bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field Notes for Amateurs
Authors: Nolas Sevasti-Melissa , Varvantakis Christos
Published: October 2019

In this article we develop the idea of ethnography as a practice of desire lines. Lines of desire are pedestrian footpaths that are at once amateurish and playful, and that deviate from the grids and schemes of urban planners. We argue that ethnography has always been so at the same time as also being highly professionalized. The article explores these tensions between desire lines and professionalization as they became evident to us during a funded, international multi-modal ethnographic study with children—a study, we argue, that rendered us childlike. We conclude that being childlike and ‘out of line’ is an appropriate and necessary response for knowledge creation at a time of heightened professionalization in the academy.
The LIBRA Index in Relation to Cognitive Function, Functional Independence, and Psycho-Behavioral Symptoms in a Sample of Non-Institutionalized Seniors at Risk of Dementia
Authors: Franchini Flaminia , Musicco Massimo , Ratto Federica , Storti Gabriele , Shofany Jacob , Caltagirone Carlo , Di Santo Simona Gabriella
Published: October 2019

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease is the principal cause of dementia and is determined, in at least one third cases, by modifiable risk factors (MRF). The “Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA)” index was recently developed to quantify the individual risk of progression to dementia ascribable to MRF.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LIBRA scores and markers of cognitive performance, functional independence, and psycho-behavioral symptoms in a community-based sample of Italian elders.

Methods:

308 senior participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD) were evaluated with a complete neuropsychological battery and semi-structured interviews for the assessment of depression, apathy, and functional autonomy. All the 12 LIBRA MRF were available for the calculation of LIBRA scores. A modified version of the index (LIBRA-2) was calculated by removing depression weight from the LIBRA index. Partial correlation analyses, controlling for age and education, assessed the association between LIBRA indices and cognitive, functional, and behavioral outcomes. Separate analyses were repeated in the MCI and SCD subgroups.

Results:

In participants with SCD (SCDp), significant correlations existed between LIBRA and markers of impairment in global cognition, visuo-spatial attention, and semantic fluency. LIBRA-2 associated with psycho-behavioral symptoms in the whole sample and in SCDp. LIBRA-2 only associated with apathy in the MCI subgroup.

Conclusions:

The LIBRA index might be useful to determine the lifestyle-attributable risk of cognitive and psycho-behavioral decline in Italian seniors at risk, while in those with overt cognitive impairment, these outcomes are presumably mainly associated with non-modifiable factors.
APOE Genotype Differentially Modulates Plasma Lipids in Healthy Older Individuals, with Relevance to Brain Health
Authors: Wong Matthew Wai Kin , Braidy Nady , Crawford John , Pickford Russell , Song Fei , Mather Karen A. , Attia John , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder , Poljak Anne
Published: October 2019

Apolipoprotein E ( APOE) genotype is an established genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the extent to which APOE genotype influences the plasma lipidome is unknown, even though lipids are potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for AD. We quantified plasma lipids using untargeted liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry in a total of 152 non-demented participants aged 65–100 years carrying at least one ɛ2 or ɛ4 allele ( ɛ2/ ɛ2 or ɛ2/ ɛ3, n = 38: ɛ4/ ɛ3 or ɛ4/ ɛ4, n = 38), who were roughly matched to an ɛ3/ ɛ3 control by age, sex, and lipid-lowering medication ( n = 76). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were genotype dependent ( ɛ4/ ɛ4> ɛ4/ ɛ3> ɛ3/ ɛ3> ɛ2/ ɛ3> ɛ2/ ɛ2). The greatest variation in lipids was related to the ɛ2 isoform, where various lysophosphatidylcholines and all phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) subclasses were elevated relative to ɛ3/ ɛ3 and ɛ4 carriers. APOE ɛ4 carriers had reduced phosphatidylinositol relative to ɛ3/ ɛ3 and ɛ2 carriers. Logistic regression revealed that ɛ2 carriers were at least 4 times higher odds of being in the highest tertile of PE lipid level relative to ɛ3/ ɛ3. The elevation in PE and other phospholipids in ɛ2 carriers may indicate the protective effect of ɛ2 is linked to these phospholipids. Additionally, high baseline PE in cognitively normal participants predicted protection against cognitive decline six years later. Our data suggest substantial modulation of plasma lipids by APOE genotype and therefore indicates possible lipid targets and pathomechanisms involved in AD risk.
A Curcumin Analog Reduces Levels of the Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Amyloid-β Protein by Modulating AβPP Processing and Autophagy
Authors: Wan Yu , Liang Yingxia , Liang Feng , Shen Nolan , Shinozuka Kenneth , Yu Jin-Tai , Ran Chongzhao , Quan Qimin , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Zhang Can
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with no cure currently available. A pathological hallmark of AD is accumulation and deposition of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), a ∼4 kDa peptide generated through serial cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) by β- and γ-secretases. Curcumin is a natural compound primarily found in the widely used culinary spice, turmeric, which displays therapeutic potential for AD. Recently, we reported the development of curcumin analogs and identified a lead compound, curcumin-like compound-R17 (CLC-R17), that significantly attenuates Aβ deposition in an AD transgenic mouse model. Here, we elucidated the mechanisms of this analog on Aβ levels and AβPP processing using cell models of AD. Using biochemical methods and our recently developed nanoplasmonic fiber tip probe technology, we showed that the lead compound potently lowers Aβ levels in conditioned media and reduces oligomeric amyloid levels in the cells. Furthermore, like curcumin, the lead compound attenuates the maturation of AβPP in the secretory pathway. Interestingly, it upregulated α-secretase processing of AβPP and inhibited β-secretase processing of AβPP by decreasing BACE1 protein levels. Collectively, our data reveal mechanisms of a promising curcumin analog in reducing Aβ levels, which strongly support its development as a potential therapeutic for AD.
Appeal of the conference participants
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: October 2019

