bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses to water limitation are independent of light for saplings of a seasonally dry tropical forest
Authors: Sunny Ron , Guha Anirban , Jezeera Asmi , Mohan N Kavya , Mohanbabu Neha , Barua Deepak
Published: January 2025

Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) experience large spatial and temporal variation in water and light availability. The effect of heterogeneity in these limiting resources on species water use, physiology, and growth is still not well understood. We used a shade‐house experiment to manipulate light and water availability and examine plant water uptake, leaf‐level physiology, and sapling growth in four co‐occurring SDTF species belonging to both evergreen and deciduous plant functional types. Water uptake varied dramatically among species with a fivefold difference in maximum whole‐plant transpiration (WPT). While species differed in how WPT, leaf physiology, and growth responded to shade, there were no differences among species, or between evergreen and deciduous functional types, in responses to limited water. Importantly, responses to shade were independent of water availability in all four species. Changes in WPT in response to limited light and water were largely congruent with changes in leaf physiology and growth. However, the magnitude of change in leaf physiology was largely driven by light, while changes in WPT and growth were driven by water availability. Thus, whole‐plant water uptake may be a better indicator of plant growth responses in these species. Overall, these results suggest that responses to light and water limitation may be independent of each other, allowing species in SDTFs to explore a wide range of combinations of light and water responses to adapt to heterogeneous light and water niches.
Leaf‐Litter Depth, Not Canopy Openness, Mediates the Occurrence of an Invasive Shrub From the Forest Edge to Interior
Authors: Lai Hao Ran , Chong Kwek Yan , Wong Melissa Qi Yun , Tan Hugh Tiang Wah , Yeo Darren Chong Jinn
Published: January 2025

Continental tropical forests with intact canopies and densely shaded understories are often perceived to be particularly resistant to biological invasions, yet canopy disturbances leave them vulnerable to gap colonization by invasive plants. The Neotropical shrub, Miconia crenata, is an example of a successful invader in intact continental tropical forests but is generally well known to be restricted to forest trails and edges. However, existing studies that quantify the decline in M. crenata from forest edge to interior rarely compare the relative importance of direct edge effects with indirect edge effects mediated by processes that vary with distance from forest edge. To address this gap, we aim here to identify the most relevant processes influencing M. crenata invasion in the secondary tropical forests of Singapore. Using a path model on field observations collected using an adaptive cluster sampling methodology, we found that the occurrence of M. crenata did not change directly with distance from forest edge. Instead, the decreased occurrence of M. crenata in forest interiors was indirectly mediated by thicker leaf litter, which is detrimental to the small seeds of M. crenata. While there was a direct positive relationship between canopy openness and M. crenata occurrence, canopy openness was not a mediator for relationships with distance to forest edge. These findings suggest that environmental filtering of germinants is an important determinant of the invasion success of M. crenata, and that litter retention could be an effective management against M. crenata even in smaller fragments where canopy gaps have extended far into the forest interior.
Talking About Religion? Differences in Religious Socialization Among Recently Arrived Refugees Between Quebec and Other Provinces in Canada
Authors: Ng Ka U. , Soehl Thomas
Published: January 2025

How does context shapes religious practices and religious expression of immigrants? Existing work has focussed on changes over the long term and across generations. We argue that context can shape religious practice shortly after arrival. Using a nationally representative survey of Syrian refugees with children who arrived between late 2015 and 2018, we examine how often parents talk to their children about religion, a central mechanism in religious socialization. We compare Quebec, which has become increasingly restrictive about public religious expression to other Canadian provinces, which are often upheld as exemplars of multicultural accommodation. Syrian refugees in Quebec, especially mothers, report significantly less frequent religious discussions with their children than those in other provinces, regardless of whether they are Christian or Muslim. This pattern is not explained by pre‐migration religiosity or settlement selection, suggesting that Quebec's distinct socio‐political environment shapes religious expression soon after arrival.
Modulating Anxiety‐Like Behaviors in Neuropathic Pain: Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Astrocytes Activation
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Zhong Qi , Liu Zhuang , Zhao Ziyue , Wang Jie , Zhang Zongze
Published: January 2025

Aims

The comorbidity of anxiety‐like symptoms in neuropathic pain (NP) is a significant yet often overlooked health concern. Anxiety sufferers may have a lower tolerance for pain, but which is difficult to treat. Accumulating evidence suggests a strong link between astrocytes and the manifestation of NP with concurrent anxiety‐like behaviors. And the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has emerged as a key player in pain modulation and related emotional processing. However, the complex mechanisms that astrocytes in ACC influence anxiety behavior in mouse models of NP remain largely unexplored.

Methods

Utilizing the traditional spared nerve injury (SNI) surgical model, we employed chemogenetic approaches, immunofluorescence, and western blot to investigate the functional significance and interactive dynamics between ACC astrocytes and excitatory neurons.

