bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in acute angle closure attack
Authors: Faheem Mohamed , Hassan Aliya Amjad
Published: April 2024

A female aged 56 years with a positive history of diabetes mellitus presented with severe headache and eye pain. On examination of her right eye, symptoms of acute angle closure attack such as congestion, corneal edema, and increased intraocular pressure were revealed. Fundus examination depicted anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) with pallid disc edema. Treatment involved IV mannitol, topical drugs, and laser peripheral iridotomy. Her visual acuity improved accompanied by a noticeable contraction of her visual field. This case emphasizes the importance of early identification and treatment, highlighting the peculiar association between acute primary angle closure and AION.
Bilateral severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy exacerbated by Ethiopian folk medicine: A case report
Authors: Gushansky Konstantin Yaakov , Iny Oren , Tal-Mushinski Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

This case report discusses a 48-year-old Ethiopian patient with Graves’ ophthalmopathy who turned to an Ethiopian folk remedy involving medicinal smoke, leading to the exacerbation of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Her condition deteriorated, resulting in severe visual impairment, proptosis, and spontaneous corneal perforation. This resulted in bilateral severe visual loss and evisceration of one eye. The case underscores the unique challenges of treating people of traditional cultures. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. Physicians must be vigilant about patients’ use of traditional medicine.
True exfoliation of the lens capsule: A case series
Authors: Venkataraman Prasanna , Ramanathan Anjana
Published: April 2024

True exfoliation syndrome is a rare condition, characterized by anterior capsular delamination. It is often undetected unless an examination is performed after good mydriasis. Though historically reported in glass blowers with prolonged heat exposure, other etiologies have also been proposed in the pathogenesis. Often underreported and under-detected, this can lead to capsulorrhexis complications during cataract surgery, if adequate attention is not paid to it. We report a series of true exfoliation syndrome in three South Indian patients and review the relevant literature.
Erosive-ulcerative blepharitis in a case of herpes labialis
Authors: Bharti Nisha , Singh Esha , Sharda Shipra
Published: April 2024

A 41-year-old male presented to the outpatient department with complaints of redness and pain in the left lower eyelid for 3 days. Left lower eyelid showed ulcer present laterally on the intermarginal strip with the bare mucosal surface. There was mild edema and conjunctival injection adjacent to the ulcer. He had a history of fever and perioral rashes for last 5 days. Tzanck smear from perioral lesions showed multinucleated giant cells. He was diagnosed with herpes labialis (HL) with ocular involvement. We would like to highlight the presence of erosive-ulcerative blepharitis in association with HL.
Expeditious resolution of disc and iris neovascularization
Authors: Temkar Shreyas , Behera Geeta , Ramachandar Hemanth , Agarwal Disha , Stephen Mary , Deb Amit Kumar
Published: April 2024

Intraocular neovascularization is seen commonly as a response to retinal ischemia or less commonly due to inflammation. Inflammatory iris neovascularization responds well to topical steroids, whereas retinal neovascularization associated with uveitic conditions responds to systemic steroids or periocular depot injections. This case highlights an unusually rapid resolution of disc neovascularization along with iris neovascularization just with topical steroids in a middle-aged lady diagnosed with bilateral panuveitis and retinal vasculitis. We presume it may be due to a spontaneous decrease in posterior segment inflammation or due to systemic vascular remodeling.
The efficacy of Punica granatum extract gel in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus in an Indian population: A clinical study
Authors: Mahapatra Subharina , Hebbale Manjula , Mhapuskar Amit , Halli Rajshekhar , Jadhav Santosh
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The autoimmune disorder, oral lichen planus (OLP), primarily affects oral mucous membranes. Current drug treatments are only palliative and have serious side effects. Pomegranate has been used as a potential herbal remedy for the treatment of OLP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study consisted of a sample size of 30 individuals who were diagnosed with symptomatic OLP based on both clinical and histological evidence and were equally assigned to Group A (4% topical Punica granatum seed extract gel, which has been customized for this particular study purpose only) and Group B (0.1% topical steroid). All patients were evaluated for the outcome criteria of pain, burning sensation, and lesion size.

