bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Mining-Induced Land Degradation in Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Adebayo Gbenga , Balogun Bolarinwa , Aluko Olaniran , Alage Lukman
Published: February 2024

Mining activities can lead to significant land degradation, posing environmental and socio-economic challenges in affected regions. This study aimed to assess mining-induced land degradation in the Ile-Ife region of Osun State, Nigeria, utilizing a comprehensive set of indicators, including slope, soil characteristics, land use/cover, soil organic carbon content, land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and community perceptions obtained through a questionnaire survey. Remote sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques were employed to analyze land use/cover, NDVI, slope and land surface temperature variations over time, while the soil grid was analyzed to generate the soil types, quantify soil organic carbon content and other relevant soil properties. The weighted overlay analysis was used to integrate the components using the analytical hierarchical process to produce the land degradation map. The findings reveal that 89.9% of the study area has experienced significant degradation, 2.09% has low-moderate and 8.02% has very high degradation, all of which are related to mining activities, extremely steep slopes, and loose soil particles. The survey revealed widespread concerns about environmental pollution, loss of agricultural productivity, and adverse health effects associated with mining activities. In conclusion, the findings of this study emphasize the urgency of addressing mining-induced land degradation in Ile-Ife, Osun State. The integration of multi-indicator approaches, including remote sensing, GIS, and community perceptions, offers valuable insights for designing sustainable land management strategies and mitigating the adverse effects of mining on the environment and local communities.
Rearing of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) as a tool for managing agricultural byproducts
Authors: Vodounnou JV , Iko Romaric , Sintondji Wilfried , Tossavi CE , Kpogue DNS , Fiogbe ED
Published: February 2024

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFLs) are used for recycling organic waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cassava, yam and sweet potato peels on BSFL production. Four different treatments were performed in triplicate in a completely random block consisting of soy bran (TSB), cassava peel (TCP), yam peel (TYP) and sweet potato peel (TPP). A density of 1 larva/g of substrate was used with a uniform ratio of 100 mg/larva/day. Larval growth was 10 days, and growth monitoring was carried out every 2 days. The daily weight gain (DWG) ranged from 2.19 ± 0.09 g/d (TYP) to 4.53 ± 0.02 g/d (TSB). The production of these fungi ranged from 43.90 ± 1.87 g/kg of substrate (TYP) to 90.56 ± 0.54 g/kg of substrate (TSB). The degradation rate ranged from 36.00 ± 2.30% (TYP) to 65.00 ± 2.88% (TSB), and the survival rate ranged from 77.66 ± 1.45% (TYP) to 99.00 ± 0.28% (TSB). According to the Z correlation test, there was a strong correlation between the organic matter content of the substrates and the DWG (99.1%). It was also observed that phosphorus content was strongly correlated with DWG (92.9%). Regarding the nutritional quality of the larvae, the protein content varied from 33.51 ± 0.94% (TYP) to 40.64 ± 032% (TSB), and the lipid content varied from 26.24 ± 0.35% (TYP) to 30.44 ± 0.18% (TSB). We noticed generally a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the different treatments depending on the parameters. This study revealed that casava, yam and sweet potato peels can be used for BSFL production.
Detecting and Adapting to Concept Drift in Large-Scale Internet of Medical Things Data Streams: A Drift-Oriented Framework
Authors: Maheshwari Vikash , Osman Nurul Aida Bt , Daud Hanita , Kurniati Angelina Prima , Yousaf Wan Nur Syahidah Bt.
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The surge in Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) and smart devices has resulted in a substantial influx of data streams within the healthcare domain. The interlinked structure of medical devices presents a pivotal hurdle referred to as Concept Drift, particularly significant in the medical arena due to the inherent instability of data patterns over time. In medical contexts, this complexity is heightened as sensors need to seamlessly shift from routine healthcare monitoring to managing urgent scenarios such as emergency ICU operations. The intricacy deepens owing to the uneven distribution of data in e-health scenarios. The complexity is further compounded by imbalanced data distributions in e-health scenarios.
Method
To address this challenge, our study proposes a novel Adaptive Ensemble Framework (AEF-CDA) specifically designed for detecting and adapting to concept drift in large-scale medical data streams from IoMT. The framework integrates adaptive data preprocessing, a novel drift-oriented adaptive feature selection approach, learning of base models, and model selection adapted to concept drift. Additionally, an online ensemble model is incorporated to enhance concept drift adaptation.
Results
The proposed AEF-CDA framework is evaluated using three public IoMT and IoT datasets. The experimental results demonstrate its superiority over contemporary methods, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 99.64% with a precision of 99.39%. These metrics surpass the performance of other approaches in the simulation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research presents an effective solution in the form of the adaptive ensemble framework (AEF-CDA) to effectively address the challenges posed by concept drift in IoMT data streams. The demonstrated high accuracy and precision underscore the framework's efficacy, highlighting its potential significance in the dynamic landscape of medical data analysis.
Padrão espacial da tuberculose em um município prioritário no estado do Mato Grosso - Brasil
Authors: Scholze Alessandro Rolim , Bellé Larissa Machado , Da Silva Caroline Pereira , Aguiar Gabriel Moreira , Santos Thyego Mychell Moreira , Borges Maraisa Delmut , Alves Josilene Dália
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: analisar as características das pessoas acometidas por tuberculose e a distribuição espacial dos casos notificados, do abandono do tratamento, bem como de unidades de saúde em um município prioritário no Mato Grosso. Método: estudo ecológico com os casos de tuberculose notificados no período de 2011 a 2020 no município de Barra do Garças-MT. Os dados foram obtidos pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, sendo investigadas as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico-operacionais da tuberculose. Foi calculada a taxa de incidência dos casos por ano. Após realizou-se a distribuição espacial, de acordo com os bairros do município, do número de casos e de abandono do tratamento, bem como de unidades de saúde pertencentes a atenção básica. Resultados: Foram notificados 337 casos com predomínio do sexo masculino (n=230;68,25%), pessoas indígenas (n=120;35,61%), idade entre 15 e 59 anos (n=242;71,81%) e com 1 a 8 anos de estudo (n=159;46,88%). Quanto aos dados clínico-operacionais a maioria eram casos novos (n=269;79,82%), que não realizaram cultura de escarro (n=305;90,50%), sendo que 41,25% (n=139) não realizaram o tratamento diretamente observado (n=110;57,29%) e apenas 56,97% (n=192) evoluíram para cura. A incidência média anual foi de 54,62 casos por 100.000/habitantes. Os bairros Santo Antônio e Centro apresentaram maior número de notificados e abandono do tratamento. A presença de unidades de estratégia de saúde da família e policlínicas não foram determinantes para ocorrência dos fenômenos investigados. Conclusão: identificou o perfil das pessoas mais afetadas, bem como as áreas críticas em relação ao número de casos e abandono do tratamento.
Sonographic Evaluation of Ectopic Pregnancies
Authors: ASGHAR M
Published: February 2024

