bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photographic retouching: the press picture editor's "invisible" tool 1930-1939 : a study of retouched press prints from the Art Gallery of Ontario's British Press Agencies Collection
Authors: Verbin Rachel
Published: June 2021

Photographic Retouching investigates the mediatory work of the news picture editor during the 1930s. It considers what retouched press photographs add to the history of modern photojournalism, and offers a re-examination of the historiography of 1930s press photography. A descriptive analysis of sixteen representative, retouched photographs from the Art Gallery Of Ontario (AGO) British Press Agencies Collection (BPAC) and ten corresponding newspaper and magazine page spreads from the Daily Mirror, the Sunday Dispatch and Life is carried out in conjecture with press photography manuals published between the years 1930 and 1939. A literature survey, methodology section and description of the BPAC provide introductory contextual and historical information. Chapters 4 and 5, the main analytical sections, focus on two aspects of retouching: the technical difficulties that afflicted press photography during the 1930s and how retouching was employed as a corrective tool; and the ways in which retouching was utilized to strengthen and improve upon the photograph’s ability to consistently convey a clear and visually efficient narrative for use by the press.
Criminal predictors and protective factors in a sample of young offenders : relationship to offending trajectories
Authors: Ward Ashley
Published: June 2021

Although the predictors of delinquency are well-documented in the psychological and criminological literature, an understanding of their relationship with longitudinal criminality in an offender sample has not been achieved. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between childhood and adolescent criminal predictors and protective factors and the four criminal trajectories identified by Day et al. (2008). Results revealed differences in predictor items among the trajectory groups within the individual, family and peer domains during childhood and adolescence. A backward stepwise procedure found that the following childhood variables, broken home and involvement with alternative care. Identifying the factors influencing the onset and maintenance of criminality can inform prevention and intervention programs that target antisocial and delinquent behaviour.
REEP : a data-centric, reliable and energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zabin Farhana
Published: June 2021

Recent advances in sensor technology and wireless communications have led to many new data dissemination routing protocols, especially designed for wireless sensor networks, where energy awareness is the most important consideration. The focus of this thesis is on the area of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, especially for those applications where, the whole sensor field need to be taken under observation to detect available different types of moving objects. Besides the efficient use of limited energy, reliability is another important issue in sensor communication, where the network is susceptible to environmental factors. In this thesis, the design of a new energy-efficient data-centric routing protocol, named Reliable and Energy-Efficient Protocol (REEP), is proposed. We have used MATLAB 7.4 for our implementation. The performance of REEP has been compared with Directed Diffusion (DD) for the aforementioned sensor network application. Our simulations and experimental results show that REEP performs better than DD.
A catalogue and inventory for Roberto Ariganello's personal collection at Canadian filmmakers distribution centre
Authors: Han Ningjiao
Published: June 2021

This is an applied project wherein 86 films by independent filmmaker Roberto Ariganello were catalogued at Canadian Filmmaker Distribution Center (CFMDC) from January-June 2018.
Ariganello is acknowledged as one of the most vital cultural workers when it comes to his devotion to the independent film and art industries, and as a grouping of orphan films, this collection of Ariganello’s has been ignored for a long period of time. The outcome is an inventory for a box containing Roberto Ariganello’s collection, which is stored at CFMDC. There are two chapters: the first is a biography, and study of the status and achievement of Ariganello as an independent filmmaker, as well as a brief history of different gauges of film. The second chapter offers a reflection on the process of cataloguing, a critical analysis of the collection, and preservation recommendations.
Phenol degradation by combined photochemical-biological wastewater treatment system : kinetic modeling and optimization
Authors: Edalatmanesh Maryam
Published: June 2021

A dynamic kinetic model, for the oxidation of phenol in water by UV/H₂O₂ system is developed. The model is based on elementary chemical and photochemical reactions, initiated by the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radical. Numerical values of chemical reaction rate constants and photochemical parameters are taken from literature. The model is validated with data on the oxidation of phenol in the simulated and the actual UV/H₂O₂ system. Using experimental data from literature, kinetic rate constants for the reactions involving phenol oxidation intermediates, catechol and hydroquinone, are estimated. The rate constants for the reactions, where phenol oxidized to catechol and hyroquinone by hydrogen peroxide are 9x10⁸ and 2x10⁸ s⁻¹ M⁻¹, respectively. The reaction rate constants for oxidations of catechol and hydroquinone by hydrogen peroxide are found to be 9x10⁸ and 8x10⁷ s⁻¹ M⁻¹, respectively.

