bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An 860 km surface mass-balance profile on the East Antarctic plateau derived by GPR
Authors: Müller Karsten , Sinisalo Anna , Anschütz Helgard , Hamran Svein-Erik , Hagen Jon-Ove , McConnell Joseph R. , Pasteris Daniel R.
Published: June 2010

Snow accumulation and its variability on the East Antarctic plateau are poorly understood due to sparse and regionally confined measurements. We present a 5.3 GHz (C-band) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profile with a total length of 860 km recovered during the joint Norwegian–US International Polar Year traverse 2007/08. Mean surface mass balance (SMB) over the last 200 years was derived from the GPR data by identifying the volcanic deposition of the Tambora eruption in 1815. It varies between 9.1 and 37.7 kg m−2 a−1 over the profile, with a mean of 23.7 kg m−2 a−1 and a standard deviation of 4.7 kg m−2 a−1. The 200 year SMB estimated is significantly lower than most of the SMB estimates over shorter time periods in this region. This can be partly explained by a SMB minimum in the vicinity of the ice divide. However, it is more likely that a recent increase in SMB observed by several studies is largely responsible for the observed discrepancy.
Recent ice-surface-elevation changes of Fleming Glacier in response to the removal of the Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Wendt J. , Rivera A. , Wendt A. , Bown F. , Zamora R. , Casassa G. , Bravo C.
Published: June 2010

Regional climate warming has caused several ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula to retreat and ultimately collapse during recent decades. Glaciers flowing into these retreating ice shelves have responded with accelerating ice flow and thinning. The Wordie Ice Shelf on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula was reported to have undergone a major areal reduction before 1989. Since then, this ice shelf has continued to retreat and now very little floating ice remains. Little information is currently available regarding the dynamic response of the glaciers feeding the Wordie Ice Shelf, but we describe a Chilean International Polar Year project, initiated in 2007, targeted at studying the glacier dynamics in this area and their relationship to local meteorological conditions. Various data were collected during field campaigns to Fleming Glacier in the austral summers of 2007/08 and 2008/09. In situ measurements of ice-flow velocity first made in 1974 were repeated and these confirm satellite-based assessments that velocity on the glacier has increased by 40–50% since 1974. Airborne lidar data collected in December 2008 can be compared with similar data collected in 2004 in collaboration with NASA and the Chilean Navy. This comparison indicates continued thinning of the glacier, with increasing rates of thinning downstream, with a mean of 4.1 ± 0.2 m a−1 at the grounding line of the glacier. These comparisons give little indication that the glacier is achieving a new equilibrium.
Cenozoic global ice-volume and temperature simulations with 1-D ice-sheet models forced by benthic δ18O records
Authors: De Boer B. , van de Wal R.S.W. , Bintanja R. , Lourens L.J. , Tuenter E.
Published: June 2010

Variations in global ice volume and temperature over the Cenozoic era have been investigated with a set of one-dimensional (1-D) ice-sheet models. Simulations include three ice sheets representing glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere, i.e. in Eurasia, North America and Greenland, and two separate ice sheets for Antarctic glaciation. The continental mean Northern Hemisphere surface-air temperature has been derived through an inverse procedure from observed benthic δ18O records. These data have yielded a mutually consistent and continuous record of temperature, global ice volume and benthic δ18O over the past 35 Ma. The simple 1-D model shows good agreement with a comprehensive 3-D ice-sheet model for the past 3 Ma. On average, differences are only 1.0˚C for temperature and 6.2 m for sea level. Most notably, over the 35 Ma period, the reconstructed ice volume–temperature sensitivity shows a transition from a climate controlled by Southern Hemisphere ice sheets to one controlled by Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Although the transient behaviour is important, equilibrium experiments show that the relationship between temperature and sea level is linear and symmetric, providing limited evidence for hysteresis. Furthermore, the results show a good comparison with other simulations of Antarctic ice volume and observed sea level.
Surface mass and energy balance of Sørbreen, Jan Mayen, 2008
Authors: Hulth John , Rolstad Cecilie , Trondsen Karoline , Rødby Ragnhild Wedøe
Published: June 2010

