bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SANKSI PIDANA BAGI ANAK YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM PERSPEKTIF FIQIH JINAYAH
Authors: Rafid Noercholis , Saidah Saidah
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to determine the criminal acts of children along with criminal sanctions given as preventive measures. By using qualitative data and through juridical and theological normative approaches it was found the conclusion is criminal acts of children are acts carried out contrary to the Law contained in the Criminal Code. The cause of child delinquency is caused by internal factors, namely family and external, namely environmental conditions. In jurisprudence jurisprudence there is no criminal sanction against the child for the crime he committed, because he is considered not yet competent legally, but a judge is allowed to sanction educational actions so that the child can be better. Criminal violations committed by a child who is faced with the law should be charged to his parents or handed over to the state to be sanctioned in the form of guidance. This is because minors have not yet been forgiven.
PEMIKIRAN ETIKA MULLA SHADRA
Authors: Bachtiar Andi Safri
Published: July 2019

Para pemikir muslim berpendapat bahwa etika merupakan ilmu pengobatan rohani yang sangat dibutuhkan manusia, terlebih dalam keadaan yang serba tidak menentu seperti sekarang ini,kondisi psikologis dan mental masyarakat akhir-akhir ini menunjukkan dekadensi moral yang mengkhawatirkan. Oleh karena itu pengkajian di bidang etika semakin dirasakan urgensinya, di samping itu etika filosofis yang dikembangkan para filosof muslim juga perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius.Salah seorang filosof besar yang memiliki peran penting bagi dunia intelektual Islam yakni Mulla Shadra. Pada era Mulla Shadra ini, telah melahirkan sebuah nuansa filsafat baru yang dipelajari secara intensif dengan berbagai analisis serta memberikan sintesis dan integrasi dari filsafat-filsafat sebelumnya. dengan pemikiran-pemikirannya dalam filsafat hikmah yang brilian dan orisinil mampu menjawab semua tantangan-tantangan moral pada masanya.
Pengaruh formulasi daging kelinci dan ubi jalar ungu (Ipomea batatas L.) terhadap sifat kimia dan organoleptik bakso
Authors: Ariyani Munna , Syahrumsyah Hudaida , Agustin Sukmiyati
Published: July 2019

Bakso merupakan produk hasil ternak yang bergizi tinggi dan banyak disukai atau digemari oleh masyarakat. Penggunaan daging kelinci sebagai bahan baku pembuatan produk bakso sangat perlu dikembangkan dengan tujuan meningkatkan diversifikasi pengolahan daging dan untuk menghasilkan produk pangan olahan daging yang aman dan bergizi tinggi yang disukai oleh masyarakat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses pengolahan daging kelinci dan ubi jalar ungu menjadi bakso yang dapat dijadikan sebagai produk olahan yang kaya akan gizi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat kimia dan organoleptik dari bakso. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, dengan 6 perlakuan formulasi daging kelinci dan ubi jalar ungu yaitu: 100% daging kelinci; 90%:10%; 80%:20%; 70%:30%; 60%:40%; 50%:50% dengan 3 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur dengan taraf α 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi daging kelinci dan ubi jalar ungu 70%:30% merupakan formulasi dengan respons sensoris hedonik terbaik dengan karakteristik mempunyai kadar protein 17,42%, kadar air 61,68%, kadar abu 1,83%, kadar lemak 10,17%, kadar karbohidrat 6,90%, dan total antosianin 2,40 mg/100 gram. Sifat sensoris mutu hedonik bakso yang dihasilkan mempunyai karakteristik berwarna agak ungu, beraroma daging, berteksturkenyal, dan berasa daging.
ADOPTION OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR IDENTIFYING TOURISM DESTINATIONS BY TRAVELLERS: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Kuo Tung-Sheng , Huang Kuo- Chung , Quyet Nguyen Thang , Hung Nguyen Phuc
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study is to provide an assessment of both how consumers adopt mobile tourism apps and how consumers use those apps to orient customer intentions to visit tourism destinations. The technology acceptance model (TAM) is used to explore customer intentions to adopt tourism apps. A survey of 630 tourism respondents found that the e-servicescape environment and e-word-of-mouth communication play major roles in determining intentions to adopt tourism apps and to visit tourism destinations. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness tend to be moderators of the effects of the e-servicescape environment and e-word-of-mouth communication on attitudes towards using apps. The results may be important references to conduct further validations, and critical for marketing managers when designing specific criteria to enhance mobile apps and their adoption. The different managerial implications – including apps to differential marketing tools, improving attitudes towards using tourism apps, and segmenting customers in order to design marketing strategies – are considered.
AN EXTENDED TODIM METHOD FOR PROJECT MANAGER’S COMPETENCY EVALUATION
Authors: Yin Jielin , Guo Jian , Ji Tianmeng , Cai Jingru , Xiao Lei , Dong Zhao
Published: July 2019