RESULTS:

In the present study, results were highly statistically significant (P = 0.001) in intragroup observation for both Group A and Group B from baseline to the end of 30 days of follow-up for all three parameters. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for each week of follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

P. granatum has been used in very few studies, but this is one of the few where a gel made from P. granatum seed extract is used as an oral gel. In conclusion, it can be said that topical P. granatum extract gel is as good as topical corticosteroids at getting rid of the signs and symptoms of OLP, so it can be used as an alternative treatment.
Monkeypox: A re-emerging disease
Authors: Kaur Narinderpal , Dabar Jatin , Bassi Pallavi
Published: April 2024

The virus known as monkeypox is the source of the zoonotic disease monkeypox, which was historically widespread in Central Africa and West Africa. The cases of monkeypox in humans are uncommon outside of West and Central Africa, but copious nonendemic nations outside of Africa have recently confirmed cases. People when interact with diseased animals, then, they may inadvertently contact monkeypox. There are two drugs in the market: brincidofovir and tecovirimat and both of these drugs are permitted for the cure of monkeypox by the US Food and Drug Administration. The present review summarizes the various parameters of monkeypox in context with transmission, signs and symptoms, histopathological and etiological changes, and possible treatment. Monkeypox is clinically similar to that of smallpox infection but epidemiologically, these two are different, the present study also signifies the main differences and similarities of monkeypox to that of other infectious diseases. As it is an emerging disease, it is important to know about the various factors related to monkeypox so as to control it on a very early stage of transmission.
Sparse-view cone-beam computed tomography iterative reconstruction based on new multi-gradient direction total variation
Authors: Cui Junlong , Hou Yong , Jiang Zekun , Yu Gang , Ye Lan , Cao Qiang , Sun Qian
Published: April 2024

Aim:

The accurate reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) from sparse projections is one of the most important areas for study. The compressed sensing theory has been widely employed in the sparse reconstruction of CBCT. However, the total variation (TV) approach solely uses information from the i-coordinate, j-coordinate, and k-coordinate gradients to reconstruct the CBCT image.

Materials and Methods:

It is well recognized that the CBCT image can be reconstructed more accurately with more gradient information from different directions. Thus, this study introduces a novel approach, named the new multi-gradient direction total variation minimization method. The method uses gradient information from the ij-coordinate, ik-coordinate, and jk-coordinate directions to reconstruct CBCT images, which incorporates nine different types of gradient information from nine directions.

Results:

This study assessed the efficacy of the proposed methodology using under-sampled projections from four different experiments, including two digital phantoms, one patient’s head dataset, and one physical phantom dataset. The results indicated that the proposed method achieved the lowest RMSE index and the highest SSIM index. Meanwhile, we compared the voxel intensity curves of the reconstructed images to assess the edge structure preservation. Among the various methods compared, the curves generated by the proposed method exhibited the highest level of consistency with the gold standard image curves.

Conclusion:

In summary, the proposed method showed significant potential in enhancing the quality and accuracy of CBCT image reconstruction.
Gastrointestinal bleeding due to obstruction of the superior mesenteric vein
Authors: Liu Feng , Li Aiyin , Li Guijie , Liu Hairong
Published: April 2024

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common clinical symptom. Finding the underlying cause is the first step for treatment. In a few patients, this can be difficult. The present work reports on the unusual case of a 53-year-old man who presented gastrointestinal bleeding. No bleeding site was found by gastrocolonoscopy or interventional examination, but after multidisciplinary consultation, we discovered that the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding was the obstruction of the upper mesenteric vein.
Rational use of prescribing power of a physician
Authors: Rath Sudhanshu Kumar
Published: April 2024

Writing a prescription is a duty, responsibility and a power has to be used diligently. For various reasons, our prescription sometimes becomes longer than necessary. Multiple medications can be associated with adverse outcome. Co-prescription of proton pump inhibitors with analgesics and probiotics with antibiotics may not be required routinely. Human chorionic gonadotrophin for threatened abortion deserves a relook. Progesterone during pregnancy has been overstretched. Vitamins supplementation has its place only in specific situations but tends to be over-prescribed. A rational approach while prescribing would be scientific as well as pocket-friendly to the patient.
The effect of oxygen-inhibited layer and its inhibition technique on diametral tensile strength values of various nanofilled composite resin types
Authors: Hadi Steward , Tjandrawinata Rosalina , Fibryanto Eko
Published: April 2024

Aim:

To investigate the impact of different inhibitory techniques on the thickness of oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) value in various types of nanofilled composite resins.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six nanofilled composite resins specimens, consisting of packable, flowable, high-viscosity bulk-fill (HVBF), low-viscosity bulk-fill (LVBF), shaped as half disk (diameter: 6 mm and height 3 mm) and randomly allocated to three groups (n = 3): with Mylar strip, glycerin application, and without OIL inhibitors. OIL thickness was observed with an optical microscope. Furthermore, 60 specimens of composite resins were incrementally created in disk-shaped molds (diameter: 6 mm, height: 1.5 mm × 2 mm). DTS measurements were carried out using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Pearson’s correlation test (P < 0.05).

Results:

OIL inhibitor techniques (Mylar strip and glycerin) significantly affected OIL formation across various types of nanofilled composite resins (P < 0.05). Changes were also observed in how these techniques influenced DTS values. Correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between OIL thickness and DTS value.

