bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum phosphate and mortality in incident dialysis patients in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Tiong Mark K. , Ullah Shahid , McDonald Stephen P. , Tan Sven‐Jean , Lioufas Nicole M. , Roberts Matthew A. , Toussaint Nigel D.
Published: May 2021

Aim

Hyperphosphataemia is associated with increased adverse outcomes, including mortality. Re‐examining this association using up‐to‐date data reflecting current and real‐world practices, across different global regions and in both haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, is important.

Methods

We describe the association between serum phosphate and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident dialysis patients between 2008 and 2018 using the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry. Time‐dependent Cox proportionate hazards models were used. Models were adjusted for available covariates and fitted for the overall cohort, and also each dialysis modality.

Results

31 989 patients were followed over 97 122 person‐years at risk (mean age at first dialysis 61 years, 38% female, 67% haemodialysis). We observed a U‐shaped association between serum phosphate and all‐cause mortality. In the fully adjusted model, categories of serum phosphate above and below 1.25–1.99 mmol/L were associated with progressively higher risk, reaching a hazard ratio of 2.13 (95% CI 1.93–2.36, p < .001) for serum phosphate ≥2.75 mmol/L, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.44–1.69, p < .001) for serum phosphate <1.00 mmol/L. Low and high levels of serum phosphate were also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, however the association with high serum phosphate was more pronounced (“J‐shaped relationship”). The associations were consistent across sub‐analyses of patients receiving haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment.

Conclusion

In this large contemporary dialysis cohort, both high and low levels of serum phosphate were independently associated with increased risk of mortality. Future studies are required to determine whether treatment of abnormal serum phosphate levels improves mortality.
The prevalence of extra‐salivary gland complications in immunoglobulin G4‐related sialadenitis
Authors: Zhou Wanhang , Li Yanfei , Yan Cong , Zheng Li , Liu Fayu , Sun Changfu
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of extra‐glandular lesions in patients with immunoglobulin G4‐related sialadenitis (IgG4‐RS).

Methods

Six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were systematically searched from the date of inception of each database to March 2021. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement was used to conduct methodological quality assessment, and a random‐effect meta‐analysis model was applied to estimate the prevalence. Publication bias was visually assessed using a funnel plot and calculated via Begg's and Egger's tests. The Stata 15 software was used to perform data analysis.

Results

A total of 43 articles comprising 1,864 patients with IgG4‐RS were considered to be eligible for this study. The pooled prevalence of extra‐salivary gland lesions in IgG4‐RS was 76.53% with a confidence interval (CI) of (69.39%, 83.04%). A higher prevalence was associated with studies published before or during 2015 (84.38%, CI [74.23%, 92.58%]) than those published after 2015 (68.55%, CI [58.44%, 77.88%]). Lacrimal gland involvement (54.68%, CI [45.61%, 63.60%]) and lymph node swelling (56.96%, CI [48.16%, 65.56%]) were the most frequent lesions.

Conclusions

Extra‐glandular lesions were common in patients with IgG4‐RS. More high‐quality prospective studies with less heterogeneity are required to determine the accurate prevalence.
Angiographic diagnosis for accurate assessment of congenital porto‐systemic shunt and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children
Authors: Doi Yuji , Kim Sung‐Hae , Ishigaki Mizuhiko , Sato Keisuke , Yoshimoto Jun , Mitsushita Norie , Nii Masaki , Yamoto Masaya , Urushihara Naoto , Tanaka Yasuhiko
Published: May 2021

Background

Congenital porto‐systemic shunt (CPSS) is a rare disease and can cause fatal complications. Accurate angiographic assessment is mandatory for proper treatment. Although technically difficult, we developed assessment techniques and assessed their accuracy. One technique came from evaluating patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO).

Methods

We conducted a single center retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of angiographic diagnostic procedure for the assessment of CPSS and EHPVO, and its impact on patients’ subsequent interventions and clinical course. Eight patients with CPSS and two patients with EHPVO who underwent diagnostic angiography were included. Assessment of the intrahepatic portal vein was performed in all patients. The route of the shunt, and portal vein pressure under shunt occlusion, were also evaluated for patients with CPSS. Evaluation was first attempted with a balloon angiographic catheter (standard method). Three additional techniques were performed as needed: (i) direct wedge‐catheter injection without balloon inflation, (ii) use of occlusion balloon in two patients, and (iii) hybrid angiography with sheath placement directly into the superior mesenteric vein.

Results

The standard method was sufficient in four patients. On the other hand, all three techniques were required in two patients each. One lost contact during follow up, but all other patients underwent optimal intervention. There were no complications related to the angiographic procedure.

