bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Illusions Are More Inconsistent Than Others
Authors: Smeets Jeroen B. J. , Brenner Eli
Published: May 2019

Illusions are characterized by inconsistencies. For instance, in the motion aftereffect, we see motion without an equivalent change in position. We used a simple pencil-and-paper experiment to determine whether illusions that influence an object’s apparent size give rise to equivalent changes in apparent positions along the object’s outline. We found different results for two equally strong size illusions. The Ebbinghaus illusion affected perceived positions in a way that was consistent with its influence on perceived size, but a modified diagonal illusion did not affect perceived positions. This difference between the illusions might explain why there are so many conflicting reports about the effects of size illusions on the maximum grip aperture during reach-to-grasp movements.
Automatic Detection of Major Freeway Congestion Events using Wireless Traffic Sensor Data: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Aliari Sanaz , Sadabadi Kaveh F.
Published: May 2019

Monitoring the dynamics of traffic in major corridors can provide invaluable insight for traffic planning purposes. An important requirement for this monitoring is the availability of methods to automatically detect major traffic events and to annotate the abundance of travel data. This paper introduces a machine learning-based approach for reliable detection and characterization of highway traffic congestion events from hundreds of hours of traffic speed data. Indeed, the proposed approach is a generic approach for detection of changes in any given time series, which is the wireless traffic sensor data in the present study. The speed data is initially time-windowed by a 10 h-long sliding window and fed into three neural networks that are used to detect the existence and duration of congestion events (slowdowns) in each window. The sliding window captures each slowdown event multiple times and results in increased confidence in congestion detection. The training and parameter tuning are performed on 17,483 h of data that include 168 slowdown events. These data are collected and labeled as part of the ongoing probe data validation studies at the Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies at the University of Maryland. The neural networks are carefully trained to reduce the chances of over-fitting to the training data. The experimental results show that this approach is able to successfully detect most of the congestion events, while significantly outperforming a heuristic rule-based approach. Moreover, the proposed approach is shown to be more accurate in estimation of the start time and end time of the congestion events.
Osteoblast response to nanostructured and phosphorus-enhanced titanium anodization surfaces
Authors: Jain Sakshi , Williamson R Scott , Janorkar Amol V , Griggs Jason A , Roach Michael D
Published: May 2019

Titanium surface modification by anodization has been shown to promote bone formation. However, interactions between anodized layers and bone cells depend upon the anodized layer surface composition and morphology. The present study evaluated the effect of anodized layer phosphorus content, crystallinity, surface porosity, and roughness on the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast response. Commercially pure titanium specimens were anodized in two mixed-acid electrolytes to final forming voltages of 108 V and 180 V. The oxide crystallinity, surface porosity, surface roughness, and elemental composition of each specimen type were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses. Osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization were assessed using optical and fluorescence microscopy, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and alizarin red assays. Oxide crystallinity and surface roughness increased with anodization forming voltage in each electrolyte. Phosphorus (P) uptake increased with forming voltage in the phosphoric acid containing electrolyte. The total protein assay showed P-incorporated, low surface pore density oxides to exhibit initially delayed proliferation compared to non-P containing high surface pore density oxides. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin assays showed trends of early differentiation and maturation for P-incorporated, low surface pore density oxides compared to non-P containing high surface pore density oxides. Highly crystalline anodized layers were shown to induce enhanced mineralization compared to non-anodized titanium specimens. Overall, the biochemical influence of P-incorporation into the oxide layers showed trends of earlier osteoblast differentiation and maturation. The combination of P-incorporation, an anatase phase oxide, a low surface pore density, and a high surface roughness showed the highest mineralization levels.
An Empty Seat at the Table: Examining General and Special Education Teacher Collaboration in Response to Intervention
Authors: Gomez-Najarro Joyce
Published: May 2019

Response to Intervention (RTI) may create an opportunity for equitable approaches to special education evaluation, in part, through collaboration among general and special education teachers, who can combine their areas of expertise to better understand how to serve students’ unique academic needs, particularly in underresourced schools serving diverse learners. Historically ineffective attempts to improve collaboration between general and special education, however, may pose challenges to effective RTI implementation. In this study, the author uses Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) to examine how RTI implementation and the intersection of other context-specific conditions impact the way general and special educators work together at one public elementary school serving a large population of diverse learners. Findings indicate that, outside of referral meetings, RTI implementation was primarily a general education endeavor. The results hold implications for the way teacher education programs prepare general and special candidates to foster collaborative approaches to RTI in unique K-12 contexts.
Risky Business? Manufacturer and Retailer Action to Remove Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemicals From Consumer Products
Authors: Cousins Elicia Mayuri , Richter Lauren , Cordner Alissa , Brown Phil , Diallo Sokona
Published: May 2019

