bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Identification and Antioxidant Screening of Bufei Yishen Formula using an Offline DPPH Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Q-Extractive Orbitrap MS/MS
Authors: Wu Jinyan , Cai Bangrong , Zhang Ang , Zhao Peng , Du Yan , Liu Xuefang , Zhao Di , Yang Liu , Liu Xinguang , Li Jiansheng
Published: October 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has high morbidity and mortality and presents a threat to human health worldwide. Numerous clinical trials have confirmed that Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), an herbal medicine, can alleviate the symptoms of COPD by reducing oxidative stress-mediated inflammation. However, the active components of BYF remain unclear. We developed an efficient ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q-Extractive Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to identify the composition of BYF and determine its antioxidant profile through an offline screening strategy based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH)-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 189 compounds were identified in BYF extract, including 83 flavonoids, 24 lignans, 20 alkaloids, 15 saponins, 11 terpenoid, 10 saccharides, eight lipids, seven organic acids, two coumarins, two amino acids, and seven other compounds. Among them, 79 compounds were found to have a potential antioxidant activity. In vitro validation indicated that the free radical scavenging activities of rosmarinic acid and calycosin were similar to that of the positive control (DPPH IC50 = 25.72 ± 1.02 and 147.23 ± 25.12 μg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, calycosin had a high content in serum after the oral administration of BYF, indicating that calycosin might be the major antioxidant compound in BYF.
Machine Learning-Based Hearing Aid Fitting Personalization Using Clinical Fitting Data
Authors: Mondol S. I. M. M. Raton , Kim Hyun Ji , Kim Kyu Sung , Lee Sangmin
Published: October 2022

The initial software fitting prescribed by the fitting formula largely depends on the patient’s hearing loss, which may not be the optimal preference for a particular user. Certain criteria must also be readjusted by an audiologist to meet the user-specific requirements. Therefore, this study focuses on the novel application of a neural network (NN) technique to build a suitable fitting algorithm with prescribed hearing loss and the corresponding preferred gain to minimize the gap between optimized fittings. The algorithm intended to learn the hearing preferences of an individual user such that the initial fitting may be optimized. These findings demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm, with and without additional features. Using the clinical fitting data, the average mean square error (MSE) for the simple NN algorithm was 5.4183%. By adding additional features to the data, the algorithm performed better, and the average MSE was as low as 5.2530%. However, the algorithm outperformed Company A fitting software, as the MSE was the highest at 5.4748%. As the company’s automatic fitting has a noticeable discrepancy with clinical fitting records, the impeccable results from this study can lead to a better path towards fitting satisfaction, thus benefiting the hearing-impaired community to a larger extent.
Distinguish the Value of the Benign Nevus and Melanomas Using Machine Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Li Suli , Chu Yihang , Wang Ying , Wang Yantong , Hu Shipeng , Wu Xiangye , Qi Xinwei
Published: October 2022

Background. Melanomas, the most common human malignancy, are primarily diagnosed visually, beginning with an initial clinical screening and followed potentially by dermoscopic analysis, a biopsy, and histopathological examination. We aimed to systematically review the performance and quality of machine learning-based methods in distinguishing melanoma and benign nevus in the relevant literature. Method. Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library) were searched to retrieve the relevant studies published until March 26, 2022. The Predictive model Deviation Risk Assessment tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the deviation risk of opposing law. Result. This systematic review included thirty researches with 114007 subjects and 71 machine learning models. The convolutional neural network was the main machine learning method. The pooled sensitivity was 85% (95% CI 82–87%), the specificity was 86% (82–88%), and the

C

-index was 0.87 (0.84–0.90). Conclusion. The findings of our study showed that ML algorithms had high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing between melanoma and benign nevi. This suggests that state-of-the-art ML-based algorithms for distinguishing melanoma from benign nevi may be ready for clinical use. However, a large proportion of the earlier published studies had methodological flaws, such as lack of external validation and lack of clinician comparisons. The results of these studies should be interpreted with caution.
Effects of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) Signaling Pathway on Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Li Guoliang , Tao Liang , Wu Hui
Published: October 2022

Background. Epidemiological surveys show that a large number of cerebrovascular diseases occur in China every year, and among these cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic diseases are predominant. Ischemia leads to irreversible degenerative necrosis of a large number of brain neurons and severe neurological deficits. Aims. This study is aimed at exploring the mechanism of the major regulatory effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway on proangiogenesis and providing new ideas for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods. The rats were randomly divided into normal and ischemic control groups, and the ischemic control group was subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) cerebral ischemia model by the wire embolization method, and the rats were executed in batches at 6 h, 1 d, and 3 d after ischemia-reperfusion, and the brain tissue specimens were taken for examination to investigate the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-l) signaling pathway on acute ischemic stroke. Results. At 3 d, the number of VEGFR2 positive cells increased significantly, and there was a significant difference compared with the control group (

