bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATP Bioluminescence Assay To Evaluate Antibiotic Combinations against Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Puig-Collderram Berta , Domene-Ochoa Sandra , Salvà-Comas Maria , Montero Maria Milagro , Duran Xavier , González Juan R. , Grau Santiago , Oliver Antonio , Horcajada Juan P. , Padilla Eduardo , Segura Concepción , Prim Núria
Published: July 2022

Combining antibiotics is one of the few strategies available to overcome infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Time-kill curves are usually performed to evaluate antibiotic combinations, but obtaining results is too laborious to be routinely performed in a clinical laboratory.
Comparative
In Vitro
Study of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Prosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Macias-Valcayo Alicia , Aguilera-Correa John-Jairo , Broncano Antonio , Parron Raul , Auñon Alvaro , Garcia-Cañete Joaquin , Blanco Antonio , Esteban Jaime
Published: July 2022

This study is the first one to analyze a high number of isolates of Gram-negative bacilli that are the cause of prosthetic joint infection. The analysis includes biofilm development and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of both planktonic and sessile bacteria. The obtained results support the clinical knowledge about the treatment of these bacteria when biofilms are involved.
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Are Copurified with Feline Calicivirus, yet EV-Enriched Fractions Remain Infectious
Authors: Mizenko Rachel R. , Brostoff Terza , Jackson Kenneth , Pesavento Patricia A. , Carney Randy P.
Published: July 2022

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory infection in cats. Both healthy and infected cells produce small particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanoparticles that act as messengers between cells and can be hijacked during viral infection.
An Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Fingerprint Matching Approach for the Identification and Structural Re-Evaluation of Pseudomonas Lipopeptides
Authors: De Roo Vic , Verleysen Yentl , Kovács Benjámin , De Vleeschouwer Matthias , Muangkaew Penthip , Girard Léa , Höfte Monica , De Mot René , Madder Annemieke , Geudens Niels , Martins José C.
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas
CLiPs are ubiquitous specialized metabolites, impacting the producer’s lifestyle and interactions with the (a)biotic environment. Consequently, they generate interest for agricultural and clinical applications.
Supplemental Material: Deoxygenation and organic carbon sequestration in the Tethyan realm associated with the middle Eocene climatic optimum
Authors: Cramwinckel Margot J , et al.
Published: July 2022

Figure S1: Abundances of key calcareous nannofossil index taxa throughout the studied interval at the Belaya River section. Figure S2: Mercury (Hg) contents of middle Eocene Belaya River section sediments, plotted together with data sets with comparable Corg content. Figure S3: Frequency (number of samples) histogram of binned Hg (ppb)/Corg (wt%) values. Table S1: GDGT distributions (peak areas) from the middle Eocene Kuma Formation, Belaya River section. Table S2: Geochemical proxy records from the middle Eocene Kuma Formation, Belaya River section. Table S3: Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic data for selected taxa from the middle Eocene Kuma Formation, Belaya River section.
Ready for impact? A validity and feasibility study of instrumented mouthguards (iMGs)
Authors: Jones Ben , Tooby James , Weaving Dan , Till Kevin , Owen Cameron , Begonia Mark , Stokes Keith A , Rowson Steven , Phillips Gemma , Hendricks Sharief , Falvey Éanna Cian , Al-Dawoud Marwan , Tierney Gregory
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Assess the validity and feasibility of current instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and associated systems.

Methods

Phase I; four iMG systems (Biocore-Football Research Inc (FRI), HitIQ, ORB, Prevent) were compared against dummy headform laboratory criterion standards (25, 50, 75, 100
g
). Phase II; four iMG systems were evaluated for on-field validity of iMG-triggered events against video-verification to determine true-positives, false-positives and false-negatives (20±9 player matches per iMG). Phase III; four iMG systems were evaluated by 18 rugby players, for perceptions of
fit
,
comfort
and
function
. Phase IV; three iMG systems (Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, Prevent) were evaluated for practical feasibility (System Usability Scale (SUS)) by four practitioners.

Results

Phase I; total concordance correlation coefficients were 0.986, 0.965, 0.525 and 0.984 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase II; different on-field kinematics were observed between iMGs. Positive predictive values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.53 and 0.94 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Sensitivity values were 0.51, 0.40, 0.71 and 0.75 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase III; player perceptions of
fit
,
comfort
and
function
were 77%, 6/10, 55% for Biocore-FRI, 88%, 8/10, 61% for HitIQ, 65%, 5/10, 43% for ORB and 85%, 8/10, 67% for Prevent. Phase IV; SUS (preparation-management) was 51.3–50.6/100, 71.3–78.8/100 and 83.8–80.0/100 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ and Prevent.

