bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La construction sociale d'un territoire professionnel : les agents artistiques
Authors: Naudier Delphine
Published: June 2013

Qu’ils soient qualifiés d’impresarios ou d’agents artistiques, ces acteurs des mondes de l’art occupent depuis la fin du XIX e  siècle une fonction d’intermédiaires sur le marché du travail artistique. Il s’agit de montrer comment les agents artistiques ont progressivement construit leur territoire professionnel, oscillant entre absence de règlementation, encadrement et libéralisation de l’activité. D’abord peu encadrée, discréditée en raison de la présomption d’escroquerie qui pèse sur elle, la profession est progressivement contrôlée par les autorités préfectorales et municipales. La construction sociale de la profession s’appuie sur un travail de moralisation et d’encadrement de l’activité qui, après avoir obtenu une dérogation d’exercice alors que les bureaux de placement payants étaient supprimés, aboutit ensuite à sa légalisation par la loi de décembre 1969. Enfin, à partir de 2004, une autre phase est amorcée qui aboutit en 2010, avec l’application de la directive Bolkenstein, à la libéralisation de la profession. De l’activité de placement à celle de la représentation des intérêts professionnels qui élargit la palette de leurs prérogatives, la légalisation de l’activité s’est construite à la croisée des luttes syndicales des artistes et de la structuration interne de ce territoire professionnel très hétérogène et hiérarchisé.
La Fédération internationale des associations de producteurs de films : un acteur controversé de la promotion du cinéma après 1945
Authors: Moine Caroline
Published: June 2013

Dans le processus de médiation des films et du cinéma à l’échelle internationale après 1945, un acteur se distingue, la Fédération internationale des associations de producteurs de cinéma (FIAPF). Son histoire, de son essor à la fin des années 1940 jusqu’au tournant des années 1970, permet de mesurer le rôle qu’elle joue concernant les débats sur le statut des producteurs et sur la libre circulation des films, leurs mode de valorisation et de promotion. En pleine guerre froide et alors que les majors américaines en deviennent un membre influent, son action s’inscrit dans des enjeux tout à la fois économiques, politiques et diplomatiques, comme l’atteste la manière dont elle cherche à réguler les festivals internationaux de cinéma en Europe qui deviennent l’un de ses principaux espaces d’influence. Au tournant des années 1970 elle fait l’objet de critiques de plus en plus fortes de la part de réalisateurs, et cette situation conduit à la création d’une Fédération des producteurs indépendants en 1973.
Une discipline olympique ? Le retour des politiques d'éradication des favelas à Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Soares Gonçalves Rafael
Published: June 2013

La ville de Rio de Janeiro est entrée définitivement dans le marché international des grands événements internationaux. Elle a accueilli ou est en passe d’accueillir des événements de grande visibilité, tels que la Coupe du monde de football de 2014 et les Jeux olympiques de 2016. Le présent article se penche sur les effets, dans les favelas, de la préparation de la ville à partir de l’analyse, d’une part, du retour des politiques des relogements des favelas et, d’autre part, des impacts actuels de la gentrification urbaine dans ces espaces.
Le droit à l'espace : l'exemple des Gens du voyage en Île-de-France
Authors: Desbois Jérôme
Published: June 2013

Le mode de vie singulier des Gens du voyage – environ 50 000 personnes en Île-de-France – ainsi que leur habitat spécifique, la caravane, sont connus, pourtant rien n’est fait pour permettre qu’ils soient respectés. Dans cet article Jérôme Desbois propose de présenter la situation des Gens du voyage en Île-de-France, en pointant les difficultés et obstacles administratifs qu’ils rencontrent pour accéder à un habitat décent. L’auteur interroge le rôle que jouent ces obstacles administratifs dans le parcours du combattant que constitue la satisfaction, par les populations nomades, d’un droit à l’espace : les outils administratifs mis en place ne sont-ils pas, purement et simplement, à l’origine d’une stigmatisation et relégation institutionnalisées de ces populations, et en particulier des Tsiganes, en Île-de-France ?
« L'État nous quitte »
Authors: Bulle Sylvaine
Published: June 2013

Pendant 6 mois entre l’été 2011 et l’hiver 2012, un large mouvement de contestation populaire israélien a pris corps dans les villes, bénéficiant de relais dans l’opinion publique et l’espace médiatique et a ébranlé la vie politique israélienne. Le soulèvement intervenu dans le contexte des « printemps des peuples » qui se prolonge aujourd’hui par des actions collectives plus ou moins robustes (campements, tribunal populaire, assemblée du peuple) doit pouvoir être lu à partir de visées sociologiques et politiques renvoyant à la question économique sociale et culturelle en Israël. Celle-ci est en tout état de cause le reflet du recul de l’État social qui était au cœur du projet sioniste. Dans cet article, l’auteure porte l’attention sur cette question de deux ordres : l’analyse des justifications critiques qui ont pu permettre, le temps d’une révolte de dénoncer la réalité et la façon dont les controverses (notamment dans le domaine du logement) sont portées en public.
Les budgets participatifs européens peinent à lutter contre la ségrégation
Authors: Nez Héloïse
Published: June 2013

