bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADDENDUM AKAD MURABAHAH BERDASAR PERATURAN BANK INDONESIA NOMOR 10 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG RESTRUKTURISASI PEMBIAYAAN BAGI BANK SYARIAH DAN UNIT USAHA SYARIAH (Studi di BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Malang)
Authors: Fitriani Nur
Published: September 2018

Addendum is worth reviewing with KHES and Fatwa DSN-MUI review, because in Islamic law merchantly buying and selling not only bring profit only, but must based on syariat and to avoid risk. This study aims to find out why BRI Syariah issued addendum and review of KHES and Fatwa DSN-MUI. This type of field research (field research) or referred to as empirical research, this study includes empirical research that examines the phenomenon of law. The approach used is the sociological juridical approach. The primary data collection method is the direct and secondary interviews used by the literature and documentation. Data analysis method used is qualitative data analysis. Data processing methods make the following efforts; editing re-examines files related to addendum and interview results of legal officers and customer service, clasifying and classifying edited data to facilitate analysis, verification of collected data to determine the validity of data, analytical data analysis procedures and application of addendum and concluding conclusions to obtain answer. The results of the study are: 1) addendum is done as an effort to avoid bank losses and maintain business continuity. 2) Addendum BRI Syariah Malang Branch Office is allowed due to the agreement of both parties.

Addendum layak dikaji dengan tinjauan KHES dan Fatwa DSN-MUI, karena dalam hukum Islam kegaitan jual-beli tidak hanya mendatangkan keuntungan semata, namun harus berdasarkan syariat dan untuk menghindari resiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan BRI Syariah mengeluarkan addendum dan tinjauan KHES serta Fatwa DSN-MUI. Jenis penelitian ini lapangan (field research) atau disebut sebagai penelitian empiris, penelitian ini termasuk penelitian empiris yang meneliti fenomena hukum. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Metode pengumpulan data primer adalah wawancara langsung dan sekunder yang digunakan kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif. Metode pengolahan data melakukan upaya sebagai berikut; editing meneliti kembali berkas yang berkaitan dengan addendum dan hasil wawancara legal officer dan customer service, clasifiying menyusun dan mengklasifikasi data hasil editing untuk mempermudah analisa, verifiying memeriksa data yang terkumpul untuk mengetahui keabsahan data, analysing analisis data prosedur dan penerapan addendum dan concluding kesimpulan untuk mendapat jawaban. Hasil penelitian adalah: 1) addendum dilakukan sebagai upaya bank menghindari kerugian dan menjaga kelangsungan usaha. 2) Addendum BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Malang diperbolehkan karena adanya kesepakatan kedua belah pihak.
KONSEP PEMASARAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Fathoni Muhammad Anwar
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of marketing in the perspective of Islam according to Islamic economic experts. This is a library research with descriptive qualitative approach. The data is in the form of references related to the topic. It is then analyzed qualitatively by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. The result shows that the concept of Islamic marketing still depends on the concept of conventional marketing, where Islamic marketing is only used as a marketing tool. Hence, the opportunity to study deeply about the concept of Islamic marketing is still possible to do.
Subjective Distress and Violence During Rape: Their Effects on Long-Term Fear
Authors: Girelli Steven A. , Resick Patricia A. , Marhoefer-Dvorak Susan , Hutter Catherine K.
Published: September 2018

A brief review of the literature on reactions to rape is presented, with special emphasis on the relationship between specific aspects of the rape and subsequent fear and anxiety. A model, which incorporates the effects of the victim’s subjective experience of the assault, is proposed to explain inconsistent findings in previous research. To test this model, 41 adult women who were between 3 and 120 months postassault were asked to report information about the assault (assault violence) and their subjective experience of it during the assault (distress). Subjects also answered questions about several measures of fear and anxiety. Each of these measures was regressed on the assault violence and subjective distress variables. Three of the analyses yielded significant predictors. These were the avoidance subscale of the Impact of Event Scale, the phobic anxiety subscale of die SCL-90-R, and die Veronen-Kilpatrick Modified Fear Survey vulnerability subscale. In all three, subjective distress was the only predictor retained in the regression model. The relevance of these findings to understanding rape-induced fear and anxiety and improving treatment provided to its victims is discussed.
Consensus and Difference Among Hospital Professionals in Evaluating Child Maltreatment
Authors: Snyder Jane C. , Newberger Eli H.
Published: September 2018

