bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering polyelemental nanostructures with redistributed plasmonic modes through combinatorial synthesis
Authors: Du Jingshan S. , Cherqui Charles , Ueltschi Tyler W. , Wahl Carolin B. , Bourgeois Marc , Van Duyne Richard P. , Schatz George C. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: December 2023

Coupling plasmonic and functional materials provides a promising way to generate multifunctional structures. However, finding plasmonic nanomaterials and elucidating the roles of various geometric and dielectric configurations are tedious. This work describes a combinatorial approach to rapidly exploring and identifying plasmonic heteronanomaterials. Symmetry-broken noble/non-noble metal particle heterojunctions (~100 nanometers) were synthesized on multiwindow silicon chips with silicon nitride membranes. The metal types and the interface locations were controlled to establish a nanoparticle library, where the particle morphology and scattering color can be rapidly screened. By correlating structural data with near- and far-field single-particle spectroscopy data, we found that certain low-energy plasmonic modes could be supported across the heterointerface, while others are localized. Furthermore, we found a series of triangular heteronanoplates stabilized by epitaxial Moiré superlattices, which show strong plasmonic responses despite largely comprising a lossy metal (~70 atomic %). These architectures can become the basis for multifunctional and cost-effective plasmonic devices.
Realization of photon correlations beyond the linear optics limit
Authors: Park Geobae , Matsumoto Issei , Kiyohara Takayuki , Hofmann Holger F. , Okamoto Ryo , Takeuchi Shigeki
Published: December 2023

Linear optical transformations of multiple single-photon inputs are fundamental for the development of photonic quantum technologies. Various nonclassical correlations can already be observed directly in states generated using only single-photon inputs and linear optics transformations. However, some quantum correlations require additional operations, and states that exhibit such correlations are classified as non-Fock states. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a two-photon three-mode non-Fock state that exhibits conditional quantum coherences that can only be achieved by non-Fock states. We determine the fidelity of the non-Fock state based on experimentally observed conditional visibilities that characterize the state and compare the result to the fidelity bounds for different classes of Fock and non-Fock states. Our experimental verification of the non-Fock character of the state provides insights into the technological requirements needed to achieve nonclassical correlations in multiphoton quantum optics.
Cellular immunity analysis by a modular acoustofluidic platform: CIAMAP
Authors: Zhong Ruoyu , Sullivan Matthew , Upreti Neil , Chen Roy , De Ganzó Agustin , Yang Kaichun , Yang Shujie , Jin Ke , He Ye , Li Ke , Xia Jianping , Ma Zhiteng , Lee Luke P. , Konry Tania , Huang Tony Jun
Published: December 2023

The study of molecular mechanisms at the single-cell level holds immense potential for enhancing immunotherapy and understanding neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases by identifying previously concealed pathways within a diverse range of paired cells. However, existing single-cell pairing platforms have limitations in low pairing efficiency, complex manual operation procedures, and single-use functionality. Here, we report a multiparametric cellular immunity analysis by a modular acoustofluidic platform: CIAMAP. This platform enables users to efficiently sort and collect effector-target (i.e., NK92-K562) cell pairs and monitor the real-time dynamics of immunological response formation. Furthermore, we conducted transcriptional and protein expression analyses to evaluate the pathways that mediate effector cytotoxicity toward target cells, as well as the synergistic effect of doxorubicin on the cellular immune response. Our CIAMAP can provide promising building blocks for high-throughput quantitative single-cell level coculture to understand intercellular communication while also empowering immunotherapy by precision analysis of immunological synapses.
KCNN4 links PIEZO-dependent mechanotransduction to NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Ran Li , Ye Tao , Erbs Eric , Ehl Stephan , Spassky Nathalie , Sumara Izabela , Zhang Zhirong , Ricci Romeo
Published: December 2023

Immune cells sense the microenvironment to fine-tune their inflammatory responses. Patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), caused by mutations in the
NLRP3
gene, develop autoinflammation triggered by nonantigenic cues such as from the environment. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we uncover that KCNN4, a calcium-activated potassium channel, links PIEZO-mediated mechanotransduction to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Yoda1, a PIEZO1 agonist, lowered the threshold for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PIEZO-mediated sensing of stiffness and shear stress increased NLRP3-dependent inflammation. Myeloid-specific deletion of
PIEZO1/2
protected mice from gouty arthritis. Mechanistically, activation of PIEZO1 triggers calcium influx, which activates KCNN4 to evoke potassium efflux and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activation of PIEZO signaling was sufficient to activate the inflammasome in cells expressing CAPS-causing NLRP3 mutants via KCNN4. Last, pharmacological inhibition of KCNN4 alleviated autoinflammation in cells of patients with CAPS and in mice bearing a CAPS mutation. Thus, PIEZO-dependent mechanical inputs boost inflammation in NLRP3-dependent diseases, including CAPS.
The heme oxygenase-1 metalloporphyrin inhibitor stannsoporfin enhances the bactericidal activity of a novel regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a murine model
Authors: Ruelas Castillo Jennie , Neupane Pranita , Karanika Styliani , Krug Stefanie , Quijada Darla , Garcia Andrew , Ayeh Samuel , Yilma Addis , Costa Diego L. , Sher Alan , Fotouhi Nader , Serbina Natalya , Karakousis Petros C.
Published: December 2023

Multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) poses significant challenges to global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) offer a novel approach to TB treatment by enhancing immune-mediated clearance of Mtb. Prior preclinical studies found that the inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in heme metabolism, with tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) significantly reduced mouse lung bacillary burden when co-administered with the first-line antitubercular regimen. Here, we evaluated the adjunctive HDT activity of a novel HO-1 inhibitor, stannsoporfin (SnMP), in combination with a novel MDR-TB regimen comprising a next-generation diarylquinoline, TBAJ-876 (S), pretomanid (Pa), and a new oxazolidinone, TBI-223 (O) (collectively, SPaO), in Mtb-infected BALB/c mice. After 4 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 5mg/kg reduced mean lung bacillary burden by an additional 0.69 log
10
(
P
= 0.01) relative to SPaO alone. As early as 2 weeks post-treatment initiation, SnMP adjunctive therapy differentially altered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and CD38, a marker of M1 macrophages. Next, we evaluated the sterilizing potential of SnMP adjunctive therapy in a mouse model of microbiological relapse. After 6 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 10mg/kg reduced lung bacterial burdens to 0.71 ± 0.23 log
10
colony-forming units (CFUs), a 0.78 log-fold greater decrease in lung CFU compared to SpaO alone (
P
= 0.005). However, adjunctive SnMP did not reduce microbiological relapse rates after 5 or 6 weeks of treatment. SnMP was well tolerated and did not significantly alter gross or histological lung pathology. SnMP is a promising HDT candidate requiring further study in combination with regimens for drug-resistant TB.
Defining treatment success in children with surgical conditions
Authors: Rivero-Arias Oliver , Buckell John , Knight Marian , Craig B M , Ramakrishnan Rema , Kenny Simon , Allin Benjamin
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Develop a score summarising how successfully a child with any surgical condition has been treated, and test the clinical validity of the score.

Design

Discrete choice experiment (DCE), and secondary analysis of data from six UK-wide prospective cohort studies.

Participants

253 people with lived experience of childhood surgical conditions, 114 health professionals caring for children with surgical conditions and 753 members of the general population completed the DCE. Data from 1383 children with surgical conditions were used in the secondary analysis.

Main outcome measures

Normalised importance value of attribute (NIVA) for number/type of operations, hospital-treated infections, quality of life and duration of survival (reference attribute).

Results

Quality of life and duration of survival were the most important attributes in deciding whether a child had been successfully treated. Parents, carers and previously treated adults placed equal weight on both attributes (NIVA=0.996; 0.798 to 1.194). Healthcare professionals placed more weight on quality of life (NIVA=1.469; 0.950 to 1.987). The general population placed more weight on survival (NIVA=0.823; 95% CI 0.708 to 0.938). The resulting score (the Children’s Surgery Outcome Reporting (CSOR) Treatment Success Score (TSS)) has the best possible value of 1, a value of 0 describes palliation and values less than 0 describe outcomes worse than palliation. CSOR TSSs varied clinically appropriately for infants whose data were included in the UK-wide cohort studies.

Conclusions

The CSOR TSS summarises how successfully children with surgical conditions have been treated, and can therefore be used to compare hospitals’ observed and expected outcomes.
Association of foveal avascular zone change and glaucoma progression
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Moghimi Sasan , Walker Evan , Gunasegaran Gopikasree , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Kamalipour Alireza , Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N
Published: December 2023

Background/aims

To investigate the association between longitudinal changes of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the rate of structural and functional progression in glaucoma.

Methods

A longitudinal cohort included 115 eyes (46 glaucoma suspect and 66 primary open-angle glaucoma) of 81 patients having ≥2 year follow-up, and ≥4 visits with optical coherence tomography angiography and visual field (VF). Eyes in the longitudinal cohort with a slope greater than that found in 95 percentile of separate healthy test–retest series for FAZ area were categorised into FAZ progressors; all other eyes were defined as FAZ non-progressors. A generalised linear mixed-effect model was used to investigate the association of FAZ progressors with demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

Faster ganglion cell complex (GCC) thinning and faster VF mean deviation (MD) loss were found in eyes with FAZ progressors compared with FAZ non-progressors (mean difference: −0.7 (95% CI, −1.4 to −0.1) µm/y; p=0.026, −0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1) dB/y; p=0.017, respectively), while whole image vessel density was not associated with FAZ progressors (p=0.929). SD of intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP range were also associated with FAZ progressors in separate multivariable models (OR: 1.54 (1.02 to 2.32) per 1 mm Hg higher, p=0.041; OR: 1.20 (1.01 to 1.41) per 1 mm Hg higher; p=0.035, respectively).

