bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumour-like presentation of atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with prominent brainstem involvement
Authors: Di Stefano Vincenzo , Rispoli Marianna Gabriella , Onofrj Marco , De Angelis Maria Vittoria
Published: January 2020

Typical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-neuroradiological entity characterised by bilateral white matter oedema, which is usually symmetrical and totally reversible in 2–3 weeks. A 46-year-old man presented with a persistent headache and visual blurring in the right eye. On admission, the clinical examination revealed minimal unsteadiness of gait and elevated blood pressure. A brain MRI showed a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted sequences in the whole brainstem, extended to the spinal cord (C2–C6), the left insula and the right cerebellum. When his blood pressure was controlled, his symptoms gradually improved. The follow-up MRI scan at 3 weeks revealed a dramatic regression of the hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted sequences. The differential diagnosis of PRES is very wide, especially in the case of conspicuous brainstem involvement. Treatable causes of white matter oedema should be always kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosis and prevent complications, such as intracranial haemorrhage.
Multiple myeloma with extensive AL amyloidosis presenting as chronic diarrhoea
Authors: Kogler William , Canha Catarina , Makary Raafat , Omman Reeba , Isache Carmen Liliana
Published: January 2020

We present a 52-year-old man admitted to the hospital with diarrhoea and lower extremity weakness ongoing for the past 3 months. The patient was found to have malabsorptive diarrhoea, hypoproliferative anaemia and renal insufficiency with proteinuria. Extensive workup was performed including a bone marrow biopsy with 20% plasma cells, renal and duodenal biopsies with Congo-red staining revealed amyloid deposition. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis with gastrointestinal, kidney and nerve involvement explaining his presentation with diarrhoea, renal insufficiency and weakness. Throughout his admission, there were incidental findings of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia (serum blood glucose <40 mg/dL), which was later found to be caused by anti-insulin monoclonal antibodies produced by the neoplastic plasma cells. This is an extremely rare manifestation of multiple myeloma with only a few cases reported in the literature.
Clinicians prescribe antibiotics for childhood respiratory tract infection based on assessment, rather than parental expectation
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter , White Alicia
Published: January 2020

The study

Cabral C, Horwood J, Symonds J, et al. Understanding the influence of parent-clinician communication on antibiotic prescribing for children with respiratory tract infections in primary care: a qualitative observational study using a conversation analysis approach. BMC Fam Pract 2019;20:102.

This project was funded by the NIHR School for Primary Care Research Programme (project number SPCR204).

To read the full NIHR Signal, go to: https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000829/gps-assessment-not-parental-expectation-drives-antibiotic-prescribing
The individual dynamics of affective expression on social media
Authors: Pellert Max , Schweighofer Simon , Garcia David
Published: January 2020

Understanding the temporal dynamics of affect is crucial for our understanding human emotions in general. In this study, we empirically test a computational model of affective dynamics by analyzing a large-scale dataset of Facebook status updates using text analysis techniques. Our analyses support the central assumptions of our model: After stimulation, affective states, quantified as valence and arousal, exponentially return to an individual-specific baseline. On average, this baseline is at a slightly positive valence value and at a moderate arousal point below the midpoint. Furthermore, affective expression, in this case posting a status update on Facebook, immediately pushes arousal and valence towards the baseline by a proportional value. These results are robust to the choice of the text analysis technique and illustrate the fast timescale of affective dynamics through social media text. These outcomes are of high relevance for affective computing, the detection and modeling of collective emotions, the refinement of psychological research methodology, and the detection of abnormal, and potentially pathological, individual affect dynamics.
Emerging Pharmacological Treatments for Cerebral Edema: Evidence from Clinical Studies
Authors: Stokum Jesse A. , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Sheth Kevin N. , Kimberly W. Taylor , Simard J. Marc
Published: January 2020

Cerebral edema, a common and often fatal companion to most forms of acute central nervous system disease, has been recognized since the time of ancient Egypt. Unfortunately, our therapeutic armamentarium remains limited, in part due to historic limitations in our understanding of cerebral edema pathophysiology. Recent advancements have led to a number of clinical trials for novel therapeutics that could fundamentally alter the treatment of cerebral edema. In this review, we discuss these agents, their targets, and the data supporting their use, with a focus on agents that have progressed to clinical trials.
A Mathematical Model toward Real-Time Monitoring of Automotive PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Goshtasbi Alireza , Pence Benjamin L. , Chen Jixin , DeBolt Michael A. , Wang Chunmei , Waldecker James R. , Hirano Shinichi , Ersal Tulga
Published: January 2020

A computationally efficient model toward real-time monitoring of automotive polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stacks is developed. Computational efficiency is achieved by spatio-temporal decoupling of the problem, developing a new reduced-order model for water balance across the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and defining a new variable for cathode catalyst utilization that captures the trade-off between proton and mass transport limitations without additional computational cost. Together, these considerations result in the model calculations to be carried out more than an order of magnitude faster than real time. Moreover, a new iterative scheme allows for simulation of counter-flow operation and makes the model flexible for different flow configurations. The proposed model is validated with a wide range of experimental performance measurements from two different fuel cells. Finally, simulation case studies are presented to demonstrate the prediction capabilities of the model.
Conversion Disorder: Early Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy Plan Is the Key
Authors: Miller Lauren , Archer Robert L. , Kapoor Nidhi
Published: January 2020

