bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cardiovascular and cardiac functions by caveolins
Authors: An Ziyu , Tian Jinfan , Zhao Xin , Liu Libo , Yang Xueyao , Zhang Mingduo , Zhang Lijun , Song Xiantao
Published: April 2023

Caveolae are intracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 50 to 100 nm. The role of caveolins in mediating oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, fibrosis, and vascular remodeling has attracted increasing attention in cardiovascular therapy. Several studies have suggested that caveolin could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac and/or vascular injury via several pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite substantial advances in our understanding of the basic biology of vesicles over the past decade, the relevance and specific role of these mechanisms in cardiovascular homeostasis remains ambiguous. Here, we review the macroscopic role of caveolins in protecting cardiac function and, at the microscopic level, examine possible cardioprotective caveolar mechanisms, including their antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, autophagy‐regulatory, antifibrosis, and angiogenesis‐promoting properties. We believe that the role of caveolins in cardiac functioning has not been fully elucidated and is an important line of future research with several cardioprotective implications.
Land‐use intensification systematically alters the size structure of aquatic communities in the Neotropics
Authors: Collyer Giovanna , Perkins Daniel M. , Petsch Danielle K. , Siqueira Tadeu , Saito Victor
Published: April 2023

Land‐use and land‐cover transitions can affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in a myriad of ways, including how energy is transferred within food‐webs. Size spectra (i.e. relationships between body size and biomass or abundance) provide a means to assess how food‐webs respond to environmental stressors by depicting how energy is transferred from small to larger organisms. Here, we investigated changes in the size spectrum of aquatic macroinvertebrates along a broad land‐use intensification gradient (from Atlantic Forest to mechanized agriculture) in 30 Brazilian streams. We expected to find a steeper size spectrum slope and lower total biomass in more disturbed streams due to higher energetic expenditure in physiologically stressful conditions, which has a disproportionate impact on large individuals. As expected, we found that more disturbed streams had fewer small organisms than pristine forest streams, but, surprisingly, they had shallower size spectrum slopes, which indicates that energy might be transferred more efficiently in disturbed streams. Disturbed streams were also less taxonomically diverse, suggesting that the potentially higher energy transfer in these webs might be channelled via a few efficient trophic links. However, because total biomass was higher in pristine streams, these sites still supported a greater number of larger organisms and longer food chains (i.e. larger size range). Our results indicate that land‐use intensification decreases ecosystem stability and enhances vulnerability to population extinctions by reducing the possible energetic pathways while enhancing efficiency between the remaining food‐web linkages. Our study represents a step forward in understanding how land‐use intensification affects trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning in aquatic systems.
Assessing the efficiency and vulnerability of global liner shipping network
Authors: Xu Mengqiao , Zhu Yifan , Deng Wenhui , Shen Yihui , Li Tao
Published: April 2023

Global liner shipping network (GLSN) constitutes an essential part of global maritime supply chains, but it could be vulnerable to disruptions. This paper develops an integrated framework for assessing the efficiency and vulnerability of GLSN. Specifically, a novel efficiency metric is proposed to quantify the performance of GLSN, and the framework enables modeling different levels of port disruption scenarios. Results show that the overall GLSN is quite robust under the partial disruption scenario of any single port (or of any single country's ports), but the damage to different countries is highly heterogeneous. Under dismantling scenarios where the identified most critical ports (countries) are successively disrupted, the GLSN vulnerability increases non‐linearly with an increasing level of disruption. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to monitor and protect the identified critical ports (countries); especially, avoiding their simultaneously complete disruptions is of vital importance to the robust functionality of GLSN.
Impact of liver failure on the circulating extracellular vesicle miRNA repertoire
Authors: Mastoridis Sotiris , Patel Vishal , Christakoudi Sofia , Lozano Juan Jose , Salehi Siamak , Kurt Ada , Grossart Cathleen , Kodela Elisavet , Martinez‐Llordella Marc , Sanchez‐Fueyo Alberto
Published: April 2023

Background & aims

Cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) participate in cell–cell communication via the transfer of molecular cargo including selectively enriched microRNAs (miRNAs). Utilizing advances in sEV isolation and characterization, this study investigates the impact of liver injury and dysfunction on the circulating EV‐miRNA profile.

Methods

High‐throughput screening of 799 sEV‐miRNAs isolated from plasma was performed in patients across a spectrum of liver disorders including compensated and decompensated chronic liver disease, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF), and acute liver failure, in addition to healthy controls and those with severe sepsis. miRNA levels were compared with clinical and biochemical parameters, composite scores of liver disease, and patient outcomes.

