bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financing of Immunization Programs by Local Government Units in Poland as an Element of Health Policy
Authors: Augustynowicz Anna , Borowska Mariola , Lewtak Katarzyna , Borowicz Jacek , Waszkiewicz Michał , Karakiewicz Beata , Opolski Janusz , Banaś Tomasz , Czerw Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The scope and schedule of immunization in Poland is regulated by the Immunization Programme prepared and announced by the State Sanitary Inspector. There are two kinds of vaccines: compulsory vaccines, financed by the state budget at the disposal of the Minister of Health, and vaccines recommended by the central health authorities but financed by local governments within health policy programmes. Compulsory vaccines cover people up to 19 years of age and individuals at higher risk of infections. The public health programmes organized and financed by local governments play an important role in infectious disease control in the country. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse health policy programmes including immunization programmes, which were developed, implemented and financed by local government units of all levels in Poland between 2016 and 2019. Material and Methods: This analysis covers data compiled by voivodes and submitted to the Minister of Health as annual information on public health tasks carried out by local government units. From the aggregate information, data on all health policy programmes conducted by individual local government units between 2016 and 2019, including immunization, were extracted and analysed. The data were obtained pursuant to the provisions of the act on access to public information. Results: In the analysed period, local government units implemented a total of 1737 health policy programmes that financed the purchase of vaccines, qualification tests for immunization and carrying out immunization by authorized medical entities. Among the vast majority of programmes, promotional activities were also implemented. Conclusions: In Poland, local governments are deeply engaged in the immunization of their citizens by organizing and financing specific health care programmes. These programmes are an essential addition to the state financial resources in infectious disease control. This engagement expresses local government maturity regarding the health needs of the population and public health measures. Communes are the most engaged units among all levels of local governments. It is probably due to close mutual communication between the people and local governments. The growing awareness of the important role of HPV immunization in the prevention of cervical cancer among local government units is reflected in the increase in the number of girls vaccinated against HPV and the increase in financial resources allocated for primary HPV prevention. The decrease in the number of people vaccinated against pneumococci may result from including pneumococcal vaccines in the compulsory immunization schedule.
COVID-19 Pediatric Vaccine Hesitancy among Racially Diverse Parents in the United States
Authors: Fisher Celia B. , Gray Aaliyah , Sheck Isabelle
Published: December 2021

On 29 October 2021, the U.S. FDA authorized the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine for emergency use in children ages 5–11 years. Racial/ethnic minorities have born the greatest burden of pediatric COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. Research indicates high prevalence of parental vaccine hesitancy among the general population, underscoring the urgency of understanding how race/ethnicity may influence parents’ decision to vaccinate their children. Two weeks prior to FDA approval, 400 Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian, Black, and White parents of children 5–10 years participated in an online survey assessing determinants of COVID-19 pediatric vaccine hesitancy. Compared to 31% Black, 45% Hispanic, and 25% White parents, 62% of Asian parents planned to vaccinate their child. Bivariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression demonstrated race/ethnicity, parental vaccine status, education, financial security, perceived childhood COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, vaccine safety and efficacy concerns, community support, and FDA and physician recommendations accounted for 70.3% of variance for vaccine hesitancy. Findings underscore the importance of multipronged population targeted approaches to increase pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake including integrating health science literacy with safety and efficacy messaging, communication efforts tailored to parents who express unwillingness to vaccinate, and interventions developed in partnership with and delivered through existing trusted community coalitions.
Overexpression of Interleukin-33 in Recombinant Rabies Virus Enhances Innate and Humoral Immune Responses through Activation of Dendritic Cell-Germinal Center Reactions
Authors: Mi Zhizhong , Zhao Ling , Sun Ming , Gao Ting , Wang Yong , Sui Baokun , Li Yingying
Published: December 2021

Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), and its mortality rate is as high as 100%. Globally, an average of 60,000 people die from rabies each year. The most effective method to prevent and limit rabies is vaccination, but it is currently expensive and inefficient, consisting of a 3-dose series of injections and requiring to be immunized annually. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a single dose of long-acting rabies vaccine. In this study, recombinant rabies virus (rRABV) overexpressing interleukin-33 (IL-33) was constructed and designated as rLBNSE-IL33, and its effect was evaluated in a mouse model. The results showed that rLBNSE-IL33 could enhance the quick production of RABV-induced immune antibodies as early as three days post immunization (dpi) through the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), a component of the innate immune system. Furthermore, rLBNSE-IL33 induced high-level virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) production that persisted for 8 weeks by regulating the T cell-dependent germinal center (GC) reaction, thus resulting in better protection against rabies. Our data suggest the IL-33 is a novel adjuvant that could be used to enhance innate and humoral immune responses by activating the DC-GC reaction, and thus, rLBNSE-IL33 could be developed as a safe and effective vaccine for animals.
Comparison between Histological Features and Strain Elastographic Characteristics in Canine Mammary Carcinomas
Authors: Pastor Nieves , Espadas Lorena , Santella Massimo , Ezquerra Luis Javier , Tarazona Raquel , Durán María Esther
Published: December 2021

