bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SGC-VSLAM: A Semantic and Geometric Constraints VSLAM for Dynamic Indoor Environments
Authors: Yang Shiqiang , Fan Guohao , Bai Lele , Zhao Cheng , Li Dexin
Published: April 2020

As one of the core technologies for autonomous mobile robots, Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) has been widely researched in recent years. However, most state-of-the-art VSLAM adopts a strong scene rigidity assumption for analytical convenience, which limits the utility of these algorithms for real-world environments with independent dynamic objects. Hence, this paper presents a semantic and geometric constraints VSLAM (SGC-VSLAM), which is built on the RGB-D mode of ORB-SLAM2 with the addition of dynamic detection and static point cloud map construction modules. In detail, a novel improved quadtree-based method was adopted for SGC-VSLAM to enhance the performance of the feature extractor in ORB-SLAM (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF-SLAM). Moreover, a new dynamic feature detection method called semantic and geometric constraints was proposed, which provided a robust and fast way to filter dynamic features. The semantic bounding box generated by YOLO v3 (You Only Look Once, v3) was used to calculate a more accurate fundamental matrix between adjacent frames, which was then used to filter all of the truly dynamic features. Finally, a static point cloud was estimated by using a new drawing key frame selection strategy. Experiments on the public TUM RGB-D (Red-Green-Blue Depth) dataset were conducted to evaluate the proposed approach. This evaluation revealed that the proposed SGC-VSLAM can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the ORB-SLAM2 system in high-dynamic scenarios and was also able to build a map with the static parts of the real environment, which has long-term application value for autonomous mobile robots.
Fault Diagnosis of Planetary Gearbox Based on Adaptive Order Bispectrum Slice and Fault Characteristics Energy Ratio Analysis
Authors: Shen Zhaoyang , Shi Zhanqun , Zhen Dong , Zhang Hao , Gu Fengshou
Published: April 2020

The vibration of a planetary gearbox (PG) is complex and mutually modulated, which makes the weak features of incipient fault difficult to detect. To target this problem, a novel method, based on an adaptive order bispectrum slice (AOBS) and the fault characteristics energy ratio (FCER), is proposed. The order bispectrum (OB) method has shown its effectiveness in the feature extraction of bearings and fixed-shaft gearboxes. However, the effectiveness of the PG still needs to be explored. The FCER is developed to sum up the fault information, which is scattered by mutual modulation. In this method, the raw vibration signal is firstly converted to that in the angle domain. Secondly, the characteristic slice of AOBS is extracted. Different from the conventional OB method, the AOBS is extracted by searching for a characteristic carrier frequency adaptively in the sensitive range of signal coupling. Finally, the FCER is summed up and calculated from the fault features that were dispersed in the characteristic slice. Experimental data was processed, using both the AOBS-FCER method, and the method that combines order spectrum analysis with sideband energy ratio (OSA-SER), respectively. Results indicated that the new method is effective in incipient fault feature extraction, compared with the methods of OB and OSA-SER.
Shedding Light on People Action Recognition in Social Robotics by Means of Common Spatial Patterns
Authors: Rodríguez-Moreno Itsaso , Martínez-Otzeta José María , Goienetxea Izaro , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Igor , Sierra Basilio
Published: April 2020

Action recognition in robotics is a research field that has gained momentum in recent years. In this work, a video activity recognition method is presented, which has the ultimate goal of endowing a robot with action recognition capabilities for a more natural social interaction. The application of Common Spatial Patterns (CSP), a signal processing approach widely used in electroencephalography (EEG), is presented in a novel manner to be used in activity recognition in videos taken by a humanoid robot. A sequence of skeleton data is considered as a multidimensional signal and filtered according to the CSP algorithm. Then, characteristics extracted from these filtered data are used as features for a classifier. A database with 46 individuals performing six different actions has been created to test the proposed method. The CSP-based method along with a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifier has been compared to a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, showing that the former obtains similar or better results than the latter, while being simpler.
Integrating Density Functional Theory Modeling with Experimental Data to Understand and Predict Sorption Reactions: Exchange of Salicylate for Phosphate on Goethite
Authors: Kubicki James D. , Ohno Tsutomu
Published: April 2020

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are a quantum mechanical approach that can be used to model chemical reactions on an atomistic scale. DFT provides predictions on structures, thermodynamics, spectroscopic parameters and kinetics that can be compared against experimentally determined data. This paper is a primer on the basics of utilizing DFT for applications in mineral-water interfaces. In our case-study, we use DFT to model the surface complexes of phosphate and salicylate adsorbed onto the (101) and (210) surfaces of α-FeOOH (goethite), as an example of combining DFT and experiment. These three components are important in the phosphorus-organic matter interactions in soils, and by comparing the energies of the two surface complexes, the exchange energy of salicylate for phosphate onto goethite can be estimated. The structures of the surface complexes are predicted and the resulting vibrational frequencies calculated based on these structures are compared to previous observations. Upon verification of reasonable surface complex models, the potential energy of exchanging salicylate for phosphate is calculated and shown to be significantly exothermic. This model result is consistent with observations of plant exudates, such as salicylate freeing adsorbed phosphate in soils under P-limited conditions.
Whistleblowing in Norwegian Municipalities—Can Offers of Reward Influence Employees’ Willingness and Motivation to Report Wrongdoings?
Authors: Sørensen Jarle Løwe , Gaup Ann Mari Nilsen , Magnussen Leif Inge
Published: April 2020

