bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An HST Survey of Protostellar Outflow Cavities: Does Feedback Clear Envelopes?
Authors: Habel Nolan M. , Thomas Megeath S. , Jon Booker Joseph , Fischer William J. , Kounkel Marina , Poteet Charles , Furlan Elise , Stutz Amelia , Manoj P. , Tobin John J. , Nagy Zsofia , Pokhrel Riwaj , Watson Dan
Published: April 2021

We study protostellar envelope and outflow evolution using Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS or WFC3 images of 304 protostars in the Orion molecular clouds. These near-IR images resolve structures in the envelopes delineated by the scattered light of the central protostars with 80 au resolution, and they complement the 1.2 μm to 870 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) obtained with the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey program. Based on their 1.60 μm morphologies, we classify the protostars into five categories: nondetections, point sources without nebulosity, bipolar cavity sources, unipolar cavity sources, and irregulars. We find point sources without associated nebulosity are the most numerous, and show through monochromatic Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling that this morphology occurs when protostars are observed at low inclinations or have low envelope densities. We also find that the morphology is correlated with the SED-determined evolutionary class, with Class 0 protostars more likely to be nondetections, Class I protostars to show cavities, and flat-spectrum protostars to be point sources. Using an edge detection algorithm to trace the projected edges of the cavities, we fit power laws to the resulting cavity shapes, thereby measuring the cavity half-opening angles and power-law exponents. We find no evidence for the growth of outflow cavities as protostars evolve through the Class I protostar phase, in contradiction with previous studies of smaller samples. We conclude that the decline of mass infall with time cannot be explained by the progressive clearing of envelopes by growing outflow cavities. Furthermore, the low star formation efficiency inferred for molecular cores cannot be explained by envelope clearing alone.
The TeV Cosmic-Ray Bump: A Message from the Epsilon Indi or Epsilon Eridani Star?
Authors: Malkov Mikhail A. , Moskalenko Igor V.
Published: April 2021

A recently observed bump in the cosmic-ray (CR) spectrum from 0.3 to 30 TV is likely caused by a stellar bow shock that reaccelerates preexisting CRs, which further propagate to the Sun along the magnetic field lines. Along their way, these particles generate an Iroshnikov–Kraichnan (I-K) turbulence that controls their propagation and sustains the bump. Ad hoc fitting of the bump shape requires six adjustable parameters. Our model requires none, merely depending on three physical unknowns that we constrain using the fit. These are the shock Mach number, M, its size, l
⊥, and the distance to it, ζ
obs. Altogether, they define the bump rigidity R
0. With M ≈ 1.5–1.6 and R
0 ≈ 4.4 TV, the model fits the data with ≈0.08% accuracy. The fit critically requires the I-K spectrum predicted by the model and rules out the alternatives. These attributes of the fit make an accidental agreement highly unlikely. In turn, the R
0 and M derived from the fit impose the distance−size relation on the shock: ζ
obs(pc) ∼

. For sufficiently large bow shocks, l
⊥ = 10−3−10−2 pc, we find the distance of ζ
obs = 3–10 pc. Three promising stars in this range are the Scholz’s Star at 6.8 pc, Epsilon Indi at 3.6 pc, and Epsilon Eridani at 3.2 pc. Based on their current positions and velocities, we propose that Epsilon Indi and Epsilon Eridani can produce the observed spectral bump. Moreover, Epsilon Eridani’s position is only ∼67 off of the magnetic field direction in the solar neighborhood, which also changes the CR arrival direction distribution. Given the proximity of these stars, the bump appearance may change in a relatively short time.
Time Delay of Mg ii Emission Response for the Luminous Quasar HE 0435-4312: toward Application of the High-accretor Radius–Luminosity Relation in Cosmology
Authors: Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Martinez–Aldama Mary Loli , Rałowski Mateusz , Olejak Aleksandra , Przyłuski Robert , Panda Swayamtrupta , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Śniegowska Marzena , Naddaf Mohammad-Hassan , Prince Raj , Pych Wojtek , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Sobrino Figaredo Catalina , Haas Martin , Średzińska Justyna , Krupa Magdalena , Kurcz Agnieszka , Udalski Andrzej , Karas Vladimír , Sarna Marek , Worters Hannah L. , Sefako Ramotholo R. , Genade Anja
Published: April 2021

Using six years of spectroscopic monitoring of the luminous quasar HE 0435-4312 (z = 1.2231) with the Southern African Large Telescope, in combination with photometric data (CATALINA, OGLE, SALTICAM, and BMT), we determined a rest-frame time delay of

days between the Mg ii broad-line emission and the ionizing continuum using seven different time-delay inference methods. Time-delay artifact peaks and aliases were mitigated using the bootstrap method and prior weighting probability function, as well as by analyzing unevenly sampled mock light curves. The Mg ii emission is considerably variable with a fractional variability of ∼5.4%, which is comparable to the continuum variability (∼4.8%). Because of its high luminosity (L
3000 = 1046.4 erg s−1), the source is beneficial for a further reduction of the scatter along the Mg ii-based radius–luminosity relation and its extended versions, especially when the highly accreting subsample that has an rms scatter of ∼0.2 dex is considered. This opens up the possibility of using the high-accretor Mg ii-based radius–luminosity relation for constraining cosmological parameters. With the current sample of 27 reverberation-mapped sources, the best-fit cosmological parameters (Ωm, ΩΛ) = (0.19; 0.62) are consistent with the standard cosmological model within the 1σ confidence level.
More Variable Quasars Have Stronger Emission Lines
Authors: Kang Wen-Yong , Wang Jun-Xian , Cai Zhen-Yi , Ren Wen-Ke
Published: April 2021

