bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Subalternity: A Postcolonial Analysis of the Subalternised Other through Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide
Authors: Dahiya Disha
Published: December 2023

This research paper delves into the post-colonial narrative presented in Amitav Ghosh's novel, The Hungry Tide, published in 2004. Through a post-colonial lens, the paper examines how Ghosh's narration captures the intricate interplay between identity, representation, and power dynamics in the Sundarbans region shared by India and Bangladesh. The novel portrays the 'Subalternised Other', individuals and communities which are marginalised and silenced by dominant forces; it sheds light on their struggles for agency, voice, and recognition. Drawing upon the works of M.H. Abrams, Antonio Gramsci, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, the paper explores the significance of the terms "Subaltern" and "Other" in the context of postcolonial studies through this text. It analyses how Ghosh's characters, including Piya, Kanai, Nirmal, Fokir, Kusum, Moyna, and the Morichjhapi refugees, represent the diverse manifestations of subordination based on class, caste, age, gender, and ethnicity. Overall, this article is a vivid academic demonstration of how The Hungry Tide offers a compelling exploration of the 'Subalternised Other', inviting readers to critically reflect on representation, identity, and the urgency of embracing diversity and harmonious coexistence within societies in a post-colonial context.
Antimicrobial and Phytochemistry in Lichens
Authors: Bhaisare Dr. Manmohan S.
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The present study conducted with the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties in Lichen. Lichen product have been used in traditional medicine for accent period. Indian populated Lichen species like, Parmotrema perlatum, Cetraria Islandica, Bryoria fremontil was most widely used liken were chosen for the study. The extract present with Flavonic Glycosides, Saponins, Volatil Oil, Cummarins, Qunine and Carotenoids. The antimicrobial activity come out by agar well diffusion method. The ethyl acetate fraction of Bryoria fremontil and Cetraria Islandica was found to most effective against all bacterial pathogen and fungus phytopathogens. The extract of Cetraria and parmotrema found to be most inhibiting fungal pathogens as compared to bacterial. The Lichen extract tested antimicrobial activity which suggest their use in treatment of various disease caused by microorganism
The Effectiveness of Using Apples and Papayas in Reducing the Debris Index Score in Children with Mild Mental Retardation
Authors: Boy Hendry , Faridho Muhammad Al , Nurmawi Yesi
Published: December 2023

One of the supporting factors causing dental caries is debris or leftover food around the teeth. The fiber and water content of apples can stimulate the speed of salivary secretion and neutralize acidic substances in the mouth and also have an effect on reducing the debris index. Consumption of fresh fruit rich in vitamins and minerals and water can encourage self-cleaning of the teeth, papaya is a plant source of vitamins, minerals and water. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using apples and papayas in reducing the debris index score in mildly mentally retarded children at SLBN 2 Jambi City. The type of research used in this study was quasi-experimental while the research design used was two group pre-test and post-test debris index observed twice, namely before treatment and after treatment with a total sample of 32 people with a total sampling technique. Based on the results of the study there was a significant difference in the average debris index between before and after chewing apples p value 0.000 and papayas p value 0.000. There is a significant difference in the average difference in debris index reduction between the use of apples compared to papayas with a p value of 0.000. Keywords: Apple, papayas, debris indeks, mildly mentally retarded
Facial Nerve Paralysis After Dental Extraction
Authors: Sun Chia Earn , Mohamad Irfan , Noh Khairul Bariah , Ong Fei Ming
Published: December 2023

Parotitis is inflammation of the parotid gland caused by infection, either virus or bacteria. Facial nerve palsy with an associated parotid mass should always be investigated for underlying neoplasm. Facial nerve palsy is an unusual symptom of inflammation of the parotid gland. We report two cases of unilateral facial paralysis associated with acute parotitis. The patients experience ipsilateral facial paralysis, accompanied by additional symptoms that varied between cases. Infective causes of facial nerve palsy usually have good prognosis.
Keywords: Parotid gland, Facial nerve, Facial paralysis; Parotitis, Neoplasm
Characterization of VIM, VEB and CTX-M Beta-lactamase Gene in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Urine Samples of Patients Visiting a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki
Authors: Ilang Donatus Chukwuma , Peter Ikemesit Udeme , Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus
Published: December 2023

The spread and convergence of multiple beta-lactamase genes across distinct resistant bacterial populations from various hosts and settings demonstrates increased risk of morbidity and mortality in humans. This study was undertaken to characterize blaVIM, blaVEB and blaCTX-M beta-lactamase gene in Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa isolates from patients visiting a tertiary hospital in Abakaliki. A total of three hundred (300) urine samples were collected from patients and were subjected to bacteriological examination using culture, Gram staining and biochemical technique, for routine microbiological identification and further confirmed using the VITEK-2 Automated System (Biomerieux, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility studies were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. All isolate were further screen for various beta-lactamase resistant gene by PCR using specific primer. Of the 300 urine samples collected, prevalence rate of 187 (62.3%) and 91 (30.3 %) E. coli and P. aeruginosa were recorded. The isolates exhibited 50.0-100% percentage of resistance to Amoxycillin-Clavulanic acid, Azetronam, Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone and Piperacillin/tazobactam. The proportion of beta-lactamase gene in E. coli were as follows (VEB 143/76.5 %; CTX-M 175/93.5 %; VIM 77/41.2 %) while beta-lactamase gene in P. aeruginosa were as follows (VEB 91/100 %; CTX-M 63/69.2%; VIM 48/52.7 %). The presence of these gene in our study indicates the possibility of therapeutic failure, serious consequences for infection control and increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients. Hence, continuous effort in hospital surveillance, infection control, and clinical audits must be conducted to fight against the rapid development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria pathogens. Keywords: Beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, VIM, VEB, CTX-M
Nanomaterials as targeted delivery system of therapeutics for inhibition of cancer
Authors: Mandal Ardhendu Kumar
Published: December 2023