This organizational study aims to explore whistleblowing in Norwegian Municipalities. The purpose is to explore whether employees perceive that their workplace has a well-functioning reporting system, to investigate what kind of rewards, if any, the employees considered most desirable, and to map, if any, the relationship between all types of compensation and the willingness to notify within one’s own organization. This study reports on 2018 interview data from a medium-sized Norwegian municipality. The main findings indicated that the municipally exhibits little perceived every-day focus on fighting corruption and that the employees have limited knowledge of the systems and routines available to them. Further, results showed that multiple factors influenced the employee’s willingness to report and receive compensation. Especially was increased management recognition and a more clearly formalized reporting processes perceived as important motivation factors. This study contributes to organization and leadership studies and identifies problem areas, possibly helping managers and organizers focus further on the importance of anti-corruption work and whistleblowing processes within organizations. Further studies are recommended to increase the field of knowledge related to employees’ willingness and motivation to notify when they witness workplace corruption.
The Effects of Market Competition, Capital Structure, and CEO Duality on Firm Performance: A Mediation Analysis by Incorporating the GMM Model Technique
Authors: Mubeen Riaqa , Han Dongping , Abbas Jaffar , Hussain Iftikhar
Published: April 2020

This current study is one of the few investigations to conduct a focalized examination of the relationship between CEO duality and firm performance; however, this relationship seems to be imprecise due to the impact of the invention mechanism. This study explores the effect of CEO duality to achieve firm performance through the mediating effects of capital structure and market competition, which is an innovative model. The study incorporated the generalized method of moments (GMM) model to examine the proposed association of the CEO duality and firm performance, and the findings specified a negative relationship between CEO duality and firm performance. The results indicated that capital structure partially mediated the association between CEO duality and firm performance. The results also showed that market competition fully mediated this linkage between CEO duality and firm performance, which in turn specified a significant positive relationship with market competition, which mediated a positive relationship. By incorporating these mediators, the results determined that CEO duality reduces firm performance through the capital structure; however, it enhances firm performance by stimulating market competition.
Developing a Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy in India Using the SA 8000 Standard
Authors: Murmura Federica , Bravi Laura
Published: April 2020

In today’s global markets, issues related to Corporate Social Responsibility have greater importance on business performance, and international standards are defined as tools for companies to internalize their sustainability requests. The aim of this paper is to understand how the Social Accountability 8000 (SA 8000) standard is managed by developing countries, focusing on Indian certified companies, analyzing, in detail, of the motivations and benefits that prompted them to certification and barriers to its implementation. The research is based on a qualitative multiple case study. A total number of six companies participated in the research. The study showed that one of the main reasons for Indian companies of being SA 8000 certified is the willingness to satisfy the request for greater transparency on the part of stakeholders and the market in general. The study shows that by certifying SA 8000, Indian textile companies want to be promoters of a more sustainable and ethical way of doing business. The value of the research lies in the decision to focus on the Indian market, and in the textile sector, since India is the first country with the largest number of SA 8000 certified companies among developing countries and its textile industry is relevant all around the world.
Scour Protection Effects of a Geotextile Mattress with Floating Plate on a Pipeline
Authors: Zhu Yehui , Xie Liquan , Su Tsung-Chow
Published: April 2020

Underwater pipelines are vital to the oil industry. Extending the service life of these pipelines is a key issue in improving the sustainability of oil transportation. A geotextile mattress with floating plate (GMFP) is a novel and sustainable countermeasure for scour and erosion control and is herein introduced to protect a partially buried pipeline from local scour in steady currents. A series of experiments was designed to verify the protection capabilities of the GMFP and investigate its parametric effects on protection. The average seepage hydraulic gradient under the pipeline was adopted to depict the protection effects of the GMFP, and was calculated with the pore pressure readings under the pipeline. The test results show that the GMFP is capable of protecting a pipeline from the onset of local scour in a unidirectional current. The average seepage hydraulic gradient below the pipeline decreases remarkably after a GMFP is installed. The average hydraulic gradient shows a descending trend with increased sloping angle α when 0.64 < sinα < 0.77. The hydraulic gradient hits a nadir at sinα = 0.77 and climbs with the increasing sloping angle when sinα > 0.82. The hydraulic gradient ascends when the bottom opening ratio δ increases from 0.167 to 0.231, due to the decreased intensity of the bottom vortex. The hydraulic gradient drops with a rising plate height, except for a fluctuation at Hp = 0.12 m. An approximate negative correlation is found between the obstruction height of the floating plate and the average hydraulic gradient under the pipeline. This could be partially attributed to the extension and amplification of the bottom vortex on the leeside of the pipeline due to the increased plate obstruction height.
A Product/Service System Design Schema: Application to Big Data Analytics
Authors: Sakao Tomohiko , Neramballi Abhijna
Published: April 2020