Elastography is a sonographic technique that provides a noninvasive evaluation of the stiffness of a lesion. The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of strain elastography, the most accessible modality in clinical practice, to discriminate between different histological types of malignant mammary neoplasms in the canine species, which can provide complementary information in real time to the diagnosis and thus help in the choice of surgical technique. A total of 34 females with 56 mammary carcinomas were selected and classified into three histological groups according to their aggressiveness. The histological and elastographic characteristics of these malignant tumors were analyzed and compared to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of strain elastography. Visual score presented a sensitivity of 88.0%, specificity of 58.1%, and accuracy of 71.43% in distinguishing the most aggressive group of carcinomas. The strain ratio had a sensitivity of 84.0%, specificity of 61.1%, and accuracy of 69.64%. On the other hand, intratumoral strain ratio obtained a sensitivity of 71.40% and specificity of 61.90% when intratumoral fibrosis was taken as reference, with an accuracy of 66.07%. Similarly, peritumoral strain ratio was also positively related to fibrosis in the periphery of lesions (p ≤ 0.001), with a sensitivity of 93.80%, specificity of 77.50% and an accuracy of 92.87%. In conclusion, accuracy of this elastographic modality can be a useful method to differentiate more aggressive histological types. Therefore, it represents an additional diagnostic technique useful in the daily clinic thanks to the short time required for the examination, which allows real-time visualization and immediate interpretation of the results.
Arjen Y. Hoekstra: A Water Management Researcher to Be Remembered
Authors: Krol Maarten S. , Booij Martijn J. , Hogeboom Rick J. , Karandish Fatemeh , Schyns Joep F. , Wang Ranran
Published: December 2021

On 18 November 2019, the life of Arjen Y [...]
Research on Charging-Discharging Operation Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Different Trip Patterns for Various City Types in China
Authors: Qi Sirui , Lin Zhengchong , Song Junwen , Lin Xinwei , Liu Yan , Ni Meng , Wang Beibei
Published: December 2021

Connecting large numbers of electric vehicles to the power grid creates challenges for the operation of the power distribution network, but also provides a new method for supporting grid operation. This paper considers the trip patterns of electric vehicle users in China, including their trip starting time, traffic congestion, vehicle energy consumption, and other factors. We develop a charging–discharging operation strategy for electric vehicles in different functional areas with the goal of minimizing the cost of distribution network, which considers the distribution patterns of electric vehicles in different functional areas. As different types of cities in China have different proportions of electric vehicle users who follow different travel chains, we provide multiple examples showing the effectiveness of our proposed V2G method in different cities.
“Soft Power„ Instrument in Promoting International Development
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation., Perskaya Victoria V.
Published: December 2021

In the present article the authors substantiate the following thesis: in the context of real polycentrism and increased confrontation between the states with liberal system of values and the states that defend real sovereignty and non-interference in internal affairs of aid-recipient states through a variety of development assistance tools, exceptionally "soft power" can become an effective mechanism of creating conditions for sustainable development of the world community as a whole. In preparing the study the authors applied the methods of historicism and comparative analysis of approaches to the policy of realizing the "soft power" goals.
Methodological Support of the Competitiveness Management of the Machine-Building Complex of the Republic of Belarus on the Basis of the Strategic Business Units Creation
Authors:   Belarussian State University., Bliznyuk Olga S.
Published: December 2021

In the context of a rapidly changing economic reality, the management of large industrial complexes at the macro level has been become increasingly complex and difficult to predict. Directly, the ability to find, create, and combine new and existing conceptual foundations of management policy that have not been used before, but take into account the trends and features of certain socio-economic systems provides an opportunity to develop and create a flexible, adaptive management competitive mechanism that allows, depending on the circumstances, both to re-develop the system from the inside and adjust it to the existing conditions of the macro-environment. Thus, management becomes the main strategic resource that ensures the competitive advantage of the socio-economic system, as well as its’ “survival”, adaptation, transformation and development. The machine-building complex of the Republic of Belarus is an example of a multidimensional volumetric socio-economic system that requires large management costs to increase and strengthen its competitive capabilities and potential. This article is devoted directly to the development of methodological tools for managing the competitiveness of the machine-building complex of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the features and conditions of its functioning.
Transaction Costs in Development and Creation of New Weapons and Military Equipment and the Problems of Their Diversification
Authors:   NRC “Kurchatov Institute” — CRISM “Prometey”, Glibenko Oleg V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines manufacturing process of a product from the life cycle point of view, identifies the key, according to the author, problematics of each life cycle stage. An alternative view of the product creation process from the stage of conception to the moment of its utilization is formulated.
Methodological Approach to Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Digital Projects Applying Internet of Things Platforms
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation., Mishin Aleksandr Yu.
Published: December 2021