Cancer, a disease with complex pathological process, is the principal cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Conventional chemotherapy faces drawbacks regarding its low bioavaiability, insolubility, high dose requirements, low therapeutic indices, cytotoxicity, multiple drug resistance-development, biological barriers related obstruction, and non-specific targeting. Cancer drug resistance includes over-expression of drug efflux transporters, hypoxic environment, and defective apoptotic pathways. To overcome these discrepancies, a lot of nanomaterials (NMs), as emerging delivery system, have attracted attention for carrying and delivering therapeutics to the desired sites of interest. For improving the targeting potential of the anticancer cargos, NMs are optimized for their sizes, shapes, and surfaces for enhancing their circulation time and targeting efficiency. The NMs through encapsulation or conjugation of cargos with ligands may target them to the cancer site/s with enhanced therapeutic efficacy in a controlled release manner. Generally, NMs, as cancer therapy, are utilized to target cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and immune system mainly through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect¸­ stimuli-responsive targeting or modifying their surfaces with targeting ligands such as transferin, integrins, sugar, folic acid and antibodies for the enhancement of tissue targeting recognition and their internalization. This review demonstrates mainly the biomedical applications of NMs as delivery vehicles or systems functionalized with ligands and therapeutic agents to target cancer cells / tissues passively, actively or physically with higher inhibitory therapeutic efficacies against cancer.

Keywords: Cancer; Conventional chemotherapy; Nanomaterials; Biomedical applications; Therapeutic targeting; Inhibitory therapeutic efficacies
Effect of Zimad (Unani pharmacopeial liniment) in the management of Knee osteoarthritis: A case study
Authors: Shaikh Sadaf T.A. , Anwar Mohd. , Yasir Mohammad , Fareed Rooshi
Published: December 2023

Knee osteoarthritis (Knee OA) is the most common Musculo-skeletal disorder, which causes functional disability thus, increasing the economic burden in the society. In conventional medicine it has been treated with various drugs i.e., NSAIDs, cox inhibitors and steroids. Although these drugs pose only symptomatic relief. In Unani medicine Osteoarthritis is treated with variety of regimens and drugs. Among these regimens Zimad (liniments) prepared with number of single Unani pharmacopeial drugs that exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-arthritic actions.  Keeping this in mind a case study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Zimad containing drugs including Zingiber officinale Rosc, Saussurea lappa, Colchimum autumnale, Myristica fragrans Houtt and Matricara chamomile in the management of Knee OA for 14 sittings of alternate application for 28 days. A female patient with chief complaints of pain in left knee joint, along with the swelling, joint stiffness and mild tenderness feeling severe pain while performing daily activity for last 8 months was treated at IPD of the AKTC, AMU, Aligarh. The patient was assessed at baseline, 14th day and 28th day on the basis of changes in subjective and objective parameters. At the end of the treatment patient got significant relief in subjective (pain, joint stiffness and ROM) and objective parameters (VAS and WOMAC). The present study reveals that Zimad is safe and effective in the treatment of Knee OA without any side effect. Therefore, further randomized clinical studies need to be carried out to validate the effectiveness of Zimad in the management of Knee OA.

Keywords: Ilaj Bit Tadbeer, Knee osteoarthritis, Sesquiterpene lactone, Waja’ al-Rukba, Zimad, Zingiberene
Prevalence and Determinants of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Use Among Subjects with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in a Tertiary Institution in South East Nigeria
Authors: Abonyi Michael Chinweuba , Ezeude Chidiebele Malachy , Ugwueze Valentine Chidiebere , Nwatu Chidinma Brenda , Nkpozi Marcellinus Okafor , Young Ekenechukwu Esther
Published: December 2023

Background: There is limited data on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Nigeria. This study aims to examine the prevalence, types, and determinants of CAM use among T2DM patients in Southeast Nigeria.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 250 diabetic patients who attended the DM clinic in a tertiary institution in South East Nigeria. Each participant completed a questionnaire which had sections on demography, diabetes-related information, and CAM use details. Data collated was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 for windows.

Results: The prevalence of CAM use in this study was 34%. After adjustment; the logistic regression results showed that CAM use was significantly associated with age, and place of residence. The most commonly used type of CAM by participants were bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) (56.5%), followed by bitter cola (Garcinia kola) (47%), scent leaf (African basil) (40%), moringer (20%), utazi (Gongronema latifolium) 17.7%), and aloe vera (7.1%) before the rest. The majority of CAM users were referred to use CAM by friends (68.2%), family members (25.9%), or media (14.1%). Most subjects (75.5%) used CAM concurrently with orthodox medications and only 32.9%% knew the constituents of the CAM they were using. However, gender, marital status, occupation, educational level, income, and DM duration did not significantly associate with CAM use in this study.

