bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of gravity on phase transition for liquid–gas simulations
Authors: Czelusniak Luiz Eduardo , Cabezas-Gómez Luben , Wagner Alexander J.
Published: April 2023

Direct simulations of phase-change and phase-ordering phenomena are becoming more common. Recently, qualitative simulations of boiling phenomena have been undertaken by a large number of research groups. One seldom discussed limitation is that large values of gravitational forcing are required to simulate the detachment and rise of bubbles formed at the bottom surface. The forces are typically so large that neglecting the effects of varying pressure in the system becomes questionable. In this paper, we examine the effect of large pressure variations induced by gravity using pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann simulations. These pressure variations lead to height dependent conditions for phase coexistence and nucleation of either gas or liquid domains. Because these effects have not previously been studied in the context of these simulation methods, we focus here on the phase stability in a one-dimensional system, rather than the additional complexity of bubble or droplet dynamics. Even in this simple case, we find that the different forms of gravitational forces employed in the literature lead to qualitatively different phenomena, leading to the conclusion that the effects of gravity induced pressure variations on phase-change phenomena should be very carefully considered when trying to advance boiling and cavitation as well as liquefaction simulations to become quantitative tools.
Lateral charge migration in 1D semiconductor–metal hybrid photocatalytic systems
Authors: Micheel Mathias , Dong Kaituo , Amirav Lilac , Wächtler Maria
Published: April 2023

Colloidal nanorods based on CdS or CdSe, functionalized with metal particles, have proven to be efficient catalysts for light-driven hydrogen evolution. Seeded CdSe@CdS nanorods have shown increasing performance with increasing rod length. This observation was rationalized by the increasing lifetime of the separated charges, as a large distance between holes localized in the CdSe seed and electrons localized at the metal tip decreases their recombination rate. However, the impact of nanorod length on the electron-to-tip localization efficiency or pathway remained an open question. Therefore, we investigated the photo-induced electron transfer to the metal in a series of Ni-tipped CdSe@CdS nanorods with varying length. We find that the transfer processes occurring from the region close to the semiconductor–metal interface, the rod region, and the CdSe seed region depend in different ways on the rods’ length. The rate of the fastest process from excitonic states generated directly at the interface is independent of the rod length, but the relative amplitude decreases with increasing rod length, as the weight of the interface region is decreasing. The transfer of electrons to the metal tip from excitons generated in the CdS rod region depends strongly on the length of the nanorods, which indicates an electron transport-limited process, i.e., electron diffusion toward the interface region, followed by fast interface crossing. The transfer originating from the CdSe excitonic states again shows no significant length dependence in its time constant, as it is probably limited by the rate of overcoming the shallow confinement in the CdSe seed.
Optimized attenuated interaction: Enabling stochastic Bethe–Salpeter spectra for large systems
Authors: Bradbury Nadine C. , Allen Tucker , Nguyen Minh , Ibrahim Khaled Z. , Neuhauser Daniel
Published: April 2023

We develop an improved stochastic formalism for the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE), based on an exact separation of the effective-interaction W into two parts, W = (W − vW) + vW, where the latter is formally any translationally invariant interaction, vW(r − r′). When optimizing the fit of the exchange kernel vW to W, using a stochastic sampling W, the difference W − vW becomes quite small. Then, in the main BSE routine, this small difference is stochastically sampled. The number of stochastic samples needed for an accurate spectrum is then largely independent of system size. While the method is formally cubic in scaling, the scaling prefactor is small due to the constant number of stochastic orbitals needed for sampling W.
Interfacial quantum interference effect and dual magnetoresistance in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films grown on (001) Si
Authors: Sinha Umesh Kumar , Sahoo Antarjami , Padhan Prahallad
Published: April 2023

Transmission electron microscope image and electronic transport of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) films grown on (001) oriented Si using the sputtered pulsed plasma method confirmed the presence of around 8 nm thick, less dense, and highly resistive LSMO at the interface below the conducting phase. Thicker LSMO films, in addition to metal-insulator transition, show an anomaly around the Curie temperature in temperature-dependent resistivity and magnetoresistance (MR), which is a unique observation. The conduction in these LSMO films at temperatures below low-temperature resistivity minimum is dominated by Kondo-like scattering over electron–electron scattering, established using the phenomenological model. At 20 K, the maximum positive MR is ∼ 12% for the in-plane field, while it is ∼ 7.2% for the out-of-plane field. The maximum negative in-plane MR is found to be ∼ 42.5%, which becomes ∼ 30% when the orientation of the field changes to the out-of-plane direction. The two-dimensional field-dependent change in the magneto-conductance model evidenced the quantum interference effect (QIE). The existence of QIE is associated with magnetic scattering and scattering due to spin–orbit coupling. These results may be used to modulate the electrical properties of future electronic devices and can encourage scientists to explore the multi-functionalities of complex oxides grown on bare Si substrates.
On the instability of the magnetohydrodynamic pipe flow subject to a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Velizhanina Y. , Knaepen B.
Published: April 2023

