bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The main dimensions of parliamentary reform in the context of the European integration of Ukraine
Authors: Kukuruz Oksana , Myronenko Petro
Published: January 2025

The approach of the third stage of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union — the start of membership negotiations — requires many Ukrainian institutions to make significant eﬀorts to adapt the rules and forms of activity to the practice of the community. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has a double burden: 1) adoption of the relevant European integration legislation for the reform of areas singled out by the European Commission; 2) completion of the reform of the parliament.

The article provides a comprehensive description of the international and national dimensions of the parliamentary reform in Ukraine. Political, legal, teleological, coordination, chronological and monitoring dimensions are defined within the national dimension.

It was noted that such indicators as the adoption of certain political documents and legal acts are not suﬃcient indicators of the success of the reform. Especially, taking into account the fact that there are many examples in Ukraine when the law is not followed. Eliminating the phenomenon of «imaginary constitutionalism» and establishing a legal democracy still require systematic work on the part of both public authorities and citizens.

It was concluded that for the negotiations on the accession of Ukraine to the European Union, it is necessary to know the praxeological dimension of the parliamentary reform, which is oriented towards the analysis of the activities of the deputies from the point of view of eﬃciency, that is, establishing the ratio of the final results of the reform and the defined initial goals, with an assessment of the means and methods used for their achievements.

Thus, not only the organizational component of the parliamentary reform, but also the reform evaluation methodology needs improvement. Sociological surveys of representatives of public authorities and citizens should become an important element of monitoring the implementation of the parliamentary reform, and one of the indicators of this reform is the level of trust in the Ukrainian parliament.

Key words: Mission of the European Parliament, Ukrainian Parliament, parliamentary reform, dimensions of the reform, monitoring of the reform, indicators of the reform.
The main theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the enlargement of the European Union
Authors: Stoiko Olena
Published: January 2025

The article identifies and analyses four main approaches to understanding the enlargement of the European Union, which has evolved from a sporadic practice to a component of the Union's daily activities. In particular, enlargement as a way to a superstate formation, as a response to external challenges, as horizontal institutionalisation and as deteleologisation. The need to accept another group of states, including Ukraine, makes the European Union decide on its future: to become a federation by amending the founding treaties, or to maintain the staus quo, somewhat limiting the veto power of the Member States and opening the way to a multi-speed Europe.

In the latter case, the menu for member states will not be limited to admission to the Schengen or Euro area, but will also oﬀer various forms of quasi-political participation in decision-making processes in the EU bodies. The main reasons are the very low level of economic development of the candidate states and the diﬀerent pace of pro-European reforms, which will make it much more diﬃcult to simultaneously accept this group of candidates. The granting of membership to the current candidate states will be dominated by the security factor and will actually mark the culmination of the EU as a geopolitical project, as, given the numerous failures of attempts to integrate immigrants from non-Christian countries, no state outside the European continent will be oﬀered membership. In addition, the outcome of the Russian- Ukrainian war — Kyiv's victory or the freezing of the conflict — will determine not only Ukraine's position in the EU, but also the fate of the Eurasian continent, its division into spheres of influence between Brussels and Beijing.

Key words: enlargement, European integration, European Union, institution, democracy, geopolitics.
To the deﬁnitions of the concept of abuse of rights
Authors: Ivanov Vadym
Published: January 2025

The study’s relevance is related to the controversial scientific positions regarding the interpretation of the essence of the concept of «abuse of rights» and the lack of an exhaustive classification of its features.

The article identifies the main essential features of the legal nature of the concept of «abuse of rights», among which are, in particular: social harm (violation of socially significant interests as a result of subjective rights) and unlawfulness of behaviour (definition of this phenomenon as a separate type (form) of oﬀences), balancing on the edge of lawfulness and unlawfulness (or a sign of boundary legal behaviour, i.e. behaviour which has boundary characteristics, since it is formed in the plane of unlawful behaviour and lawful behaviour.

The article examines the problem of abuse of rights which arises while exercising subjective rights by one party to relations and may cause harm to other parties. The author examines various aspects of this phenomenon, in the context of civil, commercial, and criminal law. The scientists argue that abuse of rights consists in the purposeful activity of subjects which contradicts the interests of third parties and social principles but does not always violate the rules of law.

The author proposes conceptual approaches to the definition of this phenomenon, in the context of social harm and unlawful behaviour. The author discusses the possibility of transferring the abuse of rights to the category of an oﬀence and points out the need for further research to analyse the subjective side of abuse of rights from the standpoint of the theory of state and law.The author’s approach to the interpretation of this phenomenon is developed, which considers the focus on the provisions of most of the above features. It is determined that it is diﬃcult to support the scientists’ position regarding the probability of transitory transition of the legal category of abuse of rights to the category of an oﬀence without identifying the violation of the relevant legal provisions.