This study was carried out in the Radiology Department, District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital (D.H. Qr) and Dera X-Rays / Ultrasound Clinic. Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, by performing abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography of all the suspected patients and endo-vaginal of selected cases by comparing with other modalities used for the diagnosis of pregnancy especially the ectopic. Eighty-five percent cases of ectopic pregnancies were diagnosed by abdominal / pelvic ultrasonography, while this ratio was increased up to 95% by endo-vaginal ultrasonography in those cases where the abdominal sonography was not helpful for accurate diagnosis. The study concluded that increased availability of ultrasonography leads to improve quality in the detection of ectopic pregnancy. It is necessary to screen all the patients with first trimester cramping and bleeding by ultrasonography.
Brand image effects and promotions on the decision of buying elpiji bright gas in the City of Palembang
Authors: Juliansyah Ahmad Alhafif , Widiyanti Marlina , Shihab Muchsin Saggaff , Wahab Zakaria
Published: February 2024

This research was conducted to determine the influence of brand image and promotion on the purchasing decisions of Bright Gas LPG in Palembang City. The population in this study consists of all consumers who purchased Bright Gas LPG in Palembang during the years 2022-2023, with a total of approximately 470 consumers. The sample used in this study consisted of 100 respondents, utilizing the purposive sampling method. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that brand image and promotion have a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions. Brand image, with a well-established brand image, necessitates the company's role in innovating and conducting research and distribution of Bright Gas LPG according to the market segment. Promotion needs to be attractive to consumers who make purchases in not-too-large quantities. For purchasing decisions, it is hoped to always provide the availability of Bright Gas LPG to avoid shortages.
Detection of bla-AIM Metallo Beta Lactamase Gene among Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia and Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Various Infections in AL- Najaf Province
Authors: Baqer AL-Mayali Enas Jalil , Al-Muhanna Sddiq Ghani , Ameer Al-Kraety Israa Abdul
Published: February 2024

