bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Analysis of Avoiding Gastrostomy Tube in Robin Sequence Neonates that Undergo Mandibular Distraction
Authors: Belcher Ryan H. , Patel Kalpana , Goudy Steven , Gelbard Alexander , Hatch L. Dupree , Morris Emily A. , Golinko Michael , Phillips James D. , Scott Andrew
Published: October 2024

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate costs associated with perioperative gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) placement for neonates with Robin sequence (PRS) that undergo mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO).

Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed to examine the medical records of neonates with RS who received treatment at our institution between 2012 and 2021. Patients under 6 months of age that underwent MDO for RS were included. Billing records of hospital costs over a 2‐year period were analyzed.

Results

The study included 26 total patients with 11 in the MDO‐only group, 9 in G‐tube after MDO group, and 6 in G‐tube before MDO group. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in total hospital costs between groups with MDO‐only group averaging $119,532 (SD 33,503), the G‐tube after MDO group averaging $245,315 (SD 102,327), and G‐tube before MDO group averaging $252,300 (SD 84,990). Multiple linear regression was performed controlling for genetic syndrome and birth weight, which still showed a statistically significant difference in total cost between the MDO‐only group and G‐tube after MDO (p = 0.006), and between the MDO‐only group and G‐tube prior to MDO (p = 0.01). There was a significant difference in costs between all three groups for total inpatient/outpatient costs with MDO‐only group averaging $78,502 (SD 30,953), the G‐tube after MDO group averaging $176,125 (SD 84,315), and the G‐tube prior to MDO group averaging $156,309 (SD 95,746).

Conclusions

MDO performed without perioperative G‐tube placement may reduce charges by >$100,000. The associated improvement of dysphagia after MDO surgery and potential for avoiding a G‐tube has tremendous downstream cost and social benefits for families.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 135:1192–1198, 2025
Application of Sortase‐Mediated Ligation for the Synthesis of Block Copolymers and Protein‐Polymer Conjugates
Authors: Martin Johannes , Michaelis Marcus , Petrović Saša , Lehnen Anne‐Catherine , Müllers Yannic , Wendler Petra , Möller Heiko M. , Hartlieb Matthias , Glebe Ulrich
Published: October 2024

Sortase‐mediated ligation (SML) has become a powerful tool for site‐specific protein modification. However, sortase A (SrtA) suffers from low catalytic efficiency and mediates an equilibrium reaction. Therefore, ligations with large macromolecules may be challenging. Here, the synthesis of polymeric building blocks for sortase‐mediated ligation constituting peptide‐polymers with either the recognition sequence for sortase A (LPX1TGX2) or its nucleophilic counterpart (Gx) is demonstrated. The peptide‐polymers are synthesized by solid‐phase peptide synthesis followed by photo‐iniferter (PI) reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization of various monomers. The building blocks are subsequently utilized to investigate possibilities and limitations when using macromolecules in SML. In particular, diblock copolymers are obtained even when using the orthogonal building blocks in equimolar ratio by exploiting a technique to shift the reaction equilibrium. However, ligations of two polymers can not be achieved when the degree of polymerization exceeds 100. Subsequently, C‐terminal protein‐polymer conjugates are synthesized. Several polymers are utilized that can replace the omnipresent polyethylene glycol (PEG) in future therapeutics. The conjugation is exemplified with a nanobody that is known for efficient neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2. The study demonstrates a universal approach to polymer‐LPX1TGX2 and Gx‐polymer building blocks and gives insight into their application in SML.
Recent Advances in Self‐Assembling Peptide‐Based Nanomaterials for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Tang Runqun , Liu Xiaoyang , Liang Gaolin , Sun Xianbao
Published: October 2024

Self‐assembling peptide‐based materials with ordered nanostructures possess advantages such as good biocompatibility and biodegradability, superior controllability, and ease of chemical modification. Through covalent conjugation or non‐covalent encapsulation, photosensitizers (PSs) can be carried by self‐assembling peptide‐based nanomaterials for targeted delivery towards tumor tissues. This improves the stability, solubility, and tumor accumulation of PSs, as well as reduces their dark toxicity. More importantly, these nanomaterials can be tailored with responsiveness to tumor microenvironment, which enables smart release of PSs for precise and enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, the self‐assembly of peptide from the perspective of driving forces is first described, and various self‐assembling peptide materials with zero to 3D nanostructures are subsequently highlighted for PDT of cancers in recent years. Finally, an outlook in this field is provided to motivate fabrication of advanced PDT nanomaterials.
Recent Advances in Ionic Liquid‐Based Hybrid Materials for Electroactive Soft Actuator Applications
Authors: Fernandes L.C. , Correia D.M. , Costa C.M. , Lanceros‐Mendez S.
Published: October 2024

