bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Justification of Personified Approach to Diagnostics, Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome Among Inhabitants of Khakassia
Authors: Россова  , Rossova N. , Иванова  , Ivanova S. , Килина  , Kilina O. , Ханарин  , Khanarin N. , Чудинова  , Chudinova O.
Published: November 2014

The article gives the justification of the personified approach to diagnostics, prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome among inhabitants of Khakassia. The article reveals additional data confirming the phenomenon of a population dimorphism of metabolic syndrome referring to a complex clinical laboratory examination of two ethnic populations living in Khakassia – Khakas who represent the indigenous people originating from Mongoloids and non-indigenous population (Caucasians). The authors demonstrate statistically and clinically significant differences in the frequency of their occurrence and intensity of separate symptoms and cardiovascular complications of metabolic syndrome. It is shown that indigenous people suffering from metabolic syndrome have less intensive visceral obesity in comparison with non-indigenous population. Multiagent metabolic syndrome is established to prevail among both indigenous and non-indigenous people. The combination of only two agents is considerably rarer among Khakas with metabolic syndrome than among non-indigenous inhabitants with this disease. The ultrasonic examination of carotids proves that Khakas suffering from metabolic syndrome have more intensive thickening of intima-media in comparison with the non-indigenous, with less intensive visceral obesity among Khakas. Visceral obesity of Khakas associates with high risk of intima-media thickening (OR=2,95).
Residual syndrome in convalescents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Анисимова  , Anisimova T. , Ефимова  , Efimova E.
Published: November 2014

The outcomes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were analyzed in 55 patients who were under the supervision of a physician – infectious within one year after the disease. This issue has been studied in more detail by the example of Hantaan virus infection in the Far East, the effects of Puumala infection aren’t well understood, vigilance among physicians concerning the formation of chronic kidney disease in patients is lacking. However, it is proved that the peculiarities of the clinical course of HFRS are caused by a specific serotype of the virus. It is revealed that the leading clinical manifestation in patients in early reconvalescence period of HFRS was astheno vegetative syndrome. Long-term prognosis of patients with HFRS, isn’t always favorable, it may be associated with prolonged disorders of the kidneys. Renal pathology includes lumbar – pain, eyelid swelling, dysuric phenomena, polyuria, nycturia, proteinuria, hematuria, cylindruria, reposotory. It is established that the disease is accompanied by a prolonged dysfunction of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, hepato-biliary system, this suggests the possibility of development of chronic pathology of different organs and the need for surveillance of HFRS patients, not only the infectious, but the nephrologist, cardiologist, neurologist.
Recruitment and retention remain roots of all NHS ills
Authors: Roth Andrew
Published: November 2014

I seldom get up early enough on Sundays to watch the Frost programme. I like sleeping in. I also dislike watching his much-dyed hair and listening to his handwashing solicitousness. This, I admit, dates back to when we both worked for That Was The Week That Was. On one occasion he hijacked a satirical profile of Henry Brooke (written by me and Joe Haines) and, by adding a single line — ‘if you are Home Secretary you can get away with murder’ — claimed the whole sketch as his own.
Tackling inequalities — the Acheson agenda
Authors: Worth Chris , Worth Vincent
Published: November 2014

Building on the received wisdom of the 1998 Acheson Report on Health Inequalities, this paper examines the particular difficulties faced by Health Authorities in tackling this complex agenda.
Changing times for the independent hospice
Authors: Clark David , Seymour Jane
Published: November 2014

This paper draws on a recent survey of senior hospice personnel's opinions to suggest the new agenda for hospice provision in terms of Health Improvement Programmes and Primary Care Groups.
Current crisis is legacy of the managed market
Authors: Potter Alan
Published: November 2014

Using Pathology services to illustrate the extremity of the problem, the author examines the NHS' chronic recruitment problems and argues that these can be traced back to the introduction of the trust system of managed care.
Putting HR research into mainstream practice
Authors: Keep Jane
Published: November 2014

This paper, using an actual case study project, sets out to highlight key aspects of research into practice, and how this can enhance both a research project, and the development of those involved in project throughout the process.
Star signs don't eclipse problems with Payment By Results
Authors: Timmins Nicholas
Published: November 2014

It's over. But before we wave it off at the airport, it has provided enough light reading about the future of the NHS and of its management to spoil many a summer break on the beach, along with some interesting pointers of what the new NHS may look like.
NHS Employers' Organisation: why it's the right move for the NHS Confederation to be in charge
Authors: Cumberland Amanda
Published: November 2014

The NHS Confederation is currently gestating the new NHS Employers' Organisation, which will take over all staff negotiations from the Department of Health.

