bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Great Changes in Critical Reception
Authors: King Richard
Published: May 2018

Zhou Libo’s 1958 Great Changes in a Mountain Village is a “red classic” novel about the Communist Party’s collectivization of agriculture in the mid-1950s, written following a period of immersion in the process in the author’s hometown of Yiyang, in Hunan Province. While Zhou’s personal involvement and familiarity with local peasants provided an air of authenticity to the work, his presentation of “real people and real things” ran counter to the emphasis on heroism and class conflict in Cultural Revolution art theory. The chapter follows the condemnation of Zhou Libo and his novel, particularly as it appeared in 1970 in the Hunan provincial newspaper, the treatment of the author, and his posthumous rehabilitation.
How Is Revolution “Popularized”?
Authors: Li Yang
Published: May 2018

Revolutionary popular novels that took revolutionary history as their subject matter appeared in the mid-1950s and became one of the most important genres in modern Chinese literature, garnering a large reading public. Tracks in the Snowy Forest, the most representative of these novels, employed three main elements from traditional fiction, namely “heroes, youths, and gods” to represent the modern concept of Chinese revolution, thereby using old bottles to contain new wine. Careful analysis of these novels demonstrates the complex, intricate relationship between revolution and tradition in modern China.
Prelude
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

The first prelude is a personal remembrance of Father Francis Klein, a Cistercian monk and abbot of Mepkin Abbey in Moncks Corner, South Carolina, where he was active in land conservation activities in the Lowcountry region. Francis was a “marginalist,” someone who, in following and exploring his or her fundamental passions and ways of life—whether they be religious, philosophical, scientific, naturalist, artistic, political, or other—encounters and recognizes in what he or she takes to be ultimate reality a final significance, meaning goodness (value) or sacredness. The marginalist recognizes a reality that is much wider than the self and embraces all things. Reality can be understood in innumerable ways, and the seeker can interpret the ultimate in equally innumerable ways. We need to spawn more and more marginalists, a whole next generation, with civic communities local, regional, national, and global that genuinely come to welcome and cherish their marginalist critics. This may be the only way that we can realistically hope to protect the imperfect but wildly valuable and good realm of earthly being to which we inextricably, perhaps without reminder, belong.
Baldwin, Prophecy, and Politics
Authors: Shulman George
Published: May 2018

This chapter deftly moves from placing Baldwin in the prophetic tradition to discussion of how Baldwin’s position as prophet works toward a better understanding of American liberalism and modernity. George Shulman explores the ontological categories of whiteness and blackness as discussed by Baldwin, as well as their greater implications for both innocence and domination. Shulman’s piece is important for understanding Baldwin in its ability to marry Baldwin’s religiosity with his personal political practice.
Socrates in a Different Key
Authors: Schlosser Joel Alden
Published: May 2018

This chapter takes Baldwin up on his assertion and argues that Baldwin’s belief is a transformation of Socratic thought, namely that the unexamined life is not one worth living. Joel Alden Schlosser’s work examines Baldwin’s fiction and essays as a method of understanding Baldwin’s argument that self-examination is perhaps the championing tenet of American individualism. In order to confront historical atrocities and violence in and of communities, examination of oneself and one’s role in the Great American Drama is irreplaceable. This essay sets up an examination of Baldwin’s take on individualism and the citizen’s responsibility, duty, and obligation to examine oneself by means of addressing societal ills.
James Baldwin and Black Lives Matter
Authors: Glaude Eddie S.
Published: May 2018

This chapter notes the Black Lives Matter movement reflects a particular strain of perfectionism that takes shape under conditions of domination, a tradition of which Baldwin is an exemplar. In that tradition, which Eddie S. Glaude Jr. describes as black democratic perfectionism, contemporary activists follow Baldwin in a radical cultivation of democratic individuality in the service of racial justice. That radical cultivation requires an unflinching encounter with the ugliness of who we are and a rejection of all the comforting illusions that mask the reality of American life.
A River Runs through It
Authors: Rode Alan K.
Published: May 2018

Curtiz’s birth and early life in Hungary are delineated. Despite the numerous erroneous birth dates, some deliberately promulgated by Curtiz, his Christmas evening birthday of 1886 is verified by a birth certificate. Born as Mano Kaminer, he changed his name to MihályKertész to cloak his Jewish heritage while identifying himself as a Hungarian. The artistic role of pre–World War I Budapest, with its cultural incubator of coffeehouses—particularly the Café New York—is described in terms of its effect on the young Kertész. Transitioning from a circus roustabout to an apprentice actor, he was transfixed by the new technology of film and was determined to shape it into a new art form.
Transylvanian Idyll
Authors: Rode Alan K.
Published: May 2018

Kertész accepted an offer from the actor-impresario JenőJanovics to direct films in Transylvania. Janovics was riding high with the international success of The Yellow Foal (1912) and wanted to use Kertész for films based on Hungarian theater and opera.Kertész’sonly surviving film from this period is The Exile (1914), which is described in detail.An initial account of what would become a notorious disregard for the safety of actors in his pursuit of realism onscreen is given, along with the making of his lost Hungarian epic film Bánkbán (1914). This was the beginning of his long association with the actor Victor Varconi. Kertész’s Transylvanian period ended with the outbreak of World War I.He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army and was reportedly wounded twice.
Falling Fruit
Authors: Rode Alan K.
Published: May 2018

