bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of enzyme immobilization for human health
Authors: Yalcinkaya Zeki , Turan Hakan , Demir Halit
Published: February 2025

In this review, we aimed to emphasize the importance of immobilized enzymes for human health in shed light on recent literature. In addition to our clinical experiences, some literature studies on immobilized enzymes were evaluated. The immobilized enzymes bind to a specific region physically by using mediator enzymes and shows catalytic activities repeatedly and continuously without losing their catalytic activities. In other words, enzyme immobilization is the trapping or binding of the insoluble form of the enzyme or the carrier agent to itself. Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are tougher and more resistant to environmental changes. Some immobilized enzymes are also used in various industries. Immobilization techniques are generally used in industrial processes, diagnostics, bio-affinity chromatography and biosensors applications. As recently, immobilized enzymes have begun to be used in dissolving blood clots and clearing wounds.
Pre/post-surgical investigation of some angiogenic factors due to cancer and obesity
Authors: Guler Sertac Ata , Yurekli Atilla , Canturk Nuh Zafer , Posteki Gokhan , Simsek Turgay , Tatar Ozan Can , Yurekli Muhittin
Published: February 2025

Objective:   Obesity is one of the important health problem for developed and developing countries. Due to literature some obesity related factors may trigger the tumor formation. For tumor development, tumoregenic cell and tissue  needs to oxygen and nutrients. Once the tumor has developed, it stimulates the angiogenesis by producing chemical signals and grows by supplied oxygen and nutrients with newly formed vessels. Aim of this study is to compare some angiogenic factors before and after surgery which will supply more information about the link between the cancer and obesity.
Material and Methods: Serum samples were obtained before and 48 hours after surgery. Adrenomedullin, vascular endothelial growth factor, hipoxia inducible factor1-α and matrix metallo proteinase-2 levels were investigated in cancerous and noncancer patients. Angiogenic factors were assayed by ELISA method.
Results: Higher levels of angiogenic factor were detected in cancer tissues more than in non-cancer tissues, in pre-obese and obese patients. It is seen that in humans, in post-operated patients angiogenic factors are higher in obese individuals, while non-cancer patients are also higher in obese groups and angiogenic factors which stimulate angiogenesis. 
Conclusion: In the treatment of cancer, as defined previously the anti-angiogenic factors should be considered and applied as epigenetic phenomen. Due to our finding cancer related elevated angiogenic and growth factor biochemicals had been also increased in obes population and in cancer patients with surgical intervention. In the light of literature and our findings, instead of drugs, radiation therapy or surgery, which have many side effects in the treatment of cancer, we need to focus to this epigenetic phenomen for cancer patients. In general, we can say that both obesity and surgical applications lead to an increase in angiogenic factor levels, and that the healing process of wounds causes a marked increase in angiogenic factor levels
Complete heart block and acute inferior myocardial infarction due to generalized vasospasm
Authors: Icen Yahya Kemal , Koc Mevlut
Published: February 2025

Sixtyone years old female patient had applied to emergency department with chest pain. Her ECG taken was compliant with acute inferior myocardial infarction and complete heart block. In her coronary angiography (CAG), there was generalized vasospasm from osteal in left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and circumflex artery (CX). 10 mcg/kg/mn nitrate was infused in the coronary and vasospasm is disappeared. After CAG, her ECG was normal and she discharged with medical treatment recommendations
Determination of conditions that may prevent the effective use of blood in blood transfusion
Authors: Kilinc Seyma , Kockar Cigdem
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study was conducted to determine conditions that may prevent the effective use of blood in blood transfusion.
Methods: The study's universe consisted of transplanted and wasted blood and blood products (n=309) in a university research hospital orthopedics and traumatology, neurosurgery, pediatric hematology and pediatric intensive care clinics.  Between 10.12.2014 and 20.04.2015, in the mentioned clinics, the data about blood waste and reasons was collected. The rates of use and waste of blood according to clinics, the rates of use and waste of blood according to the age of patients and the rates of use and waste of blood according to blood groups were analyzed by using independent t test.
Results: When the blood ratios used and wasted according to the clinics were examined, the mean blood amount used in the neonatal intensive care clinic was 27,79 ml, while the amount of blood wasted was 472,43 ml (Due to 500 ml Blood bags). The mean amount of blood used in the pediatric hematology clinic was 189.62 ml, and the amount of blood wasted at the same clinic was 310.38 ml. When the reasons of blood waste were examined, it was concluded that the rate of not using pediatric blood bags was 40.1% and the rate of unnecessary request was 59.9%.
Conclusion: As a result, despite the fact that there is still not enough blood donations nowadays, it seems that blood is wasted because of preventable causes and not being used effectively.
Should the chronic form of tularemia be defined? Should the treatment of the chronic form be managed differently?
Authors: Yesim Alpay
Published: February 2025