P
<
0.05

). At 3 d, the number of HIF-1α-positive cells increased significantly, and there was a significant difference compared with the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The number of Hes1+factor VIII positive cells in the ischemic cortex increased significantly on the 1st and 3rd day, and there was a significant difference compared with the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The expression of Hes1 protein was significantly lower than the normal level after 6 h of ischemia, and the protein expression was significantly increased at 1 d and 3 d after ischemia (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. By detecting the expression changes of Hesl+factor VII in the ischemic area, the results show that ischemia and hypoxia activate the HIF-1, making the HIF-l the main regulatory pathway in the process of angiogenesis after ischemia.
Effects of Sensitized Sorafenib with a Paeoniflorin and Geniposide Mixture on Liver Cancer via the NF-κB-HIF-2α-SerpinB3 Pathway
Authors: Li Jun-Fei , Zheng Xiao-Rong , Zhang Hong-Yan , Shen Chang-Ming , Shen Guo-xin , Jiang Jian-Wei
Published: October 2022

Purpose. This study focused on determining the anticancer effect of paeoniflorin and geniposide mixture (PFGS) combined with sorafenib (Sor) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, in particular, whether PFGS increases the antitumor effect of Sor by modulating the NF-κB/HIF-2α/SerpinB3 pathway. Methods. The H22 hepatoma tumor-bearing mouse model was treated with PFGS, Sor, and a combination of the two drugs for 12 days. The effects of PFGS combined with Sor on tumor growth and apoptosis and the expression of NF-κB, HIF-2α, and SerpinB3 in tumor tissue were assessed. In addition, Sor-resistant hepatoma cells were treated with PFGS, Sor, and the combination of the two drugs in vitro. The effects of PFGS combined with Sor on cell proliferation and invasion and the protein expression of NF-κB p65, HIF-2α, and SerpinB3 were investigated. Results. PFGS combined with Sor treatment synergistically inhibited tumor growth in HCC tumor-bearing mice. Immunostaining showed that PFGS combined with Sor treatment significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67 and obviously induced apoptosis in the tumor compared with a single treatment. Similarly, PFGS combined with Sor treatment significantly downregulated the expression of NF-κB, HIF-2α, and SerpinB3 in the tumor compared with a single treatment. Additionally, PFGS combined with Sor markedly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and activation of the NF-κB/HIF-2α/SerpinB3 pathway in Sor-resistant hepatoma cells compared with a single treatment. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that PFGS synergistically increased the antiliver cancer effects of Sor by lowering activation of the NF-κB/HIF-2α/SerpinB3 pathway. These findings provided a scientific foundation for clinical studies using PFGS and Sor to treat liver cancer.
The Mongolian Vowel Acoustic Model Based on the Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Wujisguleng
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem of vowel acoustic modeling in the Mongolian language and provide more scientific core technical support for speech recognition system, a vowel acoustic model based on the clustering algorithm and speech recognition technology was proposed. The language vowel recognition system and Mongolian speech recognition system are constructed, the Mongolian vowel acoustic database is mainly designed, and the number of vowel samples is constantly increased to ensure the acoustic and linguistic phenomena that may be encountered in the Mongolian vowel database. At the same time, classification modeling and context modeling are used to improve the accuracy of the acoustic model. Through experiments, it is found that the experimental results of sparse tritones show that the model has the highest recognition accuracy of 45% for sentences and 86% for words, which is more than 2% higher than before, providing some technical support for Mongolian learning and pronunciation.
Noncoding RNAs and Virus and Treatment in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Lei Zhu , Feng Guangrui , Wang Zhiguo , Ning Zhifeng
Published: October 2022

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type I hypersensitivity reaction disease caused by inhaled allergens and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is an important regulator involved in gene expression and can be detected in the cytoplasm or extracellular fluid, which mainly includes microRNAs (miRNA, length 22–24 nucleotides), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA, length >200 nucleotides), and circRNAs. LncRNA and miRNA both participate in the regulation of immune function. Some respiratory viral infections can aggravate allergic rhinitis, such as a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). However, the interaction between viral infection and allergy is complex and the mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we summarized the interactions of noncoding RNAs and viruses in the occurrence and development of AR, along with the treatments focusing on the noncoding RNAs in the past five years.
Analysis of Early Warning Diagnostic Indexes and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Arrhythmia
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhao Yan , Li Yawen
Published: October 2022

