bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering studentsâ€™ perception towards Malaysian nationhood course
Authors: Isa Khairunesa , Hanim Nadrah Wan Muda Wan , Rahman Ahmad Abd. , Md. Yusoff Rosman , Abd  Kadir Zulida
Published: November 2018

University students are among those who are responsible in setting the goals of national development. Therefore, they should possess good values in which portraying their personal identities, thus reflects the multiracial culture of Malaysia. However, a number of incidents such as the issue of National Anthem (Negaraku), AUKU conflicts, campus political extremes, gangstersâ€™, conflict of identity and so on do ruin their images as the ones who are intellectuals. This condition leads to the question of studentsâ€™ nationalism, particularly engineering students, where they are more concentrating on their technical courses compared to university requirement courses. This research was a survey designed research. The objectives of the research were (i) to determine the engineering studentsâ€™ level of appreciation towards Malaysian Nationhood course, (ii) to determine studentsâ€™ perception towards Malaysian Nationhood course, and (iii) to identify the studentsâ€™ preferences on university courses. A total of 200 students were randomly selected as the respondents of the research. The frequencies and percentages were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Findings showed that the engineering studentsâ€™ level of appreciation towards the Malaysian Nationhood course was at moderate level as they perceived the attendance to the course was mandatory. Almost students agreed that they would not enroll in the course if they were given the choice. Overall, it showed that the students attended the class as it was a compulsory course set by the ministry. The findings portrayed the studentsâ€™ nationalism.Â  Based on these findings, it is suggested that a more comprehensive modules and approaches which fulfill the needs of students should be prepared in order to emphasize the importance of nationalism among the students.Â Â Â
Contributions of Muhammad Mahfuz Al-Tarmasiy in The Field of Islamic Studies
Authors: Hussin Hayati , Rahim Ahmad Abdul , Hafiz Saleh Muhammad , Zainatul Nadra Zainol Nur , Zakaria Rohana
Published: November 2018

The present study, in principle, aims to introduce an archipelago figure who was once the focus of knowledge seekers in the Holy City of Makkah, Shaykh Muhammad Mahfuz Al-Tarmasiy. This scholar had also left behind significant contributions in his birthplace in Â the Island of Java. To identify his stature in the field of Islamic studies, scholarly works that bring to light the aesthetics of his writings will be briefly highlighted, fitting with the requirements of research papers. The methodology used in the present study is inclined towards qualitative research that encompasses the various sources of information in the form of his writings, be it from published books, untouched original manuscripts, theses and dissertation that look into his manuscripts and books, and the official website of the institution that was established by his successors. Interviews with his grandchildren and great-grandchildren living across the country will also be utilized as one of the methods used in identifying this figure, his background and the general view about his stature. The results of the study found that, al-Tarmasiyâ€™s stature in the area of Islamic studies is indeed superior based on two factors: First: The establishment of traditional and modern educational institutions in Java that were inspired by his enthusiasm and struggles for the sake of knowledge. Second: The impact of his meticulous works that span over twenty books on the academic world and on the traditional talaqqi education system.Â Â
Ibn Fadlanâ€™s Role in The Islamisation of Bulghar Society
Authors: Halim Harliana , Yusoff Kamaruzaman , Ahmad Shakila , Faizal Abdul Khir Mohd , Hafiz Abdullah Abdul , Suraya Aziz Hani , Sholeh Saad Shamsaadal , Sulaim Abdullah
Published: November 2018

Islam is the oldest established religion among Bulghar entity, the residents along the riverbanks of the Volga-Kama triangle. This valley was famous as the first Islamic country erected in the Eastern European region. The presence of Islam in the region has raised the name of the ruler of Volga Bulgaria and was reinforced by relationship with Baghdad. The Islamisation of the Bulghar society is relevant to the role played by Ahmad ibn Fadlan, the ambassador of the Abbasid government based in Baghdad. Therefore, this article aims to examine the role played by Ibn Fadlan in the Islamization of the Bulghar society. For this study, a qualitative method using historical descriptive approach was employed, which involved compilation and evaluation of the facts of the Risalah Ibn FadlÄn. Data for this study were obtained through library research. The data analyses were conducted through texts and document analyses, as well as comparison method. This study finds that Ibn Fadlan plays an important role in the islamisation of the Bulghar society, not just as an ambassador of Abbasid government but as a teacher, preacher and counselor to the Bulghar king and the whole nation.Â Â
The Registration Process of Industrial Property Rights
Authors: Rosra Deswita , . .
Published: November 2018