Actuator systems are among the most noteworthy aspects of the rapidly expanding field of smart and multifunctional materials, which is having a substantial impact on a number of application areas. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a particularly relevant option for the development of hybrid materials for actuator applications, because of their simple processing and tailored response. This review work focuses on ionic liquid‐based polymer blends for soft actuator applications. The main properties of IL for these applications are highlighted and the state of the art of actuator devices is presented by the type of polymer matrix. Finally, the main conclusions and future trends are presented, in order to properly tailor the characteristics and functional response of IL‐blends for actuator applications.
The Effect of Venous Augmentation on Complication Rates in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Germann Alexander , Palines Patrick , Doran Hannah , Melancon Devin M. , St. Hilaire Hugo , Allen Robert J. , Stalder Mark
Published: October 2024

Background

With the rising popularity of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap in breast reconstruction, use of the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) to augment venous outflow has been proposed as a strategy to prevent venous congestion, a complication positively associated with flap volume. This study evaluated the impact of routine SIEV venous augmentation on the risk of vascular complications or operative fat necrosis in the context of flap size and operating time.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study compared complication rates of patients with SIEV‐augmented DIEP flaps to controls over a 3‐year period. Outcomes assessed included vascular complications, defined as venous congestion or compromise requiring take‐back, partial flap necrosis, total flap loss, as well as operative fat necrosis. Relative risk was modeled by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess for an interaction effect by flap mass.

Results

The study sample included 197 patients with 316 flaps. The mean mass of the SIEV‐augmented flaps was significantly greater than in the control group (832.9 vs. 653.9 g; p = 0.0007). After adjustment for flap characteristics, patient demographic factors, and comorbidities, pooled risk of vascular complication and operative fat necrosis was found to be significantly lower in the SIEV‐augmented group compared to controls (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% CI [0.11–1.00]; p = 0.0489). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated no effect interaction by flap weight (p = 0.5139).

Conclusion

Routine venous outflow augmentation via anastomosis of SIEV to the internal mammary vein perforator at the second intercostal space significantly reduced the risk of vascular complications and operative fat necrosis, regardless of flap weight. No significant increase in operative time was observed among cases in which augmentation was performed.
Implementation of the Zienkiewicz–Pande Model into a Four‐Dimensional Lattice Spring Model for Plasticity and Fracture
Authors: Wei Xin‐Dong , Li Zhe , Zhao Gao‐Feng
Published: October 2024

Plasticity and fracture problems have always been hot topics in numerical methods. In this work, a universal implementation procedure for the elasto‐plastic constitutive model is developed in the four‐dimensional lattice spring model (4D‐LSM), in which the Jaumann stress rate is incorporated to exclude the influence of the rigid rotation in the particle stress, expanding the ability of 4D‐LSM to deal with large elastic deformation problems by its own to large plastic deformation problems. As an example, the Zienkiewicz–Pande (ZP) constitutive model is implemented. Several numerical examples are carried out to check the performance of the implemented model. Through a comparison with analytical solutions, available experimental data, and other numerical results, the stability of the developed plastic framework and the correctness of the stress calculation scheme are verified. Meanwhile, numerical results show that the developed code is capable of solving elasto‐plastic large deformation problems. With the advantage of 4D‐LSM in handling fracture problems, the ability of the embedded model to solve plastic fracture problems is verified with a simple maximum deformation failure criterion.
Accelerated 2D radial Look‐Locker T1 mapping using a deep learning‐based rapid inversion recovery sampling technique
Authors: Ahanonu Eze , Goerke Ute , Johnson Kevin , Toner Brian , Martin Diego R. , Deshpande Vibhas , Bilgin Ali , Altbach Maria
Published: October 2024

Efficient abdominal coverage with T1‐mapping methods currently available in the clinic is limited by the breath hold period (BHP) and the time needed for T1 recovery. This work develops a T1‐mapping framework for efficient abdominal coverage based on rapid T1 recovery curve (T1RC) sampling, slice‐selective inversion, optimized slice interleaving, and a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based T1 estimation. The effect of reducing the T1RC sampling was evaluated by comparing T1 estimates from T1RC ranging from 0.63 to 2.0 s with reference T1 values obtained from T1RC = 2.5–5 s. Slice interleaving methodologies were evaluated by comparing the T1 variation in abdominal organs across slices. The repeatability of the proposed framework was demonstrated by performing acquisition on test subjects across imaging sessions. Analysis of in vivo data based on retrospectively shortening the T1RC showed that with the CNN framework, a T1RC = 0.84 s yielded T1 estimates without significant changes in mean T1 (p > 0.05) or significant increase in T1 variability (p > 0.48) compared to the reference. Prospectively acquired data using T1RC = 0.84 s, an optimized slice interleaving scheme, and the CNN framework enabled 21 slices in a 20 s BHP. Analyses across abdominal organs produced T1 values within 2% of the reference. Repeatability experiments yielded Pearson's correlation, repeatability coefficient, and coefficient of variation of 0.99, 2.5%, and 0.12%, respectively. The proposed T1 mapping framework provides full abdominal coverage within a single BHP.
Academic resilience of nursing students during COVID‐19: An analysis using machine learning methods
Authors: Jiesisibieke Zhu Liduzi , Ye Mao , Xu Weifang , Chuang Yen‐Ching , Liou James J. H. , Tung Tao‐Hsin , Chien Ching‐Wen
Published: October 2024

Aim

This cross‐sectional study investigates the factors that contribute to academic resilience among nursing students during COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A survey was conducted in a general hospital between November and December 2022. The Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory (NSARI) model was used to assess the academic resilience of 96 nursing students. The Boruta method was then used to identify the core factors influencing overall academic resilience, and rough set analysis was used to analyse the behavioural patterns associated with these factors.

