bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development for the Determination of Empagliflozin
Authors: Badgujar Vaishali M.
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative analysis of empagliflozin in pharmaceutical formulations.
Materials and Methods: The method was developed using an Agilent C18 column (5μm; 4.6 x 250 mm) and a mobile
phase consisting of a mixture of methanol/ 0.05% pH 3.3 acetic acid (75:25) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with UV detection
at 224 nm. The developed RP-HPLC method demonstrated linearity with a correlation coefficient (r) of >0.999. Forced
degradation studies revealed the method’s ability to separate and quantify empagliflozin from its degradation products.
The actual percentage degradation ranged from 2.85% to 7.43%. Precision was established where the mean interday and
intraday RSD were 0.36% and 0.17%, respectively. Result and Discussion: The method’s robustness was confirmed,
which had negligible effects on the assay results (<0.2% RSD). The method was applied to commercially available
tablets, yielding an average (SD) empagliflozin recovery of 100.44% (0.18). Conclusion: This RP-HPLC method is
suitable for routine analysis of empagliflozin in pharmaceutical formulations and can be employed for stability studies
and quality control purposes, ensuring the drug’s quality and efficacy throughout its shelf life.
Early evidence on auditor’s intentions and readiness to provide mandatory sustainability reporting assurance services in the European Union: A study of regulatory effect in Lithuania
Authors: Legenzova Renata , Raudonienė Daiva
Published: January 2025

Sustainability reporting has expanded in recent years making a major impact on financial markets (Hazaea et al., 2022). Yet, the credibility of sustainability reports remains an issue (Bernini & La Rosa, 2024) due to greenwashing and a lack of oversight. The European Union’s (EU’s) new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) introduces mandatory sustainability reporting assurance (SRA), establishing a new regulated SRA market whose characteristics are not yet clear. This study aims to identify the intentions and readiness of Lithuanian audit firms to provide SRA services under CSRD. It employed a survey method and collected data from 74 Lithuanian audit firms. The results show that only 29.73 percent of sample companies intend to enter the SRA market indicating a relatively low interest in providing such services, mainly due to a lack of resources, expertise, and underdeveloped regulations. Those interested are either large audit firms with an existing base of clients compliant with CSRD or small local companies seeking new business opportunities. Our findings show a generally low level of readiness, with only a few companies having made arrangements to start providing new services. It underscores the need for in-depth training, methodological guidance, and supervision to ensure the efficient functioning of the Lithuanian SRA market.
Effects of Healing Tourism Selection Attributes, Regional Curiosity, Tourism Satisfaction, and Revisit Intention: Focusing on Multicultural Families
Authors:   The Convergence Tourism Contents Society, Kim Myung Jin , Kim Ji Woong
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present empirical useful basic data for establishing future-oriented marketing strategies by examining the selection attributes of healing tourist destinations for stress in multicultural families, regional curiosity, tourism satisfaction, and revisit intention.
Methods: To test the hypothesis of this study, the results are analyzed with a structural equation model for the main variables.
Results: First, it was found that the healing tourist destination selection attributes (program, physical attribute, service quality) had a positive (+) significant effect on both revisit intention and tourism satisfaction. Second, it was found that regional curiosity had a positive (+) significant effect on revisit intention and tourism satisfaction. Third, it was found that tourism satisfaction mediates revisit intention.
Conclusion: Through this study, a study was conducted from a new perspective of the tourism market for multicultural families that are continuously increasing. In the attributes of selecting tourist destinations that multicultural families think, the importance of service quality as well as external areas of various tourism such as tourism contents and programs was highlighted. In particular, in the case of multicultural families, it is possible to increase tourism satisfaction such as providing tourist information and securing convenient means of transportation for employees of tourist destinations with obstacles to language.
The Study on the Effect of Popular Music Festival Experience Types on Image and Revisit Intention: Focused on the Waterbomb World Tour Festival
Authors:   The Convergence Tourism Contents Society, Jiang Yanhua , Kim Hyun-tai
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study empirically investigates the relationships between participants' diverse experiences, perceived festival image, and revisit intention, focusing on an innovative festival model such as the Waterbomb World Tour Festival. The research centers on the impact of experience types at the Waterbomb World Tour Festival, a popular music festival, on both festival image and revisit intention.
Methods: An empirical research method was employed, and data were collected via an online survey conducted through the Wenjuanxing platform during January 2024, targeting visitors to the Waterbomb World Tour Festival.
Results: The collected data encompassed participants' experiences, perceptions, and behavioral intentions, leading to the following key findings: First, various types of festival experiences—sensory, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and relational—were found to have a significant positive impact on festival image and revisit intention. Second, the image formed through the festival experience significantly influences revisit intention and mediates the relationship between experience types and revisit intention.
Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of considering participants' diverse experiences in the development of programs, employing strategic approaches to foster a positive festival image, and utilizing experiential marketing to encourage revisit intentions for the successful management of innovative festival models.
Innovations in the treatment and prevention of influenza in children and adolescents
Authors: Lobzin Yu. V. , Gorelov A. V. , Zhdanov K. V. , Lioznov D. A. , Babachenko I. V. , Dmitriev A. S. , Dondurey E. A. , Krasnov V. V. , Mazankova L. N. , Prodeus A. P. , Rtishсhev A. Yu. , Rychkova S. V. , Sidorenkova E. V. , Khaertynov Kh. S. , Esaulenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

In September 2024, an Expert Council via videoconference was held to discuss innovative approaches to the tactics of diagnosis and therapy of influenza in children and adolescents in Russian Federation.

Influenza is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, leading to 28,000 deaths annually worldwide among children.

