bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of clouds and radiation in a large-scale atmospheric model using a cloud vertical structure classification
Authors: Lee Dongmin , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Cho Nayeong
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We revisit the concept of the cloud vertical structure (CVS) classes we have
previously employed to classify the planet's cloudiness (Oreopoulos et al.,
2017). The CVS classification reflects simple combinations of simultaneous
cloud occurrence in the three standard layers traditionally used to separate
low, middle, and high clouds and was applied to a dataset derived from
active lidar and cloud radar observations. This classification is now
introduced in an atmospheric global climate model, specifically a version of
NASA's GEOS-5, in order to evaluate the realism of its cloudiness and of the
radiative effects associated with the various CVS classes. Such classes can
be defined in GEOS-5 thanks to a subcolumn cloud generator paired with the
model's radiative transfer algorithm, and their associated radiative effects
can be evaluated against observations. We find that the model produces
50 % more clear skies than observations in relative terms and produces
isolated high clouds that are slightly less frequent than in observations,
but optically thicker, yielding excessive planetary and surface cooling. Low
clouds are also brighter than in observations, but underestimates of the
frequency of occurrence (by ∼20 % in relative terms) help
restore radiative agreement with observations. Overall the model better reproduces
the longwave radiative effects of the various CVS classes because
cloud vertical location is substantially constrained in the CVS framework.
Enforcing conservation of axial angular momentum in the atmospheric general circulation model CAM6
Authors: Toniazzo Thomas , Bentsen Mats , Craig Cheryl , Eaton Brian E. , Edwards Jim , Goldhaber Steve , Jablonowski Christiane , Lauritzen Peter H.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Numerical general circulation models of the atmosphere are generally
required to conserve mass and energy for their application to
climate studies.
Here we draw attention to another conserved global integral, viz.
the component of angular momentum (AM) along the Earth's axis of
rotation, which tends to receive less consideration.
We demonstrate the importance of global AM conservation in climate
simulations with the example of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM)
with the finite-volume (FV) dynamical core, which produces a
noticeable numerical sink of AM.
We use a combination of mathematical analysis and numerical
diagnostics to pinpoint the main source of AM non-conservation in
CAM–FV. We then present a method to enforce global conservation of
AM, and we discuss the results in a hierarchy of numerical
simulations of the atmosphere of increasing complexity.
In line with theoretical expectations, we show that even a crude,
non-local enforcement of AM conservation in the simulations
consistently results in the mitigation of certain persistent model
biases.
A universal multifractal approach to assessment of spatiotemporal extreme precipitation over the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Gao Guangyao , Fu Bojie , Wang Cong , Gupta Hoshin V. , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Rui
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Extreme precipitation (EP) is a major external agent driving various natural hazards in the Loess Plateau (LP), China. However, the characteristics of the spatiotemporal EP responsible for such hazardous situations remain poorly understood. We integrate universal multifractals with a segmentation algorithm to characterize a physically meaningful threshold for EP (EPT). Using daily data from 1961 to 2015, we investigate the spatiotemporal variation of EP over the LP. Our results indicate that (with precipitation increasing) EPTs range from 17.3 to 50.3 mm d−1, while the mean annual EP increases from 35 to 138 mm from the northwestern to the southeastern LP. Further, historically, the EP frequency (EPF) has spatially varied from 54 to 116 d, with the highest EPF occurring in the mid-southern and southeastern LP where precipitation is much more abundant. However, EP intensities tend to be strongest in the central LP, where precipitation also tends to be scarce, and get progressively weaker as we move towards the margins (similarly to EP severity). An examination of atmospheric
circulation patterns indicates that the central LP is the inland boundary with respect to the reach and impact of
tropical cyclones in China, resulting in the highest EP intensities and EP severities being observed in this area. Under the control of the East Asian monsoon, precipitation from June to September accounts for 72 % of the total amount, and 91 % of the total EP events are concentrated between June and August. Further, EP events occur, on average, 11 d earlier than the wettest part of the season. These phenomena are responsible for the most serious natural hazards in the LP, especially in the central LP region. Spatiotemporally, 91.4 % of the LP has experienced a downward trend in precipitation, whereas 62.1 % of the area has experienced upward trends in the EP indices, indicating the potential risk of more serious hazardous situations. The universal multifractal approach considers the physical processes and probability distribution of precipitation, thereby providing a formal framework for spatiotemporal EP assessment at the regional scale.
Aerodynamic Effects of Gurney Flaps on the Rotor Blades of a Research Wind Turbine
Authors: Alber Jörg , Soto-Valle Rodrigo , Manolesos Marinos , Bartholomay Sirko , Nayeri Christian Navid , Schönlau Marvin , Menzel Christian , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Twele Joachim , Fortmann Jens
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This paper investigates the aerodynamic impact of Gurney flaps on a research wind turbine of the Hermann-Föttinger Institute at the Technische Universität Berlin. The rotor radius is 1.5 meters and the blade configurations consist of the clean and the tripped baseline cases emulating the effects of forced leading edge transition. The wind tunnel experiments include three operation points based on tip speed ratios of 3.0, 4.3 and 5.6, reaching Reynold numbers of approximately 250,000. The measurements are taken by means of three different methods; Ultrasonic Anemometry in the wake, surface pressure taps in the mid-span blade region and strain gauges at the blade root. The retrofit application consists of two Gurney flap heights of 0.5 % and 1.0 % in relation to the chord length, which are implemented perpendicular to the pressure side at the trailing edge. As a result, the Gurney flap configurations evoke performance improvements in terms of the axial wake velocities, the angles-of-attack and the lift coefficients. The enhancement of the root bending moments imply an increase of both the rotor torque and the thrust. Furthermore, the aerodynamic impact appears to be more pronounced in the tripped case compared to the clean case. Gurney flaps are considered a worthwhile passive flow-control device in order to alleviate the adverse effects of early separation and leading edge erosion of horizontal axis wind turbines.
GOVERNANCE OF THE FACEBOOK PRIVACY CRISIS
Authors: Trautman Lawrence J.
Published: February 2020

