bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Stable Is Stable? Function versus Community Composition
Authors: Fernández Ana , Huang Suiying , Seston Sherry , Xing Jian , Hickey Robert , Criddle Craig , Tiedje James
Published: December 2019

The microbial community dynamics of a functionally stable, well-mixed, methanogenic reactor fed with glucose were analyzed over a 605-day period. The reactor maintained constant pH and chemical oxygen demand removal during this period. Thirty-six
rrn
clones from each of seven sampling events were analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) for the
Bacteria
and
Archaea
domains and by sequence analysis of dominant members of the community. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs), distinguished as unique ARDRA patterns, showed reproducible distribution for three sample replicates. The highest diversity was observed in the
Bacteria
domain. The 16S ribosomal DNA
Bacteria
clone library contained 75 OTUs, with the dominant OTU accounting for 13% of the total clones, but just 21
Archaea
OTUs were found, and the most prominent OTU represented 50% of the clones from the respective library. Succession in methanogenic populations was observed, and two periods were distinguished: in the first,
Methanobacterium formicicum
was dominant, and in the second,
Methanosarcina mazei
and a
Methanobacterium bryantii
-related organism were dominant. Higher variability in
Bacteria
populations was detected, and the temporal OTU distribution suggested a chaotic pattern. Although dominant OTUs were constantly replaced from one sampling point to the next, phylogenetic analysis indicated that inferred physiologic changes in the community were not as dramatic as were genetic changes. Seven of eight dominant OTUs during the first period clustered with the spirochete group, although a cyclic pattern of substitution occurred among members within this order. A more flexible community structure characterized the second period, since a sequential replacement of a
Eubacterium
-related organism by an unrelated deep-branched organism and finally by a
Propionibacterium
-like species was observed. Metabolic differences among the dominant fermenters detected suggest that changes in carbon and electron flow occurred during the stable performance and indicate that an extremely dynamic community can maintain a stable ecosystem function.
Inactivation ofMXR1Abolishes Formation of Dimethyl Sulfide from Dimethyl Sulfoxide inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hansen Jørgen
Published: December 2019

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a sulfur compound of importance for the organoleptic properties of beer, especially some lager beers. Synthesis of DMS during beer production occurs partly during wort production and partly during fermentation. Methionine sulfoxide reductases are the enzymes responsible for reduction of oxidized cellular methionines. These enzymes have been suggested to be able to reduce dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well, with DMS as the product. A gene for an enzymatic activity leading to methionine sulfoxide reduction inSaccharomycesyeast was recently identified. We confirmed that theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeopen reading frame YER042w appears to encode a methionine sulfoxide reductase, and propose the nameMXR1for the gene. We found that Mxr1p catalyzes reduction of DMSO to DMS and that anmxr1disruption mutant cannot reduce DMSO to DMS. Mutant strains appear to have unchanged fitness under several laboratory conditions, and in this paper I hypothesize that disruption ofMXR1in brewing yeasts would neutralize the contribution of the yeast to the DMS content in beer.
High Bacterial Diversity in Permanently Cold Marine Sediments
Authors: Ravenschlag Katrin , Sahm Kerstin , Pernthaler Jakob , Amann Rudolf
Published: December 2019

A 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone library from permanently cold marine sediments was established. Screening 353 clones by dot blot hybridization with group-specific oligonucleotide probes suggested a predominance of sequences related to bacteria of the sulfur cycle (43.4% potential sulfate reducers). Within this fraction, the major cluster (19.0%) was affiliated with
Desulfotalea
sp. and other closely related psychrophilic sulfate reducers isolated from the same habitat. The cloned sequences showed between 93 and 100% similarity to these bacteria. Two additional groups were frequently encountered: 13% of the clones were related to
Desulfuromonas palmitatis
, and a second group was affiliated with
Myxobacteria
spp. and
Bdellovibrio
spp. Many clones (18.1%) belonged to the γ subclass of the class
Proteobacteria
and were closest to symbiotic or free-living sulfur oxidizers. Probe target groups were further characterized by amplified rDNA restriction analysis to determine diversity within the groups and within the clone library. Rarefaction analysis suggested that the total diversity assessed by 16S rDNA analysis was very high in these permanently cold sediments and was only partially revealed by screening of 353 clones.
Comparison of Bacterial Community Structures in the Rhizoplane of Tomato Plants Grown in Soils Suppressive and Conducive towards Bacterial Wilt
Authors: Shiomi Yoshitaka , Nishiyama Masaya , Onizuka Tomoko , Marumoto Takuya
Published: December 2019