The linear stability of a fully developed liquid–metal magnetohydrodynamic pipe flow subject to a transverse magnetic field is studied numerically. Because of the lack of axial symmetry in the mean velocity profile, we need to perform a BiGlobal stability analysis. For that purpose, we develop a two-dimensional complex eigenvalue solver relying on a Chebyshev–Fourier collocation method in physical space. By performing an extensive parametric study, we show that in contrast to the Hagen–Poiseuille flow known to be linearly stable for all Reynolds numbers, the magnetohydrodynamic pipe flow with transverse magnetic field is unstable to three-dimensional disturbances at sufficiently high values of the Hartmann number and wall conductance ratio. The instability observed in this regime is attributed to the presence of velocity overspeed in the so-called Roberts layers and the corresponding inflection points in the mean velocity profile. The nature and characteristics of the most unstable modes are investigated, and we show that they vary significantly depending on the wall conductance ratio. A major result of this paper is that the global critical Reynolds number for the magnetohydrodynamic pipe flow with transverse magnetic field is Re = 45 230, and it occurs for a perfectly conducting pipe wall and the Hartmann number Ha = 19.7.
Evidence of fish community fragmentation in a tropical river upstream and downstream of a dam, despite the presence of a fishway
Authors: Atminarso Dwi , Baumgartner Lee J. , Watts Robyn J. , Rourke Meaghan L. , Bond Jennifer , Wibowo Arif
Published: April 2023

Context Rapid human population growth has increased demand for water supply, food security, electricity, and flood mitigation worldwide. To address these challenges, governments have invested heavily in the expansion of water infrastructure. However, there is substantial evidence that globally, this infrastructure impacts aquatic ecosystems and can have a significant impact on the persistence of fish species. Despite being well understood globally, the impacts of dams on fish have been given scant attention in Indonesia. Thus, considerations for fish are rarely included in river development planning frameworks. Methods To document the impact of riverine barriers on Indonesian freshwater fish, we surveyed multiple sites, using three different kinds of gear (gillnets, castnets, and bait traps), upstream and downstream of Perjaya Dam in the Komering River. Key results The study revealed 13 of 36 species were found only downstream of the dam and five of 36 species were found only above the dam. There were significant differences in fish community composition between upstream and downstream regions using either fish abundance (Pseudo-F = 4.495, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05), species richness (Pseudo-F = 15.837, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05) or species diversity as the response metrics (Pseudo-F = 8.3256, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05). Conclusions The local extirpation of many species from upstream areas suggests that the Perjaya Dam hinders fish migration. Implications Despite containing a fishway, the results indicate that fish are not successfully recolonising upstream reaches.
Sea-level rise in Southwest Greenland as a contributor to Viking abandonment
Authors: Borreggine Marisa , Latychev Konstantin , Coulson Sophie , Powell Evelyn M. , Mitrovica Jerry X. , Milne Glenn A. , Alley Richard B.
Published: April 2023

The first records of Greenland Vikings date to 985 CE. Archaeological evidence yields insight into how Vikings lived, yet drivers of their disappearance in the 15th century remain enigmatic. Research suggests a combination of environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the climatic shift from the Medieval Warm Period (~900 to 1250 CE) to the Little Ice Age (~1250 to 1900 CE) may have forced them to abandon Greenland. Glacial geomorphology and paleoclimate research suggest that the Southern Greenland Ice Sheet readvanced during Viking occupation, peaking in the Little Ice Age. Counterintuitively, the readvance caused sea-level rise near the ice margin due to increased gravitational attraction toward the ice sheet and crustal subsidence. We estimate ice growth in Southwestern Greenland using geomorphological indicators and lake core data from previous literature. We calculate the effect of ice growth on regional sea level by applying our ice history to a geophysical model of sea level with a resolution of ~1 km across Southwestern Greenland and compare the results to archaeological evidence. The results indicate that sea level rose up to ~3.3 m outside the glaciation zone during Viking settlement, producing shoreline retreat of hundreds of meters. Sea-level rise was progressive and encompassed the entire Eastern Settlement. Moreover, pervasive flooding would have forced abandonment of many coastal sites. These processes likely contributed to the suite of vulnerabilities that led to Viking abandonment of Greenland. Sea-level change thus represents an integral, missing element of the Viking story.
Ancient DNA from a lost Negev Highlands desert grape reveals a Late Antiquity wine lineage
Authors: Cohen Pnina , Bacilieri Roberto , Ramos-Madrigal Jazmín , Privman Eyal , Boaretto Elisabetta , Weber Audrey , Fuks Daniel , Weiss Ehud , Erickson-Gini Tali , Bucking Scott , Tepper Yotam , Cvikel Deborah , Schmidt Joshua , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Wales Nathan , Bar-Oz Guy , Meiri Meirav
Published: April 2023

