bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the literature and proposed algorithm for penile fracture management
Authors: Hardesty Juliet , Burns Ramzy T , Soyster Mary E , Mellon Matthew , Bernie Helen L
Published: October 2023

Introduction

In the management of penile fractures, immediate surgical repair has resulted in better outcomes when compared with a conservative approach; however, there is currently no consensus on the treatment of patients presenting beyond the immediate period (>24 hours) following injury.

Objectives

To examine the latest literature on management strategies in penile fracture and propose an optimal algorithm for the treatment of patients with delayed presentation.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted following the PRISMA-P 2020 guidelines. A search was performed in several databases with the following strategy: (“Penile fracture” OR “fracture of penis” OR “rupture of corpora cavernosa” OR “rupture of tunica albuginea”) AND (management OR treatment OR surgery OR “surgical reconstruction” OR “surgical repair”). This resulted in 108 relevant articles. Two independent reviewers screened these articles according to the inclusion criteria. Full-text review of 56 articles was performed, and ultimately 20 studies were selected. Measures included the use of diagnostic imaging, timing of surgical repair (immediate, <24 hours after injury; delayed, >24 hours), surgical approach, and long-term complications (ie, erectile dysfunction and penile curvature).

Results

The review highlighted the benefits of immediate surgical repair in penile fractures, demonstrating improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, it found that surgical repair should be considered even in cases with delayed presentation (>24 hours after injury). To better evaluate the long-term impact of delayed surgical intervention on patient outcomes, we recommend standardized postoperative follow-up, with routine assessments of erectile function and penile curvature.

Conclusion

Contemporary literature suggests that immediate and delayed surgical repair of penile fractures leads to adequate postoperative outcomes, and patients presenting >24 hours after injury should still be considered for surgery.
Effects of physical exercise interventions on ejaculation control
Authors: Niu Caoyuan , Santtila Pekka
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Premature ejaculation is a prevalent male sexual dysfunction that causes significant distress for men and their partners on a global scale. Despite its widespread impact, effective treatment options without undesirable side effects remain limited.

Objectives

The present review aimed to provide an overview of experimental studies that analyzed the effects of physical exercise interventions on premature ejaculation.

Methods

The inclusion criteria for the review included: Population: Adult men. Intervention: An intervention designed to increase physical exercise was delivered in the study. Comparison: Before versus after intervention with or without a comparison group receiving a drug treatment or an active or no control intervention. Outcomes: Self-reported or clinician-rated premature ejaculation or its symptoms. Study type: Experimental designs. We conducted the search process in 9 databases: APA PsycNET, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, and CAB Direct. This review included six intervention studies that included 433 participants (307 men with premature ejaculation) ranging from 18 to 50 years of age. All participants had a stable female sexual partner and had not any other physical or mental problems.

Results

The synthesized results indicated that yoga, running, and high-intensity interval training alleviate premature ejaculation symptoms in men with premature ejaculation after varying intervention duration times. The effectiveness of physical exercise for premature ejaculation symptoms was similar to that of drug treatments.

Conclusion

Physical exercise can be one of the potential treatment modalities for premature ejaculation. The intensity of physical exercise and the effort of participants during exercise are key factors affecting improvements in ejaculation control. A potential limitation was that the review did not include any literature written in non-English languages.
The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Lung Cancer After Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Minh , Latiers Fabien , Aboubakar Nana Frank , Lacroix Valérie , Reychler Gregory
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The standard of care treatment of potentially resectable lung cancer (LC) is surgery. However, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and impairments in physical capacity are common. Recently, the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in postoperative patients with LC (PWLC) was investigated in these outcomes in different studies. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the effect of postoperative IMT (P-IMT) on PPCs and physical capacity in PWLC.

Database:

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched.

Study Selection:

Randomized controlled trials, including control/sham group, IMT as the intervention group, and key measures including PPCs, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Vo
2peak, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), quality of life (QoL), physical activity level, hospital length of stay, spirometry.

Data Synthesis:

The quality of the studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The outcome findings were compared and interpreted.

Results:

Five studies with 249 patients were analyzed. The PEDro scores of studies ranged from 6 to 8. There is no significant difference in PPCs between the groups. The effects of P-IMT on the 6MWT, Vo
2Peak, MIP, MEP, and QoL were ambiguous. No effect of P-IMT on spirometry was reported.

Conclusion:

No effect of P-IMT in PPCs was reported. The effect of P-IMT on physical capacity and respiratory muscle strength was not observed. The level of the effect of P-IMT on hospital length of stay and postoperative physical activity was low. No optimal setting of P-IMT for PWLC with surgery was found. More studies are needed.
Withdrawal-like Symptoms in Problematic Pornography Use: A Scoping Review
Authors: Roza Thiago Henrique , Noronha Lucas Tavares , Shintani Augusto Ossamu , Massuda Raffael , Kessler Felix Henrique Paim , Passos Ives Cavalcante
Published: October 2023

Objectives

There is still debate whether problematic pornography use (PPU) can be understood as an addictive disorder, and little is known about withdrawal-like symptoms in these patients. Therefore, our aim was to summarize the existing scientific literature about this topic in the format of a scoping review.

