bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for adolescent length growth spurts in bonobos and other primates highlights the importance of scaling laws
Authors: Berghaenel Andreas , Stevens Jeroen MG , Hohmann Gottfried , Deschner Tobias , Behringer Verena
Published: April 2023

Adolescent growth spurts (GSs) in body length seem to be absent in non-human primates and are considered a distinct human trait. However, this distinction between present and absent length-GSs may reflect a mathematical artefact that makes it arbitrary. We first outline how scaling issues and inappropriate comparisons between length (linear) and weight (volume) growth rates result in misleading interpretations like the absence of length-GSs in non-human primates despite pronounced weight-GSs, or temporal delays between length- and weight-GSs. We then apply a scale-corrected approach to a comprehensive dataset on 258 zoo-housed bonobos that includes weight and length growth as well as several physiological markers related to growth and adolescence. We found pronounced GSs in body weight and length in both sexes. Weight and length growth trajectories corresponded with each other and with patterns of testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 levels, resembling adolescent GSs in humans. We further re-interpreted published data of non-human primates, which showed that aligned GSs in weight and length exist not only in bonobos. Altogether, our results emphasize the importance of considering scaling laws when interpreting growth curves in general, and further show that pronounced, human-like adolescent length-GSs exist in bonobos and probably also many other non-human primates.
Adolescent length growth spurts in bonobos and other primates: Mind the scale
Authors: Berghänel Andreas , Stevens Jeroen M.G. , Hohmann Gottfried , Deschner Tobias , Behringer Verena
Published: April 2023

Adolescent growth spurts (GS) in body length seem to be absent in non-human primates and are considered a distinct human trait. However, this distinction between present and absent length-GSs may reflect a mathematical artefact that makes it arbitrary. We first outline how scaling issues and inappropriate comparisons between length (linear) and weight (volume) growth rates result in misleading interpretations like the absence of length-GSs in non-human primates despite pronounced weight-GSs, or temporal delays between length- and weight-GSs. We then apply a scale-corrected approach to a comprehensive dataset on 258 zoo-housed bonobos that includes weight and length growth as well as several physiological markers related to growth and adolescence. We found pronounced GSs in body weight and length in both sexes. Weight and length growth trajectories corresponded with each other and with patterns of testosterone and IGFBP-3 levels, resembling adolescent GSs in humans. We further re-interpreted published data of non-human primates, which showed that aligned GSs in weight and length exist not only in bonobos. Altogether, our results emphasize the importance of considering scaling laws when interpreting growth curves in general, and further show that pronounced, human-like adolescent length-GSs exist in bonobos and probably also many other non-human primates.
Evaluation of morpho-physiological responses and genotoxicity in Eruca sativa (Mill.) grown in hydroponics from seeds exposed to X-rays
Authors: Sorrentino Maria Cristina , Granata Angelo , Pugliese Mariagabriella , Manti Lorenzo , Giordano Simonetta , Capozzi Fiore , Spagnuolo Valeria
Published: April 2023

Due to its potential applications in cultivated plants, ionizing radiation (IR) and its effect on organisms is increasingly studied. Here we measured the effects of ionizing radiation on Eruca sativa by analyzing plants from irradiated seeds (1 and 10 Gy) grown in hydroponics. We measured several morpho-physiological traits and genotoxicity. Radiation stress induced a noticeable variability of the morpho-physiological traits highlighting decreased plant vigor. Shoot length and leaf number were significantly higher in 1 Gy-treated samples, whereas root length was significantly higher in 10 Gy treated plants. Stomata number significantly increased with IR dose, whereas both pigment and Rubisco content decreased under radiation stress. Phenol content significantly increased in 1 Gy treated samples, otherwise from total antioxidants, which were not different from control. Most results could find a feasible explanation in a hormesis-like pattern and in a decreased plant vigor under radiation stress. IR induced genotoxic damage, evaluated by ISSR markers, in 15 day old leaves; specifically, a severe decrease in the genome template stability was observed. However, a partial recovery occurred after 2 weeks, especially under the lowest dose (i.e., 1 Gy), suggesting that DNA damage detection and repair mechanisms are active. Pigment content and genotoxic damage may serve as proxies for evaluating plant responses to IR stress, since they show univocal dose-dependent trends. The use of more checkpoints for analyses and more doses over a wider range, as well as the focus on different metabolites, could help elucidate plant response in terms of morpho-physiological changes.
Discovery of grey matter lesion-related immune genes for diagnostic prediction in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zhao Peiyuan , Liu Xihong , Wang Yunqian , Zhang Xinyan , Wang Han , Du Xiaodan , Du Zhixin , Yang Liping , Hou Junlin
Published: April 2023

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system. Grey matter (GM) lesions have been shown to be closely related to MS motor deficits and cognitive impairment. In this study, GM lesion-related genes for diagnosis and immune status in MS were investigated.

Methods

Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were utilized to analyze RNA-seq data for GM lesions in MS. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to screen related gene modules and candidate genes. The abundance of immune cell infiltration was analyzed by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Candidate genes with strong correlation with immune cell types were determined to be hub genes. A diagnosis model of nomogram was constructed based on the hub genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify the biological functions of hub genes. Finally, an MS mouse model was induced to verify the expression levels of immune hub genes.