The project managers’ high efficiency and leadership ability is very important for the success of the whole project. Evaluating the competency of project manager accurately and selecting the suitable project manager from alternatives is a very core research issue that should be paid high attention to in the field of project management. When evaluating the competency of project manager, multiple criteria with interactive relationship should be considered, and the decision makers may have bounded rational behavior which may have a great impact on the result of evaluation, whereas the decision makes’ psychological behavior is rarely taken into account in the existing studies on the evaluation of project managers’ competency. TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision making) is a multi-criteria decision making method considering the decision makers’ behavior. In this paper, an extended TODIM method which combines λ -fuzzy measure with Choquet integral considering incomplete criteria information and decision makers’ bounded rational behaviors are presented to evaluate the competency of project manager. Furthermore, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the method proposed. We hope that this method can provide some valuable references for the evaluation of project manager’s competency.
Short-period Variable Stars in Young Open Cluster Stock 8
Authors: Lata Sneh , Pandey Anil K. , Yadav Ram Kesh , Richichi Andrea , Irawati Puji , Panwar Neelam , Dhillon V. S. , Marsh T. R.
Published: July 2019

We present time-series photometry in the field of Stock 8 and identified 130 short-period variable stars. Twenty-eight main-sequence and 23 pre-main-sequence variables are found to be part of cluster Stock 8. The main-sequence variables are classified as slow pulsators of the B-type, β Cep, and δ Scuti stars. Fourteen main-sequence stars could be new class variables as discussed by Mowlavi et al. and Lata et al. The age and mass of pre-main-sequence variables are found to be ≲5 Myr and in the mass range of 0.5–2.8 M
⊙, respectively. These pre-main-sequence stars could be T-Tauri variables. We have found 5 and 2 of 23 pre-main-sequence variables as classical T-Tauri stars and Herbig Ae/Be stars, respectively, whereas 16 pre-main-sequence stars are classified as weak-line T-Tauri stars.
Reflected Light Phase Curves in the TESS Era
Authors: Mayorga L. C. , Batalha Natasha E. , Lewis Nikole K. , Marley Mark S.
Published: July 2019

The reflected light signal from a planet throughout its orbit is a powerful probe of a planet’s atmospheric properties. There are a number of planets that are amenable to reflected light phase curve studies with present and future space-based instrumentation and here we assess our ability to characterize these worlds. Using simulated Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) populations we identify the Nine, a set of archetypal exoplanets with the potential to be bright in reflected light, because of their radii and proximity to their star, while still being cool enough to have minimal thermal contamination at optical wavelengths. For each planet we compute albedo spectra for several cloud and atmosphere assumptions (e.g., thermochemical equilibrium, solar composition). We find that in the TESS bandpass the estimated contrast at optical wavelengths is typically <10 ppm except for the brightest, largest, or closest in planets with the highest lofted clouds where contrast can reach a few tens of parts per million. Meanwhile, in a bluer bandpass (0.3–0.5 μm) the estimated contrast can be as high as 150 ppm but typically 10–50 ppm. In the temperature range of interest, planets with the highest, most extensive cloud decks are generally darker at bluer wavelengths than cloudless planets because of the low single scattering albedos of their primary condensate constituents. Our models suggest that Neptune-sized planets with relatively low insolation and small semimajor axes are the most conducive to reflected light phase curve studies in TESS.
Collisional Depolarization of the Solar Ca, Mg, and Ba Levels
Authors: Derouich M.
Published: July 2019

We study the depolarization of the p-states of the Mg, Ca, and Ba atoms by isotropic collisions with neutral hydrogen. We show that the main source of error in calculating the collisional depolarization is the inaccuracy of the interaction potentials. To better investigate this problem, we determine the region of the interaction potential that is decisive in the calculation of the depolarization rates. We conclude that semiclassical and quantum potentials should be combined in view of obtaining the so-called hybrid potentials, which are the most precise ones. The depolarization rates of the p-states of the Ca i, Mg i, and Ba i are inferred by using hybrid potentials and compared to previously obtained quantum and semiclassical rates. Insights are also given for treating the effects of the spin. Our results should be useful for interpreting the second solar spectrum.
A new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from the Puna biogeographic province in Argentina
Authors: Peralta Marcela Alejandra , Isa Miranda Águeda Verónica
Published: July 2019

A new species of freshwater amphipod belonging to genus Hyalella is described from a peatbog at high altitudes (3,650 to 4,400 m above sea level) in the Puna region (Salta province, northwestern Argentina). The new species can be distinguished from other hyalellid species by the following combination of characters: dorso-posterior flanges on pleonites I–III; palp on maxilla 1 reaching almost half of distance between base of palp and base of setae on outer plate, and two papposerrate setae on the inner margin of inner plate of maxilla 2; propodus of gnathopod 1 hammer-shaped, inner face with seven serrate setae; propodus of gnathopod 2 ovate; male uropod 1 without curved seta on inner side of inner ramus; ramus of uropod 3 shorter than peduncle; six pair of sternal gills on pereionites II–VII.

