bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coaching to build commitment for generating performance improvement
Authors: Lyons Paul , Bandura Randall P.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The paper is practitioner-focused with a manager-as-coach applying experiential learning to aid an employee's learning and improve performance as well as helping to build employee commitment to both the job and organization. Reciprocity is intended as the learning and commitment of both the employee and manager are enhanced.

Design/methodology/approach

As a conceptual, not empirical, paper, the present study aimed at guiding manager behavior the methodology aims to examine the areas of manager-as-coach, efficacy of coaching, theoretical grounding of employee commitment and experiential learning processes. Study and coordination of information in these areas provided support for a detailed action plan for practical application.

Findings

It is possible to create a research results–driven practical guide/action plan for managers. The guide incorporates manager skills and commitment theory (investment) along with an experiential learning approach aimed at improving employee growth and building commitment.

Practical implications

There is clear evidence in empirical research that employee commitment positively relates to work performance, job engagement and job retention. This paper applies investment theory to build commitment as it is based on actual inputs and efforts of the employee.

Originality/value

There is very little research currently available that directly addresses manager-as-coach deliberately working to increase or build employee commitment to job, organization or the manager her/himself. This essay aims directly at how commitment may be enhanced.
Assessing the resilience of organizations in the context of uncertainty
Authors: Bartuseviciene Ilona , Rakauskiene Ona Grazhina , Valackiene Asta
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define the main dimensions/aspects of resilient organizations and propose a benchmarking model to assess an organization's resilience in the context of uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

The systematic literature review method was applied to collect and synthesize relevant scientific literature from 2001 to 2022 to construct and validate a methodological approach.

Findings

This paper proposes a conceptualization of organizational resilience as the capacity of an organization to first remain stable; then prepare, absorb and recover after a crisis; adapt to the new environment; and, finally, use the developed experience to enhance the capacity for transformation, playing an essential role for coping with uncertainty.

Research limitations/implications

Resilience is recognized as organizations’ ability to adapt to the new conditions, influenced by the crises. Moreover, it supports the recognition of the learning phase that allows for growth by constantly learning from emerging situations and gaining unique experiences. These observations allow us to suggest the twofold approach. The first distinguishes the resilience as organizations’ ability to adapt to the changing environment, that is, bounce back, while the second highlights the importance of learning capacity, that is, bounce forward.

Practical implications

The authors suggest to adopt the conceptual framework of the bounce forward phenomenon using the Resilient Organizations’ Resilience Benchmark Tool to assess organizational resilience. This would determine the overall resilience by identifying the links between bouncing back (preparing, absorbing, recovering and adapting) and bouncing forward (enhancing learning capacity).

Originality/value

Having reviewed the methodologies in the extant literature to evaluate organizational resilience and explored the similarities and differences between them, the authors concluded that the Resilient Organizations Resilience Benchmark Tool (2017) is the most appropriate three-dimensional tool because of its universality and comprehensive scope. These three dimensions consist of: leadership and culture; networks; and change readiness. This methodology assesses organizations' perspectives regarding resilience based on their ability to respond to and manage crises and their ability to bounce forward successfully.
Open government data awareness: eliciting citizens’ requirements for application design
Authors: Chokki Abiola Paterne , Simonofski Anthony , Frénay Benoît , Vanderose Benoît
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Over the past decade, governments around the world have implemented open government data (OGD) policies to make their data publicly available, with collaboration and citizen engagement being one of the main goals. However, even though a lot of data is published, only a few citizens are aware of its existence and usefulness. The purpose of this paper is to identify the requirements for an application that raises awareness of Open Government Data (OGD) to citizens.

Design/methodology/approach

This study followed a design research science approach to collect citizens’ requirements for the design of such an application through interviews with 10 citizens and evaluated through user testing with 25 citizens.

Findings

This study identified and validated 11 requirements that can be implemented to raise citizens’ awareness of OGD. The most useful are listing OGD reuses with information about data used and receiving notification when a new OGD reuse is released. Furthermore, the evaluation results provided evidence of the effectiveness of using an application to improve OGD awareness to citizens.

Originality/value

This research provides requirements that can be used by developers to implement a usable tool to raise citizen awareness or by researchers to evaluate applications whose objective is to raise citizen awareness. Finally, it provides a mobile application that can used by developers to showcase their OGD reuses or by researchers to aware citizens of OGD through real-world examples.
The gap and the bridge: Brazilian Physical Education pre‐service training for inclusion
Authors: Alves Maria Luiza Tanure , van Munster Mey A. , Alves Isabella dos Santos , de Souza Joslei Viana
Published: August 2022

