bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Beban Kerja Mental Dosen Fakultas XYZ Menggunakan Metode Nasa TLX
Authors: Dewi Grita Supriyanto , Finansia Cici , Lahitani Alfirna Rizqi
Published: July 2024

Employee performance is influenced by several things, one of which is work stress. Unresolved stress results in a person's inability to interact positively with their environment. XYZ Faculty is one of the faculties in a private university in the Yogyakarta area. Based on personnel data, the average 2023 BKD for XYZ Faculty lecturers is 18.65. This creates an excessive burden on lecturers. This research aims to measure the mental workload index of XYZ faculty lecturers and develop recommendations for improvement to balance the workload. The method used in this research is the Nasa TLX method. The results of the research show that the workload experienced by lecturers at Faculty so that administrative activities do not interfere with lecturers' tri dharma activities.
Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Rak Display Guna Mengurangi Cacat di UD. Afareza Rajarak
Authors: Ansori Mhammad Zain Al , Khoiroh Siti Muhimatul
Published: July 2024

UD Afareza Rajarak is an industrial engaged in manufacturing and retail trade that produces racks. Two types of products are often ordered by customers, namely wall shelves and wicket racks. There are 4 product defects such as imprecise transverse wire, bent hollow iron, bent transverse wire, and poor welding residue. The highest percentage of defects for wall rack products was 4.81% in January 2024 and wicket racks were 5.05% in December 2023. Causing turnover losses to UD. Afareza Rajarak annually, with the largest loss in December amounting to Rp 3,956,250. This study aims to determine the factors that cause defects and how to reduce product defects in UD. Afareza Rajarak uses the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methods. The factors causing damage are human factors, methods, machines, raw materials, and the environment. Apply fixes based on PDCA methods that have been performed.
Keywords: Quality, Product, Defective, PDCA, FMEA
Pendekatan Min-Max Dalam Strategi Perencanaan Bahan Baku Plant Bm Gresik Guna Meminimalisir Biaya Persediaan Bahan Baku
Authors: Nirwana Jean Audi Cahaya , Herlina Herlina
Published: July 2024

PT Varia Usaha Beton is a reliable and reliable concrete company. Every day, PT. Varia Usaha Beton always gets orders for various paving products from various cities according to the products available at PT. Varia Usaha Concrete Plant BM Gresik. PT. Varia Usaha Beton Plant BM Gresik uses 5 main raw materials for paving production, namely fly ash, 5-10 stone, 0/5 stone, cement and Lumajang sand. Raw material planning at PT. The BM Gresik Concrete Plant Business Varia often goes out of control, resulting in shortages (stock out) or excess raw materials (overstock). Uncontrolled raw materials sector results in high inventory costs. The aim of this research is to plan raw material requirements and minimize costs using the min-max method by determining the optimal order quantity, minimum and maximum stock that must be met, reorder pont, safety stock, and total inventory cost. With this research using the min-max method, results were obtained that minimized inventory costs. For fly ash raw materials, total inventory cost efficiency results were obtained at 3%, for 5-10 stone raw materials, total inventory cost efficiency results were obtained at 63%, for 0/5 raw materials, total inventory cost efficiency results were 6%. For cement, total inventory cost efficiency results were obtained at 15%, and for Lumajang sand raw materials, total inventory cost efficiency results were obtained at 20%.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengaduk Pakan Ternak Bebek Melalui Pendekatan Antropometri Guna Mengurangi Waktu Proses Pengadukan di UD. Hadhita Jaya Makmur
Authors: Permana Dylan Dias , Murnawan Hery
Published: July 2024

UD. Hadhita Jaya Makmur was established in 1993 and located on Jalan S. Parman, Modopuro Village Rt.03, Rw.07, Mojosari District, Mojokerto Regency. The founder of this company is Mr. Drs.Munasrib, who is known in poultry farming activists, especially ducks. UD. Hadhita Jaya Makmur has ducks with a population of 3000 laying ducks, ducks at UD Hadhita Jaya Makmur produce about 2100 eggs every 2 days in December. UD. Hadhita Jaya Makmur strives to improve the quality of duck eggs by setting a target of feeding ducks as much as 500 kg every day for a population of 3000 ducks that are ready to lay eggs. Nevertheless, the use of manual methods in mixing duck animal feed ingredients has some negative impacts. The process of stirring duck animal feed takes quite a long time, which can reach 40 minute so that workers at UD. Hadhita Jaya Makmur experienced fatigue. One idea to be able to solve the problem is to design an animal feed mixer machine to provide significant results, providing results in accelerating the time of the 500kg per day animal feed stirring process which was originally at UD. Hadhita Jaya Makmur stirred animal feed ingredients in the process still using manual methods with a processing time duration of 43 minutes. After the design of the animal feed mixer machine, the process time of stirring animal feed ingredients to 15 minutes, the magnitude of the reduction in process time also affected the worker productivity index which was originally 19,3% to 55.5%.
Strategies to Improve Competitiveness at Nusantara 1 and 2 Passenger Terminals through Enhanced Service Facilities
Authors: Ginting Every R Putrita , Rachmadani Andi Intan , Maulana Syahrul , Riandika Syafiq , Maruf Maruf
Published: July 2024

