bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРОЗАПАЛЬНІ ЦИТОКІНИ В СІМ’ЯНІЙ ПЛАЗМІ ТА КРОВІ НЕПЛІДНИХ ЧОЛОВІКІВ
Authors: Мельник О. В. , Воробець М. З. , Фафула Р. В. , Онуфрович О. К. , Воробець З. Д.
Published: February 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Приблизно в 50 % випадків непліддя в сімейних парах пов’язано з чоловічим фактором. Непліддя чоловіків без встановленого анамнезу та нормальних аналізів сперми називають «ідіопатичним непліддям». З’являється все більше даних про зв'язок непліддя з автоімуннми патологіями, зокрема ревматоїдним артритом. Регуляція чоловічої репродуктивної функції є багаторівневою, із залученням як ендокринної, так і імунної систем. Механізми формування чоловічого непліддя дедалі частіше виявляються імунозалежними. Крім гормонів, не менш важливу роль в регуляції сперматогенезу відіграють цитокіни.
Мета роботи – дослідження ролі прозапальних і протизапальних цитокінів у сім’яній плазмі та сироватці крові для з’ясування їх ролі в сперматогенезі.
Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 61 інфертильного чоловіка віком 22–48 років, які умовно були поділені на 2 групи: 1 група – 28 чоловіків із системним автоімунним захворюванням – ревматоїдним артритом (РА); 2 група – 33 соматично здорових пацієнти з ідіопатичним непліддям. У контрольну групу увійшли 27 фертильних здорових чоловіків, репрезентативних за віком. Аналіз еякуляту проводили згідно із рекомендаціями ВООЗ (2010). Визначення концентрації цитокінів у сироватці крові та сім'яній рідині проводили імуноферментним методом.
Результати. У хворих із автоімунними захворюваннями (ревматоїдний артрит) було виявлено найвищий показник лейкоцитоспермії, що вказує на можливий тривалий запальний процес. При обстеженні хворих із автоімунним ревматоїдним артритом астенозооспермію виявили у 35,72 % пацієнтів, лейкоспермію у 64,28 %. У неплідних чоловіків обох дослідних груп кількісний показник лейкоцитів у спермі вірогідно перевищував показники контрольної групи. У пацієнтів із автоімунною патологією суглобів була зменшена концентрація ТGF-β1 щодо контрольної групи, що могло сприяти посиленню запального процесу. Одночасно збільшувався рівень прозапального цитокіну ІL-18 – у середньому в 2,52 раза. Зареєстровано також зменшення вмісту ІL-1β – у 1,69 раза. Зростання концентрації прозапальних цитокінів ІL-6, ІL-18, TNF-α, ІFN-γ в 1,4 – 2,4 раза виявлено і при ідіопатичній неплідності.
Висновки. Функціонування імунної і репродуктивної систем чоловічого організму є тісно пов'язаним і взаємозалежним. Розлади імунної реактивності, що супроводжують розвиток автоімунної патології суглобів, асоційовані з порушеннями репродуктивної функції у чоловіків. Тісний зв'язок між порушеннями семіологічних показників і змінами у показниках прозапальних цитокінів у чоловіків з ідіопатичним непліддям переконливо доводить імунний генез цього захворювання.
НЕІНВАЗИВНІ МЕТОДИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТУПЕНЯ УРАЖЕННЯ ПЕЧІНКИ У TORCH-ІНФІКОВАНИХ ХВОРИХ
Authors: Сірчак Є. С. , Лукач М. М. , Гецко О. І. , Кочмарь М. Ю. , Фабрі З. Й. , Чендей В. І.
Published: February 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Активно ведеться пошук нових неінвазивних високоінформативних методів дослідження для визначення стадії ураження та функціонального стану печінки, особливо у хворих з поєднаною патологією, а саме при неалкогольній жировій хворобі печінки (НАЖХП) та інфікуванні збудниками TORCH групи.

Мета – дослідити ефективність використання різних неінвазивних методів діагностики для визначення ступеня ураження печінки у хворих на НАЖХП, інфікованих TORCH-інфекцією.

Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 72 хворих на НАЖХП. Хворих поділено на дві групи: в І групу ввійшли хворі на НАЖХП, у яких виявлено антитіла класу ІgG до інфекцій TORCH групи (n=40); ІІ групу склали пацієнти з НАЖХП, у яких тест виявився негативний щодо інфекцій TORCH групи (n=32). Усім обстеженим пацієнтам проведено загальноклінічні дослідження, а також визначення стану вегетативної нервової системи.

Результати. Встановлено більш виражене збільшення показників функціонального стану печінки, а також холестатичного синдрому в пацієнтів І групи. В обстежених хворих обох груп виявлено гіперінсулінемію та інсулінорезистентність із максимально вираженими змінами в обстежених пацієнтів на НАЖХП у поєднанні з TORCH-інфекцією. У хворих І групи результати Фібротесту (що нами розраховано онлайн) та комерційному тесту ФіброМакс вказують на F2-F3 стадію фіброзу за METAVIR, тоді як у хворих ІІ групи – лише на початкову стадію F2. Отримані результати також підтверджують наявність стеатогепатиту у обстежених пацієнтів (SteatoTest – 0,66±0,08 – р<0,01; NashTest – 0,78±0,05 – р<0,01 у пацієнтів І групи та 0,59±0,04 і 0,69±0,09 – р<0,01 відповідно у пацієнтів ІІ групи).

