bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Memory and Heritage: The issue of City Heritage in the Reconstruction of the Centre of Baku
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland,, Aliyev Tural , Laure Lepage Anne , Huseynov Emir ,   University of Geneva, Switzerland and Urban planner in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland,,   The Society of Urbanists of Azerbaijan.
Published: January 2023

Urban spaces are public spaces where the society carries out commercial and economic activities, maintains social In a context of globalized urban production, it is common to notice a dissociation between urban memory and urban project; some city districts are transformed into a space-museum, an enclave out of time, while others are destroyed and “Dubaised” allowing the rise to interchangeable places around the world. The city itself consists of material and immaterial elements and the second ones includes what it is called urban memory. Memory can be defined by individuals as the property of retaining and restoring information from the past. Each individual develops his own memory of the city, corresponding to the experiences with the places and depending on its social and historical context. Memory is, by definition, transmitted and therefore it's the transmission of various expressions from the city that allow a person to appropriate the urban heritage. The appropriation of urban heritage is important in the context of the preservation of city assets. This study examines the complexity of the urban memory of human individuals and the difficulty to grasp its sense for decision makers who are engaged in urban policy. Based on the case of Baku city, the results from this study propose to draw attention to the awareness of the consequences of the misunderstanding of urban memory.
NEW PUBLICITY; CASE STAVROS NIARCHOS CULTURAL CENTER
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey, ELDEK GÜNER HIKMET
Published: January 2023

The Stavros Niarchos Cultural Center, which opened in Athens in 2016, defines a completely new approach to publicity through its design, application, investor viewpoint, and public uses. The Stavros Niarchos Cultural Center also has a 24/7 library with views of the opera halls that are used at specific times of the year, along with a full roof that is used as a park in all weather conditions. This study aims to make a spatial analysis of this project, which overlaps publicity with design.
A.I.’s vısıon of future cıtıes
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye, YILDIRIM Erdem
Published: January 2023

Not only has artificial intelligence become ingrained in our everyday lives, but it has also been put to beneficial use in a wide variety of scholarly fields. Over the course of the past few decades, artificial intelligence has developed into an essential component of the optimization strategies utilized in the urban planning and design field. With the diversification and development of algorithms, although artificial intelligence has not yet begun to visually shape our cities, it has begun to be utilized as a design and planning derivative from urban design to planning scale, particularly in the context of smart cities. On the other hand, thanks to advancements in areas of machine learning, neural networks, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, artificial intelligence can now generate authentic images based on texts that are provided. In this study, the perspectives of future cities obtained by text-to-image generation algorithms are analyzed. The visuals obtained with the open-source Stable Diffusion artificial intelligence's predictions about the future are presented in conjunction with numerous AI related contemporary design terms; smart city, sustainability, eco-design, biomimicry, and topology optimization. At each stage of history, the image of the cities of the future first appeared in literature and art before becoming a reality. Synthesizing contemporary works of art and literature in the millions of images that make up artificial intelligence's libraries today can inspire designers to construct our future.
Integrated 3D Building Model and Thermography Analysis to NTD Virtual Reality
Authors:   Chaoyang University of Technology, Wu Shengmin ,   Chaoyang University of Technology, Hung Chia-Chien
Published: January 2023

A thermal infrared camera can be used to restore the 3D model such that the restored model contains the surface temperature information. The surface temperature information can be employed to identify the defects illustrated in the model. However, the 3D model is limited to the resolutions of the thermal infrared camera. Furthermore, the surface temperature information is supposed to be analyzed by employing image processing techniques to develop the temperature boundaries for defect detection. The study proposes to restore a 3D model by employing a series of photos collected by a drone. In doing so, a 3D model with high accuracy can be built. Then, the surface temperature information can be recorded with a thermal infrared camera which can provide thermal infrared images with high resolutions. Then, image segmentation is applied to the recorded thermographs by introducing the level set functions in an iteration scheme. The initial level set functions will change their locations and shapes during the iteration scheme till the convergence can be reached. Eventually, the thermal infrared images are segmented, and the surface temperature boundaries can be located. The restored 3D model from the drone and the segmented results are integrated by attaching the segmented results to the 3D model. In doing so, a 3D model with high accuracy and the segmented results can be integrated such that the defects can be identified on the model.
Ultrasonic Imaging of Concrete/ RCC Structures using Immersion Technique
Authors:   Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Jain Harshit ,   Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Patankar Vaibhav H.
Published: January 2023

