawai dengan Kinerja Pegawai Politeknik LP3I Bandung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan verivikatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Sedangkan metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji korelasi, uji regresi, dan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Karakteristik Pegawai berpengaruh sebesar 30,3 % terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Politeknik LP3I Bandung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil oleh Manajemen Politeknik LP3I Bandung adalah agar melakukan upaya lebih meningkatkan kinerja Pegawai melalui perbaikan Karakteristik Pegawai secara intensif, berkelanjutan dan terkoordinasi.
PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Panji Pramuditha S.Sos, M.M
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The aim of this study is examine the impact between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction to job performance. This study is using survey from PT Bank BII Maybank Indonesia Tbk Secured Loan division Asia Afrika Bandung, and used 64 people from secured loan division as respondent. Also, all data can be used. The outliers, validity, reliability, descriptive statistics and verificative statistics tests were conducted before hypothesis was tested. The linier regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesis.The result shows that emotional intelligence and job satisfaction have impact to job performance in PT Bank BII Maybank Indonesia Tbk Secured Loan Division Asia Afrika Bandung of 63.84%, while the rest 36.16 % influenced by other variable. Based on the results of studies there are some advice to improve employee performance .The emotional intelligence be better if focus to motivate employees and do morning breafing. Gave directions in the point of view of customers. Clear the rewards and pusnishment to increase again variable satisfaction work.
HUBUNGAN KEMAMPUAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI POLITEKNIK LP3I BANDUNG
Authors: Bambang Suprayogi,S.E., M.Si.
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kemampuan dan motivasi kerja  memberikan pengaruh dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan Politeknik LP3I Bandung.

Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Ada pengaruh  yang positif antara kemampuan dengan kinerja karyawan, (2) Ada pengaruh yang positif antara motivasi kerja dengan kinerja karyawan, (3) Ada pengaruh  yang positif antara kemampuan dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan.

Pengumpulan data variabel bebas, kemampuan karyawan dan motivasi kerja karyawan melalui kuesioner.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan dan motivasi kerja merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan Politeknik LP3I Bandung.
Analisis Beban Kerja Petugas Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah (TPA) Cipayung Kota Depok Propinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Yuyun Taufik
Published: July 2023

Studi ini tentang analisis beban kerja petugas tempat pemrosesan akhir sampah (TPA) Cipayung Kota Depok Propinsi Jawa Barat. Pengukuran beban kerja, bertujuan dapat menghitung pembagian tugas dan beban kerja, meningkatkan produktifitas kerja dan menentukan kebutuhan sumber daya manusia. Peningkatan produktifitas kerja karyawan pada tiap – tiap unit  kerja diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja TPA Cipayung Kota Depok. Metode Pengumpulan dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara terstruktur, observasi lapangan, penyebaran kuesioner dan arsip perusahaan. Metode analisis dengan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, menghitung beban kerja kuantitatif dan kualitatif serta menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa beban kerja tinggi yaitu petugas excavator dan petugas bulldozer, beban kerja sesuai yaitu pesapon dan satpam dan beban kerja rendah yaitu admin dan petugas timbangan truk sampah. Dari hasil penelitian ini, perlu adanya pelatihan sesuai dengan uraian pekerjaan (job desk) bagi tiap pekerja untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pekerja, sehingga bisa meningkatkan efektifitas kerja. Untuk pekerjaan yang mempunyai risiko tinggi, perlu dipertimbangan untuk mendaftarkan asuransi bagi pekerja tersebut (transfer risiko). Perlu diterapkan Standar K3 (Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja) yang merupakan mandatori dari bagian tenaga kerja dalam melakukan pekerjaan, mengingat risiko pekerjaan yang cukup besar. Serta penerapan Zoning Area, untuk alasan keamanan.
Pengaruh Budaya Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Bank Mandiri Syariah Banjar
Authors: Puji Pramesti
Published: July 2023

Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua variabel X (Budaya kerja) dan variabel Y (Kinerja Karyawan). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Budaya kerja PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri, kinerja karyawan PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri, dan pengaruh budaya kerja terhadap kinerja PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Banjar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis untuk membahas identifikasi masalah bagaiman budaya kerja pada PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Banjar dan bagaimana kinerja karyawan paa PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Banjar dan verifikatif analisis untuk membahas identifikasi masalah seberapa besarpengaruh budaya kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Banjar. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, angket (kuesioner), dan kepustakaan. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh budaya kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Banjar. Untuk mengukur besarnya pegaruh variabel tersebut digunakan regresi linier sederhana dan koefisien determinasi dengan bantuan program aplikasi komputer SPSS 25.0. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan metode statistik yaitu regresi linier sederhana, diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi (KD) sebesar 69,4% dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.833. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa budaya kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri Banjar.
Increasing Survivability of the Battalion Command Post against Artillery Fire Using Antenna Extension
Authors: Rolenec Ota , Záleský Jaroslav , Šilinger Karel , Hampelová Lucie
Published: July 2023

