bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of Completely π-Inverse Semirings
Authors: Yu Jianping , Sun Yongli , Li Shizheng , Zhang Yufen
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for a semiring to be a completely π-inverse semiring, and some relevant results are presented. Furthermore, some necessary and sufficient conditions for a semiring to be a completely π-regular semiring or a completely Archimedean semiring are also studied.
OD-Characterization of Certain Finite Groups Having Connected Prime Graphs
Authors: Moghaddamfar A. R. , Zokayi A. R.
Published: February 2014

The degree pattern of a finite group G denoted by D(G) was introduced in [5]. We say that G is k-fold OD-characterizable if there exist exactly k non-isomorphic finite groups having the same order and same degree pattern as G. In the present article, we show that the alternating group A10 and the automorphism group Aut (McL) are 2-fold OD-characterizable, while the automorphism group Aut (J2) is 3-fold OD-characterizable and the symmetric group S10 is 8-fold OD-characterizable. It is worth mentioning that the prime graphs associated to these groups are connected and, in fact, among the groups with this property, they are the first groups which are investigated for OD-characterizability.
Matlis Duality and Finiteness Properties of Generalized Local Cohomology Modules
Authors: Saremi Hero
Published: February 2014

Let [Formula: see text] be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian local ring [Formula: see text] and M, N be two finitely generated R-modules such that M is of finite projective dimension n. Let t be a positive integer. We show that if there exists a regular sequence [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and the i-th local cohomology module [Formula: see text] of N with respect to [Formula: see text] is zero for all i > t, then [Formula: see text], where D(-):= Hom R(-,E). Also, we prove that if N is a Cohen-Macaulay R-module of dimension d, then the generalized local cohomology module [Formula: see text] is co-Cohen-Macaulay of Noetherian dimension d. Finally, with an elementary proof, we show that [Formula: see text] is finite.
On the Artinianness of Graded Local Cohomology Modules
Authors: Chu Lizhong
Published: February 2014

Let R = ⨁n≥ 0 Rn be a homogeneous noetherian ring with local base ring [Formula: see text], and N a finitely generated graded R-module. Let [Formula: see text] be the i-th local cohomology module of N with respect to R+ := ⨁n > 0 Rn. Let t be the largest integer such that [Formula: see text] is not minimax. We prove that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-coartinian for any i > t, and [Formula: see text] is artinian. Let s be the first integer such that [Formula: see text] is not minimax. We show that for any i ≤ s, the graded module [Formula: see text] is artinian.
On Commutator Length and Square Length of the Wreath Product of a Group by a Finitely Generated Abelian Group
Authors: Akhavan-Malayeri Mehri
Published: February 2014

Let W = G ≀ H be the wreath product of G by an n-generator abelian group H. We prove that every element of W′ is a product of at most n+2 commutators, and every element of W2 is a product of at most 3n+4 squares in W. This generalizes our previous result.
Asymptotic Sequences over Ideals and Projectively Equivalent Ideals with Respect to Modules
Authors: Naghipour Reza , Sedghi Monireh
Published: February 2014

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, and let N be a non-zero finitely generated R-module. The purpose of this paper is to show that if I and J are projectively equivalent ideals with respect to N, then a sequence x := x1,…,xn of elements of R is an asymptotic sequence over I with respect to N if and only if it is an asymptotic sequence over J with respect to N. Also, it is shown that if R is local, then the lengths of all maximal asymptotic sequences over an ideal I with respect to N are the same. As a consequence, we derive a generalization of Rees' theorem [23].
Integral Hecke Algebras for Finite Generalized Polygons
Authors: Hacıoglu İlhan
Published: February 2014

Suppose that (P,B,F) is a triple consisting of the points, blocks and flags of a generalized m-gon, and H(F) the associated rank-2 Iwahori–Hecke algebra. H(F) acts naturally on the integral standard module ZF based on F. This work gives arithmetic conditions on a subring R, where R contains the integers and is contained in the rationals, that insure the associated R-ary Iwahori–Hecke algebra to be completely reducible on RF. The constituent multiplicities are related to the R-normal form of the incidence matrix of (P,B,F).
Power-serieswise McCoy Rings
Authors: Yang Shizhou , Song Xuemei , Liu Zhongkui
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we introduce power-serieswise McCoy rings, which are a generalization of power-serieswise Armendariz rings, and investigate their properties. We show that a ring R is power-serieswise McCoy if and only if the ring consisting of n × n upper triangular matrices with equal diagonal entries over R is power-serieswise McCoy. We also prove that a direct product of rings is power-serieswise McCoy if and only if each of its factors is power-serieswise McCoy. Meanwhile we show that power-serieswise McCoy rings may be neither semi-commutative nor power-serieswise Armendariz.
Upper and Lower Periodic Subsets of Semigroups
Authors: Hooshmand M. H.
Published: February 2014

