bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Остеологические материалы городища Уфа-2 (исследования 2013 и 2016 гг.)
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS, Romanov Aleksey A.
Published: January 2021

Goals. The article discusses results of studies that dealt with osteological collections obtained during excavations at Ufa-2 hillfort in 2013 and 2016. Special attention is paid to the dynamics in livestock structure during the period of the monument’s functioning. Results. Analysis of the bone material distribution in the cultural layer of the once inhabited part of the monument makes it possible to clarify the consistent pattern revealed earlier through materials of 2017 excavations. The lower stratum of the cultural layer (stage 1) is dominated by bones of sheep and goats, while the upper ones (stage 2) witness a decrease in the share thereof accompanied by a gradual increase in the number of horse bones. Stage 3 identified in 2017 is not clearly distinguishable in the materials obtained in 2013, which might be due to a violation of the cultural layer integrity in the area and employed methods of osteological materials selecting. 2016 archaeological survey of the moat gave rise to a hypothesis that the fortification (moat) was built in the 3rd–4th centuries AD and functioned for one or two centuries only to be further repeatedly filled with soil taken from the inhabited part of the site. Conclusions. Analysis of osteological collections from undisturbed layers of the moat (backfilling stages 1 and 2) shows that chronologically stage 1 can be correlated to an increase in the amount of Turbasli culture and Romanovka type ceramics in the cultural layer of the inhabited areas. And stage 2 may have taken shape by the middle or end of the chronological period. Thus, the findings confirm and clarify the hypothesis proposed on the basis of the analysis of archaeological data conducted.
Новый фрагмент санскритской Саддхармапундарика-сутры из Хотана
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the RAS, Mesheznikov Artem V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The collection of Sanskrit manuscripts of the Lotus Sutra is a richest one in the Serindian Collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (RAS, 27 call numbers). Most of the fragments of the Sanskrit Lotus Sutra from the Serindian Collection belong to the Central Asian edition, including the famous Kashgar manuscript by N. F. Petrovsky that is the most extensive version of the Sutra (about 400 folios) and the core of the Sanskrit manuscripts containing the text of ‘Saddharmapuṇḍarīka’. Most of the Sanskrit manuscripts of the Lotus Sutra in the Serindian Collection were compiled in the southern oases of the Tarim Basin and made in poṭhī format. The texts of these manuscripts were written in Southern Turkestan Brāhmī in black ink on paper. According to paleographic data, these manuscripts can be dated to the 8th–9th centuries AD. Goals. The article seeks to introduce into academic circulation a new fragment of the Sanskrit Lotus Sutra from the Serindian Collection of the IOM (RAS). The new unpublished fragment of the Lotus Sutra stored under call number SI 6584 has been identified relatively recently. It is an excerpt from Chapter XVIII of the Lotus Sutra (‘The Chapter Describing the Religious Merit [Obtained through] Joyful Participation [in Dharma]’, ‘Anumodanāpuṇyanirdeśaparivartaḥ’). According to paleographic and codicological characteristics, the new fragment is very close to another previously published manuscript of the Lotus Sutra stored in the Serindian Collection under call number SI 1934. The article describes the external features of both manuscripts (SI 1934 and SI 6584), transliterates, translates and compares fragment SI 6584 to the other well-known texts of the Lotus Sutra. The paper also contains a facsimile reproduction of fragment SI 6584. Conclusions. As compared to other texts of the Lotus Sutra, fragment SI 6584 belongs to the Central Asian edition of ‘Saddharmapuṇḍarīka’, and its text is almost identical to that of the Kashgar manuscript by N. F. Petrovsky (fol. 335b–337a).
Тибетское наследие в цифровом пространстве: подходы и реализации
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Rinchinov Oleg S.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The Tibetan-language written tradition is a most significant and distinctive cultural phenomenon of global significance, both in terms of amount and content, and in sophisticated approaches to classification and systematization. In recent decades, numerous projects have been initiated which aimed at digitizing the Tibetan heritage. Goals. The study seeks to identify and evaluate methodological and instrumental approaches to the presentation of Tibetan-language monuments in the global information space. Materials and Methods. The work includes a comparative analysis of the most successful international initiatives intended for preservation and actualization of the Tibetan written culture with the aid of modern information technologies. Firstly, these projects are interesting from the perspective of initial motivations of participants, characteristics of their target audience, and main methodologies implemented. Secondly, particular attention is paid to the consideration of the technical backend of the projects and certain specific features of the frontend information resources created within their framework, namely, online databases and web portals. Results. The analysis reveals the initiatives have been based on a variety of academic, religious and social motives that define both the target audience and organizational and methodological approaches. Thus, digital adaptation of the Tibetan written tradition appears in aspects of preservation of cultural heritage, actualization of its religious and social significance, historical reconstruction of cultural interaction in Central, Southern and Eastern Asia. The paper also clarifies that the proposed information resources form a continuous digital environment that gives a holistic representation of the content, history and current state of Tibetan written culture. Conclusions. The digital initiatives under consideration not only make an invaluable contribution to the development of academic Tibetan studies but also provide a form of social, informational and educational support to native communities spread across different countries and involved in Tibetan culture. With the use of the methodological and information technology developments described in the article, organizations that deal with the problems of preserving and studying historical and cultural heritage around the world could plan or correct their activities in the digital sphere.
Мансийские исследования: от истоков к современности
