bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) at Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (Actinopterygii:Cyprinidae) in Lake Tödürge (Sivas/Turkey)
Authors: Ünver B. , Bakıcı M.Z.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT In this study, fish’s morphologic and anatomic lesions caused by motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) depending on environmental stress in carp, Cyprinus carpio population living in Lake Tödürge were identified. Various morphological and anatomical deformations and lesions were observed in the body of approximately 17% (252 fish specimens) of a total of 1488 carp samples. Bacteria are grown from all wipe samples. Bacterial colonies have a gray-white appearance with round, convex and smooth edges. 15-20 cfu colonies were observed in each aerop culture. As a result of analysis of wet wipe samples from infected fish’s skin, gill, kidney and liver, it is determined that the bacteria which causes septicemia is Aeromonas sobria from the Aeromonadaceae family (with 99.2% confidence value). No bacteria were grown in cultures except A. sobria. Some symptoms of the infection are inflammation on different parts of the fish bodies, eruption on skin and scales, dermal necrosis, degeneration at soft rays of the fins, exophthalmos, and purulent liquid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, etc. Infected fish were most commonly encountered in July and August (water temperature above 20ºC), the lowest in October and November (water temperature below 10ºC).
Sodium butyrate in post-hatch feed for broiler chicks
Authors: Carvalho F.B. , Stringhini J.H. , Café M.B. , Jardim Filho R.M. , Paz P.H.S. , Santos B.M.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This study was designed to determine adequate levels for sodium butyrate inclusion in pre-hatching and pre-starter feed in order to minimize the negative effects of post-hatch delayed placement on broiler chicks. Newly-hatched chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, each comprising five replicates of ten birds each. Five dietetic levels of sodium butyrate (control, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.200%) were used in the pre-starter feed offered to the chicks in the transporting box and during the pre-starter phase. Performance, yolk sac retraction, plasma glucose concentration, weight and histomorphometry of the small intestine were evaluated after 24 hours of feed access and at 7 days of age. A metabolic trial was performed when the chicks were seven to ten days of age. Supplementation of 0.1% sodium butyrate increased the development of broiler chicks’ intestinal villi at seven days of age but was not able to improve performance in the pre-starter phase. Supplementation with sodium butyrate in a diet offered in the transportation box does not improve broiler performance in the pre-starter phase. Supplementation of up to 0.16% is recommended, in order to improve the metabolizability of the ether extract for broilers at seven days of age.
Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in bitches five years after ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Leupolt B. , Barbieri C.R. , Jesus L. , Pöppl A.G.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is the most performed elective surgery in veterinary medicine. Although this procedure brings benefits both to the animal and public health, acquired urinary incontinence is a possible complication resultant from it. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and evaluate size, breed, and time of surgery as risk factors in a population of spayed female dogs in the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in the year of 2013, through the use of a multiple-choice screening instrument. Identified estimated prevalence was 11.27% and main risk factors were as follows: large size (OR = 7.12 IC95% = 1.42 - 35.67), Rottweiler breed (OR = 8.92; IC95% = 5.25 - 15.15), Pit-bull breed (OR = 4.14; IC95% = 2.19 - 7.83), and Labrador breed (OR = 2.73; IC95% = 1.53 - 4.87). Time of surgery was not considered a risk factor for urinary incontinence in this population (OR = 1.45; IC95% = 0.86 - 2.40). Even though most owners reported a small impact on their relationship with the animal, urinary incontinence hazard should be addressed before spaying.
Incubation variables, performance, and morphometry of the duodenal mucosa of Japanese quails (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) submitted to different incubation temperatures and thermally challenged after hatching
Authors: Porto M.L. , Teófilo T.S. , Cavalcanti D.M.L.P. , Freitas C.I.A. , Oliveira M.F. , Fontenele-Neto J.D.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different temperatures on incubation variables, performance, and morphometry of the duodenal mucosa of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submitted to chronic heat stress after hatching. We distributed 540 eggs in three incubators with a temperature of 37.8°C and 60% of humidity. From the 6th day of incubation until hatching, the temperatures were adjusted to (37.8°C, 38.5°C and 39.5°C). After hatching, quails were evaluated for the quality score, weighed, and distributed in a completely randomized design with three incubation temperatures (37.8, 38.5, and 39.5°C) and two ambient temperatures (stress and thermoneutral). At 10, 20, 30, and 40 days they were weighed to determine the live weight (g) and weight gain(g). To collect the duodenum and determine morphometric parameters, we euthanized four quails of each treatment. The data were analyzed, and the differences between the means determined by the Tukey test at 5%. The incubation temperature of 39.5°C provided lower hatching rate and the live weight at birth; however, from the 10th day of age, increased live weight, weight gain, and positively influenced the morphological parameters of the duodenal mucosa in situations of chronic stress.
Melittin-induced metabolic changes on the Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cell line