In this paper, a new topic about a vast class of subsets of semigroups and binary systems, which contains all ideals, periodic subsets and sub-semigroups, is introduced and studied. In fact, the “upper periodic subsets” can be considered as a generalization of the conception “ideals”. We prove a fundamental theorem which states that if A is a (left) upper B-periodic subset of a semigroup S, then under some conditions, it has a unique direct representation [Formula: see text], where B1=B ∪ {1} and B ⊆ 𝔅 ≤ S. Especially, we prove a unique direct representation for upper and lower T-periodic subsets, and classify all sub-semigroups of S containing a fixed element T to three classes. This classification gives us more interesting properties for the real semigroups. At last, we characterize upper and lower T-periodic subsets of semigroups and groups.
On a Sufficient Condition to Attain Minimum Square Distance in Euclidean Codes
Authors: Jain Sapna
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we first obtain a sufficient condition for a linear code to have minimum square Euclidean distance at least d2. Using this condition, we then obtain a sufficient lower bound for random error correction and a bound on the maximum dimension k of Euclidean codes having minimum square distance at least d2.
Amalgams vs Yamamura's HNN-Extensions of Inverse Semigroups
Authors: Cherubini Alessandra , Rodaro Emanuele
Published: February 2014

We investigate the connections between amalgams and Yamamura's HNN-extensions of inverse semigroups. In particular, we prove that amalgams of inverse semigroups with an identity adjoint are quotient semigroups of some special Yamamura's HNN-extensions. As a consequence, we show how to obtain the Schützenberger graph of a word w with respect to the presentation of an amalgamated free product starting from the Schützenberger graph of a suitable word w′ with respect to the presentation of the associated HNN-extension by simply making V-quotients and deletions of edges.
More on the OD-Characterizability of a Finite Group
Authors: Moghaddamfar A. R. , Rahbariyan S.
Published: February 2014

The degree pattern of a finite group G was introduced in [10]. We say that G is k-fold OD-characterizable if there exist exactly k non-isomorphic finite groups with the same order and same degree pattern as G. When a group G is 1-fold OD-characterizable, we simply call it OD-characterizable. In recent years, a number of authors attempt to characterize finite groups by their order and degree pattern. In this article, we first show that for the primes p=53, 61, 67, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, the alternating groups Ap+3 are OD-characterizable, while the symmetric groups Sp+3 are 3-fold OD-characterizable. Next, we show that the automorphism groups Aut (O7(3)) and Aut (S6(3)) are 6-fold OD-characterizable. It is worth mentioning that the prime graphs associated with all these groups are connected.
On S-Quasinormal and C-Normal Subgroups of Prime Power Order in Finite Groups
Authors: He Xuanli , Li Shirong , Liu Xiaochun
Published: February 2014

Let G be a finite group, p the smallest prime dividing the order of G, and P a Sylow p-subgroup of G with the smallest generator number d. Consider a set [Formula: see text] of maximal subgroups of P such that [Formula: see text]. It is shown that if every member [Formula: see text] of is either S-quasinormally embedded or C-normal in G, then G is p-nilpotent. As its applications, some further results are obtained.
A Note on Minimal Prime Divisors of an Ideal
Authors: Bahmanpour Kamal , Khojali Ahmad , Naghipour Reza
Published: February 2014

We explore several equivalent conditions for finiteness of the set of minimal prime divisors of an ideal and conclude the results of Anderson, Gilmer and Heinzer as especial cases. It is proved that in the ring of polynomials K[X], in which K is a Noetherian ring and X a (possibly infinite) set of indeterminates over K, these conditions are necessary and sufficient. In particular, it is proved that in K[X], an ideal has a finite number of minimal prime divisors if and only if all its minimal prime divisors have finite height. The same results are proved for the derived normal ring of a Noetherian integral domain and the quotient ring K[X]/I, in which I is generated by a K[X]-regular sequence of finite length. We also give a counterexample to show that the conditions of Anderson, Gilmer and Heinzer are not sufficient.
On Mixed Abelian Groups Modulo Finite Subgroups
Authors: Danchev Peter
Published: February 2014

We find classes [Formula: see text] of mixed Abelian groups which satisfy the property that [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text], whenever F ≤ A is a finite subgroup.
On H-Supplemented Modules
Authors: Keskin Tütüncü Derya , Nematollahi Mohammad Javad , Talebi Yahya
Published: February 2014

Let [Formula: see text]be a finite direct sum of modules. We prove: (i) If Mi is radical Mj-projective for all j > i and each Mi is H-supplemented, then M is H-supplemented. (ii) If all the Mi are relatively projective and N is H-supplemented, then each Mi is H-supplemented.

Let ρ be the preradical for a cohereditary torsion theory. Let M be a module such that ρ (M) has a unique coclosure and every direct summand of ρ (M) has a coclosure in M. Then M is H-supplemented if and only if there exists a decomposition M=M1⊕M2 such that M2 ⊆ ρ(M), ρ(M)/M2 ≪ M/M2, and M1, M2 are H-supplemented.
Betti Numbers of Transversal Monomial Ideals
Authors: Zaare-Nahandi Rahim
Published: February 2014

In this paper, by a modification of a previously constructed minimal free resolution for a transversal monomial ideal, the Betti numbers of this ideal is explicitly computed. For convenient characteristics of the ground field, up to a change of coordinates, the ideal of t-minors of a generic pluri-circulant matrix is a transversal monomial ideal. Using a Gröbner basis for this ideal, it is shown that the initial ideal of a generic pluri-circulant matrix is a stable monomial ideal when the matrix has two square blocks. By means of the Eliahou-Kervaire resolution for stable monomial ideals, the Betti numbers of this initial ideal is computed and it is proved that for some significant values of t, this ideal has the same Betti numbers as the corresponding transversal monomial ideal. The ideals treated in this paper naturally arise in the study of generic singularities of algebraic varieties.
Semicomplete Finite p-Groups
Authors: Attar M. Shabani
Published: February 2014