In November 2018, The New York Times ran a front-page story describing how Facebook concealed knowledge and disclosure of Russian-linked activity and exploitation resulting in Kremlin led disruption of the 2016 and 2018 U.S. elections, through the use of global hate campaigns and propaganda warfare. By mid-December 2018, it became clear that the Russian efforts leading up to the 2016 U.S. elections were much more extensive than previously thought. Two studies conducted for the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI), by: (1) Oxford University’s Computational Propaganda Project and Graphika; and (2) New Knowledge, provide considerable new information and analysis about the Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA) influence operations targeting American citizens.By early 2019 it became apparent that a number of influential and successful high growth social media platforms had been used by nation states for propaganda purposes. Over two years earlier, Russia was called out by the U.S. intelligence community for their meddling with the 2016 American presidential elections. The extent to which prominent social media platforms have been used, either willingly or without their knowledge, by foreign powers continues to be investigated as this Article goes to press. Reporting by The New York Times suggests that it wasn’t until the Facebook board meeting held September 6, 2017 that board audit committee chairman, Erskin Bowles, became aware of Facebook’s internal awareness of the extent to which Russian operatives had utilized the Facebook and Instagram platforms for influence campaigns in the United States. As this Article goes to press, the degree to which the allure of advertising revenues blinded Facebook to their complicit role in offering the highest bidder access to Facebook users is not yet fully known. This Article can not be a complete chapter in the corporate governance challenge of managing, monitoring, and oversight of individual privacy issues and content integrity on prominent social media platforms. The full extent of Facebook’s experience is just now becoming known, with new revelations yet to come. All interested parties: Facebook users; shareholders; the board of directors at Facebook; government regulatory agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); and Congress must now figure out what has transpired and what to do about it. These and other revelations have resulted in a crisis for Facebook. American democracy has been and continues to be under attack. This article contributes to the literature by providing background and an account of what is known to date and posits recommendations for corrective action.
“George Antrobus”: Genius in a Name
Authors: Rojcewicz Stephen
Published: February 2020

By naming the protagonist of The Skin of Our Teeth “George Antrobus,” Thornton Wilder alludes to numerous multicultural and multilingual contexts. Although critics have noted that “Antrobus” derives from the Greek anthrōpos, this article details additional associations, including the Second Choral Ode in Sophocles's Antigone and the riddle of the Sphinx. Anthrōpos is the Greek Septuagint term for Adam and the New Testament basis of the “Son of Man.” “Antrobus” further derives from andra, the first word of The Odyssey, reinforcing the identification of Antrobus as a sea wanderer and hero. Sabina's question “whether we're all living back in caves” has its etymological basis in the Latin antrum, “cave.” The name “George Antrobus” is a synthesis of genius, signaling the relevance of epic, tragedy, mythology, religious scripture, and history to The Skin of Our Teeth—with only two words.
Detección de posible falla en la empinada colina de Ecoparque El Espino, La Libertad
Authors: Hernández Kevin , Aguilar Sergio Ernesto
Published: February 2020

Con el fin de investigar una posible falla en “Ecoparque el Espino”, una región dentro del complejo del volcán San Salvador, se realizó una tomografía de resistividad eléctrica utilizando una sola línea de exploración de electrodos en una matriz de Wenner. Se utilizó un inversor de software para producir secciones transversales bidimensionales de valores de resistividad a través de la línea de reconocimiento, mediante un método de optimización de mínimos cuadrados, con las respectivas correcciones topográficas. Los resultados muestran una distorsión de las líneas equipotenciales en una materia lineal en los primeros 20 metros del perfil, lo que indica que es muy probable que haya una falla con un ángulo de inclinación aparente de alrededor de 80 °.
Osborne-Cotterill Lesion a Forgotten Injury: Review Article and Case Report
Authors: Vargas Daniel Gaitán , Woodcock Santiago , Porto Guido Fierro , Gonzalez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

