bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits and risks of using ChatGPT in higher education: A theoretical review
Authors: Bermus Aleksandr Grigorievich
Published: September 2024

The author of this review publication has set himself the task of generalizing the ideas of Russian and foreign educational researchers regarding the advantages and disadvantages of using neural networks, namely, the large language model ChatGPT, in the higher education system. 130 of the latest printed and electronic sources in Russian and English on pedagogy and humanitarian disciplines, which date back to 2023 and the first half of 2024, served as the material for the analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the most effective methods for assessing the didactic potential and determining the problems of introducing artificial intelligence technologies in education as exemplified by the use of ChatGPT, including the SWOT analysis method, considered as an effective analytical tool for assessing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of using ChatGPT for educational purposes. As a result, the universal trends and features of the implementation of ChatGPT as an innovative pedagogical technology are revealed. The problems of ChatGPT application in the higher education system are analyzed from the point of view of compliance with ethical standards, prevention of academic dishonesty, formation of cognitive abilities and research competencies of students, deepening of individualization of the educational process, development of critical and creative thinking, increase in the level of information literacy and improvement of universal competencies and professional skills of students. The prospects and risks of ChatGPT application in higher education are described.
Teaching Russian as a foreign language at the advanced stage (using the topic “Demography” as an example)
Authors: Nepomniashchikh Ekaterina Alexandrovna
Published: September 2024

The paper describes the specificity of teaching the topic “Demography” at the advanced stage of Russian as a foreign language learning. The research aims to identify ways to effectively organize lessons using a variety of teaching methods. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed methodological solutions for studying the topic “Demography” at the advanced stage. As a result of the research, a number of exercises of different types have been created. These include lexical exercises aimed at memorizing new words on the studied topic; text-based exercises that help students assimilate ready-made text models and speech patterns, actualize the studied vocabulary, and reach a new lexical level; exercises for working with the public service announcement “Our Peculiarities Is Our Heritage”. The methodological value of the exercises proposed lies in their ability to influence the students’ emotional intelligence with the goal of strengthening positive emotions from language learning, forming humanistic values, creating a positive image of Russia, and demonstrating how the social problem in question is objectified in the consciousness of modern Russian society. The proposed methodological solutions will help increase student motivation and effectively organize lessons.
Interpretive activity of 11th-grade students in Russian language and literature classes as the basis for preparing for the state final certification (final essay)
Authors: Andreeva Olga Sergeevna
Published: September 2024

The research aims to identify effective methods and forms of interpretive activity of students in Russian language and literature classes aimed at achieving subject-specific and meta-subject results within the framework of preparing for the state final certification in the 11th grade. The paper examines one of the key methodological problems of the modern educational space, i.e., the organization of text work among graduates in Russian language and literature classes in the context of preparing for the final essay. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it presents a communicative-cognitive approach to text work in Russian language and literature classes in high school in the context of preparing students for the final essay. As a result, the stages of text work have been identified, the methods and techniques of students’ interpretive activity have been described. In addition, the paper has systematized questions and tasks that contribute to the organization of a dialogic classroom space, understanding of the text, help to actualize analytical work in class, activate the generation of students’ own texts based on the use of cognitive teaching methods, and also ensure the implementation of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary General Education in the area of achieving students’ subject-specific, meta-subject and personal results during preparation for the state final certification.
Representation of constants of the liminal space “hotel” in accentual nominations of small poetic form
Authors: Royko Oksana Valentinovna
Published: September 2024

The research aims to identify the representative constants of the liminal space “hotel” in accentual nominations of small poetic form, to classify the thematic complexes-correlates “boundary location / mental representation” that transmit the conceptual idea of the poem. The paper examines the projection of the concept of “threshold” onto the existence of the lyrical “self”, highlighting and analyzing the quintessential constants: “the actual location of the hotel” (with a branched paradigm), “the window-boundary as a significant attribute of the hotel room”, “the material (objective) plane of the image”, “desolateness / presence of people (guests)” in connection with the transition of the lyrical subject from one volitional, emotional, motivational state to another. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its focus on the little-studied aspect of the concept of “space” as the liminal space, the interpretation of the corpus of presented accentual texts, the primary description and systematization of the thematic complexes-correlates “boundary location / mental representation”. As a result, it has been found that the “hotel” as one of the main threshold topoi reveals the polar states of the subject, rapidly brings the lyrical “self” to a new level of perception of the world, and upon apperception moves it from the everyday space to the existential space.
Transformations of the grammatical basis of the sentence as a means of expressing connotative meanings of an utterance
Authors: Melekhova Liubov Aleksandrovna , Sergievskaya Liubov Alekseevna
Published: September 2024