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a "rapidly evolving pathogen of concern" that is increasingly being identified. The World Health Organization also recognizes it as one of the hospitals' most significant multi-drugresistant pathogens. Also, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes most
healthcare-associated infections, and it is considered a paradigm of antibiotic resistance development. In many
hospitals across the globe, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a significant source
of infection. The present study aimed to study the isolation and diagnosis of S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa
from different clinical samples, evaluate the occurrence of carbapenem resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated
from clinical samples, and investigate the dissemination of the bla-AIM genes between these isolates. Eight
hundred fifty specimens were collected from various clinical samples between 2022 and 2023. The specimens
included 220 swabs (burn), 200 (urine), 140 (stool), and 130(wound). 90 (ear),50 (throat), 10 (Cerebrospinal
fluid), and 10 (blood). Represented by 680 specimens contained bacterial growth, and 170 specimens had no
bacterial growth. Out of the 680 bacterial growth isolates, 410 revealed growths of Gram-negative bacteria,
and 270 were Gram-positive bacteria. On MacConkey ag, ar 180/410 bacteria were lactose ferment; other
isolates, es 230/410 of the isolates were lactose non-fermented bacteria. In a cross-sectional manner, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates during this period were isolated and identified
depending on the primary methods of diagnosis, then the use of the VITEK-2 compact system. The results
showed 42 isolates of S. maltophilia and 80 isolates of P. aeruginosa from total Gram-negative bacteria. The
results show that only five isolates contained the AIM gene, with a percentage of (10.4 %) of the 48 Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, five isolates from 42 S. maltophilia contain the AIM
gene with a percentage (11.9%), based on the Polymerase chain reactions assay.
Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Carbapenem Resistance, Pseudomonas aerginosa.
Composición química y evaluación del sinergismo de la actividad antioxidante de mezclas de los aceites esenciales de Luma chequen (Arrayan) y Citrus maxima (Pomelo).
Authors: del Carpio-Jiménez Carla , Gutierrez-Chavez R. Giancarlo , Quispe-Dávil H. Angelica , Tomaylla-Cruz Ciro , Urrunaga-Ormachea Mario J.
Published: February 2024

Los aceites esenciales son componentes bioactivos usados en áreas como la medicina, la farmacia, la cosmética y la industria alimentaria, se emplean como conservantes por sus propiedades antioxidantes. El objetivo
de la presente investigación fue extraer, determinar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y cuantificar por cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas los principales componentes de los aceites esenciales de Luma chequen y Citrus maxima, así como evaluar la actividad antioxidante de la mezcla de ambos aceites usando el
método de inhibición del radical ácido 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico (ABTS•+). El rendimiento de extracción fue de 0,82% y de 0,95% para Luma chequen y Citrus maxima respectivamente. El pH
fue de 4,5 y 5,5; la densidad fue de 0,877 g/ml y 0,844 g/ml y el índice de refracción fue de 1,4688 y 1,4741
respectivamente. Ambos aceites esenciales presentan alto contenido de monoterpenos siendo el α-pineno
(57,6%) el más abundante para Luma chequen y el limoneno (30,3%) para Citrus maxima. Respecto a la
actividad antioxidante; la inhibición del radical ABTS•+ fue de 49,1% y 93,4% respectivamente, sin embargo,
la mezcla constituida por 50% de aceite esencial de Luma chequen y 50% de aceite esencial de Citrus maxima
presentó un porcentaje de inhibición de 102.8%, evidenciándose sinergismo.
Keywords: Luma chequen, Citrus maxima, antioxidante, monoterpenos, sinergismo
Comparative Analysis of Threshold Cycle Results for RNA Extraction in SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Using Magnetic Beads and Spin Column Methods
Authors: Tilawati Sitanggang Fardiah , Perdinan Simanjuntak James , Nasrah Nasrah , Ridwansyah Ridwansyah , Bar Arvida
Published: February 2024

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) belongs to the large family of SARS-CoV viruses, initially emerging
in 2002-2003. In humans, this virus triggers respiratory infectious diseases. COVID-19, a new variant of
SARS-CoV, was identified in humans following an unprecedented incident in Wuhan, China, in December
2019. This virus typically manifests mild symptoms, including a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever.
The Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT), specifically the realtime Reverse Transcription Polymerase
Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) examination, is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosing COVID-19. This study assessed potential differences in Threshold Cycle results during RNA extraction using magnetic beads compared to spin columns in the SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR method. The population for this study was selected through accidental sampling from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs
of COVID-19 patients obtained between December 2022 and April 2023, with Threshold Cycle values
<30,000. The samples were stored at -80°C. The findings revealed that the average N (VIC) was 23.359, and
RdRP (FAM) was 25.558 in the Magnetic Beads method, indicating a lower value compared to the average N
(VIC) of 29.200 and RdRP (FAM) of 29.661 in the Spin Column method. This suggests that the Magnetic
Beads method exhibited greater sensitivity than the Spin Column method. The statistical analysis confirmed
these differences, with a P value of 0.003 in N (VIC) and the P value of 0.000 in RdRP (FAM). Consequently,
it can be concluded that there is a significant 19.5% difference in the Threshold Cycle during RNA extraction
using Magnetic Beads and Spin Column in the examination of the SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR method.
Keywords: Sars-CoV-2; rRT-PCR; Magnetic Beads; Spin Column; Threshold Cycle.
The value of the posterior ligamentous complex in traumatic injury of thoracolumbar junction. Part 2. Diagnostic methods
Authors: Nekhlopochyn O.S. , Verbov V.V. , Cheshuk Ie.V. , Vorodi M.V. , Ivanovich I.M.
Published: February 2024

The posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) of the spinal motion segment consists of the supraspinous, interspinous ligaments, ligamentum flavum, and facet joint capsules. The state of this functional combination of ligamentous structures is considered a critical predictor of stability in traumatically injured spine. Despite the practical importance of the PLC concept, it has mainly been used for theoretical evaluation of spinal stability models for a long time. Literature analysis reveals a lack of consensus regarding diagnostic criteria for PLC injuries and their clinical significance. The results of some studies are conflicting. This review attempts to organize information on diagnostic methods for assessing the status of different elements of the PLC in traumatic injuries of the thoracolumbar junction. Currently, there is no universally accepted criteria to help verify PLC injuries. Many signs have diagnostic value, which can be categorized as direct or indirect based on the visualization method. Direct signs are based on the analysis of images that characterize specific anatomical structures. Indirect signs allow for the assessment of the PLC considering the state and location of adjacent, primarily bony, structures. The review examines the diagnostic capabilities of visualization methods such as spondylography, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound with identification of their main advantages and disadvantages. It is found that the broader capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging in visualizing soft tissue structures do not significantly improve diagnostic quality. Spiral computed tomography remains the leading method, both for evaluating bone traumatic changes and determining indirect signs of PLC injury. The development and clinical verification of spiral computed tomography characteristics for assessing the status of the ligamentous apparatus are important tasks in improving the quality of care for patients with thoracolumbar junction injuries.
Validation of the Mayo Imaging Classification System for Predicting Kidney Outcomes in ADPKD
Authors: Bais Thomas , Geertsema Paul , Knol Martine G.E. , van Gastel Maatje D.A. , de Haas Robbert J. , Meijer Esther , Gansevoort Ron T. ,   on behalf of the DIPAK Consortium
Published: February 2024

Background

The Mayo Imaging Classification was developed to predict the rate of disease progression in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. This study aimed to validate its ability to predict kidney outcomes in a large multicenter autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cohort.

Methods

Included were patients with ≥1 height-adjusted total kidney volume (HtTKV) measurement and ≥3 eGFR values during ≥1-year follow-up. Mayo HtTKV class stability, kidney growth rates, and eGFR decline rates were calculated. The observed eGFR decline was compared with predictions from the Mayo Clinic future eGFR equation. The future eGFR prediction equation was also tested for nonlinear eGFR decline. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to assess time to kidney failure using Mayo HtTKV class as a predictor variable.

Results

We analyzed 618 patients with a mean age of 47±11 years and mean eGFR of 64±25 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline. Most patients (82%) remained in their baseline Mayo HtTKV class. During a mean follow-up of 5.1±2.2 years, the mean total kidney volume growth rates and eGFR decline were 5.33%±3.90%/yr and −3.31±2.53 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, respectively. Kidney growth and eGFR decline showed considerable overlap between the classes. The observed annual eGFR decline was not significantly different from the predicted values for classes 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D but significantly slower for class 1E. This was also observed in patients aged younger than 40 years and older than 60 years and those with PKD2 mutations. A polynomial model allowing nonlinear eGFR decline provided more accurate slope predictions. Ninety-seven patients (16%) developed kidney failure during follow-up. The classification predicted the development of kidney failure, although the sensitivity and positive predictive values were limited.

Conclusions

The Mayo Imaging Classification demonstrated acceptable stability and generally predicted kidney failure and eGFR decline rate. However, there was marked interindividual variability in the rate of disease progression within each class.
A Study of Cultural-Loaded Words Translation in The Classic of Tea from the Perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism
Authors: Zheng Xiuwen
Published: February 2024

As the earliest surviving monograph on tea, The Classic of Tea, namely the encyclopedia of tea, has been translated into Japanese, English, French, German and etc. It had a profound impact on the study of tea in China and even in the world. This book contains interdisciplinary knowledge, systemically listing various aspects of tea studies, and accordingly there are a series of cultural-loaded words. Cultural-loaded word is an eternal topic in the translation of Chinese classic, and how translators appropriately deal with cultural-loaded words has become one of the vital factors affecting the effect of readers’ reception and book promotion. Based on the truth-seeking-utility-attaining continuum mode of evaluation, this paper evaluates the translation of cultural-loaded words in The Classic of Tea from Library of Chinese Classic Series, and to explore the dynamic impact of the translator’s behavior on the transmission of cultural connotations across languages. It is found that the translators are more inclined to utility side to reduce the reading barriers that cultural-loaded words bring to the readers.
Aerial identification and quantification of nesting sites of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the mountain ranges of central Baja California Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: De León-Girón Gonzalo , Toscano Diego , Ruiz-Campos Gorgonio , Porras-Peña Catalina , Escoto-Rodríguez Fernando , Sánchez-Sotomayor Víctor Gelasio , Montes-García Celerino , Vargas-Velazco Juan , Cruz-Molina Ismael , Fisher Robert N.
Published: February 2024

