bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Sharing Centers Lead Digital Transformation in the Era of Great Wisdom Moves to the Cloud Taking Sichuan Changhong as an Example
Authors: Xu Ke , Yu Xinyu , Zheng Yongjie
Published: January 2024

Due to the information technology industry's rapid development, digital transformation has become the key to enterprise development. This essay is based on the historical context of the "great wisdom moves to the cloud" era, taking Sichuan Changhong as an example to conduct research, and discovers the lack of value in the traditional financial sharing center in the process of digital transformation. In order to address this issue, this paper comprehensively uses methods such as literature research, case analysis and data statistics to study and analyze the operation model and effect of the financial sharing center, and reveal its advantages and potential. Research has found that digital financial sharing centers can increase the speed and precision of financial business procedures, reduce costs, and provide more timely financial data and analysis results, thereby improving organizational decision-making capabilities. This research has important reference value for how enterprises deal with decision-making implementation issues arising from digital transformation. It provides useful experience and inspiration for other enterprises in the construction of financial sharing centers, and promotes the development of enterprises in digital transformation.
Navigating the Technological Revolution: Unveiling the Drivers of Soaring Tech Stocks and Investment Opportunities
Authors: Yang Zonglin
Published: January 2024

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing technology stock performance, a sector that captivates investors due to its rapid growth and innovation potential. By examining macroeconomic factors, industry-specific dynamics, and company-level management and governance, the research aims to elucidate their impacts on stock prices and returns. Macroeconomic indicators such as interest rates and economic growth cycles are assessed alongside industry trends like R&D intensity and competitive dynamics. Additionally, the study evaluates the role of corporate governance in shaping investor perceptions and stock performance. The findings offer investors deeper insights for informed decision-making and identify directions for future research, providing actionable recommendations for navigating the technology investment landscape.
Analysis of Zhejiang Heping Financing Lease Model in the Context of Dual-Business Integration
Authors: Ma Ningwei
Published: January 2024

Zhejiang Heping Automobile Sales and Service Co., Ltd., established in 2000, is a leading automotive sales enterprise integrating car sales and repair services. Undergoing three stages of development, namely, expanding and strengthening car sales, venturing into financing leasing, and consistently enhancing efficiency, the company has successfully achieved a clever integration of "financing leasing + car sales." This integration ensures a steady and ample supply of funds for the enterprise while simultaneously increasing profits. Seizing the opportunities of era development and conducting a rational analysis of the industry's strengths and weaknesses, Zhejiang Heping has innovatively adopted a new approach, combining "car sales + tunnel boring machine financing leasing," thereby ensuring a robust cash flow for the enterprise, continuously expanding business operations, reducing operational risks, and increasing overall company returns.
Financial Risk Evaluation and Prevention and Control Methods of Listed Companies in China's Electric Power Industry
Authors: Jingwen You
Published: January 2024

With China's economy entering the stage of rapid development, the competition of listed companies in the electric power industry belonging to the national economy is also very fierce, and it is easy to appear many problems related to financial risks. Through the research on the current situation of financial risk of listed companies in the power industry, this paper has an in-depth understanding of the types of corporate financial risk and the ways of evaluation, and discusses the ways of preventing financial risk combined with the concrete practice, so as to provide some feasible suggestions for promoting the further development of listed companies in the power industry. The types of financial risks are very complex, and enterprise managers need to make accurate decisions on the long-term development of the company according to the actual situation, so as to help the normal operation of the financial market and promote the progress of society.
Research on the Quality Development of Qingdao Tourism Based on GIS
Authors: Liu Xinyue
Published: January 2024

With the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and the increasing development of service industry, tourism is becoming more and more important for the proportion of regional economic development. In recent years, Qingdao tourism develops rapidly, while promoting regional development, tourism chaos appears. For the high quality development of Qingdao tourism, it is very important to think about the existing problems and solve the problems encountered in the development of tourism. This paper will make a gray correlation analysis on various factors affecting the development of Qingdao tourism: resource advantage, infrastructure and market demand, analyze the impact of different factors on the development of Qingdao tourism, and draw a conclusion: The grey correlation degree of the total number of domestic tourists, air and railway passenger volume ranks the top three, indicating that these three factors play an important role in Qingdao's tourism development. The correlation degree between star-rated hotels and tourism development is the least, indicating that their impact on tourism development is not as great as expected. At the same time, combined with climate, policy and other factors, this paper puts forward suggestions for Qingdao's tourism development.
Path to Realizing the Value of Data Assets: A Case Study of AF Entertainment
Authors: Zhang JiaYuan
Published: January 2024