Conclusions

Significant FAZ increase was weakly associated with moderately faster rates of both GCC thinning and VF MD loss, but not macular vessel density change in glaucoma eyes. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological associations between macula GCC thinning and FAZ area increases in glaucoma.
Factors affecting the implementation of calcium supplementation strategies during pregnancy to prevent pre-eclampsia: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Cormick Gabriela , Moraa Hellen , Zahroh Rana Islamiah , Allotey John , Rocha Thaís , Peña-Rosas Juan Pablo , Qureshi Zahida P , Hofmeyr G Justus , Mistry Hema , Smits Luc , Vogel Joshua Peter , Palacios Alfredo , Gwako George N , Abalos Edgardo , Larbi Koiwah Koi , Carroli Guillermo , Riley Richard , Snell Kym IE , Thorson Anna , Young Taryn , Betran Ana Pilar , Thangaratinam Shakila , Bohren Meghan A
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Daily calcium supplements are recommended for pregnant women from 20 weeks’ gestation to prevent pre-eclampsia in populations with low dietary calcium intake. We aimed to improve understanding of barriers and facilitators for calcium supplement intake during pregnancy to prevent pre-eclampsia.

Design

Mixed-method systematic review, with confidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach.

Data sources

MEDLINE and EMBASE (via Ovid), CINAHL and Global Health (via EBSCO) and grey literature databases were searched up to 17 September 2022.

Eligibility criteria

We included primary qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies reporting implementation or use of calcium supplements during pregnancy, excluding calcium fortification and non-primary studies. No restrictions were imposed on settings, language or publication date.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We analysed the qualitative data using thematic synthesis, and quantitative findings were thematically mapped to qualitative findings. We then mapped the results to behavioural change frameworks to identify barriers and facilitators.

Results

Eighteen reports from nine studies were included in this review. Women reported barriers to consuming calcium supplements included limited knowledge about calcium supplements and pre-eclampsia, fears and experiences of side effects, varying preferences for tablets, dosing, working schedules, being away from home and taking other supplements. Receiving information regarding pre-eclampsia and safety of calcium supplement use from reliable sources, alternative dosing options, supplement reminders, early antenatal care, free supplements and support from families and communities were reported as facilitators. Healthcare providers felt that consistent messaging about benefits and risks of calcium, training, and ensuring adequate staffing and calcium supply is available would be able to help them in promoting calcium.

Conclusion

Relevant stakeholders should consider the identified barriers and facilitators when formulating interventions and policies on calcium supplement use. These review findings can inform implementation to ensure effective and equitable provision and scale-up of calcium interventions.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021239143.
Faith-based organisations and their role in supporting vaccine confidence and uptake: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Song Melodie Yunju , Blake-Hepburn Denessia , Fadel Shaza , Allin Sara , Ataullahjan Anushka , Di Ruggiero Erica
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Faith-based organisations (FBOs) and religious actors increase vaccine confidence and uptake among ethnoracially minoritised communities in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent vaccine rollout, global organisations such as the WHO and UNICEF called for faith-based collaborations with public health agencies (PHAs). As PHA-FBO partnerships emerge to support vaccine uptake, the scoping review aims to: (1) outline intervention typologies and implementation frameworks guiding interventions; (2) describe the roles of PHAs and FBOs in the design, implementation and evaluation of strategies and (3) synthesise outcomes and evaluations of PHA-FBO vaccine uptake initiatives for ethnoracially minoritised communities.

Methods and analysis

We will perform six library database searches in PROQUEST-Public Health, OVID MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS- all, PROQUEST - Policy File index; three theses repositories, four website searches, five niche journals and 11 document repositories for public health. These databases will be searched for literature that describe partnerships for vaccine confidence and uptake for ethnoracially minoritised populations, involving at least one PHA and one FBO, published in English from January 2011 to October 2023. Two reviewers will pilot-test 20 articles to refine and finalise the inclusion/exclusion criteria and data extraction template. Four reviewers will independently screen and extract the included full-text articles. An implementation science process framework outlining the design, implementation and evaluation of the interventions will be used to capture the array of partnerships and effectiveness of PHA-FBO vaccine uptake initiatives.

Ethics and dissemination

This multiphase Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) project received ethics approval from the University of Toronto. Findings will be translated into a series of written materials for dissemination to CIHR, and collaborating knowledge users (ie, regional and provincial PHAs), and panel presentations at conferences to inform the development of a best-practices framework for increasing vaccine confidence and uptake.
From intentions to practices: what drove people to get the COVID-19 vaccine? Findings from the French longitudinal socioepidemiological cohort survey
Authors: Spire Alexis , Sireyjol Antoine , Bajos Nathalie
Published: December 2023

Objective

In many countries, before COVID-19 vaccines became available, reluctance to get vaccinated was particularly prevalent among women, the most disadvantaged social groups and ethnoracial minorities, known to be at higher risk for the virus. Using a longitudinal perspective, we analyse the social determinants that are associated with the transition from attitudes towards vaccination to actual vaccination practices.

Design

Representative population-based prospective cohort.

Settings

From November 2020 to July 2021.

Participants

Adults included in the Epidemiology and Living Conditions (EpiCoV) cohort (n=86 701).

