bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal instability in various generations of human mesenchymal stem cells following the therapeutic radiation doses
Authors: Moghadam Majid Sadeghi , Azimian Hosein , Afshari Jalil Tavakol , Toossi Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni , Farkhad Najmeh Kaffash , Aghaee-Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid
Published: February 2023

Background:Radiotherapy is thecrucial treatment for most malignancies, however; it has short and long-term side effects. The occurrence of secondary cancer following radiation-induced genomic instability in stem cells is an important long-term side effect of radiation therapy. The radiation response of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) is critical in cancer patients who are treated with radiotherapy for hMSCs lifetime proliferative potential. Evaluation of genomic instability in human mesenchymal stem cells at different radiation doses and times, and examining the relative expression of some effective genes, have been the objectives of this study.Methods:After extraction, characterization, and expansion of hMSCs, they were irradiated for 0, 0.5, 2, and 6 Grays. Nuclear alterations were evaluated at 2, 10, and 15 days after irradiation using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. As well as TP53, Bax, Bcl2, and KRAS gene expressions were analyzed 48 hours post-irradiation for genomic response evaluation.Results:The mean incidence of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds incidences were 4.8±1.6, 47.6±6, and 18±2.6, respectively, 48 hours after the fourth passage in the non-irradiated (control) group for one thousand binucleated cells. Micronuclei incidences in 0.5, 2, and 6 grays radiation groups were 14.3±4.9, 32.3±6.5 and 55±9.1 respectively in 48 hours after irradiation and 12.6±1.5, 19±5.5, and 22.3±5.2, respectively ten days post-irradiations. Conclusion: Low levels of nuclear alterations as genomic instability markers were seen in various cell generations of control groups, which must be considered for cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications. In the irradiated groups, chromosomal aberration increased significantly with the dose, 2days post-irradiation due to a disproportionate increase in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and high expression of the KRAS gene. significant nuclear alterations were seen in the tenth to fifteenth generations of irradiated hMSCs due to radiation-induced genomic instability which may persuade secondary malignancies in the following years after the radiotherapy treatment of patients.
Magnetic and Resistivity Imaging of a probable Fault within the Precambrian Crystalline Rocks in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Bayowa Oyelowo Gabriel , Fawole Olamide , Olorunfemi Martins Olusola , Ajagbe Sordiq Obafemi , Oni Ademakinwa George , Adelere Isaiah Oluwadara , Ajibade Monsur Olawale , Ajibola Febisola Esther
Published: February 2023

A linear geological structure which is suspected to be a fault within the Precambrian Basement Complex rocks of Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria is found in the geological map of Ogbomoso Southwest Sheet 222. The ground magnetic and electrical resistivity methods were used to investigate the structure and determine its physical characteristics. Five (5) traverses with lengths varying from 700–800 m and trending NNW-SSE (N338oW) were established perpendicularly (ENE-WSW, N68oE) to the suspected fault. Total magnetic field data were acquired at 10 m interval, corrected for diurnal variation and inverted using the Geosoft Oasis Montaj software package. Dipole-Dipole resistivity data were acquired on the traverses using a dipole length of 20 m with expansion factor n varying from 1 to 5 and modelled to generate 2D resistivity structures with the DIPPRO™ software package. Thirty-seven (37) depth sounding data were acquired, quantitatively interpreted and the results used to generate geoelectric sections along the suspected geologic features. Three (3) parallel linear features F1-F1, F2-F2 and F3-F3 characterized by peak negative (-110 to -20 nT) magnetic anomalies typical of thin and thick dykes (in low magnetic latitude) and low resistivity vertical discontinuities (˃ 188 m deep, 30–153 m wide) within 2D resistivity structures, were identified across the five traverses. F1-F1 coincided with the suspected fault, F1-F1. F2-F2 and F3-F3 are parallel and suspected to be syngenetic with F1-F1. The absence of a significant vertical displacement, typical of normal faulting, in the basement bedrock on the 2D geoelectric sections corroborated the inference of strike slip faulting from the geological map.
Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of Curcuma longa (Turmimax®) on Hela cell lines
Authors: H.M Firoz , S Nanjundaiah , C.T Sadashiva , Benny Neethumol , Y Rashmi , A.K Sreedrisya
Published: February 2023

Turmeric's main ingredient, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), is a polyphenol obtained from the Curcuma longa plant. Since curcumin is nontoxic and has a wide range of medicinal qualities, including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial action, it has been widely employed in Ayurvedic medicine for ages. Curcumin has recently been discovered to have anti-cancer properties through its impact on numerous biological pathways that are involved in carcinogenesis, metastasis, tumorigenesis, cell cycle regulation, mutagenesis, and oncogene expression. In this study, we determined the antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of C. longa (Turmimax®) on human cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated against HeLa cell lines using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. A flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect apoptotic cell death. Turmimax® exhibits promising properties as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic agent in human cervical adenocarcinomas and possibly other cancer types, with an IC50 value of 87.89µg/mL. In HeLa cells treated with Turmimax®, cell cycle arrest was seen at the G0/G1 and S phases. By inducing apoptosis and increasing the number of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner, the experimental data suggest that Turmimax® has considerable promise in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Pathway Engineering of Multicomponent Self-Assembly in M12L24 Nanospheres using Pseudorotaxanes
Authors: Bouwens Tessel , Bobylev Eduard , Poole David , Mathew Simon , Reek Joost
Published: February 2023