Results

miRNA screening revealed the degree of hepatic dysfunction to be the main determinant of changes in circulating sEV‐miRNA profile, with liver‐specific miRNA‐122 being among the most highly dysregulated in severe injury. Principal components analyses of the 215 differentially expressed miRNAs showed differing profiles, particularly among those with acute liver injury and ACLF. A distinct profile of dysregulated miRNA, but not circulating cytokines, was shown to characterize ACLF, with four consensus miRNAs identified—miR‐320e, miR‐374‐5p, miR‐202‐3p, and miR‐1910‐5p. High miR‐320e was associated with poorer 90‐day survival (p = 0.014) and regulated the functional gene targets IK, RPS5, MANBAL, and PEBP1.

Conclusions

This first comprehensive analysis to the best of our knowledge of patients with varying degrees and stages of liver failure demonstrates miRNA profiles specifically within the sEV compartment to be significantly altered in progressive liver disease and highlights the diagnostic and prognostic potential of sEV‐miRNA in ACLF while also establishing downstream gene targets.
Deep learning‐based classification and spatial prognosis risk score on whole‐slide images of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ding Hanlin , Feng Yipeng , Huang Xing , Xu Jijing , Zhang Te , Liang Yingkuan , Wang Hui , Chen Bing , Mao Qixing , Xia Wenjie , Huang Xiaocheng , Xu Lin , Dong Gaochao , Jiang Feng
Published: April 2023

Aims

Classification of histological patterns in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is critical for clinical decision‐making, especially in the early stage. However, the inter‐ and intraobserver subjectivity of pathologists make the quantification of histological patterns varied and inconsistent. Moreover, the spatial information of histological patterns is not evident to the naked eye of pathologists.

Methods and results

We establish the LUAD‐subtype deep learning model (LSDLM) with optimal ResNet34 followed by a four‐layer Neural Network classifier, based on 40 000 well‐annotated path‐level tiles. The LSDLM shows robust performance for the identification of histopathological subtypes on the whole‐slide level, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.93, 0.96 and 0.85 across one internal and two external validation data sets. The LSDLM is capable of accurately distinguishing different LUAD subtypes through confusion matrices, albeit with a bias for high‐risk subtypes. It possesses mixed histology pattern recognition on a par with senior pathologists. Combining the LSDLM‐based risk score with the spatial K score (K‐RS) shows great capacity for stratifying patients. Furthermore, we found the corresponding gene‐level signature (AI‐SRSS) to be an independent risk factor correlated with prognosis.

Conclusions

Leveraging state‐of‐the‐art deep learning models, the LSDLM shows capacity to assist pathologists in classifying histological patterns and prognosis stratification of LUAD patients.
Petrogenesis of mafic rocks from northwest Iran (Piranshahr) and comparison with northeast Iraq ophiolites: Implications for slab window magmatism in an evolving Neotethys arc
Authors: Yazdani Maryam , Moazzen Mohssen , Oberhänsli Roland
Published: April 2023

The Piranshahr ophiolite is located in northwest Iran. The Mawat ophiolite in northeast Iraq is the western continuation of the Piranshahr ophiolite. The whole rock geochemistry of mafic rocks from the Piranshahr ophiolite (in the Gerdikavalan regions) is studied and compared with mafic rocks from the Mawat ophiolite in northeast Iraq (in the Hasanbag, Walash and Naopurdan regions). Two groups can be identified among the ophiolitic basalts in northwest Iran and northeast Iraq. The first one is represented by Late Cretaceous calc‐alkaline basalts, displaying typical active continental margin signatures and thought to have been derived from the melting of enriched mantle sources modified by continental crust and subduction fluids. The second group is characterized by Eocene–Oligocene tholeiitic basalts, displaying signatures intermediate between mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and oceanic island basalt (OIB) and back‐arc basin (BAB) like magmas and suggested to have been derived from the melting of mixed asthenospheric‐lithospheric mantle sources in a slab window. We propose that the subduction signature is acquired by interaction of the mantle advected through the slab window in the upper part of the subducting plate.
Random year intercepts in mixed models help to assess uncertainties in insect population trends
Authors: Weiss Fabio , von Wehrden Henrik , Linde Andreas
Published: April 2023

An increasing number of studies is investigating insect population trends based on time series data. However, the available data is often subject to temporal pseudoreplication. Inter‐annual variability of environmental conditions and strong fluctuations in insect abundances can impede reliable trend estimation. Temporal random effect structures in regression models have been proposed as solution for this issue, but remain controversial.

We investigated trends in ground beetle abundance across 24 years using generalised linear mixed models. We fitted four models: A base model, a model featuring a random year intercept, a model featuring basic weather parameters, and a model featuring both random year intercept and weather parameters. We then performed a simple sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness of the four models with respect to influential years, also testing for possible spurious baseline and snapshot effects.

The model structure had a significant impact on the overall magnitude of the estimated trends. However, we found almost no difference among the models in how the removal of single years (sensitivity analysis) relatively affected trend coefficients. The two models with a random year intercept yielded significantly larger confidence intervals and their p‐values were more sensitive during sensitivity analysis. Significant differences of the model with random year intercept and weather parameters to all other models suggest that the random year effects and specific weather effects are rather additive than interchangeable.