Authors: Picoli T. , Peter C.M. , Lopes M.G. , Barcelos L.S. , Varela Júnior A.S. , Corcini C.D. , Hübner S.O. , Vargas G.A. , Lima M. , Fischer G.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT In this study, the toxic effects of melittin on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells (MDBK) were analyzed with respect to mitochondrial functionality by reduction of MTT and flow cytometry, apoptosis potential, necrosis, oxygen reactive species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry and cell membrane destabilization by confocal microscopy. The toxicity presented dose-dependent characteristics and mitochondrial activity was inhibited by up to 78.24 ±3.59% (P<0.01, n = 6) in MDBK cells exposed to melittin (10μg/mL). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that melittin at 2μg/mL had the highest necrosis rate (P<0.05) for the cells. The lipoperoxidation of the membranes was also higher at 2μg/mL of melittin (P<0.05), which was further confirmed by the microphotographs obtained by confocal microscopy. The highest ROS production occurred when the cells were exposed to 2.5μg/mL melittin (P<0.05), and this concentration also increased DNA fragmentation (P<0.05). There was a significative and positive correlation between the lipoperoxidation of membranes with ROS (R=0.4158), mitochondrial functionality (R=0.4149), and apoptosis (R=0.4978). Thus, the oxidative stress generated by melittin culminates in the elevation of intracellular ROS that initiates a cascade of toxic events in MDBK cells.
Evaluation of mean gray values of a cat with chronic renal failure: case report
Authors: Arslan H.H. , Ozcan U. , Durmus Y.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT In this case, a 12-year-old female domestic cat with chronic renal failure (CRF), which had lived longer than the mean survival time for cats with that condition, was monitored to evaluate the effects of treatment and mean gray value (MGV) changes. The cat has lived for nearly four years since the diagnosis. Probiotics have been used as an additional, classical supportive therapy since the beginning of treatment. The temporal changes in renal MGV were statistically evaluated in the last year of the four-year period. The cat had a comfortable existence and good body condition all her life and probiotic therapy may have had a positive influence post-CRF diagnosis. Ultrasonography (US) examination is a commonly used tool for monitoring the CRF situation, but it is not particularly sensitive. Therefore, MGV may be more useful for the quantitative evaluation of the extent of renal failure. Also, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for a long-term clinical evaluation of MGV in a cat with CRF. The aim of this case report was the evaluation of the relationship between MGV and clinical and biochemical changes in a cat with chronic renal failure.
Strategic ventilation reduces non-ventilated contralateral lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation in rabbits
Authors: Liu H.J. , Jin J. , Huang D.D.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT One lung ventilation (OLV) often results in trauma to the unventilated contralateral lung. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different OLV regimens on the injury of the unventilated contralateral lung to identify the best conditions for OLV. Forty rabbits were divided into five groups: a sham group, OLV group I (fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) 1.0, tidal volume (VT) 8mL/kg, respiratory rate (R) 40 breaths/min and inspiratory/expiratory ratio (I:E) 1:2), OLV group II (FIO2=1.0, VT 8mL/kg, R 40 breaths/min, I:E 1:2, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cm H2O), OLV group III (FIO2 1.0, VT 6mL/kg, R 40 breaths/min, I:E 1:2 and PEEP 5 cm H2O) and OLV group IV (FIO2 0.8, VT 6mL/kg, R 40 breaths/min, I:E 1:2 and PEEP 5 cm H2O). Animals from all OLV groups received two-lung ventilation (TLV) to establish a baseline, followed by one of the indicated OLV regimens. The rabbits in the sham group were intubated through trachea and ventilated with fresh air. Arterial blood gas samples were collected, lung injury parameters were evaluated, and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA) in the unventilated lung were also measured. In OLV group I, the unventilated left lung had higher TNF-α, IL-8 and lung injury score but lower SPA than the ventilated right lung. In OLV groups I to III, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8 and lung injury score in the left lung decreased but SPA increased. No differences in these parameters between OLV groups III and IV were observed. Strategic ventilation designed for OLV groups III and IV reduced OLV-induced injury of the non-ventilated contralateral lung in rabbits.
Mais além do desamparo: orfandade e chefia entre os Bora na Amazônia colombiana
Authors: Lucas Maria Luísa
Published: May 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é abordar o tema da orfandade a partir de um estudo com os Bora na região do Caquetá-Putumayo e de possíveis comparações com outros casos etnográficos. Assim, veremos como os órfãos (e, por extensão, os chefes) podem nos ajudar a conhecer algumas relações assimétricas ameríndias encontradas, de maneira bastante abrangente, no domínio do parentesco. Atravessaremos, para isto, questões como a filiação adotiva, a criação de laços de afinidade e as relações de alimentação, de proteção, de controle e de servidão. Ao fazê-lo, paulatinamente colocaremos em xeque a extensão da noção euro-americana de orfandade e sua associação com uma situação irreversível de desamparo. Finalmente, ao conhecermos as transformações dessas relações através do tempo, veremos como os órfãos, ao invés de ocuparem posições sociais rígidas, formam com os chefes os polos de um gradiente relacional que dispõe, cria, organiza e dissolve um sem-número de relações.
Contra Durkheim. La Science sociale comme vision du monde, de Wiktor Stoczkowski
Authors: Cortado Thomas Jacques
Published: May 2021

