bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who has the greatest influence on adolescent gaming disorder: parents, teachers, or peers? An interpersonal relationships network model of gaming disorder
Authors: Tan Xinjie , Liu Chunlin , Yang WanJun , Hui Xiao , Zhang Ling , Chen Shuanghong , He Ying
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Gaming disorder (GD) in adolescents is associated with impaired interpersonal relationships, including those with parents, teachers and peers. However, the interpersonal relationships most strongly associated with GD-related maladaptive behaviors are not well established. This study aimed to investigate the associations between these three types of relationships and the manifestation of GD in adolescents.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 1920 Chinese adolescents participated in a survey that assessed interpersonal relationships (parent−child, teacher−student, and peer relationships) and demographic variables (e.g., gender, grade, duration of gaming), and 1414 participants were ultimately included. A network analysis approach was utilized to evaluate the key network metrics of edge weight and node centrality.

Results

The findings revealed that peer fear and inferiority (r = 0.12) and teacher−student conflict were most strongly correlated with GD, followed by parent−child conflict (r = 0.09). Peer fear and inferiority exhibited the highest strength centrality (0.84), followed by teacher−student conflict (0.83) and parent−child conflict (0.35). Moreover, the duration of gaming was significantly and positively correlated with GD (r = 0.19).

Conclusions

The present study underscores the significant role of conflict and rejection within interpersonal relationships, particularly among peers, in the manifestation of GD-related behaviors in Chinese adolescents.
Magnitude of enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea and antibiotic resistance of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated among children under 5 years of age in Bule Hora town, West Guji, Ethiopia
Authors: Ashenafi Girma , Tilahun Dagnamyelew , Aliyo Alqeer , Sisay Biruk
Published: October 2024

Background

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide among all ages, and one of the leading causes of poor health and premature death in the developing world. Microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites, are responsible for enteric infections among children. Excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs and poor infection control practices have transformed antimicrobial resistance into a serious threat to public health worldwide. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the prevalence of enteric pathogens and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens.

Objective

Assess the prevalence of enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea in children under 5 years at the Bule Hora Health Facility in 2021.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2021 to July 2021 in a Bule Hora Health Centre and Hospital. A total of 422 children with diarrhea were included in the study in the outpatient department. Sociodemographic and associated factors were evaluated using a pre-tested questionnaire. A sufficient amount of stool specimens was collected following standard microbiological procedures. An antigen detection kit was used to diagnose rotaviruses, parasites were examined using microscopy, and bacterial identification was carried out by culture and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The p-value less than 0.05 was declared statistically significant.

Results

The overall prevalence of enteropathogens in children under 5 years of age was 17%, with no mixed infections detected. Of this, 7.8% of the children’s stool samples contained bacterial pathogens, 5% tested positive for rotavirus, and 4.2% contained intestinal parasites. Unprotected drinking water sources, poor carrier hand washing practices, and poor cleaning of utensils for child feeding were factors significantly associated with the prevalence of enteropathogens. Bacterial isolates have shown a high prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin.

Conclusion

Therefore, it is important to take steps to reduce the spread of enteric pathogens among children under 5 years practicing good hygiene, ensuring sanitation, and providing clean drinking water. We recommend performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests before prescribing treatment to children with diarrhea.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among medical students toward depression management: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wu Xiaolin , Li Mi , Wang Guoli , Liu Yan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Linxuan
Published: October 2024

Background

The prevalence of depression among university and college students in China is nearly one-quarter. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among medical students toward depression management. Depression, a significant public health issue, has a substantial impact on students, with a reported prevalence of 23.8% among university and college students in China.

Methods

This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2023 and October 2023 at three medical universities in China. A self-administered questionnaire collected demographic information and assessed medical students’ KAP on depression management.

Results

A total of 632 participants were enrolled in this study from three medical universities. Among them, 383 (60.60%) were female, and the participants were aged 20.17 years on average (SD ± 1.80). Most of their family members (521, 82.44%) were not in the medical profession. Using a validated 15-point knowledge scale, a 50-point attitude scale, and a 30-point practice scale, which covered areas such as symptom recognition, treatment approaches, and stigma related to depression, the mean knowledge, attitudes and practices scores were 10.55 ± 3.36 (possible range: 0–15), 41.72 ± 4.45 (possible range: 10–50) and 19.79 ± 5.44 (possible range: 6–30), respectively. Males had lower knowledge (p = 0.003). Only children had higher practice (p = 0.034). Urban residents had higher attitudes (p = 0.046). Higher income linked to better practice (p = 0.047). Freshmen scored higher across all KAP (p < 0.05). Medical family background linked to better knowledge (p = 0.005). The attitude scores were correlated with the practice scores (r = 0.403, p = 0.004). The structural equation model demonstrated that knowledge had direct effects on attitude and practice, as indicated by a path coefficient of 0.725 (p < 0.001) and 0.370 (p = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, attitude had direct effects on practices, with a path coefficient of 0.509 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The study revealed that medical students possessed sufficient knowledge and demonstrated active attitudes but exhibited limited practical skills in managing depression. In investigating the KAP of medical students, it is essential to integrate specific practical applications, such as role-playing scenarios and case studies, into the curriculum. These methods will emphasize the importance of knowledge, foster positive attitudes, and promote peer collaboration to enhance practical skills in depression management.
The continuum of gender-based violence experienced by migrant and refugee women in Canada: perspectives from key informants
Authors: Sisic Mia , Tastsoglou Evangelia , Dawson Myrna , Holtmann Catherine , Wilkinson Lori , Falconer Chantelle
Published: October 2024