Tanjung Priok Port is one of Indonesia's largest and busiest ports, playing a vital role in goods trade and passenger transportation. This research focuses on enhancing the infrastructure at the Nusantara 1 and 2 passenger terminals to increase the port's competitiveness and value, particularly in the passenger terminal area. Using GAP Analysis, literature review, interviews, observations, and documentation, the study aims to provide solutions for improving and expanding passenger terminal facilities to enhance passenger service and value. The findings indicate that optimal maintenance of port infrastructure significantly enhances the port's value and passenger comfort. Observations reveal a yearly increase in passengers at the PURA 1 & 2 terminals, reaching 353,005 passengers in 2022. The temporary waiting room accommodates 1,600 passengers, while the general waiting room holds 3,666 passengers. Despite the good maintenance of these facilities, further improvements are necessary to meet the growing demands.
Public Policy in Managing Palm Oil Industry Environmental Waste: A Qualitative Study in Kampar Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Veronika Nina , Frinaldi Aldri , Rembrandt Rembrandt , Lanin Dasman , Umar Genius
Published: July 2024

Kampar Regency currently has the largest number of palm oil mills in Riau Province, which has led to an increase in environmental pollution due to the by-products of these industrial activities. The objective of this research is to identify the issues associated with waste management in palm oil mills. The research employs a descriptive-qualitative method to systematically, factually, and accurately represent the data contained in the news text. The results indicated that rubber and oil palm plantations (1.8 and 1.5 hectares) were inundated with waste. It is recommended that palm oil mills implement waste treatment in accordance with quality standards before disposal. Furthermore, the application of the law as the basis for sanctions from this waste must be accompanied by an appeal to the public to monitor the level of environmental pollution. In addition, the role of public policy actors in monitoring and determining legal sanctions for environmental pollution is of great importance.
Analisis Perbandingan Perilaku dan Kinerja Struktur Baja Terbreis Eksentris Tipe Split K-Bresing dan Two Story X-Bresing
Authors: Mazaruddin Muh Fauzi , Trimurtiningrum Retno
Published: July 2024

Pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin pesat namun luas lahan yang semakin terbatas menjadi tantangan baru dalam zaman modernisasi saat ini. Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan dalam permasalahan ini yaitu dengan pembangunan bangunan bertingkat tinggi (highrise building). Dalam merancang bagunan bertingkat tinggi harus diperhatikan kestabilan struktur. Kestabilan struktur dapat di cek terhadap nilai simpanagn dan efek P-Delta. Kestabilan dapat diatasi dengan memberi pengaku (bresing). SRBE mempu memberikan perilaku daktail dan kekakuan elastik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menganalisi perbandingan perilaku dan kinerja struktursystem eksentris Tow Story-X dan Split-K dengan menggunakan bantuan program SAP 2000. Hasil dari analisi diperoleh masa struktur bresing Tow Story-X 0,058% lebih ringan dari Split-K, untuk nilai simpangan dengan selisih kedua struktur adalah 1,9% dan nilai teta dengan selisih 2,1%
Usulan Perbaikan Kualitas pada Produksi Flanges Pipe dan Rubber Gasket Guna Mengurangi Produk Cacat (Studi Kasus : CV Anugerah Sukses Sejahtera Surabaya)
Authors: Rodjak Moch Fhahrul , Khoiroh Siti Muhimatul
Published: July 2024

CV Anugerah Sukses Sejahtera is a company that operates in the field of manufacturing flanges and rubber gaskets. The company's production process sets a defect tolerance at 5%. In the production flow there is a process failure or defect that occurs in the production process and increases the tolerance amount above a predetermined limit. From the data that has been collected, researchers can identify the types of defect characteristics using the SPC (Statistical Process Control) method and analyze them using fishbone diagrams, as well as provide suggestions for improvements to the company. Based on the Pareto diagram, it was concluded that the highest percentage of defects was in burry defects at 43.2%, the highest rubber attribute defects were in wrinkles at 36.7% and variable flanges defects were in flatness defects at 44.1%. Based on the processing of samples 1-8, it was found that sample proportions exceeded the control limits of the P flange control chart, namely UCL at week 5 and LCL at week 6, while the other proportions were still in the control stage. The dominant cause of this problem is employees' lack of control over the job desk and lack of maintenance on machines. Thus, the proposed improvement given to the company is to carry out On Job Training for new employees, check the rubber raw materials and flanges raw materials, add LED lighting to each machine and carry out regular machine maintenance scheduling
Numerical Simulation of the Behaviour of RC T-Beams Strengthened by EB-CFRP Composites Under Bending and Shear Effects
Authors: Alobaidi Hasan Ehssan , Al-Zuhairi Alaa Hussein
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of numerical simulations performed using ABAQUS/CAE version 2019. The study aims to evaluate the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforcements polymer composite materials (EB) (CFRP), especially their response to bending and shear forces. The numerical model was validated by comparing the numerical and experimental results of eight RC T-beams. The numerical analysis was then extended to include various factors, including the impact of the tilt angle of the U-CFRP shell on the shear strength. The goal of this numerical extension is to implement a numerical model capable of simulating the nonlinear behavior of these beams accurately. A comparative analysis is also performed on the experimental and computational models, focusing on the damage modes and their load-induced deformation characteristics. The results showed a satisfactory level of agreement between the two sides. The average ratio of ultimate load to deflection in the numerical model simulation and experimental beam test is 1.004 and 1.046, respectively. The main finding is that inclined U-CFRP deformed at a 45° angle exhibits greater shear stiffness than beams embedded with vertical CFRP panels at a 90° angle, maintaining a constant  CFRP panel spacing.
Book of abstract conference proceeding: the International Conference on Language, Education and Teaching Research 2024 (ICLET 2024)
Authors: Dwi Mulyaningsih Hendrati
Published: July 2024