Results

Our results revealed that SNI surgery induces NP and delayed anxiety‐like behaviors, accompanied by increased astrocyte activity in the ACC. Chemogenetic manipulation demonstrated that inhibiting astrocytes alleviates anxiety symptoms, while activating them exacerbates anxiety‐like behaviors, affecting local excitatory neurons and synapse density. Direct manipulation of ACC excitatory neurons also significantly impacted anxiety‐like behaviors.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the pivotal role of ACC astrocytes in modulating anxiety‐like behavior, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for anxiety associated with NP by targeting astrocyte function.
Multi IRS‐Aided Low‐Carbon Power Management for Green Communication in 6G Smart Agriculture Using Deep Game Theory
Authors: Masood Fahad , Ahmad Jawad , Al Mazroa Alanoud , Alasbali Nada , Alazeb Abdulwahab , Alshehri Mohammed S.
Published: January 2025

Power consumption management is vital in achieving sustainable and low‐carbon green communication goals in 6G smart agriculture. This research aims to provide a low‐power consumption measurement framework designed specifically for critical data handling in smart agriculture application networks. Deep Q‐learning combined with game theory is proposed to allow network entities such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRSs), and Base Stations (BS) to make intelligent decisions for optimal resource allocation and energy and power consumption. The learning capabilities of DQL with strategic reasoning of game theory, a hybrid framework, have been developed to realize an adaptive routing plan that emphasizes energy‐conscious communication protocols and underestimates the environment. It further enables the investigation of multi‐IRS performance through several key metrics assessments, such as reflected power consumption, energy efficiency, and Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement.
Regeneration of Lumbriculus variegatus requires post‐amputation production of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Beinart Freya R. , Gillen Kathy
Published: January 2025

Animals vary in their ability to replace body parts lost to injury, a phenomenon known as restorative regeneration. Uncovering conserved signaling steps required for regeneration may aid regenerative medicine. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for proper regeneration in species across a wide range of taxa, but it is unknown whether ROS are essential for annelid regeneration. As annelids are a widely used and excellent model for regeneration, we sought to determine whether ROS play a role in the regeneration of the highly regenerative annelid, Lumbriculus variegatus. Using a ROS‐sensitive fluorescent probe we observed ROS accumulation at the wound site within 15 min after amputation; this ROS burst lessened by 6 h post‐amputation. Chemical inhibition of this ROS burst delayed regeneration, an impairment that was partially rescued with exogenous ROS. Our results suggest that similar to other animals, annelid regeneration depends upon ROS signaling, implying a phylogenetically ancient requirement for ROS in regeneration.
Achievement of HbA1c and weight targets in adults with type 2 diabetes on once weekly injectable glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist therapy in UK primary care: A retrospective, real‐world study
Authors: Gulati Kunal , Wijndaele Katrien , Webb Joanne , von Arx Lill‐Brith , Seif Monica , Jennison Thomas , Geneidat Antonia , Wild Rosie , Wood Robert , Khunti Kamlesh
Published: January 2025

Aims

Evaluate glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and weight changes after 6 months of once‐weekly (QW) injectable glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) therapy in UK primary care.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective, non‐interventional study, using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care database, identified adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) newly initiating a QW injectable GLP‐1 RA between January 2020 and November 2021. Dual primary outcomes were proportion of patients with (1) HbA1c < 7% (<53 mmol/mol) and (2) weight loss categories (from 0% to 15+%) after 6 months of continuous GLP‐1 RA therapy.

Results

The study cohort comprised 10 816 adults: mean ± standard deviation age 58.8 ± 11.4 years, baseline HbA1c 9.3% ± 1.7% (78.1 ± 18.6 mmol/mol) and body mass index 36.6 ± 7.2 kg/m2. Of 5236 patients with data, 32.8% achieved HbA1c < 7% after 6 months; this proportion was higher for time since T2D diagnosis <5 years (34.1%) versus longer disease duration: ≥5–<10 years (28.0%), ≥10–<15 years (18.7%) and ≥15 years (19.3%). Of 3963 patients with weight data, 22.0% did not lose weight; 34.0%, 27.0%, 11.4% and 5.6% achieved weight reductions of >0%–<5%, ≥5%–<10%, ≥10%–<15% and ≥15%, respectively. No major differences in weight loss were observed by diabetes duration.

Conclusions

Two thirds of T2D patients receiving QW injectable GLP‐1 RA for 6 months did not attain target HbA1c < 7%, and less than half and one‐quarter of patients achieved ≥5% and ≥10% weight loss, respectively. Results suggest an unmet need for better clinical management of T2D in UK primary care.
Exploitation of Eurosystem loopholes and their quantitative reconstruction
Authors: Svozil Karl
Published: January 2025

This article identifies and analyses six key strategies used to exploit the Eurosystem's financial mechanisms, and attempts a quantitative reconstruction: inflating TARGET balances, leveraging collateral swaps followed by defaults, diluting self‐imposed regulatory rules, issuing money through Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA), acquisitions facilitated via the Agreement on Net Financial Assets (ANFA), and the perpetual (re)issuance of sovereign bonds as collateral. These practices stem from systemic vulnerabilities or deliberate opportunism within the Eurosystem. While it does not advocate for illicit activities, the article highlights significant weaknesses in the current structure and concludes that comprehensive reforms are urgently needed.
Stable Soil Biota Network Enhances Soil Multifunctionality in Agroecosystems
Authors: Long Xianwen , Li Jiangnan , Liao Xionghui , Wang Jiachen , Zhang Wei , Wang Kelin , Zhao Jie
Published: January 2025