Little research has been done on conceptualizing gender-based violence (GBV) against immigrant and refugee women as a continuum of violence. The objective of the larger study was to understand gender-based violence in migration and analyze the ways in which discriminations and inequalities interact to increase vulnerability and decrease access to supports and services for some women. Using (a) the concept of continuum of [sexual] violence and (b) intersectionality, we demonstrate the need to both document the range of violence in women’s lives and the tactics of victimization among immigrant and refugee women and show how they are different than the cumulated literature showing victimization tactics against the Canadian-born population. Using semi-structured interviews via phone or video, we asked professionals (N = 43) who worked with migrant women across Canada about forms of GBV experienced in the immigrant and refugee populations they worked with. Participants reported that non-physical forms of violence are more normalized, but also more commonly experienced than physical forms of violence in Canada. Additionally, intersecting social identities impact both the distinct and amplified forms of GBV immigrant and refugee women experienced. Results contribute theoretically and empirically to the conceptualization of the GBV experiences by immigrant and refugee women in Canada.
Molecular epidemiology of avian influenza viruses and avian coronaviruses in environmental samples from migratory bird inhabitants in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Most. Nahida , Tasnim Shadia , Hossain Md. Riabbel , Rahman Md. Ziaur , Hossain Md. Tofazzal , Chowdhury Emdadul Haque , Parvin Rokshana
Published: October 2024

Migratory birds are a natural reservoir for major respiratory viruses such as the avian influenza virus (AIV) and the avian coronavirus (AvCoV). Transmission of these viruses from migratory birds to domestic birds increases the prevalence of those diseases that cause severe economic and public health concerns in Bangladesh. The study focused on active surveillance of major respiratory viral pathogens in migratory birds, molecular identification of the viruses, and their phylogenetic origin. To conduct this study, 850 environmental samples (830 fecal samples, 10 soil samples, and 10 water samples) were collected during three consecutive winter seasons from three divisions (Dhaka, Sylhet, and Mymensingh) and pooled according to the year of collection and locations, resulting in a total of 184 tested samples. Using gene-specific primers and probes in TaqMan-and SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR assays, the samples were screened for AIV and AvCoV, respectively. Out of the 184 pooled samples, 37 were found to be positive for these respiratory pathogens. Furthermore, out of the 37 (20.11%) positive respiratory pathogens, 11.96% were AIV (n = 22) and 8.15% were AvCoV (n = 15). For the first time in Bangladesh, AIV H4N2, H4N6, and AvCoVs have been found in fecal samples from migratory birds through surveillance. Phylogenetic analyses of the HA and NA genes of AIV and the polymerase gene (Orf 1) of AvCoV revealed that these strains share a close phylogenetic relationship with the isolates from wild birds in Europe and Asia. The Bangladeshi strains with Eurasian ancestry might pose a significant threat to migratory birds flying through the Asian flyways. They might also be a potential source of virus introduction and spread to poultry raised on land. These findings emphasize the significance of ongoing AIV and AvCoV surveillance in migratory birds in Bangladesh.
Case report: Comparative treatment course of generalized lichen nitidus: effectiveness of topical steroids versus maxacalcitol
Authors: Taga Fumiaki , Ono Hiroto , Shimada Yoko , Shimizu Akira
Published: October 2024

Lichen nitidus is a chronic skin disease characterized by scattered shiny papules and is common among relatively young individuals. We report a persistent rash covering the body of a 6-year-old boy, unresponsive to prior treatments like moisturizers and topical steroids. Clinical examination revealed small yellow papules predominantly distributed on the trunk, around the eyes, and clustered around the elbow and knee fossa. Histopathological analysis showed a localized infiltrate of lymphocytes and basal epithelial cells, along with giant cells. The overlining rete ridges extended to surround the inflammatory cells, resembling a claw clutching a ball image. Topical treatment with alclometasone dipropionate ointment was more effective compared to maxacalcitol. Remarkably, after about 3 months of treatment, the rash had completely disappeared. We summarized treatments of lichen nitidus in Japan. Maxacalcitol had never been tried. In this report, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the steroid ointment compared to maxacalcitol through the clinical course.
Flight Arrival Scheduling via Large Language Model
Authors: Zhou Wentao , Wang Jinlin , Zhu Longtao , Wang Yi , Ji Yulong
Published: October 2024

