bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Problems (IIP-C) used with a clinical sample of adolescents
Authors: Israel Pravin , Langeveld Johannes Henrik
Published: February 2021

Background: Interpersonal problems are consistently identified with psychopathology that often has its onset in adolescence. Most of the commonly used instruments in child and adolescent psychiatry target non-interpersonal problems. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) is a widely studied and utilized instrument in the adult mental health field. Aims: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the IIP (circumplex version) used with a clinical adolescent population. Method: Sixty-two adolescents (13-17 years) who received treatment in a child and adolescent mental health clinic (CAMHS) were included in the study. To establish reliability and validity, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, and validity analyses. Results: Confirmatory analyses did not show optimal model fit. However, other indices like CFI and TLI were promising. The reliability of the eight scales was in the same range as previous studies and acceptable. There were expected significant correlations between IIP-C scales and the broadband scales of Youth Self-report (YSR). Conclusion: The pioneer nature and its clinical focus are strengths however, there is for more research. The promising results are encouraging, and future research could also explore how best to bring the instrument into the digital age.
In Masks we Trust: Explicit and Implicit Reactions to Masked Faces Vary by Political Orientation
Authors: Ingram Gordon , Chuquichambi Erick Gustavo , Jimenez-Leal William , Olivera-LaRosa Antonio
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused controversy over new norms of mask-wearing in public places. An online experiment previously showed that people from several Spanish-speaking countries perceived faces wearing medical-style masks as more trustworthy, socially desirable, and likely to be ill, compared to control faces without a mask. We replicated and extended these methods with 1241 English-speaking participants from the UK and USA, adding questions on political orientation and voting intention, and including the online-VAAST task to test the effects of masks on an implicit reaction-time measure. The positive effects of masks on trustworthiness and social desirability were replicated, but the negative effect of masks on perceptions of healthiness was reversed. Participants were also quicker to approach masked faces. Conservative voters’ explicit and implicit reactions to masked faces were less favorable than those of liberals, demonstrating that masks are viewed positively by many but continue to be politically controversial.
Scientific lessons from a catalogue of 6674 brain recordings
Authors: Makin Alexis David James , Tyson-Carr John , Rampone Giulia , Derpsch Yiovanna , Wright Damien , Bertamini Marco
Published: February 2021

Abstract visual regularities (such as reflectional symmetry) activate the extrastriate visual cortex and generate an Event Related Potential (ERP) called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN). While traditional SPN papers often report a single experiment, we can learn much more by combining data from many experiments. We thus organized and catalogued 249 grand-average SPNs from 40 projects (2215 individual SPNs from 6674 participants). This ‘complete SPN catalogue’ is now publicly available on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/2sncj). We found that ~30% of variance in SPN amplitude can be explained by two predictors: 1) an abstract model of perceptual goodness, 2) the task relevance of regularity. Although the SPN is stronger over the right hemisphere, the laws of perceptual organization (that determine SPN amplitude) are equivalent in both hemispheres. These insights could never be conclusively supported by a single experiment.
New Insights in Power and Power Analysis in Mediation Models
Authors: Montoya Amanda Kay , Aberson Chris , Fossum Jessica , Chen Donna , Gonzalez Oscar
Published: February 2021

Mediation analysis is commonly used in social-personality psychology to evaluate potential mechanisms of effects. With the recent replicability crisis, researchers are turning to power analysis to help plan studies; however, power analysis for mediation is not implemented in popular software (e.g., G*Power). Our symposium includes two presentations focusing on implementation of power analysis for mediation: (1) describing easy-to-use tools for implementing power analysis (e.g., pwr2ppl R package), and (2) evaluating whether different inferential methods result in similar recommended sample sizes and the role of assumption violations in these differences. Two presenters focus on study characteristics which can affect power: (1) use of the bias-corrected confidence interval and alternatives which better balance power and type I error, and (2) how measurement error on the mediator can impact power and how to correct this issue with latent variable models. Presentations will include applied examples, aimed at a social-personality audience, and provide concrete steps for increasing the validity and replicability of mediation analyses conducted in social-personality research. (Symposium Presented at SPSP 2021)
Caught in the moment: Are there person-specific associations between momentary procrastination and passively logged smartphone use?
Authors: Aalbers George , Vanden Abeele Mariek Magdalena Petra , Hendrickson Andrew T , De Marez Lieven , Keijsers Loes
Published: February 2021

