bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regression assessment of labor cost standards based on neural network simulation
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Bolotin S. A. , Khoshnaw Yousif Babakr Hussein ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Bohan Haitham ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

Construction scheduling is based on data on the duration of works, which are directly related to the values of labor costs. This ensures obtaining of the most accurate results of scheduling implemented both at the stage of construction design and in the process of its operational management. In the Russian Federation and in other leading foreign countries, there have been developed databases for standardized labor costs in the field of construction. However, many developing countries, for example, the Republic of Iraq, are not provided with their own standards for labor costs, and therefore, they are forced to use either the standards of other countries or determine the duration of work with the help of expert estimates, which leads to a significant error in the construction planning schedule. To create databases on labor standards, various methods are used that are either based on timing measurements, or on physiological methods for measuring anthropological parameters associated with the energy costs of workers. Since the use of these approaches requires significant costs and time, a technique is proposed as an acceptable alternative. This technique is based on the collection of statistical data included in the executive documentation for construction, expert data that determine the feasibility of regulatory conditions for the performance of work, and regression processing of the final results based on the use of modeling capabilities of artificial neural networks.
Algorithm for using hydrogen fuel in wheeled vehicles
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Vorobyov S. A. , Razumov P. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The use of hydrogen as fuel in wheeled vehicles with an internal combustion engine is considered, and an algorithm for its effective use is developed. This algorithm will minimize the time and cost of re-equipping the power system to obtain an environmental and economic effect on vehicles equipped with gasoline or gas internal combustion engines operating on the Otto cycle with various power systems.
Brake tests of studded rubber motor tyres on wet bituminous concrete pavement at zero temperatures
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Cvil Engineering, Evtyukov S. S. , Gladushevskiy I. S. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

There were carried out deceleration tests of category M1 vehicles using the BRAKETESTER model LWS-2/MC decelerometer on dry asphalt pavement t=(0±0,5) °C. The calculation method was considered and the coefficient of the vehicle deceleration variation taking into account technological progress was introduced.
Assessment of transport demandfor sub-urbanized territories
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Zedgenizov A. V. , Efremenko I. A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the problems of the functioning of suburbanized territories. The factors influencing the development of suburbanized territories and the main transport issues regarding the city-suburb system are considered. The agglomeration links of Irkutsk with the adjacent territories on the basis of transport accessibility by public and individual transport are determined. The authors present the study results concerning housing settlements located within the limits of individual transport accessibility of the Irkutsk region. These results are submitted in the form of quantitative characteristics of functioning, such as transport demand, daily maximum coefficients, the number of trips made by individual vehicles and the average occupancy of private vehicles. There has been carried out a regression-correlation analysis aimed at identifying transport demand arising in suburbanized territories in the area of transport accessibility by individual transport, as a result of which an empirical expression is proposed, the main factor of which is the area of the suburbanized territory. Recommendations are offered concerning the practical application of empirical expression in forecasting the intensity of traffic flows in sections of the road-transport network, providing a link between suburban areas and the city.
Innovative products and models regulated by business entities in the field of construction and turnover of immovable property
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Asaul A. N. , Asaul M. A. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University
Published: February 2021

The paper identifies and studies the main areas of activity in the field of ConTech and PropTech. The companies that successfully implement new ideas are discussed. The authors highlight the essence of new entrepreneurial ideas (startups) in the investment and construction sector and the turnover of real estate. Investment activity in the Russian PropTech sector is studied.
Main directions, specifics and prospects of architectural and construction design development in conditions of Northern latitudes
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Gusev V. S. , Pukharenko Yu. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

Northern regions of the country are of great economic, geopolitical, defense and strategic importance. The article considers the problems of construction in the Arctic regions highlighting the importance of using construction technologies and materials that meet the conditions of the Extreme North, as well as integrating the latest scientific achievements into the field of architecture and construction with the need to implement the experience of foreign and Russian developers and facilitating the development of Arctic tourism.
Comprehensive analysis of accident rate and causes of complication of road traffic situation
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kurakina E. V. , Riazanov S. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