Unraveling how agricultural management practices affect soil biota network complexity and stability and how these changes relate to soil processes and functions is critical for the development of sustainable agriculture. However, our understanding of these knowledge still remains unclear. Here, we explored the effects of soil management intensity on soil biota network complexity, stability, and soil multifunctionality, as well as the relationships among these factors. Four typical land use types representing a gradient of disturbance intensity were selected in calcareous and red soils in southwest China. The four land use types with increasing disturbance intensity included pasture, sugarcane farmland, rice paddy fields, and maize cropland. The network cohesion, the network topological features (e.g., average degree, average clustering coefficient, average path length, network diameter, graph density, and modularity), and the average variation degree were used to evaluate the strength of interactions between species, soil biota network complexity, and the network stability, respectively. The results showed that intensive soil management increased species competition and soil biota network complexity but decreased soil biota network stability. Soil microfauna (e.g., nematode, protozoa, and arthropoda) stabilized the entire soil biota network through top‐down control. Soil biota network stability rather than soil biota network complexity or soil biodiversity predicted the dynamics of soil multifunctionality. Specifically, stable soil communities, in both the entire soil biota network and selected soil organism groups (e.g., archaea, bacteria, fungi, arthropoda, nematode, protozoa, viridiplantae, and viruses), support high soil multifunctionality. In particular, soil microfauna stability had more contributions to soil multifunctionality than the stability of soil microbial communities. This result was further supported by network analysis, which showed that modules 1 and 4 had greater numbers of soil microfauna species and explained more variation of soil multifunctionality. Our study highlights that soil biota network stability should be considered a key factor in improving agricultural sustainability and crop productivity in the context of increasing global agricultural intensification.
Amplifying Women's Voices in Menopause Research: The Importance of Inclusive Perspectives
Authors: Cronin Camille , Donevant Sara , Hughes Kerri‐ann , Kaunonen Marja , Marcussen Jette , Wilson Rhonda
Published: January 2025

Menopause, a significant life transition for half the global population, intersects biological, cultural and social dimensions. Despite its universal occurrence, menopause research has historically been dominated by biomedical perspectives, often neglecting women's voices and diverse experiences. This article highlights the importance of including women's perspectives in menopause research to ensure relevance, accuracy and equity. It explores cultural variations in menopause experiences, the impact of socioeconomic status and the often‐overlooked emotional and psychological dimensions. This article advocates for participatory approaches, emphasising that women's involvement enhances research design, implementation and policy development. Evidence‐based interventions that are tailored to the individual can better address the diverse needs of menopausal women. The discussion extends to addressing health disparities, calling for inclusive research and policies to ensure equitable access to care. Ultimately, empowering women through co‐designed research and inclusive policies can transform the menopause journey into an enriching life phase, promoting resilience and inclusivity across communities. This paradigm shift in menopause research and policy highlights the need for diversity, collaboration and evidence‐based approaches to improve health outcomes and quality of life for all women.

Patient or Public Contribution

This article has been informed by a menopause service user group who discuss their experiences of menopause. The group was formed because of initial qualitative research and now meet on a regular basis to co‐design and co‐produce activities that inform ongoing research for the menopause taskforce.
Efficacy of a topical live probiotic in improving skin health
Authors: Jain Rohit , Voss Abigail L. , Del Rosario Jessica , Hale John D. F.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Micrococcus luteus is a commensal bacterial member of the human skin and is essential in keeping the balance among the various microbial flora of the skin. M. luteus strain Q24 or BLIS Q24™ was isolated from the skin of a healthy human adult and is known to produce a unique antimicrobial spectrum that is inhibitory towards pathogens associated with skin diseases. It has been developed as a probiotic with potential applications in improving overall skin health.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the perceived changes in skin quality following topical application of a formulation containing skin commensal probiotic BLIS Q24™.

Methods

A 28‐day study involving 96 participants with self‐reported normal skin with occasional blemishes or breakouts, topically applied a serum formulation containing BLIS Q24™ to the face. Participants quantitatively evaluated the probiotic serum effect on their skin at baseline Day 0 and then again on Day 10, 20 and 28 of the application. In addition, participants maintained a photo diary to record the perceived changes to their skin.

Results

A total of 96 participants completed this research. In comparison to the baseline (Day 0), within 10 days, a significant reduction in blackheads (48%), oiliness (48%), blemishes (57%), dry areas (23%), redness/rosacea (45%) and flaky and rough skin (38%) were reported. The probiotic serum was also effective in a significant reduction in fine lines and wrinkles (38%), whiteheads (41%), pimples (55%), age spots (29%), and acne (21%) by the end of 28 days of probiotic application. Overall, there's agreement that probiotic serum delivers or exceeds consumer expectations from the concept and performs just as well, or better, than their regular moisturizer.