Results

Attributes were categorised into three importance levels. Three statistically significant attributes were identified (“I earn my patient's trust by making suitable communication,” “I receive support from my instructors,” and “I try to endure academic hardship”) based on comparison with shadow attributes. The rough set analysis showed nine main behavioural patterns. Random forest, support vector machines, and backpropagation artificial neural networks were used to test the performance of the model, with accuracies ranging from 73.0% to 76.9%.

Conclusion

Our results provide possible strategies for improving academic resilience and competence of nursing students.
The fate of bones after grave reopening: Bone taphonomy and preservation in Sarmatian sites in Serbia
Authors: Šarkić Tamara , Djurić Marija
Published: October 2024

The skeletal material from Sarmatian cemeteries in the Pannonian Plain (Hungary, Romania, Serbia), dating from the first to the fifth century ce, has exhibited poor preservation. This has been attributed to historical grave robbery, although no analysis of the skeletal remains or taphonomic processes has been conducted. A recent study focused on statistically assessing skeletal preservation and taphonomic examinations of skeletal remains from 152 graves in the Vojvodina territory (Serbia), utilizing interdisciplinary methodologies. The study found that grave reopening in the past contributed to bone fragmentation in two ways: first, by directly damaging and scattering the bones and, second, by leaving the skeletal material exposed to surface and weathering conditions for an extended period. Additionally, the Sarmatian burial practice of placing the dead in solid tree trunk coffins has also resulted in poor skeletal preservation, as indicated by coffin wear modifications on the bones. This research has provided new insights into the various anthropogenic and natural processes that affect skeletal remains from reopened graves, thereby supporting the reconstruction of Sarmatian funerary archeology.
The Barriers and Facilitators of Shared Decision Making in Pediatric Otolaryngology: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khan Usman , Luther Erin , Cassidy Christine E. , Boss Emily , Meister Kara D. , Bohm Lauren , Elise Graham M. , Hong Paul
Published: October 2024

Objective

To identify barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision making (SDM) in pediatric otolaryngology.

Study Design

A qualitative study.

Setting

Semistructured interviews of pediatric otolaryngologists.

Methods

The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used as a guide for data collection and analysis to consider capability, opportunity, and motivation (COM‐B) factors. The focal surgical procedures were tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and tympanostomy tube placement. Deductive and inductive coding of interview transcripts according to TDF/COM‐B domains were performed by 2 separate reviewers.

Results

A total of 11 interviews were conducted to achieve data saturation. The 4 dominant themes were: (1) inconsistent inclusion of SDM elements in practice, (2) social influences from parents, (3) environmental context, and (4) applicability of SDM in otolaryngology. Theme 1 identified that surgeons perceived SDM as a feature of their practice. However, the discussion of parents' values was seen as less explicit and structured interview formats were not commonly employed. Theme 2 demonstrated that surgeons saw parents' preconsult “agenda” as influencing their openness to consider multiple treatment options. Theme 3 pointed to the barriers of short appointment times, challenges in the use of support staff and lack of decision aids. Theme 4 emphasized surgeons' belief in the value of SDM and that parents' involvement in decision making reduced likelihood of decisional regret.

Conclusion

Pediatric otolaryngologists strongly support the value of SDM during clinical encounters, particularly to allow parent ownership of decisions regarding treatment. The major barriers were lack of clinical translation of SDM knowledge, social influences, and environmental factors.
APRIL/BAFF upregulation is associated with clonal B‐cell expansion in Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis
Authors: Horie Masafumi , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Katoh Hiroto , Taguchi Satoru , Nakamura Masaki , Mizuguchi Keishi , Ito Yukinobu , Matsushita Takashi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Ishikawa Shumpei , Goto Akiteru , Kume Haruki , Homma Yukio , Maeda Daichi
Published: October 2024

Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (HIC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder with an unknown etiology. We conducted comprehensive immunogenomic profiling of bladder specimens obtained by biopsy and cystectomy from 37 patients with HIC. Next‐generation RNA sequencing demonstrated abundant plasma cell infiltration with frequent light chain restriction in HIC‐affected bladder tissue. Subsequent analysis of the B‐cell receptor repertoire revealed spatial and temporal expansion of B‐cell clones. The extent of B‐cell clonal expansion was significantly correlated with the gene expression levels of TNFSF13 and TNFSF13B, which encode APRIL and BAFF, respectively. These findings indicate that APRIL and BAFF are the key regulators of clonal B‐cell expansion in HIC and might serve as therapeutic targets in this debilitating disease. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Multi‐objective stiffness and mass optimization of bio‐inspired hierarchical grid‐honeycomb sandwich structures with cutouts considering buckling constraints
Authors: Lv Hangyu , Shi Shanshan , Chen Bingzhi , Wen Zhichao , Sun Zhi
Published: October 2024