The article presents a substantiation of the necessity for an integrated (systematic) approach to solving the problems of road traffic injuries and research on the assessment of road safety criteria. The main regulatory documents - tools for reducing the road traffic accident rate in Russia - have been analyzed. The extent to which performance targets and indicators have to be improved is justified. The causes for the complication of the road transport situation are specified and factors of progressive increase of accidents are designated. The authors offer a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of accident rate reduction based on the use of system-forming indicators of road infrastructure to identify causes and factors, accident risk indicators and places of their concentration, a system of parameter assessment.
PROBLEMS OF USING SOURCES OF DECENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY IN THE SOUTH OF THE TOMSK REGION
Authors:   Tomsk branch of the Trofimuk institute of petroleum geology and geophysics of Siberian branch of Russian academy of sciences, Kolubaeva Yu. V. , Ivanova I. S. ,   Tomsk branch of the Trofimuk institute of petroleum geology and geophysics of Siberian branch of Russian academy of sciences
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Sources of non-centralized water supply are the most important resource of drinking water for the population of rural areas. As a rule, water is taken from small depths, which makes it vulnerable to pollution. This type of water use is characterized by the absence of any preliminary water treatment. The constant use of groundwater for drinking can negatively affect the health of the local population since the indicators of its chemical and microbiological composition are not controlled in any way and do not always meet the quality standards. All this determines the relevance of the research conducted in the territory of the Tomsk District (Tomsk Region). Methods. Groundwater quality was assessed by comparing the concentrations of substances in the studied water samples with the background values established for the given territory in relation to Sanitary Norms and Regulations as well as microbiological indicators. Changes in the chemical and microbiological composition of the studied water, caused by economic activity, were taken as “pollution” as compared to the natural (background) state for this territory as well as sanitary and hygienic standards. Results. According to the results of studying the chemical composition of water, high levels of the following components were observed: total hardness, Na+, K+, SO42–, Cl–, NO3–, Fe, and Mn. As for NO3–, Fe, and Mn, their concentrations exceed manifold not only the background values but also the maximum allowable concentrations for drinking water. Microbiological analysis showed a large number of microorganisms from various physiological groups, which indicates a high degree of bacterial contamination of water. We present possible reasons for the input of pollutants into the water and review briefly the adverse health effects. Conclusion. In order to prevent the possible negative impact of excessive contents of various components in the chemical composition of water on the health of the local population, preliminary water treatment using available methods is recommended.
PEMODELAN SAW UNTUK MENENTUKAN TINGKAT DEPRESI GAMER
Authors: Caniaghi Dewa , Latubessy Anastasya , Maharani Rizkysari Mei
Published: February 2021

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini melahirkan banyak permainan berbasis gadget dan internet yang menarik. Seerorang dapat bermain game untuk menghilangkan kepenatan dan memperoleh perasaan bahagia. Namun, disisi lain seorang gamer juga dapat mengalami depresi karena faktor-faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi. Tingkat depresi seorang Gamer dapat diukur dari beberapa kriteria yaitu Insomsia, Mood Swing, Tidak nafsu makan, kesulitan komunikasi dan anti sosial. Beberapa kriteria tersebut dimodelkan menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) yang merupakan salah satu metode untuk pemilihan keputusan.  Pemodelannya digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat depresi pada gamer dengan hasil yang didapat terdapat 3 tingkatan depresi mulai dari ringan sampai tinggi. Dengan hasil terbanyak berada pada tingkat sedang lalu banyak dan terakhir dan ringan. Tujuan dilakukan pemodelan ini adalah memberikan tambahan pengetahuan tentang tingkatan depresi gamer. Bahwa seorang gamer dapat mengalami depresi walaupun kegiatan bermain game seharusnya menjadi sesuatu yang menyenangkan.
SISTEM LAYANAN PENGAJUAN KREDIT PADA BMT AL HIKMAH SEMESTA CABANG DAWE DENGAN METODE SAW
Authors: Wibowo Susilo Ery , Supriyati Endang , Nindyasari Ratih
Published: February 2021

BMT Alhikmah Semesta cabang Dawe merupakan koperasi simpan pinjam yang melayani pembiayaan syariah. Dalam proses pengajuan pinjaman hingga persetujuan pembiayaan masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Dengan berkembangnya sistem informasi yang terkomputerisasi, proses pengajuan dan proses analisa dapat lebih di efisienkan prosesnya. Yaitu dalam hal waktu proses pengajuan, proses analisa dan memilimalkan penggunaan kertas. Maka dari itu dibuat aplikasi Sistem Layanan Pengajuan Kredit Online. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan dalam menganalisa tingkat kelayakan pemohon dalam menerima pinjaman yaitu Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Weighted Product (WP), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan analisa pemohon adalah Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Metode ini merupakan salah satu metode dari Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM). Konsep dasar metode SAW adalah mencari penjumlahan terbobot dari rating kinerja pada setiap alternatif pada setiap atribut. Metode ini membutuhkan proses normalisasi matrik keputusan ke suatu skala yang dapaat diperbandingkan dengan semua rating alternatif maupun kriteria yang ada. Sehingga metode SAW mampu menghasilkan analisa alternatif terbaik dari masing-masing kriteria yang dilakukan proses perhitungan. Dalam hal ini alternatif yang dicari adalah yang layak menerima kredit.
APLIKASI BERBASIS WEB UNTUK PELAYANAN PEMBUATAN SURAT KETERANGAN DI KANTOR DESA HONGGOSOCO KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Wijayanti Esti , Saputro Heru
Published: February 2021