Resumo Este artigo discute o polêmico livro do professor Wiktor Stoczkowski, La Science sociale comme vision du monde, publicado em 2019. Com o subtítulo Émile Durkheim et le mirage du salut, o livro acusa Durkheim de maquiar os dados empíricos, distorcer as interpretações de suas fontes e reproduzir os clichês filosóficos de seu tempo para promover uma visão pessoal do mundo, uma “cosmologia”. Tal visão, porque pretende salvar a humanidade dos males modernos, aproximar-se-ia perigosamente dos messianismos totalitários. Ao mesmo tempo em que expõe os principais argumentos de Stoczkowski, este ensaio ressalta a relevância do livro para uma “antropologia das matrizes do pensamento antropológico”, assim como critica vários de seus pressupostos. Em conclusão, esboça outra concepção de possível relação entre ciência e cosmologia pessoal que enfatize o lugar da imaginação teórica na pesquisa.
“Quem pode mais do que Deus?”: As crianças capuxu e suas experiências com os malassombros
Authors: Sousa Emilene Leite de
Published: May 2021

Resumo Este artigo etnográfico objetiva analisar as experiências das crianças Capuxu com os malassombros. Ele é produto de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo era investigar a produção da pessoa Capuxu à luz da fabricação dos corpos das crianças. Foi assim que resvalei nas percepções sobre corpo e alma, dimensões da pessoa Capuxu, e dentro da categoria alma revelou-se o conceito nativo de malassombro, aqui abordado através de um diálogo com as noções de morte e medo. Além disso, analiso a agência infantil em estratégias cotidianas para afugentar os malassombros; a inexistência de relação entre a crença em malassombros e a religiosidade; e o reconhecimento de que adultos e crianças podem compartilhar do mesmo repertório de crenças, mas atribuir sentidos diferentes. Demonstro que os Capuxu representam os mortos como almas-malassombradas porque as pessoas e as relações é que são importantes e a morte não impede a tessitura de tais relações.
Terra e desaforo: violência no campo, brigas e éticas de luta nos faxinais do Paraná
Authors: Ayoub Dibe
Published: May 2021

Resumo O presente artigo analisa experiências de assassinato e ameaça de morte vividas por posseiros do município de Pinhão, Paraná, em um conflito por terras que assume múltiplos desdobramentos. Para tanto, observam-se as categorias que os sujeitos acionam para narrar essas experiências: desaforos, provocações, brigas, esperas, brigas de bar, brigas de família. Esses termos não correspondem a tipologias ou códigos normativos, mas expressam formas de viver e reconhecer violações, bem como um saber sobre os perigos constitutivos de famílias, comunidades e da própria luta. Revelam, ainda, os processos de expropriação em seus aspectos performativo e cotidiano, nos quais a morte e sua ameaça compõem reivindicações sobre pessoas e terras e agenciam sujeitos e lugares no conflito. Essas categorias se caracterizam por sua abertura e permanente contestação, representando as maneiras com que os posseiros avaliam moralmente as violências e tensões implicadas no viver em terras em disputa.
Retrato da antropóloga quando jovem: Simoni Guedes - dos anos de formação a Subúrbio, celeiro de craques
Authors: Hollanda Bernardo Borges Buarque de
Published: May 2021