Recent excavations of Late Antiquity settlements in the Negev Highlands of southern Israel uncovered a society that established commercial-scale viticulture in an arid environment [D. Fuks
et al.
,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
117
, 19780–19791 (2020)]. We applied target-enriched genome-wide sequencing and radiocarbon dating to examine grapevine pips that were excavated at three of these sites. Our analyses revealed centuries long and continuous grape cultivation in the Southern Levant. The genetically diverse pips also provided clues to ancient cultivation strategies aimed at improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Applying genomic prediction analysis, a pip dated to the eighth century CE was determined to likely be from a white grape, to date the oldest to be identified. In a kinship analysis, another pip was found to be descendant from a modern Greek cultivar and was thus linked with several popular historic wines that were once traded across the Byzantine Empire. These findings shed light on historical Byzantine trading networks and on the genetic contribution of Levantine varieties to the classic Aegean landscape.
Bayesian phylodynamics reveals the transmission dynamics of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus at the human–live bird market interface in China
Authors: Guinat Claire , Tang Hao , Yang Qiqi , Valenzuela Agüí Cecilia , Vaughan Timothy G. , Scire Jérémie , Yu Hongjie , Wang Wei , Chen Zhiyuan , Ducatez Mariette F. , Stadler Tanja
Published: April 2023

In 2013 to 2017, avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused five severe epidemic waves of human infections in China. The role of live bird markets (LBMs) in the transmission dynamics of H7N9 remains unclear. Using a Bayesian phylodynamic approach, we shed light on past H7N9 transmission events at the human–LBM interface that were not directly observed using case surveillance data-based approaches. Our results reveal concurrent circulation of H7N9 lineages in Yangtze and Pearl River Delta regions, with evidence of local transmission during each wave. Our results indicate that H7N9 circulated in humans and LBMs for weeks to months before being first detected. Our findings support the seasonality of H7N9 transmission and suggest a high number of underreported infections, particularly in LBMs. We provide evidence for differences in virus transmissibility between low and highly pathogenic H7N9. We demonstrate a regional spatial structure for the spread of H7N9 among LBMs, highlighting the importance of further investigating the role of local live poultry trade in virus transmission. Our results provide estimates of avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission at the LBM level, providing a unique opportunity to better prepare surveillance plans at LBMs for response to future AIV epidemics.
Do some languages sound more beautiful than others?
Authors: Anikin Andrey , Aseyev Nikolay , Erben Johansson Niklas
Published: April 2023

Italian is sexy, German is rough—but how about Páez or Tamil? Are there universal phonesthetic judgments based purely on the sound of a language, or are preferences attributable to language-external factors such as familiarity and cultural stereotypes? We collected 2,125 recordings of 228 languages from 43 language families, including 5 to 11 speakers of each language to control for personal vocal attractiveness, and asked 820 native speakers of English, Chinese, or Semitic languages to indicate how much they liked these languages. We found a strong preference for languages perceived as familiar, even when they were misidentified, a variety of cultural-geographical biases, and a preference for breathy female voices. The scores by English, Chinese, and Semitic speakers were weakly correlated, indicating some cross-cultural concordance in phonesthetic judgments, but overall there was little consensus between raters about which languages sounded more beautiful, and average scores per language remained within ±2% after accounting for confounds related to familiarity and voice quality of individual speakers. None of the tested phonetic features—the presence of specific phonemic classes, the overall size of phonetic repertoire, its typicality and similarity to the listener’s first language—were robust predictors of pleasantness ratings, apart from a possible slight preference for nontonal languages. While population-level phonesthetic preferences may exist, their contribution to perceptual judgments of short speech recordings appears to be minor compared to purely personal preferences, the speaker’s voice quality, and perceived resemblance to other languages culturally branded as beautiful or ugly.
Direct imaging of micrometer-thick interfaces in salt–salt aqueous biphasic systems
Authors: Degoulange Damien , Pandya Raj , Deschamps Michael , Skiba Dhyllan A. , Gallant Betar M. , Gigan Sylvain , de Aguiar Hilton B. , Grimaud Alexis
Published: April 2023

Unlike the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) formed between water and polar solvents, molecular understanding of the liquid–liquid interface formed for aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) is relatively limited and mostly relies on surface tension measurements and thermodynamic models. Here, high-resolution Raman imaging is used to provide spatial and chemical resolution of the interface of lithium chloride - lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide - water (LiCl–LiTFSI–water) and HCl–LiTFSI–water, prototypical salt–salt ABSs found in a range of electrochemical applications. The concentration profiles of both TFSI anions and water are found to be sigmoidal thus not showing any signs of a positive adsorption for both salts and solvent. More striking, however, is the length at which the concentration profiles extend, ranging from 11 to 2 µm with increasing concentrations, compared to a few nanometers for ITIES. We thus reveal that unlike ITIES, salt–salt ABSs do not have a molecularly sharp interface but rather form an interphase with a gradual change of environment from one phase to the other. This knowledge represents a major stepping-stone in the understanding of aqueous interfaces, key for mastering ion or electron transfer dynamics in a wide range of biological and technological settings including novel battery technologies such as membraneless redox flow and dual-ion batteries.
The temporal and contextual stability of activity levels in hippocampal CA1 cells
Authors: Hayashi Yuichiro , Kobayakawa Ko , Kobayakawa Reiko
Published: April 2023

