bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MCPIP1 Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Negatively Regulates Virus-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses
Authors: Lin Ren-Jye , Chu Jan-Show , Chien Hsu-Ling , Tseng Chung-Hsin , Ko Pin-Chen , Mei Yung-Yu , Tang Wei-Chun , Kao Yu-Ting , Cheng Hui-Ying , Liang Yu-Chih , Lin Shyr-Yi
Published: September 2014

Human MCP-1–induced protein 1 (MCPIP1, also known as ZC3H12A and Regnase-1) plays important roles in negatively regulating the cellular inflammatory response. Recently, we found that as an RNase, MCPIP1 has broad-spectrum antiviral effects by targeting viral RNA. In this study, we demonstrated that MCPIP1 expression was induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Huh7.5 hepatoma cells. MCPIP1 expression was higher in liver tissue from patients with chronic HCV infection compared with those without chronic HCV infection. Knockdown of MCPIP1 increased HCV replication and HCV-mediated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. However, overexpression of MCPIP1 significantly inhibited HCV replication and HCV-mediated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Various mutants of functional domains of MCPIP1 showed disruption of the RNA binding and oligomerization abilities, as well as RNase activity, but not deubiquitinase activity, which impaired the inhibitory activity against HCV replication. On immunocytochemistry, MCPIP1 colocalized with HCV RNA. Use of a replication-defective HCV John Cunningham 1/AAG mutant and in vitro RNA cleavage assay demonstrated that MCPIP1 could directly degrade HCV RNA. MCPIP1 may suppress HCV replication and HCV-mediated proinflammatory responses with infection, which might contribute to the regulation of host defense against the infection and virus-induced inflammation.
IL-33 Is an Unconventional Alarmin That Stimulates IL-2 Secretion by Dendritic Cells To Selectively Expand IL-33R/ST2+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Matta Benjamin M. , Lott Jeremy M. , Mathews Lisa R. , Liu Quan , Rosborough Brian R. , Blazar Bruce R. , Turnquist Hēth R.
Published: September 2014

IL-33 is a recently characterized IL-1 family member that is proposed to function as an alarmin, or endogenous signal of cellular damage, as well as act as a pleiotropic cytokine. The ability of IL-33 to potentiate both Th1 and Th2 immunity supports its role in pathogen clearance and disease immunopathology. Yet, IL-33 restrains experimental colitis and transplant rejection by expanding regulatory T cells (Treg) via an undefined mechanism. We sought to determine the influence of IL-33 on hematopoietic cells that drives Treg expansion and underlies the therapeutic benefit of IL-33 administration. In this study, we identify a feedback loop in which conventional mouse CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) stimulated by IL-33 secrete IL-2 to selectively expand IL-33R(ST2+)– suppressive CD4+Foxp3+ Treg. Interestingly, this occurs in the absence of classical DC maturation, and DC-derived (innate) IL-2 increases ST2 expression on both DC and interacting Treg. ST2+ Treg represent an activated subset of Foxp3+ cells, demonstrated to be ICOShighCD44high compared with their ST2− counterparts. Furthermore, although studies have shown that IL-33–exposed DC promote Th2 responses, we reveal that ST2+ DC are required for IL-33–mediated in vitro and in vivo Treg expansion. Thus, we have uncovered a relationship between IL-33 and innate IL-2 that promotes the selective expansion of ST2+ Treg over non-Treg. These findings identify a novel regulatory pathway driven by IL-33 in immune cells that may be harnessed for therapeutic benefit or for robust expansion of Treg in vitro and in vivo.
Long-Acting Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Varol Chen , Zvibel Isabel , Spektor Lior , Mantelmacher Fernanda Dana , Vugman Milena , Thurm Tamar , Khatib Marian , Elmaliah Elinor , Halpern Zamir , Fishman Sigal
Published: September 2014

Obesity induces low-grade chronic inflammation, manifested by proinflammatory polarization of adipose tissue innate and adaptive resident and recruited immune cells that contribute to insulin resistance (IR). The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that mediates postprandial insulin secretion and has anabolic effects on the adipose tissue. Importantly, recent evidence suggested that GIP is a potential suppressor of inflammation in several metabolic models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory role of GIP in a murine model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) using the long-acting GIP analog [d-Ala2]GIP. Administration of [d-Ala2]GIP resulted in adipocytes of increased size, increased levels of adipose tissue lipid droplet proteins, indicating better lipid storage capacity, and reduced adipose tissue inflammation. Flow cytometry analysis revealed reduced numbers of inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes and F4/80hiCD11c+ macrophages, associated with IR. In addition, [d-Ala2]GIP reduced adipose tissue infiltration of IFN-γ–producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, [d-Ala2]GIP treatment induced a favorable adipose tissue adipokine profile, manifested by a prominent reduction in key inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL8, and CCL5) and an increase in adiponectin. Notably, [d-Ala2]GIP also reduced the numbers of circulating neutrophils and proinflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in mice fed regular chow or a high-fat diet. Finally, the beneficial immune-associated effects were accompanied by amelioration of IR and improved insulin signaling in liver and adipose tissue. Collectively, our results describe key beneficial immunoregulatory properties for GIP in DIO and reveal that its augmentation ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and improves IR.
IFN-Stimulated Gene LY6E in Monocytes Regulates the CD14/TLR4 Pathway but Inadequately Restrains the Hyperactivation of Monocytes during Chronic HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Xu Xuan , Qiu Chao , Zhu Lingyan , Huang Jun , Li Lishuang , Fu Weihui , Zhang Linxia , Wei Jun , Wang Ying , Geng Yunqi , Zhang Xiaoyan , Qiao Wentao , Xu Jianqing
Published: September 2014

