bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restraints on Conflict in the China-US Relationship
Authors: Foot Rosemary
Published: December 2017

Like the study of China itself, theorists of power transition have lately experienced a resurgence of interest in their arguments. As China has emerged as the world’s second-largest economy, with the second-largest military budget, and has become more assertive internationally under a seemingly more powerful president, the picture painted is one of growing morbidity: war between China, the putative rising dissatisfied power, and the United States, the declining hegemon, has allegedly become highly probable. This chapter critiques these arguments and highlights the restraints on conflict that generally are given insufficient attention in power transition approaches that deal with the Sino-American relationship. The chapter argues that historical awareness among leaders, state agency, and complex economic trends that are central to the understanding of this hybrid world order, together with the domestic preoccupations of these two central protagonists, are factors that work to inhibit the outbreak of war.
The Rise and Fall of Great Powers
Authors: Lundestad Geir
Published: December 2017

There are no laws in history. Realists, liberals, and others are both right and wrong. Although no one can be certain that military incidents may not happen, for the foreseeable future China and the United States are unlikely to favor major war. They have cooperated well for almost four decades now. China is likely to continue to focus on its economic modernization. It has far to go to measure up to the West. The American-Chinese economies are still complementary. A conflict with the United States or even with China’s neighbors would have damaging repercussions for China’s economic goals. The United States is so strong that it would make little sense for China to take it on militarily. There are also other deterrents against war, from nuclear weapons to emerging norms about international relations. It is anybody’s guess what will happen after the next few decades. History indicates anything is possible.
Is China a Global Power?
Authors: Shambaugh David
Published: December 2017

The basic premises of much of the realist-inspired literature that predicts an inevitable conflict between the United State and China is based on assessments of relative power capabilities. This chapter argues that China’s comprehensive power remains a very long way behind that of the United States, when it is measured in terms of both capabilities and influence. As a result, the prospects of a global clash between these two powers appears remote. However, the power gap is much narrower in the regional Asia-Pacific context—and hence the possibility of a Sino-American conflict erupting there (and possibly becoming global)—is not insignificant.
The Rise of China in Asia
Authors: Soeya Yoshihide
Published: December 2017

The complexity of China’s rise is well expressed in its aspiration for “a new model of major power relations,” which simultaneously seeks a peaceful coexistence with the United States and a new Asian order with a strong China back in its traditional, central place. Japan is situated at the nexus of this dual nature of China’s rise. This is a natural extension of Deng Xiaoping’s strategy, which used courageous open-door and reform policies and the emphasis on the modern history of humiliation as new sources of legitimacy and unity. Recently, amid a worsening vicious cycle compounded by the phenomenon of a “normalizing” Japan and the aggravation of Chinese nationalism, the “Senkaku/Diaoyu” dispute has come to signify a virtual clash of paradigms over preferred regional orders. In the coming years, a strategy of cooperation with China’s neighbors is needed for Japan with a long-term view of coexisting peacefully with China.
Can India Balance China in Asia?
Authors: Holslag Jonathan
Published: December 2017

The chapter argues that India has a strong interest to balance China and that the two Asian giants will not be able grow together without conflict. However, India will not be able to balance China’s rise. The chapter argues that India remains stuck between nonalignment and nonperformance. On the one hand, it resists the prospect of a new coalition that balances China from the maritime fringes of Eurasia, especially if that coalition is led by the United States. On the other hand, it has failed to strengthen its own capabilities. Its military power lags behind China’s, its efforts to reach out to both East and Central Asia have ended in disappointment, and its economic reforms have gone nowhere. As a result of that economic underachievement, India finds itself also torn between emotional nationalism and paralyzing political fragmentation, which, in turn, will further complicate its role as a regional power.
Policing Africa
Authors: Schlichte Klaus
Published: December 2017

From a well-informed vantage point of a historical sociology of the police and a broad comparative perspective, this chapter argues that policing in Africa should be situated in a globally connected history. Specific policing practices and organisational models were exported from Europe and then creatively adapted; other practices and models emerged in different places simultaneously and were re-connected through ex-post classification (as under the label ‘community policing’). The central question he evokes is: if the global history of policing is indeed a connected history, of what do these connections consist and how do they change over time?
Money, Morals and Law
Authors: Beek Jan
Published: December 2017

This chapter describes how police officers use specific choreographies, tools and rhetorics, that is, registers that evoke different moral orders: violence, law, social order, sociability, and the market. Even at the much-criticized traffic checks, police officers attempt to render their actions more legitimate by selecting and deselecting specific registers. In this view, stateness is not a substantial essence but a quality of the police that emerges out of this interplay of registers in everyday interactions.
Migrants as Agents of Democratization?
Authors: Danielson Michael S.
Published: December 2017