The study aims to identify variability in the forms of expressing the grammatical basis and the features of the connection between the principal parts in the sentence as a factor of connotation at the syntactic level of the Russian language. The article examines various means and ways of presenting the main meaning of an utterance, taking into account additional emotional-expressive, evaluative, and stylistic nuances of the utterance. The work analyzes the forms of the predicate, including those expressed by verbal phraseological units, as a means of connotation, and the fluctuations in the coordination of the subject with the predicate. Special cases of reduction and expansion of the grammatical basis as indicators of the connotative nuances of an utterance are noted. Syntactic connotation is substantiated in the aspect of subjective modality types of the sentence. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it substantiates the status of syntactic connotation for the first time and specifies the connotative meanings of an utterance depending on the grammatical resources of the sentence. As a result, it has been found that sentences with non-specialized forms of the predicate and with formally unexpressed predicative connection of the principal parts are most prone to connotative complexity.
PERAN IDENTITAS DIRI MAHASISWA SEBAGAI MODERATOR DALAM KERANGKA KERJA KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Hadi Antonius Satria
Published: September 2024

Entrepreneurship is believed to be able to create jobs and generate economic growth. The entrepreneurial spirit is the most significant economic development in the history of business. New businesses built by entrepreneurs can maintain market growth and contribute to the national economy. This research aims to examine the variables of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and tendency to act influencing entrepreneurial intentions which are moderated by self-identity variables. This research has four hypotheses. Data was collected from 100 respondents obtained from an online questionnaire distributed to students in Yogyakarta who were studying in the entrepreneurship department/study program or had taken entrepreneurship courses with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The data was then analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques with the help of SmartPLS 3 software.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK UMKM KERIPIK MELALUI DIGITAL MARKETING DI KECAMATAN MERBAU MATARAM, LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Wibaselppa Anggawidia , Mutiara Suci , Zulanda Putri Reisa Dyasvaro
Published: September 2024

Digital Marketing merupakan sistem pemasaran yang dilakukan secara digital dimasa era digital, pemasaran digital merupakan aktivitas promosi dalam membangun promosi produk ataupun membangun merek (brand) yang menggunakan media elektronik (digital). Tren marketing saat ini masih teruslah berkembang, seiring semakin canggihnya teknologi dan juga dunia internet. Perkembangan digital marketing di Indonesia pun semakin berkembang cepat. Masyarakat mulai beralih dari yang tadinya memanfaatkan marketing secara konvensional, hingga akhirnya melebarkan sayapnya ke dunia digital. Digital marketing merupakan solusi yang tepat bagi para pelaku UMKM dalam menerapkan strategi pemasaran dalam memperluas jaringan kepada pelanggan atau calon pembeli baik naisional maupun internasional untuk mendapatkan informasi suatu produk ataupun jasa yang ditawarkan melalui internet. Hal ini yang juga mulai diterapkan kepada UMKM keripik di Desa Lebung Sari Kecamatan Merbau Mataram untuk memperluas jangkauan konsumen yang lebih luas dalam meningkatkan penjualan produk dan profit. Program ini juga dapat menambah wawasan, informasi serta keterampilan bagi para pelaku UMKM terkait dengan strategi pemasaran melalui paltform digital.
Exploring Effective Assessment in Students’ ESP Writing Skill: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Ardhy Andi Anugrah Surya
Published: September 2024

This study explores effective assessment in improving students' English for SpecificPurposes (ESP) writing skill. Using the PRISMA systematic literature review researchmethod, this study highlights the important role of assessment in building meaningfullanguage skills in a specific field of study. The assessment of ESP writing skill goesbeyond the mechanical aspect, focusing on communicative dimensions such as clarity,cohesion and accuracy in a given context. An ongoing and targeted approach toassessment provides constructive feedback to students, enabling them to improve theirwriting skill strategically. The alignment between content and language skillsemphasizes the importance of accurate assessment in achieving learning objectives anddeveloping effective communication skills. Adopting innovative approaches, such asVirtual Learning Object Development (VLO), illustrates ESP education's potential fortechnological transformation. A paradigm shift towards appropriate assessmentmethods, such as authentic and dynamic approaches, promotes contextual learning andholistic development. Challenges in ESP assessment, including context-specific criteriaand student barriers, highlight the need for responsive and diverse teaching strategies.By addressing these challenges and adopting appropriate assessment techniques,educators can facilitate students' readiness to meet the communication demands oftheir field of study, creating success in both academic and professional contexts.Keywords: Assessment, Students’ ESP, Writing skill
Peran Guru PAI Sebagai Motivator Dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Siswa Di SMK Nurul Falah Gedung Wani Timur
Authors: Abdullah Ikhwan Aziz , Hayati Rina Mida , Susanti Ressi
Published: September 2024