Appeal of the conference participants
Accelerated Shelf Life Test (Aslt) Method with Arrhenius Approach for Shelf Life Estimation of Sugar Palm Fruit Jam With Addition of Asian Melastome (Melastoma malabathricum, l.) on Jar Packaging and Pouch
Authors: Anggraini Anna , Sayuti Kesuma , Yenrina Rina
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Base on previous studies showing that sugar palm fruit can be made as jam with the addition of Asian melastome fruit as a natural coloring. This sugar palm fruit jam product is packaged with jar and pouch packaging. shelf Life information for this product is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of change in quality, critical parameters, and estimate the shelf life of sugar palm fruit jam with Arrhenius Model which is simulated at three storage temperature conditions (28⁰C, 38⁰C, and 48⁰C). Parameters observed during the storage process are water content, water activity (aw), pH, color (L), anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity (IC50). The results showed that the smallest activation energy value was used to determine product shelf life, it is color parameters (L) (first order reaction) with linear regression y = -4715.x + 9,787 on jar bottle packaging and y = -2021.x + 1,387 on packaging pouch. The age of storing sugar palm fruit jam with jar bottles is 93 days at 28⁰C and on the packaging pouch for 40 days at 28⁰C.
Pellet Formulation of Trichoderma Isolated from Aceh with Potential for Biocontrol of Phytophthora Sp. on Cacao Sedlings
Authors: Sriwati Rina , Chamzhurni Tjut , Alfizar Alfizar , Soekarno Bonny PW , Maulidia Vina , Sahputra Irza
Published: October 2019

Molleculler study was conducted to identify several species of Trichoderma isolate from several  plant (Pine, Cacao, Gliceria, Nutmeg, Bamboo, Coffee, Potato).  The growth of eight species Trichodermaafter pelleting formulation has been observed. Pellet Trichoderma harzianum have good ability to growth on PDA medium after 4 weeks storage. Base on their mycelium diameter growth on PDA, T. harzianum have selected as potential species on pellet formulation growth.  Several dose of pellet formulation have been applied for controlling Phythopthora disease. The application of T. harzianum pellets in the form of a 2 g / 100 ml (S1) suspension effective in inhibiting the development of Phytophthora sp in cacao seedlings, when the higher concentrations of T. harzianum pellets applied to cacao seeds,the disease severity increase. Pellet Trichoderma could be use as biological control agent of cacao seedling in certain dosage.
The Effect of Biofertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer Toward The Nutrient Uptake in Maize Plant (Zea mays l.)
Authors: Sondang Yun , Anty Khazy , Siregar Ramond
Published: October 2019

The productivity of land and plants have decreased slowly, due to the use of inorganic fertilizers continuously. Efforts to improve productivity are reducing inorganic fertilizers and returning organic matter to the soil. The aim of this research are (1) to identify the chemical characteristics of biofertilizer with an indigenous microorganism as bioactivators and (2) to study the effect of biofertilizer on nutrient uptake of maize plant. The research was conducted at Laboratory, Greenhouse, and Experimental Field of Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh, West Sumatra Indonesia. The first step experiment in the Laboratory was produced indigenous microorganism from banana humps. The second step of making bio-fertilizers in Greenhouse used a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments of indigenous microorganism (IMO) level 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% in biofertilizer with five replications. The third step of biofertilizer application on the Experimental Field used Randomized Block Design Factorial arranged with two factors and three replications, the first factor IMO level in biofertilizer (M) 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and the second factor was the dosage of inorganic fertilizer (P) 0%, 50%, 100% of the recommended dosage, 12 combinations of treatments were obtained. Results showed that microbe consortium (Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma asperellum) in biofertilizers with different levels would affect the chemical characteristics of biofertilizer. Biofertilizers influences nutrient uptake of P and K maize plant, while inorganic fertilizer influences nutrient uptake of N and P maize plant.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ПОБУДОВИ ПРОГНОЗІВ ВИРОБНИЧО-ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Дегтярьова О. В.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. For many decades, forecasting has been a debating issue, explained by the economic-historical context that defines the organizational and economic mechanism of forecasting. The purpose of the article is to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for making forecasts of production and economic activity of enterprises and to evaluate its effectiveness. The subject of the research is the organizational and economic mechanism for the construction of prognosis of industrial enterprises. The working hypothesis of the research includes the idea that the requirements for creating an organizational and economic mechanism of the economic system are the same as for creating an information system. The methods used in the research are abstraction and extrapolation. The classification of information systems requirements proposed by Karl Wiggers is considered in the research processes. Statment main material. Today, forecasting is an integral part of the workflows that take place at the enterprise and these processes are implemented through certain organizational and economic mechanisms. The article considers the concept of organizational and economic mechanism of forecasting production and economic activity of enterprises. Recent publications in this scientific field of knowledge have been analyzed. Originality and practical significance of the research. For the first time, the author proposed, based on the hypothesis that the economic system is primarily an information system, to use the system requirements for information systems developed by Wiegers K. Moreover, the author developed and defined the requirements for the economic system, taking into account the organizational and economic management mechanism, described within the system. requirements of the prediction system function. The conclusion of the research is the need to build such an information system that would take into account all the described functions of the organizational and economic mechanism of forecasting. The prospect of further research is to study the best methods, building forecasting, taking into account the cyclical nature of the economy.
МЕХАНІЗМИ БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА : МОЖЛИВОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ
Authors: Ліхоносова Г. С. , Нецвітаєва О. І.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. The article presents the author's opinion on the possibilities of using the mechanisms of budgeting the activity of the enterprise as tools of financial security management. The liberalization of financial relations and the free cross-border movement of capital led to the intensification of internal and external shocks on the development of economic entities. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of the budgeting system as a tool for managing the financial security of an enterprise, in order to form a holistic view of budgeting as an economic category. The object of the study is the process of budgeting the activity of the enterprise, its organizational and economic capabilities and tools for managing the financial security of the enterprise. Methods used of the research: systematic approach, method of generalization, comparison, logical-meaningful method, monographic method, methods of induction and deduction, etc. The main hypothesis is that the financial stability of a functioning enterprise depends on the economic policy option, which is formed by the structure of the budgeting instruments of the enterprise. Presenting main material. The reasons for using this tool at the enterprise are revealed. The efficiency of the use of budgeting in the management of financial security of the enterprise is shown. Budgeting makes it possible to increase the financial soundness of management decisions and the effectiveness of information support of enterprise management; to differentiate between the leaders of different levels of the organizational hierarchy for results and to make a positive impact on their motivation; to agree on the different lines of activity of the units and the work of the enterprise as a whole on the basis of a single coordinated budget; improve current budgets by matching planned and actual indicators with results; to predict volumes of material and financial flows, cost structure. The originality and practical significance of the research. The basis of the mechanism of ensuring the financial security of the enterprise is a systematic combination of certain tools, methods, levers and information and analytical support, created on the basis of the principles of financial security, which objectively exist as economic laws, as well as produced by entities of financial security management of the enterprise to achieve and protecting the latter's financial interests. Conclusions of the research. The introduction of the entity's budgeting system enables the planning of financial and economic activities with the expectation of achieving a specific financial result and financial targets. Thus, budgeting is an effective tool for managing the financial security of an enterprise and acts as one of the main processes in the financial planning system.
ОЦІНКА РИЗИКІВ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Костирко Л. А. , Соломатіна Т. В.
Published: October 2019

