bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sequoia in the Garden: FSR 1758—Dwarf Galaxy or Giant Globular Cluster?∗
Authors: Barbá Rodolfo H. , Minniti Dante , Geisler Douglas , Alonso-García Javier , Hempel Maren , Monachesi Antonela , Arias Julia I. , Gómez Facundo A.
Published: January 2019

We present the physical characterization of FSR 1758, a new large, massive object very recently discovered in the Galactic Bulge. The combination of optical data from the 2nd Gaia Data Release and the DECam Plane Survey and near-IR data from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea Extended Survey led to a clean sample of likely members. Based on this integrated data set, position, distance, reddening, size, metallicity, absolute magnitude, and proper motion (PM) of this object are measured. We estimate the following parameters: α = 17:31:12, δ = −39:48:30 (J2000), D = 11.5 ± 1.0 kpc,

mag, R

c
 = 10 pc, R

t
 = 150 pc,

dex, M

i
 < −8.6 ± 1.0, μ

α
 = −2.85 mas yr−1, and μ

δ
 = 2.55 mas yr−1. The nature of this object is discussed. If FRS 1758 is a genuine globular cluster (GC), it is one of the largest in the Milky Way, with a size comparable or even larger than that of ω Cen, being also an extreme outlier in the size versus Galactocentric distance diagram. The presence of a concentration of long-period RR Lyrae variable stars and blue horizontal branch stars suggests that it is a typical metal-poor GC of Oosterhoff type II. Further exploration of a larger surrounding field reveals common PM stars, suggesting either tidal debris or that FRS 1758 is actually the central part of a larger extended structure such as a new dwarf galaxy, tentatively named Scorpius. In either case, this object is remarkable, and its discovery graphically illustrates the possibility of finding other large objects hidden in the Galactic Bulge using future surveys.
Solar Magnetic Flux Rope Eruption Simulated by a Data-driven Magnetohydrodynamic Model
Authors: Guo Yang , Xia Chun , Keppens Rony , Ding M. D. , Chen P. F.
Published: January 2019

The combination of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation and multi-wavelength observations is an effective way to study the mechanisms of magnetic flux rope eruption. We develop a data-driven MHD model using the zero-β approximation. The initial condition is provided by a nonlinear force-free field derived from the magneto-frictional method based on vector magnetic field observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The bottom boundary uses observed time series of the vector magnetic field and the vector velocity derived by the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator for Vector Magnetograms. We apply the data-driven model to active region 11123 observed from 06:00 UT on 2010 November 11 to about 2 hr later. The evolution of the magnetic field topology coincides with the flare ribbons observed in the 304 and 1600 Å wavebands by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. The morphology, propagation path, and propagation range of the flux rope are comparable with the observations in 304 Å. We also find that a data-constrained boundary condition, where the bottom boundary is fixed to the initial values, reproduces a similar simulation result. This model can reproduce the evolution of a magnetic flux rope in its dynamic eruptive phase.
rMyCoPortal - an R package to interface with the Mycology Collections Portal
Authors: Krah Franz-Sebastian , Bates Scott , Miller Andrew
Published: January 2019

The understanding of the biodiversity and biogeographical distribution of fungi is still limited. The small number of online databases and the large effort required to access existing data have prevented their use in research articles. The Mycology Collections Portal was established in 2012 to help alleviate these issues and currently serves data online for over 4.3 million fungal records. However, the current process for accessing the data through the web interface is manual, therefore slow, and precludes the extensive use of the existing datasets. Here we introduce the software package rMyCoPortal, which allows users rapid, automated access to the data. rMyCoPortal makes data readily available for further computations and analyses in the open source statistical programming environment R. We will demonstrate the core functions of the package, and how rMyCoPortal can be employed to obtain fungal data that can be used to address basic research questions. rMyCoPortal is a free and open-source R package, available via GitHub.
Two types of highly ordered micro- and macrochromosome arrangement in metaphase plates of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Lukhtanov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2019

In karyotype of many organisms, chromosomes form two distinct size groups: macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. During cell divisions, the position of the macro- and microchromosomes is often ordered within metaphase plate. In many reptiles, amphibians, birds, insects of the orthopteran family Tettigoniidae and in some plants, a so called “reptilian” type organization is found, with microchromosomes situated in the center of metaphase plate and with macrochromosomes situated at the periphery. An opposite, “lepidopteran” type is known in butterflies and moths (i.e. in the order Lepidoptera) and is characterized by macrochromosomes situated in the center and by microchromosomes situated at the periphery. The anomalous arrangement found in Lepidoptera was previously explained by holocentric organization of their chromosomes. Here I analyse the structure of meiotic metaphase I plates in ithomiine butterfly, Forbestraolivencia (H. Bates, 1862) (Nymphalidae, Danainae, Ithomiini) which has a clear “reptilian” organization, contrary to previous observations in Lepidoptera. In this species large bivalents (i.e. macrochromosomes) form a regular peripheral circle, whereas the minute bivalents (i.e. microchromosomes) occupy the center of this circle. The reasons and possible mechanisms resulting in two drastically different spatial chromosome organization in butterflies are discussed.
Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii LAB4 on hepatic and pancreatic sympathetic nerve activity and blood glucose levels in rats
Authors: Horii Y. , Fujisaki Y. , Fuyuki R , Misonou Y. , Nagai K.
Published: January 2019