One of the key ones and most cost-effective technology from an economic point of view for the real sector is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which is usually provided in the form of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, still does not have its own framework for assessing its economic efficiency. The author proposes a methodological approach based on a combination of classical methods of investment analysis and an architectural approach. From the information point of view the scientific work is based on cost-effectiveness studies of IoT projects, domestic and foreign scientific publications, IT cases and research on taxonomy of IoT platforms. The proposed approach may serve as the basis both for preparation of financial business cases and for facilitating the development of tools for objective assessment of the project initiatives attractiveness as part of implementation of the state digital development programs in Russia.
Budget Subsidies + “Private Concession Initiative” = Stopper for Social Infrastructure Development
Authors:   TRANSPROEKT Group JSC, Maximov Vitaly V. ,   UNECE PPP Business Advisory Board
Published: December 2021

The overwhelming majority of social infrastructure facilities remain in state ownership, requiring special formats for attracting private investment without possibility of disposition and loss of their destination. Mechanism of public-private partnership doesn't leave any other option for such projects, and the "private concession initiative", which has become widespread in recent years, is best suited for projects focused on commercial activities, although this limits its application to social facilities. Non-competitive basis of this format relies on the market offer of the investor, whose rationality does not imply social behavior and whose activity is obviously not intended for budgetary participation. Recently, there has been an increase in cases of government authorities taking commitments on budgetary co-financing of agreements concluded as a result of such initiatives, which is often fraught with systemic violations of budgetary legislation. Connivance of the control-supervisory and judicial authorities results in formation of skewed law enforcement practice, in 36.2% of projects investors receive additional rental income from the budget, objectively not justified. This not only results in budget overpayments, but also devalues competitive formats that were previously quite successful — at present only 1/5 of social projects are concluded through a competitive process.
On Catastrophic Increase in Mortality and Measures to Save the People in Russia
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Aganbegyan Abel G.
Published: December 2021

How is it that in Russia, unlike in other countries, during the coronavirus pandemic the total mortality increased by a record amount and the income and consumption of the population decreased to the greatest extent? The point is that the crisis, caused by the coronavirus pandemic, is completely different from previous ones. It highlights the dilemma: should we use forces and means to prevent an economic recession with lower costs for anti-crisis measures, or focus on saving people's lives while minimizing additional mortality and maintaining real incomes of the population? Each country, depending on objectives, prevailing conditions and opportunities, chooses its “golden mean”. In many cases such choice is not fully conscious, since it's not possible to forecast with any certainty even over the near term. Decisions have to be taken up along the way, based on the situation and assessing the probability of certain events, including in view of the other countries' experience in combating the pandemic.
On the Projects of the RF Central Bank Dedicated to the Financial Market Development
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ershov Mikhail V. , Sokolova Elena Yu. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Tanasova Anna S. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The Bank of Russia in its systemic documents, published in 2020, presents solution of a wide range of topical issues of the Russian financial system and economy related to providing the real sector with long-term money, the lack of which is one of the key factors restraining the growth of investments and the Russian economy for years. However, implementation of measures proposed in the documents may take more than one year until the economy begins to feel their effect. In this regard, it seems important to consider more systemic mechanisms that will allow to expand the volume of long-term money. In particular, we are talking about approaches based on interaction of the national central bank and the national ministry of finance. Besides, more and more countries in the world are actively applying the indicated mechanisms.
Institutional Rent in Metallurgy: Ways of Use
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Blokhin Andrey A. , Dranev Sergey Ya. ,   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the possible use of institutional rent of the largest metallurgical companies associated with their non-market advantages. The author identifies the channels for obtaining such rent, including differences in the tax burden, difference in the rates of involved financial resources for companies operating in different institutional conditions, state support and benefits from peculiarities of the vertical organization of production. Some estimates of institutional rent are obtained and questions are raised about the income and expenses level, fair for the economy, of the companies that receive it. The directions, in which large companies spend the received rent, are highlighted; it is emphasized that withdrawal of "windfall revenues" can be made only after they are compared with non-market expenses of companies, imputed by the state. At the same time, information on such costs is scattered, inaccurate and therefore requires serious assessment and monitoring. The author substantiates an approach wherein the state and big business are interested to seek a mutually beneficial use of the received institutional rent.
2021: the Results of Nine Months — Lost Opportunities Accelerating Socio-Economic Development
Authors:   Institute of Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frenkel Alexander A. , Tikhomirov Boris I. ,   Institute of Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Surkov Anton A. ,   Institute of Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Changing of a conjuncture index of “Economic strategy” (CIES) for nine months of 2021 is considered. The contribution of indicators of supply and demand in CIES is estimated. The analysis of industrial production is carried out.
Максимизация маржинальной прибыли при известных кривых спроса
Authors:   МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, Алешина Анна Валентиновна , Булгаков Андрей Леонидович ,   МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается проблематика оптимизации управления ценообразованием предприятия. Разработана экономико-математическая модель, позволяющая исследовать зависимость маржинальной прибыли от цены на товар при известной зависимости объемов спроса на него от установленной цены. На основе исследования модели получена теоретическая оценка оптимального уровня цены товара, обеспечивающего предприятию максимум маржинальной прибыли от его продаж. Предложено обобщение модели на случай одновременных продаж нескольких товаров. Представлена формализованная постановка задачи совместной оптимизации цен и объемов поставок нескольких видов продукции при наличии ограничений на возможности поставок и финансирование переменных затрат предприятия.
Проблемы развития российской интегрированной системы государственного стратегического планирования
Authors:   Государственный университет управления, Мишин Юрий Владимирович , Мишин Александр Юрьевич ,   Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации
Published: December 2021

