bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaching consensus on definitions for food and physical activity policies: experience from the Policy Evaluation Network
Authors: Kelly Liam , Twohig Cliona , Woods Catherine B , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Murrin Celine , Lien Nanna , Meshkovska Biljana , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Poelman Maartje P , Terragani Laura , Forberger Sarah , Hebestreit Antje , Ahrens Wolfgang , Harrington Janas M
Published: November 2022

Background

An upsurge in policy evaluation research within public health sciences has led to multi-disciplinary research networks like the ‘Policy Evaluation Network’ (PEN). This multi-disciplinary collaboration highlighted the need for consensus on clear, common terminology and definitions to facilitate the multi-disciplinary research. This article outlines the development process of the PEN definitions glossary tool, with a focus on the key domains of policy design, implementation and outcomes as they apply to physical activity, sedentary behaviour and dietary behaviours.

Methods

A project specific participatory process was undertaken, involving PEN researchers (n = 48) from seven European countries across various disciplinary backgrounds. All involved researchers were invited to identify and collate definitions that were commonly used in their research field. Terms and definitions were discussed and debated during three online workshops. Subsequently, the definitions were discussed and refined until consensus was reached.

Results

Consensus definitions for 93 terms related to the evaluation of policy design, implementation and outcomes are provided. Consensus was reached on a range of terms where the terms were understood and used differently across represented disciplines (e.g. ‘Outcome’ and ‘Impact’). A conceptual ‘Inter-relations in policy-related concepts’ diagram was developed to enable navigation through an online database with key terms.

Conclusions

The definitions resulting from this participatory process has supported PEN researchers and practitioners across disciplines to reach a shared understanding of different terms related to policy evaluation. Thus, providing a platform for avoiding conflicting use of the same terms in differing contexts over the course of the PEN work programme, facilitating clear and consistent communication, and allowing for clarity within collaborative multi-disciplinary projects and in public-facing messages.
Dietary behaviour and physical activity policies in Europe: learnings from the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN)
Authors: Ahrens Wolfgang , Brenner Hermann , Flechtner-Mors Marion , Harrington Janas M , Hebestreit Antje , Kamphuis Carlijn B M , Kelly Liam , Laxy Michael , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Mazzocchi Mario , Murrin Celine , Poelman Maartje P , Steenhuis Ingrid , Roos Gun , Steinacker Jürgen M , van Lenthe Frank , Zeeb Hajo , Zukowska Joanna , Lakerveld Jeroen , Woods Catherine B
Published: November 2022

The European Policy Evaluation Network (PEN), initiated in autumn 2018, aimed at advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Europe. This is needed because non-communicable diseases—the leading cause of global mortality—are substantially caused by physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary behaviours, which in turn are driven by upstream factors that have not yet been addressed effectively by prevention approaches. Thus, successful policy interventions are required that target entire populations and tackle the ‘causes of the causes’. To advance our knowledge on the effective implementation of policies and their impact in terms of improving health behaviours, PEN focused on five research tasks: (i) Adaptation and implementation of a Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) and development of a Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI); (ii) Mapping of health-related indicators needed for policy evaluation and facilitating a harmonized pan-European approach for surveillance to assess the impact of policy interventions; (iii) Refining quantitative methods to evaluate the impact of public policies; (iv) Identifying key barriers and facilitators of implementation of policies; and (v) Advance understanding the equity impact of the development, implementation and evaluation of policies aimed at promoting physical activity and a healthy diet. Finally, and in order to provide concrete evidence for policymaking, existing exemplary policies, namely sugar-sweetened beverages taxation, active transport policies and school policies on nutrition and physical activity were assessed in consideration of these five tasks. At the end of the PEN project’s formal runtime, considerable advancements have been made. Here, we present an overview of the most important learnings and outputs.
Olympe de Gouges: ‘Si cette femme n’avoit pas de fusées dans la tête’
Authors: Viguier Audrey
Published: November 2022

This article shows how some androcentric representations affected Olympe de Gouges to the point that she was neither seen as the embodiment of the French Revolution, nor as one who ever embraced the revolutionary project. Through the work of Franco-Greek philosopher Cornélius Castoriadis on the imaginary institution of society, it will explore Gouges’s dissidence regarding the democratic project of the Revolution. Between her explicit demand for women’s autonomy and the desire to participate actively in the political institutions, the article shows how the Gouges’s radical imagination made her create her own version of what a revolutionary woman is, thereby allowing her to create both a political and social fantasy deeply rooted in imagination and counter-revolution. Her radical imagination reveals how she never embodied the revolutionary praxis since she refused to accept the implicit and instituted power of society, at an important time in French history.
Temporal phenomic predictions from unoccupied aerial systems can outperform genomic predictions
Authors: Adak Alper , Murray Seth C , Anderson Steven L
Published: November 2022