Formulation of the problem. Based on the research of the problems of the agrarian sector, the methodical approach to risk assessment in the development of financial policy of agrarian enterprises and the main measures to minimize risks are substantiated. The purpose of the article - is to develop and adapt scientific and methodological provisions on risk assessment in the formation of financial policy of agrarian enterprises. The object of the study is financial policy resource provision of agrarian enterprises. Methods used in the research: logical-meaningful, methods of scientific knowledge, induction, analysis, mathematical modeling. The hypothesis of research: the existence of a relationship between risk, financial policy and the performance of agrarian enterprises. The statement of basic materials: on the basis of approbation of the proposed methodical approach to the assessment of the risks of agrarian enterprises activity, indicators of planned marginal income are calculated taking into account losses from the risks of agrarian enterprises of the Lugansk region. Originality and practical significance of the research has the proposed scientific and methodical approach to the comprehensive assessment of the impact of risk on the efficiency of agrarian enterprises, the implementation of which allows identifying risks, to plan the probability of profitability of enterprises and to choose the financial policy. Conclusions of research: implementation of the proposed simulation modeling technique allows assessing the level of threats to the risk factors of agrarian enterprises, which are predictable, difficult to manage and develop measures to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of financial policy.
ЕКОЛОГІЧНИЙ МОНІТОРИНГ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ БЕЗПРОВІДНИХ СЕНСОРНИХ МЕРЕЖ: РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ТА ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТИ
Authors: Соколов Дмитро Дмитрович , Мерлак Вікторія Юріївна , Орєхов Олександр Олександрович , Плахтеев Анатолій Павлович
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the development of a monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks. The purpose of the article is to implement a system for environmental monitoring using wireless sensor networks, as well as its application in an apiary. Wireless sensor networks and their participation in environmental monitoring were investigated, and the interaction of a wireless network and data transfer protocols were described. The monitoring system was reviewed and analyzed, as well as systems in which monitoring is already applied. An experiment was conducted in which it was checked at what maximum distance the temperature and humidity parameters can be transmitted, the experiment was conducted with obstacles and without obstruction. Routing algorithms were examined how they work and how parameters (temperature and humidity) are transferred from sensors to the server. A prototype of a ground-based monitoring system for environmental monitoring was developed based on the wireless technology of building Zigbee sensor networks, taking into account the fact that new nodes can be added to this network or completely replaced. It was also found a solution to how to apply a wireless network in such an area as beekeeping. A mesh topology was selected and the physical devices that are the nodes of the network are separated. Nodes were also designed using as the base station for Arduino sensors and as ZigBee database modules from Digi called XBee. A study of these nodes on the noise immunity and stability of data transmission using sensors of flame, smoke, and temperature with humidity. The study revealed that XBee nodes are very unstable working next to Wi-Fi routers and in case of interference in the form of a forest. A statement of the problem was formed, which showed the relevance of the given system, why it is needed, who will be able to apply it, and also what the system contains and how it works. The functions that the program performs are listed. The conclusion is formulated on the result of the experiment, as well as how the system can be further upgraded, what can be added and what parameters can still be observed.
大型水利工程中土方施工技术探究
Authors: 嵇 华东
Published: October 2019

