bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A three dimensional finite element analysis of fiber post and dentin post in permanent maxillary central incisors: An in-vitro study
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Ramagoni Naveen Kumar , Kuniyil Shakir Mekkalayil , Babu Aleena , Nanda Anisha
Published: April 2021

: Endodontically treated teeth are generally weakened as a result of loss of tooth structure due to decay, previous restorative procedures and endodontic access preparation. Ideal coronal reconstruction of endodontically treated tooth is still a challenge for restorative dentistry. Post and core system is a widely used method for treatment of structurally weakened teeth.

Two extracted, caries-free maxillary central incisors with straight root canal were collected and mounted. Post space preparation were done and restored with fiber post and dentin post respectively. The model is simulated using the software “Creo” and this data is then transferred to software “Hypermesh” to create a Finite Element model i.e., a mesh of nodes and elements. This mesh is programmed to contain the material properties which defined how the structure will react to loading conditions at different angles. The Analysis is carried out using the Ansys software.

: The FEA results showed that the Dentin post have better fracture resistance.

The comparison between fiber and dentin posts exhibited a better stress resistance of dentin post over fiber post. Further research in this regard is required to support the findings of this study results.
A Brief Study of Dietary Salt Intake in an Urban Population
Authors: Soltani Tahere , Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Vaezi Ali Akbar , Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh , Soltani Mohammad Hossein , Fallahzadeh Hossien
Published: April 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of salt consumed by the people living in Yazd, Iran and its related factors based on previous investigations.
materials and methods: A general search was performed on electronic databases of Daneshgostar Barakat system, Magiran, SID and English databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of sciences, Science direct, and Google scholar search engines using following keywords: "salt intake" OR "sodium intake" OR "salt reduction" OR "salt content" OR "sodium reduction" OR "Diet, Reducing"  regardless of the time interval. A total of 273 articles were obtained from the mentioned website. Papers published up to September 30, 2019 were retrieved. A total of 15 related articles were analyzed, and studies on the amount of salt consumed were evaluated.
Results: The amount of salt received by the people of Yazd is higher than the standard of the World Organization and has an increasing trend.
Conclusion: A population-based approach for salt intake reduction can lower blood pressure levels and presumably significantly reduce mortality. Therefore, the implementation of a comprehensive plan and intervention for salt consumption is necessary for this population.
Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Peritoneal Cytology in Patients with Endometrial Cancer: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Binesh Fariba , Moravej Mohammad Taghi , Heydari Safiyehsadat , Aghabagheri Mahdi , Dehghan Hamidreza
Published: April 2021

Objective: In 1988, a new conception for endometrial cancer staging was introduced by Fédération Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO). In addition to pathologic development, peritoneal cytology played an important role in the staging. The goal of peritoneal cytology was to identify hidden and microscopic extensions outside the uterus. In 2009, the system was reviewed; one of the changes was removing the peritoneal cytology. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of peritoneal cytology on the survival of patients with endometrial cancer.
Methods and analysis: This protocol is reported based on the PRISMA-P guideline. We will search "endometrial cancer," "peritoneal washing," and any other relevant words on PubMed, Cochran, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. The eligibility criteria are: All original studies performed on patients with endometrial cancer, evaluated survival, and performed peritoneal washing cytology. Only one of the non-English studies with the same respect will be included according to the research team's opinion. Also, the most recent paper among multiple articles about a single study is chosen. It should be noted that there will not be any restrictions regarding the language and publication date. For quality assessment, we will use the quality in prognosis (QUIPS) tool.  If possible, a meta-analysis will also be performed using a rndom effects model, and overall survival rates and confidence intervals will be reported. Heterogeneity will be tested by using the I2 index and Cochrane's Q test. Subgroup analysis will be performed to handle the heterogeneity. The publication bias will be assessed in the presence of 10 or more relevant articles. If there is no chance of meta-analysis, the result will be reported qualitatively.
Discussion: The resulting review will provide valuable information regarding the prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in patiens with endometrial cancer.
Effect of Cassiopea andromeda Venom on P15INK4b, P21 WAF1/CIP1, P53, DNA methyltransferase 1, and Bcl-2 Genes Expression, Apoptosis Induction, and Cell Growth Inhibition in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia NB4 Cell line
Authors: Dehghani Reza , Obeidi Narges , Mohebbi Gholamhossein , Amrooni Ali , Derakhshan Zahra
Published: April 2021