In the absence of comprehensive environmental regulation, under what conditions can social movement pressure on the private sector generate substantive change? We explore this question in relation to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals that are widely used in consumer products and industrial processes yet remain largely understudied and weakly regulated. This paper focuses on the strengths and limitations of one high-profile shame campaign by Greenpeace that has called for clothing and outdoor brands to eliminate PFAS from their products. We find that while the campaign appears to have spurred widespread awareness of PFAS in the apparel industry, corporate action remains fragmented and leaves broader environmental and social justice concerns unaddressed. We highlight the urgent need for comprehensive federal regulation for toxic chemicals, increased funding for green chemistry, and collaborative governance of global production networks.
Addressing the Opioid Crisis One Surgical Patient at a Time: Outcomes of a Novel Perioperative Pain Program
Authors: Shechter Ronen , Speed Traci J. , Blume Erin , Singh Sarabdeep , Williams Kayode , Koch Colleen G. , Hanna Marie N.
Published: May 2019

Opioid prescriptions in the surgical setting have been implicated as contributors to the opioid epidemic. The authors hypothesized that a multidisciplinary approach to perioperative pain management for patients on chronic opioid therapy could decrease postoperative opioid requirements while reducing postoperative pain scores and improving functional outcomes. Therefore, a Perioperative Pain Program (PPP) for chronic opioid users was implemented. This study presents outcomes from the first 9 months of the PPP. Sixty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. Opioid consumption in morphine milligram equivalent (MME) was calculated and physical and health status of patients was assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Short Form-12. Preliminary results showed significant reduction in MME, improved pain scores, and improved function for surgical patients on chronic opioids. PPP effectively reduced opioid usage without negatively influencing patient-reported outcomes, such as physical pain score assessment and health-related quality of life.
The Experience of Men Whose Partners Have Postpartum Depression
Authors: Ierardi Janet A. , Fantasia Heidi Collins , Mawn Barbara , Watson Driscoll Jeanne
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: The correlation of paternal depressive symptomatology to maternal postpartum depression can approach 50%. Paternal depression during a female partner’s postpartum time period can include feelings of fear, confusion, frustration, anger, helplessness, and lack of support. There are only a few published studies that address the interaction between paternal and maternal mental health during the postpartum period. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of men whose partners had postpartum depression as a foundation for intervention and program development. METHOD: This qualitative study used a descriptive phenomenological approach. A purposive sample of 10 men who lived with a partner diagnosed with postpartum depression was recruited via flier postings in mental health clinics, a perinatal mental health email listserv, and word-of-mouth. Single, audiotape-recorded interviews were completed. Qualitative data analysis was used to reduce initial coding to final themes that described participant experiences. RESULTS: The participants described efforts to provide support and care for their families; their efforts not to make things worse; their fears, anxieties, and physical responses; and the isolation associated with not knowing how to ask for help. The five themes included needing to support partners, maintaining stability, experiencing mutual symptoms, feeling isolated, and providing insight for others. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is known to have a negative effect on all members of a family. It is imperative that fathers’ experiences are understood in order to fill this gap in caring for families.
Fundamental solutions for two-dimensional anisotropic thermo-magneto-electro-elasticity
Authors: Hwu Chyanbin , Hsu Chung-Lei , Hsu Chia-Wei , Shiah YC
Published: May 2019

In this paper, with the consideration of thermal effects, eight equally important systems of constitutive laws generally used to describe anisotropic magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials are all considered. We provide simple mathematical relations to convert any one of the eight equation sets to the other seven sets. The equivalent reduced properties for two-dimensional analysis are obtained for eight possible different plane states of MEE solids. Complex variable Stroh formalism is used to derive the fundamental solution for two-dimensional thermo-MEE analysis. By using the identities of Stroh formalism, the complex form solution can be converted into real form. With the real form fundamental solution, the trouble induced by the multi-valued complex logarithmic function is circumvented and the extra line integral that appears in the thermal analysis of the boundary element method (BEM) can be eliminated. Thus, the temperature information inside the domain required by the extra line integral can be avoided, and a truly BEM for thermo-MEE analysis is achieved for the first time in the literature. The influence of heat source represented by the heat generation rate is also considered in our formulation. Verification of our solution is made by comparison with the analytical solution and the solution obtained by BEM using complex form solution with extra line integral as well as the solution by commercial finite element software ANSYS.
Cystic Crypt Changes in Midgestational Human Vermiform Appendix: An Unrecognized Transient Histologic Feature
Authors: Carreon Chrystalle Katte , Ruchelli Eduardo D , Mihok Christina , Huff Dale S
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Lewis and Huff briefly described the presence of “microcystic cryptitis” in some of fetal vermiform appendices (VA) at autopsy. We further characterized these crypt changes (CC), their timing of occurrence, and tested their association with infection/inflammatory conditions.

