bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Τhe Cost and the Value of Stroke Care in Greece: Results from the SUN4P Study
Authors: Siskou Olga Ch. , Galanis Petros , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Stafylas Panagiotis , Karagouni Iliana , Tsampalas Evangelos , Garefou Daphne , Alexopoulou Helen , Gamvroula Anasstasia , Lypiridou Maria , Kalliotzakis Ioannis , Fragkoulaki Anastasia , Kouridaki Aspasia , Tountopoulou Argyro , Kouzi Ioanna , Vassilopoulou Sofia , Manios Efstathios , Mavraganis Georgios , Vemmou Anastasia , Karagkiozi Efstathia , Savopoulos Christos , Dimas Grigorios George , Myrou Athina , Milionis Haralampos , Siopis Georgios , Evaggelou Xara , Protogerou Athanase D. , Samara Stamatia , Karapiperi Asteria , Kakaletsis Nikolaos , Papastefanatos George , Papastefanatos Stefanos , Sourtzi Panayota , Ntaios George , Vemmos Konstantinos , Korompoki Eleni , Kaitelidou Daphne
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to measure one-year total cost of stroke and to investigate the value of stroke care, defined as cost per QALY. The study population included 892 patients with first ever acute stroke, hemorrhagic and ischemic, (ICD-10 codes: I61, I63 and I64) admitted within 48 hours of symptoms onset to nine public hospitals located in six cities. We conducted a bottom-up cost analysis from the societal point of view. All cost components including direct medical costs, productivity losses due to morbidity and mortality and informal care costs were considered. We used an annual time horizon, including all costs for 2021 irrespective of the time of disease onset. The average cost (direct and indirect) was extrapolated in order to estimate the national annual burden associated with stroke. We estimated the total cost of stroke in Greece at €343.1 mil a year in 2021, (€10,722/patient or €23,308 per QALY). Out of €343.1 mil., 53.3% (€182.9 mil) consisted direct healthcare cost representing 1.1% of current health expenditure in 2021. Overall, productivity losses were calculated at €160.2 mil. The mean productivity losses were estimated to 116 work days with 55.1 days lost due to premature retirement and absenteeism from work, 18.5 days lost due to mortality and 42.4 days lost due to informal caregiving by family members.This study highlights the burden of stroke and underlines the need for stakeholders and policy makers to re-organize stroke care and promote interventions that have been proved as cost-effective
TIVC: An Efficient Local Search Algorithm for Minimum Vertex Cover in Large Graphs
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Shengzhi , Liu Chanjuan , Zhu Enqiang
Published: August 2023

The minimum vertex cover (MVC) problem is a canonical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, aiming to find a smallest set of vertices such that every edge has at least one endpoint in the set, which has extensive applications in cyber security, scheduling, and monitoring link failures in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Numerous local search algorithms have been proposed to obtain a “good” vertex cover. However, due to the NP-hard nature, it is challenging to efficiently solve the MVC problem, especially on large graphs. In this paper, we propose an efficient local search algorithm for MVC called TIVC, which is based on two main ideas: A 3-improvements (TI) framework with tiny perturbation, and an edge selection strategy. We conducted experiments on real-world large instances of a massive graph benchmark. Compared with two state-of-the-art MVC algorithms, TIVC shows superior performance in accuracy and possesses a remarkable ability to identify significantly smaller vertex covers on many graphs.
Co-Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals Regulation Network of Mint Pigment and Flavone
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , An Hailong , Ma Yanzhi , Chen Hong , Ke Shaoying
Published: August 2023

Mint is considered to have a greater number of phenolic acids, flavonoids, antioxidants and other bioactive components, and is widely used as food, medicine, spices, and flavoring agents. Thus, chemical composition is an important parameter for assessing the quality of mint. In this study, two mint cultivars were sampled, purple mint and green mint. The purple mint had much higher anthocyanin and total flavone content compared with green mint. Transcriptome and metabolome technique were employed to elucidate the regulation network of mint pigment and flavone. A total of 167,901 unigenes were obtained by high-throughput RNA-Seq and 34,608 genes were differentially expressed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in lignin metabolic process and flavonoid biosynthetic process. A total of 143 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were enriched in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways. The co-analysis results of DEGs and DEMs showed that the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway (ko00944) contained the most DEMs, followed by flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (ko00941) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ko00942). Furthermore, the most important nine genes and metabolites were screened using O2PLS model. The results will provide a theoretical basis for revealing pigment and flavone biosynthesis network of mint.
Children of AI: A Protocol for Managing the Born-Digital Ephemera Spawned by ChatGPT
Authors: Spennemann Dirk H.R.
Published: August 2023

The recent public release of the generative AI language model ChatGPT has captured the public imagination and has resulted a rapid uptake and widespread experimentation by the general public and academia alike. The number of academic publications focusing on the capabilities as well as practical and ethical implications of generative AI has been growing exponentially. One of the concerns with this unprecedented growth in scholarship related to generative AI, in particular ChatGPT, is that in most cases the raw data, that is the text of the original ‘conversations,’ have not been made available to the audience of the papers and thus cannot be drawn on to assess the veracity of the arguments made and the conclusions drawn therefrom. This paper provides a protocol for the documentation and archiving of these raw data.
Evaluation of Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and Adenovirus Cases via Rapid Tests in Community during the Winter 2023 Season. A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Papagiannis Dimitrios , Perlepe Garyfallia , Tendolouri Theodora , Karakitsiou Polyxeni , Damagka Georgia , Kalaitzi Anna , Alevra Sofia , Malli Foteini , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I.
Published: August 2023