The command post is a key element of the troop assembly that must be concealed and protected from the enemy. This paper examines the possible increase in survivability of a battalion command post from the effects of enemy artillery fire by deception prior to electronic signature detection by extending the antenna of radio communication assets. Using modelling, the areas of possible command post locations, the exact command post positions and the areas of artillery fire were marked in a geoprocessing tool. Statistical methods were then used to evaluate the success rate of command post destruction. Since there are no documents available that address this issue, the results of this research will allow an assessment of the effectiveness of this measure.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Assets Protection by Air Defense Means from Cruise Missiles Strikes
Authors: Zahorka Oleksii , Vasyliovych Polishchuk Serhii Polishchuk , Zahorka Iryna
Published: July 2023

Air and sea-based cruise missiles are the most dangerous means of air attack. Local air defense is organized to protect assets from these strikes. This takes into account the possible directions of cruise missiles strikes and the effectiveness of assets protection. The effectiveness of assets protection from cruise missiles strikes is assessed by the probability of their preservation, which is determined using the developed methodology based on a simulation model of air defense. The method allows taking into con-sideration the impact of the peculiarities of the cruise missiles usage and the peculiarities of the air defense functioning on the effectiveness of assets protection, in repelling cruise missiles strikes. The application of the method is shown in an example.
Use of a Handheld Raman Spectrometer for Identification of Toxic Agents in Clandestine Laboratories
Authors: Rozsypal Tomáš , Greplová Nikola
Published: July 2023

Handheld Raman spectrometers are commonly used as fast detectors for preliminary noncontact analysis of a number of chemicals. The article deals with their possible use for military identification of chemical warfare agents and their precursors. Spectra of 29 chemical substances were recorded. Based on the similarity of the spectra in the library, the device was able to automatically detect 20 substances in all measurement methods, 1 substance only in the most transparent containers. By means of external software and the creation of a user’s library, the vibrations of functional groups in the respective molecules were assigned to the individual Raman bands, thereby creating a database that enables the identification of toxic substances.
Official long-term and short-term strategies for preventing the spread of rumors
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Qiu Xiaoyan
Published: July 2023

Recently, public security incidents caused by rumor spreading have frequently occurred, leading to public panic, social chaos and even casualties. Therefore, how governments establish strategies to restrain rumor spreading is important for judging their governance capacity. Herein, we consider one long-term strategy (education) and two short-term strategies (isolation and debunking) for officials to intervene in rumor spreading. To investigate the effects of these strategies, an improved rumor-spreading model and a series of mean-field equations are proposed. Through theoretical analysis, the effective thresholds of three rumor-prevention strategies are obtained, respectively. Finally, through simulation analysis, the effectiveness of these strategies in preventing rumor spreading is investigated. The results indicate that long-term and short-term strategies are effective in suppressing rumor spreading. The greater the efforts of governments to suppress rumors, the smaller the final rumor size. The study also shows that the three strategies are the best when applied simultaneously. The government can adopt corresponding measures to suppress rumor spreading effectively.
Location optimization of fresh food e-commerce front warehouse
Authors: Zhang Dezheng , Chen Shuai , Zhou Na , Shi Pu
Published: July 2023

The ongoing emergence of COVID-19 and the maturation of cold chain technology, have aided in the rapid development of the fresh produce e-commerce industry. Taking into account the characteristics of consumers' demand for fresh products, this paper constructs a location allocation model of a front warehouse for fresh e-commerce with the objective of minimizing the total cost. An improved immune optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by a real case study. The results show that the improved immune optimization algorithm outperforms the traditional genetic algorithm in terms of solution accuracy; the proposed location model can effectively help fresh produce e-commerce enterprises open new front-end warehouses when demand is increasing, as well as provide optimal economic decision-making for front warehouse layout.
Multi-scale feature fusion for pavement crack detection based on Transformer
Authors: Yang Yalong , Niu Zhen , Su Liangliang , Xu Wenjing , Wang Yuanhang
Published: July 2023

