bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employer’s investments in job crafting to promote knowledge worker’s sustainable employability: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Irfan Syed Muhammad , Qadeer Faisal , Abdullah Muhammad Ibrahim , Sarfraz Muddassar
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The primary study purpose is to examine whether managerial support triggers job crafting and sustainable employability, and to what extent work uncertainty moderates the managerial support and sustainable employability relationships mediated by job crafting using a moderated mediation approach. Thus, this study aims to uncover new antecedent and outcomes of job crafting using job demands and resources (JD–R) theory as no such research has yet examined these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed to test the proposed relationships based on survey data that include a final 483 knowledge workers of the services sector. The authors tested the structural model using self-developed estimates for AMOS 24.0 to examine the moderated mediation process models (process models 7, 14 and 58) rather than using a conventional process macro through SPSS.

Findings

Consistent with the formulated hypothesis, the results of this study indicate that managerial support directly stimulates job crafting and sustainable employability. Further, job crafting mediates the relationships between managerial support and sustainable employability. This validates the JD–R theory assumption that managerial support as job resources initiates a motivational process through job crafting, leading to sustainable employability as the outcome of the motivational process. Additionally, the moderated mediation results show that in the presence of high work uncertainty, employees are more engaged in job crafting to boost their sustainable employability.

Practical implications

Organizations may incorporate these findings while developing human resources (HR) management policies and practices to align top-down and bottom-up job re(design) approaches. For example, by designing line managers’ role in implementation of supportive HR practices, their supportive leadership behavior towards employees will successfully trigger job crafting and nurture their sustainable employability.

Originality/value

This research adds to the work design and employability literature. No such study has yet examined whether managerial support triggers job crafting and sustainable employability. Prior studies examine personality traits, some individual difference variable, job characteristics, or leadership influence as antecedents of job crafting. Utilizing the JD–R theory, we empirically validate that job crafting plays a vital role in the motivational process initiated by the job resources (managerial support), leading to sustainable employability as an outcome of the motivational process. The authors further show that in the presence of high job demands (work uncertainty), employees are more engaged in job crafting and more conscious to boost their sustainable employability.
Leaf nitrogen from the perspective of optimal plant function
Authors: Dong Ning , Prentice Iain Colin , Wright Ian J. , Wang Han , Atkin Owen K. , Bloomfield Keith J. , Domingues Tomas F. , Gleason Sean M. , Maire Vincent , Onoda Yusuke , Poorter Hendrik , Smith Nicholas G.
Published: July 2022

Leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and leaf nitrogen per unit area (Narea) and mass (Nmass) are key traits for plant functional ecology and ecosystem modelling. There is however no consensus about how these traits are regulated, or how they should be modelled. Here we confirm that observed leaf nitrogen across species and sites can be estimated well from observed LMA and Vcmax at 25°C (Vcmax25). We then test the hypothesis that global variations of both quantities depend on climate variables in specific ways that are predicted by leaf‐level optimality theory, thus allowing both Narea to be predicted as functions of the growth environment.

A new global compilation of field measurements was used to quantify the empirical relationships of leaf N to Vcmax25 and LMA. Relationships of observed Vcmax25 and LMA to climate variables were estimated, and compared to independent theoretical predictions of these relationships. Soil effects were assessed by analysing biases in the theoretical predictions.

LMA was the most important predictor of Narea (increasing) and Nmass (decreasing). About 60% of global variation across species and sites in observed Narea, and 31% in Nmass, could be explained by observed LMA and Vcmax25. These traits, in turn, were quantitatively related to climate variables, with significant partial relationships similar or indistinguishable from those predicted by optimality theory. Predicted trait values explained 21% of global variation in observed site‐mean Vcmax25, 43% in LMA and 31% in Narea. Predicted Vcmax25 was biased low on clay‐rich soils but predicted LMA was biased high, with compensating effects on Narea. Narea was overpredicted on organic soils.

Synthesis. Global patterns of variation in observed site‐mean Narea can be explained by climate‐induced variations in optimal Vcmax25 and LMA. Leaf nitrogen should accordingly be modelled as a consequence (not a cause) of Vcmax25 and LMA, both being optimized to the environment. Nitrogen limitation of plant growth would then be modelled principally via whole‐plant carbon allocation, rather than via leaf‐level traits. Further research is required to better understand and model the terrestrial nitrogen and carbon cycles and their coupling.
Raman confocal microscopy to assess changes in cheddar cheese during maturation
Authors: Chawanji Abraham , Holroyd Stephen E , Nickless Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Raman confocal microscopy is an increasingly useful technique when applied to food samples. It has the unique ability to interrogate the chemical structure, aligned with the same confocality capability that is available when using standard confocal microscopy. In this research, we used Raman confocal microscopy to investigate the effects of maturation on the microstructure of cheddar cheese. Statistical analysis of the spectral data showed significant protein structural changes as the cheese matured. The results illustrate the potential of Raman confocal microscopy in conjunction with spectroscopy and imaging to understand chemical changes in complex dairy matrices.
Circular RNA circ_0006089 promotes the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the miR‐143‐3p/PTBP3 axis and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Lin Guang Rong , Chen Wei Rong , Zheng Pei Hong , Chen Wei Shan , Cai Gao Yang
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in malignancies including gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of circ_0006089 in GC.

