bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Znamenny Chant as a Constant of the Artistic World of Yuri Butsko: Chamber Music
Authors: Lobzakova Elena Eduardovna
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the chamber-instrumental works of one of the brightest representatives of the Russian school of composition of the second half of the twentieth century, Yuri Butsko, in which his religious and musical philosophy is multidimensional and vividly embodied. The focus is made on the discovery of the author's approach to the "reintoning" of the cult chant in the fabric of secular composition and its role in the processes of meaning and text formation of the artistic whole. The works created by the composer mainly in the early period (1960 – 1970s) in chamber genres are considered as a kind of creative laboratory in which the principles of dialogical poetics of religious and secular principles are formed, manifesting itself both at the conceptual level and at the level of textual relations. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the church monody in the works of Yuri Butsko manifests itself as a dynamic construct, the musical vocabulary and semantic field of which, on the one hand, are amenable to reinterpretation in the process of creating new artistic samples based on it, on the other – have a transformative force that has a significant impact on the content, compositional-dramaturgical, intonation-thematic structure of the work. Both at the conceptual level, realized in the process of interactions of such structures as the symbolic invariant formula of the plot of Golgotha, the external program, the "plot" of the quoted chant, and at the level of textual relations, a multilevel original system of conjugation of Old Russian chant and individual author's poetics is formed in the chamber opuses of Yuri Butsko, which has no analogues in Russian music culture.
Specifics of Representation of Figurative Spheres in the Mono-opera «The Death of a Poet» by S. Slonimsky
Authors: Beliaeva Taisiia
Published: December 2022

One of the vectors of active search for genre solutions in the domestic musical and theatrical art of recent decades is associated with the mono-opera genre. It is characterized by extreme diversity and participates in the active processes of transformation of the opera, the pull for renewal and adaptation to the social, cultural and spiritual needs of society. The concert mono-opera «The Death of a Poet» by Sergei Slonimsky for voice and piano, considered in this article, is an example that largely preserves the traditions of monologue forms of utterance in the opera genre. Slonimsky’s opus reveals the theme of the Poet, the unrecognized prophet, which is relevant for contemporary authors. The appeal to M. Lermontov’s poem of the same name, ambiguous in terms of genre and semantic content, which combined elegy and satire, determined the specifics of the formation of the mono-opera, its stylistic diversity associated with the comparison of two main figurative spheres of the mono-opera – sphere Poet (Pushkin, Lermontov) and Socially (high society, Dantes). The mono-opera completely lacks stage action and storyline, which brings it closer to the vocal poem genre; the literary basis is completely preserved, the declamatory type of intonation prevails. The theme of the «archetypal» conflict is presented by the composer within the framework of romantic aesthetics: the image of the rebellious Hero with his lyrical impulses is opposed to the alien world of the Anti-Hero. Surveillance of the mono-opera by S. Slonimsky «The Death of a Poet» allows us to conclude that it largely inherits the fundamental properties of the genre, which consist in focusing on the experiences of a creative person who is in conflict with others, however, it sharpens such properties of the newest mono-opera as a monologue confession of the hero in a critical life situation, maximum concentration on the image of the protagonist.
Microtonality in the Conditions of the Piano Duet Genre
Authors: Petrov Vladislav Olegovich
Published: December 2022

In the twentieth century, playing two pianos has become one of the leading forms of joint ensemble performance – many duet compositions have appeared all over the world, and the creation of works for such a composition is a separate branch of compositional creativity. The authors, representatives of different artistic trends, preaching various techniques and manners of writing, paid close attention to the piano duet. A special branch of the development of the genre at this time is represented by compositions in which quaternary is used as a unique, original method of creating compositions, suggesting special searches in the field of musical acoustics and aesthetics. They – the opuses of I. Vyshnegradsky, C. Ives, M. Cooper, S. Reich, V. Ekimovsky – for the first time in musicology became the main object of contextual analysis. The importance of such music for the heyday of the piano duet in the twentieth century can hardly be overestimated: it was she who brought into the genre a completely unknown acoustic imbalance of instruments, a dialogue of two personalized parts. The piano duet of the twentieth century is determined not only by its own artistic values expressed by specific duet works, but also by the significant contribution of the genre in question to the overall development of musical art – both composing and performing practice.
The "Soul" of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the IEI UFIC RAS (in Memory of Natalia Georgievna Rutto)
Authors: Akhatov Al'bert Tagirovich
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the bright memory of the permanent head of archaeological funds, chief curator of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the Institute of Ethnological Research named after R. G. Kuzeev, Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Bashkortostan, archaeologist, Candidate of Historical Sciences Natalia Georgievna Rutto, who died prematurely 15 years ago in May 2007. The publication examines the main stages of N. G. Rutto's life path (1946-2007). Special attention is paid to the period of her work at the MAE, where she worked her way up from laboratory assistant to deputy director for accounting, storage and exposition of museum funds (1977-2007). Analysis of archival documents and scientific publications, written, among others, by Natalia herself, indicate that she was at the origins of the acquisition of the museum collection of the MAE, made a huge contribution to the formation of archaeological funds and to the development of the exposition and exhibition activities of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. N. G. Rutto was not only engaged in accounting and storage, but also cataloguing the museum collections of the MAE. In addition, she went on various expeditions and replenished the funds of archeology with new materials. Natalia Georgievna conducted successful research activities. Studying the Srubno-Alakul interaction in the Southern Urals in the Late Bronze Age, in 2000 she defended her PhD thesis, published several dozen scientific articles and a monograph. This publication is based on documents from the Scientific Archive of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, as well as personal memoirs of the author.
The Study of the Formation of Universal Educational Actions among Students in the Preparation of the Final Individual Project
Authors: Buyarov Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Ivanov Pavel Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2022