Main outcome measures

Attitudes towards vaccination in November 2020 before COVID-19 vaccines were available in France (in January 2021) and vaccination practices in July 2021.

Results

Among those who were initially reluctant in November 2020, the youngest, the poorest 10% (OR=0.68, 0.59–0.77), non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.59–0.88) and descendants of non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.61–0.86) were less likely to be vaccinated in July 2021, irrespective of trust in government and scientists. The same social factors were associated with non-vaccination among those who initially were undecided or who favoured vaccination.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that COVID-19 vaccines were relatively available and free of charge in France in July 2021, social inequalities in vaccination against the virus remained the same than those observed in vaccination reluctance in November 2020, before vaccines were available. While adjusting for trust, migration background, younger age and lower income were associated with lower vaccination uptake irrespective of initial intention. By neglecting to genuinely target specific groups that were initially reluctant to be vaccinated, vaccination policies contributed to strengthening pre-existing social inequalities around COVID-19 burden.
Anaesthesia provision challenges in public hospitals of Pakistan’s Punjab province: a qualitative study of expert perspectives
Authors: Shahbaz Sumbal , Zakar Rubeena , Howard Natasha
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Anaesthesia delivery in Pakistan remains limited to conventional intraoperative procedures, with research showing ongoing challenges in quality and resourcing. We aimed to identify systemic challenges in the delivery of the WHO-World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists’ (WHO-WFSA) ‘highly recommended’ standards of quality anaesthesia services for surgical support in Pakistan’s Punjab province.

Study design and setting

This single-method qualitative study included 22 semistructured interviews with purposively selected anaesthesia system experts in Punjab province, including heads of teaching hospital anaesthesia departments, healthcare commission (HCC) representatives and health department officials. We analysed data thematically, using deductive and inductive coding.

Participants

10 participants worked as anaesthesia department heads of teaching hospitals across Punjab, 5 worked for the HCC and 7 worked for the health department. All were selected purposively and had at least 5 years of experience working as head of department or serving in legislative departments.

Results

We identified three themes experienced as major challenges within the specialty, namely anaesthetist recruitment and retention, quality of care and in-service training, and discrepancies between specialities. Findings indicated that workforce shortages and maldistribution, insufficient in-service training and standards, inadequate equipment maintenance and lack of anaesthesia representation in decision-making compromised anaesthesia provision quality and safety.

Conclusions

Improving anaesthesia provision in Punjab would require increasing physician and non-physician anaesthetist numbers and rotation to peripheral postings, strengthening training quality and ensuring availability of WFSA-specified essential equipment and supplies. To achieve essential anaesthesia provision standards, policy interventions are needed to, for example, balance anaesthesiologist and surgeon/obstetrician-gynaecologist numbers, require that anaesthesiology postgraduates work a few years in-country (eg, scholarship bonds), ensure in-service training attendance for skills updates and implement quality assurance standards for equipment and supplies.
Quality and safety issue: language barriers in healthcare, a qualitative study of non-Arab healthcare practitioners caring for Arabic patients in the UAE
Authors: Al-Yateem Nabeel , Hijazi Heba , Saifan Ahmad Rajeh , Ahmad Alaa , Masa'Deh Rami , Alrimawi Intima , Rahman Syed Azizur , Subu Muhammad Arsyad , Ahmed Fatma Refaat
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To identify language-related communication barriers that expatriate (non-Arabic) healthcare practitioners in the UAE encounter in their daily practice.

Design

Qualitative study utilising semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews were conducted in English language.

Setting

Different healthcare facilities across the UAE. These facilities were accessed for data collection over a period of 3 months from January 2023 to March 2023.

Participants

14 purposively selected healthcare practitioners.

Intervention

No specific intervention was implemented; this study primarily aimed at gaining insights through interviews.

Primary and secondary outcomes

To understand the implications of language barriers on service quality, patient safety, and healthcare providers’ well-being.

Results

Three main themes emerged from our analysis of participants’ narratives: Feeling left alone, Trying to come closer to their patients and Feeling guilty, scared and dissatisfied.

Conclusions

Based on the perspectives and experiences of participating healthcare professionals, language barriers have notably influenced the delivery of healthcare services, patient safety and the well-being of both patients and practitioners in the UAE. There is a pressing need, as highlighted by these professionals, for the inclusion of professional interpreters and the provision of training to healthcare providers to enhance effective collaboration with these interpreters.
Immediate postnatal care guidelines implementation and associated factors among healthcare providers in East Shewa zone public health facilities, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Bune Alemayehu Girma , Girmaye Eden , Lemma Dereje , Bekele Gemechu Gelan
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Immediate postnatal care is a critical intervention to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; however, many women and newborns receive inadequate postnatal care timely and effectively during the first 24 hours following childbirth. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the immediate postnatal care guidelines implementation and its associated factors among healthcare providers in the East Shewa zone public health facilities, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Design

Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 September 2022 to 28 October 2022.

Setting

The study was conducted in 6 hospitals and 19 health centres in the East Shewa zone.