Conclusions

Use of direct wedge‐catheter injection without balloon inflation, occlusion balloon, and hybrid catheterization improved the diagnostic yield in patients with CPSS or EHPVO.
Australian native seed sector practice and behavior could limit ecological restoration success: further insights from the Australian Native Seed Report
Authors: Gibson‐Roy Paul , Hancock Nola , Broadhurst Linda , Driver Martin
Published: May 2021

The Australian native seed sector is critical for undertaking ecological restoration but faces serious challenges from interacting factors, including native vegetation loss and habitat fragmentation, low funding levels, and climate change impacts. The Australian Native Seed Survey was conducted in 2016–2017 to better understand sector structure, practitioner perceptions, and practice. It found that most native seed is collected from small and fragmented tenures and from geographic ranges that greatly exceed “local provenance”; that the diversity of species available for restoration is typically low; that native seed is seldom quality tested; and that most annual seed collections (wild or production) are small in volume suggesting overall seed yields are modest in quantity and not sufficient to support large‐scale restoration. Together, survey findings raise serious concerns about the ability of the sector, as currently constituted and resourced, to meet projected future increases in the demand for seed or for achieving the effectiveness and efficiency required to meet UN‐Decade type ecological restoration outcomes. Central to recommendations for sector improvement are the following focus areas: maturing the native seed sector; sustainability; seed production; licensing; seed testing and tracking; and research.
Reflecting on twenty years of forest landscape restoration
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Berrahmouni Nora , Blaser Jürgen , Dudley Nigel , Maginnis Stewart , Mumba Musonda , Vallauri Daniel
Published: May 2021

Twenty years ago, in 2000, the term “forest landscape restoration” (FLR) was first defined by a group that included among others, all of the authors on this paper. Today, FLR is widely accepted and promoted among diverse groups, at all levels, from the political to the scientific. To mark FLR's 20th anniversary, we look back at major progress and challenges faced to implement this concept since its definition. We explore specifically five questions: (1) What are the top achievements and milestones related to FLR in the last 20 years? (2) What are key FLR products? (3) What are major FLR projects worth showcasing? (4) What have been significant obstacles to FLR in the last 20 years? (5) What are priorities taking FLR forward? Our intention with this article is to contribute contextual material for the launch of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration as well as to the many other ongoing FLR initiatives around the globe.
Operationalizing process‐based restoration for terrestrial communities
Authors: Ford Adam T.
Published: May 2021

Diverse perspectives in the theory and practice of restoration ecology create a productive space to continuously improve outcomes for people and biodiversity. The practical side of restoration ecology often focuses on the recovery of ecosystem structure—the habitat and organisms that create ecological communities. This structural approach has led to many successes, but falls short when it comes to accommodating both complex ecological interactions and a sustainable role for people as reciprocal agents in restoration practice. Process‐based restoration offers a complementary approach to this structural perspective. Just as structural restoration “balances a ledger” of facilitated and suppressed species based on their perceived value and role in meeting restoration goals, process‐based restoration focuses on suppressing weedy interactions and enhancing desired interactions. At least four features characterize process‐based restoration—including emphasis on the intrinsic and utilitarian values of: (1) the regenerating processes of natural disturbance; (2) functional, indirect, and trait‐mediated interactions; (3) selective connectivity to titrate the amount and types of ecological flows desired for recovery goals; and (4) an inclusive human connection with nature. These features work in concert, such as renewing the role of forest burning by Indigenous people to facilitate growth of forage plants that bolster populations of harvestable animals. With restoration becoming an increasingly vital and internationally recognized field in the coming century, a more effective and inclusive approach will be needed to conserve biodiversity and the cultures that depend on it.
Restoration, reclamation, and rehabilitation: on the need for, and positing a definition of, ecological reclamation
Authors: Gerwing Travis G. , Hawkes Virgil C. , Gann George D. , Murphy Stephen D.
Published: May 2021

Within the burgeoning field of restoration ecology, defining the concept of reclamation relative to rehabilitation and ecological restoration is important to enhance comparability between studies, as well as to enable clear communication of project specific methods and goals. The Society for Ecological Restoration's international standards (SER Standards), second edition, defines reclamation as “the process of making severely degraded land fit for cultivation or a state suitable for some human use.” However, we posit that this definition, and its anthropogenic focus, does not well match how the term is often used by practitioners, and in some legal or agency documents. Further, the relationship between restoration, rehabilitation, and reclamation is unclear. We propose a more specific term and definition, ecological reclamation: “the process of assisting the recovery of severely degraded ecosystems to benefit native biota through the establishment of habitats, populations, communities, or ecosystems that are similar, but not necessarily identical to surrounding and naturally occurring ecosystems.” This definition emphasizes that the objective of a reclamation project may not be direct human use, and begins to better distinguish between ecological reclamation, rehabilitation, and ecological restoration; however, more work and discussion on these relationships is required. Distinguishing these terms will result in better comparisons between studies, improving current and future literature reviews. Further, this term will also enable practitioners to better define project goals, and enhance communication to stakeholders, practitioners, and researchers.
How much does is cost to restore a grassland?
Authors: Knight Michelle L. , Overbeck Gerhard E.
Published: May 2021

