bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO NA GESTAÇÃO: QUAL A PERCEPÇÃO NA ESPÉCIE EQUINA? - REVISÃO
Authors: Lins Luciana Araujo , Pazinato Fernanda , Curcio Bruna Da Rosa , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Wayne
Published: November 2017

Esta revisão buscou evidências da manifestação de estresse oxidativo na gestação de equinos e consequências no período neonatal. Alterações na perfusão placentária na égua podem ocorrer em estágios tardios de desenvolvimento fetal, resultando em potros com baixo peso ao nascimento ou graus variáveis de imaturidade. Em humanos, o estresse oxidativo está envolvido em situações de hipóxia nas gestações de risco, como pré-eclâmpsia, hipertensão induzida pela gestação ou diabetes mellitus. O aporte de oxigênio durante a gestação é bastante elevado, podendo cursar com a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, além de falha dos mecanismos de proteção antioxidante, o que causa o dano oxidativo. Existem muitas descrições sobre o papel do estresse oxidativo na gestação em humanos e sua relação direta com alterações fetais e neonatais, sendo que no equino este processo ainda não está estabelecido. Éguas gestantes com laminite crônica apresentam síndrome hipertensiva, causando a produção de placentas mais leves e redução da luz vascular, semelhante aos achados observados na placenta de mulheres com hipertensão. Os radicais livres têm sido relacionados com a patogenia da sepse neonatal, baixo peso ao nascer e encefalopatia neonatal em humanos. Estudos em potros demonstraram redução dos mecanismos antioxidantes nos neonatos severamente acometidos clinicamente, mas não revelaram indícios de dano oxidativo instalado. Esta revisão evidenciou que a égua pode apresentar achados de insuficiência placentária tardios, semelhante aos encontrados em mulheres com pré-eclâmpsia, sendo que essas alterações podem estar relacionadas a manifestações de estresse oxidativo durante a gestação.
Heritage of Stanisław Ostrowski - the only one medical doctor who became State Polish President - Patriae Semper Fidelis
Authors: Woltanowska Martyna , Woltanowski Piotr , Wincewicz Andrzej , Woltanowska Magdalena
Published: November 2017

Aim. Our purpose was to write a biography of Stanisław Ostrowski that would address in the first place the medical aspect of his professional life, with a comprehensive approach of others fields of his activity.Methods. We essentially grounded the paper on primary resources that were papers authored by Ostrowski including his scientific publications, memories, speeches as well as contemporaneous official documents that referred to Ostrowski. Second resources were also used to double check some data from primary resources and to place the biography of Stanisław Ostrowski in a proper background with special care to social, professional and political context. In this study, second resources comprised papers, that were prepared after the death of Stanisław Ostrowski.Results. Stanisław Ostrowski, MD was a meticulous military medical doctor with an academic engagement at the King John Casimir University of Lvov. In addition, he was an excellent organizer, who soon got involved in politics to serve the local community with essential projects in public health particularly anti-tuberculosis campaigns in Lvov district. His quiet and proficient nature made him an ideal statesman with incredible skills to reconcile social, national and political enemies. Ostrowski was elected a member of parliament three times. He also held the position of President of the city of Lvov until World War Two. During the war, he was imprisoned and deported to Siberia, Soviet Union, in years 1939-1941. Subsequently he fought against Nazi Germans in the Polish II Corps. Ostrowski survived the war providing medical service in the various military units. Afterwards, he ran his medical practice in the UK. Stanisław Ostrowski was the only dermatologist who became a state president. He held an office of state president of the Polish Republic on exile in London.Discussion and conclusion. His life is not a simple story, but a great lesson that provides clear guidelines how to find a stable ground for lifetime being a medical doctor in the turbulent times of the 20th century even during wartime.
THYMIC CARCINOMA - A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Bansal Nidhi , Roychoudhury Arnav Kr , Dhingra Harshi
Published: November 2017

Introduction. Thymic carcinoma is a rare, invasive mediastinal neoplasm with a tendency to metastasize. They constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors that present differently in terms of both behavior and  prognosis. Case report. We present a case of thymic carcinoma in a 55-year-old male patient known to suffer from Myasthenia gravis, whose chief complaints were fatigability, ptosis and coughing. All electromyography studies were done along with excision biopsy to reach the definitive diagnosis. Results and conclusion. The histopathological diagnosis of Thymic carcinoma-Lymphoepithelial variant was established. Though no definite staging system exists for the thymic carcinoma, prognosis of the patient was ascertained by using Weissferdt-Moran system, Masaoka and Tsuchiya TNM staging systems. Involvement of the pleural and the pericardial structures leads to poor prognosis, though no distant metastases or lymph nodal metastasis were evident.
The 3D laparoscopic approach for radical prostatectomy overcomes the hurdles of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Coman Radu-Tudor , Crisan Nicolae , Andras Iulia , Nicu Bogdan , Bocsan Ioan-Stelian
Published: November 2017

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Mental Health Screening Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Beers Lee S. , Godoy Leandra , John Tamara , Long Melissa , Biel Matthew G. , Anthony Bruno , Mlynarski Laura , Moon Rachel , Weissman Mark
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

In the United States, up to 20% of children experience a mental health (MH) disorder in a given year, many of whom remain untreated. Routine screening during annual well visits is 1 strategy providers can use to identify concerns early and facilitate appropriate intervention. However, many barriers exist to the effective implementation of such screening.

