bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Barriers for Aquaculture Sector: Review Article on Freshwater Aquaculture
Authors: Laktuka Krista , Sniega Liga , Logins Kalvis , Lauka Dace
Published: May 2023

The EU aquaculture sector, like other sectors of the EU economy, must participate in the ‘green transition’ set out in the European Green Deal. The sector has a particular role to play in contributing to the transition towards sustainable food systems and the development of the bioeconomy and circular economy. Aquatic organisms and fish cultivated in aquacultures are important sources of food and feed, the importance of developing which has been highlighted in several EU policy planning documents. Due to high nutritive value, fish and aquatic organisms are a valuable food source. Despite the rapid growth of aquaculture in Europe and other parts of the world, the promotion of sustainable or organic aquaculture is crucial for the provision of high-quality, locally accessible food. Aquacultures produce relatively low greenhouse gas emissions compared to sources of protein grown on land. However, there is still room for growth, therefore, to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aquacultures and foster more sustainable practices and greater resource and energy efficiency are required. This review article includes an analysis of policy planning documents adopted in Latvia and the EU, outlining opportunities and risks for creating a sustainable aquaculture industry. The purpose of this review article is to identify the most significant problems and obstacles to achieving a sustainable aquaculture system at both the local and European levels. In addition, the review investigates and contrasts recent advancements in aquaculture technological processes and socioeconomic impact factors. Whether aquaculture’s path to sustainability is jeopardized by inefficient consumption of resources and wastes (feed, energy, emissions) at the beginning or end of the organisms’ life cycle.
Opportunities for Bioeconomy Development: A Study of the Latvian Forest Sector and Identification of High-Value Niche Products
Authors: Laktuka Krista , Vamža Ilze , Kubule Anna , Blumberga Dagnija , Rozakis Stelios
Published: May 2023

Climate change, rising food and feed demand, and biodiversity loss necessitate a more sustainable, innovative, and knowledge-based bioeconomy. This research analysed and compiled statistical data, reports, and other official information from Latvian forest sector stakeholders to understand its system components. After identifying main enablers and constraints, a methodology was established to find niche products with high added value through which the potential of the forest sector could be built. The system components of the Latvian forest sector and future growth scenarios for wood-based niche products showed similar outcomes for current constraints and drivers for the bioeconomy and forest sector. As a result, a number of action measures were proposed at government and policy planning level; measures to strengthen research and development, and activities to promote the production of higher value-added products and the development of a sustainable bioeconomy.
Social Life Cycle Assessment of CO2 Valorisation Scenarios: Case Study of Latvia
Authors: Terjaņika Viktorija , Pubule Jelena
Published: May 2023

As technologies develop, the question of their influence and effect on the environment and society becomes even more relevant. This is especially true for relatively young technologies that utilise or capture carbon dioxide. The Social Life Cycle Analysis is an indispensable tool to understand the impact of number of factors on the society and sociological factors due to various CO2 valorisation scenarios in the mid-term to long term. The impact of scenarios on the public are identified based on a multi-regional input/output method of qualitative and quantitative generic data. This work takes into account aspects of health and safety, cultural heritage, the impact of various state structures on the interests of social groups – workers, local communities, society and consumers. The paper considers the factors of CO2 valorization technologies that affect society both positively and negatively.
Transport External Costs Evaluation Case Study
Authors: Mendzins Karlis , Barisa Aiga
Published: May 2023

With the European Union’s goal of becoming a carbon-neutral region by 2050, its member states must follow suit. Businesses are among the actors that have a role to play in implementing this policy. Many companies have set such targets and often commit to becoming carbon neutral even earlier. However, businesses need an economic justification. Financial calculations are usually limited to analysing direct costs, equipment purchases, and maintenance costs, without considering other aspects. This case study examines the external costs of the transportation sector in a waste management company. Transport is the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU after the energy sector and is characterized by increasing CO2 emissions. Based on the company’s case study, the external costs of the vehicles are calculated, which depend on the type of engine and energy used in the vehicles, as well as the travel patterns. In the scenario modelling, these external costs are compared with scenarios with a 100 % battery electric fleet. The results show that the total external costs decrease as the BEV share in the vehicle fleet increases. When analysing transport externalities of the substation project, air pollution, climate change, and noise costs decrease, while WTT emission costs increase.
Sand Partial and Full Replacement in Concrete Composite with Rubber Crumbs
Authors: Kolendo Girts , Kuldaseva Aziza , Korjakins Aleksandrs , Sahmenko Genadijs , Bajare Diana
Published: May 2023

