bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social and Family Factors Related to Intercountry Adoptees and Immigrants’ Bicultural Identity Integration
Authors: Ferrari Laura , Manzi Claudia , Benet-Martinez Veronica , Rosnati Rosa
Published: June 2019

Intercountry adoptees constitute a distinct acculturating group that differs from traditional immigrant groups. Yet, there is a lack of research examining the psychosocial processes related to the well-being of this group and how these differ from other immigrant groups. A study carried out in Italy based on a sample group of young immigrants ( N = 168) and intercountry adoptees ( N = 160) tests a model in which social (perceived discrimination) and family factors (parental autonomy support) predict psychological well-being. The model also examines whether these associations are mediated by Bicultural Identity Integration (BII), the degree to which the ethnic and national identities are experienced as blended and compatible. Results indicate that while discrimination undermines BII among immigrants, it does not among adoptees. Moreover, parental autonomy support improves BII for both immigrants and intercountry adoptees. The findings showed significant associations between BII and psychological well-being. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to possible interventions with immigrants and intercountry adoptees.
Deceptive Dynamics in Drug Addiction and Their Role in Control Beliefs and Health Status Reporting: A Study on People With Substance Use Disorder in Treatment
Authors: Caputo Andrea
Published: June 2019

This study aims at exploring deceptive dynamics (i.e., impression management [IM], self-deception, and emotional manipulation [EM]) and their role in control beliefs and health status reporting in a sample of people treated for substance use disorder. Seventy-eight participants following drug rehabilitation treatment were recruited, who provided background information and completed measures of social desirability responding, EM, locus of control, and health-related status. Moderated-regression analyses and t tests were performed. The results highlight that self-deception is associated with not reporting the use of secondary substances and being in treatment for a shorter time period. IM appears as the main deceptive tendency able to account for internal control beliefs and better mental health. Some interaction effects emerge among the examined deceptive tendencies, which suggest to deepen the role of EM as a risk factor for drug relapse and treatment success.
A Jungian Analysis of the Archetypal Image of the Fish From a Chinese Cultural Perspective
Authors: Congxin Shi , Yongxia Qian
Published: June 2019

This article addresses and amplifies the symbolism of the archetypal image of the fish, particularly as it appears in Chinese culture, and is informed by C.G. Jung’s psychology. It examines how what Jung called the transcendent function is implied in the deep wisdom of the archetypal image from Chinese folklore, “A fish leaping over the dragon gate” (魚躍龍門). The archetypal image of the fish-shaped Yin-Yang symbol, representing the Tai Chi of Chinese Taoism, is used to demonstrate how the Tao can represent and parallel a special form of the personality development or individuation process that typically takes place in Jungian analysis. Finally, a brief clinical case study is used to explore and discuss the Chinese cultural perspective on the archetypal fish image and its symbolic representation of the so-called “feminine” pathway of individuation.
Pulmonary aspergilloma: surgical outcome of 79 patients in a Moroccan center
Authors: Harmouchi Hicham , Lakranbi Marouane , Issoufou Ibrahim , Ouadnouni Yassine , Smahi Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Background

Pulmonary aspergilloma presents in two clinical and radiological forms: simple and complex aspergilloma. Surgery is the best therapeutic option, most often by anatomic lung resection. Our aim was to report the surgical outcomes according to our experience.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on data of 79 patients operated on for pulmonary aspergilloma over a period of 10 years. There were 57 (72.15%) men and 22 women (27.84%), with a mean age of 40.45 years.

Results

Tuberculosis, all-form combined, was the predominant pathological antecedent in 57 (72.15%) patients, and hemoptysis was the most frequent functional sign in 43 (54.43%). The right side was involved in 39 (49.36%) patients. All patients were operated on via a posterolateral thoracotomy, and an extrapleural plane was necessary in 40 (50.63%). The surgical procedure was a lobectomy in 38 (48.10%) patients and a pneumonectomy in 14 (17.72%). Transfusion of red blood cells was carried out in 10 (12.65%) patients, with one (1.26%) requiring a rethoracotomy for postoperative clotted hemothorax. Two (2.53%) patients presented with empyema after pneumonectomy. The mortality rate was 2.53% (2 patients), and the mean follow-up was 2.5 years.