Key words: abuse of rights, social harmfulness, illegality, borderline legal behavior, transitive behavior, legal norms
Ensuring Compensation for Damage Caused to the Forest Fund of Ukraine in Connection with the Armed Aggression of the Russian Federation and Forest Restoration as Priorities of the State Forest Policy
Authors: Kovtun Dmytro
Published: January 2025

The article examines the issues of compensation for damage caused to the forest fund of Ukraine in connection with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and forest restoration as priorities of the State forest policy. The author notes that the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has caused damage to almost a third of Ukrainian forests. First of all, it is fires, explosions of ammunition, permanent noise pollution, construction of fortifications in forests and harvesting of wood for these purposes, as well as contamination of forest soils and water bodies with fuels and lubricants and other toxic substances from destroyed equipment, exploded and unexploded ammunition. As a result, forest biodiversity is severely damaged, including the destruction of natural habitats and the death of a significant number of flora and fauna over a wide area, as well as the loss of traditional breeding grounds and migration routes for many species of fauna. As a result of the above-mentioned negative phenomena, Ukrainian citizens are losing or underutilising the ecosystem services provided by forests.

Forestry policy is an important component of the state environmental policy and is a set of measures aimed at ensuring the protection, reproduction and eﬃcient, balanced use of all resources, useful properties and other values of forests necessary for civilisation today and in the future.

Important priorities of the state forestry policy are to ensure compensation for the damage caused to the forest fund of Ukraine in connection with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and forest restoration. Calculating this damage requires taking into account the concept of ecosystem services provided by forests. The aggressor State is obliged to fully compensate for the damage caused to the forest fund of Ukraine in particular and to the Ukrainian environment in general.

Key words: armed aggression; compensation for damage; damage caused to the forest fund of Ukraine; forest restoration; state forest policy.
Rule-making in the field of criminal law: dynamics of wartime
Authors: Zahynei-Zabolotenko Z. A.
Published: January 2025

The article analyses the dynamics of Ukrainian legislation on criminal liability after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. The author identifies the following main blocks of amendments to the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: criminalisation of criminal offences (during the war, the current Code was supplemented with eight new corpus delicti), restatement of the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine or their structural parts, inclusion of certain parts thereof, amendments to the articles of the Special Part of this Code, differentiation of criminal liability for certain criminal offences by means of the legislator’s use of qualifying factors. The provisions of the General Part of this Code have also been amended and supplemented, in particular, with provisions on the circumstance that excludes criminal unlawfulness of an act, such as the performance of the duty to protect the Motherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine (Art. 43-1), provisions aimed at regulating the procedure for the exchange of persons as prisoners of war, namely Art. 84-1 «Release from serving a sentence in connection with the decision of the authorised body to transfer a convicted person for exchange as a prisoner of war», as well as adjustments to the text of these articles. It is stated that the rule-making activities in the field of criminal law were aimed primarily at adapting the current Criminal Code of Ukraine to the conditions of war and improving the criminal law provision for the protection of those social values which are primarily more vulnerable during this period. It is established that the demand for certain wartime novelties introduced after 24 February 2022 had been in place long before these events. This includes, for example, the criminalisation of collaboration.
The author identifies certain contradictions in the new criminal law provisions and suggests ways to eliminate them. For example, the author points out that it is inappropriate to supplement the Criminal Code of Ukraine with a provision on aiding the aggressor State (Art. 111-2), since the socially dangerous acts provided for therein are themselves covered by high treason (Art. 111) or collaboration (Art. 111-1). The author establishes the content of the qualifying feature of certain criminal offences, namely, the commission of relevant acts under martial law. It is proposed to change the wording of the qualifying features in the criminal offences under Art. 185, 186, 187, 189, 191 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, using such wording as committing these offences under martial law.
Proof of the infinity of twin primes.
Authors: Gumpert Valery
Published: January 2025

The article considers the infinity of the number of twin primes.
Fermat's General Case
Authors: Muhammad Taha
Published: January 2025

The equation a^n+ b^m = c^z represents a mathematical expression where a, b, and c are variables, and n, m, and z are positive integers representing exponents; essentially, it states: is a^n+ b^m = c^z? "Fermat's general case" refers to the equation a^n + b^m = c^z where a, b, and c are positive integers, and n, m, and z are also positive integers with the key condition that n must be greater than 2; according to Fermat's Last Theorem, this equation has no solutions for positive integers in this scenario.
Peran dan Dampak Aksi Kamisan dalam Memperjuangkan HAM di Indonesia
Authors: Perdana Fawwaz Ralli , Vania Sitinjak Neysa , Nurafiyani Wibisono Defira , Luqman Fadlilah Muhamad , Abdurrahman Dzikri
Published: January 2025

