bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fasting or the short‐term consumption of a ketogenic diet protects against antipsychotic‐induced hyperglycaemia in mice
Authors: Shamshoum Hesham , Medak Kyle D. , McKie Greg L. , Hahn Margaret K. , Wright David C.
Published: May 2022

Antipsychotic (AP) medications, such as olanzapine (OLZ), are used in the treatment of schizophrenia and a growing number of ‘off‐label’ conditions. A single dose of OLZ causes robust increases in blood glucose within minutes of treatment. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether interventions that increase circulating ketone bodies (fasting, β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB), ketone esters or a ketogenic diet (KD)) would be sufficient to protect against the acute metabolic side effects of OLZ. We demonstrate that fasting or the short‐term consumption of a KD protects against OLZ‐induced hyperglycaemia, independent of alterations in whole‐body insulin action, and in parallel with a blunted rise in serum glucagon. Interestingly, the effects of fasting and KDs were not recapitulated by acutely increasing circulating concentrations of ketone bodies through treatment with βHB or oral ketone esters, approaches which increase ketone bodies to physiological or supra‐physiological levels, respectively. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fasting and the short‐term consumption of a KD can protect against acute AP‐induced perturbations in glucose homeostasis, whereas manipulations which acutely increase circulating ketone bodies do not elicit the same beneficial effects.

Key points

Antipsychotic medications cause rapid and robust increases in blood glucose.

Co‐treatment approaches to offset these harmful metabolic side effects have not been identified.

We demonstrate that fasting or the consumption of a short‐term ketogenic diet, but not treatment with β‐hydroxybutyrate or oral ketone esters, protects against acute antipsychotic‐induced hyperglycaemia.

The protective effects of fasting and ketogenic diets were paralleled by reductions in serum glucagon, but not improvements in whole‐body insulin action.
Voto de los jóvenes universitarios bogotanos, la fuerza del ejemplo en pos de la transformación de los resultados del plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016 en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Giraldo Juan Carlos , Cárdenas Ruiz Juan David , Gaitán Torres María Fernanda , Gamboa Martínez Juana Manuela , Solano Alarcón Yaleni
Published: May 2022

La fuerza del ejemplo, aquello que tiene la capacidad de fusionar lo que es y lo que debería ser en aquello que es lo que debería ser (Ferrara, 2008), es la idea que sintetiza los principales hallazgos de la investigación que realizó el Observatorio de Medios de la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de La Sabana sobre el voto de los jóvenes universitarios de Bogotá en el plebiscito del 2 de octubre de 2016. Contrario a lo que se especulaba y en contraposición a la población adulta que se abstuvo de participar, los estudiantes votaron y respaldaron los acuerdos que firmó el Gobierno con los guerrilleros de las FARC; y cuando el Sí fue derrotado se movilizaron para dar ejemplo con la acción y reclamar la transformación de los resultados adversos en una nueva oportunidad para la paz.
Dibujando para impulsar el desarrollo: una historieta para compartir los aprendizajes del proyecto InnovAcción Cauca
Authors: Mosquera Echeverry Diana Marcela
Published: May 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación centrada en establecer si el uso de una historieta facilita la apropiación de los aprendizajes de un proyecto orientado al fortalecimiento de un Sistema Regional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. La mayoría de los procesos de sistematización de experiencias concluyen con la divulgación del informe final, pero pocos buscan otras formas de compartir el conocimiento, y mucho menos miden la efectividad de las estrategias implementadas. Se realizó una investigación cuasiexperimental, usando una encuesta y un grupo focal, con tres hipótesis asociadas al formato de la historieta y su grado de dificultad, la transferencia de conocimiento, y los diálogos de saberes. Se encontró que la historieta fue un medio de comunicación adecuado para atraer la atención de un público altamente especializado, el cual fue capaz de beneficiarse del conocimiento compartido; sin embargo, no logró generar diálogos en torno al conocimiento que abordaba.
Precisiones para el estudio de lo público a partir del significado de público y la publicidad de las cosas
Authors: Gómez Calcetero Andrés Camilo
Published: May 2022

Para entender a qué se hace referencia cuando se habla de lo público, resulta fundamental estudiar dos temas: el significado de público y la publicidad de las cosas. A partir del análisis diferenciado y articulado de ambos, este texto pretende reflexionar sobre la construcción de esta categoría transversal de las ciencias sociales. Para ello, en la primera parte, se ofrecerán algunas consideraciones sobre la definición de este calificativo, y en la segunda, se harán algunas precisiones metodológicas para indagar sobre la publicidad de algo. Mientras que en la polisemia de este adjetivo radica la principal dificultad para abordar el primero de ellos, las múltiples atribuciones que los sujetos y las relaciones le pueden conferir simultáneamente a una misma cosa complican cualquier investigación sobre el segundo.
Redes de información verificada. Una aproximación al derecho a la ciudad
Authors: Zaragoza Ramírez Mario Alberto
Published: May 2022

