bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Bacteriuria Treatment and Follow-up Initiated in the Emergency Department at a Veterans Affairs Hospital
Authors: Kim Emily Y. , Patel Ursula , Patel Bhairvi , Suda Katie J.
Published: July 2017

Background: This study aims to evaluate the treatment and follow-up of bacteriuria in the emergency department (ED). Objective: The primary objective was to determine the frequency of patients discharged from the ED with antibiotics for symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and the secondary objectives were to determine the frequency of patients receiving postdischarge antibiotic interventions and antibiotic-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients with ED urine cultures sent between October 1, 2015, and November 24, 2015. Patients with indwelling catheters, concurrent antibiotics, and admission for inpatient care were excluded. T tests and contingency tables were applied in SAS; P < .05 was considered significant. Results: Of 429 unique patients with urine cultures drawn in the ED, 13.1% (n = 56) received treatment for a bacteriuria. The majority of patients discharged from the ED with antibiotics had urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms documented in the medical record (76.8%; n = 43). Of those patients who required postdischarge interventions, 4 out of 13 had appropriate antibiotic adjustments based on culture and sensitivity results at follow-up. In a subset of patients with inappropriately ordered urine cultures (no UTI symptoms documented or antibiotic prescribed), a higher percentage of patients had normal urinalyses (UA) compared to abnormal UAs (83.3% vs 10.4%, P = .0008). No significant ADRs were identified. Conclusions: The majority of patients treated for bacteriuria in the ED had documented symptoms consistent with UTIs and appropriate empiric antibiotics. However, incorporating antimicrobial stewardship activities in the ED targeting unnecessary urine cultures and assuring postdischarge follow-up if treatment modification is needed based on culture results can improve antibiotic prescribing.
Tropomodulin 1 controls erythroblast enucleation via regulation of F-actin in the enucleosome
Authors: Nowak Roberta B. , Papoin Julien , Gokhin David S. , Casu Carla , Rivella Stefano , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Blanc Lionel , Fowler Velia M.
Published: July 2017

Key Points

Morphological dissection of the progression of nuclear expulsion reveals complex F-actin rearrangements in primary erythroblasts. Enucleation depends upon a novel, conserved, F-actin/myosin IIB/Tmod1 structure (the “enucleosome”) at the rear of the translocating nucleus.
Management of antithrombotic agents in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Abuqayyas Sami , Raju Shine , Bartholomew John R. , Abu Hweij Roulan , Mehta Atul C.
Published: July 2017

Bleeding is one of the most feared complications of flexible bronchoscopy. Although infrequent, it can be catastrophic and result in fatal outcomes. Compared to other endoscopic procedures, the risk of morbidity and mortality from the bleeding is increased, as even a small amount of blood can fill the tracheobronchial tree and lead to respiratory failure. Patients using antithrombotic agents (ATAs) have higher bleeding risk. A thorough understanding of the different ATAs is critical to manage patients during the peri-procedural period. A decision to stop an ATA before bronchoscopy should take into account a variety of factors, including indication for its use and the type of procedure. This article serves as a detailed review on the different ATAs, their pharmacokinetics and the pre- and post-bronchoscopy management of patients receiving these medications.
Children are not little adults: blood transfusion in children with burn injury
Authors: Palmieri Tina L.
Published: July 2017

Blood transfusion in burns larger than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) are frequent due to operative procedures, blood sampling, and physiologic response to burn injury. Optimizing the use of blood transfusions requires an understanding of the physiology of burn injury, the risks and benefits of blood transfusion, and the indications for transfusion. Age also plays a role in determining blood transfusion requirements. Children in particular have a different physiology than adults, which needs to be considered prior to transfusing blood and blood products. This article describes the physiologic differences between children and adults in general and after burn injury and describes how these differences impact blood transfusion practices in children.
Improving Care With a Portfolio of Physician-Led Cancer Quality Measures at an Academic Center
Authors: Porter Julie Bryar , Rosenthal Eben Lloyd , Winget Marcy , Smith Andrea Segura , Seshadri Sridhar Belavadi , Vetteth Yohan , Kiamanesh Eileen F. , Badwe Amogh , Advani Ranjana H. , Buyyounouski Mark K. , Coutre Steven , Dirbas Frederick , Divi Vasu , Dorigo Oliver , Ganjoo Kristen N. , Johnston Laura J. , Recht Lawrence David , Shrager Joseph B. , Skinner Eila C. , Swetter Susan M. , Visser Brendan C. , Blayney Douglas W.
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

Development and implementation of robust reporting processes to systematically provide quality data to care teams in a timely manner is challenging. National cancer quality measures are useful, but the manual data collection required is resource intensive, and reporting is delayed. We designed a largely automated measurement system with our multidisciplinary cancer care programs (CCPs) to identify, measure, and improve quality metrics that were meaningful to the care teams and their patients.