Procrastination is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon. Although research suggests smartphones might be involved, little is known about the momentary association between different patterns of smartphone use and procrastination. In a preregistered study, 221 students (Mage = 20, 55% female) self-reported procrastination five times a day for 30 days (i.e., Experience Sampling Method) while their smartphone use was continuously monitored (i.e., passive logging). Using dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) on 27,151 observations, we estimated momentary within-person associations between procrastination and 1) total smartphone use and use of specific application categories (social media, messaging, browsers, games, and video streaming), 2) notifications, and 3) smartphone use fragmentation. Procrastination was positively albeit weakly associated with all aforementioned patterns and associations varied from person to person. Collectively, our findings suggest these popular devices potentially encourage dilatory behavior.
Exploring the Association between Compliance with Measures to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 and Big Five Traits with Bayesian Generalized Linear Model
Authors: Han Hyemin
Published: February 2021

Research has examined the association between people’s compliance with measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and personality traits. However, previous studies were conducted with relatively small-size datasets and employed frequentist analysis that does not allow data-driven model exploration. To address the limitations, a large-scale international dataset, COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset, was explored with Bayesian generalized linear model that enables identification of the best regression model. The best regression models predicting participants’ compliance with Big Five traits were explored. The findings demonstrated first, all Big Five traits, except extroversion, were positively associated with compliance with general measures and distancing. Second, neuroticism, extroversion, and agreeableness were positively associated with the perceived cost of complying with the measures while conscientiousness showed negative association. The findings and the implications of the present study were discussed.
Do social norms influence young people’s willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine?
Authors: Sinclair Samantha , Agerström Jens
Published: February 2021

Although young adults are not at great risk of becoming severely ill with COVID-19, their willingness to get vaccinated affects the whole community. Vaccine hesitancy has increased during recent years, and more research is needed on its situational determinants. This paper reports a preregistered experiment (N = 654) that examined whether communicating descriptive social norms – information about what most people do – is an effective way of influencing young people’s intentions and reducing their hesitancy to take the COVID-19 vaccine. We found weak support for our main hypothesis that conveying strong (compared to weak) norms leads to reduced hesitancy and stronger intentions. Furthermore, norms did not produce significantly different effects compared to standard vaccine information from the authorities. Moreover, no support was found for the hypothesis that young people are more strongly influenced by norms when the norm reference group consists of other young individuals rather than people in general. These findings suggest that the practical usefulness of signaling descriptive norms is rather limited, and may not be more effective than standard appeals in the quest of encouraging young adults to trust and accept a new vaccine.
Theorizing University Rankings by Comparison: Systematic and historical analogies with arts and sports
Authors: Brankovic Jelena
Published: February 2021

In this paper we lay down a comparative framework for theorizing university rankings, which can be used and further extended by scholars interested in advancing research on rankings. In so doing, we contextualize the analysis of university rankings within a broader sociology of rankings. We identify two dimensions along which such contextualization could be done: (a) systematic, referring to the comparison of university rankings with rankings in other fields and focusing on how university rankings can be informed by insights from other empirical settings; and (b) historical, which concerns long-term trajectories, rather than just the past few years. We argue that analogical theorizing is one promising strategy for doing this, and to illustrate its potential, we bring insights from the arts and sports fields into the study of university rankings. This approach, we argue, can benefit both our understanding of university rankings and rankings more generally.
Profesyonel Turist Rehberlerinin Kaçak Rehberlik Faaliyetlerini Algılamaları
Authors: KAYA Sena , ŞAHİN Büşra , CESUR Sevilay , ÖZKUL Emrah , UCA Selda
Published: February 2021

Günümüzde turist rehberliği, turizm endüstrisinin vazgeçilmez dinamiklerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle turizm faaliyetlerinin artış gösterdiği son yıllarda ülkemize gelen ziyaretçi sayılarındaki artışın sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanmasında turist rehberlerinin önemli rolleri bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada “Turist Rehberliği Birliği” bünyesinde görev yapmakta olan profesyonel turist rehberlerinin kaçak rehberlik faaliyetlerine karşı düşüncelerinin belirlenmesi ve bu düşüncelerin mesleklerini nasıl etkilediklerinin tespit edilerek çözüm önerileri geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak 23 profesyonel turist rehberinden e-posta yolu ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, profesyonel turist rehberlerinin, mesleki açıdan (işsizlik, mesleki itibar) ve destinasyon açısından (yanlış tanıtım) olumsuz etkilendikleri tespit edilmiştir. Kaçak rehberlik faaliyetlerinin son bulmaması sebebi olarak denetimlerin azlığı katılımcılar tarafından vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda ayrıca kaçak rehberlik faaliyetlerinin önüne geçilmesi adına çözüm önerilerine yer verilmiştir.
Alzheimers Disease, Downs Syndrome, & Creosote
Authors: Cusack Paul
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we consider creosote as the cause of Alzheimer’s disease and Downs syndrome. They both exhibit the slowing down of the nerve function probably caused by an increase in resistance of the circuit because of Beta Amyloid build up in the brain. Creosote was used as a preservative in various industries.
Sociology of the Medical-Patient Relationship: Putting Flesh on the Bones of a Stick Figure
Authors: Luis Turabian Jose
Published: February 2021

