bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Pulsating Heat Pipe With Different Working Parameters Affecting The Performance
Authors: Suresh J. Venkata , Bhramarab P. , Kalayan A. Sai , Khaleel MD. Abdul , Sathwik K.
Published: October 2023

Every area of engineering is advancing, which is driving up demand for more compact and efficient heat transfer devices. Pulsating heat pipe development results from this (PHP). For managing moderate to high heat fluxes, PHP is a passive two-phase heat transfer device best suited for power electronics and related applications. A tiny diameter tube that is closed end to end to form a loop, is typically used. After being evacuated, the tube is partially filled with a working fluid. The applied heat flux determines the internal flow patterns in a PHP. The thermo-hydrodynamic properties of these devices are highlighted in this work. According to the state of the art, the device has to satisfy at least three thermo-mechanical boundary criteria in order to work as a pulsing heat pipe. Internal tube diameter, applied heat flux, and filling ratio are examples of this. The number of turns and thermo-physical characteristics of the working fluid also have a significant impact on the thermal behaviour. In addition, the report offers a review of previous studies on the use of pulsing heat pipes. Lastly, open questions regarding the process by which PHP operates with various working fluids, validation methods, and applications are explored.
A contemporary advancement of intelligent machining and sustainability aspects in hard machining area: A Critical Review
Authors: Khatai Saswat , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Kumar Ramanuj , Panda Amlana
Published: October 2023

The intelligent manufacturing devotes considerable effort to towards machining process. This phenomenon is engendered by the growing demand for advanced machining process for manufacturing of precise parts by adopting optimization techniques. This article illustrates the most significant developments in the sustainability aspects as well as optimization and modelling techniques adopted to solve the problems and complexity in hard machining process. Machining realisation necessitates recent and future breakthroughs in technological innovations for Industry 4.0. A significant amount of focus is also paid to the different sustainability aspects, modelling strategies and performance analysis during hard machining process. Many avenues for future study on the needs of intelligent manufacturing are discussed in this article. The future directions for intelligent machine systems and sustainability factors are also discussed for the green, sustainable, and high dimensional accuracy manufacturing in hard machining area.
Intra-Operative Blood Conservation During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Vertrees Roger A. , Auvil Jackson , Rohrer Charlene , Rousou John H. , Engelman Richard M.
Published: October 2023

The Haemonetics Cell Saver, a device developed for the recovery of autologous blood, was evaluated at our institution. The major areas of concern in evaluating this device were: quantity of blood salvaged, reduction in blood bank usage and a possible monetary savings to the patient.

This study consists of 33 consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac procedures requiring systemic heparinization and cardiopulmonary bypass. Of these 33 adult patients, a group of 13 patients using autotransfusion was compared to a control group of 20 cardiac patients without autotransfusion.

In the group of 13 autotransfused patients, a mean of 6.6 units of bank blood was used throughout their entire hospital stay, as compared to 9.7 units of bank blood in the nontransfuscd group. This is a significant reduction in blood usage and, since the cost of the Haemonetics software is recovered with two units of blood, a reduced cost to the patient was realized.
A Technique For Infusion of Hypothermic Cardioplegic Solutions
Authors: Hurdle Michael , Djuric Michael , Mork Greg , Mammana Robert B.
Published: October 2023

The infusion of a hypothermic cardioplegia solution has been accepted as a beneficial adjunct to routine open cardiac procedures.

Methods of cardioplegia infusion vary greatly in terms of efficiency, consistency, and ease of operation.

We have developed an infusion system which has proven safe, reliable, economical, and easily implemented. The system has been utilized in over 170 clinical cases with excellent results and will be described below.
The application of various papercutting elements in packaging design
Authors: Xu Qianqian
Published: October 2023

Outstanding packaging design can improve the attractiveness of products and thus increase their competitiveness in the market. This article incorporated traditional papercutting into packaging design and conducted a case analysis of the designed packaging scheme. In the analysis process, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to construct the evaluation structure, and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to conduct preliminary evaluations of the design scheme. Further analysis was then carried out based on the direction indicated by the preliminary evaluation. The results suggested that the CNN algorithm had better evaluation performance compared to the back-propagation neural network and support vector machine algorithms. The comparison between the CNN evaluation results and the manual evaluation results further confirmed the evaluation performance of the CNN algorithm. The integration of papercutting elements in the packaging design effectively enhanced the visibility and attractiveness of the packaging.
Whole body occupational exposure in industrial radiography in Cameroon (2012–2022)
Authors: Njiki C.D. , Tella T.C. , Ben Bolie G.H. , Beyala Ateba J.F. , Simo A. , Ebele Yigbedeck Y.H.
Published: October 2023