How do migrants affect the political systems of their municipalities of origin? This chapter seeks to understand the factors that lead to a range of possible outcomes. To do this, it employs a comparative subnational research design to analyze ethnographic data gathered from 12 high-migration municipalities in the states of Oaxaca, Guanajuato, and Zacatecas. The chapter documents how migrants have interacted with home-country political actors and evaluates the impact of these interactions. Migrant engagement resulted in some form of increased political competition in 6 of the 12 municipalities studied; in all but one of these cases, the result was factionalism and a divided opposition at best, and deep and violent social conflict at worst. In the remaining 6 municipalities, dominant political actors either incorporated migrants into the prevailing system by establishing neocorporatist equilibria or successfully blocked the influence of migrant actors all together, despite high levels of migration.
Introduction
Authors: Boyd Barbara Weiden
Published: December 2017

The introduction sets out the major themes of the book and explains the terms used in the title: authority, repetition, and reception. Authority entails a comparison of Homer with Ovid, as created and challenged by Ovid himself; this theme, articulated through the trope of paternity, of paternity centers on the relationship between father and son expressed both thematically and metatextually by Ovid. Repetition, a singular hallmark of Homeric oral compositional technique, features prominently in Ovid’s notional comparison with Homer, as a stylistic gesture to his model; it also serves as a way to set up an analogy between Ovid’s eagerness to be seen as a Homeric poet and the theme of erotic desire. Finally, the perspective of reception embraces the range of Ovid’s interpretation and revision of Homer. The introduction also explains why Ovid’s interaction with the poems of Virgil is treated only peripherally, and the primary emphasis is placed on Homer.
Fathers and Sons, Part One: A Success(ion) Story
Authors: Boyd Barbara Weiden
Published: December 2017

Chapter 3 recaps the centrality of paternity as thematic and metatextual link between Homer and Ovid. It considers the didactic or paradigmatic connotations of paternal guidance and then turns to the Embassy to Achilles (Book 9 of the Iliad), in which the power of a father to guide his son is validated but also shown to be severely limited. Achilles’s tutor Phoenix tries to soften Achilles’s anger with an exemplum about Meleager: this attempt on Phoenix’s part fails, and thus enacts the poem’s recurring theme of generational conflict. The chapter then focuses on the Calydonian boar hunt in Metamorphoses Book 8 and on Heroides 3, Briseis’s letter to Achilles, which feature the Meleager story and the Embassy to Achilles. In both, Ovid uses the Homeric intertext to explore the nature of his relationship with the Homeric poems and the limits of Homer’s paternal guidance.
Homeric Desires
Authors: Boyd Barbara Weiden
Published: December 2017

Chapter 8 is devoted to Ovid’s two extended treatments of the Homeric Loves of Venus and Mars, found for the first time in Odyssey Book 8. The importance of repetition and formulaic compositional technique is central to the discussion, as Ovid repeats the Homeric tale in two very different settings and contexts. In Ars amatoria Book 2, the tale has an ostensibly didactic function that challenges Augustan mores, especially through its innovative portrayal of the consequences for Vulcan. In Metamorphoses Book 4, on the other hand, it contributes to a complex layering of inset stories that foreground Ovid’s desire to innovate upon Homeric narrative tradition.
Learning to Collaborate
Authors: Zollman Kevin J. S.
Published: December 2017

This article presents a rudimentary model of collaboration with the aim to understand the conditions under which groups of scientists will endogenously form optimal collaborative groups. By analyzing the model with computer simulations, I uncover three lessons for collaborative groups. First, in reducing the cost borne by scientists from collaborating, one benefits the members of the group. Second, increasing the number of potential collaborative partners benefits all those involved in a collaborative group. Finally and counter intuitively, this model suggests that groups do better when scientists avoid experimenting with new collaborative interactions.
Diversity, Rationality, and the Division of Cognitive Labor
Authors: Muldoon Ryan
Published: December 2017

Existing models of the division of cognitive labor in science assume that scientists have a particular problem they want to solve and can choose between different approaches to solving the problem. In this essay I invert the approach, supposing that scientists have fixed skills and seek problems to solve. This allows for a better explanation of increasing rates of cooperation in science, as well as flows of scientists between fields of inquiry. By increasing the realism of the model, we gain additional insight into the social structure of science and gain the ability to ask new questions about the optimal division of labor.
Grille
Authors: Pryce Paula
Published: December 2017

Chapter 3 offers an ethnography of silence, seclusion, and hospitality, showing how monastics and non-monastics alike worked to balance the apparent contradictions of these Benedictine tenets. Ethnographic sketches illustrate how monastic silence and seclusion can have a porous, welcoming quality, yet at the same time can shelter a serious, disciplined alternative way of life. The chapter describes varieties of monastic and non-monastic silence, including contemplatives’ cultivation of a “silence of being,” which is not dependent on a lack of sound, and the exclusivity that can occasionally rise in non-monastic contemplative circles. Further, the chapter shows some of the difficulties new practitioners have in adopting a practice of silence and contrasts the positive intention of contemplative silence with other forms of silence that serve to disempower particular sectors of society.
Cell
Authors: Pryce Paula
Published: December 2017

