bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Breastfeeding Duration and Long-Term Midwifery-Led Support and Psychosocial Support: Outcomes from a Greek Non-Randomized Controlled Perinatal Health Intervention
Authors: Dagla Maria , Mrvoljak-Theodoropoulou Irina , Vogiatzoglou Marilena , Giamalidou Anastasia , Tsolaridou Eleni , Mavrou Marianna , Dagla Calliope , Antoniou Evangelia
Published: February 2021

Background: This study investigates if a non-randomized controlled perinatal health intervention which offers (a) long-term midwife-led breastfeeding support and (b) psychosocial support of women, is associated with the initiation, exclusivity and duration of breastfeeding. Methods: A sample of 1080 women who attended a 12-month intervention before and after childbirth, during a five-year period (January 2014–January 2019) in a primary mental health care setting in Greece, was examined. Multiple analyses of variance and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: The vast majority of women (96.3%) initiated either exclusive breastfeeding (only breast milk) (70.7%) or any breastfeeding (with or without formula or other type of food/drink) (25.6%). At the end of the 6th month postpartum, almost half of the women (44.3%) breastfed exclusively. A greater (quantitatively) midwifery-led support to mothers seemed to correlate with increased chance of exclusive breastfeeding at the end of the 6th month postpartum (p = 0.034), and with longer any breastfeeding duration (p = 0.015). The absence of pathological mental health symptoms and of need for receiving long-term psychotherapy were associated with the longer duration of any breastfeeding (p = 0.029 and p = 0.013 respectively). Conclusions: Continuous long-term midwife-led education and support, and maternal mental well-being are associated with increased exclusive and any breastfeeding duration.
Age Pathognomonic Indicators of Injury Predisposition as a Basis for Public Health Preservation during Physical Activity
Authors: Sankova Maria V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Oganesyan Marine V. , Vovkogon Andjela D. , Chirkova Ekaterina L. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y.
Published: February 2021

A necessary condition for public health maintenance is regular physical activity. A significant increase in the number of musculoskeletal injuries, occurring during physical education and sport activities, actualizes the development of effective measures for their prevention. Early diagnosis of injury predisposition, based on identification of connective tissue dysplasia indicators specific for different age periods, is of particular importance for the prevention of such injuries. The study, performed in accordance to STROBE guidelines, included 78 persons separated into two age subgroups: Group 1 (age 22–35) and Group 2 (age 36–47). Morphometric signs of connective tissue dysplasia and clinical symptoms associated with predisposition to chronic injury were assessed. For persons in Group 1, these indicators included: asthenic body type, joint hypermobility, thin elastic skin, keloid scars, and soft auricles. For the second group: kyphosis, skin hyperpigmentation above the spine, flatfeet, valgus installation, rectus muscles diastasis, atrophic striae, recurrent hernias, and lower-limb varicosity. Universal pathognomonic indicators, such as “crunching” in the temporomandibular joint, gothic palate, altered chest shape, scoliosis, and X- and O-shaped legs are significant at any age. The established pathognomonic indicators will promote early diagnosis of injury predisposition help, and develop effective measures of their prevention and public health preservation during physical activity.
Identifying the Non-Traditional Safety Risk Paths of Employees from Chinese International Construction Companies in Africa
Authors: Jin Chi , Li Bo , Ye Zhaoying , Xiang Pengcheng
Published: February 2021

In recent years, more and more construction enterprises are expanding into overseas markets, especially in underdeveloped regions such as Africa. Compared to domestic construction projects, international construction projects have been faced with more uncertainties and increased levels of safety risks to the employees in the context of political turmoil, racism, and religious conflict in the host country. This study aims to answer what risk factors contribute to the threat to the safety of overseas employees and how safety risk factors interact, using employees from Chinese international construction companies (CICCs) in Africa as an example. A total of 39 safety risk factors were selected by literature review and case study based on Heinrich’s Domino Theory of Accident Causation. To identify the critical safety risk sources and significant risk paths, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 208 professionals who have participated in construction projects in Africa. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), a total of twelve critical risk paths and five controllable risk sources were identified. The improper behaviors of the CICCs and their employees were shown to have the largest impact on the safety of Chinese employees, through the mediating effect of the criminal offense. This study provides some insights into safety risk management in international construction projects. Meanwhile, the quantitative approach proposed can also be used by other international companies or governments in identifying the safety risk paths of their overseas workers involved in international construction projects.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A National Survey to Monitor Knowledge and Operating Methods
Authors: Scalise Valentina , Brindisino Fabrizio , Pellicciari Leonardo , Minnucci Silvia , Bonetti Francesca
Published: February 2021