Knowledge of the costs involved to implement a restoration project is imperative to most cost‐effectively allocate restoration funds, aid the prioritization of efforts, minimize waste, and conceive realistic objectives. When integrated with information regarding ecological and other socioeconomic indicators, consistent and complete cost‐reporting not only informs evaluations of overall project success but also aids practitioners and academics alike to assess the suitability of restoration innovations prior to implementation. Yet, despite awareness of the lack of cost information in restoration literature for at least 30 years, cost reporting, and thus analysis of cost variability, is still rare. This study discusses the results of a literature review and questionnaire conducted with grassland restoration practitioners internationally in order to better understand the costs related to grassland restoration, and to attempt to explain sources of variability in cost data. Only 12 scientific papers reporting cost data were retrieved, and although widely distributed, only 15 responses to the survey were registered. Northern hemisphere temperate grassland restoration projects dominated. Costs for grassland restoration were extremely variable, with costs of individual restoration activities/phases ranging from a few dollars to thousands of dollars. This variation derives from the highly context‐dependent nature of ecological restoration. The lack of cost data may hinder implementation of broader scale restoration projects, and mechanisms should be sought to collect standardized information and make it better available.
The role of propensity score structure in asymptotic efficiency of estimated conditional quantile treatment effect
Authors: Zhou Niwen , Guo Xu , Zhu Lixing
Published: May 2021

When a strict subset of covariates is given, we propose conditional quantile treatment effect () to offer, compared with the unconditional quantile treatment effect () and conditional average treatment effect (), a more complete and informative view of the heterogeneity of treatment effects via the quantile sheet that is a function of the given covariates and quantile levels. Even though either one or both and are not significant, could still show some impact of the treatment on the upper and lower tails of subpopulations' (defined by the covariates subset) distribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to consider such a low‐dimensional conditional quantile treatment effect in the literature. We focus on deriving the asymptotic normality of propensity score‐based estimators under parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric structure. We make a systematic study on the estimation efficiency to check the importance of propensity score structure and the essential differences from the unconditional counterparts. The derived unique properties can answer: what is the general ranking of these estimators? how does the affiliation of the given covariates to the set of covariates of the propensity score affect the efficiency? how does the convergence rate of the estimated propensity score affect the efficiency? and why would semiparametric estimation be worth of recommendation in practice? The simulation studies are conducted to examine the performances of these estimators. A real data example is analyzed for illustration and some new findings are acquired.
The last chapters of life: A proposed research agenda for studying narrative identity in older adulthood
Authors: Reischer Hollen N.
Published: May 2021

The study of narrative identity—the ongoing process of authoring our life stories and being shaped by them—has provided a rich conceptualization of adult personality, yielding important insights about the storied nature of meaning making in personality, particularly for young and midlife adults. However, little research has been done to investigate narrative identity in older adulthood, potentially resulting in a constrained understanding of narrative identity across the life span. I propose that much‐needed research on narrative identity in late life could substantiate or undermine a hypothesized shift in emphasis from authoring to reading life stories (McAdams, 2015), complicate and refine the master narrative framework (McLean & Syed, 2015), and offer new targets for narrative identity questions across the entire life span.
Red to Purple? Changing Demographics and Party Change in Texas
Authors: Huerta Juan Carlos , Cuartas Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Objective

 Texas is regarded as a safe Republican state, yet in recent elections Democrats have gained electoral ground. This study investigates if generational replacement and demographic changes are leading to an increase in Democratic identification, with the potential to create an environment for increasingly competitive elections. A competitive Texas will have national political implications.

Method

 Party identification and ideology are analyzed, with line graphs and linear regression, using public opinion surveys of Texans from 2009 to 2019. The impact of generation cohorts and demographics are the main independent variables of interest.

Results

 The findings demonstrate that younger cohorts of white Texans are less likely to identify as Republican and older cohorts of white Texans are most likely. All cohorts of Texans of color are likely to identify as Democrats.

Conclusions

 Generational and demographic changes are leading to an increase in Democratic party identification and a decline in Republican identification. The mobilization by parties of young Texans, who are trending toward Democrats, and people of color is critical to the future of Texas politics.
Red cell alloimmunization in haemato‐oncology patients transfused with packed red blood cells extended phenotype matched for Rh and Kell antigens versus the standard crossmatched units
Authors: Rajeev T Kiran , Jain Ashish , Marwaha Neelam , Prakash Gaurav , Sharma Ratti Ram
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives

There is limited evidence regarding the advantage of transfusing extended phenotype‐matched (EPM) packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to prevent alloimmunization in haemato‐oncology patients. This randomized control trial aimed to determine the alloimmunization in haemato‐oncology patients transfused with PRBCs which are EPM for Rh (C, E, c, e) and Kell (K) antigens (group I) versus those receiving standard compatible PRBCs (group II).