METHODS:

A 15-month quality improvement learning collaborative was designed and implemented to improve screening practices in primary care. Participating practices completed a survey at 3 time points to assess preparedness and ability to promote and support MH issues. Monthly chart reviews were performed to assess the rates of screening at well visits, documentation of screening results, and appropriate coding practices.

RESULTS:

Ten practices (including 107 providers) were active participants for the duration of the project. Screening rates increased from 1% at baseline to 74% by the end of the project. For the 1 practice for which more comprehensive data were available, these screening rates were sustained over time. Documentation of results and appropriate billing for reimbursement mirrored the improvement seen in screening rates.

CONCLUSIONS:

The learning collaborative model can improve MH screening practices in pediatric primary care, an important first step toward early identification of children with concerns. More information is needed about the burden placed on practices and providers to implement these changes. Future research will be needed to determine if improved identification leads to improved access to care and outcomes.
Типологічне різноманіття лісів на водозборі річки Сіверський Донець на території Луганської області
Authors: Bondar O. B. , Tkach L. I. , Chuikova O. O. , Zolotarova A. S.
Published: November 2017

Typological analysis of watershed forests of the Seversky Donets River was carried out on the basis of forest management data with electronic databases of "Ukrderzhlisproekt" Production Association. More than 27 types of forest were analyzed with total size of 228.2 thousand hectares. The classification of forest growth conditions, forest types and tree species on the left and right banks of the Seversky Donets River was done for the Luhansk region. We determined that the forest fund of the Luhansk region consists from the oak forests – 46.4 %, sudubrava – 21.1 %, conifer forest – 17.5 %. The proportion of coniferous forests makes up to 15.0 % of total forest area. We calculated that the area of common oak and common pine is 86.9 and 70.9·103 ha respectively. The following types of forests are prevailing: dry birchbark-marple sudubrava (30.8 %), fresh oak-pine sudubrava (13.1%), dry Tatarian maple sudubrava (12.9%), and fresh pine forest (10.6%). In the forest area of the Luhansk region we registered 70 tree species, of which 19 species – in oak-pine forest; 37 – in conifer forest; 55 – in sudubrava; 59 – in oak forest. By categories of protection the recreation forests (51.7 %) and protective forests (42.0 %) are the dominant. The forests of nature protection, forests of scientific, historical and cultural significance have only 6.4 % from the total forest area. The structure of forests by age groups was: middle-aged forests – 41.3 %, young growths – 17.8 %, ripening forests – 15.5 %, mature forests – 16.7 %, and old growth forests – 13.3 % from total forest area of Luhansk region.
The taxonomic status of Cossus cossus afghanistanus (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from Afghanistan: insights from molecular and morphological data
Authors: Shapoval N. A. , Yakovlev R. V. , Kuftina G. N.
Published: November 2017

In our study we use a 658 bp fragment of the COI gene to analyze a taxon from Afghanistan usually treated in literature as Cossus cossus afghanistanus (Daniel, 1953). The previous conclusions on taxonomy and nomenclature were not supported by molecular data therefore the question of identity of this taxon has remained unverified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed C. c. afghanistanus to be strongly differentiated from nominotypical Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758) (p-distance: 6.7% ± 1.5%). Cossus c. afghanistanus forms a distinct well-supported clade in ML and BI trees. This fact, together with prominent morphological differences (wing color and genitalia structure) shows that C. c. afghanistanus represent a separate species rather than a subspecies of Cossus cossus.
Агроекологічні аспекти просторово-часової динаміки урожайності соняшнику
Authors: Zhukov O. V. , Ponomarenko S. V.
Published: November 2017

Dynamics of sunflower yield in agricultural enterprises in the administrative districts of the Poltava region for the period 1995-2016 have been explored. Agroecological zoning of the Poltava region that is based on dynamic productivity features sunflower have been performed. We founded that sunflower yield fluctuated in the farms of Poltava region from 13.36±1.40 to 21.81±1.89 t/ha within 1995-2016. The lowest level of variation (CV) of sunflower yields during the study period was 28.33% and the highest was 49.03%. The great yield range was caused by spatial variation component. The analysis of sunflower yield revealed clear trends which can be described by the third polynomial order. Specific terms of polynomial curve of the third order can be meaningfully interpreted and applied to describe the dynamics of sunflower yield. The free coefficient of the polynomial reflects the level of sunflower productivity in the starting period. The value of the function at the point of local minimum points to the "bottom" of the dynamics of productivity culture. The maximum productivity reflects a balance between factors of the agroeconomical and agrotechnological nature and also the biological potential of the sunflower. Parameters and special trend point of sunflower yield can be explained by landscape cover diversity indicators, topographic wetness index, erosion factors and their interaction. According to the forecast value of growth rate the study plots were divided into three groups of agriculture environment, namely: with low potential of growth (b <0.044), moderate growth potential (0.044 <b <0.051), and high growth potential (b> 0.051). Sunflower yield variability which is outside the polynomial trend can be described by four multidimensional factors that explained up to 84.9% of variability. These factors were characterized by definite spatial and temporal variability. The most typical oscillation period is 4.4 years and 2.2 years, whereas the longest period was 11 years. We also determined some periods of 5.5 and 7.3 years. We determined some clusters or agro-ecological zones by factor analysis. The highest yield potential of sunflower was registered for agro-ecological zone with disruptive areas in the east of study region. The area with lowest productive capacity was determined for agro-ecological zones in the northwest. We determined the transitional zones concerning the yields characteristic in the center and eastern part of study region.
Ксилотрофні агарикоміцети – антагоністи рідкісного гриба Hericium Coralloides (Scop.) Pers. (Hericiaceae) в культурі
Authors: Pasaylyuk M. V.
Published: November 2017

