bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse-gas abatement on Australian dairy farms: what are the options?
Authors: Garnett L. M. , Eckard R. J.
Published: November 2024

The Australian dairy industry contributes significantly to the rural economy, but must reduce its greenhouse-gas emissions to remain competitive in a global market that is starting to prioritise a low carbon footprint. Demand for improved environmental, social and governance performance from supply chains creates an imperative for research to deliver options for farmers to make reductions in their environmental footprint. Given the rapidly evolving nature of greenhouse-gas abatement research, this critical review provides an update on the state of the research relevant to Australian dairy systems and identifies research gaps that must be addressed if there is to be widespread on-farm adoption. Current research suggests that Australian dairy farms could theoretically abate enteric methane by 40–50%, with about another 5–10% reduction in whole-farm greenhouse-gas emissions being possible by flocculating or covering stored effluent. Fertiliser- and urine-patch management strategies could substantially reduce direct and indirect nitrous oxide emissions, but by variable amounts subject to local conditions. However, few abatement options are currently cost-effective for farmers. Significantly more research investment is required to facilitate the on-farm adoption of strategies, particularly to reduce enteric methane and improve the efficiency of nitrogen cycling. Improved understanding is required of the influences on each strategy’s abatement potential and interactions with economically important traits in grazing systems, the effect of combining abatement strategies, and systems by which strategies can be implemented cost-effectively on farms. The challenge for research is to consider how the implementation of cost-effective abatement options can be refined for grazing dairy systems to maintain the position of Australian dairy in the global market.
Secondary thalamic dysfunction underlies abnormal large-scale neural dynamics in chronic stroke
Authors: Johnston Phillip R. , Griffiths John D. , Rokos Leanne , McIntosh Anthony R. , Meltzer Jed A.
Published: November 2024

Stroke causes pronounced and widespread slowing of neural activity. Despite decades of work exploring these abnormal neural dynamics and their associated functional impairments, their causes remain largely unclear. To close this gap in understanding, we applied a neurophysiological corticothalamic circuit model to simulate magnetoencephalography (MEG) power spectra recorded from chronic stroke patients. Comparing model-estimated physiological parameters to those of controls, patients demonstrated significantly lower intrathalamic inhibition in the lesioned hemisphere, despite the absence of direct damage to the thalamus itself. We hypothesized that this disinhibition could instead be related to secondary degeneration of the thalamus, for which growing evidence exists in the literature. Further analyses confirmed that spectral slowing correlated significantly with overall secondary degeneration of the ipsilesional thalamus, encompassing decreased thalamic volume, altered tissue microstructure, and decreased blood flow. Crucially, this relationship was mediated by model-estimated thalamic disinhibition, suggesting a causal link between secondary thalamic degeneration and abnormal brain dynamics via thalamic disinhibition. Finally, thalamic degeneration was correlated significantly with poorer cognitive and language outcomes, but not lesion volume, reinforcing that thalamus damage may account for additional individual variability in poststroke disability. Overall, our findings indicate that the frequently observed poststroke slowing reflects a disruption of corticothalamic circuit dynamics due to secondary thalamic dysfunction, and highlights the thalamus as an important target for understanding and potentially treating poststroke brain dysfunction.
Mismatch between lab-generated and field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt crops inHelicoverpa zea
Authors: Legan Andrew W. , Allan Carson W. , Jensen Zoe N. , Degain Benjamin A. , Yang Fei , Kerns David L. , Benowitz Kyle M. , Fabrick Jeffrey A. , Li Xianchun , Carrière Yves , Matzkin Luciano M. , Tabashnik Bruce E.
Published: November 2024

Transgenic crops producing crystalline (Cry) proteins from the bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) have been used extensively to control some major crop pests. However, many populations of the noctuid mothHelicoverpa zea, one of the most important crop pests in the United States, have evolved practical resistance to several Cry proteins including Cry1Ac. Although mutations in single genes that confer resistance to Cry proteins have been identified in lab-selected and gene-edited strains ofH. zeaand other lepidopteran pests, the genetic basis of field-evolved resistance to Cry proteins inH. zeahas remained elusive. We used a genomic approach to analyze the genetic basis of field-evolved resistance to Cry1Ac in 937H. zeaderived from 17 sites in seven states of the southern United States. We found evidence for extensive gene flow among all populations studied. Field-evolved resistance was not associated with mutations in 20 single candidate genes previously implicated in resistance or susceptibility to Cry proteins inH. zeaor other lepidopterans. Instead, resistance in field samples was associated with increased copy number of a cluster of nine trypsin genes. However, trypsin gene amplification occurred in a susceptible sample and not in all resistant samples, implying that this amplification does not always confer resistance and mutations in other genes also contribute to field-evolved resistance to Cry1Ac inH. zea. The mismatch between lab-generated and field-evolved resistance inH. zeais unlike other cases of Bt resistance and reflects challenges for managing this pest.
Dynamical theory for adaptive systems
Authors: Pham Tuan Minh , Kaneko Kunihiko
Published: November 2024