Abstract Book of the International Conference on Language, Education and Teaching Research 2024 (ICLET 2024) is a scientific output from a conference program organized by Research Synergy Foundation (RSF) aims to provide a dynamic forum for the advancement of knowledge, collaboration, promotion of cross-cultural understanding, and the continuous improvement of language, education, and teaching areas.
Comparative Analysis Clustering Algorithm for Government’s Budget Performance Data
Authors: Hadi Al Ghozali Isnen , Afan Ibnu , Lestari Triardani
Published: July 2024

The government's budget performance is a benchmark for the government's success in optimizing people's money to achieve national goals. Even though performance measurement has reached the Work Unit level, the data formed still do not have a specific grouping, in the sense of unstructured data. The purpose of this research is to find the best clustering algorithm for classifying budget performance data. The data used is budget performance data for 19,460 Indonesian Government Work Units. The data is sourced from the SMART application and the OM SPAN application. This research uses a comparative study approach for the K-Means algorithm, DBSCAN, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Evaluation of the clustering results formed using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) method. The AHC algorithm with k = 6 achieved the lowest DBI value of 0.3583472. The DBI value for the DBSCAN algorithm with MinPts = 10 is 0.5398259. However, the AHC algorithm is not good in terms of ease of implementation. Therefore, the K-means algorithm with parameters k = 10 is the best alternative. The K-Means algorithm gets a DBI value of 1.052678. The K-Means algorithm produces 10 clusters. Based on knowledge extraction, it is determined that cluster 2 and cluster 5 are ideal clusters in terms of budget performance. While the clusters that require attention are cluster 1, cluster 3, cluster 4, and cluster 8.
Enhancing Machine Learning Model Performance in Addressing Class Imbalance
Authors: Van FC Lucky Lhaura , Anam M. Khairul , Firdaus Muhammad Bambang , Yunefri Yogi , Rahmi Nadya Alinda
Published: July 2024

This research aims to investigate methods for handling class imbalance in machine learning models, with a focus on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. We apply oversampling (SMOTE) and undersampling techniques to a dataset with class imbalance and evaluate the performance of SVM using these methods. Experiments are conducted using data from Twitter social media regarding the 2024 general electionsThe findings indicate that incorporating SMOTE effectively enhances the performance of SVM models, particularly within the SVM Polynomial variant. However, the use of undersampling shows limited impact on improving SVM model performance. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in choosing the appropriate strategy for handling class imbalance in machine learning models.
Relationships between Russia and the Left-Bank Cossak Hetmanate and the conclusion of the Treaty of Bakhchisarai
Authors: Florya Boris ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

Peace talks between Russia, the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean khanate in the late 1670s – early 1680s were long and troublesome. The role of the hetman Ivan Samojlovich in the formation of the Russian conditions of the future peace treaty and the political demands made of the Sublime Porte and Crimea during the negotiations still remains unclear. This article explores the level and scale of participation of the hetman Ivan Samojlovich in the preparation of the second Russian diplomatic mission to Crimea, headed by Ivan Sukhotin, in the Autumn of 1679, as well as the contacts between Moscow and the Ukrainian hetman connected with preparations for the third one, headed by stolnik Vasilij Tyapkin and djak Nikita Zotov. Mikhail Golovin, the tsar’s stolnik was sent to Samojlovich to discuss and coordinate the limits of possible territory concessions in favor of the Porte and Crimea in the Right-Bank Ukraine. The result of the consultations was the Russian-Ukrainian agreement on the possible total concession of the Right-Bank Ukraine (excluding Kiev) if peace on other conditions would be impossible. Hence, the decision about territory conditions of the Russian-Crimean treaty, which was concluded in Bakhchysarai in 1681, was a result of common position of the Russian government and the hetman Ivan Samojlovich.
Formation of the territory of the Russian Empire in the Polish direction, features and patterns: controversial issues in modern historiography
Authors: Borisyonok Yuri ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

