bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Facultative Contact Reactor-Biological Contact Oxidation and Ozone Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Cui Jia Qi , Wang Xiao Jun , Lin Xu Long
Published: September 2013

The performance of a pilot scale combined process of facultative contact reactor-biological contact oxidation and ozone biological aerated filter (FCR-BCO-O3-BAF) treating real textile wastewater was investigated in this study. During the operating period, the average influent and effluent COD concentrations were 737.0mg/L and 15.6mg/L, the influent and effluent color were 750 times and 10 times, with the total HRT being 43.3h. The average COD and color removal efficiency were 97.9% and 98.7%, respectively. And the effluent COD and color satisfied the discharge standards (grade-1) of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry (China). In the operating conditions, HRT of O3-BAF was decreased, leading to an increase of the effluent COD concentration. In addition, under the facultative circumstance by micro aeration in the FCR, where the dissolved oxygen (DO) was maintained in the range of 0.1-0.3mg/L, the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was inhibited. This study is a significant attempt to apply the combined process of FCR-BCO-O3-BAF to textile wastewater treatment.
Design and Running for a Hospital Wastewater Treatment Project
Authors: Yu Jun Li , Li Qi , Yan Shuang Chun
Published: September 2013

A combination process of biological contact oxidation, membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sodium hypochlorite disinfectant was utilized to treat hospital wastewater. The amount of wastewater is about 200 m3/d. As a result, COD and NH3-N of treated water are less than 50 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively. Total coliform and fecal coliform were not detected in the treated water. The main indexes could meet the requirement of Chinese Discharge Standard of Water Pollution for Medical Organization. With reasonable design and low cost of investment and running the hybrid process may be a good guide and reference for similar projects.
Health Risk Assessment of Disinfection By-Products in the Water Distribution Network in a Southern City of Jiangsu
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhang Feng E. , Xu Jian , Chen Chun Fang
Published: September 2013

The cancer risk assessment model recommended US EPA was used to access the carcinogenicity of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water distribution network in a Southern City of Jiangsu. The trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) with carcinogenic risk was considered to be the research focus on the cancer risk assessment. The carcinogenic risk along the pipeline was explored through monitoring the changes of the THMs and HAAs .The results showed as follows: the disinfection by-products increased along the pipe network and cancer risk increased too. The maximum cancer risk within the area of water supply pipe network was calculated. The RTmax was 4.72×10-5, which was between5.10-5 and 10-6. So the carcinogenic risk could be accepted and some measures could be considered to be taken to reduce the carcinogenic risk.
Comparative Research on Treating Vehicle-Washing Wastewater with Two and Three-Dimensional Electrode Method
Authors: Guan He Lan
Published: September 2013

Treatment of two-dimensional and three-dimensional electrode method was researched and compared respectively using aluminum electrodes. The influences of voltage, electrolysis time, pH and electrode distance on the result were also discussed. It was found that the degradation rate of wastewater with three-dimensional electrode method was much better than two-dimensional method. For the treatment of vehicle-washing wastewater, the best of voltage was 20V, the electrolysis time was 30 min, and the electrode distance was 2cm.
Study on OC and EC Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Harbin
Authors: Huang Li Kun
Published: September 2013

In order to investigate the carbon components of atmospheric particles, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were collected and analyzed in July 2008 to June 2010. The results shows that the OC variation of three particles presents of the lower concentration in the middle and the higher on both sides with the highest point in January which is 5 to 7 times of July. The monthly change of concentration was very obvious in PM2.5 and OC was mainly from fuel combustion. The monthly variation of EC is not very clear in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 with the range of 3.06 ± 1.23 μg/m3, 2.44 ± 1.18 μg/m3, 1.55 ± 0.50 μg/m3. EC mainly came from the direct emissions of combustion sources. The concentration of EC was stable in the year. OC / EC is more than 2 in major months, which indicates that secondary chemical reaction has occurred and it is strongest in January and December.
Study on Chemical Pre-Oxidation Enhanced Coagulation for Micro-Polluted Raw Water Treatment
Authors: Zhao He , Wang Liang , Zhang Zhao Hui , Zhao Bin , Zhang Hong Wei , Zhang He , Ma Rui
Published: September 2013

The present paper studied the enhanced effects of O3 and KMnO4 as chemical oxidants on traditional coagulation for micro-polluted raw water treatment. Results showed that pre-oxidation using either ozone or KMnO4 could effectively improve the removal of turbidity and organic matters by coagulation. Compared with mere coagulation by polyaluminium chloride (PAC), pre-oxidation using 2 mg/l O3 for 20 minutes could increase the removal rates of both turbidity and total organic carbon by 5.33% and 5.06%. However, the effectiveness of pre-oxidation using KMnO4 was not as significant as that using O3. Besides the direct mineralization of small organic molecules into CO2 and H2O, O3 and KMnO4 could also destroy complex macromolecules in raw water. Therefore, the SUVA value of the effluent decreased markedly after the pre-oxidation and the subsequent coagulation. Based on these results, the process of chemical pre-oxidation enhance coagulation were expected to reduce the disinfection by-products formation potential.
Ballasted Flocculation of Micro-Sand/Magnetic Powder for Landscape Water Treatment
Authors: Su Zhao Yang , Li Xing , Yang Yan Ling , Zhou Zhi Wei , Wu Yan
Published: September 2013