UV/optical variation, likely driven by accretion disk turbulence, is a defining characteristic of type 1 active galactic nuclei and quasars. In this work we investigate an interesting consequence of such turbulence using quasars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 for which the measurements of the UV/optical variability amplitude are available from ∼10 yr long light curves. We discover positive correlations between the UV/optical variability amplitude σ
rms and equivalent widths of C iv, Mg ii, and [O iii]5007 emission lines. Such correlations remain statistically robust through partial correlation analyses, i.e., after controlling the effects of other variables including bolometric luminosity, central supermassive black hole mass, Eddington ratio, and redshift. This, for the first time, indicates a causal link between disk turbulence and emission line production. We propose two potential underlying mechanisms, both of which may be involved: (1) quasars with stronger disk turbulence have on average a bluer/harder broadband spectral energy distribution, an expected effect of the disk thermal fluctuation model; (2) stronger disk turbulence could lead to the launch of emission line regions with larger covering factors.
Neutral versus Ion Line Widths in Barnard 5: Evidence for Penetration by Magnetohydrodynamic Waves
Authors: Pineda Jaime E. , Schmiedeke Anika , Caselli Paola , Stahler Steven W. , Frayer David T. , Church Sarah E. , Harris Andrew I.
Published: April 2021

Dense cores are the final place where turbulence is dissipated. It has been proposed from theoretical arguments that the nonthermal velocity dispersion should be narrower both for molecular ions (compared to neutrals) and for transitions with higher critical densities. To test these hypotheses, we compare the velocity dispersion of

(1–0) (

 = 6 × 104

) and

(

 = 2 × 103

), in the dense core Barnard 5. We analyze well-resolved and high signal-to-noise observations of

(1,1) and (2,2) obtained with combining Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and Very Large Array (VLA) data, and

(1–0) obtained with GBT Argus, which present a similar morphology. Surprisingly, the nonthermal velocity dispersion of the ion is systematically higher than that of the neutral by 20%. The derived sonic Mach number,

, has peak values

and

for

and

, respectively. This observed difference may indicate that the magnetic field even deep within the dense core is still oscillating, as it is in the turbulent region outside the core. The ions should be more strongly dynamically coupled to this oscillating field than the neutrals, thus accounting for their broader line width. If corroborated by further observations, this finding would shed additional light on the transition to quiescence in dense cores.
A Coplanar Circumbinary Protoplanetary Disk in the TWA 3 Triple M Dwarf System
Authors: Czekala Ian , Ribas Álvaro , Cuello Nicolás , Chiang Eugene , Macías Enrique , Duchêne Gaspard , Andrews Sean M. , Espaillat Catherine C.
Published: April 2021

We present sensitive ALMA observations of TWA 3, a nearby, young (∼10 Myr) hierarchical system composed of three pre-main-sequence M3–M4.5 stars. For the first time, we detected 12CO and 13CO J = 2–1 emissions from the circumbinary protoplanetary disk around TWA 3A. We jointly fit the protoplanetary disk velocity field, stellar astrometric positions, and stellar radial velocities to infer the architecture of the system. The Aa and Ab stars (0.29 ± 0.01 M
⊙ and 0.24 ± 0.01 M
⊙, respectively) comprising the tight (P = 35 days) eccentric (e = 0.63 ± 0.01) spectroscopic binary are coplanar with their circumbinary disk (misalignment <6° with 68% confidence), similar to other short-period binary systems. From models of the spectral energy distribution, we found the inner radius of the circumbinary disk (r
inner = 0.50–0.75 au) to be consistent with theoretical predictions of dynamical truncation r
cav/a
inner ≈ 3. The outer orbit of the tertiary star B (0.40 ± 0.28 M
⊙, a ∼ 65 ± 18 au, e = 0.3 ± 0.2) is not as well constrained as the inner orbit; however, orbits coplanar with the A system are still preferred (misalignment < 20°). To better understand the influence of the B orbit on the TWA 3A circumbinary disk, we performed SPH simulations of the system and found that the outer edge of the gas disk (r
outer = 8.5 ± 0.2 au) is most consistent with truncation from a coplanar, circular, or moderately eccentric orbit, supporting the preference from the joint orbital fit.
GASP XXXIV: Unfolding the Thermal Side of Ram Pressure Stripping in the Jellyfish Galaxy JO201
Authors: Campitiello M. Giulia , Ignesti Alessandro , Gitti Myriam , Brighenti Fabrizio , Radovich Mario , Wolter Anna , Tomičić Neven , Bellhouse Callum , Poggianti Bianca M. , Moretti Alessia , Vulcani Benedetta , Jaffé Yara L. , Paladino Rosita , Müller Ancla , Fritz Jacopo , Lourenço Ana C. C. , Gullieuszik Marco
Published: April 2021

X-ray studies of jellyfish galaxies play a crucial role in understanding the interactions between the interstellar medium (ISM) and the intracluster medium (ICM). In this paper, we focused on the jellyfish galaxy JO201. By combining archival Chandra observations, Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer Hα cubes, and maps of the emission fraction of the diffuse ionized gas, we investigated both its high-energy spectral properties and the spatial correlation between its X-ray and optical emissions. The X-ray emission of JO201 is provided by both the Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (L

 = 2.7 · 1041 erg s−1, not corrected for intrinsic absorption) and an extended component (L

1.9–4.5 · 1041 erg s−1) produced by a warm plasma (kT

keV), whose luminosity is higher than expected from the observed star formation (L