The decision-making process in suspected cases of child maltreatment involves reaching interprofessional consensus. Interprofessional consensus in seriousness ratings of maltreatment incidents for the welfare of the child was examined by surveying 39 case vignette ratings by 295 pediatric hospital professionals from five occupations. The survey instrument was derived from research by Giovannoni and Becerrra (1979). An exploratory factor analysis yielded five categories of maltreatment: physical abuse, sexual abuse, general failures in care, minor neglect/discipline, and lifestyles/ values. A sixth category, parental sexual preference, was rated not very serious and did not appear to belong in the maltreatment domain. Nurses and social workers rated incidents as most serious, differing significantly from psychiatrists and, often, from physicians and psychologists. Professions agreed on rank ordering of categories by seriousness. Variables such as sex, parenthood status, years of experience, and medical specialty showed some relationship to ratings within some professional groups.
Gender, Lifestyles, and Victimization: Beyond Routine Activity
Authors: Jensen Gary F. , Brownfield David
Published: September 2018

Using data from a national survey of high school seniors and a study of high school students in Tucson, Arizona, this paper tests hypotheses about gender, routine activities, and delinquent activities as correlates of teenage victimization. The results are consistent with the hypotheses and suggest the following generalizations: (1) activities which involve the mutual pursuit of fun are more victimogenic than activities which passively put people at risk; (2) delinquent activity is positively related to victimization; (3) delinquent activity is more strongly related to victimization than nondelinquent activities; and (4) gender differences in victimization are reduced considerably by controls for delinquent activity. While offense activity cannot be demonstrated to precede victimization using cross-sectional data, the results do demonstrate the potential importance of delinquent activity in explanations of victimization among youths.
The Outcome of Court-Mandated Treatment for Wife Assault: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Dutton Donald G.
Published: September 2018

This study represents an attempt to assess the effectiveness of court-mandated treatment for wife assault. A quasi-experimental design examined post-conviction recidivism rates for men convicted of wife assault. Fifty men who completed a 16-week treatment program had a 4% recidivism rate for a posttreatment period of up to 3 years. A comparable group who were not treated had a 40% recidivism rate in the same period. Hence, the “success” rate of treatment was 36% according to police records (Rosenthal, 1983). Straus Conflict Tactics Scale scores reported both by the treated men and their wives demonstrated significant posttreatment decreases from pretreatment levels. Treated husbands’ average annual use of severe violence dropped from 10.6 to 1.7 times per year (p <0.01). Eighty-four percent of wives reported no posttreatment violence. Rates of verbal aggression also dropped significantly from pretreatment levels. Comparison with CTS scores of a group of men who were arrested but not treated for wife assault (Jaffe, Wolfe, Telford, & Austin 1986) revealed significant decreases in the use of Physical Aggression subscale tactics (as reported by their wives) as a result of treatment. Interpretative difficulties with the quasi-experimental design used in this study are discussed and a randomized design with appropriate psychological assessment of subjects is recommended.
Resistance and Nonfatal Outcomes in Stranger-to-Stranger Predatory Crime
Authors: Block Richard , Skogan Wesley G.
Published: September 2018

This article examines the consequences of encounters between strangers that might have resulted in robbery or rape and explores how the eventual outcomes of those incidents were related to the resistance offered by their potential victims. It is based on data from the National Crime Survey. Although the conclusions necessarily are tentative, it appears that forceful resistance was related to less frequent success by robbers, but robbery victims resisting forcefully had a greater risk of being physically attacked. Forceful resistance in potential rape incidents was related to higher risk of attack and bodily injury with no apparent reduction in risk of rape. On the other hand, victims who were able to offer nonforceful resistance reported a reduced risk of being robbed and suffered less frequent attack and injury. In rape incidents, nonforceful resistance was linked to lower risk of actual rape but was unrelated to risk of attack or other forms of injury.
Assertiveness Deficits and Hostility in Domestically Violent Men
Authors: Maiuro Roland D. , Cahn Timothy S. , Vitaliano Peter P.
Published: September 2018

Two types of assertiveness, the ability to refuse a demand or request and the ability to initiate a request or affirmatively express a need, were examined in a clinical sample of domestically violent men (N = 78) in contrast to a nonviolent comparison group (N = 29). No significant difference was found between the groups on refusal behavior. However, a significant difference was found on initiating/request behavior, the violent men evidencing lower scores than their nonviolent counterparts. Significant differences in anger and hostility were also apparent between groups. There was a significant and positive correlation between refusal behavior and overt anger/hostility. A significant and negative correlation was observed between initiating/request behavior and covert anger/hostility. The results support the presence of social skill deficits, which appear to be significantly related to anger and hostility in domestically violent men. The findings also suggest that domestically violent men have a more specific profile of assertiveness deficits than has been previously discussed in the literature.
Control, Coping, and Victimization in Dating Relationships
Authors: Pape Karen T. , Arias Ileana
Published: September 2018