Whole body doses records of industrial radiography workers in Cameroon were analyzed in this study. Average annual effective dose and collective effective dose were estimated from dose records of 2012 to 2022. The average annual effective dose for monitored workers in the periods 2012–2022 and 2020–2022 were respectively equal to 1.28 mSv and 0.41mSv, and the average annual effective dose for measurably exposed workers in the periods 2012–2022 and 2020–2022 were respectively equal to 1.61 mSv and 0.66 mSv. The average annual effective dose for monitored workers in the period 2020–2022 is lower than the global value of 1.10 reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report). The highest collective effective doses were obtained in 2013 and 2014 and were equal to 0.131 man.Sv and 0.126 man.Sv respectively. Many cases of high exposures and one case of effective dose limit exceeded were recorded during the period 2012–2022. Investigations carried out showed that high exposures were mainly caused by high workloads, working in elevated levels, failure to follow operational procedures, equipment malfunction or defect.
„Früher haben wir in der Neuroreha Rezepte befolgt, um Diagnosen zu behandeln“ – Interview mit Peter Oesch
Authors: Janssen Christina
Published: October 2023

Dr. phil. Peter Oesch ist Physiotherapeut, bereits seit mehr als 40 Jahren in der Neurorehabilitation tätig und leitete zuletzt die Therapien der Kliniken Valensin der Schweiz. Er berichtet ergopraxis-Beirätin Christina Janssen von den Veränderungen, die er in der Neuroreha während seines Berufslebens beobachtet hat und welche Herausforderungen auf künftig tätige Therapeut*innen aller Professionen zukommen werden.
Fundierte Orientierung für die Therapie mit jungen Kindern – AOTA-Leitlinie: Frühe Kindheit
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: October 2023

Die American Association of Occupational Therapy (AOTA) veröffentlichte im Jahr 2020 eine aktualisierte Leitlinie für Ergotherapie in der frühen Kindheit. Diese wertet die vorhandene Forschung aus und gibt Empfehlungen für Interventionen, die sich an Kinder bis zu fünf Jahren und deren Familien richten. Florence Kranz hat einige der darin enthaltenen Empfehlungen zusammengefasst.
Akzeptieren statt bekämpfen – Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie (ACT)
Authors: Sanning Nico
Published: October 2023

In der Ergotherapie begegnen wir immer wieder Klient*innen mit anhaltenden Schmerzen. Die Ursache dafür zu finden, ist häufig mit einer Odyssee zu verschiedenen Ärzt*innen und Therapeut*innen verbunden. Der neu entdeckte noziplastische Schmerz bietet eine Erklärung für die Beschwerden und ermöglicht neue Therapieansätze wie die Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie.
Reducing the Rate of Premature Births through Early Diagnosis and Pregnancy-Adapted Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Torremante Pompilio , Berge Nils Kristian , Weiss Christel
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which regular monitoring of maternal free thyroxine level and pregnancy-adapted L-thyroxine replacement therapy before and during
pregnancy in patients with existing or newly diagnosed latent and manifest hypothyroidism as well as hypothyroxinemia can influence the rate of premature births.

This is a retrospective cohort study assessing 1440 pseudonymized survey questionnaires to evaluate the risks of premature birth with two study groups from the same medical practice, and
a nationally recruited control group. Study group A (n = 360) had already been taking L-thyroxine prior to conception, study group B (n = 580) started taking it after conception. Both
study groups had a maximum gestational age of 12 + 0 GW. In the study groups, TSH and free thyroxine levels were determined regularly for dose adjustment purposes. The aim was to keep the
free thyroxine level in the euthyroid hyperthyroxinemic range within the pregnancy adapted reference range. The control group (n = 500) had taken L-thyroxine during pregnancy according to
criteria that were not known, as the questionnaire did not include any questions regarding this matter. Taking other risk factors into account, the influence of pregnancy-adapted
L-thyroxine replacement therapy on the rate of premature births was determined using logistic regression analysis.

Compared with the control group, the premature birth rate was 70% lower (p < 0.0001) in study group A and 42% lower in study group B (p = 0.0086), while the odds ratio, at 3.46, was
particularly significant in study group A. High blood pressure (odds ratio 5.21), body mass index per kg/m2 (odds ratio 0.91) and S. p. premature birth were identified as other
independent risk factors.

The results show an association between more intensive thyroid diagnostics and pregnancy-adapted L-thyroxine replacement therapy and a decrease in premature births. Further studies should
be conducted to confirm these results.
Mit Erschöpfung umgehen lernen – Energiemanagement-Schulung bei Fatigue
Authors: Herrmann Hanna
Published: October 2023

Für viele lange unbekannt, ist der Begriff Fatigue im Zuge der Coronavirus-Pandemie und „Long Covid“ in den Fokus der Medien geraten und somit auch für die breite Bevölkerung bekannter geworden. Die Energiemanagement-Schulung ist für Betroffene eine wesentliche Unterstützung dabei, ihren Alltag wieder in den Griff zu bekommen.
Zugang für alle? – Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Bracher Gaby
Published: October 2023

Die meisten Therapeut*innen wünschen sich Gerechtigkeit, sowohl für sich selbst als auch für ihre Klient*innen. Wenn Forderungen danach Gehör finden sollen und man Maßnahmen umsetzen möchte, muss man den Begriff allerdings in seiner Anwendung schärfen. Als Teil einer Gesellschaft haben wir alle die Möglichkeit, für das einzustehen, was uns als gerecht erscheint. Denn der Kampf wird nicht ausschließlich auf dem großen politischen Parkett geführt, sondern auch in unser aller Alltag.
Einführung in die LH-Kieferorthopädie
Authors: Huang Eric Chun-yi , Yu Kenko Jian-hong
Published: October 2023