Various lactobacilli have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in humans. In this study, we examined the effects of intraduodenal (ID) administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus delbrueckii LAB4 (LAB4) on activities of efferent sympathetic nerves innervating the liver and pancreas. Consequently, it was observed that ID administration of LAB4 significantly reduced either the efferent hepatic sympathetic nerve activity (hepatic-SNA) or pancreatic sympathetic nerve activity (pancreatic-SNA) in urethane-anaesthetised rats. Moreover, the effect of acute and chronic administration of LAB4 (1×109 cells/ml) on hyperglycaemia induced by intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) were examined in conscious rats. We found that LAB4 significantly inhibited 2DG-induced hyperglycaemia. These findings suggest that ID administration of heat-killed LAB4 might lower plasma glucose level via changes in the autonomic nervous system in rats.
Factors Predicting Upshoots and Downshoots in Duane's Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Saroha Vandana , Sharma Ashok
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Factors predicting mechanical and innervational types of upshoots and downshoots in Duane's retraction syndrome were evaluated.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated upshoots and downshoots in 196 patients (222 eyes) with Duane's retraction syndrome seen between January 1990 and July 2001 . On the basis of the ciinical characteristics, upshoots and downshoots were classified as mechanical type, innervational type, or both. Factors potentially predicting the upshoot-downshoot phenomenon that were studied included patient age, type of Duane's retraction syndrome, horizontal strabismus, and vertical tropia in the primary position of gaze.

Results: Upshoots and downshoots were present in 39% of the eyes. The mechanical type was more common than the innervational type (26% vs 12%). Overall, upshoots and downshoots were statistically significantly more common in type III Duane's retraction syndrome, with exotropia, and with vertical tropia in primary position. Patient age had no correlation with upshoots or downshoots. Both types of upshoots and downshoots were significantly more common in type III Duane's retraction syndrome. A statistically significant association was found between exotropia and the mechanical type, and between vertical tropia in primary position and the innervational type.

Conclusions: All patients with type III Duane's retraction syndrome, exotropia, and vertical tropia in the primary position of gaze should be examined for upshoots and downshoots. One should look specifically for the mechanical type when there is exotropia and for the innervational type when there is a large vertical tropia in the primary position of gaze.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:147-151.
2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Adhesive for Conjunctival Wound Closure in Rabbits
Authors: Kim Yuri M , Gupta Balaji K
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and histology of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate in conjunctival wound closure in rabbits.

Methods: Ten eyes of 10 New Zealand white rabbits were used. Eight rabbits had conjunctival wounds that were repaired with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. Two rabbits were killed at 1 week and two rabbits were killed at 2 weeks and their conjunctivae were examined histologically. From two additional rabbits, conjunctival strips were obtained that underwent tensile strength testing.

Results: All conjunctival wounds closed well with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. Histology revealed minimal inflammation of the wounds. The tensile strength of conjunctival strips glued together was 25.5 g (standard deviation, 1.9 g).

Conclusion: 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate may be a possible tissue adhesive for conjunctival wound closure.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40: 152-155.
Characterization of the Systemic Findings of Patients Undergoing Initiation of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Haq Siraj , Ansari Waseem H. , Han Michael M. , Conti Thais F. , Conti Felipe F. , Silva Fabiana Q. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Previous studies have validated that baseline visual acuity (VA) can predict a variance response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. However, little is known about the initial systemic presentation of diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to report the baseline systemic findings of patients presenting with DME who received anti-VEGF in clinical practice.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective chart review of patients with DME presenting between April 2012 and December 2016 was performed.

RESULTS:

Data from 638 patients were retrieved. The average patient age was 63.1 years (±11.6 years), and 53% were male. There were 95.6% type II diabetics with an average HgA1c of 8.1% (range: 5.1% to 14.5%). Insulin use was present in 67%, biguanides in 43%, sulfonylureas in 32.8%, DDP4 inhibitors in 11.8%, thiazolidinediones in 3.9%, and D-phenylalanine derivatives in 0.94%. Hypertension was present in 78.4% of patients, cardiac comorbidities in 29.3%, peripheral vascular disease in 16.5%, and renal insufficiency in 22.6%. Patients were then split into two different cohorts based on VA (ETDRS < 70 and ETDRS ≥ 70), and variables were compared between groups.