Methods

Circ_0006089, microRNA (miR)‐143‐3p, and polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 3 (PTBP3) expressions were measured via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in GC cell lines. Cell proliferative capacity was determined by colony formation and CCK‐8 assays. Flow cytometry was employed for measuring cell apoptosis. Cell invasion and migration were measured via transwell and wound‐healing assays. Western blot analysis was utilized for detecting protein expressions of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin, PTBP3, PI3K, p‐PI3K, AKT, and p‐AKT. Dual‐reporter luciferase analysis was conducted to confirm the association between miR‐143‐3p and circ_0006089 or PTBP3. The role of circ_0006089 in vivo was detected via establishing a mice xenograft model.

Results

Circ_0006089 expression was increased in GC. Circ_0006089 downregulation suppressed the proliferation and metastasis and induced apoptosis of GC cells, which was counteracted by miR‐143‐3p inhibition or PTBP3 overexpression. In addition, circ_0006089 overexpression could promote GC progression. MiR‐143‐3p specially bound to circ_0006089 and PTBP3 was targeted by miR‐143‐3p. Moreover, circ_0006089 could regulate PTBP3 expression and the PI3K/AKT pathway by sponging miR‐143‐3p. Circ_0006089 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth.

Conclusion

Circ_0006089 regulated miR‐143‐3p/PTBP3/PI3K/AKT pathway to facilitate GC progression.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly defines female‐biased genes associated with sex determination and differentiation in the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Xu Xindong , Wang Yifeng , Wang Changhong , Guo Gangqiang , Yu Xinyu , Dai Yang , Liu Yaobao , Wei Guiying , He Xiaohui , Jin Ge , Zhang Ziqiu , Guan Qingtian , Pain Arnab , Wang Shengyue , Zhang Wenbao , Young Neil D. , Gasser Robin B. , McManus Donald P. , Cao Jun , Zhou Qi , Zhang Qingfeng
Published: July 2022

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of humans caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, the only dioecious parasitic flatworm. Although aspects of sex determination, differentiation and reproduction have been studied in some Schistosoma species, almost nothing is known for Schistosoma japonicum, the causative agent of schistosomiasis japonica. This mainly reflects the lack of high‐quality genomic and transcriptomic resources for this species. As current genomes for S. japonicum are highly fragmented, we assembled and report a chromosome‐level reference genome (seven autosomes, the Z‐chromosome and partial W‐chromosome), achieving a substantially enhanced gene annotation. Utilizing this genome, we discovered that the sex chromosomes of S. japonicum and its congener S. mansoni independently suppressed recombination during evolution, forming five and two evolutionary strata, respectively. By exploring the W‐chromosome and sex‐specific transcriptomes, we identified 35 W‐linked genes and 257 female‐preferentially transcribed genes (FTGs) from our chromosomal assembly and uncovered a signature for sex determination and differentiation in S. japonicum. These FTGs clustering within autosomes or the Z‐chromosome exhibit a highly dynamic transcription profile during the pairing of female and male schistosomula, thereby representing a critical phase for the maturation of the female worms and suggesting distinct layers of regulatory control of gene transcription at this development stage. Collectively, these data provide a valuable resource for further functional genomic characterization of S. japonicum, shed light on the evolution of sex chromosomes in this highly virulent human blood fluke, and provide a pathway to identify novel targets for development of intervention tools against schistosomiasis.
Outcomes of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute K12 program in emergency care research: 7‐year follow‐up
Authors: Morris Cynthia D. , Cook Jennifer N. B. , Lin Amber , Scott Jane D. , Kuppermann Nathan , Callaway Clifton W. , Yealy Donald M. , Lowe Robert A. , Richardson Lynne D. , Kimmel Stephen , Holmes James F. , Collins Sean , Becker Lance B. , Storrow Alan B. , Newgard Harrison J. , Baren Jill , Newgard Craig D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Long‐term follow‐up for clinician–scientist training programs is sparse. We describe the outcomes of clinician–scientist scholars in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) K12 program in emergency care research up to 8.7 years after matriculation in the program.