Owing to ongoing recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, immune activation and upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are sustained in the chronically infected host. Albeit most ISGs are important effectors for containing viral replication, some might exert compensatory immune suppression to limit pathological dysfunctions, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we report that the ISG lymphocyte Ag 6 complex, locus E (LY6E) is a negative immune regulator of monocytes. LY6E in monocytes negatively modulated CD14 expression and subsequently dampened the responsiveness to LPS stimulation in vitro. In the setting of chronic HIV infection, the upregulation of LY6E was correlated with reduced CD14 level on monocytes; however, the immunosuppressive effect of LY6E was not adequate to remedy the hyperresponsiveness of activated monocytes. Taken together, the regulatory LY6E pathway in monocytes represents one of negative feedback mechanisms that counterbalance monocyte activation, which might be caused by LPS translocation through the compromised gastrointestinal tract during persistent HIV-1 infection and may serve as a potential target for immune intervention.
Dynamic Stability of a Helicopter with an External Suspended Load
Authors: Guglieri Giorgio , Marguerettaz Paolo
Published: September 2014

A simplified but comprehensive model for helicopter and external suspended load, based on the linear superposition of effects, is defined. The coherence of the external load modal response and of the helicopter response to control input is verified through available reference data.
Finally, the impact of the slung load on the overall system dynamic stability, on the helicopter response to control input, and on flight qualities is assessed.
La presencia e impacto de las universidades de los países andinos en las redes sociales digitales
Authors: Campos Freire Francisco , Rivera Rogel Diana , Rodríguez Hidalgo Claudia
Published: September 2014

Introducción. Esta investigación analiza la presencia e impacto de 165 universidades de los cuatro países andinos (Colombia, Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia) en las principales redes sociales digitales de investigadores (Researchgate.net y Academia.edu) para comprobar el uso y penetración de estas nuevas herramientas de comunicación, colaboración e interacción científica, que incorporan también otras categorías de ranking de reputación y sistemas de relaciones que amplían los ámbitos tradicionales de los colegios visibles e invisibles de circulación de la ciencia. Metodología. Se emplean técnicas de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo así como investigación y análisis de redes sociales (ARS). Resultados. La presencia e impacto de las universidades andinas en las redes sociales digitales es desigual, aunque emergente y creciente, pero aún divergente con respecto a los resultados registrados en otros rankings universitarios internacionales de más amplia tradición. Discusión y conclusiones. Las redes digitales científicas y sus herramientas tecnosociales (Web 2.0 y 3.0) son ecosistemas digitales convergentes de servicios de software, repositorios y plataformas de comunicación abiertas en red que permiten a los investigadores crear un perfil académico y profesional dentro de un ámbito específico de divulgación e intercambio de conocimiento; establecer listas de usuarios relacionados dentro de una o varias especializaciones científicas para seguimiento o compartir contactos, proyectos, documentos, apuntes, colaboraciones e investigaciones; realizar networking; poder acceder, consultar en línea y/o descargar referencias y producciones científicas disponibles; y gestionar el valor cuantitativo y cualitativo (capital social científico) de las citas, interacciones, popularidad, índices de impacto e información sobre el seguimiento de las publicaciones propias y ajenas. Sus nuevas métricas correlacionanmoderadamente con las de otros rankings en los principales sistemas universitarios y científicos, pero aún resultan débiles en los ámbitos de los países emergentes y no anglosajones. El reto de las universidades de esos países y también de las nuevas redes digitales científicas –que emergen a partir de 2007/08– es gestionar la eficiencia y reconocimiento de su reputación.
Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art
Authors: Gauba Krishan , Goyal Ashima , Kapur Aditi , Mittal Neeti
Published: September 2014

The practice of the pediatric dental sedation has evolved continuously during the past few decades. Newer agents continuously seem to replace older agents and the pediatric dentists need to update themselves timely to efficiently administer sedation to their young and anxious patients. The practice and the research of pediatric dental sedation is very diverse throughout the world. In this paper, we attempt to review the diversity of pediatric dental sedation research through a systematic review. Further, we review the pharmacopoeia of pediatric dental sedation with brief description of commonly used agents. We also touch upon evolution of pediatric dental sedation guidelines in different countries and international variation in pediatric dental sedation practice. Lastly, we review the future perspective of research pertaining to field of pediatric dental sedation research.

How to cite this article

Mittal N, Gauba K, Goyal A, Kapur A. Pediatric Dental Sedation Practice: Evolution and Current State-of-the-Art. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):139-147.
Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hematoma
Authors: Agrawal Amit
Published: September 2014

Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is characterized as a hemorrhagic lesion located in the basal ganglia or in internal capsule or thalamus. Outcome of TBGH is mainly determined by the extent of associated brain injuries particularly the larger the size, presence of coagulation disorders, diffuse, presence of intraventricular or brain stem hemorrhage, age ≥60, pupillary asymmetry, abnormal motor response, and severe head injury all are associated with poorer outcome. In present case, we discuss a case of adult male traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage with good outcome.