The study of adaptive dynamics, involving many degrees of freedom on two separated timescales, one for fast changes of state variables and another for the slow adaptation of parameters controlling the former’s dynamics is crucial for understanding feedback mechanisms underlying evolution and learning. We present a path-integral approach à la Martin–Siggia–Rose-De Dominicis–Janssen to analyse non-equilibrium phase transitions in such dynamical systems. As an illustration, we apply our framework to the adaptation of gene-regulatory networks under a dynamic genotype-phenotype map: phenotypic variations are shaped by the fast stochastic gene-expression dynamics and are coupled to the slowly evolving distribution of genotypes, each encoded by a network structure. We establish that under this map, genotypes corresponding to reciprocal networks of coherent feedback loops are selected within an intermediate range of environmental noise, leading to phenotypic robustness.
Fermionic logarithmic negativity in the Krawtchouk chain
Authors: Blanchet Gabrielle , Parez Gilles , Vinet Luc
Published: November 2024

The entanglement of non-complementary regions is investigated in an inhomogeneous free-fermion chain through the lens of the fermionic logarithmic negativity. Focus is on the Krawtchouk chain, whose relation to the eponymous orthogonal polynomials allows for exact diagonalization and analytical calculations of certain correlation functions. For adjacent regions, the negativity scaling corresponds to that of a conformal field theory with central charge c = 1, in agreement with previous studies on bipartite entanglement in the Krawtchouk chain. For disjoint regions, we focus on the skeletal regime where each region reduces to a single site. This regime is sufficient to extract the leading behaviour at large distances. In the bulk, the negativity decays as

d

−
4

Δ
f

with

Δ
f

=
1

/

2

, where d is the separation between the regions. This is in agreement with the homogeneous result of free Dirac fermions in one dimension. Surprisingly, when one site is close to the boundary, this exponent changes and depends on the parity of the boundary site

m
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…

, with

Δ
f

even

=
3

/

8

and

Δ
f

odd

=
5

/

8

. The results are supported by numerics and analytical calculations.
Structural Optimization Analysis of Combined Sealing Ring
Authors: Cheng Heming , Chen Xinyuan , Liu Hucheng , Chen Xiaolan
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the effect of the contact forces of the combined sealing ring by the pre-compressibility of the O-ring seal and the working pressure is studied. The influence of the structural parameters (width, thickness and chamfer) of the friction ring on the contact forces of the combined sealing ring is analyzed. The results show that, in the combined seal, it is not that the higher the pre-compressibility, the higher the sealing efficiency. Under certain working conditions, the chamfer of the friction ring increases, the contact forces of the friction ring decreases; the thickness of the friction ring increases, the contact forces of the friction ring is almost unchanged; The contact force increases with the increase of the width of the friction ring. Under the condition of a given medium pressure of 25 MPa and a compressibility of 22.5%, the optimal values of friction rings L, R, and H and three contact forces and contact forces F under the corresponding conditions are calculated by the optimization algorithm.
Study on Shutter Heating Performance of Gas Turbine Intake System
Authors: Zhai Bin , Yang Xing , Yang Fuzheng , Chen Kunyi , Wei Yucheng , Wang Jianhua
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the anti-icing and de-icing requirements of gas turbine intake system, study the heating performance of a typical shutter vane, and compares and analyzes the influence of different ambient temperature and different electrothermal pipe heat generation rate on vane temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics. The results show that the air convection at different positions on the blade surface of the louver leads to the difference in the temperature distribution of the upper and lower surfaces of the blade, as well as the leading edge and trailing edge of the blade, and the leading edge of the blade, as the area with the lowest overall temperature distribution of the blade, should be focused on in the design of anti-icing and de-icing systems. Increasing the heat production rate of the electric heating tube, there is more heat flow near the midline of the blade, which makes the temperature rise at this position the highest, and it is necessary to pay attention to the energy waste and blade damage caused by local overheating of the blade. Therefore, when the ambient temperature increases from 245.15 K to 318.15 K, the leaf temperature increases from 248.73 K to 322.74 K, and the temperature rise also increases from 3.58 K to 4.59 K. The electrothermal technology can be used to the anti-icing and de-icing of the intake system shutters on the basis of choosing the heat generation rate of the electrothermal tube reasonably.
Influences of Fluorine on Corrosion Behavior of FeCrAl Alloy in Lithiated/borated Water at 360 °C/18.5 MPa
Authors: Jiang Guanyu , Xu Donghai , Liu Huanteng , Zhang Yue , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: November 2024