We established the patterns of growth and type of mutual relations of Hericium сoralloides 2332 culture from PDA with the presence cultures of Fomes fomentarius 1528 and/or Schizophyllum commune 1763. It is established that cultures of F. fomentarius, і S. commune are antagonists to H. сoralloides on the PDA by direct confrontation and consecutive combined cultivation culture method. But, during direct confrontation mycelium of H. сoralloides cultivation with culture F. fomentarius and/or S. commune the inhibition effect was 60-84% on the 10th day of the experiment with stopping growth of H. сoralloides. In the case of consecutive combined cultivation culture method, the inhibition effect was 15-35%. Mycelium of H. сoralloides was growing to contact with antagonists. The obtained results indicate the importance for the growth and survival of H. coralloides mycelia of primary occupation of the nutrient medium in binary and triple compositions. Between H. coralloides and F. fomentarius for direct confrontation the fact of bilateral antagonism is established. For the triple composition of the selected cultures, the phenomenon of additive antagonism is characterized. For cultures of the composition the S. commune + F. fomentarius on the 10th day of the experiment, the fact of equilibrium confrontation was established. In direct confrontation for composition H. coralloides + F. fomentarius colonial characteristic was bilateral growth inhibition at a distance from the formation of inhibition zones. Colonies from binary composition F. fomentarius + S. commune and triple H. coralloides + F. fomentarius + S. commune for direct confrontation growth stopped after contact. For variant H. coralloides + S. commune growth has been a stop of the colonies H. coralloides followed the growth of mycelium S. commune. In a series of consecutive combined cultivation culture method for binary and triple composition of cultures after contact the colonies of H. coralloides growth stopped, rare mushroom the colony continued to grow over antagonist’s mycelium, but never overgrown it completely. According to the growth coefficients on PDA the monocultures S. commune and F. fomentarius belong to those growing at an average speed under the given experimental conditions, H. coralloides culture is slowly growing. These results are important for the remediation H. coralloides in vivo to avoid the loss of seed inoculum of H. coralloides. Fact antagonism between H. coralloides and F. fomentarius must be viewed for logs Fagus silvaticus involved to remediation H. coralloides.
Ростові ознаки Trapa natans L. s. l. у різних еколого-ценотичних умовах водойм басейну Десни
Authors: Skliar Iu. L. , Skliar V. H.
Published: November 2017

Trapa natans L. s. l. is a typical representative speciesof the ecological group of attached higher aquatic plants with floating leaves. It is included to The Red Book of Ukraine. Despite the presence of diverse information on the main features of the structure of the vegetative and generative organs of Trapa natans, its ecological properties, distribution and significance, population and growth characteristics of this species remain virtually unexplored. We evaluated 10 morphometric and five allometric parameters, which characterize the growth of Trapa natans and found out the influence of leading ecological-coenotic factors on them: the thickness of water, its transparency and the overall projective coverage of phytocoenosis. Four old lakes, which located in the flood plain of the Desna River are covered by our studying. Grouping represented in these lakes are significantly different by degree of their rarity, as well as by the specific gravity and role of T. natans plants in their composition. The association Nuphar lutea subpurum is one of the typical for the region and the most common, the other three (especially Nuphar lutea + Nymphaea candida variant with Trapa natans) are comparable rare. The results of the studies showed that the water column factor significantly affects the values of all 15 dynamic morpho-parameters. The transparency of water factor did not show a statistically significant effect on the values of two morpho-parameters, and the projective coverage - at the value of three. For most morpho parameters, the power of influence on them of water levels are in the range of 45-75%, transparency - 25-60%, and projective coverage - 20-60%. It is shown that the greatest values of dynamic morphological parameters belong to the coenopopulation from the group Trapa natans subpurum, and the smallest to Nuphar lutea subpurum. Trapa natans better growth in reservoirs with a water column about 145 cm and its transparency about 80 cm, no current and muddy bottom sediments. It is noted that the effective natural inhibitors which are regulating the growth of Trapa natans are the reduction of water levels in the water column and the occurrence of successional processes that are accompanied by an increase the number of species of Nymphaeaceae in phytocoenoses.
Радіоекологічна оцінка та прогнозування забруднення овочевої продукції, отриманої у селах центрального лісостепу України радіонуклідами 137Cs і 90Sr: віддалений період після аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС
Authors: Gerasimenko V. , Rozputny O. , Pertsovyi I. , Skyba V. , Saveko M.
Published: November 2017