Phenol biodegradation is best represented by a two-step Haldane model. Both photochemical and biological models are coupled together to give one single chemical-biological system. The photochemical-biological process is optimized for the retention time, electrical energy consumption, and cost. The optimization approach is solved using the Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) method.

The least retention time for this system is determined to be 99h and the optimal electrical energy consumption occurs at a photochemical retention time of 15h and a biological retention time of 92h.

Calculations on the total cost for different retention times show that the incurred cost by the photochemical unit is considerably higher than that by the biological unit. However, the minimum total cost is evaluated to occur at 15.5h of photochemical retention time and 90h of biological retention time.
Between life and the underground : a study of photography found in Rolling Stone magazine from 1967 to 1972
Authors: Lobo Rachel
Published: June 2021

In order to consider what the photography used within Rolling Stone magazine contributes to the history of photojournalism, Between Life and the Underground analyzes the aesthetic of the photography and conceptual layouts produced within the magazine. This study looks specifically at the period of 1967 to 1972, a time when mainstream publications like Life magazine ceased production and when over 500 underground publications were piloted. A comparative analysis of the design, economics, and production of both Rolling Stone and the underground publication the Berkeley Barb traces the influence that the underground had on the aesthetic of Rolling Stone’s photography and layout. The role that cover photography played in perpetuating the identity that Rolling Stone wanted to embody is also investigated. The influence that New Journalism had on the production of photojournalism at Life and Rolling Stone is also considered—framed around a comparison of the photographic coverage of the Woodstock Festival of 1969 and the police riots at the Democratic National Convention of 1968. This study concludes that the underground press cultivated a new photographic aesthetic and conceptual technique for laying out photographs which adhered to the ideals of the 1960s—namely informality, which Rolling Stone then adapted to create a profitable magazine.
From "Reel" to "Real" - Embodied Responses to Rape
Authors: Retta Bruktawit
Published: June 2021

Women’s perspectives of their embodied experiences of and responses to rape are explored in this research. In sexual violence literature, there is minimal focus on individuals’ experiences and responses to rape and when included, what is emphasized is medical, legal, and social systems responses.

Post-colonial intersectional feminist theory frames this research, highlighting impacts of social locations and systematic processes on the embodied multi-layered experiences of women who have been raped. Narrative methodology including creative data collection facilitated opportunities for participants to express their experiences. My analysis, grounded in participants’ stories and my own experience of rape, incorporated visual representations and poetry reflecting on sexual politics and discourse.

Creative dissemination of women’s narratives provides greater understanding of women’s embodied and contextual experiences of rape. Bringing to light the diversity and resilience of women who have experienced rape, can contribute to influencing health care policies and practices while advancing critical social justice.
Resettling minority groups : the case of the Somali Bantu
Authors: Kukubo Khwaka Daria
Published: June 2021

This paper argues the possession of formal education is essential for successful settlement in a western country. Using the Somali Bantu resettlement experience as a case study, this paper highlights the extent to which a lack of basic information can hamper a smooth transition into a western community. It is contended that a long history of social exclusion and intentional discrimination and abuse of the Somali Bantu resulted in their state of illiteracy and or lack of pre-literacy skills, which made their resettlement experience that much more difficult than usual. I will seek to support my argument by use of narrations and case studies obtained from refugee supporting agencies and settlement providing organization reports and the media.
Durability of concrete exposed to sulfuric acid attack
Authors: Joorabchian Seyed M.
Published: June 2021

This thesis investigates the effects of aggressive sulfuric acid attack on the concrete mixtures prepared with metakaolin (MK) and limestone filler (LF) at various replacement levels. In addition, rapid chloride permeability (RCPT), water sorptivity, water porosity and rapid freezing and thawing tests were also performed on the concrete samples. Three sulphuric acid solutions with concentrations of 3%, 5% and 7% were used for examining the resistance of concrete specimens for a total exposure period of eight weeks. The performance of the degraded specimens was evaluated by measuring the weight loss, change in strength and visual assessment. The results of the weight loss and visual assessment reveal that the increase in the amount of MK would enhance the performance of concrete, while inclusion of LF into MK concretes has shown positive results in terms of resistance against sulphuric acid attack. The mixtures with ternary binders of OPC, MK and LF experienced the lowest strength loss after exposure to high concentrations of sulphuric acid. Measuring the change of weight was found to be a better way to evaluate the resistance of concrete specimens immersed in sulfuric acid solutions as the results of the load bearing capacity can be affected by several parameters such as the variable geometry of degraded specimens. The rate of the water absorption of concrete with MK and LF was lower than the reference mixture with only Portland cement. The RCPT results also showed that the reference mixture had considerably higher permeability than other concrete mixtures. The results of the water porosity on degraded samples indicate that the inner parts of the concrete (not in contact with sulfuric acid) have remained sound and maintained their original pore structure after different exposure periods.
Assessing the barriers regarding Canada's labour market policies and their impact on Caribbean immigrants in the skill-trade sector
Authors: Hardial Shelleanne
Published: June 2021