As an accident-tolerant fuel cladding material, Iron-Chromium-Aluminium (FeCrAl) alloy shows a big potential in replacing zirconium alloy as the cladding tube for pressurized water reactors. The presence of fluorine impurity in the primary coolant of pressurized water reactors will accelerate the corrosion of fuel cladding tubes. However, studies on the influences of fluorine impurity on the service performance of FeCrAl alloy are relatively limited. In this work, corrosion behavior of FeCrAl alloy in fluorine-containing lithiated/borated water at 360 °C and 18.5 MPa was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that FeCrAl alloy exhibited relatively good resistance to fluorine attack. Fluorine ions changed the diffusion behavior of alloying element Cr, so facilitating the formation and dissolution of FeCr2O4. Deposition of Ni and B was observed on the alloy surface. The maximum content of B reached 24.20 at.% after fluorine-containing lithiated/borated water exposure while that was 12.50 at.% in the absence of fluorine ions. Despite this, no specific compounds of B were detected in the corrosion products, but Ni existed in the form of NiFe2O4.
Large offshore wind farms have minimal direct impacts on air quality
Authors: Golbazi Maryam , Archer Cristina L
Published: November 2024

Wind power has rapidly grown over the past decade because it is clean, renewable, and abundant. However, wind farms can affect local weather conditions and possibly alter the transport, diffusion, and concentration of air pollutants. Given the unprecedented expansion of offshore wind farms planned along the U.S. East Coast by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), This study aims to investigate if and how those future wind farms might directly affect air pollution along the U.S. East Coast, in particular the levels of ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (

PM

2.5

), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These pollutants are regulated at the federal and state levels and are harmful to human health. We exclusively study the direct effects of the wind turbines on air pollution (via meteorological changes), rather than investigating the indirect impacts of replacing fossil-fuel power plants with wind farms. We first run a numerical meteorological model, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, to simulate the meteorology along the U.S. East Coast during the summer of 2018 in two scenarios, with and without the wind farms. Then we use the output of these two sets of simulations from the WRF model as input to the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions to simulate the changes in air quality in the study domain due to the wind farms. On average, we only find a minor increase in

O

3

levels within the wake of the New Jersey WEA. The minor changes to

O

3

can be attributed to the slight temperature increase below the turbine hub height, within the rotor area, as well as a significant decrease in wind velocity in the wake of the turbines and a slight increase in volatile organic compound levels. In addition, we report that the other three pollutants remain unchanged in the presence of wind farms. In summary, the direct impacts on air pollution by the BOEM-planned offshore wind farms are expected to be negligible.
Seasonal evolution modes of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies and their links to antarctic sea ice anomalies
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Sun Bo
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have explored the teleconnections between variability of Antarctic sea ice cover and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) across the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins, typically focusing on each basin individually. However, there has been limited investigation into the impact of tropical SSTs—particularly from a seasonal evolution perspective—on Antarctic sea ice cover. In this study, we employ the self-organizing map method to identify and analyze the primary modes of seasonal SST evolution in the tropical oceans from 1854 to 2022. We also project changes in the frequency of these modes through the 21st century. Moreover, we examine the seasonal variability of Antarctic sea ice concentration in relation to these tropical SST modes over the past four decades. Our results reveal that tropical SST anomalies display both uniform and shifted seasonal evolution patterns. Notably, the frequency of switched modes—namely, transitions from La Niña to El Niño (node 8) and from El Niño to La Niña (node 3)—is expected to increase in future climate. Interestingly, nearly mirrored SST seasonal evolution patterns do not lead to entirely opposite atmospheric circulation anomalies in the southern mid-high latitudes, nor do they result in completely inverse Antarctic sea ice cover anomalies.
Development of a strategy for the “green” transformation of Russian hop production based on the principles of the climate and ESG agenda development
Authors: Afanaseva O
Published: November 2024

According to the UN report of 2022, the world community has faced the largest number of conflicts since the founding of the United Nations (1945). Despite the increasing polarization of the world, the development of ESG approaches in the world continues, as they address the fundamental challenges of human development. At the same time, the programs of the countries provide for both strict measures of restrictions and regulation, as well as “soft” policies in the form of support and incentives. In accordance with the regulatory documents adopted in Russia, soft measures are being taken in the country to encourage the adoption of measures for the sustainable development of Russian companies. To develop approaches for the sustainable development of hop farming in Russia, the work examines the experience of world leading companies in hop production, namely: Hop Products Australia (HPA), German Hopsteiner and HVG group. At the next stage, considering the Russian natural and climatic conditions and the peculiarities of agricultural business, three directions have been developed for the implementation of the postulates of the ESG agenda in Russian hop farming - increasing the sustainability of the use of natural resources, solving organizational issues and reducing environmental impact. Specific steps for their implementation have been formed within each direction.
Developing organic farming areas to achieve ESG principles
Authors: Aitkazina Madina , Kruglyak Viktor , Borodulin Dmitri , Kortunov Vadim , Biryukov Vladimir
Published: November 2024

