bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mucin-Like Carcinoma-Associated Antigen (MCA) in Breast Cancer: Clinical Experience at the National Cancer Institute of Milan
Authors: Seregni E. , Crippa F. , Botti C. , Bellotti M.G. , Bogni A. , Pizzichetta M. , Bombardieri E.
Published: April 2018

Mucin-like Carcinoma-associated Antigen (MCA) is a glycoprotein belonging to the mucin family; it is defined by the monoclonal antibody b-12. Mucins represent an interesting group of tumor markers and are widely utilized in the clinical monitoring of neoplastic patients. These molecules show a certain degree of tissue specificity and MCA is preferentially associated with breast tissue.

Several studies have demonstrated that patients with breast cancer usually have high MCA serum levels. In this paper the experience of the National Cancer Institute of Milan with the clinical use of MCA in breast cancer patients is reported. The observed sensitivity of the MCA test was poor in patients with early-stage disease, while it was acceptable in patients with advanced breast cancer. MCA concentrations appeared to be directly related to disease spread. A clear relationship was seen between MCA levels and lymph-nodal status. The highest MCA plasma levels were observed in patients with metastatic disease. In this group of patients the sensitivity of the test on the basis of a cut-off of 11 U/mL was 52%.
Description of a New Monoclonal Antibody, FC-2.15, Reactive with Human Breast Cancer and other Human Neoplasias
Authors: Mordoh J. , Leis S. , Bravo A.I. , Podhajcer O.L. , Ballare C. , Capurro M. , Kairiyama C. , Bover L.
Published: April 2018

FC-2.15 is an IgM monoclonal antibody (MAb) obtained by immunizing Balb/c mice with tumor epithelial cells from a human undifferentiated primary breast carcinoma. FC-2.15 reacts with 93.9% (31/33) of human breast primary tumors, independently of their histology and hormone receptor content. Moreover, FC-2.15 reacts with 79.6 ± 13.8% (mean ± SD) of total breast malignant tumor cells and with 88.7 ± 9.9% of proliferating tumor cells. It recognizes other neoplasia such as colon cancer, squamous carinoma and melanoma. Among the normal tissues examined, strong cross-reactivity was found with kidney proximal convolute tubules, bone marrow myeloid progeny, peripheral granulocytes and large bowel epithelium. Through Western blots, FC-2.15 recognizes three major bands of Mr 160 kDa, 130 kDa and 115 kDa in membrane extracts of MCF-7 cells grown in nude mice and of human breast carcinoma and three major bands of 250 kDa, 185 kDa and 105 kDa in membrane extracts of peripheral granulocytes. This MAb mediates complement- cytotoxicity against malignant cells, reducing the clonogenic capacity of breast primary tumor cells and MCF-7 cells to 35.6 ± 41.2% and 11.7 ± 4.8 % of control values respectively, whereas that of normal bone marrow cells is not affected (104.7 ± 17.4%).
Expression of the Tumor-Associated Glycoproteins Mca, Ca 125 and Bw 495/36-P in Epithelial Tumors of the Kidney and the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Ammon A. , Weber M.H. , Wallner I. , Marschner N. , Droese M. , Gröne H.J. , Hiddemann W.
Published: April 2018

The differential expression of the tumor-associated glycoproteins MCA, CA 125 and BW 495/36-P was investigated in 11 renal cell carcinomas and 11 urinary bladder carcinomas and compared with their expression in non-neoplastic tissue preparations from the kidney (n = 9) and urinary bladder (n = 12). The glycoproteins were demonstrated immunohistologically in frozen sections and additionally, in some cases, in paraffin sections. MCA and BW 495/36-P positive cells were present in all preparations except for a grade I transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, in which no MCA-expression could be detected. In the non-neoplastic renal tissue mainly the cells of the distal tubuli were stained by the antibodies against these two glycoproteins. Carcinoma cells of the kidney and of the urinary bladder showed an increased expression of both epitopes.

CA 125, in comparison, was strongly expressed in 3 of the 11 urinary bladder carcinomas investigated but could only be shown in a few cells of a single renal cell carcinoma. Normal renal tissue showed no and the urinary bladder only very isolated CA 125 positive epithelial cells. Apart from this distribution, strong staining of the connective tissue fibers with CA 125 antibody was seen in all paraffin sections, but not in the frozen sections. This leads to the supposition that in these structures there is a CA 125 cryptantigen. The consistent expression of MCA as well as the virtual lack of CA 125 in the renal cell carcinomas are in contrast with our previous serological results, in which patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomas showed increased CA 125 in approx. 50% of cases whereas only approx. 20% had increased MCA serum levels.
Preoperative CEA and TAG-72 Serum Levels as Prognostic Indicators in Resectable Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: González A. , Vizoso F. , Allende M.T. , Sánchez M.T. , Balibrea J.L. , Ruibal A.
Published: April 2018