CONCLUSION:

It was shown that older age, hypertension, elevated creatinine, elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreased biguanide use were positively associated with worse presenting VA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:16–24.]
A Case Report of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in the Setting of
Nocardia kroppenstedtii
Infection
Authors: Venkat Arthi G. , Baynes Kimberly , Lowder Careen Y. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Sharma Sumit
Published: January 2019

A woman with a past medical history of radiation and chemotherapy for multiple malignancies presented with bilateral, multifocal, elevated chorioretinal lesions associated with vitritis. The differential diagnosis included endogenous endophthalmitis and metastatic disease. Her extensive medical history and ill appearance at presentation in concert with vitritis and subretinal lesions was concerning for endogenous endophthalmitis. Although her vitreous sample was negative, her blood cultures were positive for
Nocardia kropenstedtii
and
Nocardia farcinica
. She was started on broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage but had brain lesions on presentation and ultimately passed away. This is the first reported case of
Nocardia
endophthalmitis in the setting of systemic
N. kroppenstedtii
infection.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:53–55.]
Entre ejecutivos republicanos y regencias dinásticas. Desafíos y dilemas en el escenario de las Cortes de Cádiz, 1810-1814
Authors: Ternavasio Marcela
Published: January 2019

El objetivo del artículo es explorar los desafíos y dilemas que expresaron las propuestas dinásticas que pujaron por ocupar el trono vacante de España durante los años en los que sesionaron las Cortes Generales y Extraordinarias y el breve período de las Cortes Ordinarias (1810-1814). El análisis se concentra en las redes de vínculos políticos trabados alrededor de las candidaturas dinásticas a través de una nutrida correspondencia pública y privada, de algunos impresos que circularon y de los debates desplegados en las Cortes. Este estudio presenta, por un lado, el trabajo de adaptación que, en el registro de las prácticas políticas, realizaron los operadores de dichas candidaturas en un escenario atravesado por el impacto de la soberanía popular y de la guerra de opinión que signó a la experiencia gaditana; por otro lado, reubica los interrogantes que se instalaron en torno al carácter perpetuo e interino del gobierno poniendo en juego los tiempos de esa monarquía hereditaria. Las variaciones que exhiben las estrategias, alianzas y argumentos desplegados en ese contexto permiten situar el centro de esta reflexión: las dificultades nacidas del intento por compatibilizar el tradicional principio de linaje dinástico con el enigma que presentaba la nueva naturaleza del poder ejecutivo moderno.
Lipopeptide 78 from Staphylococcus epidermidis Activates β-Catenin To Inhibit Skin Inflammation
Authors: Li Dongqing , Wang Wang , Wu Yelin , Ma Xiaojing , Zhou Wenbo , Lai Yuping
Published: January 2019

The appropriate inflammatory response is essential for normal wound repair, and skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis has been shown to regulate TLR3-mediated inflammatory response to maintain skin homeostasis after injury. However, the underlying mechanism by which S. epidermidis regulates wound-induced inflammation remains largely unexplored. In this study we identified a previously unknown lipopeptide 78 (LP78) from S. epidermidis and showed that LP78 inhibited TLR3-mediated skin inflammation to promote wound healing. Skin injury activated TLR3/NF-κB to promote the interaction of p65 and PPARγ in nuclei and then initiated the inflammatory response in keratinocytes. LP78 activated TLR2-SRC to induce β-catenin phosphorylation at Tyr654. The phospho–β-catenin translocated into nuclei to bind to PPARγ, thus disrupting the interaction between p65 and PPARγ. The disassociation between p65 and PPARγ reduced the expression of TLR3-induced inflammatory cytokines in skin wounds of normal and diabetic mice, which correlated with accelerated wound healing. Our data demonstrate that S. epidermidis–derived LP78 inhibits skin inflammation to promote wound healing and suggest that LP78 might be a potential compound for the treatment of delayed or unhealed wounds.
TCR Retrogenic Mice as a Model To Map Self-Tolerance Mechanisms to the Cancer Mucosa Antigen GUCY2C
Authors: Abraham Tara S. , Flickinger John C. , Waldman Scott A. , Snook Adam E.
Published: January 2019

Characterizing self-tolerance mechanisms and their failure is critical to understand immune homeostasis, cancer immunity, and autoimmunity. However, examination of self-tolerance mechanisms has relied primarily on transgenic mice expressing TCRs targeting well-characterized, but nonphysiologic, model Ags, such as OVA and hemagglutinin. Identifying TCRs directed against bona fide self-antigens is made difficult by the extraordinary diversity of TCRs and the low prevalence of Ag-specific clones (<10–100 naive cells per organism), limiting dissection of tolerance mechanisms restricting immunity to self-proteins. In this study, we isolated and characterized TCRs recognizing the intestinal epithelial cell receptor and colorectal cancer Ag GUCY2C to establish a model to study self-antigen–specific tolerance mechanisms. GUCY2C-specific CD4+ effector T cells were isolated from immunized, nontolerant Gucy2c−/− mice. Next-generation sequencing identified GUCY2C-specific TCRs, which were engineered into CD4+ T cells in vitro to confirm TCR recognition of GUCY2C. Further, the generation of “retrogenic” mice by reconstitution with TCR-transduced hematopoietic stem cells resulted in normal CD4+ T cell development, responsiveness to immunization, and GUCY2C-induced tolerance in recipient mice, recapitulating observations in conventional models. This retrogenic model can be employed to define self-tolerance mechanisms restricting T and B cell responses to GUCY2C to optimize colorectal cancer immunotherapy without autoimmunity.
Cyclic Dinucleotide–Adjuvanted Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Induces Protective Antibody and T Cell Responses
Authors: Espinosa Diego A. , Beatty P. Robert , Reiner Gabrielle L. , Sivick Kelsey E. , Hix Glickman Laura , Dubensky Thomas W. , Harris Eva
Published: January 2019

