bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear sigma dark matter
Authors: Kondo Dan , McGehee Robert , Melia Tom , Murayama Hitoshi
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We present a model of self-interacting dark matter based on QCD-like theories and inspired by the proximity of a0(980 ± 20) to the $$ K\overline{K} $$
K

K
¯

(990) threshold. Dark matter is comprised of dark pions which self-scatter via the σ resonance close to the ππ threshold. While the linear sigma model serves as a qualitative guide, a fully unitary description of the scattering in the strongly coupled regime is given by effective range theory. The introduction of a kinetically mixed dark photon allows the dark pion to either freeze-out or -in. We study the viable parameter space which explains the observed relic abundance while evading all current constraints. Searches for dark matter self interactions at different scales, (in)direct detection signals, and (in)visibly-decaying dark photons will test this model in the near future.
The three-loop equal-mass banana integral in ε-factorised form with meromorphic modular forms
Authors: Pögel Sebastian , Wang Xing , Weinzierl Stefan
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We show that the differential equation for the three-loop equal-mass banana integral can be cast into an ε-factorised form with entries constructed from (meromorphic) modular forms and one special function, which can be given as an iterated integral of meromorphic modular forms. The ε-factorised form of the differential equation allows for a systematic solution to any order in the dimensional regularisation parameter ε. The alphabet of the iterated integrals contains six letters.
Fuzzy pattern modeling of self-pierce riveting for data from experiments and computer simulations
Authors: Nemati Amir , Jäckel Mathais , Bocklisch Steffen F. , Drossel Welf-Guntram
Published: September 2022

Modeling forms the basis for optimal control of complex technical processes in the context of industry 4.0 development and, hence, for high product quality as well as efficient production. For the mechanical joining process of self-pierce riveting with 11 input and 5 output variables, two modeling approaches based on (1) experimental data and (2) FEM computer simulation are outlined and performed. A physical modeling approach is ruled out due to the high problem dimensionality and complex nonlinear dynamic relationships between input and output variables. Alternatively, data-based approaches lead to Artificial Intelligence (AI) model designs. The experimental approach is cost- and resource-consuming; therefore, only a relatively small data set can be collected. Here, we present results from experimental trials that serve as representatives and are generalized by a description with high-dimensional parametric membership functions (fuzzification). The fuzzification procedure is also applied to the FEM computer simulation results. In principle, it can provide an arbitrarily large database. However, consequently, time- and computational effort increase considerably. Both data sets form the basis for parallel model building using the AI method of local fuzzy pattern models, which can be used to describe highly nonlinear input-output relationships by error-minimizing partitioning. Finally, the comparison of the results of the two modeling approaches is outlined. Finally, a coupled modeling strategy and future model adaptation are proposed.
Wundmorphologie bei Verletzungen, bedingt durch Ketten- bzw. Kreissägen
Authors: Weber Anja , Rabl Walter , Wöss Claudia
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund

Tödliche Verletzungen durch Kreis- und Kettensägen sind selten. Die Wundmorphologie ändert sich dabei in Abhängigkeit von der verwendeten Säge und den technischen Merkmalen.

Methodik

Anhand der technischen Details von Kreis- und Kettensägen werden grundlegende Unterschiede beschrieben, welche direkte Auswirkungen auf die bei Verletzungen durch diese Werkzeuge entstehende Wundmorphologie haben. Zur Veranschaulichung und zur Gegenüberstellung der typischen Verletzungsbilder werden 2 repräsentative Fälle von Kreis- und 2 Fälle von Kettensägeverletzungen aus dem Obduktionsgut des Institutes für Gerichtliche Medizin Innsbruck vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse

Die technischen Eigenschaften einer Säge beeinflussen das Verletzungsmuster. Prinzipiell zeigen sich bei Verletzungen durch eine Kreissäge typischerweise glattrandige Wunden im Gegensatz zu Verletzungen durch Kettensägen, bei denen es zu ausgefransten Wundbereichen mit Verlust von Gewebeteilen kommen kann.

Diskussion

Die typische Wundmorphologie kann Hinweise auf das verwendete Werkzeug und konkrete Entstehungsmechanismen geben.
Lattice-dynamics-based characterization of La1-xAxCoO3-δ (A = Sr, Ba) nanoparticles for an inert anode in molten salts
Authors: Tokushige Manabu
Published: September 2022