Any activity, including science, and the doctor-patient relationship, depends on society. The institution of medicine is based on social relationships that are defined exclusively by experts, and this involves cultural definitions, values and techniques. The institutions define the right practices independently of the people involved. Social practices are full of conventions, uses, rituals, styles, modes, procedures, laws, etc. Institutional power defines the individual doctor-patient relationship. This scenario places limits on the positivist view of the patient-centered relationship. Social institutions make their social agents-doctors-first interested in outputs, products or results (cures, prescriptions, visits, demand, hospital admissions, diagnoses, morbidity, mortality), but not in social relationships, which they are frequently hidden or distorted. In this way, the doctor-patient relationship is frequently trivialized and treated in a child-like manner as a professional matter: it is presented in the biomedical literature as a stick figure; a "prehistoric" oversimplification that is little likes the current reality. The sociological approach brings doctor-patient relationship to the surface, making it visible, demystifying and problematizing it. The general practitioner should: 1. Go from medicalizing social relations, including the doctor-patient relationship, to socially contextualize medical practice and the doctor-patient relationship; And 2. Take charge of social problems from the consultation, understanding that social problems are part of the consultation and the doctor-patient relationship.
Fenofibrate Niosomes by Modified Ether Injection Method- of Proper Diet to Help Lower “Bad
Authors: Samatha Garrepalli
Published: February 2021

The quest never ends. From the very beginning of the human race the quest is going on for newer and better alternatives and in case of drugs it will continue till we find a drug with maximum efficacy and no side effects. Many drugs, particularly chemotherapeutic agents, have narrow therapeutic window and their clinical uses are limited and compromised by dose limiting toxic effect. Thus, the therapeutic effectiveness of the existing drugs is improved by formulating them in an advantageous way. In the past few decades, considerable attention has been focused on the development of new drug delivery system (NDDS). The NDDS should ideally full fill two prerequisites. Firstly, it should deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body, over the period of treatment. Secondly, it should channel the active entity to the site of action. Conventional dosage forms including prolonged release dosage forms are unable to meet none of these. At present, no available drug delivery system behaves ideally, but sincere attempts have been made to achieve them through various novel approaches in drug delivery1. Approaches are being adapted to achieve this goal, by paying considerable attention either to control the distribution of drug by incorporating it in a carrier system, or by altering the structure of the drug at the molecular level, or to control the input of the drug into the bio environment to ensure an appropriate profile of distribution.
Comparing Two Strategies for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Screening
Authors: Kabany Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing disease globally. It is strongly related to obesity and insulin resistance. NAFLD poses a public health issue because it may progress to NASH and subsequently to cirrhosis [1]. Currently, NASH cirrhosis is going to be the second most common cause for chronic liver disease in adult patients awaiting transplantation [2]. There is evidence that its prevalence is also increasing in children which creates an urgent need to identify patients with NAFLD and intervene early.
Gallbladder Hypoplasia Treated by Laparoscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Serrats Víctor
Published: February 2021

The gallbladder hypoplasia is a rare congenital anomaly. We present a case of a 38-year-old man who was referred to us for surgical management of gallbladder disease. The patient presented abdominal pain compatible with repeating biliary colic as the first clinical manifestation. Preoperatively, the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography imaging was useful to study thoroughly the biliary tract in order to avoid any iatrogenic injury. Intraoperatively, laparoscopy revealed a rudimentary gallbladder and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hypoplasic gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successful and the patient did not present abdominal pain again.
Cytokine flames of COVID-19
Authors: Siddiq Ahmed
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is leaving clinicians and scientists baffled with its clinical presentation spectrum ranging from completely asymptomatic patients with complete and smooth recovery to fatal outcomes in apparently healthy, young and immunocompetent individuals within days even with the support of most advanced healthcare staff and logistic facilities
With advances in information Technology can we Minimise errors in Histopathology?
Authors: Rashid Mustafa , Rashid Majid , Thompson Ian
Published: February 2021