This study examined the role of perceived control and coping in mediating the relationship between violent and nonviolent negative relationship events and women’s experience of distress. Results based on the responses of 48 victims of dating relationship violence and 74 nonvictims indicated that perceived control was negatively related to distress for victims but not nonvictims. While both victims and nonvictims engaged in both problem- and emotion-focused coping, and different patterns of coping emerged for the two groups, appraisals of control were not related to choice of coping strategies for violent or nonviolent negative relationship events. Psychological distress was not significantly predicted by coping strategies or the interaction of control and coping for either type of event or for either group. These results suggest that control appraisals may be particularly important in reducing distress for victims. However, appraisals of perceived control may place them at increased risk for abuse in the long run, as victims are unlikely to be able to control the violence as it escalates in both severity and frequency over time.
Conflict Resolution Strategies and Marital Distress as Mediating Factors in the Link Between Witnessing Interparental Violence and Wife Battering
Authors: Choice Pamela , Lamke Leanne K. , Pittman Joe F.
Published: September 2018

This study investigated the mediating effects of men’s ineffective conflict resolution strategies and marital distress on the intergenerational transmission of wife battering. Subjects were 1836 men who participated in the Second National Family Violence Survey. Results indicated that men who witnessed interparental violence were more likely to use ineffective conflict resolution strategies. The use of ineffective conflict resolution strategies increased men’s likelihood of encountering marital distress and engaging in wife battering. Contrary to the expectations of the study, results also revealed a direct link between witnessing interparental violence and wife battering.
Attributions About Spouse Abuse in Cases of Bidirectional Battering
Authors: Cook Cynthia A. , Harris Richard J.
Published: September 2018

A particularly misunderstood type of domestic violence is the type of incident where both partners are violent, for example, where one partner is violent and the other is violent in self-defense. The present study examined third-party attributions about such battering. Subjects read a fictitious newspaper report of a domestic battering incident and then filled out rating scales about the participants and the event. The scenario described either an “asymmetric battering” incident where one party instigated the violence and was much more violent than the other, or an incident which was more of a mutual fight (symmetric battering). Both scenarios ended with one person seriously injuring the other. Each scenario had two versions, in which either the husband or the wife instigated the violence. Results showed that the person who had instigated the violence was judged more harshly and was given more responsibility for their actions in both the symmetric and asymmetric battering conditions. The less violent partner in the asymmetric conditions was judged to have more right to use force. In the symmetric battering, both parties were assigned blame.
Exposure to Serious Family Violence Among Incarcerated Boys: Its Association With Violent Offending and Potential Mediating Variables
Authors: Spaccarelli Steve , Coatsworth J. Douglas , Sperry Bowden Blake
Published: September 2018

A sample of 213 delinquent male adolescents (mean age = 16.1) were compared on interview-based measures concerning exposure to interadult family violence and physical abuse, attitudes toward aggression, self-reported competence, and coping strategies. Using juvenile arrest data and self-reports of violent behaviors, the sample was divided into four groups: “Violent Offenders,” “Undetected Violent Offenders,” “Violent Deniers,” and “Controls.” Results indicated that violent offenders and undetected violent offenders had higher rates of exposure to serious physical abuse, and weapons violence between adults, than controls and deniers. A series of 2 x 2 ANOVAs further indicated that exposure to serious violence was associated with lower self-reported competence, attitudes more supportive of aggression, and more use of aggressive control as a form of coping. Logistic regression analyses were also consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of exposure to family violence on serious violent offending are mediated by beliefs supporting aggression and by the tendency to cope through aggressive control-seeking. Implications of these results for future research concerning exposure to family violence as a risk factor for serious violent offending are discussed.
Male and Female Sexual Victimization in Dating Relationships: Gender Differences in Coercion Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Waldner-Haugrud Lisa K. , Magruder Brian
Published: September 2018

Previous research on dating sexual coercion defines females as victims and males as perpetrators. This study expands on a trend to include male victims of sexual coercion in order to contrast their experiences with female victims. Results from 422 Midwestern, college students reveal a phenomenal amount of sexual coercion is occurring. Although women report more victimization, both males and females in the study reported coercion resulting in sexual behaviors ranging from kissing to intercourse. Coercive tactics targeted in this study included: intoxication, blackmail, lies, false promises, guilt, threats to end the relationship, persistent touching, being held down, detainment, threat of physical force, use of force, and use of a weapon. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that women were more likely to experience unwanted sexual behavior when the following coercive tactics were used: detainment, persistent touching, lies, and being held down. Men were more likely to report unwanted sexual behavior ranging from kissing to intercourse when female dates used blackmail or a weapon. Low frequency of the weapon item renders this finding less significant. Chi-square results reveal a pattern of coercing women into more extreme behaviors, such as intercourse, while men report coercion ending in milder sexual behaviors, such as unwanted kissing or touching.
A Study of the Prevalence of Sexual Coercion in Adolescent Heterosexual Dating Relationships in a Quebec Sample
Authors: Poitras Michéle , Lavoie Francine
Published: September 2018