It has been reported that the growth of
Ralstonia solanacearum
is suppressed at the rhizoplane of tomato plants and that tomato bacterial wilt is suppressed in plants grown in a soil (Mutsumi) in Japan. To evaluate the biological factors contributing to the suppressiveness of the soil in three treated Mutsumi soils (chloroform fumigated soil; autoclaved soil mixed with intact Mutsumi soil; and autoclaved soil mixed with intact, wilt-conducive Yamadai soil) infested with
R. solanacearum
, we bioassayed soil samples for tomato bacterial wilt. Chloroform fumigation increased the extent of wilt disease. More of the tomato plant samples wilted when mixed with Yamadai soil than when mixed with Mutsumi soil. Consequently, the results indicate that the naturally existing population of microorganisms in Mutsumi soil was significantly able to reduce the severity of bacterial wilt of tomato plants. To characterize the types of bacteria present at the rhizoplane, we isolated rhizoplane bacteria and classified them into 22 groups by comparing their 16S restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. In Yamadai soil a single group of bacteria was extremely predominant (73.1%), whereas in Mutsumi soil the distribution of the bacterial groups was much more even. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis of strains of dominant groups suggested that gram-negative bacteria close to the β-proteobacteria were most common at the rhizoplane of the tomato plants. During in vitro assays, rhizoplane bacteria in Mutsumi soil grew more vigorously on pectin, one of the main root exudates of tomato, compared with those in Yamadai soil. Our results imply that it is difficult for the pathogen to dominate in a diversified rhizobacterial community that thrives on pectin.
Identification of Some of the Major Groups of Bacteria in Efficient and Nonefficient Biological Phosphorus Removal Activated Sludge Systems
Authors: Bond Philip L. , Erhart Robert , Wagner Michael , Keller Jürg , Blackall Linda L.
Published: December 2019

To investigate the bacteria that are important to phosphorus (P) removal in activated sludge, microbial populations were analyzed during the operation of a laboratory-scale reactor with various P removal performances. The bacterial population structure, analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotides probes complementary to regions of the 16S and 23S rRNAs, was associated with the P removal performance of the reactor. At one stage of the reactor operation, chemical characterization revealed that extremely poor P removal was occurring. However, like in typical P-removing sludges, complete anaerobic uptake of the carbon substrate occurred. Bacteria inhibiting P removal overwhelmed the reactor, and according to FISH, bacteria of the β subclass of the class
Proteobacteria
other than β-1 or β-2 were dominant in the sludge (58% of the population). Changes made to the operation of the reactor led to the development of a biomass population with an extremely good P removal capacity. The biochemical transformations observed in this sludge were characteristic of typical P-removing activated sludge. The microbial population analysis of the P-removing sludge indicated that bacteria of the β-2 subclass of the class
Proteobacteria
and actinobacteria were dominant (55 and 35%, respectively), therefore implicating bacteria from these groups in high-performance P removal. The changes in operation that led to the improved performance of the reactor included allowing the pH to rise during the anaerobic period, which promoted anaerobic phosphate release and possibly caused selection against non-phosphate-removing bacteria.
Identification of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria with Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing the Nitrite Oxidoreductase
Authors: Bartosch Sabine , Wolgast Iris , Spieck Eva , Bock Eberhard
Published: December 2019

Immunoblot analyses performed with three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognized the nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) of the genus
Nitrobacter
were used for taxonomic investigations of nitrite oxidizers. We found that these MAbs were able to detect the nitrite-oxidizing systems (NOS) of the genera
Nitrospira
,
Nitrococcus
, and
Nitrospina
. The MAb designated Hyb 153-2, which recognized the α subunit of the NOR (α-NOR), was specific for species belonging to the genus
Nitrobacter
. In contrast, Hyb 153-3, which recognized the β-NOR, reacted with nitrite oxidizers of the four genera. Hyb 153-1, which also recognized the β-NOR, bound to members of the genera
Nitrobacter
and
Nitrococcus
. The molecular masses of the β-NOR of the genus
Nitrobacter
and the β subunit of the NOS (β-NOS) of the genus
Nitrococcus
were identical (65 kDa). In contrast, the molecular masses of the β-NOS of the genera
Nitrospina
and
Nitrospira
were different (48 and 46 kDa). When the genus-specific reactions of the MAbs were correlated with 16S rRNA sequences, they reflected the phylogenetic relationships among the nitrite oxidizers. The specific reactions of the MAbs allowed us to classify novel isolates and nitrite oxidizers in enrichment cultures at the genus level. In ecological studies the immunoblot analyses demonstrated that
Nitrobacter
or
Nitrospira
cells could be enriched from activated sludge by using various substrate concentrations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and electron microscopic analyses confirmed these results. Permeated cells of pure cultures of members of the four genera were suitable for immunofluorescence labeling; these cells exhibited fluorescence signals that were consistent with the location of the NOS.
Isolation, Nucleotide Sequence, and Physiological Relevance of the Gene Encoding Triose Phosphate Isomerase from
Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Compagno Concetta , Boschi Francesco , Daleffe Agnese , Porro Danilo , Ranzi Bianca Maria
Published: December 2019

Lack of triose phosphate isomerase activity (TIM) is of special interest because this enzyme works at an important branch point of glycolytic flux. In this paper, we report the cloning and sequencing of the
Kluyveromyces lactis
gene encoding TIM. Unlike
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ΔTPI1
mutants, the
K. lactis
mutant strain was found to be able to grow on glucose. Preliminary bioconversion experiments indicated that, like the
S. cerevisiae
TIM-deficient strain, the
K. lactis
TIM-deficient strain is able to produce glycerol with high yield.
Genus- and Species-Specific PCR-Based Detection of Dairy Propionibacteria in Environmental Samples by Using Primers Targeted to the Genes Encoding 16S rRNA
Authors: Rossi Franca , Torriani Sandra , Dellaglio Franco
Published: December 2019