Many racialized immigrants, particularly Caribbean immigrants, leave their countries in hope of attaining a better life in Canada. In addition, skilled immigrants are lured to Canada by an aggressive immigration policy which promotes the notion that there is potential for immigrants to improve their lives and succeed as well rounded citizens who contribute to the Canadian society (Teelucksingh and Galabuzi, 2005). However, when many racialized immigrants try to enter the Canadian labour market, they face various challenges which sometimes continue after finding employment. This study will address the concerns relating to the barriers that Canadian labour market policies can present in the labour market, and the ways in which some Caribbean immigrants understand the policies, and experience its impact through systemic barriers. With the use of interviews by key informants from the Caribbean community, this paper seeks to explore the ways in which some racialized immigrants are acutely affected by Canada’s labour market policies.
Towards Sustainability : Prioritizing Retrofit Options For Toronto's Single-Family Homes
Authors: Blaszak Katarzyna M.
Published: June 2021

This study investigates a preliminary retrofit ranking framework for single-family homes on the basis of net environmental effect. Four archetype homes developed to represent Toronto's existing housing stock were modeled using HOT2000 to calculate the operational energy requirements. The embodied effects of selected retrofits were then calculated using the ATHENA Impact estimator and a list of environmental summary measures produced. A method of combining operational and embodied effects based on these eight summary measures was proposed and the functioning and sensitivities of the equation were explored. The method is preliminary and incorporates two factors, a weighting factor and building science factor, that require further research. Analysis of the simultated results allowed generalizations about energy performance and prioritized retrofit recommendations for archetypes. In most retrofit cases operational energy dominates, however, the ranking equation shows the potential for certain conditions in which the embodied effects determine the ranking of a retrofit.
Shear And Flexural Behaviour Of Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Beams
Authors: Rashidian Ali
Published: June 2021

This research studied the shear and flexural behaviour of fiber reinforced lightweight self-consolidating concrete (FRLWSCC) beams made of three different fibers such as: High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE), Crumb Rubber (CR) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) compared with lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) beams. The performances of all beams were described based on load-deformation or moment-rotation response, strain developments, crack characterization, failure modes, ductility, stiffness and energy absorbing capacity. All FRLWSCC shear beams showed higher ultimate shear resistance, ductility and energy absorption capacity compared to LWSCC beams. All FRLWSCC flexural beams at failure exhibited higher flexural capacity, more cracks with smaller width, higher ductility, higher energy absorption capacity and lower stiffness compared to their LWSCC counterparts. FRLWSCC beams especially made of HDPE fibers showed better shear and flexural capacities besides satisfactory ductility performance. Experimental shear and flexural capacities of FRLWSCC beams were compared with those predicted from Code based and other existing equations.
Shear And Flexural Behaviour Of Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Beams
Authors: Rashidian Ali , Anwar Khandaker M.
Published: June 2021

This research studied the shear and flexural behaviour of fiber reinforced lightweight self-consolidating concrete (FRLWSCC) beams made of three different fibers such as: High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE), Crumb Rubber (CR) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) compared with lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) beams. The performances of all beams were described based on load-deformation or moment-rotation response, strain developments, crack characterization, failure modes, ductility, stiffness and energy absorbing capacity. All FRLWSCC shear beams showed higher ultimate shear resistance, ductility and energy absorption capacity compared to LWSCC beams. All FRLWSCC flexural beams at failure exhibited higher flexural capacity, more cracks with smaller width, higher ductility, higher energy absorption capacity and lower stiffness compared to their LWSCC counterparts. FRLWSCC beams especially made of HDPE fibers showed better shear and flexural capacities besides satisfactory ductility performance. Experimental shear and flexural capacities of FRLWSCC beams were compared with those predicted from Code based and other existing equations.
Retrieving histories: a case study of Cyril J. Brown’s family album
Authors: Mazari Aliya
Published: June 2021

This thesis examines the visual construction of family in the previously unknown personal album of Cyril J. Brown in the Royal Ontario Museum’s South Asian photography collection. Beginning with retrieving the object’s personal history and tracing its links to the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), the crossover in photographic content between Brown’s personal album and the Kautz Family YMCA Archive at the University of Minnesota is examined. In doing so, I argue that family photography and institutional forms of image making are interconnected through the use of familial photographic tropes and pictorialist techniques which are common to both collections. Finally, concluding with a reflection on the significance of Brown’s album for the genre of family photography.
Most distant fastnesses: the photography of the 1887 Yukon Expedition
Authors: Hakonson Alexander Leif
Published: June 2021