Conclusions:

Application of Mylar strip and glycerin reduced OIL thickness and DTS values in packable, flowable, HVBF, LVBF nanofilled composite resins. Glycerin proved to be more effective than Mylar strips in reducing OIL thickness, which is reflected in the DTS values of nanofilled composite resins. Greater OIL layer thickness on the outermost layer of the nanofilled composite resin correlated with a higher DTS value.
Call to action: Addressing asthma diagnosis and treatment gaps in India
Authors: Swarnakar Rajesh , Dhar Raja
Published: April 2024

In comparison to the worldwide burden of asthma, although India contributes to 13% of the total asthma prevalence, it has a threefold higher mortality rate and more than twofold higher DALYs, indicating a substantial gap in asthma diagnosis and treatment. Asthma causes significant suffering, affecting people’s quality of life and draining the country’s resources; therefore, we must devise ways and means to fill these gaps. The most successful and cost-efficient strategy to battle asthma is to form strong partnerships between patients, the general public, the government, the pharmaceutical industry and non-governmental organisations. This necessitates a comprehensive approach that involves raising awareness, developing universally applicable recommendations, increasing access to high-quality asthma care, and other measures. The purpose of this article was to review the existing scenario of asthma management in India and the factors that contribute to it and devise unique and all-encompassing strategies to fill these gaps.
Aerosol drug therapy in critically ill patients (Aero-in-ICU study): A multicentre prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Singhal Sanjay , Gurjar Mohan , Sahoo Jyoti Narayan , Saran Sai , Dua Ruchi , Sahoo Alok Kumar , Sharma Ankur , Agarwal Sonika , Sharma Arun , Ghosh Pralay Shankar , Rao Parnandi Bhaskar , Kothari Nikhil , Joshi Krupal , Deokar Kunal , Mukherjee Sudipta , Sharma Prakhar , Sreedevi Billa PS , Sivaramakrishnan Prakash , Singh Umadri , Sundaram Dhivya , Agrawal Avinash , Katoch Chandan Dev Singh
Published: April 2024

Background:

In recent years, a significant understanding of delivering optimal aerosol therapy and the availability of various drugs and devices have led to an increase in its use in clinical practice. There are only a few studies available regarding their use in critically ill patients from a few parts of the world. We aimed to study the practice pattern of aerosol therapy in critically ill patients from Indian intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods:

After ethical approval, this multi-centric prospective observational study was performed over a study period of four weeks. Newly admitted adult patients considered who had an artificial airway and/or ventilation (including non-invasive). Patients were followed up for the next 14 days or until ICU discharge/death (whichever came first) for details of each aerosol therapy, including ongoing respiratory support, drug type, and aerosol-generating device.

Results:

From the nine participating centers across India, 218 patients were enrolled. Of 218 enrolled patients, 72.48% received 4884 aerosols with 30.91 ± 27.15 (95%CI: 26.6-35.1) aerosols per patient over 1108 patient days. Approximately 62.7% during IMV, 30.2% during NIV, 2.3% in spontaneously breathing patients with an artificial airway during weaning, and 4.7% were given without an artificial airway after weaning or decannulation. In 59%, a single drug was used, and bronchodilators were the most frequent. The jet nebulizer was the most common, followed by the ultrasonic and vibrating mesh aerosol generator. The ventilator setting was changed in only 6.6% of the aerosol sessions with IMV and none with NIV.

Conclusion:

Aerosol therapy is frequently used with a wide variation in practices; bronchodilators are the most commonly used drugs, and jet nebulizers are the most widely used.
Experience in Managing Posttraumatic Lumbar Kyphosis Patients with Multi-level Ponte Osteotomies and Posterior Spinal Fusion
Authors: Wibawa Ida Bagus Gede Adiguna , Awyono Steven , Bandun Kristian Gerry Raymond , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Kusuma Yosi Wanda
Published: April 2024

Posttraumatic kyphosis (PTK) is a spinal deformity resulting from severe trauma, posing significant challenges for surgical correction. PTK can lead to chronic pain and disability, necessitating careful evaluation and individualized treatment strategies. We present the case of a 50-year-old male with a decade-long history of PTK following a traumatic fall from a truck. Despite initial mobility, his condition worsened, affecting his posture and causing pain. Radiographic assessments revealed marked lumbar lordosis (LL) loss, positive sagittal vertebral axis, and pelvic parameters mismatch. Surgical planning involved multilevel Ponte osteotomy from L1 to L4 and posterior spinal fusion from Th10 to S1 to restore sagittal balance. Treating PTK is complex and technically demanding, with no universal approach due to the diversity of cases. Detailed diagnostics, including spinal alignment analysis and neurologic assessments, guide surgical decisions. Our patient’s successful treatment employed grade 1/2 Ponte osteotomies for lumbar correction, achieving improved sagittal balance and LL. However, an increase in pelvic incidence (PI) and persistent PI-LL mismatch was noted postsurgery, suggesting potential effects on the sacroiliac joint. Severe trauma can lead to PTK, necessitating meticulous evaluation and individualized surgical strategies. The primary goal is to alleviate neurological deficits and restore sagittal balance, with surgical choices tailored to each patient’s unique circumstances. Surgical correction may influence pelvic parameters, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive postoperative assessment and follow-up care.
Management of primary childhood glaucoma: Evaluation of practice, practice gaps, and needs in a low-resource country
Authors: Ugalahi Mary , Sarimiye Tarela Frederick , Obajolowo Tokunbo , Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Abdulrahman Amina , Olusanya Bolutife , Baiyeroju Aderonke
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the current practice, equipment availability, and training needs for managing childhood glaucoma in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