Selective formation of multicomponent structures via the self-assembly of numerous building blocks is ubiquitous in biological systems but challenging to emulate synthetically. The energy landscape for product formation broadens with increasing number of components, introducing kinetic intermediates with trap-state ability. Therefore, pathway engineering becomes an essential tool to navigate these complex kinetic landscapes and push self-assembly to greater limits. Here, we report an example of pathway engineering in the self-assembly of cuboctahedral M12L24 nanospheres through pseudorotaxane formation to the exo-functionalized ligands. Without ring in solution for pseudorotaxane formation, a Pdx–Ly polymer resting-state is rapidly formed. Solutions with ring exhibit rapid nanosphere formation from small Pdx–Ly oligomers, with Pdx–Ly polymer formation bypassed. The threading of ring to an exo-functionalized ligand therefore directs the self-assembly pathway toward nanosphere formation. As the process of pseudorotaxane formation increases rate of nanosphere formation, the ring effectively acts as a supramolecular catalyst for nanosphere self-assembly.
Analysis of the moderating effect on cultivated land and poverty incidence based on geographical weighted regression
Authors: Feng Duxian , He Yawen , Ren Zhoupeng
Published: February 2023

Despite economic progress and reducing poverty, poverty remains one of the world’s major problems. Cropland is fundamental for agricultural production and social development in rural areas. Previous research has theoretically discussed the relationship between cultivated land and poverty incidence from the perspective of spatial poverty. The linkage between arable land use and poverty incidence is ambiguous, and other regional conditions’ moderation effect has seldom been investigated. Seven geographical indicators and four interaction terms were used to explore the moderating effect of other factors between cultivated land and poverty incidence in Linyi based on geographical weighted regression. The results demonstrate-d that environmental factors moderated the relationship between cultivated land resources and the incidence of poverty. Specifically, we found spatial nonstationarity of moderation effect associated with the elevation difference. The moderation effect of road and accessibility with cultivated land presented different directions and strengths of the association in two datasets grouped by the median of elevation. Based on these findings, we expect this paper to provide valuable insights into analyzing the poverty of complexity of interaction with the environment.
Comparison of Prognosis Between Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in the Emergency Department: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Po-Yao , Shih Hong-Mo , Huang Szu-Wei , Pan Yan-Cheng , Huang Fen-Wei , Chen Wei-Kung , Yu Shao-Hua
Published: February 2023

Background
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is a standard treatment option for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The difference between the efficacy of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in the emergency department (ED) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unknown. The present study compared the in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates between patients with AMI treated with clopidogrel and those treated with ticagrelor in the ED before PCI.
Methods
We retrospectively collected the data of patients diagnosed as having AMI in the ED. Patients were only included if they had successfully received complete DAPT with aspirin and ticagrelor/clopidogrel in the ED and had undergone PCI. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their DAPT regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital MACEs. The secondary outcomes included an unexpected return to the ED within 72 h, readmission within 14 d, and revascularization.
Results
1836 patients were enrolled. Patients in the ticagrelor group had a lower in-hospital MACE rate (3.01% versus 7.51%, P < .001) and in-hospital mortality rate (2.15% versus 5.70%, P < .001) than those in the clopidogrel group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed ticagrelor was independently associated with a lower risk of in-hospital MACEs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32–0.88, P = .013). By conditional logistic regression with a propensity score matching, similar results were found (OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.91, P = .028)
Conclusion
DAPT with ticagrelor and aspirin in the ED before PCI is associated with a lower in-hospital MACE rate among patients with AMI.
A Model for Early Detection of Stuck Pipe Using Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Duan Jiehong , Tian Yujie , Long Ethan , Long Wei
Published: February 2023

Stuck pipe remains as one of the major risks in the drilling operation that could cause significant non-productive time (NPT). The earlier stuck pipe risk is predicted and mitigated, the higher the chance of preventing its occurrence in the first place. In this study, a new model was proposed using random forest (RF) algorithm together with sliding window technique to quickly detect the symptoms of potential stuck pipe, by capturing the hidden pattern and trends of certain real-time drilling parameters (hook load, Torque, standpipe pressure and weight on bit) fall outside of the boundaries calculated dynamically from the Pauta Criterion. After being trialed on wells for both offshore and unconventional, the developed model is able to give the early indication of an impending stuck pipe from 3 minutes to 43 minutes ahead of its actual occurrence, thus leave the rig crew valuable time window to take proper interventions.
Prevalence of dry eye disease among IT students in Pakistan
Authors: Sarwat Sidra , Mamoon Izma , Ayub Fareeha
Published: February 2023

