bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and precision of a CT method for assessing migration in shoulder arthroplasty: an experimental study
Authors: Brodén Cyrus , Giles Joshua W , Popat Ravi , Fetherston Shirley , Olivecrona Henrik , Sandberg Olof , Maguire Gerald Q , Noz Marilyn E , Sköldenberg Olof , Emery Roger
Published: November 2019

Background

Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the gold standard to measure early implant migration which is a predictive factor for implant survival.

Purpose

To validate an alternative computed tomography (CT) technique to measure implant migration in shoulder arthroplasty.

Material and Methods

A cadaver proximal humerus and a scapula, which had tantalum beads incorporated within them, were prepared to accept a short-stemmed humeral component and a two-pegged glenoid component of a commercial total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) system. A five degree of freedom micrometer and goniometer equipped rig was used to translate and rotate the implant components relative to the respective bone to predetermined positions. Double CT examinations were performed for each position and CT motion analysis software (CTMA) was used to assess these movements. The accuracy and precision of the software was estimated using the rig’s micrometers and goniometers as the gold standard. The technique’s effective dose was also assessed.

Results

The accuracy was in the range of 0.07–0.23 mm in translation and 0.22–0.71° in rotation. The precision was in the range of 0.08–0.15 mm in translation and 0.23–0.54° in rotation. The mean effective dose for the CT scans was calculated to be 0.27 mSv.

Conclusion

In this experimental setting, accuracy, precision, and effective dose of the CTMA technique were found to be comparable to that of RSA. Therefore, we believe clinical studies are warranted to determine if CTMA is a suitable alternative to traditional RSA for migration measurements in TSA.
Comparison of tissue tracking assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance for cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jung Hye Na , Kim Sung Mok , Lee Jeong Hyun , Kim Yiseul , Lee Sang-Chol , Jeon Eun-Seok , Yong Hwan Seok , Choe Yeon Hyeon
Published: November 2019

Background

Administration of gadolinium-contrast can cause problems in cardiac amyloidosis (CA) patients with impaired renal function.

Purpose

To compare patterns of cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tracking (CMR-TT) for CA and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to assess the feasibility of CMR-TT to distinguish between these diseases without administration of gadolinium-contrast.

Material and Methods

Included were 54 patients with biopsy-proven CA, 40 patients with HCM, and 30 healthy people. We calculated strain ratio of apex to base (SRAB) in the left ventricle (LV) using radial (R), circumferential (C), and longitudinal (L) strain from CMR-TT. The LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and the ratio of septal to posterior wall at basal level were also calculated. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) image analysis was performed for differential diagnosis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) comparisons were used.

Results

All SRAB values were significantly different between CA and HCM (all P <  0.001). AUC values for parameters were 0.806 for LVEF, 0.815 for ratio of wall thickness, 0.944 for the LGE pattern, 0.898 for SRABR, 0.880 for SRABC, and 0.805 for SRABL. AUCs for the LGE pattern were significantly higher than for LVEF, ratio of wall thickness and SRABL (all P <  0.008). No significant differences were seen between AUCs for the LGE pattern, SRABR, and SRABC (all P >  0.109).

Conclusion

SRABR and SRABC were reliable parameters for distinguishing between CA and HCM.
Crosslinking effects of branched PEG on decellularized lungs of rats for tissue engineering
Authors: Xie Mengying , Wang Zhiyi , Wan Xinlong , Weng Jie , Tu Mengyun , Mei Jin , Wang Zhibin , Du Xiaohong , Wang Liangxing , Chen Chan
Published: November 2019

Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been paid much attention to its applications in tissue engineering. However, the studies on poly (ethylene glycol) in tissue applications were currently far from enough. To investigate the crosslinking effects of poly (ethylene glycol) in mechanical properties, anti-enzymatic ability and cytocompatibility, in this study, the poly (ethylene glycol) was crosslinked to decellularized lung scaffolds from rats. In order to obtain the PEGylated decellularized lung scaffold, the N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate was first used to modify the decellularized lung scaffold, and a four-arm- poly (ethylene glycol) containing four acrylate groups was then crosslinked to the decellularized lung scaffold by the Michael addition reaction between acrylate group and sulfhydryl group. The results showed that the optimal concentration of poly (ethylene glycol) and reaction time of PEGylation of decellularized lung scaffold was 40 mg/mL and 4 h, respectively. Histological examinations, SEM and quantification of tissue morphology by septal thickness consistently indicated no differences between PEGylated and normal decellularized lung scaffold in morphology. Compared with native lung and normal decellularized lung scaffold, the Young's modulus and stiffness of PEGylated decellularized lung scaffold increased significantly, whereas enzymatic degradation rate of PEGylated decellularized lung scaffold decreased significantly, suggesting that poly (ethylene glycol) significantly enhanced the biomechanical property and anti-enzymatic stability of decellularized lung scaffold. Further, no significant differences in cell viability were found between PEGylated and normal decellularized lung scaffold, suggesting no toxicity introduction of poly (ethylene glycol) into decellularized lung scaffold by the crosslinking. These findings may provide useful information for further applications of poly (ethylene glycol) in tissue engineering.
Pathways to Seeking Help From a Partner Abuse Intervention Program: A Qualitative Study of Voluntary and Non-Court-Mandated Latino Men’s Experiences
Authors: Davis Maxine , Fernandez Bruno , Jonson-Reid Melissa , Kyriakakis Stavroula
Published: November 2019