El 19 de septiembre de 2017, la Ciudad de México vivió uno de los sucesos más trágicos de los años recientes: un sismo de magnitud 7,1 sacudió la capital del país dejando cuantiosos daños personales y materiales, así como una red de solidaridad que se extendió por todas las zonas afectadas. La horizontalidad que proveen los medios digitales y el llamado de una parte de la sociedad a verificar la información en tiempos de la contingencia, propiciaron que el hashtag #Verificado19S diera un paso adelante para constituirse como una necesidad por leer información verificada que permitieran asistir y publicitar a través de los perfiles electrónicos de algunos usuarios, los lugares afectados que requerían de ayuda y qué materiales eran solicitados. Este entramado es el detonante para plantear que la información verificada es el primer paso para consolidar una esfera pública que transforme las redes de interacción en solidaridad y colaboración para transformar nuestra cotidianidad más allá de la emergencia, y por qué no pensarlo también como una ruta hacia la apropiación significativa del espacio y el derecho a la ciudad.
Sara Gómez: dramaturgia de la alteridad en el cine documental cubano de 1960
Authors: Rencurrell Díaz Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Los años sesenta fueron escenario del más trascendente cine documental que se ha producido en Cuba. En una cinematografía dirigida por hombres, resalta el nombre de una única directora, Sara Gómez, cuya sensibilidad le permitió representar desde un singular empleo del lenguaje fílmico la alteridad social de su época. La intención del presente texto es comprender las estrategias dramatúrgicas empleadas por esta autora para aproximarse al sujeto subalterno en la Cuba posterior al triunfo de 1959. Centrado en el estudio de los documentales Guanabacoa, crónica de mi familia (1966) yEn la otra isla (1968), el análisis se vale de la revisión de propuestas teóricas sobre alteridad en y dramaturgia del documental.
A Nested Weighted Tchebycheff Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Approach for Flexibility of Unknown Utopia Estimation in Expensive Black-Box Design Problems
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Fuentes Claudio , Hoyle Christopher
Published: May 2022

We propose a nested weighted Tchebycheff Multi-objective Bayesian optimization (WTB MOBO) framework where we built a regression model selection procedure from the ensemble of models, toward better estimation of the uncertain parameters (utopia) of the weighted Tchebycheff expensive black-box multi-objective function. In our previous work, a weighted Tchebycheff MOBO approach has been demonstrated which attempts to estimate the model parameters (utopia) in formulating the acquisition function of the weighted Tchebycheff multi-objective black-box functions, through calibration using an a priori selected regression model. However, the existing MOBO model lacks flexibility in selecting the appropriate regression models given the guided sampled data and, therefore, can under-fit or over-fit as the iterations of the MOBO progress. This ultimately can reduce the overall MOBO performance. As, in general, it is too complex to a priori guarantee a best model, this motivates us to consider a portfolio of different families (simple-to-complex) of predictive models that have been fitted with current training data guided by the WTB MOBO, and the best model is selected following a user-defined prediction root-mean-square error-based approach. The proposed approach is implemented in optimizing a thin tube design under constant loading of temperature and pressure, minimizing the risk of creep-fatigue failure and design cost. Finally, the nested WTB MOBO model performance is compared with different MOBO frameworks with respect to accuracy in parameter estimation, Pareto-optimal solutions, and function evaluation cost. This approach is generalized enough to consider different families of predictive models in the portfolio for best model selection, where the overall design architecture allows for solving any high-dimensional (multiple functions) complex black-box problems and can be extended to any other global criterion multi-objective optimization methods where prior knowledge of utopia is required.
A Data-Driven Wheel Wear Prediction Model for Rail Train Based on LM-OMP-NARXNN
Authors: Deng Yinqiang , Liu Long , Li Mingyang , Jiang Man , Peng Bo , Yang Yue
Published: May 2022

The wheel wear situation on the railway vehicles will affect the train running stability and riding comfort. Thus, the prediction model of wheel tread wear is critical for anticipating the wheelset state information and formulating the reprofiling strategy. However, for the wheel wear analysis, the physical simulation models based on vehicle track system dynamics are time consuming and do not have universal adaptability. Moreover, it underutilized the large amount of raw data accumulated by the wheelset detection system in the long-term service of the vehicle. This article presents a data-driven method for precisely predicting wheel wear in future. This method includes nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs neural networks (NARXNNs), Levenberg Marquardt (LM), and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, i.e., LM-OMP-NARXNN, and LM-OMP is used to ascertain the network weight and nodes of the prediction model structure. Datasets of the case study are derived from a motor station for three consecutive years. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method leads to a more compact model with the reduced size. Besides, it has higher accuracy in the prediction of wheelset tread wear status in the short term when compared with other prediction models and other training algorithms used in NARXNN.
Acoustic levitation of multi-wavelength spherical bodies using transducer arrays of non-specialized geometries
Authors: Andersson Carl
Published: May 2022