La1-xAxCoO3-δ (A = Sr, Ba) nanoparticles used as an inert anode in molten salts were characterized using phonon vibrations, and their compositions and morphologies were investigated. These nanoparticles were used for nanostructure fabrication of an inert anode to reduce oxide ion transportation. The singularity structure changes with increasing Sr ion content in La1-xSrxCoO3-δ nanoparticles showed a transient of spin state change from a low-spin state to intermediate- and/or high-spin states. The valencies of Co ion in La1-xSrxCoO3-δ were 3.2 and 3.3 for La0.8Sr0.2CoO3-δ and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ, respectively, suggesting that oxygen defects were introduced by Sr ion doping in La1-xSrxCoO3-δ nanoparticles. In contrast, the valencies of Co ion in La1-xBaxCoO3-δ were 3.1 and 3.0 for La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ and La0.4Ba0.6CoO3-δ, respectively, suggesting that oxygen defects were introduced slightly by Ba ion doping in La1-xBaxCoO3-δ nanoparticles. The isotropic phonon vibrations of La1-xAxCoO3-δ nanoparticles were estimated using high-temperature synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements. Crystal anisotropy measurements of phonon vibrations indicated that the oxide ions diffused preferentially along the (a, b) plane in the La1-xSrxCoO3-δ crystal lattice and toward the c-axis direction in the La1-xBaxCoO3-δ crystal lattice. These results suggest that the oxide ion transportation was curtailed using layered nanoparticles to fabricate an inert anode.
Slope stability analysis of deep-seated landslides using limit equilibrium and finite element methods in Debre Sina area, Ethiopia
Authors: Mebrahtu Tesfay Kiros , Heinze Thomas , Wohnlich Stefan , Alber Michael
Published: September 2022

Slope failure is a recurring natural hazard in the western margin of the Main Ethiopian Rift and especially around the Debre Sina area. To minimize the damage caused by failure events, a detailed investigation of landslide-prone areas identified using numerical modelling plays a crucial role. The main aim of this study is to assess the stability of slopes and to evaluate and compare safety factors calculated by the different available numerical methods. Stability analyses of slopes prone to different types of failures were performed with different techniques. The stability was assessed for slopes of complex geometry composed of aphanitic basalt, porphyritic basalt, tuff, and colluvium (poorly sorted clayey sand to silty sand) using the limit equilibrium method and the shear strength reduction method based on finite elements. Furthermore, numerical analysis was done under static and pseudo-static loading using the horizontal seismic coefficient to model their stability during a seismic event. Satellite images were used to select failure-prone slopes based on slope properties and identified past landslides, as well as to derive structural and geological information for the numerical models. The slope stability analysis indicates that the studied slopes are unstable, and any small-scale disturbance will further reduce the factor of safety and cause failure. The slope stability of landslide prone hills in the study area strongly depends on the saturation conditions and the seismic load.
2-Limits and 2-Terminal Objects are too Different
Authors: clingman tslil , Moser Lyne
Published: September 2022

In ordinary category theory, limits are known to be equivalent to terminal objects in the slice category of cones. In this paper, we prove that the 2-categorical analogues of this theorem relating 2-limits and 2-terminal objects in the various choices of slice 2-categories of 2-cones are false. Furthermore we show that, even when weakening the 2-cones to pseudo- or lax-natural transformations, or considering bi-type limits and bi-terminal objects, there is still no such correspondence.
Climate change and more disturbed land-use types will further the invasion of a non-native annual grass, Ventenata dubia
Authors: Adhikari Arjun , Mangold Jane , Mainali Kumar P. , Rew Lisa J.
Published: September 2022

Identification of suitable habitat for invasive weeds and their projected infestation extent across different land use cover types under a changing climate is crucial for the broad management goals of prevention, detection, and rapid response. In this study, we adopted an ensemble approach of species distribution models to project potential habitat of the invasive annual grass, Ventenata dubia, within the Gallatin County and along its road corridors, in Montana, USA, under current and future climates. The model prediction of V. dubia habitat was excellent with an AUC value of > 0.90. The climate predictors with most influence on V. dubia occurrence were precipitation, potential evapo-transpiration, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and solar radiation for growing season months. Under current climate, the model projected 243 and 1,371 km2 coverage of V. dubia along road corridors and the entire County, respectively. The projected coverage of V. dubia was greatest for road corridors (239% under RCP4.5 and 302% under RCP8.5) compared to that of Gallatin County (127% under RCP4.5 and 241% under RCP8.5). Among the land use cover types, the model projected greatest expansion of V. dubia across agriculture land with 425% and 484%, and grasslands with 278% and 442% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 respectively. Our modelling approach suggests that the changing climate will facilitate spread and establishment of non-native species in disturbed habitats. We conclude that V. dubia with a short history of invasion is expanding at an alarming rate and requires greater investment in detection and monitoring to prevent further expansion.
Comparison of microfluidic platforms for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients
Authors: Sajdik Constantin , Schuster Eva , Holzer Barbara , Krainer Michael , Deutschmann Christine , Peter Stefan , Marhold Maximilian , Zeillinger Robert , Obermayr Eva
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold promise to be a non-invasive measurable biomarker in all cancer stages. Because the analysis of CTCs is still a technical challenge, we compared different types of microfluidic enrichment protocols to isolate these rare cells from the blood.

Methods

Blood samples from patients with early and metastatic breast cancer (BC) were processed using the microfluidic Parsortix® technology employing (i) a single-step cell separation using the standard GEN3D6.5 microfluidic cassette, (ii) a two-step separation with an upfront pre-enrichment, and (iii) a two-step separation with a different type of cassette. In the enriched cells, the gene expression levels of CTC-related transcripts were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) by Taqman® and Lightcycler (LC) technology.