A detailed morphological description and illustrations of the new species are provided. In Argentina, the new species represents the third record for the genus at altitudes greater than 2,000 m a.s.l., after H.kochi and H.fossamancinii (Dos Santos et al. 2008, González 2003), and the first record above 4,000 m a.s.l. Some comments about distributional and ecological aspects of the new species are included. With this new species, the number of Hyalella species known from Argentina and Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) rises to 12.
A new species of genus Hoplocryptus Thomson (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) and a key to species from Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic regions
Authors: Wang Xi-Nan , Sheng Mao-Ling , Schwarz Martin
Published: July 2019

A new species of Cryptinae,Hoplocryptus qingdaoensisSheng, Wang & Schwarz,sp. nov.collected from Qingdao, Shandong Province, in the north border of oriental part of China, is described and illustrated. A key to species known from the Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic regions is provided.
Enfermement et contention
Authors: Carré Raphaël , Morlhon Laurent , Ponet Blandine
Published: July 2019

À travers les résultats des recherches sur le vécu des patients et des soignants, sur les données épidémiologiques de contention physique, la psychiatrie est abordée dans ce qu’elle représente de l’enfermement à son extrême : l’immobilisation totale du sujet. La pratique actuelle de la contrainte physique s’inscrit dans une évolution historique depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à une levée du tabou aujourd’hui : de nombreux rapports et recommandations ainsi que la législation questionnent sur une recrudescence de ces mesures. Pourtant, comment éviter d’en arriver à ces mesures d’enfermement ? Comment le travail en équipe peut-il permettre d’éviter la contention et que chacun cherche des solutions dans chacune des situations ?
La Colifata, une clinique de l’ouvert
Authors: Olivera Alfredo
Published: July 2019

À travers l’expérience de la radio La Colifata, née dans l’hôpital psychiatrique Borda de Buenos Aires en 1991, l’auteur déploie la notion de pratique « altérative » et montre comment le « dispositif radiophonique de groupe ouvert », en introduisant l’aléatoire comme élément essentiel du dispositif, modifie les positions subjectives des patients, désincarcère les catégories sociales qui nous enferment et se révèle comme un outil et un espace producteurs de « devenirs autres ».
La confiance interpersonnelle en milieu hospitalier : une proposition de lecture par la Proximité
Authors: Mériade Laurent , Rochette Corinne , Talbot Damien
Published: July 2019

La confiance interpersonnelle est définie comme une ressource sociale qui facilite la coopération en permettant une meilleure coordination des interactions entre des acteurs. L’École de la Proximité montre que plus les acteurs sont proches sur un plan spatial, cognitif, social, organisationnel ou institutionnel, plus la probabilité qu’ils nouent une relation est forte. À partir de l’étude du cas d’un Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer (CLCC), notre objectif de recherche vise à analyser en quoi les proximités entre les acteurs d’un établissement hospitalier participent à la construction de la confiance interpersonnelle. La confiance est ainsi caractérisée dans ses dimensions cognitive et affective à partir de la grille de la proximité. Nous montrons quels sont les effets des proximités sur la confiance dans ses deux dimensions.
Dispositifs chorégraphiques dans la ville : les effets de l’imprévisible sur les acteurs de l’urbain
Authors: Brunaux Hélène
Published: July 2019

L’étude s’intéresse aux formes de danses émergentes dans la ville, aux interventions chorégraphiques performatives qui proposent de nouvelles expériences perceptives chez les danseurs et pour les spectateurs. Dans ce sens, les aléas sociaux et spatiaux intrinsèques au contexte urbain perturbent les cadres d’action et les cadres de réception des acteurs en provoquant l’apparition de phénomènes spontanés. En passant par une analyse des formes d’engagement dans ces expériences artistiques, l’article s’intéresse à la manière dont les acteurs interrogent la réalité et ses redéfinitions aux prises avec l’imprévisible. La portée des processus aléatoires et leurs effets vont dépendre des valeurs et des rapports aux corps, aux « autres » et à l’art que les acteurs se sont construits au cours de leur socialisation, mais aussi de leur propension à développer des compétences adaptatives dans l’ in situ .
« D’excellentes personnes assez obscures », lecture critique de l’histoire et de l’historiographie de la danse à la fin du xixe siècle
Authors: Marquié Hélène
Published: July 2019

À la fin du xixe siècle, des femmes accèdent à la profession de maîtresse de ballet. Elles jouissent alors d’une grande notoriété et leurs apports, dans les domaines de la chorégraphie, de la pédagogie, de la production de savoirs ou de la défense des droits des artistes de la danse, sont incontestables. Elles ont aussi travaillé à réhabiliter les images déplorables de la danse et des danseuses. Or elles ne figurent pas dans les histoires de la danse théâtrale, longtemps biaisées par des représentations et des fantasmes. La prise en compte de leurs parcours permet de remettre en question les récits historiques habituels et apporte à l’histoire des femmes et du genre un éclairage sur une catégorie socioprofessionnelle qui n’est en général connue que par les représentations sexistes du temps. Les hiérarchies de genre s’articulent à d’autres facteurs hiérarchiques, de classe et de genres/styles spectaculaires, pour faire système et imposer jusqu’à aujourd’hui un récit conforme à des représentations sociales légitimées. La perspective du genre permet de questionner l’historiographie et les biais idéologiques qui la sous-tendent ainsi que les canons artistiques et plus particulièrement la notion de modernité.
Biobanques médicales et génomique fonctionnelle en France
Authors: Fiant Océane
Published: July 2019