This chapter narrates one woman’s story of illness and a “conscious death” as an exemplification of committed, mature contemplative practice. A long-time inter-religious contemplative practitioner and clinical psychotherapist who appears repeatedly in earlier chapters, the woman’s approach to death demonstrates how increasing solitude does not necessarily cause isolation but can catalyze the intersubjectivity of a “porous self.” The chapter acts as a narrative summary of the book’s major themes by showing how one woman fully integrated contemplative religious observance into daily life and community, including through face-to-face interactions and social media. The book then concludes with insights about how a combination of intentional living, formal ritual, intellectual study, and the intentional cultivation of ambiguity can nurture contemplative Christian experiential knowledge of the “communal body.”
Introduction
Authors: Rondel David
Published: December 2017

I begin introducing the book by asking why pragmatists have had so little to say about equality and justice. I argue that the silence from pragmatists on these issues is the upshot of pragmatism’s emphasis on means and methods, instead of goals and outcomes. I then go on to sketch the contours of a pragmatist approach to these questions (emphasizing that pragmatists are likely to be political realists, and that they will be historically and contextually sensitive to real world campaigns for equality and justice) and to reflect on some of the areas in political theory to which pragmatists have made important contributions. The introduction also explains the general approach of the book, both in relation to and in distinction from, those important contributions.
Two Concepts of Equality
Authors: Rondel David
Published: December 2017

This chapter distinguishes between “vertical” and “horizontal” egalitarianism. The vertical and horizontal metaphors differentiate primarily between two types of relationship in which equality is said to play an important role—the “vertical” relationship between state and citizen, on the one hand, and the “horizontal” relationship between or among the people of a society, on the other. But the distinction may be used in a wider way to track several issues around which egalitarian theories tend to diverge: about what a commitment to equality ultimately means; about to whom or what egalitarian principles are meant to apply; about how equality is achieved and what its achievement looks like, and about how theorizing on equality is properly or most promisingly undertaken.
Toward a Pragmatist Egalitarianism
Authors: Rondel David
Published: December 2017

This chapter outlines some of American pragmatism’s central doctrines (its “problem-centric” slant, its experimentalism, its antiessentialism and its impetus for mediation and reconciliation) and indicates how these doctrines can assist us in thinking more clearheadedly about equality and inequality. More particularly, the chapter clarifies how these doctrines together suggest an approach to equality and inequality that is, contrary to some of the prevailing approaches in the egalitarian literature, philosophically realist, mindful of history and context, and attentive to real-world struggles for equality. The chapter also gives an overview of some of the central features of the pragmatist egalitarianism that the book defends.
Time, History, and Becoming in Invisible Man
Authors: Germana Michael
Published: December 2017

Chapter 1 locates the origins of Ralph Ellison’s philosophy of temporality in the ideas of Henri Bergson and Friedrich Nietzsche, and reads Ellison’s debut novel Invisible Man in light of these observations. Anticipating the work of Gilles Deleuze, Ellison places Nietzsche’s concept of eternal recurrence into a Bergsonian context by combining Nietzsche’s arguments about history and immanence with Bergson’s claims about time and its fundamental creativity. The resulting philosophy prefigures Deleuze’s ideas about difference and repetition, or, the complex relationship between becoming and being. Because Invisible Man is the text where Ellison first fully articulates these concepts, this chapter treats the novel as a critical overture to Ellison’s corpus and the temporal and historical themes that recur throughout it. In the process, this chapter challenges long-held misconceptions about Ellison, including his debt to existentialism, his dedication to disorder, his commitment to surrealism, and his status as a modernist author.
“Modulate, Daddy, Modulate!”
Authors: Germana Michael
Published: December 2017

Chapter 4 examines Ellison’s use of rhythm—specifically his incorporation of polyrhythms and his application of an advanced rhythmic concept called metric modulation—to express his beliefs about virtual temporalities and social change. The chapter illustrates how Ellison often places temporal constructs, including the static time of official history and the dynamic time of duration, into polyrhythmic relation in order to challenge an entrenched ideology of historical determinism. This process, and the critique that emerges from it, depend upon a related rhythmic concept, metric modulation, which creates metronomic instability within a musical composition and, in so doing, produces nodes of temporal bifurcation. Ellison’s use of polyrhythms and metric modulation are, like his ekphrastic references to the visual media examined in Chapters 2 and 3, expressions of his commitment to dynamic time and to the promotion of social changes that the actualization of hitherto virtual temporalities makes possible.
Prologue
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: December 2017