Висновки. У хворих на НАЖХП, інфікованих TORCH-інфекцією, більш виражені лабораторні ознаки цитолітичного, холестатичного синдромів, а також гіперінсулінемія та інсулінорезистентність. Використання неінвазивних методів (еластометрія печінки, онлайн Фібротест на основі сурогатних маркерів фіброзу печінки, комерційний тест ФіброМакс) є ефективними та інформативними методами для визначення стадії фіброзу у хворих на НАЖХП, інфікованих TORCH-інфекцією.
СИРОВАТКОВІ КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЇ ПІРИДОКСИНУ, ФОЛІЄВОЇ КИСЛОТИ, КОБАЛАМІНУ ТА ГОМОЦИСТЕЇНУ В ДІТЕЙ ІЗ СИНКОПЕ ВНАСЛІДОК ОРТОСТАТИЧНОЇ ГІПОТЕНЗІЇ
Authors: Ковальчук Т. А.
Published: February 2023

Мета дослідження – вивчити показники піридоксину (вітамін В6), фолієвої кислоти (вітамін В9), кобаламіну (вітамін В12) та гомоцистеїну у дітей із СВОГ, а також дослідити взаємозв’язки між ними та основними параметрами синкопе.
Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 46 дітей віком 8–17 років: 23 пацієнти з діагнозом синкопе внаслідок ортостатичної гіпотензії та 23 відносно здорові дитини аналогічного віку. Для діагностики синкопе внаслідок ортостатичної гіпотензії використовували діагностичні критерії Європейського товариства кардіологів (2018). Сироваткові рівні піридоксину, фолієвої кислоти, кобаламіну та гомоцистеїну вимірювали методом кількісного імуноферментного аналізу. Холтерівське моніторування ЕКГ та добове моніторування артеріального тиску були виконані дітям обох груп.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Аналіз вітамінного складу крові у групі синкопе внаслідок ортостатичної гіпотензії дозволив виявити низькі рівні піридоксину (11,3±1,3; 16,1±1,2 мкг/л; р=0,04) та кобаламіну (293,0±19,4; 447,3±22,7 нг/л; р=0,000001), високі показники гомоцистеїну (4,2±0,9; 7,8±0,4 мкмоль/л; р=0,000001) порівняно зі здоровими респондентами. Також у дітей із синкопе внаслідок ортостатичної гіпотензії частіше (p<0.05) реєстрували субоптимальний статус (26,1%) та дефіцит піридоксину (17,4%), дефіцит фолатів (39,1 %), субоптимальний статус кобаламіну (52,2 %) та гіпергомоцистеїнемію (59,1 %). Зниження показника кобаламіну супроводжувалося зниженням частоти пульсу впродовж майже всього часу тесту активного ортостазу. Зростання рівнів сироваткового гомоцистеїну характеризувалося підвищенням нічного систолічного артеріального тиску, варіабельності артеріального тиску, індексу часу гіпертензії та індексу площі під графіком для систолічного та діастолічного АТ (p<0.05) за результатами добового моніторування артеріального тиску.
Висновки. У дітей із діагнозом синкопе внаслідок ортостатичної гіпотензії спостерігаються знижені показники піридоксину та кобаламіну на фоні зростання рівня гомоцистеїну в сироватці крові. Хоча показник фолатів у хворих та здорових дітей не відрізнявся, все ж у групі синкопе внаслідок ортостатичної гіпотензії достовірно частіше спостерігали дефіцит фолієвої кислоти.
СТАН ОВАРІАЛЬНОГО РЕЗЕРВУ ЗА УМОВИ КОМОРБІДНОЇ ПАТОЛОГІЇ МОЛОЧНИХ ЗАЛОЗ ТА ЕНДОМЕТРІОЗУ
Authors: Бойчук А. В. , Міклашевська О. А. , Якимчук Ю. Б. , Якимчук О. М.
Published: February 2023

Мета дослідження – визначення стану оваріального резерву та СА-125 у хворих з доброякісною патологією малочних залоз та ендометріозом до хірургічного лікування.

Матеріали та методи. У дослідження було включено 120 жінок, які проходили лікування з приводу зовнішнього генітального ендометріозу та коморбідної патології молочних залоз віком від 23 до 35 років. Контрольну групу склали 25 здорових невагітних жінок. Усім обстеженим пацієнткам на першому етапі було проведено операційне втручання.

Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Поширення автоімунного тиреоїдиту (38 %) переважає гіпотиреоз (13 %) та гіпертиреоз (12 %). Дисменорея турбувала 36 % хворих, на порушення сну скаржилось 19 % пацієнток, періодичний головний біль – 24 %, відчуття втоми – 29 %, випадання волосся – 18 %, сухість шкіри – 12 %, набряки нижніх кінцівок – 18 %, збільшення маси тіла – 42 %, перенесені запальні захворювання нижнього відділу генітального тракту майже 43 % хворих, лапароскопічні втручання з приводу ендометріозу яєчників 98 %, міомектомію – 9 %, первинне непліддя мало місце у 72 % жінок та вторинне непліддя – у 28 % хворих. Пацієнткам, які ввійшли в дослідження, проводили анкетування, яке включало ретельний збір анамнезу, огляд, стадіювання процесу під час лапароскопічного втручання та визначення СА-125 та оваріального резерву.