Conversion disorder is characterized by one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory functions that cannot be explained by a neurological disease (Keynejad, 2019; Samuels et al., 2019). We present a patient with conversion disorder and discuss her process in overcoming this disorder. Additionally, we review the literature about this specific disorder. A 15-year-old white female was diagnosed with conversion disorder and has shown significant recovery with physical therapy and group therapy since. It is essential to recognize this disorder early to lessen the financial burden on families and to speed up the recovery process for these patients.
Shadow Elimination Algorithm Using Color and Texture Features
Authors: Wu Minghu , Chen Rui , Tong Ying
Published: January 2020

Shadow detection and removal in real scene images are a significant problem for target detection. This work proposes an improved shadow detection and removal algorithm for urban video surveillance. First, the foreground is detected by background subtraction and the shadow is detected by HSV color space. Using local variance and OTSU method, we obtain the moving targets with texture features. According to the characteristics of shadow in HSV space and texture feature, the shadow is detected and removed to eliminate the shadow interference for the subsequent processing of moving targets. Finally, we embed our algorithm into C/S framework based on the HTML5 web socket protocol. Both the experimental and actual operation results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust in target detection and shadow detection and removal under different scenes.
Laser Therapy for Infected Sites and Immediate Dental Implants in the Esthetic Zone: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Crippa Rolando , Aiuto Riccardo , Dioguardi Mario , Peñarrocha-Diago María , Peñarrocha-Diago Miguel , Angiero Francesca
Published: January 2020

Placement of postextraction dental implants has become a common practice. Here, we reviewed current literature, along with clinical procedures, outcomes, and incidence of complications, associated with immediate implants in infected postextraction sites. The YSGG (yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet) laser can significantly reduce the bacterial concentration after extracting a compromised tooth. We treated a 40-year-old woman with a compromised tooth in the esthetic zone, presenting clinical and radiological signs of infection, particularly a periapical periodontitis. The tooth was extracted after administering local anesthesia using Optocain® (mepivacaine and adrenalin 1 : 100,000), following which the site was treated with an ErCr : YSGG (erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet) 2780 nm laser device (Biolase iPlus®). The implant (Straumann® fixture) was inserted with minimum 35 N torque, 1 mm below the most apical bone peak. Bio-Oss® and resorbable membrane were applied to improve bone healing. The use of ErCr : YSGG laser has ensured success of implant therapy performed on an infected site. There were no complications such as peri-implantitis or loss of peri-implant bone. The implant achieved good primary stability, immediate placement into an infected site did not increase complications, and the 5-year follow-up confirmed the treatment success.
An Overview of Image Caption Generation Methods
Authors: Wang Haoran , Zhang Yue , Yu Xiaosheng
Published: January 2020

In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, image caption has gradually attracted the attention of many researchers in the field of artificial intelligence and has become an interesting and arduous task. Image caption, automatically generating natural language descriptions according to the content observed in an image, is an important part of scene understanding, which combines the knowledge of computer vision and natural language processing. The application of image caption is extensive and significant, for example, the realization of human-computer interaction. This paper summarizes the related methods and focuses on the attention mechanism, which plays an important role in computer vision and is recently widely used in image caption generation tasks. Furthermore, the advantages and the shortcomings of these methods are discussed, providing the commonly used datasets and evaluation criteria in this field. Finally, this paper highlights some open challenges in the image caption task.
Systematic Characterization of Prognostic Values of Peroxiredoxin Family in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Xu Rui , Pan Jiadong , Mei Jie , Zhang Qinglin
Published: January 2020

The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) gene family has been reported to participate in regulating occurrence and development of cancerous diseases, but its exact prognostic values in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely elusive. In the current research, we evaluated the prognostic value in predicting overall survival (OS) of each individual PRDX mRNA expression based on patients’ cohorts from the Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter database, which contains clinical information and gene expression data obtained from a total of 876 GC patients. Our results revealed that mRNA expressions of PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, and PRDX4 were significantly associated with worse OS in GC patients, whereas PRDX5 and PRDX6 mRNA expressions were not associated with OS in GC patients. In addition, the prognostic values of PRDXs in the different clinicopathological features according to clinical stages, Lauren classifications, HER2 expression status, differentiation degree, and treatment strategies of GC patients were further evaluated in the KM plotter database. As a result, more potential beneficiaries who may benefit from prognostic assessment using PRDX mRNA expressions were identified. Our results elucidated the exact values of PRDXs in assessing GC prognosis and might provide primary evidence for further study on the mechanism of PRDXs participating in occurrence and development of GC.
Nonlinear Adaptive Boundary Control of the Modified Generalized Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers Equation
Authors: Chentouf B. , Smaoui N. , Alalabi A.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the nonlinear adaptive boundary control problem of the modified generalized Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation (MGKdVB) when the spatial domain is 0,1. Four different nonlinear adaptive control laws are designed for the MGKdVB equation without assuming the nullity of the physical parameters ν, μ, γ1, and γ2 and depending whether these parameters are known or unknown. Then, using Lyapunov theory, the L2-global exponential stability of the solution is proven in each case. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the developed control schemes.
Numerical Investigation of Fluid Forces Acting on a Confined Cylinder with Obstacle Subjected to Axial Flow
Authors: Ricciardi Guillaume
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on fluid forces acting on a confined cylinder subjected to axial flow in application to fuel assembly dynamic behavior. From the literature, it is difficult to estimate the damping induced by the flow. Therefore, it is proposed to study numerically the damping fluid forces on a cylinder for various parameters. It has been observed that it increases with the smaller confinement and with the presence of an obstacle and decreases when the Reynolds number increases. Larger values correspond to a greater contribution of pressure forces. Dynamic simulations are compared to the steady ones and give different values, but the order of magnitude and general trend remain the same. Therefore, steady simulations are suitable to have a rough estimation of drag coefficients in dynamics.
Antimalarial Properties of Isoquinoline Derivative from Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Nugraha Rivo YB. , Faratisha Icha FD. , Mardhiyyah Kana , Ariel Dio G. , Putri Fitria F. , Nafisatuzzamrudah  , Winarsih Sri , Sardjono Teguh W. , Fitri Loeki E.
Published: January 2020