We evaluated in 74 patients with resectable primary gastric carcinoma, the prognostic value of the preoperative circulating serum levels of CEA and TAG-72. Serum levels of CEA were above the cutoff level of 6 ng/ml in 18.9% of patients; TAG-72 levels were higher than 6 U/ml in 31% of patients. Pretreatment mean CEA levels were significantly lower (p<0.01) in patients with stage I tumors (2.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml) than in those with more advanced tumors (stage II: 14.5 ± 6.8 ng/ml; stage HI-TV: 6.8 ± 1.5 ng/ml). Similarly, significant differences in mean TAG-72 serum levels were found between stage I (3.5 ± 1.8 U/ml) and stage II and stage III-IV (30.4 ± 20.7 U/ml and 26.1 ± 9.7 U/ml, respectively) (p<0.05). In addition, TAG-72 levels were also higher in poorly differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors (38.5 ± 20.1 U/ml and 23.1 ± 9.4 U/ml, respectively) than in well differentiated tumors (4.4 ± 0.9 U/ml) (p<0.05). The results further indicated that high preoperative serum levels of CEA predicted shorter relapse-free survival duration (p<0.01), and that high TAG-72 levels were associated with shorter relapse-free and overall survival (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0005, respectively). In addition, separate Cox multivariate analysis showed that preoperative TAG-72 was, after stage, the strongest factor to predict both relapse-free and overall survival (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005, respectively) in patients with gastric cancer.
Avoiding Pitfalls of Tibiotalocalcaneal Nail Malposition With Internal Rotation Axial Heel View
Authors: Callahan Ryan , Juliano Paul , Aydogan Umur , Clayton Justin
Published: April 2018

Background. Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) nails are often used for complex hind foot arthrodesis and deformity correction. The natural valgus alignment of the hindfoot creates a challenge to optimum placement of the guidewire and eventual nail with a straight or valgus-curved nail. Methods. Five fresh frozen cadavers were used for placement of a TTC guidewire with standard anterior-posterior (AP), lateral, and Harris axial heel views as a reference for proper placement. The limb was then rotated 15°, 30°, and 45° both internally and externally to evaluate the perceived amount of osseous purchase within the calcaneus. The TTC nail was then inserted and dissection was performed to demonstrate proximity of the nail to the sustentaculum tali and neurovascular structures. Results. A 30° internal rotation Harris axial heel view demonstrated the most accurate representation of osseous purchase within the calcaneus with the guidewire and nail placement. When the guidewire was placed with standard imaging the nail was often ultimately placed in close proximity to the sustentaculum tali and neurovascular structures. Conclusion. Careful placement of the guidewire prior to reaming and nail placement should be undertaken to avoid neurovascular injury and to increase osseous purchase. For optimal guidewire placement, the authors suggest using appropriate anatomic landmarks and using a 30° internally rotated Harris axial heel view to verify correct placement.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert opinion
An Eye on Vision: Five Questions About Vision Screening and Eye Health
Authors: Nottingham Chaplin P. Kay , Baldonado Kira , Bradford Geoffrey E. , Cotter Susan , Moore Bruce
Published: April 2018

Current evidence-based and best-practice vision screening and eye health approaches, tools, and procedures are the result of revised national guidelines in the past 3 years and advances in research during the past 18 years. In providing answers to the five questions in this article, the National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health at Prevent Blindness used published, peer-reviewed research; vision screening and eye health national guidelines; and consensus-based best practices from eye care professionals and public health experts. The answers may differ from your state or district vision screening guidelines and mandates. This is the second installment of the “An Eye on Vision” frequently asked questions section that will appear in future editions of NASN School Nurse. To review the first installment, see the March 2018 edition of NASN School Nurse. The authors encourage vision screeners to submit their vision screening and eye health questions to the email address that appears at the end of this article.
Teaching Leadership: Using Wonder Woman to Highlight the Importance of Gender Diversity
Authors: Urick Michael J. , Sprinkle Therese A.
Published: April 2018

We review the film Wonder Woman as a teaching tool for leadership. The film illustrates transformational leadership, bases of power, and servant leadership while considering how gender plays into leadership. The approach we suggest is through a “movie club” activity in which the entire film is viewed, students are given prompts on what to look for, and an in-depth discussion is facilitated following viewing the movie. Wonder Woman is a useful teaching tool that engages students in ways that more traditional examples might not.
Time Requirements for Acquisition of Hepatitis C Virus Therapy in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients
Authors: McLaughlin Milena , Kalfayan Niree , Grant Jennifer , Hawkins Claudia , Cottreau Jessica , Palella Frank J. , Stosor Valentina
Published: April 2018

Background: The process of obtaining approval for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment may be time consuming and complicated due to prior authorizations and the need to appeal denials. Pharmacists are poised to play a critical role in the acquisition and management of oral direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of HCV infection; however, the time expended in this activity requires assessment. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess time expenditures by pharmacists to acquire DAAs for HCV therapy. Methods: Patients were enrolled in the Northwestern University Viral Hepatitis Registry, a prospective, observational cohort of ambulatory, adult patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected with chronic hepatitis B and/or C virus, and recruited since 2013 from the Infectious Disease Center at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL. Patients were included in the current study if they were referred to the pharmacist for HCV DAA acquisition, drug-drug interaction management, and adherence counseling between February 1, 2014, and April 30, 2015. Patient demographics, virus-specific characteristics, and time required to secure HCV DAA treatment, counsel patients, and follow-up therapy were collected. Results: Among 54 HIV/HCV coinfected patients referred for treatment, all eventually received approval for DAA therapy. However, 87% (n = 47) required prior authorization. Pharmacists dedicated 2.1 hours/patient (interquartile range 1.5-2.8 hours; range 0.75-6.5 hours) to manage DAA therapy. Conclusion: Successful acquisition of HCV DAA therapy relied heavily on pharmacist effort, reflecting the vital role that pharmacists play in this process. Dedicated resources for medication access should be considered to ensure timely DAA acquisition.
Placer platinum-group minerals in the Shetland ophiolite complex derived from anomalously enriched podiform chromitites
Authors: Prichard Hazel M. , Suárez Saioa , Fisher Peter C. , Knight Robert D. , Watson John S.
Published: April 2018