Methods

This was a cohort study of faculty clinician–scientist scholars enrolled in a NHLBI K12 research training program at 6 sites across the US, with median follow‐up 7.7 years (range 5.7–8.7 years) from the date of matriculation. Scholars completed electronic surveys in 2017 and 2019, with the 2019 survey collecting information for their current work setting, percent time for research, and grant funding from all sources. We used NIH RePorter and online resources to verify federal grants through March 2021. The primary outcome was a funded career development award (CDA) or research project grant (RPG) where the scholar was principal investigator. We included funding from all federal sources and national foundations.

Results

There were 43 scholars, including 16 (37%) women. Over the follow‐up period, 32 (74%) received an individual CDA or RPG, with a median of 36 months (range 9–83 months) after entering the program. Of the 43 scholars, 23 (54%) received a CDA and 22 (51%) received an RPG, 7 (16%) of which were R01s. Of the 23 scholars who received a CDA, 13 (56%) subsequently had an RPG funded. Time to CDA or RPG did not differ by sex (women vs. men log‐rank test p = 0.27) or specialty training (emergency medicine versus other specialties, p = 0.59).

Conclusions

After 7 years of follow‐up for this NHLBI K12 emergency care research training program, three quarters of clinician–scientist scholars had obtained CDA or RPG funding, with no notable differences by sex or clinical training.
A deletion variant within the FGF5 gene in goats is associated with gene expression levels and cashmere growth
Authors: Li Yefang , Song Shen , Zhang Zhengkai , Liu Xuexue , Zhang Yanli , E Guangxin , Ma Yuehui , Jiang Lin
Published: July 2022

The FGF5 gene has been associated with the regulation of fibre length in mammals, including cashmere goats. A deletion variant at ~14 kb downstream of the FGF5 gene showed significant divergence between cashmere and non‐cashmere goats in previous studies. In this study, we designed specific primers to genotype the deletion variant. The results of gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing revealed that a 507‐bp deletion mutation is located at 95 454 685–95 455 191 of chromosome 6 in goats. Genotyping data from a large panel of 288 goats showed that the deletion at the FGF5 gene locus appeared to be associated with cashmere length. The deletion variant was close to fixation (frequency 0.97) in cashmere goats. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays for evaluating DNA–protein interaction and mRNA expression levels of FGF5 suggested that the deletion variant may serve as a cis‐acting element by specifically binding transcription factors to mediate quantitative changes in FGF5 mRNA expression. Our study illustrates how a structural mutation of the FGF5 gene has contributed to the cashmere growth phenotype in domestic goats. The deletion mutation within the FGF5 gene could potentially serve as a molecular marker of cashmere growth in cashmere goat breeding.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and its consequences for chronic pain: a narrative review
Authors: Shanthanna H. , Nelson A. M. , Kissoon N. , Narouze S.
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic transformed everyday life, but the implications were most impactful for vulnerable populations, including patients with chronic pain. Moreover, persistent pain is increasingly recognised as a key manifestation of long COVID. This narrative review explores the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic for chronic pain. Publications were identified related to the COVID‐19 pandemic influence on the burden of chronic pain, development of new‐onset pain because of long COVID with proposed mechanisms and COVID‐19 vaccines and pain interventions. Broadly, mechanisms underlying pain due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could be caused by ‘systemic inflammatory‐immune mechanisms’, ‘direct neuropathic mechanisms’ or ‘secondary mechanisms due to the viral infection or treatment’. Existing chronic pain populations were variably impacted and social determinants of health appeared to influence the degree of effect. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increased the absolute numbers of patients with pain and headache. In the acute phase, headache as a presenting symptom predicted a milder course. New‐onset chronic pain was reportedly common and likely involves multiple mechanisms; however, its prevalence decreases over time and symptoms appear to fluctuate. Patients requiring intensive support were particularly susceptible to long COVID symptoms. Some evidence suggests steroid exposure (often used for pain interventions) may affect vaccine efficacy, but there is no evidence of clinical repercussions to date. Although existing chronic pain management could help with symptomatic relief, there is a need to advance research focusing on mechanism‐based treatments within the domain of multidisciplinary care.
A population‐based study of the management of rectal malignant polyps and the use of trans‐anal surgery
Authors: Zammit Andrew P. , Brown Ian , Hooper John D. , Clark David A. , Riddell Andrew D.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Rectal malignant polyps can be managed by use of trans‐anal resections (TAR). Traditional techniques of resection have been replaced by use of platforms such as trans‐anal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) or trans‐anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). This study reviewed the management of rectal malignant polyps, in particular focussing on when clinicians used TAR.

Methods

A population wide cohort study of all malignant rectal polyps diagnosed in Queensland, Australia from 2011 to 2018 was undertaken. Patient and pathological factors were compared across the management strategies of polypectomy, TAR and rectal resection.