Background:
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common tear film disorder caused by decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation. The increased use of computers in the workplace has brought about the development of ocular health concerns, including dry eye disease. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of DED associated with computer work and recommend preventing or reducing its development. This study investigated the prevalence of DED among IT students in Dera Ghazi Khan.
Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 327 undergraduate students of the IT department in the district of Dera Ghazi khan over five months from September 2021 to January 2022. DED was assessed subjectively with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Data were analysed using SPSS version 21. The quantitative analysis was presented as mean and standard deviation, and qualitative variables were introduced in frequency and percentages. The chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test) was used to study the significance of associations between dependent and independent variables.
Results:
The mean age of the participants was 20.25 ± 1.305 years (range, 17–25). The prevalence of DED among computer programmers was 47.7%. This study showed that gender (p = 0.31), contact lens usage (p = 0.64), and duration of time spent on computer display units (p = 0.47) were not significant determinants of DED among computer programmers.
Conclusion:
DED is prevalent among IT students, along with different symptoms. However, further studies are required to adequately measure the prevalence of DED during longer exposure time to computer screens and explore environmental risk factors.
Compliance with COVID-19 public health and social preventive measures among Employees of Jimma zone, Ethiopia: Application of Health Belief Model
Authors: Teshome Firanbon , Kebede Ayantu , Kebede Alemi , Belina Sena , Tadele Afework
Published: February 2023

Background
COVID-19 is still threatening the world and has health, social, economic and political crisis. COVID-19 preventive measures are of having paramount importance for the disease mitigation. Governmental and private employees’ compliance with COVID-19preventive measures are highly important in influencing their friends, spouse, families and community at the large to adhere to the preventive measures.
Objectives
Compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among employees of Seka and Kersa districts, Jimma zone, Ethiopia, 2020.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from 4–22 January 2021. A total of 395 employees from randomly selected of public and private institutions were participated in the study. The data were collected using a pre-tested structured tool. The collected data were entered to EPI data manager version 4.6 and exported to Stata version 16.0 for analyses. Descriptive analyses were performed as necessary. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify determinants of compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the presence and strength of association.
Results
This study showed that nearly three fourth (74.68%) of employees were compliant with the COVID-19 preventive measures. Being employees of private institution (adjusted β = 3.12; 95% CI 0.31 to 5.94; p = 0.030), having history of chronic illness (adjusted β = 4.06; 95% CI 1.58 to 6.54; p = 0.001), perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (adjusted β = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.61; p = 0.001), self-efficacy to utilize the preventive measures (adjusted β = 0.70; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86; p < 0.001) and existence of reminders/cues to utilize the preventive measures (adjusted β = 0.47; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.67; p < 0.001) had statistically significant association with COVID-19 preventive measures.
Conclusions
We found that one fourth of the employees were non-compliant with COVID-19 preventive measures. Type of working institution, respondents’ history of chronic illness, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, self-efficacy to utilize the preventive measures and existence of reminders /cues to utilize the preventive measures predicted employees’ compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. Therefore, behaviour change communication and interventions strategies guided by health belief model need to be considered by stakeholders.
The effectiveness of the prevention and control methods applied towards the elimination of malaria in Botswana
Authors: Saudu Collen , Mokgothu Thuso Solomon , Ntebela Davies S , Bakani Lebogang , Molongwane Charles
Published: February 2023

Background
In 2008, the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Botswana was inspired by an overall decline of malaria prevalence within the population from 4.2% in 2000 to less than 1% in 2008. These results motivated the Government of Botswana to re-orientate strategy towards the elimination of malaria by 2018. Heavy rainfalls in 2017 led to an epidemic which caused a huge setback to their goal. This setback was especially due to the malaria cases reported in the South-East District, a region not classified as endemic in Botswana. This study examines the progress, effectiveness, and challenges of prevention and control methods for the successful elimination of malaria in Botswana.
Materials & Methods
Retrospective data about cases of malaria in Botswana covering endemic districts, and data about Indoor Residual Spray (IRS), Long -Lasting Insecticides Nets (LLINs) and larviciding from 2000 to 2018 were obtained from the Botswana MOH. Rainfall data from the Department of Metrological Services were also obtained. Intervention datasets were compared against rainfall amount and number of cases to establish their relationship.
Results
There is a significant difference between percentage of malaria incidence and percentage of mean annual rainfall in Botswana. A moderate positive correlation of 0.49 was reported with a p-value of 0.108 and t-value of 1.7652. Intensifying interventions in Botswana had no effect on number of cases based on this study. IRS coverage and intensity increased over years from 52.02% (2011) to 84.70% (2017), yet one heavy rainfall season resulted in increased cases of malaria in Botswana.
Conclusions
Improved forecasting can be used to predict malaria in Botswana, indicating malaria prevalence in Botswana is heavily dependent on the climate. IRS, LLINs, and larviciding should be carried out at the right time, not after mosquito numbers have increased and consistently without failure, to eliminate malaria. The steep decline in cases of malaria from 2000 to 2013 was likely due to the dry weather, not control methods applied.
Reference-quality bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance
Authors: Morales Ariadna , Dong Yue , Brown Thomas , Baid Kaushal , Kontopoulos Dimitrios , Gonzalez Victoria , Huang Zixia , Ahmed Alexis , Hilgers Leon , Winkler Sylke , Hughes Graham , Li Xiaomeng , Kirilenko Bogdan , Devanna Paolo , Lama Tanya , Nissan Yomiran , Pippel Martin , Dávalos Liliana , Vernes Sonja , Puechmaille Sebastien , Rossiter Stephen , Yovel Yossi , Prescott Joe , Kurth Andreas , Ray David , Lim Burton , Myers Eugene , Teeling Emma , Banerjee Arinjay , Irving Aaron , Hiller Michael
Published: February 2023