Objective. Arrhythmia patients complicated with psychological problems are very common in clinics. The imbalance of autonomic nervous regulation of the heart caused by anxiety and depression will further promote the occurrence and development of arrhythmia. For nonorganic heart disease, β receptor blockers combined with antianxiety drugs have a good effect. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with arrhythmias. Methods. We included 150 patients with arrhythmia and divided them into observation groups (80 patients with anxiety and depression) and control groups (70 patients without anxiety and depression). All patients were monitored by Holter, and the detection of arrhythmia was compared between the two groups. We took the general situation and quality of life of the investigated patients as independent variables and the anxiety and depression status of the patients as dependent variables. Results. The detection rates of atrioventricular premature beats, ventricular premature beats, atrial fibrillation, short bursts of atrial tachycardia, and atrioventricular block in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group by dynamic electrocardiogram. Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age, years of education, obsessive-compulsive score, somatization score and alcohol consumption were the main influencing factors for anxiety and depression. Conclusions. The detection rate of arrhythmia in patients with anxiety/depression status was higher than in those without abnormal psychophylaxis. We should need to pay close attention to the risk factors of age, education years, obsessive-compulsive score, somatization score, and alcohol consumption, so as to prevent and timely detect anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with arrhythmias.
A Lightweight Blockchain-based Public-Key Authenticated Encryption with Multi-Keyword Search for Cloud Computing
Authors: Du Haorui , Chen Jianhua , Lin Fei , Peng Cong , He Debiao
Published: October 2022

Cloud computing can provide users with sufficient computing resources, storage, and bandwidth to meet their needs. Data security and privacy protection are among the new threats faced by users. Searchable encryption is the combination of search technology and encryption technology. Searchable encryption can upload the user’s data to the cloud server after special encryption, and can realize the function of retrieving according to keywords. Comparatively to symmetric searchable encryption (SSE), public key searchable encryption (PEKS) simplifies key management greatly. However, most existing public key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) schemes are based bilinear pairing, making them computationally expensive. Apart from this, complex retrieval requirements and the integrity of the results had not been considered. To address these problems, we propose a blockchain-based PAEKS schemes supporting multi-keyword queries and integrity verification. In addition, we provide security proofs for the PAEKS scheme under the decisional oracle Diffie-Hellman (DODH) assumption. This scheme a scheme that requires less storage and computational power than other schemes of the same kind.
A Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving Publish-Subscribe Model in IoT Multidomain Data Sharing
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Meng Liang , Zhao Qingyuan , Li Fei , Song Manrui , Dai Dongxu , Yang Xiujuan , Guan Song , Wang Yue , Tian Hongliang
Published: October 2022

With the dramatically increasing deployment of intelligent devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted more attention and developed rapidly. It effectively collects and shares data from the surrounding environment to achieve better IoT services. For data sharing, the publish-subscribe (PS) paradigm provides a loosely coupled and scalable communication model. However, due to the loosely coupled nature, it is vulnerable to many attacks, resulting in some security threats to the IoT system, but it cannot provide the basic security mechanisms such as authentication and confidentiality to ensure the data security. Thus, in order to protect the system security and users’ privacy, this paper presents a secure blockchain-based privacy-preserving access control scheme for the PS system, which adopt the fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to ensure the confidentiality of the publishing events and leverage the ledger to store the large volume of data events and access crossdomain information. Finally, we analyze the correctness and security of our scheme; moreover, we deploy our proposed prototype system on two computers and evaluate its performance. The experimental results show that our PS system can efficiently achieve the equilibrium between the system cost and the security requirement.
Mechanisms Underlying the Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Six Active Constituents of Huangqi Liuyi Decoction between Normal and Diabetic Nephropathy Mouse Models
Authors: Wang Qun , Wang Yonglin , Liu Wen , Lu Dingyan , Jin Yang , Tang Nian , Shi Ya , Gong Zipeng , Tian Weiyi , Liu Ting
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the differences in the pharmacokinetics of Huangqi Liuyi decoction extract (HQD) under physiological and pathological conditions. The roles of liver cytochrome P450 metabolic enzymes (Cyp450) and small intestinal transporters were also investigated. The cocktail probe drug method was used to investigate the effects of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and HQD on metabolic enzyme activity. The expression levels of liver Cyp450 metabolic enzymes (Cyp1A2, Cyp2C37, Cyp3A11, Cyp2E1, and Cyp2C11) and small intestinal transporters (breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), organic cation transporters (OCTs), and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRPs) were determined using western blot. Compared to normal mice, the expression of OCT1, OCT2, MRP1, and MRP2 was increased in DN mice, while that of P-gp and BCRP (

P
<
0.05

and

P
<
0.001

) was inhibited. HQD inhibited expression of Cyp1A2 and Cyp3A11 and increased the expression of P-gp and BCRP in normal mice. In DN mice, HQD induced expression of BCRP and inhibited expression of Cyp2C37, Cyp3A11, OCT2, MRP1, and MRP2. The activity of each Cyp450 enzyme was consistent with changes in expression. The changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of HQD in DN might, in part, be secondary to decreased expression of P-gp and BCRP. HQD varied in regulating transporter activities between health and disease. These findings support careful application of HQD-based treatment in DN, especially in combination with other drugs.
Cancer Progression Mediated by CAFs Relating to HCC and Identification of Genetic Characteristics Influencing Prognosis
Authors: Song Li , Li Qiankun , Lu Yao , Feng Xianqi , Yang Rungong , Wang Shouguo
Published: October 2022