The subject of the study is the methodology for the formation of universal educational activities that are trained in the process of implementing the final individual project. The object of the research is universal learning activities. In the course of the study, a model for the formation of universal educational activities was developed, as well as a form for studying the level of their formation. In the course of the study, the theoretical foundations of the process of forming skills and abilities were studied, the results of scientific works aimed at studying the use of final individual project as a form of attestation of students, as well as the provisions of the main legal acts that consolidate these theses, were used. The Federal State Standards consecrate the requirements for the results of the development of the main educational program, including the implementation of the final individual project. Concretizing the used theoretical provisions on universal educational activities, a pedagogical model of their formation in the process of creating final individual project was developed. This model is a practical understanding and consistent implementation of the theoretical vision of the process of their formation. The pedagogical model of the formation of universal educational activities can be used both in the phased implementation of the final individual project, and in the analysis of final works, at the stage of demonstrating and summing up the results of activities. Based on the methods used for organizing experimental work, a phased plan was implemented aimed at the formation of universal educational activities through the implementation of final individual project. A comparative analysis at the final stage of the experimental work revealed a positive dynamic in the formation of universal educational activities, which was confirmed by the results in the experimental group of students.
CATWOOD – Reverse Logistics Process Model for Quantitative Assessment of Recovered Wood Management
Authors: Vimpolšek Boštjan , Lisec Andrej
Published: December 2022

Modern environmental and economic challenges in waste management require transition from linear to circular economic flow. In practice, this entails considerable challenges that include the change of material circle flux, the application of mathematical modelling and the use of life cycle thinking – also in the field of recovered wood (RW). To this end, the reverse logistics process model CATWOOD (CAscade Treatment of WOOD) with mechanistic modelling for detailed planning of the RW reverse flow with regular collection, innovative (cascade) sorting based on RW quality and environmentally sound recovery has been designed. As a decision support, the quantitative methods of life-cycle assessment (LCA) and societal life-cycle costing (SLCC) have been incorporated into the CATWOOD, which can choose among a few alternative scenarios. A case study has been performed in the Posavje region in Slovenia, which has discovered that reverse logistics scenarios for reuse are environmentally friendlier than those for recycling or energy recovery, but also more costly, mainly because of extensive manual labour needed and less heavy technology involved in sorting and recovery processes. Sensitivity analysis has exposed that modifying the values of the input parameters may change the final LCA and SLCC results in scenarios observed.
On the Performance of Machine Learning Based Flight Delay Prediction – Investigating the Impact of Short-Term Features
Authors: Schösser Delia , Schönberger Jörn
Published: December 2022

People and companies today are connected around the world, which has led to a growing importance of the aviation industry. As flight delays are a big challenge in aviation, machine learning algorithms can be used to forecast those. This paper investigates the prediction of the occurrence of flight arrival delays with three prominent machine learning algorithms for a data set of domestic flights in the USA. The task is regarded as a classification problem. The focus lies on the investigation of the influence of short-term features on the quality of the results. Therefore, three scenarios are created that are characterised by different input feature sets. When forgoing the inclusion of short-term information in order to shift the prediction timing to an early point in time, an accuracy of 69.5% with a recall of 68.2% is achieved. By including information on the delay that the aircraft had on its previous flight, the prediction quality increases slightly. Hence, this is a compromise between the early prediction timing of the first model and the good prediction quality of the third model, where the departure delay of the aircraft is added as an input feature. In this case, an accuracy of 89.9% with a recall of 83.4% is obtained. The desired timing of prediction therefore determines which features to use as inputs since short-term features significantly improve the prediction quality.
Establishing the Correlation Between Complexity and Performance for Arrival Operations
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Xiang Tong , Zhou Ming , Wang Bin
Published: December 2022