LH (low hysteresis; gering hysteretisch) ist ein neu entwickelter, verbesserter
Bogendraht aus einer superelastischen Ti-Ni-Legierung (entwickelt von der Tokyo
Medical and Dental University). Üblicherweise wird die Behandlung mit
einem LH-Bogen als LH-Kieferorthopädie bezeichnet. Das Konzept der
LH-Korrektur „mit nur einem Draht bis zum Ende“ ist der Kern der
LH-Kieferorthopädie. Bei einem LH handelt es sich um einen
„rechteckigen“ Bogendraht aus einer Ti 53%-Ni
47%-Legierung. Bei einer Behandlung im Rahmen der
LH-Kieferorthopädie kommt nahezu kein Draht mit rundem Querschnitt zum
Einsatz. Der rechteckige LH-Bogen wird vom ersten Tag bis zum Ende der
Behandlung verwendet. In den bisherigen Behandlungskonzepten wurde die
Behandlung immer vom Runddraht zum Rechteckdraht durchgeführt, wobei der
Schwerpunkt zunächst auf der Ausrichtung und danach auf der Kontrolle
der Zahnwurzeln lag. Der LH-Bogen ist ein weicher, rechteckiger Draht, der vom
ersten Tag an versucht, die Ausrichtung der Zähne zusammen mit der
Kontrolle der Zahnwurzeln durchzuführen.
Eine vergleichende In-vitro-Studie zur Haftfestigkeit von mit Kleber
vorbeschichteten und nicht vorbeschichteten Brackets
Authors: Wendl Thomas , Wendl Brigitte
Published: October 2023

In dieser Arbeit wurde die Haftfestigkeit vorbeschichteter Brackets mit Brackets,
bei denen der Kleber erst beim Bonding auf die Bracketbasis aufgebracht wird,
verglichen. Die Haftfestigkeit der geklebten Brackets am Schmelz wurde mittels
Abscherversuche mit einer Instronmessmaschine (Vorschubgeschwindigkeit
0,5 mm/Min) ermittelt und der am Schmelz verbliebene
Kleberanteil mit dem modifizierten Adhesive Remnant Index=ARI
(Stereomikroskop der Fa. Zeiss) bestimmt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mit dem
SPSS-Programm. Beim Vergleich zweier Mittelwerte wurde der T-Test für
unabhängige Stichproben angewandt und das Signifikanzniveau auf
p<0,05 festgelegt. In beiden Gruppen konnte die von Reynolds geforderte
Mindesthaftfestigkeit von 5–8 MPa erreicht werden, einen
signifikanten Unterschied gab es nur bei den Unterkieferfrontzähnen.
ARI-Index: In 20 von 30 Fällen blieb in der Gruppe ohne
Kleberbeschichtung>90% des Klebers auf der
Schmelzoberfläche. Das APC System zeigte auch ein ähnliches
Frakturmuster, dennoch war ein etwas besserer Verbund Kleber /
Bracketbasis zu erkennen.
Klimawandel und vektorübertragene Infektionen in EuropaTeil 1: Überblick und mückenübertragene Infektionen
Authors: Schönherr Sebastian , Jung Laura , Trawinski Henning
Published: October 2023

Der Klimawandel, globale Umweltveränderungen und die Globalisierung führen weltweit aufgrund von Veränderungen der Verbreitungsgebiete, vermehrten Spillover-Ereignissen und einem gesteigerten Übertragungsrisiko zu einer Zunahme mancher Infektionskrankheiten. Besonders vektorübertragene Krankheiten sind betroffen, da sich Vektor- und Wirtspopulationen den sich ändernden Bedingungen anpassen. Steigende Temperaturen und eine Zunahme der Luftfeuchtigkeit begünstigen vielfach die Vermehrung von u. a. Zecken und Mücken, was das Risiko für Dengue-, Zika-, West-Nil- und Chikungunya-Virus-Infektionen sowie Borreliose und Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME) in Europa erhöht. Auch Sandmücken, die Leishmaniose übertragen, breiten sich verstärkt in Mittelmeerländern aus. Angesichts des wachsenden Infektionsrisikos verschiedener Erkrankungen sind verstärkte Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Überwachung von vektorübertragenen Infektionskrankheiten in Europa geboten.
From insights to impact: leveraging data analytics for data-driven decision-making and productivity in banking sector
Authors: Gul Raazia , Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh
Published: October 2023

This research stems from the disturbing phenomenon known as digital transformation and the colossal data creation. A vast amount of data has been produced as a result of increased usage of digital technologies to generate commercial value. However, data does not hold any value, so organizations are motivated to invest in data analytics and make informed decisions to enhance their performance. Against this backdrop, this study investigates the impact of data-driven decision-making (DDDM) on productivity in the presence of data analytics capability of Pakistan’s banking sector. We explore this link based on innovation diffusion theory using Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Square. A composite index of DDDM was developed based on primary data collected through online survey. This index is then regressed on actual productivity measures for 2016–2020. The findings suggest that banks exploiting analytics and adopting DDDM methods results in an increase in productivity of about 9–10%. It further indicates that DDDM adoption with an investment in data analytics leads to enhanced productivity.
The impact of war on insurer safety: a contingent claim model analysis
Authors: Huang Fu-Wei , Lin Panpan , Lin Jyh-Horng , Chang Ching-Hui
Published: October 2023