Results

Nine genes were identified by WGCNA, LASSO regression and PPI network. The infiltration of immune cells was significantly different between the MS and control groups. Four genes were identified as GM lesion-related hub genes. A reliable prediction model was established by nomogram and verified by calibration, decision curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. GSEA indicated that the hub genes were mainly enriched in cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, etc.

Conclusions

TLR9, CCL5, CXCL8 and PDGFRB were identified as potential biomarkers for GM injury in MS. The effectively predicted diagnosis model will provide guidance for therapeutic intervention of MS.
“La gestión a través de un modelo teórico para la pyme boyacense”
Authors: Millan Jose Javier Gonzalez , Rodríguez Carolina Castro , Valencia Ricardo Gustavo Molina
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo presentará un modelo teórico de gestión empresarial, basado inicialmente en el conocimiento de estudios relacionados y aplicados a las Pymes regionales del departamento de Boyacá, debido al tipo de investigación de índole básica, este estudio se soporta sobre la revisión documental (Quivy, & Campendhoudt, 2005). y la experiencia propia de los autores en su labor docente e investigativa del grupo MANAGEMENT, en lo concerniente al presente documento, este se orienta en tres fases, discriminadas de la siguiente manera, una primera apunta al acercamiento teórico de la conceptualización de los modelos y de los modelos de gestión, una segunda tocará lo atinente al planteamiento de un modelo teórico de gestión (no validado) para pymes Boyacenses, para concluir con una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones propias del documento; como antes se mencionó, en lo concerniente a la parte metodológica (Sampieri, et. al., 2010), el tipo y método de estudio referirá al explicativo (Camacho, 2003); basado en el uso de fuentes secundarias, para luego realizar un análisis de las variables importantes que permitan un óptimo desarrollo de un modelo de Gestión Empresarial.
Reflexões sobre o Estado Penal no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Inaê Soares
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho visa apreender os elementos que decorrem da passagem do Estado de  bem-estar social (welfare state) nos países desenvolvidos para, o que alguns autores contemporâneos, em especial Loïc Wacquant, passaram a denominar de Estado Penal. Este modelo de Estado passou a ser definido e exigir análises e estudos sistemáticos devido ao aumento sem precedentes do número de pessoas encarceradas no mundo, o que sinaliza para incrementos punitivos nas mediações que dizem respeito as relações sociais. Porém, algumas reflexões em torno destas análises não contemplam, ao todo, realidades como a brasileira, pois alguns de seus mecanismos são históricos no país. É por este motivo que este trabalho procura apontar algumas reflexões quanto ao debate sobre o Estado Penal na sociedade brasileira.
Early life traits of the common two-banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris (Perciformes: Sparidae), inhabiting the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island, Turkey
Authors: Altın Aytaç
Published: April 2023

Daily growth rates and pelagic larval duration were investigated in the common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris). Fish were sampled using a beach seine from the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island, Turkey, between June 2013 and June 2014. The minimum and maximum daily age estimates were 41 and 339 d, respectively. The mean daily growth rate of young-of-the-year D. vulgaris was 0.330 mm·d–1. Our results showed that D. vulgaris exhibits a Type Ia settlement-mark with a pelagic larval duration of 29 d. The hatching period occurred from November to April. The maximum hatching frequencies were observed in winter, when the water temperature was relatively low. The natural logarithm of young-of-the-year abundance data was plotted against age, and the instant mortality coefficients were estimated. The relationships between total length and otolith morphometric measurements (otolith length [OL], width [OW], and radius [OR]) were defined by linear equations. Furthermore, it was observed that this ratio exhibited a linear relationship with OL, OW, and OR and total length and daily age.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Escalating Intravenous Infusions of Lignocaine and Ketamine in Reducing Pain and Disability for Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ashwini GS , Deepak RS , Nagaraj Mruthyunjaya , Bhavyashree K
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, disability, sleep, memory and mood issues. The pain of fibromyalgia is difficult to manage and has no complete remission. While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, a variety of medications have been tried to minimise symptoms and improve general health. Hence, a trial was conducted to evaluate lignocaine and ketamine as pharmacological modalities to treat fibromyalgia. Aim: To evaluate effectiveness of intravenous (i.v.) lignocaineketamine infusions in reducing pain and disability in fibromyalgia syndrome. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India, between March 2021 and March 2022, on patients aged between 18-60 years diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome. Sixty patients were included in the study. Escalating doses of i.v. lignocaine of 5 mg/kg, 6 mg/ kg and 7 mg/kg followed by escalating doses of i.v. ketamine of 0.4 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg were administered on alternate days over a period of 12 days. Infusions were given in 50 mL normal saline through syringe pump over a period of 45 minutes. Pre and postinfusion 11 point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score was used to assess pain and World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 score to assess disability. Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was done by using the t-test for pre and post-treatment score, with a p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The present study showed female predominance of 42 out of 60 patients (70%) compared to males 18 out of 60 (30%). Pretreatment average baseline NRS score was 8.8. The mean reduction in NRS scores after lignocaine-ketamine infusions at the end of one month was 1.40 and at sixth month 1.25 which was statistically significant (p-value=0.001). Pretreatment mean average disability score was 2.70 and at the end of sixth month it was 0.59 which was statistically significant (p-value=0.001). Three patients did not have reduction in NRS scores and reported mild to moderate side-effects in the form of dizziness, headache and raised blood pressure. Conclusion: Combined infusions of lignocaine-ketamine resulted in significant reduction in pain and disability in patients with fibromyalgia. Higher and repeated doses seem to be more effective and resulted in longer pain relief. Long-term follow-up periods are needed to determine the effectiveness, dose response and safety of these infusions as a therapeutic modality for fibromyalgia.
Menstrual Characteristics among Female Students in University of Port Harcourt and It’s Risk Factors
Authors: Bob-Manuel Ibinabo Fubara , Eke Comfort
Published: April 2023

