bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Child Abuse and Attempted Suicide
Authors: Wong Wilfred Hing-sang , Kuo Wen-Hung , Sobolewski Curt , Bhatia Inderjeet , Ip Patrick
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Background: Child abuse and suicide among the young population is a serious and prevalent problem. Many studies have demonstrated that people with adverse childhood experiences, such as child abuse, are likely to develop suicidal behavior. This study evaluates the connection between child abuse and suicidal behavior in the Hong Kong community where incidents of child abuse have been on the rise over the past decade. Aims: To determine the association between child abuse and attempted suicide in the child population of Hong Kong using hospital electronic medical records system. Method: From January 1, 1995 to July 31, 2016, patients with admission age < 18 years with the diagnosis of child abuse or influenza infection (comparison group) were included in this study ( n = 54,256). In secondary data analysis, an association was found between children who had experienced child abuse and the outcome measure of hospital admission for attempted suicide compared with influenza infection. Results: The adjusted hazard ratio of attempting suicide in children who experienced sexual abuse and physical abuse compared with the influenza-infected group was 6.48 (95% CI [4.56, 9.19]) and 4.83 (95% CI [3.67, 6.34]). The age at onset of adverse incidents was negatively associated with the attempted suicide timing. Female patients had a 1.64 higher risk of repeating attempted suicide. In addition, nearly 5% of children who had experienced child abuse attempted suicide in the 10 years after their admission, and more than 36% of patients had a record of repeated suicide attempt in the 20 years after the initial admission. Limitations: The accuracy of the diagnosis, selection bias, insufficiency of study period, Berkson's bias, incomplete socioeconomic status, as well as the absence of psychiatric diagnosis are the limitations. Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is a significant association between child abuse and suicide attempts in Hong Kong. If confirmed, the study (a) demonstrates that hospital admission records are a critical source for identifying children with a high risk for suicidal behavior; (b) may inform policy makers that additional and long-term intervention programs should be provided to children so as to reduce subsequent suicide attempts.
Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Stilling Accelerates Lake Thermal Responses to a Warming World
Authors: Woolway R. Iestyn , Merchant Christopher J. , Van Den Hoek Jamon , Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Nõges Peeter , Laas Alo , Mackay Eleanor B. , Jones Ian D.
Published: September 2019

Climate change, in particular the increase in air temperature, has been shown to influence lake thermal dynamics, with climatic warming resulting in higher surface temperatures, stronger stratification, and altered mixing regimes. Less studied is the influence on lake thermal dynamics of atmospheric stilling, the decrease in near‐surface wind speed observed in recent decades. Here we use a lake model to assess the influence of atmospheric stilling, on lake thermal dynamics across the Northern Hemisphere. From 1980 to 2016, lake thermal responses to warming have accelerated as a result of atmospheric stilling. Lake surface temperatures and thermal stability have changed at respective rates of 0.33 and 0.38 °C/decade, with atmospheric stilling contributing 15% and 27% of the calculated changes, respectively. Atmospheric stilling also resulted in a lengthening of stratification, contributing 23% of the calculated changes. Our results demonstrate that atmospheric stilling has influenced lake thermal responses to warming.
Mars Climate Sounder Observation of Mars' 2018 Global Dust Storm
Authors: Kass D. M. , Schofield J. T. , Kleinböhl A. , McCleese D. J. , Heavens N. G. , Shirley J. H. , Steele L. J.
Published: September 2019

The largest of dust storms on Mars are global dust events (GDEs) that affect essentially every aspect of the Martian atmosphere but do not occur in every Mars year. The Mars Climate Sounder globally observed the most recent GDE in 2018 throughout its lifecycle. The event started shortly after the southern spring equinox, with the first Mars Climate Sounder signature detected on 2 June 2018 (Ls = 186.2°). It grew into a mature global event by the end of June (Ls ~ 198°), with drastic changes to the atmospheric temperature, dust, and water ice profiles. It decayed over several months, reaching background conditions around southern summer solstice in October 2018. The 2018 GDE was very similar to the 2001 event, including the seasonal development and temperatures. GDEs appear to be distinct from even the largest regional dust storms. GDEs have 50‐Pa zonal tropical temperatures >220 K while no regional dust storm exceeds 205 K.
Hypoxic Bottom Waters as a Carbon Source to Atmosphere During a Typhoon Passage Over the East China Sea
Authors: Li Dewang , Chen Jianfang , Ni Xiaobo , Wang Kui , Zeng Dingyong , Wang Bin , Huang Daji , Cai Wei‐Jun
Published: September 2019

A high‐resolution mooring record from the Changjiang River plume (45‐m depth) is used to investigate how air‐sea CO2 flux responds to typhoon in the productive plume. With strong wind, surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increased sharply from 369 to 606 μatm due to entrainment of high‐CO2 subsurface water. Though it was followed by pCO2 decrease of 250 μatm and Chl a increase days after the typhoon, the typhoon caused a net CO2 efflux overall. The maximum CO2 efflux (+111.6 mmol·m−2·day−1) is much greater than that under non‐typhoon condition (−2.3 to −11.7 mmol·m−2·day−1). Based on historical typhoon records, we estimate typhoon‐induced CO2 efflux to be +0.27 Tg C/year, which can cancel 18% of summer CO2 influx in the East China Sea shelf. It may likely occur in other coastal waters. Ignoring such contribution may induce large bias in estimating regional air‐sea CO2 flux.
A New Method for Isolating Elastic From Inelastic Deformation in Aquifer Systems: Application to the San Joaquin Valley, CA
Authors: Chaussard Estelle , Farr Tom G.
Published: September 2019