Osborne-Cotterill lesion is an osteochondral fracture located in the posterolateral margin of the humeral capitellum, which may be associated with a defect of the radial head after an elbow dislocation. This lesion causes instability by affecting the lateral ulnar collateral ligament over its capitellar insertion, which is associated with a residual capsular laxity, thereby leading to poor coverage of the radial head, and hence resulting in frequent dislocations. We present a 54-year-old patient, a physician who underwent trauma of the left elbow after falling from a bike and suffered a posterior dislocation fracture of the elbow. The patient subsequently presented episodes of instability, and additional work-up studies diagnosed the occurrence of Osborne-Cotterill lesion. An open reduction and internal fixation of the bony lesion was performed, with reinsertion of the lateral ligamentous complex. Three months after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic, having a flexion of 130º and extension of 0º, and resumed his daily activities without any limitation. Currently, the patient remains asymptomatic 2 years after the procedure. Elbow instability includes a large spectrum of pathological conditions that affect the biomechanics of the joint. The Osborne-Cotterill lesion is one among these conditions. It is a pathology that is often forgotten and easily overlooked. Undoubtedly, this lesion requires surgical intervention.
Surgical Options for Failed Rotator Cuff Repair, except Arthroplasty: Review of Current Methods
Authors: Kim Jangwoo , Ryu Yunki , Kim Sae Hoon
Published: February 2020

Although the prevalence of rotator cuff tears is dependent on the size, 11% to 94% of patients experience retear or healing failure after rotator cuff repair. Treatment of patients with failed rotator cuff repair ranges widely, from conservative treatment to arthroplasty. This review article attempts to summarize the most recent and relevant surgical options for failed rotator cuff repair patients, and the outcomes of each treatment, except arthroplasty.
Implementation of Differentiated Instruction in Middle School Classrooms: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Benjamin LaToya , Panesar-Aguilar Sunddip
Published: February 2020

Despite research on the benefits of implementing Differentiated Instruction (DI) practices within an inclusive classroom, many teachers do not utilize the practice regularly. An instrumental case study that included teachers from 1 middle school in a rural school district in a southeastern state was used as the qualitative research design in this study. The purpose was to explore rural middle school teachers’ experiences and challenges with incorporating the components of DI to support special education students in inclusion classrooms. Tomlinson’s model of DI as it relates to teachers providing responsive instruction to meet the needs of each of their students regardless of their ability was used as the conceptual framework. A purposeful sample of 10 middle school teachers Grades 6–8 from various content areas in the school participated in interviews, observations, and submitted documents for review. Data were coded and thematic relationships and patterns related to the DI framework emerged. Themes included concerns regarding teachers’ lack of knowledge and professional development for fidelity of implementation of DI with special needs students, insufficient resources to support implementation of DI, and concerns with class size and accommodation of DI needs of all students within an inclusion-based classroom. Based on the results, the research may contribute to positive social change by helping middle school teachers use the components of DI in their inclusion-based classes and by providing instructional support to enhance learning and increase academic success for special education students.
The Superior Capsular Reconstruction: Lessons Learned and Future Directions
Authors: Tokish John M. , Makovicka Justin L.
Published: February 2020

The ideal solution for the irreparable rotator cuff tear remains in question. A recent innovative technique, superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), has demonstrated promising results with some early clinical outcomes demonstrating statistically notable improvements in active forward flexion and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Multiple biomechanical studies have also demonstrated its ability to reduce superior translation of the humerus after massive rotator cuff tear. Even so, these results are still early and durability of the reconstruction over time needs to be determined. Although more than 15,000 SCRs have been done worldwide, there remains a paucity of outcome data and one must be vigilant to not allow enthusiasm to overtake critical evaluation. The potential mechanisms of action, including tenodesis effect, force coupler, or subacromial spacer, need further elucidation and the ideal indications for this procedure, as well as its technical optimization, and limitations have yet to be fully determined. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the biomechanical and clinical literature that has assessed SCR, along with the controversies and considerations encountered with this procedure.
Inequality and Democratic Support in Indonesia
Authors: Muhtadi Burhanuddin , Warburton Eve
Published: February 2020

Indonesia is a country of significant inequalities, but we know little about how Indonesians feel about the gap between rich and poor. Comparative research suggests that negative perceptions of inequality can erode public support for democratic institutions. Using survey data, we explore
the relationship between inequality and support for democracy in Indonesia. We find Indonesians are divided in their beliefs about income distribution. But this variation is not determined by actual levels of inequality around the country, nor by people's own economic situation; instead, political
preferences and partisan biases are what matter most. Beliefs about inequality in Indonesia have become increasingly partisan over the course of the Jokowi presidency: supporters of the political opposition are far more likely to view the income gap as unfair, while supporters of the incumbent
president tend to disagree—but they disagree much more when prompted by partisan cues. We also find that Indonesians who believe socio-economic inequality is unjust are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward democracy. We trace both trends back to populist campaigns and the increasingly
polarized ideological competition that marked the country's recent elections. The shift toward more partisan politics in contemporary Indonesia has, we argue, consequences for how voters perceive inequality and how they feel about the democratic status quo.
Study on Emotional Intelligence Levels of Physical Education Teachers in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: AKA Serkan T. , SARIER Adem
Published: February 2020