Mis en place pour la première fois dans la ville brésilienne de Porto Alegre, en 1989, le budget participatif s’est depuis diffusé en Amérique latine et en Europe, et plus récemment sur d’autres continents, avec des succès divers. Alors que la redistribution des richesses est l’un des principaux objectifs de l’expérience pionnière, l’auteure montre, à partir d’une enquête de terrain sur deux expériences en France (le 20 e arrondissement de Paris) et en Espagne (Cordoue), que les résultats sociaux de ces processus de démocratie participative sont plus mitigés en Europe.
Le squat, un droit à la ville en actes
Authors: Aguilera Thomas , Bouillon Florence
Published: June 2013

Le squat est le plus souvent appréhendé par les sciences sociales sous l’angle des mobilisations collectives. L’idée de « droit à la ville » est au cœur de la rhétorique des squatteurs politiques et de leurs répertoires d’action. Les auteurs reviennent, dans cet article, sur cette hypothèse en mobilisant des résultats d’enquêtes réalisées à Paris, à Marseille et à Madrid. Il s’agira alors d’évoquer un tout autre visage du squat, souvent négligé car plus discret : celui des squats de « pauvreté », occupés par les citadins les plus démunis et disqualifiés.
Un logement foncièrement solidaire : le modèle des community land trusts
Authors: Attard Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2013

Inéquitables, parce qu’elles absorbent une partie de la richesse socialement produite, les plus-values foncières induisent aussi une ségrégation spatiale dans les zones tendues, en verrouillant l’accès du marché immobilier aux catégories de la population à revenu modeste. La taxation des plus-values demeure la réponse privilégiée par les pouvoirs publics, bien que ses résultats ne paraissent pas à la mesure de l’enjeu. Les organismes américains connus sous le nom de community land trusts ont opté pour une autre solution : une démarchandisation du foncier couplée à une restriction conventionnelle des droits du propriétaire sur son logement. Selon ce modèle, une limitation librement consentie des plus-values au moment des reventes garantit l’accessibilité permanente des unités de logements aux ménages à faible revenu. Avec près de trente ans d’exercice, leur bilan démontre l’efficacité d’un usage du foncier comme patrimoine social, vecteur de solidarité dans l’accès au logement.
« Intégration, piège à cons ! »
Authors: Tissot Sylvie
Published: June 2013

Fils d’un ouvrier algérien membre du FLN, Abdelaziz Gharbi est l’héritier, à sa manière, d’une histoire ouvrière profondément intriquée à celle du colonialisme. Sa trajectoire nous éclaire sur le racisme du monde scolaire, et sur les points aveugles d’une gauche et d’une extrême gauche trop longtemps indifférentes aux combats contre les violences policières et contre les discriminations de toutes sortes. Ancien militant du Mouvement immigration banlieue (MIB), aujourd’hui directeur d’une régie de quartier à Aubervilliers, il ne cesse de rappeler la violence des inégalités économiques alors que la longue histoire des trahisons du Parti socialiste se poursuit. Sa voix précieuse tranche avec celle, bruyante, des experts et des politiques qui se pressent au chevet du « problème des banlieues » depuis plus de vingt ans.
National Education: The Construction of the Yugoslav Nation in the Magazine Jugoslovenče (1931–1941)
Authors: Stevanović Lada
Published: June 2013

Članek predstavlja analizo otroškega časopisa Jugoslovenče, ki so ga tiskali in distribuirali v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji med letoma 1931 in 1941. Časopis je bil namenjen osnovnošolcem, priporočalo ga je Ministrstvo za prosveto. Upoštevaje, da je izhajal v novo nastali jugoslovanski državi – Kraljevini Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev – je naslov Jugoslovenče, tj. je »mladi pripadnik jugoslovanske nacije«, lahko v enaki meri nagovarjal učence, katerim je bil namenjen, kakor tudi mlado nacijo, ki je bila v procesu obikovanja. Tako je bil časopis eden od posrednikov, ki so neposredno (kar je značilno za besedila, namenjena otrokom) ustvarjali, razglašali in prenašali zamisli jugoslovanstva. Ko se sprašujemo o jugoslovanstvu, mislimo na njegov pomen in na to, kar je vstopilo v jugoslovansko »tradicijo«, kakor se je izpisovala na podlagi besedil tega časopisa.
***
This article presents part of a study analyzing the magazine Jugoslovenče, published in Yugoslavia from 1931 to 1941. The magazine’s readership was primary school students and the Ministry of Education recommended it as material to be distributed in schools. Because this children’s magazine was founded twelve years after The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians was established, the title Jugoslovenče (Young Yugoslav) refers equally to the children that read it as well as to this young nation going through its formation process. This magazine was one of the media that directly and clearly (as is characteristic of material aimed at children) created, presented, and propagated Yugoslav ideas. This article addresses what Yugoslav identity meant at that time, how it was conceptualized, and how Yugoslav tradition was written and constructed when the magazine was published.
Serbs in Slovenia: Minority Organizations
Authors: Pavlović Mirjana
Published: June 2013

V članku so predstavljeni ustanavljanje in razvoj manjšinskih organizacij Srbov v Sloveniji in njihova vloga v življenju skupnosti, vpliv na oblikovanje, ohranjanje in izražanje etnične identitete pripadnikov različnih generacij v sinhroni in diahroni perspektivi.
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This article discusses the establishment and development of Serbian minority organizations in Slovenia. It assesses their potential role in the community’s everyday life and their influence on shaping, maintaining, and expressing the ethnic identity of members of different generations through synchronic and diachronic perspectives.
“I’m from Belgrade”: Understanding Serbian Ethnic Identity in Slovenia
Authors: Đorđević Crnobrnja Jadranka
Published: June 2013

