bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Two-Body Currents on Magnetic Dipole Moments of Nuclei
Authors: Miyagi T. , Cao X. , Seutin R. , Bacca S. , Ruiz R. F. Garcia , Hebeler K. , Holt J. D. , Schwenk A.
Published: June 2024

We investigate the effects of two-body currents on magnetic dipole moments of medium-mass and heavy nuclei using the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group with chiral effective field theory interactions and currents. Focusing on near doubly magic nuclei from oxygen to bismuth, we have found that the leading two-body currents globally improve the agreement with experimental magnetic moments. Moreover, our results show the importance of multishell effects for Ca41, which suggest that the Z=N=20 gap in Ca40 is not as robust as in Ca48. The increasing contribution of two-body currents in heavier systems is explained by the operator structure of the center-of-mass dependent Sachs term.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum Hall effect in InAsSb quantum wells at elevated temperatures
Authors: Bal M. E. , Cheah E. , Lei Z. , Schott R. , Lehner C. A. , Engelkamp H. , Wegscheider W. , Zeitler U.
Published: June 2024

We have characterized the electronic properties of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system in modulation doped InAsSb quantum wells and compare them to InSb quantum wells grown in a similar fashion. Using temperature-dependent Shubnikov-de Haas experiments as well as FIR transmission, we find an effective mass of m*≈0.022me, which is lower than in the investigated InSb quantum well, but due to a rather strong confinement still higher than in the corresponding bulk compound. The effective g-factor was determined to be g*≈24.1. These results are also corroborated by k·p band structure calculations. When spin polarizing the electrons in a tilted magnetic field, the g-factor is significantly enhanced by electron-electron interactions, reaching a value as large as g*=60 at a spin polarization P=0.75. Finally, we show that due to the low effective mass, the quantum Hall effect in our particular sample can be observed up to a temperature of 60 K.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Syntheses and crystal structures of the five- and sixfold coordinated complexes diisoselenocyanatotris(2-methylpyridine N-oxide)cobalt(II) and diisoselenocyanatotetrakis(2-methylpyridine N-oxide)cobalt(II)
Authors: Näther Christian , Jess Inke
Published: June 2024

The reaction of CoBr2, KNCSe and 2-methylpyridine N-oxide (C6H7NO) in ethanol leads to the formation of crystals of [Co(NCSe)2(C6H7NO)3] (1) and [Co(NCSe)2(C6H7NO)4] (2) from the same reaction mixture. The asymmetric unit of 1 is built up of one CoII cation, two NCSe− isoselenocyanate anions and three 2-methylpyridine N-oxide coligands, with all atoms located on general positions. The asymmetric unit of 2 consists of two cobalt cations, four isoselenocanate anions and eight 2-methylpyridine N-oxide coligands in general positions, because two crystallographically independent complexes are present. In compound 1, the CoII cations are fivefold coordinated to two terminally N-bonded anionic ligands and three 2-methylpyridine N-oxide coligands within a slightly distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination, forming discrete complexes with the O atoms occupying the equatorial sites. In compound 2, each of the two complexes is coordinated to two terminally N-bonded isoselenocyanate anions and four 2-methylpyridine N-oxide coligands within a slightly distorted cis-CoN2O4 octahedral coordination geometry. In the crystal structures of 1 and 2, the complexes are linked by weak C—H...Se and C—H...O contacts. Powder X-ray diffraction reveals that neither of the two compounds were obtained as a pure crystalline phase.
Numerical investigation and performance comparison of UAV propeller with varying duct configuration
Authors: R. Jagan Raj , G. Gowtham
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of propeller thrust with two different duct configurations. Propellers in a quadcopter play an indispensable role in generating the necessary thrust and torque to keep the drone flying and manoeuvring. Based on the specific purpose of the unmanned aerial vehicle, both the altitude and attitude can be varied by the amount of thrust produced.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper deals with the generation of three numerical models such as plain rotor, rotor with fixed duct and rotor with rotating duct and the comparison of their amount of generated thrust. The plain rotor numerical analysis was compared with the experimental results. The rotor taken for the analysis was 15 mm*5.5 mm TAROT 650. Thrust was measured for all models at four different angular speeds, such as 2,500 rpm, 4,000 rpm, 5,500 rpm and 7,000 rpm.

Findings

Due to the suction pressure gradient on the duct inlet surface, the additional amount of lift is produced, and it is the best way of increasing propulsion efficiency and its aerodynamic performance as it reduces the tip loss at the tip of the propeller. The turbulence model taken for the numerical analysis wask−ε.

