bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Correlational Analysis between Electroencephalographic and End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Signals: Methodological Issues in the Presence of Missing Data and Real Data Results
Authors: Morelli Maria , Giannoni Alberto , Passino Claudio , Landini Luigi , Emdin Michele , Vanello Nicola
Published: October 2016

Electroencephalographic (EEG) irreducible artifacts are common and the removal of corrupted segments from the analysis may be required. The present study aims at exploring the effects of different EEG Missing Data Segment (MDS) distributions on cross-correlation analysis, involving EEG and physiological signals. The reliability of cross-correlation analysis both at single subject and at group level as a function of missing data statistics was evaluated using dedicated simulations. Moreover, a Bayesian-based approach for combining the single subject results at group level by considering each subject’s reliability was introduced. Starting from the above considerations, the cross-correlation function between EEG Global Field Power (GFP) in delta band and end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) during rest and voluntary breath-hold was evaluated in six healthy subjects. The analysis of simulated data results at single subject level revealed a worsening of precision and accuracy in the cross-correlation analysis in the presence of MDS. At the group level, a large improvement in the results’ reliability with respect to single subject analysis was observed. The proposed Bayesian approach showed a slight improvement with respect to simple average results. Real data results were discussed in light of the simulated data tests and of the current physiological findings.
RETRACTED: Jafer et al. Design of New Power Management Circuit for Light Energy Harvesting System. Sensors 2016, 16, 270
Authors:   Sensors Editorial Office
Published: October 2016

We have recently discovered that the majority of the text and ﬁgures in the title paper [1] is copied from a previously published thesis [2].[...]
Profitability of Management Systems on German Fenlands
Authors: Rebhann Marco , Karatay Yusuf , Filler Günther , Prochnow Annette
Published: October 2016

Fens are organic sites that require drainage for agricultural use. Lowering the groundwater level leads to trade-offs between economic benefits and environmental impacts (i.e., CO2 and nutrient emissions). To identify management options that are both environmentally and economically sustainable, a propaedeutic systematic analysis of the costs, income and profit of different land use and management systems on fenlands is necessary. This study provides an overview of the profitability, labor demand and comparative advantages of feasible management systems on German fenlands. Twenty management practices in four land use systems are analyzed. The results indicate that most management systems are profitable only with subsidies and payments for ecosystem services. In addition to sales revenue, these payments are indispensable to promote peat-saving agricultural practices on fenlands. Regarding the labor aspect, intensive management systems caused an increase in working hours per hectare, which may positively affect employment in rural areas. The calculations obtained in this study can be used as a basis for estimations of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation costs when management systems are associated with GHG emission values.
BIM-Integrated Construction Operation Simulation for Just-In-Time Production Management
Authors: Jeong WoonSeong , Chang Soowon , Son JeongWook , Yi June-Seong
Published: October 2016

Traditional construction planning, which depends on historical data and heuristic modification, prevents the integration of managerial details such as productivity dynamics. Specifically, the distance between planning and execution brings cost overruns and duration extensions. To minimize variations, this research presents a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-integrated simulation framework for predicting productivity dynamics at the construction planning phase. To develop this framework, we examined critical factors affecting productivity at the operational level, and then forecast the productivity dynamics. The resulting plan includes specific commands for retrieving the required information from BIM and executing operation simulations. It consists of the following steps: (1) preparing a BIM model to produce input data; (2) composing a construction simulation at the operational level; and (3) obtaining productivity dynamics from the BIM-integrated simulation. To validate our framework, we applied it to a structural steel model; this was due to the significance of steel erections. By integrating BIM with construction operation simulations, we were able to create reliable construction plans that adapted to project changes. Our results show that the developed framework facilitates the reliable prediction of productivity dynamics, and can contribute to improved schedule reliability, optimized resource allocation, cost savings associated with buffers, and reduced material waste.
Global Trends and Current Status of Commercial Urban Rooftop Farming
Authors: Buehler Devi , Junge Ranka
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to analyze current practices in commercial urban rooftop farming (URF). In recent years, URF has been experiencing increasing popularity. It is a practice that is well-suited to enhancing food security in cities and reducing the environmental impact that results from long transportation distances that are common in conventional agriculture. To date, most URF initiatives have been motivated by social and educational factors rather than the aim of creating large sustainable food production systems in cities. The commercial operation of urban rooftop farms, should they become profitable, is likely to attract notable private investment, allowing a significant level of high quality urban food production to be achieved. There is a reasonable amount of literature available on urban farming that deals with its potential, and its limitations. However, it does not focus on commercial operations. In contrast to other surveys and theoretical papers, this study of URF focuses on large and commercial operations. The analysis showed that commercial URFs can be grouped into two main types: Firstly, hydroponic systems in greenhouses where mostly leafy greens, tomatoes, and herbs are grown; secondly, soil-based open-air farms that grow a large variety of vegetables. Hydroponics is frequently seen as the key technology for commercial urban food production. While the technology is not in and of itself sustainable, hydroponic farms often make an effort to implement environmentally friendly technologies and methods. However, there is still untapped potential to systemically integrate farms into buildings. The findings of this study identified where future research is needed in order to make URF a widespread sustainable solution.
Techno-Economic Related Metrics for a Wave Energy Converters Feasibility Assessment
Authors: De Andres Adrian , Maillet Jéromine , Hals Todalshaug Jørgen , Möller Patrik , Bould David , Jeffrey Henry
Published: October 2016