The flight arrival scheduling problem is one of the critical tasks in air traffic operations, aiming to ensure that the flight arrive in the correct sequence safely. Existing methods primarily focus on the terminal area and often overlook the presence of training flight at the airport. Due to the limited generalization of traditional methods and varying control practices at different airports, training flight at airports still rely on manual control for arrival sorting. To effectively address these issues, we propose a novel method for slot allocation that leverages the strong reasoning capabilities and generalization potential of large language models (LLMs). Our method conceptualizes the dynamic scheduling problem for training flight as a language modeling problem, a perspective not previously explored. Specifically, we represent the allocator’s inputs and outputs as language tokens, utilizing LLMs to generate conflict-free results based on a language description of requested landing information and assigned training flight information. Additionally, we employ a reset strategy to create a small dataset for scenario-specific samples, enabling LLMs to quickly learn allocation schemes from the dataset. We demonstrated the capability of LLMs in addressing time conflicts by evaluating metrics such as answer accuracy, conflict rate, and total delay time (without the wrong answer). These findings underscore the feasibility of employing LLMs in the field of air traffic control.
Stress Analysis of Ice Layers on Fan Rotor Blades in Aeroengines
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Zhang Lifen , Guo Hailong , Liu Zhenxia
Published: October 2024

Fan rotor blades are critical components of aeroengines. When an aircraft flies in icing conditions, ice accumulation on the fan surface may lead to periodic shedding. Severe ice shedding can cause mechanical damage to the engine, posing significant safety risks. This study investigates ice accretion on the surface of ROTOR 67 rotor blades and their stress distribution. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the internal stress distribution of ice layers on the surface of rotating blades under different icing times and rotational speeds, especially the stress concentration of the areas at the contact surface between the ice layer and the blade. This study predicts the stress distribution of ice layers under different working conditions more accurately, which helps to identify potential ice layer fracture risks in advance. Moreover, it integrates the icing process, stress distribution, and shedding mechanism for analysis, providing a comprehensive perspective. It considers the interaction of various environmental factors and operating conditions, offering an in-depth understanding of ice layer behavior under complex working conditions.
0-D Dynamic Performance Simulation of Hydrogen-Fueled Turboshaft Engine
Authors: Magnani Mattia , Silvagni Giacomo , Ravaglioli Vittorio , Ponti Fabrizio
Published: October 2024

In the last few decades, the problem of pollution resulting from human activities has pushed research toward zero or net-zero carbon solutions for transportation. The main objective of this paper is to perform a preliminary performance assessment of the use of hydrogen in conventional turbine engines for aeronautical applications. A 0-D dynamic model of the Allison 250 C-18 turboshaft engine was designed and validated using conventional aviation fuel (kerosene Jet A-1). A dedicated, experimental campaign covering the whole engine operating range was conducted to obtain the thermodynamic data for the main engine components: the compressor, lateral ducts, combustion chamber, high- and low-pressure turbines, and exhaust nozzle. A theoretical chemical combustion model based on the NASA-CEA database was used to account for the energy conversion process in the combustor and to obtain quantitative feedback from the model in terms of fuel consumption. Once the engine and the turbomachinery of the engine were characterized, the work focused on designing a 0-D dynamic engine model based on the engine’s characteristics and the experimental data using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, which is capable of replicating the real engine behavior. Then, the 0-D dynamic model was validated by the acquired data and used to predict the engine’s performance with a different throttle profile (close to realistic request profiles during flight). Finally, the 0-D dynamic engine model was used to predict the performance of the engine using hydrogen as the input of the theoretical combustion model. The outputs of simulations running conventional kerosene Jet A-1 and hydrogen using different throttle profiles were compared, showing up to a 64% reduction in fuel mass flow rate and a 3% increase in thermal efficiency using hydrogen in flight-like conditions. The results confirm the potential of hydrogen as a suitable alternative fuel for small turbine engines and aircraft.
A Parametrical Study on Hypervelocity Impact of Orbital Debris
Authors: Eken Ali , Eken Seher
Published: October 2024