Methods:

Each CCP physician leader collaborated with the cancer quality team to identify metrics, abiding by established guiding principles. Financial incentive was provided to the CCPs if performance at the end of the study period met predetermined targets. Reports were developed and provided to the CCP physician leaders on a monthly or quarterly basis, for dissemination to their CCP teams.

Results:

A total of 15 distinct quality measures were collected in depth for the first time at this cancer center. Metrics spanned the patient care continuum, from diagnosis through end of life or survivorship care. All metrics improved over the study period, met their targets, and earned a financial incentive for their CCP.

Conclusion:

Our quality program had three essential elements that led to its success: (1) engaging physicians in choosing the quality measures and prespecifying goals, (2) using automated extraction methods for rapid and timely feedback on improvement and progress toward achieving goals, and (3) offering a financial team-based incentive if prespecified goals were met.
Physiological responses to fluctuating temperatures are characterized by distinct transcriptional profiles in a solitary bee
Authors: Torson Alex S. , Yocum George D. , Rinehart Joseph P. , Nash Sean A. , Kvidera Kally M. , Bowsher Julia H.
Published: July 2017

Exposure to stressful low temperatures during development can result in the accumulation of deleterious physiological effects called chill injury. Metabolic imbalances, disruptions in ion homeostasis, and oxidative stress contribute to the increased mortality of chill-injured insects. Interestingly, survival can be significantly increased when chill susceptible insects are exposed to a daily warm-temperature pulse during chilling. We hypothesize that warm pulses allow for the repair of damage associated with chill-injury. Here, we describe transcriptional responses during exposure to a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR), relative to constant chilled temperatures, during pupal development in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata using a combination of RNA-seq and qPCR. Pupae were exposed to either a constant, chilled temperature of 6°C, or 6°C with a daily pulse of 20°C for seven days. RNA-seq after experimental treatment revealed differential expression of transcripts involved in construction of cell membranes, oxidation-reduction and various metabolic processes. These mechanisms provide support for shared physiological responses to chill injury across taxa. The large number of differentially expressed transcripts observed after seven days of treatment suggests that the initial divergence in expression profiles between the two treatments occurred upstream of the time point sampled. Additionally, the differential expression profiles observed in this study show little overlap with those differentially expressed during temperature stress in the diapause state of M. rotundata. While the mechanisms governing the physiological response to low-temperature stress are shared, the specific transcripts associated with the response differ between life stages.
Thoracentesis: a case study in the failure of cost containment
Authors: Berdine Gilbert
Published: July 2017

An argument advanced in favor of single payer health care is the alleged ability of a single payer to contain costs from increasing. This is known as cost containment. Austrian economic theory explains why price controls fail to contain costs, and an Austrian analysis of price controls is presented in this review. The history of thoracentesis since the 1980s is provided as an empiric example of Austrian analysis. This history illustrates how a price control to limit the Medicare reimbursement for outpatient thoracentesis to under $100 has led to the contemporary situation of thoracentesis performed in hospital at costs exceeding $50,000.
Local government reform – Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose?
Authors: Quinn Bríd
Published: July 2017

The perceived deficiencies in Ireland’s local government system have frequently been diagnosed, resulting in reports, White and Green Papers and action plans. This article reviews the main reform trajectories, paying particular attention to developments since 1971 and demonstrating that the reforms which did occur were affected by national and international developments. The form, functioning and financing of local government were recurrent themes in the reform documents, and these aspects are specifically examined. Political, administrative and decision-making structures are found to have been altered; the scope of existing functional programmes and the modes of implementation have changed noticeably; and, although the issue of local funding sources has been tackled, the centre’s financial hegemony has not been eliminated. Despite the insights of the reform documents, there is little evidence of a clear and consistent philosophy underpinning reform, so the cumulative changes represent a unique blend of innovation, incrementalism and entrenchment.
Possible impacts of zoosporic parasites in diseases of commercially important marine mollusc species: part II. Labyrinthulomycota
Authors: Collier Jackie L. , Geraci-Yee Sabrina , Lilje Osu , Gleason Frank H.
Published: July 2017

The phylum Labyrinthulomycota comprises diverse marine fungus-like protists that are an abundant and widespread component of the marine microbiota. Despite their ubiquity in marine ecosystems, relatively little is known about the ecology of any of the pathogenic species in the Labyrinthulomycota. Most are thought to exist as saprobes, but many species have been documented as pathogens of marine metazoans and metaphytes. The best studied labyrinthulomycotan pathogen in molluscs is Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX), which causes mortality events in both wild and cultured hard clams,
Regularization of closed positive currents and intersection theory
Authors: Méo Michel
Published: July 2017

We prove the existence of a closed regularization of the integration current associated to an effective analytic cycle, with a bounded negative part. By means of the King formula, we are reduced to regularize a closed differential form with L1
loc coefficients, which by extension has a test value on any positive current with the same support as the cycle. As a consequence, the restriction of a closed positive current to a closed analytic submanifold is well defined as a closed positive current. Lastly, given a closed smooth differential (qʹ, qʹ)-form on a closed analytic submanifold, we prove the existence of a closed (qʹ, qʹ)-current having a restriction equal to that differential form. After blowing up we deal with the case of a hypersurface and then the extension current is obtained as a solution of a linear differential equation of order 1.
Effect of ammonia treatment on white birch wood
Authors: Yamashita Daichi , Kimura Satoshi , Wada Masahisa , Samejima Masahiro , Takabe Keiji
Published: July 2017