How to cite this article

Agrawal A. Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hematoma. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(3):154-156.
Seasonality of halogen deposition in polar snow and ice
Authors: Spolaor A. , Vallelonga P. , Gabrieli J. , Martma T. , Björkman M. P. , Isaksson E. , Cozzi G. , Turetta C. , Kjær H. A. , Curran M. A. J. , Moy A. D. , Schönhardt A. , Blechschmidt A.-M. , Burrows J. P. , Plane J. M. C. , Barbante C.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of iodine and bromine in Polar regions is of interest due to the key role of halogens in many atmospheric processes, particularly tropospheric ozone destruction. Bromine is emitted from the open ocean but is enriched above first-year sea ice during springtime bromine explosion events, whereas iodine emission is attributed to biological communities in the open ocean and hosted by sea ice. It has been previously demonstrated that bromine and iodine are present in Antarctic ice over glacial–interglacial cycles. Here we investigate seasonal variability of bromine and iodine in polar snow and ice, to evaluate their emission, transport and deposition in Antarctica and the Arctic and better understand potential links to sea ice. We find that bromine and iodine concentrations and Br enrichment (relative to sea salt content) in polar ice do vary seasonally in Arctic snow and Antarctic ice. Although seasonal variability in halogen emission sources is recorded by satellite-based observations of tropospheric halogen concentrations, seasonal patterns observed in snowpack are likely also influenced by photolysis-driven processes. Peaks of bromine concentration and Br enrichment in Arctic snow and Antarctic ice occur in spring and summer, when sunlight is present. A secondary bromine peak, observed at the end of summer, is attributed to bromine deposition at the end of the polar day. Iodine concentrations are largest in winter Antarctic ice strata, contrary to contemporary observations of summer maxima in iodine emissions. These findings support previous observations of iodine peaks in winter snow strata attributed to the absence of sunlight-driven photolytic re-mobilisation of iodine from surface snow. Further investigation is required to confirm these proposed mechanisms explaining observations of halogens in polar snow and ice, and to evaluate the extent to which halogens may be applied as sea ice proxies.
Marine submicron aerosol sources, sinks and chemical fluxes
Authors: Ceburnis D. , Rinaldi M. , Keane-Brennan J. , Ovadnevaite J. , Martucci G. , Giulianelli L. , O'Dowd C. D.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The objectives of the study were to quantify seasonality in aerosol physico-chemical fluxes over NE Atlantic waters through the parallel deployment of micrometeorological eddy covariance flux system and an aerosol chemistry gradient sampling system. Fluxes of primary components (sea salt, water insoluble organic carbon and a combined sea spray) and secondary aerosol components (nitrate, ammonium, oxalate, amines, methanesulfonic acid and water soluble organic nitrogen) are presented in the context of seasonal marine aerosol sources and sinks. A strong power law relationship between fluxes and wind speed has been obtained not only for primary sea salt and sea spray, but also for secondary water soluble organic matter. The power law relationship between sea salt flux (FSSS) and 10 m height wind speed (U10) (FSSS=0.0011U103.15) compared very well with existing parameterisations using different approaches.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from 40 lakes along a north–south latitudinal transect in Alaska
Authors: Sepulveda-Jauregui A. , Walter Anthony K. M. , Martinez-Cruz K. , Greene S. , Thalasso F.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Uncertainties in the magnitude and seasonality of various gas emission modes, particularly among different lake types, limit our ability to estimate methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from northern lakes. Here we assessed the relationship between CH4 and CO2 emission modes in 40 lakes along a latitudinal transect in Alaska to physicochemical limnology and geographic characteristics, including permafrost soil type surrounding lakes. Emission modes included Direct Ebullition, Diffusion, Storage flux, and a newly identified Ice-Bubble Storage (IBS) flux. We found that all lakes were net sources of atmospheric CH4 and CO2, but the climate warming impact of lake CH4 emissions was two times higher than that of CO2. Ebullition and Diffusion were the dominant modes of CH4 and CO2 emissions respectively. IBS, ~ 10% of total annual CH4 emissions, is the release to the atmosphere of seasonally ice-trapped bubbles when lake ice confining bubbles begins to melt in spring. IBS, which has not been explicitly accounted for in regional studies, increased the estimate of springtime emissions from our study lakes by 320%. Geographically, CH4 emissions from stratified, dystrophic interior Alaska thermokarst (thaw) lakes formed in icy, organic-rich yedoma permafrost soils were 6-fold higher than from non-yedoma lakes throughout the rest of Alaska. Total CH4 emission was correlated with concentrations of phosphate and total nitrogen in lake water, Secchi depth and lake area, with yedoma lakes having higher nutrient concentrations, shallower Secchi depth, and smaller lake areas. Our findings suggest that permafrost type plays important roles in determining CH4 emissions from lakes by both supplying organic matter to methanogenesis directly from thawing permafrost and by enhancing nutrient availability to primary production, which can also fuel decomposition and methanogenesis.
Insights from the New Zealand Experience of Farmer First Research
Authors: Reid Janet , Brazendale Rob
Published: September 2014

The Farmer First Research (FFR) programme was established at Massey University in 1991 and ended in 1996. It represented a fundamental shift in how agricultural research priorities were set and implemented. Farmers' needs and circumstances were central to defining research priorities, and the active involvement of farmers was pivotal. In 2012, the New Zealand government invested significantly in the Primary Innovation (PI) project, the aims of which were similar to those of the FFR programme. This paper critically reflects on the FFR programme and highlights lessons to inform the PI project. The authors argue that poor actor engagement and limited broader legitimacy and support have constrained the programme's influence on sustained change in the innovation system that prevailed at the time. Also highlighted is the critical importance of actors and interactions when a programme that seeks institutional and infrastructural change is being established and developed.
Why Innovation is Not Always Good: Innovation Discourses and Political Accountability
Authors: Crivits M. , de Krom Michiel P.M.M. , Dessein J. , Block T.
Published: September 2014