Malaria is one of the life‐threatening diseases in the world. The spread of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major challenge, and resistance to artemisinin has been reported in the Southeast Asian region. In the previous study, the active compound of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus (S. hygroscopicus), eponemycin, has been shown to have antimalarial effects. To further analyze the effects of other active compounds on the Plasmodium parasite, identifying and analyzing the effectiveness of compounds contained in S. hygroscopicus through instrumentation of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and in silico studies were very useful. This study aimed at identifying other derivative compounds from S. hygroscopicus and screening the antimalarial activity of the compound by assessing the binding affinity, pharmacokinetic profile, and bond interaction. The derivative compounds were identified using LC/MS. Protein targets for derivative compounds were found through literature studies, and the results of identification of compounds and protein targets were reconstructed into three‐dimensional models. Prediction of pharmacokinetic profiles was carried out using Swiss ADME. Screening of protein targets for the derivative compound was carried out using the reverse molecular docking method. Analyzing bond interaction was done by LigPlot. One compound from S. hygroscopicus, i.e., 6,7‐dinitro‐2‐[1, 2, 4]triazole‐4‐yl‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3‐dione, was successfully identified using LC/MS. This compound was an isoquinoline derivative compound. Through literature studies with inclusion criteria, thirteen protein targets were obtained for reverse molecular docking. This isoquinoline derivative had the potential to bind to each protein target. The pharmacokinetic profile showed that this compound had the drug‐likeness criteria. Conclusion. 6,7‐Dinitro‐2‐[1, 2, 4]triazole‐4‐yl‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3‐dione has antimalarial activity as shown by reverse molecular docking studies and pharmacokinetic profiles. The best inhibitory ability of compounds based on bond affinity is with adenylosuccinate synthetase.
Chromosome 16p13.3 Contiguous Gene Deletion Syndrome including the SLX4, DNASE1, TRAP1, and CREBBP Genes Presenting as a Relatively Mild Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome Phenotype: A Case Report of a Saudi Boy
Authors: Al-Qattan Mohammad M. , Rahbeeni Zuhair A. , Al-Hassnan Zuhair N. , Jarman Abdulaziz , Rafique Atif , Mahabbat Nehal , Alsufayan Faris A. S.
Published: January 2020

The classic Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome Type 1 (RSTS1, OMIM 180849) is caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the CREBBP gene. Herein, we describe the case of a Saudi boy with chromosome 16p13.3 contiguous gene deletion syndrome (OMIM 610543) including the SLX4, DNASE1, TRAP1, and CREBBP genes, but presenting with a relatively mild RSTS1 syndrome phenotype. Compared with previously reported cases with severe phenotypes associated with 16p13.3 contiguous gene deletions, our patient had partial deletion of the CREBBP gene (with a preserved 5′ region), which might explain his relatively mild phenotype.
Knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s Disease among College Students of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Baral Kushalata , Dahal Maginsh , Pradhan Shneha
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Alzheimer’s, a neurodegenerative disease, is becoming a growing burden and the leading cause of disability among older people, and there is no cure for it. It is set to be the biggest killer among the growing elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease among college students in Kathmandu metropolitan city. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 385 randomly selected bachelor students of Kathmandu metropolitan city. The questionnaire included 2 sections. Section I addressed the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. Section II addressed or covered the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) test. ADKS contains a set of 30 items, with true and false options. 1 point was given for the correct answer and 0 for the incorrect answer. The final sum was then the total score of the participant. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated, and the chi-square test was used to measure the association between two categorical variables. Results. The mean ADKS (Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale) score is 15.45±2.95 with the lowest and highest mean total scores of 8 and 26, respectively. 49.5% of the respondents scored above the mean. The number of male and female respondents who scored above the mean is 68 and 95, respectively, with p value 0.71 and odds ratio 0.922. There is no association between gender and knowledge level. Gender seemed to have no effect on the knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease on the basis of the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). However, science students had comparatively better knowledge about disease than management students. The mean score of science and management is 15.9 and 15.04, respectively, with p value 0.004. There is association between knowledge score and faculty. Conclusion. This study concluded that the knowledge level of college students on Alzheimer’s disease is below moderate. The findings concluded that there is association between faculty and knowledge score.
Effect of Superplasticizer and Wetting Agent on Volumetric and Mechanical Properties of Cold Recycled Mixture with Asphalt Emulsion
Authors: Yang Wenting , Ouyang Jian , Meng Yan , Tang Taixiong , Chen Jijiang , Han Baoguo
Published: January 2020

