bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Silico Discovery of Stapled Peptide Inhibitor Targeting the Nur77‐PPARγ Interaction and Its Anti‐Breast‐Cancer Efficacy
Authors: Bian Huiting , Liang Xiaohui , Lu Dong , Lin Jiayi , Lu Xinchen , Jin Jinmei , Zhang Lijun , Wu Ye , Chen Hongzhuan , Zhang Weidong , Luan Xin
Published: April 2024

The binding of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 facilitates the ubiquitination and degradation of Nur77, and leads to aberrant fatty acid uptake for breast cancer progression. Because of its crucial role in clinical prognosis, the interaction between Nur77 and PPARγ is an attractive target for anti‐breast‐cancer therapy. However, developing an inhibitor of the Nur77‐PPARγ interaction poses a technical challenge due to the absence of the crystal structure of PPARγ and its corresponding interactive model with Nur77. Here, ST‐CY14, a stapled peptide, is identified as a potent modulator of Nur77 with a KD value of 3.247 × 10−8 M by in silico analysis, rational design, and structural modification. ST‐CY14 effectively increases Nur77 protein levels by blocking the Nur77‐PPARγ interaction, thereby inhibiting lipid metabolism in breast tumor cells. Notably, ST‐CY14 significantly suppresses breast cancer growth and bone metastasis in mice. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of exploiting directly Nur77‐PPARγ interaction in breast cancer, and generate what to the best knowledge is the first direct inhibitor of the Nur77‐PPARγ interaction available for impeding fatty acid uptake and therapeutic development.
Antitumor Effect of Anti‐c‐Myc Aptamer‐Based PROTAC for Degradation of the c‐Myc Protein
Authors: Wang Yuchun , Yang Gang , Zhang Xinyu , Bai Ruoling , Yuan Deyu , Gao Denghui , He Qianyu , Yuan Yi , Zhang Xinghe , Kou Junchuang , Zheng Lihua , Huang Yanxin , Tang Zhuo , Bao Yongli , Song Xu , Zhao Yongyun
Published: April 2024

Targeting “undruggable” targets with intrinsically disordered structures is of great significance for the treatment of disease. The transcription factor c‐Myc controls global gene expression and is an attractive therapeutic target for multiple types of cancers. However, due to the lack of defined ligand binding pockets, targeted c‐Myc have thus far been unsuccessful. Herein, to address the dilemma of lacking ligands, an efficient and high throughput aptamer screening strategy is established, named polystyrene microwell plate‐based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (microwell‐SELEX), and identify the specific aptamer (MA9C1) against c‐Myc. The multifunctional aptamer‐based Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTAC) for proteolysis of the c‐Myc (ProMyc) is developed using the aptamer MA9C1 as the ligand. ProMyc not only significantly degrades c‐Myc by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, but also reduces the Max protein, synergistically inhibiting c‐Myc transcriptional activity. Combination of the artificial cyclization and anti‐PD‐L1 aptamer (PA1)‐based delivery system, circular PA1‐ProMyc chimeras achieve tumor regression in the xenograft tumor model, laying a solid foundation for the development of efficacious c‐Myc degrader for the clinic. Therefore, this aptamer‐based degrader provides an invaluable potential degrader in drug discovery and anti‐tumor therapy, offering a promising degrader to overcome the challenge of targeting intractable targets.
Plants reduced nitrous oxide emissions from a Northern Great Plains saline/sodic soil
Authors: Clay Sharon A. , Nleya Thandiwe , Clay David E. , Joshi Deepak , Bhattarai Dwarika , Marzano Shin‐Yi , Petla Bhanu Prakash
Published: April 2024

The slowly establishing salt‐tolerant perennial grasses reduced nitrous oxide (N2O‐N) emissions from saline/sodic soil compared to barren areas. Other salt‐tolerant species may accelerate vegetative establishment and reduce N2O‐N emissions. In a greenhouse study, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Florida broadleaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and Kernza intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] were grown for 63 days to compare shoot biomass and chemical composition, N2O‐N emissions, and the soil microbiome between saline/sodic and productive (non‐salt impacted) soils. Emissions were measured six times daily from 1 to 22 and 42 to 63 days after planting (DAP). Shoot and soil microbial biomass and communities were quantified 63 DAP. N2O‐N emissions were 87% greater from no‐plant saline/sodic than no‐plant productive soil (p < 0.05). N2O‐N emissions were reduced from planted treatments soon after plant emergence. N2O‐N emissions reductions from saline/sodic soil during the first 22 DAP were 84%, 76%, and 61% for barley, mustard, and Kernza, respectively. Barley had the greatest shoot biomass and impact on the soil microbial community, increasing the fungi to bacteria ratio from 0.063 to 0.094 in the productive soil and from 0.056 to 0.076 in the saline/sodic soil. Plant‐induced changes to the soil microbiome, and decreased soil inorganic N and water, contributed to N2O‐N emission reductions. Archived field samples from grass‐established saline/sodic soil areas had a fourfold increase in nos‐Z gene copy number compared to no‐plant controls, which may, in part, explain decreased N2O‐N emissions. Establishing these vigorous species may aid in restoring multiple ecosystem services to saline/sodic areas.
Fine‐Tuning Crystal Structures of Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals through Trace Cadmium(II) Doping for Efficient Color‐Saturated Green LEDs
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Junhui , Cai Lei , Wang Sheng , Wu Kaifeng , Sun Baoquan , Zheng Weitao , Kershaw Stephen V. , Jia Guohua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Rogach Andrey L. , Yang Xuyong
Published: April 2024