The objective of this article is to determine the registration process of industrial property rights. This research uses normative law method, which is a qualitative research method utilizing content analysis of secondary data. In general, the registration process of industrial property rights is by submitting the application to Directorate General of Industrial Property Rights (DJHKI) in writing in Bahasa Indonesia through filling the application form with full identities of the applicant. The application is signed by the applicant or the proxy (holder of authority) along with the attachments of the industrial property rights which are applied to the registration. The registration process of industrial property rights also has different special provisions. The research results show that the registration process of industrial property rights is regulated under Intellectual Property Rights Law and has been in conformity with International Convention.Â Â Â
The Effects of Assets and Debts on Profit Among Advertising, Printing and Media Listed Firms in Indonesia
Authors: Indah Mursalini Wahyu , Maison Witra , Sukraini Juita , Anggraini Das Nidia , . Afniyeni
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of assets and debts to company profit. Assets and Debts are the deciding variables to make a company profit. Debt is inversely proportional to profit. Therefore, any company's management must be able to manage the assets and debt of the company to increase corporate profit. Need to explain why Sub Sector Company Advertising Printing and Media on Indonesia Stock Exchange is studies here. Based on the results of research, asset and debt have a significant effect to the profit of Sub Sector Company Advertising Printing and Media listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This is evidenced by statistical analysis. Â The researcher suggests the inclusion of control variables such as economic growth and capital structure so that the results of research can assist investors in assessing the company. Increase the period of research into 10 years, so that the results of research can describe the condition of the company for the long term and can pay attention to the business cycle. In addition, the study could be replicated on other sectors and comparative analysis could be done accordingly.Â Â
Consumer Protection Regulations in Life Insurance industry and its challenges: An empirical analysis from Indonesia
Authors: Nicholas L Tobing Agustinus , . .
Published: November 2018

Trust is a crucial factor in the financial industry. Some financial scandals that had impacted Indonesia include the economic crisis in 1998 and have encouraged the regulator to apply adequate consumer protection for the people of Indonesia. In addition, the existence of adequate consumer protection will have a direct impact on the Indonesian financial industry, especially the life insurance sector where the penetration rate is still low in the last 10 years. In the Indonesian context, the implementation of consumer protection is immature and inconsistent. Based on empirical research, this paper explored the existing conditions of consumer protection implementation across life insurance industry in Indonesia. Moreover, this paper also analyzed the perception of the benefits and the challenges in implementing such requirements. The study found that consumer protection is still at the work in progress stage, inconsistent and not optimally implemented although there are number of benefits and risks if it were implemented as required. This condition has arisen due to the lack of regulatorâ€™s commitment in the consistent implementation, lack of assurance on the quality, improper selling process, as well as limitations in capability and competence in the appointed dispute resolution body. This study suggests a number of actions: [1] Periodic regulator quality assurance for the quality of implementation in the form of assurance review and sanctions impose; [2] strengthening the need based selling for life insurance companies; [3] developing an effective and measurable financial literacy and financial inclusion programs for consumers; [4] building a life insurance product and process related competency and capability of the arbitrator and mediator from the appointed dispute resolution; and [5] establishing awareness and the existence of the dispute resolution body across cities in Indonesia.Â
Recommendation the Renewal of Environmental Criminal Law System of Premium Toward Remedium Ultimium Remedium
Authors: Karmilia Rise
Published: November 2018

The establishment of law No. 32 of the year 2009 on the management of environmental protection to provide protection for the rights of each person. The authority of the criminal judge has been limited by the enactment of the substance of legislation no. 32 Year 2009 basic enforcement provisions particularly about ultimum remedium. Environmental pollution cases such as the case of the B3 waste imported by PT Asia Pacifik Eco sustainable and mining company PT Freeport in Indonesia since the year 1967 is an example of environmental crime which has led to a permanent change. This study examines whether or not the validity period is still decent basic ultimum remedium. This research is the normative or legal research libraries and analyzed in qualitative descriptive basis.Â  The results obtained.Â
Using Interactive Web-Based Learning Multimedia to Assess Competency Standards for Installing LAN Among Vocational High School Students in Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Suryani Karmila , . Khairudin , Widyastuti Rini , Amelia Riska
Published: November 2018

This research is aimed at creating an interactive, valid, practical and effective WebÂ¬Â¬Â¬-Based Learning Multimedia for assisting the students to learn the school subject: Installation of Local Area Network (LAN), and to meet the competency standard in such subject. To create the learning multimedia the researchers adopted Cooperâ€™s Stage-Gate Method by applying product development phases, namely: Vision, Conception, Design, Prototype, and Production. After the design process had been completed, the multimedia was validated by a team of multimedia experts, and reached a score of 94.96% which is categorized as Highly Valid. For practicality analysis, the Researcher distributed questionnaires to relevant parties so as to know the level of students interest, the process of using, the increase of active learners, the sufficiency of time, and for evaluation purposes, and it resulted in a score of 87% which is categorized as Practical. Such validity and practicality analysis were done at the Phase of Prototype. Finally, the Researchers shared the Application to all students of Computer and Network Engineering Department in Padang, Indonesia, and the results were fairly encouraging in which the learning outcomes of the students can reach the figure of 87%, and the grades achieved by the students were Above Minimum Passing Criteria. In view of such results, it can be concluded that this learning multimedia has met the requirement for a mass application.Â Â
The impact of personality on students' perceptions towards online learning
Authors: Bhagat Kaushal Kumar , Wu Leon Yufeng , Chang Chun-Yen
Published: November 2018