Automated pavement crack image segmentation presents a significant challenge due to the difficulty in detecting slender cracks on complex pavement backgrounds, as well as the significant impact of lighting conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for automated pavement crack detection using a multi-scale feature fusion network based on the Transformer architecture, leveraging an encoding-decoding structure. In the encoding phase, the Transformer is leveraged as a substitute for the convolution operation, which utilizes global modeling to enhance feature extraction capabilities and address long-distance dependence. Then, dilated convolution is employed to increase the receptive field of the feature map while maintaining resolution, thereby further improving context information acquisition. In the decoding phase, the linear layer is employed to adjust the length of feature sequence output by different encoder block, and the multi-scale feature map is obtained after dimension conversion. Detailed information of cracks can be restored by fusing multi-scale features, thereby improving the accuracy of crack detection. Our proposed method achieves an F1 score of 70.84% on the Crack500 dataset and 84.50% on the DeepCrack dataset, which are improvements of 1.42% and 2.07% over the state-of-the-art method, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher detection accuracy, better generalization and better crack detection results can be obtained under both high and low brightness conditions.
Impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux des risques d’inondation dans le bassin versant de l’Oti au Togo (Afrique de l’Ouest)
Authors: Koungbanane Dambré , Lemou Faya , Djangbedja Minkilabe , Totin Henri S. Vodounon
Published: July 2023

Le bassin versant de la rivière Oti, au Togo, est aujourd’hui confronté à des phénomènes de variabilité climatique caractérisés par des événements récurrents d’inondation qui fragilisent les systèmes humains et environnementaux. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux des inondations dans le bassin versant de l’Oti au Togo. Ainsi pour arriver à cette fin, les données pluviométriques (hauteur de pluies journalières de 1961-2017), hydrométriques (débits journaliers de 1961-2017) et épidémiologiques du district sanitaire de Mango ont été utilisées. De même, les statistiques agricoles et les données issues des enquêtes socio-économiques ont été utilisées. Les indices d’anomalies de précipitations et de débits, et la classification de McKee (1993) ont été utilisés pour caractériser les seuils d’aléa d’inondation. Des enquêtes de terrain ont été menées auprès des populations afin de connaître les impacts causés par les inondations dans le bassin versant. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les années 1962, 1964 et 2015 ont été des années extrêmement humides et celles de 1968, 1999, 2012 et 2013 sont des années très humides dans l’ensemble du bassin versant de l’Oti. Les indices hydrométriques connaissent une importante variation des débits maximaux annuels à partir des années 1960 dans les sous bassins de l’Oti à Mango et à Mandouri. Ce qui veut dire que l’évolution dans la série des débits maximaux est en lien avec les pluies journalières extrêmes. Le risque d’inondation dans le bassin versant a des répercussions socio-économiques, sanitaires et environnementales. Ces impacts se résument à des pertes en vies humaines, des objets précieux et des revenus des acteurs économiques, l’augmentation des cas de maladies diarrhéiques et du paludisme, les marques psychologiques des victimes, l’érosion des sols, la perte de la biodiversité végétale et animale, la pollution de l’eau et de la nature, etc.
Teleporting Higher Education
Authors: Baytak Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Education had been done face-to-face since the first learning activity. As time progressed, there were times when people started to conduct education with different media, such as letters, later on radios, television, and the internet. Although there had been different distance learning opportunities, usage has been limited until COVID. After life with COVID, there are countries or universities that continue to do distance education or hybrid learning, although the pandemic conditions are relaxed. Virtual worlds, which are newly released and provide easy design, can be provided to be a more effective and efficient learning environment for institutions that provide education at university level. In this book chapter, the transformation of universities into digital will be discussed in detail, primarily through free virtual worlds and augmented reality applications such as Mozilla Hub.
Come Here for Bachelor's +
Authors: Oladele Femi , Oladele Seun
Published: July 2023

The possibility of earning both a generic bachelor's degree plus a recognised professional qualification/certification termed graduate professionalisation is a strategic bait for both potential students and their sponsors. This chapter explores how higher education providers use graduate professionalisation strategy (GPS) as a potent marketing scheme to attract prospective students and increase enrolment. The chapter also presents results of a web search approach to explore the use of GPS among selected leading Nigerian private universities in management sciences (Accounting, Banking and Finance, and Business Administration). Findings show that while graduate professionalisation strategy is a valid marketing strategy, its use in online spaces for marketing higher education is limited. With the pervasive use of and dependence on web-enabled advertising, the GPS could assume a significant online dimension in the development and dissemination of promotional materials.
Style and Distinctive Uses of Language in Nigeria's First-Generation Private Universities' Vision and Mission Statements
Authors: Idowu-Faith Bimbola
Published: July 2023