Conclusion

Surgery for pulmonary aspergilloma is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. This surgery has been performed in our department with a very acceptable rate of mortality, especially considering that all patients were operated on by open surgery.
Hamstring Autograft Versus Hybrid Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Hong-De , Gao Shi-Jun , Zhang Ying-Ze
Published: June 2019

Background:

Hamstring tendon autografts are commonly used for primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Some patients have small hamstring tendons however, which may compromise the clinical outcome of the autograft. To solve this problem, many surgeons use hybrid grafting that involves augmentation of small hamstring autografts with allograft tissue.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare the clinical outcomes between primary ACL reconstructions performed with hamstring autografts and those performed with hybrid grafts in terms of patient-reported evaluation, failure rate, and knee stability. The hypothesis was that primary ACL reconstruction performed with hamstring autograft alone will not differ significantly from that performed with a hybrid graft in terms of patient-reported evaluation, failure rate, or knee stability.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed to identify prospective and retrospective comparative studies and cohort studies (evidence levels 1-3) comparing outcomes of primary ACL reconstructions performed with hamstring autografting alone and hybrid grafting. Outcomes included patient-reported evaluation, failure rate, and knee stability.

Results:

Ten studies were included: 1 of level 2 and 9 of level 3. Collectively, they included 398 autografts and 341 hybrid grafts. Mean respective follow-up durations ranged from 24.0 to 69.6 months and from 24.0 to 70.8 months. Patient-reported evaluations, including Lysholm, Tegner, and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee scores, were reported in 8 of 10 studies. Failure rates were reported in all 10 studies. Results of knee stability examinations—including KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, the pivot-shift test, Lachman test, and overall International Knee Documentation Committee results—were reported in 4 of 10 studies. In this review, there were no statistically significant differences between autografts and hybrid grafts in terms of patient-reported evaluations, failure rates, or KT-1000 measurements.

Conclusion:

In this systematic review, there was no significant difference in patient-reported evaluation or failure rate between primary ACL reconstructions performed with autografts alone and those performed with hybrid grafts. Whether there is a substantial difference in knee stability examination results between autografts and hybrid grafts remains unknown, given a relative lack of reports on knee stability.
Effects of an Intensive Reading Intervention for Ninth-Grade English Learners With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Williams Kelly J. , Vaughn Sharon
Published: June 2019

English learners with learning disabilities (LD) have well-documented difficulties comprehending text. This study examined the effects of an intensive reading intervention (Reading Intervention for Adolescents [RIA]) on reading outcomes (word reading, vocabulary, and comprehension) for ninth-grade ELs with LD ( n = 85). In the RIA, students received instruction in advanced word study, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Participants assigned to RIA received the intervention for the entire ninth-grade school year for approximately 3.75 to 4.25 hr a week, whereas students in the comparison condition participated in elective courses. After using analysis of covariance to test for treatment effects and controlling for false discovery rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups except on the proximal vocabulary measure ( g = 0.41). Small, nonsignificant effects were observed on measures of word reading and sentence-level comprehension, and Hedges’ g values ranged from 0.08 to 0.18. Findings reveal the challenges of improving reading outcomes for English learners with learning disabilities in high school.
An improved procedure to assess the organic biodegradability and the biomethane potential of organic wastes for anaerobic digestion
Authors: Teixeira Franco Ruben , Coarita Helen , Bayard Rémy , Buffière Pierre
Published: June 2019

In this study a fractionation procedure was developed and applied to evaluate the potential of some organic wastes (two cattle manures and two catch crops, fresh and after ensiling) for anaerobic digestion. This procedure was based on water extraction of the raw sample, which enabled the evaluation of the contributions of water-soluble and particulate phases to the investigated properties. Biomethane potential (BMP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined and used to assess the anaerobic biodegradability of raw materials. Analysis of structural carbohydrates, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, water-soluble carbohydrates, volatile fatty acids and pH were also included to explain the main phenomena involved in methane production from the tested biomass. Results show that the origin and the preparation mode had a significant impact on BMP distribution. Based on a COD balance, the biodegradability of the various feedstocks ranged from 45% to 75%. Biodegradability of fresh materials was negatively correlated with the sum of structural carbohydrates and lignin content. Among the feedstock used, the water-soluble phase represented 8–69% of the total COD and 7–46% to the total BMP. Solubilization of organic matter during ensiling was due to the production and accumulation of organic acids from particulate carbohydrates and organic nitrogen. This procedure detects kinetic and biodegradability differences among biomass and thus it can be useful for the design of anaerobic digestion plants. Furthermore, it can be applied to evaluate the efficiency of biomass pretreatments.
Greater Disease Burden, Greater Risk? Exploring Cognitive Change and Health Status Among Older Blacks
Authors: Byrd DeAnnah R. , Thorpe Roland J. , Whitfield Keith E.
Published: June 2019

