bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Advancements in Infrastructure Maintenance and Management Using Smart Contracts: Reducing Costs and Improving Resilience
Authors: Villa Valentina , Gioberti Luca , Domaneschi Marco , Catbas Necati
Published: February 2025

The civil engineering sector operates within a complex ecosystem of stakeholders, requiring efficient management and maintenance of structural and infrastructural assets. In this context, there is an increasing need for robust tools to track critical events (e.g., alerts, unusual behaviors) and support decision-making processes related to maintenance and interventions. At the same time, ensuring secure and prompt payments is essential for timely and effective responses. This paper investigated the potential of smart contracts, integrated with blockchain technology, to automate and optimize asset management and maintenance processes. The proposed framework examines how these technologies can enhance operational efficiency, security, and event traceability, providing a structured approach for both routine operations and emergency interventions. Although smart contracts have been widely applied in the construction phase of infrastructure projects, their use in long-term asset management remains largely unexplored. As a conceptual study, this work does not present a quantitative analysis but instead lays the groundwork for future research and real-world applications of blockchain-based smart contracts in infrastructure management and safety procedures.
Current Insight on Eco-Friendly Concrete: A Review
Authors: Akter Shaheda T. , Hawas Allan
Published: February 2025

Concrete is known for its high structural performance and workability, but its environmental impact is significant in terms of the utilization of virgin resources and greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate the negative climate effects of concrete, it is essential to continuously develop and adopt eco-friendly practices in the construction sector. This paper provides an overview of current practices, opportunities, and challenges for developing and adopting eco-friendly concrete. Promising paths for eco-friendly concrete construction include using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) instead of energy-intensive traditional cement, incorporating locally available, waste-based materials rather than virgin resources, adopting recycling and reusing techniques, employing advanced technologies, such as performance-enhanced concrete and carbon capture and utilization techniques, etc. Among the studied materials, some waste materials such as rice husk ash, mine tailings, and municipal solid waste ash have found potential and demand further research. The adoption of new materials in concrete and attributing them in practices faces significant social, economic, and regulatory challenges. Addressing these obstacles requires interdisciplinary research and development, the establishment of clear standards and incentives, and educating skilled professionals and efforts to raise social awareness.
The Experiences of Adolescents and Young Adults with Digital Supportive Care Interventions for Cancer: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Mostafa Mashiad , Chae Y. Sarah , Bland Kelcey A. , McTaggart-Cowan Helen
Published: February 2025

Background: Evidence suggests the importance of cancer supportive care for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), and digital technology may provide tailored care that is flexible, affordable and accessible. However, AYAs’ experiences with these digital cancer supportive care interventions are currently unclear. Objective: The aim of this review is to systematically identify and explore potential intervention facilitators, barriers and areas of improvement. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL for mixed methods and qualitative studies, published between 2000 and 2023, focusing on the experiences of AYAs between the ages of 15 and 39 years using digital supportive care interventions for cancer. Studies involving only pediatric and older populations were excluded. The identified studies were critically appraised and thematically analyzed. Results: Twenty-three digital interventions were identified. They varied in modality and addressed different aspects of supportive care (e.g., physical activity, psychological well-being and symptom management). Participants’ experiences with the intervention attributes (e.g., appropriate content, flexible choices, seamless technology and inclusive environment) influenced their physical and psychological health, connections and communication skills, and autonomy. Conclusions: Overall, AYAs reported favorable experiences with digital interventions when provided with tailored supportive care for cancer. Digital interventions may help to increase reach and access to supportive care for cancer; however, barriers to delivery, such as faulty technology or cumbersome intervention features, can negatively impact participant experiences and may reduce engagement.
One-Pot In Situ Synthesis of Porous Vanadium-Doped g-C3N4 with Improved Photocatalytic Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants
Authors: Huang Yafeng , Pang Rui , Sun Shanshan , Chen Xiufang , Chen Fengtao , Lu Wangyang
Published: February 2025

The peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-assisted photocatalytic process has shown considerable potential for the treatment of wastewater. g-C3N4-based catalysts are widely applied to eliminate organic pollutants in wastewater. However, the bulk catalyst prepared by dicyandiamide has the drawback of a low surface area (10 m2/g), while the porous catalyst prepared by urea suffers from a low catalyst yield based on urea (3.5%). To address these challenges, a porous V-doped carbon nitride (V/CN) was designed through one-step thermal polymerization using urea and dicyandiamide as the carbon nitride precursor and NH4VO3 as the V precursor. When the ratio of urea to dicyandiamide was 10:1, the yield of V/CN was improved, while it maintained a rich porous structure with a specific surface area (64.6 m2/g). The synergetic effect of V doping and nanosheet and hollow tubular structures facilitated the separation of photogenerated carriers, leading to boosting the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 in the PMS system. V/CN(10:1) could completely degrade CBZ within 20 min, exhibiting an equivalent catalytic efficiency comparable to that of V/CN prepared by urea (V/UCN), while markedly surpassing both V/DCN and CN prepared by urea alone (UCN) in performance. This study presents an economical and effective approach for the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environments.
Sustained Reduction in Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Micropremature Infants: A Quality Improvement Intervention
Authors: Wong Sabrina E. , Sampson Lisa , Dunn Michael , Rolnitsky Asaph , Ng Eugene
Published: February 2025

Background: Quality improvement (QI) interventions may reduce the incidence and severity of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) in the population of inborn micropremature infants (born at ≤26 weeks’ gestation) with the goal of improving outcomes in this high-risk population. Methods: A multidisciplinary team reviewed the current literature to develop a site-specific brain protective bundle. Baseline data were collected from June 2014 to February 2015, with interventions occurring from March 2015 to December 2015. The period of sustainability was assessed from January 2016 to December 2023. Control charts were used to analyze the effect of the interventions. Outcome measures included all grades of IVH, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and spontaneous intestinal perforations (SIP). Results: Brain care initiatives decrease the rate of severe IVH in the inborn micropremature infant population from a baseline of 21% to 6.45% with a sustained rate of 4.5% with no change to balancing measures. Conclusions: Brain-protective initiatives such as midline head positioning and minimal handling are associated with a significant and sustained reduction in severe IVH among inborn micropremature infants.
From Genes to Healing: The Protective Mechanisms of Poria cocos Polysaccharide in Endometrial Health
Authors: Huang Yongxi , Yan Pupu , Zhu Jun , Gong Yinuo , Liu Man , Cheng Haishan , Yi Tilin , Zhang Fuxian , Yang Xiaolin , Su Yingbing , Guo Liwei
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP) on bovine endometritis. Initially, an inflammation model was induced using LPS-treated bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEND) to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the control and LPS groups by transcriptome sequencing, and GO functional annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. Subsequently, the mechanism of PCP treatment for endometritis was further evaluated using protein immunoblotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis. Finally, the efficacy of PCP in treating endometritis was evaluated using a rat model of endometritis established with a mixed bacterial infection. The results show that transcriptome sequencing identified 4367 DEGs, with enrichment analysis highlighting the primary influences on the cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathways. Following treatment of BEND with LPS resulted in cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. However, the introduction of PCP intervention significantly inhibited the progression of apoptosis and inflammation. Animal test results indicate that PCP significantly decreases the levels of serum inflammatory in rats suffering from endometritis and enhances antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, it effectively improved uterine swelling and tissue vacuolization caused by bacterial infection. These findings suggest that PCP could alleviate endometritis by modulating the inflammatory response and suppressing cell apoptosis. Poria cocos polysaccharides demonstrate significant potential for applications in immune modulation, anti-inflammatory responses, and antioxidant activities. Their high safety profile makes them suitable candidates as alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment of endometritis in the veterinary field.
Fluorescence Reduction Neutralization Test: A Novel, Rapid, and Efficient Method for Characterizing the Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies Against Dengue Virus
Authors: Guo Jiazheng , Lu Jiansheng , Du Peng , Cheng Kexuan , Lei Chao , Jiang Yujia , Peng Meiling , Li Yating , Sun Kaiyue , Xu Changyan , Yu Yunzhou , Gao Chen , Kang Qinglin , Zhang Yixiao , Wang Rong , Yang Zhixin
Published: February 2025

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health threat in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Climate change resulting from global warming is further expanding DENV–endemic areas, adversely affecting public life and health. Despite this, no specific drug against DENV has been developed so far. Vaccines and neutralizing antibodies are the chief preventive and therapeutic tools for managing pathogenic infections. The present study describes the development of a novel fluorescence reduction neutralization test (FRNT) for evaluating the neutralizing activity of antibodies against DENV. This FRNT allows rapid antibody screening. In addition, we calculated the FRNT50 to indicate the neutralizing ability of the antibodies. In contrast to the conventional plaque reduction neutralization assay, the FRNT has a shorter experimental cycle, a simpler operation, and greater objectivity, which can greatly accelerate the research and development process of vaccines and antibodies against DENV.
Dietary Pattern of Asiatic Lions in the Coastal Ecosystem of Saurashtra, Gujarat, India
Authors: Ram Mohan , Sahu Aradhana , Srivastava Nityanand , Vadar Kritagnya , Chaudhary Rohit , Jhala Lahar
Published: February 2025