Curtiz finished Marked Woman for Lloyd Bacon and directed Mountain Justice, a fact-based drama about the Edith Maxwell murder case, followed by Kid Galahad, an all-star Warner melodrama. Curtiz was denied the assignment of The Adventures of Robin Hood when Errol Flynn begged Warner and Wallis not to let Curtiz direct him. William Keighley was assigned instead.The hugely budgeted production began to founder, andWallis eventually removedKeighley and appointed Curtiz to rescue the picture. He imbuedwhat is clearly one of his greatest films with his energetic creativity. The chapter provides an in-depth accounting of the Robin Hood production, including the action sequences and the Oscar-winning score by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. The picture was one of Warner Bros.’ biggest triumphs, and Curtiz was then the leading director at the studio.
Cash Cow
Authors: Rode Alan K.
Published: May 2018

Curtiz embarked on the most successful portion of his career as his cinematic style merged with the rapid-paced Warner studio technique. His relentless attention to detail includedresearching the nuances of his adopted country asthey might be applied to each of his film assignments. Screenwriters such as Casey Robinson and Robert Buckner questioned his ability to maintain story continuity, but no one could argue with his ability to make a successful picture. He was nominated as Best Director for Four Daughters,which rocketed John Garfield to stardom, and also for Angels with Dirty Faces, starring James Cagney.He closed out the year by directing Dodge City, a sprawling Technicolor Western starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havillandthat would be one of the top-ten Hollywood moneymakers in 1939. Curtiz and Bess settled into a comfortable routine on the Canoga Ranch; Kitty attended CCNY as the Warners launched a campaign to rally the country against the specter of Nazism in Europe.
Nerve Ending
Authors: Rode Alan K.
Published: May 2018

Curtiz directedI’ll See You in My Dreams (1951), starring Doris Day and the newcomer Danny Thomas. The picture was his last box-office hit at Warner Bros.His long-cherished project,The Will Rogers Story, starring the commentator-actor’s son, was a handsome picture but a commercial failure. A remake of The Jazz Singer(1952) with Danny Thomas turned out even worse, though he cast the singer Peggy Lee in the film.Curtiz was becoming increasingly angry with Warners for refusing to hire his brother David as an assistant director and stonewalling his inquiries concerning the profit percentages on his films. After Curtiz directed John Wayne in Trouble Along the Way(1953), the studio claimed that all Curtiz’s films but onehad lost money.It then attempted to cheat him out of those minuscule profits by legally parsing his contract.The author also notes two sets of differing financial figures that Warner Bros. maintained on Curtiz’s films.After Warner informed him that he would have to accept a salary reduction and rejected his profit claims, Curtiz threatened a lawsuit. The suit was dropped and Jack Warner eventually paid him off to settle the matter. Curtiz finished his last Warner movie,The Boy from Oklahoma(1954),and moved on to Paramount Pictures.
Wuhan’s Showdown at the Supreme Court
Authors: Fang Qiang , Li Xiaobing
Published: May 2018

Chapter three continues the discussion of the case at the Supreme Court in 2002. Not surprisingly, the Supreme Court swiftly dismissed the lawsuit. The chapter also looks at the many just and natural resistances practiced by Waitan Garden residents to safeguard their licit homes. After all their efforts ended in vain, these staunch defenders finally realized that the CCP local government had gained full control of their city, and that the Party was too powerful in China for the law to win.
Professor Wang’s Costly Battle against Local Power
Authors: Fang Qiang , Li Xiaobing
Published: May 2018

Chapter five studies another case of Professor Wang in which he was involved in a bloody fight against the head of the Neighborhood Committee of Fenghuayuan, Liu Yongxiu. Although Liu did not have much power, he had powerful backing from local governments. Responding to Wang’s accusations that he had embezzled a large sum of public money belonging to all residents, Liu launched a ferocious battle against Wang. After Wang began shifting his focus of charges towards the powerful mayor, the situation shifty turned unfavorable to Wang. In the local court, Liu sued Wang for slandering, resulting in Wang’s 18 month imprisonment.
A New Beginning and the Beginning of the End
Authors: Ellis William E.
Published: May 2018