Conclusion

An approach of delivering a live probiotic packaged in an innovative formula to improve several skin conditions in otherwise healthy individuals was found to be successful. This study highlights that a serum formulation containing BLIS Q24™ has a positive impact on skin health. It is effective topically in reducing the appearance of skin blemishes, oiliness, wrinkles, redness, and dryness. BLIS Q24™ offers the potential for preventing skin health‐related issues and routine maintenance of skin microbiome for healthy skin.
Position statement on longitudinal cracks and fractures of teeth
Authors: Patel Shanon , Teng Peng‐Hui , Liao Wan‐Chuen , Davis Matthew Craig , Fidler Ales , Haupt Franziska , Fabiani Cristiano , Zapata Ronald Ordinola , Bose Rahul
Published: January 2025

This position statement is a consensus view of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The statement is based on current clinical and scientific evidence as well as the collective reflective practice of the committee. The aim is to provide clinicians with evidence‐based, authoritative information on the aetiology, clinical presentation, and management of cracks and fractures that typically manifest along the long axis of the crown and/or root.
‘I Don't Know How to Live Real Life Sober’—Identifying Needed Supports Through the Voices of Pregnant and Parenting People Seeking Recovery
Authors: Raynor Phyllis , Corbett Cynthia F. , West Delia , Guille Constance , Eichelberger Kacey , Litwin Alain , Prinz Ronald
Published: January 2025

Pregnant and parenting people (PPP) experience complex challenges when seeking recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). Using a community‐based participatory research approach, researchers partnered with PPP seeking recovery from SUD to explore supports needed in their communities. Findings are reported in adherence with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Thirty PPP were recruited from a residential drug recovery facility in the Southeastern United States. Participant interviews were conducted in‐person or virtually. PPP were asked to identify existing and needed parenting and recovery supports in their communities. Interviews were transcribed, verified for accuracy and coded using NVIVO software. Thematic analysis was framed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) eight dimensions of wellness, which reflect wellness standards across life domains. Participants identified internal and external challenges including feelings of guilt and shame, treatment access issues, lack of recovery support, grief and loss and inadequate instrumental support. Needed supports were broadly categorised as parenting resources, childcare resources, housing supports, recovery supports, occupational training and assistance and spirituality resources, and then evaluated and sorted based on appropriate fit within the SAMHSA's eight dimensions of wellness. Highest perceived needs fit within Intellectual, Emotional, Spiritual and Environmental wellness dimensions, respectively. Healthcare providers promoting recovery for PPP should focus on support needs within SAMHSA's dimensions of wellness and develop strategies that address the full range of these critical wellness dimensions. Intellectual, emotional and tangible environmental supports including parenting and recovery skills training, accessible mental health care and residential housing with childcare availability are essential for long‐term recovery and positive parenting.
Contributing factors to the length of stay and discharge destination of home health care patients: 10‐year electronic health record analysis using the Donabedian model
Authors: Lee Hana , Kim Aeri , Lee Hyeyoun , Woo Kyungmi
Published: January 2025

Aim

To identify the factors affecting the length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination (DD) of home health care (HHC) patients in South Korea.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted using the electronic health records of 1769 patients from a hospital in South Korea. Data were collected from January 2013 to December 2022. We categorized the independent variables into patient context, structure, and process factors following a modification of Donabedian's model. Hierarchical and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used.

Results

The mean length of stay was 26.41 days. Patients were discharged to the following locations: 35.0% continued HHC, 21.0% died, 19% were discharged to their homes, 17.0% were admitted, and 8.0% were sent to other locations. Patients' sex, type of insurance coverage, and primary caregiver as well as the number of nurse visits, HHC admission route, and type of nursing service were predictors of their LOS. Operation history, a high Charlson comorbidity index, the type of insurance coverage, HHC admission route, and certain nursing care services were associated with admission and death as the DD.

Conclusions

Process variables (e.g., number of nurse visits, HHC admission route, type of nursing services) have a considerable influence on determining the LOS and DD of HHC patients. This result provides new insights into the use of HHC services and care transitions out of the hospital for patients living in their home, offering evidence to reduce unnecessary readmissions and ensure more effective and efficient HHC.
Impacts of hnRNP A1 Splicing Inhibition on the Brain Remyelination Proteome
Authors: Brandão‐Teles Caroline , Carregari Victor Corasolla , Reis‐de‐Oliveira Guilherme , Smith Bradley J. , Chaves Yane , Sousa Santos Aline Valéria , Pinheiro Erick Martins de Carvalho , Oliveira Caio C. , Vieira Andre Schwambach , Crunfli Fernanda , Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel
Published: January 2025

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the central nervous system, are implicated in several neurological disorders marked by dysfunctional RNA–binding proteins (RBPs). The present study aimed at investigating the role of hnRNP A1 in the proteome of the corpus callosum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus of a murine cuprizone–induced demyelination model. Right after the cuprizone insult, we administered an hnRNP A1 splicing activity inhibitor and analyzed its impact on brain remyelination by nanoESI‐LC‐MS/MS label‐free proteomic analysis to assess the biological processes affected in these brain regions. Significant alterations in essential myelination proteins highlighted the involvement of hnRNP A1 in maintaining myelin integrity. Pathways related to sphingolipid and endocannabinoid signaling were affected, as well as the synaptic vesicle cycle and GABAergic synapses. Although behavioral impairments were not observed, molecular changes suggest potential links to memory, synaptic function, and neurotransmission processes. These findings enhance our understanding of the multifaceted roles of hnRNP A1 in the central nervous system, providing valuable insights for future investigations and therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases.