Key words. Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Diabetes Mellitus

Conclusions: The prevalence of CAM use was high among diabetics. Further studies to isolate and purify the constituents responsible for the anti-glycemic activity of each compound may be needed in the future.
Effect of Croscormellose Sodium in Sustained Release Layer of Valsartan in Bilayer Tablet with Clopidogrel as Immediate Drug Release and Valsartan as Sustained Drug Release
Authors: Fatima Hajra , Mohammed Shahid , Begum Arshiya
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to design and evaluate bilayer tablets of clopidogrel as immediate release and quick relief and valsartan for sustained release and check the effect of croscarmellose sodium (2%) in Carbopol for sustained release action. Bilayer tablets was prepared using direct compression method. Super disintegrants such as Crospovidone, Croscarmellose sodium were evaluated for immediate release of clopidogrel. Polymers HPMC K4, guar gum, ethyl cellulose and carbopol for controlling release of Valsartan. The compressed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro drug release in 0.1N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. All the pre and post compression parameters were found to be within the acceptable limits. The formulations were optimized based on results of dissolution and formulations CF5 for immediate release & VF11 for sustained release. VF11 was formulated with addition of superdisentigrant and showed better controlled release and dissolution similar to VF8. The release kinetics of Valsartan was subject to curve fitting analysis in order to identify the best fit kinetic model. The regression analysis proves that VF11 follow first order release and drug release by diffusion process based on Fick’s law of diffusion. The data for stability studies infer no considerable change in drug content, dissolution rates and other quality control test were within limits.

Keywords: Bilayer tablets, clopidogrel, valsartan, direct compression method.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Gabapentin Loaded Transferosomal Gel
Authors: Fatima Aimen , Quraishi Nabila , Babu M. Suresh
Published: December 2023

Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant which is primarily used to treat peripheral neuropathy. It belongs to class III drugs having High solubility and low permeability. The present study is carried out on formulation and invitro evaluation of Gabapentin Transferosomal gel by using various surfactants, polymers. The Transferosomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique. Different proportions of surfactants have been utilized such as span 80 and tween 80. 8 distinctive formulations of Gabapentin transferosomes had been formulated and evaluated for parameters like FTIR, Organoleptic evaluation, Drug content, Entrapment efficiency, Invitro diffusion studies, SEM, Zeta potential and particle size analysis, pH, Spreadability, Viscosity, Stability testing and Kinetic studies. The optimized formulation Gf6 confirmed Entrapment efficiency of 86.54%, Drug content 96.11% Zeta potential of -31.64Mv, particle size of 164.2nm, In-vitro drug release ranging from (75.15- 89.37%). The drug release data of selected formulation confirmed desirable fit into Zero order and Peppas release Kinetics. Overall, it can be concluded that the transferosomal gel can overcome problems associated with convectional routes of drug delivery.

Keywords: Gabapentin, Transferosomes, Edge activators, Thin film hydration method.
A Prospective Observational Study to Assess Medication Adherence and Health Related Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Cheryl Shania D’mello , Spandana M , Nayana R , Ruhana ,
Published: December 2023

Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD) patients belong to the group of subjects with large burden of daily pill intake. Failure of adherence to these medications can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, cost, and burden on health care system. Therefore, good medication adherence is important to obtain desired therapeutic outcome which in turn improves the quality of life.

The objective of this study is to assess medication adherence and health related quality of life in CKD patients.

A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months at Indiana Hospital and Heart Institute, Mangalore. Total 100 participants diagnosed with CKD were enrolled for the study. Permission from the Ethical Committee was taken and informed consent was obtained from the study subjects before initiating the study. Demographic, clinical and treatment details were collected in a specially designed data collection forms. Patient’s adherence to the medication was assessed with the help of Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) and patient’s quality of life was assessed using Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF). The data was expressed using descriptive statistics and analyzed using Chi square test, Mann Whitney test, and Spearman Correlation Statistics.

Out of 100 patients enrolled in the study, 63 were male and 37 were female. The average number of medicines taken in a day by each patient was 10. 12% of the study population was completely adherent to the drug therapy. BMQ had 3 domains in which 39% of the patients were adherent and 61% were non adherent to the Regimen screen, 68% were adherent and 32% were non adherent to the Belief screen, and 31% were adherent and 69% were non adherent to the Recall screen. High cost of medicine (69%), Complex dosing schedule (68%), and Unaware about seriousness of condition or use of medicine (63%) were most common reasons for Non-adherence. Using KDQOL questionnaire, mean scores for Dialysis staff encouragement (96.25±9.31) and Quality of social interaction (87.86±17.48) were high whereas Physical role (4.75±16.92) and Emotional role (13.03±31.44) were found to be low.