Kinerja guru mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam proses belajar mengajar, maka seorang guru dapat memberikan motivasi kepada para siswanya. Sebagai motivator dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual karena itu siswa tidak hanya cerdas intelektual dan emosional tapi lebih apa yang diharap yakni cerdas spiritual yang akan menghantarkan mereka menjadi manusia yang bernilai dan bermakna dihadapan manusia terlebih dihadapan Allah Swt. Bagi Yayasan Pendidikan Agama seperti SMK Nurul Falah Gedung Wani Timur yang notabene sebagai Yayasan Pendidikan bernuansa Agama yang mempunyai muatan pendidikan Agama lebih banyak paham dari sekolah umum sangat diharapkan memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan Akhlak Mulia bagi siswanya sehingga keinginan yang ingin dicapai cerdas secara spiritual akan bisa diraih. Melihat dari pada hal tersebut maka penelitian ini mempunyai rumusan dan tujuan yaitu bagaimana dan untuk mengetahui Peran guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap siswa SMK Nurul Falah Gedung Wani Timur. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu peran guru untuk memberikan motivasi kepada peserta didik dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual siswa. Pemberiannnya pun harus tepat. Cara guru PAI dalam memotivasi siswa dilakukan dengan berbagai cara dan dijalankan dengan baik oleh guru PAI di SMK Nurul Falah Gedung Wani Timur.Kata kunci : Peran Guru PAI, Kecerdasan Emosional dan Spiritual
Implementasi Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Kegiatan Pramuka di MTs Negeri 1 Minahasa
Authors: Djoyosuroto Hairunnisa , Usman Ismail K , Ilham Abrari
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini membahas Impelementasi Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Kegiatan Pramuka di MTs Negeri 1 Minahasa. Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Kegiatan Pramuka di MTs Negeri 1 Minahasa dan apa saja nilai-nilai Nilai- Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam kegiatan pramuka, peneliti menemukan beberapa bentuk Implementasi yang dilakukan oleh pihak sekolah dan pembina pramuka serta tujuan dari pelaskanaan kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana impelementasi nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam kegiatan pramuka di MTs Negeri 1 Minahasa dan apa saja Nilai-Nilai Keagamaan dalam kegiatan pramuka tersebut.Dengan lokasi penelitian yang dilaksanakan di MTs Negeri 1 Minahasa dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menuliskan kesimpulan. Serta pengujian keabsahan data pada penelitian ini adalah triangulasi yaitu triangulasi sumber, triangulasi teknik, dan triangulasi data.Kesimpulan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, nilai-nilai Pendidikan agama islam pada kegiatan pramuka yang ada di MTs Negeri 1 Minahasa yaitu Nilai Aqidah yaitu percaya dan yakin akan kuasa dan pertolongan Allah pada saat pelakasanaan kegiatan, Nilai Ibadah berdoa sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan kegiatan, memperbiaskaan sholat tepat waktu dan lima waktu, dan membaca Alqur’an sebelum mulainya kegiatan pramuka. Nilai Ahlaq yaitu menghormati sesama, saling membantu dan tolong menolong. Cara pengimplementasian nilai-nilai pendidikan agama islam pada kegiatan pramuka dengan berlandaskan dasa darma pramuka point pertama Takwa Kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.Kata Kunci: Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam, Praamuka
Eksplorasi Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual dalam Pendidikan Islam di SMPN 4 Padalarang
Authors: Fitriah Fitriah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan model pembelajaran kontekstual dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMPN 4 Padalarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kontekstual berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterlibatan peserta didik dengan mengaitkan materi pelajaran dengan kehidupan nyata. Faktor pendukung utamanya adalah komitmen guru dan dukungan fasilitas sekolah yang memadai, seperti ruang kelas yang fleksibel dan akses ke sumber belajar. Namun, ada beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaannya, termasuk keterbatasan waktu dan beban administrasi yang tinggi, serta kesulitan dalam menilai aspek afektif dan psikomotorik siswa secara obyektif. Kesimpulannya, meskipun model ini memiliki potensi yang besar, model ini membutuhkan pengembangan rubrik penilaian yang lebih akurat dan pelatihan bagi guru untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran kontekstual di sekolah.
Implementasi dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesantunan Berbahasa Indonesia dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Hoerudin Cecep Wahyu
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas implementasi kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia serta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya dalam pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan meliputi dokumen, rekaman, arsip, hasil wawancara, observasi langsung, observasi partisipan dan perangkat fisik seperti video dan gambar. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah (1) dokumentasi; (2) observasi; dan (3) wawancara. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) reduksi data; (penyajian data); dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Implementasi kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam terdiri dari empat tahapan yang dilakukan yaitu, perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Faktor penghambat dalam implementasi kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam karena adanya pelanggaran maksim atau indikator kesantunan, karena hal ini sering terjadi pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Sedangkan faktor pendukungnya adalah, adanya sumber daya manusia yang mumpuni, yaitu guru-guru pengajar memiliki pengalaman mengajar yang cukup lama sehingga mampu menyampaikan pemahaman kepada peserta didik tentang pentingnya berbahasa Indonesia yang santun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, khususnya di lingkungan sekolah. Tersedianya bahan ajar dan media pembelajaran yang memadai. Antusiasme peserta didik untuk mengikuti mata pelajaran PAI karena memiliki keterkaitan dengan materi agama yang telah mereka pelajari di rumah atau pondok. Motivasi dari orang tua, teman dan saudara untuk selalu berbahasa Indonesia santun dimanapun berada, sehingga akan membantu keberhasilan program penerapan kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam.
Optimalisasi Manajemen Strategi Pada Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Untuk Mengatasi Tantangan Pendidikan di Era Rovolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Sutarjo Sutarjo , Neng Enab Siti. Z  , Rahmi Rahmi , Awaludin Sidik  , Khotimah Siti Kusnul
Published: September 2024