The prologue narrates the story of Assadullah Sarwari, former spymaster and deputy prime minister, who was arrested in India in 1990. The arrest was important in thwarting the Attempted March 1990 coup against then Afghan president, and India’s ally Mohammad Najibullah. The prologue highlights India’s policy dilemmas in Afghanistan, especially as Najibullah was ousted from power in 1992.
In Pursuit of Friendship
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: December 2017

Introducing the intent of this book, this chapter outlines the key questions and arguments made in this book. Based on a brief survey of literature and detailing of the Advocacy Coalition Framework, which guides the structure, analysis, and argument of this book, the chapter articulates the three drivers of India’s Afghanistan policy and the conceptual composition of the two competing policy advocacies towards Afghanistan: the partisans and the conciliators.
Leaning Tower of Delhi
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: December 2017

Moscow’s decision to militarily invade Afghanistan in December 1979, without consulting with New Delhi, shocked India. But even more worrisome was the impact of a haphazard Soviet withdrawal. This chapter explains how India managed these events at global, regional, and domestic levels. Ranging from Indira Gandhi’s strategic balancing act between Pakistan and US on one hand and Moscow on the other, this chapter also throws light on Rajiv Gandhi’s diplomacy on the Afghan question with US president Ronald Reagan and USSR premier Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985-89. India had begun to open up — covertly — to various Mujahideen factions behind the back of its stalwart Afghan ally, president Najibullah.
Friends from North, Foes from South
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: December 2017

The United Front’s relationship with India was anything but that of ‘dependency’. In limited in capacity and separated by geography, India was arguably the least important cog in the Iran-Russia-India triumvirate that gave covert military support to the UF. Even though the India-UF relationship withstood various Taliban and Pakistani military onslaughts, its long-term sustainability was in doubt among Indian policymakers. One incident that gave an impetus to this relationship — but also underlined its limitations — however, was the hijacking of Indian Airlines flight IC-814 in December 1999. The incident further strengthened partisans who wanted to wage an active proxy war against Pakistan and theTaliban. Occurring in the wake of nuclearization of South Asia in 1998, the India-Pakistan conflict in Kargil in 1999, and Pakistani military presence in Afghanistan, Indian diplomacy on Afghanistan in the second half of 1990s is highly indicative both of its strategic resolve and limits of influence.
No Good Taliban?
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: December 2017

An important but little known aspect of India’s Afghanistan policy after 2001 was the slow change in its outlook on the Afghan Taliban. Opening secret channels of communications, some via the Afghan government, and others directly, India began to understand, and exploit (to a limited extent), political fissures within a resurgent Afghan Taliban. Having understood that the Afghan Taliban could not be defeated militarily, Indian security planners coldly calculated that reaching out to some Taliban factions would be in India’s long-term interest. The conciliators had charted and implemented this strategy at tactical, operational and strategic levels. The partisans, who knew about these covert channels, could do little to halt them.
Introduction
Authors: Trout J.D.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 1 makes a spirited case that professional philosophy, despite its claims to usefulness, has become detached from the ordinary pursuits and achievements of more worldly disciplines, like the sciences. It provides structural reasons to explain why philosophers neglect or discountevidence from science and policy. The plausibility of naturalism rests on the balance of inductive evidence, not on the deductive consequences of a prematurely accepted dogmatic conviction. The successful reliance on evidence in the study of good reasoning, explanation, and policy reflected in these chapters provides confirmation for the naturalistic perspective. The hope is also that this book will suggest valuable lessons to philosophers, lessons about how philosophy can recruit science in the crafting of norms. Foundational or “philosophical” reflection should be an essential part of every discipline. The four chapters of this book provide lively examples of this kind of naturalism in action.
Good Reasoning and Evidence-Based Epistemology
Authors: Trout J.D.
Published: December 2017

In early epistemology, philosophers set standards on how to reason and on what counts as knowledge. These normative standards still form a core of work in contemporary epistemology, but much objectively excellent reasoning still doesn’t meet these epistemological standards, and sometimes these standards lead reasoning astray. Improving decisions about health and happiness may require developing even better reasoning strategies than are now available through contemporary epistemology. One naturalistic theory of good reasoning—Strategic Reliabilism—holds that excellent reasoning efficiently allocates cognitive resources to robustly reliable reasoning strategies, all applied to significant problems. This contrasts with the traditional normative theories in epistemology that drew their inspiration from intuitions.
Queer Children and Representative Men
Authors: Jay Gregory S.
Published: December 2017

No novel since Uncle Tom’s Cabin achieved the celebrity and cultural impact of To Kill a Mockingbird in regards to race in America. The chapter explores Lee’s youthful experiments in writing and gender-bending, and discusses how her first unpublished novel, Go Set a Watchman, approached themes both repressed and continued in Mockingbird. Using ideas from Queer Theory, the chapter argues that Lee’s racial liberalism is less comforting when read through the lens of her gender-bending children and closeted narrator, showing how the plots about Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are finally brought together. Analysis of Lee’s college writings expose her early interest in satirizing Southern racial politics, while biographical information from those years supports hypotheses about her queering of sexual norms.
In and Out of Sight
Authors: Beeston Alix
Published: December 2017