The challenge of environmental sustainability has required product/service systems (PSSs) to play a substantial role. New technologies such as big data analytics (BDA), which have high potential to improve or enable PSSs, are increasingly implemented in industry. However, research achieved in the past and research opportunities in the intersection of PSS design and BDA are unclear in the literature. Therefore, this article took an inter-disciplinary approach and aimed to pave the way forward for research and development in PSS design and show opportunities to improve PSS design and delivery using BDA. The research methods adopted were literature synthesis and systematic literature review. The synthesis of PSS design literature resulted in a schema consisting of 10 design steps for PSS conceptual design. The systematic review of BDA literature found 11 research works, including industrial applications, which were then mapped on to the PSS design schema. This revealed the achievement of applied research using BDA for some of the PSS design steps as well as opportunities of research for the others. The two inter-related areas of research, PSS design and BDA, were connected with each other more clearly, so that further research could be anchored and motivated with more specificity.
Soil Quality and Its Potential Indicators under Different Land Use Systems in the Shivaliks of Indian Punjab
Authors: Vashisht Bharat Bhushan , Maharjan Bijesh , Sharma Sandeep , Kaur Samanpreet
Published: April 2020

The present study assessed the overall state of the soil based on the most sensitive soil attributes under different land uses—i.e., rainfed agriculture, mixed forest, afforestation and non-arable lands—in the lower Shivaliks of Indian Punjab. The soil parameters—i.e., erosion ratio, bulk density and water retention characteristics—and fertility parameters were integrated under different land uses to identify potential soil quality indicators.The overall state of the soil, based on a weighted average of primary soil functions under different land uses through fuzzy modeling, was deemed best for agricultural land use (0.515), followed by forests (0.465) and non-arable lands (0.456), and deemed worst under afforestation (0.428). Among the different land use systems, principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated the agriculture and forest samples from afforestation and non-arable lands samples. The contribution of potential indicators such as erosion ratio (ER), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) toward the soil quality index (SQI) was substantial. The order of contribution of the selected indicators to the SQI was 53.5%, 34.3% and 19.9% for ER, P and K, respectively. These indicators are most influential for studying real time soil health and ecological processes in the future, under various land use systems in degraded agroecosystems like the Shivaliks.
Numerical Models of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: Review and Future Development
Authors: Yuan Chunbo , Huang Ting , Zhao Xiaohong , Zhao Yaqian
Published: April 2020

Numerical model as a simulation tool was used to describe the pollutants transformation and degradation process in constructed wetlands (CWs). It can help provide insight into the “black box” and increase the understanding of the complex processes in CWs. In the last few decades, several process-based numerical models were developed to depict the pollutants removal processes in CWs, which include biochemical model, hydraulic model, reactive-transport model, plants model, clogging model, and coupling model combining two or more sub-models. However, there was a long way to go before fully understanding the decontamination mechanisms of CWs. On the one hand, single or a composite model coupling a small number of sub-models cannot fully reveal the decontamination processes. On the other hand, a comprehensive model including all sub-models of current cognition involves numerous parameters, most of which are interaction and cannot quantitatively determined, thus making the model complex and leading to diffuse interaction. Therefore, in order to describe the reaction processes in CWs more accurately, it is expected that all parameters should be quantified as far as possible in the future model. This study aims to provide a review of the numerical models of CWs and to reveal mechanism of decontamination. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of existing models, the study presented the improvement method and future research direction: (1) new detection/monitoring technique or computing method to quantitatively assess the parameters in CWs models, (2) correcting the simulation errors caused by the assumption of Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) and developing a complete biofilm reaction sub-model, (3) simplification of the comprehensive model, and (4) need of emerging pollutants modeling.
Recombinant Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Viruses Carrying Conserved T Cell Epitopes of Human Adenoviruses Induce Functional Cytotoxic T Cell Responses and Protect Mice against both Infections
Authors: Isakova-Sivak Irina , Matyushenko Victoria , Stepanova Ekaterina , Matushkina Anastasia , Kotomina Tatiana , Mezhenskaya Daria , Prokopenko Polina , Kudryavtsev Igor , Kopeykin Pavel , Sivak Konstantin , Rudenko Larisa
Published: April 2020