Background: Tularemia is a bacterial, zoonotic diseasecaused by Francisella tularensis. Although the ulceroglandular form is the most common form in the world, oropharyngeal tularemia is the most common form in Turkey. Lymph node suppuration is the most common complication. F. tularensis causes granulomatous and suppurative lesions in the lymph nodes and other organs.
Methods: Seventeen suspected oropharyngeal form tularemia cases complicated with suppurated lymphadenitis have been examined in this study. All of the patients (17, 100%) had cervical lymphadenopathies and had a history of beta-lactam antibiotic use with the diagnosis of tonsillitis. Tularemia cases were diagnosed according to the case definition of World Health Organization (WHO).
Results: All of the patients (17, 100%) had cervical lymphadenopathies ranging in size from 2-8 cm and unilateral lymphadenopathy, while 12 (71%) patients had right-sided lymphadenopathy. The rate of fever was 41% and the rate of pharyngitis or tonsillitis was 52% at presentation. All patients had a history of beta-lactam antibiotic use with the diagnosis of tonsillitis. Seven patients recovered with first-line monotherapy. In the remaining 10 patients, treatment was rearranged, and these patients were switched to combination treatment or another anti-infective. Surgical drainage was performed on all but two of the patients.
Conclusions: The diagnosis of tularemia is often delayed. It may take a significant length of time to diagnose the condition and the disease may become complicated. As it is understood from our study and other studies, the types and duration of treatment can vary and differences can be observed in cases that are past the acute stage. Although the guideline has included a classical treatment approach for the tularemia, there is no standard approach to cases with delayed diagnosis, complicated cases and those refractory to conventional regimens. These observations and other examinations have raised the question whether the chronic form of tularemia should be defined, and whether the treatment options and durations should be re-standardized according to the ‘chronic tularemia’ definition as a ‘chronic granulomatous disease’
A single group, pretest-posttest clinical trial for the effects of botulinum toxin injection using dual guidance into the upper extremity muscles for the treatment of focal spasticity in patients with chronic stroke
Authors: Ata Emre , Dincer Umit
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to determine if ultrasonography and electrical muscle stimulation-guided botulinum toxin injection into the upper extremity muscles increases the efficacy of the treatment of focal spasticity in patients with chronic stroke.
Materials and Methods: This study included 22 chronic hemiplegic stroke patients with grade 2 and 3 spasticity in the upper extremity muscles, based on the Modified Ashworth Scale. The study hypothesis was that ultrasonography and electrical muscle stimulation-guided botulinum toxin injection would increase the efficacy of the treatment of spasticity. The Modified Ashworth Scale, Tardieu Scale, Barthel Index and Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale were administered at baseline, and at 2 weeks and 2 months post treatment.
Results: All parameters were improved significantly at 2 weeks post treatment, as compared to baseline, and the observed improvement persisted at 2 months post treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Ultrasonography and electrical muscle stimulation-guided botulinum toxin injection significantly improved spasticity and functional recovery in chronic stroke patients with upper extremity spasticity.
Impact of menopause on quality of life: A cross sectional study in menopausal females in the north of Jordan
Authors: Al-Mehaisen Lama , Al-kuran Oqba
Published: February 2025

Aims: Menopause can severely effects the somatic, urogenital and psychological aspects of life, our aim is to find out the Health Related Quality of Life in female patients with menopause in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Gynecology out-patient department. All female patients with menopause attending the Gynecology OPD of tertiary care hospital for various complaints were included in the study. After obtaining written informed consent, demographics, relevant medical and surgical history was noted and they were then administered validated questionnaire ‘Health related Quality of Life Questionnaire: Menopause Rating Scale’ (HRQoL).
Results: The overall population sample size was 409. The mean age of menopause was 48.91± 4.76 years. Hot flushes and sweating (somatic symptom) were the commonest symptom (86.31%), followed by anxiety (psychological symptom) in 76.53%.  Maximum score was attributed to psychological symptoms, while urogenital domain had the minimum score. The association between the duration of menopause (early versus late post-menopause) and severity of symptom complex was found to be significant in psychological symptoms only.  Frequency of psychological symptoms decreased as the duration since onset of menopause increased. Occurrence of somatic and urogenital symptoms is not significantly associated with duration of menopause.
Conclusion: Menopausal symptoms commonly affect a large number of early and late post-menopausal women and adversely affect health related quality of life. Menopausal symptoms are common in postmenopausal women and except psychological symptoms there is minimal difference in the frequency and severity of other symptoms with duration.
Leaf Disease Detection using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: K R Krupa Prasad , R Sunil Kumar , B R Harshitha , M Manoj Kumar , Yaragatti Raghavendra Rajesh
Published: February 2025

For the past two decades, the imbalance between food supply and population growth has been a major concern. Agriculture plays an important role in human development, and technological improvements have significantly contributed to this process. In this study, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) will be utilized to identify plant leaf diseases based on leaf images. The objective is to develop an application that accurately classifies plant images as healthy or diseased. This will be achieved by collecting and preprocessing a dataset of damaged and healthy plant images under varying watering conditions. Globally, essential agricultural commodities such as tomatoes, cotton, paddy, etc. often experience price fluctuations due to supply and demand issues. Additionally, many farmers lack access to agricultural specialists for diagnosing and treating leaf diseases. To solve this issue, a low-cost image processing technique is developed to detect leaf diseases in tomato plants, an essential ingredient in Indian kitchens. Using the CNN models, farmers can compare images of diseased leaves and detect infections early, enabling timely intervention. This approach benefits both farmers and consumers by stabilizing the prices of, tomatoes as it is rapid, cost-effective, and applicable year-round.
VERTICAL URBAN FARMING CENTER YANG INOVATIF DI SURAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN GREEN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Wijaya Rizki Adi , Rakhmanty Febrione Putri
Published: February 2025