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Koshelyuk Natalia A. ,   Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article reviews background studies on the Mansi language and its dialects performed by European and Russian (Soviet) linguists. Goals. The paper seeks to provide a comprehensive historical description of Mansi language research. Methods. The descriptive and comparative-historical methods have been employed thereto. Results. The work arranges the studies chronologically — from earliest research activities to contemporary ones — highlighting most essential achievements. Mansi is one of the least studied languages with earliest written accounts dating to the 16th-17th centuries. The earliest Mansi dictionaries were compiled by explorers and missionaries (I. Kuroedov, S. Cherkalov, P. S. Pallas, etc.) in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Mansi language officially became a subject of scientific research, and expeditions by Finnish and Hungarian linguists (Antal Reguly, August Engelbrekt Ahlqvist, Bernát Munkácsi, Artturi Kannisto) proved the first field studies. In the 20th century, quite a number of European scientists have contributed to Mansi language research, namely: W. Steinitz, L. Honti, K. F. Кarjalainen, M. Bakró-Nagy, K. Rédei, M. Szilasi, and others. In Russia, the first Mansi studies were initiated by Soviet scholars in the 1930s (V. Chernetsov, A. Balandin). Studies in spoken Mansi evolved into a national Cyrillic alphabet, and for the first time ever there were published comprehensive works dealing with Mansi studies, textbooks on Mansi phonetics, morphology, and grammar. Experimental phonetic explorations emerged in the mid-to-late 20th century resulting in new Mansi dictionaries (A. Sainakhova, T. FrankKamenetskaya, E. Rombandeeva, and others). Mansi studies in the 21st century in Russia and Europe have reached a brand new level: there appeared online research laboratories and linguistic platforms which make it possible to further investigate the Mansi language and verify up-to-date materials.
Репрезентация гендера в лексической системе башкирского языка
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS, Ishkildina Linara K.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The Bashkir language ― like other Turkic languages ― contains no category of grammatical gender explicitly associated with the gender of animate nouns. There are only lexical means of gender designation. Goals. In this regard, the article attempts to study features of the lexical means employed to represent sex (gender) in the Bashkir language. Materials and Methods. The insight into specifics of gender in the Bashkir language includes the use of certain research methods, such as the method of continuous sampling, the comparative one, and that of statistical analysis. Results. The linguistic analysis reveals that the meaning of sex (gender) in the Bashkir language is manifested by lexical-semantic (gender-marked lexemes, with qualifier words) and derivational means. Semantics of male and female gender in Bashkir discourse is to be traced in such lexical and semantic groups as terms of kinship, family relations, names of professions, anthroponyms. Basically, gender in the Bashkir language is represented by separate multi-root lexemes. However, there are also some kinship terms and anthroponyms denoting females which are derived from masculine names. The same phenomenon is observed in borrowed names of professions when a female specialty term derives from a masculine form with the aid of the affix -ә. In the original vocabulary, there is no gender differentiation according to professional affiliation. Here, to concretize a person’s gender qualifier words that contain gender semantics ― qatyn ‘woman’, ir ‘man’, apaj ‘sister, aunt’, qyδ ‘girl’, and others ― are used. The study emphasizes there are obvious gender asymmetries in the Bashkir language since resulting from the prevalence of words to express the concepts ‘man’ and ‘masculine’, and the lack of lexemes representing the concepts ‘woman’ and ‘feminine’. This attests to androcentricity of the Bashkir language.
Мотив «богатырский поединок (сражение)» и его вариативный ряд в эпосах монгольских народов
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University, Khabunova Evdokia E. , Dampilova Ludmila S. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Ayuushzhaviyin Alimaa ,   Institute of Language and Literature, Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article examines the motif of heroic duel (combat) as an important segment of the epic plot, and our comparative analysis of the nuclear basis of the motif and its variation list proves instrumental in delineating a structural-meaningful model motif invariant inherent to the epic of Mongolic peoples and depicting military conflicts. The issue has never been dealt with in this perspective. Goals. The work seeks to determine a variation row of the invariant motif in national epic traditions of Buryats, Kalmyks, Mongols, and Oirats. Materials. The variation row to be extracted from Mongolic epic narratives, namely: Buryat uligers of Abai Geser (Ungin version of P. Petrov) and Abai Geser Khubun (Ekhirit-Bulagat version of M. Emegenov), Baga Dorbet and Eelyan Ovla’s cycles of the Kalmyk Epic of Jangar, Xinjiang Oirat version of the Jangar, Oirat Mongolian tuuli texts titled Daini Kyurel and Khan Kharangui, and a Khalkha tuuli titled Agiyin Ulan Khan. Methods. To identify the typology and variable interpretations of the motif, the study uses elements of the comparative-typological and comparative-historical methods. The ‘heroic duel (combat)’ motif model is viewed as an element that hypothetically can act as the most important lever within the plot development mechanism, e.g., evolving from a motif ― a ‘simplest narrative unit’ ― to a plot, and vice versa. When it comes to identify the motif, its dualistic nature, variety of its properties and features noted by Russian and foreign scientists are taken into account. Results. The comparative insight into the motif of heroic duel (combat) makes it possible to single out the motif as an essential constructive and meaningful element of the plot, examine the degree of productivity and mobility of the motif in genetically related though stadially differing epics, as well as in ones belonging to various taletelling traditions, observe heroic confrontation patterns in epics of Mongolic peoples. Conclusions. The study concludes that motif invariants tend to form a plot basis, while motif variants express certain features (stadial, national, local) of each epic tradition.
Capacidades emprendedoras en población de la base de la pirámide en Cúcuta, Colombia
Authors: Albornoz Arias Neida , Contreras Velásquez Julio César , Espinosa Castro Jhon Franklin , Sotelo Barrios Mauricio Enrique
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo estudia las capacidades emprendedoras en población de la Base de la Pirámide (BoP) en Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la percepción de la habilidad para detectar y aprovechar oportunidades para la mejora de los resultados (variable dependiente) y las variables independientes: género, edad, nivel educativo, perfil ocupacional, pasión, visión, capacidad de aprendizaje, logro de resultados, determinación, creatividad e innovación, persistencia, trabajo en equipo, liderazgo, autoestima, asumir riesgos y organización. Se desarrolló bajo el paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando un muestreo no probabilístico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 197 emprendedores con edades entre 18 y 60 años. En la recolección de datos se empleó una encuesta estructurada y luego se hizo un análisis multivariante a través de una regresión categórica con escalamiento óptimo (CatReg). Las medidas de importancia relativa de Pratt, muestran la importancia de los predictores: 1) persistencia; 2) visión; 3) organización y 4) logro de resultados, aportan el 86.4 % del modelo para explicar la variable dependiente. Se observa la ausencia de la variable creatividad e innovación, indispensable para un emprendimiento por oportunidad, sostenible en el tiempo; así como otras variables.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SMAN 7 AND SMAN 8 PADANG IN LEARNING SKILLS USING LEARNING MEDIA CHARACTER BASED
Authors: Mana Lira Hayu Afdetis
Published: January 2021