The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the impact of five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and intellect/imagination) on the perception of students towards online learning. A total of 208 students from Taiwan (male = 96 and female = 112) with previous online course experience participated in an online survey using a bulletin board system. To measure personality traits and students’ perceptions, the Mini-International Personality Item Pool and the Perception of Students towards Online Learning instruments were used respectively. The researchers employed hierarchical regression analysis to analyse the data obtained. The results showed that two personality traits (conscientiousness and intellect/imagination) had a larger positive impact on students' perceptions towards online learning, whereas neuroticism had significantly negative effects on participants of online courses. These results provide evidence that students with different personality traits have different preferences for and experiences in online courses.
Examining the utility and usability of mobile instant messaging in a graduate-level course: A usefulness theoretical perspective
Authors: Tang Ying , Hew Khe Foon
Published: November 2018

This study examined the usefulness of a mobile instant messaging (MIM) tool to support teaching and learning. Taking a usefulness theoretical perspective, we examined in detail the utility and usability of using WeChat in a postgraduate-level course. Multiple types of data were collected and analysed, including MIM interaction records, questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. The results show that, overall, MIM can be utilised in a variety of ways to support teaching and learning. These include promoting transmissive, demonstrative, dialogic, journaling, helpline and notebook activities. We also found MIM to be particularly suitable for promoting affective social presence (expression of emotions, self-disclosure) and cohesive social presence (phatics, vocative). Four specific technological attributes of MIM that facilitated information sharing among students were reported. Implications for practice and research, including challenges and possible solutions, are proposed, followed by a discussion of the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research.
Demokracja dyskursywna w myśleniu politycznym
Authors: ZYBOROWICZ Stanisław
Published: November 2018

The paper concerns one of the concepts of democracy. Each democracy assumes that the people who live together in society need certain procedures/institutions to make binding decisions that take into consideration everybody’s interests. The notion of a deliberative democracy is used to describe a system of political decisions based on the decision-making process perceived as a combination of consensus and representative democracy. Discursive democracy is a theoretical model of a political system propagated by Jurgen Habermas and Jon Elster, and also by Joshua Cohen, Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson. The concept was used for the first time by Joseph M. Bessette in his work Deliberative Democracy: The Majority Principle in Republican Government in 1980, and later on in The Mild Voice of Reason in 1994. Public debate is a key aspect of the discursive concept which emphasizes the manner in which all arguments are presented in open discussion. Discursive democracy assumes a larger participation of citizens in the legislative process by means of institutionalized debates organized to complement the process of informal opinion shaping. Deliberative democracy will win an increasing number of proponents. This certainly is not only a matter of will but also of realistic opportunities to participate in the process of building a deliberative democracy.
Idealny wzór partii politycznej a dzisiejsza rzeczywistość w Polsce
Authors: SIELSKI Jerzy
Published: November 2018

The paper attempts to formulate an answer to the question of what an ideal party should look like at present, and what contemporary reality in Poland is like. In his attempt to create an ideal model for a political party, the author adopts the concept of the ‘good state’, as developed in the paper Wyznaczniki dobrego pañstwa, as a point of reference. He goes on to compare the way in which contemporary parties fulfill their functions to the objectives of a good state (egoistic objectives: to retain power and maintain social and political security; altruistic objectives: social order and reforms). He adopts six fundamental functions of a national party: intermediary, electoral, ruling, shaping public opinion, educational and organizational function. The author concludes by saying that there is no ideal political party in Poland that performs its functions in relation to the ‘good state’ well. Instead of convincing society about themselves, contemporary (2007) Polish parties have created conflicts and created sharp social divisions that continue to exist.
Nieformalne struktury państw Unii Europejskiej w walce z międzynarodowym terroryzmem. Bilans współpracy i wyzwania
Authors: WOJNICZ Luiza
Published: November 2018

The informal structures of the European Union employed in the struggle against international terrorism can be divided into those emerging inside the European Community, and those involving the states outside the EC, or third parties. The emergence of informal structures to fight terrorism resulted from the observation that the then EC did not cooperate to fight terrorism. In the 1960s and 1970s the increasing problem of terrorism stimulated efforts to look for ways to deal with it. It would have been a good solution to begin cooperation in the field of internal security on a Community scale, yet this approach stirred too many controversies and fears. Additionally, a general disinterest in political cooperation at that time made some states begin building informal structures aimed at the exchange of information on terrorist threats. It is worth emphasizing that the structures discussed in this paper (i.e. groups and clubs) are to a certain extent an element of European intelligence, as they involve intelligence agencies, structures operating within EU countries and outside, and the cooperation or synergy of intelligence provided by various mechanisms and activities. The cooperation within the framework of such structures goes beyond the EU and Europe, thus becoming more effective in fighting international, modern, globalized, non-territorial terrorism of a network character. Therefore, although the European Union has been conducting its own policy against terrorism involving all its member states, these informal structures with third parties will continue to play an important part in anti-terrorist cooperation between states that are at particular risk of terrorist activity.
Zrozumieć współczesność, pod red. Grzegorza Babińskiego, Marii Kupiszewskiej, Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, Kraków 2009, ss. 648.
Authors: KOSMAN Marceli
Published: November 2018

Zrozumieć współczesność, pod red. Grzegorza Babińskiego, Marii Kupiszewskiej,Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM, Kraków 2009, ss. 648.
Kierunki ewolucji Unii Europejskiej na tle wyzwań globalnych
Authors: MIKIEWICZ Przemysław
Published: November 2018