Respiratory infections constitute a major reason for infants and children seeking medical advice and visiting health facilities, thus remaining a significant public threat with high morbidity and mortality. The predominant viruses causing viral respiratory infections are influenza A and B viruses (Flu-A, Flu-B), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Adenovirus and Coronaviruses. We aimed to record the incidence of RSV, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B and Adenovirus cases with rapid antigen tests and validate the results with RT-PCR assay of upper respiratory specimens with a wide range of viral loads and (co)-infection patterns in children. Clinical samples were collected from early symptomatic children (presenting with fever and/or cough and/or headache within 5–7 days). The surveillance program was conducted in five private pediatrician dispensaries and one Pediatric care unit, from 10 January 2023 to 30 March 2023 in central Greece. The total sample of specimens collected was 784 young children and infants, of which 383 (48.8%) ware female and 401 were male (51.2%). The mean age of participants was 7.3 + 5.5 years. The sensitivity of FLU A & B test was 91.15% (95% CI: 84.33% -95.67%), and the specificity was 98.96% (95% CI: 97.86% - 99.58%). The sensitivity and specificity of the adenovirus and RSV test was {92.45% (95% CI: 81.79% - 97.91%), 99.32% (95% CI: 98.41% -99.78%)} and {92.59% (95% CI: 75.71% -99.09%), 99.47% (95% CI: 98.65% - 99.86%)} respectively. Lastly, the sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 test was 100.00% (95% CI: 79.41%-100.00%) and the specificity was 99.74% (95% CI: 99.06% - 99.97%). We recorded proportion of incidence for the Influenza-A and B, (14.3%), - (3.44%) correspondingly, followed by the adenovirus with a proportion (6.9%) and the RSV with (3.7%) incidence proportion and finally, the SARS-CoV-2 (2.3%). The combination of a new multiple rapid test with multiple antigens, will be probably a useful tool with financial impact for health systems targeting the early detection and right treatment of respiratory infections in the emergency departments in primary health care facilities.
Harnessing Mechanical Forces for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kumari Alka , Veena S. Manasa , Luha Rashmita , Tijore Ajay
Published: August 2023

Cancer cells exhibit aberrant extracellular matrix mechanosensing due to altered expression of mechanosensory cytoskeletal proteins. Aberrant mechanosensing of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by cancer cells has been shown to be associated with cancer development and progression. Recent studies show that altered mechanosensing changes the mechanobiological properties of cells, and, in turn, cells become susceptible to mechanical perturbations. Due to an increasing understanding of cell biomechanics and cellular machinery, several approaches have emerged to target the mechanobiological properties of cancer cells and cancer-associated cells to inhibit cancer growth and progression. In this review, we summarize the progress that happened in the development of mechano-based approaches to target cancer by interfering with the cellular mechanosensing machinery and overall TME.
Refractive Surgery to Correct Visual Impairments in 267 Children with Autism Spectrum and Related Neuro-developmental Disorders: Improvements in Vision and Behavior
Authors: Reynolds Margaret , Faron Nicholas , Hoekel James , Tychsen Lawrence
Published: August 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have impaired vision from high refractive errors: near-sighted-myopia or far-sighted-hyperopia and aversion to spectacles or contact lenses. Refractive surgery can restore sharp vision and eliminate the need for spectacles or contact lenses. Restoration of sharp vision may improve ASD behaviors. Data were collated retrospectively for 267 children with refractive errors and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) diagnosed as ASD alone or NDD with ASD-like behaviors. Surgery was either laser photo-refractive keratectomy (PRK; 131 children), implantation of a phakic intra ocular lens (pIOL; 129 children) or removal of the crystalline lens and implantation of an IOL (refractive lens exchange, RLE; 21 children) under general anesthesia. Median age was 10.9 yrs. and median follow-up 3.1 yrs. Pre-operative refractive errors ranged from a mean +7.5 ± 0.9 D to -14.3. ± 4.8 D. Surgery corrected 87% to normal focal length (± 1 D). Visual acuity improved an average 0.6 logMAR. Social interactions and ASD behaviors improved in 55% (146/267) of the treated children (p < .01), including school performance; motor skills; depth perception; repetitive or stereotyped movements; anxiety/fear; and attention. Refractive surgery improves both visual function and behaviors in the majority of highly near-sighted or far-sighted children with ASD.
The predicate of the current mathematical knowledge increases the constructive mathematics what is impossible for the empirical sciences
Authors: Tyszka Apoloniusz
Published: August 2023

