bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Website for the EREM Sports Complex in Osh City
Authors: Turdubaeva Zh.
Published: October 2023

The main feature of developing a sports complex website is service for current clients and useful information for new ones. This article discusses the main aspects of the EREM sports complex. The process of designing and implementing a website using modern technologies is also considered.
Historical and Legal Aspects of Consolidating the Concept of a “Social State” as One of the Foundations of the Constitutional System of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Bazarbai uulu E. , Bakalbaev Z.
Published: October 2023

The historical, international legal and socio-economic aspects of consolidating the concept of a social state in the constitutions of the Kyrgyz Republic are considered.
Registered Muslim Religious Organizations and Educational Institutions in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Salmorbekova R. , Alymbaev A.
Published: October 2023

This article presents an analysis of the Concept of State Policy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the religious sphere for 2021-2026, revealing the role of religion in the development of the country. The new Concept defines the principles and mechanisms of interaction between state bodies, local governments, religious associations and communities, as well as other institutions of civil society. To ensure social partnership of religious organizations in the implementation of state policy based on the Concept, mechanisms of dialogue and interaction are being introduced. They are based on the formation of sustainable dialogue platforms with the participation of all interested parties on the issue of religious policy.
Definition of the Activities of a Coach for Patriotic Education of Students Involved in Kyrgyz National Sports Wrestling
Authors: Minbaev D. , Anarkulov Kh.
Published: October 2023

In this article, in order to determine the activity of a coach for the patriotic education of youth students engaged in sports, data on the Kyrgyz national wrestling classes, events held, the activities of the coach during participation in competitions, in their free time are presented; pedagogical conditions for the formation of patriotic feelings, important levels of their necessary qualities and properties are disclosed, feedback indicators. According to the concept of the athlete's credibility theory, patriotism is one of the most important qualities that determine the attitude of coaches to a particular sport, to training events, competitions with it. Therefore, the author points out the need to consider parts of the educational process in the upbringing of patriotic feelings among fighters. The article clearly shows that in the education of fighters for patriotism, there was a need to develop a flexible measure, for this purpose, the author developed the content of the conversation and its structure. The actions of the teacher-coach in the formation of patriotic feelings among young wrestlers on the basis of a conversation; the forms of events held in free time from the training process, participation in competitions, training events, as well as the views of the teacher-coach on the creation of appropriate pedagogical conditions for the formation of patriotic feelings among wrestlers are developed; the basic principles of the formation of the necessary qualities and qualities of wrestlers, important levels; forms of educational activity; training includes forms of education outside of training and participation in competitions, etc.
Kyrgyz National Sports Wrestling as an Effective Means in Physical and Patriotic Education of Students
Authors: Minbaev D. , Baimuratov K.
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the issues of improving the effectiveness of the educational work of young athletes, including young wrestlers engaged in Kyrgyz national wrestling, the introduction of advanced patriotic ideas at various stages of long-term sports training (preparatory and ongoing competitions), the introduction of exchange in full terms of interpersonal interactions, exchange in various training groups, groups to improve the sports level, the deployment provides for a wide deployment of activities. Educating young wrestlers in the spirit of physical culture and patriotism, the author looked for the origins of options for various types of scientific, methodological and practical work. The teachers-trainers clearly demonstrated the need to increase the effectiveness of knowledge and the level of their training sufficient for such necessary work, as well as specific means of physical and patriotic education of young wrestlers engaged in Kyrgyz national wrestling, taking into account the forms and methods, the current situation in society and the requirements. The organization of physical and patriotic education of young wrestlers in terms of scientific work emphasizes the need for a positive impact on the spiritual and moral type of personality in the education of sports humanism in sports schools. This article concludes that the emergence of a sense of patriotism is directly related to the rational behavior of athletes, an important factor of which is the high level of formation of mentally correct education: intelligence, will, emotions, sports and practical activities.
Content of Technical Training of Young Kuresh Player (Wrestlers) at the Stage of Initial Sports Specialization
Authors: Umetaliev E. , Tukeev E.
Published: October 2023