A major challenge of genetic improvement and selection is to accurately predict individuals with the highest fitness in a population without direct measurement. Over the last decade, genomic predictions (GP) based on genome-wide markers have become reliable and routine. Now phenotyping technologies, including unoccupied aerial systems (UAS also known as drones), can characterize individuals with a data depth comparable to genomics when used throughout growth. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that the prediction power of temporal UAS phenomic data can achieve or exceed that of genomic data. UAS data containing red–green–blue (RGB) bands over 15 growth time points and multispectral (RGB, red-edge and near infrared) bands over 12 time points were compared across 280 unique maize hybrids. Through cross-validation of untested genotypes in tested environments (CV2), temporal phenomic prediction (TPP), outperformed GP (0.80 vs 0.71); TPP and GP performed similarly in 3 other cross-validation scenarios. Genome-wide association mapping using area under temporal curves of vegetation indices (VIs) revealed 24.5% of a total of 241 discovered loci (59 loci) had associations with multiple VIs, explaining up to 51% of grain yield variation, less than GP and TPP predicted. This suggests TPP, like GP, integrates small effect loci well improving plant fitness predictions. More importantly, TPP appeared to work successfully on unrelated individuals unlike GP.
Missionaries, the State, and Labour in Colonial Kenya c.1909–c.1919: the ‘Gospel of Work’ and the ‘Able-Bodied Male Native’
Authors: Cunningham Tom
Published: November 2022

This article is a study of the role of the Church of Scotland Mission within the labour system in colonial Kenya at the start of the twentieth century. With their ‘Gospel of Work’, their government-funded technical apprenticeship scheme, and a series of legal-political interventions to regulate the settler economy, the Mission played a crucial role in the augmentation of the colonial state and capitalism in Kenya’s highlands. Examining how this ostensibly ‘benign’ Christian project became entangled within colonial networks incarceration, coercion, and abuse, this article offers a fresh perspective onto established histories of labour, violence, and colonial rule in Kenya.
Determination and prediction of the available energy and amino acids digestibility of full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs
Authors: Wang Li , Zeng Zhengcheng , Hu Qile , Wang Lu , Shi Huangwei , Lai Changhua , Zhang Shuai
Published: November 2022

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents, as well as the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs. Ten full-fat soybean samples were collected from different areas in China and used in two experiments in this study. In Exp. 1, 66 growing pigs (initial body weight = 18.48 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 11 diets (n = 6) including a corn basal diet and 10 experimental diets formulated by replacing the corn with 30% full-fat soybean. In Exp. 2, 11 growing pigs (initial body weight = 50.45 ± 3.2 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and arranged in a 6 × 11 Youden square design with 11 diets and 6 periods. The diets included an N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 experimental diets formulated with full-fat soybeans as the sole source of amino acids. Chromic oxide was added into the diets as an indigestible maker to calculate the digestibility of the amino acids. Results showed that there was considerable variation in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and trypsin inhibitor contents in the 10 full-fat soybean samples with a coefficient of variation greater than 10%. On a dry matter basis, the averaged digestible energy and metabolizable energy values in the 10 full-fat soybean samples were 4,855 and 4,555 kcal/kg, respectively, both were positively correlated with the ether extract content. The best-fitted prediction equations for digestible energy and metabolizable energy of full-fat soybean were: digestible energy, kcal/kg = 3,472 + 94.87 × ether extract − 97.63 × ash (R2 = 0.91); metabolizable energy, kcal/kg = 3,443 + 65.11 × ether extract − 36.84 × trypsin inhibitor (R2 = 0.91). In addition, all full-fat soybean samples showed high apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility values in amino acids and were all within the range of previously published values. Those values significantly varied among different samples (P < 0.05) for most amino acids, except for glycine and proline. In conclusion, full-fat soybean is a high-quality protein ingredient with high ileal digestibility of amino acids when fed to growing pigs, and the metabolizable energy value of full-fat soybean could be predicted based on its ether extract and trypsin inhibitor contents.
Fixed-loop TEM surveying using the SQUID magnetometer for deep mineral exploration in a conductive area
Authors: Wu Junjie , Zhi Qingquan , Wang Xingchun , Deng Xiaohong , Liu Yuge , Chen Xiaodong
Published: November 2022

The Baiyun gold deposits in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area have significant deep exploration potential. Transient electromagnetic (TEM) exploration is conducted to identify ore-bearing strata and ore-controlling structures in the mining area’s periphery. Previous tests have revealed that it is challenging to penetrate the conductive layer to obtain deep information using a conventional in-loop TEM method with an induction coil. Field data are acquired using a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) superconductive quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer with a fixed-loop configuration. The exploration results indicate that the SQUID TEM system can detect the distribution of ore-bearing strata, and the ore-control structures within deep formations. The paper explores two extension areas in the east and west of the Baiyun thrust nappe structural belt. The inversion results reveal that the Baiyun gold deposit is significantly compressed, with noticeable thrusts and faults. Since the thrust fault zone extends to the south stably, the lower section has a gentle dip angle favorable area for deep prospecting.
Environmental factors determining the forest–grassland variation in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve—Brazil
Authors: Costa Thaís Ribeiro , de Moura Cristiane Coelho , da Silva Leovandes Soares , Gonzaga Anne Priscila Dias , Rech André Rodrigo , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça
Published: November 2022

