bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Faktor Predisposisi yang Mempengaruhi Gangguan Jiwa di Puskesmas Desa Bantur Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Diah Kusuma  , Indari  , Dian Pitaloka Priasmoro
Published: December 2021

Gangguan jiwa adalah bentuk gangguan yang menyebabkan penderitanya susah bersosialisasi dan menimbulkan beban bagi keluarga. Penyebab gangguan jiwa sampai saat ini tidak diketahui secara pasti, namun berdasarkan sumber teori disebabkan karena faktor predisposisi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor predis posisi yang berpengaruh terjadinya gangguan jiwa. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan accidental sampling selama 3 minggu. Sampel penelitian ini 25 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Faktor predisposisi yang paling banyak pada biologis adalah genetik 9 responden (36%), pada psikologis yang paling banyak adalah pengalaman tidak menyenangkan

12 responden (48%), dan pada sosial yang paling banyak adalah tidak bekerja/memiliki penghasilan yang kurang 12 responden (48%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan intervensi keperawatan pada klien dengan gangguan jiwa tidak hanya mengobati tanda dan gejala tetapi juga dapat mencegah gangguan jiwa untuk mengurangi faktor-faktor tersebut.
Design of Soft Fingers for a Surgical Robotic Hand with Hybrid Structure
Authors: Ozbek Seda , Gezgin Erkin , Yazici Mustafa Volkan
Published: December 2021

Utilization of robot manipulators started to be preferred in many medical applications due to the rapid technological developments occurred in the last decade. Thanks to the studies and applications in the related literature, leaving the usage of classical industrial robot manipulator structures, new designs with respect to the application constraints have been focused on. In light of this, current study focuses on the design of soft fingers that will allow the usage of a robotic hand with hybrid structure on soft tissue handling that requires high precision and compliance. Throughout the study various prototype trials were carried out and their suitability for the system was discussed.
Sliding Mode Control of Catheter Drive System and Performance Improvement via Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Turkmen Gokmen Atakan , Cetin Levent , Gurses Baris Oguz , Sener Mert , Akbulbul Ozge , Baltaci Aysun
Published: December 2021

Catheters are used in medical applications such as bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, angiography. Due to the catheters are in direct contact with the tissue in these procedures, their movements must be controlled. In this study, three different sliding-mode controllers that can be used to control the movement of the catheter have been proposed. These are the classical sliding mode controller, quasi sliding mode controller, and asymptotic sliding mode controller structures. Performance comparison of the controllers was made by assessing the closed-loop system response. The results indicated that the performance of the quasi sliding mode controller was better than the other controllers. It has been proposed to use a fuzzy logic-based highest controller to improve the performance of the quasi sliding mode controller. The proposed controller structure updates the controller parameters depending on the predicted disturbance magnitude and position error. The results show that the real-time performance of the quasi sliding mode controller is improved by the change of the proposed control structure.
Histopathological Evaluation of Tissue Specific Responses of Subacute Clothianidin Administration in Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Nur Gokhan , Dogan Demet , Deveci Haci Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Clothianidin, one of the latest members of neonicotinoids, is a systemic insecticide of the neonicotinoid group that affects the central nervous system by acting as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Although it is stated that it has no dangerous potential for aquatic organisms, accumulation in water basins is important in terms of environmental toxicity. In this study, the histopathological changes caused by clothianidin applied in subacute application (7 days) form and in environmental doses (3, 15 and 30 µg/L) in the brain, kidney, muscle and gill tissue of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss were determined. Parallel to the administration of increasing doses of clothianidin, an increase in the severity of pathological lesions is observed in the brain, muscle, kidney and gill tissue. In particular, it shows that as a result of the accumulation of pesticides in aquatic organisms, lesions may develop as tissue-specific responses, thus leading to tissue dysfunction.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Nutrition and Dietetics
Authors: Ulker Izzet , Ayyildiz Feride
Published: December 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science whose purpose is to imitate thought processes, learning abilities, and knowledge management. The increasing number of applications in experimental and clinical medicine is striking. An artificial intelligence application in the field of nutrition and dietetics is a fairly new and important field. Different apps related to nutrition are offered to the use of individuals. The importance of individual nutrition has also triggered the increase in artificial intelligence apps. It is thought that different apps such as food preferences and dietary intake can play an important role in health promotion. Researchers may have some difficulties such as remembering the frequency or amount of intake in assessment of dietary intake. Some applications used in the assessment of food consumption contribute to overcoming these difficulties. Besides, these apps facilitate the work of researchers and provide more reliable results than traditional methods. The apps to be used in the field of nutrition and dietetics should be developed by considering the disadvantages. It is thought that artificial intelligence applications will contribute to both the improvement of health and the assessment and monitoring of nutritional status.
Evaluation of Wigner-Ville Distribution Features to Estimate Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials' Stimulation Frequency
Authors: Degirmenci Murside , Sayilgan Ebru , Isler Yalcin
Published: December 2021