Influenza causes significant economic damage, ranking 4th among all infectious diseases in 2023 in Russian Federation. During the 2022­2023 period, there was an increase in influenza incidence with a traditionally high rate of infection among children. Newborns, children under 5 years old, and children with comorbidities are at high risk for complications. An analysis of influenza mortality shows that comorbidity is an aggravating factor in almost half of the cases.

Timely diagnosis and etiotropic therapy are key in the treatment of influenza. The focus should be on etiological confirmation of the diagnosis within the first 24 hours from disease manifestation to prescribe specific antiviral therapy. Although laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis is recommended, during periods of high incidence, the diagnosis can be made based on clinical and epidemiological data. For final verification of the “influenza” diagnosis, the widespread use of certified rapid tests is proposed.

According to the updated WHO guidelines published in September 2024, two medicines are recommended for the treatment of influenza — baloxavir and oseltamivir. Baloxavir marboxil significantly reduces the virus shedding time and has a favorable safety profile for children and adolescents. This makes it the medicine of choice, especially in cases of high risk of complicated influenza infection.

Given the high importance of influenza in the structure of childhood morbidity, it is crucial to continue improving methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, especially in children.
Estimation of inverse Ishita distribution with application on real data
Authors: Abu-Zinadah Hanaa , Aljadani Dalal
Published: January 2025

In this article, a new lifetime distribution named ?inverse Ishita? with one
parameter for modelling lifetime data is presented as a good alternative to
known one-parameter distributions. Moreover, two types of estimation: point
estimation and interval estimation are used to estimate the unknown
parameter. Furthermore, numerical simulation is conducted to evaluate the
performance of estimates at different parameter values and different sample
sizes. Ultimately, to illustrate the flexibility and efficiency of the
distribution, it was applied to a set of data and compared to the Weibull
and Shanker distributions. It was found that the inverse Ishita distribution
was a better fit for the data than the other distributions.
Quantum Otto machines powered by a single qubit in a spin star environment
Authors: Alsulami Majdi , Khalil Eied
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the performance analysis of quantum Otto machines (QOM)
driven by a single qubit system embedded within a spin star environment. We
investigate various thermodynamic correlations during the operation of
these machines, including work performed, heat absorbed, and heat emissions.
For the sake of simplicity, our exploration centers around two scenarios:
one where the central qubit interacts with a single spin and another where
it interacts with four qubits. Our findings reveal that QOM employing this
system exhibit unique thermodynamic properties. Notably, we observe that the
QOM can achieve enhanced levels of work performed as the number of spins in
the environment increases. Furthermore, both the work performed and the
efficiency of the QOM are influenced by the variation in detuning and
coupling strength parameters across the four stages of its operation.
Additionally, we demonstrate that careful selection of these parameters
enables the optimization of QOM performance. In certain instances, the
performance of the Otto cycle can be stabilized to emulate the behaviour of
a heat engine by manipulating the coupling values while simultaneously
controlling the frequency of the central qubit.
Advanced machine learning techniques for predicting NOx levels
Authors: Alharbi Randa , Algarni Abeer
Published: January 2025

This study explores the application of machine learning techniques to
forecast atmospheric pollutant concentrations, focusing on NOx, NO2, and NO
over the period from January 1, 2017, to December 1, 2017. Accurate
prediction of air pollutant levels is crucial for effective environmental
monitoring and public health protection. The research employs the Gaussian
mixture model and decision tree model to analyze and predict pollutant data.
The methodology encompasses rigorous data preprocessing steps, including
cleaning and normalization, followed by model training and validation using
cross-validation techniques to enhance robustness. Model performance is
assessed through multiple metrics, including entropy, log-likelihood,
normalized entropy criterion, integrated completed likelihood, akaike
information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion. Results
demonstrate that the Gaussian mixture model outperforms other approaches in
predicting air pollutant levels, offering improved accuracy and reliability
for environmental forecasting.
Strong Association of Autoantibodies Targeting Deamidated Extracellular Epitopes of Insulinoma Antigen-2 (IA-2) with Clinical Onset of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jia Xiaofan , M. Wenzlau Janet , Zhang Caiguo , Dong Fran , Waugh Kathleen , David Leslie R. , J Rewers Marian , W Michels Aaron , Yu Liping , Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) Diabetes , Screening for Kids (ASK) Study Group Autoimmunity , LADA Consortium Action
Published: January 2025

Increasing evidence shows that pathogenic T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) that may have evaded negative selection recognize post-translational modified (PTM) epitopes of self-antigens. We have investigated the profiles of autoantibodies specifically targeting the deamidated epitopes of insulinoma antigen-2 extracellular domain (IA-2ec) to explore their relationship with T1D development. We compared the characteristics of autoantibodies targeting the IA-2ec Q>E epitopes (PTM IA-2ecA) as well as those targeting the IA-2ec unmodified epitopes (IA-2ecA) in participants across different stages of T1D development and in individuals with other types of diabetes and other kinds of autoimmunity. In patients with new-onset T1D, the prevalence of PTM IA-2ecA (26.1%) was significantly higher than that of IA-2ecA (19.5%, P<0.0001). In a longitudinal newborn cohort, both IA-2ecAs were present, but rare in preclinical stage 1 T1D, and with much lower positivity in individuals with stage 3 T1D who had been closely followed from birth in a clinical study compared to patients diagnosed in routine clinical settings with overt symptoms. In participants with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, type 2 diabetes, and celiac disease autoimmunity, we did not observe significant positivity of either IA-2ecAs. These results indicate that PTM and unmodified IA-2ecA are predominantly present in clinical new-onset T1D patients, at late stages of T1D development.
Living in the Wild Leaves its Behavioral Mark for Morris Maze: Comparison Apodemus sylvaticus vs Domestic Mus musculus
Authors: Alicia Garcia-Falgueras
Published: January 2025