Let G be a group and G' be its commutator subgroup. An automorphism α of G is called an IA-automorphism if x-1α (x) ∈ G' for each x ∈ G. The set of all IA-automorphisms of G is denoted by IA (G). A group G is called semicomplete if and only if IA (G)= Inn (G), where Inn (G) is the inner automorphism group of G. In this paper we characterize semicomplete finite p-groups of class 2, give some necessary conditions for finite p-groups to be semicomplete, and characterize semicomplete non-abelian groups of orders p4 and p5.
Prime Rings with Generalized Derivations on Right Ideals
Authors: Demir Ç. , Argaç N.
Published: February 2014

Let K be a commutative ring with unit, R be a prime K-algebra with center Z(R), right Utumi quotient ring U and extended centroid C, and I a nonzero right ideal of R. Let g be a nonzero generalized derivation of R and f(X1,…,Xn) a multilinear polynomial over K. If g(f(x1,…,xn)) f(x1,…,xn) ∈ C for all x1,…,xn ∈ I, then either f(x1,…,xn)xn+1 is an identity for I, or char (R)=2 and R satisfies the standard identity s4(x1,…,x4), unless when g(x)=ax+[x,b] for suitable a, b ∈ U and one of the following holds: (i) a, b ∈ C and f(x1,…,xn)2 is central valued on R; (ii) a ∈ C and f(x1,…,xn) is central valued on R; (iii) aI=0 and [f(x1,…,xn), xn+1]xn+2 is an identity for I; (iv) aI=0 and (b-β)I=0 for some β ∈ C.
Polynomial Elements in Canonical Basis B with Two-dimensional Support for Type A4 (I)
Authors: Li Xiaochao , Hu Yuwang
Published: February 2014

All 62 monomial elements and 144 polynomial elements with one-dimensional support in the canonical basis B of the quantum group for type A4 have been determined in [5] and [4], respectively. It is conjectured in [4] that there are other polynomial elements in B with two- or three-dimensional support. In this paper, we compute 50 polynomial elements with two-dimensional support of different-exponent type and 62 polynomial elements with two-dimensional support of same-exponent type in the canonical basis B of the quantum group for type A4.
Generalized Stable Rings and Regularity
Authors: Chen Huanyin
Published: February 2014

We prove in this article that the generalized stable property is invariant under Morita contexts. Further, we show that many classes of square matrices over generalized stable regular rings admit a diagonal reduction. Related examples are constructed as well.
Real Moment Map and Hyperkähler Geometry Techniques: The Cotangent Bundle to the 2-Sphere and SL(2, ℂ)-Adjoint Orbits
Authors: Bremigan Ralph J.
Published: February 2014

Going back to Kirwan and others, there is an established theory that uses moment map techniques to study actions by complex reductive groups on Kähler manifolds. Work of P. Heinzner, G. Schwarz, and H. Stötzel has extended this theory to actions by real reductive groups. In this paper, we apply these techniques to actions of the real group SU(1,1) ⊂ SL(2, ℂ) on a certain complex manifold of dimension two. More precisely, because of the SU(2)-invariant hyperkähler structure on this manifold, we are able to study a family of actions which includes and “interpolates” two well-known actions of SL(2, ℂ): the adjoint action on the orbit of a semisimple element of 𝔰𝔩(2, ℂ), and the action of SL(2, ℂ) on the cotangent bundle of the flag variety of SL(2, ℂ).
The Zero Curvature Form of Integrable Hierarchies in the ℤ × ℤ-Matrices
Authors: Helminck G. F. , Opimakh A. V.
Published: February 2014

In this paper it is shown how one can associate to a finite number of commuting directions in the Lie algebra of upper triangular ℤ × ℤ-matrices an integrable hierarchy consisting of a set of evolution equations for perturbations of the basic directions inside the mentioned Lie algebra. They amount to a tower of differential and difference equations for the coefficients of these perturbed matrices.

The equations of the hierarchy are conveniently formulated in so-called Lax equations for these perturbations. They possess a minimal realization for which it is shown that the relevant evolutions of the perturbation commute.

These Lax equations are shown in a purely algebraic way to be equivalent with zero curvature equations for a collection of finite band matrices, that are the components of a formal connection form. One concludes with the linearization of the hierarchies and the notion of wave matrices at zero, which is the algebraic substitute for a basis of the horizontal sections of the formal connection corresponding to this connection form.
Quiver Hecke Algebras and 2-Lie Algebras
Authors: Rouquier Raphaël
Published: February 2014

We provide an introduction to the 2-representation theory of Kac-Moody algebras, starting with basic properties of nil Hecke algebras and quiver Hecke algebras, and continuing with the resulting monoidal categories, which have a geometric description via quiver varieties, in certain cases. We present basic properties of 2-representations and describe simple 2-representations, via cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras, and through microlocalized quiver varieties.
On the Norm and Wielandt Series in Finite Groups
Authors: Guo Xiuyun , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: February 2014

The norm N(G) of a group G is the intersection of the normalizes of all the subgroups of G. A group is called capable if it is a central factor group. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a capable group to satisfy N(G)=ζ(G), and then some sufficient conditions for a capable group with N(G)=ζ(G) are obtained. Furthermore, we discuss the norm of a nilpotent group with cyclic derived subgroup.
A Generalized Brauer Induction Theorem and Its Converse
Authors: Chen Gang
Published: February 2014