Les biobanques médicales sont des infrastructures (principalement hospitalières) mises en place par les pouvoirs publics afin d’accélérer le développement de la médecine de précision en France. Elles sont alors mises au service de l’intérêt général. Toutefois, satisfaire l’intérêt général requiert des aménagements normatifs qui tiennent compte des spécificités épistémologiques, méthodologiques et organisationnelles des recherches de la génomique fonctionnelle que soutiennent les biobanques. À défaut, il est probable que biobanques et médecine de précision profitent bien plus aux intérêts privés qu’à ceux des patients et de la société. Cet article propose d’expliciter ce dilemme éthique et y présente une solution grâce à la démarche de délibération propre à l’éthique appliquée.
Rédacteurs en chef virtuels et autres robots dans la presse
Authors: Argouarch Philippe
Published: July 2019

Le rédacteur en chef virtuel est un bot qui hiérarchise l’information en temps réel sur la page d’accueil d’un Web média ou de la version en ligne d’un journal papier. Il utilise le nombre de lectures par heure (CPH) pour déterminer la position d’un article de presse au moment du chargement de la page. Le CPH le plus élevé provoque la positionnement la plus haut d’un article sur la page. Le système a l’avantage d’éviter la subjectivité d’un rédacteur en chef traditionnel. Des robots peuvent aussi écrire des articles.
Design and Finite Element Analysis of Cargo Hose Tower Structure Using Low Carbon Steel Material
Authors: Wisnugroho Joko , Gifry Rizwan , Indrajaya Yulius
Published: July 2019

Cargo hose tower is an alternative equipment that can be used in loading-unloadingprocess in oil tanker. This paper describes a structural safety analysis of cargo hose tower that transferoil to and from tankers or cargo vessels. Stresses for two types of load conditions that wereconsidered in this study and were drawn by finite element analysis. The results of the finite elementanalysis was also compared with the allowable stresses required in order to determine the designappropriateness of the cargo hose tower structure.
Dynamic Modeling of Mitral Valve Annulus and Leaflet Coaptation by Splines
Authors: Zhang Wan , Zhou Kai Wen , Zeng Jun Yi , Ding Lu
Published: July 2019

Visual and quantitative evaluation of the mitral valve is an important step in the clinicalworkflow according to experts as knowledge about mitral dynamics is crucial for interventionalplanning. We consider dynamic modeling of mitral valve annulus and leaflet coaptation by cubicB-splines, and the error of every tagging point is measured to the fitted curve to decide whether asecond round fitting is needed. After modeling, four clinically important points are identified. Thismodeling and identification are significantly important for further diagnosis and evaluation of thedynamic deformation of the mitral valve apparatus.
Similar predictive value of six-minute walking distance and B-type natriuretic peptide in heart failure with reduced to mid-range ejection fraction
Authors: Scardovi Angela Beatrice , De Maria Renata , Galeotti Gian Giacomo , Faggiano Pompilio , Arcari Luca , Ghio Stefano , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Rossi Andrea , Magni Giovanna , Simioniuc Anca , Ricci Roberto , Dini Frank Lloyd
Published: July 2019

The prognostic insights of heart failure (HF) with mid-range (40-49%) ejection fraction (HFmrEF) are not fully elucidated. We investigated whether the six-minutes walking test (6MWT) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are predictive of outcome across the spectrum of LV systolic dysfunction and whether the HFmrEF cut-off impacts the risk stratification abilities of these tests. We studied 538 outpatients, aged 70±12 years, 28% females, with stable chronic HF and EF<50%, 349 with HFmrEF and 189 with HFrEF. End-points were all-cause and cardiac death. HFrEF patients were more often male, with ischemic etiology, severe symptoms, higher BNP levels, and cardiac mortality than HFmrEF subjects. During 32 (15-46) months follow-up, 123 (23%) patients died, 95 (18%) for cardiac causes. Cut-offs of 125 pg/ml for BNP and 360 meters for 6MWT distance were associated with lower all-cause (10% vs 38%, p<0.001 and 10% vs 26%, p<0.001, respectively) and cardiac mortality (6% vs 36%, p<0.001 and 8% vs 23%, p<0.001, respectively). BNP (HR 2.144, 95%CI, 1.403-3.276) and 6MWT walked distance (HR 1.923, 95%CI, 1.195-3.096) independently predicted outcome, after adjustment for age, gender, obesity, kidney dysfunction, ischemic etiology, NYHA class, unlike the 40% LVEF threshold. Model discrimination and survival differences were significant across LVEF strata. Higher BNP levels and shorter walked distance combined identified patients (26% overall) at particularly poor prognosis in both phenotype groups. Despite differences between HFmrEF and HFrEF patients in clinical and biomarker profile, BNP levels and 6MWT walked distance retain prognostic value over the entire spectrum of LV systolic dysfunction.
The 1985 Mexican earthquake - a site-visit report
Authors: Mitchell D , Adams J , DeVall R
H , Lo R C , Weichert D
Published: July 2019