Cold recycled mixture with asphalt emulsion (CRME) has gained more appreciation due to its environmental and economical advantages. Surfactant greatly affects the interaction between asphalt emulsion and cement, which can greatly affect the volumetric and mechanical properties of CRME. If the surfactant can greatly improve the volumetric and mechanical properties of CRME, that could be of great attraction. In this study, a polycarboxylate‐based superplasticizer and wetting agent (DN500, polymers containing high‐pigment groups) were employed to improve the volumetric and mechanical properties of CRME. Results indicate that the addition of superplasticizer and DN500 can reduce the void content of CRME and increase the indirect tensile strength (ITS) and stiffness modulus as well as critical strain energy density (CSED) of CRME. Besides, the failure strain of CRME is also increased by adding superplasticizer and DN500. This phenomenon is probably due to that superplasticizer can decrease the viscosity of cement asphalt emulsion paste (CAEP) and help to form a better asphalt film, and DN500 can moderately decrease the viscosity of CAEP and increase the wetting ability of asphalt emulsion as a wetting agent. CRME with superplasticizer has the best mechanical properties among all CRMEs. Compared to reference CRME, the ITS, stiffness modulus, and CSED of CRME with superplasticizer can increase by 33.7%, 8.0%, and 17.5% at the optimum water content, respectively. It is recommended to improve the volumetric and mechanical properties of CRME by adding superplasticizer.
The Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Dermal Regenerative Templates, and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tissue Engineering-Based Treatments of Chronic Skin Wounds
Authors: Conese Massimo , Annacontini Luigi , Carbone Annalucia , Beccia Elisa , Cecchino Liberato Roberto , Parisi Domenico , Di Gioia Sante , Lembo Fedele , Angiolillo Antonella , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Portincasa Aurelio
Published: January 2020

The continuous improvements in the field of both regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have allowed the design of new and more efficacious strategies for the treatment of chronic or hard-to-heal skin wounds, which represent heavy burden, from a medical and economic point of view. These novel approaches are based on the usage of three key methodologies: stem cells, growth factors, and biomimetic scaffolds. These days, the adipose tissue can be considered the main source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, especially adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs are easily accessible from various fat depots and show an intrinsic plasticity in giving rise to cell types involved in wound healing and angiogenesis. ASCs can be found in fat grafts, historically used in the treatment of chronic wounds, and have been evaluated as such in both animal models and human trials, to exploit their capability of accelerating wound closure and inducing a correct remodeling of the newly formed fibrovascular tissue. Since survival and fitness of ASCs need to be improved, they are now employed in conjunction with advanced wound dressings, together with dermal regenerative templates and platelet-rich plasma (as a source of growth and healing factors). In this work, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the topic, based on existing studies and on our own experience.
The Impact of CYP24A1 Polymorphisms on Hypertension Susceptibility
Authors: Bao Qiuhong , Wang Dan , Zhang Yong , Bao Lili , Jia Haiyu
Published: January 2020

Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of human death and disability. CYP24A1 regulates vitamin D activity and is closely linked to hypertension. However, the relationship between CYP24A1polymorphisms and hypertension risk remains unclear. Methods: This case-control study included 503 hypertensive patients and 498 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population. The genotypes of CYP24A1polymorphisms were detected using the Agena MassARRAY method. The association between genetic variations of CYP24A1and hypertension risk was evaluated with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in genetic models. Results: We found that rs56229249 of CYP24A1significantlydecreased the hypertension risk in homozygote (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29–0.91, p = 0.022) and recessive models (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29–0.91, p = 0.023). Further stratification analyses indicated that hypertension risk is related to age and sex, rs2762934 polymorphism increases hypertension risk among younger subjects (<61 years), and rs1977297 influences the risk of hypertension among older subjects (≥61 years). In addition, rs2762940 is related to hypertension risk in men, and rs56229249 is a protective factor against hypertension in women. Conclusions: Our study suggests that genetic variations of the CYP24A1gene were significantly associated with susceptibility to hypertension in the Chinese population.
The Superiority of the Otolith System
Authors: Ramos de Miguel Angel , Zarowski Andrzej , Sluydts Morgana , Ramos Macias Angel , Wuyts Floris L.
Published: January 2020