Methods

Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 345 VA were evaluated for the presence or absence of CC and their different morphologies. Autopsy reports were reviewed for evidence of amniotic fluid or fetal systemic infection and placental inflammatory conditions.

Results

Crypt dilatation with or without irregularity of the lumen, crypt dilatation with semiattenuated epithelium, intraluminal apoptotic debris and inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and foci of swirled spindled cells with calcifications or multinucleated giant cells were observed, either alone or in combination, in at least 58.5% (202/345) of the VA. CC began to appear at 17 weeks, peaked at 20 to 25 weeks (with up to 82% of VA exhibiting CC during this time), and followed by a steady decline beyond 28 weeks gestation. χ2 test of independence showed no significant association ( P = .435; >0.05) between the presence and absence of CC and infection status of the fetus or placenta.

Conclusion

The underrecognized CC of the developing fetal vermiform appendix (VA) showed distinct temporal pattern of occurrence and did not seem to be affected by the presence or absence of infection, which so far favored their being a part of the normal gut developmental process.
The LQG/LTR control method for turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed based on torsional vibration suppression
Authors: Wang Yong , Zheng Qiangang , Zhang Haibo , Chen Mingyang
Published: May 2019

In order to realize the rapid response control for turboshaft engine during the process of variable rotor speed, the linear quadratic Gaussian with loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) control method for turboshaft engine based on torsional vibration suppression is proposed. Firstly, the two-speed dual clutch transmission model is applied to realize the variable rotor speed of helicopter. Then, based on the state variable model of turboshaft engine, the proper LQG/LTR controller is available. In order to eliminate the limitation of low-order torsional vibration on the bandwidth of LQG/LTR controller, a frequency-domain analysis method for the effect of torsional vibration suppression on LQG/LTR controller performance is developed. Finally, the numerical simulation is conducted to verify the LQG/LTR control for turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed based on torsional vibration suppression. The results show that the bandwidth of the LQG/LTR control loop can increase by 2–3 times under torsional vibration suppression. Meanwhile, when the rotor speed varies continuously by 40%, the overshoot and sag of the power turbine speed can decrease to less than 2% through LQG/LTR controller based on torsional vibration suppression, which achieves the rapid response control of the turboshaft engine.
Enhancing Community-Based Participatory Research Through Human-Centered Design Strategies
Authors: Chen Elizabeth , Leos Cristina , Kowitt Sarah D. , Moracco Kathryn E.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast the values, purpose, processes, and outcomes of human-centered design (HCD) and community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches to address public health issues and to provide recommendations for how HCD can be incorporated into CBPR partnerships and projects. Review Process. By consulting published literature, source materials, and experts on both approaches, a team of researchers completed a three-phased process of synthesizing key similarities and differences between HCD and CBPR and generating recommendations for ways to integrate HCD strategies in CBPR projects. Results. There are five HCD strategies that can be readily incorporated into CBPR projects to improve outcomes: (1) form transdisciplinary teams, (2) center empathy, (3) recruit and work with “extreme users,” (4) rapidly prototype, and (5) create tangible products or services. Conclusions. Integrating HCD in CBPR projects may lead to solutions that potentially have greater reach, are more readily adopted, are more effective, and add innovation to public health services, products, and policies.
Magnetic nanoparticles application in the textile industry—A review
Authors: Shahidi Sheila
Published: May 2019

Magnetic nanoparticles have good potential application in textile, environmental, and waste water treatment cause for their unique properties such as large surface areas, size and shape-dependent catalytic properties. Magnetic nanoparticles can be used alone or to be one of a mixed matrix membrane. Smaller particle size provides a higher reactivity. But toxicity, recovery, and stability of these particles are important, and surface modification of these magnetic nanoparticles can reduce these anxieties. The properties and application of these nanoparticles in the textile industry are discussed in this review paper.
An indoor Wi-Fi access points localization algorithm based on improved path loss model parameter calculation method and recursive partition
Authors: Liu Wenyan , Luo Xiangyang , Mu Qing , Liu Yimin , Liu Fenlin
Published: May 2019

The localization accuracy of the existing methods for indoor Wi-Fi access points ranging-based localization depends on the accuracy of the received signal strength measured. Because the existing ranging-based methods are interfered by various indoor environmental factors, it is difficult to accurately measure the received signal strength, which leads to the problem of low localization accuracy of the indoor Wi-Fi access points. An indoor Wi-Fi access points localization algorithm based on improved path loss model parameter calculation method and recursive partition is proposed in this article. The algorithm recursively partitions the region where the target Wi-Fi access points are located according to the idea of quadtree partition, and partitions it into same sub-grids, which is sequentially performed until the sub-grids are smaller than the set threshold. The detection device is used at the detection location of the grids to measure the received signal strength, which is from the detection points to the target access point, the grid center point is used as the location of the candidate target access point, the parameters in the path loss model are calculated by using the signal strength differences between the detection points, and then the distances between the detection points and the target access point are calculated by using the signal strength values from the detection points to the target access point. Finally, the location of the target access point is estimated by executing a localization algorithm, and the location of the grid center point closest to the target access point is taken as the location of the target access point. The experimental results show that under the premise that the target access point can be found, the proposed algorithm reduces the use of the device and improves the localization accuracy compared with the typical localization method.
Design, fabrication, and evaluation of a passive deployment mechanism for deployable space telescope
Authors: Choi Junwoo , Lee Dongkyu , Hwang Kukha , Kim Byungkyu
Published: May 2019