O priseljevanju državljanov Srbije v Slovenijo lahko govorimo šele po letu 1991. Ena od njegovih značilnosti je prizadevanje priseljencev, da določijo svojo identiteto v razmerju s krajem ali pokrajino, ne pa z državo, iz katere so prišli. Prednost, ki jo dajejo krajevni ali pokrajinski identiteti, je povezana s potrebo po etnični mimikriji. Z analizo simbolov/označevalcev, ki so v rabi pri konstrukciji etnične identitete, so pojasnjeni razlogi in strategije prikrivanja etnične identitete pri drugem valu.
***
Serbian immigration to Slovenia increased after 1991. An interesting feature of this immigration pattern is an attempt by the newcomers to determine their own identity according to a particular city, town, or a region, but not their country of origin. In this case, the emphasis on local or regional identity is engendered by a need for ethnic mimicry. Accordingly, this article presents and explains possible reasons and strategies for this hidden ethnic identification of the second wave of immigrants by analyzing the symbols and markers used in constructing an ethnic identity.
Serbs in White Carniola: Insight into the Current Situation
Authors: Ivanović-Barišić Milina
Published: June 2013

V članku so predstavljeni podatki in opazovanja iz štirih srbskih vasi v Beli krajini (Bojanci, Marindol, Milići in Paunovići), zbrani v letih 2007–2009. S pomočjo že objavljene literature je bilo mogoče pripraviti pogled na položaj srbske etnične skupnosti v času raziskave.
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This article discusses the state of the affairs related to the Serbs living in White Carniola, Slovenia in the villages of Bojanci, Marindol, Milići, and Paunovići. Original fieldwork carried out from 2007 to 2009, along with previously published literature, has helped to created a synchronic perspective on the ethnic Serbian community in White Carniola.
Davorin Jenko in Social Memory
Authors: Prelić Mladena
Published: June 2013

Davorin Jenko (1835–1914), skladatelj in dirigent, »mož dveh domovin«, Slovenec po rodu in panslavist po nazorih, je živel in deloval v Pančevu in Beogradu več ko 40 let. Njegova zapuščina je do danes ostala pomembna v Srbiji in Sloveniji. V tem članku je obravnavno predvsem vprašanje, kako je nastajal družbeni spomin na Davorina Jenka, in sicer tako, da časovno sledimo načinom, kako se Jenka spominjajo in kako o njem govorijo v Srbiji in Sloveniji. Premislek uravnava podmena, da načini konstrukcije družbenega spomina pričajo najprej o tistih, ki se spominjajo, in šele nato o samem Jenku in njegovi ustvarjalnosti.
***
Davorin Jenko (1835–1914), composer and conductor, “man of two homelands”, Slovenian by birth and Panslovenian by orientation, lived and worked in Panchevo and Belgrade for about forty years of his life. He left a significant legacy in Serbia as well as in Slovenia. This article deals with the question of social memories of Davorin Jenko and his work by following through time the ways in which Jenko was remembered, and the discourses associated with his name and work in Serbia and Slovenia. The main assumption of the paper is that the ways in which social memory is constructed and maintained, although they are indeed also very important in understanding Jenko’s life and opera, speak even more about the societies in which these processes evolve.
Made in the Balkans, Ready to Use at Home: Some Remarks on Neofolk Music in Slovenia
Authors: Radović Srđan
Published: June 2013

V članku je obravnavan sprejem neofolk glasbe v Sloveniji, posebej neo- in turbofolk glasbe, ki je v Slovenijo prišla iz drugih pojugoslovanskih držav. Po opredelitvi osrednjih pojmov so pregledane infrastruktura, s katero se razširja ta glasbeni slog, in posebej promocijske strategije, ki so usmerjene h glavnim ciljnim skupinam, t. i. »južnakom« in mladim etničnim Slovencem. V sklepu je analiziran sprejem teh glasbenih oblik v Sloveniji.
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This article deals with what is widely understood as neofolk music in Slovenia, especially with neofolk and turbofolk originating from other former Yugoslav countries. After defining several terms, the infrastructure for disseminating this musical style is examined, with special attention to strategies for penetrating two major target groups: “Southerners” and younger ethnic Slovenians. The article concludes by discussing the reception of these musical forms by audiences in Slovenia.
Reception of Neofolk Music in Slovenia: Identity Politics in the Beat of ‘Easy Listening Tunes’
Authors: Đorđević Ivan
Published: June 2013

Namen prispevka je preučitev recepcije neo- in turbofolk glasbenega žanra v Sloveniji, da bi spoznali domet njegove razširjenosti in načine njegovega vrednotenja. Poseben poudarek raziskave v Sloveniji je namenjen obravnavi neofolka kot značilnega produkta t. i. južnjaške kulture (državljani Slovenije, doma iz »južnih« republik, zlasti Bosne in Hercegovine in Srbije). Gre za poskus povezave segmenta popularne kulture z etnično in socialno (avto)identifikacijo njenih porabnikov, tako da je neofolk obravnavan kot razločevalni označevalec pri ustvarjanju hierarhizirajočih diskurzov na osi med večinskim prebivalstvom (Slovenci) in »južnjaki«.
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This article examines the reception of neofolk and turbofolk music in Slovenia and establishes the breadth and evaluation modalities of this genre in this former Yugoslav republic. The study of this phenomenon in Slovenia places special emphasis on the research on neofolk music as a typical product of “southern culture” (i.e., from southern former Yugoslav republics, primarily Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia). The article establishes a link between this pop culture segment and ethnic and social (self-)identification of its consumers, considering neofolk music as a distinctive marker in creating hierarchizing discourse based on the majority population (Slovenians) vs. “Southerners.”
Some Insights into the past and Present of Slovenians Living in Belgrade
Authors: Ravnik Mojca
Published: June 2013