PCR assays with primers targeted to the genes encoding 16S rRNA were developed for detection of dairy propionibacteria.
Propionibacterium thoenii
specific oligonucleotide PT3 was selected after partial resequencing. Tests allowed the detection of less than 10 cells per reaction from milk and cheese and 10
2
cells per reaction from forage and soil.
Characterization of Two
Bacillus
Probiotics
Authors: Green David H. , Wakeley Phil R. , Page Anthony , Barnes Andrew , Baccigalupi Loredana , Ricca Ezio , Cutting Simon M.
Published: December 2019

Bacillus subtilis
is currently used as an oral probiotic. We examined two commercial
B. subtilis
probiotic preparations, Enterogermina and Biosubtyl. Surprisingly, physiological and genetic characterization of the bacteria contained in each of these preparations has shown that neither contains
B. subtilis
.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings Are Poor Predictors of Appropriate FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel Utilization in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Precit Mimi R. , Yee Rebecca , Pandey Utsav , Fahit Margil , Pool Cheryl , Naccache Samia N. , Dien Bard Jennifer
Published: December 2019

Molecular testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using the BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (FA-M/E) panel permits rapid, simultaneous pathogen detection. Due to the broad spectrum of targeted organisms, FA-M/E testing may be restricted to patients with abnormal CSF findings. We sought to determine if restriction is appropriate in our previously healthy and/or immunocompromised pediatric patients.
Birth month, birth season, and overall and cardiovascular disease mortality in US women: prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yin , Devore Elizabeth E , Strohmaier Susanne , Grodstein Francine , Schernhammer Eva S
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the associations between birth month, birth season, and overall and cardiovascular disease mortality, and to examine the role of familial and socioeconomic factors in these associations.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Nurses’ Health Study, established in 1976, an ongoing prospective cohort study in the United States.

Participants

Female registered nurses who reported information on date of birth at study enrolment (n=116 911, 1976-2014, followed for 38 years).

Exposure

Birth month and astronomical birth season (based on solstices and equinoxes as boundaries of the season categories).

Main outcome measures

Age and various multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between birth months (using November as the reference), astronomical birth season (using autumn as the reference), and overall and cardiovascular disease specific mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Among study participants, 43 248 overall deaths were documented during 4 136 364 person years of follow-up since enrolment, including 8360 cardiovascular disease related deaths. In fully adjusted multivariable analyses, no significant association was observed between birth month, birth season, and overall mortality. Compared with women born in November, increased cardiovascular disease mortality was observed among those born from March to July (hazard ratio for March, 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.21; April, 1.12, 1.00 to 1.24; May, 1.08, 0.98 to 1.20; June, 1.07, 0.96 to 1.19; and July 1.08, 0.98 to 1.20). Those born in April had the highest cardiovascular disease mortality, and those born in December had the lowest (December, 0.95, 0.85 to 1.06). The relative difference between the lowest and highest risk month was 17.89%. Women born in spring (1.10, 1.04 to 1.17) and summer (1.09, 1.03 to 1.16) had a higher cardiovascular disease mortality than women born in the autumn. Adjustment for familial and socioeconomic factors did not change these results. The relative difference between the lowest and highest risk season was 10.00%.

Conclusion

Participants born in the spring and summer (especially those born in March-July) had a slight but significant increase in cardiovascular disease specific mortality. However, no seasonal birth month effect was observed among women for overall mortality. Familial and socioeconomic factors did not appear to alter these associations. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and reveal mechanisms of these seasonal birth month effects in cardiovascular disease mortality.
The impact of a nurse mentoring program on the quality of labour and delivery care at primary health care facilities in Bihar, India
Authors: Ahmed Saifuddin , Srivastava Swati , Warren Nicole , Mayra Kaveri , Misra Madhavi , Mahapatra Tanmay , Rao K D
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Although the number of women who deliver with a skilled birth attendant in India has almost doubled between 2006 and 2016, the country still has the second highest number of maternal deaths and the highest number of neonatal deaths globally. This study examines the impact of a nurse mentoring programme intended to improve the quality of intrapartum care at primary healthcare centre (PHC) facilities in Bihar, India.

Method

We conducted an evaluation study in 319 public PHCs in Bihar, where nurses participated in a mentoring programme. Using a quasi-experimental trial design, we compared the intrapartum quality of care between the mentored (n=179) and non-mentored PHCs (n=80). Based on direct observation of 847 women, we examined percent differences in 39 labour, delivery and postpartum care-related recommended tasks on five domains: vital sign and labour progress monitoring after admission, second and third stages of labour management, postpartum counselling, infection prevention and essential newborn care practices.