Separating recoverable (elastic) from permanent (inelastic) deformation of aquifer systems is critical to develop sustainable pumping practices but remains a challenge because the preconsolidation stress is unknown. Previous works often assume that inelastic deformation occurs over years while elastic deformation is seasonal. This assumption may not hold for systems where groundwater extraction controls drawdowns and recharge because elastic deformation may not be exclusively seasonal (e.g., drought and recovery periods). Here we present an independent component analysis‐based method for extracting elastic aquifer properties without relying on sedimentary data or on curve fitting of seasonal signal. We applied this method to 2015–2019 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements of deformation in the San Joaquin Valley and show that elastic deformation is always present and captured by IC2 with both seasonal patterns and post drought recovery longer‐term deformation. Independent component analysis is the first method which enables isolating elastic deformation and properties even through periods that do not exhibit a clear seasonal signal.
Twenty‐Five Years of Lower Tropospheric Ozone Observations in Tropical East Asia: The Influence of Emissions and Weather Patterns
Authors: Wang Tao , Dai Jianing , Lam Ka Se , Nan Poon Chun , Brasseur Guy P.
Published: September 2019

Tropospheric ozone affects the Earth's radiative balance, oxidative capacity, and air quality, yet the long‐term ozone trend in East Asia and its driver(s) remain poorly understood. Here we present ozone measurements obtained during 1994–2018 on China's southern coast. The measurement location intercepts China's outflow most of the time and the inflow of tropical maritime air during summer. We found an overall increase in the ozone level (0.35 ppbv/year), and the increase occurred mainly during the first half of the 25‐year period but appeared to level off in recent years in Chinese outflow. Large ozone increase (~20% per decade) was found in the maritime air. Model simulations show that recent weather conditions have reduced maritime ozone, counteracting the impact of the growing Southeast Asia's emissions. Our results fill the gap in the long‐term ozone trend in Asia and highlight the complex interaction of weather and emissions in driving the ozone change.
The Relationship Between South Pacific Atmospheric Internal Variability and ENSO in the North American Multimodel Ensemble Phase‐II Models
Authors: You Yujia , Furtado Jason C.
Published: September 2019

Despite substantial progress made in the theoretical understanding and practical prediction of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), accurate predictions of particular ENSO characteristics (e.g., evolution, intensity, and spatial pattern) remain challenging. Using two models from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) Phase‐II hindcasts, we find that the austral winter atmospheric internal variability is a key determinant of how the South Pacific atmospheric circulation responds to concurrent tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. While this internal variability may not trigger ENSO onsets, it regulates the southeasterly trades and contributes to thermodynamic feedbacks that grow into an ENSO‐like structure during the following austral summer. The difference in the simulation of South Pacific atmospheric variability amongst ensemble members appears to be a significant source of the inter‐member spread in ENSO predictions. Monitoring South Pacific atmospheric variability provides an opportunity to improve the prediction of ENSO intensity and flavor with about a two‐season lead time.
Grain Size Sensitive Creep During Simulated Seismic Slip in Nanogranular Fault Gouges: Constraints From Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD)
Authors: Demurtas Matteo , Smith Steven A. F. , Prior David J. , Brenker Frank E. , Di Toro Giulio
Published: September 2019

Nanograins (≪1 μm) are common in the principal slip zones of natural and experimental faults, but their formation and influence on fault mechanical behavior are poorly understood. We performed transmission Kikuchi diffraction (spatial resolution 20–50 nm) on the principal slip zone of an experimental carbonate gouge (50 wt% calcite, 50 wt% dolomite) that was deformed at a maximum slip rate of 1.2 m/s for 0.4 m displacement. The principal slip zone (PSZ) consists of nanogranular aggregates of calcite, Mg‐calcite, dolomite and periclase, dominated by grain sizes in the range of 100–300 nm. Nanograins in the ultrafine (< 800 nm) PSZ matrix have negligible internal lattice distortion, while grains > 800 nm in size contain subgrains. A weak crystallographic preferred orientation is observed as a clustering of calcite c‐axes within the PSZ. The high‐resolution microstructural observations from transmission Kikuchi diffraction, in combination with published flow laws for calcite, are compatible with high‐velocity slip in the PSZ having been accommodated by a combination of grain size sensitive creep in the ultrafine matrix, and grain size insensitive creep in the larger grains, with the former process likely controlling the bulk rheology of the PSZ after dynamic weakening. If the activation energy for creep is lowered by the nanogranular nature of the aggregates, this could facilitate grain size sensitive creep at high (coseismic) strain rates and only moderate bulk temperatures of approximately 600 °C, although temperatures up to 1000 °C could be locally achieved due to processes such as flash heating.
Dst Index Forecast Based on Ground‐Level Data Aided by Bio‐Inspired Algorithms
Authors: Lazzús J. A. , Vega‐Jorquera P. , Palma‐Chilla L. , Stepanova M. V. , Romanova N. V.
Published: September 2019