Participants

All healthcare providers who work in the maternity ward of the East Shewa zone public health facilities were the source population while all healthcare providers who work in the maternity ward of the randomly selected East Shewa zone public health facilities were the study population. Healthcare providers who were assigned to the delivery and postnatal ward during data collection were included in the study. Healthcare providers, who are not on duty for annual, maternity, sick and study leave, were excluded from the study.

Measures

A structured self-administered questionnaire and observational checklist were used for data collection. The questionnaires were pretested and data were collected by the Kobo toolbox software. Data were analysed by using the SPSS V.25. Binary logistic regression (bivariate and multivariable) analyses were done to identify significantly associated variables, and finally, an adjusted OR (AOR) at a 95% CI was used to declare significant variables depending on a p<0.05.

Result

The study revealed that 196 healthcare providers with a response rate of 97.03% were included in this study. The overall proportion of healthcare providers who have a good implementation of immediate postnatal care guidelines was 44.4% (95% CI 37.3% to 51.6%). Providers who received basic emergency obstetrics and newborn care training (AOR 3.72, 95% CI 1.7 to 8.1), working in a tertiary-level hospital (AOR 3.85, 95% CI 1.3 to 11.2), and who had maternal and newborn care guidelines in their facility (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 6.6) were significantly associated factors with good implementation of immediate postnatal care guidelines.

Conclusions

Implementation of the immediate postnatal care guideline by healthcare providers in the maternity ward was found low as less than half of healthcare providers have good implementation. Receiving basic emergency obstetrics and newborn care training, having maternal and newborn care guidelines in their facility, and working in a tertiary-level hospital were significantly associated factors with good implementation of immediate postnatal care guidelines.
Cerebral folate deficiency: a treatable cause of late deterioration in epilepsy with developmental delay
Authors: Chowdhury Fahmida Amin , Sokolov Elisaveta , Anderson Jessica , Josifova Dragana J , Nashef Lina
Published: December 2023

A 25-year-old woman with childhood-onset refractory epilepsy and developmental delay experienced a gradually progressive marked deterioration in mobility and seizure control, with language regression. Investigation identified a homozygous deletion within the contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene (CNTNAP2), underlying her early presentation, but also cerebral folate deficiency that most likely contributed to her later deterioration. Following antiseizure medication adjustment and treatment with folinic acid, she stabilised with improved seizure control and limited improvement in language and motor function; she has remained neurologically stable for more than a decade. That the previously observed neurological decline was halted by folinic acid replacement supports this being due to cerebral folate deficiency. Metabolic conditions are less well recognised in adults and can be under-diagnosed. They are potentially treatable and should be considered even in the presence of another cause, particularly when the presentation is not fully compatible.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Cheema Sanjay , Mehta Dwij , Qureshi Ayman , Sayal Parag , Kamourieh Salwa , Davagnanam Indran , Matharu Manjit
Published: December 2023

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a highly disabling but treatable secondary cause of headache. Recent progress in neuroradiological techniques has catalysed understanding of its pathophysiological basis and clinical diagnosis, and facilitated the development of more effective investigation and treatment methods. A UK-based specialist interest group recently produced the first multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of SIH. Here, we summarise a practical approach to its clinical and radiological diagnosis, symptomatic and non-targeted interventional treatment, radiological identification of leak site and targeted treatment of the leak once it has been localised.
Olenek–Anabar Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, northern East Siberia
Authors: Ershova Victoria B. , Khudoley Andrei , Drachev Sergey S. , Prokopiev Andrei V. , Shimanskiy Sergey V.
Published: December 2023

The Olenek–Anabar Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (OLA CTSE) is located in the northern part of the Siberian Craton. Its structure and depositional history is controlled by two main tectonic events: (i) Mesoproterozoic rifting and (ii) Ediacaran–Cambrian (to Middle Devonian?) post-rift thermal subsidence. The sedimentary succession is mainly represented by Mesoproterozoic–Cambrian strata, including the black shales of the lower–middle Kuonamka Formation. The hydrocarbon potential of the OLA CTSE is defined by the presence of large superficial bitumen fields, anticlinal structures, large reefal build-ups and direct proximity to the potential source rock (Kuonamka Formation). A very scarce grid of seismic profiles and a lack of exploration wells limit the knowledge of the petroleum potential. The lack of seals and broad occurrences of faults, causing significant vertical permeability of sediment cover, and abundant occurrences of mafic and kimberlite magmatism are limiting factors with regard to the petroleum potential. Wells drilled during the Soviet era did not recover any commercial discoveries.
Status and Perspective on Green Pesticide Utilizations and Food Security
Authors: Song Runjiang , Zhang Yuping , Lu Ping , Wu Jian , Li Qing X. , Song Baoan
Published: December 2023