Objective: The objective of study is to examine the relationships between health status and changes in cognition over time among middle to older aged Blacks. Method: Data come from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. At baseline, 602 Black participants, ranging from ages 48 to 95 years, were enrolled. At follow-up, approximately 3 years later, 450 participants were re-interviewed. Results: After accounting for baseline cognition, age, sex, and education, a greater number of health conditions was associated with slower perceptual speed ( b = −5.099, p = .022). Average peak expiratory flow was also associated with improvements in working memory ( b = 0.029, p = .019) and perceptual speed ( b = 0.026, p = .026), controlling for model covariates. Discussion: Study findings demonstrate that greater disease burden is associated with declines in specific fluid cognitive abilities in middle to later life among Blacks. This finding highlights the importance of reducing health disparities that disproportionately affect Blacks.
Probabilistic framework for the assessment of the flexural design of concrete sleepers
Authors: Canga Ruiz Alvaro E , Edwards J Riley , Qian Yu , Dersch Marcus S
Published: June 2019

An extensive study of the flexural performance of monoblock prestressed concrete sleepers in a light rail system was conducted as part of a research program funded by the Federal Transit Administration. Five consecutive sleepers deployed on the track were instrumented with strain gauges at their critical design cross-sections (center and rail seats) to obtain relevant flexural information during an uninterrupted period of 14 months. Results were compared with the projected design capacities obtained from the application of current design standards, resulting in glaring differences. The current design methodologies were deemed insufficient for the development of optimal design solutions for light rail applications. Furthermore, structural reliability analysis is employed to study the flexural capacity of the sleeper design. A capacity model based on the material and geometric properties of the sleeper design was developed. The demand model was derived from the field flexural data of over 27,000 train passes, fitting this information to predefined probability distributions. Four limit-state functions were defined to represent the typical flexural failure modes. The probability of failure was calculated using first-order reliability method, second-order reliability method, and Monte Carlo simulation. Ultimately, the analysis yielded consistent results for the three methods, showing largely low probability of failure at both design cross-sections under the studied demand level. In conclusion, the sleeper's capacity was higher than the existing field demands, indicating an overly conservative design approach.
A study on the effect of ligament and tendon detachment on human middle ear sound transfer using mathematic model
Authors: Xie Pengpeng , Peng Yong , Hu Junjiao , Yi Shengen
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of ligament and tendon detachment on human middle ear sound transfer. For this purpose, a geometric human middle ear model was reconstructed based on the computed tomography scanning data of the temporal bones from healthy adult volunteers. For the ear model, pars tensa was assumed to be fit for a 5-parameter Maxwell model and inverse method was used to obtain the necessary coefficients. Furthermore, frequency response method was implemented to investigate the vibration behaviors of tympanic membrane umbo and stapes footplate under an acoustic stimulus of 90 dB within 0.2–8 kHz. Meanwhile, nine patterns of fractured ligaments and tendons, whose effects on the middle ear sound transfer function were simulated by setting free the nodes of the ligaments and tendons of interest. The results indicate that the displacement of tympanic membrane umbo and stapes footplate as well as the velocity transfer function lies within the bounds of the published experimental data. The detachments of ligaments or tendons except for lateral mallear ligament may incur both gains as much as 15 dB and losses of –8 dB in the velocity of stapes footplate at low frequencies ( f≤ 1 kHz), while no significant changes were observed at high frequencies ( f > 1 kHz). However, detachment of the ligaments or tendons induces tiny changes in the displacement of stapes footplate at the frequencies of 0.2–8 kHz.
Force and vibration generated in apical direction by three endodontic files of different kinematics during simulated canal preparation: An in vitro analytical study
Authors: Nayak Ankit , Kankar PK , Jain Prashant K , Jain Niharika
Published: June 2019

During root canal shaping, pain could result from the high level of force or vibration generated. This could be related to file kinematics or geometry. In the present study, a comparison is made between forces and vibrations generated by endodontic files having three different kinematics. Square pillar resin blocks were used as simulated root canals to study forces and vibrations generated by the file having reciprocating motion (WaveOne Gold), transline motion (Self-Adjusting File), and rotary motion (2Shape). The forces and vibrations were measured using the dynamometer and accelerometer, respectively. Recorded time domain signals were processed in MATLAB to calculate the root mean square value. A one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test for post hoc comparison at 95% confidence interval were applied over the root mean square data of different files. From a statistical analysis of the file systems, the null hypotheses could not be accepted ( P < 0.05) as 95% of the confidence interval. Differences between the means were statistically significant. The root mean square values of force and vibration for WaveOne Gold significantly exceeded those of Self-Adjusting File, 2Shape1, and 2Shape2 while the root mean square values of vibration for 2Shape1 and 2Shape2 were significantly less than the Self-Adjusting File; however, the root mean square value of force for the 2Shape2 was significantly more than for the Self-Adjusting File. Under the present experimental conditions, significant differences in the root mean square values of force and vibration of the three endodontic files of different kinematics have been observed. The WaveOne Gold file system generated higher apical force and vibration than the transline and rotary file system.
A new Fourier series method and displacement function for in-plane vibration and power flow characteristics analysis of isotropic rectangular plates
Authors: Mahapatra Kavikant , Panigrahi SK
Published: June 2019