We conclude that random year intercepts help to produce more reliable and cautious uncertainty measures for insect population trends. Moreover, they might help to identify influential years in sensitivity analyses more easily. We recommend random year intercepts in addition to any variables representing temporally variable environmental conditions, such as weather variables.
Quantitative analysis of culturable bacteria, levels of endotoxins, inflammatory mediators and substance P in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and in teeth with vital normal pulp tissues
Authors: Arruda‐Vasconcelos R. , Chiarelli‐Neto V. M. , Louzada L. M. , Aveiro E. , Alves‐Silva E. G. , de‐Jesus‐Soares A. , Ferraz C. C. R. , Almeida J. F. A. , Marciano M. A. , Pecorari V. G. A. , Gomes B. P. F. A.
Published: April 2023

Aim

To comparatively analyse the levels of culturable bacteria, endotoxins (LPS), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and substance P in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and vital normal pulp (VNP) tissues.

Methodology

Thirty‐two patients were included (20 teeth with SIP and 12 teeth with VNP tissues) in this cross‐sectional study. Samples were collected from the full length of the root canals (microbial analysis) and periapical tissues (2 mm beyond the apex for immunological analysis), using sterile absorbent paper points. The levels of culturable bacteria (culture method), endotoxins (LAL Pyrogent 5000), TNF‐α, IL‐1β and substance P (ELISA) were assessed. The Mann–Whitney test was used for comparisons between the levels of CFU/mL, LPS, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and substance P in the SIP and VNP groups. The statistical analysis was performed with the significance level set at 5%.

Results

Culturable bacteria were recovered from all teeth with SIP. On the other hand, no positive cultures were observed in the VNP tissues group (p > .05). The levels of LPS were approximately four times higher in teeth with SIP than in teeth with VNP tissues (p < .05). Higher levels of TNF‐α and substance P were detected in teeth with SIP (p < .05). On the other hand, no difference in the levels of IL‐1β was detected between the two groups (p > .05).

Conclusion

Teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis present higher levels of culturable bacteria, endotoxins, TNF‐α and substance P than those with vital normal pulp tissues. On the other hand, the levels of IL‐1β were similar in teeth from both groups suggesting reduced implications of this inflammatory mediator in the early stages of infection.
RUNX1 promotes liver fibrosis progression through regulating TGF‐β signalling
Authors: Guo Zhaoyang , Liu Xinxin , Zhao Shulei , Sun Fengkai , Ren Wanhua , Ma Mingze
Published: April 2023

Liver fibrosis is caused by chronic liver injury. There are limited treatments for it, and the pathogenesis is unclear. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, and to try to identify new potential therapeutic targets. For this study we used the carbon tetrachloride abdominal injection induced liver fibrosis animal model in mice. Primary hepatic stellate cell isolation was performed by a density‐gradient separation method, and this was followed by immunofluorescence stain analyses. Signal pathway analysis was performed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. Our results showed that RUNX1 was upregulated in cirrhotic liver tissues compared with normal liver tissues. Besides, overexpression of RUNX1 caused more severe liver fibrosis lesions than control group under CCl4‐induced conditions. Moreover, α‐SMA expression in the RUNX1 overexpression group was significantly higher than in the control group. Interestingly, we found that RUNX1 could promote the activation of TGF‐β/Smads in a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Thus we demonstrated that RUNX1 could be considered as a new regulator of hepatic fibrosis by activating TGF‐β/Smads signalling. Based on this, we concluded that RUNX1 may be developed as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of liver fibrosis in the future. In addition, this study also provides a new insight about the aetiology of liver fibrosis.
Prevalence and correlates of advance care planning among Australian hospital inpatients
Authors: Panozzo Laura , Doherty Zakary , Leach Michael , Ward Bernadette
Published: April 2023

The prevalence and factors associated with advance care planning (ACP) documents for Australian public hospital inpatients were determined through cross‐sectional study of 123 Victorian hospitals between July 2016 and December 2018. Of the 611 786 included patients, 2.9% had an ACP document. Odds increased significantly in those comorbid, unpartnered, regional and >5 admissions, which supports future ACP conversations and document creation.
A ketogenic diet improves vascular hyperpermeability in type 2 diabetic mice by downregulating vascular pescadillo1 expression
Authors: Wang Song , Zhou Jielin , Lu Jing , Lin Yan , Liu Shuaishuai , Chen Keyang
Published: April 2023

