bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts on fisheries assessed by local ecological knowledge in a reservoir cascade in the lower São Francisco River, northeastern Brazil
Authors: D’avilla Thiago , Costa-Neto Eraldo M. , Brito Marcelo F. G.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Our study assessed the fishers’ perception (local ecological knowledge, LEK) concerning environmental impacts on fisheries and fish species in the final portion of Sub-Middle and Lower São Francisco. The river was divided into four areas where 107 fishers from 22 locations (4 states) were surveyed. The dam was the most significant impact on fisheries. The loss of connectivity, changing the environmental complexity, and its secondary effects (e.g., flow control, interruption of migratory routes) were determining factors. Other impacts were pointed out, such as pollution, macrophytes, overfishing, non-native species, and aquaculture. Among migratory species, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Salminus franciscanus have been absent from fishery catches for decades. Prochilodus argenteus records in fisheries are likely associated with migration routes to small tributaries. The environmental disturbance favored the establishment of non-native species such as Oreochromis niloticus, Cichla monoculus, and Metynnis lippincottianus along the studied section. Over the final portion of the São Francisco River, the more significant seawater intrusion changed the target species for fisheries activities. Thus, our data validate the importance of fishers’ LEK and reinforce the adverse effects of the reservoir cascade on fishing and migratory fishes.
The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change
Authors: Oliveira Anielly Galego de , Peláez Oscar , Agostinho Angelo Antonio
Published: October 2021

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in the Paraná-Paraguay basin on multiple facets of ichthyofauna, both currently and in future climate change scenarios, based on reaching the 17% of conserved terrestrial and inland water defined by Aichi Target 11. Analyses were carried out vis-à-vis a distribution of 496 native species, modeling for the present and for the future, and in moderate and pessimistic scenarios of greenhouse gases. We calculated species richness, functional richness, and phylogenetic diversity, overlapping the combination of these facets with the PAs. The results indicate that the current PAs of the Paraná-Paraguay basin are not efficient in protecting the richest areas of ichthyofauna in their multiple facets. While there is a larger overlap between PAs and the richest areas in phylogenetic diversity, the values are too low (2.37%). Currently, the overlap between PAs and areas with larger species richness, functional richness, and phylogenetic diversity is only 1.48%. Although this value can increase for future projections, the values of the indices decrease substantially. The relevant aquatic environments, biological communities, and climate change should be considered as part of the systematic planning of PAs that take into consideration the terrestrial environments and their threats.
Under the surface: what we know about the threats to subterranean fishes in Brazil
Authors: Bichuette Maria Elina , Gallão Jonas Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Abstract The present work brings information on threats to the subterranean fishes in Brazil. Currently, at least 36 species are known, 22 of which are already formally described. Endemism is the rule for most of them. Regarding their conservation, these fishes are in general considered threatened: and most of the already formally described species are included in national lists of threatened fauna, and only four of them are included in the global list of the IUCN. Regarding habitats, Brazilian subterranean fishes occur in alluvial sediments (part of the hyporheic zone), shallow base-level streams, flooded caves, lakes in the water table, upper vadose tributaries, and epikarst aquifers. We detected 11 main threats, mainly related to agriculture, pasture, and hydroelectric plans, but unmanaged tourism and pollution are also significant threats. Two threats affect a high number of species (physical change of the habitat and food restriction). The river basins with the higher number of identified threats are the upper Tocantins (eight) followed by the upper Paraguaçu (six). Effective proposals to protect this neglected component of the Brazilian biodiversity are still scarce, such as monitoring projects and their function in the subterranean communities, besides education projects aiming to develop public awareness.
Routing for safer rides: a space syntax approach to predict bicycle collisions in a Brazilian city
Authors: Fernandes Danaê , Urbano Mariana Ragassi , Kanashiro Milena
Published: October 2021

Abstract In order to broaden the discussion on the safety of bicycle transport, this paper uses the analytical capacity of the spatial syntax applied to the recording of accidents involving cyclists in the city of Rolândia-PR, located in the Southern Region of Brazil. With the availability of 535 reports of trips made by bicycle mode, collected in the survey origin and destination of the city, a database was elaborated where each segment of the road received its numerical value from the loading of trips, and its corresponding values of choice and integration, generated in the Depthmap software. As a result, the relationship between the point of accident and the trip record by bicycle was refuted. In contrast, the angular values of choice and integration were sufficient to explain the occurrence of accidents involving cyclists in each segment of the municipal urban network, statistically proven through the generation of a generalized linear model. The contribution of this study focuses on the validity of using spatial syntax to predict safer routes, which is considered a theoretical-methodological approach that identifies priority routes for the implementation of specific infrastructure for bicycle transport.
Os conflitos pelo Direito à Cidade em Fortaleza: disputas entre a visão estratégica da cidade e a regulamentação das ZEIS
Authors: Brasil Amíria Bezerra
Published: October 2021