When designing “multi-MW arrays” of Wave Energy Converters (WECs), having a low number of converters with high individual power ratings can be beneficial as the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs may be reduced. However, having converters of small dimensions or small power ratings could also be beneficial, as suggested by previous works, due to a reduction in material costs as compared to power production, and the use of small, inexpensive vessels. In this work, a case study investigating the optimum size of WEC for a 20 MW array is performed. Analysis is carried out based on the CorPower Ocean technology. In this case study, firstly a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) model is created. This model incorporates the latest Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) estimates for CorPower Ocean’s 250 kW prototype. Using this techno-economic model, several sizes/ratings of WEC are tested for use in a 20 MW array. Operational Expenditure (OPEX) is calculated using two different calculation approaches in order to check its influence on final indicators. OPEX is firstly calculated as a percentage of CAPEX, as shown in previous works, and secondly using a failure-repair model, taking into account individual failures of WECs in the array. Size/rating analysis is carried out for several European locations in order to establish any dependence between site location and optimal WEC size/rating. Several metrics for techno-economic assessment of marine energy converters, other than LCOE, are compared in this work. A comparison of several devices with each these metrics is performed within this study.
Personal Water Footprint in Taiwan: A Case Study of Yunlin County
Authors: Lee Yung-Jaan , Tung Chuan-Ming , Lee Piin-Rong , Lin Shih-Chien
Published: October 2016

Extreme weather events have affected the environment and water resources in Taiwan for the last two decades. Heavy rainfall, typhoons, and rising sea levels have caused severe flooding along the Southwest Coast in Taiwan. Yunlin County, an important agricultural region, will be significantly affected by climate changes, especially in coastal areas with severe land subsidence. Therefore, using the concept of the water footprint and questionnaire surveys, this study examines personal water footprints in townships in Yunlin County to explore the effectiveness and sustainability of water management. The purpose of the water footprint concept is to quantify environmental burdens imposed by individuals’ demand for water. An individual water footprint involves direct and indirect water usage that is associated with personal habits. Analytical results show that the most individual water consumption is highest along coastal areas, such as Kouhu and Taixi, and mountainous areas, such as Gukeng, Douliu, and Linnei. Furthermore, one-way ANOVA of individuals’ daily water footprint reveals that individual water footprints vary significantly among Douliu, Gukeng, and Mailiao. The mean daily water footprint per capita in Douliu and Gukeng significantly exceeds that in Mailiao. This study considers the location quotients of industries in these three townships, which indicate that the location quotients of the accommodation and food and beverage industries in Douliu and Gukeng significantly exceed those of Mailiao. The individual virtual water use that is associated with the aforementioned industries is large. Clearly, individual water use habits in townships are related to the industry type. Douliu and Gukeng are major centers of the tertiary industry, which has a higher location quotient than in Mailiao. Mailiao is a major center of manufacturing as a secondary industry. Therefore, flourishing regions with tertiary industries have high virtual water consumption. These findings suggest that personal water use habits can explain why personal water footprints are larger in Yunlin County than in other counties in Taiwan.
Farmers’ Perception of the Decade-Long Grazing Ban Policy in Northern China: A Case Study of Yanchi County
Authors: Chen Yong , Zhou Lihua
Published: October 2016

This study analyzes farmers’ perception of grazing restriction policies, grassland environment and ecological management following the implementation of environmental protection policies in northern China. Understanding farmers’ attitudes and their causes will hopefully aid in the creation and execution of future policies. One hundred and thirty-five households were surveyed at three occasions over the course of a decade to explore the causes and processes of farmers’ perception. Farmers’ ecological awareness tends to be short term. In areas with a degraded environment, farmers were eager to implement policies to improve the environment and recognized the positive impact of the grazing ban policy (GBP). However, as conditions improved, farmers’ recognition and acceptance of the GBP became negative. Although farmers recognized the benefits of the GBP, they showed little awareness of the long-term process of environmental governance. As can be seen from the farmers’ ecological awareness and their attitudes toward the GBP, they are more inclined to value short-term economic interest than ecological protection. We suggest that good environmental protection policy must take into account the ecological and economic interests of farmers.
Antigenotoxic Effect of Piperine in Broiler Chickens Intoxicated with Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Da Silva Cardoso Verônica , Vermelho Alane , Ribeiro de Lima Cristina , Mendes de Oliveira Jéssica , Freire de Lima Marco , Pinto da Silva Lúcia , Direito Glória , Miranda Danelli Maria
Published: October 2016