Bats carry viruses that can cause severe disease in other mammals. Asymptomatic infections in bats suggest limited tissue-damaging inflammation and immunopathology. To investigate the genomic basis of disease resistance, the Bat1K project generated reference-quality genomes of ten bat species. A systematic analysis showed that signatures of selection in immune genes are more prevalent in bats compared with other mammals. We found an excess of immune gene adaptations in the ancestral Chiroptera and many descending bat lineages, highlighting viral entry and detection factors, and regulators of antiviral and inflammatory responses. ISG15, an antiviral gene contributing to hyperinflammation during COVID-19, exhibits a deletion of a cysteine, required for homodimer formation, in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats. Cellular infection experiments showed enhanced intracellular protein conjugation of bat ISG15 and lack of secretion into extracellular space, where human ISG15 stimulates inflammation. Our work highlights molecular mechanisms contributing to viral tolerance and disease resistance in bats.
Salinity tolerance screening in Iranian and Afghan melons (Cucumis melon) based on several associated morphological and physiological traits
Authors: Hekmat Hikmatullah , Haghighi Maryam , Eshghizade Hamid Reza , Banitalebi Golnoosh
Published: February 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salinity on some physiological and morphological traits of native Iranian and Afghan melon cultivars using a split-plot experiment with a randomized complete block design and three replications. Two salinity levels (2 and 8 dSm-1 NaCl) and 39 cultivars from Iran and Afghanistan were utilized. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salinity stress on growth and yield and recommend the tolerant genotype(s). PCA comparisons were done between biochemical and morphological parameters. The sensitive and tolerant cultivar was chosen based on proximity to high yield, morphological characteristics, and distance from stress indices. The biplot results showed a high correlation between vitamin C traits with soluble solids, proline, and relative water content and a negative correlation with Fv/Fm ratio. These indices are good indicators for identifying saline resistance cultivars. Salinity stress increased electrolyte leakage, proline concentration, total antioxidant activity, Na content, vitamin C, organic acid, and total soluble solids. In addition, salinity decreased the yield, mean fruit weight, firmness, fruit length, fruit width, internal cavity length, internal cavity width, flesh thickness and fruit peel thickness, Fv/Fm ratio, greenness index, relative water content, leaf K.. The highest concentrations of Na and K were found in the G-SHI cultivar under salinity, while the highest concentrations of Na and K were found in the Tork cultivar under non-saline conditions. Based on the results, two types of Tork and Zank melon were recommended to plant in saline conditions.
Estimation of whole blood HbA1c by aptamer based colorimetric assay using gold nanoparticles- A Novel Aproach
Authors: Devi Rooma , Chauhan Aman , Kumar Prabhat , Pundir C.S.
Published: February 2023

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that can cause several complications representing one of the most important health concerns now a-days. Aptamers are short single stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA sequences and have been recently appeared as novel recognition receptors which can be used as alternative to antibodies in biosensing devices.
Materials and Methods
Characterization of the selected aptamer and its Immobilization with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which is used for colorimetric detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C).
Conclusion
The proposed method is highly sensitive & specific and could be used for detection of whole blood HbA1c levels.
Scheduling Approach of Automatic Guided Vehicle Considering Equipment Failure and Power Management
Authors: Fan Guoliang , Jiang Zuhua
Published: February 2023