The objective of the research on rubberized concrete that substitutes sand fillers with rubber crumbs by volume or weight is to identify ways to utilize discarded rubber tires and improve the building industry’s sustainability. The research indicates that substituting sand fillers with rubber crumbs can have a substantial effect on the concrete’s physical and mechanical qualities. Significant decreases in flexural strength and compressive strength are observed when 100 % of the sand is replaced with rubber crumbs, showing that the attributes of rubber concrete are weaker than those of conventional concrete. Note that the precise mix design and proportion of rubber crumb replacement will alter the qualities of rubber concrete. Therefore, it is essential to conduct proper laboratory testing and trial mixing in order to optimize the mix design and determine the replacement % that would deliver the needed qualities and match the standards. The flexural strength of the reference sample was 2.7 MPa and its compressive strength was 57.7 MPa, compared to the compressive strength of the sample in which 100 % of the sand was replaced with rubber crumbs. The flexural strength of sr100 was 0.39 MPa and its compressive strength was 4.4 MPa. It is also important to note that rubberized concrete may still have some advantages over ordinary concrete, such as enhanced sound insulation, thermal insulation, and chloride ion penetration resistance. These characteristics may make it useful for applications including sound barriers, underground constructions, and marine structures.
Social Assessment of Healthcare Waste Management
Authors: Kondratenko Inga , Pubule Jeļena , Kalniņš Silvija Nora , Gušča Jūlija
Published: May 2023

Circular economy targets clearly define recovery and recycling as predominant actions for future waste management. However, circularity-oriented actions might not be easily implemented for some types of waste. Healthcare sectors generate non-hazardous municipal waste (up to 80–85 % of all generated waste according to the World Health Organization data) and hazardous infectious waste. Due to public health and the spread of infection risks, healthcare waste treatment needs to be organized in a special manner and moreover, recovered materials need to be tested repeatedly. The present paper aims to analyse the social aspects of health care waste recovery technologies along the supply chain (gate-to-gate approach) – from health care waste collection at medical care institutions to recovered materials at treatment plants. Rotoclave and chemical treatment healthcare waste treatment technologies were analysed as case studies. Methodological approach of the study is based on the UNEP/SETAC guidelines for social life-cycle assessment (S-LCA) of products and questionnaire-based indicators. The results of the assessment will bring the framework for improvement of social aspects of healthcare waste management.
Sound Insertion Loss Performance of Baffles with Devulcanized Waste Rubber
Authors: Vilniškis Tomas , Januševičius Tomas
Published: May 2023

In this study, the insertion loss of devulcanized waste rubber baffles was evaluated. Acoustic baffles are suitable for reducing noise from the devices or machines by interfering with their emitting sound waves. Knowledge of the acoustic properties of the material used is of significant importance in ensuring the effectiveness of the acoustic properties of the baffle. Basic properties include airborne sound insulation, which is usually determined during laboratory testing. Baffle consists of sound absorbing and sound insulating materials. In this study, plasterboards were used as sound insulating material and devulcanized waste rubber as sound absorbing material. Devulcanization targets mostly the scission of sulphur crosslinks. Devulcanization techniques that have been explored in rubber recycling include thermos-chemical, microbiological, ultrasonic microwave thermos-chemical devulcanization in a supercritical carbon dioxide medium (scCO2). In this study, two types of rubber granules were devulcanized by grinding method and one other type was chemically devulcanized. Three types of rubber granules were mixed together in increasing 25 % proportion steps and glued with patented polyurethane glue. Total of 15 different composition devulcanized waste rubber granule boards were made. Rubber boards were attached together with the plasterboards. Insertion loss of the different composite baffles was measured in semi-anechoic chamber in a purposefully designed stand in 1/3rd-octave bands. The results showed that the insertion loss of the baffles depends mostly on the rubber granule board density. Increasing the density of the rubber board, insertion loss also increased. 5–6 dB insertion loss difference was measured between the most and the least dense rubber granule board baffles.
Analysis of Frameworks for the Assessment of the Building Stock Decarbonisation in Europe
Authors: Beltran-Velamazan Carlos , Gómez-Gil Marta , López-Mesa Belinda , Monzón-Chavarrías Marta , González González Francisco Javier
Published: May 2023