Very few studies which have addressed the issue of sexual violence in dating relationships have provided prevalence rates for coercion that is perpetrated and sustained for both sexes during adolescence, while adequately accounting for the totality of unwanted sexual experiences. The present study addresses these issues by examining the rates of perpetrated and sustained sexual coercion among 644 French-speaking adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age with heterosexual dating experience from Quebec (Canada). Chi-square analyses reveal that girls are more often the victims of coercion, while boys more frequently perpetrate it. However, some boys are victims of sexual coercion. The most frequently occurring unwanted sexual experiences are kissing, and petting or fondling. Verbal coercion, consisting of continual arguments and pressure, is the strategy most often used by those who perpetrate unwanted sexual experiences, and is the strategy most frequently reported by those who suffer it. More extreme forms of sexual violence are also reported, but at a lower rate. Such high rates of sexual coercion during adolescence, as observed in the present study within a culture which is increasingly open to issues regarding sexuality, argue strongly for the implementation of prevention and intervention programs within this age group.
Excuses, Excuses: Accounting for the Effects of Partner Violence on Marital Satisfaction and Stability
Authors: Katz Jennifer , Arias Ileana , Beach Steven R. H. , Brody Gene , Roman Paul
Published: September 2018

For both theoretical and practical reasons, it is important to understand processes that lead to marital dissatisfaction and dissolution among women who are targets of relationship violence. Because attributional tendencies may often forecast marital behavior and because alcohol use is often seen as providing an excuse for deviant behavior, we examine two potential moderators of the associations between husband violence and wife marital outcomes: wife attributional style and husband problem drinking tendencies. A community sample of married couples (N = 66) completed a comprehensive battery of marital assessments. Results suggested that responsibility attributions moderated the association between husband violence and wives’ marital dissatisfaction but exerted a direct effect on wives’ disposition toward divorce. Husband problem drinking moderated the impact of husband violence only on wives’ disposition toward divorce. As would be expected from an “excuse” model of the associations between violence and marital outcomes, violence had less of an impact on marital satisfaction and divorce ideation when wives attributed responsibility for negative spouse behavior as external to their husbands and when husbands were problem drinkers, respectively.
Adjusting to Criminal Victimization: The Correlates of Postcrime Distress
Authors: Davis Robert C. , Taylor Bruce , Lurigio Arthur J.
Published: September 2018

This article explores the correlates of immediate and short-term psychological distress among victims of burglary, robbery, and nonsexual assault. A panel design was employed. Crime victims were interviewed within 1 month following the incident and again 3 months later. Four sets of predictors were examined: demographics, previctimization adjustment and stress, features of the crime incident, and victims’ perceptions. Measures of distress included a range of standard indices of adjustment and symptomatology. Demographic characteristics and victim perceptions accounted for the greatest proportions of variance in the outcome measures at Time 1 and Tune 2. The strongest predictors of psychological adjustment at the end of 3 months included adjustment after 1 month, education, victim injury, victims’ beliefs that their lives had been endangered during the crime episode, and victims’ appraisals of the world as meaningful. Implications for treatment and directions for future studies are discussed.
Self-Reported Sexual Interest in Children: Sex Differences and Psychosocial Correlates in a University Sample
Authors: Smiljanich Kathy , Briere John
Published: September 2018

A sample of 180 female and 99 male university students were surveyed regarding their sexual interest in children. Males reported sexual attraction to at least one child more often than did females (n = 22 [22.2%] and n = 5 [2.8%], respectively). Both males and females reported very low rates of sexual fantasies about children, masturbation to such fantasies, or potential likelihood of sexual contact with a child. Males’ sexual attraction to children was associated with lower self-esteem, greater sexual conflicts, more sexual impulsivity, lower scores on the Socialization scale of the California Psychological Inventory, greater use of pornography depicting consenting adult sex, and more self-reported difficulty attracting age-appropriate sexual partners. Childhood victimization history and attitudes supporting sexual aggression did not discriminate self-reported sexual attraction to children.
Childhood Abuse as a Precursor to Homelessness for Homeless Women With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Davies-Netzley Sally , Hurlburt Michael S. , Hough Richard L.
Published: September 2018