Cobb moved to Hollywood at the invitation of Will Rogers and Hal Roach. With Cobb’s work in the film business, his writing tapered off. His involvement in the filming of Judge Priest, starring Will Rogers, renewed Cobb’s belief in himself and his career. The film received excellent newspaper coverage when it was released in the fall of 1934, owing to Rogers’s celebrity. The rest of the chapter focuses on Cobb’s work and family life in Hollywood until his wealth and health began to decline.
Old Enough to Go Traipsing
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes young Still’s early school experiences such as learning to write his name and performing in chapel. Other stories tell of his friends outside of school, his experience of walking a cow to town, watching movies in town, visiting extended family, and encountering the world through books. The chapter draws a parallel between Still’s childhood and that of his young male characters.
The Model Scout
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter recounts Jim Still’s adolescent and high school experiences. As World War I ended, the family moved from the country to town and young Still began playing baseball and visiting the library. He became actively involved in the recently formed Chattahoochee Valley Boy Scout program, eventually becoming an Eagle scout. He wrote a diary, newspaper reports, songs and poems about his scouting experiences. As high school ended he looked forward to college in some place other than Alabama.
To the Jumping-off Place
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter recounts how in 1932, Still found Hindman, Kentucky, through his friend Don West. He worked at the Settlement School there in the summer, organizing baseball teams and supervising a boys’ club. Loomis continued to support Still while he continued to look for more permanent employment, which he found in1933 when Hindman Settlement School offered him a library position that provided room and board but no pay.
A Man Singing to Himself
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

The years between 1935 and 1941 were the most productive of Still’s writing career. He published 59 poems and 25 short stories in a variety of periodicals plus three books with Viking Press: Hounds on the Mountain (1937), River of Earth (1940) and On Troublesome Creek (1941). Edward Weeks at The Atlantic and Marshall Best at Viking were key to Still’s success. This chapter explores Still’s early career, including his critical move from Hindman to the log house on Dead Mare Branch.
Somewhere in Africa
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes Still’s life in Africa. He was stationed at an airbase near Accra on the Gold Coast, in what is now Ghana. He was the Personnel Sergeant Major and kept records of everything at the base. He met the challenges of the job and enjoyed the nearby beach, but he found the best aspect of his military experience to be the opportunity for travel and adventure in Africa, Egypt and the Holy Lands. He read widely but wrote and published little while overseas.
Family Loss and Brotherly Love
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter tells of the death of his father, J. Alex Still, in October 1957 and the family drama that surrounded his decline. Still lost two other siblings, his oldest sister and his brother Tom. It was his youngest brother, Alfred, who caused him the most trouble and grief. Still supported Alfred financially and emotionally during his six-year tragic struggle with emphysema. The mounting bills from hospitals and care facilities were a major factor in Still’s taking a faculty position at Morehead State College in 1961.
Two
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

This chapter further delineates multiple factors that will impact the character, behavior, and life of young Reatha Watson. Societal influences are examined, particularly those pertaining to the imposition of Victorian restraints upon the American way of life and those culminating in society’s subsequent rebellion against and dismantling of such restraints. Reatha’s inherent personality traits are described. The effect of Reatha’s family (specifically her father, William, and mother, Rose) and their way of life upon her formative years is again touched upon. The beginning of Reatha’s education in a convent school is additionally highlighted, as it is during this time that her recurring ambition to become a nun first appears.
Four
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

This chapter sheds light upon Reatha’s preteen and early teenage years after her father takes a newspaper job in California and the Watsons move to Fresno. Reatha is forced to abandon stock theater, resumes her education in a convent school, and again feels called to be a nun. Simultaneously struck by a serious illness, she then turns to Christian Science, developing a yearning to become a Christian Science practitioner. Increasingly rebellious, she is expelled from the convent and discards her plans to become a Christian Science practitioner when newly developing motion pictures awaken a new aspiration within her. Reatha travels with her mother to Los Angeles for a chance at a film career. The chapter also includes a treatise on early film history as it pertains to the trajectory of Reatha’s life.
Eleven
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

While this chapter continues the discussion of Barbara and Robert’s career as a professional dance team, it is devoted primarily to the intricacies of their often turbulent love affair. Abruptly discharged from the sanitarium for her unruly behavior, Barbara regularly experiences health fluctuations, continues drinking excessively, and is frequently unable to work. In need of money for herself and Robert, she turns to Alex Sandberg, an older, wealthy man, and a clandestine relationship develops between them. As Barbara edges closer to another breakdown, she and Robert depart for the West Coast, first to her parents’ home in Oregon to salvage Barbara’s health, then to Oakland to resume their dancing career. A great portion of the chapter’s events and quotes have been gleaned directly from Barbara’s private diary.
Twelve
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

Escalating tensions between Barbara and Robert have severed their dance partnership and romance. As the chapter unfolds, Barbara finds comfort—and vengeance—in the arms of dancer Philip Ainsworth. The two marry and begin a dance partnership in San Francisco, their explosive relationship playing out in newspaper headlines. Philip initiates divorce proceedings, cites Robert as corespondent, and the headlines continue. Reunited with Robert as his dance partner and lover, Barbara prepares to return with him to New York. An unforeseen event, however, ends their partnership and romance forever. Barbara acquires an engagement as a solo dancer and strikes out on her own.
Fourteen
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

Back in Los Angeles with Ben, Barbara’s health returns and she begins writing, eventually drafting a full-length story scenario. The Fox Film Corporation purchases the scenario and offers Barbara a lucrative contract for five more original stories for Fox star Gladys Brockwell. This chapter, along with detailing the process of writing for the silent screen, focuses heavily upon Barbara’s career as a screenwriter; details regarding plot synopses, production, and critical reception are presented for the first three of her Fox films, The Mother of His Children (1920), The Little Grey Mouse (1920), and The Rose of Nome (1920). Meanwhile, Barbara and Ben’s marital troubles come to a head, culminating in what promises to be a lurid, publicized divorce suit.
Twenty-Three
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