The generation of in-plane vibration in plates is an important issue and frequently occurs due to the presence of excitations in the ship’s hull due to turbulent fluid flows, turbulent airflow excitation on aerospace structures, gear system subjected to axial excitation, assemblies housing piezoelectric crystals and sandwiched plates, and so on. The present analysis aims to establish a universal and numerically efficient method for determination of in-plane vibration characteristics of isotropic rectangular plates both for conventional and general boundary conditions. The new in-plane Fourier series and displacement function of the plate have been developed using beam displacement functions in x and y directions, respectively, under in-plane condition. A modified Fourier series assumption for the in-plane beam displacement has been utilised and further developed as plate displacement function. The computational efficiency of the present method is compared in terms of convergence of natural frequency parameter, speed of execution and manual convenience to reduce human errors with the frequently used Fourier series method by various researchers. Rayleigh–Ritz procedure has been applied to determine the in-plane natural frequencies. The mode shapes for few conventional and generally varying boundary conditions have been presented and analysed. The dynamic response has been obtained and analysed in terms of the in-plane mobility and power flow characteristics of the plate under varying boundary conditions. The validity of results obtained by the current method has shown excellent accuracy and faster convergence with the existing results. The present results can provide a benchmark to analyse the dynamic in-plane response of plate systems being used for built-up structures in real engineering applications.
A study of thermoelastic damping in micromechanical resonators under unified generalized thermoelasticity formulation
Authors: Kumar Roushan , Kumar Ravi
Published: June 2019

In this article, a unified formulation for the generalized coupled thermoelasticity theories by employing an appropriate system of partial differential equations as the governing system is presented to investigate thermoelastic damping of a microbeam resonator. The generalized coupled thermoelasticity theories namely: the extended thermoelasticity proposed by Lord and Shulman, the thermoelasticity without energy dissipation (thermoelasticity type-II) and the thermoelasticity with energy dissipation (thermoelasticity type III) in a unified way by introducing the unified parameters. An explicit formula of thermoelastic damping has been derived in a unified way and numerical results for effects of the beam height, relaxation time parameter on thermoelastic damping of the microbeam resonator have been studied and compared.
Influence of piston bowl geometry on combustion and emission characteristics
Authors: Şener Ramazan , Özdemir Mehmed R , Yangaz Murat U
Published: June 2019

Together with the global energy concerns, the norms are getting stringent to prevent the emission threat. There are on-going studies on systems working with both fossil and renewable energy sources aiming to create more efficient and less emissive processes and devices. Accordingly, a set of numerical simulations was performed to examine the effect of the bowl shape of a piston on the performance behaviour, emission rates and combustion characteristics in a four-cylinder, four strokes, water-cooled compression ignition engine using n-heptane (C7H16) as fuel. Six different piston bowl geometries, five from the literature and proposed one, were utilized having different length-to-diameter ratio, curvature and sidewall radius. The study was conducted at 1750 r/min engine speed and a constant compression ratio with a full performance condition. The intake and exhaust valves have been considered as closed during the analysis to provide the variation of crank angle from 300 CA to 495 CA. The results showed that the piston bowl geometry has a significant impact on the rate of heat release, in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperature, and emission trends in the engine. Among the piston bowl geometries studied, design DE and design DF exhibited better combustion characteristics and relatively lower emission trends compared to other designs. The observed rate of heat release, in-cylinder pressure and in-cylinder temperature magnitudes of these two geometries was higher in comparison to other geometries. Moreover, the trade-off for NOx emission was also observed higher for these piston bowl designs.
Let the buyer beware: Content analysis of cosmetic surgery websites’ provider information
Authors: Goodman J. Robyn
Published: June 2019

Given that many consumers do not understand any licensed physician can perform cosmetic surgery, cosmetic procedure advertising regulation is lacking and differs by state; and consumers often search for providers online and rely on the site’s information. Cosmetic surgery websites have the potential to be a threat to consumers’ safety and health. This study asked what types of physician information do cosmetic surgery websites supply. A content analysis was conducted with 873 physicians’ information provided on cosmetic surgery websites in the top 10 cosmetic surgery cities, finding members of plastic surgery associations and core providers were more likely to list medical qualifications. All physicians were unlikely to list experience. Two-thirds stated their specific board certification, and 15% to 30% in each city failed to follow their state’s regulations for disclosing board certification. The study concludes by suggesting national ethical guidelines.
My talent or yours? A labour process analysis of talent management in practice
Authors: Kabwe Chitalu , Tripathi Smita
Published: June 2019