Članek temelji na gradivu, zbranem v pogovorih z beograjskimi Slovenci. S pogledi v življenje posameznikov in družin so ponazarjeni vzroki in načini njihove priselitve v Beograd, delo, stanovanje, družinsko življenje in odnos do domačega kraja, družbene odnose in odnos do večinskega okolja od konca 1. svetovne vojne do danes. Skoraj stoletje je bil Beograd prestolnica stare in nove Jugoslavije (od 1918 do 1991), Zvezne republike Jugoslavije (od 1992), Srbije in Črne gore (od 2003) in Srbije (od 2006). Zgodovinske okoliščine so se korenito spremenile, zamenjali so se politični sistemi, skupna država je razpadla na nove samostojne države. Zgodovina Beograda je vpletena v življenjske zgodbe beograjskih Slovencev; govorimo lahko o beograjski (slovenski) različici slovenske (beograjske) urbane kulture, ki je vredna nadaljnjih, poglobljenejših raziskav.
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Based on the material obtained by interviews with Slovenians living in Belgrade, Serbia, the text gives an insight into the lives of individual Slovenians as well as whole families in the period spanning from the end of the First World War to the present. Discussed are the causes and manners of their immigration to Belgrade; their work, living quarters, and family life; relations with and position on their original home; and their social relations and contacts with the majority nation. For almost a century, Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia (1918-1991), the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (from 1992), Serbia and Montenegro (from 2003), and, since 2006, of Serbia. Historic circumstances have been changing drastically, and the former republics once united in their common country became new, independent countries. The history of Belgrade is reflected in the life stories of Belgrade Slovenians; these newcomers gradually created a Belgrade (Slovenian) variant of Slovenian (Belgrade) urban culture that merits further investigation and more detailed studies.
The Importance of Emigrant Societies: The Sava Slovenian Society of Belgrade
Authors: Poljak Istenič Saša
Published: June 2013

Za izseljence so njihova društva med pomembnejšimi dejavniki za negovanje materinščine in ohranjanje, oblikovanje ali utrjevanje identitete. Društvo Slovencev Sava Beograd je mlado, a aktivno; poleg kulturnih dejavnosti (predvsem v povezavi s prazniki v Sloveniji) si skupaj z drugimi slovenskimi društvi prizadeva za izvolitev nacionalnega sveta Slovencev v Srbiji. V prispevku je nakazan pomen društev za ohranjanje stika s slovenskim jezikom in kulturo, kulturno-umetniško ustvarjanje, izobraževanje, medsebojno spoznavanje in formalno združevanje slovenske manjšine v Srbiji.
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Societies are important factors for nurturing emigrants’ native languages and preserving, shaping, and strengthening their identity. The Sava Slovenian Society of Belgrade is young but active; in addition to cultural activities (connected especially with Slovenian holidays), together with other Slovenian societies it is seeking to elect a Slovenian national council in Serbia. This article outlines the importance of societies for maintaining contact with the Slovenian language and culture, as well as the cultural and artistic creativity, education, mutual acquaintanceship, and formal association of the Slovenian minority in Serbia.
A Few Impressions on the Sava Slovenian Society in Belgrade
Authors: Kropej Monika
Published: June 2013

V prispevku je predstavljenih nekaj odlomkov iz življenja Slovencev v Beogradu in dejavnosti članov društva beograjskih Slovencev »Sava«. Poudarjen je pomen njihovega aktivnega druženja, predvsem športnega in kulturnega, ter vloga katoliške cerkve, ki jo je imela pri ustanavljanju društva.
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This paper presents a few impressions from the lives of Slovenians in Belgrade and the activities of the members of the Sava Slovenian Society in Belgrade. The emphasis is on the importance of their social gatherings, especially in terms of sports and culture, and the role of the Catholic Church in establishing the society.
Le vignoble sud-africain dans l’ère post-apartheid, entre transformation et continuité
Authors: Dellier Julien , Rouvellac Eric , Guyot Sylvain
Published: June 2013

Les vignobles sud-africains sont représentatifs d’un secteur productif très mondialisé, d’espaces agricoles localisés au sein de territoires racialement fragmentés et d’un patrimoine largement associé à la colonisation européenne. Ils ont cependant entamé un processus de transformation en phase avec les nouveaux impératifs internationaux en matière de qualité des vins, et plus surprenant, en phase avec les évolutions postapartheid propres à la nouvelle nation sud-africaine. Ces transformations tendent à dessiner une nouvelle géographie des vignobles, reposant sur la conquête de nouveaux fronts propices à la qualité du vin, et avec l’intégration de principes de redistribution et d’équité raciale dans la zone viticole la plus ancienne. Toutefois à l’image de l’ère postapartheid dans son ensemble, ces transformations peinent à changer un secteur encore profondément inégalitaire.
Wines without Latitude: Global and local forces and the geography of the Thai wine industry
Authors: Banks Glenn , Klinsrisuk Ratchaphong , Dilokwanich Sittipong , Stupples Polly
Published: June 2013