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that enables people to communicate with the outside world and control various electronic devices by interpreting only brain activity (motor movement imagination, emotional state, any focused visual or auditory stimulus, etc.). The visual stimulation based recording is one of the most popular methods among various electroencephalography (EEG) recording methods. Steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEPs) where visual objects are blinking at a fixed frequency play an important role due to their high signal-to-noise ratio and higher information transfer rate in BCI applications. However, the design of multiple (more than 3) commands systems in SSVEPs based BCI systems is limited. The different approaches are recommended to overcome these problems. In this study, an approach based on machine learning is proposed to determine stimulating frequency in SSVEP signals. The data set (AVI SSVEP Dataset) is obtained through open access from the internet for simulations. The dataset includes EEG signals that was recorded when subjects looked at a flickering frequency at seven different frequencies (6-6.5-7-7.5-8.2-9.3-10Hz). In the machine learning-based approach Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) is used and features are extracted using Time-Frequency (TF) representations of EEG signals. These features are classified by Decision Tree, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes, Ensemble Learning classifiers. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieved promising accuracy rates for 7 command SSVEP systems. As a consequence, the maximum accuracy is achieved in the Ensemble Learning classifier with 47.60%.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN POLAND COMPARED TO BIOEAST COUNTRIES
Authors: Jurga Piotr
Published: December 2021

In the face of many global challenges, including ongoing climate change, policymakers are seeking viable solutions. The bioeconomy and its development are one of them. Partnerships, such as BIOEAST, are established to support the development of the bioeconomy in CEE countries. The conversion of biological biomass into new bio-products with high added value can contribute to a reduced environmental impact. One of the three economic sectors producing biomass for manufacturing is agriculture. Within the framework of this study, using the PRODCOM statistical list, which provides statistics on the production value of manufactured products, an assessment of manufacturing involving biomass processing utilizing biomass from the agricultural sector in countries of the BIOEAST initiative was performed. In BIOEAST Initiative countries, biomass from agriculture is predominantly used by the food production sector, followed by economic sectors, such as beverages, textiles, leather and wearing apparel. In several BIOEAST initiative countries, the percentage of the production value utilizing biomass from the agricultural sector is remarkable. Poland is one of those countries for which the value of manufacturing production utilizing agricultural biomass represents almost 30% of the total manufacturing value. The results obtained from the analysis, along with detailed information on specific product groups, can provide valuable information for decision makers planning the development of the bioeconomy in reviewed BIOEAST countries, including Poland.
AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS, EXTENSION, FINANCE AND RURAL LOANS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA:
THE CASE OF LOGISTIC REGRESSION
Authors: Madžar Lidija
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to examine the impact of the use of agricultural extension, advisory services and agricultural loans on the introduction of agricultural innovations in the Republic of Serbia. Agricultural innovations are incremental changes through which individuals and organizations introduce new or use significantly improved products, services or ways of organizing in order to increase the performance of agriculture. While agricultural extension involves agricultural knowledge, information and skills that are passed on to farmers, their associations and other value chains market actors, agricultural loans are one of the most important financial instruments available to them. In order to investigate the predictive power and influence of these variables, the paper applied the method of binary logistic regression due to the categorical nature of predictors and the dependent variable. Based on the conducted research, the article found that the use of agricultural loans does not have a statistically significant impact on the introduction of agricultural innovations in Serbia, while agricultural extension has. The article concludes that for the further flourishing of agricultural innovations, the development of advisory services, as well as for the development of various fiscal incentives and rural financial instruments, it is necessary to continuously develop the devastated Serbian village and invest more intensively in rural development. This is the only possible way to prevent further waves of rural population emigration to cities, as well as to improve their knowledge, propensity for innovations and livelihoods.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT WINTER RYE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Wyzińska Marta , Grabiński Jerzy
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to compare the production and economic effects of different winter rye depending on their production technologies. The study was carried out based on the results obtained from a field experiment conducted in two growing seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020). These experiments were conducted in Wielichowo Agricultural Experimental Station, belonging to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – the State Research Institute in Puławy (Poland). The result of the study was the determination of economic efficiency indicators for two cultivars of winter rye varieties according to production technology The technologies differed in terms of the degree of consumption of means of production. The studies showed a significant influence of production technology intensity on the yields of winter rye cultivars. Intensive technology resulted in a significant increase in grain yield. The tested cultivars yielded higher under intensive production technology. The cultivation of winter rye according to intensive technology compared to integrated technology resulted in a significant increase in grain yield . The grain yield increase for the KWS Vinetto cultivar was 0.13 t/ha, while for the Dańkowskie Granat cultivar 0.20 t/ha. Research showed that the level of production intensity determined the amount of direct costs as well as the profitability of production in a given technology. The compared technologies ensured the profitability of winter rye grain production. Both production technologies ensured the profitability of production of the tested cultivars of winter rye. The most profitable direct profitability index was characteristic for the population cultivar Dańkowskie Granat grown under the integrated technology.
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN PERI-URBAN LANDSCAPES - CASE STUDY FROM POLISH METROPOLITAN AREAS
Authors: Sroka Wojciech , Paluch Łukasz
Published: December 2021

