bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Manchester Observer
Authors: Poole Robert
Published: March 2019

The newly digitised Manchester Observer (1818–22) was
England’s leading radical newspaper at the time of the Peterloo meeting
of August 1819, in which it played a central role. For a time it enjoyed the
highest circulation of any provincial newspaper, holding a position comparable
to that of the Chartist Northern Star twenty years later and
pioneering dual publication in Manchester and London. Its columns provide
insights into Manchester’s notoriously secretive local government and
policing and into the labour and radical movements of its turbulent times. Rich
materials in the Home Office papers in the National Archives reveal much about
the relationship between radicals in London and in the provinces, and show how
local magistrates conspired with government to hound the radical press in the
north as prosecutions in London ran into trouble. This article also sheds new
light on the founding of the Manchester Guardian, which endured
as the Observer’s successor more by avoiding its
disasters than by following its example. Despite the imprisonment of four of its
main editors and proprietors the Manchester Observer battled on
for five years before sinking in calmer water for lack of news.
Türkiye’de Metal Sektöründe Meydana Gelen İş Kazalarının Analizi
Authors: GÜLLÜOĞLU Esma Nur , GÜLLÜOĞLU Arif Nihat
Published: March 2019

Metal
sektörü dünyada olduğu kadar ülkemizde de önemli bir sektör konumundadır. Üstün
özellikleri nedeniyle, teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak kullanım alanları
hızla yaygınlaşan metaller endüstride geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Bütün
sanayilerin lokomotifi niteliğinde olan metal sektörü, barındırdığı iş gücü ve
ekonomik büyüklüğü bakımından Türkiye’nin en önemli sanayi kolu durumundadır.  Günümüzde her alanda yaşanan hızlı değişim
ile üretim ve rekabet artmakta, iş kazaları sonucu çalışanların sağlığına ve iş
güvenliğine yönelik tehlikelerde çoğalmaktadır. Ülkemizde yaşanan iş kazaları
sayısı bakımından metal sanayi iş kazası yoğunluğunun en yüksek olduğu
sektördür. Bu çalışmada 2007-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye genelinde meydana
gelen iş kazaları ile metal sektöründe yaşanan kazalara ait veriler incelenerek
analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye metal sektörü iş kazaları verileri Avrupa
birliği üye ülkeleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Implementasi Literasi Informasi dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Informasi Pemustaka di Perpustakaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
Authors: Sumanti Dinda Ayu , Fauziah Kiki
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini membahas implementasi literasi informasi di Perpustakaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Tujuan diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi implementasi literasi informasi di Perpustakaan Kemendikbud melalui program kegiatan yang dibuat oleh perpustakaan dan diselenggarakan secara berkala setiap tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Adapun pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi literasi informasi yang dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan Kemendikbud melalui program kegiatannya dirancang selain untuk mendukung salah satu program organisasi induknya yaitu Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS), juga untuk memperkenalkan konsep literasi informasi kepada para siswa di jenjang pendidikan sekolah. Implementasi program terdiri atas beberapa jenis kegiatan seperti lokakarya literasi informasi, library tour, dan permainan interaktif yang disebut ‘treasures hunt’. Walaupun program masih dikemas dengan sederhana, namun respon positif dari peserta maupun manfaat yang didapatkan oleh mereka membuat program ini dinilai dapat terus dijalankan bahkan dikembangkan menjadi lebih baik lagi.
Penyalahgunaan Koleksi di Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia
Authors: Imaman Kevin Berlianto
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai macam bentuk penyalahgunaan koleksi yang terjadi di Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia dan upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia dalam menanggulanginya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, di antara bentuk penyalahgunaan koleksi meliputi pencurian koleksi, perobekan koleksi, vandalisme koleksi, dan peminjaman tidak sah. Adapun upaya yang telah dilakukan Perpustakaan Nasional dalam menanggulangi masalah tersebut yakni dengan menggunakan perangkat teknologi berupa CCTV dan memasukan pelaku penyalah gunaan koleksi pada daftar hitam. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia membuat kebijakan secara tertulis yang memuat langkah-langkah pencegahan dan sanksi tegas mengenai tindakan penyalahgunaan koleksi yang terjadi, serta membuat rambu-rambu atau poster yang bersifat persuasif berisi ajakan tentang cara memperlakukan bahan pustaka dengan baik.
Recensão: André Gorz - Une vie [Willy Gianinazzi, 2016, Paris, Editions La Découverte]
Authors: Machado Nuno Miguel Cardoso
Published: March 2019

-
El impacto de la crisis en la conciliación de los tiempos cotidianos: análisis de las familias del alumnado de educación primaria en Galicia
Authors: Martínez García Rubén , De Valenzuela Ángela L. , Varela Crespo Laura
Published: March 2019

El artículo se centra en estudiar la percepción de las familias gallegas con hijos e hijas escolarizados en Educación Primaria (6-12 años) sobre las repercusiones de la crisis económica en la conciliación de su vida familiar, laboral y personal, analizando su grado de satisfacción en relación a la misma. A partir de los datos del cuestionario elaborado ad hoc para las familias, los resultados indican que algo más de la mitad de las personas encuestadas (n = 2037) consideran que la crisis no afectó en la armonización de sus tiempos cotidianos. Sin embargo, la mayoría no se sienten satisfechas con la organización de los tiempos de su vida diaria, evidenciándose que la crisis ha podido mermar su capacidad para alcanzar sus metas profesionales, familiares y personales.
Gestión asociativa y sustentabilidad organizacional: el caso de las cooperativas de cartoneros de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Maldovan Bonelli Johanna
Published: March 2019

