bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel high-efficient adsorbent based on modified gelatin/montmorillonite nanocomposite for removal of malachite green dye
Authors: Abu Elella Mahmoud H. , Aamer Nema , Abdallah Heba M. , López-Maldonado Eduardo A. , Mohamed Yasser M. A. , El Nazer Hossam A. , Mohamed Riham R.
Published: January 2024

Shortage of drinking water has gained potential interest over the last few decades. Discharged industrial effluent, including various toxic pollutants, to water surfaces is one of the most serious environmental issues. The adsorption technique has become a widely studied method for the removal of toxic pollutants, specifically synthetic dyes, from wastewater due to its cost-effectiveness, high selectivity, and ease of operation. In this study, a novel gelatin-crosslinked-poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay nanocomposites-based adsorbent has been prepared for removing malachite green (MG) dye from an aqueous solution. Modified gelatin nanocomposites were synthesized using a free-radical polymerization technique in the presence and absence of MMT. Various analytical instrumentation: including FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and TEM techniques were used to elucidate the chemical structure and surface morphology of the prepared samples. Using a batch adsorption experiment, Langmuir isotherm model showed that the prepared modified gelatin nanocomposite had a maximum adsorption capacity of 950.5 mg/g using 350 mg/L of MG dye at pH 9 within 45 min. Furthermore, the regeneration study showed good recyclability for the obtained nanocomposite through four consecutive reusable cycles. Therefore, the fabricated gelatin nanocomposite is an attractive adsorbent for MG dye elimination from aqueous solutions.
Negative emotionality downregulation affects moral choice but not moral judgement of harm: a pharmacological study
Authors: Martinez Roger Marcelo , Chou Shih-Han , Fan Yang-Teng , Chen Yu-Chun , Goh Kah Kheng , Chen Chenyi
Published: January 2024

Previous neuroscientific research has expounded on the fundamental role played by emotion during moral decision-making. Negative emotionality has been observed to exert a general inhibitory effect towards harmful behaviors against others. Nevertheless, the downregulation of negative affects at different levels of moral processing (e.g. impersonal versus personal moral dilemmas) alongside its possible interactions with other factors (e.g. perspective taking) hasn’t been directly assessed; both of which can assist in predicting future moral decision-making. In the present research, we empirically test (Study 1, N = 41) whether downregulating negative emotionality through pharmacological interventions using lorazepam (a GABA receptor agonist), modulate the permissibility of harm to others –i.e. if participants find it more morally permissible to harm others when harm is unavoidable (inevitable harm moral dilemmas), than when it may be avoided (evitable harm moral dilemmas). Furthermore, using another sample (Study 2, N = 31), we assess whether lorazepam’s effect is modulated by different perspective-taking conditions during a moral dilemma task –e.g. “is it morally permissible for you to […]?” (1st person perspective), relative to “is it morally permissible for [x individual] to […]?” (3rd person perspective)–, where the outcome of the different scenarios is controlled. The results of both studies converge, revealing an emotion-dependent, rather than an outcome-dependent, pharmacological modulation. Lorazepam only influenced interpersonal moral judgments when not modulated by the evitable/inevitable condition. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between perspective-taking and drug administration, as lorazepam exerted a larger effect in modulating moral choices rather than moral judgements.
Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz
Authors: Lages João , Chacón Zoraida , Ramirez Julian , Aiuppa Alessandro , Arellano Santiago , Bitetto Marcello , Peña Julián O. , Coppola Diego , Laiolo Marco , Massimetti Francesco , Castaño Lina , Laverde Carlos , Tamburello Giancarlo , Giudice Gaetano , Lopez Cristian
Published: January 2024

This study combines volcanic gas compositions, SO2 flux and satellite thermal data collected at Nevado del Ruiz between 2018 and 2021. We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO2 compositions (avg. CO2/ST ratios of 5.4 ± 1.9) throughout. Our degassing models support that the CO2/ST ratio variability derives from volatile exsolution from andesitic magma stored in the 1–4 km depth range. Separate ascent of CO2-rich gas bubbles through shallow (< 1 km depth), viscous, conduit resident magma causes the observed excess degassing. We infer that degassing of ~ 974 mm3 of shallow (1–4 km) stored magma has sourced the elevated SO2 degassing recorded during 2018–2021 (average flux ~ 1548 t/d). Of this, only < 1 mm3 of magma have been erupted through dome extrusion, highlighting a large imbalance between erupted and degassed magma. Escalating deep CO2 gas flushing, combined with the disruption of passive degassing, through sudden accumulation and pressurization of bubbles due to lithostatic pressure, may accelerate volcanic unrest and eventually lead to a major eruption.
Discovery of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of chronic Chagas heart disease via a small RNA-Seq approach
Authors: Villar Silvina R. , Herreros-Cabello Alfonso , Callejas-Hernández Francisco , Maza María C. , del Moral-Salmoral Javier , Gómez-Montes Mario , Rodríguez-Angulo Héctor O. , Carrillo Irene , Górgolas Miguel , Bosch-Nicolau Pau , Molina Israel , Pérez-Molina José A. , Monge-Maillo Begoña , Bottasso Oscar A. , Beloscar Juan , Pérez Ana R. , Fresno Manuel , Gironès Núria
Published: January 2024