Considering consumer demand for eco-friendly and safe food products, and the desire to comply with ESG principles, the authors need to study priority methods and directions for developing organic agriculture. The article aims at determining promising directions for developing organic agriculture to achieve ESG principles. This research employed methods of analysis of documents and scientific articles, online expert survey and statistical method for checking the reliability during the process of information collection. The authors systematized the results obtained into groups depending on the method of agricultural production in organic agriculture: organic, organo-biological, biodynamic, biological (ecological), and integrated. After ranking them, the authors determined the areas of organic agriculture that require priority development. This research has practical significance for government authorities, business structures, farmers and other stakeholders as it can aid in development of government programs to support organic agriculture entities in Kazakhstan and other countries with similar conditions to achieve ESG principles.
Some aspects of the socio-economic consequences of informatization of economic management in agro-industrial complex
Authors: Zatsarinny A A , Medennikov V I
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the socio-economic aspects of the influence of information and communication technologies on the processes of managing the country’s economy in terms of the agro-industrial complex are considered. A brief retrospective analysis of the phased introduction of computer technology into management processes is presented on the example of practical experience in the implementation of informatization of a large agro-industrial holding in the Kuban. These works were carried out within the framework of the task “Electronics of agriculture” of the Integrated Program of the scientific and Technical Program of the member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. At the same time, a systematic interconnection of work was carried out in the areas of informatization in terms of technological processes, organizational and economic management of enterprises, education, the social sphere of the village and agricultural science. It is shown that such a complex nature of informatization turned out to be unrealizable due to serious limitations of the complementary interdependencies of various assets. At the same time, the experience gained made it possible to develop a single digital platform for managing agro-industrial production and can be useful in modern conditions in relation to other sectors of the economy, primarily in terms of the organizational structure of the platform, providing for its scientific and personnel support.
Blockchain in Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors: Denisovich Veronika , Majorov Andrey , Kravchenko Irina , Dmitrieva Anna , Petrov Pavel , Kokanov Nikolay
Published: November 2024

The article reviews the available projects and programs using digital technologies and the results of their adaptation in agriculture and specifically in the agro-industrial complex. Tokenization makes any production sector attractive and transparent for investment. The blockchain enables an investor to understand and estimate where the money is invested and what the result will be, how large the final profit will be and whether there will be an additional investment income from the agribusiness. Most of the initial efforts in blockchain in agribusiness are trackable achievements. The authors point out that it is possible to create an efficient supply chain that provides full product serviceability and improves the transactions efficiency by using modern digital technologies. It is about improving margins by reducing bureaucracy and supporting continuity of business problem-solving with blockchain. In doing so, blockchain provides all stakeholders with a common source of reliable information for the agro-industrial and logistics chain.
The effect of herbicides the chance gc on clogging of potato crops
Authors: Avsakhov F F , Kurmasheva N G , Yagafarov R G , Khasanov A N , Rakhimova G M , Enikiev R I
Published: November 2024

During the research at the URC BSAU, it was determined that all the studied drugs of the Chance GC had a significant effect on reducing the amount of weeds. The preparation Zenkoshans, KS has shown the greatest effectiveness in reducing the number of weeds. The largest increase in the yield of potato tubers was obtained in the variant using the preparation Zenkoshans, KS and Shansgard, KS, where the yield averaged 27.5 and 27.3 t/ha over two years, respectively. The variant with the herbicide Agroshans, VK showed a yield of 26.7 t/ha. The use of the studied herbicides had practically no effect on the content of dry matter, starch, vitamin C, and nitrates. The highest profitability was obtained in the variant with the use of Agroshans, VK amounting to 144%. Variants using Shansgard, KS and Zenkoshans, KS allowed to obtain 142% profitability. Without preparations, we got a profit margin of 129%.
Species diversity of potato endophytic bacteria in Yakutia
Authors: Lukina F A , Nikolaeva F V , Fedorov V I , Vasilyeva M N , Pinigina N M
Published: November 2024

Potato is an important agricultural crop, and the development of methods to increase its resistance to diseases and yields increase is a current task. One of the approaches to solving this problem is to study potato endophytic microorganisms and their potential use as biocontrol agents. Some of the endophytes act as stimulators of plant growth and development, and some as pathogens of various diseases. In many cases, they not only do not harm the host plant, but even have a beneficial effect on the growth and development. Some endophytes may be antagonists against various phytopathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of our research is to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from potato plants of the Yakutyanka variety. It was found that of the 45 isolates, 30 (66%) are nonspore-forming, and the remaining 15 (34%) are spore-forming. The main number of isolates 38 (65%) are gram-negative bacteria and only 7 (15%) are gram-positive bacteria. The main amount of endophytic bacteria in the potato plant is contained in the roots, and the least amount of bacteria is in the leaves and stems. The endophytic microbiota can be very diverse. There are more than 200 genera of microorganisms that can live inside plants. These microorganisms belong to different groups as bacteria, fungi and viruses. The isolated bacterial species were mainly of the following phylum: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Bdellovibrionota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bdellovibrionota. Lysobacter antibioticus, a representative of the Pseudomonadota phylum, and Peredibacter starrii, a representative of the Bdellovibrionota phylum, are of interest for further study. In the future, research will continue to identify their stimulating, protective features for the use and development of biological products, taking into account natural and climatic conditions, to improve the yield and quality of potatoes.
Studying the application of a microbiological complex in sterbel growing
Authors: Yurin Denis A , Maxim Ekaterina A , Tletseruk Irina R , Kairov Valery R , Skamarokhova Alexandra S
Published: November 2024