Background: For women of reproductive age, menstruation is a common and natural occurrence. This is characterised by bleeding from the endometrium brought on by the removal of the functional layer of the endometrium of the uterus. Women from all over the world are affected by menstrual-related disorders, which are increasingly one of the main triggers for gynaecological appointments.

Aim: The purpose of the current study is to identify the menstrual characteristics, menstrual difficulties, and risk factors among female students at the University of Port Harcourt.

Materials and Methods: A questionnaire were distributed to one hundred and forty (140) female undergraduate students each at the University of Port Harcourt for this study, which was done as a cross-sectional research study in 2022.

Results: Due to a variety of factors that contribute to the irregularity of menstruation patterns, the investigation revealed that menstrual problems are common among female students. Dysmenorrhea is reported to be the most frequent (47.1%) and common menstrual characteristics or symptom among female students. Other common menstrual symptom found in this study were acne, body pains, tender/swollen breasts, fatigue, fever, bloating, nausea, diarrhoea and frequent urination which is similar to other studies.

Conclusion: The result of this study would help enlighten females and physicians on the menstrual characteristics, some common disorders among female students, and the risk factors associated to the menstrual characteristics.
Ameliorating Potentials of Lemon Zest on Pons Neurons in Canabis sativa-Induced Wistar Rat
Authors: Yorkum Leyira Kenneth , Bob-Manuel Ibinabo Fubara
Published: April 2023

Cannabis sativa, commonly known as marijuana has been indicated for many organs malfunction. It is a common plant ingested or taken by people or individuals for body enhancement. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of lemon zest on the pons of cannabis sativa induced Wistar rats. The plant was collected from National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), Rivers State, Nigeria and 40 healthy Wistar rats were used for the experiment. The rats were divided into five (5) groups. Group 1 served as control, groups 2,3,4 and 5 served as 250 mg/kg lemon zest only, 750mg/kg cannabis sativa only, 500 mg/kg cannabis sativa + 250 mg/kg lemon zest and 900mg/kg cannabis sativa +250 mg/kg lemon zest respectively. The plant extract was administered for 21 days, and thereafter, the organs were harvested for routine histological tissue processing. Findings from the study revealed that when 500mgkg-1 of Cannabis sativa was used to induce the pons, observation showed neuronal hypertrophy and degeneration with mobilization of several supporting cells. The connective tissue indicated an edematous appearance. It was also observed that when a low dosage (500 mgkg-1) of the cannabis sativa was administered alongside 250 mgkg-1 extract of lemon zest, well delineated neuronal cells with well-defined nuclei and nucleolus were observed in the tissue. When the dosage of the Cannabis sativa was increased to 900 mgkg-1 alongside 250mgkg-1 extract of lemon zest, pockets of edematous connective tissues and blood vessel congestion were still noticeable in the tissue. There was a general recovery (proliferation) of lost cells in groups 4 and 5 respectively, as a consequence of the administration of lemon zest with extract (Cannabis sativa) on Wistar rat. The improved tissue and cellular appearance are indications of the potency of lemon zest in the amelioration of adverse tissue effects introduced by the extract of Cannabis sativa.
Nutrient Uptake and Quality Parameters of Finger Millet as Influenced by Tillage and Organic Nutrient Management in Finger Millet – French Bean Cropping System
Authors: Sulochna  , Alam Md. Parwaiz
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experimental soil textural class was sandy loam with pH 5.56, EC 0.03 dS/m and OC (5.91 g/kg). The soil was low in available nitrogen (218.63 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (15.75 kg/ha) and medium in available potassium (178.32 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replication. The experiment consisted of four main plot treatments viz., conventional tillage–conventional tillage (CT–CT), conventional tillage–zero tillage (CT–ZT), zero tillage–conventional tillage (ZT–CT) and zero tillage–zero tillage (ZT-ZT) and subplot has four treatments with different sources of organic nutrient management viz., 100% N through FYM, 100% N through vermicompost, 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost and 75% N through FYM + 25% N through vermicompost. The results revealed the significantly highest value of total N uptake (36.02 kg/ha), total P uptake (11.03 kg/ha), total K uptake (51.66 kg/ha), protein content (7.93 %), Ca content (321.34 mg/100 g) and Fe content (4.29 mg/100 g) were observed in conventional tillage-conventional tillage. Among organic sources, 100% N through vermicompost gave maximum value of total N uptake (37.05 kg/ha), total P uptake (11.24 kg/ha), total K uptake (52.25 kg/ha) and protein content (8.07 %).  Ca content (339.15 mg/100 g) and Fe content (4.50 mg/100 g) were observed maximum in 100% N through FYM.
Application on a Factor Derived from Hilbert and Carleson Measure on Hardy Spaces
Authors: Abuzeid Amani Elseid
Published: April 2023