Knowledge concerning the processes involved in defining the boundaries between rainforests (fire-sensitive) and open formations (fire-tolerant) is essential to safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services, especially under climate change and increased anthropogenic pressure. Here, we investigated the main environmental factors involved in the co-occurrence of forest islands and humid grasslands located in a protected area in the Espinhaço Biosphere Reserve, southeastern Brazil. We used permanent plots to collect the soil variables (moisture and chemical properties) in the forest islands. For sampling in wet grasslands, we installed four lines of 30 m from the edge of the islands in different directions. Subsequently, we delimited three points on each line10 m apart, totaling 12 points per area. We also surveyed the vegetation cover before and after prescribed burns. The environmental variables were subjected to tests of means and principal component analysis. We observed higher values of potassium, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity and organic matter in soils from forest islands than in wet grasslands. Therefore, the boundaries’ definition between the two vegetation types appeared to be primarily related to soil fertility and moisture gradients. After prescribed burning of the areas, no regeneration of arboreal individuals was detected near the edges of the islands. Therefore, our results suggest that forest islands are unable to expand due to well-defined edapho-climatic conditions. Thus, these environments should be a target focus for designing public conservation policies because they increase the complexity of the landscape of Campos Rupestres vegetation (mountain rocky grasslands).
On the Humanism of the Religious Idea: Ludwig Philippson’s Confrontation with Christianity
Authors: Jungheim Elias S
Published: November 2022

This article is the first to address the series of lectures given by Rabbi Ludwig Philippson in Magdeburg in the course of 1847. There, he presented his concept of the religious idea to a public and not explicitly Jewish audience; a concept that is later found in many of his writings on the theory of religion. The focus of this article is Philippson’s confrontation with Christianity and the question of how this confrontation contributed to locating his own Judaism in the discourses of his time.
Fingerprints as Predictors of Schizophrenia: A Deep Learning Study
Authors: Salvador Raymond , García-León María Ángeles , Feria-Raposo Isabel , Botillo-Martín Carlota , Martín-Lorenzo Carlos , Corte-Souto Carmen , Aguilar-Valero Tania , Gil-Sanz David , Porta-Pelayo David , Martín-Carrasco Manuel , del Olmo-Romero Francisco , Maria Santiago-Bautista Jose , Herrero-Muñecas Pilar , Castillo-Oramas Eglee , Larrubia-Romero Jesús , Rios-Alvarado Zoila , Antonio Larraz-Romeo José , Guardiola-Ripoll Maria , Almodóvar-Payá Carmen , Fatjó-Vilas Mestre Mar , Sarró Salvador , McKenna Peter J ,   HHFingerprints Group, González-Pablos Emilio , Negro-González Emilio , María Castells Bescos Eva , Felipe Martínez Elena , Muñoz Hermoso Paula , Camaño Serna Cora , Rebolleda Gil Carlos , Feliz Muñoz Carmen , Sevillano De La Fuente Paula , Sánchez Perez Manuel , Arrece Iriondo Izascun , Vicente Jauregui Berecibar José , Domínguez Panchón Ana , Felices de la Fuente Alfredo , Bosque Gabarre Clara , Pomarol-Clotet Edith
Published: November 2022

Background and Hypothesis

The existing developmental bond between fingerprint generation and growth of the central nervous system points to a potential use of fingerprints as risk markers in schizophrenia. However, the high complexity of fingerprints geometrical patterns may require flexible algorithms capable of characterizing such complexity.

Study Design

Based on an initial sample of scanned fingerprints from 612 patients with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis and 844 healthy subjects, we have built deep learning classification algorithms based on convolutional neural networks. Previously, the general architecture of the network was chosen from exploratory fittings carried out with an independent fingerprint dataset from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The network architecture was then applied for building classification algorithms (patients vs controls) based on single fingers and multi-input models. Unbiased estimates of classification accuracy were obtained by applying a 5-fold cross-validation scheme.

Study Results

The highest level of accuracy from networks based on single fingers was achieved by the right thumb network (weighted validation accuracy = 68%), while the highest accuracy from the multi-input models was attained by the model that simultaneously used images from the left thumb, index and middle fingers (weighted validation accuracy = 70%).