Aksi Kamisan adalah gerakan damai yang dimulai pada tahun 2007 di Indonesia, yang diprakarsai oleh keluarga korban pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM) untuk menuntut keadilan dan akuntabilitas. Setiap Kamis, peserta aksi mengenakan pakaian hitam dan membawa payung hitam sebagai simbol duka dan perlawanan, berkumpul di depan Istana Merdeka. Gerakan ini berhasil membangun solidaritas masyarakat, meningkatkan kesadaran akan isu HAM, dan mendorong pemerintah untuk mempertimbangkan hak asasi manusia dalam kebijakan mereka. Aksi Kamisan juga memanfaatkan media sosial untuk memperluas jangkauan dan menarik dukungan dari generasi muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk memahami peran dan dampak Aksi Kamisan dalam memperjuangkan HAM di Indonesia, serta perspektif peserta dan masyarakat terhadap keberlanjutan gerakan ini. Meskipun menghadapi tantangan, termasuk respon defensif dari pemerintah dan perhatian masyarakat yang berkurang, Aksi Kamisan tetap berperan penting dalam menjaga ingatan kolektif dan mendorong dialog tentang isu-isu HAM. Dengan potensi kolaborasi dengan organisasi internasional dan pemanfaatan media digital, Aksi Kamisan berupaya memperluas jangkauan dan dampaknya, terutama dalam menarik dukungan dari generasi muda.
Effectiveness of the NETES (Niat Engsun Tuntas cEgah Stunting/My Intention to Prevent Stunting Completely) Program to Prevent Stunting
Authors: Herlina Tutiek , Wisnu Nurweningtyas , Robbi Dian Maheru , Yuliati Yuanita Sinar , Anindita Rahma
Published: January 2025

Background: Stunting was described as a toddler whose height was lower than the standard height for children of the same age, which was a characteristic that indicates repeated and long-term nutritional problems. The negative impact in the long term was decreased cognitive ability and learning achievement, body immunity, and a high risk of diabetes, obesity, heart and blood vessel disease, cancer, stroke, and disability in old age. The prevalence of stunting in Plaosan Subdistrict increased from 2021 by 7.54%, in 2022 by 7.91% and in 2023 by 8.52%. The "NETES" (Niat Engsun Tuntas cEgah Stunting/My Intention to Prevent Stunting Completely) program was one of the stunting management programs in Plaosan Subdistrict, implemented by giving one egg every day for 90 days to children under five at risk of stunting. This research aims to determine effectiveness of the NETES program to prevent stunting. Methods: Research design was ex post facto. The population were all children under five years old who were at risk of stunting, sample size 90 taken by total population. The independent variable was the NETES program and the dependent variable was stunting. The instruments used Endo brand stadiometer and Endo brand infantometer, observation sheets for egg feeding and body height. Analysis by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Results: The results showed median HAZ value before the NETES program was –2.3 and after the NETES program was -1.8.  Z value = 3.8541 and p value = 0.0001162 so it can be concluded that there is a difference HAZ value between before and after the implementation of the NETES program. Conclusions: Giving one egg a day for 90 days is effective to prevent stunting. It is recommended that the implementation of the NETES program can be continued and be applied in other areas.
A Case Report: Unusual Manifestation of MIS-C with Acute Abdomen Caused by Gut Perforation
Authors: Ihsan Indra , Mayetti Mayetti , Yusuf Yusirwan
Published: January 2025

Background: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common presenting features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and can overlap with other abdominal symptoms. Case Report: We reported A case of a 2-year-old girl who was hospitalized with MIS-C and had abdominal pain symptoms which got worse day by day. Abdominal x-ray revealed gut perforation and she was consulted by the pediatric surgeon and then underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy and intraoperative findings showed a perforation in the caecum area. Conclusion: MIS-C can induce acute gut perforation and in the pandemic era MIS-C should be considered in the differential for a patient with acute abdominal symptoms.
Kelainan Mukokutan dan Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Pasien Anak dengan HIV/AIDS
Authors: Oktaviani Trya , Mawardi Prasetyadi , Putri Osdatilla Esa , Anandita Benedikta Lauda
Published: January 2025