Over recent years, big data and its derivatives have become significant indicators reflecting a company's operational status. Consequently, focusing on data asset construction has increasingly become an unavoidable topic in business management. This paper examines AF Entertainment as a case study to analyze the composition, realization path, valuation methods, approaches to identification, measurement, disclosure, and summarizes its role in corporate development, future trends, and suggestions to promote standardized development of data assets.
Research on Full-Chain Operation of Products from the Perspective of Digital Empowerment ---- Taking Xiaomi as the Case
Authors: Fu Jiangtong
Published: January 2024

As a native digital enterprise, Xiaomi Company created a model for developing, producing, and marketing products. In order to analyze the full-link process of product operation and users' evaluation, providing suggestions for the company's future product improvement, this paper uses three models of House of Quality, flow chart, and fish-bone diagram for analysis. All the graphs are original. It makes a questionnaire for a broader range of users' views. Through the House of Quality, it is found that customers' most critical needs are storage capacity and system running speed, and Xiaomi has a particular reputation gap compared with Huawei, Apple, and other leading enterprises. Through the flow chart, Xiaomi established hunger marketing and pre-sale marketing strategies and formed a procurement and production model based on strategy. The fishbone diagram is used to analyze the problem of Xiaomi's mobile phone card machine. The report makes recommendations from three aspects, research, personnel, and supply chain, to improve Xiaomi's operation management.
How Global Macroeconomic Uncertainty Affects the Equity Risk Premium
Authors: Wei Mohan
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces a new measure for global macroeconomic uncertainty that captures both upside and downside risks using a no-arbitrage asset pricing framework. The study uses a dynamic panel threshold model to analyze quarterly data from 20 countries between 1996 and 2020, incorporating macroeconomic and financial market variables, as well as risk aversion factors. The findings reveal a significant nonlinear effect of global uncertainty on stock risk premiums. High global uncertainty increases the premium investors require for global market risks but decreases it for local market risks. The study also indicates that during uncertain times, investors display risk-averse and liquidity-seeking behavior, opting for safer and more liquid assets. The impact of global macroeconomic uncertainty on stock risk premiums is found to be long-lasting.
A Study of the Marketing Strategy of the High-End Streetwear Brand Off-White and Its Implications
Authors: Wang Shining
Published: January 2024

Off-White, established in 2013 by the fashion designer Virgil Abloh, has gained significant recognition in just a few years, positioning itself alongside other top luxury brands. Behind this success lies Off-White's remarkable marketing strategy. This study employs research methods such as literature review, case analysis, and summarization to analyze Off-White's brand marketing strategy. By conducting comparative research, the marketing distinctions between Off-White and other top luxury brands are identified, demonstrating Off-White's strong affinity in comparison. Based on the successful marketing strategy of Off-White, the study highlights four insights: building a friendship with consumers, networking upwards, broadening brand audiences through collaborations, and expanding brand influence through social media. The study aims to provide a reference for the marketing of Chinese clothing brands.
Research on Main Innovations and Implementation Path of the New Chinese Higher Education Financial Regulation
Authors: Xiaoyong Liu , Min Hong , Mengjia Li
Published: January 2024

The recently introduced Financial System for Institutions of Higher Learning, hereinafter referred to as the "new system," represents a significant stride towards reform and efficiency in China's higher education sector. Crafted with precision, this system aims to blend the unique characteristics of higher education institutions with the principles of reform while keeping a problem-oriented perspective at its core. One of the core goals of this initiative is to boost operational efficiency. This is achieved by seamlessly integrating the new System with updated budget management regulations, the government accounting system, and state assets management procedures. This alignment with financial guidelines for public institutions is a strategic move towards fostering greater financial stability and sustainability. The genesis of these financial and economic reforms can be traced back to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Over time, these reforms have evolved in four key dimensions, signaling a profound transformation in how financial management and governance operate within the higher education realm. The effective implementation of the new system is poised to elevate the standards of financial management and governance efficiency within higher education institutions, thereby furnishing a dependable foundation for the pursuit of high-quality developments in the realm of higher education.
Empirical Study on Financing Constraints of Small and Micro Enterprises in Taizhou
Authors: Lai Yuan
Published: January 2024