The main goal of the research is to establish the effect of the Bonaka-APK microbiological complex, which is a metabiotic for the management of fish autoflora and the comprehensive prevention of bacterial infections for fingerling sturgeon (sterbel). To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to establish the effect of Bonac-APK on fingerling sturgeon; establish the economic efficiency of its use for aquaculture. The study of the effect of the additive for growing aquaculture for yearling sturgeon fish (sterbel) was carried out with a fish weight of 130 g. The study showed that in an experiment on Sterbel the weight of fish at the end of rearing increased in experimental groups by 3.5-15.6%. The body length of fish in experimental groups increased by 1.1-2.2%. The survival rate of fish in all groups was 100%. Biochemical blood parameters of fish were within normal limits in both the control and experimental groups, which indicates that the probiotic feed additive Bonaka-APK does not have a harmful effect on the fish body. The level of lipid peroxidation increased, which indicates an increase in the antioxidant defense of the Sterbel body. The decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain compared to the control was 8.0-12.0% in experimental groups. It is recommended to use the microbiological complex Bonaka-APK in an amount of 0.4% by weight of the feed, which is a metabiotic for managing fish autoflora and complex prevention of bacterial infections for sturgeon fingerlings of the BONAKA Company.
Influence of moisture supply during the growing period on productivity and fodder value of soybean
Authors: Belyshkina M E , Kobozeva T P , Zagoruiko M G , Ananeva T V , Shaaban M , Serebryakova O V , Romanovskaya A Yu
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the results of research on comparative study of seed yield formation and aboveground biomass yield of soybean in years with different moisture availability, under the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. It has been found that the maximum accumulation of both raw and dry aboveground biomass, crude protein and fodder units in soybean agrocenosis is observed at the stage of full seed (R6). The average values for maximum yields in the experiment were the following: of aboveground raw biomass – 24.8 t/ha, aboveground dry biomass – 6.82 t/ha, protein yield in aboveground dry biomass – 1 278 kg/ha, yield in fodder units – 3.68 t/ha, the contribution of leaves to the yield of aboveground dry biomass being 23.0%, leaves accumulated 20.0% of protein where its content being 20.9%; the contribution of stems to the yield of aboveground dry biomass was 36.0%, stems provided 11.0% of protein accumulated where its content being 5.8%; the contribution of beans reached 41.0%, beans ensured 69.0% of crude protein where its content being 30.1%. Increased moisture availability contributed to a significant growth of the yield of aboveground raw biomass – 1.09-1.19-fold, aboveground dry biomass – 1.08-1.15-fold, protein yield in aboveground dry biomass – 1.10-1.21-fold, yield in fodder units in aboveground dry biomass – 1.07-1.14-fold. On average in the experiment seed yield reached 2.54 t/ha, yield of protein accumulated in seeds was 1 008 kg/ha, of fodder units – 3.40 t/ha. Increased level of available moisture contributed to increase in seed yield – by 1.14-1.21 times, collection of crude protein per unit area – by 1.19-1.31 times, yield of fodder units – by 1.13-1.21 times. It was found that the yield of aboveground biomass harvested at the stage of full seed (R6) significantly exceeded the seed yield: in terms of dry matter yield – by 2.69 times, protein yield – by 1.27 times, fodder units yield – by 1.08 times.
Formation of an electronic waste management system based on the use of key principles of the best available technologies
Authors: Korshunova L N , Zatsarinnaya E I
Published: November 2024