Nilai bahasa Indonesia siswa di SMAN 7 dan SMAN 8 Padang masih banyak berada di bawah KKM. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kurangnya minat siswa dalam pembelajaran menyimak dan masih banyak guru yang belum menggunakan media dalam proses pembelajaran. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut diadakan IbM (Iptek bagi Masyarakat) dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis karakter.  Tujuan pelaksanaan IbM ini adalah: (a) memberikan media pembelajaran berbasis karakter yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran menyimak pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia, (b) meningkatkan pemahaman tentang konsep pembelajaran menyimak dalam kurikulum 2013, (c) memberikan pelatihan terhadap guru untuk ikut membuat dan mengaplikasikan media pembelajaran berbasis karakter. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan Iptek bagi Masyarakat  ini adalah pelatihan atau pembimbingan terhadap guru SMAN 7 dan SMAN 8 Padang untuk dapat menggunakan media pembelajaran menyimak berbasis karakter. Media pembelajaran berbasis karakter tersebut tersedia dalam bentuk audiovisual yang bisa didapatkan dari internet namun terdapat nilai pendidikan karakter di dalamnya. Media tersebut ditranskripkan  dalam modul pembelajaran. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan selama delapan kali pertemuan pada masing-masing sekolah dan melibatkan empat orang guru bahasa Indonesia dari masing-masing sekolah tersebut. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah guru bahasa Indonesia di SMAN 7 dan SMA 8 Padang dapat menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis karakter dalam pembelajaran menyimak.
New Chapters in the History of St. Petersburg School of Psychology
Authors: Loginova Natal'ya
Published: January 2021

The history of St. Petersburg school of psychology has not been sufficiently studied if compared to foreign and Moscow scientific schools. The article provides new specific information on the institutionalization of psychology in Leningrad in the postwar period due to the establishment of the department and division, and later on, in 1966, the Faculty of Psychology at Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) State University. The author specifies the facts regarding the influence of historical cataclysms, postwar political events, ideological campaigns on the deve­lopment of psychological science and education: The Great Patriotic war, “the struggle against cosmopolitanism”, Joint Session of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences focused on the teachings of I.P. Pavlov, changes in the country’s situation and sciences during the “Soviet thaw”, etc. The consequences of these events resulted in the abrupt suspension of communications with foreign colleagues in 1948. The reestablishment and expansion of international contacts occurred in the second half of the 1950s.

