bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Guided Nerve Blocks for Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome an Overlooked Cause of Chronic Abdominal Pain: A Case Series
Authors: Rayamajhi Anuj Jung , Hamal Pawan Kumar , Bhattarai Prajjwal Raj , Paudel Subash Chandra , Paudel Prashanta , Dhungel Bidur , Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Pokhrel Nabin , Timilsina Sarika
Published: November 2024

Entrapment abdominal neuropathy is not a common diagnosis in our context. Chronic Abdominal wall pain is often mistaken for gastritis, gynecological issue, thoracic spinal radiculopathy, rectus sheath hematoma, abdominal muscle injury or psychiatric disorder. Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome is one of the frequent causes of abdominal wall pain occurring due to trapped thoracic intercostal nerves between abdominal muscles. History and bedside Carnett’s sign can elicit the diagnosis. Injection of the local anesthetics with steroids in the junction between the rectus sheath and abdominal muscle under ultrasound guidance can provide sustained pain relief. We should consider Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome as a differential diagnosis while evaluating the abdominal wall pain.Keywords: ACENE; carnett’s test; chronic abdominal pain; entrapment neuropathy; hydrodissection.
Marshall Computed Tomography Scoring System in Predicting Early Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chitrakar Akash , Rajbhandari Binod , Sedain Gopal , Pradhananga Amit Bahadur , Sharma Mohan Raj
Published: November 2024

Background: Traumatic brain injury is common neurological emergency worldwide associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Marshall scoring system is one of the several scoring systems that uses initial computed tomography findings to predict outcome. This study aims to determine the role of Marshall scoring system in predicting early mortality in patients with Traumatic brain injury in Nepalese patient population.Methods: Patients admitted with diagnosis of Traumatic brain injury between August 2017 and July 2018 in our institution were studied prospectively. Clinical status of patient was noted and computed tomography scan of head was interpreted according to Marshall scoring system. Patients were monitored during the hospital stay and in-hospital mortality was correlated with different components of Marshall scoring system at discharge. Results: The most common cause of Traumatic brain injury was road traffic accident (45%). Severe Traumatic brain injury was noted in 17% of patients and commonest intracranial mass lesion was contusion (24%). Surgery was performed in 29% of patients. There was significant correlation between increase in Marshall score and mortality (p<0.001). Degree of midline shift (p<0.016), status of basal cisterns (p<0.001), and combination of mass lesions (p=0.005) were independent predictors of early mortality.Conclusions: Marshall scoring is highly reliable scoring system to predict early mortality in patients with Traumatic brain injury. Degree of midline shift, status of basal cisterns, and combination of mass lesions are independent parameters predicting early mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury.Keywords: Basal cistern; CT scoring system; marshall scoring system; traumatic brain injury
Adverse Events Following the First Dose of Immunization of COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Bhandari Bijay , Jha Nisha , Khan Imdad Hushain , Rayamajhi Gaurav , Thapa Laxman , Bista Bihungum
Published: November 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the entire globe and the need for a vaccine is supreme. Since many vaccines along with Covishield have been granted emergency use authorization, the evaluation and monitoring of safety are crucial. Covishield was rolled out in Nepal on January 27, 2021. So through this study, we aim to identify the prevalence of Adverse Events Following Immunization in general with the first dose of Covishield vaccine, compare Adverse Events Following Immunization in prior COVID-19 positive cases and Adverse Events Following Immunization in co-morbid individuals. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 440 sample from May 2021 till July 2021 in a provincial government hospital of western Nepal. Ethical approval was received from Ethical Review Board, Nepal Health Research Council (Registration no: 279/2021 P). Simple random sampling was used. Point estimate was done at 95% confidence interval and descriptive analysis was done to identify the prevalence of Adverse Events Following Immunization within one week after Covishield vaccination in the studied population.Results: 79.77% of the study population complaint at least one or more Adverse Events Following Immunization. Fever, myalgia, headache, pain at the injection site, arthralgia, chills, and fever are the most common Adverse Events Following Immunization. 42.73% of the study population self-medicated to manage Adverse Events Following Immunization, 7.89% took leave from work while 0.28% needed medical attention. No major Adverse Events Following Immunization relevance with prior-COVID history or co-morbidity was seen.Conclusions: Majority of the vaccinated participants had minor adverse effects on the first-day post-vaccination while most of the Adverse Events Following Immunization subsided within seven days. Keywords: Adverse effects; COVID-19 vaccines COVISHIELD; pharmacovigilance; side effects.
Outcome of Pregnant Patients with Cardiac Diseases Delivered in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Koirala Megha , Shakya Bigen Man , Parajuli Basudev , Ghimire Basanta , Katuwal Neeta
Published: November 2024