Pembuatan surat ini akan di implementasikan pada Kantor Kelurahan Desa Honggosoco yang bergerak di bidang Pelayanan Administrasi. Aplikasi Perangkat lunak ini dikembangkan melalui website karena apalikasi tersebut mudah untuk diakses warga sebagai upaya pelayanan masyarakat dalam membuat surat keterangan di Kantor Balai Desa Honggosoco.Selama pengembangan perangkat lunak, website berbasis php dan mysql, dengan menggunakan metode waterfall pada tahapan analisis, merancang, implementasi, pengujian, dan perawatan. Aplikasi telah berhasil dikembangkan perangkat lunak Sistem Pelayanan Surat Keterangan Berbasis Web pada Kantor Desa Honggosoco. Kesimpulan dari keseluruhan proses adalah membantu dan mempermudah warga untuk mempermudah membuat surat keterangan tanpa banyak proses yang harus dihadapi
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN OBJEK WISATA DI JEPARA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Prasojo Purwo Adi , Nurkamid Mukhamad , Ghozali Muhammad Imam
Published: February 2021

Kota Jepara yang terletak di pesisir pantai, memberikan kota Jepara banyak sekali objek wisata pantai. Letak geografis yang berbeda dari setiap pantai menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik yang berbeda pula pada setiap pantai di Jepara. Contohnya ada beberapa pantai dengan pasir hitam, pasir putih, bebatuan karang hingga lumpur. Serta di jepara pula memliki palung laut yang dalam dan arus yang kuat sehingga menyebabkan beberapa pantai di jepara hanya bisa di gunakan untuk bersantai dan bukan untuk wahana wisata air. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat memberikan informasi yang detail dari setiap pantai yang ada di kota Jepara. Logika Fuzzy Tahani dipilih karena metode Logika Fuzzy Tahani merupakan suatu bentuk model pendukung keputusan dimana peralatan utamanya adalah sebuah hirarki fungsional dengan input utamanya kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Sistem ini akan diimplementasikan pada smartphhone android, dimana variabel yang dijadikan pertimbangan adalah harga tiket, banyaknya fasilitas, jumlah pengunjung, jarak yang harus ditempuh, dan kemudahan akses jalan menuju lokasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah suatu system pendukung keputusan yang merekomendasikan objek wisata sesuai dengan variable yang dipilih.
HYGIENE SANITASI MAKANAN JAJANAN KANTIN SEBUAH PERGURUAN TINGGI DI BANDUNG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Dewi Vera Intanie
Published: February 2021

Hygiene sanitasi makanan jajanan adalah upaya untuk mengendalikan faktor makanan, orang, tempat dan perlengkapannya yang dapat atau mungkin dapat menimbulkan penyakit atau gangguan kesehatan (keputusan Menteri kesehatan RI nomor 715). Dari bahan pelatihan hygiene BEDO dan ILO didapat dua hal yang sangat penting dan sebenarnya mudah untuk dilakukan oleh penjual makanan dikantin yaitu pengelolaan kebersihan pribadi (menyangkut penjual makanan dan minuman di kantin) serta pengelolaan dapur. Tulisan ini mengkaji perbedaan persepsi antara penjaja makanan dan minuman di kantin sebuah perguruan tinggi swasta di Bandung dengan apa yang dirasakan oleh konsumen, yakni sebanyak 450 mahasiswa. Dari data yang terkumpul kemudian dilakukan analisis deskriptif untuk melihat gambaran persepsi tentang kondisi hygiene sanitasi saat itu dari dua sudut pandang yakni penjual dan pembeli. Analisis diskriptif dilakukan dengan menghitung  rata – rata jawaban responden dari setiap pernyataan dan selanjutnya disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan dinarasikan dengan mengacu pada kajian teori yang relevan.Dari pembahasan yang telah dilakukan, ditemukan temuan yang menarik terkait pengetahuan akan pengelolaan kebersihan pribadi dari para penjual makanan dan minuman yang ada di kantin tersebut. Hasil yang didapat bahwa pengetahuan mereka sudah cukup baik dan masih dapat ditingkatkan menjadi baik dan sangat baik dilihat dari adanya kondisi bahwa penjaja makanan di kantin tersebut sudah menyadari pentingnya arti kebersihan bagi mereka. Akan tetapi dimensi pengelolaan dapur yang berhubungan dengan fasilitas kantin dan bantuan dari pengelola kantin yaitu pihak universitas masih harus diperbaiki karena berada pada kategori rendah.
PERKEMBANGAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN HUKUM KELUARGA MUSLIM DI MESIR ( STUDI WASIAT WAJIBAH DI MESIR)
Authors: Tri Nugroho Ishak , Akbar Muhammad , Hanafi Suhri
Published: February 2021