An online questionnaire (Google Forms) was distributed through E-mails and social media platforms of pediatric ophthalmologists and glaucoma specialists who practice in Nigeria and manage glaucoma in children aged 0–16 years. Information concerning sociodemographic characteristics, type of practice, location of practice, years of practice, status, and preferred practices in the management of childhood glaucoma cataracts were obtained and analyzed with SPSS.

Results:

Thirty (23.3%) out of 129 eligible participants indicated they perform glaucoma surgeries in children. The majority (66.6%) had practiced as specialists for 10 years or less, and 70% were pediatric ophthalmologists. A third of the respondents practiced in the country’s southwest region, with none in the Northeast region. The most common surgery performed for primary congenital glaucoma was combined trabeculotomy trabeculectomy, while trabeculectomy was the most common surgery performed for juvenile open-angle glaucoma. Two respondents reported performing glaucoma drainage device surgery and seven reported possessions of skills for goniotomy. All centers had trabeculectomy instrument sets, while three centers had facilities for endolaser cyclophotocoagulation, and only two centers had knives for goniotomy. Antimetabolites were routinely used for childhood glaucoma surgeries by 26 (86.7%) respondents, and the most common antimetabolite used was mitomycin (21; 80.8%).

Conclusion:

There is a need for the development of in-country training programs and the exchange of skills through collaboration among those providing glaucoma services within Nigeria to improve the care of children with glaucoma.
Taking Steps to Protect Patients at Times of Peak Vulnerability
Authors: Alderman Chris
Published: April 2024

In this edition of the journal, we see discussion of pharmacy services at the transitions of care–a setting where more investment of effort could probably realize substantial gains in medication safety. As practitioners with great potential to promote increased safety for people transitioning across different health care settings, pharmacists have an obligation to work to decrease the risk involved at those moments.
Korea Nurses’ Health Study and the health of reproductive-aged women: a cohort profile
Authors: Cha Chiyoung , Jung Heeja , Kim Sue , Lee Jung Eun , Ko Kwang-Pil , Cho Eunyoung , Park Hyun-Young , Lim Joong-Yeon , Song Bo Mi , Song Sihan , Park Soojin , Cho Aram
Published: April 2024

The Korea Nurses’ Health Study (KNHS) is an ongoing, large-scale, prospective cohort study of women nurses, focusing on the effects of occupational, environmental, and lifestyle factors on the health of women. The first KNHS survey was performed in 2013-2014 (n=20,613). As of December 2023, 11 follow-up surveys have been conducted. Participants who were pregnant were asked to participate in the early pregnancy survey (n=2,179) and postpartum survey after giving birth (n=2,790). The main variables included socio-demographic, work-related, lifestyle, physical, mental, and women’s health factors. Blood, urine, and toenail samples were collected from a participant subgroup of the first survey (n=1,983). The subgroups of the second survey completed a food frequency questionnaire in 2019 (n=300) and 2021 (n=871). In 2020, a subgroup of the first survey answered a coronavirus disease 2019-related survey (n=975). To examine various health-related factors in young adults, new participants were added to the KNHS cohort in the 11th (n=1,000) and 12th (n=1,002) surveys. The KNHS cohort will help identify health and illness determinants in Korean women. Data can be accessed at https://coda.nih.go.kr/frt/index.do.
¿Entrevista o encuesta?: Una diferencia necesaria
Authors: Blanchar Martinez Tatiana Carolina , Martinez Trujillo Nerys Esther
Published: April 2024