An objective study of the processes of formation of the territory of the Russian Empire at the expense of the lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which ceased to exist in 1795, still remains a pressing historiographical problem. The relevance of the topic was clearly demonstrated by Ye. M. Boltunova in her 2022 monograph, dedicated to the coronation of Nicholas I in Warsaw in 1829 and at the same time covering a number of broader aspects of the Polish question in the politics of St. Petersburg. The book reflected common stereotypes characteristic of the analysis of the expansion of Russian territory during the imperial period, including an isolated consideration of the Western and all other directions of the empire’s policy, as well as a separate interpretation of the processes of the divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. and the legacy of military campaigns in the first decades of the 19th century. The content of the monograph emphasizes the need to develop an approach to the problems of registration of the territory of the Russian Empire that meets modern research realities, including taking into account territorial increments within the framework of a single process that can be traced from geopolitical changes, from the outcomes of the Great Northern War to the legal consequences of the final act Congress of Vienna 1815.
Shared genetic architecture and sex-specific fitness consequences of forked tails in the Alpine swift Tachymarptis melba
Authors: Dumas Michela Natalina , Martin Julien G A , Bize Pierre
Published: July 2024

The evolution of deeply forked tails in highly aerial birds has been suggested to be driven by sexual and viability selection. Using over 20 years of data on the Alpine swift, we investigated the sex-specific predictors and fitness consequences of deeply forked tails, as well as the role of genetics in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of this trait. In the Alpine swift, fork length shows moderate sexual dimorphism, being 7% longer in males than in females. Longer forks were associated with increased reproductive success in males and larger eggs in females, suggesting that this trait may be mutually selected and signal aspects of individual condition in both sexes. In addition, fork length was heritable and strongly genetically correlated between the sexes, with effectively the same genetic architecture expressed in both sexes. However, genetic constraints between the sexes are unlikely to explain the changes in fork length observed over the course of the study, as fork length increased more in females than in males. Further studies will be required to understand why male fork length has not became further elaborated, despite positive directional selection on this heritable trait.
Generational differences at work? A meta-analysis and qualitative investigation
Authors: Ravid Daniel , Costanza David P. , Romero Madison R.
Published: July 2024

Despite substantive criticisms of generations and mounting evidence suggesting that “generational differences” do not exist, generational characterizations remain widely popular among academics and practitioners who use them to explain employee thoughts and behaviors. The current research examined academic literature as a source that may have contributed to perpetuating generational stereotypes. In Study 1, we meta-analyzed the generations literature to examine the extent that findings in this research conveyed a sense that generational differences exist. Results of the meta-analysis revealed few systematic, meaningful differences among generations on a variety of outcomes. To follow up on why the generations literature generally promotes the idea of systematic differences despite the mixed and limited evidence for them, in Study 2, we conducted a qualitative investigation of the meta-analyzed articles, looking for explanations about why research and practice using generations persist despite the lack of evidence. Results of the qualitative analysis showed that researchers often discounted null or equivocal findings and seldom raised questions about the underlying concept of generations. Our findings reinforce that researchers and practitioners should continue to seek better explanations for differences among workers, investigate the origins of generational stereotypes, and work to understand why academics and practitioners continue supporting and propagating this questionable concept.
Hidden Markov Model: Tutorial
Authors: Ghojogh Benyamin , Karray Fakhri , Crowley Mark
Published: July 2024

This is a tutorial paper for Hidden Markov Model (HMM). First, we briefly review the background on Expectation Maximization (EM), Lagrange multiplier, factor graph, the sum-product algorithm, the max-product algorithm, and belief propagation by the forward-backward procedure. Then, we introduce probabilistic graphical models including Markov random field and Bayesian network. Markov property and Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC) are also introduced. We, then, explain likelihood estimation and EM in HMM in technical details. We explain evaluation in HMM where direct calculation and the forward-backward belief propagation are both explained. Afterwards, estimation in HMM is covered where both the greedy approach and the Viterbi algorithm are detailed. Then, we explain how to train HMM using EM and the Baum-Welch algorithm. We also explain how to use HMM in some applications such as speech and action recognition.
Neural Prediction of Spoken Language Improvements in Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Yuan Di , Dettman Shani , Choo Dawn , Xu Shimeng , Thomas Denise , Ryan Maura E. , Wong Patrick , Young Nancy M.
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aims to construct neural predictive models to forecast post-CI spoken language improvements in children with hearing loss and to evaluate whether these models are language- and center-specific.Methods A total of 278 children with hearing loss underwent magnetic resonance image (MRI) examinations and completed speech and language assessments both before and after the implants. We utilized deep transfer learning algorithms with pre-CI neuroanatomical features to predict post-CI spoken language development in children enrolled from 2009 to 2022, with 3-year follow-up. Results We found that pre-CI MRI brain data can forecast spoken language development up to 36 months post-CI. Evidence of within-center and within-language prediction was consistent across different centers. MobileNet model exhibited the best performance with an accuracy (ACC) of 89.74% (95% CI, 89.39%-90.10%), sensitivity of 87.09% (95% CI, 86.17%-88.00%), specificity of 92.20% (95% CI, 90.98%-93.42%), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.896 (95% CI, 0.893-0.900). However, cross-dataset generalization, even within the same center, could not be achieved with our current sample (e.g., ACC: 50.27% (95% CI, 47.62%-53.76%), sensitivity: 36.89% (95% CI, 0%-93.88%), specificity: 63.95% (95% CI, 6.43%-100%), and AUC: 0.499 (95% CI, 0.467-0.532)). When all the datasets were combined, the predictive performance remained high (ACC: 87.94% (95% CI, 87.28%-88.59%), sensitivity: 88.33% (95% CI, 97.18%-89.48%), specificity: 87.56% (95% CI, 86.12%-89.00%), and AUC: 0.879 (95% CI, 0.873-0.886)).Conclusions The generalization of the neural predictive model across different centers and languages appears to be feasible and effective with a larger and more representative dataset.
Use of adjectives in prediction during spoken language comprehension in older adults: Evidence from anticipatory eye-movements
Authors: Anurag Anurag , Singh Niharika
Published: July 2024