These results indicate that non adherence to medications leads to deteriorating quality of life and high therapeutic complexity.
Quercetin and Omega-3 fatty acid averts the deleterious effects of Cadmium on NO, NOS, anti-oxidants and MDA levels in rats
Authors: Gekpe C. G. , Chukwu John A O , Ofem O. E.
Published: December 2023

Cadmium is a ubiquitous heavy metal and a toxic pollutant in the biosphere which has been implicated as one of the factors responsible for infertility. Infertility in animals is one of the most widespread problems with 48.5 million of the world population being infertile. This study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 and/or quercetin on cadmium- induced alterations in nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and anti-oxidants levels. 42 Wistar rats were assigned into 7 groups of 6 rats each and fed for 8 weeks with normal rat feed and drinking water. The treatment groups took either of cadmium chloride, omega-3 fatty acid and/or quercetin. The sham control groups 1 and 2 took olive oil (0/1mL/kg body wt. o.p) and DMSO (1mL/kg body wt. o.p) respectively. Serum was collected for measurement of the biochemical assay. Results obtained showed no significant differences were observed in all the parameters assayed between the sham control groups and the normal control. The LD50 for cadmium was 3.90mg/kg bw. Concentrations of NO, NOS reduced significantly in Cd groups compared with control, omega-3 and/or quercetin groups. SOD, CAT, GPx reduced significantly (p<0.05) while MDA increased significantly in Cd groups compared with control, omega-3 and/or quercetin groups. In conclusion, administration of quercetin or omega-3 ameliorates the adverse effects of Cd on NO, NOS, antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx), and MDA levels. A combination of both quercetin and omega-3 produced a better ameliorating effect than when given singly.

Keywords: Cadmium, Omega-3, quercetin, NO, NOS, anti-oxidants, MDA, rats.
Effect of Ethanolic Fraction of Anogeissus Leiocarpa on Renal Function in Wistar Rat
Authors: KOUANGBE Mani Adrien , COULIBALY Ouolouho Seydou , DIBY Yao Bernard , N’GUESSAN Jean David
Published: December 2023

Objective : This study investigated the effects of acute administration of ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa on renal function in Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods : Wistar albino spawn and Anogeissus leiocarpa root bark were used as biological material for this study. The method employed was to administer single doses of ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa root bark orally. Urine and blood samples were collected followed by measurement of renal markers (blood and urine urea and creatinine levels, urea and creatinine clearance).

Results: Serum urea and creatinine levels were unchanged compared with controls. In contrast, extract and furosemide caused a significant (p < 0.001), dose-dependent increase in urinary creatinine. Ethanolic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa, at doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg bw, significantly increased creatinine and urea clearance and thus glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusion : Levels and clearances of urea and creatinine, kidney biomarkers, were not altered. This study shows that the extract is not nephrotoxic.

Keywords : Anogeissus leiocarpa, glomerular filtration rate, nephrotoxic, urea, creatinine
A Review of Different Approaches for Improving Curcumin Bioavailability
Authors: Joshi Saurabh D. , Chavan Rohankumar Rajaram , Jadhav Asha S. , Thorat Vishal H. , Gaikwad Kalyani V.
Published: December 2023

The creation and development of herbal nanoparticles have moved to the forefront of nanoformulation research. Curcumin is the most essential bioactive component of curcuma longa, a plant that has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. This chemical contains therapeutic properties that can be utilized to prevent and treat a wide range of ailments. Curcumin has proven therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of a range of human ailments, however, it has a limited bioavailability, which appears to be due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic clearance. As a result, nanotechnology is a revolutionary concept that can be used to curcumin solubility, stability, and bioavailability issues. This review examines contemporary developments in chemical and pharmaceutical technologies, as well as the utilization of innovative materials for medical applications.

Keywords: Curcumin, Nanotechnology, Nanoformulation, Bioavailability
A systematic review of the analytical method identified phytomedicine and pharmacological potency of Rosa species with special attention on Rosa centifolia
Authors: Singh Khushbu , Kumar Vikas , Verma Amita , Gadkari Pooja
Published: December 2023

Objective: Globally, Rosa species herbal plants are often used as a natural remedy to prevent and cure various health problems without or with minimal toxic effects. Rosa species are rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and alkaloids. Phytomedicines are used to treat various diseases and disorders because of their clinical potency.

Material and method: The searches were performed using various databases, including PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com/), Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/), and Google Scholar (http://www.scholar.google.com/).

Result:  India is well known for its geographical diversity, a rich collection of medicinally active plants, and numerous traditional herbal drug treatment systems that are acknowledged as “living traditions”. However, there is no collective report on the significant Rosa species with respect to the recent advancement in clinically active plant investigation. Hence, the key effort of the present review work is to report the identified phytomedicine and pharmacological activity majorly used Rosa species that have grown in India and other countries throughout the world. This review was completed on the basis of a complete national and international literature survey.

Conclusion: In this review, we provide summarised and collective scientific information on the prominent Rosa species, used plant part, their extract, used analytical methods, biochemical and their respective medicinal activity to develop new ethnomedicine in the future.