Mass-balance measurements were initiated in 2007/08 on Sørbreen, Jan Mayen, including operation of automatic weather stations in the ablation zone. Mean daily melt rate is 3.6 cmw.e. d−1 for the investigated snow-free period of 115 days in June-September 2008. During this period, the net radiation is the largest contributor to melt. However, the relative contribution is highest in June (81%) and less in September (21%). The net longwave radiation is negative, acting as a heat sink. The climate on Jan Mayen is polar maritime with generally high humidity and overcast conditions. This leads to a positive latent heat flux, which represents condensation to the glacier surface. Persistent temperature inversions on the island lead to non-linear lapse rates and an ablation profile where melt does not necessarily decrease with increased elevation. A comparison of air temperatures on the glacier and twice-daily radiosonde ascents from the meteorological station, ∼ 20 km away from the glacier, shows that air temperatures at corresponding elevations are highly correlated (R2 = 0.94–0.96). This indicates that radiosonde temperature profiles can be valuable for determining lapse rates for melt modeling of the glacier.
Dynamics of the ice cap on King George Island, Antarctica: field measurements and numerical simulations
Authors: Rückamp Martin , Blindow Norbert , Suckro Sonja , Braun Matthias , Humbert Angelika
Published: June 2010

King George Island is located at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, which is influenced by maritime climate conditions. The observed mean annual air temperature at sea level is –2.4˚C. Thus, the ice cap is regarded as sensitive to changing climatic conditions. Ground-penetrating radar surveys indicate a partly temperate ice cap with an extended water layer at the firn/ice transition of the up to 700 m high ice cap. Measured firn temperatures are close to 0˚C at the higher elevations, and they differ considerably from the measured mean annual air temperature. The aim of this paper is to present ice-flow dynamics by means of observations and simulations of the flow velocities. During several field campaigns from 1997/98 to 2008/09, ice surface velocities were derived with repeated differential GPS measurements. Ice velocities vary from 0.7 m a−1 at the dome to 112.1 m a−1 along steep slopes. For the western part of the ice cap a three-dimensional diagnostic full-Stokes model was applied to calculate ice flow. Parameters of the numerical model were identified with respect to measured ice surface velocities. The simulations indicate cold ice at higher elevations, while temperate ice at lower elevations is consistent with the observations.
Thermodynamical Description of Running Discontinuities: Application to Friction and Wear
Authors: Stolz Claude
Published: June 2010

The friction and wear phenomena appear due to contact and relative motion between two solids. The evolution of contact conditions depends on loading conditions and mechanical behaviours. The wear phenomena are essentially characterized by a matter loss. Wear and friction are in interaction due to the fact that particles are detached from the solids. A complex medium appears as an interface having a strong effect on the friction condition. The purpose of this paper is to describe such phenomena taking account of different scales of modelization in order to derive some macroscopic laws. A thermodynamical approach is proposed and models of wear are analysed in this framework where the separation between the dissipation due to friction and that due to wear is made. Applications on different cases are presented.
Antifungal Activity and Nail Permeation of Nail Lacquer Containing Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. CD. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck (Piperaceae) Leave Extracts and Derivatives
Authors: Koroishi Andrea Mayumi , Sehn Elizandra , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Ueda-Nakamura Tânia , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Cortez Diógenes Aparício Garcia , Filho Benedito Prado Dias
Published: June 2010

The dermatophytes are filamentous fungi that cause cutaneous fungal infections because they use keratin as a nutrient source. For this study the antidermatophyte activity of the extracts and derivates from leaves of Piper regnellii was analyzed. From the dichloromethane extract (EBD) neolignans such as eupomatenoid-3 and eupomatenoid-5 were obtained, and it was submitted to fractionation to remove the green residue, designated as the chloroform fraction (FF). Extracts, chloroform fraction and compounds were tested against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28189 to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The chloroform fraction was incorporated to nail lacquer that was analyzed by photoacoustic spectroscopy, in vitro assay and scanning electronic microscopy. For antifungal activity in solid medium the dichloromethane extract and chloroform fraction were used. The compounds eupomatenoid-3 and eupomatenoid-5 were less active than the dichloromethane extract against T. rubrum. EBD and FF showed moderate activity in hyphal growth inhibition in solid medium and EBD did not link to ergosterol. Nail lacquer containing the chloroform fraction showed good penetration through the nail as determined by photoacoustic spectroscopy. From in vitro studies it was observed that nail lacquer concentrations above 20 mg/mL prevented the growth of fungi, but concentrations up to 2.5 inhibited the growth. Scanning electronic microscopy was used to confirm the in vitro nail lacquer activity results. The specie P. regnellii showed great antifungal activity against T. rubrum, and nail lacquer containing its chloroform fraction has great potential to treat onychomycosis caused by these microorganisms.
Aquilarin A, a New Benzenoid Derivative from the Fresh Stem of Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Wang Qing-Huang , Peng Ke , Tan Le-He , Dai Hao-Fu
Published: June 2010

Chemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the fresh stem of Aquilaria sinensis collected in Hainan Province of China resulted in the isolation of a new benzenoid, named aquilarin A (1), together with two known compounds balanophonin (2) and (+)-lariciresinol (3). Their structures were elucidated by a study of their physical and spectral data. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 and SMMC-7721 cell lines.
The Role of Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Food Supplements in Intestinal Health
Authors: Cencic Avrelija , Chingwaru Walter
Published: June 2010