Results

23/60 (38.3%) BC samples were assigned as positive due to the presence of at least one gene marker beyond the threshold level. The prevalence of epithelial markers was significantly higher in metastatic compared to early BC (EpCAM: 31.3% vs. 7.3%; CK19: 21.1% vs. 2.4%). A high level of concordance was observed between CK19 assessed by Taqman® and LC technology, and for detection of the BC-specific gene SCGB2A2. An upfront pre-enrichment resulted in lower leukocyte contamination, at the cost of fewer tumor cells captured.

Conclusion

The Parsortix® system offers both reasonable recovery of tumor cells and depletion of contaminating leukocytes when the single-step separation using the GEN3D6.5 cassette is employed. Careful selection of suitable markers and cut-off thresholds is an essential point for the subsequent molecular analysis of the enriched cells.
Sustainable multi-channel supply chain design: an intuitive fuzzy game theory approach to deal with uncertain business environment
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Mahmoudi Reza , Emrouznejad Ali , Hafezalkotob Ashkan
Published: September 2022

By introducing the concept of sustainable development, managers and policymakers in many industries have been encouraged to consider environmental and social issues in addition to economic objectives in their planning. Following this concept, sustainable supply chain management has become the main concern of many studies. Among all the strategies to achieve sustainability targets in a supply chain, cooperating with third-party logistics companies has attracted lots of attention. By providing more sustainable and efficient transportation services, 3PLs can help all types of regular, closed-loop, and circular SCs achieve more profit, while they are still sustainable, at least in distribution and collection/recycling stages. This study investigates the sustainable multi-channel SC design problem in the presence of the government and 3PLs. To bring the present study closer to the real-world situation, the problem is modeled using an intuitionistic fuzzy uncertainty approach. Considering the government as the leader of the SC in two centralized and decentralized decision structures, game theory has been applied to model the game between players and obtain optimal decision values. For the first time in the literature, public awareness toward green activities of the players, emission reduction, uncertainty, and delivery time have been considered in this study. The results show the presence of a 3PL will reduce the delivery time and the amount of pollution. Also, the findings confirm that governments can control the players' activities and encourage them to apply green strategies using financial tools.
Who Wants to Become Italian? A Study of Interest in Naturalisation among Foreign Migrants in Italy
Authors: Barbiano di Belgiojoso Elisa , Ortensi Livia Elisa
Published: September 2022

Since the early 1990s, Italy, along with other countries situated at Europe’s periphery, has become an attractive destination for migrants due to its lax regulation of migration and its job market. Despite its restrictive naturalisation laws, an increasing number of migrants are becoming eligible for Italian citizenship, which has led to a growing number of naturalisations in recent years. Existing research exploring naturalisation and its determinants has found migrants’ ability to attain citizenship strongly depends on their interest in becoming a member of the host state, requirements (as defined by the host country), and their capacity to overcome various constraints such as the costs involved in the naturalisation process. However, few empirical studies have focused on immigrants’ interest in naturalisation. To fill this gap, we analyse migrants’ interest in naturalisation and how it correlates to their eligibility. This paper relies on the most recent data on interest in naturalisation from the 2018 and 2019 waves of the Regional Observatory for Integration and Multiethnicity of Lombardy (Italy). The results show that not all migrants are interested in naturalisation after assessing its perceived costs and benefits, thus confirming an instrumental approach to citizenship. Interest is mostly related to the legislation and conditions in the country of origin. Moreover, the relationship between eligibility and interest is highly dependent on civil stratification, and eligibility is not directly associated with interest.
Adolescent Family Characteristics Partially Explain Differences in Emerging Adulthood Subjective Well-Being After the Experience of Major Life Events: Results from the German KiGGS Cohort Study
Authors: Cohrdes Caroline , Meyrose Ann-Katrin , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Hölling Heike
Published: September 2022

Experiences from major life events (MLEs; e.g., starting work or living independently) accumulate in the transition to emerging adulthood. Adaption to such events, often operationalized as responses in subjective well-being (SWB), is highly diverse. This observation has prompted attempts to explain differences in SWB responses among individuals as well as events. Early family characteristics have been discussed as potentially enduringly beneficial or harmful for successful adaption to MLEs in emerging adulthood. In the current study, we investigated adolescent family characteristics as longitudinal predictors of emerging adult mental and physical SWB (direct associations) and their explanatory value for SWB differences after the experience of MLEs (indirect associations). Analyses were based on data from a German national cohort study of 6255 emerging adults (KiGGS survey; 46.6% male; mean age = 22.78 years, standard deviation = 3.26 years) who had participated in the baseline study 11 years prior. Results showed that, while experiencing unemployment or severe illness was most negatively related to SWB, high educational attainment had the most positive correlation. Adolescent family characteristics were longitudinal predictors of emerging adult SWB and partially explained differences in SWB after the experience of several MLEs. Most notably, adolescent family characteristics were indirectly associated with emerging adult SWB via permanent relationships, educational attainment, and unemployment. The results provide a basis for the better understanding and further development of research and targeted intervention or prevention measures to facilitate adaptive capacity and reduce adverse effects from certain events on SWB in the transition to emerging adulthood.
A Formalization of Dedekind Domains and Class Groups of Global Fields
Authors: Baanen Anne , Dahmen Sander R. , Narayanan Ashvni , Nuccio Mortarino Majno di Capriglio Filippo A. E.
Published: September 2022