Recent long-term optical imaging studies have demonstrated that the activity levels of hippocampal neurons in a familiar environment change on a daily to weekly basis. However, it is unclear whether there is any time-invariant property in the cells’ neural representations. In this study, using miniature fluorescence microscopy, we measured the neural activity of the mouse hippocampus in four different environments every 3 d. Although the activity level of hippocampal neurons fluctuated greatly in each environment across days, we found a significant correlation between the activity levels for different days, and the correlation was higher for averaged activity levels across multiple environments. When the number of environments used for averaging was increased, a higher activity correlation was observed. Furthermore, the number of environments in which a cell showed activity was preserved. Cells that showed place cell activity in many environments had greater spatial information content and more stable spatial representation, and thus carried more abundant and stable information about the current position. In contrast, cells that were active only in a small number of environments provided sparse representation for the environment. These results suggest that each cell has not only an inherent activity level but also play a characteristic role in the coding of space.
Learning image representations for content-based image retrieval of radiotherapy treatment plans
Authors: Huang Charles , Vasudevan Varun , Pastor-Serrano Oscar , Islam Md Tauhidul , Nomura Yusuke , Dubrowski Piotr , Wang Jen-Yeu , Schulz Joseph B , Yang Yong , Xing Lei
Published: April 2023

Objective. In this work, we propose a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) method for retrieving dose distributions of previously planned patients based on anatomical similarity. Retrieved dose distributions from this method can be incorporated into automated treatment planning workflows in order to streamline the iterative planning process. As CBIR has not yet been applied to treatment planning, our work seeks to understand which current machine learning models are most viable in this context. Approach. Our proposed CBIR method trains a representation model that produces latent space embeddings of a patient’s anatomical information. The latent space embeddings of new patients are then compared against those of previous patients in a database for image retrieval of dose distributions. All source code for this project is available on github. Main results. The retrieval performance of various CBIR methods is evaluated on a dataset consisting of both publicly available image sets and clinical image sets from our institution. This study compares various encoding methods, ranging from simple autoencoders to more recent Siamese networks like SimSiam, and the best performance was observed for the multitask Siamese network. Significance. Our current results demonstrate that excellent image retrieval performance can be obtained through slight changes to previously developed Siamese networks. We hope to integrate CBIR into automated planning workflow in future works.
Effective circuit modelling and experimental realization of an ultra-compact self-rectifier flux pump
Authors: Mallett B P P , Venuturumilli S , Geng J , Clarke J , Leuw B , Rice J H P , Moseley D A , Bumby C W , Badcock R A
Published: April 2023

This paper presents experimental and modelling results of an ultra-compact self-rectifier flux pump (FP) energizing a superconducting coil. The device fits inside a volume of

65
×
65
×
50

 mm and generates up to 320 A dc through the coil and a peak output voltage up to 60 mV. We also develop and present a full electromagnetic effective circuit model of the FP and compare its predictions to the experimental results. We show that our model can reproduce accurately the charging of the load coil and that it reproduces the systematic dependence of the maximum load coil current on the input current waveform. The experiments and modelling together show also the importance of dc-flux offsets in the transformer core on the final achievable current through the coil. The miniaturization possible for this class of FP and their minimal heat-leak into the cryogenic environment from thermal conduction make them attractive for applications with demanding size, weight and power limitations. Our effective circuit model is a useful tool in the understanding, design and optimization of such FPs which will accelerate their progression from research devices to their application.
Investigation of Coulomb’s law and the nature of the electric charge
Authors: Darwish Saqer M
Published: April 2023

This theoretical work investigates spin-spin energy in the hydrogen atom and its relation to Coulomb’s force law. Most elementary particles are assigned intrinsic properties of carrying electric charges, which leave us blundering about the essence of electric charge. The perplexity originated in Coulomb’s force law when the proportionality constant is expressed using the free vacuum electric permittivity constant ε
0 in units of. C2m−2. N−1. Introducing these units by the proportionality constant canceled any direct role for the electric charge. In this research, a genuine suggestion based on energy conservation redefines Coulomb’s force law. A new formula has been suggested for the force between two spinning particles. The results of energy and force calculations agreed with Coulomb’s law evaluations. The spin-spin energy is related to the electric potential energy, and the electric charge is found to be connected to the rotational energy of the mass.
Recent advances in the mechanics of 2D materials
Authors: Wang Guorui , Hou Hongyu , Yan Yunfeng , Jagatramka Ritesh , Shirsalimian Amir , Wang Yafei , Li Binzhao , Daly Matthew , Cao Changhong
Published: April 2023