For \(\mu_j\) to a positive Borel measure on the interval \([0,1)\). The Hankel matrix \(\mathcal{H}_{\mu_j}=\left(\left(\mu_j\right)_{n, k}\right)_{j, n, k \geq 0}\) with entries \(\left(\mu_j\right)_{n, k}=\left(\mu_j\right)_{n+k}\), where \(\left(\mu_j\right)_n=\int_{[0,1)} t^n d \mu_j(t)\), the operator is formally induced\[\sum_i \mathcal{D} \mathcal{H}_{\mu_j}\left(f_j\right)(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \sum_i\left(\left(\mu_j\right)_{n, k} a_k\right)(n+1) z^n\]in the space of each analytical function \(f_j(z)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_k z_n\) in the unit disc \(\mathbb{D}\). We classify positive Borel measures on [0,1) as such \(\mathcal{D} \mathcal{H}_{\mu_j}\left(f_j\right)(z)=\int_{[0,1)} \frac{f_j(t)}{(1-t z)^2} d \mu_j(t)\) for all in Hardy spaces \(H^{1+\epsilon}(0 \leq \epsilon<\infty)\), and we describe those for which \(\mathcal{D} \mathcal{H}_{\mu_j}\) is a bounded* operator from \(H^{1+\epsilon}(0 \leq \epsilon<\infty)\) into \(H^{1+2 \epsilon}(\epsilon \geq 0)\).
Financial Distress in the China Hospitality Industry during the Covid-19 Disaster
Authors: Gu Shengyu
Published: April 2023

This qualitative study explores financial distress in the China hospitality industry during the Covid-19 disaster. Through semi-structured interviews with industry experts and content analysis of news articles, we examine the impact of the pandemic on the financial stability of hospitality businesses in China. Our findings suggest that the crisis has caused significant financial distress for many businesses, with revenue losses and cash flow problems leading to widespread closures and layoffs. We identify several factors that have contributed to financial distress, including travel restrictions, reduced consumer demand, and supply chain disruptions. Our study highlights the urgent need for policy interventions and industry-level support to address financial distress and promote the recovery of the China hospitality industry.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 sustains a hybrid cytoplasmic–mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes in prostate cancer
Authors: Gonthier Kevin , Weidmann Cindy , Berthiaume Line , Jobin Cynthia , Lacouture Aurélie , Lafront Camille , Harvey Mario , Neveu Bertrand , Loehr Jérémy , Bergeron Alain , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis , Riopel Julie , Latulippe Éva , Atallah Chantal , Shum Michael , Lambert Jean‐Philippe , Pouliot Frédéric , Pelletier Martin , Audet‐Walsh Étienne
Published: April 2023

The androgen receptor (AR) is an established orchestrator of cell metabolism in prostate cancer (PCa), notably by inducing an oxidative mitochondrial program. Intriguingly, AR regulates cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), but not its mitochondrial counterparts IDH2 and IDH3. Here, we aimed to understand the functional role of IDH1 in PCa. Mouse models, in vitro human PCa cell lines, and human patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) were used to study the expression and activity of IDH enzymes in the normal prostate and PCa. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IDH1 was then combined with extracellular flux analyses and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for metabolomic analyses and cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In PCa cells, more than 90% of the total IDH activity is mediated through IDH1 rather than its mitochondrial counterparts. This profile seems to originate from the specialized prostate metabolic program, as observed using mouse prostate and PDOs. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of IDH1 impaired mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that this cytoplasmic enzyme contributes to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in PCa. Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics confirmed this hypothesis, showing that inhibition of IDH1 impairs carbon flux into the TCA cycle. Consequently, inhibition of IDH1 decreased PCa cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that PCa cells have a hybrid cytoplasmic–mitochondrial TCA cycle that depends on IDH1. This metabolic enzyme represents a metabolic vulnerability of PCa cells and a potential new therapeutic target.
Measuring sexual violence perpetration acknowledgment: Testing the effects of label and response format
Authors: Anderson RaeAnn E. , Doctor Hannah N. , Piggott Danielle M.
Published: April 2023