Air traffic complexity indicators play an essential role in measuring operational performance and controller workload. However, current studies mainly depend on the manual scoring method to scale performance or workload. This paper focuses on arrival operations and presents a data-driven strategy to establish the correlation between complexity and performance to avoid the subjectivity of the currently used manual scoring method. Firstly, we present twenty-six indicators for describing air traffic complexity and two indicators for arrival operational performance. Secondly, the clustering method distinguishes peak and off-peak situations for arrival operation. Moreover, clustering results are compared to investigate the correlation between complexity and performance initially. Thirdly, the classification method is adopted to determine such correlation further. In addition, we also identify the affecting factors which could influence operational performance. Finally, trajectories of arrival aircraft landing at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (ZGGG) are used for case validation. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between complexity and performance. The accuracy and precision of classification are approximately 90%. Furthermore, the number of aircraft significantly impacts the arrival operational performance within TMA.
Indicators Affecting the Operation of Public Transport in Regions and Their Interfaces
Authors: Ranceva Justina , Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė Rasa , Vaišis Vaidotas
Published: December 2022

The article reviews qualitative and quantitative indicators to measure transport demand. After the review of the indicators and taking into account the specificity of the analysed region and the availability of data, the selected indicators were divided into five indicators groups: demographic, public transport usage description, public transport service and infrastructure, automobilisation and economics. A database of relevant indicators has been developed to execute the evaluation. The study yielded three separate results: data of city municipalities, circular municipalities and regional municipalities. The purpose of this article is to identify the most important indicators that influence the passenger flows in regional public transport and to identify the interfaces between the indicators. The main raised hypothesis was that different groups of municipalities will have different key indicators influencing the use of public transport and that public transport planning cannot follow the same methods. Multiple Variable Analysis and Simple Regression Analysis were chosen to test the hypotheses and clarify the most important indicators. The analysis shows that unemployment has the greatest impact on the number of passengers on suburban routes, while bus mileage on suburban routes has the smallest impact. The number of buses also has an impact on suburban passenger flows.
A Nonlinear Autoregressive Model with Exogenous Variables for Traffic Flow Forecasting in Smaller Urban Regions
Authors: Li Junzhuo , Li Wenyong , Lian Guan
Published: December 2022

Data-driven forecasting methods have the problems of complex calculations, poor portability and need a large amount of training data, which limits the application of data-driven methods in small cities. This paper proposes a traffic flow forecasting method using a Nonlinear AutoRegressive model with eXogenous variables (NARX model), which uses a dynamic neural network Focused Time-Delay Neural Network (FTDNN) with a Tapped Delay Line (TDL) structure as a nonlinear function. The TDL structure enables the FTDNN to have short-term memory capabilities. At the same time, before the data is input into the FTDNN, the use of trend decomposition or differential calculation on the traffic data sequence can make the NARX model maintain long-term predictive capabilities. Compared with common nonlinear models, the FTDNN has structural advantages. It uses a simple TDL structure without the memory mechanism and the gated structure, which can reduce the parameters of the model and reduce the scale of data. Through the four-day data of Guilin City, the traffic volume forecast for five minutes is verified, and the performance of the NARX model is better than that of the SARIMA model and the Holt-Winters model.
A Multi-Level Risk Framework for Driving Safety Assessment Based on Vehicle Trajectory
Authors: Xiong Xiaoxia , He Yu , Gao Xiang , Zhao Yeling
Published: December 2022

Few existing research studies have explored the relationship of road section level, local area level and vehicle level risks within the highway traffic safety system, which can be important to the formation of an effective risk event prediction. This paper proposes a framework of multi-level risks described by a set of carefully selected or designed indicators. The interrelationship among these latent multi-level risks and their observable indicators are explored based on vehicle trajectory data using the structural equation model (SEM). The results show that there exists significant positive correlation between the latent risk constructs that each have adequate convergent validity, and it is difficult to completely separate the local traffic level risk from both the road section level risk and vehicle level risk. The local and road level indicators are also found to be of more importance when risk prediction time gets earlier based on feature importance scoring of the LightGBM. The proposed conceptual multi-level indicator based latent risk framework generally fits with the observed results and emphasises the importance of including multi-level indicators for risk event prediction in the future.
Flight Training Syllabus Structure Impact on Proactive Planning of High-Performance Military Aircraft Pilot Training Operations in Flexible Airspace Structures
Authors: Mostarac Nikola , Reščić Andrea , Mihetec Tomislav , Novak Doris
Published: December 2022

European airspace is marked by fragmentation, and from fragmentation originated congestion. As an answer to congestion, flexible use of airspace is created to fulfil all users’ requirements optimally, and at its very core lies civil-military cooperation and the coordination of airspace use. Such an approach is enabled by collaborative decision-making, which presumes timely and complete exchange of complete relevant information between airspace users. To participate in the process, the military should be transparent regarding its restrictions and capabilities of adaptation to other airspace users’ demands. Flight training syllabus structure and its specific impact on proactive planning of high-performance military aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures is the subject of this research. Significant diversity in the hourly distribution of civil traffic demand in flexible airspace structures in Zagreb FIR proves them applicable for a proactive approach to high-performance aircraft pilot training operations planning and management. Noticeable reduction in the number of civil aircraft affected by high-performance aircraft pilot training operations in flexible airspace structures at congested flight levels is corroborated. Simulations of proactive planning of high-performance aircraft pilot training operations reveal indications of flight syllabus structure’s impact on pilot flight training duration, as well as the possibility to manage its restrictions.
Multi-Flight Rerouting Optimisation Based on Typical Flight Paths Under Convective Weather in the Terminal Area
Authors: Wang Shijin , Duan Rongrong , Chu Jiewen , Li Jiahao , Yang Baotian
Published: December 2022