Severe damage during the September 19, 1985 Mexican earthquake prompted a site visit by three engineers and two seismologists representing the Canadian National Committee on Earthquake Engineering. This report contains background information on earthquake
history, subsoil conditions, past structural damage and building codes, together with details of the 1985 earthquake and its strong ground motion. The team's observations of moderate damage in the epicentral area are consistent with the relatively low near-field accelerations (15% g) and high
frequencies recorded. In the damaged parts of Mexico City, soft soil conditions amplified the ground motion and resulted in almost pure harmonie motion with a period of about two seconds. These characteristics, together with the long duration of strong ground motion, caused severe damage to many
6-20 storey buildings (both steel and reinforced concrete), as is illustrated in the report. Lessons learned from the earthquake together with the Mexican emergency code changes are discussed.
GEM-Mackenzie: bedrock mapping and related stratigraphic studies, 2009-2019
Authors: Fallas K M , MacNaughton R B
Published: July 2019

The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program provided an opportunity to update the state of bedrock geological mapping for nearly 92,000 km2 of the northern mainland Northwest Territories, in a swath extending from the Colville Hills and Great Bear
Plain, westward to the eastern and northern Mackenzie Mountains. Mapping focused initially on the region around the long-producing Norman Wells oil field, and subsequently extended north to the Colville Hills, a region of known oil and gas potential, and west into the Mackenzie Mountains, an area
with numerous mineral showings. The result will be 24 new bedrock geology maps at 1:100 000 or 1:250 000 scales, published in GIS-enabled format as Canadian Geoscience Maps (CGMs). The mapping effort made extensive use of archival GSC data, notably those preserved following Operation Norman
(1968-1970), as well as public-domain industry data. Maps incorporate numerous stratigraphic revisions that post-date the Operation Norman era, including innovations from the GEM program that affect a number of Tonian, Ediacaran, Cambrian, and Ordovician units. The present report is an overview of
the mapping efforts, including summaries of stratigraphic revisions, as well as a preliminary treatment of the structural geology of the study area. Also included is a brief summary of subsurface studies. Following the conclusion of the GEM program, modern, GIS-enabled bedrock maps will be available
for a swath of territory extending from the edge of the Selwyn Basin, near the Yukon border, to the Brock Inlier in the northeastern mainland Northwest Territories.
Interfering shoulder pain - Incidence and management in a group of provincial swimmers
Authors: Hall J. A. , Stewart A. V. , Rogers G. R.
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Beta-thalassemia major complicated by intracranial hemorrhage and critical illness polyneuropathy
Authors: Sanju S , Tullu MS , Karande S , Muranjan MN , Parekh P
Published: July 2019

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is rarely seen in patients with thalassemia. A seven-year-old male, known case of beta-thalassemia major, on irregular packed cell transfusions (elsewhere) and non-compliant with chelation therapy, presented with congestive cardiac failure (Hb-3 gm/dl). He received three packed red cell transfusions over 7 days (cumulative volume 40 cc/kg). On the 9th day, he developed projectile vomiting and two episodes of generalized tonic-clonic convulsions with altered sensorium. He had exaggerated deep tendon reflexes and extensor plantars. CT-scan of brain revealed bilateral acute frontal hematoma with diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (frontal and parietal). Coagulation profile was normal. CT-angiography of brain showed diffuse focal areas of reduced caliber of anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and basilar and internal carotid arteries (likely to be a spasmodic reaction to subarachnoid hemorrhage). He required mechanical ventilation for 4 days and conservative management for the hemorrhage. However, on the 18th day, he developed one episode of generalized tonic-clonic convulsion and his sensorium deteriorated further (without any new ICH) and required repeat mechanical ventilation for 12 days. On the 28th day, he was noticed to have quadriplegia (while on a ventilator). Nerve conduction study (42nd day) revealed severe motor axonal neuropathy (suggesting critical illness polyneuropathy). He improved with physiotherapy and could sit upright and speak sentences at discharge (59th day). The child recovered completely after 3 months. It is wise not to transfuse more than 20 cc/kg of packed red cell volume during each admission and not more than once in a week (exception being congestive cardiac failure) for thalassemia patients.
Economic burden of specific learning disability
Authors: Karande S , D'souza S , Gogtay N , Shiledar M , Sholapurwala R
Published: July 2019

Aims:

The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the economic burden of specific learning disability (SpLD) by estimating its direct, indirect, and intangible costs. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of variables on the economic burden.

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional single-arm descriptive study.

Setting:

Learning disability clinic in a public medical college in Mumbai.

Subjects and Methods:

The study cases (aged ≥8 years) were recruited by non-probability sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the parent/guardian to collect data related to direct and indirect costs. Intangible costs data were collected by documenting the willingness-to-pay value using the contingent valuation technique.

Statistical Analysis Used:

A quantile regression model was used to assess the impact of predictor variables on the costs.

