bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embracing the Digital Intelligence: A Strategic Approach to Optimizing Mass Customization
Authors: Du Yuxuan , Ge Kaining
Published: January 2024

This paper provides an insightful exploration of Mass Customization (MC), a rising trend in the modern manufacturing landscape that couples the efficiency of large-scale production with the allure of personalized products. It elucidates MC’s operational, market-related, and customer engagement challenges, offering optimization strategies grounded in digital intelligence technology and Supply Chain Agility (SCA). The paper delves into the role of 3D printing, Flexible Manufacturing Systems, data-driven designs, and Digital Twin Technology, illustrating how these technologies can enhance MC processes. It also underscores the importance of SCA in mediating the complex relationship between these technologies and MC capabilities, thus offering a nuanced understanding of its implementation. The study concludes that the integration of digital intelligence technology, paired with the enhancement of SCA, can effectively navigate the complexities of MC, providing a competitive edge in today’s volatile market landscape. This research is a significant theoretical and practical guide for organizations aspiring to transition toward MC amidst the digital revolution.
Exploring the Economic Foundations Behind Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Liu Junchen
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on economic issues related to the presence of shopping malls, as economic activities are inevitably influenced by social interactions and interpersonal relationships. Different types of relationships, ranging from weak to strong and positive to negative, form a complex system. The combination of Chinese tradition, cultural background, and the requirements of the current social system has led to the prominence of interpersonal connections. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the significant impact of relationships on transaction subjects. Furthermore, it explores how interpersonal relationships affect the formation and development of enterprises, as well as the allocation and utilization of resources. The paper emphasizes the importance of reducing the negative impact of interpersonal relationships by adopting an approach that prioritizes interpersonal connections. This involves considering new cost and profit expectations and minimizing the reliance on relational functions when constraining economic activities.
The Reform of Human resource management in Enterprise Digital Transformation
Authors: Gao Hanyao
Published: January 2024

The advent of the digital wave has introduced new impetus into the practice and research of human resource management. Concurrently, managers and scholars face the challenge of seamlessly integrating digital technology with employees and leveraging its positive impact. While academic research on digital transformation extensively explores themes such as business models, industry innovation, technological advancements, business intelligence, and digital marketing, there is a relative lack of examination concerning human resource management. This paper focuses on the transformation of human resource management within the context of digitalization, addressing the exploration of how this transformation unfolds during the process of digital transformation. The study seeks to uncover pertinent issues and conduct research on the changes in human resource management throughout the digitalization journey. As organizations navigate the digital era, optimizing the integration of digital tools with human resources becomes crucial for successful transformations. This research aims to contribute to the discourse on the intersection of digitalization and human resource management practices, shedding light on the evolving landscape of HR in the digital age.
Artificial Intelligence Application, Global Value Chain Reconstruction and Enterprise Knowledge Power Relationship: Grounded Theory Research Based on Intelligent Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Wu Si
Published: January 2024

In the process of application of artificial intelligence affecting the formation of enterprise knowledge power, there are many factors that can influence it. However, there is no mature theoretical framework for the specific important influencing factors. The TongKun Group in Zhejiang province is a “future intelligence factory” that uses artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies to realize the global value chain reconstruction and enterprise knowledge power. Based on the grounded theory. The research data are collected from Tongkun company. According to the research process of grounded theory, original interview data are tested for open coding, spindle coding, selective coding and theoretical saturation. Using coding, categories are summarized into five main categories: enterprise artificial intelligence technology foundation, enterprise artificial intelligence technology usage, enterprise artificial intelligence technology results (output), global value chain reconstruction, and enterprise knowledge power. Finally, according to the “storyline”, it is established that a relationship model about “artificial intelligence application, global value chain reconstruction and knowledge power” in enterprise.
A Study on the Situation and Reform of the Core Curriculum of Journalism Majors under the Background of Digital Communication: Based on the Analysis of Undergraduate Training Programs of 10 Colleges and Universities in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Chen Guoli , Wang Wei , Zeng Wanqing
Published: January 2024

The development of digital communication technology has promoted the reform of journalism education. However, the literature review shows that the current research on journalism education reform often lacks a discussion of the concrete curriculum system reform. Based on the training plan of 10 colleges and universities in Zhejiang Province, we find that the current curriculum system is divorced from the social demand in different degrees, and the non-core curriculum and repeated curriculum occupy the credit space, which restricts the reform of professional education. Therefore, the first step of journalism reform is to release the credit space, give full play to the integration advantage of journalism, realize the re-engineering of interdisciplinary curriculum, and finally keep the curriculum content in line with the latest social frontier all the time, to supply the news industry with compound talents who possess pace with the times.
Digital Transformation of Design Education in Chinese Universities: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Lyu Yaolei , Chi Tianjie , Zheng Xinjiang
Published: January 2024