Dedekind domains and their class groups are notions in commutative algebra that are essential in algebraic number theory. We formalized these structures and several fundamental properties, including number-theoretic finiteness results for class groups, in the Lean prover as part of the mathematical library. This paper describes the formalization process, noting the idioms we found useful in our development and ’s decentralized collaboration processes involved in this project.
Environmental Law and the Unsustainability of Sustainable Development: A Tale of Disenchantment and of Hope
Authors: Kotzé Louis J. , Adelman Sam
Published: September 2022

In this article we argue that sustainable development is not a socio-ecologically friendly principle. The principle, which is deeply embedded in environmental law, policymaking and governance, drives environmentally destructive neoliberal economic growth that exploits and degrades the vulnerable living order. Despite seemingly well-meaning intentions behind the emergence of sustainable development, it almost invariably facilitates exploitative economic development activities that exacerbate systemic inequalities and injustices without noticeably protecting all life forms in the Anthropocene. We conclude the article by examining an attempt to construct alternatives to sustainable development through the indigenous onto-epistemology of buen vivir. While no panacea, buen vivir is a worldview that offers the potential to critically rethink how environmental law could re-orientate away from its ‘centered’, gendered and anthropocentric, neoliberal sustainable development ontology, to a radically different ontology that embraces ecologically sustainable ways of seeing, being, knowing and caring.
Wasserstein dropout
Authors: Sicking Joachim , Akila Maram , Pintz Maximilian , Wirtz Tim , Wrobel Stefan , Fischer Asja
Published: September 2022

Despite of its importance for safe machine learning, uncertainty quantification for neural networks is far from being solved. State-of-the-art approaches to estimate neural uncertainties are often hybrid, combining parametric models with explicit or implicit (dropout-based) ensembling. We take another pathway and propose a novel approach to uncertainty quantification for regression tasks, Wasserstein dropout, that is purely non-parametric. Technically, it captures aleatoric uncertainty by means of dropout-based sub-network distributions. This is accomplished by a new objective which minimizes the Wasserstein distance between the label distribution and the model distribution. An extensive empirical analysis shows that Wasserstein dropout outperforms state-of-the-art methods, on vanilla test data as well as under distributional shift in terms of producing more accurate and stable uncertainty estimates.
The role of citation networks to explain academic promotions: an empirical analysis of the Italian national scientific qualification
Authors: Martini Maria Cristiana , Pelle Elvira , Poggi Francesco , Sciandra Andrea
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to study the role of citation network measures in the assessment of scientific maturity. Referring to the case of the Italian national scientific qualification (ASN), we investigate if there is a relationship between citation network indices and the results of the researchers’ evaluation procedures. In particular, we want to understand if network measures can enhance the prediction accuracy of the results of the evaluation procedures beyond basic performance indices. Moreover, we want to highlight which citation network indices prove to be more relevant in explaining the ASN results, and if quantitative indices used in the citation-based disciplines assessment can replace the citation network measures in non-citation-based disciplines. Data concerning Statistics and Computer Science disciplines are collected from different sources (ASN, Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Scopus) and processed in order to calculate the citation-based measures used in this study. Then, we apply logistic regression models to estimate the effects of network variables. We find that network measures are strongly related to the results of the ASN and significantly improve the explanatory power of the models, especially for the research fields of Statistics. Additionally, citation networks in the specific sub-disciplines are far more relevant than those in the general disciplines. Finally, results show that the citation network measures are not a substitute of the citation-based bibliometric indices.
Detecting anomalous referencing patterns in PubMed papers suggestive of author-centric reference list manipulation
Authors: Wren Jonathan D. , Georgescu Constantin
Published: September 2022

Although citations are used as a quantifiable, objective metric of academic influence, references could be added to a paper solely to inflate the perceived influence of a body of research. This reference list manipulation (RLM) could take place during the peer-review process, or prior to it. Surveys have estimated how many people may have been affected by coercive RLM at one time or another, but it is not known how many authors engage in RLM, nor to what degree. By examining a subset of active, highly published authors (n = 20,803) in PubMed, we find the frequency of non-self-citations (NSC) to one author coming from a single paper approximates Zipf’s law. Author-centric deviations from it are approximately normally distributed, permitting deviations to be quantified statistically. Framed as an anomaly detection problem, statistical confidence increases when an author is an outlier by multiple metrics. Anomalies are not proof of RLM, but authors engaged in RLM will almost unavoidably create anomalies. We find the NSC Gini Index correlates highly with anomalous patterns across multiple “red flags”, each suggestive of RLM. Between 81 (0.4%, FDR < 0.05) and 231 (1.1%, FDR < 0.10) authors are outliers on the curve, suggestive of chronic, repeated RLM. Approximately 16% of all authors may have engaged in RLM to some degree. Authors who use 18% or more of their references for self-citation are significantly more likely to have NSC Gini distortions, suggesting a potential willingness to coerce others to cite them.
Review of Finding the Wind: A Novel for Young People of Any Age (2022)
Authors: Romm Norma , McIntyre-Mills Janet
Published: September 2022

