bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Intramolecular Allyl Transfer from Allyl Carbamate Accompanied by 5‐endo‐Trig Ring Closure.
Authors: Karjalainen Oskari K. , Nieger Martin , Koskinen Ari M. P.
Published: July 2013

Knoevenagel condensation of substrates (I) or (IX) with aromatic aldehydes followed by diastereoselective cyclization yields an unseparable mixture of highly functionalized pyrrolidin‐3‐ones in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3 Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles and 2‐Pyrones.
Authors: Mahato Sanjit K. , Vinayagam Jayaraman , Dey Sumit , Timiri Ajay K. , Chatterjee Sourav , Jaisankar Parasuraman
Published: July 2013

Tetrasubstituted pyrroles (III) are prepared from 1,4‐enediones (I) and β‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) employing ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source, through a combination of Michael addition and Paal—Knorr cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Construction of Hexahydropyrroloindole by Means of α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes Leading to the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Gliocladin C.
Authors: Song Jin , Guo Chang , Adele Arafate , Yin Hao , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: July 2013

This method uses a chiral primary amine and a chiral phosphoric acid as an organocatalytic system to yield the products (III) with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Cyclization of N,N‐Disubstituted Hydrazones Through C(sp3)—H Functionalization.
Authors: Zhang Guangwu , Zhao Yan , Ge Haibo
Published: July 2013

A convenient oxidation/cyclization/aromatization sequence is presented for the conversion of a broad spectrum of hydrazones into pyrazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Various Saturated and Unsaturated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors by Triflic Anhydride Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Zhang Jun , Fu Jun , Su Xiaolong , Wang Xiao , Song Shangfei , Shi Min
Published: July 2013

A facile and versatile method for the synthesis of the title N‐heterocyclic carbenes including ones which are not accessible by using previously published methods, e.g. (XIII), is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2‐Aminoazole Derivatives.
Authors: Yotphan Sirilata , Beukeaw Danupat , Reutrakul Vichai
Published: July 2013

An efficient protocol for the oxidative coupling of azole derivatives at C‐2 with different primary and secondary amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Novel Spiro‐Isoxazolidines via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Shah Sakshi , Badru Rahul , Singh Baldev
Published: July 2013

A facile, efficient, and catalyst‐free method for the synthesis of the title compounds as one endo‐diastereoisomer is presented from very stable N‐oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling of Thiomethyl‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzothiazoles with Secondary Alkyl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Ghaderi Arash , Iwasaki Takanori , Fukuoka Asuka , Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: July 2013

Thiazoles (VI) and (VII) fail to react.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Halogenated 2‐Vinylchroman‐4‐ones and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Erben Friedrich , Wurster Martina , Lalk Michael , Lindequist Ulrike , Sonneck Marcel , Konya Krisztina , Patonay Tamas , Langer Peter
Published: July 2013

Six title compounds of type (III) or (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted N‐Hydroxy Piperidine via Intramolecular Reductive Cyclization of 1‐Keto‐5‐ketoxime.
Authors: Nagaraj Muthupandi , Boominathan Muthusamy , Manikannan Ramaiyan , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: July 2013

Title compounds (III) are synthesized each as racemate of a single diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Formal Aza‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Enones with Cyclic Imines Catalyzed by Primary Aminothioureas.
Authors: Lalonde Mathieu P. , McGowan Meredeth A. , Rajapaksa Naomi S. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: July 2013

A wide range of indolo‐ and benzoquinolizidine derivatives is prepared in high yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds with Dihydropyrano[3,4‐b]pyridine Scaffold.
Authors: Pacquelet Sandrine , Blache Yves , Kimny Tan , Lacaille Dubois Marie‐Aleth , Desbois Nicolas
Published: July 2013

Formation of new synthesized compounds is achieved by a Polonovski rearrangement of N‐oxide derivatives followed by a Williamson′s ether synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Tetracyclic Benzo‐pyridonaphthyridines by Domino Reaction.
Authors: Basetti Vishnu , Pallepati Rangarao , Hosahalli Subramanya , Potluri Vijay
Published: July 2013

The three‐step synthesis of title compounds (VI), which represent alkaloid skeletons, is based on the acid‐mediated cyclization of key precursors (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Selective Synthesis of β‐Isothiocyanato Ketones Through a Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Reaction of β‐Azido Ketones.
Authors: Fesenko Anastasia A. , Dem'yachenko Ekaterina A. , Fedorova Galina A. , Shutalev Anatoly D.
Published: July 2013

Three β‐isothiocyanato ketones (III) are synthesized by reaction of β‐azido ketones and CS2.
ChemInform Abstract: A Route to Azafluoranthene Natural Products Through Direct Arylation.
Authors: Ponnala Shashikanth , Harding Wayne W.
Published: July 2013

Azafluoranthenes are easily accessed in three high‐yielding steps from the readily available starting materials with the microwave‐assisted direct arylation key step and deprotection/oxidation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Padanamides A and B.
Authors: Xu Zhengshuang , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