Piperine is an abundant amide extracted from black pepper seeds which has been shown to have protective effects against cytotoxic and genotoxic carcinogenesis induced by certain chemical carcinogens and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in vitro. The aim of this work was to study, in vivo, the antigenotoxic potential of feed-added piperine on broiler chickens experimentally intoxicated with AFB1, using micronucleus and comet assays. The antigenotoxicity assessment of 9-day-old chicks was performed on a total of 60 chickens divided into four groups of 15 broilers each: (C) control, (P) 60 mg·piperine kg−1 feed, (A) 0.5 mg·AFB1·kg−1 body weight, (daily by oral route), and (P + A) co-treatment with piperine and AFB1. The experiment was conducted for 26 days. Chicks intoxicated with AFB1 showed significant genotoxic effects in the first 24 h post intoxication, and the effects remained in the other periods analyzed (48, 72, and 96 h and 26 days of treatment). The DNA damage in peripheral blood cells, the number of erythrocytes with micronuclei, and polychromatic-to-normochromatic erythrocyte ratio were significantly reduced or absent in the piperine/AFB1 group. No significant differences were observed between the group piperine/AFB1 and the control and piperine-alone groups. The addition 60 mg·kg−1 of piperine to the diet of the broiler chicks was safe, promoting beneficial effects in poultry health with respect to the toxic effects 0.5 mg·AFB1·kg−1 body weight.
Interannual Variability in Global Mean Sea Level Estimated from the CESM Large and Last Millennium Ensembles
Authors: Fasullo John , Nerem Robert
Published: October 2016

To better understand global mean sea level (GMSL) as an indicator of climate variability and change, contributions to its interannual variation are quantified in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble and Last Millennium Ensemble. Consistent with expectations, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is found to exert a strong influence due to variability in rainfall over land (PL) and terrestrial water storage (TWS). Other important contributors include changes in ocean heat content (OHC) and precipitable water (PW). The temporal evolution of individual contributing terms is documented. The magnitude of peak GMSL anomalies associated with ENSO generally are of the order of 0.5 mm·K−1 with significant inter-event variability, with a standard deviation (σ) that is about half as large The results underscore the exceptional rarity of the 2010/2011 La Niña-related GMSL drop and estimate the frequency of such an event to be about only once in every 75 years. In addition to ENSO, major volcanic eruptions are found to be a key driver of interannual variability. Associated GMSL variability contrasts with that of ENSO as TWS and PW anomalies initially offset the drop due to OHC reductions but short-lived relative to them. Responses up to 25 mm are estimated for the largest eruptions of the Last Millennium.
Benefit Transfer for Water Management along the Han River in South Korea Using Meta-Regression Analysis
Authors: Shin Hio-Jung , Kim Hyun , Jeon Chul-Hyun , Jo Min-Woo , Nguyen Trung , Tenhunen John
Published: October 2016

This study estimates the magnitude of economic benefits that are justified in transfer from downstream users to upstream users for the use of the Han River in South Korea in terms of foregone economic benefits by regulations. Based on the existing non-market valuation studies associated with water management issues in South Korea from 1997 to 2014, a meta-regression analysis was performed to provide alternatives for regional benefit sharing of water resource use. The benefits from the use of water resource along the Han River are estimated on average to be KRW 7,728 (US $7.7) per household per month. The total net benefits are estimated to be about KRW 449 billion (US $449 million) per year. Following the principle regarding equal distribution of benefits, the stakeholders who received more net benefits than others should return their extra net benefits to other stakeholders through a policy tool such as tradable development rights. The results of our study provide economic indicators useful for the establishment of common resource policy and to consider stakeholders’ rights within the framework of regional benefits. This study also provides practical solutions that could be used as a valid policy instrument to mediate the conflicts and disputes associated with water resource use.
STELLAR COMPANIONS TO THE EXOPLANET HOST STARS HD 2638 AND HD 164509
Authors: Wittrock Justin M. , Kane Stephen R. , Horch Elliott P. , Hirsch Lea , Howell Steve B. , Ciardi David R. , Everett Mark E. , Teske Johanna K.
Published: October 2016

An important aspect of searching for exoplanets is understanding the binarity of the host stars. It is particularly important, because nearly half of the solar-like stars within our own Milky Way are part of binary or multiple systems. Moreover, the presence of two or more stars within a system can place further constraints on planetary formation, evolution, and orbital dynamics. As part of our survey of almost a hundred host stars, we obtained images at 692 and 880 nm bands using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument (DSSI) at the Gemini-North Observatory. From our survey, we detect stellar companions to HD 2638 and HD 164509. The stellar companion to HD 2638 has been previously detected, but the companion to HD 164509 is a newly discovered companion. The angular separation for HD 2638 is 0.512 ± 0.″002 and for HD 164509 is

. This corresponds to a projected separation of 25.6 ± 1.9 au and 36.5 ± 1.9 au, respectively. By employing stellar isochrone models, we estimate the mass of the stellar companions of HD 2638 and HD 164509 to be 0.483 ± 0.007 M
⊙ and