Involvement in treatment for intimate partner violence and abuse (IPV/A) perpetration is often limited to those who are arrested and convicted of domestic violence offenses. Consequently, the majority of research into partner abuse intervention programs (PAIPs; also known as batterer intervention programs [BIPs]) has utilized data from court-mandated participants despite the existence of voluntary programs. Therefore, little is known about the experiences of voluntary and non-court-mandated BIP/PAIP participants. Using an interpretive phenomenological analysis, this study sought to understand how participants perceived their lived experience in seeking help from a voluntary BIP/PAIP serving Latino men. Men volunteering for this study participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews ( N = 16). The findings reveal that the decision to engage in a BIP/PAIP voluntarily is process laden. Participants described the process as involving a breakdown in the health of their intimate relationship, reaching tipping points at which avoiding help was no longer an option, and locating specific information on where to seek treatment. The findings also reveal that once involved, most participants anticipated and desired to engage in the program long term. This study illuminates the many factors that may contribute to decision-making when men who have acted abusively seek help. Strategies for increasing voluntary BIP/PAIP participation may involve enhancing marketing of services or information for accessing services, and personal relationship building between facilitators and potential participants.
Perceptions of Spiritual Care Education, Competence, and Barriers in Providing Spiritual Care Among Registered Nurses
Authors: Green Alexis , Kim-Godwin Yeoun Soo , Jones Carolyn W.
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore registered nurses’ (RNs) perceptions of their spiritual care competence (SCC), preparedness, and barriers to providing spiritual care and frequency of provision of spiritual care. Additionally, the study aimed to examine associations between spiritual care education, preparedness, competence, and frequency. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study included demographic questions, the Spiritual Care Competency scale, the Nurses’ Spiritual Care Therapeutics scale, the Spiritual Care Practice questionnaire subscale II, and three open-ended questions. Findings: This online survey was completed by 391 RNs enrolled in postlicensure programs at a public state university in southeastern United States. A majority of participants reported not feeling prepared to provide spiritual care. There were strong associations between receiving spiritual care education in prelicensure programs or at work, and self-reported feelings of preparedness, as well as overall SCC. The level of SCC was positively correlated with spiritual care frequency and number of years working as an RN. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the need for spiritual care education in prelicensure programs as well as on the job training for RNs.
Theoretical thermodynamic performance assessment of various environment-friendly novel refrigerants used in refrigeration systems
Authors: Shaik Sharmas Vali , Babu TP Ashok
Published: November 2019

The present investigation focuses on theoretical performance of various new environment-friendly refrigerant mixtures as substitutes to high global warming potential refrigerant R22. In this investigation, 34 refrigerants were considered at various composition. In this work, both complex vapor compression cycle (actual cycle) and standard vapor compression cycle (ideal cycle) was considered for the performance assessment of refrigerants. Vital studies such as flammability, toxicity, and environmental impact of various novel refrigerants were also carried out in this study. Results obtained from actual cycle showed that the coefficient of performance of refrigerant mixture RM40 (R1270/R134a 90/10 in mass %) (2.728) was the greatest among 34 investigated alternatives and it was closer to the coefficient of performance of R22 (2.770). Compressor discharge temperature of RM40 was 13.36 ℃ lower when compared with R22. Volumetric refrigeration capacity of RM40 (3335 kJ/m3) was slightly higher than that of R22 (3297 kJ/m3). Power spent per ton of refrigeration of RM40 (1.288 kW/TR) was marginally higher than that of R22 (1.269 kW/TR). Global warming potential (GWP100) of RM40 (133) was very low compared to the GWP100 of R22 (1760). Total equivalent warming index (environmental impact) of RM40 was 5.61% lower than R22. However, performance results obtained from standard cycle for various investigated refrigerants were better than actual cycle, since various losses occur were neglected in the standard cycle. Overall, thermodynamic performance of refrigerant mixture RM40 (R1270/R134a 90/10 in mass %) obtained from both actual and standard cycle was the highest among 34 investigated refrigerants and it was very closer to the performance of R22 and hence, it could be considered as an environment-friendly alternative to replace high GWP refrigerant R22 used in refrigeration systems.
Parametric optimization of deep cryogenic treatment for the wear response of implant material UNS R56700: Taguchi’s approach
Authors: Singh Paramjit , Pungotra Harish , Kalsi Nirmal S
Published: November 2019