Aerial census for identification and quantification of nesting sites of Golden Eagle was performed through the mountain ranges of the central Baja California Peninsula, Mexico from 5 to 8 April 2021. We identified a total of 113 nests and 12 territories of Golden Eagle on a sampling trajectory of 1,203 km that encompassed a surface of 176,000 ha. The highest abundance of nests (n = 57) was recorded between 29º and 30º N latitudes with elevations ranging between 600 and 700 m (n = 35) in the Valle de Los Cirios Protected Natural Area, which is mainly associated with mountain biotopes with steep cliffs and ample alluvial valleys that promote foraging and nesting sites for this species. The number of nests of Golden Eagle showed an inverse relationship with the altitude along a latitudinal gradient. This study reports new nesting sites of Golden Eagle in the central peninsular region that includes the mountain ranges of Matomí, Jaraguay, and La Libertad.
Feature Selection Techniques for Enhancing Credit Card Fraud Detection Performance: A Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms
Authors: Sure Pravalika , Pandey Satwik , Parnami Tanmay , Gaurang  , Saxena Aryan
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The surge in credit card usage has led to a parallel increase in fraudulent transactions, necessitating advanced detection systems. Traditional methods encounter challenges with high-dimensional and imbalanced datasets. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach integrating metaheuristic algorithms and deep learning techniques to enhance fraud detection accuracy. The first contribution, the Rock Hyrax Swarm Optimization Feature Selection (RHSOFS) algorithm, draws inspiration from the collective behaviors of rock hyrax swarms to effectively select relevant features from high-dimensional datasets. RHSOFS identifies an optimal subset of features critical for fraud detection through supervised machine learning. Complementing this, the second contribution leverages a hybrid deep learning model. Beginning by organizing transactional data and constructing a Logical Graph of Behavior Profile (LGBP) to abstract transaction details, the Modified Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (MBOA) selects important features from the dataset. The hybrid model, integrating Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), establishes rational connections between transactional characteristics, enhancing detection performance. To evaluate the approach, comparative efficiency analyses against existing methods, including Differential Evolutionary Feature Selection (DEFS), Genetic Algorithm Feature Selection (GAFS), Particle Swarm Optimization Feature Selection (PSOFS), and Ant Colony Optimization Feature Selection (ACOFS), are conducted. Results demonstrate the superiority of the approach in terms of both reliability and recognition rate, validated through rigorous statistical testing. The proposed hybrid approach signifies a significant advancement in credit card fraud detection systems, offering enhanced accuracy and efficiency in combating fraudulent activities amidst the growing complexity of transactional datasets.
Optimum Mix Design of GPC using Taguchi method
Authors: Srinivas Dilip , Suresh Dr N
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The goal of the current study is to identify geopolymer concrete as an alternative to cement-free concrete. Although there have been numerous attempts to comprehend the necessity of carbon-free concrete, cement-free concrete needs to be replaced. Bagasse ash and GGBS were utilized as the binders in the current study. Various molar concentrations of GPC concrete, including 4M, 8M, and 12M, have been cast, with boric acid being used as an admixture. The objective of the study is to identify the optimal mix design, which has been aided by the well-known Taguchi analysis method. The findings show the ideal mixture of components needed to satisfy the fresh and hardened qualities of GPC at ambient and elevated temperature. Mix design is arranged as per the L18 orthogonal array of Taguchi method. After the completion of casting of concrete specimens, it has been cured for 3days,7days ,28days. At certain days of age, the specimens gain strength. The curing has been done by the sunlight. After that specimens are subjected to elevated temperature of 200C, 400C 600C ,800C up to the duration of 2 hours then cooling the specimens. The residual strength is tabulated.
An Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Heat Treated Al6082 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Gowtham Mr. M. , Rajkumar Dr. G. , Madessh Mr. P.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In recent years, there has been an ever-increasing demand for enhancing mechanical properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs), which are finding wide applications in the field of aerospace, automobile, defense etc.,. Among all available aluminium alloys, Al6082 is extensively used owing to its excellent wear resistance and ease of processing. Newer techniques of improving the hardness and wear resistance of Al6082 by dispersing an appropriate mixture of hard ceramic powder and whiskers in the aluminium alloy are gaining popularity. The conventional aluminium based composites possess only one type of reinforcements. Addition of hard reinforcements such as silicon carbide, alumina, titanium carbide, improves hardness, strength and wear resistance of the composites. However, these composites possessing hard reinforcement do posses several problems during their machining operation. During metal matrix investigation shows higher tensile and compression value at ratio-3 (ZrO2-4% +B4C+ 2% Es 2%) due to higher mass basis reinforcement enhanced the properties of this metal matrix composites. Ratio four is 6%-ZrO2 + 3% B4C +3% Es shows highest hardness value 71 HRB. During wear investigation found the wear rate the Ratio 3 is very low wear rate occurred. Four percentage Zirconium oxide with 2% Boron carbide and 1% graphite reinforcement is occurred very low wear rate. Impact values obtain maximum at without metal matrix ratio.
Government policy and entrepreneurship preparation: The mediating role of motivation and risk perception
Authors: Sebayang Karuniana Dianta Arfiando , Wibowo Agus , Mukhtar Saparuddin , Narmaditya Bagus Shandy
Published: February 2024