Chagas disease affects approximately 7 million people worldwide in Latin America and is a neglected tropical disease. Twenty to thirty percent of chronically infected patients develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy decades after acute infection. Identifying biomarkers of Chagas disease progression is necessary to develop better therapeutic and preventive strategies. Circulating microRNAs are increasingly reliable biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets. To identify new circulating microRNAs for Chagas disease, we performed exploratory small RNA sequencing from the plasma of patients and performed de novo miRNA prediction, identifying potential new microRNAs. The levels of the new microRNAs temporarily named miR-Contig-1519 and miR-Contig-3244 and microRNAs that are biomarkers for nonchagasic cardiomyopathies, such as miR-148a-3p and miR-224-5p, were validated by quantitative reverse transcription. We found a specific circulating microRNA signature defined by low miR-Contig-3244, miR-Contig-1519, and miR-148a-3 levels but high miR-224-5p levels for patients with chronic Chagas disease. Finally, we predicted in silico that these altered circulating microRNAs could affect the expression of target genes involved in different cellular pathways and biological processes, which we will explore in the future.
Regional differences in fishing behavior determine whether a marine reserve network enhances fishery yield
Authors: Lenihan Hunter S. , Reed Daniel C. , Vigo Maria , Leiphardt Callie , Hofmiester Jennifer K. K. , Gallagher Jordan P. , Voss Chris , Moore Peyton , Miller Robert J.
Published: January 2024

A network of marine reserves can enhance yield in depleted fisheries by protecting populations, particularly large, old spawners that supply larvae for interspersed fishing grounds. The ability of marine reserves to enhance sustainable fisheries is much less evident. We report empirical evidence of a marine reserve network improving yield regionally for a sustainable spiny lobster fishery, apparently through the spillover of adult lobsters and behavioral adaptation by the fishing fleet. Results of a Before-After, Control-Impact analysis found catch, effort, and Catch-Per-Unit Effort increased after the establishment of marine reserves in the northern region of the fishery where fishers responded by fishing intensively at reserve borders, but declined in the southern region where they vacated once productive fishing grounds. The adaptation of the northern region of the fishery may have been aided by a history of collaboration between fishers, scientists, and managers, highlighting the value of collaborative research and education programs for preparing fisheries to operate productively within a seascape that includes a large marine reserve network.
Tree size distribution as the stationary limit of an evolutionary master equation
Authors: Kelemen Szabolcs , Józsa Máté , Hartel Tibor , Csóka György , Néda Zoltán
Published: January 2024

The diameter distribution of a given species of deciduous trees is well approximated by a Gamma distribution. Here we give new experimental evidence for this conjecture by analyzing deciduous tree size data in mature semi-natural forest and ancient, traditionally managed wood-pasture from Central Europe. These distribution functions collapse on a universal shape if the tree sizes are normalized to the mean value in the considered sample. A new evolutionary master equation is used to model the observed distribution. The model incorporates four ecological processes: tree growth, mortality, recruitment, and diversification. Utilizing simple and realistic kernel functions describing the first three, along with an assumed multiplicative dilution due to diversification, the stationary solution of the master equation yields the experimentally observed Gamma distribution. The model as it is formulated allows an analytically compact solution and has only two fitting parameters whose values are consistent with the experimental data related to these processes. We found that the equilibrium size distribution of tree species with different ecology, originating from two contrastingly different semi-natural ecosystem types can be accurately described by a single dynamical mean-field model.
Identification of important genes related to HVSMC proliferation and migration in graft restenosis based on WGCNA
Authors: Liu Xiankun , Qin Mingzhen , Chen Qingliang , Jiang Nan , Wang Lianqun , Bai Yunpeng , Guo Zhigang
Published: January 2024

The great saphenous vein is the most commonly used vessel for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but its use has been associated with a high restenosis rate at 10-year follow-up. This study sought to determine the key genes associated with vein graft restenosis that could serve as novel therapeutic targets. A total of 3075 upregulated and 1404 downregulated genes were identified after transcriptome sequencing of three pairs of restenosed vein grafts and intraoperative spare great saphenous veins. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that the floralwhite module had the highest correlation with vein graft restenosis. The intersection of the floralwhite module gene set and the upregulated gene set contained 615 upregulated genes strongly correlated with vein graft restenosis. Protein–protein interaction network analysis identified six hub genes (ITGAM, PTPRC, TLR4, TYROBP, ITGB2 and CD4), which were obtained using the STRING database and CytoHubba. Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses showed that the common hub genes were mainly involved in the composition of the cell membrane; in biological processes such as neutrophil degranulation, receptor binding and intercellular adhesion, innate immune deficiency; and other signaling pathways. Finally, ITGB2 was selected as the target gene, and its expression was verified in tissues. The results showed that ITGB2 was significantly overexpressed in occluded vein grafts. To study the function of ITGB2 in HVSMCs, primary HVSMCs were cultured and successfully identified. EdU incorporation, wound healing and transwell assays showed that ITGB2 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HVSMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB. Overall, our study provides a basis for future studies on preventing restenosis following CABG.
Chemotherapy is of prognostic significance to metaplastic breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Meilin , Yuan Jingjing , Wang Maoli , Zhang Mingdi , Chen Hongliang
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the significance of chemotherapy (CT) among metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC), and to compare the survival outcomes between triple negative MpBC (MpBC-TNBC) and triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC-TNBC). SEER database was indexed to identify female unilateral primary MpBC diagnosed from 2010 to 2017. Patients were classified into neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with response (NAC-response), NAC-no response, adjuvant chemotherapy, and no CT. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Cox regression was used to evaluate the independent prognostic factors. A 1:4 propensity score matching method was adopted to balance baseline differences. Altogether 1186 MpBC patients were enrolled, among them 181 received NAC, 647 received adjuvant CT and 358 did not receive any CT. Chemotherapy was an independent favorable prognostic factor. NAC-response and adjuvant CT had a significant or an obvious trend of survival improvement compared with NAC-no response or no CT. MpBC-TNBC was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor compared with IDC-TNBC. Among them, there was significant or trend of survival improvement among all TNBCs receiving NAC or adjuvant CT compared with no CT. Chemotherapy was of important significance to MpBC prognosis and should be integrated in comprehensive treatment for MpBC.
Quantifying peatland land use and CO2 emissions in Irish raised bogs: mapping insights using Sentinel-2 data and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Habib Wahaj , Ingle Ruchita , Saunders Matthew , Connolly John
Published: January 2024