This article discusses some features of the technical training of young kuresh player at the initial stage of training in the chosen sports specialization. Since wrestling kuresh is a complex coordination sport, the article describes its inherent tactical and technical actions and teaching them at the initial stage of educational and training processes starting from a young age. These include psychological, physiological, physical and features of tactical and technical actions, taking into account the age and characteristics of the body: perception of the opponent by visual, tactile, musculoskeletal and vestibular sensations, starting with the systematic approach of the training process; conditions for sparring fights half to competitive fights; tactics of fighting in the rack and in the stalls in general confrontation; manifested reactions to the actions of the opponent both in attack and in defense when fighting both in the stand and in the stalls using various techniques; instantaneous flow of thought processes and factors during motor activity during the fight, which have a high impact on the psycho-emotional state of the kuresh player. On the physical performance of a young kuresh player using rational physical exertion, performing them in parts (phases) in the application of technical and tactical actions in wrestling kuresh in practice with the identification of the style and analysis of the conduct of the duel at various points of the competition. The article also analyzes the opinions and statements of prominent scientists in this field, in the preparation of novice young wrestlers of various styles and types of wrestling.
Sequence of Training Motor Actions in Kyrgyz National Sports Kuresh Wrestling
Authors: Umetaliev E. , Tukeev E.
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the problems related to the basic learning of motor actions: the content, meaning, features and sequences of motor actions training in the Kyrgyz national kuresh wrestling. The purpose of the article is to reveal the issue of consistent training of motor actions of techniques in the Kyrgyz national kuresh wrestling. The sides of programmed training for solving the training tasks of sports training are revealed, allowing the implementation of the sequence of training in the process of learning the technical and tactical actions of kuresh wrestling, the selection of means (content), the establishment of the meaning and features of the learning process. Thus, the initial theoretical information concerning the peculiarities of this type of struggle is concretized, where the issues of the sequence of mastering theoretical materials on tactical and technical actions, personal qualities related to physiological and psychological qualities that increase the functional and mental capabilities of kuresh player are solved. The article also provides practical recommendations for the development of motor actions, taking into account tactical and technical actions with subsequent preparation for competitive activity with the anticipation of expected results and their analysis. The works of a number of scientists leading scientific work in the field of tactical and technical actions of wrestlers-athletes were used, which describes the scientific research work on motor actions training at various stages of training. Thus, the effectiveness of the systematic training of athletes for the upcoming physical exertion is called for, which allows solving a number of issues of motor activity training and further working to improve the effectiveness of training of systematic training of kuresh player.
Theatricalized Project Activity as a Means of Developing Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents
Authors: Getmanova O. , Ivanov D.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of emotional intelligence in adolescence. The article substantiates the relevance and necessity of developing emotional intelligence for the personal development of adolescents, which allows them to effectively build relationships with peers. A general description of the concept of “emotional intelligence” is given, the structural components of emotional intelligence, approaches and methods of its formation are indicated, and indicators of developed emotional intelligence are revealed. There is a shortage of reliable methods and means of developing emotional intelligence. The article contains a rationale for project activities as an effective method for developing the emotional intelligence of adolescents. The characteristics of project activity and its use in various subject and educational areas both at school and at university are given. The content of the interactive project method is revealed, namely the inclusion of adolescents in creative project activities through the organization of puppet shows based on various works of art. The effects of adolescents’ participation in theatrical, emotionally charged activities are shown. A description of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the successful formation of emotional intelligence of adolescents in the course of creative project activities is provided. At the same time, the article notes the need for experimental testing of the effectiveness of these psychological and pedagogical conditions.
Investigation of Intercultural Awareness Levels of Vocational High School Students in Turkey and Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Gul Ya. , Gunce Ye.
Published: October 2023

In this study, it is aimed to comparatively examine the intercultural awareness levels of Turkish and Kyrgyz vocational high school students. The research was designed as a survey study based on a quantitative approach. The sample group of the research consisted of vocational high school students from Turkey and Kyrgyzstan determined by simple random technique. The data of the study were collected simultaneously from a vocational high school students in Turkey and Kyrgyzstan with the help of a scale. As a result of the research, the intercultural awareness levels of vocational high school students in Turkey and Kyrgyzstan were calculated as high. It was determined that the intercultural awareness levels of Kyrgyz vocational high school students were higher than those of Turkish vocational high school students. In the study, it was concluded that the intercultural awareness levels of Turkish and Kyrgyz vocational high school students did not differ according to the father’s profession variable. It was observed that the intercultural awareness levels of vocational high school students did not differ according to the variable of whether they had friends from a different culture. Finally, the relationship between the intercultural awareness levels of vocational high school students and their class and age levels was examined. It was determined that the intercultural awareness levels of Kyrgyz vocational high school students had a high level of positive correlation with the class.
Experimental Work on the Formation of Professionally Significant Values and Incentives of Primary General Education Teachers
Authors: Sulaimanova G. , Uzakbaev I.
Published: October 2023