In this study, different hybridized techniques that combine an artificial neural network (ANN) with bio‐inspired optimization algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and a hybridized PSO+GA were applied to update the ANN connection weights and so forecast the disturbance storm time (Dst) index. The past values of Dst index time series were used as input parameters to forecast its variation from 1 to 6 hours ahead. The database collected considers 233,760 hourly data from 01 January 1990 to 31 August 2016, containing storms and quiet period, grouped into three data sets: learning set (116,880 hourly data points), validation set (58,440 data points), and testing set (58,440 data points). Several ANN configurations were studied and optimized during the training process by evaluating the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (R). An analysis of the predictive capability of each method was made year per year, and according to the levels of the geomagnetic storm. Also, an additional test was applied to the proposed method using 17 intense geomagnetic storms reported during solar cycle 24, including the St. Patrick's Day storm of 2015. Results show that the hybridized ANN+PSO method can forecast the Dst index quite accurately from 1 to 3 h in advance (with RMSE≤5 nT and R≥0.9), while the ANN+PSO+GA method can forecast the Dst index quite accurately from 4 to 6 h ahead (RMSE≤7 nT and R≥0.8)
Histone methyltransferase G9a protects against acute liver injury through GSTP1
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xue Weili , Zhang Wenquan , Yuan Yangmian , Zhu Xiuqin , Wang Qing , Wei Yujuan , Yang Dong , Yang Chen , Chen Yan , Sun Yu , Wang Shun , Huang Kun , Zheng Ling
Published: September 2019

Acute liver injury is commonly caused by bacterial endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and by drug overdose such as acetaminophen (APAP). The exact role of epigenetic modification in acute liver injury remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of histone methyltransferase G9a in LPS- or APAP overdose-induced acute liver injury. Under d-galactosamine sensitization, liver-specific G9a-deficient mice (L-G9a−/−) exhibited 100% mortality after LPS injection, while the control and L-G9a+/− littermates showed very mild mortality. Moreover, abrogation of hepatic G9a or inhibiting the methyltransferase activity of G9a aggravated LPS-induced liver damage. Similarly, under sublethal APAP overdose, L-G9a−/− mice displayed more severe liver injury. Mechanistically, ablation of G9a inhibited H3K9me1 levels at the promoters of Gstp1/2, two liver detoxifying enzymes, and consequently suppressed their transcription. Notably, treating L-G9a−/− mice with recombinant mouse GSTP1 reversed the LPS- or APAP overdose-induced liver damage. Taken together, we identify a novel beneficial role of G9a-GSTP1 axis in protecting against acute liver injury.
Effect of early-stage autophagy inhibition in BRAFV600E autophagy-dependent brain tumor cells
Authors: Zahedi Shadi , Fitzwalter Brent E. , Morin Andrew , Grob Sydney , Desmarais Michele , Nellan Anandani , Green Adam L. , Vibhakar Rajeev , Hankinson Todd C. , Foreman Nicholas K. , Mulcahy Levy Jean M.
Published: September 2019

Autophagy is a multistage process. Progress within the field has led to the development of agents targeting both early (initiation) and late (fusion) stages of this process. The specific stage of autophagy targeted may influence cancer treatment outcomes. We have previously shown that central nervous system (CNS) tumors with the BRAFV600E mutation are autophagy dependent, and late-stage autophagy inhibition improves the response to targeted BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in sensitive and resistant cells. Drugs directed toward initiation of autophagy have been shown to reduce tumor cell death in some cancers, but have not been assessed in CNS tumors. We investigated early-stage inhibition for autophagy-dependent CNS tumors. BRAFi-sensitive and resistant AM38 and MAF794 cell lines were evaluated for the response to pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of ULK1 and VPS34, two crucial subunits of the autophagy initiation complexes. Changes in autophagy were monitored by western blot and flow cytometry. Survival was evaluated in short- and long-term growth assays. Tumor cells exhibited a reduced autophagic flux with pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of ULK1 or VPS34. Pharmacologic inhibition reduced cell survival in a dose-dependent manner for both targets. Genetic inhibition reduced cell survival and confirmed that it was an autophagy-specific effect. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition were also synergistic with BRAFi, irrespective of RAFi sensitivity. Inhibition of ULK1 and VPS34 are potentially viable clinical targets in autophagy-dependent CNS tumors. Further evaluation is needed to determine if early-stage autophagy inhibition is equal to late-stage inhibition to determine the optimal clinical target for patients.
Activation of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy protects against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Tang Chengyuan , Han Hailong , Liu Zhiwen , Liu Yuxue , Yin Lijun , Cai Juan , He Liyu , Liu Yu , Chen Guochun , Zhang Zhuohua , Yin Xiao-Ming , Dong Zheng
Published: September 2019

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of abrupt loss of renal functions. The underlying pathological mechanisms of AKI remain largely unknown. BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) has dual functions of regulating cell death and mitophagy, but its pathophysiological role in AKI remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated an increase of BNIP3 expression in cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD-R) and in renal tubules after renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR)-induced injury in mice. Functionally, silencing Bnip3 by specific short hairpin RNAs in cultured renal tubular cells reduced OGD-R-induced mitophagy, and potentiated OGD-R-induced cell death. In vivo, Bnip3 knockout worsened renal IR injury, as manifested by more severe renal dysfunction and tissue injury. We further showed that Bnip3 knockout reduced mitophagy, which resulted in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced cell death and inflammatory response in kidneys following renal IR. Taken together, these findings suggest that BNIP3-mediated mitophagy has a critical role in mitochondrial quality control and tubular cell survival during AKI.
Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition rescues axonal transport impairments and prevents the neurotoxicity of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120
Authors: Wenzel Erin D. , Speidell Andrew , Flowers Sarah A. , Wu Chengbiao , Avdoshina Valeria , Mocchetti Italo
Published: September 2019