The long history of reforming Islamic Family Law in the Muslim world began in the 20th century when Turkey became the first Muslim country to pioneer this reform. These reforms greatly influenced the reform of Islamic family law in Egypt and provided a more forward-looking color compared to what was previously done, the impetus for reform and reform of Islamic law in Egypt came from within the Islamic tradition itself and from outside the Islamic tradition. In addition to reforming family law in general, Egypt has also reformed the concept of inheritance law regarding wajibat for orphan grandchildren, which actually does not discuss this matter in classical books. Egypt regulates the issue of compulsory wills in the Egyptian Law, namely Law no. 71 of 1946 concerning inheritance, Egypt introduced a new concept in terms of inheritance for orphaned grandchildren who are usually considered as dzawil arham who are prevented from obtaining inheritance, so they are now entitled to inheritance by using the mandatory will. The concept of wills, mandatory, for inheritance for orphaned grandchildren does not exist in classical jurisprudence, and it appears that Egypt is trying to reform the law by inventing new laws or rechtsvinding, in order to find a solution to the inheritance problems that occur in Egypt.
UPAYA ASEAN DALAM MENGHADAPI SKEMA LIBERALISASI E-COMMERCE DI ASEAN-6 (2015 – 2017)
Authors: Rahman Miftah
Published: February 2021

This study discusses about digital era marked by the advancement of knowledge and innovation in the field of Technology, Information and Communication (ICT) which has provided major changes to all aspects of life, especially in economy. ASEAN as a regional cooperation in the Southeast Asia region, currently as an emerging market in e-commerce competition, especially for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam (ASEAN-6). Based on this phenomenon, my research question is, how are ASEAN-6's efforts in facing of e-commerce liberalization in the digital era in line with the ASEAN framework (AEC Blueprint 2015 & 2025, ASEAN ICT Masterplan and ASEAN Digital Integration). This research use the theory of trade liberalization, the concept of economic integration and the concept of digital economics to be able to examine the phenomenon of e-commerce liberalization in ASEAN-6. The various literature reviewed by the author shows that the growth of e-commerce is influenced by four factors, namely: 1) internet infrastructure; 2) electronic payment system; 3) shipping services that has a wide coverage; 4) government policy framework in each ASEAN-6 country. In addition, there are several obstacles found including: 1) the geographical location of each ASEAN-6 country that affects the process of developing the internet infrastructure; 2) issues of personal data protection and cyber security related to electronic payment systems; 3) effectiveness and efficiency of the existence of shipping services, especially shipping between countries; and 4) policy discrepancies between countries. This study concludes that as a regional organization in Southeast Asia, ASEAN continues to strive to harmonize regulations among member countries, form a framework of cooperation and other agendas to be able to harmonize the development of ICT, especially the growth of e-commerce. The fundamental difference from this study with previous studies is that there have been no studies that examine e-commerce liberalization in the ASEAN region, so the author tries to collaborate on several facts related to the growth of e-commerce liberalization in ASEAN-6 Keywords: ASEAN, e-commerce, digital economy, economic integration
Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution in the Kemerovo region
Authors: Kulikova E. Yu. , Sergeeva Ju. A.
Published: February 2021

One of the problems of functioning of coal industry enterprises is the formation of mine waters, which are discharged into water bodies and cause their dangerous pollution. The total volume of water pumped by the enterprise includes up to 15 % for the recycling cycle, the remaining 85% is discharged to surface water bodies. As a result, the ecological balance of coal regions is disturbed, their sanitary and hygienic state on the environment worsens, and the quality of coal is reduced due to the intake of polluted water for technological operations. The volume of mine water contamination increases during mining operations at deeper horizons and in difficult mining and hydrogeological conditions. In turn, this leads to pollution and depletion of underground aquifers and the formation of environmental risk factors. In Kuzbass, all these factors contribute to the development of water crisis, since the state of surface reservoirs has already reached a critical limit. Especially dangerous is the process of liquidation of mines. Closing mines and sections disrupt natural water flows, resulting in all water from the aquifers going to deeper horizons. More pollutants enter the water, which poison the underground hydrosphere of the regions. The paper analyzes the pollutants entering the underground and surface hydro grid at coal-fired plants and offers a Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution.
Safety of repeated use of deep-level openings in Norilsk mines
Authors: Luchko I. A. , Arzhatkina M. S. , Stelmakhov A. A.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses safe repeated use of deep-level openings in Norilsk mine for vegetable production and herb cultivation in special facilities. Farming on the field in the north and east of Russia either is restricted by a short warm period suitable for vegetation, or is impossible due to climate, while the glasshouse industry bears losses because of the power cost and other expenses. At the actual depth of mining in the Talnakh ore cluster, the mine air temperature may reach 40 Celsius degrees and higher, which offers comfortable condition for the implementation of R&D projects in biotechnologies. One the other hand, the ore bodies in the cluster are rockburst-hazardous, which means high probability of dynamic events with deformation and destruction of underground excavations. It is necessary to undertake the elaborated studies into geodynamic safety to select and validate installation sites for biotechnology objects. It is suggested to select deep-level installation sites for the production of vegetable crops AVK-15 with regard to the geodynamic zoning of the Norilsk ore cluster. Deeplevel vegetation production will become safe as a result, and new eco-friendly and adaptable technologies will be developed for the year-round cultivation of fresh vegetables and green at the low material inputs and power consumption per unit product.
Hydro-splitting of coal seams for their effective degassing preparation through underground wells
Authors: Slastunov S. V. , Ponizov A. V. , Sadov A. P. , Khautiev A. M.-B.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the complex technology of coal seam degassing based on its hydrodynamic treatment. The possible modes of implementation of the introduction of working fluid into the coal seam in the process of its injection through wells drilled from preparatory workings and specially sealed to a certain depth, which ensures minimization of breaks of working fluid into the mine. Studies have been carried out to optimize the main parameters of hydrodynamic effects. Rational values of the effective well length and injection volume are established. The expediency of achieving significant rates of injection of the working agent into the formation for the disclosure of natural systems of cracks in it is shown. The directions of increasing the efficiency of formation degassing are investigated. The effectiveness of the integrated reservoir degassing technology was evaluated based on the factors of increasing methane production from underground reservoir degassing wells drilled into the zone of influence of underground hydraulic fracturing wells, and the total methane removal over the entire period of reservoir degassing. The efficiency of improved technology of hydraulic fracturing in underground mining for factors reducing downtime pollution control equipment, gazoobilnosti stope and the productivity of coal mining in zones of intensive integrated reservoir degassing.
Type of crossing of coal waste dumps by geodynamical dangerous zones
Authors: Musina V. R. , Golovko I. V. , Shermatova S.
Published: February 2021