The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo leo), a flagship species of conservation significance, has expanded its range beyond the Gir protected areas into multi-use landscapes, including the coastal regions of Saurashtra, Gujarat, India. This study examines the dietary patterns of Asiatic lions in this unique coastal region. Using scat analysis, we identified the prey species consumed and quantified their contributions to the lions’ diet. Results indicate that the lions predominantly consumed wild prey, such as Boselaphus tragocamelus, Sus scrofa, and Axis axis, which together constituted 64% of their diet. Domestic prey contributed 31%. In terms of biomass, wild prey accounted for 70%, with Boselaphus tragocamelus alone contributing 51%. The dietary niche breadth, calculated using Levin’s index, was 0.36, suggesting a relatively specialized diet. This study underscores the importance of prey abundance and habitat structure in shaping lion predation patterns. Lions’ reliance on wild prey, particularly Boselaphus tragocamelus and Sus scrofa, highlights their crucial role in the coastal region. Additionally, the inclusion of domestic prey, such as feral cattle, may reflect their high availability and reduced anti-predator behaviors. These findings emphasize the need for robust prey population monitoring and habitat conservation to ensure the long-term survival of Asiatic lions in the coastal region.
The Central Vein Sign as a Radiologic Tool to Predict the Diagnosis of Radiation Necrosis in Intracranial Metastatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Antonios Joseph P. , Adenu-Mensah Nana , Theriault Brianna C. , Millares-Chavez Miguel , Huttner Anita , Aboian Mariam , Chiang Veronica L.
Published: February 2025

Radiosurgery (SRS) is a primary treatment for intracranial metastatic disease, but it can lead to cerebral radiation necrosis (RN) in approximately 25% of cases. Unlike tumor progression (TP), which indicates a lack of response to treatment, RN suggests an effective SRS response. Differentiating RN from TP is challenging using standard radiological imaging, often necessitating surgical biopsy. This study investigates the utility of the central vein sign (CVS), a novel MRI biomarker associated with immune infiltrate-rich perivascular spaces, to differentiate RN from TP. Overall, our findings suggest that pre-SRS CVS could serve as a non-invasive marker to distinguish RN from TP, aiding in treatment decisions. Further research is needed to validate CVS as a predictive marker in larger patient cohorts and explore its potential in guiding cancer therapy response.
Basal Cell Carcinoma in Patients over 80 Years Presenting for Surgical Excision: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Seretis Konstantinos , Bounas Nikos , Rapti Erasmia , Lampri Evangeli , Moschovos Vasilios , Lykoudis Efstathios G.
Published: February 2025

Background. Complete basal cell carcinoma (BCC) excision remains the most common treatment modality. However, its clinical characteristics and the surgical outcomes achieved in patients over 80 years—often with several medical comorbidities and potentially limited life expectancy—have not been thoroughly examined. This clinical study aims to investigate tumor-specific characteristics and surgical outcomes following surgical treatment of BCC in older individuals. Methods. An observational cohort study based on a prospectively maintained database was conducted in a tertiary center using a predetermined protocol. Patients who underwent BCC surgery between January 2010 and September 2024 were included and grouped by age under or over 80 years. The inclusion criterion was a histologically confirmed BCC, while patients with syndromes predisposing BCC development were excluded. Results. Among the 1396 biopsy-proven BCCs, 35% of the patients were older than 80 years. No significant differences were observed in their baseline characteristics. The pathogenic capacity was greater in elderly patients, who exhibited higher rates of multiple and concurrent skin cancers, larger BCC diameters, and routine involvement in high-risk areas. More lesions were classified as high-risk for recurrence, and the surgical treatment was accompanied by a higher frequency of positive or close margins, high-grade subtypes, and perineural invasion. Logistic regression of 1150 BCCs revealed that age > 80, advanced TNM stage, and margin status robustly predict high-risk histology and high NCCN risk of tumor recurrence. Conclusions. This study highlights that BCC in the elderly population tends to present with a more aggressive tumor status, based on the key clinical and pathology features. These findings underscore the need for tailored surgical strategies in this population.
Adiponectin and Leptin—Considerations in Adult Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3
Authors: Miletić Marija , Stević Zorica , Perić Stojan , Tančić Gajić Milina , Rakočević Jelena , Stojanović Miloš , Marković Bojan , Žarković Miloš
Published: February 2025