Conclusion

Although fitted models were based on data from patients with a well established diagnosis, since fingerprints remain lifelong stable after birth, our results imply that fingerprints may be applied as early predictors of psychosis. Specially, if they are used in high prevalence subpopulations such as those of individuals at high risk for psychosis.
Mental Hygiene in Interwar Germany: Public Health Films Between Science and Superstition
Authors: Killen Andreas
Published: November 2022

During the interwar period, German mental hygienists sought to establish their field as the vanguard of a comprehensive project for the reform and management of society along scientific lines, a project whose advance would crown theirs, in the words of psychiatrist Carl Schneider, as ‘queen of the bio-medical sciences’. Specialists in this field identified the future success of their project with a public health campaign intended to eradicate all forms of alternative or esoteric healing, often lumped together under the rubric of ‘superstition’. This paper examines this campaign, focussing specifically on the genre of the ‘hygienic enlightenment film’, and at the tense dynamic that arose between the prohibition of non-licensed forms of medicine on the one hand and the advancement of controversial forms of hygienic doctrine on the other.
Identification of the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Spot on Watermelon in China
Authors: Qiao Pei , Zhao Mei , Liu Dehua , Guan Wei , Bai Qingrong , Yang Yuwen , Zhao Tingchang
Published: November 2022

Watermelon diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria were endemic in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces from 2019 to 2020 in China, resulting in serious economic losses to the watermelon industry. This study characterized 56 strains isolated from symptomatic watermelon leaves collected from Liaoning and Jilin Provinces. Through morphological observation, 16S rRNA and gyrB sequence analysis, and BIOLOG profiles, the pathogen was identified as Pseudomonas syringae. In China, the watermelon disease caused by P. syringae was reported for the first time. The multilocus sequence analysis showed that the isolated strains belonged to three different clades within P. syringae phylogroup 2. Interestingly, most of them (79%) belonged to clade 2a, 14% were clade 2b, and 7% were clade 2d. This indicates that bacterial leaf spot outbreaks of watermelon in China were caused by multiple sources and mainly by P. syringae clade 2a.
Complete Genome Sequence Resource ofPantoea anthophilaCL1 Causing Soft Rot Disease inClausena lansium(Wampee) in China
Authors: He Qian , Li Juming , Liu Qingmei , Li Yonglin , Liao Xinyue , Zhou Jianuan , Zhou Xiaofan
Published: November 2022

Pantoea anthophila CL1 is a causal agent of soft rot disease in Clausena lansium (wampee) in China and has inhibitory activity against the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Here we report the genome sequencing and analysis of P. anthophila CL1, representing the first complete genome resource of the species. The CL1 genome consists of four circular replicons (one chromosome and three plasmids), with a total size of 4,594,065 bp, and contains 4,109 protein-coding genes and 106 RNA genes. Our bioinformatic analysis of CL1 predicted 228 virulence factors, two Type VI Secretion Systems, and six secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters producing saccharides, siderophores, and terpene. The complete genome sequence of P. anthophila CL1 provides a solid foundation for further investigation of its pathogenesis and antimicrobial activity and also represents a valuable resource for the comparative genomics of Pantoea.
Scoliosis and BMI in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Tsai Li-Ping , Tzeng Shiau-Tzu , Hsieh Tsung-Han , Li Yi-Chen , Hung Shuo-Suei
Published: November 2022

Although scoliosis is commonly seen in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome, the patterns and extent of the deformity may change along their growth. Increased body weight is another issue in these patients, and its relationship with scoliosis is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate scoliosis in patients with PWS, and its relationship with BMI. This was a retrospective cohort study in which a series of radiographic images and BMI from each patient were collected, and the data were rearranged following the age at which they were recorded. These patients were subsequently labeled as non-Scoliotic (<10°), Moderate (10°–39°), and Severe (≥40°) according to their final Cobb angle, also as Normal (≤85%), Overweight (86%–95%), and Obese (≥95%) according to final BMI percentage. Thirty-four patients with age from 1 to 20 years old were recruited for this study, and the mean length of follow-up was 6.6 years. The prevalence of scoliosis was 71% (24 patients in Moderate, and 9 patients in Severe), and 65.6% were either overweight (11 patients) or obese (10 patients). The mean BMI percentage in non-scoliotic patients was 93.10 ± 13.84, which was significantly higher than that of the scoliotic groups (P = 0.0180). When looking at the longitudinal change, the non-Scoliotic group had high BMI since childhood, and obese patients had less spine deformity also from early childhood. In this study, we found that the prevalence of scoliosis in Taiwanese population with PWS was 71% without gender preference. Not every patient had a high BMI, and obese patients seemed to have significantly less chance to develop scoliosis. Level III
Traditions and innovations in assessment of glomerular filtration rate using creatinine to cystatin C
Authors: Tio Maria Clarissa , Shafi Tariq , Zhu Xiaoqian , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Chan Alexandre , Nguyen Lee
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best index for kidney function and estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated from endogenous filtration markers like serum creatinine and cystatin C is widely used in clinical practice for chronic kidney disease diagnosis and prognostication. We sought to review the evolution of GFR estimating equations, nuances of eGFR interpretation, and utility of eGFR in drug dosing.

