bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tasa de reinfección por Helicobacter pylori en una cohorte de pacientes colombianos tratados exitosamente con seguimiento superior a 2 años
Authors: Otero Rengino William , Trespalacios Rangel Alba Alicia , Mercado Reyes Marcela
Published: July 2018

El Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infecta por lo menos a la mitad de la población mundial, aunque la prevalen- cia es más alta en países subdesarrollados. La tasa de reinfección es variable en las diferentes regiones y puede incluir recrudescencia de la infección o verdadera recurrencia. Hasta el momento hay pocos estudios en Colombia que hayan investigado la recurrencia de la infección y ninguno se ha realizado en Bogotá, Colombia. Objetivo: determinar la tasa de recurrencia de H. pylori en pacientes tratados eficazmente con 3 terapias triples diferentes. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional analítico anidado en una cohorte de 180 pacientes a la que se le erradicó exitosamente H. pylori durante 2008-2009. La erradicación se verificó con test respiratorio con urea marcada y el tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue 43,7 meses (rango 31-56 meses). La recurrencia se investigó con la prueba de antígenos fecales monoclonales ImmunoCard STAT® HpSA (Meridian Bioscience Inc.). Resultados: se siguieron 86 pacientes y el porcentaje total de reinfección por H. pylori fue de 5,8% (5/86) y la tasa anual de reinfección fue de 1,59% (5/313,4 pacientes año x 100). El primer caso de reinfección se presentó a los 32 meses y los demás ocurrieron a los 37, 42, 44 y 56 meses de seguimiento. La tasa de reinfección calculada fue 1,8%/año después de 2 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: la tasa de reinfección de H. pylori en Bogotá es baja e inferior a la previamente informada para otras regiones de Colombia.
Colestasis neonatal: reporte de 21 casos en un hospital infantil de Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Mendoza Jorge José , De Vivero Camacho Rodrigo , Muñoz Alvarez Nelson Armando , Suarez Causado Amileth , Moneriz Pretell Carlos
Published: July 2018

La colestasis es una alteración en el flujo biliar que se presenta por la disminución o el cese de excreción biliar. En la actualidad, son pocos los estudios en Colombia sobre esta patología. Se presentan 21 casos de colestasis neonatal en un hospital infantil de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia) entre 2010 y 2013, con el objetivo de caracterizar la etiología y clínica de la enfermedad. Se seleccionaron los pacientes entre 0 y 3 meses de edad con bilirrubina directa >2 mg/dL. En este estudio se encontró que según el género, el 52,4% fueron de sexo masculino y el 47,6%, de sexo femenino. La edad gestacional predominante fue a término en el 76,2% y sin antecedentes perinatales en el 57,1%. Los hallazgos clínicos se presentaron en los primeros 30 días de nacido en un 71% y 4 pacientes fueron remitidos a trasplante hepático. La etiología más frecuente fue de tipo infeccioso en 13 de los pacientes estudiados y 4 pacientes se relacionaron con atresias. La causa más frecuente de colestasis neonatal en este estudio resultó estar asociada con etiologías infecciosas. Sin embargo, las alteraciones obstructivas, como la atresia de vías biliares, siguen ocupando un renglón impor- tante y requieren un estudio y manejo prioritario, dado su mejor pronóstico relacionado con la intervención temprana.
Neoplasias hepáticas benignas: variantes histológicas, problemas diagnósticos y diagnóstico diferencial
Authors: López Panqueva Rocio Del Pilar
Published: July 2018

Un principio básico de la patología es que las neoplasias se diferencian según sus células de origen y en el hígado semejan sus constituyentes, sean las células hepáticas, del epitelio biliar, endoteliales, mesenquima- les o una combinación de estas. Es importante recordar aquí que son las metástasis el tumor maligno más frecuente del hígado, con una relación de 30:1 en pacientes sin enfermedad hepática crónica o cirrosis subyacente; es rara la presencia de las mismas en hígados cirróticos. Las neoplasias gastrointestinales del colon, páncreas, vía biliar extrahepática, estómago, tumores neuroendocrinos y GIST, o extraintestinales del pulmón, mama, melanoma o tumores de cabeza y cuello, son las más frecuentes (1). En este artículo solo revisaremos las más frecuentes. Iniciaremos con las neoplasias benignas y las lesiones pseudotumorales haciendo especial énfasis en aquellas con dificultades diagnósticas, en la utilidad de estudios especiales de inmunohistoquímica o moleculares para su adecuada clasificación y diagnóstico diferencial.
Estimulación eléctrica del colon en pacientes con constipación
Authors: Mulett Vásquez Edelberto
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: presentar una visión general de los tratamientos actuales para el estreñimiento con técnicas basa- das en la estimulación eléctrica directa o indirecta del colon. Fuente: la búsqueda se realiza en PubMed, Science Direct e ISI Web of Knowledge usando palabras clave: estimulación eléctrica del colon, estreñimiento. Se consideraron los estudios en humanos y los estudios experi- mentales cuyo objetivo era intervenir los patrones de motilidad del colon en niños y adultos con estas técnicas. Principales conclusiones: el estreñimiento es parte de los trastornos de la motilidad gastrointestinal. Es una patología de etiología multifactorial, con grave impacto sobre la calidad de vida en los casos resistentes a la terapia convencional. La cirugía, que se utiliza en los casos más graves, no está exenta de complica- ciones y los resultados están lejos de curar a los enfermos. Algunos medicamentos han sido eficaces en la enfermedad leve, aunque en los casos graves no se ha demostrado su utilidad. Otras estrategias han sido desarrolladas e incluyen estimulación eléctrica del colon con diferentes metodologías, con el objetivo de aumentar la motilidad del órgano. Se hace una extensa revisión de la literatura disponible como punto de partida para enfocar los esfuerzos por realizar. Conclusión: la estimulación eléctrica en pacientes con estreñimiento severo es una terapia prometedora para lograr, desde el punto de vista fisiológico, el restablecimiento de la función del colon, en busca de la menor invasión posible en este grupo de pacientes.
Trasplante hepático en hemangioendotelioma epitelioide: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Marín Juan Ignacio , Santos Óscar , Muñoz Octavio , Osorio Germán , Guzmán Carlos , Hoyos Sergio , Mena Álvaro , Restrepo Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