Manajemen strategi Yayasan Pendidikan Islam  dalam menghadapi tantangan era revolusi 4.0 harus dipersiapkan. Revolusi 4.0 yang ditandai dengan perkembangan teknologi digital dan internet telah mengubah cara kita bekerja, belajar, dan berkomunikasi. Oleh karena itu, Yayasan Pendidikan Islam harus memiliki strategi yang tepat untuk menghadapi tantangan tersebut. Identifikasi masalah yang akan diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana manajemen strategi Yayasan Pendidikan Islam dalam menghadapi tantangan era revolusi 4.0. Metode yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah literature review yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, dan artikel yang berkaitan dengan manajemen strategi Yayasan Pendidikan Islam dalam menghadapi tantangan era revolusi 4.0. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen strategi Yayasan Pendidikan Islam dalam menghadapi tantangan era revolusi 4.0 harus memperhatikan beberapa hal seperti pengembangan kurikulum yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan era revolusi 4.0, pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang kompeten dalam bidang teknologi, dan pengembangan sistem informasi yang efektif.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berkontribusi Terhadap Kesulitan Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam di SDN Jati 02 Baleendah Bandung
Authors: Lukman Frida Febrandira , Munawaroh Siti Wafa , Surur Muhammad Zakki Fadlus , Maulana Fajri
Published: September 2024

Kesulitan siswa belajar diartikan sebagai kesukaran siswa dalam menerima atau menyerap pelajaran di sekolah. Dan kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa ini terjadi pada waktu mengikuti belajar yang disampaikan atau yang ditugaskan oleh guru. Jadi Penulisan ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan yang ditemukan antara lain kurangnya Fasilitas untuk menunjang pembelajaran PAI. Jenis penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk mengumpulkan data penulis lakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul maka dilakukan pengolahan dan analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar tergolong Tinggi, yaitu dilihat dari rasa senang siswa terhadap materi, pemahaman siswa terhadap materi dan metode mengajar guru, minat siswa terhadap Bidang Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam dan keaktifan belajar. faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan belajar siswa adalah media, metode dan gaya mengajar guru, upaya yang dilakukan guru PAI untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa adalah membaca buku-buku yang relevan dengan pembelajaran, mengikuti penataran-penataran dan seminar yang berhubungan dengan pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan mengupayakan gaya mengajar yang bervariasi serta memberikan motivasi kepada siswa ketika pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam sedang berlangsung.
Verifying Welding Processes Selection for a Case Study Using an Analytic Hierarchical Process
Authors: Faleh Alyaa Jalal , Doos Qasim M.
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to develop a framework for differentiating the selection of welding processes using specialized knowledge-based expert systems, which are particularly useful in dealing with issues that require complex decision-making. A program was created and programmed using the process information maps (PRIMAs) matrix in Visual Basic Access for selecting welding processes in a study. The program is in two stages. In the first stage, it excludes non-candidate operations according to several criteria, the most important of which is the type of metal and its thickness. The second stage is arranging operations using multi-criteria methods for decision-making through research to resolve complicated problems involving multiple factors. The hierarchical analysis process (AHP) was used. It is considered one of the most frequently used multi-criteria decision-making methods. The selection of analytic hierarchical process. AHP criteria depend on experience and knowledge rather than specific data for selecting alternatives and determining weights. The methodology is straightforward, easy to comprehend, and applicable to various domains needing intricate decision-making. The program results are compared with those of a previously published case to choose the best welding processes for a study case, which is a home radiator, and results matching the candidate processes were discovered.
The Optimal Parameter for Coating ZnO Nanoparticle on Orthodontic Molar Tube by Electrophoretic Deposition Method (An Invitro Study)
Authors: Al-Murshady Ahmed K. , Al-Groosh Dheaa H. , Kadhim Kamil J.
Published: September 2024