The two rodent strains compared in this study are familiarly related, but they are notoriously different. They are both good
swimmers in the Morris maze but statistically significant differences in their performances, styles of behaviors or goals in
the swimming strategies were found in between these two strains. With this naturalistic and behavioral observation, from
an empirical point of view, we discuss some relevant facts for Neuroscience and biopsychological research such as the effects
of domestication, consanguinity or inbreeding, the presence of neurogenesis in the wild and in adult human dentate gyrus,
the age cohort differences in performances and styles of swimming (from thigmotaxis to direct) or the individualism after
environmental stimulation.
Direito, Economia e Sociedade
Authors: Marinho Corrêa Daniel
Published: January 2025

A fim de analisar a integração entre Direito, Economia, Sociedade e a divergência que surge entre eles devido a diferentes ritmos de evolução, e tendo como marco teórico a observação de Ferdinand Lassalle sobre a disparidade entre a realidade social e o Direito, o artigo científico investiga se o site "Reclame Aqui" representa um exemplo prático do pluralismo jurídico na sociedade brasileira contemporânea. Utilizando o método dedutivo, o estudo examina a viabilidade dessa hipótese à luz do modelo de Estado e comando político-jurídico estabelecido na Constituição de 1988. O artigo busca compreender se esse canal específico de resolução de conflitos no contexto do consumo pode ser considerado uma forma de pluralismo jurídico, ampliando a compreensão do Direito além das normas jurídicas oficialmente positivadas. Ao analisar essa via como um meio de gestão de conflitos consumeristas, o artigo propõe que sua análise oferece um caminho para entender o pluralismo jurídico e o Direito em uma perspectiva ampliada, indo além dos preceitos legais formalmente estabelecidos.
POLÍTICA E ESTRATÉGIA DE INTEGRAÇÃO TERRITORIAL DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA DO AMAZONAS (2005 - 2012)
Authors: Januário Jatniel Rodrigues , Santos Ailton Luiz dos , Cavalcante Flávio Carvalho
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as estratégias adotadas pelo governo do Amazonas para a integração territorial da segurança em Manaus, capital do estado, no período de 2005 a 2012. Para esse fim, procederam-se duas estratégias de pesquisa: bibliográfica e documental, na literatura especializada e em dados e informações de fontes oficiais do governo estadual do Amazonas e municipal de Manaus. A análise empreendida na pesquisa utilizou as concepções de território normado, como mecanismo disciplinar da sociedade e do território (Santos, 1978; 1996), e de território reconfigurado e de controle sobre os processos sociais na sociedade de insegurança (Haesbaert, 2018). Pode-se concluir que os Planos de Revitalização da Segurança, em 2007, e de Articulação Operacional das polícias, em 2012, do Governo do Amazonas, consistiram em dois períodos do desenvolvimento de um sistema de técnicas-objetos da ação do poder político sobre o controle de processos sociais, de violência e criminalidade, por meio do controle do território, no contexto de uma sociedade de insegurança e por meio das reconfigurações territoriais com enfoque na atuação policial mais eficiente e dissuasória do crime. Sugere-se outros estudos que proporcionem achados e resultados para outras discussões fundamentadas em evidências acerca do espaço social, para além do espaço geográfico, e mais profundo e preciso quanto à ação social no território.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE VEGETAÇÃO URBANA E TEMPERATURA DE SUPERFÍCIE ATRAVÉS DE UMA CORRELAÇÃO NDVI – LST
Authors: Oliveira Jhonnattan Silva , Ribeiro Alisson André , Gamarra Roberto Macedo , Paranhos Filho Antonio Conceição
Published: January 2025

Neste estudo, avaliamos a influência da vegetação urbana nas temperaturas de superfície ao longo de um período de quase quatro décadas (1985-2022), empregando análises de imagens de satélite via Google Earth Engine. Os resultados mostram uma correlação inversa entre o NDVI e a LST com um coeficiente de correlação de Pearson de -0,235 (valor-p = 0,04), demostrando que o aumento da cobertura vegetal pode mitigar o fenômeno das ilhas de calor urbanas. Os dados indicam um crescimento progressivo na temperatura de superfície concomitante à urbanização e uma relação estatisticamente significativa, porém modesta (R² = 0,055), entre NDVI e LST. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade crítica de incorporar vegetação no planejamento urbano, visando melhorar o conforto térmico e a sustentabilidade das cidades.
Rabies in the Middle East: Causes of Spread, Methods of Control and Prophylaxis: A Review of the English Language Sources
Authors: Khatib Ya.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. According to statistics, rabies causes death of almost 59,000 people per year worldwide, but information about the cases of rabies in animals and people in the Middle East is scarce and not always reliable, whereas the region is deemed to be one of the most troublesome in terms of rabies, that makes the present research relevant. The aim of the review is to summarize the data from the literature sources published in the English language referring to the causes of rabies spread in the Middle East, methods of control of this highly dangerous infectious disease and the issues of prophylaxis measures efficiency.

Materials and Methods. The search for the material for reviewing was conducted in the electronic libraries PubMed, Web of Science, MDPI.com, etc. The search covered the sources published during the last 15 years in the English language only. The search was conducted by the keywords: rabies, Middle East, spread, prophylaxis, vaccination. The material that passed screening was analysed, systematised, and presented in a form of a figure, table, and PRISMA flow chart.