The development of regional and private economies has been hindered by the persistent challenges faced by small and micro companies in securing financing. This study develops an empirical framework to examine financing limitations and conducts a comparative analysis on the financing constraints faced by small and micro firms in Taizhou. The analysis is based on a dataset specifically collected for small and medium-sized enterprise financing. Research indicates that capital structure factors have an impact on the investments of both medium-sized enterprises and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). However, MSMEs tend to face more severe limitations in accessing financing compared to medium-sized enterprises. Additionally, the presence of assets that can be used as collateral is found to significantly influence the level of indebtedness for MSMEs, whereas its effect on medium-sized enterprises is less pronounced. The article presents a range of countermeasure proposals aimed at addressing the financing challenges faced by MSMEs. These proposals encompass several key areas, including the establishment of a policy support system that promotes collaboration across multiple sectors, the provision of differentiated credit support, the restructuring of the financing credit guarantee system, and the advancement of digital inclusive finance to enhance the precision of financial services for MSMEs.
An Analysis of Huawei's Financing Decisions, Investment Decisions, and Operational Decisions
Authors: Tang Ziming
Published: January 2024

Enterprises play a crucial role in the integration of research, technology, and economic development, and their significance within the scientific and technology innovation system remains prominent. The decision-making process pertaining to funding, investment, and operations holds significant importance in the business activities of an enterprise. The rationality of these decisions directly influences the long-term success of the enterprise. Hence, it is imperative for organizations to thoroughly evaluate all facets when making decisions in order to mitigate the likelihood of encountering risks associated with financing, investment, and operational decision-making. This study utilizes a literature review approach and financial statement analysis method to gather and arrange relevant literature on the topic. Data tables are collected, and key information is derived from them. Finally, the findings are organized and summarized. This paper presents an analysis of Huawei's financing decisions, investment decisions, and operational decisions by drawing upon relevant literature from both domestic and international sources. The study also incorporates some specific case studies of Huawei to illustrate these concepts. The paper highlights several successful strategies implemented by Huawei that are worthy of emulation. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide valuable insights and recommendations to assist enterprises in making informed investment and financing decisions, thereby facilitating improved operational performance and overall development.
The Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion on Urban and Rural Citizens' Consumption in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Pang Ming , Huang Shiting
Published: January 2024

In order to create a harmonized society, it is important to reduce the urban-rural consumption disparity. Digital financial inclusion plays a major role in weakening the rural-urban consumption gaps and promoting common prosperity. Zhejiang Province is located in southeastern China, with a large population and developed economy. For the past few years, moreover, its rapid growth in the field of digital economy has enabled it to lay a deep foundation for the growth of digital financial inclusion. This paper explores the influence of the current growth of digital inclusive finance on the consumption of urban and rural residents in Zhejiang Province by selecting each city's panel data at the prefecture level in Zhejiang Province during the period of 2011-2021.Results displayed: firstly, as digital financial inclusion grows in Zhejiang, both rural and urban consumers will benefit from it;Secondly, the growth of digital financial inclusion will have a more remarkable effect on the consumption of rural residents than that of urban residents, i.e., urban-rural consumption disparities in Zhejiang Province can be narrowed by digital financial inclusion.
Analysis of Western Apparel Brands Localization in China
Authors: Song Shixuan
Published: January 2024

With China's reform and opening up, this market with huge consumer potential has attracted the attention of thousands of capital brands from other parts of the world over the past four decades, and more and more international brands are facing the same problem when entering the Chinese market - how to make their brands take root in China. This paper examines the localization of international brands in China from the perspectives of the international apparel market and the local Chinese culture. Through questionnaire analysis, this paper concludes that in the Chinese market, the more closely Chinese traditional culture is adhered to, the more it will win the favor of local consumers and so on. This study provides a reference value for the present and future survival of apparel brands in China in terms of profit growth, as well as a reference value for the future entry of international brands into other emerging markets.
Research on the Optimization Measures for Live Marketing of Domestic Beauty Brands-Taking Huaxizi as an Example
Authors: Lu Yizhou
Published: January 2024

The online celebrity live streaming marketing model is a new marketing model. This paper takes Huaxizi as an example to analyze the main problems in the online celebrity live streaming marketing of domestic beauty brands, and propose effective optimization strategies. Research has found that there are four issues with online celebrity live streaming marketing: a lack of reasonable planning, a single online celebrity live streaming method that is prone to aesthetic fatigue, exaggeration of product functions to induce consumers to purchase, and a serious low feasibility of commercialization of online celebrity live streaming content. And specific suggestions and countermeasures were given for these four issues: make a good live broadcast plan in advance and remind the broadcast to start in a timely manner; increase the marketing content and methods of online celebrity live streaming, and innovate through innovation; remind consumers to consume reasonably and ensure product quality; and online celebrity live streaming needs to maintain a balance between content and business. Finally, it is expected that this article can provide reference case inspiration for the research on the online celebrity live streaming marketing model of domestic beauty industry brands, and bring certain reference value to relevant enterprises in the industry.
IPO Fund Raising and Chinese Markets IPO Suspension
Authors: Zhu Gexuan
Published: January 2024