The fixed orthodontic appliance may enhance devious pathogens and increase biofilm accumulation around the orthodontic molar tube (OMT) surface, which may cause demineralization of the tooth surface. However, the stainless-steel OMT coated with ZnO nanoparticles may enhance antimicrobial efficacy and reduce biofilm accretion. The study aimed to identify the optimal parameter for coating orthodontic molar tubes with antimicrobial ZnO nanoparticles by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD)cell. 36 orthodontic molar tubes were included in this study. The coating process was carried out using an EPD cell. Various concentrations (7.5, 10, 20, 33) g/L of ZnO nanoparticles suspension were conducted in this study, in addition to multiple times and voltages. After the coating process, the samples were left to dry for 24 hours at room temperature. To confirm the coating and adhesion a qualitative tape test and the Scanning Electron microscope were used to study the morphological, topographical, and surface characteristics and the size of nanoparticles on the surface of the coated OMT. The innovative ZnO nanoparticles exhibit promising antibacterial properties against oral pathogens, leading to a decrease in plaque buildup, which may decrease tooth cavities and gingival irritation through orthodontic treatment. There was an increase in nanoparticle surface adhesion on the orthodontic molar tube surface at 2 mins deposition time while reduced surface adhesion as increased deposing time. The coating process was verified at a currency voltage of 30V, reducing nanoparticle agglomeration. A concentration of 10g/L of ZnO suspension shows the most stable and homogenous suspension.
Building Resilience to Public Safety Power Shutoffs Through Public Education
Authors: Koundinya Vikram , Chiarella Cristina , Kocher Susan , Kearns Faith , Drill Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Public Safety Power Shutoff events are being implemented in California to reduce wildfire impacts. We surveyed California residents to identify their information needs and understand the potential role of University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) in power shutoff management. A majority of respondents need information on alternative power sources and community power systems. Most respondents indicated family, friends, and neighbors as the important group to manage power shutoff. UCCE was least used and preferred source for power shutoff information. Our findings reveal a need for Cooperative Extension to play an important role in power shutoff management and educating the public.
Enhancing TRUST in Pain Evidence: The ENTRUST-PE framework. An Explainer for Patients and the Public..
Authors: O'Connell Neil , Belton Joletta , Crombez Geert , Eccleston Christopher , Fisher Emma , Ferraro Michael C , Hood Anna , Keefe Frank , Knaggs Roger , Norris Emma , Palermo Tonya M. , Pickering Gisele , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther , Rice Andrew SC , Richards Georgia Catherine , Segelcke Daniel , Smart Keith Matthew , Soliman Nadia , stewart gavin , Tölle Thomas , Turk Dennis , Vollert Jan , Wainwright Elaine , Wilkinson Jack , Williams Amanda C de C
Published: September 2024

The ENTRUST-PE project convened an international network of experts to develop an integrated framework for enhancing and ensuring the trustworthiness of pain research. This summary introduces and explains the framework for patients and the public.
“There’s no us vs. them, it’s just us”: a creative approach to centring lived experience within the AVATAR2 trial
Authors: Owrid Oliver , Richardson Leonie Jack Hughes , Allan Stephanie , Grant Amy , Gogan Sarah , Hamilton Nicholas , Yanga Francis , Sirey Nicola , Syrett Suzy , Garety Philippa Anne , Jamieson-Craig Thomas , Clancy Moya , Pinfold Vanessa , Miller Lucy , Ward Thomas , Edwards Clementine Jane
Published: September 2024

This article describes a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) led creative workshop space held within a clinical trial of a talking therapy for distressing voices (AVATAR2). PPI adds significant value to clinical research and ensures the work is meaningful to patients and their supporters. However, known issues include tokenism, a common power imbalance between PPI colleagues and researchers and a lack of opportunity for PPI to shape the research. PPI has played a key role at all stages of the AVATAR2 trial, including design, recruitment of staff and participants, data collection, analysis, and dissemination. An active and creative group of people was established, with over 30 members flexibly involved across all four sites. PPI group members were from diverse backgrounds, with lived experience of mental health conditions and recovery, and including carers. During this work, PPI colleagues identified that they would value a creative space which would help to promote the study but extend beyond an exclusive focus on trial deliverables. A regular creative workshop was established to support PPI colleagues in their creative work, including material such as poetry, blogs, art and podcasts. PPI colleagues and trial staff have cowritten a reflective piece to share their experiences on the impact of the creative workshops, organised into four themes. We found the workshops to be a powerful tool for forging relationships among trial staff and PPI colleagues, while also fostering personal development. We reflected on how the workshops built up the confidence of attendees and supported demanding trial activities such as public speaking. Finally, we discussed the impact of the workshops on wider trial culture, by upholding the values of the team and challenging the status quo.
Elite Persistence in Family: The Role of Adoption in Prewar Japan
Authors: Kumanomido Hiroshi , Takayasu Yutaro
Published: September 2024

Why can elite families often maintain their social and economic status over multiple generations? We show that adoption can contribute to the persistence of elite status by utilizing a unique historical framework of prewar Japan. However, the preference for adoptive heirs may lead to selection bias in the process of choosing heirs, potentially biasing OLS results negatively. To address this selection bias, we use the gender of the firstborn child as an instrument for the adoption decision. We find that having an adoptive heir increases the probability of maintaining elite status in the son’s generation by 20.6% compared to having a biological heir. Furthermore, we show that this result is driven by matching high-quality adopted sons with fathers who were highly successful in their early lives.
Parent and Caregiver Preferences for eHealth Programs
Authors: Tongol Nicole , McHardy Robert John Wilfred , Simpson Kaeley M. , Penner Kailey Elena , Rioux Charlie , Cameron Emily E , Giuliano Ryan , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Stewart-Tufescu Ashley , Afifi Tracie , Hai Tasmia , Roos Leslie
Published: September 2024