Human adenoviruses (AdVs) are one of the most common causes of acute respiratory viral infections worldwide. Multiple AdV serotypes with low cross-reactivity circulate in the human population, making the development of an effective vaccine very challenging. In the current study, we designed a cross-reactive AdV vaccine based on the T-cell epitopes conserved among various AdV serotypes, which were inserted into the genome of a licensed cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) backbone. We rescued two recombinant LAIV-AdV vaccines by inserting the selected AdV T-cell epitopes into the open reading frame of full-length NA and truncated the NS1 proteins of the H7N9 LAIV virus. We then tested the bivalent vaccines for their efficacy against influenza and human AdV5 in a mouse model. The vaccine viruses were attenuated in C57BL/6J mice and induced a strong influenza-specific antibody and cell-mediated immunity, fully protecting the mice against virulent influenza virus infection. The CD8 T-cell responses induced by both LAIV-AdV candidates were functional and efficiently killed the target cells loaded either with influenza NP366 or AdV DBP418 peptides. In addition, high levels of recall memory T cells targeted to an immunodominant H2b-restricted CD8 T-cell epitope were detected in the immunized mice after the AdV5 challenge, and the magnitude of these responses correlated with the level of protection against pulmonary pathology caused by the AdV5 infection. Our findings suggest that the developed recombinant vaccines can be used for combined protection against influenza and human adenoviruses and warrant further evaluation on humanized animal models and subsequent human trials.
Construction and Immunogenicity of a Novel Multivalent Vaccine Prototype Based on Conserved Influenza Virus Antigens
Authors: Kirsteina Anna , Akopjana Inara , Bogans Janis , Lieknina Ilva , Jansons Juris , Skrastina Dace , Kazaka Tatjana , Tars Kaspars , Isakova-Sivak Irina , Mezhenskaya Daria , Kotomina Tatiana , Matyushenko Victoria , Rudenko Larisa , Kazaks Andris
Published: April 2020

Influenza, an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease, remains a significant threat to public health. More effective vaccination strategies aimed at inducing broad cross-protection not only against seasonal influenza variants, but also zoonotic and emerging pandemic influenza strains are urgently needed. A number of conserved protein targets to elicit such cross-protective immunity have been under investigation, with long alpha-helix (LAH) from hemagglutinin stalk and ectodomain of matrix protein 2 ion channel (M2e) being the most studied ones. Recently, we have reported the three-dimensional structure and some practical applications of LAH expressed in Escherichia coli system (referred to as tri-stalk protein). In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a panel of broadly protective influenza vaccine prototypes based on both influenza tri-stalk and triple M2e (3M2e) antigens integrated into phage AP205 virus-like particles (VLPs). While VLPs containing the 3M2e alone induced protection against standard homologous and heterologous virus challenge in mice, only the combination of both conserved influenza antigens into a single VLP fully protected mice from a high-dose homologous H1N1 influenza infection. We propose that a combination of genetic fusion and chemical coupling techniques to expose two different foreign influenza antigens on a single particle is a perspective approach for generation of a broadly-effective vaccine candidate that could protect against the constantly emerging influenza virus strains.
Estrategias Financieras para mejorar las cuentas por cobrar en la Compañia Aquasport SAC
Authors: Morales García Analis Katy , Carhuancho Mendoza Irma Milagros
Published: April 2020

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo proponer estrategias financieras para mejorar las cuentas por cobrar en la compañía Aquasport S.A.C. 2017-2018, de acuerdo a la metodología de proyección del estado de situación financiera, estado de ganancias y pérdidas y presupuestos, en los periodos 2020-2024, empezando con el análisis de los estados financieros de la compañía.

El estudio de investigación se realizó bajo el enfoque mixto, de la misma manera el sintagma fue holístico, el tipo de investigación fue proyectiva, del mismo modo el nivel fue comprensivo y el método fue deductivo, asimismo la población fue de 20 personas colaboradores de la compañía, seleccionando una muestra de 3 personas, trabajadores directos relacionados al tema de investigación, las técnicas que se usaron fueron entrevista y análisis documental, y los instrumentos fueron guía de entrevistas y guía de análisis documental, también los análisis de datos fue la aplicación de análisis vertical y horizontal, además los ratios de liquidez, solvencia, gestión, rentabilidad. Finalmente para la triangulación de datos se desarrolló mediante el software Atlas.ti.8.

Los resultados señalan que las cuentas por cobrar son deficientes, la compañía necesita reestructurar las políticas y procedimientos de cobranzas, realizar flujo de caja para controlar el efectivo, además la implementación de estrategias financieras para gestionar los cobros de manera eficiente, del mismo modo realizar presupuestos de ventas y cobranzas, de esta manera trabajar en base a objetivos, en conclusión lograr resultados eficientes.
Intercomparación en matrices de suelos y tejido vegetal de los laboratorios de RELASE
Authors: Aucatoma Guerrero Bolívar
Published: April 2020