El hemangioendotelioma epitelioide hepático es un tumor raro, de naturaleza agresiva y comportamiento impredecible, con una incidencia de menos de 1 caso por millón de personas al año. Se presenta espe- cialmente en mujeres jóvenes y con síntomas no específicos como dolor abdominal y pérdida de peso. La presentación radiológica es con múltiples nódulos o masas periféricas y bilaterales, con retracción de la cápsula, en algunos casos con calcificaciones y compromiso vascular. Debe realizarse biopsia hepática para confirmar el diagnóstico y para descartar diagnósticos alternativos como angiosarcoma, hepatocarcinoma, colangiocarcinoma y metástasis. El manejo depende de la extensión al momento de presentación, aunque solo el 10% de los casos es susceptible de resección. En las últimas décadas, el trasplante hepático se ha convertido en una opción de manejo, con series de casos aisladas reportadas por centros de trasplante en el mundo. En este artículo se presenta la experiencia de 2 pacientes con diagnóstico de hemangioendotelioma epitelioide hepático sin posibilidad de resección, confirmado histológicamente, sin compromiso extrahepático y que fueron llevados a trasplante de hígado exitoso y sin recurrencia de la enfermedad a 4 y 6 años después del trasplante.
Eficacia clínica de azatioprina (AZA) en el tratamiento de colitis ulcerativa (CU) leve a moderada, con respuesta inadecuada a manejo con esteroides
Authors: Juliao Fabián , Agudelo Yineth , Yepes Carlos , Bejarano Luis , Thorrens Jose , Jaimes Fabián
Published: July 2018

Introducción: los estudios de azatioprina (AZA) en el tratamiento de colitis ulcerativa (CU) son escasos y la mayoría tiene más de una década. Es necesario establecer la eficacia de AZA en nuestro medio, en sujetos con respuesta inadecuada a esteroides. Objetivo: evaluar en nuestra población la respuesta clínica a AZA, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, en CU con respuesta inadecuada a esteroides. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, revisando historias clínicas entre agosto de 2001 y mayo de 2014 de 215 pacientes con CU incluidos en nuestra base de datos del Hospital “Pablo Tobón Uribe”, de los cuales 69 (32%) habían recibido AZA. 30 pacientes recibieron al menos 3 meses de tratamiento con AZA en dosis óptima de al menos 2,0 mg/kg, por respuesta inadecuada a esteroides, y fueron incluidos en el estudio. Resultados: el seguimiento promedio de los pacientes fue de 20 meses (3 meses-72 meses). Se encontró remisión clínica en 17 (57%) de 30 pacientes y respuesta parcial en 12 de 30 sujetos (40%) durante 3 meses de tratamiento. Al año, de los 30 pacientes iniciales, 16 (53%) mantenían remisión clínica, 3 (10%) respuesta parcial y 5 (17%) presentaron recaídas y recibieron terapia biológica. 16 pacientes (53%) lograron suspen- sión de esteroides al año de seguimiento. Ningún paciente requirió colectomía. Conclusiones: este estudio demuestra una tasa de remisión clínica de 53% con AZA en CU leve a moderada al año de seguimiento, logrando suspender esteroides en el 53% de los pacientes. AZA es una opción terapéutica de bajo costo y segura, que puede considerarse en este grupo de pacientes previo al inicio de terapia biológica.
Una mirada actual a la peritonitis bacteriana espontánea
Authors: Holguín Cardona Andrea , Hurtado Guerra Juan José , Restrepo Gutiérrez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

La peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (PBE) es una de las principales complicaciones de los pacientes cirróti- cos con ascitis y tiene gran importancia por las altas tasas de mortalidad y de recurrencia que presenta y que pueden mejorar considerablemente si se tiene un diagnóstico oportuno y se brinda el tratamiento óptimo. Es de tener en cuenta que, incluso en pacientes asintomáticos, se ha documentado una alta prevalencia de PBE. La profilaxis primaria y secundaria se constituye como una medida de gran relevancia al mejorar la sobrevida y disminuir las tasas de incidencia o recurrencia; sin embargo, deben ser aplicadas con mucha rigurosidad y con un buen seguimiento de los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a las mismas con el fin de prevenir la aparición de resistencia antibiótica. Algunos de los factores determinantes para someter a un paciente a profilaxis antibiótica son: episodio previo de PBE, pacientes con hemorragia de tracto digestivo y pacientes con evidencia de disfunción hepática dada por bajas concentraciones de proteínas en líquido ascítico e hiperbilirrubinemia. Con el uso de las principales bases de datos biomédicas (PubMed, ClinicalKey, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus y OVID) se hizo una revisión de la literatura médica referente a la PBE, publicada tanto en español como en inglés, durante los últimos 5 años; dentro de esta se encontraron referencias bibliográficas muy valiosas, las cuales también fueron consultadas. Se evidenció cómo hay pocas publicaciones tanto a nivel latinoamericano como colombiano, dentro de las cuales se referencian algunas escritas por el mismo autor o por su grupo de trabajo.
Neoplasia mucinosa papilar de la vía biliar: reporte de caso
Authors: Gómez Martín , Riveros Javier , Otero William
Published: July 2018

La neoplasia mucinosa papilar es una enfermedad muy rara que usualmente se describe como ubicada en la vía pancreática. Presentamos un caso de una mujer con esta enfermedad aunque localizada en la vía biliar, lo cual es aún más infrecuente y constituye el primer caso descrito en Colombia. Hacemos una revisión de la literatura y una descripción de los exámenes que se usaron para llegar al diagnóstico, que incluyeron la utilidad de una nueva herramienta como es el Spyglass.
Constitutive modelling of root-reinforced granular soils – preliminary studies
Authors: Świtała Barbara , Fern E.
Published: July 2018

A novel solution for the problem of modelling of soil reinforced with vegetation roots. An extension of the Nor–Sand model and its application to granular saturated or dry, soil–root composites. Model implementation in MATLAB: numerical simulations of drained triaxial compression tests, investigation of the sensitivity of the solution to different values of model parameters. Capturing the most important features of soil–root composites. Accounting for the progressive activation of the root’s strength. Indication of the ability of further model application to large-scale problems, such as slope or dune stability.
Stabilizacja mieszanin popiołowo-żużlowych spoiwami hydraulicznymi do celów budownictwa drogowego
Authors: Zawisza Eugeniusz , Bigos Marcin , Gruchot Andrzej
Published: July 2018

The paper presents results of investigation on stabilization of the ash–slag mixture from the landfill of “Kraków” CHP Plant using: cement, lime, Terramix F22.5 and Solitex. The research included determining basic geotechnical characteristics as well as the compressive strength without and with addition of 3, 6 and 8% of a binder after 7 and 28 days of curing samples and after 28-day cycles of freezing and thawing. The results of the conducted tests and analyses were referenced to the relevant standards and the usability of the stabilized ash–slag mixture for road engineering purposes was assessed.
Wyznaczanie maksymalnego modułu ścinania popiołów składowanych na składowisku mokrym
Authors: Łukasik Stanisław , Witowski Marcin
Published: July 2018

The design of above-ground ash storage sites requires an assessment of the safety performance of the structure (GEO). This is usually done by using finite elements methods, for which the geotechnical parameters measured in the range of small deformations should be provided. The paper compares the results of the maximum shear modulus obtained on the basis of laboratory and field tests. This parameter is derived from the theory of elasticity and is a measure of the material’s reaction to external loads in the range of small deformations (10–6–10–3%). The analysis of the results assumes that the range of low deformations corresponds to the response of the soil to the applied external loads. The paper presents the dependence of the maximum shear modulus on the effective stress and void ratio obtained on the basis of tests in a triaxial cell with piezoelectric elements. To determine Gmax in situ, SASW/CSWS methods were used to measure the velocity of acoustic waves generated from the ground surface. The authors’ many years of experience prove that determining the parameters of stiffness of a medium in the range of small deformations is essential for assessing the behavior of the material under the influence of stress changes. Ash stored in the form of post-bonded suspension has a high shear strength and the results of small strain stiffness tests should form the basis for determining the parameters for numerical methods for resistance and stability calculations.
Identyfikacja, oznaczanie oraz metody klasyfikowania gruntów organicznych w aspekcie Eurokodu 7 i norm związanych
Authors: Straż Grzegorz
Published: July 2018

This paper draw attention to problems connected with recognize, classification, nomenclature and researches of organic soils according to Eurocode 7 and connected standards. Gather and put together current standard recommendation in the subject matter. Related to another guidelines and point on necessity to specify and supplement the recommendations.
Mill, rule-utilitarianism and „incoherence objection”
Authors: Cekic Nenad
Published: July 2018

So-called ?incoherence objection? or ?rule-worship? objection is one of the
most famous objections to ?rule-utilitarianism? approach to ethics. The
author analyzes two indications present in current ethical literature: 1)
that John Stuart Mill was aware of ?incoherence objection?; and 2) that some
early critics of Mill?s Utilitarianism were founded on this objection. In
the end, the author examines if John Rawls? distinction between ?summary?
and ?practice? rules could resolve the issue posed by incoherence objection.
Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Risk of Incident Diabetes in Older Women: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Massera Daniele , Biggs Mary L. , Walker Marcella D. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Ix Joachim H. , Djousse Luc , Valderrábano Rodrigo J. , Siscovick David S. , Tracy Russell P. , Xue Xiaonan , Kizer Jorge R.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship of osteocalcin (OC), a marker of bone formation, and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), a marker of bone resorption, with incident diabetes in older women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The analysis included 1,455 female participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) (mean [SD] age 74.6 [5.0] years). The cross-sectional association of serum total OC and CTX levels with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was examined using multiple linear regression. The longitudinal association of both markers with incident diabetes, defined by follow-up glucose measurements, medications, and ICD-9 codes, was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