Endothelial dysfunction and vascular leak, pathogenic hallmarks of severe dengue disease, are directly triggered by dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Previous studies have shown that immunization with NS1, as well as passive transfer of NS1-immune serum or anti-NS1 mAb, prevent NS1-mediated lethality in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective capacity of recombinant DENV NS1 administered with cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), potent activators of innate immune pathways and highly immunogenic adjuvants. Using both wild-type C57BL/6 mice and IFN-α/β receptor–deficient mice, we show that NS1-CDN immunizations elicit serotype-specific and cross-reactive Ab and T cell responses. Furthermore, NS1-CDN vaccinations conferred significant homotypic and heterotypic protection from DENV2-induced morbidity and mortality. In addition, we demonstrate that high anti-NS1 Ab titers are associated with protection, supporting the role of humoral responses against DENV NS1 as correlates of protection. These findings highlight the potential of CDN-based adjuvants for inducing Ab and T cell responses and validate NS1 as an important candidate for dengue vaccine development.
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys' Basketball (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Basketball (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Clifton Daniel R. , Onate James A. , Hertel Jay , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Currie Dustin W. , Wasserman Erin B. , Knowles Sarah B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Marshall Stephen W. , Comstock R. Dawn , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: January 2019

Context

The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of boys' and men's basketball injury data.

Objective

To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school boys' basketball in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate men's basketball in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

Online injury surveillance from basketball teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 55).

Patients or Other Participants

Boys' and men's basketball players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.

Main Outcome Measures

Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were calculated. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared injury rates by school size or division, time in season, event type, and competition level.

Results

The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 3056 time-loss injuries during 1 977 480 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 4607 time-loss injuries during 868 631 AEs. The injury rate was higher for college than for high school (5.30 versus 1.55/1000 AE; IRR = 3.43; 95% CI = 3.28, 3.59). The injury rate was higher for competitions than for practices in both high school (IRR = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.22, 2.56) and college (IRR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.90, 2.14). The most common injuries at both levels were ligament sprains, muscle/tendon strains, and concussions; most injuries affected the ankle, knee, and head/face. Injuries were most often caused by contact with another player or noncontact mechanisms.

Conclusions

Injury rates were greater among collegiate players compared with high school players and were greater during competitions than practices at both levels. Distributions of injuries by body part, diagnoses, and mechanisms of injury were similar, suggesting that athletes at both levels may benefit from similar injury-prevention strategies.
Pricing of fair value instruments reported under International Financial Reporting Standards 7: South African setting
Authors: Hlatshwayo Hopewell , Zulu Mbalenhle
Published: January 2019

Background: Prior literature established that different fair value levels disclosed in terms of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 7 are value relevant.Setting: This study investigates the market pricing of the different fair value levels, as well as the market reaction towards the fair value hierarchy levels reported in terms of IFRS 7.Aim: Prior research found inconsistencies in the market pricing of fair value levels. This study seeks to contribute to this debate. It also focuses on the period after comprehensive guidance on how to measure fair value levels was issued.Methods: Data from 2009 to 2015 were collected from the financial sector companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The study uses the statement of financial position and the Ohlson model to investigate the market pricing of the different fair value levels disclosed in terms of IFRS 7.Results: The results of the study show that the fair value of assets level 1, 2 and 3, as well as the fair value of liabilities level 3 are value relevant while the fair value of liabilities level 1 and 2 are not value relevant. Furthermore, the market pricing of level 2 and 3 fair value assets and liabilities is not lower for companies with a high debt equity ratio than for companies with a low debt equity ratio. The results further reveal that the pricing of level 3 assets improved with the introduction of IFRS 13 and post the 2008 financial crisis.Conclusion: Fair value assets across different hierarchy levels are value relevant. On the contrary, fair value liabilities are priced differently across the different hierarchy levels.
Good capitalism versus bad capitalism: A review
Authors: Strydom Petrus D.F.
Published: January 2019

No abstract available.
Multimodality treatment of head-and-neck soft-tissue sarcomas and short-term outcomes: Analysis from sarcoma medical oncology clinic
Authors: Vanidassane Ilavarasi , Sharma Aparna , Aggarwal Aditi , Gunasekar Sudhakar , Barwad Adarsh , Dhamija Ekta , Pandey Rambha , Deo Suryanarayana , Garg Rakesh , Rastogi Sameer
Published: January 2019