Innovation is rarely considered a point of contention in agriculture. It invariably seems to denote some type of intrinsically desired newness associated with effective commercialization of a new technology, idea or organizational form. However, once innovation is considered as something happening within a network or ‘system’ of interdependent actors, it becomes clear that different interpretations and appropriations of innovation are co-evolving in a competitive framework. Although the authors acknowledge the importance of collective learning processes as a basis for overcoming barriers to innovation in networks, they caution that such a view of innovation insufficiently conceptualizes the role of power. To gain insight into how more inclusive innovation processes can be built, the authors evaluate how farmers' interests can be articulated and how innovation networks can be held accountable to ensure fair representation of the diversity of farmers' views. They propose a framework anchored in deliberative democratic theory that attributes significant transformative power to deliberation in decision making. The framework is based on the concept of ‘discursive accountability’, in which representation is related to a procedure guaranteeing a maximum of relevant discourses to be articulated within collective decision making in governance networks. The authors substantiate its utility through a case study of pig farming in Flanders, using discourse analysis to reveal how the discursive framings of farmers reflect an ongoing tension between the linear and the participatory innovation discourses. They complement this analysis with an assessment of the collective outcomes of a series of ‘dialogue days' in the Flemish pig sector.
Agricultural Innovation Platforms in West Africa
Authors: van Paassen Annemarie , Klerkx Laurens , Adu-Acheampong Richard , Adjei-Nsiah Samuel , Zannoue Elisabeth
Published: September 2014

Inspired by innovation system theory, donors promote innovation platforms (IPs) to enhance collaboration for development. However, IP practice and impact are diverse: hence the question arises of whether and how IP approaches are able to create institutional change for the benefit of smallholders. The authors present the experience of an action research programme in West Africa and analyse the cases from a dialectic perspective on institutional entrepreneurship. The results show that a researcher-initiated open IP approach with clear principles and in-depth analysis of the value chain context is able to create reasonably effective IP coalitions for smallholder development. In a mature value chain, it may be possible to mobilize high-level actors, but IPs often start at a lower level and apply a two-pronged approach. They focus primarily on research and communication to improve smallholder technical and entrepreneurial practices, while diligently mobilizing high-level actors to attain critical regulatory and/or market support. Mobilization success is limited in contentious environments.
KLAXON EM MARSELHA
Authors: De Oliveira Faria Maria Alice
Published: September 2014

A autora apresenta a revista francesa La Criée, editada cm Marselhaentre 1921 e 1923, e que foi citada na revista modernista brasileiraKlaxon. La Criée, por sua vez, cita Klaxon, reproduz um artigode Sérgio Milliet sobre Henri Mugnier e uma tradução de "0 discobolo", de Guilherme de Almeida.Além de mostrar as relações entre as duas revistas, a autora pretende dar subsídios para fixar-se objetivamente a divulgação deKlaxon na França e para se compreender até onde chegava a participação vanguardista dos colaboradores de Klaxon.
PARA UM ESTUDO DA REALIDADE SIMBÓLICA NA POESIA DE HERBERTO HELDER
Authors: Décio João
Published: September 2014

PARA UM ESTUDO DA REALIDADE SIMBÓLICA NAPOESIA DE HERBERTO HELDER
OS MAIAS - UMA INTRODUÇÃO CRÍTICA AO ROMANCE
Authors: Décio João
Published: September 2014

OS MAIAS - UMA INTRODUÇÃO CRÍTICA AOROMANCE
GRANDEZA E DECADÊNCIA DO VOCABULÁRIO
Authors: Pinheiro dos Reis Oswaldo
Published: September 2014

GRANDEZA E DECADÊNCIADO VOCABULÁRIO
THE CREATIVE PROCESS IN SANDBURG'S "PRAYERS OF STEEL"
Authors: Rénaux Sigrid
Published: September 2014

The aim of this analysis is to show how Carl Sandburg, one of the pioneers of "The Little Renaissance" in American poetry, was able to project, through his poem "Prayers of Steel", not only many characteristics of the new poetry but he succeeded in making the poem become iconic of the creative process the artist is passing through, while working on his work of art.
A MORTE EM ELOY E EM CRÔNICA DE UMA MORTE ANUNCIADA
Authors: Nodoca Takeuchi Nair
Published: September 2014

A narração das duas obras começa algumas horas antes da morte de suas personagens. Alguns aspectos do léxico relacionados com a morte fazem refletir, nas palavras,as relações entre os antagonistas, suas profissões, seu íntimo.O verbo matar e seus equivalentes foram mais abundantesem Eloy (127 vezes) do que em Crônica de uma Morte Anunciada (87 vezes), e as palavras que denotam medo, desconfiança, raiva por um lado, e valentia, ternura, compaixão por outra, estão presentes em Eloy, enquanto que estão totalmente ausentes em Crônica. A arma utilizada nesta, é a faca, citada 35 vezes e que é o instrumento de trabalho dos assassinos. O bandido Eloy e os policiais, seus perseguidores, usam revólveres, carabinas, facas e navalha. Enquanto a morte de Santiago é descrita em não mais que nas seis últimas páginas, a de Eloy foi sendotecida ao longo do texto a partir de sutis indícios lingüísticos.
ALONSO QUIJANO, EL HIDALGO DE ALDEA
Authors: De La Cruz-Coronado Guillermo
Published: September 2014