Previous studies of childhood abuse levels among homeless women have typically focused either on single homeless women or female heads of families; almost none have focused specifically on homeless women with severe mental illness. This study explores rates of childhood physical and sexual abuse among 120 homeless women with severe mental illness. Correlates of experiencing childhood abuse are considered, including mental health outcomes and when women first become homeless. The prevalence of childhood abuse in this sample of women was substantially higher than among homeless women in general. The experience of childhood abuse was related to increased suicidality, and resulted in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder for some women. Women who had suffered abuse were also much more likely to become homeless during childhood and it is suggested that this is an important precursor to homelessness for many homeless women with chronic and severe mental illness.
Suicide Following Homicide in the Family
Authors: Cooper Mary , Eaves Derek
Published: September 2018

Previous research has established that perpetrators of homicide-suicide share more characteristics with those who commit suicide than they do with those who commit homicide without suicide. This article examines the characteristics of victims, perpetrators and the circumstances leading to the homicide of a sample of familial homicide-suicides and familial homicides in southwest British Columbia. A familial homicide was defined as one in which the victim and perpetrator were related directly or indirectly through blood or an intimate relationship. Suicide only occurred following the killing of an intimate partner and/or offspring. Consistent with an evolutionary perspective, homicides followed by suicide were most often attributable to male proprietariness (manifested by killing former intimate partners or offspring following an intimate separation) or mental illness. By contrast, none of the murders which occurred as a result of violence by the victim, child abuse, family conflict, or financial/criminal motives was followed by suicide.
The Dominance Scale: Preliminary Psychometric Properties
Authors: Hamby Sherry L.
Published: September 2018

Dominance may be the most widely mentioned risk factor for physical assaults on an intimate partner, but empirical studies have found mixed results. A new measure, the Dominance Scale, operationalizes a reconceptualization that examines three different forms of dominance: Authority, Restrictiveness, and Disparagement. Preliminary psychometric characteristics demonstrated good distributions and internal consistency in a sample of 131 undergraduates. In a comparison of Dominance Scale scores with related constructs of interest, Authority was found to be most closely related to a measure of decision-making power and to social desirability. Of the three, Restrictiveness appears to be most closely associated with partner violence, including psychological aggression, physical assault, and injury. Differences among forms of dominance may partially explain the mixed results of past research. Further validation of the Dominance Scale is planned.
Dating Violence: The Association Between Methods of Coping and Women’s Psychological Adjustment
Authors: Coffey Patricia , Leitenberg Harold , Henning Kris , Bennett Robert T. , Jankowski M. K.
Published: September 2018

The present study examined the psychological impact of dating violence and the relationship between methods of coping with dating violence and psychological adjustment in a nonclinical female student population. Analyses revealed that women who experienced dating violence were at significantly greater risk than a comparison group for experiencing psychological distress. More symptoms of psychological distress were observed even after controlling for differences between the groups in histories of sexual aggression since age 16 and violence experiences in childhood including physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing physical conflict between one’s parents. The dating violence group was also more prone to use disengagement methods of coping to deal with nondating violence stressful life events than was the comparison group. In addition, disengagement methods of coping with the dating violence per se accounted for unique variance in psychological adjustment even after controlling for characteristics of the dating violence and methods of coping with other stressors.
Psychopharmacological Treatment of Aggressive Behavior: Implications for Domestically Violent Men
Authors: Maiuro Roland D. , Avery David H.
Published: September 2018

In an attempt to further evolve our understanding and response to domestic violence as a public health problem, a number of investigators have begun to prioritize the development of specialized diagnostic and intervention methods from a biomedical perspective. The potential use of selectively prescribed and carefully monitored medications to help end violent and abusive behavior would be an important step toward mainstreaming the treatment of domestically violent men into the realm of modern medicine and health care. While much work remains in understanding the specific linkages and mechanisms between psychobiology and aggressive and violent behavior, there is a growing body of basic and clinical research which has important potential for expanding our intervention efforts. This article reviews this research in relation to current efforts to understand and treat domestically violent men. A biopsychosocial model which incorporates selective and adjunctive psychopharmacological treatment within the context of cognitive-behavioral and social systems interventions is outlined and discussed.
Psychological Factors in the Longitudinal Course of Battering: When Do the Couples Split Up? When Does the Abuse Decrease?
Authors: Jacobson Neil S. , Gottman John M. , Gortner Eric , Berns Sara , Wu Shortt Joann
Published: September 2018