The aim of this article was to investigate the knowledge, management, and clinical practice of Italian physiotherapists concerning patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). A national cross-sectional survey consisted of 24 questions was administered from December 2019 until February 2020. A Chi-squared independence test was run to study any difference between subgroups of the sample and responses to the questionnaire. Five hundred and eight respondents completed the survey. Most respondents (n = 225/508; 44.3%) are under 29 years old, female (n = 256/508; 50.4%) and have been working as physiotherapists for less than 5 years (n = 213/508; 41.9%). Most of respondents correctly knows about the cause (n = 455/508, 89.6%), main signs and symptoms of CTS (n = 415/508, 81.70%) and administer education, manual therapy, myofascial techniques and therapeutic exercises (n = 457/508, 89.88%). Three hundred and sixty-four (71.68%) respondents were aware of the influence of psychosocial factors on the patient’s outcomes. The survey showed greater adherence to evidences by physiotherapists holding a master’s degree. The results are mostly comparable with other surveys structured all over the world on the same topic. Italian physiotherapists management of the CTS was not always in line with current evidence. Interventions such as education, manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, nerve and tendon glide techniques are widely used, while the orthotic is only offered by half of the sample.
More Teeth and Posterior Balanced Occlusion Are a Key Determinant for Cognitive Function in the Elderly
Authors: Park Taejun , Jung Yun-Sook , Son Keunbada , Bae Yong-Chul , Song Keun-Bae , Amano Atsuo , Choi Youn-Hee
Published: February 2021

Age-related decline in cognitive function is a major challenge in geriatric healthcare. A possible explanation is that the tooth loss or low chewing ability is at cause of cognitive impairment or dementia. The study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between chewing ability and cognitive function in the elderly. A total of 563 participants aged 65 years or over residing in urban and rural areas of South Korea were surveyed. The chewing ability was measured by objectively measurable indications such as the number of remaining teeth, denture status, color-changeable gum, and occlusal balance using T-Scan III®. The cognitive function was measured by the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and a score of 24 or more (out of 30) indicates a normal cognition, below 23 indicates cognitive impairment. The association between socio-demographic factors, chewing ability factors, and cognitive function demonstrated statistically significant results. When comparing the denture status and chewing ability, the proportion of need denture group had fewer remaining teeth and anterior balanced occlusion. The average number of remaining teeth in anterior balanced occlusion with cognitive impairment was 11.2 compared to posterior balanced occlusion with the normal cognition 19.2. A multiple linear regression analysis declared a significant correlation between number of remaining teeth, denture status, occlusal balance, and cognitive function. Results of the present study revealed objectively measurable indications are suitable for chewing ability assessment and correlated with cognitive function.
Natural or Urban Campus Walks and Vitality in University Students: Exploratory Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Shrestha Topaz , Di Blasi Zelda , Cassarino Marica
Published: February 2021

Despite extensive evidence of the restorative effects of nature, the potential vitalizing effects of connecting with nature are yet understudied, particularly in higher education settings. University students face high levels of stress and anxiety, and may benefit from nature-based interventions that enhance positive states such as vitality. Using preliminary data from a pilot randomized controlled study with qualitative interviews, we explored the psychological experiences associated with a brief walk either in nature or an urban environment in a sample of 13 university students. The qualitative thematic analysis revealed that walking in nature was a more energizing and vitalizing experience than the urban walk. The nature walk was also found to have both affective and cognitive enhancing effects on participants. Our study highlights the usefulness of exploring subjective psychological experiences of interacting with nature, as well as supporting its restorative potential. Implications for further research and interventions are discussed.
The Moderating Effects of Perceived Severity on the Generational Gap in Preventive Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S.
Authors: Luo Yunjuan , Cheng Yang , Sui Mingxiao
Published: February 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults appear to be more susceptible to the coronavirus disease. Although the health stakes are higher for older adults, individuals of all ages should adopt preventive measures to contain the human-to-human transmission of the virus. This study conducted a national online survey of 1843 adults at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. to examine age disparities in preventive behaviors against the virus. The results show that older generations, motivated by a higher perceived severity of the disease, were more likely to take the precautionary actions recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) than younger generations. This thus suggests that persuasive health messages addressing the severity of COVID-19 might reduce the generational gap and promote preventive behaviors among young people, to protect themselves and the elderly.
Increased Regulatory T Cells and Decreased Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Induced by High CCL17 Levels May Account for Normal Incidence of Cancers among Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Morimura Sohshi , Sugaya Makoto , Oka Tomonori , Suga Hiraku , Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Tsunemi Yuichiro , Asano Yoshihide , Sato Shinichi
Published: February 2021

