bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The price of love: the prioritisation of childcare and income earning among UK fathers
Authors: Gatrell Caroline J. , Burnett Simon B. , Cooper Cary L. , Sparrow Paul
Published: May 2015

Shifting perspectives on how fathers ‘should’ practice childcare responsibilities, combined with changing household income patterns, indicate that balancing childcare and breadwinning is complicated for contemporary fathers. Drawing on qualitative discussions with 100 employed fathers in the United Kingdom (UK) and using notions of breadwinner (income-earning) and involved (hands-on) fathering as an analytical framework, this study examines how employed, married/cohabiting and lone UK fathers interpret paternity. It finds that breadwinning remains important for many fathers. However, there is a tendency among some men to prioritise childcare over paid work. The study therefore discerns patterns of continuity and change among contemporary fathers in their practices of childcaring and income earning. The study concludes that further research is needed, especially concerning lone fathers with resident children, who may be more involved with childcaring than is presently acknowledged.
“Take Two” Reviews Film
Authors: Herzog Matt , Zera Caitlin
Published: May 2015

We'll Meet Again: Musical Design in the Films of Stanley Kubrick, Kate McQuinston, (2013) New York: Oxford University Press, 256pp., ISBN: 9780199767663 (hbk), $99.00

We'll Meet Again: Musical Design in the Films of Stanley Kubrick, Kate McQuinston, (2013) New York: Oxford University Press, 256pp., ISBN: 9780199767663 (hbk), $99.00
Do Teacher-Coaches Make the Cut? The Effectiveness of Athletic Coaches as Math and Reading Teachers
Authors: Egalite Anna Jacob , Bowen Daniel H. , Trivitt Julie R.
Published: May 2015

Math and reading teachers who also coach athletics in the public school system are challenged to balance the responsibilities that come with fulfilling dual occupational roles. While many studies have examined teacher-coaches' stress levels and job perception in the context of role strain, there is no evidence of how student achievement in tested subjects is affected by assignment to these teacher-coaches. A large administrative panel data set provided by the Florida Department of Education allows us to match students to teachers and use a student fixed effects approach to track changes in math and reading test scores over a seven-year time period, from 2002 through 2009. Despite the challenges associated with holding dual occupational roles, we find that students assigned to teacher-coaches perform at the same level in reading and math as when they are assigned to non-coaching teachers.
Optimization of Biodiesel Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis from Castor Oil Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Sabzimaleki Mohammadreza , Ghobadian Barat , Mazloom Farsibaf Mohsen , Najafi Gholamhassan , Dehghani Soufi Masoud , Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili Seyed
Published: May 2015

Production of biodiesel from castor oil (CO) using ultrasound-assisted has been investigated in this study. The objective of the present work was therefore to determine the relationship between various important parameters of the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process to obtain a high reaction yield in a short time. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically analyze and optimize the operating parameters of the process. A central composite design (CCD) was approved to study the effects of the reaction time, the methanol to oil molar ratio, the ultrasonic cycle and the ultrasonic amplitude on reaction yield. The optimum conditions for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of CO was found to be a reaction time of 540 s, methanol to oil molar ratio of 8.15:1,ultrasonic cycle of 0.73% and ultrasonic amplitude 64.34%. By exerting the calculated optimum condition in the process, the reaction yield reached 87.0494%. The results from the RSM analysis indicated that the reaction time has the most significant effect on the reaction yield.
The milestones in twenty years of processing instruction research
Authors: Lee James F.
Published: May 2015

VanPatten and Cadierno (1993) published the first empirical investigation on the effects of processing instruction just over twenty years ago. This work inspired many, many more in subsequent years and continues to inspire research to this day, as evidenced by the studies gathered in this special edition. The purpose of this paper is to identify the milestones among the many processing instruction studies. Each study marks a significant development in the processing instruction research program.
Deconstructing PI for the ages: Explicit instruction vs. practice in young and older adult bilinguals
Authors: Cox Jessica G. , Sanz Cristina
Published: May 2015

The current study considered effects of PI (explicit information and practice) in two populations: older (age 60+) and young adults (age 19–27), all of whom were late English/Spanish bilinguals. Twenty-one participants completed a computer-based lesson on Latin morphosyntax, namely the assignment of the thematic roles
Investigation of autoimmune diseases accompanying Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents and evaluation of cardiac signs
Authors: Baş Veysel Nijat , Yılmaz Agladioglu Sebahat , Özgür Senem , Karademir Selmin , Aycan Zehra
Published: May 2015

In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the concomitance of additional cardiac problems, mainly mitral valve prolapse, in adolescents and pediatric patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, by screening autoimmune markers.

Fifty-seven euthyroid patients, who applied to the Pediatric Endocrinology clinic at our institution with marked symptoms of hypothyroidism at the time of diagnosis, and were diagnosed and treated for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, were included in the present study. All patients were evaluated by performing non-organ specific autoantibodies which could be tested at our institution, thyroid ultrasonography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and 24-h holter monitorization.