Despite successful antiretroviral drug therapy, a subset of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive individuals still display synaptodendritic simplifications and functional cognitive impairments referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). The neurological damage observed in HAND subjects can be experimentally reproduced by the HIV envelope protein gp120. However, the complete mechanism of gp120-mediated neurotoxicity is not entirely understood. Gp120 binds to neuronal microtubules and decreases the level of tubulin acetylation, suggesting that it may impair axonal transport. In this study, we utilized molecular and pharmacological approaches, in addition to microscopy, to examine the relationship between gp120-mediated tubulin deacetylation, axonal transport, and neuronal loss. Using primary rat cortical neurons, we show that gp120 decreases acetylation of tubulin and increases histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytoplasmic enzyme that regulates tubulin deacetylation. We also demonstrate that the selective HDAC6 inhibitors tubacin and ACY-1215, which prevented gp120-mediated deacetylation of tubulin, inhibited the ability of gp120 to promote neurite shortening and cell death. We further observed by co-immunoprecipitation and confirmed with mass spectroscopy that exposure of neurons to gp120 decreases the association between tubulin and motor proteins, a well-established consequence of tubulin deacetylation. To assess the physiological consequences of this effect, we examined the axonal transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We report that gp120 decreases the velocity of BDNF transport, which was restored to baseline levels when neurons were exposed to HDAC6 inhibitors. Overall, our data suggest that gp120-mediated tubulin deacetylation causes impairment of axonal transport through alterations to the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Exosome reporter mice reveal the involvement of exosomes in mediating neuron to astroglia communication in the CNS
Authors: Men Yuqin , Yelick Julia , Jin Shijie , Tian Yang , Chiang Ming Sum R. , Higashimori Haruki , Brown Eoin , Jarvis Rachel , Yang Yongjie
Published: September 2019

Astroglia play active and diverse roles in modulating neuronal/synaptic functions in the CNS. How these astroglial functions are regulated, especially by neuronal signals, remains largely unknown. Exosomes, a major type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endosomal intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), have emerged as a new intercellular communication process. By generating cell-type-specific ILVs/exosome reporter (CD63-GFPf/f) mice and immuno-EM/confocal image analysis, we found that neuronal CD63-GFP+ ILVs are primarily localized in soma and dendrites, but not in axonal terminals in vitro and in vivo. Secreted neuronal exosomes contain a subset of microRNAs (miRs) that is distinct from the miR profile of neurons. These miRs, especially the neuron-specific miR-124-3p, are potentially internalized into astrocytes. MiR-124-3p further up-regulates the predominant glutamate transporter GLT1 by suppressing GLT1-inhibiting miRs. Our findings suggest a previously undescribed neuronal exosomal miR-mediated genetic regulation of astrocyte functions, potentially opening a new frontier in understanding CNS intercellular communication.
Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations
Authors: Fragoza Robert , Das Jishnu , Wierbowski Shayne D. , Liang Jin , Tran Tina N. , Liang Siqi , Beltran Juan F. , Rivera-Erick Christen A. , Ye Kaixiong , Wang Ting-Yi , Yao Li , Mort Matthew , Stenson Peter D. , Cooper David N. , Wei Xiaomu , Keinan Alon , Schimenti John C. , Clark Andrew G. , Yu Haiyuan
Published: September 2019

Each human genome carries tens of thousands of coding variants. The extent to which this variation is functional and the mechanisms by which they exert their influence remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we leverage the ExAC database of 60,706 human exomes to investigate experimentally the impact of 2009 missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across 2185 protein-protein interactions, generating interaction profiles for 4797 SNV-interaction pairs, of which 421 SNVs segregate at > 1% allele frequency in human populations. We find that interaction-disruptive SNVs are prevalent at both rare and common allele frequencies. Furthermore, these results suggest that 10.5% of missense variants carried per individual are disruptive, a higher proportion than previously reported; this indicates that each individual’s genetic makeup may be significantly more complex than expected. Finally, we demonstrate that candidate disease-associated mutations can be identified through shared interaction perturbations between variants of interest and known disease mutations.
A potent broadly neutralizing human RSV antibody targets conserved site IV of the fusion glycoprotein
Authors: Tang Aimin , Chen Zhifeng , Cox Kara S. , Su Hua-Poo , Callahan Cheryl , Fridman Arthur , Zhang Lan , Patel Sangita B. , Cejas Pedro J. , Swoyer Ryan , Touch Sinoeun , Citron Michael P. , Govindarajan Dhanasekaran , Luo Bin , Eddins Michael , Reid John C. , Soisson Stephen M. , Galli Jennifer , Wang Dai , Wen Zhiyun , Heidecker Gwendolyn J. , Casimiro Danilo R. , DiStefano Daniel J. , Vora Kalpit A.
Published: September 2019

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization and infant mortality under six months of age worldwide; therefore, the prevention of RSV infection in all infants represents a significant unmet medical need. Here we report the isolation of a potent and broadly neutralizing RSV monoclonal antibody derived from a human memory B-cell. This antibody, RB1, is equipotent on RSV A and B subtypes, potently neutralizes a diverse panel of clinical isolates in vitro and demonstrates in vivo protection. It binds to a highly conserved epitope in antigenic site IV of the RSV fusion glycoprotein. RB1 is the parental antibody to MK-1654 which is currently in clinical development for the prevention of RSV infection in infants.
The role of irrigation in changing wheat yields and heat sensitivity in India
Authors: Zaveri Esha , B. Lobell David
Published: September 2019