Accurate patient identification is key to ensure the correct administration of therapies. Mix-up of patients’identification and lack of a failsafe system remain common factors in producing erroneous pathology reports or giving the wrong treatment to patients with potential serious ramifications. This paper illustrates the importance of accurate patients’ identification and appropriate action by the clinicians on histology reports. We document 5 cases in which mistakes happened with variable consequences despite robust clinical and laboratory safety measures.
Directions of improvement of legal regulation of carrying out by the National Police units of operational-search measure «Getting acquainted with financial and economic activity of enterprises»
Authors: Kapustnyk Volovymyr
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of directions of improvement of legal regulation of carrying out operative-search measure "familiarization with financial and economic activity of enterprises" by units of the National police. It is established that today there is a lack of thorough research on the directions of improving the legal grounds for conducting an operative-search event "familiarization with the financial and economic activity of enterprises" by units of the National Police. It is established that familiarization with the financial and economic activity of enterprises is one of the main and effective mechanisms for obtaining and verifying primary information about abuse in the economic and official sphere, which is used by many law enforcement and controlling bodies of the state. However, to date, the said operative-search measure cannot be used to the full extent by the units of the National Police, since the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Operational-Investigative Activity” contain separate legislative conflicts and contradictions. It is proved that the interpretation of the existing rule governing the introduction of financial and economic activity of enterprises leads to legal conflict, since it is not clear how the said measure will be carried out for suspected of committing a crime, since in this case criminal proceedings should already be opened, and after its opening, the search operations are terminated. It is established that today the legislator has sufficiently enshrined the issue of familiarization with the financial and economic activity of enterprises, however, in the normative legal acts, insufficient attention is paid to the interpretation of the law regarding familiarization with the financial and economic activity of enterprises. It has been proposed to adopt the Instruction on the Organization and Conduct of Familiarity with Financial and Economic Activities of Enterprises, as well as to introduce responsibility for non-compliance with the legal requirements of officials of the National Police of Ukraine.
Signs of subjective part of offenses related to the use of authority. Concept of «quasi-corrupt crime»
Authors: Andrieshin Vladyslav
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the analyze of the characteristics of the subjective side of the offenses related to the use of authority, and attention is paid to their specificity. In particular, substantive features, forms and volume of wine, purpose orientation and determining influence of motives of these crimes are investigated. Criminal misuses by officials are characterized by actions that can be committed only intentionally, and in most cases the intent is straightforward. Mental attitude to socially dangerous consequences in these crimes can be both intentional and careless. Purpose and motive, depending on the articles formation, are mandatory for separate crimes. In most cases, the purpose of these crimes is to gain wrongful advantage (bribe), and the motive is selfish. Each time for the correct criminal qualification we need to establish a mental attitude of official to all signs of the crime – install the volume of wine. Also, the author proposes to use the concept of "quasi-corrupt crime" in the theory. The author suggests that this is the fraud which includes all its general characteristics. Its specificity is that under certain circumstances it takes on conditional and superficial properties of a corruption offense. However, essentially it is not a corruption offense. In such case, corruptive character is provided through fraud in the misuse of powers or promotion of abuse, which does not actually occur and cannot be embodied in future. And the guilty person must be fully aware of all this. Attention is also paied to the problematic aspects of law enforcement practice and ways to solve them are suggested. Also, the author notes on the inability to prosecute twice, that becomes a violation of «ne bis in idem» principle, which is fixed in Article 4 of Protocol 7 of Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Actor of illegal influence on results of official sports competitions
Authors: Anisimov Dmytro
Published: February 2021