Highly anomalous platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in the podiform chromitites at the Cliff and Harold's Grave localities in the Shetland ophiolite complex have been well documented previously. The focus of this study is alluvial platinum-group minerals (PGM) located in small streams that drain from the PGE-rich chromitites. The placer PGM assemblage at Cliff is dominated by Pt-arsenides (64%) and Pd-antimonides (17%), with less irarsite–hollingworthite (11%) and minor Pd-sulfides, Pt–Pd–Cu and Pt–Fe alloys and laurite. Gold also occurs with the PGM. Alluvial PGM have average sizes of 20 µm × 60 µm, with sperrylite the largest grain identified at 110 µm in diameter, matching the range reported for the primary PGM in the source rocks. The placer assemblage contains more Pt-bearing and less Pd-bearing PGM compared with the rocks. The more resistant sperrylite and irarsite–hollingworthite grains which are often euhedral become more rounded further downstream whereas the less resistant Pd-antimonides which are commonly subhedral may become striated and etched. Less stable phases such as Pt- and Pd-oxides and other Ni-Cu-bearing phases located in the rocks (i.e. Ru-pentlandite, PtCu, Pd–Cu alloy) are absent in the placer assemblage. Also the scarce PGM (PdHg, Rh- and Ir-Sb) and Os in the rocks are absent. At Harold's Grave only three alluvial PGM (laurite, Ir, Os) and Au were recovered reflecting the limited release of IPGM from chromite grains in the rocks. In this cold climate with high rainfall, where erosion dominates over weathering, the PGM appear to have been derived directly from the erosion of the adjacent PGE-rich source rocks and there is little evidence of in situ growth of any newly formed PGM. Only the presence of dendritic pure Au and Pd-, Cu-bearing Au covers on the surface of primary minerals may indicate some local reprecipitation of these metals in the surficial conditions.
Assessment of Performance-Based Seismic Design Methods in ASCE 41 for New Steel Buildings: Special Moment Frames
Authors: Harris John , Speicher Matthew
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the results of a study investigating the correlation between the anticipated seismic performance of an ASCE 7 code-compliant steel building with special moment frames and its predicted performance as quantified using ASCE 41 analysis procedures and structural performance metrics. Analytical results based on component-level performances at the collapse prevention structural performance level indicate that special moment frames designed in accordance with ASCE 7, and its referenced standards, have difficulty satisfying the acceptance criteria in ASCE 41 for an existing building intended to be equivalent to a new building.
An Analysis of The American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition T Staging System for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Tran Bryan , Roshan David , Abraham Earl , Wang Laura , Garibotto Natalia , Wykes James , Campbell Peter , Ebrahimi Ardalan
Published: April 2018

Background

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) removed microscopic extrathyroidal extension (ETE) from the 8th edition T staging for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) based on increasing evidence that it is not an independent prognostic factor.

Objectives

We compared the prognostic performance of AJCC 7th (pT7) and 8th (pT8) edition T stage systems, particularly in patients ≥55 years old without macroscopic ETE or distant metastases in whom T classification affects AJCC Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage.

Method

A retrospective analysis of disease-free survival (DFS) in 577 patients with PTC comparing pT8 vs pT7 using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Harrell’s C-index, and Proportion of Variation Explained (PVE).

Results

Of 105 patients with AJCC7 T3 disease, 74 were down-staged. Overall, the prognostic performance of pT7 and pT8 was similar. However, in patients ≥55 years old without macroscopic ETE or distant metastases, pT8 was inferior to pT7 on the basis of higher AIC, lower C-index (0.67 vs 0.76), and lower PVE (30% vs 45%). In this subset, microscopic ETE was associated with multiple other adverse prognostic features and reduced DFS (hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 5.2; P = 0.002), irrespective of tumor size.

Discussion

In our cohort, pT8 was inferior to pT7 in patients ≥55 years old without macroscopic ETE or distant metastases in whom T classification affects TNM stage. Microscopic ETE was strongly associated with other adverse prognostic factors and reduced DFS in this patient subgroup and may be an effective surrogate for disease biology in PTC, irrespective of whether it is an independent prognostic factor.
Distinct prophase arrest mechanisms in human male meiosis
Authors: Jan Sabrina Z. , Jongejan Aldo , Korver Cindy M. , van Daalen Saskia K. M. , van Pelt Ans M. M. , Repping Sjoerd , Hamer Geert
Published: April 2018