For teaching profession, one of the important types of intelligence is emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence levels of especially physical education teachers are expected to be high. The aim of this study is to examine emotional intelligence levels of physical education and sports teachers based on various variables. In this research, single screening model which is one of the General Survey models has been adopted. Population of the study consists of 320 Physical Education Teachers working in Ağrı in 2018-2019 academic years and its sample group consists of a total of 106 physical education teachers, of which 23 are female and 83 are male and who were selected from this population by random sampling method. “Personal Information Form” developed by researchers has been used in order to determine demographic characteristics of Physical Education Teachers, “Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale” developed by Schutte et al. (1998) has been used in order to measure their emotional intelligence levels. According to findings, it has been seen that emotional intelligence levels of physical education teachers differentiate significantly in favor of physical education and sports teachers do not have administrative function in sub-dimension of utilizations of emotions according to administrative function variable. It has been determined that there is no significant difference between them according to gender, age and professional experience, education grade which is worked in, educational level, marital status, status of doing sports and smoking variables. Consequently, it is seen that emotional intelligence levels of physical education teachers are above medium level and there is no difference between them in terms of other variables except variable of having administrative function.
The Foundations of the Internal Market: Free Trade Area and Customs Union under Articles 28-31 TFEU
Authors: Enchelmaier Stefan
Published: February 2020

The Foundations of the Internal Market: Free Trade Area and Customs Union under Articles 28-31 TFEU

This contribution places the provisions of the Treaty creating a free trade area and customs union between the Member States (Articles 28-31 TFEU) in their wider context. It then focuses on the interpretation of Article 30 in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Throughout, it casts sideways glances at corresponding provisions of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). As it turns out, the abolition of customs duties and charges having equivalent effect, and the establishment of a customs union between Member States, were important milestones in the development of European unification. They became overshadowed later by more spectacular developments in the case law on the free movement of goods, persons and services. As a consequence, the importance of the customs provisions is widely underrated. Brexit concentrates the minds in this respect, as an important economy is about to rearrange and even recreate the basic building blocks of its international trading relations.
O ESTADO ATUAL DA CIRURGIA ROBÓTICA COLORRETAL
Authors: Rezende Larissa Gonçalves , Médici Eduardo de Aquino , Rodrigues Beatriz Deoti e Silva
Published: February 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Nas últimas quatro décadas, houve um crescimento da cirurgia minimamente invasiva e, mais recentemente, da cirurgia assistida por robô. Mesmo com esses avanços alcançando diversas áreas, a maioria das cirurgias colorretais ainda são feitas por via aberta decorrente dos desafios técnicos e das incertezas sobre os desfechos das novas técnicas no resultado da cirurgia do câncer retal. DESENVOLVIMENTO: Analisar viabilidade, segurança e eficácia da robótica, com ênfase às suas aplicações na cirurgia colorretal por meio dos resultados publicados das variáveis taxas de complicações; de conversão; de reoperação; de mortalidade; de desfechos funcionais nas esferas urinária, sexual e fecal e oncológicas de sobrevida global ou livre da doença. METODOLOGIA: Revisão de literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e Cochrane. Os descritores foram “robotic”, “robotic versus laparoscopic” AND “colorectal surgery” e os estudos publicados selecionados foi a partir do ano de 2015. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparados os grupos da cirurgia robótica e laparoscópica nos quesitos de complicações e desfechos oncológicos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quando comparadas as complicações peri e pós-operatórias dos dois grupos. DISCUSSÃO: Na cirurgia robótica do câncer de reto, movimentos como o punho permitem destreza no manuseio da pelve. Embora permita recuperação, retorno à função intestinal normal e retomada da alimentação mais rápidos, os desfechos oncológicos são semelhantes pelas vias robótica, laparoscópica e aberta. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos pela cirurgia robótica são positivos, no mínimo equivalente ao que se faz. Por ser uma nova tecnologia, torna-se necessário avaliar por meio de estudos de alta qualidade, prospectivos randomizados controlados, os desfechos da cirurgia robótica colorretal e acompanhar a evolução e as novidades da robótica que estão por vir.
A EUTANÁSIA E O DIREITO DE ESCOLHA DO PACIENTE
Authors: Lugo Murilo Aparecido Andrade , Cordazzo Karine
Published: February 2020

Resumo: A Eutanásia em sua tradução Literal significa Boa Morte, e é um tema muito discutido na sociedade atual. Muitos acreditam que seja um ato de misericórdia para com o paciente que está sofrendo, outros que é um crime contra a vida. A proposta é que este trabalho estude e trate da Eutanásia, mais precisamente sobre o direito à prática da Eutanásia. Abordar-se-á no presente trabalho, a atual legislação e o anteprojeto (Projeto de Lei nº 236/12) do Código Penal, tipificando autonomamente a Eutanásia, por ser essa uma conduta revestida de sensibilidade e piedade, mas que apresenta uma série de pontos controversos, polêmicas e dúvidas. Aborda em seu principal escopo o direito sobre a vida e sobre a morte, quando e quais direitos devem triunfar, e razões, favoráveis ou contrárias a aplicabilidade da Eutanásia bem como aborda os conflitos constitucionais envolvendo tal tema no Brasil e quais são as possíveis soluções para tais conflitos. Além disso, há o estudo de quais países foram os pioneiros na legalização do instituto da Eutanásia, os motivos que levaram a essa legalização, os resultados provenientes da tipificação da Eutanásia nesses países e como podem servir de exemplo para que outros países sigam o mesmo caminho.

Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica  em livros, revistas e artigos para a realização do presente trabalho.

 

Abstract: Euthanasia in its literal translation means Good Death, and is a much discussed topic in today's society. More crimes are an act of mercy towards the patient who is suffering, others that is a crime against life. The proposal is this work of study of Euthanasia, more precisely for the right to practice Euthanasia. The current legislation and draft law no. 236/12 of the Penal Code will be approached in this work, typifying autonomy euthanasia, because this is a program that is sensitive and pitiful but presents a series of controversial points, controversies and doubts. It addresses, in its main scope, the right to life and death, when and those that fall into the triumph, and the reasons, favorable or contrary to an application of euthanasia, as well as its constitutional approach such conflicts , the legalization of the euthanasia institute must be taken seriously, the reasons that lead to this legalization, the results of the euthanasia typing, and the possibility of serving the example for the other countries follow the same path.

The research was bibliographical in books, magazines and articles for the accomplishment of the present work.
ECONOMIA E (DIREITO DO) TRABALHO EM UM CONTEXTO DE QUARTA REVOLUÇÃO INDUSTRIAL: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA LEI 13.467/17.
Authors: Oliveira Vicente de Paulo Alves de , Oliveira Ugo Briaca de
Published: February 2020

Contemplando um cenário de Revolução Industrial histórica, a qual alcança sua quarta versão, torna-se oportuno um estudo acerca de suas consequências práticas para os aparatos sociais voltados à economia, ao gerenciamento, à produção e ao trabalho. Para tanto, é necessário entender o caráter altamente correlacionado destes agentes, os quais funcionam em simbiose social interligada, proporcionalmente equivalente uns aos outros. De posse deste pano de fundo então, urge avançar para a construção de uma análise crítica acerca da reforma do trabalho, inaugurada pela Lei 13.467/13, visando então compreender quais são os seus propósitos e, sobretudo, se estes se sustentam em um ambiente de economia macro, a médio-longo prazo, num contexto de quarta Revolução Industrial. Em resumo, buscar concluir pela aplicação da Lei 13.467/13 no âmbito prático, e se esta de fato logra em promover o setor produtivo, atrelada às promessas de criação de novos postos de trabalho, por meio de sua implementação.
Antonio Candido por ele mesmo: a entrevista como momento de mediação
Authors: Cordeiro Marcos Rogério , Soares Ivanete Bernardino
Published: February 2020

Antonio Candido concedeu inúmeras entrevistas ao longo da vida, oportunidade para não somente aprofundar questões pontuais de sua produção intelectual, como também para estabelecer os devidos vínculos e implicações entre elas. Arranjados em tom coloquial e próximo, esses depoimentos apresentam uma profundidade inquestionável, colocando o papel das ideias em comunicação com o momento histórico vivido e a visão de mundo do autor. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o conteúdo desses depoimentos, procurando assim situar – por meio das considerações do próprio Antonio Candido – a posição como intelectual diante de seus objetos de reflexão e estudo, bem como a concepção de política, sociedade e educação, atentando para o seu caráter integrativo, pautado por um trabalho de mediação de conceitos e princípios que irão marcar a personalidade de nosso homenageado.
Entrevista para o Jornal Brasil de Fato
Authors: Brasil de Fato Jornal
Published: February 2020

Entrevista
A ‘Thick Description’ Genre Analysis of Death Announcement Notices
Authors: Salahshour Farzad Salahshour
Published: February 2020

As a universally recognized social practice, the discourse of the Death Announcement
Notice, henceforth DAN, is subject to macro-cultural and micro-contextual influences, and
consequently to various procedural strategies that shape its schematic structure. A ‘thick
description’, one which combines outsider theoretical models with insider experiential
knowledge was adopted for the analysis of a randomly compiled corpus of 50 DAN texts.
Based on Swales’ (1990) model of genre, eight schematic moves were discerned. The
researcher’s insider knowledge was employed to yield a deeper understanding of this social
practice.
La socialización diferencial emocional de género como factor predictor del carácter
Authors: Suberviola Ovejas Iratxe
Published: February 2020

Este artículo se enclava en la actual corriente que considera que el análisis de las competencias emocionales por cuestión de género necesita matización, puesto que en ocasiones los resultados aportados están referidos al “sexo” y no al “género”. En las siguientes páginas se realiza un análisis de diferentes investigaciones sobre competencias emocionales y la variable “sexo”/”género” estableciendo tres categorías: competencias emocionales y “sexo”; competencias emocionales y “género”; competencias emocionales y su relación con la socialización diferencial emocional de género.