The role of pescadillo1 (PES1) in regulating vascular permeability has been unknown. This study probes the role of PES1 and its mediated molecular mechanism in modulating vascular hyperpermeability in diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6J and db/db mice were fed a standard diet and a ketogenic diet (KD). Meanwhile, mouse vascular endothelial cells (MVECs) were treated with β‐hydroxybutyric acid (β‐HB), Pes1 siRNA or a Pes1 overexpression plasmid. Additionally, knockout (KO) of Pes1 in mice was applied. After 12 weeks of feedings, enhanced vascular PES1 expression in diabetic mice was inhibited by the KD. The suppression of PES1 was also observed in β‐HB‐treated MVECs. In mice with Pes1 KO, the levels of vascular VEGF and PES1 were attenuated, while the levels of vascular VE‐cadherin, Ang‐1 and Occludin were upregulated. Similar outcomes also occurred after the knockdown of Pes1 in cultured MVECs, which were opposite to the effects induced by PES1 overexpression in MVECs. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that high glucose concentration‐induced increases in vascular paracellular permeability declined after MVECs were treated by β‐HB or by knockdown of Pes1. In contrast, increases in vascular permeability were induced by overexpression of Pes1, which were suppressed by coadministration of β‐HB in cultured endothelial cells. Similarly declines in vascular permeability were found by Pes1 knockdown in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, β‐HB decreased PES1‐facilitated ubiquitination of VE‐cadherin. The KD suppressed the diabetes‐induced increase in PES1, which may result in vascular hyperpermeability through ubiquitination of VE‐cadherin in type 2 diabetic mice.
Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying flood‐related adaptive behaviors in the province of Québec, Canada
Authors: Jacob Johann , Valois Pierre , Tessier Maxime , Talbot Denis , Anctil François , Cloutier Geneviève , Renaud Jean‐Sébastien
Published: April 2023

Given that flooding episodes are occurring at a greater rate due to climate change, individuals must adopt certain adaptation behaviors to prevent or mitigate the anticipated or negative impact of such events. However, few studies have assessed if and how households and individuals have actually taken action in this regard. Because some individual beliefs can be linked to facilitating factors and barriers to action, a better understanding of the adoption of adaptive behaviors requires a combined analysis of individual psychosocial factors. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the reasons underlying the adoption of behaviors related to structural adaptation to flooding by people living in or near flood‐prone areas in the Province of Québec (Canada). Results of a series of structural equation modeling showed that behavioral, normative and control beliefs were all significant predictors of the respondents' intention to adopt structural flood protective behaviors, with normative beliefs being the strongest. By identifying the best psychosocial predictors of the adoption of such behaviors, the results of this study provide valuable insights regarding the most effective factors to be used in public health messages to promote the adoption of behaviors related to structural adaptation to flooding.
Prospective memory in early and established psychosis: An Indian perspective
Authors: Rao Pulijala Sulakshana , Rangaswamy Madhavi , Evans Jonathan , Dutt Anirban
Published: April 2023

Individuals affected by psychosis often have deficits in several neurocognitive functions. Prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to do things, is crucial for activities of daily living, social and occupational functioning, but very few studies have attempted to examine this domain of functioning in people with psychosis, particularly in India. A total of 71 patients with psychosis, (both early and established psychosis), and 140 age, gender and education‐matched healthy controls were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. PM was assessed using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Group differences were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Significantly greater cognitive deficits, higher anxiety and depression were evident in the psychosis group compared with controls. The psychosis group performed significantly poorer on both time‐ and event‐based tests in CAMPROMPT than controls. These differences remained when controlling for age, education, general cognitive functioning and mood. The subjective measure of PM (PRMQ) did not differentiate the two groups. The PM performance of early and established psychosis patients was similar. Comparisons with cross‐cultural data (PRMQ UK norms and CAMPROMPT and PRMQ Chinese data) revealed important differences in PM performance. Individuals with psychosis have significant deficits in both time‐ and event‐based PM. CAMPROMPT emerged as a more sensitive PM measure compared with PRMQ. Results from cross‐cultural comparisons underscore the need for cultural contextualization of assessments.
Acute vulvar ulcer as a possible adverse event of gene‐basedCOVID‐19 vaccines: A review of 14 cases
Authors: Kanetani Hiromi , Obuchi Tomoka , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Shozu Makio
Published: April 2023

Aim

To evaluate whether an acute vulvar ulcer that developed after the COVID‐19 vaccine administration is an adverse effect of the vaccine.

Methods

This is a descriptive study of two cases that we observed in addition to cases that have been reported in the literature. We searched for case reports in the PubMed. The consistency of clinical manifestations among cases and the association between ulceration and vaccination were assessed.

Results

Fourteen female patients were identified, including 12 patients from 8 literatures published in 2021 and 2022 and 2 patients from our cases. Of the 14 patients, 11 had received the BNT162b2 vaccine, 2 had received the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine, and one had received the mRNA‐1273 vaccine. The patient's ages were 16.9 ± 5.0 (mean ± SD) years. Postvaccination, the disease progressed in the following sequence (time interval from vaccination): fever and other systemic inflammatory reactions (0.9 ± 0.4 days), development of vulvar ulcers (2.4 ± 1.2 days), and resolution of the ulcer (16.9 ± 7.4 days). The ulcers eventually healed in all cases, except one where the prognosis was not noted. For two‐dose vaccine recipients, more patients developed the ulcer after the full vaccination (the second or third doses) compared with after the first dose:n = 10 andn = 2, respectively.