Results

Overall 430 patients were diagnosed with a malignant rectal polyp during the study period, with 103 undergoing a TAR. There was increasing use of TAR across the study period as a management strategy (P < 0.001). Polypectomy alone was more likely to be the management strategy over TAR or rectal resection if there were clear margins (P < 0.001). The distance to the closest polypectomy margin was also significantly higher in the polypectomy group with mean clearance 2.09 mm in polypectomy group versus 0.86 mm in TAR group and 0.99 mm in resection group (P < 0.001). Rectal resection was more likely to be the management strategy over TAR if there was LVI (P < 0.001), depth of invasion was deeper (P < 0.001) and there was tumour budding (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

TAR is an effective management strategy for rectal polyps and is utilized particularly in rectal malignant polyps when there are close or involved margins. Future guideline development should consider incorporation of TAR given the advances in techniques afforded by TAMIS or TEM platforms.
Employee engagement, innovative work behaviour, and employee wellbeing: Do workplace spirituality and individual spirituality matter?
Authors: Salem Narjes Haj , Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq , Yaqoob Samina , Raza Ali , Zia Haleema
Published: July 2022

Promoting innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing has become essential as it endows companies with competitive advantages to thrive in today's complex business environment. This study investigates the role of workplace spirituality in inducing innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing based on the social exchange theory and the spillover theory. It also looks at the previously unexplored mediating function of employee engagement in the relationship between workplace spirituality and the outcomes above. Additionally, it examines the interactive effect of workplace spirituality and individual spirituality on employee engagement. Two waves of survey data were collected from 538 employees and their managers working in the IT sector in Pakistan. This study contributes to the expanding corpus of research on workplace spirituality, confirming that the latter positively influence innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing. The mediating effect of employee engagement on the relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing is also significant. Further, the results confirm that the influence of workplace spirituality on employee engagement is contingent on the degree of individual spirituality. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
HNRNPC downregulation inhibits IL‐6/STAT3‐mediated HCC metastasis by decreasing HIF1A expression
Authors: Liu Danfei , Luo Xiangyuan , Xie Meng , Zhang Tongyue , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Bixiang , Sun Mengyu , Wang Yijun , Feng Yangyang , Ji Xiaoyu , Li Yiwei , Liu Bifeng , Huang Wenjie , Xia Limin
Published: July 2022

RNA‐binding protein (RBP) dysregulation is functionally linked to several human diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a diverse family of RBPs involved in nucleic acid metabolism. A growing body of studies has shown that the dysregulated hnRNPs play important roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we found that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (C1/C2) (HNRNPC) had good performance in distinguishing between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal liver tissues through bioinformatics analysis. Further investigation revealed that HNRNPC was significantly correlated with multiple malignant characteristics of HCC, including tumor size, microvascular invasion, tumor differentiation, and TNM stage. Patients with HCC with positive HNRNPC expression exhibited decreased overall survival and increased recurrence rate. HNRNPC downregulation inhibited HCC invasion and metastasis. The decreased expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) was identified as the molecular mechanism underlying HNRNPC downregulation‐inhibited HCC metastasis by RNA sequencing. Mechanistically, HNRNPC downregulation decreased HIF1A expression by destabilizing HIF1A mRNA. HIF1A overexpression rescued the decrease in invasiveness and metastasis of HCC induced by HNRNPC downregulation. Additionally, interleukin (IL)‐6/STAT3 signaling upregulated HNRNPC expression in HCC cells, and knockdown of HNRNPC significantly inhibited IL‐6/STAT3‐enhanced HCC metastasis. Furthermore, anti‐IL‐6 antibody siltuximab significantly inhibited IL‐6‐mediated HCC metastasis. In summary, our research revealed the clinical value, functional role, and molecular mechanism of HNRNPC in HCC and showed the potential of HNRNPC as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and further therapeutic targets for HCC.
A prospective real-world study evaluating serum levels of arginine and cysteine in women with chronic telogen effluvium: do we really need blanket prescription of amino acid supplementation?
Authors: Arora Damini , Arora Pooja , Goyal Parul , Paliwal Purnima , Sardana Kabir
Published: July 2022

Amino acids form a major component of hair fibres and are prescribed routinely in the form of nutritional supplements in patients with chronic telogen effluvium (CTE). Such a practice is based on assumption of a nutritional deficiency state in such patients. In this prospective study, we evaluated the serum levels of cysteine and arginine in 30 women with CTE and in healthy controls. We found no significant difference between the two groups in terms of serum arginine levels. Cysteine levels were higher in patients with CTE (P < 0.001). No correlation was found between levels of serum amino acids (cysteine and arginine) and either diet type (vegetarian or not) or body mass index, and no significant correlation between levels of the two amino acids and severity of disease. Our work suggests that arginine and cysteine deficiency is not present in women with CTE. Supplementation is unlikely to be of any benefit in nutrient-replete populations and only adds to the cost of therapy.
Anifrolumab for treatment of refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Blum Franklin R. , Sampath Ashwath J. , Foulke Galen T.
Published: July 2022