To prevent chromosomal aberrations to be transmitted to the offspring, strict meiotic checkpoints are in place to remove aberrant spermatocytes. However, in about 1% of all males these checkpoints cause complete meiotic arrest leading to azoospermia and subsequent infertility. We here unravel two clearly distinct meiotic arrest mechanisms that act during the prophase of human male meiosis. Type I arrested spermatocytes display severe asynapsis of the homologous chromosomes, disturbed XY-body formation and increased expression of the Y-chromosome encoded gene ZFY and seem to activate a DNA damage pathway leading to induction of p63, possibly causing spermatocyte apoptosis. Type II arrested spermatocytes display normal chromosome synapsis, normal XY-body morphology and meiotic crossover formation but have a lowered expression of several cell cycle regulating genes and fail to properly silence the X-chromosome encoded gene ZFX. Discovery and understanding of these meiotic arrest mechanisms increases our knowledge on how genomic stability is guarded during human germ cell development.
Complexes of plexin-A4 and plexin-D1 convey semaphorin-3C signals to induce cytoskeletal collapse in the absence of neuropilins
Authors: Smolkin Tatyana , Nir-Zvi Inbal , Duvshani Nerri , Mumblat Yelena , Kessler Ofra , Neufeld Gera
Published: April 2018

Class-3 semaphorin guidance factors bind to receptor complexes containing neuropilin and plexin receptors. A semaphorin may bind to several receptor complexes containing somewhat different constituents, resulting in diverse effects on cell migration. U87MG glioblastoma cells express both neuropilins and the four class-A plexins. Here, we show that these cells respond to Sema3A or Sema3B by cytoskeletal collapse and cell contraction but fail to contract in response to Sema3C, Sema3D, Sema3G or Sema3E, even when class-A plexins are overexpressed in the cells. In contrast, expression of recombinant plexin-D1 enabled contraction in response to these semaphorins. Surprisingly, unlike Sema3D and Sema3G, Sema3C also induced the contraction and repulsion of plexin-D1-expressing U87MG cells in which both neuropilins were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9. In the absence of neuropilins, the EC50 of Sema3C was 5.5 times higher, indicating that the neuropilins function as enhancers of plexin-D1-mediated Sema3C signaling but are not absolutely required for Sema3C signal transduction. Interestingly, in the absence of neuropilins, plexin-A4 formed complexes with plexin-D1, and was required in addition to plexin-D1 to enable Sema3C-induced signal transduction.
Feedback regulation by antagonistic epigenetic factors potentially maintains developmental homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Sadasivam Devendran A. , Huang Der-Hwa
Published: April 2018

Drosophila Polycomb group (PcG) repressors confer epigenetically heritable silencing on key regulatory genes through histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). How the silencing state withstands antagonistic activities from co-expressed trithorax group (trxG) activators is unclear. Upon overexpression of Trx H3K4 methylase, to perturb the silenced state, we find a dynamic process triggered in a stepwise fashion to neutralize the inductive impacts from excess Trx. Shortly after Trx overexpression, there are global increases in H3K4 trimethylation and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation, marking active transcription. Subsequently, these patterns diminish at the same time as the levels of Set1, an abundant H3K4 methylase involved in productive transcription, reduce. Concomitantly, the global H3K27me3 level is markedly reduced, corresponding to an increase in the amount of Utx demethylase. Finally, excess Pc repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is induced and located to numerous ectopic chromosomal sites independently of H3K27me3 and several key recruitment factors. The observation that PRC1 becomes almost completely colocalized with Trx suggests new aspects of recruitment and antagonistic interaction. We propose that these events represent a feedback circuitry ensuring the stability of the silenced state.
The GET pathway can increase the risk of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins to be mistargeted to the ER
Authors: Vitali Daniela G. , Sinzel Monika , Bulthuis Elianne P. , Kolb Antonia , Zabel Susanne , Mehlhorn Dietmar G. , Figueiredo Costa Bruna , Farkas Ákos , Clancy Anne , Schuldiner Maya , Grefen Christopher , Schwappach Blanche , Borgese Nica , Rapaport Doron
Published: April 2018

Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are anchored to their corresponding membrane via a single transmembrane segment (TMS) at their C-terminus. In yeast, the targeting of TA proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be mediated by the guided entry of TA proteins (GET) pathway, whereas it is not yet clear how mitochondrial TA proteins are targeted to their destination. It has been widely observed that some mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) proteins are mistargeted to the ER when overexpressed or when their targeting signal is masked. However, the mechanism of this erroneous sorting is currently unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the involvement of the GET machinery in the mistargeting of suboptimal MOM proteins to the ER. These findings suggest that the GET machinery can, in principle, recognize and guide mitochondrial and non-canonical TA proteins. Hence, under normal conditions, an active mitochondrial targeting pathway must exist that dominates the kinetic competition against other pathways.
Lysosome enlargement during inhibition of the lipid kinase PIKfyve proceeds through lysosome coalescence
Authors: Choy Christopher H. , Saffi Golam , Gray Matthew A. , Wallace Callen , Dayam Roya M. , Ou Zhen-Yi A. , Lenk Guy , Puertollano Rosa , Watkins Simon C. , Botelho Roberto J.
Published: April 2018