Results

A significantly higher proportion of women at mentored PHCs received the recommended clinical care, compared with women at non-mentored PHCs. The overall total score of quality of care, expressed in percent of tasks performed, was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.3 to 32.2) in the control PHCs, suggesting that less than one-third of the expected tasks during labour and delivery were performed by nurses in these facilities; the score was 44.2% (95% CI: 42.1 to 46.4) among the facilities where the nurses were trained within last 3 months. The task completion score was slightly attenuated when observed 1 year after mentoring (score 39.1% [37.7–40.5]).

Conclusion

Mentoring improved intrapartum care by nurses at PHCs in Bihar. However, less than half of the recommended normal delivery intrapartum tasks were completed by the nurse providers. This suggests the need for further improvement in the provision of quality of intrapartum care when risks to maternal and perinatal mortality are highest.
EFFICHRONIC study protocol: a non-controlled, multicentre European prospective study to measure the efficiency of a chronic disease self-management programme in socioeconomically vulnerable populations
Authors: Boone An L D , Pisano-Gonzalez Marta M , Valsecchi Verushka , Tan Siok Swan , Pers Yves-Marie , Vazquez-Alvarez Raquel , Peñacoba-Maestre Delia , Baker Graham , Pilotto Alberto , Zora Sabrina , Raat Hein , Hevia-Fernandez Jose Ramón
Published: December 2019

Introduction

More than 70% of world mortality is due to chronic conditions. Furthermore, it has been proven that social determinants have an enormous impact on both health-related behaviour and on the received attention from healthcare services. These determinants cause health inequalities. The objective of this study is to reduce the burden of chronic diseases in five European regions, hereby focusing on vulnerable populations, and to increase the sustainability of health systems by implementing a chronic disease self-management programme (CDSMP).

Methods and analysis

2000 people with chronic conditions or informal caregivers belonging to vulnerable populations, will be enrolled in the CDSMP in Spain, Italy, the UK, France and the Netherlands. Inclusion of patients will be based on geographical, socioeconomic and clinical stratification processes. The programme will be evaluated in terms of self-efficacy, quality of life and cost-effectiveness using a combination of validated questionnaires at baseline and 6 months from baseline.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will follow the directives of the Helsinki Declaration and will adhere to the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. The project’s activities, progress and outcomes will be disseminated via promotional materials, the use of mass media, online activities, presentations at events and scientific publications.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN70517103; Pre-results.
Managing student workload in clinical simulation: a mindfulness-based intervention
Authors: Pollard Cheryl , McKendrick-Calder Lisa Anne , Shumka Christine , McDonald Mandy , Carlson Susan
Published: December 2019

Background

Simulation places multiple simultaneous demands on participants. It is well documented in the literature that many participants feel performance stress, anxiety or other emotions while participating in simulation activities. These feelings and other stressors or distractions may impact participant ability to engage in simulation. The use of mindfulness has been proven to enhance performance in other contexts and we wondered if including a mindful moments activity in the traditional prebrief would change the participants perceived workload demands.

Method

Using a fourth-year undergraduate nursing course with an intense simulation requirement we were able to compare a control group to an intervention group who was exposed to this mindful moment activity. All participants completed the same simulations. Postsimulation event, all participants completed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Learning Index which measures mental demands, physical demands, temporal demands, effort, performance and frustration. Our convenience sample consisted of 107 nursing students (86 treatment group, 21 control group) who participated in 411 simulations for this study.

Results

The control group experienced significantly different perceived workload demands in two domains (temporal and effort).

Conclusion

It is possible to manipulate participants’ perceived workload in simulation learning experiences. More research is needed to determine optimal participant demand levels. We continue in our practices to use this technique and are currently expanding it to use in other high stress situations such as before examinations.
Sex differences of resource utilisation and outcomes in patients with atrial arrhythmias and heart failure
Authors: Ueberham Laura , König Sebastian , Hohenstein Sven , Mueller-Roething Rene , Wiedemann Michael , Schade Anja , Seyfarth Melchior , Sause Armin , Neuser Hans , Staudt Alexander , Zacharzowsky Udo , Reithmann Christopher , Shin Dong-In , Andrie Rene , Wetzel Ulrike , Tebbenjohanns Jürgen , Wunderlich Carsten , Kuhlen Ralf , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas
Published: December 2019

Objective

Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) and heart failure (HF) often go hand in hand and, in combination, lead to an increased risk of death compared with patients with just one of both entities. Sex-specific differences in patients with AF and HF are under-reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate sex-specific catheter ablation (CA) use and acute in-hospital outcomes in patients with AF and concomitant HF in a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and Operations and Procedures codes, administrative data of 75 hospitals from 2010 to 2018 were analysed to identify cases with AF and HF. Sex differences were compared for baseline characteristics, right and left atrial CA use, procedure-related adverse outcomes and in-hospital mortality.