Sur le plan historique, la production de raisin de cuve était limitée aux latitudes tempérées, en grande partie entre 30 et 50 degrés au-dessus et au-dessous de l'Equateur. Cependant, on assiste depuis peu à sa fabrication dans les pays des régions tropicales. Cet article analyse le développement et les caractéristiques de l'industrie vinicole thaïe, la plus importante des pays de l’Asie du Sud-Est. En le rattachant aux débats sur la mondialisation économique et culturelle, il étudie les motivations et les origines des producteurs thaïs, les contraintes environnementales, les adaptations locales ainsi que les contraintes réglementaires et culturelles au développement de cette industrie, ses liens mondiaux et ses perspectives. Notre argument est qu’en dépit de sa de petite taille, l'industrie vinicole thaïe intègre nettement nombre des complexités de la mondialisation, démontrant ainsi la fusion des tendances culturelles mondiales, la croissance économique nationaliste, la nature de plus en plus globale des acteurs de l’industrie vinicole ainsi que les contraintes permanentes exercées par le processus de mondialisation sur l’ensemble de ces régimes politiques internes et réglementaires.
Theoretical Study of Spin Conduction in the Ni/DTE/Ni Nanohybrid
Authors: Ulman Kanchan , Imam Mighfar , Narasimhan Shobhana , Odell Anders , Delin Anna
Published: June 2013

The photoswitching molecule dithienylethene (DTE) is an interesting candidate for constructing optoelectronic molecular devices since it can be made to switch between a closed and an open conformation using light. We here report computations, based on density functional theory (DFT) and the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) method, of the spin-resolved conductance of the two DTE isomers attached to spin-polarized nickel leads. Results are compared and contrasted to those of other contact materials (nonmagnetic Ni, Ag, and Au), analyzing the physical origins of the various features in the transmission function. It was found rather surprisingly, that the two spin channels in the Ni/DTE/Ni device have almost identical I-V characteristics, despite one channel being d-dominated and the other one s-dominated. It was also observed that the Ni-based device exhibits a sustained high conductance ratio also for high bias - a property that may be of relevance in future device design. Furthermore, two computational schemes for calculating the conductance were compared and analyzed. It was found that even for very small bias the molecular orbital polarization was decisive for spin-related properties such as the spin current ratio and magneto-resistance in the Ni/DTE/Ni device.
Pinch-Off Effect in P-Type Double Gate and Single Gate Junctionless Silicon Nanowire Transistor Fabricated by Atomic Force Microscopy Nanolithography
Authors: Larki Farhad , Dehzangi Arash , Hassan Jumiah , Abedini Alam , Saion E.B. , Hutagalung Sabar D. , Abdullah A. Makarimi , Hamidon M.N.
Published: June 2013

The spark of aggressive scaling of transistors was started after the Moors law on prediction of device dimensions. Recently, among the several types of transistors, junctionless transistors were considered as one of the promising alternative for new generation of nanotransistors. In this work, we investigate the pinch-offeffect in double gate and single gate junctionless lateral gate transistors. The transistors are fabricated on lightly doped (1015) p-type Silicon-on-insulator wafer by using an atomic force microscopy nanolithography technique. The transistors are normallyonstate devices and working in depletion mode. The behavior of the devices confirms the normal behavior of the junctionless transistors. The pinch-offeffect appears at VG+2.0 V and VG+2.5 V for fabricated double gate and single structure, respectively.Onstate current is in the order of 10-9(A) for both structures due to low doping concentration. The single gate and double gate devices exhibit anIon/Ioffof approximately 105and 106, respectively.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Local Honey
Authors: Haiza Haroon , Azizan A. , Mohidin Aizat Hazwan , Halin D.S.C.
Published: June 2013

In this work, silver nanoparticles have been successfully prepared with a simple, cost-effective and reproducible aqueous room temperature green synthesis method. Honey was chosen as the eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent replacing most reported reducing agents such as hydrazine, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) which are highly reactive chemicals but also pose a biological risk to the society and environment. The size and shape of silver nanoparticles were modulated by varying the honey concentration and pH of the aqueous solution that contain silver nitrate as the silver precursor, sodium hydroxide as the pH regulator and ethylene glycol as the solvent. The silver nanoparticles obtained are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From SEM analysis, it was found that by increasing the concentration of honey, the size of silver nanoparticles produced decreased, from the range of 18.98 nm - 26.05 nm for 10 g of honey to 15.63 nm - 17.86 nm for 40 g of honey. Similarly, the particle size decreased as the pH of the aqueous solution increased. UV-Vis spectra revealed large anisotropic and polydispersed Ag nanoparticle were produced.
Unconventional RORγt+ T Cells Drive Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Eggenhofer Elke , Rovira Jordi , Sabet-Baktach Manije , Groell Anja , Scherer Marcus N. , Dahlke Marc-Hendrik , Farkas Stefan A. , Loss Martin , Koehl Gudrun E. , Lang Sven A. , Melter Michael , Schlitt Hans J. , Geissler Edward K. , Kroemer Alexander
Published: June 2013