ALONSO QUIJANO,EL HIDALGO DE ALDEA(Sobre el primer capítulo del Quijote)
A FUNÇÃO TELEOLÓGIC A DO FANTÁSTICO EM COMO OS PÁSSAROS DESPERTAM O SOL
Authors: Rénaux Sigrid
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho apresenta uma leitura de como as diferentes categorias ficcionais que compõem este conto, tais como o espaço cênico e temporal, o foco narrativo, personagens e ações, são contaminados pelo fantástico. Deste modo, a força e beleza nasaga de cinco gerações de uma família escocesa são enfatizadas, pois o fantástico faz essas tradições não apenas transcender os limites temporais e geográficos mas também afetar o próprio narrador e seus irmãos, ao relembrarem "a grande cachorra cinzenta da morte".
ÁTICO E KOINÉ Problemas na abordagem sociolingüística de uma área dialetal do grego antigo
Authors: Ferro Piqué Jorge
Published: September 2014

Procuramos avaliar os problemas na tentativa do helenista López Eire em seu artigo Del Atico a Ia Koiné de utilizar categorias tomadas das teorias sociolingüísticas para abordar a passagem do dialeto ático do séc. V a.C. Koiné helenística do sée. III a.C.
FIGUEIREDO, ESSE MAL JULGADO
Authors: Nascentes Antenor
Published: September 2014

FIGUEIREDO, ESSE MAL JULGADO
LO QUEVEDESCO Y EL POETA COMO HOMBRE ENTRE BASTIDORES EN EL RAYO QUE NO CESA, DE MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ
Authors: Dale Scott
Published: September 2014

Neste estudo, analisa-se a visão de amor em El rayo que no cesa, de Miguel Hernández (1910-1942), tendo como referencia a poesia amorosa de Francisco de Quevedo (1580-1645). Enquanto o poeta barroco oferece uma interpretação idealizada e abstrata do amor, o poeta contemporâneo expressa o amor através de sua própria paixão, sua alma, seu impulso criador e revela sua intensa inspiração. El rayo que no cesa é principalmente uma obra que desenvolve os temas corporais de amor, pena e morte. Os fatores mais íntimos que salpicam a sua poética - a morte dos amigos Sijé e Manresa, e possivelmente, do seu primeiro filho - , são as forças que levam Hernández a imaginar uma poética tão profunda e emotiva.
RELAÇÕES LUSO-BRASILEIRAS: DA RECENTE MASSA CRÍTICA A UM OPORTUNO PROJETO DE AÇÃO
Authors: Santos Gilda
Published: September 2014

Partindo da constatação de que as comemorações dos 500 anos desencadearam grande apetência para o revisitar e o refletir sobre o complexo diálogo luso-brasileiro, o texto noticia uma ação conjunta nesse sentido, idealizada por professores universitários e sediada no Real Gabinete Português de Leitura do Rio de Janeiro: a criação do Pólo de Pesquisa sobre Relações Luso-Brasileiras (PPRLB), em abril de 2001. Abstract After the celebrations of the 500 years of Brazil, one finds out that the celebrations unchained great appetency to think about the complex Luso-Brazilian dialog. This article gives word about a combined acction thought by university professors and grounded in the Real Gabinete Português de Leitura in Rio de Janeiro: the creation of the Pólo de Pesquisa sobre Relações Luso-Brasileiras (PPRLB), in April, 2001.
O (PROTO)TEATRO POLÍTICO DE S ARAMAGO E A POLÍTICA COMO TEATRO - UMA LEITURA DE "TEATRO TODOS OS DIAS"
Authors: De Oliveira Silva Jorge Henrique
Published: September 2014

SARAMAGO, José. Teatro todos os dias. In: . A bagagem du viajante. 2. ed. Lisboa: Caminho, 1986, p. 127-129.
Dalton Trevisan e a poética da repetição
Authors: Scaff Rocha Ribeiro Marilia
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho discute a obra de Dalton Trevisan a partir do uso de repetições temáticas e formais. A primeira parte do artigo investiga o seu uso peculiar da repetição temática como método de composição. A segunda se concentra no que o livro 234 traz como novidade para a obra do autor, através da análise das ilustrações, do aspecto gráfico do livro e da organização dos fragmentos.
Enedina Alves Marques: A Trajetória da Primeira Engenheira do Sul do País na Faculdade de Engenharia Do Paraná (1940-1945).
Authors: Santana Jorge Luiz
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória da curitibana Enedina Alves Marques, nascida em 1913, a primeira mulher a concluir o Curso de Engenheira no Paraná. A proposta da pesquisa é desvendar, enquadrar e dar manutenção à sua memória ao analisar o seu curso de vida. Ao mesmo tempo, busca-se também fornecer um exame sobre os dados qualitativos e quantitativos da sua trajetória na Faculdade de Engenharia do Paraná. A pesquisa possui um embasamento teórico-metodológico com discussões e argumentações sobre a História Cultural e a Micro História pensadas a partir de Peter Burke, Roger Chartier e Geovani Levi. A Biografia é usada como ferramenta metodológica e, o uso do Gênero como categoria de análise historiográfica por Joan Scott. A pesquisa evidenciou mostras de tratamento hierarquizado na Faculdade de Engenharia do Paraná quando do percurso de Enedina, seguindo um padrão normativo de classe social, etnia, gênero.
Quem é quem na formação da população paranaense: Um estudo de relações sociais nos Setecentos
Authors: Forcato Fabrício
Published: September 2014