The total synthesis of padanamide A (Ia) and B (Ib) is accomplished in 7.1% and 8.3% overall yield, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Transmetalation Route for Colloidal GaAs Nanocrystals and Additional III—V Semiconductor Materials.
Authors: Lauth Jannika , Strupeit Tim , Kornowski Andreas , Weller Horst
Published: July 2013

GaAs nanocrystals with narrow size distribution and high crystallinity are synthesized by addition of n‐butyllithium in hexane to a mixture of GaCl3 and Mg3As2 using tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide as stabilizing agent and 1‐octadecene as solvent (N2, 315 °C, 90 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Adsorption, Intrusion and Freezing in Porous Silica: The View from the Nanoscale
Authors: Coasne Benoit , Galarneau Anne , Pellenq Roland J. M. , Di Renzo Francesco
Published: July 2013

Review: molecular simulation and theory and freezing in porous silica; 271 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bartlett′s Discovery of Noble Gas Fluorides, a Milestone in Chemical History
Authors: Christe Karl O.
Published: July 2013

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Werner Coordination Chemistry and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Telpoukhovskaia Maria A. , Orvig Chris
Published: July 2013

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphines and Diphosphines
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Xumu
Published: July 2013

Review: 232 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: AApeptides as a New Class of Peptidomimetics to Regulate Protein—Protein Interactions
Authors: Niu Youhong , Hu Yaogang , Wang Rongsheng E. , Li Xiaolong , Wu Haifan , Chen Jiandong , Cai Jianfeng
Published: July 2013

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multienzyme Reactions
Authors: Sanchez‐Moreno I. , Oroz‐Guinea I. , Iturrate L. , Garcia‐Junceda E.
Published: July 2013

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation: Oxidases
Authors: Turner N. J.
Published: July 2013

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Utilization of Carbon Dioxide: Actual Status and Perspectives
Authors: Boddien Albert , Gaertner Felix , Federsel Christopher , Piras Irene , Junge Henrik , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: July 2013

Review: 265 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicateins — A Novel Paradigm in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Enzymatic Synthesis of Inorganic Polymeric Silica
Authors: Mueller Werner E. G. , Schroeder Heinz C. , Burghard Zaklina , Pisignano Dario , Wang Xiaohong
Published: July 2013

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Introduction to Food Biochemistry
Authors: Yada Rickey Y. , Bryksa Brian , Nip Wai‐kit
Published: July 2013

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of the Medical Periodic Table: Towards New Targets
Authors: Barry Nicolas P. E. , Sadler Peter J.
Published: July 2013

Review: recent progress in identifying new target sites in metallodrugs and elucidating the mechanisms of action of anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, and antineurodegenerative agents, as well as in the design of metal‐based diagonistic agents; 411 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Powering the Future of Molecular Artificial Photosynthesis with Light‐Harvesting Metallosupramolecular Dye Assemblies
Authors: Frischmann Peter D. , Mahata Kingsuk , Wuerthner Frank
Published: July 2013

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Annex: Synthesis of Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Toprak Muhammet S. , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A. , Kessler Vadim G.
Published: July 2013

Review: 93 refs.
The association between C‐reactive protein (CRP) level and biochemical failure‐free survival in patients after radiation therapy for nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Hall William A. , Nickleach Dana C. , Master Viraj A. , Prabhu Roshan S. , Rossi Peter J. , Godette Karen , Cooper Sherri , Jani Ashesh B.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with outcomes in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Associations between prostate adenocarcinoma‐specific endpoints and CRP in patients who are treated for localized disease remain unknown.

METHODS

In total, 206 patients who received radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate had at least 1 CRP measured in follow‐up and were analyzed. The primary outcome was biochemical failure‐free survival. In addition, associations were examined between CRP and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA).

RESULTS

On univariate analysis, higher CRP levels were associated significantly with shorter biochemical failure‐free survival for patients who received radiation therapy after undergoing radical prostatectomy. For patients who were managed with definitive radiation therapy alone, higher CRP levels also were associated significantly with shorter biochemical failure‐free survival on univariate and multivariable analyses (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐3.47; P = .009). In addition, CRP levels were associated significantly with PSA after radical prostatectomy for patients who had Gleason scores ≥8 (P = .037), for high‐risk patients (P = .008), and for those with pretreatment PSA levels >20 ng/mL (P = .05). In patients who received definitive radiation therapy, CRP levels also were associated with PSA both for those with pretreatment PSA levels >20 ng/mL (P < .001), and for the intermediate‐risk (P = .029) and high‐risk (P = .009) subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS

A higher CRP level was associated with shorter biochemical failure‐free survival on univariate and multivariable analyses in patients who received definitive radiation therapy. CRP was also associated with PSA in exploratory subgroups. These findings warrant further exploration in a prospectively enrolled patient cohort. Cancer 2013;119:3272–9. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of language‐related Cntnap2 protein in neural circuits critical for vocal learning
Authors: Condro Michael C. , White Stephanie A.
Published: July 2013