Sr editor.
En la revista se publicó un artículo de los autores Gómez Aguilar et al. (2015), resultado del proyecto de investigación acerca del comportamiento de la audiencia de televisión en las redes sociales, Una aproximación al perfil y programas más comentados. No obstante, es necesario establecer una diferencia relevante para el campo de la investigación que versa sobre los técnicas escogidas para la selección de los instrumentos aplicados a los informantes, según el paradigma y enfoque seleccionado para dar respuesta al problema de investigación.
En el artículo objeto de análisis en esta carta, se hace mención en el abstracts y en la población y muestra el uso de entrevista como técnica de recolección de información, sin embargo, se evidencia que la técnica escogida inicialmente por los autores está basada en las encuesta.
La técnica se refiere a las estrategias utilizadas para obtener la información necesaria y así desarrollar el entendimiento de lo que se está investigando, sin embargo, la entrevista como técnica está orientada a la interacción interpersonal entre el investigador y los individuos objeto de estudio, con el propósito de obtener respuestas verbales a las preguntas planteadas respecto al problema en cuestión (Lanuez y Fernández, 2014). Por otro lado, la encuesta es una técnica de recolección de datos que implica la formulación y administración de un conjunto de preguntas a una muestra representativa de individuos con el fin de recopilar información sobre una problemática en particular, suele ser ampliamente utilizada debido a que permite obtener datos de modo rápido y eficaz (Anguita et al., 2003).
No obstante, en caso de ser entrevista lo que los autores pretendían señalar, se debía orientar al lector de su uso preciso para la obtención de la información a través de la técnica e instrumentos seleccionados durante el proyecto y el enfoque mixto para la aplicación de entrevistas y encuestas según los objetivos trazados, además de contextualizar la forma en cómo se realizó y el tipo de muestreo utilizado, como también los aspectos metodológicos que se derivan de la misma.
Por lo antes mencionado, se recomienda el uso correcto del término entrevista para evitar discrepancias en la conceptualización.
Outcomes of Adjunctive Therapy with Open Arthrotomy for Patients with Septic Arthritis Due to Melioidosis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chittrakarn Sorawit , Siripaitoon Pisud , Kositpantawong Narongdet , Kanchanasuwan Siripen , Aiewruengsurat Duangkamol , Bintachitt Piyawat , Charoenmak Boonsri , Jullangkoon Monchana , Chusri Sarunyou
Published: April 2024

Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infection caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Septic arthritis caused by this infection is uncommon and difficult to treat. The role of adjunctive open arthrotomy in this type of infection has not yet been elucidated. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with microbiologically confirmed melioidosis between January 2002 and December 2022. Patients with a clinical condition of septic arthritis and positive cultures for B. pseudomallei were included. Comparisons were made between patients who received adjunctive therapy with open arthrotomy with conventional standard treatment and those who did not in terms of clinical outcomes and hospital expenditures. Of the 478 patients diagnosed with melioidosis microbiological confirmation, 81 patients had septic arthritis, accounting for 17% of cases. Among these patients, only 36 (44%) underwent adjunctive therapy with open arthrotomy. The 14-day and 30-day in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stays of patients who underwent adjunctive therapy with open arthrotomy were more favorable than those of patients who did not receive adjunctive therapy with open arthrotomy; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Patients who underwent adjunctive therapy with open arthrotomy had lower hospital expenditures (antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial costs) than those who did not undergo open arthrotomy. Adjunctive therapy with open arthrotomy for patients with septic arthritis due to melioidosis was associated with favorable clinical outcomes and significantly lower hospital expenditures.
MRI Evaluation of Vasculopathy and Additional Intracranial Manifestations in Morning Glory Disc Anomaly
Authors: Heller Gordon David , Kumar Manvinder Singh
Published: April 2024

Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is rare, but its fundoscopic findings are well documented in the ophthalmologic literature. It is sporadic, without sexual predisposition, and usually unilateral. Furthermore, it is associated with numerous central nervous system anomalies, including vasculopathy. This case series reports four pediatric patients over a 3-year period in whom ophthalmologic evaluation identified MGDA. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography were subsequently performed to assess for associated intracranial vascular anomalies. This report is of significance because it demonstrates the spectrum of intracranial vasculopathy in this rare entity.
Model infiltracji Jeżowa a zajęcie Krymu przez Federację Rosyjską
Authors: Świerczek Marek
Published: April 2024

The author analysed the scale of betrayal among the officers and officials of the Ukrainian state during the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014. The main research problem was an attempt to explain the anomaly in the activities of the special services in the form of recruiting 1,400 officers of the Ukrainian SBU to the Russian FSB. In an attempt to explain this phenomenon in the practice of secret services, the author used the theory of offensive intelligence and counter-intelligence created and developed in the USSR from the early 1920s, as well as the findings of cognitive psychology regarding the phenomenon of projection as the main mechanism for explaining the behavior of other people. Thanks to the synthesis of psychology and the analysis of the theoretical achievements of the Soviet secret services, the author put forward a hypothesis about the mass recruitment of the SBU officers in the Crimea long before the annexation. According to the author, the main mechanisms of mass recruitment of agents in order to control the opponent’s organisation were broadly understood corruption and cronyism characteristic to the post-Soviet area.
Prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis in goats in western Algeria
Authors: Belabdi Ibrahim , El Amine Bekara Mohammed , Djebbar Abla , Sebaihia Mohammed , Ait Issad Nassima , Mimoune Nora
Published: April 2024