This review is written in the form of a dialogue between the author (Janet Mills) and the reviewer (Norma Romm). This fits well with the way we usually work together as it helps to unfold ideas and to consider whether they can be improved. A conversation as we see it implies that the speaker does not wish to speak in an authoritative voice but invites and encourages further engagement with ideas as presented.
“My body…tends to betray me sometimes”: a Qualitative Analysis of Affective and Perceptual Body Image in Individuals Living with Endometriosis
Authors: Sayer-Jones Katherine , Sherman Kerry A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Endometriosis is a chronic reproductive disease manifesting in physical symptoms including pain, abdominal swelling, altered bowel and bladder function, and fatigue. These symptoms potentially threaten body image regarding subjective perceptions of functional, appearance, and sensory aspects of one’s body. The aim of this study was to qualitatively understand how endometriosis impacts on affective and perceptual aspects of body image.

Method

Participants (N = 40) were recruited through endometriosis consumer organizations. In an online survey, participants completed demographic and health history questions, then provided written narratives about body image–related impacts of their endometriosis in response to open-ended questions. These data were thematically analyzed using the template approach.

Findings

The majority of participants (Mage = 28.3 years) were employed part-time, diagnosed on average for 4.2 years, and reported pelvic pain and bloating, fatigue, and nausea symptoms. Thematic analysis yielded three themes including My Body is a Barrier, Needing to Hide Myself, and Body as Healer and Teacher, all of which reflected affective and perceptual aspects of body image.

Conclusion

These findings highlight wide-ranging body image–related impacts of endometriosis, suggesting the need for targeted interventions to address these concerns.
Teaching and Learning the Notion of Normal Distribution Using a Digital Resource
Authors: Salinas-Herrera Jesús , Salinas-Hernández Ulises
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the support provided using technology for learning the notion of normal distribution in high school students through the implementation of a teaching experiment. A strategy was designed and implemented using Fathom software as the main teaching resource. Data analysis focused on the role of the use of technology in student learning and the simulation process, considering the initial session. The conceptual framework was based on the documentational approach to didactics, whose perspective is to study the teacher’s use and design of resources in his teaching practice. Likewise, the results of the teaching experiment, whose objective was to introduce high school students to the notion of normal distribution by taking advantage of the repeated sampling resource using the Fathom software, are presented. The results show that the collaborative aspect of the lesson study methodology allowed professors to reflect and become aware of how they usually use the resources in their regular practice and thus contribute to improving their teaching activity. Evidence is provided on how students initiate a change in their reasoning to identify the probability of data collection from the simulation of problems with the software.
Factors contributing to a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on a mixed medical-surgical unit in a Canadian acute-care hospital
Authors: McCallum Megan K. , Patriquin Glenn , Davis Ian R.C. , MacDonald Tammy , Gaston Daniel , LeBlanc Jason J. , Shabi Yahya , Johnston B. Lynn
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To identify preventable factors that contribute to the cross transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to patients in healthcare facilities.

Design:

A case–control study was conducted among inpatients on a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak unit.

Setting:

This study was conducted in a medical-surgical unit of a tertiary-care hospital in Nova Scotia in May 2021.

Patients:

Patients hospitalized on the unit for at least 12 hours and healthcare workers (HCW) working on the unit within 2 weeks of outbreak declaration were included.

Methods:

Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to identify SARS-CoV-2 strain relatedness. Network analysis was used to describe patient accommodation.

Results:

SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified in 21 patients (29.6%) and 11 HCWs (6.6%). WGS data revealed 4 distinct clades of related sequences. Several factors likely contributed to the outbreak, including failure to identify SARS-CoV-2, a largely incomplete or unvaccinated population, and patient wandering behaviors. The most significant risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection was room sharing with an infectious patient, which was the only factor that remained statistically significant following multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR], 9.2l; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04–41.67; P = .004).

Conclusions:

This outbreak likely resulted from admission of 2 patients with COVID-19, with subsequent transmissions to 17 patients and 11 staff. WGS and bioinformatics analyses were critical to identifying previously unrecognized nosocomial transmissions of SARS-CoV-2. This study supports strategies to reduce nosocomial transmissions of SARS-CoV-2, such as single-patient rooms, promotion of COVID-19 vaccination, and infection prevention and control measures including management of wandering behaviors.
The (scarce and circumscribed) culinary content in food-based dietary guidelines around the world: 1991–2021
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Fernandes Brito de , Martins Carla Adriano , Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro de
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the culinary content of key messages contained in food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) available at the global online repository of the FAO of the UN.

Design:

Document analysis was conducted in August 2021 with data extraction of key messages explicitly related to cooking present in FBDG. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.

Setting:

The FAO’s global repository of FBDG.

Participants:

Not applicable.