Conclusion

The acute vulvar ulcer was closely associated with COVID‐19 vaccination in terms of temporality and vaccine doses, supporting the notion that a vulvar ulcer is an adverse event of the COVID‐19 vaccines.
Physicians' knowledge of invasive fungal disease in China
Authors: Chen Yijian , Huang Xiaojun , Qiu Haibo , Cheng Linling , Yu Yunsong , Ma Xiaochun , Feng Sizhou , Li Qi , Wu Depei , Huang Wenxiang , Chen Dechang , Lv Xiaoju , Hu Jianda , Wang Jingbo , Li Jiabin , Yang Wenjie , Zhan Qingyuan , Sun Bing , Wang Minggui
Published: April 2023

Background

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data are lacking regarding physicians' perspectives on the diagnosis and management of IFD in China.

Objectives

To evaluate physicians' perspectives on the diagnosis and management of IFD.

Methods

Based on current guidelines, a questionnaire was designed and administered to 294 physicians working in haematology departments, intensive care units, respiratory departments and infectious diseases departments in 18 hospitals in China.

Results

The total score and subsection scores for invasive candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis (IA), cryptococcosis and invasive mucormycosis (IM) were 72.0 ± 12.2 (maximum = 100), 11.1 ± 2.7 (maximum = 19), 43.0 ± 7.8 (maximum = 57), 8.1 ± 2.0 (maximum = 11) and 9.8 ± 2.3 (maximum = 13), respectively. Although the perspectives of the Chinese physicians were in good overall agreement with guideline recommendations, some knowledge gaps were identified. Specific areas in which the physicians' perspectives and guideline recommendations differed included use of the β‐D‐glucan test to facilitate the diagnosis of IFD, relative utility of the serum galactomannan test and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan test in patients with agranulocytosis, use of imaging in the diagnosis of mucormycosis, risk factors for mucormycosis, indications for initiating antifungal therapy in patients with haematological malignancies, when to start empirical therapy in mechanically ventilated patients, first‐line drugs for mucormycosis and treatment courses for IA and IM.

Conclusion

This study highlights the main areas that could be targeted by training programs to improve the knowledge of physicians treating patients with IFD in China.
A Mixed Frequency BVAR for the Euro Area Labour Market*
Authors: Consolo Agostino , Foroni Claudia , Martínez Hernández Catalina
Published: April 2023

We introduce a Bayesian mixed frequency VAR model for the aggregate euro area labour market that features a structural identification via sign restrictions. The purpose of this paper is twofold: we aim at (i) providing reliable and timely forecasts of key labour market variables and (ii) enhancing the economic interpretation of the main movements in the labour market. We find satisfactory results in terms of nowcasting and forecasting, especially for employment growth. Furthermore, we look into the shocks that drove the labour market and macroeconomic dynamics from 2002 to 2022, with an insight also on the COVID‐19 recession. While demand shocks were the main drivers during the Global Financial Crisis, technology and wage bargaining factors, reflecting the degree of lockdown‐related restrictions and job retention schemes, have been important drivers of key labour market variables during the pandemic.
Chinese and Indian interpretations of pain: A qualitative evidence synthesis to facilitate chronic pain management
Authors: Lewis Gwyn N. , Shaikh Nusratnaaz , Wang Grace , Chaudhary Shikha , Bean Debbie J. , Terry Gareth
Published: April 2023

Objective

People from minority ethnicities often have a greater impact of chronic pain, are underrepresented at pain services, and may not benefit from treatment to the same extent as dominant cultures. The aim of this study was to review Indian and Chinese cultural views of pain and pain management, as a basis for improving management of chronic pain in migrant populations from these ethnicities.

Methods

A systematic review of qualitative studies addressing pain beliefs and experiences involving Indian and Chinese participants was conducted. Thematic synthesis was used to identify themes across the studies, and the quality of the articles was appraised.

Results

Twenty‐six articles were included, most of which were appraised as high quality. Five themes were identified: Making meaning of pain described the holistic interpretation of the meaning of pain; Pain is disabling and distressing described the marked physical, psychological, and spiritual impact of pain; Pain should be endured described the cultural expectation to suppress responses to pain and not be a burden; Pain brings strength and spiritual growth described the enrichment and empowerment some people experienced through living with pain, and Management of pain goes beyond a traditional or Western approach described the factors that guided people in their use of healthcare.