This article explores the reasons for the change.
Simulation modelling for intermediate care
Authors: Kotiadis Kathy , Mackenzie Mathew
Published: November 2014

This paper demonstrates that simulation modelling can be used to support operational decision-making in intermediate care.
More money, money, money for the doctors
Authors: Maynard Alan
Published: November 2014

The summer of 2004 is a particularly difficult time for hospital consultants. Having received their back pay for the new contract, they have the problem of how to spend their newfound wealth. Whilst they struggle with such challenges, managers wilt under the consequences of ridiculous Government profligacy.
Dr Liam Fox as the next Tory leader
Authors: Roth Andrew
Published: November 2014

Eight years ago I learned why doctors, except in emergencies, do not disclose their calling when away from their surgeries or hospitals, to avoid being pumped endlessly by everybody.
The Blair reforms: Have they been a ‘Great Leap Forward’ – or the beginning of the end of NHS provision?
Authors: Maynard Alan
Published: November 2014

From the beginning of the Blair programme increasing public service funding, he emphasised that the reform is an exchange relationship whereby the beneficiaries of increased funding should ensure that service delivery in the future is “smarter”.
NPfIT to LPfIT: Why the NHS needs to move from centralised to distributed systems for IT
Authors: Sang Bob
Published: November 2014

As alarmist headlines accumulate -‘Doctors fear £6 billion IT project will be fiasco’ (Guardian 8 February 2005), fuelled by an increasingly cynical media -‘E-booking to miss its appointment’ (E-Health-Media, 20 Jan, 2005), the real risk to the acclaimed, multi-billion National Programme for Information Technology, is that it will continue to be aggressively‘driven’ from the centre: a‘one-size-fits-all’ model of implementation.
The state of reform in mental health
Authors: Bell Andy
Published: November 2014

A little over five years ago, the first of the Government's National Service Frameworks was published, for mental health care. It set out what mental health services were expected to offer people and gave seven standards, ranging from mental health promotion and better primary care to crisis care and suicide reduction.
Will the Blur reforms undermine the NHS?
Authors: Maynard Alan
Published: November 2014

Conspiracy or cock-up? Let us first assume that the objective of the NHS is to deliver health care efficiently to patients in relation to their relative need, with need being defined as their capacity to benefit from care per unit of cost. The achievement of this objective requires knowledge of the cost-effectiveness of competing treatments and wheezes being offered by medical practitioners and policy makers who shape the delivery and funding of health care. Success in the pursuit of these goals results in the £70 billion-plus being spent on the NHS producing the greatest possible improvement in the health of the UK population.
The appropriate use of gloves to reduce allergies and infection
Authors: Hampton Sylvie
Published: November 2014

Twenty years ago, the wearing of gloves for non-sterile procedures was viewed as insulting to the patient as it made him/her feel ‘unclean’. Today, gloves are worn for all procedures and are often wastefully used. There must be a fine balance between inappropriate and appropriate use of gloves and between the use of latex gloves for comfort and fine movements vs the potential for latex allergies. This article will review the use of synthetic and latex gloves and examine some of the related issues.
Statutory duties under the Occupiers' Liability Act 1957
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: November 2014

Aubretia was a community nurse working for the Roger Park Hospital and her list of patients included some who lived on a very deprived estate. She was visiting one elderly person when she fell through a rotten floorboard and sustained severe injuries to her leg. She was admitted to hospital and was off work for several weeks. She is anxious to obtain compensation and seeks legal advice.
Establishing breach of the duty of care in the tort of negligence
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2014

This article, the third in a series on clinical negligence, looks at the law surrounding breach of the duty of care in negligence. It shows some of the principles that judges and lawyers use in order to decide whether a person has broken his/her duty of care in the tort of negligence. It will be seen that the principles are contained in decided court cases, some of which are quite old but are still relevant today. The focus of this article is on the rule that courts, in deciding the issue of a breach of duty of care, would judge the defendant's conduct by the standard of what the hypothetical, ‘reasonable person’ would have done in the circumstances of the case.
Ethics and children's rights: learning from past mistakes
Authors: Charles-Edwards Imelda , Glasper Edward A
Published: November 2014

The primary aim of this article is to examine, within the context of recent controversial child health practice and research, the underlying philosophy of the aspect of the Nursing and Midwifery Council's Code of Professional Conduct which states that: ‘You are personally accountable for ensuring that you promote and protect the interests and dignity of patients and clients, irrespective of gender, age, race, ability, sexuality, economic status, lifestyle, culture and religious or political belief.’ A description of the Nuremberg Code, the Helsinki Declaration, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Human Rights Act 1998 will form the backdrop to this article and a range of contemporary examples will be used to illuminate the ethical dilemmas facing children's nurses in their day-to-day work. Within this context the four major principles that underpin healthcare ethics will be investigated and the legacy of historical unethical practice and research acknowledged. The vulnerability of children and their families to potential coercion, and the role of local research ethics committees, will be discussed.
Medicines and the older person: principles of good practice
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: November 2014