Methods

Potentially eligible references were retrieved from 6 databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO) up to February 7, 2023. Studies were included if they reported original data about withdrawal-like symptoms in individuals with PPU. Studies investigating child pornography use, or in which it was not possible to extract data of interest were excluded. Data extracted from included studies and their quality assessment were described narratively.

Results

A total of 937 references were retrieved, and 14 studies were included (n = 31,009 participants). According to our results, cravings were intense in most cases and frequent reasons for relapse. The proportion of participants experiencing other withdrawal-like symptoms (mental, sexual, and physical symptoms) reached up to 72.2% in the cross-sectional studies with this information available. Severity of withdrawal symptoms was associated with severity of PPU and frequency of pornography use. In some studies, measures of withdrawal symptoms were considered central symptoms of PPU and were significantly higher in individuals considering treatment. Masturbation was reported to alleviate withdrawal-like symptoms in some cases.

Conclusions

There is preliminary evidence for the existence of withdrawal-like symptoms in PPU. Future studies should investigate onset, characteristics, duration, and proportion of withdrawal-like symptoms in PPU with robust methodology, also investigating potential confounding variables.
The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises on Respiratory Muscle Strength, Respiratory Functions, and Postural Control in Children With Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tuncer Deniz , Gurses Hulya Nilgun
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of core stabilization training on respiratory muscle strength, respiratory functions, and postural control in children with hearing loss.

Design:

We conducted a randomized controlled trial at Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. Thirty children with hearing loss who were diagnosed with prelingual sensorineural hearing loss were randomly allocated to the study (n = 15, 12.20 ± 1.69 years) and control (n = 15, 11.87 ± 2.20 years) groups. Core stabilization training protocol was performed by the study group for 8 weeks, 5 days/week, whereas the control group received no training. The primary outcome measure was respiratory muscle strength. The secondary outcome measures were: spirometry, postural control tests on Biodex Balance System, and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Exercise adherence was recorded via a diary for home sessions. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and the end of the 8 weeks.

Results:

In the study group, a significant improvement was observed in force vital capacity, peak expiratory flow of the spirometry test, maximum inspiratory pressure/expiratory pressure (MEP) of the respiratory muscle strength test; postural stability test except "anterior/posterior stability index", limits of stability test except "backward" and "forward/right", all parameters of the Modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB) test except “eyes closed firm surface” of the Biodex Balance System, and total score of BESS. Group × time interaction was found in MEP, “overall” stability index in postural stability test, “overall,” “left,” and “backward left” of limits of stability test, all parameters of the mCTSIB, and BESS total.

Conclusions:

Core stabilization exercises were effective in improving respiratory muscle strength, spirometry, and postural control in children with hearing loss.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Elective Management of Diverticulitis: Perspectives from a National Sample of Colorectal Surgeons
Authors: Williamson Andrea J.H. , Cain Brian T. , Hoggan Trevor J. , Larsen Madison W. , Kimball Elisabeth R. , Bloomquist Kennedi , Galyean Patrick , Zickmund Susan , Cohan Jessica N.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Diverticulitis is a complex, heterogeneous disease process which affects a diverse population of patients. In the elective management of this disease, treatment guidelines have shifted toward patient-centered, individualized decision making. It is not known what challenges surgeons face as they approach these nuanced treatment decisions in practice.

OBJECTIVE:

Identify opportunities to support colorectal surgeons in elective diverticulitis treatment.

DESIGN:

This was a qualitative study using standardized, semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives of 29 colorectal surgeons recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using an “open-coding” approach.

SETTINGS:

Interviews with a national sample of colorectal surgeons were conducted from a single center using an online video platform.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Interviews explored surgeons’ experiences treating diverticulitis in the elective setting, focusing on perceived challenges in providing patient-centered care as well as opportunities to improve treatment decisions.

RESULTS:

Our qualitative analysis identified an overarching challenge in elective diverticulitis management for surgeons: difficulty ensuring adequate patient understanding of the risks and benefits of various treatments. This was thought to be due 1) pre-existing patient expectations about treatment and 2) lack of data regarding long-term treatment outcomes. Surgeons identified two potential opportunities to combat these challenges: 1) patient education and 2) additional research regarding treatment outcomes, with potential for development of diverticulitis-specific decision support tools.

LIMITATIONS:

These results are based on a national sample of colorectal surgeons, but capture qualitative data which is not intended to provide generalizable findings.