This article presents a high precise deployment mechanism for a deployable space telescope to facilitate satellite miniaturization. It is designed with a passive deployment mechanism utilizing a spring hinge. In particular, the customized modules and an assembly jig are specifically designed to reduce alignment errors. To confirm the feasibility of the designed mechanism, three alignment errors that influence the optical performance of the structure—tilt, de-center, and de-space—are theoretically analyzed for quarter, half, and full model, respectively. In the case of quarter model, significant results are obtained as a tilt of 21.12 µrad, a de-center of 2.20 µm, and a de-space of 1.71 µm. Based on the theoretical analysis, a deployment mechanism of the quarter model is fabricated, and the alignments of the deployment mechanism are experimentally investigated with a measurement platform consisting of five non-contact-based laser displacement sensors. In addition, the influence of gravity on the alignment error is analyzed and compensated by investigating the tendency of the alignment error according to the rotation degree of the measurement model for the direction of gravity. As a result of the gravity compensation, the proposed mechanism gives acceptable alignment errors as a tilt of 30.04 µrad, de-center of 8.92 µm, and de-space of 4.03 µm, which are controllable by employing the conventional focusing mechanism.
Combined intravenous and endovascular treatment versus primary mechanical thrombectomy. The Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke
Authors: Casetta Ilaria , Pracucci Giovanni , Saletti Andrea , Saia Valentina , Padroni Marina , De Vito Alessandro , Inzitari Domenico , Zini Andrea , Vallone Stefano , Bergui Mauro , Cerrato Paolo , Bracco Sandra , Tassi Rossana , Gandini Roberto , Sallustio Fabrizio , Piano Mariangela , Motto Cristina , Spina Paolino La , Vinci Sergio L , Causin Francesco , Baracchini Claudio , Gasparotti Roberto , Magoni Mauro , Castellan Lucio , Serrati Carlo , Mangiafico Salvatore , Toni Danilo ,   on behalf of the The Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke
Published: May 2019

Background

Whether mechanical thrombectomy alone may achieve better or at least equal clinical outcome than mechanical thrombectomy combined with intravenous thrombolysis is a matter of debate.

Methods

From the Italian Registry of Endovascular Stroke Treatment, we extracted all cases treated with intravenous thrombolysis followed by mechanical thrombectomy or with primary mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke due to proximal vessel occlusion. We included only patients who would have qualified for intravenous thrombolysis. We compared outcomes of the two groups by using multivariate regression analysis and propensity score method.

Results

We included 1148 patients, treated with combined intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy therapy (n = 635; 55.3%), or with mechanical thrombectomy alone (n = 513; 44.7%). Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics did not differ between the two groups, except for a shorter onset to groin puncture time (p < 0.05) in the mechanical thrombectomy group. A shift in the 90-day modified Rankin Scale distributions toward a better outcome was found in favor of the combined treatment (adjusted common odds ratio  = 1.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.66). Multivariate analyses on binary outcome show that subjects who underwent combined treatment had higher probability to survive with modified Rankin Scale 0–3 (odds ratio = 1.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.95) and lower case fatality rate (odds ratio = 0.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.9). Hemorrhagic transformation did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion

These data seem to indicate that combined intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy could be associated with lower probability of death or severe dependency after three months from stroke due to large vessel occlusion, supporting the current guidelines of treating eligible patients with intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy.
Sentinel Node Biopsy in Young Patients with Atypical Melanocytic Tumors of the Head and Neck
Authors: Pfau David , Tamaki Akina , Hoppe Kathryn R. , Honda Kord , Rezaee Rod , Zender Chad A.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To examine the diagnostic value of the sentinel lymph node biopsy in pediatric through young adult head and neck melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Single academic institution.

Subjects and Methods

Demographics, histology, and outcomes were examined in 14 patients aged 4 to 24 years with head and neck melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential. Information on age at diagnosis, primary lesion characteristics, and sentinel lymph node biopsy were compared.