Originality/value

The rotating duct is expected to provide additional thrust by the increased upward force due to the rotation of duct. The rotating duct produced the optimal results between the plain model and ducted model. At the highest speed of 7,000 rpm, the ducted propeller produced 24.97 N, and the rotating duct propeller produced 23.89 N, whereas the plain propeller produced 23 N thrust. Nearly 8.6% of the thrust improvement is observed in duct and 3.87% in rotating duct.
Assessing the accountability mechanisms in the 2015 Nepal earthquakes housing reconstruction: a case study of Bungamati, Lalitpur Metropolitan city, Nepal
Authors: Rimal Govind Bahadur , Koedsin Werapong , Techato Kuaanan , Rimal Naresh N.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This research examined the accountability measures put into practice during the housing reconstruction following the 2015 Nepal earthquakes. Additionally, it aimed to identify gaps in accountability practices and suggest approaches for improving their efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology encompassed a qualitative approach. Around 30 research participants were selected for in-depth interviews using a purposive sampling strategy to ensure data richness and relevance. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and then iteratively analysed using thematic framework analysis. This analytical technique involved identifying recurrent themes and patterns within the transcriptions of the participants' articulation.

Findings

The study showed the pivotal role of meetings and interactive forums in promoting transparency and disseminating vital information during housing reconstruction. Additionally, it underscored the contributions of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) in information dissemination within affected communities. Policy challenges centre on identifying vulnerable populations, local support mechanisms and contextualizing reconstruction policies, specifically focusing on urban heritage settlements. Strengthening local service delivery and complaint mechanisms, capacity building and defining the roles and responsibilities of actors and beneficiaries are suggestive measures for a participatory and inclusive reconstruction process.

Originality/value

Research holds distinctive value due to its recent inception and its focus on both the subject matter and the specific geographical context. It contributes novel insights into the principles and practices of accountability mechanisms during the housing reconstruction process following a major disaster.
Yoorrook: truth telling in the Victorian Treaty process
Authors: Moore Kevin James , Stanton Pauline , Fan Shea X. , Rose Mark , Jones Mark
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore this process through reviewing key reports and literature through an Indigenous standpoint lens. We identify three key challenges facing the Yoorrook Commission in its journey. First, the continued resistance of influential sections of the Australian community to look backwards and accept responsibility for the violence of the colonial project. Second, the trauma facing those who speak out and remember and the real danger of expectations dashed. Third, the continuance of the colonial pandemic and underlying and invisible racism that infects and poisons all Australians.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper has drawn on key literature and secondary data through an Indigenous Lens.

Findings

We identify three challenges facing Yoorrook. First, the resistance of influential sections of the Australian community to accept responsibility for the violence of the colonial project. Second, the trauma facing those who speak out and remember and the danger of expectations dashed. Third, the continuance of underlying and invisible racism that infects and poisons the hearts and minds of non-Indigenous Australia. Despite these challenges we argue that the ability of Yoorrook to capture the lived experience of First Peoples in Victoria and the ability to hold key government officials to account presents a unique opportunity to advance the self determination of all First Peoples in Australia.

Originality/value

This is the first Treaty in Victoria and there has been no study of it before.
Exploring the effects of digital transformation from a dual (internal vs external) marketing management perspective
Authors: Sestino Andrea , Leoni Emanuele , Gastaldi Luca
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper sheds light on the factors facilitating the digital transformation (DT) of companies, examining the empirical evidence according to a new and original dual lens: the internal and external marketing management perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Through an explorative research design based on semi-structured interviews, we investigate the perceptions of some managers involved in managing the DT of their own companies.

Findings

The findings, organized from an internal and external marketing perspective, show how DT requires efforts in nurturing: (1) its organizational and cultural nature; (2) new managerial skills and e-leadership. These factors activate DT as an accelerator of (3) production processes and service provision and (4) competitive strategies.

Practical implications

Our findings underscore critical practical implications for organizations embarking on a DT journey. Firstly, managers should prioritize creating a culture that encourages employees to embrace change and technology. Secondly, recognizing the importance of new managerial skills and e-leadership, managers need to invest in developing the expertise to effectively lead DT efforts. The related skills encompass digital literacy, change management and the ability to inspire and guide teams through the complexities of a DT.