This book reappraises the connections between modernist writing and photography in the light of new work in visual culture studies that emphasizes the interplay between still and moving images. Arguing for the importance of photography to the work of four major modernist authors—Gertrude Stein, Jean Toomer, John Dos Passos, and F. Scott Fitzgerald—it proposes a new theory of composite literary form in the first half of the twentieth century. Segmented and reiterative, composite modernist writing is shaped by the figure of the woman-in-series, whose appearances and disappearances map its connective and disconnective structure. Understood in relation to the syntax of visual spacing in serial photography, the formal interstices that define modernist writing emerge as textual sites in which the dominant social and political order of modernity is negotiated and reshaped. These gaps signify both as marks of trauma, the wounds of representation according to typologies of race, gender, and class, and as a means for evading or defending against this trauma: a zone of withdrawal and recalcitrance for female characters. Moving in and out of sight, from presence to absence and back again, the woman-in-series in modernist writing destabilizes oppositions of power and vulnerability as they relate to the interactions of subjects and objects in the representational realm.
Introduction
Authors: Beeston Alix
Published: December 2017

Drawing on new work in the still–moving field, which offers an affirmative critique of the exchanges between the photographic and cinematographic image, this Introduction overhauls received narratives about the complex exchanges that exist between modern visual technologies and modernist writing. It moves across nineteenth- and twentieth-century photography history in arguing that photography is a sequential and grammatical art that denaturalizes the real through its silences, absences, and equivocations. In this, photography offers a compelling model for reading a composite mode of modernist writing that shares its intervallic aesthetic and narrative logic, and especially for reconceiving subject–object relations in that writing. This chapter introduces the trope of the woman-in-series, which stages the insurrectionary potential of the visible and invisible, silent and speaking subject in literary modernism.
Frozen in the Glassy, Bluestreaked Air
Authors: Beeston Alix
Published: December 2017

This chapter interprets the serialized narration and characterization of John Dos Passos’s Manhattan Transfer (1925) in line with the figuring of female bodies through the photographic apparatus of advertisement and celebrity that was ancillary to popular Broadway entertainments in the early twentieth century. Unpacking the image of Ellen Thatcher, Dos Passos’s central character, as a photograph at the end of the multilinear novel, it accounts for Dos Passos’s critique of the patriarchal, white-centric specular economy of the modern city. The photographic freezing of the wealthy, white Ellen registers her imprisonment to the male gaze and her resistance to those who are ethnically and socially other to her. Yet by the additive construction of its female characters, Manhattan Transfer undercuts Ellen’s sense of her essentialized difference from the novel’s other women.
Cultural Divergence
Authors: Lawrence Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

This chapter offers a periodization of the literatures of the Americas from the late nineteenth century through the postwar period. After acknowledging the emergence of a brief “transamerican literary imagination” forged in the early nineteenth century, I chart the gradual breakdown of this shared literary imagination in the second half of the nineteenth century and the concomitant rise of two distinct modes of literary production in the hemisphere: the US literature of experience and the Latin American literature of the reader. I track the emergence of these systems: in the United States, through the mid-nineteenth-century “American Renaissance,” the late nineteenth-century “age of realism,” the interwar “modernist” period, and the “postmodern” era of the second half of the century; in Latin America, through the modernismo of the turn of the twentieth century, the vanguardia movement of the 1920s and early 1930s, and the boom decades of the 1960s and 1970s.
Uncommon Grounds
Authors: Lawrence Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

This chapter turns from a historical account of the development of the US literature of experience and the Latin American literature of reading to a textual analysis of the US and Latin American historical novel. Hemispheric/inter-American scholars often cite William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! (1936), Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), and Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon (1977) as exemplifying instances of literary borrowing across the North–South divide. As I demonstrate, however, each of the later texts also realigns its predecessor’s historical imaginary according to the dominant logics of the US and Latin American literary fields. Whereas the American works foreground experiential models of reconstructing the past and conveying knowledge across generations, García Márquez’s Latin American novel presents reading as the fundamental mode of comprehending and transmitting history.
Voracious Readers
Authors: Lawrence Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

This chapter considers how Latin American writer-readers of the turn of the millenium, especially Ricardo Piglia, Roberto Bolaño, and Cristina Rivera, have made visible the implicit cultural and geopolitical codes of the US literature of experience while simultaneously constructing an alternative paradigm for literary production based on what Bolaño refers to as “voracious reading.” I examine both the dissemination of US literature in the Spanish-speaking world and the way it was received and rewritten by Latin American writers. After showing how Piglia developed a politically engaged model for the reader in the 1970s and 1980s, I demonstrate that Bolaño’s work of the 1990s and 2000s merges the positions of the reader and experiencer through a decades-long engagement with the US literature of experience. The chapter ends by showing how the contemporary Mexican novelist Cristina Rivera Garza has challenged the masculine codes of the Latin American voracious reader.
Epilogue: After Bolaño
Authors: Lawrence Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