The radioecological condition of soils in agricultural lands and household plots, with estimated accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr in crop and livestock products have been established. We defined the transition ratios of 137Cs and 90Sr in potatoes and other vegetables grown in household plots by rural dwellers of the Central Forest-Steppe. The role of cattle’s dung in the migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in radio-contaminated agricultural landscapes and its impact on the level of soil contamination was determined. We suggested that the cattle’s dung obtained from radio-contaminated territories facilitates the migration and redistribution of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in agricultural landscapes and could be considered as a source of soil secondary pollution.
Diversidad de insectos acuáticos en quebradas impactadas por agricultura y minería, Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Villada-Bedoya Sebastián , Ospina Bautista Fabiola , Dias Lucimar G. , Estévez Varón Jaime Vicente
Published: November 2017

Freshwater ecosystems are under severe anthropic pressure (e.g. agriculture and mining), which generates adverse effects on the diversity of aquatic insects. We evaluated the insect community in streams impacted by agriculture and mining, and determined how these activities affected the community. We studied six streams in Caldas (Colombia), two with mining and two with agriculture impact. We collected the insects using a Surber net with three replicates per substrate (fine sediment, stones, and litter). In total, 12 502 aquatic insects were collected. The most representative genera were Baetodes, Simulium, and Cricotopus (57.7 %). Streams with agricultural activity had lower aquatic insects diversity than mining impact (F2,309 = 21.82, p = 0.001). The agriculture areas presented a structure dominated by Simulium and Cricotopus (Diptera, pollution-tolerant morphospecies). Baetodes dominated in stones substrate, Cricotopus in sediment, and Simulium and Cricotopus dominated in litter (F2,309 = 2.84, p = 0.001). Therefore, both factors (impact and substrate type) are being important in determining the diversity of aquatic insects. Our results suggested that agricultural activity has a higher impact on the diversity of aquatic insects, which may be associated with the loss of riparian vegetation.
Testosterone induces paternal behavior in sexually inexperienced males of Neotomodon alstoni (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Luis Diaz Juana , Ramos Blancas Guillermo , Martínez Torres Martín , Carmona Castro Agustín , Cedillo Ildefonso Benita , Delgado Solís Jesús
Published: November 2017

The inhibition of infanticide can be considered a prerequisite for the onset of paternal behavior. Thus, hormones such as testosterone (T) would be expected to mediate the inhibition of aggression toward pups and the onset of paternal care. However, the effect of T in onset of this behavior seems to depend of sexual experience. The aim of this study was to determine whether T induces paternal behavior in sexually inexperienced males of the Mexican volcano mouse (Neotomodon alstoni). For this, 33 non-paternal males were selected based on paternal behavior tests. These non-paternal mice were organized in three groups: 10 males were castrated, 10 subjected to sham procedure, and 13 underwent castration and T replacement. After of these treatments, the males were again evaluated by a second paternal behavior test, and blood samples were obtained to measure plasma T levels by radioimmunoassay. Castrated males with T replacement changed their behavior; 46.2 % of these males displayed paternal behavior despite 92.3 % of these males having previously displayed aggressive behavior in the selection test. An increase in T facilitates the onset of paternal behavior in sexually inexperienced males of Mexican volcano mouse, as occurs in sexual experience males. These results support the hypothesis that an increase in T levels would be involved in the neuroendocrine mechanisms that suppress infanticide and promote the onset of parental behavior in Mexican volcano mice males. Future studies in this mouse will investigate whether T regulates the onset of paternal behavior via conversion to estradiol or whether both T metabolites are involved in its onset.
Caracteres estructurales y ultraestructurales de la gametogénesis de Chara hydropitys (Charophyceae)
Authors: Rincón Barón Edgar Javier , Castrillón Bolaños Yenny Magaly , Torres Gerardo Andrés , Alzate Guarin Fernando , Espinosa Matías Silvia
Published: November 2017