Transverse sections of white birch (Betula platyphylla) were treated with anhydrous ammonia at 60–140°C (ammonia treatment, AT). As a result, the crystal structure of cellulose in the AT samples changed to cellulose IIII, and acetamide was produced. The surface area of the AT samples, the amount of sugar released upon acid hydrolysis and the lignin content were not changed. However, a small amount of lignin became acid soluble. Mäule color reaction, indicative of the presence of syringyl lignin, showed decreasing color intensities with increasing temperature of AT. The results can be easily interpreted that AT affects ester linkages and side chains of hemicelluloses and syringyl lignin. In addition, AT was carried out on 1-μm thick transverse sections and block specimens. Xylanase treatment and immunolabeling revealed that AT enhances xylan degradation, but ray cells are resistant to xylanase even after AT. On the block sample, a deposited xylan layer appeared on the inner surface of fiber cell walls. Apparently, xylan moved to the surface in contact with the fluid ammonia during AT. The vessel cell wall did not show a similar migration effect, indicating a cell wall-specific interaction with ammonia.
Atopy as a risk factor for subclinical hypothyroidism development in children
Authors: Pedullà Marcella , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Fierro Vincenzo , Capuano Francesco , Di Sessa Anna , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Perrone Laura , del Giudice Emanuele Miraglia
Published: July 2017

Background:

Increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum concentration can be a marker of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) or transient hyperthyrotropinemia. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether high serum TSH concentrations in allergic children could represent true SCH or isolated and transient hyperthyrotropinemia.

Methods:

We enrolled 620 allergic children (1.11–12.8 years) consecutively attending to our department. They were classified as atopics and non-atopics on the basis of the atopy work-up and, at baseline, they were investigated for thyroid function and low-grade inflammation state. Further, TSH was evaluated after 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) months.

Results:

Both atopics and non-atopics showed higher SCH prevalence compared to controls (p=0.0055 and p=0.02, respectively), and a significant association between atopy and SCH (OR 10.11, 95% CI 1.36–75.12) was found. Both at T1 and T2, atopics had a significant risk of developing severe SCH compared to non-atopics (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.39–2.34 and 1.61, 95% CI 1.21–2.14; respectively).

Conclusions:

Our data may suggest that hyperthyrotropinemia in atopic children could be used as a marker of true SCH.
Monte Carlo algorithm for vector-valued Gaussian functions with preset component accuracies
Authors: Grigoriu Mircea
Published: July 2017

An algorithm is developed for generating samples of vector-valued Gaussian processes and fields. The algorithm is based on Karhunen–Loève (KL) representations of vector-valued random functionsZ⁢(x){Z(x)}with finite variances and their construction involves two steps. First, truncation levels{mi}{\{m_{i}\}}are selected for the KL representations of the components{Zi⁢(x)}{\{Z_{i}(x)\}}ofZ⁢(x){Z(x)}such that they meet imposed accuracies. Second, the truncation levels{mi}{\{m_{i}\}}are accepted or increased if the accuracies of resulting cross correlation functions ofZ⁢(x){Z(x)}satisfy or violate preset constraints. Theoretical arguments are used to prove the validity of the proposed KL-based models ofZ⁢(x){Z(x)}. The models are applied to develop an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for generating samples of vector-valued Gaussian functions. Numerical examples illustrate the implementation of the proposed Monte Carlo algorithm and demonstrate its performance.
Explainers as an Indicator of Defensive Attitude to Experienced Anxiety in Young Women Differing in Their Styles of Coping with Threatening Stimuli
Authors: Obrębska Monika , Zinczuk-Zielazna Joanna
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the results of a frequency analysis of causal conjunctions and explainers in the speech of persons categorised as low-anxious, high-anxious, and repressors, selected according to the criteria of Weinberger et al. (1979). Ninety female students, assigned to three groups: high-anxious persons (n = 30), low-anxious persons (n = 30), and anxiety repressors (n = 30), gave a speech lasting several minutes concerning personality features that they liked or disliked in themselves. The results strongly confirmed the hypothesis that there are differences in the frequency of use of causal conjunctions and explainers between repressors, high-anxious, and low-anxious individuals. Their number is highest in the utterances of repressors and lowest in the utterances of low-anxious individuals. Our study demonstrates that the experiencing of anxiety does not in itself lead to an increase in the frequency of use of causal expressions. The key factor would appear to be a high level of defensiveness and absence of insight into one’s emotional states, characteristic of repressors. This may lead to a need to rationalise and to seek possible causes for the state of anxiety, which is externalised linguistically through the use of a high number of causal expressions.
BioArtificial polymers
Authors: Szałata Kamila , Gumi Tania
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, the polymer science has impact in practically all life areas. Countless benefits coming from the usage of materials with high mechanical and chemical resistance, variety of functionalities and potentiality of modification drive to the development of new application fields. Novel approaches of combining these synthetic substances with biomolecules lead to obtain multifunctional hybrid conjugates which merge the bioactivity of natural component with outstanding properties of artificial polymer. Over the decades, an immense progress in bioartificial composites domain allowed to reach a high level of knowledge in terms of natural-like systems engineering, leading to diverse strategies of biomolecule immobilization. Together with different available options, including covalent and noncovalent attachment, come various challenges, related mainly with maintaining the biological activity of fixed molecules. Even though the amount of applications that achieve commercial status is still not substantial, and is expanding continuously in the disciplines like “smart materials,” biosensors, delivery systems, nanoreactors and many others. A huge number of remarkable developments reported in the literature present a potential of bioartificial conjugates as a fabrics with highly controllable structure and multiple functionalities, serving as a powerful nanotechnological tool. This novel approach brings closer biologists, chemists and engineers, who sharing their effort and complementing the knowledge can revolutionize the field of bioartificial polymer science.
Interactions with the Beloved in Greek Literature: Conceptual Blending and Levels of Representation
Authors: Cánovas Cristóbal Pagán , Valverde Mariano
Published: July 2017