The article empirically examines the experiences of managers and employees involved in talent management practices. Our empirical aim is to explore the ways in which high-potential employees might also be exposed to a degradation of their employment relationship. We make a theoretical contribution by analysing talent management practices through the conceptual lens of labour process theory. Labour process theory is part of a well-established Marxist approach and we extend this framework to analyse talent management practices in industrial capitalism to offer new insights into how these practices are changing the employment relationships via augmented managerial control and work intensification. Using an employer–employee perspective, we use qualitative data from three multinational companies based in Europe. Our findings indicate the widespread use of ‘softer’ forms of control, alongside work intensification and a general illusion of opportunity and expectations, thus degrading and hollowing out the employment relationship. In effect, talent management practices are increasing workplace pressure through uncompensated talent development activities and are paradoxically debilitating the employment relationships for the ‘talented’ employees.
Preoperative Anxiety Effect on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Nixon Devon C. , Schafer Kevin A. , Cusworth Brian , McCormick Jeremy J. , Johnson Jeffrey , Klein Sandra E.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Preoperative emotional distress has been shown to negatively influence joint arthroplasty and spine surgery, but limited data exist for foot and ankle outcomes. Emotional distress can be captured through modern tools like the Patient-Reported Outcomes Instrument Measurement System (PROMIS) anxiety domain. We hypothesized that patients with greater preoperative PROMIS anxiety scores would report greater pain and less function after foot and ankle surgery than patients with lower preoperative anxiety levels.

Methods:

Elective foot and ankle surgeries from May 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively identified. PROMIS anxiety, pain interference (PI), and physical function (PF) scores were collected before and after surgery. Patients were grouped based on preoperative PROMIS scores greater or less than 59.4. A cutoff of PROMIS anxiety above 59.4 was selected as the threshold that corresponds to traditional measures of anxiety.

Results:

Compared to patients with less preoperative anxiety (average: 47.2, n=146), patients with higher preoperative anxiety (average: 63.9, n=59) had greater preoperative pain (PROMIS PI: 63.5 vs 59.1, P < .001) and lower physical function (PROMIS PF: 37.9 vs 42.0, P = .001). Postoperatively, patients with higher preoperative anxiety had more residual pain and greater functional disability as compared to patients with less preoperative emotional distress (PROMIS PI: 58.6 vs 52.9, P < .001; PROMIS PF: 39.8 vs 44.4, P < .001; respectively).

Conclusion:

Our evidence showed that preoperative emotional anxiety predicted worse pain and function at early operative follow-up. Measures of preoperative anxiety could be useful in identifying patients at risk for poorer operative outcomes, but continued study is necessary.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
The Enemy of My Enemy Is My Tweet: How #NotTheEnemy Twitter Discourse Defended the Journalistic Paradigm
Authors: Whipple Kelsey N. , Shermak Jeremy L.
Published: June 2019

When U.S. President Donald Trump called the press the “enemy of the American people” and “FAKE NEWS” in a February 2017 tweet, his statement inspired a robust debate about the credibility, institutional norms, and national significance of the press, which were debated on social media by both journalists and non-journalists using the popular hashtag #NotTheEnemy. Because previous research suggests that elite discourse of “fake news” decreases public trust in the press, this tweet presented a unique danger to the journalistic paradigm and public trust in American journalism. Through a mixed-method approach combining quantitative content analysis and qualitative textual analysis, this research explores the major themes and dominant sentiments of this public discourse about the press and analyzes #NotTheEnemy’s contributions to reinforcing the journalistic paradigm in the wake of the president’s attack and its impact on American public opinion of and trust in the media.
Blueberry pomace as a source of antioxidant fibre in cookies: Consumer’s expectations and critical attributes for developing a new product
Authors: Curutchet Ana , Cozzano Sonia , Tárrega Amparo , Arcia Patricia
Published: June 2019

Valorisation of an agroindustry by-product, through its uses as an ingredient, in the development of a product may be an opportunity for industries to reduce wastes; generating a valuable product rich in bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, as happens with every new product, food manufacturers follow the market trend ensuring that any new product or idea meets consumer’s expectations. The aim of this work is to study the expectation and the acceptability of consumers towards fibre-enriched cookies using blueberry pomace as a functional ingredient. A label for the blueberry cookies, created for this purpose, was evaluated by consumers who rated their expected liking when observing this label. Fibre-enriched cookies were formulated using blueberry pomace powder as source ingredient for antioxidant dietary fibre. A cookie without fibre was evaluated as a reference. Cookies were evaluated by a group of consumers who rated their degree of liking when tasting the sample under blind and informed conditions. Results showed that the consumer expectations were not fulfilled when assessing the product. Acceptability scores of blueberry pomace, fibre-enriched cookies show that most consumers are not willing to compromise hedonic aspects of cookies for their healthful attributes. Focus group was used to explore the characteristics a healthy cookie should have. Formulation of cookies must be optimised taking into account the acceptability of consumers.
Steps Toward Scalability: Illustrations From a Smoke-Free Homes Program
Authors: Kegler Michelle C. , Haardörfer Regine , Melanson Taylor , Allen Lindsey , Bundy Lucja T. , Kreuter Matthew W. , Williams Rebecca S. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Mullen Patricia Dolan
Published: June 2019