In Charophyceae, the oosporangia and antheridia are the respective female and male structures of sexual reproduction. These organs are characterized by their morphological complexity and usefulness in taxonomy and systematics. Here we described the structural and ultraestructural details of Chara hydropitys gametogenesis. The fertile material from the algae was collected in a tributary stream of the Río Meléndez in Cali, Colombia (3º21´23´´N - 76º32´5.2´´W) in March 2011. The specimens were fixed and processed following the standard protocols for inclusion in resin. Thin sections (0.3-0.5 μm) were stained with toluidine O, and were observed by photonic microscopy, and additional ultrathin sections (60-90 nm) were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); other samples were processed and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that the oosporangia are covered with spiral cells, forming 10-12 convolutions and ends in five coronula cells. The immature oosporangia wall is formed by two layers that correspond to the wall of the spiral cells and to the oosphere. In mature stages, the oosporangia wall is composed by six additional layers, three of them are provided by the oosphere and the other three are provided by the spiral cells. Oosphere size increases progressively while the spiral cells grow and divide. The cytoplasm of the immature oosphere does not exhibit conspicuous cytoplasmic inclusions, nevertheless, with the maturation, the number of starch granules increases, occupying most of the cell volume. In the spiral cells of the mature oosporangia we observed large number of chloroplast with starch accumulations, between thylakoid lamellae and a vacuole that occupies almost the entire cell. By using SEM it was possible to appreciate, that the external wall of the oospore, more accurately, on the fossa area, shows verrucose micro-ornamentations with verrucae elevations. In mature antheridia, shield cells are strongly pigmented orange due to the presence of a large number of plastoglobules between thylakoid lamellae. The spermatogenous filaments are developed from cells of the secondary capitulum; those, by unidirectional and sincronic mitotic divisions develop the spermatocytes. The biflagellate antherozoids are developed from the haploid cells by spermiogenesis. The subcellular events related with these division and differentiation processes, include first, chromatin condensation, loss of nucleoli and more activity in dictyosomes. Subsequently, retracts the cytoplasm and the organelles are aligned along the condensed nucleus and flagellar apparatus. Mature antherozoids emerge through a side wall pore of the spermatocytes. All the described events showed that the gametogenesis processes and the gametes structural details in general, are widely conserved in this algae group.
El Salvador publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded: subjects, authorship, collaboration and citation patterns
Authors: Monge-Nájera Julián , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: November 2017

In contrast with other countries of the Central America biodiversity “hotspot”, El Salvador has received considerable attention from the scientometrics point of view. According to previous studies, the country is unusual in its strong concentration of research funds in the social sciences, and in the unexpectedly low productivity and visibility of its scientific institutions. We only found 788 publications with El Salvador authors in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) until 2015, mostly in English and about health, environment and agriculture. Articles have more authors than previously found for the rest of Central America. The fact that two historically important articles were written exclusively by Salvadoran scientists indicates the potential for high level science that the country has had at least since 1940. Scientific productivity and international collaboration are improving, but the whole productivity and impact of scientific institutions of El Salvador remain unknown because the country publishes 130 scientific journals that are not included in the SCI-EXPANDED. There is a clear need for a regional database covering Central American science and its citation.
The emergence of macroprudential bank regulation: A review
Authors: Mérő Katalin
Published: November 2017

Although the macroprudential regulation only became a central topic of bank regulation after 2008, recognising and analysing risk, what now we call macroprudential, has formed part of the thinking about banking risk for a long time. A real turn of events was caused by the Global Financial Crisis. Since then, as a consequence of the huge taxpayers’ burden and the mutual reinforcing effect of sovereign and banking crises, the main course of bank regulation has become the elaboration and implementation of regulation with a macroprudential perspective. This article reviews the history of the international evolution of macroprudential regulation from the perspective of both the regulation’s motivations and its conceptual and practical developments. Its main focus is the development of the ideas of a macroprudential perspective on prudential policy and the way these ideas eventually led to concrete experiences with macroprudential regulatory tools. As a conclusion, the author raises the question of whether the financial system has become more stable by implementing the current form of macroprudential regulation.
Evaluation of IMF programmes on employment in the EU
Authors: Ohanyan Gurgen , Androniceanu Armenia
Published: November 2017

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has undergone notable changes by starting collaboration with the European Union (EU). Hence, this paper seeks to estimate the effects of IMF programmes on employment, with data from the EU-28 between 1993 and 2013. In order to control for selection on observable and unobservable variables, the study employs Propensity Score Matching in combination with the Differences-in-Difference estimator. Next, the robustness of the findings is checked by applying four different matching algorithms. Our paper concludes that employment decreases once a country resorts to the IMF, and this impact is still measurable after two years of programme initiation.
International competitiveness and restructuring of the Croatian food industry
Authors: Buturac Goran , Lovrinčević Željko , Mikulić Davor
Published: November 2017

The goal of this article is to provide a deeper insight to the overall contribution of the export of food products to the Croatian economy and to estimate the direct and indirect impact of the international competitiveness of food producers on other domestic sectors. The authors measure the importance of the food sector by employing both the constant market share (CMS) and the input-output analysis. The results indicate that a loss in competitiveness in the Croatian food industry was the most important factor that determined the decreasing share of national companies in the period from 2009, when the global recession started, up to 2013, when Croatia joined the EU. EU membership strongly and positively influenced the performance of Croatian food exports. The negative trend regarding the share of the international food market was reversed. Besides having a direct impact on the export performance of the food industry, the international competitiveness of food producers indirectly affects other domestic companies whose products are used as intermediate inputs in the food industry. The study also presents a benchmark of results with previous research for EU countries, which rarely included Croatia before the accession in 2013. As far as output and value added are concerned, multipliers for the food industry are relatively significant and higher than the national average, and the food industry could be assessed as one of the key Croatian economic sectors.
Experimental investigation of drainage during earthquake-induced liquefaction
Authors: Adamidis O. , Madabhushi S. P. G.
Published: November 2017