Results

Of 14 patients meeting criteria for head and neck melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential, 8 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (57%). Of those, 4 biopsies (50%) had positive sentinel nodes. All patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy had primary lesions greater than 1 mm depth or mitotic rate of at least 1 mitosis per mm2. No patients had recurrence of their primary lesion at time of follow‐up.

Conclusion

Our data show a high rate of node‐positive sentinel lymph node biopsy for pediatric and young adult head and neck patients with melanocytic tumors of unknown malignant potential, supporting the value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in this population.
Marlim R3D: A realistic model for controlled-source electromagnetic simulations — Phase 2: The controlled-source electromagnetic data set
Authors: Correa Jorlivan L. , Menezes Paulo T. L.
Published: May 2019

Synthetic data provided by geoelectric earth models are a powerful tool to evaluate a priori a controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) workflow effectiveness. Marlim R3D (MR3D) is an open-source complex and realistic geoelectric model for CSEM simulations of the postsalt turbiditic reservoirs at the Brazilian offshore margin. We have developed a 3D CSEM finite-difference time-domain forward study to generate the full-azimuth CSEM data set for the MR3D earth model. To that end, we fabricated a full-azimuth survey with 45 towlines striking the north–south and east–west directions over a total of 500 receivers evenly spaced at 1 km intervals along the rugged seafloor of the MR3D model. To correctly represent the thin, disconnected, and complex geometries of the studied reservoirs, we have built a finely discretized mesh of [Formula: see text] cells leading to a large mesh with a total of approximately 90 million cells. We computed the six electromagnetic field components (Ex, Ey, Ez, Hx, Hy, and Hz) at six frequencies in the range of 0.125–1.25 Hz. In our efforts to mimic noise in real CSEM data, we summed to the data a multiplicative noise with a 1% standard deviation. Both CSEM data sets (noise free and noise added), with inline and broadside geometries, are distributed for research or commercial use, under the Creative Common License, at the Zenodo platform.
A Boltzmann machine for high-resolution prestack seismic inversion
Authors: Phan Son Dang Thai , Sen Mrinal K.
Published: May 2019

Seismic inversion is one popular approach that aims at predicting some indicative properties to support the geologic interpretation process. Existing inversion techniques indicate weaknesses when dealing with complex geologic area, where the uncertainties arise from the guiding model, which are provided by the interpreters. We have developed a prestack seismic inversion algorithm using a machine-learning algorithm called the Boltzmann machine. Unlike common inversion approaches, this stochastic neural network does not require a starting model at the beginning of the process to guide the solution; however, low-frequency models are required to convert the inversion-derived reflectivity terms to the absolute elastic P- and S-impedance as well as density. Our algorithm incorporates a single-layer Hopfield neural network whose neurons can be treated as the desired reflectivity terms. The optimization process seeks the global minimum solution by combining the network with a stochastic model update from the mean-field annealing algorithm. Also, we use a Z-shaped sample sorting scheme and the first-order Tikhonov regularization to improve the lateral continuity of the results and to stabilize the inversion process. The algorithm is applied to a field 2D data set to invert for high-resolution indicative P- and S-impedance sections to better capture some features away from the reservoir zone. The resulting models are strongly supported by the well results and reveal some realistic features that are not clearly displayed in the model-based deterministic inversion result. In combination with well-log analyses, the new features appear to be a good prospect for hydrocarbon.
Kirrel2 is differentially required in populations of olfactory sensory neurons for the targeting of axons in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Vaddadi Neelima , Iversen Katrine , Raja Reesha , Phen Alina , Brignall Alexandra , Dumontier Emilie , Cloutier Jean-François
Published: May 2019

The formation of olfactory maps in the olfactory bulb (OB) is crucial for the control of innate and learned mouse behaviours. Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a specific odorant receptor project axons into spatially conserved glomeruli within the OB and synapse onto mitral cell dendrites. Combinatorial expression of members of the Kirrel family of cell adhesion molecules has been proposed to regulate OSN axonal coalescence (Serizawa et al., 2006), however, loss-of-function experiments have yet to establish their requirement in this process. We examined projections of several OSN populations in mice lacking Kirrel2 alone, or both Kirrel2 and Kirrel3. Our results show that Kirrel2 and Kirrel3 are dispensable for the coalescence of MOR1-3-expressing OSN axons to the most dorsal region (DI) of the OB. In contrast, loss of Kirrel2 caused MOR174-9 and M72-expressing OSN axons, projecting to the DII region, to target ectopic glomeruli. Our loss-of-function approach demonstrates that Kirrel2 is required for axonal coalescence in subsets of OSNs projecting axons to the DII region and reveals that Kirrel2/3-independent mechanisms also control OSN axonal coalescence in certain regions of the OB.
Increased levels of synaptic proteins involved in synaptic plasticity after chronic intraocular pressure elevation and modulation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a glaucoma animal model
Authors: Park Hae-Young Lopilly , Kim Si Won , Kim Jie Hyun , Park Chan Kee
Published: May 2019