Using the Taguchi’s robust design of experiments methodology, this article presents the systematic identification and optimization of most influential parameters of deep cryogenic treatment process to minimize the specific wear rate of UNS R56700 (Ti6Al7Nb). In addition to the different soaking durations (0–96 h) at 77 K and different tempering temperatures (room temperature, 403–523 K), three commonly used variables of pin-on-disk test, namely, sliding speed (1.047–2.723 ms−1), contact pressure (0.641–1.282 MPa), and sliding time (600–2280 s) were chosen to conduct the tests. During dry sliding conditions, pin-on-disk tribo-tests were performed to slide Ti6Al7Nb on the surface of UNS 52986 (En31) material as per standardized ASTM G99 guidelines. Experimentally measured wear rate values were converted to signal–noise ratio to statistically analyze the influence of five control variables using pooled analysis of variance and F-test. Statistically found influential control variables are confirmed experimentally. The results show that sliding speed, contact pressure and soaking duration are the most significant factors influencing the wear rate. In contrast, the parameters, that is, tempering temperature and sliding time, exhibit a lower level of influence. Microstructural characterizations done using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques suggested that deep cryogenic treatment favors the refinement of grain size of present phases with reduction in β-stabilization (β-phase) in Ti6Al7Nb. The possible reasons for the improvement in wear rate of Ti6Al7Nb underlying the morphological alterations have been explained.
Assessment of energy strategy pressure based on geographical information system
Authors: Qing Feng , Liu Xiaohuan , Jiang Zhaoyong , Li Shaoda
Published: November 2019

Many studies have used geographical information system tools on a small scale for the analysis of energy potential, energy planning, and energy consumption, but there has been no example of the use of geographical information system tools to study large-scale pressures on energy strategies. This paper presents an analysis and assessment of energy strategy pressure for most countries worldwide using geographical information system mapping techniques. The research first presents an index system and a model for the evaluation of energy strategy pressure. Then, with the aid of geographical information system tools, an analysis and an evaluation of global energy strategy pressure are carried out. The factors that influence the development of energy strategies together constitute the energy strategy pressure index system: these include economic, environmental, resource, science and technology, security, and spatial pressure factors. For each pressure factor, a number of indicators are considered. The spatial distribution of the global energy strategy pressure index is dominated by band-like features, which are consistent with the global distribution of population and cities, the map of the continents and the Chinese Belt and Road proposals.
Contradictions and conflicts: Researching school as conflictual social practice
Authors: Højholt Charlotte , Kousholt Dorte
Published: November 2019

How can theoretical psychology develop concepts for analyzing connections between subjective dilemmas in everyday life and contradictions in historical social practice? We discuss this question by analyzing conflicts related to problems in children’s school lives. One frequent conflict is whether school problems should be explored in relation to individual deficits and deviations, family background, how the school is organized, the societal task of education, etc. However, such conflicts often become concealed by psychological concepts, which contributes to individualization, categorization, and the displacement of problems. We argue that theoretical development of the concept of conflict may support the widespread endeavors to transcend such reductionism by developing contextual and dialectical understandings of personal dilemmas. Through examples from empirical studies, the article illustrates how political conflicts concerning societal institutions (such as schools) form part of both intersubjective conflicts about common matters and personal conflicts in the conduct of everyday life.
Middle-Holocene environmental change and archaeology in coastal wetlands: Further implications for our understanding of the history of Taxus woodland
Authors: Batchelor Christopher Robert , Branch Nicholas P , Carew Timothy , Elias Scott E , Gale Rowena , Lafferty Gemma E , Matthews Ian P , Meddens Frank , Vaughan-Williams Alys , Webster Lucy A , Young Daniel Stuart
Published: November 2019