Discussion

The review identified a holistic interpretation and impact of pain in Indian and Chinese populations, with pain management guided by multiple factors that transcended a single cultural framework. Several strength‐based management strategies are recommended based on preferences for traditional treatments and respect for Western healthcare.
Recommendations to standardize patients' follow‐up after interventional procedures in chronic pain treatment: A Delphi study
Authors: de la Calle José Luis , Abejón David , Canós‐Verdecho Ángeles , Cid José , López Pais Pablo , Mareque María , de las Heras Ana , Casado Miguel Ángel , Álvarez María
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine, using the Delphi method, standardized recommendations for the follow‐up of patients undergoing an interventional procedure for the treatment of chronic pain in Spain.

Methods

First, a systematic literature review was performed to identify the literature on the management of patients with chronic pain undergoing interventional techniques; subsequently, a two‐round Delphi survey with 108 questions was conducted. The questionnaire was validated by a Scientific Committee (5 experts) and sent to 47 experts specialized in chronic pain. “Consensus” or “intermediate consensus” was determined when ≥ 75% or < 75% to ≥ 65% of the experts selected the same answer for each item, respectively. Then, a face‐to‐face deliberation process was held with the Scientific Committee to analyze and discuss the results.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 24 panelists (51%). Consensus was reached on 88.4% of the questions. The panelists identified pain, drug consumption, and quality of life as essential variables in the follow‐up of patients with chronic pain. Consensus was reached on most of the scales/questionnaires to be used in measuring outcomes during follow‐up, except for psychological status. Regarding the follow‐up frequency, in radicular spinal chronic pain, a consensus was reached on the first visit 1–2 months after the intervention, during the first year, at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and then every 6 months thereafter. For non‐radicular spinal chronic pain, the first visit 1–2 months after surgery was agreed upon, however, there was no consensus on follow‐up during the first year. For non‐spinal chronic pain, consensus was reached regarding the first visit at 1–2 months after surgery and during the first year at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. No consensus was reached on follow‐up frequency for oncological chronic pain. After receiving a permanent neurostimulator implant for chronic pain, the first visit was agreed upon at 1–3 weeks, during the first year, at 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and after, every 6 months. For intrathecal infusion, it was agreed that the first visit should occur during the first month, and thereafter whenever the pump requires a refill.

Conclusions

These findings provide recommendations in relation to the frequency of follow‐up and the scales to be used with chronic pain patients undergoing interventional techniques in Spain.
Online daters' reactions to sexually explicit initiation messages
Authors: Lilly Amanda E. , Buehler Emily M.
Published: April 2023

This study used expectancy violations theory and uses and gratifications theory to conduct an experiment investigating how the content of relationship initiation messages, recipients' gender, and recipients' motives for using online dating applications shape whether and how the initiation message violates recipients' expectations. Participants (N = 275) were recruited through an emergent adult population at a large Midwestern university and identified primarily as women (66.7%), heterosexual (79%), and white (64.5%). Participants were randomly assigned to imagine matching with someone through online dating who sent either a traditional greeting or sexually explicit content in their initial message. As predicted, receiving a sexually explicit message was more unexpected and perceived more negatively than receiving an ordinary greeting, but the intensity of that negative reaction was moderated by users' motives for using online dating apps and gender. Negative reactions to receiving sexually explicit content were amplified for women and individuals interested in long‐term relationships. Negative reactions were dampened for men and online daters interested in casual sexual relationships. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to expectancy violations theory and research on relationship initiation in online contexts.
Are electrophysiological correlates of response inhibition linked to impulsivity and compulsivity? A machine‐learning analysis of a Go/Nogo task
Authors: Dück Kerstin , Overmeyer Rebecca , Mohr Holger , Endrass Tanja
Published: April 2023

Heightened impulsivity and compulsivity are often found in association with both dysfunctional everyday behavior and with psychopathology. Impulsivity and compulsivity are also linked to alterations in behavioral response inhibition and its electrophysiological correlates. However, they are rarely examined jointly and their effect outside of clinical samples is still disputed. This study assesses the influence and interaction of impulsivity and compulsivity as measured by questionnaires (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, and Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory‐Revised) on behavioral performance and event‐related potentials (N2, P3a, and P3b) in a visual Go/Nogo task. Data from 250 participants from the general population (49% female; age M = 25.16, SD = 5.07) were collected. We used robust linear regression as well as regression tree analyses, a type of machine learning algorithm, to uncover potential non‐linear effects. We did not find any significant relationship between the self‐report measures and behavioral or neural inhibition effects in either type of analysis, with the exception of a linear effect of the lack of premeditation subscale of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale on behavioral performance. The current sample size was large enough to uncover even small effects. One possibility is that inhibitory performance was unimpaired in a non‐clinical sample, suggesting that the effect of these personality traits on inhibition and cognitive control may require a clinical sample or a more difficult task version. Further studies are needed to uncover possible associations and interactions to delineate when impulsivity and compulsivity lead to dysfunctional everyday behavior and psychopathology.
The norms of belief as the norms of commitment: A case for pluralism
Authors: Kazemi Alireza
Published: April 2023