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, and although there are several treatment options, the overall results are not satisfactory. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can promote cancer progression through various mechanisms. Methods. HCC-associated mRNA data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. First, the differentially expressed CAF-related genes (CAF-DEGs) were acquired by difference analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Moreover, a CAF-related risk model was built by Cox analysis. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the validity of this risk model. Furthermore, enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high- and low-risk groups was executed to explore the functions relevant to the risk model. Furthermore, this study compared the differences in immune infiltration, immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity between the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, we verified the mRNA expression levels of selected prognostic genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results. 107 CAF-DEGs were identified in the HCC samples, and five prognosis-related genes (ACTA2, IGJ, CTHRC1, CXCL12, and LAMB1) were obtained by Cox analysis and utilized to build a CAF-related risk model. K-M analysis illustrated a low survival in the high-risk group, and ROC curves revealed that the risk model could accurately predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. In addition, Cox analysis demonstrated that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Enrichment analysis illustrated that DEGs between the high- and low-risk groups were related to immune response, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, risk scores were correlated with the tumor microenvironment, CAF scores, and TIDE scores, and CAF-related marker genes were positively correlated with all five model genes. Notably, the risk model was relevant to the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression levels of 5 model genes were in accordance with the analysis. Conclusion. A CAF-related risk model based on ACTA2, IGJ, CTHRC1, CXCL12, and LAMB1 was built and could be utilized to predict the prognosis and treatment of HCC.
A Comparative Study of Asymptomatic Malaria in a Forest Rural and Depleted Forest Urban Setting during a Low Malaria Transmission and COVID‐19 Pandemic Period
Authors: Mbah Clarisse E. , Ambe Lum A. , Ngwewondo Adela , Kidzeru Elvis B. , Akwah Lilian , Mountchissi Celestin , Mansour Mohamadou , Sahfe Edward N. , Kamgang Rene´ , Nkengazong Lucia
Published: October 2022

The global malaria morbidity and mortality witnessed an increase from 2019 to 2020 partly due to disruptions in control programs’ activities imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, there is still a significant burden of malaria in Cameroon which needs attention from all fronts to attain elimination goals. It is normally expected that a typical forest ecology that has undergone urbanization and subjected to high rates of ecological instabilities should also have a shift from characteristic perennial malaria transmission and a shift in the type of malaria endemicity plaguing such distorted forest ecology. In this observational comparative study, we randomly enrolled participants from rural and urban settings of a forest zone during a low malaria transmission period, which coincided with the onset of COVID‐19 pandemic. An optimized structured questionnaire was employed, to collect socio‐demographic data and associated risk factors. The CareStart™ Malaria HRP2 antigen test was performed on participants from both settings to determine the prevalence of community asymptomatic malaria. Of 307 participants, 188 (61.0%) were from the rural, while 119 (38.8%) from the urban community. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria (27.0%) detected Plasmodium falciparum antigen in 83 participants. The urban community’s prevalence was 4.2% (5 positives) while the rural community’s was 41.5% (78 positives). In simple logistic regression models, rural forest community and farm around the house were statistically significant predictors of testing positive (coefficient 2.8, 95% CI 1.8‐3.7, p value<0.001) and (coefficient 3.1, 95% CI 1.1‐5.1, p value =0.003), respectively. In the multivariate model, the strongest predictor of testing positive was living in a rural community, with p < 0.001 and odds ratio of 10.9 (95% CI, 3.8‐31.8). These results indicate that during a low transmission period, the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria differs between depleted urban and rural forested settings, suggesting a need for strategic target intervention for the control of asymptomatic malaria.
Analysis of Exponential Runge–Kutta Methods for Differential Equations with Time Delay
Authors: Zhan Rui
Published: October 2022

Numerous mathematical models simulating the phenomenon in science and engineering use delay differential equations. In this paper, we focus on the semilinear delay differential equations, which include a wide range of mathematical models with time lags, such as reaction-diffusion equation with delay, model of bacteriophage predation on bacteria in a chemostat, and so on. This paper is concerned with the stability and convergence properties of exponential Runge–Kutta methods for semilinear delay differential equations. GDN-stability and D-convergence of exponential Runge–Kutta methods are investigated. These two concepts are generalizations of the classical AN-stability and B-convergence for ordinary differential equations to delay differential equations. Sufficient conditions for GDN-stability are given by a newly introduced concept of strong exponential algebraic stability. Further, with the aid of diagonal stability, we show that exponential Runge–Kutta methods are D-convergent. The D-convergent orders are also examined. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
The Critical Gene Screening to Prevent Chromophobe Cell Renal Carcinoma Metastasis through TCGA and WGCNA
Authors: Yan Cheng , Yang Yan , Tang Yunxiang , Zheng Xiaojing , Xu Bin
Published: October 2022