A numerical method has been presented to simulate hypervelocity impacts on metal targets. The target is a rectangular prism and is positioned at various inclined angles relative to the impact direction, while four different projectiles such as square prism, triangular prism, truncated cone, and ogival shape are chosen. This numerical model employs an open-source code, MPM3D-F90, which is based on the Material Point Method. In order to enhance flexibility of the code for defining projectiles and target bodies in the material domain, a preprocessor is developed to create a variety of geometrical shapes for a given volume. In addition to supplementing and defining various geometrical bodies, this tool also simplifies the preprocessing process to create the user’s specific preferences for the problem. To demonstrate the utility of the preprocessor tool and investigate the influence of geometry on hypervelocity impacts, simulations are conducted using various projectile and target configurations. The analysis results reveal that the structure of the debris cloud formations, scattering behavior of the ejected particle from both front and rear faces, and penetration depth measures are significantly influenced by the projectile shape and impact angles.
Radiation Hardened Read-Stability and Speed Enhanced SRAM for Space Applications
Authors: Choi Woo Chang , Jo Sung-Hun
Published: October 2024

With the advancement of CMOS technology, the susceptibility of SRAM to single node upset (SNU), double node upset (DNU), and multiple node upset (MNU) induced by radiation has increased. To address this issue, various cutting-edge solutions, such as radiation hardened sextuple cross coupled (RHSCC)-16T and DNU-completely-tolerant memory (DNUCTM) cells, have been proposed. While the RHSCC-16T cell is robust against SNU, it may be vulnerable to DNU. The DNUCTM cell is resistant to both SNU and DNU, but it remains susceptible to MNU. In this paper, we propose a radiation hardened read-stability and speed enhanced (RHRSE)-20T SRAM, which is immune to all potential cases of SNU, DNU, and MNU. Additionally, the proposed design demonstrates improvements in read and write delays compared to conventional SRAM designs. Experimental results confirm that the RHRSE-20T SRAM maintains stability under various charge levels for SEU, DNU, and MNU. The proposed integrated circuit is implemented in a 90-nm CMOS process and operates on a 1 V supply voltage, offering significant advantages for next-generation radiation-hardened memory applications.
Hadamard’s Variational Formula for Simple Eigenvalues
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Tsuchiya Takuya
Published: October 2024

Here, we study Hadamard’s variational formula for simple eigenvalues under dynamical and conformal deformations. Particularly, harmonic convexity of the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian under the mixed boundary condition is established for a two-dimensional domain, which implies several new inequalities.
Structural Reuse of Decommissioned Ski Lift Steel Trusses for Load-Bearing Applications
Authors: Kiesel Adrian , Brandi Guido , Schlatter Jael , Gerber Andri , Langenberg Silke
Published: October 2024

The ongoing effects of climate change have led to a rise in global temperature, significantly reducing snow cover and resulting in the abandonment of numerous ski areas across Switzerland. As a result, many ski lifts have been decommissioned and left to deteriorate due to lenient local regulations. To address this issue, this paper presents a case study approach to repurposing steel trusses from abandoned ski lifts for a new structural application within the building industry. The design, sourcing, and construction of a new load-supporting column are described, focusing on reusing the ski lift steel trusses as a whole, without dismantling them into their components. After collection, these elements are adapted to comply with current building standards. By pouring out the hollow structure with the recently developed building material Cleancrete ©, a new load-bearing structure is developed. A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrates the environmental performance of the steel–Cleancrete hybrid construction, which achieves a global warming potential (GWP) of 536.58 kg CO2-eq. In comparison, alternative designs using wood and concrete exhibited GWP values of 679.45 kg CO2-eq, +26.6%, and 1593.72 kg CO2-eq, +197.02%, respectively. These findings suggest that repurposing abandoned ski lift structures can significantly contribute to sustainable building practices, waste reduction, and the promotion of circular economy principles. The process outlined in this paper holds potential for future applications, particularly in the reuse of other steel components, ensuring continued circularity even as the supply of ski lift structures may dwindle.
The Importance of Cleaning and Sanitation in Homebrewing
Authors: Habschied Kristina , Krstanović Vinko , Mastanjević Krešimir
Published: October 2024