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a spectrum of skin changes related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a family of autoimmunity manifesting characteristic multisystem inflammation and damage. Treatment of CLE continues to evolve, especially for patients with moderate to severe disease. Type 1 interferon (IFN-1) plays a significant role in CLE pathogenesis. Anifrolumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody, selectively binds and inhibits the IFN-α receptor 1. Evidence from multiple Phase II and III randomized trials resulted in approval for anifrolumab for treatment of moderate to severe SLE. We present a case series of three patients with refractory CLE significantly improved with anifrolumab. The patients were recruited via clinic interaction and treated with anifrolumab from January 2021 to April 2022. Each patient received at least 12 weeks of therapy. Treatment and follow-up is ongoing. Patients were eligible for the study if they were a patient of the UNC Hospital System with resistant CLE, defined as having received inadequate disease control with standard therapies, including antimalarials, disease-modifying agents and biologics. Outcome measures were improvement in patient-reported symptoms and physician observation of erythema and pigmentary changes. All cases demonstrated significant improvement in disease appearance, cutaneous involvement, and symptomology after treatment with 2 months of anifrolumab infusions. Anifrolumab shows great potential for improving CLE in patients who have failed standard of care and multiple treatment options, including those that have failed belimumab or those who smoke. This report highlights the value of anifrolumab in managing patients with refractory CLE.
Evidence in Norwegian child protection interventions – Analysing cases of familial violence
Authors: Løvlie Audun Gabriel
Published: July 2022

How is expert evidence used in care order proceedings when children are considered for foster care placement because of familial violence? What are important factors and how do the decision‐makers use and evaluate evidence from specialists and experts? In this in‐depth analysis of 104 published care order decisions from the Norwegian County Boards, I investigate how decision‐makers use and evaluate evidence from expert witnesses to determine whether a care order may be granted. The analysis shows that the evidence largely revolves around social functioning, care context and topics about how parents and children relate to each other. Led by the law, the decision‐makers use this evidence to determine whether the child's situation is harmful, whether support services are viable and whether a care order is in the child's best interests. I find that decision‐makers draw unevenly on evidence with regards to these legal requirements, and that the use predominantly defers to expert authority. However, there is also evidence of independent reasoning, where deferral to the epistemic authority of the experts is weakened. This is shown through evaluative and critical assessments and scrutiny of the disciplinary evidence.
The ban on corporal punishment in a senior high school in Ghana: The perspicacity of teachers at Northern School of Business
Authors: Quansah Joseph Y. D. , Kudadze Solace , Agoke William
Published: July 2022

The study investigated teachers' perspicacity at the Northern School of Business on the Ban on Corporal Punishment in Senior High Schools in Ghana. This study examined the perceptions of teachers on the policy of no corporal punishment in schools; explore alternative disciplinary methods teachers use and the implications of the ban on corporal punishment policy on students' behaviour. The study employed a descriptive research design using a questionnaire and interview as the major research instruments. The study sampled 30 of the 75 teachers in the school. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and figures. The study revealed that most teachers strongly agreed that the ban on corporal punishment is not appropriate for Ghanaian students. Most teachers are not aware of the alternative strategies to deal with students' misbehaviours and therefore consider corporal punishment as the only means of ensuring students' adherence to the rules and regulations governing the school. The study also revealed that the teachers believed that the absence of corporal punishment has led to gross indiscipline among students, resulting in poor academic performance. Therefore, this study recommends that the Ghana Education Service organize a workshop for the teachers on the alternative strategies to deal with students' misbehaviours to ensure discipline in Ghanaian Senior High School. Teachers and educational workers should be sensitized on corporal punishment and its implications on students.
Anti‐fat attitudes among Spanish general population: Psychometric properties of the anti‐fat attitudes scale
Authors: Macho Sergio , Andrés Ana , Saldaña Carmina
Published: July 2022

Weight discrimination is one of the worst forms of prejudice and is deeply rooted in society. The aim of this study was to adapt the anti‐fat attitudes scale (AFA) to the Spanish general population. The sample consisted of 1248 participants from the Spanish community population. They were recruited through the internet and participated voluntarily. Women (77.8%) were more predominant than men. Regarding body weight categories, 5.3% were underweight, 43.5% were normal‐weight, 24.9% were overweight and 26.3% had obesity. A cross‐validation method with an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three‐factor structure of the AFA. The Spanish version of the AFA showed a satisfactory internal consistency for all three factors, as well as adequate test–retest reliability after a 1‐month interval. Finally, the Spanish version of the AFA seems to be an adequate tool to assess negative attitudes towards obesity in both clinical and research settings. Men presented more negative attitudes towards obesity and were convinced that obesity is under someone's control. Women presented more fear of gaining weight. Normal‐weight people were those who discriminated more. Participants with overweight or obesity suffered more fear of gaining weight. There was no intra‐group discrimination between individuals with overweight and obesity.
Role of the electrocardiogram in differentiating genetically determined dilated cardiomyopathy from athlete's heart
Authors: Zaffalon Denise , Papatheodorou Efstathios , Merghani Ahmed , Dhutia Harshil , Moccia Eleonora , Malhotra Aneil , Miles Christopher J. , Attard Virginia , Homfray Tessa , Sharma Rajan , Gigli Marta , Ferro Matteo Dal , Merlo Marco , Papadakis Michael , Sinagra Gianfranco , Sharma Sanjay , Finocchiaro Gherardo
Published: July 2022