Of the 57 cases with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 48 (84.2%) were female, and nine (15.8%) were male. In the echocardiographic evaluation, mitral valve problems were detected in 10 (17.5%) of all cases; mitral valve prolapse was diagnosed in eight (seven females and one male) cases, and mitral insufficiency was diagnosed in two female cases. First-degree atrioventricular block was observed in only two patients during 24-h holter monitorization. Different non-organ specific autoantibody positivity was distributed as antinuclear antibody in 15 (26.3%) cases, anticardiolipin IgG in two cases, anticardiolipin IgM in three cases, tissue transglutaminase IgA in one, glutamic acid decarboxylase in one, anti-insulin antibody in four cases, antiphospholipid IgG in one, and antiphospholipid IgM in one case.

It should be underlined that patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis should to be followed up closely for mitral valve prolapse and accompanying autoimmune diseases.
Ideas, Not Interests or Institutions, Caused the Great Enrichment
Authors: McCloskey Deirdre N.
Published: May 2015

The question is why the Great Enrichment of 4,000 or 10,000 percent increase in material scope per person, 1800 to the present, awaited 1800. The answer lies with ideas, ideologies, sociology, habits of lip, conversation, ethics – in short, how people viewed each other. They began rather suddenly in northwestern Europe from 1600 or so to view each other as having liberty and dignity, which is to say the legal ability to have a go and and social honor in doing so. Not that material causes do not matter. But none of material causes are unique to Europe or the modern world – coal was use anciently in China on a large scale, trade was larger in the Indian Ocean than anywhere until the nineteenth century, property rights were fully protected under Roman law, and yet none of these places had a great enrichment. There is nothing unscientific about emphasizing ideas. The unscientific attitude would be to assume, as economists are inclined to do, that only incentives of a straightforwardly Samuelsonian sort can matter. The unscientific attitude characterizes many of a neo-institutionalist tendency.
Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Fructose to 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural
Authors: Qiao Yunxiang , Theyssen Nils , Hou Zhenshan
Published: May 2015

Hydroxymethylfurfural (abbreviated as HMF), also 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, is an organic compound derived from dehydration of certain sugars. HMF is primarily considered as a starting material for liquid transportation fuels and polyester building block chemicals. The most convenient synthetic method of HMF is based on acidcatalyzed triple dehydration of fructose. Although there are many studies about fructose dehydration to 5-HMF since this field started to be investigated, it is necessary to provide a new review about fructose dehydration to 5-HMF. In the following, we will make a summary (in detail) of catalytic systems of fructose dehydration to HMF achieved by different acid catalysts, including mineral and organic acids, metal complexes, heteropoly acid-based materials, Ionic Liquids, ion-exchange resins, zeolites, functionalized carbonaceous materials and mesoporous silica materials. It has been demonstrated that nearly full conversion of fructose and 100% HMF selectivity could be obtained with some acidic catalytic systems up to now.
Lack of association between catechol-Omethyltransferase and schizophrenia in a Turkish population
Authors: Acar Ceren , Sözen Mustafa Mert , Gözükara Harika , Orman Kübra , Kartalcı Şükrü
Published: May 2015

Objective: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is the key molecule in the catabolism of catecholamines like dopamine which is an important molecule in schizophrenia. Due to its function and location COMT gene is a strong candidate gene for schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations of 3 COMT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and schizophrenia in our population. COMT enzyme activity is regulated by a widely known Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680), along with the variation of the SNPs rs737865 and rs165599.

Methods: Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680), the SNPs rs737865 and rs165599 were the targets of this study. The study was performed with 96 patients (66 male and 30 female) and 100 controls (47 male and 53 female) from Malatya region on eastern part of Turkey by using TaqMan genotyping assays.

Results: We couldn’t find a significant difference between the schizophrenia patients and normal controls for any of the SNPs that were studied. The genotype frequencies in both the patient and control groups satisfied the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. No significant gender differences were observed for the SNPs that were investigated. No significant difference was observed in the allele or genotype frequencies as well.

Conclusion: COMT gene doesn’t appear to be a risk factor in this population of schizophrenia patients in Turkey.
Effects of forskolin and rolipram on serum leptin, resistin and adiponectin levels in diet induced obesity in Wistar rats
Authors: Mehmetoğlu İdris , Döşeyici Sibel , Kurban Sevil , Taşyürek Erkan
Published: May 2015

Objective: Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase and rolipram a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, stimulate lipolysis and inhibit body weight increase by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of them on leptin, resistin and adiponectin levels in diet induced obesity in rats.

Methods: Totally 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups. The Group I was fed with standard pellet diet and the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks. During the last two weeks of the study, group II continued to fed with high-fat diet whereas group III, group IV and group V were administered forskolin, rolipram and forskolin plus rolipram respectively by orogastric tube in addition to their high-fat diet. Then, rats were sacrificed and serum leptin, resistin and adiponectin levels were measured.

Results: Although adiponectin levels of group II (p<0.001 for adiponectin, p<0.01 for leptin), group III (p<0.01), group V (p<0.05) were significantly decreased, leptin levels were significantly increased compared to that of the group I. Also, leptin levels of group IV were significantly reduced compared to those of group II (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between resistin levels of the groups.

