bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXAMTIME: Potencializando as Ações de Aprendizagem em Ambiente Online
Authors: Silva Jacqueline Felix da , Santana Clésia Maria Hora , Francisco Deise Juliana
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta e discute um experimento pedagógico realizado em um curso de extensão universitária intitulado “El mundo hispánico sin fronteras”, no qual foram introduzidos alguns dos recursos disponíveis da plataforma de estudos Examtime, tendo em vista sua versatilidade. Essa experimentação ocorreu dentro de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, no âmbito do ensino superior, em uma universidade pública nordestina, no período de cinco meses. Dela participaram 100 alunos divididos em 3 turmas, 1 professora e 3 tutores. A motivação para o mesmo foi a construção de alternativas para ensino de língua espanhola para não nativos, tendo em vista sua importância no contexto de uso de uma segunda língua e a necessidade sentida por professores de criar condições inovadoras e construtivas para mediar e viabilizar a aprendizagem de seus alunos. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar esse experimento na perspectiva de relato de experiência pedagógica. Para tanto, discute-se o contexto da educação online, suas características e potencialidades, bem como o perfil do aluno a distância. Após a apresentação e análise de algumas interfaces de comunicação, apresenta-se o Examtime. Neste sentido, realiza-se uma análise de tal interface, centrada em suas potencialidades e concluiu-se que há potencialização da aprendizagem com a utilização do Examtime. Palavras-chave: Educação online. Examtime. Prática pedagógica.
Estilos de Aprendizagem na Educação a distância: Um estudo de caso no curso de graduação de Administração Pública da UFF
Authors: Simão Alessandra dos Santos , Abreu Júlio Cesar de Andrade , Abdalla Márcio Moutinho
Published: October 2019

Os estilos de aprendizagem estão relacionados à maneira pela qual as pessoas integram as condições de aprendizagem, abrangendo aspectos cognitivos, afetivos, físicos e ambientais que podem favorecer o processamento de informações tanto na busca de alternativas facilitadoras para desencadear do próprio processo de aprendizagem, quanto para desvendá-lo dos mecanismos das práticas educativas que produzem o sucesso ou o chamado fracasso acadêmico. Buscou-se identificar se os estilos de aprendizagem impactam no desempenho acadêmico nas atividades de avaliação na educação à distância. Desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo exploratório baseado na literatura especializada, o trabalho pode ser classificado como um Estudo de Caso. Nos resultados verificaram-se a existência de 5 estilos entre os respondentes: os 4 estilos determinados por Honey-Alonso (Ativo, Reflexivo, Teórico e Pragmático) e estilo múltiplo; a predominância do estilo reflexivo em 60,5% da amostra; e com o teste Qui-Quadrado, no qual apresentou o resultado de 0,43 o nível de significância, que demonstra não existir relação entre o estilo de aprendizagem e o desempenho acadêmico. Assim, atendendo ao objetivo geral proposto, os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que não existe relação entre o Estilo de Aprendizagem e o desempenho acadêmico, ou que pelo menos a amostra estudada não permite chegar à outra conclusão.
Um percurso metodológico da inserção no mundo das crianças das culturas digitais
Authors: Pimentel Fernando Silvio Calvacante
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a metodologia utilizada para a realização de uma pesquisa de doutorado em educação, expondo o percurso, escolha e aplicação das técnicas de coleta e análise dos dados, delineando e esclarecendo o passo-a-passo da pesquisa, no rigor que a ciência propõe. A pesquisa foi documental e empírica, numa perspectiva de Métodos Mistos, e fundamentada nos encaminhamentos de um Estudo de Caso. Na pesquisa documental recolheu dados em duas fontes primárias e a pesquisa empírica utilizou de questionário e entrevista para a coleta. A investigação teve como objetivo analisar como as crianças na cultura digital usam as Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) como estratégias de aprendizagem no contexto escolar e extra escolar.
Formação de professores: percursos e perspectivas na formação qualitativa de professores da Educação do Campo
Authors: Sadoyama Adriana dos Santos Prado , Andrade Leonardo Santos , De Paula Maristela Vincente , Borges Neila Maria Mendes , Cisse Ba Serigne Ababacar , Rosalem Vagner
Published: October 2019

A proposta de apresentar e discutir a possibilidade de uma formação permanente dos professores do campo na condição de se tornarem sujeitos ativos da aprendizagem e de manifestarem tal possibilidades na transformação do ser e, se, este sentimento é vivenciado por alunos frequentes do Curso superior Educação do Campo é o escopo principal deste artigo. Todo o caminho metodológico se baseou em uma análise de conteúdo dos dados levantados a partir da aplicação do questionário. Os resultados apontam que os docentes se sentem parte do processo e parceiros ativos na tentativa de desenvolver políticas voltadas para atuação e formação deste profissional no campo mesmo vivendo a realidade do fechamento das escolas rurais no Brasil.
Percepções de alunos e egressos de cursos a distância sobre fóruns de discussão e bate-papos
Authors: Tenório Thaís , Oliveira Patrícia da Silva , Viana Denise da Silva Batista , Tenório André
Published: October 2019