The engineering structures with cutouts should consider both buckling and stiffness. Inspired by the multi‐level leaf veins, in this paper, the skeleton of the grid‐honeycomb sandwich structure was designed in the hierarchical form, and combined with the cutout characteristics of the side walls of the railway vehicle body, the multi‐objective stiffness and mass optimization of the skeleton layout under buckling constraints was achieved. The cutout honeycomb sandwich structure was designed with orthogonal grids in the stiffness design area and curved grids based on the quadratic polynomial in the buckling design area. The optimization model also included the linear angle hierarchical grid, the constant angle hierarchical grid, and the single‐level orthogonal grid. The multi‐objective optimization framework based on the Radial Basis Function (RBF) surrogate model and the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) was developed. The optimization results indicated that the hierarchical grid provided the more extensive design space. The optimal solution of the quadratic polynomial hierarchical grid had the highest stiffness and stiffness per unit mass compared to the rest of the grid layouts, which were 23.28% and 30.47% higher than the single‐level orthogonal grid, respectively. Finally, the multi‐order eigenvalue buckling was analyzed based on the optimal structure.

Highlights

Layout of hierarchical grids proposed inspired by multi‐level leaf veins.

Orthogonal grids ensure stiffness and curved grids inhibit buckling at cutouts.

Apply the hierarchical grids as skeletons to honeycomb sandwich structures.

Stiffness and mass optimization subject to buckling constraints is performed.
Bridging the gap: A novel approach for predicting the Young's modulus of nanodiamond polymer composites
Authors: Nematollahi Hadi , Mohammadi Mohsen , Munir Muhammad Tajammal , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop
Published: October 2024

In this study, we present a model for predicting the Young's modulus of polymer/nanodiamond (ND) composites, taking into account the interphase properties. The Christensen‐Lo model is adapted and refined to predict the modulus of ND‐based nanocomposites by considering the properties of spherical NDs and their surrounding interphase. The outcomes of the developed model are benchmarked against experimental data, exploring the impact of various parameters, such as ND radius, ND concentration, and interphase properties (thickness and modulus) on the nanocomposite modulus. Findings suggest an inverse correlation between the size of the nanoparticles and the modulus of nanocomposite. Specifically, it is observed that nanoparticles with a minimum radius of 1 nm and a maximum concentration of 5 vol% can increase the nanocomposite modulus by 180%. Additionally, maximum thickness and modulus of the interphase can significantly improve the nanocomposite modulus. The highest interphase thickness of 10 nm and maximum interphase modulus of 100 GPa can grow the modulus of samples by 300%. The predicted influences of all parameters on the nanocomposite modulus validate the accuracy of the developed model.

Highlights

A model for the Young's modulus of polymer nanodiamond (ND) composites is presented.

ND radius, ND concentration, and interphase thickness and modulus are considered.

The outcomes of the developed model are compared to the experimental data.

5 vol% of the smallest ND (R = 1 nm) increases the nanocomposite modulus by 180%.

The thickest and the toughest interphase enhance the nanocomposite modulus by 300%.
Mahua oil cake microcellulose as a performance enhancer in flax fiber composites: Mechanical strength and sound absorption analysis
Authors: M Sathesh Babu , R Ramamoorthi , S Gokulkumar , K Manickaraj
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating Mahua oil cake microcellulose (MOCM) on the mechanical and sound absorption properties of flax fiber‐reinforced polymer composites fabricated using the compression molding technique. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that MOCM had a crystallite size (Cs) of 6.71 nm and a crystallinity index (CI) of 63.25%, indicating its potential for mechanical reinforcement. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that MOCM exhibits thermal stability up to 355.44°C, which is suitable for high‐temperature applications. Mechanical testing revealed that the incorporating 7.5 wt.% MOCM into flax fiber composites achieved optimal results, with the tensile strength reaching 70.23 MPa, flexural strength peaking at 113.23 MPa, and impact strength at 33.4 kJ/m2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the improved interfacial bonding between the fibers and matrix, contributing to enhanced mechanical performance. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) and sound absorption coefficient (SAC) also improved with increasing MOCM content, with the highest SAC (0.328) and NRC (0.312) values observed at 10 wt.% MOCM. These findings suggest that MOCM enhances both the mechanical and acoustic properties of flax fiber composites, making it a promising material for applications in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries, where both structural integrity and sound absorption are critical.