Цель данной работы заключается в подготовке предложений по совершенствованию отечественной системы стратегического планирования. В современных условиях важнейшими направлениями дальнейшего его развития являются повышение комплексности, согласованности и обоснованности, а также уровня информационно-аналитического обеспечения. В настоящей работе решены следующие вопросы: 1) в результате анализа российской и советской систем были выявлены основные недостатки и нерешенные организационные и методические проблемы отечественного стратегического планирования; 2) обоснована возможная область использования в плановой работе механизмов программно-целевого управления; 3) предложен комплекс организационно-экономических мер по повышению эффективности функционирования отечественной системы государственного стратегического планирования. Даны конкретные мероприятия по организации в России при Совете Безопасности специального органа управления - государственного комитета по стратегическому развитию.
Utilidad de los métodos diagnósticos en detección de cáncer tiroideo
Authors: Acosta Pérez Rasiel , Hidalgo Martínez Bárbara Dinora , Zambrano Cedeño Carlos Pomerio , Gámez Brito Deiber
Published: December 2021

El cáncer de tiroides es la neoplasia endocrina más frecuente. Con el objetivo de determinar la utilidad de los métodos diagnósticos de cáncer de tiroides se realizó un estudio descriptivo trans- versal con 17 pacientes diagnosticados en el periodo septiembre 2015-2016, en la consulta externa del Hospital Humberto Pozo del cantón Guaranda, provincia de Bolívar. De las historias clínicas se extrajeron los datos: edad, sexo, diagnósticos clínicos, ecográfico, citológico e histológico. Pre- dominó el género femenino, siendo el carcinoma papilar la variante histológica más diagnosticada (70,7%). El grupo de edades más representativo, se encontró entre 51-60 años. El mayor número de cánceres (64,8 %) se diagnosticó en el estadio IV. La sensibilidad para la punción aspiración con aguja fina se ubicó en 94,1% y, las lesiones sólidas en la ecografía predominaron en el 70,6%. Estos resultados permitieron evidenciar que la punción aspiración con aguja fina y la ecografía son procedimientos útiles en la evaluación preoperatoria de la patología tiroidea.

Palabras clave: neoplasia de tiroides, nódulo tiroideo, punción aspiración con aguja fina

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia. In order to determine the usefulness of diagnostic methods for detection of thyroid cancer, a cross-sectional descriptive study was per- formed with 17 patients diagnosed in the period from September 2015 to 2016, at the outpatient clinic Humberto Pozo of canton Guaranda Hospital. Data were extracted from the following clinical records: age, gender, clinical, ultrasound, cytological and histological diagnoses. The female gen- der predominated, papillary carcinoma being the most diagnosed histological variant (70.7%). The group of 51-60 years was the most representative. The largest number of cancers (64.8%) was diagnosed in stage IV. Sensitivity for fine needle aspiration was of 94.1% and solid lesions on ul- trasound predominated in 70.6%. Fine needle aspiration and ultrasonography proved to be useful procedures in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid pathology.

 Key words: Thyroid neoplasias, thyroid nodules, fine needle aspiration biopsy
Algunas consideraciones sobre los “Adolescentes difíciles”
Authors: Alonso Uría Rosa María , Cortés Alfaro Alba , Beatriz Rodríguez Alonso Beatriz x
Published: December 2021