Por meio desta investigação procura-se, de uma certa forma, articular a utilização de fontes documentais na pesquisa histórica com outros campos do conhecimento científico, como por exemplo os estudos demográficos, a fim enriquecer e ampliar perspectivas do campo historiográfico. Para concretizar tal plano, análises a respeito de um vasto conjunto de listas nominativas de habitantes do século XVIII (mais precisamente do ano de 1793) foram efetivadas com o intento de apurar a compreensão da sociedade colonial curitibana. As questões intrínsecas nessa problemática são muito caras ao CEDOPE (Centro de Documentação e Pesquisa dos Domínios Portugueses), pois se deseja aqui entender certas articulações existentes dentro das relações sociais, salientando neste caso “quem” seriam seus “atores”. Uma das motivações principais para o exercício de tal estudo foi dada pela busca de um dos personagens chave para a pesquisa: Gregório Gonçalves. A partir de esforços efetivados para encontrá-lo em registros paroquiais e em listas nominativas pôde-se, com as informações auferidas, compreender-se um pouco melhor a conjuntura a qual o mesmo estava inserido. Nessa direção, busca-se enriquecer o debate presente dentro das formulações acerca da estruturação colonial brasileira, sendo neste caso privilegiado o contexto da 5a Comarca da Capitania de São Paulo. Conseqüentemente, com a transcrição dos censos informações puderam ser catalogadas e expostas ao debate historiográfico. Assim, muitos dados coletados auxiliam a tentativa de deslindar a trama das relações sociais estabelecidas a partir de nosso “protagonista”, o mestiço Gregório Gonçalves.
As masculinidades em questão: uma perspectiva de construção teórica
Authors: Botton Fernando Bagiotto
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo pretende comentar brevemente sobre a construção dos saberes acerca da masculinidade. Para isso, faz uma revisão bibliográfica e historiográfica que nos permite tratar de algumas das contribuições mais significativas para a construção dos estudos sobre a masculinidade nas ciências sociais. Assim, traçaremos um breve panorama de como esses os estudos sobre o masculino e a masculinidade foram sendo discutidos dentre diversos campos como a psicanálise, a sociologia, a antropologia e, obviamente, a história. Por fim, trata-se de uma sucinta revisão bibliográfica que pretende traçar um “apanhado geral” sobre os estudos acerca da masculinidade, sendo especialmente indicado especialmente para novos pesquisadores ou interessados no assunto.
Guitarra Elétrica: um ícone na cultura pop do século XX
Authors: Souza Neigmar de
Published: September 2014

Guitarra Elétrica: um ícone na cultura pop do século XX
The lichen flora as bioindicator of air pollution of Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia
Authors: Fałtynowicz Wiesław , Izydorek Ireneusz , Budzbon Elżbieta
Published: September 2014

Four zones of lichen occurrence have been distinguished in Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia (N Poland). They are: 1) a total lichen desert zone, 2) a relative lichen desert zone, 3) a stunted growth zone, 4) a normal growth zone. Four groups of indicator species have been distinguished — they enable one to identify and characterize the lichen growth zones and the boundaries between them. Changes in the boundaries of the lichen growth zones have been predicted on the basis of the results of this study. 269 lichen species have been recorded from the study area, of which 183 have been discovered or refound during the present survey.
Flax Fiber
Authors: Preisner Marta , Wojtasik Wioleta , Kulma Anna , Żuk Magdalena , Szopa Jan
Published: September 2014

Flax fiber is among the strongest natural fibers and its household history is long and rich, dating back 30 000 years. Classified as a bast fiber, it is a complex assembly of different polymers, polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, and the phenolic‐derived lignin. However, what distinguishes flax from other fibers and ensures its biological activity, is a wide group of secondary metabolites derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. With such a complex structure, it comes as no surprise that there are many factors determining fiber properties and any alteration in one of those factors has an impact on fiber quality and quantity, influencing its most valued properties: tensile strength, absorptivity and biological activity.

In the last decades a decline in flax fiber popularity has been detected. The reason for this is poor elasticity, time‐consuming straw processing and the sensitivity of the crop to various biotic and abiotic factors. Nowadays, owing to a great demand for natural fibers, prospective applications of flax fiber have emerged: in biocomposites, bioremediation, biofuels, and medicine. Therefore, it is a challenge for growers to overcome certain flaws in flax that contributed to the eclipse of its glorious years. It is expected that a better understanding of the genes involved in flax productivity and quality, as well as an increased knowledge of cell wall development in relation to fiber properties, will provide targets for fiber improvements by the novel tools of molecular breeding, leading to more diverse products based on flax fibers.
Folic Acid
Authors: Rawalpally Thimma R. , by Staff Updated
Published: September 2014