Recent findings

The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) serum creatinine eGFR equation was recently updated to exclude the race variable and the CKD-EPI creatinine–cystatin C equation demonstrated the highest reliability. Although calculated creatinine clearance by Cockcroft Gault has been traditionally used for drug dosing, the use of eGFR is slowly being adapted by the Food and Drug Administration for pharmacokinetic studies. However, the individual-level accuracy of eGFR using the CKD-EPI 2021 equations remained low, with the distribution of measured GFR at a given eGFR value spanning several CKD stages.

Although current methods of estimating GFR have improved in population measures of reliability, all have significant individual-level inaccuracies that can be an issue when clinical decision-making is contingent on the actual level of GFR. Modern methods of GFR measurements should be made widely available to enhance individualized patient decision-making.
Strategies to Stay
Authors: Galuska Lee A. , Murray Katrine , Rodriguez Michelle , Wilson R. Coleen
Published: November 2022

Nurse retention strategies are top of mind for nurse leaders as they face an unprecedented staffing crisis. A strategic approach that includes innovative models to enhance nurse satisfaction and nurse retention may include role enrichment strategies such as blended roles, alternative work arrangements, and shared staffing. Effective implementation requires authentic, transformational leadership, as well as structures and processes for replication, sustainability, and improved outcomes. This case study illustrates the potential of this strategy to positively influence key factors contributing to nurse retention, especially for millennial nurses. Nurse leaders in one critical care unit shared their experience with cross-training for blended roles, skill expansion for professional development for unit staff as well as float team members, leadership development opportunities, and shared staffing. Creating a staffing strategy that includes the leadership and infrastructure to support blended or dual roles is one promising element in a nurse leader tool kit for millennial nurse retention.
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum causing pulmonary nocardiosis: a case report and its review of literature
Authors: SRIVASTAVA SAUMYA , SAMADDAR ARGHADIP , KHAN SALMAN , Tak Vibhor , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Sharma Deepak , GHOSH ARNAB , NAG VIJAYA LAKSHMI
Published: November 2022

Background- Infections caused by Nocardia spp. can occur in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals. Although nocardiosis is rare, it is being increasingly recognized owing to the rise in occurrence rate over the years. The documentation of pleural involvement in nocardiosis is rare in India, especially in the northwestern region. Here, we report a case of pleural nocardiosis in an immunocompetent patient.
Case- We report a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompromised individual
caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum.  
Discussion- Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum may go unnoticed without clinical suspicion. Correct and timely identification is the key to proper patient management.
Conclusion-Coordination between clinicians and microbiologists is necessary for early diagnosis and appropriate management of nocardiosis.
SapBase (Sapinaceae Genomic DataBase): a central portal for functional and comparative genomics of Sapindaceae species
Authors: Li Jiawei , Chen Chengjie , Zeng Zaohai , Wu Fengqi , Feng Junting , Liu Bo , Mai Yingxiao , Chu Xinyi , Wei Wanchun , Li Xin , Liang Yanyang , Liu YuanLong , Xu Jing , Xia Rui
Published: November 2022

Sapindaceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as the soapberry family, comprising 141 genera and about 1900 species (Pedro et al., 2010). Most of them are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, including trees, shrubs, also woody or herbaceous vines. Some are dioecious, while others are monoecious. Many Sapindaceae species possess great economic value; some furnish delicious fruits, like lychee (Litchi chinensis), longan (Dimocarpus longan), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum); and ackee (Blighia sapida) - the national fruit of Jamaica; some produce abundance secondary metabolites, like saponin from soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi), and seed oil from yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium); some yield valuable timber including maple (Acer spp.) and buckeye (Aesculus glabra); and some are of great herbal medicinal value, like balloon-vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum).

In the last decade, with the rocketing of next generation sequencing (NGS) and genomic technologies, the full genome sequences of several Sapindaceae plants have been resolved (Lin et al., 2017; Liang et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021; Hu et al., 2022; Xue et al., 2022). Among them, our recent publication of the lychee genome attracted broad attention (Edger, 2022; Hu et al., 2022; Lyu, 2022). Now the post-genome era arrives for Sapindaceae, however, there is no public genomic database available for any Sapindaceae species, let alone an integrative database for the whole Sapindaceae family. A unified data platform is in urgent need to collect, manage and share relevant data resources. Therefore, we integrated our home-brew NGS data with all publicly available data for seven Sapindaceae plants and constructed theSapinaceae Genomic DataBase, named SapBase (www.sapindaceae.com), in order to provide genomic resources and an online powerful analytic platform for scientific research on Sapinaceae species and comparative studies with other plants.
Selection-driven trait loss in independently evolved cavefish populations
Authors: Moran Rachel L. , Richards Emilie J. , Ornelas-García Claudia Patricia , Gross Joshua B. , Donny Alexandra , Wiese Jonathan , Keene Alex C. , Kowalko Johanna E. , Rohner Nicolas , McGaugh Suzanne E.
Published: November 2022