New eating habits, actual trends in production and consumption have a health, environmental and social impact. The European Union is fighting diseases characteristic of a modern age, such as obesity, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, allergies and dental problems. Developed countries are also faced with problems relating to aging populations, high energy foods, and unbalanced diets. The potential of nutraceuticals/functional foods/food supplements in mitigating health problems, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is discussed. Certain members of gut microflora (e.g., probiotic/protective strains) play a role in the host health due to its involvement in nutritional, immunologic and physiological functions. The potential mechanisms by which nutraceuticals/functional foods/food supplements may alter a host’s health are also highlighted in this paper. The establishment of novel functional cell models of the GI and analytical tools that allow tests in controlled experiments are highly desired for gut research.
The Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Hypertensive Therapy
Authors: Padmanabhan Sandosh , Paul Laura , Dominczak Anna F.
Published: June 2010

Hypertension is a major public health problem, but measures to reduce blood pressure and thus cardiovascular risk are complicated by the high prevalence of treatment resistance, despite the availability of multiple drugs. Drug side-effects contribute considerably to suboptimal blood pressure control. Clinicians must often rely on empirical methods to match patients with effective drug treatment. Hypertension pharmacogenomics seeks to find genetic predictors of response to drugs that lower blood pressure and to translate this knowledge into clinical practice. In this review we summarise the current status of hypertension pharmacogenetics from monogenic hypertension to essential hypertension and discuss the issues that need to be considered in a hypertension pharmacogenomic study.
Evidence of Hydroperiod Shortening in a Preserved System of Temporary Ponds
Authors: Gómez-Rodríguez Carola , Bustamante Javier , Díaz-Paniagua Carmen
Published: June 2010

Based on field data simultaneous with Landsat overpasses from six different dates, we developed a robust linear model to predict subpixel fractions of water cover. The model was applied to a time series of 174 Landsat TM and ETM+ images to reconstruct the flooding regime of a system of small temporary ponds and to study their spatio-temporal changes in a 23-year period. We tried to differentiate natural fluctuations from trends in hydrologic variables (i.e., hydroperiod shortening) that may threaten the preservation of the system. Although medium-resolution remote sensing data have rarely been applied to the monitoring of small-sized wetlands, this study evidences its utility to understand the hydrology of temporary ponds at a local scale. We show that the temporary ponds in Doñana National Park constitute a large and heterogeneous system with high intra and inter-annual variability. We also evidence that the conservation value of this ecosystem is threatened by the observed tendency to shorter annual hydroperiods in recent years, probably due to aquifer exploitation. This system of temporary ponds deserves special attention for the high density and heterogeneity of natural ponds, not common in Europe. For this reason, management decisions to avoid its destruction or degradation are critical.
Conservation Value of Residential Open Space: Designation and Management Language of Florida’s Land Development Regulations
Authors: Wald Dara M. , Hostetler Mark E.
Published: June 2010

The conservation value of open space depends upon the quantity and quality of the area protected, as well as how it is designed and managed. This study reports the results of a content analysis of Florida county Land Development Regulations. Codes were reviewed to determine the amount of open space required, how open space is protected during construction, the delegation of responsibilities, and the designation of funds for management. Definitions of open space varied dramatically across the state. Most county codes provided inadequate descriptions of management recommendations, which could lead to a decline in the conservation value of the protected space.
Ochratoxin A in Portugal: A Review to Assess Human Exposure
Authors: Duarte Sofia C. , Pena Angelina , Lino Celeste M.
Published: June 2010

In Portugal, the climate, dietary habits, and food contamination levels present the characteristics for higher population susceptibility to ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the known mycotoxins with the greatest public health and agro-economic importance. In this review, following a brief historical insight on OTA research, a summary of the available data on OTA occurrence in food (cereals, bread, wine, meat) and biological fluids (blood, urine) is made. With this data, an estimation of intake is made to ascertain and update the risk exposure estimation of the Portuguese population, in comparison to previous studies and other populations.
Fine‐scale comparisons of genetic variability in seed families of asexually and sexually reproducing Crataegus (hawthorn; Rosaceae)
Authors: Lo Eugenia Y. Y. , Stefanović Saša , Ritland Kermit , Dickinson Timothy A.
Published: June 2010