With the rapid development of digital technology, the field of higher education in China is actively exploring how to fully integrate this powerful tool to improve the quality of design education. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of the current state, future trends, and challenges faced by digital exploration in design education in Chinese universities, in order to present a complete picture of the new developments in the field of education. This field is undergoing a revolutionary transformation, and we will delve deep into this process, hoping to provide useful insights for university education reform and the integration of digital technology.
Reconstructive Techniques in Pediatric Congenital Microtia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Hugh Andrew Jinwook , Namavarian Amirpouyan , Khan Urooj , Levy Ben B. , Ziai Hedyeh , Talei Ben , Gantous Andres
Published: January 2024

Autografts and allografts are commonly used in microtia reconstruction. We aimed to systematically review and compare these reconstructive materials in pediatric congenital microtia reconstruction. A systematic review of the literature was performed. MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for original studies on congenital microtia reconstruction in pediatric patients since database inception to 2021. Microtia grade was stratified as high or low. Meta-analysis of pooled proportions and continuous variables was performed using inverse variance weighting with a random effects model to compare between the autograft and allograft groups. Sixty-eight studies with a total of 5,546 patients used autografts (n = 5,382) or alloplastic implants (n = 164). Four other studies used prosthesis, cadaveric homografts, or tissue engineering. The allograft group was on average younger than the autograft group (8.4 vs. 11.1 years). There were no syndromic patients in the allograft group, compared to 43% in the autograft group. Patients treated with allografts had higher microtia grade than those treated with autograft (98 vs. 72%). Autografts were more commonly utilized by plastic surgeons and allografts by otolaryngologists (95 vs. 38%). No autografts and 41% of allografts were done concurrently with atresiaplasty or bone conduction implant. Satisfaction rates were similarly high (>90%) with similar complication rates (<10%). Microtia reconstruction using autografts and allografts had similar satisfaction and complication rates. Allografts were preferred for younger patients and concurrent hearing restoration. Further large-scale studies are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of these reconstructive techniques.
Iodine-Promoted Disproportionate Coupling Reaction of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides: A Simple and Green Access to Thiosulfonates
Authors: Chen Qi , Chen Zhao-Hua , Yu Shi-Wei , Yang Kai , Wang Zhao-Yang , Liang Yong-Tong , Zeng Yong
Published: January 2024

An environmentally friendly iodine-promoted disproportionate coupling reaction of arylsulfonyl hydrazides is reported. This strategy can synthesize thiosulfonates with medium to excellent yields, and features a green system, wide applicability of substrates, and easy availability of raw materials. The preliminary mechanistic study reveals that iodine plays an important role in the radical reaction process.
Microbiological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Aspergillus Infections
Authors: Aerts Robina , Feys Simon , Mercier Toine , Lagrou Katrien
Published: January 2024

As microbiological tests play an important role in our diagnostic algorithms and clinical approach towards patients at-risk for pulmonary aspergillosis, a good knowledge of the diagnostic possibilities and especially their limitations is extremely important. In this review, we aim to reflect critically on the available microbiological diagnostic modalities for diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis and formulate some future prospects. Timely start of adequate antifungal treatment leads to a better patient outcome, but overuse of antifungals should be avoided. Current diagnostic possibilities are expanding, and are mainly driven by enzyme immunoassays and lateral flow device tests for the detection of Aspergillus antigens. Most of these tests are directed towards similar antigens, but new antibodies towards different targets are under development. For chronic forms of pulmonary aspergillosis, anti-Aspergillus IgG antibodies and precipitins remain the cornerstone. More studies on the possibilities and limitations of molecular testing including targeting resistance markers are ongoing. Also, metagenomic next-generation sequencing is expanding our future possibilities. It remains important to combine different test results and interpret them in the appropriate clinical context to improve performance. Test performances may differ according to the patient population and test results may be influenced by timing, the tested matrix, and prophylactic and empiric antifungal therapy. Despite the increasing armamentarium, a simple blood or urine test for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in all patient populations at-risk is still lacking. Research on diagnostic tools is broadening from a pathogen focus on biomarkers related to the patient and its immune system.
Tuning gene expression by hairpin elements near the start codon of mRNA in mammalian cells
Authors: Yin Xue , Yao Dong-bao , Liang Hao-jun
Published: January 2024

The hairpin element (HpE) near the start codon in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) was developed to tune the mRNA translation in mammalian cells. The parameters of HpEs including thermodynamic stability, the content of guanine and cytosine, and distance between HpEs and the 5′ cap were investigated. These parameters influenced the mRNA expression level. In addition, the start codon and the upstream open reading frame sequestered within the structures of HpEs also reduced the translation initiation. In summary, this study shows that the simple engineering HpE structure can be efficiently adopted for gene expression regulation. The predictable controllability of this simple cloning strategy can potentially achieve precise gene expression regulation in different mammalian cell types.
Investigation of ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics of azobenzene derivative (E)-1-phenyl-2-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)diazene
Authors: Lin Yilan , Wei Xiaofan , Fang Dong , Wang Ziyu , Huang Yifan , Li Tao , Liu Weimin
Published: January 2024