Conclusion

This study shows differences between current iMG systems exist. Sporting organisations can use these findings when evaluating which iMG system is most appropriate to monitor head acceleration events in athletes, supporting player welfare initiatives related to concussion and head acceleration exposure.
Clinical code usage in UK general practice: a cohort study exploring 18 conditions over 14 years
Authors: Zghebi Salwa S , Reeves David , Grigoroglou Christos , McMillan Brian , Ashcroft Darren M , Parisi Rosa , Kontopantelis Evangelos
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the diagnostic Read code usage for 18 conditions by examining their frequency and diversity in UK primary care between 2000 and 2013.

Design

Population-based cohort study

Setting

684 UK general practices contributing data to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD.

Participants

Patients with clinical codes for at least one of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension (HT), coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure, stroke, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, learning disability (LD), depression, dementia, epilepsy, severe mental illness (SMI), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and cancer.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

For the frequency ranking of clinical codes, canonical correlation analysis was applied to correlations of clinical code usage of 1, 3 and 5 years. Three measures of diversity (Shannon entropy index of diversity, richness and evenness) were used to quantify changes in incident and total clinical codes.

Results

Overall, all examined conditions, except LD, showed positive monotonic correlation. HT, hypothyroidism, osteoarthritis and SMI codes’ usage had high 5-year correlation. The codes’ usage diversity remained stable overall throughout the study period. Cancer, diabetes and SMI had the highest richness (code lists need time to define) unlike AF, hypothyroidism and LD. SMI (high richness) and hypothyroidism (low richness) can last for 5 years, whereas cancer and diabetes (high richness) and LD (low richness) only last for 2 years.

Conclusions

This is an under-reported research area and the findings suggest the codes’ usage diversity for most conditions remained overall stable throughout the study period. Generated mental health code lists can last for a long time unlike cardiometabolic conditions and cancer. Adopting more consistent and less diverse coding would help improve data quality in primary care. Future research is needed following the transfer to the Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) coding.
Modelling and in vivo evaluation of tendon forces and strain in dynamic rehabilitation exercises: a scoping review
Authors: Escriche-Escuder Adrian , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio I , Casaña Jose
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Although exercise is considered the preferred approach for tendinopathies, the actual load that acts on the tendon in loading programmes is usually unknown. The objective of this study was to review the techniques that have been applied in vivo to estimate the forces and strain that act on the human tendon in dynamic exercises used during rehabilitation.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched from database inception to February 2021.

Eligibility criteria

Cross-sectional studies available in English or Spanish language were included if they focused on evaluating the forces or strain of human tendons in vivo during dynamic exercises. Studies were excluded if they did not evaluate tendon forces or strain; if they evaluated running, walking, jumping, landing or no dynamic exercise at all; and if they were conference proceedings or book chapters.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extracted included year of publication, study setting, study population characteristics, technique used and exercises evaluated. The studies were grouped by the types of techniques and the tendon location.

Results

Twenty-one studies were included. Fourteen studies used an indirect methodology based on inverse dynamics, nine of them in the Achilles and five in the patellar tendon. Six studies implemented force transducers for measuring tendon forces in open carpal tunnel release surgery patients. One study applied an optic fibre technique to detect forces in the patellar tendon. Four studies measured strain using ultrasound-based techniques.

Conclusions

There is a predominant use of inverse dynamics, but force transducers, optic fibre and estimations from strain data are also used. Although these tools may be used to make general estimates of tendon forces and strains, the invasiveness of some methods and the loss of immediacy of others make it difficult to provide immediate feedback to the individuals.
Evaluation of the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy Scale in the UK: a psychometric analysis including predictive validity
Authors: Hall Jennifer , Barrett Geraldine , Rocca Corinne
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the psychometric performance, including predictive validity, of a UK version of the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy (DAP) scale.

Design

Prospective cohort study for psychometric evaluation.

Setting

UK.

Participants

Women in the UK aged 15 years to menopause, who were not pregnant at the time of recruitment in October 2018, were eligible. 994 women completed the baseline survey and 90.2% of women eligible for the 12-month survey participated.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The DAP scale was assessed according to key measurement properties of validity (construct (structural and hypothesis testing) and criterion (predictive)), reliability (internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest using intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC) and differential item functioning. Item response and classical test theory methods were used.

Results

The scale was acceptable, understandable and showed good targeting with the full range of scores captured. Construct validity was demonstrated on hypothesis testing, with odds of contraceptive use increasing threefold with each increasing DAP point (range: 0–4). Eighty per cent of women with the lowest DAP score became pregnant within 12 months, compared with <1% of those with the highest DAP score. Reliability, both in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.96) and test–retest (ICC 0.95), was excellent. Some tests of structural validity, in relation to model fit with the item-response model, were not met, and investigations suggest further exploration of the factor structure of the DAP is required in other samples. Item 5, regarding relationship with a partner, showed differential item functioning by age, number of children and relationship group.