Background

Physiological cardiac remodelling in highly trained athletes may overlap with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in differentiating between physiological and pathological remodelling.

Methods

The study population consisted of 30 patients with DCM who revealed a pathogenic variant at genetic testing and 30 elite athletes with significant cardiac remodelling defined by a left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic diameter >62 mm and/or LV ejection fraction between 45% and 50%.

Results

The ECG was abnormal in 22 (73%) patients with DCM. The most common abnormalities were low voltages (n = 14, 47%), lateral T‐wave inversion (TWI) (n = 6, 20%), ventricular ectopic beats (n = 5, 17%) and anterior TWI (n = 4, 13). Two athletes revealed an abnormal ECG: complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) in one case and atrial flutter in the other. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the ECG in differentiating DCM from physiological adaptation to exercise in athletes was 73% (confidence interval [CI]: 54%–88%), 93% (CI: 78%–99%) and 0.83 (CI: 0.71–0.92) respectively.

Conclusions

While the ECG is usually normal in athletes exhibiting significant LV dilatation and/or systolic dysfunction, this test is often abnormal in patients with DCM harbouring a pathogenic variant. Low voltages in the limb leads and lateral TWI are the most common abnormalities.
Practical judgment as reflective judgment: On moral salience and Kantian particularist universalism
Authors: Vaccarino Bremner Sabina
Published: July 2022

Moral particularists and generalists alike have struggled over how to incorporate the role of moral salience in ethical reasoning. In this paper, I point to neglected resources in Kant to account for the role of moral salience in maxim formation: Kant's theory of reflective judgment. Kant tasks reflective judgment with picking out salient empirical particulars for formation into maxims, associating it with purposiveness, or intentional activity (actionon ends). The unexpected resources in Kantian reflective judgment suggest the possibility of aparticularist universalism, where recalcitrant particulars directly inform, and in some cases revise, moral principles. Such an account improves on particularist accounts of moral salience and moral perception: rather than deriving moral sensitivity solely from an agent's upbringing or cultural resources, the reflective dimension is situated alongside the universalist dimension of moral principles typically identified with Kantian ethics, allowing for a critical approach both to moral universals and to the reception of moral particulars.
Demographic histories shape population genomics of the common coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)
Authors: Payet Samuel D. , Pratchett Morgan S. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Berumen Michael L. , DiBattista Joseph D. , Harrison Hugo B.
Published: July 2022

Many coral reef fishes display remarkable genetic and phenotypic variation across their geographic ranges. Understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped these patterns remains a focal question in evolutionary biology since they reveal how diversity is generated and how it may respond to future environmental change. Here, we compare the population genomics and demographic histories of a commercially and ecologically important coral reef fish, the common coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus [Lacépède 1802]), across two adjoining regions (the Great Barrier Reef; GBR, and the Coral Sea, Australia) spanning approximately 14 degrees of latitude and 9 degrees of longitude. We analysed 4548 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across 11 sites and show that genetic connectivity between regions is low, despite their relative proximity (~100 km) and an absence of any obvious geographic barrier. Inferred demographic histories using 10,479 markers suggest that the Coral Sea population was founded by a small number of GBR individuals and that divergence occurred ~190 kya under a model of isolation with asymmetric migration. We detected population expansions in both regions, but estimates of contemporary effective population sizes were approximately 50% smaller in Coral Sea sites, which also had lower genetic diversity. Our results suggest that P. leopardus in the Coral Sea have experienced a long period of isolation that precedes the recent glacial period (~10–120 kya) and may be vulnerable to localized disturbances due to their relative reliance on local larval replenishment. While it is difficult to determine the underlying events that led to the divergence of the Coral Sea and GBR lineages, we show that even geographically proximate populations of a widely dispersed coral reef fish can have vastly different evolutionary histories.
Mobile healthcare (m‐Health) based on artificial intelligence in healthcare 4.0
Authors: Sharma Sunil Kumar , Al‐Wanain Mohammed Ibrahim , Alowaidi Majed , Alsaghier Hisham
Published: July 2022