Background: Pregnant women with cardiac disease pose a unique challenge to both the anaesthesiologists and obstetrician because of high morbidity affecting the maternal and fetal outcomes. Our research aims to provide an overview of pregnant women with heart disease coming for delivery in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital over one year, the occurrence of adverse maternal and neonatal outcome (mortality and morbidity) and correlation of certain maternal factors associated with adverse outcome.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from 2075/11/01 to 2076/10/30 where data of pregnant women beyond 28 wks period of gestation with diagnosed cardiac disease was recorded from secondary sources.Results: The prevalence of pregnant women with cardiac disease presenting for delivery over one-year period was found out to be 120 (2.49%). Among them, almost 85 cases (71%) had valvular heart disease and 27 had mitral stenosis. The mortality was 2.5%. The complication rate among such patients was 30%, the patients requiring ICU admission was 20.7% and requiring mechanical ventilation was 6.7%. The neonatal mortality in such patients was 3.2% and 20.5% were premature, 27% had weight <2.5 kgs at birth and 10.7% required NICU admission. There was statistically significant association between history of prior cardiac event and NYHA with adverse maternal event with p value of <0.001. Conclusions: History of prior cardiac event and higher NYHA grading in a pregnant patient with cardiac disease are major determinants for adverse maternal outcome. Keywords: Maternal mortality; pregnancy complication.
Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in South Asia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nepal Samata , Atreya Alok , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Budhathoki Pravash , Lamichhane Samit , Nepal Sarbin , Marahatta Achyut , Dhital Rolina
Published: November 2024

Background: This systematic review collated the literature on the prevalence rate of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy in South Asia.Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted in four major databases (Embase, Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central) to identify relevant articles published from the inception of each database to May 2021, which reported data on the prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in South Asia. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval due to significant between-study heterogeneity.Results: Thirty-seven studies were reviewed which showed an overall prevalence of IPV from South Asian countries was 23.4% (physical violence: 13.6%; sexual violence: 8.5%; emotional violence: 20.2%). Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy reported, with an overall prevalence ranging from 1.7% to 66.4% across studies. Emotional violence was more prevalent form when compared to sexual or physical violence.Keywords: Intimate partner violence; pregnancy, south Asia; systematic review.
Role of Mentzer Index for Differential Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Beta Thalassemia Trait
Authors: Shah Tej Prakash , Shrestha Anjan , Agrawal Jagdish Prasad , Rimal Suman , Basnet Anita
Published: November 2024

Background: The most common differential diagnoses of microcytic hypochromic anaemia are iron deficiency anaemia and beta thalassemia. Globally, thalassemia affects approximately 4.4 out of every 10,000 live births whereas iron deficiency anaemia comprises half of all anaemia worldwide as per world health organization. The definitive diagnosis of beta thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anaemia requires haemoglobin analysis and iron studies respectively, which are not possible to perform in all suspected cases especially in resource limited settings. The study aims to evaluate the reliability of mentzer index in differentiating beta thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anaemia.Methods: This was a cross sectional, observational study done on 59 patients each of beta thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anaemia from August 2019 to July 2020. Patients who were found to be having iron deficiency anaemia diagnosed by iron studies and beta thalassemia trait diagnosed by Hb electrophoresis were enrolled in the study using simple random sampling technique. Results: Mentzer index correctly identified 95.76% of overall patients. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.993 (95% CI, 0.985-1.002, p<0.001). For beta thalassemia trait, mentzer index showed a sensitivity of 93.2%, specificity of 98.3%, positive predictive value of 98.2%, negative predictive value of 93.5%; while for iron deficiency anaemia, sensitivity of 98.3%, specificity of 93.2%, positive predictive value of 93.5% and negative predictive value of 98.2%. Youden’s index was 91.5.Conclusions: The findings of the present study make mentzer index a reliable screening method, especially in a resource poor setting, like Nepal. Further confirmation by gold standard tests is recommended.Keywords: Beta thalassemia trait; iron deficiency anaemia; mentzer index
Phase I pharmacokinetic study of etmaben, a malonic acid derivative
Authors: Karnakova P. K. , Karnakova K. K. , Komarov T. N. , Bagaevа N. S. , Popova M. O. , Ivkin D. Yu. , Archakova O. A. , Shohin I. E. , Narkevich I. A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Etmaben is a malonic acid derivative that has shown cardiotropic activity and is a promising candidate for treating ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure. It is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trials, and its pharmacokinetics have not yet been studied in humans.

Aim. The aim of the study is to investigate the pharmacokinetics of Etmaben, film-coated tablets, 300 mg (SPCPU, Russia) in healthy volunteers after fasting administration of different doses following both single and multiple dosing over a 7-day period.

Materials and methods. The open-label, non-randomized clinical trial involved 48 healthy volunteers divided into 6 cohorts. Volunteers in cohort 1 received a single dose of 600 mg of etmaben, cohort 2 received 900 mg, and cohort 3 received 1200 mg. Cohorts 4, 5, and 6 received daily doses of 600 mg, 900 mg, and 1200 mg, respectively. Plasma concentrations of etmaben were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Microsoft Excel with the Boomer extension (Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Allergan, Irvine, CA 92606, USA).