Let G be a finite group, S a unitary subring of the complex number field ℂ and R(G) the character ring of G. Let π be the set of rational prime numbers whose inverses do not belong to S. Denote the family of all p-elementary subgroups of G by W(π), where p runs over π. It is proved that, in the sense of conjugation, W(π) is the least family [Formula: see text] of subgroups of G such that the S-linear map [Formula: see text] is surjective.
Decompositions of Linear Transformations over Division Rings
Authors: Chen Huanyin
Published: February 2014

Let V be a countably generated right vector space over a division ring D. If |D| ≠ 2,3, then for any γ ∈ End D(V), there exist α, β ∈ Aut D(V) such that γ-α, γ-α-1, γ2-β2 ∈ Aut D(V).
ZCn Rings and ZIn Rings
Authors: Wang Zhanping , Wang Limin
Published: February 2014

It is well known that the m × m upper triangular matrix ring over any ring is not ZIn (and so not ZCn) for m ≥ 2. In this paper, we find some ZCn subrings and ZIn subrings of the upper triangular matrix ring over a reduced ring.
Isomorphism Theorems for Soft Rings
Authors: Liu Xianping , Xiang Dajing , Zhan Jianming , Shum K. P.
Published: February 2014

The concepts of soft rings and idealistic soft rings are introduced. Three basic isomorphism theorems for soft rings are established, and consequently, some properties of soft rings and idealistic soft rings are given.
Toric Ideals Generated by Circuits
Authors: Martínez-Bernal José , Villarreal Rafael H.
Published: February 2014

Let [Formula: see text] be the toric ideal of a homogeneous normal configuration [Formula: see text]. We prove that [Formula: see text] is generated by circuits if and only if each unbalanced circuit of [Formula: see text] has a connector which is a linear combination of circuits with a square-free term. In particular, if each circuit of [Formula: see text] with non-square-free terms is balanced, then [Formula: see text] is generated by circuits. As a consequence, we prove that the toric ideal of a normal edge subring of a multigraph is generated by circuits with a square-free term.
On the Arithmetical Rank of the Edge Ideals of Some Graphs
Authors: Mohammadi Fatemeh , Kiani Dariush
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we compute the projective dimension of the edge ideals of graphs consisting of some cycles and lines which are joint in a common vertex. Moreover, we show that for such graphs, the arithmetical rank equals the projective dimension. As an application, we can compute the arithmetical rank for some homogenous monomial ideals.
Gröbner-Shirshov Bases of the Generalized Bruck-Reilly ∗-Extension
Authors: Kocapinar Canan , Karpuz Eylem Güzel , Ateş Firat , Çevik A. Sinan
Published: February 2014

In this paper we first define a presentation for the generalized Bruck-Reilly ∗-extension of a monoid and then we work on its Gröbner-Shirshov bases.
Extended Varshamov-Gilbert-Sacks Bound for Linear Lee Weight Codes
Authors: Jain Sapna , Shum K. P.
Published: February 2014

The Lee weight is more appropriate for some practical situations than the Hamming weight as it takes into account of the magnitude of each digit of the word. In this paper, we obtain a sufficient condition over the number of parity check digits for codes correcting simultaneously random and burst errors with Lee weight consideration. This sufficient condition is an extension of the Varshamov-Gilbert-Sacks bound for codes correcting simultaneously random and burst errors with Lee weight constraint.
Identities with Generalized Derivations on Prime Rings and Banach Algebras
Authors: Carini Luisa , De Filippis Vincenzo
Published: February 2014

Let R be a prime ring, U the Utumi quotient ring of R, C = Z(U) the extended centroid of R, L a non-central Lie ideal of R, and H, G nonzero generalized derivations of R. Suppose that there exists an integer n ≥ 1 such that H(un)un + unG(un) ∈ C for all u ∈ L, then either there exists a ∈ U such that H(x) = xa and G(x) = -ax, or R satisfies the standard identity s4 and one of the following holds: (i) char (R) = 2; (ii) n is even and there exist a′ ∈ U, α ∈ C and derivations d, δ of R such that H(x) = a′ x + d(x) and G(x) = (α-a′)x + δ(x); (iii) n is even and there exist a′ ∈ U and a derivation δ of R such that H(x)=xa′ and G(x) = -a′ x + δ(x); (iv) n is odd and there exist a′, b′ ∈ U and α, β ∈ C such that H(x) = a′ x + x(β-b′) and G(x) = b′ x+x(α-a′); (v) n is odd and there exist α, β ∈ C and a derivation d of R such that H(x) = α x+d(x) and G(x) = β x + d(x); (vi) n is odd and there exist a′ ∈ U and α ∈ C such that H(x) = xa′ and G(x) = (α - a′)x. As an application of this purely algebraic result, we obtain some range inclusion results of continuous or spectrally bounded generalized derivations H and G on Banach algebras R satisfying the condition H(xn)xn + xnG(xn) ∈ rad (R) for all x ∈ R, where rad (R) is the Jacobson radical of R.
The Vertices of a Class of Specht Modules and Simple Modules for Symmetric Groups in Characteristic 2
Authors: Danz Susanne , Erdmann Karin
Published: February 2014

We study Specht modules S(n-2,2) and simple modules D(n-2,2) for symmetric groups 𝔖n of degree n over a field of characteristic 2. In particular, we determine the vertices of these modules, and also provide some information on their sources.
Von Neumann Regular and Related Elements in Commutative Rings
Authors: Anderson David F. , Badawi Ayman
Published: February 2014

Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity. In this paper, we study the von Neumann regular elements of R. We also study the idempotent elements, π-regular elements, the von Neumann local elements, and the clean elements of R. Finally, we investigate the subgraphs of the zero-divisor graph Γ(R) of R induced by the above elements.
A Note on Matrix Completion Problems
Authors: Cravo Glória
Published: February 2014

Matrix completion problems are an important subclass of problems in matrix theory. An important question in matrix completion problems was posed by Oliveira in 1975, where the author proposed the description of the characteristic polynomial of a partitioned matrix of the form A = [Ai,j], i, j ∈ {1,2} (whose entries are in a field and A1,1, A2,2 are square submatrices), when some of the blocks Ai,j are prescribed and the others are unknown. The analysis of this problem gave rise to several subproblems, according to the location of the prescribed submatrices. Many authors have considered this list of subproblems. In this note we provide a new proof of a result obtained by Oliveira inserted in this class of subproblems.
Local Cohomology Modules, Serre Subcategories and Derived Functors of Torsion Functors
Authors: Khashyarmanesh K. , Khosh-Ahang F.
Published: February 2014

In this research, by using filter regular sequences, we obtain some exact sequences of right or left derived functors of local cohomology modules. Then we use them to gain some conditions under which a right or left derived functor of some special functors over local cohomology modules belongs to a Serre subcategory. These results can conclude some generalizations of previous results in this context or regain some of them.
Finite Groups with Few Non-cyclic Subgroups II
Authors: Meng Wei , Lu Jiakuan , Li Shirong
Published: February 2014

For a group G, by δ(G) we denote the number of conjugate classes of the non-cyclic subgroups of G. In this paper, the groups G with δ(G)=3 are classified.
DG-Projective, Injective and Flat Complexes
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Zhongkui
Published: February 2014

In this article, we characterize some rings in terms of the DG-projective, injective and flat complexes. We also give some connections between DG-injective complexes and DG-flat complexes and prove that under some additional conditions, every complex of left R-modules has a DG-flat preenvelope.
BQ-Semigroups of Generalised Linear Transformations
Authors: Sullivan R. P.
Published: February 2014

If V and W are vector spaces over the same field, we let T(V,W) denote the set of all linear transformations from V into W. In addition, if θ ∈ T(W,V), we define a “sandwich operation” ∗ on T(V,W) by α ∗ β=α θ β for all α, β ∈ T(V,W). Then (T(V,W),∗) is a semigroup of so-called generalised linear transformations, which we denote by T(V,W,θ). A simple result for abstract semigroups shows that T(V,W,θ) belongs to the class BQ of all semigroups whose sets of bi-ideals and quasi-ideals coincide. In recent work, Mendes-Gonçalves and Sullivan examined the same problem for subsemigroups S of T(V,V, idV) for which the dimension (or codimension) of the kernel (or the range) of each α ∈ S is bounded by a fixed cardinal. Here we extend that work to certain subsemigroups of T(V,W,θ) where V ≠ W.
J-Regular Rings with Injectivities
Authors: Shen Liang
Published: February 2014

Let R be a J-regular ring, i.e., R/J(R) is a von Neumann regular ring, where J(R) is the Jacobson radical of R. It is proved: (i) For every n ≥ 1, R is right n-injective if and only if every homomorphism from an n-generated small right ideal of R to RR can be extended to one from RR to RR. (ii) R is right FP-injective if and only if R is right (J,R)-FP-injective. Some known results are improved.
Finite Groups with ℋ-Subgroups
Authors: Shen Zhencai , Du Ni
Published: February 2014

Let [Formula: see text] be a saturated formation containing [Formula: see text], and G be a finite group. Li etc. proposed a problem: whether there is a normality such that the following two statements are equivalent: (i) [Formula: see text]. (ii) There exists a normal subgroup H of G such that [Formula: see text] and for each Sylow subgroup P of F*(H), every member in some [Formula: see text] satisfies the above normality in G. In this paper, we find a normality satisfying the above problem. Moreover, by using the concept of ℋ-subgroups, we obtain other results about the influence of the members of some fixed [Formula: see text] on the structure of G.
Principal Congruences on S1-Algebras
Authors: Fang Jie , Sun Zhongju
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we extend the result of Blyth and Varlet on those Stone algebras that have only principal congruences to the class of S1-algebras. We show that an S1-algebra has this property if and only if it is finite, the determination congruence is principal, and every determination class has the same property.
Automorphisms of a Family of Cubic Graphs
Authors: Zhou Jin-Xin , Ghasemi Mohsen
Published: February 2014