Determining the optimal guaranteed rate of life insurance policies can effectively promote sustainable societies and disaster-resilient communities in times of war. Nevertheless, such strategic coverage remains uncommon in many countries. This article presents a capped-down-and-out call option model to assess life insurers’ safety during conflicts. Wars may lead to reduced life insurance businesses due to lower guaranteed rates set by insurers, yet they can also improve insurer safety within an imperfectly competitive insurance market. By increasing the surrender rate of the policy associated with reducing the optimal guarantee rate, the insurer’s security is improved, thereby contributing to the stability of the overall insurance. Our findings suggest setting guaranteed rates is critical to asset-liability matching management, especially in wartime, to maintain insurance stability.
Geopolitics, conflict, and decoupling: evidence of Western divestment from Russia during 2022
Authors: Evenett Simon J. , Pisani Niccolò
Published: October 2023

How foreign firms doing business in Russia responded to the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has received extensive media scrutiny. Publication lags in official and private databases on international corporate activity, traditionally used to investigate cross-national commercial ties, preclude short-term assessments of foreign firms’ responses. However, as geopolitical events unfold quickly, such assessments can offer valuable insights. In this paper, we advocate for and implement a replicable, near-time methodology that is executed at arms-length to track foreign corporate responses to geopolitical events which can inform both academic debate and policy deliberation. We apply it to the ongoing Russia–Ukraine conflict, estimating Western corporate divestment rates from Russia during the first 9 months of the conflict. Our findings, confirmed by extensive robustness checks, result in divestment rates in the range of 5–13%. This range is interpreted in light of the prevailing sanctions regime as well as the divestment rate witnessed after Russia’s invasion of Crimea in 2014. We also discuss the competing, often policy-induced, incentives facing international business during a time of growing geopolitical rivalry and draw implications for the design of sanctions regimes. Avenues for future research are also outlined.
Simulating aerosol transmission using realistic anatomical models of respiratory systems
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: October 2023

Aerosol dynamics and flow characteristics are simulated using realistic anatomical models, essential for understanding the spread of many diseases
MTJ-based random number generation and its application in SNN handwritten digits recognition
Authors: Chen Xiaomi , Li Hai , Fan Haodong , Fu Jiayu , Zhou Tiejun
Published: October 2023

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that require synapse weight initialization using random numbers have been widely used in the neural morphological system. However, the random numbers generated by traditional digital circuits have certain repeatability, and the entire computing architecture has issues such as high resource consumption and low integration. In this letter, a hardware system for true random number generation is realized through integrating a magnetic tunnel junction, a memory cell of MRAM (magnetic random access memory) chips, with an interface circuit and using the same mechanism as writing data in spin transfer torque MRAM. The generated true random numbers are evaluated using NIST SP800-22 standard and are used for synapse weight initialization in an SNN system. The recognition rate of the system initialized by the generated true random numbers is about 84% for an MNIST handwritten digit dataset, which is 2%–3% higher than that using a traditional linear feedback shift register. The reported work provides a new approach for better SNN performance.
A novel method for the dynamics of worms in wireless sensor networks with fuzzy partition
Authors: Alsaadi Ateq , Dayan Fazal , Ahmed Nauman , Baleanu Dumitru , Rafiq Muhammad , Raza Ali
Published: October 2023

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained much interest due to their enormous potential in civil and military applications. The power and radio communication capabilities of the sensor nodes are limited. Because sensor nodes have limited resources, they have weak defense capabilities and are attractive targets for software attacks. Worm-based cyberattacks are among the most significant threats to computers and WSNs’ security and integrity. In this article, a five-compartmental WSN epidemic model is considered. We conducted an investigation into equilibrium analysis and the reproductive number, followed by the development of a nonstandard finite difference numerical scheme for our model. The outcomes of our numerical simulations are then presented. This method yields reliable predictions, which can be valuable for regulators when making decisions related to designing and implementing control strategies. Furthermore, some interesting properties of the developed scheme are investigated, such as positivity, convergence, and consistency. The developed scheme preserves the essential characteristics of disease epidemic models like positivity, convergence, and consistency.
Herglotz type conservation laws for nonconservative nonholonomic systems
Authors: Dong Xinchang , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2023

The Herglotz variational principle offers an effective method for studying nonconservative system dynamics. The aim of this paper is to study the conservation laws of nonholonomic systems by using the Herglotz type generalized variational principle and establish Noether’s theorem and its inverse theorem for this system. In deriving the equations of motion, we use the Suslov definition of the reciprocity relation between differential and variational operations. First, the Herglotz type generalized variational principle is listed, and the Herglotz type Chaplygin equations for nonconservative nonholonomic systems are deduced. Second, Noether’s theorem and Noether’s inverse theorem are established, and the Herglotz type conservation laws are given. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the practical implementation of the findings.
On the shock wave structures in anisotropy magnetoplasmas
Authors: Albalawi Wedad , Hammad Ma’mon Abu , Khalid Muhammad , Kabir Abdul , Tiofack C. G. L. , El-Tantawy S. A.
Published: October 2023