Fóruns de discussão e bate-papos são tecnologias de informação e comunicação usadas na educação a distância contemporânea. Este estudo de caso analisou a colaboração dessas ferramentas para a construção do conhecimento. Percepções de cinquenta alunos ou egressos de cursos a distância, de instituições públicas ou particulares do Rio de Janeiro, sobre a contribuição de fóruns e bate-papos para a aprendizagem foram perscrutadas por um questionário. Entre os pesquisados, a utilização de fóruns foi quase ubíqua. Os usuários confirmaram gostar do recurso, apesar de terem relatado dificuldades nos primeiros contatos. Seus principais atrativos seriam promover a interação e a aprendizagem colaborativa, permitir o debate de conteúdos e estimular a escrita. Por outro lado, salas de bate-papo eram raramente utilizadas com fins educativos e apenas três haviam usado em cursos a distância. Esses poucos usuários gostavam de utilizá-lo para trocar experiências, esclarecer dúvidas ou auxiliar no entendimento de conteúdos. Os que nunca haviam empregado o fórum na educação a distância manifestaram resistência. Já a maioria dos que nunca haviam empregado o bate-papo apreciaria experimentar, embora grande parte acreditasse que não colaboraria efetivamente para a aprendizagem. O uso de tais ferramentas requer circunspeção dos cursistas, boa mediação dos tutores e planejamento pedagógico.
Jornalismo e Tecnologia: como ensinar o jornalismo digital e audiovisual
Authors: Barbosa Manuel Henrique de Oliveira , Santos Magnólia Rejane Andrade dos
Published: October 2019

Esta comunicação objetiva apresentar duas experiências de ensino do jornalismo digital e audiovisual no curso de Jornalismo da Universidade Federal de Alagoas: a Agência de Notícias Ciência Alagoas e o Grupo de Pesquisa Comulti. Estes experimentos de ensino estão sendo desenvolvidos como práticas acadêmicas para a formação do jornalista na divulgação científica na internet. Para além da técnica, esses dois trabalhos têm auxiliado o exercício crítico dos alunos na compreensão do contexto econômico, social, cultural e educacional local e a importância da atividade comunicacional para promover a cidadania através do acesso à informação da ciência. Em seguida a uma breve contextualização da realidade alagoana, discutiremos o conceito de tecnologia na formação do jornalista. A partir daí, as duas práticas pedagógicas serão relatadas individualmente. Nas considerações finais, sugerimos a reflexão sobre a formação do jornalista  em função da integração do binômio teoria-prãtica versus tecnicismo-humanismo para uma comunicação plural e democrática. Palavras-chave: Ensino. Jornalismo. Tecnologia.
Avaliação dos planos de tutoria no contexto da EAD – UFAL
Authors: Costa Emmanuele Maria Correia , Costa Cleide Jane Sá  de Araújo , Vale Helena Cristina Pimentel do
Published: October 2019

Este artigo trata de uma investigação acerca do plano de tutoria, que é um instrumento que orienta as atividades do tutor tendo como proposta nortear as ações deste, pontuando suas atividades e guiando os procedimentos para o acompanhamento do processo de aprendizagem dos alunos em EAD. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar como o plano de tutoria é construído no contexto UAB-UFAL; compreender os critérios para elaboração do plano de tutoria estabelecido pela Coordenação Institucional de Educação à Distância (CIED) e analisar se os planos de tutoria são construídos seguindo tais critérios. A problemática discutida refere-se ao questionamento: os planos de tutoria produzidos pelos professores obedecem aos critérios estabelecidos pela CIED? A pesquisa foi realizada com base na abordagem qualitativa de cunho exploratório, no qual a coleta de dados ocorreu a partir da seleção de 8 (oito) planos de tutoria de um curso  de graduação na modalidade EAD ofertados pela UFAL no ano de 2013. Os planos de tutoria foram analisados seguindo os critérios do órgão gestor da EAD UFAL. Constatou-se que o professor ainda apresenta dificuldades para a elaboração do plano de tutoria dentro de suas especificidades e funções. Palavras-chaves: Avaliação. Tutoria. Aprendizagem.
A importância da competência para a cooperação na prática docente em Educação a Distância: aplicação de conceitos piagetianos
Authors: Oliveira Eloiza da Silva Gomes , Sá Marcia Souto Maior Mourão
Published: October 2019

O artigo aborda um dos aspectos mais importantes da Educação a Distância: a tutoria, ou docência mediada pelas tecnologias digitais. Parte do conceito de cooperação desenvolvido por Jean Piaget, que explica como uma operação intelectual pode ser compartilhada entre pessoas que têm como objetivo resolver alguma tarefa cognitiva. Se eles se envolvem na resolução, lançam para mão das habilidades intelectuais e dos esquemas de ação, para alcançar a solução do empreendimento e, desenvolvendo ações interativas, constroem conhecimento - simultaneamente coletivos e individuais. O texto apresenta, ainda, a tutoria como uma possibilidade de quebrar o limite (“constraint”) da virtualidade e atribui-lhe a importância devida: uma ação tutorial "competente" e de cooperação pode minimizar um dos riscos maiores dos cursos à distância, a evasão dos estudantes. Ilustramos o tema com o resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida através de questionário aplicado a 40 docentes 1 da Rede Pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre o tema “Docência com apoio de Tecnologias”. Selecionamos um item do questionário: “Se você fosse recomendar a um colega o uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação nas aulas, que argumentos utilizaria?”, cujos resultados apontaram para alta frequência da citação da intensificação da autonomia e da cooperação como argumentos favoráveis à inserção das tecnologias de informação e comunicação na prática docente. Palavras-chave: Formação docente. Tutoria. Teoria Piagetiana
As TDIC’s e a linguagem visual: construindo novos leitores
Authors: Santos Sandra Virgínia Correia de Andrade
Published: October 2019