While there has been an increasing interest in the cultural and historical importance of 19th century survey photography, little attention has been paid to similar work conducted in Canada’s north. This paper examines the photography produced during the Geological Survey of Canada’s 1887 Yukon Expedition and its function as a tool of the Dominion government to exert control over the Yukon River Valley. By returning the photography to its functional roots and situating it within the larger documentary history of Canada’s westward expansion, this thesis argues that the images helped to do three things: prevent the abrogation of the 1825 treaty boundary between Alaska and Canada; collect visual evidence for the public record of the Yukon and Canada’s presence therein; and encourage settlement and development of the region by Canadian citizens.
Evaluation of Finite Element Software for Pavement Stress Analysis
Authors: Chen Huan
Published: June 2021

Different approaches are usually taken when designing flexible and rigid pavement: the rigid concrete slab carries major portion of the traffic load; while for flexible pavement, external loads are distributed to the subgrade because of the relatively low modulus of elasticity of asphalt layer comparing to concrete in the case of rigid pavement. Pavement engineering has gone through major developments; the transition from Empirical Design Method to Mechanistic-Empirical Methods is becoming a near-future trend. The Mechanistic-Empirical Method has two components: (1) stress, strain and deflection are calculated based on analyzing mechanical characteristics of materials; (2) critical pavement distresses are quantitatively predicted by experimental calibrated equations. Hence, stress analysis has become an important role in pavement engineering. The most practical and widely used stress analysis method for flexible pavement is Burmister's Elastic Layered Theory; and for analyzing rigid pavement is Finite Element Method. KENSLABS and STAAD-III are both Finite Element software; KENSLABS is designed specifically for concrete pavement stress analysis, therefore it is more user-frielndly for pavement design; STAAD-III is more suitable for general plane and space structures. The project compares the use of both software for stress analysis in rigid pavement in term of simplicity and precision.
Use of single vehicle collisions to model fatigue-related crashes on rural two-lane highways
Authors: Lin Xu
Published: June 2021

Fatigue-related crashes are believed to be more common on rural highways than on urban roads and on two-lane roads rather than on other rural road types. Thus an understanding of how design factors affect fatigue-related crashes on rural to-lane roads is vital. The problem is that fatigue is rarely reported as a cause of crashes, since is is rarely suspected by the police as a possible cause and since potential liability may motive the drivers not to reveal the real causes of the crash. Thus, getting a handle on these crashes thorough modeling is a formidable challenge. Fortunately, there is research to suggest that single-vehicle run-off-road crashes, particularly those during periods of low circadian rhythm, can be used as a reasonable surrogate in modeling fatigue--related crashes. The paper is based on research to examine how fatigue-related crashes rural on two-lane roads, as represented by single vehicle crashes, are affected by various engineering design factors. This study's goal is to explore the effects of fatigue on driving on rural two-lane roads in North America, and to consider how we can work towards mitigating the effects of fatigue on traffic safety. For this investigation, generalized linear and logistic regression modelling were used on US Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data from Ohio. Models were developed separately and combined for periods of high and low circadian rhythm and for single-vehicle run-off-road and other crashes. The results show, for example, the after controlling for traffic volumes, increases in speed limit, average curvature and average gradient and decreases in surface width and average shoulder width were found to be associated with increased fatigue related crashes. Important differences were found in the effects of factors for period of low and high circadian rhythm.
LGBTQ Immigrant Exclusion: An Introduction
Authors: Laing Johanna
Published: June 2021

Based upon personal experience, existing literature, original data from Toronto 211 and key informants, this research paper identifies the need for the development and implementation of settlement services that meet the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer (LGBTQ) immigrants and newcomers. These sources of evidence suggest that these especially marginalized immigrants and newcomers receive a cool and minimal welcome and their service options are limited to a very select few agencies that may only meet some, not all, of their needs, and may exacerbate identity conflicts. This paper argues the importance of providing a wider range of settlement agency options to LGBTQ migrants through the intergration of LGBTQ services into both mainstream and culturally specific settlement agencies. With a critical eye to transferability to a multicultural and multi-faith sector, recommendations for ways in which settlement agencies can build or improve their accessibility and services for LGBTQ clients are inspired by research into 'culturally competent and 'safe space' practices discussed in existing academic and practical literature.
Stress Factors and Child-rearing Practices in Somali-Canadian Mothers of Young Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kediye Fatima
Published: June 2021