Results and discussion. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for 6 cohorts of 8 volunteers after single and multiple dosing of Etmaben at doses of 600, 900, and 1200 mg. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of etmaben was reached on average within 0.5 h. Cmax values ranged from 2.708 ± 1.461 µg/mL to 19.871 ± 4.415 µg/mL. The maximum half-life was 0.874 ± 0.236 h, with an elimination rate constant not exceeding 1.053 ± 0.149 h–1. The mean residence time (MRT) of etmaben in plasma did not exceed 1.527 ± 0.272 h. The average volume of distribution was above 45 L, and clearance exceeded 42 L, indicating significant tissue distribution and rapid drug elimination. Due to low area under the curve values and high elimination rates, the accumulation of etmaben is minimal.

Conclusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, and averaged pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed in linear and semilogarithmic coordinates after single and multiple dosing of various etmaben doses. This study represents the first investigation of etmaben pharmacokinetics in humans, paving the way for subsequent clinical trials.
16. KOLORDU KOMUTANI MİRALAY MUSTAFA KEMAL BEY’İN EDİRNE GÜNLERİ (28 OCAK 1916-11 MART 1916)
Authors: Ateş Oral , Büyüktolu Recep
Published: November 2024

Birinci Dünya Harbi’nde Osmanlı coğrafyasında şiddetli muharebeler yaşanmış, stratejik açıdan önemli cepheler açılmıştır. Bu stratejik cephelerden biri olan Çanakkale Cephesi’nde önemli zaferler elde edilmesinde büyük rol oynayan Miralay Mustafa Kemal Bey, Çanakkale Cephesi’nin kapanmasından sonra 11’nci ve 12’nci Tümenlerden teşkil edilmiş 16’ncı Kolordu Komutanı olarak Edirne’ye görevlendirilmiştir. Edirne’ye ilk gelişinde Anafartalar Kahramanı pankartlarıyla coşkulu bir şekilde karşılanan Miralay Mustafa Kemal Bey, o güne kadar ilk defa bu kadar büyük bir insan seliyle karşılaşmıştır. Böyle bir coşku ve heyecan içinde yapılan bu karşılama töreni halkın, Conkbayırı ve Anafartalar muharebelerini kazanan Miralay Mustafa Kemal Bey’e beslediği şükran ve minnet duygularının bir yansıması olmuştur. Katıldığı davetler, yaptığı ziyaretler ve konferanslarla düşüncelerini halka aktarma fırsatını bulmuştur. Çanakkale Cephesi’nde ve öncesinde muharebelerde edindiği tecrübeleri birliklerine yaptırdığı harp oyunları ve eğitimlerle aktarmış, onları yeni verilecek görevlere hazırlamıştır. 16’ncı Kolordu Komutanı olarak, taktik sahada uygulanacak hareket tarzlarını, verilen emirlerin nasıl ve neleri kapsaması gerektiğini astlarına öğretmiştir. Yaptığı günlük ve haftalık eğitim programları ile birliklerini üst komutanlık denetlemelerine hazırlamış, onlarla yakından ilgilenmiştir. Miralay Mustafa Kemal Bey, gün içinde birliklerin eğitimlerini denetlerken, gece eğitimlerinde genellikle harp oyunlarına katılmıştır. Harp oyunu esnasında astlarının taktik bilgi seviyelerini ölçme fırsatını yakalamış, onları daha yakından tanıma imkânı bulmuştur. Yapılan literatür taramasında Miralay Mustafa Kemal Bey’in Edirne’de geçen 44 günlük süredeki faaliyetlerine ilişkin yapılan çalışmaların çok kısıtlı ve yeterli olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmayla Miralay Mustafa Kemal Bey’in Edirne’de 16’ncı Kolordu Komutanlığı yaptığı esnadaki askeri faaliyetleri, birlikleri yaptığı denetlemeler ve eğitim programları, halkla bütünleşmesi ve sivil faaliyetleri incelenerek literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bugüne kadar gün yüzüne çıkarılmayan bazı konuların açığa çıkarılmasına katkı yapması da çalışmayı ayrıca önemli kılmıştır.
Dravet Syndrome – Clinical and Developmental Characteristics: A Case Report
Authors: Đurić-Zdravković Aleksandra , Pavlović Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Dravet syndrome is a rare, genetically determined epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathy primarily caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the SCN1A gene, also associated with autism spectrum disorder. Follow-ing birth, patients have typical neurodevelopment, but the regression of cognitive, motor and speech abilities become noticeable after the onset of seizures.Aims and case report: We report on the case of a five-year-old girl with characteristic clinical features of Dravet syndrome, detailing her basic clinical and developmental characteristics, disease course and treatment. The first seizure occured at four months of age, coinciding with increased body temperature, and by the end of first year she developed recurrent seizures. While the baseline electroencephagram was nomal, follow-up examinations revealed continuous high-amplitude and sharp, multifocal spike waves. During her second year of life, significant delay in psychomotor development became apparent. The Bayley-III scale was used to assess psychomotor de-velopment in cognition area, comprehension and quality of speech, as well as fine and gross motor skills. The results indicated that her cognitive abilities corresponded to those of an eight-month-old child, while her motor skills were at the level of an 18-month-old. Notable gait impairment was observed, with a wide-based crouch gait. The patient was also diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder.Conclusion: Although rare, Dravet syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in children presenting with early-onset epilepsy and progressive developmental delays. It is essential to evaluate patients for common comor-bidities, such as autism, gait disorders, and intellectual disability, important determinants of patients’ quality of life.
Din Eğitiminde Ailenin Benimsediği Batıl İnançların Çocuklar Üzerindeki Psiko-Sosyal Etkileri
Authors: Özçelik Ayşe , Taşkın Osman
Published: November 2024