The European Union (EU), aware that having an energy efficient building stock is crucial to achieve decarbonisation goals and to improve people’s quality of life, has established a legislative framework made up of Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBDs) and Energy Efficiency Directive (EEDs) to support Member States’ (MS) governments in boosting energy performance of buildings by offering a broad range of policies and support measures. Since 2014, all EU countries must establish a long-term renovation strategy (LTRS) every three years to support the renovation of their national building stock into a highly energy efficient and decarbonised building stock by 2050, contributing to achieving the Member States’ energy and climate plans (NECPs) targets. The requirement for EU countries to adopt a LTRS was first set out in the EED (2010/31/EU) and was revised in 2018 EPBD (2018/844/EU). With the aim of facilitating the interpretation of the latter directive by the national governments, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 was published. In this recommendation a voluntary framework based on progress indicators to assess the decarbonisation of the building stock was proposed. Later, in 2021, a proposal for the recast of the EPBD was launched, and in 2022 it was revised. In these new versions, the LTRs are strengthened towards building renovation plans (BRP). The plans will include national targets in a more unified and comparable approach, and progress will be measured through a compulsory assessment framework based on indicators, among other issues. In this paper, the assessment frameworks proposed in the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786, the proposal for the EPBD recast (2021 version) and the proposal for the EPBD recast (2022 version) are compared. Additionally, 2020 Member States’ LTRSs are analysed, focusing on the indicators that each one proposes to assess the renovation progress in the country. Finally, the level of alignment between the indicators proposed by each national strategy and by the 2022 proposal for the EPBD recast is evaluated in order to identify best practices among MSs to get closer to the future ‘Building renovation plans’.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Energy Policy Measures to Achieve Energy Dependence and Energy Security
Authors: Balode Lauma , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

The publication examines what measures the European Union is currently taking in the energy sector to promote energy security and independence from fossil energy resources. Taking into account the geopolitical situation, the European Commission has launched REPower – a new action plan for Europe on how to save energy, diversify energy supply and use renewable energy resources while rapidly reducing dependence on Russian gas and oil imports. The publication examines which actions are prioritised in planning documents to promote energy security in the European Union and how they align with the priorities set out in Latvia’s NECP to 2030. The indicator approach is used to identify which measures should be ranked higher and which measures need to be revised or improved. At the end, the conclusion is drawn whether the proposed measures will be sufficient to achieve energy security as the geopolitical situation changes.
Common Agricultural Policy in Latvia: Sustainability Assessment
Authors: Dzalbs Arnis
Published: May 2023

Sustainability has become an increasingly important factor in policymaking and investment planning due to environmental, economic, and social concerns. To achieve sustainable development objectives, decision-makers must implement policies encouraging environmentally responsible activities such as enacting laws and regulations, investing in green infrastructure, and encouraging research of new technologies. Furthermore, sustainable investments are essential for the environment and socio-economic development, as they can create jobs, improve livelihoods, and reduce poverty rates.European Union (EU) and its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of oldest and major policies of block. € 387 billion in funding has been allocated to the CAP for the period from 2021 to 2027, or roughly 30 % of EU budget for the period. Latvian national plan for the period 2021–2027 is € 2.5 billion.It is necessary to find correlation between financing and sustainability and how to assess CAP sustainability. Therefore, a study researching the connection between the funds available under European Union’s CAP (Latvian case study) and United Nations sustainability goals is performed using quantitative analysis to evaluate how it promotes implementation of sustainability goals. The research has found that approximately 15 % of CAP will be dedicated to environmental sustainability, while 85 % will be dedicated to social sustainability. Only very few targets are not falling under any UN sustainability goal.The most spread and financially supported UN goal is ‘Decent Work and Economic Growth’ (65 %), followed by goal ‘Climate action’ (15 %).To mitigate the harm to the environment, vertical targets and directions become more environmentally related over years, and specific and proactively available financing tend to be more focused on the environment.The study shows that CAP is sustainable from the UN sustainability perspective. CAP is a dominantly social and business-related program (85 % of activities and financing). From total activities, 15 % are environmentally related. Further research is needed on what would be the best social and environmental division. Results show that policies sustainability can be analysed and quantified using UN Sustainability goals. Research results can be used to analyse other national CAPs in EU.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Agricultural and Forestry Policies in Achieving Environmental Goals through Environmental Policy Documents
Authors: Balode Lauma , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

To achieve the set climate targets by 2030 and become climate neutral by 2050, each Member State must develop a National Energy and Climate Plan (hereinafter – NECP) that contains practical and effective measures to achieve the targets set. The effectiveness of the agricultural and forestry measures defined in the Latvian NECP was assessed through the definition of appropriate indicators, an expert survey, and a composite sustainability index. The linkage between the measures or action lines in the Latvian NECP related to agriculture and forestry, the European Green Deal measures and the objectives of the European Union Bioeconomy Strategy was assessed. The results show that the effectiveness of agricultural and forestry measures is most influenced by factors such as quality, financing, and specificity. The description of the measures should be more detailed, with specific activities, indicators to be achieved, and amounts and funding sources planned for each activity. The lowest scoring measures are specific measures whose impacts cannot be measured and are not explicitly mentioned as relevant in the European Bioeconomy Strategy, the European Green Deal.
Sentiment Analysis in Environmental Sustainability Field by Machine Learning
Authors: Kularbphettong Kunyanuth , Waraporn Phanu , Roonrakwit Pattarapan
Published: May 2023