Existe la tendencia a considerar que los problemas de inadaptación social, inestabilidad emocional y comportamientos violentos, son propios de la adolescencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es reflexionar acerca de los llamados “adolescentes difíciles” y de factores que se relacionan con esta conducta. Se realizó revisión de la literatura; se consideraron las bases de datos LILACS, EBSCO,  HINARI,  alcanzando  buena  cobertura,  en  Cuba,  Latinoamérica,  Caribe  y  resto  del mundo, a pesar de ser un tema poco abordado. La estrategia de búsqueda se realizó según los descriptores Adolescente, Conducta del adolescente y Violencia y prevención, obteniéndose 50 artículos a idioma inglés y español, trabajando definitivamente con 40 publicados entre 1981 y El término “adolescente difícil” no se encuenta dentro de los descriptores a pesar de conocerse desde la decada de los ochenta, se sugiere y recomienda tenerlo en cuenta dada la importancia que acredita su conocimiento en la labor preventiva de este grupo poblacional. Se exponen características generales de los adolescentes difíciles, factores de riesgo que los hacen vulnerables a estas conductas, que permite una reflexión para contribuir a un mejor manejo y evitar consecuencias sociales y de salud. Las relaciones armónicas del y con el adolescente en todos los contextos, formación y habilidades de la vida para alcanzar una salud positiva constituyen la base en el manejo de los llamados adolescentes difíciles.

Palabras clave: Adolescente, conducta del adolescente, violencia/prevención y control.

Abstract

There is a tendency to consider that the problems of social maladaptation, emotional uncertainty and violent behaviors are characteristic of the adolescence. Revision of the literature was carried out, considering the databases LILACS, EBSCO, HINARI, reaching good covering in Cuba, Latin America, the Caribbean and the rest of the world, in spite of being a topic not much studied. The search strategy was carried out according to the descriptors Adolescent, the adolescent’s Behavior and Violence and prevention; 50 articles in English and Spanish languages being obtained, working definitively with 40 published ones between 1981 and 2015. Though the term difficult adolescent is not within the descriptors in spite of being known since the decade of the eighties; it is suggested and recommended to take it into account given the importance of its knowledge in the preventive work of this populational group. General characteristics of the difficult adolescents and factors of risk that make them vulnerable to these behaviors are exposed, that allow a reflection to contribute to a better handling and to avoid social and health consequences. The harmonic relationships of the adolescent and with him in all contexts, formation and abilities of life to reach a positive health constitute the basis in the handling of the so called difficult adolescents.

Key words: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Violence, prevention and control.
GESTÃO PEDAGÓGICA, O CURRÍCULO E AS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: De Almeida Fernando José , Silva Maria da Graça Moreira da , Rupp Lucila Lerro
Published: December 2021

Este artigo reflete sobre a gestão pedagógica para a educação de qualidade social. Para tal, versa sobre a articulação entre a gestão pedagógica, o currículo e as tecnologias. Com abordagem qualitativa, apresenta um estudo de caso por meio da análise dos documentos relacionados à implantação do Sistema de Gestão Pedagógica, vendo neles a busca de uma forma democrática de fazer a gestão pedagógica de amplo espectro na direção de uma educação de qualidade social. Retoma o conceito de qualidade social. Dentre as considerações, destaca-se que um sistema de gestão pedagógica deve escapar da gestão para o controle e centrar-se no processo de elaboração das funcionalidades por e com os educadores, enfatizando seu processo de construção e a reflexão sobre a qualidade do fazer pedagógico. Destaca-se, também, o contexto institucional mais amplo de sua criação, o de um compromisso com um projeto curricular. As evidências mostraram a força do potencial formativo para os gestores e docentes da rede de ensino, seja na ampliação das competências dos docentes para a reflexão sobre o fazer pedagógico, analisar os processos cognitivos dos alunos e das classes, seja para os gestores enquanto desenhistas de processos democráticos educacionais.
Features of the Stomach Microbiota of Patients with Helicobacter pylori-Associated Diseases
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov, Zhestkova T.V. , Sankin A.V. , Yevdokimova O.V. , Zhurina O.N.
Published: December 2021