Originality/value

This paper suggests that organizations should holistically approach DT, focusing on culture, leadership and strategic deployment of digital tools. The proposed dual lens offers a valuable and simple answer for academics and practitioners to effectively frame the internal dynamics and external factors shaping DT.
What kind of urban brand ecology attracts talent best? Grey configuration analysis of 98 Chinese cities
Authors: Dong Zhaohu , Jiang Peng , Dai Zongli , Chi Rui
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Talent is a key resource for urban development, and building and disseminating urban brands have an important impact on attracting talent. This paper explores what kind of urban brand ecology (UBE) can effectively enhance urban talent attraction (UTA). We explore this question using a novel grey quantitative configuration analysis (GQCA) model.

Design/methodology/approach

To develop the GQCA model, grey clustering is combined with qualitative configuration analysis (QCA). We conducted comparative configuration analysis of UTA using fuzzy set QCA (fsQCA) and the proposed GQCA.

Findings

We find that the empirical results of fsQCA may contradict the facts, and that the proposed GQCA effectively solves this problem.

Practical implications

Based on the theory of UBE, we identify bottleneck factors for improving UTA at different stages. Seven configuration paths are described for cities to enhance UTA. Theoretically, this study expands the application boundaries of UBE.

Originality/value

The proposed GQCA effectively solves the problem of inconsistent analysis and facts caused by the use of a binary threshold by the fsQCA. In practical case studies, the GQCA significantly improves the reliability of configuration comparisons and the sensitivity of QCA to cases, demonstrating excellent research performance.
Financial accessibility and MSME’s labour productivity: evidence from developing countries
Authors: Kumarasamy Durairaj , Singh Prakash , Sharma Akhilesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to re-examine the relationship between financial accessibility and performance of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries using a large database.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses cross-sectional firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprises Survey database collected under Wave II from 2006 to 2019. Controlled for firm level and country level factors, OLS and instrumental variable regressions have been used for analysis. Firm performance has been measured in terms of labour productivity.

Findings

The study observes a positive association between access to finance and MSME performance measured in terms of sales and value-added per worker. Along with firm characteristics (like size, age and managerial experience), country’s development level, institutional quality (i.e. corruption and regulations) and economic openness also impact MSMEs’ productivity.

Practical implications

Strengthening the financial system to allow the financial sector to meet the requirements of MSME finance is very important. Better access to external finance will enable MSMEs to invest in upgrading technology and expanding operations, thus improves their labour productivity. As the MSME sector is vulnerable to economic shocks, policies facilitating their access to formal credit during crises could strengthen resilience.

Social implications

Credit constraint to MSMEs is a multi-stakeholder problem. It requires a coordinated approach from MSME owners, financial institutions and policymakers to address it and enhance the credit flow to the MSME sector. Timely research inputs from academia, research institutions and think tanks may help assess MSMEs promotion policies and their revision if needed.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the effect of access to finance on the labour productivity of MSMEs in developing countries. Given the mixed results in the recent past between access to finance and firm performance, it highlights the critical role of financial accessibility in improving their labour productivity and thus enabling MSMEs to realise their full potential in developing countries.
Analysing the effect of mechanically recycled cotton fibres from pre-consumer wastes on mechanical and fastness properties of knitted fabrics
Authors: Sari Burak , Uzumcu Memik Bunyamin , Ozsahin Kubra
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to investigate the impact of mechanically recycled cotton fibres from pre-consumer waste, blended with virgin cotton at varying ratios, on the mechanical and fastness properties of knitted fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach

Single jersey fabrics were produced using open-end rotor yarns with two different yarn counts, which were made from cotton blends obtained at three different mechanical recycled cotton blend ratios. The fabrics were then comparatively analysed for pilling resistance, bursting strength, dimensional stability, and fastness to perspiration, water, and rubbing. The investigations included fabrics made from 100% virgin cotton to determine the impact of mechanically recycled cotton fibres on the final fabric properties.

Findings

It was observed that using MR-CO at different ratios generally produced results similar to the usage properties obtained when using virgin cotton.

Originality/value

The study looked in detail at the effect of using mechanically recycled cotton (MR-CO) on the yarn properties and the mechanical and colour fastness properties of the fabrics produced using them. It was found that MR-CO has the potential to be an alternative fibre source to virgin cotton, not only mechanically but also in terms of colour fastness. Previous studies have commonly used MR-CO in fixed ratios or by incorporating various fibres into the blend. However, in this study, we determined the suitability of fabrics for their intended use by gradually increasing the MR-CO blend ratios and more clearly assessing the impact of MR-CO on fabric properties.
Does digital transformation foster carbon emissions reduction? Evidence from China’s manufacturing supply chain
Authors: Xu Ying , Jia Fu , Chen Lujie , Wang Yonggui
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Scholars and practitioners have long debated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction via setting double-carbon goals of peak emissions and carbon neutrality in China. Our study, based on dynamic capability and resource dependence theory (RDT), explores whether digital transformation (DT) affects carbon emissions reduction (CER), and the role of operations and supply chain management (OSCM) factors in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples are constructed with 454 A-shared listed manufacturing firms with complete financial data from 2010–2021. Regression models with fixed effects are applied to estimate the potential parameters.