Este artículo analiza la problemática de la sustentabilidad organizacional en experiencias de trabajo asociado, a partir de un estudio de caso realizado en cooperativas de cartoneros que operan en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en el período 2007-2012. Se propone la noción de “doble sustentabilidad” como herramienta conceptual que permite abordar la tensión permanente en la que se encuentra la reproducción ampliada de estas experiencias. Para ello se abordan las regulaciones estatales y de mercado que pesan sobre la actividad del reciclaje y las organizaciones cartoneras; así como las prácticas, vínculos y recursos movilizados que, en la construcción cotidiana de la asociatividad, habilitan y limitan el sostenimiento de estas cooperativas.
"Ojalá mi madre hubiera hecho por mí lo que yo estoy haciendo por mi hija": la evolución de la participación de las familias en la escuela pública en España
Authors: Issó David , Becerril Diego , Martín-Lagos Mª Dolores , Venegas Mar
Published: March 2019

Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación sobre el rol de las familias en el control, la gestión y el gobierno de los centros educativos públicos, durante los cursos escolares 2009-2010 y 2010-2011, en varios centros de la provincia de Granada (España). Siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, basada en la realización de doce entrevistas en profundidad y ocho grupos de discusión, los discursos permiten concluir que las familias del alumnado escolarizado en la escuela pública española se involucran más que antes pero aún queda mucho camino por recorrer. El artículo analiza asimismo las causas que, a tenor de nuestros datos, pueden estar provocando esta falta de participación efectiva de las familias en la escuela pública española.
Formar uma elite ou educar um povo? Quarenta anos de ensino secundário em democracia
Authors: Antunes Fátima
Published: March 2019

Procura-se contribuir para o conhecimento de uma das facetas do ensino secundário em Portugal: a sua lenta democratização, expressa através das taxas reais de escolarização e de conclusão. Com apoio de dados estatísticos e investigação especializada, discutem-se certas relações entre aquele processo e políticas públicas de educação que configuraram o ritmo, o perfil e os resultados dessa dinâmica. Identificam-se três etapas em seis momentos e projetos diversos, desde que o ensino secundário era privilégio de uma reduzida fração (8,1%) de jovens, em 1974/75, ao impulso de democratização na década passada e, nos últimos anos, à conjugação institucional da universalidade (74,3% de jovens em 2013/14), com a fabricação de vincadas desigualdades no sistema de educação e formação secundária.
Non-canonical RNA-directed DNA methylation participates in maternal and environmental control of seed dormancy
Authors: Iwasaki Mayumi , Hyvärinen Lena , Piskurewicz Urszula , Lopez-Molina Luis
Published: March 2019

Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait preventing premature germination out of season. In a previous report (Piskurewicz et al., 2016) we showed that dormancy levels are maternally inherited through the preferential maternal allele expression in the seed endosperm of ALLANTOINASE (ALN), a negative regulator of dormancy. Here we show that suppression of ALN paternal allele expression is imposed by non-canonical RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) of the paternal ALN allele promoter. Dormancy levels are further enhanced by cold during seed development. We show that DNA methylation of the ALN promoter is stimulated by cold in a tissue-specific manner through non-canonical RdDM, involving RDR6 and AGO6. This leads to suppression of ALN expression and further promotion of seed dormancy. Our results suggest that tissue-specific and cold-induced RdDM is superimposed to parental allele imprints to deposit in the seed progeny a transient memory of environmental conditions experienced by the mother plant.
A conserved major facilitator superfamily member orchestrates a subset of O-glycosylation to aid macrophage tissue invasion
Authors: Valoskova Katarina , Biebl Julia , Roblek Marko , Emtenani Shamsi , Gyoergy Attila , Misova Michaela , Ratheesh Aparna , Reis-Rodrigues Patricia , Shkarina Kateryna , Larsen Ida Signe Bohse , Vakhrushev Sergey Y , Clausen Henrik , Siekhaus Daria E
Published: March 2019

Aberrant display of the truncated core1 O-glycan T-antigen is a common feature of human cancer cells that correlates with metastasis. Here we show that T-antigen in Drosophila melanogaster macrophages is involved in their developmentally programmed tissue invasion. Higher macrophage T-antigen levels require an atypical major facilitator superfamily (MFS) member that we named Minerva which enables macrophage dissemination and invasion. We characterize for the first time the T and Tn glycoform O-glycoproteome of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, and determine that Minerva increases the presence of T-antigen on proteins in pathways previously linked to cancer, most strongly on the sulfhydryl oxidase Qsox1 which we show is required for macrophage tissue entry. Minerva’s vertebrate ortholog, MFSD1, rescues the minerva mutant’s migration and T-antigen glycosylation defects. We thus identify a key conserved regulator that orchestrates O-glycosylation on a protein subset to activate a program governing migration steps important for both development and cancer metastasis.
Homeostatic and tumourigenic activity of SOX2+ pituitary stem cells is controlled by the LATS/YAP/TAZ cascade
Authors: Lodge Emily J , Santambrogio Alice , Russell John P , Xekouki Paraskevi , Jacques Thomas S , Johnson Randy L , Thavaraj Selvam , Bornstein Stefan R , Andoniadou Cynthia Lilian
Published: March 2019