Висновки. Ефективним маркером активності ендометріоїдного процесу є показник СА-125 та стан оваріального резерву. Ендометріоз та непліддя, які пов’язані з порушенням репродуктивної функції, найчастіше мають супутні дисгормональні порушення молочних залоз та дисгормональну патологію щитоподібної залози.
Piezo1 (Piezo-Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 1)-Mediated Mechanosensation in Macrophages Impairs Perfusion Recovery After Hindlimb Ischemia in Mice
Authors: Xie Lan , Wang Xiying , Ma Yuankun , Ma Hong , Shen Jian , Chen Jinyong , Wang Yidong , Su Sheng’an , Chen Kaijie , Xu Lingxiao , Xie Yao , Xiang Meixiang
Published: February 2023

Background:

Angiogenesis is a promising strategy for those with peripheral artery disease. Macrophage-centered inflammation is intended to govern the deficiency of the angiogenic response after hindlimb ischemia. However, little is known about the mechanism of macrophage activation beyond signals from cytokines and chemokines. We sought to identify a novel mechanical signal from the ischemic microenvironment that provokes macrophages and the subsequent inflammatory cascade and to investigate the potential role of Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channels (Piezo) on macrophages during this process.

Methods:

Myeloid cell-specific Piezo1 (Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1) knockout (

Piezo1
ΔMΦ

) mice were generated by crossing

Piezo1
fl/fl

(

LysM-Cre
−/−

;
Piezo1 flox/flox
) mice with LysM-Cre transgenic mice to assess the roles of Piezo1 in macrophages after hindlimb ischemia. Furthermore, in vitro studies were carried out in bone marrow–derived macrophages to decipher the underlying mechanism.

Results:

We found that tissue stiffness gradually increased after hindlimb ischemia, as indicated by Young’s modulus. Compared to Piezo2, Piezo1 expression and activation were markedly upregulated in macrophages from ischemic tissues in concurrence with increased tissue stiffness.

Piezo1
ΔMΦ

mice exhibited improved perfusion recovery by enhancing angiogenesis. Matrigel tube formation assays revealed that Piezo1 deletion promoted angiogenesis by enhancing FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor-2) paracrine signaling in macrophages. Conversely, activation of Piezo1 by increased stiffness or the agonist Yoda1 led to reduced FGF2 production in bone marrow–derived macrophages, which could be blocked by Piezo1 silencing. Mechanistically, Piezo1 mediated extracellular Ca
2+
influx and activated Ca
2+
-dependent CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II)/ETS1 (ETS proto-oncogene 1) signaling, leading to transcriptional inactivation of FGF2.

Conclusions:

This study uncovers a crucial role of microenvironmental stiffness in exacerbating the macrophage-dependent deficient angiogenic response. Deletion of macrophage Piezo1 promotes perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia through CaMKII/ETS1-mediated transcriptional activation of FGF2. This provides a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.
Narrative, Activism, and Aesthetics: Composing Electroacoustic Music for Mexicans
Authors: Soria Luz Rosalia
Published: February 2023

This article presents the composition process of three electroacoustic pieces belonging to the project Contra el racismo en Mexico (Against Racism in Mexico). The project aims to raise awareness about racism. Concerned with engagement, national identity, and the invisibility of racism in Mexico, I included fragments of interviews with Mexicans to share their views and call for a change. In the article, aspects such as compositional methodology, selection of sound materials, cultural aspects addressed in each piece, and engagement with society are discussed. Aesthetics and form are also examined, as they played a significant role when composing electroacoustic music for broad audiences. I argue that these pieces may have documentary qualities that depict racism in Mexico.
Towards Text-to-SQL over Aggregate Tables
Authors: Li Shuqin , Zhou Kaibin , Zhuang Zeyang , Wang Haofen , Ma Jun
Published: February 2023

Text-to-SQL aims at translating textual questions into the corresponding SQL queries. Aggregate tables are widely created for high-frequent queries. Although text-to-SQL has emerged as an important task, recent studies paid little attention to the task over aggregate tables. The increased aggregate tables bring two challenges: (1) mapping of natural language questions and relational databases will suffer from more ambiguity, (2) modern models usually adopt self-attention mechanism to encode database schema and question. The mechanism is of quadratic time complexity, which will make inferring more time-consuming as input sequence length grows. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach named WAGG for text-to-SQL over aggregate tables. To effectively select among ambiguous items, we propose a relation selection mechanism for relation computing. To deal with high computation costs, we introduce a dynamical pruning strategy to discard unrelated items that are common for aggregate tables. We also construct a new large-scale dataset SpiderwAGG extended from Spider dataset for validation, where extensive experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method with 4% increase of accuracy and 15% decrease of inference time w.r.t a strong baseline RAT-SQL.
A Critical Analysis of the Assumptions Underlying the Formulation of Maximum Potential Intensity for Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Makarieva Anastassia M. , Nefiodov Andrei V.
Published: February 2023