Common chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) has a good prognosis when cured by surgery. However, clinical practice shows that a small number of patients with chRCC will produce metastasis, and the prognosis after metastasis is poor. In this regard, we try to find potential biological targets to prevent CRCC metastasis. In this experiment, we analyzed the clinical traits and gene expression data of chRCC samples which were provided by the TCGA database by the WGCNA method. On this basis, we selected MEtan, a module with a significant positive correlation with the M phase of chRCC, for subsequent analysis. The MEtan module genes in the biological process of chRCC were mainly related to steroid metabolic process, cholesterol metabolic process and STEM cell differentiation. KEGG analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in cancer-related signaling pathways, such as Neuroactive Ligand−receptor interaction, cAMP signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Subsequently, we mapped the PPI interaction network and screened the key gene beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2). Expression analysis showed that there was a significantly increased expression of ARRB2 in chRCC patients in comparison to the normal group. Expression survival analysis indicated that ARRB2 was inversely associated with overall survival. We firmly believe that the key genes identified in this study would be able to provide new clues and research basis for the treatment of chRCC.
A Meta-analysis: Cost Comparison of Flow Diversion and Coil Embolization for Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Jin Ji , Wu Yongqiang , Yang Biao , Ren Yeqing , Sun Yanqi , He Jianhang , Wang Xiaogang , Guo Geng
Published: October 2022

Background. Intracranial aneurysm serves as a prevalent cerebral disorder leading to the low-quality life and financial burden of the patients. Flow diversion and coil embolization have been confirmed as common therapeutic strategies for intracranial aneurysms. In this work, we identified and compared the cost between the flow diversion and coil embolization in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in a meta-analysis. Methods. We downloaded literatures that are published before Feb 2021 from Cochrane Library, Embase, and Pubmed using terms including “flow diversion”, “pipeline embolization device”, “coil embolization”, “coiling”, “Intracranial aneurysms”, and “Cerebral aneurysms”. The data were analyzed by STATA 15.1. Differences in treatment costs were determined by WMD (95% CI). Results. A total of 1332 articles were included in the search of the limited terms, and 8 were selected after eliminating duplicate and unwanted studies. Our data indicated that the total cost of flow diversion for intracranial aneurysms is significantly lower than coil embolization (

WMD
=
−
4419.12

, 95% CI: -6292.21 to -2546.03,

p
≤
0.001

). In addition, we explored the retreatment hospitalization cost of flow diversion and coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms. We found that the retreatment hospitalization cost of flow diversion for intracranial aneurysms is significantly higher than coil embolization (

WMD
=
3203.85

, 95% CI: 1904.60 to 4503.10,

p
≤
0.001

). Conclusion. We concluded that the total cost was lower, and the retreatment hospitalization costs of flow diversion were higher than coil embolization for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Our finding provides valuable insights into the application of flow diversion and coil embolization in intracranial aneurysm therapy. Flow diversion may be applied as a major treatment with the consideration of retreatment.
Efficient Control Charting Scheme for the Process Location with Application in Automobile Industry
Authors: Anwar Syed Masroor , Komal Somayya , Cheema Ammara Nawaz , Abiodun Nafiu Lukman , Rasheed Zahid , Khan Majid
Published: October 2022

The recently introduced triple exponentially weighted moving average (TEWMA) chart is the extended form of the classical EWMA and double EWMA (DEWMA) charts. On the other hand, the auxiliary information-based (AIB) homogeneously weighted moving average (

HWMA

AIB

) chart is used for the monitoring of process location shifts efficiently as compared to the HWMA chart. Combining TEWMA with HWMA features is a new idea and is not seen in the literature until now. So, the objective of this study is to combine the idea of

HWMA

AIB

and TEWMA charts and propose an AIB triple HWMA, symbolized as

THWMA

AIB

chart to further improve the process location shift monitoring. The proposed

THWMA

AIB

chart is developed by combining the AIB double HWMA plotting statistic into the other HWMA chart. The numerical results are computed using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Average run length (

ARL

), relative

ARL

, performance comparison index, and extra quadratic loss are used as comparison tools for the proposed

THWMA

AIB

chart with the classical EWMA, TEWMA, mixed HWMA-CUSUM (MHC), AIB EWMA (

EWMA

AIB

), HWMA, double HWMA (DHWMA),

HWMA

AIB

, AIB mixed EWMA-CUSUM (

MEC

AIB

), and AIB mixed CUSUM-EWMA (

MCE

AIB

) charts. Finally, a practical application is also provided for users to demonstrate the proposed study’s vitality.
Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Low-Level Tragus Stimulation Improves Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Yang Yufan , Xie Longlong , Peng Yinghui , Yan Haipeng , Huang Jiaotian , Xiao Zhenghui , Lu Xiulan
Published: October 2022