The article substantiates the expediency of the transition of modern industry from a development model based on economic growth to a model built on the principles of the best available technologies (BAT), including the industries responsible for waste management. This is especially true for e-waste management, which is one of the fastest growing categories of waste. Today in Russia, as a transitional stage to the principles of BAT, integrated environmental permits (IEP) issued to enterprises by Russian Environment Ministry are used, which are a document that, in accordance with Art. 31.1 of Federal Law No. 7-FL of January 10, 2002, “is issued for a separate facility that has a negative impact on the environment” and contains a number of requirements and standards enshrined in clause 10 of Article 31.1. Nevertheless, this process is tepid, which is associated both with the lack of development of the issuance procedure itself, and with the non-compliance of the companies’ technological processes with the standards for permissible emissions and discharges. The article formulates the principles that must be observed while issuing an IEP. The procedure for issuing IEPs is considered, its main stages are analyzed. Differences from the similar order in European countries are revealed. The dynamics of issuing IEP for the period from 2019 to 2022, including in the field of waste management, is analyzed. The existing problems in the implementation of waste management activities by regional operators are identified. The analysis and grouping of data on the generation, processing, disposal, neutralization, disposal of production and consumption waste, submitted by Russian companies in the report on the 2-TP form by federal districts, as well as by the category “electronic waste”, was carried out. The structure of these wastes was also analyzed according to hazard class. The increase of the highly hazardous waste mass was found although their share decreased over the specified period. The results obtained made it possible to formulate the most important directions for reforming the system for issuing environmental permits, considering the principles of BAT. Further research will be directed to the formation of a waste management system for the electronics industry at the regional level.
Safety of raw milk in conditions of technogenic load
Authors: Ananeva T V , Ostroukhova V I , Bazaev S O
Published: November 2024

In the conditions of intensive development of the dairy industry, the issue of the content of potentially dangerous substances and inclusions in raw milk is acute. The paper presents data from an experiment to determine the content of microorganisms, mycotoxins, and toxic elements in raw milk. The research aims to monitor the safety indicators of milk obtained under conditions of technogenic load. Determination of microbiological indicators of milk safety was carried out using the classical microbiological method, the content of aflatoxin M1 - by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], the concentration of heavy metals was measured by the atomic absorption method, the presence of arsenic - by colorimetric method. As a result of the tests, it was found that raw milk obtained in the zone of significant environmental risks fully complies with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union.
Assessment of disease resistance in collection samples of oats in the conditions of the northern Trans-Urals
Authors: Pai O A , Fomina M N , Ivanova Y S
Published: November 2024

Currently, one of the urgent problems in the Tyumen region is the resistance of oats to diseases such as dusty smut, crown and stem rust, red-brown spotting. In the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals, 103 samples of various oats were assessed ecological and geographical origin for disease resistance. The following samples showed resistance to smut: Tyumen region (TM 08-142-18, TM 07-118-3, etc.); Krasnoyarsk Territory (k - 14572). USA (k -14758), China (k - 14923) and South Africa (k -14755). Crown and stem rust: Tyumen region. (TM 07-118-3), Leningrad region. (k – 15021), Canada (k – 11003) Japan (k – 14887); red-brown spot: USA (k - 15164), Poland (k - 15248) and others.
Sheep Farming Development: Utilizing the Biological Capabilities of Dagestan Breed Sheep and Crossbreeds
Authors: Abdulmuslimov Abdulmuslim , Yuldashbaev Yusupzhan , Kubatbekov Tursumbai , Chylbak-ool Salbak , Savchuk Svetlana , Kulmakova Natalia
Published: November 2024

Sheep farming plays a vital role in meeting societal and economic demands for essential materials and food products. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of crossbreeding Russian meat merino rams with Dagestan Mountain rams on the histostructure of skin and its implications for wool production. Skin samples were collected from purebred Dagestan Mountain sheep and its cross with the Russian meat merino sheep for biopsy. Each layer of skin tissue has its own characteristics, which determine the level and quality of wool productivity. Results revealed notable differences in skin composition between the two groups, particularly in the thickness of the pilar and reticular layers. Purebred sheep exhibited a higher percentage of pilar layer thickness relative to total skin thickness compared to purebreds, indicating potential improvements in mechanical properties. Histological examination showed variations in hair follicle density, with crossbred rams demonstrating the highest follicle density. Genetic influences on skin histology were inferred from observed differences in histological parameters. These findings have practical implications for the processing enterpises in Russia, Kazakhstan, and other countries where sheep farming is actively growing. Understanding these histological differences contributes valuable insights to optimize sheep breeding practices and maximize wool productivity.
Use of plant raw materials in the production of dairy products
Authors: Naumenko N V , Radkevich A V , Fatkullin R I , Kalinina I V
Published: November 2024

Today, the development of the food industry is aimed at creating balanced products that have beneficial properties for the human body in the long term. As one of these approaches, the use of sprouted plant raw materials (barley grains) in fermented milk products – yoghurts – can be proposed. The proposed plant raw materials have a number of useful properties: total antioxidant activity (136 ± 4) DPPH%, flavonoid content (96 ± 5) %, polyphenols (125 ± 4) %, and also contains a large amount of dietary fiber and minerals. The most effective way is to add the vegetable raw ingredient after the fermentation process and the formation of a product clot. The addition of the plant ingredient was carried out in quantities of 1, 2 and 3%. A direct relationship was noted between the amount of added additive and the degree of syneresis; application in larger quantities partially worsens the syneresis properties of the fermented milk product, and the viscosity of yogurt also slightly decreases. At the same time, a positive effect on the development of microflora of fermented milk products was noted, the presence of Streptococcus thermophilus in the form of mono-, diplo- and streptococcal forms was revealed.
Examples of topologically unknotted tori
Authors: Juhász András , Powell Mark
Published: November 2024