OC and CTX were strongly correlated (r = 0.80). In cross-sectional analyses, significant or near-significant inverse associations with HOMA-IR were observed for continuous levels of OC (β = −0.12 per SD increment; P = 0.004) and CTX (β = −0.08 per SD; P = 0.051) after full adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 196 cases of incident diabetes occurred. After full adjustment, both biomarkers exhibited inverse associations with incident diabetes (OC: hazard ratio 0.85 per SD [95% CI 0.71–1.02; P = 0.075]; CTX: 0.82 per SD [0.69–0.98; P = 0.031]), associations that were comparable in magnitude and approached or achieved statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

In late postmenopausal women, lower OC and CTX levels were associated with similarly increased risks of insulin resistance at baseline and incident diabetes over long-term follow-up. Further research to delineate the mechanisms linking abnormal bone homeostasis and energy metabolism could uncover new approaches for the prevention of these age-related disorders.
Quality characteristics of parental lines of wheat mapping populations
Authors: Pasqualone Antonella , Piarulli Luciana , Mangini Giacomo , Gadaleta Agata , Blanco Antonio , Simeone Rosanna
Published: July 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the main quality traits in the parental lines of wheat segregating populations to identify the best for subsequent genetic mapping of the traits. Significant differences (p < 0.001) among wheat genotypes were observed. Many of the examined crosses appeared to be suitable for the purpose, showing differences among parental lines as high as 4.6% for protein content, 6.4% for gluten content, 69 for gluten index, 50 mL for sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume, and 33.9 g for thousand-kernel weight, whereas differences accounting for 4.8, 2.4, and 7.3 were observed for yellow index, red index and brown index, respectively. The results pointed out that for studying at the same time the quantitative and qualitative features of gluten, the wheat populations derived from Latino x MG29896 and Saragolla x 02-5B-318 could be particularly appropriate. In addition, the latter cross was suitable to deepen the knowledge of yellow index regulation.
Temperature stress in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a test for adaptation to soil temperature in three isolates of Funneliformis mosseae from different climates
Authors: Gavito Mayra E. , Azcón–Aguilar Concepción
Published: July 2018

Climate change may impose stimulations or constraints on the mycorrhizal symbiosis by increasing and fluctuating temperatures. We conducted a study to compare the soil temperature response curves (6, 12, 18, and 24 oC) of three isolates of Funneliformis mosseae from different regions and climates (Finland, Denmark, Spain), to test if the isolates from cold environments were able to grow better at lower temperatures and the isolates from warmer environments grew better at higher temperatures. The results provided clear evidence suggesting no adaptation to soil temperature in these AMF isolates. All isolates showed reduced development and very little external mycelium growth at 6 and 12 oC, and similar increased development with increasing soil temperature.  These results suggest that AMF have a narrow window to develop in cold regions where temperatures below 15 oC prevail.
Preface
Authors: Vestberg Mauritz
Published: July 2018

Starting in 1988, several European COST Actions (810, 821 and 838) have focused on understanding the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in sustainable agriculture and natural ecosystems. The latest COST Action on AMF, Action 870 “From Production to Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agricultural Systems: a Multidisciplinary Research”, ran from February 2007 to February 2011 and a total of 26 European countries participated. A meeting of WG2 and WG3 was organized in 13-15 December 2010 by MTT Agrifood Research Finland and the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. The meeting was held at the University of Jyväskylä. The general themes of the meeting were “Utilization of AMF in extreme stress conditions” (WG3) and “Quality control of AM fungal inoculum” (WG2). The role of AMF in arid, saline or heavy metal contaminated sites was discussed in several papers. Also the impact of temperature on AM function and possibilites of utilizing AMF in low- and high-input agricultural systems were discussed. Papers on the role of AMF in controlling biotic stress, i.e. plant diseases, of crops were also presented. This special issue of Agricultural and Food Science contains a selection of papers presented at the COST Action 870 meeting in Jyväskylä, December 2010.
Plantago lanceolata growth and Cr uptake after mycorrhizal inoculation in a Cr amended substrate
Authors: Nogales Amaia , Cortés Amparo , Velianos Konstantinos , Camprubí Amelia , Estaún Victoria , Calvet Cinta
Published: July 2018

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from two chromium contaminated sites, one with 275 mg kg-1 of Cr (zone A) and the other with 550 mg kg-1 Cr (zone B), were multiplied and tentatively identified. The effect of both fungal consortia on Plantago lanceolata plant growth in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg-1 of Cr and with 400 mg kg-1 Cr was assessed and compared with the growth of plants inoculated with Glomus intraradices BEG72. Only the plants inoculated with G. intraradices BEG72 and with the fungal consortia obtained from the area with a high Cr contamination (zone B) grew in the soil with 400 mg kg-1 of Cr. The consortia of fungi from zone B, decreased the plant’s uptake/translocation of the heavy metal compared with G. intraradices BEG72. These results underscore the differential effect of AM fungi in conferring bioprotection in Cr contaminated soils.
Effects of dietary rapeseed meal and peas on the performance and meat quality of broilers
Authors: Tuunainen Petra , Koivunen Erja , Valaja Jarmo , Valkonen Eija , Hiidenhovi Jaakko , Tupasela Tuomo
Published: July 2018