Scalable interventions remain effective across a range of real-world settings and can be modified to fit organizational and community context. “Smoke-Free Homes: Some Things are Better Outside” has been effective in promoting smoke-free home rules in low-income households in efficacy, effectiveness, generalizability, and dissemination studies. Using data from a dissemination study in collaboration with five 2-1-1 call centers in Ohio, Florida, Oklahoma, and Alabama ( n = 2,345 households), this article examines key dimensions of scalability, including effectiveness by subpopulation, secondary outcomes, identification of core elements driving effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness. Evaluated by 2-1-1 staff using a pre–post design with self-reported outcomes at 2 months postbaseline, the program was equally effective for men and women, across education levels, with varying number of smokers in the home, and whether children were present in the home or not. It was more effective for nonsmokers, those who smoked fewer cigarettes per day, and African Americans. Creating a smoke-free home was associated with a new smoke-free vehicle rule (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38, confidence interval [CI 2.58, 4.42]), decreased exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers (b = −2.33, p < .0001), and increased cessation among smokers (OR = 5.8, CI [3.81, 8.81]). Use of each program component was significantly associated with success in creating a smoke-free home. Using an intent-to-treat effect size of 40.1%, program benefits from 5 years of health care savings exceed program costs yielding a net savings of $9,633 for delivery to 100 households. Cost effectiveness, subpopulation analyses, and identification of core elements can help in assessing the scalability potential of research-tested interventions such as this smoke-free homes program.
Behavioral Interventions to Increase Condom Use Among College Students in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Whiting Willandra , Pharr Jennifer R. , Buttner Mark P. , Lough Nancy L.
Published: June 2019

Background. Traditional undergraduate college students in the United States are in the age range that experiences the highest rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and are vulnerable to contracting STIs. Increasing condom use among college students is a prevention strategy to reduce the spread of STIs. Aim. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to identify behavioral interventions that increased condom use behaviors and/or intentions among college students. Method. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in systematically searching, extracting, appraising, and synthesizing the evidence. A quality assessment was also conducted with the tool provided by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Results. The initial search yielded 715 records. After critical appraisal, seven articles remained for review. Discussion. Four of the interventions were developed using the three constructs of the information, motivation, and behavioral skills model, and all four found significant increases in condom use or condom use intentions. Additionally, interventions that included modules to increase self-efficacy for condom use, taught participants where to get condoms and how to negotiate condom use with partners, or elicited positive associations (feels) toward condoms saw increased condom use or intention to use condoms.
Coccygeal Polypoid Eccrine Nevus Presenting as a Skin Tag: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gibson Christopher G , Zidron Amy M , Gibson Ruby S , Essien Francis , Jenkinson Scott A
Published: June 2019

Coccygeal polypoid eccrine nevi (CPEN) are rare, benign, cutaneous polypoid lesions localized to the coccyx region that are characterized by areas of hyperplastic eccrine ducts without hyperhidrosis. We present the case of an asymptomatic 16-month-old female with a congenital lesion in the lower sacral area and review the literature and the differential diagnosis for CPEN.
Feasibility study of the National Autistic Society EarlyBird parent support programme
Authors: Palmer Melanie , San José Cáceres Antonia , Tarver Joanne , Howlin Patricia , Slonims Vicky , Pellicano Elizabeth , Charman Tony
Published: June 2019

The EarlyBird programme is a group-based psychoeducation intervention for parents of young children with autism. Although it is widely used in the United Kingdom, the evidence base for the programme is very limited. Using a mixed method, non-randomised research design, we aimed to test (1) the acceptability of the research procedures (recruitment, retention, suitability of measures), (2) the parental acceptability of EarlyBird (attendance, views of the programme, perceived changes) and (3) the facilitator acceptability of EarlyBird (fidelity, views of the programme, perceived changes). Seventeen families with a 2- to 5-year-old autistic child and 10 EarlyBird facilitators took part. Pre- and post-intervention assessment included measures of the child’s autism characteristics, cognitive ability, adaptive behaviour, emotional and behavioural problems and parent-reported autism knowledge, parenting competence, stress and wellbeing. Semi-structured interviews were completed at post-intervention with parents and facilitators. For those involved in the study, the research procedures were generally acceptable, retention rates were high and the research protocol was administered as planned. Generally, positive views of the intervention were expressed by parents and facilitators. Although the uncontrolled, within-participant design does not allow us to test for efficacy, change in several outcome measures from pre- to post-intervention was in the expected direction. Difficulties were encountered with recruitment (opt-in to the groups was ~56% and opt-in to the research was 63%), and strategies to enhance recruitment need to be built into any future trial. These findings should be used to inform protocols for pragmatic, controlled trials of EarlyBird and other group-based interventions for parents with young autistic children.
Stick–slip vibrations in oil well drillstring: A review
Authors: Tang Liping , Guo Baolin , Zhu Xiaohua , Shi Changshuai , Zhou Yunlai
Published: June 2019

