bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEMENARIKAN KONTEN BERITA DALAM MENARIK MINAT PEMBACA MAJALAH BUMI MINA TANI
Authors: Oktiningtyas Putri
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHBumi Mina Tari (BMT) magazine is distributed regularly to all government institutions in Pati District, includes Regional Secretary Office (Setda). It aims to improve employe’s knowledge regarding programs/actions and regulations that are conducted by the local government. The objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the attractiveness of news content of BMT Magazine and readers’ interest to read the magazine and (2) to analyse the correlation between the two variables. The study used quantitative approaches, especially descriptive and correlational. The number of samples was 25 employees of Setda were chosen randomly. The data were analysed using descriptive and Spearman rank tests. The study resulted: (1) The use of language and The easiness to understand news content were the largest contributors to the attractiveness of News Content Variable; (2) Meanwhile, Reading Motivation and Satisfaction of news materials were the largest contributors to Readers' Interest Variable. (3) There was a positive and significant correlation between the attractiveness of news contents and readers’ interest of the employees Setda, Pati District. INDONESIAPendistribusian majalah Bumi Mina Tani (BMT) di seluruh Perangkat Daerah, termasuk Sekretariat Daerah (Setda) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ASN terhadap program kegiatan serta kebijakan yang dibuat oleh Pemerintah Daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menggambarkan kemenarikan Majalah BMT dan minat membaca karyawan Setda Kabupaten Pati dan (2) Menganalisis korelasi antara kedua variabel tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, baik deskriptif maupun korelasional. Sampel penelitian adalah 25 karyawan Setda Kabupaten Pati yang dipilih secara acak. Data yang didapat diolah menggunakan uji deskriptif dan Spearman Rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Dimensi Penggunaan Bahasa dan Kemudahan Memahami Isi Berita memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap variabel Kemenarikan Isi Majalah BMT; (2) Motivasi Membaca dan Kepuasan terhadap Bacaan memberikan kontribusi tertinggi terhadap variabel Minat Membaca; (3) Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kemenarikan isi majalah dengan minat membaca karyawan Setda.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DIVERSIFIKASI KONSUMSI PANGAN LOKAL DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Utami Sri
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHThe pattern of community food consumption in Pati Regency has not been ideal yet in practice. The aims of this study are to find out the policy implementation of local food consumption diversification in Pati Regency, and to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of the policy. This research used qualitative method. The research was conducted in Pati regency, by conducting in-depth interviews to 18 (eighteen) informants from related agencies and targetted groups/communities. The data analyses include data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the research showed that the policy implementation of diversification of local food consumption in Pati Regency did not run well. There were 4 factors that impeded the policy implementation: (1) Communications, the delivery of policy content/socialization to policy implementers has not conducted well; (2) Resources, inadequate human resource in terms of quantity and quality. The agencies actively involved were only 7 (seven) of 11 (eleven) related agencies; (3) Organizational structure, the preparation of SOP was too late so it did not support effectively the implementation the policy; and (4) Communities attitudes towards local food, the communities considered that local food was "out of date and ndeso" and tended to like foods that were considered modern. INDONESIAPola konsumsi pangan masyarakat Kabupaten Pati belum ideal. Pemerintah Kabupaten Pati mengeluarkan Perda Nomor 28 Tahun 2010 tentang Kebijakan Percepatan Penganekaragaman Konsumsi Pangan Berbasis Sumber Daya Lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan lokal di Kabupaten Pati, dan melakukan analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pati, dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada 18 (delapan belas) informan yang berasal dari instansi yang melaksanakan kebijakan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan lokal, dan kelompok sasaran / masyarakat. Analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan diversifikasi konsumsi pangan lokal di Kabupaten Pati tidak berjalan dengan baik. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat implementasi kebijakan: (1) Komunikasi, penyampaian isi kebijakan/sosialisasi kepada para pelaksana kebijakan tidak dilakukan dengan baik; (2) Sumber daya, dukungan sumber daya manusia yang kurang baik dari segi jumlah maupun kualitasnya. Instansi yang terlibat hanya 7 (tujuh) dari 11 (sebelas) instansi pelaksana; (3) Struktur organisasi, penyusunan SOP terlambat sehingga tidak efektif mendukung pelaksanaan kebijakan; dan (4) Sikap masyarakat terhadap pangan lokal, masyarakat menganggap bahwa makanan lokal adalah makanan yang “kuno dan ndeso” dan lebih cenderung ke pangan lainnya seperti roti dan western food yang dianggap modern.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK MODELLING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP WIRAUSAHA PADA SISWA
Authors: Yulihastuti Nur Khixmah
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHEven though the willingness of students to be entrepreneurs tend to increase, it does not followed by their entrepreneurship attitude. The attitude is still low so that it needs to be improved by conducting a certain counseling method. This study aims to investigate the application of modeling technique to improve entrepreneurship attitudes of students. The study was conducted at SMA N 2 Pati from April to June 2016 using qualitative and quantitative approaches (mix method). It involved 35 sample students of 165 students as total population. They were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected through direct observation and closed questionnaire using a psychological scale. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the application of modeling technique potentially increase the entrepreneurship attitude of students. INDONESIAPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi tingginya keinginan peserta didik yang menjadi ampuan peneliti sebagai guru bimbingan konseling untuk bekerja atau berwiraswasta. Namun di sisi lain, dari pengamatan awal peneliti diperoleh temuan bahwa peserta didik masih memiliki sikap wirausaha yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya untuk meningkatkan sikap wirausaha peserta didikdengan menggunakan teknik layanan bimbingan dan konseling tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan layanan penguasaan konten dengan teknik modelling dalam meningkatkan sikap wirausaha siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA N 2 Pati pada bulan April sampai Juni 2016 dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara bersama-sama (mix method). Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan pengamatan (observasi) dan kuesioner tertutup. Data diambil menggunakan skala psikologi selanjutnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Populasi sejumlah 165 siswa dengan sampel diambil siswa kelas X IPA 6 berjumlah 35 siswa dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan sikap wirausaha siswa melalui layanan penguasaan konten dengan teknik modelling.
DEBATE OF ISLAM AND COUNTRIES IN THE CONSTITUANTE BOARD, 1956-1959
Authors: Herdiawanto Heri , Singka Subekti Valina
Published: March 2019