CONCLUSIONS:

As surgeons work toward providing individualized care for diverticulitis patients, they find it difficult to adequately counsel patients regarding the patient-specific risks of various treatments. The results of this study identify specific contributors to this problem as well as potential targets for intervention, which can guide future efforts to support surgeons in providing patient-centered care.
Overexpression of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Exacerbates Coronary Reactive Hyperemia Reduction in Angiotensin-II-Treated Mouse Hearts
Authors: Hanif Ahmad , Edin Matthew L. , Zeldin Darryl C. , Nayeem Mohammed A.
Published: October 2023

Coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) is impaired in cardiovascular diseases, and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) exacerbates it. However, it is unknown how Ang-II affects CRH in Tie2-sEH Tr (human-sEH-overexpressed) versus wild-type (WT) mice. sEH-overexpression resulted in CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr versus WT. We hypothesized that Ang-II exacerbates CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr versus WT. The Langendorff system measured coronary flow in Tie2-sEH Tr and WT. The hearts were exposed to 15-second ischemia, and CRH was assessed in 10 mice each. Repayment volume was reduced by 40.50% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (7.42 ± 0.8 to 4.49 ± 0.8 mL/g) and 48% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (5.18 ± 0.4 to 2.68 ± 0.3 mL/g). Ang-II decreased repayment duration by 50% in WT-treated with Ang-II versus WT (2.46 ± 0.5 to 1.24 ± 0.4 minutes) and 54% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (1.66 ± 0.4 to 0.76 ± 0.2 minutes). Peak repayment flow was reduced by 11.2% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (35.98 ± 0.7 to 32.11 ± 1.4 mL/g) and 4% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (32.18 ± 0.6 to 30.89 ± 1.5 mL/g). Furthermore, coronary flow was reduced by 43% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (14.2 ± 0.5 to 8.15 ± 0.8 mL/min/g) and 32% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (12.1 ± 0.8 to 8.3 ± 1.2 mL/min/g). Moreover, the Ang-II-AT1-receptor and CYP4A were increased in Tie2-sEHTr. Our results demonstrate that Ang-II exacerbates CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr mice.
Concurrent Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients With High-Risk Comorbidities
Authors: Oh Oonjee , Lee Kyoung Suk
Published: October 2023

Background

Hypertensive patients with high-risk comorbidities require medications for each condition, leading to greater burden. The number of chronic conditions can affect patients' concurrent medication adherence.

Objective

We aimed to compare the characteristics of groups based on their concurrent medication adherence and investigate the association between the number of high-risk comorbidities and concurrent medication adherence for patients with hypertension and high-risk comorbidities.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Korea Health Panel Survey, including 2230 patients with hypertension and at least 1 high-risk comorbidity who were prescribed medications for at least 2 conditions. Using medication adherence for each condition, we identified 3 concurrent medication adherence groups: adherent, suboptimal, and nonadherent groups. Multinominal logistic regression was used to determine the association between the number of high-risk comorbidities and the concurrent medication adherence groups.

Results

Adherent, suboptimal, and nonadherent groups included 85%, 11%, and 4% of the patients, respectively. Whereas having more high-risk comorbidities was associated with belonging to the suboptimal group compared with the adherent group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46), having fewer high-risk comorbidities was associated with belonging to the nonadherent group compared with the adherent group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.52).

Conclusions

We identified 3 groups based on their concurrent medication adherence. Our results indicated that the relationship of the number of high-risk comorbidities with the concurrent medication adherence group was inconsistent.
Physical Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Heo Seongkum , Kang JungHee , Shin Mi-Seung , Lim Young-Hyo , Kim Sun Hwa , Kim Sangsuk , An Minjeong , Kim JinShil
Published: October 2023

Background

Physical and psychological symptoms are prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and are associated with poor quality of life (QOL) and high hospitalization rates. Thus, it is critical to identify symptom clusters to better manage patients with high-risk symptom cluster(s) and to reduce adverse effects.

Objective

The aims of this study were to identify clusters of physical HF symptoms (ie, dyspnea during daytime, dyspnea when lying down, fatigue, chest pain, edema, sleeping difficulty, and dizziness) and depressive symptoms and to examine their association with QOL in patients with HF.

Methods

In this secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study, data on physical HF symptoms (Symptom Status Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and general QOL (European Quality of Scale-Visual Analog Scale) were collected. We identified clusters based on the physical HF symptoms and depressive symptoms using 2-step and k-means cluster analysis methods.

Results

Chest pain was removed from the model because of the low importance value. Two clusters were revealed (cluster 1, severe symptom cluster, vs cluster 2, less severe symptom cluster) based on the 7 symptoms. In cluster 1, all of the 7 symptoms were more severe, and QOL was poorer than those in cluster 2 (all Ps < .001). All the mean and median scores of the 7 symptoms in cluster 1 were higher than those in cluster 2.