Scientists consider changes in the composition of the stomach microbiota in the presence of Helicobacter pylori as an additional factor inducing inflammation and dystrophy of the gastric mucosa. Purpose. The assessment of the gastric microbiota in patients with H. pylori-associated diseases. Material and methods. The study involved 20 patients with chronic stomach diseases: 10 patients were H. pylori-positive; 10 persons were H. pylori-negative (control group). Patients underwent sampling of the gastric lining followed by histological and microbiological examination of inoculation on nutrient media, determining the urease activity in the biopsy specimen and total antibodies to the H. pylori CagA antigen. Results. 90% of H. pylori-positive patients showed growth of Enterococcus spp. on a nutrient medium against 30% of individuals in the control group (p = 0.02). Growth of Enterococcus spp. in patients with helicobacteriosis reached 5.8 [5.2; 6.4] lg CFU/g, in H. pylori-negative persons 4.8 [4.3; 5.0] lg CFU/g (p = 0.04). In the control group, no fungal microflora was found, in 40% of H. pylori-positive individuals, the growth of Candida spp. reached 5.9 [5.6; 6.4] lg CFU/g. Growth of Staphylococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not have significant differences in the groups. In patients with more severe symptoms of dyspepsia, Enterococcus spp. were present in the stomach microbiota (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Microbiota of the stomach in patients with H. pylori-associated diseases is polymorphic; it includes Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Candida spp. Enterococcus spp. are three times more likely to be present in the stomach microbiota in H. pylori-positive patients than in H. pylori-negative individuals (p < 0.05). The presence of Enterococcus spp. in the microbiota of the stomach was significantly associated with more severe symptoms of dyspepsia.
Resistance of the Esophageal Mucosa in Patients with GERD: the Dialogue Between Clinician and Pathologist
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Matoshina I.V. , Fedorin M.M. , Livzan M.A. , Mozgovoy S.I.
Published: December 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common of all acid-related diseases, it is recognized as the leading cause of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The natural factor of protection against aggressive refluxate components is the integrity of the esophageal mucosa, which performs a barrier function with the participation of a number of mechanical, chemical and immunological mechanisms. Their damage under the regular influence of acidic or mixed reflux causes the development of the pathological process. The review was prepared to systematize knowledge of the main components of mucosal barrier of the esophagus providing resistance of mucosa under conditions of GERD. The literature was searched in Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the keywords: gastroesophageal reflux disease, mucosal protection, esophageal mucosa epithelium, dense contact proteins, epithelial protection, esophagoprotection. The main structural and functional components of esophageal mucosal protection were emphasized
The Possibility of Implementing the ESPEN Guideline on Clinical Nutrition in Acute Pancreatitis into Russian Clinical Practice
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Bordin D.S. , Kuzmina T.N. , Nikolskaya K.A. , Kiryukova M.A. , Chebotareva M.V. , Kucheryavy Yu.A. , Khatkov I.E. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry,   Tver State Medical University,   Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare and Medical Management of the Moscow City Health Department,   Ilyinsky hospital
Published: December 2021

Nutritional derangements during active inflammation accompany acute pancreatitis, especially moderate and severe. This, in turn, might lead to septic complications, long treatment and rehabilitation. Timely and differentiated nutritional support improves the outcomes in acute pancreatitis. Nutritional support strategy should be applied considering the most feasible and evidence-based recommendations.
The Role of Non-Invasive Markers of Enterocyte Damage and Increased Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease
Authors:   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Bykova S.V. ,   Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Sabelnikova E.A. , Novikov A.A. , Babanova A.A. , Baulo E.V. , Parfenov A.I.
Published: December 2021

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy characterized by atrophy/damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals in response to gluten administration. In CD morphology, atrophy is the result of increased enterocyte apoptosis due to autoimmune inflammation. Since the enterocyte is an anatomical and functional unit of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, responsible for the barrier function and for the absorption of nutrients, to understand the pathogenesis of CD, the study of the processes of restoration of the mucosa is of paramount importance. Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptides, antibodies to endomysium, which are used to monitor disease activity and represent the body's immune response, can only indirectly indicate the degree of damage/recovery of enterocytes. During histological examination it is not always possible to assess the degree of damage at the cellular level, taking into account the complexity of the interpretation of morphological changes and patchiness of mucosa damage. In recent years, researchers have paid much attention to new markers of mucosa permeability, which include: I-FABP − a marker reflecting damage to enterocytes, citrulline − a marker of the functional mass of enterocytes, zonulin − a marker of increased mucosa permeability and alpha-1-antitrypsin − a marker reflecting the failure of the barrier function of the small intestine and protein loss. Using of these markers will help optimize the algorithm for non-invasive diagnostics of CD, improve monitoring of disease activity, and will also usefull for understanding the processes of mucosa recovery.
A New Look at the Pathogenesis and Possibilities of Treatment and Prevention of Autoimmune Diseases with the Role of the Intestinal Barrier and Increased Intestinal Permeability
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Kostoglod T.V. , Krolevets T.S. , Livzan M.A.
Published: December 2021

We described components of the intestinal barrier that maintains to integrity and assess their contribution and development of leaky gut syndrome. The relationship between intestinal permeability syndrome and excessive bacterial translocation with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune hepatitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed. The reasons for the occurrence of this syndrome were considered, its importance in the occurrence of these diseases, as well as in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures, was determined.
Effect of Smartphone Use on Neck Pain and Disability Level in University Students Who Exercise Regularly: A Comparative Study
Authors: YARAR Feride , TEKİN Fatih , YAĞCI Nesrin , TOPAL Seçil
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of smartphone use on neck pain and disability among university students who exercise regularly.

Materials and Methods: Hundred and forty students (M: 60 F: 80) between the ages of 18-30 years were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups as those with regular exercise habits (Group I) and those without (Group II). Participants' information such as age, gender, exercise habits, total smartphone usage time per year and daily smartphone usage time were recorded in the demographic data form. Visual Analogue Scale and Neck Disability Index were used for the evaluations.