Decreasing perovskite nanocrystal size increases radiative recombination due to the quantum confinement effect, but also increases the Auger recombination rate which leads to carrier imbalance in the emitting layers of electroluminescent devices. Here, we overcome this trade‐off by increasing the exciton effective mass without affecting the size, which is realized through the trace Cd2+ doping of formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals. We observe an ~2.7 times increase in the exciton binding energy benefiting from a slight distortion of the [BX6]4− octahedra caused by doping in the case of that the Auger recombination rate is almost unchanged. As a result, bright color‐saturated green emitting perovskite nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 96 % are obtained. Cd2+ doping also shifts up the energy levels of the nanocrystals, relative to the Fermi level so that heavily n‐doped emitters convert into only slightly n‐doped ones; this boosts the charge injection efficiency of the corresponding light‐emitting diodes. The light‐emitting devices based on those nanocrystals reached a high external quantum efficiency of 29.4 % corresponding to a current efficiency of 123 cd A−1, and showed dramatically improved device lifetime, with a narrow bandwidth of 22 nm and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.20, 0.76) for color‐saturated green emission for the electroluminescence peak centered at 534 nm, thus being fully compliant with the latest standard for wide color gamut displays.
Potent Immunomodulators Developed from an Unstable Bacterial Metabolite of Vitamin B2 Biosynthesis
Authors: Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Rivero Ryan J. D. , Hoang Huy N. , Lim Xin Yi , Deng Jieru , McWilliam Hamish E. G. , Villadangos Jose A. , McCluskey James , Corbett Alexandra J. , Fairlie David P.
Published: April 2024

Bacterial synthesis of vitamin B2 generates a by‐product, 5‐(2‐oxopropylideneamino)‐d‐ribityl‐aminouracil (5‐OP‐RU), with potent immunological properties in mammals, but it is rapidly degraded in water. This natural product covalently bonds to the key immunological protein MR1 in the endoplasmic reticulum of antigen presenting cells (APCs), enabling MR1 refolding and trafficking to the cell surface, where it interacts with T cell receptors (TCRs) on mucosal associated invariant T lymphocytes (MAIT cells), activating their immunological and antimicrobial properties. Here, we strategically modify this natural product to understand the molecular basis of its recognition by MR1. This culminated in the discovery of new water‐stable compounds with extremely powerful and distinctive immunological functions. We report their capacity to bind MR1 inside APCs, triggering its expression on the cell surface (EC50 17 nM), and their potent activation (EC50 56 pM) or inhibition (IC50 80 nM) of interacting MAIT cells. We further derivatize compounds with diazirine‐alkyne, biotin, or fluorophore (Cy5 or AF647) labels for detecting, monitoring, and studying cellular MR1. Computer modeling casts new light on the molecular mechanism of activation, revealing that potent activators are first captured in a tyrosine‐ and serine‐lined cleft in MR1 via specific pi‐interactions and H‐bonds, before more tightly attaching via a covalent bond to Lys43 in MR1. This chemical study advances our molecular understanding of how bacterial metabolites are captured by MR1, influence cell surface expression of MR1, interact with T cells to induce immunity, and offers novel clues for developing new vaccine adjuvants, immunotherapeutics, and anticancer drugs.
Social justice in fractured times
Authors: Thrift Erin , Sugarman Jeff
Published: April 2024

The article provides a historical overview of the evolution of social justice, a concept the development of which is interwoven with liberal ideology and practices. The inception of liberalism and its various historical levels are examined, explicating the way social justice arose as a significant social value and shifted as liberal thought evolved. The impact and limitations of these understandings and implementations of social justice over the past 200 years are discussed. The theories of Nancy Fraser and Martha Nussbaum are briefly summarized and presented as approaches that have sought to overcome current challenges to social justice in a globalized context.
Tracking shifts in Society Islands marine subsistence through time: Intra‐site analysis of faunal remains and fishing gear
Authors: Ohman Alexis , Kahn Jennifer G.
Published: April 2024