当前经济的发展态势稳定趋于向前,民生建设的发展程度也需要更加深化,推进民生基础建设既要求国家加大投资力度,也要求着水电利施工单位、企业本着诚信的态度去推进工作。水利工程关乎民生,对于农业用水和城市居民用水都有着巨大作用,大型水利工程建设工作的推进标志着我们国家的对施工作业过程提出了更高的要求。土方施工技术作为兴修水利工程中的基础步骤,对整个工程的初期架构起着决定性作用,本文就水利工程中的土方施工技术为着重点,论述长远的土方施工技术发展。
超高压电网继电保护及故障信息系统的研究
Authors: 潘 飞
Published: October 2019

本篇文章首先对故障系统总体设计要求进行阐述,从主站功能、子站功能两个方面,对故障信息系统功能设计要点进行解析,并以此为依据,提出继电保护与故障信息软件开发对策。
水利工程建设对生态环境的影响及优化措施
Authors: 肖 龙梅
Published: October 2019

在现代化社会的发展中,水资源短缺问题日益严重,这就需要政府部门加大水利工程建设力度。现阶段,社会各界对水资源的需求量日益增加,水利工程建设对生态环境带来了很大影响,相关部门需要深入分析水利工程建设对生态环境带来的影响,并针对这些问题制定相应的优化措施,为人民群众的日常生活提供支持[1]。文章主要对水利工程建设对生态环境的影响及优化措施进行了研究,希望能够改善生态环境问题,推动社会经济的发展。
吉林某水电站施工导流设计
Authors: 高 乃东 , 宁 鹏飞 , 朱 小双
Published: October 2019

恒如电站位于吉林省通化县江甸镇金珠村附近浑江干流上,该电站为河床式电站。电站总装机8.75MW,多年平均发电量2808×104kWh,年利用小时3209h。整个枢纽由拦河闸、电站厂房及引水渠、尾水渠构成。考虑工程尽早发挥效益,及工程结构特点,拦河闸采用分两期导流方式,电站厂房不分期一次截流。
水利工程中农田灌溉防渗渠道衬砌施工技术
Authors: 刘 丽
Published: October 2019

农田水利工程是在耕种期间较为重要的环节,适当的灌溉水源补给可以使农作物更加茁壮的生长,但需要注重水渠中水源渗漏的问题,发生渗漏会使灌溉水源供应不足,从而使渠道丧失应有的作用,本文通过大量的分析,针对防渗渠道衬砌施工技术展开了详细的探讨。
浅谈水文站工程建设管理工作
Authors: 刘 持恒
Published: October 2019

根据长期水文建设管理工作,针对建设管理中的突出问题加以分析,对部分问题总结出水文站建设工作的一套方式方法,目前自己做过的项目主要包括2011-2012中小河流水文监测系统建设、2012-2013康定水文巡测基地建设、芦山“4.20”灾后恢复重建工作,本文主要叙述了水文站建设管理工作,望不足之处请大家指正。
水利工程泵站电动机主保护配置探究
Authors: 孟 文福
Published: October 2019

文章从水利工程泵站电动机的结构特点开始说起,分析泵站电动机存在的安全问题,并有针对的提出合理的解决措施,以促进泵站电动机的正常运转,确保相关工作的有序进行。
水利工程泵站机电设备故障诊断方法分析
Authors: 吴 本华
Published: October 2019

在新形势背景下,工业发展进程不断加快,水利事业也成为社会各界关注的焦点。由此,加强水利工程建设具有实际意义。水利工程泵站机电设备能够为工程的正常运转提供充足的动力。但泵站机电设备在使用过程不可避免的会出现各种各样的故障,制约了水利工程发挥优势效能。基于此,本文简要分析了水利工程泵站机电设备的故障诱因,并提出了切实可行的故障诊断方法。
水利施工中混凝土产生裂缝的主要原因及防治技术
Authors: 郭 士超
Published: October 2019

在水利工程建设过程中混凝土裂缝问题是昀常见的病害,混凝土出现裂缝很容易影响到水利工程的承载性能,严重影响到工程的使用寿命。所以,在水利工程建设过程中,要通过科学的技术手段及时预防各类裂缝问题。基于此,本文对水利施工中混凝土裂缝产生原因作出简要分析,同时提出了裂缝防治技术,希望为相关人员提供一定的参考。
节水灌溉水利工程施工技术
Authors: 郑 学云
Published: October 2019

随着我们国家近年来大力倡导基础农业发展以及现阶段水资源的逐渐匮乏,农业及其他行业的节水灌溉水利工程施工技术得到人们越来越广泛的重视。工业革命以来,灌溉技术已经发生了很大的变化,新型的节水灌溉技术相对于旧式的灌溉技术在节水方面做得更好,所以现代节水灌溉水利工程施工技术的出现是科技发展、社会进步的必然。现阶段世界范围内都倡导节约水资源,人们节约水资源的意识也越来越强,这也带动了节水灌溉水利工程施工技术的进步,并且现在也取得了不错的成绩和效果。这篇文章简述了节水灌溉水利工程施工技术,并介绍了几种基本的节水灌溉技术,强调了节水工程施工过程中的要点,希望可以给同行的相关研究做出贡献。
机电设备安装的隐患及解决对策
Authors: 王 军
Published: October 2019