The paper develops the concept of the existence geodynamically dangerous zones in the earth’s crust. These zones affects to the safety of the state of engineering structures and mining operations. The concept of geodynamic zoning is used, according to which geodynamically dangerous zones occurs during the interaction of blocks of the earth’s crust of various hierarchical ranks. On the example of the East Donbass, the typification of the intersection of coal waste dumps with geodynamically dangerous zones is considered. The position of 34 burning and burnt out dumps located near the cities of Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov Region, their size R and the width of geodynamically dangerous zones r are taken in account. Based on the use of geodynamic zoning data, an analysis is made of the nature of the mutual arrangement of carbon rock dumps and the boundaries of blocks of the earth’s crust (geodynamically dangerous zones). It is found 4 types of intersection of the block boundaries and the body of the dumps. The intersection of the first type occurs when R> r and the location of the intersection site entirely under the dump. The intersection of the second type occurs when R <r and the location of the dump entirely in the geodynamically dangerous zone. The intersection of the third type occurs at any ratio of R and r, but the common area overlaps the geodynamically dangerous zone only partially (touch). In the fourth type of intersection, the set of common points R and r is empty (do not intersect). Typification can be used when choosing places for dumping and computer modeling of their thermal state.
Evaluation of the influence of aerodynamic aging of production on aerological risks on coal mines
Authors: Skopintseva O. V. , Balovtsev S. V.
Published: February 2021

The results of a study of the aerodynamic aging of mine workings are presented. It is established that the local workings located in the zone of active manifestation of rock pressure are most deformed. The average rate of increase in their resistance reaches 0.0112 N×s2 / m9×yr, and the degree of increase in their resistivities over 4-9 years of existence reaches 7-8 times. The rate of aging of the mine workings is much lower than that of the local workings, averaging 0.0014 N×s2/m9×year for the inclined workings on average over the entire period of their existence, and 0.0009 N×s2/m9×year for horizontal ones. The degree of increase in the resistivity of capital workings for 12-25 years of their existence reaches 3 times. The workings were ranked by relative aerological risk indicator Rac by aerodynamic aging factor. The calculations showed that the average value of the relative aerological risk indicator for the aerodynamic aging factor of the Rac mine workings for the local haul drifts was 0.541; for precinct ventilation drifts - 0.842; for capital inclined workings - 0.172; for capital horizontal workings - 0.101. When assessing the risk of gassing of workings, it is necessary to take into account data on the aerodynamic aging of mine workings.
Petrophysical Characterizations of Shale Gas Reservoirs of the Ranikot Formation in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Abe Kazunori , Zobby Nouman , Fujii Hikari
Published: February 2021

The complex pore structure with nano-pores of shale gas reservoirs has an impact on the hydrocarbon storage and transport systems. We examined the pore structure of the shales of the Ranikot Formation in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan to investigate the full scaled pore size distributions by using a combination of techniques, mercury injection capillary pressure analysis and low pressure gas adsorption methods using N2 and CO2. Isotherm curves obtained N2 and CO2 adsorptions were interpreted using density functional theory analysis for describing the nano-scaled pore size distributions. The pore geometry of the shales was estimated to be slit-type from the isotherm hysteresis loop shape. The pore size distributions determined the density functional theory showed the dominant pore size of below around 10 nm. The Micro-scale effects such as slippage and adsorption/desorption also significantly influence the gas flow in nano-pore structure. The gas flow regimes in shales are classified into four types Darcy flow, slip flow, transition flow, Knudsen flow based on the value of the Knudsen number. Applying the specific reservoir conditions in Ranikot shale and pore size distribution to the Knudsen number, the gas flow regimes of the Ranikot shales were estimated mostly within the transition and slip flow.
Descentralización de la oferta turística como estrategia de competitividad urbana. Programas de "Barrio" en la Ciudad de México y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
Authors:   CONICET (Argentina), Rodriguez Luciana Mabel
Published: February 2021