When exposed to light at a specific wavelength, azobenzene and its derivatives experience a transformation from trans form to cis form through isomerization. Due to its ability to change color upon illumination, azobenzene finds extensive use in various molecular devices and functional materials. However, despite significant researches focused on practical applications, there are still ongoing investigations into the underlying mechanisms governing azobenzene’s photochemical reactions and isomerization. In this study, we employ femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), and transient absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations, to elucidate the ultrafast isomerization dynamics of an azobenzene derivative known as trans-AZOTIPS ((E)-1-phenyl-2-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)diazene). The results demonstrate that upon photoexcitation, rapid isomerization occurs along the C−N=N bonds via the singlet excited state S1 to hot ground state (S0*) state transition. Additionally, we explore the impact of solvent viscosity on the isomerization process and find that the duration of isomerization remains unaffected by variations in solvent viscosity. These results suggest that the isomerization pathway involves a volume-conserving motion known as “hula twist”. After that, the vibrational cooling process is obtained in S0 state.
Diagnosis of indirectly driven double shell targets with point-projection hard x-ray radiography
Authors: Tian Chao , Yu Minghai , Shan Lianqiang , Wu Fengjuan , Bi Bi , Zhang Qiangqiang , Wu Yuchi , Zhang Tiankui , Zhang Feng , Liu Dongxiao , Wang Weiwu , Yuan Zongqiang , Yang Siqian , Yang Lei , Deng Zhigang , Teng Jian , Zhou Weimin , Zhao Zongqing , Gu Yuqiu , Zhang Baohan
Published: January 2024

We present an application of short-pulse laser-generated hard x rays for the diagnosis of indirectly driven double shell targets. Cone-inserted double shell targets were imploded through an indirect drive approach on the upgraded SG-II laser facility. Then, based on the point-projection hard x-ray radiography technique, time-resolved radiography of the double shell targets, including that of their near-peak compression, were obtained. The backlighter source was created by the interactions of a high-intensity short pulsed laser with a metal microwire target. Images of the target near peak compression were obtained with an Au microwire. In addition, radiation hydrodynamic simulations were performed, and the target evolution obtained agrees well with the experimental results. Using the radiographic images, areal densities of the targets were evaluated.
Kinetic vs magnetic chaos in toroidal plasmas: A systematic quantitative comparison
Authors: Moges H. T. , Antonenas Y. , Anastassiou G. , Skokos Ch. , Kominis Y.
Published: January 2024

Magnetic field line chaos occurs under the presence of non-axisymmetric perturbations of an axisymmetric equilibrium and is manifested by the destruction of smooth flux surfaces formed by the field lines. These perturbations also render the particle motion, as described by the guiding center dynamics, non-integrable and, therefore, chaotic. However, the chaoticities of the magnetic field lines and the particle orbits significantly differ in both strength and radial location in a toroidal configuration, except for the case of very low-energy particles whose orbits closely follow the magnetic field lines. The chaoticity of more energetic particles, undergoing large drifts with respect to the magnetic field lines, crucially determines the confinement properties of a toroidal device but cannot be inferred from that of the underlying magnetic field. In this work, we implement the smaller alignment index method for detecting and quantifying chaos, allowing for a systematic comparison between magnetic and kinetic chaos. The efficient quantification of chaos enables the assignment of a value characterizing the chaoticity of each orbit in the space of the three constants of the motion, namely, energy, magnetic moment, and toroidal momentum. The respective diagrams provide a unique overview of the different effects of a specific set of perturbations on the entire range of trapped and passing particles, as well as the radial location of the chaotic regions, offering a valuable tool for the study of particle energy and momentum transport and confinement properties of a toroidal fusion device.
Effects of seismic characteristics and baffle damping on liquid sloshing
Authors: Jin Xin , Dai Chao , Tao Yuan , Chen Jian , Liu Ming-Ming , Zhang Cong
Published: January 2024

The present work concentrates on liquid sloshing in tanks under real seismic excitations with various frequency contents [the ratio of peak ground acceleration (PGA) to peak ground velocity (PGV)] by a finite-difference turbulent model. The turbulence is modeled by the large eddy simulation, and the fluid–structure interaction is resolved by the Virtual Boundary Force method. Thirteen seismic records, covering the low, intermediate and high frequency contents, are adopted to excite nonlinear sloshing waves. Both sloshing wave and hydrodynamic pressure are recorded, and their correlations with the filling level, PGA, PGV and frequency content have been identified. The findings suggest that (1) the sloshing responses are in general positively correlated with the filling level; (2) the sloshing height strongly relates to PGV and frequency content, and the seismic excitation of low frequency and meantime with a larger PGV can trigger more violent sloshing waves than others; and (3) the dynamic pressure along the tank sidewall decreases from the bottom up, which is dominated by PGA at the lower part but the stronger correlation is established with PGV and frequency content at the upper part. Finally, to damp severe sloshing waves, the horizontal, vertical and coupled horizontal and vertical baffles are introduced, and their inhibiting effects are discussed. The present work may guide the design of partially filled storage tanks under seismic excitations.
Atomistic simulation of structural transition and grain refinement in Fe nanowires driven by high strain rate compression
Authors: Guo Xiu-Xia , Jiang Dong-Dong , Shao Jian-Li
Published: January 2024