Ireland has > 50% of the EU’s ocean-raised bogs; however, degradation through land-use activities has transformed them from carbon (C) sinks to sources. Given their significant role in climate mitigation, it is essential to quantify the emissions resulting from land use degradation of these ecosystems. A seven-class land-use classification system for Irish peatlands (LUCIP) was developed and mapped using Sentinel-2 imagery, random forest machine learning and Google Earth Engine. The results revealed that agricultural grassland comprised 43% of the land use on raised bogs, followed by, forestry (21%), cutover (11%), cutaway (10%) remnant peatlands (13%), waterbodies and built-up ~ 1% each. The overall accuracy of the map was 89%. The map was used to estimate CO2 emissions for four classes constituting 85% of raised bogs: cutover, cutaway, grassland, and forestry using the IPCC wetlands supplement and literature-based emission factors, we estimated emissions at ~ 1.92 (± 1.58–2.27 Mt CO2-C-yr−1) and ~ 0.68 Mt CO2-C-yr−1 (± 0.44–0.91 Mt CO2-C-yr−1) respectively. This is the first study to spatially quantify land use and related emissions from raised bogs. The results have revealed widespread degradation of these globally rare habitats, making them net emitters of CO2. The map is vital for the conservation of these ecosystems through restoration efforts, and the methodology can also be applied to other regions with similar peatland land use issues.
Pressure dependence of metal–silicate partitioning explains the mantle phosphorus abundance
Authors: Ikuta Nagi , Sakamoto Naoya , Tagawa Shoh , Hirose Kei , Tsutsumi Yutaro , Yokoo Shunpei , Yurimoto Hisayoshi
Published: January 2024

Previous experiments performed below 20 GPa suggested that the metal/silicate partition coefficient of phosphorus (P), DP, extrapolated to typical high-pressure and -temperature conditions of the Earth’s core formation gives too high P concentration in the core unless a large amount of silicon was included in metals. Here we examined DP between liquid metal and coexisting molten silicate at 27–61 GPa and 3820–4760 K, corresponding to conditions of core-forming metal segregation from silicate, by measuring recovered samples using a high-resolution imaging technique coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that the pressure dependence of DP changes from positive to negative above 15 GPa, likely because of an increase in the coordination number of P5+ in silicate melt. With the present new partitioning data, the observed mantle P abundance may indicate ~ 0.2 wt% P in the core, consistent with the cosmo-/geochemical estimates, based on both single-stage and multi-stage core formation models without involving high amounts of silicon in metals.
Sodium fluoride preserves blood metabolite integrity for biomarker discovery in large-scale, multi-site metabolomics investigations
Authors: Xiong Wenzheng , Anthony Daniel C. , Anthony Suzie , Ho Thi Bao Tien , Louis Edouard , Satsangi Jack , Radford-Smith Daniel E.
Published: January 2024

Fluoride oxalate tubes maintained stable glucose and lactate levels in blood for 24 hours, minimizing preanalytical variation. Such tubes offer a viable option for delayed processing in metabolomic studies.
N-2,6-Di(isopropyl)phenyl-2-azaphenalenyl radical cations
Authors: Inoue Takeru , Matsuura Yuuka , Horii Koki , Konishi Akihito , Nishida Jun-ichi , Yasuda Makoto , Kawase Takeshi
Published: January 2024

A N-2,6-di(isopropyl)phenyl-2-azaphenalenyl radical cation was obtained as a dark brown solid and shows highly aromatic character.
Non-CO2 greenhouse gas separation using advanced porous materials
Authors: Zhao Yan-Long , Zhang Xin , Li Mu-Zi , Li Jian-Rong
Published: January 2024

Non-CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation and recovery with advanced porous materials (MOFs, COFs, HOFs, POPs, etc.) would significantly contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and gain economic benefits concurrently.
Stable Ni nanocrystals on porous single-crystalline MgO particles for enhanced dry reforming activity and durability of CH4/CO2
Authors: Zhang Suning , Cheng Fangyuan , Xie Kui
Published: January 2024