This study investigated stress factors and child-rearing practicess in Somali-Canadian mothers of young children (between 6 to 12 years of age) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A grounded theory methodology was used for this study. Focus group discussions were held with 10 mothers residing in Toronto. Nine categories arose which were compiled into four themes 1) concerns and uncertainty over the child's development, 2) language and cultural barriers, 3) lack of resources and 4) financial burden. It was discovered that major stressors included lack of informal support, negative experiences from professionals, and financial challenges. The participants indicated that their major coping system was acceptance of their child's condition.
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in concrete liquid-containing structures
Authors: Ziaolhagh Nima
Published: June 2021

Cracking due to shrinkage is a widespread problem in large concrete members such as walls and slabs. When shrinkage strains are restrained, tensile stresses develop in concrete. Concrete cracks when tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength of concrete. In general, concrete standards and codes of practice recommend a minimum area of reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature effects. In some cases, large structural elements provide significant restraint to a concrete member that the specified minimum area of reinforcement needs to be increased. This research studies the response of reinforced concrete walls to shrinkage strains. In this study, nonlinear finite element analysis is applied to simulate the cracking behaviour of concrete and predict crack pattern and tensile stresses in reinforcement in the vicinity of cracks. This research is looking for the effective shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in liquid-containing structures where cracking of concrete is of major concern.
A moral jester? : David Foster Wallace and Infinite Jest's hidden moral heart
Authors: Bacal Michael GL
Published: June 2021

In this thesis, I explore the frequently overlooked moral dimensions of David Foster Wallace's seminal novel Infinite Jest. I seek to propose, in spite of the commonly cited iconoclasm of the text, an alternative reading of it as an old-fashioned bildungsroman concerned with the possibilities of moral and spiritual growth. In particular, I illuminate the unconventional way Wallace reimagines classic narratives of redemption and salvation under the surface of the novel, and I develop a framework with which to understand their centrality. Furthermore, I address how this belongs to his larger attempts to reconcile many of the traditional thematic concerns of the novel with several of the challenges presented by the postmodern avant-garde. I argue that, in its efforts to do so, Infinite Jest helped to renew, in many powerful and unexpected ways, the classic story of redemption and offer a profound meditation on many larger ills plaguing society today.
Integration Of Underground Pumped Hydro Storage Membrane (UPHSM) System With Hybrid Of Renewables And Diesel Generator In Off-Grid Remote Area Communities of Ontario
Authors: Jafri Dildar Ali
Published: June 2021

Worldwide, off-grid remote areas are facing energy issues. The Canadian remote communities depend on diesel generation posing many issues including high fuel cost and greenhouse gas emissions. The government policy is to connect such communities to electricity grid that requires high cost and long time. In this situation renewable generators, including wind and solar, may be an appropriate solution. However, their intermittent nature is problematic that needs to be
addressed.
Therefore, this project investigated the integration of underground pumped hydro storage membrane system (UPHSM) to address the intermittency to provide steady and reliable power supply. A four step systematic methodology is proposed to examine the feasibility of UPHSM in a remote community.
The case study results show an overall 64 percent reduction in diesel consumption and 295696 t in CO2 emission. The study results also confirmed that the proposed system is a viable solution for off-grid remote areas.
Accelerated test methods for evaluating alkali-silica reactivity of recycled concrete aggregates
Authors: Johnson Robert C
Published: June 2021

This thesis reports the findings of a study carried out to determine the effectiveness of Accelerated Tests in evaluating the Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Recycled Concrete Aggregates. The study evaluated the variability of the Accelerated Mortar Bar Test due to test variables as well as the single and multi-laboratory variation. The variability of the Concrete Microbar Test due to test variables and the correlation to results from Accelerated Mortar Bar and Concrete Prism Test results were also evaluated. The tests were corroborated by comparing the porosity, permeability and alkali binding capacity of samples tested by the accelerated tests. It was found that the Accelerated Mortar Bar Test provides acceptable results when the test variables, such as crushing methods and absorption values, are carried out and evaluated properly. The Concrete Microbar Test was found to underestimate the expansion of reactive aggregates. However, the same test was found to provide good correlation to the expansion results of Concrete Prisms incorporating Supplementary Cementing Materials when the test duration was increased.
Self-Management Behaviours, Depression, And Anxiety In Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Leung Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Among individuals with heart failure (HF), concurrent depression and anxiety may impact the performance of self-management. Little is known about this relationship. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to describe self-management, depression and anxiety in individuals with HF, and to explore the relationship among these variables. Studies included in the review were written in English, and measured HF self-management, and either or both depression and anxiety. Fourteen studies were included in the review. Overall, the findings on self-management performance were mixed. The levels of depression among individuals with HF were low overall, which was unexpected for this population, whereas findings on the levels of anxiety were mixed, with some authors reporting high levels of anxiety and some reporting low levels. Mixed findings were also noted in terms of the relationship between self-management, and both depression and anxiety.
Evaluation of bioleaching process for the simultaneous reduction of metals and total coliform from sewage sludge
Authors: Akter Safika
Published: June 2021