Environmental sustainability is one of the influential topics of the last decade. Most people have become more environmentally aware and educated environmentally conscious. Sustainability concerns the sustainability of natural resources and environmental protection. The four pillars of sustainability include human, social, economic and environmental. Twitter is a popular social media platform that keeps us updated on the latest news, events and trends from around the world. In 2022, the number of Twitter users in Thailand reached around 11.45 million, accounting for 16.4 % of all Thai people. Also, the fastest growing conversation in Twitter is related to the environment and sustainability. Nowadays, customers pay attention to the environmental and social impact of products they buy. Sentiment Analysis is the process of analyzing emotions or feelings by using machine learning techniques. The main objective of this exploratory study is to conduct social media opinion mining in case of the environmental sustainability field of Thai people. The paper presents the linguistic analysis of the collected data and explains discovered phenomena, including data preprocessing steps, feature extraction, and model construction to determine positive, negative and neutral sentiments. The result reveals that sentiment analysis takes place around the sustainability context mostly in positive terms to make a better understanding of the dynamics and changes in environmental sustainability society.
The Agricultural Sector towards Climate Neutrality
Authors: Vistarte Lelde , Pubule Jeļena , Balode Lauma , Bumbiere Ketija
Published: May 2023

Agriculture is one of the leading sectors which significantly contribute to the increase of GHG emissions, thus contributing to the negative impact that climate change can cause on biodiversity and create extreme weather changes, raise the sea levels, revers ocean currents etc. One of the main objectives of the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is to improve and promote the sustainability of rural regions by providing economic support and direct payments to ensure farmers’ incomes, which can be compared with the level of other sectors. Direct payments are not only a way to reward farmers but also an opportunity to generate income for farmers in an environmentally friendly operation, providing compensation for possible losses due to reduced production intensity or for costs incurred by farmers in applying climate and environmentally-friendly practices. However, the mechanisms used in the CAP – direct payments and subsidies – do not significantly increase agriculture’s sustainability and technological efficiency. Using a results-based scheme, it is possible to see more clearly the relationship between payment and biodiversity achievements; farmers are defined with specific results that must be achieved. Still, no specific actions are being taken taken to arrive at the results. In this article, the analysis based on a sustainability assessment of CAP measures is performed and blind spots are identified.
Extraction of Quince Pomace from Wine Production Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Authors: Luksta Ilze , Mika Taras , Spalvins Kriss
Published: May 2023

The food processing industry generates a large amount of residues, which can be a sustainable and rich source of bioactive compounds. Extracting these compounds using traditional methods can be expensive and use large amounts of toxic and hazardous organic solvents. Supercritical CO2 extraction is an environmentally friendly method for extracting bioactive compounds from industrial residues such as quince pomace. This method uses supercritical CO2, which is the state of CO2 when it reaches critical temperature and pressure, to extract compounds from the sample matrix. This method is considered 'green' because it does not use toxic or hazardous organic solvents and does not cause pollution. Quince pomace is a by-product of the winemaking process and can be used to produce new products that can be incorporated into nutritional, pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Therefore, the authors investigated the extraction of quince pomace using the supercritical CO2 method and analyzed the obtained samples. Overall, quince peel can be upcycled into fiber-rich and bioactive ingredients to endow the value chain with natural food fortifiers, preservatives, and health promoters.
The Synergic Effects of Nano Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Green Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Du Yiying , Korjakins Aleksandrs
Published: May 2023

Concrete materials have been commonly used in building and construction industries. However, the process of cement manufacture has long been connected with high consumption of energy and adverse environmental impacts. In this study, in order to produce innovative green concrete material that consumes lower energy, resources and is more eco-friendly, industrial waste by-product fly ash cenosphere has been utilized as lightweight aggregate to replace cement by 73.3 %. In most conducted researches regarding lightweight concrete (LWC) with cenospheres, attempts have been made to improve its physicomechanical properties by the inclusion of fibre materials, while limited studies have been performed to investigate the effects of nano additives, especially the synergic influence of them. Therefore, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the dosage of 0.05 %, 0.15 %, 0.45 % and nano silica (NS) with the content of 0.2 %, 0.6 %, 1.0 % by cement weight were used in this study as reinforcing fillers on the LWC. Experiments including flexural strength test, compressive strength test, water absorption and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to evaluate the mechanical behaviors and the hydration characteristics of the produced LWC. Based on the experimental outcomes, the incorporation of CNTs and NS can effectively enhance both the flexural and compressive strength and reduce the absorbed water weight. The results from the thermogravimetric analysis reveal that the binary presence of CNTs and NS exerts positive impacts on the cement hydration reaction.
Temperament and character in an Australian sample: examining cross-sectional associations of personality with age, sex, and satisfaction with life
Authors: Eley Diann S. , Bansal Vikas , Cloninger C. Robert , Leung Janni
Published: May 2023