Resumo Desde o início do século XX a produção do espaço urbano em Fortaleza seguiu lógica protagonizada pelos setores privados, pouco regulada pelo Estado, ratificada pelos investimentos públicos consolidando-se um espaço desigual. Somente após a aprovação da Constituição Federal e do Estatuto da Cidade foram inseridos instrumentos urbanísticos nos Planos Diretores que seriam capazes de reverter essa lógica, destacando-se as ZEIS. Entretanto, eles não foram implementados, ou o foram a partir de uma lógica às avessas que favoreceu a produção mercantilista da cidade. Os assentamentos informais permanecem sob o risco de remoção, a produção de novas habitações sociais continua de forma periférica, e os investimentos públicos favorecem a valorização da terra em localizações específicas. O objetivo desse artigo é, portanto, discutir a preponderância da lógica mercantilista de produção do espaço em Fortaleza em detrimento da garantia do Direito à Cidade, apesar da delimitação das ZEIS no PDPFor (2009). O artigo é um dos resultados da tese de doutorado, que foi desenvolvida a partir de entrevistas com os agentes envolvidos, consultas aos documentos da Prefeitura e referências bibliográficas destacadas ao longo do texto.
A sombra e a praça: análise de impacto do sombreamento de edificações altas em praças curitibanas
Authors: Moro Jeanne , Rosaneli Alessandro Filla , Krüger Eduardo , Camboim Silvana
Published: October 2021

Resumo As sombras provenientes de edificações nas cidades são elementos determinantes na conformação de espaços públicos convidativos e adaptados às mudanças climáticas. Tendo-se em vista o aumento na altura das edificações definido na última atualização da legislação urbanística de Curitiba/PR, ocorrida em 2019, esse estudo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto do sombreamento proveniente de edificações do entorno a partir de simulações em três praças situadas em diferentes zonas não consolidadas ou em expansão, que permitem edificações com pelos menos seis pavimentos. O método, composto por diferentes etapas e utilizando-se de dados abertos, tem como resultado mapas para os solstícios de verão e inverno e equinócios. As análises demonstram que quando realizada a simulação considerando a altura das edificações com a aquisição de potencial construtivo, o impacto de sombreamento sobre os espaços públicos é considerável, principalmente no solstício de inverno. Sendo Curitiba um município caracterizado por um clima frio nesse momento do ano, um maior acesso solar nos espaços públicos pode ser recomendado. Advoga-se que o estudo do impacto de sombreamento proveniente das edificações lindeiras às praças seja uma possibilidade para delimitação de índices mais restritivos nos processos de planejamento urbano.
Cidades brasileiras: entre valores e narrativas do urbanismo
Authors: Costa Raíssa de Keller e , Souza Vanessa Taveira de
Published: October 2021

Resumo As antigas cidades brasileiras, constituídas no período colonial, possuem espaços urbanos com características vinculadas às tradições urbanas portuguesas, mas ainda assim, possibilitam diferentes leituras e interpretações pelas suas singularidades relacionadas à localização no país, especialmente no interior e no litoral. Ao longo do século XX, essas singularidades favoreceram a formulação de diferentes narrativas sobre essas cidades, com publicações que nem sempre consideraram tais características urbanas a partir de diferentes olhares, atribuindo valores negativos e positivos a elas. Para demonstrar o processo epistemológico de construção dessas narrativas, aponta-se alguns marcos temporais, como 1930, 1960 e 2000. Esses marcos foram estabelecidos, para fins desse estudo, para nortear os contextos dessas narrativas e os valores envolvidos, com base em Boaventura de Souza Santos e suas contribuições sobre senso comum e ciência. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foram apontados exemplos de algumas cidades litorâneas e estudo de caso na cidade interiorana de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, pelas formas como são apresentados os processos de constituição de seus espaços na bibliografia. Como resultado, esse artigo demonstra como os diferentes valores relacionados ao contexto histórico das antigas cidades brasileiras se transpuseram entre o senso comum e a ciência por meio de algumas narrativas predominantes.
PENSAMIENTO METACOGNITIVO, CRÍTICO Y CREATIVO EN CONTEXTOS EDUCATIVOS: CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN Y SUGERENCIAS DIDÁCTICAS
Authors: Pastén Laura Espinoza
Published: October 2021

RESUMEN El presente artículo aborda los conceptos de pensamiento metacognitivo, crítico y creativo, planteando una revisión desde los aportes desde la psicología y desde la neurociencia cognitiva, y su impacto tanto en el aprendizaje como en el rendimiento académico. Como primer objetivo, se plantea una conceptualización de los procesos de pensamiento metacognitivo, crítico y creativo según la literatura clásica y actual. En segundo lugar, se sugieren algunas acciones didácticas a los profesionales de la educación para estimular el desarrollo de cada uno de los tipos de pensamiento. Como resultado de la revisión y la reflexión, se concluye que el desarrollo del pensamiento es clave para hacer más eficientes los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, puesto que el estudiante adquiere un rol activo y autonomía en la construcción del conocimiento y el desarrollo de habilidades, que trascienden a las diferentes esferas del desarrollo humano.
Inovar na universidade: uma alternativa real ou mais do mesmo?
Authors: Chavez Jorge , Jiménez Felipe , Fauré Jaime
Published: October 2021