This is an expanded and revised version of the article: A. Tyszka, Statements and open problems on decidable sets X⊆N, Pi Mu Epsilon J. 15 (2023), no. 8, 493-504. The main results were presented at the 25th Conference Applications of Logic in Philosophy and the Foundations of Mathematics, see http://applications-of-logic.uni.wroc.pl/XXV-Konferencja-Zastosowania-Logiki-w-Filozofii-i-Podstawach-Matematyki. We assume that the current mathematical knowledge is a finite set of statements which is time-dependent. Nicolas D. Goodman observed that epistemic notions increase the understanding of mathematics without changing its content. We explain the distinction between algorithms whose existence is provable in ZFC and constructively defined algorithms which are currently known. By using this distinction, we obtain non-trivial statements on decidable sets X⊆N that belong to constructive mathematics and refer to the current mathematical knowledge on X. This and the next sentence justify the article title. For any empirical science, we can identify the current knowledge with that science because truths from the empirical sciences are not necessary truths but working models of truth from a particular context. Edmund Landau's conjecture states that the set P(n^2+1) of primes of the form n^2+1 is infinite. Landau's conjecture implies the following unproven statement Φ: card(P(n^2+1))<ω ⇒ P(n^2+1)⊆[2,(((24!)!)!)!]. We heuristically justify the statement Φ. This justification does not yield the finiteness/infiniteness of P(n^2+1). We present a new heuristic argument for the infiniteness of P(n^2+1), which is not based on the statement Φ.
A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Development of Ecosystem Services in Rice-Fish-Duck Forests: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wu Di , Li Haopeng , Liu Juanjuan
Published: August 2023

Agroforestry with a sustainable model of production is considered to be an effective solution to the unsustainability of the existing model in agricultural production, and it is also an important topic for ecosystem services and sustainable development goals to improve human well-being. In addition, existing literatures confirm that the importance of forest functions in increasing agricultural production and maintaining agro-ecological sustainability. The "rice-fish-duck-forest" is an important representative of the agroforestry complex ecosystem because of its unique management mechanism and characteristic social culture. As a result, "rice-fish-duck-forest" ecosystem services are beginning to be studied. In the absence of a systematic scientific understanding of the ecosystem services of "rice-fish-duck-forest", there are potential challenges to its sustainable development. This study thoroughly analyzed the current literature on rice-fish-duck-forest ecosystem services in order to have a more thorough grasp of it and to be more sustainable. This research found that research on the ecosystem services of "rice-fish-duck-forest" involves four themes: "regulational", "ecology", "economy", and "socio-culture". Deforestation, socio-cultural marginalization, and Low community management participation are the three main issues facing the "rice-fish-duck-forest" ecosystem service. To address these issues, this paper builds a framework for the sustainable development of rice-fish-duck-forest ecosystem services within the context of current management frameworks for agriculture and forestry, and further discusses its relevance to the Sustainable Development Goals. This study will provide a theoretical decision-making guide for the transformation of agriculture to agroforestry and the sustainable development of agroforestry.
Trophic Niches of Two Congeneric Pipefishes in the Aegean Sea (Bargilya Wetland, Turkey), Based on Stable Isotope Analyses
Authors: Gurkan Sule , Aragoneses Paula , Innal Deniz , Mendoza-Segura Clara , Planas Miquel
Published: August 2023

Pipefishes (Family Syngnathidae) are representative fishes in many European coastal areas asso-ciated with vegetal assemblages and other shallow habitats. The polyandrous pipefishes Syngnathus abaster and S. acus co-occur in Metruk Tuzla (Bargilya Wetland, Aegean Sea, Turkey), a protected but threatened wetland due to anthropogenic disturbances. Both species were sam-pled during the breeding season (April-2018 and June-2019) for the assessment of growth and trophic features revealed from stable isotope profiles (δ13C and δ15N) and gut content. Both species showed positive allometric growth, with similar length-weight relationships. The isotope approach indicated that both species occupy similar trophic niches, with mean δ13C and δ15N values of -17.0 ± 1.2 ‰ for δ13C and 13.2 ± 0.6 ‰ for δ15N in S. abaster, and -17.3 ± 1.2 ‰ for δ13C and 13.3 ± 0.7 ‰ for δ15N in S. acus. The niche area for all sex types (undifferentiated specimens, males and females) in S. acus was slightly broader than in S. abaster. The simulation analysis of the trophic position (TP) in both species agreed with the isotopic assessment (TP = 3.67 ± 0.61 in S. abaster and 3.46 ± 0.66 in S. acus). Despite the high trophic resemblance between S. abaster and S. acus, the gut content assessment revealed the large contribution of copepods (especially Calanipeda aquaedulcis) to the dietary regime in both pipefishes. However, while the diet in S. abaster seemed to be almost monospecific, cladocerans were also an important resource in S. acus. Hence, we suggest that potential inter-specific competition for dietary resources would be minimized likely due to the occupancy of different microhabitats, a hypothesis that needs to be confirmed by further research.
Research on Differentiated Dynamic Reactive Power Compensation Scheme considering the Suppression of Transient Voltage Dips
Authors: Dang Jie , Tang Fei , Wang Jiale , Yu Xiaodong , Deng Huipeng
Published: August 2023