Kota Surakarta merupakan daerah perkotaan yang memiliki sedikit lahan pertanian. Sebagai daerah perkotaan tidak cukup memiliki lahan penghasil pangan, sehingga sangat tergantung pada daerah sekitar melalui mata rantai perdagangan bahan pangan. Kegiatan Vertical Urban Farming dengan sistem hidroponik merupakan solusi dari permasalahan kurangnya lahan pertanian di Surakarta dengan memanfaatkan ruang terbuka yang tidak efisien di lahan terbuka hijau. Di sisi lain Vertical Urban Farming ini mempunyai perkembangan suatu media/alat yang dapat digunakan dengan lebih efisiensi guna memproses serta mengendalikan suatu masalah, dalam bentuk yang paling sederhana, kemajuan teknologi ini akan membuat hemat tenaga kerja dan yang hemat modal. Untuk itu, diperlukannya pembangunan Vertical Urban Farming Center yang inovatif di Surakarta. Permasalahan adalah desain seperti apa yang sesuai untuk fungsi bangunan sebagai penanaman hidroponik, penelitian, edukasi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif analisis-sintesis. Vertical Urban Farming Center dengan Pendekatan Green Architecture sebagai upaya mencapai desain hijau, arsitektur alami, dan pembangunan berkelanjutan dengan penggunaan energi, air, dan material yang lebih efisien dalam konstruksi.
PERENCANAAN MASTERPLAN KAWASAN PERTANIAN TERINTEGRASI YANG BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI
Authors: Preambudi Akbar , Dheany Annisa Oktareangga , Prabawa Bayu Argadyanto , Masagala Algazt Aryad
Published: February 2025

Pertanian terintegrasi yang menggabungkan elemen tanaman, peternakan, dan perikanan bertujuan untuk menciptakan ekosistem agro yang berkelanjutan dan efisien. Sistem ini tidak hanya meningkatkan produktivitas, tetapi juga melestarikan sumber daya alam. Sistem ini sangat penting untuk memenuhi permintaan pangan yang terus meningkat akibat populasi global. Perencanaan masterplan kawasan pertanian terintegrasi dirancang untuk memastikan interaksi optimal antara berbagai komponen pertanian. Dengan pendekatan ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan mengurangi kemiskinan di kawasan pedesaan, khususnya di Indonesia yang menghadapi tantangan seperti terbatasnya lahan dan perubahan iklim. Selain itu, integrasi teknologi modern dalam perencanaan sangat diperlukan untuk menghadapi tantangan tersebut, dengan melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan. Desa Kebakalan memiliki potensi pertanian, peternakan, dan perikanan yang kuat. Penyusunan masterplan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pangan dan mendukung target pengurangan kemiskinan ekstrem. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi tersebut sebagai dasar pembuatan masterplan berbasis teknologi. Hasil analisis potensi menunjukkan tiga sektor unggulan di Desa Kebakalan yaitu Pertanian, Peternakan, dan Perikanan. Hasil pengukuran site menunjukkan bahwa site masterplan tidak masuk dalam garis sempadan sungai.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN RESISTANCE BAND DAN KARET BAN TERHADAP KECEPATAN TENDANGAN SABIT PADA ATLET PUTRA TAPAK SUCI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 6 NGAWI TAHUN 2024
Authors: Totong Umar  , Hartini  , Danang Adhi Kusuma  , Wisnu Mahardika  , Muh. Ikhwan Iskandar  , Ariska Sugiarto
Published: February 2025

Dengan permasalahan yang sudah tertera maka peneliti ingin melakukan penelitian Perbedaan Pengaruh Metode Latihan Resistance Band dan Karet Ban Terhadap Kecepatan Tendangan Sabit Pada Atlet Putra Tapak Suci SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Ngawi Tahun 2024. dengan demikian tujuan peniti adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan yang lebih baik antara metode latihan Resistance Band dan karet ban terhadap peningkatan kecepatan tendangan sabit atlet putra tapak suci SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Ngawi Tahun 2024.Metode penelitian pada dasarnya merupakan cara ilmiah untuk mendapatkan data dengan tujuan dan kegunaan tertentu.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen, dasar penggunaan metode ini adalah kegiatan percobaan yang diawali dengan memberikan perlakuan kepada subjek yang diakhiri dengan suatu tes guna mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan yang diberikan hasil tes akhir yang diperoleh dari penelitian test kecepatan tendagan sabit Atlet Putra Tapak Suci SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Ngawi, maka peneliti menggunakan metode eksperimen dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.
Dengan demikian hasil masing-masing kategori yaitu kategori sangat baik dengan presentase 5,952% berjumlah 15 atlet dan kategori baik dengan presentase 5,0146% berjumlah 15 atlet. Hal ini telah dilakukan dengan membandingkan tes akhir dan tes awal terhadap Thitung dalam taraf kepercayaan 0,05. Jika Thitung lebih besar dari Ttabel berarti adanya perubahan yang berarti dari sebaliknya jika Thitung lebih kecil dari Ttabel berarti tidak ada perubahan yang berarti. (1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara metode Latihan Resistance band dan Karet ban terhadap kecepatan tendangan sabit pada Atlet Putra Tapak Suci SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Ngawi Tahun 2024. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil penghitungan tes akhir masing-masing kelompok yaitu thitung lebih besar daripada ttabel 2,145 dengan taraf signifikasi 5%. (2) Latihan metode karet ban lebih baik pengaruhnya daripada metode resistance band terhadap kecepatan tendangan sabit pada Atlet Putra Tapak Suci SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Ngawi Tahun 2024. Berdasarkan presentase peningkatan kemampuan kelincahan tendangan sabit dalam cabang olahraga pencak silat menunjukkan kelompok 1 (kelompok yang mendapatkan perlakuan metode Latihan karet ban) adalah 5,952% kelompok 2 (kelompok yang mendapatkan perlakuan metode resistance band) adalah 5,0146%.
Kata Kunci : pencak silat, kecepatan tendangan sabit
Methodological framework for the analysis of safety-oriented management in healthcare institutions
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, Harbuziuk Valerii , Rudnichenko Yevhenii ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: February 2025