The incidence of cancers in atopic dermatitis (AD) is not increased, although the Th2-dominant environment is known to downregulate tumor immunity. To gain mechanistic insights regarding tumor immunity in AD, we utilized CCL17 transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing CCL17, which is a key chemokine in AD. Tumor formation and lung metastasis were accelerated in CCL17 TG mice when melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously or intravenously. Flow cytometric analysis showed increases in regulatory T cells (Tregs) in lymph nodes in CCL17 TG mice with high mRNA levels of IL-10 and Foxp3 in tumors, suggesting that Tregs attenuated tumor immunity. The frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), however, was significantly decreased in tumors of CCL17 TG mice, suggesting that decreased MDSCs might promote tumor immunity. Expression of CXCL17, a chemoattractant of MDSCs, was decreased in tumors of CCL17 TG mice. Depletion of Tregs by the anti-CD25 antibody markedly reduced tumor volumes in CCL17 TG mice, suggesting that tumor immunity was accelerated by the decrease in MDSCs in the absence of Tregs. Thus, CCL17 attenuates tumor immunity by increasing Tregs and Th2 cells, while it decreases MDSCs through reductions in CXCL17, which may work as a “safety-net” to reduce the risk of malignant tumors in the Th2-dominant environment.
DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Shapes Neuronal Activity of Human iPSC-Derived Glutamatergic Cortical Neurons
Authors: Bachmann Sarah , Linde Jenice , Bell Michael , Spehr Marc , Zempel Hans , Zimmer-Bensch Geraldine
Published: February 2021

Epigenetic mechanisms are emerging key players for the regulation of brain function, synaptic activity, and the formation of neuronal engrams in health and disease. As one important epigenetic mechanism of transcriptional control, DNA methylation was reported to distinctively modulate synaptic activity in excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons in mice. Since DNA methylation signatures are responsive to neuronal activity, DNA methylation seems to contribute to the neuron’s capacity to adapt to and integrate changing activity patterns, being crucial for the plasticity and functionality of neuronal circuits. Since most studies addressing the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of synaptic function were conducted in mice or murine neurons, we here asked whether this functional implication applies to human neurons as well. To this end, we performed calcium imaging in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived excitatory cortical neurons forming synaptic contacts and neuronal networks in vitro. Treatment with DNMT1 siRNA that diminishs the expression of the DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was conducted to investigate the functional relevance of DNMT1 as one of the main enzymes executing DNA methylations in the context of neuronal activity modulation. We observed a lowered proportion of actively firing neurons upon DNMT1-knockdown in these iPSC-derived excitatory neurons, pointing to a correlation of DNMT1-activity and synaptic transmission. Thus, our experiments suggest that DNMT1 decreases synaptic activity of human glutamatergic neurons and underline the relevance of epigenetic regulation of synaptic function also in human excitatory neurons.
Neoagarooligosaccharide Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis via Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Ji Hye , Ku Sae Kwang , Cho IL Je , Lee Je Hyeon , Na Chang-Su , Ki Sung Hwan
Published: February 2021

Hepatic fibrosis occurs when liver tissue becomes scarred from repetitive liver injury and inflammatory responses; it can progress to cirrhosis and eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we reported that neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs), produced by the hydrolysis of agar by β-agarases, have hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen overdose-induced acute liver injury. However, the effect of NAOs on chronic liver injury, including hepatic fibrosis, has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we examined whether NAOs protect against fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. NAOs ameliorated PAI-1, α-SMA, CTGF and fibronectin protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells. Furthermore, downstream of TGF-β, the Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by NAOs in LX-2 cells. Treatment with NAOs diminished the severity of hepatic injury, as evidenced by reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse models. Moreover, NAOs markedly blocked histopathological changes and collagen accumulation, as shown by H&E and Sirius red staining, respectively. Finally, NAOs antagonized the CCl4-induced upregulation of the protein and mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in the liver. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NAOs may be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver injury via inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 3 in Granulosa Cell Tumors
Authors: Schmid Nina , Dietrich Kim-Gwendolyn , Forne Ignasi , Burges Alexander , Szymanska Magdalena , Meidan Rina , Mayr Doris , Mayerhofer Artur
Published: February 2021

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate proliferation and cell death. In the human ovary, granulosa cells express sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which has also been detected in human tumors derived from granulosa cells, i.e., granulosa cell tumors (GCTs), and in KGN cells. KGN cells are an established cellular model for the majority of GCTs and were used to explore the role of SIRT1. The SIRT1 activator SRT2104 increased cell proliferation. By contrast, the inhibitor EX527 reduced cell numbers, without inducing apoptosis. These results were supported by the outcome of siRNA-mediated silencing studies. A tissue microarray containing 92 GCTs revealed nuclear and/or cytoplasmic SIRT1 staining in the majority of the samples, and also, SIRT2-7 were detected in most samples. The expression of SIRT1–7 was not correlated with the survival of the patients; however, SIRT3 and SIRT7 expression was significantly correlated with the proliferation marker Ki-67, implying roles in tumor cell proliferation. SIRT3 was identified by a proteomic analysis as the most abundant SIRT in KGN. The results of the siRNA-silencing experiments indicate involvement of SIRT3 in proliferation. Thus, several SIRTs are expressed by GCTs, and SIRT1 and SIRT3 are involved in the growth regulation of KGN. If transferable to GCTs, these SIRTs may represent novel drug targets.
The Correlation of Mutations and Expressions of Genes within the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kołodziej Przemysław , Nicoś Marcin , Krawczyk Paweł A. , Bogucki Jacek , Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Zalewski Daniel , Kubrak Tomasz , Kołodziej Elżbieta , Makuch-Kocka Anna , Madej-Czerwonka Barbara , Płachno Bartosz J. , Kocki Janusz , Bogucka-Kocka Anna
Published: February 2021