The dendrites of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) synapse with the axon terminals of bipolar cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Changes in the RGC dendrites and synapses between the bipolar cells in the inner retinal layer may critically alter the function of RGCs in glaucoma. The present study attempted to discover changes in the synapse using brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after glaucoma induction by chronic intraocular pressure elevation in a rat model. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the BDNF-injected group had a significant increase in the level of synaptophysin, which is a presynaptic vesicle protein, in the innermost IPL compared with the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-injected group. SMI-32, which is a marker of RGCs, was colocalized with synaptophysin in RGC dendrites, and this colocalization significantly increased in the BDNF-injected group. After the induction of glaucoma, the BDNF-injected group exhibited increases in the total number of ribbon synapses, as seen using electron microscopy. Expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and F-actin, which are key molecules involved in synaptic changes were upregulated after BDNF injection. These initial findings show the capability of BDNF to induce beneficial synaptic changes in glaucoma.
A Roman financier's Version of Euergetism: C. Vibius Salutaris and Ephesos
Authors: Kokkinia Christina
Published: May 2019

Based on a close study of the text of the epigraphic dossier IEph 1a 27, dated 104 CE, that once covered an entire wall at Ephesos’ theatre and is now in the British Museum and, in addition, on the evidence of other inscriptions relating to C. Vibius Salutaris, this paper argues that: contrary to a widely held view, Salutaris was not an Ephesian by birth; that the terms of his foundation gave him absolute control over the foundation’s capital; that the objects donated and the rituals in which they featured were so designed as to bestow disproportionately great honor on the founder. Salutaris’ interpretation of euergetism was unconventional and his gifts to Ephesos would most likely have sunk in oblivion, were it not for his connections to representatives of the Roman state, and, most importantly, for his foundation’s successful advertising of Ephesos’ attachment to Rome.
BiocPkgTools: Toolkit for mining the Bioconductor package ecosystem
Authors: Su Shian , Carey Vincent J. , Shepherd Lori , Ritchie Matthew , Morgan Martin T. , Davis Sean
Published: May 2019

Motivation: The Bioconductor project, a large collection of open source software for the comprehension of large-scale biological data, continues to grow with new packages added each week, motivating the development of software tools focused on exposing package metadata to developers and users. The resulting BiocPkgTools package facilitates access to extensive metadata in computable form covering the Bioconductor package ecosystem, facilitating downstream applications such as custom reporting, data and text mining of Bioconductor package text descriptions, graph analytics over package dependencies, and custom search approaches.

Results: The BiocPkgTools package has been incorporated into the Bioconductor project, installs using standard procedures, and runs on any system supporting R. It provides functions to load detailed package metadata, longitudinal package download statistics, package dependencies, and Bioconductor build reports, all in "tidy data" form. BiocPkgTools can convert from tidy data structures to graph structures, enabling graph-based analytics and visualization. An end-user-friendly graphical package explorer aids in task-centric package discovery. Full documentation and example use cases are included.

Availability: The BiocPkgTools software and complete documentation are available from Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/BiocPkgTools).
Solid Supported Peptide Catalyst for the Synthesis of Flavanone and Azaflavanones
Authors: Sakirolla Raghavendra , Lee Yean Kee , Macharla Venkataramana
Published: May 2019

A variety of flavanones and azaflavanones have been synthesised from chalcones, catalysed by 30 mol% solid support proline terminal peptide, which is mildly efficient with high conversions yields and could be recycled up to three times without significant loss in its activity.Keywords: , Solid Support Peptide Catalyst, Reusable Catalyst, Cyclisation, Flavanones
The Coevolution of Objects and Boundaries over Time: Materiality, Affordances, and Boundary Salience
Authors: Leonardi Paul M. , Bailey Diane E. , Pierce Casey S.
Published: May 2019

Diane E. Bailey is an associate professor at the School of Information at the University of Texas at Austin, where she studies technology and work in information and technical occupations. Her research interests include work and artificial intelligence, computational technologies in engineering design, remote occupational socialization, and Information and Communications Technologies for Development (ICT4D).
Block GLT Sequences: Matrix Functions and Engineering Application
Authors: Garoni Carlo , Serra-Capizzano Stefano
Published: May 2019

The theory of block generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences is a powerful apparatus for computing the spectral distribution of block-structured matrices arising from the discretization of differential problems, with a special reference to systems of differential equations (DEs) and to the higher-order finite element or discontinuous Galerkin approximation of both scalar and vectorial DEs. In the present paper, the theory of block GLT sequences is extended by proving that $\{f(A_n)\}_n$ is a block GLT sequence as long as $f$ is continuous and $\{A_n\}_n$ is a block GLT sequence formed by Hermitian matrices. It is also provided a relevant application of this result to the computation of the distribution of the numerical eigenvalues obtained from the higher-order isogeometric Galerkin discretization of second-order variable-coefficient differential eigenvalue problems (a topic of interest not only in numerical analysis but also in engineering).
Untitled: Women’s clothing and ageing femininity in the portraits of Chaim Soutine
Authors: Franklin Louise
Published: May 2019