Professional and pedagogical preparedness of a teacher of primary general education is theoretical, practical and individual-personal preparedness to solve problems related to the implementation of the State educational standard of school general education of the Kyrgyz Republic of the new generation, covering relevant professional and pedagogical activities (individual and personal qualities, properties, abilities, psycho-emotional stability, goal orientation, etc.). The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of professionally necessary values and motivations of teachers of primary general education in professional and pedagogical activities. The conscious and meaningful attitude of teachers to the needs of transforming their professional and pedagogical activities, their assimilation of the necessary knowledge, abilities, skills and experience in the use of innovative pedagogical and information and digitalization technologies, reflection of their pedagogical activities, individual-personal orientation and motivations are formed through special an organized course-seminar to improve the professional and pedagogical preparedness of teachers. The experimental work carried out within the framework of the personality-oriented component was assessed according to professionally significant values and motivation; the formation in the experimental group has a positive change in this component, which was assessed according to the incentive-value criterion.
Digitalization of Lifelong Education as a Means for Forming Professional Competences of Students
Authors: Choguldurov M. , Yusupova G. , Sharshenalieva T. , Tulemysheva B.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the role of digitalization in the organization of lifelong education as a means of developing professional competencies in the context of informatization of education. The relevance of the study lies in the study of the system for implementing the effective functioning of the mechanism of continuous education at the university, as one of the effective means in implementing the strategy for the sustainable development of students’ professional competencies. The issues of continuous education should be considered as a multifaceted phenomenon in solving educational and cognitive problems, the essence of which is the formation of professional competence of students in conditions of independent cognitive activity. In this regard, it is especially important that students, mastering knowledge and methods of obtaining it, realize that independent work on writing scientific papers is designed to fulfill the tasks of all other types of educational work, since no knowledge that has not become the subject of one’s own activity can be considered a true property of professionalism and competence. Considerable interest in the development of continuous education allows us to conclude that the topic of the formation of professional competencies is in demand in the conditions of informatization of education. The article develops recommendations on the formation of professional competence of students in the context of digitalization of education, as a form of active organization of the “culture of educational and labor activity of a student”.
The Analysis of the Syntactic Interference and the Ways of Its Expression in a Text on the Example of Spanglish
Authors: Yartseva S.
Published: October 2023

The problem of syntactic interference, in particular, of its expression in a text, is being investigated. As the example, the syntax of such mixed language as Spanglish that is based on the interference and the interaction of the English and the Spanish languages is being analyzed. To illustrate the subtypes of the syntactic interference, a number of literary works written in Spanglish have been analyzed, on the basis of which patterns have been derived in the manifestation of the syntactic interference types in this mixed language.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Author Translation as a Special Type of Translation Process (Based on the Analysis of Author Translations of Lolita and Camera Obscura Novels by V. V. Nabokov)
Authors: Ramizoghlu R.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the author’s translation, which has its own characteristics. Very few writers or poets have also translated their work into another language. The main reason for this is the small number of writers who are bilingual and have the talent as translators. The author-translator must know not only his native language, but also the foreign language he is translating his work to the intricacies, and he must be intimately familiar with the culture of the speakers of that language. Although author translation is considered by experts to be the most reliable type of translation, it also has its shortcomings. The cases of departure from the original, which are often found in the translated texts of the author-translators, often turn the translated work into an imitation of the original and lead to the disappearance of part of the informative load in it. On the other hand, this situation can result in the weakening of the aesthetic impact of the translated work. The activity of the well-known Russian writer V. V. Nabokov in the field of author translation should be specially mentioned. He wrote his works in Russian and English and translated some of them from these two languages. In particular, it is possible to appreciate the translation of the Lolita writer’s novels from English to Russian, and Camera Obscura (Laughter in the Dark) from Russian to English as examples of the author’s translation. In addition to the study of the theoretical problems of the author’s translation, the article attempts to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the author’s translation as a type of translation based on the analysis of the above-mentioned author’s translations by Nabokov.
BİR ÖRGÜTSEL TÜKETİCİ OLARAK ÇALIŞANLARIN PERFORMANSLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: KIRVAÇ Gamze , ARMUTCU Barış
Published: October 2023

Stres, günümüz iş dünyasında yaygın bir sorundur ve çalışanlar üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açmaktadır. İş davranışlarının değişmesine ve rekabetin artmasına rağmen, örgütlerin etkili olabilmesi için çalışanların performanslarını artırmaları gerekmektedir. Ancak, bu performans artışı bazen çalışanlar üzerinde stres yaratmaktadır. Bu stres, hem bireysel hem de örgütsel düzeyde olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilmektedir. Özellikle, çalışanların kurumsal bağlılığını ve performansını etkileyen sonuçlar ortaya çıkabilir. Bu bağlamda yapılan bu çalışmada, değişim yorgunluğunun çalışanların iş stresine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, akademisyenlerin ve çalışanların karşılaştığı değişim yorgunluğunun iş streslerine etkisini tespit etmektir. Araştırma, akademisyenlerin ve çalışanların stres düzeylerini ve bu stresin çalışma performanslarına etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla Iğdır Üniversitesi'nde görev yapan 288 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler SPSS 26 ve AMOS 21 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, değişim yorgunluğunun çalışanların iş stresini artırdığını göstermektedir. Özellikle, çalışanların değişim yorgunluğu yaşadıkları durumlarda iş stresi düzeylerinin arttığı ve buna bağlı olarak iş performanslarının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, iş yerlerinde değişim yönetimi ve stres yönetimi politikalarının geliştirilmesi gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.
SOME QUALITATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF CERTAIN NONLINEAR THIRD-ORDER STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH DELAY
Authors: BANİRE Rukayat , FABELURİN Olanrewaju O , DR. Professor , ADEMOLA Adeleke Timothy , MATHEW Omeike
Published: October 2023