Findings

We find that DT promotes CER. The performance output of CER is strengthened when supplier concentration and customer concentration are high. In contrast, the performance output of CER is weaker when environmental uncertainty is high.

Originality/value

The findings of our study enrich the literature on CER in Chinese manufacturing firms and highlight DT and OSCM factors as important drivers influencing CER practices.
Does the media contribute to raising awareness of organ donation? Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Feldens Tallys Kalynka , Jacinto Paulo de Andrade
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Brazil has the second-biggest transplant system in the world. The organ donation rates, however, are still low. To persuade the population towards the theme, media interventions are broadcast regularly. This article analyses how media intervention in the form of advertising campaigns, telenovelas, and news can raise the rates of organ donations in Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach

We obtained data from the Brazilian Association for Organ Transplantation (ABTO), the Brazilian Health Ministry (HM), the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Globoplay, and other media sources to build a panel with quarterly data from 2009 to 2019, by state. Then we used fixed-effect panel regression models with healthcare supply and demographics as control variables to ascertain the effect of the media variable on organ donations during this period.

Findings

The results indicate that media interventions can increase the number of effective organ donors by up to 1%. The coefficient of media interventions is significant and positive for telenovelas (95% C.I 0.156–0.164), and for news in the following quarter (95% C.I 0.108–0.232), not significant individually for contemporaneous news or government advertising campaigns.

Social implications

Telenovelas and news presentations are effective tools of awareness for organ donation. Empirically, media interventions in the form of telenovelas or news impact organ donation as much as improvements in the healthcare system and can diminish the mortality on the waiting list by 17%.

Originality/value

This is the first time that media coverage and organ donation campaigns are evaluated together using panel data analysis in Brazil.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2023-0221
Rethinking privacy in the Internet of Things: a comprehensive review of consumer studies and theories
Authors: Tudoran Ana Alina
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze and synthesize literature on consumer privacy-related behavior and intelligent device-to-device interactions within the Internet of Things (IoT).

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a systematic review using Elsevier’s Scopus database, focusing on studies published in English from 2000 to 2023. The review targeted articles within selected social sciences and business disciplines, specifically concerning consumer behavior in IoT contexts.

Findings

We categorized the privacy literature into three thematic clusters: legislation and policy, business implications and consumer behavior. Within the consumer behavior cluster, our analysis indicates a shift from general Internet and e-commerce privacy concerns prior to 2016, toward issues related to advertising and policy between 2017 and 2018, and increasingly toward pronounced concerns in technological systems, particularly IoT, from 2019 onwards. We identify eight distinct areas of privacy concern within IoT and propose a framework that links antecedents and privacy concerns to subsequent attitudes and behaviors. This framework highlights varying patterns of information disclosure and bridges theoretical constructs with empirical research in IoT privacy.

Originality/value

Originality lies in enhancing the Antecedents-Privacy Concerns-Outcomes (APCO) macro-model by integrating diverse theoretical perspectives on technological and individual-specific antecedents, alongside privacy concerns and beliefs. This comprehensive integration enriches the framework, enabling it to predict and categorize consumer behavior in IoT environments more effectively. The revised model provides a robust tool for understanding privacy-related behavior within the IoT, significantly enriching its theoretical relevance and practical applicability.
Towards digital transformation and governance in the healthcare sector
Authors: Gupta Shivam , Modgil Sachin , Lopes de Sousa Jabbour Ana Beatriz , Laguir Issam , Stekelorum Rebecca
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Over the last two decades, most organizations have considered technologies to drive digital transformation, and the recent pandemic has brought significant changes in the healthcare sector. Therefore, this study explores the technological nexus in supporting digital transformation as a process to govern the healthcare sector more effectively.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse the impact of ArogyaSetu (a health and wellness app) on India’s digital transformation process. The study involves 212 responses to understand how the app enables digital transformation and its impact on governance, healthcare systems and stakeholders. Additionally, 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted to validate the quantitative study’s findings.

Findings

Referring quantitative part of research design, ArogyaSetu has had a positive impact on the digital transformation of India’s healthcare industry, which has in turn affected stakeholders and improved governance. Moreover, qualitative findings suggest that a governance system like ArogyaSetu can aid in the development of dynamic capabilities within the healthcare system and governance.