Chaim Soutine’s (1893–1943) representation of clothes in his portraits has attracted very little scholarly or curatorial attention to date. For the first time in the near century of literature that has accumulated about the artist, this article discusses the women in Soutine’s portraits, focussing on their clothing and age, and ageing femininity more generally as a subject within Soutine’s practice. The status and fashions of women in inter-war France provide a context to demonstrate that youth, newness and fashionableness were not subjects for the artist, who instead favoured white women of middle- to older-age wearing their ‘Sunday best’ as his models. His practice of framing, containing and presenting women for inspection is also demonstrated for the first time, as well as the nuanced balance he strikes between accurately representing the details of studied garments and intensely working wider areas of colour in the same painting. The article’s wider conclusion is that acknowledgement of the complexity and rigour of Soutine’s art – including his detailed depiction of his sitters’ clothing – has consistently been blocked by the image of Soutine as purely expressionistic, uncontrolled painter, an image that must be released if new analysis of his work, such as that undertaken in this article, is going to take place.
A sense of forgetting and remembering: Memories of smell and clothing
Authors: Macindoe Julie
Published: May 2019

This article gives focus to the residue of smell in the everyday, dressed experience. Through collected narratives and memories, the research uncovers some of the personal and shared practices in negotiating smell and clothing: The smell of a father’s jacket acts as a reconciliation, and in its transferral of ownership, constructs an identity. A jumper, sprayed with the promise and artifice of fragrance, forms an aroma of deception to negate a visual appearance. And a traveller’s wardrobe reminds that smelly clothing is not a socially neutral experience but a negotiation of our sense of self. Embedding smell in the material context of clothing brings smell beyond the fleshy surface to the dressed body, provoking decisions to forget or remember the body that once inhabited its materiality.
Staging representations: Reflections on performing activism in a visual art and theatre collaboration
Authors: Listengarten Julia , Watson Keri
Published: May 2019

This article explores sites of possibility for addressing the current refugee crisis through artistic collaborations and asks how we as artists negotiate artistic mediums to foster a collective dialogue about ethics of representation concerning migrant bodies and mediatized images of violence and destruction. In winter 2018, University of Central Florida’s Schools of Visual and Performing Arts offered interdisciplinary programming that addressed issues of exile, displacement and Otherness. The gallery exhibition Finding Home: The Global Refugee Crisis brought together fourteen artists from around the world whose work addresses themes including borders as geographical and symbolic dividing lines, displacement and asylum seeking, refugee camps and detention centres, and immigration and resettlement. The theatre production of David Edgar’s Pentecost and the staged reading of The Refugee Plays interweaved the past with the present to challenge how society responds to a refugee crisis and treats ‘precarious bodies’ of the displaced and wounded. This article considers the ways in which this collaboration united the visual and performing arts, decolonized the institution, adapted, transformed and negotiated media, performed difference and diversity, and demonstrated the ability of the arts to act for social justice.
The Swiss Confederation
Authors: Mugnier Clifford J.
Published: May 2019

The Grids & Datums column has completed an exploration of
every country on the Earth. For those who did not get to enjoy this
world tour the first time, PE&RS is reprinting prior articles from
the column. This month's article on the Swiss Confederation was
originally printed in 2001 but contains updates to their coordinate
system since then
RoofN3D: A Database for 3D Building Reconstruction with Deep Learning
Authors: Wichmann Andreas , Agoub Amgad , Schmidt Valentina , Kada Martin
Published: May 2019

Machine learning methods, in particular those based on deep learning, have gained in importance through the latest development of artificial intelligence and computer hardware. However, the direct application of deep learning methods to improve the results of 3D building reconstruction
is often not possible due, for example, to the lack of suitable training data. To address this issue, we present RoofN3D which provides a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud training dataset that can be used to train machine learning models for different tasks in the context of 3D building
reconstruction. The details about RoofN3D and the developed framework to automatically derive such training data are described in this paper. Furthermore, we provide an overview of other available 3D point cloud training data and approaches from current literature in which solutions for the
application of deep learning to 3D point cloud data are presented. Finally, we exemplarily demonstrate how the provided data can be used to classify building roofs with the PointNet framework.
Through-Water Dense Image Matching for Shallow Water Bathymetry
Authors: Mandlburger Gottfried
Published: May 2019