Individual acknowledgment of sexual assault and rape perpetration is extraordinarily low in prior research. Only about 1% of individuals report perpetrating rape, in contrast to the 6% perpetrating rape as estimated by using behaviorally specific items that exclude stigmatized words such as rape. The goal of this study was to examine two possible measurement mechanisms for increasing perpetration acknowledgment: label choice and response format. In Sample 1 (N = 291), participants completed two acknowledgment items which varied in label choice. One item used the term rape; one used the term sexual assault. Acknowledgment of perpetration using the label sexual assault was significantly higher than when using the term rape (6.38%−1.71%, p = .01, Cohen's d = 0.44). In Sample 2 (N = 438), participants were presented with a scaled and a dichotomous sexual assault item at different parts of the overall survey. Sexual assault acknowledgment was higher on the scaled item compared to the dichotomous item (15.75% vs. 3.2%, p < .0001, Cohen's d = 0.64). Rates of sexual perpetration as measured behaviorally were higher for ambiguous acknowledgment types (“might or might not,” “probably not”) than for those reporting “definitely not,” (76.81% vs. 29.0%, p < .0001, Cohen's d = 0.59). The two different measurement strategies tested here, using a less stigmatized label such as sexual assault and using a scaled response format, both increased rates of perpetration acknowledgment 3–15x greater than rates documented in prior research.
Evaluation of plan complexity and dosimetric plan quality of total marrow and lymphoid irradiation using volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Lambri Nicola , Dei Damiano , Hernandez Victor , Castiglioni Isabella , Clerici Elena , De Philippis Chiara , Loiacono Daniele , Navarria Pierina , Reggiori Giacomo , Rusconi Roberto , Tomatis Stefano , Bramanti Stefania , Scorsetti Marta , Mancosu Pietro
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To assess the impact of the planner's experience and optimization algorithm on the plan quality and complexity of total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) delivered by means of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) over 2010–2022 at our institute.

Methods

Eighty‐two consecutive TMLI plans were considered. Three complexity indices were computed to characterize the plans in terms of leaf gap size, irregularity of beam apertures, and modulation complexity. Dosimetric points of the target volume (D2%) and organs at risk (OAR) (Dmean) were automatically extracted to combine them with plan complexity and obtain a global quality score (GQS). The analysis was stratified based on the different optimization algorithms used over the years, including a knowledge‐based (KB) model. Patient‐specific quality assurance (QA) using Portal Dosimetry was performed retrospectively, and the gamma agreement index (GAI) was investigated in conjunction with plan complexity.

Results

Plan complexity significantly reduced over the years (r = −0.50, p < 0.01). Significant differences in plan complexity and plan dosimetric quality among the different algorithms were observed. Moreover, the KB model allowed to achieve significantly better dosimetric results to the OARs. The plan quality remained similar or even improved during the years and when moving to a newer algorithm, with GQS increasing from 0.019 ± 0.002 to 0.025 ± 0.003 (p < 0.01). The significant correlation between GQS and time (r = 0.33, p = 0.01) indicated that the planner's experience was relevant to improve the plan quality of TMLI plans. Significant correlations between the GAI and the complexity metrics (r = −0.71, p < 0.01) were also found.

Conclusion

Both the planner's experience and algorithm version are crucial to achieve an optimal plan quality in TMLI plans. Thus, the impact of the optimization algorithm should be carefully evaluated when a new algorithm is introduced and in system upgrades. Knowledge‐based strategies can be useful to increase standardization and improve plan quality of TMLI treatments.
Single‐Cell Sequencing Reveals the Optimal Time Window for Anti‐Inflammatory Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ye Jingjia , Wen Zhengfa , Wu Tianxin , Chen Liangliang , Sheng Lingchao , Wang Chenhuan , Teng Chong , Wu Bingbing , Xu Jian , Wei Wei
Published: April 2023

Though the occurrence of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) is essential for antigen clearance and tissue repair, excessive inflammation results in cell death and axon dieback. The effect of anti‐inflammatory medicine used in clinical treatment remains debatable owing to the inappropriate therapeutic schedule that does not align with the biological process of immune reaction. A better understanding of the immunity process is critical to promote effective anti‐inflammatory therapeutics. However, cellular heterogeneity, which results in complex cellular functions, is a major challenge. This study performs single‐cell RNA sequencing by profiling the tissue proximity to the injury site at different time points after SCI. Depending on the analysis of single‐cell data and histochemistry observation, an appropriate time window for anti‐inflammatory medicine treatment is proposed. This work also verifies the mechanism of typical anti‐inflammatory medicine methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS), which is found attributable to the activation inhibition of cells with pro‐inflammatory phenotype through the downregulation of pathways such as TNF, IL2, and MIF. These pathways can also be provided as targets for anti‐inflammatory treatment. Collectively, this work provides a therapeutic schedule of 1–3 dpi (days post injury) to argue against classical early pulse therapy and provides some pathways for target therapy in the future.
Sustainable Microplastic Remediation with Record Capacity Unleashed via Surface Engineering of Natural Fungal Mycelium Framework
Authors: Fu Xiao , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yan , Li Baoxi , Jin Keda , Feng Xingwei , Hong Juan , Huang Xiang , Cao Hongliang , Yuan Qiaoxia , Ai Ping , Yu Hongbo , Li Qiang
Published: April 2023

Plastic‐induced pollution has recently triggered global environmental, biodiversity, and public health concerns. Plastic micro/nanoparticles suspended in water that are non‐recyclable and non‐degradable are found in plants, animals, and even human blood, and their remediation represents an emergent societal need. In this study, a highly efficient strategy is reported to remove microplastics by using a sustainable framework derived from fungal mycelium (FM), which has reached a record capacity at 2.49 g g−1, as it is known. This excellent removal capacity results from both the inherent properties and surface cationization of the FM. First, FM has a loose entanglement and porous structure with extracellular polymeric substances on the surface, which endows FM with the capacity to adsorb microplastics. Second, FM is engineered with 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTAC) to enable its positively charged surface, which significantly enhances the adsorption of microplastics. Kinetic analysis and density functional theory reveal that the excellent microplastic removal is attributed to the enhanced electrostatic interaction between microplastics and EPTAC‐g‐FM. Along with the inherent merits of FM, which are natural, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and easy to scale up, FM represents a green, facile, and cost‐effective next‐generation technology for remediating microplastics in clean water.
Boron‐Doped Electrolytes as Interfacial Modifiers for High‐Rate Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhu Dawei , Xu Jinting , Ding Kun , Xu Qunjie , Shi PengHui , Min YuLin
Published: April 2023