With the rapid growth of flight volume, the impact of convective weather on flight operations in the terminal area has become more and more serious. In this paper, the typical flight paths (TFPs) are used to replace flight procedures as the routine flight paths in the terminal area, and the TFP of each flight is predicted by Random Forest (RF), Boosting Tree (BT) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithms based on the weather and flight plan characteristics. A multi-flight rerouting optimisation model by bi-level programming is established, which contains a flight flow optimisation model in the upper layer and a single flight path optimisation model in the lower layer. The simulated annealing algorithm and the bidirectional A* algorithm are used to solve the upper and lower models. This paper uses the terminal area of Guangzhou Baiyun Airport (ZGGG) and Wuhan Tianhe Airport (ZHHH) for case analysis. The RF algorithm has better performance in predicting TFPs compared with the BT and KNN algorithms. Compared to the historical radar trajectory, the flight path optimisation results show that for the Guangzhou terminal area, while meeting the Terminal Airspace Availability (TAA) as constraint, the flight flow increases and the flight distance reduces, effectively improving the operational efficiency within the terminal.
Overview of the Influence of Level of Service on the Airport Passenger Terminal Capacity
Authors: Pivac Jelena , Štimac Igor , Vidović Andrija , Boc Karmela
Published: December 2022

Establishing the desired quality of service (QoS) of the airport passenger terminal in order to improve operational performance is a challenge for every airport. Recent international research indicates a gradual recovery in air transport and, accordingly, the need to develop additional transport infrastructure. If the passenger terminal design in terms of infrastructure and operational capacity is not approached correctly, the level of service provided to passengers may decline. This research will focus on how the IATA Level of Service (LoS), which is provided to airport users can contribute to the optimisation of the level of service of the passenger terminal. Additionally, the impact of level of service on passenger terminal capacity assessment in relation to the diversity of air carrier business model will be analysed. Since there is no common link to uniformly describe and solve this problem, this paper will review the relevant literature in the field of passenger terminal capacity research and will analyse different approaches to solving this problem with the aim to develop a new unified concept in observing and optimising the capacity of the airport passenger terminal taking into account the types of air carrier business models.
Development of Weblog for Learning Tool on Creative Product and Entrepreneurship for Tourism Vocational High School
Authors: Pardamean Simanullang Rotua Sahat , Mutmainnah Sri , Siregar Ellys , Sitanggang Gartima
Published: December 2022

This research aims to test the practicality and effectiveness of weblog for learning tool on Creative Product and Entrepreneurship for Tourism Vocational High School that have been developed using the Borg and Gall Model. The research subjects were teachers and students who used weblog in the implementation of learning in class. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and tests. The questionnaire is used to find out the practicality of the weblog while the test is for the effectiveness of the weblog being developed. The results of the practicality test of developed weblog were obtained from a questionnaire with 30 students with a result of 87% in the very practical category. The effectiveness test in the real class obtained an N-Gain value of 8.2 in the high category with 82% very effective criteria. Thus the weblog contains learning tools and textbooks on Creative Products and Entrepreneurship for Tourism Vocational High Schools that are developed to be practical and effective for use in learning activities.
Appropriateness of Initial Course of Action in the Management of Blunt Trauma Based on a Diagnostic Workup Including an Extended Ultrasonography Scan
Authors: Planquart Fanny , Marcaggi Emmanuel , Blondonnet Raiko , Clovet Olivier , Bobbia Xavier , Boussat Bastien , Pottecher Julien , Gauss Tobias , Zieleskiewicz Laurent , Bouzat Pierre
Published: December 2022

Importance

The extended Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma (E-FAST) has become a cornerstone of the diagnostic workup in patients with trauma. The added value of a diagnostic workup including an E-FAST to support decision-making remains unknown.

Objective

To determine how often an immediate course of action adopted in the resuscitation room based on a diagnostic workup that included an E-FAST and before whole-body computed tomography scanning (WBCT) in patients with blunt trauma was appropriate.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted at 6 French level I trauma centers between November 5, 2018, and November 5, 2019. Consecutive patients treated for blunt trauma were assessed at the participating centers. Data analysis took place in February 2022.

Exposures

Diagnostic workup associating E-FAST (including abdominal, thoracic, pubic, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography scan), systematic clinical examination, and chest and pelvic radiographs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome criterion was the appropriateness of the observed course of action (including abstention) in the resuscitation room according to evaluation by a masked expert panel.