Ailede din eğitiminde olumlu değerler ve doğru inançlar kazandırılmaya çalışılırken aynı zamanda olumsuz tutum ve davranışlar da aşılanmaktadır. Aileden kritik dönemde alınan bu olumsuz tutum ve davranışlar zamanla kişiliğe etki etmekte ve bu davranışların değiştirilmesi zorlaşmaktadır. Aileden çocukların din eğitimi sürecinde aldıkları olumsuz tutum ve davranışlardan biri de batıl inançlardır. Bu çalışma, çocukların aile ortamında gördükleri/edindikleri batıl inançları ve bunların çocuklara etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Trabzon ili Çaykara ilçesinde bulunan dört farklı ortaokulda öğrenim gören 7. Sınıf düzeyindeki yirmi öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, öğrencilerle yapılan mülakatlar yoluyla toplanmış ve içerik analiziyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmamız, bölgedeki ailelerin din eğitimi uygulamalarını ve çocuklara aktardıkları batıl inançları belirlemede etkili olmuştur. Çalışma grubunun tümü aileden veya çevreden günlük yaşam, fal-uğur ve soyut âlemle ilgili çok çeşitli batıl inançları öğrenmişlerdir. Bu temalarda en sık görülen batıl inançlar; gece ile ilgili davranışlar, eşiğe oturma, burçlar, ayna kırma, kara kedi, büyü, fal, cin çağırma vb. davranışlardır. Çocukların büyük bir kısmı aileden öğrendikleri batıl inançlara inanmaktadırlar. Aile ortamında edinilen bu batıl inançlar, çocukların çoğunluğunda korku ve endişe gibi olumsuz duygular oluşturmaktadır. Gelişimleri dolayısıyla öğrencilerin büyük bir kısmı, batıl inançları sorgulama ve bu inançların doğruluğunu değerlendirme eğilimindeyken, bazı öğrencilerin batıl inançları sorgulamadıkları ve bu konuda pek düşünmedikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca 7. Sınıf Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi dersinde işlenen batıl inançlar konusunun öğrencilerin dini tutum ve davranışlarında ciddi bir dönüşüme neden olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre, batıl inançların çocukların sağlıklı dinî gelişimini engellediği ve çocukların dinî bilgi ve anlayışlarını olumsuz etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, ailelerin din eğitiminde doğru bilgilere dayalı yöntemler ve model davranışlar kullanmalarının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Dolayısıyla çocuklara doğru din eğitimi verilmesi konusunda bu eğitimi sağlayanlara destek olunmalı, örgün ve yaygın din eğitimiyle batıl inançların değerlendirilmesinde eleştirel düşünme becerileri kazandırılmalıdır.
Post Gerçeklik Toplumu ve Din (Kuramsal Bir Yaklaşım)
Authors: Fidan Ali
Published: November 2024

Sosyolojik tahayyül, düşünme gayretinin toplumsal hafızaya kazandırılması; yani bir anlamda bugünün tarihinin yazılmasıdır. İnsana dair tasavvur edilen her şey bir manada toplumsallığı da kapsar. Toplumsal kurumlar olarak din, hukuk, siyaset, eğitim, sağlık vb. kurumların tümü umumun uzlaşısı, fikir birlikteliği ve kolektif bir şuurun sonucudur. Toplum, var oluşunun temellerini, gerçekliklerini ve sosyal hayatın anlamını bu kurumsallıklar üzerinden sürdürmektedir. O halde kamuoyu tercihi bireylerin hayattaki istikametlerini belirlemekte; kitlesel kabuller ise nesnel hakikatleri ve toplumsal gerçeklikleri meydana getirmektedir. Günümüzde ise toplumsal gerçeklik, alışılagelen tarihi ve toplumsal birikimin dışında algı ile inşa edilmektedir. Burada siyaset kurumu diğer toplumsal unsurlardan daha fazla aktif ve baskın konumdadır. Çünkü siyaset mekanizması, demokratik meşruiyete dayanan süreli meşruiyet, güç ve iktidarını kalıcı kılmak maksadıyla kullanarak; dinî, milli ve etnik popülizmleri oluşturabilmektedir. Büyük kitleleri harekete geçirmek içinse bazı politize edilmiş toplumsal gruplar fonksiyonel kılınmaktadır. Troll ordusu olarak nitelenebilecek bu gruplar sanal mecralarda siyasi güdümlü ve profesyonelce tasarlanmış içerikleri sürekli olarak dolaşıma sokmaktadırlar. Medya ve türevleri ise kitle psikolojisini şekillendirmede fazlaca kullanılan diğer araçları ifade etmektedir. Bu makalede post gerçeklik (post-truth), din ve toplum ilişkisinin kuramsal perspektiften ele alınması ve özetlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Nitel yöntemin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada literatür taraması maksadıyla alan yazında yapılmış olan veri kaynakları ve dokümanlar toplanmış; nihayetinde ise elde edilen bilgiler sosyolojik perspektiften çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sosyolojik bir olgu olarak post-truth çağ ve dinî toplumsal açılımları özelinde sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmamızda öncelikli olarak "hakikat" ve toplumsal gerçeklik ilişkisinin nesnelliği üzerine durulmuştur. Buna ek olarak güncel tartışmalara konu olan post-truth çağın insan ve toplum üzerindeki yanıltıcı etkilerinin gösterilmesine gayret edilmiştir. Makalenin özgünlüğüne katkı sağlamak maksadıyla siyaset, medya ve iletişim alanlarında fazlaca tartışılan post gerçeklik, din ve toplum ilişkisi perspektifinden ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Son olarak ise toplumsal hayata anlam katan dinin post gerçek dönem ve getirileri ile nasıl bir "hakikat yitimi" araçsalına dönüştürüldüğüne dikkat çekilmiştir.
Підтримка українських біженців українською громадою Словаччини засобами соціальних мереж
Authors: Казьмирчук Марія
Published: November 2024