Emanuel’s concept of maximum potential intensity (E-PI) estimates the maximum velocity of tropical cyclones from environmental parameters assuming thermal wind (gradient-wind and hydrostatic balances) and slantwise neutrality in the free troposphere. E-PI’s key equation relates proportionally the radial gradients of saturated moist entropy and angular momentum. Here the E-PI derivation is reconsidered to show that the thermal wind and slantwise neutrality imply zero radial gradients of saturation entropy and angular momentum at an altitude where, for a given radius, the tangential wind has a maximum. It is further shown that, while E-PI’s key equation requires that, at the point of maximum tangential wind, the air temperature must increase toward the storm center, the thermal wind equation dictates the opposite. From the analysis of the equations of motion at the altitude of maximum tangential wind in the free troposphere, it is concluded that here the airflow must be supergradient. This implies that the supergradiency factor (a measure of the gradient-wind imbalance) must change in the free troposphere as the airflow tends to restore the balance. It is shown that such a change modifies the derivative of saturation entropy over angular momentum, which cannot therefore remain constant in the free troposphere as E-PI requires. The implications of these findings for the internal coherence of E-PI, including its boundary layer closure, are discussed.
Role of the Aleutian Low in Modulating the Connection between the Moderate El Niño and the Following Spring North Tropical Atlantic SST Anomalies
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: February 2023

El Niño events are likely to be followed by significant positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the north tropical Atlantic (NTA). We find that this is not always true for El Niño with moderate intensity. Nearly half of the moderate El Niño cases are followed by the strong NTA SSTAs, but others are followed by the weak NTA SSTAs, indicating the uncertainty in the connection between the moderate El Niño and the NTA. The differences in the El Niño–related NTA SSTAs are due to the different extratropical teleconnection between El Niño and the NTA, manifesting as a Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern. Further analysis suggests that the deepened Aleutian low (AL) induces the negative North Pacific SSTA, which is associated with a wave train propagating eastward, and, modulates the El Niño–generated PNA pattern. Therefore, El Niños that are accompanied by the strong AL induce a strong PNA pattern that, in turn, leads to the strong NTA SSTAs. The strength of the AL coinciding with El Niño plays a crucial role in modulating the connection between the moderate El Niño and the NTA SSTAs. This observational evidence about the uncertainty in the El Niño–NTA connection and the role of the AL in modulating this connection is further supported by the model simulations that participated in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). These results indicate that the combined effects of El Niño and the AL must be considered to fully understand the NTA SSTA variability.

Significance Statement

El Niño events often lead to significant warming over the north tropical Atlantic (NTA). We find that the strong El Niño almost always is accompanied by the strong NTA sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs), whereas the moderate El Niño can be followed by either the strong or weak NTA SSTAs, indicating the uncertainty in the connection between the moderate El Niño and the NTA SSTAs. Further analysis demonstrates that El Niño, which is accompanied by the strong (weak) Aleutian low leads to the strong (weak) NTA SSTAs, suggesting that the role of the Aleutian low must be considered to fully understand the El Niño–NTA connection.
Assessment of OTT Parsivel2 Raindrop Fall Speed Measurements
Authors: Saha Rupayan , Testik Firat Y.
Published: February 2023

This study was to assess the raindrop fall speed measurement capabilities of OTT Parsivel2 disdrometer through comparisons with measurements of a collocated High-speed Optical Disdrometer (HOD). Raindrop fall speed is often assumed to be terminal in relevant hydrological and meteorological applications, and generally predicted using terminal speed–raindrop size relationships obtained from laboratory observations. Nevertheless, recent field studies have revealed that other factors (e.g., wind, turbulence, raindrop oscillations, and collisions) significantly influence raindrop fall speed, necessitating accurate fall speed measurements for many applications instead of reliance on laboratory-based terminal speed predictions. Field observations in this study covered rainfall events with a variety of environmental conditions, including light, moderate, and heavy rainfall events. This study also involved rigorous laboratory experiments to faithfully identify the internal filtering and calculation algorithm of OTT Parsivel2. Our assessments revealed that, for the smaller diameter bins, Parsivel2 filters out many of the observed raindrops that fall faster than predicted terminal speeds, bringing down the mean fall speed for those size bins without observational evidence. Furthermore, Parsivel2 fall speed measurements exhibited notable artificial bell-shaped deviations from the predicted terminal speeds toward subterminal fall starting at around 1 mm diameter raindrops with peak deviations around 1.625 mm diameter bin. Such bell-shaped fall speed deviation patterns were not present in collocated HOD measurements. Assessment results along with the faithfully identified Parsivel2 algorithm are presented with discussions on implications on reported raindrop size distributions (DSD) and rainfall kinetic energy.
Spatial Variation in the Synoptic Structure of Convective Systems over the Great Plains
Authors: Verevkin Iaroslav , Folkins Ian
Published: February 2023

During the summer, rainfall over the Rocky Mountains peaks in the afternoon. The diurnal time of maximum rain becomes progressively delayed in going eastward from the Rocky Mountains, such that over much of the Great Plains, maximum rain occurs near 0300 local time. We use Rapid Refresh (RAP) reanalysis data from July and August of 2009–19 to show that there is continuous spatial variation in the mean structure of the high-rain events that occur along this anomalous diurnally propagating rainfall feature. High-rain events that occur farther from the Rockies are more likely to be associated with a larger warm anomaly to the south of the rain event center, a smaller cold anomaly, a larger negative surface pressure anomaly, and increased low-level southerly meridional wind. We also use the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) rainfall dataset to show that, on hourly time scales, afternoon rainfall that occurs over the Rocky Mountains propagates eastward onto the Great Plains but is rapidly attenuated and becomes negligible east of 100°W. This eastward rainfall propagation appears to be mediated in part by the formation of a low-level cold anomaly and increased surface pressure over the Rocky Mountains, a reversal of the upslope wind, and increased low-level zonal mass convergence over the adjacent near plains.