The pressures of fame are wearing on Barbara as she attempts to balance numerous career commitments with being a good wife and mother. This chapter is largely devoted to Barbara’s role in The
Eternal City (1923), a film involving both her unprecedented trip to Italy and a leading role among a stellar cast. Details pertaining to the film’s production, plot, and critical reception are addressed, including the cast and crew’s entanglements with fascist leader and Italian prime minister Benito Mussolini. That Barbara’s European trip is also intended to be her honeymoon with Jack—and that it isn’t the romantic fairy tale film magazines purport it to be—also factors into the chapter’s content. The chapter closes with Barbara’s attainment of her fondest childhood aspiration, her official induction into stardom’s ranks: Arthur Sawyer presents her with a long-term contract for starring pictures to be produced by him and distributed by First National.
Twenty-Five
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

Barbara enters into one of her life’s darkest periods in this chapter. Ben Deely sues her for divorce, naming Jack Daugherty as correspondent and charging her with committing adultery with various men. (Advised by her attorneys that she was technically wed to Philip Ainsworth when she married Ben, and presuming that her marriage to Ben is thus invalid, Barbara supposes herself innocent.) The situation takes a sinister turn when Ben’s attorney, Herman Roth, attempts to extort money from Barbara by threatening to scandalize her and Arthur Sawyer, her manager. While enduring Roth’s blackmailing tactics, Barbara completes Thy Name Is Woman (1924) with Ramon Novarro; information regarding the film’s plot, production, and reviews is provided, particularly since the film represents a departure from Barbara’s vamp typecasting. It is revealed in this chapter that, in addition to Ben’s divorce suit and Roth’s machinations, a devastating medical diagnosis is bearing down on Barbara.
Thirty-Three
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

As the chapter opens, Barbara’s final film, The Girl from Montmartre (1926)—-a deviation from her vamp typecasting and thought by Barbara to showcase her finest work—is released within days of her passing, eliciting an unparalleled response from the public. Details relating to critical reception of the film are provided. The chapter then delves into the myriad theories surrounding the ultimate cause of Barbara’s death, as touted by period magazines and presented by her friends and colleagues. Misperceptions shrouding her memory (including Barbara’s alleged drug use), as well as sources that spawned them, are explored and juxtaposed with commentary from those who knew her intimately. Completing the chapter is a discussion of the commemoration of Barbara’s film work by her colleagues and documentation of the survival status of the films she wrote and appeared in.
Miriam Hopkins
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

Born in Savannah, Georgia, Miriam Hopkins was a product of the South. In true Southern fashion, her family proved a challenge to her throughout her life. She began her career in vaudeville and moved on to Broadway and Hollywood, with stints in radio and television. Examples of her screen work include a dance hall prostitute in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the scandalous The Story of Temple Drake, and The Old Maid, one of two films she made with Bette Davis, who always brought out the worst in Hopkins. In 1935, she was Becky Sharp, in the first all-Technicolor feature film (and her only Academy Award nomination).
Hopkins had a legendary reputation for being difficult. Whatever drove her—ambition, insecurity, or something altogether different—we cannot say, but she often conflicted with her costars. And no matter where she worked, she fearlessly tackled the powers-that-be, from the venerated Samuel Goldwyn to the irascible Jack Warner.
But there’s more to Miriam Hopkins. She shouldn’t be remembered for her temperament alone but for her catalog of work as an exceptional actress. Hopkins, who died shortly before her seventieth birthday in October 1972, remains a thoroughly underappreciated performer, one whose rich, and quite prolific, career merits a reexamination.
Billy
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

Hopkins is cast in the Broadway play Excess Baggage. One day on the way to the theater, she witnesses a suicide. Convinced this is a message, she realizes life is short and divorces Brandon Peters and marries the writer she has become infatuated with, Austin “Billy” Parker. She and her new husband travel to Europe for their honeymoon, and on their return trip, Hopkins gets news of her uncle Dixie’s death, which profoundly affects her. With no offers on Broadway, Hopkins returns to Rochester to work with George Cukor and meets her future nemesis, Bette Davis, for the first time. Back in New York, questions are raised about her divorce to Parker. Hopkins appears in a short talking film for Paramount, which attracts the attention of producer Mack Sennett, who offers her a contract that she ultimately refuses. Instead, she appears in several plays before accepting a role in one in England that runs a few months.
The Lubitsch Touch
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

Hopkins’s secret affair with director King Vidor is revealed when Ernst Lubitsch leaves her a handwritten note on the last page of her Design for Living script. Regardless of the film’s critical success, Hopkins is frustrated with how her career is going. With her walkouts at Paramount making front page news, she looks forward to the day her contract ends. Hopkins finally gets a diversion when she steps in for an ailing Tallulah Bankhead in the title role of the Broadway play Jezebel.
Sutton Place
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