The UK has an ageing population — there are currently more people aged over 60 years than aged 16 years and under. The National Service Framework (NSF) for Older People provides standards for health and social services to ensure that older people receive high-quality care (Department of Heath (DoH), 2001a). An addendum to the NSF describes how the use of medicines for and by older people can be improved (DoH, 2001b). The aim of the document is to ensure that older people achieve the greatest benefit from their medications in order to sustain and increase their quality of life. The document also attempts to ensure that the older person does not suffer needlessly from illness that may be brought about by excessive, inappropriate or inadequate consumption of medicines. This article discusses how medications for older people can be taken in a safe and effective manner in relation to the addendum to the NSF (DoH, 2001b). Nurses must ensure that a multidisciplinary approach is adopted when setting standards and developing protocols for the safe and effective administration of medicines.
Living theory: enhancing the psychological support of patients
Authors: Hawkins Jen , Hollinworth Helen
Published: November 2014

This article explores how nurses involved in a research project, that incorporated teaching psychological theories and counselling skills to enhance the psychological support of patients with wounds, had, one year on, changed their professional practice. This inquiry was framed by living theory, a concept previously only used in education, which is based on the integration of known knowledge, newly taught knowledge and increased self-awareness. The major principle of living theory is that one's values are questioned, modified, clarified and sometimes changed completely in striving to improve one's professional practice. This research showed nurses creating their own living theories, aspiring to really care for the whole person by developing strong, meaningful relationships with patients. The steps that participants took from first using this enhanced way of working with patients with wounds, to using it to support all patients psychologically, are demonstrated.
Case study of alopecia universalis and web-based news groups
Authors: Fox Jane
Published: November 2014

This article presents findings from an 18-month case study of a web-based news group used by individuals with alopecia universalis. Content analysis of 228 episodes of web-based communication that occurred in relation to themes of discussion was undertaken supported by the use of concept mapping (Northcott, 1996). Analysis identified a core concept relating to that of a community of shared experience together with four supportive themes. The themes were the search for understanding and meaning, carrying on, seeking balance between past, present and future, and relating to new self, others and the world. The article discusses the increased growth in the use of the web as a vehicle for exploring health concerns and the specific ethical and methodological issues raised by research in this area.
Legal regulation mechanisms in the control of medicines
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: November 2014

In 2002, a case was brought against the Secretary of State — sued on behalf of the Committee for the Safety of Medicines (CSM) — by a mother who in May 1986 gave aspirin to her 6-year-old daughter who was suffering from chickenpox (Smith vs Secretary of State for Health, [2002]). The child deteriorated and following admission to hospital she was diagnosed as suffering from Reye's syndrome. As a consequence, the girl was left with a serious neurological handicap and was totally dependent on others for her care.

In June 1986, the government issued a general public warning advising parents not to give aspirin in any form to children under 12 years old and told chemists to take all junior aspirin preparations off their shelves. This followed advice from the CSM that in this age group aspirin could trigger the fatal disease Reye's syndrome. The CSM had been aware of this danger in September 1982 following evidence in the USA.

Further evidence was produced in 1985 and the CSM continued to monitor the situation. In April 1986, a meeting was held between the Department of Health (DoH) and members of the aspirin industry. It was subsequently agreed that the producers would withdraw stocks and there would be cooperation between the industry and the DoH rather than a public warning.

In May 1986, the CSM recommended that the DoH should give a general public warning, which was made on 10 June 1986. The mother's case was that there was an unreasonable delay in publishing a warning following the CSM meeting on 26 March 1986. It was accepted that the administration of aspirin was a contributory factor in the development of the girl's neurological condition and that had her mother been aware of the warnings before May 1986 she would not have given her aspirin. Were the Secretary of State and CSM liable?
Pressure ulcer prevention: education for nursing home staff
Authors: Law Jaki
Published: November 2014

This article describes an education programme for a group of nurses working in several nursing homes located in different areas of the Midlands but each belonging to the same care group. The group's management team had identified that there were patients in the nursing homes who had severe pressure ulcers and that staff were not managing their care adequately in order for healing to occur. It has been identified that ‘education is probably the single most effective way of reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers’ (Department of Health (DoH), 1993). Although the various nursing homes were able to access the skills of clinical nurse specialists in tissue viability, severe pressure ulcers were failing to heal and nursing home staff requested additional education to help them address this problem. Nurses in the homes expressed a desire to gain a deeper knowledge of the problem, so they would be able to plan and implement appropriate care autonomously and thus raise the standard of pressure ulcer care provided in each home. This article discusses the implementation of a comprehensive education programme that contributed to raising the standards of patient care and to the professional self-worth of the nurses involved.
Digital inscriptions and the dancing body: Expanding territories through and with the archive
Authors: Whatley Sarah
Published: November 2014