Predicting the outcome of evolution is a central goal of modern biology, yet, determining the relative contributions of deterministic events (i.e., selection) and stochastic events (i.e., drift and mutation) to the evolutionary process remains a major challenge. Systems where the same traits have evolved repeatedly provide natural replication that can be leveraged to study the predictability of molecular evolution and the genetic basis of adaptation. Although mutational screens in the laboratory have demonstrated that a diversity of genetic mutations can produce phenocopies of one another, in natural systems, similar genetic changes frequently underly the evolution of phenotypes across independent lineages. This suggests a substantial role for constraint and determinism in evolution and supports the notion that there may be characteristics which make certain mutations more likely to contribute to phenotypic evolution. Here we use large-scale whole genome resequencing in the Mexican tetra,Astyanax mexicanus, to demonstrate that selection has played a primary role in repeated evolution of both trait loss and trait enhancement across independent cave lineages. We identify candidate genes underlying repeated adaptation to caves and infer the mode of repeated evolution, revealing that selection on standing genetic variation andde novomutations both contribute substantially to repeated adaptation. Finally, we show that genes with evidence of repeated evolution have significantly longer coding regions compared to the rest of the genome, and this effect is most pronounced in genes evolving convergently via independent mutations. Importantly, our findings provide the first empirical support for the hypothesis that genes with larger mutational targets are more likely to be the substrate of repeated evolution and indicate that features of the novel cave environment may impact the rate at which mutations occur.
ViCloD, an interactive web tool for visualizing B cell repertoires and analyzing intraclonal diversities: application to human B-cell tumors
Authors: Jeusset Lucile , Abdollahi Nika , Verny Thibaud , Armand Marine , De Septenville Anne Langlois , Davi Frédéric , Bernardes Juliana S.
Published: November 2022

High throughput sequencing of adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR-seq) has provided numerous human immunoglobulin (IG) sequences allowing specific B cell receptor (BCR) studies such as the antigen-driven evolution of antibodies (soluble forms of the membrane-bound IG part of the BCR). AIRR-seq data allows researchers to examine intraclonal differences caused primarily by somatic hypermutations in IG genes and affinity maturation. Exploring this essential adaptive immunity process could help elucidate the generation of antibodies with high affinity or broadly neutralizing activities. Retracing their evolutionary history could also help to clarify how vaccines or pathogen exposition drive the humoral immune response. Computational methods are necessary for large-scale analysis of AIRR-seq properties. However, there is no efficient and interactive tool for analyzing intraclonal diversity, permitting users to explore adaptive immune receptor repertoires in biological and clinical applications. Here we developed ViCloD, a web server for large-scale visual analysis of repertoire clonality and intraclonal diversity. ViCloD uses data preprocessed by IMGT/HighV-QUEST and performs clonal grouping and evolutionary analyses, producing a collection of useful plots. The web server presents diverse functionalities, including repertoire navigation, clonal abundance analysis, and intraclonal evolutionary tree reconstruction. Users can download the analyzed data in different table formats and save the generated plots as images. ViCloD is a simple, versatile, and user-friendly tool that can help researchers and clinicians to analyze B cell intraclonal diversity. Moreover, its pipeline is optimized to process hundreds of thousands of sequences within a few minutes, allowing an efficient investigation of large and complex repertoires.

Availability and implementation

The web server is available athttp://www.lcqb.upmc.fr/viclod/. The pipeline is available at github and allows users to run analyses locallyhttps://github.com/julibinho/ViCLoD
From primordial clocks to circadian oscillators
Authors: Pitsawong Warintra , Pádua Ricardo A. P. , Grant Timothy , Hoemberger Marc , Otten Renee , Bradshaw Niels , Grigorieff Nikolaus , Kern Dorothee
Published: November 2022

Circadian rhythms play an essential role in many biological processes and surprisingly only three prokaryotic proteins are required to constitute a true post-translational circadian oscillator. The evolutionary history of the three Kai proteins indicates that KaiC is the oldest member and central component of the clock, with subsequent additions of KaiB and KaiA to regulate its phosphorylation state for time synchronization. The canonical KaiABC system in cyanobacteria is well understood, but little is known about more ancient systems that possess just KaiBC, except for reports that they might exhibit a basic, hourglass-like timekeeping mechanism. Here, we investigate the primordial circadian clock inRhodobacter sphaeroides(RS) that contains only KaiBC to elucidate its inner workings despite the missing KaiA. Using a combination X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM we find a novel dodecameric fold for KaiCRSwhere two hexamers are held together by a coiled-coil bundle of 12 helices. This interaction is formed by the C-terminal extension of KaiCRSand serves as an ancient regulatory moiety later superseded by KaiA. A coiled-coil register shift between daytime- and nighttime-conformations is connected to the phosphorylation sites through a long-range allosteric network that spans over 160 Å. Our kinetic data identify the difference in ATP-to-ADP ratio between day and night as the environmental cue that drives the clock and further unravels mechanistic details that shed light on the evolution of self-sustained oscillators.
Preparation of pyrite concentrate powder from the Thackaringa mine for quantitative phase analysis using X-ray diffraction
Authors: McDougall Hamish , Hibberd Monica , Tong Andrew , Neville Suzanne , Peterson Vanessa , Didier Christophe
Published: November 2022