In current paper, ballasted flocculation as a simulated Actiflo and Sirofloc process with coagulant, micro-sand (MS)/magnetic powder (MP) and PAM was optimized using single-factor and orthogonal experimental method for eutrophic landscape water treatment. A flocculation index instrument was also used to indicate the flocs property. It was determined that the optimum removal rate of turbidity, UV254, CODMnand total phosphorus, with 96.11%, 34.63%, 57.88% and 55.32%, respectively were achieved under MP ballasted flocculation with PAM added 2 minutes after initial mixing. Additionally, MS/MP ballasted flocculation with or without PAM could not significantly increase the velocity of flocs formation, but the flocs size could be increased observably by MP ballasted flocculation regardless of PAM.
High Efficiency Aluminum Coagulant Recovery from Drinking Water Treatment Plant Sludge by Using Ultrasound Assisted Acidification
Authors: Yang Lan , Han Yi Xuan , Wang Dong Tian
Published: September 2013

In this study, a novel combination of ultrasound with acid for coagulant recovery from drinking water treatment plant sludge (DWTPS) is investigated in view of improving the coagulant recovery efficiencies. Optimal recovery conditions, a sulfuric acid concentration of 2.0 M, an ultrasonic treatment time of 30 minutes, an ultrasound power of 1000 W and stirring speed of 1000 rpm, have been found in the lab test. The aluminum recovery rates from acidification process with assistance of ultrasound increased by approximately 20% compared with that of acidification only. It was found that the synergistic effects between acid with ultrasound contribute to improving the treatment efficiency.
Chemical Reduction of Nitrate in Aqueous Solution by Iron Powder
Authors: Zhou Hong Yi , Liang Si , Zeng Si Si , Lei Shuang Jian
Published: September 2013

Nitrate is a common groundwater contaminant and poses health and environmental threats. Reductive denitrification of nitrate by zero-valent iron was investigated in unbuffered solutions at 20 °C. Nitrate was effectively removed at low initial solution pH. The reaction was accompanied by the production and then disappearance of a small quantity of nitrite, suggesting that nitrite was the intermediate and subsequently further reduced. A rapid rise in solution pH was also observed during the reaction. At the initial pH of 4, a reduction of 90% in nitrate concentration from 60 to 7.0 mg/L at 60 min was observed. The extent of nitrate removal decreased with increasing solution pH within the tested range of 3 - 6, suggesting that the reaction was an acid-driven process. The extent of nitrate removal also increased with Fe dosage over the range of 5 - 20 g/L, as higher Fe dosages provided more reactive surfaces. It is proposed that protons participate in the nitrate reduction by Fe0 via an initial reduction of protons to reduced hydrogen species followed by a subsequent reaction with nitrate. The hydrolysis of Fe corrosion products (e.g., ferrous ions) produces protons, in particular, near the surfaces of Fe, which drives the reaction to continue.
Preparation of Photocatalyst of Nano-TiO2 Coating on SiO2 Carrier and its Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Liu You Liang , Cao Chang Chun , Chen Jie
Published: September 2013

The photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 can be significantly improved by loading TiO2 on adsorption carriersSiO2 gel beads. The novel photocatalytic reagents can adsorb organic matters around the semiconductor particles, enhance the local concentration, prevent the intermediates from volatilizing and drifting away, and accelerate the reaction. The supporters depended on the micro-cystic cavity made of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium silicate, aggregation spherical SiO2 colloidal particles taking sodium silicate as matrix, prepares TiO2/SiO2 catalyst by absorbing anatase TiO2 on the surface of hydroxide silicon. Characterization of the catalyst by SEM and XRD, and the photocatalytic activity through the degradation rate of humic acid are investigated. The experiments demonstrated that: the molar ratio of sodium silicate to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is 3/5 and the molar ratio of TiO2 to SiO2 is 1/8, the particle size of prepared catalyst is 0.5-30μm, and the TiO2/SiO2 catalyst showed ideal performance of adsorption and photocatalytic activity.
Research on the Model of Road Traffic Safety Evaluation Based on Synergetics Theory
Authors: Chen Fei , Chen Song Ling , Cheng Ying Ying
Published: September 2013

In order to evaluate the level of roads safety, this paper proposes a model of traffic accidents which is derived from theories of synergetics. In this study, a great deal of field survey date is obtained via a set of physiological and psychological detection devices. By analyzing data combined with driving comfort threshold, a model of traffic accidents is founded according to different effects, caused by traffic factors.
Port Service Efficiency Model Based on Optimization of Supply Chain Logistics System
Authors: Meng Ning , Wang Jun , Shen Li Xin , Li Shi Jin , Li Xiao Lin
Published: September 2013