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a frequent disease in dairy goats that negatively impact milk quality and yield, leading to substantial economic losses. This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of SCM and its associated risk factors among dairy goats in western Algeria. The study included 22 farms, and data on risk factors were collected using a questionnaire administered to the farmers. A total of 150 goats, with no clinical signs of mastitis, were randomly selected to determine the prevalence of SCM, using the California Mastitis Test. The Generalised Linear Mixed Model was used to identify the risk factors. The estimated prevalence of SCM was 20.7%. The results of the model indicated that the risk of SCM is significantly higher in does that had dirty udders, raised in unclean barns, were multiparous or in the late stage of lactation. Our findings emphasise the importance of appropriate herd management practices in reducing the prevalence of SCM in dairy goat herds.
The Effectiveness Level of Administrative Performance among Druze Arab School Principals in the Green Line and its Relationship with Effectiveness of Job Performance among Teachers
Authors: Njem Saleh Ali , Salameh Kayed Muhammad
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to determine the level of the effectiveness of administrative performance among Druze Arab School principals in the Green Line and its relationship with effectiveness of Job Performance among teachers. A descriptive correlational methodology was used, through the administrative performance effectiveness questionnaire, which consisted of (39) items, and the job performance effectiveness questionnaire, which included (31) items, and its validity and reliability indications were confirmed. The sample consisted of (409) Principals and teachers. Results indicated that the level of effectiveness of administrative performance and domains among Druze Arab School principals in the green line and the degree of effectiveness of job performance and domains, among Teachers were moderate; A statistically significant positive correlation between the level of effectiveness of administrative performance and effectiveness of job performance among teachers. The study recommended made several recommendations.
The Effect of an Inquiry Strategy Based on Employing Educational Explanations in the Acquisition of Scientific Concepts among Third-Grade Students
Authors: Momani Orjwana Mohammad , Banikhalaf Mahmood hasan
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to identifying the effect of of an inquiry strategy based on employing educational explanations in the acquisition of scientific concepts among third-grade students. The study sample consisted of two divisions with a total of (39) students. One of these divisions was randomly selected to be a control group. It consisted of (19) students. The educational material was taught in the usual method. The other was an experimental group. Consisted of (20) students. The educational material was taught using a directed inquiry strategy based on the employment of educational explanations. To achieve the objectives of the study, the quasi- experimental methodology was used. A test for acquiring scientific concepts was prepared. The findings showed that there was a significance slgnificant difference at (α≤0.05), in favor of the experimental group that was taught by using directed inquiry strategy based on employing educational explanations. The size of the effect was large according to the standard used in the study. The study also showed a positive correlation between the acquisition of scientific concepts and achievement in science. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended to use this strategy in teaching science text topics to achieve better learning.
The Application Degree of the Jordanian Public Universities of the (QS (World University Rankings Standards and Proposed Educational Policies to Improve their Ranking in this Classification
Authors: Hamdan Musa Abdullah , Al-Soud Rateb Salameh
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to determine the degree to which Jordanian public universities apply the standards of the World University Rankings (QS) and proposed educational policies to improve their ranking in this world ranking. The descriptive survey methodology was used. The study sample consisted of (285) academic leaders from Jordanian public universities who were selected using a random cluster sampling method. The results of the study indicated that the degree of application of the Jordanian public universities to the standards of the world university rankings (QS) from the point of view of academic leaders was moderate in all five domains of study, which were: academic reputation, scientific research, international dimension, job reputation, and. Academic accreditation. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between the mean of the study sample members’ perceptions of the degree to which Jordanian public universities apply the standards of the world university rankings (QS) according to the variables of job position and university. In light of the results of the study, a group of educational policies were proposed to improve the ranking of these universities in this world university rankings (QS).
Sources of Psychological Stress among Married and Unmarried Women in Light of some Variables at Ramtha District
Authors: Khataibeh Siham Hassan , Al- Momani Fawwaz Ayoub
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study is to investigate the sources of psychological stress among married and non-married women at Ramtha district according to educational level, marital status, and job status. The sample consisted of (739) married and unmarried women, selected through convenient sampling. To achieve the objectives of the study, a tool to measure the sources of psychological stress was developed. The findings of the study showed that there are significant statistical differences in the domains of the sources of psychological stress (social stress, economic stress) due to the marital status in favor of married women. There were no statistically significant differences in the sources of psychological stress due to the educational level, and there were no statistically significant differences in the domains of the sources of psychological stress (family stress, psychological stress) due to the marital status. Further; there were no statistically significant differences in the sources of stress domains due to job. The study recommended providing counseling programs for married and unmarried women to face psychological stress.
The Availability Degree of Internationalization Requirements in Public Libyan Universities in Light of the Experiences of Developed Countries
Authors: Al-Azaibi Laila Muftah Faraj , Al-Soud Rateb Salameh
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to find out the availability degree of internationalization requirements in Libyan public universities in light of the experiences of developed countries. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive survey methodology was used. The study population consisted of all 15451 faculty members in the Libyan public universities, while the sample consisted of 362 members, who where chosen by using the stratified random method.
The results indicated that the availability degree of internationalization requirements of Libyan universities in light of the experiences of developed countries was low. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between the mea of the responses of the study sample members about their estimation of the availability degree of internationalization requirements of Libyan public universities due to the variables of college type or job position, while there were statistically significant differences due to the academic rank variable in favor of the lecturer category.
In Light of these Results, Some Recommendat were Presented to Activate the Internation of Public Libyan Universities, in Light of the Developed Countries.
The Degree of Human Relations Practice in Leadership among Kindergarten Supervisors and Its Relationship to Job Performance in light of the Corona Crisis Management of Nannies inside the Green Line
Authors: Bakri Sana Mahmood , Jubran Ali Mohammad , Al-Twalba Hadi
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to discover thet degree of practicing the human relations of kindergartens’ supervisors and their relationship with job performance during the Corona crisis among nannies within the green line. The Researchers used the descriptive correlational survey methodology. The study sample consisted of (386) educators, they were randomly selected. Two questionnaires were used to collect information. The first was used to measure the degree of human relations use in leadership. It consisted of (24) items divided into (3) domains, which were (human interaction, moral stimulation, and effective communication). The second was used to measure the level of job performance. It consisted of (21) items divided into (3) domains of (planning and executing tasks, decision-making, performance, and continuity assessment). The results showed a strong relationship between kindergarten supervisors and their relationship with job performance. According to these results, the researchers recommended organizing training courses to enhance the human relations leadership of the supervisors.
The Degree to Which High School Students Represent the Values of Psychological, Media and Social Security that are Included in Islamic Education Curricula in Kuwait from their Point of View
Authors: Al-Otaibi Mazed Ali , Al-Maqosi Yaseen Ali
Published: April 2024