In order to reduce the risk of grid transient voltage instability brought about by the new energy and system dynamic loads and the increasing proportion of new energy access, this paper proposes a differentiated dynamic reactive power compensation configuration method for suppressing transient voltage dip instability. The method first establishes a dynamic reactive power device configuration index system based on a multi-binary table, and then establishes a differentiated dynamic reactive power compensation device configuration model based on the node instability risk characteristics by combining with the regional division of system transient voltage instability risk. The model takes the investment cost and suppression effect as the optimization objectives, and realizes differentiated dynamic reactive power compensation by flexibly adjusting the optimization weights of economic benefits and reactive power compensation effects in the configuration process; Compared with the traditional compensation methods, differentiated compensation can significantly improve the economic benefits of reactive power compensation configuration. Finally, taking the IEEE39 node test system as an example, the improved TLBO algorithm is used to solve the model, which verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Development of Composite Sponge Scaffolds Based on Carrageenan (CRG) and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) for Hemostat Applications
Authors: Alizadeh Kimia , Dezvare Yasaman , Kamyab Shirin , Amirian Jhaleh , Brangule Agnese , Bandere Dace
Published: August 2023

In this study, a novel absorbable hemostatic agent was developed using carrageenan (CRG) as a natural polymer and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs).  CRG-CeO2-0.5 and CRG-CeO2-1 composites were prepared by compositing CRG and CeO2 at a weight ratio of 200:1 and 100:1, respectively. Physio-chemical and structural properties of these compounds were studied and compared with pristine CRG. Upon incorporation of CeO2 nanoparticles into the CRG matrix, significant reductions in hydrogel degradation were observed. In addition, it was noted that CRG-CeO2 exhibited better antibacterial and hemostatic properties than CRG hydrogel without CeO2.The biocompatibility of the materials was tested using the NIH 3T3 cell line and all samples were found to be nontoxic. Particularly, CRG-CeO2-1 demonstrated superior hemostatic effects, biocompatibility, and a lower degradation rate since more CeO2 Nps were present in the CRG matrix. Therefore, CRG-CeO2-1 has the potential to be used as a hemostatic agent and wound dressing.
Pleiotropic Drugs against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Thomas Guiselin , Lecoutey Cédric , Rochais Christophe , Dallemagne Patrick
Published: August 2023

The multifactorial nature of some diseases, and in particular neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, frequently requires the use of several drugs. These drug cocktails are not without drawbacks in terms of increased adverse effects, drug-drug interactions or adherence to treatment. The concept of pleiotropic drugs, which combine, within a single molecule, several activities directed against distinct therapeutic targets, makes it possible to overcome some of these problems. In addition, these pleiotropic drugs, generally, lead to the expression of a synergy of effects, sometimes greater than that observed with a combination of drugs. This article will review, through recent examples, the different kinds of pleiotropic drugs being studied or already present on the market of medicines.
Stress Redistribution Study and Material Inelasticity and Prestress Loss Coupling Effect in Segmental Concrete Bridges
Authors: He Xulin
Published: August 2023

The reason for excessive multidecade deflections is still unclear after 70 years of the cantilever method that has been applied in building large-span segmental concrete bridges. The failure of the Koror-Babeldaob bridge gives the author a clue that the reason might be the boundary condition. The asymmetric properties of the bearing and prestress tendon draw the author’s attention. To understand the process of stress redistribution, the virtual stiffness method which is derived from the principle of minimum potential energy was created, and the phenomenon the author suggested named Material Inelasticity and Prestress Loss Coupling Effect is discovered. The unexplainable excessive deflection and prestress loss are found in the new load model. The calculation of excessive deflection is discussed. The new model fits the experience well. The optimization design methods and construction key points are proposed.
Polyclonal Aptamers in Fluorescence-Based Assays for Rikenella microfusus-Specific Gut Microbiome Analyses
Authors: Zhang Yiting , Xing Hu , Bolotnikov Grigory , Kraemer Markus , Gotzmann Nina , Knippschild Uwe , Kissmann Ann-Kathrin , Rosenau Frank
Published: August 2023

Rikenella microfusus is an essential intestinal probiotic with great potential. The latest research shows that its imbalance in the intestinal flora is related to the occurrence of various diseases, such as intestinal diseases, immune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Rikenella may be a target or biomarker for some diseases, providing a new possibility for preventing and treating these diseas-es by monitoring and changing the abundance of Rikenella in the intestine. However, the current detection methods have disadvantages such as long detection time, complicated operation, and high cost, which seriously limit the possibility of clinical application of this new treatment method. Therefore, developing rapid and low-cost detection methods has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, we used Rikenella as the target bacterium, meanwhile including five other prominent gut bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila, Allobaculum stercoricanis, Blautia producta, Rose-buria intestinalis and Parabacteroides distasonis as control organisms. The aptamer library R.m-R13 was evolved with high specificity and strong affinity (Kd = 9.597 nM) in an iterative Cell-SELEX process after 13 rounds of selection. R. microfusus can efficiently be discriminated from other major gut bacteria in complex mixtures in different analysis techniques including fluorescence micros-copy or fluorometric suspension assays and even in human stool samples. These preliminary re-sults open new avenues towards the development of aptamer-based microbiome bio-sensing ap-plications for fast and reliable R. microfusus monitoring.
Design of a Dual-Band WiFi Antenna Using the Theory of Characteristic Modes and Nested Chinese Characters
Authors: Wang Zhonggen , Wang Mingqing , Nie Wenyan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a dual-band WiFi antenna and its Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system application is designed, fabricated, and measured based on the Chinese characters “Men” and “Wei”. The antenna uses a 40×40×1.6 mm3 Fr4 substrate to analyze the combinatorial structure of Chinese characters using the theory of characteristic modes (TCM), to optimize the antenna dimensions by analyzing the mode current distribution, and to broaden the antenna bandwidth by etching rectangular slots on the ground. The measured and simulated results show that the four-element MIMO antenna covers 5.68-8.01 GHz, the isolation between the antennas is higher than 20 dB in the working band, the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and the channel capacity losses (CCLs)of the simulation is lower than 0.001 and 0.18 bits/s/HZ, respectively. The efficiency of the antenna is higher than 90%, and it can be used for WiFi communication band (5.8 GHz and 6 GHz).
Antioxidant, Collagenase Inhibitory and Antibacterial Effects of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Ulva australis
Authors: Kang You-An , Kim Ye-Jin , Jin Sang-Keun , Choi Hwa-Jung
Published: August 2023