3.8 · 1040erg s−1). The spectral analysis showed that the X-ray emission is consistent with the thermal cooling of hot plasma. These properties are similar to the ones found in other jellyfish galaxies showing extended X-ray emission. A point-to-point analysis revealed that this X-ray emission closely follows the ISM distribution, whereas CLOUDY simulations proved that the ionization triggered by this warm plasma would be able to reproduce the [O i]/Hα excess observed in JO201. We conclude that the galactic X-ray emitting plasma originates on the surface of the ISM as a result of the ICM–ISM interplay. This process would entail the cooling and accretion of the ICM onto the galaxy, which could additionally fuel the star formation, and the emergence of [O i]/Hα excess in the optical spectrum.
Outflows from Super Star Clusters in the Central Starburst of NGC 253
Authors: Levy Rebecca C. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Leroy Adam K. , Emig Kimberly L. , Gorski Mark , Krieger Nico , Lenkić Laura , Meier David S. , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Ott Jürgen , Rosolowsky Erik , Tarantino Elizabeth , Veilleux Sylvain , Walter Fabian , Weiß Axel , Zwaan Martin A.
Published: April 2021

Young massive clusters play an important role in the evolution of their host galaxies, and feedback from the high-mass stars in these clusters can have profound effects on the surrounding interstellar medium. The nuclear starburst in the nearby galaxy NGC 253 at a distance of 3.5 Mpc is a key laboratory in which to study star formation in an extreme environment. Previous high-resolution (1.9 pc) dust continuum observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) discovered 14 compact, massive super star clusters (SSCs) still in formation. We present here ALMA data at 350 GHz with 28 mas (0.5 pc) resolution. We detect blueshifted absorption and redshifted emission (P-Cygni profiles) toward three of these SSCs in multiple lines, including CS 7−6 and H13CN 4−3, which represent direct evidence for previously unobserved outflows. The mass contained in these outflows is a significant fraction of the cluster gas masses, which suggests we are witnessing a short but important phase. Further evidence of this is the finding of a molecular shell around the only SSC visible at near-IR wavelengths. We model the P-Cygni line profiles to constrain the outflow geometry, finding that the outflows must be nearly spherical. Through a comparison of the outflow properties with predictions from simulations, we find that none of the available mechanisms completely explains the observations, although dust-reprocessed radiation pressure and O star stellar winds are the most likely candidates. The observed outflows will have a very substantial effect on the clusters’ evolution and star formation efficiency.
Emerging Dimming as Coronal Heating Episodes
Authors: Payne Anna V. , Sun 孙 Xudong 旭东
Published: April 2021

Emerging dimming occurs in isolated solar active regions (ARs) during the early stages of magnetic flux emergence. Observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, it features a rapid decrease in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emission in the 171 Å channel images, and a simultaneous increase in the 211 Å images. Here, we analyze the coronal thermodynamic and magnetic properties to probe its physical origin. We calculate the time-dependent differential emission measures for a sample of 18 events between 2010 and 2012. The emission measure (EM) decrease in the temperature range

is well correlated with the EM increase in

over eight orders of magnitude. This suggests that the coronal plasma is being heated from the quiet-Sun, sub-MK temperature to 1–2 MK, more typical for ARs. Potential field extrapolation indicates significant change in the local magnetic connectivity: the dimming region is now linked to the newly emerged flux via longer loops. We conclude that emerging dimming is likely caused by coronal heating episodes, powered by reconnection between the emerging and the ambient magnetic fields.
Planck Cold Clumps in the λ Orionis Complex. III. A Chemical Probe of Stellar Feedback on Cores in the λ Orionis Cloud
Authors: Yi Hee-Weon , Lee Jeong-Eun , Kim Kee-Tae , Liu Tie , Lim Beomdu , Tatematsu Ken’ichi ,   JCMT Large Program “SCOPE” collaboration
Published: April 2021

Massive stars have a strong impact on their local environments. However, how stellar feedback regulates star formation is still under debate. In this context, we studied the chemical properties of 80 dense cores in the Orion molecular cloud complex composed of the Orion A (39 cores), B (26 cores), and λ Orionis (15 cores) clouds using multiple molecular line data taken with the Korean Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network 21 m telescopes. The λ Orionis cloud has an H ii bubble surrounding the O-type star λ Ori, and hence it is exposed to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation field of the massive star. The abundances of C2H and HCN, which are sensitive to UV radiation, appear to be higher in the cores in the λ Orionis cloud than in those in the Orion A and B clouds, while the HDCO to H2CO abundance ratios show the opposite trend, indicating warmer conditions in the λ Orionis cloud. The detection rates of dense gas tracers such as the N2H+, HCO+, and H13CO+ lines are also lower in the λ Orionis cloud. These chemical properties imply that the cores in the λ Orionis cloud are heated by UV photons from λ Ori. Furthermore, the cores in the λ Orionis cloud do not show any statistically significant excess in the infall signature of HCO+ (1–0), unlike those in the Orion A and B clouds. Our results support the idea that feedback from massive stars impacts star formation in a negative way by heating and evaporating dense materials, as in the λ Orionis cloud.
Which is the Prognostic Value of the Mini Mental State Examination Test in Surgical Oncology?
Authors: Nikova Alexandrina , Vlotinou Penelope , Karanikas Michael , Tsoleridis Тheofilos , Bakalinis Emmanuil , Tselepidis Vasilios , Ntatsis Konstantinos
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Cancer patients are usually subjected to numerous surgeries during their course of treatment. Recent studies suggest that anesthetic drugs such as propofol, benzodiazepines, and opioids are linked to cognitive impairment.

Aim: The aim of the study was to show and compare the cognitive function of oncology patients who have undergone surgery and have been sedated with propofol, fentanyl and benzodiazepines.

Materials and methods: In order to determine whether the cognition of oncological patients is being impaired, a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test was obtained 6 to 24 hours pre- and postoperatively for the duration of one month from 8 eligible oncological patients and 7 non-oncological ones. Afterwards, the data were statistically processed with SPSS version 25.0 (Chicago, Ill. the USA).

Results: The analysis shows that there is statistically significant difference in the preoperative MMSE scores between oncological and non-oncological patients. 