Resumo O presente artigo, escrito em homenagem à antropóloga Simoni Guedes (1949-2019), reconstitui elementos da trajetória de uma autora que exerceu notável influência na constituição de um campo de estudos para a antropologia dos esportes no Brasil. De início, o propósito do texto é dar a conhecer dados biográficos de suas origens familiares e de sua formação em Ciências Sociais na Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), entre os anos 1960 e 1970, informações via de regra pouco conhecidas, mesmo entre seus discípulos. Em seguida, aborda-se a importância de sua formação acadêmica no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social (PPGAS), do Museu Nacional, entre as décadas de 1970 e 1990, instituição em que se tornou mestra e doutora. Depois de traçar esse percurso intelectual formativo, tenciona-se por fim um exame mais detido em sua primeira publicação de vulto, dedicada à temática esportiva - “Subúrbio, celeiro de craques” -, que veio a lume em 1982, em coletânea germinal organizada por Roberto DaMatta: Universo do futebol.
A manobra assistida por gravidade abrindo as portas para o sistema solar exterior
Authors: Prado Antonio F. B. A.
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a manobra assistida por gravidade, um dos pilares da exploração espacial, principalmente no que se refere aos planetas mais distantes do Sol, como Júpiter e Saturno. Essa manobra é também conhecida como manobra de swing-by. Seu objetivo é alterar a velocidade, energia e momento angular de um veículo espacial através de uma passagem próxima a um corpo celeste massivo, como os planetas do Sistema Solar. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma revisão histórica desse tópico, citando as principais referências teóricas e aplicadas relacionadas a esse item. A seguir, é feito um tratamento matemático desse problema com base numa seqüência de interações de dois corpos, utilizando cálculo vetorial básico. Os resultados principais são derivados a partir desse modelo simples.
IMPAIRED COMFORT AT THE END OF LIFE: AN ASSOCIATION WITH NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL VARIABLES
Authors: Reis Karine Marques Costa dos , Jesus Cristine Alves Costa de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the associations between the clinical variables and the Nursing diagnoses of NANDA-I Taxonomy II with the presence of Impaired comfort. Method: a quantitative and analytical study conducted with 66 individuals with end-of-life oncological disease, admitted to a specialized institution in the Federal District, Brazil. Primary data were collected between February and November 2018, which covered social, demographic and clinical variables, in addition to three validated scales to identify Nursing diagnoses. To assess the association of impaired comfort (dependent variable) as a function of the independent variables (Nursing diagnosis and clinical variables), the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test and Pearson's chi-square test were used, considering p< 0.05 as significant. Results: a total of 960 diagnoses were identified in 66 patients. There was a positive relationship with Impaired comfort for the following Nursing diagnoses: Chronic pain; Impaired physical mobility; Self-care deficit (for feeding, bathing, intimate hygiene and dressing); Chronic sorrow and Dysfunctional family processes. The following clinical variables showed a statistically significant relationship regarding impaired comfort: time of palliative care, pain, tiredness, appetite, sorrow, anxiety and well-being. Conclusion: an association of the pain, impaired physical mobility, self-care deficit and chronic sorrow nursing diagnoses with impaired comfort was identified. Among the clinical variables, there was a relationship between time of palliative care and symptoms.
Recursos ambientais, tipos de brinquedos e práticas familiares que potencializam o desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil
Authors: Pereira Leiziane , Guedes Sabrina da Conceição , Morais Rosane Luzia de Souza , Nobre Juliana Nogueira Pontes , Santos Juliana Nunes
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar fatores associados ao desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças de 24 a 42 meses de idade, assim como caracterizar a disponibilidade de brinquedos e recursos presentes no ambiente familiar e as práticas parentais que sinalizam estabilidade familiar. Método Estudo transversal analítico realizado com crianças regularmente matriculadas em instituições de ensino públicas e privadas de uma cidade de médio porte. O desenvolvimento cognitivo foi avaliado por meio do teste Bayley e a qualidade do ambiente que vive a criança foi avaliada utilizando-se o Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar- RAF adaptado. Para conhecimento do nível econômico das famílias utilizou-se o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil 2015 (CCEB). As crianças foram alocados em dois grupos com base no resultado do teste cognitivo e comparadas quanto às atividades e rotinas da família e recursos presentes no domicílio. Resultados Das 104 crianças avaliadas, 72% são matriculadas na rede de ensino público, 69% pertencentes as classes econômicas C e D. De acordo com o desenvolvimento cognitivo, 55% obtiveram desenvolvimento acima da média aritmética. Na análise bivariada observou-se que os passeios e viagens realizados pela criança, maior escolaridade materna e paterna, vínculo com creches particulares, assim como a maior disponibilidade de recursos e níveis econômicos maiores foram relacionados a melhores escores cognitivos. Os dois últimos fatores permaneceram como preditores do desenvolvimento cognitivo na análise de regressão logística binária. Conclusão Maior disponibilidade de recursos no ambiente familiar e níveis econômicos foram positivamente associados ao desenvolvimento cognitivo.
O impacto da implementação do Picture Exchange Communication System - PECS na compreensão de instruções em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo
Authors: Santos Patricia de Almeida , Bordini Daniela , Scattolin Monica , Asevedo Graccielle Rodrigues da Cunha , Caetano Sheila Cavalcante , Paula Cristiane Silvestre , Perissinoto Jacy , Tamanaha Ana Carina
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da implementação do Picture Exchange Communication System – PECS na compreensão de instruções de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Método Trata-se de estudo longitudinal. A amostra foi constituída por 20 crianças com TEA não verbais, sendo 15 meninos e 5 meninas, na faixa etária de 6 a 12 anos, avaliadas e diagnosticadas por equipe multidisciplinar, segundo os critérios do DSM-5. Para avaliação da compreensão de instruções foram aplicadas 8 instruções visuais e 8 instruções orais, em dois momentos do Programa de Implementação do PECS: no início das fases II e IV. O programa foi composto por 24 sessões de terapia fonoaudiológica individual com a presença do familiar e obedeceu às seis fases propostas originalmente pelo Manual de Treinamento do PECS. Resultados Houve aumento expressivo na compreensão de todas as instruções, na comparação entre os dois momentos do estudo; sendo que em seis das instruções orais (p=0,001) e cinco das instruções visuais (p=0,002), esse aumento foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão Foi possível observar o impacto positivo do uso do PECS na compreensão de instruções tanto visuais quanto orais, mostrando que esse sistema não apenas fornece uma ferramenta de comunicação aumentativa ou alternativa para a criança se expressar, mas também promove melhora significativa na compreensão das informações contextuais.
Estudo comparativo das emissões otoacústicas evocadas em trabalhadores marítimos Offshore e Onshore
Authors: Malheiros Moara Karoline Silveira , Câmara Volney de Magalhães , Garcia Tatiana Rodrigues , Cavalcante Dayane Calixto , Mendonça Lucas Wilson de , Andrade Maria Isabel Kós Pinheiro de
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a função coclear de trabalhadores marítimos Offshore e Onshore de uma empresa naval da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e estimar a magnitude de associação entre a exposição ocupacional ao ruído e/ou substâncias químicas e alterações na função coclear. Método Neste estudo, foram avaliados trabalhadores marítimos entre 20-49 anos, de ambos os gêneros, sem queixas auditivas, distribuídos em dois grupos: o Grupo Offshore, que operam em alto mar com exposição ocupacional; e o Grupo Onshore, que operam em escritórios sem exposição ocupacional. Para avaliação da função coclear, foram realizados os exames de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente (EOAT) e por produto de distorção (EOAPD). Resultados As respostas das EOAT e EOAPD foram, em média, menores no Grupo Offshore, para todas as frequências analisadas. A proporção de falhas observadas também foi maior no grupo de exposição (Offshore), tanto no critério geral quanto por frequência específica, principalmente para as frequências mais agudas de cada teste, 4 kHz para EOAT e 6 kHz para EOAPD. Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que a exposição a ruído e/ou a substâncias químicas pode contribuir significativamente para alterações da função coclear de trabalhadores marítimos, mesmo antes de manifestarem queixas auditivas.
Protocolos de prevenção e enfrentamento da violência sexual no contexto universitário: uma análise do cenário latino-americano
Authors: Linhares Yana , Fontana Jordana , Laurenti Carolina
Published: May 2021