: Tendo em vista a presença efetiva e significativa das imagens nas relações sociocomunicativas contemporâneas, o artigo pretende compreender as múltiplas linguagens presentes em uma composição textual e suas relações intrínsecas como uma possibilidade de ampliação da capacidade leitora de quem as utiliza, seja produzindo ou apenas lendo. Partindo de uma abordagem histórico-social,   o artigo propõe também uma reflexão sobre a linguagem visual, apresentando-a enquanto uma linguagem dotada de significado e que apresenta uma sintaxe própria. Para isso, utiliza-se da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e Van Leewen (2000), a qual comporá sua fundamentação teórica, uma vez que a composição imagética dos textos contemporâneos, compartilhados especialmente pelas redes sociais, apresenta elementos iconográficos que promovem a interação entre o leitor e as linguagens presentes. Por conta disso, é feita uma abordagem também sobre a multimodalidade e os recursos multimidiáticos, os quais adentram nesse cenário como algo importante nas relações sociocomunicativas e, consequentemente, na construção de novos leitores.  Dessa forma, são apresentadas as contribuições das TDIC’s no campo educacional, entendendo que, além de atrair o aluno, potencializa as experiências e a participação ativa dos envolvidos, assim como promove a conexão entre o mundo digital e a aquisição de novos conhecimentos, estimulando, portanto, o surgimento de leitores cada vez mais participativos e críticos.   Palavras-chave: Linguagem visual. Multimodalidade. Tecnologias digitais.
Do círculo de cultura para as redes sociais virtuais: com quem você está teclando
Authors: Coelho Mayana Morbeck , Borges Luzineide Miranda
Published: October 2019

O Projeto Do círculo de cultura para as redes sociais virtuais: com quem você está teclando? objetiva pesquisar como as tecnologias digitais estão sendo inseridas no contexto das ações educativas desenvolvidas no Programa de Educação Integral Mais Educação numa escola do município de Ilhéus/BA, e analisar como os professores e alunos estão se apropriando dessas tecnologias para a construção do conhecimento. A principal intenção desse Programa é melhorar a qualidade do ensino através da ampliação da jornada escolar melhorando assim, a formação do estudante. O foco deste trabalho são as atividades no macrocampo da cultura digital, comunicação e uso das mídias digitais que ajudam no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dentro e fora da escola. Para compreensão do objeto do estudo, propomos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória de caráter qualitativo, pois o pesquisador frequenta os locais em que se verificam tais fenômenos. Está sendo utilizado técnicas e instrumentos variados para a coleta de dados como: entrevistas online e rastreamento de postagens no webblog. A inclusão de tecnologias digitais da informação e da comunicação (TDIC’s) na educação vai além da inserção simplória das mesmas na sala de aula, envolve formação docente capaz de refletir quais os impactos das mesmas na sociedade como todo e como estas vem alterando a compreensão que temos sobre a construção do conhecimento na cibercultura. Assim, a defesa que fazemos é que para que as TDIC’s sejam utilizadas na escola, o seu uso deve ser incentivado e discutido entre os sujeitos que estão na escola e fora dela, bem como incluir a proposta de utilização no projeto político pedagógico como uma proposta de contribuição na construção do conhecimento emancipatório.Palavras-chave: Redes Sociais Virtuais. Programa Mais Educação. Ensino e Aprendizagem.
Electrocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Gas by a Cobalt Formamidinate Complex
Authors: Wu Yanyu , Aguirre Quintana Luis Manuel , Ventura Karen , Barraza Alvarez Isabel , Metta Alejandro , Villagran Dino
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT. A molecular cobalt complex, Co(DippF)2 (where DippF is the anion of N,N’-bis[2,6-diisopropylphenyl]-formamidine), (1),is able to electrochemically produce hydrogen gas from the reduction of organic acids in homogeneous solutions. Compound 1 has a distorted square planar structure as evidenced through X-ray crystallography studies, and an effective magnetic moment of 4.13, obtained by the Evans method, that corresponds to three unpaired electrons. Compound 1 shows an irreversible cathodic peak at –1.59 V vs Fc/Fc+ which is assigned to the reduction of CoII to CoI. In the presence of organic acids the onset of catalytic current is observed at  –1.2 V, –1.45 V and –1.89 V vs. Fc/Fc+ with p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid and phenol as the proton source, respectively, in MeCN as the solvent. Detection of hydrogen gas was obtained by GC-MS with Faradaic efficiencies ranging from 85% to 100%. Kinetic studies using foot-of-the-wave analysis (FOWA) reveal a linear dependence of the observed rate constant, kobs, against acid concentration in the range of 0.065 to 10.02 s-1.
Desempenho de sementes de arroz vermelho submetidas a extratos de folhas frescas de arroz
Authors: Brunes André Pich , Dias Letícia Winke , Kaspary Tiago Edu , Ruchel Queli , Agostinetto Dirceu , Villela Francisco Amaral
Published: October 2019