The aim of the author is to present the possible consequences of any further intensification of the global problems which the European Union will have to stand up to, to a larger degree than before. Globalization has not created global problems, but it has contributed to their intensification. There are four groups of global issues that are of particular significance to globalization processes: (1) international security, (2) ecology, (3) demography, and (4) poverty and marginalization. Undoubtedly, the European Union is a ‘privileged’ region as it comprises safe states. Europe and the United States perceive the prevention of threats to be a common interest, which justifies the claim that the two partners are at least partially chained to each other. However, Europe is vulnerable to the consequences of global threats. In future, poor countries will blame developed countries for their problems, including those related to their natural environment. Adverse demographic trends will result in the European population growing older and there will be a decrease in the numbers of native Europeans. International relations may be destabilized in the long-term by the widening gap between the developed countries and developing ones, and by their feelings of being excluded from globalization processes. An alternative to this scenario could be provided by cohesive and active global policies on the part of the EU, however, it cannot change the adverse consequences of modern global trends by itself.
Jak zmierzyć demokrację? Teoretyczne i metodologiczne podstawy budowy skal demokracji politycznej w politologii porównawczej
Authors: SZEWCZAK Wiktor
Published: November 2018

The author of the paper undertakes to present and analyze one of the research instruments applied by comparative political science in quantitative surveys, namely scales of democracy (sometimes referred to as indices or factors of democracy). This instrument is quite common in Western, in particular Anglo-Saxon political science, whereas it remains relatively unknown in Polish political science. The aim of the paper is therefore to introduce the reader to this theoretical and methodological construct. In order to achieve this aim the author indicates the possible uses of scales of democracy and the areas of research that apply them. He also analyzes methodological problems related to the development and application of scales of democracy. Although they offer a useful tool in comparative analyses, the essence of this instrument may raise certain methodological and epistemological doubts. Therefore it is significant to maintain the utmost diligence when developing these scales, which must be based on the application of advanced statistical instruments and research algorithms. On the basis of the conclusions of G. L. Munck and J. Verkuilen, the author presents a model process for developing scales of democracy and demonstrates the challenges faced by the researcher trying to develop such scales. The last part of the paper discusses the place of the issue of democracy measurement in Polish political science. The author claims that Polish researchers’ interest in this issue does not correspond to its significance and the potential advantages that could be obtained.
Justyna Zając, Role Unii Europejskiej w regionie Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2010, ss. 353.
Authors: FIEDLER Radosław
Published: November 2018

Justyna Zając, Role Unii Europejskiej w regionie Afryki Północnej i Bliskiego Wschodu, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2010, ss. 353.
Feminizm amerykański trzeciej fali – zmiana i kontynuacja
Authors: STRNAD Grażyna
Published: November 2018

The history of American women fighting for equal rights dates back to the 18th century, when in Boston, in 1770, they voiced the demand that the status of women be changed. Abigail Adams, Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke and Frances Wright are considered to have pioneered American feminism. An organized suffrage movement is assumed to have originated at the convention Elizabeth Stanton organized in Seneca Falls in 1848. This convention passed a Declaration of Sentiments, which criticized the American Declaration of Independence as it excluded women. The most prominent success achieved in this period was the US Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the right to vote. The 1960s saw the second wave of feminism, resulting from disappointment with the hitherto promotion of equality. The second-wave feminists claimed that the legal reforms did not provide women with the changes they expected. As feminists voiced the need to feminize the world, they struggled for social customs to change and gender stereotypes to be abandoned. They criticized the patriarchal model of American society, blaming this model for reducing the social role of women to that of a mother, wife and housewife. They pointed to patriarchal ideology, rather than nature, as the source of the inequality of sexes. The leading representatives of the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan (who founded the National Organization for Women), Kate Millet (who wrote Sexual Politics), and Shulamith Firestone (the author of The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution). The 1990s came to be called the third wave of feminism, characterized by multiple cultures, ethnic identities, races and religions, thereby becoming a heterogenic movement. The third-wave feminists, Rebecca Walker and Bell Hooks, represented groups of women who had formerly been denied the right to join the movement, for example due to racial discrimination. They believed that there was not one ‘common interest of all women’ but called for leaving no group out in the fight for the equality of women’s rights. They asked that the process of women’s emancipation that began with the first wave embrace and approve of the diversity of the multiethnic American society.
Na tronie i obok tronu. O kobietach w życiu publicznym Polski przedrozbiorowej
Authors: KOSMAN Marceli
Published: November 2018

The royal throne was a permanent element of feudal political culture, and the institution of the monarchy, albeit decidedly less significant, has survived until today, playing a primarily symbolic role in the democratic systems in Europe. The subject of the paper looks at the role of Polish rulers’ wives, as the majority of monarchs started a family, and their offspring later took the throne. This was the case of both great dynasties – the Piasts, from the mid-10th century, i.e. from the baptism of Mieszko I, and the Jagiellons (until 1572). After these dynasties ended, the period of elective kings, who were crowned with their wives, started. Over the years, at the very least, the informal role of the queens was growing. This process paved the way to women’s liberation, and, as of the end of the 18th century, it also encompassed the families of magnates and affluent gentry. A meaningful statement can be found in the poetry written by Bishop Ignacy Krasicki in the latter half of the same century, when he addressed men saying: “we rule the world, and women rule us”. The paper is only a sketch and promises a more in-depth monographic study.
Specyfika etyk kobiecych w ujęciu Carol Gilligan
Authors: HORDECKI Bartosz
Published: November 2018