Since the posthumous publication of 2666 in Spanish in 2004 and of the English translations of Distant Star (2004), The Savage Detectives (2007), and 2666 (2008), the novels of Roberto Bolaño—and their central figure, the reader-experiencer—have provided one of the most important models for writers in both the English- and Spanish-speaking worlds. As US authors are reading more Latin American literature than ever, Latin American authors are increasingly writing about their “experience” of the United States. After analyzing contemporary works by Latina/o writers composing in English in the United States, including Francisco Goldman, Ana Menéndez, and Junot Díaz; by non-Latina/o US writers such as Ben Lerner and Kenneth Goldsmith; and by Spanish-language writers such as Mexican-born novelist Valeria Luiselli and Puerto Rican poet Mara Pastor, the book ends by considering how recent works in the literatures of the Americas might point toward new literary possibilities in the future.
The Acquisition of Parental Rights
Authors: Millum Joseph
Published: December 2017

This chapter develops a theory of the acquisition of parental rights. According to this investment theory, parental rights are generated by the performance of parental work. Thus, those who successfully parent a child have the right to continue to do so, and to exclude others from so doing. The account derives from a more general principle of desert that applies outside the domain of parenthood. It also has some interesting implications for the attribution of moral parenthood. In particular, it implies that genetic relationships per se are irrelevant to parental rights and that it is possible to have more than two moral parents.
The Acquisition of Parental Responsibilities
Authors: Millum Joseph
Published: December 2017

It is commonly believed that parents have special responsibilities toward their children—weightier duties than they owe other children. How these responsibilities are acquired, however, is not well understood. This is problematic when claims about parental responsibilities are challenged—for example, when people deny that they are morally responsible for their biological offspring. This chapter presents a theory of the origins of parental responsibilities that can resolve such cases of disputed moral parenthood and applies it to the cases of accidental fathers and gamete donation. According to this conventional-acts account, parental duties are taken on by individuals through voluntary acts whose meaning is determined by social convention.
Introduction
Authors: Kasperbauer T.J.
Published: December 2017

The introduction explains the need for a book on moral psychology and animals. It outlines the psychological account described in more detail in chapters 2–5, which focus on the implications of the psychology of dehumanization for attitudes toward animals. It also briefly explains the approach to ethics and moral psychology provided in chapters 6–8, which discuss how we should think about ethical issues concerning animals, given the psychological details provided in chapters 2–5. Short case studies are used to illustrate the importance of dehumanization and explain how dehumanization applies to animals. Different approaches are sketched for using psychology to inform ethics.
Diagnosing Moral Failures
Authors: Kasperbauer T.J.
Published: December 2017

This chapter discusses why people often fail to meet their moral goals and identifies the main obstacles in achieving moral change. It shows how psychological processes specific to animals, as outlined in chapters 2–4, interact with broader components of moral psychology. Three main moral psychological factors are discussed: emotions, situational conditions, and self-control. These factors are used to illustrate the frequent failure of reason and higher-level cognition to modify our moral responses, including our treatment of animals. The discussion draws from a wide range of research within empirical moral psychology as well as recent critical discussion of this research among philosophers.
Psychological Plausibility for Animal Ethics
Authors: Kasperbauer T.J.
Published: December 2017

This chapter outlines the ethical implications of the psychological processes discussed in chapters 2–5. It illustrates the range of views one can take on how psychological processes impact moral ideals, within the context of debates over “ought implies can” and collective moral obligations. The main goal of the chapter is to show how psychological factors must inform ethical and political theorizing about animals. Criteria for assessing the psychological plausibility of moral ideals are proposed and applied to popular theories in animal ethics. These criteria are discussed in relation to “non-ideal” theories for improving treatment of animals and changing attitudes to animals over long periods of time.
Managing Moral Psychology for Animal Ethics
Authors: Kasperbauer T.J.
Published: December 2017

This chapter makes practical suggestions for managing moral psychology for ethical goals. It does so by looking at interventions aimed at 1) altering human psychology and 2) restricting the impact of morally objectionable psychological biases. The chapter provides justification for intervening to change people’s attitudes toward animals, within the context of debates over the permissibility of “nudges.” Empirical research on reducing bias between groups of human beings is discussed in order to inform proposals for changing attitudes to animals. Classic moral goals in animal ethics are also discussed, with an eye toward how these goals could be assisted by having a better understanding of moral psychology.
Philosophical Sex
Authors: Hillman David
Published: December 2017