Background: Head-and-neck soft-tissue sarcomas (HNSTS) are extremely rare and lack definite guidelines. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive adult patients with HNSTS who presented to our sarcoma medical oncology clinic from January 2016 to October 2017. Results: There were a total of 30 patients. Unresectable localized disease was seen in 13 (43%) patients, metastatic disease 10 (34%) patients, while resectable disease in 7 (23%) patients only. Among unresectable localized disease, 3 (25%) patients could be converted to resectable disease after neoadjuvant therapy. Median follow period was 11 months. Progression-free survival was 19 months in patients with resectable disease and 6 months in patients with the unresectable/metastatic disease. Median OS was not reached. Conclusion: Unresectable HNSTS has a poor outcome. Neoadjuvant therapy can be tried in selected cases for achieving respectability or for vital organ preservation until robust data are available. A multidisciplinary approach for local control is crucial in managing unresectable HNSTS.
Squamous cell carcinoma of upper alveolus: An experience of a tertiary care center of Northeast India
Authors: Baishya Nizara , Rahman Tashnin , Das Ashok Kumar , Kalita Chandi Ram , Sharma Jagannath Dev , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Kataki Amal Chandra
Published: January 2019

Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the clinical behavior and the impact of nodal metastasis on the prognosis of upper alveolus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Materials and Methods: The medical records of 110 patients with SCC of the upper alveolus (International Classification of Diseases-10-C03.0) diagnosed during 2010–2015 were reviewed. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan–Meier method and was compared using log rank-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 110 patients, 59 were males and 51 were females. Forty-six (41.8%) patients presented with lymph node metastasis. Fifty-three (51.8%) patients presented in Stage IVA, thirty (27.3%) patients in Stage IVB, ten (9.1%) patients in Stage III, 12 (10.9%) patients in Stage II. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 71.1% in Stage II, in Stage III it was 65.6%, in Stage it was IVA 56.7%, and in Stage IVB it was 19.4% (P = 0.02). The 5-year OS for node negative compared with node positive was 66.3% versus 37.3%, respectively (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Presence of lymph node metastasis is associated with lower survival rates. Adequate surgical resection with adjuvant treatment, where necessary, offers the best chance of disease control.
Book Review: African Philosophy and the Epistemic Marginalization of Women
Authors: Awugosi Chukwuemeka I.
Published: January 2019

Book Title: African Philosophy and the Epistemic Marginalization of WomenBook Authors: Jonathan O. Chimakonam & Louise du Toit (Eds.)Publisher: Routledge, Pages: 251, Year of Publication: 2018.
Experiencia de innovación docente en estadística económica
Authors: Jano Salagre María Dolores , Ortiz Serrano Salvador
Published: January 2019

Ante el reto que supone la Convergencia Europea en la Educación Superior, y en el marco de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente realizado en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, se pusieron en marcha varias actuaciones para facilitar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y mejorar la calidad docente de la asignatura de Estadística Descriptiva. La experiencia permitió además poner en marcha una estrategia de colaboración entre profesores. Tras una revisión de la planificación de la asignatura y un estudio del perfil de ingreso de los alumnos matriculados, se aplicó un sistema de evaluación continua en grupos numerosos (más de 100 estudiantes por profesor). Tanto los estudiantes como los profesores valoraron muy positivamente la experiencia de innovación docente. Se observó un incremento en la tasa de presentados respecto a años anteriores y unos mejores resultados.
Significados de la “Formación docente” en las universidades españolas en el marco del EEES
Authors: Ruè Domingo Joan , De Corral Manuel de Villena Ignacio
Published: January 2019

Las universidades españolas han empezado a cobrar conciencia de hallarse ante un cambio muy profundo, que afecta al conjunto de Europa. Ahora bien, ¿cómo hacer dicho cambio?, ¿Cómo llevarlo a cabo? Uno de los riesgos más grandes para que dicho cambio no se de realmente es equivocar la propia concepción del mismo y la de su desarrollo. En este texto se propone un análisis de los significados asociados a la idea de cambio, observados en las distintas propuestas de formación ofrecida por las distintas universidades españolas a su respectivo profesorado. Dicho análisis permitirá aproximarnos al significado de cambio latente en la propuesta de formación para el modelo denominado como EEES. El resultado del mismo nos puede proporcionar, además, una visión de lo que nos falta y de lo que podría hacerse, con el fin de responder del modo mejor posible a los nuevos retos diagnosticados. Finalmente, este análisis pretende despertar el interés de los responsables académicos y los programadores de aquella formación en cada una de las instituciones de Educación Superior interesadas en contrastar sus propias ofertas y las caracterizaciones de las mismas con el referente que emerge en este trabajo.
La evaluación de la calidad de los procesos de innovación docente universitaria. Una perspectiva constructivista.
Authors: Mauri Teresa , Coll Cesar , Onrubia Javier
Published: January 2019

El cambio de cultura docente en educación superior, propiciado por el desarrollo de las directrices de Bolonia, ha supuesto la puesta en marcha de numerosos propuestas de innovación docente y ha traído como consecuencia la necesidad de evaluar la calidad de las mismas. En este marco, se ha desarrollado un proyecto de investigación para valorar el impacto de la innovación docente en la calidad de la enseñanza universitaria. Se han concretado las dimensiones base de la evaluación de la calidad y se han elaborado una serie de cinco instrumentos: tres para el profesor y dos para los alumnos. Los instrumentos han sido utilizados en la evaluación de la calidad de la docencia de tres propuestas de innovación de la docencia en la Universidad de Barcelona.