This chapter employs Systemic Functional Linguistics to account for style and distinctive language usage in the vision and mission statements of Nigeria's first-generation private universities. The objective of the chapter is to examine how certain linguistic resources in the statements reflect the intersection of language, context, and meaning, thereby creating the style or register of these institutions' vision and mission statements. The findings reveal that the configuration of linguistic resources revolves around five themes: high self-ranking, qualitative research, teaching and learning, rectitude, qualitative graduates, and positive societal impact. Additionally, at the lexicogrammatical level, there is a predominant use of the Relational Process, as well as verbal sequences involving "to be" and "be to + stem verb." The study concludes that the prominent linguistic elements and distinctive syntactic patterns in the statements not only contribute to the style or register of the private universities' vision and mission statements but also effectively convey the institutions' purpose and idealized future, thus strategically appealing to prospective clients and serving marketization objectives.
The Semiotics of the Logos of Selected Universities in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Olaifa Lydia Tomilola , Oyebanji Olubunmi Funmi
Published: July 2023

Abstract coloured logos of universities are one of the foremost visual elements representing the beliefs of higher institutions of learning and which are difficult for the audience to ignore. This study examined how the combination of colours and logos is employed as a branded identity by universities to tell the world about their beliefs and values. The study examines the use of colour in the logos of six universities in Southwestern Nigeria using Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen's approach to multimodality. A socio-semiotic study of the selected logos provided insights into what these Nigerian universities stand for and what they do. Apart from the beauty logos added to the social media platforms, they have also become means by which higher institutions of learning sell themselves. Their ideas and beliefs are subtly advertised through the logos. The socio-semiotic approach helped in deconstructing how this is done.
Visuality, Professionalism, and Branding
Authors: Fawunmi Mayowa Owolabi , Ogundare Ajibola Samuel , Iredele Tolulope Deborah
Published: July 2023

This chapter presents a multimodal discourse analysis of logos of selected specialised higher institutions in Nigeria with a view to showcasing their communicative values and semiotic implications to the goals of the educational establishments. The data comprised five (5) purposively selected logos from five specialised higher institutions in Nigeria – Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Federal School of Surveying, Oyo, University of Medical Science, Ondo and Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna. Data obtained were downloaded from the Internet and analysed using Kress & van Leeuwen's Grammar of Visual Design. The analysis reveals that the producers of each institution's logo creatively constructed the verbal and visual resources to project the establishment goals of the institutions within the context of educational branding in Nigeria. The study concludes that logos of higher institutions serve both educational and corporate branding goals and while the former is explicit, the latter is often implicit.
Redesigning Library Information Literacy Education With the BOPPPS Model
Authors: Xue Yuang , Lam Apple Hiu Ching , Chiu Dickson K. W.
Published: July 2023

Information literacy education is a crucial driver for the rapid development and success of current academic library services. Yet, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and Internet technology advancement has limited traditional library information literacy education. Therefore, this study analyzes the problems through interviews with librarians and combining library website information with our case, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Library (HKUSTL), with the BOPPPS model to redesign information literacy education for better development. Problems discovered include monotonic educational activities and content, low student participation, ineffectiveness, and funding shortage. Strategic suggestions include better planning and control of the teaching process and effective teaching feedback evaluation. Scant studies analyze library instruction with the BOPPPS model, especially in Asia. These suggestions contribute to the development of library instruction in the post-COVID era.
Factors Affecting the Use of Best Available Techniques and the Impact on Business Sustainability
Authors: Phu Giang Nguyen
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the application of the best available techniques (BAT) in enterprises. The article also analyzes the different approaches of the BAT, clearly stating how to apply the BAT and the conditions for using the BAT. The article also identifies and measures the factors affecting the application of BAT in enterprises. In addition, the paper also analyzes and measures the influence of BAT and other factors on the sustainable development of enterprises. The article shows that if using the BAT technique as an alternative technique while not needing to invest more in machinery and equipment, and resources, only changing the way of operation and processing process, enterprises can increase the level of environmental protection, make use of waste to complete the closed process, reduce costs, and increase profits. From that, the article proves that BAT is the best technique to prevent or reduce emissions and environmental impacts; businesses must use BAT if their activities are installations or manufacturing, export, and processing enterprises. The authors collect data from 192 manufacturing enterprises in six industries. The main data analysis method of this study is the structural equation modeling method (SEM). The article used AMOS software to evaluate and measure the influence of each factor on the application of BAT in the enterprise and the impact on the sustainability of the enterprise. BAT research has shown that the rational use of resources is essential. Measuring and recording information through the evaluation of techniques used in production also shows that we are disrupting the ecological environment without recreating it. We live by capital, not by added value, so environmental protection is necessary.
The Analysis of the Artistic Innovation of LED Lighting in Gymnasiums Based on Intelligent Lighting Control Systems
Authors: Huang Yan , Xiao Zhihui
Published: July 2023