Keywords: Rosa species, analytical method, biochemical, pharmacological activity
In silico pharmacological study of lacourtianal, a new terpenoid isolated from the stem bark of Chrysophyllum lacourtianum De Wild (Sapotaceae) against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: AMBAMBA AKAMBA Bruno Dupon , Piebeng Cicilien Quentin Nongni , Kenassi Merveille Brenda Nguemen , Ebouel Ferdinand Lanvin Edoun , Nanhah Jules Vidal Kamga , Ella Fils Armand , Ngoumen Dany Joël Ngassa , Talla Rostan Mangoua , Mandob Damaris Enyegue , Ngondi Judith
Published: December 2023

Urgent need to treat, prevent, delay the onset, slow the progression and reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is dictated by the growing number of people affected by the disease. This research requires an in silico approach. The aim of this work was to carry out an in silico pharmacological study of lacourtianal, a new terpenoid against Alzheimer's disease. The structure of lacourtianal and reference drugs were drawn on chemdraw 2D. Energy minimization was performed using the molecular mechanics force field (MM2) and saved in the PDB using chemdraw 3D. The compound's Smiles format was entered into the pk-CSM web servers for ADME/Tox parameter prediction. Conformational site analysis and docking parameters such as binding energy, interaction profiles with AD target residues (AchE, BuchE, β-secretase and GSK-3β) were determined using AutoDock 4.2 and Discovery Studio visualizer. Lacourtianal is a valuable oral drug candidate. It crosses the Blood-brain barrier (BBB) and shows considerable docking scores for AD targets. These scores were higher for BuchE and β-secretase compared with reference compounds. It binds to residues Phe297, Phe 338 and Tyr31, Trp286 in the acyl pocket and peripheral site of AchE, respectively. Importantly, it establishes low-energy interactions (hydrogen and pi) with the His438 residue of the Butyrylcholinesterase catalytic triad. It also establishes favorable interactions with residues Tyr71 and Tyr216, which are residues controlling substrate accessibility to the active site of the BACE1 and GSK 3β enzymes respectively. These results show that lacourtianal has promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: Lacourtianal, in silico, AchE, BuchE, β-secretase, GSK-3β and AD
Total flavonoid and polyphenol content of Tinospora crispa cultivated at highland region
Authors: Nugroho Reydo Evril , Puspitasari Renny Novi
Published: December 2023

Background: Tinospora crispa (T. crispa) is herbaceous plant which commonly grows wild in tropical regions of South East Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. In Indonesia this plant is well known to be used as traditional medicine to treat gout, diabetes, hypertension, rheumatic, fever, and appetite stimulant. Researches worldwide indicated that T. crispa poses several pharmacological properties. One of those is the antioxidant activity, acting as free radical scavenger. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidative properties of T. crispa by analyzing the total flavonoid and polyphenol content.

Methods: T. crispa was cultivated at 850 AMSL field in Materia Medica Batu. The plant was harvested by cutting 5 cm of old stem and dried in 50° C for 7 days. Powder was then made by using milling machine. The amount of 300 g powder was subsequently macerated to get T. crispa extract. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were determined by using spectrophotometry method.

Result: From 300 g T. crispa powder using maceration method gave liquid yield with 56 g weight and 18.66% rendement. Total flavonoid and polyphenol content was 0.04% ± [3.68%] (w/w) and 0.60% ± [0.8%] (w/w) respectively.

Conclusion: Despite low in concentration, flavonoid and polyphenol content was successfully determined from T. crispa. In the future free radical scavenging assay need to be conducted to understand better about the antioxidant activity of T. crispa.

Keywords: Tinospora crispa, Brotowali, Flavonoid, Polyphenol.
Management and Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: A therapeutical Approach
Authors: Sireesha Vankodoth , Abhiram Ch , Sneha Y , Mohiuddin Syed , Rama Rao Tadikonda
Published: December 2023

A major worldwide health issue is the persistent transmission of the chronic form of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) from mothers to their unborn children (MTCT) during the perinatal period. In endemic areas, HBV infection occurs mainly during infancy and early childhood, with MTCT accounting for approximately half of the transmission routes of chronic HBV infections. Prevention of MTCT is an important step in reducing the global burden of chronic HBV. In addition to such considerations regarding the transmission of HBV to the child, the combination of HBV infection and pregnancy raises several unique management issues. Up to 9% of newborns still acquire HBV infection, especially from mothers who have the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), despite routine passive-active immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine. The failure of passive-active immunoprophylaxis in newborns, the impact and requirement of routine hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) injections to mothers, the safety of antiviral prophylaxis, and the safety of nursing are some of the complications associated with managing HBV infection throughout pregnancy. Chronic HBV infection during pregnancy is usually but may flare after delivery. These unresolved issues are highlighted in this review and we aim to an optimal approach to the management of preventing MTCT of HBV infection.

Keywords: Hepatitis B, perinatal period transmission, immunoprophylaxis, breastfeeding, viremia.
The Influence of Discipline, Knowledge Management and Competence on The Performance of Outsourcing Employees
Authors: Sabtu Sulvia , Tanjung Hendri , Ramly Amir Teungku
Published: December 2023

Performance management is management about creating relationships and ensuring effective communication between employees and their superiors. This study aims to analyze the influence of discipline, knowledge management and competence on the performance of outsourced employees at Plasa Telkom Bogor Bogor Regional 2. This research uses quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The sampling method used in this study was simple random sampling. The number of samples to be used in this study were 30 outsourced employees. The results showed that all variables had a significant effect on variable Y. The work discipline variable (X1) had a significant effect on employee performance because the results of the t significance test showed that the sig value of X1 was 0.036, this shows a significance value of less than 0.05. The Knowledge Management variable (X2) has a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y), this can be seen from the t significance test which shows the sig value of X2 is 0.035 (smaller than 0.05). Competency variable (X3) has a significant effect on employee performance (Y), this can be seen from the t significance test which shows the sig value of X3 is 0.015 (smaller than 0.05).
Effect of PNBP Policy on The financial Performance of Cellular Mobile Network Operators
Authors: Ronny Ronny , Djamaluddin Sartika
Published: December 2023