A Cayley graph Cay (G,S) on a group G with respect to a Cayley subset S is said to be normal if the right regular representation R(G) of G is normal in the full automorphism group of Cay (G,S). For a positive integer n, let Γn be a graph with vertex set {xi,yi|i ∈ ℤ2n} and edge set {{xi,xi+1}, {yi,yi+1}, {x2i,y2i+1}, {y2i,x2i+1}|i ∈ ℤ2n}. In this paper, it is shown that Γn is a Cayley graph and its full automorphism group is isomorphic to [Formula: see text] for n=2, and to [Formula: see text] for n > 2. Furthermore, we determine all pairs of G and S such that Γn= Cay (G,S) is non-normal for G. Using this, all connected cubic non-normal Cayley graphs of order 8p are constructed explicitly for each prime p.
Stability of Gorenstein Classes of Modules
Authors: Bouchiba Samir
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this paper is to give, via totally different techniques, an alternate proof to the main theorem of [18] in the category of modules over an arbitrary ring R. In effect, we prove that this theorem follows from establishing a sequence of equalities between specific classes of R-modules. Actually, we tackle the following natural question: What notion emerges when iterating the very process applied to build the Gorenstein projective and Gorenstein injective modules from complete resolutions? In other words, given an exact sequence of Gorenstein injective R-modules G= ⋯ → G1→ G0→ G-1→ ⋯ such that the complex Hom R(H,G) is exact for each Gorenstein injective R-module H, is the module Im (G0→ G-1) Gorenstein injective? We settle such a question in the affirmative and the dual result for the Gorenstein projective modules follows easily via a similar treatment to that used in this paper. As an application, we provide the Gorenstein versions of the change of rings theorems for injective modules over an arbitrary ring.
AN INTERPOLATING LOCAL PETROV–GALERKIN METHOD FOR POTENTIAL PROBLEMS
Authors: CHEN L. , LIU C. , MA H. P. , CHENG Y. M.
Published: February 2014

In this paper, based on the moving Kriging interpolation (MKI), the meshless interpolating local Petrov–Galerkin (ILPG) method is presented to solve two- and three-dimensional potential problems. In the present method, the shape function constructed by the MKI has the property of the Kronecker δ function. Then in the ILPG method the essential boundary conditions can be implemented directly. The discrete equations are obtained using the local symmetric weak form. The Heaviside step function is used as the test function in each sub-domain to avoid some domain integral in the symmetric weak form, which will greatly improve the effectiveness of the present method. The ILPG method in this paper is a truly meshless method, which does not require a mesh either for obtaining shape function or for numerical integration in the local weak form. Several numerical examples of potential problems show that the ILPG method has higher computational efficiency and convergence rate than the MLPG method.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A inhibition alters physiopathology and immune responses in a “humanized” transgenic mouse model of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Imam Shahnawaz , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Jaume Juan C.
Published: February 2014

Therapeutic options for treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are still missing. New avenues for immune modulation need to be developed. Here we attempted at altering the diabetes outcome of our humanized model of T1D by inhibiting translation-initiation factor eIF5A hypusination in vivo. Double-transgenic (DQ8-GAD65) mice were immunized with adenoviral vectors carrying GAD65 for diabetes induction. Animals were subsequently treated with deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) inhibitor GC7 and monitored for diabetes development over time. On one hand, helper CD4+T cells were clearly affected by the downregulation of the eIF5A not just at the pancreas level but overall. On the other hand, the T regulatory cell component of CD4 responded with activation and proliferation significantly higher than in the non-GC7-treated controls. Female mice seemed to be more susceptible to these effects. All together, our results show for the first time that downregulation of eIF5A through inhibition of DHS altered the physiopathology and observed immune outcome of diabetes in an animal model that closely resembles human T1D. Although the development of diabetes could not be abrogated by DHS inhibition, the immunomodulatory capacity of this approach may supplement other interventions directed at increasing regulation of autoreactive T cells in T1D.
Impact of embryo number and maternal undernutrition around the time of conception on insulin signaling and gluconeogenic factors and microRNAs in the liver of fetal sheep
Authors: Lie Shervi , Morrison Janna L. , Williams-Wyss Olivia , Suter Catherine M. , Humphreys David T. , Ozanne Susan E. , Zhang Song , MacLaughlin Severence M. , Kleemann David O. , Walker Simon K. , Roberts Claire T. , McMillen I. Caroline
Published: February 2014

This study aimed to determine whether exposure of the oocyte and/or embryo to maternal undernutrition results in the later programming of insulin action in the liver and factors regulating gluconeogenesis. To do this, we collect livers from singleton and twin fetal sheep that were exposed to periconceptional (PCUN; −60 to 7 days) or preimplantation (PIUN; 0–7 days) undernutrition at 136–138 days of gestation (term = 150 days). The mRNA and protein abundance of insulin signaling and gluconeogenic factors were then quantified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and global microRNA expression was quantified using deep sequencing methodology. We found that hepatic PEPCK-C mRNA ( P < 0.01) and protein abundance and the protein abundance of IRS-1 ( P < 0.01), p110β ( P < 0.05), PTEN ( P < 0.05), CREB ( P < 0.01), and pCREB (Ser133; P < 0.05) were decreased in the PCUN and PIUN singletons. In contrast, hepatic protein abundance of IRS-1 ( P < 0.01), p85 ( P < 0.01), p110β ( P < 0.001), PTEN ( P < 0.01), Akt2 ( P < 0.01), p-Akt (Ser473; P < 0.01), and p-FOXO-1 (Thr24) ( P < 0.01) was increased in twins. There was a decrease in PEPCK-C mRNA ( P < 0.01) but, paradoxically, an increase in PEPCK-C protein ( P < 0.001) in twins. Both PCUN and PIUN altered the hepatic expression of 23 specific microRNAs. We propose that the differential impact of maternal undernutrition in the presence of one or two embryos on mRNAs and proteins involved in the insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis is explained by changes in the expression of a suite of specific candidate microRNAs.
Exploration on Bioflocculation ofNannochloropsis oculataUsing Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Surendhiran Duraiarasan , Vijay Mani
Published: February 2014