The article is a comparative study of a series of recent public policy instruments aimed at the devel‑ opment of tourism in the City of Mexico and Buenos Aires. The interest of the work lies in its revealing that al‑ though these two cities have different political orientations, the strategies and structures used are essentially similar, aimed at making tourism into a competitive resource for economic, social and cultural development, through its de‑centralisation in neighborhoods far from the traditional circuits, in order to augment the pos‑ sibilities for tourism on offer. It works from the growing business perspective of tourism as a local participatory process, of governance, and shoes how this model can be applied in very different places, allowing for possible intervention of local authorities in the re‑valorisation of their area as private promoters of tourism.
Tierra de propiedad social, turismo y expansión urbana en San José del Cabo, Baja California Sur (México).
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (México), Bojorquez Luque Jesús
Published: February 2021

The newly created sun and sand tourist resorts in Mexico, called Integrally Planned Centers (CIP) by the National Tourism Promotion Fund (FONATUR), were created in underdeveloped areas with exceptional landscape features, and with the presence of large estates (ejidos) that had parts expropriated to devote to the new developments. This activity attracted an influx of immigrant workers that produced enormous pressure on the land available for development. The aim of this piece of research is to analyse the contribution made by the San José estate toward the creation of the Los Cabos CIP, as well as to the expan‐ sion of the city of the same name. The methodology used was of a qualitative nature, based on the evaluation of documentary research through consultations to the Diario Oficial de la Federación, the archives of the Registro Nacional Agrario and local press.
Los imaginarios de los actores sociales del Pueblo Mágico de Ixtapan de la Sal, México
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (México), Díaz Castañeda Alejandra , Osorio García Maribel ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (México)
Published: February 2021

The symbolic production of a tourist place implies that the space has been appropriated and inter‑ vened upon by political and economic agents to project images and signs that contribute to the reproduction of social groups, but transforming the social relations and experiences of the place both for those who con‑ sume it and for those who live there at least on a daily basis. Hence it is important to analyse and compare the subjective spatial world visions of the different social agents intervening in tourism. To this end, we have used postmodernity as defined by Harvey (1990), the categories of place and non‑place of Augé (1992) and the “between‑place” of tourism as defined by Castrogiovanni (2007) to understand the symbolic fragmentation of place for the residents as contrasted with the experiences of the tourists.
Limbos arqueológicos: una invitación al universo de los sitios extraoficiales en México
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma (México), González-Robles Víctor
Published: February 2021

In Mexico, there are 194 archaeological zones open to the public under the custody of the National Institute for Anthropology and History. However, there are also many other sites that operate outside the federal management model and the current legal framework. These are called “limbos” here and are clas‑ sified by who administers them and the land ownership regime. Through the review of three cases spread over Mexico, a first approximation of their key problems and shared dynamics is offered that factors in legal, bureaucratic and socioeconomic aspects that underlie the unauthorized use of archaeological heritage. It is concluded that they are “in limbo “mainly due to ambiguities in the legislation and loopholes that have been exploited by stakeholders to allow them to use of these ruins as a tourist attraction.
The effect of Sn-doping on optical, electrical and morphological properties of spray-pyrolysed ZnO films
Authors: Escala Alves Andrey , Paes Junior Herval Ramos
Published: February 2021

The present work has investigated the effects of tin doping on morphological and optical-electrical properties of zinc oxide films produced by spray-pyrolysis technique. The films exhibited droplet impact marks along the surface. Top-view micrographs disclosed black clusters of non-decomposed salts after tin doing. These morphological aspects have not compromised optical performance although they may have contributed to the rise in electrical resistivity due to charge scattering on the surface. Electrical conductivity was lowered as tin-doping concentration increased. Tin ions occupied interstitial sites in the host matrix and acted as conventional defects. The film transmittance at 550 nm was not significantly affected by tin doping, yet a slight loss in transparency was observed after 1 at. % Sn doping. Optical bandgap was reduced from 3.25 to 3.16 eV due to deep states when doping with 1 at. % Sn. The optical bandgap widened to 3.23 eV with incorporation of 2 at. % Sn. This behaviour is attributed to the Burstein-Moss effect.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA ECUACIÓN GENERAL DEL USBR PARA EL DISEÑO DE ALIVIADEROS TIPO CREAGER DE DESCARGA LIBRE
Authors: Vásquez Acosta, Bach. Jorge Junior , Vasquez Sanchez, Ing. Andy Yamely , Piedra Tineo, Mg. Jose Luis , Arriola Carrasco, Ing. Guillermo Gustavo
Published: February 2021