Conclusions

Patients with HF were clearly divided into 2 clusters based on physical HF symptoms and depressive symptoms, which were associated with QOL. Clinicians should assess these symptoms to improve patient outcomes.
Depression, Anxiety, and Resilience
Authors: Kutcher Anna M. , Byon Ha Do , Esquivel Jill Howie
Published: October 2023

Background

Engaging in self-care behaviors improves outcomes in patients with heart failure. Identifying psychological factors that affect self-care behaviors and the role of resilience may inform interventions that improve outcomes.

Objectives

The study objective was to determine the relationships among depression, anxiety, resilience, and self-care, including whether resilience mediates or moderates the effects of depression and anxiety on self-care.

Methods

Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to estimate the relationships of depression, anxiety, and resilience with self-care behaviors. Mediating and moderating effects of resilience on the relationships of depression and anxiety with self-care were evaluated using multiple linear regression.

Results

Depression and anxiety were associated with lower self-care. Higher resilience was associated with lower depression and anxiety, but resilience did not mediate or moderate the relationship of depression and anxiety with self-care.

Conclusions

Interventions that foster resilience may improve outcomes by reducing anxiety and depression in patients with heart failure.
Applying the Urgent Maternal Warning Signs Initiative in a Novel Setting
Authors: Jenkins Katherine , Quarshie Evelyn , Phommasathit Crystal , Menegay Michelle , Lorenz Allison , Schneider Patrick , Oza-Frank Reena , Haviland Breanne , Kristofzski-Raizor Heather , Gogan Turner Dyane
Published: October 2023

Symptoms of urgent maternal warning signs (UMWS) may occur during pregnancy or after delivery and may have lasting effects or indicate a life-threatening situation if left untreated. The state department of health sponsored a quality improvement project (QIP) to broaden the reach of UMWS education beyond traditional clinical settings, to public health settings where prenatal and postpartum women are seen. Specifically, the QIP implemented process changes to provide education (written and verbal) and resources to individuals receiving services from Women, Infants, and Children clinics during pregnancy and up to 12 weeks postpartum. Clinics submitted participant-level data although the Research Electronic Data Capture secure data portal. The key results indicated an increase in both written and verbal education. In addition, the project monitored referrals made specific to conditions identified through project-specific data collection and the provision of UMWS education.
Assessing the Reconceptualization of Pain in Graduate-Entry Physiotherapy Students Using the Concept of Pain Inventory for Adults: The University of Technology Sydney Physiotherapy Student Surveys Project
Authors: Pate Joshua W. , Ilhan Emre , Rush Gillian Q. , Kennedy David S. , Verhagen Arianne , Pacey Verity , Stubbs Peter W.
Published: October 2023

Introduction.

Validly and reliably assessing conceptual change is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of pain science education for physiotherapy students. We aimed to 1) evaluate concept of pain before and after a 14-week pain science education university subject, 2) assess structural validity of the Concept of Pain Inventory for Adults (COPI-Adult) in postgraduate entry-level physiotherapy students, and 3) explore possible relationships between baseline variables and baseline COPI-Adult scores.

Review of Literature.

As the COPI-Adult is a newly developed questionnaire, there is a lack of data regarding its psychometric properties.

Subjects.

Of 129 enrolled students at an Australian university, 124 (96%) and 114 (88%) completed the baseline and follow-up questionnaires, respectively.

Methods.

In this prospective cohort study, students who commenced the degree in 2020 or 2021 completed online questionnaires, including the COPI-Adult, at the start and end of their first semester. This semester included a 14-week pain science education subject and other physiotherapy-related subjects. Higher COPI-Adult scores (range = 0–52) indicate better alignment with contemporary pain science. We 1) compared differences in concept of pain before and after the semester, 2) performed a confirmatory factor analysis on the COPI-Adult, and 3) performed exploratory regression analyses.

Results.

Concept of Pain Inventory for Adults scores increased from baseline (median [interquartile range]: 39 [36–44]) to follow-up (48 [44–51]). The COPI-Adult retained its 1-factor structure, with acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80). Exploratory analysis showed that previously completing a subject on pain was related to higher COPI-Adult baseline scores. Age, gender, and mental health diagnosis did not relate to baseline COPI-Adult scores.

Discussion and Conclusion.