The protein extract of Ulva australis hydrolyzed with alcalase and flavourzyme investigated multi-functional properties, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), collagenase inhibitory and antibacterial activities. The #5 fraction (SP5) and #7 fraction (SP7) of U. australis hydrolysate from cation-exchange chromatography showed significantly high TAC, collagenase inhibitory and antibacterial effects against Propionibacterium acnes, and only Q3 fraction from anion-exchange chromatography showed high multi-functional activities. The eight peptides among 42 peptides identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and Q-TOF/MS/MS were selected from the results to screen molecular docking on target proteins, and were synthesized. Thr-Gly-Thr-Trp (TGTW) showed ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity. Effect TAC as Trolox equivalence was dependent on the concentration of TGTW. The Asn-Arg-Asp-Tyr (NRDY) and Arg-Asp-Arg-Phe (RDRF) possessing collagenase inhibitory activity increased according to the increase of concentration and the IC50 values of them were 0.95 mM and 0.84 mM, respectively. Peptides, RDRF and His-Ala-Val-Tyr (HAVY) showed anti-P. acnes effects with IC50 values of 8.57 mM and 13.23 mM, respectively. These results suggest that the U. australis hydrolysate could be a resource for the application of effective nutraceuticals and cosmetics.
Mixed Medicinal Mushroom Mycelia Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Jeong Ji Heun , Hong Geum-Lan , Jeong Young Gil , Lee Nam Seob , Kim Do Kyung , Park Jong Yea , Park Mina , Kim Hyun Min , Kim Ya El , Yoo Yung Choon , Han Seung Yun
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory impairment and existence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neuroinflammation. Due to the pivotal role of oxidative damage in AD, natural antioxidative agents, such as polyphenol-rich fungi, have garnered scientific scrutiny. Here, the aqueous extract of mixed medicinal mushroom mycelia (MMMM) - Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Inonotus obliquus - cultivated on a barley medium, was assessed for its anti-AD effects. A neuron-like PC12 cells, which were subjected to Zn2+, an Aβ aggregator, was employed as an in vitro AD model. The cells pretreated with or without MMMM assayed for Aβ immunofluorescence, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and antioxidant enzyme activity. 5XFAD mice were administered with 30 mg/kg/day MMMM for 8 weeks and underwent memory function tests and histologic analyses. In vitro results demonstrated that the cells pretreated with MMMM exhibited attenuation in Aβ immunofluorescence, ROS accumulation, and apoptosis, and increment in cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity. In vivo results revealed that 5XFAD mice administered with MMMM showed attenuation in memory impairment and histologic deterioration such as Aβ plaques accumulation and neuroinflammation. MMMM might mitigate AD-associated memory impairment and cerebral pathologies, including Aβ plaque accumulation, and neuroinflammation, by impeding Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.
Factors Influencing Visual Acuity in Patients with Active Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Imaging Parameters Changes
Authors: Xia Fan , Xing Peiyu , Zhang Hao , Niu Tongtong , Wang Qi , Hua Rui
Published: August 2023

We performed a retrospective, observational study for 51 eyes of 51 treatment-naive patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), whose lesion ranged within the 6x6mm scope of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients were divided into two groups based on the pattern of branching vascular network (BVN) on OCTA: ill-defined group and well-defined group. BVN morphology was not related to baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). But the BCVA in the ill-defined BVN group (-0.18 [interquartile range: -0.40 to 0.00]) was significantly improved after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, compared with that (0.00 [interquartile range: -0.18 to 0.00]) in the well-defined group (z=2.143, p=0.032). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, smaller number of injections, and presence of polypoidal lesions on OCTA images at baseline predicted a poor prognosis of polypoidal lesions on OCTA images after anti-VEGF therapy (all p<0.05). Finally, BCVA at baseline and the number of injections were protective factors for BCVA after anti-VEGF therapy (all p<0.05). In contrast, history of hypertension and macular edema at baseline were risk factors for BCVA after anti-VEGF injections (all p<0.05). Our results revealed the visual and morphological prognosis of patients with active subfoveal circumscribed PCV after anti-VEGF therapy.
Analisis ketimpangan pendapatan antar wilayah di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2012-2020
Authors: Lestari Fitri Yuni , Affandi Muhammad Irfan , Ismono R Hanung
Published: August 2023