Background: One of the acute hematologic malignancies is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that resulted in translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17, t (15; 17), and cessation in the maturation of myeloid cell line, and ultimate aggregation of neoplastic promyelocytes. Regarding that appetence of using herbal and marine medicine studies is increasing, and on the other hand, the features of Cassiopea andromeda Venom remained unclear; this study was conducted to determine its effects on NB4 cells as a model for APL.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the cells were treated with C. andromeda Venom concentrations at different periods and times. Growth inhibition and toxic effects of C. andromeda Venom were evaluated through methyl thiazole tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT test). The flow cytometry analysis was carried out using 7AAD and Annexin V stains for evaluating this venom’s effect on apoptotic pathways. Besides, Real-Time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression.
Results: C. andromeda Venom inhibited the growth of NB4 cells as correlated with concentration and time. Cell growth was inhibited by 49.1%, after 24 hours of treating NB4 cells with 1000µg/mL C. andromeda Venom. This venom increased the apoptotic process, which was then verified by 7AAD/AnnexinV staining. The fold change of p15INK4b, p21 WAF1/CIP1, P53, DNMT1, and Bcl-2 genes in the NB4 cell line were 144, 2.78, 1.75, 15.24, and 0.33, respectively, which meant that the expression level of p15INK4b, p21 WAF1/CIP1, P53, and DNMT1 were increased by 14400%, 278%, 175%, and 1524%, respectively and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased by 67%.
Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory property of C. andromeda Venom, the authors recommended it as a part of combinational medication for treating APL in animal trials and for other leukemias’ in vitro studies.
In-silico study to identify the pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of CDKN2A gene
Authors: Ghasemi Farzaneh , Khatami Mehri , Heidari Mohammad Mehdi , Chamani Reyhane
Published: April 2021

Background: CDKN2A, encoding two important tumor suppressor proteins p16 and p14, is a tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene and subsequently the defect in p16 and p14 proteins lead to the downregulation of RB1/p53 and cancer malignancy. To identify the structural and functional effects of mutations, various powerful bioinformatics tools are available. The aim of this study is the identification of high-risk non-synonymous single nucleotide variants in the CDKN2A gene via bioinformatics tools.
Materials and Methods: Among the identified polymorphisms in this gene, 353 missense variants are retrieved from the national center for biotechnology information/single nucleotide polymorphism database (NCBI/dbSNP). Then, the pathogenicity of missense variants are considered using different bioinformatics tools. The stability of these mutant proteins, conservation of amino acids and the secondary and tertiary structural changes are analyzed by bioinformatics tools. After the identification of high-risk mutations, the changes in the hydrophobicity of high-risk amino acid substitutions are considered.
Results: Deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened step by step using the bioinformatics tools. The results obtained from the set of bioinformatics tools identify high-risk mutations in CDKN2A gene.
Conclusion: 18 high-risk mutations including L16R/Q, G23D/R/S, L32P, N42K, G55D, G67D/R, P81R, H83R, G89D/S, A102E, G101R, G122R, and V126D were identified. According to the previous experimental studies, the association of L16R, G23D/R/S, L32P, G67R, H83R, G89D, G101R, and V126D amino acid substitutions with various cancers has been confirmed.
Odontogenic Cervicofacial Infection in Pregnancy: A Need for Oral Care
Authors: Fomete Benjamin , Agbara Rowland , Uchenna Omeje Kelvin , Oguntayo Adekunle Olanrewaju
Published: April 2021

Objective: During pregnancy, changes occur in the oral environment with gingivitis predominating. The development of odontogenic infections within the period of pregnancy may endanger the life of the mother as well as that of her unborn baby.
Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study of cases of cervicofacial infection in women during pregnancy was conducted at the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic of a northern Nigerian tertiary health care center from January 2006 to June 2018.
Results: Seventy women were managed for cervicofacial infection during the period reviewed, out of which 20 women (28.6%) presented during pregnancy. Their mean age was 33.8 ± 9.35 years with a range of 20 to 55 years. The 30-39 years age bracket had the highest frequency (40%) and the mean duration of pregnancy at presentation was 24.9 ± 11.12 weeks with a range between 10 to 36 weeks. Majority (n=15, 75.0%) presented in the 3rd trimester. At presentation, the frequently involved fascial space was unilateral submandibular space (n=10; 50.0%), All the patients had incision/drainage/decompression on the dental chair under local anesthesia (2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline). The mean length of hospital stay was 13.9 ± 6.2 days with a range of 6 to 26 days. The mortality rate was 15% (n=3 cases).
Conclusion: There is a need for oral health evaluation in pregnant women during ante-natal visits to prevent these complications. Oral health education should also form part of teachings received by women both in the ante-natal and postnatal clinics.
Antioxidant Effects of Aerobic Training and Crocin Consumption on Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Davoodi Mohsen , Zilaei Bouri Shirin , Dehghan Ghahfarokhi Shahla
Published: April 2021