There has been a rapid increase in the construction of under-water concrete structures all over the world and the maintenance and rehabilitation of these concrete structures pose a major concern for estimating the quality and the useful remaining life of these structures. To cater to such needs, the detection of defects, porosities and rebar locations inside the Concrete/Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures have been carried out using the in-house developed single-channel ultrasonic imaging system at Electronics Division, BARC, India. Commercially, the inspection of under-water concrete structures is being carried out by utilizing Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method in Transmit-Receive (T-R) mode to indirectly estimate the density and strength of the concrete structure under test. UPV method requires a skill to interpret the data provided by the UPV instrument. The in-house developed single-channel system can perform imaging of Concrete/ RCC structures both in Pulse Echo (PE) as well as in T-R mode and can function in UPV mode. The imaging system performs data acquisition and temporal averaging of the RF bipolar data to achieve high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ( > 20 dB). In this paper, different types of concrete blocks with simulated defects and RCC blocks with steel rebars have been utilized for the inspection using the single-channel imaging system in water-immersion mode. The B-Scan images have been acquired for the concrete and RCC sample test blocks, using 54 KHz water immersion transducer in PE mode. The acquired B-Scan images have revealed the internal details of the Concrete and RCC sample test blocks, resembling the defects generated in the test blocks. The A-Scan waveform was also acquired on the 1 metre thick concrete block in contact PE mode, which shows the capability of the single channel ultrasonic imaging system for the inspection of such thick concrete blocks.
Muon tomography applied to assessment of concrete structures: First experiments and simulations
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Niederleithinger Ernst ,   University of Glasgow, Guangliang Yang ,   University of Glasgow, Mahon David ,   University of Glasgow, Gardner Simon
Published: January 2023

Non-destructive techniques for reinforced or prestressed concrete inspection such as ultrasound or
radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features. Until the 1980s X-ray transmission was used in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Novel detectors for cosmic muons
and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened new fields of application. As a first step towards
practical application in civil engineering and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results are at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. In a second step, we have performed simulations to assess the potential for a set of important testing problems such as grouting defects in tendon ducts. The next steps include the development of mobile detectors and optimizing acquisition and imaging parameters.
Crack segmentation in 3d concrete images: perspectives and challenges
Authors:   Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik (ITWM), Barisin Tin ,   Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Jung Christian ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik (ITWM), Nowacka Anna ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik (ITWM), Schladitz Katja ,   Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Redenbach Claudia
Published: January 2023

Concrete is one of the most frequently used building materials. Since failure of concrete can have catastrophic consequences, understanding its properties is a prerequisite to wide-spread application. In particular, mechanical tests are applied to investigate the cracking behaviour of concrete. Computed tomography (CT) is used to analyze the concrete’s microstructure non-destructively.
Segmenting cracks in CT images is challenging. Crack structures may be very thin and, therefore, insufficiently resolved in the image data. Additionally, concrete is a heterogeneous composite material typically consisting of cement paste, aggregates, pores, and reinforcements. Hence, cracks have to be distinguished from these components. The immense size of representative image data (up to 2,000^2x10,000 voxels for a concrete beam) prohibits manual processing.
We compare several methods for automatic crack segmentation. To enable a fair comparison, we design a comparative study based on simulated data. Simulated cracks of varying width and shape are integrated in CT images of concrete to achieve realistic images. Using these data, machine learning methods can be trained for the segmentation. Additionally, the existence of a ground truth allows for an objective evaluation of the results. The best segmentation results are obtained by a convolutional neural network (U-net) and by Hessian-based percolation.
These two methods are applied to real CT scans. There we observe an additional challenge: The thickness of cracks varies continuously while the crack propagates. Hence, multi-scale approaches covering crack widths between 1 and 20 voxels are explored.
On large images, voxel-wise crack segmentation on the whole image is not feasible from a computational point of view. Hence, we suggest to initially roughly scan the image for regions that are likely to contain cracks. Then, crack segmentation is restricted to those regions.
Applicability, limitations, and robustness of our methods are discussed.
Comparison of Magneto-Optical Faraday Effect Method and Magnetic Camera for Imaging the 2-D Static Leakage Magnetic Flux Density
Authors:   Chosun University, Dharmawan I Dewa Made Oka ,   Chosun University, Lee Jinyi ,   Chosun University, Wang Dabin
Published: January 2023

Magnetic flux leaks around the defect on the magnetized ferromagnetic specimen. The magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT) use the magnetic sensor to measure the leaked magnetic flux density (LMFD). The high sensitivity of sensor need to increase the probability of detection (POD). Also the small size and high spatial resolution of sensor need to increase POD and to sizing defect. Uniform and small lift-off are another necessary to increase POD and sizing ability. Also, the real time imaging of magnetic flux density can increase the inspection time. So the period of planned preventive maintenance could reduce. Two dimensional semiconductor-based magnetic sensor array with high spatial resolution satisfies these requirements. Projection of magnetic flux density on a sensor itself would be another method.