During the period spanning from 2007 to 2021, China had substantial increase in its Gross Domestic Production (GDP). However, it is noteworthy that this rise was not mirrored by a commensurate expansion in China's A-share market. When examining the performance of China's stock market in relation to other major global economies within the same time frame, it becomes evident that the overall returns of China's stock market are comparatively lower. For example, Standard & Poors 500 increased 236.11%, Nasdaq Composite Index increased 547.75%, the German Stock Index 30 increased 109.99%, and Nikkei Stock Average (Nikkei 225) increased 66.21%, whereas Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index increased 33.41%. Based on the monthly Initial Public Offering (IPO) proceeds of China's stock market from 2007 to 2021, this paper comprehensively examines the impact of IPO activities on China's stock market, including the correlation coefficients among IPO fundraised, index amplitude, index return, and GDP. By studying the correlation between the Chinese All-securities Index (CSI) data and IPO fundraising, as well as exploring the impact of policy changes on the market, it can be concluded that IPO fundraising itself has a limited impact on market returns. The low yield in China's country's stock market might be due to corporate information asymmetry, corporate information fraud, and imperfect supervision. The contributions of this paper include the summary and interpretation of China's IPO and related data, the interpretation of China's IPO reform and other policy actions, and the suggestions for the future development direction of China's market.
REVISIÓN DE LA INCLUSIÓN FINANCIERA EN PARAGUAY
Authors: Duarte Sanchez Derlis Daniel , Guerrero Barreto Rafaela
Published: January 2024

La inclusión financiera garantiza que hombres y mujeres tengan las mismas oportunidades de acceder a servicios y productosfinancieros. Esto permite que ambos géneros puedan mejorar los recursos financieros necesarios para emprender, invertir, ahorrary asegurar su bienestar económico. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la inclusión financiera en Paraguay. Para lo cual,se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la búsquedabibliográfica en bases de datos del Banco Central de Paraguay sobre, “Indicadores de Inclusión Financiera”, específicamenteel informe (desagregados por sexo), se incluyó los informes desde diciembre del 2015 a diciembre del 2022. Para la discusión,se utilizó análisis teórico del tema en cuestión. Los principales resultados arrojaron que; en Paraguay hay inclusión financieraentre hombres y mujeres, es más, las mujeres son mejores en ahorro programado y ahorro a plazo fijo, se comprueba que lasmujeres ahorran más que los hombres. En cuanto a los préstamos por actividades, en el comercio al por menor, y, en actividadesindustriales, ellas realizan más préstamos para financiar estas actividades, además, hay más cantidad de participación de mujeresque los hombres. En los préstamos en actividades de agricultura, ganadería, compra al por mayor, servicios, vivienda y consumosen general, existe más participación de hombres, pero en todas las actividades, se comprueba que hay participación de mujeres.
Analisa Metode Penangulangan Kerusakan Penurunan Setempat (Depresion) pada Mata Kuliah Pemeliharaan Prasarana Bandar Udara
Authors: Utama Risqi Wahyu Jati , S Suse Lamtiar , A Wahyu Dwi , Damayanti Sisxa
Published: January 2024