The information concerning the scientific school staff and B.G. Ananyev’s remarkable contribution to the school focused establishment in the course of his hard daily work as Head of Psychology Department at the university, Dean of the Faculty of Psychology, and Director of the Research Institute of Pedagogy has been supplemented. The facts about B.G. Ananyev’s initiatives to create the Institute of Comprehensive Social Studies within Leningrad University, the laboratory of differential psychology and anthropology, and to organize comprehensive studies of human individuality have been documented. The author establishes the date when Ananyev began vigo­rously writing his book “Man as a Subject of Cognition” (1963).

The development of St. Petersburg school of psychology was uneven, often against the odds. The collective work style at school was democratic and creative. The school educated professional psychologists; the best of them became prominent figures in the national science. The article presents a new periodization of St. Petersburg school of psychology, which identifies the Bekhterev, post-Bekhterev, Ananyev and post-Ananyev development periods.
Studies of Paleometallic Era Burial Monuments on the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Islands
Authors: Solov'eva Elena , Gnezdilova Irina , Nesterkina Anastasiya , Solov'ev Aleksandr
Published: January 2021

The study is focused on the cultural contacts between the population of the Korean Peninsula and that of the Japanese islands during the Paleometallic Era based on the materials of the mound-type burial monuments. The time span under study corresponds to Yayoi and Kofun periods in Japan and the Three Kingdoms period in Korea. Field studies of archaeological sites in the Republic of Korea and Japan allow identifying the shapes of barrow mounds characteristic of the Japanese islands solely as well as those found in both territories. In recent years, fragments of clay figures similar to the Japanese Haniva have been discovered at the monuments located on the Korean Peninsula. The comparative study of plot-figure ceramics allowed identifying similar images and plots: dwelling structures, boats, birds, deer, etc. The wooden intra-grave structures – wells and composite coffins used for burials – were found analogous. The use of wood for burials in ancient Japan has been attributed to the influence of migrants from the Korean Peninsula. The excavations of the Kyo-dong Songhyo-dong burial mound in the south of the Korean

Peninsula have revealed traces of contacts with the population of the Japanese islands. The Kyo-dong Songhyo-dong burial ground belongs to the Japanese Senzuka burial monuments, which are burial mounds comprising hundreds or thousands of small circular mounds closely adjoi­ning each other. The similar sites found in central Japan and in the south of the Korean Peninsula attest to the close relationships between the two territories.
All-Russian Online Conference with International Participation — “Historic Outcomes of the Second World War in Terms of Current Issues” (Moscow, September 9, 2020)
Authors: Bagdasaryan Vardan , Fedorchenko Sergey
Published: January 2021

All-Russian online conference with international participation was held at Moscow Region State University. The conference agenda was determined by the need to uncover attempts to falsify the history of the Second World War and to revise its outcomes. Through the participation of specialists in the field of political science and history, the conference had an interdisciplinary character. The article presents the event analytical review in the context of assessing the scientific and political relevance of the issues raised at the conference. The speakers’ practical proposals to counteract falsification of history are presented in general terms.
Documentary Films on the Ethnic Studies of the Ainu People in the Collections of Sakhalin Museums and Archives
Authors: Golovnev Ivan
Published: January 2021

The article is based on visual-anthropological materials from the Sakhalin archives and museums collected by the author during his expedition undertaken in June–August 2019. In addition to the general review of the filmography with respect to the Ainu ethnic studies of the first half of the 20th century, this study is focused on two major documentary films: “Traditional Life and Rites of the Ainu people” (Japan, 1920) and “Across Sakhalin” (USSR, 1948). These films, being unique records of material and spiritual culture of the Ainu people living on Hokkaido and Sakhalin, who were earlier an authentic ethnic group, but currently assimilated into the Japanese environment, are introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. The cinematic works are analyzed in the historical and anthropological context against the study results of the scholars studying the Ainu people. The paper provides a conclusion about the archival films being multi-layered documentary films of their time that upon proper scholarly criticism can be valuable historical sources of scientific interest with respect to a wide range of humanitarian studies.
The Eastern Vector – Priority Course of Russia’s Demographic Development
Authors: Rybakovskiy Leonid , Rybakovskiy Oleg , Fadeeva Tamara
Published: January 2021