Results: In terms of the duration of smartphone use within the group, a significant difference was found between the duration of the smartphone used by the participants in Group I during the day, night and all day (p
CHD2 Geninde Denovo Heterozigot Yeni Bir Mutasyonun Saptandığı Bir Epileptik Ensefalopati Olgusu
Authors: ÇERÇİ KUBUR Çisil , ATASEVER Aslı Kübra , YILMAZ Celil , ORAK Sibğatullah Ali , POLAT Muzaffer
Published: December 2021

Epileptik ensefalopatiler (EE), çoklu nöbet tipleri, gelişimsel gecikme ve hatta gerileme ile karakterize ciddi epilepsi sendromlarıdır. CHD2'deki (kromodomain sarmal DNA bağlayıcı protein 2) patojenik varyantlar, epileptik ensefalopatilerde ve ayrıca zihinsel engellilikten atonik-miyoklonik epilepsiye kadar değişen fenotipik değişkenlik spektrumuna sahip nörogelişimsel bozukluklarda bildirilmiştir. Biz bu olgu sunumunda oğul, erkek kardeş ve anneden oluşan kalıtsal bir patojenik CHD2 varyantı ailesini rapor ediyoruz. Bu vaka, aile içinde aynı CHD2 mutasyonu ile oluşan fenotipik heterojeniteyi gösterir ve CHD2 ile ilişkili nörogelişimsel bozuklukların potansiyel kalıtsallığını doğrular.
3D Bioprinted Spheroidal Droplets for Engineering the Heterocellular Coupling between Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: El Khoury Raven , Nagiah Naveen , Mudloff Joel A. , Thakur Vikram , Chattopadhyay Munmun , Joddar Binata
Published: December 2021

Since conventional human cardiac two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and multilayered three-dimensional (3D) models fail in recapitulating cellular complexity and possess inferior translational capacity, we designed and developed a high-throughput scalable 3D bioprinted cardiac spheroidal droplet-organoid model with cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts that can be used for drug screening or regenerative engineering applications. This study helped establish the parameters for bioprinting and cross-linking a gelatin-alginate-based bioink into 3D spheroidal droplets. A flattened disk-like structure developed in prior studies from our laboratory was used as a control. The microstructural and mechanical stability of the 3D spheroidal droplets was assessed and was found to be ideal for a cardiac scaffold. Adult human cardiac fibroblasts and AC16 cardiomyocytes were mixed in the bioink and bioprinted. Live-dead assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed robust biocompatibility of the 3D spheroidal droplets that supported the growth and proliferation of the cardiac cells in the long-term cultures. Moreover, the heterocellular gap junctional coupling between the cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts further validated the 3D cardiac spheroidal droplet model.
Correction of stress resistance and performance muscles in women under conditions sports training
Authors:   Astrakhan State Technical University, Begmetova M.Kh. , Kuznetsov I.A. , Gukasov V.M. ,   Republican Research Scientific and Consulting Center for Expertise of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, Rybakov Y. L. , Myakinkova L.L. , Rasulov M.M. ,   GNIICHTEOS
Published: December 2021

At studying an opportunity of use and development of techniques of application of a preparation трекрезан for restoration of a condition of an organism at women in the shortest terms, it is established, that at application of biologically active additive trekrezan in a doze 0,5х2 once a day during 21 day two times a year leads to the highest parameters of motivation to employment, significant decrease in time of restoration after loading and to increase of parameters of physical development.
Biochemical analysis of antiulcer actions of some protatrans
Authors:   GNIICHTEOS, Rasulov M.M. , Zhigacheva I.V. ,   Institute of Biochemical Physics named after N.M. Emanuel, Gukasov V.M. ,   Republican Research Scientific and Consulting Center for Expertise of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, Rybakov Y. L. , Myakinkova L.L. , Kulkova I.V. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Begmetova M. Kh. , Kuznetsov I.A. ,   Astrakhan State Technical University
Published: December 2021

The review article provides information about the studies of the students and followers of M.G. Voronkov, devoted to the biochemical study of the effect of some protatranes on the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer in the experiment. On the basis of our own and published data, a paradigm is built about the role of lipid peroxidation in the dysregulation of metabolic processes, both during the formation of a stomach ulcer and during its healing. The leading role in this is played by glycosaminoglycans: heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, hyaluronate, chondriotin-4-sulfate and chondriotin-6-sulfate, which provide the main structural and functional properties of the stomach walls.
Conductive rubbers filled with the carbon nanotubes in the smart prosthesis system and its role in creating sense of touch effect
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergeev A.M. , Kovalev N.S.
Published: December 2021