RESUMEN La investigación en el campo educativo sobre teorías implícitas sugiere que la naturaleza de las innovaciones en docencia universitaria depende, en buena medida, de cuáles son las teorías que los profesores tienen sobre qué significa aprender, enseñar e innovar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las teorías implícitas de un grupo de doce profesores que presentaron proyectos de innovación en docencia universitaria en una universidad chilena. Siguiendo un enfoque cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a cada uno de los docentes responsables de los proyectos. Los resultados sugieren que los profesores conciben el aprendizaje, la enseñanza y la innovación a partir de una serie de nociones constructivistas, pero al momento de prever el diseño instruccional de sus proyectos no logran identificar la forma en que estos aspectos se concretizan en la práctica. Se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados para la investigación y para mejorar las innovaciones educativas universitarias.
A VIOLÊNCIA NA EDUCAÇÃO: CONSIDERAÇÕES DE PROFESSORES VIOLENTADOS
Authors: Carvalho Mírian Alves , Barroco Sonia Mari Shima
Published: October 2021

RESUMO A pesquisa teve como objetivos compreender a violência relacionada à educação, subsidiada pela Psicologia Histórico-Cultural (PHC) e conhecer o que expressam professores de escolas estaduais de um município do Paraná sobre a violência na educação. Contou com investigações bibliográfica e de campo. Recuperaram-se estudos teóricos sobre violência na atual sociedade capitalista e seus impactos sobre a constituição social do psiquismo humano. A investigação de campo foi elaborada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com catorze professores que sofreram forte violência policial em protesto contra o desmonte da educação pública, abordando-se suas percepções sobre a violência manifesta na escola. Os resultados das investigações apontam para os fatores multicausais e estruturais da violência na educação, não sendo adequada a designação de violência escolar. Os professores, mesmo impactados com a violência sofrida, não desistiram de suas atuações profissionais em prol da formação humana.
OS OBJETOS SEM SIGNIFICAÇÃO LÚDICA ESPECÍFICA NA BRINCADEIRA
Authors: Marcolino Suzana , Mello Suely Amaral
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa de pós-doutoramento com objetivo de verificar se a apresentação de objetos sem significação lúdica específica articulada à retirada gradual de brinquedos cria uma circunstância em que o uso dos primeiros potencializa processos psicológicos em desenvolvimento na criança. O referencial teórico é a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, mais precisamente a teoria de D. B. Elkonin sobre a brincadeira. A metodologia inspira-se na experimentação pedagógica: cria-se uma condição semelhante ao contexto pedagógico e realizam-se ações com vistas a conhecer seus efeitos. Participaram da pesquisa crianças entre 4 e 5 anos. Os resultados apontam que a retirada de brinquedos provoca a utilização de objetos sem significação específica e potencializa o uso da palavra nas situações nas quais a criança procura um objeto substituto para o brinquedo ausente. Essa ação da criança é indício que está dando passos rumo ao pensamento conceitual.
Construção de um inventário de problemas éticos na Atenção Primária para a saúde bucal
Authors: Gomes Doris , Mello Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira de , Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone , Finkler Mirelle
Published: October 2021

Considerando-se as especificidades dos problemas éticos em saúde bucal, esta pesquisa objetivou construir uma proposta de Inventário de Problemas Éticos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (IPE-APS) para a saúde bucal (SB), estudo metodológico desenvolvido por um comitê de juízes. Após levantamento prévio de 32 problemas éticos específicos, fez-se sua equivalência com quarenta itens do IPE-APS: de itens; de semântica e conteúdo; de avaliação dos itens não equivalentes; de avaliação dos problemas específicos não equivalentes. Apontaram-se 18 itens do IPE-APS equivalentes a 17 problemas específicos, confluindo para 16 itens finais. Dos 22 itens não equivalentes, 5 foram mantidos. Incluíram-se os 15 problemas éticos específicos não equivalentes. Evidenciou-se a complexidade do trabalho de equivalência de inventários de natureza ética. Chegou-se à proposta de um IPE-APS-SB de 36 itens.
Living Senior Labs, ecosistemas de co-creación e innovación abierta con personas mayores: revisión sistemática de la literatura en Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Martín-García Antonio Víctor , Gutiérrez-Pérez Bárbara Mariana , Aceros Juan Carlos
Published: October 2021