The introduction of Dense Image Matching (DIM) has reactivated the interest in photogrammetric surface mapping, as it allows the derivation of Digital Elevation Models with a spatial resolution in the range of the ground sampling distance of the aerial images. While the primary field
of application is wide-area mapping of topography and urban scenes, charting bathymetry of clear and shallow water areas is equally feasible via application of multimedia photogrammetry. The article specifically investigates the potential of through-water DIM for high resolution mapping of
generally low textured shallow water areas using modern techniques like semiglobal matching and off-the-shelf software. In a case study, the DIM-derived underwater surfaces of coastal and inland water bodies are compared to concurrently acquired laser bathymetry data. With an achieved penetration
depth of more than 5 m and deviations in the dm-range compared to the laser data as reference, the results confirm the general feasibility of through-water DIM. However, sufficient bottom texture and favorable environmental conditions are a precondition for achieving accurate results.
STUDI KERENTANAN AIRTANAH TERHADAP PENCEMARAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DRASTIC PADA CEKUNGAN AIRTANAH (CAT) KARANGANYAR-BOYOLALI, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Putranto Thomas Triadi
Published: May 2019

Cekungan Airtanah (CAT) Karanganyar-Boyolali merupakan CAT yang terletak di Jawa Tengah yang terdiri dari Kota Surakarta, Kabupaten Semarang, Kabupaten Boyolali, Kabupaten Klaten, Kabupaten Karanganyar, Kabupaten Sragen, dan Kabupaten Wonogiri dengan luasan CAT sebesar 3.877km2. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan menganalisis kerentanan airtanah terhadap pencemaran secara spasial. Penilaian kerentanan airtanah terhadap kontaminan dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan metode DRASTIC. Metode DRASTIC merupakan metode pembobotan dari hasil berbagai macam parameter diantaranya yaitu : Kedalaman muka airtanah (D), Recharge (R), Media akuifer (A), Media tanah (S), Topography (T), Zona vadoze (I), dan Konduktivitas hidrolika (C). Dari hasil tumpeng tindih pembobotan setiap parameter, nantinya akan dijumlahkan untuk mendapatkan nilai rentang DRASTIC Indeks. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan rentang nilai DRASTIC Indeks (DI) dari 106-184 yang dibagi dalam empat tingakt kerentanan. Tingkat kerentanan sangat rendah memiliki nilai DI 106-120 dimana pada kerentanan sangat rendah memiliki sifat tidak memungkinkan terjadinya kontaminasi pencemaran. Daerah tingkat kerentanan rendah memiliki nilai DI 121-140 dimana pada tingkat kerentanan ini memiliki sifat dapat tercemar dengan intensitas kecil dikarenakan pembuangan sebagian kecil polutan yang dilakukan secara berkala.  Daerah tingkat kerentanan sedang memiliki nilai DI 141-150 dimana memiliki sifat dapat tercemar oleh sebagian polutan yang dibuang secara terus-menerus. Daerah tingkat kerentanan tinggi memiliki nilai DI 151-184 dimana pada tingkat pencemaran ini memiliki sifat dapat tercemar oleh semua polutan, kecuali memerlukan daya serap yang tinggi dan mudah berubah, dengan berbagai macam skenario.
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DI SALATIGA: Praktik, dan tantangan
Authors: Septiani Berliana Anggun , Arianie Dian Mita , Risman Via Fide Aditya Andi , Handayani Widhi , Kawuryan Istiarsi Saptuti Sri
Published: May 2019

The increase of solid waste production is a general problem in municipality, particularly of plastic waste. The durability, light-weight, anticorrosiveness, and inexpensiveness properties of plastic make it favorable to be used in daily life, including in Salatiga. However, plastic is one of some non-biodegradable materials that could lead to soil and water pollution as it contains toxic compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and organochlorine. Various studies in municipal solid waste management have been conducted. While those studies often applied various approaches separately, researches in regard to the role of stakeholders in municipal solid waste management are very limited. This study aims to explain the plastic waste management in Salatiga based on the role of the corresponding stakeholders. This qualitative study shows that there are four stakeholders who were involved in municipal plastic waste management in Salatiga. They were the households who generate wastes, the scavengers who sorts the wastes, Bank Sampah and collectors who have the same role in order to collect the wastes and treat the plastic wastes through reusing or recycling processes, and the government. Currently, efforts in waste treatment in Salatiga are focused on the system of collecting-tranferring-disposal mode, waste treatment by reuse and recycle processing, and landfilling. Reducing plastic consumption must take into account the sociocultural aspect and environmental awareness, as the people still interested to use plastic instead of using other materials in substitution. Finally, the role of government is central to educate the community in term of sorting activities and reducing waste production, build the capacity of Bank Sampah, and manage the role of scavengers and collectors. Other alternatives include creating synergy between the collectors and Bank Sampah, as well as ensuring final treatment of the unprocessed wastes disposed by collectors and Bank Sampah.