This study examines Hamka's political thinking about Islam and the State in the Basic State debate that took place in the Constituent Assembly 1956-1959. Hamka belongs to the basic group of defenders of the Islamic state with Mohammad Natsir in the Masyumi faction, fighting for Islamic law before other factions namely the Nationalists, Communists, Socialists, Catholics-Protestants and members of the Constituent Assembly who are not fractured. Specifically examines the issue of why Islam is fought for as a state basis by Hamka. and how Hamka thought about the relationship between Islam and the state.

The research method used is a type of library research with literature studies or documents consisting of primary and secondary data and reinforced by interviews. The theory used in this study is the theory of religious relations (Islam) and the state.

This study found the first, according to Hamka, the Islamic struggle as the basis of the state was as a continuation of the historical ideals of the Indonesian national movement. The second was found that the constituent debate was the repetition of Islamic and nationalist ideological debates in the formulation of the Jakarta Charter. Third, this study also found Hamka's view that the One and Only God Almighty means Tauhid or the concept of the Essence of Allah SWT.

The implication of this research theory is to strengthen Islamic thinking legally formally, that is thinking that requires Islam formally plays a major role in state life.

The conclusion is that Indonesian society is a heterogeneous society in terms of religion. This means that constitutionally the state recognizes the diversity of religions embraced by the Indonesian people and guarantees the freedom of every individual to embrace religion and realize the teachings he believes in all aspects of life. Hamka in the Constituent Assembly stated that the struggle to establish a state based on Islam rather than a secular state for Islamic groups was a continuation of the ideals of historical will.
VIRTUAL POLITICS: A NEW BRIDGE TOWARDS THE ELECTION OF THE 2019 ELECTION
Authors: Soelistyowati Rr Dinar
Published: March 2019

The development of life in this millenial era make a lot difference and changes. These also applied to the two things which will be impact on one big event: communication and politics toward Elections 2019. As a result, the conventional political communication system (campaign in the public) what is usually done by presidential candidates start shifting to the new ‘bridge’, that is virtual political communication. The research aims to give a picture about how social media could be a new political communication media in Indonesian political development. The discussion in this article including the function and the role of social media in communicating the presidential candidates’ vision and mission to the public’s mindset also the pattern of public communication as the implementation of political communication in the cyberspace. These findings interpreted inward a vitual political commmunication network which is more flexible in interpret and respond back the presidential candidates’ vision and mission ahead of the Election2019.The study using qualitative method with combining between agenda setting theory with the empathy and homophily theory as the research analysis techniques. These combined theories are needed in analyzing the interraction pattern, both from presidential candidates to the publics and vice versa in the same political situation. The result of this study shows that the two-way communication modelis formed between the presidential candidates and the public through the social mediaoffering a new political communication interraction and strategy, both in presidential candidates’ vision and mission deployment also their working progrms to the public especially for millenial generation and as the public’s reference in judging the presidential candidates’s vision an mission quality and quantity in the Election 2019 contestation.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN ADAPTATION PROCESS:
Authors: Ridaryanthi Melly
Published: March 2019