Recently, acoustic levitation of a wavelength-sized spherical object using a general-purpose ultrasonic transducer array was demonstrated. In this article, the possibility of extending the capabilities of such arrays to levitate multi-wavelength-sized objects is explored. The driving signals for the elements in the array are determined via numerical optimization of a physics-based cost function that includes components for trap stabilization. The cost function is balanced with an improved approach, mimicking dynamical de-weighting of the included components to avoid over-optimization of each individual component. Sound fields are designed and analyzed for levitation of objects with diameters up to 50 mm for various general-purpose simulated array configurations. For a 16 × 16 element transducer array, simulations predict levitation of spheres with diameters up to 20 mm (2.3 wavelengths), which is verified experimentally.
A Qualitative Analysis of Playing Through Pain and Injury: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand the Communicated Sport Ethic Among Former Youth Athletes
Authors: Capra Johnny , LaBelle Sara
Published: May 2022

Each year, thousands of athletes suffer from sport-related pain and injury, with many of these individuals reporting playing through this pain or injury. In order to garner a better understanding as to how youth athletes view these behaviors, as well as the communicative factors that may play a part in the formation of these beliefs, college student participants responded to an online open-ended questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Participants’ (N = 64) retrospective responses were analyzed according to thematic analysis, and results revealed several distinct themes related to their held behavioral, normative, and control beliefs. This research furthers the study of playing through pain and injury in youth athletes, helping to shine a light on some of the motivating forces behind these beliefs and behaviors, as well as indicating several potential paths for the future of this research.
Turkish Translation, Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Exercise-Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire
Authors: Özden Fatih , Özkeskin Mehmet , Bakırhan Serkan , Mutlu Tonguç Osman
Published: May 2022

Context: Exercise-induced leg pain (EILP) is a chronic condition that generally arises in elite and recreational athletes’ lower quarter of the legs. Objectives: The study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the EILP questionnaire into Turkish (T-EILP) and evaluate its reliability and validity. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Established guidelines were preferred for translation and adaptation. T-EILP was filled twice with a 1-week interval. In the first assessment, patients were also evaluated with Short Form-36 and Visual Analog Scale, both for preexercise and postexercise. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the T-EILP were measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach α coefficient, respectively. The construct validity was demonstrated with the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Further, the minimum detectable change and standard error of measurement with 95% confidence were calculated. Results: A total of 121 participants (23.0 [3.59] y) were included in the study. The test–retest reliability was excellent and internal consistency was acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = .821, α = .808). T-EILP was highly correlated with the physical function subscore of the Short Form-36 (r = .509, P < .01). There was a moderate correlation between T-EILP with the bodily pain subscore of the Short Form-36 and Visual Analog Scale (postexercise; r1 = .436, r2 = −.355, P < .01). The standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change with 95% confidence were 3.54 and 9.81, respectively. Conclusion: T-EILP is a reliable and valid tool in Turkish-speaking participants. The minimum detectable change with 95% confidence of the T-EILP provides an essential reference for monitoring EILP.
Expansion microscopy with ninefold swelling (NIFS) hydrogel permits cellular ultrastructure imaging on conventional microscope
Authors: Li Hongxia , Warden Antony R. , He Jie , Shen Guangxia , Ding Xianting
Published: May 2022

Superresolution microscopy enables probing of cellular ultrastructures. However, its widespread applications are limited by the need for expensive machinery, specific hardware, and sophisticated data processing. Expansion microscopy (ExM) improves the resolution of conventional microscopy by physically expanding biological specimens before imaging and currently provides ~70-nm resolution, which still lags behind that of modern superresolution microscopy (~30 nm). Here, we demonstrate a ninefold swelling (NIFS) hydrogel, that can reduce ExM resolution to 31 nm when using regular traditional microscopy. We also design a detachable chip that integrates all the experimental operations to facilitate the maximal reproducibility of this high-resolution imaging technology. We demonstrate this technique on the superimaging of nuclear pore complex and clathrin-coated pits, whose structures can hardly be resolved by conventional microscopy. The method presented here offers a universal platform with superresolution imaging to unveil cellular ultrastructural details using standard conventional laboratory microscopes.
Synthetic biology and bioelectrochemical tools for electrogenetic system engineering
Authors: Lawrence Joshua M. , Yin Yutong , Bombelli Paolo , Scarampi Alberto , Storch Marko , Wey Laura T. , Climent-Catala Alicia ,   PixCell iGEM Team, Baldwin Geoff S. , O’Hare Danny , Howe Christopher J. , Zhang Jenny Z. , Ouldridge Thomas E. , Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

Synthetic biology research and its industrial applications rely on deterministic spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Recently, electrochemical control of gene expression has been demonstrated in electrogenetic systems (redox-responsive promoters used alongside redox inducers and electrodes), allowing for the direct integration of electronics with biological processes. However, the use of electrogenetic systems is limited by poor activity, tunability, and standardization. In this work, we developed a strong, unidirectional, redox-responsive promoter before deriving a mutant promoter library with a spectrum of strengths. We constructed genetic circuits with these parts and demonstrated their activation by multiple classes of redox molecules. Last, we demonstrated electrochemical activation of gene expression under aerobic conditions using a novel, modular bioelectrochemical device. These genetic and electrochemical tools facilitate the design and improve the performance of electrogenetic systems. Furthermore, the genetic design strategies used can be applied to other redox-responsive promoters to further expand the available tools for electrogenetics.
Future bioenergy expansion could alter carbon sequestration potential and exacerbate water stress in the United States
Authors: Cheng Yanyan , Huang Maoyi , Lawrence David M. , Calvin Katherine , Lombardozzi Danica L. , Sinha Eva , Pan Ming , He Xiaogang
Published: May 2022