We compare the magnetic camera and the magneto-optical Faraday effect (MOE) for MFLT. Magnetic camera uses the two dimensional Hall sensor arrays to imaging the LMFD. And the MOE project LMFD. The plane of polarized light rotates inside of magneto-optical film (MOF). The Faraday rotation angle proportional to direction and intensity of magnetic flux density. Sensitivity, spatial resolution, magnetic hysteresis, repeatability, full-scaled operational range compared. Also shape of target specimen compares too.
Sorting of construction and demolition waste by combining LIBS with NIR spectroscopy
Authors:   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Klewe Tim ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Völker Tobias ,   Institut für Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gGmbH, Götz Jenny ,   Institut für Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gGmbH, Landmann Mirko ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Wilsch Gerd ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Kruschwitz Sabine
Published: January 2023

Closed material cycles and unmixed material fractions are required to achieve high recovery and recycling rates in the building industry. In construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling, the preference to date has been to apply simple but proven techniques to process large quantities of construction rubble in a short time. This is in contrast to the increasingly complex composite materials and structures in the mineral building materials industry. Manual sorting involves many risks and dangers for the executing staff and is merely based on obvious, visually detectable differences for separation. An automated, sensor-based sorting of these building materials could complement or replace this practice to improve processing speed, recycling rates, sorting quality, and prevailing health conditions.
A joint project of partners from industry and research institutions approaches this task by investigating and testing the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3-cotaining building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.)
Focusing on Berlin as an example, the entire value chain will be analyzed to minimize
economic / technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level and to sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates.
First measurements with LIBS and NIR spectroscopy show promising results in distinguishing various material types and provide an understanding about the mutual supplementation of both methods. Their spectral information is further compared with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Future works will apply the developed sorting methodology in a fully automated measurement setup with CDW on a conveyor belt.
Transfer learning of Impact Echo signal classification from laboratory to the field
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University (PennState), Sengupta Agnimitra ,   Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Azari Hoda ,   Pennsylvania State University (PennState), Guler Ilgin ,   Pennsylvania State University (PennState), Shokouhi Parisa
Published: January 2023

Impact Echo (IE) is a popular nondestructive testing tool for condition assessment of concrete bridge decks. Traditionally, IE signals require to be manually interpreted and classified into discrete classes – good, fair and poor - representing the different conditions at test points. This study aims to develop an automated fuzzy classification approach for IE signals trained on a set of eight reinforced concrete specimens constructed at the FHWA Advanced Sensing Technology (FAST) NDE laboratory with artificial defects that are known apriori. We choose fuzzy classification to obtain condition “goodness” represented on a continuum rather than on discrete classes (good, fair and poor). We use fuzzy classification models informed by physics-based features and automatically extracted features to determine the departure of a bridge deck condition from ‘good’. Next, using transfer learning, we suitably tune the classification model for optimum performance on data from FHWA’s InfoBridge database that has a limited amount of IE data from real bridge decks. We evaluate the transferred model performance against expert-assisted manual signal classification. This study will demonstrate the utility of laboratory studies for developing models applicable to real field data, where little or no ground truth data are available.
Study on Applicability of Detection of Internal Cracks by Impact Echo Using Machine Learning
Authors:   HOSEI University, Sano Shunsuke ,   HOSEI University, Mizobuchi Toshiaki ,   HOSEI University, Shimbo Hiroshi ,   Tokai University, Ozeki Tomoko ,   J-Power Design Co., Ltd, Nojima Junichiro
Published: January 2023