In the article based on the analysis of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of the Impact of Corruption Offenses on the Results of Official Sports Competitions" No. 743-VIII of November 03, 2015, the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Some Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Implementation of the Liberalization Action Plan European Union Visa Regime for Ukraine concerning Liability of Legal Entities »No 314-VII of May 23, 2013, the subject of illegal influence on the results of official sports competitions was conducted. Publications in the media are a promising source of information in the detection of crimes in the field of physical culture and sports. The article investigated some of the available crime reports on the Internet, which suggest that the results of official sports events will be unlawfully affected. For the first time, the article proposes to provide for criminal-law measures against legal entities as the responsibility for unlawful influence on the results of official sports competitions. According to the results of the study, it is established that the subject of the crime under Part 1 and Part 2 of Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine may be a general actor: a natural convicted person who, at the time of committing the crime, was sixteen years of age, and under Part 3 of Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine – a special actor, namely: athlete - an individual who systematically engages in a certain type (s) of sport recognized in Ukraine and participates in sports events; Personnel of auxiliary sports personnel - any coach, mentor, manager, agent, team worker, team official, medical and other personnel who serve or treat athletes who participate or prepare for sports competitions; sports official - owner, shareholder, manager or employee of a legal entity that organizes and facilitates sports competitions, as well as persons authorized to hold official sports events, executives and employees of an international sports organization, other competent sports organizations that recognize the competition. In order to ensure the unity of terminology, it is proposed to exclude the word "directly" from Part 2 of Art. 6 of the Law of Ukraine “On Preventing the Impact of Corruption Offenses on the Results of Official Sports Competitions”. In a note to Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, replace the word "subject" with "subjects", or separate part 3 of Art. 369-3 in a separate article to minimize confusion. Due to the fact that the legal influence on the results of official sports competitions can be made by legal entities, it is proposed to add Art. 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to the list of articles for which according to Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine may apply measures of a criminal nature.
Ways of committing crime in tourist industry
Authors: Vengerova Yuliya
Published: February 2021

It has been emphasized that, in connection with the development of tourism, cases of offenses related to tourism activity or committed under the guise of tourism have increased. At the same time, criminal activities in the field of tourist activity can be committed both by the real subjects of tourist activity, as well as by fictitious enterprises, as well as by persons who accompany the agreements on tourist services. Without knowledge of law enforcement agencies about the main means by which crimes of this kind are committed, success is not always possible, since investigation under such conditions is carried out in conditions of information failure. The article deals with research of scientists' views on the concept and structural elements of ways of committing a crime, considering the forensically significant features of ways of committing crimes in the sphere of tourist activity. The author proves that the ways of committing crimes in the sphere of tourist activity have a complete structure and consist of actions for preparation, direct commission and concealment aimed at achieving a single result. The author has emphasized that, in order to create the conditions necessary for the smooth open-ing of the tourist business, the subjects of tourist activity often go against the law, violating a number of criminal laws, involving in this chain the lawlessness of officials and persons who provide public services, which capable of making unlawful decisions and facilitating unlawful acts. The fttention has been paid to description of ways, to find out their peculiarities, to determine the factors that influence their formation, on the basis of which they are systematized. All types of criminal activities perpetrated in the sphere of tourist activity are divided into three groups: 1) methods of action related to creating the conditions necessary for the smooth opening of the tourist business; 2) unlawful actions related to the pursuit of the successful operation of tourism activities and the acquisition of surplus profits; 3) actions taken under the guise of tourism.
Legal regime of employment activity abroad and its impact on the crime situation
Authors: Pavlik Mykola
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the legislative regulation of activity on employment abroad, analyzes a number of normative acts of both domestic and international character for traveling abroad for the purpose of employment. It is emphasized that, due to radical changes in the economy, radical changes have recently taken place in the society, which have led to a reduction in labor force and a decrease in the incomes of the population. Not having the opportunity to find a job in Ukraine that meets the qualifications and provides sufficient wages, a large part of the population constantly migrates in search of a better life and high-paying work abroad, and every year the scale of labor migration increases. At the same time, various illegal acts by unscrupulous entities began to take place, along with civil-law relations in the area of employment abroad. It is emphasized that the situation and conditions of committing crimes in the field of employment abroad cannot be considered without taking into account the socio-economic and legal aspects, the legal provision of activity in the field of employment abroad and the status of the subjects related to such activity. It is noted that the basic labor rights of employees both within the territory of Ukraine and abroad are protected by the Law of Ukraine "On Labor", the Constitution of Ukraine and other legislative acts. At the same time, in today's difficult socio-economic conditions, when Ukrainians are traveling abroad for employment, international regulations on the protection and protection of interests of Ukrainian workers come to the fore. It is emphasized that the processes of international labor migration are often linked to illegal and criminal activity, which causes enormous damage not only to migrants but also to the states, and the types of criminal acts in the field of employment are considered. The influence of the legal regime on the crime scene is determined. It is argued that the situation of committing crimes in the sphere of employment abroad includes spatial-temporal, socio-economic, and socio-psychological factors that influence the election of subjects of time, place and certain mechanism of criminal actions.
Totalitarian educational practices of the 20-30s of the XX century: from prerequisites to consequences
Authors: Marchenko Olena
Published: February 2021