During the run of Jezebel, Hopkins buys the Sutton Place townhouse of the late literary agent Elisabeth Marbury. While it is remodeled, she returns to Hollywood to make She Loves Me Not, with Bing Crosby and Kitty Carlisle, who relates the kind treatment Hopkins showed her during the making of the film. With one more film owed before her Paramount contract expires, the studio loans Hopkins to RKO to make The Richest Girl in the World. She is hired to play Becky Sharp in the first full-length Technicolor film, and then she signs a four-year contract with producer Samuel Goldwyn. Hopkins hears from her father for the first time in twenty-five years, and her rocky relationship with her mother and her sister’s emotional problems are examined. Hopkins is introduced to, and develops a close friendship with, writer Gertrude Stein, who helps her start a collection of classic paintings. Problems plague the production of Becky Sharp.
West Hollywood to Burbank
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

Samuel Goldwyn loans Hopkins to Warner Bros. for a four-picture deal. Hopkins is slipping at the box office, so Anatole Litvak suggests that they cast her in their new property Dark Victory. But Bette Davis is assigned to the role and Hopkins hires a new agent, Charles Feldman, and battles with Warner Bros. over her parts, even offering to reduce her salary to be given better roles. Hopkins newfound liberal beliefs, a result of her marriage to Litvak, attract the FBI’s attentions. Litvak has a weekend affair with Bette Davis, Hopkins finds out, and threatens to divorce him and name Davis as correspondent. Jack Warner talks her out of it and searches for the right role for her, going back and forth on several projects, until finally they agree on The Old Maid, costarring . . . Bette Davis. Tests on the film continue until Academy Awards night, when Bette Davis receives the Best Actress Oscar for Jezebel; Hopkins reacts by trashing her own home.
“A Little Off-Center”
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

Hopkins tries unsuccessfully to find stage work, and she receives a call from William Wyler to appear in a supporting role in his next film, The Heiress, which she accepts. Academy Award winner Olivia de Havilland shares her memories of the making of the film. Regardless of the film’s success, Hopkins is ignored by the Academy but receives a Golden Globe nomination. Afterward, she takes the play on the road, playing the title role. Hopkins’s next part is the overbearing mother of Gene Tierney in the comedy The Mating Season. Following that is another film for Wyler, Carrie, based on the Theodore Dreiser novel Sister Carrie.
Fools and Madmen
Authors: Pardew James W.
Published: May 2018

Why is the fall of communism in Yugoslavia so violent when it is relatively peaceful throughout the rest of Eastern Europe? Nationalist leaders like Milosevic in Serbia disregard the lesson of history that wars, once started, are difficult to control. Pardew points to the narrow vision and expedient political conversion of local leaders, the depth of ethnic nationalism and the misuse of religion as primary factors leading to brutal conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. Balkan officials want to negotiate the complexities of their history, but US negotiators focus on the future. The U.S. approach to Balkan instability also avoids traditional methods of solving ethnic conflicts. New national borders and ethnic proportions are no longer suitable solutions for achieving ethnic stability in the region.
Death on a Balkan Mountain
Authors: Pardew James W.
Published: May 2018

An accident killing three members of the first Holbrooke negotiating team propels James Pardew into the center of the US negotiations on Bosnia as the representative of the Secretary of Defense. The new negotiating team prepares to resume negotiations after meeting with President Clinton at the memorial service for the three Americans at Arlington Cemetery. The availability of a dedicated aircraft allows Holbrooke to move fast throughout the Balkans and Europe to help maintain control of the negotiations.
The Godfather
Authors: Pardew James W.
Published: May 2018

The first shuttle by the new US team sets the tone and pace for the Holbrooke negotiations. In short order, the team meets with the Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) leaders in Paris shortly after Serbian shelling kills thirty-seven people in Sarajevo. NATO responds with airstrikes against Serbian targets. In Belgrade, Milosevic is eager for a deal as economic sanctions and increased international military and political pressure take their toll on Serbia. The parties agree to a set of basic principles, including the sovereignty of Bosnia within its borders. On the return to Washington, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs is unsettled by the progress of the talks.
Getting Started
Authors: Pardew James W.
Published: May 2018

Pardew takes the new T&E team to Sarajevo and Belgrade to introduce them to the situation and the difficulty of melding two Federation armies into one. European and other opposition to the T&E Program begins to take shape. Milosevic recognizes his personal relationship with Pardew, but opposes the T&E Program. The Bosniaks solicit Richard Perle and other American “neocons” to oversee the T&E Program.
Prelude to War
Authors: Pardew James W.
Published: May 2018

Milosevic agrees to allow international monitors to observe the situation in Kosovo. They expose the level of Serbian repression, and Milosevic objects. Washington sends Pardew, who has an amiable relationship with Milosevic, to Belgrade twice to convince him to stop the repression and restore order in Kosovo. In the January 1999 meeting, Pardew debates the Racak Massacre and informs Milosevic of the potential for war. He leaves Belgrade convinced that Milosevic is resigned to war with NATO.
The Rebel Press, and Some Yankee Papers, Too
Authors: Craig Berry
Published: May 2018