Results:

The direct, indirect, and intangible costs due to SpLD were Indian Rupees (INR) 5,936,053, 29,261,220, and 42,295,000, respectively. Indirect costs comprised 83.1% of the total costs. Expenditure on tuitions and remedial education comprised 61.61% and 64.39% of the indirect and direct costs, respectively. The average annual learning disability clinic costs were INR 2,169,888. The average annual total costs per student were INR 90,773. Longer duration of poor school performance was predictive of higher direct, indirect, and total costs; and higher socioeconomic status was predictive of lower intangible costs.

Conclusion:

SpLD is a cost-intensive disability (intangible > indirect > direct costs). Tuitions, which are not the therapy for SpLD, are the most costly component of indirect costs. Remedial education is the most costly component of direct costs.
The relationship between maternal mental health and communication skills in children in Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Maharlouei Najmeh , Alibeigi Hossein , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Keshavarz Pedram , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi , Nemati Hamid , B. lankarani Kamran
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES: Child development is a significant issue in global public health, and maternal mental health (MMH) can have a remarkable effect on children’s development of communication skills. We aimed to investigate the association between MMH and communication skills in a sample of Iranian children.METHODS: This study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran during 2016. In total, 640 mothers who lived in Shiraz and were registered in the Fars Birth Cohort (FBC) study were invited to attend the FBC clinic with their children. A trained physician evaluated MMH using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Additionally, a trained nurse assessed the children’s communication development status using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire for 60-month old children.RESULTS: The majority of the mothers were homemakers (82.8%) and had high school diplomas (38.9%). The mothers’ mean age was 33.7±4.6 years. Seventy-nine (12.3%) children had delayed communication skills, but no significant association was found between children’s communication skills and the mothers’ total GHQ score (p=0.43). In total, 493 mothers (77.0%) had abnormal somatic symptoms, 497 (77.7%) had abnormal anxiety/insomnia, 337 (52.7%) had social dysfunction, and 232 (36.3%) suffered from depression. Logistic regression indicated that after adjusting for confounders, the odds of delayed communication skills were 3-fold higher among the children of mothers with abnormal somatic symptoms than among other children (p=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The study results confirmed that MMH had a significant impact on children’s communication skills. Moreover, maternal abnormal somatic symptoms exerted the strongest impact on the development of communication skills in 5-yearold children.
Definition and Measurement of Transfer Case Speed-Dependent Parasitic Loss
Authors:   Drivetrain Standards Committee
Published: July 2019

This SAE Recommended Practice covers transfer cases used in passenger car and light truck applications. Transfer cases are of the chain, geared, manually and electronically shifted types although other configurations are possible. The operating points (speeds, temperatures, etc.) were chosen to mirror those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Driving Schedules (DDS).
Some obstacles to wage-led growth
Authors: King J.E.
Published: July 2019

I begin by providing a non-technical summary of the Post-Keynesian model of wage-led growth. I then summarise the work of microeconomists and industrial relations researchers on the reasons why real wages have failed to keep pace with labour productivity, leading to a steady decline in the wage share of GDP. These include the decline of trade unions, the erosion of the welfare state and (especially) the increasing ability and willingness of employers to evade and avoid labour market regulation. I conclude that these microeconomic problems need to be solved for a macroeconomic strategy of wage-led growth to be possible.
Differences in wage-determination systems between regular and non-regular employment in a Kaleckian model*
Authors: Sonoda Ryunosuke , Sasaki Hiroaki
Published: July 2019

In this study, we build a Kaleckian model incorporating institutional differences between the wage determination of regular employment and that of non-regular employment. In our model, three types of wage-bargaining regimes are defined based on how regular workers’ collective wage bargaining affects the real wage rate of non-regular workers. We investigate the stability conditions of the dynamical system under each combination of demand regimes and wage-bargaining regimes. We also conduct comparative static analysis and show that the effects of changes in the parameters are diverse depending on combinations of demand regimes and wage-bargaining regimes.
The process of endogenous liquidity in developing economies: the case of Mexico*
Authors: Castillo Polanco Luis Alfredo , Schmidt Ted P.
Published: July 2019

The Post-Keynesian theory of endogenous money is typically used to explain the operations in advanced economies like the US. While the core ideas are relevant for all market economies, developing economies have additional features which complicate the process. These may include: the local currency is not accepted as a means of payment for international transactions, so the banking system (including the central bank) requires foreign currency reserves (balance-of-payments constraint); hard currency reserves are needed to provide ‘credibility’ for circulation of domestic currency; stock and bond markets are not well developed, so other financial instruments are necessary to complete the finance-funding process; and institutional differences regarding monetary control.