A utilização indiscriminada de herbicidas na cultura do arroz tem provocado uma pressão de seleção de biótipos de arroz-vermelho resistentes aos herbicidas imidazolinonas. Diante disso, métodos alternativos de controle de plantas daninhas tornam-se uma alternativa para esta situação, tal como a busca de novos ingredientes ativos em compostos aleloquímicos de plantas. O trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar o potencial alelopático de diferentes concentrações do extrato aquoso de folhas de cultivares de arroz irrigado na germinação e no vigor de sementes de arroz-vermelho. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, onde: fator A - Extrato de folhas frescas das cultivares de arroz (BRS Querência, Irga 424, Roxinho e Cica 07) e fator B - Concentrações do extrato (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%). Os extratos foram obtidos de folhas das plantas das cultivares em estádio reprodutivo R3 (saída da panícula). Estas foram trituradas em água destilada e posteriormente diluídas nas concentrações. Avaliaram-se a germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e de raiz e massa seca da parte aérea e de raiz. De maneira geral, o efeito alelopático é maior nas cultivares desenvolvidas mais recentemente, sendo o extrato da cultivar IRGA 424, na concentração de 25%, o mais nocivo para o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de arroz-vermelho.
Avaliação e seleção de linhagens de mamoneira ao alumínio tóxico em solução nutritiva
Authors: Da Silva Mauricio Dos Santos , Silva Simone Alves , Almeida Vanessa De Oliveira , Ledo Carlos Alberto Da Silva , Araujo Silva Gilmara De Melo , Conceição Antonio Leandro Da Silva
Published: October 2019

O alumínio tóxico em altas concentrações no solo interfere no crescimento e desenvolvimento da mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.), afetando principalmente seu sistema radicular e dessa forma, diminuindo a produtividade da cultura. Nesse sentido, uma população de 117 linhagens de mamona foram submetidas à dose de 30 mg L-1 de Al+3 em solução nutritiva, sob condição hidropônica com o objetivo de avaliar e selecionar linhagens tolerantes ao alumínio tóxico. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Seleção Precoce do Núcleo de Melhoramento Genético e Biotecnologia (NBIO) pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas – BA. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de seis plântulas por parcela. A dose utilizada, 30 mg L-1,interferiu no desenvolvimento das linhagens, agrupando-as diferentemente em cada caráter avaliado. Pela análise conjunta dos dados, existe variabilidade genética para tolerância ao alumínio tóxico, distribuindo as linhagens em cinco grupos distintos, permitindo a seleção das linhagens por apresentarem as melhores características quanto à tolerância ao alumínio tóxico.
Survey for viruses and viroids in apple and pear trees in New Zealand
Authors: Horner M.B.
Published: October 2019

Surveys to determine the phytosanitary status of apple (Malus) and pear (Pyrus) trees in New Zealand were conducted from 2005 to 2006 A total of 188 symptomatic and nonsymptomatic trees from various geographical locations were tested for the presence of a number of viruses and viroids by RTPCR All Malus samples were tested for Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) Apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd) Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV) and Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) ACLSV was detected in 48 ASGV in 36 ASPV in 61 and ApMV in 45 of samples tested ASSVd ADFVd CRLV ToRSV were not detected in any of the 165 sampled Malus plants which provides evidence that they are not present in New Zealand All Pyrus samples were tested for ACLSV ASGV ASPV ApMV Pear latent virus (PeLV) and Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) ACLSV was detected in 17 ASGV in 13 ASPV in 17 and ApMV in 4 of sampled Pyrus trees PeLV and PBCVd were not detected in any of the 23 sampled symptomatic Pyrus trees which provides evidence that PeLV and PBCVd are not present in New Zealand
Farmer response to minirelease strategy for the clover root weevil biocontrol agent
Authors: Gerard P.J. , Wilson D.J. , Eden T.M.
Published: October 2019

The Irish wasp Microctonus aethiopoides was released in 2006 as a biocontrol agent for the clover root weevil Sitona lepidus a serious pest of white clover in New Zealand Following the successful and very rapid establishment of the Irish wasp there was high demand by farmers for the biocontrol Around 2000 minirelease samples were distributed directly to farmers through pastoral industry networks and field days These consisted of ten fieldcollected weevils exposed to the wasp in the laboratory at parasitism rates such that over 99 of samples contained parasitoids A random subsample of 100 recipient dairy farmers was surveyed subsequently by post with 59 responses The minireleases were well received most going to farmers that had previously experienced losses due to the weevil The mini releases were very effective in terms of getting the biocontrol to farms with 92 of insects arriving in good condition and 96 being released on the same day The farmers appeared receptive of the information provided with the samples indicating the project was successful in terms of technology transfer There was good recognition of DairyNZ with 79 showing awareness of the organisations funding enabling the biocontrol research
Determining whether biosecurity incursions are worthy of eradication attempts a case study of Epithora dorsalis
Authors: Burnip G.M. , Bradbury P. , O'Donnell M.
Published: October 2019