Bioleaching has been proven to be a promising technology for removing heavy metals from the sewage sludge over many years. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the bioleaching process for the simultaneous reduction of three heavy metals - copper(Cu), cadmium(Cd), zinc(Zn) and total coliform from the sewage sludge of the Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant (ABTP). Bioleaching was carried out with adapted activated sludge containing high concentration of iron oxidizing bacteria T. ferrooxidans using ferrous sulphate as a substrate without adjusting the sludge initial pH to about 4 with acid. The results demonstreated that simultaneous metal removal efficiencies of Cu, Zn were 70% and 74% for Cd respectively after 10 days of bioleaching. The final pH and ORP were found 2.44 and 533 respectively. After this research, it was also observed that the process of bioleaching by T. ferrooxidans is very efficient for the reduction of total coliform from the sludge. This proces allows a considerable reduction in total coliform (3-4 log removal) for the activated sludge examined over a 10 day period.
Women as sponsors : gendering Canadian family class immigration policy
Authors: Cunningham Rebekah
Published: June 2021

Canada's family class immigration policy has been studied as a gendered policy that has differential and harmful effects on women sponsored by their male spouses for immigration to Canada (Côté et al., 2001; National Association for Women and the Law, 1999; Thobani, 2000). As women are commonly seen as migrating for marriage and men for work (Sweetman, 1998), there has been little research done on the experiences of women who sponsor male spouses for immigration to Canada.

This study explores the experiences of sponsoring women, mainly how their economic and family situations are affected by immigration policy and process. Using multiple forms of data, particularly judicial cases and interviews with sponsoring women, the study extracts themes related to immigration policy, immigration process, neo-liberalism, and the Sponsorship Agreement. It concludes that immigration policy and process create barriers to the family reunification of sponsoring women and their partners, increase the economic marginalization of women, and re-victimize women who have been abused by sponsored partners by holding them responsible for the Sponsorship Agreement.
Experimental study on the flexural behavior of structural insulated sandwich timber panels
Authors: Butt Aleem Shahzad
Published: June 2021

A series of flexural test and creep tests were conducted on 53 OSB structural insulated sandwich timber panels to predict their behavior when subjected to gravity loading when used in residential and low rise nonresidential buildings. The experiments were designed and performed to test full-scale panels for roof and floor residential construction. The structural adequacy of the developed sandwich panel system is investigated with respect to the effectiveness of the foam core in providing composite action required to meet both strength and serviceability limit-state design reruirements per Canadian Standards for timber design. Strength requirements included flexure and shear, while serviceability check included limiting deflection under operating conditions as well as creep performance under sustained loading. Results from experimental testing were used to draw conclusions with respect the structural qualifications for these SIPs to be "as good as" the structural capacity of conventional wood-frame buildings
The effects of corrosion on the performance of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Smith Roger W
Published: June 2021

This report presents the results of a laboratory investigation into the effects of corrosion on the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC beams. Twelve RC beams (156 x 176 x 1150 nun) were constructed, ten of which were corroded to various levels by impressed current while the remaining two were set aside as the control beams. Each beam was tested using non-destructive methods and then by four-point loading and the corresponding loads and deflections were recorded Following the mechanical testing, the tensile steel -was retrieved and cleaned in order to assess the mass loss. The results of this experiment clearly indicated a dramatic shift in the nature of the failure of corroded RC beams. Specifically, it was observed in the present study that as corrosion increased the failure mode of the beams shifted from predictable ductile flexure failures at mid-span, to more brittle failures near the support. Based on the data collected, several new corrosion-dependant empirical relationships were established to model the altered responses of RC beams (ie. stiffness, deflection ratio, ductility, and toughness). In addition to beam tests, a pullout study -was conducted in an effort to identify the relationship between the reduction of load-carrying capacity and the residual bond strength of the tensile steel Other behavioural changes examined are initial cracking load, flexural crack development and the evolution of the failure mode. It was found that the overall behaviour of the beam specimens tested conforms to that reported in the literature, with reductions in the ultimate capacity, deflection capacity and stiffness upon increasing corrosion. Also, the results of this experiment clearly indicated a dramatic shift in the nature of the failure of corroded RC beams. Specifically, it was observed that as corrosion increased, the failure mode of the beams shifted from predictable ductile flexure failures at mid-span, to more brittle failures near the support.
A study into the effects of test variables on the results of concrete tests for salt scaling and alkali-silica reaction
Authors: Richards Gregory
Published: June 2021