Highlights

Novel use of MOCM as sustainable cellulose for polymer composites

Synergy of MOCM and flax fibers enhances mechanical and acoustic properties

7.5% MOCM compositions optimally improves strength and sound absorption

MOCM: eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic fillers in polymers

Comprehensive MOCM characterization for future biomaterial applications
Fabrication and assessment on morphological, thermal stability and self‐healing efficiency of microcapsule‐based jute/epoxy bio‐composites
Authors: Adil Md. Mahmudul , Rabbi M. S. , Tasnim Tasfia
Published: October 2024

In this study, microcapsule‐based jute fiber reinforced epoxy self‐healing composites were fabricated using the vacuum bagging technique. Water‐soluble epoxy microcapsules were synthesized by the in‐situ polymerization method. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis showed that the substantial microcapsule size varies from 3 to 15 μm. Microcapsule of 3 wt.% amount was incorporated in the sample. Healing capability of the composite was assessed via impact strength recovery. Incorporating microcapsules within the cracked surface of the composite facilitated healing, demonstrating notable improvements in efficiency. Results indicated that the epoxy composite healed from a 1 mm deep crack exhibited higher impact strength recovery than samples healed from a 1.5 mm deep crack, with healing efficiencies of 83.9% and 78.89%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and energy dispersive x‐ray of the sample confirmed the presence of relevant chemical groups in both microcapsules and the composite. In thermogravimetric analysis, it is found a mass loss of 10.3% during the initial stage of decomposition, occurring between 180 and 250°C following the final phase of thermal degradation upto 500°C.

Highlights

Microcapsule‐based self‐healing jute/epoxy bio‐composite has been fabricated.

3 wt.% water‐soluble epoxy microcapsules were incorporated in sample preparation.

Healing assessment was investigated using impact strength recovery method.

Maximum 83.9% efficiency was measured for healing from pristine sample.

Samples were undergone SEM, EDX, FT‐IR, and TGA analysis.
Verification of five‐factor models and reference scores for personality dysfunction and trait domains of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD‐11 (PAQ‐11), revised version
Authors: Kim Youl‐Ri , Choi Jisu , Tyrer Peter
Published: October 2024

A brief self‐reported measure of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for the 11th edition of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Disease (ICD‐11) (PAQ‐11) was developed to evaluate ICD‐11 personality traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of the revised PAQ‐11 version (PAQ‐11R) with an additional item in the Dissociality domain and thresholds for the severity of personality dysfunction and domains. Study 1 examined the construct validity of the PAQ‐11R in 192 university students in Korea. Study 2 estimated tentative reference scores of personality dysfunction and domains of the PAQ‐11R in 91 patients in Korea. In study 1, the PAQ‐11R had a five‐factor structure and the revised Dissociality scale had better convergent and discriminant validities than the previous version. In study 2, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the PAQ‐11R identified a threshold score of 35. Reference scores for domains were estimated as 15 for Negative Affectivity, 10 for Detachment, 8 for Anankastia, and 5 each for Disinhibition and Dissociality. These scores contribute to severity of personality disturbance but remain qualifiers only; they are not diagnostic. The results suggest that the PAQ‐11R is useful as a quick assessment tool for identifying the domains of personality dysfunction in clinical practice in harmony with the ICD‐11 guidelines.
From multistakeholderism to digital sovereignty: Toward a new discursive order in internet governance?
Authors: Pohle Julia , Santaniello Mauro
Published: October 2024

Since the early 2000s, the multistakeholder governance approach has been the reference model for transnational internet governance, reaching far beyond the original field of technical coordination and standard‐setting. But over the last decade many countries, including democracies supportive of multistakeholderism, have adopted measures to strengthen their digital sovereignty. Thereby, they have been advancing discourses and practices that reinforce state power with regard to the digital and are often at odds with the multistakeholder model. This paper analyzes the emerging dialectic between multistakeholder internet governance and digital sovereignty by seeking to understand how the pursuit of digital sovereignty is increasingly challenging the hegemony of the multistakeholder discourse in internet governance. To this purpose, it reassesses the historical development of power struggles over the internet through the analytical lenses of the discourse coalition framework. After reconstructing how the multistakeholder discourse has emerged and institutionalized in the internet governance arena, the paper retraces the expansion of the digital sovereignty discourse, regarding both the actors promoting it and the narratives attached to it. It also identifies key motivations behind this discourse. Finally, the paper discusses whether the digital sovereignty discourse is emerging as a new discursive order in the internet governance field and draws attention to conditions that could either support or weaken its emergence.
Synergistic Effect of Ternary CoFeCr‐LDH and MXene on Enhancing Flame Retardant and Smoke Inhibition Properties of TPU Composites
Authors: Liu Haitao , Xiong Kesi , Yu Xiaojiao , Liu Wen , Du Fanglin , Qian Yi , Li Long
Published: October 2024