There is an urgent need to seek new molecular biomarkers helpful in diagnosing and treating breast cancer. In this elaboration, we performed a molecular analysis of mutations and expression of genes within the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in patients with ductal breast cancer of various malignancy levels. We recognized significant correlations between the expression levels of the studied genes. We also performed a bioinformatics analysis of the data available on the international database TCGA and compared them with our own research. Studies on mutations and expression of genes were conducted using High-Resolution Melt PCR (HRM-PCR), Allele-Specific-quantitative PCR (ASP-qPCR), Real-Time PCR molecular methods in a group of women with ductal breast cancer. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out using web source Ualcan and bc-GenExMiner. In the studied group of women, it was observed that the prevalence of mutations in the studied PIK3CA and AKT1 genes was 29.63%. It was stated that the average expression level of the PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN genes in the group of breast cancer patients is lower in comparison to the control group, while the average expression level of the AKT1 and mTOR genes in the studied group was higher in comparison to the control group. It was also indicated that in the group of patients with mutations in the area of the PIK3CA and AKT1 genes, the PIK3CA gene expression level is statistically significantly lower than in the group without mutations. According to our knowledge, we demonstrate, for the first time, that there is a very strong positive correlation between the levels of AKT1 and mTOR gene expression in the case of patients with mutations and without mutations.
Numerical Analysis of Twin Tunnels Lining under Different Seismic Conditions
Authors: El Omari Abdelhay , Chourak Mimoun , Echebba El Mehdi , Cherif Seif-Eddine , Navarro Ugena Carlos , Rougui Mohamed , Chehade Fadi Hage , Lamas Fernández Francisco , Chaaraoui Aboubakr
Published: February 2021

The last seismic events showed that tunnel lining may suffer extensive damage. Employing numerical modeling has a great importance in predicting the seismic performance of tunnels. This paper tests the tunnel lining of the Zaouit Ait Mellal (ZAM) twin tunnels located between the cities of Marrakesh and Agadir in Morocco. Dynamic analysis was adopted by FLAC 2D software using the finite-difference elements. Four soil cross-sections were chosen, with different support devices installed along the twin tunnels, such as rock bolts and steel ribs. The seismic signals introduced as input were obtained from three different earthquakes: Al Hoceima 2004 in Morocco, EL Centro 1940 in the USA, and Kobe 1995 in Japan. The numerical results show that the deformation of the tunnel lining is more noteworthy in the sections using steel ribs compared to those using rock bolts, which is observed by the large values of relative displacement, reaching 1020 (mm) and 2.29 × 105 (N.m/m) of maximum bending moment. The analysis indicates that these sections present higher vulnerability during an earthquake, which should be considered when looking at the overall safety of the tunnel.
Molecular Identification and Immunity Functional Characterization of Lmserpin1 in Locusta migratoria manilensis
Authors: Li Beibei , Li Hongmei , Tian Ye , Abro Nazir Ahmed , Nong Xiangqun , Zhang Zehua , Wang Guangjun
Published: February 2021

Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) are a broadly distributed superfamily of proteins that exist in organisms with the role of immune responses. Lmserpin1 gene was cloned firstly from Locusta migratoria manilensis and then was detected in all tested stages from eggs to adults and six different tissues through qRT-PCR analysis. The expression was significantly higher in the 3rd instars and within integument. After RNAi treatment, the expression of Lmserpin1 was significantly down-regulated at four different time points. Moreover, it dropped significantly in the fat body and hemolymph at 24 h after treatment. The bioassay results indicated that the mortality of L. migratoria manilensis treated with dsSerpin1 + Metarhizium was significantly higher than the other three treatments. Furthermore, the immune-related genes (PPAE, PPO, and defensin) treated by dsSerpin1 + Metarhizium were significantly down-regulated compared with the Metarhizium treatment, but the activities of phenoloxidase (PO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and multifunctional oxidase (MFO) were fluctuating. Our results suggest that Lmserpin1 plays a crucial role in the innate immunity of L. migratoria manilensis. Lmserpin1 probably took part in regulation of melanization and promoted the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
Impact of Sports Activity on Medium-Term Clinical and Radiological Outcome after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Cuff Deficient Arthropathy; An Institutional Register-Based Analysis
Authors: Endell David , Audigé Laurent , Grob Alexandra , Schwyzer Hans-Kaspar , Glanzmann Michael , Marzel Alex , Scheibel Markus
Published: February 2021