Escalating the number of young entrepreneurs is challenging (Saptono et al., 2020; Maebane, 2023), and government support can be beneficial in raising the intention toward entrepreneurship. This research assessed how government policies influence the readiness of young people to become entrepreneurs and involved motivation and risk perception as mediators. As many as 360 young entrepreneurs in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta were involved in this self-administered survey research, and the hypotheses were estimated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of our study are consistent with a number of preliminary papers, which indicate that government policies not only affect the readiness of young entrepreneurs to be concerned about entrepreneurship but also increase their motivation and resilience when facing risks. The findings also show that resilience in facing risks can strengthen the influence of government policies and increase the readiness of young entrepreneurs to do business. This work furnishes insight into the vital role of government policy in increasing motivation, resilience to risk, and the readiness of young entrepreneurs to do business.
Job effectiveness and satisfaction among non-university teachers: review of an assessment instrument
Authors: Santos Rego Miguel , Godás Otero Agustín , Del Mar Lorenzo Moledo Mª , Gómez Fraguela José
Published: February 2024

Considering the development of the Social-Cognitive theory carried out by A. Bandura, this article is aimed at analyzing the characteristics of an instrument used to assess the satisfaction among teachers of primary and secondary schools, and its relationship with the beliefs or perceptions about the effectiveness of their working environment. To this end, we selected a sample made up of 500 nonuniversity teachers (250 from primary education and 250 from secondary education) from schools in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire made up of 43 closed-category questions in Likert scale format. Two confirmatory factorial analyses were performed in order to check whether the factorial structure of the scale was the expected one according to its size, which led us to a 13-item scale with a good reliability (a=.958) and validity. Moreover, the results and proper adjustment that we obtained allow us to establish a very rough framework of the influence relations between the different dimensions proposed by the final model.
Factors affecting the reproductive behaviour of the population in Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Kronberga Ginta , Jancevica-Timcenko Olga ,   Riga Gestalt Institute
Published: February 2024

The reproduction of society is affected by a series of social changes, as a result of which various objective and subjective factors influence the reproductive behaviour of its inhabitants. The purpose of the article is to study the factors influencing the reproductive behaviour of the population in Latvia. Research approach: qualitative research methods – expert interview, semi-structured interviews and document analysis, a quantitative method – questionnaire survey. It is concluded, hypothesis that subjective factors are the most important factor influencing the reproductive behaviour of the population has been confirmed. According to the respondents, the most significant factors influencing reproductive behaviour are: the desire to have children 65%, a stable partner and his support 53%, financial stability 51%. The tendency of modern society to “postpone the birth of children as late as possible” is a significant factor influencing reproductive behaviour has been confirmed. The birth of a child is delayed by the population for subjective reasons, such as uncertainty about the future, the desire to accumulate capital, to live and travel, and so on. The general population does not value their reproductive age. In general, the population does not objectively assess their reproductive age, because the average age of the respondents is 37.2 years, 40% of all respondents do not have children, but the answers show that respondents would like to have 2–3 children, in case all the conditions are favourable.
Burnout of the educators of higher education institutions: analysis of influencing factors
Authors:   University of Latvia, Mironova Julija , Sloka Biruta ,   University of Latvia, Jermolajeva Elita ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2024