Tras el análisis se apunta que teniendo en cuenta el vínculo entre las habilidades emocionales y la formación del carácter, el género sería un factor predictor de este.

This article follows the current that considers that the analysis of emotional competences and gender needs clarification because sometimes the results are referred to “sex” and not “gender”. This document is an analysis of different research about emotional competences and the variable “sex”/”gender”. There are three categories: emotional competences and “sex”; emotional competencies and “gender” and; emotional competencies and its relationship with the emotinal differential socialization of gender.

The analysis indicates, keep it in mind the bond between emotional habilities an character training, the gender would be a predictor of this.
Defying shame
Authors: Mortensen Signe Uldbjerg
Published: February 2020

This article gives voice to Mathilde, Karen and Amalie: Three young women who had intimate images of themselves shared non-consensually online. Their experi- ences help build a framework for categorising digital sexual assault (DSA), aswell as giving insight into how shame, in cases of DSA, connects to social media affordances. The empirical data was produced during four creative writing work- shops. The participants described their experiences during these workshops and they collectively developed strategies for defying shame. This article analyses their experiences of shame, their shame-defying strategies, and the role that social media played in forming types of aggressors and assault experiences. I present what I call the onlooker as a digitally augmented aggressor and I show how this aggressor inflicts shame through the look, as described by Sartre. This results in a discussion of imaginary, progressive contra-shaming, which is one of the four coping strategies that showed empowering potential in relation to DSA.
Sódio na muda induzida em galinhas poedeiras
Authors: Andreotti Lorena Zulian , Bittencourt Tatiana Marques , Lima Heder José D’Ávila , Valentim Jean Kaique , Quirino Caio Silva , Amaral Elieverson Firmiani Freitas
Published: February 2020

Objetivou-se avaliar a restrição dietética de sódio como método alternativo de muda induzida para galinhas poedeiras. Foram utilizadas 96 galinhas poedeiras (Hisex Brown) com 64 a 74 semanas de vida. As galinhas foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro dietas experimentais e seis repetições, com quatro aves por unidade. As dietas foram: 1 ( 15 dias com restrição de sódio), 2 (20 dias com restrição de sódio), 3 (25 dias com restrição de sódio), 4 (30 dias com restrição de sódio). Após 30 dias foi fornecida ração única para todos os tratamentos, atendendo as exigências nutricionais das aves. As variáveis avaliadas durante a muda foram: consumo de ração, ganho em peso, viabilidade e produção de ovos. E após o período de muda foram: consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por dúzia e massa de ovos, produção de ovos, peso dos ovos, variação do peso corporal, viabilidade das aves, gravidade específica e componente do ovo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram submetidos a uma análise de variância pelo programa SISVAR e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, e em seguida, efetuou-se a análise de regressão para os tratamentos avaliados. No período de muda não houve diferença em função da de restrição de sódio. Para os parâmetros de produção de ovos (%) e ovos comercializáveis, no período após a muda teve efeito significativo, para os demais não houve diferença. A restrição de sódio pode ser um método alternativo à muda convencional em galinhas poedeiras por aumentar a produção de ovos e o percentual de ovos comercializáveis no segundo ciclo de postura.
Tamanho médio de partícula da dieta: determinação, interpretação e efeitos para vacas leiteiras
Authors: Barreta Daniel Augusto
Published: February 2020

A fibra é um componente do alimento essencial para os ruminantes. Sua efetividade em promover a ruminação e salivação é fundamental para manutenção da saúde dos animais. Contudo, além da concentração de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), outras características físico-químicas dos alimentos são importantes para determinar a FDN fisicamente efetiva (FDNfe) da dieta, principalmente o tamanho da partícula. Neste sentido, é importante atentar-se à evolução do manuseio e interpretação dos resultados do conjunto de peneiras chamado Penn State Particle Separator, principal ferramenta prática utilizada para determinar o tamanho médio de partícula (TMP). A partir dessas constatações é possível implementar procedimentos que adequem o FDNfe das dietas e os processos de ensilagem. Estes ajustes podem atenuar problemas como a acidose ruminal, depressão da gordura do leite, seleção da dieta pelos animais, limitação física de ingestão, má compactação dos silos, entre outros. Desta forma, o objetivo desta revisão é realizar um apanhado evolutivo sobre os métodos para determinação do TMP e sua interpretação, além de discorrer sobre seus efeitos na nutrição de vacas leiteiras.
Problems of assessment of social and economic impacts from space technologies development (European experience)
Authors: Yanik Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2020