Lysosomes receive and degrade cargo from endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. They also play an important role in sensing and instructing cells on their metabolic state. The lipid kinase PIKfyve generates phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to modulate lysosome function. PIKfyve inhibition leads to impaired degradative capacity, ion dysregulation, abated autophagic flux and a massive enlargement of lysosomes. Collectively, this leads to various physiological defects, including embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration and overt inflammation. The reasons for such drastic lysosome enlargement remain unclear. Here, we examined whether biosynthesis and/or fusion-fission dynamics contribute to swelling. First, we show that PIKfyve inhibition activates TFEB, TFE3 and MITF, enhancing lysosome gene expression. However, this did not augment lysosomal protein levels during acute PIKfyve inhibition, and deletion of TFEB and/or related proteins did not impair lysosome swelling. Instead, PIKfyve inhibition led to fewer but enlarged lysosomes, suggesting that an imbalance favouring lysosome fusion over fission causes lysosome enlargement. Indeed, conditions that abated fusion curtailed lysosome swelling in PIKfyve-inhibited cells.
The Ajuba family protein Wtip regulates actomyosin contractility during vertebrate neural tube closure
Authors: Chu Chih-Wen , Xiang Bo , Ossipova Olga , Ioannou Andriani , Sokol Sergei Y.
Published: April 2018

Ajuba family proteins are implicated in the assembly of cell junctions and have been reported to antagonize Hippo signaling in response to cytoskeletal tension. To assess the role of these proteins in actomyosin contractility, we examined the localization and function of Wtip, a member of the Ajuba family, in Xenopus early embryos. Targeted in vivo depletion of Wtip inhibited apical constriction in neuroepithelial cells and elicited neural tube defects. Fluorescent protein-tagged Wtip showed predominant punctate localization along the cell junctions in the epidermis and a linear junctional pattern in the neuroectoderm. In cells undergoing Shroom3-induced apical constriction, the punctate distribution was reorganized into a linear pattern. Conversely, the linear junctional pattern of Wtip in neuroectoderm changed to a more punctate distribution in cells with reduced myosin II activity. The C-terminal fragment of Wtip physically associated with Shroom3 and interfered with Shroom3 activity and neural fold formation. We therefore propose that Wtip is a tension-sensitive cytoskeletal adaptor that regulates apical constriction during vertebrate neurulation.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Recent advances in understanding and managing retinal vein occlusions
Authors: Esmaili Daniel D. , Boyer David S.
Published: April 2018

Retinal vein occlusions are the second most common form of retinal vascular disease. Previously, laser treatment for branch retinal vein occlusion and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for central retinal vein occlusion were the standard of care. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have a superior safety and efficacy profile for the treatment of both branch and central retinal vein occlusions. The use of wide-field fluorescein angiography has also allowed better visualization of the retinal periphery. Despite the better documentation of retinal non-perfusion, laser photocoagulation to the areas of non-perfusion does not seem to result in a reduction of macular edema or reduction in treatment burden and has been relegated to patients who develop rubeosis or neovascularization of the retina. More recently, several studies have demonstrated the use of a long-acting dexamethasone implant administered intravitreally or triamcinolone administered in the suprachoroidal space as a viable approach to treat retinal vein occlusion.
Case Report: Polyarteritis nodosa or complicated Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgAV), a rare case
Authors: Hasanzadeh Sajad , Alavi Seyedeh Maryam , Masnavi Elahe , Jokar Saeid , Rohani Maryam
Published: April 2018

Background: Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis that affects medium-sized arteries. PAN is a rare disease and requires a high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. PAN and HSP (newly named Immunoglobulin A-associated vasculitis) have narrowing differential diagnosis. Here, we reported a case of PAN.

Case presentation: Our patient was a 65-year-old woman that came to hospital due to abdominal pain and skin lesion on the right upper and right lower extremities. All rheumatologic tests were negative. A biopsy of the skin lesion was reported as mild hyperkeratosis, slight spongiosis with intact basal layer. The dermis showed moderate to severe perivascular PMN infiltration with vessel wall degeneration and extravasation of RBCs. A colonoscopy reported diffuse mucosal erythema and erosions were seen in the rectum until 6cm of anal verge. An electromyogram test and nerve conduction velocity study of the upper extremities reported bilateral mild carpal tunnel syndrome, and in the right lower extremities mononeuritis multiplex could not be ruled out. Abdominopelvic CT scan reported diffuse wall thickening of terminal ileum associated with mesenteric fat and narrow enhancement of inferior Mesenteric artery with patchy filling defect. After evaluation, the patient received corticosteroid pulses plus cyclophosphamide.

Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of PAN are important and PAN should be considered in a patient with skin lesions and neurological impairment.
Postmodernizm jako czynnik zmian we współczesnym językoznawstwie w aspekcie epistemicznym, społecznym i etycznym (przy uwzględnieniu innych nauk humanistycznych)
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: April 2018

Postmodernism as a change factor in modern linguistics, in the epistemic, social and ethical aspect (taking into account the humanities). Part 2

The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
Plakat jako przykład multimodalnego amalgamatu
Authors: Winiarska Justyna
Published: April 2018

Poster as an example of a multimodal amalgam (conceptual blend)

The author analyses two posters used in two social campaigns. Posters are unique in their usage as means of communication because they aim to provide information quickly and in an eye-catching way. As a result, their authors often use conceptual blending and integration to create persuasive communication. In the article, the author treats posters as complex blends, she finds input spaces, indicates relations between their elements, and tries to discover generic spaces on different levels of specificity. This methodology enables her to show how a complex verbal and visual statement can be coherently understood by the viewer.
Czy derywaty prefiksalne wymienne wyrażają intensywność?
Authors: Fijałkowska Wanda
Published: April 2018

Do derivatives created by exchange of prefixes express intensity?