Variants of the contactin associated protein‐like 2 (Cntnap2) gene are risk factors for language‐related disorders including autism spectrum disorder, specific language impairment, and stuttering. Songbirds are useful models for study of human speech disorders due to their shared capacity for vocal learning, which relies on similar cortico‐basal ganglia circuitry and genetic factors. Here we investigate Cntnap2 protein expression in the brain of the zebra finch, a songbird species in which males, but not females, learn their courtship songs. We hypothesize that Cntnap2 has overlapping functions in vocal learning species, and expect to find protein expression in song‐related areas of the zebra finch brain. We further expect that the distribution of this membrane‐bound protein may not completely mirror its mRNA distribution due to the distinct subcellular localization of the two molecular species. We find that Cntnap2 protein is enriched in several song control regions relative to surrounding tissues, particularly within the adult male, but not female, robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), a cortical song control region analogous to human layer 5 primary motor cortex. The onset of this sexually dimorphic expression coincides with the onset of sensorimotor learning in developing males. Enrichment in male RA appears due to expression in projection neurons within the nucleus, as well as to additional expression in nerve terminals of cortical projections to RA from the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the nidopallium. Cntnap2 protein expression in zebra finch brain supports the hypothesis that this molecule affects neural connectivity critical for vocal learning across taxonomic classes. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:169–185, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IB4‐binding sensory neurons in the adult rat express a novel 3′ UTR‐extended isoform of CaMK4 that is associated with its localization to axons
Authors: Harrison Benjamin J. , Flight Robert M. , Gomes Cynthia , Venkat Gayathri , Ellis Steven R. , Sankar Uma , Twiss Jeffery L. , Rouchka Eric C. , Petruska Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2013

Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase 4 (gene and transcript: CaMK4; protein: CaMKIV) is the nuclear effector of the Ca2+/calmodulin kinase (CaMK) pathway where it coordinates transcriptional responses. However, CaMKIV is present in the cytoplasm and axons of subpopulations of neurons, including some sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), suggesting an extranuclear role for this protein. We observed that CaMKIV was expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and axons of a subpopulation of small‐diameter DRG neurons, most likely cutaneous nociceptors by virtue of their binding the isolectin IB4. In IB4+ spinal nerve axons, 20% of CaMKIV was colocalized with the endocytic marker Rab7 in axons that highly expressed CAM‐kinase‐kinase (CAMKK), an upstream activator of CaMKIV, suggesting a role for CaMKIV in signaling though signaling endosomes. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with riboprobes, we also observed that small‐diameter neurons expressed high levels of a novel 3′ untranslated region (UTR) variant of CaMK4 mRNA. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with gene‐specific primers, and cDNA sequencing analyses we determined that the novel transcript contains an additional 10 kb beyond the annotated gene terminus to a highly conserved alternate polyadenylation site. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses of fluorescent‐activated cell sorted (FACS) DRG neurons confirmed that this 3′‐UTR‐extended variant was preferentially expressed in IB4‐binding neurons. Computational analyses of the 3′‐UTR sequence predict that UTR‐extension introduces consensus sites for RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) including the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)/Hu family proteins. We consider the possible implications of axonal CaMKIV in the context of the unique properties of IB4‐binding DRG neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:308–336, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estrogen receptor β expression in the mouse forebrain: Age and sex differences
Authors: Zuloaga Damian G. , Zuloaga Kristen L. , Hinds Laura R. , Carbone David L. , Handa Robert J.
Published: July 2013

Estrogen receptors regulate multiple brain functions, including stress, sexual, and memory‐associated behaviors as well as controlling neuroendocrine and autonomic function. During development, estrogen signaling is involved in programming adult sex differences in physiology and behavior. Expression of estrogen receptor α changes across development in a region‐specific fashion. By contrast, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in many brain regions, yet few studies have explored sex and developmental differences in its expression, largely because of the absence of selective reagents for anatomical localization of the protein. This study utilized bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing ERβ identified by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to compare expression levels and distribution of ERβ in the male and female mouse forebrain on the day of birth (P0), on postnatal day 4 (P4), and on P21. By using qualitative analysis, we mapped the distribution of ERβ‐EGFP and found developmental alterations in ERβ expression within the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamic regions including the arcuate, ventromedial, and paraventricular nuclei. We also report a sex difference in ERβ in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, with males showing greater expression at P4 and P21. Another sex difference was found in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of P21, but not P0 or P4, mice, in which ERβ‐EGFP‐immunoreactive cells were densely clustered near the third ventricle in females but not males. These developmental changes and sex differences in ERβ indicate a mechanism through which estrogens might differentially affect brain functions or program adult physiology at select times during development. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:358–371, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wrinkles as the Result of Compressive Stresses in an Annular Thin Film
Authors: Bella Peter , Kohn Robert V.
Published: July 2013