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has garnered significant interest due to its potential for the efficient conversion of the greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 into valuable chemical compounds, offering substantial economic prospects.
Cu(ii) flavonoids as potential photochemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Das Namisha , Bora Bidisha , Upadhyay Aarti , Das Dhananjay , Bera Arpan , Goswami Tridib K.
Published: January 2024

Cu(ii) flavonoid complexes having phenanthroline bases display significant visible-light assisted cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells with low dark toxicity via ROS mediated cell death.
Aspergillus fumigatus ZrfC Zn(ii) transporter scavengers zincophore-bound Zn(ii)
Authors: Garstka Kinga , Potoczniak Gabriela , Kozłowski Henryk , Rowińska-Żyrek Magdalena
Published: January 2024

In A. fumigatus, the affinity of Zn(ii) binding to the ZrfC transporter is higher than its affinity towards the Aspf2 zincophore.
On the mechanism of action of arsenoplatins: arsenoplatin-1 binding to a B-DNA dodecamer
Authors: Troisi Romualdo , Tito Gabriella , Ferraro Giarita , Sica Filomena , Massai Lara , Geri Andrea , Cirri Damiano , Messori Luigi , Merlino Antonello
Published: January 2024

Crystallographic and spectrometric studies of AP-1, cisplatin and transplatin binding to a B-DNA double helix dodecamer are reported.
Estimation of summer CO2 emission from the littoral of lakes of different trophic levels in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Puczko Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

Evaluating the extent of CO2 emissions from lakes exhibiting diverse trophic levels is essential for advancing our current understanding of the influence of ecological and climatic processes on these ecosystems.
High-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by artificial intelligence for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Dong Jianpei , Hou Hongwei , Huang Lu , Li Jinghong
Published: January 2024

This review outlines the current advances of high-throughput microfluidic systems accelerated by AI. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in this field are critically discussed as well.
Soft–hard dual nanophases: a facile strategy for polymer strengthening and toughening
Authors: Ji Guangyao , Sang Mingyu , Zhang Xuhui , Huang Jing , Li Ting , Wang Yang , Wang Shibo , Dong Weifu
Published: January 2024

Soft–hard dual nanophases are constructed in PLA, leading to the synchronously improved stiffness, ductility and toughness. This work contributes to constructing nanostructure in polymers and overcoming the trade-off between stiffness and ductility.
Mo-X4 (X = O, NH and S)-mediated triphenylene-based two-dimensional carbon-rich conjugate frameworks for an efficient nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Qiao Man , Xie Jiachi , Zhu Dongdong
Published: January 2024

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) activities of two-dimensional carbon-rich conjugate frameworks (2D-CCFs) can be regulated by changing the atoms X (X = O, NH and S) in the Mo-X4 motifs.
Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of rGO/NiO/Ag nanocomposite for degradation of methylene blue dye
Authors: Singh Durgesh , Batoo Khalid Mujasam , Hussain Sajjad , Kumar Anjan , Aziz Qusay Husam , Sheri Fatime Satar , Tariq Hayder , Singh Parminder
Published: January 2024

The current study focuses on boosting the photocatalytic ability of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by decorating the rGO nano-sheets with nickel oxide (NiOx) and silver (Ag) nanomaterials.
Experimental and in silico insights: interaction of dimethyl sulphoxide with 1-hexyl-2-methyl imidazolium bromide/1-octyl-2-methyl imidazolium bromide at different temperatures
Authors: Panda Itishree , Behera Bikash Ranjan , Jena Debasmita , Behera Santosh Kumar , Samal Sangram Keshari , Pradhan Sanghamitra
Published: January 2024

Experimental and in silico approaches to investigate the interaction between the designed ILs and non-aqueous solvent, DMSO.
Electrochemical detection and removal of brilliant blue dye via photocatalytic degradation and adsorption using phyto-synthesized nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Kashif Ali , Shah Afzal , Nisar Jan
Published: January 2024

A sensitive electrochemical platform is sensing brilliant blue dye and monitors its removal from wastewater by degradation and adsorption processes.
Self-assembled nanovesicles based on chiral bis-H8-BINOL for Fe3+ recognition and secondary recognition of l-cysteine by 1 + 1 complex
Authors: Tao Jisheng , Wang Huizhen , Sun Yue , Sun Xiaoxia , Hu Yu
Published: January 2024

A novel fluorescent “off” sensor, R-β-d-1, was obtained in high yield (91.2%) by using octahydronaphthol as a backbone, introducing an alkyne group at the 2-position, and linking azido-glucose via a click reaction.
Electronic and magnetic properties of GeS monolayer effected by point defects and doping
Authors: Bui Phuong Thuy , Van On Vo , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Hoat D. M.
Published: January 2024

The effect of point defects (vacancy and antisites) and doping (with transition metals and pnictogen atoms) on GeS monolayer electronic and magnetic properties are systematically investigated.
Identifying the active sites and intermediates on copper surfaces for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Kim Yohan , Ko Jinyoung , Shim Minyoung , Park Jiwon , Shin Hyun-Hang , Kim Zee Hwan , Jung Yousung , Byon Hye Ryung
Published: January 2024