Latar Belakang: Lesi mukokutan dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS) adalah manifestasi umum pada individu yang terinfeksi virus imunodefisiensi manusia (HIV) atau sindrom imunodefisiensi didapat (AIDS). Kelainan mukokutan dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS) pada anak-anak dengan HIV/AIDS dapat muncul dengan gejala atipikal, cenderung lebih parah, dan lebih sulit diobati dibandingkan dengan anak-anak dengan sistem kekebalan yang baik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi kelainan mukokutan dan infeksi menular seksual (IMS) pada pasien anak dengan HIV/AIDS di Klinik Dermatologi dan Venerologi Rumah Sakit Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta, dari Januari 2020 hingga Desember 2022. Metode: Studi deskriptif retrospektif dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari catatan medis pasien anak dengan HIV/AIDS yang mengunjungi poliklinik Dermatologi dan Venerologi di Rumah Sakit Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta, dari 1 Januari 2020 hingga 31 Desember 2022. Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan sembilan pasien anak dengan HIV/AIDS, terdiri dari enam laki-laki (67%) dan tiga perempuan (33%). Kelompok usia yang paling banyak diwakili adalah 12-17 tahun, dengan lima pasien (n = 5; 56%). Semua pasien menjalani terapi antiretroviral (ARV) rutin. Manifestasi mukokutan yang paling umum adalah erupsi papular pruritus, diamati pada enam pasien (n = 6; 67%), diikuti oleh dermatitis seboroik dan skrofuloderma, masing-masing mempengaruhi satu pasien (n = 1; 11%). Kondiloma akuminata adalah satu-satunya IMS yang teridentifikasi, hadir pada satu pasien (n = 1; 11%). Tujuh pasien (77%) memiliki jumlah CD4 lebih dari 200 sel/mm³, sedangkan dua pasien (23%) memiliki jumlah CD4 kurang dari 200 sel/mm³. Kesimpulan: Erupsi papular pruritus adalah kondisi mukokutan yang paling umum di antara pasien anak dengan HIV/AIDS, sedangkan kondiloma akuminata adalah IMS yang dominan.
Investigating The Impact of Pruritus on The Quality of Life of the Elderly in Surakarta Nursing Home
Authors: Oktavriana Triasari , Mawardi Prasetyadi , Murastami Ammarilis , Murasmita Alamanda , Pradestine Sesia , Putri Osdatilla Esa , Lidjaja Lifesia Natali , Alia Vrenda , Kusumasari Nila
Published: January 2025

Background: The elderly population has been growing rapidly in recent decades. Research has shown that the prevalence of itching (pruritus) increases with age, with 20.8% of individuals aged 60-69 years experiencing it, 22.9% for those aged 70-79 years, and 26% for those aged 75 years and above. Assessing the skin's barrier function by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) using a tool called a Tewameter is important for objectively evaluating dry skin, which is the most common cause of itching in the elderly. It's important to understand how itching affects the quality of life of the elderly, particularly in nursing homes. Objective: This study aims to determine how itching affects the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes in Surakarta City, especially at PMI Peduli and Aisyiyah Nursing Homes. Methods: This research used an observational, cross-sectional design. Data was collected through interviews using the 5D itch scale questionnaire, and the quality of life was measured using the DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) questionnaire. TEWL levels were also measured using a Tewameter. Results: 29 subjects participated in the interviews, with 69% being women and 31% being men. Most subjects were aged 60-69 years (41%), and the most common comorbidity was hypertension (41%). The 5D Itch Scale questionnaire revealed that itching affected the subjects for less than 6 hours daily (66%), and during the last 2 weeks, itching did not significantly impact the subjects' activities, including sleep, hobbies, housework, and work (51%-69%). The most common location of itching was the back (14%). The DLQI data showed that itching had a severe impact on the subjects (65.5%), followed by a moderate impact (24.1%), and a very severe impact (10.3%). TEWL data indicated that all subjects had an increase of >10 g/h/m2. Conclusion: The study found that itching had a mild impact on the lives and activities of the subjects in general, lasting for less than 6 hours a day. The statistical results showed a positive and significant relationship between the intensity of itching and the quality of life of the elderly with pruritus.
Impact of foliarly applied morigna leaf extract for the mitigation of salt stress in Chenopodium quinoa genotypes: growth, physiological and ionic modifications
Authors: Naz Tayyaba , Iqbal Muhammad Mazhar , Ali Usman , Shafeeq Mehwish , Nawaz Sehar , Ain Noor Ul , Kanwal Mahwish , Amin Fariha , Nawaz Muhammad , Nadeem Ahmad , Iqbal Zafar , Nawaz Rab , Khan Muhammad Bilal , Imran Muhammad , Ghafoor Muhammad Atif , Afzal Ali , Hussain Muhammad Iqbal , Shahzad Khurram
Published: January 2025

Salinity poses a significant threat to crop production and food security, particularly in regions like Pakistan where salt-tolerant crop options are limited. While some salt-tolerant forage species exist, the need for salt-tolerant cereal crops is crucial. Quinoa, a pseudo-cereal renowned for its high nutritional value and tolerance to abiotic stresses including salinity, presents a promising solution. Under saline conditions, quinoa's protein content can increase, but overall productivity is often reduced. This limitation can potentially be addressed by applying moringa leaf extract (MLE), a natural biostimulant rich in micronutrients, antioxidants, and growth promoters. To investigate this, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at two salinity levels (ECe = 10 and 20 dS m⁻¹) to assess the effects of foliar MLE application on quinoa grain production and nutritional attributes. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design with three replicates. Post-harvest analysis revealed that foliar MLE application positively influenced quinoa growth, significantly enhancing its salt tolerance. This improvement is attributed to MLE's chemical composition, which facilitated reduced sodium (Na⁺) accumulation and increased potassium (K⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) concentrations in both leaves and seeds, ultimately improving plant growth and yield. Notably, among the genotypes tested, UAF-Q7 exhibited greater inherent salt tolerance than UAF-Q9, with MLE application further augmenting this resilience. This study highlights the potential of foliar MLE application as a viable strategy to mitigate salinity stress in quinoa, especially in salt-affected agricultural regions of Pakistan, contributing to enhanced food security
Exploring germination thresholds and seed properties of Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations from different European regions for improving control strategies
Authors: Nikolić Nebojša , Šoštarčić Valentina , Šćepanović Maja , Masin Roberta
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a highly invasive weed species, poses significant challenges to agriculture and human health. This study investigated the germination thresholds and physical properties of A. artemisiifolia populations from diverse regions in Europe, encompassing Serbia, Croatia, Italy, and France.