Background. Sepsis can lead to multiple organ damage, of which the heart is one of the most vulnerable organs. Vagal nerve stimulation can reduce myocardial injury in sepsis and improve survival rates. However, the potential impact of low-level tragus stimulation and disparate cell populations on sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction remains undetermined. Methods. A cardiac single-cell transcriptomic approach was used for characterizing cardiac cell populations that form the heart. Single-cell mRNA sequencing data were used for selecting all cardiac macrophages from CD45+ cells. Then, echocardiography, western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were performed to verify the single-cell mRNA sequencing results. Results. Using single-cell mRNA sequencing data, we uncovered the multiple cell populations contributing to myocardial injury in sepsis under low-level tragus stimulation, thereby illustrating a comprehensive map of the cardiac cellular landscape. Pseudotiming analysis in single-cell sequencing showed that low-level vagal nerve stimulation played an anti-inflammatory role by promoting cardiac monocytes into M2 macrophages, which significantly increased α7nAChR expression in heart tissues. Echocardiography assessment indicated that low-level vagal nerve stimulation could also improve cardiac functions in mice with sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. In addition, the heart tissues of mice from the sepsis group with low-level tragus stimulation had significantly lower interleukin-1β expression levels than those from the sepsis group. Flow cytometry analysis showed that different acetylcholine concentrations promoted cardiac monocytes into M2 macrophages in in vitro experiments. Conclusion. Low-level tragus stimulation could improve sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by promoting cardiac monocytes to M2 macrophages.
Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Exosomes Promote the Proliferation, Invasion, and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer by the miR-3960/TFAP2A Axis
Authors: Wu Jinhong
Published: October 2022

Background. The microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer-derived exosomes have the ability to change tumor microenvironment. This study aims to investigate the role of miRNA in cancer-derived exosomes in pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods. Based on the analysis of PC-derived and healthy exosomes by bioinformatics analysis and quantitative real-time PCR validation, the miR-3960 was identified to be the most significantly different miRNA, and TFAP2A proved as its potential target gene. Besides, the exosomes were isolated from PANC-1 cells and identified. After that, PANC-1 cells were treated with the isolated exosomes or transfected with miR-3960 mimics or si-TFAP2A, the effect of PC-derived exosomes, as well as the miR-3960/TFAP2A axis in PC cells, were assessed by the CCK-8, EDU staining, Transwell, cell colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, the effects of exosomes and the miR-3960/TFAP2A axis on PC tumor growth were observed in tumor-bearing mice by the measurement of tumor weight and volume, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, the expressions of TFAP2A/PTEN/AKT signaling proteins were detected by Western blot. Results. PC-derived exosomes were isolated successfully and proved to have promotion effects on the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of PC cells both in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Also, the PC-derived exosomes upregulated the TFAP2A, Bcl-2, and p-AKT/AKT protein levels, and inhibited PTEN and Bax levels and PANC-1 cell apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-3960 antagonized the promotion effect of exosomes on PC cells and the TFAP2A/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway, inhibiting the growth of tumors. Besides, si-TFAP2A enhanced the inhibitory effect of miR-3960 in PC. Conclusion. MiR-3960 antagonizes the promotion effect of tumor-derived exosomes on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of PC via suppressing TFAP2A.
Influence of Information-Based Continuous Care on Disease Control and Treatment Compliance of Elderly Diabetic Patients
Authors: liu Jiao , Shi Xiaomao , Guo Bin
Published: October 2022

Background. The incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year. For elderly diabetic patients, poor blood glucose control and worsening immune function greatly increase the risk of complications, which will seriously affect their quality of life. Purpose. This paper primarily clarifies the influence of information-based continuous care on disease control and treatment compliance of elderly diabetic patients. Methods. From December 2018 to December 2021, 106 elderly diabetic patients were selected, and their clinical data were retrospectively studied. Patients were grouped according to the type of care they received: an observation group (OG) comprising 56 cases receiving information-based continuous care and a control group (CG) including 50 cases treated with routine nursing. The two cohorts of patients were compared regarding disease control, treatment compliance, glucose and lipid metabolism (GLM), and self-management. Results. After analysis, it was found that the disease control and treatment compliance were statistically higher in OG compared with CG. OG also showed significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) after nursing that were all lower compared with CG. In terms of self-management, OG outperformed CG in diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and adherence to medical regimens. Conclusions. Information-based continuous care has beneficial effects on disease control and treatment compliance of elderly diabetic patients and can help control blood sugar and optimize patients’ self-management level, with high clinical promotion value.
SFRP2 is a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker and Suppresses the Proliferation of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Huang Rongxi , Chen Danyan , Wang Hongman , Zhang Binghan , Zhang Yu , Ren Wei
Published: October 2022