Conclusion: Our results showed that rolipram prevented any alteration in the levels of leptin and adiponectin in addition to its effect on cAMP levels. However, forskolin and rolipram showed no effect on resistin levels of the groups. The underlying mechanism of these findings is not known and needs to be more investigated.
Alteration of enzyme activities and kinetic properties of GST and NQO1 with naturally occurring phenolic compounds
Authors: Karakurt Serdar , Sever Melike , Celebioglu Hasan Ufuk , Adalı Orhan
Published: May 2015

Objective: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) are the enzymes important in cytoprotection and bioactivation of chemicals. This study has addressed effects of polyphenolic compounds; ellagic acid, quercetin, naringenin, resveratrol, rutin and hesperidin on rabbit liver GST and NQO1 enzyme activities.

Methods: Cytosolic fractions were obtained from homogenized liver tissues of rabbit by differential centrifugation. After calculating IC50 values of individual enzymes for phenolic compounds, both Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots were drawn to determine the effect of phenolics on enzyme activity. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), maximum velocity (Vmax), and inhibition constant (Ki) were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots, respectively.

Results: Resveratrol was found to be the most potent inhibitor for rabbit hepatic cytosolic GST activity with 75.9±2.06 μM IC50 value while naringenin was the least potent one with IC50 value of 260±1.92 μM. Hesperidin and quercetin were found to be the most and least potent inhibitors for NQO1 enzyme activity with IC50 values of 2.7±0.85 μM and 13.8±0.91 μM, respectively. Resveratrol and naringenin inhibited GST activity noncompetitively and mixed type with Ki of 6.2 μM and 245 μM, respectively; while both hesperidin with 0.64 μM Ki value and quercetin with 3.5 μM Ki value inhibited NQO1 activity in a competitive manner.

Conclusion: These results indicate that phenolic compounds may modulate Phase II enzyme, GST and NQO1. Moreover, they can influence the metabolic activation of xenobiotic and toxic compounds metabolized by this enzyme.
Assessment of renal functions with different glomerular filtration rate formulas in children with acute exposure of mercury
Authors: Bal Ceylan , Güngör Oya Torun , Çelik Hüseyin Tuğrul , Abuşoğlu Sedat , Uğuz Nihal , Tutkun Engin , Yılmaz Ömer Hınç , Yılmaz Fatma Meriç , Yıldırımkaya Metin
Published: May 2015

Objective: Our aim was to determine whether cystatin C level has a superiority to creatinine to assess kidney functions in rapid decreases of glomerular filtration rate due to acute mercury exposure in children. Eight different glomerular filtration rate calculation formulas which have been used creatinine and/or cystatin C were also compared.

Methods: Serum urea, creatinine and cystatin C values of 39 mercury exposed children were measured. Glomerular filtration rates were calculated by eight different formulas. Patient group was divided into three subgroups according to mercury levels.

Results: Cystatin C and mercury levels of the patients were found significantly different from control group (p<0.001). There was not a significant difference in creatinine and urea values between two groups (p=0.913, p=0.236). There was not a significant difference between patient and control groups in GFR calculations which have been used serum creatinine and height or which have been used urea additional to them (p=0.069, p=0.559, p=0.424, p=0.945, respectively), but there was a significant difference between patient and control groups in GFR calculations which have been used cystatin C only or creatinine, urea and height in addition to this (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.042, p<0.001, respectively). In sugroup analysis, cystatin C results and the results of three GFR calculations of four GFR calculations which were used cystatin C were found different in control group according to subgroups but there was not a difference between subgroups.

Conclusion: Cystatin C level is a better indicator than creatinine to assess kidney functions in rapid decreases of glomerular filtration rate due to acute exposure of mercury. Formulas using cystatin C gave better results than formulas using creatinine and height in estimation of glomerular filtration rate.
Evaluation of some plants for potential dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory effects in vitro
Authors: Zeytünlüoğlu Ali , Zihnioğlu Figen
Published: May 2015

Objective: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a serine amino (exo) peptidase which regulates various processes most notably plasma glucose homeostasis by cleaving incretin peptide hormones as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulin releasing polypeptide (GIP). Realization of the inhibition of this enzyme in controlling diabetes is one of the strategies adopted in recent years. The present study was designed to investigate the DPP IV inhibitory effects of sixteen plant having antidiabetic property in aqueous extracts in correlation with their protein content.

Methods: In vitro DPP IV inhibition was evaluated by the specific inhibitory activity of plant aqueous extracts prepared without and with heat (60°C) treatment.

Results: Among the tested plants Vitis vinifera L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Prunus laurocerasus L., Rubus caesius L. and Olea europaea L. extracts showed DPP IV inhibitory activity with respect to IC50 values of 0.04-0.09 mg protein/ml. Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibitor potency of A. dracunculus extract was stronger than the other extracts.