Based on the generalization of socio-cultural factors of social development in the period from 1918 to the mid-30s of the twentieth century and formed at that time educational models, values, ideals and worldviews revealed the essential features and main trends of the national educational space in totalitarianism. The semantic and structural features of the educational space in the 20-30s of the XX century have been analyzed, the general philosophical and sociocultural determinants of system transformations in all its dimensions have been substantiated. In particular, the consequences of unjustified, from the point of view of educational needs and available educational potential, expansion of territorial-subject dimension have been shown, when the increase in the number of educational institutions with new names did not give their actual growth and semantic diversification. Based on the analysis of party and government documents related to the problems of education, as well as philosophical and pedagogical works of this period revealed the specifics of the deployment of sign-symbolic dimension of educational space, which was to level the natural process of metatext, instead - artificial planting of texts with strong ideological direction. In the public consciousness, and hence in the textual space, there was a devaluation of established categories (personality, individuality, society, etc.), at the same time such concepts as "class", "team", "idea" gained weight. Collectivism, solidarity of interests and the priority of the collective over the individual, discipline and subordination over free will have been asserted. Significant changes have been established in the subjective dimension of the educational space: the idea of the inseparability of an exceptional, unique personality from society is gradually transformed into an indisputable statement about the "merger" of man with society by abandoning his/her own individuality. As a result, there was a shift of the individual to the denominator of the social, which from an important attributive characteristic of the individual has become the main goal, determinant and regulator of his/her life. And the recognition of the external determinism of all human actions has led to the "compression" of the educational space in its subjective dimension to the size of the environment.
Protection of human rights violated by cybercrimes in global information
Authors: Rzayeva Gulnaz
Published: February 2021

Changing and developing world outlook in modern society also has an impact on illegal behavior. As traditional methods do not meet the requirements of the time, ICTs are increasingly being used as a new method and tool for violating human rights and committing different offences. This also requires strengthening the fight against cybercrimes. In the article were put forward suggestions and recommenda-tions for the development of human rights protection mechanisms that have been violated by cybercrimes in the global information society.
Social security of war and military conflicts veterans in in the states of the Romano-Germanic legal family (on the example of France and Germany)
Authors: Nedrya Kyrylo
Published: February 2021

In this article, we analyze the history of the formation and development of the system of providing social and legal guarantees to participants of hostilities in the example of France and Germany, from 1914 to the present time. These countries were selected as key representatives of the Romano-German legal system. In addition, the experience of these countries is quite interesting in terms of the traditions of protection of war veterans, as well as the success of the state and society in this direction, which is an indication of the absence of any conflicts around this and social tension in particular. This situation is not a coincidence, since both France and Germany have a great military history, as former colonial empires, as well as states that can be considered the founders of modern armies of the world, and therefore the social protection of the mili-tary. The intensity of military campaigns and wars has contributed to a steadily high level of disability in families and families who have lost a breadwinner, which also required a solution, as well as a system of government and state support. The history of these countries in the twentieth century was also an exception, defining for them the status of opponents and key participants in the two world wars, as well as par-ticipation in the further formation of the world order (including military methods). They are still active, continuing to participate in NATO and UN peacekeeping operations, making their experience and evolution of the state support system for veterans constantly relevant.
Regulatory guarantees of the internally displaced person’s rights and freedom
Authors: Orieshkova Alina
Published: February 2021

The state cannot be considered democratic, social and legal in the absence of normative legal guarantees that ensure the unimpeded realization of the rights, freedoms and interests of a person and a citizen, including internally displaced persons, and in case of their violation, protection and restoration. Encountered in 2014 with military aggression, the occupation of part of Ukraine, the authorities faced not only the problem of internal forced migration, but also the need to create effective safeguards for the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons, in particular, regulatory and legal ones. It is highlighted that in the context of ensuring the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons, one of the issues of discussion is the correlation of international and national law, which requires doctrinal study. After analyzing the correlation between international and national law, it is noted that in Ukraine superiority is given to the monistic theory, which is characterized by preservation of the supremacy of the basic law of the state, with the recognition of the priority of international law over the national one. It is stressed that the norms of international and national legal acts on protection and assistance to internally displaced persons provide an opportunity to ensure the effective functioning of public authorities and local self-government bodies for the protection and support of such a category of persons as IDP. It is noted that normative-legal regulation in the field of protection of rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons is characterized by imperfection and imbalance in various aspects of public life. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of international and national normative legal acts in the field of ensuring the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons, author’s classification is given. The advantages of classification of normative legal acts in the context of ensuring the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons are noted.
Pentingnya Keterampilan Belajar di Abad 21 sebagai Tuntutan dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia
Authors: Rifa Hanifa Mardhiyah  , Sekar Nurul Fajriyah Aldriani  , Febyana Chitta  , Muhamad Rizal Zulfikar
Published: February 2021