Pituitary adenoma (PA) constitutes one of the most common intracranial tumors. The present study was designed to identify potential diagnostic markers for PA. We used gene expression profiles (GEO: GSE26966 and GEO: GSE63357 datasets) derived from human PA and nontumor samples that were made freely accessible by the gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between 14 normal specimens and 34 PA specimens by the use of the limma package of the R. The diagnostic genes were determined using a LASSO regression model and SVM-RFE analysis. SFRP2 expression in PA cells was analyzed using RT-PCR, and the effect of SFRP2 dysregulation on PA cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 analysis. In this study, 361 DEGs were identified: 309 genes were downregulated and 52 genes were upregulated. The results of KEGG assays revealed that the 361 DEGs were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Results from the LASSO regression model and the SVM-RFE analysis indicated that LOC101060391 and SFRP2 were diagnostic genes. In contrast to normal tissue, the expressions of LOC101060391 and SFRP2 were much lower in PA samples. According to the ROC assays, high LOC101060391 and SFRP2 expression had an AUC value >0.9 for PA. Upregulation of SFRP2 distinctly inhibited the proliferative capacity of PA cells, as shown by CCK-8 analysis. Furthermore, knockdown of SFRP2 had an influence on cell growth in both the AtT-20 and HP75 cell lines. Taken together, our findings indicate that LOC101060391 and SFRP2 have diagnostic potential for PA. Furthermore, SFRP2 may be an antioncogene and a therapeutic target for PA.
Machine Learning Strategy to Achieve Maximum Energy Harvesting and Monitoring Method for Solar Photovoltaic Panel Applications
Authors: Ganthia Bibhu Prasad , Hanumanthakari Sudheer , Gudimindla Hemachandra , Anandaram Harishchander , Ramkumar M. Siva , Mohanty Monalisa , Gopal S. Raja , Sarojwal Atul , Hadish Kibrom Menasbo
Published: October 2022

The choice of the optimal orientation of the solar panels is by far one of the most important issues in the practical application of solar installations. The use of phase changing materials (PCMs) is an efficient approach of storing solar thermal energy. Because PCMs are isothermal in nature, they provide better density energy storage and the capacity to function across a wide temperature range. Unfortunately, this feature is very rare on various solar power panels; however, ignoring it can reduce the performance of the panels to unacceptable levels. The fact is that the angle of incidence of rays on the surface greatly affects the reflection coefficient and, consequently, the role of unacceptable solar energy. In this paper, a smart energy harvesting model was proposed. In the case of glass, when the angle of incidence varies vertically from its surface to 30, the reflection coefficient is practically unchanged and slightly less than 5%, i.e., more than 95% of the radiation goes inwards. Furthermore, the reflection increase is noticeable, and the area of the reflected radiation by 60 doubles to almost 10%. At an angle of incidence of 70, it reflects 20% of the radiation, and at 80, 40%. For most other objects, the dependence of the reflection magnitude on the angle of incidence is approximately the same.
Remote Diagnosis and Detection Technology for Electrical Control of Intelligent Manufacturing CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Yang Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2022

An intelligent manufacturing environment employs internet-based communication and monitoring technologies for fault detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of industrial machines. The monitoring and fault detection are performed remotely without human intervention that predicts faults and ensures specific operational control. This article introduces a rational fault diagnosis process (RFDP) best suited for remote fault detection and diagnosis of CNC machine tools. The proposed process monitors different operational segments of the machine and extracts related data to validate its performance. The interconnection between the segments and fault impact are identified using the transfer learning process. The previously identified faults are used in the state training process to improve detection and diagnosis accuracy. Depending on the operational control continuity, the performance is assessed post the fault diagnosis. The learning paradigm is trained using the machine’s efficiency and rational data processing to predict the transfer states’ faults. The transfer states are modulated based on the efficiency and minimum-maximum control recommended for the CNC machine. This process’s performance is validated using detection accuracy, diagnosis recommendation, downtime, data processing rate, and processing time. From the experimental analysis, it is seen that for the varying data extraction rates, the proposed process improves detection accuracy by 10.14%, diagnosis recommendation by 8.58% and data processing rate by 7.95%, reducing the downtime by 8.85%, and processing by 11.24%.
Circulating Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Variants between April 2021 and February 2022 in Turkey
Authors: Sayan Murat , Arikan Ayse , Isbilen Murat
Published: October 2022