Conclusion: The present study is the first report on screening and preliminary characterization of DPP IV inhibitory activity in aqueous extracts of selected antidiabetic medicinal food. This study could provide a new insight into DPP IV inhibitors from plants that could be useful for treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Further Evidence for a S-Syn Correlation in the Purine(β)ribosides: The Solution Conformation of Two Tricyclic Analogs of Adenosine and Guanosine
Authors: Klimke G. , Liidemann H .-D . , Townsend L. B.
Published: May 2015

From the analysis of the HRNMR spectra of two tricyclic analogues of adenosine and guanosi­ne, 4,5-diamino-9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl) pyrimido[5,4-f]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (adenosine-adenosine, AA) and 4,7-diamino-9-(β-ᴅ-ribofuranosyl)pyrimido[5,4-f]pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one (adenosine-guanosine, AG), dissolved in liquid ND3 the preferred conformations of the ribose moiety are derived in the temperature range between + 40 and -60 °C. The analysis is based on the two state N ↔ S model of the furanoside ring proposed by Altona and Sundaralingam. Both compounds show a pronounced stabilization of the S-conformer of the sugar ring ([S] ~ 0.8). The van't Hoff enthalpy for the S ↔ N equilibrium is - 3 kJ mol-1. The syn ↔ anti equilibrium is even at -60 °C fast compared to the HRNMR time scale.
Sensory Transduction in Halobacterium halobium: Retinal Protein Pigment Controls UV-Induced Behavioral Response
Authors: Dencher Norbert A. , Hildebrand Eilo
Published: May 2015

Both photosystems, PS 370 and PS 565, controlling behavioral responses in Halobacterium halobium [E. Hildebrand and N. Dencher, Nature 257, 46 - 48 (1975)] are reversibly inhibited when bacteria are grown in the presence of 1 mM nicotine which is known to block biosynthesis of reti­nal.

Photobehavior can be restored within som e minutes to hours by adding retinal to nicotine-treated bacteria, PS 370 thereby reappearing earlier than PS 565. The reconstitution rate depends on the concentration and on the kind of retinal isomers applied. All-trans retinal is most effective. PS 370 becomes fully sensitive if reconstituted in the presence of nicotine. This rules out the possi­bility that the alkaloid may directly inhibit steps of signal transmission following photoreception.

The action spectrum of PS 370 regenerated with retinal alone of H. h., strain R1L3 (a mutant deficient in carotenoids), fails to show all secondary peaks around 450 nm which in strain R1 occur besides the prominent maximum at 370 nm. Addition of carotenoids (mainly α-bacterioruberin) to reconstituted cells of R1L3 restores the sensitivity in that spectral region. Carotenoids or flavin solely added to nicotine-treated bacteria cannot restore photobehavior.

We conclude that the active pigment o f PS 370, which mediates the photophobic response to increase of light intensity (step-up response), represents a retinal protein complex and that carote­noids participate in photoreceptor function as accessory pigments. The biochemical relation of the UV-absorbing retinal protein complex to bacteriorhodopsin is discussed.
Color Vision in Salamander Larvae
Authors: Tempel Peter , Himstedt Werner
Published: May 2015

In behavioral experiments using monochromatic preypattems, larval salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) are able to discriminate colored from white light. In the retina only blue-yellow opponent-color ganglion cells were recorded. Thus the color vision in these animals is dichromatic.
Three further triterpenoid saponins from Gleditsia caspica fruits and protective effect of the total saponin fraction on cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity in mice
Authors: Melek Farouk R. , Aly Fawzia A. , Kassem Iman A.A. , Abo-Zeid Mona A.M. , Farghaly Ayman A. , Hassan Zeinab M.
Published: May 2015

Three triterpenoidal saponins were isolated from the saponin fraction derived from a Gleditsia caspica Desf. methanolic fruit extract. The isolated saponins were identified as gleditsiosides B, C, and Q based on spectral data. The saponin-containing fraction was evaluated in vivo for genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities. The fraction caused no DNA damage in Swiss albino male mice treated with a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight for 24 h, although it significantly inhibited the number of chromosomal aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in bone marrow and germ cells when applied before or after CP administration. The inhibitory indices in chromosomal aberrations were 59% and 41% for bone marrow and 48% and 43% for germ cells, respectively. In addition, the saponin fraction was found to reduce the viability of the human tumor cell line MCF-7 in a dose-dependent manner with an extrapolated IC50 value in the range of 220 μg/mL.
Bisphenol A modulates receptivity and secretory function of human decidual cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Mannelli Chiara , Szóstek Anna Z , Lukasik Karolina , Carotenuto Claudiopietro , Ietta Francesca , Romagnoli Roberta , Ferretti Cristina , Paulesu Luana , Wołczynski Slawomir , Skarzynski Dariusz Jan
Published: May 2015