This study considered certain nonlinear third-order stochastic differential equations with delay. The third-order equation is reduced to an equivalent system of first-order differential equations and used to construct the desired complete Lyapunov-Krasovski\v{\i} functional. Standard conditions guaranteeing stability when the forcing term is zero, boundedness of solutions when the forcing term is non-zero, and lastly the existence and uniqueness of solutions are derived. The obtained results indicated that the adopted technique is effective in studying the qualitative behaviour of solutions. The obtained results are not only new but extend the frontier of knowledge of the qualitative behaviour of solutions of nonlinear stochastic differential with delay. Finally, two special cases are given to illustrate the derived theoretical results.
ABOUT GROUP OF POINTWISE INNER AUTOMORPHISMS FOR NILPOTENCY CLASS FOUR
Authors: AYDIN Ela
Published: October 2023

Let $L_{m,c}$ stand for the free metabelian nilpotent Lie algebra of class $c$ of rank $m$ over a field $K$ of characteristic zero.

Automorphisms of the form $\varphi(x_i)=e^{adu_i}(x_i)$ are called pointwise inner, where $e^{adu_i}$, is the inner automorphism

induced by the element $u_i\in L_{m,c}$ for each $i=1,\ldots,m$. In the present study, we investigate the group structure of

the group $\text{\rm PInn}(L_{m,4})$ of pointwise inner automorphisms of $L_{m,4}$ for nilpotency class four.
Assessing the Resistance of Different Chili Genotypes to Chili Leaf Curl Virus (Chilcv) and Evaluating Insecticides for Controlling its Vector, Bemisia Tabaci
Authors: Mustafa Azher , Naseer Saima , Ahmad Salman , Aatif Hafiz Muhammad , Khan Azhar Abbas , Hassan Zeshan , Hanif Ch. Muhammad Shahis , Saeed Saba , Shah Javed Anwar , Ali Yasir
Published: October 2023

The production of chili in Pakistan is currently facing a significant threat from Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). A study was conducted in the crop growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad to assess the susceptibility and resistance of nine chili genotypes to ChiLCV. Each genotype was replicated three times by using the Randomized Complete Block Design. Weekly documentation was carried out to record the incidence and severity of the disease. During the first and second crop growing seasons, it was observed that, Tarapuri (78%, 76.9%), CH 107 (67.8%, 63.7%), Talhari (65.7%, 56.8%), CH 109 (52.7%, 54.4%), CH 108 (50.8, 51.1), and GSL-111 (42.6%, 39.5%) genotypes showed susceptible response to ChiLCV. The two genotypes Hybrid-46 (17.7%, 18.5%) and Hot Queen (15.5%, 13.4%) exhibited a moderately resistant response and only one genotype CBS1292 (40.7%, 39.1%) showed a moderately susceptible response against ChiLCV. The results of the screening experiment indicated that a majority of chili varieties exhibit susceptibility to chili leaf curl disease and the most of the germplasm is deficient in terms of providing protection against the disease. In addition, another study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of five insecticides, namely Acephate 75 SP, Emamectin, Imidacloprid, Diafenthiuron, and a combination of these insecticides, in managing percent disease incidence, reducing whitefly population, and enhancing crop yield. Among the various insecticides evaluated, Diafenthiuron exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing disease incidence (7.70%, 6.66%), reducing white fly population (1.80, 1.56), and increasing the yield of green fruit (120.71, 132.52q/ha) followed by combination of all of these inecticides, Imidacloprid, Emamectin, and Acephate during both crop growing seasons. This approach has proved a high level of safety and ecological compatibility, and it appeared to be a practical disease management tool.
Exploring the Effects of Plant Extracts, Biological Agents and Essential Oils on the Non-Chemical Management of Banana Leaf Spot Disease
Authors: Talpur Mir Shahbaz Ali , Abro Manzoor Ali , Jatoi Ghulam Hussain , Marri Jan Muhammad , Poussio Gul Bahar , Qayyum Muhammad Mazhar , Rajer Faheem Uddin , Hajano Jamal-U-Ddin , Shafique Saima
Published: October 2023