Results:

Just over half (n 39; 53·4 %) of the seventy-three FBDG analysed included at least one key message about cooking. The Latin American and Caribbean FBDG presented the greatest amount and variety of content about cooking in the key messages, whereas the Near East and North America placed less emphasis on cooking. We identified three themes: (i) healthy food preparation (n 35; 61·4 % of the fifty-seven culinary key messages identified); (ii) food hygiene (n 14; 24·6 %) and (iii) the promotion of culinary practices (n 7; 12·3 %). Albania’s key message covered two themes (food hygiene and healthy food preparation) (n 1; 1·8 %).

Conclusion:

FBDG are official documents that express recommendations for a healthy diet. As most of these recommendations throughout the world include foods that must be cooked prior to consumption, culinary content should gain more visibility and be presented more broadly in these official documents.
Tracing the lactate shuttle to the mitochondrial reticulum
Authors: Brooks George A. , Curl Casey C. , Leija Robert G. , Osmond Adam D. , Duong Justin J. , Arevalo Jose A.
Published: September 2022

Isotope tracer infusion studies employing lactate, glucose, glycerol, and fatty acid isotope tracers were central to the deduction and demonstration of the Lactate Shuttle at the whole-body level. In concert with the ability to perform tissue metabolite concentration measurements, as well as determinations of unidirectional and net metabolite exchanges by means of arterial–venous difference (a-v) and blood flow measurements across tissue beds including skeletal muscle, the heart and the brain, lactate shuttling within organs and tissues was made evident. From an extensive body of work on men and women, resting or exercising, before or after endurance training, at sea level or high altitude, we now know that Organ–Organ, Cell–Cell, and Intracellular Lactate Shuttles operate continuously. By means of lactate shuttling, fuel-energy substrates can be exchanged between producer (driver) cells, such as those in skeletal muscle, and consumer (recipient) cells, such as those in the brain, heart, muscle, liver and kidneys. Within tissues, lactate can be exchanged between white and red fibers within a muscle bed and between astrocytes and neurons in the brain. Within cells, lactate can be exchanged between the cytosol and mitochondria and between the cytosol and peroxisomes. Lactate shuttling between driver and recipient cells depends on concentration gradients created by the mitochondrial respiratory apparatus in recipient cells for oxidative disposal of lactate.
mHealth system (ATOPE+) to support exercise prescription in breast cancer survivors: a reliability and validity, cross-sectional observational study (ATOPE study)
Authors: Postigo-Martin Paula , Gil-Gutiérrez Rocío , Moreno-Gutiérrez Salvador , Lopez-Garzon Maria , González-Santos Ángela , Arroyo-Morales Manuel , Cantarero-Villanueva Irene
Published: September 2022

Physical exercise is known to be beneficial for breast cancer survivors (BCS). However, avoiding nonfunctional overreaching is crucial in this population, as they are in physiological dysregulation. These factors could decrease their exercise capacity or facilitate nonfunctional overreaching, which can increase their risk of additional morbidities and even all-cause mortality. The focus of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the ATOPE+ mHealth system to estimate autonomic balance and specific wellness parameters associated with BCS’ perceived load, thereby informing nonlinear prescriptions in individualized physical exercise programs for BCS.Twenty-two BCS were included in the reliability and validity analysis. Measures were taken for four days, including morning autonomic balance by heart rate variability, self-reported perception of recovery from exercise, sleep satisfaction, emotional distress and fatigue after exertion. Measures were taken utilizing the ATOPE+ mHealth system application. The results of these measures were compared with criterion instruments to assess validity.The reliability results indicated that the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed an excellent correlation for recovery (0.93; 95% CI 0.85–0.96) and distress (0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.97) as well as good correlation for the natural logarithm of the mean square root differences of the standard deviation (LnRMSSD) (0.87; 95% CI 0.74–0.94). Sleep satisfaction also showed an excellent correlation with a weighted kappa of 0.83. The validity results showed no significant differences, except for fatigue. ATOPE+ is reliable and valid for remotely assessing autonomic balance, perception of recovery, sleep satisfaction and emotional distress in BCS; however, it is not for fatigue. This highlights that ATOPE+ could be an easy and efficient system used to assess readiness in BCS, and could help to improve their health by supporting the prescription of optimal and safe physical exercise. Trial registration NCT03787966 ClinicalTrials.gov, December 2019 [ATOPE project]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03787966.
Exploring the motivational roots of farmers’ adaptation to climate change‑induced water stress through incentives or norms
Authors: Zobeidi Tahereh , Yaghoubi Jafar , Yazdanpanah Masoud
Published: September 2022

The aim of the current study is to consider farmers' perceptions regarding the impacts of climate change on water resources and their intention toward adaptation in southwestern Iran. To this end, this study applied the theory of reasoned action and the norm activation model as well as these two models in combination. A descriptive quantitative research study was designed and conducted using cross-sectional survey methods among 250 farmers in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran, selected through multistage sampling methods. Research data were collected through a structured questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts; scale reliability of the questionnaire was approved through a pilot study. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the norm activation model, the theory of reasoned action, and a model integrating the two can predict 32, 42, and 47%, respectively, of changes in farmers' intention toward performing climate-change adaptation activities. In the combined model, personal norm, subjective norm, and attitude were able to influence the farmers’ intention to perform adaptive behaviors. Attitude towards adaptation is the most powerful predictor in explaining intention to adaptation. Subjective norm is the most important predictors of moral norms which is the logical confirmation behind the combination of the two models. In addition, the combined model has better predicting powerful that each model separately. The research findings hold valuable implications for policymakers seeking to increase the intention of farmers to implement adaptation activities against a background of harsh climate change and water scarcity in this region of Iran.
Nucleation and manipulation of single skyrmions using spin-polarized currents in antiferromagnetic skyrmion-based racetrack memories
Authors: Belrhazi Hamza , El Hafidi Mohamed
Published: September 2022