Harvesting of algal biomass in biodiesel production involves high energy input and cost incurred process. In order to overcome these problems, bioflocculation process was employed and the efficiency of this process was further improved by the addition of a cationic inducer. In this work marineBacillus subtiliswas used for bioflocculation ofNannochloropsis oculataand ZnCl2as cationic inducer. This study worked under the principle of divalent cationic bridging (DCB) theory. Under temperature stress and high pH, the bacterium produced exopolysaccharide that bound with microalgaNannochloropsis oculataand flocculated them. A maximum efficiency of 95.43% was observed with the optimised RSM parameters—temperature 30.78°C, pH 10.8, flocculation time 6.7 h, bioflocculant size 0.38 mL, and cationic inducer concentration 0.035 mM. The present investigation focused on the cost effective harvesting of microalga on a larger scale for biodiesel production than using toxic, ecofriendly chemical flocculants.
Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components with Psychological Distress
Authors: Roohafza Hamidreza , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Naghnaeian Mina , Shokouh Pedram , Ahmadi Abdollah , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: February 2014

Background.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychological distress are hypothesized to have a bidirectional relationship. According to their high prevalence in most populations, appraisal of this theory would be of great clinical and research interest.Methods.Data were available as part of the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). A total of 9553 men and women aged ≥19 years from three counties in central Iran were selected. Measurements consisted of serologic tests, anthropometrics, and self-reported 12-item general health questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the association between MetS, MetS components, and distress level.Results.The mean age of 9553 participants (50% male) was 38.7 ± 15.8 years. After adjusting for demographic factors, MetS (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01–1.37), central obesity (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15–1.49), and hypertension (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.42–1.70) were associated with high distress level. However, after adding smoking status and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to the adjustment factors, hypertension (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.53–1.98) and central obesity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17–1.55), but not the MetS, remained significantly associated with distress level.Conclusion.The presence of association between the MetS as well as its key components and high distress level signifies the importance of integrating psychological assessment and intervention in the standard management of MetS patients.
Emotional Working Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mammarella Nicola , Fairfield Beth
Published: February 2014

A number of recent studies have reported that working memory does not seem to show typical age-related deficits in healthy older adults when emotional information is involved. Differently, studies about the short-term ability to encode and actively manipulate emotional information in dementia of Alzheimer’s type are few and have yielded mixed results. Here, we review behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that points to a complex interaction between emotion modulation and working memory in Alzheimer’s. In fact, depending on the function involved, patients may or may not show an emotional benefit in their working memory performance. In addition, this benefit is not always clearly biased (e.g., towards negative or positive information). We interpret this complex pattern of results as a consequence of the interaction between multiple factors including the severity of Alzheimer’s disease, the nature of affective stimuli, and type of working memory task.
Subacute Histoplasmosis with Focal Involvement of the Epiglottis: Importance of Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Ahumada F. , Pérez D. , de Górgolas M. , Álvarez B. , Ríos A. , Sánchez A. , Villacampa JM.
Published: February 2014

Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. In Spain, it is the most common imported endemic mycosis appearing in the literature, and its incidence is on the rise. Proper differential diagnosis of the disease must be taken into consideration by otorhinolaryngologists, as the clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis may simulate more prevalent diseases such as cancer or tuberculosis. We present the case of a Spanish patient with focal involvement of the larynx and offer a review of the relevant literature.
Theoretical Analysis and Characterization of Multi-Islands Single-Electron Devices with Applications
Authors: Touati Amine , Chatbouri Samir , Sghaier Nabil , Kalboussi Adel
Published: February 2014

A two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) multiple-tunnel junctions array is investigated. Device structure and electrical characteristics are described. We present a comparison of carriers transport through devices based on polymetallic grains based on master equation and the orthodox theory. The Coulomb blockade effect of 2D and 3D arrays is observed at low and high temperatures. The conduction mechanism is handled by the tunnel effect, and we adopt in addition the thermionic and Fowler-Nordheim emissions. Numerical simulation results focused on flash-memory and photodetector applications. Memory characteristics such as program/erase select gate operation are demonstrated in 2D devices. Also 3D array scheme is discussed for the high-density NCs scalable for photodetector application.
Optimal Control of Diesel Engines: Numerical Methods, Applications, and Experimental Validation
Authors: Asprion Jonas , Chinellato Oscar , Guzzella Lino
Published: February 2014

In response to the increasingly stringent emission regulations and a demand for ever lower fuel consumption, diesel engines have
become complex systems. The exploitation of any leftover potential during transient operation is crucial. However, even an experienced calibration engineer cannot conceive all the dynamic cross couplings between the many actuators. Therefore, a highly iterative procedure is required to obtain a single engine calibration, which in turn causes a high demand for test‐bench time. Physics‐based mathematical models and a dynamic optimisation are the tools to alleviate this dilemma. This paper presents the methods required to implement such an approach. The optimisation‐oriented modelling of diesel engines is summarised, and the numerical methods required to solve the corresponding large‐scale optimal control problems are presented. The resulting optimal control input trajectories over long driving profiles are shown to provide enough information to allow conclusions to be drawn for causal control strategies. Ways of utilising this data are illustrated, which indicate that a fully automated dynamic calibration of the engine control unit is conceivable. An experimental validation demonstrates the meaningfulness of these results. The measurement results show that the optimisation predicts the reduction of the fuel consumption and the cumulative pollutant emissions with a relative error of around 10% on highly transient driving cycles.
On Sufficient Conditions for the Existence of Past-Present-Future Dependent Fixed Point in the Razumikhin Class and Application
Authors: Kutbi Marwan Amin , Sintunavarat Wutiphol
Published: February 2014