Performance, meat quality and litter quality were determined in 4000 male and female Ross 308 broilers fed on starter diet (soybean meal or rapeseed meal and peas) and grower-finisher diets based on either soybean meal (control) or substituting rapeseed meal or rapeseed meal and pea in different proportions (100/0%, 75/25% or 50/50%) for soybean meal in iso-nitrogenous basis. Performance of the birds fed with soybean meal diets was superior compared to that of the birds fed with rapeseed meal and pea based diets. Bird performance was the poorest and mortality the highest for the birds fed with the rapeseed meal grower diet. In this experiment birds did not reach performance target for the age and strain of bird. Overall, diet based solely on rapeseed meal protein is not suitable for broiler production. However, dietary rapeseed meal inclusion clearly improved fatty acid profile of breast meat. The omega-6/omega-3-ratio was 4.1, 2.4 and 2.7 for soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and rapeseed meal and peas based diets, respectively. There were no differences in sensory quality evaluation of breast meat between the treatments.
Empirical “first-filter” test for the existence of buyer power in the Finnish food supply chain
Authors: Niemi Jyrki , Liu Xing
Published: July 2018

Buyer power and competition policy in food supply chains has emerged as an important economic issue and a highly sensitive item on the policy agenda around the world. In Finland, the increasing concentration of the distribution sector and processing industry has raised concern over the existence and gradual growth of buyer power in these sectors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible existence of buyer power in the Finnish food supply chain. More specifically, we follow an approach used by Lloyd et al. (2009) to measure oligopsony power among the Finnish food industry and retailers against farmers. The results suggest that the spread between producer and retailer prices in Finland is not consistent with perfectly competitive behaviour, and might thus be caused, at least as a candidate amongst other factors, by the existence of oligopsony power in the Finnish food supply chain.
The effect of rootstock on apple tree bearing stability in a cooler climate
Authors: Kviklys Darius , Čeidaitė Alina , Lanauskas Juozas , Uselis Nobertas , Samuolienė Giedrė
Published: July 2018

The effect of rootstock on apple yield, productivity and alternate bearing was investigated at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry during a six-year period in a full bearing orchard. Apple cultivars ‘Ligol’ and ‘Auksis’ grafted on M.26 semi-dwarf rootstock; M.9, B.396, P 66, P 67 and Pure 1 dwarf rootstocks; and P 59, P 22, P 61, P 62 and PB.4 super-dwarf rootstocks were tested. Rootstock had a significant effect on apple tree growth, average yield and cumulative yield efficiency. Alternate apple bearing did not depend on rootstock vigour. Constant correlations between bearing regularity, average yield and cumulative yield efficiency were not established and differed on a cultivar or rootstock level. On the average of both tested cultivars, a more regular apple yield was recorded on Pure 1, P 59 and B.396 rootstocks. A significantly higher alternate bearing index was established on P 67, P 62 and M.9 rootstocks.
Soil temperature regimes in Finland
Authors: YLI-HALLA M. , MOKMA D.
Published: July 2018

Soil temperature regime substantially influences soil classification in Soil Taxonomy particularly in temperate areas. To facilitate correct classification of soils of Finland, the temperature regimes in soils of the country were determined. The mean annual soil temperature, measured at 50 cm below soil surface, ranged from 6.4°C at the warmest site (Anjala) to 1.9°C at the coldest one (Utsjoki, Kevo), and the mean summer soil temperature from 13.7°C to 6.2°C at the same stations, all being in the range of the cryic temperature regime. The mean annual soil temperature was 2 to 5°C higher than the mean annual air temperature, the difference (Y, °C) depending on the duration of snow coverage (X, days) according to the following equation: Y = 0.0305 X - 2.16, R2 = 0.91, n = 9. Even soils of the warmest areas in southern Finland and the mineral soils of the coldest areas in the north, at least for the most part, have cryic soil temperature regimes. Therefore, most soils of Finland, classified according to Soil Taxonomy, have names where the cryic temperature regime appears on the suborder or great group level.;
Salt content labelling of foods in supermarkets in Finland
Authors: NÄRHINEN M. , NISSINEN A. , PENTTILÄ P.-L.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which lightly salted food products are included in the assortments of Finnish supermarkets and prominently placed on shelves. The study was carried out in eastern Finland in four supermarkets of different food chains. Six food groups of importance for people's salt intake were considered. The food labels of 689 packaged food products were checked for salt and sodium information on the basis of Finnish regulations on salt. Products with reduced salt contents were found in most food groups but not among whole-meat or ready-to-eat foods. Half of the products with reduced amounts of salt were labelled "lightly salted". All four supermarkets had a similar assortment of lightly salted products. From the public health point of view, the food industry should increase the supply of lightly salted products, and make a special effort to develop lightly salted ready-to-eat foods.
Effect of supplemental vitamin E on the performance of growing-finishing pigs fed stored versus freshly harvested barley and on the storage stability and eating quality of frozen pork
Authors: SUOMI K. , PARTANEN K. , ALAVIUHKOLA T.
Published: July 2018