Earthquake-induced liquefaction is typically viewed as an undrained phenomenon with undrained element tests forming the core of knowledge built around it. However, there is evidence to suggest that partial drainage could be taking place during an earthquake. In this paper two dynamic centrifuge tests are presented, in which drainage was restricted for a part of the soil by enclosing it within a chamber, in order to assess its importance. The hypothesis of undrained behaviour was found to be inappropriate for liquefied sand, even within the timescale of an earthquake. Fluid flow during the seismic motion was inevitable. Its effect on pore pressures and shear stress–shear strain response was controlled by the proximity of the boundaries.
Building an institution for rural roads management in Timor-Leste
Authors: Done Simon , Lawther Timothy Paul
Published: November 2017

Timor-Leste (East Timor) is a small developing country with a small population and a dense rural road network – a network without improvement and maintenance since 2006. The national road directorate is institutionally weak, with insufficient technical expertise, operational resources and budgeting policies. The private sector lacks engineering and contract management skills. The Roads for Development (R4D) programme started in 2012 and, since then, has established social and environmental safeguards frameworks, a national rural road standard, municipality-based contract tendering, a monitoring and evaluation framework, contractor training and mentoring, budgetary and payment processes, and a master plan outlining arrangements for prioritising and managing a rural roads network. R4D has been improving roads and institutions in a post-conflict country. Guiding principles adopted by R4D would be of interest to those attempting to manage rural infrastructure in a developing country with low private and public sector capacity.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS PRODUTORES DE OVOS DE BASTOS/SP SOBRE AMBIÊNCIA, BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL E LEGISLAÇÃO NA POSTURA COMERCIAL
Authors: Sousa Gabriela Pinheiro de , Pereira Danilo Florentino , Ramos Dayana Doffinger , Cataneo Pedro Fernando , Watanabe Kassia
Published: November 2017

O principal enfoque da avicultura de postura é a produtividade. Questões relacionadas ao bem-estar das aves nos diferentes sistemas de produção tem se levantado em todo o mundo. O Brasil produz trimestralmente cerca de 700 milhões de dúzias de ovos de galinhas, com a maior concentração na região sudeste do país. Existem protocolos nacionais e internacionais que tratam sobre especificações técnicas para atender as boas práticas e bem-estar das aves. Neste sentido, este artigo tem o condão de identificar como se encontra a o setor de produção de ovos em relação ao bem-estar animal na região de Bastos/SP. Para isso, foi aplicada uma entrevista estruturada com dezoito produtores de ovos, visando captar suas opiniões sobre o tema e identificar também como ocorre a intervenção estatal no setor. Pode-se concluir que os produtores já cumprem vários pontos técnicos da produção que são fornecidos pelos protocolos de boas práticas e bem-estar. No entanto, alguns pontos não possuem padronização, o que seria extremamente viável para atender um elevado nível de bem-estar. É necessário incentivar a implementação de boas práticas por parte dos produtores. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Avicultura de postura; Boas práticas agrícolas; Percepção dos produtores. PERCEPTION OF BASTOS / SP EGG PRODUCERS ON ENVIRONMENT, ANIMAL WELFARE AND COMMERCIAL POSTURE LEGISLATION ABSTRACT: The main focus of posture poultry is productivity. However, issues related to the welfare of the laying hens in the different production systems haves risen worldwide. Brazil produces quarterly about 700 million dozen chicken eggs and, the largest concentration is in the southeast region of the country. There are national and international protocols that deal with technical specifications to meet the best practices and poultry welfare. Thus, this article aims to analyze the perception of egg producers on animal welfare issues in the region of Bastos/SP. A structured interview with eighteen egg producers was applied, covering technical issues to capture the different opinions of producers and which has been applied in the establishments on welfare. It could be concluded that the producers already comply with several technical points of production that are provided by good practice protocols and welfare. However, some points, even if met by producers, lack standardization, which would be extremely viable to meet a high level of welfare. It is necessary to encourage the implementation of best practices by producers. KEYWORDS: Poultry posture, Agriculture good practices, Perception of producers.
DIMENSIONAMENTO DE PARQUE EÓLICO NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Machado Ana Herminia , Silva Fabiano Subtil Da , Patrocínio Lúcio Passos
Published: November 2017