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An International Survey on the Use of a Polyrevitalizing Solution With or Without Other Aesthetic Procedures in the Daily Practice of Aesthetic Physicians
Authors: Fanian Ferial , Casabona Gabriela , Bartoletti Emanuele , Cartier Hugues , Landau Marina , Galadari Hassan , Bageorgou Fotini , Ogilvie Alexandra , Theodorakopoulou Elina , Arteaga Ariana , Gokalp Hilal , Pisal Philippe Hamida , Lopez Ingrid Gerhke , Rucinski Gabriel , Chebbah Myriam , Le Clanche Solenn , Varlet Alice‐Anaïs , Sukmanskaya Natalia , Issa Hanane , Philippon Valerie , Stratigos Alexander
Published: January 2025

Objective

NCTF135HA, a versatile polyrevitalizing solution, is a potent agent for enhancing skin quality, radiance, moisture, vitality, and diminishing fine wrinkles caused by aging factors. Data demonstrate a divergence in its application from skin quality enhancement to treatment of vitiligo lesions. To know more precisely about the protocol of use among providers, alone or in combination with other procedures, we performed an international survey.

Method

A Steering Committee of dermatologists, aesthetic surgeons, and physicians developed a 32‐question questionnaire based on a literature review. Hosted online from January to March 2024, it targeted healthcare professionals experienced in polyrevitalization. Responses were analyzed anonymously and reported descriptively.

Results

Practitioners adopt a balanced approach: half of their patients receiving classic Polyrevitalization (NCTF135HA alone) and the other half undergoing combination therapy (NCTF135HA with another aesthetic procedure). Most administer NCTF135HA across multiple sessions, typically three (39.7%). In combination therapy, 55.5% of practitioners use NCTF135HA for medical purposes, targeting Melasma (53.1%) and Rosacea (45.0%) for instance. Aesthetic use is prevalent, with 94.2% employing NCTF135HA for skin wrinkles (79.9%), and refreshment, rejuvenation, and hydration (73.4%). Combining NCTF135HA with hyaluronic acid (71.2%) and botulinum toxin (49.1%) is common, alongside microneedling (50.2%), peelings (32.4%), and fractional radiofrequency (25.6%).

Limitations and Conclusion

Our survey showed a homogenous distribution of NCTF135HA utilization, indicating a consensus on its application across diverse demographics. This consistency highlights its widespread acknowledgment and efficacy in various aesthetic and clinical settings. Limitations include a large respondent group from Mexico and many respondents with less than 10 years of experience.
A Systematic Literature Review on Auction Mechanisms: Insights From the Last Decade and Future Directions
Authors: Felicetti Alberto Michele , Luzzi Martina , Ammirato Salvatore , Guerriero Francesca
Published: January 2025

This study reports the results of a systematic literature review on auctions mechanism. Auctions are a very popular practice employed in many fields but does not exist a research that investigates the use of auctions under a cross‐disciplinary approach. This work is focused on analyzing which are the areas where auctions are mostly adopted and what are the techniques used to solve auction‐related problems. Referring to the publications from 2013 to 2024 and using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm, three main topics related to auctions research are identified and widely explained. In addition, an auction classification scheme in which auction characteristics are classified along 10 different directions is developed and presented. The scheme is useful for understanding the auction building process, especially for those who approach the study of auctions. Promising future research directions on this subject are provided.
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years in rural America, by Census region and select demographic characteristics: 2020
Authors: Matthews Kevin A. , Murray Christian T. , Nguyen Brenda L. , Spears Katie S. , Jackson Eva M. J. , Hall Diane M. , McGuire Lisa C.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are a significant public health concern characterized by memory decline that, over time, leads to loss of independence. This study reports ADRD diagnosis rates among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥ 65 years in rural America.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive analysis of Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage enrollees using administrative Medicare data from 2020. Combining data from Medicare FFS and Medicare Advantage produces a more complete and representative sample of older adults than previous studies that used FFS data alone. Nonmetropolitan counties were used to define rural. Rural ADRD diagnosis rates, stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and Census region, were adjusted using the 2000 Census population standard.