Pesticides protect crops against pests, and green pesticides are referred to as effective, safe, and eco-friendly pesticides that are sustainably synthesized and manufactured (i.e., green chemistry production). Owing to their high efficacy, safety, and ecological compatibility, green pesticides have become a main direction of global pesticide research and development (R&D). Green pesticides attract attention because of their close association with the quality and safety of agricultural produce. In this review, we briefly define green pesticides and outline their significance, current registration, commercialization, and applications in China, the European Union, and the United States. Subsequently, we engage in an in-depth analysis of the impact of newly launched green pesticides on the environment and ecosystems. Finally, we focus on the potential risks of dietary exposure to green pesticides and the possible hazards of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. The status of and perspective on green pesticides can hopefully inspire green pesticide R&D and applications to ensure agricultural production and safeguard human and ecological health.
Addressing Social Needs in Clinical Settings: Implementation and Impact on Health Care Utilization, Costs, and Integration of Care
Authors: Chuang Emmeline , Safaeinili Nadia
Published: December 2023

In recent years, health care policy makers have focused increasingly on addressing social drivers of health as a strategy for improving health and health equity. Impacts of social, economic, and environmental conditions on health are well established. However, less is known about the implementation and impact of approaches used by health care providers and payers to address social drivers of health in clinical settings. This article reviews current efforts by US health care organizations and public payers such as Medicaid and Medicare to address social drivers of health at the individual and community levels. We summarize the limited available evidence regarding intervention impacts on health care utilization, costs, and integration of care and identify key lessons learned from current implementation efforts.
Synergistic Control on Co/Cu Galvanic Corrosion and Its Application for Co Barrier Chemical Mechanical Planarization in Alkaline Slurry
Authors: Wan Chuanyun , Liu Jiaqi , Duan Xinyu , Sun Tao
Published: December 2023

Selective chelation and protective film formation were synergistically combined to achieve Co/Cu galvanic corrosion control. Chelating agent imionodisuccinic acid and protective film formation agent benzotriazole are strategically chosen for fulfilling the above proposed task in alkaline solution for Co barrier chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). Chronopotentiometry and linear dynamic potential polarization methods are used to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics of Co and Cu corrosion. A synergistic control of Co/Cu corrosion was accomplished by judiciously balancing the power of selective chelation and protective film formation. This systematic approach can be expanded to systematically design other metal CMP slurries to fulfil the desired polishing performance.
Differences in heart rate responses to upright posture are associated with variations in the high-frequency power of heart rate variability
Authors: Bouquin Heidi , Koskela Jenni K. , Tikkakoski Antti , Honkonen Milja , Hiltunen Timo P. , Mustonen Jukka T. , Pörsti Ilkka H.
Published: December 2023

Subjects with similar supine heart rates are characterized by variable increases in heart rate during upright posture. Individual heart rate increases in response to upright posture are highly reproducible as hemodynamic phenotypes and present underlying differences in the modulation of cardiac parasympathetic tone and systemic vascular resistance. These results indicate that resting heart rate obtained in the supine position alone is not an optimal means of classifying people into groups with differences in cardiovascular function.
Considering impact of age and sex on cardiac cytoskeletal components
Authors: Jones Timothy L. M. , Woulfe Kathleen C.
Published: December 2023

The cardiac cytoskeletal components are integral to cardiomyocyte function and are responsible for contraction, sustaining cell structure, and providing scaffolding to direct signaling. Cytoskeletal components have been implicated in cardiac pathology; however, less attention has been paid to age-related modifications of cardiac cytoskeletal components and how these contribute to dysfunction with increased age. Moreover, significant sex differences in cardiac aging have been identified, but we still lack a complete understanding to the mechanisms behind these differences. This review summarizes what is known about how key cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal components are modified because of age, as well as reported sex-specific differences. Thorough consideration of both age and sex as integral players in cytoskeletal function may reveal potential avenues for more personalized therapeutics.
Reducing thrombotic risks in video gamers: investigating the benefits of walking and compression sleeves on blood hemodynamics
Authors: DiFrancisco-Donoghue Joanne , Borges Kelly , Li Timothy , Ballone Olivia , Zwibel Hallie , Douris Peter C.
Published: December 2023

A 6-min light-intensity walking break during gaming can effectively combat the adverse effects of prolonged sitting, surpassing compression garments. Prolonged sitting reduces blood flow velocity, potentially leading to deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Compression sleeves help, with superior results after a 6-min walk at 60 min. Although compression stockings offer moderate improvements, a 6-min active break proves more effective. These findings offer promising interventions for gamers’ health, initiating guidelines to mitigate DVT risk during gaming.
Differences in vasomotor function of mesenteric arteries between Ossabaw minipigs with predisposition to metabolic syndrome and Göttingen minipigs
Authors: Eickelmann Chantal , Lieder Helmut Raphael , Sturek Michael , Heusch Gerd , Kleinbongard Petra
Published: December 2023

Animal models with a predisposition to metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis are attracting growing interest for translational research, as they may better mimic the variability of patients with cardiovascular disease. In Ossabaw minipigs, with a polygenic predisposition to metabolic syndrome, but without the diseased phenotype, vasoconstriction is more and vasodilation is less pronounced in mesenteric arteries than in Göttingen minipigs. Ossabaw minipigs may be a more suitable model of human cardiovascular disease.
Black Tea Aqueous Extracts Improve Human Sperm Functions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Setumo M. A. , Choma S. S. R. , Henkel R. , Opuwari C. S.
Published: December 2023