Este artigo evidencia um estudo preliminar de dimensionamento de um parque eólico com base nos dados obtidos pelo INMET – Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia apresentando os conceitos aplicados para a geração de energia sustentável. Propõe-se um estudo que apresenta a implantação de um parque eólico em uma região do Espirito Santo, comparando a média de velocidade dos ventos anuais em cada região (Linhares e Presidente Kennedy), analisando qual região será mais viável a implantação, a escolha do modelo de aerogerador e a análise da melhor eficiência para implantação do parque eólico. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o munícipio de Presidente Kennedy apresenta o melhor potencial para o dimensionamento do parque visto que apresenta a melhor estabilidade na direção dos ventos (Nordeste seguido de Leste-Nordeste) e a melhor média de velocidade de 3,7m/s. A partir da escolha da região foi escolhido o aerogerador para o parque (modelo Enercon E-82/2000KW com torre de concreto de 98 metros), e calculado a melhor eficiência que o parque poderá operar que é de 75,095%. Operando-se nessa eficiência o parque contará com 27 aerogeradores distribuídos em três fileiras numa área de 8000m2 podendo produzir uma energia anual em torno de 74079,183 MWh.Palavras-chave: parque eólico, aerogerador, eficiência. RENEWABLE ENERGY: PROPOSAL FOR WIND FARM SCALING OF ESPÍRITO SANTOABSTRACT: This article shows a preliminary study of the design of a wind farm based on data obtained by INMET - National Institute of Meteorology presenting the concepts applied for the generation of sustainable energy. It is proposed a study that presents the implementation of a wind farm in a Espirito Santo region, comparing the average speed of the annual winds in each region (Linhares and Presidente Kennedy), analyzing which region will be more feasible the implantation, the choice of Wind turbine model and the analysis of the best efficiency for the implementation of the wind farm. The results show that the municipality of Presidente Kennedy presents the best potential for the dimensioning of the park since it presents the best stability towards the winds (Northeast followed by East-Northeast) and the best average speed of 3.7m / s. From the choice of the region, the wind turbine was chosen for the park (model Enercon E-82 / 2000KW with a concrete tower of 98 meters), and the best efficiency that the park can operate is calculated to be 75.095%. Operating in this efficiency the park will have 27 wind turbines distributed in three rows in an area of 8000m2 and can produce an annual energy around 74079,183 MWh.Keywords:  wind farm, wind turbine, efficiency.
VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS EM UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO AMARELO SOB CULTIVO COM GOIABA (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Da Silva José Marcílio , Da Silva Lucas Figueira , Da Silva Sobrinho Daniel Rosendo , Da Silva João Pedro Figueira
Published: November 2017

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos do solo sob cultivo com goiaba por meio da análise de geoestatística nas profundidades de 0,0-0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m. Foi realizado amostragem regionalizada utilizando malha regular com dimensão de 50 m x 50 m, totalizando 36 pontos georreferenciado equidistantes 10 m. A análise geoestatística foi utilizada para a determinação de modelos teóricos de variogramas e para a interpolação por krigagem dos dados que foram gerados, a fim de analisar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos dos solos. O pH apresentou variabilidade espacial baixa nas duas profundidades e o Al na profundidade de 0,10-0,20 m com moderada variabilidade espacial na profundidade de 0,0-0,10 m. O Ca e Mg apresentaram moderada  variabilidade espacial nas duas profundidades. O modelo esférico de semivariograma foi ajustado para todos atributos nas duas profundidades, com alcances variando entre 12,5 m e 24,1 m para os atributos pH e Al, respectivamente.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Geoestatística, manejo do solo, dependência espacial, krigagem. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A RED-YELLOW LATOSOL UNDER CULTIVATION CONTINUOUSABSTRACT: The objective of the work was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil chemical attributes under cultivation with guava through geostatistics analysis in the depths of 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m. Sampling was performed regionalized using regular grid with dimension of 50 m x 50 m, totaling 36 georeferenced points equidistant 10 m. The geostatistical analysis was applied to determine theoretical models of variograms and interpolation kriging of the data that have been generated in order to analyze the spatial variability of the soil attributes. The pH presented low spatial variability on both depths and Al on depth 0.10-0.20 m with moderate spatial variability on the depth 0.0-0.10 m. Ca and Mg showed moderate spatial variability in both depths. The spherical semivariogram model was adjusted for all attributes in both depths, close to 12.5 m and 24.1 m for pH and Al, respectively.KEYWORDS: Geostatistics; soil management; spatial dependence, kriging.
High Salt Nuclear Extract Preparation v1
Authors: Contreras Xavier , Kiernan Rosemary
Published: November 2017

Adapted from DignamJD, Lebovitz RM,RoederRG. 1983. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11(5):1475-89. PMID:6828386
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) v1
Authors: Van Poucke Sven , Huskens Dana , Van der Speeten Kurt , Roest Mark , Lauwereins Bart , Zheng Ming-Hua , Dehaene Seppe , Penders Joris , Marcus Abraham , Lancé Marcus
Published: November 2017

Thrombus formation was measured by the viscoelastic test: ROTEM (Tem International GmbH c/o Dutch Affiliate, Tilburg, The Netherlands). Standard assays were used according to the manufac- turer’s recommendations: EXTEM (ref.: 503-05, Tem International GmbH c/o Dutch Affiliate, Til- burg, The Netherlands), FIBTEM (ref.: 503-06, Tem International GmbH c/o Dutch Affiliate, Til- burg, The Netherlands), and HEPTEM (ref.: 503-09, Tem International GmbH c/o Dutch Affiliate, Tilburg, The Netherlands). All samples were measured within 1 h after blood collection. Further- more, by means of EXTEM and FIBTEM results, the contribution of platelet count to the thrombus formation was calculated as the PLTEM parameter [22].
[RETRACTED] How Many Types of Influenza Viruses Do YouKnow? v1
Authors: M Schmitt Thomas
Published: November 2017