The exceptional physical properties and unique layered structure of two-dimensional (2D) materials have made this class of materials great candidates for applications in electronics, energy conversion/storage devices, nanocomposites, and multifunctional coatings, among others. At the center of this application space, mechanical properties play a vital role in materials design, manufacturing, integration and performance. The emergence of 2D materials has also sparked broad scientific inquiry, with new understanding of mechanical interactions between 2D structures and interfaces being of great interest to the community. Building on the dramatic expansion of recent research activities, here we review significant advances in the understanding of the elastic properties, in-plane failures, fatigue performance, interfacial shear/friction, and adhesion behavior of 2D materials. In this article, special emphasis is placed on some new 2D materials, novel characterization techniques and computational methods, as well as insights into deformation and failure mechanisms. A deep understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern 2D material mechanics is further provided, in the hopes that the community may draw design strategies for structural and interfacial engineering of 2D material systems. We end this review article with a discussion of our perspective on the state of the field and outlook on areas for future research directions.
Inverse Probability Weights for Quasi-Continuous Ordinal Exposures with a Binary Outcome: Method Comparison and Case Study
Authors: Sack Daniel E , Shepherd Bryan E , Audet Carolyn M , De Schacht Caroline , Samuels Lauren R
Published: April 2023

Inverse probability weighting (IPW), a well-established method to control for confounding in observational studies with binary exposures, has been extended to analyses with continuous exposures. Methods developed for continuous exposures may not apply when the exposure is quasi-continuous due to irregular exposure distributions that violate key assumptions. We used simulations and cluster-randomized clinical trial data to assess four approaches developed for continuous exposures – ordinary least squares (OLS), covariate balancing generalized propensity scores (CBGPS), non-parametric covariate balancing generalized propensity scores (npCBGPS), and quantile binning (QB) – and a novel method – a cumulative probability model (CPM) – in quasi-continuous exposure settings. We compared IPW stability, covariate balance, bias, mean squared error, and standard error estimation across 3000 simulations with six different quasi-continuous exposures, varying in skewness and granularity. In general, CBGPS and npCBGPS resulted in excellent covariate balance, and npCBGPS was the least biased but most variable. The QB and CPM approaches had the lowest mean squared error, particularly with marginally skewed exposures. We then successfully applied the IPW approaches, together with missing-data techniques, to assess how session attendance (out of 15) in a partners-based clustered intervention among pregnant couples living with HIV in Mozambique influenced postpartum contraceptive uptake.
Prurigo nodularis is highly linked with neural sensitization disorders of pain among hospitalized adults in the United States – National Inpatient Sample 2016–2019
Authors: Choragudi Siri , Yosipovitch Gil
Published: April 2023

This study demonstrates a high association between prurigo nodularis (PN) and central neural sensitization diseases of pain, such as fibromyalgia, chronic interstitial cystitis and irritable bowel syndrome – possibly indicating that further research is needed to compare the role of neural sensitization in central diseases of pain to the role of neural sensitization in PN.
A review of hydrogen storage and transport technologies
Authors: Yang Miao , Hunger Ralf , Berrettoni Stefano , Sprecher Bernd , Wang Baodong
Published: April 2023

An important component of the deep decarbonization of the worldwide energy system is to build up the large-scale utilization of hydrogen to substitute for fossil fuels in all sectors including industry, the electricity sector, transportation and heating. Hence, apart from reducing hydrogen production costs, establishing an efficient and suitable infrastructure for the storage, transportation and distribution of hydrogen becomes essential. This article provides a technically detailed overview of the state-of-the-art technologies for hydrogen infrastructure, including the physical- and material-based hydrogen storage technologies. Physical-based storage means the storage of hydrogen in its compressed gaseous, liquid or supercritical state. Hydrogen storage in the form of liquid-organic hydrogen carriers, metal hydrides or power fuels is denoted as material-based storage. Furthermore, primary ways to transport hydrogen, such as land transportation via trailer and pipeline, overseas shipping and some related commercial data, are reviewed. As the key results of this article, hydrogen storage and transportation technologies are compared with each other. This comparison provides recommendations for building appropriate hydrogen infrastructure systems according to different application scenarios.
A case series of double-chambered left ventricle detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Meier Claudia , Bietenbeck Michael , Chamling Bishwas , Drakos Stefanos , Vehof Volker , Stalling Philipp , Radke Robert , Yilmaz Ali
Published: April 2023

Background

Double-chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is a rare congenital condition, and few case reports are mentioned in literature. Entity, clinical course, and prognosis remain unclear. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is often used for characterization of various congenital heart diseases and can be particularly useful for imaging rare phenomena.

Case summary

Three cases of DCLV were detected by CMR within 2 years in our CMR centre with and without associated congenital heart disease or hypertrabecularization. The patients did not suffer from cardiac symptoms despite the presence of premature ventricular complexes in one patient. Diagnosis of DCLV was made based on a first CMR study that was performed in adulthood, although some anatomical suspicion was already raised by previous echocardiography.