A radiocarbon-dated multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental record from Beckton in the Lower Thames Valley, Southern England, has permitted a detailed reconstruction of human activities and environmental change during the middle-Holocene. Peat accumulation occurred over river terrace gravels from ca. 7200 to 6600 until at least 3450–3240 cal. BP, and in the later period a trackway and platform structure provide unequivocal evidence for human exploitation of the floodplain environment during the Bronze Age. The site is unique in offering the first certain evidence of the utilisation of Taxus in the construction of a wooden prehistoric platform. Across north-west Europe during the middle-Holocene, the colonisation of Taxus on peat is well documented; at Beckton, it occurred between ca. 5220–4940 and 4410–4220 cal. BP. This research provides important insights into the former distribution of Taxus, and reasons for its expansion and decline during the Holocene, which has relevance to present-day concerns over the conservation and management of Taxus woodland. Abandonment of the site occurred in response to environmental change to wetter conditions. The study employed multi-proxy analyses, including pollen, plant and wood macrofossils, and uniquely Coleoptera; Coleopteran analysis has significant potential to enhance understandings of environmental change and human–environment interactions in coastal wetland research.
Relative Deprivation as a Factor of Sociopolitical Destabilization: Toward a Quantitative Comparative Analysis of the Arab Spring Events
Authors: Korotayev Andrey V. , Shishkina Alisa R.
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes relative deprivation as a possible factor of sociopolitical instability during the Arab Spring events using the methods of correlation and multiple regression analysis. In this case, relative deprivation is operationalized in two ways: (a) through the indicator of subjective feeling of happiness on the eve of the events of the Arab Spring, and (b) through the scale of decrease of the subjective feeling of happiness on the eve of the events of Arab Spring. It is shown that the change in the level of subjective feeling of happiness between 2009 and 2010 is a powerful, statistically significant predictor of the level of destabilization in Arab countries in 2011. The next most powerful predictor is the mean value of the subjective feeling of happiness in the corresponding country for 2010. At the same time, the fundamental economic indicators we tested, while controlling for them, have turned out to be extremely weak and at the same time statistically insignificant predictors of the level of sociopolitical instability in the Arab countries in 2011.
Relapsed refractory metastatic squamous cell cancer of anal canal in a patient with retroviral infection responding to cetuximab
Authors: Lerner Jaren , Michel Miguel , Dasanu Constantin A
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Conventional first-line therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal is definitive chemoradiotherapy with a curative intent. Due to the efficacy of treatment for locoregional disease and rarity of metastatic anal carcinoma, clinical trial data for treatment of metastatic disease is lacking.

Case report

Herein, we describe a patient with relapsed, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal treated with cetuximab as the third-line therapy. Management and outcome: The patient responded to this pharmacological agent, meeting the definition of a partial response per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST).

Discussion

EGFR inhibitors are potential avenues for the subsequent lines of therapy in metastatic or relapsed/refractory anal cancer. Prospective clinical trials of cetuximab alone or in combination with other agents are warranted in this setting in the future.
Low-Intensity Exercise Training Increases Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Brenner Ingrid K. M. , Brown C. Ann , Hains Sylvia J. M. , Tranmer Joan , Zelt David T. , Brown Peter M.
Published: November 2019

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), consistent with others with atherosclerotic occlusive disorders, have autonomic dysfunction (as measured by low heart rate variability [HRV]) that predisposes them to sympathetically mediated cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Exercise therapy has been shown to increase HRV in patients with coronary artery disease by increasing parasympathetic modulation of heart rate. This study quantified the circulatory and autonomic effects of a progressive, 12-week home-based, low-intensity (pain-free walking) exercise program in PAD and intermittent claudication. Participants ( N = 33, mean age 67.8 8.1 years) were randomly assigned to either a walking group ( n = 18), whose members performed a structured, 12-week, progressive walking program 5 days/week for 12 weeks, or a comparison group ( n = 15), whose members performed usual activities. Circulatory measures (heart rate, blood pressure, and rate pressure product) and autonomic measures (HRV) were obtained at the beginning (Week 1) and end (Week 12) of the study. Minimal change in circulatory measures occurred. However, spectral analysis of HRV revealed that autonomic function improved significantly in members of the walking group; specifically, there was an increase in parasympathetic and a decrease in sympathetic modulation. Members of the walking group also significantly increased maximal walking distance. These findings suggest that a structured, low-intensity, high-frequency walking program improves autonomic function by increasing HRV in patients with PAD.
The Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction on Locomotor Rehabilitation Potential in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Denissen Stijn , De Cock Alexander , Meurrens Tom , Vleugels Luc , Van Remoortel Ann , Gebara Benoit , D’Haeseleer Miguel , D’Hooghe Marie B , Van Schependom Jeroen , Nagels Guy
Published: November 2019

Background:

Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) but its effect on locomotor rehabilitation is unknown.

Objective:

To study the impact of cognitive impairment on locomotor rehabilitation outcome in people with MS.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis involving ambulatory patients with MS who were admitted for intensive, inpatient, multidisciplinary rehabilitation at the National Multiple Sclerosis Center of Melsbroek between the years 2012 and 2017. The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N) was used to determine the cognitive status of subjects as either impaired (COG–) or preserved (COG+). Locomotor outcome was compared between groups with the difference in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) measured at admission and discharge (Δ6MWT). In addition, individual test scores of the BRB-N for attention (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test 2” and 3”), visuospatial learning/memory (7/24 Spatial Recall Test), verbal learning/memory (Selective Reminding Test) and verbal fluency (Controlled Oral Word Association Test) were correlated to the Δ6MWT.

Results:

A total of 318 complete and unique records were identified. Both groups showed a significant within-group Δ6MWT during hospitalization (COG+: 47.51 m; COG–: 40.97 m; P < .01). In contrast, Δ6MWT values were comparable between groups. The odds of achieving a minimal clinical important difference on the 6MWT did not differ significantly between both groups. Only attention/concentration was significantly correlated with Δ6MWT (r = 0.16, P = .013).