This article will reflect on British choreographer Siobhan Davies and her changing relationship with her own digital archive, Siobhan Davies RePlay, to explore the creative potential of archives for dance artists, and the ways in which artists engage with and intervene in the archival process. With a focus on Davies’ work during and since the creation of the archive, the article will chart the way that her choreography has developed in effect in dialogue with the archive, whether explicit or implicit in her developing choreographic oeuvre. This dialogue has enabled Davies to investigate new ways of conceiving time and space in work that tests the conventions of choreographic practice, creating what might be described as a ‘landscape of vitality’, which reflects back on the archive as an articulation of her creative strategies. Consequently, several projects since the launch of RePlay in 2009 have developed out of Davies attending more closely to her own making process. In particular, the article will dwell on her current project, Table of Contents (2014), and trace the way in which Davies has turned towards her own history, and its representation through RePlay, to test the living potential of the archive. Through a process of reconstructing and reimagining past choreographies she is re-inscribing the archival traces through her dancers’ bodies; archival content is re-embodied, performed by finding its way back into the new work and, in turn, questioning her own choreographic choices.
Creative Articulations Process (CAP)
Authors: Bacon Jane M. , Midgelow Vida L.
Published: November 2014

This article outlines the ‘Creative Articulations Process’ (CAP), offering ways of coming into knowing in/through/about one’s own dance practice. This process, developed by the authors in the context of The Choreographic Lab, seeks to enrich creative activities through an elaboration tacit knowledge and practice as research. The article establishes the foundations of the process, briefly introducing the work of Hincks, Gendlin and Damasio, alongside others. It then goes on to take the reader through the six facets that form CAP – ‘Opening’, ‘Situating’, ‘Delving’, ‘Raising’, ‘Anatomizing’ and ‘Outwarding’. The article is written to encourage an active engagement, providing strategies and prompts for the artist/researcher.
Make it big. Do it right. Give it class: The curatorial legacy of Diana Vreeland’s exhibition of ‘Romantic and Glamorous Hollywood Design’
Authors: Idacavage Sara
Published: November 2014

Both admired and criticized, Diana Vreeland’s approaches to exhibiting fashion have left a profound impact on how curators choose to display fashion worldwide. Her ‘Romantic and Glamorous Hollywood Design’ exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art is emblematic of what makes her work so notable in the field of museology. Running from 1974 to 1975, the record-breaking show exuded her idiosyncratic way of staging fashion exhibitions that blurred the lines between traditional gallery displays and fashion magazine editorials, and continues to raise interesting questions about what is appropriate in the display of historic dress. The cultural impact of the exhibit is not based solely on its curatorial work or public reception; its true legacy is also founded on how it brought Hollywood costume into the museum setting, elevating it to the status of high art while appealing to the interests and fantasies of a diverse group of visitors. A detailed analysis of Vreeland’s curatorial idioms, including abstract mannequins, dramatic lighting and sound, helps us to conceptualize the practice of exhibiting fashion as a meaningful yet theatrical discipline that dovetails with cinematic production.
Curating Cinderella: A holiday extravaganza at Marshall Field’s
Authors: DeLong Marilyn , Casto Mary Alice , McKinney Meghan , Ramaswamy Harini , Thoreson Natasha , Min Seoha
Published: November 2014

This article explores how a department store holiday extravaganza contributed towards the dialogue between fashion, museums and popular culture and the ways in which holiday displays pushed the boundaries of costume conception and exhibition. Key components of Marshall Field’s 1991 holiday spectacle were the Cinderella gowns presented as a uniquely curated costume ‘exhibition’ highlighting imaginative designs of Zandra Rhodes. The commission of sixteen Rhodes fairy tale dresses for Marshall Field’s annual holiday display epitomizes the wonder created for the visitor. Combined with the traditions of the season, the Cinderella dresses encouraged make believe and the idea that dreams really do come true. The opportunity for the public to see the holiday designs of Zandra Rhodes was a move beyond consumerism towards theatre and artistic vision, and represented a chance for visitors to experience a fairy tale spectacle on Chicago’s State Street.
Encountering object and character: Visitor engagement with film costume in the exhibition ‘Hollywood Costume’
Authors: Tarter Sara , Bekefi Fruzsina
Published: November 2014

This study investigates how visitors perceived film costume in the Victoria and Albert Museum’s (V&A) ‘Hollywood Costume’ exhibition. The findings are based on 296 survey responses gathered during the three-month run of the exhibition and eight ‘visitor storybooks’: sets of ten captioned photographs. In the following article, we outline the objective of the exhibition – to educate visitors on the role of the costume designer – and compare it both to issues in dress curation and to the two principal modes of visitor engagement with costume that arose from the data. Despite the exhibition’s emphasis on the role of the costume within the greater system of film, we saw that visitors engaged directly with costumes as objects or works of art in their own right, valued for their physical properties and as products of a material design process. They also appreciated costumes for their function of animating character and making absent figures present. The multimedia exhibition space as well as the context of the museum itself is shown to be essential to framing these modes of engagement. The questions and conclusions drawn by this article highlight the importance of understanding the nuances of visitor engagement with garments in the museum, especially in light of the popularity of exhibitions featuring dress and continued debates in the field.
Doctor-nurse teams, incentives and behavior
Authors: Tavares Aida Isabel
Published: November 2014