With people's attention to and participation in sports, large-scale and comprehensive gymnasiums have sprung up nationwide. Unlike previous small gymnasiums, large modern gymnasiums have more robust functions, more intelligent control, and humanization. However, some shortcomings remain, such as too centralized control and inflexible control. Therefore, intelligent control and energy saving of lighting will become the development direction of lighting systems. To ensure the normal progress of sports events and the quality of TV broadcast, the requirements of gym lighting are increasingly stringent, so the lighting control system of gyms has higher requirements accordingly. To solve these problems, this paper designs a gym intelligent control lighting system based on LED bus, which can adapt to the corresponding lighting scenes of different venues. The experimental results show that the intelligent lighting control system designed in this paper can run normally and stably, and can complete the detection of crucial working parameters. This system can automatically control the light and dark and switch off according to the indoor lighting brightness, achieving a sound energy saving effect, improving the lighting environment, and achieving the desired goal.
Multi-Intelligence English Teaching Model Based on Distance and Open Education
Authors: Chu Jinjin , Szlagor Maciej
Published: July 2023

Distance education between the student and the teacher through online sessions can make it difficult for a student who does not understand a concept to ask for clarification. Lack of a physical campus or social pressure from peers can demotivate students from completing their assignments. The framework of multi-intelligence English teaching based on cloud technology (MIET-CT) is introduced to solve these kinds of issues. The method of blended learning (BL) combines in-person instruction with digital resources to improve distance and open education by examining the efficacy of a learning strategy, with an emphasis on collaborative and autonomous learning (CAL) by artificial intelligence (AI). Cloud technology can potentially encourage students' independent learning as a cognitive tool by providing a cloud platform and multimedia instruction by domain modeling. As a result, various English teaching styles have been shown to increase student's motivation to learn and provide more impressive classroom results than conventional methods.
Machine Learning Approach to Classify Breast Tissues: A Case Study Using Six-classed Breast Tissue Data
Authors: Santharooban S. , Abeysundara S. P.
Published: July 2023

The present study investigates the effectiveness of six Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in classifying the breast tissue dataset generated using the electrical impedance spectroscopy method. This study used the breast tissue dataset available at the UCI machine learning repository, consisting of 106 spectral records with ten variables. The data were partitioned into train and test datasets. Sixty six percentage of data was allocated for the train dataset and balance for the test dataset. Six ML algorithms were tested for effectiveness using accuracy, Cohen’s Kappa, sensitivity and specificity. The results revealed that the backpropagation algorithm (BPN) produced the highest accuracy and Kappa compared to other machine learning algorithms in classifying the six-classed breast tissue dataset. Both Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) produced the second-highest accuracy and Kappa. The C5.0 decision tree algorithm takes the third level. The fourth and fifth levels of accuracy are Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), respectively. The sensitivity of all classes by the classification of BPN was more than eighty percentage, which is higher than other machine learning algorithms. The specificity of all classes predicted by BPN was more than ninety six percentage and was comparatively at the highest level than other machine learning algorithms. Therefore, the study concludes that the backpropagation algorithm will effectively classify the six classed breast tissue data.
The Aircraft, the Rotorcraft and the Life of Walter Rieseler 1890-1937
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), G. Berend
Published: July 2023

Walter Rieseler was a German aeronautical pioneer, who initially was successfully designing fixed-wing aircraft, then was the first to invent an automatic feathering control mechanism for autogyros. Today he is mentioned in conjunction with the Wilford gyroplane, where his invention came to fruition. Back in Germany, he designed helicopters competing with the famous aeronautical pioneers Henrich Focke and Anton Flettner, until after his sudden death all activities ceased and his name fell into darkness.
A Motion Primitive Perspective on Rotorcraft Regime Recognition
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Saetti Umberto , Rogers Jonathan
Published: July 2023

An alternative approach to regime recognition that is based on the notion of motion primitives is developed. The algorithm developed is non-causal and leverages the ideas of maneuvers and trims as defined in a motion primitive context. The algorithm functions in three major steps. Given a state and control input time history obtained from flight data, the first step consists of classifying the state and control time history into trim and maneuver segments. The second step leverages the information in the trim state and control vectors to classify each trim segment into a particular trim condition based on conditional (if-else-if) logic. The third step entails the classification of each maneuver segment (flown between two trim segments) as a particular maneuver condition. Importantly, maneuver classification leverages dynamic time warping in order to compensate for rate and time duration variations. Accuracy of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using SH-60B simulated flight data. Operation of the algorithm is also demonstrated using real-world piloted flight test data from a generic utility helicopter.
Bell 525 Relentless - Using Tail Rotor Torque Measurements for Maintenance Credit
Authors:   Bell Textron Inc., Tucker Brian , Waller Drew , Patel Ankit
Published: July 2023