The Australian longicorn beetle Epithora dorsalis (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) was detected in South Canterbury in December 2009 This insect attacks dead and dying Eucalyptus species and had not previously been recorded in New Zealand (NZ) Surveys conducted to determine eradication feasibility found adult beetles at independent locations 7 km apart No imported goods or other entry pathways were identified at surveyed sites Surveillance to detect E dorsalis is difficult because available trapping methods are not very effective larval feeding damage is hidden beneath bark and adult seasonal flight duration is short Insecticidal control of E dorsalis is not considered feasible as effective delimitation of populations is difficult and the insect exhibits cryptic biology An impact assessment concluded the economic significance of E dorsalis to the NZ eucalypt timber industry would be low and that post harvest bark removal would reduce infestations to a minimum Four other Australian longicorn beetles that produce similar subcortical feeding damage are already present in New Zealand It is possible that E dorsalis has gone undetected in NZ for some time These and other considerations are presented to illustrate how MAF Biosecurity NZ determines whether biosecurity incursions merit eradication
Effect of the bacterium Yersinia entomophaga on adult bronze beetle
Authors: Hurst M.R.H. , Rogers D.J. , Wright D.A. , Townsend R.J. , Bruening R. , Cole L.M.
Published: October 2019

The entomopathogenic bacterium Yersinia entomophaga MH96 (Ye MH96) was produced by aerobic fermentation and applied in laboratory and field bioassays to control bronze beetle (Eucolaspis sp) In the laboratory bacteria were applied to apple leaves at a range of cell densities using a Potter Tower After 6 days of exposure the LC50 of field collected beetles was calculated as approximately 50106 cells/cm2 of leaf surface with high concentrations killing all treated adults Time to death was inversely correlated with dose rate with the LT50 at the highest dose being 36 days Marked apple shoots were sprayed in the field each shoot enclosed in a sleeve cage and healthy beetles added After 7 days beetle mortality averaged 42 following a single application and 66 after multiple treatments Leaf damage was reduced by bacterial application The results show that Ye MH96 has potential for development as a biopesticide against this intractable pest of organic apple production
Comparative doseresponses of five pasture weeds to a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycoherbicide
Authors: Bourd?t G.W. , Hurrell G.A. , Saville D.J.
Published: October 2019

A gel preparation of mycelia of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was applied to the pasture weeds Carduus nutans L Carduus tenuiflorus L Cirsium arvense (L) Scop Jacobaea vulgaris L and Ranunculus acris L Doses ranging from 0 to 1000 l gel/plant were applied as 10 or 50 l droplets one per leaf axil Statistically significant responses to dose were evident in C arvense J vulgaris and R acris leading to 90 74 and 100 reductions in living tissue respectively at 200 l/plant compared to the control 29 days after treatment For C nutans and C tenuiflorus where even low doses gave good control the reductions (averaged over all doses) were 98 and 88 respectively indicating that these two annual thistles were exceptionally susceptible to this S sclerotiorum formulation For C nutans 1 litre of the gel would if precision applied be sufficient to control at least 20000 plants suggesting broadacre use may be commercially viable
Argentine stem weevil and golf being a pest in turf grasses
Authors: Vittum P.J. , McNeill M.R.
Published: October 2019

Argentine stem weevil (ASW) Listronotus bonariensis is a well known pest of grass species in New Zealand pasture Less well known is its pest status in amenity turf especially golf courses in New Zealand and Australia ASW infests Poa annua and browntop which are common grasses on New Zealand golf courses Larval damage initially appears as chlorotic turf then turns strawcoloured which can be confused as dormant (dry) or diseased turf While many aspects of the biology of ASW in pasture have been elucidated little is known about the biology or behaviour of the insect on golf courses A preliminary study was carried out from mid September 2010 to early February 2011 at Pleasant Point Golf Club (South Canterbury) where ASW has caused significant damage in recent years The study looked at the relative number of ASW adults collected from the fairway and rough and their reproductive condition The study also tracked the presence and stage of development of larvae in the fairway throughout the season An insecticide efficacy trial that included treatments targeting adults or larvae of the second summer generation showed excellent (>85) control with a single application of an adulticide or larvicide in December or earlyJanuary
Time and temperature combinations that are lethal to Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae
Authors: Pushparajah I.P.S. , Everett K.R.
Published: October 2019

The thermal death point was determined in vitro for three isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) A bacterial suspension was treated by placing in an Eppendorf tube then floating in a water bath at seven temperatures from 263 to 60C At each temperature an aliquot was removed after 5 15 35 75 155 315 and 635 min placed onto Kings medium B (KMB) in Petri plates and spread with a sterilised bent glass rod Petri plates were placed at 25C for 24 h and colonies counted There were three isolate replicates each in an Eppendorf tube per timetemperature combination There was no difference in response between isolate replicates but time and temperature differences were significant (P
Weed suppression by twelve ornamental ground cover species
Authors: Foo C.L. , Harrington K.C. , MacKay M.B.
Published: October 2019

Twelve ornamental ground cover species were planted then monitored for 2 years to assess their relative usefulness for controlling weeds Persicaria capitatum established quickly and covered the plots but it was unsuitable for keeping weeds controlled because it died back each winter from frost damage Acaena inermis and Muehlenbeckia axillaris also completely covered the plots within 12 months and they effectively prevented weeds from establishing during a 5month assessment period in the second year Many of the other planted species also suppressed weeds well and those that decreased the ratio of red to far red light intercepted by the soil underneath them best gave better weed control Other ground covers that suppressed weeds well included Ajuga reptans Coprosma acerosa Grevillea lanigera Juniperus procumbens Pimelea prostrata Sedum mexicanum and Veronica peduncularis Some species such as S mexicanum and P prostrata shaded the soil less well at certain times each year
Control of flyspeck (Schizothyrium pomi) on Actinidia arguta kiwifruit
Authors: McKenna C.E. , Fullerton R.A. , Dobson S.J. , Jia Y.
Published: October 2019