The research literature emphasizes that the dynamic development of peri-urban areas more and more often results in changes in green infrastructure potential, manifested in gradual limitation of open space, decrease in its biodiversity and loss of natural and cultural values. The aim of the study is to identify and evaluate the changes in the structure of the green infrastructure of selected urban and peri-urban areas in Poland. To accomplish this aim, the authors stated a hypothesis that changes in green infrastructure potential depend on the location of municipalities in relation to dynamically growing cities. The research conducted partially confirmed the research hypothesis stated in the study. In core cities and municipalities located up to 25 km from cities, the decrease in agricultural areas is faster at a statistically significant level, and in cities the value of the indicator illustrating the ratio of urban green spaces to developed areas decreases. The potential of the other green infrastructure elements shows growth tendencies and is not related to location.
METHODOLOGY OF CLASSIFYING PERIPHERAL AREAS AND RESEARCH ON THEIR SOCIAL POTENTIAL – ORIGINAL CONCEPT
Authors: Klonowska-Matynia Maria , Czerwińska-Jaśkiewicz Małgorzata , Zarębski Patrycjusz Mikołaj , Sasin Maria
Published: December 2021

This article presents an original methodological concept for the diagnosis of social potential and the classification of peripheral areas. The authors operationalized and quantified this potential. The proposed typology of peripheral areas was assessed in terms of methodological correctness, cognitive usefulness and practical use. In the deliberations, it was possible to verify the hypothesis stating that peripheral areas, assessed as homogeneous clusters of communes, are subject to functional and structural classification. It is possible to distinguish relatively homogeneous types and to identify their local social potentials that serve to create the so-called critical mass that initiates development processes. The preliminary results of the research allowed the authors to assume as correct the statement that each of the distinguished functional types of communes in the peripheral area has a separate social potential that is characteristic of it. Its effective use may contribute to the initiation of innovative development processes in these communes. However, it is important that they take place on a separate path, adequately to the opportunities offered by this local social potential. The practical use of the methodological proposals will allow improving the process of planning and implementing the development strategy of peripheral communes, taking into account their specificity and social potential. It will also facilitate the implementation of the assumptions of the regional policy of the European Union.The authors’ methodological concept presented in the article, used to study social potentials in peripheral areas, is a proposal for researchers dealing with the issues of diversity in the socio-economic space and the problems of peripheral areas. Keywords: peripheral areas, typology, social potential, methodology, Middle Pomeranian Region JEL classification: R1, R58, O30
Organizational activity of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in participation of the delegation of Soviet scholars in the First Plenum of the International Society for the Exploration of the Arctic Regions by Means of the Airship (Aeroarctic) and its results
Authors: Maximova Olga Dmitrievna
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the exploration of Arctic, its economic development, and use of resources on the scientific basis as the crucial policy avenue of the Soviet Union. The International Society for the Exploration of the Arctic Regions by Airship (Aeroarctic) made a significant contribution to the research of the Russian Arctic. The success and performance of the Soviet members of this society largely depended on the organizational and norm-setting measures taken by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and its commissions in the late 1920s. For elucidation of the role of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in organizing international cooperation of the Soviet scholars, the article employs the materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation. Among noteworthy results of international cooperation within the framework of “Aeroarctic” are the following: 1) organization of the 2nd Congress of Aeroarctic Society held in Leningrad in 1928; 2) inclusion of the possibility of establishing trans-Arctic air routes between Europe and America in the five-year plan of research activity of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute for 1928 – 1933. In the activity of the Council of People's Commissars on the issues of Soviet participation in “Aeroarctic”, the author observes the proclivity for providing the procesude for recognition of the Arctic territories of the USSR by the global community; as well as protect the Soviet Arctic territories from the claims of foreign states. The second half of 1920s marks a major breakthrough in development of the Arctic in the USSR reflected in conduct of regular scientific research, acquisition of reliable knowledge on this remote part of the Earth, discovery of mineral deposits, which also allowed among strengthening defense potential of the country.
Comparison of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Deotale Anuradha , Kadam Sandeep S
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Subarachnoid block using bupivacaine along with fentanyl is routinely used in regional anaesthesia technique in lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries. However, fentanyl is often associated with various side effects. The use of dexmedetomidine as an alternative to fentanyl in regional blocks is emerging due to minimal adverse effects and prolonged duration of action. Aim: To compare intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine. Materials and Methods: The prospective, randomised study was performed on 100 patients, divided into two groups. Group I patients were administered with bupivacaine 12.5 mg (2.5 mL)+ fentanyl 25 μg (0.5 mL) whereas group II patients received bupivacaine 12.5 mg (2.5 mL) + dexmedetomidine 5 μg (0.5 mL). Post anaesthesia Heart Rate (HR) and Blood Pressure (BP) were recorded. The onset of sensory and motor block, level of sensory block, time for two segment regression, motor and sensor recovery, duration, quality of analgesia and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score were recorded. Data were analysed using R Studio V 1.2.5001 software. Wilcoxon signed rank test and independent sample t-test were used to find the difference between mean. The p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Time for onset of sensory block (p=0.0027), motor block (p<0.001) and peak sensory block (p<0.001) was significantly high in group I patients. Most of the patients of group I had a T8 level of sensory block (38%) while in group II around 36% of patients had T6 level of sensory block. Time for full motor recovery (p=0.0015) and sensor recovery (p<0.001) was high in group II patients. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is associated with long term motor and sensory block, excellent analgesia and there was less demand for rescue analgesics as compared to fentanyl.
Uncommon High Resolution Computed Tomography Features of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Series
Authors: Swarna . , Sharma Anuradha , Kanaujia Reeta , Jain Shalabh , Sharma Rohit
Published: December 2021