Significance Statement

Models have difficulty in simulating the diurnal time of nocturnal rainfall over the Great Plains. Deep convection in this region is often associated with severe weather. Rainfall variability over the Great Plains has a significant impact on soil moisture and agricultural productivity. This paper explores how the structure of deep convective rain events over the Great Plains varies with longitude. The results improve our understanding of deep convection development in the Great Plains and have the potential to contribute to improved forecasts of convective rainfall.
LA-Net: LSTM and attention based point cloud down-sampling and its application
Authors: Lin Yunhan , Liu Tong , Zhang Yi , Liu Shuangyuan , Ye Liang , Min Huasong
Published: February 2023

At present, the learning-based down-sampling method has achieved good result by using the loss of subsequent tasks to optimize the process of sampling points selection. However, for the current methods there still has two problems, on the one hand, the sampled points may not be in the original point cloud, and the sampled generated points of the sample need to be matched with the original point cloud (re-matching problem), on the other hand, the number of points obtained after matching may be insufficient for the sampling demand, which need to be supplemented by Farthest Point Sampling, nearest neighbor point, or other methods (re-supplement problem). In order to solve the above problems of re-matching and re-supplement in the learning-based sampling method, we propose a new sampling network which based on high score selection strategy. In our method, LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) is used as the feature extraction method to obtain the relational weight which relative to the subsequent tasks. The attention mechanism is used to select the high score points. The experimental results show that the performances of our network (We dubbed it as LA-Net) are better than other sampling methods and achieve the state-of-the-art in the unified benchmark. Detailed ablation studies have also been carried out, which provably affirm the advantage of each component we proposed. Finally, the methods in this paper are applied to a real backbone network to optimize its performance, and real robot grasping experiments are designed to realize automatic robot grasping of multi-target objects in real scenes.
Protests and persuasion: Partisanships effect on evaluating nonviolent tactics in the United States
Authors: Croco Sarah E , Cunningham Kathleen Gallagher , Vincent Taylor
Published: February 2023

How does the public respond to nonviolent resistance tactics? This survey experiment examines both approval and perceptions of legitimacy for five nonviolent tactics using a sample of American adults. We include two variations in our treatment – first examining responses to different protest tactics, then adding in the factor of co-partisanship, which we argue is a relevant identity in the US political context. In the non-partisan treatments, we find a stark dichotomy between our measures of approval and legitimacy. All nonviolent treatment tactics decrease approval for the neutral activist group using them, but three of four tactic treatments increase the probability that respondents will support our legitimacy indicators (congressional hearing invitation and media attention). We find that partisanship conditions how respondents evaluate nonviolent tactics of resistance, but not in ways we would expect based on the conventional wisdom that liberals favor ‘nonviolent resistance' while conservatives do not. Partisan alignment has a consistent effect on respondent approval of tactics in that the partisan treatment leads to disapproval of out-partisan groups across the nonviolent tactics (compared to no mention of tactic or partisanship). Surprisingly, however, this finding on co-partisanship does not extend to our measures of legitimacy. Partisanship clearly conditions the way that respondents evaluate nonviolent tactics of resistance, but not necessarily in predictable ways.
The Relationship Between Parental Burnout and Children’s Learning Burnout: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model
Authors: Li Zhaocong , Luo Jingyu , Song Fang , Li Jia , Shen Yue
Published: February 2023

Learning burnout is a continuous negative psychological state experienced by students. According to Cultural contextual risk theory and Ecological systems theory, family and school are important factors that affect students’ psychological and social development. The study discusses the relationship between and mechanisms of parental burnout and children’s learning burnout, and the moderating role of school factors in this process based on previous relevant theories and existing research. This study used the Parental Burnout Assessment, the Parent-Child Relationship Scale, the Positive Psychology Questionnaire, the Adolescent Student Burnout Inventory, and School Connectedness Scale to conduct a cluster sampling survey of 1439 primary school students and one of their parents (the primary caregiver) in China. The results showed that parent-child relationship and children’s psychological resilience played a mediating role between parental burnout and students’ learning burnout. School connection played a moderating role between parent-child conflict and children’s psychological resilience. The study’s results indicate that parental burnout is a critical risk factor for children’s learning burnout and school connection can be a protective factor. This finding suggests that in education, schools should support and work with parents to promote students’ psychological and social development. However, the family remains the primary factor affecting students’ development.
The Political Economy of Subprime Educational Policy: A Critical Analysis of Charter Schools in Black Communities
Authors: Williams Rachel E.
Published: February 2023