Results

Of 54 645 analysed cases with AF and HF, 46.2% were women. Women were significantly older (75.4±9.5 vs 68.7±11.1 years, p<0.001), had different comorbidities (more frequently: cerebrovascular disease (2.4% vs 1.8%, p<0.001), dementia (5.3% vs 2.2%, p<0.001), rheumatic disease (2.1% vs 0.8%, p<0.001), diabetes with chronic complications (9.7% vs 9.1%, p=0.033), hemiplegia or paraplegia (1.7% vs 1.2%, p<0.001) and chronic kidney disease (43.7% vs 33.5%, p<0.001); less frequently: myocardial infarction (5.4% vs 10.5%, p<0.001), peripheral vascular disease (6.9% vs 11.3%, p<0.001), mild liver disease (2.0% vs 2.3%, p=0.003) or any malignancy (1.0% vs 1.3%, p<0.001), underwent less often CA (12.0% vs 20.7%, p<0.001), had longer hospitalisations (6.6±5.8 vs 5.2±5.2 days, p<0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (1.6% vs 0.9%, p<0.001). However, in the multivariable generalised linear mixed model for in-hospital mortality, sex did not remain an independent predictor (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.12, p=0.579) when adjusted for age and comorbidities. Vascular access complications requiring interventions (4.8% vs 4.2%, p=0.001) and cardiac tamponade (0.3% vs 0.1%, p<0.001) occurred more frequently in women, whereas stroke (0.6% vs 0.5%, p=0.179) and death (0.3% vs 0.1%, p=0.101) showed no sex difference in patients undergoing CA.

Conclusions

There are sex differences in patients with AF and HF with respect to demographics, resource utilisation and in-hospital outcomes. This needs to be considered when treating women with AF and HF, especially for a sufficient patient informed decision making in clinical practice.
Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Dong Yi , Guo Zhen-Ni , Li Qi , Ni Wei , Gu Hongqiu , Gu Yu-Xiang , Dong Qiang
Published: December 2019

Aim

Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured cerebral aneurysm is a severe subtype of haemorrhagic stroke. Although the incidence of SAH is relatively low among all cerebrovascular diseases, the mortality is the highest. The critical management of SAH is challenging. We provide this evidence-based guideline to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-trauma SAH.

Methods

A formal literature search of MEDLINE (1 January 1990–30 June 2019) was performed. Data were synthesised with the use of evidence tables. Writing group members met by teleconference to discuss data-derived recommendations. The Chinese Stroke Association’s levels of evidence grading algorithm was used to grade each recommendation. The guideline draft was reviewed by Chinese Stroke Association’s Stroke Fellow Committees. It is intended that this guideline be fully updated every 3 years.

Results

Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with non-trauma SAH. The focus of the guideline was subdivided into transfer and systems of care, diagnosis flowchart, aetiology and differentiation, prevention of rebleeding, surgical and endovascular repair of ruptured aneurysms, management of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia, management of hydrocephalus, management of seizures and management of medical complications.

Conclusions

The guideline offers a framework for SAH management. Early professional and aggressive care of SAH might help dramatically.
Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of computed tomography measurements of the soft palate in French bulldogs
Authors: Deprez Pauline , Irubetagoyena Iban , Grand Jean‐Guillaume , Harran Nathaniel
Published: December 2019

Background

CT imaging has been used to document the soft palate dimensions in brachycephalic dogs but reliability of such measurements has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to propose a method of measurements of the soft palate in French bulldogs and determine its reliability.

Methods

Thirty French bulldogs were prospectively included. Five measurements of the soft palate were performed on soft tissue and bone window mid‐sagittal images: length, thickness at 25, 50 and 75 per cent of its length and sagittal plane cross‐sectional area. Three sets of data were separately acquired by three observers. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for all measurements was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

The median ICCs showed excellent reliability (0.90 to 0.99) for all intraobserver measurements except for thickness at 75 per cent which showed good (0.80 to 0.89) to excellent reliability. The median ICC showed excellent reliability for all interobserver measurements.

Conclusion

The soft palate measurements on a single CT image are reproducible and repeatable. Further study is needed to assess the reliability of these measurements in the same patient with different endotracheal tube positions.
Comparison of coupling constant by using momentum spectra and event shape variables in different interactions
Authors: Saleh-Moghaddam R. , Zomorrodian M.E.
Published: December 2019

We describe in this paper the quantum chromodynamics prediction to calculate the strong coupling constant by using event shape variables as well as momentum spectra. By fitting the dispersive model and employing our parameters on event shape distribution, we obtain the perturbative value of [Formula: see text] = 0.1305 ± 0.0474 and also the non-perturbative value of α0 = 0.5246 ± 0.0516 GeV for electron–proton interactions. Next, by using momentum spectra for the same interactions, we obtain αs = 0.1572 ± 0.029. Our values in both methods are consistent with those obtained from electron–positron annihilations measured previously. When we find coupling constant for different flavours, we observe that they do not affect our results considerably. This is in accordance with quantum chromodynamics theory. All these features will be explained in the main text.
Synthesis of metal-free tetraazaisobacteriochlorin and via template condensation of phthalogenes
Authors: Dudkin Semyon V. , Kawata Takahiro , Belova Svetlana A. , Okada Yusuke , Kobayashi Nagao
Published: December 2019