Previous research suggests that while cognitive abilities decline with age, semantic and verbal knowledge remain stable or may even improve with age. The present study investigated how aging impacts anticipation during comprehension, considering that both language experience and cognitive factors modulates prediction during comprehension. We investigated whether older adults can utilize gender-marked adjectives to predict the target noun during Hindi sentence comprehension. Two visual world paradigm studies (Experiment 1 & 2) were conducted, where young and older adults listened to sentences containing a target word while looking a visual display containing the target object along with three distractors. The sentences consisted of adjectives which were highly associated with the target object. We measured anticipatory gaze towards the target object before it was mentioned in the sentence indexing prediction using adjective. The results from both experiments showed that older adults exhibited anticipatory gaze towards the target noun soon after hearing adjective, which did not differ from that of young adults. The findings provide robust evidence that older adults can effectively use semantic, syntactic or associative information from the adjective to predict the target noun, similar to young adults. The present findings show that older adults can generate prediction using their world knowledge and accumulated language experience throughout their lives.
Was this Registered Report pilot tested? Examination of Vaidis, Sleegers, Van Leeuwen, DeMarree, ... & Priolo, D. (2024)
Authors: Buttliere Brett
Published: July 2024

Vaidis, D. C., Sleegers, W. W., Van Leeuwen, F., DeMarree, K. G., Sætrevik, B., Ross, R. M., ... & Priolo, D. (2024) included 104 authors from 39 research teams attempting to replicate the induced-compliance paradigm in study 1 Croyle and Cooper (1983). The study was preregistered and receives public marks for transparency and rigor. Yet, one thing that is transparently missing is any mention of pilot or pretesting the study to make sure it works before having the 39 labs try to replicate with those materials. This leaves the entire effort open to small problems, since it is also the first time most of the teams were trying a study like this. Thus, we ask what piloting mechanisms if any were employed, and suggest to the community more generally that it makes sense to make sure a protocol is working before sending it out to e.g., 39 places.
Monitoring Attitudes Over Time - Real Change or the Result of Repeated Interviewing?
Authors: Kraemer Fabienne , Lugtig Peter , Struminskaya Bella , Silber Henning , Weiß Bernd , Bosnjak Michael
Published: July 2024

Researchers often use panel data to study change and stability of social patterns. However, repeated interviewing can affect respondents’ attitudes in a panel study by raising awareness and triggering reflection processes on surveyed topics (cognitive stimulus hypothesis). We investigated change in respondents’ attitudes about abortion and the underlying mechanisms of attitude change across six waves using data from a survey experiment administered within a probability-based and a non-probability panel in Germany. We manipulated the frequency of receiving identical attitude questions on the same issue. We estimated multiple-group and longitudinal structural equation models to differentiate change in the measurement of reported attitudes from “real” attitude change. We show that repeatedly asking about abortion increases the reliability of respondents’ reported abortion attitudes, providing support for the cognitive stimulus hypothesis. Our results also suggest that improved response behavior due to general survey experience further enhances attitude reliability when answering identical attitude questions repeatedly.
Bacteriocinas: visión básica y aplicada
Authors: Cañaveral Sanchez Isabella , Chalarca Vélez Julia Rosa , Gaviria Arias Duverney
Published: July 2024

Las bacteriocinas, definidas como péptidos antimicrobianos (PAM) son moléculas sintetizadas ribosomalmente, constituidas por 12-100 aminoácidos sintetizados por ciertos microbios y que son liberados extracelularmente para inhibir el crecimiento de otros microbios. Entre las moléculas de PAM, las bacteriocinas son producidas por especies bacterianas Grampositivas y Gramnegativas y se usan para eliminar o inhibir otros procariotas en el medio ambiente. En la actualidad su clasificación se basa en aspectos como mecanismo de acción, localización genética, peso molecular y características químicas y métodos de producción. Las bacteriocinas se han utilizado tradicionalmente como conservantes de alimentos, ya sea agregados o producidos por cultivos iniciadores durante la fermentación. Los estudios en profundidad de unas pocas bacteriocinas seleccionadas han permitido que estas se abran camino y extiendan sus posibilidades de aplicación a nuevos campos de investigación y hayan ampliado sus usos a los campos biomédicos. La capacidad de desarrollar bacteriocinas en antibióticos de próxima generación, junto con el rápido desarrollo en genética y nanotecnología, ha allanado el camino para avances aún más fascinantes, como hacia el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas transportadoras (sistemas de administración) e inclusive el tratamiento del cáncer. Además, se encuentra que algunas bacteriocinas regulan la detección del quórum, lo que sugiere nuevas aplicaciones para este grupo de moléculas.
Soziale Ungleichheiten beim Privatschulzugang. Die Wahl einer privaten Grundschule aus Elternsicht am Beispiel einer deutschen Großstadt
Authors: Helbig Marcel , Mayer Tanja
Published: July 2024

Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der sozial ungleichen Schulwahl von öffentlichen und privaten Grundschulen. Die Untersuchung der Privatschulwahl ist besonders relevant, weil private Schulen in Deutschland Kindern aller sozialen Schichten offen stehen müssen (Art. 7 Abs. 4 GG), sich aber ausgeprägte soziale Unterschiede beim Besuch privater (Grund)Schulen beobachten lassen. Ziel der Studie ist es, Erklärungen für diese ungleichen Schulbesuchsquoten zu liefern. Die verwendeten Daten entstammen einer Befragung von Eltern zukünftiger Erstklässler:innen in einer deutschen Großstadt (Erfurt). Theoretisch rekurriert dieser Beitrag auf das dreistufige Modell zur Schulwahl von Kristen (2005), das auf die sozial ungleiche Wahl von öffentlichen und privaten Schulen angewendet wurde. Gemäß dem Modell zeigt sich bei der ersten Stufe, dass viele Eltern mit niedrigerer Bildung Privatschulen nicht als Wahlalternativen wahrnehmen. Auf der zweiten Stufe zeigt sich, dass Eltern mit niedrigerer Bildung überdurchschnittlich häufig angeben, sich private Schulen nicht leisten zu können. Es gibt darüber hinaus unterschiedliche Ertragserwartungen der Eltern unterschiedlicher Bildungsniveaus im Hinblick auf die Qualität privater Schulen und bei den Schulwahlmotiven. Diese können aber die sozialen Unterschiede bei der Privatschulbewerbung auf Stufe 2 nur in geringem Maße aufklären. Auf der dritten Stufe zeigt sich, dass Akademikereltern sich häufiger erfolgreich bei einer privaten Schule bewerben als Nicht-Akademikereltern.
Aesthetics of Renunciation and Social Reformation in Josmani Santa Tradition
Authors: Neupane Dipesh
Published: July 2024

Renunciation is an abandonment of pursuit of material comforts, material or mundane consciousness. A person who follows renunciation shuns inner and outer attachments, and leads purely a spiritual life. This article explores the religious history of the renunciation adopted by Josmani Santas who commenced a new tradition different from Hindu and Buddhist religions around 300 years ago in Nepal. Josmani Santa tradition is a spiritual as well as social convention commenced by the first saint named Josmani. Josmani Santas are the saints who detach themselves from the worldly thoughts and desires following the Nirguna-bhakti– a Bhakti dedicated to formless, shapeless and abstract God. They keep aloof from the illusion of Maya and even relinquish lust, greed, anger, pride and infatuation thereby revolting against social evils and aberrations– caste description, corruption, and deceptions, so called Brahmanism. They adopt the life of renunciation to launch their protest in society. In Hinduism, the renounced order of life is sannyāsa. This study conceptualizes the theoretical framework of Sanyasa- the life of renunciation based on the Bhagavat Gita, and the concept proposed by Gyandil Das who adopts renunciation on the one hand and launches social protest on the other. It further analyzes the relation between renunciation and social reformation as complementary phenomena.
Conceptualizing Explorative Data Analysis in Applied Statistics
Authors: Malakar Indra , Nepal Bidur
Published: July 2024

The paper examines the conceptual comprehension of explorative data analysis and its application. The content analysis technique has been deployed and hypothetical examples have been used for explaining its application for the completion of this study. Generally, it is sensible to begin any statistical analysis with an informal, exploratory examination of the data, and this is often called exploratory data analysis (short form EDA). The ingredients of EDA are discussed in this paper and it is suggested that it is important to observe EDA as an integral part of statistical inference, and several examples are presented to show the usages of EDA. Many graphical techniques are used in EDA that discerns what data set can reveal further beyond formal modeling of data or hypothesis testing task. This really enables researcher to gain depth knowledge of the variables in data sets and their relationship. Similarly, the study explores about the stem and leaf display, five number summaries, box and whisker plot and outliers. Stem and leaf display helps in listing data in array and also aids in finding data as minimum and maximum values. Similarly, five number summaries are useful to determine the shape of the distribution. Furthermore, box and whiskers plot visually display data through quartiles or using five number summaries whereas outliers incorporate to uncover the values that lie beyond the whiskers.
Best Practices of Human Rights in a Democratic Country
Authors: Guragain Govinda Prasad
Published: July 2024

This article has displayed the state of human rights practices and provisions in a democratic nation, Nepal. Democracy, progress, the rule of law, and the preservation of human rights and fundamental freedoms are all inextricably linked and mutually reinforcing. Nepal, being a democratic nation hence ensures human rights to its citizen. From the past few decades to the present date, a number of progresses have been made in the practices and provisions. The backward and underprivileged groups have been rendered their rights in accordance with the 2015 Constitution. Nevertheless, the Nepalese government has continuously neglected the Commission's recommendations to examine and prosecute human rights violations in accordance with the obligations of the Constitution. The government of Nepal should focus on the human rights movement which is also facing enormous difficulties from numerous activities that contravene the essential spirit of the constitution, democratic norms, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This paper has presented the progression in human rights provisions and practices and even made suggestions to be more proactive in ratifying the Rome Statute as soon as feasible in order to improve Nepal’s international image.
Preference of Coping Strategies during Stressful Situations among General People
Authors: Adhikari Upasana
Published: July 2024