Originality/value

This study adds to our understanding of the digital transformation of healthcare by examining it through the lens of dynamic capability. In this framework, “sense” refers to the stakeholders, “seize” the healthcare system and “transform” governance. The study also provides practical implications for managers, academics and government administrators responsible for digital healthcare transformation.
Sectoral performance of Indian stock market during 1st and 2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemic: an event study analysis
Authors: Gupta Vishwas , Agarwal Pinky
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Capital markets are the backbone of an economy. COVID-19 has created an unacceptable and unpredictable economic environment worldwide, resulting in a significant setback for securities exchanges. India also experienced two waves of this pandemic, which led to a significant downturn in the capital market.

Design/Methodology/Approach

Researchers have endeavored to study the impact of the first and second waves of COVID-19 on the performance of various sectoral stocks in India. The performance of selected sectoral indices of the Bombay Stock Exchange was compared with the market performance of the S&P BSE 100. An event study was conducted to analyze the normal return, abnormal return (A.R.), and t-statistics of A.R. for various sectoral stocks. In addition, the abnormal returns of sectoral stocks between the first and second waves of COVID-19 in India were compared

Findings

The results of the tests showed heterogeneous A.R. between different sectors in both the first and second waves of COVID-19 in India. Positive investor outlook and government financial support programs for various sectors helped them recover from the second wave of COVID-19.

Research limitations/implications

The study analyzed the impact of the peak of the first and second waves of COVID-19 on selected sectoral indices. There may be several reasons for the performance of this particular stock index. However, we have tried to analyze the best possible reasons for this turbulence in the performance of stocks of selected sectoral indices. The study can be further analyzed to examine the long-term impact of such a pandemic on other sectors.

Originality/value

The study is based on the panic behavior of investors during such a pandemic. No one was prepared for this and expected this pandemic to last this long. This pandemic has taught so many lessons to everyone involved. Investors need to be prepared and cautious for such unforeseen disasters before making any investment decision. They need to analyze which industry can survive under such circumstances, and then they should invest there. Industries and enterprises must adapt and improve by honestly looking at their weaknesses and trying to meet investors' expectations.
Predicting NFC-based mobile payments usage intention with perceived usefulness as mediator: a dual-stage PLS-SEM and NCA analysis
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Mishra Saroj Kumar , Saini Akanksha
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The increasing prevalence of mobile phones and the ease of cheaper Internet access have accelerated the growth of mobile-based payments in India. The study aims to identify must-have and should-have factors affecting consumers’ usage intention toward “Near-Field Communication (NFC)” based mobile payments.

Design/methodology/approach

The research integrates diffusion innovation theory and the technology acceptance model. Employing a mixed-methods approach, combining partial least square structural equation modeling and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). Thus, the study draws from qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey of 218 respondents.

Findings

The study results indicate that the relative advantage of NFC-based mobile payments over conventional payment modes and security concerns directly affect the intention to use it. However, complexity, transaction speed and ease of use do not affect the intention to use. Moreover, perceived usefulness mediates the relationship between complexity, relative advantage and transaction speed with the intention to use NFC-based mobile payments. Less complexity and ease of use, despite being insignificant determinants as per PLS-SEM, must be focused on as the NCA results indicate its necessity for future market growth.

Originality/value

This research addresses a significant gap by focusing on Indian consumers' intention to use NFC-based mobile payments, an area largely unexplored despite the global and availability of such services. The study distinguishes itself by examining factors influencing adoption within the nascent stage of mobile-based NFC payments in India, where digital growth and technology uptake are gradually unfolding.
The mediating effect of eco-innovation on low-carbon supply chain practices toward manufacturing firm performance in Malaysia
Authors: Shamsul Bahrin Atikah , Mokhtar Ahmad Rais Mohamad , Muhamed Ariff Azly , Kaliani Sundram Veera Pandiyan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a novel approach to examining the connection between several aspects of low-carbon supply chain practices (LCSCPs), eco-innovation (EI) and the performance of manufacturing firms in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study employed a quantitative research strategy, utilizing survey data collected from a sample of 120 manufacturing firms located in Malaysia. The main aim of this study was to analyze the research framework and test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The results of the study indicate that EI has a mediating role in the link between LCSCP and manufacturing firm performance (MFP). EI serves as a mediating factor in the association between MFP and four components of LCSCPs, specifically low-carbon product design, low-carbon process improvement, low-carbon purchasing and low-carbon logistics.