Ao longo dos últimos anos, os enfermeiros têm registado ganhos de conhecimentos e é habitual que enfermeiros e médicos trabalhem juntos em equipa. Usando um modelo baseado na teoria dos contratos, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os efeitos de uma melhoria da produtividade dos enfermeiros nos incentivos pagos e no comportamento dos médicos e enfermeiros, em particular, quando o orçamento é limitado. Os resultados mostram que depois de uma melhoria da produtividade dos enfermeiros, estes passam a receber um incentivo de menor valor mas o orçamento global dos incentivos é mais elevado. Quando o orçamento dos cuidados de saúde é limitado, os resultados mostram que o tratamento dos doentes fica ao cargo dos enfermeiros, e não dos médicos, refletindo uma atitude de free-riding por estes. O contributo deste trabalho é particularmente relevante para os policy makers dos recursos humanos das unidades de cuidados primários.
The good, the not good, and the not beautiful: On the non-obligatoriness of suppression following negation
Authors: Becker Israela
Published: November 2014

The view that suppression of a concept within the scope of negation is not unconditional was originally introduced by Giora (2003, 2006; Giora and Fein 1999; Giora et al. 2007) via the
On the syntax and semantics of the past perfect participle and gerundive in early New Indo Arian Evidence from Eastern Pahari
Authors: Stroński Krzysztof
Published: November 2014

The article discusses the earliest attestations of participial tenses in early Eastern Pahari and the obligative pattern based on the gerundive. The data consist of a collection of inscriptions from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries found in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, inscriptions found in western Nepal, and early Western Pahari inscriptions found in the Chamba state of Himachal Pradesh in India. Despite the highly formulaic and repetitive language of these inscriptions, they constitute some of the earliest attestations of constructions which gave rise to contemporary ergative and obligative patterns. The two types of construction are dealt with against the background of the emerging postpositional system. The case-marking of the main arguments is analyzed and compared with other contemporary New Indo Aryan languages, and verbal forms based on the -ta participle as well as conjunctive participles that appear in the texts are investigated with regard to their control properties. The agreement patterns had already started to diverge in the earliest stages of NIA, and we can observe the transitional phase of a language in which alignment is far from stable.
The correlation between motion event encoding and path verb lexicon size in the Indo-European language family
Authors: Verkerk Annemarie
Published: November 2014

There have been opposing views on the possibility of a relationship between motion event encoding and the size of the path verb lexicon. Özçalışkan (2004) has proposed that verb-framed and satellite-framed languages should approximately have the same number of path verbs, whereas a review of some of the literature suggests that verb-framed languages typically have a bigger path verb lexicon than satelliteframed languages. In this article I demonstrate that evidence for this correlation can be found through phylogenetic comparative analysis of parallel corpus data from twenty Indo-European languages.
On the Cauchy and Cauchy–Darboux problems for semilinear wave equations
Authors: Jokhadze Otar , Kharibegashvili Sergo
Published: November 2014

The Cauchy and Cauchy–Darboux problems for semilinear wave equations in the class of continuous functions are investigated. The questions of existence, uniqueness and nonexistence of global solutions of the problems are considered. The local solvability of the problems is also discussed.
Judeans in Sippar and Susa during the First Century of the Babylonian Exile: Assimilation and Perseverance under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Rule
Authors: Bloch Yigal
Published: November 2014

The present study discusses the attestations of persons of Judean origin in Neo-Babylonian cuneiform tablets (of the period between 550 and 490 bce) as possible evidence of some aspects of the social history of the community of Judeans exiled to Babylonia by Nebuchadnezzar II. Although the number of such attestations is very small, it is nonetheless possible to single out two groups which display different patterns of personal name giving across generations. In one instance, a group of merchants in the city of Sippar (belonging mostly to a single family) uses, in part, distinctly Judean personal names in the first generation of the exile, but abandons them completely in favor of Babylonian theophoric names in the next generation. In another instance, a group of individuals active mostly in Susa and probably belonging to the families of royal officials (as suggested by names and patronymics of the type of Beamtennamen – names expressing a pious wish for the well-being of the king) displays the use of Yahwistic personal names even though the fathers of those individuals bore Babylonian theophoric names. It is suggested that the persistence of Yahwistic – hence distinctly Judean – names among royal officials or their direct offspring, even after the previous generation bore Babylonian names, reflects a considerable measure of tolerance toward ethnically foreign elements in the royal administration (the relevant examples date from the period after the establishment of the Achaemenid empire). In contrast, the progressing adoption of Babylonian names among the Judean merchants in Sippar in the first half of the sixth century bce seems likely to reflect assimilation into the native Babylonian society, fostered by the necessity to pursue commercial dealings with the Ebabbar temple of Šamaš and the social circles centered around the temple, which consisted of conservatively minded upper strata of the native Babylonian society. Editions of the cuneiform tablets discussed in the present study are provided in the Appendix.
Ex ante and ex post cost estimates of the Cluster Rule and MACT II Rule
Authors: Morgan Cynthia , Pasurka Carl , Shadbegian Ron
Published: November 2014