Genangan di landas pacu 24-06 Bandar Udara International Juwata Tarakan secara keseluruhan memiliki 32 titik genangan dengan total luasan genangan 1.073,435 m2 yang hanya menutupi 1,06% dari keseluruhan landas pacu serta memiliki kedalaman genangan terdalam disetiap sepertiga landas pacu sesuai derajat kerusakan yaitu sedang pada STA 0+000 – 0+750 dan 1+500 – 2+250 hingga berat pada STA 0+750 – 1+500. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode penangulangan genangan air yang sesuai dengan kondisi landas pacu Bandar Udara International Juwata Tarakan yaitu dengan cara mengunakan salah satu metode penangulangan genangan air yang diantaranya Metode Kegiatan Pelapisan Ulang atau Lapis tambahan (Overlay), Metode Penambalan (Patching), Pelapisan Slurry Seal Aspal Emulsi Tipe CSS-1h, CQS-1h dan  SS-1h pada Titik Genangan.
Clinical studies and meta-analysis on the effects of collagen, vitamin, and nutrient supplementation for the rejuvenation of collagenic fibers: a systematic review
Authors: Rocha Michelle Silva , Aquino Lorenna Lemos de , Barbosa Laís Lyrio , Souza Isabela Lyrio de , Carvalho Edinaldo Marinho de , Brítez Luís Eduardo Ocáriz , Gonçalves Gabriela de Oliveira , Lopes Vinícius Bezerra , Silva Jessyca Nauana Fernandes
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Collagen prevails in connective tissues, constituting 80% of the dry weight of human skin. Aging induces a decline in enzymes involved in the post-translational processing of collagen, reducing the number of fibroblasts that synthesize collagen and the vessels that irrigate the skin. Oral ingestion of hydrolyzed collagen together with vitamins and nutrients (especially apple exosomes) increases the levels of collagenderived peptides in the bloodstream and improves skin properties. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review to elucidate the main results of clinical studies and meta-analyses of clinical studies on the effects of supplementation of types of collagen, vitamins, and nutrients for the rejuvenation of collagen fibers. Methods: The search was carried out from October to December 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 122 articles were found, and 12 articles were evaluated in full, and 07 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 26 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=62.4%>50%. Oral nutritional supplements containing collagen peptides can reduce skin vulnerability in the elderly and thus prevent conditions such as skin lesions. The direct effects of collagen peptides on fibroblasts, M2-like macrophages, and mechanisms related to oral tolerance are the possible mechanisms for the beneficial effects of collagen supplementation. Special collagen peptides together with acerola extract, vitamin C, vitamin E, biotin, and zinc showed a significant improvement in the skin's collagen structure. The proven positive nutritional effect on collagen structure was fully consistent with the quality of healthy skin. Finally, apple-derived nanovesicles (exosomes) also reduce the degradation of the extracellular matrix, increasing collagen synthesis (COL3A1, COL1A2, COL8A1, and COL6A1) and negatively regulating the production of metalloproteinases.
Navigating perspectives of students and faculty: Language of instruction in Indian medical education
Authors: M Jeyashri , Parmar Dharitri , Somila Harsh , Gupta Reshu , Desai Kalpan , Sojitra Dharmesh , Katriya Sumita
Published: January 2024

Background: The introduction of medical education in a regional language in Maharashtra, India, has ignited a wide-ranging discussion within the medical community. It is important to obtain the perspectives of Indian medical students and faculty about the same as it can create a direct impact on their career. This article delves into the various perspectives of students and faculty regarding this initiative. It explores the historical backdrop of medical education in India and the evolving role of language, especially English, within the field.

Aims and Objectives: The objective is to obtain the perspectives of students and faculty of medical educational institutes in India and to compare their opinion after grouping them based on their seniority, workplace (native state or migrated), and language of instruction during their schooling.

Materials and Methods: The study is a multi-centric observational cross-sectional research conducted by two medical colleges in India (Government Medical College, Surat and RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur). It encompasses a nationwide online survey carried out by sharing a pre-designed questionnaire as a Google Form link from June to August 2023, following approval from the institutional ethical committees of both medical colleges. The responses were analyzed to compare the perspectives of different groups of participants regarding the need for the English language as well as regional languages for various requirements in the medical field, using Epi-info software version 7.2.5.0.

Results: The results reveal that the majority of participants, including undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and faculty prefer English as the medium for medical education. However, the preference for regional languages is relatively higher among pre-clinical students and those with regional language schooling. The study also highlights that most participants believe English is essential for collaboration with the global medical community, higher studies, job opportunities, and competitive exams, whereas regional languages may facilitate a better understanding of concepts and doctor–patient communication.

Conclusion: While the majority favors English as the medium for medical education, the introduction of regional languages may have its own merits. The decision to choose the medium of instruction for medical education should consider a balance between the linguistic diversity of India and the need for a globally recognized standard medical education system.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-reprotoxic effects of kaempferol and vitamin E on lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in male rats
Authors: Khafaji Sura
Published: January 2024

Background:
The heavy metals cause repro-toxicity via oxidative stress and suppress the antioxidant enzymes. Kaempferol and vitamin E possess antioxidant properties that can counteract the deleterious heavy metals effects.
Aim:
The present study was directed to investigate the protective role of kaempferol, alone or with vitamin E, on testicular toxicity mediated by lead acetate in male rats.
Methods:
Fifty adult male rats were randomly grouped into five groups (n=10): the control group received 5ml distilled water, and the Pb group was I.P injected with 20 mg/kg of lead acetate. Pb + Vit. E group received Pb with 100 mg/kg of vitamin E, Pb + KAF group received Pb with 50 mg/kg of kaempferol, Pb + KAF + Vit. E group received Pb with kaempferol and vitamin E for six weeks.
Results:
The testicular levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, steroidogenic enzyme, serum testosterone, FSH, interleukin -10, and sperm function were significantly decreased in the Pb group compared with all experimental groups. These parameters were significantly elevated in Pb + KAF + Vit. E group compared to other experimental groups. Lead acetate caused elevation in testicular malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa, and sperm abnormality compared to all treatment groups. All these parameters were significantly declined in the Pb + KAF + Vit. E group and Pb + KAF group compared with the Pb group. The fold changes of pituitary FSHβ, GnRHr, and LHβ, and testicular CYP11A1, LHr, and FHr gene expression were significantly upregulated in Pb + KAF + Vit. E group compared with all experimental groups. Additionally, KAF + Vit. E have the potential to improve the testicular regeneration in seminiferous tubules, Leydig, and Sertoli cells.
Conclusion:
Administration of kaempferol alone or with vitamin E can mitigate lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in rats via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current research is the first to demonstrate that kaempferol can exert a preventive role in testicular dysfunction.
Host immune responses against African swine fever virus: Insights and challenges for vaccine development
Authors: Orosco Fredmoore
Published: January 2024