Findings

The study population consisted of 54 million Medicare data Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage enrollees aged ≥ 65; 5.3 million beneficiaries were diagnosed with ADRD, and 16.2% (n = 861,337) of beneficiaries diagnosed with ADRD resided in rural America. The age‐adjusted ADRD diagnosis rate was slightly lower in rural America (9.6 per 100 beneficiaries) than in the United States (10.0 per 100 beneficiaries). The South Census region had the highest rural ADRD diagnosis rates.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support mechanisms to address the growing burden of ADRD in rural communities.
Cotton RLP6 Interacts With NDR1/HIN6 to Enhance Verticillium Wilt Resistance via Altering ROS and SA
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Wang Yan , Gu Qishen , Liu Lixia , Wang Zhicheng , Zhang Jin , Meng Chengsheng , Yang Jun , Zhang Zixu , Ma Zhiying , Wang Xingfen , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2025

Cotton Verticillium wilt (VW) is often a destructive disease that results in significant fibre yield and quality losses in Gossypium hirsutum. Transferring the resistance trait of Gossypium barbadense to G. hirsutum is optional but challenging in traditional breeding due to limited molecular dissections of resistance genes. Here, we discovered a species‐diversified structural variation (SV) in the promoter of receptor‐like protein 6 (RLP6) that caused distinctly higher expression level of RLP6 in G. barbadense with the SV than G. hirsutum without the SV. Functional experiments showed that RLP6 is an important regulator in mediating VW resistance. Overexpressing RLP6 significantly enhanced resistance and root growth, whereas the opposite phenotype appeared in RLP6‐silenced cotton. A series of experiments indicated that RLP6 regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) signalling, which induced diversified defence‐related gene expression with pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins and cell wall proteins enrichments for resistance improvement. These findings could be valuable for the transfer of the G. barbadense SV locus to improve G. hirsutum VW resistance in future crop disease resistance breeding.
Differential expression of CCD4(4B) drives natural variation in fruit carotenoid content in strawberry (Fragaria spp.)
Authors: Amaya Iraida , Roldán‐Guerra F. Javier , Ordóñez‐Díaz José L. , Torreblanca Rocío , Wagner Henning , Waurich Veronika , Olbricht Klaus , Moreno‐Rojas José M. , Sánchez‐Sevilla José F. , Castillejo Cristina
Published: January 2025

Carotenoids are a diverse group of pigments imparting red, orange, and yellow hues to many horticultural plants, also enhancing their nutritional properties and health benefits. In strawberry, the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating the natural variation of fruit carotenoid composition remain largely unexplored. In this study, we use a population segregating in yellow/white flesh to detect a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), qYellow Flesh‐4B, located on chromosome 4B and accounting for 82% of total phenotypic variation. In the QTL interval, specific polymorphisms on the promoter of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD4(4B) were associated with yellow flesh, down‐regulation of CCD4(4B) during ripening, and increased carotenoid content. The role of CCD4(4B) in carotenoid turnover was further confirmed through transient overexpression in strawberry fruits, which resulted in decreased concentrations of the xanthophylls violaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Notably, a −35 C>T single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CCD4(4B) promoter was predictive of both CCD4(4B) expression and carotenoid content across a diverse collection of octoploid Fragaria species. These findings provide valuable genetic insights into the natural variation of carotenoid composition and accumulation in strawberry. A high‐resolution melting (HRM) DNA test developed in this study offers a rapid and reliable method for predicting high carotenoid content in strawberry fruits, representing a valuable tool for breeding projects aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of this crop.
Chronic Kidney Disease‐Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD‐MBD) in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Tamer Zenab , Hanudel Mark R. , Salusky Isidro B.
Published: January 2025

Kidney transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), effectively alleviating numerous comorbidities and offering a substantial survival advantage over long‐term dialysis. Despite advancements in immunosuppressive regimens and improvements in graft and patient survival rates, extended patient longevity brings an accumulating burden and complexity of bone disease in this population, which often goes underrecognized. The present study reviews the pathophysiology of CKD‐MBD in pediatric KTR, focusing on the progression of bone disease before and after transplantation. We aim to enhance understanding of available screening options, highlighting their advantages and limitations, to support more informed decision‐making in CKD‐MBD management.
Transcatheter Pulmonary Flow Restrictors as a Palliative Bridge to Heart Transplant
Authors: Masilamani Mats Steffi Jennifer , Johnson Jonathan N. , Ameduri Rebecca K. , Stephens Elizabeth H. , Cabalka Allison K. , Anderson Jason H.
Published: January 2025

Background

In recent years, transcatheter implantation devices to restrict pulmonary arterial flow have emerged as a potential alternative to surgical pulmonary artery banding.

Case Presentation

A term male was diagnosed with critical aortic stenosis (AS) and severely reduced left ventricle (LV) systolic function. He underwent aortic balloon valvuloplasty on day 2 of life, resulting in some antegrade flow, but LV ejection fraction only improved to 15%. He remained ductal dependent for systemic perfusion. Pulmonary over‐circulation ensued with systemic steal evident in his second week of life. On day 14, he underwent a transcatheter stage 1 procedure including the placement of bilateral pulmonary flow restrictor (PFR) devices and ductal stenting. Post‐procedure, he improved clinically, weaned off respiratory support, and transitioned to oral feeds while awaiting cardiac transplant.