In this study, as a part of the comprehensive deterioration evaluation system for concrete structures by combining several diagnostic methods such as impact echo detection and infrared diagnosis, automatic judgement of concrete defects was attempted by machine learning of impact echo spectrogram. In machine learning, the impact echoes were transformed into spectrograms using the short-time Fourier transform, and supervised learning was performed using a convolutional neural network (CNN). This method can judge defects with the same accuracy as experienced engineers in the specimen with simulated defects buried in it. So, it was investigated the possibility of detecting micro cracks in concrete under conditions closer to real structures by this method.
In the experiment, a reinforced concrete specimen with dimensions of 1800 x 1800 x 600 mm and the cover concrete of 70 mm was fabricated. Then, by electric corrosion of the specimen, the steel bars inside were corroded, and micro cracks were generated.
Impact echoes were measured before and about every week after the start of electric corrosion. Then, machine learning was performed using the impact echo spectrograms before the start of electric corrosion and after internal cracks were determined to have occurred. The CNN obtained from this process was used to judge the impact echo spectrograms during the progress of electric corrosion.
As a result, the area judged as defects became larger after the rapid growth of strain considered to be caused by the internal cracks. In addition, when the impact echo spectrograms with further electric corrosion were used as training data, the area judged as defect became smaller.
From these results, this method was found to be capable of judging micro-cracks due to corrosion expansion of steel bars in the concrete.
Combining Active and Passive Stress Wave Monitoring Techniques: Opportunities for Condition Assessment of Concrete Structures
Authors:   Portland State University, Schumacher Thomas ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Niederleithinger Ernst
Published: January 2023

Condition monitoring of concrete structures has experienced increasing interest over the last decades, especially for bridges. In this presentation, a combined approach based on active and passive stress wave monitoring techniques is proposed and discussed. While from a wave propagation mechanics point of view, acoustic emission (AE) and ultrasonic monitoring are the same, they differ fundamentally in what the cause of the stress wave is. For the former, external stimuli such as overloading or temperature cause the spontaneous release of fracture energy in unknown locations. As a result, AE events cannot be repeated. For the latter, a known source at a known location is employed at a specified time. In contrast, this approach is highly controlled and repeatable. The presenter argues that a combination of these two techniques has the potential to provide a much more comprehensive picture of ongoing fracture processes as well as slowly occurring changes in the structure. An overview and comparison of the techniques is provided, along with observations and results from laboratory experiments and field tests that the presenter has been involved in over the last 15 years.
Numerical study to evaluate characteristics of an embedded SHM sensor to prevent rebar corrosion in concrete using magnetic flux density
Authors:   CEREMA, Kadkhodazadeh Sima ,   CEREMA, Souriou David ,   Université Gustave Eiffel, Ihamouten Amine ,   Université Gustave Eiffel, Dérobert Xavier ,   Université Gustave Eiffel, Simonin Jean-Michel
Published: January 2023

Rebars corrosion is the main durability threat of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures that reduce the service life, in marine environment. The chloride ions penetration to RC, can accelerate the corrosion process which increase RC structures collapsing risk. Therefore, regular health monitoring inspections is necessary to evaluate chlorides ingress, before they reach rebars. Many None Destructive Techniques (NDT), such as Electrochemical or Electromagnetic (EM) Methods, have been developed to detect rebar’s corrosion. However, most of them are not able to precisely determine the chlorides transfer mechanism or their results suffer from uncertainty and cannot distinguish chloride ions from other environmental factors changing.

Under framework of ANR French project LabCom OHMIGOD, we want to propose a novel Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) sensor for detection of chlorides penetration front in cover concrete, as preventive ND method. The sensor is made of magnetic and ferromagnetic materials that are sensitive to chloride ions and could generate magnetic flux density (B), as output signature. By embedding sensor in cover concrete, exposed to chlorides penetration, corrosion could emerge on the sensor’s reactive part. Thereby, its geometrical properties and consequently, its output signature would be affected, too. By using an external interrogator, it would be possible to obtain variation of B, in function of corrosion evolution on sensor, as ND observable.

In order to evaluate the sensor’s characteristics, we present a sensor’s numerical model and thereby, the related efficient geometrical parameters (surface and thickness) and also the location in concrete, are investigated. We used the Finite Element Method (FEM) for numerical modeling of the sensor.