Підтримка українських біженців українською громадою Словаччини через групи у соціальних мережах. У статті розглядається, як українська громада Словаччини надає підтримку українським біженцям, які прибули до країни в пошуках безпеки та нового майбутнього. Досліджується роль соціальних мереж, зокрема груп у Фейсбук і Телеграм, у створенні можливостей для обміну інформацією, порад, допомоги та підтримки біженців. Також досліджуються конкретні виклики, з якими стикаються біженці в новому середовищі, і визначаються найбільш ефективні форми підтримки. Ця тема досліджується через інтерв’ю з біженцями, аналіз постів, дискусій і взаємодії на згаданих платформах соціальних мереж, а також вивчення відносин між українською громадою та українськими біженцями у Словаччині.
Visual Dramatization of Political Campaigns on Social Media: Multimodal Analysis of Instagram Accounts of Presidential Candidates in the 2024 General Election
Authors: Sandi Dwi Ariadi  , Nabilah Ananda Razani  , Nanda Adjeng Castity  , Via Amalia Lesmana
Published: November 2024

The 2024 elections in Indonesia have become a key political contest, with candidates campaigning both in person and through social media, especially Instagram. This study explores the visual dramatization of political campaigns on Instagram by three presidential candidates: Anies Baswedan, Prabowo Subianto, and Ganjar Pranowo. Using a qualitative approach, this study employs Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and multimodal analysis to examine the visual content posted by the candidates. The analysis focuses on how various semiotic resources combine to convey meaning. The findings reveal that Instagram is used by candidates to build their public image, enhance political communication, and employ visual rhetoric to influence voters. This research provides insights into the visual strategies used to shape political messages, aiming to enhance understanding of the role of social media in modern political campaigns.
Direct and indirect effects of estrogens, androgens and intestinal microbiota on colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Zihong , Sun Yi , Huang Wenbo , Jin Zhenzhen , You Fengming , Li Xueke , Xiao Chong
Published: November 2024

Sex differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) has received considerable research attention recently, particularly regarding the influence of sex hormones and the intestinal microbiota. Estrogen, at the genetic and epigenetic levels, directly inhibits CRC cell proliferation by enhancing DNA mismatch repair, regulating miRNAs, blocking the cell cycle, and modulating ion channels. However, estradiol’s activation of GPER promotes oncogene expression. Conversely, androgen contributes to epigenetic dysregulation and CRC progression via nuclear receptors while inducing apoptosis through membrane receptors. Specific gut microorganisms produce genotoxins and oncogenic metabolites that damage colonic cell DNA and contribute to cancer induction. Regarding the tumor microenvironment, estrogen mitigates intestinal inflammation, reverses immunosuppression, increases gut microbiome diversity and commensal bacteria abundance, and decreases pathogen enrichment. On the contrary, androgen disrupts intestinal microecology, diminish immunotherapy efficacy, and exacerbate colonic inflammation and tumor growth. The impact of estrogen and androgen is closely tied to their receptor status, elucidating their dual roles in CRC pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses the direct and indirect effects of sex hormones and the intestinal microbiota on CRC, considering environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle to propose novel prevention and treatment strategies.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers unfolded protein response as an antiviral strategy of teleost erythrocytes
Authors: Salvador-Mira Maria , Sanchez-Cordoba Ester , Solivella Manuel , Nombela Ivan , Puente-Marin Sara , Chico Veronica , Perez Luis , Perez-Berna Ana Joaquina , Ortega-Villaizan Maria del Mar
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Fish nucleated red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, play a crucial role in maintaining immune system balance by modulating protein expression in response to various stimuli, including viral attack. This study explores the intriguing behavior of rainbow trout RBCs when faced with the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), focusing on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR).