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a serious threat to global swine populations, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate interplay between innate, cellular, and humoral immunity against ASFV, with a focus on their relevance to vaccine development. By delving into immunopathogenesis and immunological challenges, this review article aims to provide a holistic perspective on the complexities of ASFV infections and immune evasion. Key findings underscore the critical role of innate immune recognition in shaping subsequent adaptive immune defenses, potential protective antigens, and the multifaceted nature of ASFV-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T cell responses. Despite advancements, the unique attributes of ASFV present hurdles in the development of a successful vaccine. In conclusion, this review examines the current state of ASFV immune responses and offers insights into future research directions, fostering the development of effective interventions against this devastating pathogen.
Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic reticulitis associated with abomasal obstruction in beef cattle during late pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Yong Kang , Luo Zhengzhong , Yang Qingwen , Li Yunning , Lv Qian , Dai Xixi , Zhong Liangpeng , Huang Yixin , Cao Suizhong
Published: January 2024

Background:
Traumatic reticulitis (TR) and abomasal obstruction are common digestive diseases in beef cattle. In clinical practice, these two conditions are often detected alone and rarely occur at the same time. Surgical therapy is an effective approach to treat both of these diseases. However, there are no reports on the treatment of abomasal obstruction in cattle induced by TR.
Case Description:
We here report a rare case of the diagnosis and treatment of TR associated with abomasal obstruction in a beef cow during late pregnancy. The affected cattle had an iron wire that was piercing the wall of the reticulum, but did not penetrate the wall; the abomasum was blocked and appeared solid; and the fetus survived well in utero (268 days gestation). To save the lives of the cow and fetus on the same day, a cesarean section was first performed, followed by rumenotomy, the foreign body (wire) was removed, and abomasotomy was finally performed. The fetus removed by cesarean section grew well, and the beef cow recovered and has successfully become pregnant again.
Conclusion:
This case thus offers guidance for the timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and postoperative management of these digestive diseases in cattle to prevent progression and further complications.
Optimalisasi Pemberdayaan Kader Posyandu Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Stunting di Kelurahan Kudamati
Authors: Madiuw Devita , Muskita Marleen , Tahanora Feby
Published: January 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kudamati, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Kota Ambon dengan sasaran mitra kader posyandu Kelurahan Kudamati. Kegiatan dimaksudkan untuk membantu mengatasi permasalahan yang ada pada mitra yaitu: 1) Kader belum pernah melakukan deteksi risiko stunting pada ibu hamil karena tidak ada instrumen yang tersedia; 2) Belum optimalnya keterlibatan kader posyandu dalam program deteksi dini stunting berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, solusi yang ditawarkan, yaitu: 1) perlunya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan tentang program deteksi stunting yang relevan dan terupdate; 2) perlunya peningkatan keterlibatan kader melalui pendampingan deteksi risiko stunting yang dilakukan oleh kader terhadap ibu hamil dan balita. Hasil pengabdian ini yaitu peningkatan pengetahuan post-test sebesar 95,4% dan peningkatan keterampilan pengisian instrumen SIDIK SIAMA pada seluruh kader posyandu.
Challenging Orthodoxy: State Immunity from Court Supervisory Jurisdiction in Investor-State Disputes?
Authors: Wu Elizabeth , Boo Lawrence
Published: January 2024

This article considers the role of national courts in investment treaty arbitrations between an investor and a host-State. While the ICSID arbitration regime provides for an a-national approach, the choice of alternative arbitral institutions or rules in an investment treaty could bring into issue the role of the courts of the place of arbitration. It is suggested that the involvement of a sovereign State as a party to such arbitration proceedings raises issues of state immunity not encountered in international commercial arbitrations. While an agreement in an investment treaty to arbitrate an investor-state dispute confers jurisdiction on an arbitral tribunal to determine the dispute, there is presently no global consensus that such an agreement alone amounts to a waiver of immunity of the host-State from the jurisdiction of other national Courts. Absent such waiver of jurisdiction, the court of the place of arbitration would lack legitimacy to exercise any ‘supervisory’ jurisdiction over the host-State party to ensure compliance under its domestic legislation. The authors suggest that national legislatures should consider this when reviewing applicable domestic laws on international arbitration and state immunity. Treaty negotiators should be aware as well of such limitations.