Objective: Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment has been reported to increase the risk of serious toxicity in testis, therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of training and Crocin on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 42 Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups of six rats, including 1) Control, 2) DOX, 3) DOX + 10 mg/kg/d (day) Crocin, 4) DOX + 50 mg/kg/d Crocin, 5) DOX + high intensity interval training (HIIT), 6) DOX + HIIT with 10 mg/kg/d Crocin and 7) DOX + HIIT with 50 mg/kg/d Crocin. During eight weeks, rats in groups 3, 4, 6, and 7 administered Crocin daily at specific doses by gavage, and groups 5 to 7 performed HIIT(2-8rep2min at 80-110% Vmax) 5 day/w. Also, groups 2 to 7 administered 2 mg/kg/w DOX intraperitoneal. The testes were removed and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyl (PC) were analyzed using ELISA methods, oneway analysis of variance along with Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used for analysis in SPSS (P≤0.05).
Results: The results of the present study showed that doxorubicin induced oxidative stress in testicular tissue by decreasing the level of GPX and TAC and increasing PC level (P≤0.05); TAC and GPX improved in all groups except groups 2 and 5, respectively, and their increase in the group 7 was significantly higher compared to other groups (P≤0.05). Increased PC levels were significantly reduced in the groups 5, 6 and 7.
Conclusion: The increase in antioxidant levels in the concurrent Crocin and training group seems to be dosedependent, but the oxidative stress in both Crocin and training groups of 10 and 50 mg/kg/d is associated with a decrease, but its modulation in the Crocin consumption group alone depends on the dose.
An Unusual Case of Genital Lesion: A Vulvar Syringoma
Authors: Algeri Paola , Rodella Rosita , Manfredini Cinzia , Algeri Maurizio
Published: April 2021

Objective: Syringoma is a benign adnexal neoplasm of sweat gland, usually presenting as extra-genital lesions, while vulvar localization is rare. Moreover, syringoma is an uncommon vulvar neoplasms.
Case report: A 44-year-old woman with previous diagnosis of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumour, underwent a local surgical excision for an isolated, painful, vulvar lesion. The specimen was submitted for histological examination. A vulvar syringoma was diagnosed.
Conclusion: We describe this case according on its rarity and atypical presentation as well; therefore, vulvar neoplasms encompass many differential diagnoses, among which the incidence rate of syringoma is very low. Although its rarity, syringoma should be included among the differential diagnosis for vulvar neoplasm.
The Association of Legume Consumption and Psychological Health among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Siassi Fereydoun , Guilani Bijan , Azadbakht Leila
Published: April 2021

Background: Independent association between legume intake and psychological disorders is not well documented. This study was carried out to examine legume consumption in relation todepression, anxiety, and stress in women in Tehran city of Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 458 women aged 20-50 years who referred to the health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The usual dietary intake in the past year was evaluated using a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. Legume intake was calculated by summing up the consumption of lentils, peas, chickpeas, and different kinds of beans including broad beans and chickling vetch. Psychological disorders were assessed using a validated depression, anxiety, stress scales questionnaires with 21items. In the logistic regression analysis, the results were adjusted to the confounding factors.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.85 ± 7.67 years. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and psychological distress among study participants was 34.6%, 40.6%, and 42.4%, respectively. After adjustment of the confounding variables, legume consumption had no significant association with depression (P = 0.72), anxiety (P = 0.17), and stress (P = 0.89). However, a significant association was found between moderate legume consumption and depression (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.90; P = 0.01).
Conclusion: Higher legume consumption has no significant relationship with depression, anxiety, and anxiety in women. However, a significant association was observed between moderate legume consumption and depression. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Relationship between Diet Quality and Quality of Life among Overweight and Obese Women
Authors: Hadidi Mahsa , Sajadi Hezaveh Zohreh , Tanha Kiarash , Hamidi Zahra , Khalighi Sikaroudi Masoumeh , Yavari Mahsa , Ebrahimi Zohre , Bahrami Leila Sadat , Vafa Mohammadreza
Published: April 2021