The compression-induced structural transition (ST) and grain refinement of BCC Fe nanowires have been investigated based on atomistic simulations. It is found that high strain rate compression can cause nanowires to reach higher pressures and meet ST conditions, and the threshold stress of ST is found to be much lower than that of bulk materials. Thus, the compression process of nanowires at high strain rates includes elastic deformation, ST and its reverse process, grain refinement, and buckling instability. The occurrence of grain refinement is due to the fact that after undergoing ST and its reverse process, the (001) cross section of the nanowire can be transformed into different (111) planes. Furthermore, the dependence of stress threshold and nucleation structure on strain rate is revealed. When the strain rate increases to a certain threshold, HCP nucleation is found to occur on the side surface of the nanowire, but its reverse process will quickly occur due to the pressure release on the side. With the strain rate increase, the stress threshold of ST no longer satisfies a constant power-law change, and the power-law index will increase. When the strain rate exceeds 5 × 1010 s−1, the elastic deformation prior to ST also exhibits strong nonequilibrium characteristics, causing a sharp increase in the number of HCP nuclei. Especially, the nanowires will ultimately be in a disordered state, rather than a nanocrystalline structure. Also, the cylindrical and prismatic nanowires are both considered to understand the influence of boundary morphology, and the differences in nucleation and the similarity in deformation are explained. Note that, as the strain rate increases, the cylindrical nanowires undergo HCP nucleation directly, while the prismatic nanowires undergo significant twinning deformation first.
A unified friction factor formulation: Bridging laminar and turbulent friction factor with critical points analysis
Authors: Wang Wei-Jie , Li Shuolin , Huang Wei , Han Zhen , Wang Wei-Hao
Published: January 2024

The friction factor is widely recognized as a pivotal parameter in the analysis of fluid–boundary interactions; however, a comprehensive grasp of friction mechanics remains elusive. This investigation revisits measurements from the benchmark Nikuradse measurements, furnishing indirect evidence of two critical points in pipe turbulence. It underscores that friction factors within laminar and turbulent regimes are intimately interconnected, bearing significant relations to subcritical and critical phenomena. The two critical points directing the laminar–turbulent transition consist of a standard non-equilibrium phase transition and a fully matured turbulent regime, accompanied by an extensive crossover to its asymptotic scaling. Relying on a mathematical model, the scaled friction factor for rough pipes converges into a unified curve. New formula of friction factor of pipe flow is derived, and it was illustrated that it can be derived as a geometric weighted parameter, bridging the laminar and turbulent friction factors. Conclusively, the proffered model was juxtaposed with pipe experimental data from the antecedent study and more contemporaneous transitional pipe data to authenticate the aptness of the suggested model, and it united the friction factor in all three regimes.
Elimination of reflection losses in gradient metasurface optical elements
Authors: Sun Mengdi , Kik Pieter G.
Published: January 2024

Optical metasurfaces can achieve arbitrary wavefront control using subwavelength nanostructures, enabling imaging, sensing, and display applications using ultrathin structures. Metasurface optical elements that rely on propagation phase achieve this control using varying fill fractions of high refractive index materials, resulting in surface regions with significantly different effective refractive index. The intrinsic need for index variation makes it a non-trivial task to eliminate reflection losses across a complete optical element. Here, we investigate the optical performance of high-index metasurfaces, modified to suppress surface reflections. We demonstrate that a drastic reduction of surface reflections across an entire gradient metasurface is possible through the application of a single optimized anti-reflective layer with a thickness and refractive index that are substantially different from the traditionally expected values.
Wronskian rational solutions to the generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa equation in fluid dynamics
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhang Yi , Ma Wen-Xiu , Hu Ying-Wu
Published: January 2024

The main topic of the paper is to investigate the generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa (DJKM) and Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations, which are widely used in many physical areas, especially in fluids. A new Wronskian formulation is presented for these two equations associated with the bilinear Bäcklund transformation. Based on Wronskian identities of the bilinear Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy, the Wronskian determinant solution is verified by a direct and concise calculation. The newly introduced Wronskian formulation provides a comprehensive way for building rational solutions. A few rational Wronskian solutions of lower order are computed for the generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional DJKM equation. Our work can show that the extended (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation possesses the similar rational Wronskian solutions through the corresponding logarithmic transformation.
Anomalous Hall effect and Fermi surface reconstruction in topological antiferromagnet candidate GdAuPb
Authors: Liu Yonglai , Xu Xitong , Huang Yuqing , He Miao , Zhao Haitian , Zeng Qingqi , Zou Youming , Xi Chuanying , Jia Shuang , Qu Zhe
Published: January 2024