The migration of Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) to Malaysia resulted the adaptation experience with the host culture during their repeated social interaction with locals. Communication has bridged the interaction which lead to the process of adjusting cultures among the individuals. Communication has not only occurred in the interaction with people who are staying in the host country, but also with those in their home country. Aside of telephone or text messaging, social media plays a role in the process of adaptation among the immigrants. This study has traced the migration and adaptation experience of 33 TKIs. With the objective of tracing the communication experience in their adaptation process by focusing on the role of social media in their social communication process. Focus group discussions were conducted for data gathering. The findings show that aside of direct interpersonal communication with the locals and fellow immigrants, TKIs keep their communication with the family in Indonesia on daily basis through phone call and social media interaction. Interaction with the host has exposed and helped them to adapt with the local culture. However, the interaction with fellow immigrants and text messaging through social media account with family and friends in home country has kept them updated with what is happening in their home country. The use of vernacular language during the interaction with the fellow immigrants as well as people in the home country kept them linger with their original culture. Thus, social media has kept them in their own enclave culture virtually.
Time-Stepping FEM-Based Multi-Level Coupling of Magnetic Field–Electric Circuit and Mechanical Structural Deformation Models Dedicated to the Analysis of Electromagnetic Actuators
Authors: Abba Faiza , Rachek M’hemed
Published: March 2019

The present paper introduced a framework for multi-level coupling transient electromagnetic fields (EMF) and mechanical structural dynamics based on the finite element method (FEM). This framework was dedicated to predicting, with better accuracy, the wave magnetic force density for obtaining the mechanical deformation occurring in electromagnetic actuators (EMAs). The first-level EMF transient model coupling is related to the magnetic field equations that are strongly coupled with the electric circuit input voltage equations. This is done by considering the magnetic saturation through the Newton–Raphson (N–R) method. The time-stepping solution of the EMF model resulted in the magnetic force densities being computed from the Lorentz force (LZ) expressions, based on the space–time variation of the induced eddy current. For the second coupling level, the EMF model was sequentially coupled with the mechanical structural deformation equations (MDef) through the local magnetic force density to achieve minimal material dynamic displacement and deformation. The developed multi-physics EMF–MDef time-stepping (FEM) model tools were implemented using the Matlab software.
Development and Evaluation of a Leaf Disease Damage Extension in Cropsim-CERES Wheat
Authors: Röll Georg , Batchelor William D. , Castro Ana Carolina , Simón María Rosa , Graeff-Hönninger Simone
Published: March 2019

Developing disease models to simulate and analyse yield losses for various pathogens is a challenge for the crop modelling community. In this study, we developed and tested a simple method to simulate septoria tritici blotch (STB) in the Cropsim-CERES Wheat model studying the impacts of damage on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. A model extension was developed by adding a pest damage module to the existing wheat model. The module simulates the impact of daily damage on photosynthesis and leaf area index. The approach was tested on a two-year dataset from Argentina with different wheat cultivars. The accuracy of the simulated yield and leaf area index (LAI) was improved to a great extent. The Root mean squared error (RMSE) values for yield (1144 kg ha−1) and LAI (1.19 m2 m−2) were reduced by half (499 kg ha−1) for yield and LAI (0.69 m2 m−2). In addition, a sensitivity analysis of different disease progress curves on leaf area index and yield was performed using a dataset from Germany. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the ability of the model to reduce yield accurately in an exponential relationship with increasing infection levels (0–70%). The extended model is suitable for site specific simulations, coupled with for example, available remote sensing data on STB infection.
Development and Function of the Intestinal Microbiome and Potential Implications for Pig Production
Authors: Nowland Tanya L. , Plush Kate J. , Barton Mary , Kirkwood Roy N.
Published: March 2019

The intestinal microbiota has received a lot of attention in recent times due to its essential role in the immune system development and function. Recent work in humans has demonstrated that the first year of life is the most critical time period for microbiome development with perturbations during this time being proven to have long term health consequences. In this review, we describe the literature surrounding early life events in humans and mice that contribute to intestinal microbiota development and function, and compare this to piglets predominantly during their lactation period, which focuses on the impact lactation management practices may have on the intestinal microbiota. Although extensive research has been conducted in this area in humans and mice, little research exists in pigs during perceivably the most critical time period of development, which is the lactation period. The research reviewed outlines the importance of appropriate intestinal microbiota development. However, further research is needed in order to understand the full extent routine farm practices have on a piglet’s intestinal microbiota.
Influence of Implant Dimensions and Position on Implant Stability: A Prospective Clinical Study in Maxilla Using Resonance Frequency Analysis
Authors: Nappo Antonio , Rengo Carlo , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Spagnuolo Gianrico , Ferrari Marco
Published: March 2019