The reproductive system is one of the key mechanisms that determine genetic diversity at different biological levels. However, few attempts have been made to assess the consequences of asexual reproduction by comparing genetic structure and fecundity of seed families in asexually and sexually reproducing individuals. We have examined two similar hawthorn species, Crataegus crus‐galli and C. punctata, that differ in ploidy level and breeding system. Fecundity (per‐fruit seed set) and microsatellite genotypes for five loci were determined in 18 and 26 seed families of C. crus‐galli and C. punctata (totals of 83 and 118 embryos), respectively. Compared with the sexual diploid C. punctata, tetraploid C. crus‐galli shows similar fecundity, but lower genotypic diversity within and between seed families. Reproduction in the tetraploid, while predominantly apomictic, is nevertheless accompanied by outcrossing and selfing. We conclude that in C. crus‐galli pollen flow between conspecific individuals is limited, and the combination of pollen fertility, self‐compatibility, and pseudogamous apomixis provides reproductive assurance in these tetraploids. Reproductive assurance, in turn, may explain the derived floral architecture seen in most North American tetraploid hawthorns. We also discuss analytical approaches for inferring mating‐system parameters in tetraploids and for comparing microsatellite variation across ploidy levels.
Projections of suitable habitat for rare species under global warming scenarios
Authors: Ledig F. Thomas , Rehfeldt Gerald E. , Sáenz‐Romero Cuauhtémoc , Flores‐López Celestino
Published: June 2010

• Premise of the study: Modeling the contemporary and future climate niche for rare plants is a major hurdle in conservation, yet such projections are necessary to prevent extinctions that may result from climate change.

• Methods: We used recently developed spline climatic models and modified Random Forests statistical procedures to predict suitable habitats of three rare, endangered spruces of Mexico and a spruce of the southwestern USA. We used three general circulation models and two sets of carbon emission scenarios (optimistic and pessimistic) for future climates.

• Key results: Our procedures predicted present occurrence perfectly. For the decades 2030, 2060, and 2090, the ranges of all taxa progressively decreased, to the point of transient disappearance for one species in the decade 2060 but reappearance in 2090. Contrary to intuition, habitat did not develop to the north for any of the Mexican taxa; rather, climate niches for two taxa re‐materialized several hundred kilometers southward in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt. The climate niche for a third Mexican taxon shrank drastically, and its two mitotypes responded differently, one of the first demonstrations of the importance of intraspecific genetic variation in climate niches. The climate niche of the U.S. species shrank northward and upward in elevation.

• Conclusion: The results are important for conservation of these species and are of general significance for conservation by assisted colonization. We conclude that our procedures for producing models and projecting the climate niches of Mexican spruces provide a way for handling other rare plants, which constitute the great bulk of the world's endangered and most vulnerable flora.
Development, characterization, and transferability of microsatellite markers for Kirengeshoma palmata (Hydrangeaceae)
Authors: Sun Yi , Fu Cheng‐Xing , Qiu Ying‐Xiong
Published: June 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Kirengeshoma palmata to assess the population genetics and mating pattern of this critically endangered species.

• Methods and Results: A total of 24 microsatellite markers were developed for K. palmata using an enrichment protocol. These markers were screened in 37 individuals from four populations in China and Japan, and twelve were found to be polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to eight. All of these primers also amplified in K. koreana.

• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers provide a useful tool to investigate the mating system, gene flow, parentage, and population dynamics of Kirengeshoma.
The Symptom Burden Index: Development and Initial Findings from Use with Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: KALLEN MICHAEL A. , MAYES MAUREEN D. , KRISEMAN YANA L. , de ACHAVAL SOFIA B. , COX VANESSA L. , SUAREZ-ALMAZOR MARIA E.
Published: June 2010

Objective.

Our study had 3 aims: (1) to evaluate the functioning of the Symptom Burden Index (SBI) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc); (2) to determine the amount of burden per problem experienced by patients as well as the number of patients experiencing each measured problem area, and the number of SSc problems per patient; and (3) to characterize the burden profiles of problem area-specific subgroups of patients.

Methods.

We developed the SBI to determine the effect of problems in 8 major symptomatic areas of importance to patients (skin, hand mobility, calcinosis, shortness of breath, eating, bowel, sleep, and pain).

Results.

Sixty-two patients with SSc completed questionnaires on current disease-related problems, physical functioning, and health status. On average, patients were 53.4 years old and had had SSc for 8 years. Patients were mainly women (87%), English-speaking (87%), with diffuse SSc (63%), white (69%), married (61%), and lived with 1 or more additional household members (84%). Only 26% were employed full-time. The 3 most widely reported problem areas were pain, hand, and skin, experienced by 92%, 89%, and 88%, respectively. About one-third reported experiencing 0–5 problems and one-third 7–8 problems; individual patients experienced, on average, 5.7 problems.

Conclusion.