Following a 14-week pain science education subject embedded within a physiotherapy degree, students improved their concept of pain. The COPI-Adult maintains a 1-factor structure in this population. Completing a previous subject on pain was associated with higher COPI-Adult scores.
Challenges of Nutrition Support in Pediatric Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Zivick Elizabeth , Kilgallon Kevin , Cheifetz Ira M.
Published: October 2023

Nutrition support in critically ill infants and children remains an integral part of providing optimal care for these patients. The pediatric patient requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy faces specific challenges to the provision of suitable nutrition support. In this review, we aimed to summarize the existing literature around some of the more challenging aspects of delivering appropriate nutrition to children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Carboxyhemoglobin and Methemoglobin Levels and Hemolysis in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Yoshida Tsubasa , Sakura Takanobu , Shimizu Kazuyoshi , Kimura Satoshi , Iwasaki Tatsuo , Kanazawa Tomoyuki , Morimatsu Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

Hemolysis is a complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) were suggested as potential hemolysis biomarkers. This retrospective study was based on a prospective registry aimed to determine the association of COHb and MetHb levels with hemolysis in pediatric patients <4 years old who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB. Plasma-free hemoglobin (PFH), COHb, and MetHb levels were measured before CPB; every 30 minutes during CPB; and on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. Patients were classified into hemolysis and nonhemolysis groups based on the maximum PFH levels during CPB. A total of 193 patients were included. No significant difference was observed in the maximum COHb levels during CPB (COHbCPB) between the hemolysis and nonhemolysis groups (1.2% [interquartile range {IQR} 0.9–1.4%] vs. 1.1% [IQR: 0.9–1.4%]; p = 0.17). The maximum MetHb levels during CPB (MetHbCPB) were significantly higher in the hemolysis group than in the nonhemolysis group (1.3% [IQR: 1.1–1.5%] vs. 1.2% [IQR: 1.0–1.4%]; p = 0.007). Areas under the receiver operating curves of COHbCPB and MetHbCPB were 0.557 (95% confidence interval: 0.475–0.640) and 0.615 (95% confidence interval: 0.535–0.695), respectively. Therefore, the predictive ability of both hemolysis biomarkers during CPB is limited.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Use in Minorities: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa M. , Meece Lauren E. , Guo Yi , Jeng Eric I. , Parker Alex M. , Vilaro Juan R. , Al-Ani Mohammad A. , Aranda Juan M.
Published: October 2023

Minorities are less likely to receive a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This, however, is based on total implant data. By examining rates of LVAD implant among patients admitted with heart failure complicated by cardiogenic shock, we sought to further elucidate LVAD utilization rates and racial disparities. Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from 2013 to 2019, all patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of heart failure complicated by cardiogenic shock were included for analysis. Those who then received an LVAD during that hospitalization defined the LVAD utilization which was examined for any racial disparities. Left ventricular assist device utilization was low across all racial groups with no significant difference noted in univariate analysis. Non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest length of stay (LOS), the highest proportion of discharge to home (71.52%), and the lowest inpatient mortality (6.33%). Multivariable modeling confirmed the relationship between race and LOS; however, no differences were noted in mortality. Non-Hispanic Blacks were found to be less likely to receive an LVAD; however, when controlling for payer, median household income, and comorbidities, this relationship was no longer seen. Left ventricular assist devices remain an underutilized therapy in cardiogenic shock. When using a multivariable model, race does not appear to affect LVAD utilization.
Olfactory Reference Syndrome
Authors: Tada Koji
Published: October 2023

Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is known to have the clinical features of both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, there has been no clear explanation as to why ORS has the characteristics of two different disorders. In the present study, the comorbidity rates of ORS in patients with SAD (without OCD, n = 83), ORS in patients with OCD (without SAD, n = 42), and patients with SAD and OCD comorbidity (n = 17) were compared. Of all 142 patients studied, 11 were diagnosed with ORS. The comorbidity rate of ORS in comorbid SAD/OCD group was significantly higher than those in both SAD and OCD groups. Logistic regression analysis of 100 cases of SAD and selected 69 cases of generalized SAD showed that the risk of ORS was significantly higher in patients with OCD and bulimia nervosa. Of 59 cases with OCD, the risk of ORS was significantly higher in patients with SAD. The results of the present study suggest that the comorbidity of SAD and OCD most likely explains the development of ORS.
Building a Business Technology Foundation to Elevate the Future of a System Nursing Education and Professional Development Department
Authors: Jensen Lillian M. , Bickett Amy J. , Zidek Stephanie
Published: October 2023

Nursing professional development practitioners must be competent in business software applications to work at the top of their scope. However, there are no software application standards, resulting in a lack of clarity about competence. Individuals may believe they are well versed in an application, fail to seek education, and miss essential features. Nursing professional development practitioners can elevate their technological literacy significantly through a targeted technology self-assessment and peer-taught live course series.
Treatment of primary cancer in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Lim Kylie Y.-Y. , Alberto Matthew , Ranasinghe Weranja
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review

Recently, there has been emerging interest in the treatment of primary tumours in metastatic prostate cancer based on major trials that have provided evidence for radiation therapy and cytoreductive radical prostatectomy. Preclinical studies have further established the molecular features of metastatic disease that provide a rationale for primary treatment.

Recent findings

Several randomised controlled trials and other prospective studies have demonstrated a benefit in overall survival, predominantly in low-volume disease. Advancements in precision medicine also offer insight into improving selection, staging and monitoring.