Los Living Labs son experiencias colaborativas que buscan implicar a la ciudadanía en la gobernanza científica y la evaluación de tecnologías. A pesar de su interés, se sabe muy poco sobre estas comunidades, su funcionamiento, tipología y características. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre de un tipo particular de Living Lab, orientado hacia las personas mayores: los Living Senior Labs. A partir de una búsqueda general en las principales bases de datos científicas (WOS y Scopus), y de la aplicación de criterios de inclusión preestablecidos tras la primera selección quedaron finalmente seleccionados 19 estudios sobre Senior Labs (2010 y 2021). Los resultados proporcionan un mejor conocimiento de este tipo de ecosistemas y crean una base firme para avanzar en el conocimiento de este campo.
Discussões sobre os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres após o surgimento do zika vírus no Brasil
Authors: Lima Fernanda Macedo da Silva , Iriart Jorge Alberto Bernstein
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este estudo buscou compreender como a epidemia do zika vírus e suas consequências sobre o desenvolvimento fetal influenciaram a percepção de gestantes de diferentes situações socioeconômicas sobre os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos em uma capital da região nordeste do Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de dezoito entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo nove com gestantes do setor público de saúde e nove com gestantes do setor privado de saúde. Os resultados demonstraram que entre gestantes atendidas pelo setor público de saúde há uma alta ocorrência de gestações não intencionais, relacionadas principalmente a dificuldades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e informação. As gestantes de uma maneira geral passaram a desenvolver cuidados a fim de reduzir o risco de infecção pelo zika vírus, comportamento não compartilhado por seus parceiros, apesar da possibilidade de transmissão sexual do vírus. Por fim, a ampliação da discussão sobre os direitos reprodutivos, proposta pela Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 5581, ainda divide opiniões entre as mulheres quanto a possibilidade de interrupção da gestação em casos de infecção pelo zika vírus, sendo que as argumentações favoráveis denunciam as injustiças sociais, enquanto as contrárias mobilizam questões de cunho moral e religioso.
PODE A HISTÓRIA ORAL AJUDAR A ADIAR O FIM DO MUNDO? COVID-19: TEMPO, TESTEMUNHO E HISTÓRIA
Authors: Rodeghero Carla Simone , Weimer Rodrigo de Azevedo
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O texto analisa 16 entrevistas realizadas entre 2020 e 2021, em um projeto de história oral sobre o cotidiano da COVID-19, explorando como as noções de tempo, testemunho e história são acionadas no contexto pandêmico. Foi dada atenção às narrativas de gestores públicos estaduais e estudantes de graduação de baixa renda sobre duas questões: “você teria algo a acrescentar que não foi perguntado?” e “por que você aceitou fazer parte da pesquisa?”. Esses questionamentos deram acesso a testemunhos sobre o ato de testemunhar, possibilitando reflexões sobre a história como vivência e como processo de construção do conhecimento.
RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO NA GUERRILHA: A CONFIGURAÇÃO DOS ESPAÇOS DE LUTA
Authors: Barroso Eloísa Pereira
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O artigo busca pensar as relações de gênero no contexto ditatorial vivido por mulheres guerrilheiras de modo a construir um diálogo entre passado, presente e futuro para se interpretarem as experiências vividas por elas com base em um horizonte dialógico e se compreenderem as disputas e tensões às quais elas estavam submetidas. A intenção é percorrer, por intermédio da história oral, a diversidade de espaços e tempos em que as relações se inscrevem tanto no campo do gênero como no campo da luta política, pois as experiências das mulheres guerrilheiras são sociais, portanto situadas no tempo/espaço.
Prospects for using boron in metallurgy. Report 2
Authors: Zhuchkov V. I. , Zayakin O. V. , Akberdin А. A.
Published: October 2021

The second part of the article presents perspective directions of using boron and its compounds in the preparation processes, metallurgical processing of ore materials and steel smelting in order to improve the quality of the final product. An efficient technology of silicothermal production of ferrosilicoboron containing 0.6  –  2.0  %  B and 60  –  80  %  Si has been developed. The advantage of this scheme is the possibility of obtaining a  boron-containing alloy during ferrosilicon smelting. It has been experimentally shown that ferrosilicoboron has higher performance characteristics than ferroboron both in production and when used for steel processing. The results of industrial tests of the technology for microalloying pipe grades of steel with a new ferroalloy with boron confirmed a high degree of boron assimilation – up to 96  %. The possibility of widespread use of boron for steel microalloying is due to its cheapness, availability and environmental friendliness. According to the calculations, boron from complex ferrosilicoboron is the cheapest trace element used to increase the strength characteristics of steel. Additives of B2O3 can be successfully used to form high-magnesium liquid steel-making slags. It is shown that 0.37  –  0.55  %  В2О3 effectively stabilizes the highly basic slags of the steel and ferroalloy industries. This operation allows obtaining a marketable lump material. The above review, results of the laboratory and industrial studies have shown the effectiveness of boron usage at different stages of metallurgical production. An increase in technical and economic indicators of production and quality of steel and ferroalloys, and effective disposal of waste slags is shown. The technical solutions advanced and tested at metallurgical enterprises do not require capital expenditures. They are implemented by adding microdosing of boron and its compounds to metallurgical production facilities.
Crosslinking assay to study a specific cargo-coat interaction through a transmembrane receptor in the secretory pathway v1
Authors: Manzano-Lopez † Javier , Rodriguez-Gallardo † Sofia , Sabido-Bozo Susana , Cortes-Gomez Alejandro , Maria Perez-Linero Ana , Lucena Rafael , Cordones-Romero Antonio , Lopez Sergio , Aguilera-Romero Auxiliadora , Muñiz Manuel
Published: October 2021