There is a lack of consensus on what physicians can recommend and what patients can expect concerning sports activity after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this retrospective register-based observational study was to investigate the association between participation in sports or physical activity involving the upper extremity and 5-year clinical and radiological outcomes for primary RSA patients. We screened the institutional arthroplasty registry for patients reporting the type and level of sports postoperatively after primary, unilateral RSA due to rotator cuff deficiency. One hundred thirty-eight patients with clinical and radiological outcomes documented at a minimum 5-year follow-up were divided into three groups comprising those who participated regularly in: sports mainly involving the upper extremity (sports upper extremities, SUE, n = 49), sports mainly involving the lower extremities (sports lower extremities, SLE, n = 21), and those who did not participate in sports at all (no sports, NS, n = 68). The participants had a mean age of 72 years (standard deviation (SD) 8) and were overall predominantly female patients (62%). Primary clinical outcomes included the Constant Score (CS) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Secondary radiographs were analyzed for radiolucent lines (RLL), signs of glenoid or humeral prosthesis loosening, bone resorption, bone formation, and scapular notching. A total number of 8 senior surgeons were involved in treatment of patients, and two types of prosthesis were used. The SUE group had non-significantly higher mean scores for CS (75 points) and SPADI (88 points) compared to SLE (71 and 78 points, respectively) and NS patients (66 and 78 points, respectively) (p ≥ 0.286). The incidence of RLL around the humeral diaphysis was higher in NS compared to SUE patients (32% versus 12%, respectively) (p = 0.025); all other radiological parameters were similar between the groups. There were no cases of loosening in the SUE group that led to revision surgery. Patients engaging in sports activities involving the upper extremity show similarly good functional scores 5 years post-RSA as the other groups, without additional signs of implant loosening as a result of increased shoulder use.
Clinico-Pathological Profile and Outcomes of 45 Cases of Plasma Cell Gingivitis
Authors: Leuci Stefania , Coppola Noemi , Adamo Nicola , Bizzoca Maria Eleonora , Russo Daniela , Spagnuolo Gianrico , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Mignogna Michele Davide
Published: February 2021

Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is an infrequent inflammatory disease of the gingiva of unknown etiology, characterized by a dense polyclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the connective tissue. The aim of this study was to present a case series of patients affected by PCG, analyzing demographic, clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic data. A group of 36 females and 9 males with a mean age of 60.3 years was evaluated. Clinically, 25 cases were bullous, a clinical phenotype never reported to date, 4 erythematous, 4 keratotic, 4 verruciform, and 3 ulcerative. On histological examination, pure polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate was detected in 20 specimens, while in 25 specimens it was associated with a mixed infiltrate. The first-line therapy consisted of oral hygiene and topical corticosteroids in all patients. In 25 patients, doxycycline and sulfasalazine were added; in 10 of these patients, the disease persisted, and it was necessary to resort to systemic steroids. This study presented the clinico-pathological profile and outcomes of a case series of PCG. This could be an aid for clinicians to be aware of the heterogeneous clinical phenotype and of the possible pure bullous phenotype of PCG. Further studies are needed to improve the knowledge about this disorder.
Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Patients
Authors: Urata Noboru , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Hirashima Noboru , Yokomaku Yoshiyuki , Imamura Junji , Iwatani Yasumasa , Shimada Masaaki , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: February 2021

It has been reported that hepatic flare (HF), attributable to the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfected patients, occurs frequently after the start of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). We have observed several cases of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss after IRIS. However, the factors leading to HBsAg clearance remain unknown. We measured CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, cytokines and chemokines in 16 patients coinfected HIV-1 and HBV with IRIS, and analyzed the factors leading to HBsAg clearance after IRIS. There was no significant difference in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts between the HBsAg clearance and non-clearance groups, while the serum concentrations of almost all cytokines and chemokines in the HBsAg clearance group were higher than in the HBsAg non-clearance group at any time of observation. In particular, IP-10 at the ALT peak, GM-CSF and IL-12 one month after the ALT peak and TNF-α and GM-CSF after the ALT concentrations fell to within normal limits, were significantly higher in the HBsAg clearance group. It seems that HBsAg loss after IRIS requires continued immune responses against HBV, involving Th1 cytokines.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Infant Adiposity at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Herath Manoja P. , Beckett Jeffrey M. , Hills Andrew P. , Byrne Nuala M. , Ahuja Kiran D. K.
Published: February 2021