在应用机电一体化技术的过程中,机电设备的运行状态会受到安装质量的直接影响,所以机电设备的安装十分重要。近年来,很多企业越来越重视机电设备的安装工作。本文对机电安装的概述、机电设备安装隐患以及相关的解决对策进行分析。
叶巴滩水电站拱坝封拱温度方案设计
Authors: 高 红涛 , 代 辉
Published: October 2019

叶巴滩拱坝高217m,混凝土量达231万m3,且叶巴滩电站位置海拔较高,坝顶高程2894m,当地年平均气温9.2℃,1-2月月平均气温接近0℃,极端低温达-23.5℃。因此叶巴滩的大坝混凝土温控设计是拱坝成败的核心,利用工程水文边界条件,根据规范计算方法,拟定相应的水库水温、上下游坝面温度及水温边界条件,分析得到正常蓄水位时拱冠梁坝段的稳定(准稳定)温度场,运用拱坝结构静力复核不同工况下不同方案的拱坝封拱温度,综合对比确定叶巴滩拱坝的温控方案。
提高无人值守水电厂的运行可靠性分析与研究
Authors: 段 华兵
Published: October 2019

在当前的经济发展中,对于电供应的要求越来越高,相关电源提供企业的压力越来越巨大,这迫使相关企业在投入的很大的成本在电力生茶技术的开发和创新过程中,本文就水电厂无人值守的可靠性展开分析,探究该技术的优劣势以及存在的问题。
探析引用黄河水灌溉存在的问题及节水灌溉措施
Authors: 徐 亚鲁
Published: October 2019

黄河是我国的第二大河,黄河流域附近农作物大都靠黄河水进行灌溉,但近年来,黄河水被过度开发和施工,水量持续减少,甚至在部分流域出现了断流现象,对农作物的灌溉造成了严重影响。基于此,本文以临清市灌溉现状为切入点,分析目前引用黄河水灌溉存在的问题,并提出节水灌溉的措施,希望对提升黄河水灌溉效率有一定帮助。
电力工程高压输电线路的施工管理及质量控制研究
Authors: 王 锟
Published: October 2019

在当今我国电力行业的不断发展之中,电力系统的运行越来越发挥出重要的作用。对于电力系统的正常稳定运行而言,高压输电线路的施工以及运行情况都起到关键性的作用。同时,高压输电线路的施工质量也与国家和人民生命财产安全之间有着紧密的联系。为了让人们生产生活之中对于电力的需求得以良好满足,高压输电线的施工质量就应该得到有效的保障。
机电安装工程电气施工工艺与控制管理研究
Authors: 解 晓飞
Published: October 2019

基于国家经济的快速发展与科技水平的提升,各领域市场竞争愈加激烈,特别是机电工程行业。机电安装企业要想全面提高市场竞争力,占据较大市场份额,就一定要强调施工工艺的作用,并积极开展控制管理工作。另外,企业需严格遵循法律法规,不断提升电气施工水平,落实电气施工控制管理工作,进一步优化施工工艺水平。基于此,文章将机电安装工程作为主要研究对象,重点阐述电气施工工艺和控制管理等相关内容,希望有所帮助。
La comprensión de la interculturalidad en el Ecuador: retos y desafíos
Authors: Quichimbo Saquichagua Fausto Fabricio
Published: October 2019

El presente estudio plantea una reflexión sobre comprensión del concepto de interculturalidad en el Ecuador. El estudio de corte cualitativo, involucró a egresados de la maestría de educación mención educación intercultural de la Universidad de Cuenca. Se aplicó entrevistas a profundidad, que se complementaron con una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados muestran, que a la hora de su definición se pone en evidencia su polisemia. Además, que existe una serie de aproximaciones que permiten acercarnos a una posible definición. El análisis indicó que es necesario repensar la interculturalidad desde una postura crítica y, además, reveló que los discursos interculturales deben pasar a ser reflexionados desde la práctica cotidiana.
PENGGUNAAN TANAH BENTONIT SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM Cu
Authors: Daniel S Bath  , Jenal M Siregar  , M Turmuzi Lubis
Published: October 2019

Bentonite serve the purpose of substance adsorpsi because swelling ability and cation for exchange. But adsorption ability is limited so that require to be activated by strong acid to higher level adsorption of bentonite. This research use Ca-Bentonit activated by strong acid HCl. Cation Cu analysed by using Spektofometri Serapan Atom (SSA).  Result of research  indicate that the increasing of HCl concentration and activation time can improve the adsorption capacity of bentonite. Maximum HCl concentration at 1,6 M and maximum activation time at 24 hour. Optimum heavy bentonite at 4 gr of 100 ppm Cu solution and optimum contact time at 2 hour. Result from Cu isoterm adsorption is weight of adsorption have same range with Cu concentration
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI DALAM KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN UJI DEGRADASI PADA KOMPOSIT TERMOPLASTIK BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA
Authors: Harry Abrido S  , Johannes Leonard S  , Maulida
Published: October 2019

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical properties and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the many types of produced composite is composite with powdered natural fiber. This study uses the former polypropylene matrix derived from aqua cup and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with some ratios are 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties such as impact strength, as well as the effect of degradation test on composite material former polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. Variation of composite degradation test were 10, 20 and 30 days, and immersion powder for 1 and 2 days. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the former polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The test results showed degradation soaking for 2 days has impact strength values ​​higher than 1 day is equal to 0.086 J / mm at 10 days, 0.048 J / mm at 20 days and 0.052 J / mm at 30 days.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH LATEKS KARET ALAM DENGAN PENGISI BUBUK PELEPAH PISANG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN MINYAK
Authors: Ismail Fahmi Hasibuan  , Edward Tandy  , Hamidah Harahap
Published: October 2019