Implant stability is relevant for the correct osseointegration and long-term success of dental implant treatments. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the influence of implant dimensions and position on primary and secondary stability of implants placed in maxilla using resonance frequency analysis. Thirty-one healthy patients who underwent dental implant placement were enrolled for the study. A total of 70 OsseoSpeed TX (Astra Tech Implant System—Dentsply Implants; Mölndal, Sweden) implants were placed. All implants have been placed according to a conventional two-stage surgical procedure according to the manufacturer instructions. Bone quality and implant stability quotient were recorded. Mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) at baseline (ISQ1) was statistically significant lower compared to 3-months post-implant placement (ISQ2) (p < 0.05). Initial implant stability was significantly higher with 4 mm diameter implants with respect to 3.5 mm. No differences were observed within maxilla regions. Implant length, diameter and maxillary regions have an influence on primary stability.
Selective Laser Sintering Fabricated Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Graphene Cellular Structures with Tailorable Properties and High Strain Sensitivity
Authors: Ronca Alfredo , Rollo Gennaro , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Fei Guoxia , Gan Xinpeng , Buonocore Giovanna G. , Lavorgna Marino , Xia Hesheng , Silvestre Clara , Ambrosio Luigi
Published: March 2019

Electrically conductive and flexible thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene (TPU/GE) porous structures were successfully fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS) technique starting from graphene (GE)-wrapped thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) powders. Several 3D mathematically defined architectures, with porosities from 20% to 80%, were designed by using triply periodic minimal surfaces (TMPS) equations corresponding to Schwarz (S), Diamond (D), and Gyroid (G) unit cells. The resulting three-dimensional porous structures exhibit an effective conductive network due to the segregation of graphene nanoplatelets previously assembled onto the TPU powder surface. GE nanoplatelets improve the thermal stability of the TPU matrix, also increasing its glass transition temperature. Moreover, the porous structures realized by S geometry display higher elastic modulus values in comparison to D and G-based structures. Upon cyclic compression tests, all porous structures exhibit a robust negative piezoresistive behavior, regardless of their porosity and geometry, with outstanding strain sensitivity. Gauge factor (GF) values of 12.4 at 8% strain are achieved for S structures at 40 and 60% porosity, and GF values up to 60 are obtained for deformation extents lower than 5%. Thermal conductivity of the TPU/GE structures significantly decreases with increasing porosity, while the effect of the structure architecture is less relevant. The TPU/GE porous structures herein reported hold great potential as flexible, highly sensitive, and stable strain sensors in wearable or implantable devices, as well as dielectric elastomer actuators.
Enhanced Radiative Recombination Rate by Local Potential Fluctuation in InGaN/AlGaN Near-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Islam Abu Bashar Mohammad Hamidul , Shim Dong-Soo , Shim Jong-In
Published: March 2019

We investigate the differences in optoelectronic performances of InGaN/AlGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes by using samples with different indium compositions. Various macroscopic characterizations have been performed to show that the strain-induced piezoelectric field (FPZ), the crystal quality, and the internal quantum efficiency increase with the sample’s indium composition. This improved performance is owing to the carrier recombination at relatively defect-free indium-rich localized sites, caused by the local in-plane potential-energy fluctuation in MQWs. The potential-energy fluctuation in MQWs are considered to be originating from the combined effects of the inhomogeneous distribution of point defects, FPZ, and indium compositions.
On the n-Dimensional Phase Portraits
Authors: Rodríguez-Licea Martín-Antonio , Perez-Pinal Francisco-J. , Nuñez-Pérez José-Cruz , Sandoval-Ibarra Yuma
Published: March 2019

The phase portrait for dynamic systems is a tool used to graphically determine the instantaneous behavior of its trajectories for a set of initial conditions. Classic phase portraits are limited to two dimensions and occasionally snapshots of 3D phase portraits are presented; unfortunately, a single point of view of a third or higher order system usually implies information losses. To solve that limitation, some authors used an additional degree of freedom to represent phase portraits in three dimensions, for example color graphics. Other authors perform states combinations, empirically, to represent higher dimensions, but the question remains whether it is possible to extend the two-dimensional phase portraits to higher order and their mathematical basis. In this paper, it is reported that the combinations of states to generate a set of phase portraits is enough to determine without loss of information the complete behavior of the immediate system dynamics for a set of initial conditions in an n-dimensional state space. Further, new graphical tools are provided capable to represent methodically the phase portrait for higher order systems.
Multimedia Vision for the Visually Impaired through 2D Multiarray Braille Display
Authors: Kim Seondae , Park Eun-Soo , Ryu Eun-Seok
Published: March 2019