The maximum future projected bioenergy expansion potential, in scenarios limiting warming to 2°C or below, is equivalent to half of present-day croplands. We quantify the impacts of large-scale bioenergy expansion against re/afforestation, which remain elusive, using an integrated human-natural system modeling framework with explicit representation of perennial bioenergy crops. The end-of-century net carbon sequestration due to bioenergy deployment coupled with carbon capture and storage largely depends on fossil fuel displacement types, ranging from 11.4 to 31.2 PgC over the conterminous United States. These net carbon sequestration benefits are inclusive of a 10 PgC carbon release due to land use conversions and a 2.4 PgC loss of additional carbon sink capacity associated with bioenergy-driven deforestation. Moreover, nearly one-fourth of U.S. land areas will suffer severe water stress by 2100 due to either reduced availability or deteriorated quality. These broader impacts of bioenergy expansion should be weighed against the costs and benefits of re/afforestation-based strategies.
Visualization of quantized vortex reconnection enabled by laser ablation
Authors: Minowa Yosuke , Aoyagi Shota , Inui Sosuke , Nakagawa Tomo , Asaka Gamu , Tsubota Makoto , Ashida Masaaki
Published: May 2022

Impurity injection into superfluid helium is a simple and appealing method with diverse applications, including high-precision spectroscopy, quantum computing with surface electrons, nano/micromaterial synthesis, and flow visualization. Quantized vortices play a major role in the interaction between superfluid helium and light impurities. However, the basic principle governing this interaction is still unclear for dense (high mass density and refractive index) materials, such as semiconductor and metal impurities. Here, we provide experimental evidence of the dense silicon nanoparticle attraction to the quantized vortex cores. We prepared the silicon nanoparticles via in situ laser ablation. Following laser ablation, we observed that the silicon nanoparticles formed curved filament–like structures, indicative of quantized vortex cores. We also observed that two accidentally intersecting quantized vortices exchanged their parts, a phenomenon called quantized vortex reconnection. This behavior closely matches the dynamical scaling of reconnections. Our results provide a previously unexplored method for visualizing and studying impurity-quantized vortex interactions.
α-Ketoglutaric acid ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetes by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis via serpina1e signaling
Authors: Yuan Yexian , Zhu Canjun , Wang Yongliang , Sun Jia , Feng Jinlong , Ma Zewei , Li Penglin , Peng Wentong , Yin Cong , Xu Guli , Xu Pingwen , Jiang Yuwei , Jiang Qingyan , Shu Gang
Published: May 2022

Previously, we found that α-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) stimulates muscle hypertrophy and fat loss through 2-oxoglutarate receptor 1 (OXGR1). Here, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of AKG on glucose homeostasis in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, which are independent of OXGR1. We also showed that AKG effectively decreased blood glucose and hepatic gluconeogenesis in DIO mice. By using transcriptomic and liver-specific
serpina1e
deletion mouse model, we further demonstrated that liver
serpina1e
is required for the inhibitory effects of AKG on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Mechanistically, we supported that extracellular AKG binds with a purinergic receptor, P2RX4, to initiate the solute carrier family 25 member 11 (SLC25A11)–dependent nucleus translocation of intracellular AKG and subsequently induces demethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27) in the
seprina1e
promoter region to decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis. Collectively, these findings reveal an unexpected mechanism for control of hepatic gluconeogenesis using circulating AKG as a signal molecule.
Geological history and supercontinent cycles of the Arctic
Authors: Harrison Christopher , St-Onge Marc R.
Published: May 2022

The geological history of the Arctic is constrained within the framework of the assembly and breakup of three supercontinents. The first of these was preceded by the crystallization of the oldest dated rocks on Earth and consolidation of the Arctic region’s Archean cratons between 2.82 and 2.54 Ga. Following the emplacement of regional mafic dike swarms between 2.51 and 2.03 Ga, the cratons were amalgamated into the Nuna (Columbia) supercontinent between 2.0 and 1.6 Ga, and the distribution of low-thermalgradient eclogite (indicative of continental subduction) and ophiolite (indicative of obduction of oceanic crust onto a continental margin) suggests that diagnostic plate-tectonic processes were well in place by the early Paleoproterozoic. Basin formation, flood basalts, and dike swarms are features of the partial(?) breakup of Nuna (Columbia) by 1.5–1.27 Ga. The extent to which specific dike swarms led to continental breakup and a rift-to-drift transition remains unclear. Assembly of the second supercontinent (Rodinia, 1.4–0.9 Ga) is recorded by a network of Grenvillian and Sveconorwegian collisional orogenic belts. Prominent features of Rodinia breakup (780–615 Ma) in the Arctic are extensive dike swarms and regional-scale glacial-periglacial deposits associated with the Sturtian (717–661 Ma) and Marinoan (ca. 645 ± 6 to ca. 635 Ma) snowball Earth glaciations. Assembly of the third supercontinent, Pangea, between 600 Ma and ca. 250 Ma, was accomplished through stitching of four orogens in the Arctic (Timan-Varanger, Caledonian, Ellesmerian, and Urals-Taymyr). Pangea breakup (rifting since 250 Ma and oceanic spreading since the Cretaceous) led to the emplacement of Cretaceous and Paleogene flood basalts, new oceanic crust in the Labrador Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Arctic Ocean, and orogens characterized by relatively small but far-traveled accreted terranes with provenance in Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia. Paleogeographic similarities and geological correlations among Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia, and the North China craton suggest that Rodinia formed following incomplete breakup of Nuna (Columbia) and/or by introversion, whereas unique paleogeographic traits for Pangea within the Arctic region point to supercontinent formation by extroversion.
Prevalence of alcohol and other drug use in patients presenting to hospital for fall-related injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Lau Georgina , Ang Jia Ying , Kim Nayoung , Gabbe Belinda J , Mitra Biswadev , Dietze Paul M , Reeder Sandra , Beck Ben
Published: May 2022