In this work, the propagation of nonlinear electrostatic shock wave structures in an anisotropy pressure magnetoplasma composed of warm inertial ions and inertia-less Maxwellian electrons is reported. For this purpose, the technique of reductive perturbation is applied for reducing fluid equations of the current model to the Korteweg–de Vries Burgers (KdVB) equation with a second-order dissipative term and the KdVB–Kuramoto (KBK) equation with both second- and fourth-order dissipative terms. The impact of various plasma parameters, including the parallel ion pressure, perpendicular ion pressure, and dissipation parameter, on the significant characteristics of the shock wave profile is examined and discussed. In addition, a comparison between the profiles of KdVB shocks and KdVB–Kuramoto shocks is reported. We expect that KBK shock wave amplitudes become larger than the KdVB ones by taking the fourth-order dissipative into consideration. Thus, the results of the KBK equation may treat the difference between the theoretical and laboratory results or satellite observations.
Structure-based design of nanobodies that inhibit seeding of Alzheimer’s patient–extracted tau fibrils
Authors: Abskharon Romany , Pan Hope , Sawaya Michael R. , Seidler Paul M. , Olivares Eileen J. , Chen Yu , Murray Kevin A. , Zhang Jeffrey , Lantz Carter , Bentzel Megan , Boyer David R. , Cascio Duilio , Nguyen Binh A. , Hou Ke , Cheng Xinyi , Pardon Els , Williams Christopher K. , Nana Alissa L. , Vinters Harry V. , Spina Salvatore , Grinberg Lea T. , Seeley William W. , Steyaert Jan , Glabe Charles G. , Ogorzalek Loo Rachel R. , Loo Joseph A. , Eisenberg David S.
Published: October 2023

Despite much effort, antibody therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have shown limited efficacy. Challenges to the rational design of effective antibodies include the difficulty of achieving specific affinity to critical targets, poor expression, and antibody aggregation caused by buried charges and unstructured loops. To overcome these challenges, we grafted previously determined sequences of fibril-capping amyloid inhibitors onto a camel heavy chain antibody scaffold. These sequences were designed to cap fibrils of tau, known to form the neurofibrillary tangles of AD, thereby preventing fibril elongation. The nanobodies grafted with capping inhibitors blocked tau aggregation in biosensor cells seeded with postmortem brain extracts from AD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients. The tau capping nanobody inhibitors also blocked seeding by recombinant tau oligomers. Another challenge to the design of effective antibodies is their poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. In this study, we also designed a bispecific nanobody composed of a nanobody that targets a receptor on the BBB and a tau capping nanobody inhibitor, conjoined by a flexible linker. We provide evidence that the bispecific nanobody improved BBB penetration over the tau capping inhibitor alone after intravenous administration in mice. Our results suggest that the design of synthetic antibodies that target sequences that drive protein aggregation may be a promising approach to inhibit the prion-like seeding of tau and other proteins involved in AD and related proteinopathies.
Geometric circuit analysis
Authors: Hong Seok-In
Published: October 2023

The Smith rectangle symbolises the resistor and its width, height, aspect ratio, and area represent the current through, the voltage across, the resistance of, and the power dissipated in the resistor, respectively. In this article, the mosaic of rectangles (MOR) is introduced as a geometric approach to connected planar resistive network circuits with an ideal voltage source. In the MOR, the geometric Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws are expressed as width and height conservations, respectively and are automatically satisfied. Four basic circuits are considered as applications of geometric circuit analysis. Resistors in series and in parallel are analysed using the MOR, and the effect of changing one resistor is visualised by superposing the initial and new MORs. The effect of loading an unloaded voltage divider with a parallel resistor is also visualised. The Wheatstone bridge is explored as an example of rather complicated resistive networks and the consistency of the assumed current directions, the shape of the MOR, and the geometric Kirchhoff’s laws is discussed. The geometric and game-like circuit analysis would be beneficial to high school and university students as well as their teachers.
A numerical study on high-velocity impact behaviour of ceramic composite laminates
Authors: Thakur Nitin , Kumar Pramod , Bharj Rabinder Singh , Bahl Shashi , Singh Omender , Sharma Prince
Published: October 2023