Both Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) and MXene are two‐dimensional layered materials recognized for their remarkable flame‐retardant properties. Combining these materials enhances the fabrication of high‐performance flame retardants. In this work, a ternary CoFeCr‐LDH@MXene hybrid material was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method, effectively mitigating heat release, smoke generation, and toxic gas emissions during the combustion of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU). Compared to pristine TPU, the composite material TPU/2wt%CoFeCr‐LDH@MXene demonstrated reductions in peak heat release rate (pHRR) by 39.4%, total heat release (THR) by 28.3%, peak smoke production rate (pSPR) by 61.1%, total smoke production (TSP) by 31.3%, and peak carbon monoxide release rate (pCO) by 56.7%. The study revealed that the CoFeCr‐LDH@MXene hybrid not only catalyzes the formation of a high‐quality char layer but also facilitates the conversion of harmful gases into CO2. This research provides insights into the development of efficient ternary LDH@MXene flame retardants and TPU composites with significantly enhanced fire safety.
Risk and Protective Factors of Psychosocial Functioning in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Results of the DCCSS‐LATER Study
Authors: Maas Anne , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Feijen E. A. M (Lieke) , Teepen Jop C. , van der Aa‐van Delden Alied M. , Streefkerk Nina , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Tissing Wim J. E. , Loonen Jacqueline J. , van der Pal Helena J. H. , de Vries Andrica C. H. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Ronckers Cécile , Neggers Sebastian , Bresters Dorine , Louwerens Marloes , Versluys Birgitta A. B. , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , Kremer Leontien C. M. , Grootenhuis Martha ,   DCCSS‐LATER Study Group
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study examines the association between psychosocial risk and protective factors and a wide range of psychosocial outcomes including emotional, social, cognitive, and physical domains in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

Methods

CCS from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS)‐LATER cohort (diagnosed 1963–2001) part 2 (age ≥ 18 years, diagnosed < 18 years, ≥ 5 years since diagnosis) completed questionnaires on psychosocial risk and protective factors (Benefit and Burden Scale, Illness Cognition Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and Impact of Cancer Scale), and psychosocial outcomes (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Self‐Rating Scale for Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder, TNO‐AZL Questionnaire for Adult Health‐Related Quality of Life, and Short Form‐36). Associations were assessed with regression analysis, adjusting for attained age, sex, number of health conditions, and time since diagnosis, while correcting for multiple testing (p < 0.004).

Results

A total of 1382 CCS participated, all diagnosed ≥ 15 years ago. The mean age of participating CCS was 36 years, and 51% were female. Perceived benefit and burden, acceptance, and helplessness, self‐esteem and social support were associated with the psychosocial outcomes. In the models including all psychosocial factors, most associations with psychosocial outcomes were seen for self‐esteem (10×), and perceived burden (9×). Self‐esteem (all β ≤ 0.47) and perceived burden (all β ≤ 0.38) demonstrated strongest associations of medium/large size.

Conclusions

Perceptions of childhood cancer, illness cognitions, self‐esteem, and social support play a role in explaining psychosocial functioning in CCS, outweighing the influence of socio‐demographic and medical variables. Addressing negative perceptions and reducing feelings of helplessness, while promoting acceptance, self‐esteem, and social support, could provide intervention targets for CCS who encounter psychosocial challenges.
Long‐term respiratory consequences of prematurity
Authors: Pijnenburg Mariëlle W
Published: October 2024

Approximately 10% of all children worldwide are born preterm and respiratory consequences are amongst the most common sequelae of preterm birth. Except for a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and hospital admissions, preterm birth is associated with lower lung function that may track into adulthood. Lung function impairment is not restricted to extreme or very preterm‐born subjects as also children born moderate‐late preterm have lower Z‐scores for lung function. Given the heterogeneity of prematurity‐associated lung disease, phenotype‐based, multidisciplinary management is needed to improve respiratory health in preterm‐born subjects.
Economic estimates of invasive wild ungulate damage to livestock producers in Hawai'i
Authors: Shwiff Stephanie A , Auweloa Carolyn LW , Caires Kyle , Friel Greg , Katayama Lauren , Munoz Zachary , Price Melissa R , Risch Derek , Shartaj Mostafa , Steensma Karen , Thorne Mark , Zifko Ray
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Invasive ungulates (hoofed mammals), including deer, feral pigs, feral goats, and feral sheep, are known to cause damage to agriculture, property, natural resources, and many other commodities. Most of the information regarding the economic impacts of wild ungulates is from North America, where some of these species are native. To evaluate invasive ungulate damage to livestock producers in the Hawaiian Islands, which have no native ungulates, a survey was distributed to livestock producers across the state.

RESULTS

Survey results described how total annual costs are distributed among damage, control, and repairs for survey respondents, who represented a significant percentage of total ranchland acreage across the islands. The estimates, excluding fixed fence installation, revealed an annual cost to livestock producers who responded to the survey of US$1.42 million, which ranged from $3.6 million to $7.5 million when extrapolated to the entire state. The large cost contributors included damage to property, pastureland repair, control costs (excluding fencing), supplemental feed, and predation of calves by wild pigs. Additionally, producers reported spending more than $2 million in upfront fence installation costs. Most of these costs were reported by respondents on the islands of Hawai'i and Moloka'i.