We discuss new data from Colonization Phase and Early Expansion/Development Phase assemblages in the pre‐contact Society Islands. We focus on analysis of marine faunal remains and fishing gear to infer diachronic shifts in subsistence practices at two well‐dated coastal sites. Both Colonization Phase (AD 950–1200) and Early Expansion Phase (AD 1200–1450) faunal assemblages are dominated by fish and mollusks as opposed to animal domesticates. Colonization Phase assemblages see higher capture of Scombrids and higher capture of marine mammals and turtle. Early Expansion fishhook assemblages and faunal remains document a movement towards increased capture of reef fish as well as the adoption of local styles and locally specific fishing practices. Overall, the diachronic trend in the Society Island diets is towards a decrease in turtle, marine mammal, and wild bird remains and an increase in terrestrial domesticated species roughly two hundred years after colonization, similar to patterns seen elsewhere in Eastern Polynesia.
Chemistry of heterocycles as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: A pathway to novel research in medicinal chemistry review
Authors: Bendi Anjaneyulu , Taruna  , Rajni  , Kataria Sweety , Singh Lakhwinder , Kennedy John F. , Supuran Claudiu T. , Raghav Neera
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, the scientific community has focused on dealing with different kinds of diseases by exploring the chemistry of various heterocycles as novel drugs. In this connection, medicinal chemists identified carbonic anhydrases (CA) as one of the biologically active targets for curing various diseases. The widespread distribution of these enzymes and the high degree of homology shared by the different isoforms offer substantial challenges to discovering potential drugs. Medicinal and synthetic organic chemists have been continuously involved in developing CA inhibitors. This review explored the chemistry of different heterocycles as CA inhibitors using the last 11 years of published research work. It provides a pathway for young researchers to further explore the chemistry of a variety of synthetic as well as natural heterocycles as CA inhibitors.
Subjective wellbeing of autistic adolescents and young adults: A cross sectional study
Authors: Ridgway Kathryn , Macmillan Caitlin , Demmer David H. , Hooley Merrilyn , Hedley Darren , Westrupp Elizabeth , Stokes Mark A.
Published: April 2024

Subjective wellbeing (SWB) represents an individual's perception of wellness that is supported by homeostatic mechanisms. These mechanisms are proposed to be maintained by low negative affect and high positive affect, although less is known about these mechanisms and SWB in autism. The current cross‐sectional study aimed to compare patterns of positive affect, negative affect (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale), and SWB (Personal Wellbeing Index‐School Children) between autistic (n = 53) and non‐autistic (n = 49) individuals aged 10–22 years (Mage = 13.97, SD = 3.13). Between‐group t‐tests revealed that compared with same‐age peers, autistic participants scored lower SWB overall (p < 0.001). In both groups average SWB scores fell into the higher range, however, autistic participants were three‐times more likely to fall below this range when compared to non‐autistic participants. Negative affect had a higher intercept in the autistic sample, but no difference in slopes were observed. A hierarchical multiple regression revealed that diagnosis, positive affect, and negative affect significantly predicted SWB in our sample. Between‐group t‐tests found no significant difference in positive affect or negative affect across age between the autistic and non‐autistic samples. In autistic participants, positive affect increased across age as SWB decreased, whilst negative affect remained stable, a pattern inconsistent with homeostatic SWB. The current study is overall consistent with the homeostatic explanation for SWB within autism; however, we identified potential differences between autistic and non‐autistic participants in the contribution of positive affect and negative affect to homeostatic protect mood across development.
UPLC/Q‐TOF–MS‐based metabolomics and molecular docking analysis of Bifidobacterium adolescentis exposure to levofloxacin
Authors: Feng Shisui , Guo Yue , Wang Qianyi , Meng Mingwei , Liu Xi , Zhang Chi , Zheng Hua , Guo Hongwei , Lu Rigang , Li Danfeng , Su Zhiheng , Song Hui , Liang Yonghong
Published: April 2024

Antibiotic‐associated diarrhea is a common adverse reaction caused by the widespread use of antibiotics. The decrease in probiotics is one of the reasons why antibiotics cause drug‐induced diarrhea. However, few studies have addressed the intrinsic mechanism of antibiotics inhibiting probiotics. To investigate the underlying mechanism of levofloxacin against Bifidobacterium adolescentis, we used a metabolomics mass spectrometry‐based approach and molecular docking analysis for a levofloxacin‐induced B. adolescentis injury model. The results showed that levofloxacin reduced the survival rate of B. adolescentis and decreased the number of B. adolescentis. The untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 27 potential biomarkers, and many of these metabolites are involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and the lipid metabolism pathway. Molecular docking showed that levofloxacin can bind with aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase and lactic acid dehydrogenase. This result provides a novel insight into the mechanism of the adverse reactions of levofloxacin.
Comparative electroencephalography analysis: Marathon runners during tapering versus sedentary controls reveals no significant differences
Authors: Moussiopoulou J. , Handrack‐Bonnet M. , Pross B. , Pogarell O. , Keeser D. , Halle M. , Falkai P. , Scherr J. , Hasan A. , Roeh A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Previous studies described various adaptive neuroplastic brain changes associated with physical activity (PA). EEG studies focused mostly on effects during or shortly after short bouts of exercise. This is the first study to investigate the capability of EEG to display PA‐induced long‐lasting plasticity in runners compared to a sedentary control group.