The study aimed at revealing the degree of representation of high school students in Kuwait for the values of psychological, media and social security that are included in the Islamic Education curricula; in light of the variables of gender, class, and educational area in Kuwait from their point of view. The study followed the descriptive survey methodology. A questionnaire was designed; consisting of (40) items, divided into three domains (psychological, media and social security) and consisting of 432 randomly chosen high school students (10th, 11th and 12th) during the first semester of the year 2021/ 2022. The results showed a high score in all domains, and no statistically significant differences were shown due to the variables of gender or educational district. Statistically significant differences emerged in different classes and in favor of the twelfth grade. In light of the results, the study put forward many recommendations such as the importance of taking into consideration media security and the various behaviors in the new media.
A Proposd Perception for Developing University Administration in Saudi Universities to Achieve Competitive Advantage (Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University as a Model)
Authors: Al Khathlan Mansour Zaid Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to identify the reality of the role of university administration in Saudi universities in order to achieve the competitive advantage from the point of view of university leaders at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University as a model, and to develop a proposed perception for the development of university management in Saudi universities to achieve competitive advantage. The study used the descriptive developmental methodology. The questionnaire was used as a tool to obtain data, and the study sample was (172). The study found that the reality of the role of university administration in Saudi universities in achieving competitive advantage was medium. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables of gender and years of experience.
Perceptions of Vocational Education Students at Al-Balqa Applied University toward Vocational Education
Authors: Al-alawneh Khawla Mahmoud , Al-Hejazi Abdelhakeem Y.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of vocational education students at Al-Balqa Applied University toward vocational education. The sample of the study comprised 768 students enrolled in the second semester of the academic year 2021/2022. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive survey methodology was used.A questionnaire consisting of 32 items was designed. The questionnire items fell into four categories: Syllabi, vocational advising, educational environment, and local community viewpoint about vocational education. Results of the study revealed that students’ perceptions toward vocational educations are within a ‘medium’ level. Further, the study revealed no significant statistical differences at (∝=0.05) value in the responses of the subjects of the study attributed to the two variables of academic year and university college and there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (∝ = 0.05) in the responses of the study sample due to the gender variable and in favor of females. Considering these results, the study recommended raising the community awareness about the significance of vocational education and improving the way people perceive it.
Aktif Çamur Ünitelerinde Artan Organik Yük Karşısında Reaktör Hacmini Arttırmadan Uygulanabilecek Stratejiler
Authors: Özkaymak Gülayşe , Tazhıeva Arailym , Barca Burkay , Aktaş Büşra , Acar Ebru , Zeybek Miray , Varol Yonca , Şener Zelal , Çoban Tuba
Published: April 2024