The catalytic active sites on metallic Cu are investigated for facilitating nitrate reduction reaction using electrochemical examinations, operando SHINERS, and DFT simulation.
Experimental characterization and fractional modelling of anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers under the influence of temperature and magnetic fields
Authors: Izadifard Mohammad Hossein , Norouzi Mahmood , Ghatee Mojtaba , Nazari Mohammad Bagher , Alimardan Amirmasoud
Published: January 2024

The multifaceted influence of combined variables on the mechanical-magnetorheological properties of isotropic and anisotropic MREs in a shear state is probed in this research.
Ruthenium single atoms implanted on NiS2-FeS2 nanosheet heterostructures for efficacious water electrolysis
Authors: Ghising Ram Babu , Pan Uday Narayan , Kandel Mani Ram , Dhakal Purna Prasad , Sidra Saleem , Kim Do Hwan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: January 2024

Ruthenium single atoms implanted on NiS2-FeS2 nanosheet heterostructures for efficacious water electrolysis.
A novel asymmetrical multilayered composite electrolyte for high-performance ambient-temperature all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , Tan Jiewen , Cui Jiawu , Xie Keyu , Bai Yunfei , Jia Zhanhui , Gao Xiangwen , Wu Yuping , Tang Wei
Published: January 2024

A novel MSCE is designed by introducing a PEO layer against the cathode and a “self-sacrifice” PPC layer against the anode.
Plasmonic biochips with enhanced stability in harsh environments for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen
Authors: Yeh I-Hsiu , Shi Hui-Fang , Darius Evan , Lien Mei-Chin , Lu Yin-Cheng , Wang Congzhou , Liu Keng-Ku
Published: January 2024

We describe the utilization of a biopolymer-preserved plasmonic biosensor with improved environmental stability for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
Intrinsic ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature in two dimensional XCrY3 (X = Al, Ga, In; Y = S, Se, Te) monolayers
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Peidong , Liu Hui , Zhu Zhengjian , Zheng Qingxiang , Chen Haibing , Yi Haiyan , Liao Jujian , Guo Guanghua
Published: January 2024

Magnetic moments and specific heat capacity as a function of temperature for monolayer InCrTe3via Monte Carlo simulations. And side views of the XCrY3 (X = Al, Ga, In; Y = S, Se, Te) monolayers’ geometric structure.
Lattice dynamics in chiral tellurium by linear and circularly polarized Raman spectroscopy: crystal orientation and handedness
Authors: Spirito Davide , Marras Sergio , Martín-García Beatriz
Published: January 2024

Linearly and circularly polarized Raman spectroscopy allows to identify crystallographic faces, chiral axis orientation and crystal handedness of chiral tellurium, interesting toward the development of multifunctional devices.
Molecular design, synthesis, properties, and applications of organic triplet emitters exhibiting blue, green, red and white room-temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Stanitska Mariia , Volyniuk Dmytro , Minaev Boris , Agren Hans , Grazulevicius Juozas V.
Published: January 2024

Theoretical and experimental approaches for the development of organic room temperature phosphorescence compounds exhibiting blue, green, red, and white emissions for many potential applications are analysed and classified.
Relation of Speech-Language Profile and Communication Modality to Participation of Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Allison Kristen M. , Doherty Kayla M. ,   for the Cerebral Palsy Research Network
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to examine the contribution of speech motor impairment (SMI), language impairment, and communication modality to communicative and overall participation outcomes in school-age children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method:

Eighty-one caregivers of children with CP provided information about their child's speech and language skills, communication modality, and participation through a web-based survey. Caregiver responses to two validated scales were used to quantify children's communicative participation and overall participation. Children were classified into four speech-language profile groups and three communication modality groups for comparison, based on caregiver-reported information regarding their child's communication skills.

Results:

Children with CP who had co-occurring SMI and language impairment had significantly lower levels of communicative participation and involvement in activities overall, compared to children with SMI alone. Among children with SMI, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) use was associated with greater overall frequency of participation and involvement in life activities.

Conclusion:

Children with CP who have both SMI and language impairment and those who are nonspeaking communicators should be prioritized early for communication interventions focused on maximizing participation, including consideration of AAC.
Defect recognition of oil‐pressboard insulation based on frequent arc reignition phenomenon under switching impulse voltage
Authors: Li Simeng , Zhang Yukun , Jia Yunfei , Ji Shengchang , Han Yanhua , Wang Wensen
Published: January 2024

In the past three years, a number of oil‐immersed ultra‐high‐voltage shunt reactors have experienced discharge defects when being put into operation, resulting in an overload of acetylene. However, detecting and identifying these discharge defects caused by switching impulse voltage is challenging under steady‐state conditions. This poses unpredictable and difficult‐to‐assess safety risks for the longterm operation of the equipment and subsequent transient processes. Hence, comprehending the discharge behavior of oil‐pressboard (PB) insulation under switching impulse voltage and devising a method to identify defects becomes crucial. This study focuses on investigating the frequent arc reignition (FAR) pattern exhibited by typical defects under both standard and oscillation switching impulse voltages. The objective is to uncover the mechanism behind FAR and propose a defect recognition strategy suitable for transient processes. The study reveals the FAR process will occur at least once during the breakdown process; the FAR phenomenon is the weakest in the surface defect with a weak vertical electric field. The average recovery voltage percentage and the average discharge interval of the FAR process decrease with increasing impulse amplitude or oscillation frequency. Additionally, the average number of discharges decreases with higher oscillation frequency, while it initially increases and then decreases with increaseing amplitude. Based on the analysis of the number of FAR processes and their variation in terms of amplitude or discharge interval, a method for recognizing oil‐PB defects during switching transient processes is developed and successfully applied to a case study involving acetylene overload in a 1000 kV shunt reactor.
Optical spectroscopy of blazars for the Cherenkov Telescope Array – III
Authors: D’Ammando F. , Goldoni P. , Max-Moerbeck W. , Becerra González J. , Kasai E. , Williams D. A. , Alvarez-Crespo N. , Backes M. , Barres de Almeida U. , Boisson C. , Cotter G. , Fallah Ramazani V. , Hervet O. , Lindfors E. , Mukhi-Nilo D. , Pita S. , Splettstoesser M. , van Soelen B.
Published: January 2024