To provide a high efficiency, high benefit, integrated logistics service for shippers, based on the thought of supply chain management, used the open and closed queuing network model of the maritime queuing network to calculate the optimal port services efficiency. The achievement in research of the thesis is of great theoretical significance to planning and resource allocation of port, and selected ports by the ship and cargo owners.
The Brake Guards against Holds the Dead (ABS) Teaching Laboratory Bench the Development
Authors: Zhong Bao Hua
Published: September 2013

This article studied one kind of automobile brake to guard against holds the dead examination test platform structure, the control design plan, and guarded against to the brake holds the dead system structure principle teaching to carry on the thorough discussion.This system wheel uses the hydraulic pressure actuation, through the adjustment hydraulic pressure parameter may in the simulation different vehicle speed, the different coefficient of adhesion road surface the automobile apply the brake well when ABS system working condition; Through the animation broadcast system, the brake hydraulic pressure test system and designs and so on vehicle speed examination system, can real, the comprehensive development ABS system work process; The breakdown establishment and the elimination system use in to the brake guard against hold the dead system to carry on the breakdown diagnosis and the elimination simulation training.This laboratory bench main innovation spot is the wheel uses the hydraulic pressure actuation; Uses the brake pressure parameter control animation broadcast; Uses the computer to carry on the breakdown establishment.
A Methodology of Side Impact Sled Test in MADYMO
Authors: Ma Zhi Xiong , Dong Li Ping , Zhu Xi Chan
Published: September 2013

This paper put forward a new methodology of side impact sled test that separated an indoor panel into several parts and parameterized every parts speed curve getting from full scale side MDB impact test and reconstructed every parts motion using parametric speed curve in MADYMO. The advantage of this methodology is that the model validation is simplified and all side dummys injury values according to side impact sled test are very coincident with that according to full scale side MDB impact test.
Design of the Motorcycle Engine Fuel Supplying System Based on the Ultrasonic Atomization
Authors: Zhang Ming Rong , Fan Zhang Wei , Liu Yong , Liang Ming Hui , Wen Xiao Wei
Published: September 2013

A set of fuel supply system, in place of the carburetor, based on ultrasonic atomization is designed. The fuel for the new system which is atomized into micron grade fog grain with ultrasonic system, increases the fuel and air mixing contact area, make the fuel mix more uniform. The experimental results shows that the HC and CO conce-ntration in tail gas of new system has significantly lower,and CO2 is increased, which demonstrates the fuel burning more fully, achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. The cost is quite to carburetor type.
Sediment Transport and its Effect on Navigation in Long Tailrace of Hydropower Station
Authors: Feng Xiao Xiang , Li Jian Bing , Zhang Li
Published: September 2013

Using long tailrace channel to navigate is a complex development way which has a common channel for navigation and tailrace. It is gradually tried to use in the Angu hydropower station and Shawan hydropower station of the Dahu River. So the flow and sediment movements are the key and decisive factors for navigation safety. Some achievements have been obtained about the influence of unsteady flow to navigation in tailrace channel. But it is very few to study that of sediment movement. Use the Angu hydropower station as an example, sediment movement is studied in long tailrace channel. Firstly, sediment sources are analyzed by measured data. Secondly, a two-dimensional sediment model and the experience formula are also used to simulate the transport of sediments. The transports of suspended load and bed load are studied with different operation of the hydropower station. Finally, with the typical series of 20 years, which includes high flow year, mean flow year and low flow year, riverbed deformation is predicted in the mooring area, the tailrace channel and its outlet. And the effect on navigation is analyzed. The results show that sediment sources are dominated by the local sediment. The deposition in the tailrace channel is not large and has little influence to navigation safety. A small amount of dredging can meet the needs of maintenance. The research results are helpful to the design and operation of long tailrace channel.
Diversion Scheme for Yuliang Hydro-Junction Project of Youjiang River in Construction Period
Authors: Li Jun Tao , Wang Xi
Published: September 2013

Determination of construction diversion scheme is the most important part in the hydro-junction engineering design of inland waterway, which will influence the general layout, construction time and total cost. Based on the method of combining remote-controlled self-propelled ship model test with physical model test, the velocity and flow pattern of diversion channel in the first construction period, navigation flow condition of temporary channel, the velocity and flow pattern of release sluice and the navigation flow condition during the second construction period were analyzed in this paper. The problems in the construction diversion scheme were studied, and the improve measures which could meet the requirement for navigation and diversion were proposed.
Numerical Simulation for Pile Group in Water Flume of 2-D Tidal Flow
Authors: Wang Jiang Nan , Tang Shi Fang , Ma Chun
Published: September 2013