We use the case of Mexico to show how these features of developing economies can complicate the endogenous-money process. For Mexico the process is constrained by the use of the US dollar as both a store of value and a reserve for the banking system. As a consequence, the interest rate is determined by the demand for the alternative sources of liquidity creation, and therefore a credit-financed expansion will necessitate an increase in the interest rate which can lead to a recession or other crisis scenarios.
External Sector Report, July 2018
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: July 2019

The External Sector Report presents a methodologically consistent assessment of the exchange rates, current accounts, reserves, capital flows, and external balance sheets of the world’s largest economies. The 2018 edition includes an analytical assessment of how trade costs and related policy barriers drive excess global imbalances.
Seychelles
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: July 2019

Seychelles has made noticeable progress toward economic stability and sustainability under successive Fund programs through prudent macroeconomic policies and bold reforms since the crisis in 2008. Despite significant headway, the country remains vulnerable to external shocks as a small, open, and tourism-dependent economy. Seychelles could face challenges to reconcile its goals to reduce its infrastructure gap, enhance its resilience to climate change, and bolster its medium-term fiscal and external sustainability.
Maldives
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: July 2019

This report reviews tax policy in the Maldives and identifies reform options to support efficiency, equity, and revenue. The absence of a broad-based personal income tax (PIT) generates revenue leakages and significantly diminishes the role of tax policy in income redistribution. A modern tax design requires a holistic view of the taxation of different sources of income and different legal forms of taxpayers to maintain tax neutrality, to the extent possible, while preserving some degrees of progressivity, simplicity, and administrability. Moreover, updating the tax system to cope with recent international developments is vital to safeguard revenues. While strengthening the goods and services tax (GST) can raise revenues in the short- to medium-term, a property tax is an important option for the long-term. The diagram below demonstrates reform priorities, as identified in this report, to modernize tax policy in the Maldives.
Kyrgyz Republic
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: July 2019

The economy is growing steadily, benefiting from a benign regional environment, particularly in Russia, the source of most remittances and non-gold export receipts. Low inflation, lower fiscal deficits, and a stable banking sector point to the success of stabilization policies implemented by the government and National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic (NBKR, the central bank) under eight successive Fund-supported programs. However, the economy remains vulnerable to external shocks because of the high level of remittances (29 percent of GDP), the concentration of exports on gold (37 percent of exports of goods), the level and composition of the public debt (56 percent of GDP, 4/5 of which is denominated in foreign currency), and the level of the current account deficit (8.7 percent of GDP). In addition, economic growth has been insufficient to significantly raise living standards and continue to reduce poverty.
The Revised EBA-Lite Methodology
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &,   Review Department,   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: July 2019

The Methodology review identified three broad areas for improving the EBA-Lite methodology: (1) expanding the fundamentals and policy determinants in the CA and REER regressions to better capture the external balance of EBA-Lite countries; (2) identifying alternatives to regression models for external assessments of large exporters of exhaustible commodities; and (3) a revised approach for the assessment of external sustainability in highly indebted economies. Accordingly, the revised methodology consists of three modules:
1) Regression Module
2) Module for External Assessments of Exporters of Exhaustible Commodities
3) Module for the Assessment of External Sustainability
Rwanda
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: July 2019