In this conceptual paper, the author explores the relationship between the subprime mortgage crisis and charter school expansion. By situating both cases in a structural analysis of race and political economy, this article demonstrates how Jim Crow segregation established the conditions for contemporary symbiotic relationships between segregation and economic exploitation as evidenced by the concentration of subprime mortgages and charters in Black communities. By centering Black communities, this analysis demonstrates the limitations of charters to advance educational opportunity for historically underserved communities if broader political economic contexts are considered.
Ad hoc HLA simulation model derived from a model-based traffic scenario
Authors: Reiher David , Hahn Axel
Published: February 2023

Modern highly automated and autonomous traffic systems and sub-systems require new approaches to test their functional safety in the context of validation and verification. One approach that has taken a leading role in current research is scenario-based testing. For various reasons, simulation is considered to be the most practicable solution for a wide range of test scenarios. However, this is where many existing simulation systems in research reach their limits. In order to be able to integrate the widest possible range of systems to be tested into the simulation, the use of co-simulation has proven to be particularly useful. In this work, the High-Level Architecture defined in the IEEE 1516-2010 standard is specifically addressed, and a concept is developed that establishes the foundation for the feasible use of scenario-based distributed co-simulation on its basis. The main challenge identified and addressed is the resolution of the double-sided dependency between scenario and simulation models. The solution was to fully automate the generation and instantiation of the simulation environment on the basis of a scenario instance. Finally, the developed concept was implemented as a prototype, and the resulting process for its use is presented here using an example scenario. Based on the experience gained during the creation of the concept and the prototype, the next steps for future work are outlined in conclusion.
Study on the influence of drafting forms in front drafting zone of ring spinning frame on fiber motion and yarn quality
Authors: Shen Yuanying , Yu Chongwen , Shang Shanshan , Qian Lili , Qian Xixi
Published: February 2023

Double apron drafting is the general drafting form in the front zone of the ring spinning frame. In the double apron drafting system, the top apron and the bottom apron form an elastic tensor gauge, which can better control the movement of floating fibers and improve yarn quality. In order to investigate quantitatively the influence of the top apron and bottom apron on fiber movement and yarn quality in the double apron drafting system, the differences of fiber acceleration point distribution, yarn irregularity and yarn strength spun by double apron drafting, single apron drafting and simple roller drafting under different process conditions were compared. Compared with simple roller drafting, double apron drafting and single apron drafting can effectively control the fiber movement in the drafting zone. With the increase of fiber length, the difference between the distribution of fiber acceleration points obtained by double apron drafting and that obtained by single apron drafting gradually decreases. When the fiber length is greater than 32 mm, the difference is small. Besides, by analyzing the improvement rate of the top apron and bottom apron on yarn irregularity and yarn strength under different drafting settings, it was found that the overall improvement rate of the bottom apron on the yarn quality was higher than that of the top apron, especially for manmade fiber yarns. Even in some cases, the strength of viscose yarn spun by the single apron drafting process is higher than that of the double apron drafting process.
Understanding and Addressing the Well-Being of School Counselors
Authors: Jones Alisha , Pijanowski John C.
Published: February 2023

Diminished self-care practices and heightened stress of school counselors are continuing problems in education. With role ambiguity, high student-to-counselor ratios, emotional exhaustion, and other factors adding pressure to the roles and responsibilities of school counselors, this study investigated the well-being practiced of Missouri school counselors and the internal and external factors which influence them. Findings demonstrate several ways in which school counselors fail to meet basic well-being benchmarks, examples of positive school principal supports, and systemic counselor role ambiguity, mission creep, and high caseloads that contribute to stress and burnout. These results indicate three levels of decision-making that are paramount to school counselors achieving and sustaining healthy well-being practices—the individual counselor's role in self-care and professional advocacy; the school leader's approach to defining the counselor's role and promoting a healthy workplace culture; and the ways in which policymakers affect systemic change.
U.S. Traditional Public School Principals’ Sensemaking of Their Role as School Marketers
Authors: Reid David B.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to report how principals describe their role as marketers for their school and examine how these perceptions influence the ways in which principals engage in their daily work. To investigate this phenomenon I conducted 30 interviews with 10 traditional public school principals in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Specifically, I asked: How, if at all, do principals report acting as marketers for their school? and (2) How do marketing-related activities influence principals’ traditionally thought of work? The findings of this work indicate principals believe one of their most pressing responsibilities as school leader is to market their school to parents/guardians and the local community. As a result of this belief, principals spend a significant amount of time engaging in marketing-related tasks such as promoting their school and building a brand that is recognizable to the community.
The entangled geographies of responsibility: Contested policy narratives of migration governance along the Balkan Route
Authors: Bergesio Noemi , Bialasiewicz Luiza
Published: February 2023

This article examines some of the contested geographical imaginaries of the so-called “Balkan Route” as part of the wider Mediterranean migration complex. More specifically, we interrogate how such varied imaginaries of the Route contribute to shaping conflicting geographies of responsibility for migration in the region among a shifting set of international and state actors. We highlight how the attribution of responsibility for the governance of migration is shaped by numerous geographical and historical entanglements, including on-going processes of post-conflict state-making and the geopolitics of European Union accession, with migrants becoming pawns in the negotiation of preferential relations between the countries of the region and the European Union. Focusing in particular on the framing of migration policy responses along the Croatia–Bosnia and Italy–Slovenia sections of the Route, we examine the perspectives of both policy-makers and solidarity networks active in the area, noting how their divergent narratives contribute to the proliferation of conflicting formal and informal practices of border control.
Training and ‘Doing’ Procedural Justice in the Frontline of Public Service: Evidence from Police
Authors: Cohen Galia , Headley Andrea M.
Published: February 2023