Methods

Thirty trained runners and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched sedentary controls (SC) were included as a subpopulation of the ReCaP (Running effects on Cognition and Plasticity) study. PA was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Resting‐state EEG of the runners was recorded in the tapering phase of the training for the Munich marathon 2017. Power spectrum analyses were conducted using standardized low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) and included the following frequency bands: delta: 1.5–6 Hz, theta: 6.5–8.0 Hz, alpha1: 8.5–10 Hz, alpha2: 10.5–12.0 Hz, beta1: 12.5–18.0 Hz, beta2: 18.5–21.0 Hz, beta3: 21.5–30.0 Hz, and total power (1.5–30 Hz).

Results

PA (IPAQ) and BMI differed significantly between the groups. The other included demographic parameters were comparable. Statistical nonparametric mapping showed no significant power differences in EEG between the groups.

Discussion

Heterogeneity in study protocols, especially in time intervals between exercise cessation and EEG recordings and juxtaposition of acute exercise‐induced effects on EEG in previous studies, could be possible reasons for the differences in results. Future studies should record EEG at different time points after exercise cessation and in a broader spectrum of exercise intensities and forms to further explore the capability of EEG in displaying long‐term exercise‐induced plasticity.
Knowledge mapping of neonatal electroencephalogram: A bibliometric analysis (2004–2022)
Authors: Zhang Ruijie , Shi Lifeng , Zhang Lu , Lin Xinao , Bao Yunlei , Jiang Feng , Wu Chuyan , Wang Jimei
Published: April 2024

Background

Electroencephalography (EEG), a widely used noninvasive neurophysiological diagnostic tool, has experienced substantial advancements from 2004 to 2022, particularly in neonatal applications. Utilizing a bibliometric methodology, this study delineates the knowledge structure and identifies emergent trends within neonatal EEG research.

Methods

An exhaustive literature search was conducted on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database to identify publications related to neonatal EEG from 2004 to 2022. Analytical tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix” were employed to facilitate this investigation.

Results

The search yielded 2501 articles originating from 79 countries, with the United States and England being the predominant contributors. A yearly upward trend in publications concerning neonatal EEG was observed. Notable research institutions leading this field include the University of Helsinki, University College London, and University College Cork. Clinical Neurophysiology is identified as the foremost journal in this realm, with Pediatrics as the most frequently co‐cited journal. The collective body of work from 9977 authors highlights Sampsa Vanhatalo as the most prolific contributor, while Mark Steven Scher is recognized as the most frequently co‐cited author. Key terms such as “seizures,” “epilepsy,” “hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy,” “amplitude‐integrated EEG,” and “brain injury” represent the focal research themes.

Conclusion

This bibliometric analysis offers the first comprehensive review, encapsulating research trends and progress in neonatal EEG. It reveals current research frontiers and crucial directions, providing an essential resource for researchers engaged in neonatal neuroscience.
Executive functions and brain morphology of male and female dominant and subordinate cichlid fish
Authors: Guadagno Angelo , Triki Zegni
Published: April 2024

Background

Living in a social dominance hierarchy presents different benefits and challenges for dominant and subordinate males and females, which might in turn affect their cognitive needs. Despite the extensive research on social dominance in group‐living species, there is still a knowledge gap regarding how social status impacts brain morphology and cognitive abilities.

Methods

Here, we tested male and female dominants and subordinates of Neolamprologus pulcher, a social cichlid fish species with size‐based hierarchy. We ran three executive cognitive function tests for cognitive flexibility (reversal learning test), self‐control (detour test), and working memory (object permanence test), followed by brain and brain region size measurements.

Results

Performance was not influenced by social status or sex. However, dominants exhibited a brain–body slope that was relatively steeper than that of subordinates. Furthermore, individual performance in reversal learning and detour tests correlated with brain morphology, with some trade‐offs among major brain regions like telencephalon, cerebellum, and optic tectum.

Conclusion

As individuals’ brain growth strategies varied depending on social status without affecting executive functions, the different associated challenges might yield a potential effect on social cognition instead. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of studying the individual and not just species to understand better how the individual's ecology might shape its brain and cognition.
Exploring the potential of bovine colostrum as a bioactive agent in human tissue regeneration: A comprehensive analysis of mechanisms of action and challenges to be overcome
Authors: dos Santos Pedro Rassier , Kraus Rosana Basso , da Silva Nascente Patrícia
Published: April 2024

The study examines bovine colostrum as a potent source of bioactive compounds, particularly growth factors, for tissue regeneration in humans. While previous research has hinted at therapeutic benefits, a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms remains elusive, necessitating further investigation. This review analyzes nine selected scientific articles on bovine colostrum's bioactive potential in tissue regeneration. In vitro studies highlight its positive impact on cell behavior, including reduced proliferation and induced differentiation. Notably, optimal concentrations and specific colostrum components, such as extracellular vesicles and insoluble milk fat, show more favorable outcomes. In vivo studies underscore bovine colostrum as a promising natural resource for wound healing, despite some studies failing to identify associated benefits. Further research is crucial to unravel the intricate mechanisms, grasp the full potential in regenerative medicine, and develop more effective wound healing therapies. This refined understanding will pave the way for harnessing the complete regenerative potential of bovine colostrum in clinical applications.
Characterizing an injectable alginate hydrogel as a co‐encapsulating system for beta cells and curcumin in type 1 diabetes therapy
Authors: Abbasi Parisa , Alemzadeh Iran , Vossoughi Manouchehr
Published: April 2024