Materials and Methods

Patients having a negative antibody screen (ABS), direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and autologous control (AC) were randomly allocated to either group I or II (n = 50 each). A follow‐up (FU) testing post‐transfusion was conducted for haemoglobin (Hb), ABS and DAT at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. ABS was conducted using fully automated immunohaematology analyser, while DAT, compatibility testing and extended phenotyping were conducted manually using column agglutination technique.

Results

There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to mean (±SD) Hb at initial enrolment (group I, 5·06 ± 1·29 g/dl and group II, 5·41 ± 1·37 g/dl; P = 0·179), age (40 ± 17·3 years v/s 42·2 ± 17·2 years; P = 0·523), gender (P = 0·835) and diagnosis (P = 0·06). All patients in group I and II had negative ABS, DAT and AC at all three FUs. Group II patients were transfused more PRBCs (372 v/s 187, P = 0·000), while the mean Hb increment between successive FU was significant in both the groups (P = 0·003).

Conclusion

It appears that there is no added benefit of providing EPM PRBCs in haemato‐oncology patients, as none developed RBC alloantibodies.
Sensory adaptation at ribbon synapses in the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: De Faveri Francesca , Marcotti Walter , Ceriani Federico
Published: May 2021

Key points

The present study aimed to determine the sensory adaptation characteristics of hair cell ribbon synapses in vivo.

Hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line transmit hydrodynamic stimuli to the posterior lateral line ganglion afferent neurons.

Excitatory hair bundle deflections by water‐jet stimuli cause glutamate release at hair cell synapses with a rapid (phasic) and a sustained component, which are likely linked to the exocytosis of distinct vesicle pools.

The glutamate‐induced increase in afferent neuron firing rate adapts over time, which is mirrored by the depression of neurotransmitter release, without preventing phase‐locking.

Adaptation also occurs during inhibitory hair bundle displacements, highlighting a shift in the sensitivity range of the lateral line during prolonged stimulation.

Postsynaptic mechanisms exert some degree of regulation on the afferent firing adaptation.

We conclude that vesicle depletion is the primary determinant of firing rate adaptation, allowing lateral line hair cell ribbon synapses to maintain sensitivity to sustained stimuli.

Adaptation is used by sensory systems to adjust continuously their sensitivity to match changes in environmental stimuli. In the auditory and vestibular systems, the release properties of glutamate‐containing vesicles at the hair cell ribbon synapses play a crucial role in sensory adaptation, thus shaping the neural response to sustained stimulation. How ribbon synapses regulate the release of glutamate and how they modulate afferent responses in vivo is still largely unknown. Here, we have used two‐photon imaging and electrophysiology to investigate the synaptic transfer characteristics of the hair cells in the context of sensory adaptation in live zebrafish. Prolonged and repeated water‐jet stimulation of the hair cell stereociliary bundles caused adaptation of the action potential firing rate elicited in the afferent neurons. By monitoring glutamate at ribbon synapses using time‐lapse imaging, we identified two kinetically distinct release components: a rapid response that was exhausted within 50–100 ms and a slower and sustained response lasting the entire stimulation. After repeated stimulations, the recovery of the fast component followed a biphasic time course. Depression of glutamate release was largely responsible for the rapid firing rate adaptation recorded in the afferent neurons. However, postsynaptic Ca2+ responses had a slower recovery time course compared to that of glutamate release, indicating that they are likely to contribute to the afferent firing adaptation. Hair cells also exhibited a form of adaptation during inhibitory bundle stimulations. We conclude that hair cells have optimised their synaptic machinery to encode prolonged stimuli and to maintain their sensitivity to new incoming stimuli.
The Walking Classroom: Measuring the Impact of Physical Activity on Student Cognitive Performance and Mood
Authors: Weight Erianne A. , Harry Molly , Erwin Heather
Published: May 2021

Background: The Walking Classroom is an education program that provides students with an opportunity to accumulate physical activity without losing instructional time. Method: This research tests Kuczala’s application of kinesthetic learning theory through measuring knowledge retention, postactivity information processing, and mood in students who engage in a short bout of physical activity while listening to Walking Classroom podcasts about language arts, science, and history, and those who remain seated during a podcast, compared with baseline levels. Students from 9 high-poverty fourth- and fifth-grade classrooms (n = 319) in a North Carolina county comprised the sample. Results: Utilizing multivariate analysis of covariance, the results demonstrate significantly higher levels of learning while walking compared with learning while sitting. Measures of mood utilizing the 10-item version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale also demonstrated a significant effect in predicted directions. Conclusion: The results support that coupling physical activity with instruction leads to increased performance and mood for elementary school students.
The Relationship Between Patient Expectations and Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Cartilage Repair of the Knee: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Toonstra Jenny L. , Howell Dana , English Robert A. , Lattermann Christian , Mattacola Carl G.
Published: May 2021