The paper aims to clarify the misunderstandings concerning the semantic description of derivative verbs created through exchange of prefixes. The description of a class of verbs which up to now have been regarded as expressing the intensity of an action (e.g. przekarmić ‘to overfeed’, przesolić ‘to oversalt’) had to undergo deep changes, including the elimination of lexemes which were created using two morphemes simultaneously (napracować się ‘to have worked a lot’ ← pracować ‘to work’). A detailed analysis has enabled us to prove that where others saw intensity, there was in fact effectiveness. Derivatives included in this category express three grades of effectiveness: high (as in ubawić się ‘to have rather enjoyed oneself’, wybiegać się ‘to have run enough’), excessive (as in przesolić ‘to oversalt’, zapić się ‘to loose life due to alcohol addiction’) and maximal (wytruć ‘to poison everyone’, domyć ‘to wash something clean’). Moreover, other lexemes need to be included in this class, namely those which are incorrectly seen as determining methodicalness (objeść ‘to eat all of someone’s food’), as well as exhaustivity (wybić ‘to kill everyone’, wyniszczyć ‘to thoroughly destroy’). Such a description will promote effectiveness, while eliminating small semantic sub-groups that are not uniform in their structure.
W sprawie najdawniejszych zapożyczeń wschodniosłowiańskich w języku polskim
Authors: Fałowski Adam
Published: April 2018

Regarding the earliest East Slavic borrowings in Polish

In 1963, Stanisław Urbańczyk attempted to investigate the problem of the earliest East Slavic borrowings in Polish. He presented a list of Old Polish imports from the East Slavic languages comprising 150 lexical units. Fifty years later, Wiesław Witkowski, another Slavicist from Cracow, extended the list of East Slavic borrowings included in Słownik Staropolski (‘Old Polish Dictionary’) to 199 units. The goal of the present paper is to partially verify the standpoints of the two researchers. Perforce, it is limited to those words which arrived in the East Slavic territory from the broadly understood East, i.e. from the Turkic, Mongolic, and Finno-Ugric languages. The results of this verification are as follows. Out of 32 analysed lexical units (not including the word denka), 22 can probably be considered East Slavic borrowings in Old Polish: ataman, bachmat, bezmian, bisior, bojar, bojarzyn, bołki, bułatowy, czobot, czobotnik, derka, kalannik || kalennik, kalanny || kalenny, kalaństwo, kaleta || kaletka, kitajka, kitajczany, kiwior, korczak || korczag, korczakowy, mohorycz, mohorycznik, opończa, roztruchan, sorok, telega, teleżny, tołmacz, torłop, tybinki || ciebienki. The same is not true for the following words: hazuka || azuka, jarmułka || jermułka, karbus, orkisz, serpanek || serpanka, tarchun || torchun. In four cases (the words badawia, basałyk, kolimaga, orda, ordyniec || hordyniec) a definite acceptance of East Slavic mediation appears to be impossible at the current stage of research.
Gdzie walczył i jak miał na imię brat Mieszka I?
Authors: Łuczyński Michał
Published: April 2018

Where did the brother of Mieszko I fight and what was his name?

The paper is an attempt to decipher the name of the brother of Mieszko I and place name where battle with german duke Hodon took place in 972, mentioned in Thietmar of Merseburg’s chronicle. They are only known from a single MLat. inscription as Cidebur, and from its Latinized form as Cidini. In an author’s view they should be delatinized as Siecebor and Sitno (Sitna). Based on a substition and transcription analysis, the author formulates a hypothesis concerning the location and progress of the battle.
Nieliterackie źródła do dziejów słownictwa polskiego (do XVIII w.)
Authors: Zajda Aleksander
Published: April 2018

Non-literary sources for the history of Polish vocabulary (until the 18th century). Part II

As in the first part of this paper (see “LingVaria” 2016 1 (21) ), also here the author describes selected non-literary sources for the history of Polish vocabulary from the period from the 16th to the 18th century. They are not always taken into account by the editors of historical dictionaries, despite the fact that they contain a wealth of interesting vocabulary from various areas of everyday life of peasants and townsmen, from the history of law and judicature, trade, craft, military, etc. This vocabulary constitutes a constant element in the history of the lexical resources of Polish, and a testimony of the history of culture.
Pidżyny i inne języki wehikularne
Authors: Hlibowicka-Węglarz Barbara
Published: April 2018

Pidgins and Other Vehicular LanguagesVehicular languages are languages which are used as a mean of communication in multicultural and multilingual societies; therefore the key to understanding the essence of vehicular languages is to analyse linguistic contact. The purpose of this study is to analyse such vehicular languages as: pidgin, lingua franca, and sabir, as well as to present the similarities and differences between them. An additional goal is to show the different types of vehicular languages which were used all around the world.
Russkyj karawan: kommentaryj k nekotorymznaczenyjam rus. karawan y eho proyzwodnych
Authors: Berezowicz Elena L.
Published: April 2018