Encapsulating insulin‐secreting cells within biocompatible hydrogels is a tissue engineering approach for type 1 diabetes treatment. Macroencapsulation is preferred over other encapsulation methods due to its easy implantation and retrieval. However, this treatment has challenges, including the need for invasive surgery for macrocapsule implantation and host response, resulting in fibrotic overgrowth around the implant and subsequent failure of the graft. Herein, an injectable alginate hydrogel, fabricated by different concentrations of as a retarding agent, was applied to avoid surgery. According to characterization tests, hydrogel made by 0.3 M showed a higher swelling ratio and diffusion coefficient, appropriate for the diffusion of nutrients, oxygen, and insulin. It was also stiffer with a lower swelling rate, demonstrating more robust elastic and solid‐like behaviour, suitable for cell attachment. Its small pore size (133.04 ± 53.28 μm), additionally, was essential for inhibiting immunoglobulins penetration. Thus, this hydrogel was used for RIN‐5F cells encapsulation and demonstrated good biocompatibility (>88% viability), and maintained the insulin‐releasing function of cells. Afterward, we co‐encapsulated beta cells with curcumin as an anti‐inflammatory drug and investigated the effect of this agent on cell behaviour in vitro. It was indicated that curcumin did not adversely affect viability and insulin secretion.
Numerical analysis and optimization on flow and heat transfer performance of HPD‐type perforated fins
Authors: Dai Hao , Wang Ling , Yang Peng , Li Aiyan , Wang Fazhong , Liu Yingwen
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we determine the trends and weights of the structural parameters on the heat transfer, flow resistance and comprehensive performance of high pressure direction (HPD)‐type perforated fins using Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings underscore the fin height as the most pivotal element affecting comprehensive performance, with its contribution ratio of 42.2%. Ultimately, the highest j‐factor, the lowest f‐factor, and the maximum JF‐factor were obtained as the objective functions, yielding the three most optimal sets of parameters. The findings reveal a remarkable 89.7% reduction in the f‐factor of the optimized HPD‐type perforated fins, accompanied by a substantial 127% augmentation in the JF‐factor compared to the HPD‐type fins.
Emerging Bio‐relevant Applications of Polymer Mechanochemistry
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Qian Hai
Published: April 2024

Polymer mechanochemistry has rapidly evolved since the mid‐2000s. Recent advancements highlight the development of mechanophore platforms for the controlled release of bioactive payloads and the exploration of biocompatible activation strategies. These platforms, ranging from furan‐maleimide Diels‐Alder adducts to disulfide motifs with β‐carbonate linkages, demonstrate promising prospects in targeted drug delivery. Additionally, supramolecular assemblies and free radical‐generating mechanophores present innovative avenues for potential therapeutic applications. Biocompatible activation methods, notably high‐intensity and/or low‐intensity focused ultrasound, hold potential for in vivo applications. However, challenges persist in comprehending the fundamental physics of ultrasound and its utilization for activation. Future directions emphasize the importance of simplicity in biocompatible platforms and polymer designs, stability under physiological conditions, and precise control of mechanical activation for enhanced biomedical and clinical utility. Despite the aforementioned chemical and technical obstacles, the outlook for polymer mechanochemistry in biomedical and clinical applications remains promising, urging continued exploration and advancement.

Key Scientists
Composites with Immobilized Bioactive Spirulina on an Inorganic Substrate (Yellow Clay, Hydroxyapatite, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO)
Authors: Kowalska Klaudia , Skwarek Ewa , Demianenko Evgeny , Paientko Victoria
Published: April 2024

In order to improve the structural properties of clays and composites of powdered spirulina, clay, nanosilica, hydroxyapatite, TiO2 and ZnO were used as an additive for mechanical processing. As a result, composites with natural nanostructured materials (NNM) are prepared with improved structural properties and bioactivity. The mixtures based on NNM with crystalline kaolinite, clays and admixtures were processed in a knife mill. The materials were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, SEM release of bioactive components (anthocyanin 0,004–0,07 mg/g; chlorophyll 20–29 mg/g), composite toxicity level (below 25%), particle size measurement and surface charge density, zeta potential. Adsorption enthalpies during the formation of an intermolecular complex during the interactions of an anthocyanin molecule with the appropriate component of the composite were also calculated. There are regularities in the characteristics depending on the type of NNM, particle morphology and textural features of solids. The morphological and structural properties of the components changed slighty in the blends because the processing was conducted under relatively low mechanical stress. The morphological, textural and structural characteristics of the composites as well as the transformation to a nanostructured state, assume great bioactive activity of the composites, interesting for practical applications in medicine and cosmetics.
The Chemistry of Chelation for Built Heritage Cleaning: The Removal of Copper and Iron Stains
Authors: Canevali Carmen , Sansonetti Antonio , Rampazzi Laura , Monticelli Damiano , D'Arienzo Massimiliano , Di Credico Barbara , Ghezzi Elena , Mostoni Silvia , Nisticò Roberto , Scotti Roberto
Published: April 2024