Conclusions

The UK DAP is a valid and reliable measure of women’s DAP and is highly predictive of pregnancy within the next 12 months. Further evaluations should continue the assessment of the factor structure and the performance of the item relating to the partner.
Parametric and non-parametric estimation of reference intervals for routine laboratory tests: an analysis of health check-up data for 260 889 young men in the South Korean military
Authors: Kim Taeyun , Choi Hyunji , Lee Sun Min
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Determination of reference intervals (RIs) using big data faces several obstacles due to heterogeneity in analysers, period and ethnicity. The present study aimed to establish the RIs for routine common blood count (CBC) and biochemistry laboratory tests in homogeneous, healthy, male Korean soldiers in their 20s using a large health check-up data set, comparing parametric and non-parametric estimation.

Design

A multicentre, cross-sectional study.

Setting

Seven armed forces hospitals in South Korea.

Participants

A total of 609 649 men underwent health examination when promoted to corporal between January 2015 and September 2021. 260 889 eligible individuals aged 20–25 were included in the analysis.

Main outcomes and measures

The RIs were established by parametric and non-parametric methods. In the parametric approach, maximum likelihood estimation was applied to measure the Box-Cox transformation parameter and the values at the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were recalculated. The non-parametric approach adopted the Tukey’s exclusion test and the values at the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were obtained. Classification by body mass index was also performed.

Results

The obtained RIs for haematology parameters were comparable between devices. If the values followed a Gaussian distribution, parametric and non-parametric methods were well matched for haematology and biochemical markers. When the values were right-skewed, the upper limits were higher with parametric than with non-parametric methods. Participants with obesity showed higher RIs for CBC, some liver function tests and some lipid profiles than participants without obesity.

Conclusions

Using data from healthy, male Korean soldiers in their 20s, we proposed the RIs for CBC and biochemical parameters, comparing parametric and non-parametric estimation. As such approaches based on large data sets become more prevalent, further studies are needed to discriminate eligible individuals and determine RIs in an extrapolated sample.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Pi Hongyang , Rayner Samuel G , Ralph David D , Nolley Stephanie , Barros Lia M , Steinberg Zachary L , Leary Peter J
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a serious and life-threatening illness. Thyroid dysfunction is relatively understudied in individuals with PAH but is known to affect cardiac function and vascular tone in other diseases. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), mortal and non-mortal outcomes in individuals with PAH.

Methods

The Seattle Right Ventricle Translational Science (Servetus) Study is an observational cohort that enrolled participants with PAH between 2014 and 2016 and then followed them for 3 years. TSH was measured irrespective of a clinical suspicion of thyroid disease for all participants in the cohort. Linear regression was used to estimate the relationships between TSH and right ventricular basal diameter, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and 6-minute walk distance. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship with New York Heart Association Functional Class, and Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate the relationship with mortality. Staged models included unadjusted models and models accounting for age, sex at birth and aetiology of pulmonary hypertension with or without further adjustment for N-terminal-pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide.

Results

Among 112 participants with PAH, TSH was strongly associated with mortality irrespective of adjustment. There was no clear consistent association between TSH and other markers of severity in a cohort with PAH.

Discussion

This report reinforces the important observation that TSH is associated with survival in patients with PAH, and future study of thyroid dysfunction as a potential remediable contributor to mortality in PAH is warranted.
Development and test–retest reliability of a new, self-report questionnaire assessing healthcare use and personal costs in people with inflammatory bowel disease: the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Resource Use Questionnaire (IBD-RUQ)
Authors: Roukas Chris , Syred Jonathan , Gordeev Vladimir Sergeevich , Norton Christine , Hart Ailsa , Mihaylova Borislava
Published: July 2022

Background and aims

The increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses a substantial economic burden globally on health systems and societies. Validated instruments to collect data on healthcare and other service utilisation by patients with IBD are lacking. We developed a self-report patient questionnaire to capture key resource utilisation from health services, patient and societal perspectives.

Methods

The IBD Resource Use Questionnaire (IBD-RUQ), developed by a multidisciplinary team, including patients, comprises 102 items across the six categories of outpatient visits, diagnostics, medication, hospitalisations, employment and out-of-pocket expenses over the past three months. The test–retest reliability of the IBD-RUQ was studied by administering it twice among patients with IBD with a 2-week time gap. The intraclass correlation coefficients and the average cost from the healthcare, societal and patient perspectives, between test and retest assessments, overall and by service category, were summarised.

Results

The IBD-RUQ captures health service use, employment and out-of-pocket expenses. Of 55 patients who completed the first questionnaire, 48 completed the retest questionnaires and were included in the analyses. Test–retest reliability for categories of medications, diagnostics, specialist outpatient and inpatient services, and days off work due to IBD ranged from moderate to excellent; primary care visits showed more limited reliability. The annualised average self-reported health service, out-of-pocket and loss of productivity costs were £4844, £320 and £545 per patient, respectively.