Resumo A violência sexual é um problema de saúde pública presente em diversos contextos, inclusive nas universidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa documental foi sistematizar informações de 34 protocolos de prevenção e enfrentamento da violência sexual de universidades da América Latina. Foram analisados: ano de publicação; termos empregados para designar objetivos e diretrizes, bem como as referências utilizadas para conceituá-los; inclusão de marcadores sociais; âmbito de aplicação; e rede de apoio disponibilizada pela universidade. Do total, 75% dos protocolos foram criados entre 2015 e 2018, o que indica seu caráter recente. Quanto à terminologia, a noção de violência sexual permite uma descrição mais extensiva e objetiva de diferentes formas de violência, mostrando-se profícua na identificação do fenômeno. Quanto à abrangência da aplicação dos protocolos, é importante pautar a caracterização do contexto universitário pelos vínculos institucionais, e não apenas pelos limites espaciais dos campi, considerando tanto as relações presenciais quanto as virtuais. A rede de apoio disponibilizada pela universidade é um fator decisivo para o acolhimento e o encaminhamento mais efetivo dos casos. Conclui-se que, mesmo que a elaboração de protocolos seja uma política necessária para sancionar a responsabilidade da universidade, é preciso que ela seja integrada a ações suplementares, incluindo o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas na área.
Reliability analysis of truss structures considering complete failure paths and using the FLHB model
Authors: Felipe Túlio Raunyr Cândido , Leonel Edson Denner , Haach Vladimir Guilherme , Beck André Teófilo
Published: May 2021

abstract: The study of progressive collapse of structures using numerical models requires accurate modeling of geometrical nonlinearity and material failure behavior. Numerical models must demonstrate stability, such that localized member failures do not trigger numerical instabilities. Also, algorithms should be efficient, to limit the computational burden of analyzing multiple responses when considering the effects of uncertain loads, geometric and material variables. In this scientific domain, a comprehensive non-linear ductile-damage truss-element model has been recently presented by the authors. The model accounts for the geometrical and material nonlinearities observed during progressive collapse of structural systems. In this paper, the Felipe-Leonel-Haach-Beck (FLHB) model is calibrated to describe the response of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Based on a limited number of UHPFRC experimental curves, statistics of FLHB model parameters are obtained. These are employed in the probabilistic analysis of failure paths of truss structures under progressive collapse. Monte Carlo Simulation and the First Order Reliability Method are employed in the probabilistic failure path analyses. Six application examples demonstrate the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the FLHB model in evaluation of failure paths of realistic structural systems.
Fatigue safety level provided by Brazilian design standards for a prestressed girder highway bridge
Authors: Carneiro Anselmo Leal , Portela Enson de Lima , Bittencourt Túlio Nogueira , Beck André Teófilo
Published: May 2021

Abstract It is well known that highway bridges are subjected to fatigue as they work under live loads with different frequencies and amplitude. The safety level for fatigue required by Brazilian codes is still unknown, especially for prestressed concrete girders. Also, current studies on fatigue reliability of bridges only evaluate bending. This work assesses the fatigue safety level provided by Brazilian design standards for a concrete highway bridge, using weigh-in-motion (WIM) data of an important federal Brazilian highway, BR-381 (Fernão Dias Highway). The Palmgren-Miner rule is considered to evaluate the service life and reliability indexes, from the fatigue point of view, of prestressed girders designed according to Brazilian codes. Using limited and complete prestressing levels, different traffic volumes are considered. It is found that the fatigue safety levels of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements are larger than the ones recommended by the international literature.
Urinary Excretion of Aquaporin-2 in Rat Is Mediated by a Vasopressin-Dependent Apical Pathway
Authors: WEN HUAJIE , FRØKIÆR JØRGEN , KWON TAE-HWAN , NIELSEN SØREN
Published: May 2021