It is well‐known that an elastic sheet loaded in tension will wrinkle and that the length scale of the wrinkles tends to 0 with vanishing thickness of the sheet [Cerda and Mahadevan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 074302 (2003)]. We give the first mathematically rigorous analysis of such a problem. Since our methods require an explicit understanding of the underlying (convex) relaxed problem, we focus on the wrinkling of an annular sheet loaded in the radial direction [Davidovitch et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 (2011), 18227]. Our main achievement is identification of the scaling law of the minimum energy as the thickness of the sheet tends to 0. This requires proving an upper bound and a lower bound that scale the same way. We prove both bounds first in a simplified Kirchhoff‐Love setting and then in the nonlinear three‐dimensional setting. To obtain the optimal upper bound, we need to adjust a naive construction (one family of wrinkles superimposed on a planar deformation) by introducing a cascade of wrinkles. The lower bound is more subtle, since it must be ansatz‐free. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Data Parallel density‐based genetic clustering on CUDA Architecture
Authors: Krömer Pavel , Platoš Jan , Snášel Václav
Published: July 2013

Evolutionary clustering algorithms have been proven as a good ability to find clusters in data. Among their advantages belong the abilities to adapt to data and to determine the number of clusters automatically, thus requiring less a priori assumptions about analyzed objects than traditional clustering methods. Unfortunately, such a clustering by genetic algorithms and evolutionary algorithms in general suffers from high computational costs when it comes to recurrent fitness function evaluation. Computing on graphic processing units (GPUs) is a recent programming and development paradigm bringing high performance parallel computing closer to general audience. Modern general purpose GPUs are composed of tens to thousands of computational cores that can execute programs in parallel using the single instruction multiple data parallel processing approach. General purpose GPU programs need to be designed and implemented in a data parallel way and with respect to the architecture of target devices to fully utilize their high performance. This study presents a design, implementation, and evaluation of a data parallel genetic algorithm for density‐based clustering. The algorithm was implemented and evaluated on the nVidia Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social rational secure multi‐party computation
Authors: Wang Yilei , Liu Zhe , Wang Hao , Xu Qiuliang
Published: July 2013

Rational party is a new kind of parties who behave neither like honest parties nor like malicious adversaries. The crux point of rational party is the definition of the utility function, as rational parties only care about how to maximize their utility. In other words, rational parties choose the strategies, which can bring them the highest utilities. In rational secure two‐party computation protocol, the main task is how to boost mutual cooperation to complete the protocol. Social rational secure multi‐party computation (SRSMPC) means that in a social network, some distributed and rational parties with reputation properties want to jointly compute a functionality. The seemingly simple task becomes tough under three conditions. The first condition is that the network composed by parties may not be complete. That is, two parties may not be neighbors and they are connected through other parties. The second is that the network may be not secure. That is, messages may be tempered by malicious parties. The third condition is that parties may run the protocol under incomplete information scenario. That is, parties may have types and each type has a corresponding utility function. Under the first and second conditions, parties need to consider how to securely transmit messages between two parties who are not neighbors. Under the third condition, we propose the Tit‐for‐Tat strategy and prove that mutual cooperation is a sequential equilibrium between two parties. In this paper, we construct an SRSMPC protocol by using mechanism design under incomplete information to facilitate the implementation of the SRSMPC protocol within constant rounds. Meanwhile, newcomers are allowed to participate in the protocol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first social rational secure computation protocol for multi‐party under an incomplete information scenario and an incomplete network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovative design methodologies in quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Agrawal Puneet , Ghosh Bahniman
Published: July 2013

Current transistor‐based IC fabrication technology faces many trivial issues such as those of excess power dissipation, expensive fabrication and short channel effects at very low device size [1]. Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA)‐based digital electronics on the other hand provide scope for further development in the future by shrinking the device size. Current QCA logic circuits are based on logic synthesis using Inverters and (three or five input) Majority Gates. In this paper, a new design methodology has been described that can be used to create circuits with even greater device substrate densities than what are currently achieved in existing QCA designs. Based on the proposed methodology, a new QCA inverter is proposed. It is further tested through simulations on QCA Designer. Through the simulations, it is subsequently proved to be much more reliable and robust than the presently used common QCA inverter(s). In the second section of this paper, simple QCA circuits such as ring oscillators using odd number of inverters in daisy chains are described and designed using the proposed inverter design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of perivascular mesenchymal stromal/stem cells by flow cytometry
Authors: Corselli Mirko , Crisan Mihaela , Murray Iain R. , West Christopher C. , Scholes Jessica , Codrea Felicia , Khan Nusrat , Péault Bruno
Published: July 2013

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent progenitors of great promise for cell therapy. MSCs can mediate tissue regeneration, immunomodulation, and hematopoiesis support. Despite the unique properties of MSCs and their broad range of potential clinical applications, the very nature of these cells has been uncertain. Furthermore, MSCs are heterogeneous and only defined subpopulations of these are endowed with the particular abilities to sustain hematopoietic stem cells, regulate immune responses, or differentiate into mesodermal cell lineages. It is becoming evident that current criteria used to define cultured polyclonal MSCs (expression of nonspecific markers and in vitro mesodermal differentiation) are not sufficient to fully understand and exploit the potential of these cells. Here, we describe how flow cytometry has been used to reveal a perivascular origin of MSCs. As a result, the prospective purification of MSCs and specialized subsets thereof is now possible, and the clinical use of purified autologous MSCs is now within reach. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Organoantimony(V) Phosphinates, Phosphonates, and Seleninates
Authors: Srungavruksham Nagarjuna Kumar , Baskar Viswanathan
Published: July 2013