SOX2 positive pituitary stem cells (PSCs) are specified embryonically and persist throughout life, giving rise to all pituitary endocrine lineages. We have previously shown the activation of the STK/LATS/YAP/TAZ signalling cascade in the developing and postnatal mammalian pituitary. Here, we investigate the function of this pathway during pituitary development and in the regulation of the SOX2 cell compartment. Through loss- and gain-of-function genetic approaches, we reveal that restricting YAP/TAZ activation during development is essential for normal organ size and specification from SOX2+ PSCs. Postnatal deletion of LATS kinases and subsequent upregulation of YAP/TAZ leads to uncontrolled clonal expansion of the SOX2+ PSCs and disruption of their differentiation, causing the formation of non-secreting, aggressive pituitary tumours. In contrast, sustained expression of YAP alone results in expansion of SOX2+ PSCs capable of differentiation and devoid of tumourigenic potential. Our findings identify the LATS/YAP/TAZ signalling cascade as an essential component of PSC regulation in normal pituitary physiology and tumourigenesis.
Comparative genomic analysis of the IDD genes in five Rosaceae species and expression analysis in Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)
Authors: Su Xueqiang , Meng Tiankai , Zhao Yu , Li Guohui , Cheng Xi , Abdullah Muhammad , Sun Xu , Cai Yongping , Lin Yi
Published: March 2019

The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) gene family encodes hybrid transcription factors with distinct zinc finger motifs and appears to be found in all higher plant genomes. IDD genes have been identified throughout the genomes of the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, and the functions of many members of this gene family have been studied. However, few studies have investigated the IDD gene family in Rosaceae species (among these species, a genome-wide identification of the IDD gene family has only been completed in Malus domestica). This study focuses on a comparative genomic analysis of the IDD gene family in five Rosaceae species (Pyrus bretschneideri, Fragaria vesca, Prunus mume, Rubus occidentalis and Prunus avium). We identified a total of 68 IDD genes: 16 genes in Chinese white pear, 14 genes in F. vesca, 13 genes in Prunus mume, 14 genes in R. occidentalis and 11 genes in Prunus avium. The evolution of the IDD genes in these five Rosaceae species was revealed by constructing a phylogenetic tree, tracking gene duplication events, and performing a sliding window analysis and a conserved microsynteny analysis. The expression analysis of different organs showed that most of the pear IDD genes are found at a very high transcription level in fruits, flowers and buds. Based on our results with those obtained in previous research, we speculated that PbIDD2 and PbIDD8 might participate in flowering induction in pear. A temporal expression analysis showed that the expression patterns of PbIDD3 and PbIDD5 were completely opposite to the accumulation pattern of fruit lignin and the stone cell content. The results of the composite phylogenetic tree and expression pattern analysis indicated that PbIDD3 and PbIDD5 might be involved in the metabolism of lignin and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation. In summary, we provide basic information about the IDD genes in five Rosaceae species and thereby provide a theoretical basis for studying the function of these IDD genes.
Assistência técnica e extensão rural no Vale do Ribeira paranaense
Authors: Silva Kessy Rizental da , Bergamasco Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira , Souza-Esquerdo Vanilde Ferreira de
Published: March 2019

Esta pesquisa buscou analisar a ocorrência e viabilidade de chamadas públicas para prestação de serviços de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Ater) na região do Vale do Ribeira paranaense com base nas diretrizes propostas pela PNATER (Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural) e pela PEATER-PR (Política Estadual de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do estado do Paraná). Esse objetivo foi cumprido por meio de uma análise qualitativa, utilizando-se do estudo de caso, através da realização de entrevistas com os profissionais atuantes na área da extensão rural, a fim de se verificar a perspectiva destes profissionais sobre os serviços de Ater no estado do Paraná. Identificaram-se diversos desafios para a efetivação de serviços qualificados de Ater no Vale do Ribeira, tais como a ausência de diálogo entre as entidades executoras de Ater, a falta de um mapeamento e sistematização das ações de Ater, os entraves ao trabalho do extensionista pela precariedade de infraestrutura. Tais desafios vêm dificultando o cumprimento das metas estabelecidas pelas legislações estadual e federal de Ater no Vale do Ribeira paranaense.
Monitoramento participativo de dinâmicas de desenvolvimento local
Authors: Turnes Valério Alecio
Published: March 2019

A partir da análise dos resultados de esforços de planejamento participativo, realizada num conjunto de municípios que apresentam baixos índices de desenvolvimento humano, o autor sistematiza um método de acompanhamento das transformações da realidade local. A estratégia busca fortalecer o nível de participação dos atores sociais locais nas decisões de planejamento e gestão do plano de desenvolvimento de cada município. A aplicação prática confirmou a importância de uma ferramenta para a melhoria da eficiência do processo de planejamento. Por outro lado, a estratégia proposta pelo Sistema Delos e a característica dos instrumentos técnicos utilizados, contribuíram para o aumento do controle dos participantes sobre todo o processo de planejamento, na medida em que aumentou o grau de compreensão dos mesmos e ajudou a estabelecer um cenário futuro a ser alcançado pelo município. A ferramenta contribui para o aumento do protagonismo dos atores sociais e fortalece a capacidade de mudança de realidades.
Occurrence of Bluntnose Sixgill Shark Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788) in Yeşilovacık Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean
Authors: Ayas Deniz , Ergüden Deniz , Çiftçi Nuray , Bakan Mısra
Published: March 2019

Aims: In this study, an individual of H. griseus was caught from the Mersin Bay and this ichthyologic note presents a new female record of H. griseus for Mersin Bay, Mediterranean coast of Turkey. This study aims to contribute to the chronological records of the species in the Mediterranean Sea.