Practical implications

The results of this study hold significant potential for supply chain professionals in their endeavors to decrease carbon emissions. Practitioners can help eliminate carbon footprints (CFs) by selecting the right LCSCP techniques that support EI and MFP. When creating low-carbon management methods in supply chain management (SCM), practitioners must take into account the potential mediating role of EI.

Originality/value

To date, this work is one of the first efforts to investigate the role of EI as a mediator between LCSCP and MFP. Moreover, this research adds to the existing knowledge and improves understanding of how low-carbon development is being implemented in Malaysia, with the ultimate objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.
Dynamics of leadership, interpersonal relations and commitment to change in the Tunisian healthcare context: toward effective transformation of healthcare institutions?
Authors: Bentaleb Dorsaf
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This article aims to elucidate the effect of transformational leadership on commitment to change, assuming the existence of mediating variables (Leader–Member Exchange) influencing this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through a survey based on a sample of 240 observations (Tunisian context with respondents from the healthcare sector). These findings were processed using SPSS and AMOS 23 software, employing exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

Research results affirm that leader–member exchange plays a mediating role between leadership styles and commitment to change.

Research limitations/implications

Methodologically, the sample choice lacked diversity. Only hospitals were encompassed in this study. Hence, the generalizability of the results might be questioned. It is crucial to acknowledge that outcomes could vary based on culture and organizational type (Yu et al., 2002; Hechanova and Cementina-Olpoc, 2013). Moreover, our assessment of commitment to change relies on a unidimensional measurement scale focused on affective commitment. However, a multidimensional approach (Herscovitch and Meyer, 2002) could provide a more detailed understanding of the relationship between transformational leadership and different dimensions of commitment to change, including affective, normative and continuance commitment.

Practical implications

On a practical level, the outcomes of this study hold significance for the healthcare domain, especially concerning change management and leadership within healthcare institutions. Grasping how transformational leadership can positively influence commitment to change through leader–member exchange offers healthcare managers concrete strategies to foster employee adherence to change initiatives. This understanding can be particularly crucial in a constantly evolving environment, where practices and protocols need adaptation to meet new requirements and medical advancements.

Originality/value

This research clarifies how transformational leadership influences commitment to change through leader–member exchange. Furthermore, this study guides organizations toward cultivating transformational leaders. The strength of transformational leadership lies in its ability to channel and transform energies to evoke enthusiastic motivation for achieving anticipated goals (Bass, 1985). However, it's pivotal to recognize that transitioning from a manager-directed approach to an empowerment approach presents inherent challenges (Manz et al., 1990). Investing in leadership development, as underscored by this study, can yield tangible enhancements in commitment to change.
Artificial intelligence-driven decision making and firm performance: a quantitative approach
Authors: Giachino Chiara , Cepel Martin , Truant Elisa , Bargoni Augusto
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and decision making in the development of AI-related capabilities. We investigate if and how AI-driven decision making has an impact on firm performance. We also investigate the role played by environmental dynamism in the development of AI capabilities and AI-driven decision making.

Design/methodology/approach

We surveyed 346 managers in the United States using established scales from the literature and leveraged p modelling to analyse the data.

Findings

Results indicate that AI-driven decision making is positively related to firm performance and that big data-powered AI positively influences AI-driven decision making. Moreover, there is a positive relationship between big data-powered AI and the development of AI capability within a firm. It is also found that the control variables of firm size and age do not significantly affect firm performance. Finally, environmental dynamism does not have a positive and significant moderating effect on the path connecting big data-powered AI and AI-driven decision making, while it exerts a positive moderating effect on the development of AI capability to strengthen AI-driven decision making.

Originality/value

These findings extend the resource-based view by highlighting the capabilities developed within the firm to manage big data-powered AI. This research also provides theoretically grounded guidance to managers wanting to align their AI-driven decision making with superior firm performance.
How hospitality businesses can entice older workers to resolve the sector’s employment crisis
Authors: Brown Penny
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse how hospitality businesses can entice older workers to resolve the sector’s employment crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a viewpoint article looking at the benefits of older workers in hospitality.

Findings

The UK’s vast pool of over-50s candidates can help resolve the hospitality sector’s employment crisis. Not only can they offer a range of skills, knowledge and experience to bolster the workforce, their presence can increase diversity, add gravitas and provide mentoring opportunities for younger employees. To attract and retain these workers, however, businesses may need to review employment policies and procedures, revise recruitment strategies and prioritise fostering a culture of inclusivity where employees of all ages feel supported.