Results

Results revealed intriguing variations in germination thresholds among the populations. The Italian population exhibited the lowest base temperature (Tb) of 0.58°C, closely followed by the Croatian population (1.49°C), statistically similar to the Serbian (1.46°C) and French (2.74°C) populations. In contrast, the Serbian population displayed the lowest base water potential (Ψb) of −1.44 MPa, followed by the French population (−1.23 MPa), with no significant differences observed between the Italian (−0.78 MPa) and Croatian (−0.80 MPa) populations. Analysis of physical seed properties unveiled notable disparities in size, weight, and shape. The Italian population boasted the smallest, lightest, and most spherical seeds, while the French population harbored the largest and most elongated seeds. Interestingly, the seeds of the Croatian population were the heaviest.

Conclusions

This study underscores the adaptability of A. artemisiifolia populations to diverse climatic conditions, showcasing varied responses across regions. These findings elucidate the intricate interplay between environmental factors and seed traits, offering valuable insights for the development of effective weed management strategies.
Response of winter bird communities to environmental variables in riparian zones of cold region: a case study in Shenyang, Northeast of China
Authors: Wu Chengrun , Dong Yukuan , Liang Zhipeng , Wang Qiushi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Landscape changes resulting from urbanization have profound impacts on biodiversity, threatening the habitat of resident species. Birds are valuable research subjects because of their diversity, wide distribution, and particular sensitivity to environmental changes. Therefore, exploring the relationships between winter birds and environmental variables is essential for designing and managing green spaces during winter. However, the responses of the winter bird communities to environmental variables in cold regions remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the winter bird community in the riparian zone of the Hun River in Shenyang. We selected 11 environmental variables of the riparian zone and conducted a principal component analysis to extract seven new components that represent environmental changes. Subsequently, we performed correlation and redundancy analyses on bird diversity indicators and environmental variables.

Results

The results revealed that bird richness, Simpson’s diversity index and Shannon diversity index, was greater in the urban expansion area than in the urban core area. However, abundance was lower in the urban expansion area. Disturbance and built-up components were significantly associated with overall bird diversity, while disturbance, riparian, open vegetation, and suburban vegetation components were significantly linked to the diversity of resident and migratory birds. Birds in the urban expansion area exhibited greater sensitivity to environmental variables compared to those in the urban core area.

Discussion

This study recommend focusing on seasonal influence on birds’ resource use and urbanization level and bird species composition in riparian zones.
Study on the Dynamic Magnification Effect of Structure Stiffness Based on the Gust Coupling Analysis of Civil Aircraft
Authors: Liu Yingying , Yu Kaiping , Li Jinze
Published: January 2025

Regarding the dynamic magnification effect of structure stiffness on the gust analysis of civil aircraft, the following three methods are presented: rigid modes analysis, secondary processing based on elastic modes, and analysis with enlarged stiffness. These methods provide consistent gust load and address the challenge of extracting internal gust loads of rigid aircraft. The coupling resonant effects of the inertial force, the aerodynamic force, and the gust-induced aerodynamic force at different frequencies are examined. The response of flexible aircraft is nonlinearly related to frequency. It exhibits a significant increase in the inertial force and the aerodynamic force at higher frequencies, while a quasi-rigid response at very low frequencies shows the importance of sufficient analysis time. In addition, compared with rigid aircraft, flexible aircraft experiences a delay in the occurrence of extreme gust loads with the delay interval proportional to the frequency. The maximum gust load of flexible aircraft under a certain range of frequencies exceeds that of rigid aircraft, although this is not necessarily the case at the specific frequency. The dynamic magnification factor is 1.25 for the model in this study, which is almost constant and reaches its maximum value together with the gust loads when the frequency coincides with the frequency of the first bending mode.
Development of a Passive Vibration Damping Structure for Large Solar Arrays Using a Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy with Multi-Layered Viscous Lamination
Authors: Woo Gi-Seong , Park Jae-Hyeon , Park Sung-Woo , Oh Hyun-Ung
Published: January 2025