Göçmen nüfusunun aşırı artışı, şehirde organik kirletici üreten sanayi dallarının (ör. gıda endüstrisi) plansız artışı ya da sanayi sahalarının hızlı büyümesi projeksiyon süresinden önce atık su arıtma tesislerinin büyütülmesini gerektirir. Aktif çamur ünitelerinin artan yük karşısında hacminin büyütülmesinden önce uygulanabilecek bazı stratejiler bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede bu stratejiler giriş toplam ve biyolojik parçalanabilir KOİ konsantrasyonu sırasıyla 500 ve 450 mg/L olan kurgusal bir atık su ile tartışılmıştır. Yapılan modellemede debi 1000 m3/gün’den 3000 m3/gün’e arttırılmıştır. Debinin üç katına çıkmasına karşılık artan organik yükün reaktörde arıtımı için, XSS konsantrasyonunun 2 kg/m3’den 6 kg/m3’e artması ile, ya da çamur yaşının 8’den 2’ye azaltılması, reaktördeki spesifik büyüme oranının artması için sıcaklık uygulaması ya da çökeltim yerine membran filtrasyonu stratejileri uygulanabilir görünmektedir. Her bir strateji uygulama sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ile birlikte anlatılmıştır.
Integrating Rock Typing and Petrophysical Evaluations to Enhance Reservoir Characterization for Mishrif Formation in Garraf Oil Field
Authors: Alrekabi Hayder , Al-Fatlawi Omar
Published: April 2024

Accurate reservoir characterization is essential for successful hydrocarbon extraction, especially in complex fields such as the Garraf Oil Field. This study aims to enhance reservoir characterization by integrating different petrophysical assessments and rock typing methodologies. Density, neutron, and sonic porosity evaluations were used to assess porosity, while gamma-ray logs and resistivity measurements were used to determine shale volume. The Archie equation was employed to estimate water saturation and sensitivity analysis was used to determine the cutoff values. The study also utilized rock typing techniques, including hydraulic flow unit assessment and Rock fabric number cross-plots, to categorize reservoir rocks into flow units and identify unique rock types. The combination of these approaches led to the precise identification of reservoir heterogeneities and optimal oil production zones. The results showed that the Gamma-ray log is the best method for determining shale volume, and the closest method for porosity determination is the density log. The water resistivity value was estimated at 0.016, while the Archie parameters (a,m,n) were 1.1, 2.1, and 3.7, respectively, with cutoff values of 0.22 for shale volume, 0.11 for porosity, and 0.56 for water saturation. The study identified five rock types ranging from packstone, pack to wackstone, wackstone, wack to mudstone, and mudstone. Overall, the integration of petrophysical evaluations and rock typing techniques facilitates the accurate delineation of oil-rich zones with enhanced reservoir connectivity.
Quantifying Meteorological Drought Severity for the Watersheds in Euphrates River Basin, Central Euphrates District, Iraq
Authors: Muhammad Zahraa , Obead Imad
Published: April 2024

Drought is a major natural extreme event that can cause significant damage to water resources. This study investigated the implications of drought for Watersheds in Euphrates River basin in Iraq which includes Hilla, Karbala, Najaf, Diwaniyah, and Najaf.. It was found that had an adverse impact on the study region. Among the most often used drought assessment indices globally are the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and its version, the Standard Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI).The study evaluated several probability distribution functions to model rainfall and water balance in Iraq. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test and the Anderson–Darling (A–D) test were used to test the goodness-of-fit for rainfall and water balance. The log-normal distribution was found to be the best fit for rainfall at approximately 40% of the stations considered, while the generalized logistic distribution (genlog) was the best fit for water balance at approximately 80% of the stations considered. The study also found that the extreme droughts in Samwah in 2012 and Diwiniyah in 1999 had the highest severity values of -2.8957 in SPI-12 and SPEI-12, respectively.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Sediments of Diyala River Lower Reaches, Eastern Iraq
Authors: Mijbas Younis , Fayidh Mohammed , Nasif Raad
Published: April 2024

Investigating the heavy metals in soil is important to the life of humans and living organisms. Diyala River Lower Reaches was chosen due to the changes in environmental characteristics that took place in recent years. Twelve sediment samples were collected from four different sites. The physical, and chemical properties and the concentrations of nine heavy metals were indicated. The results showed that the average concentrations of arsenic, copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc are 8.5, 45.7, 538.5, 12.2, 5.07, 991.7, 183.5, 16.07, 136.5 ppm, respectively. They reflect contamination with arsenic, chromium, and nickel, while they are free of lead, and zinc contamination, according to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) sediment quality guidelines. The measured contamination indices (the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), degree of pollution (Cdeg), geographical accumulation index (Igeo), and pollution load index (PLI)), reflected high contamination factor for arsenic and chromium, and medium for manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc, while low for copper and cobalt. Based on all the results in all sampling sites indicate the presence of heavy element contamination in the sediments of the Diyala River Lower Reaches.