Predictive management on power consumption during static scheduling of outfitting automatic transportation equipment is very difficult. In addition, dynamic scheduling has poor response ability to sudden failures. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle) scheduling approach for outfitting warehouse considering equipment failure and power management. Firstly, based on the power consumption rate function, the power consumption model of AGV for transport task is established. According to the departure power and task consumption power, the charging time and the return time of the AGV are calculated. Secondly, the optimization model of AGV scheduling is established with the goal of minimizing the total transport time. Further, the variable definitions of overhaul and minor repair for AGV are made, and the scheduling strategy for sudden failure is proposed. Finally, an optimization algorithm based on power consumption and failure maintenance for outfitting vehicle scheduling is developed to solve the optimization model in a case. The proposed method can pre plan the charging time according to the vehicle power consumption. Rescheduling is carried out for sudden failure and charging return to improve the dynamic response capability of outfitting transport vehicles.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinoline (quinolinone) derivatives as NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wu Siming , Yang Xinliang , Yi Rui , Hu gaoyun , Li Qianbin , Chen Zhuo
Published: February 2023

NADPH oxidase (NOX) is the only enzyme in the human body that can directly produce reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have shown that NADPH oxidase is a very potential target for the treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). Here, a series of quinoline (quinolinone) derivatives were designed and synthesized based on pharmacophore modelling. And the antiproliferative effect against NRK-49F cell-line was evaluated as their potential anti-DN activity. 19d, the most potent compounds with an effective cell proliferation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 5.25 uM), showed a promising inhibitory activity on NOXs (IC50 = 1.12 µM). The 3D-QSAR model based on the anti-proliferation activity of NRK-49F exhibited the good predictive ability. In conclusion, 19d may have therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy like other NOX inhibitors in clinical trials.
Plasma cell-free DNA in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide
Authors: Fujihara Junko , Nishimoto Naoki , Takeshita Haruo
Published: February 2023

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is free DNA found in circulating blood that originates from apoptosis or necrosis, and elevated cfDNA concentrations have been reported in cancers and other diseases. In this study, the concentrations and fragment distributions of plasma cfDNA were investigated in elderly (n = 1) and pediatric (n = 1) patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with arsenic trioxide (ATO). A slight increase in cfDNA concentrations was observed in the APL patients compared with healthy controls. In the elderly APL patient, the plasma cfDNA concentration increased with treatment duration, and significant positive correlations were observed between the plasma total arsenic concentration and cfDNA concentration during the first consolidation therapy. Ladder fragments (150–200bp, 300–400 bp, and 500–600 bp) were observed in a portion of plasma cfDNA from both APL patients. Moreover, APL-related gene mutations (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication, GATA-binding protein 2 gene, Janus-associated kinase 2 gene, Wilms’ tumor 1 gene, Kirsten-ras gene, and neuroblastoma-ras gene) were successfully genotyped from plasma cfDNA by using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The findings of this study provide fundamental information on cfDNA from APL patients treated with ATO.
The mechanism of Esculetin inhibiting Infectious Bronchitis Virus replication by Regulating Infectious Bronchitis Virus-induced expression of β-interferon and related cytokines
Authors: He Jiongjie , He Fenyi , Guo Huilin , Yang Feng , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus could negatively regulate interferon pathway.Esculetinas the active ingredient inFraxini Cortexhas the effect of inhibiting infectious bronchitis, but its therapeutic mechanism is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate molecular mechanism of the inhibition of IBV replication byEsculetin. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity and the inhibitory effect ofEsculetinon IBV proliferation. Real time PCR was used to detect the changes of IBV genomic vector in trachea, lung, intestine, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of the embryo body before and after usingEsculetin.Real time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the copy number of IBV genome and the effect of IBV on the expression level of related cytokines in the β-interferon signaling pathway before and after treatment withEsculetin. The results suggest thatEsculetinhad a significant inhibitory effect on IBV replication. 10mg/mlEsculetinhad the weakest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and the weakest toxicity. IBV could be detected in all tissues and organs of the embryo body, and the highest virus content was found in lung and trachea tissues .Esculetincan promote the expression of important cytokines in IBV-induced host cell β-interferon signaling pathway and reduce the inhibitory of the expression of MDA5, IFN-β and Mx in the early stage of IBV infection effect, regulate the antagonism of IBV against host cell β-interferon signaling pathway. This study shows thatEsculetincan promote the natural immunity of host cells to achieve antiviral effect. It provided a theoretical basis for theEsculetinto be used as a therapeutic drug for IBV.
Identification of Specific Genes for Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell of Lung Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Alipour Marzyeh , Moghanibashi Mehdi , Naeimi Sirous
Published: February 2023