The longitudinal course of battering was investigated over a 2-year time span. Forty-five batterers and their spouses were assessed with self-report, psychophysiological, and marital interaction measures. Both the stability of the relationship and of the battering were assessed. At the two-year follow-up, 62% of the couples were still married and living together, while 38% had separated or divorced. A combination of six variables, reflecting severity of husband emotional abuse, wife dissatisfaction, husband physiological arousal, and wife defending herself assertively, was 90.2% accurate in predicting separation or divorce 2 years later. Of the couples still living together at follow-up, 46% of the batterers did not reduce their levels of severe violence, while 54% did significantly decrease levels of violence. Husbands who continued to be severely violent at 2-year follow-up were more domineering, globally negative and emotionally abusive toward their wives at Time 1 than husbands who reduced their levels of violence. Even though 54% of the batterers decreased the frequency of violent acts over the 2-year period, only 7% achieved complete desistance. Moreover, husband emotional abuse did not decrease over the 2-year period, even when physical abuse did.
Feminist-Cognitive-Behavioral and Process-Psychodynamic Treatments for Men Who Batter: Interaction of Abuser Traits and Treatment Models
Authors: Saunders Daniel G.
Published: September 2018

At a community-based domestic violence program, 218 men with a history of partner abuse were randomly assigned to either feminist-cognitive-behavioral or process-psychodynamic group treatments. The treatments were not hypothesized to differ in outcome. However, men with particular characteristics were expected to have lower recidivism rates depending on the type of treatment received. Treatment integrity was verified through audio-taped codings of each session. The partners of 79% of the 136 treatment completers gave reports of the men’s behavior an average of 2 years post-treatment. These reports were supplemented with arrest records and self-reports. Rates of violence did not differ significantly between the two types of treatment nor did reports from the women of their fear level, general changes perceived in the men, and conflict resolution methods. However, interaction effects were found between some offender traits and the two treatments. As predicted, men with dependent personalities had better outcomes in the process-psychodynamic groups and those with antisocial traits had better outcomes in the cognitive-behavioral groups. The results suggest that more effective treatment may occur if it is tailored to specific characteristics of offenders.
Comparison of Beginning Counselors’ Responses to Lesbian vs. Heterosexual Partner Abuse
Authors: Wise Amy J. , Bowman Sharon L.
Published: September 2018

This study compared responses of masters and doctoral level counseling students to two domestic violence scenarios. Participants read a two paragraph description of a battering incident involving either a heterosexual or lesbian couple and then gave their impressions via a series of open and closed ended questions. Scenarios were identical save the manipulation of sexual partner as same or opposite sex. Experience and/or education with battered and/or gay/lesbian clients is also examined. Results indicated that subjects perceived the heterosexual battering incident as more violent than the lesbian battering incident and would be more likely to charge the male batterer than the female batterer with assault. Differences in treatment recommendations were made according to sexual orientation of the victim. Less than half of the respondents had coursework or practical experience pertaining to domestic violence and/or gay/lesbian concerns.
Social Ecology and Entitlements Involved in Battering by Heterosexual College Males: Contributions of Family and Peers
Authors: Silverman Jay G. , Williamson Gail M.
Published: September 2018

This study examined how the social ecological factors of family history and relationships with peers were associated with 193 college men’s partner violence and attitudes regarding battering. Multivariate (path) analyses revealed that witnessing paternal battering in childhood was both directly and indirectly (through male peer variables and attitudes concerning battering) related to a man’s violence toward female partners. Specifically, those men who reported witnessing paternal domestic violence as a child were more likely to associate with male peers who are abusive and who provide informational support for relationship violence. Associating with abusive male peers and receiving male peer informational support for battering were also related to perpetrating relationship violence. Of particular interest were the findings that after controlling for witnessing paternal battering, male peer informational support exerted a direct effect on the increased likelihood of using violence against female partners, and that, in the path model predicting battering ever, witnessing battering ceased to be a significant predictor of men’s violence when peer and attitudinal variables were considered. Male peer-related variables also predicted men’s increased beliefs of entitlement to abuse female partners, and the belief that battering is justified directly affected partner violence perpetrated. These results support the inclusion of the broader social ecology of the batterer in examinations of male partner violence.
Routine Activities and Involvement in Violence as Actor, Witness, or Target
Authors: Felson Richard B.
Published: September 2018

This research examines the effects of an active “night life” on involvement in interpersonal violence as either an actor, a witness, or a target. The results show that males with an active night life are more likely to witness as well as participate in violent encounters, whereas an active night life is not a risk factor for females. The fact that night life affects witnessing violence, and engaging in nondomestic but not domestic violence, supports a routine activity approach over other explanations. The results also show that young men, and men without family obligations, are more likely to be involved in nondomestic violence, in part because they go out at night more frequently.
Perceptions of Rape: The Influence of Closeness of Relationship, Intoxication and Sex of Participant
Authors: Hammock Georgina S. , Richardson Deborah R.
Published: September 2018