We analyze a group of literary motifs for building fictive interactions, recurring across one of the richest examples of affective communication in Greek literature: the expression of the causes and effects of love in terms of scenes between lover and beloved. In this thematic set, the poetic expression of love is articulated through a direct or indirect interaction between lover and beloved. We expose the main patterns for the integration of concepts that recur across such interactions, showing how entrenched cognitive templates interplay with different cultural contexts and aesthetic goals. Across different periods, authors blend a variety of conceptual elements, producing different levels of fantasy and mediation between the lover’s viewpoint and the beloved’s ‘reality’. Although there is significant variation in how these scenes are built across periods and genres, they all share a core structure and a number of flexible rules that are based on fundamental cognitive operations. Understanding this cognitive core allows us to model how the meaning is built by the different texts. Examining how particular texts use the template for their specific purposes shows us that cognitive structures with arguably a universal nature are not rigid patterns but fluid recipes, providing starting points for creating novel meanings through skillful usage.
Incorporating Interdisciplinary Assessment to Enhance Collaborative Resource Governance: The Case of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program
Authors: Boone Karie , Huayhuaca ch'aska , Ryder Stacia S.
Published: July 2017

The Colorado River travels through seven states and two countries, nine national parks and provides water for 40 million people across the arid west. It is also the most endangered river in America. This article outlines a case study of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program (UCREFRP), a collaborative effort designed to restore the Colorado pikeminnow population on a section of the Colorado River known as the imperiled 15-mile reach. After years of failed litigation, stakeholder efforts to develop water management solutions led to the establishment of the collaborative. This case study elucidates how collaborative governance efforts take shape, and how they can be more comprehensively assessed by drawing on interdisciplinary approaches from natural and social sciences. This case is an enduring example of the way trade-offs and power imbalances must be managed in collaborative governance, and introduces the importance of environmental and ecological justice, that is, how the collaborative process and benefits of collaborative solutions can be distributed more equitably across social and nonhuman stakeholders.
U.K. Counterterrorism Law, Pre-Emption, and Politics
Authors: Boukalas Christos
Published: July 2017

Since the turn of the century, across North Atlantic countries, counterterrorism law has been an area of relentless, highly prioritized, legal production that often challenges rule of law principles. This article provides a general overview of United Kingdom counterterrorism legislation and, drawing from jurisprudence, state theory, and political philosophy, constructs an analytical framework to assess its implications for the broader shape, function, and logic of law. It starts by assessing the dynamic tension between authoritarian and democratic elements that constitutes modern law, thus setting the overall conceptual framework in which counterterrorism law pertains. It proceeds to analyze U.K. counterterrorism law, by juxtaposing it to its United States counterpart and by deciphering the key trends into which its provisions combine. Based on this account, the article considers the implications of counterterrorism law for the law-form, that is, for the articulation between legal content, logic, and institutionality. It finds that, although the content and logic of counterterrorism law are incompatible with rule of law principles, they are developed in an institutional framework adherent to the rule of law. To account for this paradox, the article concludes that counterterrorism law signals the advent of authoritarian legality, a reconfiguration of the rule of law where the latter holds its institutional shape, but comes to consist of, and be driven by, authoritarian content and purposes. The article outlines the main characteristics of authoritarian legality, compares it to existing approaches to counterterrorism law, and indicates its plausibility for U.S. counterterrorism jurisprudence.
“If There Were One People”: Francis Weninger and the Segregation of American Catholicism
Authors: Komline David
Published: July 2017