Conclusions

The IBD-RUQ is a reliable and valid self-report measure of resource utilisation in adults with IBD and can be used to measure costs associated with IBD.
Approach to laboratory ordering and interpretation in rheumatology
Authors: Miloslavsky Eli M
Published: July 2022

Evaluation of suspected rheumatic disease is a significant challenge due to overlapping and sometimes non-specific clinical features. Most laboratory tests in rheumatic disease have incomplete sensitivity and specificity, leading to positive results without disease and negative results despite disease presence. Therefore, judicious ordering and correct interpretation of laboratory testing in rheumatology is critical in order to provide high-value care. Herein we review laboratory testing in rheumatology in the context of a framework for approaching rheumatic disease.
Synthesis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Indonesian calamus oil and its in silico pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Lerrick Reinner I.
Published: July 2022

There is a race to search for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers due to the escalating cases of the life-threatening COVID-19 pandemic. Those current nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used as an inflammation adjunct treatment on COVID-19 patients, including paracetamol, ibuprofen, and celecoxib, are still under dispute offering emergency development of a new potent NSAID. Meanwhile, a well-known COX-2 selective anti-inflammation 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA) has not been developed further in terms of its synthetic methodology and its pharmacokinetic studies. Herein, the synthesis of 2,4,5-TMBA from Indonesia sweet flag ( Acorus calamus) and its pharmacokinetic properties was studied through in silico calculation. A typical Asian tetraploid calamus oil was yielded ( 90% pure) after reduced pressure distillation of the crude Indonesian sweet flag oil. Submission of that oil into a very cheap DIY ozone machine produced 95% of pure 2,4,5-TMBA just in 10 min ozonised. The in silico adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction using the free access ADMETlab 2.0 web server strongly recommended 2,4,5-TMBA to be an orally administered NSAID candidate.
Understanding the diversity of objectives among women forest owners in Finland
Authors: Kuhlman Juulia , Berghäll Sami , Hurttala Henna , Vainio Annukka
Published: July 2022

Women forest owners control a significant share of private forests in Finland, but they are often underrepresented in forest-related surveys. It also seems that women forest owners are less active in performing forestry work or selling wood; however, the information on women forest owners is sparce. The purpose of this study is to deepen understanding of the association between women forest owners’ activities and their ownership objectives. The study analysed a large survey ( n = 6468) collected as part of the Finnish Forest Owner 2020 research project. Overall, women forest owners were found to be less active in many aspects compared to their men counterparts. With k-means clustering, four different clusters of women forest owners with different ownership-objective profiles were identified. Differences in ownership activities between the clusters were compared using Pearson's chi-square test. Multi-objective women forest owners were more active than other women owners. Moreover, women forest owners who valued nature and recreation were less active than other women forest owners. This might indicate the lack of service-dominant logic in forestry-related services. By providing a more detailed understanding of women forest owners, the results aid the design of more equal and inclusive forest policies and forest services.
Weaker yet again: mass spectrum-consistent cosmological constraints on the neutrino lifetime
Authors: Chen Joe Zhiyu , Oldengott Isabel M. , Pierobon Giovanni , Wong Yvonne Y. Y.
Published: July 2022

We consider invisible neutrino decay $$\nu _H \rightarrow \nu _l + \phi $$

ν
H

→

ν
l

+
ϕ

in the ultra-relativistic limit and compute the neutrino anisotropy loss rate relevant for the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. Improving on our previous work which assumed massless$$\nu _l$$

ν
l

and $$\phi $$
ϕ
, we reinstate in this work the daughter neutrino mass $$m_{\nu l}$$

m

ν
l

in a manner consistent with the experimentally determined neutrino mass splittings. We find that a nonzero $$m_{\nu l}$$

m

ν
l

introduces a new phase space factor in the loss rate $$\varGamma _\mathrm{T}$$

Γ
T

proportional to $$(\varDelta m_\nu ^2/m_{\nu _H}^2)^2$$

(
Δ

m
ν
2

/

m

ν
H

2

)

2

in the limit of a small squared mass gap between the parent and daughter neutrinos, i.e., $$\varGamma _\mathrm{T} \sim (\varDelta m_\nu ^2/m_{\nu H}^2)^2 (m_{\nu H}/E_\nu )^5 (1/\tau _0)$$

Γ
T

∼

(
Δ

m
ν
2

/

m

ν
H

2

)

2

(

m

ν
H

/

E
ν

)

5

(
1
/

τ
0

)

, where $$\tau _0$$

τ
0

is the $$\nu _H$$

ν
H

rest-frame lifetime. Using a general form of this result, we update the limit on $$\tau _0$$

τ
0

using the Planck 2018 CMB data. We find that for a parent neutrino of mass $$m_{\nu H} \lesssim 0.1$$

m

ν
H

≲
0.1

 eV, the new phase space factor weakens the constraint on its lifetime by up to a factor of 50 if $$\varDelta m_\nu ^2$$

Δ

m
ν
2

corresponds to the atmospheric mass gap and up to $$10^{5}$$

10
5

if the solar mass gap, in comparison with naïve estimates that assume $$m_{\nu l}=0$$

m

ν
l

=
0

. The revised constraints are (i) $$\tau ^0 > rsim (6 \rightarrow 10) \times 10^5$$

τ
0

≳

(
6
→
10
)