The simulation results show that the variation range of B, up to 70% is achieved for the reactive part geometry of 25 mm × 25 mm × 0.8 mm, in depth’s range of 1 cm up to 3 cm from concert’s surface.
Introduction to DIN 4871: Qualification of NDT Personnel in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE)
Authors:   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP), Feistkorn Sascha ,   Swiss Association for Technical Inspections, SVTI ASIT, Algernon Daniel ,   FH Erfurt- University of Applied Sciences (FHE), Arndt Ralf ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Ebell Gino ,   DZSF, Friese Martin ,   Technical University of Munich (TUM), Grosse Christian U. ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP), Holstein Ralf ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Niederleithinger Ernst ,   Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Schickert Martin ,   Hupfer Ingenieure, Schulze Sebastian ,   University of Applied Science, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW), Taffe Alexander ,   Kiwa GmbH, Walther Andrei ,   DB Engineering & Consulting GmbH, Wolf Julia ,   RWTH Aachen University, ZOËGA Andreas ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP), Zwanzig Michael
Published: January 2023

Recently, non-destructive testing in civil engineering (NDT-CE), in particular of concrete components, has successfully mastered the leap from research to practice. Several methods have been established for field inspections to determine the concrete cover of reinforcement or to estimate the compressive strength as well as other parameters related to the concrete material. In addition, the application of nondestructive testing is indispensable, if information about the inner structure - such as the location of rebars and tendon ducts or the damage-related condition assessment to detect grouting defects, honeycombs, delamination, or corrosion - is required. Besides the selection of a suitable NDT method and an appropriate inspection system, the reliability of the results depends largely on the person who applies the non-destructive inspection technique and evaluates the inspection results. To ensure a high quality of non-destructive concrete evaluation as well as to keep the uncertainty caused by the inspection personnel to a minimum, structured, consistent and regulated theoretical as well as practical training of inspection personnel is essential. To close this gap, the subcommittee of education (UA-A) within the committee for NDT-CE of the German Society for Nondestructive Testing (DGZfP) has been reactivated in 2018 to establish uniform training standards for nondestructive concrete inspections in the long term. The subcommittee consists of scientists, practitioners, authorities, and clients. So far, the national standard DIN 4871 “Non-destructive testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT personnel in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE)” was developed and is currently under review. This standard considers the civil-industry-specifics, for example, that standards for NDT of concrete, as well as related product standards with a few exceptions, still do not exist at the moment. Within this presentation, the concept, the connection to ISO 9712 and other standards as well as an overview of the developed German standard DIN 4871 will be presented.
X-ray technology in civil engineering
Authors:   Comet AG, Bressendorff Jan
Published: January 2023

X-ray has the unique ability to reveal what inside a structure and interpret it as a human readable image. This key feature makes X-ray imaging to a preferred inspection method for quality control across everything from food, micro electronics to heavy steel constructions. The newest technology developments towards digital X-ray imaging allow for fast and reliable inspection, addressing the high requirements of steel and concrete inspection. In civil engineering X-ray technology is used for weld seem inspection within construction of pipelines, bridges petrol-chemical plants and nuclear facilities.

Quality assurance of steel constructions:

X-ray inspection of pipelines and other steel structures are not only done during construction where weld seem inspection is one of the main applications for X-ray but also during maintenance where inspection for hidden corrosion and erosion to identify weaknesses before a breakdown occur.

Damage assessment:

Another important application is assessment of identified damages, as evaluation of identified cracks in steel constructions. With digital imaging it possible to get an immediate inspection result with high sensitivity and resolution.

Inspection of concrete:

A new emerging application is X-ray inspection of concrete constructions with X-ray. A modern 300kV portable X-ray system combined with digital image system can be used to inspect up to 20 – 25 cm concrete. With X-ray inspection of concrete, it is possible to identify and evaluate the condition of the reinforcement inside the concrete which is pivotal for the strength of the construction. It is also possible to identify the exact position of electrical installations or other features hidden inside the concrete which can prevent unexpected incidents related to drilling.

The latest X-ray technology addresses todays and future challenges of quality control in civil engineering.
A new IoT Corrosion Monitoring-System for concrete structures
Authors:   Technik und Forschung im Betonbau AG, Schiegg Yves
Published: January 2023

Reinforced concrete is a cost-effective and durable building material for infrastructure structures. Nevertheless,

many structures show corrosion damage to the reinforcement or damage to the concrete. For such structures and

other constructions, where rapid deterioration can occur, new monitoring systems including sensor technology can

give reliable information on different durability parameters and structural changes. With the development of the

IoT (“Internet of Things”) in the early 2000s, new possibilities for low-power data transmission and integration of

measurement results in the internet cloud emerged.
Semiactive vibration control for vibration reduction in buildings through ADRC
Authors:   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Saldaña Israel de Jesús , Rodríguez-Torres Andrés ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yu Wen ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Morales-Valdez Jesús ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