La Red de Laboratorios de Análisis de Suelos del Ecuador (RELASE) ha trabajado con 15 laboratorios en Ecuador, en matrices de suelos y tejido vegetal, con el fin de normalizar la mayor cantidad de parámetros para cada tipo de muestra, obteniendo entre 4 a 8 parámetros normalizados de 12 en suelos y entre 3 a 6 parámetros normalizados para tejido vegetal de 10 evaluados. Además, se incrementaron los parámetros (Boro y Azufre) analizados en cada intercomparación. Se realizaron dos intercomparaciones anuales durante dos años, enviaron una muestra por matriz, y en la segunda intercomparación del primer año y primera del segundo año se trabajaron con dos muestras. En éste ciclo se trabajó con un material de referencia certificado (MRC) de tejido vegetal, obteniendo el promedio de laboratorios de RELASE un 80% de parámetros con un error menor al 10% y solo el caso del Fe con 11,7% y el B con el 24,4%. De los resultados de la segunda intercomparación del segundo año, se obtuvo como dato relevante que en tejido vegetal el 100% de parámetros analizados estuvieron normalizados, incluido el B y S. Así como que los elementos K, Mn, S y B el 100% de laboratorios se mostraron como satisfactorios. En la matriz suelos se mostraron normalizados el 58% del total de parámetros evaluados, siendo que el Ca y pH tuvieron el 100% de laboratorios con datos satisfactorios.
Experiential Learning Of Networking Technologies: Evolution Of Socket Programming – Part I
Authors: Rustagi Ram P , Kumar Viraj
Published: April 2020

In the 21st century, the internet has become essential part of everyday tasks including banking, interacting with government services, education, entertainment, text/voice/video communication, etc. Individuals access the internet using client-side applications such as a browser or an app on their mobile phone or laptop/desktop. This client-side application communicates with a server-side application, typically running on a web server, which in turn may interact with other business applications. The underlying protocol is typically HTTP [1] running on top of the TCP/IP protocol [2][3]. A typical web server supports a large number (hundreds or thousands) of concurrent TCP connections. The most commonly deployed web servers in use today are Apache server [4], Nginx [5], or Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)[6]. Nginx is mostly used on Linux and IIS runs only on Windows OS. In contrast, Apache web server (which is almost as old as the web itself) is supported on all platforms (Linux, Windows, MacOS, etc.). In its initial release in 1995 (version 1.3), Apache server could serve only a few concurrent clients, but its current release (2.4.41) can support a huge number of concurrent clients. In this article (as well as Part II that will follow), we will present a simplified view of this evolution that nevertheless explains how current web manage such high levels of concurrency. To do so, we will delve into socket programming, which is at the heart of managing TCP connections, and we will examine the key role that it plays in delivering high performance.

We have studied both transport layers protocol i.e., TCP [2] and UDP [7], in detail in the last few articles, and we have developed a basic understanding of the working of the transport layer. This is a communication-enabling layer used by applications to exchange application-level data. Simple working of applications using TCP (providing reliable delivery) and UDP (providing best effort delivery) socket programming are provided in [8]. In this article, however, we will discuss increasingly complex levels of socket programming, from simple socket connections to complex connection management that are necessary to attain high TCP performance. We will focus on TCP Socket programming only. UDP socket programming is simply a best effort delivery and socket implementation support does not impact the application communication performance.
Computer Vision with Deep Learning for Plant Phenotyping in Agriculture: A Survey
Authors: Balasubramanian Vineeth N , Guo Wei , Chandra Akshay L , Desai Sai Vikas
Published: April 2020

In light of growing challenges in agriculture with ever growing food demand across the world, efficient crop management techniques are necessary to increase crop yield. Precision agriculture techniques allow the stakeholders to make effective and customized crop management decisions based on data gathered from monitoring crop environments. Plant phenotyping techniques play a major role in accurate crop monitoring. Advancements in deep learning have made previously difficult phenotyping tasks possible. This survey aims to introduce the reader to the state of the art research in deep plant phenotyping.
Covid-19: Örnek Alinmasi, Taşinmasi ve Saklanmasi
Authors: ECE Gülfem , KÖROĞLU Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Covid-19 tanısında şüpheli hasta tanımına uyan hasta örneklerinin doğru bir şekilde alınması ve transportu son derece önemlidir. Bu amaçla Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün yayınladığı enfeksiyon önleme ve kontrol klavuzlarına uyumlu rehberler geliştirilmiştir. Bu bölümde Covid-19 örnek alımı, yöntemleri, zamanlaması ve transferine yönelik uygulamalar güncel rehberler eşliğinde paylaşılacaktır.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED TEST STAND FOR THE ADAPTIVE PART OF THE AIRCRAFT WING
Authors: Vetlitsyn M. , Ivchenko A. , Sharonov N.
Published: April 2020

Methods for improving the efficiency of aircraft wing mechanization are discussed. The designs of prototype profiles and automated test stand for the adaptive part of the adaptive part of the wing are presented.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL DIAMETER OF ADAPTIVE PROPULSOR OF MOBILE ROBOTICS COMPLEX
Authors: Serdobintsev Yu. , Ivanyuk A. , Kabdulova D. , Saleh F.
Published: April 2020