Exposure to untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and increased adiposity in GDM-exposed infants is suggested as a plausible mediator of this increased risk of later-life metabolic disorders. Evidence is equivocal regarding the impact of good glycaemic control in GDM mothers on infant adiposity at birth. We systematically reviewed studies reporting fat mass (FM), percent fat mass (%FM) and skinfold thicknesses (SFT) at birth in infants of mothers with GDM controlled with therapeutic interventions (IGDMtr). While treating GDM lowered FM in newborns compared to no treatment, there was no difference in FM and SFT according to the type of treatment (insulin, metformin, glyburide). IGDMtr had higher overall adiposity (mean difference, 95% confidence interval) measured with FM (68.46 g, 29.91 to 107.01) and %FM (1.98%, 0.54 to 3.42) but similar subcutaneous adiposity measured with SFT, compared to infants exposed to normal glucose tolerance (INGT). This suggests that IGDMtr may be characterised by excess fat accrual in internal adipose tissue. Given that intra-abdominal adiposity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, future studies should distinguish adipose tissue distribution of IGDMtr and INGT.
Helicopter Emergency Medical Service and Hospital Treatment Levels Affect Survival in Pediatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Bläsius Felix Marius , Horst Klemens , Brokmann Jörg Christian , Lefering Rolf , Andruszkow Hagen , Hildebrand Frank ,   TraumaRegister DGU®
Published: February 2021

(1) Background: Data on the effects of helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) transport and treatment on the survival of severely injured pediatric patients in high-level trauma centers remain unclear. (2) Methods: A national dataset from the TraumaRegister DGU® was used to retrospectively compare the mortality rates among severely injured pediatric patients (1–15 years) who were transported by HEMS to those transported by ground emergency medical service (GEMS) and treated at trauma centers of different treatment levels (levels I–III). (3) Results: In total, 2755 pediatric trauma patients (age: 9.0 ± 4.8 years) were included in this study over five years. Transportation by HEMS resulted in a significant survival benefit compared to GEMS (odds ratio (OR) 0.489; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.282–0.850). Pediatric trauma patients treated in level II or III trauma centers showed 34% and fourfold higher in-hospital mortality risk than those in level I trauma centers (level II: OR 1.34, 95% CI: 0.70–2.56; level III: OR 4.63, 95% CI: 1.33–16.09). (4) Conclusions: In our national pediatric trauma cohort, both HEMS transportation and treatment in level I trauma centers were independent factors of improved survival in pediatric trauma patients.
Predicting Keratoconus Progression and Need for Corneal Crosslinking Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kato Naoko , Masumoto Hiroki , Tanabe Mao , Sakai Chikako , Negishi Kazuno , Torii Hidemasa , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: February 2021

We aimed to predict keratoconus progression and the need for corneal crosslinking (CXL) using deep learning (DL). Two hundred and seventy-four corneal tomography images taken by Pentacam HR® (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) of 158 keratoconus patients were examined. All patients were examined two times or more, and divided into two groups; the progression group and the non-progression group. An axial map of the frontal corneal plane, a pachymetry map, and a combination of these two maps at the initial examination were assessed according to the patients’ age. Training with a convolutional neural network on these learning data objects was conducted. Ninety eyes showed progression and 184 eyes showed no progression. The axial map, the pachymetry map, and their combination combined with patients’ age showed mean AUC values of 0.783, 0.784, and 0.814 (95% confidence interval (0.721–0.845) (0.722–0.846), and (0.755–0.872), respectively), with sensitivities of 87.8%, 77.8%, and 77.8% ((79.2–93.7), (67.8–85.9), and (67.8–85.9)) and specificities of 59.8%, 65.8%, and 69.6% ((52.3–66.9), (58.4–72.6), and (62.4–76.1)), respectively. Using the proposed DL neural network model, keratoconus progression can be predicted on corneal tomography maps combined with patients’ age.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes between Idiopathic and Secondary Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
Authors: Oda Tsuneyuki , Sekine Akimasa , Tabata Erina , Iwasawa Tae , Takemura Tamiko , Ogura Takashi
Published: February 2021

Background: Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a unique clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic entity for which several potential etiologies have been reported recently. However, there has been no comprehensive study of secondary PPFE. Objective: Assessment of the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of secondary and idiopathic PPFE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive PPFE patients between January 1999 and December 2018. We identified 132 idiopathic PPFE patients and 32 secondary PPFE patients. Results: The incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) pattern different from the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern in the lower lobes was higher in secondary PPFE patients (38.5%) than in idiopathic PPFE patients (61.5%, p = 0.02). The idiopathic and secondary PPFE groups did not differ significantly in terms of laboratory data, respiratory complications, and survival (median: 5.0 years vs. 4.1 years, p = 0.95). The presence of UIP pattern was independently associated with increased mortality in multivariate analyses in idiopathic PPFE patients, but not in secondary PPFE patients. Conclusions: The frequency and prognostic impact of UIP-pattern ILD differed between idiopathic and secondary PPFE patients. Lung transplantation should be considered in secondary PPFE patients with low diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) regardless of lower-lobe ILD pattern.
The History of Alcoholic Liver Disease: From an Unrecognized Disease to One of the Most Frequent Diseases in Hepatology
Authors: Seitz Helmut K. , Neuman Manuela G.
Published: February 2021