Methods

Rainbow trout RBCs were Ficoll-purified and exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-inactivated VHSV or live VHSV at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs). Using cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT), we uncovered structural and cellular modifications in RBCs exposed to UV-inactivated VHSV. Moreover, RBCs were treated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, to investigate its effect on viral replication. Quantitative real-time PCR was also used to analyze the expression of genes related to the UPR and other related cellular pathways.

Results and discussion

Beyond their antiviral response, RBCs undergo notable intracellular changes to combat the virus. Cryo-SXT highlighted a significant increase in the ER volume. This increase is associated with ER stress and the activation of the UPR pathway. Interestingly, VHSV replication levels augmented in RBCs under ER-stress inhibition by 4-PBA treatment, suggesting that rainbow trout RBCs tune up ER stress to control viral replication. Therefore, our findings suggested the induction of ER stress and subsequent activation UPR signaling in the antiviral response of RBCs to VHSV. The results open a new line of investigation to uncover additional mechanisms that may become novel cellular targets for the development of RBC-targeted antiviral strategies.
Exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and breast diseases using Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Xin , Gao Haoyu , Zeng Yiyao , Chen Jie
Published: November 2024

Background

Growing evidence suggests a relationship between gut microbiota composition and breast diseases, although the precise nature of this association remains uncertain. To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and breast diseases, we utilized two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

Four common diseases were included as outcomes: breast cancer, breast cysts, inflammatory disorders of the breast, and infections of the breast associated with childbirth, along with their subtypes. Genetic data on gut microbiota were extracted from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary approach used to investigate the association between these genetic factors and gut microbiota was the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method with random-effects types. Sensitivity analyses, such as Cochran’s Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis, were conducted to ensure the stability and reliability of the MR findings.

Results

We discovered plausible causal links between 20 microbial categories and the breast diseases, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Notably, Family.Rikenellaceae (p: 0.0013) maintained a significant inverse relationship with overall breast cancer (BC), after the Bonferroni correction. In the reverse MR analysis, interactions were observed between Genus.Adlercreutzia and estrogen receptor-positive cancer. In addition, Genus.Sellimonas, Family.Rikenellaceae, and Genus.Paraprevotella were associated with ER+ and overall breast cancer, whereas Genus.Dorea was linked to both estrogen receptor-negative and overall breast cancer. Family.Prevotellaceae was the only category correlated with inflammatory breast disorders. Moreover, Genus Eubacteriumruminantiumgroup, Genus.Lactococcus, and Family.Alcaligenaceae were associated with breast cysts, while Genus.Anaerofilum, Genus.Butyricimonas, Order.Coriobacteriales, Order.Pasteurellales, and Order.Verrucomicrobiales showed significant associations with infections of the breast associated with childbirth. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found.

Conclusion

Our Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed a causal relationship between gut microbiota and breast diseases. Early stool tests may be a viable method for screening diseases to identify people at higher risk of breast diseases.
Association between 24-hour urine volume and 28-day intensive care unit mortality in sepsis patients: a multi-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Yuzhan , Lin Weiguo , Fu Cheng , Sun Ruixue , Hong WeiLi , Chen Xinglin , Yan Shaorong
Published: November 2024

Background

Sepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection that results in life-threatening organ dysfunction. The 24-hour urine volume plays a crucial role in assessing the prognosis of septic patients. This study aims to investigate the relationship between 24-hour urine volume and 28-day intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in septic patients and exploring the dose-response relationship between these variables.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 7,218 sepsis patients in the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Logistic regression models and generalized additive models were used to examine the relationship between 24-hour urine volume and 28-day ICU mortality.

Results

A negative correlation was found between 24-hour urine volume and ICU 28-day mortality. In the fully adjusted model, each 50 mL increase in 24-hour urine volume significantly reduced mortality risk by 1% (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–0.99, P < 0.001). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed, with an inflection point at ~1,663.5 ml. Below this threshold, increased urine volume was significantly associated with reduced mortality risk (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.98, P < 0.001), while above this point, the relationship was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a non-linear negative correlation between 24-hour urine volume and 28-day ICU mortality in sepsis patients.
Leucine-rich repeat proteins of Leptospira interrogans that interact to host glycosaminoglycans and integrins
Authors: Foltran Bruno B. , Teixeira Aline F. , Romero Eliete C. , Fernandes Luis G. V. , Nascimento Ana L. T. O.
Published: November 2024

Pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira are the etiological agents of leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection worldwide. The disease is considered an emerging and re-emerging threat due to global warming, followed by heavy rainfall and flooding when outbreaks of leptospirosis occur. Adhesion to host tissues is mediated by surface/extracellular proteins expressed by pathogens during infection. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing proteins seem to be important for the virulence of pathogenic Leptospira and their role has been recently examined. Here, we report the characterization of two LRR-proteins encoded by LIC11051 and LIC11505. They present 7 and 17 LRR motifs, respectively. LIC11051 was found mainly in the P1 subclade, whereas LIC11505 was identified with higher identity in subclade P1, but was also found in subclades P2, S1, and S2. The recombinant proteins were recognized by antibodies in leptospirosis serum samples, suggesting their expression during infection. rLIC11505 contains a broad spectrum of ligands, including GAG and integrin receptors, whereas rLIC11051 showed limited binding activity. The attachment of proteins to ligands was specific, dose-dependent, and saturable. Compared to their role in adhesion, both proteins were shown to be secreted, with the ability to reassociate with the bacteria. Taken together, our data suggested that LIC11051 and LIC11505 participate in leptospiral pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing leptospiral LRR-proteins exhibiting GAG and integrin receptor-binding properties.
Association between dietary folate intake and severe headache or migraine in adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhao Dehua , Long Xiaoqing , Wang Jisheng
Published: November 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary folate intake and severe headache or migraine.