Flyspeck caused by Schizothyrium pomi (anamorph Zygophiala jamaciensis) is a serious cosmetic skin disorder of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit in New Zealand In a study of the disease in 200910 the bark of all 1yearold canes was carrying large numbers of characteristic dark fruiting bodies (thyriothecia) (flyspecks) Germinating spores and hyphae of S pomi were first observed on current seasons canes in December 2009 Flyspecks were first found on fruit in midJanuary 2010 and their incidence and severity increased until harvest in February 2010 Sprays of trifloxystrobin or carbendazim applied preblossom and during flowering reduced the incidence of fruit with flyspeck at harvest by an average of 70 compared with the untreated control A single application at either of those times was similarly effective with one exception; trifloxystrobin applied as a preblossom spray failed to control flyspeck Carbendazim residues (002 mg/kg) were recorded in the fruit at harvest following an application during flowering
Influence of leaf age of Actinidia cultivars Hayward and Hort16A on infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae
Authors: Curtis C.L. , Tyson J.L. , Horner I.J. , Blackmore A. , Manning M.A.
Published: October 2019

The influence of leaf age on infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) was investigated using potted Hayward and Hort16A kiwifruit plants Leaves were spray inoculated with an isolate of Psa (haplotype NZV) at a rate of 69 108 cfu/ml Plants were maintained in a saturated environment in a plastic hot house within the confines of a containment laboratory at Plant Food Research Mt Albert Research Centre Auckland All leaves were assessed for symptoms 8 days after inoculation and thereafter at approximately weekly intervals for 4 weeks At each assessment changes in symptom expression on the leaves were recorded Flecking was evident on some of the leaves 8 days after inoculation Many of these flecks later became necrotic spots with halos similar to Psa infections that have been observed in the field A higher percentage of leaves that were 23 weeks of age at inoculation had flecking and spotting than leaves of other ages Leaves that were 7 weeks or older did not show any symptoms of infection by Psa Overall leaves on Hort16A showed slightly more flecking and spotting than Hayward
Sejanus albisignata its potential contribution towards apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) biological control in Hawkes Bay orchards
Authors: Sharma N. , Walker J.T.S.
Published: October 2019

Predation has been proposed as one of the possible reasons for the decline in apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) activity and damage observed in Hawkes Bay orchards in recent years Sejanus albisignata is a generalist predator and commonly found in apple orchards To establish if there is any relationship between ALCM and S albisignata populations of both species were monitored during 201112 on four apple orchards in Hawkes Bay Nymphs and adults of S albisignata were counted on 100 ALCM infested shoots per orchard at weekly intervals Sex pheromone traps were used to monitor numbers of male ALCM weekly throughout the season in the same orchards Sejanus albisignata and ALCM activity was well synchronized with the timing of generations one two and three of S albisignata coinciding with the second third and fourth generations of ALCM There was also a significant positive correlation between the numbers of S albisignata in each generation and the number of ALCM males trapped for each of the corresponding ALCM generations These relationships suggest that S albisignata may contribute towards ALCM control but further studies of their feeding behaviour and numerical responses are required to determine its actual contribution towards biological control of ALCM
Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae on surfaces in the orchard
Authors: Everett K.R. , Pushparajah I.P.S. , Vergara M.J.
Published: October 2019

A kiwifruit orchard that had tested positive for virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (PsaV) ca 2 km from the incursion detected in November 2010 was sampled on 13 December 2011 when the weather was overcast with some showers Surfaces on people (hands soles of footwear clothing) vehicles (tyres seats floors steering wheels accelerators brakes and gear levers) cleaned tools (shovels tip squeezers various handles drill bit) and rabbit feet were rubbed with sterile cotton wool medical swabs After incubation in bacterial growth medium DNA was extracted and samples tested in realtime PCR with primers that detect Psa Vehicle tyres the upright front of a trailer towed behind a vehicle and rabbit feet were the surfaces most frequently contaminated with Psa The surfaces contaminated with Psa were also those that were contaminated with soil demonstrating the importance of removing soil from implements vehicles and clothing on infected kiwifruit orchards before using liquid sanitisers
Control of the recentlyintroduced weed butterprint (Abutilon theophrasti) in maize
Authors: James T.K. , Cooper J.M.
Published: October 2019

Butterprint (velvetleaf in many countries) is one of the worst broadleaf weeds in maize (Zea mays) and soya bean (Glycine max) crops in USA It has been accidently introduced into New Zealand on several occasions Recently it has been found in three maize fields in Waikato and has become well established at one 20 ha site Twelve different postemergence herbicides were evaluated for control of butterprint in glasshouse pot trials and in a field trial In the glasshouse bromoxynil dicamba mesotrione aminopyralid and topramezone all gave 100 control In the field trial dicamba showed the most activity but overall efficacy was less than in the glasshouse Dicamba controlled most of the plants that were present at spraying but germination over the next month resulted in a final population of 88 of the original This population of butterprint also shows a very high tolerance to atrazine when treated postemergence
Multiple species mating disruption of leafrollers in cherries in Central Otago
Authors: McLaren G.F. , Suckling D.M. , El-Sayed A.M. , Hislop B.T. , Jones T.F.S.
Published: October 2019