Classical imaging manifestations of pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) include consolidation, cavitation, necrotic mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions. On the other hand, atypical imaging findings of pulmonary TB are sometimes encountered which create a diagnostic dilemma; three such patients are reported here. The predominant finding in the first patient (24-year-old female) was diffuse cystic lung disease with associated bilateral secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces. The subacute onset of symptoms, associated nodules and ground glass opacities were a pointer towards an infective aetiology of the diffuse cysts in this case. The second patient (41-year-old female) presented with peribronchovascular and perifissural nodules with the galaxy or cluster sign leading to an erroneous diagnosis of sarcoidosis. However, the patient’s serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) levels were within normal limits; whereas her bronchial washings culture was positive for Mycobacterium TB. Therefore, this was actually a case of pulmonary TB with lymphatic involvement mimicking sarcoidosis. In the third patient (20-year-old female), there were pulmonary parenchymal lesions with the reversed halo sign classically described in cryptogenic organising pneumonia. Micronodularity in the wall and central part of the reversed halo lesion clinched the diagnosis of TB in this case. Laboratory investigations revealed acid fast bacilli or caseating granulomas consistent with TB in all these patients. Therefore, awareness regarding the atypical Computed tomography (CT) findings and a high index of suspicion is necessary to avoid delays in diagnosis and enable early institution of appropriate Antitubercular Therapy (ATT) in such cases.
Positive Emotion Induction for Pain Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis- A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Amanullah Nidhal A , Ram Dushad , Ramaswami Subramanian , Alammar Muath
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease and a substantial proportion of patients continue to suffer from chronic pain and disability despite standard pharmacotherapy. A substantial proportion of patients with RA also develop anxiety and depressive symptoms. Positive Emotion Induction (PEI) has been shown to reduce pain symptoms. Aim: To know the effect of positive emotion induction as an adjunctive intervention on RA associated pain and disability. Materials and Methods: The longitudinal hospital based study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Rheumatology and Psychiatry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India, from January 2018 to June 2019, included 85 consecutive participants with RA were recruited and assessed at baseline with Health Assessment Questionnaire scale {HAQ-DI and Visual Analog Scale (VAS)}, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). Six session of PEI was done using recreating pleasant memory and the same was practiced at home daily by the patient. All participants were reassessed with the same parameter after three months. Paired sample t-test was done to know the change in the score pre and post test on the score of HAQ-DI and VAS, HAM-A, HAM-D. The value of statistical significance was p-value ≤0.05. Results: The majority of the participants belonged to 40-50 years of age, were married, females, studied to middle school, of low socio-economic status, had a nuclear family. The majority had duration of RA been two to four years, with severe illness and were on regular medication. Statistically significant difference was observed in pre and post test on the score of HAQ-VAS (t=8.23, p<0.05), HAM-A (t=11.40, p<0.05) and HAM-D (t=10.95, p<0.05). Conclusion: Brief psychological intervention (PEI) may be a useful adjunct intervention in patients with RA. Further study is needed to explore the clinical use of the PEI for intervention in RA.
Intravenous Propofol and Inhalational Sevoflurane for Ease of Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Chakraborty Nilanjan , Mukherjee Prosenjit , Pal Rita