Results

Of 515 patients screened, 510 patients (99.0%) were included. Among the 510 patients included, 394 were men (77.3%), the median (IQR) age was 46 years (29-61 years), and the median (IQR) Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 24 (17-34). Based on the initial diagnostic workup, no immediate therapeutic action was deemed necessary in 233 cases (45.7%). Conversely, the following immediate therapeutic actions were initiated before WBCT: 6 emergency laparotomies (1.2%), 2 pelvic angioembolisations (0.4%), 52 pelvic binders (10.2%), 41 chest drains (8.0%) and 16 chest decompressions (3.1%), 60 osmotherapies (11.8%), and 6 thoracotomies (1.2%). To improve cerebral blood flow based on transcranial doppler recordings, norepinephrine was initiated in 108 cases (21.2%). In summary, the expert panel considered the course of action appropriate in 493 of 510 cases (96.7%; 95% CI, 94.7%-98.0%). Among the 17 cases (3.3%) with inappropriate course of action, 13 (76%) corresponded to a deviation from existing guidelines and 4 (24%) resulted from an erroneous interpretation of the E-FAST.

Conclusions and Relevance

This prospective, multicenter cohort study found that a diagnostic resuscitation room workup for patients with blunt trauma that included E-FAST with clinical assessment and targeted chest and pelvic radiographs was associated with the determination of an appropriate course of action prior to WBCT.
The TRAPP complexes: oligomeric exchange factors that activate the small GTPases Rab1 and Rab11
Authors: Galindo Antonio , Munro Sean
Published: December 2022

The Transport Protein Particle (TRAPP) complexes are highly conserved multisubunit complexes that act as nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rab GTPases. They act in both protein secretion and autophagy and have also been proposed to have a role in other processes such as cytokinesis and ciliogenesis. There are two TRAPP complexes in metazoans: TRAPPII, which activates Rab11; and TRAPPIII, which activates Rab1. Both complexes share a core of small subunits that form the active site for the exchange of GDP for GTP. In addition, each TRAPP complex has distinct large subunits that determine the specificity of each complex towards its substrate Rab and are essential for activity in vivo. Crystal structures have revealed the organisation of the TRAPP core and the mechanism of Rab1 activation, whilst recent cryo‐EM structures have unveiled the arrangement of the specific subunits around the core to form each complex. Combining these findings with functional experiments has allowed the proposal of mechanisms for how the specificity of each complex towards their cognate Rab is determined and for the arrangement of these large complexes on the membrane.
Comprehensive Analysis of Signal Peptides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Reveals Features for Efficient Secretion
Authors: Xue Songlyu , Liu Xiufang , Pan Yuyang , Xiao Chufan , Feng Yunzi , Zheng Lin , Zhao Mouming , Huang Mingtao
Published: December 2022

Signal peptides (SPs) are N‐terminus sequences on the nascent polypeptide for protein export or localization delivery, which are essential for maintaining cell function. SPs are also employed as a key element for industrial production of secreted recombinant proteins. Yet, detailed information and rules about SPs and their cellular interactions are still not well understood. Here, systematic bioinformatics analysis and secretion capacity measurement of genome‐wide SPs from the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is performed. Several key features of SPs, including region properties, consensus motifs, evolutionary relationships, codon bias, e.g., are successfully revealed. Diverse cell metabolism can be trigged by using different SPs for heterologous protein secretion. Influences on SPs with different properties by chaperones can cause different secretory efficiencies. Protein secretion by the SP NCW2 in SEC72 deletion strain is 10 times than the control. These findings provide insights into the properties and functions of SPs and contribute to both fundamental research and industrial application.
Unidirectionally Aligned Donor–Acceptor Semiconducting Polymers in Floating Films for High‐Performance Unipolar n‐Channel Organic Transistors
Authors: Pandey Manish , Sugita Yuya , Toyoda Jumpei , Katao Shohei , Abe Ryo , Cho Yongyoon , Benten Hiroaki , Nakamura Masakazu
Published: December 2022