Infertility affects about 25% of couples worldwide, and oxidative stress (OS) is linked to its idiopathic etiology. Green, black, white, and oolong teas are produced from Camellia sinensis, depending on their oxidation level, and contain antioxidant properties that may enhance male reproductive functions. The study aimed to investigate the effects of black tea aqueous extract on human sperm functions in vitro. Semen samples were collected from donors, liquefied, analyzed, and divided into normal (n = 40) and abnormal (n = 19) groups using the World Health Organization 2010 criteria. Samples were washed and incubated with black tea aqueous extracts (0, 0.4, 4, 40, 405 μg/ml) for 1 hr and analyzed. Along with a considerable decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA-fragmented spermatozoa, and acrosome reaction, the percentage of sperm vitality and intact mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) increased (p<0.05). Furthermore, compared to the normal group, a substantial increase in the percentage of acrosome reaction, ROS production, and percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA, while a reduction in the percentage of intact MMP and sperm vitality, was noted in the abnormal group (p<0.05). Compared to the controls, there was no significant change in motility between the normal and abnormal groups (p>0.05). Black tea’s antioxidant activity, caffeine concentration, or both may have contributed to its improvement in human sperm function in vitro.
A Novel Risk Score Model for the Differential Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhao Yuetong , Liu Lin , Zuo Li , Zhou Xianghai , Wang Song , Gao Hongwei , Yu Feng , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Mi , Chen Ling , Zhang Rui , Zhang Fang , Bi Shuhong , Bai Qiong , Ding Jiaxiang , Yang Qinghua , Xin Sixu , Chai Sanbao , Chen Min , Zhang Junqing
Published: December 2023

Introduction. DN is a common complication of diabetes. However, diabetes combined with renal injury may involve DN or NDKD, with different treatment schemes. The purpose of our study was to determine the independent risk factors of DN and establish a risk score model to help differentiate DN and NDKD, providing a reference for clinical treatment. Methods. A total of 678 T2D patients who had undergone renal biopsy in four affiliated hospitals of Peking University were consecutively enrolled. Patients were assigned to the DN group and NDKD group according to histopathological results. Seventy percent of patients from PKUFH were randomly assigned to the training group, and the remaining 30% were assigned to the internal validation group. Patients from the other three centers were assigned to the external validation group. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors of DN in the training group and conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis with these independent risk factors in the training group to find regression coefficients “β” to establish a risk score model. Finally, we conducted internal and external validation of the model with ROC curves. Results. Diabetic retinopathy, diabetes duration≥5 years, eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2, 24 h UTP≥3 g, and no hematuria were independent risk factors (P<0.05), and each factor scored 2, 1, 1, 1, and 1. We assigned the patients to a low-risk group (0-1 points), a medium-risk group (2-3 points), and a high-risk group (4-6 points), representing unlikely DN, possibly DN, and a high probability of DN, respectively. The AUCs were 0.860, 0.924, and 0.855 for the training, internal validation, and external validation groups, respectively. Conclusion. The risk score model could help differentiate DN and NDKD in a noninvasive manner, reduce the number of renal biopsies, and provide a reference for clinical treatment.
Cardioprotective Effects of Solidago microglossa DC. in Nicotine‐Treated Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Lopes Katiana Simões , Marques Aline Aparecida Macedo , Moreno Karyne Garcia Tafarelo , dos Santos Ariany Carvalho , Souza Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho , Lourenço Emerson Luiz Botelho , Oliveira Rodrigo Juliano , Gomes Roberto da Silva , Lívero Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis , Gasparotto Junior Arquimedes
Published: December 2023

Solidago microglossa DC. (Asteraceae), “arnica brasileira,” is a Brazilian species popularly used to treat hypertension or renal ailments. This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of standardized S. microglossa extract (EESM) in nicotine‐treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Moreover, the molecular mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular effects were also investigated. The acute toxicity was evaluated in female Wistar rats. Afterwards, six‐month‐old male spontaneously hypertensive rats received the EESM (14, 28, and 56 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), and vehicle (filtered water; 0.1 mL/100 g) once daily for 28 days. All treatments were associated with 1.8 mg/kg of nicotine. At the end of the experimental period, the renal function, electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, ventricular function, biochemical parameter, and mesenteric vascular bed reactivity were evaluated. Relative organ weights and cardiac morphometry were also investigated. Nicotine treatment in 6‐month‐old SHRs induced a significant reduction in renal function, with reduced urinary volume and lower renal elimination of sodium and creatinine. In addition, serum markers of the redox state and blood pressure levels remained significantly elevated, contributing to changes in vascular reactivity and left ventricular hypertrophy associated with reduced ventricular function. After 28 days of treatment, we found that the highest dose of EESM could mitigate all renal and cardiovascular changes developed by the nicotine‐treated hypertensive rats. This study presented EESM as a possible cardioprotective drug that prevents cardiovascular dysfunctions in nicotine‐treated hypertensive rats. Our data suggest EESM as a potential adjuvant therapy when cardioprotective effects are required.
Phytochemical Study and In Vitro Biological Activities of Hibiscus panduriformis Burm. f. (Malvaceae), Alternanthera pungens Kunth (Amaranthaceae), and Wissadula rostrata (Schumach.) Hook. f. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Rainatou Boly , Esther Belem-Kabré Wendkouni Leila M. , Boukaré Kaboré , Souleymane Compaoré , Moumouni Koala , Noufou Ouédraogo
Published: December 2023