Conclusion:

Cognitive impairment based on BRB-N results appears not to impede locomotor rehabilitation in ambulatory patients with MS. Attentional deficits are correlated to the extent of locomotor rehabilitation, suggesting the presence of a subtle effect of cognition.
Use of Biologics in Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Refractory to First-Line Systemic Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Naidoo Avee , Sibbald Cathryn , Fleming Patrick J. , Piguet Vincent
Published: November 2019

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an uncommon, inflammatory, papulosquamous skin disease. Treatment of PRP is challenging as the disease is often refractory to conventional therapies, such as retinoids and methotrexate. There has been an increasing number of studies reporting the successful use of biologic therapy in patients with PRP; however, the data on the efficacy and safety are limited. Our objective was to evaluate the existing evidence for utilizing biologics, whether alone or in combination with established systemic therapies, in patients with treatment-resistant PRP. We systematically reviewed evidence within Medline and Pubmed databases between January 1, 2000, to March 31, 2019. Articles consisted of patients diagnosed with PRP who have failed to respond sufficiently to first-line systemic therapies, or who had comorbidities that precluded their use. In total, 363 unique articles were identified, 56 of which were considered relevant to the clinical question. Of the 56 articles highlighted, 35 met the inclusion criteria and were limited to case series and case studies. Therapy with biologics was found to be successful for both monotherapy (81.1% [27/33]) and when used in combination with existing systemic therapies (87.5% [14/16]). The existing evidence suggests that biologics may be regarded as a tool for PRP treatment alone or in combination therapy with existing treatments, although large-scale randomized clinical trials are necessary to better assess their efficacy and safety.
Self-reported mental health and mental illness among university music students in the United States
Authors: Koops Lisa Huisman , Kuebel Christa R
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the self-reported mental health state of US music majors. The participants ( n = 252) completed a researcher-designed online survey, including questions regarding mental health literacy and the DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale). The survey also included three open-ended questions about mental health as music majors. We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and factor analysis; we coded and qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses. Results suggested that (a) a majority of music major participants in this study reported mild to extreme levels of depression, anxiety, and stress; (b) factor analysis of the Mental Health Literacy scale developed for this survey suggested a two-factor solution of mental health literacy, differentiated by locus of control; and (c) the heavy workload and curricular obligations, as well as the emotional connection to music-making and critique, contributed to self-reported challenges.
Evaluation of textured journal bearings under dynamic operating conditions in rotating machinery
Authors: Ramos Leandro Ito , Ramos Douglas Jhon , Daniel Gregory Bregion
Published: November 2019

In order to obtain rotating machinery with improved energy efficiency, the approach of surface texturing journal bearings has been adopted to reduce the viscous dissipation in the lubricant. A possible reduction in shear viscous forces in the bearings of rotating machines could reduce the amount of heat released along its operation, resulting in a lower operating temperature that tends to improve journal bearings performance and the machine’s energetic efficiency. Thus, this work aims to investigate the texturing of journal bearings under dynamic loading conditions, considering the application in rotating systems. For this, computational simulations are performed through a rotating system model constructed by means of the finite element method in which the hydrodynamic journal bearings that support the rotor are modeled by Reynolds’ equation using the finite volume method and the full multigrid technique. The numerical results show that textured journal bearings can be applied to rotating machines, providing reductions in shear viscous forces. However, the magnitude of this reduction should be carefully evaluated, as the Reynolds cavitation model was applied to ensure a lower computational spent time and thus enable the simulations involved in this study. The novelty of this study is related to determining the appropriate distributions and geometric parameters of the textures for the journal bearing under dynamic load condition considering its equivalent static load condition what tends to drastically reduce computational time to perform this procedure, representing an important alternative for industrial application.
Pre-task planning and discourse cohesion: Analysis of Chinese EFL learners’ referential use in oral narratives
Authors: Qin Jie , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2019

While the research on pretask planning has concentrated on its effects on learners’ task performance in terms of fluency, accuracy, and complexity, its possible influence on the overall discourse level, such as discourse management and coherence, has been largely ignored. The present study addresses the inadequacy by uncovering the potential effects of pretask planning on Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) learners’ selection of referential expressions in oral narratives. Fifty-six intermediate-level learners were tasked with retelling the story of Modern Times under one of two conditions, that is, either with 10-minutes strategic planning or without any planning time. An additional 25 native speakers (NSs) also narrated the same story under the same task conditions. Their narratives were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded based on a coding scheme that distinguished the roles of characters, types of reference, and discursive status of reference. A combination of statistical analysis and discourse analysis showed that (1) compared with NSs, the EFL learners were overexplicit in using noun phrases and proper names to refer to singular characters, but not so in joint reference to the major characters; and (2) pretask planning facilitated more target-like selection of referential expressions when major characters were referred to, although it did not bring the learners’ performance up to NS standards. However, the impact of planning time on referential use seemed to be moderated by the role prominence. These findings were explained within the framework of Levelt’s speech production model and Skehan’s Limited Attentional Capacity Hypothesis.
‘Is it ever enough?’ Exploring academic language and learning advisory identities through small stories
Authors: Grossi Vittoria , Gurney Laura
Published: November 2019