Originality/value

This paper is researched and written by Penny Brown.
Tourism and passenger air transport: a Horizon 2050 paper
Authors: Lohmann Gui , Peres de Oliveira Renan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Tourism is integral to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and is closely linked to air transport. This paper aims to explore their relationship, emphasising impacts on accessibility, connectivity and collaborative efforts between airlines, destination management organisations and stakeholders. Improved air transport contributes to tourism-led growth, economic development, job creation and cultural exchange. However, environmental challenges prompt innovation with cleaner technologies and sustainable aviation fuels.

Design/methodology/approach

Opinion piece.

Findings

Linking aviation and tourism to the UN SDGs, the paper showcases contributions done to date to environmental, social and economic aspects. The paper suggests a focused strategy for aviation to align more closely with the UN SDGs. Actions such as exploring alternative fuels, prioritising energy-efficient aircraft, addressing local impacts and fostering global collaboration are crucial in addressing gender disparities for a more inclusive future.

Originality/value

This piece examines air transport developments from 1946 to 2020, revealing transformative periods marked by regulatory agreements, technological advancements and sustainability initiatives. The paper also addresses COVID-19 impacts, highlighting vulnerabilities, resilience and lessons for adaptability and sustainability.
Automatic evaluation of Nail Psoriasis Severity Index using deep learning algorithm
Authors: Paik Kyungho , Kim Bo Ri , Youn Sang Woong
Published: June 2024

Nail psoriasis is a chronic condition characterized by nail dystrophy affecting the nail matrix and bed. The severity of nail psoriasis is commonly assessed using the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), which evaluates the characteristics and extent of nail involvement. Although the NAPSI is numeric, reproducible, and simple, the assessment process is time‐consuming and often challenging to use in real‐world clinical settings. To overcome the time‐consuming nature of NAPSI assessment, we aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm that can rapidly and reliably evaluate NAPSI, thereby providing numerous clinical and research advantages. We developed a dataset consisting of 7054 single fingernail images cropped from images of the dorsum of the hands of 634 patients with psoriasis. We annotated the eight features of the NAPSI in a single nail using bounding boxes and trained the YOLOv7‐based deep learning algorithm using this annotation. The performance of the deep learning algorithm (DLA) was evaluated by comparing the NAPSI estimated using the DLA with the ground truth of the test dataset. The NAPSI evaluated using the DLA differed by 2 points from the ground truth in 98.6% of the images. The accuracy and mean absolute error of the model were 67.6% and 0.449, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.876, indicating good agreement. Our results showed that the DLA can rapidly and accurately evaluate the NAPSI. The rapid and accurate NAPSI assessment by the DLA is not only applicable in clinical settings, but also provides research advantages by enabling rapid NAPSI evaluations of previously collected nail images.
From Archives to the Classroom: Using Religious Archives to Promote Religious Literacy and Toleration amongst European Young People
Authors: Maiden John
Published: June 2024

This article examines the thinking behind the Religious Toleration and Peace (RETOPEA) project, and specifically the construction of a digital archive of sources concerning religious diversity in Europe and beyond, past and present. It argues that European young people tend to accept Enlightenment assumptions about the past and ‘religious conflict’ and that their views of religious history are shaped by ‘presentism’. The article explores RETOPEA's approach to selecting, preparing, and curating a digital archive which presents to young people a fuller picture of both religious intolerance and tolerance in the past, and which enables them to think ‘with’ history rather than assume simplistic lessons from the past.
Effect of Streptococcus thermophilus extract on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum acidification and propagation in milk fermentation
Authors: Wang Kun , Ma Chengjie
Published: June 2024

The probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum could not independently ferment milk to form yoghurt. In this study, the effect of Streptococcus thermophilus extract on the acidification and propagation capabilities of L. plantarum during milk fermentation was investigated. The results showed that the addition of S. thermophilus crude cell extract significantly shortened the fermentation time and promoted the propagation of L. plantarum. Moreover, the addition of 0.2% S. thermophilus cell extract resulted in a higher acidification rate (final pH: 4.53) at 72 h of fermentation and a higher L. plantarum cell count (log 8.31 cfu/g) at 24 h of fermentation at 37°C. It was speculated that the presence of amino acids and free nucleotides in S. thermophilus lysate might have played an indispensable role during milk fermentation by L. plantarum. This study provided a novel strategy for utilising L. plantarum to ferment milk without using exogenous food ingredients.
Association of neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratios with inflammation and survival in Mexican patients on chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Chávez Valencia Venice , Orizaga de la Cruz Citlalli , Lagunas‐Rangel Francisco A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are markers of systemic inflammatory status. The relationship between NLR, PLR, and mortality is controversial among hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Objective

Evaluate NLR and PLR in the prediction of mortality in chronic HD patients.