We show that certain smooth tori with group

Z

\mathbb {Z}

in

S
4

S^4

have exteriors with standard equivariant intersection forms, and so are topologically unknotted. These include the turned 1-twist-spun tori in the 4-sphere constructed by Boyle, the union of the genus one Seifert surface of Cochran and Davis that has no slice derivative with a ribbon disc, and tori with precisely four critical points whose middle level set is a 2-component link with vanishing Alexander polynomial. This gives evidence towards the conjecture that all

Z

\mathbb {Z}

-surfaces in

S
4

S^4

are topologically unknotted, which is open for genus one and two. It is unclear whether these tori are smoothly unknotted, except for tori with four critical points whose middle level set is a split link. The double cover of

S
4

S^4

branched along any of these surfaces is a potentially exotic copy of

S
2

×

S
2

S^2 \times S^2

, and, in the case of turned twisted tori, we show they cannot be distinguished from

S
2

×

S
2

S^2 \times S^2

using Seiberg–Witten invariants.
An upper bound of the Hausdorff dimension of singular vectors on affine subspaces
Authors: Shah Nimish , Yang Pengyu
Published: November 2024

In Diophantine approximation, the notion of singular vectors was introduced by Khintchine in the 1920’s. We study the set of singular vectors on an affine subspace of

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

. We give an upper bound of its Hausdorff dimension in terms of the Diophantine exponent of the parameter of the affine subspace.
Endomorphisms of varieties and Bott vanishing
Authors: Kawakami Tatsuro , Totaro Burt
Published: November 2024

We show that a projective variety with an int-amplified endomorphism of degree invertible in the base field satisfies Bott vanishing. This is a new way to analyze which varieties have nontrivial endomorphisms. In particular, we extend some classification results on varieties admitting endomorphisms (for Fano threefolds of Picard number one and several other cases) to any characteristic. The classification results in characteristic zero are due to Amerik–Rovinsky–Van de Ven, Hwang–Mok, Paranjape–Srinivas, Beauville, and Shao–Zhong. Our method also bounds the degree of morphisms into a given variety. Finally, we relate endomorphisms to global

F
F

-regularity.
The TOG5 domain of CKAP5 is required to interact with F-actin and promote microtubule advancement in neurons
Authors: Cammarata Garrett M , Erdogan Burcu , Sabo Jan , Kayaer Yusuf , Dujava Zdimalova Michaela , Engström Filip , Gupta Urvika , Senel Jasming , O'Brien Tara , Sibanda Chiedza , Thawani Akanksha , Folker Eric S , Braun Marcus , Lansky Zdenek , Lowery Laura A
Published: November 2024

Microtubule (MT) and F-actin cytoskeletal cross-talk and organization are important aspects of axon guidance mechanisms, but how associated proteins facilitate this function remains largely unknown. While the MT-associated protein, CKAP5 (XMAP215/ch-TOG), has been best characterized as a MT polymerase, we have recently highlighted a novel role for CKAP5 in facilitating interactions between MT and F-actin in vitro and in embryonic Xenopus laevis neuronal growth cones. However, the mechanism by which it does so is unclear. Here, using in vitro reconstitution assays coupled with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we report that the TOG5 domain of CKAP5 is necessary for its ability to bind to and bundle actin filaments, as well as to cross-link MTs and F-actin in vitro. Additionally, we show that this novel MT/F-actin cross-linking function of CKAP5 is possible even in MT polymerase–incompetent mutants of CKAP5 in vivo. Indeed, CKAP5 requires both MT and F-actin binding, but not MT polymerization, to promote MT-F-actin alignment in growth cones and axon outgrowth. Taken together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into how MT populations penetrate the growth cone periphery through CKAP5-facilitated interaction with F-actin during axon outgrowth and guidance.
Historical Background and Judicial Reforms under Xi Jinping
Authors: He Xin
Published: November 2024

Chapter 1 provides an incisive introduction to the Chinese courts, offering a detailed analysis of their structures and recent reforms. It delves into the historical development of the judicial system, emphasizing the critical contributions of past Supreme People’s Court (SPC) presidents, including Xiao Yang and Wang Shengjun. The chapter identifies the major challenges that the judiciary faced before Xi Jinping and outlines the goals, components, and implications of the ongoing reforms. It also examines the complex political and social environment that has shaped the evolution of China’s judicial reforms over the last four decades. Overall, Chapter 1 lays a strong foundation for subsequent chapters by providing a clear and compelling overview of the courts’ transformation and the factors driving it.
The Courts’ Role in Alternative Dispute Resolution
Authors: He Xin
Published: November 2024