The article covers the historical determinism of Russia’s choice of priority courses in terms of its subsequent centuries-long development. Being not only a European country but also an Asian one, Russia has developed into the largest country in the world, gaining access to the Pacific Ocean, expanding the opportunities for large-scale fleet development and extraction of coastal shelf resources. It has grown into the country rich in its natural resources. The necessity for large-scale integration of natural resources in the national economy along with the strengthening the Asian geopolitical status of the country was fully recognized in the Soviet years as evidenced by the successful settlement of Siberia and the Far East. The article states that in the 1990s Russia lost a number of benchmarks serving as boosters for its geopolitical status and economic po­wer. The paper provides evidence that for many decades the life expectancy level in Siberia and the Far East has been below its average level within the country, which remains a major determinant of migration outflows and the population decline in these regions of Russia. The authors present approaches to form the strategy of demographic development with respect to the eastern part of the country. The strategy proceeds from the need to ensure continuous growth of the demographic potential and at the same time to address ethnic, natural, geographical, geopolitical, and other conditions of the regions, which largely determine the specific character of population dynamics, its settlement, and much more.
Logical Culture Phenomenon in Russia: the Past and the Present
Authors: Popova Varvara , Pushkarskiy Anatoliy , Sirotkina Lyudmila
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the study results with respect to the logical culture phenomenon. The concept definition has been formulated and the levels of logic existence in culture have been determined as part of studies. The personal level of logical culture being an integral feature of intellectual activities, the basic component of which is the logical thinking culture, has been determined and characterized. The structure of such thinking culture is presented as a reflection of the thin­king process macrostructure and is characterized by its substantive, procedural, and personal components. The forms of logical thinking culture have been identified and described. They are trivial prological, reflexive, and professional-methodological forms.

The authors bring into focus the cultural and historical conditionalism of personal logical culture, thus the development of the latter is seen in the historical context; the characteristics of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods are analyzed. The paper describes the specific character of the current state of translational and cumulative levels of logic existence in the Russian cultural space and reveals the emergence of an unfavorable cultural and educational environment to promote logical culture as the basis for rationality.

The authors find philosophical practices integrating formal, informal, and non-formal education opportunities as a prospective way to develop logical culture. In this model, the discipline of logic and its professional teaching are seen as a relevant tool and a prerequisite to preserve the traditions of logical culture and to form a high level of rational thought and action.
Winding Paths of Scientific Careers
Authors: Dmitriev Igor'
Published: January 2021

The paper covers studies of initial stages of scientists’ career paths in a crisis and/or moderni­zed society. The major focus is made on the following topics: impact of a crisis situation and/or a modernized society on any individual’s choice of the career and influence of personal protected space parameters on scientist’s career development.

The studies include three thematic clusters: 1. Careers of natural scientists in the period of development of the profession of a scientist (in the context of England of the second half of the 17th century). The biographies of R. Boyle and R. Hooke were selected as references. 2. The career of a Russian scientist in 18–19th centuries. The biographies of M.V. Lomonosov and D.I. Mendeleev were selected as references. 3. German scientists during the Third Reich: creative activities and career development. The biography of P. Debye was selected as a reference.

The presented historical examples along with an extensive array of sources (including archives) demonstrate that despite any individual differences in the career paths of the scientists living in the crisis and/or modernized societies in different countries and eras, the personal determinants of their career paths are in a certain way similar, namely:

— the ability to distance oneself from other people (at least mentally);

— the ability to represent one’s professional distinctiveness and irreplaceability;

— the ability to make thematic research choices that are scientifically, career-wise, and socially successful;

— the ability to stand up for personal scientific and life interests and priorities (even at the expense of generally accepted moral norms);

— the ability to resort to protectionist resources and, if necessary, political rhetoric and dema­gogy with the purpose to carry out scientific works.
Everyday Practical Texts in Medieval Scandinavia and Ancient Rus’
Authors: Gimon Timofey , Mel'nikova Elena
Published: January 2021

The paper is focused on the comparative study of Scandinavian everyday runic texts (inscribed on wooden rods, bones, and other cheap materials) dated back the end of 11–14th centuries (of which most were found in Bergen) and old Russian birch bark manuscripts dd. 11–15th centuries (originated mainly from Novgorod). The authors compare diverse types and varieties of documents as well as their share in both text corpuses. While they are rather similar in general, there are a number of essential differences, the major of which is the almost complete lack of business documents in the Scandinavian materials, abundantly available in Novgorod. The authors explain this fact in the context of both various origins of the everyday writing in Scandinavia and Rus’ (pre-Christian and “personal” origins of runic writing vs. the essential role of Christianity and princely power in the development of writing within Rus’) and diverse historical conditions in medieval Bergen and Novgorod (in Novgorod, in contrast to Bergen, communications with the extensive peripheral territories played a significant role).
Structural optimization of the hydraulic drive of a mobile transport and reloading rope complex based on pareto-optimal solutions
Authors:   Bryansk Automobile Plant JSC, Tarichko V.I.
Published: January 2021