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing among women. Since diet quality and quality of life are two indicators of healthy lifestyle, we conducted this study to examine the relationship between these two indicators among overweight and obese women.
Methods: This study was carried out among a sample of 111 overweight and obese women, aged 35-60 years in the west of Tehran, Iran. Dietary data were collected using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire and the Nutrient-Rich Food index (NRF9.3) algorithms were used to estimate the nutrient density. The quality of life was measured using 26-item WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.  The SPSS 24 was run for statistical analysis.
Results: We found that the participants’ quality of life had a significant relationship with their occupational, marital, and educational status, but no significant association was observed between the quality of life and diet quality (P = 0.50). Pearson correlation showed that NRF9.3 score was positively associated with body mass index (P = 0.01), but no difference was found between obese and overweight women regarding quality of life.
Conclusion: The NRF9.3 index was not associated with WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire's score, while job, marriage, and education were significantly associated with the quality of life. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between quality of life and diet quality among overweight and obese women.
Possible Risk Factors Related to Malnutrition in 6-59-Month Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition in District Pakpattan, Punjab
Authors: Shahazad Manzoor Muhammad , Aqib Saeed Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Background: Malnutrition is responsible for one third of the mortality rate among children less than 5 years old. Worldwide, 54% of the child deaths are due to malnutrition and the caseload in Pakistan is equal to 46%. In the current study, we attempted to identify the possible risk factors related to malnutrition among 6-59-month children in Pakpattan, Punjab province.
Methods: A total of 500 severe acute malnourished (SAM) 6-59-month children were assessed during a period of 12 months (March 2018 to Feb 2019) to find out the possible risk factors for SAM.
Results: Based on the findings, significant possible determinants risk factors related to acute malnutrition include edema, blurred vision, illness history, birth interval, mother body mass index (BMI), complementary feeding, family size, and family member working status.
Conclusion: Malnutrition risk factors depend upon children nutrition status and early detection of these risk factors may improve the nutrition status and functional recovery in children.
THE ROLE OF GENDER-TARGETED CASH TRANSFERS IN INCREASING SCHOOL ENROLLMENT IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Javaid Maria Faiq , Jadoon Atif Khan , Asif Tayyaba , Sarwar Ambreen
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study: This study is conducted to assess the success of the Female Stipend Program (FSP), started in the province Punjab, Pakistan under the Punjab Education Sector Reform Program in 2003.

Methodology: Panel data on household-level collected from years 2016 to 2018 is used for the analysis. The impact of cash transfers (directed towards female students in selected districts of the province) on female school enrollment in public (elementary and high) schools is measured. Enrollment growth in public schools is used as a dependent variable whereas female stipend, the number of schools, student to teacher ratio, the population of the districts, and basic facilities available in public schools are taken as independent variables. The results are obtained by employing Linear Mixed Multilevel Modeling.

Main findings: All the variables, except the population of districts, are having a highly significant impact on the enrollment rate in Punjab. Female school's stipend, number of schools in the district, and the accessibility to basic infrastructural facilities have an important impact on female enrollment rate while a high student to teacher ratio negatively contributes to female enrollment rate. Furthermore, districts, where a stipend program is implemented, have higher enrollments as compared to other districts in the province.

Application of the study: Outcomes of the study indicate that cash transfer programs directed towards female school enrollment are very fruitful in the case of Punjab. Therefore, such programs should be started in other provinces of the country as well.

Novelty/ Originality of the study: The present study contributes to the research gap by using the largest data set available for all 36 districts of the province. To further highlight major factors contributing to high female school enrollments, the study includes school infrastructure, the population of districts, student-teacher ratio, and availability of schools in the model.
Introduction of a Protected Species Hungarian Lilac (Syringa josikaea Jacg.) in the South Ural
Authors: Polyakova Natalya V.
Published: April 2021

The results of a long-term introduction study of Hungarian lilac, an endemic of the Carpathians and Transylvania, cultivated in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFIC RAS, are presented. The study used phenological data from 2005-2020. The beginning of the growing season for Hungarian lilacs falls on the period from April 14 to 30, flowering is observed annually in late May and early June. The duration of flowering over the last 5 years (2015-2020) averaged 16 days, which is 6 days shorter than the flowering period of this type of lilac in 2005-2009. The likely reason for the shortened flowering period is climate change. Complete lignification of the shoots of Hungarian lilac occurs in the second half of July. In Ufa, Hungarian lilacs have fruiting (seeds begin to ripen from September 18 to 27), as well as the presence of self-seeding. The beginning of leaf fall (the end of the growing season) coincides in timing with the beginning of seed ripening. All phenological phases of Hungarian lilac retain their sequence every year. Winter hardiness is usually I point (plants are absolutely winter hardy). The phenological atypicality index is -0.250 or 4 points according to Zaitsev, which means that the phenology of the species is fully consistent with the climatic conditions of Ufa. Thus, the introduction of Hungarian lilac in the South Ural can be characterized as successful and promising.
Evaluation of Horizontal and Vertical Erosion of the Water Protection Zone of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir (a Case of Dubovsky District)
Authors: Kosolapov Alexey E. , Skripka Grigory I. , Bespalova Lyudmila A. , Glinka Vadim V. , Ivlieva Olga V. , Saprygin Vladislav V.
Published: April 2021