Twelve days later, he received a donor heart, with an uneventful recovery. He is now 3 years post‐transplant and has excellent graft function, and his transplant course has been unremarkable.

Conclusion

Transcatheter‐based palliation for a neonate with critical AS, utilizing endoluminal PFRs, proved effective in stabilizing the infant and successfully bridging him to transplant. This highlights an opportunity for the utilization of PFRs in neonatal conditions where control of pulmonary blood flow is imperative as a bridge to transplantation.
Abdominal fluid score as a predictor of transfusion needs and outcome in cats following trauma
Authors: Langlois Theresa J. , Mastrocco Alicia , Prittie Jennifer E. , Weltman Joel G.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the value of the abdominal fluid score (AFS) in cats following trauma in determining surgical needs, transfusion needs, and mortality.

Design

Multicenter retrospective observational study utilizing data from the Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry.

Setting

VetCOT Veterinary Trauma Centers.

Animals

A total of 2309 cats entered into the VetCOT registry between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, were included.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Of the included cats, 148 had abdominal effusion on presentation (AFS 1–4, positive AFS [pAFS]). pAFS cats demonstrated a lower total plasma protein (6.2 g/dL, range: 2.8–9.2 g/dL vs 6.8 g/dL, range: 2.6–11 g/dL, P < 0.001) and a more negative base excess (BE) (−9, range: −23.7 to 10 vs −6.1, range: −31.7 to 1, P = 0.001) than cats without abdominal effusion (negative AFS [nAFS]). pAFS cats also had a higher baseline Animal Trauma Triage score (ATTS) than nAFS cats (5, range 0–12 vs 3, range 0–17, respectively, P < 0.001). pAFS cats were more likely to require blood transfusions (16% [23/148] vs 4% [94/2161], P < 0.001) than nAFS cats, but need for surgical intervention did not differ between groups. A pAFS was associated with increased need for hospitalization (62.8% [93/148] vs 47.7% [1030/2160], P < 0.001), but length of hospital stay did not differ. Cats with pAFS experienced higher mortality compared to nAFS cats (42.6% [63/148] vs 22.7% [491/2161], P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The presence of abdominal effusion in cats following trauma was associated with increased morbidity in this study, as demonstrated by greater need for transfusion, increased likelihood of hospitalization, and greater mortality. Cats in the pAFS group had more negative BE and higher ATTS, but need for surgery, length of hospitalization, PCV, and blood glucose, plasma lactate, and ionized calcium concentrations were not different between groups.
Toward a Consistent Framework for Describing the Free Vibration Modes of the Brain
Authors: Jennings Turner , Amini Rouzbeh , Müftü Sinan
Published: January 2025

Frequency-domain analysis of brain tissue motion has received increased focus in recent years as an approach to describing the response of the brain to impact or vibration sources in the built environment. While researchers in many experimental and numerical studies have sought to identify natural resonant frequencies of the brain, sparse description of the associated vibration modes limits comparison of results between studies. We performed a modal analysis to extract the natural frequencies and associated mode shapes of a finite element (FE) model of the head. The vibration modes were characterized using two-dimensional (2D) plate deformation notation in the basic medical planes. Many of the vibration modes characterized are similar to those found in previous numerical and experimental studies. We propose this characterization method as an approach to increase compatibility of results between studies of brain vibration behavior.
Reduced-Order Modeling and Optimization of a Flapping-Wing Flight System
Authors: Reade J. , Cote B. , Jankauski M.
Published: January 2025

Flapping-wing micro-air vehicles (FWMAVs) are an emerging technology inspired by flying insects that show promise in applications favoring maneuverability and vehicle compactness. However, current designs are limited by inefficient energetics, and current dynamical models of the flight system employ limiting assumptions when considering power demands. Here, we derive a system-level model of the insect flight system including the thorax, wing, and wing hinge that can inform insect-inspired FWMAV design. We applied the model to study the flight system of a hawkmoth, and used a genetic algorithm optimization to tune uncertain model parameters to minimize the power required to hover. Results show that performance is improved by utilizing multimodal excitation to produce favorable flapping kinematics. This is achieved by locating the flapping frequency of the moth between the nonlinear resonant frequencies, resulting in magnified flapping response and aerodynamically advantageous phase. The optimal flapping frequency can be predicted from the system’s underlying linear natural frequencies and is roughly 54% of the system’s mean natural frequency. Furthermore, effective solutions are configured so that the timing of the applied load and thorax responses are matched such that little effort is spent reversing the wing stroke. The optimized model parameters and corresponding kinematics show moderate agreement with those reported for the hawkmoth. To maintain hovering flight, the successful moths in the population expend approximately 58.5 W/kg. The system-level model and the governing principles identified here can inform the design of energy efficient FWMAVs moving forward.
Master Curve Evaluation Using the Fracture Toughness Data at Low Temperature of T − T0 < −50 °C
Authors: Yamamoto Masato , Kirk Mark , Shinko Tomoki
Published: January 2025