Contemporarily, higher education workplaces are characterised by collaboration, transitions, fluidity and the crossing of boundaries, where individuals are involved in ongoing negotiation of multilayered identities and simultaneous membership to various groups. These conditions impact the negotiation of professional identities, work and work relationships. One group of professionals affected by the impetus to fluidly operate within institutions are academic language and learning (ALL) advisors. In this article, we explore the identity negotiation of a novice ALL advisor through a positioning lens, focusing on small stories conveyed during an interview. We highlight the ways in which she constructs identities vis-à-vis interactions with students and within the ideological and institutional structures of the contemporary university. This article contributes an important new perspective to existing depictions of ALL advisors as a marginalised group of professionals, making space for the study of advisory agency alongside structural analyses. While continuing to negotiate structural challenges, we argue that the participant’s sense of agency needs to be garnered to strengthen group identity and allow for professionals to transition to the role.
Escaping the news desert: Nonprofit news and open-system journalism organizations
Authors: Ferrucci Patrick , Alaimo Kathleen I
Published: November 2019

This case study examines the social institutional influence on how a nonprofit community newspaper conducts newswork. Utilizing both in-depth interviews and participant observation, the data illustrate how the government, the audience, donors and advertising impact news construction processes. The results are analyzed through both management and media sociology theories. Finally, the authors elucidate how nonprofit news organizations can optimally operate as an open-system (or organism), allowing for all peripheral social institutions to impact newswork without losing any autonomy over the journalism.
Long Noncoding RNA GM16343 Promotes IL-36β to Regulate Tumor Microenvironment by CD8+T cells
Authors: Mao Deli , Hu Chenrui , Zhang Jianglei , Feng Chao , Zhang Zhe , Wang Jin , Man Zhongsong , Zhu Zhongwei , Wang Yunliang , Zhao Hua , Zhu Xinguo , Ouyang Jun , Dong Xiaoqiang , Zhao Xin
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA GM16343 on interleukin 36β promotion of CD8+T cells in tumor microenvironment regulation.

Methods:

The differentially expressed long noncoding RNA in interleukin 36β-stimulated mouse CD8+T cells was screened by gene chip technology, and the significant differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lentiviral vector that overexpresses or knockdown GM16343 was constructed, transfected into CD8+T cells, and stimulated with interleukin 36β, and the amount of interferon γ secreted was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A mouse subcutaneous xenograft model that stably express interleukin 36β was established, and the tumor size and mouse survival time were observed by stimulation with CD8+T cells overexpression or knockdown of GM16343.

Results:

A total of 12 long noncoding RNAs with significant differences were screened by gene chip analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the difference in GM16343 was larger, and the difference between the groups was observed to be the most significant. Compared to control group, CD8+T cells overexpressing GM16343 increased the secretion of interferon γ, and the tumor diameter of the mice after stimulation showed significant reduction, and the survival time showed significant prolongation. Compared to control group, the CD8+T cells after GM16343 were knocked down. The interferon γ secretion was decreased, and no significant change in tumor diameter and survival time was observed.

Conclusion:

Interleukin 36β may enhance antitumor immune response of CD8+T cells by regulating GM16343.
Context-Dependent Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease With Freezing of Gait
Authors: Lee Ya-Yun , Tai Chun-Hwei , Fisher Beth E.
Published: November 2019

Background. Context-dependent behavior is a phenomenon in which people demonstrate superior performance in the context where a motor task was originally learned, but show poorer performance in an unfamiliar context. Previous studies found that people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) demonstrated greater context-dependency than nondisabled adults. Moreover, the frontostriatal circuit appeared to play a role in mediating context-dependent behavior. Neuroimaging studies showed that people with PD and freezing of gait (FoG) had difficulty recruiting the frontostriatal circuit when performing a set-shifting task, known to be mediated by this neural network. Objective. This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with PD and FoG (PD + FoG) would be more context-dependent than those without FoG (PD − FoG). Furthermore, the association between context-dependent behavior and set-shifting ability would be determined. Methods. Sixteen individuals with PD + FoG, 15 participants with PD − FoG, and 15 nondisabled adults (Control) were recruited. The participants practiced 3 numerical sequences, each associated with a specific context. One day following practice, the participants were tested under 2 conditions: the sequence-context associations remained the same as practice or were changed. Set-shifting ability was measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results. Compared to the PD − FoG group, the PD + FoG group showed a greater decrement in normalized motor performance when the sequence-context associations were changed. Context-dependency correlated with the TMT in the PD − FoG group but not in the PD + FoG or Control groups. Conclusion. While people with PD + FoG appeared to be more context-dependent than individuals without FoG, a relationship between context-dependent behavior and set-shifting existed only in those without FoG.
Mechanical thrombectomy with second-generation devices for acute cerebral middle artery M2 segment occlusion: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Guangshuo , Huang Rui , Li Weishuai , Zhang Xiaotian , Bi Guorong
Published: November 2019

Background

The benefit of mechanical thrombectomy for an acute ischemic stroke involving M2 segment occlusion is not clear, especially when performed with second-generation thrombectomy devices.