Objective

Personality can influence how we interpret and react to our day-to-day life circumstances. Temperament and character are the primary dimensions of personality, and both are influenced genetically. Temperament represents our emotional core, while character reflects our goals and values as we develop through life. Research shows that where people live, their social, economic, and physical environment can influence attitudes and behaviors, and these have links to variations in personality traits. There are few studies that focus on Australian personality as temperament and character. Using an Australian general population sample, we examined the psychometric properties of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCIR140) and investigated the associations between TCIR140 traits with both sociodemographic variables and measures of well-being. In addition, we investigated differences in temperament and character between our Australian general population sample and published results of similar studies from other countries.

Methods

Australians (N = 1,510) completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCIR-140), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined the TCIR-140 psychometrics. Correlation analyzes, independent sample t-tests and ANOVA with post-hoc comparisons analyzed the sample.

Results

Cronbach’s alphas were high, ranging from α = 0.78–0.92, and the CFA confirmed two constructs of temperament and character. Females were higher in Harm Avoidance (p < 0.001), Reward Dependence (p < 0.001), and Cooperativeness (p < 0.001) compared to males, who were higher in Self-Directedness (p < 0.001). Age groups showed significant differences among all temperament and character traits (p < 0.001) except for Reward Dependence (p = 0.690). Young adults had the least resilient personality profile and poorest measures of well-being. Correlations with measures of temperament and character, well-being and affect were all in the expected direction.

Conclusions

Temperament and character are related to indicators of wellbeing and differs by age and sex. This Australian sample demonstrate a temperament that is high in Persistence and a character high in Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness with an overall postive affect and a general satisfaction with life. In comparison to other countries, Australians in this sample differ in levels of several traits, demonstrating a cautious and independent temperament with a character that is cooperative, industrious, and self-reliant. Young-adults in comparison to older groups have a temperament and character profile that is prone to negative emotions and a lower satisfaction with life.
Acacia pendula (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales: Cunningham’s collection from April 1825 and its implications
Authors: Bell Stephen , Driscoll Colin
Published: May 2023

Previous debate on the status of Acacia pendula A.Cunn. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the natural flora ofthe Hunter region of New South Wales remains unresolved. However, the discovery of a journal entry and aspecimen of Acacia pendula collected from ‘Hunter’s River’ by Allan Cunningham in April 1825 potentiallyprovide evidence for its long-term presence there. Close examination of a scan of this specimen reveals a poormatch to the lectotype for this species, and its infertile nature means that it cannot be positively identifiedusing taxonomic keys. Rediscovery of a small group of Acacia ‘pendula’ plants near to where Cunninghamtravelled in 1825 confirms the sterile and root-suckering habit of the species which is consistent with thosegrowing elsewhere in the region. Despite this find, Cunningham’s journal entry and collection provide noconfirmation that Acacia pendula naturally occurred extensively in the region (although it may have beenvery rare) but could suggest either that he had located one of the first introduced stands of the species in theregion (through indigenous people or European settlers), or that these sterile root-suckering plants representa currently un-named taxon or un-recognised hybrid. Final resolution of Hunter Valley populations of Acaciapendula s. lat. may only be attained through genetic studies.
Logistics management in e-commerce: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Gomes Alysson Cáceres , De Lima Junior Francisco Bezerra , Soliani Rodrigo Duarte , Oliveira Pollyana Rufino de Souza , De Oliveira Dion Alves , Siqueira Reinaldo Maia , Nora Leonardo Augusto Rodrigues da Silva , De Macêdo Jailson Juracy Souza
Published: May 2023

Logistics management is a crucial component of success for companies operating in the retail industry. As the popularity of online shopping continues to grow, businesses must implement efficient logistics practices to satisfy customers, cut costs, and maintain a competitive edge. This article offers a comprehensive overview of logistics management in e-commerce, with a focus on identifying challenges, opportunities, strategies, and solutions that can help companies improve their logistics processes and succeed in a highly competitive market. It was employed the methodology of a literature review, which involves a structured and organized analysis of published scientific articles related to the topic. The study follows a five-step process for conducting a comprehensive and critical review of knowledge related to logistics management. The literature review conducted analyzed a selection of 70 studies and highlighted numerous noteworthy challenges in logistics management faced by e-commerce companies, such as managing order volume and storage, accurately tracking inventory, and ensuring timely shipping and delivery. To overcome these challenges, companies can invest in infrastructure, inventory management strategies, transportation management systems, optimization of delivery routes, and emerging technologies such as drones and robots for deliveries. The adoption of these technologies can significantly enhance logistics process efficiency, minimize errors, and boost customer satisfaction. By implementing efficient logistics practices, companies can offer their customers a smooth and hassle-free shopping experience, which can translate into long-term customer loyalty and higher sales.
Effects of PAH Mixtures on Haematological, Hepatic and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Osuagwu Uchechukwu O. , Ujowundu Cosmas O. , Nwaogu Linus A. , Nwaoguikpe Reginald N.
Published: May 2023