Since the concept of burnout emerged in 1970’s, the scientific discussion on it is still continuing. Educators follow medical workers in the list of the professions most affected by the burnout. Social nature of the work of the educators of higher education institutions, high workload and additional duties generate stress, which may become a burnout, if not properly managed. The problem statement – there are many factors in the scientific discussion stated by authors as the ones influencing burnout. The aim of the research is to analyse different factors mentioned in the scientific literature in order to determine their relation to the symptoms of burnout and compare with real situation of academic staff in higher education institutions. In the research, the following methods were used: the analysis of scientific publications and previous conducted research and a survey on the aspects related to burnout of educators in higher education institutions. Main results indicate that COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the situation of academic staff in higher education institutions. The main findings of the paper reveal that burnout aspects are influencing members of academic staff in many higher education institutions, especially there where information about different support aspects is less available.
A hypothetical model of interactive career development in communities of practice: extracting the essence of practice from the danish "Efterskole"
Authors:   Kochi University, Japan, Morita Sachiko
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the social environment surrounding us has been changing rapidly due to globalization and advancement in technology. In addition, Career Self-Reliance has become an increasingly important aspect in an individual's career development, especially in these unprecedented times due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Related to this Career Self-Reliance, the importance of the communities of practice (hereinafter, called "CoPs") has recently been gaining attention. CoPs are defined as "A group of people who have the interest or passion in something and who learn how to do it better by interacting regularly". However, previous studies have not yet elucidated the details of the process by which participation in a CoP promotes individual career development. In addition, most of the previous research have been based on samples of working individuals and in organizations so there has been little accumulation of studies targeting young people. Therefore, this research aims to answer the following two questions based on a case study of a CoP called "Efterskole" with a sample group of young people especially in Denmark: (1)To clarify the impact of participation in CoPs on career development in youths. (2)To clarify the process of having the above mentioned impacts and construct a hypothetical model of interactive career development in communities of practice for young people. We conducted interviews and observational surveys in three Efterskoles during 2016-2017 and analysed the interview data using "Steps for Coding and Theorization". As regards research question(1), there were three main impacts of participation in CoPs on young people's career development: (a) enhancing social skills, (b) acquisition of a sense of role fulfilment in a community and (c) obtaining opportunities for exploring new perspectives for career and further learning. In particular, (a) enhancing social skills was an effect not noted in previous studies targeting adults. As regards research question(2), a hypothetical model of the interaction process that brings about the three impacts was developed. In addition, it is revealed that the three impacts are brought about by single-loop learning and double-loop learning within the community.
Functioning of the model of constructive mediation
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Portere Viktorija , Briede Baiba ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2024

The development of a constructive approach in the field of communication and education calls for the constructive approach to mediation as well. The problem is that the process of mediation is quite uniform and lacks a variety of stages and an opportunity to help clients to establish longitudinal dialogical relations. That is why the aim of the study is to reflect the basis of the Constructive mediation model (CMM) and describe its functioning. The methods of the study were theoretical analysis the model theories and five expert assessment of the model using Friedman test. The research was done investigating the findings on constructivism, conflict resolution, philosophy of dialogue, communication, pedagogy, psychology and testology with the purpose to establish CMM. The study reveals that the model functioning is provided by the following eight phases as signing a contract witha mediator, clarifying of the conflict and constructs, data processing, learning for mediation, mediation process, searching/finding the conflict resolution, repeated survey and data processing, and self-assessment of the mediator's action. The eight phases consist of such elements as setting of an aim, mediator's and mediants' roles, strategy, questionnaires, and achievable results. The definition of constructive mediation was substantiated. Five experts evaluated the usefulness of CMM in amediator’s practice according to eight criteria and their evaluations were unanimously positive. 64mediation participants and a mediator evaluated the process of mediation. The main conclusion is thatCMM provides successful conflict solving using constructive approach emphasizing the mediants' learning, self-assessment and dialogical techniques. The significance of the results is that it can be used successfully by the mediators who recognise constructivist approach in mediation taking into account the structure of the eight CMM phases and elements.
Social entrepreneurship in Latvia and its challenges
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Millere Jolanta , Miltovica Baiba ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rozniece Agnese ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2024

Social enterprises, as an interdisciplinary form of business, often face problems that traditional enterprises and civil society organizations have already overcome: lack of legal framework, complex business models, business identity problems, lack of public awareness, lack of visibility and difficulty in accessing investment markets. The name ‘social entrepreneurship’ makes it clear that it is not easy to have a business oriented towards a social goal, because ‘social’ implies that the business is directed to the goal of reducing social problems and enhancing the quality of life, which, besides being expensive, is also a complex process. The purpose of the article is to reflect the challenges faced by representatives of social entrepreneurship in Latvia: before April 1, 2018, when this type of business was non-profit, and after, when the opportunity was given to establish a profit-making social enterprise. In order to achieve the goal, following tasks are set – to provide a theoretical explanation of social entrepreneurship, as well as, with the help of empirically obtained information, to reveal the challenges faced by representatives of social entrepreneurship in Latvia. According to interviewed informants, the main challenges for social entrepreneurs in Latvia are the lack of qualified employees, institutional cooperation and funding, which would allow organizations to effectively carry out their business; in addition, difficulties are caused by situations when financing is too complex or difficult to access, and social entrepreneurship lacks public support. Rather often, social entrepreneurs lack knowledge about business risks and how to plan their business in the long term.
Energy resources cost-reducing activities in timber industry enterprises in Latvia
Authors:   Riga Technical University, Latvia, Adata Ivanda , Jurgelane-Kaldava Inguna ,   Riga Technical University, Latvia
Published: February 2024