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are two of the most lethal and aggressive pathological subtypes of lung cancer. However, in the early stages of disease, their biomarkers are scarce and can be difficult to detect. The main aim of this bioinformatics-based study was to give a general idea about the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma early detection relevant biomarkers.
Methods: To identify candidate specific and shared genes involved in occurrence of the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, we downloaded 6 microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Database and combined with the expression matrix of LUSC and LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas data, which were analyzed by GEO2R tool and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, respectively. Functional and enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using the DAVID database. A protein– protein interaction network was constructed by STRING and visualized in cytoscape software. Survival analysis of hub genes was performed using GEPIA2 and DNA methylation level of the hub genes were analyses through UALCAN.
Results: We achieved, three LUAD specific genes including GCNT3, SPDEF and AGR2, three LUSC specific genes including KRT6B, SPRR1B and KRT14and three LUAD-LUSC common genes including SSP1, MMP9 and COL1A1. These identified hub genes, were strongly correlated with LUAD and LUSC patients survival.
Conclusion: These results provide compelling evidence that our findings could be potential biomarkers for early detection of Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, additional characterization is warranted.
Microbiome dynamics in resistant and susceptible colonies throughout thermal bleaching and recovery support host specificity, phenotypic variability, but common microbial consortia modulating stress responses in different coral species in Hawai’i
Authors: Núñez-Pons Laura , Cunning Ross , Nelson Craig , Amend Anthony , Sogin Emilia M. , Gates Ruth , Ritson-Williams Raphael
Published: February 2023

Background Historically, Hawai’i has had few massive coral bleaching events, until two consecutive heatwaves elevated seawater temperatures in 2014 and 2015. Consequent mortality and thermal stress were observed in the reef systems of Kane’ohe Bay (O’ahu). Two of the dominant species exhibited a phenotypic dichotomy of either bleaching resistance or susceptibility (Montipora capitataandPorites compressa), while a third species (Pocillopora acuta) was broadly susceptible to bleaching. In order to survey temporal shifts in the coral microbiomes during bleaching and recovery in all three of these coral species, 50 colonies were tagged and periodically monitored. Metabarcoding of three genetic markers (16S rRNA gene ITS1 and ITS2) followed by compositional approaches for community structure analysis, differential abundance and correlations for longitudinal data were used to temporally track and compare Bacteria/Archaea, Fungi and Symbiodiniaceae dynamics of the tagged colonies. Results Bleaching susceptibleP. compressacorals recovered faster thanP. acutaandMontipora capitata. Prokaryotic and algal microbiomes were majorly shaped by host species, and had no apparent pattern of temporal acclimatization in the overall community structure. Symbiodiniaceae signatures were identified at the colony scale, and were at times related to bleaching susceptibility, revealing higher intraspecific resolution than previously reported. Bacterial compositions were practically constant between bleaching phenotypes, and more diverse inP. acutaandM. capitata.P. compressa’s prokaryotic community was dominated by a single symbiotic bacterium. Fungal associates remained unexplored due to untargeted DNA co-amplification. Compositional approaches (via microbial balances) allowed the identification of fine-scale differences in the abundance of a consortium of microbes, driving changes by bleaching susceptibility and time across all hosts. Conclusions The three major coral reef founders in Kane’ohe Bay revealed different physiological and microbiome responses after 2014–2015 heatwaves. It is difficult to forecast though, a more successful strategy towards future scenarios of global warming. Differentially abundant microbial taxa across time and/or bleaching susceptibility were broadly shared between all hosts, suggesting that locally, the same microbes may modulate stress responses in sympatric coral species. Our study highlights the potential of investigating microbial balances to identify fine-scale microbiome changes, serving as local diagnostic tools of coral reef fitness.
Effects of Crosswind on the Pantograph–Catenary Wear Using Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamic Algorithms
Authors: Daocharoenporn Siripong , Mongkolwongrojn Mongkol
Published: February 2023

In this study, a multibody system (MBS) computational framework is developed to determine the exact location of the contact point and wear prediction resulting from the pantograph–catenary interaction. The railroad vehicle models in the MBS computational framework comprise rigid-body railroad vehicles, rigid-body pantograph systems, and flexible catenary systems. To avoid the incremental rotation and cosimulation processes, the nonlinear finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation is used to model a flexible catenary system in the MBS computational framework and to integrate the rigid-body railroad vehicle and the pantograph and flexible catenary systems into the MBS algorithms. The pantograph–catenary interaction is modeled using an elastic contact formulation developed to include the effect of pantograph–catenary separation and sliding contact. The proposed MBS approach evaluates the location of the contact point, contact force, and normal wear rate (NWR) from the mechanical and electrical contributions. In particular, this investigation considers the vibration caused by a crosswind scenario, the numerical result in the case of a steady crosswind scenario, which contains the advantage of the pantograph–catenary aerodynamic design, and the vibration of the catenary system remains significantly after the excitation of steady crosswind. In the case of steady crosswind, the higher value of the steady crosswind effect significantly increases the mean contact force and NWR from the mechanical contribution. After crosswind load disturbances, the mean contact force decreases but the standard deviation of the contact force increases. Therefore, the NWR from the electrical contribution increases significantly. However, the total NWR increases with the crosswind velocity.
CTRP9 prevents atherosclerosis progression through changing autophagic status of macrophages by activating USP22 mediated-de- ubiquitination on Sirt1
Authors: Zeng Min , Wei Xin , Wang Ziyan , Zhao Xiuyang , Zhu Dianshu , Wang Mengdi , Chen Yue
Published: February 2023