Context: Patient expectations have been shown to be a major predictor of outcomes. Fulfilled expectations have been linked to increased patient satisfaction and rehabilitation adherence. Expectations may be influenced by a variety of factors, including patient characteristics, preoperative function, or disease characteristics. It is currently unknown what factors may influence patient expectations prior to cartilage repair of the knee, and to what degree. Furthermore, understanding the importance and values of those expectations for recovery using mixed methods has not previously been conducted in this patient population. The purpose of this mixed methods study is to examine and explore the relationships between patient expectations and functional outcome in patients undergoing cartilage repair of the knee. Design: A mixed methods design was used. Methods: Twenty-one patients scheduled to undergo cartilage repair of the knee were included. Participants completed the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Surgery Expectations Survey and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at their preoperative visit. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores were also obtained at 3 and 6 months postsurgery. A selected sample of 6 participants participated in semi-structured interviews 6 months postsurgery. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine relationships between expectations and functional outcome. Results: Patients have moderate expectations for recovery, and these expectations were positively associated with preoperative pain, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Expectations also correlated with symptoms 3 months postsurgery, but there were no other significant correlations between preoperative expectations and postoperative function in the short term. Four qualitative themes emerged as participants described how previous recovery experiences shaped their expectations. Conclusions: Formalized patient and caregiver education, prehabilitation, and the use of psychological skills during rehabilitation may help to manage patient expectations and provide more focused and individualized care, thus improving outcomes.
Chapter 9: Pathways Toward Desirable Futures
Authors: Mitchell Murray F. , Lawson Hal A. , van der Mars Hans , Ward Phillip
Published: May 2021

This special issue was designed to facilitate futures-oriented planning, focused on identical, similar, and unique practice and policy priorities. Formal planning aimed at desirable futures is a practical necessity for every helping profession because rapid, sometimes dramatic, societal change continues nonstop. Like all futures-oriented analyses, ours is unavoidably selective. Selectivity, once recognized, is a strength because readers are not asked to view the main claims and recommendations as a final authority. Selective research and scholarship focused on the creation and safeguarding of desirable futures has generative propensities that can provide the impetus for subsequent proposals aimed at the common good. In this chapter, the authors offer an integrative summary of the work in this special issue. Our summary invites readers’ special attention to distinctive features in their respective home contexts. This perspective stands in stark contrast to 20th Century models often described as “one best system” and “one ideal physical education model.” Justifiable variability—where “justifiable” means evidence-based and harmonized values—is the new norm for the 21st Century. The authors conclude that the physical education profession will benefit to the extent that it adopts the theme offered in this special issue. Unity founded on diversity—an idea whose time has come in a field known for fierce competition over curricula and programs.
Ambient noise Love wave attenuation tomography for the LASSIE array across the Los Angeles basin
Authors: Liu Xin , Beroza Gregory C. , Yang Lei , Ellsworth William L.
Published: May 2021

Ambient seismic noise amplitude information reveals hidden faults within the Los Angeles basin.
Conductance-stable liquid metal sheath-core microfibers for stretchy smart fabrics and self-powered sensing
Authors: Zheng Lijing , Zhu Miaomiao , Wu Baohu , Li Zhaoling , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi
Published: May 2021

Coaxial wet-spinning is used to fabricate stretchable liquid metal sheath-core microfibers with consistently high conductance.
Immunization with RBD-P2 and N protects against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates
Authors: Hong So-Hee , Oh Hanseul , Park Yong Wook , Kwak Hye Won , Oh Eun Young , Park Hyo-Jung , Kang Kyung Won , Kim Green , Koo Bon-Sang , Hwang Eun-Ha , Baek Seung Ho , Park Hyeong-Jun , Lee Yu-Sun , Bang Yoo-Jin , Kim Jae-Yong , Bae Seo-Hyeon , Lee Su Jeen , Seo Ki-Weon , Kim Hak , Kwon Taewoo , Kim Ji-Hwan , Lee Seonghwan , Kim Eunsom , Kim Yeonhwa , Park Jae-Hak , Park Sang-In , Gonçalves Marta , Weon Byung Mook , Jeong Haengdueng , Nam Ki Taek , Hwang Kyung-Ah , Kim Jihye , Kim Hun , Lee Sang-Myeong , Hong Jung Joo , Nam Jae-Hwan
Published: May 2021

A previously unknown SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protecting nonhuman primates from SARS-CoV-2 challenge was developed using RBD-P2 and N.
Supplemental Material: Across-arc variations in Mo isotopes and implications for subducted oceanic crust in the source of back-arc basin volcanic rocks
Authors: Li Xiaohui , al. et
Published: May 2021

Sample information, methods, and supplemental figures and tables.
Supplemental Material: Formation of the crater suevite sequence from the Chicxulub peak ring: A petrographic, geochemical, and sedimentological characterization
Authors: Kaskes Pim , al. et
Published: May 2021

Figures S1–S7 and Tables S1 and S2.
Variables associated with increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Loosen Sven H , Demir Münevver , Kunstein Anselm , Jördens Markus , Qvarskhava Natalia , Luedde Mark , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. Although both diseases often occur in the same patient population, their mutual influence is not fully understood. We therefore aimed at analyzing the impact of T2D on the incidence of NAFLD in a large cohort of outpatients in Germany.