Background

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use is a key preventable risk factor for serious injuries. Prevention strategies to date have largely focused on transport injuries, despite AOD use being a significant risk factor for other injury causes, including falls. This systematic review aimed to report the prevalence of AOD use in patients presenting to hospital for fall-related injuries.

Methods

This systematic review includes studies published in English after the year 2010 that objectively measured the prevalence of AOD use in patients presenting to hospital for a fall-related injury. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were completed by two independent reviewers. Data were presented using narrative synthesis and, where appropriate, meta-analyses.

Results

A total of 12 707 records were screened. Full texts were retrieved for 2042 records, of which 29 were included. Four studies reported the combined prevalence of any alcohol and/or drug use, generating a pooled prevalence estimate of 37% (95% CI 25% to 49%). Twenty-two records reported on the prevalence of acute alcohol use alone and nine reported specifically on the prevalence of drugs other than alcohol, with prevalence ranging from 2% to 57% and 7% to 46%, respectively. The variation in prevalence estimates likely resulted from differences in toxicology testing methods across studies.

Conclusions

AOD exposure was common in hospitalised fall-related injuries. However, research addressing prevalence across different types of falls and the use of drugs other than alcohol was limited. Future research should address these areas to improve our understanding of which populations should be targeted in AOD and injury prevention strategies .

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020188746.
Antithrombotic therapy in the postacute phase of cervical artery dissection: the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Pezzini Debora , Grassi Mario , Zedde Maria Luisa , Zini Andrea , Bersano Anna , Gandolfo Carlo , Silvestrelli Giorgio , Baracchini Claudio , Cerrato Paolo , Lodigiani Corrado , Marcheselli Simona , Paciaroni Maurizio , Rasura Maurizia , Cappellari Manuel , Del Sette Massimo , Cavallini Anna , Morotti Andrea , Micieli Giuseppe , Lotti Enrico Maria , Delodovici Maria Luisa , Gentile Mauro , Magoni Mauro , Azzini Cristiano , Calloni Maria Vittoria , Giorli Elisa , Braga Massimiliano , La Spina Paolo , Melis Fabio , Tassi Rossana , Terruso Valeria , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Piras Valeria , Giossi Alessia , Locatelli Martina , Mazzoleni Valentina , Sanguigni Sandro , Zanferrari Carla , Mannino Marina , Colombo Irene , Dallocchio Carlo , Nencini Patrizia , Bignamini Valeria , Adami Alessandro , Costa Paolo , Bella Rita , Pascarella Rosario , Padovan Alessandro , Pezzini Alessandro
Published: May 2022

Objective

To explore the impact of antithrombotic therapy discontinuation in the postacute phase of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) on the mid-term outcome of these patients.

Methods

In a cohort of consecutive patients with first-ever CeAD, enrolled in the setting of the multicentre Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection, we compared postacute (beyond 6 months since the index CeAD) outcomes between patients who discontinued antithrombotic therapy and patients who continued taking antithrombotic agents during follow-up. Primary outcome was a composite of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Secondary outcomes were (1) Brain ischaemia ipsilateral to the dissected vessel and (2) Recurrent CeAD. Associations with the outcome of interest were assessed by the propensity score (PS) method.

Results

Of the 1390 patients whose data were available for the outcome analysis (median follow-up time in patients who did not experience outcome events, 36.0 months (25th–75th percentile, 62.0)), 201 (14.4%) discontinued antithrombotic treatment. Primary outcome occurred in 48 patients in the postacute phase of CeAD. In PS-matched samples (201 vs 201), the incidence of primary outcomes among patients taking antithrombotics was comparable with that among patients who discontinued antithrombotics during follow-up (5.0% vs 4.5%; p(log rank test)=0.526), and so was the incidence of the secondary outcomes ipsilateral brain ischaemia (4.5% vs 2.5%; p(log rank test)=0.132) and recurrent CeAD (1.0% vs 1.5%; p(log rank test)=0.798).