The methodological framework for analyzing safety-oriented management in healthcare institutions represents a comprehensive set of methods and tools designed to facilitate the systematic collection, processing, and interpretation of critical data necessary for effective management in healthcare settings. This framework includes techniques for gathering primary information and provides structured approaches for its analysis, enabling informed decision-making to enhance the safety and efficiency of healthcare services. Additionally, it incorporates specific rules and guidelines for applying these methods under certain conditions, thus forming an integral part of the broader methodological foundations of healthcare management analysis. This framework covers a wide range of analytical methods that assist in the acquisition and processing of raw data, execution of analytical procedures, and accurate interpretation of results. The study highlights the diversity and complexity of methods applicable to safety-oriented management, emphasizing both the interpenetration and divergence of analytical techniques. It explores how different methods can complement each other, offering a multi-faceted perspective on safety management practices within healthcare institutions. Moreover, research categorizes and organizes these methods based on specific criteria, facilitating their appropriate selection and application in various analytical contexts. Special attention is given to introducing innovative methodologies, such as the EFQM Excellence Model, which provides a robust framework for evaluating and improving the quality and safety of healthcare management processes. Including such contemporary models underscores the evolving nature of healthcare management and the need for adaptable analytical approaches. The study asserts that applying these methods must be relevant and justified, necessitating strict adherence to predefined conditions that ensure the reliability and validity of analytical outcomes. A systematic sequence for selecting suitable methods has been developed to support this, enhancing the rationale and credibility of the analytical process. By following this structured approach, healthcare institutions can significantly improve their safety-oriented management practices, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes and more efficient healthcare delivery.

Keywords: safety-oriented management, healthcare institution, analysis, methodological framework, analysis method, conditions for method application, method selection sequence.
Supporting social entrepreneurship at the state level
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Druhova Olena , Lypovyi Dmytro ,   National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Lunkina Tеtiana ,   Mykolaiv National Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The article explores the current state of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine and analyzes effective mechanisms of state support for this sector. Emphasis is placed on the formation of a favorable legal environment, particularly the development of a legislative framework that provides a clear definition of social entrepreneurship and establishes criteria for receiving state support. Tax incentives are examined as a means of reducing the financial burden on social enterprises, including reduced corporate tax rates, exemption from value-added tax (VAT), and the introduction of tax holidays for newly established enterprises. The significance of financial support, such as grants, subsidies, and preferential loans, is substantiated as essential tools for providing resources for the creation and scaling of social projects. The importance of educational initiatives is highlighted to enhance the competencies of entrepreneurs, as well as informational support to raise public awareness about the benefits and opportunities of social entrepreneurship. The study underscores the critical role of state policy in addressing existing challenges, such as the lack of a unified legislative definition, limited access to financing, low societal awareness, and insufficient educational initiatives. Recommendations are proposed for adapting international best practices to foster the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The analysis also emphasizes the potential of financial mechanisms, such as grants aimed at supporting specific social initiatives, subsidies to offset operational costs, and low-interest loans designed to facilitate enterprise growth. Drawing on international experiences from countries like the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, France, and South Korea, the article demonstrates the effectiveness of integrated approaches to supporting social entrepreneurship. The adaptation of these practices to the Ukrainian context, considering its economic, legal, and cultural specificities, is identified as a key step towards creating a supportive ecosystem for social enterprises. Such measures are expected to enhance the sector’s capacity to address pressing social challenges, promote economic sustainability, and foster social cohesion in Ukraine.