This review describes the history of alcoholic liver disease from the beginning of the 1950s until now. It details how the hepatotoxicity of alcohol was discovered by epidemiology and basic research primarily by using new feeding techniques in rodents and primates. The article also recognizes the pioneering work of scientists who contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease. In addition, clinical aspects, such as the development of diagnostics and treatment options for alcoholic liver disease, are discussed. Up-to-date knowledge of the mechanism of the disease in 2020 is presented.
A Qualitative Study of the Cognitive Rehabilitation Program GRADIOR for People with Cognitive Impairment: Outcomes of the Focus Group Methodology
Authors: Irazoki Eider , Sánchez-Gómez Mª Cruz , Contreras-Somoza Leslie María , Toribio-Guzmán José Miguel , Martín-Cilleros Mª Victoria , Verdugo-Castro Sonia , Jenaro-Río Cristina , Franco-Martín Manuel A.
Published: February 2021

In recent years, technology has been implemented in the field of interventions for older adults. GRADIOR 4.5 is a cognitive software within the wide variety of available multimedia programs that support healthcare professionals in cognitive assessment and neuropsychological rehabilitation. The study aimed to evaluate the new version of GRADIOR (v4.5) based on the experience of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), people with dementia (PWD), and healthcare professionals. A qualitative study using the focus group methodology was carried out involving 13 people with MCI, 13 PWD, and 11 healthcare professionals. An analysis of the content and the level of feedback was performed. The study showed that GRADIOR 4.5 might be sufficiently adapted to PWD and people with MCI. Participants were motivated to use GRADIOR 4.5, showed high acceptability of the software, and a positive attitude towards technology. However, healthcare professionals suggested significant improvements to the software. GRADIOR 4.5 appeared to be a promising intervention that, because of its positive experience and acceptability, could be systematically implemented to complement cognitive rehabilitation interventions for older adults with MCI and dementia. Finally, it is advisable to consider the suggestions gathered in this study for future developments.
Cost-Effective Design of Port Approaches Using Simulation Methods Based on the Example of a Modernized Port in the Ustka
Authors: Łazuga Kinga , Quý Nguyễn Minh , Gucma Lucjan
Published: February 2021

Port design and approaches are usually carried out using real-time computer simulation methods for ship manoeuvring. So-called ship real-time simulation methods are relatively expensive, especially in terms of survey time. Several real-time simulation scenarios carried out by masters and pilots are usually performed, with several simulation attempts in each scenario. Each such attempt can last up to one hour, which, with a large number of scenarios, prolongs the research and increases its cost. Particularly time-consuming is the repetition of many scenarios with alternative solutions for infrastructure development and in various hydrometeorological conditions. To reduce the time-consuming of the tests, a new two-stage method was used to design the target approach on the modernized Port of Ustka. In the first stage, the simulations were carried out with significantly reduced floating navigation marking, and in the second stage with the target marking. Moreover, the so-called “Soft-Bank” method was introduced, i.e., the effects of a collision with the seabed and infrastructure were excluded. Such a solution leads to significant time benefits in conducting research and at the same time does not reduce confidence in the results obtained.
Tsunami Deposits on a Paleoproterozoic Unconformity? The 2.2 Ga Yerrida Marine Transgression on the Northern Margin of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia
Authors: Lascelles Desmond F. , Lowe Ryan J.
Published: February 2021

Large blocks and boulders of banded iron formations and massive hematite up to 40 × 27 × 6 m3 and in excess of 10,000 metric tonnes were detached from an outcrop of the Wilgie Mia Formation during the ca 2.20 Ga marine transgression at the base of the Paleoproterozoic Windplain Group and deposited in a broad band on the wave-cut surface 900 to 1200 m to the east. At the same time, sand and shingle were scoured from the sea floor, leaving remnants only on the western side of the Wilgie Mia Formation and on the eastern sides of the boulders. Evidence suggesting that the blocks were detached and transported and the sea floor scoured by a tsunami bore with a height of at least 40 m is provided by the following: (1) the deposition of the blocks indicates transportation by a unidirectional sub-horizontal force, whereas the smaller boulders are randomly oriented; (2) 900–1200 m separates the banded iron formation (BIF) outcrop and the blocks (3) there is an absence of the basal conglomerate between the blocks; (4) the blocks and boulders rest directly on the wave-cut surface of deeply weathered amphibolites; (5) the blocks and boulders are surrounded and overlain by fine-grained sandstone of the Windplain Group.
Stability and Seakeeping of Marine Vessels
Authors: Begovic Ermina , Mancini Simone
Published: February 2021

Stability has always been the main safety issue for all marine vessels, and static stability evaluation is adequate for ship service [...]
Analysis, Modeling and Multi-Spectral Sensing for the Predictive Management of Verticillium Wilt in Olive Groves
Authors: Blekos Kostas , Tsakas Anastasios , Xouris Christos , Evdokidis Ioannis , Alexandropoulos Dimitris , Alexakos Christos , Katakis Sofoklis , Makedonas Andreas , Theoharatos Christos , Lalos Aris
Published: February 2021