In order to study the influence on pile foundation in the numerical Simulation of 2-D tidal flow, the governing equations for numerical model of 2-D tidal flow with pile foundation have been induced, and the numerical water flume of 2-D tidal flow for pile foundation has been built. And then, with an adjusted friction coefficient and an additional roughness coefficient of the pile foundation from some physical model tests, the tidal flow field has been simulated, which was about a piled wharf of the first phase project in Yangshan deep-water Port. It indicated that the results from this numerical simulation were very close to some from water flume tests in laboratory. So some applied foundation and operational methods about the two tidal flow simulation technologies for some pile foundation have been provided.
Study on the Deep Foundation Effect on the Adjacent Underground Structures during a Metro Station Construction
Authors: Wu Ke
Published: September 2013

t constitutes a common problem that deep foundation exerts negative influences on adjacent underground structures. The Chegongmiao subway station is adjacent to the first subway of Shenzhen and Fengshengding shopping street, which is on the planning construction of Shenzhen 11th subway. Based on the finite element method, the paper is investigated to efficiently simulate the effect of the deep foundation on the adjacent underground structures. The engineering measures to reduce the influence of construction are supported for determine the construction plan.
Modeling of a Compressor's Performance Map by Fitting Function Methodology
Authors: Tu Huan , Chen Hui
Published: September 2013

To build a precise compressor model is a critical issue in the modeling and simulation of a turbocharged diesel engine. This paper proposes an exponential function for compressor flow model and a polynomial function for efficiency model. A case study of a compressor map for TCA88 turbocharger is implemented to verify the proposed model. Fitting results show that the compressor model performs in accordance with the manufacture compressor map. The compressor model can be applied to mean value models of turbocharged engines for non-linear control and state estimation.
Utilization of the By-Products for Simultaneous Purification of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide in Bio-Trickling Process
Authors: Zhou Wen Bo , Zou Ping , Sun Pei Shi , Bi Xiao Yi , Mao Yong Yang , Zheng Xiao Yun
Published: September 2013

The potential of using the waste from simultaneous NOx and SO2 purification bio-trickling process to leach copper ore and to make fertilizer was investigated. It was found there were two main exhausted by-products in the purification process: the acidic liquid in desulfurization tower and the alkalescent liquid in denitrogenation tower. Through operation of leaching the oxide ore sample containing 2.58% copper by the acidic liquid, the effective grade of the metal to be extracted reached 28.37% by weight. With adding proportional dose of ammonia into the alkalescent liquid or the acidic liquid and going through evaporation and concentration, crystal products of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate were generated, which can be used in fertilizer manufacturing.
Baseline Values for Heavy Metals in Soils on Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island, Arctic: The Extent of Anthropogenic Pollution
Authors: Hao Zhi Ling , Wang Feng , Yang Hai Zhen
Published: September 2013

Heavy metal contents (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) have been measured in 40 surface soils on Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island, Arctic, which were in concentrations (in milligrams kilogram1) of 13.3-127 (Cr), 1.72-38.8 (Ni), 7.84-47.3 (Cu), 26.5-123 (Zn), 2.17-9.22 (As), 0-2.4 (Cd), 0.21-0.38 (Hg), 0-129 (Pb). Relative cumulative sums analysis and relative cumulative frequency analysis were used to determine the baseline values for the 8 metals, yielding values of Cr (24.7 mg/kg), Ni (6.24 mg/kg) , Cu (11.5 mg/kg) , Zn (77.3 mg/kg) , As (2.60 mg/kg) , Hg (0.27 mg/kg) , Pb (4.38mg/kg). Geo-accumulation index method was applied in order to determine the extent of anthropogenic contamination. Principal component analysis was put into use aiming to identify the sources of these heavy metals. The results showed that Pb, Cr, Cd and Hg have been significantly elevated in concentration by human activities.
The Effect of Relative Humidity on Physiological Equivalent Temperature in Hot Environment
Authors: Yu Yong Jiang , Tan Jian Guo , Wang Hong , Lin Chang Cheng
Published: September 2013

The important meteorological parameter affecting the human energy balance in heat strain condition is the relative humidity. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of relative humidity on human heat comfort. In this paper, the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) calculating program was corrected. The relationship between PET and relative humiditythermal state of human body on a typical hot day was analyzed. The results show that: Sweating is the most effective thermoregulatory process when the body is in a condition of heat strain; High water vapor pressure can restrain sweat evaporation and effect human heat balance in hot environment; The PET value increases rapidly as relative humidity over "threshold value" in hot environment, and the "threshold value" is different in various heat stain condition; The PET calculated by modified program agrees well with heat thermal sensation of people in hot-humidity environment.
Sustainable Utilization of Regional Water Resource in Yin Chuan City Based on Fuzzy Matter-Element Model
Authors: Tang Lian , Zhang Wei Bing
Published: September 2013

In order to evaluate regional water resources sustainable utilization, Twenty-six indexes evaluating system is established. On the basis of the fuzzy matter-element analysis and combined with the concept of Euclid approach degree. Through calculating entropy and euclid approach degree between the fuzzy matter-element and the standard (the best) fuzzy matter-element, it can achieves to development and utilization phase of regional water resources and its optimum order in Yinchuan city.
Investigation of the Roadside Forest Based on "Carbon Neutral"
Authors: Zhu Xing Long , Zhao Chen
Published: September 2013