This article uses the career of Francis Weninger—an Austrian Jesuit who traversed the United States preaching mostly to German audiences—to trace the development of Roman Catholic approaches to African American missions from the end of the Civil War to the rise of Jim Crow. The study proceeds in two parts, each of which addresses three themes. The first half treats Weninger's work among American Germans, examining the historical context, mission strategy, and revivalistic activity involved in Weninger’s work among his fellow immigrants. The second half details Weninger's evangelistic efforts among African Americans, reversing the order of these themes: first, it describes his activity, then, his strategy and motivation, and, finally, how Weninger's work fits into the broader context of Catholic race relations. The paper shows that the activism of Francis Weninger, the most significant Catholic advocate of missions to African Americans during the key time period in which the American Catholic church adopted an official policy of racial segregation, helped both to stimulate and to define later Roman Catholic initiatives to evangelize African Americans. Weninger modeled his approach to evangelizing African Americans directly on his work among German immigrants, encouraging both groups to establish their own ethnically and racially segregated parishes.
STAT3 activation by leptin receptor is essential for TNBC stem cell maintenance
Authors: Thiagarajan Praveena S , Zheng Qiao , Bhagrath Manvir , Mulkearns-Hubert Erin E , Myers Martin G , Lathia Justin D , Reizes Ofer
Published: July 2017

Leptin (LEP) binds to the long form of the leptin receptor (LEPRb), leading to the activation of multiple signaling pathways that are potential targets for disrupting the obesity–breast cancer link. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), LEP is hypothesized to predominantly mediate its tumorigenic effects via a subpopulation of LEPRb-positive tumor cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) that can initiate tumors and induce tumor progression. Previously, we showed that LEP promotes CSC survival in vivo. Moreover, silencing LEPRb in TNBC cells compromised the CSC state. The mechanisms by which LEPRb regulates TNBC CSC intracellular signaling are not clear. We hypothesized that activation of LEPRb signaling is sufficient to drive CSC maintenance in TNBC. Here, we show that activation of LEPRb in non-CSCs isolated using our CSC reporter system resulted in a transition to the stem cell state. In CSCs, LEP induced STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas LEP did not induce STAT3 phosphorylation in non-CSCs. Introduction of constitutively active STAT3 into LEPRb-transfected non-CSCs significantly induced NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4 expression compared with control non-CSCs. To determine the intracellular phospho-tyrosine residue of LEPRb that is necessary for the induction of the stem cell state in non-CSCs, we transfected the tyrosine residue point mutants L985, F1077 and S1138 into non-CSCs. Non-CSCs transfected with the L985 mutant exhibited increased STAT3 phosphorylation, increased SOCS3 expression and an induction of GFP expression compared with non-CSCs expressing the F1077 and S1138 mutants. Our data demonstrate that LEPRb-induced STAT3 activation is essential for the induction and maintenance of TNBC CSCs.
POLINKIS BALSUOTI UŽ PARTIJĄ KAIP NAUJAS ELGESIO PER RINKIMUS ANALIZĖS BŪDAS: GALIMYBĖS IR METODOLOGINĖS PROBLEMOS
Authors: Ramonaitė Ainė
Published: July 2017

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos iki šiol Lietuvoje nenaudoto pre­ferencijų per rinkimus matavimo įrankio – polinkio balsuoti už partiją (PBP) – atveriamos galimybės ir jį naudojant kylančios metodologinės problemos. Straipsnyje pristatoma rinkėjų pasirinkimo 2016 m. Seimo rin­kimuose veiksnių analizė, tiriant rinkėjų polinkį balsuoti už septynias didžią­sias Lietuvos partijas, išbandomos ir įvertinamos metodologinės galimybės analizuoti „bendrinės“ partijos paramos veiksnius.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL PENGGUNAAN LAMPU PETROMAK SEBAGAI PEMANAS PADA BUDIDAYA PEMBENIHAN IKAN PATIN
Authors: Diatin Iis , Dwirosyadha Ganang Arytra
Published: July 2017