An emerging body of evidence suggests a pivotal role of CD3+ T cells in mediating early ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the precise phenotype of T cells involved and the mechanisms underlying such T cell–mediated immune responses in IRI, as well as their clinical relevance, are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated early immunological events in a model of partial warm hepatic IRI in genetically targeted mice to study the precise pathomechanistic role of RORγt+ T cells. We found that unconventional CD27−γδTCR+ and CD4−CD8− double-negative T cells are the major RORγt-expressing effector cells in hepatic IRI that play a mechanistic role by being the main source of IRI-mediating IL-17A. We further show that unconventional IRI-mediating T cells are contingent on RORγt, as highlighted by the fact that a genetic deficiency for RORγt, or its therapeutic antagonization via digoxin, is protective against hepatic IRI. Therefore, identification of CD27−γδTCR+ and CD4−CD8− double-negative T cells as the major source of IL-17A via RORγt in hepatic IRI opens new therapeutic options to improve liver transplantation outcomes.
Independent Expansion of Epitope-Specific Plasma Cell Responses upon HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Immunization
Authors: Forsell Mattias N. E. , Soldemo Martina , Dosenovic Pia , Wyatt Richard T. , Karlsson Mikael C. I. , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B.
Published: June 2013

Abs that bind the functional envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike are considered critical for a broadly effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine. The difficulty in eliciting such Abs by vaccination is partially attributed to the immunodominance of hydrophilic, surface-exposed variable protein regions of Env. However, little is known about the potential for competition between B cells that recognize distinct and distal epitopes on Env during protein subunit vaccination. In this study, we address this basic question at the level of Ab-secreting cells and serum IgG using a pair of isogenic soluble Env trimers, designated wildtype and gV3, which differ only in their potential to activate B cell responses against the highly immunogenic V3 region of Env. Immunization of mice with gV3 resulted in a markedly lower Ag-specific response compared with that induced by wildtype Env and could be explained by a loss of V3-directed reactivities. There was no redistribution of the response to other regions of Env in gV3-inoculated mice, suggesting that the epitope-specific Ab-secreting cell responses measured after boost are independently regulated rather than dictated by direct or indirect competition between B cells recognizing different structural elements of Env. This information is relevant for ongoing efforts in Env immunogen design to focus responses on conserved neutralizing determinants and for our general understanding of B cell responses to large-protein Ags that display numerous B cell epitopes.
A map and summary database of permafrost temperatures in Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Smith S L , Riseborough D W , Ednie M , Chartrand J
Published: June 2013

A summary database and map of recent permafrost temperatures is provided for Nunavut Canada. The database includes publicly available information from over 100 boreholes. About 20% of these boreholes are active permafrost thermal monitoring sites maintained
by the Geological Survey of Canada and various partners (academic, community, government). Almost 80% of the boreholes were drilled as part of geotechnical investigation programs to support mineral resource development. Most of the ground temperature data provided are based on measurements made
since 2000. The map and database provide regional information on permafrost thermal state that can be incorporated into territorial state of knowledge reports and support engineering design and environmental assessment for resource development projects in Nunavut.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Panoramic Radiography in Detection of Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Bhatnagar Sunanda , Krishnamurthy Vasavi , Pagare Sandeep S.
Published: June 2013

Objective:

The aim of the study was to evaluate panoramic radiograph, a commonly taken dental radiograph as a screening tool to detect early osseous changes (normal, mildly or severely eroded) of the mandibular inferior cortex and measure the mandibular cortical width (CW) in post-menopausal women and correlate it with the bone mineral density (BMD) measured by the ultrasound bone sonometer at the mid-shaft tibia region.

Materials and Methods:

The study included females between 45 years and 65 years of age in their post-menopausal stage (no menstruation for at least 6-12 months). Mandibular indices (mandibular CW and mandibular cortical shape) were evaluated from panoramic radiographs. The BMD assessment was carried out at the mid-shaft tibia region, exactly half-way between the heel and the knee joint perpendicular to the direction of the bone, using an ultrasound bone sonometer. It is a non-invasive device designed for quantitative measurement of the velocity of ultrasound waves as speed of sound in m/s, capable of measuring bone density at one or more skeletal sites. Using 1994 WHO criteria the study subjects were categorized as Group 1: Normal, Group 2: Osteopenia, Group 3: Osteoporosis. (WHO T score for tibia BMD can be used as a standard).

Results:

The diagnostic efficacy of the panoramic radiograph in detecting osseous changes in post-menopausal women with low BMD was shown to have 96% specificity and 60% sensitivity with mandibular cortical shape and 58% specificity and 73% sensitivity with mandibular CW measurement. Factorial ANOVA analysis carried out indicated a significant correlation of BMD classification with mandibular cortical shape (F = 29.0, P < 0.001, partial eta squared [η2] =0.85), a non-significant correlation with mandibular CW, (F = 1.6, P = 0.23, η2 = 0.86), and a more significant correlation with combined cortical shape and width (F = 3.3, P < 0.05, η2 = 0.70).