Background: Online programs serve as an important avenue for delivering mental health and parenting services worldwide. The quantity of online programs proliferated during the COVID-19 pandemic with developers emphasizing the potential to improve accessibility and reduce barriers of in-person programming (e.g., arranging transportation, childcare, and scheduling). However, Canadian parents’ and caregivers' preferences for features they desire in online family mental health supports are unknown. Understanding these preferences would better allow for the creation of programs that are best suited to meet parents’ needs. Thus, the present study examined parent program preferences, barriers to access, and how different sociodemographic factors predicted preferences for aspects such as program features (e.g., duration delivery format).Methods: Self-report surveys were administered in 2023 via the online crowdsourcing platform AskingCanadians to parents and primary caregivers of children ages 0 to 5 years. Descriptive statistics examined parent program preferences and barriers. Regression models examined sociodemographic predictors of these preferences and barriers.Results: Participants identified a range of preferences across program structure and coaching, as well as challenges associated with program access. Parents most preferred programs with a web-based delivery format (72%), a duration of 2-4 weeks (27%), and psychologists as program coaches (51.4%). The most highly endorsed barriers were lack of time (42.2%) and limited internet access (25.1%). Sociodemographic factors including parent gender, household income, education, and ethnicity also consistently predicted preference for various program characteristics. Conclusions: This research provides an important first step toward creating more accessible online mental health and parenting programs by ensuring the voices of the parents who will use these services are heard in program development and adaptation. Future research should investigate how to address accessibility and inclusivity barriers to participating in parent programs for diverse families based on their differential preferences.
Embodied Neurocinematics: A view from Experimental aesthetics
Authors: Liu Tongwei
Published: September 2024

Neurocinematics is a contemporary interdisciplinary research field that combines cognitive neuroscience and film studies. Since the late 1940s, there have been numerous interdisciplinary attempts related to film, particularly with the Filmology Movement. In an effort to enhance the ecological validity of neuroimaging experiments, neurophysiologists and visual neuroscientists have attempted to introduce highly naturalistic moving images (movies) as experimental stimuli, gradually developing into a naturalistic paradigm known as classical Neurocinematics. The discovery of mirror neurons and subsequent research has challenged the traditional "sandwich" model of cognition, revealing the close connections between action, perception, and cognition, and leading to a new model of perception and cognition known as "embodied simulation." Inspired by the embodied simulation theory, contemporary empirical aesthetics research has shifted its focus to the bodily roots of experience. This approach aims to understand the constitutive elements of aesthetic experience and the origins of various aesthetic concepts by studying the physiological correlations between the brain-body and artistic expression, and it is referred to as Experimental Aesthetics. This methodological shift has sparked an “embodied revolution” within the field of neurocinematics, represented by Vittorio Gallese, supported by evidence from areas such as camera movement, continuity editing, and haptic-visual expressivity. I view Gallese's series of propositions and experimental research as an embodied approach for neurocinematics, which I term “Embodied Neurocinematics.” It incorporates Husserl's distinction of the body's essence, combining the dimensions of film experience with the potential sub-personal mechanisms of brain and neural expression. By conducting scientific research on the brain-body (Körper), it aims to reveal the domain of phenomenal experience captured by the lived body (Leib). Thus, like cognitive neuroscience, Embodied Neurocinematics also faces a “phenomenologization” situation, rethinking the act of viewing from a perspective that combines the results of cognitive neuroscience and neurophysiological experiments with phenomenological interpretations of human experience. This pursuit of compatibility requires treating the different domains of neurocinematic phenomena (the cinematic things or events, related subjective accounts, and their neural correlates) as co-constitutive in specific analyses to achieve a reciprocal constraint between different-person perspectives.
Merits of curiosity: a simulation study
Authors: Gruaz Lucas , Modirshanechi Alireza , Becker Sophia , Brea Johanni
Published: September 2024

'Why are we curious?' has been among the central puzzles of neuroscience and psychology in the past decades. A popular hypothesis is that curiosity is driven by intrinsically generated reward signals, which have evolved to support survival in complex environments. To formalize and test this hypothesis, we need to understand the enigmatic relationship between (i) intrinsic rewards (as drives of curiosity), (ii) optimality conditions (as objectives of curiosity), and (iii) environment structures. Here, we demystify this relationship through a systematic simulation study. First, we propose an algorithm to generate environments that capture key abstract features of different real-world situations. Then, we simulate artificial agents that explore these environments by seeking one of six representative intrinsic rewards: novelty, surprise, information gain, empowerment, MOP, and SPIE. Finally, we evaluate the exploration performance of these simulated agents regarding three potential objectives of curiosity: state discovery, model accuracy, and uniform state visitation. Our results show that the comparative performance of each intrinsic reward is highly dependent on the environmental features and the curiosity objective; this indicates that 'optimality' in top-down theories of curiosity needs a precise formulation of assumptions. Nevertheless, we found that agents seeking a combination of novelty and information gain always achieve a close-to-optimal performance. This suggests that novelty and information gain are two principal axes of curiosity-driven behavior. These results pave the way for the further development of computational models of curiosity and the design of theory-informed experimental paradigms.
On the Significance of Biogenic Approach in Comparative Cognition
Authors: Matsui Hiroshi , Hata Yumi
Published: September 2024