The ability to accurately determine in-service deterioration of concrete remains an important facet of research. This research aims to develop more reliable laboratory testing methods to better replicate in-service conditions. Two concrete deterioration modes were studied; Salt Scaling (SS) and Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). For SS, wrapping slabs in plastic was adopted to provide the same curing environment as curing compound for comparison to standard moist curing. Slabs with and without supplementary cementing materials were tested. The two curing methods produced
different scaling results; however, results of tested samples did not change in terms of meeting or failing the acceptance limit. For ASR, modified tests focused on changing sample size to attempt to reduce alkali leaching during testing, and hence produce results that mimic long term performance of actual structures. Cube moulds were designed, manufactured, and used rather than standard prisms. Increase of specimen dimension appear to reduce leaching at 38°C.
Exhibiting Atrocity: A Preliminary Exhibition Proposal for the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre’s State Identification Card Portrait Collection
Authors: Munro Sarah
Published: June 2021

Exhibiting Atrocity investigates common modes of publicly displaying photographs of atrocities, from the Holocaust (1933-­‐1945) to the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides (1975-­‐1979 and 1994, respectively). It incorporates the practical and theoretical concerns raised by these display modes into a preliminary exhibition proposal for the approximately six hundred Rwandan state identification card portraits housed at the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre (KGMC) in Kigali, Rwanda.

The paper’s introduction and literature survey are followed by an overview of the Rwandan genocide and the role of state identification cards therein. The KGMC’s identification portraits are then discussed in contrast to more explicit depictions of atrocity, wherein the benefits and detriments of displaying less graphic imagery are argued through an analysis of comparable past exhibitions in terms of their artistic or curatorial intention, methodology and critical reception. The findings of this analysis are subsequently applied to the KGMC’s collection, yielding a preliminary exhibition proposal that advocates the involvement of atrocity survivors in the creation of such photographic displays.
Crashworthiness of Traffic Light Steel Poles in Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Siriya Preveen Kumar
Published: June 2021

Vehicle crashworthiness focuses on the capability of a vehicle to protect its occupants in a collision. The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code [2] does not provide design criteria for vehicle occupant safety except by field testing. The test-guided product development process is very costly and time-consuming. As an alternative, computer simulation tools are increasingly being used. The aim of this research is to contribute to the efficient design of traffic light poles by developing an experimentally calibrated, computer-based, finite-element model using LSDYNA [54], capable of predicting accurately their response when subjected to vehicle impact. The case of steel pole embedded directly in soil was proved to be strong enough to offer protection under service loading and vehicle impact. Side impact crashed proved to be more severe for the vehicle occupant as a result of the weak structural performance of the side doors of the vehicle. Based on this an innovative pole supported on a hard rubber base is introduced to improve crashworthiness.
Micro scale jet impingement cooling and its efficacy on turbine vanes : a numerical study
Authors: Jayaraman Santhiya
Published: June 2021

A numerical analysis of effectiveness of micro-jet impingement cooling on leading edge of a turbine vane is presented. An axisymmetric single round jet was assessed for its ability and consistency as a preliminary study including the investigation of parameters influencing the heat transfer distribution.
The analysis revealed that an increase in Nusselt number was attributed to increase in Reynolds number, decrease in jet diameter and H/D < 3. Significant improvement in heat transfer was observed for tapering nozzle configuration.
The study was then further expanded to 3D analysis of leading edge cooling of turbine vane. Effect of nozzle diameter to micro-scale was studied, which showed 65% enhancement in the heat transfer rates.
Performance characteristics of different mineral filler in asphalt concrete mixtures
Authors: Fong Calvin
Published: June 2021

With the increase of traffic load in Canada, asphalt mixtures are required to sustain heavier loads and withstand the harsh Canadian winter. This requires careful design and material selection. This study evaluates the performance of different types of mineral filler in asphalt pavements. Five 19mm Superpave mixes were tested with four types of mineral filler namely fly ash (Class C and Class F). Blast Furnace Slag and General Use Portland cement along with a control mix with limestone dust. The results showed that, Class C fly ash generated the most economical mix by reducing 0.3% asphalt content of total mix. The indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ration (TSR) test results were used to evaluate the effects of different fillers for water susceptibility. Both types of fly ashes have excellent results on Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) which increase resistance to water susceptibility. These mixes have a very positive effect on stripping resistance. Improvements in binder properties were shown after short and long term aging which was attributable to the reduction of oxidation and aging effect. Binder with fly ash has the best rutting and fatigue resistance out of all tested binder samples.
Use of advanced embedded piezoceramic sensors for the non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete
Authors: Hughi Dan
Published: June 2021