The expansion of homebrewing among hobbyists and beer lovers has enabled the availability of fabulous and non-conventional flavors to a broader public. However, homebrewing conditions are not standardized and greatly depend on the meticulosity of the homebrewer. To ensure minimum hygienic conditions, homebrewers need to employ more effort than the standardized brewing industry. Cleaning and sanitation ask for a meticulous and thorough, almost perfect cleaning and sanitation pattern in order to ensure healthy fermentation and safe beer. The implementation of cleaning and sanitation methods can greatly prolong the lifespan of kegged or bottled beer and accent the excellent aromas and taste of homebrewed beer. Since there is a lack of scientific literature concerning this aspect of brewing, this paper is conceptualized as a review that covers all the major concerning/hazardous points in homebrewing and summarizes potential actions to maximize cleaning and sanitation efficiency in the homebrewing process.
Impact of Different Surface Treatments on Shear Bond Strength between Two Zirconia Ceramics and a Composite Material
Authors: Kim Se-Hyoun , Lim Young-Jun , Kim Dae-Joon , Kim Myung-Joo , Kwon Ho-Boem , Baek Yeon-Wha
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare the surface changes and shear bond strength between a resin composite and two zirconia ceramics subjected to sandblasting and forming gas (5% H2 in N2) plasma surface treatment. Two types of zirconia ceramic specimens (3Y-TZP and (Y,Nb)-TZP) were divided into groups based on the following surface treatment methods: polishing (Control), sandblasting (SB), sandblasting and plasma (SB-P), and plasma treatment (P). Subsequently, chemical surface modification was performed using Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan), and the Filtek Z-250 (3M, Maplewood, MN, USA) resin composite was applied. Shear bond strengths (SBS) and surface characteristics were determined. Plasma treatment was effective in increasing the wettability. For SBS, there were significant differences among the groups, and the (Y,Nb)-TZP and SB-P groups showed the highest bond strength. Similarly, for the 3Y-TZP specimens, the shear bond strength increased with both plasma and sandblasting treatments, although no statistically significant change was observed. In the P group, both (Y,Nb)-TZP and 3Y-TZP showed a significant decrease in shear bond strength with the resin composite compared to the control group.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Oral–Gut Microbiota: From Mechanism to Clinical Significance
Authors: Zhang Xian , Li Qing , Xia Siyuan , He Yan , Liu Yuqiang , Yang Jinlin , Xiao Xue
Published: October 2024

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, but there are increasing concerns about digestive complications linked to PPIs. Next-generation sequencing studies have suggested that PPIs can significantly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn may substantially contribute to the development of these complications. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that the translocation of oral microbes into the gut may be the primary mechanism underlying the alterations in the gut microbiota induced by PPIs in the presence of gastric acid suppression and impaired oral–gut barrier function. Moreover, the significance of oral–gut microbial translocation in health and disease conditions has gained increasing recognition. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the functions of the oral–gut microbiota axis in digestive disorders associated with PPI therapies. This review aims to summarize current research findings and further elucidate the contribution of the oral–gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of PPI-related digestive diseases. We aim to provide a theoretical foundation for future therapeutic and preventive strategies targeting PPI-related digestive complications through modulation of the oral–gut microbiota.
Gender Differences in Performing an Overhead Drilling Task Using an Exoskeleton—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wollesen Bettina , Gräf Julia , De Bock Sander , Alfio Eligia , Díaz María Alejandra , De Pauw Kevin
Published: October 2024

(1) Exoskeletons offer potential benefits for overhead working tasks, but gender effects or differences are unclear. This study aimed to compare the performance as well as subjective body strain and comfort of men and women using an upper-body exoskeleton. (2) n = 20 female and n = 16 male participants performed an overhead drilling task with and without a passive upper-body exoskeleton in a randomized cross-over study. The task performance of different movement phases, perceived exertion, and ease of use were measured to compare gender differences. One- and two-way analyses were used to compare genders in the different conditions. The body mass index (BMI) was included as a covariate. (3) Gender differences in task performance were found for error integrals (p < 0.001) with higher values in male participants. Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect for gender x exoskeleton use. While females showed performance decrements in aiming with exoskeleton use, the males’ performance increased (p = 0.025). No other gender differences were observed. (4) Gender differences in task performance using an upper-body industrial exoskeleton were less detectable than expected, indicating that body composition and anthropometrics might be valuable indicators for performance including assisting devices. Moreover, future studies should also integrate the examination of muscle activity to gain more insights into potential gender movement control patterns.
Partial Exposure Attacks on a New RSA Variant
Authors: Rahmani Mohammed , Nitaj Abderrahmane , Ziane Mhammed
Published: October 2024

In 2022, Cotan and Teşeleanu presented a variant of the RSA cryptosystem where the modulus is of the form N=pq, and the private and the public exponents satisfy ed≡1(modψn(N)) with n≥2, and ψn(N)=pn−1qn−1(p−1)(q−1). This variant of RSA was recently cryptanalyzed by Nitaj, Adenan, and Ariffin at Africacrypt 2024. In this paper, we push further the cryptanalysis of the scheme of Cotan and Teşeleanu by presenting a method to solve the equation xH(y)+c≡0(mode) where c is a constant that is independent of x and y. This enables us to propose more attacks on the scheme, including a partial key exposure attack, an attack when the most significant bits of one of the prime factors are known, and an attack when the least significant bits of one of the prime factors are known.
Neuropharmacological Assessment of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid through In Vivo and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Ganeshpurkar Ankit , Singh Ravi , Tripathi Pratigya , Alam Qadir , Krishnamurthy Sairam , Kumar Ashok , Singh Sushil Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex neurogenerative disorder, manifests as dementia and concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms, including apathy, depression, and circadian disruption. The pathology involves a profound degeneration of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, leading to the impairment of both short-term and long-term memory. The cholinergic hypothesis is among the various theories proposed, that assume the loss of the cholinergic tract contributes to the onset of AD and proves clinically effective in managing mild to moderate stages of the disease. This study explores the potential therapeutic efficacy of sulfonamide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in mitigating scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Methods: Behavioral assessments utilizing Y-maze, Barnes maze, and neurochemical assays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the test compounds. Results: Results demonstrated a significant reduction in the impact of scopolamine administration on behavioral tasks at a dose of 20 mg/kg for both compounds. Correspondingly, neurochemical assays corroborated these findings. In silico docking analysis on rat butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was performed to elucidate the binding mode of the compounds. Subsequent molecular dynamics studies unveiled the formation of stable complexes between the test compounds and rat BChE. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of sulfonamide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in addressing memory deficits associated with AD, emphasizing their in silico molecular interactions and stability.
Dysregulation of the DRAIC/SBK1 Axis Promotes Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Alhammad Rashed , Allison Milicia , Alhammad Fares , Anene Chinedu Anthony
Published: October 2024