Conclusion:

The study concludes that the combined mandibular cortical findings (P < 0.05) and mandibular cortical shape erosion alone (P < 0.001) on panoramic radiograph are effective indicators of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.
On the "well-mixed" assumption and numerical 2-D tracing of atmospheric moisture
Authors: Goessling H. F. , Reick C. H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Atmospheric water vapour tracers (WVTs) are an elegant tool to determine source–sink relations of moisture "online" in atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). However, it is sometimes desirable to establish such relations "offline" based on already existing atmospheric data (e.g. reanalysis data). One simple and frequently applied offline method is 2-D moisture tracing. It makes use of the "well-mixed" assumption, which allows for treating the vertical dimension integratively. Here we scrutinise the "well-mixed" assumption and 2-D moisture tracing by means of analytical considerations in combination with AGCM-WVT simulations. We find that vertically well-mixed conditions are seldom met. Due to the presence of vertical inhomogeneities, 2-D moisture tracing (i) neglects a significant degree of fast-recycling, and (ii) results in erroneous advection where the direction of the horizontal winds varies vertically. The latter is not so much the case in the extratropics, but in the tropics this can lead to large errors. For example, computed by 2-D moisture tracing, the fraction of precipitation in the western Sahel that originates from beyond the Sahara is ~40%, whereas the fraction that originates from the tropical and Southern Atlantic is only ~4%. According to full (i.e. 3-D) moisture tracing, however, both regions contribute roughly equally, showing that the errors introduced by the 2-D approximation can be substantial.
Evolution of particle composition in CLOUD nucleation experiments
Authors: Keskinen H. , Virtanen A. , Joutsensaari J. , Tsagkogeorgas G. , Duplissy J. , Schobesberger S. , Gysel M. , Riccobono F. , Slowik J. G. , Bianchi F. , Yli-Juuti T. , Lehtipalo K. , Rondo L. , Breitenlechner M. , Kupc A. , Almeida J. , Amorim A. , Dunne E. M. , Downard A. J. , Ehrhart S. , Franchin A. , Kajos M.K. , Kirkby J. , Kürten A. , Nieminen T. , Makhmutov V. , Mathot S. , Miettinen P. , Onnela A. , Petäjä T. , Praplan A. , Santos F. D. , Schallhart S. , Sipilä M. , Stozhkov Y. , Tomé A. , Vaattovaara P. , Wimmer D. , Prevot A. , Dommen J. , Donahue N. M. , Flagan R.C. , Weingartner E. , Viisanen Y. , Riipinen I. , Hansel A. , Curtius J. , Kulmala M. , Worsnop D. R. , Baltensperger U. , Wex H. , Stratmann F. , Laaksonen A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Sulphuric acid, ammonia, amines, and oxidised organics play a crucial role in nanoparticle formation in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigate the composition of nucleated nanoparticles formed from these compounds in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber experiments at CERN (Centre européen pour la recherche nucléaire). The investigation was carried out via analysis of the particle hygroscopicity, ethanol affinity, oxidation state, and ion composition. Hygroscopicity was studied by a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser and a cloud condensation nuclei counter, ethanol affinity by an organic differential mobility analyser and particle oxidation level by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. The ion composition was studied by an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The volume fraction of the organics in the particles during their growth from sizes of a few nanometers to tens of nanometers was derived from measured hygroscopicity assuming the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relationship, and compared to values gained from the spectrometers. The ZSR-relationship was also applied to obtain the measured ethanol affinities during the particle growth, which were used to derive the volume fractions of sulphuric acid and the other inorganics (e.g. ammonium salts). In the presence of sulphuric acid and ammonia, particles with a mobility diameter of 150 nm were chemically neutralised to ammonium sulphate. In the presence of oxidation products of pinanediol, the organic volume fraction of freshly nucleated particles increased from 0.4 to ~0.9, with an increase in diameter from 2 to 63 nm. Conversely, the sulphuric acid volume fraction decreased from 0.6 to 0.1 when the particle diameter increased from 2 to 50 nm. The results provide information on the composition of nucleated aerosol particles during their growth in the presence of various combinations of sulphuric acid, ammonia, dimethylamine and organic oxidation products.
Parameterizing radiative transfer to convert MAX-DOAS dSCDs into near-surface box-averaged mixing ratios
Authors: Sinreich R. , Merten A. , Molina L. , Volkamer R.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We present a novel parameterization method to convert multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) differential slant column densities (dSCDs) into near-surface box-averaged volume mixing ratios. The approach is applicable inside the planetary boundary layer under conditions with significant aerosol load, and builds on the increased sensitivity of MAX-DOAS near the instrument altitude. It parameterizes radiative transfer model calculations and significantly reduces the computational effort, while retrieving ~ 1 degree of freedom. The biggest benefit of this method is that the retrieval of an aerosol profile, which usually is necessary for deriving a trace gas concentration from MAX-DOAS dSCDs, is not needed. The method is applied to NO2 MAX-DOAS dSCDs recorded during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area 2006 (MCMA-2006) measurement campaign. The retrieved volume mixing ratios of two elevation angles (1° and 3°) are compared to volume mixing ratios measured by two long-path (LP)-DOAS instruments located at the same site. Measurements are found to agree well during times when vertical mixing is expected to be strong. However, inhomogeneities in the air mass above Mexico City can be detected by exploiting the different horizontal and vertical dimensions probed by the MAX-DOAS and LP-DOAS instruments. In particular, a vertical gradient in NO2 close to the ground can be observed in the afternoon, and is attributed to reduced mixing coupled with near-surface emission inside street canyons. The existence of a vertical gradient in the lower 250 m during parts of the day shows the general challenge of sampling the boundary layer in a representative way, and emphasizes the need of vertically resolved measurements.
A cloud-to-ground lightning climatology for north-eastern Italy
Authors: Feudale L. , Manzato A. , Micheletti S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This study analyzes the spatial distribution and temporal characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightnings (C2G) in the North East of Italy and the neighboring areas of Austria, Slovenia and Croatia. The dataset consists of about 6.5 millions C2G flash records, both positive and negative, observed between January 1995 and December 2011 by the "Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano-Sistema Italiano Rilevamento Fulmini'' (CESI/SIRF), part of the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) Network. The results show that C2G lightnings concentrate in the foothill regions on the southern flank of the Eastern Alps with a maximum of discharge frequency of 10 lightnings per km2 per year. The number of C2G strokes varies with the period of the year: the most active period for lightning starts in April and lasts through November with the highest number of C2G strokes happening during the summer months of July and August, with maximum spatial density slightly moving from the mountain to the coastal area. The least frequency of C2G strokes is observed during wintertime. The mean diurnal C2G lightning activity for the whole domain shows a peak around 16:00–17:00 UTC and reaches a minimum around 07:00–09:00 UTC; the mean spatial distribution follows different patterns depending on the period of the day.
A graph-theoretic approach to sparse matrix inversion for implicit differential algebraic equations
Authors: Yoshimura H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In this paper, we propose an efficient numerical scheme to compute sparse matrix inversions for Implicit Differential Algebraic Equations of large-scale nonlinear mechanical systems. We first formulate mechanical systems with constraints by Dirac structures and associated Lagrangian systems. Second, we show how to allocate input-output relations to the variables in kinematical and dynamical relations appearing in DAEs by introducing an oriented bipartite graph. Then, we also show that the matrix inversion of Jacobian matrix associated to the kinematical and dynamical relations can be carried out by using the input-output relations and we explain solvability of the sparse Jacobian matrix inversion by using the bipartite graph. Finally, we propose an efficient symbolic generation algorithm to compute the sparse matrix inversion of the Jacobian matrix, and we demonstrate the validity in numerical efficiency by an example of the stanford manipulator.
Introduction: From Nauchnaia Fantastika to Post-Soviet Dystopia
Authors: Forrester Sibelan , Howell Yvonne
Published: June 2013