Results. The review has led to the conclusion that the situation with rabies spread in the Middle East is not uniform. Thus, Cyprus, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are recognised as rabies free, which is mainly due to the (semi)isolated geographical location of some of these countries. In the majority of the Middle East countries, the situation is far from being favourable: people undergo a high risk of getting infected by both dogs and wild animals. The main methods of control of this zoonosis that could be emphasized are those targeted at raising awareness of the population about the deadly danger of this infectious disease, the modes of its transmission, symptoms and the importance of timely preventive vaccination of people and domestic animals.

Discussion and Conclusions. On the whole, the aim of the conducted review on summarising the existing information on the causes of rabies spread in the Middle East and the main methods of control of this disease including the prophylaxis methods has been achieved. However, even though the review sample was quite big, in our opinion, the selected sources do not always truly reflect the situation concerning rabies in the studied territory. This can be explained by the objective and subjective reasons. The former include, for example, the instability of the epizootic and geopolitical situation, which hinders collection and analysis of statistical veterinary and medical reports. Among the subjective reasons, the considerable rabies incidence in the wild animals could be named, which ends in their death and is hardly ever recorded anywhere. The key aspect of prophylaxis is vaccination of animals and people against rabies. Despite all difficulties, it is necessary to ensure the availability of Human Rabies Immune Globulin and vaccines for animals in sufficient quantities in the Middle East countries.
Helminth Fauna of Bats of the Rostov Region: Review. 4. Acanthocephala. General Conclusions
Authors: Evsyukov A. P. , Potapenko I. O.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) are a small group of helminths, currently classified as a phylum. Adult helminths live in the intestines of various vertebrates. Eggs are excreted into the environment with feces, and in this way infest the arthropods, who are the intermediate hosts. The life cycles of some acanthocephala species can get complicated due to inclusion of the facultative, transport, paratenic or postcyclic hosts. Сhiropterans can be the definitive, intermediate or paratenic hosts for the various groups of parasitic worms, therefore they are an important link in the epizootic chains of spreading the invasive diseases. The aim of the articles of this series is to study the species composition of helminths parasitizing in bats of the Rostov Region. In the fourth paper of this series, we present data on thorny-headed worms and sum-up the previously published information.

Materials and Methods. The research materials were the articles from the open access databases: PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), CyberLeninka (cyberleninka.ru), Google Scholar (scholar.google.com), BHL (www.biodiversitylibrary.org), JSTOR (www.jstor.org), etc. Some data were provided by the colleagues.

 Results. The list comprising three species of thorny-headed worms that can parasitize in bats in Rostov region was compiled. While analysing the literature sources, one more Nematoda species, not mentioned by us previously, was added to the list of nematodes.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the review revealed that 15 bat species living in the Rostov region can be parasitized by 3 or 4 Acanthocephala species of 3 genera, 2 families and 2 orders. In total, 104 helminth species of three phyla can parasitize in chiropterans in the Rostov region: Nematoda, Platyhelminthes and Acanthocephala. Whereas, the largest number of parasites falls on the class Trematoda – 42 species. The largest number of helminth species was recorded in the serotine bat (54 species) and the common noctule (50 species). The least amount (4 species) – in the soprano pipistrelle. Our data show that the helminth fauna of bats in the Rostov region, Russia and in the world as a whole is still poorly studied. At the same time, some of the parasitic worm species distinguished in our research have the veterinary and medical significance, moreover, bats participate in the epizootic chains as the facultative hosts.
Kuolleisuuden sosioekonomiset erot Englannissa ja Walesissa
Authors: Goldblatt Peter
Published: January 2025

Englannin ja Walesin sosiaali- ja ammattiryhmien kuolleisuuseroista on ollut käytettävissä tietoja jo vuosikausia. Tiedot on yleensä saatu suhteuttamalla kunkin väestölaskennan ikävuosina tapahtuneet kuolemantapaukset väestölaskennan vastaavaan väestömäärään. Nämä aineistot ovat kuitenkin käytettävissä vain kymmenen vuoden välein, ja niihin voivat vaikuttaa tietoisuuteen liittyvät eroavuudet sekä ajalliset tapahtuvat muutokset sosiaali- ja ammattiryhmien jakaumissa.
Kirjoituksessa tarkastellaan viimeaikaisia tutkimuksia kuolleisuuden kehityksestä niissä sosioekonomisissa poikkileikkausaineistoissa. Jotta voidaan tarkastella tulosten valideja puutteita, esitetään myös OPCS:n (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys) pitkittäisaineistosta (Longitudinal Study, LS) tehtyjä analyysejä. Tämän lisäksi esitetään lyhyt yhteenveto pitkittäisaineistolla saaduista vaihtoehtoisia sosioekonomisia mittareita koskevista viimeaikaisista tuloksista.
Poikkileikkaustutkimukset viittaavat siihen, että sosiaaliluokkien väliset erot ovat kasvaneet vuodesta 1931, mutta ns. artefaktiselitykset kehitykselle eivät ole poissuljettuja. Pitkittäisaineistosta tehdyt tutkimukset vahvistavat, että erot ovat kasvaneet jatkuvasti ja asettavat artefaktiselitykset kyseenalaisiksi. Vaihtoehtoisten sosioekonomisten luokitusten tarkastelu osoittaa, ettei erittäin korkea kuolleisuus liity vain huono-osaisiin pieniin tai pieneneviin ryhmiin.
Vad är hälsa?
Authors: Pörn Ingmar
Published: January 2025