The indium(III) complexes of (4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-substituted tetraazaisobacteriochlorin (TAiBC) and tetraazachlorin (TAC) were synthesized by direct template condensation of bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)fumaronitrile and tetramethylsuccinonitrile using indium(III) ion as a matrix. The corresponding metal-free tetraazaisobacteriochlorin and tetraazachlorin were obtained by demetallation of their indium(III) complexes. These metal-free complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, mass-spectrometry, 1H and [Formula: see text]C{1H}NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis and MCD spectroscopy as well as DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Due to the low symmetry of the molecules, the NMR data were complex, but could be assigned by collecting 1D- and 2D NMR data and comparing with the results of quantum chemical calculations. From the position of the pyrrole proton signal (6.78 ppm), it was found that the diatropic current of TAiBC is much weaker than that of TAC, and plausibly the weakest among porphyrinoids so far reported. Absorption and MCD spectra were reasonably interpreted using the calculated absorption spectra.
X-Ray structures, Mössbauer hyperfine parameters, and molecular orbital descriptions of the phthalocyaninato iron(II) azole complexes
Authors: Nevonen Dustin E. , Ferch Laura S. , Chernii Victor Y. , Herbert David E. , van Lierop Johan , Nemykin Victor N.
Published: December 2019

The electronic structures of a set of PcFe(azole)2 complexes (azole = imidazole, [Formula: see text]-methylimidazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, thiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4,-triazole, and 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole) were examined by Mössbauer spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, the geometric distortions in these compounds were elucidated by X-ray crystallography for imidazole, pyrazole, and thiazole-containing compounds. Predicted by DFT calculations, Mössbauer hyperfine parameters for all compounds are in reasonable agreement with experimental results, and the influence of the [Formula: see text]-donor and [Formula: see text]-acceptor properties of the axial azoles on the electronic structure of the PcFe(azole)2 complexes is demonstrated by comparison with the reference PcFePy2 compound.
Geomorphology and event-stratigraphy of recent mass-movement processes in Lake Hallstatt (UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Landscape, Austria)
Authors: Strasser Michael , Berberich T. , Fabbri S. , Hilbe M. , Huang J-J. S. , Lauterbach S. , Ortler M. , Rechschreiter H. , Brauer A. , Anselmetti F. , Kowarik K.
Published: December 2019

We report the first-ever basin-wide geomorphological characterization of a high-resolution bathymetry map in a steeply incised valley-occupying intra-mountainous lake in the Eastern Alps. The resulting new geomorphological map of Lake Hallstatt is then combined with high-resolution reflection seismic and sedimentary core analyses to document, characterize and date recent (<200 years) subaquatic landslides. The area is located in the UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Landscape of the Hallstatt–Dachstein area, famous for its well-documented medieval and prehistoric human settlement history. This allows us to calibrate observed mass-transport deposits (MTDs) in the high-resolution sedimentary archive (sedimentation rates
c.
0.5 cm a
−1
) of this deep lake dominated by clastic sedimentation.

The hydro-acoustic data document a multitude of different MTDs linked to rock falls, subaqueous slope failures and shore collapses. Sediment cores document laminated background sediments intercalated with distinct event deposits that can be linked to historically documented major flood events and moderately strong earthquakes. Our study suggests that the larger MTDs result from earthquake-triggered subaquatic delta slope instabilities and that the deeper subsurface provides evidence of even larger mass-movement processes, yet to be validated by longer cores. Thus, Lake Hallstatt is a potential natural laboratory for studying causes and consequences of subaquatic landslides in steeply incised intra-mountainous lakes and comparable fjord settings.
Nutraceutical Potential of Five Mexican Brown Seaweeds
Authors: Múzquiz de la Garza Ana Rocío , Tapia-Salazar Mireya , Maldonado-Muñiz Maribel , de la Rosa-Millán Julián , Gutiérrez-Uribe Janet Alejandra , Santos-Zea Liliana , Barba-Dávila Bertha Alicia , Ricque-Marie Denis , Cruz-Suárez Lucía Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

In search of pharmaceutically active products to control type 2 diabetes, five brown seaweeds (Silvetia compressa, Cystoseira osmundacea, Ecklonia arborea, Pterygophora californica, and Egregia menziesii) from the Northwest Mexican Pacific coast were investigated. Proximate composition and total polyphenol content (TPC) as phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE) were determined for the five seaweed powders and their respective hydroethanolic (1 : 1) extracts. Extracts were screened for their radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ORAC) and glycosidase inhibitory activity. HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS-TOF, and ATR-FT-IR methodologies were used to identify the most abundant phlorotannins and sulfated polysaccharides in the extracts. Hydroethanolic extracts contained minerals (17 to 59% of the dry matter), proteins (4 to 9%), ethanol-insoluble polysaccharides (5.4 to 53%), nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (24.4 to 70.1%), lipids (5 to 12%), and TPC (2.6 to 47.7 g PGE per 100 g dry extract). S. compressa and E. arborea dry extracts presented the lowest ash content (26 and 17%, respectively) and had some of the highest phenolic (47.7 and 15.2 g PGE per 100 g extract), NFE (57.3 and 70.1%), and soluble polysaccharide (19.7 and 53%) contents. S. compressa and E. arborea extracts had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 DPPH 1.7 and 3.7 mg mL−1; ORAC 0.817 and 0.801 mmol Trolox equivalent/g extract) and the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacities (IC50 940 and 1152 μg mL−1 against α-amylase and 194 and 647 μg mL−1 against α-glucosidase). The most abundant phlorotannins identified in the extracts were phloretol, fucophloroethol, and two- and three-phloroglucinol unit (PGU) phlorotannins. Laminarin, fucoidan, and alginate were among the sulfated polysaccharides identified in the extracts. The bioactivities of S. compressa and E. arborea extracts were mainly related with their contents of three PGU phlorotannins and sulfated polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan, laminarin, and alginate). These results suggest S. compressa and E. arborea are potential candidates for food products and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical preparations, and as additives for diabetes management.
Investigations of Nonlinear Triopoly Models with Different Mechanisms
Authors: Askar S. S. , Al-khedhairi A.
Published: December 2019