Currently, silicon carbide (SiC) is of enormous concern because of its high compressive strength,high thermal conductivity, high thermal shock resistance and small coefficient of thermal expansion. SiC has its applicability in armored vehicles, hypersonic armaments, and bullet-resistant armours in the future. The current focus is on understanding the behavior of SiC as used in laminated ceramic armours during the ballistic impact for its profound use in armoured vehicles. To achieve these objectives, computational simulations have been performed for the aforementioned materials using ANSYS/AUTODYN. It was concluded that when SiC was used as a front layer in laminated armours, it significantly increased the strength of the material against the hitting projectiles. The aforementioned composite material was even successful against the sniper gun projectile. The optimized thickness for the given configuration was found to be 41 mm with the consideration of approximately 50% depth of penetration. The modeled configuration was found to be approximately nine times stronger than the conventional laminated armours. The current study was compared with the previous experimental studies and the results were in good agreement. This agreement solely pertains to the pattern observed and not to individual values. It indicated the difference in % age DOP for the present research and previous studies with the increasing thickness of laminated armour. The trend observed was nearly similar to previous experimental studies. This showed that the DOP was reduced, as the thickness increased. Moreover, the previous studies showed that only ALON (aluminium-oxynitride) and sapphire had the required strength to act as a hard front-faced layer in laminated glass, but the current study improvised it to a Silicon carbide hard front-faced layer also.
GW_CLASS: Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background in the cosmic linear anisotropy solving system
Authors: Schulze Florian , Valbusa Dall'Armi Lorenzo , Lesgourgues Julien , Ricciardone Angelo , Bartolo Nicola , Bertacca Daniele , Fidler Christian , Matarrese Sabino
Published: October 2023

The anisotropies of the Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) retain information about the primordial mechanisms that source the gravitational waves and about the geometry and the particle content of the universe at early times. In this work, we discuss in detail the computation of the angular power spectra of CGWB anisotropies and of their cross correlation with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies, assuming different processes for the generation of these primordial signals. We present an efficient implementation of our results in a modified version ofCLASSwhich will be publicly available. By combining our new codeGW_CLASSwithMontePython, we forecast the combined sensitivity of future gravitational wave interferometers and CMB experiments to the cosmological parameters that characterize the cosmological gravitational wave background.
Structural Performance of Buildings with Tension-Only Braced Frame Under Seismic Loading
Authors: Kusumastuti D , Maura F I
Published: October 2023

In accordance with SNI 1726-2019, structures with tension-only braced frames (ToBF) can be used as seismic force-resisting systems for seismic design category (SDC) A to C, with a height of up to 10m. Limited study was done on this subject, hence a numerical study was conducted to better understand the structural performance. The models studied were of regular structures of SDC D, varying in height. The analyses used modal response spectrum analysis (MRSA) for design, and linear response history analysis (LRHA) to evaluate the response. Finally, pushover analyses were conducted to determine the structural performance levels. The study shows that structural design can be done for all models using MRSA, satisfying all requirements. When evaluated using LRHA, results reveal that requirements were not satisfied for structures with heights exceeding 10m. Analysis when reviewed using pushover analysis, results show that the performance levels for all buildings are Immediate Occupancy. However, for models with height exceeding 10m, first yielding occurs at a lower base shear than the design base shear, indicating that the value of R used may not be adequate. Further review reveals that the ToBF can be used as a seismic force-resisting system, with proper design and arrangements.
Seismic Performance of Ordinary and Damage-tolerant Concrete Beam-column Joints under Reversed Cyclic Loading
Authors: Suprobo P , Tambusay A , Suryanto B , Nelson J.J.M
Published: October 2023

The adoption of the capacity design principle in modern codes of practice allows for multi-storey frame structures to exhibit ductile behaviour in a major earthquake without collapsing. Whilst the risk of shear failure in regions of large inelastic deformation can be largely reduced, the detailing requirements in capacity design often leads to reinforcement congestion that adds difficulty during the construction process, due to the high amount of transverse reinforcement required to provide shear resistance and confinement. The work presented in this paper forms a part of a wider research programme that aims to simplify the detailing requirements of transverse reinforcement in the joint and plastic hinge regions of moment-resisting frame structures. To this end, damage-tolerant concrete known as engineered cementitious composite (ECC) was used to substitute concrete in these critical regions. In this article, the results of reversed cyclic tests on two half-scale exterior beam-column joints, constructed with ordinary concrete and ECC, are presented. Key features of the response such as the reversed cyclic hysteresis loops, stiffness degradation and cumulative energy dissipation are discussed, along with crack development under reversed cyclic loading in the form of digital strain maps.
The behavior of slab on pile structure with a variation of support end interconnection under earthquake load according to the SNI 2833:2016
Authors: Aritonang T S M , Setiawan A F
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the behaviour of the slab-on-pile (SOP) structure with variations support end interconnection under earthquake loads. Analysis of the SOP structure using macro modelling of numerical analysis. The SOP structure model is developed with three variations of the model with different support conditions, namely Model 1 with the end of the structure attached to the pile head and spun pile, Model 2 with the end of the structure attached to roller support, and Model 3 with the end of the structure not being supported, or the same as the cantilever system. Earthquake load is assigned using two methods according to SNI 2833:2016, namely the Single-mode Spectra Method and the Response Spectrum Method. Based on the analysis results, the vibration period of the SOP structure calculated by the single mode spectra method is 0.60 seconds for the first mode and 0.34 seconds for the second mode. Based on the numerical analysis results, the vibration period of Model 3 is greater than that of other models. The maximum internal forces and the most significant displacement occur in Model 3, while the most considerable base reaction occurs in Model 1. The magnitude of the base shear force occurs because Model 1 uses more piles, thus increasing the stiffness of the structure. This results in an increase in seismic forces but reduces displacement of the structure. Furthermore, for the analysis and design of SOP structures, Model 3 is the most reliable because this model produces the maximum load effect and the most significant displacement of the structure.
Pushover analysis in slab-on-piles bridge using reinforced concrete-filled spun piles
Authors: Riyono C A S , Satyarno I , Setiawan A F , Awaludin A
Published: October 2023