In the space environment, the elastic vibrations of satellite solar panels are caused by various factors that disturb satellite missions. Therefore, we propose a multi-layered high-damping yoke structure based on a passive control method. To optimize the proposed yoke structure, we performed a free vibration test on various multi-layered blade specimens and designed a yoke structure with the maximum damping performance based on the test results. This high-damping yoke structure was mounted on a dummy solar panel with flexible mode (0.79 Hz) and basic characteristic tests were performed to validate the effectiveness of the solar panel vibration suppression. The test results demonstrated that the proposed multi-layered high-damping yoke is effective in suppressing the vibrations of the first and second modes. In addition, a thermal vacuum test was performed to investigate the delamination between multi-layered structures, and the test results proved the applicability of the proposed yoke structure in an actual space environment.
Potato Plant Variety Identification Study Based on Improved Swin Transformer
Authors: Xing Xue , Liu Chengzhong , Han Junying , Feng Quan , Qi Enfang , Qu Yaying , Ma Baixiong
Published: January 2025

Potato is one of the most important food crops in the world and occupies a crucial position in China’s agricultural development. Due to the large number of potato varieties and the phenomenon of variety mixing, the development of the potato industry is seriously affected. Therefore, accurate identification of potato varieties is a key link to promote the development of the potato industry. Deep learning technology is used to identify potato varieties with good accuracy, but there are relatively few related studies. Thus, this paper introduces an enhanced Swin Transformer classification model named MSR-SwinT (Multi-scale residual Swin Transformer). The model employs a multi-scale feature fusion module in place of patch partitioning and linear embedding. This approach effectively extracts features of various scales and enhances the model’s feature extraction capability. Additionally, the residual learning strategy is integrated into the Swin Transformer block, effectively addressing the issue of gradient disappearance and enabling the model to capture complex features more effectively. The model can better capture complex features. The enhanced MSR-SwinT model is validated using the potato plant dataset, demonstrating strong performance in potato plant image recognition with an accuracy of 94.64%. This represents an improvement of 3.02 percentage points compared to the original Swin Transformer model. Experimental evidence shows that the improved model performs better and generalizes better, providing a more effective solution for potato variety identification.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Stress Symptom Classification of Cucumber Seedlings Grown in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Lee Kyu-Ho , Samsuzzaman  , Reza Md Nasim , Islam Sumaiya , Ahmed Shahriar , Cho Yeon Jin , Noh Dong Hee , Chung Sun-Ok
Published: January 2025

Stress by unfavorable environmental conditions, including temperature, light intensity, and photoperiod, significantly impact early-stage growth in crops, such as cucumber seedlings, often resulting in yield reduction and quality degradation. Advanced machine learning (ML) models combined with image-based analysis offer promising solutions for precise, non-invasive stress monitoring. This study aims to classify environmental stress symptom levels in cucumber seedlings using ML models by extracting critical color, texture, and morphological features from RGB images. In a controlled plant factory setup, two-week-old cucumber seedlings were subjected to varied environmental conditions across five chambers with differing temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C), light intensities (50, 250, and 450 µmol m−2 s−1), and day-night cycles (8/16, 10/14, and 16/8 h). A cost-effective RGB camera, integrated with a microcontroller, captured images from the top of the seedlings over a two-week period, from which sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) and correlation matrices were used to streamline feature extraction. Four ML classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF), were trained to detect stress symptoms based on selected features, highlighting that stress symptoms were detectable after day 4. KNN achieved the highest accuracy at 0.94 (94%), followed closely by SVM and RF, both at 93%, while NB reached 88%. Findings suggested that color and texture features were critical indicators of stress, and that the KNN model, with optimized hyperparameters, provided a reliable classification for stress symptom monitoring for seedlings under controlled environments. This study highlights the potential of ML-driven stress symptom detection models for controlled seedling production, enabling real-time decision-making to optimize crop health and productivity.
Evaluation of the Effects of Degradable Mulching Film on the Growth, Yield and Economic Benefit of Garlic
Authors: Song Jiangping , Jia Huixia , Wang Yang , Zhang Xiaohui , Yang Wenlong , Zhang Tingting , Wang Naijian , Yang Jianqiang , Wang Haiping
Published: January 2025

Polyethylene mulch film (PEM) is widely utilized in garlic cultivation, significantly enhancing garlic yield. However, the prolonged use of this material leads to serious environmental issues that adversely affect soil health and plant growth. To promote the adoption of biodegradable mulch film (BDM) in garlic cultivation, we investigate the effects of BDMs with thicknesses of 0.006 mm, 0.008 mm, and 0.010 mm on garlic growth and soil properties, comparing them with the commonly used PEM 0.008 mm. The results indicated that the agronomic traits of garlic were significantly improved under both PEM and BDMs compared to no mulching, with yield increases ranging from 75.42% to 90.39%. The highest garlic yield was observed with the BDM 0.008 mm. Most above-ground agronomic traits of garlic did not exhibit significant differences between PEM and BDMs, although a few traits showed slight increases under the BDMs 0.008 mm and 0.010 mm. The quality characteristics of garlic bulbs, including the contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C, and allicin, did not differ significantly between PEM and BDMs. Soil temperature was significantly higher under both PEM and BDMs compared to no mulching. In comparison to PEM 0.008 mm, the application of BDMs 0.006 mm and 0.008 mm significantly enhanced potassium availability in the soil. Furthermore, the activities of catalase, phosphatase, and invertase were notably increased under the BDM 0.008 mm, suggesting that this type of mulch could improve the physicochemical properties of the soil. Additionally, the BDM 0.008 mm remained intact throughout the low-temperature overwintering period, began to partially degrade as temperatures rose in March and April, and exhibited considerable fragmentation during the maturity and harvest periods of garlic. Its degradation rate was well aligned with the growth requirements of garlic. Taken together, these findings suggested that the BDM 0.008 mm is particularly effective, resulting in significant yield increase and an appropriate degradation rate. These results provided a valuable reference for the selection and application of BDM in garlic cultivation.
Mitochondrial Management of ROS in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Authors: Venditti Paola , Napolitano Gaetana
Published: January 2025