The paper discusses the importance of increasing the carbon sink function of the highway system in maintaining carbon cycle balance of the Earth and "Carbon neutral" concept is used in highway roadside design. The carbon emission and carbon sequestration capacity of forest on both sides of the highway system are also calculated. The results show that most of the road green design has not yet reached a self-balancing capability of neutral carbon sink, and the establishment of the carbon sink forest from 50m to 100m will realize the carbon balance of the transport system.
River Landscape Health Diagnosis - Frame and Method
Authors: Hsu Che Yu , Ou Sheng Jung
Published: September 2013

The paper applied the concepts of Landscape health from the literature review with integration in depth-interview, using the Fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy Analytic Network Process to develop the River Landscape Health Assessment Indicator System (RLHAIS). The assessment indicators system includes the indicator in 3 aspects, that is, physical and chemical environment indicators, landscape change indicators, ecological environment indicators, and 14 indexes, which were then applied to the RLHAIS to analyze the current landscape health for the Dong-shan River upstream in Yilan. The result showed that the score of Dong-shan River upstream: in 2009 was 0.70881, in 2010 was 0.66235, and in 2011 was 0.68694, implying that the healthy level nearly fell onto the "Degraded" state.
Semi-Supervised Discriminant Projection for Plant Leaf Classification
Authors: Zhang Shan Wen , Shang Yi Jun , Zhang Yun Long
Published: September 2013

Plant leaf classification is important but very difficult, because the leaf images are irregular and nonlinear. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised method, called Semi-supervised discriminant projection (SSDP) dimension reduction algorithm for leaf recognition. SSDP makes full use of both labeled and unlabeled data to construct the weight incorporating the neighborhood information of data. The labeled data points are used to maximize the separability between different classes and the unlabeled data points are used to estimate the intrinsic geometric structure of the data. The experiment results on a public plant leaf database demonstrate that SSDP is effective and feasible for plant leaf recognition.
Elman's Recurrent Neural Network Applied to Forecasting Algal Dynamic Variation in Gonghu Bay
Authors: Wang He Yi , Yang Xu Chang
Published: September 2013

This paper describes the training, validation and application of recurrent neural network (RNN) models to computing the algal dynamic variation at three sites in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu in summer. The input variables of Elmans RNN were selected by means of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Chl_a concentration as output variable. Sequentially, the conceptual models for Elmans RNN were established and the Elman models were trained and validated on daily data set. The values of Chl_a concentration computed by the models were closely related to their respective values measured at the three sites. The correlation coefficient (R2) between the predicted Chl_a concentration by the model and the observed value were 0.86-0.92. And sensitivity analysis was performed to clarify the algal dynamic variation to the change of environmental factors. The results show that the CCA can efficiently ascertain appropriate input variables for Elmans RNN, the Elmans RNN can precisely forecast the Chl_a concentration at three different sites in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu in summer and sensitivity analysis validated the algal dynamic variation to the change of environmental factors which were selected by CCA.
Measuring Biomass Energy Flows of a Rural Energy Engineering
Authors: Xie Xing Long
Published: September 2013

Energy consumption in the Chinese rural areas features massive use of low-grade energy commodities and the distempered structure of exorbitant leaning on biomass energy. This has provoked an increasingly exacerbating environment and exerted a depressing effect on agriculturally sustainable development. Pilot energy engineering practices of efficient utilization environment improvement have seen a surge on a vast extent of rural lands. As a typical engineering of energy resources for methane production, the four-dimension-inone-geometry model concerning ecological agriculture has triggered scholarly attention. The aim of this study is to deal with energy flows in this system whereby to put forward measures for its upgrading and ultimately offer policies for rural energy development and use. First, the study depicts the models structure and working process, and the methodology of estimating its energy flows. Next, taking a three member household as an example, the study estimates the quantity in its energy flows, finding that the whole system imports 1,195,102 MJ of energy and generates 35,728MJ, with 47.3% yielded by the breeding system, 32.1% by the anaerobic fermentation system, and 20.6% by the planting system. Comparatively, this model has neither achieved the artificially auxiliary energy-output ratio of 2.4:1, a criterion for high yield, nor reached the national high output standard of 38.1GJ/hm2 in inorganic energy investment and the height of 124.3 GJ/hm2 of farmland energy input in the bio-energy zones of good harvest. On this ground, this study presents countermeasures to further improve the models energy efficiency and strategies related to rural energy development. Those suggestions might apply to other rural areas.
Effects of Seepage Channel Features on Stress Sensitivity of Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Zheng De Zhuang , Kang Yi Li , Feng Wen Cheng , Chen Hong Ao , Yang Gang , He Jin Gang
Published: September 2013