Intoxication of the assailant and/or victim is often mentioned in relation to acquaintance rape. The present study tests how independent observers use this information in their perceptions of acquaintance and stranger rape. One hundred and forty-nine females and 104 males read scenarios depicting a sexual assault and made attributions of responsibility for the rape and evaluated the actors. Victims’ intoxication consistently influenced perceptions of victim culpability as well as respondent evaluation of her. The impact of closeness of relationship was much more complex and less consistent than the effects of victim intoxication.
Harassment in the Workplace and the Victimization of Men
Authors: Einarsen Ståle , Raknes Bjørn I.
Published: September 2018

Harassment and victimization among male workers were studied in a sample of 460 industrial workers, supervisors and managers within a Norwegian marine engineering industry. The results indicated that aggression and harassment are significant problems in this organizational setting. On a weekly basis, 7% of the men reported being subjected to at least one of the following behaviors from coworkers or supervisors: ridicule and insulting teasing, verbal abuse, rumors and gossips spread about themselves, offending remarks, recurring reminders on blunders, hostility or silence when entering a conversation, or the devaluing of one’s effort and work. As many as 22% reported being subjected to one or more of these acts at least monthly. Although such acts and conducts are common and experienced by most organization members now and then, they may significantly impair psychological health and well-being as well as overall job satisfaction when occurring consistently and systematically. Significant correlations were found between exposure to harassment and both job satisfaction and psychological health and well-being. Strong correlations were found between exposure to harassment and dissatisfaction with co-worker interaction.
Individual Differences in Self-Appraisals and Responses to Dating Violence Scenarios
Authors: Katz Jennifer , Street Amy , Arias Ileana
Published: September 2018

Previous research suggests that certain types of self-appraisals may predispose individuals to be more or less tolerant of relationship violence. The current study investigates two such appraisals, selfesteem and self-attributions, as correlates of women’s responses to hypothetical episodes of relationship violence by their dating partners. Undergraduate women involved in dating relationships (N = 145) reported global selfesteem, attributions for hypothetical partner aggression, and probable responses to the aggression. Results showed that selfesteem and self-attributions emerged as correlates of intentions to forgive violence, whereas only self-attributions emerged as a correlate of intentions to dissolve the relationship. The association between self-attributions and intentions to exit a violent relationship was fully mediated by intentions to forgive the partner. Because self-appraisals may inform prevention programs for women who may experience relationship violence, clinical implications are discussed.
Dating Aggression Among High School Students
Authors: Schwartz Miguel , O’Leary Susan G. , Kendziora Kimberly T.
Published: September 2018

Links were examined among physical aggression toward a dating partner, parental aggression, and justification of physical aggression during an argument in a sample of 228 (122 male and 106 female) high school students. Forty-four percent of females and 16% of males reported engaging in at least one physically aggressive behavior toward a dating partner during a disagreement, with the modal form of aggression being push, grab or shove for both males and females. The probability that a male, but not a female, would aggress was significantly predicted by parental aggression and justification of aggression. Among aggressive students, the extent of males’ aggression was strongly predicted by their justification of aggression; the extent of females’ aggression was not predictable. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
Violent Responses to Strain: An Examination of Conditioning Influences
Authors: Mazerolle Paul , Piquero Alex
Published: September 2018

Past research on General Strain Theory (GST) has not widely examined the application of the theory for understanding violent responses to strain. Additionally, the theory suggests there may be varying effects of strain on possible deviant outcomes across individuals differentiated on their dispositions toward deviance. In the current analysis, we examine violent responses to strain using original data collected from a sample of college-aged youth. Moreover, we specifically examine whether the effects of strain and anger on possible violent outcomes are invariant across individuals differentiated on their level of exposure to deviant peers and moral constraints against deviance. Using structural equation modeling, our results suggest that a composite measure of strain increases respondents’ intentions to engage in assaultive behavior net of other predictors. Additionally, the results reveal that anger mediates the impact of strain on possible violent responses. Finally, the results of our subgroup analyses suggest that the basic form of the GST model is invariant across groups.
Effects of Time and an Educational Presentation on Student Attitudes Toward Wife-Beating
Authors: O’Neal Margaret F. , Wenzler Dorn Patricia
Published: September 2018