Chelators are widely used in conservation treatments to remove metal stains from marble, travertine, and limestone surfaces. In the current review the chemical aspects underlying the use of chelators for the removal of copper and iron stains from built heritage are described and clear criteria for the selection of the most efficient stain removal treatment are given. The main chelator structural features are outlined and the operating conditions for effective metal stain removal (pH, time of application, etc.) discussed, with a particular emphasis on the ability to form stable metal complexes, the high selectivity towards the metal that should be removed, and the high sustainability for the environment. Dense matrices often host chelators for higher effectiveness, and further research is required to clarify their role in the cleaning process. Then, relevant case studies of copper and iron stain removal are discussed. On these bases, the most effective chelators for copper and stain removal are indicated, providing chemists and conservation scientists with scientific support for conservation operations on stone works of art and opening the way to the synthesis of new chelators.
Abuse and Neglect of Children With Specific Learning Disorders in Türkiye: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Uzun Mehmet Erdem , Koşan Yekta , Şirin Hande
Published: April 2024

Background

Although it is often stated that children with special needs are at risk of being abused and neglected, research conducted on the abuse of children with specific learning disorders (SLDs) is limited.

Methods

This case–control study aims to compare exposure to neglect and abuse among children diagnosed with SLDs (case group) and children with typical development (control group). The study included children aged 6 to 12 years who were referred to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic and Pediatric Clinic of a hospital in Türkiye. The data collection process included 196 participants and lasted for 7 months in 2020.

Results

Based on the analysis of the data collected with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children‐Present and Lifetime Turkish Version (K‐SADS‐PL‐T) and the Abuse Assessment Questionnaire, we determined that children with SLDs were physically and emotionally abused more than the children of the control group. In addition, they witnessed violence between their parents more than the control group. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and witnessing family violence were identified as significant predictors for SLD.

Conclusions

The presence of SLDs is a significant risk factor for children to be exposed to abuse even in the absence of ADHD as a comorbidity.
Direct Palladium‐Catalyzed C5‐Arylation of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles with Aryl Chlorides Promoted by Bis(di‐isopropylphosphino) Ferrocene
Authors: Gelin Loris , Sabbadin Henri , Cattey Hélène , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Roger Julien
Published: April 2024

The direct palladium‐catalyzed C−H arylation of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles with challenging aryl chloride substrates is promoted by the use of a specifically designed electron‐rich ferrocenyl diphosphane. This protocol employs 0.5 to 1.0 mol % catalyst loading without any additives such as copper or ammonium salts, and equally tolerates electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents on the (heteroaryl)aryl halides, as illustrated by the efficient synthesis in 86 % yield of the anti‐tubercular agent PHOXPY (2‐(5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)pyrazine) by a late‐stage arylation using 2‐chloropyrazine.
Electrocatalysis‐driven sustainable plastic waste upcycling
Authors: Wang Gaihong , Chen Zhijie , Wei Wei , Ni Bing‐Jie
Published: April 2024

With large quantities and natural resistance to degradation, plastic waste raises growing environmental concerns in the world. To achieve the upcycling of plastic waste into value‐added products, the electrocatalytic‐driven process is emerging as an attractive option due to the mild operation conditions, high reaction selectivity, and low carbon emission. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the upgrading of plastic waste via electrocatalysis. Specifically, key electrooxidation processes including the target products, intermediates and reaction pathways in the plastic electro‐reforming process are discussed. Subsequently, advanced electrochemical systems, including the integration of anodic plastic monomer oxidation and value‐added cathodic reduction and photo‐involved electrolysis processes, are summarized. The design strategies of electrocatalysts with enhanced activity are highlighted and catalytic mechanisms in the electrocatalytic oxidation of plastic waste are elucidated. To promote the electrochemistry‐driven sustainable upcycling of plastic waste, challenges and opportunities are further put forward.
Comparison between inhalational anesthetics in terms of DNA damage and immunological markers
Authors: Braz Mariana G. , Silva Mariane A. P. , Scorza Carlos E. , Lara Juliana R. , Braz José Reinaldo C. , Braz Leandro G.
Published: April 2024

This study compared genetic damage and immunological markers between surgical patients who underwent inhalational anesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane. Blood samples were collected from surgical patients (n = 18 in the isoflurane group and n = 17 in the sevoflurane group) at baseline (before the anesthesia procedure) and the day after anesthesia. DNA damage was detected using an alkaline comet assay; proinflammatory interleukin (IL)‐6 was detected by flow cytometry, and white blood cells were detected via an automatic hematology analyzer. The characteristics of both groups were similar, and neither of the two anesthetics induced DNA damage. Similarly, mild neutrophilia was observed after anesthesia in both groups. Increased IL‐6 levels were observed 1 day after anesthesia regardless of the type of anesthetic, but this increase was greater in the isoflurane group. Our study suggested that isoflurane and sevoflurane administration may contribute to changes in the immune parameters measured, though no genotoxic hazard was identified, in healthy adult patients who undergo low‐stress surgery.
Adaptive mesh based efficient approximations for Darcy scale precipitation–dissolution models in porous media
Authors: Kumar Shridhar , Das Pratibhamoy , Kumar Kundan
Published: April 2024