Pore, fracture and vugs consist of the main reservoir space of carbonate reservoirs. Fracture is an important seepage channel. The causes, fracture geometry, filling and situation will further affect the stress sensitivity of reservoir. By means of contrast experimentation, researching the stress sensitivity of natural fracture and artificial fracture samples, with and without solids invasion fracture samples, with and without acid etched fracture samples, connected and disconnected double vugs. The results including 8 groups show that the average stress sensitivity coefficient are respectively 0.64,0.75,0.52,0.18,0.73,0.50,0.33 and 0.73, and the degree of stress sensitivity is respectively medium to strong, strong, medium to strong, weak, strong, medium to weak, weak and strong. It showed that the stress sensitivity of natural fracture stronger than artificial fracture, solids invasion and acid etch strengthen the stress sensitivity, the connection of double vugs weaken the stress sensitivity of fractured samples.
The Effect of the Fracture Surface for Stress Sensitivity in Shale Reservoir
Authors: He Jin Gang , Song Kao Ping , Yang Jing , He Song , Sun Li Yan , He Di , Zeng Xin
Published: September 2013

Due to the characteristics of the ultra-low permeability, facture system becomes the key to the deployment of shale gas, and the following stress sensitivity damage will restrict the engineering effect. The essay takes the Niutitang group of black shale as the research object, which carried out for natural fracture rock sample and artificial fracture rock sample study of stress sensitivity evaluation in order to compare differences between them. The experimental results show that the natural fracture rock sample is medium to strong stress sensitivity, while the artificial fracture rock sample is from strong to the extreme strong stress sensitivity. Natural fracture is more flattening than the artificial fracture formation because of leaching action. The processed SEM image can reflect structure information on the two-dimensional surface. Its surface structure conforms to the fractal structure characteristics. Whats more, fracture it can also reflect the three-dimensional information of the fracture surface through grey value, which provides a new imaging method for the research of surface microstructure for fracture.
Research on Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Qin Yong Jun , Liang Rui , Yibulayin Aihemaiti , Yu Jiang , Li Lei
Published: September 2013

The performance of recycled coarse aggregate has significant effects on recycled concrete. The performance of recycled coarse aggregate were tested according to Recycled coarse aggregate for concrete (GB/T 25177-2010). The Result showed that the recycled coarse aggregate grading in accordance with regulation requirements, and compared with the natural coarse aggregate: high powder content and water absorption, low needle and plate particle content, low apparent density, compression capability as low as soundness. And the property of recycled coarse aggregate after cleaning has the performance of guaranteeing the quality by using. Through the test results and consult the national regulation, the recycled coarse aggregate in Xinjiang can be preliminary division to the categories of I and II.
The Porous Medium of Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoir has an Effect on Oil Recovery
Authors: Li Xian Wen , Xu Chun Mei , Guo Fang Yuan , Wang Xing Hong
Published: September 2013

This paper from the research of the porous medium pore structure characteristics of ultra-low permeability reservoir, combined the core flow test with reservoir characteristics analysis and fluid properties analysis studying the reservoir water injection development effect. The research results show that: the microscopic heterogeneity of ultra-low permeability reservoir is strong, pore connectivity of porous medium is poor, seepage throat is very fine and microcrack is growth. During the process of water injection development there exist particle migration phenomenon, could easily cause pore throat blockage, and lead to water injection pressure rebound. According to the research result targeted on the organic mud acid deep broken down experiment, the result shows that it can achieve the purpose of depressure and increasing injection rate.
Energy Saving from Traditional Settlement – A Case Study on Environmental Ideology of Traditional Settlement in Fujian, China
Authors: Miao Yuan
Published: September 2013

In the contemporary era of low-carbon and emission reduction, the energy-saving researches on the single architecture have become more and more attentive, including several new building materials, equipment and techniques, etc. However, this strategy in the wholly macro level has been neglected, such as the harmony between the settlement and its natural environment, the space site-positioning program and the reasonable distribution of architectural groups, which should be offered a priority before the sole establishment design. 400 years ago in the south Fujian, China, the ancestors had been trying to explore natural resources and dedicated to the sustainable development, from the angle of environmental plan and design. For instance, comb-style settlement distribution with wide front and narrow side, ventilation design in buildings and locally selected materials are qualified to be the representativeness and afford us lessons.
Summer and Cold Winter Region Residential Energy-Saving Strategy
Authors: Miao Yuan
Published: September 2013

Taking an award-winning design as an example, the author explored some new design method of rural ecological residential using low-technology and low-energy strategies which refer to the site selection, building envelope design, natural ventilation, wind power utilization, solar utilization, sludge-gas utilization, building shade and green system.
Influencing Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Liaoning Power Consumption Based on Kaya Model
Authors: Jiang Chang He , Zang Wen Ru , Hu Lei Lei
Published: September 2013

In order to achieve the carbon reduction targets committed by China, Liaoning Province must take the way of low-carbon economy. Based on the related Statistical Yearbook data, applying the IPCC carbon emissions equation and Kaya model, this paper analyses the influencing factors of the carbon dioxide emissions produced from the power consumption of Liaoning Province. and then put forward some suggestion on reducing carbon emissions. The results show that Liaoning Province can achieve the goal, but unit GDP CO2 emissions reduction is mainly due tothe investment expansion of the second industry and construction industry investment expansion. As a result, it puts forward some suggestions.
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination to Planting Base Soil in Shenyang, China
Authors: Jiang Bin Hui , Jiang Li , Fu Li Li , Yao Chang Qi , Huang Yong Gang , Wang Wei Dong
Published: September 2013