Keywords: social entrepreneurship, state support, legislative framework, tax incentives, grants, subsidies, financial mechanisms, international best practices, Ukraine.
Management of the implementation of innovative technologies in a machine-building enterprise
Authors:   Robert Elworthy Economics and Technology Institute, Pavlova Olha , Puzyrov Oleksandr , Ped Iryna ,   Robert Elworthy Economics and Technology Institute
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes innovative activities in machine-building enterprises. It develops theoretical and practical foundations for implementing advanced technologies that enhance product competitiveness, optimize production processes, and enable enterprises to adapt to changing market conditions. The work examines in detail the role of innovative technologies in achieving the strategic goals of enterprises and the creation of a methodology for strategic innovation planning, which includes the analysis of market opportunities and threats, development of enterprise development scenarios, and their subsequent evaluation in the context of changing production conditions. Particular attention is given to analyzing the internal and external factors affecting the effectiveness of innovation management, including political, economic, and technological aspects, which directly influence innovation processes in enterprises. The proposed methodology can be applied to developing innovation strategies in machine-building enterprises, including stages such as analyzing needs and opportunities for innovation, scenario development, and identifying the most promising technological development directions. The role of new technologies in improving production process efficiency is crucial, such as the introduction of hot volumetric stamping technology. This technology significantly reduces production costs, shortens the time for manufacturing blanks, and increases enterprise productivity. Specifically, its implementation leads to a 47.1% reduction in material costs for manufacturing blanks and a decrease in overall production time by 348.6 days, significantly saving resources and time. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the development of theoretical and practical recommendations for the effective implementation of innovative technologies that improve the competitiveness of enterprises and ensure adaptation to dynamic market changes. The study’s practical significance lies in creating a comprehensive methodology for managing innovations, allowing enterprises to adapt their production processes to new market requirements, reducing costs, and improving productivity. Further research prospects involve a deeper exploration of integrating modern technologies, such as automation and digitalization, into management processes in machine-building enterprises. This will reduce costs, improve efficiency, and simplify management processes. Additionally, an important direction is the study of innovations’ impact on enterprises’ financial performance and the development of practical recommendations for their adaptation to the changing market environment.

Keywords: innovative technologies, mechanical engineering, competitiveness, optimization, production processes.
Zjawisko hartowania i rozhartowania roślin w kontekście zmian klimatu
Authors: Stachurska Julia , Janeczko Anna
Published: February 2025

Climate change leads to an increase in global temperatures and more frequent appearance of periods characterized by increased temperature in autumn and winter. Winter plants, including important crops whose growing season is at this time, are particularly exposed to the adverse effects of increased temperatures, which may disturb the natural process of hardening to low temperatures. This phenomenon is called dehardening and most often causes the reversal of physiological and biochemical changes induced by cold hardening. The aim of this work is (1) to describe the problem of the influence of dehardening on the frost tolerance of winter crops, (2) to analyze the physiological and biochemical changes occurring in cells during cold hardening and dehardening process, (3) to briefly discuss non-invasive methods enabling the assessment of the dehardening state of crops for the purposes of agricultural practice.
Psychedelics – what they are, how they work and what th
Authors: Gołembiowska Krystyna
Published: February 2025

Editorial
Zrytualizowane powitania pawianów, czyli próba zrozumienia ewolucji ludzkiej kultury
Authors: Górniak Natalia , Arlet Małgorzata
Published: February 2025

Rituals are enigmatic and widespread forms of group bonding in human culture. Their animal precursors are ritualized greetings – affiliative and attention-getting behavioral exchanges. The purpose of this study was to distinguish and describe the forms and functions of greetings in baboons. Baboons provide a good model for the evolution of rituals, due to occupying a habitat similar to early humans, living in numerous groups, and having a rich repertoire of social behaviors. Investigation of greeting functions for both the individual and group allows us to understand the origin of human rituals and language. For this reason, the origin of language from two perspectives, vocalizations and gestures, was also discussed in this work. Further research should focus on changes in primate behavior – their adaptive response to changes in environmental conditions – and how these changes vary between wild and captive populations.
Ząbkowane brzegi liści: Hipotezy, mechanizmy i zależności klimatyczne
Authors: Iszkuło Grzegorz
Published: February 2025

Leaves are crucial organs for plants, and their morphology is highly diverse. This article discusses various hypotheses concerning the serration of leaf margins, including the insect deterrence hypothesis, root pressure hypothesis, bud packing hypothesis, support-supply hypothesis, and early season gas-exchange hypothesis. Each of these hypotheses provides potential explanations for the presence of serrations on leaf margins under different environmental conditions. The early season gas-exchange hypothesis is the most substantiated, explaining serrations as a mechanism to enhance photosynthesis during the early stages of plant growth. The article also highlights the importance of leaf morphology analyses in paleobiology and their limitations, especially in cooler climate.
Extreme Star of Phenylenes for the Merrifield-Simmons Index
Authors: Ita Guillermo De , Bello López Pedro , López Cristina , Aguilar Edgar
Published: February 2025

We identify extremal graphs concerning the number of independent sets for polyphenylene dendrimers. Specifically, we demonstrate that for a certain number of phenylenes, for example to k phenylenes, the compound formed as a star  with a phenylene core achieves the maximum Merrifield-Simmons (M-S) index for a 1-connected component with an equal number of phenylenes. However, by relaxing the constraint of dendrimers to allow vertices with degrees greater than 3, it becomes possible to obtain topologies for compounds with a higher M-S index value. In this scenario, the starting point where every cut-edge is incident to the same vertex of the phenylene core emerges as the extremal topology concerning the M-S index for a 1-connected component with k phenylenes. These insights could facilitate the development of advanced molecular designs and contribute to enhanced performance in applications such as boiling points, drug delivery, molecular electronics and other nanotechnological innovations.
Leadership-Artificial Intelligence Interaction for Sustainable Mega Events: Rethinking the Current and Future Research and Practices
Authors: Megheirkouni Majd , Baxter Katherine , Ni Arnt , Jing Yanguo
Published: February 2025