Intracellular trafficking through the secretory organelles depends on transient interactions between cargo proteins and transport machinery. Cytosolic coat protein complexes capture specific luminal cargo proteins for incorporation into transport vesicles by interacting with them indirectly through a transmembrane adaptor or cargo receptor. Due to their transient nature, it is difficult to study these specific ternary protein interactions just using conventional native co-immunoprecipitation. To overcome this technical challenge, we have applied a crosslinking assay to immobilize the transient and/or weak protein interactions. Here, we describe a protocol of protein cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation, which was employed to prove the indirect interaction in the endoplasmic reticulum of a luminal secretory protein with a selective subunit of the cytosolic COPII coat through a specific transmembrane cargo receptor. This method can be extended to address other transient ternary interactions between cytosolic proteins and luminal or extracellular proteins through a transmembrane receptor within the endomembrane system.
Crosslinking assay to study a specific cargo-coat interaction through a transmembrane receptor in the secretory pathway v2
Authors: Manzano-Lopez † Javier , Rodriguez-Gallardo † Sofia , Sabido-Bozo Susana , Cortes-Gomez Alejandro , Maria Perez-Linero Ana , Lucena Rafael , Cordones-Romero Antonio , Lopez Sergio , Aguilera-Romero Auxiliadora , Muñiz Manuel
Published: October 2021

Intracellular trafficking through the secretory organelles depends on transient interactions between cargo proteins and transport machinery. Cytosolic coat protein complexes capture specific luminal cargo proteins for incorporation into transport vesicles by interacting with them indirectly through a transmembrane adaptor or cargo receptor. Due to their transient nature, it is difficult to study these specific ternary protein interactions just using conventional native co-immunoprecipitation. To overcome this technical challenge, we have applied a crosslinking assay to immobilize the transient and/or weak protein interactions. Here, we describe a protocol of protein cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation, which was employed to prove the indirect interaction in the endoplasmic reticulum of a luminal secretory protein with a selective subunit of the cytosolic COPII coat through a specific transmembrane cargo receptor. This method can be extended to address other transient ternary interactions between cytosolic proteins and luminal or extracellular proteins through a transmembrane receptor within the endomembrane system.
Genotoxic properties of hypoglycemic drugs (systematic review)
Authors: Eremina Natalia  V. , Zhanataev Aliy K. , Lisitsyn Artem A. , Durnev Andrey D.
Published: October 2021

According to the literature genotoxic properties of about a half of hypoglycemic drugs have not been investigated in accordance with the recommended methodology, and studies of the mutagen-modifying activity of antidiabetic drugs are sporadic. Based on the available published data, it is impossible to conclude about either presence or absence of genotoxic / antigenotoxic potential of antidiabetic drugs. There is evidence of the antimutagenic activity of metformin; in relation to other drugs, studies of mutagen-modifying activity have not been carried out or are represented only by a few articles. Further study of the genotoxic properties of hypoglycemic drugs is required in accordance with modern approaches and requirements, as well as an assessment of their mutagen-modifying activity.
Suppurative tuboovarial of derivation (clinic, diagnostic, principles of therapy)
Authors: Kqstuchek D. F.
Published: October 2021

You can find the personal views of the author on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and principles of therapy pelvic inflammory deseases in the lecture. The autors views are based on the large own experience.
The Relationship between Bank Specific Characteristics and the Extent of Disclosure: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Sumi , Neogy Taposh Kumar
Published: October 2021