State immunity, waiver of immunity, investment arbitration agreement, investor-State dispute, international arbitration, immunity from jurisdiction, court of the seat, supervisory jurisdiction
To Bear the Stamp: NN Global And its Ramifications to Arbitrations in India
Authors: Jassal Anmol
Published: January 2024

The constitution bench of the Supreme Court of India had in N.N. Global Mercantile Private Limited v. Indo Unique Flame Ltd. and Others, held that non-stamping or insufficient stamping of the underlying agreement would render the arbitration agreement contained therein as non-existent and unenforceable. This article attempts to analyse the likely effects of the decision on all petitions filed before the courts relating to arbitration including the seeking appointment of arbitrators, the jurisdictional powers of the arbitrators and the applications seeking grant of interim measures pending the constitution of arbitral tribunal.

stamp duty, agreement, arbitration, valid, enforceable
Pros and Cons of Data Pricing and Access Policies
Authors: Elbakry Sammia-Sarafina
Published: January 2024

The sharing of benefits of space activities is a principle that is repeated throughout several legal instruments that regulate outer space as a key principle. These legal instruments offer very little guidance in how to interpret this principle and what the scope of its corresponding obligation is. Considering the shift to privatization and commercialization of space activities, defining this principle becomes ever more pressing to be able to assess and solve the discrepancy between legal obligations and contemporary developments in the use of space. The supply and use of Earth Observation (EO) data provides a particularly fertile case study to illustrate this. Different pricing policies are analysed with particular regard for the benefit principle, but also taking into account the interests of commercial and private actors as participants of a developing EO data market. Currently, there is no definite consistency in pricing and access policies. To secure this balance between the needs of the EO data market and the obligation that the benefits principle holds, a binding international regulation on EO data access, pricing and further (re)distribution could offer the consistency and stability the commercial EO data market needs to mature while also protecting social and scientific interests.

Earth Observation, EO, data pricing policies, open data policies, benefits, New Space, outer space, law, principles, Outer Space Treaty
Air Blue (Pvt) Ltd v. Judge Consumer Court (West) Islamabad & Another
Authors: Nawaz Samar Abbas
Published: January 2024

The High Court of Islamabad, Pakistan, has ruled that courts would follow the international conventions on air carriage as prescribed in the Carriage by Air Act, 2012 while deciding the quantum of damages against air carriers for the liability arising from international air carriage. The court affirmed it while deciding that aggrieved parties are free to choose between a special consumer court or a civil court when bringing claims against an air carrier under the Carriage by Air Act, 2012.

Pakistan, aviation law, consumer protection, jurisdiction, special court
The Evolution of the Ground Handling Service Provider’s Liability for Paying Immigration Fines in International Air Transport
Authors: Riđanović Berin
Published: January 2024

This article elaborates on the liability of ground handling services providers for paying immigration fines and the evolution of liability in international air law. The ground handling service provider and the carrier usually conclude a Standard Ground Handling Agreement, according to which the ground handling services check the validity of passenger documents and, depending on the signed contract, assume liability for paying immigration fines to the carrier. It is a strategic decision by carriers and ground handling providers for which version of the Standard Ground Handling Agreement to opt. It is noticeable that with each new version of the Standard Ground Handling Agreement, the liability of ground handling service providers for damage is increased. The payment of an immigration fine represents a reduction in the property and liability of the ground handling service provider. The legal nature of the carrier’s liability for the immigration fines is not the compensation of damages but the payment of legal penalties, which are determined by the country’s national law when the passenger does not meet the conditions for entering the country.