In this work, an ultrafast nucleation of an isolated anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmion was reported in an AFM layer with DMi strengths of 0.47$$-$$
-
0.32 $$\mathrm{mJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$$

mJ
/

m

2

using spin-transfer torque by locally injecting pure spin currents into magnetic tracks. Besides, we revealed the key advantages of AFM skyrmion-based racetrack memories by comparing the motion of AFM and FM skyrmions driven by spin–orbit torques (SOTs) for different skyrmion sizes along racetrack memories with various notch sizes. Our results indicate that for AFM skyrmion, the skyrmion Hall effect does not exist during the skyrmion motion, therefore at small skyrmion sizes, we succeeded to overcome the repulsive forces developed in the notch area for low and large SOTs. The obtained findings were carefully analyzed by computing the variation of energy barriers associated with the notch for different skyrmion sizes using minimum energy path (MEP) calculations. We showed that the larger the skyrmion size, the harder it is to shrink the skyrmion in the notch which produces a high energy barrier (Eb) for large skyrmion sizes. Moreover, as the notch size increases, the skyrmion size shrinks further, and hence Eb increases proportionally. Nevertheless, we proved that AFM skyrmions are more efficient and flexible than FM skyrmions against boundary forces.
Streptomyces hydrogenans strain DH-16 alleviates negative impact of Meloidogyne incognita stress by modifying physio-biochemical attributes in Solanum lycopersicum plants
Authors: Sharma Nandni , Manhas Rajesh Kumari , Ohri Puja
Published: September 2022

The current study assessed the nematicidal and plant growth promoting potential of metabolites produced by Streptomyces hydrogenans strain DH-16 on morphological and physiological activities in 60 days old Solanum lycopersicum plants grown under Meloidogyne incognita stress. M. incognita infestation altered the levels of various photosynthetic pigments, various stress markers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in S. lycopersicum plants grown under in-vivo conditions. However, treatment with culture cells, supernatant and extract produced by S. hydrogenans strain DH-16 significantly reduced the number of galls in M. incognita infested plants when compared with untreated M. incognita infected plants. Moreover, the culture cells/ supernatant/ extract remarkably lowered the levels of stress markers (Hydrogen peroxide and Malondialdehyde) in infected plants and enhanced the activities of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, tocopherol) and enzymatic antioxidants (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Guaiacol peroxidase, Gluatathione-S-transferase and Polyphenol oxidase) in metabolites treated M. incognita infected plants. The enhanced level of different photosynthetic attributes were also evaluated by studying gas exchange parameters and different plant pigments. Moreover, an increment in the content of phenolic compounds such as total phenols, anthocyanin and flavonoids were also reflected in treated and nematode infested plants. The present study also evaluated the microscopic analysis depicting cell viability, nuclear damage and hydrogen peroxide localization in differently treated plants. The outcome of the present study therefore endorses the efficacy of DH-16 as a potential biocontrol agent that help plants in mitigating M. incognita stress.
Bridging oxygen atoms in trigonal prism units driven strong second-harmonic-generation efficiency in Sr3Ge2O4Te3
Authors: Sun Mengran , Xing Wenhao , Lee Ming-Hsien , Yao Jiyong
Published: September 2022

A new IR NLO crystal Sr3Ge2O4Te3 was successfully designed and synthesized by a “partial O-to-Te substitution” strategy. The bridging oxygen in [Ge2Te3O4] plays the most important role in the enhanced SHG effect of Sr3Ge2O4Te3.
A supramolecular nano-delivery system based on AIE PARP inhibitor prodrug and glycosylated pillar[5]arene for drug-resistance therapy
Authors: Yang Manman , Yang Ke , Gao Bingling , Wang Peng , Li Tianjiao , Zheng Yi , Pei Yuxin , Pei Zhichao , Lv Yinghua
Published: September 2022

A supramolecular nano-delivery system based on glycosylated pillar[5]arene (GP5) and an amide linked fluorescent DNA repair enzyme inhibitor (Pro-ANI) with the AIE effect was constructed for drug uptake visualization and drug-resistance therapy.
Electrochemical deoxygenative reduction of ketones
Authors: Sun Kunhui , Xu Zhimin , Ramadoss Velayudham , Tian Lifang , Wang Yahui
Published: September 2022

An electrochemical method of deoxygenative reduction of ketones under mild reaction conditions is reported.
Interactions of water and short-chain alcohols with CoFe2O4(001) surfaces at low coverages
Authors: Rushiti Arjeta , Falk Tobias , Muhler Martin , Hättig Christof
Published: September 2022