Using graphs of dependence of change of optimal diameters from change of ratio of weight coefficients, mass, geometric, soil characteristics, general equation of change of diameter of adaptive propulsor of mobile robotics complex is revealed.
DESIGN AND RESEARCH OF AN AUTOMATED LABORATORY STAND BASED ON APROTOTYPE OF THE "HAND" TYPE INDUSTRIAL ROBOT
Authors: Chemogonov P. , Makarov A. , Potseluiko V. , Barabanov V.
Published: April 2020

Experimental development and production of a robotic arm prototype with five axis of motion is being carried out for further use as a laboratory bench. The description of the experimental prototype, the control principle, and the analysis of the results are given.
Tugas kuliah micro teaching Ervan Septiady (1710111210007)
Authors: Septiady Ervan
Published: April 2020

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PICTURE AND PICTURE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SEJARAH
Determination of Estimated Hydrological Characteristics in the Absence of Hydrometric Observations: Potential for the Use of Regional Gridded River Runoff Reanalysis
Authors:   G.V.  Ayzel,  E.V.  Belozerov,  L.S.  Kurochkina
Published: April 2020

Engineers in the field of hydrology often face the task of determining the hydrological characteristics for river gauges not covered by a regular network of hydrometric observations. This task is usually solved using classical methods and approaches, as described in SP 33-101-2003 «Determination of Basic Hydrological Characteristics», and is highly time-consuming, both in terms of search and acquisition of hydrological data and the time-consuming computational procedure. At the same time, modern progress in hydrological modeling allows us to look at the solution to this problem from a different angle. Thus, in this paper we propose to reduce the problem of determining the characteristics of river runoff in the absence of observation data to a simpler problem of determining the characteristics of river runoff in the presence of observation data. For this purpose, we propose to use regional gridded reanalysis of river runoff R5 as a source of model-based runoff approximation in the river gauges of interest. The results of the performed calculations show high potential of the proposed approach for determining the characteristics of river runoff. Thus, for the studied Upper Volga river basins the deviations of the calculated values from the reference data of the State Hydrological Institute are negligeable. R5 runoff reanalysis was developed using freely distributed software and open data sources – GR4J conceptual hydrological model and WFDEI meteorological reanalysis. The R5 database covers both a large geographical domain within the European territory of Russia and a long time period (1979–2016) and is freely available at: https://zenodo.org/record/2600695.
Humanitarian Intervention in International and Islamic Law
Authors: Sinanovic Ermin
Published: April 2020

In this paper, I look into the moral foundation of humanitarian intervention in international law and its Islamic counterpart. My objective is to identify the traits shared by both sets of laws, and to see if the same or similar justification can be used across cultures to reach the same goal. In other words, one goal is to assess the claims that the basis upon which humanitarian intervention is justified has a universal appeal. Both international and Islamic law justify humanitarian intervention on moral grounds. International law bases its justification upon the human rights discourse. Islamic law provides enough bases for legitimizing humanitarian intervention, and Qur’anic verses, scholarly opinions, and Islamic principles provide a sound background for it. Paramount in this task is the concept of human dignity (karamah al-insan). We found no disagreement on this fundamental issue between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Islamic law. Human dignity, as understood in international human rights and its Islamic counterpart, thus could form the jus cogens of international law, a common human heritage upon which everybody can agree.
An Introduction to Collective Ijtihad (Ijtihad Jama‘i)
Authors: Hasan Aznan
Published: April 2020

This article explores the concept of collective ijtihad as a means of determining new judicial judgments. Accordingly, it analyzes the theoretical framework of this kind of ijtihad and its application by discussing the various institutions that practice it. In general, this article seeks to present this as a practical mechanism for ascertaining the Shari‘ah’s opinion concerning the Muslim ummah on a variety of current issues. At the outset, it will present briefly the controversy concerning the closure of the gate of ijtihad, for this kind of ijtihad relies heavily upon our recognition that, throughout the history of Islamic law, jurists have never abandoned the task of ijtihad.
Karl Popper and the Iranian Intellectuals
Authors: Paya Ali
Published: April 2020

The ways in which Popper’s ideas have been introduced to Iranian society will be discussed, and the reactions of several prominent Iranian intellectual groups, namely, the leftists, the Heideggerians, the religious conservatives, the religious intel- lectuals and the moderate seculars, to Popper’s views will be critically appraised.The upshot of the paper is that while Popper’s views have been used and misused in the power struggle between various groups in post-revolutionary Iran, they also have been instrumental in creating collective intentionalities and shared understandings con- cerning a range of important concepts in such diverse fields as epistemology, politics, culture, social action, and religious beliefs.
In Search of Islamic Constitutionalism
Authors: Hosen Nadirsyah
Published: April 2020