Conclusions: Oncological patients compound a sensitive group for cognitive dysfunction, and indeed, MMSE test could be useful for cognitive evaluation. The present sample, however, is small, and the results could not be generalized. Therefore a more extensive study is needed.
Unexpected hearing improvement after treatment with valganciclovir in a child with congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Palma Silvia , Mazzoni Laura , Roversi Maria Federica , Botti Cecilia , Monzani Daniele , Berardi Alberto , Genovese Elisabetta
Published: April 2021

A 32-week preterm-born male with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection was treated with valganciclovir. He was also affected by congenital severe bilateral hearing loss and, unexpectedly, a normalization of the hearing threshold was reached at one year of age. The improvement of hearing level in relationship with both the late development of the auditory system and the administration of antiviral therapy is discussed. This case also highlights the importance of early diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus associated with close follow-up.
Final fusion in a complex of surgical treatment for early onset scoliosis
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy Mikhail V. , Ryabykh Sergey O. , Suzdalov Vasiliy A. , Filatov Egor Y. , Savin Dmitry M. , Chernyadieva Maria A. , Alshevskaya Alina A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is one of the most challenging problems of spine surgery and includes staged distraction and final fusion at the end of skeletal maturity that remains debatable.

Aim: The objective of the review is to evaluate the efficacy of final fusion following staged distraction with VEPTR instrumentation in patients with EOS.

Materials and methods: Outcomes of multi-staged operative treatment of 37 patients with EOS of different etiology were reviewed. Medical records and radiographs of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Standing postero-anterior and lateral spine radiographs were used for the spinal radiologic assessment before and after each stage of distraction-based treatment, before and after final fusion and at the last follow-up.

Results: The mean age of patients at baseline was 5.2 years and the mean age at final fusion was 13.9 years. All patients demonstrated decrease in the angle of primary (from 81.5° to 51.6°) and secondary (from 59.3° to 37.8°) curves, increase of the height and normalized body balance. The mean height increased from 104.8 cm to 141.0 cm, and the mean weight increased from 15 kg to 35 kg throughout the treatment period. The height of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra (Th1-S1) increased from 245 mm to 340 mm, and that of the thoracic vertebra – from 136 mm to 193 mm. There was a mean of 2.3 complications per patient during distraction performed in a staged manner, and they were arrested during elective procedures. There were 7 (19%) complications after final fusion that required 6 (16%) unplanned revisions. Radiologic evidence of spontaneous autofusion was seen in the lumbar spine of the patients with the inferior anchor at the lumbar vertebra.

Conclusions: Multi-staged pediatric surgeries performed in the first decade of life facilitate radical changes in the natural history of progressive scoliosis and ensure satisfactory functional and cosmetic results despite multiple difficulties and complications. The VEPTR instrumentation used for the thoracic curve is unlikely to result in the spinal fusion of the major arch and this is the cause for the use of third-generation instrumented final spinal fusion in the patients. 
A switching feedback control approach for persistence of managed resources
Authors: Franco Daniel , Guiver Chris , Smith Phoebe , Townley Stuart
Published: April 2021

An adaptive switching feedback control scheme is proposed for classes of discrete-time, positive difference equations, or systems of equations. In overview, the objective is to choose a control strategy which ensures persistence of the state, consequently avoiding zero which corresponds to absence or extinction. A robust feedback control solution is proposed as the effects of different management actions are assumed to be uncertain. Our motivating application is to the conservation of dynamic resources, such as populations, which are naturally positive quantities and where discrete and distinct courses of management actions, or control strategies, are available. The theory is illustrated with examples from population ecology.
Inverse obstacle scattering for acoustic waves in the time domain
Authors: Zhao Lu , Dong Heping , Ma Fuming
Published: April 2021

This paper concerns an inverse acoustic scattering problem which is to determine the location and shape of a rigid obstacle from time domain scattered field data. An efficient convolution quadrature method combined with nonlinear integral equation method is proposed to solve the inverse problem. In particular, replacing the classic Fourier transform with the convolution quadrature method for time discretization, the boundary integral equations for the Helmholtz equation with complex wave numbers can be obtained to guarantee the numerically approximate causality property of the scattered field under some condition. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
TIMING FOR STEP-DOWN THERAPY OF CANDIDEMIA IN NON-NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CENTER STUDY
Authors: Husni Rola , Chrabieh Remie , Wilson Dib Rita , Vazquez, MD Jose , Guimarães Thaís , Fernández Ana , Khoury Rita , Asmar Lina , Khazen Georges , Samaha Nadia Lara , Raad Issam , Hachem Ray
Published: April 2021

Background: Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) remains one of the leading causes of BSI in critically ill and immunosuppressed cancer patients. In light of the changing epidemiology and rising resistant species, duration of treatment and appropriate timing of stepdown therapy from intravenous (IV) to oral antifungal agents are crucial for utmost disease control and overall survival.

Method: We performed a multicenter retrospective study, with 119 non-neutropenic patients enrolled from four different medical institutions in Brazil, Lebanon ,Spain and the United States, to assess the duration of IV therapy and appropriate time to step down to oral therapy in adult patients, 14 years of age and older, with documented candidemia. The analysis was done using the statistical program R and SAS v9.4. Descriptive statistics are presented as frequencies and tables and the Fisher exact test was used to test the association between the categorical variables: organism, cancer, country, antifungal drug and duration of therapy, and time of step-down.