Kentucky’s press reflected the deep division in the Bluegrass State in 1860–1861. Many communities had rival pro-Union and pro-Confederate papers. In Louisville, Kentucky’s largest city, the Democrat and the Journal sided with the Union. The latter was the state’s most important unionist organ. The Louisville Courier was Kentucky’s leading Confederate paper. Frankfort, the state capital, was home to the unionist Commonwealth and the secessionist Yeoman. In Lexington, the principal city in the Bluegrass, the state’s wealthiest region, the unionist Observer & Reporter and the Confederate Kentucky Statesman fought a fierce war of words. Most of the pro-Confederate press supported Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge for president in 1860. The Journal and the bulk of the unionist papers backed John Bell, the Constitutional Unionist candidate. The Democrat was for Northern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas. Evidently, no Breckinridge sheets went over to the Union side, but some Bell papers, notably the Cynthiana News and Covington Journal, tilted toward secession. The pro-Douglas Hickman Courier became one of the first Kentucky papers to endorse secession.
Neutrality Summer
Authors: Craig Berry
Published: May 2018

The secessionists and their allies in the press chafed under neutrality. They charged that the unionists were using neutrality as a cover to build support for entering the war on the Union side. The secessionists suffered another hard blow at the polls on June 20, when unionist candidates won nine of Kentucky’s ten seats in the congressional elections. The Southern sympathizers and their newspaper friends pinned their last hopes on the August elections for the state legislature, in which all 100 house seats and half of the 38 senate seats were on the line. Meanwhile, as chances for a Confederate Kentucky melted in the summer heat, some Confederate papers cooled their secessionist ardor and seemed to acquiesce in neutrality, at least for the time being. Neutrality, they reasoned, was better than fighting for the North. But the secessionists stuck to their argument that the “Black Republicans” would destroy slavery and make African Americans and whites equal in Kentucky. The Union Party won its biggest victory yet in the state elections. Thus emboldened, the unionists supported Camp Dick Robinson, a recruiting station for Union army volunteers in central Kentucky. The state was on the verge of abandoning neutrality and fully embracing the Union war effort.
The Rebirth of the Old Rebel Press and the Thorny Issue of Censorship in Wartime
Authors: Craig Berry
Published: May 2018

Kentucky became intensely pro-Southern after the war, a fact reflected in the rise of the old Confederate press. Some of the papers did not survive the conflict, but many did. Haldeman returned to Louisville and restarted the Courier, which soon had a greater circulation than both the Journal and the Democrat. In 1868 he bought out his rivals. The new paper, the Louisville Courier-Journal, was Democratic and relatively moderate. Its editor was the storied Henry Watterson, a former Confederate soldier and journalist. The Yeoman was back in business, too. Ironically, though, the Statesman’s new owners turned the paper Republican. Other secessionist organs such as the Covington Journal,
Cynthiana News,
Hickman Courier, and Paducah Herald resumed publication as conservative Democratic organs. Whereas the rebel editors and publishers had represented the minority opinion during the war, they found themselves in step with most Kentuckians afterward. Yet the question remains: was the Lincoln administration justified in suppressing hostile newspapers?
Events Preceding Trial
Authors: Lawson Robert G.
Published: May 2018

On the basis of a sworn affidavit from Captain Cravens showing reasonable grounds for believing that Alex Arnold had murdered Betty Gail Brown, Judge Richard P. Moloney of Lexington’s Police Court issued a warrant for Arnold’s arrest that included an order that arresting officers present him to a judge. Judge Moloney asked Amos Eblen, one Lexington’s of the most experienced and highly respected attorneys, to represent Arnold as he had no money for legal counsel. Eblen brought on Robert Lawson as co-counsel for the case, and they began interviewing him on January 25, 1965 after his incarceration to prepare for Arnold’s trial. The chapter also discusses Arnold’s background, the preliminary hearing, and Arnold’s indictment for murder.
Conclusion
Authors: Lawson Robert G.
Published: May 2018

After getting the jury’s decision, out of relief and not at all for purposes of celebration, Judge Eblen and I spent the evening together having a private dinner and talking about both the past and the future:

Eblen:

Very close to a dead heat, I would say. I wonder how many of the seven who backed our position believed that he was innocent and how many of them simply had reasonable doubt about his guilt....
Chinese Ancestral Worship
Authors: Wu Emily S.
Published: May 2018

Emily S. Wu examines the meaning and symbolism of food in Chinese funerary rites, delving into the rich Confucian, Daoist and Buddhist textual tradition to underscore her fieldwork observations of food as both boundary marker and boundary breaker. Wu connects the material remnants of the corpse with the symbolic functions of food, richly demonstrating the role of bone, pork and wine in mediating the worlds of flesh—both living and decaying.
The Eating Ritual in Korean Religiosity
Authors: Park Jung Eun Sophia
Published: May 2018

Jung Eun Sophia Park’s chapter examines the function of food in Korean funeral rituals and memorial festivities in Buddhism, Korean Catholicism, and memorial activities. Park gives the reader a rich descriptive analysis of the various foods and their meanings in honoring the Korean dead, in the food ritual of Young San Jae, describing how food is utilized as a way to connect the living with the dead ancestors.
Moroccan Funeral Feasts
Authors: Oualaalou David
Published: May 2018