Rwanda has made considerable progress in sustaining high and inclusive growth and reducing poverty. Despite numerous shocks, macroeconomic management has been strong and debt risks have remained low. Going forward, the authorities’ National Strategy for Transformation (NST) aims to make progress toward the SDGs, but its financing will be challenging. A more neutral medium-term fiscal policy stance can help, reinforced with commitments for more domestic revenue mobilization and mitigation of fiscal risks. The central bank moved to a new interest-rate based monetary policy framework and, with inflation below its target range, eased the policy stance. To support their policies and NST implementation, the authorities are requesting approval of a 3-year program supported by the Policy Coordination Instrument (PCI).
The challenge of simulating the sensitivity of the Amazonian clouds
microstructure to cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations
Authors: Polonik Pascal , Knote Christoph , Zinner Tobias , Ewald Florian , Kölling Tobias , Mayer Bernhard , Andreae Meinrat O. , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Klimach Thomas , Mahnke Christoph , Molleker Sergej , Pöhlker Christopher , Pöhlker Mira L. , Pöschl Ulrich , Rosenfeld Daniel , Voigt Christiane , Weigel Ralf , Wendisch Manfred
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The realistic representation of cloud-aerosol interactions is of primary importance for accurate climate model projections. The investigation of these interactions in strongly contrasting clean and polluted atmospheric conditions in the Amazon area has been one of the motivations for several field observations, including the airborne Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and DynamIcs of CONvective cloud systems – Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modeling and to the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) (ACRIDICON-CHUVA) campaign based in Manaus, Brazil in September 2014. In this work we combine in situ and remotely sensed aerosol, cloud, and atmospheric radiation data collected during ACRIDICON-CHUVA with regional, online-coupled chemistry-transport simulations to evaluate the model’s ability to represent the indirect effects of biomass burning aerosol on cloud microphysical properties (droplet number concentration and effective radius). We found agreement between modeled and observed median cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) for low values of CDNC, i.e., low levels of pollution. In general, a linear relationship between modeled and observed CDNC with a slope of two was found, which means a systematic underestimation of modeled CDNC as compared to measurements. Variability in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations and cloud droplet effective radii (reff) was also underestimated by the model. Modeled effective radius profiles began to saturate around 500 CCN per cm3 at cloud base, indicating an upper limit for the model sensitivity well below CCN concentrations reached during the burning season in the Amazon Basin. Regional background aerosol concentrations were sufficiently high such that the additional CCN emitted from local fires did not cause a notable change in modelled cloud microphysical properties. In addition, we evaluate a parameterization of CDNC at cloud base using more readily available cloud microphysical properties, aimed at in situ observations and satellite retrievals. Our study casts doubt on the validity of regional scale modeling studies of the cloud albedo effect in convective situations for polluted situations where the number concentration of CCN is greater than 500 cm−3.
Bivariate Gaussian models for wind vectors in a distributional regression framework
Authors: Lang Moritz N. , Mayr Georg J. , Stauffer Reto , Zeileis Achim
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A new probabilistic post-processing method for wind vectors is presented in a distributional regression framework employing the bivariate Gaussian distribution. In contrast to previous studies, all parameters of the distribution are simultaneously modeled, namely the location and scale parameters for both wind components and also the correlation coefficient between them employing flexible regression splines. To capture a possible mismatch between the predicted and observed wind direction, ensemble forecasts of both wind components are included using flexible two-dimensional smooth functions. This encompasses a smooth rotation of the wind direction conditional on the season and the forecasted ensemble wind direction. The performance of the new method is tested for stations located in plains, in mountain foreland, and within an alpine valley, employing ECMWF ensemble forecasts as explanatory variables for all distribution parameters. The rotation-allowing model shows distinct improvements in terms of predictive skill for all sites compared to a baseline model that post-processes each wind component separately. Moreover, different correlation specifications are tested, and small improvements compared to the model setup with no estimated correlation could be found for stations located in alpine valleys.
Changes in statistical distributions of sub-daily surface
temperatures and wind speed
Authors: Dunn Robert J. H. , Willett Kate M. , Parker David E.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. With the ongoing warming of the globe, it is important to quantify changes in the recent behaviour of extreme events given their impacts on human health, infrastructure and the natural environment. We use the sub-daily, multi-variate, station-based HadISD dataset to study the changes in the statistical distributions of temperature, dewpoint temperature and wind speeds. Firstly, we use zonally averaged quantities to show that the lowest temperatures during both day and night are changing more rapidly than the highest, with the effect more pronounced in the northern high latitudes. Along with an increases in the zonally-averaged mean temperature, the standard deviation has decreased and the skew increased (increasing positive tail/decreasing negative tail) over the last 45 years, again with a stronger, more robust signal at higher latitudes. Changes in the distribution of dewpoint temperature are similar to those of temperature. However, changes in the distribution of wind speeds indicate a more rapid change at higher speeds than at lower. Secondly, to assess in more detail the spatial distribution of changes as well as across seasons and hours of the day we study each station individually. For stations which show clear indications of change in the statistical moments, the higher the statistical moment, generally the more spatially heterogenous the patterns of change. The standard deviation of temperatures are increasing in a band stretching from Europe through to China, but are decreasing across North America and in the high northern latitudes, indicating broadening and narrowing of the distributions respectively. Large seasonal differences are found in the change of standard deviations of temperatures over North America and eastern China. Temperatures in Eastern Asia also have increasing skew in the winter in contrast to the remainder of the year. The dewpoint temperatures show smaller variation in all of the moments, but similar patterns to the temperatures. For wind speeds, apart from the USA, standard deviations are decreasing across the world, indicating a decrease in variability. Finally, we use quantile regression to show changes in the percentiles of distributions over time. These show an increase of high quantiles of temperature in eastern Europe during the summer, and also in northern Europe for low quantiles in the winter, also indicating broadening and narrowing of the distributions respectively. In North America, the largest changes are at the lower quantiles in northern latitudes for autumn and winter. Quantiles of dewpoint temperature are changing most in the autumn and winter, especially in the northern parts of Europe.
Reconstructing three decades of total international trawling effort in the North Sea
Authors: Couce Elena , Schratzberger Michaela , Engelhard Georg H.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Fishing – especially trawling – is one of the most ubiquitous anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems worldwide, yet very few long-term, spatially explicit datasets on trawling effort exist; this greatly hampers our understanding of the medium- to long-term impact of trawling. This important gap is addressed here for the North Sea, a highly productive shelf sea which is also subject to many anthropogenic pressures. For a 31-year time span (1985–2015), we provide a dataset on the spatial distribution of total international otter and beam trawling effort, for all ICES rectangles (0.5° latitude by 1° longitude) of the North Sea. The dataset was largely reconstructed using compiled effort data from 7 fishing effort time-series, each covering shorter time spans and some of the countries fishing the North Sea only. For the years where effort data for particular countries were missing, the series was complemented using estimated (modelled) effort data. This new, long-term and large-scale trawling dataset may serve the wider scientific community, as well as those involved with policy and management, as a valuable information source on fishing pressure in a Large Marine Ecosystem which is heavily impacted, but which simultaneously provides a wealth of ecosystem services to society. The dataset is available on the Cefas Data Hub at: https://doi.org/10.14466/CefasDataHub.61 (Couce et al., 2019).