The paper discusses the ethical views of Carol Gilligan that emerged to dispute the theory of six stages of moral development developed by Lawrence Kohlberg. In his opinion, women tend to reach the higher stages of his scale less frequently than men do. According to C. Gilligan this does not evidence the moral supremacy of men over women, but the faulty de- sign of the research tool. In her opinion, the Kohlbergian conception was based on an ethics of justice that took into account an exclusively male point of view. Women, whose voice is not heard in the public sphere, adopt a different type of ethics, namely the ethics of caring. C. Gilligan believes that it is necessary to promote this specific type of female ethics in order to overcome male dominance which is harmful both for women and men. Introducing a fe- male ethics will make it possible to refute the ‘double lie’ underlying patriarchal civilization. The lie involves (1) the assumption that male ethics are universal; and (2) female concealment of their own models of moral reasoning.
Politologia – nauka w drodze
Authors: Wolff-Powęska Anna
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the thesis that the interdisciplinarity of political science as a science, open to the accomplishments in the field of social sciences and humanities enriches this disci- pline. On the one hand, the enormous expansion of knowledge enforces specialization. On the other hand, there is a constant exchange of thought and methodological experience that takes place for fear of becoming isolated. Globalization – the new quality of international life – forces us to continuously exceed the limits of traditional theoretical orientations. Scientific pluralism raises the question of who and when has the right to decide on the superiority of one scientific model over another. The present state of research into the status of political science allows us to observe that the research instruments of politics, the process of permanently changing the world, must be flexible. The history of the social sciences confirms the continu- ous interdependency of particular disciplines and acknowledges political science as an impor- tant link in the chain of evolution of science.
Wolność wypowiedzi a zjawisko manipulacji przekazem prasowym
Authors: Sobczak Jacek
Published: November 2018

The legal concept of human liberties and rights, including freedom of speech, is secondary to philosophical assumptions. Certainty of where the border between authority and freedom lies leaves the issue of the actual range of freedom unresolved. There is no, and there can be no absolute freedom, and the borders of every freedom are defined by legal regulations. This raises the question of whether a democratic state, a state of law, can make regulations in the realm of human rights and freedoms. In international relations, human rights are the foundation of all humanitarian law. There can be no violation of human rights in democratic states. The Constitution of Poland prioritizes human freedoms and rights in the constitutional hierarchy. Freedom of speech is placed particularly high in the hierarchy of liberties encompassed by human rights. Freedom of speech is guarded not only by Constitutional regulations but also detailed laws, which simultaneously establish the limits of the freedom of speech. These limits are also set by ethical norms. Journalists attempt to get around the legal limits that establish the framework of freedom and the barriers posed by codes of ethics, by means of manipulation of press releases. Manipulating society, journalists become a tool of authorities that are frequently not elected, not sovereign and are in fact acting on behalf of entities that remain anonymous and whose goals are undisclosed.
Europejski podręcznik historii jako próba wypracowania wspólnej pamięci zbiorowej obywateli Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Lesiewicz Elżbieta
Published: November 2018

The Euro-handbook and common collective memory of Europeans are the two topics of considerations in this paper. As indicated by its title, the author assumes that there is no com- mon collective memory of the residents of Europe and that a common handbook for European history has failed to be written so far. The considerations are divided into two parts. The first focuses on the common collective memory and related issues, the second presents a number of controversies over a common handbook for the history of European Union citizens. The con- cept of a common European memory is relatively new, and since it emerged it has been a pro- ject to be realized, a reality to be created, by making references to various social, cultural, historical, political, moral and economic categories. Memory is one of the most important fac- tors in building community: a familial, linguistic, national, religious and territorial commu- nity. Therefore, the policy of the European Union is to a large extent concentrated on building a ‘collective memory’. This is about the Europeanization of culture and symbolization of pub- lic space which supports a sense of familiarity, and the consciousness that there is a common spiritual and intellectual European heritage. It is, however, difficult to develop a common Eu- ropean memory since that collective memory is divided; it is a conglomerate of different per- spectives and different versions. This obstacle makes it impossible to write a common handbook of European history. The Old Continent can hope for a divided or dialogue mem- ory, that is for an agreed memory that goes beyond a national horizon. Memory understood in this way could become a foundation for a Euro-handbook taking into account various histori- cal experiences and interpretations of events. If such an agreed handbook were written it could play a significant role in shaping the common memory policy. Therefore, there is a need for a wise and modern history handbook, where teaching would serve reconciliation. The out- come of such teaching is to involve tolerance and peaceful coexistence.
System Zarządzania Wiedzą dla Zarządzania Kryzysowego
Authors: Zięba Aleksandra , Wróblewska Anna
Published: November 2018