Mega events have witnessed significant developments in terms of content, methods, system, policy, and funding alongside technology development. This study aims to propose a conceptual framework that brings clarity to the role of leadership-artificial intelligence (AI) interaction by reviewing and synthesising the current literature on leadership and AI technologies. We propose a new definition of leadership-AI interaction in mega events settings and suggest a model using particular questions of what leadership-AI interaction does, what it needs, why we use leadership-AI interaction, how we use it, what influences its use, and what benefits can be achieved from its use. We attempt to answer these inquiries by reviewing previous research on the following variables: functions, perceived needs, reasons, methods, influencing factors, and outcomes.
Handbuch MiCAR
Authors: Aubrunner Fabian , Bartylla Benedikt , Bauer Florian , Baytemür Köksal Deniz , Becker Leona , Bosold Gregor , Caramanica Luca , Conreder Christian , Deika Tobias , Denga Michael , Dieckmann Andreas , Dilek Derwis , Dubovitskaya Elena , Frobel Niklas , Heine Jannik , Huang Tingting , Kalbitzer Timo , Kerkemeyer Andreas , Lehmann Matthias , Liebert Melanie , Linardatos Dimitrios , Meier Johannes , Ostrovski Daniel , Pohl Pascal , Poser Till , Raschner Patrick , Rosenstiel Anja , Ross Lisa Marie , Schedler Gerhard Andreas , Schinerl Fabian , Schlatter Ricardo , Terlau Matthias , Vormwald Hendrik
Published: February 2025

Mit der Markets in crypto assets regulation (MiCAR) reguliert der europäische Gesetzgeber als eine der ersten Legislaturen künftig umfassend Dienstleistungen mit Kryptowerten bzw. Kryptotoken. Eine system- und themenorientierte Gesamtsicht auf die wegweisende neue Verordnung bietet Ihnen jetzt dieses Handbuch, das neben grundlegenden Zielen und Begriffsbestimmungen die wichtigsten Anwendungsfragen der MiCAR leicht verständlich zusammenstellt: zentrale Regelungsbereiche, aufsichtsrechtliche Anforderungen und behördliche Sanktionsbefugnisse, Auswirkungen der Kryptoregulierung in angrenzenden Rechtsbereichen und grenzüberschreitende Perspektiven.
A rendészet-specifikus stresszorok, és a stressz vizuális érzékelésre, észlelésre gyakorolt hatásainak jelentősége rendészetben
Authors: Balla József , Erdős Ákos
Published: February 2025

A stressz mindennapi életünk részét képezi, amelyet változatos tényezők (stresszorok) idéznek elő. A stressz vizsgálata kiemelt jelentőségű, hiszen a stressz mind a fizikai mind pedig pszichés egészségünkre hat. Azok, akik nagyobb stressznek vannak kitéve, magasabb egészségügyi kockázattal is szembe kell nézniük. A stressz biológiai jelenség, azonban épp úgy nem függetleníthető a társadalmi szerepeinktől, mint genetikai, biológiai meghatározottságunktól. Ezért meghatározó szerepe van annak is, hogy az egyént milyen munkahelyi környezet veszi körül, és milyen foglalkozást űz. A rendészet, a stressz szempontjából egy különleges foglalkozásnak számít. A rendészeti feladatok, eszközök és kötelezettségek egy sor sajátos kihívást, megterhelő élethelyzetet, úgynevezett rendészet-specifikus (rendészeti) stresszort terhel a rendészeti szakemberekre. Módszer: A szerzők szakirodalmi áttekintés módszertanával, narratív módon vizsgálják a rendészet, a stressz és a vizuális észlelés összefüggéseit a korábbi kutatási eredmények felhasználásával. Eredmények: Jelen áttekintő tanulmányban a szerzők definiálják a rendészet-specifikus stresszor fogalmát, valamint azt vizsgálják, hogy a stressz milyen hatást gyakorol a vizuális észlelésre. A rendészet-specifikus (rendészeti) stresszorok olyan, kizárólag vagy nagyrészt a rendészeti feladatellátás során, akut vagy krónikus formában előforduló, az egyén által negatívan értékelt kihívások, amelyek részben befolyásolhatatlanok és bejósolhatatlanok– részint a jogi kötelezések, részint a fizikai, természeti környezet miatt nem lehet előlük elmenekülni – és stresszt eredményeznek. Az eddigi kutatási eredmények azt jelzik, hogy a stresszfolyamatban végbemenő élettani változások hatást gyakorolhatnak a vizuális ingerekből származó információk felfogására és feldolgozására is. Ezeknek az eredményeknek pedig jelentősége van a rendészettudományi kutatásokban is. Fontos annak a vizsgálata, hogy a rendészet-specifikus stresszorok az intézkedések végrehajtását megelőző értékelési folyamat, azaz a preaktív szakasz melyik stádiumára (szenzáció, percepció, absztrakció, szubszumció) hatnak elsősorban.
Globális minimumadó : kísérlet a digitális gazdaság és a multinacionális nagyvállalatok igazságosabb adóztatására
Authors: Pajor Andrea
Published: February 2025