Methods

This cross-sectional study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2004. Weighted logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, sensitivity analysis, and stratified analyses were performed to evaluate the association between dietary folate intake and severe headache or migraine.

Results

A total of 4,107 participants were included, with 704 individuals (17.14%) experienced severe headache or migraine. After adjusting for all covariates, an independent association was found between dietary folate intake and severe headache or migraine (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93, p = 0.005). When folate intake was categorized, individuals in Q2 (251.21–356.00 μg/d), Q3 (356.19–514.00 μg/d), and Q4 (≥515.00 μg/d) had ORs of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.75–1.20, p = 0.660), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.67–1.12, p = 0.266), and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.48–0.89, p = 0.007), respectively, compared to those in Q1 (≤251.00 μg/d). The RCS regression showed a linear negative relationship between dietary folate intake and severe headache or migraine. Stratified and sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusion

There was a linear negative relationship between dietary folate intake and migraine.
Correlation of the DRD2 gene polymorphism with psychopathology and predictive antimanic responses in patients with bipolar mania
Authors: Tao Hejian , Jin Haiying , Xu Min , Chen Haihan , Sun Fengli , Jin Weidong
Published: November 2024

To explore the correlation of the DRD2 gene polymorphism with psychopathology and predict responses in patients with mania treated with lithium and olanzapine. Sixty patients with bipolar mania were treated with lithium combined with olanzapine for 8 weeks and assessed using YMRS, HAMD, and HAMA. The DRD2 gene polymorphism rs1800497 was tested. Eleven (24.4%) manic patients achieved an early effective response according to the reduction of the YMRS score of >20% in the 2nd week, with a lower HAMA score than the no early effective response group. Twenty-three (51.1%) manic patients achieved remission according to the reduction of the YMRS score of >75% at the 8th week with a higher dose of lithium at the 8th weekend (g/day) than in the no-remission group. Manic patients with genotype GG had lower YMRS scores and lower doses and serum concentrations of olanzapine than patients with genotype AA + AG from the 4th week to the 8th week. Manic patients with genotype GG had a higher relative change in the YMRS score than those with genotype AA + AG from the 2nd week to the 8th week. No differences in HAMA or HAMD were found between the groups with genotype GG and AA + AG. There were more patients who achieved an early effective response in the 2nd week and remission in the 8th in those with genotype GG compared to those with genotype AA + AG. Manic patients with genotype GG had a greater improvement in the YMRS score due to a greater early effective response and remission, which was not related to higher doses and serum concentrations of olanzapine and lithium.
Direct effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on post-exercise-induced changes in kynurenine metabolism
Authors: Brzezińska Paulina , Mieszkowski Jan , Stankiewicz Błażej , Kowalik Tomasz , Reczkowicz Joanna , Niespodziński Bartłomiej , Durzyńska Aleksandra , Kowalski Konrad , Borkowska Andżelika , Antosiewicz Jędrzej , Kochanowicz Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Tryptophan (TRP) degradation through the kynurenine pathway is responsible for converting 95% of free TRP into kynurenines, which modulate skeletal muscle bioenergetics, immune and central nervous system activity. Therefore, changes in the kynurenines during exercise have been widely studied but not in the context of the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). In this study, we analyzed the effect of 14-day RIPC training on kynurenines and TRP in runners after running intervals of 20 × 400 m.

Methods

In this study, 27 semi-professional long-distance runners were assigned to two groups: a RIPC group performing 14 days of RIPC training (n = 12), and a placebo group, SHAM (n = 15). Blood was collected for analysis before, immediately after, and at 6 h and 24 h after the run.

Results

After the 14-day RIPC/SHAM intervention, post hoc analysis showed a significantly lower concentration of XANA and kynurenic acid to kynurenine ratio (KYNA/KYN) in the RIPC group than in the SHAM group immediately after the running test. Conversely, the decrease in serum TRP levels was higher in the RIPC population.

Conclusion

RIPC modulates post-exercise changes in XANA and TRP levels, which can affect brain health, yet further research is needed.
Rising global burden of anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults: trends, risk factors, and the impact of socioeconomic disparities and COVID-19 from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Bie Fengsai , Yan Xiaoling , Xing Jie , Wang Leilei , Xu Yang , Wang Guan , Wang Qian , Guo Jinyu , Qiao Jing , Rao Zhenzhen
Published: November 2024

Background

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions globally, particularly affecting adolescents and young adults (10-24 years), and causing substantial psychological and social impairments. This study analyzed changes in the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of anxiety disorders in this age group from 1990 to 2021, emphasizing the impact of socioeconomic disparities and the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly post-2019.