Visual impairments cause very limited and low vision, leading to difficulties in processing information such as obstacles, objects, multimedia contents (e.g., video, photographs, and paintings), and reading in outdoor and indoor environments. Therefore, there are assistive devices and aids for visually impaired (VI) people. In general, such devices provide guidance or some supportive information that can be used along with guide dogs, walking canes, and braille devices. However, these devices have functional limitations; for example, they cannot help in the processing of multimedia contents such as images and videos. Additionally, most of the available braille displays for the VI represent the text as a single line with several braille cells. Although these devices are sufficient to read and understand text, they have difficulty in converting multimedia contents or massive text contents to braille. This paper describes a methodology to effectively convert multimedia contents to braille using 2D braille display. Furthermore, this research also proposes the transformation of Digital Accessible Information SYstem (DAISY) and electronic publication (EPUB) formats into 2D braille display. In addition, it introduces interesting research considering efficient communication for the VI. Thus, this study proposes an eBook reader application for DAISY and EPUB formats, which can correctly render and display text, images, audios, and videos on a 2D multiarray braille display. This approach is expected to provide better braille service for the VI when implemented and verified in real-time.
Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethroid, Organophosphate and Carbamate Metabolites in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GCMS)
Authors: Hung Chien-Che , Simaremare Sailent Rizki Sari , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Yiin Lih-Ming
Published: March 2019

We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for simultaneous determination of the urinary metabolites of common insecticides in a single analytical run using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). Thirteen metabolites, one originating from carbamate, six from organophosphates, and seven from pyrethroids, were selected for method validation. Samples at different concentrations (0.5–15 µg/L) were prepared by mixing working solutions containing the analytes with blank urine. After acid hydrolysis for 45 min at 90 °C, samples were processed with liquid–liquid extraction and derivatization by N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) before analysis on GCMS. The limits of detection for all thirteen analytes were below 0.1 µg/L. The recovery rates, evaluated at two concentrations (1, 10 µg/L), were found to be 90.48%, on average. The precision of multiple analyses at three different concentrations (0.5, 5, 15 µg/L) within one day or between 10 days was evaluated, and the resultant relative standard deviations were 8.1% or under. We also applied this method to analyze genuine urine samples collected from 30 human subjects, and successfully detected all the metabolites, with detection frequencies more than 50% for pyrethroid metabolites. In summary, this method is not only as good as others in performance, but is advantageous in terms of cost effectiveness and multiplicity of analytes.
Dynamic Stability of Temperature-Dependent Graphene Sheet Embedded in an Elastomeric Medium
Authors: Jalaei Mohammad Hossein , Dimitri Rossana , Tornabene Francesco
Published: March 2019

This work applies the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to study the dynamic stability of orthotropic temperature-dependent single-layered graphene sheet (SLGS) embedded in a temperature-dependent elastomeric medium and subjected to a biaxial oscillating loading in a thermal environment. Possible thermal effects are considered in the size-dependent governing equations of the problem. These last ones are derived by means of the Hamilton’s variational principle combined with the Eringen’s differential constitutive model. Navier’s solution as well as Bolotin’s approach are applied to obtain the dynamic instability region (DIR) of the graphene sheet. Thus, a parametric study is carried out to explore the sensitivity of the DIR of the graphene sheet to the temperature variation, the static load factor, the aspect ratio, the foundation type, and the nonlocal parameter (NP). Results indicate that the dimensionless pulsation frequency reduces for increasing values of temperature and NP, whereas the size effect becomes even more pronounced for increasing temperatures. In addition, the adoption of temperature-dependent mechanical properties, rather than independent ones, yields a global shift of the DIR to smaller pulsating frequencies. This proves the relevance of the temperature-dependent mechanical properties to obtain reliable results, in a physical sense.
Influence of Glass Phase in Silver Paste on Metallized Contact Resistance between Rear Silver and Aluminum Electrodes of Crystalline Silicon PERC Cells
Authors: Zhang Jiefeng , Li Hui , Tong Hua , Xiong Shenghu , Yang Yunxia , Yuan Xiao , Li Hongbo , Liu Cui
Published: March 2019

In the back-side metallization process of the passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), the contact between the Ag rear electrode and Al rear electrode is an important factor for cell efficiency. In this paper, we report on the effect of Ag paste containing two types of oxide glass frit, V-B-Te and Pb-B-Si, on the Ag/Al contact, owing to their remarkable contrast with regard to the Ag/Al contact resistance. By combining the observation of the Ag/Al interface structure with the investigation on the interaction between glass and Al, glass transition temperature, and the distribution of glass phase in the Ag electrode, the influence of the glass phase on the contact resistance between rear Ag and Al electrodes was clearly elucidated.
An MFF-SLIC Hybrid Superpixel Segmentation Method with Multi-Source RS Data for Rock Surface Extraction
Authors: Yi Xuefeng , Zhang Rongchun , Li Hao , Chen Yuanyuan
Published: March 2019