Healthcare 4.0 is about collecting huge amounts of data and getting it to work in applications, enabling healthcare management decisions well‐informed while providing for important gains in effectiveness and cost control. Diagnostics based on the digital footprint depend on wearable technology's ability to gather and extract essential patient data. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies allow the analysis of real‐time observed data and continuously developing from data to understand the world surrounding them. To connect and access intelligent healthcare services, people, and devices at any time, a secure wireless mobile communication system is essential. This article suggests a mHealth‐based patient monitoring system (mHealth‐PMS) based on AI for healthcare 4.0. Mobile healthcare applications motorized by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have enabled people to triage their conditions and preemptive treatment decisions. Information collected has been analysed for substantiating cause, and alert and preventive messages have been immediately sent through the mobile application. The performance analysis has been executed, and the proposed mobile application‐based surveillance provided much‐enhanced reporting of information quickly on diseases, symptoms, factors, and more. The mHealth‐PMS strategy shows an accuracy ratio of 95.6%, monitoring ratio of 93.5%, data management ratio of 94.4%, data security ratio of 91.7%, data privacy ratio of 92.1%, prediction ratio of 95.3%, a cost‐effective ratio of 25.5% compared to the existing methods.
A survey of visual analytics in urban area
Authors: Feng Zezheng , Qu Huamin , Yang Shuang‐Hua , Ding Yulong , Song Jie
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, the population has been overgrowing due to urbanization, yielding many severe problems in the urban area, including traffic congestion, unbalanced distribution of urban hotspots, air pollution and so on. Due to the uncertainty of the urban environment, it always needs to integrate experts' domain knowledge into solving these issues. In recent years, the visual analytics method has been widely used to assist domain experts in solving urban problems with its intuitiveness, interactivity and interpretability. In this survey, we first introduce the background of urban computing, present the motivation of visual analytics in the urban area and point out the characteristics of visual analytics methods. Second, we introduce the most frequently used urban data, analyse the main properties and provide an overview on how to use these data. Thereafter, we propose our taxonomy for visual analytics in the urban area and illustrate the taxonomy. The taxonomy provides four levels for visual analytics on urban data from a new perspective based on the four stages in data mining. Four levels from our taxonomy include: descriptive analytics, diagnostic analytics, predictive analytics and prescriptive analytics. Finally, we conclude this survey by discussing the limitations of the existing related works and the challenges to visual analytics in the urban area.
Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Garrabou Joaquim , Gómez‐Gras Daniel , Medrano Alba , Cerrano Carlo , Ponti Massimo , Schlegel Robert , Bensoussan Nathaniel , Turicchia Eva , Sini Maria , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Teixido Nuria , Mirasole Alice , Tamburello Laura , Cebrian Emma , Rilov Gil , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Souissi Jamila Ben , Khamassi Faten , Ghanem Raouia , Benabdi Mouloud , Grimes Samir , Ocaña Oscar , Bazairi Hocein , Hereu Bernat , Linares Cristina , Kersting Diego Kurt , la Rovira Graciel , Ortega Júlia , Casals David , Pagès‐Escolà Marta , Margarit Núria , Capdevila Pol , Verdura Jana , Ramos Alfonso , Izquierdo Andres , Barbera Carmen , Rubio‐Portillo Esther , Anton Irene , López‐Sendino Paula , Díaz David , Vázquez‐Luis Maite , Duarte Carlos , Marbà Nuria , Aspillaga Eneko , Espinosa Free , Grech Daniele , Guala Ivan , Azzurro Ernesto , Farina Simone , Cristina Gambi Maria , Chimienti Giovanni , Montefalcone Monica , Azzola Annalisa , Mantas Torcuato Pulido , Fraschetti Simonetta , Ceccherelli Giulia , Kipson Silvija , Bakran‐Petricioli Tatjana , Petricioli Donat , Jimenez Carlos , Katsanevakis Stelios , Kizilkaya Inci Tuney , Kizilkaya Zafer , Sartoretto Stephane , Elodie Rouanet , Ruitton Sandrine , Comeau Steeve , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre , Harmelin Jean‐Georges
Published: July 2022

Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015–2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.
Potential for invasion of traded birds under climate and land‐cover change
Authors: Naimi Babak , Capinha César , Ribeiro Joana , Rahbek Carsten , Strubbe Diederik , Reino Luís , Araújo Miguel B.
Published: July 2022