The Master Curve (MC) fracture toughness evaluation methodology standardized by ASTM E1921 and JEAC4216 specifies an acceptable test temperature, T, to be selected within the range of ±50 °C from the evaluated reference temperature, T0. If small size specimens, such as 4 mm thickness Mini-C(T), are used to measure fracture toughness, KJc, temperatures lower in this range should be selected to avoid an excessive number of KJc values being censored due to plastic strain evolution that leads to specimen failure above the KJclimit prescribed by both standards. The combined constraints imposed by the T0 ± 50 °C range and the KJclimit may cause difficulty in selecting an appropriate test temperature, especially for smaller specimens. The present study proposes a criterion based on Tave, the average of test temperature of uncensored valid KJc values in a dataset, to judge whether a dataset including data obtained T − T0 < −50 °C can be used for estimation of T0. Multiple analyses with synthetic KJc datasets, which explore different minimum toughness and temperature dependence characteristics than the classical Master Curve assumption as sensitivity studies, demonstrated that if Tave − T0 ≧ −50 °C, the resultant T0 value predicts as Master Curve that reasonably represents the fracture toughness of the data even if the dataset includes some data tested at temperatures below T − T0 = −50 °C. Master Curve analyses performed on recursively sampled datasets from an experimental fracture toughness dataset of over 200 values demonstrated that the concept of Tave works reasonably well for T0 values determined from a realistic dataset size (e.g., 12–16). Allowing use of some data tested below T − T0 = −50 °C created a higher percentage of valid T0 evaluations than can be achieved using the existing requirements of either ASTM E1921 or JEAC4216.
“I’m Trusting You, Don’t Let Me Down”: One Faculty Member’s Efforts at Employing the Spectrum Model
Authors: Brunsdon Jamie Jacob , Layne Todd Estel , Coleman Diane , Loupe Keith , Bentley Victoria
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The spectrum model is a composite pedagogical model seeking to promote human flourishing. The purpose of this study was to provide a first account of the model in one K–12 school. Freddie, a purposefully recruited faculty member with expertise in models-based practice, was provided the model and instructed to read, interpret, and implement the model with three classes during one semester. Method: Data were collected with eight techniques and analyzed using traditional methods. Results: Findings suggested that Freddie’s organizational structure, method, and content captured the spirit of the model and supported his ability to employ various teaching styles. Factors influencing his reading, interpretation, and implementation of the approach were identified. Conclusion: This study provides a description of flourishing pedagogies and reinforces the argument for developing new pedagogical models in school physical education. Future research dedicated to exploring established and emergent models through the lens of human flourishing is warranted.
Effects of vitamin B
12
supply on cellular processes of the facultative vitamin B
12
consumer
Vibrio campbellii
Authors: Groon Luna-Agrippina , Bruns Stefan , Dlugosch Leon , Wilkes Heinz , Wienhausen Gerrit
Published: January 2025

Vitamin B
12
(cobalamin, herein B
12
) is a key cofactor for most organisms being involved in essential metabolic processes. In microbial communities, B
12
is often scarce, largely because only few prokaryotes can synthesize B
12
de novo
and are thus considered B
12
-prototrophs. B
12
-auxotrophy is mostly manifested by the absence of the B
12
-independent methionine synthase, MetE. Here, we focus on bacteria that we classified as facultative B
12
consumers as they encode both B
12
-independent and -dependent (MetH) methionine synthases yet largely cannot synthesize B
12
de novo
. The genus
Vibrio
belongs to this group, and our work shows that upon B
12
supply growth of
Vibrio campbellii
is accelerated and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) concentrations are enhanced. We speculate that methionine synthesis efficiency, dependent on B
12
availability, is linked to AI-2 synthesis. The precursor for AI-2 synthesis is S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), which in turn requires methionine as a precursor. In almost all
Vibrio
species studied,
btuF
(B
12
-binding protein), which is required for B
12
uptake, and
cobD
(Adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase), which enables remodeling of B
12
-like compounds, are encoded on the same operon as
pfs
(or
mtnN
, Adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase), the first enzyme in the two-step AI-2 synthesis reaction. Transcriptomic analyses show that virulence factors, such as toxin synthesis, fimbriae formation, and activation of the type-6 secretion system, which have been shown to be regulated by quorum sensing via AI-2, are significantly upregulated in
V. campbellii
when B
12
is available. Our results demonstrate that
V. campbellii
is a facultative B
12
consumer and indicate that B
12
availability affects AI-2 levels and thus potentially virulence factor regulation.

IMPORTANCE

Metabolites play a key role in microbial metabolism and communication. While vitamin B
12
is an essential cofactor for important enzymatic reactions, autoinducer-2 mediates interspecies signaling and can regulate the expression of genes that are crucial for virulence and survival. In our study, we hypothesize and present findings how these two important metabolites are linked in
Vibrio
species.
Vibrio campbellii
grows without B
12
but at an accelerated rate when B
12
is present, and we detect higher AI-2 values in cultures with B
12
amendment. Transcriptome analyses show how vitamin B
12
availability significantly upregulates gene expression of virulence factors such as toxin synthesis, fimbrial formation, and activation of the type-6 secretion system in
V. campbellii
.