Multi-Source RS data integration is a crucial technology for rock surface extraction in geology. Both Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and Photogrammetry are primary non-contact active measurement techniques. In order to extract comprehensive and accurate rock surface information by the integration of TLS point cloud and digital images, the segmentation based on the integrated results generated by registration is the crux. This paper presents a Multi-Features Fusion for Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (MFF-SLIC) hybrid superpixel segmentation algorithm to extract the rock surface accurately. The MFF-SLIC algorithm mainly includes three contents: (1) Mapping relationship construction for TLS point cloud and digital images; (2) Distance measure model establishment with multi-features for initial superpixel segmentation; (3) Hierarchical and optimized clustering for superpixels. The proposed method was verified with the columnar basalt data, which is acquired in Guabushan Geopark in China. The results demonstrate that the segmentation method could be used for rock surface extraction with high precision and efficiency, the result of which would be prepared for further geological statistics and analysis.
Developmental Screening System for Patient Vibration Signals with Knee Disorder
Authors: Tuan Chiu-Ching , Lu Chi-Heng , Wu Yi-Chao , Chen Mei-Chuan , Chi Sung-Wei , Lee Tsair-Fwu , Yeh Wen-Ling
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we introduce a simple sound signal diagnostic method to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury before and after reconstructive surgery. Sixty-five recruited participants were divided into control (n = 27) and experimental (n = 38) groups. Dynamic time warping of sound signals was applied to evaluate the healthy and injured limbs before surgery with those after surgery via analysis of variance and Z-test analysis. In the control group, the average differences among three sensing points ranged from 7.7 ± 3.4 to 18.9 ± 10.6, over the frequency range of 250 Hz to 4 kHz. In the experimental group, the average differences were between 6.2 ± 2.8 and 57.4 ± 21.3. The greatest significant wavelet coefficient difference was observed in the range of 125–250 Hz. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed approach produces significant signal variations at the ACL test point (TPACL) with regard to identifying ACL injury, with swing cycles conducted within the 4-kHz band of 1–7 wavelet coefficients. Thus, wavelet analysis of knee sound can be used to evaluate the recovery status after single ACL reconstruction surgery. After a 1-year follow-up of the 38 patients with ACL injury, the frequency band difference among sensing points was reduced from 274% to approximately 600%.
Review of Artificial Intelligence Adversarial Attack and Defense Technologies
Authors: Qiu Shilin , Liu Qihe , Zhou Shijie , Wu Chunjiang
Published: March 2019

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies have been widely used in computer vision, natural language processing, automatic driving, and other fields. However, artificial intelligence systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which limit the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in key security fields. Therefore, improving the robustness of AI systems against adversarial attacks has played an increasingly important role in the further development of AI. This paper aims to comprehensively summarize the latest research progress on adversarial attack and defense technologies in deep learning. According to the target model’s different stages where the adversarial attack occurred, this paper expounds the adversarial attack methods in the training stage and testing stage respectively. Then, we sort out the applications of adversarial attack technologies in computer vision, natural language processing, cyberspace security, and the physical world. Finally, we describe the existing adversarial defense methods respectively in three main categories, i.e., modifying data, modifying models and using auxiliary tools.
Experimental Investigation of the Natural Bonding Strength between Stay-In-Place Form and Concrete in FRP-Concrete Decks/Beams
Authors: Gong Jianwu , Zou Xingxing , Xia Ping
Published: March 2019

The Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-concrete hybrid deck/beam is a structural system that combines the durable thin-walled FRP composite profiles and the cost-effective concrete by interfacial shear connections. The interfacial slip can reduce the composite action, thereby causing a degradation of flexural rigidity and capacity. Therefore, using stay-in-place (SIP) forms is a simple way to fully utilize the natural bonding between FRP and concrete, which plays a pivotal role in the structural design of FRP-concrete hybrid decks/beams. This paper presents an experimental study on the natural bonding provided by the SIP forms and the in situ cast concrete. First, four comparative push-out test specimens revealed that the use of SIP forms could improve the ultimate shear capacity of steel bolts by 11.1%. Moreover, it could provide an initial stage with nearly zero slip. The average natural bonding strength of FRP-concrete was evaluated as 0.27 MPa, which agreed well with previous tests in the literature. Second, the beam specimen also confirmed that there was a load response stage with nearly zero slip along the FRP-concrete interface when SIP forms were used as the permanent form. Third, the strain measurements on the steel bolts, FRP profile, and concrete revealed that the failure of the natural bonding was a brittle process. Finally, the flexural response of the FRP-concrete hybrid beam was analytically modeled as three distinct stages, namely the full composite action stage, the slipping stage caused by a natural bonding decrease, and the partial composite action stage.
p53 Phosphomimetics Preserve Transient Secondary Structure but Reduce Binding to Mdm2 and MdmX
Authors: Levy Robin , Gregory Emily , Borcherds Wade , Daughdrill Gary
Published: March 2019