The combination of topology and magnetism has demonstrated great potential in the search of emergent quantum matters. In this study, we report the synthesis, magnetic, and electrical properties of GdAuPb, a rare-earth-based half-Heusler topological antiferromagnet candidate. Magnetization and specific heat studies reveal highly frustrated antiferromagnetic ordering of Gd at TN = 11.5 K. Interestingly, this material possesses a large, unsaturated magnetoresistance up to 800% below TN and anomalous Hall conductivity as large as 750 Ω−1cm−1 in the antiferromagnetic state. Moreover, the electric transports including the SdH quantum oscillation patterns all exhibit a sudden change around 9 T, indicating a field-driven quantum transition related to the Fermi surface reconstruction. These results suggest that GdAuPb is close to a topological critical point, which can be easily tuned via external parameters. Our study demonstrates a strong interplay between band topology and magnetism in GdAuPb and offers clues for material designs for topological antiferromagnets.
Critical decoupling criterion for dual-incident shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction
Authors: Yang Shu-zi , Xie Wen-zhong , Sun Hao-yu
Published: January 2024

Interaction zones resulting from the dual-incident shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions (D-ISWTBLI) typically exhibit one of two distinct flow patterns: the formation of two isolated small-scale interaction zones following decoupling or the presence of a coupled large-scale interaction zone. This paper investigates the underlying mechanism governing the transition of the flow field of D-ISWTBLI, shifting from a coupled flow pattern to an isolated one. To achieve this, we employ numerical simulations and propose a criterion for determining the critical decoupling condition. Our study commences by presenting an analysis of the time-averaged pressure distribution along-the-wall and the corresponding changes in the characteristic scale of the coupled interaction zone as the spacing between the shock incident points continuously increases. We elucidate the variation mechanism of the characteristic scale by analyzing the flow field. Subsequently, based on the intrinsic relationships among the characteristic scales of the coupled interaction zone in their critical state, we establish a relational expression that links the critical decoupling spacing with the characteristic scales of the interaction zone in the critical state. We then employ numerical simulation data, accounting for key influencing factors such as the intensity ratio of the individual incident shock components comprising the dual-incident shock system, the overall intensity of the dual-incident shock system, and the free-stream conditions to determine the critical decoupling condition. This critical decoupling condition effectively delineates the flow pattern of the interaction zone under various free-stream conditions and shock configurations, a conclusion that is corroborated by published experimental data.
Dielectric permittivity of PZT 95/5 ferroelectric ceramics and 0.27PIN-PMN-0.26PT single crystals under pulsed high electric fields
Authors: Shkuratov Sergey I. , Baird Jason , Antipov Vladimir G. , Lynch Christopher S.
Published: January 2024

The dependence of the dielectric permittivity of ferroelectric materials on electric field magnitude impacts the performance of ferroelectric devices. In a ferroelectric generator, a shock wave travels through the ferroelectric element and depolarizes it, and surface charges are released from the element electrodes, resulting in the generation of a megawatt power level for several microseconds. The dielectric properties of the compressed and uncompressed zones of the ferroelectric element affect the generated voltage and energy. The results of previous studies indicate that the low-field dielectric permittivity of poled Pb0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98Nb0.02O3 (PZT 95/5) ferroelectrics in the uncompressed zone differs significantly from the high-field permittivity. Herein, the results are presented from the experimental investigation of the high-field permittivity of poled uncompressed PZT 95/5 ferroelectric ceramics and films, PZT 52/48 ferroelectric ceramics, and rhombohedral 0.27Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.47Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.26PbTiO3 (0.27PIN-PMN-0.26PT) and 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.32PbTiO3 (0.68PMN-0.32PT) ferroelectric single crystals. The dependences of the permittivity on the electric field were determined using a pulsed electric field ranging from 0.1 to 10 kV/mm. The data indicate that the application of a pulsed high electric field results in a fourfold increase in the relative permittivity of PZT 95/5 ceramics and films over the small signal value (from 300 to 1200), and a threefold increase in the permittivity of single-domain [111]c cut and poled 0.27PIN-PMN-0.26PT crystals (from 700 to 2100), while a high electric field does not have a significant impact on the permittivity of PZT 52/48 ceramics or 0.27PIN-PMN-0.26PT and 0.68PMN-0.32PT crystals cut and poled in the domain engineered [001]c or [011]c direction.
Polarizabilities of the negative ions of hydrogen and positronium in nonideal classical plasmas
Authors: Jiang Zishi , Kar Sabyasachi
Published: January 2024