Psychometric evaluation determined that (1) summarizing SBI problem area item sets to report burden scores per problem measured is justified; (2) the 8 proposed problem areas are independent and deserve separate evaluation; and (3) burden scores correlate as expected with the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 questionnaire. The number of problems experienced and the degree of problem-associated burden that patients with SSc bear are substantial. Use of the SBI’s patient-focused measurements may aid physicians in resolving problems most directly affecting patients’ quality of life. This approach to measuring symptomatic burden in patients with chronic disease could be extended to other conditions.
Rupestral paintings of the "La Graja" cave. Pigment characterization and digital image analysis
Authors: Palomo A. , Blanco-Várela M.T. , Herrero P. , Prendes N.
Published: June 2010

The present study is part of a wide-ranging research on a group of archaeological sites located in Andalucía (Spain) whose main aim was a better understanding of these sites within a geomorphological, biological and climatic context. This specific investigation concerns the alteration processes affecting the rupestral paintings found in the cave of "La Graja". It has been concluded that such processes are related mainly to the high availability of water at the site's location. The paint's composition diverges from that usually encountered in other, previously studied shelters, where iron oxides have been found to prevail. The presence of copper oxides, titanium and cerium represents a departure from the common findings in Andalusian rupestral paintings.
The Monastery of Uclés (Cuenca, Spain): characterization and deterioration of building materials
Authors: Álvarez De Buergo M. , Fort R. , Gómez-Heras M.
Published: June 2010

Building materials from the Monastery of Uclés façades, in Cuenca (16th-18 th centuries), have been characterised, as well as identified their deterioration forms. Characterization consisted of the determination o mineralogical and petrographical properties of building materials; petrophysical and petrochemical characterization of building stones were also carried out. Stony materials are basically of two types, dolostones and limestones. Ashlars joint mortars are of three classes, chronologically from the oldest to the newest: lime mortars with siliceous and dolomitic aggregates, gypsum/lime mortars with dolomitic aggregates, and gypsum/lime mortars with siliceous aggregates. The façades have been protected with artificial patinas of three kinds: lime, lime/gypsum and gypsum patinas, chronologically from the oldest to the newest, with a variable thickness from 500 µm. The dolomitic fades are better conserved than the calcareous ones, and the covering artificial patinas presence have preserved the materials on which they were applied.
Experimental study on the effect of ambient temperature on ready-mix concrete strength. Part 2: Industrial implementation
Authors: Puig Montraveta J. , Masó Gamell D. , Ortiz Lozano J. A. , Dos Santos A. C. P. , Aguado de Cea A.
Published: June 2010

This paper is the second part of an experimental study about the effect of environmental temperature on the concrete performance, from an industrial perspective. An earlier article on its effect on aggregate, paste, mortar and concrete workability and mechanical properties reported that high temperature had a clearly adverse impact on strength, which can generally be offset with overdoses of both cement and water to maintain the original water/cement ratio. In this second part of the paper the basis of a methodological formulation is presented, with the purpose of carry out the optimization of the overdosage of cement in concrete in hot climates, in order to be industrially implemented in ready mix concrete plants. This proposal has been successfully applied in some ready mix concrete plants of the company Promotora Mediterránea 2, S.A. (PROMSA), considering that the cement content (overdosage) in concrete can be optimized without any adverse effect in its performance, reason why it is possible to reduce the production costs of concrete without reducing its quality.
Scientific Basis for the Potential Use of Melatonin in Bone Diseases: Osteoporosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Sánchez-Barceló E. J. , Mediavilla M. D. , Tan D. X. , Reiter R. J.
Published: June 2010

The objective of this paper was to analyze the data supporting the possible role of melatonin on bone metabolism and its repercussion in the etiology and treatment of bone pathologies such as the osteoporosis and the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Melatonin may prevent bone degradation and promote bone formation through mechanisms involving both melatonin receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions. The three principal mechanisms of melatonin effects on bone function could be: (a) the promotion of the osteoblast differentiation and activity; (b) an increase in the osteoprotegerin expression by osteoblasts, thereby preventing the differentiation of osteoclasts; (c) scavenging of free radicals generated by osteoclast activity and responsible for bone resorption. A variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, although with some controversial results, point toward a possible role of melatonin deficits in the etiology of osteoporosis and AIS and open a new field related to the possible therapeutic use of melatonin in these bone diseases.
"ROLE OF ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA IN THE ERA OF NEW DRUGS"
Authors: Bruno Benedetto , Giaccone Luisa , Festuccia Moreno , Boccadoro Mario
Published: June 2010