Irrigation has been pivotal in wheat’s rise as a major crop in India and is likely to be increasingly important as an adaptation response to climate change. Here we use historical data across 40 years to quantify the contribution of irrigation to wheat yield increases and the extent to which irrigation reduces sensitivity to heat. We estimate that national yields in the 2000s are 13% higher than they would have been without irrigation trends since 1970. Moreover, irrigated wheat exhibits roughly one-quarter of the heat sensitivity estimated for fully rainfed conditions. However, yield gains from irrigation expansion have slowed in recent years and negative impacts of warming have continued to accrue despite lower heat sensitivity from the widespread expansion of irrigation. We conclude that as constraints on expanding irrigation become more binding, furthering yield gains in the face of additional warming is likely to present an increasingly difficult challenge.
PEST-CHEMGRIDS, global gridded maps of the top 20 crop-specific pesticide application rates from 2015 to 2025
Authors: Maggi Federico , Tang Fiona H. M. , la Cecilia Daniele , McBratney Alexander
Published: September 2019

Available georeferenced environmental layers are facilitating new insights into global environmental assets and their vulnerability to anthropogenic inputs. Geographically gridded data of agricultural pesticides are crucial to assess human and ecosystem exposure to potential and recognised toxicants. However, pesticides inventories are often sparse over time and by region, mostly report aggregated classes of active ingredients, and are generally fragmented across local or government authorities, thus hampering an integrated global analysis of pesticide risk. Here, we introduce PEST-CHEMGRIDS, a comprehensive database of the 20 most used pesticide active ingredients on 6 dominant crops and 4 aggregated crop classes at 5 arc-min resolution (about 10 km at the equator) projected from 2015 to 2025. To estimate the global application rates of specific active ingredients we use spatial statistical methods to re-analyse the USGS/PNSP and FAOSTAT pesticide databases along with other public inventories including global gridded data of soil physical properties, hydroclimatic variables, agricultural quantities, and socio-economic indices. PEST-CHEMGRIDS can be used in global environmental modelling, assessment of agrichemical contamination, and risk analysis.
High pollutant exposure level of the largest European community of bottlenose dolphins in the English Channel
Authors: Zanuttini Cyrielle , Gally François , Scholl Georges , Thomé Jean-Pierre , Eppe Gauthier , Das Krishna
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (T-Hg) in the blubber and skin, respectively, of the free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the Normanno-Breton Gulf, one of the largest identified coastal population in Europe. Among all the POPs analysed in this study, the ∑NDL-PCBs were the most abundant compounds found in the blubber (mean: 1.33 × 105–0.65 × 105 ng.g−1 lipid weight (lw) for males and females respectively), followed by ∑DDX (1.11 × 104–4.67 × 103 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑DL-PCBs (8.06 × 103–2.62 × 103ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PBDEs (1.95 × 103–0.64 × 103ng.g−1 lw) > dieldrin (1.86 × 103–0.18 × 103 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑endosulfan (405–62 ng.g−1 lw) > HCB (86–52 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑HCHs (47–60 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑chlordane (24–0.97 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PCDFs (0.3–0.1 ng.g−1 lw) > ∑PCDDs (0.06–0.05 ng.g−1 lw). The T-Hg concentrations were highly variable between individuals (2.45 × 103 ng.g−1 to 21.3 × 103 ng.g−1 dry weight, dw). The reported concentrations are among the highest reported for cetaceans. We strongly recommend that the Normanno-Breton Gulf be a special area of conservation (cSAC) candidate because it contains the last large European population of bottlenose dolphins (rare or threatened within a European context) designated under the EC Habitats Directive.
Lithia/(Ir, Li2IrO3) nanocomposites for new cathode materials based on pure anionic redox reaction
Authors: Lee Si Yeol , Park Yong Joon
Published: September 2019

Anionic redox reactions attributed to oxygen have attracted much attention as a new approach to overcoming the energy-density limits of cathode materials. Several oxides have been suggested as new cathode materials with high capacities based on anionic (oxygen) redox reactions. Although most still have a large portion of their capacity based on the cationic redox reaction, lithia-based cathodes present high capacities that are purely dependent upon oxygen redox. Contrary to Li-air batteries, other systems using pure oxygen redox reactions, lithia-based cathodes charge and discharge without a phase transition between gas and condensed forms. This leads to a more stable cyclic performance and lower overpotential compared with those of Li-air systems. However, to activate nanolithia and stabilize reaction products such as Li2O2 during cycling, lithia-based cathodes demand efficient catalysts (dopants). In this study, Ir based materials (Ir and Li2IrO3) were introduced as catalysts (dopants) for nanolithia composites. Oxide types (Li2IrO3) were used as source materials of catalyst because ductile metal (Ir) can hardly be pulverized during the milling process. Two types of Li2IrO3 were prepared and used for catalyst-sources. They were named ‘1-step Li2IrO3’ and ‘2-step Li2IrO3’, respectively, since they were prepared by ‘1-step’ or ‘2-step’ heat treatment. The nanocomposites prepared using lithia & 2-step Li2IrO3 presented a higher capacity, more stable cyclic performance, and lower overpotential than those of the nanocomposites prepared using lithia & 1-step Li2IrO3. The voltage profiles of the nanocomposites prepared using lithia & 2-step Li2IrO3 were stable up to a limited capacity of 600 mAh·g−1, and the capacity was maintained during 100 cycles. XPS analysis confirmed that the capacity of our lithia-based compounds is attributable to the oxygen redox reaction, whereas the cationic redox related to the Ir barely contributes to their discharge capacity.
Clinical-pathological issues in thyroid pathology: study on the routine application of NIFTP diagnostic criteria
Authors: Canini Valentina , Leni Davide , Pincelli Angela Ida , Scardilli Marcella , Garancini Mattia , Villa Chiara , Di Bella Camillo , Capitoli Giulia , Cimini Riccardo , Leone Biagio Eugenio , Pagni Fabio
Published: September 2019