This article examines the question of whether the Shari`ah is compatible with the principle and procedural form of western constitutionalism. The article will answer this question by looking at the arguments put forth by opponents of Islamic constitutional law and various counter-aguments. Using the substantive approach, I assert that the Shari`ah is compatible with constitutionalism. This position rejects both the fundamentalists’ and the secularists’ views on this subject. The Shari`ah’s principles can be a formal source or an inspiration to a constitution.
Models of Communication in the Qur’an
Authors: Ibrahim M. Zakyi
Published: April 2020

This study uses models of communication, defined as “structures of symbols and rules designed to correspond to the relevant points of an existing structure or process,”1 to explain the process of communication between God and human beings. The invisibility of God to human beings, coupled with His difference in nature, appear to make such interaction difficult – but not impossible – to conceive. A general communication model is constructed in accordance with Qur’an 42:51. Later, specific models are drawn according to the verse’s segments. Each model is elaborated by examples from the Qur’an and the Hadith. In each model, I explicate the process of divine–human interaction by identifying the key elements of communication and their relationships. To devise the models, this study depends heavily on the Qur’an, identifies communication-related verse(s), analyzes the words’ semantic components, and reveals the expression’s rhetorical implications, all drawn from the primary sources of the classical and modern eras.
Shari`ah, Brain Death, and Organ Transplantation
Authors: Grundmann Johannes
Published: April 2020

Introduction

In the early 1980s, comprehensive developments in the public health system as well as markedly improved possibilities for organ transplantation due to the introduction of immune suppressants,2 namely, the artificial prevention of organ rejection, led to a sudden expansion of transplantation medicine in the Near and Middle East. Long-term artificial respiration, along with improved and expanded intensive care units, enabled respiration and circulation to be maintained despite the partial or complete loss of brain function. This, in turn, secured the necessary blood supply to the organs until they could be removed. Against this backdrop, a comprehensive process of discussion on the factual connections between postmortem organ transplantation and the criterion for determining brain death developed.
Toward a Philosophical Approach of the Hermeneutics of the Qur’an
Authors: Dakroury Aliaa Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

Although claims questioning whether religious sacred books can be “translated” or not have been heard for quite some time, they have increased with the emergence of globalization and the increasing openness and flow of information due to modern technology. In the context of the relationship between hermeneutics and communication, one could argue that interpreting the Qur’an is an interesting case study for many reasons. Among them is the number of debates and discourses that have been raised both for and against its translation. Another reason, perhaps one of the largest barriers according to some religious Muslim groups, is that the Qur’an is fundamentally revealed and written in Arabic, and, therefore, its true meaning cannot be translated into another language. Certain verses, such as “It is a Qur’an in Arabic, without any crookedness (therein): in order that they may guard against evil” (28:39), have been presented to support this argument.
Patriotic and Pious Muslim Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century China: The Case of Ma Jian
Authors: Ma Haiyun
Published: April 2020

The fall of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) and the founding of the modern Chinese nation-state brought both opportunities and challenges to Chinese Muslims. No longer having to deal with emperorship and its foundational ideology, Confucianism, they were soon confronted with new state ideological impositions, namely, Han nationalism and socialism, imposed by the Republican and Communist regimes. These new challenges were both threatening and promising, for although the new ideologies were fundamentally antithetic to Islam, the new regimes promised an equal status to Chinese Muslims and saw how they could aid national diplomacy and international relations with Muslim countries. Within this context, China’s Muslim intellectuals tried to reorient and reposition Muslims and Islam by minimizing differences and maximizing commonalities during both the Republican and the Communist regimes. By studying Ma Jian (1906-78), one of modern China’s most influential and representative Muslim intellectuals, as well as his juxtaposition of Islam and China, I look at the way of being a modern Chinese Muslim intellectual in China’s post-1949 internal and international contexts. The Turkic Muslim communities in Xinjiang and elsewhere in China are excluded from this study.
The Academic Study of Sufism at American Universities
Authors: Hermansen Marcia
Published: April 2020

This article provides an overview of the history and current situation of the academic study of Sufism (Islamic mysticism) at American universities. It examines Sufism’s place within the broader curriculum of Islamic studies as well as some of the main themes and approaches employed by American scholars. In addition, it explains both the academic context in which Sufi studies are located and the role of contemporary positions in Islamic and western thought in shaping its academic study.1 Topics and issues of particular interest to a Muslim audience, as well as strictly academic observations, will be raised. In comparison to its role at academic institutions in the traditional Muslim world,2 Sufi studies has played a larger role within the western academic study of Islam during the twentieth century, especially the later decades. I will discuss the numerous reasons for this in the sections on the institutional, intellectual, and pedagogical contexts.
Muslim Women’s Experiences of Higher Education in Britain
Authors: Ahmad Fauzia
Published: April 2020