The article proposes a method of structural optimization of the hydraulic drive of mobile transport and reloading rope complexes based on special multi-axle chassis with increased carrying capacity and cross-country ability. At present, this type of technological machines can be considered as a new class of technological overground transport vehicles, which is an effective alternative to stationary freight ropeways for hard-to-reach areas with difficult terrain and, if necessary, the rapid deployment of transport and logistics operations. An algorithm for the formation of the Pareto set is considered, which consists of a variety of alternative versions of the hydraulic drive based on a combination of positive displacement pumps and hydraulic motors of permissible standard sizes. A criterion for choosing the Pareto-optimal solutions of the designed hydraulic drive is proposed, based on three quality indicators — the total mass of the hydraulic machines, the specific power and the efficiency of the hydraulic drive.
Method for calculating the spectral density of the moment resistance on the working body of the road mill machine
Authors:   Tver State Technical University, Fomin K.V.
Published: January 2021

Milling units are widely used in the construction and repair of roads. They guarantee high quality of work, have high productivity and make it possible to provide comprehensive mechanization of technological operations. During operation, significant dynamic loads occur in the drive elements and the design of the units, which leads to a deterioration in reliability indicators and a decrease in the technical and economic characteristics of their operation. Improving the reliability and efficiency of milling units is an problem, the solution of which is associated with the opportunity to predict the character and magnitude of the operating loads in the structural elements. The main source of these loads is the working body. At the same time, the forces of external resistance that arise during operation are sharply variable, random in nature. The article presents a method for calculating the spectral density and moment dispersion at the design stage. It takes into consideration the periodic character of the interaction of the cutters with the road surface, as well as random conditions and modes of operation of the milling unit. The article focuses on determining the initial data required for the calculation. The obtained expressions are analyzed and the main characteristic features of the mill loads are considered. The considered characteristics are the initial data for the dynamic analysis of the drive elements and the unit structure, as well as for strength calculations.
Prospective study of anxiety, post-traumatic stress and depression on postural control, gait, otolith and visuospatial function in military service members with persistent post-concussive symptoms
Authors:   Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico U.S., Lewandowski Andrew ,   Emmes, Rockville, Maryland U.S., Weaver Lindell K. ,   Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, and Intermountain LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah U.S.,   Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah U.S.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Military service members often report both affective and vestibular complaints after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but associations between symptoms and vestibular deficits can be subtle and inconsistent. Methods: From two complementary studies, one of military service members with persistent post-concussive symptoms after mTBI (NCT01611194) and the other of adult volunteers with no history of brain injury (NCT01925963), affective symptoms were compared to postural control, gait, otolith and visuospatial function. Results: The studies enrolled 71 participants with mTBI and 75 normative controls. Participants with mTBI had significantly reduced postural equilibrium on the sensory organization test (SOT), and more so in those with high anxiety or post-traumatic stress. Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP; oVEMP) showed prolonged latencies in mTBI participants compared to controls; oVEMPs were significantly delayed in mTBI participants with high anxiety, post-traumatic stress or depression. A subset of the mTBI group had abnormal tandem gait and high anxiety. Anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and depression did not correlate with performance on the 6-Minute Walk Test, visuospatial neuropsychological measures, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale in the mTBI group. Conclusions: In this study military service members with mTBI reported affective symptoms, concurrently with vestibular-balance concerns. Worse scores on affective measures were associated with abnormal findings on measures of postural control, gait and otolith function.
Absence of association between 2019–20 influenza vaccination and COVID-19: results of the European I-MOVE-COVID-19 primary care project, March–August 2020
Authors: Kissling Esther , Hooiveld Mariette , Brytting Mia , Vilcu Ana-Maria , Lange Marit de , Martínez-Baz Iván , Sigerson Debbie , Enkirch Theresa , Behillil Sylvie , Meijer Adam , Castilla Jesus , William Naoma , Carnahan AnnaSara , Falchi Alessandra , Hendriksen Janneke , Buesa Itziar Casado , Murray Josie , ENOUF Vincent , Dijkstra Frederika , Marques Diogo , Valenciano Marta
Published: January 2021

Background Claims of influenza vaccination increasing COVID-19 risk are
circulating. Within the I-MOVE-COVID-19 primary care multicentre study,
we measured the association between 2019–20 influenza vaccination and
COVID-19. Methods We conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control
study at primary care level, in study sites in five European countries,
from March–August 2020. Patients presenting with acute respiratory
infection were swabbed, with demographic, 2019–20 influenza vaccination
and clinical information documented. Using logistic regression we
measured the adjusted odds ratio (aOR), adjusting for study site and
age, sex, calendar time, presence of chronic conditions. The main
analysis included patients swabbed ≤7 days after onset from the three
countries with <15% of missing influenza vaccination. In
secondary analyses, we included five countries, using multiple
imputation with chained equations to account for missing data. Results
We included 257 COVID-19 cases and 1631 controls in the main analysis
(three countries). The overall aOR between influenza vaccination and
COVID-19 was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.66–1.32). The aOR was 0.92 (95% CI:
0.58–1.46) and 0.92 (95%CI: 0.51–1.67) among those aged 20–59 and
≥60 years, respectively. In secondary analyses, we included 6457 cases
and 69272 controls. The imputed aOR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79–0.95) among
all ages and any delay between swab and symptom onset. Conclusions There
was no evidence that COVID-19 cases were more likely to be vaccinated
against influenza than controls. Influenza vaccination should be
encouraged among target groups for vaccination. I-MOVE-COVID-19 will
continue documenting influenza vaccination status in 2020-21, in order
to learn about effects of recent influenza vaccination.
Flexible magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging versus colposcopy for diagnosing uterine cervical neoplasms: a multicenter, prospective, non-randomized, paired comparison study
Authors: Kobara Hideki , Uchita Kunihisa , Uedo Noriya , Kunikata Jun , Yorita Kenji , Tada Naoya , Nishiyama Noriko , Shigehisa Yuriko , Kuroiwa Chihiro , Matsuura Noriko , Takahashi Yohei , Kai Yuka , Hanaoka Uiko , Kiyohara Yumiko , Kamiura Shoji , Kanenishi Kenji , Masaki Tsutomu , Hirano Koki
Published: January 2021