In this paper an Active Disturbance Reflection Control (ADRC) technique is proposed for semi-active vibration control for building structures. The ADRC objective is to reduce the displacement of the building, regulating the force of a magnetorheological damper to provide rigidity to the structure and thus cancel the effects of seismic disturbances. In addition, an algebraic state estimator is proposed to estimate the displacement and velocity required by the ARDC. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed scheme.
Model Calibration for a Hydraulic Network Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México, I.T. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Gómez-Coronel L. , Santos-Ruiz I. ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México, I.T. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, López-Estrada F. R. ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México, I.T. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Torres L. ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delgado-Aguiñaga J. A. ,   Universidad del Valle de México
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses the problem of parameter calibration in pipelines based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The parameters under consideration are the pipe roughness and the minor loss coefficient caused by fittings like valves, elbows, and couplings. These parameters cannot be directly measured, and their accuracy plays an essential role in successfully implementing leak diagnosis algorithms. The proposed GA generates calibrated values for both pipe roughness and minor loss coefficient by minimizing the root mean squared error (RMSE) in predicting pressures. The method was implemented in MATLAB and the calibration was validated in an experimental network by comparing the pressure heads measured at the nodes of the network and those from the calibrated model simulated with EPANET.
Robust estimation of multiplicative faults on actuators based on Takagi-Sugeno systems with unmeasurable premise variables
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Gasga P. , Gómez-Peñate S. ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Tuxtla Gutiérrez, López-Estrada F. R. ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Bernal M. ,   Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a simultaneous estimation of states and multiplicative faults on actuators is considered based on Takagi – Sugeno observer with unmeasurable premise variables. Observer design is derived of matrix linear inequalities deduced by method Lyapunov and a $H_infty$ performance criterion to minimize the effect of perturbation and uncertainty generated by the unmeasurable premise variables. The methodology is demonstrated by a nonlinear model of a helicopter to show performance of the observer in the presence of faults and disturbances.
A New Adaptive Controller for Linear Systems: A Model Reference Approach
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. La Lag, Franco Roberto , Ríos Héctor ,   Cátedras CONACYT, Ferreira de Loza Alejandra ,   Institución principal: Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a finite-time model reference adaptive controller is proposed to solve the tracking problem for a class of linear time-invariant systems with parameter uncertainties. The convergence to zero in a finite time for the tracking and parameter identification errors is ensured. The convergence proofs are developed based on Lyapunov function approach. Finally, some simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Feasibility regions in the control design using attractive ellipsoids
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Le, Banda Urbina A. , Alcorta Garcia E. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Elizondo Gonzalez C. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Platas Garza M. A. ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Published: January 2023

El control basado en elipsoides atractivas consiste en buscar dentro del espacio de estados una región que cumpla con las propiedades de atractividad e invarianza. Una dificultad consiste en que las desigualdades que se requieren satisfacer son bilineales. En este trabajo se propone un procedimiento que permite establecer intervalos factibles para la búsqueda de soluciones permitiendo con esto encontrar conjuntos de soluciones subóptimas en donde se puede buscar un óptimo. El esquema propuesto permite buscar la solución a partir de LMI's en lugar de las BMI's. El algoritmo propuesto esta basado en la herramienta de descomposición de signo. La efectividad del procedimiento se ejemplifica mediante el modelo de un péndulo.
Passivity-based controller for charging of Lithium-ion battery model 18650
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Martínez López Asunción , Linares Flores Jesús ,   Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Hernández Méndez Arturo ,   Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Orantes Molina Antonio ,   Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Juárez Abad José Antonio ,   Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Barahona Avalos Jorge Luis ,   Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca
Published: January 2023