This paper compares EPA’s ex ante cost analysis of the Cluster Rule, EPA’s first integrated, multi-media regulation, and MACT II Rule to an ex post cost assessment. The goal of this assessment is to determine if actual costs diverged from ex ante costs and, if so, what factors caused this divergence. We find the EPA ex ante costs overestimated the ex post capital costs for the Cluster Rule by 30 to 100%. Contributing factors appear to be use of cleaner technology, flexible compliance options, site-specific rules, shutdowns and consolidations. Ex ante estimates for the MACT II Rule are found to be overestimated by 25% for capital costs and 200 or more percent for annual costs. The primary reason for the overestimate is the use of the bubble compliance strategy that required fewer paper mills to install pollution abatement equipment than anticipated by EPA.
An inverse problem for the Vlasov–Poisson system
Authors: Gölgeleyen Fikret , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we discuss an inverse problem for the Vlasov–Poisson system. We prove local uniqueness and
stability theorems by using the method in Anikonov and Amirov
[Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 272 (1983), 1292–1293] under the specular reflection boundary condition and with a prescribed outward electrical field at the boundary.
A transcervical amniotic fluid collector: a new medical device for the assessment of amniotic fluid in patients with ruptured membranes
Authors: Lee Seung Mi , Romero Roberto , Park Joong Shin , Chaemsaithong Piya , Jun Jong Kwan , Yoon Bo Hyun
Published: November 2014

Aim: To describe a new device for the transcervical collection of amniotic fluid (AF) in patients with ruptured membranes, and to compare the concentration of proteins in fluid retrieved by transabdominal amniocentesis and the transcervical AF collector.

Study design: Paired AF samples were collected in patients with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) (n=11) by transabdominal amniocentesis and with the transcervical AF collector (Yoon’s AF Collector™). Three proteins known to have high concentrations in AF [α-fetoprotein (AFP), β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG), and prolactin] were measured.

Results: (1) There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of analytes in AF obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis and by the transcervical AF collector (r=0.94, P<0.001 for AFP; r=0.96, P<0.001 for β-hCG; r=0.72, P<0.05 for prolactin); (2) Bland-Altman plots showed no evidence of heteroscedasticity between transabdominal or transcervical AF concentrations of these markers.

Conclusions: There was a strong correlation between the concentrations of proteins in AF collected by amniocentesis or with the transcervical device.
Culture, Leadership, and Activism: Translating Fink’s Taxonomy of Significant Learning into Pedagogical Practice
Authors: Jenkins Toby S.
Published: November 2014

Through the article, I share the theoretical foundations, structure, knowledge acquisition, and outcomes of a cultural leadership course. The process for course development integrates several theories and research methods into practice: L. Dee Fink’s Taxonomy of Significant Learning, Feminist Theory, Critical Race Theory, and Portraiture/Phenomenology. This course has been piloted at two universities and represents a partnership between the Student Affairs Division and the College of Humanities & Social Sciences at both institutions. This article explores the importance of culture, examines knowledge production on leadership outside of traditional academic venues, and paints a portrait of culture and leadership in the lives of college students.
Service Learning for At-Risk Student Populations: The Contextual Dynamism of Implementation
Authors: Akin Jacob T. , Vesely Randall S.
Published: November 2014

The central purpose of this article is to explore research, issues, and perspectives on the implementation of service learning programs to improve student achievement in at-risk student populations. The implementation of service learning programs takes place within multiple contexts and across several terrains. The complexities of implementing service learning are captured in a framework of “contextual dynamism” which consists of six interrelated terrains: the political, the economic, the accountability, the financial, the demographic, and the staffing. In this article, the authors explore each of the terrains, ending with recommendations for policymakers and practitioners.
When Good Intentions Go Wrong: Immunity under the Volunteer Protection Act
Authors: Groble Patricia , Brudney Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2014

The Volunteer Protection Act (VPA) was enacted in 1997 to encourage volunteerism by protecting individuals from liability for their negligent actions while volunteering. Proponents intended to provide legal safeguards for volunteers, whom they claimed were deterred from volunteering by fears of liability. Little attention has been paid to this legislation since its enactment, however. This article examines the implementation and interpretation of the VPA through the lens of case law to determine whether the act has had its intended effects for volunteers. Our analysis of all court cases in which the VPA has been cited shows that volunteers are at risk for lawsuits over a variety of actions during the course of their volunteer activities. This analysis also demonstrates that although volunteers can avail themselves of the VPA’s protection, their success in invoking this defense is mixed.
Increasing Natural Resource Rents from Farmland: A Curse or a Blessing for the Rural Poor?
Authors: Hvid Anna
Published: November 2014

The literature on the resource curse suggests that countries with large natural resource rents and weak institutions may experience rent seeking conflicts among different groups, potentially resulting in high inequality and welfare losses. While agricultural land has so far been categorized as a diffuse resource with low economic value, this categorization may no longer be appropriate, because demand for land is currently on the rise, and may continue to increase in the future. This study presents and discusses recent theoretical and empirical approaches to analyzing the effects of high-value agricultural land on rent seeking and rent distribution. Results suggest that the potential for small scale farmers to organize and obtain political power determines the extent of rent seeking and rent distribution, and that while more democratic institutions may increase the share of rents going to the farmers, they may have adverse welfare effects, because they may increase the competition for rents among groups, and hence the amount of resources spent on rent seeking.
Pros, cons and future prospects of ALA-photodiagnosis, phototherapy and pharmacology in cancer therapy – A mini review
Authors: Malik Zvi
Published: November 2014