The present research aimed to effectively manage Fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of banana leaf spot disease, through the utilization of diverse botanical extracts, essential oils, and biocontrol agents. Various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of botanical extracts, namely Garlic, Turmeric, Ginger, Neem, and Mint, were tested to assess their antifungal efficacy. Garlic demonstrated complete inhibition of radial growth (0.00 mm), with decreasing growth observed in Neem, Turmeric, Ginger, and the most extensive growth seen in Mint (32.83, 21.33, and 16.25 mm, respectively). Antifungal effects of specific essential oils (Clove, Tarpin, Castor, Bitter chamomile, Neem) were evaluated using the poisoned food technique at the mentioned concentrations. Clove exhibited complete growth inhibition (0.00 mm), followed by Tarpin, Castor, and Neem. Conversely, Bitter Chamomile oil promoted maximum growth (35.41, 30.41, and 25.50 mm). Control plates displayed growth of 90 mm. The study also assessed different in vitro biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum, Zasmidium anthuriicola, Penicillium sclerotiorum, Hypocrea lixii, and Chaetomium subaffine) against the target pathogen. Among these, Z. anthuriicola (18.41 mm) prevented F. oxysporum growth most effectively, followed by T. harzianum, P. sclerotiorum, C. subaffine, and H. lixii. While managing this destructive disease remains a significant challenge, the eco-friendly strategies employed in the study demonstrated that Garlic extract, Clove oil, and the biocontrol agent Z. anthuriicola substantially hindered the mycelial growth of the target pathogen.
Cholinergic neurodegeneration and cholesterol metabolism dysregulation by constitutive p75NTR signaling in the p75exonIII-KO mice
Authors: Comaposada-Baró Raquel , Benito-Martínez Andrea , Escribano-Saiz Juan Julian , Franco María Luisa , Ceccarelli Lorenzo , Calatayud-Baselga Isabel , Mira Helena , Vilar Marçal
Published: October 2023

Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few mouse models of AD recapitulate the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic system. The p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, has been associated with the degeneration of BFCNs in AD. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone number 8 (SAMP8) is a well-accepted model of accelerated and pathological aging. To gain a better understanding of the role of p75NTR in the basal forebrain during aging, we generated a new mouse line, the SAMP8-p75exonIII−/−. Deletion of p75NTR in the SAMP8 background induces an increase in the number of BFCNs at birth, followed by a rapid decline during aging compared to the C57/BL6 background. This decrease in the number of BFCNs correlates with a worsening in the Y-maze memory test at 6 months in the SAMP8-p75exonIII−/−. We found that SAMP8-p75exonIII−/− and C57/BL6-p75exonIII−/− mice expressed constitutively a short isoform of p75NTR that correlates with an upregulation of the protein levels of SREBP2 and its targets, HMGCR and LDLR, in the BF of both SAMP8-p75exonIII−/− and C57/BL6-p75exonIII−/− mice. As the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic system and the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism are implicated in AD, we postulate that the generated SAMP8-p75exonIII−/− mouse strain might constitute a good model to study long-term cholinergic neurodegeneration in the CNS. In addition, our results support the role of p75NTR signaling in cholesterol biosynthesis regulation.
Marine Macroalgae in Rabbit Nutrition: In Vitro Digestibility, Caecal Fermentability, and Microbial Inhibitory Activity of Seven Macroalgae Species from Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Al-Soufi Sabela , Nicodemus Nuria , Carro María Dolores , López-Alonso Marta , Miranda Marta , Muíños Antonio , Cegarra Eugenio , Vázquez-Belda Beatriz , Domínguez Herminia , Torres María Dolores , Flórez-Fernández Noelia , García Javier
Published: October 2023

The limitation on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in animal feed in Europe has critically challenged the rabbit meat industry, which urgently needs to find solutions. A feasible alternative could be using macroalgae in the diet to improve the gut health. This research studied seven species of marine macroalgae in four formats (dehydrated, enzymatically hydrolyzed, aqueous extract, and aqueous extract of hydrolyzed macroalgae) in order to select the most promising ones for their use in rabbit feed. Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, in vitro caecal gas, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against common pathogens were studied. All S. latissima products showed high caecal fermentability and VFA production, especially in both types of extracts. The H. elongata aqueous extract was remarkable due to its high in vitro butyrate production, which can be of great interest for improving gut health. The MIC results did not indicate any clear inhibition of the pathogens tested. The macroalgae tested appear to have a potentially prebiotic effect, rather than a direct antimicrobial activity. However, these results must be confirmed in vivo, in order to observe the real benefits of feeding macroalgae during the rabbit weaning period.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Peanut Sheller Air–Screen Cleaning Device
Authors: Liu Zhixia , Yu Yongqiang , Wang Jing , Kang Zhiwei , He Fengyu , Gao Lianxing
Published: October 2023