Place and Duration of Study: Yeşilovacık bay is a small bay in the west of Mersin Bay. Yeşilovacık bay which lies at approximately 36°07’n latitude, 33°37’e, longitude and about 143 km Western of in Mersin province, Turkey. Sample: On 19 March 2018 blunthose sixgill shark specimen was measured and then deposited in the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Mersin.

Methodology: A female specimen of H. griseus with a total length (TL) of 350 cm (400 kg) was captured by a commercial trawl at a depth around of 280 m of the Yeşilovacık Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea), Turkey. Total length was measured to the nearest 1 mm and the weight of the specimen was determined to the nearest kilogram.

Results: Measurements of the specimen are presented and compared with the previous records of H. griseus in the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey (Iskenderun Bay), which are given in Table. The identification was carried out according to the previous report.

Conclusion: To date specific conservation measures are not known for this species for the Northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Thus, the effect of coastal fishery for sharks should be regularly monitored and protection measures should be taken in this region in order for this shark species to continue their conservation for the next generation.
Influence of Sole and Combined Application of NPK (15:15:15) Fertilizer and Poultry Manure on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Varieties in Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad A. , Sanda H. Y.
Published: March 2019

Field trials were conducted at the University Orchard Aliero, Kebbi state University of Science and Technology Aliero, during the 2017 and 2018 dry seasons, to study the  growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties influenced by sole and combined application of NPK (15:15:15) and Poultry manure. The treatments consisted of a factorial combination of three Okra varieties: LD88, NHAE47-4 and Dogo; and three level of nutrients: 800 kg NPK (15:15:15) ha-1, 100%PM ha-1 equivalent to 6.6 t ha-1 and 50% NPK+50% PM ha-1 (400 kg of NPK [15:15:15] + 3.3 t of PM ha-1) and the untreated control, each designed to supply the recommended dose of 120 kg N ha-1 using a compound fertilizer NPK (15:15:15) and poultry manure and cow dung. Results revealed that plant height, number of leaves, number of pods per plant, mean pod weight (g), mean pod length (cm), fruit yield per hectare were significantly increased when the recommended N dose of 120 kg N ha-1 was applied using only NPK (800 kg NPK [15:15:15 ha-1]) or a combination of NPK+PM at 50:50 ratio in conjunction with variety NHAE47-4. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that the integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers in form of NPK fertilizer and poultry manure at 50:50 ratio in conjunction with variety NHAE47-4, could be adopted for higher pod yield.
Phosphorus
Authors: Gilmour Rodney
Published: March 2019

The discovery of phosphorus, the development of the means of manufacture of its white and red forms, and its uses are reviewed. White phosphorus has been produced by the electric furnace method, which is now a mature, worldwide process; nevertheless, process analysis and incremental improvements continue.

Historically, most phosphorus has been converted into phosphoric acid for direct use or for further processing into industrial phosphates. Rapid growth and process development occurred in the West after WWII to support the new phosphate detergent market. Decline began in the 1970s with the increase in electricity costs and later, the introduction of phosphate detergent bans. Phosphorus is also converted into other derivatives for use in pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, lubricants, plasticizers, and agricultural chemicals; of the latter, the broad‐spectrum herbicide glyphosate now accounts for most of the phosphorus produced in the West. Growth of phosphorus capacity in China began in the 1990s and achieved two to three times the Western peak; in the past 10 years it has followed a similar path of decline. The by‐products of phosphorus manufacture are slag, ferrophos, precipitator dust, and carbon monoxide off‐gas.

The operation of phosphorus plants and their remediation when closed present onerous safety, health, and environmental duties.
Metallurgy
Authors: Habashi Fathi
Published: March 2019

Metals and metalloids are obtained from the Earth's crust, and metallurgy is the art and science of obtaining these materials from ores and their fabrication into useful products. The different areas of metallurgy can be divided into mineral processing and metal processing. Minerals are processed to produce metals, and these are treated further to produce different forms for engineering construction and everyday use.
Plastics Properties: Physical, Mechanical, and Degradation Aspects
Authors: Buekens Alfons
Published: March 2019

Plastic materials (and their additives) are selected for a particular application on the basis of quality, cost, and performance, established by standardized test procedures. This article centers on the physical and mechanical properties of plastics and their evaluation. Following an introduction on plastics, their macromolecular structures, and composition, properties, such as density, viscosity, diffusion and barrier properties, moisture and ash content, viscoelastic properties and their testing, and plastic degradation are discussed. Testing methods of materials properties, to make sure that they meet technical requirements, are also discussed.