Perbedaan potensi keunggulan daerah dapat memberikan kontribusi yang berbeda terhadap perekonomian lokal yang menjadi motor penggerak pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Perbedaan yang besar dalam tingkat pertumbuhan dan potensi antar daerah menyebabkan dikotomi daerah maju dan tertinggal yang menunjukkan ketimpangan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketimpangan pendapatan antar wilayah di Provinsi Lampung dari tahun 2012 hingga 2020. Data yang digunakan adalah data panel PDRB untuk 17 sektor ekonomi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder time series dan cross-section dari 15 kabupaten/kota di Lampung yang diolah dengan analisis entrophy theil. Menurut hasil analisis, pendapatan daerah menunjukkan kontribusi positif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Walaupun demikian, secara keseluruhan keterkaitan antar kedua hal tersebut tergolong rendah. Secara detail, kontribusi kabupaten dengan ketimpangan tinggi adalah Kota Bandar Lampung, Kota Metro, dan Kabupaten Pringsewu. Kontribusi ketimpangan sedang terjadi di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Lampung Utara, Lampung Tengah, Way Kanan, dan Tanggamus. Kontribusi ketimpangan yang rendah terdapat di Kabupaten Lampung Barat, Lampung Timur, Tulang Bawang, Tulang Bawang Barat, Mesuji, Pesawaran, dan Pantai Barat.
Dampak rencana operasi Pangkalan Udara Gatot Subroto Way Kanan menjadi bandar udara komersial ditinjau dari aspek spasial
Authors: Haridan Zulman , Sulistiyorini Rahayu , Affandi Muhammad Irfan
Published: August 2023

Bandar udara memiliki peran sebagai pintu gerbang kegiatan perekonomian dalam upaya pemerataan pembangunan, pertumbuhan dan stabilitas ekonomi, serta keselarasan pembangunan nasional dan pembangunan daerah. Salah satu isu  penentuan tujuan perencanaan Kabupaten Way Kanan dalam RTRW Provinsi Lampung adalah peluang pendayagunaan Pangkalan Udara TNI Angkatan Darat Gatot Subroto sebagai bandara komersial untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan mobilitas sipil yang cepat, nyaman, dan ekonomis. Namun, pemanfaatan peluang tersebut memiliki limitasi berupa keterbatasan kapasitas untuk penggunaan lahan sebagai bandara komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi pengembangan kawasan Bandar Udara Gatot Subroto dalam mendukung pengembangan wilayah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan alat analisis Satuan Kemampuan Lahan (SKL) untuk mengetahui daya dukung agar tindak perencanaan berada dalam kapasitas optimal keberlanjutan ekosistem Analisis SWOT serta QSPM juga digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi pengembangan Kawasan Bandara Gatot Subroto. Hasil analisis SKL menunjukkan tiga klasifikasi kemampuan lahan di kawasan tersebut dengan persentasi terbesar, yaitu 86,28% kemampuan lahan baik, 8,54% dengan kemampuan cukup baik, dan 5,18% dengan kemampuan sangat baik. Strategi pengembangan Bandara Gatot Subroto yang direkomendasikan adalah penguatan aspek kelembagaan untuk menunjang fasilitas layanan pendukung yang dapat memudahkan  pengguna bandara dan melakukan pengembangan potensi pariwisata Kabupaten Way Kanan sebagai daya tarik untuk wisatawan.
Analisis potensi ekonomi dan pengaruhnya terhadap pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB)
Authors: Valentino Gabriel Ivo Aveliano Kusuma Adi , Juwita Aulia Hapsari
Published: August 2023

Pembangunan daerah sedapat mungkin dilakukan berdasarkan potensi yang dimilikinya. Potensi ekonomi Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) diidentifikasi melalu analisis menggunakan metode analisis Tipologi Klassen, analisis Location Quotient, dan analisis Shift Share. Hasil identifikasi kemudian dihubungkan dengan data Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada tahun 2011−2020 untuk melihat bagaimana sektor potensial terkait dengan PAD. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari dinas terkait. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sektor unggulan tertinggi di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) tahun 2011−2020 adalah sektor pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan, sektor perdagangan besar dan eceran; reparasi mobil dan sepeda motor, dan sektor jasa pendidikan. Hasil regresi Fixed Effect Model menunjukkan adanya pengaruh secara positif dan signifikan sektor basis terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) tahun 2011−2020.
Analisis faktor-faktor penyebab kemiskinan di Desa Suro, Kecamatan Muara Beliti, Kabupaten Musi Rawas
Authors: Heriska Rifaldo , Agustian Endy , Mutaqin Zenal
Published: August 2023

Walaupun berlokasi dekat dengan pusat pemerintahan di Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Desa Suro merupakan wilayah dengan tingkat kesejahteraan yang relatif rendah. Rendahnya tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Suro mengkonfirmasi isu kemiskinan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab kemiskinan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beberapa aspek yang menyebabkan kemiskinan, yaitu aspek ekonomi, aspek sosial, aspek fisik lingkungan dan aspek regulasi. Masing-masing aspek memiliki implikasi yang berbeda terhadap tingkat kemiskinan, namun kesemuanya saling terhubung.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Computer-Assisted Navigation in a Patient with Nail-Patella Syndrome
Authors: Courington Reese , Kerr Matthew , Adigweme Obinna
Published: August 2023

Case:

Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is a genetic disorder causing anatomical abnormalities about the knee, including significant patellar hypoplasia. We present a case of a patient with NPS and severe knee osteoarthritis undergoing computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Several intraoperative anatomical challenges were appreciated. Postoperatively, the patient developed arthrofibrosis requiring manipulation; however, his final outcome was favorable.