Procedural justice can impact on street-level bureaucrat (SLB)-citizen encounters as it shapes citizens’ experience with, and perception of, the delivery of public service. Specifically, in police encounters with the public, procedural justice has recently dominated the public discourse due to the tensions around police-community relations. One way to enhance the quality of SLB-citizen encounters is through procedural justice training. Utilizing a mixed methods design, we conduct a two-pronged analysis of (1) the content and teaching time of procedural justice training in state-mandated basic police curricula across U.S. states and (2) the ways training content (i.e., concepts of procedural justice) is conceptualized by the street-level bureaucrats who are the subjects of these curricula. The study identifies deficiencies in the length of the training and highlights discrepancies between the content emphasized in the training and the ways in which SLBs perceive and interpret its utility and applicability. It concludes by offering practical recommendations on how to improve procedural justice competencies, and by way, enhance SLB-citizen encounters through training.
Two-phase flow in a vertical concentric annulus: Pressure drop and flow configuration
Authors: Zeghloul Ammar , Al-Sarkhi Abdelsalam , Ghendour Nabil , Azzi Abdelwahid
Published: February 2023

This paper presents experimental investigation of flow configurations and pressure drop of single-phase water flow and two-phase air-water flow in a vertical annulus. The annular test section had a concentric geometry with a casing and tubing diameter of 50 and 33.7 mm, respectively. The superficial velocity conditions of the liquid and gas were ranged 0.08–1.56 and 0–3.56 m/s, respectively. The combination of these superficial velocities produces the bubbly, slug and churn flow regimes. The identification of the flow patterns shows that the Mishima and Ishii model is the most relevant to highlight the flow transition. The measured friction factors were compared to prediction models from the literature. It was deduced that the model proposed by Gunn and Darling underestimates the liquid friction factor in the annulus. The measured pressure drops and the dimensionless pressure gradient evolution exhibits different slopes that characterize each flow pattern. The standard deviation and structure frequency describe specific ranges for each flow pattern. These two parameters can also be used for the prediction of flow patterns.
Optimum joint and trajectory tracking control of multi-axes space manipulator based on amnesia feedback controller
Authors: Shrivastava Abhishek , Dalla Vijay Kumar , Abhishek Kumar
Published: February 2023

The space manipulators operate in an unstructured or unknown environment, increasing the dynamic complexity of space manipulator. Due to disturbance in manipulator base, the trajectory tracking control issue arises that cause error between reference and actual trajectory. Hence, to sort out these issues, this work presents optimum joint and trajectory tracking control of multi-axes space manipulator based on amnesia feedback controller. Firstly, the dynamic model of a 7DOF space manipulator built on Euler-Lagrange theorem, using the Jacobian matrix of individual link is designed. Later on, the Amnesia controller strategy is implemented that keeps a record of the trajectory tracking error and sends them to the robot tip. Compared to PID control scheme, the rising time, settling time, and overshoot is reduced even further when amnesia controller is used. The trajectory deviation using PID controller is 15°, while it is 3° using Amnesia controller, as expected. Hence, Amnesia controller reduces the trajectory tracking error between reference and actual trajectory of the redundant robot. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology employing a redundant 7DOF space robot has been verified. This proposed scheme can be utilized for on-orbit servicing and space debris removal through space craft.
LC-MS/MS-based Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous and Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Pistacia integerrima Linn., Quercus infectoria Olivier and Terminalia chebula Retz
Authors: Saini Anil Kumar , Sawant Laxman , Zahiruddin Sultan , Shrivastva Dhiraj , Mitra Ranjan , Rai Rajiva Kumar , Ahmad Sayeed
Published: February 2023

Background

Pistacia integerrima (PI) galls, being rich in polyphenolic compounds, owing to its high restorative worth and restricted assets and exorbitant utilization lead to the overexploitation of the species and availability issues. It is expected to categorise under the red list of threatened taxa. Ayurveda text Bhaishajaya Ratnavali mentioned Quercus infectoria (QI) as ‘pratinidhi’ or substitute of PI and Yogaratnakara (abhavvarga) text reference indicated Terminalia chebula (TC) having the same therapeutic character as in PI. Hence, this study was focused on the comparative quantification of major polyphenolic compounds in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of PI, QI and TC by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS).

Objectives

The LC-MS/MS method was used for the determination of polyphenolic compounds in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of PI, QI and TC.

Materials and Methods

The LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of targeted polyphenolic compounds and validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Analysis performed by LC-MS/MS 6460 C triple quad coupled with Agilent HPLC. The chromatographic separation was performed on the RP C18 column with gradient elution.

Results

The developed method of LC-MS/MS was used for the quantitative estimation of gallic acid, corilagin acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, rutin hydrate, ellagic acid, quercetin and morin hydrate in PI, QI and TC. As per method validation parameters, calibration plots were found to be linear, accurate, precise and specific for LC-MS/MS. The calibration plot exhibited an excellent coefficient of determination ( R2 ≥ 0.99), and extraction recovery was found 96.20%–103.71%. Gallic acid and ellagic acid are the most abundant compound among eight targeted polyphenolics in all extracts.