The use of waste of natural rubber latex with banana sheats powder filler to serve as a more useful product that is used as adsorbent of oil. The process begins with drying the adsorbent manufacture banana and polished up to 100 mesh size. Then the banana powder mixed with waste latex with variations of 10 and 20% (w / w). The analysis of the ability of the adsorbent adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir equation and Freundlich isotherm equation. Research carried out by the batch process and the use of lubricating oil as the adsorbate. The results obtained showed the addition of banana powder as filler waste adsorbent adsorption of latex increases the ability of the oil adsorbent. The conclusion of the analysis showed an increase in the number of characteristics adsroben banana powder can enhance the adsorption of adsorbent.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI KAOLIN
Authors: Yudha Widyanata  , Indah M.S. Sitorus  , Indra Surya
Published: October 2019

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, Alkanolamide (ALK) was incorporated into kaolin-filled natural rubber compound at 1.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 7.0 parts per hundred rubber (phr). An investigation was carried out to examine the effect of ALK on tensile properties of the kaolin filled-natural rubber compound. It was found that ALK exhibited higher tensile modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break up to 5.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increasing of ALK loading. Crosslink density measurement proved that 5.0 phr loading of ALK in the kaolin-filled natural rubber system exhibited greatest tensile properties due to its highest crosslink density formation.
KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM DARI EKSTRAK KACANG KEDELAI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA DAN GLISEROL SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGEMAS MAKANAN
Authors: Loisa Lorensia Sinaga  , Melisa Seri Rejekina S  , Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Published: October 2019

ne way to solve the environment issue in the usage of nonbiodegradable plastic is by using biodegradable packaging. Edible film is a thin layer which is overlay the food. In this research, edible film made from mixture of soybean extract with starch and glycerol. The process of making edible films is began with producing soybean protein extract producing soy milk. Soy milk added by tapioca flour and glyserol variations : 2; 4; 6; 8 and 10 (ml/100 ml soy milk). Then, the mixture stirred by using magnetic stirer, formed and dried in the oven at the temperature of 40 °C ± 2 days. After that, the characteristics test of edible film done by checking the thickness, the tensile strength and elongation at break. The results of research shows that the addition of glycerol influence the edible film’s thickness, tensile strength and elongation at break. The thickness obtained from the increasing of the addition glycerol. They are 0,208 mm; 0,228 mm; 0,248 mm; 0,274 mm and 0,294 mm. The tensile strength will decrease if the thickness of the edible film increase. They are 0,105 MPa; 0,134 MPa; 0,088 MPa; 0,072 MPa and 0,048 MPa. The elongation at break which is obtained will increase by increasing of edible film’s thickness. They are 1,839%; 3,270%; 3,842%; 5,779%, and 6,158%. The characteristic’s test shows that the best thickness of edible film is 0,228 mm.
PENGARUH UKURAN SERBUK TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI PENGISI KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TAK JENUH TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN PENYERAPAN AIR
Authors: Falma Irawati Sijabat  , Jenmorisdo Saragih  , Halimatuddahliana
Published: October 2019

Coconut Shell Powder (CSP) was derived from industrial Making Anti-Mosquito can potentially be used as filler in materials composite. The investigation on the utilization of CSP as filler in a polyester matrix has been done with the purpose to obtain the best CSP fillers size in Unsaturated Polyester (UPR) composites in producing the best mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength  and water absorption. In this study, UPR was mixed with CSP at the sizes 50 mesh, 70 mesh and 100 mesh with comparison of CSP: Unsaturated Polyester 20:80 (w/w) by using hand lay-up method. The result of mechanical properties showed that, at a ratio of CSP: PE (20:80), the maximum tensile strength obtained is 42.558 MPa with the size of CSP 70 mesh. The test on impact strength was found that the increasing only occured with the size of CSP 100 mesh at 6083.47 J/m2. For absorption test, the highest water absorption occured at the first day,  water absorption increased with increasing the amount of filler and the most CSP  absorbed  water at 70 mesh.
PERANCANGAN PROTOTIPE BIOREAKTOR UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LANJUT LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT (LCPKS) SECARA AEROBIK
Authors: Bambang Trisakti  , Jhon Almer S. Pasaribu  , Tri Afrianty  , T. Husaini  , Irvan
Published: October 2019

LCPKS further processing is usually done by using activated sludge system is implemented in an open pond.This system requires a large enough dissolved oxygen so that if the system would lead to poor aeration then the HRT will be great. In addition to the spread of foul smell due to the system being used is open. This study aims to produce a prototype bioreactor that can be used to replace the above processing system. Bioreactor tank made ​​of transparent plastic tube that comes by baffles and stirrer are made ​​of stainless steel. In addition, the bioreactor is also equipped with a motor stirrer, aeration systems, and deodorizing unit. The resulting prototype has 11.078 cm high and 21.4 cm diameter, 9.2-liter operating volume, and fluid and baffle height is 24.5 cm. Bioreactor equipped with two stirrer blade that is horizontal turbine disc type at  7.13 cm of the tank bottom and paddle 4-rowing at 12.84 cm above the first blade. Bioreactor prototype has passed the leakage testand if the air flowing in at a constant velocity 0.5 m/s then the value of gasholdup (ε) is 0.02. Used this prototype for further processing LCPKS cause COD value of waste fell from 4,482 mg/l to 3,096 mg/l for 30 days long processed.
PEMBUATAN SIRUP GLUKOSA DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminatabalbisianacolla) SECARA ENZIMATIS
Authors: Zulqarnain Albaasith  , Rahmad Nauli Lubis  , Rondang Tambun
Published: October 2019