I explore British South Asian Muslim women’s experiences of higher education and how it impacts identity construction and negotiation. Through semi-structured interviews with thirty-five undergraduate and post-graduate Muslim female university students, I reflect on their perceived and actual experiences. By stressing how representations of them influence their participation and experiences, I analyze how individual subjectivities are mediated and negotiated while reflecting common experiences. I also consider their accounts of the social and personal benefits they felt that they gained during their studies, as well as to the more disturbing and racialized aspects of their experiences. They differentiated between three overlapping forms of beneficial experience: academic, social, and personal. While instances of anti-Muslim racism were rare or subtle, certain university structures and expectations of what being a mainstream student means often contributed to a noted sense of “othering.” I conclude by highlighting how their accounts of their university experiences directly challenge those stereotypes that misrepresent educated Muslim women as “religious and cultural rebels.”
American Muslim Women and Cross-Gender Interaction on Campus
Authors: Mir Shabana
Published: April 2020

This article is based on a study of American Muslim undergraduate women’s identity construction via gendered behavior in university spaces. I conducted the study in 2002-03 at two private East Coast universities. My research questions centered upon the religious, ethnic, gender, and cultural/racial identities of American Muslim female undergraduates. I was also interested in the nature of pluralism at American college campuses; I believed that an interesting test of this pluralism would be to see how hospitable it was to the development of American Muslim women’s identities.
Muslims in Europe
Authors: Hellyer H. A.
Published: April 2020

Muslims and Islam have been at the center of some of the most vital post-9/11 debates. In Europe, the controversy has intensified due to the conflation of the aforementioned discussions and the arguments currently raging in Europe surrounding European identity. In such parleys, the assumption has been that Muslims in Europe are an alien presence with a short and temporary history. This article seeks to demonstrate that historically speaking, this is not necessarily a foregone conclusion. The integration of Muslims and the recognition of Islam may take place through a variety of different ways owing to the specificities of individual European nation-states. However, they will need to consider the past precedents of the Muslim presence in order to appropriately organize the present and in looking to the future.
Human Rights in Traditionalist Islam
Authors: Crane Robert Dickson
Published: April 2020

The vaunted clash of civilizations has grown into a Fourth World War of demonization against Islam. The newest strategy is to single out Islam’s essential values, deny that they exist, and assert that their absence constitutes the Islamic threat. This article shows the common identity of classical American and classical Islamic thought so that Muslims, Christians, and Jews can unite against religious extremism. Muslim jurisprudents developed the world’s most sophisticated code of human responsibilities and rights. This is now being revived as the common heritage of western civilization based on the premise that justice reflects a truth higher than man-made positivist law and on the corollary that the task of religion is to translate transcendent truth into the transcendent law of compassionate justice.
Amin Ahsan Islahi
Authors: Khan Israr Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Amin Ahsan Islahi (1903-97), an illustrious Islamic scholar from India, is the author of the Urdu-language Tadabbur-e-Qur’an, the first tafs¥r of its kind. In it, he has applied a unique method of interpreting the revealed words that, he rightly claims, he actually borrowed from his great teacher `Abd al-Hamid al-Farahi (1861-1930). According to him, this methodology leads to the unity of meaning and hence to the unity of thought. Its salient feature is what he refers to as “coherence in the Qur’an” (na`m al-Qur’OEn). Identifying the coherence between the Qur’an’s verses enables the commentator to establish cohesion among apparently conflicting passages within a s´rah. Coherence is not merely an academic witticism (la‹¥fah `ilm¥yah); rather, it is an intellectual endeavor (al-sa`y¥ al-`ilm¥) based on the Qur’anic principle of deliberation (al-tadabbur) to apply certain rules to the text in order to unfold the truth enshrined in the divine statements. Islahi’s work is a methodological and practical example of na`m al-Qur’OEn. This paper seeks to introduce his methodology in detail as applied in his work with a view to formulating its system of practical application in tafs¥r.
A Prophet or a Messenger
Authors: Ibrahim Zakyi
Published: April 2020

This paper probes specific questions in the Qur’an on various prophetic phenomenon (e.g., the purpose of revelation to prophets/messengers, the question of sending them, and the meaning of book/scripture) in order to ascertain whether or not the popular theories on their essence have valid Qur’anic support. It hypothesizes that the major conclusions on this subject have no solid Qur’anic evidence, that prophets and messengers are one and the same person, and that the Qur’an uses both terms interchangeably. Specific treatments of the questions (heavily dependent on the Qur’an) are preceded by their simple depiction in a diagram. Fresh attempts are made to redefine the terms prophet and messenger. I begin by reviewing the conclusions of al-Mawardi, al-Qadi ‘Iyad, Ibn Taymiyyah, and Abu Bakr al-Jaza’iri, all of whom have, in what came to be extremely popular concepts, distinguished between prophets and messengers. Following suit, the ideas of some leading western scholars on this subject (e.g., A. J. Winsinck, Joseph Horovitz, and Willem A. Bijlefeld) are also reviewed and assessed.