A digitális szolgáltatások megjelenése, gyors bővülése és világméretűvé válása jelentősen átformálta a világ gazdaságát. A világ számos országában digitális szolgáltatást nyújtó multinacionális vállalatok térnyerése az adóztatás szempontjából is új kihívást hozott létre. A jelenlegi adószabályok szerint a fizikai jelenlét teremt jogalapot az egyes országok adóztatási jogkörének gyakorlására, a digitális szolgáltatásokhoz azonban nincs szükség fizikai jelenlétre. Ezt a tényt kihasználva a globális digitális szolgáltatók a nyereségük után nem ott adóznak, ahol a nyereséget megtermelik, hanem ott, ahol az adózási feltételek számukra a legkedvezőbbek. Ebből következően sokkal kisebb mértékben járulnak hozzá a közteherviseléshez, mint a gazdaság egyéb szereplői (Teski & Pulay, 2021). E helyzet orvoslására az OECD, valamint az Európai Unió évek óta keresi a megoldást, amely úgy tűnik, megszületett a globális minimumadó bevezetésével. A tanulmány felvázolja a nemzetközi adójogi kereteket, valamint az EU tagállamok szintjén megvalósítható beavatkozás lehetőségét megteremtő európai uniós irányelv magyar jogrendbe történő átültetésének jellemzőit.
Application of Bacteriocins in Practice, Including Microcins: the Present and the Future
Authors: Teimurazov M. G. , Kovalenko I. M. , Khokhlova O. E.
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, bacteriocins have been actively studied as antimicrobial compounds. Bacteriocins have been primarily used to preserve food, but they are currently of increasing interest as potential clinical antimicrobial agents and possible immunomodulatory agents. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been declared a global public health threat. Bacteriocins represent a potential solution to this worldwide threat due to their broad- or narrow-spectrum activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In particular, despite their role as natural alternatives to chemical preservation in ensuring food safety, nisin remains the only bacteriocin approved by regulatory authorities for food preservation. The article highlights data on the safety of bacteriocins and their possible toxicity, which may become a barrier to their wider use in medicine and industry. The article describes the latest trends in the development of bacteriocin-based drugs, their effectiveness, spectrum of antimicrobial activity, and mechanisms of action on microorganisms.
Modern Methods of Identification of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Genatullina G. N. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Samotrueva M. A.
Published: February 2025

Recently, an active increase in the incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis has been registered, which is determined not only by the improvement of methods for detecting non-tuberculous mycobacteria, but also by a fairly high level of awareness of medical personnel. The choice of the most accurate identification method is extremely important in determining the treatment tactics, since mycobacteria with different growth rates have pronounced differences in resistance to antimicrobial drugs. The emergence of molecular genetic research methods makes it possible to identify and type most of the currently known non-tuberculous mycobacteria, as well as determine their drug sensitivity. The prevalence of mycobacteriosis, which today represents a serious problem for both clinicians and laboratory specialists, requires the development of a new strategy for its microbiological diagnostics.
Methods for assessing the effectiveness of treatment using klotho protein and fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients with renal dysfunction
Authors:   PhD, Department of Internal Medicine in Family Medicine No. 2, Tashkent Medical Academy, Farabi street 2, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Gadaeva Nilufar
Published: February 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that disrupts mineral metabolism, leading to complications such as vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease, and impaired phosphate regulation. Klotho protein and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are essential biomarkers involved in these processes, making them valuable indicators for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review explores various methodologies for evaluating treatment outcomes in CKD patients, including biochemical assays, molecular analyses, imaging techniques, and functional assessments. The integration of these approaches enhances our ability to monitor disease progression and optimize patient management strategies.
The development of the role of the methodological service in developing the professional competence of educators
Authors:   Assistant Teacher, NMPI. Department of Distance Learning in Humanities and Social Sciences, Uzbekistan, Saparbaeva G.A.
Published: February 2025

This thesis discusses the role of methodological activity and self-development in developing the professional competence of preschool educators, as well as how it meets the requirements for educators.
Mekanisme Pengusulan dan Penetapan Propemperda dalam Pelaksanaan Keputusan DPRD Nomor 14 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penetapan Program Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sambas Tahun 2021
Authors: Nadia
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme pengusulan dan penetapan propemperda di tingkat legislatif maupun eksekutif dalam pelaksanaan Keputusan DPRD Nomor 14 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penetapan Program Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sambas Tahun 2021.Fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini bagaimana mekanisme pengusulan dan penetapan Propemperda di tingkat Legislatif maupun Eksekutif dalam pelaksanaan Keputusan DPRD Nomor 14 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penetapan Program Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sambas Tahun 2021.Jenis penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif  adalah penelitian yang melakukan pengamatan tentang fenomena dalam suatu keadaan ilmiah untuk menelaah penelitian. Penggunaan penelitian kualitatif bertujuan untuk menjalankan fenomena melalui pengumpulan data sedalam-dalamnya. Pendekatan empiris merupakan pendekatan dalam meneliti hukum sebagai obyek penelitiannya tidak hanya dipandang sebagai disiplin yang preskriptif dan terapan belaka, tetapi juga empirical atau kenyataan hukum. Untuk memperoleh data, menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian Mekanisme pengajuan Propemperda oleh Bupati yaitu dimana Bupati menugaskan pimpinan perangkat daerah dalam penyusunan propemperda si lingkungan Pemerintah. Penyusunan propemperda dikoordinasikan oleh Bagian Hukum, dan dapat mengikutsertakan instansi vertikal terkait.Hasil penyusunan Propemperda diajukan oleh Bagian Hukum kepada Bupati melalui Sekretaris Daerah. Selanjutnya Bupati menyampaikan hasil penyusunan Propemperda di lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten kepada Bapemperda melalui Pimpinan DPRD Kabupaten.
Optimizing Second Language Acquisition: A Focus on Influential Factors and Techniques
Authors: Naser Nahida Abdo
Published: February 2025