In 2017, the WHO classification of tumours of the endocrine organs established the criteria for a NIFTP diagnosis. The present paper considers some aspects that are still debated or unresolved: the real incidence and clinical meaning of multifocal/multinodular lesions, the biological behaviour of micro-NIFTP, the sprinkling phenomenon and the corresponding modifications to the FNA reporting systems based on changes to the ROM. Moreover, the paper suggests possible scenarios for the clinical-pathological management of this entity. From the initial 1470 cases, a group of 68 NIFTPs was recruited in a 9 year-long period. The average age at diagnosis was 55 years. The average diameter of the lesion was 1.7 cm (0.1 cm–10 cm). In 41 cases (60.1%), the lesion was inserted in the context of a multinodular background. In 12 cases, the diagnosis was incidental and the pre- operative FNA was performed on a different target. In 10 out of 68 cases, there was a multifocal NIFTP; in 14.7% of patients, PTC-like nuclear features showed sprinkling phenomenon. The cytological revision allocated 21 cases (49%) to the SIAPEC TIR3 indeterminate class and a nuclear score 2 or 3 were identified in 25 smears. Multifocality is part of the spectrum of NIFTPs, that can arise in a multinodular background with variable sizes from microscopic lesions to very large ones. Cytopathological criteria such as an evaluation of the nuclear score may help the pathologists in promoting a NIFTP diagnosis in the preoperative setting.
On the evolving nature of c/a ratio in a hexagonal close-packed epsilon martensite phase in transformative high entropy alloys
Authors: Sinha Subhasis , Nene Saurabh S. , Frank Michael , Liu Kaimiao , Agrawal Priyanka , Mishra Rajiv S.
Published: September 2019

Activation of different slip systems in hexagonal close packed (h.c.p.) metals depends primarily on the c/a ratio, which is an intrinsic property that can be altered through alloying addition. In conventional h.c.p. alloys where there is no diffusion-less phase transformation and associated transformation volume change with deformation, the c/a ratio remains constant during deformation. In the present study, c/a ratio and transformation volume change of h.c.p. epsilon martensite phase in transformative high entropy alloys (HEAs) were quantified as functions of alloy chemistry, friction stir processing and tensile deformation. The study revealed that while intrinsic c/a is dependent on alloying elements, c/a of epsilon in transformative HEAs changes with processing and deformation. This is attributed to transformation volume change induced dependence of h.c.p. lattice parameters on microstructure and stress state. Lower than ideal c/a ratio promotes non-basal pyramidal 〈c + a〉 slip and deformation twinning in epsilon phase of transformative HEAs. Also, a unique twin-bridging mechanism was observed, which provided experimental evidence supporting existing theoretical predictions; i.e., geometrical factors combined with grain orientation, c/a ratio and plastic deformation can result in characteristic twin boundary inclination at 45–50°.
Assessing the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction for the decontamination of archaeological bones prior to radiocarbon dating
Authors: Devièse Thibaut , Ribechini Erika , Querci Diletta , Higham Thomas
Published: September 2019

Decontamination of archaeological bones can be achieved by supercritical fluid extraction and assessed using pyrolysis techniques.
An electrochemical sensor for nitrite using a glassy carbon electrode modified with Cu/CBSA nanoflower networks
Authors: Sun Chengxiang , Pan Wenxia , Zheng Dianyuan , Zheng Yuhang , Zhu Jianhong
Published: September 2019

Flower-like metallic nanocrystals are generally used for applications in analytical science, but so far there have been few reports of ‘nanoflowers’ made of protein components.
Curcumin a colorimetric and fluorimetric cyanide probe in aqueous system and living cells
Authors: Hijji Yousef M. , Elsafy Anas G. , Al-Easa Hala Sultan , Attili Bassam , Abdelrasoul Mahmoud , Mohamed Nura , Nasrallah Gheyath K.
Published: September 2019

Curcumin is a visual, photometric and fluorometric sensor for cyanide in aqueous media.
A chemical theory of topological insulators
Authors: Martín Pendás Angel , Contreras-García Julia , Pinilla Fernanda , Mella José D. , Cardenas Carlos , Muñoz Francisco
Published: September 2019

Research on topological insulators has experienced an exponential growth in the last few years. An easy to grasp understanding of their properties is presented for chemists.
Dioxygen-triggered oxidative cleavage of the C–S bond towards C–N bond formation
Authors: Lv Zongchao , Wang Huamin , Quan Zhicong , Gao Yuan , Lei Aiwen
Published: September 2019

Dioxygen-triggered oxidative cleavage of C–S bonds has been achieved, delivering a series of N-containing heterocyclic compounds that are frequently found in pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
Access to C-aryl/alkenylglycosides by directed Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalisation of the anomeric position in glycal-type substrates
Authors: de Robichon Morgane , Bordessa Andrea , Malinowski Maciej , Uziel Jacques , Lubin-Germain Nadège , Ferry Angélique
Published: September 2019

Directed palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalisation of C2-amido glycals onto the anomeric position is described as a novel route to C-aryl/alkenylglycosides.
Endergonic addition of N-methylamines to aromatic ketones driven by photochemical offset of the entropic cost
Authors: Iwamoto Takahiro , Hosokawa Atsushi , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: September 2019

Endergonic addition of N-methylamines to aromatic ketones has been developed by photochemical offset of the entropic cost.
1,4-Diazacubane crystal structure rectified as piperazinium
Authors: Arachchige Kasun S. Athukorala , Fahrenhorst-Jones Tyler , Burns Jed M. , AL-Fayaad Hydar A. , Behera Jogendra N. , Rao C. N. R. , Clegg Jack K. , Williams Craig M.
Published: September 2019