Mating disruption for leafrollers has been conducted on a commercial scale using a single multispecies pheromone dispenser on contiguous blocks of cherries in Central Otago for 4 years Pheromone trap and packhouse results were collected from isolated untreated (654 ha) and pheromonetreated cherry orchard areas (764 ha) in the Cromwell district In untreated cherry orchards catches of light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) were exceptionally high (38 males/trap/day) with lower catches of Planotortrix octo (025 males/ trap/day) Catches of both species were strongly disrupted in the treated areas reducing E postvittana to 00036 moths/trap/day and P octo to nil Trap catches of both species have increased steadily over 5 years (2008/09 to 20012/13) in blocks not using mating disruption Packhouse results showed that all of the fruit inspected from both treated and untreated areas were free of leafroller infestations in 2012/13 Insecticide use in the pheromonetreated areas was reduced by one application compared with the areas without pheromone
Efficacy of methyl bromide used at reduced rates to control larvae and adults of goldenhaired bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda
Authors: Somerfield K.G. , Bycroft B.L. , Brash D.W. , Clark J.N. , Hedderley D.I. , Armstrong J.W.
Published: October 2019

Pine (Pinus radiata D Don) logs exported from New Zealand must undergo fumigation to ensure they are free of phytosanitary insects to meet the requirements of importing countries The goldenhaired bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (F) is one of the major hitchhiker species that can infest New Zealand pine logs Adults and larvae can be present in the bark and cambium layer of freshly cut logs To examine ways of reducing rates of methyl bromide fumigation diet containing both life stages (extracted from pine logs) was exposed to 0 49 or 73 g/m3 methyl bromide for 16 h in 28litre fumigation chambers at 5 10 15 or 20C Both the 49 g/m3 and 73 g/m3 methyl bromide exposures resulted in 100 mortality at all temperatures Average mortality among controls was larvae 7 adults 23 The results indicate that the present methyl bromide fumigation rates used for pine logs exported from New Zealand could be reduced
Practical management of agrichemical risk bridging the gap between regulation expectations and industry practice
Authors: Manktelow D.W.L. , Park N.M. , Maber J.M. , Walker J.T.S. , Hodson A.J.
Published: October 2019

Agrichemical users face increasing pressures to adhere to and document safe and responsible use practices Many requirements are set by the Resource Management (RMA) and Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) legislation Additional use and user requirements are dictated by market expectations for residues and adherence to different GAP programmes Widespread adoption of industry relevant user training programmes is arguably the most effective way to achieve safe and effective agrichemical use in New Zealand RMA requirements under all Regional Plans in the country require some level of agrichemical user training with HSNO legislation requiring separate approved handler (AH) certification for at least one person on most properties With over 50000 farms and horticultural properties in NZ the estimated agrichemical user trainee population is well over 100000 people GROWSAFE and AH certificate numbers from 200409 after the 2004 enactment of the HSNO legislation for agrichemicals averaged 9900 per annum These certificates are required to be renewed every 5 years but average trainee numbers from 200812 dropped to only 4950 per annum Training requirements and outcome expectations are reviewed in light of these declining trainee numbers and a new industryfocussed training initiative is described
Spray Plan Manager a decisionsupport tool for regulatory compliance and improving agrichemical use practices
Authors: Hodson A.J. , Barley M.J. , Hodson-Kersey L.R. , Walker J.T.S. , Manktelow D.W.L. , Park N.M.
Published: October 2019

Spray Plan Manager (SPM) is a decision support tool that helps users manage and document agrichemical use plans for compliance and for environmental and user risk reduction Refined and relaunched in 2013 at wwwsprayplanconz SPM has a base user group of 1700 registered plans across 76 crop types SPM takes agrichemical users through a stepwise property spray plan development SPM uses online GIS mapping to assist in agrichemical risk management around identified sensitive areas SPM uses agrichemical HSNO hazard classifications to describe personal protective equipment requirements for agrichemical mixing and application operations For ongoing management of boundary and sensitive areas spray drift risks can be estimated using forecast wind speed wind direction humidity and temperature SPM ranks drift conditions on a scale from 1 (suitable) to 4 (unsuitable) and displays the usersupplied forecast directional risks on the property map This has introduced a near realtime management component into annual spray plan operations Annually produced property spray plans are an agrichemical use requirement under most regional plans The new SPM was designed to assist users in this compliance task while also improving user education and outcomes around the safe effective and responsible use of agrichemicals
Strains of YDV in autumn sown wheat grown in Canterbury
Authors: Fletcher J.D. , Davidson M.M. , Horrocks A. , Skill S.M.
Published: October 2019

The prevalence of the YDV strains PAV MAV and RPV in autumnsown wheat grown in Canterbury was determined for plants exhibiting symptoms (red or yellow leaves) and neighbouring plants with green leaves from up to 17 wheat fields in Canterbury New Zealand A leaf from up to nine plants was tested individually using ELISA Plants with red leaves and yellow leaves were predominantly infected with PAV The prevalence of PAV in plants with green leaves was less marked In red and yellow plants MAV and RPV were equally prevalent but markedly less common than PAV This is in contrast to barley and oat plants tested in 198586 where the predominant strains were RPV and MAV Barley plants tested from a single location in 1996 were predominantly infected with the MAV strain In the present study there was high variability between wheat fields
The potential number of generations of Bactericera cockerelli in New Zealand
Authors: Vereijssen J. , Tran L.T. , Worner S.P.
Published: October 2019