Research design and methods

32 201 patients with T2D diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 were identified in the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database. Probability of NAFLD was analyzed using Cox regression models.

Results

The cumulative incidence of NAFLD within the 7-year observation period was 4.3%. The probability of NAFLD was significantly higher among patients with T2D with increased body mass index but not hemoglobin A1c. Prescriptions of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (HR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.64), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists (HR: 0.65, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.81), and insulin (HR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.8) were significantly associated with lower incidence of NAFLD.

Conclusion

Our data from a large population-based cohort of patients with T2D identified sociodemographic and therapeutic parameters associated with NAFLD incidence in patients with T2D which should be taken into account for novel therapeutic concepts.
Trending peripheral venous PCO2in patients with respiratory failure using mathematically arterialised venous blood gas samples
Authors: Weber Merle , Cave Grant
Published: May 2021

Background

Trending venous blood gases (VBGs) has been suggested as an alternative to arterial blood gases (ABGs) in patients with respiratory failure, but there are limits to its utility. The aim of this study was to compare the trending of venous carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) (pCO2v) with mathematically arterialised pCO2(pCO2ca) and to further evaluate whether pCO2ca follows change in arterial pCO2(pCO2a) more accurately.

Methods

We analysed two data sets. The first was a retrospective study of patients with respiratory failure admitted to the intensive care unit. Venous samples were mathematically arterialised using the vTAC method. The change in pCO2between two consecutive samples (ΔpCO2) for pCO2v was compared with the change in calculated pCO2ca values. In the second data set taken from previously published work, we analysed 82 trend points (difference between consecutive samples) for change in pCO2. There were pCO2v, pCO2a and pCO2ca values for each trend point. The primary outcome measures were the 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) between different sampling methods for ΔpCO2.

Results

In the first data set, 46 patients had 203 VBG results giving 157 trend points for ΔpCO2analysis. The 95% LOAs for ΔpCO2ca and ΔpCO2v were −9.28 to 11.12 mm Hg.

In the second data set, 95% LOAs for ΔpCO2were −9.46 to 9.48 mm Hg for ΔpCO2a and ΔpCO2v, −8.94 to 8.58 mm Hg for ΔpCO2ca and ΔpCO2v, and −4.54 to 4.91 mm Hg for ΔpCO2a and ΔpCO2ca.

Conclusion

This study suggests that trending pCO2v is not an accurate way to trend pCO2a in patients with respiratory failure. ΔpCO2ca via vTAC trended differently to ΔpCO2v. Our data suggest pCO2ca more accurately trends pCO2a.
Power of big data to improve patient care in gastroenterology
Authors: Catlow Jamie , Bray Benjamin , Morris Eva , Rutter Matt
Published: May 2021

Big data is defined as being large, varied or frequently updated, and usually generated from real-world interaction. With the unprecedented availability of big data, comes an obligation to maximise its potential for healthcare improvements in treatment effectiveness, disease prevention and healthcare delivery. We review the opportunities and challenges that big data brings to gastroenterology. We review its sources for healthcare improvement in gastroenterology, including electronic medical records, patient registries and patient-generated data. Big data can complement traditional research methods in hypothesis generation, supporting studies and disseminating findings; and in some cases holds distinct advantages where traditional trials are unfeasible. There is great potential power in patient-level linkage of datasets to help quantify inequalities, identify best practice and improve patient outcomes. We exemplify this with the UK colorectal cancer repository and the potential of linkage using the National Endoscopy Database, the inflammatory bowel disease registry and the National Health Service bowel cancer screening programme. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly being used to improve diagnostics in gastroenterology, with image analysis entering clinical practice, and the potential of machine learning to improve outcome prediction and diagnostics in other clinical areas. Big data brings issues with large sample sizes, real-world biases, data curation, keeping clinical context at analysis and General Data Protection Regulation compliance. There is a tension between our obligation to use data for the common good and protecting individual patient’s data. We emphasise the importance of engaging with our patients to enable them to understand their data usage as fully as they wish.
Effectiveness of self-management interventions in inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for the implementation of self-management strategies in patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Marques Andréa , Santos Eduardo , Nikiphorou Elena , Bosworth Ailsa , Carmona Loreto
Published: May 2021

Objective

To perform a systematic review (SR) on the effectiveness of self-management interventions, in order to inform the European League Against Rheumatism Recommendations for its implementation in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA).