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular processes that underpin cancer development and progression. DRAIC is a migration inhibitor that has been linked with lung adenocarcinoma progression; however, its mechanisms remain to be studied. Methods: Several bioinformatics tools were used to explore the role of DRAIC in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Results: Our bioinformatics analysis illustrates that patients with low expression of DRAIC have poor overall survival outcomes. In addition, the mRNA of SH3 domain-binding kinase 1 (SBK1) was downregulated in this cohort of patients. Mechanistic analysis showed that SBK1 is under the DRAIC competing endogenous RNAs network, potentially through sponging of miRNA-92a. Conclusions: Consistent dysregulation of the DRAIC-SBK1 axis was linked to poor survival outcome in both LUAD and LUSC, suggesting a tumour inhibitor role and providing potential for new diagnostics and therapeutic approaches.
Autoptic Findings in Patients Treated with (VA-ECMO) after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Focardi Martina , Santori Francesco , Defraia Beatrice , Grifoni Rossella , Gori Valentina , Bianchi Ilenia , Bonizzoli Manuela , Lazzeri Chiara , Peris Adriano
Published: October 2024

Background: This study examines the results of autopsy examinations specifically aimed at documenting complications arising from the implantation phase and treatment with veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in patients with refractory cardiac arrest. ECMO and VA-ECMO in particular are life-saving interventions that, in the case of cardiac arrest, can temporarily replace cardiac pump function. VA-ECMO is, however, a very invasive procedure and is associated with early mechanical, haemorrhagic, and thrombotic events, infections, and late multi-organ dysfunction. Aim: This research aims to evaluate autoptic and histologic findings in patients on VA-ECMO support, providing clinical and forensic evaluation elements with respect to the procedure and clinical settings. Materials and Methods: The study analysed 10 cases, considering variables such as the duration of cardiac arrest, understood as the time between the cardiac arrest event and reperfusion with VA-ECMO, the duration of VA-ECMO support, and any complications detected by clinicians during treatment. Results: The results highlighted the presence of numerous ischemic and haemorrhagic events affecting various organs. Among them, the intestines were particularly vulnerable, even after a short ECMO duration. Conclusions: ECMO was found to accelerate post-mortem decomposition, affecting post-mortem interval estimations, and cardiac damage from reperfusion, underlining the need to meticulously select indications for treatment with VA-ECMO and perform constant clinical evaluations during the treatment itself.
A Fuzzy Pure Pursuit for Autonomous UGVs Based on Model Predictive Control and Whole-Body Motion Control
Authors: Sui Yaoyu , Yang Zhong , Zhuo Haoze , You Yulong , Que Wenqiang , He Naifeng
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose an adaptive fuzzy pure pursuit trajectory tracking algorithm for autonomous unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), addressing the challenges of accurate and stable navigation in complex environments. Traditional pure pursuit methods with fixed look-ahead distances struggle to maintain precision in dynamic and uneven terrains. Our approach uniquely integrates a fuzzy control algorithm that allows for real-time adjustments of the look-ahead distance based on environmental feedback, thereby enhancing tracking accuracy and smoothness. Additionally, we combine this with model predictive control (MPC) and whole-body motion control (WBC), where MPC forecasts future states and optimally adjusts control actions, while WBC ensures coordinated motion of the UGV, maintaining balance and stability, especially in rough terrains. This integration not only improves responsiveness to changing conditions but also enables dynamic balance adjustments during movement. The proposed algorithm was validated through simulations in Gazebo and real-world experiments on physical platforms. In real-world tests, our algorithm reduced the average trajectory tracking error by 45% and the standard deviation by nearly 50%, significantly improving stability and accuracy compared to traditional methods.
From Geometry of Hamiltonian Dynamics to Topology of Phase Transitions: A Review
Authors: Pettini Giulio , Gori Matteo , Pettini Marco
Published: October 2024