High-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell rescue has been regarded as the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed myeloma up to the age of 65-70 years. The recent development of agents with potent anti-tumor activity such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib has further improved overall survival and response rates. However, relapse is a continuous risk.            Allografting is a potentially curative treatment for a subset of multiple myeloma patients for its well documented graft-vs-myeloma effects. However, its role has been hotly debated. Even though molecular remissions have been reported up to 50% after high-dose myeloablative conditionings, their applications, given the high toxicity, have been for long limited to younger relapsed/refractory patients. These limitations have greatly been reduced through the introduction of non-myeloablative/reduced-intensity conditionings.             The introduction of new drugs, characterised by low risks of early mortality, indeed requires to define role and timing of an allograft to capture the subset of patients who may most benefit from graft-vs-myeloma effects.   Ultimately, new drugs should not be viewed as mutually exclusive with an allograft. They may be employed to achieve profound cytoreduction before and enhance graft-versus-myeloma effects as consolidation/maintenance therapy after an allograft. However, this combination should be explored only in well-designed clinical trials.
Sensory Processing Disorders and Social Participation
Authors: Cosbey Joanna , Johnston Susan S. , Dunn M. Louise
Published: June 2010

Participation in social aspects of daily life is crucial to children’s development. Although disability status is recognized to affect children’s ability to participate in social activities, little is understood about the impact of sensory processing disorders (SPD) on children’s social participation. We examined the social participation patterns of 2 groups of children (ages 6–9): (1) children with SPD and (2) their typically developing peers. All children participated in a structured interview to report their social participation patterns, including activity patterns and social networks. We used parent and teacher questionnaires to triangulate the data gathered from the children. Results revealed that the 2 groups of children demonstrated generally similar patterns of activity preferences and use of free time but had significant differences in areas related to intensity and enjoyment of involvement and in their social networks. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
No More Is: High Expectations Can Lead to High Achievement
Authors: CERVONE LAUREEN , DiMARTINO LISA , KERR KRIS
Published: June 2010

I see a real difference here. Four years ago, when I started high school, there was confusion and people looked down on me. Today I am looking forward to graduation and college. My teachers really support me now. (Middletown High School senior Manuel Rivera, who most recently scored at the advanced level on New York State's test of English proficiency)
Simultaneous Listening and Reading in ESL: Helping Second Language Learners Read (and Enjoy Reading) More Efficiently
Authors: WOODALL BILLY
Published: June 2010

This study investigated the effects of simultaneously reading and listening to the same text on comprehension and fluency gains for basic‐level English language learners at a university in Puerto Rico. The quiz scores and fluency rates of two English lab groups (n = 69) who read and listened to E. B. White's novel Charlotte's Web were compared to the scores and rates of two other English lab groups (n = 68) who silently read the same novel. The listening‐while‐reading group outscored the reading‐only group on all eight weekly comprehension quizzes; for four of those quizzes, the difference was statistically significant (p =< 0.05). Data on fluency gains failed to show any trends.
On the LiDAR contribution for landscape archaeology and palaeoenvironmental studies: the case study of Bosco dell'Incoronata (Southern Italy)
Authors: Coluzzi R. , Lanorte A. , Lasaponara R.
Published: June 2010

Abstract. This paper focuses on the potential of the latest generation of Airborne laser scanning (ALS) for the detection and the spatial characterization of microtopographic relief linked to ancient landscapes and palaeoenvironmental features. ALS is an optical measurement technique for obtaining high-precision information about the Earth's surface including basic terrain mapping (Digital terrain model, bathymetry, corridor mapping), vegetation cover (forest assessment and inventory), coastal, and urban areas. Recent studies examined the possibility of using ALS in archaeological investigations to identify earthworks, although the ability of ALS measurements in this context has not yet been studied in detail. In this study, the investigations based on ALS survey and aerial photos were carried out for the natural protected area, Bosco dell'Incoronata in the Apulia Region (Southern Italy). The investigated area is an important site from the naturalistic, historic and archaeological point of view. It is an ancient lowland forest, still present in the medieval time, which has been characterized by a long and intensive human activity from Neolithic to Middle Ages. The LiDAR based analysis allowed us to identify features not visible from ground or from optical data set because hidden by forest canopy and dense understory. The DTM enabled us to identify some microtopographic relief linked to traces of past landscapes, as in the case of the Cervaro paleaoriverbed. It is quite interesting to note that the river changed many times from North to South side compared to the present stream, and traces of past human activities can be still evident close to the diverse paleaoriverbeds. Nevertheless, intensive and systematic study of the ancient landscapes of the Bosco dell'Incoronata is just beginning and so far questions tend to be raised rather than answered. The current study emphasizes the potential of aerial LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) survey for detecting surface discontinuities and microtopographic relief linked to palaeoenvironmental features, even hidden by under dense canopy and understory.
Climate response to freshwater perturbations in Northern or Southern Hemispheres at the last glacial inception, the last glacial maximum and the present-day
Authors: Philippon-Berthier G. , Ramstein G. , Charbit S. , Ritz C.
Published: June 2010