The article guides the reader in selecting plastic materials for given applications, by considering systematically important properties and the way they relate to operating conditions and quality.
Gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma 12 years after right radical nephrectomy
Authors: Chu Chia‐Sheng , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Chang I‐Ping , Su Wen‐Pang , Chuang Po‐Heng , Huang Wen‐Hsin , Lai Hsueh‐Chou
Published: March 2019

Gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after nephrectomy is unusual, and few cases have been reported, with a mean duration of 6.9 years from the diagnosis of RCC to gastric metastasis. We report a case of gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient who received right radical nephrectomy for RCC 12 years ago. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy found an ulcerative mass, and metastatic RCC was finally diagnosed via histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry staining. RCC usually metastasizes to the lung, lymph nodes, and bone. It rarely metastasizes to the stomach, and there is no specific symptom despite gastric metastasis. Early detection of gastric metastasis should be conducted due to a lack of effective systemic therapy for RCC. In conclusion, endoscopic survey is recommended for patients of RCC with any suspicious symptoms, including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, decreasing appetite, hematemesis, melena, or anemia.
Shear wave elastography for differentiating biliary hamartoma from liver cirrhosis: A case series study and literature review
Authors: Yang Chun‐Chi , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Sheu Ming‐Jen , Huang Wen‐Chieh , Sun Chi‐Shu , Feng I‐Che , Lin Yu‐Min , Hsieh Ping‐Hsin , Lin Cheng‐Yi , Lim Poh‐Poo
Published: March 2019

The biliary hamartoma (BH), so called von Meyenburg complex, is a rare congenital disease of bile duct malformation. In clinical practice, the majority is discovered incidentally. It was believed that typical image finding from cross‐sectional images could help us make a correct diagnosis without histology. Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) had been validated as a noninvasive method for estimating liver fibrosis in patients with liver diseases. The aim of the present study is to explore the ability of SWE in the differentiation of BH from liver cirrhosis. We reported a case series of 14 cases that were diagnosed as BH and followed up at the clinic of the Chimei Medical Center from January 2016 to December 2017. These cases were found incidentally on routine ultrasonography examination because of the extraordinary coarse liver parenchymal pattern, without the typical findings of portal hypertension. The SWE is performed at the same time BH was suspected or gained retrospective after BH was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). SWE classifies the entity as no fibrosis (F0), mild fibrosis (F1), severe fibrosis (F2), significant fibrosis (F3), and cirrhosis (F4). MRI or MRCP further confirmed the final diagnosis of all the inclusive cases. We also collected and analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and image characteristics. Fourteen patients were identified and enrolled in our study. The median age was 61.3 years old (range: 37–81). Echo comet‐tail sign and equal sign of liver parenchymal were noted in 13 patients (13/14 = 92.9%). Twelve patients (12/14 = 85.7%) underwent SWE, and nine patients were included in the F0‐F1 group. Only one was indicated to have significant fibrosis (F3), but the MRI did not demonstrate cirrhosis. Seven patients had chronic virus hepatitis (five hepatitis B and two hepatitis C patients) on review of their medical history records. We noticed the presentation of elevated serum level of γ‐GT in three cases and CA19‐9 in two cases. In our cases, no neoplastic transformation episode was noted during the follow‐up periods. In cases of overt coarse echo pattern of liver parenchyma, without other signs of portal hypertension, BH should be considered in differential diagnoses. SWE could be used as a differentiation tool to help exclude cirrhosis.
Novel mutations causing biotinidase deficiency in individuals identified by the newborn screening program in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Nara O. , del Castillo Dora M. , Januário José N. , Starling Ana L. P. , Arantes Rodrigo R. , Norton Rocksane C. , Viana Marcos B.
Published: March 2019

Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the BTD gene. Clinical manifestations can be treated and effectively prevented with pharmacological doses of biotin. Nine novel mutations in BTD are reported in 14 children diagnosed by the newborn screening program in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from June 2013 to December 2017. Serum BTD enzyme activity was determined for all cases and some parents. Two of the mutations are deletions and seven missense mutations located in the exonic region of the BTD gene, mostly in exon 4. Two newborns were profoundly biotinidase‐deficient (one homozygous p.A534V [c.1601C > T] and another, double heterozygous for a novel mutation p.R211S [c.631C > A] co‐inherited with an already described mutation p.T532 M [c.1595C > T]). Two mutations were associated with a partial deficiency of biotinidase (p.F361 V [c.1081 T > G] in two homozygous children, and p.S311 T [c.932G > C] in a compound heterozygous child who co‐inherited a known severe mutation p.Y438X [c.1314 T > A]). The remaining five mutations were found in compound heterozygous children. Hence, a definitive conclusion about the degree of biotinidase deficiency is not possible yet. These results emphasize the importance of sequencing the BTD gene as an important tool to gain a better understanding of the correlation between biochemical phenotype and genotype.
A study of structural effects on linear and nonlinear response of bicompartmental Ni (II) Schiff base complexes
Authors: Mohan Nithya , S. S. Sreejith , Kuttippurath Vasudevan , Keloth Chandrasekharan , Kurup M.R. Prathapachandra
Published: March 2019