We investigate the polarizability of the negative ions of hydrogen and positronium embedded in nonideal classical plasmas using correlated exponential wavefunctions. The interactions among the charged particles in plasmas have been taken care of by a pseudopotential, derived from a solution of Bogolyubov's hierarchy equations. The effects of nonideality of plasma on the ground state energies and the static and dynamic dipole polarizabilities of the negative ions have been studied in detail for wide range of nonideality. The results show interesting features.
Comparison of forcing schemes to sustain homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Komrakova Alexandra
Published: January 2024

Studies of forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) of multiphase systems rely on a comprehensive understanding of the single-phase HIT flow to quantify any turbulence modifications due to injection of the dispersed phase. Here, we compare external forcing schemes to generate and sustain single-phase HIT. The considered forcing schemes, Lundgren, Arnold–Beltrami–Childress, and Mallouppas, are based on the application of the body force in physical space to inject energy into the flow at large length scales. Direct numerical simulations are performed in cubic periodic domains of 1283 and 2563 size using a lattice Boltzmann method. The range of the Taylor's Reynolds number achieved is ReλT=24.4–75.4. The Lundgren force takes the longest time to generate turbulence and produces significant fluctuations in the turbulence properties in the statistically stationary state. Additionally, this force interacts with the velocity field in the entire range of wavenumbers, which is not the case for the other two forces. However, the scale-by-scale analysis shows that for the considered forces, the behavior of the non-linear energy transfer, dissipation, and energy injection terms differs only within the initial 16% of the wavenumbers that represent large length scales. After that, all terms behave consistently among each other for different forcing schemes. We conclude that the three considered large-scale forcing schemes do not affect the generated turbulent flow fields at small scales and can be used to study turbulence modification by the dispersed phase.
Spectroscopy of monolayer and multilayer tungsten disulfide under high pressure
Authors: Luo JieHuan , Li ChenKai , Liu JingYi , Liu YaoYao , Xiao WeiHeng , Zheng RongHao , Zheng Qunfei , Han Jun , Zou Tong , Cheng WenJing , Yao XiaoDong , Liu Ying , Zhu Jinlong
Published: January 2024

Recently exfoliated monolayer and multilayered transition metal dichalcogenides have gathered significant interest based on their tunable bandgap and extremely high carrier mobility. We have investigated the Raman and photoluminescence spectra of monolayer and multilayer WS2 as a function of pressure. The Raman-inactive mode B1u, which is activated by structural disorder, was revealed at 6.7 GPa in monolayers, at 8.0 GPa in bilayers, and at 13.7 GPa in multilayers, respectively. With the enhancement of pressure-induced interlayer interaction, the crystal phase transition due to layer sliding like 2Hc to 2Ha occurs at 14.8 and 18.7 GPa in bilayers and multilayers, as evidenced by the split of E12g and B1u. The electronic phase transition of the monolayer is supposed to be a direct K-K bandgap changing to an indirect Λ-K bandgap at 2.6 GPa. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the impact of interlayer interactions on the modulation of WS2 energy bands and structure, as well as fundamental studies of two-dimensional layered materials, which can inform the development of device applications.
National Disability Insurance Scheme timeframes and functional outcomes for inpatient rehabilitation patients: a 5-year retrospective audit
Authors: Kellett David , Adams Alexandra G. , Pollack Michael
Published: January 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to compare National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) timeframes and functional outcomes for a patient population managed in an inpatient hospital rehabilitation unit. Methods A retrospective hospital audit was undertaken of adult patients admitted to a tertiary-level, regional inpatient rehabilitation unit between January 2017 and December 2021 who were either referred, or not, to the NDIS. A hospital NDIS patient database, Australasian Rehabilitation Outcome Centre episode data, and patient medical records were analysed. The main outcome measures included actual rehabilitation length of stay versus expected length of stay, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency for all inpatients, with NDIS timeframes analysed for the NDIS-referred patient subgroup. Results Rehabilitation inpatients referred for NDIS services significantly exceeded expected rehabilitation length of stay compared to those not referred to the NDIS. Furthermore, expected length of stay was significantly exceeded for those patients who required implementation of a NDIS plan to safely transition from hospital. FIM efficiency was significantly lower for patients referred to the NDIS. Recent improvement in timeframes for being accepted as a NDIS participant did not reduce length of stay. Conclusions NDIS timeframes for rehabilitation inpatients incur a significant opportunity cost for the provision of efficient inpatient rehabilitation services that are unaccounted for in current benchmarking performance standards.
Highly selective photoelectrochemical CO
2
reduction by crystal phase-modulated nanocrystals without parasitic absorption
Authors: Wang Qingzhen , Liu Bin , Wang Shujie , Zhang Peng , Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong
Published: January 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) carbon dioxide (CO
2
) reduction (CO
2
R) holds the potential to reduce the costs of solar fuel production by integrating CO
2
utilization and light harvesting within one integrated device. However, the CO
2
R selectivity on the photocathode is limited by the lack of catalytic active sites and competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction. On the other hand, serious parasitic light absorption occurs on the front-side–illuminated photocathode due to the poor light transmittance of CO
2
R cocatalyst films, resulting in extremely low photocurrent density at the CO
2
R equilibrium potential. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a photocathode consisting of crystal phase-modulated Ag nanocrystal cocatalysts integrated on illumination-reaction decoupled heterojunction silicon (Si) substrate for the selective and efficient conversion of CO
2
. Ag nanocrystals containing unconventional hexagonal close-packed phases accelerate the charge transfer process in CO
2
R reaction, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance. Heterojunction Si substrate decouples light absorption from the CO
2
R catalyst layer, preventing the parasitic light absorption. The obtained photocathode exhibits a carbon monoxide (CO) Faradaic efficiency (FE) higher than 90% in a wide potential range, with the maximum FE reaching up to 97.4% at –0.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. At the CO
2
/CO equilibrium potential, a CO partial photocurrent density of –2.7 mA cm
−2
with a CO FE of 96.5% is achieved in 0.1 M KHCO
3
electrolyte on this photocathode, surpassing the expensive benchmark Au-based PEC CO
2
R system.
Continuous ammonia synthesis from water and nitrogen via contact electrification
Authors: Li Juan , Xia Yu , Song Xiaowei , Chen Bolei , Zare Richard N.
Published: January 2024