Currently, the inclusion of disabled students in school still faces significant obstacles to its implementation. In Physical Education (PE) classes, these obstacles are mainly associated with failures in the pre‐service training offered in undergraduate courses. This study aimed to investigate pre‐service training on the inclusion of disabled students from the perspective of PE teachers. Four teachers, aged 27 to 32, participated in the study. The PE teachers took part in interviews, guided by open questions, which were later transcribed and analyzed using the technique of content analysis. The results section discusses the role of pre‐service training concerning the inclusion of disabled students in PE classes, and identifies the gaps in this training. The PE teachers indicated the need for a change in perspective with regard to inclusion in PE classes.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Winter Cover Crops for Controlling Agricultural Nutrient Losses
Authors: Getahun Elias , Keefer Laura L.
Published: August 2022

A nutrient loss reduction strategy is necessary to guide the efforts of improving water quality downstream of an agricultural watershed. In this study, the effectiveness of two winter cover crops, namely cereal rye and annual ryegrass, is explored as a loss reduction strategy in a watershed that ultimately drains into a water supply reservoir. Using a coupled optimization‐watershed model, optimal placements of the cover crops were identified that would result in the tradeoffs between nitrate‐N losses reduction and adoption levels. Analysis of the 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% adoption levels extracted from the optimal tradeoffs showed that the cover crop placements would provide annual nitrate‐N loss reductions of 3.0%–3.7%, 7.8%–8.8%, 15%–17.5%, and 20.9%–24.3%, respectively. In addition, for the same adoption levels (i.e., 10%–75%), sediment (1.8%–17.7%), and total phosphorus losses (0.8%–8.6%) could be achieved. Results also indicate that implementing each cover crop on all croplands of the watershed could cause annual water yield reduction of at least 4.8%, with greater than 28% in the months of October and November. This could potentially be detrimental to the storage volume of the downstream reservoir, especially in drought years, if cover crops are adopted in most of the reservoir's drainage area. Evaluating water yield impacts, particularly in periods of low flows, is thus critical if cover crops are to be considered as best management practices in water supply watersheds.
Adaptive cellular response of the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons upon age‐dependent iron accumulation
Authors: Kwon Kujin , Cho Hwapyeong , Lee Soyeon , Cho Eun Jeong , Yu Weonjin , Kok Catherine Yen Li , Je Hyunsoo Shawn , Kim Jae‐Ick , Cho Hyung Joon , Kwon Taejoon
Published: August 2022

Progressive iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in the aged human brain is a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Heavy metals, such as iron, produce reactive oxygen species and consequently oxidative stress in cells. It is unclear, however, how neurons in the substantia nigra are protected against the age‐related, excessive accumulation of iron. In this study, we examined the cellular response of the substantia nigra against age‐related iron accumulation in rats of different ages. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of iron in 6‐month‐old rats; in 15‐month‐old rats, iron accumulation significantly increased, particularly in the midbrain. Transcriptome analysis of the region, in which iron deposition was observed, revealed an increase in stress response genes in older animals. To identify the genes related to the cellular response to iron, independent of neurodevelopment, we exposed the neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y to a similar quantity of iron and then analyzed their transcriptomic responses. Among various stress response pathways altered by iron overloading in the rat brain and SH‐SY5Y cells, the genes associated with topologically incorrect protein responses were significantly upregulated. Knockdown of HERPUD1 and CLU in this pathway increased susceptibility to iron‐induced cellular stress, thus demonstrating their roles in preventing iron overload‐induced toxicity. The current study details the neuronal response to excessive iron accumulation, which is associated with age‐related neurodegenerative diseases.
Bayesian Regression Analysis of Skewed Tensor Responses
Authors: Lee Inkoo , Sinha Debajyoti , Mai Qing , Zhang Xin , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: August 2022

Tensor regression analysis is finding vast emerging applications in a variety of clinical settings, including neuroimaging, genomics, and dental medicine. The motivation for this paper is a study of periodontal disease (PD) with an order-3 tensor response: multiple biomarkers measured at prespecified tooth–sites within each tooth, for each participant. A careful investigation would reveal considerable skewness in the responses, in addition to response missingness. To mitigate the shortcomings of existing analysis tools, we propose a new Bayesian tensor response regression method that facilitates interpretation of covariate effects on both marginal and joint distributions of highly skewed tensor responses, and accommodates missing-at-random responses under a closure property of our tensor model. Furthermore, we present a prudent evaluation of the overall covariate effects while identifying their possible variations on only a sparse subset of the tensor components. Our method promises Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) tools that are readily implementable. We illustrate substantial advantages of our proposal over existing methods via simulation studies and application to a real data set derived from a clinical study of PD. The R package BSTN available in GitHub implements our model.
Transcriptional signature of TP53 biallelic inactivation identifies a group of multiple myeloma patients without this genetic condition but with dismal outcome
Authors: De Ramón Cristina , Rojas Elizabeta A. , Cardona‐Benavides Ignacio J. , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Corchete Luis A. , Gutiérrez Norma C.
Published: August 2022