, respectively, and their effective temperatures to be 3570 ± 8 K and 3450 ± 7 K, respectively. These results are consistent with the detected companions being late-type M dwarfs.
IMPROVED PERFORMANCES IN SUBSONIC FLOWS OF AN SPH SCHEME WITH GRADIENTS ESTIMATED USING AN INTEGRAL APPROACH
Authors: Valdarnini R.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we present results from a series of hydrodynamical tests aimed at validating the performance of a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation in which gradients are derived from an integral approach. We specifically investigate the code behavior with subsonic flows, where it is well known that zeroth-order inconsistencies present in standard SPH make it particularly problematic to correctly model the fluid dynamics. In particular, we consider the Gresho–Chan vortex problem, the growth of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, the statistics of driven subsonic turbulence and the cold Keplerian disk problem. We compare simulation results for the different tests with those obtained, for the same initial conditions, using standard SPH. We also compare the results with the corresponding ones obtained previously with other numerical methods, such as codes based on a moving-mesh scheme or Godunov-type Lagrangian meshless methods. We quantify code performances by introducing error norms and spectral properties of the particle distribution, in a way similar to what was done in other works. We find that the new SPH formulation exhibits strongly reduced gradient errors and outperforms standard SPH in all of the tests considered. In fact, in terms of accuracy, we find good agreement between the simulation results of the new scheme and those produced using other recently proposed numerical schemes. These findings suggest that the proposed method can be successfully applied for many astrophysical problems in which the presence of subsonic flows previously limited the use of SPH, with the new scheme now being competitive in these regimes with other numerical methods.
THE HISTORY OF GRB OUTFLOWS: EJECTION LORENTZ FACTOR AND RADIATION LOCATION OF X-RAY FLARES
Authors: Mu Hui-Jun , Lin Da-Bin , Xi Shao-Qiang , Lin Ting-Ting , Wang Yuan-Zhu , Liang Yun-Feng , Lü Lian-Zhong , Zhang Jin , Liang En-Wei
Published: October 2016

We present time-resolved spectral analysis of the steep decay segments of 29 bright X-ray flares of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed with the Swift/X-ray telescope, and model their light curves and spectral index evolution behaviors with the curvature effect model. Our results show that the observed rapid flux decay and strong spectral index evolution with time can be well fitted with this model, and the derived characteristic timescales (t

c
) are in the range of 23 ∼ 264 s. Using an empirical relation between the peak luminosity and the Lorentz factor derived from the prompt gamma-rays, we estimate the Lorentz factors of the flares (ΓX). We obtain ΓX = 17 ∼ 87 with a median value of 52, which is smaller than the initial Lorentz factors of prompt gamma-ray fireballs. With the derived t

c
and ΓX, we constrain the radiating regions of 13 X-ray flares, yielding R
X = (0.2 ∼ 1.1) × 1016 cm, which are smaller than the radii of the afterglow fireballs at the peak times of the flares. A long evolution feature from prompt gamma-ray phase to the X-ray epoch is found by incorporating our results with a sample of GRBs whose initial Lorentz factors are available in the literature, i.e.,

. These results may shed light on the long-term evolution of GRB central engines.
Evaluation of PAIusp subtyping to characterize uropathogenic E. coli isolates
Authors: Lai Yun Mei , Zaw Myo Thura , Shamsudin Shamsul Bahari , Lin Zaw
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Uropathogenic virulence factors have been identified by comparing the prevalence of these among urinary tract isolates and environmental strains. The uropathogenic-specific protein (USP) gene is present on the pathogenicity island (PAI) of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and, depending on its two diverse gene types and the sequential patterns of three open reading frame units (orfUs) following it, there is a method to characterize UPEC epidemiologically called PAIusp subtyping. Methodology: A total of 162 UPEC isolates from Sabah, Malaysia, were tested for the presence of the usp gene and the sequential patterns of three orfUs following it using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, by means of triplex PCR, the prevalence of the usp gene was compared with other two VFs of UPEC, namely alpha hemolysin (α-hly) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf-1) genes encoding two toxins. Results: The results showed that the usp gene was found in 78.40% of UPEC isolates, indicating that its prevalence was comparable to that found in a previous study in Japan. The two or three orfUs were also associated with the usp gene in this study. All the PAIusp subtypes observed in Japan were present in this study, while subtype IIa was the most common in both studies. The usp gene was observed in a higher percentage of isolates when compared with ɑ-hly and cnf-1 genes. Conclusions: The findings in Japan and Sabah, East Malaysia, were similar, indicating that PAIusp subtyping is applicable to the characterization of UPEC strains epidemiologically elsewhere in the world.
Oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory and immune mediators as markers of the severity of sepsis
Authors: Bavunoglu Isil , Genc Habibe , Konukoglu Dildar , Cicekci Hayriye , Sozer Volkan , Gelisgen Remise , Uzun Hafize
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Sepsis is a complex inflammatory syndrome with diverse etiology and wide spectrum of severity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inflammatory mediators, in comparison with oxidative parameters, are associated with severity of sepsis. Methodology: Plasma neopterin, adenosine deaminase (ADA), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as inflammatory mediators, and serum nitric oxide (NOx), nitrotyrosine (NT), oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels, serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) levels as oxidative stress parameters of 12 patients with mild sepsis, 25 patients with severe sepsis, and 20 healthy control subjects were evaluated. NOx, GSH levels and PON1 activity were determined by colorimetric methods, whereas neopterin, VCAM, ICAM, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, NT, and oxLDL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: All parameters in mild and severe sepsis were significantly different from those of healthy subjects, except ADA activities. Patients with severe sepsis exhibited higher IL-6, TNF-α, NT, and oxLDL levels than patients with mild sepsis. GSH (98%, 98%), oxLDL (98%, 98%), VCAM-1 (99%, 99%), and ICAM-1 (99%, 99%) have much more sensitivitiy and specificity in sepsis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with sepsis were increased and that serum IL-6, TNF-α, NT, and oxLDL levels were correlated with the severity of sepsis. Therefore, increases in these parameters may contribute to the dysfunction or failure of one or more organs, or even death, in sepsis.
Assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sera of patients with hepatitis C virus infection before and after anti-viral therapy
Authors: Alhetheel Abdulkarim , Albarrag Ahmed , Shakoor Zahid , Alswat Khalid , Abdo Ayman , Al-hamoudi Waleed
Published: October 2016