Digital transformation is one of the programs initiated by the Government, which in practice requires the support of healthy mobile network operators through financial performance indicators, to fulfill the development of telecommunications infrastructure in all regions. Mobile network operators require significant capital to provide telecommunications infrastructure, including payment of Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) to the government every year, which continues to increase due to frequency allocation and telecommunications activities. The aim of this research is to measure the estimated influence of PNBP policy on the financial performance of mobile network operators in Indonesia, while considering several other control variables such as investment costs (CAPEX), number of subscribers, liabilities, number of base transceiver stations (BTS), and number of mobile network operators. This research uses panel data regression with a fixed effect model approach, covering four mobile network operators from 2010 to 2022. The results show that PNBP, sourced from the obligation to pay Spectrum Frequency Usage Fee, has a significant negative impact on financial performance. These findings are also consistent with the research conducted by Katz and Jung (2023)
Eksplorasi Cendawan Kontaminan Pada Umbi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Varietas Lokal Palu Pascapanen
Authors: Umrah Umrah , Firdasari Firdasari , Mutmainah Mutmainah
Published: December 2023

Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan komoditas sayuran yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi dan telah dibudidayakan di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Salah satu provinsi yang menjadi sentra budidaya adalah Sulawesi Tengah. Cendawan kontaminan pada Bawang merah dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil, penurunan kuantitas dan kualitas bawang merah yang berpengaruh pada nilai jual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui cendawan kontaminan yang ditemukan pada umbi bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) varietas lokal Palu pasca panen. Penelitian terdiri dari penyediaan sampel umbi bawang merah, sterilisasi alat yang digunakan, pembuatan, sterilisasi dan penuangan media PDA, isolasi cendawan dari umbi bawang merah, pemurnian isolat cendawan dan identifikasi cendawan kontaminan. Pengambilan umbi bawang merah dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2020 dengan menggunakan metode stratified random sampling.  Isolasi cendawan dilakukan dengan metode penanaman langsung pada media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) dan diidenifikasi berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian pada tahap isolasi menghasilkan 11 isolat yang termasuk ke dalam 3 spesies cendawan terdiri dari Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp, dan Alternaria alternata, ketiga spesies cendawan tersebut merupakan jenis cendawan yang pernah ditemukan pada umbi bawang merah pasca panen
Perbandingan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Kambing Kacang Betina yang Terpapar dan Tidak Terpapar Matahari
Authors: Sagaf Sagaf , Latasiki Mustakim AW. , Padang Padang
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbandingan pertambahan bobot badan kambing kacang betina yang terpapar dan tidak terpapar matahari. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di kandang CV. Prima BREED Kelurahan Tondo, Kecamatan Mantikulore, Kota Palu, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang berlangsung dari bulan Juni sampai bulan Agustus 2021. Materi yang digunakan yaitu ternak kambing kacang betina 10–12 bulan sebanyak 9 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik Uji-t. Perlakuan yang dicobakan yaitu terpapar matahari selama 2 jam (jam 11.00 sampai jam 13.00 WITA, P1)) dan tidak terpapar matahari (P2). Kandang yang digunakan terdiri atas dua kandang utama yaitu kandang beratap terpal yang bisa dibuka tutup dan kandang beratap seng yang terpasang secara paten. Panicum sarmentosum Roxb diberikan secara ad-libitum pada ternak percobaan sebagai sumber pakan hijauan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi bahan kering pakan dan efisiensi penggunaan pakan.
Halal Tourism Branding Strategy: A Study on the Collaboration of Government, Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah in Indonesia
Authors: Dinta Kharisma Almeira  , Aydil Safitri  , Surwandono
Published: December 2023