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) has gained extensive popularity for airway management during surgery. Propofol, the most commonly used induction agent for LMA insertion, causes significant haemodynamic changes. Sevoflurane has the potential to be as good an induction agent as propofol. Aim: To compare ease of insertion of classic LMA in patients undergoing elective surgery using intravenous propofol and inhalational sevoflurane. Materials and Methods: The study was a randomised clinical trial conducted in the Operation Theatres of Midnapur Medical College and Hospital, Medinipur, West Bengal, India, from August 2019 to July 2020. Eighty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade I and II, of both sexes, and aged between 18 years to 65 years were equally divided into two groups: group P (Propofol group) and group S (Sevoflurane group). Group P was given injection Propofol 2.5 mg/kg body weight and group S was given vital capacity breath induction with 8% sevoflurane and oxygen at 8 litres/min. Loss of Consciousness (LOC) was confirmed and induction time was noted for each group. After confirmation of ease of mouth opening, by an independent observer, LMA insertion was attempted. Ease of LMA insertion was assessed by a predefined 18 points table along with time to LMA insertion and number of attempts. Haemodynamic changes and adverse effects were also recorded. Chi-square test or Student’s t-test were used and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: With respect to age, sex and weight there were no significant differences between the two groups. Induction time was significantly less in group P (51.85±6.66 seconds) compared to group S (68.38±13.93 seconds) (p-value=0.0001), but LMA insertion time, number of attempts and overall ease of LMA insertion conditions according to the 18 points score were comparable between the two groups. Mean arterial pressure at certain points after induction was significantly less in group P (at 3 minute p-value=0.009 and at 5 minute p-value=0.007). Apnea was significantly more in group P (p-value=0.023). Conclusion: Sevoflurane was comparable to propofol for LMA insertion in respect of ease of insertion and insertion time. Although induction time was significantly less for propofol, sevoflurane offered better haemodynamic stability and lesser incidence of apnea.
A Cross-sectional Study to Determine the Factors Affecting the Quality of Life in Patients with Grand Mal Epilepsy
Authors: Yadav Jagriti , Singh Priti , Dabla Surekha , Gupta Rajiv
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that affects various domains of life apart from causing physical dysfunction. It is associated with various cognitive and psycho- social complications that can adversely affect the Quality of Life (QoL). Aim: To study the socio-demographic and clinical factors affecting QoL in Patients With Epilepsy (PWE). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in northern India on patients with Grand Mal Epilepsy. Total 60 PWE were assessed for psychiatric co-morbidity using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 6.0 and were divided into two groups, Group I and Group II, based on absence and presence of psychiatric co-morbidity, respectively. Self-administered QoL in Epilepsy-31 Scale was then used in both the groups to assess QoL in the study subjects and statistical analysis was done. Normally, distributed quantitative data was analysed using independent t-test for two groups and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test for three or more groups. Results: The mean age of the study population was 27.68±9.51 years. A 55% of the study population were males and 45% of total study population were females. The mean total duration of epilepsy was 7.42±6.98 years. There was significant main effect due to socio-economic status for domains of emotional well-being (F=7.513, p=0.010), energy/fatigue (F=5.625, p=0.021), cognitive functions (F=7.708, p=0.007) and overall score (F=6.876, p=0.011) on QOLIE-31 scale. There was a significant main effect due to total duration of seizure disorder for domains of energy/fatigue (F=2.724, p=0.03) and cognitive functions (F=2.852, p=0.03). The mean scores of PWE with psychiatric co-morbidity were lower than PWE without psychiatric co-morbidity in all the domains of QoL in epilepsy scale and the differences in two groups were statistically significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: The present study showed that QoL in PWE is associated with various socio-demographic and clinical factors beyond seizure control.
Protocol Based Blood Management in Major Obstetric Haemorrhage- A Case Series
Authors: Biji Kannammadathy Poulose , Rashmi Ravindran , Rekha Krishnankutty , Vineetha Prabhakaran , Abida Bengalath
Published: December 2021