The human endometrium is a fertility-determining tissue and a target of steroid hormones' action. Endocrine disruptors (EDs) can exert adverse effects on the physiological function of the decidua at the maternal–fetal interface. We examined the potential effects of an ED, bisphenol A (BPA), on endometrial maturation/decidualization, receptivity, and secretion of decidual factors (biomarkers). In vitro decidualized, endometrial stromal cells from six hysterectomy specimens were treated with 1 pM–1 μM of BPA, for 24 h and assessed for cell viability and proliferation. Three non-toxic concentrations of BPA (1 μM, 1 nM, and 1 pM) were selected to study its influence on secretion of cell decidualization biomarkers (IGF-binding protein and decidual prolactin (dPRL)), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion, and hormone receptors' expression (estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ); progesterone receptors (PRA and PRB); and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/LH receptor (LH-R)). The results showed a decrease in cell viability (P<0.001) in response to BPA at the level of 1 mM. At the non-toxic concentrations used, BPA perturbed the expression of ERα, ERβ, PRA, PRB, and hCG/LH-R (P<0.05). Furthermore, 1 μM of BPA reduced the mRNA transcription of dPRL (P<0.05). Secretion of MIF was stimulated by all BPA treatments, the lowest concentration (1 pM) being the most effective (P<0.001). The multi-targeted disruption of BPA on decidual cells, at concentrations commonly detected in the human population, raises great concern about the possible consequences of exposure to BPA on the function of decidua and thus its potential deleterious effect on pregnancy.
New insights into the function of Cullin 3 in trophoblast invasion and migration
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yu Song , Huang Xing , Tan Yi , Zhu Cheng , Wang Yan-Ling , Wang Haibin , Lin Hai-Yan , Fu Jiejun , Wang Hongmei
Published: May 2015

Cullin 3 (CUL3), a scaffold protein, assembles a large number of ubiquitin ligase complexes, similar to Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box protein complex. Several genetic models have shown that CUL3 is crucial for early embryonic development. Nevertheless, the role of CUL3 in human trophoblast function remains unclear. In this study, immunostaining revealed that CUL3 was strongly expressed in the villous cytotrophoblasts, the trophoblast column, and the invasive extravillous trophoblasts. Silencing CUL3 significantly inhibited the outgrowth of villous explant ex vivo and decreased invasion and migration of trophoblast HTR8/SVneo cells. Furthermore, CUL3 siRNA decreased pro-MMP9 activity and increased the levels of TIMP1 and 2. We also found that the level of CUL3 in the placental villi from pre-eclamptic patients was significantly lower as compared to that from their gestational age-matched controls. Moreover, in the lentiviral-mediated placenta-specific CUL3 knockdown mice, lack of CUL3 resulted in less invasive trophoblast cells in the maternal decidua. Taken together, these results suggest an essential role for CUL3 in the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells, and dysregulation of its expression may be associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.
Lineage-Specific Evolution of the Complex Nup160 Hybrid Incompatibility Between Drosophila melanogaster and Its Sister Species
Authors: Tang Shanwu , Presgraves Daven C
Published: May 2015

Two genes encoding protein components of the nuclear pore complex Nup160 and Nup96 cause lethality in F2-like hybrid genotypes between Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster. In particular, D. simulans Nup160 and Nup96 each cause inviability when hemizygous or homozygous in species hybrids that are also hemizygous (or homozygous) for the D. melanogaster X chromosome. The hybrid lethality of Nup160, however, is genetically complex, depending on one or more unknown additional factors in the autosomal background. Here we study the genetics and evolution of Nup160-mediated hybrid lethality in three ways. First, we test for variability in Nup160-mediated hybrid lethality within and among the three species of the D. simulans clade— D. simulans, D. sechellia, and D. mauritiana. We show that the hybrid lethality of Nup160 is fixed in D. simulans and D. sechellia but absent in D. mauritiana. Second, we explore how the hybrid lethality of Nup160 depends on other loci in the autosomal background. We find that D. simulans Nup160-mediated hybrid lethality does not depend on the presence of D. melanogaster Nup96, and we find that D. simulans and D. mauritiana are functionally differentiated at Nup160 as well as at other autosomal factor(s). Finally, we use population genetics data to show that Nup160 has experienced histories of recurrent positive selection both before and after the split of the three D. simulans clade species ∼240,000 years ago. Our genetic results suggest that a hybrid lethal Nup160 allele evolved before the split of the three D. simulans clade species, whereas the other autosomal factor(s) evolved more recently.
Visualizing Molecular Functions and Cross-Species Activity of Sex-Peptide in Drosophila
Authors: Tsuda Manabu , Peyre Jean-Baptiste , Asano Tsunaki , Aigaki Toshiro
Published: May 2015

The Drosophila melanogaster sex-peptide (melSP) is a seminal fluid component that induces postmating responses (PMR) of females via the sex-peptide receptor (SPR) . Although SP orthologs are found in many Drosophila species, their functions remain poorly characterized. It is unknown whether SP functions are conserved across species or rather specific to each species. Here, we developed a GFP-tagged melSP (G-SP) and used it to visualize cross-species binding activity to the female reproductive system of various species. First we demonstrated that ectopically expressed G-SP induced PMR in D. melanogaster females and bound to the female reproductive system, most notably to the common oviduct. No binding occurred in the females lacking SPR, indicating that G-SP binding was dependent on SPR. Next we tested whether G-SP binds to the common oviducts from 11 Drosophila species using dissected reproductive tracts. The binding was observed in six species belonging to the D. melanogaster species group, but not to those outside the group. Injection of melSP reduced the receptivity of females belonging to the D. melanogaster species group, but not of those outside the group, being consistent with the ability to bind G-SP. Thus the SP-mediated PMR appears to be limited to this species group. SPR was expressed in the oviducts at high levels in this group; therefore, we speculate that an enhanced expression of SPR in the oviduct was critical to establish the SP-mediated PMR during evolution.
A New Method of Fabrication for Multicolor Transparent Thin-film Solar Cell Module
Authors: Han Meiying , Xie Xishun , Chen Yuan , Wu Yabin , Zhong Ming
Published: May 2015