In the course of operation, rotorcraft structural components will encounter loading cycles that are often associated with excursions in the main rotor and tail rotor torque. Rotorcraft designs anticipate these load excursions via a design usage spectrum that factors a certain number of such load conditions per flight hour. In general, the usage spectrum assumes worst-case usage regardless of how the helicopter is actually flown. Thus, maintenance intervals are the same regardless of how the helicopter operator uses the aircraft. If a means exists to detect the actual occurrence of these load cycles (per flight hour) and the measured occurrence is less frequent than the assumption in the design usage spectrum, a usage credit could apply. Such a usage credit would reduce maintenance cost by allowing longer intervals between inspections and longer intervals between replacement lives for certain life-limited components. Such a methodology is being sought for the Bell 525, which has a tachometer-based tail rotor torque measurement system. Main rotor torque is also available and is calculated from known engine torque, tail rotor torque, and losses. The torque measurement system has almost two thousand hours of flight test results that show it to be highly accurate. A methodology to use the tail rotor torque measurement and main rotor torque calculation to safely substantiate future usage credits and achieve reduced maintenance cost is put forward. Finally, an application for this sensor technology to detect drive system faults is introduced.
Event-Based Regime Recognition Accuracy
Authors:   Spire Innovations LLC, Hull Jason ,   Naval Air Systems Command, Glucksman-Glaser Mark , Monaco Jeffrey , Semidey Roberto
Published: July 2023

Regime Recognition (RR) is a key enabling technology for a Usage Based Maintenance (UBM) program. If the estimated aircraft usage spectrum provided by such an RR algorithm is sufficiently accurate, then component life expenditure can be calculated as a function of the duration and number of occurrences of each flight regime. In general, production RR algorithms with the required accuracy have not been fielded, in part because of the challenges associated with Verification and Validation (V&V). In particular, the distinction between transient (event-based) regimes and steady-state (duration-based) regimes is an important consideration when defining performance metrics in a V&V process. While duration-based regimes lend themselves well to traditional analysis metrics that employ a confusion matrix, event-based regimes lack the error properties that make such analysis methods possible. In this paper we present analysis methods that address this deficiency and allow the use of well understood metrics derived from the traditional confusion matrix.
Modeling a Maintenance Free Operating Period Strategy for Future Vertical Lift
Authors:   United States Military Academy, Beigh Matthew ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Burgess James ,   Georgia Institute of Technology, Schrage Daniel , Bellocchio Andrew
Published: July 2023

The U.S. Department of Defense has begun the acquisition of the next generation of military rotorcraft, named Future Vertical Lift (FVL), to replace its aging fleet. U.S. Army Futures Command intends to sustain FVL under a new strategy of maintenance free operating periods (MFOP). This study developed a discrete event simulation to evaluate MFOP success given component reliabilities, desired MFOP duration, and operational tempo of a battalion with thirty aircraft. The simulation compared notional FVL aircraft with improved reliability to today's fleet. Results indicated that inherent reliability alone was insufficient to achieve MFOP goals and that prognostics and diagnostics with robust information management are necessary. Sensitivity studies found the recovery effort after an MFOP was linked to the MFOP duration. Recovery downtime was tied to both the duration and operational tempo. Availability and cost improved with moderate gains in MFOP duration by eliminating unnecessary preventive maintenance but overextending the MFOP sacrificed aircraft dependability for marginally greater availability and savings.
Monitoring Gross Weight and Center of Gravity Position: A Review of the Challenges and Current Estimation Approaches
Authors:   National Research Council Canada, Cheung Catherine , To Davis
Published: July 2023

Weight and balance activities are widely recognized and understood as important steps in the operation and maintenance of an aircraft to ensure safe and efficient flight. From the pilot's perspective, the operational limits and maneuverability of the aircraft are directly linked to the weight and balance of the aircraft. From a structural perspective, fatigue damage can vary significantly with center of gravity position and gross weight. In-flight center of gravity and gross weight estimation has been pursued for many years with varying success. One of the major challenges is the lack of data to verify an estimation model, since these parameters cannot be easily measured using sensors in flight. This paper reviews in detail the requirement and challenges of accurately monitoring center of gravity and gross weight. In addition, a survey of published work on the estimation of these values is provided. These efforts are divided into four categories: helicopter dynamic models, performance charts, state estimation, and machine learning methods.
Rotorcraft Lubrication Optimization through Grease Sampling and Analysis
Authors:   The Boeing Company, Singer Tim ,   AMRRI, Johnson Mike ,   MRG Labs, Wurzbach Richard
Published: July 2023