A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted with 80 growing-finishing pigs to evaluate effects of barley storage (stored barley harvested the previous year or freshly harvested barley) and supplemental vitamin E (0, 40, 80 or 160 mg/kg as all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate) on pig performance and the storage stability and eating quality of frozen pork. Pigs were fed isoenergetic barley-soybean meal diets and vitamin E was rationed on the top of feed, a 2-d dose at a time. Stored and freshly harvested barley contained 33.5 and 31.2 mg/kg of vitamin E in the beginning and 33.0 and 38.7 mg/kg at the end of the study, respectively. Supplemental vitamin E had a quadratic effect on pig growth (P < 0.05), the greatest weight gains being observed with 40 mg/kg of supplemental vitamin E in both barley diets. Vitamin E supplementation increased linearly serum (P < 0.001) and quadratically back fat a-tocopherol (P < 0.01). Plasma gluthathione peroxidase activity increased as pigs grew older (P < 0.001), and at slaughter it decreased linearly with supplemental vitamin E (P < 0.05). Dietary vitamin E supplementation did not affect the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or the organoleptic quality of pork stored frozen (-18°C) for 16 weeks. The TBARS content of pork increased with time (0 to 8 d) thawed meat was displayed under fluorescent light at 8°C (P < 0.001) which was detected as a poorer taste. In conclusion, supplemental dietary vitamin E above 40 mg/kg feed does not improve pig performance nor the storage stability or eating quality of frozen pork when freshly harvested or stored barley from good harvest conditions is fed to growing-finishing pigs.;
Effect of enlarged cage space and access to earthen floor on locomotor and digging activity of blue foxes
Authors: KORHONEN H.T. , JAUHIAINEN L. , NIEMELÄ P.
Published: July 2018

The experiment was carried out in order to clarify rebound effect of different-sized wire-mesh cages and access to an earthen floor on activity, floor preference and digging motivation in adult male blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) . The experimental set-up employed a construction in which the solitary animal spent the first 2 weeks in a small, raised wire-mesh floored cage (80 cm long x 105 cm wide x 70 cm high). Thereafter, cage length was enlarged from 80 to 120 cm for a further 2 weeks and then to 240 cm. Finally, the fox also had free access to an earthen floor cage at ground level (80 cm long x 105 cm wide x 70 cm high). The behaviour of each experimental animal was video-recorded for 240 hours in each housing option. The results showed that the amount of locomotor activity did not significantly increase despite enlarged cage space and access to the earthen floor. Seventy five % of activity bouts were no longer than 6 minutes. The shortest bouts were observed in large cage with access to an earthen floor. Foxes significantly preferred a raised wire-mesh floor to an earthen floor at ground level. Provision of an earthen floor did not motivate foxes to dig.;
The effect of incorporation time of different crops on the residual effect on spring cereals
Authors: KÄNKÄNEN H. , KANGAS A. , MELA T.
Published: July 2018

The effect of the time of incorporation of different green manures and barley residues on the grain yield of spring cereals in two successive seasons was studied in seven field trials. Annual hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), westerwold ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum) and straw of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were incorporated into the soil by ploughing in early September, late October and the following May, and by reduced tillage in May. Spring barley was established in the following spring, and spring oats (Avena sativa L.) one year later. In general the grain yield of spring barley after legumes was similar to that after barley, in spite of the fact that N fertilization was reduced by 40 kg ha-1. The two autumn ploughing treatments resulted in a good yield of spring barley more reliably than did the spring incorporations. Because delayed autumn ploughing did not decrease the grain yield, a delaying procedure can be recommended for its potential of decreasing nitrogen leaching. Spring ploughing could be used on all but clay soils. Incorporating ryegrass or red clover in spring by using reduced tillage often decreased the grain yield of barley. Timing of incorporation did not have a consistent effect on the grain yield of oats in the third experimental year.;
Use of individual race results in the estimation of genetic parameters of trotting performance for Finnhorse and Standardbred trotters
Authors: THUNEBERG-SELONEN T. , PÖSÖ J. , MÄNTYSAARI E.
Published: July 2018

The heritability and repeatability for trotting performance traits were estimated from individual race results. Data comprised of records from 1991 to 1995 for 4808 Finnhorses and from 1993 to 1995 for 5869 Standardbred trotters. The statistical model included the additive genetic effect of an animal and two permanent environmental effects, and the fixed effects of sex, age, starting method*starting lane combination, driver and race. The first permanent environmental effect described repeatability over a horses career while the second one characterized repeatability within a racing year. Variance components for three trotting performance traits were estimated by the animal model and the method of restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Heritability and repeatability estimates were moderately high for time at finish (h 2 =0.230.28 and r=0.500.57), moderate for ranking within a race (h 2 =0.12 and r=0.25) and low for earnings (h 2 =0.050.09 and r=0.150.18). Time at finish seemed to be the most usable measure of trotting performance because of its wide information substance. However, time at finish does not take into account records of disqualified horses or of those which did not finish, but use of earnings, either from individual race results or preferably from annual records, is one possible way to consider records of such horses.;
Undersowing Italian ryegrass diminishes nitrogen leaching from spring barley
Authors: LEMOLA R. , TURTOLA E. , ERIKSSON C.
Published: July 2018