Folic acid belongs to the group of B vitamins. It is also known as vitamin M, vitamin B9and vitamin Bc. The term folate is used to designate all members of the family of compounds based on theN‐(6‐peteridinyl)‐p‐aminobenzoic acid skeleton. Humans cannot synthesize folic acid so it is necessary to use a supplement. Folic acid when converted to folate is essential for numerous body functions, eg, synthesizes and repairs DNA. Good food sources of folate are liver, fresh, dark, leafy green vegetables, beans, wheat germ, and yeasts. Total folate content of food varies and depends on the method of preparation and length of storage. The first synthesis of folic acid was based on a three component one pot reaction. Folic acid is also synthesized in microorganisms and in plants. Folic acid is safe, even at levels of daily oral supplementation up to 5–10 mg. Folic acid deficiency results in an inability to produce DNA, RNA, and certain proteins. Daily requirements are listed. Folic acid is used for feed enrichment in animal nutrition. In the pharmaceutical industry it is used as a rescue dose during cancer chemotherapy. It prevents the majority of neural tube defects when a supplement is used during pregnancy. It is also used a delivery agent for targeting drug delivery and as an imaging agent.
Permanent Magnets
Authors: Coey J. M. D.
Published: September 2014

Permanent magnets are magnetically‐ordered metals or oxides with a microstructure that permits the creation of a magnetic field in the surrounding space without continual expenditure of energy. Modern magnets, usually made from Nd2Fe14B or MFe12O19(M = Ba, Sr), resist demagnetization whatever their shape. They are used extensively in small motors and actuators, and in numerous consumer electronic devices, as well as for holding applications, levitation, magnetic resonance imaging and in various industrial processes. After a brief historical introduction, this article presents the concepts of magnetic hysteresis, coercivity, domains, anisotropy and energy product, which underpin the subject. Magnet processing to achieve the required microstructure is discussed in relation to Alnico, ferrite and iron or cobalt‐based rare‐earth magnets. Typical magnetic properties of commercial magnets are given. Magnet applications are surveyed, categorized according to the nature of the magnetic field – uniform or inhomogeneous, static or time‐varying. Finally, prospects for future developments of materials and applications such as electric vehicles and direct‐drive wind turbines are mentioned.
Cellular Antenna Design
Authors: Rowell Corbett
Published: September 2014

This chapter is a historical survey of antenna design techniques for cellular phones. Four generations of cellular antenna designs are analyzed with detailed design techniques, performance analysis, and comparisons: external antennas, internal microstrip patch antennas, planar monopole antennas, and active antennas. There is some discussion of potential future antenna technologies and in the conclusion, this chapter summarizes the antenna design parameters and isolation techniques for multiple antennas.
Colloidal and Epitaxial Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors: Growth, Performance, and Comparison
Authors: Kazemi Alireza , Zamiri Marziyeh , Kim Jun Oh , Schuler‐Sandy Ted , Krishna Sanjay
Published: September 2014

In this review article, the current status of quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) compared to competitive infrared (IR) technologies will be evaluated. Carrier generation and some of the other important physical properties of quantum dots (QDs) will be discussed. Recent design improvements of epitaxial and colloidal QDIPs are presented, followed by a thorough discussion on the growth techniques for both types of QDs. Important figures of merit for QDIPs, including dark current, responsivity, detectivity, and noise equivalent differential temperature (NEDT), will be explained, and a comparison will be made between QDIPs performance and other IR technologies in terms of their figures of merit.
Crop Residue Burning: A Threat to South Asian Air Quality
Authors: Singh Ramesh P. , Kaskaoutis Dimitris G.
Published: September 2014

For more than 2 decades, crop residues in Punjab, a region spanning northwestern India and eastern Pakistan, have been burned during October and November to ready fields for the next year's planting. This practice poses a serious threat to air quality in South Asia.
African agriculture especially vulnerable to warming climate
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: September 2014

Malnourishment across Africa could jump 40% by 2050 due to climate change, according to the Africa Agriculture Status Report 2014 (AASR), released on 2 September. With temperatures predicted to rise 1.5°C–2.5°C by midcentury, African smallholder farms, which are generally run by one family, are more vulnerable than ever, the report finds.
Pd–Cu Bimetallic Tripods: A Mechanistic Understanding of the Synthesis and Their Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Choi Sang‐Il , Tao Jing , Peng Hsin‐Chieh , Xie Shuifen , Zhu Yimei , Xie Zhaoxiong , Xia Younan
Published: September 2014

This article reports a facile synthesis of Pd‐Cu bimetallic tripods with a purity over 90%. Two requirements must be met in order to form tripods: i) formation of triangular, plate‐like seeds during the nucleation step and ii) preferential deposition of atoms onto the three corners of a seed during the growth step. In this synthesis, these requirements are fulfilled by adding CuCl2 and KBr into an aqueous synthesis. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the Cu atoms resulting from underpotential deposition could greatly reduce the energy barrier involved in the formation of triangular seeds with planar defects because of the much lower stacking fault energy (41 mJ·m−2 for Cu vs 220 mJ·m−2 for Pd). The Br− ions could strongly bind to the three {100} side faces of a triangular seed, forcing the Pd atoms to grow from the three corners of a seed to generate a tripod. When compared with commercial Pd black, the Pd‐Cu tripods exhibited substantially enhanced catalytic activity toward the electro‐oxidation of formic acid. This work offers a general strategy for the synthesis of nanocrystals with a tripod structure for catalytic applications.
Controlled Growth of NiMoO4 Nanosheet and Nanorod Arrays on Various Conductive Substrates as Advanced Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Peng Shengjie , Li Linlin , Wu Hao Bin , Madhavi Srinivasan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: September 2014