In this article BF3 etching is applied to fabricate basic SEI (B‐SEI) layers enriched with LiF and LixBFy. Artificial solid electrolyte interface (A‐SEI) with a “stromatolite” structure is formed on top of the B‐SEI growth during the charge‐discharge cycles. The structure of A‐SEI is characterized laterally and longitudinally by distribution of TEM elements and depth‐profile XPS, providing evidence for the elucidation of a new lattice‐tuning Li+ “layered” deposition‐type SEI structure. At the same time, the SEI is kept from electrolyte erosion fracturing during deposition, resulting in the growth of dendrites along the fracture and significantly enhanced cycling stability under high‐rate cycling conditions. In particular, A‐SEI endows significantly enhanced cycling capability to the full battery at high cycling rate and high current density. The full cell of A‐SEI@Li||LiPF6||LFP exhibits an extended lifetime after 2000 cycles at current densities up to 10 C, and still process a CE above 99.0%.
A NIR‐II Fluorescent PolyBodipy Delivering Cationic Pt‐NHC with Type II Immunogenic Cell Death for Combined Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Bin , Tang Dongsheng , Karges Johannes , Cui Minhui , Xiao Haihua
Published: April 2023

Tumor immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising clinical techniques to treat cancer tumors. Despite its clinical application, the cancerous immunosuppressive microenvironment limits the therapeutic efficiency of the treatment. To generate a stronger immunogenic therapeutic effect, herein, a platinum complex for chemotherapy and a BODIPY photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy are encapsulated into multimodal type II immunogenic cell death (ICD) induce nanoparticles. As the platinum complex and the photosensitizer are able to induce type II ICD, an exceptionally strong immune response is observed in triple‐negative breast cancer cells. While remaining stable and therefore poorly cytotoxic in the dark, the nanomaterial is found to quickly dissociate upon exposure to near‐infrared light, causing a multimodal mechanism of action in cancer cells as well as multicellular tumor spheroids through combined chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. The nanoparticles are found to nearly fully eradicate a triple‐negative breast cancer tumor and therefore to strongly enhance the survival of tumor‐bearing mice models using low drug and light doses.
Optically Transparent and Mechanically Robust Ionic Hydrogel Electrodes for Bright Electroluminescent Devices Achieving High Stretchability Over 1400%
Authors: Go Yeonjeong , Park Ho‐Yeol , Zhu Yijie , Yoo Kiyoung , Kwak Jeonghun , Jin Sung‐Ho , Yoon Jinhwan
Published: April 2023

To realize wearable displays and interactive soft robots, significant research efforts are focused on developing highly deformable alternating‐current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices. Although soft emission layers are well developed, designing stretchable, conductive, and transparent soft electrodes remains challenging. In this study, ionic hydrogels are prepared comprising a double network (DN) of poly(N‐hydroxyethylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide)/crosslinked chitosan swollen in aqueous lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide. Owing to the finely tuned DN structure of the polymeric crosslinker and transparent electrolyte, the developed ionic hydrogels exhibit remarkable stretchability (1400%), excellent optical transmittance (>99%), and high conductivity (1.95 × 10−2 Sm−1). Based on the high performance of the ionic hydrogels, ACEL devices are fabricated with an emission layer containing phosphor microparticles and demonstrate stable, high luminance under extreme deformation, and ultra‐high elongation. The excellent transparency of the ionic hydrogel further enables the fabrication of novel soft ACEL devices with tandem structures by stacking several emission and electrode layers, in which each emission layer is independently controlled with a switch circuit.
Enhanced Cycling Stability of 4.6 V LiCoO2 Cathodes by Inhibiting Catalytic Activity of its Interface Via MXene Modification
Authors: Sun Chao , Zhao Bing , Mao Jing , Dai Ke‐Hua , Wang Zhen‐yu , Tang Lin‐bo , Chen He‐zhang , Zhang Xia‐hui , Zheng Jun‐chao
Published: April 2023

LiCoO2 plays a key role in energy storage devices due to its high energy density. And the volumetric energy density of LiCoO2 cathode can be significantly improved by increasing the charging cut‐off voltage to 4.6 V. However, the increase in resistance at the LiCoO2 interface, and the damage to the LiCoO2 from the outside to the inside by the HF generated that caused by the decomposition of the organic electrolyte and LiPF6 under 4.6 V conditions are not conducive to structural stability during cycling. Here, it is shown that the decomposition of electrolyte and LiPF6 is effectively mitigated by inhibiting the interfacial catalytic activity of LiCoO2 using an atomically thin layer of MXenes as a interlayer. Density functional theory results suggest that the decomposition energy of LiPF6 is 1.13 and 3.21 eV at the interface of LiCoO2 and MXenes, respectively. Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry results further indicate that the decomposition products of the organic electrolyte and LiPF6 have a thinner thickness at the interface of MXenes (5 nm) than LiCoO2 (10 nm). This study provides a new and universal strategy for stabilizing the cathode interface to support the development of high energy density lithium‐ion batteries.
Carbon Black‐Supported Single‐Atom CoNC as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for H2O2 Production in Acidic Media and Microbial Fuel Cell in Neutral Media
Authors: Du Ying‐Xia , Yang Qiao , Lu Wang‐Ting , Guan Qing‐Yu , Cao Fei‐Fei , Zhang Geng
Published: April 2023