The sensation of being overburdened, anxious, or exhausted is a common description of stress. People of all ages, genders, and circumstances can be impacted by stress, which can result in problems with their physical and mental health. At times, a little stress can be good for you. Extreme stress, however, can have negative effects on the immunological, cardiovascular, neuro-endocrine, and central neurological systems. Extreme stress can also have a devastating emotional impact. Minor episodes of stress can be managed by using one's body's inherent defenses to adjust to shifting circumstances, but persistent, excessive stress that lasts for a lengthy period of time can be physically and psychologically crippling. Coping can be defined as those thoughts and actions which we deal with a threatening situation. Coping strategies can be of various types, among which most common types are: Problem focused coping strategy, Seeking Social support coping strategy, Passive acceptance coping strategy, Avoidance coping strategy, Religious Coping strategy and Emotion focused coping strategy. This study was based on survey method technique from few sites of Kathmandu valley. Data is in quantitative nature. The questionnaire of socio-demographic variables and coping strategy was distributed among 302 participants for quantitative data. People were selected conveniently during this study. Coping check list developed by Rao, Subbakrishna and Prabhu was used for this study. In this research it was found that, for preference of type of coping strategy by total number of respondents, problem focused coping strategy had the maximum score whereas religious coping strategy had its minimum score.
Improving Children's Cognitive Abilities Through Pattern Play Activities Using Simple Media In Class B1 TK Aba Segajih Hargo Tirto Kokap Kulon Progo In 2024
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto
Published: July 2024

Research on cognitive development in early childhood through pattern playing activities with simple media is expected to improve the cognitive abilities of class B1 children at Segajih ABA Kindergarten. In this research using cycle I, there were seven children who could sort patterns correctly and neatly (46.67 %). Meanwhile, for cycle II, 13 children could sort the patterns correctly and neatly, there were 13 children (86.67%), there were two children who did the work but not correctly and neatly (13.33%), and there were none (13.33%) who did not do the task ( 0%). The results from cycle I and cycle II showed a significant increase in the ability of children to sort patterns correctly and neatly, namely from 7 children (46.67%) to 13 children (86.67). The increase is six children or 20%.
Material and Design Solutions for Advanced Steam Power Plants
Authors: Kern T.-U. , Wieghardt K. , Kirchner H.
Published: July 2024

Since the 1990s, the power plant market has shifted towards more flexible and efficient Steam Power Plants (SPPs) with fewer service inspections and lifetimes of ≥200,000 hours, including combined-cycle applications. This shift has driven efforts to enhance both design and materials. One approach is the installation of super-critical SPPs with live steam temperatures of T ≥580°C and optimized steam cycles. Siemens Power Generation is leveraging its experience with Ultra Super Critical SPPs from the 1950s, which operated at up to 650°C/320bar, to develop modern turbo-set solutions using new technology from the past decade. Proven design features, such as material combinations (welded or bolted rotors and casings) and advanced cooling techniques, are being adapted for current use. Past limitations with austenitic materials have been reassessed, leading to the conclusion that improved materials are necessary for today's USC SPPs. Global material development programs, such as COST in Europe, are focusing on new 10%Cr martensitic steels, which offer cost-effectiveness and operational flexibility. Additionally, joint R&D projects are underway to evaluate the long-term creep properties and service behavior of new 10%CrMoV steels for 600/620°C applications. These projects aim to ensure the materials can withstand relevant loading conditions and multiaxial stresses.
Economic Analysis of New Coal-Fired Generation Options
Authors: Booras George S. , Holt Neville , Viswanathan R.
Published: July 2024

Coal-fired power plants are experiencing a resurgence due to cheaper prices compared to natural gas. However, environmental concerns remain. New technologies aim to tackle these issues by capturing emissions and boosting efficiency. EPRI's economic analysis highlights the potential of ultrasupercritical boilers with advanced materials, which could reach a remarkable 48% efficiency. However, these cutting-edge boilers come at a higher cost due to the expensive materials needed to withstand extremely high steam temperatures (around 730-760°C). The challenge lies in finding the optimal balance between efficiency gains and material costs.
The Practical Application and Long-Term Experience of New Heat Resistant Steels to Large Scale USC Boilers
Authors: Sato T. , Fukuda Y. , Mitsuhata K. , Sakai K.
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the key properties of newly developed high-strength, heat-resistant steels for application in ultra-supercritical (USC) boilers. For some ferritic steels, improvements made to enhance their resistance to steam oxidation are highlighted. The latest welding techniques employed for these steels are introduced. Additionally, the high-temperature strength and weldability of Alloy 617 (52Ni-22Cr-13Co-9Mo-Ti-Al), a potential candidate material for the next generation of 700°C USC boilers, are described. The paper provides insights into the materials and welding technologies crucial for the development of advanced USC boilers operating at higher temperatures.
Innovative Research and Development of Heat Resistant Structural Materials for USC Power Plants
Authors: Munekl S. , Okubo H. , Abe Fujio
Published: July 2024