This essay argues that we need to give more thought to sex in Hamlet—to broaden our thinking beyond the critical consensus regarding the protagonist’s “loathing” of sexuality. I suggest that Hamlet’s antisexual disposition is part not only of his investment in a bounded, isolated self, but also of his concomitant bias toward an epistemology that figures knowledge under the sign of possessive dominion. This means that we can apprehend sex philosophically (and philosophy sexually). This essay understands sex, following Jean-Luc Nancy, as an invitation to unknow, to let go of the sovereignty we habitually impose upon things, experiences, bodies. For most of the play, Hamlet turns down that invitation. But sex isn’t purely degraded in the play; Hamlet suggests a different relation to self-sovereignty and bodily closure, one that embraces both the impossibility of sovereign selfhood and, paradoxically, the prospect that one’s very existence is staked upon this impossibility.
Hamlet’s “Now” of Inward Being
Authors: Budick Sanford
Published: December 2017

This essay proposes that the key element in Hamlet’s experience of a self “within that passes show” is his systematic achievement of a transformed temporality. His instrument for achieving this other temporality is recurrent representation of a chiasmus of theatricalization—an interminable interchange between kinds of role playing—that propels the imagination’s quest for authenticity. Harnessing the power of that chiasmus momentarily brackets or suspends external reality and transforms time into an internal “now” or “presence” where inward being is disclosed. Husserl’s meditative model of the epoché and Kant’s account of the sublime are levied upon to aid in explaining the achievement of this temporal transformation and the meaning of the resultant inward “now.”
“Unpacking the Heart”
Authors: Schalkwyk David
Published: December 2017

Hamlet is not usually considered a play about love, although some have traced a conception of desire in Hamlet’s relationship with his mother. This essay approaches the classic distinction between the public and the private in Hamlet by focusing on the discourses of love, viewed through Wittgenstein’s remarks on the relationship between interiority and the public face of meaning. The essay argues that although interiority is not “nothing,” as some materialist Shakespeare critics have argued, nor is it “some thing” that exists within. Love exemplifies this liminality. It is neither a completely interior emotional state nor merely “actions that a man might play,” but a concept with a public use: it requires a set of sustaining social practices and conditions. Therefore, the difficulties of finding and expressing love in the play shows a society in which it is impossible for the speech act “I love you” to take proper effect.
Choreomania
Authors: Gotman Kélina
Published: December 2017

This book traces the emergence and spread of the choreomania concept through colonial medical and ethnographic circles, showing how fantasies of instability—and of the Oriental other—haunted scientific modernity. Scenes from the archives of medical history, neurology, psychiatry, sociology, religion, and popular journalism show how the discursive history of the ‘dancing mania’ moved and transformed with its translations throughout the colonial world. From antiquarian references to ancient Greek bacchanals and medieval St. Vitus’s dances, to scientific reperformances of early modern religious ecstasies, and American government anthropology, ‘choreomania’ arose to signal every sort of gestural and choreographic unrest. Village kermesses, revolutionary crowds, and neuromotor disorders—including hysteria, epilepsy, and chorea—were among the many unruly forms of locomotion indiscriminately compared to bacchanalian turmoil. So too, charges of spontaneous political agitation levied against demonstrators from Africa and South America to the South Seas reveal heightened anxieties about the spread of social disorder. Initially employed to describe ‘contagious’ popular dances, jerking movements, and convulsions, with decolonization, the ‘dancing disease’ increasingly described the fitful drama of anti-European revolt. Closely indebted to the work of Michel Foucault, this book opens a new chapter on the way we think epidemic madness and the organization and disorganization of bodies and disciplines in the modern age. Setting ideas about disruptively moving bodies at the heart of the scientific enterprise, this book argues that disciplines themselves were at once more porous and mobile than is commonly allowed, and that ‘dance’ itself has to be radically reimagined across fields.
Introduction
Authors: Gotman Kélina
Published: December 2017

‘Choreomania’ borrows from and extends the Orientalist trope described by Edward W. Said: imagined as feminine, exotic, and ancient, so-called choreomaniacs were also described in colonial medical and anthropological literature as jagged and unpredictable. ‘Epidemic hysterias’ involving frenzied dancing, or individual ticking and jerking, constitute an alternative history of gestural modernity, opposite to the smooth and efficient movement of ‘torque’. The fantasy of dance-like neuromotor disorder disrupting the smooth march of modernity constitutes choreomania as a swarm-like madness whose conceptual genealogy, following Michel Foucault, can be traced through a discursive history articulated across fields. The chapter proposes to think about the movement of this writing, the archival repertoire of scenes describing disorderly movement as it circulated around the world. Choreography itself can thus be understood as an art and science of motion, in motion: ‘choreography’—writing dance—describes the imagined, and moving, borderline between figures of order and unrest.
Mobiles, Mobs, and Monads
Authors: Gotman Kélina
Published: December 2017