Background:Atherosclerosis (AS) is commonly regarded as a key driver accounted for the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A growing body evidence indicates that autophagy in macrophages involved in AS might be a potential therapeutic target. C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) has been proved to delay the progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relations among CTRP9 and Sirt1 either with its effects on macrophages autophagy has not been fully explored.Methods:Macrophages were differentiated from the mononuclear cells collected from the peripheral blood samples of healthy donors. Thein vitroAS model were constructed by ox-LDL treatment. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Immunofluorescence assay of LC3 was implemented for evaluating autophagy activity. Oil Red O staining was performed for lipid accumulation detection. ELISA, cholesterol concentration assay and cholesterol efflux analysis was conducted using commercial kit. Cycloheximide assay was implemented for revealing protein stability. RT-qPCR was used for mRNA expression detection, and western blotting was performed for protein level monitoring.Results:CTRP9 attenuated impaired cell viability, autophagy inhibition and increased lipid accumulation induced by ox-LDL. Moreover, CTRP9 maintained Sirt1 protein level through enhancing its stability by de-ubiquitination, which was mediated by upregulated USP22 level. CRTP9 exerted its protective role in promoting autophagy and reducing lipid accumulation through USP22/Sirt1 axis.Conclusion:Collectively, CTRP9 alleviates lipid accumulation and facilitated the macrophages autophagy through upregulating USP22 level and maintaining Sirt1 protein expression, thereby exerting a protective role in AS progression.
Nebulized pH-Responsive Nanospray Combined with Pentoxifylline and Edaravone to Lungs for Efficient Treatments of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Li Ruihao , Hu Xiaochun , Li Wenhui , Wu Wenjing , Xu Jin , Lin Yun , Shi Shuo , Dong Chunyan
Published: February 2023

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has become an unprecedented global medical emergency, resulting in millions of people being infected with the COVID-19 virus and more than 5 million deaths. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 is the most common serious complication leading to death. However, no treatment has been proved successful in treating ARDS apart from the low tidal volume mechanical ventilation. Herein, we have constructed a novel nanospray with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity by loading Pentoxifylline (PTX) and Edaravone (Eda) on ZIF-8. This nanospray was endowed with synergetic therapy ability, which could kill two birds with one stone: the loaded PTX played a powerful anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory cells and the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, meanwhile, Eda was responsible for free radical scavenger in ARDS. Results These data showed ZIF8-EP protected RAW264.7 cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by removing excessive ROS in cells. In the mice model of LPS-induced ARDS, ZIF8-EP nanospray appreciably inhibited the inflammatory response and weakened the oxidative stress, and efficiently controlled the damage of ARDS to lung tissue. Subsequently, WB, IHC, RT-qPCR and Elisa experiments verified the main mechanism of ZIF8-EP nanospray inhibiting ARDS inflammation. Conclusion Taken together, compared with free PTX and Eda the nanospray was proved to have excellent therapeutic effect on ARDS in vitro and in vivo without hematotoxicity and systemic toxicity.
Hardware Infection in Fixation of Maxillofacial Region a Case Series
Authors: S Harivighnesh , Bhanumurthy Lokesh , Balasubramanian Anandh , Nathanael Israel , P Pandiyarajan
Published: February 2023

Internal fixation has consistently produced the best outcomes in managing maxillofacial trauma. Mini plates are typically made of stainless steel or titanium. Quick stabilisation and pain-free mastication are the main benefits of internal fixation. Titanium mini plates have surpassed other modalities in popularity in recent years. Microvascular-free tissue bone grafts for surgical site reconstruction have grown in popularity. For patients with mandibular defects, the use of osseocutaneous or osseomyogeneous free flaps, as well as improvements in instrumentation like locking screw technology and low-profile plates, have significantly improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. Despite these improvements, hardware-related complications still pose a severe problem, with 15% of patients reporting such issues. In this review article, we will be presenting a case series and literature review of hardware infection in maxillofacial fixation.
A Width Multi-Scale Adversarial Domain Adaptation Residual Network with AConvolutional Block Attention Module
Authors: Yin Hongshen , Sun Li , Yu Xiao , Liu Xiaowen , Yu Wanli
Published: February 2023