Kegiatan pembenihan ikan patin, terutama dalam usaha skala kecil pada umumnya menggunakan kompor minyak tanah sebagai pemanas ruangan, agar tingkat kematian benih dapat ditekan. Kenaikan harga minyak tanah akhir-akhir ini, bahkan hilangnya minyak tanah di beberapa tempat, menjadi kendala dalam kegiatan pembenihan ikan patin ini. Oleh karena itu perlu dicari alternatif teknologi pengganti yang lebih efisien dalam penggunaan minyak tanah; dalam hal ini, menggunakan lampu petromak. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara finansial penggunaan lampu petromak sebagai pemanas ruangan pembenihan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa selama setahun dengan menggunakan kompor minyak tanah mampu memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 52.996.455,56, nilai R/C sebesar 1,97 dan payback period selama 1,73 tahun. Sedangkan analisis usaha dengan menggunakan lampu petromak, diperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp. 60.556.455,56, nilai R/C sebesar 2,28 dan payback period selama 1,52 tahun. Analisis finansial menghasilkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 695.550.355,5, Net B/C sebesar 27,69% dan nilai IRR 457,26%. Usaha pembenihan ikan patin dengan menggunakan pemanas lampu petromak ini menjadi tidak layak untuk diusahakan jika terjadi kenaikan harga minyak tanah sebesar 1.161,87%, kenaikan harga pakan sebesar 1.228,65% dan penurunan harga benih sebesar 98,57%. Tittle: Financial Analysis of the used ‘Petromak’ as a Heater in Catfish HatcheryCatfish hatchery, especially in small-scale business is generally using primus stove as column heater in order to reduce mortality of seed produced. An increase in the price of kerosene recently, even the dissapearing kerosene in some place, has been becoming a constraint in this catfish hatchery. Therefore, an alternative technology by using ‘petromak’ in order to reduce the use of kerosene was taken into place. So that, this research was aimed to analyse financially the use of petromak lamp as room heater in hatchery. Results showed that the use of primus stove in hatchery enables to generate profit of Rp 52,996,455.56, a RC-ratio of 1.97 and payback period of 1.73 years. Meanwhile, the use of ‘petromak’ lamp enables to generate profit of Rp 60,556,455.56, a RC-ratio of 2.28 and payback period of 1.52 years. Financially, the latter produces NPV of Rp 695,550,355.5, net BC-ratio of 27.69% and IRR of 457.26%. The business will be loss whenever price of kerosene increases 1,161.87% or price of feed increases 1,228.65% or price of seed decreases 98.57%.
Clinical study of hypo/hyper thyroidism in dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Authors: N. Usharani , Shavi Kaveri
Published: July 2017

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is one of the most frequently encountered condition in gynaecological practice. Thyroid hormones play a key role in the menstrual and reproductive function of women and thus thyroid dysfunction results in menstrual disturbances. The objective is to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Methods: This is a hospital based prospective observational study done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari. The study period is from February 2016 to August 2016. In the study, 100 patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding were included and evaluated for thyroid abnormality.Results: Among 100 patients with DUB, thyroid disorders were prevalent in 24 % of patients. Hypothyroidism was present in 22% and hyperthyroidism in 2% of the women with DUB. The commonest menstrual complaint associated with hypothyroidism was menorrhagia, seen in 54.54% of cases. In 2 patients with hyperthyroidism one each had menorrhagia and metropathia haemorrhagica.Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the important cause for DUB. Hypothyroidism is more commonly associated with DUB than hyperthyroidism. Evaluation of thyroid status is important in all patients with DUB to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.
Study reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city
Authors: Zakeri Anahita , Amani Firouz , Aslanian Roghayeh , Abbasi Vahid , Ojaghi Habib
Published: July 2017

Background: Cosmetic surgery known as prevalent surgeries in the world that annually thousands of people are undergoing cosmetic surgery to change their appearance. Each year more than 200000 cosmetic surgery have been done on patients 18 years and low and about 390000 of them included surgeries such as breast, cosmetic, abdomen and nose. Iran in terms of plastic surgeries performed proportion to total population is located in the first rank of the world. Studies showed that social and mental factors have main role in doing these surgeries. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city.Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study has been done on 120 women 15-50 years referred to cosmetic surgery clinics and centers. Samples selected randomly from centers which doing Rhinoplasty and data collected by a research base questionnaire including information about demographic data, causes and motive of women tend to Rhinoplasty.Results: Most of women were in the age group 15-20 (39.1%). 56.7% of women were married and 45% were housekeeper. 15% of women have history of psychological diseases and 58.3% have history of doing surgery in their family.Conclusions: Results showed that self confidence known as important factor in Rhinoplasty. Personality characteristics, social conditions and environmental factors play an important role in women tend to cosmetic surgery. So, we need doing studies in big samples for recognize the dimensions of effective factors in doing Rhinoplasty among women.
Age and sex related serum changes in nitric oxide and its correlation with plasma lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in healthy ageing individuals
Authors: Sheth Rohit , Bhat Tanmay , N. Suchetha Kumari , Ullal Harshini Devi
Published: July 2017

Background: The free radical theory of aging postulates that aging results from the accumulation of deleterious effects caused by free radicals, and the ability of an organism to cope with cellular damage induced by ROS plays an important role in determining organismal lifespan. GSH and SOD functions by donating the proton and in scavenging the superoxide radicals, thereby protecting the body against oxidative stress by scavenging the free radicals produced in the body. Glutathione peroxidase also have similar function, it reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water.Methods: Hundred healthy adults from staff and student community under the age group of 20 to 60 years were recruited. Approximately 5ml blood sample was collected and used for the analysis of lipid profile, MDA and antioxidant status using standard protocol.Results: The lipid profile, MDA and antioxidant status were measured and compared with that of serum nitric oxide levels of 100 healthy individuals of the age 20-60 yrs. Men aged 20-29 years showed significantly higher NO levels compared to corresponding women. There is a significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity in elderly people. With the decrease in NO there is increase in MDA is observed.Conclusions: There is a significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity in elderly people. This reduction in antioxidant capacity implies a defect in antioxidant system, may be due to a reduction in individual antioxidant or may be caused by a non-equilibrium or poor cooperation between them.
Prospective study of renal abnormalities in HIV seropositive patients
Authors: Dharvey Avinash John , Singh Ajay Pal , Sophie Kekhrielhouto , Nagvanshi Sapna
Published: July 2017