The present investigation deals with the development, and implementation, of embedded ultrasonic piezoceramic sensors as part of an active non-destructive health monitoring system for reinforced concrete members. As the world demand for economic, and sustainable energy rises, so does the demand for continuous structural health monitoring systems for high-importance structures such as, oil platforms and nuclear facilities. These facilities require the most reliable, and durable, monitoring systems in order to ensure their most economic, yet prudent operation. The proposed system was evaluated as a means for determining the development of concrete’s early strength, as well as detecting first cracking in concrete. A series of small and full-scale concrete specimens were tested, and a relationship was drawn between the internal crack width of the members and the signal output of the proposed system. The MIRA 3D tomographer was also investigated for detecting the punching shear crack of thick concrete slabs.
Identity, identification, and racialisation : immigrant youth in the Canadian context
Authors: Shahsiah Sara
Published: June 2021

As the number of immigrant youth in Toronto increases in a time of federal budget cuts in social services, policy makers and service providers must focus on how identity and identification are integral to youths' integration process as newcomers to Canada (Desai & Subramanian, 2000; Kilbride, Anisef, Baichman-Anisef, & Khattar, 2000). Racialized immigrant youth face unique barriers and struggles as intersecting effects of 'race', class, age, and gender meditate their experiences (Desai & Subramanian, 2000; Kilbride et aI., 2000; Rummens; 2003). Through focus groups and individual interviews with foreign-born, non-white youth, this study explores how youth are able to articulate, negotiate, and problematize their identity. Employing an antiracist theoretical framework and a critical social research approach, the study asks in particular: how do racialized immigrant youth self-identify and perceive their 'racial', ethnic, and/or cultural identity? The study's findings confirm that identity is constructed in a relational and contextual manner that is dependent on experiences of being othered and racialized.
Security and collision in RFID systems
Authors: Hakeem Mohammed  Jameel
Published: June 2021

Abstract Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a promising technology to provide automated contactless identification of objects, people and animals. The identification process is performed as the reader receives simultaneous responses from various tags over a shared wireless channel and without no requirement of line-of-sight in the interrogation zone. The communication between the reader and tags is separated into two processes: identification and acknowledgment processes. Both processes suffer from serious drawbacks that limit the proliferation of RFID. Such drawbacks are security and privacy and collision problems.
This thesis has two main parts. The first part examines the security and privacy of the existing RFID authentication protocols. We introduced a novel cryptographic scheme, Hacker Proof Authentication Protocol (HPAP) that allows mutual authentication and achieves full security by deploying tag static identifier, updated timestamp, a one-way hash function and encryption keys with randomized update using Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR). Cryptanalysis and simulation show that the protocol is secure against various attacks. In comparison with the various existing RFID authentication protocols, our protocol has less computation load, requires less storage, and costs less.
The second part focuses on solving RFID collision arbitration imposed by the shared wireless link between a reader and the many tags distributed in the interrogation zone. In most proposed anticollision algorithms, tags reply randomly to the time slots chosen by the reader. Since more than two tags may choose the same time slot in a frame, this Random Access (RA) causes garbled data at the reader side resulting the identification process fails. Towards this challenge, two ALOHA based anti-collision algorithms that adopt a new way for tags to choose their replied time slots to enhance system efficiency are presented. In MBA and LTMBA, tags use modulo function to
choose their owned time slot. The difference between the two algorithms relies on the method by which the reader estimates the next frame size. The performance evaluation of the two algorithms shows better performance than previously proposed algorithms in terms of fewer communication rounds and fewer collided/empty slots considering the limitation of the EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 standard.
Study of tip clearance model effects on computational simulation costs for NASA rotor 37.
Authors: Rajarathinam Jayachandran Parthasarathy
Published: June 2021

The computational time and resources required to calculate an accurate solution is the key concern in the field of CFD. Especially in the CFD analysis of turbomachines many simulations are required to validate the CFD code and to predict the performance of the turbomachines. In this thesis, the typical computational domain was remodelled and the best computational settings were identified to compute the flows. By modifying the numerical domain, improved grid distribution with less number of nodes was achieved and the results predicted were within the limits specified by NASA for the validation of CFD codes. The modified model with the best computational settings required 28.3% less computational time and 20.5% less computer memory than the typical model and baseline methods.