The orientational control of semiconducting polymers (SCPs) in floating films offers several advantages over conventional solution‐processing methods for device fabrication, and the unidirectional floating film transfer method (UFTM) has been applied to fabricate large‐area oriented p‐type SCP films. Here, UFTM can be used to prepare high‐performance n‐type SCP films of P(NDI2OD‐T2) is reported. A strong correlation between the degree of polymer orientation and the solvent used for the preparation of P(NDI2OD‐T2) floating films is observed. In particular, the size of the nanofibers aligned along the orientation direction prepared using chloroform is dramatically increased by adding a small amount of chlorobenzene. Microstructural characterization reveals that the P(NDI2OD‐T2) floating films are uniaxially aligned with edge‐on orientation, whereas the spin‐coated films are isotropic with face‐on orientation. Notably, the floating films of P(NDI2OD‐T2) prepared with solvent blending have higher electron mobility with ambipolar‐like device characteristics and high threshold voltage (VTH) of ≈25 V. Finally, using the one‐step immersion process, the introduction of an interlayer of hexa(ethylene glycol)‐dithiol between the source/drain contacts and P(NDI2OD‐T2) film results in a drastic improvement in device, giving unipolar n‐channel transistor characteristics with a VTH of ≈0 V, on/off ratio of >105, and mobility reliability factor of almost 100%.
Morphology Optimization of the Photoactive Layer through Crystallinity and Miscibility Regulation for High‐performance Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Hang , Bao Sunan , Cui Naizhe , Fan Hongyu , Hu Kewei , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang
Published: December 2022

On the premise of strongly crystalline materials involved, it is a challenge to control the phase separation of bulk‐heterojunction donor/acceptor active layer to fabricate high‐performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we develop a molecular design strategy of the third component to synthesize three guest materials (namely BTPT, BTP‐Th, and BTP‐2Th) to address this issue. We investigate and reveal the effect of crystallinity and miscibility of the third component in controlling the phase separation of Y6‐derivatives‐based blend film. As a result, a remarkable power‐conversion efficiency of 18.53 % is obtained in the ternary PSC based on PTQ10 : m‐BTP‐PhC6 with BTP‐Th as the third component, which is a significant improvement with regard to the efficiency of 17.22 % for the control binary device. Our study offers a molecular design strategy to develop a third component for building ternary PSCs in terms of crystallinity and miscibility regulation.
Stimuli‐Responsive Catenane‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Bessaguet Adrien , Blancart‐Remaury Quentin , Poinot Pauline , Opalinski Isabelle , Papot Sébastien
Published: December 2022

Rotaxanes and molecular knots exhibit particular properties resulting from the presence of a mechanical bond within their structure that maintains the molecular components interlocked in a permanent manner. On the other hand, the disassembly of the interlocked architecture through the breakdown of the mechanical bond can activate properties which are masked in the parent compound. Herein, we present the development of stimuli‐responsive CuI‐complexed [2]catenanes as OFF/ON catalysts for the copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The encapsulation of the CuI ion inside the [2]catenanes inhibits its ability to catalyze the formation of triazoles. In contrast, the controlled opening of the two macrocycles induces the breaking of the mechanical bond, thereby restoring the catalytic activity of the CuI ion for the CuAAC reaction. Such OFF/ON catalysts can be involved in signal amplification processes with various potential applications.
Single Platinum Atom Catalysts with High Density
Authors: Yang Xiaoxuan , Wu Gang
Published: December 2022

As a new frontier, the rapid development of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) in heterogeneous catalysis has attracted extensive attention. However, a fundamental understanding of the dynamic formation process of active metal atom sites is lacking. The rational design of high‐performance SACs now becomes possible by explicitly addressing the conundrum of constructing high‐density SACs and elucidating the evolution of SACs during the synthesis.
Muffins made with monoglyceride oleogels: Impact of fat replacement on sensory properties and fatty acid profile
Authors: Giacomozzi Anabella S. , Carrín María E. , Palla Camila A.
Published: December 2022

Most shortenings used in baked products are solid fats high in saturated fatty acids that may also contain trans fatty acids, which are nutritionally unhealthy. Successful solid fat replacement requires maintaining not only the physicochemical properties, but also the sensory quality of the products. In this study, the sensory properties and lipid profile of muffins formulated with a previously optimized monoglyceride oleogel were compared with those of muffins made with a commercial margarine (Control). Untrained consumers (n = 130) evaluated the effect of the fat replacement on several sensory attributes using a 5‐point hedonic scale. In comparison with the Control, the oleogel‐based muffin (Mo) scored similarly for flavor and sponginess, but rated significantly higher for appearance and color. Based on overall quality score, consumers liked Mo more than the Control. The reformulated muffins had a significantly improved lipid profile, with a 68% reduction in saturated fats and an almost 4‐fold increase in monounsaturated fats. This study supports the use of monoglyceride oleogels as full‐fat substitutes to develop healthier bakery products, maintaining or improving consumer acceptance. It is expected that the promising results presented here will help the food industry to accelerate the transition from conventional solid fats to oleogels.
Effect of 40 Hz Magnetic Field Application in Posttraumatic Muscular Atrophy Development on Muscle Mass and Contractions in Rats
Authors: Cicek Figen , Tastekin Bora , Baldan Ilknur , Tokus Murat , Pelit Aykut , Ocal Isil , Gunay Ismail , Ogur Hasan U. , Cicek Hakan
Published: December 2022