Discussion

Double-chambered left ventricle, synonymous with the terminus ‘cor triventriculare sinistrum’, has been previously perceived as a rare phenomenon compared with double-chambered right ventricle. It has to be distinguished from ventricular aneurysm or cardiac diverticulum and is characterized by an additional contractile septum with normal wall structure that divides the LV cavum into two (rather) same-sized chambers. The prognosis seems to be benign, since there is no restriction in functionality and no increased thrombogenicity until adulthood. Consequently, there is (presumably) no need for a tailored therapy—at least in the cases present here. Accordingly, we recommend follow-up CMR examinations for progress monitoring and recognize CMR’s significant role for diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac abnormalities in orphan diseases. Due to its broader availability, we expect further cases of DLVC in the future.
Tortuous treatment process of a complex femoral pseudoaneurysm following atrial fibrillation ablation: a case report
Authors: Wang Jue , Zhao Xin , Ma Changsheng
Published: April 2023

Background

Although the rate of vascular complications following catheter ablation has been decreasing in the past 10 years, it remains a common and thorny problem in clinical settings. For the majority of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms (PSAs), non-surgical therapeutic approaches such as ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) and ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) have been used as first-line regimens. However, suitable treatment for PSA mainly depends on the characteristics of the PSA.

Case summary

This report presented the case of a 75-year-old woman who suffered from a beaded multi-chamber femoral PSA combined with arteriovenous fistula between the superficial femoral artery and the common femoral vein following radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. The treatment process of the PSA was tortuous. After a UGCR attempt, the PSA was not occluded. The UGTI successfully clotted the superficial and middle chambers of the PSA. After repeat UGCR, the residual deep chamber of the PSA was expanded, and the skin deteriorated. The complicated PSA was finally treated with surgical repair.

Discussion

Appropriate treatment for PSA depends on the anatomical characteristics of the PSA and indications of various treatment measures.
High-power chargers for electric vehicles: are they safe for patients with pacemakers and defibrillators?
Authors: Lennerz Carsten , Schaarschmidt Claudia , Blažek Patrick , Knoll Katharina , Kottmaier Marc , Reents Tilko , Bourier Felix , Lengauer Sarah , Popa Miruna , Wimbauer Katharina , Bahlke Fabian , Krafft Hannah , Englert Florian , Friedrich Lena , Schunkert Heribert , Hessling Gabriele , Deisenhofer Isabel , Kolb Christof , O'Connor Matthew
Published: April 2023

Aims

Battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales and use are rapidly expanding. Battery electric vehicles, along with their charging stations, are a potential source of electromagnetic interference (EMI) for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The new ‘high-power’ charging stations have the potential to create strong electromagnetic fields and induce EMI in CIEDs, and their safety has not been evaluated.

Methods and results

A total of 130 CIED patients performed 561 charges of four BEVs and a test vehicle (350 kW charge capacity) using high-power charging stations under continuous 6-lead electrocardiogram monitoring. The charging cable was placed directly over the CIED, and devices were programmed to maximize the chance of EMI detection. Cardiac implantable electronic devices were re-interrogated after patients charged all BEVs and the test vehicle for evidence of EMI. There were no incidences of EMI, specifically no over-sensing, pacing inhibition, inappropriate tachycardia detection, mode switching, or spontaneous reprogramming. The risk of EMI on a patient-based analysis is 0/130 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0%–2%], and the risk of EMI on a charge-based analysis is 0/561 (95% CI 0%–0.6%). The effective magnetic field along the charging cable was 38.65 µT and at the charging station was 77.9 µT.

Conclusions

The use of electric cars with high-power chargers by patients with cardiac devices appears to be safe with no evidence of clinically relevant EMI. Reasonable caution, by minimizing the time spent in close proximity with the charging cables, is still advised as the occurrence of very rare events cannot be excluded from our results.
Legislating Taste
Authors: Walden Kenneth
Published: April 2023

My aesthetic judgements seem to make claims on you. While some popular accounts of aesthetic normativity say that the force of these claims is third-personal, I argue that it is actually second-personal. This point may sound like a bland technicality, but it points to a novel idea about what aesthetic judgements ultimately are and what they do. It suggests, in particular, that aesthetic judgements are motions in the collective legislation of the nature of aesthetic activity. This conception is recommended by its ability to explain some important but otherwise recondite features of aesthetic practice and, more importantly, by allowing us to ground the normativity of aesthetic judgement in the familiar normativity of practice. It also offers a more systematic way of understanding the rivalry between the ideals of aesthetic universality and diversity.
Real-world evidence of the use of the infliximab biosimilar SB2: data from the PERFUSE study
Authors: Fautrel Bruno , Bouhnik Yoram , Dieude Philippe , Richette Pascal , Dougados Maxime , Freudensprung Ulrich , Brigui Amira , Addison Janet
Published: April 2023

Objective

PERFUSE is a non-interventional study of 1233 adult patients (rheumatology, n = 496; IBD, n = 737) receiving routine infliximab (IFX) biosimilar SB2 therapy. The aim of this report was to investigate the 12-month persistence, effectiveness and safety outcomes of routine SB2 treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease.