Haematological, hepatic and oxidative stress parameters in juvenile Clarias gariepinus exposed to a combined ternary mixture of naphthalene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene were investigated under static-renewal bioassay conditions. The test organisms were exposed to two levels of treatments of the mixed compounds for a period of 35 days. Red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Hct) were significantly lowered in exposed fish compared to the control. Significant decreases were also observed in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). White blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) counts were significantly raised in exposed organisms compared to the control. There were significant reductions in total plasma protein and bilirubin. While increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significant, that of glutahthione s-tranferase (GST) was not significant.
Effect of fungicide treatment and nitrogen fertilisation on the yield of two breeding types of winter oilseed rape cultivars
Authors: Wójtowicz Marek , Wójtowicz , Andrzej , Jajor Ewa , Korbas Marek
Published: May 2023

The effect of three fungicide treatment programmes and the level of spring nitrogen fertilisation on the seed yield of two types ofcultivars of Brassica napus L. sown at two different seeding rates was studied in a field experiment. The subject of the study was anopen-pollinated cultivar ‘Casoar’ and a restored hybrid cultivar ‘Visby’. Three plant protection programmes, two levels of spring nitrogenfertilisation (160 and 220 kg N⋅ha1), and two different seeding rates for each cultivar (‘Visby’—50 and 70 seeds⋅⋅m2; ‘Casoar’—60 and 80 seeds⋅m2) were included. The most intensive protection programme comprised three fungicide treatments: first in autumn at the six-leaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16, second in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33, and third at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65. One of two less intensive programmes of plant protection included fungicide application in autumn at the sixleaves-unfolded stage—BBCH 16 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65, while the second included fungicide application in spring at the stem elongation stage—BBCH 33 and at the full flowering stage—BBCH 65. The effectiveness of the protection programmes and nitrogen fertilisation was influenced by the intensity of abiotic stress factors. The average yield from the plots protected against pathogens was significantly higher than that from the untreated plots. The increase of nitrogen fertilisation from 160 to 220 kg⋅ha1 also caused a significant increase of average seed yield. The yield of cultivar ‘Visby’ was higher and less dependent on the seeding rate compared to cultivar ‘Casoar’.Keywords: Winter oilseed rape; Cultivars; Disease control; Nitrogen fertilisation; Seeding rate; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;           Leptosphaeria spp.; Alternaria spp. Botrytis cinerea.
Simultaneous green synthesis of Magnetite-Nanoparticles MNPs using microalgae Spirulina sp. for antibacterial activity
Authors: Saaduldeen Anwer Sewgil
Published: May 2023

Biosynthesize of Magnetic Nanoparticles MNPs is the environmentally friendly synthesis of nanoparticles that can be used as an alternative to commercially available antibiotics. The present study aimed to determine the ability of biosynthesized magnetic nanoparticles of Spirulina sp. for antibacterial activity. Microalgae isolated from the Gomaspan river cultured on BG11 medium and, is identified using morphology and molecular method and the optimum growth rate of microalgae studied, the biomass used to synthesize of MNPs then was characterized by a visible color change and Scanning electron microscope SEM, FTIR with XRD. Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina sp. and biosynthesize of MNPs. studied using different extracts (ethanol, methanol and Diethyl ether) against growth of Salmonella Typhi, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and pseudomonas aerogenes by disc diffusion and Minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The antibacterial activity from microalgae Spirulina sp. and biosynthesized MNPs from Spirulina sp. showed to inhibit growth of bacteria with both methods and the higher inhibition zone showed as (30-37mm). The minimum inhibition concentration showed with ethanol extract (125-500 µg/l). The current study is first report an eco-friendly and convenient method for the synthesis of MNPs using Microalgae Spirulina sp. extracts. This biosynthetic process might be useful pharmaceuticals, and medicine treatment of pathogenic bacteria.
Keywords: Nanoparticle, Magnetic, Spirulina, Antibacterial, solvent extract
Effect of different soil amendments on irrigation and crop yields in the oases of southern Tunisia
Authors: Nissaf Karbout  , Fatma Ezzahra Ben Azaiez  , Habib Bousnina  , Habib Lamourou  , Mohamed Moussa  , Zriba Zied
Published: May 2023