Herein we investigate imaginary third order NLO activity, optical limiting capability and first hyperpolarizabilities of five Ni (II) salen complexes using experimental and theoretical methods. The complexes are tuned to have different NLO response by changing mainly the diimine spacer group. Out of the compounds reported, the one with o‐phenylene spacer group exhibits the highest NLO activity comparable with that of polymers and semiconductors which is followed by the compound with ethylene spacer unit. The order of activity is a direct function of the degree of π‐delocalization. Further all the tested compounds returned outstanding optical limiting capabilities making them excellent materials for fabrication of such devices. The experimental results were substantiated with frontier orbital calculations carried out using DFT at M06/6‐31G* level of theory and complex with aromatic spacer group exhibits least energy gap and highest activity. The total dipole moment, polarizability and first hyperpolarizability were also calculated at the same level of theory which are also in line with the experimentally observed results.
Model predictive control for LPV models with maximal stabilizable model range
Authors: Yang Yuanqing , Ding Baocang
Published: March 2019

This paper characterizes model predictive control (MPC) for linear parameter varying (LPV) models subject to state and input constraints, which is based on the homogeneous polynomially parameterized (HPP) Lyapunov function and HPP control law with tunable complexity degrees. The controller guarantees the closed‐loop asymptotic stability and finds the control move through the convex optimization. While it is known that this technique can improve the control performance and reduce conservatism, we suggest that it also enlarges, and maximizes with the sufficiently large complexity degrees, the stabilizable LPV model range. The computational burden becomes heavier when the complexity degrees increase. However, the main contributions of this paper are more on theory than on practice. It explores to what extent robust MPC can be applied for stabilization of LPV models. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Comparative analysis of key technologies for cellulosic ethanol production from Brazilian sugarcane bagasse at a commercial scale
Authors: Chandel Anuj K , Albarelli Juliana Q , Santos Diego T , Chundawat Shishir Ps , Puri Munish , Meireles Maria Angela A.
Published: March 2019

Biorefineries can upgrade waste lignocellulosic biomass (LB) into soluble (C5 and C6) sugars that can be fermented into second‐generation (2G) ethanol‐based biofuels and a range of valuable byproducts derived from lignin. Research advances made in various laboratories worldwide have not been easy to translate into large‐scale operations. Here, we performed a simple economic analysis of cellulosic ethanol production from a stand‐alone 100ton dry sugarcane bagasse per day process, from a Brazilian market perspective, based on current state‐of‐the‐art biorefinery process technologies. Economic analysis reveals that the cost of manufacturing (COM) of 2G ethanol in an annexed Brazilian facility is close to USD 1.33 L−1. Fixed and variable costs contributed 57% and 24% in COM of 2G ethanol with a high payback period of ~31 years and a negative net present value (NPV). Further cost reduction can be realized by continuous R&D efforts aiming for innovation in new processing paradigms for cellulosic biorefineries. The key market players (Poet‐DSM, DuPont, Abengoa, Beta Renewables, Raizen, Granbio, Praj, etc.) and other new emerging players (Global Yeast, Taurus Energy, Leaf, Mascoma‐Lallemand) working on ethanologen development, and cellulase producers (Novozyme, Metgen), should also develop partnerships / joint ventures to establish a sustainable business model to develop cost‐competitive 2G ethanol production from bagasse in Brazil. This paper presents additional commentary and analysis with pertinent information about the commercialization of integrated 2G ethanol biorefineries processing sugarcane bagasse, from a Brazilian perspective. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Study on Nano‐Metal Oxide and Carbon Nanotube Composites on Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Perchlorate
Authors: Liu Ping‐An , Wang Meng‐Jun , Wang Lu , Wang Jun , Wang Ting
Published: March 2019

In this study, novel carbon nanotube (CNT) and transition‐metal oxides (TMOs) nanoparticle catalysts were prepared and their effects on the thermal decomposition of potassium perchlorate (KP) were investigated. Nanocatalysts have been widely studied because of their excellent properties, such as the high surface energies of nanoparticles and their ease of agglomeration adversely affect their catalytic performances. Good dispersion is the key to good nanocatalytic activity. The composite catalysts were prepared by loading a nanocatalyst on CNTs; this improves nanoparticle dispersion, promotes electron transfer during the reaction, and increases the catalytic effect. Different types of CNT‐based composite catalysts and their corresponding single nanocatalysts were each added to KP. The effects of the catalysts on the thermal decomposition of KP were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The activity of each catalyst was evaluated on the basis of the changes in the thermal decomposition peaks and the apparent decomposition heats. The results show that the activity of a composite catalyst in KP thermal decomposition is much higher than that of its corresponding single nanocatalyst.
Identification of conjugation positions of urinary glucuronidated vitamin D3 metabolites by LC/ESI–MS/MS after conversion to MS/MS‐fragmentable derivatives
Authors: Yoshimura Yusuke , Hibi Ryuichiro , Nakata Akiho , Togashi Moeka , Ogawa Shoujiro , Ishige Takayuki , Satoh Mamoru , Nomura Fumio , Higashi Tatsuya
Published: March 2019

A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry‐based method was developed for the identification of the conjugation positions of the monoglucuronides of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] in human urine. The method employed derivatization with 4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione to convert the glucuronides into fragmentable derivatives, which provided useful product ions for identifying the conjugation positions during the MS/MS. The derivatization also enhanced the assay sensitivity and specificity for urine sample analysis. The positional isomeric monoglucuronides, 25(OH)D3‐3‐ and ‐25‐glucuronides, or 24,25(OH)2D3‐3‐, ‐24‐ and ‐25‐glucuronides, were completely separated from each other under the optimized LC conditions. Using this method, the conjugation positions were successfully determined to be the C3 and C24 positions for the glucuronidated 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3, respectively. The 3‐glucuronide was not present for 24,25(OH)2D3, unlike 25(OH)D3, thus we found that selective glucuronidation occurs at the C24‐hydroxy group for 24,25(OH)2D3.
Manganese‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkenylation of Aromatic Amidines with Alkynes via C−H Activation
Authors: Jia Teng , Wang Congyang
Published: March 2019