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has achieved remarkable research accomplishments over the past 30 years, yet its application in medical oncology still awaits clear recognition as a valid alternative therapeutic modality. It is well documented that topical ALA-PDT enables the treatment of multiple skin lesions simultaneously, and provides excellent cosmetic results with no acquired multi-drug resistance (MDR). Furthermore, upon disease recurrence the treatment can be repeated resulting in the same therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, in oncological surgery, ALA fluorescence-guided resection is a practical and simple method for visualizing intra-operative brain and urological tumors with millimeter accuracy. The urgent challenge is to direct future research of ALA-phototherapy and fluorescence diagnosis to the maturation of their medical status in oncology. Therefore, the future objectives are to amplify critical evidence-based results of ALA-PDT safety and efficacy and to validate its unique advantages over other technologies. Strong statistical PDT documentation and the positive predictive values of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-guided surgery will persuade the medical community to implement ALA-based therapeutics into standard clinical and surgical oncology practice. Research must address the phenomenon that no MDR develops as a consequence of PDT, since MDR is the major stumbling block in oncological therapeutics. A feasible goal should be to improve ALA administration protocols based on recent knowledge that preactivation of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase enhances PpIX accumulation in cancer cells and photodestruction. Moreover the recent introduction of multifunctional ALA prodrugs that maximize photosensitizer biosynthesis, targeting multiple sub-cellular targets, may increase PDT anti-cancer efficacy in additional disease settings. In conclusion, well-documented clinical results, new ALA delivery protocols, and novel multifunctional ALA prodrugs may advance ALA-PDT to becoming a front-line cancer therapy.
El canto en la representación de la conquista y evangelización del Perú en La aurora en Copacabana de Calderón
Authors: Meza José Elías Gutiérrez
Published: November 2014

This article analyzes the role of the singing within La Aurora en Copacabana, a play by Pedro Calderón de la Barca. Utilizing Marc Vitse’s definitions of “formas englobadas” and “formas englobadoras”, this essay assesses the relationship amongst the pieces in singing, alternated within the play, the changes of metre, and the sound effects used. Thus it is demonstrated that the development of such parts goes along the progress of Peru’s Christianization. Towards the end of the play, the singing, initially related to indigenous idolatry, ends up being taken by the vice royal government of Peru.
Langue écrite et langue parlée1 pendant la Première Guerre mondiale : enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Roynette Odile , Siouffi Gilles , Smadja Stéphanie , Steuckardt Agnès
Published: November 2014

The First World War (1914-1918) has often been seen by historians of the French Language as a dividing line, raising the question of the coincidence between language change and historical change. One of the questions, e. g., is if the First World War was the moment when the use of dialects entered a phase of serious decline, as the soldiers sent to the front lines had to adopt French as a vehicular language. Picturesque aspects were also developed around the war by a significant amount of literary works, often published during the war itself, and tending to promote clichés and stereotypes. But what are the facts? This paper, divided in four parts, examines the different issues that can be raised around the linguistic production of this period, taking in turns the point of view of the linguist, the historian, and the literary critic. The fourth part looks more closely at the written production of the soldiers (letters, postcards). Indeed, during the war a number of individuals (soldiers and their families) had to write in French, perhaps for the first time ever, but certainly for the first time on such a scale. Is there a linguistic specificity to those written productions? Did the level of literacy evolve? This paper attempts to show that the First World War bears a fascinating potential for sociolinguistic enquiries, as some of its language material has so far remained unexploited and may reveal fruitful case studies for some of today’s most important issues in the linguistic field.
Crystallography between Kiel and St. Petersburg: review of collaboration and the crystal structure of [Tl5(SiO4)(OH)]2[Tl6(SO4)(OH)4]
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Britvin Sergey N. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Klimov Dmitry A. , Depmeier Wulf
Published: November 2014