Mitochondria are found, with rare exceptions [...]
The Impact of Collaboration Patterns and Network Centrality on Long-Term Contribution in GitHub Project
Authors: Jo Suhee , Kwon Gihwon
Published: January 2025

Open-source software (OSS) projects rely on collaborative contributions, yet sustaining long-term engagement remains a challenge. This study examines how contributor activity frequency and network centrality impact sustained contributions in 672 GitHub repositories. Using k-core decomposition and model checking, we find that contributors with higher k-core values manage more pull requests. Additionally, they show greater resilience in continuing to contribute after pull request rejections, a behavior rarely seen in non-core contributors. Moreover, the likelihood of long-term engagement increases significantly when contributors’ pull requests are processed swiftly, with delayed or rejected pull requests resulting in higher disengagement, particularly among peripheral contributors. We also observe that as project networks grow more complex over time, core contributors become essential in maintaining project sustainability. These findings offer new insights into fostering core contributor retention and underscore the need for efficient governance and PR management practices in OSS projects.
Research Progress and Engineering Applications of Viscous Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Peng Jianjun , Feng Run , Xue Meng , Zhou Erhao , Wang Junhua , Zhong Zhidan , Ku Xiangchen
Published: January 2025

This paper systematically reviews the development of viscous fluid mechanics and expounds the current research status of viscous fluid mechanics from the aspects of permeability experiments and research on viscous fluids, particle distribution and movement, droplet impact, modern computer technology simulation, etc. This paper summarizes the application status of viscous fluid mechanics theory in aerospace, fluid simulation, bioengineering, pipeline transportation, and other engineering fields, analyzes the influence of multiphysical field coupling, complex flow, and new materials on viscous fluid mechanics, and puts forward its development trend in algorithms, simulation, biomedicine, aerospace, and other fields.
A Novel Hybrid Die Design for Enhanced Grain Refinement: Vortex Extrusion–Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (Vo-CAP)
Authors: Beytüt Hüseyin , Özbeyaz Kerim , Temiz Şemsettin
Published: January 2025

A novel hybrid Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) method called Vortex Extrusion–Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (Vo-CAP) was developed and applied to AA6082 workpieces in this study. Before experimental application, a comprehensive optimization of the die design was performed considering effective strain, strain inhomogeneity, and pressing load parameters. The optimization process utilized an integrated approach combining Finite Element Analysis (FEA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The optimized die successfully achieved a balance between maximizing effective strain while minimizing pressing load and strain inhomogeneity. The Vo-CAP process incorporates a unique conical die design that enables assembly without traditional fasteners. Moreover, this novel die combines VE and ECAP advantages in a single-pass operation. While VE has been previously studied, experimental work was limited to specific configurations, and its integration with ECAP had not been explored. Through the development of Vo-CAP, this research gap has been addressed. The results showed substantial enhancements in hardness values, ultimate tensile strength, and strain homogeneity. These findings demonstrate that Vo-CAP represents a significant advancement in SPD, offering an efficient single-pass process for improving the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys through grain refinement.
sRrsR-Net: A New Low-Light Image Enhancement Network via Raw Image Reconstruction
Authors: Hong Zhiyong , Zhen Dexin , Xiong Liping , Li Xuechen , Lin Yuhan
Published: January 2025