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of RA, PsA or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) were assigned to one of three study cohorts according to whether SB2 treatment initiated after September 2017 had been the first IFX treatment (IFX naïve) or followed transition from reference IFX (IFX ref) or another IFX biosimilar (IFX bs). Outcomes to month 12 (±2) included persistence (primary outcome), SB2 dose, disease status, immunogenicity and safety.

Results

At month 12, persistence on SB2 in IFX-naïve, IFX ref and IFX bs cohorts, respectively, [mean percentage (95% CI)] by indication was as follows: 59% (36.1, 76.2), 75% (57.5, 86.1) and 85% (69.6, 93.0) for RA (n = 98); 64% (34.3, 83.3), 87% (65.6, 95.7) and 83% (60.0, 93.1) for PsA (n = 62); and 56% (44.4, 66.5), 80% (70.8, 86.1) and 80% (72.5, 85.6) for axSpA (n = 336). Disease activity was comparable at baseline and month 12 within the IFX ref and bs subgroups of all cohorts by indication. No immunogenicity concerns or new safety signals were detected.

Conclusion

SB2 was safe and effective in IFX-naïve patients and in patients transitioned from prior IFX ref or bs.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03662919
Remote Board Meetings and Board Monitoring Effectiveness: Evidence from China
Authors: Cai Xinni , Jiang Fuxiu , Kang Jun-Koo
Published: April 2023

Using Chinese data, we examine whether synchronous remote board meetings, which facilitate status equalization among directors and alleviate their pressure for conformity, affect board monitoring effectiveness. We find that compared to face-to-face meetings, synchronous remote meetings are associated with directors’ better meeting attendance behavior, a higher likelihood of director dissent on monitoring-related proposals, higher forced CEO turnover-performance sensitivity, and more effective investments. These results hold when we use remote meetings that include both synchronous and asynchronous remote meetings. Proposal-director level analysis further shows that remote meetings reduce the pressure to conform faced by young first-term directors and socially connected directors.

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
The Past and Present of Crime Research inSocial Forces: How the Sociology of Crime Lost its Roots—And Found Them Again
Authors: Duxbury Scott
Published: April 2023

The centennial of Social Forces provides an opportunity to examine change and stability in crime research in one of sociology’s oldest journals. Since the first issue of Social Forces in 1922, crime and punishment have transitioned from marginal topics subsumed under the umbrella of deviance studies to a central research area. This essay traces the intellectual development of crime research as captured in Social Forces’ pages and contrasts it with the growing independence of criminology as an academic field. To do so, I employ two analyses. First, I examine the topical classifications provided by Moody, Edelmann and Light (2022). Second, I expand upon these classifications by using structural topic models (STM) to detect clusters of crime research activity in Social Forces’ abstracts and group them into “eras” of crime research. The analysis reveals a circular development of crime research in Social Forces that reflects broader trends in the sociology of crime. 1 Themes of power, stratification, and punishment oriented early studies on crime. Research attention focused on inequality within the justice system, the effects of juvenile justice contact on criminal labeling and recidivism, and inequalities resulting from justice system contact. However, as crime rates rose throughout the Western world, Social Forces articles sought to explain the causes of crime and evaluate policies designed to cull the crime wave. In recent decades, persistent crime declines combined with growing concern with an oversized prison system have refocused attention on incarceration and its collateral consequences, especially for adolescent well-being and racial and class inequalities. In this way, crime research in Social Forces has returned to core themes of power and stratification that motivated early work in the sociology of crime. It has also distanced itself from individual etiology and policy studies that once dominated the journal’s pages and that continue to appear in specialist outlets.
Impact of Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors in Hemorrhagic Risk in Anticoagulated Patients Taking Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Anticoagulants
Authors: Machado Catarina Monteiro , Alves Mariana , Caldeira Daniel
Published: April 2023

Background

Studies show an increase in hemorrhagic risk related to selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) alone, but also in association with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Non-VKA anticoagulants (NOACs) can be a good substitute to VKAs, but the correlation between them and SSRIs is not well studied. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the risk of major bleeding associated with concomitant use of SSRIs and NOACs.

Methods

MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched, in September 2022, for longitudinal studies evaluating SSRIs' impact on hemorrhagic risk in anticoagulated patients taking NOACs compared with a control group taking non-SSRI medication instead or no antidepressants at all. The outcome of interest was major bleeding. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled RRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I
2 statistic.

Results

Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. From a population of 279,540 anticoagulated patients taking NOACs, the ones taking SSRIs concomitantly were associated with a higher risk of major bleeding (relative risk, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06–1.66; I
2 = 60%). However, the subgroup analysis of cohort studies did not achieve statistical significance (relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94–1.66).