En la actualidad el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías para el diseño de aliviaderos tipo Craeger ha llevado a implementar modelos numéricos y físicos que permiten analizar la diversidad de formulaciones existentes y pues en ese sentido la presente investigación tiene por objetivo evaluar la ecuación general del United States Bureau Reclamation para el diseño de aliviaderos tipo Creager de descarga libre, escogiéndose como escenario de investigación el tramo de descarga del reservorio Tinajones en las inmediaciones del canal Taymi. La metodología de investigación fue del tipo cuantitativa y de diseño experimental, además fue necesario realizar mediciones de las estructuras hidráulicas existentes en la zona de estudio y se elaboró un registro de aforo del caudal en épocas de estiaje y de máximas avenidas. Los resultados que previamente fueron procesados en un modelamiento unidimensional indican que de las dos secciones propuestas para el diseño del aliviadero tipo Creager la que mejor comportamiento hidráulico desarrolla es la de sección rectangular respecto a una sección trapezoidal y también se concluye que las condiciones de diseño hidráulico se simplifican enormemente para la sección de óptimo desempeño.
GOBIERNO ELECTRÓNICO Y TRANSPARENCIA EN LA MUNICIPALIDAD DISTRITAL DE LA VICTORIA
Authors: Silva Morales, Egresada Deisy Otilia , Heredia Llatas, Mg. Flor Delicia
Published: February 2021

El gobierno electrónico tiene un impacto positivo ante la sociedad y los servidores públicos; sin embargo, el desconocimiento de la normativa de la ley de transparencia y acceso a la información pública genera una brecha entre el ciudadano y el estado ante su rol dinámico que este debe cumplir en la sociedad. Es por ello, que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer el vínculo directo entre gobierno electrónico y transparencia en la municipalidad distrital de La Victoria, 2020.La presente investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con un esquema de tipo no experimental, de corte transeccional y de diseño descriptivo correlacional; empleando la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario; el cual fue aplicado a 35 colaboradores, alcanzandouna valoración de muy bueno al 69% para la variable gobierno electrónico, y una valoración de bueno y muy bueno al 63% para la variable transparencia.La correlación de ambas variables es positiva media de 0.542 y significativa al nivel 0,01. Finalmente, se determinó que existe vínculo directo entre gobierno electrónico, la ley de transparencia y acceso a la información pública y el portal institucional.
Tidal Behavior and Water-Level Changes in Gravel Aquifers in Response to Multiple Earthquakes: A Case Study From New Zealand
Authors: Weaver KC , Doan ML , Cox SC , Townend John , Holden C
Published: February 2021

©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Earthquakes have been inferred to induce hydrological changes in aquifers on the basis of either changes to well water-levels or tidal behavior, but the relationship between these changes remains unclear. Here, changes in tidal behavior and water-levels are quantified using a hydrological network monitoring gravel aquifers in Canterbury, New Zealand, in response to nine earthquakes (of magnitudes M w 5.4 to 7.8) that occurred between 2008 and 2015. Of the 161 wells analyzed, only 35 contain water-level fluctuations associated with “Earth + Ocean” (7) or “Ocean” (28) tides. Permeability reduction manifest as changes in tidal behavior and increased water-levels in the near field of the Canterbury earthquake sequence of 2010–2011 support the hypothesis of shear-induced consolidation. However, tidal behavior and water-level changes rarely occurred simultaneously (~2%). Water-level changes that occurred with no change in tidal behavior reequilibrated at a new postseismic level more quickly (on timescales of ~50 min) than when a change in tidal behavior occurred (~240 min to 10 days). Water-level changes were more than likely to occur above a peak dynamic stress of ~50 kPa and were more than likely to not occur below ~10 kPa. The minimum peak dynamic stress required for a tidal behavior change to occur was ~0.2 to 100 kPa.
Fault Zone Guided Wave generation on the locked, late interseismic Alpine Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Eccles JD , Gulley AK , Malin PE , Boese CM , Townend John , Sutherland Rupert
Published: February 2021

© 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Fault Zone Guided Waves (FZGWs) have been observed for the first time within New Zealand's transpressional continental plate boundary, the Alpine Fault, which is late in its typical seismic cycle. Ongoing study of these phases provides the opportunity to monitor interseismic conditions in the fault zone. Distinctive dispersive seismic codas (~7-35Hz) have been recorded on shallow borehole seismometers installed within 20m of the principal slip zone. Near the central Alpine Fault, known for low background seismicity, FZGW-generating microseismic events are located beyond the catchment-scale partitioning of the fault indicating lateral connectivity of the low-velocity zone immediately below the near-surface segmentation. Initial modeling of the low-velocity zone indicates a waveguide width of 60-200m with a 10-40% reduction in S wave velocity, similar to that inferred for the fault core of other mature plate boundary faults such as the San Andreas and North Anatolian Faults.
Tectonic tremor and deep slow slip on the Alpine Fault
Authors: Wech A , Boese C , Stern Timothy , Townend John
Published: February 2021