Objective To investigate the detection ability of flexible magnifying
endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) for cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia grade two or worse (CIN2+) compared with colposcopy. Design
Multicenter, prospective, non-randomized, paired comparison study.
Setting Three Japanese medical centers. Population Japanese women.
Methods Eligible patients had positive PAP smear test results,
suspicious high-grade CIN in previous colposcopy, or definitive CIN3
diagnosed previously. A gastrointestinal endoscopist examined the cervix
using ME-NBI in an endoscopy room and, subsequently, a gynecologist
blinded to the ME-NBI findings performed colposcopy in a different room.
CIN2+ locations were documented in a scheme immediately after each
examination. Punch biopsy samples were obtained from all areas diagnosed
as CIN2+ with both methods and from one normal area. The reference
standard was the presence of at least one histological diagnosis of
CIN2+ among all biopsy specimens. Main outcome measures The primary
outcome was the detection sensitivity of patients with CIN2+, comparing
ME-NBI and colposcopy. Results We enrolled 88 patients. The detection
sensitivity for patients with CIN2+ was not statistically different
between the two methods (both: 79%, 95% CI: 66%–88%). For
diagnosing CIN2+, ME-NBI tended to show a higher sensitivity than
colposcopy (69% vs. 58%, respectively), while its specificity tended
to be lower vs. colposcopy (55% vs. 70%, respectively). Patients
reported significantly less discomfort and embarrassment with ME-NBI vs.
colposcopy. Conclusion ME-NBI showed comparable sensitivity to
colposcopy for detecting CIN2+ lesions, and ME-NBI was more
patient-acceptable.
Analysis of Energetics and Economics of Sub-ambient Hybrid Post-Combustion CO2 Capture
Authors: DeWitt Stephen , Awati Rohan , Landa Héctor Rubiera , Park Jongwoo , Kawajiri Yoshiaki , Sholl David , Realff Matthew , Lively Ryan
Published: January 2021

Adsorption of CO2 from post-combustion flue gas is one of the leading
candidates for globally-impactful carbon capture systems. This work
highlights opportunities and limitations of sub-ambient CO2 capture
processes utilizing a multi-stage separation process. A hybrid process
design using a combination of pressure-driven separation of CO2 from
flue gas followed by CO2-rich product liquefaction to produce high
purity (>99%) CO2 at pipeline conditions is considered.
The economic viability of applying pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
processes using fiber sorbent contactors with internal heat management
were found to be most influenced by the productivity of the adsorption
system. Three exemplar fiber sorbents (MIL-101(Cr), UiO-66, and zeolite
13X) were considered for application in the sub-ambient process of PSA
unit. MIL-101(Cr) and UiO-66 fiber composites were estimated to have
costs of capture as low as $61/tonne CO2.
Public Knowledge of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: YABEYU Abdella Birhan , Haile Kaleab , Belay Yared , Tegegn Henok
Published: January 2021

Aim: Awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes general
knowledge of CKD and its risk factors. The current study aimed at
assessing the public knowledge of CKD by using a validated tool.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The
target population of this study was lay public, and health professionals
were excluded from the study. Proportional numbers of study participants
were included from each sub-city based on their total population size.
The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Frequencies, table’s
percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe
participants’ responses: Independent T-test and one way ANOVA statics
was used to identify factors associated with public knowledge of CKD.
Results: A total of 350 individuals were approached, 301 of whom
completed and returned the questionnaire, giving a response rate of
86%. In this study, the mean (S.D.) knowledge score of participants was
11.12 (±4.21), with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 22. Concerning the
distribution of the CKD knowledge score, half of the respondents score
11 and less. One way ANOVA revealed that educational level had a
significant effect on knowledge of CKD. Respondents who had an
educational background of degree had relatively higher knowledge scores
than the other category participants (P-value= 0.015). An independent
t-test was also performed but failed to reveal any association between
socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge score. Conclusions: The
general knowledge level of the Ethiopian population about CKD and its
risk factors is low. Currently, non-communicable disease such as
diabetes and hypertension becomes public health concern and are one of
the significant risk factors for CKD. As the study indicated, even these
groups of populations were not adequately informed regarding their
increased risk of developing CKD. Keywords: chronic kidney disease,
public knowledge, Ethiopia
Oxidative stress and schizophrenia: A comparative cross-sectional study of multiple oxidative markers in patients and their first-degree relatives
Authors: Guler Eray , Calis Ayse Kurtulmus , Gul Ayse Zehra , Kocyigit Abdurrahim , Kirpinar Ismet
Published: January 2021