The paper describes the application of semantic technologies and knowledge management systems in the area of crisis management by the Polish public administration. A brief analysis of crisis management is presented. An architecture for a knowledge management system with interfaces that use a controlled natural language is proposed. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of semantic knowledge management and automated reasoning in the field of public administration.
Ewolucja amerykańskiego modelu rynku pracy
Authors: Hajder Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

The model of labor market policy is closely related to the form and structure of the socio-economic model operating in a given country at a given time. It has undergone numer- ous transformations in the course of the development of capitalism. Its doctrine mainly origi- nated from the trends of classical, and then neo-classical economics. In the 20th century, the US market economy was frequently influenced by interventionist concepts, though. Owing to the New Deal and Keynesian policy, the US model of a labor mar- ket has become more redistributive, less flexible and subject to various forms of state influ- ence. Interventionist policies implemented during World War II and over the following twenty years led to ‘full employment’ accompanied by the curbing of income disparities in so- ciety. The worsened situation of the labor market during the period of stagflation of the 1970s re- sulted in the victory of a fiscal neo-conservatist concept, represented by the Republicans with Ronald Reagan. The years of the Reagan administration marked the restoration of liberal solutions in labor market policy. Reaganomics limited workers’ rights, improving the situation of employers and significantly reducing labor costs. These changes stabilized the situation in terms of the balance between the supply and demand for labor, simultaneously strongly increasing the in- come polarization of US society and negatively affecting employment standards.
UKŁADY ZBIOROWE PRACY A PRAWO ANTYMONOPOLOWE UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ I STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH
Authors: Kolasiński Marek Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

Względy społeczne są silnie chronione w prawie Unii Europejskiej i Stanów Zjednoczonych. Ważnym elementem wskazanych systemów prawnych jest również prawo antymonopolowe, którego cel, najogólniej rzecz ujmując, stanowi zapewnienie właściwego funkcjonowania rynku. Kwestie socjalne nie mieszczą się w optyce prawa antymonopolowego. Może to prowadzić do powstania bardzo skomplikowanej sytuacji między prawem antymonopolowym a unormowaniami służącymi ochronie względów socjalnych. Istnieją obszary, na których te dwa zespoły norm są komplementarne, ale zauważyć należy również, że na pewnych płaszczyznach cele prawa pracy są odmienne, a nawet przeciwstawne wobec zadań stawianych przed prawem antymonopolowym. Sferę, w której powstanie konfliktów jest najbardziej prawdopodobne stanowią układy zbiorowe pracy. Zgodnie z unijnym i amerykańskim orzecznictwem prawo antymonopolowe nie może być wykorzystywane do uniemożliwienia osiągnięcia celów socjalnych chronionych przez prawo. Istnieją jednak przypadki, w których stosownie prawa antymonopolowego do układów zbiorowych pracy jest możliwe.
Zaufanie instytucjonalne w kontekście ustawowej zasady zaufania jednostki do państwa
Authors: Wojciechowski Maciej
Published: November 2018

Artykuł podejmuje kwestię tak zwanego zaufania instytucjonalnego, czyli takiego, w której z jednej strony znajduje się jednostka, z drugiej – instytucje (na przykład organy administracji państwowej). Autor stara się odpowiedzieć na pytania, jakie znaczenie można przypisać terminowi „zaufanie” użytemu w przepisach ustaw Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego i Ordynacja podatkowa oraz czy – w świetle formułowanych w literaturze przedmiotu definicji terminu „zaufanie” – zaufanie instytucjonalne jest w ogóle pojęciowo możliwe. Proponowana odpowiedź jest następująca: zaufanie instytucjonalne jest pojęciowo możliwe w świetle definicji „zaufania” jako zakładu, ale definicja ta nie uwzględnia elementu korzystnego dla podmiotu ufającego. Przyjęcie definicji zaufania jako zakładu bez elementu korzystnego dla podmiotu ufającego prowadzi do uznania, że termin „zaufanie” użyty w art. 121 § 1 Ordynacji podatkowej i art. 8 Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego oznacza jedynie sytuację „polegania na” organie administracji, a nie zaufania do niego. Jeżeli natomiast definicję tę uzupełnić o ten element, to wówczas porównanie rodzajów oczekiwań podmiotu ufającego w świetle zasad ogólnych analizowanego Kodeksu i Ordynacji uzasadnia wniosek, że zaufanie jednostki wobec organów administracji stosujących prawo może mieć wymiar instrumentalny oraz moralny.
Romski model sprawiedliwości naprawczej
Authors: Lorek Dominika
Published: November 2018

Metody alternatywnego rozwiązywania sporów (ADR) są w Polsce wciąż rzeczą nową i wymagającą udoskonalenia. Poszukując wzorców realizacji idei sprawiedliwości naprawczej w prawie karnym, warto pochylić się nad zwyczajowymi „sądami” romskimi funkcjonującymi we współczesnej Europie. Autorka zarysowuje mało znaną szerszemu odbiorcy historię i obyczajowość polskich Romów. Zasadniczą część artykułu poświęca opisowi funkcjonowania tak zwanych sądów romskich. Analizuje zgodność ich założeń z koncepcją kręgów sprawiedliwości naprawczej poprzez ukazanie modelu romskiego na tle innych opisywanych w literaturze przedmiotu.
SUBKULTUROWE I POSTSUBKULTUROWE POWROTY A RELACJE MIĘDZYPOKOLENIOWE W RODZINIE
Authors: Wrzesień Witold
Published: November 2018