The present study investigated the phytochemical content of Hibiscus panduriformis, Alternanthera pungens, and Wissadula rostrata and assessed their radical scavenging and anti‐inflammatory properties. n‐Hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were prepared from the powdered plant parts. The phytochemical analysis was performed using qualitative high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography, and polyphenols were quantified using well‐established methods. The anti‐inflammatory effect was by lipoxygenase inhibition, while the antiradical impact was evaluated through DPPH and ABTS radicals. Steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins were identified in the three plants. The highest phenolic content (95.67 ± 2.19 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) was obtained in the methanolic extract of W. rostrata, while the lowest was measured in H. panduriformis. H. panduriformis was found to be highly rich in flavonoids (61.22 ± 0.09 mg rutin equivalent/g), condensed tannins (62.53 ± 0.03 mg catechin equivalent/g), and hydrolyzable tannins (125.1 ± 1.02 mg tannic acid equivalent/g). The methanolic extract of H. panduriformis displayed the greatest antilipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 8.78 ± 1.05 μg/mL. It should be noted that although a moderate to low effect was observed, the extracts were more likely to scavenge DPPH (IC50 values ranged from 0.106 ± 0.010 to 1 mg/mL) than ABTS radicals. There was a strong to moderate correlation between the antilipoxygenase and DPPH radical scavenging effects of the methanolic extracts and total phenolic content (antilipoxygenase, r = 0.7175; DPPH, r = 0.9376). Furthermore, it is worth noting that this is the first report investigating the phytochemical analysis and in vitro biological properties of Hibiscus panduriformis. The results highlighted the richness of this plant in polyphenols and demonstrated its high and moderate effects on lipoxygenase and DPPH radicals, respectively. To this intent, further in vivo and in vitro studies on this plant, along with exhaustive phytochemical analysis, are needed.
Figure S9 from Inhibition of BCL2 Family Members Increases the Efficacy of Copper Chelation in BRAFV600E-Driven Melanoma
Authors: Kim Ye-Jin , Tsang Tiffany , Anderson Grace R. , Posimo Jessica M. , Brady Donita C.
Published: December 2023

Supplemental Figure S9. Cotreatment with TTM and ABT-263 suppresses in vivo growth of parental and MAPK inhibitor resistant BRAFV600E-positive melanoma.
Supplementary Figures 1 through 6 from RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Park Youngrok , Andrabi Shaida A. , Shelton Laura M. , Gilkes Daniele M. , Semenza Gregg L.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure S1. Analysis of G6PD mRNA expression. Supplementary Figure S2. Analysis of MCF-7 Subclones. Supplementary Figure S3. Effect of PHGDH knockdown on cell growth. Supplementary Figure S4. Effect of carboplatin on cell viability. Supplementary Figure S5. Effect of doxorubicin treatment. Supplementary Figure S6. Clinical correlates.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cytoplasmic Irradiation Results in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DRP1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission
Authors: Zhang Bo , Davidson Mercy M. , Zhou Hongning , Wang Chunxin , Walker Winsome F. , Hei Tom K.
Published: December 2023

PDF file - 18K, Supplementary Figure S2. Dose response survival of SAE cells treated with graded doses of mdivi-1 for either 6 or 12 hours based on the MTT assay. Result indicated that a 50 microM dose of mdivi-1 has no obvious toxicity to SEA cells following a 6 hour treatment. # p <0.01, versus the control group. Bars indicate plus-minus SD. Results were pooled from three independent experiments.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cytoplasmic Irradiation Results in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and DRP1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission
Authors: Zhang Bo , Davidson Mercy M. , Zhou Hongning , Wang Chunxin , Walker Winsome F. , Hei Tom K.
Published: December 2023

PDF file - 24K, Supplementary Figure S1. Immunofluorescent images of mitochondria in SAE cells stained with Mitotracker Red (A) and when labeled with GFP linked to mitochondrial membrane (B). Merged image shows co-localization of stains (C). Magnification 400X
Supplemental Materials and Methods and Tables from Chromatin Remodeling Factor LSH Drives Cancer Progression by Suppressing the Activity of Fumarate Hydratase
Authors: He Xiaozhen , Yan Bin , Liu Shuang , Jia Jiantao , Lai Weiwei , Xin Xing , Tang Can-e , Luo Dixian , Tan Tan , Jiang Yiqun , Shi Ying , Liu Yating , Xiao Desheng , Chen Ling , Liu Shao , Mao Chao , Yin Gang , Cheng Yan , Fan Jia , Cao Ya , Muegge Kathrin , Tao Yongguang
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Material and methods & Supplement Tables Table S1 RT-PCR primers. Table S2 Primers for ChIP enrichment detection at selected regions as indicated genes.