Muscle atrophy refers to the deterioration of muscle tissue due to a long‐term decrease in muscle function. In the present study, we simulated rectus femoris muscle atrophy experimentally and investigated the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) application on the atrophy development through muscle mass, maximal contraction force, and contraction–relaxation time. A quadriceps tendon rupture with a total tenotomy was created on the rats’ hind limbs, inhibiting knee extension for 6 weeks, and this restriction of the movement led to the development of disuse atrophy, while the control group underwent no surgery. The operated and control groups were divided into subgroups according to PEMF application (1.5 mT for 45 days) or no PEMF. All groups were sacrificed after 6 weeks and had their entire rectus femoris removed. To measure the contraction force, the muscles were placed in an organ bath connected to a transducer. As a result of the atrophy, muscle mass and strength were reduced in the operated group, while no muscle mass loss was observed in the operated PEMF group. Furthermore, measurements of single, incomplete and full tetanic contraction force and contraction time (CT) did not change significantly in the operated group that received the PEMF application. The PEMF application prevented atrophy resulting from 6 weeks of immobility, according to the contraction parameters. The effects of PEMF on contraction force and CT provide a basis for further studies in which PEMF is investigated as a noninvasive therapy for disuse atrophy development. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Enhancing the student learning experience: Co‐teaching biochemistry and clinical sciences within the dental curriculum
Authors: Zhao Rusin , Wang Tao , Yang Ruijia , Adam Lee A. , Zaharic Tony , Loch Carolina , Tompkins Geoffrey R. , Cooper Paul R.
Published: December 2022

Basic knowledge of biochemistry underpins oral and dental care. Undergraduate dental students do not always engage well with basic science teaching due to not appreciating its clinical relevance. Co‐teaching provides one approach to overcome students' disengagement and involves two lecturers, with complementary expertise, presenting the curriculum together. This study investigated student experiences and engagement using co‐teaching to integrate biochemistry with clinical sciences in the students' second‐year dental curriculum. Two successive second year dental student cohorts were co‐taught. Content was delivered by a biochemist and an oral biologist, either online (during the 2020 COVID lockdown) or in‐person (2021). Each cohort was surveyed at the end of the teaching module using an online questionnaire containing both interval scale and free‐text questions. Responses were received from 39 (42%) and 64 (85%) of students in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Students from both cohorts preferred the co‐teaching approach with a mean of 8.74 on a 10‐point interval scale. In 2020 and 2021, 77% and 76% of participants, respectively, preferred a combined biochemistry and clinical dentistry delivery, either in‐person (37%), via Zoom (19%) or via video recording (14%). Thematic analysis of responses revealed students experienced enhanced engagement when co‐taught and they attributed this to integration of the curriculum making the content more relevant and stimulating. Students preferred co‐teaching to individual subjects being taught by a single teacher. Co‐teaching established the relevance of theoretical biochemistry to clinical dental sciences and enhanced the students' learning experience.
The role of green human resource management in the translation of greening pressures into environmental protection practices
Authors: Vázquez‐Brust Diego , Jabbour Charbel Jose Chiappetta , Plaza‐Úbeda José Antonio , Perez‐Valls Miguel , de Sousa Jabbour Ana Beatriz Lopes , Renwick Douglas W. S.
Published: December 2022

Corporate environmental sustainability requires two complementary types of green practices—environmental protection hardware (EPH) and environmental protection software (EPS). Stakeholder greening pressures drive implementation; however, corporate responses vary, often lacking the balance and intensity of EPS and EPH needed. This paper explores the role of green human resource management (GHRM) in explaining variations in the implementation of EPH and EPS in response to stakeholders' pro‐environmental pressures. Drawing on stakeholder theory and the ability, motivation, and opportunity (AMO) framework, a mediating role is hypothesized. Empirical findings from Brazil using structural equation modeling reveal that increased green pressure from stakeholders drives the adoption of both types of green practices through a partial mediating role of GHRM that is stronger for EPH than for EPS. The value of this study lies in the consideration of EPH and EPS practices in the same model and expanding stakeholder theory on how stakeholders can improve environmental protection through GHRM. Implications are that organizations can level the field for the balanced application of EPS and EPH with a system of green human resource management practices—training, assessment, rewards, and teamwork—to channel the translation of stakeholder pressures into workplace green outcomes. Limitations, future research ideas, and policy and practice implications are detailed.
Biomarkers predictive of response to pembrolizumab in head and neck cancer
Authors: Pfister David G. , Haddad Robert I. , Worden Francis P. , Weiss Jared , Mehra Ranee , Chow Laura Q. M. , Liu Stephen V. , Kang Hyunseok , Saba Nabil F. , Wirth Lori J. , Sukari Ammar , Massarelli Erminia , Ayers Mark , Albright Andrew , Webber Andrea L. , Mogg Robin , Lunceford Jared , Huang Lingkang , Cristescu Razvan , Cheng Jonathan , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Bauml Joshua M.
Published: December 2022

Background

We performed an integrated biomarker evaluation in pembrolizumab‐treated patients with R/M HNSCC enrolled in KEYNOTE‐012 or KEYNOTE‐055. The relationship between biomarkers and HPV status was explored.