In current transparent Si based photovoltaic (PV) module fabrication, green or infrared laser is the most common used band frequency to wipe off the silicon and back contact layer in perpendicular direction of cells. However, this method would result in more power loss than calculation value due to the side effects during the process such as constructional damage of module and shunt effect. A new method is presented here which focus on wiping off more silicon layer by employing green pulsed laser(532 nm wavelength) along the parallel direction of Pattern2, and it shows higher efficiency and more attractive appearance.
Study of Bactericidal Properties of Mg-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Perez-Altamar Melina , Marrero Hilary , Martínez Julca Milton , Perales Perez Oscar
Published: May 2015

The present work focuses on the polyol-mediated synthesis of pure and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The Standard Plate Count was used to assess the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles against E. coli at 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm of concentration. The capacity of the Zn-Mg oxides to generate singlet oxygen (SO) species was also evaluated. X-ray diffraction information evidenced the formation of ZnO-wurtzite; no diffraction peaks corresponding to isolated Mg-phases were detected. The average crystallite size of the Zn-Mg oxide nanocrystals was estimated in the 6nm - 7nm range. Infrared spectroscopy measurements confirmed the formation of the oxide with a Metal-Oxygen band centered on 536 cm-1; other bands associated to the functional groups of polyol by product were also observed. The exciton peak of UV spectrum suggests similarity in the particle size with the dopant addition. The effect of particle composition (i.e. doping level) on the corresponding generation of SO and bactericidal capacity is presented and discussed.
Features functional coordination and force readiness of young men in grades 9—11
Authors: Іващенко О. В.
Published: May 2015

Purpose — to determine patterns of motion and functional training high school students.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives adopted the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, teacher testing and treatment methods of mathematical statistics research results. In the study involved 36 boys in grade 9, 11 — 10 class 12 — 11 form.Conclusions. In the test results of students grades 9 and 10 there are statistically significant differences in the functional fitness of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as coordination and strength training. For functional preparedness young assessed as healthy untrained.The test results are observed statistically significant differences between boys 9 and 11 for the performance tests 1, 2, 3 and 9 (p <0,05; 0,001). For the functional state of respiration and circulation boys in grade 11 are rated as healthy trained.Statistically significant differences between boys 10 and 11 are observed in the tests that characterize functional, coordination and preparedness own power (p <0,001). Boys 11 classes have better preparedness on the results of a battery of tests (p <0,001). Boys 11 classes perform better speed, static strength, coordination and functional state of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients can determine the value contribution of variables in the function result. With the largest contribution to the canonical function variables included 1 9, 3 and 6: the higher the value of these variables, the more important functions. With the largest contribution to the canonical function of 2 variables are 8, 9 and 2: The higher the value of these variables, the more important functions. The first function to 79.3% explained variance of results, the second — 20,7%. The foregoing suggests the possibility age classification vidminostey boys grades 9—11 based on functional testing, power and coordination training.Structural factors canonical discriminant function shows that feature most significantly associated with the number 9, 7 and 6 variables: thus a significant difference between boys grades 9—11 have developed functional status and motor abilities: test Serkina, speed strength, coordination and own power.
model of the reliability of the test, alternative models inside class correlation
Authors: Заневський І. П. , Заневська Л. Г.
Published: May 2015

The aim was to create a model of the reliability of the test, the application of which would in the practical work with the tests to receive the value of the coefficient of reliability in the theoretical framework from zero to one, as is customary in classical theory of reliability tests. The basic idea of solving this problem was in determining the true variance of the test results, the value of which is equal to the arithmetical average of the results of the repeated measurements. Methodology of the research was based on provisions of the classical theory of sports tests, mathematical theory of reliability of motor tests, on the model of intraclass correlation, ANOVA, using the method of Shapiro-Wilk. Calculations were carried out using Excel and Mathematica computer programs. It was shown that the intraclass correlation model is incomplete with the line of the classical theory of reliability tests. The proposed model of retest reliability does not have this shortage, and the corresponding coefficient is defined in terms of the classical theory of reliability (0 ÷ 1). In the range of almost important quantities of the proposed model and the intraclass model correlations lead to different estimates of the reliability of the test not only quantitatively (≈ 20%), but also qualitatively, i.e., with significant excess width of the ranges of test estimation of reliability coefficient of the corresponding size.
Le tournant patrimonial de l’ONF : revisiter Montréal dans le film de Luc Bour don, ‘Lamémoire des anges’
Authors: Cisneros James
Published: May 2015