In this contribution, we briefly review the results of collaborative research between crystallography groups in St. Petersburg and Kiel, and report on the synthesis and crystal structure of Tl16(SiO4)2(SO4)(OH)6 (1), a new and unusual compound obtained from highly-alkaline TlOH solution. Its structure [monoclinic, C2/m, a = 28.7140(18), b = 7.3686(5), c = 7.4426(5) Å, β = 104.653(2)°, V = 1523.50(17) Å3, R
1 = 0.066 for 1528 independent observed reflections] can be described as an alternation of electroneutral [Tl5(SiO4)(OH)] and [Tl3(SO4)0.5(OH)2] layers. The [Tl5(SiO4)(OH)] layer consists of Tl(1)O4 tetragonal pyramids sharing common corners with the SiO4 tetrahedra to form pseudotetragonal [Tl(SiO4)]3- layers capped by OH(1)-centered [(OH)Tl4] square pyramids with the Tl(2) and Tl(3) atoms in their apices. The [Tl3(SO4)0.5(OH)2] layers contain OH(2)- and OH(3)-centered [(OH)Tl4] square pyramids sharing common edges to form large (∼ 7.4 × 7.4 Å) cavities occupied by disordered (SO4) tetrahedra. The electroneutral character of the [Tl5(SiO4)(OH)] and [Tl6(SO4)(OH)4] layers allows us to suggest that the phases with these chemical compositions may form as independent compounds in highly alkaline Tl-bearing systems.
High-pressure crystal chemistry of coesite-I and its transition to coesite-II
Authors: Černok Ana , Bykova Elena , Ballaran Tiziana Boffa , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Hanfland Michael , Dubrovinsky Leonid
Published: November 2014

The high-pressure crystal chemistry of coesite was studied by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction in the pressure interval ∼2–34 GPa and at ambient temperature. We compressed the samples using diamond-anvil cells loaded with neon as pressure-transmitting medium and collected X-ray diffraction data using synchrotron radiation. The thermodynamically stable coesite – coesite-I – was observed up to ∼20 GPa, with the following unit-cell parameters: a = 6.6533(12) Å, b = 11.9018(10) Å, c = 6.9336(10) Å, β = 121.250(20)° and V = 469.38(15) Å3. The volume-pressure data of coesite-I are described by means of a third-order Birch-Murnhagan EoS with parameters V
0 = 547.26(66) Å3, K

T0 = 96(4) GPa,

K
′

T
o

${K'_{To}}$

= 4.1(4). Above such pressure we witness the formation of a well crystallized coesite-II, previously observed only by spectroscopic studies. The structure of the novel high-P polymorph was determined and refined at ∼28 and ∼31 GPa with final R indices of 8% and 12%, respectively. Coesite-II has P21/n symmetry and a unit cell that is “doubled” along the b-axis with respect to that of the initial coesite-I: a = 6.5591(10) Å, b = 23.2276(14) Å, c = 6.7953(9) Å, β = 121.062(19)° and V = 886.84(19) Å3 at ∼28 GPa. All Si atoms are in tetrahedral coordination. The displacive phase transition I->II is likely driven by the extreme shortening (0.05 Å or 3.2%) of the shortest and the most compressible Si1-O1 bond, related to the stiff 180° Si1-O1-Si1 angle. Under compression the linear angle bends, resulting in two independent angles, one of which, however, retains almost linear geometry (∼178°). The requirement of this angle to be close to linear likely causes further Si-O compression down to an extremely short distance of ∼1.52 Å which prompts subsequent structural changes, with the formation of a triclinic phase at ∼31 GPa, coesite-III.
Structural, Optical, Surface Morphological and Electrical Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film Synthesized by Drop Casting Technique
Authors: Vanalakar Sharadrao Anandarao , Yeo Soo Jung , Patil Pramod Shankarrao , Kim Jin Young , Kim Jin Hyeok
Published: November 2014

Quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been receiving an
excessive technological interest in the solar cell industry due to its
outstanding opto-electronics properties. This study report the
deposition of CZTS thin films on the soda lime glass substrate using
simple and cost effective drop casting route. In this route, CZTS ink
was prepared using CuCl2, SnCl2, ZnCl2,
Na2S as a precursors, and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder
with de-ionized water as a solvent. The CZTS ink was then drop-cast
onto the clean glass substrate at 110 ℃ and sintered
at 550 ℃ for 1.30 h in sulfur
vapor. Amorphous thin films of CZTS were deposited, and thermally
converted to polycrystalline, semiconducting CZTS. Films were studied
using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman
spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy
dispersive spectrometer, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. A polycrystalline
CZTS thin films were obtained with a ratio of
Zn/Sn = 1.0, S / metal = 1.07. The
films had a band gap of about 1.56 eV. The films were
p-type with a hall mobility of 32 cm2/Vs. These drop
cast CZTS thin films can be applied as the absorber layers in solar
cells. We expect that the method and idea presented in this work will
provide a new way for the construction of highly efficient
photo-absorber not only for CZTS, but also for other semiconductor
materials.
Spastic Quadriparesis Caused by Anomalous Vertebral Artery Compression of Spinal Cord at the Cervico-Medullary Junction
Authors: Betgeri Somsharan Shankerappa , Rajesh S , Adkatalwar Vijayendra , Shiva Meyyappan , Agrawal Nitesh , Ramakrishnan K G
Published: November 2014

Vascular compression of medulla or spinal cord at the cervico-medullary junction has been commonly described in the literature and is often attributed to dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar arteries. We describe a case of anomalous course of the cervical segments of the bilateral vertebral arteries which were seen entering the spinal canal directly after exiting the transverse foramen of axis and causing significant cord compression at the cervico-medullary region leading to spastic quadriparesis.