Rotorcraft, like most machines, require periodic lubrication tasks to ensure continued safe and reliable operation. Optimal lubrication intervals are desired to maintain system performance while minimizing aircraft downtime and maintenance labor. Boeing and AMRRI conducted a Lubrication Optimization Study (LOS) on the H-47 Chinook helicopter to establish the necessary engineering artifacts to define the grease lubrication intervals for selected Drive, Rotor, and Landing Gear components. Grease samples were collected from these components by H-47 operators from multiple nations and submitted for a laboratory analysis to characterize how wear, properties and contaminants change as time and aircraft hours accumulate. The LOS also revealed opportunities to further evaluate and leverage the data produced in this study, including determining superior performance of specific lubricants within the Mil-Spec designation, testing of greases for compatibility5 when mixed, and enhancing new grease cleanliness to extend component life.
Bell 505 Automation at Final Assembly - Project Octopus
Authors:   Bell Textron, Roche Cédric
Published: July 2023

Functional testing of aircraft systems at final assembly has typically been a manually intensive and time consuming process. With the introduction of sophisticated avionics displays, system checkouts require numerous button presses and significant movement of the technicians in and around the aircraft to verify functionality. To accelerate functional testing, the Bell 505 team set out to eliminate most of the tedious steps by developing an easy to use computer assisted tool called "Octopus". In the process, the 505 final assembly team was able to take a fresh look at manual procedures and harvest the experience of "how things have been done" to create a better way. Working closely with the employees involved in the chain of functional testing steps, the automated process was commissioned. The resulting "Octopus" reflects the knowledge and skills of the engineers responsible for creating the functional test procedure and the technician performing the test. Having placed strong emphasis on getting "every voice heard," the Octopus automatically runs through the procedural steps to verify each function of the aircraft avionics system. As a project, the Octopus was able to remove a bottleneck from final assembly and eliminate 20 labor hours in the process.
Reducing Risk in 3D Printed Composite Tooling
Authors:   Sikorsky a Lockheed Martin Company, Dunn Eric
Published: July 2023

For high end composite manufacturing in a rapid development environment, the long lead item is often the hard tooling, in particular the cure mold. A traditional metal mold takes in the neighborhood of four to nine months to design, fabricate and validate. With high temperature capable print materials, and larger and faster printers, Additive Manufacturing (AM) appears to have high potential in this area of advanced composites manufacturing. Sikorsky has used AM very successfully on a scale up to approximately 3'x3' and cure temperatures of 350°F. Though long-term durability is still to be determined; the materials, technologies, and techniques Sikorsky has employed for AM autoclave cure molds on this scale have consistently exceeded expectations. AM tools along the scale of main rotor blades could be leveraged to realize even more significant cost and schedule gains from AM autoclave tooling, and in this area, there are still more questions than answers when it comes to a dependable tooling solution. Rotorcraft development, in particular Future Vertical Lift (FVL), programs offer an opportunity to realize the significant schedule and cost benefits AM can provide for composite tooling.
Practical Solutions for Embedding Fiber Optic Strain Sensors in Composites
Authors:   Sikorsky a Lockheed Martin Company, Dew Nathaniel ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Camp Daniel , Robeson Mark
Published: July 2023

A multidisciplinary team performing under the Aircraft and Aircrew Protection (A&AP) project between Sikorsky and the US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (CCDC AvMC) successfully demonstrated the assembly of a full-scale fiber-optic-instrumented composite aircraft structure assembly. Through a building-block progression from test coupons to sub-scale to full-scale assemblies, the team developed practical strategies to maximize fiber optic survival rate and utility. Ultimately, the team defined and implemented five key elements to enable successful fiber optic strain sensor embedment in structural composites: thoughtful arrangement of the fiber optic network, controlled placement of strain sensors and excess fiber in the laminate, accommodation of minimum fiber optic bend radii, encapsulation of the fiber at the egress point from the composite laminate, and protection of the connector termination. These elements allow for a robust strain-sensing network that can be utilized for damage detection and advanced structural health monitoring.
Comparison of Different Approaches for Modeling Vortex - Rotor Wake Interference on Rotor Trim
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), G. Berend
Published: July 2023