Comparative cognition is an interdisciplinary field of animal behavior, inherently premised on varying foundational perspectives, whether researchers acknowledge it or not. The distinction between anthropogenic and biogenic approaches serves as a useful framework for categorizing the two primary starting points in cognitive research. Based on these classifications, it becomes evident that comparative cognition research incorporates elements of both approaches. Upon reviewing empirical research of comparative cognition, it can be observed that comparative cognition tends to be biased towards the anthropogenic approach. While we do not advocate for abandoning the anthropogenic approach, we propose that embracing the biogenic approach offers substantial advantages. These advantages include not only practical benefits such as increased empirical research productivity but also significant intellectual gains. Although the biogenic approach does not imply a commitment to a specific philosophy, it shares a high degree of affinity with embodied cognition. We, thus, further suggest that the biogenic approach to comparative cognition can effectively align with the recent trends in Ecological Psychology and Enactivism. Such a shift in approach has the potential to reshape the formulation of research questions and influence the underlying ontological commitments driving the research.
Enhancer hijacking: Innovative ways of carcinogenesis
Authors: Ruby Dhar  , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: September 2024

Enhancer elements are specific DNA sequences that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Located upstream or downstream in the genomic context, enhancers enhance the transcription of linked genes. This is achieved by providing binding sites for transcription factors and other proteins, acting as a nucleation point that promotes the assembly of the transcriptional machinery.
What makes enhancers unique is that located even thousands of base pairs away, they can exert their function. They can act over long distances, looping to interact with the promoter region of their target genes. Enhancers are often involved in cell type-specific gene expression as different cells express different sets of genes by activating and repressing cell type-specific enhancers.
Cancer cells seem to co-opt this mechanism and hijack it for their own survival. In this process, an aberrant enhancer element activates the transcription of oncogenes (genes that have the potential to cause cancer) due to some alterations in genomic structure or regulatory elements that happen in cancer, contributing to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Enhancer hijacking often occurs through complex genomic rearrangements such as chromosomal translocations and other structural rearrangements such as deletions or amplifications.8 These alterations can bring a usually distant, far-located enhancer into proximity with an oncogene, leading to its inappropriate activation. This is often seen in various cancers, including leukemias and solid tumors.
Enhancer hijacking and its effects on gene regulation in cancer are frequently studied using methods such as RNA sequencing, chromatin conformation capture, and CRISPR-Cas9. Finding an enhancer hijacking event may be used to inform treatment choices, especially in precision medicine settings, and may also function as a biomarker for particular cancer types.
A Mobile Surveillance System with Face Detection and Recognition Abilities
Authors: Pujara Paras , Dotel Prasamsha , Dulal Rajat , Pokharel Suramya , Sharma Dahal Suramya
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a mobile surveillance system similar to an electronic dog which has the ability to move around a certain location all while detecting and recognizing the individuals and notifying the respective authorities about the detected person. The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller along with IR receiver and remote to function as a remote-controlled vehicle while also providing an option for automatic movement of the vehicle. The system also has an integrated camera that constantly feeds live video to a computer system. Haar-cascades take in the frames of videos and detect appearance of human face. Then, pretrained FaceNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) compares the detected face to the authorized faces in an attempt to recognize the face. The system also boasts the feature of email notification for which it employs the SMTP protocol to send an email with the detected face to the authorized personnel. The methods and techniques used to implement these features are presented in depth in this paper.
Active Cell Balancing Approach for Efficient Battery Management System
Authors: Sharma Aakriti , Adhikari Anusha , Adhikari Bibek , Pandey Pratik , Tamrakar Indraman
Published: September 2024

With the increasing concern for EV and its battery management system, the effective life and performance of li-ion battery is of utmost importance. The battery cells should be frequently equalized in order to increase the lifetime of battery pack. The conventional method of cell balancing is passive cell balancing where excess energy from cell is dissipated in the form of heat until all the cells are equally charged, causing thermal issues and efficiency in the battery pack. This paper proposes a novel approach for improving the efficiency of battery management systems through active cell balancing using the Kalman filter algorithm thereby overcoming the drawbacks of passive cell balancing. The goal of this paper is to develop a system that can extend the lifespan of batteries by ensuring that each cell is charged and discharged evenly. The proposed system includes an active balancing circuit that uses the Kalman filter algorithm to estimate the state of each battery cell and determine the optimal charging and discharging currents.
Application of Hydroponic System
Authors: Thapa Bijaya , Bhandari Puspa , G.C Riya , Acharya Yojana , Phuyal Subash
Published: September 2024

Hydroponics is a system of growing plants in a nutrient-rich solution without soil. The plants are grown in a controlled environment, such as a greenhouse, and the solution is circulated around the roots of the plants. This allows for more efficient use of water and nutrients, as the plants can absorb the nutrients they need directly from the solution. There are several different types of hydroponic systems, including deep water culture, nutrient film technique, and aeroponics. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of system will depend on the specific needs of the plants being grown. One of the main advantages of hydroponics is that it allows for more efficient use of resources. Because the plants are grown in a controlled environment, water and nutrients can be delivered directly to the roots of the plants, reducing the amount of water and fertilizer needed. This can result in faster growth rates and higher yields compared to traditional soil-based methods. Another advantage of hydroponics is that it allows for more precise control over the growing conditions. The pH, nutrient levels, and temperature can all be carefully controlled to create the optimal growing conditions for the plants. This can result in healthier plants and higher quality produce.
Nepali Text-to-Speech Synthesis Using Tacotron2 and WaveGlow
Authors: Rai Ashma , Shiwakoti Shikshya , Basukala Swostika , Sharma Dahal Suramya
Published: September 2024