Przez wiele lat subkulturowa aktywność młodzieży odgrywała znaczącą rolę w procesie socjalizacji, szczególnie na jej wtórnym etapie. Dorastająca młodzież, wzmocniona wcześniejszymi i równoległymi doświadczeniami wyniesionymi z grup rówieśniczych i szkoły, wkraczając w sfery subkulturowych subświatów, sytuowała się w opozycji do rodziców i dorosłych, ich norm, wartości, wzorów zachowań, ich sposobu postrzegania świata i w nim funkcjonowania. Subkulturowość wyostrzała podziały pomiędzy młodzieżą i młodością a dorosłymi i dorosłością. Subkultury młodzieżowe inicjowały i wyznaczały kierunki przemian zarówno relacji międzypokoleniowych, jak i rozwoju zachodniej cywilizacji. Gdy jednak subkultury młodzieżowe wracały po latach w swoich kolejnych subkulturowych wcieleniach, nierzadko powyżej zasygnalizowany element przestawał w ogóle istnieć. Różnice i podziały pomiędzy pokoleniami w rodzinie zanikały, a innowacyjny potencjał ulegał osłabieniu. Prezentowany artykuł stanowi próbę przyjrzenia się kilku przykładom subkulturowych powrotów i ich konsekwencjom.
DZIADKOWIE–WNUKI. OSOBISTA WIĘŹ PRAWNORODZINNA I RELACJA PRAWNOSPADKOWA
Authors: Haberko Joanna
Published: November 2018

Artykuł prezentuje sytuację rodziny międzypokoleniowej i instrumenty prawne, które poszczególnym członkom rodziny, w tym w szczególności dziadkom i wnukom, zapewnić mogą poczucie przynależności do wspólnoty rodzinnej. Przedmiotem rozważań jest kwestia obowiązku wzajemnego szacunku między członkami rodziny, następnie problem kontaktów realizowany niezależnie od władzy rodzicielskiej i wreszcie kwestia uprawnienia do dziedziczenia w ramach relacji dziadkowie–wnuki.
PRZEKSZTAŁCENIE SPÓŁKI ZAGRANICZNEJ W SPÓŁKĘ KRAJOWĄ W ŚWIETLE WYROKU TRYBUNAŁU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ W SPRAWIE VALE
Authors: Napierała Jacek
Published: November 2018

Wyrok TSUE z 12 lipca 2012 r. w sprawie C-378/10 (VALE Építési Kft) ma charakter precedensowy i dotyczy doniosłej postaci korzystania ze swobody przedsiębiorczości (freedom of establishment), jaką jest transgraniczne przekształcenie spółki. Odmienne traktowanie spółek w zależności od tego, czy przekształcenie ma charakter krajowy, czy transgraniczny, stanowi ograniczenie swobody przedsiębiorczości (art. 49 i 54 TfUE). Ponieważ wtórne prawo Unii nie reguluje transgranicznego przekształcenia spółek, należy kumulatywnie stosować normy krajowe państwa emigracji i państwa imigracji spółki, w tym w szczególności przepisy regulujące tworzenie spółki krajowej. Środki (przepisy) krajowe uwzględniane przy transgranicznym przekształceniu nie powinny naruszać zakazu ograniczania swobody przedsiębiorczości w sposób niedający się usprawiedliwić oraz nie powinny naruszać unijnej zasady równoważności i skuteczności. TSUE wyraził expressis verbis stanowisko co do zasadności wydania czternastej dyrektywy. Podkreślił mianowicie, że unijne przepisy harmonizujące „są z pewnością przydatne do ułatwienia przekształceń transgranicznych”. Wyrok w sprawie Vale nie przesądza natomiast, czy przedmiotem czternastej dyrektywy miałaby być tylko harmonizacja transgranicznego przeniesienia siedziby statutowej czy również przeniesienia siedziby faktycznej.
POLITYKA PODATKOWA A KONKURENCYJNOŚĆ GOSPODARKI POLSKI, CZECH, SŁOWACJI I WĘGIER W LATACH 2000-2011
Authors: Gradowska Elżbieta
Published: November 2018

Celem artykułu jest porównanie i ocena rozwiązań wprowadzanych w zakresie podatków w latach 2000-2011 w Polsce, Czechach, Słowacji i Węgrzech oraz próba ustalenia, jakie czynniki były źródłem reform podatkowych. W artykule przedstawiono zmiany w podatkach pośrednich i bezpośrednich oraz omówiono strukturę dochodów podatkowych. W ostatniej części omówiono wpływ reform podatkowych na konkurencyjność państw.
PRÓBA PRZEGLĄDU UZASADNIEŃ RESTYTUCJI DÓBR KULTURY
Authors: Tokarczyk Roman A.
Published: November 2018

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PODATEK OD WYDOBYCIA NIEKTÓRYCH KOPALIN – NOWA JAKOŚĆ W POLSKIM PRAWIE PODATKOWYM
Authors: Duda Michalina
Published: November 2018