This papers analyses problems related to monitoring and evaluating social and economic impacts arising from the development of space economy, especially space technologies. Using the best practices of the European Space Agency, various approaches to creating evaluation systems are considered. Special attention is paid to the Copernicus Program, mainly to the ways of identifying, measuring, and assessing the benefits for the economy and society resulting from its implementation. This research systematizes the main types of benefits that can be monitored. The author shows that interdisciplinary approaches are essential for solving theoretical and practical problems related to obtaining reliable data for decision makers in space technologies investments. Moreover, the formation of analytical skills in identifying social impacts is necessary for experts who realize the assessment procedures.
The sustainable use of the outer space: complications and legal challenges to the peaceful uses and benefit of humanity
Authors: Islam Mohammad Saiful
Published: February 2020

All over the world, application of space technologies is considered as vital tools for ensuring development in the social, economic and environmental areas. The major spacefaring nations grow their economies, science, technology and security using space. Predominantly, events for economic growth through space exploration are capturing the attention in the international arena. The steady increase in space activities indicates that space law and policies have become significant for a large number of countries. However, the expanding circle of spacefaring nations, commercialization by the public, private entities and privation of political willingness of influential countries also denote the new concern to the peaceful use of space, maintaining space safety, security and sustainability. The existing legal protection towards the peaceful and sustainable uses of space is not well-organized and competent. Particularly, the issues of commercialization of space not been fully agreed upon. The goal of this paper is to examine the shortcomings of present regimes and legal challenges to the sustainable use of space, identifying that there is an urgent necessity for effective and more comprehensive regime not just at the international level, but also at the national level.
Mechanisms that allow cortical preparatory activity without inappropriate movement
Authors: Darlington Timothy R , Lisberger Stephen G
Published: February 2020

We reveal a novel mechanism that explains how preparatory activity can evolve in motor-related cortical areas without prematurely inducing movement. The smooth eye movement region of the frontal eye fields (FEFSEM) is a critical node in the neural circuit controlling smooth pursuit eye movement. Preparatory activity evolves in the monkey FEFSEM during fixation in parallel with an objective measure of visual-motor gain. We propose that the use of FEFSEM output as a gain signal rather than a movement command allows for preparation to progress in pursuit without causing movement. We also show that preparatory modulation of firing rate in FEFSEM predicts movement, providing evidence against the ‘movement-null’ space hypothesis as an explanation of how preparatory activity can progress without movement. Finally, there is a partial reorganization of FEFSEM population activity between preparation and movement that would allow for a directionally non-specific component of preparatory visual-motor gain enhancement in pursuit.
Multifaceted secretion of htNSC-derived hypothalamic islets induces survival and antidiabetic effect via peripheral implantation in mice
Authors: Tang Yizhe , Zuniga-Hertz Juan Pablo , Han Cheng , Yu Bin , Cai Dongsheng
Published: February 2020

We report that mouse hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells produce multiple pancreatic, gastrointestinal and hypothalamic peptides in addition to exosomes. Through cell sorting and selection according to insulin promoter activity, we generated a subpopulation(s) of these cells which formed 3D spherical structure with combined features of hypothalamic neurospheres and pancreatic islets. Through testing streptozotocin-induced pancreatic islet disruption and fatal diabetes, we found that peripheral implantation of these spheres in mice led to remarkable improvements in general health and survival in addition to a moderate antidiabetic effect, and notably these pro-survival versus metabolic effects were dissociable to a significant extent. Mechanistically, secretion of exosomes by these spheres was essential for enhancing survival while production of insulin was important for the antidiabetic effect. In summary, hypothalamic neural stem/progenitor cells comprise subpopulations with multifaceted secretion, and their derived hypothalamic islets can be implanted peripherally to enhance general health and survival together with an antidiabetic benefit.
The practicality of different eGFR equations in centenarians and near-centenarians: which equation should we choose?
Authors: Han Qiuxia , Zhang Dong , Zhao Yali , Liu Liang , Li Jing , Zhang Fu , Luan Fuxin , Duan Jiayu , Liu Zhangsuo , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei , Zhu Hanyu
Published: February 2020

Background

No studies have examined the practicality of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiological Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Berlin Initiative Study 1 (BIS1) equations for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a large sample of centenarians. We aim to investigate the differences among the equations and suggest the most suitable equation for centenarians and near-centenarians.

Methods

A total of 966 centenarians and 787 near-centenarians were enrolled, and the eGFR was calculated using the three equations mentioned above. Agreement among the equations was investigated with the κ statistic and Bland–Altman plots. Sources of discrepancy were investigated using a partial correlation analysis.