Results: Candida albicans contributed to 45% bloodstream infection versus 55% infection caused Candida non-albicans. The three most common Candida non-albicans are: Candida glabrata 24%, Candida parapsilosis 13% and Candida tropicalis 8%. Most (57%) of the patients were admitted to ICU whereas 52% had underlying malignancy. Multivariate analysis showed that a stay at ICU or an underlying cancer requiring chemotherapy were independently associated with failure and death (p <0.001). The average total duration of therapy was 14 days in all patients and 16 days in those who responded and survived. There were 45 patients who were stepped down to either fluconazole and/or voriconazole in association with clinical and microbiologic resolution of the candidemia. The average (and median) day of step down was 5 days. Patients who had a stepdown had more successful outcomes (78% survival) as compared to those with no stepdown (56% survival) (P = 0.022). However, the 20 patients who received 1-4 days of first IV treatment before a stepdown to oral azoles had a comparable outcome (20% mortality) to the 25 patients who received >5 days of treatment (24% mortality - p = 0.75).

Conclusion:

Our data support the IDSA guidelines in that the total duration of treatment for candidemia should be at least 14 days after a negative blood culture. However, in non-neutropenic cancer patients with candidemia, a step down to oral azole therapy can safely take place early (within 4 days of initiating IV therapy) as long as the patient had clinical and microbiologic resolution of the bloodstream infections.
Effect of Photoperiod Manipulation on Spawning Time and Performance of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Polat Hamza , Ozturk Rafet Cagri , Terzi Yahya , Aydin Ilhan , Kucuk Ercan
Published: April 2021

Temperature and photoperiod are known as the main stimuli of seasonal reproduction in fish. Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a spring spawning teleost fish species with a promising aquaculture potential and high market value. This study was conducted to assess the effect of photoperiod manipulation on spawning time and spawning performance of turbot. A total of 28 mature turbots from the Black Sea population were subjected to manipulated photoperiod (a photoperiod regime that fish would naturally receive three months later) and natural photoperiod for almost a year. While the fish exposed to natural photoperiod spawned in May, the fish exposed to manipulated photoperiod spawned almost three months earlier compared to the natural photoperiod group. Reproductive and hatchery performance of the manipulated photoperiod and natural photoperiod groups were similar. It can be emphasized that photoperiod play an important role in accelerating maturation and spawning. The findings of this study could be implemented in the turbot aquaculture industry to advance production.
EMPRENDIMIENTO Y PLAN DE NEGOCIO PARA INICIAR UNA HELADERÍA VEGANA EN EL CANTÓN PORTOVIEJO, ECUADOR
Authors: Verduga-Pino Alexandra María
Published: April 2021

Se presentan los aspectos claves de un Plan de Negocios con aplicación práctica para pequeños emprendimientos, que a diferencia de los planes para medianas y grandes empresas exigen un nivel de preparación, recursos y tecnologías que representan seria ilimitaciones para la microempresa. Las alianzas con universidades y entidades locales de apoyo al emprendimiento facilitan la preparación de los planes de negocios. Teniendo como base las oportunidades identificadas en el mercado de helados artesanales en Ecuador y en particular en Portoviejo, así como las tendencias al consumo de productos más sanos. El objetivo del proyecto es la elaboración y venta de helados nutritivos y que no contenga ningún derivado o aditivo de origen animal, es decir helados veganos y para personas con intolerancia a la lactosa. Se realizaron estudios del mercado local, la valoración de los aspectos técnicos e identificación de los equipos necesarios para la inversión. Además, se elaboró el plan de mercadotecnia para el lanzamiento inicial y por último se validó desde el punto de vista económico financiero la factibilidad del proyecto. El mismo va a tener impactos en la diversidad comercial de la comunidad, el empleo femenino y la alimentación sana de la población, en particular las que tienen riesgos particulares de salud.

Palabras claves: plan de negocio, helados veganos, emprendimiento.
JINNAH'S VISION: AN INDIVISIBLE PAKISTANI NATIONHOOD
Authors:   UNESCO's History of Humanity., al Mujahid Sharif al Mujahid
Published: April 2021

Quaid-i-Azam Muhamamd Ali Jinnah's vision envisaged a democratic country based on the tenets of Islam. His invocation of Islam was not to arouse clerics to mistake it for theocracy. Jinnah earnestly thought that Islam and its idealism had taught Indian Muslims the virtues of democracy as it envisioned equality, justice and fair play to everybody. In his broadcast to the USA in Feb 1948 he had hoped that the Pakistan constitution would be of "a democratic type; embodying the essential principles of Islam". He reaffirmed emphatically that Pakistan was not going to be a theocratic state- to be ruled by priests with a divine mission. Even the Objectives Resolution (1949), moved by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, recognized not the followers of a particular faith, but the people- all the people irrespective of whatever faith they may follow. It is a pity that the Objectives Resolution has been interpreted quite differently to suit vested interest.
Hubungan Antara Merokok Dengan Diabetes Mellitus Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (Analisis Data Ifls 5)
Authors: Kartika Irnayanti Dian , Bantas Krisnawati
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai risiko merokok terhadap diabetes mellitus berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh pada penduduk ≥ 15 tahun di Indonesia. Desain studi menggunakan cross-sectional dengan data sekunder Survei Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Indonesia Tahun 2014 atau the Indonesia Family Life Survey Wave 5 (IFLS5) di 13 provinsi pada tahun 2014-2015, dengan total sampling sebesar 6.302 responden. Variabel yang diteliti adalah diabetes mellitus sebagai variabel dependen dan status merokok sebagai variabel independen. Sementara itu, variabel kovariat terdiri dari umur, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, status hipertensi, jumlah batang rokok yang dihisap perhari, dan lama merokok. Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik dengan 95% CI. Prevalensi DM dalam penelitian ini adalah sebesar 6,6%. Sementara itu, prevalensi perokok aktif adalah 29,6%. Pada responden kurus dengan IMT < 18,5 kg/m2, risiko DM pada perokok aktif (OR = 2,22; 95% CI 0,45-10,97) berbeda dengan risiko DM pada mantan perokok (OR = 0,50; 95% CI 0,04-6,00) jika dibandingkan dengan bukan perokok, tetapi keduanya tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Sementara itu, pada responden yang obesitas, risiko DM antara mantan perokok (OR = 2,04; 95% CI 0,95-4,37) dengan perokok aktif (OR = 1,94; 95% CI 1,01-3,72) hampir sama, dimana keduanya menunjukkan hubungan yang positif. Sementara itu, pada responden dengan IMT normal dan IMT kegemukan, risiko DM pada perokok aktif dan mantan perokok tidak berbeda dengan bukan perokok. Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan risiko DM yang signifikan pada perokok aktif maupun mantan perokok jika dikategorikan berdasarkan status IMT.
Implementasi Clinical Pathway Appendicitis Akut Di Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Sejati Kota Medan Tahun 2019
Authors: Rachmawati Rachmawati
Published: April 2021