Clinical studies have shown that aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel, is excreted in the urine, and that the excretion increases in response to vasopressin. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in AQP2 excretion are unknown, and it is unknown whether the excretion correlates with AQP2 levels in kidney or levels in the apical plasma membrane. The present study was undertaken to clarify these issues. Immunoblotting of rat urine samples revealed significant excretion of AQP2, whereas AQP3, being a basolateral aquaporin in the same cells, was undetectable. Thus, there was a nonproportional excretion of AQP2 and AQP3 (compared with kidney levels), indicating that AQP2 is excreted predominantly via a selective apical pathway and not by whole cell shedding. Urinary AQP2 was associated with small vesicles, membrane fragments, and multivesicular bodies as determined by immunoelectron microscopy and negative staining techniques. In rats with normal water supply, daily urinary excretion of AQP2 was 3.9 ± 0.9% (n = 6) of total kidney expression. Treatment with desmopressin acetate subcutaneously caused a fourfold increase in urinary excretion of AQP2 during 8 h. Forty-eight hours of thirsting, known to increase endogenous vasopressin secretion, resulted in a three-fold increase in kidney AQP2 levels but urinary excretion increased ninefold to 15 ± 3% (n = 6) of AQP2 in kidney of thirsted rats. Moreover, rats that were thirsted for 48 h and subsequently allowed free access to water for 24 h produced a decrease in urinary AQP2 excretion to 38 ± 15% (n = 6) of that during thirsting. In Brattleboro rats or lithium-treated normal rats completely lacking vasopressin action, and hence having extremely low levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, AQP2 was undetectable in urine. Thus, conditions with known altered vasopressin levels and altered levels of AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane were associated with corresponding major changes in AQP2 urine excretion. In contrast, in such conditions, kidney AQP2 levels and urinary AQP2 excretion did not show a proportional relationship.
Thrombin Stimulates Synthesis of Type IV Collagen and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 by Cultured Human Mesangial Cells
Authors: KAIZUKA MITSUAKI , YAMABE HIDEAKI , OSAWA HIROSHI , OKUMURA KEN , FUJIMOTO NOBORU
Published: May 2021

Glomerular accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is the common pathologic feature following glomerular injury, and the alteration in the synthesis and degradation of ECM may be involved in the glomerular accumulation of ECM. Glomerular fibrin formation occurs in various forms of human and experimental glomerulonephritis, and it may play an important role in progressive glomerular injury. Thrombin, a multifunctional serine proteinase that is generated at the site of vascular injury, has central functions in hemostasis and it also shows various biologic effects. In this study, it is hypothesized that thrombin may alter the production and the degradation of type IV collagen, which is an important component of ECM in the glomeruli. Human mesangial cells (HMC) were cultured, and the levels of type IV collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the culture supernatants were measured by enzyme immunoassay using specific antibodies. MMP-2 activity was also evaluated by zymography using polyacrylamide/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel-containing gelatin. Thrombin increased the production of type IV collagen and TIMP-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but it did not increase MMP-2. Thrombin also stimulated the gene expressions of the type IV collagen and TIMP-1 in HMC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thrombin treated with diisopropylfluorophosphate, a serine proteinase inhibitor, did not show any of these effects. Hirudin, a natural thrombin inhibitor, and anti-transforming growth factor-β-neutralizing antibody inhibited the stimulating effect of thrombin. These findings suggest that thrombin may contribute to the excessive accumulation of ECM and progression of glomerulosclerosis through an increase of type IV collagen production and a decreased matrix degradation presumably via a transforming growth factor-β-dependent mechanism.
The Relation Between Body Size and Normalized Small Solute Clearances in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: TZAMALOUKAS ANTONIOS H. , MURATA GLEN H. , PIRAINO BETH , MALHOTRA DEEPAK , BERNARDINI JUDITH , RAO PANDURANGA , OREOPOULOS DIMITRIOS G.
Published: May 2021

The normalized peritoneal clearances of small solutes depend on the ratio of their concentration in dialysate and plasma (D/P) and the drain volume (Dv) corrected for some measure of body size such as body water (V) or body surface area (BSA). The clearance formulas (D/P) × (Dv/V) and (D/P) × (Dv/BSA) can be used to examine why large individuals tend to be underdialyzed. Large people have low normalized drain volumes (Dv/V, Dv/BSA). It is not known whether size affects the D/P ratios. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between normalized peritoneal clearances (Kt/V
urea, C
Cr per 1.73 m2 BSA) and four size indicators (weight, height, V, BSA) in 301 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (four daily exchanges with 2-L exchange volume) who underwent 613 clearance studies. Highly significant (P < 0.001) nonlinear relationships were found between Kt/V
urea and weight (r
2 = 0.371), height (r
2 = 0.289), BSA (r
2 = 0.436), and V (r
2 = 0.527); and between CCr and weight (r
2 = 0.178), height (r
2 = 0.115), BSA (r
2 = 0.199), and V (r
2 = 0.151). There were also significant negative correlations between the normalized drain volumes (Dv/V and Dv/BSA) and all four indicators of body size. Raw (not normalized) peritoneal clearances and drain volumes correlated positively with size. However, D/P
urea or D/P
creatinine did not vary with any size indicator except for a weak association between D/P
creatinine and V (r = 0.089, P = 0.028). This association was not confirmed when V was used to stratify subjects into quartiles, and group differences for D/P
creatinine were tested by one-way ANOVA. This study shows that the exclusive cause of the low normalized peritoneal clearances in large subjects on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a low normalized drain volume. No evidence was found to indicate that body size influences the D/P ratio of small solutes. The portion of the variance in normalized clearance explained by size varies by size indicator and solute (urea versus creatinine).
PAULO RÓNAI PAL
Authors: Gil Conde Valeria
Published: May 2021