The nature and intensity of erosion processes are an important parameter for monitoring water protection area of water body. A technique, based on field and office studies, which were carried out with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (Phantom 4 Pro and Phantom 4 Advanced), was worked out and the intensity of the manifestation of erosion processes in the water protection area of the Tsimlyansk reservoir was assessed (on the example of Dubovsky district). In our research, the comparative-geographic method was used. That allowed us very accurately to identify erosional objects on the ground, and to determine their morphological and morphometric characteristics. Cameral works processed the data obtained by using UAVs. The tools of the Agisoft Metashape Professional program and the tools of the ArcGIS program were used during the work. These programs make it possible, without labor-intensive instrumental field research, to draw up orthophotoplans for gullies and determine their areas, steepness of slopes, length and width of slopes, depth of gullies, make longitudinal and transverse profiles of gullies, measure the volume of gullies and a number of other parameters. This method gives us a complete picture of the gullying network within the water protection area. In addition, a comparison of survey materials for different periods makes it possible to identify trends in the development of individual erosional forms, as well as the entire gullying network within the water protection area as a whole.
The impact of Internet finance to commercial banks in China
Authors: Wu Meng
Published: April 2021

In recent years, network technology, information technology and data processing technology have become the basis of the competition of Internet financial institutions. With the rapid development of the electronic platform, the accumulation of massive customer data information, Internet finance has a more and broader range of customer resources than that of a single bank. These advantages of Internet finance will have a significant impact on commercial banks. The traditional banks have a mature business model and rich industry experience in finance. Internet finance and traditional commercial banks interact with each other. In this case, this paper will focus on the influence of Internet finance on traditional commercial banks in China.
Research on the Prevention and Control of Supply Chain Financial Risks from the Perspective of Enterprise Financing
Authors: Liu Jianxiong
Published: April 2021

At present, China’s economy is developing rapidly and all companies actively participate in market competition. Hence, many small-sized companies with lower competitiveness face more risks and may be shut down if no efficient marketing strategies are adopted. Among their obstacles, financing problems seriously affects the company’s development. However, in view of the fierce market competition, emerging supply chain financing models has been constructed, which is highly valued by many companies. In addition, the supply chain financing mode has a positive impact on the development of enterprises. In this thesis, the corporate financing and its application in risk management will be analyzed in detail, so as to provide companies with better financial services and to ensure their stable and sustainable development.
Back to the future with an up-dated version of RFT: More field than frame?
Authors: Barnes-Holmes Dermot , Barnes-Holmes Yvonne , McEnteggart Ciara , Harte Colin
Published: April 2021