Tectonic tremor is characterized by persistent, low-frequency seismic energy seen at major plate boundaries. Although predominantly associated with subduction zones, tremor also occurs along the deep extension of the strike-slip San Andreas Fault. Here we present the first observations of tectonic tremor along New Zealand's Alpine Fault, a major transform boundary that is late in its earthquake cycle. We report tectonic tremor that occurred on the central section of the Alpine Fault on 12days between March 2009 and October 2011. Tremor hypocenters concentrate in the lower crust at the downdip projection of the Alpine Fault; coincide with a zone of high P-wave attenuation (low Q p) and bright seismic reflections; occur in the 25-45km depth range, below the seismogenic zone; and may define the deep plate boundary structure extending through the lower crust and into the upper mantle. We infer this tremor to represent slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault in a fluid-rich region marked by high attenuation and reflectivity. These observations provide the first indication of present-day displacement on the lower crustal portion of the Australia-Pacific transform plate boundary. © Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.
Slow slip on the northern Hikurangi subduction interface, New Zealand
Authors: Douglas A , Beavan J , Wallace L , Townend John
Published: February 2021

In October 2002, a surface displacement episode of 20-30 mm magnitude was observed over a ∼10 day period on two continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments near Gisborne, North Island, New Zealand. We interpret this to result from slow slip on the northern Hikurangi subduction interface. Using ten years of regional campaign GPS (1995-2004) and recent continuous GPS data, we estimate the recurrence interval for similar events to be 2-3 yrs. In November 2004, a similar slow slip event occurred within this recurrence period. The 2002 event can be modeled by ∼18 cm of slow slip near the down-dip end of the seismogenic zone on the subduction interface offshore of Gisborne. The campaign GPS data show that the 2002 slow slip event had little effect on regional strain patterns. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
Regional tectonic stress near the San Andreas fault in central and southern California
Authors: Townend John , Zoback M
Published: February 2021

Throughout central and southern California, a uniform NNE-SSW direction of maximum horizontal compressive stress is observed that is remarkably consistent with the superposition of stresses arising from lateral variations in lithospheric buoyancy in the western United States, and farfield Pacific-North America plate interaction. In central California, the axis of maximum horizontal compressive stress lies at a high angle to the San Andreas fault (SAF). Despite relatively few observations near (±10 km) the fault, observations in the greater San Francisco Bay area indicate an angle of as much as 85°, implying extremely low fault strength. In southern California, observations of stress orientations near the SAF are rotated slightly counter-clockwise with respect to the regional field. Nevertheless, we observe an approximately constant angle between the SAF and the maximum horizontal stress direction of 68 ± 7° along ∼400 km of the fault, indicating that the SAF has moderately low frictional strength in southern California. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.
STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF LEXEME “TORTMOQ” IN OLD UZBEK LITERARY LANGUAGE DURING ALISHER NAVAI PERIOD
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature of Uzbekistan, Dadaboyev Khamidulla
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the semantic structure of the common Turkic word “tortmoq” “pull, drag” on the example of factual materials recorded in the ancient Turkic, Old Turkic and Old Uzbek written monuments. The analysis showed that intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors, the possibilities of the Uzbek language in the process of expressing the meaning of this vocabulary, as well as the mastery of word usage by one author or another, played a certain role in the formation and development of the semantic scale of the lexeme. The conclusions can be used in enriching the point of view regarding semasiology, in improving the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language.Keywords: semantic structure, sema, core meaning, old Uzbek literary language, ambiguity, modern Uzbek literary language, synonymous nest, syntagmatic relationship
Cuidados de los pacientes sometidos a una cirugía de revascularización miocárdica
Authors: Cortez Zambrano Carlos Romell , Palma Zambrano Génesis Adriana , Steinzappir Navia Mendel Arnaldo , Salazar Alcivar Cristhian David , Delgado Cañizares Diana Patricia , Mendoza Loor Jonathan Isaías
Published: February 2021

La cirugía de revascularización miocárdica tiene como objetivo servir de tratamiento para aquellos pacientes con obstrucciones o vasos dañados coronarios que provocan un déficit de flujo de sangre causando sufrimiento del órgano. Consiste en realizar injertos de arterias o venas del propio paciente, sobre las arterias coronarias. Por lo general, es una intervención que implica una esternotomía y el uso de la máquina de Circulación Extracorporea (CEC), aunque actualmente se han perfeccionado técnicas mínimamente invasivas, que garantizan iguales y hasta mejores resultados. La elección de la técnica dependerá en gran medida del caso individual a tratar. Según la OMS, la mortalidad de las cirugías coronarias a nivel mundial es de 3-5%. Esto supone un buen indicio en esta rama quirúrgica, considerando que la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica se ha ido perfeccionando a lo largo del tiempo, así como los equipos de CEC. Sin embargo, la morbilidad postoperatoria, la estancia hospitalaria y la muerte tardía han sido los resultados de estudios que buscan factores de riesgos que permitan reducir su morbimortalidad a través de la mejor intervención posible. Por lo tanto, el presente artículo presenta los cuidados estandarizados en pacientes que se han sometido a una revascularización miocárdica, para que este no sólo logre un exitoso postoperatorio, sino para que pueda obtener cantidad y calidad de vida.