Alcohols dissociate on Fe and at an oxygen vacancy, whereas their adsorption is mainly molecular on Co. Orientation of the alcohol skeleton such that the C–O axis is perpendicular to the surface causes a blue-shift for the ν(CO) stretching vibration.
Understanding asymmetry effects at low grafting density on the self-assembly of polyion grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Pothukuchi Rajesh Pavan , Radhakrishna Mithun
Published: September 2022

Asymmetry effects on the self-assembly of grafted NPs.
Effect of conformational disorder on exciton states of an azobenzene aggregate
Authors: Titov Evgenii
Published: September 2022

First-principles calculations reveal the effect of conformational disorder on (de)localization of exciton states in an azobenzene aggregate.
Argentivorous molecules with chromophores: dependence of their fluorescence intensities on the distance between a donor and an acceptor
Authors: Ju Huiyeong , Hiraoka Takao , Horita Hiroki , Lee Eunji , Ikeda Mari , Kuwahara Shunsuke , Habata Yoichi
Published: September 2022

The dependence of the fluorescence intensities of argentivorous molecules with chromophores on the distances between a donor and an acceptor is reported. The photo-induced electron transfer (PET) effect becomes ineffective at about 12 Å in this system.
A systems level analysis of ethanol upgrading strategies to middle distillates
Authors: Restrepo-Flórez Juan-Manuel , Ryu Joonjae , Witkowski Dustin , Rothamer David A. , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: September 2022

We systematically study the upgrading of ethanol toward middle distillates with desired properties.
Hollow MoS2-supported MAPbI3composites for effective photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: He Jiaqi , Li Xiang , Zhang Tiantian , Li Qiulin , Lou Yongbing , Chen Jinxi
Published: September 2022

A facile and effective electrostatic adsorption method was developed to fabricate H-MoS2/MAPbI3composites, which improved hydrogen evolution activity and stability.
Enhanced formation of bioactive and strong silk–bioglass hybrid materials through organic–inorganic mutual molecular nucleation induction and templating
Authors: Bayattork Mina , Du Juan , Aye San Seint Seint , Rajkhowa Rangam , Chen Sihao , Wang Xungai , Li Jingliang
Published: September 2022

Silk fibroin and bioglass coassemble to form a hybrid structure that is bioactive and mechanically strong.
Ni activated Mo2C by regulating the interfacial electronic structure for highly efficient lithium-ion storage
Authors: Guo Donglei , Yang Mengke , Xu Shu , Zhu Shuping , Liu Guilong , Wu Naiteng , Cao Ang , Mi Hongyu , Liu Xianming
Published: September 2022

The electronic conductivity, Li adsorption energy and Li+ diffusion barrier were improved by the formed interfacial electric field in Ni/Mo2C, which facilitates the ion/electron kinetics.
Reframing Aging Voice and Presbyphonia: What Else Can We Do?
Authors: Stradtman Megan , Etter Nicole M.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Presbyphonia is an age-related voice disorder that can reduce communication effectiveness and participation and overall hinder quality of life for older adults. This narrative review article conceptualizes presbyphonia as part of a spectrum of age-related voice changes and reviews benefits and limitations of current treatment options.

Conclusions:

Research demonstrates voice therapy for presbyphonia can be effective, but many older adults with symptoms of presbyphonia may not engage or persist in therapy for reasons ranging from limited awareness of voice disorder symptoms to difficulties accessing voice therapy. Furthermore, evidence-based strategies to prevent the development of presbyphonia are absent from the literature. This review introduces the possibility that voice use through leisure activities might serve as an adjunct or alternative to voice therapy for the aging voice. Research is needed, however, to determine which leisure activities, if any, can promote vocal function in older adulthood and the appropriate dosage of these activities. Finally, this clinical focus article proposes a conceptual model of future research and clinical practice aimed at addressing limitations in research and clinical practice, with the overall goal of reducing presbyphonia prevalence and the impact of presbyphonia on quality of life in older adults.
Filter‐Sketch: A two‐layer sketch for entropy estimation in the data plane
Authors: Lu Jie , Zhang Zheng , Chen Hongchang , Zhang Zhen
Published: September 2022

Entropy‐based approaches have been shown to aid various network measurement applications such as load balancing, anomaly detection, and traffic classification. Existing methods that assume out‐of‐band detection and/or use switches merely as accelerators require frequency communication between data and control plane, which increase the burden on the network and are no longer sufficient. To track these challenges, the authors design and implement a switch‐native approach for entropy estimation that can run detection function entirely inline on data plane. The authors first present Filter‐Sketch, a two‐layer sketch that supports frequency estimation with small and static memory allocation by separating elephant flow and mice flow. Then, the authors propose a mechanism based on memory‐optimized longest‐prefix match (LPM) to attain entropy at a line rate that completely executes in the programmable data plane. The trace‐driven evaluation shows that Filter‐Sketch achieves higher accuracy than the existing data plane algorithm in entropy estimation, where the relative error decreases by 0.65 on average.