CONCLUSION

Study results revealed substantial damage to state livestock producers due to wild ungulates and are useful in determining an invasive ungulate management strategy that can appropriately aid the most impacted sectors of Hawai'i. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Interactions between prosulfocarb and trifluralin metabolism in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)
Authors: Goggin Danica E , Cawthray Gregory R , Busi Roberto
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Cross‐resistance between pre‐emergence herbicides is developing in Australian populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). A previous study has reported that selection with prosulfocarb (a pro‐herbicide requiring bioactivation to its phytotoxic sulfoxide) can decrease metabolic resistance to trifluralin. Metabolism of prosulfocarb and trifluralin was investigated in L. rigidum populations with different levels of resistance to prosulfocarb, trifluralin and also pyroxasulfone, which is detoxified by glutathione (GSH) conjugation.

RESULTS

Coleoptiles and radicles of herbicide‐treated seedlings responded differently to the same herbicide. Radicles had a lower capacity for bioactivation of prosulfocarb, and this was correlated with a lower ability to metabolise trifluralin within and among populations. Coleoptile resistance to prosulfocarb sulfoxide was negatively correlated with abundance of a major polar metabolite. There was no evidence of GSH conjugation with the sulfoxide, making any potential links between prosulfocarb and pyroxasulfone resistance less obvious.

CONCLUSIONS

Activation and metabolism of prosulfocarb in L. rigidum is complex and differentially regulated in different tissues. Selection with prosulfocarb may ameliorate trifluralin metabolism in the radicles, but the relationship between prosulfocarb and pyroxasulfone resistance is not GSH‐mediated. When applying pre‐emergence herbicides, care should be taken with the composition of mixtures and rotations to avoid selection of cross‐resistance between pyroxasulfone and prosulfocarb. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancement of Near‐Infrared Photovoltaic Response of Si/Au Schottky‐Junction Structure by Band‐Bending Approaches
Authors: Yang Yanru , Dai Xiyuan , Shen Dan , Wu Li , Yu Liang , Ma Fengyang , Liu Kaixin , Yan Zhongyao , Sun Jian , Lu Ming
Published: October 2024

A combined approach of band bending is employed to enhance the near‐infrared (NIR) photovoltaic (PV) response of a Si/Au Schottky junction (SHJ) device. As a reference, the basic architecture of the SHJ device consists of textured n‐Si and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Its photoelectric conversion efficiency at 1319 nm wavelength is 0.0302%. A series of band‐bending approaches are then applied to the reference device in sequence, aiming to minimize the electric loss of the structure by strengthening built‐in electric field. These approaches include introductions of an Al2O3 layer for front field passivation, a p+‐Si layer to form a p+n‐like junction at the front of the device and a SiO2 layer for rear field passivation. With these modifications, under 1319 nm illumination, the open‐circuit voltage eventually increases by 14%, the short‐circuit current increases by 18% and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device increases by 66% to reach 0.0501%. The results of this work propose a strategy to minimize the electric loss in an NIR PV device.
A bivariate dependent degradation model based on artificial neural network supported stochastic process and Copula function
Authors: Liu Di , Duan Xiaochuan , Wang Shaoping , Shi Jian , Shang Yaoxing
Published: October 2024

In order to use the high ability of the artificial neural network (ANN) in data fitting, this paper introduces an ANN in stochastic process to describe the mean function for degradation modeling. Due to the fact that the existing method cannot handle the bivariate dependent degradation conditions, a bivariate dependent degradation model based on Copula function and ANN‐supported stochastic processes is proposed. Considering the random effects caused by individual difference, it is assumed that the unknown parameters in the stochastic processes and Copula functions are randomly distributed. Based on the maximum likelihood and moment estimation methods, a related statistical inference method for ANN training and parameter estimation is developed to use the bivariate dependent degradation model. An actual fatigue crack dataset is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The obtained results show that the dependent relationship between two degradation indicators should not be neglected, and it can be efficiently handled by the proposed method. Furthermore, the proposed degradation model can provide reliability and degradation intervals with enough precision due to the fact that it considers the random effects caused by individual difference.
Consecutive time‐intervals‐dependent looped functionals for stability analysis of linear systems with asynchronous sampling
Authors: Park JunMin , Lee Seok Young
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to propose a novel framework employing a looped‐functional approach for the stability analysis of continuous‐time linear systems with asynchronous sampling. In this approach, a negative forward‐difference of a Lyapunov functional consisting of a Lyapunov function and a looped‐functional sufficiently guarantees asymptotic stability of the sampled‐data systems. To reduce the conservatism of the stability criteria, we develop a consecutive time‐intervals‐dependent looped‐functional approach that satisfies a convex looping inequality with respect to each sampling interval. Compared to the existing looped‐functional approaches, the proposed method provides a more general looped‐functional and in turn a more relaxed stability conditions. The existing looped functionals and their associated looping conditions can be considered as special cases of the proposed ones. This relationship can easily be verified by excluding time‐intervals‐dependent terms in the general looped functional. Four numerical examples that consider both periodic and asynchronous sampling cases demonstrate that the proposed looped‐functional approach shows better performance in terms of allowable maximum sampling intervals at a cost of a small additional number of decision variables.
The rank of sparse symmetric matrices over arbitrary fields
Authors: van der Hofstad Remco , Müller Noela , Zhu Haodong
Published: October 2024