Conclusion:

Computer assistance may improve precision in patients with NPS undergoing TKA, but surgeons must be aware of the associated anatomic abnormalities and potentially increased risk of arthrofibrosis. Patellar resurfacing is often not feasible because of lack of bone stock.
Longitudinal Assessment of Modern Spine Surgery Training
Authors: Daniels Alan H. , Alsoof Daniel , McDonald Christopher L. , Zhang Andrew S. , Diebo Bassel G. , Eberson Craig P. , Kuris Eren O. , Lavelle William , Ames Christopher P. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Hart Robert A.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Spine surgeons complete training through residency in orthopaedic surgery (ORTH) or neurosurgery (NSGY). A survey was conducted in 2013 to evaluate spine surgery training. Over the past decade, advances in surgical techniques and the changing dynamics in fellowship training may have affected training and program director (PD) perceptions may have shifted.

Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional survey distributed to all PDs of ORTH and NSGY residencies and spine fellowships in the United States. Participants were queried regarding characteristics of their program, ideal characteristics of residency training, and opinions regarding the current training environment. χ2 tests were used to compare answers over the years.

Results:

In total, 241 PDs completed the survey. From 2013 to 2023, NSGY increased the proportion of residents with >300 spine cases (86%-100%) while ORTH remained with >90% of residents with < 225 cases (p < 0.05). A greater number of NSGY PDs encouraged spine fellowship even for community spine surgery practice (0% in 2013 vs. 14% in 2023, p < 0.05), which continued to be significantly different from ORTH PDs (∼88% agreed, p > 0.05). 100% of NSGY PDs remained confident in their residents performing spine surgery, whereas ORTH confidence significantly decreased from 43% in 2013 to 25% in 2023 (p < 0.05). For spinal deformity, orthopaedic PDs (92%), NSGY PDs (96%), and fellowship directors (95%), all agreed that a spine fellowship should be pursued (p = 0.99). In both 2013 and 2023, approximately 44% were satisfied with the spine training model in the United States. In 2013, 24% of all PDs believed we should have a dedicated spine residency, which increased to 39% in 2023 (fellowship: 57%, ORTH: 38%, NSGY: 21%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Spine surgery training continues to evolve, yet ORTH and neurological surgery training remains significantly different in case volumes and educational strengths. In both 2013 and 2023, less than 50% of PDs were satisfied with the current spine surgery training model, and a growing minority believe that spine surgery should have its own residency training pathway.

Level of Evidence:

IV.
Web-based Information System for Climbing Equipment Rental (Case Study of Camp 2 Shop)
Authors: Malna Intan Afriza , Findawati Yulian
Published: August 2023

The business of renting hiking equipment is currently very much loved by entrepreneurs. Due to the fact that the content business generates a lot of rupiah coffers, nowadays many young people are channeling their hobbies to mountain climbing. Regardless of age, there are also many ambitious fathers who take the time to climb. No wonder hiking equipment rentals are selling well at this time.Unfortunately, the rental of hiking equipment is still traditional, namely by coming to the store and choosing the items to be rented, with a system like this it is likely that the items to be rented are empty or are being rented by other tenants. This is quite detrimental to customers who have come all the way and hope that the item they are looking for is there. Not only customers who are harmed here, shop owners will also lose many customers.Therefore, a web-based information system is needed that can be accessed by potential customers, with this information system it is hoped that it can assist customers in renting hiking equipment without manual processes.
Detection and Prevention of Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in Website-Based Applications
Authors: Putra Rio Ananda , Kautsar Irwan Alnaurus , Hindarto Hindarto , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: August 2023

IDOR (Insecure Direct Object References) is a security vulnerability that occurs when a web application does not validate or authorize access to direct objects, such as data or resources, in an adequate manner. In the context of web application security, objects can be files, database records, or other resources identified by a parameter or direct reference. The IDOR technique allows an attacker to manipulate parameters passed to a web application to gain unauthorized access to objects he or she should not have access to. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can access, modify, or delete data that should only be accessible to authorized users. One of the dangers in accessing data on websites, data retrieval techniques from object IDs are often vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) attacks. Therefore, the data retrieval technique from $_SESSION can be a safer alternative to avoid the IDOR security vulnerability. Using this technique, only the account in use can be accessed and does not allow access to other technician accounts. The use of additional query parameters can also increase website security and protect the data and information contained therein. Thus, adding additional validation to the code can help prevent IDOR vulnerabilities from occurring in web applications.
Web-Based Company Workshop Tool Control System (Case Study of Dipo Kereta Malang)
Authors: Harianto Viqi , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: August 2023