Clinical pathway adalah sebuah rangkaian pelayanan medis terstruktur dan harus sesuai dengan standar yang telah ada. Adanya pelayanan yang terstruktur maka pelayanan dirumah sakit dapat dijaga agar tetap berkualitas. Pelaksanaan clinical pathway di rumah sakit juga tidak terlepas dari berbagai kendala, hambatan serta komitmen untuk terus melaksanakan clinical pathway.  Maka dari itu implemetasi clinical pathay harus tetap di evaluasi agar berjalan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi didalam implementasi clinical pathway appendicitis akut di Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Sejati Kota Medan tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 6 informan diperoleh dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah rekam medik pasien appendicitis akut dan kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Colaizzi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sosialisasi clinical pathway appendicitis akut belum berjalan dengan optimal,  kurangnya sumber daya yang mendukung implementasi clinical pathway appendicitis akut, kurangnya komitmen dalam implementasi clinical pathway appendicitis akut di rumah sakit, struktur birokrasi dalam mendukung implementasi clinical pathway appendicitis akut belum optimal. Secara umum, penilaian implementasi clinical pathway di RSU Mitra Sejati Kota medan sudah cukup baik dan hanya perlu dilakukan evaluasi seperti sosialisasi ataupun pelatihan yang teratur, kepatuhan dalam pengisian lembaran clinical pathway.
Faktor – Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Remaja Wanita Dan Pria Di Indonesia
Authors: Indah Kusuma Nur , Bantas Krisnawati
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional (potong lintang). Analisis yang digunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku hubungan seksual pranikah adalah usia responden 18 – 19 tahun berpeluang 2,787 kali (OR 2,787: 95% CI 1,665 – 4,665) untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah dibandingkan remaja dengan usia 15 – 17 tahun, remaja pria berpeluang 0,510 kali (OR 0,510: 95% CI 0,341 – 0,764) untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah dibandingkan dengan remaja wanita, remaja dengan pengaruh teman sebaya berpeluang 38,616 kali (OR 38,616: 95% CI 22,516 – 66,228) untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah dibandingkan remaja yang tidak terpengaruh teman sebayanya, remaja dengan riwayat konsumsi alkohol 2,586 kali (OR 2,586: 95% CI 2,586 – 1,359) untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah dibandingkan dengan remaja yang tidak memiliki riwayat konsumsi alkohol, sikap negatif remaja terhadap pentingnya menjaga keperawanan berpeluang 7,02 kali (OR 7,020 : 95% CI 4,437 – 11,106) untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah dibandingkan dengan remaja yang memiliki sikap positif terhadap pentingnya menjaga keperawanan, usia pubertas < 15 tahun berpeluang 0,721 kali (OR 0,721: 95% CI 0,585 – 0,888) untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah dibandingkan remaja dengan usia pubertas > 15 tahun dan remaja dengan perilaku berisiko berpeluang 17,734 kali (OR 17,734 : 95% CI 8,330 – 37,751) untuk melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah dibandingkan remaja yang tidak memiliki perilaku berisiko. Kesimpulan Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa faktor-faktor yang secara signifikan berhubungan dengan perilaku hubungan seksual pranikah pada remaja pria dan wanita usia 15 – 19 tahun di Indonesia adalah usia responden, jenis kelamin, pengaruh teman sebaya, konsumsi alkohol, sikap remaja terhadap pentingnya menjaga keperawanan, usia pubertas dan perilaku berisiko. Terdapat interaksi antara riwayat konsumsi alkohol dengan usia responden, konsumsi alkohol dengan jenis kelamin dan pengaruh teman sebaya terhadap usia responden.
NGHIÊN CỨU THIẾT KẾ TĂNG CƯỜNG KHẢ NĂNG CHỊU UỐN SÀN BÊ TÔNG CỐT THÉP BẰNG VẬT LIỆU TẤM SỢI FRP DÁN NGOÀI
Authors: Thanh Nguyễn Thị , Hùng Phạm Việt , Tuấn Ngô Quý , Đức Lê Minh , Giang Nguyễn Trường
Published: April 2021

Phương pháp tăng cường khả năng chịu uốn của kết cấu sàn bê tông cốt thép sử dụng vật liệu tấm sợi FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) dán ngoài đã trở nên phổ biến, vì những ưu điểm của chúng mang lại như cường độ chịu kéo cao, trọng lượng nhẹ, cách điện, cách nhiệt tốt, bền theo thời gian. Bài báo trình bày quy trình thiết kế tăng cường khả năng chịu uốn của sàn bê tông cốt thép gia cường bằng tấm sợi FRP dán ngoài để đảm bảo yêu cầu khai thác và khảo sát hiệu quả tăng cường tương ứng với các cấp cường độ chịu nén của bê tông theo hướng dẫn ACI 440.2R-17. Kết quả tính toán theo trình tự đề nghị giúp chọn và kiểm tra được diện tích tấm FRP tăng cường cần thiết. Ngoài ra, kết quả tính toán chỉ ra rằng mức độ tăng cường khả năng chịu uốn của sàn tỷ lệ thuận với cường độ chịu nén của bê tông, tương ứng với cường độ bê tông tăng từ 11,5 MPa đến 19,5 MPa, sức kháng uốn tính toán tăng từ 91%  đến 144%. Đồng thời, kết quả cũng cho thấy rằng sự phá hoại của sàn bê tông cốt thép xảy ra do mất dính bám giữa lớp FRP gia cường khỏi bề mặt cấu kiện là chủ yếu.