Conclusion

The finding of LC-MS/MS analysis of polyphenolic compounds in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts indicates that PI, QI and TC are having phytochemical similarities up to an extent in polyphenolic compounds as a secondary metabolite; however, a firmer opinion can be formed after a comparative efficacy study and the evaluation of all three extracts.
Cartilage degeneration of patellofemoral joint occurs in open wedge high tibial osteotomy, rather than in hybrid closed wedge high tibial osteotomy, during the early postoperative period: A qualitative analysis using MRI T2 mapping
Authors: Komaki Shintaro , Nakagawa Shuji , Arai Yuji , Inoue Atsuo , Kaihara Kenta , Hino Manabu , Kan Hiroyuki , Kenji Takahashi
Published: February 2023

Purpose

After high tibial osteotomy, the patella may change position and osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) may occur. It was hypothesized that the course of PFJ degeneration would differ between open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and hybrid closed wedge high tibial osteotomy (hybrid HTO). Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the qualitative changes in PFJ articular cartilage, during the early postoperative period after OWHTO and hybrid HTO.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study of 75 knees that underwent OWHTO (N = 37) or hybrid HTO (N = 38) for medial knee osteoarthritis. OWHTO and hybrid HTO were indicated for corrections of less than 10° and more than 10°, respectively. MRI of all knees was performed before and 6 months after surgery to evaluate patellar cartilage in sagittal images for T2 mapping. Three regions of interest (medial, middle, and lateral facets) were defined in the articular cartilage, and T2 values were measured. Patellar tilting angle, lateral shift ratio, and patellar height were compared before and after surgery.

Results

There was no significant change in arthroscopic findings of PFJ articular cartilage between the OWHTO and hybrid HTO groups. In the OWHTO group, the mean T2 value of medial and middle facets increased significantly (lateral, 43.0 ± 3.9 to 43.7 ± 3.5; middle, 44.2 ± 3.9 to 46.2 ± 3.8; medial 41.0 ± 4.3 to 42.4 ± 4.0). Conversely, no significant change was observed in the hybrid HTO group (lateral, 41.1 ± 4.0 to 42.3 ± 4.0; middle, 43.6 ± 4.2 to 44.5 ± 4.3; medial, 40.7 ± 4.1 to 41.5 ± 4.5). Patellar height decreased and increased in the OWHTO and hybrid HTO groups, respectively, and patellar tilt decreased in the OWHTO group. Lateral shift ratio decreased significantly in both groups.

Conclusions

OWHTO with a small correction angle may result in qualitative changes in PFJ articular cartilage from an early stage, while hybrid HTO with a relatively large correction angle is unlikely to affect PFJ articular cartilage.
Magnetorheological semi-active shock mitigation control: Part II: System extension and application analysis
Authors: Li Weihan , Bai Xianxu “Frank” , Jiang Ping , Yuan Ling , Liu Hui , Gao Pu , Pan Jiabao
Published: February 2023

In Part I of this work, the dynamic model of drop-induced shock mitigation based on magnetorheological (MR) energy absorber (EA) was deduced. The shock mitigation control effectiveness of constant force control method and optimal Bi number control method were compared based on Bingham model and resistor-capacitor (RC) operator-based hysteresis model. In this part, to further explore the possibility of the application of MREA in the shock mitigation control system, a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) shock mitigation control system is built with MREA connected in parallel with a coil spring, which is then connected in series with a vehicle tire to build a one-fourth vehicle suspension shock mitigation control system. Next, the constant force control method and optimal Bi number control method are extended to the SDOF shock mitigation control system. Based on the concept of the optimal Bi number, a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) optimal Bi number control method applied to the one-fourth vehicle suspension system is proposed by decoupling and recoupling the damping and stiffness of the vehicle suspension system. Using the control methods conducted in Part I, the motion state of the drop-induced shock mitigation process is simulated and analyzed. The control performances of the control methods in the SDOF shock mitigation control system are compared. Besides, the average velocity change rate (AVCR) and velocity-acceleration conversion ratio (V-ACR) are used to evaluate the effectiveness and stability of the control methods. Finally, the conclusion that the 2DOF optimal Bi number control method can effectively realize the shock mitigation control of a one-fourth vehicle suspension system is verified.
Equity, inclusion and belonging for teachers in early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Gould Kiri , Boyd Jennifer , Tesar Marek
Published: February 2023

This article troubles themes of equity, inclusion and belonging for early childhood teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand. The authors argue that relationships between teachers matter and, in pursuit of transformative teaching praxis, can be considered as a site for restorative justice, leading to increased solidarity and collective action. While much debate has focused on the counter-colonial, bicultural and transformative potential of the early childhood curriculum Te Whāriki, research has also focused on the complexities of requiring a largely monocultural (Pākeha /of European descent) and underprepared workforce to meet its complex aspirations in the context of a neo-liberal policy landscape. An under-recognised aspect of this challenge is how the same contexts give rise to inequitable and divisive relationships between teachers, diminishing opportunities for transformative justice for children and families. This article brings these two matters into dialogue: first, it is a critical examination of teachers’ narratives about their work and the complex and overlapping discourses that influence them and, second, it considers the transformative potential of inter-teacher groups as sites for restorative justice between teachers, leading to critical engagement with issues of inequity and collective advocacy.