Materials and methods

We analyzed 130 patients with a follow‐up for 66 months. Four groups were established according to NLR–PLR values. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used.

Results

NLR–PLR correlated positively with C‐reactive protein. Cox regression analysis for overall mortality among the four groups included age (HR 1.027, 95% CI 1.003–1.053) and albumin (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.073–0.85). For cardiovascular (CV) mortality only pulse pressure differential (PPD) was included (HR 1.033; 95% CI 1.014–1.052). Low NLRs and high PLRs were associated with CV mortality (Log Rank test, p = 0.033).

Conclusions

Low NLRs and high PLRs predict the risk of CV mortality among HD patients.
Comparative metabolic profiling of the mycelium and fermentation broth of Penicillium restrictum from Peucedanum praeruptorum rhizosphere
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Liao Ranran , Pan Haoyu , Wang Xuejun , Wan Xiaoting , Han Bangxing , Song Cheng
Published: June 2024

Microorganisms in the rhizosphere, particularly arbuscular mycorrhiza, have a broad symbiotic relationship with their host plants. One of the major fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Peucedanum praeruptorum is Penicillium restrictum. The relationship between the metabolites of P. restrictum and the root exudates of P. praeruptorum is being investigated. The accumulation of metabolites in the mycelium and fermentation broth of P. restrictum was analysed over different fermentation periods. Non‐targeted metabolomics was used to compare the differences in intracellular and extracellular metabolites over six periods. There were significant differences in the content and types of mycelial metabolites during the incubation. Marmesin, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of coumarins, was found in the highest amount on the fourth day of incubation. The differential metabolites were screened to obtain 799 intracellular and 468 extracellular differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the highly enriched extracellular metabolic pathways were alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. In addition, the enrichment analysis associated with intracellular and extracellular ATP‐binding cassette transporter proteins revealed that some ATP‐binding cassette transporters may be involved in the transportation of certain amino acids and carbohydrates. Our results provide some theoretical basis for the regulatory mechanisms between the rhizosphere and the host plant and pave the way for the heterologous production of furanocoumarin.
Crafting effective regulatory policies for psychedelics: What can be learned from the case of cannabis?
Authors: Andrews Christina M. , Hall Wayne , Humphreys Keith , Marsden John
Published: June 2024

The turn of the century brought a resurgence of interest in psychedelics as a treatment for addiction and other psychiatric conditions, accompanied by extensive positive media attention and private equity investment. Government regulatory bodies in Australia, Israel, Canada and the United States now permit use of psychedelics for medical purposes. In the United States, citizen action and corporate financing have led to petitions and ballot initiatives to legalize psilocybin and other psychedelics for medical and recreational use. Given this momentum, policymakers must grapple with important questions that define whether and how psychedelics are made available to the public, as well as how companies produce and promote them. The current push to broaden the production, sale, and use of psychedelics bears many parallels to the movement to legalize cannabis in the United States and other nations—most notably, the use of poorly‐evidenced therapeutic claims to create a de facto recreational market via the health care system. Experience with cannabis highlights the value of debating the question of legalization for nonmedical use as such rather than misrepresenting it as a medical issue. The lessons of cannabis policy also suggest a need to challenge hyping of psychedelic research findings; to promote rigorous clinical research on dosing and potency; to minimize the influence of for‐profit industry in shaping policies to their economic advantage; and to coordinate federal, state, and local governments to regulate the manufacture, sale and distribution of psychedelic drugs (regardless of whether they are legalized for medical and/or recreational use).
Flavonoids and post haemorrhoidectomy recovery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pitesa Renato , Yuen Wai Yan (Rachel) , Hill Andrew G.
Published: June 2024

Background

Haemorrhoidectomy is the gold standard for definitive treatment of high‐grade symptomatic haemorrhoids but is often associated with substantial pain. This systematic review aims to explore the potential of flavonoids in alleviating the postoperative symptom burden following excisional haemorrhoidectomy.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42023472711). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from inception to 1st December 2023 were retrieved. The primary outcome investigated was post‐operative pain. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1.

Results

Ten articles with 775 patients were included. The meta‐analysis identified statistically significant decreases in post‐operative pain in favour of the flavonoid groups (Standardized Mean Difference −0.66 [95% confidence intervals (CI) −0.82, −0.52]; P < 0.00001), and bleeding (Odds Ratio 0.13 [95% CI 0.09, 0.19]; P < 0.00001).

Conclusion

Flavonoids show promise as a means of reducing pain associated with excisional haemorrhoidectomy. Further research is required to investigate topical routes of administration and standardize regimes.