Background: The peripheral vestibular end organ is considered to consist of semi-circular canals (SCC) for detection of angular accelerations and the otoliths for detection of linear accelerations. However, otoliths being phylogenetically the oldest part of the vestibular sensory organs are involved in detection of all motions. Summary: This study elaborates on this property of the otolith organ, as this concept can be of importance for the currently designed vestibular implant devices. Key Message: The analysis of the evolution of the inner ear and examination of clinical examples shows the robustness of the otolith system and inhibition capacity of the SCC. The otolith system must be considered superior to the SCC system as illustrated by evolution, clinical evidence, and physical principles.
CHARGE Syndrome Associated with Angle Closure despite High Myopia: A Case Report with Structural Suggestion
Authors: Dote Saki , Nakakura Shunsuke , Tanabe Hirotaka , Terao Etsuko , Nagata Yuki , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Kiuchi  Yoshiaki
Published: January 2020

CHARGE syndrome is associated with multiple malformations, and the main ocular abnormality is coloboma. We describe an unusual case of a 15-year-old girl with CHARGE syndrome having high intraocular pressure and narrow angle closure despite refractive high myopia (−9.0 dpt) in her left eye. Gonioscopy revealed peripheral anterior synechia (approximately 90°) in the superior quadrant of the left eye. Both eyes exhibited similar axial length (about 22 mm) and corneal curvature (about 8 mm). However, microcornea (9 mm), thicker central cornea and iris induced narrower anterior components in the left eye than in the right eye. Preventing the chance of acute primary angle closure attack, the patient underwent laser iridotomy in the left eye; however, long-term follow-up is needed. Additionally, we developed a hypothesis for the mechanism of unilateral angle closure despite high myopia by investigating the ocular structural parameters in detail.
Midiatização da ciência
Authors: Oliveira Thaiane Moreira de
Published: January 2020

A proposta deste artigo é discutir a midiatização do trabalho acadêmico e a reconfiguração do paradigma da comunicação científica na era digital a partir de cinco esferas que organizam as dinâmicas sociais da ciência. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório a partir de pesquisa qualitativa, baseado em entrevistas com 25 pesquisadores brasileiros bolsistas de produtividade que utilizam mídias sociais para divulgar e compartilhar seus trabalhos. Pretende-se, com essa discussão, evidenciar a transformação da comunicação científica atual, buscando entender como diferentes áreas do conhecimento compreendem esta mudança do paradigma comunicacional pela midiatização da ciência.
Narratividade e autoria na pesquisa em comunicação alternativa no Brasil
Authors: Pachi Filho Fernando Felício , Moliani João Augusto , Figaro Roseli
Published: January 2020

A trajetória de termos como imprensa alternativa, comunicação alternativa e jornalismo alternativo tem sido objeto de estudos integrantes de uma rede de sentidos formadora de uma narratividade que pode ser retraçada pela análise discursiva. Com base no levantamento de teses e dissertações disponíveis na biblioteca digital do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência Tecnologia, este artigo sintetiza a investigação realizada para compreender como se formam conceitos, sentidos e narrativas na pesquisa acadêmica sobre essa temática. A análise mostra que a Ditadura Civil-Militar (1964-1985) é um marco para o estabelecimento dessa narrativa; porém, a continuidade desse imaginário é pouco explorada depois do período. Emerge então o interesse por uma comunicação alternativa de escopo mais amplo, relacionada à comunicação popular.
Trajetória de luta
Authors: Grohmann Rafael
Published: January 2020

O artigo discute como o conceito de classe social foi trabalhado na pesquisa em comunicação nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, buscando evidenciar uma trajetória do conceito a partir de estudos considerados pioneiros. O foco esteve na pesquisa brasileira, procurando observar sentidos teóricos e epistemológicos e suas potencialidades e limites. Em geral, as pesquisas eram próximas à economia política da comunicação, ao marxismo e à comunicação popular. Há também outras mais ligadas aos estudos culturais e de recepção, que ressaltam questões simbólicas e relações de sujeitos de diferentes classes com as mídias. Além dessas, também foram encontradas pesquisas enfocando jornalismo e relações públicas. Ao traçar essa trajetória, mostramos a pertinência de estudar as classes e suas lutas na comunicação.
O JB é que era jornal de verdade
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula Goulart , Vieira Itala Maduell
Published: January 2020

O artigo analisa depoimentos sobre o Jornal do Brasil e seu suplemento cultural, o “Caderno B”, produzidos e reproduzidos em diferentes circunstâncias ao longo de décadas. Para isso, mobilizamos o conceito de nostalgia. Trata-se de um tipo específico de memória, caracterizado por certa maneira de apropriação do passado. Esta memória nostálgica dos profissionais de imprensa que lembram nos diz do presente, do contexto atual da lembrança, do momento que vive o jornalismo brasileiro. E nos diz também do lugar ocupado pelo JB como instituição na história da imprensa, como movimento de valorização e idealização do passado, que sustenta a áurea mítica e a importância do diário para muitos profissionais que nele trabalharam. A análise aponta que o que se valoriza no passado é um modo de fazer jornalismo, ancorado numa série de preceitos e valores hoje postos em xeque.
Arte e governo da vida: capital humano e invenção de si nos circuitos artísticos e culturais
Authors: Melo Sharine Machado Cabral
Published: January 2020