A survey of the literature related to theoretical and experimental studies on stick–slip vibration in oilwell drillstring is carried out in this study. It aims to explain key concepts and present the existing methods for studying this phenomenon. After briefly describing the stick–slip vibration related problems, theoretical models for such phenomenon are discussed including both coupled and uncoupled models. Discussion for experimental investigations including both laboratory and field tests are hereinafter addressed. This study aims to summarize the literature related to the stick–slip vibration, and help researchers in understanding and suppressing such phenomenon.
Exploring theoretical approaches to global social policy research: Learning from international relations and inter-organisational theory
Authors: Kaasch Alexandra , Koch Martin , Martens Kerstin
Published: June 2019

Global Social Policy (GSP) has established itself as a distinct field of research over the past 25 years. Without doubt one of the leading figure to this advancement was Bob Deacon. He integrated several explanations and approaches into social policy research that had so far been distinct in other disciplinary fields, including concepts of International Relations (IR). That allowed to explain more about policy autonomy, inter-action between actors at the global level and potential impacts of international organisations on national social policies. Combining IR, organisational studies and GSP, this article wants to go a step further in this vein of GSP theoretical studies. We seek to make a contribution by running through a number of recently popular inter-organisational relations approaches within an IR context, and discuss how, and to what extent, they can be used to make more profound theoretical claims about the nature of GSP. The article first summarises the state of the art in GSP research with a view on international actors, particularly international organisations. Then we describe the specific characteristics of international organisations in existing GSP research and provide a number of theoretical considerations from organisational studies as part of IR scholarship that help construct a more nuanced understanding of how global actors function and interact. We link the theoretical accounts to empirical examples from the GSP literature, and detect what, and how, approaches and frames from this field may usefully tackle challenges GSP scholarship is facing.
Structure design and control research of a novel underwater cable-driven manipulator for autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Li Binbin , Wang Yaoyao , Zhu Kangwu , Chen Bai , Wu Hongtao
Published: June 2019

Aiming at the requirements of lightweight, low energy consumption and low inertia of the manipulators for autonomous underwater vehicles, this article presents a novel underwater cable-driven manipulator for autonomous underwater vehicles. Thanks to the cable-driven mechanism, the motors are installed remotely from joints, which can reduce the disturbance of the motion of the manipulator to the system and extend the operation time under the premise of limited energy. Cable–sheath mechanism is used to realize the motors to be fixedly mounted on the base (postposition). A prototype named Polaris-II is assembled, and experiments are carried out with the time-delay control scheme. Although the control effect of a single time-delay controller is good, there exist large errors caused by the reversing of joints. Therefore, a fuzzy compensator is designed and added to the time-delay controller to suppress the large errors. The experimental results show that the time-delay controller with a fuzzy compensator has a good inhibitory effect on the large errors while maintaining good control effect.
Estimation of turbulent boundary layer induced noise using energy flow analysis for ship hull designs
Authors: Choi Woen-Sug , Hong Suk-Yoon , Kwon Hyun-Wung , Seo Jeong-Hwa , Rhee Shin-Hyung , Song Jee-Hun
Published: June 2019

A turbulent boundary layer develops on the surface of submerged bodies in motion; these layers consist of complex flows and interact with the structure causing turbulent boundary layer induced noise due to fluid-structure interaction. Recently, although the research on such noise has attracted great interest in the naval fields, owing to the focus on the competitive development of low-noise naval ships, the limitations corresponding to the application of methods developed in aeroacoustics for underwater structures having lower convection speed of turbulence and faster sound speed along with insufficient environments to conduct experiments restrained to subjects of simple structures at high frequency. To overcome the abovementioned limitations and study the noise characteristics for ship hull design, in this research, methods to analyze the noise radiated due to turbulent flow on the complex underwater structure are developed using energy flow analysis methods for vibro-acoustic calculations. For estimation of the input hydrodynamic forces, wall pressure fluctuation spectrum on the surface is obtained from turbulent boundary layer properties to acquire sufficient resolutions. The vibrational response of the structure is calculated using energy flow analysis incorporating the finite element method for structural forces estimated as input power. The acoustical response coupled with the vibrational response is obtained using the calculated vibrational energy density with the boundary element method in combination with the energy flow analysis, taking advantages of the fact that the methods share the common energy variables. Developed methods are validated with a case of broadband noise radiated from a plate. Using the procedures, numerical estimation and analysis of acoustic performance are performed for trimaran ship hull designs with steady-state computational fluid dynamics to demonstrate the method’s usability as an assessment tool in the early design stage.
The Economics of Migration
Authors: Portes Jonathan
Published: June 2019