The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the planting base soils in Shenyang, northeast of China, were investigated. Sixty soil samples were collected and characterized for heavy metals contents (AsCdCrPbHgNiCu and Zn). Concentration data were processed using correlation analysis and soils pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation and PI. The results revealed that eight heavy metals contents of planting base all reached pollution level, which Pb and Hg pollution relatively serious, reached 2.41 and 2.1 respectively. The order of heavy metal pollution levels are: Pb> Hg> Zn = Cu> As> Ni> Cd> Cr. A significant correlation exists in Pb-Cd, Pb-Cu, Cd-As, Cu-Ni, while an extremely significant correlation exists between Zn-Cu. In addition to the parent material soil, the sources of soil heavy metals are mainly by the industrial, agricultural, transportation or other human activities and the effect of atmospheric transport and deposition. KEYWORDS: soil, heavy metal pollution, assessment, pollution index
Distribution of Available S in the Soil Environment of Yunnan Plateau
Authors: Wang Ai Guo , Hu Chen Cheng , Wang Wen , Geng Xiao Jin , He Zhong Jun
Published: September 2013

S element is essential nutrient element of the crop and has spatial variability in soil. It is the base of managing soil S nutrition and reasonable fertilization to understand spatial variability of soil S element fully. Distribution of available S for Baiyao base was studied in this paper. Results show that the available S content of Baiyao base soil was 18.39 mg/kg on average, but the variation range was larger, and 80.84% SAI value of the soil samples were lower than 14, so the base soil had a greater risk of S. The higher available S content were mainly distributed in the middle, east and south areas of Baiyao base, but there were wide areas with lower S content in Baiyao base. In addition, OM had low linear correlation with available S. Nutrient division management was recommended to improve the reasonable application of S.
Analysis on Bank Collapse Mechanism of Typical Reaches in Middle and Lower Yangtze River
Authors: Liu Wan Li
Published: September 2013

This article analyzes bank collapse characteristics of different river types on the basis of previous research and stable bank slope by combining typical bank collapse samples of the middle and the lower reaches of the Yangtze and other rivers. In combination with the years of statistics of measured data on Daijiazhou section, it also analyzes status, types and features of bank collapse of right edge of Daijiazhou. It analyzes cause and mechanism of bank collapse at right edge of Daijiazhou and predicts bank collapse trend of Daijiazhou by combining the characteristics of bank geology, river regime, local topography of bank slope and hydrology, etc.
The Removal of Deinking Wastewater Using Neutralization, Activated Carbon, and Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation
Authors: Lu Xiu Guo , Li Feng , Yan Pei Pei , Che Yan Jiao
Published: September 2013

Treatment of deinking wastewater with neutralization, activated carbon, and hydrogen peroxide oxidation is investigated. Discusses the various factors of the neutralization experiment and catalytic experiment on the influence of the experimental results. The results show that for the 20mL deinking wastewater, first neutralize it to pH=4 with dilute sulfuric acid, then the mass fraction of 0.8mLH2O2 (mass fraction of 30%) and 0.8g active carbon powder in oxidative 19min under conditions of pH=3 with an optimum addition of 0.8mg H2O2 (30%) as well as 0.8g active carbon powder, the CODcr can be reduced from 31000mg/L to 2300 mg/L, and the color unit can be reduced from 15000 to 0 after treatment ,its CODcr and color unit decrease significantly and the removal rates reach 90% and 100% respectively.
Comparison Study on Adsorption and Removal of Antimony from Acidic Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbons and Machine-Made Charcoal
Authors: Jia Miao , Hu Ji Wei , Luo Jin , Duan Su Ming , Li Zhi Bin , Liu Chun
Published: September 2013

Adsorption effects of three kinds of activated carbons and a type of machine-made charcoal on the removal of antimony from acidic aqueous solution were investigated and compared. With an initial antimony solution concentration of 1000 μgL-1, the antimony adsorption by selected adsorbents were found to descend in the following order: machine-made charcoal (52.4%) > coconut activated carbon (42.6%) > coal based activated carbon (31.1%) > apricot stone based activated carbon (24.6%). The machine-made charcoal has the best adsorption capacity with a maximum adsorption values of 523.76 μgL-1. Five kinetic models were used for the fitting of the process of antimony adsorption, including Elovich, parabola diffusion, second order, first order and double-constant. Results showed that parabola diffusion and double-constant rate equation were the most suitable models in describing the relationship of antimony adsorption with time in acidic aqueous solution, implying that the adsorption kinetics of the antimony by the selected adsorbents in water might be a surface diffusion. Three adsorptive capacity indicators (iodine number, methylene blue number and phenol number) were determined in this paper. However, machine-made charcoal, which has a relatively high adsorption capacity, is of the lowest levels of the adsorptive capacity indicators. Thus, some complex mechanisms might be involved for the antimony adsorption by the machine-made charcoal, consequently considering the mechanism for the adsorption of antimony by the charcoal has not been verified, a further study still needs to be done.
Research on Characteristics of New Water and Sediment of Yichang Station after Impoundment of the Three Gorges
Authors: Yang Yan Hua , Liu Xiao Qiang , Zhang Hong Qian
Published: September 2013