Methods

The SR was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and included adults (≥18 years) with IA. The search strategy was run in Medline through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and PEDro. The assessment of risk of bias, data extraction and synthesis were performed by two reviewers independently. A narrative Summary of Findings was provided according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Results

From a total 1577 references, 57 were selected for a full-text review, and 32 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (19 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 13 SRs). The most studied self-management components were specific interactive disease education in ten RCTs, problem solving in nine RCTs, cognitive–behavioural therapy in eight RCTs, goal setting in six RCTs, patient education in five RCTs and response training in two RCTs. The most studied interventions were multicomponent or single exercise/physical activity in six SRs, psychosocial interventions in five SRs and education in two SRs. Overall, all these specific components and interventions of self-management have beneficial effects on IAs-related outcomes.

Conclusions

The findings confirm the beneficial effect of the self-management interventions in IA and the importance of their implementation. Further research should focus on the understanding that self-management is a complex intervention to allow the isolation of the effectiveness of its different components.
Effects of allelopathy and availability of nutrients and water resources on the survival and growth of plant species in a natural Dacrydium forest
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Chen Yongfu , Grenier-Héon David
Published: May 2021

A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms of allelopathy and resource availability is critical for protecting rare and endangered species, biodiversity, and ecosystems. We treated 20 major plant species with three concentrations of an aqueous extract of Dacrydium pierrei Hickel litter and different irrigation and nutrients to compare the relative importance of allelopathy and resource availability on roots, stem growth, and seed germination, using bioassays. The results showed that the height, ground diameter, and aboveground biomass of individuals increased more quickly in the early stage, and the rate of increase tended to slow down in the later stages. The allelopathy was species specific (inhibitory, neutral, or promotive), and the survival rate and growth rate of saplings changed significantly along a resource treatment gradient (P < 0.05), indicating that the native species diversity was reduced by lower or higher resource availability in natural forests. The effect of allelopathy on trees was relatively weak during the treatments, and that of resource availability was relatively strong. Resource availability is relatively more important than allelopathy in mediating the reduction in plant biodiversity. Therefore, water and nutrient availability and the species and number of allelochemicals released by plants have substantial influences on the survival and growth of plant species in a natural Dacrydium forest.
Possible assignments of highly excited $$\varLambda _c(2860)^+$$, $$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$ and $$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$
Authors: Gong Kui , Jing Hao-Yang , Zhang Ailin
Published: May 2021

Possible assignments of highly excited$$\varLambda _c(2860)^+$$Λc(2860)+,$$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$Λc(2880)+and$$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$Λc(2940)+are explored in a$$^3P_0$$3P0strong decay model. Decay widths, branching fraction ratios$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)and the branching fractions ofDNchannels of theses assignments are computed.$$D^0p$$D0pchannel is a very important channel to provide information on the inner excitation and structure of these highly excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λc. In our analysis,$$\varLambda _c(2860)^+$$Λc(2860)+may be a 1D-wave excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λcwith$$J^P={3\over 2}^+$$JP=32+, which has dominantDNdecay channels with a branching fraction$${\mathcal {B}}(\varLambda _c(2860)^+\rightarrow DN)=75\%$$B(Λc(2860)+→DN)=75%and a branching ratio$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}=0.12$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)=0.12.$$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$Λc(2880)+is very possibly a 1F-wave excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λcwith$$J^P=\frac{5}{2}^-$$JP=52-; In this assignment, the predicted total decay width ($$\varGamma \approx 4.49$$Γ≈4.49MeV) is comparable to the measured$$\varGamma =5.6^{+0.8}_{-0.6}$$Γ=5.6-0.6+0.8MeV, and the predicted$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}=0.12$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)=0.12is consistent with the measured$$R=0.225\pm 0.062\pm 0.025$$R=0.225±0.062±0.025; TheDNchannels are its dominant strong decay channels with a branching fraction$${\mathcal {B}}(\varLambda _c(2880)^+\rightarrow DN)=94\%$$B(Λc(2880)+→DN)=94%.$$\varLambda _c(2880)^+$$Λc(2880)+seems impossibly a 1D-wave excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λcwith$$J^P=\frac{5}{2}^+$$JP=52+once the presently measured$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)is confirmed.$$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$Λc(2940)+may be a 2P-wave excited$$\varLambda ^{1,0}_{c1,1}(\frac{3}{2}^-,2P)$$Λc1,11,0(32-,2P). In this case,$$\varLambda _c(2940)^+$$Λc(2940)+has a total decay width$$\varGamma =17.56$$Γ=17.56MeV, a branching ratio$$R={\varGamma (\varSigma _c(2520)\pi )\over \varGamma (\varSigma _c(2455)\pi )}=0.89$$R=Γ(Σc(2520)π)Γ(Σc(2455)π)=0.89and theDNdecay channels with a branching fraction$${\mathcal {B}}(\varLambda _c(2940)^+\rightarrow DN)=43\%$$B(Λc(2940)+→DN)=43%. In order to understand the inner excitation and structure of these highly excited$$\varLambda _c$$Λc, measurements of those predicted quantities are required in the future.
A Novel Rescheduling Algorithm for the Airline Recovery with Flight Priorities and Airport Capacity Constraints
Authors: Ji Chenlu , Gao Mingang , Zhang Xu , Li Jiaxuan
Published: May 2021