I artikeln diskuterar jag frågan "Vad är hälsa?" i ett filosofiskt perspektiv. Jag urskiljer tre tendenser till begreppsbildning i den hälsofilosofiska litteraturen: en handlingsteoretisk, en biostatistisk och en obegreppslig idealrelativistisk konception. Jag ser dessa konceptioner som variationer på ett gemensamt tema, den gamla föreställningen om hälsa som balans mellan människans förmåga och hennes plan eller bestämning. Jag föreslår även att visa hur konceptionen av hälsans natur kan vara beroende av den uppfattning man har om människans väsen.
Reproduktionsteknologin ur ett rättsligt kvinnoperspektiv
Authors: Dahlberg Anita
Published: January 2025

I artikeln beskrivs den nya reproduktionsteknologins följder till moderskap och faderskap på genetisk, biologisk/fysiologisk, juridisk och social/psykologisk nivå.
Hoitomyöntyvyys ja tupakointi raskauden aikana
Authors: Malin Maili , Hemminki Elina
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, kuinka hoitomyöntyvyys ja tupakointi liittyvät toisiinsa raskauden aikana. Lisäksi tutkittiin hoitomyöntyvyyden ja tupakoinnin vaikutusta syntyneen lapsen terveyteen.
Tutkimusaineisto saatiin Tampereen seudulla vuosina 1985–86 tehdystä satunnaistetusta hoitotutkimuksesta, jossa selvitettiin valikoimattoman rautaprofylaksian etuja ja haittoja raskauden aikana.
Tutkituista tupakoi raskautensa aikana päivittäin tai satunnaisesti 16 %. Tupakoivissa oli eniten työntekijöitä ja alle 20-vuotiaita. Hoitomyöntyvyyden mittareina käytettiin rautalääkitysohjeiden noudattamista ja ensimmäistä neuvolaan tuloajankohtaa, joiden mukaan huonoja hoitomyöntyvyydeltään olivat rautaa ohjeiden vastaisesti syöneet ja myöhään ensimmäistä kertaa neuvolaan tulleet. Hoitomyöntyvyyden mittarit käsittelivät hoitomyöntyvyyden eri ulottuvuuksia. Tärkein tutkimustulos oli, että tupakoivat naiset osoittautuivat eri henkilöiksi kuin hoitomyöntymättömät.
Tupakoivien naisten lapset syntyivät keskimäärin pienempipainoisina ja lyhyempinä kuin tupakoimattomien naisten lapset. Lisäksi tupakointia ja rautalääkityksen noudattamista kartoittaviin kysymyksiin vastaamattomien naisten raskauden kesto oli lyhyin ja lapsen terveys huonoin.
Lääkintäetiikan teoreettisista lähtökohdista
Authors: Räikkä Juha
Published: January 2025

Kirjoitus on yhtäältä yleiskatsaus lääketieteellisen etiikan teoreettisia lähtökohtia pohtivaan kirjallisuuteen ja toisaalta luonnehdinta siitä, mitä lääketieteellinen etiikka on ja mitä se voi olla. Lääketieteellisen etiikan lähtökohtien arvostelu pyritään osoittamaan pääosin perusteettomaksi. Huomiota kiinnitetään erityisesti lääketieteellisen etiikan yhteisölliseen luonteeseen: lääketieteellisen etiikan normien muodostamiseen osallistuu aina rajattu sosiaalinen yhteisö, sen tulokset sitovat vain rajallista joukkoa, ja hyväksytyt normit voivat olla ristiriidassa universaalien moraalinormien kanssa.
Sairauspoissaolot ja työllisyys metallialalla
Authors: Virtanen Pekka , Paldánius Maija
Published: January 2025

Kirjoituksessa analysoidaan nokialaisen metallialan tehtaan sairauspoissaoloja, jotka lisääntyivät vuodesta 1984 vuoteen 1988 noin kolmasosalla. Lisääntyminen pyritään ymmärämään parantuneen työllisyyden ja yrityksen omaksuman henkilöstöpolitiikan pohjalta.
Kontrolloidut kokeet psykoterapian tuloksellisuustutkimuksessa
Authors: Leiman P. Mikael
Published: January 2025

Tässä kirjoituksessa pyrin kuvaamaan psykoterapian tuloksellisuustutkimuksen tutkimusmetodologista nykytilannetta. Tarkastelu perustuu pääasiassa alan laajoihin katsauksiin (Bergin 1971, Bergin ja Lambert 1978, Lambert, Shapiro ja Bergin 1986) sekä kahden kansainvälisesti tunnetun psykoterapiaprojektin - Vanderbilt-projektin ja Sheffieldin psykoterapiaprojektin - kokemuksiin. Koska suomeksi on viime aikoina ilmestynyt kaksi tutkimusalueen kehitystä koskevaa kirjallisuuskatsausta (Pahkinen 1986, Hannula ym. 1989), rajoitan tarkasteluani metodisiin ongelmiin, jotka ovat olleet ajankohtaisia psykoterapian tuloksellisuuden tutkimuksessa parinkymmenen vuoden ajan ja jotka ovat 1980-luvulla johtaneet tutkimusten kehittymiseen laajoista ryhmävertailuista kohti yksittäisten terapeutti-potilassuhteiden intensiivistä analyysia. Metodologista kritiikkiä esitettiin jo 1960-luvulla, mutta sillä ei ollut vaikutusta käynnissä olevaan tutkimustyöhön. Vasta kun erityisesti huolellisesti suunnitellut ja laajat ryhmävertailut eivät olleet kyenneet antamaan tyydyttävää vastausta eri terapia-muotojen suhteellisesta tehokkuudesta, tutkijat alkoivat kiinnittää huomiota koe- ja kontrolliryhmien sisäiseen variaatioon ja tuon variaation mahdollisiin syihin. Tätä selvitettiin tarkastelemalla tutkimuksissa dokumentoituja yksittäisiä terapeutti-potilassuhteita. Näin kaksikymmentä vuotta aiemmin esitetty metodologinen kritiikki sai empiiristä tukea. Se on johtanut tutkimuskäytännön murrokseen.
Maatalousväestön kuolleisuus, työkyvyttömyys ja pitkäaikaissairastavuus Suomessa
Authors: Notkola Veijo
Published: January 2025