Conclusions

Discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy in the postacute phase of CeAD does not appear to increase the risk of brain ischaemia during follow-up.
Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for treatment of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms during pregnancy and postpartum period
Authors: Garg Aayushi , Elmashala Amjad , Roeder Hannah , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago
Published: May 2022

Background

Selection of appropriate surgical strategy for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IA) during pregnancy requires careful consideration of the potential risks to the mother and fetus. However, limited data guide treatment decisions in these patients. We compared the safety profiles of endovascular coiling (EC) and neurosurgical clipping (NC) performed for the treatment of ruptured and unruptured IA during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Methods

Pregnancy-related or postpartum hospitalizations undergoing surgical intervention for IA were identified from the Nationwide Readmissions Database 2016–2018. Safety outcomes included periprocedural complications, in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, and 30-day non-elective readmissions.

Results

There were 348 pregnancy-related or postpartum hospitalizations that met the study inclusion criteria (mean±SD age 31.8±5.9 years). Among 168 patients treated for ruptured aneurysms, 115 (68.5%) underwent EC and 53 (31.5%) underwent NC; whereas among 180 patients treated for unruptured aneurysms, 140 (77.8%) underwent EC and 40 (22.2%) underwent NC. There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between patients undergoing EC versus NC for either ruptured or unruptured aneurysm groups. The outcomes were statistically comparable between EC and NC for both ruptured and unruptured IA, except for a lower incidence of ischemic stroke in patients undergoing EC for ruptured aneurysms (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.84).

Conclusions

Most pregnant and postpartum patients are treated with EC for both ruptured and unruptured IA. For treatment of ruptured IA, EC is independently associated with a lower risk of perioperative ischemic stroke, but other in-hospital complications and mortality are comparable between EC and NC.
First record of blueberry maggot in Lac Saint-Jean, Quebec
Authors: Vincent Charles , Martel Pierre-Olivier , Gagnon Judith , Morin Olivier
Published: May 2022

Up to 2017, the Lac Saint-Jean region (Quebec, Canada) produced lowbush blueberries ( Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) without insecticide treatments. In 2018, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency detected adults of the blueberry maggot ( Rhagoletis mendax Tephritidae) in the Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Maria-Chapdelaine. Monitoring programs of adults and larvae conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021 confirmed the establishment of R. mendax in the RCM of Maria-Chapdelaine, as well as in the RCM Domaine-du-Roy. In compliance with Directive D-02-04 of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, blueberry growers of infested areas of Lac Saint-Jean that ship blueberries to noninfested areas must implement an integrated pest management program or a calendar spray program.
PUMA, antiProton unstable matter annihilation
Authors: Aumann T. , Bartmann W. , Boine-Frankenheim O. , Bouvard A. , Broche A. , Butin F. , Calvet D. , Carbonell J. , Chiggiato P. , De Gersem H. , De Oliveira R. , Dobers T. , Ehm F. , Somoza J. Ferreira , Fischer J. , Fraser M. , Friedrich E. , Frotscher A. , Gomez-Ramos M. , Grenard J.-L. , Hobl A. , Hupin G. , Husson A. , Indelicato P. , Johnston K. , Klink C. , Kubota Y. , Lazauskas R. , Malbrunot-Ettenauer S. , Marsic N. , O Müller W. F. , Naimi S. , Nakatsuka N. , Necca R. , Neidherr D. , Neyens G. , Obertelli A. , Ono Y. , Pasinelli S. , Paul N. , Pollacco E. C. , Rossi D. , Scheit H. , Schlaich M. , Schmidt A. , Schweikhard L. , Seki R. , Sels S. , Siesling E. , Uesaka T. , Vilén M. , Wada M. , Wienholtz F. , Wycech S. , Zacarias S.
Published: May 2022

PUMA, antiProton Unstable Matter Annihilation, is a nuclear-physics experiment at CERN aiming at probing the surface properties of stable and rare isotopes by use of low-energy antiprotons. Low-energy antiprotons offer a very unique sensitivity to the neutron and proton densities at the annihilation site, i.e. in the tail of the nuclear density. Today, no facility provides a collider of low-energy radioactive ions and low-energy antiprotons: while not being a collider experiment, PUMA aims at transporting one billion antiprotons from ELENA, the Extra-Low-ENergy Antiproton ring, to ISOLDE, the rare-isotope beam facility of CERN. PUMA will enable the capture of low-energy antiprotons by short-lived nuclei and the measurement of the emitted radiations. In this way, PUMA will give access to the so-far largely unexplored isospin composition of the nuclear-radial-density tail of radioactive nuclei. The motivations, concept and current status of the PUMA experiment are presented.
Bose–Einstein Condensate dark matter models in the presence of baryonic matter and random confining potentials
Authors: Harko Tiberiu , Madarassy Eniko J.
Published: May 2022