This paper studies the dynamic characteristics of triopoly models that are constructed based on a 3‐dimensional Cobb–Douglas utility function. The paper presents two parts. The first part introduces a competition among three rational firms on which their prices are isoelastic functions. The competition is described by a 3‐dimensional discrete dynamical system. We examine the impact of rationality on the system’s steady state point. Studying the stability/instability of this point, which is Nash equilibrium and is unique in those models, is illustrated. Numerically, we give some global analysis of Nash point and its stability. The second part deals with heterogeneous scenarios. It consists of two different models. In the first model, we assume that one competitor adopts the local monopolistic approximation mechanism (LMA) while the other opponents are rational. The second model assumes two heterogeneous players with LMA mechanism against one rational firm. Studies show that the stability of NE point of those models is not guaranteed. Furthermore, simulation shows that when firms behave rational with symmetric costs, the stability of NE point is achievable.
Properties of Degraded Waste PET‐Modified Styrene‐Acrylic Emulsions for Cement Slurry Materials
Authors: Dou Jinxi , Zhang Guijin , Li Sufang , Tian Chengyu , Ji Cunlu , Zhang Cong
Published: December 2019

The properties of a modified cement slurry based on degraded waste PET‐modified styrene‐acrylic emulsions are studied. The effects of the modified styrene‐acrylic emulsion on water consumption, setting time, retarding effect, water retention, impermeability, and mechanical properties of the cement slurry are comprehensively studied. The results show that the modified styrene‐acrylic emulsion has the following impacts on the cement slurry: it significantly reduces the water consumption required to reach a standard consistency, slows down the initial and final setting times, and greatly improves the water retention rate and water reduction rate. When the content of modified styrene‐acrylic emulsion is 7.5%, the water reduction rate is 36% and the water retention rate is 97%. The solidified cement slurry with a modified styrene‐acrylic emulsion content less than 7.5% has lower permeability and higher flexural strength than a common cement slurry. The compressive strength is reduced but can still reach required values. According to SEM observations, the modified styrene‐acrylic emulsion can enhance the bonding strength between the cement particles, reduce the porosity of the structure, and improve the performance of cement‐based composites.
Evaluation of Cancer Patient Satisfaction: A Transversal Study in Radiotherapy Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
Authors: EL Marnissi Boujemaa , Abbass Fouad , Charaka Hafida , Mouhoute Nawal , Tritha Abdelaziz , Bouhafa Touria , Hassouni Khalid
Published: December 2019

Patient satisfaction is an important quality outcome indicator of health care in the hospital setting. Patients are nowadays care-partners with caregivers. This relation is practically important for patients presenting chronic diseases, especially cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate cancer patient satisfaction, treated at the Department of Radiotherapy in Hassan II University Hospital, and to study the different components of this satisfaction. A prospective transversal study was conducted between December 2016 and January 2017. Data was collected by three investigators based on structured interviews, a validated, anonymous and a standardized questionnaire. During this period, we have included 230 patients: 159 women (69.1%), 71 men (30.9%) and the sex ratio (women/men) was 2.23. Half of the investigated patients have never been schooled (52.61%). The majority had urban origin (71.3%) and 90% of patients declared being satisfied with the care at Radiotherapy department. 93.48% of cases recommended Radiotherapy department to other patients and 95.65% will want to continue their treatment at this department. Reception conditions were judged as favorable in 92.14%. Satisfaction rates regarding the availability of medical and paramedics, health-care workers were 86.52% and 83.9%, respectively. The quality of medical and paramedical care was judged as excellent or good in 78% cases. However, 44.34% of patients complained about the complexity of administrative formalities. 60.87% of cases judged that the waiting time was too long, whereas 31.4% of patients claimed that care-quality of their pain was insufficient or bad. The majority of patients declared being very satisfied or at least satisfied with different care services. For items that were judged as less satisfactory, some recommendations will be taken especially at the level of pain’s and palliative care as well as the organization of patients’ circuit inside the department. The satisfaction’s variations can be attributed to personally patients factors as well as systemic ones at the level of the hospital. Assessing and understanding these factors are essential in developing appropriate measures to improve patient satisfaction.
Association of Menstrual Extension and Surgery Effectiveness with Ultrasound Parameters of Cesarean Section Scar Diverticulum in Patients Undergoing Transvaginal Uterine Diverticulum Repair
Authors: Yang Qing , Ren Min , Lv Xiaoli , Chen Fenghua
Published: December 2019