Humans have moved species away from their native ranges since the Neolithic, but globalization accelerated the rate at which species are being moved. We fitted more than half million distribution models for 610 traded bird species on the CITES list to examine the separate and joint effects of global climate and land‐cover change on their potential end‐of‐century distributions. We found that climate‐induced suitability for modelled invasive species increases with latitude, because traded birds are mainly of tropical origin and much of the temperate region is ‘tropicalizing.’ Conversely, the tropics are becoming more arid, thus limiting the potential from cross‐continental invasion by tropical species. This trend is compounded by forest loss around the tropics since most traded birds are forest dwellers. In contrast, net gains in forest area across the temperate region could compound climate change effects and increase the potential for colonization of low‐latitude birds. Climate change has always led to regional redistributions of species, but the combination of human transportation, climate, and land‐cover changes will likely accelerate the redistribution of species globally, increasing chances of alien species successfully invading non‐native lands. Such process of biodiversity homogenization can lead to emergence of non‐analogue communities with unknown environmental and socioeconomic consequences.
Nurse‐led education of people with bleeding disorders and their caregivers: A scoping review
Authors: Ballmann Julia , Ewers Michael
Published: July 2022

Introduction

People with bleeding disorders (PwBd) and their caregivers face many challenges in developing viable self‐management strategies for living with the condition. Nurse‐led education can support them to overcome these challenges. However, it is often unclear what educational needs are addressed, how nurses educate PwBd and what didactic concepts they follow.

Aim

To gain deeper insights into nurse‐led patient education in haemophilia care and provide a basis for a more systematic and evidence‐based approach to this task.

Methods

A scoping review methodology was used. A systematic search for relevant publications on this topic was conducted in various databases between November 2020 and April 2021. Data sets were analysed following the PRISMA‐ScR‐checklist and using content analysis.

Results

Of 588 studies identified, 23 sources of evidence met the inclusion criteria. The educational needs of PwBd and their families are extensive, multifaceted, and variable but rarely assessed systematically. These needs were met at certain times throughout their lifetimes. Nurse‐led education differed in content, duration, and modality, including interventions such as information, consultation and instruction. An improvement in treatment‐oriented self‐management and self‐efficacy was the most reported outcome. The didactic concepts on which the educational interventions were based were rarely specified.

Conclusions

There is a lack of systematic approaches in assessing and addressing the educational needs of PwBd and their caregivers. High variability was found in the literature regarding nurse‐led patient education in haemophilia care. This suggests that more research is needed on this topic – not least on the interventions' conceptual foundations and impact models.
New insight on the role of Helicobacter pylori cagA in the expression of cell surface antigens with important biological functions in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Sukri Asif , Hanafiah Alfizah , Kosai Nik Ritza , Mohammed Taher Mustafa , Mohamed Ramelah
Published: July 2022

Background

Expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens changes according to disease status and inflammation. Profiles of CD antigens expression in gastric cancer patients are different based on the status of H. pylori infection.

Aims

We conducted this study to profile CD antigen markers in gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS cell line) infected with distinct cytotoxin‐associated gene A (cagA) genotypes of H. pylori clinical isolates.

Methods

The AGS cells were infected with H. pylori isolates with different cagA genotypes, and CD antigens expression was determined using DotScan™ antibody microarray. Formation of “hummingbird” phenotype was determined, and the percentage was calculated.

Results

H. pylori strains harboring cagA upregulated the expression of CD antigen involved in cancer stem cell formation (CD55), but downregulated CD antigens involved in immune regulation (CD40 and CD186) and cell adhesion (CD44). CD54 (neutrophil adhesion) and CD71 (iron transfer) were highly downregulated in the gastric cells infected with Western cagA isolates compared with East Asian isolates. CD antigen expression was different in the cells infected with H. pylori harboring different CagA EPIYA (Glu‐Pro‐Ile‐Tyr‐Ala) numbers, in which higher repression of CD54 and CD15 (Lewis x antigen) were observed in the isolate with the highest number of EPIYA motif. Furthermore, higher downregulation of CD15 was observed in the infected gastric cells with high percentage of “hummingbird” phenotype than that of low percentage of “hummingbird” phenotype.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated the critical roles of CD antigens in the CagA pathogenesis and should be investigated further.
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases with mucocutaneous manifestations: A pediatric rheumatology perspective
Authors: Koker Oya , Aktay Ayaz Nuray
Published: July 2022

The presence of mucocutaneous manifestations has clinical significance, as it may be a part of the initial presentation or activation stage of both autoimmune and autoinflammatory rheumatic diseases. The cutaneous signs may display a particular morphological and topographic distribution according to taxonomy, whereas heterogeneity is likely observed among the individuals. The review aims to cluster and systematically approach the mucocutaneous manifestations met in autoimmune and autoinflammatory rheumatic diseases of childhood. The search strategy involved a comprehensive inquiry on Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases using relevant search terms such as “dermatologic, cutaneous, mucocutaneous, skin, rash” for each disease and category. The awareness of the distinctive mucocutaneous manifestations and their correlation with rheumatic diseases provides a convenient definition, well‐timed control of the underlying condition, and prevention of cosmetic issues. In the management of rheumatic diseases, planning the pertinent differential diagnosis and determining the requirement of histopathological assessment are essential with a multidisciplinary approach to rheumatology, dermatology, and allergy‐immunology specialties.