We synthesized ammonia (NH
3
) by bubbling nitrogen (N
2
) gas into bulk liquid water (200 mL) containing 50 mg polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles (~5 µm in diameter) suspended with the help of a surfactant (Tween 20, ~0.05 vol.%) at room temperature (25 °C). Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that water acts as the proton donor for the reduction of N
2
. Moreover, isotopic labeling of the N
2
gas shows that it is the source of nitrogen in the ammonia. We propose a mechanism for ammonia generation based on the activation of N
2
caused by electron transfer and reduction processes driven by contact electrification. We optimized the pH of the PTFE suspension at 6.5 to 7.0 and employed ultrasonic mixing. We found an ammonia production rate of ~420 μmol L
−1
h
−1
per gram of PTFE particles for the conditions described above. This rate did not change more than 10% over an 8-h period of sustained reaction.
Procedure for estimating broken ore density distribution within a draw column during block caving
Authors: Dorador Leonardo , Eberhardt Erik , Elmo Davide
Published: January 2024

Broken ore density (BOD) is an important parameter in planning a block cave mine. However, its assessment is complicated by the heterogeneous nature of its distribution within a draw column, varying from a denser central plug-flow zone and decreasing outwards towards outer perimeter shear bands. The BOD further decreases immediately above the drawpoint due to the development of a loosening zone that develops in response to mucking. This makes determining BOD a challenging task, hindered by the inability to measure it in situ. To address this, several key factors influencing BOD are investigated including the influence of primary and secondary fragmentation, air gap thickness, draw rate and column height. Data is used to link primary and secondary fragmentation to broken ore size distributions. From these, a conceptual framework and empirical procedures are presented for evaluating BOD within draw columns during block caving for feasibility and early stage mine planning and design.
Computer-aided design of rational parameters for the location of blasthole charges in horizontal underground development
Authors: Rakishev B. R. , Orynbay A. A. , Mussakhan A. B. , Tuktibayev A. I.
Published: January 2024

The article substantiates a stage-by-stage physical model of destruction of a real rock mass. On its basis, the key results of an explosion in a solid medium were determined: the strength characteristic of rocks under conditions of all-round explosive loading, the relative limiting radius of the blast cavity, the radii of the zones of fine crushing and radial cracks, and the principle of the rational arrangement of charges in the blasted block was formulated. Using this principle, an analytical method has been developed for determining the rational parameters of the location of charges in the face of preparatory workings and their computer-aided design. Experimental explosions carried out in the underground mines of Kazakhmys Corporation LLP confirmed the operability of the proposed automated design of drilling and blasting operations in horizontal underground workings. The proposed results are in good agreement with the data presented in the works of a number of world authors.
Integration of simulation and dispatch modelling to predict fleet productivity: an open-pit mining case
Authors: Yeganejou Mojtaba , Badiozamani Mahdi , Moradi-Afrapoli Ali , Askari-Nasab Hooman
Published: January 2024

Predicting the fleet requirement based on fleet productivity estimation is one of the critical parts of a robust long-term mine plan. The dispatch logic that determines the return destination of the empty trucks is significantly important in the overall full and empty travel distances and trucks’ productivity. In this paper, a Monte-Carlo simulation model is presented to mimic the real truck-and-shovel operations and measure trucks’ productivity in terms of Tonne Per Gross Operating Hour (TPGOH). A linear programming model is integrated into the simulation model to optimize the dispatch decision through distance minimization subject to the mine's production schedule. The historical data records of oil sands mining operations are used to validate model's performance. The results show significant improvement over the existing mine site's method with closely matching the real TPGOH and better estimation of the total empty travel distance, as a result of new dispatch model implementation.
Monitoring rock movement and—controlling ore loss and dilution associated with blasting at Geita and North Mara Gold mines, Tanzania
Authors: Magohe Stephen Peter , Shoo Nice , Mapogha Emilia , Kinabo Crispin , Chambulikazi Conrad
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