Reservoir regulation and reservoir sedimentation make conditions of flow and sediment under the dam change greatly after impoundment of the Three Gorges Project. This paper analyzes change trend and abrupt change situation of incoming water and sediment and studies characteristics of new flow and sediment of Yichang Station after impoundment of the Three Gorges with Mann-Kendall nonparametric rank test method. The result indicates that operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has leveled runoff process and shortened dry season and extended median water period. After operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, annual sediment runoff and monthly sediment runoff of some months changed suddenly and sediment runoff reduced sharply in Yichang Station. Sediment entering the middle and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River decreases substantially and it almost can be regarded as clean water discharge. Intorduction After operation of 175m normal water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir, total storage capacity of the reservoir is about 43 billion m3. Most of incoming sediment in the upstream is intercepted and deposited inside the reservoir and clean water and muddy water containing non-bed sand discharges. Change of water and sediment conditions destroys balance of downstream river and causes bed-rebuilding of downstream channels. And this results in a serious of long-term and long distance changes, such as on-way recovery of sand content, undercutting of bed scour, expansion of bank erosion and decline of water table, etc.[1-. Yichang Station controls a drainage area of 1005501km2 in upstream of the Yangtze River and is a major flood source for the middle and the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Thus, water regime information of Yichang Station is significant to flood control of the middle and the lower reach of the Yangtze River, regulation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, construction of water conservancy project all across the Yangtze River, industrial and agricultural production and shipping, etc. On account of this, this article analyzes data about coming water and sediment of Yichang Station to support characteristics of new flow and sediment of Yichang Station after impoundment of the Three Gorges with Mann-Kendall nonparametric rank test method.
Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Rate in Biolak Process
Authors: Ju Yu Kun , Wang He Li , Zhang Qiang , Xing Jia Le
Published: September 2013

In this research, the domestic wastewater was treated by full-scale Biolak/A2O process. The effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) on nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the system in oxic zone were investigated. Controlling to DO at 0.8-1.5 mg/L, the treatment efficiency of system was near optimal with the total nitrogen efficiency of 69.45%. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification could be achieved under this condition. Based on the calculation equations and transformation pathways of nutrients, about 23.71% total nitrogen (TN) was removed by multistage A/O system in the oxic tank. When DO was 1.0-3.0mg/L, the total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency was the highest at 73.97%. DO in the range of 1.0-1.5mg/L was optimal for the nutrient removal in Biolak/A2O process, removal efficiency of TN and TP were 68.87% and 73.68%. TN and TP of the effluent were 12.02mg/L and 0.95mg/L, respectively.
Navigational Environmental Risk Evaluation of Breakwater Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Chen Chun Hui , Jiao Zhan Li , Jiang Fu Cai
Published: September 2013

This paper introduces the analytic hierarchy process, and applies in the process of engineering project risk evaluation of navigational environment safety. This paper takes the breakwater project of a harbor as an example for analysis, through the recognition of each risk source and risk factor that the project influences on navigation safety to determine the risk indicators, and uses analytic hierarchy process to analyze the impact of various risk factors on navigation safety, thus gains the overall influence of project on navigation safety. This can be used as an auxiliary tool of engineering risk management.
Parameters Effect on Photocatalytic Reduction Kinetics of Bromate in Aqueous Dispersion of TiO2
Authors: Zhu Rong Shu , Tian Fei , Zhang Ling Ling , Yu Ling Min
Published: September 2013

This paper studied the photocatalytic reduction kinetics of bromate in aqueous dispersion of TiO2 and investigated the effects of experimental parameters, including initial concentration of BrO3-, pH, TiO2 dosage, anion and cation. The results indicate that the process of photocatalytic reduction of bromate follows a zero-order kinetics. In all the investigated experimental parameters, the initial bromate concentration, pH and anion have great effect on the photocatalytic reduction kinetics. The processes of photocatalytic reduction of bromate show the pseudo first-order kinetics at initial bromate concentration of 0.39 μmolL-1, pH=5.0, or in presence of HCO3-/CO32-, NO3-, SO42-, respectively.
Experimental Study on Wastewater Treatment Containing Copper with Electrodeposition Method
Authors: Chen Xi , Lin Hong , Ren Hai Yan , Xing Jia Liang
Published: September 2013

In order to achieve the goal of purifing the waste water and recycling of copper, use the electrodeposition to treat the copper-containing wastewater. The experiment studies the effects of electrode materials, cell voltage, plate distance, pH and other experimental conditions in the process of deposition and the effect of blowing nitrogen in the process of deposition. The results show that the best condition is using graphite-aluminum electrode, cell voltage is 7V, plate distance is 10mm and pH is 3 under the condition of blowing nitrogen. From which the removal rate of copper can reach more than 93%. Nitrogen can effectively reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water, reduce the degree of corrosion of the metal and eliminate the concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization in the deposition process to obtain a higher electrodeposition efficiency and current efficiency.