The only reported synthesis of a [n]-azacubane, 1,4-diazacubane, on re-examination revealed a disordered piperazine that constitutes the previously reported Ni2+ Kagome metal organic framework (MOF).
Tuning the net topology of a ternary Ag(i)-1,2,4,5-tetra(4-pyridyl)benzene-carboxylate framework: structures and photoluminescence
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Cong-Cong , Mao Ling-Ling , Wu Si-Guo , Wang Long-Fei , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: September 2019

Changing of auxiliary ligands leads to the formation of 1D–3D coordination structures and the use of dye molecules provides a way to promote the luminescence properties of MOFs.
Oxygen vacancy mediated cubic phase stabilization at room temperature in pure nano-crystalline zirconia films: a combined experimental and first-principles based investigation
Authors: Kalita Parswajit , Saini Shikha , Rajput Parasmani , Jha S. N. , Bhattacharyya D. , Ojha Sunil , Avasthi Devesh K. , Bhattacharya Saswata , Ghosh Santanu
Published: September 2019

Oxygen vacancy mediated cubic phase stabilization at ambient conditions in pure nano-crystalline zirconia films synthesized by electron beam evaporation.
Prediction of many-electron wavefunctions using atomic potentials: extended basis sets and molecular dissociation
Authors: Whitten Jerry L.
Published: September 2019

A one-electron Schrödinger equation based on special one-electron potentials for atoms is shown to exist that produces orbitals for an arbitrary molecule that are sufficiently accurate to be used without modification to construct single- and multi-determinant wavefunctions.
An experimental and computational IR and hybrid DFT-D3 study of the conformations ofl-lactic and acrylic acid: new insight into the dehydration mechanism of lactic acid to acrylic acid
Authors: Zeinalipour-Yazdi Constantinos D. , Catlow C. Richard A.
Published: September 2019

Effect of the intra-molecular H-bond ofl-lactic acid on its dehydration mechanism: IR and DFT-D3 study,
A DNP-hyperpolarized solid-state water NMR MASER: observation and qualitative analysis
Authors: Weber Emmanuelle M. M. , Kurzbach Dennis , Abergel Daniel
Published: September 2019

Observation and theoretical analysis of an NMR MASER of hyperpolarized 1H nuclei by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at 1.2 K and in a magnetic field of 6.7 T are presented in this study.
Ternary 12-electron CBe3X3+ (X = H, Li, Na, Cu, Ag) clusters: planar tetracoordinate carbons and superalkali cations
Authors: Guo Jin-Chang , Feng Lin-Yan , Dong Chuan , Zhai Hua-Jin
Published: September 2019

Ternary 12-electron CBe3X3+ (X = H/Li/Na/Cu/Ag) clusters possess a planar tetracoordinate carbon. They feature 2π/6σ double aromaticity and can be classified as superalkali cations.
Oxygen-free water-promoted selective photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines
Authors: Bai Peng , Tong Xinli , Gao Yiqi , Guo Pengfei
Published: September 2019

A novel oxygen-free photocatalytic selective oxidative coupling of amines to produce imines was successfully performed with water as the primary oxidant at room temperature.
Versatile functionalization of 3,5-diamino-4-nitropyrazole for promising insensitive energetic compounds
Authors: Tang Yongxing , Ma Jinchao , Imler Gregory H. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: September 2019

Energetic derivatives based on 3,5-diamino-4-nitropyrazole via diversified functionalization strategies show high thermal stability and good detonation performance.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and molecular docking study of new aza-bicyclic isoxazoline acylhydrazone derivatives
Authors: Mota Fernanda Virginia Barreto , de Araújo Neta Marlene Saraiva , de Souza Franco Eryvelton , Bastos Isla Vanessa Gomes Alves , da Araújo Larissa Cardoso Correia , da Silva Sandra Cabral , de Oliveira Tatiane Bezerra , Souza Eduarda Karynne , de Almeida Valderes Moraes , Ximenes Rafael Matos , de Sousa Maia Maria Bernadete , Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça , Marchand Pascal , de Faria Antônio Rodolfo , da Silva Teresinha Gonçalves
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of two new isoxazoline-acylhydrazone derivatives.
Spectroscopic study of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) hydrolysis in the presence of europium. Implications in the extraction system studies for lanthanide and actinide separation
Authors: Sánchez-García Iván , Bonales Laura J. , Galán Hitos , Perlado Jose Manuel , Cobos Joaquín
Published: September 2019

Different implications of AHA hydrolysis affecting the extraction systems for actinide and lanthanide separation.
Organometal-catalyzed synthesis of high molecular weight poly-(l-lactic acid) with a covalently attached imidazolium salt: performance-enhanced reduced graphene oxide–PLLA biomaterials
Authors: Sokolovicz Yuri Clemente Andrade , Schrekker Clarissa Martins Leal , Hild Frédéric , de Oliveira Bodo Leonardo , Couto Júlia Lacerda , Klitzke Joice Sandra , Maraschin Thuany , de Souza Basso Nara Regina , dos Santos João Henrique Zimnoch , Dagorne Samuel , Schrekker Henri Stephan
Published: September 2019