The management of existing tools at Dipo Kereta Malang in the process of borrowing and returning still uses conventional methods, where employees write in the available books. This can cause problems including a lot of unrecorded data, when at the same time the officer is doing other work. Then, when the process of searching for tool data in a book that takes time. In addition, officers will always check the availability of tools before borrowing. As the role of information and communication technology and the development of tool lending applications to support companies to be more effective. Information technology used includes computer technology to support the loan information system. From the description of the problems above, a web-based tool control system will be created. Website which can be interpreted as a form of group of web pages which can be accessed by everyone and are bound together in one domain. This web-based system can generate information in the form of tool availability, loan reports, and changes in the tool borrowing process where tool borrowing is done the previous day for tomorrow's work. For this reason, employees no longer need to make manual records which are considered less effective and efficient in the future. And with the system created can improve previous shortcomings.
Peculiar tube-like bivalve with densely packed concave tabulae (Štramberk Limestone, Tithonian-Berriasian)
Authors: Vinn Olev , Kołodziej Bogusław , Kozlová Zuzana
Published: August 2023

The fossils described here are from the Tithonian-lower Berriasian Štramberk Limestone of the Czech Republic. The specimens consist of densely packed, straight to slightly curved short tubes. Each tube is composed of a single valve rather than two valves. Some tubes show constrictions in the wall, generally on just one side. The lumen is almost completely filled with numerous densely packed slightly to strongly concave tabulae. In some tubes, the tabulae form complete internal floors while in others they connect to the wall with another tabula or seal the concavity in the underlying tabula. The tubes somewhat resemble tubeworms, rudists, vermetids and calcareous algae. However, based on morphological similarities such as the tube-like morphology in longitudinal section and the shapes of the lamellae and tabulae, these tubes resemble oysters described from the Albian of Brazil. Accordingly, we infer that the Štramberk tubes represent oysters or oyster-related bivalves.
Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) Foraminifera from the Nayband Formation of the Lut Block (Garm Ab section, Northeast Iran)
Authors: Amirhassankhani Fatemeh , Senowbari-Daryan Baba , Rashidi Koorosh
Published: August 2023

Studies of Nayband Formation from the Garm Ab section in Lut Block in Central Iran led to the identification of 26 foraminiferal taxa. Nine species are reported from Iran for the first time: Involutina ex gr. liassica (Jones), Involutina sp., Lamelliconus permodiscoides (Oberhauser), Palaeolituonella cf. meridionalis (Luperto), Palaeolituonella cf. angulata Senowbari-Daryan & Cacciatore, Gaudryinella cf. kotlensis Trifonova, Ammobaculites eumorphos Kristan-Tollmann, Frondicularia rhaetica Kristan-Tollmann, Frondicularia cf. xiphoidea Kristan-Tollmann, and Orthotrinacria ? expansa (Zaninetti et al.). The taxa restrict the Upper Triassic interval to probably just the Rhaetian. Based on the foraminifera and their abundance, three different association-types could be distinguished, i.e., the Decapoalina schaeferae-Miliolipora cuvillieri, Trocholina turris-Agathammina iranica and Involutina ex gr. liassica-Trocholina umbo associations. Comparisons of foraminiferal associations in different parts of central Iran, such as 1) Hassan Abad section, SW of Ferdows in Lut Block, 2) the type locality of the Nayband Formation in Tabas Block, NE of Esfahan in the eastern part of Central Domain Block, and 3) the Garm Ab section in Lut Block, indicate that the hyaline foraminifers are most abundant in the Garm Ab. Besides, in the Lut Block, the reef environments in the Garm Ab section are deeper water than those of the Hassan Abad section. The association of Trocholina umbo with Miliolipora cuvillieri is similar to the foraminiferal association from the NE of Esfahan and shows similar conditions in Lut Block and Central Domain Block. The two assemblages of hyaline foraminifers, especially the new report of Involutina and Trocholina, prove to be Rhaetian in age.
Extremely Hot Ambient Temperature and Injury-related Mortality
Authors: Nguyen Mien T N , Nguyen Man V M , Le Huong V T , Nguyen Hoai Viet , Nguyen Vu Anh , Le Ngoan Tran
Published: August 2023

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of extremely hot ambient temperatures on the total number of fatal injuries. Data were collected from a population-based mortality registry of Thanh Hoa, a province in the North Central region of Vietnam. This study qualified the distributed lag non-linear model and calculated the RR and 95% CI adjusted for long-term trend and absolute humidity. For the entire study population with 3,949 registered deaths due to injuries collected during 2005-2007, after the onset of extremely hot ambient temperatures, an increased risk of death was observed on the 9th day RR (95% CI) = 1.44 (1.06–1.97) and reached the peak on the 12th day RR (95% CI) = 1.58 (1.14–2.17), and at the 15th day RR (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.08–2.06). Men and old adults were identified as the most vulnerable groups. This study confirmed a positive association between hot temperatures and injury-related deaths in the province of 3.6 million people. The findings motivated further investigation into the effect of warm climate changes and the risk of deaths related to other specific causes such as road traffic, work-related injury, and etc.