The flight of a helicopter within the wake of a preceding fixed-wing aircraft, for example during air-to-air refueling, is accompanied by vortex-rotor interactions. Prior studies made use of many simplifying assumptions such as ignoring any interactions of the rotor wake with the fixed-wing tip vortex, or assuming a vortex deflection into the rotor slipstream once the vortex reaches the rotor disk. The full mutuality of vortex and rotor wake interactions requires a free-wake solution to the problem. In the paper free-wake solutions are presented for different advance ratios and compared to existing simplified solutions. The results indicate that the simplified solutions are valid for higher advance ratios whereas very small advance ratios require the use of a free-wake approach.
Performance of Gradient Boosted Trees for Prediction of Coaxial Inflow Models with XGBoost
Authors:   Washington University in St. Louis, Seidel Cory , Genter Ethan , Peters David
Published: July 2023

Finite-state methods are essential for developing accurate and efficient inflow models for flight dynamics in rotorcraft. Recent updates in the field allow for the application of finite-state inflow models to multi-rotor systems using the adjoint theorem, which involves time delays and adjoint variables. However, the addition of time delays and adjoint variables comes with higher computing requirements, limiting the ability of real-time analysis. This paper explores the capabilities of regression modeling with gradient boosted trees in XGBoostTM as a potential solution to counter limitations. The investigation entails data density analysis and XGBoostTM hyperparameter searches to determine the best model and amount of data needed to reach respectable performance for velocity distributions across the lower rotor disk.
System Identification of a Coaxial Ultralight Helicopter
Authors:   University of Stuttgart, Richter Tobias ,   edm aerotec GmbH, Grebing Benedikt , Rothaupt Benjamin , Fichter Walter
Published: July 2023

This paper presents the synthesis of a flight mechanical model of a coaxial ultralight helicopter that features a teetering rotor system. The flight campaign, the identification process and the resulting model are presented. As a first step, the features that set the CoAX 2D apart from other helicopters are discussed briefly. A physical model that incorporates these features is developed and linearized to yield a state space model. Single axis inputs are used for the identification flight campaign. In the subsequent system identification, the parameters of the state space model are estimated in the time domain with a least-squares algorithm using measurement data. The results are validated in both the time and the frequency domain. The paper concludes with a model-based characterization of the helicopter
Linearized Inflow and Interference Models from High Fidelity Free Wake Analysis for Modern Rotorcraft Configurations
Authors:   Continuum Dynamics Inc., Keller Jeffrey ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, J. Mark ,   US Naval Academy, Juhasz Ondrej , McKillip Robert , Wachspress Daniel , Tischler Mark
Published: July 2023

Linearized inflow models have been used to represent dynamic wake effects for control law development and flight dynamics simulation of conventional main rotor / tail rotor helicopters. With the current focus in the industry toward high-speed concepts and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, modern rotorcraft designs are trending away from the conventional main rotor / tail rotor configuration for which low-order dynamic inflow models have been applied and validated. Configurations currently in design and flight testing stages include coaxial, coaxialcompound, tiltrotor, multi-rotor, and augmented lift concepts that involve strong rotor-rotor and rotor-airframe aerodynamic interactions. A procedure for extracting linearized inflow and interference models from higher fidelity comprehensive analyses suitable for advanced rotorcraft configurations has been developed and applied to a modern lift-offset coaxial rotorcraft. A second-order inflow model structure including wake distortion effects due to pitch and roll motion is shown to capture the critical dynamic response characteristics when compared to a nonlinear flight dynamics simulation coupled with a free wake model. This second-order model structure is more accurate and provides better prediction of flight controller performance metrics than a more conventional Pitt-Peters model structure.
Guidelines for System Identification of Multirotor Vehicles with Highly Correlated Inputs
Authors:   US Army CCDC AvMC, Berger Tom ,   San Jose State University, Wagner Aaron , J. Mark , Tischler Mark
Published: July 2023

With the development of new over-actuated multirotor vertical lift aircraft, there is a need to identify accurate vehicle models from flight data at the individual effector level to validate physics based models or skip physics based models altogether and develop simulation models direction from the identification results. Typical frequency-domain system identification methods break down when the bare-airframe inputs are highly correlated, which is often the case when collecting system identification data for over-actuated vehicles. The Joint Input-Output Method has been previously used to mitigate the issue of input correlation, and is applied in this paper to a simulation example based on an octocopter UAS in hover. Several excitation methods are investigated to determine which are best suited for use with the Joint Input-Output Method. The identification results of the different methods with varying levels of measurement noise are presented, as are the main advantage and disadvantaged of each method. Based on these results, guidelines are provided for multirotor system identification using the Joint Input-Output Method.