Although the fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning have attracted widespread attention in the academic field in recent years, such methods still face many challenges, including complex and variable working conditions, insufficient ability to extract key features, and large differences in sample data. To address these problems, a width multi-scale adversarial domain adaptation residual network with a convolutional block attention module (WMSRCIDANN) is proposed in this paper, which consists of a feature extraction network, a domain discriminant network, and a label classification network. In the feature extraction network, an improved width multi-scale residual network combined with a convolutional block attention module (WMSRC) is used as the feature extractor to achieve a weighted fusion of multi-depth features.In the domain discriminative network, the fully-connected network is replaced by a four-layer convolutional structure, which can further reduce the difference in feature distribution and improve the cross-domain invariance of deep features. In the label classification network, the classifier uses the extracted domain-invariant features to perform cross-domain fault identification. The experimental results show that WMSRCIDANN is effective in cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis.
Assessment of knowledge, awareness and disposal practices of unused and expired household medicines in the Parker Corner Road Community in Liberia
Authors: Orok Edidiong , Erah Patrick , Toe Jerry
Published: February 2023

Background: Expansion of pharmaceutical industries and improved availability of pharmaceuticals across the world have contributed to an increase in drug usage and accumulation in homes. In Liberia, there are currently no guidelines that govern the disposal of expired and unused prescriptions among community residents. The objective of the study was to assess the level of awareness, and knowledge on disposal as well as disposal practices of unused and expired household medicines in the Parker Corner Road Community in Brewerville, Liberia.
Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional survey conducted among residents of Parker Corner Road Community, face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. Outcomes measured were knowledge and awareness of disposal as well as disposal practices of unused and expired household medicines. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Majority of respondents (55.6%) were female and 23.5% had university education. 71% of the respondents reported that they had not received any information on safe disposal practices while 64.2% admitted that they often did not read and follow and disposal instructions. The most popular disposal practices were disposal of the drugs along with household waste (61.1%) and flushing them down the toilets or sinks (25.3%). Majority of the respondents (82.1%) were aware of the environmental and human health effects arising from improper disposal of unused and expired medicines while 64.2% usually read medicine disposal instruction on the package. Only about 3% of them were aware of expired medication take-back system. 37% of respondents were aware that unused and expired medicines need to be disposed of safely while as much as 33.3 % knew nothing about medication expiration date.
Conclusion: The study revealed poor knowledge and awareness as well as inappropriate disposal practices of unused and expired medicines amongst residents of Parker Corner Road Community in Brewerville. There is need to organize a public enlightenment programme on safe, appropriate use, as well as disposal of unused and expired medicines.
Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) With Synthetic/Designer Unnatural Nucleoside Analogues: An In Silico Study
Authors: Bag Subhendu Sekhar , Sinha Sayantan , Dutta Soumya , Baishya Hirak Jyoti , Paul Suravi
Published: February 2023

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, it developed into a pandemic affecting all the countries and millions of people around the globe. Till now there is no medicine available to contain the spread of the virus. As an aid to drug discovery, the molecular docking and molecular dynamic tools were applied extensively. In-silico studies made it possible for rapid screening of potential molecules as possible inhibitors/drugs against the targeted proteins. As a continuation of our drug discovery research, we have carried out molecular docking studies of our 12 reported unnatural nucleosides and 14 designer avigan analogs with SARS-CoV-2, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which we want to report herein. The same calculation was also carried out, taking 11 known/under trail/commercial nucleoside drug molecules for a comparison of the binding interactions in the catalytic site of RdRp. The docking results and binding efficiencies of our reported nucleosides and designer nucleosidic were compared with the binding energy of commercially available drugs such as Remdesevir and Favipiravir. Further we evaluated the protein-drug binding efficiency and stability of the best docked molecules by Molecular Dynamic studies. From our study, we have found that few of our proposed drugs show promising binding efficiency at the catalytic pocket of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and can be a promising RdRp inhibitor drug candidate. Hence, this study will be of importance to make progress towards developing successful nucleoside-based drugs and conduct the antiviral test in the wet lab to understand their efficacy against COVID-19.
About a Fusion Reactor for the Replacement of Fossil Fuels
Authors: Mazzucato E.
Published: February 2023

Since a fusion reactor using the Deuterium-Tritium fuel cycle, like the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), cannot be a source of clean energy because of the deleterious effects of energetic neutrons carrying 80% of the energy output, and it is very doubtful that it will be able to achieve Tritium self-sufficiency because of an extremely problematic and still unproven breeding procedure, this paper proposes a new reactor scheme capable of confining hot and dense plasmas using the Deuterium – Helium-3 fuel cycle. Such a reactor must be considered a source of clean energy because of its small level of neutrons production, and its fuel is available in large quantity since we can get the needed Deuterium from seawater and likewise Helium-3 from the moon, as it was found from the samples of lunar soil brought back by the astronauts of the Apollo Mission. The proposed reactor consists of two 100 meters long cylindrical plasmas, connected by semicircular sections to form a racetrack configuration. It should be capable of producing from 16 to 20 GW of fusion power when operating with an electron density of 3x1020 m-3, a magnetic field of 10 T and temperatures from 40 to 45 keV. Out of this power, up to 10 GW will be used for replacing the loss of electron energy from bremsstrahlung radiation, with a consequent reduction in the reactor power output. However, such a loss could be mitigated by a partial recovery of the bremsstrahlung radiation.