Single metal atom isolated in nitrogen‐doped carbon materials (MNC) are effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which produces H2O2 or H2O via 2‐electron or 4‐electron process. However, most of MNC catalysts can only present high selectivity for one product, and the selectivity is usually regulated by complicated structure design. Herein, a carbon black‐supported CoNC catalyst (CB@CoNC) is synthesized. Tunable 2‐electron/4‐electron behavior is realized on CB@Co‐N‐C by utilizing its H2O2 yield dependence on electrolyte pH and catalyst loading. In acidic media with low catalyst loading, CB@CoNC presents excellent mass activity and high selectivity for H2O2 production. In flow cell with gas diffusion electrode, a H2O2 production rate of 5.04 mol h−1 g−1 is achieved by CB@CoNC on electrolyte circulation mode, and a long‐term H2O2 production of 200 h is demonstrated on electrolyte non‐circulation mode. Meanwhile, CB@CoNC exhibits a dominant 4‐electron ORR pathway with high activity and durability in pH neutral media with high catalyst loading. The microbial fuel cell using CB@CoNC as the cathode catalyst shows a peak power density close to that of benchmark Pt/C catalyst.
Self‐Adapting and Self‐Healing Hydrogel Interface with Fast Zn2+ Transport Kinetics for Highly Reversible Zn Anodes
Authors: Hong Lin , Wu Xiuming , Liu Yu‐Si , Yu Chunyang , Liu Yingchun , Sun Kaixi , Shen Chenyang , Huang Wei , Zhou Yongfeng , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Wang Kai‐Xue
Published: April 2023

Construction of polymer‐based artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase films on Zn metal anode holds great potential in the suppression of both dendrite growth and side reaction in rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. However, the traditional polymer films suffer from the critical issues of sluggish Zn2+ transport kinetics and rigid interface. Herein, zinc alginate (ZA) hydrogel is designed and prepared as a dynamic interface and Zn2+ redistributor on Zn anode via in situ cross‐linking reaction. The zincophilic and negatively charged carboxyl groups of ZA promote the transport of Zn2+ ions along a “Z‐type” pathway, the repulsion of free SO42‐ anions, and the desolvation of Zn2+ ions, consequently leading to the homogeneous deposition of Zn and the effective suppression of side reaction. Additionally, the dynamic flexibility of ZA hydrogel endows the Zn anode with self‐adapting interface to accommodate the volume variation and repair the possible ruptures, thereby guaranteeing the long‐term cycling stability. Assisted by the ZA layer, the Zn anode achieves a prolonged lifespan over 2200 h without the formation of Zn dendrites and by‐products. Outstanding cycling stability is also demonstrated for the Zn anode when coupled with MnO2 cathode, further demonstrating its prospects for practical application.
Construction of Tri‐Functional HOFs Material for Efficient Selective Adsorption and Photodegradation of Bisphenol A and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yang Liujun , Yuan Junwei , Wang Guan , Cao Qiang , Zhang Cheng , Li Miaomiao , Shao Junxia , Xu Yan , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei
Published: April 2023

This study proposes the construction of porous nanomaterial (HOFs@Fe3+) which anchors non‐noble metal ions Fe3+ onto nanoscale rod‐like hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) by electrostatic and coordination interactions. The high specific surface area and the abundance of hydrogen‐bond adsorption active sites in pore structure of HOFs@Fe3+ facilitate strong interactions with the double OH in bisphenol A (BPA), resulting in the highest saturation adsorption of BPA that has been reported so far (452 mg g‐1). In addition, the ordered conjugate stacking framework structure and hydrogen bond of HOFs@Fe3+ and the variable valence properties of Fe3+ create new pathways for efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. The results show that HOFs@Fe3+ can completely adsorb and photodegrade 50 ppm BPA within 20 min, owing to the abundant hydrogen bond that acts both as adsorption sites to accelerate the mass transfer process and as catalytic sites to ensure adsorption and photodegradation can be matched synergistically. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2 production by HOFs@Fe3+ reaches 21.55 mmol g‐1 h‐1 with non‐noble metal Fe3+ as co‐catalyst. This tri‐functional material with high adsorption capacity, high photodegradation efficiency, and high photocatalytic H2 production activity can be successfully used to solve the long‐standing conflict between environment and energy.
Transient and in situ Growth of Nanostructured SiC on Carbon Fibers toward Highly Durable Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ouyang Qin , Yu Lanlan , Hu Rong , Wan Jun , Song Bo , Huang Qing , Yao Yonggang
Published: April 2023