The tomato potato psyllid (TPP) Bactericera cockerelli invaded New Zealand in 2006 and has now spread throughout most of the country TPP is an economically important pest of solanaceous crops that that not only causes damage through its feeding but also transmits the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum which is associated with zebra chip disease in potato Published developmental thresholds meteorological data and potato emergence and harvesting dates were used to estimate the potential number of generations of TPP for the main potatogrowing regions in cold average and hot spring and summer seasons in the 20062013 period Temperature was highly variable in spring and summer between regions and between years within a region The main effect of higher temperatures was that TPP generations were completed earlier which resulted in up to one extra generation in a season In the North Island regions spring temperatures were such that up to two generations could develop before potato emergence in contrast to the South Island where less than one generation occurred during this time This information can be used by crop managers to target management interventions for TPP more effectively
Sulphur reduces egglaying in laboratory trials with tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli)
Authors: Gardner-Gee R.
Published: October 2019

Sulphur is mainly used as a fungicide but is known to have insecticidal properties against some insect pests A series of laboratory studies was conducted to assess its effect on the tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; TPP) a recently established pest species in New Zealand that transmits the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) Short assays (8805; 24 h) using dipped leaves indicated that fresh sulphur residues had no discernible impact on TPP settlement patterns or onleaf behaviour However longer assays (8805; 72 h) using whole plants indicated that sulphur residues can disrupt egglaying behaviour but the effect was dependent on the assay design In 72 h choice assays TPP laid fewer eggs on plants sprayed with sulphur compared with control plants In nochoice assays sulphur residues did not consistently reduce egglaying Together these results suggest that sulphur may slow the buildup of TPP populations within crops by deterring egglaying However the lack of repellence or antifeeding properties means that sulphur treatments alone may not be sufficient to prevent the transmission of Lso by TPP
Effects of garlic oil on tomatopotato psyllid
Authors: Wright P.J. , Walker G.P. , Hedderley D.I.
Published: October 2019

Tomatopotato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) (TPP) is a vector for Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) a bacterium responsible for causing zebra chip (ZC) a mottled browning discolouration of cooked potato crisps Organic gardeners have long relied on garlic as part of their pestcontrol arsenal Garlic contains sulphur which besides being toxic to pests is also an antibacterial and antifungal agent BioRepel (JH Biotech Inc) is a natural insect repellent made from garlic oil (10 garlic oil) BioRepel has been reported to repel several plant insect pests including aphids leaf hoppers whiteflies and thrips A field trial conducted at Pukekohe to determine the effects of foliar applications of BioRepel garlic oil on TPP nymphs in potato foliage found that garlic oil significantly reduced TPP nymph populations TPP nymph numbers in the unsprayed plots increased during the season from 006 nymphs per leaf on 5 January to 1212 nymphs on 9 March 2010 while on that date the mean number of nymphs per leaf in the BioRepel oil treatment was 305 Further research to determine effects of garlic oil on zebra chip of potato crisps is planned
Developing an ecological riskbased approach to manage phytosanitary pest risks on export Pinus radiata logs from New Zealand
Authors: Pawson S.M. , Romo C.M. , Kerr J. , Bader M.K-F. , Brockerhoff E.G.
Published: October 2019

New Zealand currently exports 47 billion of wood products including more than 127 million m3 of logs (almost all Pinus radiata) Currently all logs are treated to eliminate infestation by phytosanitary pests with these treatments being specified by the import requirements of trading partners The most common treatment used at present is fumigation with methyl bromide or in the case of China phosphine which is permitted on the basis of an experimental use permit The primary pests of concern are two species of bark beetles (Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylastes ater) two species of wood borers (Arhopalus ferus and Prionoplus reticularis) and Sirex noctilio Sirex is rare in New Zealand due to the combination of a successful biological control programme and improved forest management practices However trading partners are sensitive to Sirex due to its impact in other countriesScion has just embarked on a 4year programme of research to evaluate the necessity of current mandatory end point phytosanitary treatments such as fumigation As an alternative we propose an ecologicallybased assessment process that determines actual phytosanitary risk so that the need for preexport treatments can be evaluated This concept uses ecological information eg pest phenology habitat requirements developmental biology and dispersal capabilities to determine if the potential pest pressure at a given time and place warrants the need for the application of an end point phytosanitary treatmentThis programme is adopting a Bayesian Network approach to model infestation risk both spatially and temporally The models rely heavily on (1) quantifying the thermal development of pest species so that phenology can be predicted from current and future meteorological conditions (2) understanding the influence of landscape context on pest abundance and (3) accurate estimates of pest dispersal abilities throughout the landscape The programme is supported by a national Quarantine Pest Trapping Network (QPTN) that will provide 4 years of pest abundance data from sites in both forests and ports The QPTN data will be used to make an initial case for a winter pestfree area of production contribute to the validation of the Bayesian Network models and provide the backbone of a future official assurance monitoring programme to support the adoption of an ecologicallybased assessment of phytosanitary risks to reduce the need for treatments of export logs