Biallelic inactivation of TP53 has been included in the definition of double‐hit (DH) multiple myeloma (MM), which entails an ominous prognosis. However, this condition, or even the presence of high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities, cannot accurately capture the 15%–20% of the MM population with a median overall survival below 24 months. This prompted us to look for other MM patients who might have transcriptional characteristics similar to those with DH‐TP53. In the present study, we analysed RNA‐seq, whole‐genome and whole‐exome sequencing data from 660 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients from the MMRF (Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation) CoMMpass study to characterize the transcriptional signature of TP53 double‐hit (DH‐TP53) MM. We found 78 genes that were exclusively deregulated in DH‐TP53 patients. A score based on these genes identified a group of 50 patients who shared the same transcriptional profile (DH‐TP53‐like group) whose prognosis was particularly unfavourable [median overall survival (OS) < 2 years], despite not harbouring the biallelic inactivation of TP53. The prognostic value of the DH‐TP53 score was externally validated using gene expression data from 850 NDMM patients analysed by microarrays. Furthermore, our DH‐TP53 score refined the traditional prognostic stratification of MM patients according to the cytogenetic abnormalities and International Staging System (ISS).
Preventing anxiety in the children of anxious parents – feasibility of a brief, online, group intervention for parents of one‐ to three‐year‐olds
Authors: Palmer Emily , Woolgar Matt , Carter Ben , Cartwright‐Hatton Sam , Challacombe Fiona L.
Published: August 2022

Background

The evidence suggests an increased risk of developing anxiety problems in children of anxious parents. The current study explored the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention with anxious parents of young children, to inform the possibility of further trials.

Methods

Participants were recruited through primary and secondary care psychological services and social media. Participants who had a current or recent anxiety disorder and a child aged 12–47 months were included. Assessments of parental and child outcomes occurred at baseline, after the intervention (week‐2) and follow‐up (week‐8). The intervention was delivered in a small group format, in two sessions, one week apart, using videoconferencing.

Results

Out of 32 participants, 30 (94%) attended the full intervention. All found the intervention acceptable and reported it as useful and relevant. There was a reduction in parental depression (MD = 2.63, 95%CI 1.01–4.26), anxiety (MD = 3.93, 95%CI 2.49–5.37) and stress (MD = 4.60, 95% CI 3.02–6.18) and increases in parenting confidence.

Conclusions

The online group intervention was feasible and acceptable. There were moderate to large effects on parental mental health and no adverse effects on children (decline on outcome measures). This indicates that intervening early in parenting with anxious parents is possible and warrants further investigation to establish prevention efficacy with a larger, controlled trial.
Unpacking the challenges of wildlife governance in community‐based conservation programs to promote human–wildlife coexistence
Authors: Kansky Ruth
Published: August 2022

One of the numerous global challenges today is how to promote biodiversity persistence and at the same time reduce poverty and improve livelihoods, especially in multiple‐use landscapes shared by people and wildlife. In such landscapes, where the cost of sharing the landscape with large wildlife can be high, Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) program is a model promoted to offset negative wildlife impacts. However, such programs, that promote sustainable utilization of wildlife, are not always successful. To better understand how CBNRM governance systems enable or hinder human–wildlife coexistence, I implemented an 11‐weeks participatory co‐learning program in conservancies in the Zambezi region of Namibia. Framing human–wildlife relationships as occurring within complex social–ecological systems, participatory dialogues were used to unpack the system to better understand why human–wildlife conflict remains a challenge after 30 years of CBNRM in Namibia. From listening to communities I identified five key areas requiring improvement: (1) inefficient communication and transfer of information between management and community; (2) lack of policy and process clarity; (3) lack of support, knowledge, resources, and implementation of mitigation measures; (4) lack of accountability by both management and conservancy members; and (5) lack of skills and capacity by both management and conservancy members. To address these problem areas, I propose three key priority actions: (1) harmonize conservancy policies and management practices; (2) improve information flow; and (3) implement an adaptive management mitigation measure program. While this study focused on a small part of Namibia, I expect this methodology and many of the key findings and proposed interventions will be relevant for other areas applying collaborative approaches to improve human–wildlife coexistence.
Azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome manifesting as subcutaneous Sweet syndrome and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Thomas Jacob L. , Tee Michael W. , Harp Joanna , Magro Cynthia
Published: August 2022

Azathioprine (AZA) is a commonly used immunosuppressive therapy that has been implicated in a number of cutaneous and systemic inflammatory reactions. Initiation of AZA has been associated with a hypersensitivity syndrome manifesting as acute pancreatitis and Sweet syndrome. Subcutaneous Sweet syndrome is a rare variant of Sweet syndrome where the dominant localization of inflammation is within the subcutaneous fat; it is commonly associated with underlying myeloproliferative disease. However, it has not been reported in the literature as a cutaneous manifestation of AZA hypersensitivity syndrome. We present a unique case of acute pancreatitis and biopsy‐proven subcutaneous Sweet syndrome following the initiation of AZA with resolution upon discontinuation.
Compound‐heterozygous GRIN2A null variants associated with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Strehlow Vincent , Rieubland Claudine , Gallati Sabina , Kim Sukhan , Myers Scott J. , Peterson Vincent , Ramsey Amy J. , Teuscher Daniel D. , Traynelis Stephen F. , Lemke Johannes R.
Published: August 2022