Glucose syrup is a trade name of hydrolysis of starch solution. The purpose of this research is to produce glucose syrup from banana peel and examine the variables that affect the hydrolysis process. The process of making glucose syrup in this study through a series of treatment until the resulting slurry is ready to be processed banana peel. Hydrolysis process is then performed using α-amylase and glucoamylase enzyme. This process is carried out in four phases: liquefaction, saccharification, purification and concentration. In the liquefaction process to vary the weight of raw materials: water (10% w / v, 20% w / v, 30% w / v and 40% w / v) and heating temperature (60oC, 70oC, 80oC and 90oC). In this research shows that the best glucose syrup is in the variation of glucose syrup raw materials: water 10% w / v at a temperature of 90oC which produces reducing sugar 9.86% and 98.56% DE value.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AMMONIUM SULFAT (NH4)2SO4 DAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN BUFFER FOSFAT TERHADAP PEROLEHAN CRUDE PAPAIN DARI DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA, L)
Authors: Mitha Alviyulita  , Pinta Rizki Mala Hasibuan  , Farida Hanum
Published: October 2019

Papaya leaves is a plant that rich in benefits. Papaya leaves contains papain enzyme which is a protease enzyme that very helpful for the industry. This study aims to determine the effect of the saturation level of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 and immersion time with phosphate buffer to get yield of protease from crude papaya. In this study varied immersion time with phosphate buffer is 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours and the saturation level of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 is 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 %. Analysis of protease activity was performed using UV spectrophotometer to measure the wavelength and absorbance values​​. The highest value of the protease activation (132,98% unit/ml) was obtained during 36 h of immersion time in phosphate buffer with 60% concentration of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4. The results found on 36 h of immersion time in  90% of ammonium sulphate concentration were the highest for rendement and water content value of 37,62 and 65,70%, respectively.
PENENTUAN DISTRIBUSI UKURAN PARTIKEL TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGAPUNGAN BATANG (BUOYANCY WEIGHING-BAR METHOD)
Authors: Rondang Tambun  , Nofriko Pratama  , Ely  , Farida Hanum
Published: October 2019

Particle size measurement of wheat flour is important in wheat flour industry. There are several methods have been used to measure particle size distribution (PSD) of wheat flour, such as Andreasen pipette method, sedimentation balance method, centrifugal sedimentation method. The disadvantages of these methods are that they are time consuming and require special skills. On the other hand, PSD can be analyzed using a different principle through laser diffraction/scattering methods, and coulter counter method. The laser diffraction/scattering and coulter counter methods produce highly accurate results within a shorter time, but the equipment is extremely expensive. Therefore, a simple and cost-effective new method to determine PSD is in high demand. In this study, we aim to develop a new method to measure the particle size distribution of wheat flour using a buoyancy weighing–bar method. In this method, the density change in a suspension due to particle migration (wheat flour) is measured by weighing buoyancy against a weighing–bar hung in the suspension (etanol/metanol), and the PSD is calculated using the length of the bar and the time–course change in the mass of the bar. This apparatus consists of an analytical balance with a hook for underfloor weighing, and a weighing–bar, which is used to detect the density change in suspension. The result obtained show that the PSD of wheat flour measured by the buoyancy weighing-bar method is comparable to that determined by settling balance method.
PENGARUH SUHU REAKSI DAN JUMLAH KATALIS PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH LEMAK SAPI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO DARI KULIT TELUR AYAM
Authors: Wendi  , Valentinoh Cuaca  , Taslim
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters from vegetable oils or animal fats. Beef tallow waste is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production. The objective of the study was to utilize beef tallow waste for biodiesel production using solid oxide catalyst which derived from the industrial eggshells. The materials calcined with temperature 900oC and time 2 hours, transformed calcium species in the shells into active CaO catalysts.The oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.86%. The FFA content of the oil was reduced by acid-catalyzed esterification. The product from this stage was subjected to produce biodiesel. Transesterification process reacts oil and methanol to produce methyl ester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables such as amount of catalyst and temperature were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 82.43% beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to beef tallow oil at 55oC, for a reaction time 1.5 hours in the presence 3 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is very suitable as low cost feedstock for biodiesel production.
PENGARUH SUHU DALAM PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SALAK (Salacca edulis) DENGAN IMPREGNASI ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4)
Authors: Muhammad Turmuzi  , Arion Syaputra
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to determine the yield, iodine and characteristics of activated carbon pore surface area. Activated carbon is made by impregnation method  with phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Snake fruit peel that has been mashed 1-2 mm soaked with phosphoric acid for (H3PO4) with concentration 10% for 3 hours. Filtered and dried for 24 hours at 60 °C. Snake fruit peel that has been impregnated pyrolysis at 400- 600 °C for 1  hours. Snake fruit peel that has been pyrolysis cooled in a desiccator for 30 minutes and washed until neutral pH. Then dried to a constant mass. The results showed that the best yield at a temperature of 400 °C 71.70%. The best surface area is 4078,694 m2/g. While iodine best is 494,91mg/g at a temperature 600 °C.
RANCANGAN ALAT PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BAHAN BAKU KULIT DURIAN
Authors: Irvan  , Bambang Trisakti  , Luri Adriani  , Reviana Revitasari
Published: October 2019