Many flights experience delays at the airport due to bad weather, temporary closures of airports, unscheduled maintenance, etc., which emphasizes the urgent need for disruption management. It is widely accepted for Chinese airline companies to determine the flight timetable according to the lexicographic preference of flight priorities. Flight schedulers usually deal with the preceding flights as important as the latter flight of a higher priority. In this paper, we propose a build-in flight feasibility verification algorithm to improve the rescheduling algorithm. A novel model of the feasibility verification problem is given, which is equivalent to the model of a maximum clique problem for networks. Examples and tests show the advantage of our algorithm, and the algorithm runs fairly quickly and can be plugged in other scheduling algorithms easily.
Optical data implies a null simultaneity test theory parameter in rotating frames
Authors: Kipreos Edward T. , Balachandran Riju S.
Published: May 2021

The simultaneity framework describes the relativistic interaction of time with space. The two major proposed simultaneity frameworks are differential simultaneity, in which time is offset with distance in “moving” or rotating frames for each “stationary” observer, and absolute simultaneity, in which time is not offset with distance. We use the Mansouri and Sexl test theory to analyze the simultaneity framework in rotating frames in the absence of spacetime curvature. The Mansouri and Sexl test theory has four parameters. Three parameters describe relativistic effects. The fourth parameter, [Formula: see text], was described as a convention on clock synchronization. We show that [Formula: see text] is not a convention, but is instead a descriptor of the simultaneity framework whose value can be determined from the extent of anisotropy in the unidirectional one-way speed of light. In rotating frames, one-way light speed anisotropy is described by the Sagnac effect equation. We show that four published Sagnac equations form a relativistic series based on relativistic kinematics and simultaneity framework. Only the conventional Sagnac effect equation, and its associated isotropic two-way speed of light, is found to match high-resolution optical data. Using the conventional Sagnac effect equation, we show that [Formula: see text] has a null value in rotating frames, which implies absolute simultaneity. Introducing the empirical Mansouri and Sexl parameter values into the test theory equations generates the rotational form of the absolute Lorentz transformation, implying that this transformation accurately describes rotational relativistic effects.
Effects of linear central potential induced by Lorentz symmetry breaking on a generalized Klein–Gordon-Oscillator
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin
Published: May 2021

We investigate the generalized Klein–Gordon (KG)-oscillator under the Lorentz symmetry breaking effects, where a linear electric and constant magnetic field is considered, and analyze its effects on the relativistic quantum oscillator. Furthermore, the behavior of the quantum oscillator in the presence of a Cornell-type scalar potential is analyzed and the solution of the bound state is obtained. We see that the analytical solution to the generalized KG-oscillator can be achieved and the angular frequency of the oscillator depends on the quantum numbers of the system.
Neuro Fuzzy Controller for DTC of Induction Motor Using Multilevel Inverter with SVM
Authors: Kiran Kumar B. , Siva Reddy Y. V. , Vijaya Kumar M.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an effective neuro-fuzzy controller (NFC) technique has been proposed to control the induction motor torque and flux. The NFC hybrid technique is the grouping of the neural network (NN) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC), which generated the target voltages with the corresponding input flux and torque. The novelty of the proposed hybrid technique is highly flexible in nonlinear loads, convenient user interface and logical intellectual and permitting for integrated controlling schemes. Here, the FLC generates the training dataset of the NN technique based on the logical rules. The generated dataset contains the information about the flux and torque deviation parameters and the corresponding reference voltage parameters. The NN has been trained based on training dataset and the testing time which produces the optimal reference voltage parameters depends on the variation of the torque and flux parameters. By using the output of the NFC technique, the space vector modulation (SVM) develops the appropriate control pulses to the five-level inverter and the inverter generates the output voltage signal to the induction motor. The proposed method is designed in the MATLAB/Simulink platform and the outputs are verified through the comparison analysis with the existing techniques.
Microscopic study of shape evolution and some important ground state properties of 190–210Au isotopes
Authors: Kumar Vikesh , Kumar Pankaj , Thakur Virender , Thakur Smriti , Dhiman Shashi K.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we have examined the nuclear structural properties of 190–210Au isotopes within the framework of the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov Model. For the theoretical calculations, we have used the UNEDF2 and SKP interactions. The studies include the shape evolution, quadrupole deformation parameter [Formula: see text], nuclear electric quadrupole moment Q(b), single-particle energy levels, the binding energy per nucleon, nuclear charge radius, neutron rms radius, proton rms radius and neutron skin thickness. To analyze the accuracy of our theoretical results, we have presented the comparative analysis with experimental data and finite-range droplet model calculations. The adequate resemblance with experimental data is supporting our studies. We observe the oblate-prolate shape coexistence for 190Au, 193Au and 195Au using the UNEDF2 interaction.