The intensification and expansion in the cultivation of olives have contributed to the significant spread of Verticillium wilt, which is the most important fungal problem affecting olive trees. Recent studies confirm that practices such as the use of innovative natural minerals (Zeoshell ZF1) and the application of beneficial microorganisms (Micosat F BS WP) restore health in infected trees. However, for their efficient implementation the above methodologies require the marking of trees in the early stages of infestation—a task that is impractical with traditional means (manual labor) but also very difficult, as early stages are difficult to perceive with the naked eye. In this paper, we present the results of the My Olive Grove Coach (MyOGC) project, which used multispectral imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles to develop an olive grove monitoring system based on the autonomous and automatic processing of the multispectral images using computer vision and machine learning techniques. The goal of the system is to monitor and assess the health of olive groves, help in the prediction of Verticillium wilt spread and implement a decision support system that guides the farmer/agronomist.
Factor Optimization for the Design of Indoor Positioning Systems Using a Probability-Based Algorithm
Authors: Pinto Bráulio Henrique O. U. V. , de Oliveira Horácio A. B. F. , Souto Eduardo J. P.
Published: February 2021

Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) are designed to provide solutions for location-based services. Wireless local area network (WLAN)-based positioning systems are the most widespread around the globe and are commonly found to have a ready-to-use infrastructure composed mostly of access points (APs). They advertise useful information, such as the received signal strength (RSS), that is processed by adequate location algorithms, which are not always capable of achieving the desired localization error only by themselves. In this sense, this paper proposes a new method to improve the accuracy of IPSs by optimizing the arrangement of APs over the environment using an enhanced probability-based algorithm. From the assumption that a log-distance path loss model can reasonably describe, on average, the distribution of RSS throughout the environment, we build a simulation framework to analyze the impact, on the accuracy, of the main factors that constitute the positioning algorithm, such as the number of reference points (RPs) and the number of samples of RSS collected per test point. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution, a real-world testbed dataset is used for validation. The obtained results for accuracy show that the trends verified via simulation strongly correlate to the verified in the dataset processing when allied with an optimal configuration of APs. This indicates our method is capable of providing an optimal factor combination—through early simulations—for the design of more efficient IPSs that rely on a probability-based positioning algorithm.
Regional Farmers’ Perception and Societal Issues in Vineyards Affected by High Erosion Rates
Authors: Cerdà Artemi , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús
Published: February 2021

We explore the current situation in a viticultural region in Eastern Spain from a holistic and multifaceted research approach, which allowed us to understand the biophysical conditions, economic cost, social impact, and perception of the farmers’ community to the use of catch crops. A survey of the perception of the farmers, and an assessment of the biophysical impact of catch crops (CC) and tillage (C = Control plot) on soil organic matter, bulk density, infiltration capacity (single ring infiltrometer), and runoff generation and soil erosion (rainfall simulation experiments) was carried out. Two representative fields as study sites were selected in Les Alcusses valley, within Els Alforins wine production region. The results show that the use of CC increased soil organic matter, favored higher infiltration rates and runoff generation was delayed. Moreover, runoff rates and soil erosion were lowered. The perception of the farmers was mainly against the use of catch crops due to their view as it being ‘dirty’, their cost, and the loss of their reputation and respect by other farmers. Our survey proves that the farmers would accept the catch crops if a subsidy of 76.56 € ha−1 on average would be paid. Farmers see the use of a catch crop more as a benefit for the health of the Planet than for themselves. To achieve land degradation neutrality, education and dissemination programs should be developed to teach and inform the farmers of their key role in the proper management of vineyards.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Potential Fuel Savings and Reduction in CO Emissions by Implementing Cylinder Bore Coating Materials Applied to Diesel Engines
Authors: Abril Sofia Orjuela , García Carlos Pardo , León Jhon Pabón
Published: February 2021

Currently, internal combustion engines contribute to the problem of global warming due to their need to use products derived from fossil resources. To mitigate the above problem, this study proposes the use of coatings on the cylinder bore in order to reduce fuel consumption and polluting emissions. Therefore, in the present study a numerical model is developed in which the tribological behavior, heat fluxes, and leakage of the combustion gases in the chamber are considered to evaluate the influence of the coating. Nickel nanocomposite (NNC) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are considered in the study. The results demonstrate that the NNC coating produces a 32% reduction in the total friction force of the compression ring. The estimated maximum temperatures for the lubricating oil were 214, 202, and 194 °C for the DLC, steel, and NNC materials. Increasing the temperature in the DLC coating can cause a reduction in the tribological performance of the lubricant. The estimates made show that the implementation of the NNC coating allows a maximum reduction of 5.28 ton of fuel and 39.30 kg of CO emissions, which are based on the global fleet of diesel engines forecast for the year 2025 (corresponding to one hundred and eighty million engines) and a test time of 1800 s. The proposed numerical model allows future analyses to be carried out for other types of materials used as coatings. Additionally, the model can be expanded and adapted to consider other systems that involve friction processes in the engine.