ABSTRACT

The method of the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete slabs using the externally bonded FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) laminates has become popular because of their advantages as high tensile strength, large modulus of elasticity, lightweight, high abrasion resistance, electrical insulation, good heat resistance and durable over the time. The paper presented the design procedure for the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete slabs with FRP laminates to ensure the mining requirements and investigation of the reinforcement efficiency corresponding to the compressive strength levels of concrete based on ACI 440.2R-17. Calculation results in the suggested sequence helped select and check the required reinforcement FRP areas. In addition, the calculation results showed that the degree of increased flexural strengthening of the slabs was proportional to the compressive strength of the concrete, corresponding to the concrete strength increased from 11,5 MPa to 19,5 MPa, flexural strengthening increases from 91% to 144%. Moreover, the damage to the reinforced concrete slabs was caused by the debonding between the FRP and the surface of the structures.
ĐÁNH GIÁ SỰ SINH TRƯỞNG, PHÁT TRIỂN VÀ NĂNG SUẤT CỦA NẤM RƠM (Volvariella volvacea) TRÊN CÁC LOẠI GIÁ THỂ TÁI SỬ DỤNG SAU SẢN XUẤT NẤM
Authors: Hường Lê Thị Thu , Minh Vũ Tuấn , Ngọc Phùng Lan
Published: April 2021

Nhằm tận dụng triệt để hàm lượng chất dinh dưỡng trong giá thể sau trồng các loại nấm để trồng nấm Rơm, thí nghiệm được tiến hành trên 5 công thức là giá thể sau sản xuất nấm Sò xám, nấm Linh chi, nấm Vân chi, nấm Mộc nhĩ và mùn cưa mới (đối chứng), bố trí theo khối hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên, với 3 lần lặp lại, mỗi lần lặp theo dõi 15 mô. Công thức III (Mùn nấm Linh chi 99% + Cám gạo 0,5% + bột ngô 0,5%) có ưu thế hơn hẳn về các chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng và phát triển so với đối chứng cũng như các công thức cùng nghiên cứu; Chiều dài quả thể đạt cao nhất 4,40 cm, đường kính quả thể loại 1 đạt 3,31 cm, loại 2 đạt 2,55 cm. Khối lượng quả thể loại 1 và loại 2 đạt tương ứng 15,35 g và 8,71 g, năng suất đạt 5.849,21 g/100 kg nguyên liệu khô, hiệu quả kinh tế cao vượt trội 345,29% so với đối chứng (mùn cưa mới), trong khi các công thức khác đều thấp hơn so với công thức đối chứng dao động trong khoảng 13,03% - 79,06%.

 

ABSTRACT

In order to make whole reuse of the nutrient content in the substrate after growing mushrooms, which are used for growing rice straw mushrooms, the experiment was set up the following completely randomized block design (CRBD), consisting of 5 treatments, which were reused organic materials after mushroom cultivation such as oyster, lingzhi, turkey tail mushroom, ear mushrooms and raw material sawdust (control) with 3 replications, each observation for 15 molding beds. Treatment III (Saw dust grown in lingzhi + 0.5% rice bran + corn flour 0.5%) has a much better result in terms of growth compared to the control treatment as well as other treatments; Fungal fruit length has reached the highest 4.40 cm, the diameter of grade 1 reached 3.31 cm and grade 2 reached 2.55 cm. Fruit weight of grade 1 and grade 2 reached 15.35 g and 8.71 g, respectively; the total yield reached 5.849.21 g per 100 kg of dry material which led to the highest economic efficiency 345.29% in comparison with the control treatment, while the other treatments were lower than the control treatment ranged 13,03% - 79,06%.
NGHIÊN CỨU DIỄN BIẾN CHẤT LƯỢNG NƯỚC VÀ GIẢI PHÁP XỬ LÝ NƯỚC THẢI TỪ AO NUÔI CÁ LÓC (Channa striata) LÓT BẠT
Authors: Toàn Phạm Văn , Vinh Mai Phước , Dũng Nguyễn Văn
Published: April 2021

Nghề nuôi cá lóc ngày càng được chú trọng trong xu hướng phát triển ngành thuỷ sản ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long. Hình thức và quy mô nuôi cá được người dân áp dụng đa dạng, trong đó quy mô hộ gia đình thường khá phổ biến. Tuy nhiên, chất lượng nước trong ao nuôi chưa được quan tâm và kiểm soát tốt. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, chất lượng nước ao nuôi biến động qua từng thời điểm nuôi cá, lưu lượng xả thải khá lớn và đa phần là bị ô nhiễm hữu cơ và dưỡng chất. Kết quả xử lý nước thải ao nuôi cá lóc lót bạt bằng công nghệ plasma lạnh kết hợp keo tụ - tạo bông trên mô hình phòng thí nghiệm cho thấy, hiệu quả xử lý các chỉ tiêu SS, BOD5, COD, photpho và coliforms đạt trên 70%. Nước sau khi xử lý đạt tiêu chuẩn QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. Tuy nhiên, độ dẫn điện và hợp chất ni-tơ trong nước vẫn chưa xử lý triệt để, cần được cải thiện.