Abstract. Freshwater inputs in North Atlantic due to huge surge of icebergs coming from ice sheets might be responsible for drastic regional and global abrupt climatic transitions. To quantify the sensitivity of climate system to these freshwater inputs, we use a model of intermediate complexity coupled to ice-sheet models for both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. We mimic the Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich Events by forcing the model with appropriate freshwater perturbations. The originality of this study is to investigate with such a global model, the response of the coupled system to freshwater discharges for three different climate contexts, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Last Glacial Inception (LGI) and the present-day (PD) climates. We first show that in all climate contexts, the North Atlantic circulation is more sensitive to freshwater flux when ice sheets are present. Secondly, the "seesaw" mechanism occurs mostly for the North Atlantic freshwater perturbation whereas it remains very weak for the Southern Ocean freshwater release. Moreover, this seesaw is generally enhanced when ice sheets are interactive. The most striking result is that the freshwater perturbation amplifies the inception of the North American ice sheet at LGI the sea-level drop associated is significantly increased and in a much better agreement with data.
Novel Object Recognition in the Rat: A Facile Assay for Cognitive Function
Authors: Mathiasen Joanne R. , DiCamillo Amy
Published: June 2010

The rat novel object recognition (NOR) assay is a relatively high‐throughput, robust, and sensitive procedure for evaluating compounds for cognition‐enhancing activity. For the test, rats are given the opportunity to explore two identical objects for a predetermined period of time. After a delay, the animals are then presented with two objects to explore, one of which is the same as in the first exploration trial, the other a new object. Depending on the length of the delay between the two trials, the rats will either explore the novel object for a greater time period, indicating memory for the familiar object, or will explore the novel and familiar objects for the same amount of time, indicating a lack of recall or loss of memory for the familiar object presented during the initial trial. The protocol described in this unit can be used to evaluate the effects of a compound on the short‐term/working memory of adult male rats following a 24‐hr inter‐trial interval. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 49:5.59.1‐5.59.15. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Palladium–Schiff base–triphenylphosphine catalyzed oxidation of alcohols
Authors: R. Dileep , Bhat Badekai Ramachandra
Published: June 2010

Novel palladium(II)‐N‐(2‐pyridyl)‐N′‐(5‐R‐salicylidene) hydrazine triphenylphosphine complexes were synthesized and characterized by UV, IR, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectral analysis, C, H, N analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes were effective in the catalytic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols in presence of N‐methyl‐morpholine‐N‐oxide as oxidant. The oxidation reactions were carried out in dichloromethane. A mechanistic study of the above reactions has been proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetizable antibody‐like proteins
Authors: Dehal Prabhjyot Kaur , Livingston Christine Frances , Dunn Claire Geekie , Buick Richard , Luxton Richard , Pritchard David John
Published: June 2010

Use of paramagnetic particles to isolate molecules or cells from complex media is well established. Typically, particles are manufactured and coated with a biological molecule that confers specific biorecognition. Incubation of particles with sample and exposure to magnetic fields isolates the species of interest. We have designed, produced and assessed magnetized fusion proteins consisting of the antigen‐binding portion of an antibody (single chain variable fraction; scFv) fused to the heavy chain of the iron‐binding protein ferritin. The fusion protein subunits expressed in E. coli assemble to form a fusion protein consisting of a ferritin sphere with scFvs on the surface. The fusion proteins were chemically magnetized by introducing a paramagnetic iron core. The resultant fusion protein was shown to be magnetizable and capable of binding target antigens. These “organic” magnetizable particles possess a number of theoretical advantages over traditional inorganic particles.
Protein chips for detection of mite allergens using Kunitz‐type protease inhibitors
Authors: Poltronieri Palmiro , Cimaglia Fabio , Santino Angelo , De Blasi Marialuce Daniela , Krizkova‐Kudlikova Iva , Liu Shaoyang , Wang Yuhong , Wang Yifen
Published: June 2010

Stored‐food and house‐dust arthropods include many species of mites and beetles that affect human health. For diagnostic tests proteases such as trypsin are utilized as they are indicators of the presence of allergen contaminants in food. We recently characterized Kunitz‐type protease inhibitors (KPIs) from Solanum palustre. Here we studied biotechnological applications of KPI‐B1 and ‐B4. We manufactured a protein chip with immobilized KPI‐B1 and ‐B4 and showed trypsin/chymotrypsin‐binding specificity, indicating that the recombinant proteins have protease selectivity. We employed the protein chip to capture mite proteins belonging to the protease family with polyclonal anti‐mite antibodies. The mite diagnostic chip can be useful for detecting mite allergens.
Development of a validated high‐throughput LC‐ESI‐MS method for determination of sirolimus on dried blood spots
Authors: Rao R. Nageswara , Maurya Pawan K. , Ramesh M. , Srinivas R. , Agwane Sachin B.
Published: June 2010