Most existing low-light image enhancement (LIE) methods are primarily designed for human-vision-friendly image formats, such as sRGB, due to their convenient storage and smaller file sizes. In addition, raw images provide greater detail and a wider dynamic range, which makes them more suitable for LIE tasks. Despite these advantages, raw images, the original format captured by cameras, are larger and less accessible and are hard to use in methods of LIE with mobile devices. In order to leverage both the advantages of sRGB and raw domains while avoiding the direct use of raw images as training data, this paper introduces sRrsR-Net, a novel framework with the image translation process of sRGB–raw–sRGB for LIE task. In our approach, firstly, the RGB-to-iRGB module is designed to convert sRGB images into intermediate RGB feature maps. Then, with these intermediate feature maps, to bridge the domain gap between sRGB and raw pixels, the RAWFormer module is proposed to employ global attention to effectively align features between the two domains to generate reconstructed raw images. For enhancing the raw images and restoring them back to normal-light sRGB, unlike traditional Image Signal Processing (ISP) pipelines, which are often bulky and integrate numerous processing steps, we propose the RRAW-to-sRGB module. This module simplifies the process by focusing only on color correction and white balance, while still delivering competitive results. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets referring to both domains demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Phase Transition and Controlled Zirconia Implant Patterning Using Laser-Induced Shockwaves
Authors: Majidov Inomjon , Allamyradov Yaran , Kylychbekov Salizhan , Khuzhakulov Zikrulloh , Er Ali Oguz
Published: January 2025

Zirconia is increasingly favored for dental implants owing to its corrosion resistance, hypoallergenic properties, and superior esthetics, but its biocompatibility remains a challenge. This study explores laser-assisted surface modification to enhance zirconia bioactivity. Zirconia transitions from the monoclinic to the tetragonal phase during sintering, with mixed phases observed in the pre-sintered stage. These transitions are critical for understanding its structural stability and malleability. Grid patterns were imprinted on the green body implant surface using a 1064 nm Nd-YAG laser (Continuum Surelite II, San Jose, CA, USA), with mesh sizes ranging from 7 to 50 µm and depths up to 2 µm, controlled by varying laser fluence, irradiation time, and templates. SEM, AFM, and XRD analyses were used to characterize the surface morphology and crystallography. Protein adsorption studies compared two patterned samples with different surface coverage—the first sample had a patterned area of 0.212 cm2 (27%), while the second sample had a patterned area of 0.283 cm2 (36%)—to a control sample. Protein adsorption increased by 92% in the first and 169% in the second sample, demonstrating a direct correlation between increased pattern area and bioactivity. Enhanced protein adsorption facilitates cell attachment and growth, which are crucial for improving osseointegration. These results underscore the potential of laser-assisted surface modification to optimize zirconia’s performance as a medical implant material.
Optimal Lane Allocation Strategy in Toll Stations for Mixed Human-Driven and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Chai Zuoyu , Ran Tanghong , Xu Min
Published: January 2025

Highway toll stations are equipped with electronic toll collection (ETC) lanes and manual toll collection (MTC) lanes. It is anticipated that connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), MTC human-driven vehicles (MTC-HVs), and ETC human-driven vehicles (ETC-HVs) will coexist for a long time, sharing toll station infrastructure. To fully leverage the congestion reduction potential of ETC, this paper addresses the problem of ETC lane allocation at toll stations under heterogeneous traffic flows, modeling it as a mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel programming problem (MINLBP). The objective is to minimize total toll station travel time by optimizing the number of ETC lanes at station entrances and exits while considering ETC-HVs’ lane selection behavior based on the user equilibrium principle. As both upper-level and lower-level problems are convex, the bilevel problem is transformed into an equivalent single-level optimization using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions of the lower-level problem, and numerical solutions are obtained using the commercial solver Gurobi. Based on surveillance video data from the Liulin toll station (Lianhuo Expressway) in Zhengzhou, China, numerical experiments were conducted. The results illustrate that the proposed method reduces total vehicle travel time by 90.44% compared to the current lane allocation scheme or the proportional lane allocation method. Increasing the proportion of CAVs or ETC-HVs helps accommodate high traffic demand. Dynamically adjusting lane allocation in response to variations in traffic arrival rates is proven to be a more effective supply strategy than static allocation. Moreover, regarding the interesting conclusion that all ETC-HVs choose the ETC lanes, we derived the relaxed analytical solution of MINLBP using a parameter iteration method. The analytical solution confirmed the validity of the numerical experiment results. The findings of this study can effectively and conveniently guide lane allocation at highway toll stations to improve traffic efficiency.
The Influence of Electrode Impedance on the Parameters of Visual Evoked Potentials
Authors: Górecka Joanna
Published: January 2025

The choice of a proper electrode is determined mainly by the type of examination. For recording spontaneous activity of the brain (EEG), two types of reusable electrodes should be considered, i.e., cup (Au, Ag, Ag/AgCl) and sintered bridge electrodes (SBEs) with a gold or silver pin. In the case of evoked potentials (EPs), only cup electrodes are used. To test the effect of electrode choice on the parameters of evoked potentials, twenty reusable electrodes of each type, i.e., Au, Ag, Ag/AgCl, were used to record visual evoked potentials (VEPs). The electrodes were then further tested by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The presented research confirms the existence of an effect of the number of examinations performed with the same set of reusable cup electrodes on the values of the VEP parameters. A prolongation of the latencies and variability in the amplitudes for all the individual VEP components were observed. The obtained results suggest possible advantages of using reusable cup electrodes only once. An alternative to these electrodes may be solutions based on materials composed of polymers or dry electrodes.