To determine if a public outreach educational presentation on domestic violence would produce change in attitudes toward wife-beating and if the attitude change would persist over time, 36 female and male university students were quasi-randomly assigned to groups. Half of the subjects received a 20-minute presentation on domestic violence (Group P), and half did not receive a presentation (Group NP). Groups were then tested on their responses on the Inventory of Beliefs about Wife Beating (IBWB). Three weeks later, groups were retested on their responses to the scale. MANOVA revealed that attitudes of Group P were significantly more negative toward wife-beating than attitudes of Group NP on three of the five IBWB subscales and on three of the 31 IBWB items subsumed under the subscales. Data supported the prediction that public outreach efforts would produce more negative attitudes toward wife-beating and that attitude change would not deteriorate over time.
Exploring Violence and Abuse in Gay Male Relationships
Authors: Cruz J. Michael , Firestone Juanita M.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine gay male relationships where domestic violence was present. Qualitative data for this endeavor were collected by conducting in-depth interviews over an 8-month period with 25 men who self-identified both as homosexual and as victims or perpetrators of domestic violence. Implications are made throughout this piece for further research and analysis regarding gay male domestic violence. Findings include the prominent similarities between heterosexual domestic violence and the perceptions of abuse experienced by the respondents in this study with respect to definitions of the situation, actual experiences and reasons for remaining in abusive relationships. Additionally, the need for both family-based and community-based support services are documented.
Adolescent Attitudes Toward Victim Precipitation of Rape
Authors: Marciniak Liz M.
Published: September 2018

Adolescents have high rates of rape victimization and offending compared to other age groups, yet few studies have examined predictors of rape-supportive attitudes among adolescents. Drawing from Burl’s (1980) study of rape myth acceptance among adults, this study tests a path analytic model of adolescent attitudes about victim precipitation of rape, using a sample of 1393 cases from the National Youth Survey (NYS) (Elliott, Ageton, Huizinga, Knowles, & Cantor, 1983). LISREL (Jöreskeg & Sörbom, 1988) estimation procedures are applied. Results show direct effects of sociocultural influences on an individual’s level of rape myth acceptance, but demonstrate some interesting gender differences. Findings also reveal indirect effects of age, race, and socioeconomic status on attitudes toward rape, which operate through traditional gender role stereotyping. Educating young adolescents about the nature of rape and the rights and roles of women are logical points of intervention to decrease acceptance of rape myths that target the victim.
Why Don’t They Just Call the Cops?: Reasons for Differential Police Contact Among Women with Abusive Partners
Authors: Fleury Ruth E. , Sullivan Cris M. , Bybee Deborah I. , Davidson William S.
Published: September 2018

Incidents of domestic violence are frequently not reported to police (e.g., Johnson, 1990; Langan & Innes, 1986; Roy, 1977), and people commonly assume that women’s reasons for not calling about violence by a current or former partner are intrapersonal (e.g., shame, embarrassment, love). However, few researchers have asked battered women themselves about the frequency of their police contacts and their reasons for not calling the police. In this study, participants were recruited from a battered women’s shelter and asked about their experiences with the police over the prior 6 months. Two thirds of the sample had had contact with the police during that time, but most did not have as much contact with the police as they had needed. Women gave multiple reasons for not calling the police; these reasons frequently included situational barriers, such as being physically prevented from using the telephone and/or being threatened with more violence. Only 3% of the sample reported that shame, embarrassment, or love were their sole reasons for not calling the police. Underreporting was related to previous (negative) experience with the police, as well as to the level of violence experienced. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Sociodemographic Predictors and Cultural Barriers to Help-Seeking Behavior by Latina and Anglo American Battered Women
Authors: West Carolyn M. , Kantor Glenda K. , Jasinski Jana L.
Published: September 2018

Data from a national survey were used to investigate the help-seeking efforts of Latinas (Mexican, Mexican American, Puerto Rican) and Anglo American women who experienced battering by intimate partners. The findings revealed that battered Latinas were significantly younger, less educated, and more impoverished than Anglo women. Additionally, Latinas more often categorized their marriages as male dominated and their husbands as heavy drinkers. Bivariate analyses showed that Latinas who sought help were significantly more acculturated and more likely to have a heavy drinking husband than those who did not seek help. Although battered women were active help seekers, Latinas underutilized both informal and formal resources relative to Anglo women, with Mexican women least likely to seek assistance. When sociodemographic predictors of help seeking were analyzed, being youthful and Anglo significantly increased the odds of help-seeking efforts. Low acculturation, as measured by preference for the Spanish language, was the only significant cultural barrier to help seeking by Latinas. Implications for treatment include improved outreach and advocacy to underserved groups.