The reaction of polymeric triphenylantimony oxide with various protic ligands like phenylphosphinic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, tert‐butylphosphonic acid, and phenylseleninic acid has been investigated. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural elucidation revealed the formation of [Ph3Sb(HPhPO2)2]2 (1), [Ph3Sb(Ph2PO2)2] (2), [Ph3Sb(tert‐BuPO3H)2] (3), [Ph3Sb(PhSeO2)2]2 (4), and [(Ph3Sb)2(μ‐O)(μ‐PhSeO2)2] (5), respectively. Hydrolysis and dearylation of 3 yielded [(Ph2Sb)2(PhSb)(μ3‐O)(μ2‐O)2(OH)2(μ‐tBuPO3)2{(C2H5)4N}2] (6) possessing in situ generated Ph2Sb(O)(OH) and PhSbO3H2 moieties. The 31P NMR spectrum of 1 shows P–H three‐bond coupling seen for the first time in organophosphorus‐based compounds. Further 31P NMR spectroscopy at lower temperatures revealed 1 to be a fluxional molecule. 77Se NMR spectroscopy indicates the formation of different molecular clusters from crystallization processes carried out under varying solvent conditions.
Single‐Composition Trichromatic White‐Emitting Ca9MgNa(PO4)7:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ Phosphors – Soft Chemical Synthesis, Luminescence, and Energy‐Transfer Properties
Authors: Zhang Yang , Geng Dongling , Shang Mengmeng , Wu Yuan , Li Xuejiao , Lian Hongzhou , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: July 2013

Ce3+‐, Tb3+‐, and Mn2+‐activated Ca9MgNa(PO4)7 (CMNP) phosphors have been prepared by a Pechini‐type sol–gel method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. The energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ in CMNP phosphors has been demonstrated to be a resonant type by a dipole–quadrupole mechanism, and the Ce3+ to Tb3+ critical distances (RC) calculated by the concentration‐quenching method and the spectral‐overlap method are 12.21 and 12.11 Å, respectively. A color‐tunable emission in CMNP phosphors can be realized by Ce3+→Tb3+ or Ce3+→Mn2+ energy transfer. White cathodoluminescence has been realized in a single‐phase Ca9MgNa(PO4)7 host by codoping with Ce3+, Tb3+, and Mn2+ for the first time with International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (0.319, 0.327). Furthermore, the cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of CMNP:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphors, including the dependence of the CL intensity on accelerating voltage and filament current, the decay behavior of CL intensity under electron bombardment, and the stability of the CIE chromaticity coordinates, have been investigated in detail. Owing to their good CL properties and good CIE chromaticity coordinates, the as‐prepared phosphors have potential application in field emission display (FED) devices.
C–H Activation at a Ruthenium(II) Complex – The Key Step for a Base‐Free Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation?
Authors: Taghizadeh Ghoochany Leila , Kerner Christian , Farsadpour Saeid , Menges Fabian , Sun Yu , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Thiel Werner R.
Published: July 2013

Ruthenium(II) complexes [(η6‐cymene)RuCl(apypm)]BPh4 with bidentate 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐pyridinyl)pyrimidine (apypm) ligands catalyze the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone. Their activities are strongly dependent on the substituent pattern of the pyrimidine ring. Complexes bearing a primary amino group in the 2‐position of the pyrimidine ring do not perform the catalysis in terms of a “bifunctional mechanism”, although they possess protic hydrogen atoms at the amino moiety in close proximity to the metal site. Systems containing tertiary dialkylated amino substituents at the apypm ligand are the first examples of air‐stable and phosphane‐free transfer‐hydrogenation catalysts that show high activities even in the absence of a base. A new mechanism for the catalyst activation in the absence of an external base is proposed on the basis of ESI‐MS investigations and ab initio calculations combined with isotope labelling: C–H bond cleavage at the pyrimidine ring is the crucial step for the generation of the catalytically active species.
NMR‐based metabolomic approach for EVOO from secular olive trees of Apulia region
Authors: Del Coco Laura , Perri Enzo , Cesari Gianluigi , Muzzalupo Innocenzo , Zelasco Samanta , Simeone Vito , Schena Francesco Paolo , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo
Published: July 2013

In this work, a first level investigation was carried out to study the extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) obtained from secular olive trees of Apulia region. Microextracted olive oil samples from selected and genetically characterized olive trees were studied by 1H NMR‐based metabolomic approach and multivariate analysis, according to cultivar and geographic origin, within the Apulia region. The 1H NMR spectra of oils were analyzed by several pattern recognition methods, using both unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (partial least squares discriminant analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA)) statistical techniques. EVOOs obtained from secular olive trees could be easily differentiated by OPLS‐DA not only depending on the used cultivars but also according to their geographical origin within the different districts of the Apulia region, such to justify a larger biodiversity maintenance of Apulia secular germplasm. Therefore, differences in chemical composition and NMR profiles of EVOOs may be explained either by cultivars or geographic areas.