Halal tourism is currently a sector that has become a global trend. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia should be able to compete in the international arena to form an image as the best country in the halal tourism sector. The article explains the nation branding strategy of the government and Islamic organizations, namely Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama, in the hope of being able to raise the halal tourism industry in Indonesia. This research is analytical descriptive research using qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used are literature studies and official websites to process data related to nation branding strategies carried out. The results of this study show the strategies of the government, Nahdlatul Ulama, and Muhammadiyah through three sectors, namely food, hotels, and halal destinations. Of the three sectors, it was found that the government is the actor who has the most effort in improving Indonesia's nation branding through the official website, followed by Nahdlatul Ulama and finally Muhammadiyah. This method is done in order to improve Indonesia's nation branding as a halal tourism country known to the world. This article contributes to the discussion of the potential development of halal tourism in Indonesia.
Performance of Some Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina) Cultivars in Mid-hill Condition of Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Thakur Disha , Thakur Kiran , Thakur Manish , Negi Ajender , Rimpika  , Rimpika  , Kumar Vijay
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted during February to July, 2020 and 2021 at the Horticultural Research  Station Seobagh, Himachal Pradesh, India to evaluate various attributes of plum under the mid-hill temperate zone. Ten plum cultivars Red Beaut, Au Rosa, Au Amber, Satluj Purple, Kala Amritsari, Shiro, Frontier, Mariposa, Black Amber, Queen Rosa, and Angeleno grafted on wild apricot were evaluated alongside with numerous standards in a high-density experimental orchard, and these types were compared with the “Santa Rosa” variety as a control. According to the findings, Red Beaut ripened first whereas the cultivar Mariposa took 150 days from flowering to harvest, making it the last to be picked. The cv. Au Rosa had the largest trunk girth (44 cm), cv. Mariposa likewise had the longest shoots, measuring 180 cm, cv. Frontier had the highest fruit output per tree (145 kg), closely followed by the cv. Black Amber (140 kg) which also has maximum fruit size (5.4 cm), and weight (130 g). The cv. Frontier (14.1°B) showed the highest TSS, followed by the cv. Mariposa (14.0°B), while the cv. Kala Amritsari showed the lowest TSS. The plum cultivar Kala Amritsari displayed the highest fruit acidity, at 2.3%. Due to their ability to extend the repining period from May through August, the plum cultivars Red Beaut, Frointer, Mariposa, and Black Amber were found to be appropriate for commercial cultivation in Himachal Pradesh.
EXPLORING THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF INDONESIAN TAFSIR AL-QURAN: A STUDY OF SHEIKH ABDUL LATIF SYAKUR'S AD-DA'WAH WA AL-IRSYĀD ILĀ SABĪLI AR-RASYĀD
Authors: Romadhona Azizah , Apriantoro Muhamad Subhi , Rasyid Laila Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Tafsir Al-Quran Indonesia has its own characteristics. The Koran interpretation struggles with the guide's traditions and culture. One of the exciting interpretations is ad-Da'wah wa al-Irsyād ilā Sabīli ar-Rasyād, written by Sheikh Abdul Latif Syakur. This paper attempts to explain the biography of Sheikh Abdul Latif Syakur, his methodology of interpretation, as well as the Indonesian side of his interpretation. This research is library research and is qualitative. The results showed that Sheikh Abdul Latif Syakur was a Minangkabau cleric who studied in Makkah from childhood to adulthood. This interpretation is a thematic interpretation of phrases that collect verses with the prefix wa min an-Nās, characterized by Ijtima'i adab. This interpretation also has an Indonesian side.
STUDI LITERATUR: PENGARUH SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE (STMP) SEBAGAI AGEN TAUTAN SILANG TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA BEBERAPA PATI ALAMI
Authors: Eryani Kurnia , Nurwaini Setyo
Published: December 2023

Pati alami cenderung memiliki keterbatasan dalam pengaplikasian dibidang farmasi sehingga perlunya modifikasi untuk meningkatkan karakteristik fisikokimia pati alami. Penggunaan STMP telah banyak digunakan untuk mendapatkan pati dengan stabilitas tinggi, kelarutan rendah, dan gelatinisasi yang stabil. Maka dalam studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui pengaruh STMP sebagai agen crosslink dan konsentrasi STMP terhadap karakter fisikokimia pati alami. Sodium trimetaphosphate memeiliki pengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia pati alami yang dihasilkan. Crosslinking pati alami dengan konsentrasi sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) tertentu berpengaruh terhadap derajat crosslinking pati, yang berpengaruh terhadap kandungan amilosa dan sifat kristal pati. Mayoritas pati alami hasil crosslink mengalami perubahan sifat kelarutan dan swelling power lebih rendah, serta gelatinisasi yang lebih stabil. Pengaruh yang nyata dengan hadirnya gugus fungsi baru (P-O, P=O, P-O-C) pada struktur pati alami.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA WAKTU TUNGGU DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD PANDAN ARANG BOYOLALI
Authors: Maharani Astin Ertavia , Mutmainah Nurul
Published: December 2023

Pelayanan kesehatan terutama pelayanan farmasi di rumah sakit masih banyak ditemukannya waktu tunggu pelayanan yang lama. Salah satu Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) pada pelayanan Farmasi di rumah sakit meliputi kepuasan pasien >80% serta waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat jadi <30 menit dan resep obat racikan <60 menit. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan antara waktu tunggu dengan kepuasan pasien rawat jalan di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan variabel bebas adalah waktu tuggu pasien, sedangakan variabel terikat adalah kepuasan pasien. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 150 pasien. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien yang sedang rawat jalan pada Instalasi Farmasi bulan Mei-Juli 2019. Alat yang digunakan adalah Stopwatch dan lembar kuesioner yang telah divalidasi untuk mendapatkan skoring kepuasan pasien. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi Pearson Correlation. Dari hasil penelitian pasien rawat jalan di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali rata-rata waktu tunggu untuk obat jadi selama 26,29±5,31 menit sedangkan untuk obat racikan selama 75,44±28,36 menit dan persentase tingkat kepuasan yaitu 80,53% termasuk dalam kategori sangat puas. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan adanya hubungan antara waktu tunggu dengan kepuasan pasien rawat jalan di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0,000 dengan nilai r = -0,607 yaitu semakin cepat waktu tunggu maka semakin puas pasien rawat jalan di Instalasi farmasi RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali.
IDENTIFIKASI DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS (DRPs) KATEGORI PEMILIHAN OBAT DAN DOSIS PADA PASIEN PREEKLAMPSIA DAN EKLAMPSIA DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUP Dr. SOERADJI TIRTONEGORO KLATEN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Azzahra Firdausia Andraina , Yulianti Tri
Published: December 2023