In this work, we consider the Darcy scale precipitation–dissolution reactive transport 1D and 2D models in a porous medium and provide the adaptive mesh based numerical approximations for solving them efficiently. These models consist of a convection‐diffusion‐reaction PDE with reactions being described by an ODE having a nonlinear, discontinuous, possibly multi‐valued right hand side describing precipitate concentration. The bulk concentration in the aqueous phase develops fronts and the precipitate concentration is described by a free and time‐dependent moving boundary. The time adaptive moving mesh strategy, based on equidistribution principle in space and governed by a moving mesh PDE, is utilized and modified in the context of present problem for finite difference set up in 1D and finite element set up in 2D. Moreover, we use a predictor corrector based algorithm to solve the nonlinear precipitation–dissolution models. For equidistribution approach, we choose an adaptive monitor function and smooth it based on a diffusive mechanism. Numerical tests are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method by examples through finite difference approach for 1D and finite element approach in 2D. The moving mesh refinement accurately resolves the front location of Darcy scale precipitation–dissolution reactive transport model and reduces the computational cost in comparison to numerical simulations using a fixed mesh.
Improving the efficacy of phenolic extract from Pimpinella affinis in edible oils through nanoencapsulation: Utilizing chitosan and Salvia macrosiphon gum as coating agents
Authors: Abbasi Habib , Tavakoli Javad , Zare Fahimeh , Salmanpour Mohsen
Published: April 2024

In the present study, a phenolic extract derived from the Pimpinella affinis plant underwent nanoencapsulation. The nanoencapsulation process employed chitosan, Salvia macrosiphon gum (SMG), and a chitosan–SMG complex (1:1) (CCS) as coating agents. The evaluation of nanoemulsions encompassed measurements of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), ζ‐potential, encapsulation efficiency, and intensity distribution parameters. The overall results of these assessments indicated that the nanoemulsion coated with CCS exhibited the most favorable characteristics when compared to other treatments. Subsequently, this specific nanoencapsulated sample was utilized to enhance the oxidative stability of canola oil at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 ppm (parts per million). Oxidative stability tests, assessed through the total oxidation value (TOTOX) index, highlighted the superior performance of the nanoencapsulated extract, particularly at a concentration of 300 ppm. This enhancement can be attributed to the increased release of phenolic compounds from the CCS coating into the canola oil. The findings illustrate that the nanoencapsulation process can significantly enhance the efficacy of P. affinis extract in improving the oxidative stability of canola oil.
Auditing the prescription drug consumer price index in a changing marketplace
Authors: Hicks Andrew L. , Berndt Ernst R. , Frank Richard G.
Published: April 2024

Changes in the dynamics of prescription drug markets have raised issues regarding whether the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS’) Prescription Drug Consumer Price Index (CPI‐Rx) has adequately kept up with the evolving marketplace. The CPI‐Rx limits its sampling frame to retail outpatient outlets and excludes prescription pharmaceuticals dispensed in non‐retail settings such as hospitals, physician/clinic outpatient facilities, and nursing homes. Thus, the CPI‐Rx overlooks the increasingly important specialty pharmaceuticals dispensed in non‐retail settings, whose transactions are instead captured in the overall hospital and professional services component of the medical care CPI. Specialty drugs now account for about 55% of all U.S. drug spending, double the share of a decade earlier. To the extent specialty drug price growth differs from that of traditional pharmaceuticals, the CPI‐Rx could provide an inaccurate measure of overall drug price inflation. We calculate a chained Laspeyres CPI using data from the Merative™ MarketScan® Databases for the years 2010–2019 and IQVIA‐designated specialty drugs and offer evidence showing that by not sampling specialty drugs in non‐retail settings, the CPI‐Rx has understated overall U.S. prescription drug inflation by just under 75 basis points annually. We discuss implications for health care policy and suggest the BLS examine the feasibility of publishing an overall pharmaceutical price index incorporating both traditional and specialty pharmaceuticals dispensed in retail and non‐retail settings.
A comprehensive review on phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer: Focusing on their mechanism of action
Authors: Arnab Md. Kamrul Hasan , Islam Md. Rabiul , Rahman Mohammad Saydur
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Pancreatic cancer develops in the normal tissues of the pancreas from malignant cells. The chance of recovery is not good, and the chance of survival 5 years following diagnosis is quite low. Pancreatic cancer treatment strategies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy had relatively low success rates. Therefore, the present study aims to explore new therapies for treating pancreatic cancer.

Methods

The present study searched for information about pancreatic cancer pathophysiology, available treatment options; and their comparative benefits and challenges. Aiming to identify potential alternative therapeutics, this comprehensive review analyzed information from renowned databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

Results

In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in the possibility that natural compounds could be used as treatments for cancer. Cannabinoids, curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, and triptolide are some of the anticancer phytochemicals now used to manage pancreatic cancer. The above compounds are utilized by inhibiting or stimulating biological pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell growth inhibition or reduction, oxidative stress, epithelial–mesenchymal transformation, and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in the management of pancreatic cancer.