In this research, the bioethanol production unit using durian peel as raw material was designed with capacity process of 100 liters per cycle in batch process. The main equipments were designed fermenter and distillation unit. Fermenter tank was designed with 43 cm of diameter and 86 cm of height which was equipped with two manual paddle impeller of 30 cm in diameter. The other of main equipments, distillation tank was made of stainless steel with 48 cm of diameter and 54 cm of height, which was equipped with heater to heat the liquid of fermentation process and cooling tank to cool vaporised bioethanol. The time required for one cycle of fermentation with batch process was 7 days and 7 hours. While the time required for one cycle of bioethanol production with batch process was 8 days and 4 hours. The feasibility of bioethanol production unit in which consists of fermenter tank and distillation tank under condition process of 7 days and yeast concentration of 6% and distillation temperature of 80oC was tested. The results obtained were 8,98% of bioethanol concentration during fermentation and 74,96% of bioethanol concentration during distillation.
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI RBDPO DENGAN KATALIS CANGKANG KEPAH
Authors: M. Yusuf Ritonga  , Anda Putra
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel is a low-emission diesel fuel substitute made from renewable resources and waste oil. The objective of the study was to study of CaO catalysts in biodiesel production from RBDPO with clam shell catalyst through calcinations of CaCO3 with temperature of 900oC and 3.5 hours will be obtained CaO content of 68,35%. Effect of various process variables such as type of catalyst, reaction time, amount of catalyst and molar ratio of Methanol / oil were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was compared with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield, purity, density, viscosity and flash point of biodiesel RBDPO respectively for 84,0179%, 97,98%, 875,47 kg/m3, 4,99 cSt and 122oC was obtained by using 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to RBDPO oil at 60oC, for a reaction time of 2 hours in the presence 5 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this research showed that heterogeneous catalysts CaO derived from clam shell suitable to be used as catalysts in biodiesel production.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH LAUNDRY MENGGUNAKAN METODE BIOSAND FILTER UNTUK MENDEGRADASI FOSFAT
Authors: Sri Widya Astuti  , Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Published: October 2019

Laundry waste dominant comes from clothes softener and detergent which is one of the environmentally inhospitable material (non-biodegraduble) soit has to be processed before dumped into the waste. The basic material that use in this research is waste laundry. The purpose of this research is to decrease phosphate and surfactant content by biosand filter method which using active carbon adsorbent with ratio of mixed waste laundry and nutrition is 100%:0, 75%:25%, and 50%:50% (in % volume) by anaerobic process. The parameter that being analyzed are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS), daily pH also Phosphate and Surfactant before and after being processed anaerobically. pH for this research arranged in range 6,9-7,5. The largest volume in VSS ratio is 63,55%, COD percentage is 53,67%, phosphate percentage is 74,32%, and surfactant is 53,54%. The reduction of phosphate and surfactant value result by the present of contaminate layer (biofilm) in tank so that produce phosphate and surfactant that have been fill quality based on government regulation of the Republic Indonesia No. 82 of 2001.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG KERANG BULU SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK MENJERAP LOGAM KADMIUM (II) DAN TIMBAL (II)
Authors: Akhmad Anugerah S  , Iriany
Published: October 2019

Adsorbent from fur shells could be used to adsorb heavy metal ions such, as Cd (II) and Pb (II). This is shown by the research of adsorption using the fur shells. This research was aimed to characterize the fur shells. Variables in this research were the activation temperature and concentration of the metal solution. This research was begun with reduction of the shell size to 140  mesh, then thermal activation at temperature 110ᴼC, 500ᴼC and 800ᴼC in the furnace. After that adsorbent was characterized using BET, measured its density, moisture content and ash, the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was tested by using solution of Cd (II) and Pb (II), and then the concentration of the remaining solution was measured by AAS. The result showed that activated adsorbent  at temperatures 110ᴼC, 500ᴼC and 800ᴼC had surface area of 725.43; 807.94; and 803.822 m2/g. Density was inversely proportional to the activation temperature, the value of moisture content and ash obtained were in accordance to SNI. Activated adsorbent at 500ᴼC suitabled with  the Freundlich Isotherm.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN KOMPOSISI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH AREN (Arenga pinnata) DENGAN STARTER KOTORAN SAPI TERHADAP BIOGAS YANG DIHASILKAN
Authors: Deril Clinton  , Netti Herlina
Published: October 2019

Sugar palm or commonly called as Aren (Arenga pinnata) is a multipurpose crop. The widely use of sugar palm for  food industries, generates sugar palm leather waste which can be used as a biomass for biogas production. This study aims to determine the quality and the quantity of biogas made from a mixed of sugar palm leather waste and water using batch anaerobic digester system and to evaluate the economic potential of biogas production from the mixture. Research carried out by mixing sugar palm leather with water in a ratio of 1:13; 1:11,5; 1:10; 1:9; and 1:8 (w/w) with cow dung as a starter mixed with water in an anaerobic digester batch system. Observed variables are biogas, biogas composition, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and analyzed fermentation slurry for every 3 days. pH for this study is set in the range of 6,4-8. The largest volume of biogas production is found at a ratio 1:11,5 (w/w)  mixture of sugar palm leather and water that is 637 mL for total waste 1,5 L with 60,983 % methane contain. TSS removal percentage obtained was 88,10 %and percentage of COD removal by 82,43%. Slurry produces unqualified TSS and COD with the standard  quality of liquid waste. The economic potential of sugar palm leather waste and water for producing biogas is beneficial.