In this review work, we outline a conceptual path that, starting from the numerical investigation of the transition between weak chaos and strong chaos in Hamiltonian systems with many degrees of freedom, comes to highlight how, at the basis of equilibrium phase transitions, there must be major changes in the topology of submanifolds of the phase space of Hamiltonian systems that describe systems that exhibit phase transitions. In fact, the numerical investigation of Hamiltonian flows of a large number of degrees of freedom that undergo a thermodynamic phase transition has revealed peculiar dynamical signatures detected through the energy dependence of the largest Lyapunov exponent, that is, of the degree of chaoticity of the dynamics at the phase transition point. The geometrization of Hamiltonian flows in terms of geodesic flows on suitably defined Riemannian manifolds, used to explain the origin of deterministic chaos, combined with the investigation of the dynamical counterpart of phase transitions unveils peculiar geometrical changes of the mechanical manifolds in correspondence to the peculiar dynamical changes at the phase transition point. Then, it turns out that these peculiar geometrical changes are the effect of deeper topological changes of the configuration space hypersurfaces ∑v=VN−1(v) as well as of the manifolds {Mv=VN−1((−∞,v])}v∈R bounded by the ∑v. In other words, denoting by vc the critical value of the average potential energy density at which the phase transition takes place, the members of the family {∑v}vvc; additionally, the members of the family {Mv}v>vc are not diffeomorphic to those of {Mv}v>vc. The topological theory of the deep origin of phase transitions allows a unifying framework to tackle phase transitions that may or may not be due to a symmetry-breaking phenomenon (that is, with or without an order parameter) and to finite/small N systems.
Statistics in Service of Metascience: Measuring Replication Distance with Reproducibility Rate
Authors: Buzbas Erkan O. , Devezer Berna
Published: October 2024

Motivated by the recent putative reproducibility crisis, we discuss the relationship between the replicability of scientific studies, the reproducibility of results obtained in these replications, and the philosophy of statistics. Our approach focuses on challenges in specifying scientific studies for scientific inference via statistical inference and is complementary to classical discussions in the philosophy of statistics. We particularly consider the challenges in replicating studies exactly, using the notion of the idealized experiment. We argue against treating reproducibility as an inherently desirable property of scientific results, and in favor of viewing it as a tool to measure the distance between an original study and its replications. To sensibly study the implications of replicability and results reproducibility on inference, such a measure of replication distance is needed. We present an effort to delineate such a framework here, addressing some challenges in capturing the components of scientific studies while identifying others as ongoing issues. We illustrate our measure of replication distance by simulations using a toy example. Rather than replications, we present purposefully planned modifications as an appropriate tool to inform scientific inquiry. Our ability to measure replication distance serves scientists in their search for replication-ready studies. We believe that likelihood-based and evidential approaches may play a critical role towards building statistics that effectively serve the practical needs of science.
BHT-QAOA: The Generalization of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm to Solve Arbitrary Boolean Problems as Hamiltonians
Authors: Al-Bayaty Ali , Perkowski Marek
Published: October 2024

A new methodology is introduced to solve classical Boolean problems as Hamiltonians, using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). This methodology is termed the “Boolean-Hamiltonians Transform for QAOA” (BHT-QAOA). Because a great deal of research and studies are mainly focused on solving combinatorial optimization problems using QAOA, the BHT-QAOA adds an additional capability to QAOA to find all optimized approximated solutions for Boolean problems, by transforming such problems from Boolean oracles (in different structures) into Phase oracles, and then into the Hamiltonians of QAOA. From such a transformation, we noticed that the total utilized numbers of qubits and quantum gates are dramatically minimized for the generated Hamiltonians of QAOA. In this article, arbitrary Boolean problems are examined by successfully solving them with our BHT-QAOA, using different structures based on various logic synthesis methods, an IBM quantum computer, and a classical optimization minimizer. Accordingly, the BHT-QAOA will provide broad opportunities to solve many classical Boolean-based problems as Hamiltonians, for the practical engineering applications of several algorithms, digital synthesizers, robotics, and machine learning, just to name a few, in the hybrid classical-quantum domain.
Decision Transformer-Based Efficient Data Offloading in LEO-IoT
Authors: Xia Pengcheng , Zang Mengfei , Zhao Jie , Ma Ting , Zhang Jie , Ni Changxu , Li Jun , Ni Yiyang
Published: October 2024

Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed rapid development. However, the scarcity of computing resources on the ground has constrained the application scenarios of IoT. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have drawn people’s attention due to their broader coverage and shorter transmission delay. They are capable of offloading more IoT computing tasks to mobile edge computing (MEC) servers with lower latency in order to address the issue of scarce computing resources on the ground. Nevertheless, it is highly challenging to share bandwidth and power resources among multiple IoT devices and LEO satellites. In this paper, we explore the efficient data offloading mechanism in the LEO satellite-based IoT (LEO-IoT), where LEO satellites forward data from the terrestrial to the MEC servers. Specifically, by optimally selecting the forwarding LEO satellite for each IoT task and allocating communication resources, we aim to minimize the data offloading latency and energy consumption. Particularly, we employ the state-of-the-art Decision Transformer (DT) to solve this optimization problem. We initially obtain a pre-trained DT through training on a specific task. Subsequently, the pre-trained DT is fine-tuned by acquiring a small quantity of data under the new task, enabling it to converge rapidly, with less training time and superior performance. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that in contrast to the classical reinforcement learning approach (Proximal Policy Optimization), the convergence speed of DT can be increased by up to three times, and the performance can be improved by up to 30%.
The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in the Relationship between Adult Attachment and Quality of Life
Authors: Santoro Gianluca , Lenzo Vittorio , Musetti Alessandro , Caneglias Cristiana , Crimi Lina Rita , Sideli Lucia , Schimmenti Adriano
Published: October 2024

There is evidence that anxiety and avoidance toward close relationships (i.e., insecure attachment orientations), as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), are linked to a poor quality of life. The current study aimed to investigate the potential mediating effects of PTSSs on the associations between insecure attachment orientations and domains of quality of life. A convenience sample of 497 adults (375 females, 75.5%), ranging in age between 18 and 65 years old (M = 32.48, SD = 13.26), was recruited. Participants were administered self-report instruments assessing attachment anxiety and avoidance, PTSSs, and domains of quality of life, including physical health, psychological status, social relationships, and environment. A series of mediation analyses were performed to test the mediating role of PTSSs in the relationships between attachment orientations and domains of quality of life. Results showed that attachment anxiety was related to decreased levels of quality of life in all domains, and that their associations were mediated by PTSSs. Also, attachment avoidance was related to a worse quality of psychological status and social relationships, and PTSSs were a significant mediating variable in these associations. Prevention programs and clinical interventions focused on promoting effective strategies for managing distress might be critical in reducing the impact of distressing events on the quality of life of individuals with insecure attachment.
Advances in Detection and Monitoring of Coal Spontaneous Combustion: Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Anghelescu Lucica , Diaconu Bogdan Marian
Published: October 2024

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) is a multifaceted research domain that has been widely explored in the literature, ranging from analytical and numerical modeling to the development of fire suppression materials and methods. A comprehensive review of the literature has revealed several distinct research trajectories, or “roadmaps”, identified through criteria such as the volume of studies addressing each theme, the presence of review papers dedicated to a specific roadmap, and the explicit mention of coal spontaneous combustion in the title or keywords. This classification framework has outlined six primary roadmaps: (1) spread, quantification, and impact; (2) mechanisms, models, factors, and parameters; (3) experimental studies and models; (4) detection, monitoring, and prediction; (5) prevention and control; and (6) applications. While interconnections exist between these roadmaps, and all ultimately converge towards roadmap 5 (prevention and control), each roadmap constitutes a distinct research cluster. The focus of this review is on roadmap 4, specifically addressing the methods and technologies for detection, monitoring, and prediction of CSC events. This review encompasses studies published from 2010 to the present, providing a thorough examination of the various detection techniques employed, with particular emphasis on their limitations and the strategies proposed to overcome these challenges. A critical analysis highlights the key advantages and disadvantages of each category of techniques, offering insights into their practical applications and the potential for future advancements in this field. The present review aims to contribute to the refinement of detection and monitoring methods for CSC, with the goal of enhancing early detection capabilities and improving fire management strategies.
Enhancing Olive Cultivation Resilience: Sustainable Long-Term and Short-Term Adaptation Strategies to Alleviate Climate Change Impacts
Authors: Martins Sandra , Pereira Sandra , Dinis Lia-Tânia , Brito Cátia
Published: October 2024

Olive cultivation, an icon of Mediterranean agriculture, economy, and cultural heritage, faces significant challenges due to climate change and soil degradation. Climate projections indicate that altered precipitation patterns, rising temperatures, and increased frequency of extreme weather events will adversely affect olive tree growth, fruit quality, and yield. This review provides a novel perspective on addressing these challenges through both long-term and short-term adaptation strategies, emphasizing innovative products, advanced technologies, and practical solutions that must work synergistically and be tailored to regional conditions. Long-term practices refer to proactive strategies for enduring climate resilience, including cover cropping, mulching, soil amendments, and breeding programs which enhance soil health, improve water retention, and increase the trees’ resilience. Short-term strategies focus on immediate impacts, offering immediate stress relief and enhanced plant physiological responses, including optimized irrigation systems, pruning management, particle coating films, biostimulants, and plant growth regulators. The review underscores the importance of aligning agricultural practices with sustainability goals and evolving environmental policies and the education of farmers and policymakers. By integrating adaptive practices and technological advancements, the olive sector can better address climate challenges, contribute to global food security, and advance environmental sustainability.