Russkyj karawan: a Commentary on Some of the Meanings of Russian karawan and Its DerivativesThe article considers the semantic and word-formative family developed by the word караван in different varieties of the Russian language (mostly in dialects). The author reveals the main directions of the semantic development of this word, and characterizes the ethnocultural context which contributes to these changes. In addition, the paper undertakes a semantic reconstruction of some words which constitute a family but whose motivation is unclear (for example, караваниться ‘to linger’, ‘to be capricious’).
Słowa klucze kultury jako nazwy pojęć wyrazistych o wysokim stopniu utrwalenia a zagadnienia synonimii leksykalnej
Authors: Niewiara Aleksandra
Published: April 2018

Key Words of Culture, as Names of Salient and Entrenched Concepts, and the Problems of Lexical SynonymyThe paper discusses a method for discovering important concepts of culture through the process of scrutinizing the most numerous sets of synonyms (which are treated as names of entrenched and salient concepts of the given language’s culture), and subsequently combining them in a set of cultural concept networks. The author focuses on the evolution of cultural concepts and the linguistic material from 19th and 20th c. dictionaries of synonyms, and the Polish version of WordNet which served as the base for the analysis. The paper shows the evolution of some of the concepts of culture established in the 19th c. and still vivid in present day discourse of collective identity.
Przyimki – ich miejsce w opisie gramatycznym
Authors: Topolińska Zuzanna
Published: April 2018

Prepositions – Their Place in the Description of a LanguageThe author argues that prepositions are an integral part of nominal phrases, and their graphic treatment as autonomous words is purely a lexicographic convention. They have maintained their primary meaning which is localization of material objects and events in space and time, and they subsequently evolved to also express localization in the social world and in the mental world. In a grammatical description of a language they should be discussed together with the semantic and formal structure of nominal phrases.
Wartościowanie jako praktyka komunikacyjna (na przykładzie tekstów prasowych z dziedziny gospodarki i ekonomi)
Authors: Szczepaniak Jacek
Published: April 2018

Evaluation as a Communicative Practice (Using the Example of Press Texts in the Fields of Economy and Economics)The paper focuses on the social aspect of evaluation as a linguistic and communicative practice. Such evaluation is based on certain interindividual principles (structures, models, and rules of functioning) and develops always within concrete media conditions. Theoretical reflections are complemented by an analysis of selected press texts and releases in the fields of economy and economics from the “Forbes” magazine. The linguistic explication of mono- and multimodal evaluative practices takes into account the semantic aspect (parameters of evaluative meaning), the pragmatic aspect (implicitness and performativity of comment), and modal aspect (reciprocal relations between signs of different modality which co-constitute the meanings of releases).
Wyodrębnianie, dekodowanie i klasyfikacja historycznych jednostek języka
Authors: Sobotka Piotr , Żabowska Magdalena
Published: April 2018

Delimitation, Decoding and Classification of Historical Language UnitsThe main goal of the article is to present different kinds of problems connected with the identification of the language units in Old and early Middle Polish texts, and with the various manifestations of their functional interpretation. The authors propose the term ‘historical unit of language’ that is understood in both dynamic and static aspects of diachrony. The major sources of these units are inherited expressions, borrowings and internal creations. The historical language unit is bilateral in nature and its semantic features consist of three dimensions: etymological, actual, and associative components. The article examines metatextual units and processes of metatextualization, as well as uses the example of Rozmyślanie przemyskie, Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta and other texts to show such problems as cohesion of the text and its comprehensiveness, especially in syntactic and utterance levels. In the second part of the article the authors present functional division of the Old Polish lexicon based on combinational and semantic characteristics of units in question, i.e. on those properties that are responsible for the tasks to be accomplished by a given class of expressions in making up a higher order unit, i.e. a syntagm. The authors centre on uninflected language units, proposing eight sentence classes and three discursive classes. Among them: uninflected participles, metapredicative operators, adverbs, infinitives, prepositions, uninflected pronominal substitutes of space and temporal expressions and whole sentences, conjunctions, particles and restrictors, contextualizators, connectors.
W poszukiwaniu tzw. centrum toponimii (wczesno)słowiańskiej – przypadek ziem polskich. Cz. II
Authors: Babik Zbigniew
Published: April 2018

In Search of the So-Called “Centre of (Early) Slavic Toponymy”. The Case of Poland. Part IIThis two-part paper presents the theoretical assumptions, and gives an account of the current progress of a Slavistic appendix which is being prepared by this author for an as yet unwritten “Dictionary of Polish toponyms”, an attempt to inventory and describe the entire lexical deposit of potentially Proto-Slavic origin contained in Polish place and terrain names. The aim of this research is to determine, based on the varying degree of its preservation in the toponymy of different regions, the place where Proto-Slavic vocabulary was formed. The second part briefly presents the current results (after the identification of ca. 400 potential words), and discusses the non-uniform distribution of rare specimens of this vocabulary (suggestions about the privileged status of Podkarpacie have not been confirmed), as well as perspectives on the comparison between the diversity of toponymy of this area and the situation in the neighbouring territories which suggest, among others, the peripheral and local nature of East Slavic nomenclature.
Łacińskie lōrum w świetle etymologii
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: April 2018