The article examined the characteristics and capabilities of conductive rubbers filled with carbon nanotubes as smart prostheses pressure sensors for transradial amputes.
Maniqueísmo, memoria e historia oficial
Authors: Portocarrero O'Phelan Felipe
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo tiene por fin el aproximarse teóricamente, y de manera sintética, a los vínculos entre memoria e historia en la formación de ciertas narrativas que han influido el discurso escolar sobre ciudadanía e identidad en el Perú; de una manera peculiar y personal. Se parte de una caracterización bastante filosófica de la memoria y su relación con ciertos conceptos morales, para luego introducirnos en una discusión más sociológica, aunque también teórica, sobre la manera en cómo memoria e historia se incorporan en el campo educativo a través de operaciones culturales tensas y, hasta cierto punto, violentas, las cuales, finalmente, nos conducen a explorar este fenómeno en el caso peruano y en vinculación directa con la intención pedagógica de formar ciudadanía. Si bien no se plantearán afirmaciones concluyentes, por el contrario, se buscará concebir el espacio educativo como aún abierto para trabajar en el ensanchamiento de los márgenes del horizonte de comprensión de nuestra identidad nacional y de nuestra concepción de la ciudadanía, de lo que significa ser un ciudadano peruano en la actualidad.
Educación, ¿la mejor herencia o el mejor negocio?
Authors: Ames Patricia
Published: December 2021

En el Perú se advierte una clara tendencia a la segregación educativa, tendencia que va en aumento y lo convierte en uno de los países con mayor desigualdad socioeducativa de la región. La segregación se evidencia en la mayor homogeneidad de las características del alumnado en cada centro educativo, en un sistema donde la privatización ha ido en aumento de la mano con la proliferación de instituciones educativas de muy diversa calidad. Este artículo pone en diálogo los estudios existentes sobre la segregación educativa en el Perú, y analiza dos casos de política educativa que lejos de mitigar, intensifican la segregación del propio sistema educativo. Se reflexiona asimismo sobre los desafíos que la segregación plantea para la calidad del sistema educativo mismo, para la equidad y para la formación de ciudadanía democrática, considerando  cómo la apuesta educativa de las familias peruanas se desarrolla en un contexto que ha favorecido la privatización y la naturalización de las desigualdades sociales.
Urban Imbalance and Non-inclusive Development in Mexico: The Case of its Top 15 Major Urban Municipalities
Authors: Luis-Pineda Octavio
Published: December 2021

Under the basic premise that an economy and its territory as a socioeconomic entity, are inscribed into a nation’s space. Accordingly, the concomitant sustainable handling of its natural resources and people ́s well-being depends on myriad factors among which stands out firstly, the country's own socioeconomic dynamics and secondly, but not least important, the political capacity of the State ́s intervention into the economy, as the foremost legal entity capable to advance the nation ́s economic strategy, to simultaneously foment growth and social well-being into the nation. Upon this premise, the article aims at analyzing the socioeconomic implications and multiple externalities derived from the neoliberal economic strategy implemented by Mexico in the last decades, with particular reference to the country ́s current urban imbalances around the country ́s top 15 municipalities including Mexico City to demonstrate its failure and the compelling need to reorient it towards a more balanced, social-inclusive and sustainable urban development. Time ́s horizon for this analysis ranges from 1980-2018.
The Effect of Organizational Innovation and Organizational Learning on Organizational Performance
Authors: MOHAMMAD DAUD ALI  , DR. SYED IMAD SHAH  , DR. SHAHID JAN  , MUHAMMAD ILYAS
Published: December 2021

This research tries to investigate the influence of organizational learning on innovation on one hand and the impact of innovation on performance on the other. Upon the review of literature, two hypotheses projected in pursuit of the research: the positive impact of organizational learning on innovation as well as the co relational effect of innovation with performance. Data was obtained distributing questionnaires in five public sector universities of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Conclusions substantiate hypotheses thus provided additional substantiation that organizational learning has a say in innovation capacity, and also the fact that innovation is positively associated to organization learning (R2 = 0.65) and coefficient β is 0.31 this clearly show that innovation leads to organization learning, on the other hand organization learning has positively associated to organization performance (R2 = 0.70) and coefficient β is 0.54 this means that organization learning leads to organization performance, and has positive significant effect on financial performance
The Relationship between Lending Rate and Nonperforming Loans in Commercial Banks: Evidence from Pakistan (2008-2014)
Authors: IHTESHAM KHAN  , ROOHUL AMIN  , SHAH RAZA KHAN  , MUHAMMAD ILYAS
Published: December 2021

The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between lending rate and nonperforming loans in commercial banks of Pakistan. The study collects data on bank size and nonperforming loans from the annual reports of commercial banks and lending rates data was collected from the state bank of Pakistan statistical bulletins for the period of 2008-2014 and the data was analyzed through SPSS to examine the relationship between lending rate and nonperforming loans. The study used correlation and regression methods. The study found a significant positive relationship between lending rate and nonperforming loans in commercial banks of Pakistan