 
El desarrollo Educativo, una mirada externa: rasgos nacionales y aspectos institucionales en el caso del Imperial College London
Authors: Di Napoli Roberto
Published: January 2019

El propósito central del presente artículo es informar y reflexionar acerca del estado y del estatus del desarrollo educativo en la Educación Superior en el Reino Unido, especialmente en el caso de Inglaterra, tomando el caso de la Universidad Imperial College of London como ejemplo de los temas y de los rasgos de lo que actualmente preocupa en esta temática. A la vez que describe los rasgos básicos del proceso de desarrollo educativo, el texto trata de reflejar de un modo crítico diferentes aspectos implicados en él: la necesidad de estrategias institucionales para el mismo; el dilema entre un desarrollo basado en disciplinas o bien en un enfoque transversal de la docencia, el estatus de “servicio”, comúnmente atribuido a los centros de desarrollo educativo y sus implicaciones; así como la necesidad de asegurar una carrera profesional para los encargados de promover y dar apoyo al desarrollo mencionado. En los tiempos de cambio que se dan en el contexto español, el lector encontrará algunos temas que pueden serle familiares y quizás podrá juzgar el nivel de debate que se da en el Reino Unido acerca de los mismos.
Los coordinadores de prácticas como supervisores del practicum
Authors: Burguera Condon Joaquín Lorenzo , Arias Blanco José Miguel
Published: January 2019

Las universidades españolas, y por extensión los centros y títulos que en ellas se imparten, están implicadas en el establecimiento de acciones orientadas a la mejora de la calidad de sus programas de prácticas. Una estrategia de análisis de la calidad de las prácticas es el establecimiento de mecanismos de evaluación interna. El coordinador de prácticas es un agente fundamental en el proceso evaluador, y para el control y supervisión del desarrollo, evaluación y mejora del practicum. En el contexto de una investigación más amplia, presentamos los resultados más significativos de la valoración que los coordinadores de practicum realizan, como supervisores, sobre el seguimiento y evaluación de las prácticas, tareas y funciones de los tutores, académicos y de los centros de prácticas, y los mecanismos de coordinación entre ellos. Se ha recogido información mediante un cuestionario remitido a los coordinadores de todos los títulos de todas las universidades españolas que tienen esa asignatura. Los resultados indican que detallar las tareas y funciones de los tutores no provoca reticencias en los centros en los que realizan las prácticas los estudiantes, que se respetan mutuamente entre tutores esas tareas, que las relaciones entre tutores son fluidas, que los mecanismos de coordinación entre coordinador y tutor académico se activan sobre todo al principio, y que la tarea primordial del tutor académico es la evaluación, y la del tutor del centro de prácticas es la de control de asistencia.
Practicum en re-construcción: Tejiendo colectivamente un modelo de prácticas desde la innovación
Authors: Novella Cámara Ana M.
Published: January 2019

Los proyectos forman la identidad de las personas, y las personas construyen la identidad de los proyectos. El objetivo de este artículo, es describir la trayectoria del practicum dentro de los estudios de educación social de la Universidad de Barcelona a partir de identificar los elementos que han impulsado su construcción y reconstrucción. La historia de este practicum se caracteriza por las diferentes decisiones que se han tomado, y los permanentes cuestionamientos de éstas, en los casi veinte años de funcionamiento. Pero, no sólo las decisiones tomadas han supuesto un avance o evolución sino también la forma en que éstas se han tomado. Esta evolución va de la mano de tres planes de estudios que han supuesto la oportunidad de revisar y reflexionar qué era el practicum y qué debería llegar a ser. El presente, pasado y futuro del practicum ha sido un proceso de reconstrucción desde la reflexión y evaluación de los agentes implicados. No ha sido una trayectoria en solitario, sino que ha supuesto un proceso colectivo que ha configurado los diferentes espacios formativos y la función docente de los agentes implicados. El camino que hemos andado, y trazado, nos ha permitido evolucionar en los planteamientos, aprender de la experiencia compartida y construir nuestra identidad. Esta evolución permite configurar las prácticas dentro del Grado de Educación Social a partir del modelo de partenariado de reciprocidad, modelo que se ha de consolidar y sistematizar para seguir innovando colectivamente.
Efeito da associação de prática imagética e física na aprendizagem motora em crianças
Authors: Takazono Patrícia Sayuri , Teixeira Luis Augusto
Published: January 2019