Let be an arbitrary field and be a sequence of sparse weighted Erdős–Rényi random graphs on vertices with edge probability , where weights from are assigned to the edges according to a matrix . We show that the normalized rank of the adjacency matrix of converges to a constant, and derive the limiting expression. Our result shows that for the general class of sparse symmetric matrices under consideration, the asymptotics of the normalized rank are independent of the edge weights and even the field, in the sense that the limiting constant for the general case coincides with the one previously established for adjacency matrices of sparse nonweighted Erdős–Rényi matrices over . Our proof, which is purely combinatorial in its nature, is based on an intricate extension of a novel perturbation approach to the symmetric setting.
Associations Between Dietary and Supplemental Vitamin a Intake and Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Mittal Vaishali , So Jodi Y. , Li Shufeng , Swetter Susan M. , Linos Eleni , Van Horn Linda , Neuhouser Marian L. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Tang Jean Y.
Published: October 2024

Background

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are rising in postmenopausal women. Although high doses of oral vitamin A reduce NMSC risk in high-risk patients, the role of vitamin A in preventing skin cancer in this group remains unexplored.

Objectives

To determine the association between total (dietary and supplemental) vitamin A and risk of CM and NMSC in postmenopausal women.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 52 877 White women from the Women's Health Initiative cohort, spanning from 1993 to 2019. Exposures were intake of total vitamin A, retinol and provitamin A carotenoids. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios for overall CM incidence, whereas logistic regression determined odds ratios (ORs) for melanoma subtypes and NMSC.

Results

1154 cases of CM and 9085 cases of NMSC were identified over an average follow-up period of 17.8 years (SD 6.7). No associations were identified between total vitamin A intake and melanoma risk. Higher dietary vitamin A intake was associated with higher risk of NMSC (OR of 3rd vs. 1st tertile of dietary intake = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.06, 1.18]), as was dietary beta-cryptoxanthin, a provitamin A carotenoid (OR of 3rd vs. 1st tertile of dietary intake = 1.22, 95% CI [1.15, 1.29]); these results were consistent across both age- and fully adjusted regression models.

Conclusions

Total vitamin A intake was not associated with lower risk of CM or NMSC. Dietary vitamin A and beta-cryptoxanthin intake were associated with a slightly higher risk of NMSC in postmenopausal women.
Development of a Water‐Based Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive via Emulsion Polymerization for Packaging Tape Applications
Authors: Kiral Çelik Nahide , Gürmen Tuğba
Published: October 2024

In this study, water‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were synthesized through an emulsion polymerization process using n‐butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, and N‐vinylpyrrolidone monomers, in combination with anionic and non‐ionic surfactants. The PSA was coated onto the corona‐treated surface of a BOPP film using a Mayer bar to prepare packaging tape. The effect of surfactant concentration on the properties of the resulting copolymer and PSA was investigated. The chemical structure, component distribution, and thermal behavior of the copolymer were analyzed using FTIR, HPLC, and DSC. The physical properties of the synthesized copolymer, such as solid content, viscosity, particle size, and gel content, were also determined. The performance of the prepared packaging tapes was evaluated through loop tack, 180° peel, and holding shear time tests. The results indicated that surfactant concentration significantly affected the adhesive's performance. Notably, the use of a 2.5 wt% surfactant mixture yielded promising results, with high monomer conversions and excellent adhesion properties in the tape.
Recent Advances in Cost‐Effective ZnO‐Based Electrode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Savitha H , Kottam Nagaraju , Sampath C. , Madhu G. M. , Aishwarya C. S.
Published: October 2024

Fuel cell and lithium ion battery (LIB) technologies are increasingly recognized as cutting‐edge power sources that are gradually displacing various versions of older systems. High‐performance electrode materials must be developed for enhanced next‐generation LIBs. Because of their low cost, high theoretical specific capacity, and environmental friendliness, nanoparticles based on zinc oxide (ZnO) have been regarded as promising alternatives. However, significant problems including intrinsic poor conductivity and significant volume expansion have made ZnO‐based nanomaterials for less viable. In this review we discussed about the mechanism of lithium ion battery and how strategies to overcome intrinsic poor conductivity and significant volume expansion of ZnO‐based nanomaterials. Followed by the best methods for improving the lithium ion storage capacity of ZnO‐based materials as cathode and anode separately reviewed. And summarized the challenges and potential lines of inquiry for Zn‐based nanomaterials in the future.