To improve its cleaning performance, the peanut sheller’s air–screen cleaning device was used as the research object, and a numerical simulation was carried out. A scheme was proposed to optimize the installation angle of the screen surface of the air–screen cleaning device, and the influence of the airflow velocity of the sieve surface before and after the structural improvement of the machine on the airflow distribution of the whole chamber was evaluated. At the same time, the computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD–DEM) of coupling simulation was used to carry out single-factor simulation tests on the improved air–screen cleaning device, analyze the movement trajectory, velocity, and displacement of the extrudates in the cleaning chamber, characterize the separation law of extrudates, and determine the parameter ranges for each factor. In addition, based on the central composite Box–Behnken design, an orthogonal simulation test was carried out with three factors, including fan speed, amplitude, and vibration frequency, and the influence of each factor on the kernel loss rate and impurity rate was investigated. Furthermore, the influencing factors were optimized, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained; when the fan speed was 1682.72 r/min, the amplitude was 3.74 mm, and the vibration frequency was 492.86 Hz, it was more conducive to the cleaning of kernels. Finally, the accuracy of the simulation and optimization methods was verified via the machine test, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained: at a fan speed of 1680 r/min, an amplitude of 3.7 mm and a vibration frequency of 490 Hz were achieved, and the kernel loss rate and impurity rate were 2.01% and 2.42%, 3.71 and 4.42 percentage points lower than those before optimization, respectively.
Straw Inputs Improve Soil Hydrophobicity and Enhance Organic Carbon Mineralization
Authors: Zhang Bo-Yan , Dou Sen , Guo Dan , Guan Song
Published: October 2023

The mechanism of the influence of soil water repellency (SWR) and agglomeration stability on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization has not been thoroughly studied following different methods of returning straw to the field. The research background in this study was ordinary black soil, and the addition of straw was accomplished via straw mixing (CT), straw mulching (CM), straw deep burying (CD), and straw tripling deep burial (CE). A 120-day long-term incubation test was used to measure the contact angle between water droplets and soil, the particle size distribution of aggregates and their organic carbon (OC) content, organic carbon pool (OCP) content, OC contribution, and soil CO2-C release, the extent of SWR and the direct effect of agglomerates on SOC mineralization were assessed under different straw return methods. The results revealed that the water-droplet–soil contact angle (CA) was much greater and the rate of CA decline was significantly lower in the CD treatment compared to the CT, CM, and CE treatments, the rate of water droplet penetration on the soil surface was slower, and the SWR was improved. The CD treatment significantly increased the content of macroaggregates and their OCP content, and also significantly increased the content of microaggregates’ OC. The CO2-C emission rate and cumulative emissions were enhanced by adding the same amount of straw, with the most significant enhancement in the deep straw treatment. The cumulative CO2-C emission rate and SOC mineralization significantly increased with increases in SWR, macroaggregates content, and microaggregates OC content, but significantly decreased with increases in macroaggregates’ OC content, according to principal component analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis. These results highlight the extent of SWR and the direct effect of agglomerate particle size distribution and OC content on SOC mineralization under different straw return methods. This will help to consolidate soil structural stability and nutrient management to support productivity and SOC sequestration in different agricultural systems.
Gold Nanoclusters Prepared in the Presence of Adenosine Monophosphate and Citrate: Factorial-Based Synthesis Optimization and Sensing Properties
Authors: Karpushkin Evgeny , Mesnyankina Ekaterina , Sergeyev Vladimir
Published: October 2023

Gold nanoclusters are peculiar objects promising in view of qualitative and quantitative determination of various species, including heavy metal ions and biological molecules. We have recently discovered that introducing sodium azide in the reaction mixture during gold nanocluster synthesis in the presence of citrate and adenosine monophosphate can tune the product emission from blue to yellow. Taking advantage of the factorial design of the experiment, we have optimized the synthesis conditions to obtain pure blue and yellow emitters and investigate their sensitivity to a series of inorganic salts. The experiments have revealed selective quenching of the nanocluster’s fluorescence in the presence of mercury(II) ions.
Correlation of Faecal Egg Counts with Clinical Parameters and Agreement between Different Raters Assessing FAMACHA©, BCS and Dag Score in Austrian Dairy Sheep
Authors: Sajovitz Floriana , Adduci Isabella , Yan Shi , Wiedermann Sandra , Tichy Alexander , Joachim Anja , Wittek Thomas , Hinney Barbara , Lichtmannsperger Katharina
Published: October 2023

Gastrointestinal nematodes, most notably trichostrongylids, are known to cause significant losses in sheep production. Previous studies have shown that monitoring parameters (e.g., FAMACHA©, BCS, dag score) change with increasing egg excretion. These parameters are well known and frequently used for targeted selective treatment. Based on the willingness to participate in this study (based on a previous questionnaire distribution among sheep farmers in Austria) we investigated the associations between faecal egg counts and the FAMACHA©, BCS, and dag scores of 1195 dairy ewes. Faecal samples were analysed using the Mini-FLOTAC technique I and larval culture. Three raters assessed the FAMACHA©, BCS, and dag scores in sheep to calculate the inter-rater agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient. The responses to the questionnaire of 23 farms were used for the evaluation, of which 16 farms were visited. Trichostrongylid eggs were detected in 95% of the faecal samples. The BCS was negatively correlated with the eggs per gram of faeces (EpG) (r = −0.156; p < 0.001) and the FAMACHA© score was slightly positively correlated with EpG (r = 0.196; p < 0.001). A small proportion of sheep (25%) shed the majority of eggs (47% to 84%). A moderate to good agreement for the parameters was found between the raters. In conclusion, the clinical parameters showed only weak correlations with faecal egg counts, and we confirmed that a minority of the flock is responsible for the majority of the pasture contamination with trichostrongylid eggs. Clinical raters should be trained before a study to increase the agreement between them.
Is Osteopontin a Good Marker for Bone Metastasis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor and Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Grisoni Sanchez Caroline , Figueiredo Marxa Leão , de Sartori Camargo Laíza , Benevenuto Luiz Guilherme Dercore , Lacerda Zara Alves , Fonseca-Alves Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2023

Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein synthesized by a large number of cells, and its overexpression has been associated with the development and prognosis of cancer. OPN overexpression has been claimed to be a marker for the development of bone metastasis in human cancers, but no prior research has investigated the association between OPN expression and the metastasis of canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs) and prostate cancer (PC). Therefore, we investigated OPN expression in MGTs and PC samples from 50 canine patients with or without metastasis (bone vs. other sites). Higher OPN expression was detected in primary tumor samples from animals with bone metastasis than in those without bone involvement (p = 0.0321). In MGT samples, a significantly lower survival rate was observed in patients with higher OPN expression (p = 0.0171). In animals with PC, there was a strong trend toward lower survival in animals with positive OPN expression; however, this trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.0779). From these findings, it can be concluded that OPN may be a promising target for future MGTs and PC studies because of its role in enhancing cell invasion and metastasis.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Postbiotics Suppress Salmonella Infection via Modulating Bacterial Pathogenicity, Autophagy and Inflammasome in Mice
Authors: Hu Aixin , Huang Wenxia , Shu Xin , Ma Shiyue , Yang Caimei , Zhang Ruiqiang , Xiao Xiao , Wu Yanping
Published: October 2023

Our study aimed to explore the effects of postbiotics on protecting against Salmonella infection in mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Eighty 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were gavaged daily with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP)-derived postbiotics (heat-killed bacteria, LPBinactive; culture supernatant, LPC) or the active bacteria (LPBactive), and gavaged with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST). The Turbidimetry test and agar diffusion assay indicated that LPC directly inhibited Salmonella growth. Real-time PCR and biofilm inhibition assay showed that LPC had a strong ability in suppressing Salmonella pathogenicity by reducing virulence genes (SopE, SopB, InvA, InvF, SipB, HilA, SipA and SopD2), pili genes (FilF, SefA, LpfA, FimF), flagellum genes (FlhD, FliC, FliD) and biofilm formation. LP postbiotics were more effective than LP on attenuating ST-induced intestinal damage in mice, as indicated by increasing villus/crypt ratio and increasing the expression levels of tight junction proteins (Occludin and Claudin-1). Elisa assay showed that LP postbiotics significantly reduced ST-induced inflammation by regulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines (the increased IL-4 and IL-10 and the decreased TNF-α) in serum and ileum (p < 0.05). Furthermore, LP postbiotics inhibited the activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by decreasing the protein expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1, and the gene expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. Meanwhile, both LPC and LPB observably activated autophagy under ST infection, as indicated by the up-regulated expression of LC3 and Beclin1 and the downregulated p62 level (p < 0.05). Finally, we found that LP postbiotics could trigger an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to induce autophagy. In summary, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-derived postbiotics alleviated Salmonella infection via modulating bacterial pathogenicity, autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of postbiotics agents in the control of Salmonella infection.
Effects of Different Generations and Sex on Physiological, Biochemical, and Growth Parameters of Crossbred Beef Cattle by Myostatin Gene-Edited Luxi Bulls and Simmental Cows
Authors: Hai Chao , Bai Chunling , Yang Lei , Wei Zhuying , Wang Hong , Ma Haoran , Ma Haibing , Zhao Yuefang , Su Guanghua , Li Guangpeng
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: Myostatin (MSTN) is a protein that regulates skeletal muscle development and plays a crucial role in maintaining animal body composition and muscle structure. The loss-of-function mutation of MSTN gene can induce the muscle hypertrophic phenotype. (2) Methods: Growth indexes and blood parameters of the cattle of different months were analyzed via multiple linear regression. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the body shape parameters of F2 cattle were improved, especially the body weight, cross height, and hip height, representing significant development of hindquarters, and the coat color of the F2 generation returned to the yellow of Luxi cattle. As adults, MSTN gene-edited bulls have a tall, wide acromion and a deep, wide chest. Both the forequarters and hindquarters are double-muscled with clear muscle masses. The multiple linear regression demonstrates that MSTN gene-edited hybrid beef cattle gained weight due to the higher height of the hindquarters. Significant differences in blood glucose, calcium, and low-density lipoprotein. Serum insulin levels decreased significantly at 24 months of age. MSTN gene editing improves the adaptability of cattle. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that breeding with MSTN gene-edited Luxi bulls can improve the growth and performance of hybrid cattle, with potential benefits for both farmers and consumers.
The Economic Value of Antimicrobial Use in Livestock Production
Authors: Roskam Jamal L. , Oude Lansink Alfons G. J. M. , Saatkamp Helmut W.
Published: October 2023