The first ortho‐alkenylation of aromatic amidines with alkynes was realized by earth‐abundant manganese catalysis through C−H activation. A catalytic amount of PhMgBr was found essential for improved efficiency of this transformation. Wide tolerance of functional groups and excellent E/Z selectivity highlighted the current protocol.
Fatty Acid Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants Based on Renewable Resources as a Leveler for Copper Electroplating
Authors: Lv Jinge , Zhao Xuehua , Jie Xu , Li Jun , Wei Xiaochuan , Chen Biao , Hong Gang , Wu Wenjun , Wang Limin
Published: March 2019

A series of fatty acid quaternary ammonium surfactants (FAQAS 1 a–1 f) derived from renewable resource of fatty acid have been rationally designed and investigated as levelers applied in copper electroplating. Surface tension and contact angle indicated the FAQAS's surfactivity and wettability were closely related to the length of hydrophobic chains. FAQAS 1 a–1 f displayed the capability to inhibit the copper deposition in CV tests and their inhibiting abilities agreed with the order of their surfactivity and wettability. Compound 1 e showed the best inhibition capability, and was comprehensively tested by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other electrochemical measurements. The strong inhibition ability of compound 1 e on copper electrodeposition could be attributed to its fast and strong absorption of 1 e on the cathode surface. Moreover, galvanostatic measurements (GMs) indicated that compound 1 e not only cause polarization but also has stable synergistic effects with other additives to form a convection dependent competitive adsorption layer. In addition, through‐hole (TH) electroplating experiments verified that uniform TH could be obtained on copper electrodeposition using the bath containing compound 1 e. This work may shed some light on the pratical application of surfactants as effective leveler in acid copper electroplating.
Electrodeposition of a Rare‐Earth Iron Alloy from an Ionic‐Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Xuan , Sturm Saso , Zavasnik Janez , Rozman Kristina Z.
Published: March 2019

Rare earth element (REE)‐based metals and alloys are generally synthesized by molten‐salt electrolysis which is an energy‐intensive approach. Previous attempts to deposit alloys of rare earths from solutions at mild temperatures have met with little success. Excitingly, in this investigation we were able to electrodeposit Nd−Fe from the 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidizolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCA]) ionic liquid (IL) at 110 °C. We observed that NdIII cannot be reduced independently, although it can be co‐deposited inductively on a Cu substrate with the addition of FeII. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis combined with electron‐energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) verified that NdIII is reduced to Nd0 during the electrodeposition process. The TEM/EELS was also able to confirm that the deposition of the Nd−Fe starts with the sole deposition of Fe, followed by the co‐deposition of Nd−Fe. This is in agreement with transition‐state theory, which has the iron initially reduced to an activated state (Fe*), where it is able to catalyse the reduction of the rare earth from NdIII to Nd0. This new insight into the electrodeposition process brings us a very important step closer to being able to recycle rare earths efficiently and even to realise electrodeposited rare‐earth‐based permanent‐magnet thin films at a mild temperature, thus giving us a sustainable, green‐chemistry approach that provides a genuine alternative to high‐temperature molten‐salt electrolysis.
Statistische Auswertung und Vorhersage des Bruchbildes von thermisch vorgespanntem Glas
Authors: Kraus Michael A. , Pourmoghaddam Navid , Siebert Geralt , Schneider Jens
Published: March 2019

Im Rahmen dieses Artikels wird ein stochastisches Modell zur Vorhersage des Bruchbildes von vorgespanntem Glas vorgestellt. Basierend auf Überlegungen der linearen elastischen Bruchmechanik werden die Fragmentgrößenparameter mit Ansätzen aus der stochastischen Geometrie kombiniert, um die 2D‐Bruchstruktur von vorgespanntem Glas vorherzusagen. In diesem Beitrag wird das gesamte Verfahren zur Erfassung und Verarbeitung der Bruchbilder von großformatigen Proben, die Kalibrierung des statistischen Modells sowie die Vorhersage von statistisch identisch verteilten Bruchbildern demonstriert.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Maschinelles Lernen im Kontext der Forschung im Konstruktiven Glasbau
Authors: Kraus Michael A.
Published: March 2019

Der Einsatz Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) erfährt aufgrund zunehmender Datenerfassungs‐ und Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten eine große Verbreitung. Ein gesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Wandel wird von zahlreichen Unternehmensleitern, Politikern und Forschern vorhergesagt. Maschinelles Lernen (ML) ist eine Unterkategorie der KI, welche bereits heute weltweit in zahlreichen Anwendungen genutzt wird. In diesem Artikel wird der Hintergrund von KI und ML vorgestellt, wobei auf die spezifischen Besonderheiten bei der Anwendung des ML auf Probleme im Ingenieurkontext eingegangen wird. Ferner werden die Potenziale von ML einerseits für die Materialparameteridentifikation und Unsicherheitsquantifizierung von hyper‐ und viskoelastischen Konstitutivgesetzen von Polymeren des Konstruktiven Glasbaus gezeigt und andererseits die Anwendung von ML zur Auswertung und statistischen Vorhersage von Bruchmustern thermisch vorgespannter Gläser untersucht. Schließlich findet eine erste Bewertung der möglichen Anwendbarkeit von ML‐Techniken auf Forschungsfragen im Konstruktiven Glasbau statt.
Fassaden im digitalen Wandel – Vom Entwurf zum Rückbau
Authors: Heusler Winfried , Kadija Ksenija
Published: March 2019