The disordered p53 transactivation domain (p53TAD) contains specific levels of transient helical secondary structure that are necessary for its binding to the negative regulators, mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) and MdmX. The interactions of p53 with Mdm2 and MdmX are also modulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of p53TAD including phosphorylation at S15, T18 and S20 that inhibits p53-Mdm2 binding. It is unclear whether the levels of transient secondary structure in p53TAD are changed by phosphorylation or other PTMs. We used phosphomimetic mutants to determine if adding a negative charge at positions 15 and 18 has any effect on the transient secondary structure of p53TAD and protein-protein binding. Using a combination of biophysical and structural methods, we investigated the effects of single and multisite phosphomimetics on the transient secondary structure of p53TAD and its interaction with Mdm2, MdmX, and the KIX domain. The phosphomimetics reduced Mdm2 and MdmX binding affinity by 3–5-fold, but resulted in minimal changes in transient secondary structure, suggesting that the destabilizing effect of phosphorylation on the p53TAD-Mdm2 interaction is primarily electrostatic. Phosphomimetics had no effect on the p53-KIX interaction, suggesting that increased binding of phosphorylated p53 to KIX may be influenced by decreased competition with its negative regulators.
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Lactoferrin Adsorbed on Silvered Porous Silicon Covered with Graphene
Authors: Zavatski Sergey , Khinevich Nadia , Girel Kseniya , Redko Sergey , Kovalchuk Nikolai , Komissarov Ivan , Lukashevich Vladimir , Semak Igor , Mamatkulov Kahramon , Vorobyeva Maria , Arzumanyan Grigory , Bandarenka Hanna
Published: March 2019

We registered surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the human lactoferrin molecules adsorbed on a silvered porous silicon (por-Si) from 10−6–10−18 M solutions. It was found that the por-Si template causes a negative surface potential of silver particles and their chemical resistivity to oxidation. These properties provided to attract positively charged lactoferrin molecules and prevent their interaction with metallic particles upon 473 nm laser excitation. The SERS spectra of lactoferrin adsorbed from 10−6 M solution were rather weak but a decrease of the concentration to 10−10 M led to an enormous growth of the SERS signal. This effect took place as oligomers of lactoferrin were broken down to monomeric units while its concentration was reduced. Oligomers are too large for a uniform overlap with electromagnetic field from silver particles. They cannot provide an intensive SERS signal from the top part of the molecules in contrast to monomers that can be completely covered by the electromagnetic field. The SERS spectra of lactoferrin at the 10−14 and 10−16 M concentrations were less intensive and started to change due to increasing contribution from the laser burned molecules. To prevent overheating the analyte molecules on the silvered por-Si were protected with graphene, which allowed the detection of lactoferrin adsorbed from the 10−18 M solution.
Evaluation of Concrete Strength Made with Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Al Ajmani Haitham , Suleiman Ferass , Abuzayed Ismail , Tamimi Adil
Published: March 2019

The construction industry consumes enormous quantities of concrete, which subsequently produces large amount of material waste during production and demolishing. As a result, the colossal quantity of concrete rubble is disposed in landfills. This paper, therefore, evaluated the feasibility of reusing waste concrete as recycled aggregate (RA) to produce concrete. The replacement levels were 20, 50, and 80% RA of normal coarse aggregate. Micro silica (MS) and fly ash (FA) were used as cementitious replacement material, however, the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) was kept constant at 0.31. A total of 44 specimens were used to evaluate the fresh and hardened properties. Concrete with 80% RA showed good workability and mechanical properties. The compressive strength of the concrete with 80% RA was 60 MPa at 28 days and 77 MPa at 56 days. Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) was also conducted, where the concrete with 80% RA had the lowest permeability.
Applicability of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 Catalysts for the SCR Denitrification of Alumina Calcining Flue Gas
Authors: Ning Ruliang , Chen Li , Li Erwei , Liu Xiaolong , Zhu Tingyu
Published: March 2019

V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts with different V2O5 and WO3 loadings were prepared by the impregnation method. H2O and SO2 resistance of the catalysts under high H2O concentration (30 vol.%) was studied. Influence of various basic metal oxides, such as Al2O3, CaO, Na2O, and K2O on the catalytic performance was studied and compared. It is revealed that the inhibitory effect is in the sequence of K > Na > Ca > Al, which is consistent with their alkalinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption (BET), temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) were carried out, and the results were well-correlated with the catalytic studies.
CaRMeN: An Improved Computer-Aided Method for Developing Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Gossler Hendrik , Maier Lubow , Angeli Sofia , Tischer Steffen , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: March 2019