Objective: Schizophrenia(SCZ) is a heritable severe mental disorder with
unknown pathogenic mechanisms. It is known that oxidative stress(OS)
plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of SCZ. Our study aimed to
evaluate whether there is a relationship between the severity of illness
and OS biomarkers in SCZ patients and first-degree-relatives of
patients(FDRs). Methods: This study included 50 adult patients with SCZ,
50 unaffected FDRs, and 50 controls. OS biomarkers,
myeloperoxidase(MPO), total oxidant status(TOS), total antioxidant
status(TAS), total thiol(TT), and native thiol(NT) levels were measured
by different photometric methods. Disulfide(DS) and oxidative stress
index(OSI) were calculated with mathematical formulas. Results: TOS, DS,
and OSI levels were significantly higher, and TAS, TT, and NT levels
were lower in SCZ and FDRs than controls. In SCZ group, MPO activity was
higher compared to relatives and controls. Results in this study did not
provide a strong correlation between Positive&Negative Syndrome
Scale(PANSS) and other biomarkers. There was just a low negative
correlation between TT and PANSS in SCZ group(p=0,041,r=-0,297).
Conclusion: OS increased significantly in SCZ, and FDRs increased
slightly than controls, indicating the presence of OS in the etiology of
the disease. High OS may be an effective factor for SCZ in later years.
Past, present and future geographic range of the relict Mediterranean and Macaronesian Juniperus phoenicea complex
Authors: Salvà-Catarineu Montserrat , Romo Angel , Mazur Małgorzata , Zielińska Monika , Minissale Pietro , Dönmez Ali , Boratyńska Krystyna , Boratyński Adam
Published: January 2021

Aim The aim of this study is to model the past, current and future
distribution of J. phoenicea s.s., J. turbinata and J. canariensis,
based on bioclimatic variables using a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) in
the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions. Location Mediterranean and
Macaronesian Taxon Cupressaceae, Juniperus Methods Data on the
occurrence of the J. phoenicea complex was obtained from the GBIF, the
literature, herbaria, and the authors’ field notes. The bioclimatic
variables were obtained from the WorldClim database
(http://worldclim.org/) and Paleoclim (http://www.paleoclim.org/). The
climate data related to species localities were used for predictions of
niches by implementation of MaxEnt and we evaluated the model with
ENMeval. Results The potential niches of Juniperus phoenicea during the
LIG, LGM and MH covered 30%, 10% and almost 100%, respectively, of
the current potential niche. Climate warming could reduce potential
niches by 30% and 90% in scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively.
The potential niches of Juniperus turbinata had a broad
circum-Mediterranean and Canarian distribution during the LIG and the
MH, extending its distribution during the LGM when it was found in more
areas than at present; the predicted warming in scenario RCP2.6 and
RCP8.5 could reduce the current potential niche by 30% and 50%,
respectively. The model did not find suitable niches for J. canariensis
during the LIG and the LGM, but during the MH its potential niche was
30% larger than at present. The climate warming scenario RCP2.6
indicates a reduction of the potential niche by 30%, while RCP8.5 does
so by almost 60%. Main conclusions This research can provide
information to increase the protection of the juniper forest and to try
to counteract the phenomenon of local extinctions caused by anthropic
pressure and climate changes.
How Consumers’ Skepticism is Derived from Deceptive Advertisements
Authors: Khan Shaista Kamal , Fatima Hina , Hussain Syed Waqas
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to explore how consumer behavior is derived by deceptive advertising and their effect that is consumers’ skepticism. The advertisement has a significant influence on every single person’s life and shapes the consumer’s perception. In this study, phenomenological interviews were conducted with three mature females and three males consumers by asking predetermined open-ended questions. The questions had been made to determine the thoughts and feeling about the unlawful, untrue, and mendacious advertisements. The current research shows these symbolic metaphors and highlights the essential meanings that each informant ascribed her consumer encounters. All relevant themes are identified after conducting interviews from participants through data analysis and are further discussed in the results and findings. All findings are interlinked also supported and consistent with earlier studies that are related in this context. The qualitative study ends with some recommendations to companies that think about their consumers and also follow ethical advertising practices.