The current chapter presents an overview of a line of research that focuses on the behavioral dynamics of arbitrarily applicable relational responding (AARRing), and the implications of this research for the on-going development of relational frame theory (RFT) itself. Specifically, the integration of two recent conceptual developments within RFT are described. The first of these is the multi-dimensional, multi-level (MDML) framework and the second is the differential arbitrarily applicable relational responding effects (DAARRE) model. Integrating the MDML framework and the DAARRE model emphasizes the transformation of functions within the MDML, thus yielding a hyper-dimensional, multi-level (HDML) framework for analyzing the behavioral dynamics of AARRing. The HDML generates a new conceptual unit of analysis for RFT in which relating, orienting, and evoking (ROEing) are seen as involved in virtually all psychological events for verbally-able humans. Some of the implications of the ROE as a unit of analysis for RFT are explored, including the idea that it may be useful to conceptualize the dynamics of AARRing as involving a field of verbal interactants.
Production performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with super-intensive culture on different rearing densities
Authors: Rakhmanda Andhika , Pribadi Agung , Parjiyo Parjiyo , Wibisono Bobby Indra Gunawan
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to evaluate the production performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with super-intensive culture on different rearing densities. The research was conducted at PT. Dewi Laut Aquaculture, Cikelet, Garut, West Java. As many of 8 ponds were used and divided into 2 groups based on the stock density of shrimp, 550 ind/m2 and 650 ind/m2, and reared for 99 days. The results showed that super-intensive shrimp culture at the density of 550–650 ind/m2 potentially produced shrimp with average body weight ranged from 15.91–19.31 g, survival rate 62.67–87.95%, growth 0.16 to 0.20 g/day, FCR 1.35–1.66, and productivity reach 5.55–9.19 kg/m2. There were no significant differences between the two stocking densities in body weight, growth, and feed conversion performance, while ponds with higher rearing density had better survival and productivity than ponds with lower rearing density. L. vannamei cultured at a density of 650 ind/m2 produces the best performance and most feasible to be applied in super-intensive white shrimp cultivation.
Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, super-intensive, high-density, production performance
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja produksi udang vaname pada sistem super- intensif dengan padat penebaran berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tambak PT. Dewi Laut Aquaculture, Cikelet, Garut, Jawa Barat, menggunakan 8 petak tambak. Tambak dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing 4 petak tambak dengan padat tebar udang 550 ekor/m2 dan 4 petak tambak lainnya dengan padat tebar 650 ekor/m2 dengan masa pemeliharaan 99 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budidaya udang vaname pada sistem super-intensif dengan padat tebar 550–650 ekor/m2 dapat menghasilkan udang dengan bobot rata-rata berkisar antara 15.91–19.31 g, sintasan 62.67–87.95%, pertumbuhan 0.16–0.20 g/hari, konversi pakan (FCR) 1.35–1.66, dan produktivitas mencapai 5.55–9.19 kg/m2. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara kedua padat penebaran pada kinerja bobot, pertumbuhan harian, dan FCR; sementara tambak dengan kepadatan tinggi memiliki nilai sintasan dan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dari tambak dengan kepadatan rendah. Padat penebaran 650 ekor/m2 menghasilkan kinerja produksi terbaik dan paling layak untuk diaplikasikan dalam budidaya udang vaname super-intensif.
Kata kunci : Litopenaeus vannamei, padat tebar tinggi, super-intensif, kinerja produksi
İLKOKUL FEN BİLİMLERİ DERSİNİN PANDEMİ DÖNEMİ UZAKTAN EĞİTİMİNE İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN VE EBEVEYN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYAZ Elçin
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, (COVİD-19) pandemi döneminde 2019-2020 Eğitim-Öğretim yılı bahar döneminde başlatılan uzaktan eğitim sürecinde, ilkokul Fen Bilimleri dersinin yürütülme sürecinin öğretmenler ve ebeveynler tarafından değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme uygun olarak kartopu örneklemi ile belirlenen katılımcılar, İstanbul, Kocaeli, Zonguldak, Ankara, Yozgat, Sivas, Elazığ, Diyarbakır, Bingöl illerindeki toplam 35 sınıf öğretmeni ve 172 ebeveynden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı-yapılandırılmış açık uçlu anket formu ile toplanmış ve nitel araştırma analiz yöntemlerinden içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, çalışmaya dâhil edilen tüm katılımcıların EBA’yı takip ettiği, bununla birlikte bazı öğretmenlerin farklı çevrimçi platformlardan da (Zoom, WhatsApp, Youtube, vb.) yararlanarak öğrencileriyle paylaşım yaptığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca pandemi dönemindeki uzaktan eğitim kapsamında; Fen Bilimleri ders içeriklerinden, öğretim sürecinden ve ev ortamında yapılabilecek fen etkinliklerinden bahsedilerek bu süreçte Fen Bilimleri dersinin etkililiğini artırmaya yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.
SRT as a Fourth-order-theory with Analogy-model of Damped Resonance
Authors: Döring Holger
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Discussed is an expansion of SRT to fourth-order of space-time including any velocities and possible negative kinetic energies by real rest mass in analogy of the model amplitude of enforced damped oscillation. This paper serves an introduction to developed SRT including superluminar translating velocities without tachyons or imaginary restmass. Focused is on those parts, which develop the elaborated lorentz-transformations. Discussed are the problems of this theory.
Eğitim Düzeyine Göre Kadın İstihdamının Gelir Eşitsizliğine Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: UYANIK Yücel , YEŞİLKAYA Fatma
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Çalışmada, gelir eşitsizliği ile kadınların eğitim düzeylerine göre istihdam oranı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada, eğitim düzeyine göre kadın istihdamı ile gini katsayısı arasındaki ilişki AB üye ve üyeliğe aday 27 ülkenin verilerinden hareketle dinamik panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda; lise mezunu kadınların istihdamında yaşanan artışın gini katsayısını artırdığı, yükseköğretim mezunu kadınların istihdamında yaşanan artışın gini katsayısını dolayısıyla gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığı sonucuna ulaşılan çalışmada incelenen dönemde seçilen ülkelerde lise altı eğitime sahip kadınların istihdamı ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuç elde edilememiştir.

Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmanın veri seti 2007-2016 yıllarını kapsamakta ve analize esas ülkeler de belirtilen grup içerisinde ortak veri setine sahip ülkelerden oluşmaktadır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Literatürde gelir eşitsizliğinde kadınların eğitim durumunun etkisini doğrudan inceleyen çalışmalar bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmanın, kadınların eğitim düzeyine göre istihdamından hareketle gini katsayısı ve gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisini araştıran bir boyut taşıması doğrultusunda gelir eşitsizliğiyle ilişkili alan literatürüne katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Effect of Tourniquet Use During Surgical Treatment of Open Fractures
Authors: Gitajn Ida Leah , Werth Paul M. , Sprague Sheila , Bzovsky Sofia , Petrisor Brad A. , Jeray Kyle J. , O’Hara Nathan N. , Bhandari Mohit , Slobogean Gerard ,   the FLOW Investigators
Published: April 2021

Update

This article was updated on September 24, 2021, because of a previous error. On page 864, in the final rowof Tables III and IV,text that had read “Gustilo Type IIIA and tourniquet use” now reads “Gustilo Type IIIB and tourniquet use.”.

An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021 November 3;103(21):e88.