The process through which individuals learn a language other than their mother tongue, usually after mastering their first language, is known as second language acquisition, or SLA. In this context, the second language refers to English, and this paper examines the factors influencing its acquisition. Reviews and research on SLA have been considered for a comprehensive study. The use of various tools and technologies for second language learning is highlighted, and their relationships are clearly established in this paper. Previous studies and controversies are explored to deepen the understanding of the concept. The factors influencing English language learning are broadly defined and reviewed in depth, providing insights into real-world applications. This paper also examines different languages to identify the factors involved in learning English. Various authors’ perspectives and viewpoints are analyzed to draw specific conclusions. A secondary research methodology is employed, utilizing reviews and observations from multiple authors. The results and discussion are based on this approach, leading to a well-rounded conclusion. The study also highlights the significance of social and cultural factors in SLA, emphasizing how learners’ settings affect their proficiency. Issues including exposure, age, and motivation are examined critically, with an emphasis on using creative teaching techniques to get past these obstacles. Future study directions are also suggested in order to fill in the gaps in the body of literature and promote more successful English learning frameworks around the world.
Correlación radio-histopatológica en pacientes con nódulos sospechosos de cáncer mamario en clínica imagenológica, periodo 2021-2023
Authors: Suárez Díaz Héctor , De Rivera Hermosillo Ángel Niño , Aguilar Camelo Jorge Armín , González Romo Marco Aurelio , Leue Luna Maria Magdalena
Published: February 2025

El cáncer de mama es una problemática internacional, los métodos diagnósticos por imagen son de utilidad para el diagnóstico oportuno, pero deben ser evaluados en relación con su certeza de diagnóstico definitivo a nivel celular. Evaluar la correlación entre la clasificación imagenológica por la escala de BIRADS y el resultado histopatológico en pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de mama atendidas en el Centro de Imagenología de Especialidades Médicas (CIEM) durante el periodo 2021-2023. Diseño de tipo observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. La población de estudio estuvo integrada por mujeres referidas por sospecha diagnóstica de cáncer de mama entre los años 2021 y 2023. La muestra y el muestreo fueron no probabilísticos. La información recolectada se capturo y codifico en el software de Microsoft Excel, mientras que para el análisis y representación gráfica en el Software SPSS Statistics en la versión 26. En análisis estadístico consistió en estadísticas descriptivas para caracterizar a la población y la prueba de Chi-Cuadrada para diferencias de proporciones. El estudio estuvo conformado 238 pacientes, con una edad media de 53 ±13 años, con afectación mamaria derecha (53.78%) y reporte BIRADS de 4a (37%) y 5 (38.2%). La sensibilidad y especificidad de los métodos de imagen fue de 86% y 83%, respectivamente. El presente estudio corrobora la certeza diagnóstica del médico especialista en imagelogía diagnóstica mediante la aplicación de técnicas no invasivas y el reporte final de histopatología, lo cual favorece a la mejora continua de los servicios de salud y ayuda en establecimiento de metas e indicadores.
Impacto de la gamificación en el aprendizaje de ortografía para tercero de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Mejía D7
Authors: Maila Toapanta Karen Michelle , Iza Cofre Lorena Soledad , Nogales Toapanta Diana Lizeth , Acosta Santillán Jenniffer Karem
Published: February 2025

La gamificación en el ámbito educativo fomenta la participación de los estudiantes al integrar juegos y conocimientos, en Ecuador los estudiantes de bachillerato muestran deficiencias en el aprendizaje de la ortografía. El objetivo es aplicar la gamificación con las herramientas digitales: Genially, Quizlet, Edpuzzle, Neardpod, Kahoot, Wakelet, Padlet y Realidad Aumentada para fortalecer el aprendizaje de las reglas ortográficas en los estudiantes del tercer año de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Mejía D7 en el periodo académico 2024 – 2025. Se empleó un enfoque mixto que combina métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para una comprensión integral del fenómeno estudiado. La fase cuantitativa incluyó un diseño cuasiexperimental con pretest y postest aplicados a la muestra de 40 estudiantes, mientras que la fase cualitativa consistió en entrevistas a docentes y observaciones, la intervención se desarrolló en siete sesiones académicas. Los resultados demostraron una mejora significativa en los conocimientos ortográficos de los estudiantes, evidenciada por el incremento del puntaje promedio entre el pretest y el postest, de la misma manera, los datos cualitativos destacan un alto nivel de motivación y participación. Se concluye que la gamificación es una estrategia efectiva para fortalecer el aprendizaje, al tiempo que fomenta un ambiente educativo dinámico e interactivo.