Abad 21 berpusat pada perkembangan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 yang mengedepankan pengetahuan sebagai tombak utama. Namun, dengan pengetahuan saja tidak cukup untuk mewujudkan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, karena perlu adanya keseimbangan antara pengetahuan dengan keterampilan sebagai dasar dari sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas pada perkembangan zaman. Mengasah keterampilan melalui pembiasaan diri dan pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dalam berbagai macam hal yang didasari oleh pengetahuan. Pembelajaran abad ke 21 diharapkan dapat membuka lebih lebar kesempatan kerja dan memperluas lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat Indonesia sebagai sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan unggul.  Untuk membentuk sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, maka dibutuhkan tenaga pendidik yang siap mengajar dan mendidik melalui pembelajaran abad 21 yang tentunya diharuskan relevan dengan perkembangan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keterampilan belajar yang akan dibutuhkan pada pembelajaran abad 21, dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan berupa studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran abad 21 berorientasikan kepada kegiatan untuk melatih keterampilan peserta didik dengan mengarah pada proses pembelajaran. Pembelajaran abad 21 berfokus pada student center dengan tujuan untuk memberikan peserta didik keterampilan berpikir diantara lain: (1) berpikir kritis, (2) memecahkan masalah, (3) metakognisi, (4) berkomunikasi, (5) berkolaborasi, (6) inovasi dan kreatif, (7) literasi informasi. Oleh sebab itu diharapkan pendidikan dapat menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dalam bidang teknologi informasi dan juga aspek kemanusiaan karena pembelajaran abad 21 lebih mengintegrasikan terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) pada Materi Prosedur Penyimpanan Arsip
Authors: Lifa Farida Panduwinata  , Ruri Nurul Aeni Wulandari  , Mokhammad Nurrudin Zanky
Published: February 2021

Informasi menjadi salah satu kebutuhan yang mendasar dan sumber pengetahuan bagi setiap orang di era modernisasi seperti saat ini dan arsip merupakan salah satu sumber informasi. Fungsi kearsipan menjadi semakin penting pada saat ini karena arsip merupakan alat bukti akuntabilitas sebuah organisasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, selama ini yang terjadi dilapangan peserta didik mengalamai kesulitan dalam memahami materi prosedur penyimpanan arsip. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggabungkan Augmented Reality (AR) ke dalam proses pembelajaran sebagai media pembelajaran, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar kepada peserta didik tentang konsep atau gagasan abstrak yang mungkin sulit dipahami oleh peserta didik. Dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran ini diharapkan peserta didik akan lebih mudah memahami prosedur penyimpanan arsip. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran ini adalah  Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) yang bersumber dari Luther dan  sudah  dimodifikasi  oleh  Sutopo. Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) diawali dengan pembuatan konsep, pembuatan desain, pembuatan video animasi, dan pengujian media terkait dengan kemampuan kamera telepon pintar mendeteksi overlays. Berdasarkan hasil pengembangan dan pengujian terhadap media pembelajaran berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) pada materi prosedur penyimpanan arsip dapat dikatakan berhasil. Hal ini sesuai dengan yang diharapkan yaitu untuk mempertajam pengetahuan peserta didik dalam memahami prosedur penyimpanan arip sehingga lebih mudah dalam mempraktikkan sistem penyimpanan arsip.
Shenfu injection improves cerebral microcirculation and reduces brain injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Wu Junyuan , Li Zhiwei , Yuan Wei , Zhang Qiang , Liang Yong , Zhang Mingqing , Qin Hongjie , Li Chunsheng
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Shenfu injection (SFI) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which has been clinically used for treatment of septic shock and cardiac shock. The aim of this study was to clarify effects of SFI on cerebral microcirculation and brain injury after hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS: Twenty-one domestic male Beijing Landrace pigs were randomly divided into three groups: SFI group (SFI, n = 8), saline group (SA, n = 8) or sham operation group (SO, n = 5). In the SFI group, animals were induced to HS by rapid bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg within 10 minutes and maintained at 40±3 mmHg for 60 minutes. Volume resuscitation (shed blood and crystalloid) and SFI were given after 1 hour of HS. In the SA group, animals received the same dose of saline instead of SFI. In the SO group, the same surgical procedure was performed but without inducing HS and volume resuscitation. The cerebral microvascular flow index (MFI), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, aquaporin-4 expression, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ultrastructural of microvascular endothelia were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the SA group, SFI significantly improved cerebral MFI after HS. SFI up regulated cerebral endothelial NOS expression, but down regulated interleukin-6, TNF-α, inducible NOS and aquaporin-4 expression compared with the SA group. The cerebral microvascular endothelial injury and interstitial edema in the SFI group were lighter than those in the SA group. CONCLUSIONS: Combined application of SFI with volume resuscitation after HS can improve cerebral microcirculation and reduce brain injury.
Modelo de baixo custo para aprendizagem de consistências à palpação no exame físico geral veterinário
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Ulanin Mariana , Pereira Tainah Godzinski ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paula Juliana Silva Morais de ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Costa Bruna Natali da ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Stedile Simone Tostes de Oliveira ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná
Published: February 2021