O artigo discorre sobre o trabalho artístico a partir dos conceitos de invenção de si e governamentalidade, analisados por Foucault, Veyne e Bennett. Nas racionalidades liberais, a vida é tomada como campo de governo e como capital. O artista investe sua vida, suas percepções e afetos na criação das obras. Mas esse interesse também pode conduzir a políticas identitárias. Para evitar que o campo se fragmente, as artes devem ser compreendidas, em suas relações de força e contingências históricas, como bens públicos e comuns, que manifestam, mais do que um capital, a potência humana de invenção. Contudo, transformar hábitos culturais é tarefa de longo prazo, que envolve o Estado, a iniciativa privada e a sociedade civil.
livro como prótese cognitiva
Authors: Santaella Lucia
Published: January 2020

Para além do leitor de livro, o século XX viu nascer um novo tipo de leitor de imagens na foto, na publicidade e no cinema: o leitor movente. Então, com o surgimento da internet emergiu o leitor imersivo, que navega e interage nas infovias dos ambientes da web. A seguir, o advento das mídias móveis trouxe consigo o leitor ubíquo, aquele que tem acesso à informação em qualquer lugar onde possa estar. Diante desse quadro sequencial e plural, este artigo propõe a necessidade de manter nos ambientes educacionais as habilidades cognitivas do leitor de livro, aqui chamado de contemplativo, na medida em que o livro, dentre todas as mídias, funciona como uma prótese para o desenvolvimento da capacidade reflexiva.
Projeto perdido: os estudos de jornalismo e a via italiana para sua transformação em ciência durante a era fascista
Authors: Rüdiger Francisco
Published: January 2020

O artigo relata em primeira mão, para a comunidade acadêmica de língua portuguesa, as origens, as teses e a fortuna da iniciativa que pretendeu criar uma ciência do jornalismo à época do regime fascista italiano. O estudo é histórico e analítico. A primeira seção contextualiza o assunto. A seguinte apresenta informações sobre seus antecedentes e formulações. Resumindo estudos sobre as ideias de Paolo Orano e Francesco Fattorello, a terceira e quarta seções mostram como a proposta de desenvolver a teoria supôs a história do jornalismo e os termos com que se estabeleceu o programa de estudos da sua ciência. A conclusão fornece indicações sobre como o conjunto do projeto foi abortado com a queda de Mussolini.
Editorial
Authors: Lopes Maria Immacolata Vassallo de , Figaro Roseli , Romancini Richard , Guimarães Luciano
Published: January 2020

Editorial
Franz Kafka no cinema animado
Authors: Rizzatti Luísa , Golin Cida
Published: January 2020

Por meio do diálogo comparado entre audiovisual e literatura, este artigo analisa o conto Um médico rural, de Franz Kafka, e a sua adaptação para o cinema a partir da animação homônima criada pelo japonês Koji Yamamura. O objetivo central é compreender e investigar como as características narrativas e a atmosfera criada no fantástico de Kafka são trabalhadas na animação. Através da análise fílmica, verificamos que os principais recursos utilizados foram as deformações gráficas no desenho das personagens, o exagero nos gestos, a ênfase no modo de se movimentar das figuras, as abruptas mudanças de acelerações e uma colorização com tons frios e amarelados. A ambientação sonora perturbadora do violino e do piano e as interpretações vocais dos dubladores japoneses foram cruciais para recriar o fantástico kafkiano no audiovisual animado sob um novo olhar.
O suicídio de Maiakóvski
Authors: Selner Raquel
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo traz uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito do movimento de crítica literária conhecido como Formalismo Russo (1915-1916) e um de seus teóricos mais proeminentes, Roman Jakobson (1896-1982). Após breve apanhado histórico e biográfico, analisou-se a obra A Geração que Esbanjou seus Poetas (1931), escrita por Jakobson após o suicídio de seu amigo, o poeta Vladimir Maiakóvski (1893-1930). A análise teve por objetivo verificar como Jakobson, em seus comentários sobre os poemas de Maiakóvski, trouxe para sua interpretação questões biográficas do poeta, em especial seu suicídio. Levando em consideração que a primeira fase do Formalismo Russo não admitia a prática do biografismo, entende-se que Jakobson rompeu com alguns paradigmas metodológicos do movimento, conduzindo-o para uma nova fase.
Chklóvski e Tolstói: uma moral do estranhamento
Authors: Villaça Davi Lopes
Published: January 2020

Quando em seu ensaio “A arte como procedimento” Viktor Chklóvski usou alguns trechos de Liev Tolstói como exemplo do que ele próprio definiu como “processo de estranhamento” (ostranenie), tendo em mente certo recurso estilístico muito característico do autor, deu-nos uma chave importante para a compreensão de sua obra. Contudo, embora no mesmo ensaio tenha tentado explicar qual a função do estranhamento na arte e na literatura, não se preocupou em especificar qual a função desse processo na obra de Tolstói, a que efeito particular ele atendia, não indo muito além de constar sua existência. Neste trabalho, refletirei sobre alguns aspectos e passagens da obra de Tolstói, buscando compreender as funções do que nela Chklovski identificou como processo de estranhamento, à luz das considerações mais amplas que o crítico desenvolveu em seus ensaios.
Sade, para além da cruz e da espada
Authors: Bocca Francisco Verardi
Published: January 2020