Introduction: A number of cytokines have been implicated in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease. This study aimed to assess the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with HCV infection before (naïve) and after successful treatment (sustained responders) with Pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Methodology: The present study included 19 naïve HCV patients and 8 sustained responders. Additionally, 20 healthy individuals were included as a control group. The serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-12p70 were measured using flow cytometry. Results: The serum IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the naïve group (21.5±10.7 pg/mL; p = 0.02) than in the control group (14.1±1.7 pg/mL) and the sustained responder group (10.4±6.2 pg/mL; p = 0.002). The serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the naïve group (7.3±2.06 pg/mL; p = 0.02) than in the control group (5.9±1.01 pg/mL) whereas IL-6 in sustained responder group (6.4±1.5 pg/mL) was no different than naïve HCV patients or the controls. The serum IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the naïve group (4.42±0.64 pg/mL) than in the control group (3.6±0.34 pg/mL; p =0.0002) and not the sustained responder group (4.1±0.86 pg/mL). Moreover, the serum IL-12p70 levels were higher in the sustained responder group (3.43±0.84 pg/mL; p =0.05) than in the control group (2.76±0.83 pg/mL). There were no differences in the serum IL-1β levels among the groups. Conclusion: Successful anti-viral therapy against HCV was associated with significant reductions in the serum IL-8 levels and skewing of the pretreatment Th2 dominant immune response to the Th1 response.
Intestinal carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing E. coli in women with urinary tract infections, Cameroon
Authors: Djuikoue Ingrid Cécile , Woerther Paul-Louis , Toukam Michel , Burdet Charles , Ruppé Etienne , Gonsu Kamga Hortense , Fokunang Charles , El Mniai Assiya , Larissa Kamgue , Pieme Anatole Constant , Mboupaing Mallila Georgia , Kakam Caroline Mietchop , Fogang Hervé Kengne , Andremont Antoine , Ngogang Jeanne
Published: October 2016

Introduction: During the last decade, the prevalence of the intestinal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamases – producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) has continued to increase worldwide in the community, especially in developing countries. Hence, we undertook a study to determine the ESBL-E. coli fecal carriage rate and the associated risk factors in Cameroonian women. Methodology: A total of 86 women suspected of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) were included in 10 health structures from May 2011 to April 2012. After filling a questionnaire, they provided a stool sample that was plated on selective media for ESBL producing bacteria. The identification of strains was obtained with mass spectrometry and the antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion in agar media. The ESBL type was determined by PCR. The relative abundance of ESBL-E. coli was measured for positive samples. Eventually, the presence of antibiotics in stool was assessed. Results: The carriage rate of ESBL-E. coli was 57/86 (66.3%). Phenotypic and molecular characterization showed that all ESBL-E. coli strains contained group 1 CTX-M enzymes. Multivariate analysis showed that ESBL-E. coli fecal carriage was associated with the presence of antibiotics in stools (p < 0.05). Although not significant, mean ESBL relative abundance tended to be higher in patients with antibiotic exposure. Conclusions: Our results show that the carriage of ESBL-E. coli fecal carriage in women with UTI suspicion from the Cameroonian community is extremely high and associated with recent antibiotic intake.
Antimicrobial resistance in patients with urinary tract infections and the impact on empiric therapy in Serbia
Authors: Zec Simon , Despotovic Aleksa , Spurnic-Radovanovic Aleksandra , Milosevic Ivana , Jovanovic Milica , Pelemis Mijomir , Stevanovic Goran
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is essential in establishing treatment guidelines for urinary tract infections. The aim of this pilot study was to analyse resistance rates of pathogens, across different demographics and determine whether adjustments in empiric therapy should be considered for different age and gender groups. Methodology: A 5-year retrospective study included 256 patients hospitalised, under the initial diagnosis of Fever of Unknown Origin who were then subsequently diagnosed with a urinary tract infection at the Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia. Patients were evaluated using demographic, clinical, and antimicrobial resistance data with appropriate statistical analysis including ANOVA significance testing, univariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: Resistance rates were above the threshold of 20% for the majority of the antimicrobials tested, the only exception being carbapenems. Amikacin, cefepime, and norfloxacin were agents that could be effectively used as empiric therapy in younger adults with resistance rates of 4.2, 8.0, and 10.0%, respectively. Moderate resistance rates of 17.4% for amikacin and 19.1% for cefepime were observed in the age group 35-64 years. High resistance rates were observed for all antimicrobials among patients 65 years and over. Among male patients, resistance rates to most antimicrobials were high. In female patients, amikacin and cefepime had resistance rates less than 20%. Younger age presented as a negative risk factor for infection by a multi-drug resistant pathogen. Conclusion: Age and gender demonstrated to be significant factors for determining proper empiric therapy; large-scale studies from Serbia are needed to solidify these findings.
Descending Geniculate Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Tibial Plateau Fracture
Authors: Cefalu Charles A. , Royals Thomas P. , Krause Peter C.
Published: October 2016