Practical applications: About 10% of the genetic olive tree patrimony within the Apulia region consists of the secular olive trees. A recently introduced regional law (No 14 of June 4th, 2007) allows to exploit oil produced from secular olive trees by labeling it with the special mention: “extra virgin oil from the Apulia secular olive trees”. Characterization of extra virgin olive oils obtained from secular trees may be an optimal solution to increase the value for this product and make it available on the market. On the other hand this economic issue is very important to preserve the unique landscape offered by the ancient olive groves of the Apulia region in south east Italy.
Synthesis and Characterization of D–D–π–A‐Type Organic Dyes Bearing Carbazole–Carbazole as a Donor Moiety (D–D) for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Pansay Sakravee , Morada Somphob , Rattanawan Rattanawalee , Namuangruk Supawadee , Kaewin Tinnagon , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Promarak Vinich
Published: July 2013

A series of new D–D–π–A‐type organic dyes – CCTnA (n = 1–3), CCT3N and CCT2PA, bearing the 3‐(3′,6′‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazol‐N′‐yl)‐N‐dodecylcarbazol‐6‐yl system as an electron donor moiety (D–D) – were synthesized by convenient methods and successfully utilized as dye sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The central π‐conjugated bridges were made of oligothiophene and oligothiophene‐phenylene units, whereas the acceptor groups were either cyanoacrylic acid or cyanoacrylamide. Detailed investigation into the relationship between the structures, spectral and electrochemical properties, and performances of the DSSCs is described. The DSSC devices performed remarkably well, with typical overall conversion efficiencies of 3.60–5.69 %, and optimal incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiencies (IPCEs) exceeding 80 %. The devices containing oligothiophene bridging groups performed better than those with oligothiophene‐phenylene bridging groups. Of solar cells based on these dyes, the CCT3A‐based one gave a maximum IPCE value of 84 %, a short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.31 mA cm–2, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.71 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.71, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 5.69 % (>96 % of that of the reference N719‐based cell, η = 5.92 %). This work suggests that the organic dyes based on donor moieties or donor molecular architectures of this type are promising candidates for improvement of the performances of DSSCs.
The self and its resting state in consciousness: An investigation of the vegetative state
Authors: Huang Zirui , Dai Rui , Wu Xuehai , Yang Zhi , Liu Dongqiang , Hu Jin , Gao Liang , Tang Weijun , Mao Ying , Jin Yi , Wu Xing , Liu Bin , Zhang Yao , Lu Lu , Laureys Steven , Weng Xuchu , Northoff Georg
Published: July 2013

Recent studies have demonstrated resting‐state abnormalities in midline regions in vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state patients. However, the functional implications of these resting‐state abnormalities remain unclear. Recent findings in healthy subjects have revealed a close overlap between the neural substrate of self‐referential processing and the resting‐state activity in cortical midline regions. As such, we investigated task‐related neural activity during active self‐referential processing and various measures of resting‐state activity in 11 patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and 12 healthy control subjects. Overall, the results revealed that DOC patients exhibited task‐specific signal changes in anterior and posterior midline regions, including the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). However, the degree of signal change was significantly lower in DOC patients compared with that in healthy subjects. Moreover, reduced signal differentiation in the PACC predicted the degree of consciousness in DOC patients. Importantly, the same midline regions (PACC and PCC) in DOC patients also exhibited severe abnormalities in the measures of resting‐state activity, that is functional connectivity and the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence of neural abnormalities in both the self‐referential processing and the resting state in midline regions in DOC patients. This novel finding has important implications for clinical utility and general understanding of the relationship between the self, the resting state, and consciousness. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1997–2008, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Reactivity of the New Trimethylsilyl Esters of Aminomethylenebisorganophosphorus Acids
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Ershov Ivan S. , Petrosyan Valery S.
Published: July 2013

The interaction of trimethylsilyl esters of trivalent organophosphorus acids containing PH and POSiMe3 fragments in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as catalyst is proposed as a convenient method for the synthesis of new trimethylsilyl esters of aminomethylenebisorganophosphorus acids with three and four coordinated phosphorus. Also the new functionalized derivatives of the aminomethylenebisphosphinic acids with substituted hydroxymethyl moieties are synthesized, and some properties of the obtained compounds are presented.
Research on Cooling Mechanism of the Cement Clinker Macroporous Porous Medium
Authors: Wen Yan , Yue Hai‐long , Liu Bin
Published: July 2013

For the cement clinker, a macroporous unconsolidated porous medium, seepage heat transfer theory can more accurately reveal its internal problems. Because of the macroporous characteristics of the cement clinker accumulation body, the changes in the physical properties of the surrounding air, such as viscosity, density, and so on must be taken into consideration in the cooling process of the cement clinker. This article introduces a real gas state equation into the unsteady state seepage equation, and improves the universal local thermal non‐equilibrium energy equation, and finally builds a seepage heat exchanger model of the cement clinker accumulation body macroporous porous medium. Using the COTDMA algorithm, this article obtains the unsteady state change progress of the air temperature and the clinker, and the influence of the porosity size on the cooling process, providing a theoretical reference for engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res 43(2): 113‐123, 2014; Published online 01 July 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21066
A candidate gene approach for virally induced cancer with application to HIV‐related Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Aissani Brahim , Wiener Howard W. , Zhang Kui , Kaslow Richard A. , Ogwaro Kisani M. , Shrestha Sadeep , Jacobson Lisa P.
Published: July 2013