Context.Blazars, which include BL Lacs and flat-spectrum radio quasars, represent the brightest persistent extragalactic sources in the high-energy (HE; 10 MeV–100 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE;E > 100 GeV)γ-ray sky. Due to their almost featureless optical/UV spectra, it is challenging to measure the redshifts of BL Lacs. As a result, about 50% ofγ-ray BL Lacs lack a firm measurement of this property, which is fundamental for population studies, indirect estimates of the extragalactic background light, and fundamental physics probes (e.g., searches for Lorentz-invariance violation or axion-like particles).

Aims.This paper is the third in a series of papers aimed at determining the redshift of a sample of blazars selected as prime targets for future observations with the next generation, ground-based VHEγ-ray astronomy observatory, Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). The accurate determination of the redshift of these objects is an important aid in source selection and planning of future CTAO observations.

Methods.Promising targets were selected following a sample selection obtained with Monte Carlo simulations of CTAO observations. The selected targets were expected to be detectable with CTAO in observations of 30 h or less. We performed deep spectroscopic observations of 41 of these blazars using the Keck II, Lick, SALT, GTC, and ESO/VLT telescopes. We carefully searched for spectral lines in the spectra and whenever features of the host galaxy were detected, we attempted to model the properties of the host galaxy. The magnitudes of the targets at the time of the observations were also compared to their long-term light curves.

Results.Spectra from 24 objects display spectral features or a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). From these, 12 spectroscopic redshifts were determined, ranging from 0.2223 to 0.7018. Furthermore, 1 tentative redshift (0.6622) and 2 redshift lower limits atz > 0.6185 andz > 0.6347 were obtained. The other 9 BL Lacs showed featureless spectra, despite the high S/N (≥100) observations. Our comparisons with long-term optical light curves tentatively suggest that redshift measurements are more straightforward during an optical low state of the active galactic nucleus. Overall, we have determined 37 redshifts and 6 spectroscopic lower limits as part of our programme thus far.
ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z  ∼  3
Authors: Pensabene A. , Cantalupo S. , Cicone C. , Decarli R. , Galbiati M. , Ginolfi M. , de Beer S. , Fossati M. , Fumagalli M. , Lazeyras T. , Pezzulli G. , Travascio A. , Wang W. , Matthee J. , Maseda M. V.
Published: January 2024

Submillimeter surveys toward overdense regions in the early Universe are essential for uncovering the obscured star formation and the cold gas content of assembling galaxies within massive dark matter halos. In this work, we present deep ALMA mosaic observations covering an area of ∼2′×2′ around MUSE Quasar Nebula 01 (MQN01), one of the largest and brightest Ly-α emitting nebulae discovered thus far; it surrounds a radio-quiet quasar at z ≃ 3.25. Our observations target the 1.2 and the 3 mm dust continuum as well as the carbon monoxide CO(4–3) transition in galaxies in the vicinity of the quasar. We identify a robust sample of 11 CO-line-emitting galaxies (including a closely separated quasar companion) that lie within ±4000 km s−1 of the quasar systemic redshift. A fraction of these objects were missed in previous deep rest-frame optical/UV surveys, which highlights the critical role of (sub)millimeter imaging. We also detect a total of 11 sources revealed in the dust continuum at 1.2 mm; six of them have either high-fidelity spectroscopic redshift information from rest-frame UV metal absorptions or the CO(4–3) line that places them in the same narrow redshift range. A comparison of the CO luminosity function and 1.2 mm number count density with those of the general fields points to a galaxy overdensity of δ > 10. We find evidence of a systematic flattening at the bright end of the CO luminosity function with respect to the trend measured in blank fields. Our findings reveal that galaxies in dense regions at z ∼ 3 are more massive and significantly richer in molecular gas than galaxies in fields, which enables a faster and accelerated assembly. This is the first in a series of studies aimed at characterizing one of the densest regions of the Universe found so far at z > 3.
Quantitative grain size estimation on airless bodies from the negative polarization branch
Authors: Bach Yoonsoo P. , Ishiguro Masateru , Takahashi Jun , Geem Jooyeon , Kuroda Daisuke , Naito Hiroyuki , Kwon Jungmi
Published: January 2024

Context.Sunlight scattered from the surface of an airless body is generally partially polarized, and the corresponding polarization state includes information about the scattering surface, such as albedo, surface grain sizes, composition, and taxonomic types. Most polarimetric studies on airless bodies thus far have focused on optical wavelengths (λ≲ 1 µm).