Pseudoaneurysms are uncommon in patients with trauma, but can cause diagnostic difficulty and result in significant morbidity. Etiologies range from penetrating and nonpenetrating trauma to operative injury during fracture fixation, arthroscopy, total joint arthroplasty, and hardware loosening and removal. Pseudoaneurysms can conspicuously present as a pulsatile mass with an audible bruit, or as a subtly expanding hematoma. In either case, the complications can be serious if diagnosed late. The authors report a case of a pseudoaneurysm arising from the descending geniculate artery following a tibial plateau fracture. This was suspected following a slowly expanding hematoma and persistent anemia refractory to transfusion. Computed tomography angiography was used for confirmation. Successful treatment was accomplished with embolization, surgical evacuation of the hematoma, delayed skin grafting, and fracture fixation. The postoperative outcome was satisfactory, with complete wound healing, functional but decreased range of motion, normal perfusion distal to the injury, and the sole report of mild intermittent knee pain. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e188–e191.]
Patellar Sleeve Fracture With Ossification of the Patellar Tendon
Authors: Damrow Derek S. , Van Valin Scott E.
Published: October 2016

Patellar sleeve fractures make up greater than 50% of all patellar fractures. They are essentially only seen in the pediatric population because of the thick periosteum and the distal patellar pole apophysis in this group. These fractures can lead to complications if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion. Complications of missed or untreated patellar sleeve fractures include patella alta, anterior knee pain, and quadriceps atrophy. These can all result in severe limitations in activity. The authors describe a case of a 16-year-old boy who sustained a patellar sleeve fracture 3 years prior to presentation. On presentation, he had patella alta, diminished strength, 5° of extensor lag, and radiographs that revealed bone formation along the patellar tendon. Despite this, he was able to maintain a high level of activity. This case report explores how the patient could have maintained a high level of activity despite having a patellar sleeve fracture. Also, because of the delayed presentation, the patella was ossified and the quadriceps was retracted, which led to a novel approach to reconstructing his distal extensor mechanism. This approach included a V-Y advancement of the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon reconstruction using the patient's hamstring tendon (semitendinosus). This technique, combined with physical therapy postoperatively, resulted in his return to varsity high school soccer. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this technique has not been reported for this rare condition. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e357–e359.]
Persistent proatlas with additional segmentation of the craniovertebral junction - The Tsuang-Goehmann-Malformation
Authors: Spittank Holger , Goehmann Ulrich , Hage Hendrik , Sacher Robby
Published: October 2016

Case study description and analysis of a complex craniovertebral dysplasia in an 8-year-old male patient, in which conventional cervical spine radiographs demonstrated a regularly differentiated occipital base, as well as the presence of two lateral masses of the proatlas vertebra and two lateral masses of the atlas vertebra. Further assessment included computed tomography of the occipital base and the upper cervical spine as well as three-dimensional reconstruction. Malsegmentation of the fourth occipital vertebra can result in various anomalies that are known as 'manifestation of the proatlas'. The occurrence of a persistent proatlas with additional segmentation of the craniovertebral junction represents an extremely rare dysplasia. To our knowledge, it is the second report concerning the persistence of a complete human proatlas vertebra. We consider the biomechanical and embryological particularities of this complex dysplasia to represent sufficient basis for future differentiation from other malformations of the fourth occipital vertebra. Comprehensive literature review and discussion about the entity will be provided.
Cartas y dibujos acerca de una inscripción romana desaparecida: el ara de Trabanca (Vilagarcía de Arousa)
Authors: Santos Fernández Carlos
Published: October 2016

Edición y estudio de cinco documentos (tres cartas y dos dibujos) firmados por Juan Fernández Gil y Casal entre 1909 y 1917 que proporcionan el texto íntegro, las características del soporte y las circunstancias del hallazgo del ara de Trabanca da Torre (Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra), encontrada hacia 1890 y que en 1909 ya se consideraba perdida. La temprana desaparición del ara –que indujo a algunos investigadores a poner en duda su existencia–, explica que lo publicado a lo largo del siglo XX acerca de esta pieza se limite a referencias tangenciales (la de García de la Riega, en 1904, para apuntalar su tesis helenística en la polémica entre celtófobos y celtómanos), o a lecturas parciales y sin atención a las características del soporte. La única finalidad de esta colaboración, al margen de relecturas epigráficas o interpretaciones del texto, es dar a conocer los cinco documentos (cuatro inéditos y uno publicado en 2012) conservados en el Museo do Pobo Galego, en la Real Academia Galega y en el Museo de Pontevedra, que pueden servir como fuente para el estudio indirecto del ara de Trabanca hasta que se consiga –como esperamos– su recuperación.