Tässä artikkelissa on selvitetty sekä aikaisemmin tehtyjen tutkimusten että uusien tutkimusaineistojen avulla maanviljelijöiden kuolleisuutta, työkyvyttömyyttä ja pitkäaikaissairastavuutta 1970-luvun lopussa ja 1980-luvulla Suomessa. Tulosten mukaan maanviljelijöiden kuolleisuus on yleensä muuta väestöä alhaisempaa tai samalla tasolla lukuun ottamatta miesten hengityselintautikuolleisuutta. Pienillä tiloilla viljelevien maanviljelijöiden kuolleisuus ja työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle siirtyminen on korkeampaa kuin kuolleisuus ja työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle siirtyminen koko väestössä. Maanviljelijöiden koettu pitkäaikaissairastavuus on muuta väestöä korkeampaa, mutta erot ovat jossain määrin tasoittuneet 1980-luvulla.
Suomen preventiivisen lääketieteen historia
Authors: Kaprio Leo
Published: January 2025

Suomen väkiluku ylitti miljoonan vuonna 1811. Väestön terveydentilasta oli saatu hyvät tiedot Ruotsin vallan ajalta periytyvien tilastolaitosten ja piiritarkastajajärjestelmän kautta. Autonomisessa Suomen Suuriruhtinaskunnassa terveydenhuollon johtoon tuli Ruotsin mallin mukaisesti yliopiston professoreista koottu Lääkintäkollegio, joka vuonna 1827 uudistettiin "Lääkintätoimen Ylihallitukseksi", nykyisen Lääkintöhallituksen edeltäjäksi. Korkea kuolleisuus, toistuvat tarttuvien tautien epidemiat, sukupuolitaudit, isorokko ja uutena ilmiönä koko Eurooppaa koetellut kolerapandemia asettivat terveydenhuollon viranomaisille suuria vaatimuksia.
Tässä artikkelissa kuvataan toimenpiteitä, joita oli ryhdyttävä preventiivisen lääketieteen soveltamiseksi seuraavien yli puolentoista vuosisadan aikana. Alkuvaiheen autokratiaa seurasi itsehallinnon aktivoituminen, sortokausi, itsenäisyys ja vihdoin jälleenrakennus viimeisen sodan jälkeen. Vaikeat vuodet, sisällissota ja pulakaudet heikensivät väestön terveyttä. Toisaalta uskonnolliset herätysliikkeet, kunnallinen itsehallinto, kansakoululaitos, suomen kielen aseman parantaminen, työväenliike, eduskuntauudistus, naisten aseman vahvistuminen, raittiusliike ja urheilu ovat vaikuttaneet väestön terveyteen rakentavasti.
Lääkärit ja ympäristön kemiallistuminen Suomessa 1800-luvulta 1970-luvulle
Authors: Mussalo-Rauhamaa Helena , Vuorinen Heikki S.
Published: January 2025

Kemian teollisuuden nousu alkoi 1950-luvulla. Se on ollut maamme nopeimmin laajeneva teollisuuden haara. Samanaikaisesti kemiallisten aineiden käyttö on lisääntynyt voimakkaasti kaikilla elinkeinoelämän alueilla. Aina 1960-luvulle saakka kemiallistumisesta aiheutuvia haittoja pidettiin lähinnä terveysongelmina ja myrkytyksiin liittyvinä ongelmina.
Ympäristöterveydenhuollon lainsäädännön juuret ovat 1800-luvun lopulla. Erityisesti vuoden 1879 terveydenhoitoasetus on tärkeä perussäädös tämän alueen historiassa. Kemiallisten ympäristöhaittojen torjunta on ollut leimallista toisen maailmansodan ja erityisesti viime vuosikymmenien lainsäädäntötyölle. Lääkärit, erityisesti arkkiatri Otto E.A. Hjelt, olivat keskeisessä asemassa viime vuosisadan lopulla, kun ympäristöterveydenhuoltolainsäädäntömme perusteita luotiin. Tämän jälkeen lääkärikunnan panos on 1980-luvulle asti ollut varsin vahva ympäristömme kemiallistumisen virittämässä keskustelussa.
Psychometric properties of the sexual machismo scale (EMS-SEXISMO-12) in adults
Authors: Gonzales Ortiz Esther
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Machismo is explained as the system of beliefs, attitudes and behaviors based on the polarization of the sexes and the superiority of the male gender. In the sexual sphere, it is the control that is exercised over a woman in relation to the expression of her sexuality under what is considered acceptable. Therefore, it is considered convenient to have instruments to measure this variable. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric characteristics of the sexual machismo scale (Ems-sexismo-12) in adults. Method: The methodology used was of an applied nature, with a non-experimental approach and instrumental design, applying the instrument to a sample made up of 530 adults (M=308 and F=222) aged between 18 and 65 years, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas of the districts of Piura. The content validity, confirmatory factor analysis (WLSMV estimator), internal consistency and reliability of the scale were evaluated. Results: The results showed content validity in the items (Aiken's V > .70).  For its part, after the confirmatory factor analysis, a unidimensional structure was revealed with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = .96; TLI = .95; RMSEA = .08; SRMR = .06). Likewise, reliability is evidenced with acceptable values (ω = .83). Conclusion: The EMS-12 scale proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for adults.
Hubungan Antara Adversity Quotient Dengan Psychological Well-Being Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir
Authors: Yuliandri Gelvin Tri , Pismawenzi Pismawenzi , Khair Nurul Fadhilah
Published: January 2025