The emergence of crowd theory in nineteenth-century sociology provided a new language for thinking how unruly bodies gather together organically. Drawing on the first large-scale biohistories of the French Revolution, made possible through documents unveiled at the Archives Nationales, theories of crowds, revolutionary and disordered, animal, automatic and ecological, spawned a genealogy of thinking about the way individuals’ movements were rendered—it was thought—primitive in groups. From the ‘Jerks’ in Kentucky and Tennessee to episodes of falling, starting, ticking, and jumping in hospitals, factories and lumber camps, the ‘social body’ appeared to be teetering out of choreopolitical control. Bacchantic drunkenness, like childlike play, epitomized thoughtless imitation and epidemic enthusiasm according to social scientists and neurologists concerned with the political effects of social contagion. Rapidly proliferating automatic gesture provoked crowds, they wrote, to form and significantly to deform—to disorganize—the political, social, and economic spheres, revealing a demos in disarray.
‘The Gift of Seeing Resemblances’
Authors: Gotman Kélina
Published: December 2017

In this penultimate chapter, the ‘choreomania’ diagnosis all but dissolves. Visiting British and other colonial government anthropologists, moving around the colonial world from Jamaica and Papua New Guinea to New Zealand, read islanders performing ecstatic preparations for the ‘Great Awakening’ or the return of ancestors in rafts as participating in yet another iteration of a primitive type of dancing disease. Yet, as this chapter also shows, the ‘cargo cults’, just like the Hauhau movement, conjugated a complex play of counter-mimicry which reappropriated colonial props, language, and gesture in a theatre of messianic anticipation. In turn reappropriated by later twentieth-century anthropologists into a romantic narrative about native freedom and liberation from oppression, ‘choreomania’ turns on its head. No longer deemed merely ‘premodern’, dancing and shaking ecstatics and other millennialist prophets and their followers serve as fantastical models for a ‘Western’ world seeking to cultivate indigenous alterities of its own.
Emerson's Memory Loss
Authors: Hanlon Christopher
Published: December 2017

Emerson’s Memory Loss is about an archive of texts documenting Emerson’s intellectual state during the final phase of his life, as he underwent dementia. It is also about the way these texts provoke a rereading of the more familiar canon of Emerson’s thinking. Emerson’s memory loss, Hanlon argues, contributed to the shaping of a line of thought in America that emphasizes the social over the solipsistic, the affective over the distant, the many over the one. Emerson regarded his output during the time when his patterns of cognition transformed profoundly as a regathering of focus on the nature of memory and of thinking itself. His late texts theorize Emerson’s experience of senescence even as they disrupt his prior valorizations of the independent mind teeming with self-sufficient conviction. But still, these late writings have succumbed to a process of critical forgetting—either ignored by scholars or denied inclusion in Emerson’s oeuvre. Attending to a manuscript archive that reveals the extent to which Emerson collaborated with others—especially his daughter, Ellen Tucker Emerson—to articulate what he considered his most important work even as his ability to do so independently waned, Hanlon measures the resonance of these late texts across the stretch of Emerson’s thinking, including his writing about Margaret Fuller and his meditations on streams of thought that verge unto those of his godson, William James. Such ventures bring us toward a self defined less by its anxiety of overinfluence than by its communality, its very connectedness with myriad others.
Emerson’s Memory Loss
Authors: Hanlon Christopher
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines Emerson’s 1870–71 lecture series Natural History of Intellect, which formed as Emerson’s experience of memory loss became profound, and registers its author’s shifting protocols for producing texts as he contended with changing patterns of cognition. Natural History of Intellect reflects upon Emerson’s increasing reliance upon his daughter, Ellen Tucker Emerson, who assisted Emerson as he lectured and who eventually reshaped Emerson’s manuscript materials. Entering into conversation with other literary historians who challenge an account of Emerson’s thought that enshrines Emersonian individualism to the exclusion of more communal dimensions of transcendentalism, this chapter contends that the lecture series theorizes the terms of his collaboration with Ellen in ways that break with Emerson’s earlier tendency to lionize insular consciousness and to isolate the body from the mind, offering instead an account of first-person thought as if always interpenetrated with the thinking of other people.
Knowing by Heart
Authors: Hanlon Christopher
Published: December 2017

This chapter takes up the dispute that occurred in 1841 between Emerson and Margaret Fuller—a falling-out precipitated by Emerson’s affective coldness—as a fulcrum in Emerson’s evolution toward activist politics. Examining Emerson’s writing on friendship and his relationship with Fuller, in particular in the essay “Friendship” (1841) and the coauthored book Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli (1852), the chapter contends that especially after Fuller’s death (an event that coincided with the passage of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law), Emerson’s mulling of his friend’s charge that his own chilly disposition had prevented him from enjoining the “full communion” that Fuller and other friends had proffered provided him the template for traversing his own formerly aloof political engagement.