Palpation is a method that is part of the physical examination in veterinary routine, in which there are different types of consistency, such as hard, firm, soft, smooth, fluctuating and crackling. The aim of this study was the confection of a teaching model for consistencies palpation. It was used low cost and easily acquisition materials, as latex balloons filled by different materials (plaster, silicone, water, stones and flour) and uncoated steel wool. The filled balloons and steel wool were placed on a MDF board and covered with fabric. The model was validated by 29 veterinary doctors, including professors and residents. The model was evaluated positively by the majority of professionals.
Evaluation of L-fucose and Sialic Acid Levels in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Control Subject
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Abbasinatajomrani Roya , Qujeq Durdi ,   Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Hosseini Vahid ,   Gut and Liver Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Hajihosseini Reza ,   Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Currently, glycans, which are known as functional molecules in the biological system, are being under study as potential cancer markers. This study aimed to determine the level of serum L-fucose and sialic acid as the biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: The patients with CRC (n=40, 20 men and 20 women) participated in the present study. The spectrophotometric method was used to measure the levels of L-fucose and sialic acid in the serum of the patients. SPSS (version 21) was used to analyze the obtained data. The results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: The mean ± SD L-fucose level in patients with CRC was 27.46 ± 4.8 ng/mL, which was more than this level in the healthy control group (18.64±3.1 ng/mL). Also, the mean ± SD serum concentration of sialic acid in patients with CRC was 2.1 ± 0.41 ng/mL, which was more than the mean ± SD sialic acid level of 1.23±0.21 ng/mL in the healthy controls. Conclusion: Serum concentration of L-fucose and sialic acid increased significantly (P < 0.05) in patients with CRC compared with the healthy controls. We believe that determining serum L-fucose and sialic acid levels could be useful for the detection of CRC patients in the early stage.
Anticancer Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF7 and the Evaluation of Bax and Bak Genes Expression Involved in Apoptosis
Authors:   Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran., Khalafi Amir , Moradian Fatemeh ,   Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran., Rafiei Alireza ,   Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background: Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein with antimicrobial, antioxidant, immune-modulating, antiviral, and most importantly anticancer properties. In the present study, the effect of lactoferrin on breast cancer cell growth and the expression of Bax and Bak genes are evaluated. Materials and Methods: MCF7 cells were cultured in a 96-well plate with 1×105 cells in each well. Different lactoferrin concentrations of 0, 50, 300, 600, and 800 μg/mL were added to each well in three replicates and the well was incubated for 24 hours. After treatment, cell survival was measured using the MTT assay. To determine the level of expression of Bax and Bak genes, the cells were treated with lactoferrin concentrations of 0, 50, and 800 μg/mL in 2 replicates for 24 hours. Then RNA extraction was performed and cDNA was synthesized immediately and the expression of the genes in the presence of beta-actin reference gene and cyber-green fluorescence color was investigated with real-time reactions. Results: The cells viability in lactoferrin concentrations of 0, 50, 300, 500 and 800 μg/μL were 100%, 94%, 83%, 62%, and 32%, respectively. The expression level of the Bax gene at a concentration of 50 μg increased by 2.71 times and in 800 μg concentration decreased by 0.88 times. Also, the expression level of the Bak gene at concentrations of 50 and 800 μg increased by 1.23 and 1.0 fold, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that the expression levels of two genes at a concentration of 50 μg/mL of lactoferrin significantly increased (P<0.01), compared to the control. The significance level in this study was set at < 0.05. Conclusion: In this study, lactoferrin showed a growth inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells and increased the expression of Bax and Bak genes involved in apoptosis at a concentration of 50 µg/mL.