Imagética dos próprios movimentos tem mostrado induzir aprendizagem motora em adultos, porém são escassas evidências similares em crianças. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito da associação entre prática imagética e prática física em comparação com prática física pura em uma habilidade manual em crianças de 9-10 anos de idade. A tarefa consistiu em transportar um bloco e encaixá-lo em um suporte com rapidez e estabilidade, avaliando-se o tempo de movimento para completar os componentes de “alcance” e “transporte”. As crianças foram distribuídas em três grupos: (a) prática física (FIS) (240 tentativas), (b) combinação (COMB) de prática imagética (180 tentativas) e prática física (60 tentativas), e (c) controle (CON), com associação de rotação visual (180 tentativas) e prática física (60 tentativas). O desempenho foi avaliado imediatamente e 24 h após a prática. Os resultados indicaram que o grupo FIS obteve ganho persistente de desempenho no componente “transporte”, porém não no componente “alcance”, enquanto o grupo COMB alcançou ganho persistente de desempenho em ambos os componentes de movimento; não foram encontradas diferenças significantes para o grupo CON. Estes resultados sugerem que a prática imagética aprimora a representação mental da tarefa motora em crianças, enquanto que a prática física oferece informação de feedback sensorial sobre o os movimentos realizados. Como conclusão, nossos resultados sugerem que a combinação de prática física e imagética é um procedimento que pode ser mais efetivo do que prática física pura para aprendizagem motora em crianças.
Efeito de uma competição escolar de futebol com jogos em dias consecutivos no estado de recuperação de jogadores sub-19
Authors: Nunes Chaves Suene Franciele , Santos Cerqueira Matheus , Tucher Guilherme , Miloski Bernardo , Barbosa Coelho Daniel , Borba Diego de Alcantara , Pimenta Pedro M.Q. , Ferreira-Júnior João B.
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo objetivou analisar o efeito de uma competição escolar de futebol com jogos em dias consecutivos no estado de recuperação física de jogadores sub-19. Foram avaliados, de forma aleatória, 31 atletas escolares (17,1±1,1 anos) participantes de uma competição escolar de futebol de campo sub-19, composta de duas chaves com quatro equipes cada, seguido de semifinais e final. Os jogos tiveram 70 min de duração (dois tempos de 35 min com 15 min de intervalo), e foram realizados em dias consecutivos com intervalo de 24h entre cada jogo. Foi medida a dor muscular de início tardio (DOMS) e Qualidade Total de Recuperação (QTR) antes de cada jogo da primeira fase (n= 31) e da semifinal (n=18). A carga interna dos jogos foi medida a pelo método da percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão (PSE-sessão). A QTR foi maior antes do primeiro jogo em comparação com os demais jogos (p< 0.001). A DOMS aumentou após o primeiro jogo e não retornou aos valores basais antes do quarto jogo (p< 0.001). A PSE-sessão e a carga interna do quarto jogo foram maiores que as dos demais jogos (p< 0,001). Em adição, não houve correlação entre a carga interna do jogo e a QTR (p> 0,05). A monotonia encontrada no período avaliado foi de 3,1±2.0 UA. Os resultados indicam que o período de 24h parece ser insuficiente para a completa recuperação de atletas escolares de futebol sub-19, sugerindo a organização de competições escolares de futebol sub-19 com maior intervalo entre os jogos e busca por métodos que acelerem a recuperação.
Prevalence of exercise intolerance in obese adults undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: Matheus Agatha Caveda , Sperandio Evandro Fornias , Lauria Vinicius Tonon , Silva Rodrigo Pereira da , Gagliardi Antonio Ricardo de Toledo , Romiti Marcello , Arantes Rodolfo Leite , Dourado Victor Zuniga
Published: January 2019

We hypothesized that the prevalence of exercise intolerance (EI, peak O2 uptake < 83%pred.) is not significantly affected by body mass index (BMI) in adults undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of EI and the influence of BMI in asymptomatic adults. The results of 780 adults (age 41 ± 13 years) who underwent CPET were evaluated. Participants were stratified according to BMI: normal weight (n = 227), overweight (n = 198), and obese class 1 (n = 155), 2 (n = 131), and 3 (n = 69). After cardiovascular risk assessment, the participants underwent CPET on a treadmill ramp protocol. The prevalence of EI was 20, 16, 21, 25, and 21% in the stratified groups respectively, and no significant differences were found. Predictors of EI were physical inactivity, age, and smoking. The prevalence of EI in asymptomatic adults is considerable, regardless of BMI. The obesity-related reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness seems to be as clinically relevant as in non-obese counterparts.
Defensive interactions in soccer small-sided games: an integrated approach between the fundamental tactical principles and the social network analysis
Authors: Praça Gibson Moreira , Sousa Raphael Brito e , Bredt Sarah da Glória Teles , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Teoldo Israel , Castro Henrique de Oliveira , Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira , Moreira Pedro Emílio Drumond
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to 1) present a new analysis of the interactions between the tactical principles of defensive coverage and delay using the Social Network Analysis (SNA); 2) compare the defensive cooperation patterns presented by players of different categories during a 3vs.3 soccer small-sided games SSG; 3) compare the level of defensive prominence presented by defenders, midfielders, and forwards in 3vs.3 SSG within and between different categories. Twenty-eight soccer athletes from U-13 (n=14) and U-14 (n=14) categories of a sports club performed 3vs.3 SSG for the analysis of the defensive tactical principles. Defensive interactions were considered successful defensive coverage and a delay actions performed within the same time interval. Macro (density and clustering coefficient) and micro (degree centrality, degree prestige and page rank) analyses were used as SNA measures. Results indicated no significant differences between categories for the macro and micro analyses. Only in the U-14 category, midfielders presented higher prominence levels than the other playing positions (p=0.004). We concluded that U-13 and U-14 athletes are not different regarding defensive cooperation patterns. A higher positional tactical knowledge obtained through deliberate practice is essential to induce different defensive interactions between playing positions, as shown by significant differences only in the U-14 category.
Tempo sedentário e ambiente percebido sobre o bairro em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos
Authors: Sarabia Tais Taiana , Reis Mariana Silva dos , Gonçalves Priscila Bezerra , Reis Rodrigo Siqueira
Published: January 2019