The quantitative phase analysis using X-ray diffraction of pyrite ore concentrate samples extracted from the Thackaringa mine is problematic due to poor particle statistics, microabsorption and preferred orientation. The influence of sample preparation on these issues has been evaluated, with ball milling of the powder found most suitable for accurate and precise quantitative phase analysis. The milling duration and other aspects of sample preparation have been explored, resulting in accurate phase reflection intensities when particle sizes are below 5 µm. Quantitative phase analysis on those samples yielded precise phase fractions with standard deviations below 0.3 wt%. Some discrepancy between the elemental composition obtained using X-ray powder diffraction data and that determined using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was found, and is thought to arise from unaccounted for crystalline phase substitution and the possible presence of an amorphous phase. This study provides a methodology for the precise and accurate quantitative phase analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data of pyrite ore concentrate from the Thackaringa mine and a discussion of the limitations of the method. The optimization process reveals the importance of confirming reproducibility on new samples, with as much prior knowledge as possible.
The influence of social isolation and loneliness on the intention to travel for tourism
Authors: Añaña Edar da Silva , Borges Gustavo da Rosa , Petry Jonas Fernando
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the factors influencing certain negative feelings, such as social isolation disorder and loneliness, on consumers’ intentions to travel for tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative research used a survey questionnaire composed of eight interval evaluation questions and six demographic variables for the data collection. A total of 290 usable responses were gathered from social networks. The evaluation of the Measurement Model adjustment and the verification of the research hypothesis was done by a structural equations modeling.

Findings

The results reveal that social isolation is not a monolithic construction; instead of that, it is a construct formed by two interrelated factors, the social isolation itself, involving the individual and her/his personality, and the social integration, a factor of situational order, referring to the relations of the individual with his reference group. Factors are influenced by the ease/difficulty of the individual, in cultivating relationships with other people and significantly influence the intention to travel for tourism.

Practical implications

The study contributes to tourism management by breaking the phenomenon down into two dimensions and evaluating the impact of each of them on consumer attitudes, which should be very useful for the segmentation and positioning of tourism products.

Originality/value

Results support the evidence reported by Murphy, who found that people tend to want to make friends, but that this tendency did not appear to be evident about travel and supported Hawthorne’s findings, that the more socially isolated people are, the less they will want to interact with others, demonstrating that social isolation is indeed an inhibitor of social interaction.
Challenges associated with sustainability accounting and reporting practices: a legitimacy perspective
Authors: Juusola Katariina , Srouji Reem
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to use legitimacy theory to discuss three important aspects of sustainability accounting and reporting practices: the historical building of legitimacy for such practices, how organizations have adhered to them when building organizational legitimacy in a new legitimacy context (the Middle East and North Africa [MENA] region) and how sustainability professionals assess the legitimacy of them in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applied an exploratory qualitative design and a paradigm-type approach to organizational discourse analysis. It used a document analysis and eight expert interviews as data sources.

Findings

The findings revealed that sustainability accounting and reporting face considerable challenges in the MENA region. Four discourses on organizational sustainability in the region were identified, namely, the normative/pragmatic, compliance, restrictive and performative discourses.

Practical implications

Awareness of the challenges and mechanics of sustainability accounting and reporting practices is important for managers, policymakers and consumers, who typically lack in-depth understanding of such practices and so would benefit from being better able to assess companies’ sustainability performance. The four identified discourses facilitate stakeholders’ understanding of sustainability practices in the MENA region.

Originality/value

The legitimacy of sustainability accounting and reporting has not previously been comprehensively investigated in non-Western contexts. This study discusses three important aspects of legitimacy: legitimacy of an object, legitimacy of a subject and legitimacy from an evaluator’s perspective. In doing so, it identifies the paradoxical nature of organizations’ attempts to comply with sustainability reporting practices.
Performance analysis of Pythagorean fuzzy entropy and distance measures in selecting software reliability growth models using TOPSIS framework
Authors: Arora H.D. , Naithani Anjali
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to create a numerical technique to tackle the challenge of selecting software reliability growth models (SRGMs).

Design/methodology/approach

A real-time case study with five SRGMs tested against a set of four selection indexes were utilised to show the functionality of TOPSIS approach. As a result of the current research, rating of the different SRGMs is generated based on their comparative closeness.