Method

We reviewed the literature to investigate clinical outcomes and the rates of recanalization, symptomatic intracerebral hematoma, and mortality in mechanical thrombectomy performed using second-generation thrombectomy devices. We compared the outcomes between patients treated for M2 and M1 occlusions.

Results

Seven studies involving 805 patients with M2 thrombectomy were included in this meta-analysis. The functional independence rate 90 days after thrombectomy (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) was 59.3% (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.74–1.88). The recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 0–2) was 84.16% (OR 2.32, 95% CI 2.08–2.29). The symptomatic intracerebral hematoma rate was 4.9% (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.09). The mortality was 7.7% (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13). The outcomes were better in patients with M2 occlusion than in those with M1 occlusion. In a subgroup analysis, we found that among patients with hypertension, mechanical thrombectomy achieved better functional outcomes and recanalization in M2 occlusion than M1 occlusion.

Conclusion

Mechanical thrombectomy performed with second-generation thrombectomy devices for M2 occlusion can provide a good functional outcome as well as satisfying recanalization. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the symptomatic intracerebral hematoma and mortality rates, suggesting this procedure is as safe in M2 occlusion as in M1 occlusion.
Computational analysis of the relationship between mechanical state and mechanoreceptor responses during scanning of a textured surface
Authors: Hamasaki Toru , Iwamoto Masami
Published: November 2019

Skin deformation caused by contact with an object is transduced into nerve signals by tactile mechanoreceptors, allowing humans to perceive tactile information. Previous research has revealed that the mechanical state associated with finger skin deformation at mechanoreceptor locations in a finite element model is correlated with the experimentally measured responses of slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors. However, these findings were obtained under static contact conditions. Therefore, in this study, we calculated the von Mises stress at slowly adapting type I and rapidly adapting type I mechanoreceptor locations during dynamic scanning of a textured surface using a finite element model of the human finger. We then estimated the hypothetical responses of the mechanoreceptors and compared the estimated results with the nerve firing of the receptors in previous neurophysiological experiments. These comparisons demonstrated that the temporal history of von Mises stress at mechanoreceptor locations was more strongly correlated with the “number of” impulses (R2 = 0.93 for slowly adapting type I and R2 = 0.90 for rapidly adapting type I) than the impulse “rate” (R2 = 0.58 for slowly adapting type I and R2 = 0.53 for rapidly adapting type I). Our findings suggest that the temporal history of von Mises stress can be used to roughly estimate the number of impulses of mechanoreceptors during scanning of a textured surface.
Is covert spatial orienting embodied or disembodied cognition? A historical review
Authors: Klein Raymond M
Published: November 2019

The possible relations between eye movements and shifts of attention are considered in the context of the contemporary proposal of embodied cognition. The focus of this historical review is Klein’s oculomotor readiness hypothesis for how visuospatial attention might be allocated when under endogenous control. When eye movements are actually executed, attention shifts in advance of these movements. But when eye movements are prepared but not executed, shifts of attention are not observed. Conversely, when attention is allocated endogenously and covertly to a location in space, eye movements to that location are not prepared. These findings suggest that covert spatial orienting when under endogenous control is more dis-embodied than embodied cognition.
Refugee debate and networked framing in the hybrid media environment
Authors: Pöyhtäri Reeta , Nelimarkka Matti , Nikunen Kaarina , Ojala Markus , Pantti Mervi , Pääkkönen Juho
Published: November 2019

In this article, we analyse how the debate on the ‘refugee crisis’ has been constructed in Finnish news media and social media by using big data analytics. The study applies big data with the aim of exploring the dynamics between the mainstream news media and social media and the ways in which these dynamics shape and strategically amplify different understandings of the refugee crisis. The research highlights over-emphasis of crime and threat-oriented themes on refugee issues in social media, as well as illuminates the distinct role of social media platforms in shaping debates through user practices of hyperlink sharing and networked framing. Together these findings suggest that the hybrid media environment provides a possible arena for polarization of the refugee debate that could also be used for political ends.
Outcomes of 200 digital flexor tendon repairs using updated protocols and 30 repairs using an old protocol: experience over 7 years
Authors: Pan Zhang Jun , Pan Lei , Xu Yun Fei , Ma Tao , Yao Lei Hui
Published: November 2019