Background:

We sought to evaluate whether tourniquet use, with the resultant ischemia and reperfusion, during surgical treatment of an open lower-extremity fracture was associated with an increased risk of complications.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of 1,351 patients who had an open lower-extremity fracture at or distal to the proximal aspect of the tibia and who participated in the FLOW (Fluid Lavage of Open Wounds) trial. The independent variable was intraoperative tourniquet use, and the primary outcome measures were adjudicated unplanned reoperation within 1 year of the injury and adjudicated nonoperative wound complications.

Results:

Unplanned reoperation and nonoperative wound complications were roughly even between the no-tourniquet (18.7% and 19.1%, respectively) and tourniquet groups (17.8% and 20.8%) (p = 0.78 and p = 0.52). Following matching, as determined by model interactions, tourniquet use was a significant predictor of unplanned reoperation in Gustilo Type-IIIA (odds ratio, 3.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 11.78) and IIIB fractures (odds ratio, 16.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.15 to 355.40).

Conclusions:

The present study showed that tourniquet use did not influence the likelihood of complications following surgical treatment of an open lower-extremity fracture. However, in cases of severe open fractures, tourniquet use was associated with increased odds of unplanned reoperation; surgeons should be cautious with regard to tourniquet use in this setting.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Machine Learning Algorithms Predict Functional Improvement After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Athletes
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Polce Evan M. , Clapp Ian , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Chahla Jorge , Nho Shane J.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Despite previous reports of improvements for athletes following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), many do not achieve clinically relevant outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop machine learning algorithms capable of providing patient-specific predictions of which athletes will derive clinically relevant improvement in sports-specific function after undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS.

Methods:

A registry was queried for patients who had participated in a formal sports program or athletic activities before undergoing primary hip arthroscopy between January 2012 and February 2018. The primary outcome was achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in the Hip Outcome Score-Sports Subscale (HOS-SS) at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Recursive feature selection was used to identify the combination of variables, from an initial pool of 26 features, that optimized model performance. Six machine learning algorithms (stochastic gradient boosting, random forest, adaptive gradient boosting, neural network, support vector machine, and elastic-net penalized logistic regression [ENPLR]) were trained using 10-fold cross-validation 3 times and applied to an independent testing set of patients. Models were evaluated using discrimination, decision-curve analysis, calibration, and the Brier score.

Results:

A total of 1,118 athletes were included, and 76.9% of them achieved the MCID for the HOS-SS. A combination of 6 variables optimized algorithm performance, and specific cutoffs were found to decrease the likelihood of achieving the MCID: preoperative HOS-SS score of ≥58.3, Tönnis grade of 1, alpha angle of ≥67.1°, body mass index (BMI) of >26.6 kg/m2, Tönnis angle of >9.7°, and age of >40 years. The ENPLR model demonstrated the best performance (c-statistic: 0.77, calibration intercept: 0.07, calibration slope: 1.22, and Brier score: 0.14). This model was transformed into an online application as an educational tool to demonstrate machine learning capabilities.

Conclusions:

The ENPLR machine learning algorithm demonstrated the best performance for predicting clinically relevant sports-specific improvement in athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS. In our population, older athletes with more degenerative changes, high preoperative HOS-SS scores, abnormal acetabular inclination, and an alpha angle of ≥67.1° achieved the MCID less frequently. Following external validation, the online application of this model may allow enhanced shared decision-making.
An Enhanced Cost-Effective Approach for WI Optimization Implemented in a Giant Carbonate Reservoir Undergoing a Transition Scheme from Peripheral to Pattern Injection
Authors: Martinez Santiago Maryvi , Ortiz Jhon , Alshehhi Fatmah , Bethapudi Bhanu , Permana Krisna , Ismail Ahmed , Al Qubais Faisal
Published: April 2021

With the aim to fulfil a more comprehensive and effective water injection optimization strategy in a giant carbonate reservoir, the asset carried out a dedicated study for a giant carbonate unit (Unit-M) to evaluate the specific challenges and define mitigation actions to improve the reservoir performance.

This paper outlines the experience of the successful integration and strong collaborative environment between Reservoir Management Surveillance-Studies, Water Handling, Optimization and Production Operations teams through the project execution leading to optimal solutions in a short period, in accordance with a long-term plan oriented to effectively manage future injection requirements. These actions allowed a favorable impact on the operating costs associated to the new and more efficient water balancing.

Water injection, oil production, and reservoir pressure performance in addition to surveillance data for Unit-M have been analyzed at region and well scale. A better-detailed understanding about Peripheral and pattern injection Balance using streamline simulation and material balance analysis provided the support to implement actions that include: reactivation of the pilot pattern WI wells, redistribution of Water Injection in the periphery, maximize the efficiency of the Water injectors (Roll Up, re-utilization in other units, P&A) and Optimize clusters utilization. Moreover, the reservoir simulation was used to verify the impact of the new Water Injection strategy in pressure maintenance, sweep efficiency and the ultimate recovery expected.