We introduce the new type of nonself mapping and study sufficient conditions for the existence of past-present-future (for short PPF) dependent fixed point for such mapping in the Razumikhin class. Also, we apply our result to prove the PPF dependent coincidence point theorems. Finally, we use PPF dependence techniques to obtain solution for a nonlinear integral problem with delay.
Prevalence of Dermatological Presentations of Canine Leishmaniasis in a Nonendemic Area: A Retrospective Study of 100 Dogs
Authors: Perego Roberta , Proverbio Daniela , Bagnagatti De Giorgi Giada , Spada Eva
Published: February 2014

This retrospective study determined the prevalence of dermatological lesions associated with canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in a nonendemic area in Italy. The medical records of 131 dogs with CanL were reviewed and, of these, 115/131 dogs (88%) had dermatological manifestations of which 100/131 dogs (76%) met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-two percent of dogs were male and 38% were female and the mean age was 6.4 years. Thirty-two percent of dogs were mixed breeds; the remainder represented a variety of pure breeds. In 79% of dogs dermatological signs occurred in association with systemic signs of CanL, whilst 21% of dogs had only dermatological manifestations. The most common dermatological manifestation was exfoliative dermatitis (74%), followed by ulcerative (18%) and nodular (11%) lesions. In 51% of dogs the lesions were localized mainly on the pinnae, head, and pressure points; in the remaining 49% lesions were generalized. The only statistically significant association was between Retriever breed and animals with only dermatological signs (P=0.0034, OD 5.97, CI 0.996–37.933). In this study dermatological manifestations of CanL were very commonly reported, and their prevalence is similar to previous studies in endemic areas despite the fact that dogs living in nonendemic areas are not exposed to repeated infectious bites and continuous stimulation of the dermal immune system.
Relevance of a Hypersaline Sodium-Rich Naturally Sparkling Mineral Water to the Protection against Metabolic Syndrome Induction in Fructose-Fed Sprague-Dawley Rats: A Biochemical, Metabolic, and Redox Approach
Authors: Pereira Cidália Dionísio , Severo Milton , Araújo João Ricardo , Guimarães João Tiago , Pestana Diogo , Santos Alejandro , Ferreira Rita , Ascensão António , Magalhães José , Azevedo Isabel , Monteiro Rosário , Martins Maria João
Published: February 2014

The Metabolic Syndrome increases the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Increased fructose consumption and/or mineral deficiency have been associated with Metabolic Syndrome development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks consumption of a hypersaline sodium-rich naturally sparkling mineral water on 10% fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats (Metabolic Syndrome animal model). The ingestion of the mineral water (rich in sodium bicarbonate and with higher potassium, calcium, and magnesium content than the tap water used as control) reduced/prevented not only the fructose-induced increase of heart rate, plasma triacylglycerols, insulin and leptin levels, hepatic catalase activity, and organ weight to body weight ratios (for liver and both kidneys) but also the decrease of hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity and oxidized glutathione content. This mineral-rich water seems to have potential to prevent Metabolic Syndrome induction by fructose. We hypothesize that its regular intake in the context of modern diets, which have a general acidic character interfering with mineral homeostasis and are poor in micronutrients, namely potassium, calcium, and magnesium, could add surplus value and attenuate imbalances, thus contributing to metabolic and redox health and, consequently, decreasing the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Effects of Calcium Lignosulfonate and Silicic Acid on Ammonium Nitrate Degradation
Authors: Gezerman Ahmet Ozan , Çorbacıoglu Burcu Didem
Published: February 2014

Ammonium nitrate salts are the most commonly used nitrogenous fertilizers in industry. However, storage of ammonium nitrate is problematic, since its initial properties can decline because of environmental factors, leading to large economic losses. In this study, in order to prevent the caking and degradation of ammonium nitrate, an alternative composition with additional calcium lignosulfonate and silicic acid was studied. The resulting fertilizer was analyzed by screening analysis, ion chromatography, and electron microscopy methods.
Photoinitiated Polymerization of Cationic Acrylamide in Aqueous Solution: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sludge Dewatering Performance
Authors: Zheng Huaili , Liao Yi , Zheng Meizhen , Zhu Chuanjun , Ji Fangying , Ma Jiangya , Fan Wei
Published: February 2014

A copolymer of acrylamide (AM) with acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) as the cationic monomer was synthesized under the irradiation of high-pressure mercury lamp with 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V-50) as the photoinitiator. The compositions of the photoinduced copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), ultraviolet spectra (UV), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of 6 important factors, that is, photo-initiators concentration, monomers concentration, CO(NH2)2(urea) concentrations, pH value, mass ratio of AM to DAC, and irradiation time on the molecular weight and dissolving time, were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were that the photo-initiators concentration was 0.3%, monomers concentration was 30 wt.%, irradiation time was 60 min, urea concentration was 0.4%, pH value was 5.0, and mass ratio of AM to DAC was 6 : 4. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with activated sludge using jar test. The zeta potential of supernatant at different cationic monomer contents was simultaneously measured. The results demonstrated the superiority of the copolymer over the commercial polyacrylamide as a flocculant.