We report on an 8‐year‐old girl with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to the compound heterozygous null variants p.(Gln661*) and p.(Leu830Profs*2) in GRIN2A resulting in a knockout of the human GluN2A subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor. Both parents had less severe GRIN2A‐related phenotypes and were heterozygous carriers of the respective null variant. Functional investigations of both variants suggested a loss‐of‐function effect. This is the first description of an autosomal recessive, biallelic type of GRIN2A‐related disorder. Nonetheless, there are marked parallels to two previously published families with severe epileptic encephalopathy due to homozygous null variants in GRIN1 as well as various knockout animal models. Compared to heterozygous null variants, biallelic knockout of either GluN1 or GluN2A is associated with markedly more severe phenotypes in both humans and mice. Furthermore, recent findings enable a potential precision medicine approach targeting GRIN‐related disorders due to null variants.
Lacosamide effects on placental carriers of essential compounds in comparison with valproate: Studies in perfused human placentas
Authors: Berman Erez , Kohn Elkana , Berkovitch Matitiahu , Kovo Michal , Eyal Sara
Published: August 2022

Objective

Lacosamide is increasingly being prescribed to pregnant women, although its effects on the developing fetus have not been fully clarified yet. Previously, we have shown that several antiseizure medications, particularly valproate, can affect the expression of carriers of essential compounds in placental cells. Here, our aim was to assess the effect of short ex vivo exposure of human placentas to lacosamide on the expression of carriers of essential nutrients required by the human fetus.

Methods

Placentas were obtained from cesarean deliveries of women with no known epilepsy. Cotyledons were cannulated and perfused over 180 min in the presence of lacosamide at 2.5 μg/ml (10 μmol·L−1, n = 7) or 10 μg/ml (40 μmol·L−1, n = 6), representing low and high therapeutic concentrations, respectively, in the maternal perfusate. Valproate (83 μg/ml, 500 μmol·L−1, n = 6) and the perfusion solution (n = 6) were used as the respective positive and negative controls. A customized gene panel array was used to analyze the expression of carrier genes in the perfused cotyledons.

Results

Following a 3‐h perfusion, the mRNA expression of SLC19A1 (encoding the reduced folate carrier 1) was downregulated in placentas treated with 10 μg/ml lacosamide (50%) as compared with the vehicle (p < .05). Across all groups, a significant difference was observed in the expression of SLC19A3 (thiamine transporter 2; 52%, 20%, and 9% decrease by 10 μg/ml lacosamide, 83 μg/ml valproate, and 2.5 μg/ml lacosamide, respectively; p < .05).

Significance

Lacosamide at high therapeutic concentrations exerted pharmacological effects on the human placenta. Our findings, if manifested in vivo, suggest that lacosamide could potentially affect folate supply to the fetus and support therapeutic monitoring and careful adjustment of lacosamide plasma concentrations during pregnancy.
Chromosomal assembly of the flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) genome as a new genetic resource for aquaculture
Authors: Boutet Isabelle , Alves Monteiro Homère J. , Baudry Lyam , Takeuchi Takeshi , Bonnivard Eric , Billoud Bernard , Farhat Sarah , Gonzales‐Araya Ricardo , Salaun Benoit , Andersen Ann C. , Toullec Jean‐Yves , Lallier François H. , Flot Jean‐François , Guiglielmoni Nadège , Guo Ximing , Li Cui , Allam Bassem , Pales‐Espinosa Emmanuelle , Hemmer‐Hansen Jakob , Moreau Pierrick , Marbouty Martial , Koszul Romain , Tanguy Arnaud
Published: August 2022