×

10
5

 s and $$\tau ^0 > rsim (400 \rightarrow 500)$$

τ
0

≳

(
400
→
500
)

 s if only one neutrino decays to a daughter neutrino separated by, respectively, the atmospheric and the solar mass gap, and (ii) $$\tau ^0 > rsim (2 \rightarrow 6) \times 10^7$$

τ
0

≳

(
2
→
6
)

×

10
7

 s in the case of two decay channels with one near-common atmospheric mass gap. In contrast to previous, naïve limits which scale as $$m_{\nu H}^5$$

m

ν
H

5

, these mass spectrum-consistent $$\tau _0$$

τ
0

constraints are remarkably independent of the parent mass and open up a swath of parameter space within the projected reach of IceCube and other neutrino telescopes in the next two decades.
Scalar scattering by black holes and wormholes
Authors: Junior Haroldo C. D. Lima , Benone Carolina L. , Crispino Luís C. B.
Published: July 2022

We study the scattering of monochromatic planar scalar waves in a geometry that interpolates between the Schwarzschild solution, regular black holes and traversable wormhole spacetimes. We employ the partial waves approach to compute the differential scattering cross section of the regular black hole, as well as of the wormhole solutions. We compare our full numerical results with the classical geodesic scattering and the glory approximation, obtaining excellent agreement in the appropriate regime of validity of such approximations. We obtain that the differential scattering cross section for the regular black hole case is similar to the Schwarzschild result. Notwithstanding, the results for wormholes can be very distinctive from the black hole ones. In particular, we show that the differential scattering cross section for wormholes considerably decreases at large scattering angles for resonant frequencies.
Gorenstein AC-Projective and AC-Injective Modules over Formal Triangular Matrix Rings
Authors: Wu Dejun , Zhou Hui
Published: July 2022

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be rings and [Formula: see text] a [Formula: see text]-bimodule. If [Formula: see text] is flat and [Formula: see text] is finitely generated projective (resp., [Formula: see text] is finitely generated projective and [Formula: see text] is flat), then the characterizations of level modules and Gorenstein AC-projective modules (resp., absolutely clean modules and Gorenstein AC-injective modules) over the formal triangular matrix ring [Formula: see text] are given. As applications, it is proved that every Gorenstein AC-projective left [Formula: see text]-module is projective if and only if each Gorenstein AC-projective left [Formula: see text]-module and [Formula: see text]-module is projective, and every Gorenstein AC-injective left [Formula: see text]-module is injective if and only if each Gorenstein AC-injective left [Formula: see text]-module and [Formula: see text]-module is injective. Moreover, Gorenstein AC-projective and AC-injective dimensions over the formal triangular matrix ring [Formula: see text] are studied.
Measuring collective attention in online content
Authors: Wu Siqi
Published: July 2022

Siqi Wu is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Center for Social Media Responsibility at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor). Prior to that, he was a research fellow in the Computational Media Lab at the Australian National University, where he also completed his Ph.D. (Computer Science). His research interests include computational social science, social computing, and crowd-sourcing systems. He has published papers at ICWSM, CSCW, CIKM, WWW, and WSDM. He has received one best paper honorable mention award at CSCW and one best paper finalist award at ICWSM. He was also a recipient of the Google PhD fellowship. More information about Siqi's work can be found at https://avalanchesiqi.github.io

In his thesis, Siqi focused on understanding how online content captures collective human attention. He tackled a series of questions, including (a) how does Twitter API's sampling mechanism impact common measurements? (b) why do some YouTube videos keep the users staying longer? (c) how does YouTube recommender system drive user attention? (d) how do liberals and conservatives engage in cross-partisan discussions online? and (e) how does online attention transcend across platforms, across topics, and over time? Altogether, his research explores the collective consumption patterns of human attention in digital platforms. Methods, observations, and software demonstrations from his work can be used by content owners, hosting sites, and online users alike to improve video production, recommender systems, and advertising strategies.
SIGCSE Technical Symposium 2022
Authors: Soh Leen-Kiat , Dorn Brian , Battestilli Lina
Published: July 2022

The SIGCSE TS is a forum for educators and researchers to share new results and insights around developing, implementing, or evaluating computing programs, pedagogy, curricula, and courses. The conference is planned to be held in Toronto, Ontario and will offer hybrid participation.
As a CS educator, how do you think we can address inequity issues that exist in the field?
Authors: Miller Jeffrey , Wallace Charles , Walther Kendra , Kesar Shalini
Published: July 2022

We have been inviting CS education researchers to offer brief remarks to spark discussion and provide ideas for actions we can all take to address inequity issues.
Fungal Dispersal Across Spatial Scales
Authors: Chaudhary V. Bala , Aguilar-Trigueros Carlos A. , Mansour India , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: July 2022