David Oualaalou discusses the role of couscous in emphasizing Moroccan identity and mourning the dead. Couscous, through its ordinariness, and because it is an everyday staple, underscores the role of death as a part of life—as something not only unavoidable, but necessary in order to truly live as a Muslim. He also traces the shifting influences of class and status on these traditional mourning staples, noting that because of globalization and capitalism, Muslim funerals in contemporary Morocco are becoming less concerned with communal bereavement and are instead stressing the individual’s life through expensive shows of wealth and class through more complicated and expensive foods.
Introduction
Authors: Laver Harry S. , Matthews Jeffrey J.
Published: May 2018

Few people would challenge the assertion by presidential biographer James MacGregor Burns that “leadership is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth.”1 Yet, in the four decades since the publication of Burns’s seminal work Leadership, our understanding of the leadership process has improved tremendously. Among the most important developments is the widespread recognition that successful leaders, operating at any level of responsibility, are not simply endowed at birth with great leadership ability. As General William Tecumseh Sherman once observed, “I have read of men born as generals peculiarly endowed by nature but have never seen one.”...
Exemplary Followership
Authors: Matthews Jeffrey J.
Published: May 2018

Colin L. Powell spent much of his remarkable career in advisory, not command, positions. By demonstrating the qualities of an exemplary follower, a leader presents an appropriate and realistic role model for everybody within his organization. Most people in positions of organizational authority must assume complicated dual roles as follower and leader. Rare is the leadership position that is not simultaneously a position of followership. Too often, the role of follower is seen as inherently submissive, dependent, passive, and unimaginative. On the contrary, the best and most effective followers share many characteristics with successful leaders, including competence, commitment, composure, moral conduct, and independent critical judgment.
Potenciál diskurzivní analýzy a vizuální metodologie v postmoderním paradigmatu vědy
Authors: Sedláková Markéta
Published: May 2018

Forma vědění v současném postmoderním světě prochází rapidní transformací. Tuto proměnlivost můžeme pozorovat i ve snaze ono vědění zachycovat, analyzovat a dále teoretizovat. Symbolický zápas s věrnou korespondencí sociální reality sehrává věda s argumentací prezentující skepsi k pojímání pravdy jako stabilní autority. Data nejsou kulturně a hodnotově neutrální, což je podporováno jejich distribuováním skrze jazyk. Rozumění a výklad kontextu by tak spíše měly být mechanismem zaměřujícím se na jazykovou/vizuální komunikaci, která ve své latentní i transparentní formě produkuje, sdílí a konceptualizuje významy, udává role a pozice ve světě. Ohnisko zájmu vědeckého poznání se v naší optice přesouvá ke zkoumání konstrukcí, utváření významů a re-prezentací zkušenosti. Cílem předkládaného příspěvku je představit možnosti diskurzivní analýzy. Ta představuje teoreticko-výzkumný přístup, který je schopen uplatňovat kritickou reflexi zaostřenou na jednání a praktiky určitého diskurzu a bytí v něm. Vedle jazykových konstrukcí se zaměřujeme i na vizualizaci diskurzu a možnosti vizuální metodologie. Konkrétněji pak na využití fotografie jako nástroje sociální komunikace ve výzkumném procesu. Meritum kombinace obou přístupů leží v možnosti poznávat vztahy mezi vizuální a slovní reprezentací sociální (edukační) reality. Text si tak neklade za cíl prezentovat výsledky realizovaného výzkumu, ale spíše obrací pozornost k metodologickým přístupům jako takovým.
Narcismus ve výchově a vzdělání
Authors: Podzimek Michal
Published: May 2018

V důsledku procesu individualizace se postmoderní společnost stala svědkem významného hodnotového posunu. Tradiční koncepce vzdělávání se v tomto smyslu také jeví jakožto problematická. Škola se stala jednou z nejdůležitějších sociálních institucí, ve které tráví žák svůj čas v roli obsluhovaného klienta, uspokojovaného v jeho potřebách. Tento druh vztahu podporuje fenomén narcismu, který deformuje postoj k vnějšímu světu. Vybrané studie americké provenience ukazují pedagogický pohled na narcistický fenomén jako na nový trend, protože kulturní narcismus je součástí současné transformace západní společnosti a v budoucnu se může stát i fenoménem globálním. Studie se snaží podpořit promýšlení realizace dalších pedagogických výzkumů vzdělávání, které jsou na evropské úrovni velmi potřebné.
Heroic Śāktism and the Myths of Civilization
Authors: Sarkar Bihani
Published: May 2018