Standard Ground Handling Agreement, liability, immigration fines, ground handling service provider
The Principle of Legality of Taxation as a General Principle of EU Law: National and Supranational Differences of Interpretation and Potential Difficulties
Authors: Vlugt Sam van der
Published: January 2024

The principle of legality of taxation has gained a supranational status by means of its transplantation out of the national setting to a general principle of EU law by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In this article the two cases in which the Court has given a first supranational interpretation of the principle are discussed, as well as the Research Note the Court published before rendering its judgment in these two cases. This European translation contains an uncertainty as to the representative democratic elements of the principle that are closely connected to its historical development in several national legal contexts of Member States. With the European principle being rooted in the national legal orders of the Member States, this current discrepancy stands at odds with the material scope in several Member States, which ascribes clear democratic elements to the principle. Thus, the main question addressed after taking a look at the national interpretations and the representative democratic elements contained therein in the Netherlands, France, Italy and Germany, is if the omission of these democratic elements can prove to become an obstacle for future harmonization or integration in taxation. The focus will lie on the current mode of norm-creation in above-state settings and the creation of ‘genuine’ own resources for the EU.

principle of legality of taxation, legal transplantation, deliberative democracy, constitutionalism
Consumer Law Entangled: Comparative Approaches in European Private Law After Aziz and Addiko Bank
Authors: Dworniczak Dominik
Published: January 2024

This paper argues that an EU-focused viewpoint is not sufficient to adequately characterize developments in European private law. It proposes to take a critical look at the core activity of national courts. The paper begins with a comparison between two consumer law cases decided by the European Court of Justice (ECJ): Aziz and Addiko Bank, showing that the same problem already solved in Aziz still existed at the national level years later (Addiko Bank). By presenting two reasonings, one of the second referring court and one of the ECJ, it is shown how consumer law is nationally entangled. In the second part, the paper proposes a solution, namely that the disentanglement can be achieved by conducting a comparative study of national case law through four lenses: spotlighting, comparing, functionalizing and Europeanizing. It is argued that such a comparative approach in European private law could facilitate moving beyond entanglements not perceivable solely from an EU-focused viewpoint. It would allow for a broader view of the efficacity of European private law from a bottomup perspective. And this perspective, in turn, would help in tackling some of the systemic shortcomings of European private law (including consumer law) developed on the basis of the ECJ case law.
Ownership without Owner in the Czech Trust (Sketch on Margo Trust in the Czech Law)
Authors: Tichý Luboš
Published: January 2024

The Czech legislator did not address the exceptionality of the ownership (patrimony) law which Quebec Civil Code (CCQ) authorises (a property without owner) for particular purpose as patrimony right by appropriation in the fiducie (trust) regulation when it was adopted into the Czech legal system (§ 1448 of the Czech Civil Code – CCC). However, the Czech law lacks a transposing provision in the sense of Article 2(2) or Article 915 CCQ (‘property belongs to persons or to the state or, in certain cases, is appropriated to a purpose’) justifying deviations from the concept of a uniform ownership right. In accordance with the concept of ownership in Czech law expressed in the mandatory provision of Article 1011 CCC, this right must belong to a certain person. The solution of the “Czech problem” therefore consists in the personification of the trust, which as a legal person has the status of a fiduciary owner of the trust property. This model does not affect the substance of the ownership of the appropriated (trust) property. The Czech trust may dispose of it only in accordance with its purpose, which is expressed in its by-laws. The flexibility of the trust remains fully preserved in this model. During its lifetime, it is possible to change the persons in the position of trustee or beneficiary or to change the purpose of the trust. The implementation of our model can be done by interpreting the applicable legislation (teleological reduction). However, a change in the wording of section 1448 CCC would better contribute to legal certainty.
While English Lawyers Say No, Civil Lawyers Say Yes. The Intriguing Case of Frustration of Purpose in Comparative Law
Authors: García Long Sergio
Published: January 2024

A curiosity in comparative law is found in the doctrine of frustration of purpose, created by the English courts in 1903, which never took flight and remained a rarity of exceptional application, but at the same time, it was looked upon favorably by certain civil lawyers – especially Latin-Americans – who defended the importation of frustration of purpose with urgency. This paper explains that frustration of purpose is unnecessary and redundant for Civil Law jurisdictions.
Consumer Protection by the ECJ in Unit-Linked Group Contracts: On Transparency, Liability and Nullity under the UCPD
Authors: Vereecken Jasper
Published: January 2024

This case note addresses the ECJ’s drafting of essential information to be given to a consumer in the event of a unit-linked group contract. This information enables consumers to make an informed decision. The ECJ subsequently qualifies the failure to transfer this information as a misleading omission under Article 7 UCPD, which in turn may result in a violation of the transparency requirement enshrined in the UCTD. Liability of the traders on whom the responsibility rests to furnish this information is also examined in this comment, as the ECJ makes a distinction between the responsibilities of traders and intermediaries. The Polish action for annulment when the traders infringe the UCPD was lastly deemed compliant with the UCPD and proportionate by the ECJ, thereby using a cross-reference to its case law in the field of consumer credits on the requirement that national sanctions have to be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. The possible consequences of this cross-reference method are discussed afterwards.