Modulare Fassadenstrukturen mit eingebetteten elektronischen Komponenten stellen eine effiziente Methode dar, die Komplexität individueller Lösungen zu beherrschen. Das Ergebnis ist eine spürbare Kostensenkung, Prozessbeschleunigung und Qualitätssteigerung. Die digitale Transformation eröffnet mit Fassadengeneratoren und ‐konfiguratoren vom Entwurf bis zum Rückbau völlig neue Möglichkeiten, die Gestaltung, Funktionsweise und Funktionstüchtigkeit zu optimieren. Letztendlich läuft es auf den digitalen Zwilling – ein abstrahiertes, virtuelles Abbild des realen Gebäudes – hinaus. Künstliche Intelligenz unterstützt die Beteiligten bei der Beurteilung der Situation und Entscheidungs‐findung. Es gilt, aus digitalen Daten zu lernen und das Gelernte anzuwenden. Künftig stehen im Zentrum marktspezifisch optimierter Fassaden und der zugehörigen Prozesse die technologische Machbarkeit und wirtschaftliche Tragfähigkeit sowie angemessene Gestaltung und nicht zuletzt der Mensch.
Ganzglasecken mit tragender Verklebung
Authors: Siebert Barbara
Published: March 2019

Geklebte Verbindungen haben sich in Deutschland in der Vergangenheit im Wesentlichen auf „Structural Sealant Glazing” beschränkt, d.h. auf an eloxierten Aluminiumrahmen linienförmig umlaufend aufgeklebte Glasscheiben. Erfreulicherweise nimmt der Anteil an verklebten Konstruktionen derzeit deutlich zu, obwohl hier nach wie vor in der Regel vorhabenbezogene Bauartgenehmigungen erforderlich sind. Ein zunehmend ausgeführtes Konstruktionsdetail stellen die sogenannten Ganzglasecken dar. Die sehr konservative ETAG 002 deckt diese aktuellen Konstruktionen nicht ab. Es werden nachfolgend die Grundlagen erläutert sowie ein derzeit in Ausführung befindliches größeres Projekt einer Hochhausfassade in Frankfurt vorgestellt.
Entwerfen und Konstruieren mit gekrümmtem Glas
Authors: Fildhuth Thiemo , Oppe Matthias , Schieber Roman
Published: March 2019

Der Wunsch nach kontinuierlich gekrümmten Fassaden und freien Formen in der aktuellen Architektur sowie die stetige Verbesserung der Herstellungsmethoden führen zu einem zunehmenden Einsatz gekrümmter Gläser. Dauerhafte Krümmung wird durch thermisches Biegen erreicht, während elastisches Kaltbiegen zu reversiblen Glaskrümmungen führt, welche entweder durch Befestigung auf einer Unterkonstruktion oder durch Lamination mit schubsteifen Interlayern stabilisiert werden. Bei der Anwendung spielen voneinander abhängige Faktoren wie die geometrische Form und Krümmung, Glasgröße, residuelle Spannungen, Isolierglas, Beschichtungen, Oberflächenqualität und der Interlayer eine entscheidende Rolle. Als Beitrag zu einer Entwurfsbasis werden hier Eigenschaften und Grenzen gekrümmten Architekturglases vergleichend aufgezeigt und anhand von Projektbeispielen belegt.
Zolpidem and zolpidem phenyl‐4‐carboxylic acid pharmacokinetics in oral fluid after a single dose
Authors: Feng Xueyi , Chen Hang , Xiang Ping , Shen Min
Published: March 2019

Background

Oral fluid zolpidem detection in the settings of drug‐facilitated crime and roadside drug testing indicates recent zolpidem intake. Zolpidem pharmacokinetics in classical biological matrices such as blood and urine have been described; however, reports of such data based on oral fluids are limited.

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem and its major metabolite zolpidem phenyl‐4‐carboxylic acid (ZPCA) in oral fluids after intake.

Methods

Ten milligrams of zolpidem tartrate tablets were orally administered to 14 volunteers, and oral fluid samples were collected at various times up to 72 hours and analyzed via liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with post‐column reagent addition.

Results

Both zolpidem and ZPCA could be detected in oral fluid after 1 hour and were rapidly eliminated, with half‐lives of 2.77 ± 0.71 hours and 5.11 ± 0.67 hours, respectively. Maximum zolpidem concentrations (36.73 ± 10.89 ng/mL) occurred at 2 ± 0.52 hours, and maximum ZPCA concentrations (0.28 ± 0.16 ng/mL) occurred at 2 ± 0.37 hours. Zolpidem/ZPCA ratios decreased after zolpidem intake, an observation that might be helpful for determining the time of drug use.

Conclusion

The results showed that the measurement of zolpidem in oral fluid can be used for the non‐invasive monitoring of zolpidem consumption and misuse in drug‐facilitated crime and roadside drug testing settings.