Proses penyelesaian skripsi membuat mahasiswa menghadapi berbagai hambatan atau kesulitan, yang menyebabkan mereka memiliki rasa takut bertemu dengan dosen pembimbing yang berdampak terhadap penurunan psychological well-being. Berbeda dengan mahasiswa yang memilik adversity quotient yang baik. Mahasiswa yang memiliki adversity quotient tinggi akan memiliki kemampuan untuk bertahan dan terus berjuang dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan skala adversity quotient dan skala psychological well-being. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 292 mahasiswa akhir fakultas Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling sejumlah 166 mahasiswa. Berdasarkan hasil kategorisasi didapatkan hasil bahwa kategori adversity quotient dan psychological well-being pada mahasiswa akhir Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Imam Bonjol Padang sedang. Dengan nilai pearson correlation variabel adversity quotient dan psychological well-being sebesar 0.691 dengan signifikan 0.001. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang positif antara adversity quotient dengan psychological well-being, artinya semakin tinggi adversity quotient mahasiswa, maka semakin tinggi juga psychological well-being-nya. Begitu juga sebaliknya semakin rendah adversity quotient mahasiswa, maka semakin rendah juga psychological well-being-nya
Metodologías de Co-Creación para Diseñar Comunidades Energéticas Solares de Abajo Hacia Arriba: caso de Estudio Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Quiroz Juanita , España Forero Juan Manuel , Ortega  Arango Santiago , Lawrence Pedroza Diana Estefanía
Published: January 2025

Las comunidades energéticas son esquemas colectivos de generación de energía limpia en los que los ciudadanos se organizan para generar, almacenar y gestionar recursos energéticos distribuidos, principalmente energía solar. Aunque existen pocas comunidades energéticas en el contexto latinoamericano, en comparación con el número de casos reportados en Europa, existe un interés particular en explorar modelos de gobernanza para el autoconsumo comunitario a partir de fuentes de energía solar conectadas a la red que consideren las condiciones culturales locales. Este trabajo describe una metodología de co-creación, basada en diversas técnicas existentes, para ser utilizada como herramienta para el diseño de modelos comunitarios de energía de abajo hacia arriba. Esta propuesta integra dos técnicas de resolución de problemas: el pensamiento de diseño y el modelo 4D. La metodología fue probada en talleres de creación colaborativa, tanto con actores como con residentes de la Comuna 13 en Medellín, Colombia, para identificar los elementos para crear una comunidad de energía solar en el contexto colombiano, asegurando la sostenibilidad económica y social. Como resultado, los participantes definieron un esquema de funcionamiento para la comunidad solar que incluía: un modelo de gobernanza y toma de decisiones, compromisos de participación, estrategias de identidad, comunicación, educación y un fondo comunitario para compartir los beneficios del excedente energético. Resultó evidente que la confianza y el compromiso entre los facilitadores y las comunidades, junto con las estrategias de educación energética en la gestión participativa de los proyectos comunitarios, son esenciales para construir con éxito comunidades solares colaborativas.
Analisis Con HEC-RAS 2d de Eventos Torrenciales, Caso Quebrada la Liboriana del Municipio de Salgar
Authors: Chaverra Andrés Felipe , Aristizábal Víctor Hugo , Rios Arboleda Juan Daniel
Published: January 2025

El objetivo central del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis hidráulico 2D con flujos Newtonianos y 2D con flujos no Newtonianos de una avenida torrencial en la quebrada la Liboriana del Municipio de Salgar, donde en el año 2015 ocurrió un evento de grandes proporciones afectando la vida y la propiedad, para este ejercicio de simulación hidráulica bidimensional empleamos el software HEC-RAS 6.2. Los resultados del modelo 2D Newtoniano con caudal mayorado en 40 % y los resultados del modelo 2D no Newtoniano son comparados contra la mancha de inundación del evento real del año 2015.
Encontramos que, el escenario modelado usando flujo No Newtoniano es una alternativa que posibilita tener una mejor aproximación respecto al comportamiento de una avenida torrencial, ya que, fue el escenario que mejor se aproximó al área afectada y anchos de inundación real. Permitiendo concluir que esta aproximación se debe a que el modelo tiene en cuenta las características reológicas del flujo (concentración y viscosidad); en cambio, los modelos que son mayorados en caudal son escenarios bastante conservadores que por lo general arrojan mayores áreas de inundación, mayores velocidades y profundidades de flujo, dado que no tienen en cuenta las características o propiedades del sedimento.
Técnicas de Optimización Logística en una Mina de Materiales de Arrastre En Riohacha, Colombia.
Authors: Lara Brochado Julieth Veronhoska , Choles Polo Leanis Elisabeth , López Juvinao Danny Daniel
Published: January 2025