Carbon is ubiquitously used as catalyst supports in various clean energy technologies, particularly emerging electrocatalysis, yet it often suffers slow oxidation and corrosion along with performance degradation. The harmonious combination of refractory silicon carbide (SiC, chemically inert) with carbon is alluring but often a great challenge, particularly to achieve desirable nanostructures and strong interfaces. Herein, a shockwave‐type transient heating is designed (> 1750 °C for 1 s per pulse) for controllable growth of conformal SiC coating and massive SiC nanowires on carbon fibers (denoted as CF/SiC‐NW), which serves as a high surface area and durable support for catalysis under harsh environments. The transient heating in SiO vapor triggers in situ transformation of the carbon surface into a seamless SiC protective layer, while the following fast cooling is essential for the growth of numerous self‐assembled SiC nanowires. The CF/SiC‐NW exhibits excellent structural stability in the air at high temperatures, in concentrated acidic/alkaline solutions after electrochemical stressing for 2000 cycles, and in oxygen evolution reaction after 10 h of continuous operation. This strategy enables delicate structure control in refractory carbides and is also general for various carbon/carbide functional materials (e.g., C/TiC, C/WC) for electro‐ or electrified catalysis under harsh conditions.
High Performance BiSbTe Alloy for Superior Thermoelectric Cooling
Authors: Sun Yuxin , Wu Hao , Dong Xingyan , Xie Liangjun , Liu Zihang , Liu Ruiheng , Zhang Qian , Cai Wei , Guo Fengkai , Sui Jiehe
Published: April 2023

At present, the weak thermoelectric and mechanical performance of zone‐melting bismuth telluride alloys cannot support the further improvement of cooling and processing performance of semiconductor refrigeration devices. Here, MnO2 is added into high‐strength Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 prepared by ball milling method to optimize its thermoelectric transport properties. Via in situ reaction, Sb2O3 nano‐precipitates are formed in the matrix, which also leads to the surplus of Te element. As results, the donor‐like effect is suppressed, thereby increasing carrier concentration and power factor. Besides, volatilization of Te‐rich phases during sintering leaves plentiful nanopores, which together with Sb2O3 nano‐precipitates significantly decrease the lattice thermal conductivity. Eventually, the maximum ZT reaches 1.43 at 75 °C for the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3+0.01MnO2 sample. On this basis, a 31‐pairs module made of the material and commercial n‐type BiTeSe produces large temperature differences (ΔT) of 70.1, 80.8, and 89.4 K at the hot‐side temperature (Th) of 300, 325, and 350 K respectively, which are highly competitive. The maximum coefficient of performance of 8.6 and cooling capacity of 7 W are achieved when Th is set as 325 K. This excellent progress will promote the further development of bismuth telluride refrigeration modules.
Retina‐Inspired Artificial Synapses with Ultraviolet to Near‐Infrared Broadband Responses for Energy‐Efficient Neuromorphic Visual Systems
Authors: Zhang Junyao , Guo Pu , Guo Ziyi , Li Li , Sun Tongrui , Liu Dapeng , Tian Li , Zu Guoqing , Xiong Lize , Zhang Jianhua , Huang Jia
Published: April 2023

Neuromorphic visual system with image perception, memory, and preprocessing functions is expected to simulate basic features of the human retina. Organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors emulating biological synapses may be promising candidates for constructing neural morphological visual system. However, the sensing wavelength range of organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors usually limits their potential in artificial multispectral visual perception. Here, retina‐inspired optoelectronic synaptic transistors that present broadband responses covering ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared regions are demonstrated, which leverage the wide‐range photoresponsive charge trapping layer and the heterostructure formed between PbS quantum dots and organic semiconductor. Simplified neuromorphic visual arrays are developed to simulate comprehensive image perception, memory, and preprocessing functions. Benefitting from the flexibility of the charge trapping and organic semiconductor layers, a flexible neuromorphic visual array can be fabricated, having an ultralow power consumption of 0.55 fJ per event under a low operating voltage of −0.01 V. More significantly, an accelerating image preprocessing effect can be observed in a wide wavelength range even beyond the perception range of the human visual system, due to the gate‐adjustable synaptic plasticity. These devices are highly promising for implementing neuromorphic visual systems with broadband perception, increasing image processing efficiency, and promoting the development of artificial vision.
A Quenched Double‐Hydrophilic Coating for the Enhancement of Water Retention of Hydrogels
Authors: Gao Weicheng , Chang Jie , Li Xueping , Li Sidi , Zhou Yuwei , Hou Xin , Long Lixia , Zhao Jin , Yuan Xubo
Published: April 2023

With the emergence of various hydrogels with excellent functions, the air‐drying of hydrogels has attracted extensive attention. Improving the water retention capacity is critical in the application of hydrogels. Herein, inspired by the dense aggregation structure of natural hydrophilic macromolecules, hydrophilic substances (gelatin and glycerol) are first applied to enhance the water retention capacity of hydrogels by constructing a quenched double‐hydrophilic coating. The weight retention ratio of the modified hydrogels is increased to 72.5% at 25 °C and 40 RH% after 5 days. Furthermore, the construction of hydrophilic coating on the surface does not affect the mechanical properties, and the modified hydrogels still retain strong water retention capacity after loading. In addition, this approach is applicable to hydrogels with different shapes and types, and various materials can be selected. Therefore, the proposed method provides new insights for expanding the application scope and service life of hydrogels.