Findings

An innovative approach has been developed to generate the current SRGMs selection under TOPSIS environment by blending the entropy technique and the distance-based approach.

Originality/value

In any multi-criteria decision-making process, ambiguity is a crucial issue. To deal with the uncertain environment of decision-making, various devices and methodologies have been explained. Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) are perhaps the most contemporary device for dealing with ambiguity. This article addresses novel tangent distance-entropy measures under PFSs. Additionally, numerical illustration is utilized to ascertain the strength and authenticity of the suggested measures.
Examining purchase intention for luxury fashion: integrating theory of reasoned action, with affect-behavior-cognition (ABC) model, identity and social identity theories
Authors: Lau Mei Mei , Ng Peggy Mei Lan , Chan Elaine Ah Heung , Cheung Cherry Tin Yan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to study the attitude toward purchasing luxury fashion of young consumers based on an extended model that integrates the constructs of the theory of reasoned action (TRA), identity theory, social identity theory, affect–behavior–cognition (ABC) model of attitude and brand attractiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

A purposive sampling approach was used to collect data from 237 young luxury fashion consumers in Hong Kong. Results were analyzed using partial least square.

Findings

The findings revealed that self-identity predicts affect-based attitudes (i.e. passive engagement and active engagement), and social identity predicts cognition-based attitude (i.e. attitude toward celebrity endorsement). Moreover, both affect- and cognition-based attitudes were found to be antecedents that enhanced brand attractiveness, which in turn positively affected purchase intention.

Research limitations/implications

This study collected data from Generation Z. Although this generation is the world’s most influential consumer group and is highly engaged in social media, the findings may not be representative of the entire population in Hong Kong. Therefore, the findings should be used cautiously in the whole luxury fashion industry.

Originality/value

This study extends the understanding of luxury fashion purchase intention from TRA to the connection among identity, social identity theories and ABC model of attitude and brand attractiveness. The findings of this study also contribute to practical insights on developing suitable marketing strategies for the Asian luxury fashion market.
Business model–dynamic capabilities and open innovation initiatives in research‐intensive organisations: A case of Australia's national science agency
Authors: Kriz Alexandra , Tresidder Julia , Dowd Anne‐Maree , Weerawardena Jay , Witell Lars , Snyder Hannah , de Pallant Rohan
Published: November 2022

Publicly funded national science agencies create value as innovation catalysts and through their scientific and research missions, they tackle wicked problems. Understanding how dynamic capabilities and business model innovation enable research‐intensive organisations to seize the market in the mission is key to translating bold new science that has impact. We qualitatively explore how Australia's national science agency—the Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)—has pursued open innovation to support business model–dynamic capabilities in an evolving publicly funded landscape. We reflect on the value of open innovation initiatives that have allowed the CSIRO to ambidextrously pursue world‐class science while achieving impact.

Points for practitioners

Dynamic capabilities and business model innovation are strategic tools for publicly funded national science agencies seeking to seize the market in the mission.

We examine a case of business model–dynamic capabilities in CSIRO.

Open innovation has been important for CSIRO as part of an ambidextrous approach.
Effect of processing treatments on the allergenicity of nuts and legumes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Astuti Rizki Maryam , Palupi Nurheni Sri , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja , Kusumaningtyas Eni , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani
Published: November 2022

The effective food processing to reduce nuts and legumes allergenicity could not be easily and directly concluded from reading a few published reports. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate this issue. A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases from January 2000 to June 11, 2021. The primary outcome of interest was the allergenicity of processed nuts or legumes determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay from in vitro studies. Data with the standardized mean difference (SMD) of 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a random‐effect model by RevMan 5.4 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q (PQ) and I2 tests. The search strategy identified 18,793 articles. However, only 61 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta‐analysis. There were 21 and 15 types of respective single and combined food processing treatments analyzed for their effects on reducing allergenicity. In single processing treatment, the extrusion and fermentation had the largest reduction in allergenicity, considering their SMD value, that is, −20.19 (95% CI: −22.22 to −18.17; the certainty of evidence: moderate) and −20.8 (95% CI: −24.10 to −17.50; the certainty of evidence: moderate), respectively. Whereas in the combination, the treatment of fermentation followed by proteolytic hydrolysis showed the most significant reduction (SMD: −53.34; 95% CI: −70.18 to −36.5) and the evidence quality of this treatment was considered moderate. In conclusion, these three food processing methods showed a desirable impact in reducing nuts or legumes allergenicity.

Practical Application

Nuts and legumes play an essential role as protein sources in food consumption worldwide, but they usually contain allergens. Our study has investigated the food processing methods that effectively reduce their allergenicity by meta‐analysis. The result gives valuable information for further laboratory investigation on allergens and can be used by food industries in providing foods from nuts and legumes with lower allergenicity.