Achieving long-term stability of the tempered martensite is considered crucial for increasing the creep resistance of steels at elevated temperatures above 700°C. It is noted that at low stress levels, the creep deformation of the tempered martensite proceeds heterogeneously around prior austenite grain boundaries, as excess dislocations inside the grain are difficult to rearrange. This paper presents a new approach using carbon-free martensitic alloys strengthened by intermetallic compounds. An iron-nickel-cobalt martensite matrix with Laves phase as the precipitate is selected. The creep characteristics are discussed across a wide range of testing conditions, and the thermal cycle test behavior is examined to evaluate the potential of these alloys for future ultrasupercritical power plants operating in severe environments.
Experimental Work to Validate Alternate Design Methodologies for USC Steam Boiler Components
Authors: Swirtdeman R. W. , Shingledecker J. P. , Battiste R. L. , Sparks B. L. , Martin R .L.
Published: July 2024

Components in ultrasupercritical steam (USC) boilers will operate under significantly more severe conditions than current subcritical and supercritical steam boilers. Existing construction rules for power boilers lack design guidance or criteria to assess the adequacy of designs for USC conditions. A Department of Energy (DOE) project addresses this by evaluating advanced materials under conditions similar to potential USC service environments. The project focuses on six tubing alloys and four thick-section alloys. Testing is underway for pressurized tube bends, notched thick-section bars, fatigue, and thermal shock on thick-section tubing made of materials like CCA617, Alloy 230, and Alloy 740. Further testing is planned for pressurized tubes, dissimilar metal welds, and thick-section weldments. This paper summarizes the status of this initial testing program aimed at enabling USC boiler material qualification.
Engineering Design and Fabrication of Ultrasupercritical Test Loops
Authors: Tanzosh James M. , DeVault Douglas J. , Mohn Walter R.
Published: July 2024

A consortium which includes Energy Industries of Ohio, the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc., and four major US boiler manufacturers (the Babcock & Wilcox Company, Riley Power, Foster Wheeler, and Alstom Power) is conducting a 5-year materials development program to advance the technology in coal-fired power generation. As part of this development effort, new high temperature, corrosion resistant alloys must be evaluated and qualified for dependable operation in a corrosive coal-fired environment to produce steam for Ultra Supercritical (USC) cycle operation up to 760°C (1400°F) and 35 MPa (5000 psi.) To evaluate the fireside corrosion resistance of candidate materials for USC power generation, two superheater test loops comprised of seven different advanced alloys were designed and fabricated by the Babcock and Wilcox Company (B&W) in Barberton, Ohio. These loops were installed at the Reliant Energy power plant located in Niles, OH, and testing of these loops was initiated in December, 2003. Following a minimum of 18 months of testing, the loops will be removed for metallurgical examination and assessment by B&W. This paper describes some of the considerations in designing, fabricating, and installing the two USC test loops, as well as the methodology for monitoring their performance during operation.
Weldability and Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Al-Cr Alloys in Oxidizing/Sulfidizing Environments
Authors: Regina J.R. , DuPont J.N. , Marder A.R.
Published: July 2024

Coal burning power companies are currently considering FeAlCr weld overlay claddings for corrosion protection of waterwall boiler tubes located in their furnaces. Previous studies have shown that these FeAlCr coatings exhibit excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance in several types of low NOx environments. In the present study, the susceptibility of FeAlCr weld overlay claddings to hydrogen cracking was evaluated using a gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Microsegregation of alloying elements was determined for the FeAlCr welds and compared to a currently used Ni-based superalloy. Long-term gaseous corrosion testing of select weld overlays was conducted along with the Ni-based superalloy in a gaseous oxidizing/sulfidizing corrosion environment at 500°C. The sample weight gains were used along with analysis of the corrosion scale morphologies to determine the corrosion resistance of the coatings. It was found that although there were slight differences in the corrosion behavior of the selected FeAlCr weld coatings, all FeAlCr based alloys exhibited superior corrosion resistance to the Ni-based superalloy during exposures up to 2000 hours.
Effect of Shot Peening and Pre-oxidation Treatment in Air on Steam Oxidation Resistance of Mod.9Cr-1Mo Steel
Authors: Haruyama H. , Kutsumi H. , Kuroda S. , Abe F.
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the combined effect of shot peening and pre-oxidation treatment in air on the subsequent steam oxidation resistance of Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel with different sulfur contents. Cast steel balls (50-180 μm diameter) and pure Cr (50-230 μm diameter) were used for shot peening durations of 5-50 seconds. After shot peening, pre-oxidation was performed in air at 973K for 3.6ks. Then, oxidation testing was conducted in steam at 923K for up to 3.6Ms. Only the combination of Cr shot peening and pre-oxidation treatment facilitated the formation of a protective Cr-rich oxide scale on the specimen surface during pre-oxidation. This Cr-rich oxide scale remained stable during subsequent steam oxidation, resulting in excellent oxidation resistance of the steel.