Este estudio resalta la importancia de la logística como una herramienta de optimización para mejorar y avanzar hacia el futuro. Se plantea como un impulso para el desarrollo del departamento de La Guajira, especialmente en el contexto de las empresas mineras que extraen minerales de arrastre, buscando establecer un sistema de gestión de calidad de manera que impacte en el rendimiento de la empresa, la productividad y resolver posibles problemas logísticos, por lo tanto, se espera crear un entorno de trabajo en mejora continua y una correcta gestión en las diferentes áreas de la empresa, mediante la optimización de sus procesos logísticos. El objetivo de la investigación es establecer las técnicas de optimización logística que permitan aplicarse a los procesos de una mina de materiales de arrastre ubicada en Riohacha, La Guajira. El estudio se centra en un enfoque de tipo descriptivo, con diseño no experimental y de campo. Un total de 30 empleados de las distintas sedes de la mina fueron encuestados; para la recolección de información se utilizó un instrumento que combinó fuentes de datos primarios y secundarios. Se emplearon criterios de expertos en logística para garantizar la validez y confiabilidad del estudio. Se obtuvo como resultado múltiples limitaciones en los indicadores de eficiencia de las operaciones logísticas en la minería de materiales de arrastre. Esto resalta la necesidad de establecer técnicas logísticas donde se destaca el sistema de gestión logístico CPLA, gestión de calidad y gestión de seguridad y salud de manera que se pueda trabajar eficiente y eficazmente, generando así la optimización de los procesos productivos. Se concluye que estas técnicas de optimización actúan como herramientas poderosas de apoyo para orientar la toma de decisiones y alcanzar resultados satisfactorios en la gestión logística de la mina.
Desafíos de los Sistemas de Tratamiento de Agua para Reducir Escenarios de Exposición e Ingesta Involuntaria de Fármacos a Través del Agua Potable
Authors: Londoño Cañas Yudy Andrea , Pino Rodriguez Nancy Johana , Peñuela Mesa Gustavo  Antonio
Published: January 2025

Esta revisión crítica se centra en la discusión de la presencia de productos farmacéuticos y de cuidado personal (PPCP) en el agua cruda y potable y la baja eficiencia de las plantas de tratamiento de agua potable en la eliminación de estos microcontaminantes. La producción de agua potable segura y de alta calidad es un tema importante que representa uno de los desafíos más críticos de los últimos años. La presencia de Microcontaminantes, como PPPC, y su ingesta involuntaria a través del agua potable suponen importantes riesgos para la salud de la población. El elevado consumo de medicamentos por parte de la población para el tratamiento de enfermedades e infecciones ha exacerbado problemas ambientales y de resistencia bacteriana en diferentes contextos. Este tipo de problemas no ocurren a nivel local sino a nivel global. Un ejemplo de ello es la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha tenido un gran impacto en el mundo, aumentando el consumo de un grupo de medicamentos utilizados para enfrentar la enfermedad del coronavirus. De esta forma, se aumenta la probabilidad de encontrar estos fármacos en agua cruda y potable y, por tanto, también se incrementa el riesgo de mutación del virus y desarrollo de cepas resistentes a través de la exposición continua a los fármacos.El sistema de tratamiento de agua potable podría ser una barrera importante para controlar la propagación y la ingesta involuntaria de drogas. Sin embargo, los limitados estudios en este campo sugieren que los sistemas convencionales de agua potable tienen una baja eficiencia para eliminarlos. Por lo tanto, es necesario incrementar el conocimiento sobre la presencia de estas drogas en fuentes de agua para consumo humano y las posibilidades de sistemas de tratamiento de agua potable para evitar la ingesta involuntaria de estas drogas a través del agua potable.
Estudio de Impacto Ambiental para la Creación de una Empresa Consultora en RSPO para Cultivos de Palma de Aceite
Authors: Castañeda Sánchez Tatiana Alexandra , Bracho Colina Erimar Carolna , Ardila Pinto Tilcia Yaneth , Pineda Moreno María Delma , González Duarte Yiceth Alejandra , Pérez Ortega Claudia
Published: January 2025

La Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) es un proceso integral de anticipar, evaluar y abordar las consecuencias ecológicas, sociales y otras consecuencias pertinentes que surgen del desarrollo de un proyecto, antes de la implementación de decisiones y compromisos cruciales. . Implica la medición y evaluación del impacto de las actividades humanas o la ausencia de estas en diversos aspectos del medio ambiente, realizada durante las etapas iniciales de planificación. El proceso de EIA se lleva a cabo para identificar, anticipar y evaluar las posibles consecuencias ambientales de un proyecto o emprendimiento propuesto. Su objetivo es garantizar que el proceso de toma de decisiones considere los impactos ambientales y que se implementen las medidas adecuadas para aliviar o prevenir estos impactos. El propósito de este estudio delimita la evaluación de impacto ambiental para los cultivos de Aceite de palma en el Nororiente colombiano, a fin de identificar mediante los criterios que propone el estándar RSPO 2018 los mecanismos de control e impactos positivos que propone este referencial para garantizar la sostenibilidad de este subsector agrícola en el Nororiente Colombiano. La investigación se basa en un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo. La metodología utilizada se fundamenta en la propuesta de Vicente Conesa, que permite identificar con precisión los factores ambientales intervenidos y proyectar los impactos asociados. La evaluación ambiental integral presentada en este ejercicio de análisis de correlación, que se centra en los criterios de la RSPO 2018 y su teoría del cambio, sirve como una base confiable para la toma de decisiones informada y la implementación de prácticas sostenibles en el cultivo de palma aceitera. Ofrece una perspectiva a largo plazo sobre la adaptación respetuosa del cultivo a las características ambientales, proporcionando información valiosa sobre los resultados potenciales en diferentes etapas del proyecto de plantación y permitiendo la toma de decisiones predictivas.
La entrevista Nixon-Mao Tse-tung: ¿Una Yalta sino-norteamericano?
Authors: Thiago Cintra José
Published: January 2025

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La leyenda de Viśvarūpa y Ubhayabhāratī
Authors: Mādhava Śankaradigvijaya, III
Published: January 2025

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Ángel Núñez Ortega, Noticia histórica de las relaciones políticas y comerciales entre México y el Japón, durante el siglo XVII. Ed. Porrúa, S. A. México, 1971 2ª Ed., 126 pp. (Archivo Histórico Diplomático Mexicano, número 2).
Authors: Ota Mishima Mª Elena
Published: January 2025

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