In the oasis agro-system, salinization and hydromorphy are the principal degradation factors that negatively affect the soils. These two processes are the result of the rise of the water table caused by the overdose of irrigations. To counteract soil degradation and restore field productivity, the oasis farmers turn to use sandy and manure amendments. Therefore, three treatments (Control (C), sandy amendment (T1) and   combined amendments composed by sand and manure (T2)) has been applied in Nefzaoua oasis to evaluate the effect of different amendments on oasis soil fertility, irrigation parameters, and barley yield. Results showed that T2 enhanced yield parameter (3,07 t/ha) compared to control treatment (1.85 t / ha) thanks to the improvement in the total nitrogen concentration (1.38 g kg -1), soil organic carbon (28.74 g kg- 1) and therefore C / N ratio (20.78) for T2 treatment at the level of the 0-20 cm layer. The results revealed that sand + manure combination (T2) enhanced the irrigation dose that can be effectively applied for the barley plants (19.61 mm) compared to the control treatment (15.49 mm) and T1 treatment (12.26 mm). In addition, the combined treatment T2 declined significantly the oasis soil bulk density leading to rise the porosity of the top layers (0-20 cm). Our results obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the combined amendment composed of sand and manure in improving the fertility and productivity of the amended oasis soil.
Keywords: Soil amendments, irrigation, agro-system, soil degradation
High growth hormone serum partially protects mice against Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Mora‐Criollo Patricia , Basu Reetobrata , Qian Yanrong , Funk Kevin , Bell Stephen , Young Jonathan A. , List Edward O. , Costales Jaime A. , Guevara‐Aguirre Jaime , Grijalva Mario J. , Kopchick John J.
Published: May 2023

Chagas disease (CD) is one of the most devasting parasitic diseases in the Americas, affecting 7–8 million people worldwide. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH) serum levels decrease as CD progresses. Interestingly, inactivating mutations in the GH receptor in humans result in Laron syndrome (LS), a clinical entity characterized by increased serum levels of GH and decreased insulin growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). The largest cohort of LS subjects lives in the southern provinces of Ecuador. Remarkably, no clinical CD cases have been reported in these individuals despite living in highly endemic areas. In the current ex vivo study, we employed serum from GHR−/− mice, also known as LS mice (a model of GH resistance with high GH and low IGF‐1 levels), and serum from bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice (high GH and IGF‐1), to test the effect on Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We infected mouse fibroblast L‐cells with T. cruzi (etiological CD infectious agent) and treated them with serum from each mouse type. Treatment with GHR−/− serum (LS mice) significantly decreased L‐cell infection by 28% compared with 48% from control wild‐type mouse serum (WT). Treatment with bGH mouse serum significantly decreased infection of cells by 41% compared with 54% from WT controls. Our results suggest that high GH and low IGF‐1 in blood circulation, as typically seen in LS individuals, confer partial protection against T. cruzi infection. This study is the first to report decreased T. cruzi infection using serum collected from two modified mouse lines with altered GH action (GHR−/− and bGH).
Focal lesions following intracerebral gene therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA
Authors: Bugiani Marianna , Abbink Truus E. M. , Edridge Arthur W. D. , van der Hoek Lia , Hillen Anne E. J. , van Til Niek P. , Hu‐A‐Ng Gino V. , Breur Marjolein , Aiach Karen , Drevot Philippe , Hocquemiller Michaël , Laufer Ralph , Wijburg Frits A. , van der Knaap Marjo S.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPSIIIA) caused by recessive SGSH variants results in sulfamidase deficiency, leading to neurocognitive decline and death. No disease‐modifying therapy is available. The AAVance gene therapy trial investigates AAVrh.10 overexpressing human sulfamidase (LYS‐SAF302) delivered by intracerebral injection in children with MPSIIIA. Post‐treatment MRI monitoring revealed lesions around injection sites. Investigations were initiated in one patient to determine the cause.

Methods

Clinical and MRI details were reviewed. Stereotactic needle biopsies of a lesion were performed; blood and CSF were sampled. All samples were used for viral studies. Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and transcriptome analysis were performed on brain tissue of the patient and various controls.

Results

MRI revealed focal lesions around injection sites with onset from 3 months after therapy, progression until 7 months post therapy with subsequent stabilization and some regression. The patient had transient slight neurological signs and is following near‐normal development. No evidence of viral or immunological/inflammatory cause was found. Immunohistochemistry showed immature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, oligodendrocyte apoptosis, strong intracellular and extracellular sulfamidase expression and hardly detectable intracellular or extracellular heparan sulfate. No activation of the unfolded protein response was found.