Aims.We conducted polarimetry of two large airless bodies, the Dawn mission targets (1) Ceres and (4) Vesta, in the near-infrared region. We further investigated the change in the polarimetric phase curves over the wavelengths expected from previous works.

Methods.We used the Nishiharima Infrared Camera (NIC) installed at the Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory (NHAO) to observe these objects at multiple geometric configurations in theJ,H, andKsbands (λ ~1.2–2.3 µm).

Results.Polarimetric parameters were determined and compared with previously reported experimental results. In particular, Vesta exhibits a characteristic change in the negative polarization branch as the wavelength increases to theKsband, which we interpret as an indication of the dominant existence ofD~ 10–20 µm particles. Our approach is supported by empirical reasoning and coincides well with an independent, theory-driven approach based on thermal modeling.

Conclusions.This work demonstrates how near-infrared polarimetry can be utilized to quantitatively determine the particle size of airless objects. This finding will have important implications for asteroid taxonomy and regolith evolution.
Douglas–Rachford algorithm for control-constrained minimum-energy control problems
Authors: Burachik Regina S. , Caldwell Bethany I. , Yalçin Kaya C.
Published: January 2024

Splitting and projection-type algorithms have been applied to many optimization problems due to their simplicity and efficiency, but the application of these algorithms to optimal control is less common. In this paper we utilize the Douglas–Rachford (DR) algorithm to solve control-constrained minimum-energy optimal control problems. Instead of the traditional approach where one discretizes the problem and solves it using large-scale finite-dimensional numerical optimization techniques we split the problem in two subproblems and use the DR algorithm to find an optimal point in the intersection of the solution sets of these two subproblems hence giving a solution to the original problem. We derive general expressions for the projections and propose a numerical approach. We obtain analytic closed-form expressions for the projectors of pure, under-, critically- and over-damped harmonic oscillators. We illustrate the working of our approach to solving not only these example problems but also a challenging machine tool manipulator problem. Through numerical case studies, we explore and propose desirable ranges of values of an algorithmic parameter which yield smaller number of iterations.
Some Properties and Application of Cutset of a Graph
Authors: Vianney Any Herawati Maria
Published: January 2024

Graph theory is one of the most important and basic topics of discrete mathematics in Mathematics. In all sectors of science graph theory has a great impact. The common use of graphs occurs in Computer Science, Physic, Biology, Finance and Chemistry except within Mathematics itself. Our main objective is to represent the cut-set, another type of subgraph of a connected graph. If deleting a certain number of edges from a graph makes it disconnected, then those set of deleted edges are called the cutset of the graph. Properties of cut-sets and its application will be discussed. When examining the characteristics of communication and transportation networks, cut-sets are crucial, for instance if we want to know if there are any network weak points that may be strengthened.
Measurement Claim Reserving Insurance Contract in Accordance with IFRS 17 using Stochastic State Space Model
Authors: Ronnie Effendie Adhitya , ‘Alaiyya Hayyin Rafida
Published: January 2024

International Financial Reporting Standard 17 (IFRS 17) is a global accounting standard developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). It guides the accounting treatment of insurance contracts in financial statements. In IFRS 17, claim reserving is vital for measuring insurance contracts and determining the Contractual Service Margin (CSM). The claim reserving process involves estimating expected claim payouts over the contract’s duration. These estimates are crucial for calculating the liability for incurred claims and determining the CSM, representing unearned profit. Claim data is treated as ordered data by sorting the run-off triangle row-wise, resulting univariate time series with missing values. The state space model provides a framework for modeling time series, assuming system development over time. By taking the log of claim data so that the data is normally distributed, the lognormal state space model, along with Kalman recursion algorithms, can be applied for Incurred but Not Reported (IBNR) projections. The lognormal state space model’s IBNR reserve estimate is more precise and sufficient to compensate loss than the chain ladder method. Furthermore, the performance of the lognormal state space model outperforms the chain ladder method by means of model validation using RMSE, MAE, RSE, and R2.
Survey on Intrusion Tolerant Systems in Emerging Technologies
Authors: Sanoussi Nouhad , Orhanou Ghizlane
Published: January 2024

The wide spread of the Internet leads to the expansion of networks and the increase of data. For this reason, the use of emerging technologies became a necessity to cover the needs and the lapses in traditional systems. However, these systems might reveal security flaws and become vulnerable to attacks. Security is therefore essential to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of system data and services. As the attacks get more sophisticated, the protection gets more difficult. In fact, mechanisms such as Firewalls, IDSs, and IPSs are still ineffective against unknown attacks. Consequently, defense-in-depth security should include intrusion tolerance. The concern of intrusion tolerance is not how to defend or detect the intrusion, but how to mask or restrain the intrusion when the network has been intruded. Using three separate lines of approaches: Detection-Triggered, Algorithm-Driven, and Recovery Based, this paper will present, analyze, and contrast several works in two different environments: Cloud Computing and Software Defined Networks (SDNs), to proceed towards Intrusion Tolerant Systems (ITSs).
Quantifying active brain areas at spatial hearing process using Electroencephalography (EEG) source localization approach
Authors: Masitoh Masitoh , Suprijanto Suprijanto
Published: January 2024