[gl] Edición e estudo de cinco documentos (tres cartas e dous debuxos) asinados por Juan Fernández Gil y Casal entre 1909 e 1917 que proporcionan o texto íntegro, as características do soporte e as circunstancias do achado da ara de Trabanca da Torre (Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra), atopada arredor de 1890 e que en 1909 considerábase xa perdida. A temperá desaparición da ara –que levou a algúns investigadores a dubidar da súa existencia–, explica que o publicado ó longo do século XX acerca desta peza sexan referencias tanxenciais (a de García de la Riega, no 1904, para reforzar a súa tese helenística na polémica entre celtófobos e celtómanos), ou lecturas parciais que non prestan atención ás características materiais da peza. A finalidade desta colaboración, allea a relecturas epigráficas ou a interpretacións do texto, é dar a coñecer os cinco documentos (catro inéditos e un publicado no ano 2012) conservados no Museo do Pobo Galego, na Real Academia Galega y no Museo de Pontevedra), que poden servir como fonte para o estudo indirecto da ara de Trabanca, namentres non sexa, como agardamos, recuperada.
Hallazgos inéditos de moneda medieval en Galicia
Authors: Núñez Meneses Pablo
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer el material numismático medieval hallado en Galicia que aún permanecía inédito fuera de las instituciones donde se preserva, conscientes de la importancia del conocimiento de todos los datos posibles para la interpretación histórica, siendo los hallazgos de moneda el más fiel testimonio, junto a la documentación, del uso y circulación de la moneda en todas épocas. Hemos accedido a los fondos numismáticos de diversos museos e instituciones de Galicia que amablemente nos abrieron sus puertas, descubriendo, en ocasiones, monedas medievales que habían pasado desapercibidas u otras mal catalogadas. En ocasiones, sin embargo, la catalogación era perfecta y el trabajo metrológico y fotográfico estaba ya realizado.
Esta búsqueda era necesaria dado los escasos hallazgos publicados de moneda medieval para con el Noroeste, insuficientes como para establecer conclusiones sólidas. Nos ha permitido concluir, entre otras cuestiones, que la moneda ya está muy presente en el rural gallego en la Plena Edad Media o que la moneda portuguesa tuvo inmensa presencia en la Galicia bajomedieval. Aún así sabemos que la reciente actividad arqueológica en Galicia está descubriendo nuevos ejemplares que aumentarán el caudal de conocimientos actuales, permitiendo conocer si ha habido o no pervivencia de numerario en varias décadas o si el desuso de la moneda tras la caída del Imperio Romano ha sido tan intensa como asemeja hasta la recuperación plenomedieval.

[gl] O presente traballo pretende dar a coñecer aquel material numismático medieval achado en Galicia e que aínda permanecía inédito fóra das institucións onde se preserva, sabedores da importancia do coñecemento de tódolos datos posibles para a ulterior interpretación histórica, sendo os achádegos de moeda a máis fiel testemuña, xunto coa documentación, do uso e circulación da moeda en todas épocas. Accedemos aos fondos numismáticos de diversos museos e institucións de Galicia que amablemente nos abriron as súas portas, atopando, en ocasións, moedas medievais que pasaran desapercibidas ou outras mal catalogadas. En ocasións, con todo, a catalogación era perfecta e o traballo metrolóxico e fotográfico estaba xa realizado. Esta procura era necesaria dado os escasos achádegos publicados de moeda medieval para co Noroeste, insuficientes como para establecermos conclusións sólidas. Permitiunos concluír, entre outras cuestións, que a moeda xa está moi presente no rural galego na Plena Idade Media, ou que a moeda portuguesa tivo inmensa presenza na Galicia baixomedieval. Aínda así sabemos que a recente actividade arqueolóxica en Galicia está descubrindo novos exemplares que aumentarán o caudal de coñecementos actuais, permitindo coñecer se houbo ou non pervivencia do numerario en varias décadas ou se o desplome no uso da moeda trala caída do Imperio Romano foi tan intenso como asemella ata a recuperación plenomedieval.
De alcabalas y arrendadores. La contribución de concejos y parroquias asturianas a la hacienda regia en 1494
Authors: Álvarez Fernández María
Published: October 2016

Custodiado en el rico fondo documental de Contaduría Mayor de Cuentas del Archivo General de Simancas se halla una interesante relación de las rentas de alcabalas tributadas por el Principado de Asturias en tiempos de Isabel I de Castilla en la que se desglosa pormenorizadamente la imposición debida por cada uno de los concejos asturianos y la distribución parroquial de las cargas totales (1494). Queremos, con nuestro estudio, presentar a la comunidad científica interesada en la fiscalidad regia castellana a fines del Medievo un excepcional testimonio de la presión fiscal a la que fue sometido el Principado de Asturias en los años finales del siglo XV con la intención de que pueda ser considerado en futuros análisis comparativos sobre haciendas regias en la cornisa cantábrica para el periodo indicado.