Também em relação à política Sade foi um enigma, particularmente porque nunca foi sincero sobre ela. Além disso, considerações imprecisas de biógrafos e comentadores contribuem. Esclarecê-lo demanda uma investigação atenta, que espero ter realizado nas obras Sade contre l’Être Suprême (1793) e La philosophie dans le boudoir (1795), redigidas durante o período de instalação da primeira República francesa. Por meio delas revelo Sade tão pouco monarquista quanto republicano. Em acréscimo, em La nouvelle Justine (1797) e Histoire de Juliette (1797), revelo sua filosofia política construída pela condução do materialismo francês levado às últimas consequências, que ilustro pela noção de Orgia.
O acará de Iansã na festa de Santa Bárbara
Authors: Santos Vagner José Rocha
Published: January 2020

Este artigo aborda os hábitos alimentares na festa centenária de Santa Bárbara, que acontece anualmente em Salvador, na Bahia, no dia 04 de dezembro. Além de tratar do tradicional caruru oferecido em honra à santa, o texto visa destacar a presença do acará nas celebrações. Graças à influência afro-diaspórica, a devoção de origem branco-europeia ganhou elementos de matriz africana ao chegar à capital baiana, sendo as comidas à base de azeite de dendê uma prova inconteste. E mesmo o sincretismo afro-católico tendo aproximado Santa Bárbara do orixá Iansã, as divindades são reverenciadas com diferentes comidas. Ao esclarecer essa aparente divergência, o trabalho demonstra a importância do acarajé na festa de 04 de dezembro e a herança africana de celebrar com comida. Para auxiliar na discussão sobre festas populares em Salvador, culinária afro-baiana e sincretismo religioso, o texto dialogou com autores como Edilece Couto (2015), Manuel Querino (2006) e Pierre Verger (1999). Baseado em revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa em periódicos e observação participante, o artigo ressalta a relevância da comensalidade na festa religiosa popular que começou no século XVII e se mantém viva até hoje. Desta forma, o texto evidencia como determinadas comidas se consolidaram enquanto elementos constituintes da festa à Santa Bárbara em Salvador.
Diversidade no prato
Authors: Souza Luiz Enrique Vieira de , Assis José Geraldo De Aquino
Published: January 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em apresentar uma reflexão histórica e sociológica sobre as Plantas Alimentícias Não-Convencionais (PANC) com base em dois eixos centrais. Em primeirolugar,discutimosaimportânciamarginal das PANC no modelo alimentar hegemônico como leitmotiv para uma releitura crítica do “paradoxo do onívoro”, tal como formulado por Claude Fischler. Assim, ao diferenciarmos as razões contraditórias que se opõem ou que favorecem a inclusão dessas plantas nas cadeias de produção e consumo, adotamos um tipo de procedimento teórico- metodológico que confere maior historicidade e concretude às discussões acerca das fronteiras dinâmicas do “comestível”. Em segundo lugar, apresentamos a experiência da Rede PANC-Bahia como uma modalidade original de ativismo alimentar que desenvolve uma série de estratégias orientadas pela valorização da sociobiodiversidade com o propósito de contribuir para a ampliação do cultivo de PANC e sua maior inserção nas dietas das populações rurais e urbanas.
Paradojas de la globalización alimentaria
Authors: Contreras Jesús
Published: January 2020

La historia de la humanidad ha sido, en buena medida, la de la búsqueda de recursos o soluciones para resolver los problemas del hambre, cuantitativa (alimentos) o cualitativa (nutrientes). Gracias a las tecnologías actuales, podría pensarse que la producción y productividad alimentaria han aumentado de tal manera que el hambre podría haber sido totalmente erradicada. Por otro lado, gracias a la investigación biomédica, la prevención de las enfermedades derivadas de la alimentación es hoy más posible que nunca. Podría decirse que estamos frente a un “nuevo orden alimentario”. Sin embargo, a pesar de la sobreabundancia, persiste el hambre; y la ciudadanía, no parece estar convencida de reducir la alimentación a su dimensión nutricional. En efecto, los beneficios de la abundancia alimentaria se hacen menos obvios cuando, por una parte, se pone en duda la calidad de los alimentos producidos y cuando, por otra, se convierte en posible causa de enfermedades y riesgos de diverso alcance. El cambio alimentario tropieza, pues, con una cierta insatisfacción de la ciudadanía confrontada a unos alimentos “industriales”, que los encuentra insípidos, faltos del sabor de antaño e, incluso, peligrosos. Ello coincide, paradójicamente, con el aumento de las reglamentaciones sobre higiene y políticas de calidad puestas en marcha por las autoridades políticas y sanitarias. Por otra parte, muchas de las que fueron soluciones alimentarias en el pasado han tenido “efectos colaterales” que hoy parecen inaceptables por razones de salud, de sostenibilidad ambiental o de desigualdad social. Además, los desarrollos recientes de la tecnología o de la industria alimentaria han perturbado la doble función identificadora de lo culinario – la identificación del alimento y la construcción de la identidad del sujeto.