The energy-intensive timber industry enterprises have a significant role in Latvia’s manufacturing sector, contributing to the country’s sustainable economic development. They maintain the economic well-being of residents of Latvia’s rural regions and represent a substantial proportion of output value and export volume in the manufacturing sector and the state economy. Due to surging energy prices that negatively impact production costs, it is more difficult for enterprises to compete in foreign markets. The study aims to analyse energy consumption trends in timber industry enterprises in Latvia to propose activities for reducing energy costs, thus promoting the international competitiveness of timber industry enterprises. The analysis is based on data from Europe’s power market Nord Pool and databases of the Official Statistics Portal of Latvia. Methods used: statistical data analysis using time series analysis and expert interviews. The research results show that a significant threat to the competitiveness of enterprises is the increasing price of electricity, which is the second most consumed energy resource, accounting for nearly 15% of the total annual energy consumption of timber industry enterprises. To address high electricity costs, enterprises have the opportunity to install solar panels. Calculations show that, at an electricity price of 0.198 EUR per kWh, investments could lead to a five-year payback period with an ROI of 7.52%. At a lower electricity price of 0.13 EUR per kWh, the payback period would extend to ten years but still provide a reasonable ROI of 5.2%.
Development of an improved logistics management model for fuel retail enterprises
Authors:   Riga Technical University, Latvia, Lubejs Emils , Jurgelane-Kaldava Inguna ,   Riga Technical University, Latvia
Published: February 2024

The objective of this research was to design an economically efficient logistics management model for fuel retail enterprises to improve their competitiveness. In the current global market situation, fuel retail enterprises face various challenges, such as sharp increase in raw material price, intense market competition, high price sensitivity, low profitability, and significant logistics costs. By combining theoretical and practical insights, an improved logistics management model was designed, which provides significant competitive advantage for fuel retail enterprises. The designed model incorporates and integrates three distinct logistics arrangements, resulting in considerable advantages for fuel retail enterprises. These advantages include a reduction in logistics costs and increased independency from the fluctuating logistics service expenses. To determine the economic efficiency of the designed logistics management model, it was validated by using data obtained from a fuel retail enterprise based in Sweden. Results of the research indicated that the fuel retail enterprise can anticipate an annual reduction in logistics costs ranging from 2.91% to 3.32% from the implementation of the improved logistics management model. On top of that, the developed logistics management model is projected to be economically viable until 2027, assuming the continuation of the current market trends and conditions. The findings of the research suggest that other fuel retail enterprises may also benefit from implementation of the designed model in the current market conditions.
Oil spills detection by means of infrared images and water quality data using machine learning
Authors:   Riga Technical University, Latvia, Zavtkevics Vladislavs , Gorelikovs Dmitrijs ,   Riga Technical University, Latvia
Published: February 2024

The paper presents the results of the research on oil spill detection using machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification of infrared images and Logistic regression for water quality parameters. This paper focuses on real time detection of oil spills using infrared images and water quality data obtained by RPA equipped with multi-sensor payload. The developed Naïve Bayes (NB), SVM and Logistic regression classification models for prediction of oil spill have been successfully tested in real experiment conditions. All developed classification models were tuned using grid search method and main tuning parameters to determine the optimal parameters. The proposed complex algorithm for identification of oil spills using infrared images and water quality parameters is evaluated by experiments in real environment conditions. The proposed algorithm is based on the binary SVM and NB classification of infrared images and the classification of water quality parameters using the machine learning method logistic regression allows to rapidly and with high accuracy identify any oil pollution of water. Proposed complex algorithm achieves higher accuracy and efficiency; moreover, the developed machine learning models will further reduce the probability of human error and save man-hours of work.
Hydroxy gas as an additive for improvement of exhaust emissions of internal combustion engines – a review
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Amatnieks Karlis , Birkavs Aivars ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Smigins Ruslans ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2024

Lowering emissions expelled from internal combustion engines has been the focus of researchers worldwide. Adding hydroxy gas to current internal combustion engines can be an effective way of lowering CO2, CO, HC and particle emissions, as well as improve combustion. Because of this, a review of previously conducted research on the addition of hydroxy gas to different internal combustion engines has been produced. During this review, it was concluded that addition of hydroxy gas can be an effective way of lowering fuel consumption and CO, CO2 and HC emissions in petrol engines, as well as fuel consumption and CO and HC emissions in diesel engines.