This article deals with a lithium-ion battery charger using a passivity-based controller (called: the exact tracking error dynamics passive output feedback (ETEDPOFC)), which uses the constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) protocol. For this, the charger system consists of 3 phases. The first phase involves designing the dc-dc buck power converter, considering the operating voltage and maximum current the battery can withstand—where the passivity-based control operates in the balance points proposed as a function of the load protocols. The second phase consists of the general PSIM simulation of the system (converter + battery), which uses the Shepherd model to characterize the battery used in the tests. Finally, the third phase shows the implementation based on the system’s TMS320F28335 card DSP, just like the experimental results.
Modified computed torque control for trajectory tracking of a 8 DOF mobile manipulator robot
Authors:   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Pérez-Fuentevilla J. G. , Morales-Díaz A. B. ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Rodríguez-Angeles A. ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a nonlinear controller based on a computed torque control scheme is proposed for solving the trajectory tracking problem of a 8 DOF mobile manipulator robot, considering a (2,0) type differential mobile robot that satisfy its nonholonomic constraint. A stability analisys using Lyapunov method is presented; semiglobal, uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stability is proved. Numeric simulation with a circular parametric trajectory using KUKA youBot model is shown. Results show an effective convergence and good control performance.
Lateral directional geometric control for small fixed-wing aircraft
Authors:   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Martínez-Ramírez M. , Rodríguez-Cortés H. ,   Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a solution to the path following problem for fixed-wing aircraft on the cartesian plane. The solution considers the lateral-directional aircraft dynamics, the geometric structure of the aircraft kinematics, and an inner-outer control loop configuration. Numerical simulations employing Matlab-Simulink and the flight simulator X-Plane are presented to verify the performance of the proposed control algorithm.
Robust Observer to estimate states and parameters of Nonlinear Quorum Sensing Dynamics with Time Delay
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Flores-Pérez A. , Breña-Medina V. ,   Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, González-Olvera M. ,   Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México
Published: January 2023

Quorum sensing (QS) is a self organization process in bacteria colonies where certain collective action is performed blue when a population density threshold is reached. Some medically relevant behaviors of bacteria are known to be described by QS dynamics such as virulence or antibiotics resistance. Estimation of states and parameters in QS model is important to address such medical issues but difficult in scenarios where measurements are limited and internal activation delay times are considered. In this paper an exteded Kalman filter is applied to estimate two unknown states and a nonlinear parameter of a time delay QS (TDQS) system. To the author's knowledge this is the first extended Kalman filter applied to estimate state variables of QS in its delayed version. In this work it is shown how, by measuring only one of the states of the TDQS, the rest of the variables can be estimated, as well one nonlinear parameter.
Operation Strategy for Photovoltaic Inverters with Microgrid Support Commuting from Grid-Feeding to Grid-Forming
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Cruz-Velázquez U. , Cárdenas V. ,   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Yepez-Lopez I. ,   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, González M. ,   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Alvarez-Salas R. ,   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
Published: January 2023

This work proposes an operation strategy for a single-phase photovoltaic inverter to have the capability to change its operation mode from a feeding to a forming converter within an electrical microgrid. In addition, the proposed system provides AC mains support functions through reactive power injection during fault conditions. The IEEE 1547-2018 standard is taken as a basis, which considers the need to provide support in the event of low/high voltage variations, outside the normal operating limits. To meet some of the control objectives, a passivity-based control (PBC) is used. In order to validate the operating conditions and AC mains support functions some simulations are carried out.
Robust Adaptive Observer for a Muscular Blood Vessel Fractional-Order Model
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, González-Olvera Marcos A. , Gallardo-Hernández Ana G. ,   Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Escobar Jesica ,   Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
Published: January 2023

Coronary disease modeling and prevention has proven critical to medical applications and patient evaluation. In this work, a robust observer for a fractional-order Muscular Blood Vessel (MBV) model that, using only measurements from the change in pressure, is proposed so it can reconstruct the change in the inner radius of the vessel. With this application, it is expected to provide a better prediction of future or present problems in the MBV. Parametric linear and nonlinear reconstruction, as well as state observation, is considered with noisy measurement cases. Numeric results are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method.
Improvement of Particle Swarm Optimization against Slow Variations of Environmental Conditions in Maximum Power Point Tracking
Authors:   TecNM | Tecnológico Nacional de México campus CENIDET, Martínez-Barbosa A. , Calleja-Gjumlich J. H. ,   TecNM | Tecnológico Nacional de México campus CENIDET, Guerrero-Ramírez G. V. ,   TecNM | Tecnológico Nacional de México campus CENIDET, Guerrero-Ramírez E. ,   Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca
Published: January 2023

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an artificial intelligence technique applied to track the maximum power point of photovoltaic cells. It has been shown to be effective against irradiance and temperature variations, including partial shading condition. However, this technique suffers from unnecessary restarts as its threshold levels are adjusted. To overcome that situation, this document presents an improved PSO that focuses on the slow irradiance variations that trigger these thresholds. Comparative results between PSO, PSO combined with the Perturb and Observe (PSO-P&O) algorithm and the proposed PSO improvement technique are shown. As a result, the proposed improvement technique avoids unnecessary restarts of the original PSO without the steady-state oscillations around the maximum power point of the PSO-P&O.
Bidirectional Buck-Boost converter as an Active Power Decoupling schema for Single-Phase Power Inverters
Authors:   University of San Luis Potosi, Yepez-Lopez I. , Cárdenas V. ,   University of San Luis Potosi, Cruz-Velázquez U. ,   University of San Luis Potosi, Miranda H. ,   University of San Luis Potosi, Alcalá J. ,   University of Colima
Published: January 2023