The association of residual myometrium thickness (RMT) and scar defect depth (D) with menstrual abnormalities and the effectiveness of vaginal repair remain to be determined in patients with cesarean section scar diverticulum (CSD). To assess the value of ultrasound to predict vaginal repair effectiveness. This was a retrospective study of patients with CSD treated with vaginal repair between 01/2014 and 02/2016 at Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (Tongji University). Transvaginal ultrasound was performed before and 3 months after surgical repair. RMT, D, scar defect length (L), and scar defect width (W) were measured. Width (W), D, and L increased along the duration of menstrual period (P<0.05). When the menstrual extension time was ≥15 days, RMT/D and RMT/RMT+D were smaller than in patients with period <15 days (P<0.05). L was the most positively correlated ultrasonic parameter with menstrual prolongation (r=0.492). RMT/D and RMT/RMT+D were negatively correlated with prolonged menstruation (r=‐0.304 and -0.305, respectively). RMT/D and RMT/RMT+D were associated with the disappearance of CSD after vaginal repair (P<0.05). The cutoff value of RMT/RMT+D was 0.496, with sensitivity of 53.0% and specificity of 61.4%. L of CSD is closely correlated with menstrual extension but has no relationship with the effectiveness of surgery. RMT/RMT+D is correlated with menstrual extension time ≥15 days and the effectiveness of vaginal repair.
Effect of Shot Peening on the Mechanical Properties and Cytotoxicity Behaviour of Titanium Implants Produced by 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Żebrowski Remigiusz , Walczak Mariusz , Korga Agnieszka , Iwan Magdalena , Szala Mirosław
Published: December 2019

Structural discontinuities characterize the implants produced directly from metal powders in 3D printing technology. Mainly, the surface defects should be subjected to procedures associated with surface layer modification (likewise shot peening) resulting in the increase of the implant service life maintaining optimal biocompatibility. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of type of shot used for the peening process on the Ti-6Al-4V implants functional properties as well as the biological properties. The components were produced by DMLS (direct metal laser sintering) additive technology. The surfaces of titanium specimens have been subjected to the shot peening process by means of three different shots, i.e., CrNi steel shot, crushed nut shells, and ceramic balls shot. Then, the specimens have been subjected to profilometric analysis, microhardness tests, and static strength testing as well as to the assessment of biocompatibility in respect of cytotoxicity using human BJ fibroblasts. The shot peening process causes the strengthening of surface layer and the increase of strength parameters. Furthermore, the test results indicate good biocompatibility of surfaces being tested, and the effect of shot peening process on the titanium alloy cytotoxicity is acceptable. At the same time, most favourable behaviour in respect of cytotoxicity has been found in the case of surfaces modified by means of ceramic balls > nut shells > CrNi steel shot correspondingly.
LIBRO DE RESÚMENES IV LATIN AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDENCY EDUCATION LACRE 2019
Authors: Católica de Chile Pontificia Universidad
Published: December 2019

Congreso Latinoamericano de Educación de Residentes: LACRE 2019, Latin American Conference on Residency Education: LACRE 2019
Mutation-derived Neoantigen-specific T-cell Responses in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Perumal Deepak , Imai Naoko , Laganà Alessandro , Finnigan John , Melnekoff David , Leshchenko Violetta V. , Solovyov Alexander , Madduri Deepu , Chari Ajai , Cho Hearn Jay , Dudley Joel T. , Brody Joshua D. , Jagannath Sundar , Greenbaum Benjamin , Gnjatic Sacha , Bhardwaj Nina , Parekh Samir
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

Somatic mutations in cancer cells can give rise to novel protein sequences that can be presented by antigen-presenting cells as neoantigens to the host immune system. Tumor neoantigens represent excellent targets for immunotherapy, due to their specific expression in cancer tissue. Despite the widespread use of immunomodulatory drugs and immunotherapies that recharge T and NK cells, there has been no direct evidence that neoantigen-specific T-cell responses are elicited in multiple myeloma.

Experimental Design:

Using next-generation sequencing data we describe the landscape of neo-antigens in 184 patients with multiple myeloma and successfully validate neoantigen-specific T cells in patients with multiple myeloma and support the feasibility of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines for use in cancers with intermediate mutational loads such as multiple myeloma.

Results:

In this study, we demonstrate an increase in neoantigen load in relapsed patients with multiple myeloma as compared with newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma. Moreover, we identify shared neoantigens across multiple patients in three multiple myeloma oncogenic driver genes (KRAS, NRAS, and IRF4). Next, we validate neoantigen T-cell response and clonal expansion in correlation with clinical response in relapsed patients with multiple myeloma. This is the first study to experimentally validate the immunogenicity of predicted neoantigens from next-generation sequencing in relapsed patients with multiple myeloma.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate that somatic mutations in multiple myeloma can be immunogenic and induce neoantigen-specific T-cell activation that is associated with antitumor activity in vitro and clinical response in vivo. Our results provide the foundation for using neoantigen targeting strategies such as peptide vaccines in future trials for patients with multiple myeloma.