(1) Introduction: Antimicrobial agents have played an important role in improving the productivity of worldwide livestock production by reducing the impact of livestock diseases. However, a major drawback of antimicrobial use is the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in food-producing animals. To reduce the use of antimicrobials, it is important to know the economic value of the use of antimicrobials and factors that determine that economic value. (2) Results: A theoretical framework was developed to assess the economic value of antimicrobial use. Three situations were distinguished: firstly, a baseline model for a farm with a conventional production system; secondly, an extension of the baseline model that includes the impact of production system improvements; and thirdly, an extension of the baseline model that includes the impacts of risk and risk attitude. This framework shows that the economic value of antimicrobial use is negatively affected by the price of productive inputs and damage-abatement inputs, and positively affected by the output price, the input–output combination, the damage abatement effect, risk aversion and variance in profit. (3) Conclusions: The theoretical framework presented in this study shows that there are several factors that (can) affect the economic value of antimicrobial use. The knowledge about the effect of these factors can be utilized to affect the economic value of antimicrobials and, consequently, affect antimicrobial use.
Inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation by Terpenes from Oregano (Lippia graveolens) Essential Oil
Authors: Tapia-Rodriguez Melvin Roberto , Cantu-Soto Ernesto Uriel , Vazquez-Armenta Francisco Javier , Bernal-Mercado Ariadna Thalia , Ayala-Zavala Jesus Fernando
Published: October 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen known for its ability to form biofilms, leading to persistent infections and antibiotic resistance. The limited effective antibiotics have encouraged the development of innovative strategies such as using essential oils and their constituents. This study evaluated the efficacy of oregano (Lippia graveolens) essential oil (OEO) and its terpene compounds, carvacrol and thymol, in inhibiting A. baumannii biofilms. These treatments showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.6, 0.3, and 2.5 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 1.2, 0.6, and 5 mg/mL, respectively. Sub-inhibitory doses of each treatment and the OEO significantly reduced biofilm biomass and the covered area of A. baumannii biofilms as measured by fluorescence microscopy. Carvacrol at 0.15 mg/mL exhibited the most potent efficacy, achieving a remarkable 95% reduction. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of carvacrol significantly reduced the biofilm formation of A. baumannii in stainless steel surfaces by up to 1.15 log CFU/cm2 compared to untreated bacteria. The OEO and thymol exhibited reductions of 0.6 log CFU/cm2 and 0.4 log CFU/cm2, respectively, without affecting cell viability. Moreover, the terpenes inhibited twitching motility, a crucial step in biofilm establishment, with carvacrol exhibiting the highest inhibition, followed by OEO and thymol. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of terpenes as effective agents against A. baumannii biofilms, offering promising avenues for developing novel strategies to prevent persistent infections and overcome antibiotic resistance.
Temperature-Dependent Functions of the Electron–Neutral Momentum Transfer Collision Cross Sections of Selected Combustion Plasma Species
Authors: Marzouk Osama A.
Published: October 2023

The collision cross sections (CCS), momentum transfer cross sections (MTCS), or scattering cross sections (SCS) of an electron–neutral pair are important components for computing the electric conductivity of a plasma gas. Larger collision cross sections for electrons moving freely within neutral particles (molecules or atoms) cause more scattering of these electrons by the neutral particles, which leads to degraded electron mobility, and thus reduced electric conductivity of the plasma gas that consists of electrons, neutral particles, and ions. The present work aimed to identify the level of disagreement between four different methods for describing how electron–neutral collision cross sections vary when they are treated as a function of electron temperature alone. These four methods are based on data or models previously reported in the literature. The analysis covered six selected gaseous species that are relevant to combustion plasma, which are as follows: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), molecular hydrogen (H2), water vapor (H2O), potassium vapor (K), and molecular oxygen (O2). The temperature dependence of the collision cross sections for these species was investigated in the range from 2000 K to 3000 K, which is suitable for both conventional air–fuel combustion and elevated-temperature oxygen–fuel (oxy-fuel) combustion. The findings of the present study suggest that linear functions are enough to describe the variations in the collision cross sections of the considered species in the temperature range of interest for combustion plasma. Also, the values of the coefficient of variation (defined as the sample standard deviation divided by the mean) in the collision cross sections using the four methods were approximately 27% for CO, 42% for CO2, 13% for H2, 39% for H2O, 44% for K, and 19% for O2. The information provided herein can assist in simulating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generators using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for combustion plasma flows.