A paixão pelo estudo de idiomas acompanhou Paulo Rónai desde menino, segundo confessou em um de seus escritos, sonho que ainda acalentava ao atingir a adolescência.
The Juristic Nature of iLobolo Agreements in Modern South Africa
Authors: Siyabonga Sibisi
Published: May 2021

The practice of ilobolo has been referred to by many names, including bridal-price, bridewealth, marriage goods or dowry. These concepts are misleading as they suggest that a woman is being bought. There are sections of society who argue that the practice is unconstitutional as it discriminates against women and must be abolished. There are also sections who argue that the practice of ilobolo is firmly rooted in customary marriages and cannot be dispensed with. They add that the practice is not discriminatory against women as it is men who are required to pay ilobolo and not women. Often the agreement that underlies ilobolo is referred to as the ilobolo contract. This brings into purview the question of the juristic nature of the ilobolo agreement; whether it is a contract or a merely an agreement. A conclusion in this regard is important because it sheds some light on the enforceability of an agreement to pay ilobolo. This article sets out to analyse the juristic nature of the ilobolo agreement and concludes that the ilobolo agreement is a sui generis agreement with legal consequences and should be enforceable in a court of law.
The Concept of “Indigenous Land Tenure” Surfaces in Namibia: A Comparative Overview ‒ Agnes Kahimbi Kashela v Katima Mulilo Town Council (SA 15/2017) [2018] NASC 409 (16 November 2018)
Authors: George Barrie
Published: May 2021

The facts in this case, which fell to be decided by the Supreme Court of Namibia in November 2018, can be succinctly put: in 1985, Ms Kashela’s late father was allocated a piece of land as part of communal land by the Mafwe Traditional Authority (MTA) in the Caprivi region of the then-South West Africa (now Namibia). In 1985, the Caprivi region fell under the then-South West Africa Administration. Following the independence of Namibia on 21 March 1990, all communal lands became property of the state of Namibia by virtue of section 124 of the Constitution of Namibia Act 1 of 1990, read with Schedule 5 of the Constitution. Paragraph (3) of Schedule 5 of the Constitution states that the afore-mentioned communal lands became property of the state “subject to any existing right, charge, obligation or trust existing on or over such property”.
La République Démocratique du Congo: dramaturgies du conflit (idées et formes)
Authors: Jakubczuk R , Wotowski W
Published: May 2021

This article, which focuses on selected plays by contemporary Congolese playwrights, has two objectives: the first of which is to illustrate how theatre production in the DRC in contemporary times has been devoted to highlighting various social and political conflicts within the society. The paper's second objective is to examine the aesthetic and technical aspects of the plays under study, such as the use of allegory, metaphors, verbal invention, proverbs, enunciative heterogeneity, voice orchestration, and theatricality encoded in stage directions (didascalia). Through its critical analysis of dramaturgy and style, the paper reveals the manner in which the authors display a heightened sense of awareness about conflicts within their society by employing an agonistic mode in their plot construction. The paper also highlights how the plays have contributed greatly to the development of writing for performance in Africa in general, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo in particular.
Relation between syphilis cases and sex education of women in a family health unit in the city of Lauro de Freitas
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Fernandes , Macedo Bruna Meyer C. Martins , Cordeiro Anne Moreira , Magalhães Karoline Freitas , Freitas Catarina Ferreira , Lemos Amanda Queiroz
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: To verify the relation between syphilis cases and sex education in a Family Health Unit in the city of Lauro de Freitas. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Metropolitan Union for the Development of Education and Culture (UNIME). The target audience was women aged 18 to 60 years from a specific covered area of a Family Health Unit in Lauro de Freitas-BA. A questionnaire prepared by the researchers was applied to 114 participants. RESULTS: 55 (48.2%) of the women studied considered themselves black and 31 (27.2%) had more than 11 years of study (high school complete). 62 (54.4%) were legally single, 84 (74.3%) had an active sex life, 87 (77.0%) had a steady partner. 113 (99.1%) women believe it is women's right to demand condom use. Only 7 (8.8%) of those surveyed reported having syphilis. 79 (69.3%) considers that they have good knowledge regarding sex education. 104 (91.2%) answered that the contagion is through sexual intercourse without a condom, but 60 (52.6%) of them have little information about the disease in question. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that 52.6% of women know little or nothing about syphilis. In addition, it was noted that when asked about the ways of syphilis contamination, none of the 114 women interviewed were able to answer all the correct alternatives. So, it is possible to conclude that it is necessary to implement new interaction public policies between the family health unit and the community.
Correctness of the Subtitled Expressions in Context: The Translator in Film Making Process
Authors: Nwike Christopher Chinedu , Agbedo Christopher Uchenna
Published: May 2021