Fungi play key roles in ecosystems and human societies as decomposers, nutrient cyclers, mutualists, and pathogens. Estimates suggest that roughly 3–13 million fungal species exist worldwide, yet considerable knowledge gaps exist regarding the mechanisms and consequences, both ecological and social, of fungal dispersal from local to global scales. In this review, we summarize concepts underlying fungal dispersal, review recent research, and explore how fungi possess unique characteristics that can broaden our understanding of general dispersal ecology. We highlight emerging frontiers in fungal dispersal research that integrate technological advances with trait-based ecology, movement ecology, social–ecological systems, and work in unexplored environments. Outstanding research questions across these themes are presented to stimulate theoretical and empirical research in fungal dispersal ecology. Advances in fungal dispersal will improve our understanding of fungal community assembly and biogeography across a range of spatial scales, with implications for ecosystem functioning, global food security, and human health.
Local Adaptation: Causal Agents of Selection and Adaptive Trait Divergence
Authors: Wadgymar Susana M. , DeMarche Megan L. , Josephs Emily B. , Sheth Seema N. , Anderson Jill T.
Published: July 2022

Divergent selection across the landscape can favor the evolution of local adaptation in populations experiencing contrasting conditions. Local adaptation is widely observed in a diversity of taxa, yet we have a surprisingly limited understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to it. For instance, few have experimentally confirmed the biotic and abiotic variables that promote local adaptation, and fewer yet have identified the phenotypic targets of selection that mediate local adaptation. Here, we highlight critical gaps in our understanding of the process of local adaptation and discuss insights emerging from in-depth investigations of the agents of selection that drive local adaptation, the phenotypes they target, and the genetic basis of these phenotypes. We review historical and contemporary methods for assessing local adaptation, explore whether local adaptation manifests differently across life history, and evaluate constraints on local adaptation.
Gender Equity in Oceanography
Authors: Legg Sonya , Wang Caixia , Kappel Ellen , Thompson LuAnne
Published: July 2022

Gender equity, providing for full participation of people of all genders in the oceanographic workforce, is an important goal for the continued success of the oceanographic enterprise. Here, we describe historical obstructions to gender equity; assess recent progress and the current status of gender equity in oceanography by examining quantitative measures of participation, achievement, and recognition; and review activities to improve gender equity. We find that women receive approximately half the oceanography PhDs in many parts of the world and are increasing in parity in earlier levels of academic employment. However, continued progress toward gender parity is needed, as reflected by metrics such as first-authored publications, funded grants, honors, and conference speaker invitations. Finally we make recommendations for the whole oceanographic community to continue to work together to create a culture where oceanographers of all genders can thrive, including eliminating harassment, reexamining selection and evaluation procedures, and removing structural inequities.
Lipid Biogeochemistry and Modern Lipidomic Techniques
Authors: Edwards Bethanie R.
Published: July 2022

Lipids are structurally diverse biomolecules that serve multiple roles in cells. As such, they are used as biomarkers in the modern ocean and as paleoproxies to explore the geological past. Here, I review lipid geochemistry, biosynthesis, and compartmentalization; the varied uses of lipids as biomarkers; and the evolution of analytical techniques used to measure and characterize lipids. Advancements in high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry have revolutionized the lipidomic and metabolomic fields, both of which are quickly being integrated into marine meta-omic studies. Lipidomics allows us to analyze tens of thousands of features, providing an open analytical window and the ability to quantify unknown compounds that can be structurally elucidated later. However, lipidome annotation is not a trivial matter and represents one of the biggest challenges for oceanographers, owing in part to the lack of marine lipids in current in silico databases and data repositories. A case study reveals the gaps in our knowledge and open opportunities to answer fundamental questions about molecular-level control of chemical reactions and global-scale patterns in the lipidscape.
FeCoNiB Nanoparticles Anchoring on Vertically Aligned B-Doped Graphene Array as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ren Xiaolin , Liu Rong , Tian Yuchen , Guo Kaiming , Jiang Bin
Published: July 2022

Research on cost-effective and high-efficient catalysts for overall water splitting is urgent, and iron group metal borides (IMBs) are a promising candidate. Here, FeCoNiB nanoparticles anchoring on vertically aligned B-doped graphene array (FeCoNiB/BVG) by electroless plating are synthesized for overall water splitting, and FeCoNiB nanoparticles anchoring on other heteroatom-doped graphene substrates (FeCoNiB/XVG, X = N, P, S, O) are prepared for comparison. FeCoNiB/BVG exhibits the best performance with HER and OER overpotential of only 88 mV and 149 mV in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. And FeCoNiB/BVG has a very strong stability for 15 h and the Faraday efficiency of about 94%. The XPS results prove that the best performance of FeCoNiB/BVG is due to the synergistic effect between B in BVG and B in FeCoNiB. This work provides a reference for the rational design of non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts and promotes the application of non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts in the water electrolysis industry.
Design and FEM Analysis of High-Torque Power Density Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) for Two-Wheeler E-Vehicle Applications
Authors: Sundaram Maruthachalam , Anand Mouttouvelou , Chelladurai Jaganathan , Varunraj Paramasivam , Joshua Smith Sam , Sharma Shubham , El Haj Assad Mamdouh , Alayi Reza
Published: July 2022