Así, la progresiva globalización alimentaria provoca una “nostalgia” relativa a los “patrimonios culinarios”. La cocina constituye un patrimonio cultural. La patrimonialización alimentaria se produce en el contexto del conjunto de las transformaciones socioeconómicas contemporáneas y de sus repercusiones en los comportamientos y en las ideas relativas a la alimentación. Identidad y/o patrimonio son nuevos “recursos” de la modernidad y de usos polivalentes. Ya no se trata de producciones mundiales que pierden progresivamente la huella de su lugar de origen sino de productos que, por el contrario, lo encarnan y se espera de ellos que evoquen un territorio, un paisaje, unas costumbres, una identidad.
A estética dos sabores e do poder
Authors: Abrahão Eliane Morelli
Published: January 2020

O propósito desta pesquisa é estudar os banquetes como espaços e instrumentos de poder que engendravam a teia política durante a Primeira República. Busca-se analisar aspectos das práticas alimentares, colocando em perspectiva histórica as ações comportamentais de um segmento da sociedade – elites econômica, política e cultural –, que tornam visíveis a alimentação como uma linguagem de pertencimento social e de fortalecimento da imagem de unidade e modernidade do Estado.
Uma commodity para os sentidos
Authors: Lopes Gustavo Acioli
Published: January 2020

O tabaco esteve entre as commodities a ter rápida difusão global na Era Moderna, a partir das navegações e interações dos europeus com os povos dos demais continentes conhecidos então. Nativo da América, onde era consumido pelos povos originários de várias partes do continente, cerca de um século depois da chegada de Colombo ao Novo Mundo, o tabaco já era conhecido em várias partes da Europa, África, Oriente Médio e Leste Asiático. Neste périplo global, a erva passou de elemento ritualístico a commodity: vendido, trocado, taxado e produzido nas quatro partes do mundo, ganhou a preferência de homens e, em menor medida, mulheres, de todas as camadas sociais. Indivíduos de diversas idades mascavam, aspiravam e/ou fumavam, principalmente, o tabaco das Américas, nas suas diversas variedades. Assim, essa commodity, que conquistava as pessoas pelo paladar, olfato, tato e visão, tornou-se intensamente negociada e difundida nas sociedades que com ela tiveram contato. Proponho-me a abordar essa difusão, destacando seus diversos condicionantes, desde a produção ao consumo do tabaco.
História da alimentação no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Carneiro Henrique Soares
Published: January 2020

A apresentação irá resumir a trajetória recente dos estudos sobre alimentação no Brasil e, especialmente, no âmbito das pesquisas realizadas pelo Laboratório de Estudos Históricos das Drogas e da Alimentação. Também serão destacadas as questões alimentares diante dos impasses da crise do modelo econômico global em seus impactos socioambientais.
Ampliação da segurança alimentar através de material gastronômico com espécies nativas da região Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Matias Andrea Carvalheiro Guerra , Scheliga Paola Biselli Ferreira
Published: January 2020

O Brasil é o principal país dentre os considerados de megabiodiversidade. Esse patrimônio representa um dos principais ativos brasileiros com papel estratégico na solidificação do desenvolvimento nacional. O Bioversity International e o PNUMA, órgãos vinculados à Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO), convidaram o Brasil, o Quênia, o Sri Lanka e a Turquia para o projeto Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition (Projeto BFN), que teve por objetivo a conservação e a promoção do uso sustentável da biodiversidade para melhorar a segurança alimentar e a nutrição humana. Historicamente, o Brasil possui notoriedade por sua variedade cultural também retratada no campo da alimentação. Todavia, alimentos nativos reconhecidamente nutritivos e saborosos foram gradativamente sendo esquecidos ou desvalorizados, até o ponto de serem desconhecidos por grande parte da população local. Dentre as iniciativas brasileiras do Projeto BFN surgiu a proposta de elaboração de um material técnico gastronômico (livro). O presente trabalho apresenta os dados de um recorte deste projeto. As espécies alimentícias nativas utilizadas foram propostas pela Iniciativa “Plantas para o futuro”: Araçá, Cambuci, Grumixama, Jenipapo, Major Gomes, Mangaba, Mangarito, Pequi, Taioba. Para avaliação das características sensoriais e potenciais usos das espécies foram conduzidas oficinas de reconhecimento dos frutos, com posterior prospecção de receitas. As propostas foram testadas e validadas com posterior produção fotográfica. Como resultado, foram desenvolvidas 38 produções. A distribuição das preparações segundo contribuição ao cardápio foi de 37% pratos principais, 26% sobremesas, 17% entradas, 10 acompanhamentos, 6% quitandas e bolos e 4% pães. Estas produções foram reunidas a iniciativas de mesmo caráter da própria região Sudeste e demais regiões do Brasil no livro Biodiversidade Brasileira: Sabores e Aromas, publicado pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente (2018). O desenvolvimento de ações desta natureza, voltadas para a disseminação do uso de espécies nativas do Brasil, contribui para a promoção de demanda ao estudo das características físicas, químicas e nutricionais, com potencial aplicação de técnicas de manejo e conservação que viabilizem a comercialização e o uso destas espécies pela população; promove a melhoria e o incentivo de uma alimentação rica e completa nutricionalmente; e não obstante valoriza a Gastronomia Brasileira e seu patrimônio cultural esquecido e/ou desconhecido por grande parte da população devido ao processo de urbanização e industrialização do país.