In this review, the authors highlight and review recent data on emerging and established treatment options and shift towards personalised medicine for hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer.
Balance and Gait
Authors: Conceição Aline S.G.G. , Sant´Ana Lívea F.G. , Mattar Guilherme P. , de Fátima R. Silva Maria , Ramos Andressa R. , Oliveira Alexandra M. , Carvalho Claudia L. , Gonçalves Octavio R. , Varotto Bruna L.R. , Martinez Luana D. , Leduc Vinícius , Fonseca Luciana M. , Forlenza Orestes V.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Atypical aging in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with neuropathological characteristics consistent with Alzheimer disease. Gait abnormalities have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of dementia for the general population. The aim of this study was to determine whether gait disorders are associated with worse cognitive performance and dementia in adults with DS.

Methods:

We evaluated 66 individuals with DS (≥20 y of age), divided into 3 groups: stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and dementia (presumed Alzheimer disease). Each individual was evaluated with the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), Timed Up and Go test, and Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS), in addition to a comprehensive clinical protocol to ascertain the occurrence of medical or psychiatric comorbidities.

Results:

The score on the POMA-Gait subscale score and body mass index were found to be independent predictors of prodromal dementia and dementia (P<0.001 for both). With the exception of perception, all cognitive domains correlated with the POMA-Total score (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

A lower POMA-Gait score increases the chance of prodromal dementia and dementia in adults with DS. Unlike other research, in this study higher body mass index was also found to increase the chance of prodromal dementia and dementia. In those individuals, applying the POMA could facilitate the early diagnosis of dementia, help identify fall risks, and promote the adoption of geriatric interventions focused on improving functional mobility.
Rapid and reversible humidity-dependent colour change by water film formation in a scaled springtail
Authors: Vanthournout Bram , Janssens Frans , Debruyn Gerben , Mertens Johan , Clerck Karen De , D’Alba Liliana , Shawkey Matthew
Published: October 2023

Colour is often not a static trait but can change over time either through biotic or abiotic factors. Humidity-dependent colour change can occur through either morphological change (e.g. to feather barbules in birds) or by the replacement of air by water causing a shift in refractive index, as seen in arthropod multi-layer cuticles or scales. The scaled springtail
Lepidocyrtus cyaneus
has scales that produce colour largely via thin film interference from their lamina. We observed a marked colour change from golden to violet/purple coloration in humid conditions. Light microscopy, micro-spectrophotometry, contact angle goniometry and optical modelling indicate that the formation of a thin film of water on top of the hydrophilic scales increases their laminar thin film thickness, causing a shift towards violet/purple colour. Evaporation of the water film causes the metallic golden colour to return. This constitutes a remarkably rapid colour change (in the order of seconds), only limited by the speed of water film condensation and evaporation, that may serve as inspiration for new dynamically coloured materials and sensors.
Bathymetric evolution of black corals through deep time
Authors: Horowitz Jeremy , Quattrini Andrea M. , Brugler Mercer R. , Miller David J. , Pahang Kristina , Bridge Tom C. L. , Cowman Peter F.
Published: October 2023

Deep-sea lineages are generally thought to arise from shallow-water ancestors, but this hypothesis is based on a relatively small number of taxonomic groups. Anthozoans, which include corals and sea anemones, are significant contributors to the faunal diversity of the deep sea, but the timing and mechanisms of their invasion into this biome remain elusive. Here, we reconstruct a fully resolved, time-calibrated phylogeny of 83 species in the order Antipatharia (black coral) to investigate their bathymetric evolutionary history. Our reconstruction indicates that extant black coral lineages first diversified in continental slope depths (∼250–3000 m) during the early Silurian (∼437 millions of years ago (Ma)) and subsequently radiated into, and diversified within, both continental shelf (less than 250 m) and abyssal (greater than 3000 m) habitats. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis suggests that the appearance of morphological features that enhanced the ability of black corals to acquire nutrients coincided with their invasion of novel depths. Our findings have important conservation implications for anthozoan lineages, as the loss of ‘source’ slope lineages could threaten millions of years of evolutionary history and confound future invasion events, thereby warranting protection.
Dominance of photo over chromatic acclimation strategies by habitat-forming mesophotic red algae
Authors: Voerman Sofie E. , Marsh Beauregard C. , Bahia Ricardo G. , Pereira-Filho Guilherme H. , Becker Ana Clara F. , Amado-Filho Gilberto M. , Ruseckas Arvydas , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Burdett Heidi L.
Published: October 2023