Latin lōrum in the Light of EtymologyThe traditional etymology of Lat. lōrum n. ‘strap, girdle, rein’, according to which it is related to Arm. lar ‘strick, rope, band’ and Greek (Homeric) εὔληρα, Doric αὔληρα n. pl. ‘reins’, should be rejected for phonological and morphological reasons. The present author suggests a new explanation of the Latin term in question. It derives from the Italic archetype *lōsom n. ‘strap, belt, girdle’. Close equivalents are attested in Indo-Iranian, cf. Old Indic rā́snā- f. ‘girdle’ (< IE. *lōsnā); Khotan Saka rrānä ‘belt’, Ossetic ron ‘belt, girdle’ (< Iranian *rāhnā- < IE. *lōsnā), Sogdian r’n’(kh) ‘belt’ (< Iran. *rāhnā-ka-); Wakhi ran-dáq, ran-dak ‘leather strap’ (< Iran. *rāhna-taka-). The Indo-European root *lōs- (< PIE. *leh₃s-) is also attested in Ancient Greek, cf. Gk. λῶμα n. ‘hem, fringe, border of cloths’ (< IE. *lṓs-mn̥ n.), Aeolic λῶστοι pl. ‘stitched’, ἄλωστοι pl. ‘unstitched’, εὔλωστοι pl. ‘well-vowen’ (< IE. *lōs-tó-). The author explains Latin lōrus (m.) as an innovative form created on the basis of the irregular plural lōrī, originally nom.-acc. du. n. *lōso-ī ‘two straps, two reins’ (< PIE. *leh₃so-ih₁). The loss of the dual number in the early pre-literary phase of the development of the Latin language caused the reinterpretation of preserved dual forms. It is emphasized that Lat. frēnum n. ‘bit, cub, bridle’ attests not only the regular plural frēna ‘reins’, but also the irregular frēnī (orig. nom.-acc. du. n.).
Východolašská nářečí versus gwara zachodniocieszyńska, czyli dialektologiczna wojna o Zaolzie
Authors: Bogocz Irena
Published: April 2018

Eastern Lachian Dialects vs. Western Lachian Dialects or the Dialectological Battle for the Zaolzie RegionThe article is devoted to the historical discussion which arose around the affiliation of the inhabitants of the Czech–Polish border area with the Czech or the Polish nationality and language. The bone of contention was the dialect used in the Czech part of the Cieszyn/Těšín region. Although the discussion was generally conducted in academic circles, it was also picked up on by the local press (i.e., the cultural monthly “Zwrot”). It concerned not only the interests of Czech (Czechoslovak) and Polish dialectology, but also posed existential questions for the Polish minority living in this part of former Czechoslovakia. The article describes the basic theses published in the 1950s–1970s. Engaged in the discussion were, among others, Adolf Kellner (who originated the debate with the publication of Východolašská nářečí I., II., ‘Eastern Lachian Dialects I., II.’ in 1946 and 1949 respectively), Jaromír Bělič, Arnošt Lamprecht, and, representing predominantly the attitudes of Polish dialectology, Karol Dejna. The polemics were marked by the Marxist ideology of the time, and the overall policy of the Czechoslovak state, which intent was to justify the affiliation of certain linguistic areas to Czechoslovakia.
Z dziejów Słownika gwar polskich Jana Karłowicza. Kartoteka i działania wydawnicze
Authors: Rak Maciej
Published: April 2018

From the History of Jan Karłowicz’s Słownik gwar polskich (‘A Dictionary of Polish Dialects’). Card Index and Publishing EffortsThe paper is devoted to the card index to Jan Karłowicz’s Słownik gwar polskich ‘A Dictionary of Polish Dialects’ which was identified by the end of May 2017th and is currently stored at the Archive of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning in Cracow. The index provides indirect information about the creation of the first general dictionary of Polish dialects, and principally about the lexicographic method employed by Karłowicz. It is also a testimony to an ambitious, though eventually unrealized lexicographic project that was Wielki słownik języka polskiego ‘A Great Dictionary of Polish’ which was meant to comprise general Polish and dialectal vocabulary, and also include the etymological aspect. Archival materials related to the history of publication of the card index are a slice of the history of Polish dialectology which is all the more important in that it exposes the beginnings of this field.
A rare case of haemorrhagic shock secondary to spontaneous rupture of a branch of the left colic artery and the right gastric artery
Authors: Pisavadia B , Hanif M , Rana K , Budhoo M , Zaman S
Published: April 2018

Spontaneous splanchnic artery rupture is associated with up to 70% mortality. Affected vessels are often aneurysmal, secondary to atherosclerosis. We report, to our knowledge, the only case of spontaneous rupture of a branch of the left colic artery and the right gastric artery, possibly secondary to vasculitis.
A case report of caecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow
Authors: Shek K , Ditkofsky N , Ashamalla S , Patel C
Published: April 2018

Caecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow is a rare entity of which radiologist should be aware. We present a case of this entity in a patient presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis and ongoing epigastric pain. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated herniation of the caecum into the lesser sac via the foramen of Winslow. Despite the caecum appearing viable at the time of surgery, the surgeons performed a right hemicolectomy via laparotomy to prevent future recurrence.