Major obstetric haemorrhage remains the leading cause of maternal mortality globally. Irrespective of the etiology of haemorrhage, rapid and efficient intervention using proactive standardised protocols should gain precedence in the management of major obstetric haemorrhage. As the available resources vary between institutions, protocol specific to each institution is important for timely intervention. This case series reports a few successfully managed cases of obstetric haemorrhage by the implementation of institution based Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP). Two antenatally diagnosed patients with placenta percreta had elective hysterectomy with bladder repair. The massive haemorrhages in both these cases were managed efficiently with the use of MTP without any sequelae. Another case of atonic Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) which did not respond to first line management also was treated successfully with the prompt activation of protocol. A case of uterine rupture with haemorrhagic shock was managed with massive transfusion according to protocol and vasopressors and she survived with no major side effects. A case of traumatic PPH which presented with severe anaemia (Hb 4.6 gm/dL) could also be successfully resuscitated by the timely activation of MTP.
Effect of Germination Period on Some Functional and Engineering Properties of Sorghum Flour
Authors: Ogunlakin G. O. , Onibokun E. H. , Fashogbon B.
Published: December 2021

Sorghum (red and white) were germinated for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h to determine the effect of germination on some functional and engineering properties of sorghum flour. The bulk density results for the red and white germinated sorghum are 0.620-0.673 g/cm3 and 0.477-0.620 g/cm3, respectively. Water absorption capacity values for the two samples are 116.630-125.970% and 81.643-98.293% while the oil absorption capacity ranged from 62.917 to 85.750% and 44.933 to 61.980%, respectively for the two samples. The dispersibility test for the two samples gave 85.67-87.33% and 83.00-84.67%. The swelling power at 55 °C are 2.54-2.67 and 2.70-3.26, at 75 °C, 3.62-4.68 and 3.85-4.56, and at 90 °C, 2.98-4.79 and 6.29-7.23, respectively for the two samples. For the engineering properties, the specific heat capacity ranged from 0.14 to 0.45 kJ/kg K and 0.12 to 0.14 kJ/kg K, thermal conductivity, from 0.55 to 1.67 W/mK and 1.01 to 1.24 W/mK and thermal diffusivity from 0.13 to 0.82 m2/s and 0.11 to 0.12 m2/s, respectively for red and white germinated sorghum flours. It can be concluded from this study that increased the values of bulk density, WAC, OAC, and dispersibility test of the two samples with the increase in germination period with the optimum germination period of 72 h. Engineering properties results indicated that germination had a beneficial effect on the thermal conductivity of the germinated red sorghum and the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the white germinated sorghum with 96 h having the best result for both samples.
Impact on Knowledge of Blackgram Growers in Periyar Vaigai Command Area of Madurai District
Authors: Ramakrishnan K.
Published: December 2021

The World Bank Supported TN IAM (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization) Project is a follow up of IAMWARM presently it was called as (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water-Bodies Restoration and Management) Project which has made significant development and impacts in the Tamil Nadu state by modernizing irrigation infrastructure, improving water use efficiency, enhancing yield and productivity of agriculture in a climate resilient production systems, diversification towards high-value crops, strengthening the institutional reforms through Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) and Water Users Association (WUA). Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.  The foremost objective of the study is to assess the knowledge level of respondents in the study area. According to crop production technology aspects revealed that (79.00%) of the beneficiaries possessed knowledge in using VBN 6 variety for cultivation. The study concluded that majority (80.00%) of the beneficiaries were possessed knowledge on (cultural control) fixation of light traps, crop rotation (77.50%) and sowing carry out in proper season.
Teacher Awareness and Adoption of Bloom’s Taxonomy in Higher Education Institutions in Bhutan: A Case Study of Gedu College of Business Studies
Authors: Drakpa Dawa , Chaudhuri Kalpak , Zangmo Sonam , Yangchen Karma
Published: December 2021

Aims: The purpose of this study is to identify the teacher’s awareness and adoption of bloom’s taxonomy in-class assessment (examination) by teachers of Gedu College of Business Studies (GCBS), Bhutan.

Study design: The descriptive and content analysis was applied.

Place and Duration of Study: Teaching faculty of GCBS and exam question paper for the year June 2020 was studied. The study was conducted between June 2019 and December 2020.

Methodology: The census survey was done with 63 teachers of which 48 responded (38 men, 10 women). The teachers’ awareness of Bloom’s taxonomy was assessed in terms of knowledge and information received on bloom’s taxonomy, and the exam question paper was analyzed to comprehend, how adequately teachers have adopted bloom’s taxonomy in the assessment of the student.

Results: Results revealed that all the GCBS teachers are aware of the concepts and the majority think that their understanding of the concepts is good and above (79.2%). Though teachers are aware and familiar with bloom’s taxonomy concepts, those concepts were not used accordingly in preparation for the exam paper. The overall marks distributed in six levels of Bloom's taxonomy show that exam paper questions are slightly skewed to the lower level of Bloom's taxonomy.