Interpretation

Results suggest that intracerebral gene therapy with local sulfamidase overexpression leads to dysfunction of transduced cells close to injection sites, with extracellular spilling of lysosomal enzymes. This alters extracellular matrix composition, depletes heparan sulfate, impairs astrocyte and oligodendrocyte function, and causes cystic white matter degeneration at the site of highest gene expression. The AAVance trial results will reveal the potential benefit–risk ratio of this therapy.
Development of American College of Rheumatology Quality Measures for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Modified Delphi Process With Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry Data Review
Authors: Bartels Christie M. , Jorge April , Feldman Candace H. , Zell JoAnn , Bermas Bonnie , Barber Claire E. H. , Duarte‐García Alí , Garg Shivani , Haseley Leah , Jatwani Shraddha , Johansson Tracy , Limanni Alex , Rodgers Wendy , Rovin Brad H. , Santiago‐Casas Yesenia , Suter Lisa G. , Barnado April , Ude Jennifer , Aguirre Alfredo , Li Jing , Schmajuk Gabriela , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: May 2023

Objective

We aimed to develop readily measurable digital quality measure statements for clinical care in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a multistep process guided by consensus methods.

Methods

Using a modified Delphi process, an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) workgroup of SLE experts reviewed all North American and European guidelines from 2000 to 2020 on treatment, monitoring, and phenotyping of patients with lupus. Workgroup members extracted quality constructs from guidelines, rated these by importance and feasibility, and generated evidence‐based quality measure statements. The ACR Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry was queried for measurement data availability. In 3 consecutive Delphi sessions, a multidisciplinary Delphi panel voted on the importance and feasibility of each statement. Proposed measures with consensus on feasibility and importance were ranked to identify the top 3 measures.

Results

Review of guidelines and distillation of 57 quality constructs resulted in 15 quality measure statements. Among these, 5 met high consensus for importance and feasibility, including 2 on treatment and 3 on laboratory monitoring measures. The 3 highest‐ranked statements were recommended for further measure specification as SLE digital quality measures: 1) hydroxychloroquine use, 2) limiting glucocorticoid use >7.5 mg/day to <6 months, and 3) end‐organ monitoring of kidney function and urine protein excretion at least every 6 months.

Conclusion

The Delphi process selected 3 quality measures for SLE care on hydroxychloroquine, glucocorticoid reduction, and kidney monitoring. Next, measures will undergo specification and validity testing in RISE and US rheumatology practices as the foundation for national implementation and use in quality improvement programs.

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Electrospinning and Cell Fibers in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhao Qilong , Du Xuemin , Wang Min
Published: May 2023

Human body tissues such as muscle, blood vessels, tendon/ligaments, and nerves have fiber‐like fascicle morphologies, where ordered organization of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) within the bundles in specific 3D manners orchestrates cells and ECM to provide tissue functions. Through engineering cell fibers (which are fibers containing living cells) as living building blocks with the help of emerging “bottom‐up” biomanufacturing technologies, it is now possible to reconstitute/recreate the fiber‐like fascicle morphologies and their spatiotemporally specific cell‐cell/cell‐ECM interactions in vitro, thereby enabling the modeling, therapy, or repair of these fibrous tissues. In this article, a concise review is provided of the “bottom‐up” biomanufacturing technologies and materials usable for fabricating cell fibers, with an emphasis on electrospinning that can effectively and efficiently produce thin cell fibers and with properly designed processes, 3D cell‐laden structures that mimic those of native fibrous tissues. The importance and applications of cell fibers as models, therapeutic platforms, or analogs/replacements for tissues for areas such as drug testing, cell therapy, and tissue engineering are highlighted. Challenges, in terms of biomimicry of high‐order hierarchical structures and complex dynamic cellular microenvironments of native tissues, as well as opportunities for cell fibers in a myriad of biomedical applications, are discussed.
Correlation analysis and fault detection of current and speed signals for underwater thruster entanglement
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Geng Jiaying , Wang Ning
Published: May 2023

The fault detection with a single sensor cannot comprehensively use the multi‐sensor correlation information of underwater thruster. To solve the issue that in the case of entanglement, a kind of fault diagnosis method of underwater thruster based on the combination of current and rotational speed signal correlation analysis and support vector machine is proposed. Firstly, the collected current and speed signals of underwater thrusters under different states are normalized, the variable sampling data points is adopted to refine the time of fault occurrence; Secondly, the cross correlation and autocorrelation coefficients of normalized current and speed signals are calculated based the variable sampling data points number and the correlation matrix is formed at different sampling time based on the cross correlation and autocorrelation coefficients. Finally, the support vector machine was applied to diagnose whether or not the fault produces and the time of fault occurrence with the correlation coefficients sequence. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the fault simulation platform and data acquisition software are designed, the fault data in the case of thruster with entanglement are collected in time to test the proposed method. The results show that compared with the fault diagnosis method using only one speed or current signal, the proposed analytical method based on the correlation coefficients can fully extract the correlation information of underwater thruster fault, and the time extraction of fault occurrence is more sufficient, effectively improving the accuracy of underwater thruster fault diagnosis.