Like other members of the γ‐herpesvirus family, human herpes virus 8, the etiologic agent of classic and HIV‐related Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV‐KS) acquired and evolved several human genes with key immune modulatory and cellular growth control functions. The encoded viral homologs substitute for their human counterparts but escape cellular regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. We postulated that DNA variants in the human homologs of viral genes that potentially alter the expression or the binding of the encoded factors controlling the antiviral response may facilitate viral interference. To test whether cellular homologs are candidate susceptibility genes, we evaluated the association of DNA variants in 92 immune‐related genes including seven cellular homologs with the risk for HIV‐KS in a matched case and control study nested in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Low‐ and high‐risk gene‐by‐gene interactions were estimated by multifactor dimensionality reduction and used as predictors in conditional logistic models. Among the most significant gene interactions at risk (OR = 2.84–3.92; Bonferroni‐ adjusted p = 9.9 × 10−3– 2.6 × 10−4), three comprised human homologs of two latently expressed viral genes, cyclin D1 (CCND1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), in conjunction with angiogenic genes (VEGF, EDN‐1 and EDNRB). At lower significance thresholds (adjusted p < 0.05), human homologs related to apoptosis (CFLAR) and chemotaxis (CCL2) emerged as candidates. This “proof of concept” study identified human homologs involved in the regulation of type I interferon‐induced signaling, cell cycle and apoptosis potentially as important determinants of HIV‐KS
Childhood and adult socio‐economic position and social mobility as determinants of low back pain outcomes
Authors: Lallukka T. , Viikari‐Juntura E. , Raitakari O.T. , Kähönen M. , Lehtimäki T. , Viikari J. , Solovieva S.
Published: July 2013

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent problem and tends to be socio‐economically patterned. Relatively little is known about life‐course socio‐economic circumstances as determinants of different types ofLBP. Our aim was to examine whether childhood and adult socio‐economic position and social mobility are associated with radiating and non‐specificLBPand sciatica.

Method

Data were derived from theYoungFinnsStudy (n = 2231). Childhood socio‐economic position was based on parental education, occupational class and family income at baseline in 1980. Data on own education andLBPoutcomes were collected at the end of follow‐up in 2007. Social mobility was based on parental and own education. Covariates were composed of age, parental body mass index and smoking.

Results

Both childhood and own socio‐economic position remained associated with radiatingLBPand sciatica after adjustments. However, the associations varied by socio‐economic indicator and gender. Stable lower socio‐economic position and downward mobility were associated with radiatingLBP.

Conclusion

Childhood socio‐economic circumstances affect the risk of radiatingLBPand sciatica in adulthood. To prevent low back disorders, early socio‐economic circumstances need to be considered alongside own socio‐economic position.
4.2: Invited Paper: Development of High Mobility Zinc Oxynitride Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Ye Yan , Lim Rodney , You Harvey , Scheer Evelyn , Gaur Anshu , Hsu Hao‐chien , Liu Jian , Yim Dong Kil , Hosokawa Aki , White John M.
Published: July 2013

Possible mechanisms to achieve high mobility in zinc oxynitride (ZnON) have been investigated by comparison with other thin film semiconductors. Integrated processes to fabricate ZnON TFTs have been developed. Issues and challenges encountered at current stage will be discussed.
9.1: Frontal Projection‐type Three‐dimensional Display with Enhanced Brightness Uniformity
Authors: Lee Byoungho , Kim Youngmin , Hong Keehoon , Yeom Jiwoon , Park Soon‐gi
Published: July 2013

A method to uniformize the brightness of elemental image for the frontal projection‐type three‐dimensional (3D) display is proposed. A frontal projection three‐dimensional display which is possible to realize glasses‐free 3D display by combining a polarizing screen with a front projector has been proposed recently. This method uses a quarter‐wave retarding film (QWRF) and a polarizer with slits, and makes the audience see different directional views. This structure can change the polarization state orthogonally, so the image from projector is partially blocked when the image is reflected and meets the films. However, in this method, the quality of the reconstructed 3D image could be degraded since the light intensity at the barrier‐free regions of parallax barrier polarizer is brighter than that at the parallax barrier polarizer. We proposed two methods to relieve this difference, a parallax barrier rearrangement method and gray level compensation of illumination. By adopting two methods, we anticipate that the quality of reconstructed 3D image can be enhanced because of brightness uniformity in directional‐view images in the frontal projection‐type 3D display method.
10.3: Invited Paper: High Mobility Oxide TFTs for Future LCD Applications
Authors: Song Junho , Lim Jun Hyung , Du Ahn Byung , Lee Jehun
Published: July 2013