Conclusions

The findings show that SSRIs are associated with a greater hemorrhagic risk in patients anticoagulated with NOACs; however, our confidence is reduced because of nonstatistically significant results from more robust studies, as cohort studies.
Propensity score matching analysis of laparoscopic surgery vs. open approach in 4 297 adult patients with acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis or gastrointestinal tract perforation: a prospective multicentre study of nationwide outcomes
Authors: Lluís Núria , Carbonell Silvia , Villodre Celia , Zapater Pedro , Cantó Miguel , Mena Luís , Ramia José M. , Lluís Félix ,   on behalf of the LUCENTUM Project Researchers*
Published: April 2023

Background and aims:

Previous studies indicated that laparoscopic surgery could improve postoperative outcomes in acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, perforated gastroduodenal ulcer, or acute diverticulitis, but some reported opposite results or differences in the magnitude of improvement. A contemporary analysis using propensity score matching that compares outcomes is lacking.

Methods:

Over a 6-month period, 38 centres (5% of all public hospitals) attending emergency general surgery patients on a 24 h, 7 days a week basis, enroled all consecutive adult patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery or open approach.

Results:

The study included 2 645 patients with acute appendicitis [32 years (22–51), 44.3% women], 1 182 with acute cholecystitis [65 years (48–76); 46.7% women], and 470 with gastrointestinal tract perforation [65 years (50–76); 34% women]. After propensity score matching, hospital stays decreased in acute appendicitis [open, 2 days (2–4); lap, 2 days (1–4); P<0.001], acute cholecystitis [open, 7 days (4–12); lap, 4 days (3–6); P<0.001], and gastrointestinal tract perforation [open, 11 days (7–17); lap, 6 days (5–8.5); P<0.001]. A decrease in 30-day morbidity was observed in acute appendicitis (open, 15.7%; lap, 9.7%; P<0.001), acute cholecystitis (open, 41%; lap, 21.7%; P<0.001), and gastrointestinal tract perforation (open, 45.2%; lap, 23.5%; P<0.001). A decrease in 30-day mortality was found in acute cholecystitis (open, 8.8%; lap, 2.8%; P=0.013) and gastrointestinal tract perforation (open, 10.4%; lap, 1.7%; P=0.013).

Conclusions:

This clinically based, multicentre study suggests that an initial laparoscopic approach could be considered not only in patients with acute appendicitis or acute cholecystitis but also in patients with a perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Reply to: The pitfalls of negative data bias for the T-cell epitope specificity challenge
Authors: Gao Yicheng , Gao Yuli , Dong Kejing , Wu Siqi , Liu Qi
Published: April 2023

Predicting and identifying TCR-antigen pairings accurately presents a significant computational challenge within the field of immunology. The negative sampling issue is important T-cell specificity modeling and it is known clearly by the community that different negative data sampling strategy will influence the prediction results. Therefore, proper negative data sampling strategy should be carefully selected,and this is exactly what PanPep has noticed, emphasized and performed. Now we would like to clarify this point further by formulating this problem as a PU learning. Our findings suggest that the reshuffling strategy may generate potential false negative samples, which can adversely affect model training and result in biased model testing for PanPep. Furthermore, a proper comparison between different negative sampling strategies should be performedin a consistent wayto make a proper conclusion. Finally, future updating to explore more possible and suitable negative sampling strategy is expected.
Regulation of the circadian clock inC. elegansby clock gene homologskin-20andlin-42
Authors: Lamberti Melisa L. , Spangler Rebecca K. , Cerdeira Victoria , Ares Myriam , Rivollet Lise , Ashley Guinevere E. , Coronado Andrea Ramos , Tripathi Sarvind , Spiousas Ignacio , Ward Jordan D. , Partch Carrie L. , Bénard Claire Y. , Goya M. Eugenia , Golombek Diego A.
Published: April 2023

Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations present in nearly all organisms from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments close to 24 hours. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, which is based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1ε/δ(CK1ε/δ) phosphorylation. In the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans,periodandcasein kinase 1ε/δare conserved aslin-42andkin-20, respectively. Here we studied the involvement oflin-42andkin-20in circadian rhythms of the adult nematode using a bioluminescence-based circadian transcriptional reporter. We show that mutations oflin-42andkin-20generate a significantly longer endogenous period, suggesting a role for both genes in the nematode circadian clock, as in other organisms. These phenotypes can be partially rescued by overexpression of either gene under their native promoter. Both proteins are expressed in neurons and seam cells, a population of epidermal stem cells inC. elegansthat undergo multiple divisions during development. Depletion of LIN-42 and KIN-20 specifically in neuronal cells after development was sufficient to lengthen the period of oscillatingsur-5expression. Therefore, we conclude that LIN-42 and KIN-20 are critical regulators of the adult nematode circadian clock through neuronal cells.