Red coralline algae are the deepest living macroalgae, capable of creating spatially complex reefs from the intertidal to 100+ m depth with global ecological and biogeochemical significance. How these algae maintain photosynthetic function under increasingly limiting light intensity and spectral availability is key to explaining their large depth distribution. Here, we investigated the photo- and chromatic acclimation and morphological change of free-living red coralline algae towards mesophotic depths in the Fernando do Noronha archipelago, Brazil. From 13 to 86 m depth, thalli tended to become smaller and less complex. We observed a dominance of the photo-acclimatory response, characterized by an increase in photosynthetic efficiency and a decrease in maximum electron transport rate. Chromatic acclimation was generally stable across the euphotic-mesophotic transition with no clear depth trend. Taxonomic comparisons suggest these photosynthetic strategies are conserved to at least the Order level. Light saturation necessitated the use of photoprotection to 65 m depth, while optimal light levels were met at 86 m. Changes to the light environment (e.g. reduced water clarity) due to human activities therefore places these mesophotic algae at risk of light limitation, necessitating the importance of maintaining good water quality for the conservation and protection of mesophotic habitats.
Trophic distribution of nutrient production in coral reef fisheries
Authors: Robinson James P. W. , Darling Emily S. , Maire Eva , Hamilton Mark , Hicks Christina C. , Jupiter Stacy D. , Aaron MacNeil M. , Mangubhai Sangeeta , McClanahan Tim , Nand Yashika , Graham Nicholas A. J.
Published: October 2023

Coral reef fisheries supply nutritious catch to tropical coastal communities, where the quality of reef seafood is determined by both the rate of biomass production and nutritional value of reef fishes. Yet our understanding of reef fisheries typically uses targets of total reef fish biomass rather than individual growth (i.e. biomass production) and nutrient content (i.e. nutritional value of reef fish), limiting the ability of management to sustain the productivity of nutritious catches. Here, we use modelled growth coefficients and nutrient concentrations to develop a new metric of nutrient productivity of coral reef fishes. We then evaluate this metric with underwater visual surveys of reef fish assemblages from four tropical countries to examine nutrient productivity of reef fish food webs. Species' growth coefficients were associated with nutrients that vary with body size (calcium, iron, selenium and zinc), but not total nutrient density. When integrated with fish abundance data, we find that herbivorous species typically dominate standing biomass, biomass turnover and nutrient production on coral reefs. Such bottom-heavy trophic distributions of nutrients were consistent across gradients of fishing pressure and benthic composition. We conclude that management restrictions that promote sustainability of herbivores and other low trophic-level species can sustain biomass and nutrient production from reef fisheries that is critical to the food security of over 500 million people in the tropics.
When less is more: coy display behaviours and the temporal dynamics of animal courtship
Authors: MacGillavry Thomas , Spezie Giovanni , Fusani Leonida
Published: October 2023

Sexual selection research has been dominated by the notion that mate choice selects for the most vigorous displays that best reflect the quality of the courter. However, courtship displays are often temporally structured, containing different elements with varying degrees of intensity and conspicuousness. For example, highly intense movements are often coupled with more subtle components such as static postures or hiding displays. Here, we refer to such subtle display traits as ‘coy’, as they involve the withholding of information about maximal display capabilities. We examine the role of intensity variation within temporally dynamic displays, and discuss three hypotheses for the evolution of coy courtship behaviours. We first review the threat reduction hypothesis, which points to sexual coercion and sexual autonomy as important facets of sexual selection. We then suggest that variation in display magnitude exploits pre-existing perceptual biases for temporal contrast. Lastly, we propose that information withholding may leverage receivers' predispositions for filling gaps in information—the ‘curiosity bias’. Overall, our goal is to draw attention to temporal variation in display magnitude, and to advocate possible scenarios for the evolution of courtship traits that regularly occur below performance maxima. Throughout, we highlight novel directions for empirical and theoretical investigations.
Gracilibacillus salinarum sp. nov. and Gracilibacillus caseinilyticus sp. nov., halotolerant bacteria isolated from a saltern environment
Authors: Subramanian Parthiban , Kim Yiseul , Naito Hanako , Asano Tomomi , Hamada Moriyuki , Weon Hang-Yeon , Kwon Soon-Wo , Heo Jun
Published: October 2023

Two aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming motile bacterial strains, designated SSPM10-3T and SSWR10-1T, were isolated from salterns in Jeollanam province of South Korea. Both strains were halotolerant and grew well in 5 % NaCl but not in 20 and 25% NaCl, respectively. Optimal growth was observed with 5 % NaCl, at 30 °C and at pH 7.0–8.0. On the basis of the results of phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence, both the strains were placed within the genus

Gracilibacillus

with

Gracilibacillus massiliensis

(98.65 % similarity) as their nearest neighbour. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) (97 %) was the major isoprenoid quinone in both strains and major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. Orthologous average nucleotide identity with usearch (OrthoANIu) and digital DNA–DNA hybridisation (dDDH) percentage comparison indicated that SSPM10-3T and SSWR10-1T exhibited highest similarity with