The power ripple in the DC-link of photovoltaic and energy storage systems interconnected to the AC mains can drastically impact the lifespan of the photovoltaic panel and the system in general. This problem can be easily solved by using DC-link electrolytic capacitors as a passive decoupling method; however, this implies significant drawbacks such as increased volume and cost of the capacitor and a significant reduction in efficiency and reliability. This can be compensated by replacing electrolytic capacitors with active power decoupling methods based on power electronic converters. Thus, a Bidirectional Buck-Boost converter as an active power decoupling scheme is proposed. First, a power decoupling overview is addressed. Afterward, the operation of the Buck-Boost converter is detailed. Therefore, the control strategy is also explained. Finally, some simulations and preliminary experimental results to verify the integrated operation of the power converter are given.
Level control of coupled tanks via nested predictors
Authors:   Alumno de la Maestría en Ciencias en Automatización y Control, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Cervantes-Santamaría Bogar , Rodríguez-Guerrero Liliam ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pedraza-Vera Víctor E. ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Santos-Sánchez Omar J. ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, López-Pérez Pablo A. ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the liquid level of a coupled tank system is regulated by using predictive control, because the process is modeled as a Two Input-Two Output system with input delays. The delays are compensated by using nested predictors, and the gains are tuned based on the Linear Quadratic Regulator approach. A comparative analysis of the proposed control is performed via simulation routines, with a state feedback and a Proportional Integral control. The results show that the state predictors are able to compensate the input delays, avoiding the overshoot.
iiDAQ: An Affordable Data Acquisition System as a Tool for Teaching-Learning Process in Instrumentation and Control
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, González-Arrieta Lizbeth , Ramírez-Chavarría Roberto G. ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Torres Lizeth ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Resendiz-Quintanar Areli ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

Teaching-learning process in undergraduate courses requires alternative methods to succeed, even more in a blended mode. Particularly, for instrumentation and control courses, practical activities are mandatory to strengthen the theoretical content. However, accessing to laboratory workbench and devices is not straightforward due to several constraints. In this work, we introduce the so-called iiDAQ, a low-cost and affordable solution as a data acquisition (DAQ) device devoted to didactic practices. The system is based on open hardware devices to acquire and generate signals from sensors and actuators. Moreover, we develop a full Matlab compliant toolbox with a graphical user interface (GUI) interaction and a low-level method scripting capabilities. We show the iiDAQ design and details on its functionality. The performance is shown in three didactic case studies. Results show that the proposal is an attractive tool to leverage teaching-learning processes for undergraduate instrumentation and control courses.
Leader-Follower Consensus Formation Control of Nonholonomic Vehicles with Input Constraints
Authors:   University of Guadalajara, Nuño Emmanuel , Paredes Angel I. ,   University of Guadalajara, Hernández Tonatiuh ,   University of Guadalajara, Loría Antonio ,   L2S-CentraleSupelec, CNRS, Panteley Elena ,   L2S-CentraleSupelec, CNRS
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a solution for the leader-follower consensus formation control problem of nonholonomic vehicles that exhibit input constraints. In this consensus problem, the position and the orientation of all the vehicles has to be regulated at a desired equilibrium, hence this pertains to a stabilization scenario. Therefore, in order to satisfy Brockett's theorem, the controller has to be designed to be either discontinuous or time-varying. The proposed scheme is a smooth bounded Proportional plus damping injection controller that incorporates a persistency of excitation term. A comparative simulation analysis with an unbounded control scheme is also provided.
Categorización, clasificación y repertorización onomasiológica del vocabulario doméstico de los inventarios de bienes de San Millán.
Authors: Carriazo Ruiz José Ramón
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este ensayo es la descripción y definición delo que entendemos por ajuar doméstico, es decir el léxico de la vidacotidiana o el vocabulario de la cultura material reflejado en losinventarios de bienes redactados en San Millán de la Cogolla (LaRioja). Con este artículo quiero clarificar qué categorías comprendeesa parcela del léxico hispano recogido en los inventarios millanenses,en que subcategorías puede dividirse para guiar su repertorizaciónen una base de datos y permitir, a partir de ella, su análisis conun enfoque onomasiológico.