Launch of electric vehicles have seen a substantial rise for the past few years in emerging economies like India. In countries like India, the growth and penetration of the electric vehicles in the Indian automotive industry specifically for the two-wheeler segments are driven by the demand surge where cost and motor metrics have a substantial deciding factor. The in-wheel hub-motor, which is the prime mover for the two wheelers, decides the comfort zone of the customer in various metrics such as efficiency, torque, speed range, charging, and hence the distance covered. This paper addresses the design formulation of achieving a high torque Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) conventionally known as the hub-motor, explicitly for electric two-wheeler application. The hub-motor is aimed for the defined D and L (280 × 30 mm) of volumetric constraints to deliver the rated torque of 50 Nm at the spinning speed of 400 rpm. The hub-motor design is aimed for distance range of 108 km/charge, at the vehicle speed of 54 km/hr for the designed diametric and volumetric constraints. This will lead to a typical cost-effective e-vehicle system since the required distance range of 108 km is achievable at the defined rim size and geometry with an enhanced efficiency greater than 90%. The design is carried out by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using the electromagnetic software MotorSolve. The results computed are analyzed and validated for the optimal loading conditions for the ambient temperature of 50°C. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design formulation and methodology for achieving the high power density hub-motors for satisfying the customer’s comfort zone in establishing the performance metrics of the electromagnetic system.
The Examination of the Influence of Caffeinated Coffee Consumption on the Concentrations of Serum Prolactin and Selected Parameters of the Oxidative-Antioxidant Balance in Young Adults: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Rodak Kamil , Kokot Izabela , Kryla Aleksandra , Kratz Ewa Maria
Published: July 2022

We verified whether caffeinated coffee consumption influenced the concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and oxidative stress parameters: total antioxidant status (TAS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (T-Bil), albumin (ALB), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP)—in blood sera obtained at 15, 60, and 120 minutes after caffeinated coffee intake, in relation to the fasting point. The study participants were 33 young, healthy, nonsmoking volunteers (15 men, 18 women) aged 19-29 years. PRL concentrations significantly decreased (

p
<
0.05

) after consumption, except at time point 15’ in men (

p
>
0.05

). In women, FRAP levels significantly increased over time, and significant changes were also observed for UA at 120’ and ALB at 15’. In men, significant changes were found for levels of AOPP at 15’, T-Bil and ALB at 15’, iron at 60’ and 120’, and calcium at 120’. There were no significant differences in the levels of other examined parameters between the defined time points. In conclusion, the substances contained in caffeinated coffee decrease the level of prolactin and may also have an impact on selected parameters of oxidative stress, which could be the basis of future research focused on the identification of new therapeutic targets.
The Long-Time Behavior of 2D Nonautonomous
g
-Navier-Stokes Equations with Weak Dampness and Time Delay
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Jiang Jinping
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we discuss the long-time behavior of

g

-Navier-Stokes equations with weak dampnesss and time delay. The uniformly attracting sets of processes are obtained. On the basis of the method with asymptotic compactness, the existence of the uniform attractor for the equation is proved with the restriction of the forcing term belonging to translational compacted function space.
Analysis and Application of Gymnastics Sports Characteristics Based on Artificial Neural Network and Intelligent Optimization
Authors: Xu Yixiong , Jia Peng
Published: July 2022

Gymnastics has attracted people’s attention in various competitions by virtue of its beautiful movements and difficult technical performances. The research and exploration of neural network theory are to make the process from receiving instructions to completing actions in one go while sending instructions. Compared with the previous competitive gymnastics, it mainly relies on personal understanding and coach’s guidance to get high-scoring movements. Through intelligent calculation, it can decompose and calculate each movement in detail and adjust its strength, so as to further improve its excellent characteristics. We combined artificial neural network and intelligent optimization method to achieve more scientific and reasonable guidance for gymnastics, so that people can get better performance in performance and competition. The experimental summary of this paper is as follows: (1) Under the analysis of sample data 5000, it shows that the right segmentation curve is superior to the left segmentation curve and is relatively stable. (2) The BP neural network is obviously higher than the other two algorithms in the experimental test under different dimensions, and the qualified dimension value is controlled within the standard range. (3) In the experimental diagram of mean square error, the ideal error value is about 0.005, and it is possible to reach this target value only under the condition of perfect performance. (4) Convergence function is to explore the gracefulness of action analysis, and the convergence of its artificial peak group greatly shows the performance of global exploration.
Numerical Solution of the Absolute Value Equation Using Modified Iteration Methods
Authors: Ali Rashid
Published: July 2022

This article suggests two new modified iteration methods called the modified Gauss-Seidel (MGS) method and the modified fixed point (MFP) method to solve the absolute value equation. Using appropriate assumptions, we examine the convergence of the given methods. Lastly, numerical examples illustrate the usefulness of the new strategies.
Petroleum Exploration System Based on Main Migration Pathway and Nanohydrocarbon
Authors: Liu Minhui , Yang Yongqiang , Luo Jiaqiang , Dhandapani Anbarasu
Published: July 2022