Nitrogen (N) leaching from spring barley with and without undersown Italian ryegrass was studied in Jokioinen, south-western Finland during five years (summer 1993spring 1998) in 1.7 m deep lysimeters (Ø0.9 m) filled to 1.1 m with clay, silt, sand and peat soil. Tillage was performed in mid- October or in May, before sowing of the barley and ryegrass for the next season. In the second, third and fourth years of the experiment, total N leaching from barley without undersown ryegrass was 15, 7.9,32 and 38 kg ha-1 y-1 in clay, silt, sand and peat soil, respectively. Undersowing reduced N leaching by 52,31,68 and 27%. The reduction in N leaching from clay and sand when barley was undersown with ryegrass was nearly the same as the increased total uptake of N (barley +ryegrass).In sand soil, ryegrass was able to diminish the NO 3-N concentration of the drainage water well below the limit for acceptable drinking water. Spring tillage reduced N leaching only on peat soil (16%). Slight competition between the main and the undersown crop was indicated by lower N contents of the barley yield.;
Calibration of a desktop scanner and digital image analysis procedure for quantification of root morphology
Authors: SIMOJOKI A.
Published: July 2018

Methodological tests with dark metal wires and barley roots showed that selecting proper scanner brightness adjustment is crucial when calibrating a desktop scanner for digital image analysis of root morphology. At high brightness the digitization of roots was incomplete, and thus the real length and width of the roots were underestimated. Lowering of the brightness improved the digitization, whereas stronger staining of the roots alone was not effective. Inaccurate results were produced also, if the size of the scanned sample was too large. The variation caused by the scanning and image analysis itself was minimal. A small amount of dry matter was lost from the roots during the preservation in the ethanol solution for several months before scanning. If absolute data on root masses are required, this loss cannot be neglected. Subsampling is strongly recommended to reduce the time required for the procedure. ;
Influence of changes in crop cultivation areas on pollen contents of honey (Research Note)
Authors: VARIS A.-L.
Published: July 2018

Pollen counts were done on honey collected by a Finnish honey corporation in late summer 1997 from the entire beekeeping area of Finland. The most common pollen type was Brassicaceae pollen, which was represented by 60% of the grains counted. It was followed by Salix spp. (10%), Trifolium repens + T. hybridum (10%) and T. pratense + T. medium (6.5%) species. Pollen grains of Phacelia spp, Filipendula ulmaria, Apiaceae, Sorbus aucuparia, Malus domestica, and Rubus idaeus were also numerous. These pollen types constituted 96% of all the pollen examined. These results and those of the earlier pollen counts in Finland were compared with the cultivation areas of the most important nectariferous crops. In the 1930s white clover was the most important honey source in Finland and its pollen was very dominant in honey. Since the 1950s oilseed crops have been grown in increasing rates and pure timothy-meadow fescue pastures and hay stands with heavy N applications have decreased the share of Trifolium species. The proportion of Brassicaceae pollen has continuously increased with the increase of the growing area of turnip rape Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera and rape, B. napus ssp. oleifera. At the same time the proportion of T. repens + T. hybridum pollen has decreased so that their mutual relationships are now reversed compared to the beginning of the 1960s. Changes in land use were thus very clearly to be seen in the pollen content of honey.;
Soils in an agricultural landscape of Jokioinen, south-western Finland
Authors: YLI-HALLA M. , MOKMA D. L.
Published: July 2018

Eleven pedons in an agricultural landscape at elevations 80-130 m above sea level in Jokioinen, south-western Finland were investigated and classified according to Soil Taxonomy, the FAO-Unesco system (FAO), and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources system (WRB). The soils were related to geomorphology of the landscape which is characterized by clayey fields and forested bedrock high areas covered with glacial till. A Spodosol/Podzol was found in a coarse-sandy soil in an esker while the sandy loam in a bedrock high area soils did not have an E horizon. A man-made mollic epipedon was found in a cultivated soil which had a sandy plow layer while clayey plow layers were ochric epipedons. Cambic horizons, identified by structure and redox concentrations, were common in cultivated soils. In a heavy clay soil, small slickensides and wedge-shaped aggregates, i.e., vertic characteristics, were found. Histosols occurred in local topographic depressions irrespective of the absolute elevation. According to the three classification systems, the following catenas are recognized: Haplocryods - Dystro/Eutrocryepts -Haplocryolls - Cryaquepts - Cryosaprists (Soil Taxonomy), Podzols - Regosols - Cambisols - Histosols (FAO-Unesco), and Podzols - Cambisols - Phaeozems - Gleysols - Histosols (WRB).;
Yield trends of temperate cereals in high latitude countries from 1940 to 1998
Authors: SLAFER G. A. , PELTONEN-SAINIO P.
Published: July 2018