Chapter 7 investigates the Chinese courts’ involvement in alternative dispute resolution (ADR), with a focus on mediation and arbitration. Actively participating in mediation, the courts address concerns related to efficiency, stability, and legitimacy. Despite due process and equality challenges, mediation continues to be prevalent and favored. In mediating settlements, judges uses various tactics, such as “repression,” “conversion,” and “facilitation” of claims. Conversely, the courts’ approach to arbitration adheres to international best practices, since the courts are seeking to establish China as arbitration-friendly jurisdiction, given the importance of foreign investment and trade. This disparity underscores the Party’s diverse policy priorities and strategies for enhancing judicial legitimacy.
Trends in Blood Pressure Control among US Adults With Hypertension, 2013–2014 to 2021–2023
Authors: Hardy Shakia T , Jaeger Byron C , Foti Kathryn , Ghazi Lama , Wozniak Gregory , Muntner Paul
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Prior studies have reported a decrease in the proportion of US adults with hypertension who had controlled blood pressure (BP).

METHODS

We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 25,128, ≥18 years of age) to determine changes in BP control from 2013–2014 to 2021–2023. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or antihypertensive medication use. BP control was defined as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg.

RESULTS

The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (95% CI) was 32.8% (31.2%–34.4%) in 2013–2014 and 32.0% (30.1%–33.9%) in 2021–2023. Among US adults with hypertension, the age-adjusted proportion (95% CI) with controlled BP was 54.1% (49.1%–59.2%), 48.6% (44.5%–52.7%), and 48.3% (45.8%–50.8%) in 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2020, respectively, (P-trend = 0.058), and 51.1% (47.9%–54.3%) in 2021–2023 (P-value = 0.184 comparing 2021–2023 vs. 2017–2020). The proportion (95% CI) of US adults taking antihypertensive medication with controlled BP was 72.0% (68.5%–75.5%), 66.7% (62.9%–70.5%), and 67.8% (65.3%–70.3%) in 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2020, respectively, (P-trend = 0.085), and 68.3% (64.8%–71.9%) in 2021–2023 (P-value = 0.654 comparing 2021–2023 vs. 2017–2020). Among non-Hispanic Black adults, BP control increased from 37.4% (95% CI 33.6%–41.1%) to 49.6% (95% CI 42.3%–56.9%) between 2017–2020 and 2021–2023 for those with hypertension (P-value = 0.005), and from 52.6% (95% CI 47.4%–57.8%) to 62.6% (95% CI 55.6%–69.7%) for those taking antihypertensive medication (P-value = 0.033). There was no difference in BP control across race/ethnicity groups in 2021–2023.

CONCLUSIONS

The decline in BP control from 2013–2014 to 2017–2020 did not continue through 2021–2023. An increase in BP control occurred from 2017–2020 and 2021–2023 among non-Hispanic Black adults.
Predicting disease-associated microbes based on similarity fusion and deep learning
Authors: Chen Hailin , Chen Kuan
Published: November 2024

Increasing studies have revealed the critical roles of human microbiome in a wide variety of disorders. Identification of disease-associated microbes might improve our knowledge and understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment. Computational prediction of microbe-disease associations would provide helpful guidance for further biomedical screening, which has received lots of research interest in bioinformatics. In this study, a deep learning-based computational approach entitled SGJMDA is presented for predicting microbe-disease associations. Specifically, SGJMDA first fuses multiple similarities of microbes and diseases using a nonlinear strategy, and extracts feature information from homogeneous networks composed of the fused similarities via a graph convolution network. Second, a heterogeneous microbe-disease network is built to further capture the structural information of microbes and diseases by employing multi-neighborhood graph convolution network and jumping knowledge network. Finally, potential microbe-disease associations are inferred through computing the linear correlation coefficients of their embeddings. Results from cross-validation experiments show that SGJMDA outperforms 6 state-of-the-art computational methods. Furthermore, we carry out case studies on three important diseases using SGJMDA, in which 19, 20, and 11 predictions out of their top 20 results are successfully checked by the latest databases, respectively. The excellent performance of SGJMDA suggests that it could be a valuable and promising tool for inferring disease-associated microbes.
School Social Worker Perspectives on Faculty Performance Evaluations
Authors: Horton Karla B , Herrera Sarah E
Published: November 2024

The National Evaluation Framework for School Social Work Practice is an evaluation tool developed over a decade ago to provide clarity and guidance on how to evaluate the roles and duties of school social workers (SSWers). As SSWers have varying roles and responsibilities in different school ecosystems, the need to use a valid and reliable measurement is important as performance evaluations can influence the fidelity of prevention and intervention methods, needed duties at Tiers 1–3, compensation, and job stability. The participants completed an online survey with open-ended items and Likert scale items. The results revealed four themes: (1) the differing roles of SSWers at all levels of the school ecosystem, (2) unclear performance expectations, (3) support and well-being and work-related stress, and (4) resources needed for work performance. This article also provides implications for future practice and research on training, the implementation of the National Evaluation Framework School Social Work Practice, and leadership in the school ecosystem and school district.