The European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) is a native bivalve of the European coasts. Harvest of this species has declined during the last decades because of the appearance of two parasites that have led to the collapse of the stocks and the loss of the natural oyster beds. O. edulis has been the subject of numerous studies in population genetics and on the detection of the parasites Bonamia ostreae and Marteilia refringens. These studies investigated immune responses to these parasites at the molecular and cellular levels. Several genetic improvement programs have been initiated especially for parasite resistance. Within the framework of a European project (PERLE 2) that aims to produce genetic lines of O. edulis with hardiness traits (growth, survival, resistance) for the purpose of repopulating natural oyster beds in Brittany and reviving the culture of this species in the foreshore, obtaining a reference genome becomes essential as done recently in many bivalve species of aquaculture interest. Here, we present a chromosome‐level genome assembly and annotation for the European flat oyster, generated by combining PacBio, Illumina, 10X linked, and Hi‐C sequencing. The finished assembly is 887.2 Mb with a scaffold‐N50 of 97.1 Mb scaffolded on the expected 10 pseudochromosomes. Annotation of the genome revealed the presence of 35,962 protein‐coding genes. We analyzed in detail the transposable element (TE) diversity in the flat oyster genome, highlighted some specificities in tRNA and miRNA composition, and provided the first insight into the molecular response of O. edulis to M. refringens. This genome provides a reference for genomic studies on O. edulis to better understand its basic physiology and as a useful resource for genetic breeding in support of aquaculture and natural reef restoration.
Direct and indirect influences of macrophyte cover on abundance and growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon
Authors: Marsh Jessica E. , Jones John Iwan , Lauridsen Rasmus B. , Grace James B. , Kratina Pavel
Published: August 2022

The relationships between macrophytes and the physical and biological characteristics of the environments that aquatic organisms inhabit are complex. Previous studies have shown that the macrophytes, Ranunculus (subgenus Batrachium), which are dominant in lowland chalk streams and widespread across Europe, can enhance juvenile Atlantic salmon abundance and growth to a greater degree than other physical and biological habitat characteristics. However, mechanistic understanding of how this effect might arise requires consideration of the direct and indirect relationships among habitat characteristics that are likely to be influenced by the presence of macrophyte cover.

We applied structural equation modelling to data collected during a 2‐year in‐river manipulative experiment in the River Frome (southern England, U.K.) designed to quantify the magnitude and the relative importance of direct and indirect influences of Ranunculus cover and other physical and biological variables, including water velocity, water depth, prey biomass and body size, and abundance of con‐ and hetero‐specifics, on abundance and somatic growth of 0+ salmon.

Results indicated a strongly positive direct influence of Ranunculus cover on salmon abundance, as well as positive influences of Ranunculus on velocity heterogeneity and water depth that are indirectly related to decreased salmon abundance. Interestingly, there was no indication of a direct influence of Ranunculus cover on salmon growth, although Ranunculus was indirectly related to increased salmon growth through its positive influence on prey biomass, an effect mediated by velocity heterogeneity and proportion of fast velocities.

These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the key role of Ranunculus in their native lowland rivers to enhance abundance and improve conditions for multiple food web components. Strategies to maintain or enhance naturally occurring Ranunculus in these rivers are therefore likely to return wide ranging ecosystem benefits, including for species of high conservation value, such as salmon. These mechanistic impacts on habitat heterogeneity and ecosystem productivity could generalise to native macrophytes in other river systems, particularly where habitat is dominated by vegetation in the absence of large substrates.
The relevance and impact of business schools: In search of a holistic view
Authors: Redgrave Samuel Douglas James , Grinevich Vadim , Chao Dorrie
Published: August 2022

The degree to which business schools are relevant and impactful for society has been disputed. Critics that engage in the so‐called ‘relevance problem’ have argued that business schools are preoccupied with academic rigour at the expense of practical relevance, resulting in a lack of societal impact. This systematic literature review synthesizes the fragmented body of knowledge pertaining to the relevance and impact of business schools. Appreciating the contributions of both research and education, this review offers a holistic view that acknowledges the multidimensional nature of business schools. Based on an analysis of 266 journal articles, we present the four main literature streams in this domain. We find limited evidence of cross‐fertilisation between discussions of research and education. However, by acknowledging the contribution of applying a multidimensional lens to the study of business schools, we develop a holistic thematic framework that provides theoretical directions for the future. Using this, we demonstrate four avenues for advancing the business school literature. First, we emphasise the potential of an institutional logics perspective to viewing business schools. Second, we offer a novel proposal for understanding the bridge between research and education. Third, we emphasise the application of a value co‐creation theoretical lens when considering how business schools engage with stakeholders in research and education. Finally, we propose an all‐encompassing stakeholder‐centric definition of relevant and impactful knowledge and advocate for this inclusive definition to conceptually bridge the fragmented discussions of research and education.
Detection, characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica in different types of wastewater in the Czech Republic
Authors: Roulová Nikola , Moťková Petra , Brožková Iveta , Brzezinska Maria Swiontek , Pejchalová Marcela
Published: August 2022

Aims

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in different types of wastewater and to characterize the isolates by biotyping, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In addition, cultivation protocols were evaluated.

Methods and Results

The occurrence of Y. enterocolitica was determined in treated and untreated municipal wastewater, as well as in hospital, slaughterhouse, and cowshed wastewater. Y. enterocolitica was detected in 84.1% of the wastewater samples, while the main sources were untreated municipal and slaughterhouse wastewater. In contrast, the lowest incidence was found in hospital wastewater. An exclusive occurrence of biotype 1A (98.3%) was detected. Pathogenic bio-serotypes 4/O:3 and 3/O:3 were isolated only from slaughterhouse wastewater. The highest resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (92.5%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (36.8%).