Herein, we report on the synthesis of imidazolium salt end-functionalized PLLA (PLLA-IS) and its application in the preparation of reduced graphene oxide–PLLA composites.
Soft cellulose II nanospheres: sol–gel behaviour, swelling and material synthesis
Authors: Beaumont Marco , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Tardy Blaise L. , Gusenbauer Claudia , Khakalo Alexey , Nonappa Nonappa , Opietnik Martina , Potthast Antje , Rojas Orlando J. , Rosenau Thomas
Published: September 2019

Cellulose II nanospheres with a soft, amorphous outer shell are synthesized and characterized to show their structure–property relationship.
Tumor microenvironment responsive FePt/MoS2 nanocomposites with chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for enhancing cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Cui Ping , Dai Zhichao , Yang Baochan , Yao Xiuxiu , Liu Qingyun , Hu Zunfu , Zheng Xiuwen
Published: September 2019

As a multifunctional platform for photo-chemo-immunotherapy strategies, FePt/MoS2 nanocomposites shows great potential in cancer theranostic.
Recent advances in RAFT polymerization of monomers derived from renewable resources
Authors: Hatton Fiona L.
Published: September 2019

In this Minireview, RAFT polymerization of monomers derived from renewable resources is explored. Methods used to prepare these monomers are discussed, and potential applications of the resulting renewable polymers are highlighted.
N-Heterocyclic carbene copper catalyzed quinoline synthesis from 2-aminobenzyl alcohols and ketones using DMSO as an oxidant at room temperature
Authors: Xu Jingxiu , Chen Qingmao , Luo Zhigao , Tang Xiaodong , Zhao Jinwu
Published: September 2019

A facile and practical process for the synthesis of quinolines through an N-heterocyclic carbene copper catalyzed indirect Friedländer reaction from 2-aminobenzyl alcohol and aryl ketones using DMSO as an oxidant at room temperature is reported.
A low molecular weight OLED material: 2-(4-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)benzylidene)malononitrile. Synthesis, crystal structure, thin film morphology, spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations
Authors: Percino M. Judith , Cerón Margarita , Venkatesan Perumal , Pérez-Gutiérrez Enrique , Santos Pilar , Ceballos Paulina , Castillo Armando E. , Gordillo-Guerra Paola , Anandhan Karnambaram , Barbosa-García Oracio , Bernal Wilson , Thamotharan Subbiah
Published: September 2019

A low molecular weight fluorescent malononitrile derivative showed an efficient solid-state emission and electroluminescence properties.
Barrier effect of coal bottom ash-based geopolymers on soil contaminated by heavy metals
Authors: Dong Yiqie , Zhou Min , Xiang Yuwei , Wan Sha , Li He , Hou Haobo
Published: September 2019

Coal bottom ash (CBA) was modified on the basis of the engineering problems of low resource utilization of CBA and difficulty in treating HMS through alkali activation to synthesize geopolymers and solidify heavy metal-contaminated soil (HMS).
Electrostatically PEGylated DNA enables salt-free hybridization in water
Authors: Chakraborty Gurudas , Balinin Konstantin , Portale Giuseppe , Loznik Mark , Polushkin Evgeny , Weil Tanja , Herrmann Andreas
Published: September 2019

Electrostatic bonding of PEG molecules onto the backbone of DNA allows Watson–Crick base-pairing between individually PEGylated complementary strands resulting in a double helix with enhanced thermostability in salt-free aqueous medium.
A general synthesis of dendralenes
Authors: George Josemon , Ward Jas S. , Sherburn Michael S.
Published: September 2019

The first broad spectrum dendralene synthesis permits the widest structural and substituent variation and promotes applications in step economic synthesis.
Many-chain effects on the co-nonsolvency of polymer brushes in a good solvent mixture
Authors: Park Gyehyun , Jung YounJoon
Published: September 2019

Structure of grafted polymers in the occurrence of co-nonsolvency was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and Alexander-de Gennes theory.
Mechanical phase inversion of Pickering emulsions via metastable wetting of rough colloids
Authors: Zanini Michele , Cingolani Alberto , Hsu Chiao-Peng , Fernández-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Soligno Giuseppe , Beltzung Anna , Caimi Stefano , Mitrano Denise , Storti Giuseppe , Isa Lucio
Published: September 2019

We exploit the surface-roughness-induced wetting hysteresis of individual colloids to achieve Pickering emulsions undergoing phase inversion upon mechanical energy inputs.
PBTTT-C16 sol–gel transition by rod associations and networking
Authors: Yi Han-Liou , Hua Chi-Chung
Published: September 2019

The present report reveals an unconventional way by which the molecular weight of a conjugated polymer can impact its solution, sol, gel and thin film properties.
Hydrogels from natural egg white with extraordinary stretchability, direct-writing 3D printability and self-healing for fabrication of electronic sensors and actuators
Authors: Chang Qiang , Darabi Mohammad Ali , Liu Yuqing , He Yunfan , Zhong Wen , Mequanin Kibret , Li Bingyun , Lu Feng , Xing Malcolm M. Q.
Published: September 2019

An alkali-induced egg white hydrogel achieved ultra-stretchability, self-healing and direct 3D printability for highly sensitive electronic sensor and humidity-responsive actuator fabrication.
Phase change materials for electron-triggered energy conversion and storage: a review
Authors: Zhang Yuang , Umair Malik Muhammad , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao
Published: September 2019

This review presents the latest advances in energy conversion phase change materials and their electron-triggered mechanism of energy conversion.
Intrinsic photo-degradation and mechanism of polymer solar cells: the crucial role of non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Park Sungmin , Son Hae Jung
Published: September 2019

We investigated the effects of chemical structures of non-fullerene acceptors on the photo-stability of polymer solar cells.