Conclusion: Without a careful mapping of questions according to Bloom's taxonomy, the examination will not yield the desirable objective of the module.
Benefits in the Tilapia Growth, by Vetiver Grass in an Aquaponics System
Authors: Galindo Reyes J. Guillermo
Published: December 2021

Tilapia aquaculture has growing vertiginously in the world, reaching 7.02 million tons in 2020. In Mexico, the same year reached 72.6 thousand tons. This production values have increased environmental impact and production costs. In Mexico there is a pre-Hispanic aquaponics system, where people culture corn, bean fishes and other organisms. Taken this system as basis, the aim this work was demonstrate the benefits in tilapia aquaculture, by Vetiver grass. Three mini-ponds make up by tilapia juveniles and Vetiver in aquaponics system, and one mini-pond without Vetiver, were cultured during ten weeks. The ammonia, nitrates, dissolved O2, pH etc., and also tilapia weights were recorded along experiment. Results indicated that, ammonia decreased, nitrate increased and tilapia weight increased significantly in mini-ponds with Vetiver than without Vetiver. A von Bertalanffy simplified model was used to calculate time required for tilapias reached 500 g (commercial size) with Vetiver and without Vetiver; it was 48.6 and 54.4 weeks respectively. An extrapolation to commercial tilapia aquaculture, will decreased production cost, due to lower amount of feed and water in tilapia hatcheries; also, a lower environmental impact by wastes discharged to coastal ecosystems, e.g., the amount of ammonia produced in mini-ponds with Vetiver was 4.56 times less than mini-pond without Vitier at week ten. Moreover, tilapia culture with Vetiver, have an aggregated value, because Vetiver is used in perfumes production, reaching 45.2 billons US dollars in 2020.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Hair Loss: Knowledge and Practice of Adult Female Population in Saudi Arabia, 2020
Authors: Albadawi Elsadig Yousif Mohamed , Abdulmajeed Imad , Rahman Saeed , Tohami Medani Khalid El
Published: December 2021

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem related to public health causing multiple disorders, for example rickets, osteoporosis (weak bones) and osteomalacia. Lack of information, education and perception about the normal requirements of vitamin D is leading to emergence of many diseases in Saudi population. We aimed to assess Knowledge and practice of vitamin D deficiency and risk of hair loss among adult female population in Saudi Arabia.

Method: We performed a cross sectional study in adult females older than 16 years who are residing in Saudi Arabia using an electronic, self-administered, author designed, pre-tested, close-ended questionnaire. We excluded female healthcare workers. Knowledge and practice of vitamin D deficiency and risk of hair loss were measured among included females. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: A total of 810 female were included. Most of participants were between 18-25 (41.6%) and 26-35 (39.5%) years old. 42.6% of total participant were single. 96% of them heard about vitamin D. The main source of information were Relatives & friends (55.8%) followed by health care professional (50.75%).  503 (62.1%) of the participating females correctly knew that there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hair loss, 188 (23.2%) thought that there is no relationship while 119 (14.7%) did not know or did not have any opinion. Regarding practice, about 216 (26.7%) participants exposed themselves to sunlight, and 40% were taking Vitamin D supplement. The overall knowledge score was 9.4 ± 2.80 out of 18. A significant difference in knowledge score was found according to age, nationality, residence and marital status.

Conclusions : The overall knowledge score was average among participants, and majority of them heard about vitamin D. About two third of the participants knew that there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hair loss. There is a need to increase the taking of vitamin D supplement among female for prevention from diseases.
Statistical Distribution of Lassa Fever in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Chinagorom Nwaigwe, Chrysogonus , Chekwube Bartholomew, Desmond , Adachukwu Eze, Petra
Published: December 2021

Lassa fever is a severe viral infection caused by the Lassa virus and spread by contact with excretions or secretions of infected rats gaining access to food and water inside human houses and other human activity areas. Sierra Leone, the Republic of Guinea, Nigeria, and Liberia are among the nations where it is endemic with a high number of deaths recorded yearly due to Lassa fever. In Nigeria, one of the states with the highest incidence is Edo. In order to reduce and predict the spread of Lassa fever in Edo state, the trend of the disease needs to be understood. Knowledge of the statistical distribution of a disease is one of the best ways to understand the trend of the disease. Currently, existing research on the statistical distribution of Lassa fever is very rare. The present work is an attempt to initiate research on the statistical distribution of Lassa fever with data obtained on weekly cases of Lassa Fever in Edo State, Nigeria. Based on the Kolmogorov Smirnoff and Anderson Darling’s goodness of fit test for fitting distribution, the Geometric distribution outfitted the weekly confirmed incidences of Lassa fever in Edo State, Nigeria when compared with the Discrete Uniform and Poisson distributions. The study further revealed that on the average, two Lassa fever cases is recorded per week in Edo State within the study period. This number of cases per week is on the high side and should be immediately looked into.
Cost and Return in Black Gram Cultivation among Members of Farmer Producer Organization in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ilango Nandhaanaa Nallusamy , Parimalarangan R. , Kalpana M.
Published: December 2021