Slab-on-piles is a bridge structure consisting of a continuous pile as a pier, pile head, and slab. Generally, the spun pile is chosen as the pile pier because of the quick construction and low maintenance. However, due to the hollow section with prestressed concrete, without filler, it has weakness in the form of brittle failure under bending moment and shear. Some studies mention that the initial failure occurs due to an explosion in the inner surface of the hollow spun pile or on the surface of the hole. The implementation spun pile for the slab-on-piles bridges should consider that behavior. Therefore, some practical engineers usually use concrete-infill treatment, however, the performance improvement in the nonlinear behavior needs to be known. This study investigates the use of hollow spun piles filled with concrete and normal reinforcement for a slab-on-piles bridge structure. This type of spun pile will be referred to as a reinforced concrete-filled spun pile (RCFSP). The location of slab-on-piles bridge is assumed to be built in Aceh, Indonesia. The height of the RCFSP on the slab-on-piles bridge is 6 m relative to the ground surface. A preliminary design using the linear elastic method is conducted using the response modification factor of 3.5. The slab-on-piles bridge requires 25 RCFSP for each bridge segment. Based on the pushover analysis method, this structure could not reach a performance point. A redesign is conducted using a response modification factor of 1.5. The redesign result shows that the structure requires 60 RCFSP and a performance point is found at a displacement of 85 mm in the longitudinal direction and 81 mm in the transversal direction. This research concludes that a slab-on-piles bridge is not efficient to be designed with a high value of response modification factor even though using the concrete-infill treatment.
The comparison of X-braced frame and moment frame on structural building (case study: government office of North Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Tanijaya J , Kwandou R , Indranata N S
Published: October 2023

The seismic force can damage the building and harm the occupants. Therefore, its structure needs to be designed seismic-resistant. One of the essential things in seismic-resistant building is the effect of lateral force to its structural rigidity. It can be improved by using the lateral resistant element such as bracing and shear wall. The lateral element used in this study is concentric X-bracing. This study conducted an optional structural model of the office of North Toraja Regent, Panga, South Sulawesi. The building was originally analyzed as a whole unit structure, but it has already rotated in its first mode shape due its irregularity. The comparison analysis is conducted by using the same existing structure configuration, except with the addition of X-bracing. The analysis results of the dynamic response are the fundamental building period, mode shape, base shear, lateral displacement and P-delta effect. The fundamental building period using X-bracing is smaller than moment frame building. It indicates that the use of X-bracing lead to the stiffer building. The use of the X-bracing results in a larger base shear value than the moment-frame building. The difference in base-shear between X-braced frame with moment frame is about 211.77% and 212.10% for seismic force with X-direction and Y-direction respectively.
Physical entanglement between localized orbitals
Authors: Ding Lexin , Dünnweber Gesa , Schilling Christian
Published: October 2023

The goal of the present work is to guide the development of quantum technologies in the context of fermionic systems. For this, we first elucidate the process of entanglement swapping in electron systems such as atoms, molecules or solid bodies. This demonstrates the significance of the number-parity superselection rule and highlights the relevance of localized few-orbital subsystems for quantum information processing tasks. Then, we explore and quantify the entanglement between localized orbitals in two systems, a tight-binding model of non-interacting electrons and the hydrogen ring. For this, we apply the first closed formula of a faithful entanglement measure, derived in (arXiv:2207.03377) as an extension of the von Neumann entropy to genuinely correlated many-orbital systems. For both systems, long-distance entanglement is found at low and high densities η, whereas for medium densities,

η
≈

1
2

, practically only neighboring orbitals are entangled. The Coulomb interaction does not change the entanglement pattern qualitatively except for low and high densities where the entanglement increases as function of the distance between both orbitals.
Enhancing construction waste management in New Zealand: Lessons from Hong Kong and other countries
Authors: Doan Dat Tien , Albsoul Hadeel , GhaffarianHoseini Ali
Published: October 2023

Global construction waste (CW) poses escalating environmental, social, and economic challenges. While New Zealand grapples with a dearth of research on optimal construction waste management (CWM) techniques, it stands to gain from the comprehensive practices employed in regions like Hong Kong. Drawing from the extensive literature on CWM practices in Hong Kong and other countries, this study seeks to furnish New Zealand’s construction professionals and policymakers with invaluable insights. Key findings illuminate the determinants of successful CWM, the motivations steering stakeholder behaviour towards CW reduction, the transformative potential of public policy, and innovative enhancement strategies. The research underscores the instrumental roles of green building and big data in CW curtailment, delving into the attendant challenges and rewards. By assimilating lessons from these international paradigms, New Zealand is poised to refine its CWM, catalysing a shift towards a more sustainable construction landscape.
Physics based modeling of LiFePO4 cathodes: effects of electrode parameters on cell performance during fast charging
Authors: Aakanksha  , Sahoo Asit , Sharma Ashwini Kumar , Sharma Yogesh
Published: October 2023

Lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) has emerged as a potential cathode material due to its lower cost and higher stabilities. This work investigates LFP cell behavior at higher C-rates via a detailed simulation study. To facilitate this investigation, a physics-based electrochemical model is calibrated and validated with in-house experimental data. The validated model is used to study the effect of particle size, lithium diffusivity, and electrode thickness on the charge-discharge capacity of Li-LFP cells for a range of C-rates up to 5 C. A detailed discussion is carried out to explain the results of parametric studies, in terms of transport limitations, irreversible losses (overpotentials) and their dependence on different electrode parameters. The model helps us to depict the effect of these parameters on internal profiles of SOC and overpotentials, allowing for a deeper understanding of the cell behavior. Overall, the simulations show that the LFP cell is able to exhibit good capacity at higher C-rates by tuning the particle size and lithium diffusivity. An optimal combination of material and physical parameters is identified to maximize the possible capacity of LFP electrodes.
Machine learning renormalization group for statistical physics
Authors: Hou Wanda , You Yi-Zhuang
Published: October 2023

We develop a machine-learning renormalization group (MLRG) algorithm to explore and analyze many-body lattice models in statistical physics. Using the representation learning capability of generative modeling, MLRG automatically learns the optimal renormalization group (RG) transformations from self-generated spin configurations and formulates RG equations without human supervision. The algorithm does not focus on simulating any particular lattice model but broadly explores all possible models compatible with the internal and lattice symmetries given the on-site symmetry representation. It can uncover the RG monotone that governs the RG flow, assuming a strong form of the c-theorem. This enables several downstream tasks, including unsupervised classification of phases, automatic location of phase transitions or critical points, controlled estimation of critical exponents, and operator scaling dimensions. We demonstrate the MLRG method in two-dimensional lattice models with Ising symmetry and show that the algorithm correctly identifies and characterizes the Ising criticality.
TGF-β1 and TGF-β3, but not TGF-β2, are upregulated in the ovaries of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Liu Boqun , Jia Qiongqiong , Hong In-Sun , Dang Xuan , Wu Ze , Wang Hailong , Cheng Jung-Chien , Fang Lanlan
Published: October 2023

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a life-threatening and potentially fatal complication during in vitro fertilization treatment. The levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are upregulated in human follicular fluid and granulosa-lutein cells (hGL) of OHSS patients and could contribute to the development of OHSS by downregulating steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression. However, whether the same is true for the other two members of the TGF-β family, TGF-β2 and -β3, remains unknown. We showed that all three TGF-β isoforms were expressed in human follicular fluid. In comparison, TGF-β1 was expressed at the highest level, followed by TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. Compared to non-OHSS patients, follicular fluid levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were significantly upregulated in OHSS patients. The same results were observed in mRNA levels of TGF-β isoforms in hGL cells and ovaries of OHSS rats. In addition, StAR mRNA levels were upregulated in hGL cells of OHSS patients and the ovaries of OHSS rats. Treatment cells with TGF-β isoforms downregulated the StAR expression with a comparable effect. Moreover, activations of SMAD3 signaling were required for TGF-β isoforms-induced downregulation of StAR expression. This study indicates that follicular fluid TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 levels could be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the OHSS.
Review of infection and bleeding complications in excisional skin surgery
Authors: Richards Ellen , Brown Alistair , Wernham Aaron
Published: October 2023

Skin excision is the primary treatment for skin cancer. Complication rates from skin cancer excision are generally low but rates of complications may vary according to procedural complexity, site and patient factors. It is important that patients are fully informed through the consent process considering individual circumstances, the Montgomery ruling and material risks. The clinician must use an evidence-based approach to the consent process and assessment of risk. We have searched the literature and reviewed the current evidence regarding complications, and their incidence where data were available, following excisional skin surgery. This article aims to enable clinicians to better inform patients during the consent process about associated bleeding and infection risk.
Structural connectivity of the multiple demand network in humans and comparison to the macaque brain
Authors: Karadachka Katrin , Assem Moataz , Mitchell Daniel J , Duncan John , Medendorp W Pieter , Mars Rogier B
Published: October 2023

Fluid intelligence encompasses a wide range of abilities such as working memory, problem-solving, and relational reasoning. In the human brain, these abilities are associated with the Multiple Demand Network, traditionally thought to involve combined activity of specific regions predominantly in the prefrontal and parietal cortices. However, the structural basis of the interactions between areas in the Multiple Demand Network, as well as their evolutionary basis among primates, remains largely unexplored. Here, we exploit diffusion MRI to elucidate the major white matter pathways connecting areas of the human core and extended Multiple Demand Network. We then investigate whether similar pathways can be identified in the putative homologous areas of the Multiple Demand Network in the macaque monkey. Finally, we contrast human and monkey networks using a recently proposed approach to compare different species’ brains within a common organizational space. Our results indicate that the core Multiple Demand Network relies mostly on dorsal longitudinal connections and, although present in the macaque, these connections are more pronounced in the human brain. The extended Multiple Demand Network relies on distinct pathways and communicates with the core Multiple Demand Network through connections that also appear enhanced in the human compared with the macaque.