Preeklampsia dan eklampsiamerupakan syndrome pada kehamilanpenyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu dan janin sehinggadiperlukanterapi yang tepat. Tingginya kejadian Drug Related Problems (DRPs)berkaitan dengan ketidakberhasilan terapi sehingga mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya angka kejadian Drug Related Problems (DRPs) potensial kategori pemilihan obat (pemilihan obat tidak berdasarkan pedoman, obat diindikasikan tetapi tidak diresepkan) dan kategori pemilihan dosis obat (dosis terlalu rendah, dosis terlalu tinggi, frekuensi pemberian obat kurang, frekuensi pemberian obat lebih). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode non-eksperimental menggunakan data rekam medis yang dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dengan menetapkan kriteria inklusi meliputi pasien ibu hamil yang terdiagnosis preeklampsia/eklampsia dengan atau tanpa penyakit penyerta yang menjalani rawat inap periode tahun 2018 di RSUP Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten. Dari hasil penelitian terhadap 100 pasien yang dianalisis terdapat 295 resep dengan 116 kasus DRPs. Untuk kategori DRPs obat tidak sesuai pedoman sebanyak 4 kasus (3,4%), Obat diindikasikan tetapi tidak diresepkan sebanyak 35 kasus (30,1%), dosis lebih sebanyak 1 kasus (0,9%) dosis kurang sebanyak 38 kasus (32,8%), frekuensi lebih sebanyak 0 kasus (0%), frekuensi kurang sebanyak 38 kasus (32,8%).
LITERATURE REVIEW EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN TOCILIZUMAB PADA PASIEN COVID-19
Authors: Purwati Livia , Kusumowati Ika Trisharyanti Dian
Published: December 2023

SARS-Cov-2 merupakan virus baru yang mulai diidentifikasi pada Desember 2019 di Wuhan, Hubei, Tiongkok. Penyebaran virus ini tergolong cepat dengan gejala awal berupa batuk, demam, sesak, dan lainnya hingga dapat menjadi sindrom distress pernapasan akut. Pasien yang mengalami komplikasi Covid-19 diketahui memiliki korelasi dengan badai sitokin, yaitu ketika terjadi kesalahan komunikasi pada tubuh sehingga sitokin yang dihasilkan terlalu berlebihan dan menyebabkan kematian pada organ tubuh. Tenaga medis mulai menggunakan anti IL-6 seperti tocilizumab dalam mengatasi maupun mencegah badai sitokin tersebut. Literature review ini merangkum hasil dari penelitian yang telah diterbitkan untuk melihat keefektifan penggunaan tocilizumab. Berdasarkan penelitian yang terhimpun, tocilizumab merupakan obat yang berpotensi untuk menyembuhkan pasien dengan Covid-19. Angka kesembuhan setelah pemberian tocilizumab cukup tinggi, yang diiringi juga dengan peningkatan klinis serta penurunan biomarker inflamasi. Review ini juga menemukan bahwa mortalitas pada tocilizumab yang dibandingkan dengan terapi lain tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Pemberian tocilizumab perlu dipertimbangkan kembali karena adanya efek samping yang sering muncul seperti kenaikan enzim hepatik dan infeksi sekunder.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIPROLIFERATIF DAN INDUKSI APOPTOSIS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum L.) TERHADAP SEL MCF-7
Authors: Sukma Laras Cahaya , Da'i Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Kemangi merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak digunakan masyarakat serta memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antikanker kemangi dalam hal menghambat pertumbuhan serta menginduksi kematian secara terprogram sel MCF-7. Daun kemangi berupa serbuk dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol kemudian dihilangkan pelarutnya dengan menggunakan rotary evaporator. Uji sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan metode MTT, didapatkan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol daun kemangi sebesar 174,46 µg/mL. Kadar yang digunakan dalam uji antiproliferatif adalah di bawah nilai IC50 yaitu 150 dan 75 µg/mL. Uji antiproliferatif dilakukan dengan metode MTT. Sel diinkubasi pada waktu yang berbeda-beda yaitu 24; 48; 72 jam. Hasil uji didapatkan adanya aktivitas penghambatan pertumbuhan sel oleh ekstrak etanol daun kemangi terhadap sel MCF-7 dengan nilai doubling time yaitu 530,61 jam pada sampel kadar 150 µg/mL; 147,88 jam pada sampel kadar 75 µg/mL; 125,58 jam pada kontrol sel. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji induksi apoptosis dengan kadar ekstrak etanol kemangi yang digunakan sebesar IC50. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode double staining. Setelah dipapari sampel, sel diberi reagen campuran Etidium Bromida-Akridin Oranye dan diamati di bawah mikroskop fluorescent. Hasil uji menunjukkan adanya aktivitas induksi kematian sel MCF-7 secara terprogram oleh ekstrak etanol daun kemangi yang ditandai dengan sel yang berfluoresensi berwarna oranye serta kondisi sel yang tidak utuh.