This research paper presents the development of a Nepali Text-to-Speech (TTS) system under low-resource conditions by adapting pre-trained English Tacotron2 and WaveGlow models. Tacotron2 has been utilized for spectrogram generation, and WaveGlow has been employed for vocoding, with recognition of the pivotal role played by these components in determining the efficacy of a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system. Our approach entails the adaptation of a pre-trained English Tacotron2 model and WaveGlow architecture to Nepali, leveraging limited data resources to craft a Nepali TTS system capable of producing natural-sounding output under low-resource conditions. Through fine-tuning with a Nepali text corpus aligned with its corresponding audio dataset, the pre-trained Tacotron2 model is optimized for spectrogram generation. Subsequently, WaveGlow, our chosen audio synthesis model, is utilized to convert the spectrogram representations into audible waveforms. It is worth noting that our model exhibits limitations in synthesizing audio for a restricted subset of Nepali texts, attributed to challenges stemming from text cleaning and normalization inadequacies.
नेपाली भाषाको शब्दभण्डार : एक अध्ययन
Authors: दाहाल Dahal टीकाराम Tikaram
Published: September 2024

भाषा मानवीय विचार विनिमय र भावाभिव्यक्तिको लागि अपरिहार्य साधन हो । विश्वका भाषाहरूलाई भाषावैज्ञानिकहरूले दशवटा भाषा परिवारमा विभाजन गरेका छन् । ती मध्ये नेपाली भाषा भारोपेली परिवारमा रहेको छ । नेपाली भाषाको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण एकाइ शब्दभण्डार हो । शब्द भाषाको रूपभन्दा ठूलो तथा पदावली र वाक्यभन्दा सानो स्वतन्त्र अर्थयुक्त एकाइ हो । भाषिक भावाभिव्यक्तिमा शब्दको  महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका रहेको हुन्छ । भाषाको सबैभन्दा सानो सार्थक एकाइ रूपभन्दा ठूलो एकाइ शब्द, त्यसभन्दा ठूलो पदावली र त्यसपछिको ठूलो एकाइ वाक्य हो । वाक्यबाट नै सम्पूर्ण अर्थको अभिव्यक्ति र बोध हुन्छ । पदावली भन्दा सानो र रूपभन्दा ठूलो स्वतन्त्र अर्थयुक्त एकाइ नै शब्द हो । नेपाली भाषाको शब्दभण्डारको अध्ययन र विश्लेषण गर्न प्रथमतः यस शोध आलेखका समस्या र उद्देश्यहरूलाई स्पष्ट पार्दै शोधविधिको उल्लेख गरिएको छ । शब्दभण्डारको अध्ययनका लागि यहाँ वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधि अपनाइएको छ । विषयको स्पष्टीकरणका लागि निगमनात्मक र आगमनात्मक विधिको पनि उपयोग गरिएको छ । नेपाली भाषाको जननी भाषा संस्कृत भएकाले नेपाली भाषामा संस्कृतभाषाबाट आएका शब्दहरूलाई मौलिक शब्द मानिन्छ भने संस्कृतबाहेक अन्य भाषाबाट आएका शब्दलाई आगन्तुक शब्द मानिन्छ । नेपालीमा संस्कृतबाट  जस्ताको तस्तै आएका तत्सम शब्द तथा संस्कृतबाट प्राकृत अपभ्रंश हुँदै नेपाली उच्चारण अनुकूल परिवर्तन भएर आएका तद्भव शब्दहरूको बाहुल्य रहेको पाइन्छ । शब्द व्युत्पादन प्रक्रियाका आधारमा ससाना सार्थक एकाइमा विभाजन गर्न नसकिने मूल शब्द र त्यसरी विभाजन गर्न सकिने व्युत्पन्न शब्दहरू रहेका छन् । शब्दले वाक्यमा रहेर गर्ने कामका आधारमा नेपाली भाषाका शब्दहरू नाम, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रियायोगी नामयोगी, संयोजक, विस्मयादिबोधक र निपात गरी ९ वर्गका रहेका पाइन्छन् । हरेक भाषामा आफ्नै किसिमका प्राविधिक क्षेत्रका पारिभाषिक शब्दहरू प्रचलनमा रहेका हुन्छन् । चिकित्सा, कृषि, वाणिज्य, कानुन, विज्ञान र प्रविधि, सूचना र सञ्चार, अर्थजगत्, धर्म, संस्कृति आदि क्षेत्रसँग सम्बन्धित अनेकौँ शब्दहरूले विशिष्ट अर्थलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्दछन् । त्यसैले हरेक भाषाको शब्दभण्डार त्यस भाषाभाषीको व्यवहारसँग मात्र होइन पहिचानसँग नै गाँसिएको हुन्छ । नेपाली भाषामा पनि विभिन्न भाषिक व्यवहार सम्पन्न गर्न विभिन्न भाव अभिव्यक्त गर्न शब्दभण्डारको स्थान महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको छ ।