Conclusions

Y. enterocolitica was commonly detected in wastewater, although the prevalence varied depending on the origin of the wastewater. No single cultivation protocol was able to recover Y. enterocolitica isolates from such a complex matrix as wastewater.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Our study provided data that can contribute to the evaluation of wastewater as a source of Y. enterocolitica and to understanding the threat of wastewater isolates to human health.
The barriers and facilitators to managing diabetes with insulin in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systemised review of the literature
Authors: Beresford Cathy J. , Kozlowska Olga
Published: August 2022

Background

People with intellectual disabilities are more likely to have diabetes and develop complications from it. Diabetes management is complex and insulin treatment in particular, people with intellectual disabilities may require additional support that is not always available. This review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to managing diabetes with insulin in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Method

Patient and public involvement (PPI) was integral to the development of the research question. A systemised review was conducted across CINAHL, the British Nursing Index and MEDLINE. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Narrative synthesis of the evidence was undertaken.

Results

Barriers and facilitators to managing diabetes with insulin in people with intellectual disabilities were identified related to the individual, other people participating in their care, and broader environmental and social factors.

Conclusions

People with intellectual disabilities who use insulin, require reasonable adjustments to education, support, and a person‐centred approach to facilitate supported self‐management. More training for their supporters is needed and further inclusive research with PPI is recommended.
Evaluation of plasma‐activated water characteristics and its process optimization
Authors: Perinban Sellam , Orsat Valérie , Gariepy Yvan , Lyew Darwin , Raghavan Vijaya
Published: August 2022

Plasma‐activated water (PAW) is an emerging technology for the disinfection of foods and it is also widely evaluated for its applications in medicine. The long‐lived reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and ozone are mainly responsible for the disinfecting properties of Ar/O2 PAW. In this study, PAW characteristics were evaluated with respect to the process conditions and the post‐treatment time to understand the effect of process conditions and the time stability of PAW. PAW was generated using a continuous flow dielectric barrier discharge Ar/O2 atmospheric pressure plasma system at different PAW treatment times. PAW properties were evaluated based on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, ozone, pH, and the disinfection of Escherichia coli. From the time stability analysis, it was found that the hydrogen peroxide was more stable than ozone in PAW when stored at room temperature for 2 days. The E. coli inactivation was mainly attributed to the H2O2 and ozone concentration than pH. The optimum process condition was found as 104 ml/min water flow rate, 20‐min treatment time and 4 slm gas flow rate for maximum reactive species concentration in PAW.

Practical Applications

There is a need for non‐chemical disinfection method of fresh fruits and vegetables, as the present chemical‐based disinfection methods are inefficient in controlling food‐borne outbreaks and the residual toxicity of these chemicals. Plasma‐activated water (PAW) is an emerging technology, which has the potential in disinfecting microorganisms. The aim of the work was to analyze the disinfection properties and the time stability of PAW. It is evident from the results that PAW is effective in disinfecting Escherichia coli and its reactive species degrade with time. This will facilitate the application of PAW as a disinfectant for fresh fruits and vegetables without any residual toxicity to the food and the environment. Further, from the optimization studies, understanding of the influence of process parameters on the PAW characteristics was derived which will be helpful to scale‐up of this technology.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Frostegård Johan
Published: August 2022

The prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved due to better treatment and care, but cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains an important clinical problem, since the risk of CVD in SLE is much higher than among controls. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of CVD in the general population, and in SLE, increased atherosclerosis, especially the prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques, has been demonstrated. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition, where immunity plays an important role. Interestingly, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein, defective clearance of dead cells, and inflammation, with a pro‐inflammatory T‐cell profile are characteristics of both atherosclerosis and SLE. In addition to atherosclerosis as an underlying cause of CVD in SLE, there are also other non–mutually exclusive mechanisms, and the most important of these are antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) leading to the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with both arterial and venous thrombosis. aPL can cause direct pro‐inflammatory and prothrombotic effects on endothelial and other cells and also interfere with the coagulation, for example, by inhibiting annexin A5 from its antithrombotic and protective effects. Antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti‐PC) and other small lipid‐related epitopes, sometimes called natural antibodies, are negatively associated with CVD and atherosclerosis in SLE. Taken together, a combination of traditional risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, and nontraditional ones, especially aPL, inflammation, and low anti‐PC are implicated in the increased risk of CVD in SLE. Close monitoring of both traditional risk factors and nontraditional ones, including treatment of disease manifestations, not lest renal disease in SLE, is warranted.
Capital taxation with parental incentives
Authors: Saito Yuta , Takeda Yosuke
Published: August 2022