We consider the effects of an uncorrelated random potential on the properties of Bose–Einstein Condensate (BEC) dark matter halos, which acts as a source of disorder, and which is added as a new term in the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, describing the properties of the halo. By using the hydrodynamic representation we derive the basic equation describing the density distribution of the galactic dark matter halo, by also taking into account the effects of the baryonic matter, and of the rotation. The density, mass and tangential velocity profiles are obtained exactly in spherical symmetry by considering a simple exponential density profile for the baryonic matter, and a Gaussian type disorder potential. To test the theoretical model we compare its predictions with a set of 39 galaxies from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) database. We obtain estimates of the relevant astrophysical parameters of the dark matter dominated galaxies, including the baryonic matter properties, and the parameters of the random potential. The BEC model in the presence of baryonic matter and a random confining potential gives a good statistical description of the SPARC data. The presence of the condensate dark matter could also provide a solution for the core/cusp problem.
New AI Techniques for Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Lallouet Arnaud
Published: May 2022

Combinatorial Optimization lies at the heart of many Artificial Intelligence tasks. While existing techniques are still improved year after year, we advocate that recent sub-symbolic approaches may change the game if they can be successfully integrated into combinatorial solvers. In this paper, we present a state of the art of current approaches and discuss the role of new learning techniques to improve the current results.
Visualization in Deep Neural Network Training
Authors: Kollias Stefanos
Published: May 2022

Visualizing the decision making procedure of a deep neural network is one of the main challenges towards transparent and trustworthy artificial intelligence. This paper presents an approach which extracts latent variables from a trained network and, through clustering, constructs a set of anchors that represent the network’s data driven knowledge. This set is then used to inform users about the features that create network’s decision.
Theoretical study of ground state properties of odd-A Cu isotopes in an analytical approach
Authors: Malekinezhad Nasrin , Shojaei Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2022

Copper isotopes have been studied within various theoretical approaches, including the Shell model. Here, we describe their static properties using a new analytical approach. In the proposed model, we consider odd-A Cu isotopes as closed-shell nuclei plus one proton outside the [Formula: see text] shell gap. We calculate their static properties such as ground state energies, electric quadrupole moments and charge radii. The obtained results show good agreement with the experimental data, thus suggesting that our approach can be applicable to similar isotopic chains.
COVID-19 INFLUENCE OVER BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND DOLLAR–REAL EXCHANGE
Authors: NASCIMENTO KEROLLY KEDMA FELIX DO , SANTOS FÁBIO SANDRO DOS , NASCIMENTO KELLYMA KELLYASHIN FELIX DO , NASCIMENTO KENIKYWAYNNE KEROWAYNNE FELIX DO , JÚNIOR SILVIO FERNANDO ALVES XAVIER , JALE JADER SILVA , FERREIRA TIAGO A. E.
Published: May 2022

This study evaluates the Brazilian agricultural commodities market and the dollar–real exchange price variation using the multifractal detrended fluctuations analysis methodology. We investigated the period from January 1, 2019 to September 25, 2019, outside the COVID-19 pandemic, and from January 1, 2020 to September 25, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We verified the fluctuations of commodities and dollar–real exchange prices during the pandemic caused by COVID-19 showed a record price. The results of Hurst exponent and multifractal parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, sugar was the most efficient commodity, while pork the less one. Compared to the identical months in 2019, the dollar–real exchange was the most efficient market, while ethanol was the least efficient.
Uncertain Quasi-static and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Viscoelastic Dielectric Elastomer with Interval Parameters
Authors: Niu Zheng , Li Yunlong
Published: May 2022

Dielectric elastomers as a soft active material have been widely used in the field of artificial muscle actuator, acoustic actuator, loudspeaker, active control of vibration, soft robots and membrane resonators. Compared with traditional materials, there are many unknown uncertainties in the properties of the DE actuators. In this work, a viscoelastic dynamic model of dielectric elastomer is proposed with considering the uncertainties in material parameters, external mechanical load and voltage. By introducing the interval perturbation method and first-order Taylor series expansion method, the creep analysis, relaxation analysis and dynamic analysis of the dielectric elastomer with interval uncertain parameters are implemented. The effectivity of the proposed interval method is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. This uncertain prediction method could be used in the design of active control systems with dielectric elastomers as actuators or sensors in the future.
InkFiltration: Using Inkjet Printers for Acoustic Data Exfiltration from Air-Gapped Networks
Authors: de Gortari Briseno Julian , Singh Akash Deep , Srivastava Mani
Published: May 2022

Printers have become ubiquitous in modern office spaces, and their placement in these spaces been guided more by accessibility than security. Due to the proximity of printers to places with potentially high-stakes information, the possible misuse of these devices is concerning. We present a previously unexplored covert channel that effectively uses the sound generated by printers with inkjet technology to exfiltrate arbitrary sensitive data (unrelated to the apparent content of the document being printed) from an air-gapped network. We also discuss a series of defense techniques that can make these devices invulnerable to covert manipulation.