Hierarchical NiMoO4 architectures assembled from well‐aligned uniform nanosheets or nanorods are successfully grown on various conductive substrates using a facile and effective general approach. Importantly, the nanostructures of NiMoO4 can be easily controlled to be nanosheets or nanorods by using different solvents. By virtue of their intriguing structure features, NiMoO4 nanosheets as integrated additive‐free electrodes for supercapacitors manifest higher Faradaic capacitance than NiMoO4 nanorods. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is constructed using the as‐prepared NiMoO4 nanosheets as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The optimized ASC with an extended operating voltage range of 0–1.7 V displays excellent electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 60.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 850 W kg−1 in addition to superior rate capability. Furthermore, the NiMoO4//AC ASC device exhibits remarkable cycling stability with 85.7% specific capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles. The results show that these NiMoO4‐based nanostructures are promising for high‐energy supercapacitors.
Acidity and Hydrogen Exchange Dynamics of Iron(II)‐Bound Nitroxyl in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Gao Yin , Toubaei Abouzar , Kong Xianqi , Wu Gang
Published: September 2014

Nitroxyl‐iron(II) (HNO‐FeII) complexes are often unstable in aqueous solution, thus making them very difficult to study. Consequently, many fundamental chemical properties of FeII‐bound HNO have remained unknown. Using a comprehensive multinuclear (1H, 15N, 17O) NMR approach, the acidity of the FeII‐bound HNO in [Fe(CN)5(HNO)]3− was investigated and its pKa value was determined to be greater than 11. Additionally, HNO undergoes rapid hydrogen exchange with water in aqueous solution and this exchange process is catalyzed by both acid and base. The hydrogen exchange dynamics for the FeII‐bound HNO have been characterized and the obtained benchmark values, when combined with the literature data on proteins, reveal that the rate of hydrogen exchange for the FeII‐bound HNO in the interior of globin proteins is reduced by a factor of 106.
The application of tunable tridendate P‐based ligands for the Ru(II)‐catalysed transfer hydrogenation of various ketones
Authors: Meriç Nermin , Durap Feyyaz , Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akın
Published: September 2014

Two novel versatile tridendate aminophosphine–phosphinite and phosphinite ligands were prepared and their trinuclear neutral ruthenium(II) dichloro complexes were found to be effective catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of various ketones in excellent conversions up to 99% in the presence of 2‐propanol/NaOH in 0.1 M isopropanol solution. Particularly, [Ru3(PPh2OC2H4)2 N–PPh2(η6‐p‐cymene)3Cl6] acts as an excellent catalyst giving the corresponding alcohols in excellent conversion up to 99% (turnover frequency ≤ 1176 h−1). A comparison of the catalytic properties of the complexes is also discussed briefly. Furthermore, the structures of these ligands and their corresponding complexes have also been clarified using a combination of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 1H–13C HETCOR or 1H–1H COSY correlation experiments were used to confirm the spectral assignments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Effects of Novel Sulfamides Derived from 1‐Aminoindanes and Anilines
Authors: Akbaba Yusuf , Bastem Enes , Topal Fevzi , Gülçin İlhami , Maraş Ahmet , Göksu Süleyman
Published: September 2014

Three 1‐aminoindanes, four anilines and BnOH or t‐BuOH were reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to give sulfamoyl carbamates. Pd‐C catalysed hydrogenolysis reactions of carbamates or deprotection of the Boc group of the carbamates with CF3CO2H afforded seven novel sulfamides. Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and hCA II) were purified from fresh human blood erythrocytes with one‐step affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B‐tyrosine‐sulfanilamide. The inhibitory properties of the novel sulfamides on both isoenzymes were determined using the esterase activity with 4‐nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) as substrate. The tested novel sulfamides derived from 1‐aminoindanes and anilines effectively inhibited hCA I and II competitively in the nanomolar range. Among these compounds, the novel sulfamide derivative 17 showed the most potent inhibitory effect against hCA I (Ki: 153.88 nM), while sulfamide derivative 26 showed the highest inhibitory potential against hCA II (Ki: 117.80 nM).
An improved ARS2‐derived nuclear reporter enhances the efficiency and ease of genetic engineering in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Specht Elizabeth A. , Nour‐Eldin Hussam Hassan , Hoang Kevin T. D. , Mayfield Stephen P.
Published: September 2014

The model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used to pioneer genetic engineering techniques for high‐value protein and biofuel production from algae. To date, most studies of transgenic Chlamydomonas have utilized the chloroplast genome due to its ease of engineering, with a sizeable suite of reporters and well‐characterized expression constructs. The advanced manipulation of algal nuclear genomes has been hampered by limited strong expression cassettes, and a lack of high‐throughput reporters. We have improved upon an endogenous reporter gene – the ARS2 gene encoding an arylsulfatase enzyme – that was first cloned and characterized decades ago but has not been used extensively. The new construct, derived from ARS2 cDNA, expresses significantly higher levels of reporter protein and transforms more efficiently, allowing qualitative and quantitative screening using a rapid, inexpensive 96‐well assay. The improved arylsulfatase expression cassette was used to screen a new transgene promoter from the ARG7 gene, and found that the ARG7 promoter can express the ARS2 reporter as strongly as the HSP70‐RBCS2 chimeric promoter that currently ranks as the best available promoter, thus adding to the list of useful nuclear promoters. This enhanced arylsulfatase reporter construct improves the efficiency and ease of genetic engineering within the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome, with potential application to other algal strains.