A high‐throughput liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC–ESI‐MS) method for screening of sirolimus on dried blood spots (DBS) was developed and validated. It involves solvent extraction of a punch of DBS followed by reversed‐phase LC on a relatively new monolithic column consisting of a silica rod with bimodal pore structure and detection by ESI‐MS. The run time was less than 3 min with a very low backpressure at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The method can analyze more than 100 samples in an 8 h working day, including sample preparation. The assay was linear from 1 to 100 ng/mL. The mean recovery was 92.42%. The mean inter‐day and intra‐day precisions were 1.23 and 1.41%, respectively. The developed method is simple, rapid and useful for clinical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts from climate change on organizations: a conceptual foundation
Authors: Winn Monika , Kirchgeorg Manfred , Griffiths Andrew , Linnenluecke Martina K. , Günther Elmar
Published: June 2010

Physical impacts from climate change already pose major challenges for organizations, and the trend is rising. Organization theorists, however, have barely begun to systematically consider the organizational impacts of more and increasingly intense storms, floods, droughts, fires, sea level rise or changing growing seasons as part of their domain of study. Eight organizationally relevant dimensions of climate impacts are identified: severity, temporal scale, spatial scale, predictability, mode, immediacy, state change potential and accelerating trend potential. Combined, their scale, scope and systemic uncertainty suggest future conditions of systemic hyperturbulence in organizational environments, defined here as ‘massive discontinuous change’ (MDC). To build a conceptual foundation for organizations to respond and adapt to MDC, the paper examines contributions from literatures on the management of sustainability, crisis, risk, resilience and adaptive organizational change. It highlights gaps for addressing both business challenges and opportunities from MDC, and suggests avenues for future research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Why are Kenyan teachers still using corporal punishment eight years after a ban on corporal punishment?
Authors: Mweru Maureen
Published: May 2010

The Kenyan government banned corporal punishment in Kenyan schools in 2001 and enacted the Children's Act (Government of Kenya, 2001) which entitles children to protection from all forms of abuse and violence. Kenya is also a signatory to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Nations, 1990) which states that discipline involving violence is unacceptable. In spite of this, the use of corporal punishment continues in Kenyan schools. This study therefore sought to identify the reasons behind the use of corporal punishment by Kenyan teachers and teachers' awareness of existing laws on the use of violence on children. Data collected through focus group discussions showed that teachers were aware of existing laws prohibiting the use of corporal punishment in schools. Their reasons for using corporal punishment included the belief that it was the most effective way to discipline children and that parents had authorised its use. This study has shown that, although the Kenyan government has introduced laws to protect children, teachers will readily break them if they believe it is for the children's good. This paper therefore recommends the involvement of the Kenyan government in training teachers on non‐violent ways of disciplining children. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Recrystallization of Oxygen Ion Implanted Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 Thin Films.
Authors: Liedtke R. , Hoffmann S. , Waser R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Physical Properties of LnAsTe (Ln: La, Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er).
Authors: Huang Fu Qiang , Brazis Paul , Kannewurf Carl R. , Ibers James A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity of Two Compounds Containing the Tancoite‐like [Ga(HPO4)2F]2‐∞ Chain.
Authors: Walton Richard I. , Millange Franck , O'Hare Dermot , Paulet Capucine , Loiseau Thierry , Ferey Gerard
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Amino Ketones Using Chiral RuCl2(diphosphine)(1,2‐diamine) Complexes.
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Ishii Dai , Takeno Hiroshi , Noyori Ryoji
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Route to Amino‐azines.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Keshavarz Housainali
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Useful Synthesis of Diethyl 1‐Substituted Vinylphosphonates.
Authors: Krawczyk H. , Koszuk J. , Bodalski R.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Enyne Cycloisomerization.
Authors: Cao Ping , Wang Bin , Zhang Xumu
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Carbon—Nitrogen Bonds via a Novel Radical Azidation Process.
Authors: Ollivier Cyril , Renaud Philippe
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Thiocarbonylation of Conjugated Dienes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Xiao Wen‐Jing , Vasapollo Giuseppe , Alper Howard
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deprotection of Alkyl t‐Butyldimethylsilyl Ethers in the Presence of Aryl t‐Butyldimethylsilyl Ethers with Bismuth Bromide.
Authors: Bajwa Joginder S. , Vivelo James , Slade Joel , Repic Oljan , Blacklock Thomas
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.