Much of the discussion on the normativity of belief rests on the presupposition that there is a single fundamental truth norm governing belief that explains all of its normative features. Building on the committive conception of belief proposed by some normativists, this article takes issue with this presupposition. In particular, it is argued that belief, construed as cognitive commitment, is governed by three fundamental‐cum‐irreducible norms, which I call the “entitlement norm,” the “fulfillment norm” and the “escapability norm,” and it is shown that each of them concerns a particular normative feature of belief. Taken together, these norms can explain all the normative features of belief without leading to implausible consequences. The discussion also shows that the relationship between the truth norm and the evidence norm is more complicated than is usually conceded by normativists.
New or “normal” election? Understanding ranking activity in New York City's first ranked choice voting election
Authors: Wendland Jay , Carman Erin
Published: April 2023

Objective

Ranked choice voting [RCV] is currently seeing a spike in interest and is expanding in practice throughout the United States. However, the impacts and effects of RCV in the United States are not well understood and neither are the driving forces behind voters. engagement with it. This article explores what drives a voter's willingness to engage with ranking and to what extent.

Methods

We use New York City exit poll data to analyze what increased the likelihood of voters to both participate in any ranking activity whatsoever as well as what drove voters to rank several candidates. Using both logistic and ordinal logistic regression we analyze how a voter's engagement with ranking is impacted by their socioeconomic background, their understanding of RCV, and campaign‐centered variables.

Results

Our results show that wealthier, better educated, white voters who perceived a more positive campaign environment were more likely to engage in ranking. Gender, education, income, campaign tone, and being asked to rank a candidate as second or third are shown to be predictors of a voter's propensity to rank several candidates.

Conclusion

Voters engage with RCV when they are provided with information on how RCV works and the benefits that come with it. Voters who perceive a more positive campaign environment and are explicitly asked by candidates to include them in their rankings are more likely to maximize their ranking activity.

Practitioner Points

Ranked choice voting was successfully rolled out in NYC, but more voter education efforts are needed among minority voters.

Cultivating a more positive campaign environment can increase participation with ranking activity.

Candidates who ask voters to include them in their rankings, even if not the voter's first choice, are likely to be included in that voter's rankings.
Standardized reporting of pulmonary transfusion complications: Development of a model reporting form and flowchart
Authors: van Wonderen Stefan F. , Peters Anna L. , Grey Sharran , Rajbhandary Srijana , de Jonge Layla L. , Andrzejewski Chester , Narayan Shruthi , Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna C. , Vlaar Alexander P. J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Pulmonary complications of blood transfusion, including transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO), and transfusion‐associated dyspnea, are generally underdiagnosed and under‐reported. The international TRALI and TACO definitions have recently been updated. Currently, no standardized pulmonary transfusion reaction reporting form exists and most of the hemovigilance forms have not yet incorporated the updated definitions. We developed a harmonized reporting form, aimed at improved data collection on pulmonary transfusion reactions for hemovigilance and research purposes by developing a standardized model reporting form and flowchart.

Materials and Methods

Using a modified Delphi method among an international, multidisciplinary panel of 24 hemovigilance experts, detailed recommendations were developed for a standardized model reporting form for pulmonary complications of blood transfusion. Two Delphi rounds, including scoring systems, took place and several subsequent meetings were held to discuss issues and obtain consensus. Additionally, a flowchart was developed incorporating recently published redefinitions of pulmonary transfusion reactions.

Results

In total, 17 participants completed the first questionnaire (70.8% response rate) and 14 participants completed the second questionnaire (58.3% response rate). According to the results from the questionnaires, the standardized model reporting form was divided into various subcategories: general information, patient history and transfusion characteristics, reaction details, investigations, treatment and supportive care, narrative, and transfused product.

Conclusion

In this article, we present the recommendations from a global group of experts in the hemovigilance field. The standardized model reporting form and flowchart provide an initiative that may improve data collected to address pulmonary transfusion reactions.
Anti‐fibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid suppresses the endotoxin‐induced expression of Tnfα and Il1α genes in a plasmin‐independent manner
Authors: Kacer Doreen , Machnitzky Eva , Fung Angus , Greene Autumn , Carter Damien , Rappold Joseph , Prudovsky Igor
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used as an antifibrinolytic agent in hemorrhagic trauma patients. The beneficial effects of TXA exceed the suppression of blood loss and include the ability to decrease inflammation and edema. We found that TXA suppresses the release of mitochondrial DNA and enhances mitochondrial respiration. These results allude that TXA could operate through plasmin‐independent mechanisms. To address this hypothesis, we compared the effects of TXA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in plasminogen (Plg) null and Plg heterozygous mice.

Methods

Plg null and Plg heterozygous mice were injected with LPS and TXA or LPS only. Four hours later, mice were sacrificed and total RNA was prepared from livers and hearts. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with specific primers was used to assess the effects of LPS and TXA on the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.