ABSTRACT

Raising snakehead fish has been paid attention to the development of aquaculture in the Mekong Delta recently. The snakehead fish raising models and scale are very diverse. However, the variance of water quality in the lined tank of snakehead fish culture has not been paid much attention and well- controlled. Results of water quality monitoring in a lined tank pond showed that the water of the tank was polluted by nutrients and organic compounds. In this study, wastewater treatment of the lined tank of snakehead fish culture was performed by a combination of the coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and cold plasma technologies at a lab-scale model. The results showed that the effluent treatment efficiency of the model reached over 70% for SS, BOD5, COD, phosphorus, and coliforms. The quality of treated wastewater met the Vietnamese national regulation for industrial wastewater quality (QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT). However, the removal of nitrogen from the water via cold plasma was low effectiveness and electrical conductivity increased after treatment. It is necessary to be improved for further researches.
ĐA HÌNH GEN NCAPG VÀ RNF212 LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN CÁC TÍNH TRẠNG KINH TẾ Ở BÒ LAI SIND VÀ LAI BRAHMAN NUÔI TẠI MIỀN TRUNG VIỆT NAM
Authors: Thư Lê Nữ Anh , Trung Nguyễn Bá , Hương Dương Thị , Tâm Võ Thị Minh , Hải Dương Thanh , Dũng Đinh Văn , Phùng Lê Đình , Văn Nguyễn Hữu
Published: April 2021

Sinh sản và sản xuất thịt là những tính trạng kinh tế quan trọng trong sản xuất chăn nuôi. Để cải thiện di truyền những tính trạng này, chỉ thị phân tử đã được ứng dụng rộng rãi ở nhiều nước có hệ thống chăn nuôi phát triển. Những nghiên cứu gần đây cho rằng gen RNF212 và NCAPG liên quan đến khả năng sinh sản và sức sản xuất thịt ở động vật có vú. Trong đó, đột biến thay thế nucleotide đơn C>T trên gen RNF212 được biết làm gia tăng tỷ lệ tái tổ hợp giảm phân ở bò. Hơn nữa, tỷ lệ tái tổ hợp giảm phân tương quan thuận với hiệu quả sinh sản nên đột biến này có thể là chỉ thị quan trọng liên quan đến khả năng sinh sản cao ở bò. Bên cạnh đó, đột biến thay thế nucleotide đơn A>G trên gen NCAPG được biết làm gia tăng khối lượng thịt xẻ ở bò. Do đó, trong nghiên cứu hiện tại, chúng tôi đã tiến hành phân tích đa hình gen RNF212 P259S và NCAPG I442M trên 2 tổ hợp bò lai bằng phương pháp PCR-RFLP. Kết quả phân tích chỉ ra rằng RNF212 P259S và NCAPG I442M là đa hình trong quần thể bò lai Sind và lai Brahman ở Việt Nam. Sự xuất hiện tần suất thấp của alen T (RNF212) và tần suất cao của alen G (NCAPG) có ý nghĩa quan trọng cho công tác chọn và lai tạo giống bò có khả năng sinh sản và năng suất thịt cao. 

ABSTRACT

Reproduction and meat production are considered as the most economically important traits in livestock production. In developed countries, the molecular markers have been commonly used in the animal breeding program  to find the favorable alleles in genes associated with economically important traits. The recent studies showed that RNF212 and NCAPG genes are involved in fertility and meat production in mammals, respectively. In which, T allele of RNF212 P259S gene was reported to significantly associate with a higher recombination rate in cow s. Of note, since the meiotic recombination rate correlates positively with the reproductive success of human females, the RNF212 P259S is expected to be a useful marker for increasing the reproductive performance in cattle. In addition, G allele of NCAPG I442M increased the carcass weight of cattle. Therefore, in this study, we conducted the polymorphisms of RNF212 P259S and NCAPG I442M by using PCR-RFLP in 2 crossbred cattle. The results showed that the RNF212 P259S and NCAPG I442M were polymorphic in Red Sindhi and Brahman crossbred cattle. The presence of T allele of RNF212 P259S and G allele of NCAPG I442M are informative for the future breeding of Vietnamese crossbred cattle.
ĐA HÌNH ĐỘT BIẾN NHẦM NGHĨA TRÊN GEN RNF212 LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN TÁI TỔ HỢP GIẢM PHÂN Ở BÒ VÀNG VIỆT NAM
Authors: Thư Lê Nữ Anh
Published: April 2021

Gen RNF212 có vai trò quan trọng điều hoà sự trao đổi chéo trong quá trình tái tổ hợp giảm phân. Những nghiên cứu gần đây đã chỉ ra rằng tỷ lệ tái tổ hợp giảm phân tương quan thuận với tỷ lệ sinh sản thành công ở người. Thêm vào dó, alen T của RNF212 P259S được cho rằng làm gia tăng tỷ lệ tái tổ hợp giảm phân ở bò, do đó, trong nghiên cứu hiện tại chúng tôi đã tiến hành phân tích đa hình gen RNF212 P259S trên 30 bò Vàng thuần bằng phương pháp PCR-RFLP và giải trình tự gen nhằm cung cấp thông tin kiểu gen của gen liên quan đến tái tổ hợp giảm phân cho công tác chọn và nhân giống bò Vàng. Kết quả phân tích chỉ ra rằng có sự đa hình gen RNF212 P259S trong quần thể bò Vàng và sự xuất hiện tần suất thấp của alen T ở bò Vàng là thông tin hữu ích cho chọn giống tương lai của chăn nuôi bò Vàng Việt Nam. Đây là báo cáo đầu tiên về sự có mặt của một đột biến nhầm nghĩa trong gen điều hoà quá trình giảm phân ở bò Vàng Việt Nam. Phát hiện này mở ra tầm nhìn mới cho chương trình giống vật nuôi sử dụng các SNPs trong những gen liên quan đến quá trình tái tổ hợp giảm phân và sinh sản để cải thiện năng suất sinh sản của vật nuôi.