The fundamental motive of this study is to inspect the extent of disclosure of the banking companies in Bangladesh. To calculate the disclosure score of each sample bank, the un-weighted disclosure index has been used. To reveal the findings of this study, researchers have considered five conventional private commercial banks. A period of five years ranging from 2013 to 2017 has been selected for the study. Data have been collected from secondary sources and different statistical techniques like descriptive statistics as well as regression analysis with the respective models have been employed. The study reveals that the average disclosures scores of the sample banks are at a satisfactory level and the significant variation doesn’t exist in the disclosure scores among the sample banks. Multiple regression analysis has been conducted to know whether the significant relationship is available between the extent of disclosure and the specific characteristics of banks and the evidence confirm that the significant relationship is existing between the extent of disclosure and earnings per share, return on assets as well as net profit but not between the disclosure scores and capital adequacy ratio, debt-equity ratio, current ratio, loan deposit ratio, market capitalization ratio as well as total assets.
Bank Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Commercial Bank Performance in Bangladesh
Authors: Bony Shakila Zerin
Published: October 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on the commercial bank performance measures (ROA, NIM, and ROE in this case) in Bangladesh. The study identifies bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic determinants of performance in Bangladesh’s banking sector over the years 2009 to 2018. The study uses relevant data from a sample of 10 commercial banks in Bangladesh. The determinants are identified by using correlation and regression analysis. This finding serves as an indicator that the bank-specific and macroeconomic variables selected for this study provide a better description of ROA rather than net interest margin (NIM) and ROE. Among all the bank-specific determinants board size, audit committee meetings, and foreign ownership have a positive relationship with the bank’s performance. Specifically, inflation and GDP are observed to have a positive relationship with bank performance. The findings of this research can be of great help to a wide range of entities such as academicians, bankers, the government, students, and investors. This study can be helpful to bank management by providing valuable information thus assisting in the construction of efficient management policy decisions in order to ensure higher profits.
Does Nigeria Non-Renewable Resource Abundance Leads to Macroeconomic Performance? A Trend Analysis (1970-2014)
Authors: Ajayi Felix Odunayo , Adelowokan A. Oluwaseyi , Ogunyomi Oluwatosin O.
Published: October 2021

Theoretically, natural resource abundance is expected to create national wealth; however, the inconclusiveness in the literature and among the African rich resources motivated this study. Our paper investigated that does Nigeria's non-renewable resource abundance leads to sustainable macroeconomic performance? To achieve the objectives of this study, our paper employs descriptive trends analysis, using tables and charts to measure the relationship between the non-renewable resource abundance, proxied as oil and gas variables, and the selected macroeconomic variables to draw an inference within the study period of 1970 – 2014 in Nigeria. In summary, our study concludes that an inverse relationship exists between non-renewable resource abundance and macroeconomic performance in Nigeria for the covered period 1970 – 2014. Therefore, our study conforms to the existing studies of Sachs & Warner, 2001; Gylfasson, 2005, VanPloeg and Venables, 2013 that African rich-resources countries, including Nigeria,  a non-renewable resource abundance retards macroeconomic performance within the period of study. Nonetheless, this study recommends that government should consistently endeavor to increase the proportion of education expenditure to total expenditure as well as same for capital expenditure to total expenditure, and finally, transform the economy from an oil-dependent economy to a non-oil driven economy, that is diversification of the economy, which would change the non-renewable resource-abundant nation from curse to blessing and thus, guarantee sustainable macroeconomic performance in Nigeria.
Comparison of two insertion techniques for I-Gel placement in paediatric patients: standard vs rotational methods
Authors: Yadav Rahul , Tiwari Neeraj Kumar , Dharmamer Milind Y , Mohan Sanil , Chandra Ajai , Rao Pravin Mohan
Published: October 2021

: I-Gel has found increasing favour amongst anaesthesiologists for securing and maintaining a patent airway during routine as well as emergency surgeries in the paediatric population. The present prospective randomized study was conducted to compare the two techniques (standard and rotational methods) for I-Gel insertion in children; by assessing the first attempt success rate, insertion time and ease of insertion.

: ASA I and II paediatric patients (1-6 years old) scheduled for brief elective surgical procedures lasting less than one hour were randomly allocated into two groups viz. Group A (n= 30) employing the standard technique, and Group B (n= 30) utilizing the rotational technique for I-Gel placement.

: Group B subjects depicted a significantly higher first-attempt success rate vis a vis Group A subjects (P=0.040). The mean insertion time during the first attempt was longer in Group A (standard technique) as compared to Group B (rotational technique), but the difference was not statistically significant.

: This study lends credence to the fact that the placement of I-Gel by employing the rotational method culminates in an increase in the first attempt success rate, suggestive of its potential superiority to the standard method
Factors determining blood transfusion in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG) surgery: A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Varma Brejesh Ravi , Kutty C Salman Mohamed , Khadanga Prashanth , Sheshagiri Nirmal , Cheruvathur Ajish Varghese
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease is increasing to a great extent globally and in India. Off pump Coronary artery bypass graft is one of the surgical modalities in the treatment of Coronary artery heart disease. Blood/ blood component transfusion is one of the essential roles during/immediate postoperative period of off pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Though there are few benefits due to blood transfusion, the demerits outweigh the merits of blood transfusion. Hence identification of predisposing factors for need of blood /blood component transfusions will enhance us to understand the indications and the ways to minimize it.

To determine the predisposing factors that influence the need for blood transfusion during off pump coronary artery bypass graft and to measure their strength of association.

This cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care cardiac center in India between March and September 2016 on 196 patients. The participants were from both sexes, aged between 40-70 years, undergoing elective or emergency OPCABG under general anaesthesia. Information on Demographic data and comorbid illnesses were elicited. Vitals and other hemodynamic parameters were recorded during preoperative, intra operative and post operative periods. Total amount of anticoagulant (heparin) used, activated clotting time (ACT) after 3 minutes of anticoagulation, total duration of graft harvest (time from start of first graft harvesting to end of last graft harvest), total number of grafts taken, total duration for anastamoses (time from start of anastamosis to end of last graft anastamosis), total blood loss and total amount of blood transfused were noted.

The intra-operative factors included total intra-operative heparin used, total protamine used, total number of grafts used for anastamoses, total duration of graft anastamoses, total duration of surgery, total duration of anaesthesia, total intra-operative blood loss and insertion of IABP intra-operatively. The post operative factors included total amount of postoperative blood loss and post operative insertion of IABP. Multivariate analysis of significant factors showed male gender, preoperative anaemia and total duration of surgery were independent predictors of need of blood and blood product transfusion.

Prior identification of risk factors and correction of them if applicable would help to assess and manage preoperatively and also thereby reduce the need for blood transfusions and help in managing optimal utilization of resources.
Anesthetic management of an achondroplastic dwarf with difficult airway and kyphoscoliosis for total abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Phalke Tejaswini L , Deshpande Jyoti P , Kale Jyoti H , Godbole Madhavi R
Published: October 2021

Achondroplasia is a common form of dwarfism and possesses multiple anesthetic challenges including securing of intravenous line, monitoring and calculating drug dosage, spine abnormality, difficulty in mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation, obesity, cardiopulmonary and neurological system abnormality. There is multiple systems involvement, therefore thorough preanesthetic check ups, investigations and planning for anesthesia is important. Here we came across 36 years old female patient, achondroplasic dwarf (height- 100cm) with thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis, fused cervical spine, short neck and restricted neck movement with mild pulmonary restrictive disease for total abdominal hysterectomy. Patient also had complained of generalized weakness and fatigue. She had a limited neck extension and short neck possesses anticipated difficult intubation, therefore we planned awake fiberoptic intubation with smaller size endotracheal tube for airway management and general anesthesia in a patient with difficult airway and spine for total abdominal hysterectomy. As the spread of the drug in regional anesthesia is unpredicted, we planned general anesthesia with awake fiberoptic intubation to avoid the risk of neurological injury while extending the neck during laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation due to restricted neck movement.
Estimation of serum levels of magnesium in antenatal women in a tertiary health centre
Authors: Axita C Vani , Stephen Sherin , Nadasha T
Published: October 2021

Magnesium is an important macrominerals required for various functions in our body and also as a cofactor for several enzymes. Magnesium deficiency in pregnancy due to decreased intake or increased demands may lead to complications like eclampsia, pre eclampsia, IUGR, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight etc. Hence we aim to estimate magnesium levels in antenatal women attending a tertiary care centre in North Kerala.

1. To estimate the levels of Serum Magnesium in antenatal women. 2. Compare the level of Magnesium with Hb, random blood glucose and Blood Pressure levels. 3. Determine sociodemographic profile of antenatal cases.

This observational study was conducted in department of Biochemistry, GMC, Kannur from February 2020. All antenatal cases attending OBG OPD, GMC, Kannur, age between 18-35 years were included in the study while women with comorbidities and pregnancy complications were excluded from the study.

Biochemical parameters like blood sugar, hemoglobin, HBA1C, were assayed on fully automated analyser, Se. Magnesium was assayed on a semi automated analyser by calmagite kit method. Patient biodata, history, clinical parameters and other relevant details were collected in prestructured formats.

Total 30 patients were selected in this study. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 36 years with mean age 27.83 + 4.53 years. The mean Magnesium level in the study participants was 1 + 0.32 mg/dl. In our study participants reported 0 still birth, and 2 (6.7%) had abortions. Majority of them 90% had oedema of lower limbs. Participants had no history of pre-existing illnesses like hypertension hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, etc. There was a week positive correlation of Magnesium with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and by comparing the levels of Magnesium with Haemoglobin and Blood pressure, they are not significant.