The diagnosis of new variants and monitoring their potential effects on diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines by genomic sequencing is essential to manage global public crises. In the current study, spike-genome next-generation sequencing was generated from 492 SARS-CoV-2 isolates to evaluate the mutations in Turkey from April 2021 to February 2022. The variant analysis was performed using (Coronavirus Antiviral and Resistance Database (CoV-RDB) by Stanford University). We revealed that the lineages Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), Eta (B.1.525), variant of interest (VOI), lota (B.1.526), Zeta (P.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529), and Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529.1) were in the circulation in Turkey during the given period. The most common lineages were B.1.1.7, B.1.617.2, B.1.1.529, and B.1.1.529.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant circulation in Turkey seems highly heterogenetic; however, quite similar to the global epidemiologic analysis. The existence of globally circulating variants in the same chronological order in Turkey can be a guide for precautions, treatment, and vaccine options to be taken in the future.
Design and Simulation Analysis of a Flexible Clamping and Conveying Device of a Green Leafy Vegetable Cutting and Bundling Integrated Machine
Authors: Wang Zhiquan , Yang Tianxing , Wei Wei
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the harvesting production efficiency of green leafy vegetables, this paper designs and simulates the flexible clamping and conveying device of the green leafy vegetable cutting and bundling integrated machine. Through theoretical calculation and 3D modeling, the design optimization of key components is carried out in this paper. The cutter head of the guillotine cutting and throwing device is a wheel cutter type. The throwing blades are axially symmetrically distributed on the cutter head, and the movable blades are radially distributed at equal angles and are located in the middle of the two throwing blades. The electronic control system of the wrapping device uses a pressure sensor to cooperate with the baling device to realize automatic wrapping after baling. In addition, the drive chassis of the machine is a hydrostatic drive system, which is convenient for step-less speed change and automatic control within a certain range. Through the simulation study, it can be seen that the flexible clamping and conveying device of the green leafy vegetable cutting and bundling integrated machine proposed in this paper can meet the industrialization needs of green leafy vegetables.
Analysis of Temperature Distribution and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welding of Al-Cu Joints Using Hardened H13 Steel Tools
Authors: Pratap Kumar J. , Raj Anil , Venkatraman A. R. , Kulandaivel Arul , Ashwin Prabhu G. , Narendranathan S. K. , Ashok Nagaraj
Published: October 2022

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a superior metal joining technique for joining similar and dissimilar metals. The various materials acceptable for the FSW techniques were magnesium alloys, mild steel, stainless steel, copper alloys, titanium alloys, aluminium alloys, etc. In this method, the frictional heat generated by the tool on metal workpieces was used for joining, and the workpieces were joined below the upper critical temperature. The substantial benefit of this technique is that it is capable of welding unweldable alloys by the conventional fusion welding method. The welding tool was rotated, traversed, and penetrated into the joint between two base plates. A suitable tool design with appropriate process parameters will result in high-quality welding on workpieces. In these experiments, the tools were designed with different pin profiles. The welding tools required for FSW are designed using SOLIDWORKS, and temperature distributions across the weld regions were analyzed using Ansys software. The fixture needed for FSW is fabricated according to machine requirements. The tool material used was hardened H13 steel, and the base plates were aluminium alloy 6101 and copper alloy C11000. The temperature distributions are noted in each trial during FSW of Al-Cu joints along the weld line region. Due to maximum temperature at weld joints, high ultimate tensile strength and impact strength were obtained at 1200 rpm tool rotational speed and 20 mm/min feed rate with the square pin profile of a hardened H13 steel tool. The obtained ultimate tensile stress (UTS) at joints was less than that of the base plates Al and Cu. The microhardness value was higher at the nugget zone than at the base plates, giving high strength at the joint area and unevenly distributed.
[Retracted] Comparative Analysis of Antioxidants Activity of Indigenously Produced Moringa Oleifera Seeds Extracts
Authors: Tariq Sadaf , Umbreen Huma , Noreen Razia , Petitbois Cyril , Aftab Kiran , Alasmary Fatmah Ali , Almalki Amani Salem , Mazid Mohammad Abdul
Published: October 2022

Medicinal plants are used to control and remediate oxidative stress related diseases caused by free radicals. Thus, these plants find their use as remedy. Moringa oleifera is an extremely valued plant for its medicinal properties. Herein, two indigenously produced accessions of Moringa oleifera seeds [originated from Multan (M‐Mln) and India (PKM1)] were investigated for their antioxidant properties by 2.2‐Diphenyl‐1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, total phenolics content and total flavonoids content. The presence of various phenolics as well as flavonoids was further confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy detected the presence of various functional groups. In conclusion, these findings revealed that the methanol extract of M‐Mln variety seeds showed high antioxidant potential, having IC50 value of 84 μg/ml. While, hexane extract of PKM1 showed least activity. The methanol extract of M‐Mln was found to show highest total phenolics content as 33.83 ± 1.19 mg GAE/g. The methanol extract of M‐Mln was found to show highest total flavonoids content as 76.07 ± 1.10 mg CAE/g. The hexane extract of PKM1 was found to show least total flavonoids content as 22.47 ± 1.70 mg CAE/g. The detection of phenolics (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and gallic acid) as well as flavonoids (catechin and quercetin) revealed the potential of methanol extracts of both varieties as a good source of antioxidants. The results indicated the importance of seed extracts in the treatment of oxidative stress related diseases. In future, the use of natural antioxidants will prevent the progression of diseases.