We present findings from a blast movement monitoring research conducted as a part of mine to mill campaign at the Geita Gold Mine—and additional data from blast monitoring practices at North Mara Gold Mine. These include measurement of the blast-induced rock movement and perimeter translation after blast derived from a blast shot at Nyankanga pit (Geita Gold Mine) and three other shots at the Nyabirama pit (North Mara Gold Mine). Using Blast Movement Technology, 34 movement-monitoring balls installed in 13 blast-monitoring boreholes made possible estimation of the average vertical and horizontal ore movements in the studied blast shots. Recorded ore movement estimates average horizontal and vertical movements of 3.69 and 1.56 m, respectively, at the Nyabirama pit and average horizontal and vertical movements of 4.5 and 2.48 m, respectively, at the Nyankanga pit. Based on the estimated material movements, zones of ore losses and dilution are established and new dig lines are proposed from successful ore block translation in all blast shots.
Research on U-Net seismic signal denoising combined with residual dense blocks
Authors: Cai Jianxian , Wang Li , Zheng Jiangshan , Duan Zhijun , Yan Fenfen , Shi Yan
Published: January 2024

Aiming to address the limited noise reduction capabilities of conventional methods for reducing noise in seismic signals, the paper proposes a noise reduction model based on the RDBU-Net network. This model utilizes a residual dense block (RDB) instead of conventional convolutional layers in the U-Net network to enhance the feature extraction capacity for same-band noise, thereby elevating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of seismic signals. The RDBU-Net model is trained, validated, and tested using the global seismic dataset from Stanford University. In comparison with the wavelet threshold method, the denoising RDB model, and the U-Net model, the RDBU-Net model demonstrates an improvement in SNRs by 7.82 dB, 6.13 dB, and 2.9 dB, respectively. Additionally, the root mean square errors are reduced by 0.4812, 0.3736, and 0.1938, and the correlation coefficients are enhanced by 0.3818, 0.2714, and 0.1205. The RDBU-Net model proposed in this study effectively enhances the SNR of seismic signals and offers fresh insights into eliminating noise within the same frequency band of seismic signals.
Effects of cooling rate on space charge characteristics of polypropylene
Authors: Men Rujia , Jiang Wanting , Liu Xuanhe , Lei Zhipeng , Song Jiancheng
Published: January 2024

Polypropylene (PP) is considered as a candidate for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation owing to its excellent thermal stability, insulation properties, and environmental friendliness. It is a semi-crystalline polymer, and the difference in cooling rate during processing affects its crystallisation morphology and characteristics, which may change its insulation properties. In this study, PP film samples with varying cooling rates of 10, 20, 40, 70, 120, and 170 °C min−1 were prepared. The crystal morphology was observed, crystal characteristics were analysed, and the space charge distribution and direct current (DC) breakdown strength were measured. It can be concluded that with an increase in the cooling rate, the spherulite size of PP decreased, the spherulite number increased, and the characteristic breakdown strength increased. Notably, the variation trends of the space charge distortion factor and carrier mobility of PP are opposite to that of crystallinity. When the cooling rate was 40 °C min−1, the number of space charges in PP was small, the distortion of the electric field was not obvious, the apparent mobility of carriers was high, the charge decay was rapid in the depolarisation process, and the average breakdown strength was acceptable. Therefore, during the processing of the HVDC cable, the space charge characteristics of PP can be optimized by adjusting the cooling rate.
Effect of nanoclusters formed by metal impurity on magnesium vapor condensation in silicothermic process: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zhong Jingjing , Li Rongbin , Liu Fengqin , Zhang Shaojun
Published: January 2024

In the silicothermic process, some metal oxide impurities that coexist with dolomite are inevitably reduced to metal vapors, which condense to metal impurities in the magnesium crystallizer. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation method was adopted to investigate the effect of impurity clusters on the crystallization transition of undercooled magnesium vapor. The results showed that saturated vapor atoms tend to nucleate on the pre-existing impurity cluster, promoting the crystallization rate of magnesium vapor. The promoting effects of impurity clusters on the crystallization of magnesium vapor depend on their sizes and species. The cluster with a larger size demonstrated a more substantial promoting impact. Moreover, in the three impurities studied in this paper, magnesium vapor condenses on the Fe cluster at the fastest rate due to the bcc structure of the Fe cluster and the strong interaction between Fe and Mg atoms. For Ni and Cu clusters with the same fcc structure, the promoting effect of the Ni cluster on the crystallization of Mg vapor is more evident because the interaction between Ni-Mg atoms is stronger than between Cu-Mg atoms.