In this study, we reported the capability of a new composition oxide TFTs, fabricated using sputtering process and successfully developed including sputtering target with single‐phase. In order to compare single‐phase target with multiphase target, as‐deposited films by same sputtering condition for sputtering process were prepared and the chemical characterization of target, as‐deposited film, and annealed films, respectively by using EPMA and ICP analyses were evaluated. Single‐phase target had a uniform and homogeneous metal composition distribution without segregation. In addition, after annealing process, the films were maintained the chemical composition. We, therefore, selected single target and evaluated the electrical performances. The saturation mobility (μsat) was measured to be 22.4 cm2V−1s−1. In addition, threshold voltage (Vth) was 0.75 V and subthreshold swing (SS) was 0.44 V/decade, respectively. This study could encourage in developing a novel composition oxide TFTs with high mobility.
16.2: A 4.8‐inch AMOLED Display Panel Driven by Stable Amorphous In‐Zn‐O Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Miao , Zou Jianhua , Lan Linfeng , Tao Hong , Peng Junbiao
Published: July 2013

We presented a Stable IZO based MOTFT with mobility, on/off current ratio, and threshold voltage were 23.5 cm2/Vs, 109, and ∼0 V, respectively. After 127 hours gate bias stress, the threshold voltage shift was less than 0.2 V. A 4.8‐inch full‐color AMOLED demo driven by this MOTFT was demonstrated.
18.4L: Late‐News Paper: Full Color Flexible Top‐emission AMOLED Display on Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) Foil with Metal Oxide TFTs Backplane
Authors: Fukui Yusuke , Shibata Masaomi , Tanaka Yuji , Okumoto Kenji , Morita Kiyoyuki , Otake Keiichi , Tripathi Ashutosh Kumar , van der Putten Bas , van der Steen Jan‐Laurens , Tempelaars Karin , van Leuken Linda , Li Flora , Yakimets Iryna , Gelinck Gerwin , Myny Kris , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Schols Sarah , Steudel Soeren , Genoe Jan , Heremans Paul
Published: July 2013

We have developed a full color flexible top‐emission AMOLED display with 80 ppi resolution using In‐Ga‐Zn‐O TFT backplane on PEN foil under the maximum process temperature of 150 oC. Notwithstanding the low processing temperature, the TFTs with SiOx passivation layer show high reliability with VTH shift of less than 0.2 V at 10,000 seconds under bias‐stress of −10 V.
21.4L: Late‐News Paper: Recent Developments of Carbon Nanotube Enabled Vertical Organic Light Emitting Transistors for OLED Displays
Authors: Liu Bo , McCarthy Mitchell A. , Iheanacho Bright , Wong William S. , Rinzler Andrew G.
Published: July 2013

A new architecture light emitting transistor combining the drive transistor, storage capacitor and light emitter into a single device promises to greatly reduce AMOLED manufacturing costs by dramatically reducing the backplane circuit complexity. Here we demonstrate device operation at 60 Hz using only a switching transistor and show remarkable stability under bias stress, despite use of an organic channel.
22.3: Polymer System Effect on Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zhu Ji‐Liang , Ni Shui‐Bin , Chen Chao Ping , Lu Jian‐Gang , Su Yikai , Song Xiao‐Long , Chen Chao‐Yuan
Published: July 2013

The effect of polymer system on polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (PSBPLCs) is investigated. The experimental results indicate that the electro‐optic properties of PSBPLC are affected by the interface energy between the liquid crystal molecules and polymer system. As the anchoring energy of polymer system decreases, the driving voltage will decrease, but hysteresis and residual birefringence will increase. In addition, if the anchoring energy is less than a threshold value, the BPLC cannot be stabilized well by polymer network.
23.3: Invited Paper: Upgrading Self‐Aligned Imprint Lithography (SAIL) in Preparation for Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing of Large‐Sized High‐Performance Flexible Electronics
Authors: Kim Han‐Jun , Elder Richard , Vornbrock Alejandro de la Fuente , Hoffman Randy , Holland Edward , Jeans Albert , Luo Hao , Maltabes John , Mei Ping , Perlov Craig , Taussig Carl , Morrison Neil
Published: July 2013

Self‐aligned imprint lithography (SAIL) is currently being upgraded to a next stage to better address the needs for roll‐to‐roll compatible manufacturing of large‐sized flexible OLED display backplanes. Cu and oxide semiconductors are preferred choices of materials, and control of process and yield becomes even more important an issue.
24.1: Invited Paper: Photography of Display Surfaces Using Consumer Cameras — Three Regimes and Tristimulus Imagery
Authors: Kelley Edward F.
Published: July 2013

We consider the employment of high‐quality consumer cameras in the photography of display surfaces. We examine the conversion to tristimulus images and the linearity of the camera and display. Three magnification regimes are of interest: subpixel details, pixel details without subpixel resolution, and full‐screen photography without aliasing.
26.1: A Coarse Integral Holographic Display
Authors: Smithwick Quinn , Chen Jhen‐Si , Chu Daping
Published: July 2013

A Coarse Integral Holographic Display uses coarse integral optics to angularly tile multiple elemental holograms and display large full parallax holograms with wide but different horizontal and vertical fields‐of‐view.