Ustawa o podatku od wydobycia niektórych kopalin weszła w życie 18 kwietnia 2012 r.; na jej mocy do polskiego systemu prawnego wprowadzona została nowa danina publiczna – w myśl przyjętych założeń stanowić ma formę renty surowcowej. Podatek od wydobycia niektórych kopalin obejmuje wydobycie dwóch metali: miedzi i srebra. Należy do grupy danin nakładanych od wielkości urobku (wydobycia) i w całości stanowić ma dochód budżetu państwa. Zdaniem projektodawców powinien pozwolić na uchwycenie nadzwyczajnych zysków podmiotów wydobywających wskazane metale, jednakże w ocenie doktryny prawa podatkowego i ekspertów z zakresu gospodarki tymi surowcami konstrukcja przedmiotowej daniny budzi liczne wątpliwości. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie elementów technicznych podatku od wydobycia niektórych kopalin oraz kontrowersji, jakie wiążą się z wprowadzeniem tej daniny. W opracowaniu omówiono zakres podmiotowy i przedmiotowy podatku, obowiązki podatników, a także normatywną konstrukcję stawek i skal podatkowych.
Odpowiedź na uwagi do Próby wyjaśnienia domniemań prawnych
Authors: Patryas Wojciech
Published: November 2018

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Dopuszczalność małżeństwa osób wyznania rzymskokatolickiego i prawosławnego w świetle prawa kanonicznego
Authors: Bałakier Urszula
Published: November 2018

Niniejszy artykuł z uwagi na zmianę prawa kanonicznego o małżeństwach mieszanych, podejmuje problematykę wybranych zagadnień z zakresu zawarcia małżeństwa mieszanego. W szczególności autorka zajmie się dopuszczalnością zawarcia małżeństwa mieszanego katolików z prawosławnymi według obecnego stanu prawa łacińskiego i katolickiego prawa wschodniego. Stosunek Kościoła (ustawodawcy kościelnego) do zawierania wskazanych powyżej małżeństw zmieniał się na przestrzeni wieków. Kwestię małżeństw mieszanych uregulował Kodeks prawa kanonicznego z 1983 r. Przepisy, a tym samym zasady prawne, dotyczące zawarcia małżeństwa przez osoby wyznania rzymskokatolickiego i prawosławnego zostały zasadniczo zmienione. Istotna jest odpowiedź na pytania: Jaki charakter ma zakaz zawierania małżeństw mieszanych wynikający z Kodeksu prawa kanonicznego z 1983 r. i czy małżeństwo katolicko-prawosławne jest dozwolone?
Judykatura a proceduralne aspekty prawa
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Jacek
Published: November 2018

Zamierzeniem artykułu jest refleksja nad przyczynami i konsekwencjami proceduralizacji prawa. Materiał źródłowy stanowią wypowiedzi sędziów Sądu Najwyższego oraz Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego, pochodzące z publikowanych uzasadnień uchwał lub orzeczeń tych sądów. Diagnozie poddano przede wszystkim orzecznictwo pochodzące z ostatnich kilku roczników, przyjmując, że jego treść odnotowująca dorobek wcześniejszy obejmuje aktualne problemy stosowania prawa procesowego. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynikają tezy o wzroście aktywności sędziów w sferze prawa procesowego, skutkujące poszerzaniem jurysdykcji sądowej oraz autonomizowaniem instytucji proceduralnych. Jednak kłopoty ze sprawnością i efektywnością rozpoznawania spraw powodują, że w dyskursie sędziowskim zaczynają dominować problemy organizacyjne lub techniczne. Wynikają one, w ocenie autora, nie tylko z niedostatków prawodawstwa, lecz także z określonej postawy sędziów wobec problemów proceduralnych. Utrwalanie zachowań legitymistycznych oraz brak zaangażowania aksjologicznego sprzyjają tworzeniu barier komunikacyjnych, co w konsekwencji godzi w materialne funkcje i cele ochrony sądowej.
Patent Pool and Deprivatization of Patents
Authors: Wu Weimin
Published: November 2018

Most economic theories on patent pools focus exclusively on patent owners’ licensing practices in explaining why patent owners voluntarily form a patent pool. Such an approach ignores the “property” root of patents. Judge Posner emphasized the importance of using economic theories on physical properties to analyze intellectual properties. Led by this spirit, I applied the evolutionary theory of property rights, formulated by Chicago School economist Harold Demsetz, to analyze the formation of patent pools. Demsetz’s theory posits that a transition in property rights structures results from interacting parties’ efforts to maximize utilities in face of changes in external factors that bear on the parties’ benefit-cost calculation. Later studies by various property rights economists have found that the existence of externalities, the cost of enforcing the right to exclude, and the economy of scale can respectively change the benefit-cost calculation of property owners/users, and drive property rights structures towards either privatization or deprivatization. I argued that the formation of patent pools can be understood as deprivatization of patents – a transition from a private property system to a commons system – in response to three phenomena in the patent system: complementary patents, high costs of enforcing patent rights, and excessive patent fragmentation. When transaction costs of patent pooling are outweighed by its benefits, we can expect to see more patent pools being established.