Methods

Utilizing the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 data from 204 countries, this study evaluated global trends in anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults. Conducted between May 16 and August 1, 2024, it assessed prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression identified significant shifts in incidence rates, with key risk factors, especially bullying victimization,examined. The analysis was stratified by region, country, age group, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of anxiety disorders among those aged 10-24 years increased by 52%, particularly in the 10-14 age group and post-2019. Females showed higher prevalence rates than males, and DALYs rose notably among the 20-24-year-olds. Regions with middle SDI reported the highest incidence and prevalence, whereas high SDI regions experienced the largest increases. India had the highest number of cases, while Mexico saw the greatest rise. A gradual decline in incidence was noted until 2001, followed by a slow increase, with a sharp rise from 2019 to 2021. Bullying victimization was a significant risk factor, especially in regions with a high anxiety disorder burden.

Conclusion

The rising incidence of anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults over the past 30 years reflects the increasing global mental health burden. Socioeconomic factors, particularly in middle SDI regions, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated this trend. Effective, targeted interventions focusing on early prevention and community-based mental health management are urgently needed to mitigate the long-term impact on young populations globally.
Micro and nano plastics: contaminants in beverages and prevention strategies
Authors: Ma Chang , Ramachandraiah Karna , Jiang Guihun
Published: November 2024

The widespread use of plastics in beverage packaging has led to the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in beverages, which poses significant environmental and health hazards. This review explores the sources, entry pathways, and risk factors for MPs and NPs in beverages, emphasizing their toxicological profiles and harmful effects on human health and the environment. Methods for detecting MPs and NPs in beverages are discussed, highlighting the need for standardized testing protocols. Furthermore, future solution strategies, challenges, and preventive measures for mitigating MP and NP contamination in beverages are proposed, including advanced filtration systems, the development of alternative packaging materials, and the strengthening of regulatory standards. Collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, scientific institutions, and policymakers are essential to address this complex issue and ensure the safety and purity of beverages for consumers worldwide.
Soft Red Winter Wheat Elite Germplasm Screening and Evaluation for Stripe Rust in the US Southeast Region
Authors: Shakiba Ehsan , DeWitt Noah , Babar Ali , Boyles Richard E. , Mergoum Mohamed , Sutton Russell , Lyerly Jeanette , Murphy Paul , Harrison Stephen
Published: November 2024

Stripe rust is a severe disease affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the United States Southeast region, necessitating the identification of resistant sources. The study was conducted at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, and utilized a Randomized Block Design over three years. A total of 1130 lines were inoculated annually, and their responses for stripe rust were recorded. The results revealed that 11%, 79%, and 77% of the lines showed resistance in the first, second, and third years, respectively, with an overall 50% of the whole population. Linear Mixed Model and Generalized Estimating Equation analyses highlighted environmental influences, with cooler, humid conditions in 2021 favoring stripe rust, while warmer, variable conditions in 2022 and stable weather in 2023 contributed to lower disease severity. Data analysis of infection rates and disease development indicated that the newer generations of wheat lines tested in 2022 and 2023 exhibited higher resistance lines, lower infection rates, and slower disease progression. The findings support targeted breeding strategies for durable stripe rust resistance, emphasizing the importance of multi-environment testing and selection of lines with adult-plant resistance traits. This research offers valuable insights for breeders, agronomists, and farmers aiming to mitigate stripe rust impact through improved cultivars and informed management practices.
Parameter Optimization of Spiral Step Cleaning Device for Ratooning Rice Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method Coupling
Authors: Liu Weijian , Zeng Shan , Wu Zhandong
Published: November 2024

Ratooning rice plants have a high moisture content and strong adhesion during harvesting. Traditional cleaning devices are prone to clogging when processing ratooning rice, resulting in a series of problems such as high grain loss rate and high grain impurity rate. In response to the above issues, this article adopts the CFD-DEM coupling method to design a spiral step cleaning device. A detailed analysis was conducted on the influence of the cone angle and thickness of the spiral-stepped skeletons on the flow state, and flow velocity and pressure distribution cloud maps were obtained under different structural parameters. The vortex morphology under different thicknesses of the spiral-stepped skeletons was compared, and the structural parameters of the device were determined. The motion trajectory and distribution of impurity particles under different inlet flow velocities were analyzed using data superposition, and the appropriate inlet flow velocity range was determined. A test bench was built, and a three-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment was conducted with fan speed, feeding rate, and device inclination angle as experimental factors. The results of the bench test show that the performance index reaches its optimum when the device inclination angle, fan speed, and feeding rate are 2.47°, 2906 r/min, and 4.0 kg/s, respectively. At this time, the grain impurity rate, grain loss rate, and sieve clogging rate are 2.21%, 2.15%, and 3.5%, respectively. Compared to those of traditional cleaning equipment, these value are reduced by 44.5%, 39.6%, and 83.9%, respectively. This study can provide ideas for the design of ratooning rice cleaning devices.