Determination of Magnesium deficiency in the pregnancy can help in initiating appropriate supplementation and prevention of untoward complications, associated with Magnesium deficiency. Also, such studies, have not been conducted in this part of Kerala and will help to provide more information related to the topic.
Prong maxillary complete denture for better facial aesthetic: A case report
Authors: Pathania Neha , Lalmalswami Sailo Jenny , Un Noor Sabat , Nagpal Archana , Mahajan Mamata
Published: October 2021

Denture teeth and denture flange are two very important aspects of a complete denture. For aesthetic purpose while fabricating the complete denture prosthesis, restoring the labial fullness is a sensitive procedure. There are some clinical situations where the labial flange gives poor facial aesthetics. It is more occur in proclined maxillary anterior ridge or thick labial cortical plate with severe labial undercut. In this article we are presenting a case with thick labial cortical plates and severe labial undercut. So, we have modified the complete denture and delivered a prong (flangeless) denture to give more aesthetic appearance to the patient.
Class II correction by maxillary molar distalization with pendulum appliance - A case report
Authors: Nandeshwar Nivedita , Banerjee Sujoy , Jawalekar Rashmi , Shenoy Usha
Published: October 2021

24 year male patient presented with skeletal class II base with prognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible. Angles class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion with proclined upper and lower anteriors, increase overjet, increased overbite, spacing with upper and lower anteriors, scissor bite with 35, class I molar and canine relation on right side, end on molar and canine relation on left side. Distalization was planned in maxillary arch to correct end on molar relation on left side and upper incisor proclination. Unilateral Pendulum appliance was used to distalize upper left molar. Post treatment Class I molar relationship was achieved bilaterally within 2-4 months with incisor proclination reduced. The total treatment ended in 18 months.
The Differences between English and Russian Language Teachers' Attitudes towards CALL
Authors: Ahmadishokouh Ali Asghar , Samadi Fatemeh
Published: October 2021

Teachers play an important role in the implementation of Computer Assisted Language Learning(CALL) into language classes and their attitudes have proved to be significant predictors of using technology in their classes. In other words, Teachers’ attitudes are considered as a major factor that influences the use of new technologies in the educational settings. Thus, their attitudes toward computer can play an important role in the acceptance and actual use of technology in teaching in general and language teaching in particular. A review of the literature shows many examples of student voice reports, but not enough studies have conducted on teachers’ attitudes towards CALL. This study was an attempt to address the possible differences between the English and Russian language teachers' attitudes towards incorporating CALL  into their teaching professions. To this end a number of 53 English teacher and 52 Russian language teachers participated in the study. They were asked to fill  the  E & L teachers' attitude toward CALL questionnaire.The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22 through running independent sample T- test. The result indicated that there is a significant difference between English and Russian teachers' attitude towards CALL. Moreover, it was concluded that English language teachers have more positive views towards incorporating CALL into their teaching.
Qualitative Study of the Factors Affecting Marital Satisfaction from the Viewpoint of Divorced Women: Comparing the Attitudes of Women Before and After Marriage
Authors: Rezapour Mirsaleh Yasser , Saghachi Firoozabadi Monireh , Amini Raziyeh
Published: October 2021

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively study the factors on marital satisfaction from the viewpoint of divorced women before and after marriage.
Methods: A qualitative study design based on grounded theory was used. Among the women who referred to the family court of Meybod city and were separated from their husbands, 12 women were selected to participate in the study. The sample size was selected based on theoretical saturation and data was obtained using a semi-structured deep interview.
Findings: Results show divorced women before their marriage, either had specific and postmodern viewpoint toward marital satisfaction, or had idealistic and superficial viewpoint about marital life considering a minimal number of problems. After divorce, they believed in concrete and specific criteria for achieving marital satisfaction. The factors affecting marital satisfaction from the viewpoints of the participants before their marriage were classified in concepts such as idealism, superficial, attitudinal understanding, non-specific attitude; after divorce these factors were classified in concepts such as behavior and emotion control, personal and family fitness, rational-intellectualism, management of relationships, and accountability. However, before marriage, divorced women believed in logical criteria, which were retained after divorce.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that change in postmodern, unrealistic, and idealistic ideas about marital satisfaction and the tendency to accept the realities of marital relationship can play an effective role in preventing divorce.
Mediating Role of Relationship Attributions and Marital Forgiveness on the Relationship between Neuroticism, Attachment Styles and Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Kaveh Farsani Zabihollah
Published: October 2021

Aim: This research investigates mediating role of relationship attributions and marital forgiveness on the relationship between neuroticism, attachment styles and marital satisfaction.
Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational and used path analysis. Total of 240 male and females were selected among all married males and females in Shahrekord city using purposive sampling method according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. They responded to Quality of Marital Index (Norton), Relationship Attribution Measurement (Fincham & Bradbury), the Neuroticism Subscale (Costa & McCrae), Behavioual Systems Questionnaire (Furman & Wehner), Experiences in Close Relationship (Wei & et al), and Interpersonal Forgiving in Close Relationships (McCullough, & et al.).
Findings: The results showed that evaluated structural model had good fit. The relationship attributions, marital forgiveness, neuroticism, attachment styles directly affected the marital satisfaction (p<0.001); also indirect effect of attachment styles through relationship attributions and marital forgiveness on marital satisfaction (p<0.001). Finally, indirect effect of neuroticism of through only marital forgiveness on marital satisfaction.
Conclusion: Family counselors and psychologists should help couples whose lives have faced difficulties because of and/or attachment styles (avoidance) to eliminate distorted cognitions and promote forgiveness among them.