Methods

We evaluated PD‐L1 (combined positive score [CPS]), TMB, T‐cell‐inflamed gene expression profile (TcellinfGEP), and HPV status. Associations between biomarkers were evaluated by logistic regression (ORR) and Cox regression (PFS, OS).

Results

Two hundred and fifty‐seven patients (KEYNOTE‐012, n = 106; KEYNOTE‐055, n = 151) had TMB data available; of these, 254 had PD‐L1 and 236 had TcellinfGEP. TMB, PD‐L1, and TcellinfGEP were each significantly associated with ORR (p < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier curves at prespecified cutoffs generally showed PFS and OS separation in the anticipated direction for these biomarkers, except for OS and TMB. TMB did not correlate with PD‐L1 or TcellinfGEP (Spearman ρ = −0.03 and ρ = −0.13, respectively); PD‐L1 and TcellinfGEP were moderately correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.47). In multivariate models, TMB, PD‐L1, and TcellinfGEP were each independently predictive for ORR (p < 0.001). ORR was higher in patients with high versus low levels of biomarkers when dichotomized using prespecified cutoffs; patients with higher versus lower levels of TMB and PD‐L1 or TMB and TcellinfGEP had the highest ORRs. Within HPV subgroups, higher versus lower distributions of biomarkers (PD‐L1, TMB, and TcellinfGEP) were associated with response. HPV detection by p16‐immunohistochemistry and WES showed good concordance (81%); results were generally similar by HPV status, regardless of the detection method.

Conclusions

TMB and the inflammatory biomarkers PD‐L1 and TcellinfGEP, assessed alone or together, may be useful for characterizing clinical response to pembrolizumab in R/M HNSCC.
Potential targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of clinical drug fluvoxamine: Docking and molecular dynamics studies to elucidate viral action
Authors: Panda Saroj Kumar , Gupta Parth Sarthi Sen , Rana Malay Kumar
Published: December 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has continued evolving for survival and adaptation by mutating itself into different variants of concern, including omicron. Several studies and clinical trials found fluvoxamine, an Food and Drug Administration‐approved antidepressant drug, to be effective at preventing mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) from progressing to severe diseases. However, the mechanism of fluvoxamine's direct antiviral action against COVID‐19 is still unknown. Fluvoxamine was docked with 11 SARS‐CoV‐2 targets and subjected to stability, conformational changes, and binding free energy analyses to explore its mode of action. Of the targets, nonstructural protein 14 (NSP14), main protease (Mpro), and papain‐like protease (PLpro) had the best docking scores with fluvoxamine. Consistent with the docking results, it was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations that the NSP14 N7‐MTase ((N7‐guanine)‐methyltransferase)–fluvoxamine, Mpro–fluvoxamine, and PLpro–fluvoxamine complexes are stable, with the lowest binding free energies of −105.1, −82.7, and − 38.5 kJ/mol, respectively. A number of hotspot residues involved in the interaction were also identified. These include Glu166, Asp187, His41, and Cys145 in Mpro, Gly163 and Arg166 in PLpro, and Glu302, Gly333, and Phe426 in NSP14, which could aid in the development of better antivirals against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Inorganic Drugs as a Tool for Protein Structure Solving and Studies on Conformational Changes
Authors: Tolbatov Iogann , Marrone Alessandro , Shepard William , Chiaverini Lorenzo , Upadhyay Kahaly Mousumi , La Mendola Diego , Marzo Tiziano , Ciccone Lidia
Published: December 2022

Inorganic drugs are capable of tight interactions with proteins through coordination towards aminoacidic residues, and this feature is recognized as a key aspect for their pharmacological action. However, the “protein metalation process” is exploitable for solving the phase problem and structural resolution. In fact, the use of inorganic drugs bearing specific metal centers and ligands capable to drive the binding towards the desired portions of the protein target could represent a very intriguing and fruitful strategy. In this context, a theoretical approach may further contribute to solve protein structures and their refinement. Here, we delineate the main features of a reliable experimental‐theoretical integrated approach, based on the use of metallodrugs, for protein structure solving.
CRISPR/Cas‐Based MicroRNA Biosensors
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Xinyi , Zou Xiaoran , Ma Fei , Zhang Chun‐Yang
Published: December 2022

As important post‐transcriptional regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) play irreplaceable roles in diverse cellular functions. Dysregulated miRNA expression is implicated in various diseases including cancers, and thus miRNAs have become the valuable biomarkers for disease monitoring. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated (CRISPR/Cas) system has shown great promise for the development of next‐generation biosensors because of its precise localization capability, good fidelity, and high cleavage activity. Herein, we review recent advance in development of CRISPR/Cas‐based biosensors for miRNA detection. We summarize the principles, features, and performance of these miRNA biosensors, and further highlight the remaining challenges and future directions.