The human ability for spatial hearing encourages the development of spatial audio technology to support many human activities. Spatial audio mimics the real-life sound and provides a more immersive hearing experience as if the listener were present in the environment where the sound source was recorded. Recently, research on how spatial hearing processes are encoded in the brain has begun to be developed. As a modality for brain activity measurement that is non-invasive and has a high temporal resolution, Electroencephalography (EEG) is suitable for studying brain responses to moving sound stimuli. This study compared brain activity in hearing stereo and spatial audio stimulus. Through measurements using 21 EEG electrodes on the scalp, the results showed an increase in the mean PSD for all Theta, Alpha, and Beta waves in the spatial audio stimulus compared to stereo audio. The most significant increase in the mean PSD occurred in the Beta wave of 93.8008 µV2/Hz. Furthermore, the source localization approach with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Low-resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) method was used to estimate and quantify the active brain area of this process. The results showed an activation of the non-auditory cortex when the subject was hearing spatial audio stimulus. By using Paired T-Test of current density for both hearing processes, the results showed there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in Brodmann area (BA) 41 (Primary Auditory Cortex) and BA 42 (Secondary Auditory Cortex). Meanwhile, for the spatial audio hearing process, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in BA 6 (Premotor Cortex), which is related to spatial orientation, and BA 9 (Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex), which is associated with executive functions, including working memory and selective attention. This study offers potential insights into spatial hearing research and immersive audio production.
Distribution amplitude and decay constant of 1S and 2S state light mesons in the light-front quark model
Authors: Syahbana Muhammad Fauzan , Arifi Ahmad Jafar , Mart Terry
Published: January 2024

Studying meson structures is essential for gaining insights into the nonperturbative nature of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This study will focus on calculating the decay constant and distribution amplitudes (DAs) of unflavored light mesons (π and ρ) in the 1S and 2S states using the Light Front Quark Model. This study utilizes the QCD-motivated Hamiltonian, taking into account both contact and smeared spin-spin interactions. The two lowest harmonic oscillator bases are employed in this work to achieve improved results for the 2S states. The study found the optimal mixing parameter in basis expansion coefficients to be θ = 10°. Light meson properties, including the mass spectrum, decay constant, and twist-2 DAs, are then predicted using model parameters fixed through the variational principle. While the contact spin-spin interaction yields poor accuracy, the results from the smeared interaction generally agree well with experimental data and other theoretical models with $ f_{\pi}^{1S}=130 $ MeV and $ f_{\rho}^{1S}=210 $ MeV in the mixed state. Unlike the case for the 1S state, it should be noted that the properties of the 2S state are sensitive to the mixing parameter θ. In addition, we observe that the decay constant for ρ(2S) is $ f_{\rho}^{2S}=116 $ MeV. While for π(2S) the decay constant is extremely small with the value of $ f_{\pi}^{2S}=0.9 $ MeV, which is mainly due to the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking.
Domain wall creep motion dynamics in CoFeB nanowire strips of different thicknesses using micromagnetic simulation approach
Authors: Nugraha Raditya , Djuhana Dede , Kurniawan Candra
Published: January 2024

Field-induced domain wall motion on thin magnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy has long been attributed with the universal creep theory, in which the domain wall (DW) is able to experience a slow-moving motion with driving fields below the depinning threshold. Despite the numerous research that has been conducted in regards to this phenomenon, creep motion thus far has yet to be observed on a typical single-layered magnetic film. The effects of the film’s thickness towards the creep motion are also scarcely explored. In this study, we conduct micromagnetic simulations of CoFeB nanowire strips with perpendicular anisotropy and varying thicknesses to investigate the dynamics of the creep motion being exhibited. We then analyze the obtained DW velocities and its’ agreement with the universal creep law equation. The velocities obtained with low driving fields is found to be in an agreement with the creep law equation. The varying thicknesses also seem to affect the overall DW velocity and DW width.
Rough paths and SPDE
Authors: Bailleul Ismael , Bellingeri Carlo , Bruned Yvain , Fermanian Adeline , Marie Nicolas
Published: January 2024

After a brief survey on rough paths theory, from the seminal paper of T. Lyons to its recent developments, this proceeding provides details on C. Bellingeri, Y. Bruned and A. Fermanian’s talks during the Journées MAS 2020: a new formulation and a generalization of the signature operator, an extension of branched rough paths called Volterra branched rough paths, and recurrent neural networks investigated as a kernel method thanks to the signature operator and neural ODEs.
Aspiration Pneumonia
Authors: Pan Di , Chung Samuel , Nielsen Erik , Niederman Michael S.
Published: January 2024

Aspiration pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that results from inhalation of foreign material, often gastric and oropharyngeal contents. It is important to distinguish this from a similar entity, aspiration with chemical pneumonitis, as treatment approaches may differ. An evolving understanding of the human microbiome has shed light on the pathogenesis of aspiration pneumonia, suggesting that dysbiosis, repetitive injury, and inflammatory responses play a role in its development. Risk factors for aspiration events involve a complex interplay of anatomical and physiological dysfunctions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary systems. Current treatment strategies have shifted away from anaerobic organisms as leading pathogens. Prevention of aspiration pneumonia primarily involves addressing oropharyngeal dysphagia, a significant risk factor for aspiration pneumonia, particularly among elderly individuals and those with cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.