The software tool CaRMeN (Catalytic Reaction Mechanism Network) was exemplarily used to analyze several surface reaction mechanisms for the combustion of H2, CO, and CH4 over Rh. This tool provides a way to archive and combine experimental and modeling information as well as computer simulations from a wide variety of sources. The tool facilitates rapid analysis of experiments, chemical models, and computer codes for reactor simulations, helping to support the development of chemical kinetic models and the analysis of experimental data. In a comparative study, experimental data from different reactor configurations (channel, annular, and stagnation flow reactors) were modeled and numerically simulated using four different catalytic reaction mechanisms from the literature. It is shown that the software greatly enhanced productivity.
A Comprehensive Review on Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel Oil
Authors: Hossain Muhammad , Park Hoon , Choi Hang
Published: March 2019

The production of green fuel oil is of the utmost importance for maintaining a healthy life and environment in the current world. Effective and complete removal of sulfur refractory compounds (such as 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene and other alkyl-substituted thiophene derivatives) from fuel oil is essential to meet the new requirements of sulfur standards. Several techniques have been proposed for desulfurization of fuel oil, such as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), selective adsorption, extractive distillation, biodesulfurization, and oxidative desulfurization (ODS). The removal of sulfur by the HDS process requires higher investment costs, high reaction temperature (up to 400 °C), and high pressure (up to 100 atm) reactors. On the other hand, studies have shown that the ODS process is remarkably successful in the removal of sulfur under mild reaction conditions. This review article presents a comparative analysis of various existing catalytic oxidation techniques: acetic acid/formic acid catalytic oxidation, heteropolyacid (HPA) catalytic oxidation, ionic liquid catalytic oxidation, molecular sieve catalytic oxidation, polyoxometalates catalytic oxidation, titanium catalytic oxidation, and ultrasound-assisted oxidation systems, as well as discusses research gaps, and proposes important recommendations for future challenges.
Characterisation of the First Archaeal Mannonate Dehydratase from Thermoplasma acidophilum and Its Potential Role in the Catabolism of D-Mannose
Authors: Kopp Dominik , Willows Robert , Sunna Anwar
Published: March 2019

Mannonate dehydratases catalyse the dehydration reaction from mannonate to 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate as part of the hexuronic acid metabolism in bacteria. Bacterial mannonate dehydratases present in this gene cluster usually belong to the xylose isomerase-like superfamily, which have been the focus of structural, biochemical and physiological studies. Mannonate dehydratases from archaea have not been studied in detail. Here, we identified and characterised the first archaeal mannonate dehydratase (TaManD) from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum. The recombinant TaManD enzyme was optimally active at 65 °C and showed high specificity towards D-mannonate and its lactone, D-mannono-1,4-lactone. The gene encoding for TaManD is located adjacent to a previously studied mannose-specific aldohexose dehydrogenase (AldT) in the genome of T. acidophilum. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we showed that the mannose-specific AldT produces the substrates for TaManD, demonstrating the possibility for an oxidative metabolism of mannose in T. acidophilum. Among previously studied mannonate dehydratases, TaManD showed closest homology to enzymes belonging to the xylose isomerase-like superfamily. Genetic analysis revealed that closely related mannonate dehydratases among archaea are not located in a hexuronate gene cluster like in bacteria, but next to putative aldohexose dehydrogenases, implying a different physiological role of mannonate dehydratases in those archaeal species.
Ginsenoside Rb1 as an Anti-Diabetic Agent and Its Underlying Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Zhou Ping , Xie Weijie , He Shuaibing , Sun Yifan , Meng Xiangbao , Sun Guibo , Sun Xiaobo
Published: March 2019

Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng, two well-known medical plants with economic value, have a long history of use for managing various diseases in Asian countries. Accumulating clinical and experimental evidence suggests that notoginsenosides and ginsenosides, which are the major bioactive components of the plants, have a variety of beneficial effects on several types of disease, including metabolic, vascular, and central nervous system disease. Considerable attention has been focused on ginsenoside Rb1 derived from their common ownership as an anti-diabetic agent that can attenuate insulin resistance and various complications. Particularly, in vitro and in vivo models have suggested that ginsenoside Rb1 exerts various pharmacological effects on metabolic disorders, including attenuation of glycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which depend on the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, and anti-apoptosis effects. Regulation of these pathophysiological mechanisms can improve blood glucose and insulin resistance and protect against macrovascular/microvascular related complications. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of ginsenoside Rb1 in the management of diabetes or diabetic complications. Moreover, a multi-target effect and mechanism analysis of its antidiabetic actions were performed to provide a theoretical basis for further pharmacological studies and new drug development for clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rb1 exerts significant anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-diabetic effects by regulating the effects of glycolipid metabolism and improving insulin and leptin sensitivities. All of these findings suggest ginsenoside Rb1 exerts protective effects on diabetes and diabetic complications by the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism, improving insulin resistance and alleviating the occurrence complications, which should be further explored. Hence, ginsenoside Rb1 may be developed as a potential anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-diabetic agent with multi-target effects.