РАСПОЗНАВАНИЕ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ ДВУМЕРНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ПО ФОРМЕ ИНВАРИАНТНО К ИХ МАСШТАБУ И ОРИЕНТАЦИИ
Authors: Фурман Я.А. , Иванов К.О. , Казаринов А.В. , Тетешева А.Г. 
Published: February 2025

На основе методов контурного анализа рассмотрено решение задачи распознавания расположенных на подстилающей поверхности изображений графических объектов. Распознаваемые изображения формируются оптическими датчиками и обрабатываются бортовыми системами летательных аппаратов. Основными информационными признаками служат контуры изображений, задающие их формы. Приведены примеры распознавания реальных географических объектов.

Introduction. At present, the problem of determining the position of the aircraft is usually solved by using satellite navigation systems such as GLONASS and GPS. However, images of geographical objects, located on the underlying surface can be used for the orientation of aircraft. These images are obtained using onboard locators or video scanners, and are characterized by a high signaltonoise ratio. The advantages of aircraft orientation systems, based on the images of objects located on the underlying surface are autonomy and security of work. As the aircraft moves, the scale, angular orientation and position of the images of geographical objects, obtained with onboard devices, change. Therefore, to create such navigation systems, the important task is to develop algorithms for recognizing images of underlying surface objects, invariant to their scale and angular orientation. The purpose of the article is to solve the problems of geographical landmarks recognition by their shapes, defined in the form of contours of the boundaries of flat images. In this case, the contours of the object are given in the form of the sequence of elementary vectors, specified in unitary space. In this work the following tasks are solved: 1) development of the block diagram of the recognition device of geographical landmarks, based on of the calculation of similarity measuresof their contours with contours of reference objects. 2) the analysis of the impact of initial points positions and the angular orientation of objects contours on the results of their recognition 3) development of recognition algorithms of geographic objects contours is invariant to their scale and angular orientation. Results. The block diagram of the geographical landmark image recognition device, based on the determination of the similarity measure of their contours shapes with the contours of the reference objects is proposed. The algorithm for angular matching of the contours of the geographical landmarks images and the algorithm of matching their starting points were developed. The proposed algorithms were successfully tested by the example of the recognition of Grand Bahama Island of the Bahamas archipelago. The applied aspect of the contour analysis makes it possible to present the measure of the similarity of two complexvalued signals in the form of their scalar product and the presence of the imaginary part makes it more informative than the scalar product of real signals. The module of the normalized scalar product in the complex linear space is invariant to the change of scale and the angle of rotation of signals. This property significantly reduces the amount of computation compared to real signals when solving problems of detection, parameter estimation, resolution and recognition.