The conformation of a dedicated task force team between Water Handling Operations and Development teams enable the alignment to common goals and a successful integration that led to define short term actions and mitigate present challenges of waterflood reservoir management. Effective and timely application of these solutions resulted in significant reduced maintenance cost (+/-30%) of the wells and clusters involved.
Challenges, Opportunities and Threats of Deep Bottoms-Up Water Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoir: Lessons Learnt from the G Field, South Oman
Authors: Behera Chaitanya , Mahajan Sandip , Annia Carlos , Harthi Mahmood , Obilaja Jane-Frances , Abri Said , Hamdoun Lana
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study carried out to improve the understanding of deep bottom-up water injection, which enabled optimizing the recovery of a heavy oil field in South Oman. Understanding the variable water injection response and the scale of impact on oil recovery due to reservoir heterogeneity, operating reservoir pressure and liquid offtake management are the main challenges of deep bottoms-up water injection in heavy oil fields. The offtake and throughput management philosophy for heavy oil waterflood is not same as classical light oil. Due to unclear understanding of water injection response, sometimes the operators are tempted to implement alternative water injection trials leading to increase in the risk of losing reserves and unwarranted CAPEX sink. There are several examples of waterflood in heavy oil fields; however, very few examples of deep bottom water injection cases are available globally.

The field G is one of the large heavy oil fields in South Oman; the oil viscosity varies between 250cp to 1500cp. The field came on-stream in 1989, but bottoms-up water-injection started in 2015, mainly to supplement the aquifer influx after 40% decline of reservoir pressure. After three years of water injection, the field liquid production was substantially lower than predicted, which implied risk on the incremental reserves. Alternative water injection concepts were tested by implementing multiple water injection trials apprehending the effectiveness of the bottoms-up water injection concept. A comprehensive integrated study including update of geocellular model, full field dynamic simulation, produced water re-injection (PWRI) model and conventional field performance analysis was undertaken for optimizing the field recovery.

The Root Cause Analysis (RCA) revealed many reasons for suboptimal field performance including water injection management, productivity impairment due to near wellbore damage, well completion issues, and more importantly the variable water injection response in the field. The dynamic simulation study indicated negligible oil bank development due to frontal displacement and no water cut reversal as initial response to the water injection. Nevertheless, the significance of operating reservoir pressure, liquid offtake and throughput management impact on oil recovery cann't be precluded.

The work concludes that the well reservoir management (WRM) strategy for heavy oil field is not same as the classical light oil waterflood. Nevertheless, the reservoir heterogeneity, oil column thickness and saturation history are also important influencing factors for variable water injection response in heavy oil field.
Wireline Retrievable ESP Deployment: Observation, Challenges and Intervention
Authors: Suhaimin Fadzlan , Oritola Nasir , Fang Bo Jun , Cheong Hing Kheong , Chan Yung Khiong
Published: April 2021

The Offshore Field X Project comprises of greenfield scope to expand the Waterflood scheme towards delivering the peak production levels similar to those achieved in the 1990s. Although various artificial lift systems have been successfully deployed in Brunei Shell Petroleum, offshore ESP installation, especially on this scale, is a first and a new journey for the company and its Offshore Assets in which gas lift was predominantly the artificial lift method.

The first offshore ESP well was only installed and kicked off in 2017 as part of the Field X Project. As wells are located offshore, cost, resources and logistics remain a challenge for well interventions. With a high workover cost associated with conventional ESP change out, a technology trial was embarked upon to install wireline retrievable ESP systems.

A total of 4 out of the 22 ESP wells were approved to be installed and completed with wireline retrievable ESP system on a pilot basis. The business goal was to prove the production deferment reduction and cost advantage for a failed ESP replacement. A critical selection process was followed as well as FAT/industry benchmarking in order to land on WRESP decision for the pilot. System installation and commissioning of the wells was completed by June 2019, however a series of start-up problems were encountered, leading to an intervention requirement to rectify 1 well. Job planning for this intervention was not straight forward and was classified as a high-risk job requiring regulator's approval. Rigorous logistics planning, integration of various vendors, detailed workflow analysis, intervention equipment stack up and modifications were among the planning scope conducted.

This paper captures details of the deployment value proposition, case success definition and challenges faced in ensuring all the installed WRESPs are up and running to enable the pilot performance proper evaluation. As no full workover has been executed yet due to the limited operating period, a lifecycle comparison between WL retrievable and conventional ESPs has not been done yet. Once sufficient performance data is available, a detailed study will be conducted to assess the performance of the WRESP system. This analysis will then conclude the technology trial and may change the future of ESP wells in BSP and Shell global.