Wheat is the only temperate cereal for which yield trends have been exhaustively analysed on both global and national bases. This paper aims (i) to compare global yield trends of wheat, barley, oat and rye for the last five decades, (ii) to analyse their yield trends in Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland, the northernmost limits for extensive agriculture, and (iii) using case studies, to assess the relative contribution to yield gains made by cereal breeding. Average global yield data from FAO were regressed against years using linear or bilinear regressions. Yield gains in absolute and relative terms were calculated for comparison among countries and cereals. Data from the literature were used to assess the estimated contributions made by breeding to yield gains. Global yield trends were not standard throughout the 1950-1998 period: rye exhibited a constant yield gain (c. 28 kg ha-1 y-1), while barley and oat showed marked increases until around 1970 (c. 38 and 32 kg ha-1 y-1, respectively) but quite modest increases (c.19 and 5 kg ha-1 y-1, respectively) over the last 30 years. Wheat also showed a bilinear trend with only limited yield gains until the 1960s, followed by a more than 3-fold increase in rate of yield gain from then on (16 and 40 kg ha-1 y-1, respectively). However, during the 1990s wheat yield gains have been less than previously. Hence, global yields of barley, oat and wheat have increased very slowly lately. Trends for each combination of cereals and countries indicated consistently higher yields during the 1990s than at mid-century. In general, wheat yield tended to increase at a faster rate than yield of the other cereals. There was a trend in the last decade of low rates of yield increase compared with those of previous decades. This was clear for oat and barley, and a similar trend is emerging for wheat. This suggests that genetic and/or management improvements have had less effect in recent times. Furthermore, we found preliminary evidence to suggest that with the exception of wheat in Canada, genetic contributions in northern areas were smaller than those reported for wheat and barley at lower latitudes. Therefore, alternative approaches must be sought for future breeding work under these high latitude conditions. ;
Insecticidal, repellent, antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity of essential oils: With special reference to limonene and its suitability for control of insect pests
Authors: IBRAHIM M.A. , KAINULAINEN P. , AFLATUNI A.
Published: July 2018

The interest in the use of monoterpenes for insect pest and pathogen control originates from the need for pesticide products with less negative environmental and health impacts than highly effective synthetic pesticides. The expanding literature on the possibility of the use of these monoterpenes is reviewed and focused on the effects of limonene on various bioorganisms. Limonene is used as insecticide to control ectoparasites of pet animals, but it has activity against many insects, mites, and microorganisms. Possible attractive effects of limonene to natural enemies of pests may offer novel applications to use natural compounds for manipulation of beneficial animals in organic agriculture. However, in few cases limonene-treated plants have become attractive to plant damaging insects and phytotoxic effects on cultivated plants have been observed. As a plant-based natural product limonene and other monoterpenes might have use in pest and weed control in organic agriculture after phytotoxicity on crop plants and, effects on non-target soil animals and natural enemies of pest have been investigated
Blue sticky traps are more efficient for the monitoring of Lygus rugulipennis (Heteroptera: Miridae) than yellow sticky traps
Authors: HOLOPAINEN J.K. , RAISKIO S. , WULFF A.
Published: July 2018

Lygus bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) are important pests of several crop plants. For the development of an efficient monitoring and forecasting system for Lygus densities, low catches of bugs with yellow sticky traps have been a problem. We determined the spectral reflectance of yellow and blue traps and compared their catches of Lygus spp. during five consecutive growing seasons in carrot fields, with additional data collected from other crop plants. Blue sticky traps caught significantly more omnivorous Lygus rugulipennis (Popp.) than yellow sticky traps in carrot fields. Lygus kalmi (L.) that is a typical species in carrot fields, was equally caught by yellow and blue traps. Our results suggest that blue sticky traps are a convenient method for monitoring of L. rugulipennis especially during the seedling stage of cultivated carrot plants when sweep netting cannot be used. Factors affecting the efficiency of blue sticky traps to capture omnivorous bugs and thrips are discussed.
Fluid milk consumption and demand response to advertising for non-alcoholic beverages
Authors: RICKERTSEN K. , GUSTAVSEN G.V
Published: July 2018

Norwegian fluid milk consumption has declined steadily over the last twenty years, despite the dairy industry spending increasing amounts of money on advertising. Using a two-stage model, we investigate whether advertising has increased the demand for milk. No effect of advertising on the demand for non-alcoholic beverages is found in the first stage. In the second stage, an almost ideal demand system including advertising expenditures on competing beverages is estimated. The effects of generic advertising within the beverage group are positive and significant for whole milk and negative and significant for lower fat milk. The own-advertising elasticity for the combined fluid milk group is 0.0008. This highly inelastic elasticity suggests that increased advertising will not be profitable for the producers. Several cross-advertising effects are statistically significant, emphasizing the usefulness of a demand system approach.
Reduced tillage: Influence on erosion and nutrient losses in a clayey field in southern
Authors: KOSKIAHO J. , KIVISAARI S. , VERMEULEN S.
Published: July 2018

Reduced tillage was compared with traditional ploughing in terms of erosion and phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) losses in an experimental field in southern Finland. One part of the field has been ploughed (treatment PF) and the other part harrowed (treatment NPF) every autumn since 1986. Flow volume and water quality data was collected separately from surface runoff and subsurface drainage waters during 1991-1995 (surface runoff volume since 1993). Erosion was higher in PF (on average 234 kg ha-1yr-1 in drainage flow and 479 kg ha-1 yr-1 in surface runoff) than in NPF (158 kg ha-1yr-1 in drainage flow and 160 kg ha-1yr-1 in surface runoff). Total N loss in drainage flow was also higher in PF (7.2 kg ha-1yr-1) than in NPF (4.6 kg ha-1yr-1). Total P losses did not differ much