[RETRACTED]
Small RNA library protocol with blocking oligos for Drosophila melanogaster v1
Authors: K. Fowler Emily , Mohorianu Irina , T. Smith Damian , Dalmay Tamas , Chapman Tracey
Published: November 2017

Recent technical advances in high throughput sequencing have enabled an increasingly detailed analysis of sRNA abundances and profiles in specific body parts and tissues. This enables investigations of the localized roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, variation in the proportions of non-coding RNAs in the samples being compared can hinder these analyses. Specific tissues may vary significantly in the proportions of fragments of longer non-coding RNAs (such as ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA) present. For example, in Drosophila, some tissues contain a highly abundant 30nt rRNA fragment (the 2S rRNA) as well as abundant 5’ and 3’ terminal rRNA fragments. These can pose difficulties for the construction of sRNA libraries as they can swamp the sequencing space and obscure sRNA abundances. Here we addressed this problem and present a modified ‘rRNA blocking’ protocol for the construction of high-definition (HD) adapter sRNA libraries, in D. melanogaster reproductive tissues. The results showed that 2S rRNAs targeted by blocking oligos were reduced from >80% to < 0.01% total reads. In addition, the use of multiple rRNA blocking oligos to bind the most abundant rRNA fragments allowed us to reveal the underlying sRNA populations at increased resolution. Side-by-side comparisons of sequencing libraries of blocked and non-blocked samples revealed that rRNA blocking did not change the miRNA populations present, but instead enhanced their abundances. This rRNA blocking procedure offers potential to improve the in-depth analysis of differentially expressed sRNAs within and across different tissues.
Comparative Analysis of Cold Ironing Rules
Authors:   Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech Barcelona, Spain, Espinosa Sanes S. , Casals-Torrens P. , Bosch Tous R. , Castells M.
Published: November 2017

The current paper pretends to offer a global vision about the actual situation of the regulations and requirements applied to High Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC) systems, also known as cold ironing. To develop the entire study, the following Classification Societies rules have been consulted: ABS - High Voltage Shore Connections; BV- High-Voltage Shore Connection System; DNV-Electrical Shore Connections; DNV-GL- Rules for classification of ships; LLOYD’S REGISTER-Rules and regulations for the classification of ships and RINA-Rules for the classification of ships. In the way to accomplish the proposed objective, the mentioned rules have been compared including all the specific aspects and regulations related with “the shore side” of the entire installation. These requirements are also compared with the international standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 80005-1 High Voltage Shore Connection Systems and show the grade of accuracy provided by each Classification Society against that standard. Finally, the results of the comparison show that many of the studied rules focus their rules just on the ship side of the installation or just provide some general recommendations for the shore side. According to that, the shore side is considered such as not part of the ship and consequently is not considered in their rules.
Assessment of Competitiveness of Shipbuilding Industry in Russia
Authors:   Department of Economics and Economic Policy, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Tulyakova Irina R. , Gregova Elena , Dengov Victor V.
Published: November 2017

Russia has a rich centuries-old tradition of naval and civilian shipbuilding. Upon the end of the ideological confrontation, the competition of the main sea-faring nations of the world took on the new and at the same time – more traditional form for the market economy. The global economic crisis and the decrease of the freight traffic, including the sea freight, led to the exacerbation of the competitive struggle in this market. Whereas the Naval Engineering and Armament (NEA) in Russia are at a very high level, which is proved by the position Russia holds within the global markets of this kind of production, the civilian shipbuilding is not only unable to compete in the global market, but even barely present on the domestic one. The future of the civilian shipbuilding is in such promising niches as the development of the equipment for the exploration of the Arctic oil fields, the iceboats for the maintenance of the Northern Sea Route, and the sea- and river-going vessels for the domestic operations. In this article, the authors analyse the current state policy in regards of both civilian and naval shipbuilding, the position of Russia in the global market of the NEA, assess the current state of this industry and the competitive potential of the Russian Federation, reveal the problems and consider the prospects for the development. The analysis is based on the rich factual material and the available statistical data. The careful study and its results allowed the authors to come to the certain conclusions and to provide advice for the improvement of the state policy in regards to the shipbuilding.
Pearls for Correct Assessment of Optic Disc at Glaucoma Diagnosis
Authors: Turgut Burak ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
Published: November 2017

The correct evaluation of the optic disc, and related structures in ophthalmoscopy, is critical for the diagnosis of open angle glaucoma because usually glaucomatous optic nerve damage firstly occurs in the optic disc before detectable visual field defects become apparent; however, some studies have demonstrated that visual field defects can also be found without any glaucomatous changes in the optic disc. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide to clinicians for the evaluation of the optic disc in glaucoma suspects and patients. This guide can facilitate the diagnosis and exclusion of glaucoma in these subjects.