The proposed covert channel works by malware installed on a computer with access to a printer, injecting certain imperceptible patterns into all documents that applications on the computer send to the printer. These patterns can control the printing process without visibly altering the original content of a document, and generate acoustic signals that a nearby acoustic recording device, such as a smartphone, can capture and decode. To prove and analyze the capabilities of this new covert channel, we carried out tests considering different types of document layouts and distances between the printer and recording device. We achieved a bit error ratio less than 5% and an average bit rate of approximately 0.5 bps across all tested printers at distances up to 4 m, which is sufficient to extract tiny bits of information.
EasyVRModeling
Authors: Fu Zhiying , Xu Rui , Xin Shiqing , Chen Shuangmin , Tu Changhe , Yang Chenglei , Lu Lin
Published: May 2022

The latest innovations of VR make it possible to construct 3D models in a holographic immersive simulation environment. In this paper, we develop a user-friendly mid-air interactive modeling system named EasyVRModeling. We first prepare a dataset consisting of diverse components and precompute the discrete signed distance function (SDF) for each component. During the modeling phase, users can freely design complicated shapes with a pair of VR controllers. Based on the discrete SDF representation, any CSG-like operation (union, intersect, subtract) can be performed voxel-wise. Throughout the modeling process, we maintain one single dynamic SDF for the whole scene so that the zero-level set surface of the SDF exactly encodes the up-to-date constructed shape. Both SDF fusion and surface extraction are implemented via GPU to allow for smooth user experience. We asked 34 volunteers to create their favorite models using EasyVRModeling. With a simple training process for several minutes, most of them can create a fascinating shape or even a descriptive scene very quickly.
Stereo-consistent screen-space ambient occlusion
Authors: Shi Peiteng , Billeter Markus , Eisemann Elmar
Published: May 2022

Screen-space ambient occlusion (SSAO) shows high efficiency and is widely used in real-time 3D applications. However, using SSAO algorithms in stereo rendering can lead to inconsistencies due to the differences in the screen-space information captured by the left and right eye. This will affect the perception of the scene and may be a source of viewer discomfort. In this paper, we show that the raw obscurance estimation part and subsequent filtering are both sources of inconsistencies. We developed a screen-space method involving both views in conjunction, leading to a stereo-aware raw obscurance estimation method and a stereo-aware bilateral filter. The results show that our method reduces stereo inconsistencies to a level comparable to geometry-based AO solutions, while maintaining the performance benefits of a screen-space approach.
Real-Time Style Modelling of Human Locomotion via Feature-Wise Transformations and Local Motion Phases
Authors: Mason Ian , Starke Sebastian , Komura Taku
Published: May 2022

Controlling the manner in which a character moves in a real-time animation system is a challenging task with useful applications. Existing style transfer systems require access to a reference content motion clip, however, in real-time systems the future motion content is unknown and liable to change with user input. In this work we present a style modelling system that uses an animation synthesis network to model motion content based on local motion phases. An additional style modulation network uses feature-wise transformations to modulate style in real-time. To evaluate our method, we create and release a new style modelling dataset, 100STYLE, containing over 4 million frames of stylised locomotion data in 100 different styles that present a number of challenges for existing systems. To model these styles, we extend the local phase calculation with a contact-free formulation. In comparison to other methods for real-time style modelling, we show our system is more robust and efficient in its style representation while improving motion quality.
Real-Time Relighting of Human Faces with a Low-Cost Setup
Authors: Maček Nejc , Usta Baran , Eisemann Elmar , Marroquim Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Video-streaming services usually feature post-processing effects to replace the background. However, these often yield inconsistent lighting. Machine-learning-based relighting methods can address this problem, but, at real-time rates, are restricted to a low resolution and can result in an unrealistic skin appearance. Physically-based rendering techniques require complex skin models that can only be acquired using specialised equipment. Our method is lightweight and uses only a standard smartphone. By correcting imperfections during capture, we extract a convincing physically-based skin model. In combination with suitable acceleration techniques, we achieve real-time rates on commodity hardware.
A Study on the Construction of the Evaluation System of the Teaching Ability of Students using Pattern Recognition for Studying Majoring in Badminton in the Mixed Learning Model of Physical Education Majors and Self-Learning System
Authors: Jiang Guolei
Published: May 2022

With my country's ongoing education reform and the continuous development of information technology-enabled education methods, the teaching environment and conditions of various universities have greatly improved, and information technology is changing the learning methods of college students at an alarming speed. This is the advantage of the blended learning model. In badminton as a specialization of physical education, strengthening the professional ability training of college badminton students is an important reform in the direction of achieving for the current talent training goal of our country. In the present teaching environment, the traditional classroom teaching mode and online learning mode coexist and each has their own advantages. Based on the investigation and analysis of the current situation of badminton students' teaching ability, this article proposes methods such as the literature method, expert interview method, questionnaire survey method, derivative Delphi method, and so on, and designs and constructs a future-oriented badminton student teaching ability evaluation system. An in-depth study of the blended learning model has provided a certain theoretical and practical basis. The experimental results of this article show that by selecting two periods of indicators and calculating the weights, it can be seen that in the large-scale badminton teaching ability evaluation system, the badminton teaching organization and management ability (26%), and badminton skills and tactics are satisfactory, and the execution ability is also satisfactory (35%), which is relatively large, and the sum of the two exceeds 60%. The blended learning model exploits the advantages of traditional teaching, combined with online learning to promote the development of students' professional badminton practice ability.