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection may lead to renal impairment, however Indian data is limited. The objective of this study was to study clinical, biochemical and radiological spectrum of renal dysfunctions in HIV patients.Methods: Hundred HIV positive patients were studied in Department of Medicine, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. Detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigation (hemoglobin, random blood sugar, CD4 counts, urine analysis (proteinuria, sugar, pus cells, red blood cells), blood urea estimation, serum creatinine and ultrasound of kidneys were done for all the patients.Results: Mean age of the study cohort was 43.09±10.57 years with male predominance. Maximum patients belong to age group of 41-50 years (35%). Majority patients were from urban area (61%), married (86%), belong to low socioeconomic status (91%) and about one third were truck drivers (36%) by profession. Mean CD4 count was 236.14±134.006 whereas, maximum patients had CD4 count of <200 (52%). Most common clinical and radiological finding was edema (18.02% male and 29.41% female) and raised renal echotexture (15.66% male and 5.88% female) respectively. Mean hemoglobin, blood urea, serum creatinine and albumin among male and female were 11.36±11.58, and 9.65±1.90, 53.78±53.99 and 55.03±47.10, 1.33±1.03 and 1.24±0.90, 3.22±0.76 and 3.12±0.69 respectively.Conclusions: Proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine, edema and raised renal echo texture are the early markers of nephropathy in HIV positive patients.
Assessment of IBS symptoms among patients of lower socio-economic strata attending medicine OPD in a tertiary care hospital in South Delhi
Authors: Rehman Sana , Habib Anwar , Ahmad Razi , Baluja Zenis
Published: July 2017

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder throughout the world with no clear diagnostic markers. The diagnosis relies mostly on clinical presentation. In India, IBS is less estimated in lower socioeconomic group population. The objective of this study was to assess the proportions of symptoms compatible with IBS, and its prevalence among the patients of low socio-economic strata.Methods: An OPD based observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in south Delhi for a period of 10 years (Nov-2006 to Oct-2016). This hospital caters to low socioeconomic strata. All the study subjects were interviewed based on questionnaires compatible with Manning and Rome II criteriaResults: Symptoms of IBS was more in male (65.12%) and highest prevalence was in the age group 31 to 35 years (56.62%), flatulence was found to be the most common symptom compatible with IBS (58.37%) followed by pain abdomen (42.9%), loose motion (38.6%) and constipation (30.5%). The other important associated symptoms were headache 47.7% and insomnia in 44.62%.Conclusions: The symptoms compatible with IBS are common among the lower socioeconomic strata leading to a negative impact on their health-related quality of life and work performance, with high rate of physician's visits and further deteriorating their economic condition. Early diagnosis and health education may improve the quality of life and productivity in this population.
A case control study in BMC Sagar to assess the risk factors of COPD
Authors: Pandey Ramesh , Pandey Shikha
Published: July 2017

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is defined as a disease which is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD is a major health concern in India in terms of morbidity and mortality. In a developing country like India, it is a big challenge to limit the growing burden of COPD. A case control study was carried out at Bundelkhand Medical College (BMC) Hospital, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaMethods: There were a total of 323 COPD cases and 325 controls which were taken from the patients attending the department of Medicine of BMC. The diagnosis was made by using the standard clinical criteria and was confirmed by spirometry, chest X-ray and Computed Tomography thorax as and when required. A detailed clinical history regarding age, sex, residence, smoking and type of cooking fuel used at home was taken by using predesigned questionnaire.Results: This study shows that proportion of male was higher in case group than in controls. Large percentage of cases of COPD had history of smoking as compared to controls. Mean pack-years of COPD patients was higher as compared to controls.Conclusions: Exposures to active smoking and environment tobacco smoke (ETS) both were found as important risk factors for COPD. Of the other important risk factors were exposure to solid fuel smoke at home mainly in females.
Clinical profile, prognostication and treatment outcomes in non Hodgkins lymphoma
Authors: Dubey A. P. , Singh Rajeshwar , Pathak Abhishek , Viswanath S. , Rathore Anvesh , Pathi Nikhil
Published: July 2017