This paper studies capital taxation in an overlapping generation model where parents regard their children as impatient. The intergenerational time‐preference heterogeneity leads parents to engage in parental monetary transfers designed to encourage their children's asset accumulation (i.e., parental transfers which amount are contingent on the children's savings). In this setup, the utilitarian government's time preference is higher than that of the child generation but lower than that of the parent generation. Hence, from the government's perspective, the strategic parental transfers give too many incentives to accumulate assets. As a result, the government imposes a positive marginal tax on assets to disincentivize the younger generation's saving motives. By contrast, if parents do not have paternalistic preferences and do not make strategic parental transfers, the government imposes a zero marginal tax on assets.
Environmental taxation, information precision, and information sharing
Authors: Elnaboulsi Jihad C. , Daher Wassim , Sağlam Yiğit
Published: August 2022

We analyze how environmental taxes should be optimally levied in a sequential game in which regulators and firms face costs uncertainties. First, the regulator chooses the intensity of emissions taxes to reduce externalities. Then, facing common and private information with noisy signals, firms compete in the marketplace and choose outputs. We show that, under nonuniform quality of signals across firms, the regulator may calibrate differentiated tax policy. We also show that the social impact of more precise private signals hinges largely and fundamentally on the value of the ratio of the slopes of the marginal damage and the marginal consumer surplus. Finally, we investigate information sharing between polluters and its impacts on welfare. We stress that, when there are threats of severe environmental damages under deep uncertainties, collusion is welfare reducing and may jeopardize the regulatory process. Regulators need to set an appropriate precautionary policy. Numerical simulations illustrate the results that the model delivers.
Externalities, entry bias, and optimal subsidy policy for cleaner environment
Authors: Pal Rupayan , Scrimitore Marcella , Song Ruichao
Published: August 2022

This paper analyses alternative subsidy schemes and long‐run entry bias in a new industry that creates positive environmental externalities (both generation externalities and externalities associated with interindustry technology spillovers). It demonstrates that per‐unit subsidy scheme, despite attracting fewer firms, results in higher industry output and economic surplus in the equilibrium compared with the expenditure equivalent lump‐sum subsidy scheme. However, the later leads to higher total surplus, unless spillover externalities are sufficiently small. Further, the free‐entry equilibrium number of firms may be excessive or insufficient. A key finding of this paper is that the first‐best equilibrium outcome can be implemented through a unique combination of per‐unit subsidy and lump‐sum subsidy/tax, which involves positive government expenditure in the presence of positive externalities.
Evidence of an additional centre of apple domestication in Iran, with contributions from the Caucasian crab apple Malus orientalis Uglitzk. to the cultivated apple gene pool
Authors: Bina Hamid , Yousefzadeh Hamed , Venon Anthony , Remoué Carine , Rousselet Agnès , Falque Matthieu , Faramarzi Shadab , Chen Xilong , Samanchina Jarkyn , Gill David , Kabaeva Akylai , Giraud Tatiana , Hosseinpour Batool , Abdollahi Hamid , Gabrielyan Ivan , Nersesyan Anush , Cornille Amandine
Published: August 2022

Divergence processes in crop‐wild fruit tree complexes in pivotal regions for plant domestication such as the Caucasus and Iran remain little studied. We investigated anthropogenic and natural divergence processes in apples in these regions using 26 microsatellite markers amplified in 550 wild and cultivated samples. We found two genetically distinct cultivated populations in Iran that are differentiated from Malus domestica, the standard cultivated apple worldwide. Coalescent‐based inferences showed that these two cultivated populations originated from specific domestication events of Malus orientalis in Iran. We found evidence of substantial wild‐crop and crop–crop gene flow in the Caucasus and Iran, as has been described in apple in Europe. In addition, we identified seven genetically differentiated populations of wild apple (M. orientalis), not introgressed by the cultivated apple. Niche modelling combined with genetic diversity estimates indicated that these wild populations likely resulted from range changes during past glaciations. This study identifies Iran as a key region in the domestication of apple and M. orientalis as an additional contributor to the cultivated apple gene pool. Domestication of the apple tree therefore involved multiple origins of domestication in different geographic locations and substantial crop‐wild hybridization, as found in other fruit trees. This study also highlights the impact of climate change on the natural divergence of a wild fruit tree and provides a starting point for apple conservation and breeding programmes in the Caucasus and Iran.
The many spaces of psychological safety in health professions education
Authors: Roze des Ordons Amanda L. , Ellaway Rachel H. , Eppich Walter
Published: August 2022

Addressing the gap between the ideal of psychological safety and health professions education learners’ lived experiences, the authors explore how safe, brave, accountable, trauma‐informed and conceptual spaces might intersect with psychological safety.
The DASH model: Data for addressing social determinants of health in local health departments
Authors: Petrovskis Anna , Bekemeier Betty , Heitkemper Elizabeth , van Draanen Jenna
Published: August 2022