G. massiliensis

Awa-1T at 74.27 % and 21.0 and 74.23 % and 20.0 %, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of the strains were 39.1 % (SSPM10-3T) and 38.5 % (SSWR10-1T). Members of the genus

Gracilibacillus

, both strains were distinct from each other with respect to their ability to produce urease, β-glucosidase, assimilation of inulin and methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside and degradation of casein. Compared with each other, ANI and d4 dDDH calculations were only 88.2 % and 36.3 %, well below the cut-off values for species delineation for each index. On the basis of their phenotypic, physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic characteristics,SSPM10-3T and SSWR10-1T represent distinct novel species for which names Gracilibacillus salinarum SSPM10-3T and Gracilibacillus caseinilyticus SSWR10-1T are proposed. The type strains are SSPM10-3T (=KACC 21933T =NBRC 115502T) and SSWR10-1T (=KACC 21934T =NBRC 115503T).
An autophagy adaptor TRIAD3A promotes tau fibrillation by phase separation
Authors: Zhou Jiechao , Chuang Yang ‘an , Redding-Ochoa Javier , Platero Alexander J. , Barrett Alexander H. , Troncoso Juan C. , Worley Paul F. , Zhang Wenchi
Published: October 2023

Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by aberrant proteinaceous accumulations of tau. Here, we report an RBR-type E3 ligase TRIAD3A functions as a novel autophagy adaptor for tau.TRIAD3A(RNF216) is an essential gene with mutations causing ageprogressive neurodegeneration. Our studies reveal that TRIAD3A E3 ligase catalyzes a novel mixed K11/K63 polyubiquitin chain and self assembles into liquid-liquid phase separated (LLPS) droplets. Tau is ubiquitinated and accumulates within TRIAD3A LLPS droplets and via LC3 interacting regions targets tau for autophagic degradation. Unexpectedly, tau sequestered within TRIAD3A droplets rapidly converts to amyloid aggregates without the transitional liquid phase of tau. In vivo studies reveal TRIAD3A decreases the accumulation of phosphorylated tau in a tauopathy mouse model, and disease-associated mutation of TRIAD3A increases accumulation of phosphorylated tau, exacerbates gliosis, and increases pathological tau spreading. In human Alzheimer’s disease brain, TRIAD3A colocalizes with tau amyloid in multiple histological forms suggesting a role in tau homeostasis. TRIAD3A is the first autophagic adaptor that utilizes E3-ligase and LLPS as a mechanism to capture cargo and appears especially relevant to neurodegenerative diseases.
Human proton channels accumulate in cholesterol dependent membrane domains via direct interaction with stomatin
Authors: Ayuyan Artem G. , Cherny Vladimir V. , Chaves Gustavo , Musset Boris , Cohen Fredric S. , DeCoursey Thomas E.
Published: October 2023

Many membrane proteins are modulated by cholesterol. Here we report strong effects of cholesterol depletion and restoration on the human voltage gated proton channel, hHV1 in excised patches but negligible effects in whole-cell configuration. Despite the presence of a putative cholesterol binding site, a CARC domain in the human voltage gated proton channel, hHV1, mutation of this domain did not affect cholesterol effects. The murine HV1 lacks a CARC sequence but displays similar cholesterol effects. These three results all argue against a direct effect of cholesterol on HV1. We propose that the data are explainable if HV1 preferentially associates with cholesterol-dependent lipid domains, or “rafts.” The rafts would be expected to concentrate in the membrane/glass interface and to be depleted from the electrically-accessible patch membrane. This idea is supported by evidence that HV1 channels can diffuse between seal and patch membranes when suction is applied. Suction pulls membrane constituents including HV1 into the patch. In whole-cell studies moderate osmotic stretch does not noticeably alter H+currents. Simultaneous truncation of the large intracellular N- and C-termini greatly attenuated the cholesterol effect, but C-truncation only did not. We conclude that the N-terminus is the region of attachment to lipid domains. Searching for abundant raft-associated molecules led to stomatin. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that hHV1 binds to stomatin. The stomatin-mediated association of HV1 with cholesterol-dependent lipid domains provides a mechanism for cells to direct HV1 to subcellular location where it is needed, such as the phagosome in leukocytes.

Significance

Many membrane proteins are modulated by cholesterol. Here we explore effects of cholesterol on the human voltage-gated proton channel, hHV1. Although we find little evidence for a direct effect, cholesterol was found to exert a strong influence over H+current in excised membrane patches. These effects are explainable by hypothesizing that HV1 preferentially associates with cholesterol-dependent membrane lipid domains. We postulate that HV1 diffuses within the membrane and is concentrated in such domains that are anchored to the pipette glass by large membrane proteins. We find that HV1 co-immunoprecipitates with stomatin, a typical component of cholesterol dependent lipid domains. The association of HV1 with lipid domains provides a mechanism for directing HV1 to specific subcellular locations to perform specific functions.