O ambiente no entrono da residência pode contribuir para atenuar ou acentuar o tempo em atividades sedentárias em adolescentes. Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre o tempo sedentário e a percepção do ambiente sobre o bairro em adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos residentes no sul do Brasil. Este foi um estudo transversal realizado entre os meses Agosto, 2013 e Maio, 2014, em uma amostra de adolescentes, recrutados em 32 setores censitários da cidade de Curitiba-PR, Brasil. Os setores foram selecionados de acordo com as características de walkability e renda. O ambiente percebido foi avaliado com o questionário NEWS-Y. O tempo sedentário foi avaliado de maneira objetiva por meio de acelerômetros (GT1M, GT3x e GT3x+) durante sete dias consecutivos. Modelos de regressão linear foram empregados para testar as associações, sendo consideradas como variáveis de confundimento a idade, o estado nutricional, o nível socioeconômico e a escolaridade. As análises foram realizadas considerando o valor de p<0,05 através do software SPSS 20,0. A amostra analítica contou com 364 adolescentes com dados válidos de acelerômetros (meninas=50,5%; idade média=14,7 anos, DP=1,7 anos), tendo apresentando 489,6 minutos/dia (DP=99,5 minutos/dia) de tempo em atividades sedentárias. Após ajuste para as variáveis de confundimento apenas a percepção de lugares para caminhar e para pedalar manteve-se associada com tempo sedentário tanto para meninos (B=-23,402; p=0,016) quanto para meninas (B=-15,572; p=0,079). A percepção de locais para caminhar e pedalar tem relação inversa com tempo sedentário entre adolescentes residentes em locais com extremos de walkability nível socioeconômico.
Estimation of atmospheric total organic carbon (TOC) – paving the path towards carbon budget closure
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Fleming Zoë L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The atmosphere contains a rich variety of reactive organic compounds,
including gaseous volatile organic carbon (VOCs), carbonaceous aerosols, and
other organic compounds at varying volatility. Here we present a novel and
simple approach to measure atmospheric non-methane total organic carbon (TOC)
based on catalytic oxidation of organics in bulk air to carbon dioxide. This
method shows little sensitivity towards humidity and near 100 % oxidation
efficiencies for all VOCs tested. We estimate a best-case hourly precision of
8 ppb C during times of low ambient variability in carbon dioxide, methane,
and carbon monoxide (CO). As proof of concept of this approach, we show
measurements of TOC+CO during August–September 2016 from a coastal
city in the southwest United Kingdom. TOC+CO was substantially
elevated during the day on weekdays (occasionally over 2 ppm C) as a result
of local anthropogenic activity. On weekends and holidays, with a mean
(standard error) of 102 (8) ppb C, TOC+CO was lower and showed much
less diurnal variability. TOC+CO was significantly lower when winds
were coming off the Atlantic Ocean than when winds were coming off land if we
exclude the weekday daytime. By subtracting the estimated CO from
TOC+CO, we constrain the mean (uncertainty) TOC in Atlantic-dominated
air masses to be around 23 (±≥8) ppb C during this period. A
proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was deployed at the same
time, detecting a large range of organic compounds (oxygenated VOCs, biogenic
VOCs, aromatics, dimethyl sulfide). The total speciated VOCs from the PTR-MS,
denoted here as Sum(VOC), amounted to a mean (uncertainty) of 12 (±≤3) ppb C in marine air. Possible contributions from a number of known
organic compounds present in marine air that were not detected by the PTR-MS
are assessed within the context of the TOC budget. Finally, we note that the
use of a short, heated sample tube can improve the transmission of organics
to the analyzer, while operating our system alternately with and without a
particle filter should enable a better separation of semi-volatile and
particulate organics from the VOCs within the TOC budget. Future concurrent
measurements of TOC, CO, and a more comprehensive range of speciated VOCs
would enable a better characterization and understanding of
the atmospheric organic carbon budget.