Background: Non Hodgkins lymphoma is the most prevalent hematopoietic neoplasm, representing approximately 4% of all cancer diagnoses and ranking seventh in frequency among all cancers. Most of the data that we have is of west and data pertaining to Indian subcontinent is lacking. The aim of this study was to study clinical profile, prognostication, and assess treatment outcome in DLBCL patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: 100 patients of DLBCL reporting to a tertiary care hospital between 2013 to 2016 were chosen for the study. All patients were subjected to routine investigation and specialized investigation including bone marrow examination and Positron emission tomography. Patients were treated with standard treatment protocol and their response to treatment were assessed.Results: Study revealed male predominance with median age of onset was 45.6. Anorexia was the most common symptom. Lymphadenopathy was the most common sign. Bone marrow involvement and anemia commensurate each other. Only16% cases presented in IPI score 4 and 5. Complete remission achieved with treatment in stage l and ll disease were beyond 90% and steep decline in complete remission with treatment was noted in stage lll and lV (~70%). 76% patients with DLBCL showed CR, 12.5% showed PR.Conclusions: The present study revealed male preponderance with relatively early age of onset compared to western population. B- cell lymphoma (DLBCL) constituted maximum number of NHL cases (89%). We have found a higher proportion of B cell subtype as compared to other Indian studies, at the same time it corroborated with the findings of western studies. Complete remission achieved with treatment in stage l and ll disease were beyond 90% and steep decline in complete remission with treatment was noted in stage lll and lV (~70%).
Development and analysis of models of heat transfer in compact porous heat exchangers of aero space control systems
Authors: Konovalov D. A.
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a study of thermal and hydraulic characteristics of porous heat exchangers in conditions of intensive heat dissipation from compact surfaces. We present a mathematical model of convective heat transfer in a porous heat exchange element for conjugate Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equations with boundary conditions of the second kind. An accurate solution of hydrodynamic and thermal problems is obtained analytically by integral transformation. We obtained dependences for determining the velocity field, the length of the initial hydrodynamic area, the Fanning hydraulic friction head, the local temperature of the porous matrix and the liquid cooler, the local Nusselt numbers. We assessed the influence of porosity, permeability, Darcy and Reynolds numbers on the thermal and hydraulic condition of a compact porous heat exchanger. Reasonable ranges of thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the heat exchangers being developed are established. Critical operating modes of heat exchangers are specified. The data obtained agree well with the classical results. We developed an engineering methodology differing from the existing ones by its invariance. The methodology makes it possible to determine the design characteristics of compact porous heat-exchange elements of aerospace control systems.
Complex approach to aerodynamic design of inlet ducts with submerged vortex-free air intakes
Authors: Kornev A. V. , Boychuk I. P.
Published: July 2017

The paper shows the possibility of improving gas-dynamic characteristics of a submerged air intake and presents a technology of developing design solutions according to the principle of conformity to the flow lines. The gas-dynamic principle of shaping is provided by means of computer-aided integrated technologies of design and application of numerical visualization methods as design tools. The revealed regularity of the working process of the external streamline of the preceding airframe surfaces unambiguously defines the fundamental design distinctions of the conformal air intake in the form of the converging side edges on the stream and determines its advantages over the analogs.
A note on assosymmetric rings
Authors: Subhashini Kaditham
Published: July 2017

In this paper, first commutators lie in the nucleus will be established. Later it will be proved that in a 2-and 3-divisible prime assosymmetric ring \(R\), commutators also lie in center and hence \(R\) is associative.
State Health Agency and Local Health Department Workforce: Identifying Top Development Needs
Authors: Beck Angela J. , Leider Jonathon P. , Coronado Fatima , Harper Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To identify occupations with high-priority workforce development needs at public health departments in the United States.

Methods. We surveyed 46 state health agencies (SHAs) and 112 local health departments (LHDs). We asked respondents to prioritize workforce needs for 29 occupations and identify whether more positions, more qualified candidates, more competitive salaries for recruitment or retention, or new or different staff skills were needed.

Results. Forty-one SHAs (89%) and 36 LHDs (32%) participated. The SHAs reported having high-priority workforce needs for epidemiologists and laboratory workers; LHDs for disease intervention specialists, nurses, and administrative support, management, and leadership positions. Overall, the most frequently reported SHA workforce needs were more qualified candidates and more competitive salaries. The LHDs most frequently reported a need for more positions across occupations and more competitive salaries. Workforce priorities for respondents included strengthening epidemiology workforce capacity, adding administrative positions, and improving compensation to recruit and retain qualified employees.

Conclusions. Strategies for addressing workforce development concerns of health agencies include providing additional training and workforce development resources, and identifying best practices for recruitment and retention of qualified candidates.
Undocumented Immigration, Drug Problems, and Driving Under the Influence in the United States, 1990–2014
Authors: Light Michael T. , Miller Ty , Kelly Brian C.
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To examine the influence of undocumented immigration in the United States on 4 different metrics of drug and alcohol problems: drug arrests, drug overdose fatalities, driving under the influence (DUI) arrests, and DUI deaths.

Methods. We combined newly developed state-level estimates of the undocumented population between 1990 and 2014 from the Center for Migration Studies with arrest data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports and fatality information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Underlying Cause of Death database. We used fixed-effects regression models to examine the longitudinal association between increased undocumented immigration and drug problems and drunk driving.

Results. Increased undocumented immigration was significantly associated with reductions in drug arrests, drug overdose deaths, and DUI arrests, net of other factors. There was no significant relationship between increased undocumented immigration and DUI deaths.

Conclusions. This study provides evidence that undocumented immigration has not increased the prevalence of drug or alcohol problems, but may be associated with reductions in these public health concerns.