Conclusion

Right now, surgery is the only therapeutic option for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, most people who get sick have been diagnosed too late to benefit from potentially effective surgery. Alternative medications, like natural compounds and herbal medicines, are promising complementary therapies for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we recommend large‐scale standardized clinical research for the investigation of natural compounds to ensure their consistency and comparability in pancreatic cancer treatment.
From significance testing to estimation and Open Science: How esci can help
Authors: Calin‐Jageman Robert , Cumming Geoff
Published: April 2024

We argue that researchers should test less, estimate more, and adopt Open Science practices. We outline some of the flaws of null hypothesis significance testing and take three approaches to demonstrating the unreliability of the p value. We explain some advantages of estimation and meta‐analysis (“the new statistics”), especially as contributions to Open Science practices, which aim to increase the openness, integrity, and replicability of research. We then describe esci (estimation statistics with confidence intervals): a set of online simulations and an R package for estimation that integrates into jamovi and JASP. This software provides (a) online activities to sharpen understanding of statistical concepts (e.g., “The Dance of the Means”); (b) effects sizes and confidence intervals for a range of study designs, largely by using techniques recently developed by Bonett; (c) publication‐ready visualisations that make uncertainty salient; and (d) the option to conduct strong, fair hypothesis evaluation through specification of an interval null. Although developed specifically to support undergraduate learning through the 2nd edition of our textbook, esci should prove a valuable tool for graduate students and researchers interested in adopting the estimation approach. Further information is at (
https://thenewstatistics.com).
Four Milligrams of Phenomenology: An Anthro‐Phenomenological Exploration of Smoking Cigarettes
Authors: Dennis Simone
Published: April 2024

The commonplace activities of eating and sexual interaction (of some types) have captured and held the attention of anthropologists and phenomenologists. Each of these activities has been routinely considered in terms of pleasure and danger. Each is (or, in the case of sex, may be) penetrative, and involves the circulation of matter inside the body after that matter has breached what we come to identify as the boundaries of the body. Penetration may be considered to be the basis upon which pleasure and danger rest in many anthropological and phenomenological explorations of these aspects of human social life. Another penetrative activity, smoking, might also be considered to be both pleasurable and dangerous. This paper explores the ways in which frameworks of pleasure and danger are contained in pro‐ and anti‐smoking discourse, and how these discourses relate to, and depart from, the smoking experiences of a small number of cigarette smokers.
Where Have All the Vampires Gone? An Examination of Gothic Horror in BBC's Luther
Authors: Logsdon Richard
Published: April 2024

Gothic horror has found a home in several recent European crime dramas. One of these dramas is BBC's four‐season series Luther. Episode after episode, London “copper” John Luther tracks down a sociopathic killer whose monstrous actions are easily the equivalent of those committed by the creatures of traditional Gothic horror. Just as significantly, Luther's encounters with the evil represented by these killers taps into those anxieties that currently grip a European continent that has experienced mass shootings, mass stabbings, suicide bombings, baby trafficking, sex trafficking, and killings related to the smuggling of drugs and diamonds. This essay thus represents a unique contribution to the existing body of scholarship devoted to the study of the merging of Gothic horror and contemporary European crime drama.
“A Man Must Have a Code”: A Contrast of Black and White Masculinity in The Wire
Authors: Wilson Graeme
Published: April 2024

The Wire, which aired on premium channel cable HBO from 2002 to 2008, is one of the most acclaimed series ever produced for the medium of television. Set in Baltimore, The Wire examines American bureaucracy and ruminates on the shortcomings of public institutions. Notably, more than half of The Wire's ensemble is African American, and while this accurately reflects Baltimore's racial demographics, such diversity remains a rarity in American dramatic television. Thus, The Wire provides a unique opportunity for scholarly research on cultural representations of race and gender in popular media, particularly regarding how they intersect. The goal of this critical studies essay is to determine if The Wire perpetuates or challenges popular notions of hegemonic masculinity, and how they differ across racial representations. This is especially important given the prominent role that popular media plays in influencing expectations amongst male viewers towards idealized masculinity in society.
Book Review of Retcon Game: Retroactive Continuity and the Hyperlinking of America by Andrew J. Friedenthal
Authors: Green Amy M.
Published: April 2024

This book review explores Andrew J. Friedenthal's Retcon Game: Retroactive Continuity and the Hyperlinking of America and his fascinating and important conclusions about history and continuity in the digital and social media age.
Space Race
Authors: Steeves H. Peter
Published: April 2024

Through an investigation of popular culture sources focused on our relationship with space exploration, this essay asks if and how we might go about traveling off‐planet in an ethical way. Moving from a reading of Georges Méliès' silent film, A Trip to the Moon (1902), to the history of the Soviet space program, to contemporary plans to colonize the moon and Mars, questions of the value of science and discovery are juxtaposed with questions of racism, speciesism, environmentalism, and social justice.