This paper hinges on the correctness of the subtitled expressions in context: The translator in film making process. The objective of the study is to ascertain the correctness of subtitled expressions in context, in the movie used for the study. It focuses on fishing out the wrong subtitled expressions in context of discourses in the movie Onye Bụ Nna M. The study sees subtitle as substituting the vocal utterances in a filmic material to a written equivalence on the screen of the television. The discredit of subtitle in the Nollywood touches the areas of wrong expression of a particular utterance in a movie into another language through subtitle and non alignment of the spoken utterances with its subtitled equivalences. However, all these formed the problem of the study. This study adopts the formal and dynamic equivalence of Nida as well as Gottlieb’s strategies of subtitle as the frameworks of the study in order to effectively carry out this research. This research adopts the emergent design approach in its methodology. The study reveals that if information is subtitled well with the correct tenses in context, there will be no misinterpretation of ideas or information by the target audience.
A Constraint-based Analysis of Obligatory Contour Principle in Anaang Morphological Constructions
Authors: Akpabio Unwana , Babarinde Olusanmi , Iloene George
Published: May 2021

The obligatory contour principle forbids identical consecutive features in the underlying representation. This work undertakes a description of the Anaang tonal structure, the tonal behaviour of compounds and reduplicates in the language, bearing in mind their sensitivity to the OCP and the environments that trigger the adherence. An adapted Ibadan wordlist of 400 Basic Items (Trial) English version was used via interview for data collection from six men and six women within Abak Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State. The data were analysed using optimality theoretical framework. The analysis shows that Anaang compounds as well as reduplicates exhibit cases of tonal modifications in line with OCP. For compounds, the tone of the second noun changes depending on the tonal sequence. In the HH noun base, the second-high tone of the second noun changes to a low tone, in the LH noun base, the tone of the second noun is raised to a down-stepped high tone, the LL noun base sees the tone of the second noun being raised to a high tone. For reduplication, the tone of the L verb base changes when the redup

lication is partial. When the reduplication is complete, the high tone of the second noun is down-stepped.
The Use of Interactional Metadiscourse Markers in English Book Reviews Across Disciplines
Authors: Zal Neda , Moini Mohammad Raouf
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to investigate the frequency and type of stance and engagement features in each move of book reviews of soft and hard disciplines according to Hyland’s (2005) Interactional Metadiscourse taxonomy. A corpus of 102 book reviews published by 30 first quality journals in 6 disciplines was randomly selected and analyzed. The results indicated a significant difference between book reviews in terms of stance markers. Furthermore, Move 2 (Outlining) enjoyed the highest frequency of stance features, while move 4 (Evaluation) contained the least frequency of stance features. Also, a significant difference was observed in the use of stance markers in Introducing, Outlining, and Highlighting. However, using engagement markers, the significant difference was only in the highlighting.
Kidney graft function and arterial stiffness in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Heleniak Zbigniew , Illersperger Sarah , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja , Budde Klemens , Halleck Fabian
Published: May 2021

Introduction. In renal transplant recipients (RTRs), cardiovascular (CV) complications are associated with non-traditional risk factors, such as a decline in graft function, immunosuppressive therapy, time of dialysis before transplantation, inflammation and anemia. Higher value of arterial stiffness is the consequence of risk factors and it can lead to CV events. The aim of this study was the assessment of the arterial stiffness in RTRs with different value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its correlation with classical and non-classical CV risk factors. Methods. 344 stable RTRs were enrolled in this study. The arterial stiffness was measured in all participants. The study population was divided in two groups based on the value of eGFR: 201 (≥45 ml/min/1,73 m2) and 143 (<45 ml/min/1,73 m2). Demographic, immunosuppression status, clinical and biochemical information were referred to a single assessment obtained from medical records in the patients’ medical files. Vascular stiffness was determined by an automated oscillometric device. Results. In the group with eGFR<45 ml/min/1.73 m2 there were more patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the participants were older, in comparison to those with eGFR≥45 ml/min/1.73 m2. Arterial stiffness was significantly higher in the group with worse graft function. The analysis showed a significant correlation between age, cardiovascular disease and all arterial stiffness parameters. In addition, a significant correlation was found between all PWV variables and pulse pressure (PP) and pulsatile stress (PS), in the total population and in groups with eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR≥45 ml/min/1.73 m2. The multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between age, CVD and baPWV left, baPWV right and cf PWV in the total population. Arterial stiffness did not differ depending on eGFR. Conclusions. Significant influence of age and CVD on arterial stiffness in RTRs was confirmed and PWV did not differ depending on eGFR. Our ﬁndings suggest that PS, as a marker for arterial stiffness, represents an easy and cost-effective tool.
Analysis and the Legal Result of Cancelling Sale and Purchase Agreements Not Notary
Authors: Chrisdianto Rizky
Published: May 2021

The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. By using primary and secondary legal materials, along with tertiary legal materials as supporting materials. The contents of the sale-to-buy agreement agreement constitute a preliminary agreement to give birth to the main or main agreement which usually consists of promises from the parties which contain provisions regarding the agreed terms to legally carry out the main agreement. For example, in the process of contracting the sale and purchase of land rights, which in one of the agreement clauses can contain promises from both the seller of the land rights and the buyers regarding the fulfillment of the conditions so that the main agreement, namely the sale and purchase agreement and the sale and purchase certificate, can be signed immediately before the official a promise to carry out the management of such land rights before the selling process is carried out as usually requested by the buyers, or a promise to immediately make payments by the buyer as a condition of the seller as a sales deed that can be signed before the official who makes the land certificate.