Farmer producer companies normally carry out the activities such as production, harvesting, processing, procurement, grading, handling, marketing, selling, export of primary produce of the members or import of goods or services for their benefit. The present study was conducted in Theni District of Tamil Nadu. Primary as well as secondary data on black gram were collected for this present study. Simple statistical analysis such as arithmetic mean and percentage analysis and Compound growth rate analysis was worked out. Among operational costs, the cost of human labour accounted the highest share (36.03 per cent) in Black gram cultivation. Total cost of cultivation of black gram among the sample farmers of FPO in the study area was Rs. 46477.26/ha. The net return realised from Black gram cultivation was Rs. 21722.74/ha.
Spatial Behavior of Soil Erodibility in the La Villa River Basin, Panama
Authors: Martínez Lwonel Agudo , Núñez José Villarreal , Pérez Jhon Villalaz , Zachrisson Iván Ramos
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Soil erodibility is an important factor in understanding the erosion that takes place in a territory. This is a parameter that can behave erratically in small spaces, but that describes a trend in larger spaces.

Aim: Determine the K factor of soil erodibility in the La Villa-Panama river basin.

Place and Duration of Study: La Villa River Basin-Azuero Peninsula, Panama. 2010-2012.

Methodology: 98 points of the La Villa river watershed were sampled. Factor K was calculated using the adaptation to the sol-erodibility nomogram. The percentage of organic matter, structure class (in the field), permeability (combination permeameter) and the percentages of sand, silt and very fine sand (Bouyoucos method) were determined. To obtain the most complete information possible on the distribution of erodibility, a superficial interpolation of the point values ​​corresponding to the soil samples taken was carried out. The software used was Arcview 3.3 and the Spatial Analyst extension. The interpolation method was IDW (Inverse Distance Weight). The erodibility values ​​were categorized into seven intervals in such a way that it was possible to observe the differences on the map.

Results: The erodibility values ​​were influenced by the content of organic matter and coarse particles (percentage of sand and silt + very fine sand) of the soil. In the province of Herrera, 86% of the land surface and 76% in the province of Los Santos presents susceptibility to erosion in the ranges of 0.032 to 0.043 Ton ha h ha-1 Mj-1 mm-1.

Conclusion: The results indicate that 80% of the soils of the La Villa river basin present a moderately high erodibility factor, with the highest values ​​being registered in the upper middle zone.
Influence of Zeolite Application on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) in Rainfed Condition
Authors: Shivakumara M. N. , Murthy R. Krishna , Jagadeesha G. S.
Published: December 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Gandhi Krishi vigyana Kendra, Bengaluru during kharif-2017 and 2018 to study the influence of zeolite application on growth and yield of finger millet crop. The pooled analysis showed significantly higher plant height recorded in the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer)  which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in 30, 60, 90 and at Harvest stage. The number of tillers per hill (3.44), total dry matter production (41.67 g hill-1), number of fingers per ear head (5.95), straw yield (36.07 q ha-1) and grain yield (48.00 q ha-1) was recorded in the treatment received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in pooled analysis.
Haematology of Birds and Microbial Analysis of Recycled Poultry Litter Treated with Graded Levels of Aluminium Sulphate (Alum)
Authors: Usman A. A. , Olugbemi T. S. , Omage J. J. , Usman H. B.
Published: December 2021

The study was carried out at the poultry unit of the Department of Animal Science teaching and research farm, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria to determine the Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Poultry Litter Treated with Graded Levels of Aluminium sulphate (Alum). The alum used was obtained from the Sabon-garimarket in Zaria, Kaduna State. Aluminium sulphate (alum) was applied to the wood shavings by mixing it with alum thoroughly using hands covered with hand gloves. The rates of alum application was as follows: T1 control (normal poultry litter with no alum), T2 (5% alum by kg weight of poultry litter), T3 (10% alum by kg weight of poultry litter) and T4 (15% alum by kg weight of poultry litter). Five sets of litter samples were obtained fortnightly from each pen from different locations i.e. the four corners and centre from which the microbial load were measured. At the termination of the experiment (day 56), two birds from each pen having representative weights for the group (6 birds per Treatment) were selected and 1.5ml of blood was taken via the wing vein. Haematological parameters were analyzed by an auto haemo-analyser (BC2800 vet auto haemo analyser) at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. This result shows significant (P<0.05) difference among all the parameters analysed except MCHC. The result shows a significant decrease in the total bacteria, E. coliand Salmonella spp. in the alum treated litter groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated litter) compared to the control group (0% alum treated litter), the mould and yeast load was significantly increased in alum treated litter groups (5%, 10% and 15% alum treated litter) compared to the control group (0% alum treated litter).The study conclude that treating recycled poultry litter with alum can reduce microbial load of the litter. Birds reared on recycled poultry litter have significantly higher haemoglobin and PCV compared to the control.