Science fiction is the genre that links our lives to the future: the faster the pace of scientific and technological advancement, the greater our awareness of what István Csicsery-Ronay called “the science-fictionality” of everyday life. The more we feel the effect of scientific and technological change on global flows of economic, social, and cultural exchange (not to mention the blurring of biological and environmental boundaries), the more we are drawn to a literature that Boris Strugatskii identified as “a description of the future, whose tentacles already reach into the present.“ It is hardly surprising that scholarly interest in Russian and Soviet science fiction has been growing in recent years, with an expanding roster of roundtables and panels exploring the topic at professional conferences. Why talk about Soviet science fiction? As the articles in this special thematic cluster suggest, science fiction functions more as a field of intersecting discourses than as a clearly delineated genre: for readers of Slavic Review, it is a genre that foregrounds the interdisciplinary connections between the history of Soviet science and technology, political and economic development, and social and literary history. Science fiction, in short, offers a way to read the history of the future, with texts selfconsciously oriented toward distant spatial and temporal horizons, even as they point insistently back to the foundational factors shaping the vectors of a society's collective imagination.
One Billion Years after the End of the World: Historical Deadlock, Contemporary Dystopia, and the Continuing Legacy of the Strugatskii Brothers
Authors: Khagi Sofya
Published: June 2013

The importance of Arkadii and Boris Strugatskii in Soviet science fiction has been thoroughly examined. A less-explored question concerns how they have continued to inspire post-Soviet authors who muse on an environment that differs drastically from the one that gave rise to their works. Sofya Khagi explores how prominent contemporary writers—Garros-Evdokimov (Aleksandr Garros and Aleksei Evdokimov), Dmitrii Bykov, and Viktor Pelevin—examine the Strugatskiis to dramatize their own darker visions of modernization, progress, and morality. They continue the tradition of science fiction as social critique—in this case, a critique of society after the collapse of socialist ideology with its modernizing projects of historical progress, technological development, and social improvement. According to their parables a contrario to the Strugatskiis, the dreams of modernity embodied by the classics of Soviet fantastika have been shattered but not replaced by a viable alternative social scenario. As they converse with their predecessors, contemporary writers examine stagnation, not just in post-Soviet Russia, but in global, postmodern, commodified reality.
Stories States Tell: Identity, Narrative, and Human Rights in the Balkans
Authors: Subotić Jelena
Published: June 2013

Jelena Subotić explores how the states of the Balkans construct their “autobiographies“—stories about themselves—and how these stories influence their contemporary political choices. By understanding where states’ narratives about themselves—stories of their past, their historical purpose, their role in the international system—come from, we can more fully explain contemporary state behavior that to outsiders may seem irrational, self-defeating, or simply, inexplicable. Subotić specifically addresses ways in which states of the western Balkans have built their state narratives around the issue of human rights. She explores, first, how a particular narrative of state and national identity produced—or made locally comprehensible—massive human rights abuses. She then analyzes why contemporary identity narratives make postconflict human rights policies very difficult to institutionalize. The article focuses specifically on the human rights discourse, practices, and debates in Serbia and Croatia.