Recent frameworks, models, and reports highlight the critical need to address social determinants of health for achieving health equity in the United States and around the globe. In the United States, data play an important role in better understanding community‐level and population‐level disparities particularly for local health departments. However, data‐driven decision‐making—the use of data for public health activities such as program implementation, policy development, and resource allocation—is often presented theoretically or through case studies in the literature. We sought to develop a preliminary model that identifies the factors that contribute to data‐driven decision‐making in US local health departments and describe relationships between them. Guided by implementation science literature, we examined organizational‐level capacity and individual‐level factors contributing to using data for decision‐making related to social determinants of health and the reduction of county‐level disparities. This model has the potential to improve implementation of public health interventions and programs aimed at upstream structural factors, by elucidating the factors critical to incorporating data in decision‐making.
Influence of the palatal plane cant and skeletal patterns in the hard palate thickness?
Authors: Tavares Alana , Braga Emanuel , Neves Frederico Sampaio
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thickness of the hard palate at the different angles formed by the palatal plane and the Frankfort horizontal line using computed tomography in patients with different facial patterns for planning the installation of MARPE.

Materials and methods

The measurements were analysed in the hard palate of 106 patients. Four regions were selected passing through the mesial face, tangent at the level of the cemento‐enamel junction of the premolars and molars. The bone thickness was measured from the floor of the nasal cavity to the cortical bone of the hard palate, 02 measurements with a distance of 05 mm between them (2.5 mm on each side starting from the midsagittal line) and 2 more with a distance of 7 mm between measurements (3.5 mm on each side starting from the midsagittal line). The palatal plane cant was determined based on the palatal plane and the Frankfort horizontal plane. The sagittal skeletal pattern was determined based on the ANB angle and the vertical skeletal pattern based on the SN.Go.Gn angle.

Results

Palatal bone thickness was greater in males than in females. Regarding the sagittal skeletal pattern, patients with Class II were found to have a thinner hard palate than Class I and Class III patients. No difference in the vertical skeletal pattern was observed between groups. Regarding the palatal plane cant, bone thickness was greater in patients with clockwise rotation.

Conclusions

Careful planning should be considered in the case of female patients; patients with greater angles of the palatal plane cant and Class II patients have a smaller bone thickness.
Age‐related normal limits for spatial vision
Authors: Keuken Arjan , Subramanian Ahalya , Mueller‐Schotte Sigrid , Barbur John L.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To establish age‐related, normal limits of monocular and binocular spatial vision under photopic and mesopic conditions.

Methods

Photopic and mesopic visual acuity (VA) and contrast thresholds (CTs) were measured with both positive and negative contrast optotypes under binocular and monocular viewing conditions using the Acuity‐Plus (AP) test. The experiments were carried out on participants (age range from 10 to 86 years), who met pre‐established, normal sight criteria. Mean and ± 2.5σ limits were calculated within each 5‐year subgroup. A biologically meaningful model was then fitted to predict mean values and upper and lower threshold limits for VA and CT as a function of age. The best‐fit model parameters describe normal aging of spatial vision for each of the 16 experimental conditions investigated.

Results

Out of the 382 participants recruited for this study, 285 participants passed the selection criteria for normal aging. Log transforms were applied to ensure approximate normal distributions. Outliers were also removed for each of the 16 stimulus conditions investigated based on the ±2.5σ limit criterion. VA, CTs and the overall variability were found to be age‐invariant up to ~50 years in the photopic condition. A lower, age‐invariant limit of ~30 years was more appropriate for the mesopic range with a gradual, but accelerating increase in both mean thresholds and intersubject variability above this age. Binocular thresholds were smaller and much less variable when compared to the thresholds measured in either eye. Results with negative contrast optotypes were significantly better than the corresponding results measured with positive contrast (p < 0.004).

Conclusions

This project has established the expected age limits of spatial vision for monocular and binocular viewing under photopic and high mesopic lighting with both positive and negative contrast optotypes using a single test, which can be implemented either in the clinic or in an occupational setting.
Great Power Competition in Non‐sovereign Entities: US–China Tug‐of‐War over Hong Kong, 1950–2020
Authors: Fong Brian C. H.
Published: August 2022

The theory of offensive realism postulates that when a potential hegemon and an existing hegemon clash, their intense security competition will span all corners of the globe. This study advances the literature by investigating the impact of great power on non‐sovereign entities, using Hong Kong as a case study. Drawing on archival and published data, this study examines the geopolitical status of Hong Kong as a function of the changing US–China great power relations. The findings of this study demonstrate that as a consequence of the changing US–China relations, Hong Kong has been transformed from a geopolitical buffer zone in the 1950s and 1960s (US–China restrained competition) and the 1970s through the 2000s (US–China rapprochement) into a geopolitical hot spot since the 2010s (US–China intense competition). This study contributes to the literature by fostering dialogues between great power studies and the non‐sovereignty literature.