RésuméSorti en 2008, La mémoire des anges réalisé par Luc Bourdon est constitué d’images de Montréal filmées entre 1947 et 1967, tirées de quelques 120 films de la collection de l’Office national du film (ONF). En s’insérant dans la stratégie patrimoniale de l’ONF, et en évoquant les mouvements de protection de l’héritage urbain, La mémoire des anges contribue à la fabrication de l’image de la ville et à la mise en valeur de son histoire. En se penchant sur ce double héritage, nous le plaçons d’abord dans le contexte actuel de la campagne globale pour la préservation culturelle—une campagne motivée en grande partie par les économies urbaines—avant d’analyser comment le film contourne le « discours patrimonial » en faisant un usage sélectif des archives de l’ONF et en adoptant une composition formelle qui actualise le passé de manière critique.AbstractReleased in 2008, Luc Bourdon’s La mémoire des anges (2008) consists of footage of Montreal shot between 1947 and 1967, selected from some 120 films in the National Film Board (NFB)’s collection. By inserting itself into the NFB’s strategic production of heritage, and by evoking movements to protect urban heritage, La mémoire des anges contributes to the creation of Montréal’s image, and to the development of its history. This article focuses on the film’s dual heritage, placing it into the context of today’s global drive for cultural preservation—a drive that is in large part motivated by urban economies— before analyzing how the film skirts the “heritage discourse” by making selective use of the NFB archives and adopting a formal composition that critically updates the past.
Entretien avec Michèle Garneau et Dolorès Parenteau-Rodriguez
Authors: Parenteau-Rodriguez Dolorès
Published: May 2015

Entretien avec Michèle Garneau et Dolorès Parenteau-Rodriguez
Evaluation of the presence and localization of P2 receptors in human blood vessels
Authors: Ziganshin B A , Slavin D A , Khaziakhmetov D F , Ziganshina A P , Slavin L E , Dzhordzhikiya R K , Ziganshin A U
Published: May 2015

Aim. To study the presence and localization of the P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes in the human cystic artery and great saphenous vein (with and without varicose disease).Methods. Segments of the human blood vessels were stained using a standard two-step immunohistochemical analysis using primary and secondary antibodies. In the experiments primary antibodies to the following receptors were used: Р2Х1, Р2Х2, Р2Х3, Р2Х4, Р2Y1, Р2Y2, Р2Y4. In order to determine the presence of a receptor in a vessel sample a comparison was made between staining of the experimental and the control samples, which were not treated with primary antibodies.Results. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cystic artery showed the presence of Р2Х1, Р2Х3, Р2Y1, Р2Y2 receptors. All receptor subtypes were found to be located in the muscular layer of the artery, whereas the P2Y1 receptor was also expressed on the surface of the endothelial cells. In the great saphenous vein without varicose disease Р2Х1, Р2Х2 и Р2Y1 receptor subtypes were identified, all of which were found to be located on the smooth muscle cells of the vein. Similarly to the cystic artery, the Р2Y1 receptor was also found within the endothelial layer of the vein. At the same time, only Р2Х2 и Р2Y1 receptor subtypes were expressed in the muscular layer of the great saphenous vein affected by varicose disease. No P2 receptor subtypes were identified on the endothelial layer of the varicose-diseased vein.Conclusion. Different P2 receptor subtypes were found to be present in the smooth muscle and endothelial layers of the human cystic artery and great saphenous vein. The identified differences in the receptor subtypes between samples of great saphenous veins with and without varicose disease are, most likely, explained by the restructuring of the receptor apparatus as a result of varicose disease progression.
Modern radionuclide methods in diagnosing orbital masses
Authors: Altynbaeva L R , Gabdrakhmanova A F
Published: May 2015

Anatomic and topographic features of orbit structure and similar clinical symptoms in many diseases of different etiologies explain the complicated early diagnosis of orbital diseases. Therefore, the diagnostic algorithm for orbital masses is mainly based on instrumental diagnostic methods, especially radiology. Over the past 20-30 years, radiologic diagnosis of orbital tumors took a step forward thanks to the introducing such methods as computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound into clinical practice. However, these methods of investigation, despite their great diagnostic possibilities, not always allow to obtain objective information on the tumor biology, tumor malignancy grade and characteristics of their metabolism. A significant step forward in this direction was the development and introduction of modern nuclear medicine techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission (two-photon) tomography into clinical practice. These methods allow to visualize the functional processes in normal conditions and to perform a kind of non-invasive biopsy in case of neoplastic disorders. The use of nuclear medicine in oncology is based on hyperfixation of some radiopharmaceuticals in malignant tumors that provides important data for diagnosis and differential diagnosis based on the study of physiological and biological tumor features. The review highlights brief historical facts, as well as the results of using the most informative and safe radiopharmaceuticals. Literature analysis concludes that radionuclide tests at some point might be a method of choice for differential diagnosis of orbital masses.
«No-reflow» phenomenon: clinical aspects of reperfusion failure
Authors: Iskhakov M M , Tagirova D R , Gazizov N V , Nugaybekova L A , Sayfutdinov R G
Published: May 2015