Nanohydrocarbon is a new concept for oil accumulation mechanism, and oil can be found in nanosized pore throats. At Qikau Sag, the source and reservoir are found coexisting along the slopes of this basin. It is a complex process for nanopores to converge into the reservoir. Source‐control theory and multiple oil‐gas accumulative zone theory are the efficient petroleum exploration theories in the areas of low‐middle developed exploration degree in the continental basin, but they are not suitable for middle‐high developed exploration areas. For this reason, in this research work, the theory of the Petroleum Exploration System based on main migration pathway and nanohydrocarbon is proposed. In complex middle‐high developed petroleum exploration area, we focus on the premise of determining the source and use the abundant data of seismic, logging, coring, analysis and testing, production performance, and a large number of research results of predecessors, to detect the geometry of the main migration channels of oil and gas and to make clear migration trajectory of oil and development history of traps, track clues, and dig the optimization exploration areas based on the assessment condition. The risk for petroleum exploration in a new area can be minimized and led to the utmost advantage of exploration by using this option.
The Impact of the Speed and Temperature Variation on the Electric Vehicles Reliability
Authors: Ghaedi Amir , Mahmoudian Mehrdad , Sedaghati Reza
Published: July 2022

The transportation system contains many fossil fuel-based automobiles equipped with the internal combustion engine that results in the pollution of the environment and greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, to replace these automobiles with clean choices, electric vehicles are developed. So far, three kinds of electric vehicles including hybrid, plug-in, and full-electric vehicles are introduced. In the hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles, both the internal combustion engine and electric motor are used to move the vehicle. However, in the full-electric vehicle, the movement of the vehicle is done only by the electric motor. Due to the development of the electric vehicles in the transportation system, different aspects of these vehicles such as reliability must be studied. The reliability indices of the electric vehicles are affected by the failure rate of the composed components. Thus, to exactly determine the reliability performance of the electric vehicles, the failure rate of the main composed components affected by different parameters such as speed of the vehicle and temperature is taken into account. In the present paper, to accurately study the reliability of all-electric vehicles, the impact of variation in the temperature and vehicle speed on the failure rate of the composed components including battery, inverter, electric motor, and other static and rotation parts of the full-electric vehicle and consequently the failure rate of the vehicle is investigated. To determine the impact of operating temperature on the failure rate of composed components, the Arrhenius law is proposed. Based on the variation in the vehicle failure rate in terms of the vehicle speed and temperature, the reliability of the electric vehicle at different conditions is determined. It is concluded from numerical results performed in the paper that the failure rate of the understudied full-electric vehicle varies between 3.5 and 6 failures per year when the temperature varies between 0 and 50°C and the vehicle speed varies between 0 and 200 km/h.
[18F]-(2S,4R)4-Fluoroglutamine PET Imaging of Glutamine Metabolism in Murine Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Seo Youngho , Craig Miranda C. , Murphy Stephanie T. , Feng Jinjin , Chen Xin , Yuneva Mariia
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Quantitative in vivo [18F]-(2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine ([18F]4-FGln or more simply [18F]FGln) metabolic kinetic parameters are compared with activity levels of glutamine metabolism in different types of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. For this study, we used two transgenic mouse models of HCC induced by protooncogenes, MYC, and MET. Biochemical data have shown that tumors induced by MYC have increased levels of glutamine metabolism compared to those induced by MET. One-hour dynamic [18F]FGln PET data were acquired and reconstructed for fasted MYC mice ([Formula: see text] tumors from 7 animals), fasted MET mice ([Formula: see text] tumors from 6 animals), fasted FVBN controls ([Formula: see text] normal liver regions from 6 animals), nonfasted MYC mice ([Formula: see text] tumors from 6 animals), and nonfasted FVBN controls ([Formula: see text] normal liver regions from 3 animals). The influx rate constants ([Formula: see text]) using the one-tissue compartment model were derived for each tumor with the left ventricular blood pool input function. Results. Influx rate constants were significantly higher for MYC tumors ([Formula: see text]) than for MET tumors ([Formula: see text]) under fasting conditions ([Formula: see text]). Rate constants were also significantly lower for MET tumors ([Formula: see text]) than normal livers ([Formula: see text]) under fasting conditions ([Formula: see text]). Fasting conditions tested for MYC tumors and normal livers did not result in any significant difference with [Formula: see text] values > 0.005. Conclusion. Higher influx rate constants corresponded to elevated levels of glutamine metabolism as determined by biochemical assays. The data showed that there is a distinctive difference in glutamine metabolism between MYC and MET tumors. Our study has demonstrated the potential of [18F]FGln PET imaging as a tool to assess glutamine metabolism in HCC tumors in vivo with a caution that it may not be able to clearly distinguish HCC tumors from normal liver tissue.