Results

LPS enhanced the expression of Tnfα in the livers and hearts of recipient mice. The co‐injection of TXA significantly decreased the effect of LPS both in Plg null and heterozygous mice. A similar trend was observed with LPS‐induced Il1α expression in hearts and livers.

Conclusions

The effects of TXA on the endotoxin‐stimulated expression of Tnfα and Il1α in mice do not depend on the inhibition of plasmin generation. These results indicate that TXA has other biologically important target(s) besides plasminogen/plasmin. Fully understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the extensive beneficial effects of TXA and future identification of its targets may lead to improvement in the use of TXA in trauma, cardiac, and orthopedic surgical patients.
Measuring the input rank in global supply networks
Authors: Rungi Armando , Fattorini Loredana , Huremović Kenan
Published: April 2023

We introduce the Input Rank as a network measure of relevance of direct and indirect suppliers in Global Value Chains. We conceive an intermediate input to be more relevant for a downstream buyer if a negative shock to that input's productivity affects that buyer more. In particular, in our framework, the relevance of any input depends on: (i) the network position of the supplier relative to the buyer, (ii) the patterns of intermediate input intensities connecting the buyer and the supplier, and (iii) the competitive pressures along supply chains. After we compute the Input Rank from both the U.S. and the world input–output tables, we provide useful insights into the crucial role of services inputs as well as on the relatively higher relevance of domestic suppliers, and suppliers coming from regionally integrated partners. Finally, we test that the Input Rank is a good predictor of vertical integration choices made by 20,489 U.S. parent companies controlling 154,836 subsidiaries worldwide.
A New One-Parameter Size-Biased Poisson Distribution for Modelling Underdispersed Count Data
Authors: Mohd Tajuddin Razik Ridzuan , Ismail Noriszura
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes a new one-parameter discrete distribution for positive count data, named underdispersed size-biased Poisson distribution, as an alternative to modeling underdispersed positive count data. Several properties and measures are presented, such as moments about origins, variance, skewness, kurtosis, index of dispersion, coefficient of variation, and recurrence relationship. Estimators are also developed based on two estimation techniques, i.e., maximum likelihood and moment method. It was found that both estimation techniques yield an identical estimator, which is unique, positively biased, consistent, and asymptotically normal. Finally, a dataset is fitted to the proposed distribution to verify the ability of the proposed distribution to explain the real dataset with a comparison to two known size-biased distributions.
Second Hankel Determinant of Bi-univalent Functions
Authors: Shu Huey Kiu , Janteng Aini , Janteng Jaludin , Liew Pik Hern Andy
Published: April 2023

Let  be the class of functions which are analytic in the open unit disk and having the form . Denote  to be the class for all functions in  that are univalent in . Then, let  denote the class of bi-univalent functions in . In this paper, we obtain the second Hankel determinant for certain classes of analytic bi-univalent function which are defined by subordinations in the open unit disk . In particular, we determine the initial coefficients  and  and obtained the upper bound for the functional  of functions  in the classes of analytic bi-univalent function which are defined by subordinations in .
Numerical Simulation on Three-Dimensional Printed Submerged Temephos Larvicide Dispenser for Dengue Prevention
Authors: Abdul Raman Norazmein , Ab Rashid Amir Mustakim , Ismail Norjihada Izzah , Mualif Siti Aisyah , Ramlee Muhammad Hanif
Published: April 2023

Implementation of computer simulation analysis of proposed Temephos submerged dispensers designated as “Floater 1” and “Floater 2” presented in this study contributes to a body of research on the types of interventions used to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. Floaters 1 and 2 are known as cage and cylindrical design, respectively. Modal analysis conducted on both design enabled the authors to further understand and visualize the deformation and stress distribution which correspond to natural frequency of each design. Obtained natural frequency of these dispensers could avoid destructive frequencies caused by external loads acting on both designs. Furthermore, costs related to destructive testing and manufacturing defects would literally be avoided. Hence, a more robust and affordable mosquito control product will potentially be materialized. Combined usage of these submerged dispensers made of polylactic acid (PLA), an environmentally friendly plastic printed via 3D printing with reused or recycled plastic material will gain a widespread use and contribute to the environmental sustainability.
Sums of distances on graphs and embeddings into Euclidean space
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan
Published: April 2023

Let be a finite, connected graph. We consider a greedy selection of vertices: given a list of vertices , take to be any vertex maximizing the sum of distances to the vertices already chosen and iterate, keep adding the “most remote” vertex. The frequency with which the vertices of the graph appear in this sequence converges to a set of probability measures with nice properties. The support of these measures is, generically, given by a rather small number of vertices . We prove that this suggests that the graph G is, in a suitable sense, “m‐dimensional” by exhibiting an explicit 1‐Lipschitz embedding with good properties.