«No-reflow» phenomenon is the most striking example of myocardial reperfusion clinical failure. It is caused by a lack of adequate blood flow in tissues after successful recanalization of infarct-related artery and is of multifactorial nature. The main reason for «no-reflow» is microvascular damage, of both structural and functional nature. Microvascular microemboli formation is also of particular importance in developing this phenomenon. In patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery, the risk for «no-reflow» is about 30% or more. In case of planned endovascular interventions, «no-reflow» prevalence ranges from 0.3 to 2%. Patients with «no-reflow» have highly increased risk of complications such as reduced systolic function, heart muscle remodeling, dilatation, cardiac chambers hypertrophy/hyperplasia, left ventricular aneurysm etc. In addition, «no-reflow» increases the risk of death. Predisposition for «no-reflow» might be associated with a number of local and systemic factors. For diagnosing this phenomenon, angiographic grading of coronary blood flow restoration (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction - TIMI) and myocardial perfusion (Myocardial Blush Grade - MBG) is recommended. For the most accurate «no-reflow» diagnosis, different methods for myocardium visualization might be used. The most studied treatments of ongoing «no-reflow» are: vasodilators administered intracoronary (verapamil, adenosine, sodium nitroprusside) at percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery; systemic antiplatelet agents; mechanical protection from distal embolization. Given the multifactorial nature of the «no-reflow», further search for the novel methods for prevention and treatment of this phenomenon is needed.
Absence of natural group anti-A, anti-B antibodies (isohemagglutinins) and blood transfusion tactics in this blood group
Authors: Turaev R G , Bel’skaya E E , Somova N S , Egorova M A
Published: May 2015

Aim. To analyze the clinical data obtained at donor and recipient blood testing obtained in clinical diagnostic laboratory. Methods. Blood of donors and recipients for erythrocyte-containing blood-derived products was examined. Gel method was used for immunologic and hematologic testing. Results. A donor and recipients with the absence of natural group antibodies (isohemagglutinins) were identified. Those subjects were consulted for treatment with blood transfusion. According to the regulations, blood transfusion is provided considering the blood group of recipient. In described cases, serum analysis revealed no natural group antibodies, hence, no antibodies should be present in administered plasma coagulation hemostasis correctors. Conclusion. In the presented clinical cases, due to the absence of natural group antibodies (isohemagglutinins) АВ0 (IV) group serum is preferable if the blood transfusion is needed. Keywords: blood components, natural group antibodies, isohemagglutinins, agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Evolution of the motivation for donating blood and blood components in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Skorikova S V , Burkitbaev Z K , Abdrakhmanova S A , Savchuk T N , Zhiburt E B
Published: May 2015

Aim. To evaluate features of the evolution of blood donation in Kazakhstan, including motivation and types of donations.Methods. Statistical data of blood donations in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014 were studied.Results. In 2014, 51.8% of all blood donations in Kazakhstan were done by voluntary donors, 35.5% - by recipient’s relatives. The median proportion of paid donations in 2012-2014 years dropped by twice: 15.3; 10.5 and 7.6%, respectively. The number of platelet donations in 2010-2014 years increased by 717.3, of which 77% came from the cities of Astana and Almaty, where high-tech medical care is mainly provided. The number of plasma donations in 2014 compared to 2010 year has decreased by 35.7%, while its share in total number of donations dropped by 40.2%. Preparations are underway to contract plasma fractionation, becomes an actual the problem of determining blood donor reserves for plasma donations.Conclusion. Voluntary blood donations (51.8%) prevail in Republic of Kazakhstan; the the number of platelet donations increased by 717.3% in 2010-2014, the number of plasma donations dropped by 40.2%, which reveals the potential for implementing contract fractionation.
Features of infusions and tranfusions within the complex treatment in patients with multisystem trauma
Authors: Chikaev V F , Vdovin V A , Galyautdinov F Sh , Ibragimov R A
Published: May 2015

Aim. To analyze features of infusions and transfusions within the complex treatment in patients with multisystem trauma.Methods. Features of infusions and transfusions were analyzed in 286 patients with multisystem trauma.Results. The first stage of infusions and transfusions is antishock. In cases of severe bleeding it is important to prevent the cardiac arrest of «empty» heart, to maintain the circulating blood volume, cardiac output and blood pressure at a safe level (systolic blood pressure BP 80-90 mm Hg). The second stage is emergency surgery and surgical hemostasis (abdominal surgery, removal of intracranial hematoma, the most sparing reposition methods). At surgery, anyway, there is an additional blood loss related to surgery itself, but it is possible to compensate the blood loss with patient’s own blood, using machine methods of reinfusion. Infusions and transfusions are performed at general anesthesia. The third stage is the period of treatment in the intensive care unit. Infusions and transfusions should eliminate multiple disorders: volemic, oxygen transport, ionic, toxic, immune, energy and plastic. The goal of infusions and transfusions is to maintain the water-electrolyte metabolism; to treat the anemia and to ensure the efficient oxygen transport; microcirculation improvement; detoxification and metabolites excretion.Conclusion. In multisystem trauma, the treatment success depends on the timely diagnosis, proper estimation of trauma severity, blood loss and general condition of the patient, infusions and transfusions depend on the treatment stage and injuries.