Economists broadly agree: the political backlash against immigration in many countries is not economically rational. The evidence strongly supports immigration as, overall, a clear benefit to destination countries.
What Happens When the United States Stops Taking in Refugees?
Authors: Fee Molly , Arar Rawan
Published: June 2019

Most of the world’s 25.4 million refugees have been displaced for five or more years. A sharp curtailment in refugee arrivals to the United States, then, isn’t just a national decision, but a global disruption.
Black Artists and Elite Taste Culture
Authors: Banks Patricia A.
Published: June 2019

Patricia A. Banks on the uneven unfolding of racial and gender diversity in elite art markets.
Stemming the Exploitation of Immigrant Farm Labor
Authors: Smolski Andrew R.
Published: June 2019

Andrew R. Smolski on leveraging labor and immigration policy to protect H-2A farm workers and provide a path to citizenship.
Free Access to Public Ecuadorian Universities: A Socioeconomically Inclusive Policy?
Authors: Guerrero Alicia , Avilés César , Ruano Maria Alejandra
Published: June 2019

A free higher education policy was implemented in Ecuador in 2008. This article analyzes whether the effect of this policy has contributed to eliminating access barriers through the evaluation of a set of socioeconomic, demographic variables, and others related to educational policies concerning the admission process implemented in 2012. It is found that although the free education policy has increased the probability of access to higher education institutions, the admission process has reduced such access.
Common network coding condition and traffic matching supported network coding aware routing for wireless multihop network
Authors: Wang Cuixiang , Shao Xing , Gao Zhi , Zhao Chuanxin , Gao Jun
Published: June 2019

Network coding–based routing has been widely considered as a promising technology to improve the network throughput of wireless multihop network. However, existing network coding aware routings have the problem of failure decoding and usually neglect the transmission scheduling, which degrades the gain of network coding. In this article, a common network coding condition and traffic matching supported network coding aware routing is proposed for wireless multihop network. In this, common network coding condition is proposed to avoid the problem of failed decoding. In addition, traffic matching mechanism is presented to promote the occurrence of network coding. Besides, a coding and load aware routing metric, which jointly considers the network coding opportunity and node load, is designed to evaluate the discovered paths. Extensive simulations on NS2 demonstrate that CTNR increases the number of coding opportunities and network coding occurrence, and improves network throughput.
Quantifying time-varying cause-specific hazard and subdistribution hazard ratios with competing risks data
Authors: Diao Guoqing , Ibrahim Joseph G
Published: June 2019

Various non-proportional hazard models have been developed in the literature for competing risks data. The regression coefficients under these models, however, typically cannot be compared directly. We propose new methods to quantify the average of the time-varying cause-specific hazard ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios through two general classes of transformations and weight functions that are chosen to reflect the relative importance of the hazard ratios in different time periods. We further propose an [Formula: see text] -norm type of test statistic that incorporates the test statistics for all possible pairs of the transformation function and weight function under consideration. Extensive simulations are conducted under various settings of the hazards and demonstrate that the proposed test performs well under all settings. An application to a clinical trial in follicular lymphoma is examined in detail.
Effect of acupuncture combined with Astragalus injection on peripheral blood inflammatory factors in children with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Xue Huimin , Shao Shan
Published: June 2019

The objective of this article is to explore the clinical efficacy of acupuncture therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined with Astragalus injection in the treatment of children with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and its effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in peripheral blood. A total of 116 children with diarrhea-predominant IBS admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated with Astragalus injection, while the research group was treated with acupuncture therapy of TCM combined with Astragalus injection. The therapeutic effects, the concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and 5-HT in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups. The therapeutic efficacy of the study group was better than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and 5-HT in the peripheral blood of the study group were less than those of the control group ( P < 0.05). Acupuncture therapy of TCM combined with Astragalus injection has a satisfactory effect in the treatment of children with diarrhea-predominant IBS, which is worthy of more publicity and application in the clinic.
Immigrant Women and Workplace in Canada: Organizing Agents for Social Change
Authors: Jagire Jennifer
Published: June 2019

This article examines the role of immigrant women in shaping the economy of Canada. Women in a new environment have roles to play in job creation, networking, cultural input, and resistance to discrimination in the workplace. The strength of diasporic communities lies in their abilities to organize to find work or create it for themselves. Women have shown their ability to organize and bring to the public some of the discriminatory practices that have forced policy change by the government. The concept of the “enclave economy” cannot be ignored.