This chapter begins the third part of the book, which aims to present the belief systems and ritual practices associated with Durgā. Through these beliefs, which conveyed the myth of civilization and imperial kingship for independent rulers to cultivate, the cult made itself meaningful to its adherents. Among beliefs of heroic Śāktism there was, firstly, the belief that a goddess had granted investiture to a king, secondly, the belief that a king defeated in battle would regain power through a goddess, and thirdly, the belief that a goddess was to be worshipped in times of war. These are expressed among various examples of literature from poetry to inscriptions, in versions of the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata that include scenes with Durgā aiding Rāma and the Pāṇḍava brothers, thereby showcasing her role in aiding the deserving hero. The chapter turns to the visual symbols and palladia whereby the relationship of king and goddess was made palpable for inhabitants of a kingdom, exploring rituals of goddess-empowered swords, crests, and fortresses, and chariot processions, whereby the protective, triumphant, militaristic and defensive aspects of Durgā's personality were manifested and enlivened within each and every aspect of a medieval city.
‘Innerer Betrachtung gewidmet’: Alfred Heuss, the Zeitschrift für Musik, and the music journal as community
Authors: Attfield Nicholas
Published: May 2018

As editor of Schumann’s Neue Zeitschrift für Musik during the 1920s, and thus one of Germany’s most eminent music critics, Alfred Heuss denigrated the sexualized, ‘soulless’, and decadent aspects of new German music—including that of Hans Pfitzner, Richard Strauss, and Paul Hindemith. He attacked composers and critics alike, with overtly anti-Semitic rejections of Schreker, Bekker, and Adolf Aber, who, he claimed, normalized these kinds of ‘un-German’ musical activities. As this chapter details, Heuss’s project was to wield his own music-critical Vermengungspolitik (‘politics of mass influence’), using his journal to oppose the decadence of the contemporary musical environment and advocating pre-nineteenth-century principles of order and propriety. Published over two years, a new regular column, ‘Dedicated to Inner Reflection’, encouraged readers to engage with works of Heuss’s Leipzig teacher, Hermann Kretzschmar, emphasizing an ‘inner’ musical essence tied to the gestural language of the eighteenth century, and a moral (profoundly ‘German’) rectitude.
Working towards the Third Reich
Authors: Attfield Nicholas
Published: May 2018

The epilogue contributes to efforts to map continuities in musical thought between the Weimar and Nazi eras, and deals with issues of advocacy. There was not the straightforward rise to influence that is sometimes implied. Walter Abendroth had to overcome Pfitzner’s cantankerousness and fast-fading relevance. Heuss’s work was paraded by Fritz Stege in both the Zeitschrift für Musik and Rosenberg’s Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur (‘Combat League for German Culture’). The Austrian musicologist Robert Haas encountered resistance against the project that, above all, symbolized his intended mediation of the Nazi party, the Austrian National Library, and the International Bruckner Society: the ‘complete edition’ of the composer’s scores. Gustav Wyneken transformed his image of Halm from the cosmopolitan socialist and impassioned music critic of the early 1920s and emphasized Halm’s place in the national pantheon of ignored symphonic composers. Halm became the latest composer-leader in a tradition of syntheses towards which his own work on the ‘third culture’ had pointed.
Epilogue: Ramsey’s Ubiquitous Pragmatism
Authors: Price Huw
Published: May 2018

Ramsey’s late piece ‘General Propositions and Causality’ (GPC) begins with a discussion of the logical status of unrestricted generalizations—claims of the form ‘(x)F(x)’. Ramsey argues against his own earlier view that a sentence of this form should be treated as an infinite conjunction. However, as he puts it, ‘if it isn’t a conjunction, it isn’t a proposition at all’. He goes on to put causal judgements in the same non-propositional box, noting that what he has offered is a ‘psychological analysis’ of causal judgement, not a metaphysics of causation—the later, he thinks, turns out to be the wrong mode of inquiry in this case. In modern terms, what Ramsey has sketched is a pragmatist or expressivist view of causation. This chapter relates Ramsey to later manifestations of the same pragmatist move, in Cambridge and elsewhere, and discusses the question whether Ramsey himself does or should think that this pragmatism is a ‘global’ view, applicable to all our judgements.
Introduction: Desert Island Discs in context
Authors: Brown Julie , Cook Nicholas , Cottrell Stephen
Published: May 2018

This chapter provides an overview of the long-standing and highly popular British radio programme Desert Island Discs (DID). It sets out the historical contexts in which the programme was established and developed, and interrogates both its changing format and the meanings and values that have been associated with DID over time. Developments in the production process are also assessed, including the impact of various presenters and the selection of castaways, as well as the programme’s place in broader media culture and its relationship to particular national identities. Finally, it considers the potential value of DID to the world of scholarship, particularly following the establishment in 2011 of the programme’s online archive, and the contribution of chapter authors to the realisation of that potential.
Desert Island Discs and British emotional life
Authors: Hendy David
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores how Desert Island Discs has responded over time to an increasing public appetite for openness and honesty. One of the programme’s presenters once said it was ‘properly impressed by power, wealth and ambition, but … knows that the world is made up of more than that’. This spoke to a longer-term revolution in modern life, as outlined by historians of the emotions: an increasing informality of manners, especially in broadcast talk. How did the BBC navigate these trends in a series that had long been a byword for decorum? And what did Radio 4 listeners think of its new willingness in the 1980s and 1990s to probe guests more deeply? Drawing on unpublished BBC records and Mass Observation archives, this chapter focuses on how desire for openness over private lives and feelings—and the anxieties this prompted—was negotiated behind the scenes at crucial moments in its history.