We reviewed outcomes of 230 flexor tendon repairs in 27 thumbs and 203 fingers in Zone 1 and 2 over 7 years. In 2013, we used a 2-strand modified Kessler method followed by passive motion exercise in repairing flexor digitorum profundus tendon injuries in Zone 2 in 30 fingers; 24 fingers were followed, five (26%) had repair ruptures. Between 2014 and 2017, we used a 4- or 6-strand method to repair 111 flexor digitorum profundus tendons in Zone 2, followed by true early active motion. Two had repair ruptures. Among 101 fingers followed over 6 months, two fingers had tenolysis and 87 (87%) good or excellent outcomes. In 2018 to 2019, we used a 6-strand method to repair 42 flexor digitorum profundus tendons in Zone 2 with out-of-splint early active motion. None had repair ruptures or tenolysis. From 2014 to 2019, 27 flexor pollicis longus tendons were repaired in Zone 1 or 2, and 20 fingers had end-to-end flexor digitorum profundus repairs in Zone 1; none had repair ruptures or tenolysis. We conclude that a strong repair and true active motion are necessary for best outcomes of flexor tendon repairs in the thumb and fingers, and out-of-splint true active motion is safe.
The role of epigenetics and immunological imbalance in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Frischknecht Lukas , Vecellio Matteo , Selmi Carlo
Published: November 2019

Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) represent a clinical and immunopathogenic continuum, called psoriatic disease, cumulatively affecting approximately 3% of the general population. Psoriatic disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and musculoskeletal system. The immuno-pathogenesis is characterized by an activation of the TNF/IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis, leading to an immunologic imbalance of T-cells resident in all affected tissues, mainly entheses. In the majority of cases, skin Ps predates rheumatological manifestations. Secondary to the higher incidence and the availability of mouse models, there is stronger data available on skin Ps, and data are, in most cases, relevant also to PsA. In a widely accepted model, environmental trigger factors like infections or trauma are capable of initiating an inflammatory cascade, ultimately creating a sustained state of chronic inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals. Besides well-known genetic susceptibility loci, epigenetic DNA modifications, which are associated with Ps development have been characterized recently and will be discussed in this article. The current evidence is promising in the possibility to provide new therapeutic avenues and fill the unmet need of patients, for whom current treatments either do not allow the disease to be controlled or must be continued for life.
When the Wave Breaks You: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings After Surfing Injuries
Authors: Patel Bhumin J. , Heath Madison R. , Geannette Christian S. , Fabricant Peter D. , Greditzer Harry G.
Published: November 2019

Background:

There are approximately 2.1 million recreational surfers in the United States. However, little has been reported on surfing-related injuries and, to date, no study has utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize injury patterns.

Objective:

To use MRI to perform a descriptive analysis of surfing injuries in patients who presented to an urban tertiary care musculoskeletal hospital. This was not a hypothesis-driven study.

Study Design:

Case series.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review of the picture archiving and communication system as well as the electronic medical record was performed to identify patients with surfing-related injuries who presented to a tertiary care musculoskeletal hospital for treatment. The search included participants over a 10-year period who presented between January 1, 2009, and August 1, 2018. Descriptive data analyses were performed to determine frequency of body part injured, diagnosis, and operative versus nonoperative treatment.

Results:

The search yielded 109 patients with surfing-related injuries and MRIs. A total of 90 patients presented within 6 months of their surfing injury and were included in the final analysis. The median age was 36 years (range, 12-66 years). A majority of the patients included were male (74%; n = 67). Acute surfing injuries were diagnosed via imaging in 72% (n = 65) of patients. The joints injured most commonly were the shoulder (46%; n = 30) and the knee (28%; n = 18). Only 17% (n = 11) of acute surfing injuries required surgery, while 83% (n = 54) were treated nonoperatively.

Conclusion:

The most common surfing-related injuries occurred in the shoulder and knee.

Clinical Relevance:

This study helps characterize the risk of injury for surfers and informs healthcare providers on common surfing injuries.
Hospital and nursing home patients’ experiences with delirium assessments: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Svenningsen Helle , Sørensen Dorthe
Published: November 2019

To explore hospital and nursing home patients’ experiences with delirium assessments and better understand their attitudes, we used a qualitative method to summarise, in everyday terms, specific events observed by researchers and experienced by patients. We performed participant observations of delirium assessments of eight patients and conducted individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews with seven other patients. We carried out content analysis using an inductive approach. Our findings indicate that patients approached delirium assessment with initial scepticism due to a lack of knowledge. Their scepticism changed to complete acceptance after the assessment’s purpose was explained. However, some patients gave up on the assessment due to cognitive challenges, lack of energy, fatigue, or language barriers. Patients appreciated that professionals were interested in their mental and physical well-being. Despite initial scepticism, the patients found the delirium assessment valuable when they better understood its purpose. Thus, healthcare professionals should provide patients with relevant information about delirium assessments.