[gl] Custodiado no rico fondo documental de “Contaduría Mayor de Cuentas” do Arquivo Xeral de Simancas áchase unha interesante relación das rendas de alcabalas tributadas polo Principado de Asturias en tempos de Isabel I de Castela na que se desagrega pormenorizadamente a imposición debida por cada un dos concellos asturianos e a distribución parroquial das cargas (1494). Queremos, co noso estudo, presentar á comunidade científica interesada na fiscalidade rexia castelá a fins do Medievo un excepcional testemuño da presión fiscal á que foi sometido o Principado de Asturias nos anos finais do século XV coa intención de que poida ser considerado en futuras análises comparativas sobre as facendas rexias na cornixa cantábrica para o período indicado.
Métrica y Arquitectura del Hospital de los Reyes Católicos en Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Grande Nieto Víctor
Published: October 2016

Aunque los Reyes Católicos protegieron varios hospitales en diferentes ciudades de la península, promovieron dos directamente: el de Santiago y el de Granada, que presentan en su idea matriz el corpus arquitectónico del contenedor bien definido y aislado en el que caben multitud de funciones y de asistencias. No son por lo tanto simplemente hospitales, su función representativa como edificio Real para interés público es tanto o más importante que la sanitaria, ya que no es casual que estén construidos en dos ciudades en las que los Reyes justamente necesitaban tener más presencia.
El gran logro de la Corona no fue tanto el otorgar a sus fábricas una decoración determinada, sino el insertarlas en el espacio urbano como monumento simbólico de la nueva imagen de poder.
Los análisis planimétricos correspondientes nos muestran un edificio bien trabado, en el cual se comprueba que Egas se basó en las medidas ciertas, el principio de los números enteros pequeños y el sistema escalar, para aplicar las Artes Quadrivium al Hospital Real y así dignificarlo, al alcanzar la disciplina arquitectónica el status de Arte Mayor.

[gl] Inda que os Reis Católicos protexeron varios hospitais en diferentes cidades da península, promoveron dous directamente: o de Santiago e o de Granada, que presentan na súa idea matriz o corpus arquitectónico do contedor ben definido e illado no que caben multitude de funcións e de asistencias. Non son polo tanto simplemente hospitais, a súa función representativa como edificio Real para interese público é tanto ou mais importante que a sanitaria, xa que non é casualidade que estean construídos en duas cidades nas que os Reis xustamente precisaban ter mais presenza.
O gran logro da Coroa non foi tanto o outorgar as súas fábricas unha decoración determinada, senon o insertalas no espazo urbán como monumento simbólico da nova imaxe de poder.
As análises planimétricas correspondentes nos amosan un edificio ben trabado, no que se comproba que Egas se basou nas medidas certas, o principio dos números enteiros pequenos e o sistema escalar, para aplicar as Artes Quadrivium ao Hospital Real e así dignificalo, ao alcanzar a disciplina arquitectónica o status de Arte Maior.
Las causas y las consecuencias del incendio de 1951 en el monasterio de San Julián de Samos. Nuevos datos para su estudio
Authors: López Salas Estefanía
Published: October 2016

En la mañana del 24 de septiembre de 1951, en el monasterio de San Julián de Samos (Lugo-España) se declaró un incendio que rápidamente se extendió por sus dependencias. En el presente artículo nos proponemos analizar, por un lado, cuáles fueron las causas del inicio de las llamas y, por otro, qué consecuencias tuvieron sobre la arquitectura de este complejo religioso, es decir, cuál era su estado tras ser controlado el fuego, hecho que tuvo lugar el 26 de septiembre siguiente, y justo antes de iniciarse los primeros trabajos orientados a su restauración, dos meses después. Para alcanzar estos objetivos llevamos a cabo la revisión de la bibliografía existente y la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes documentales, escritas y gráficas. La lectura y estudio minucioso de todas ellas nos permite aportar nuevos datos sobre la imagen del monasterio de Samos tras el siniestro, determinando con mayor exactitud tanto las permanencias como las pérdidas que este hecho accidental provocó sobre esta antigua fábrica monacal.

[gl] Na mañá do 24 de setembro de 1951, no mosteiro de San Xulián de Samos (Lugo-España) declarábase un incendio que axiña se estendía polas súas dependencias. No presente artigo propoñémonos analizar, por un lado, cales foron as causas do inicio das chamas e, por outro, qué consecuencias tiveron na arquitectura deste complexo relixioso, é dicir, cal era o seu estado tras ser controlado o incendio, feito que tivo lugar o 26 de setembro seguinte, e xusto antes de comezarse os primeiros traballos orientados á súa restauración, dous meses despois. Para alcanzar eses obxectivos levamos a cabo a revisión da bibliografía existente e a busca de novas fontes documentais, escritas e gráficas. A lectura e estudo minucioso de todas elas permítenos aportar novos datos sobre a imaxe do mosteiro de Samos tralo sinistro, determinando con maior exactitude tanto as permanencias como as perdas que este feito accidental provocou sobre esta antiga fábrica monacal.