Results

The three equations for assessing eGFR are not considered interchangeable in centenarians and near-centenarians. Δ(MDRD, CKD-EPI) and Δ(MDRD, BIS1) increased with age, but Δ(CKD-EPI, BIS1) was relatively stable with age. Δ(MDRD, CKD-EPI) and Δ(MDRD, BIS1) were considerable in subjects with Scr levels less than 0.7 mg/dL and decreased with the Scr level. A considerable difference between CKD-EPI and BIS1 was observed for participants with Scr levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dL. This difference increased with Scr levels ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 mg/dL, was relatively stable for Scr levels ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 mg/dL, and decreased with Scr levels ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 mg/dL. The differences in the three comparisons were all greater in women than in men (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

We tend to suggest the MDRD equation to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in elderly individuals >95 years old who have no risk factors for cardiovascular disease; the BIS1 equation to calculate the eGFR for elderly individuals younger than 94 years old who have risk factors for cardiovascular disease; the CKD-EPI equation to calculate the eGFR of elderly individuals with Scr levels greater than 1.5 mg/dL; and the BIS1 equation to calculate the eGFR of older women with Scr levels less than 0.7 mg/dL.
A Psychometric Assessment of Parenting Style and Emotional Maturity of Parents in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Sharaye Kolade Oladele
Published: February 2020

The impacts of parenting styles on adolescent’s antisocial behaviors have been established; but the emotional status of the parents and its relationship with the parenting style is yet to be exploited. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the parenting style and emotional maturity of parents. The sample consisted of two hundred and thirty two (232) participants that reside in the Kaduna metropolis of Kaduna state, Nigeria. Participants completed the validated subscale Parenting Styles and Emotional Maturity questionnaires. The scoring was done according to the scoring key in the respective manual of the questionnaire and the results were statistically analyzed and interpreted. The results indicated that there is a significant gender difference in the dimensions of emotional maturity and parenting styles. Females are more emotionally matured (t=2.480, p≤0.05*) and are more authoritative (t=2.344, p≤0.05*) and more involved (t=2.698, p≤0.01**) than male in parenting style practices. Also emotional maturity shows significant correlations with authoritarian (p≤0.000**), permissive (p≤0.000**) and uninvolved (p≤0.000**) not with authoritative style in this study. Certain personality and social differences have been suggested to explain why these differences may emerge. It is recommended that a well-designed counseling and rehabilitation programs be organized for couples and parents so as to help them gain the knowledge and emotional maturity necessary to support their parenting style. Presently, there’s paucity of studies exploring these gender based differences in emotional maturity and parenting style of both parents and the degree of similarities and differences when compared with single parents in Nigeria, and Kaduna state in particular, this is an important area that deserves further investigation.
Geotechnical Characterization of the Subgrade on Some Rural Roads in Cross River State, Nigeria and the Influence of Geology
Authors: Ilori Abidemi Olujide , Anusa Anusa Andrew
Published: February 2020

The subgrades of three different rural roads alignment were investigated with the aim to determine their geotechnical properties. The three roads are on two different geologic terrains. Two of the roads, the 18 km Yahe-Waniye-Wanakom road and the 6 km Okpoma-Okuku road are on Cretaceous sediments terrain, while the 8 km Ugboro-Imaje-Okuku road is on the Basement Complex terrain. Based on American Association of Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) most of the soils classify as A-2-4, A-2-6 on the first two roads with A-7-5, A-7-6 soils interspersed between the A-2-4 soils. The A-2-4, A-2-6 soils were also encountered on the only alignment on the basement complex, but the A-7 group of soils were not encountered on this alignment. Based on The Transport Research Laboratory Road Note 31, subgrade quality on all the three alignments is classed into ‘S4 to S6’ subgrade class. In this classification scheme ‘S6’ is the subgrade of the highest quality.
Cannabis medicine discussed at NYSAM; attendees split on OUD indications
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2020

Despite the fact that most of the attendees did like the idea of using cannabis in the treatment of substance use disorder, the New York Society of Addiction Medicine (NYSAM) meeting Feb. 7 in New York City featured a powerful proponent — and provider — of the practice.
Arrest of recovery advocate spurs wider discussion of field's obligations
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2020

This month's arrest of a prominent public policy leader and recovery advocate on sexual assault and weapons charges has reverberated across the addiction treatment and recovery communities, fueling a broader examination of the extent of the field's commitment to creating safe environments that encourage open discussion of trauma and its impacts.
The Antitumor Efficacy of CpG Oligonucleotides is Improved by Encapsulation in Plant Virus‐Like Particles
Authors: Cai Hui , Shukla Sourabh , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: February 2020

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with CpG motifs have potent immunostimulatory effects on many subsets of immune cells. For example, Class B CpG‐ODNs, such as ODN1826 induce the phagocytic activity of macrophages by activating the Toll‐like receptor 9 signaling pathway. Systemic ODN delivery results in unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles and can trigger adverse effects. To address this issue, plant virus‐like particles (VLPs) are developed for the targeted delivery of ODN1826 to tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). ODN1826 is encapsulated by the in vitro disassembly and reassembly of Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), producing VLPs that are structurally analogous to the native virus. The encapsulation of ODN1826 in CCMV‐derived VLPs promotes ODN uptake by TAMs ex vivo and significantly enhance their phagocytic activity. The antitumor activity of the VLPs in vivo is also evaluated, revealing that the direct injection of ODN1826 VLPs into established tumors induces a robust antitumor response by increasing the phagocytic activity of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment. CCMV encapsulation significantly enhances the efficacy of ODN1826 compared to the free drug, slowing tumor growth and prolonging survival in mouse models of colon cancer and melanoma.