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder characterized by the degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to progressive proximal muscle weakness and paralysis. SMA is clinically categorized into four phenotypes based on age of onset and motor function achieved. Patients with SMA type 3 (juvenile, Kugelberg-Welander disease) initially have the ability to walk unaided, but experience a gradual decline in motor abilities over time. However, their lifespan is not affected by the presence of the disease. Leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted by adipocytes, has receptors widely distributed in musculoskeletal tissues. Several studies suggest that adiponectin deficiency contributes to the development of insulin resistance, with lower adiponectin levels closely associated with greater insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. However, the role of adiponectin in different types of sarcopenia and its connection to insulin sensitivity remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to measure leptin and adiponectin levels in patients with SMA type 3 and explore their association with markers of insulin sensitivity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 23 adult patients with SMA type 3 (SMA group) and 18 community-based healthy volunteers (control group), conducted from July 2020 to September 2024. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, body fat percentage, surrogate markers of insulin sensitivity (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index—HOMA-IR and ISI Matsuda), and circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured in all participants. Results: Insulin resistance was present in 91.3% of patients with SMA type 3, as determined by HOMA-IR and ISI Matsuda insulin sensitivity markers. In the control group, 64.7% had insulin resistance (IR) according to HOMA-IR, while 44.4% met the ISI Matsuda criterion for IR, showing a significant difference in peripheral insulin sensitivity between groups. A significant difference in serum adiponectin levels was observed between patients with SMA type 3 and the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in serum leptin concentrations. High adiponectin levels were observed in 50% of patients with SMA type 3. In the healthy control group, adiponectin levels positively correlated with ISI Matsuda and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, confirming the insulin-sensitizing role of adiponectin. However, this correlation was not observed in patients with SMA type 3. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in this specific type of hereditary neuromuscular disease, the interplay between sarcopenia and insulin leads to adiponectin resistance, challenging the canonical narrative between insulin sensitivity and adiponectin, and indicating a need for further research.
Inclusive Higher Education Challenges: Promoting Knowledge and Practice of Gender Equality
Authors: Merma-Molina Gladys , Gavilán-Martín Diego , Urrea-Solano Mayra , Martinez-Roig Rosabel
Published: February 2025

Spanish teachers, in general, are committed, sensitised and in favour of integrating gender equality into their professional development. Despite this, the gender perspective has not been systematically integrated into the training of future teachers. One of the reasons for this is education professionals’ lack of knowledge about the most elementary constructs of gender mainstreaming. The present study explores primary school teachers’ perceptions and knowledge. To this end, it considers some critical elements of gender equality (gender, gender equality, the glass ceiling, and feminism). A qualitative and quantitative approach was adopted, and the methodological design was based on Grounded Theory. An intervention programme was designed to make students aware of and able to distinguish between these terms. Ninety-two prospective primary school teachers took part in the study. Of these, 69% were female, and 61% were between 17 and 18. To assess students’ perceptions of gender equality, students completed an initial and final questionnaire before and after the educational innovation. The findings show that future primary school teachers had superficial and limited knowledge about gender, gender equality, the glass ceiling, and feminism. In this regard, the design and implementation of transversal and innovative educational actions can help overcome these deficiencies.
A Review of Circuits and Systems for Advanced Sub-THz Transceivers in Wireless Communication
Authors: Chen Runzhou , Yan Boxun , Chang Mau-Chung Frank
Published: February 2025

Sub-terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies (100–300 GHz) are gaining prominence in the development of next-generation wireless communication systems, promising ultra-high data rates and wide bandwidths essential for applications like 6G networks and beyond. Despite the immense potential of these frequencies, several design and implementation challenges remain, especially in transceiver architectures, high-order modulation, and beam-forming capabilities. In this paper, we survey recent advances in sub-THz transceiver design, with a particular focus on D-band frequencies. We explore the latest developments in circuit performance and architectures, including innovative transmitter and receiver designs that utilize direct-digital modulation (and demodulation) and phased-array systems. To ensure a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis, this work selects over 100 data points from top-tier conferences and journals, with most publications dating within the past five years, reflecting the state of the art in the field. Meanwhile, we discuss practical challenges, future directions, and opportunities to optimize sub-THz systems for high-speed, high-capacity wireless communication.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Heat Island Intensity Based on Local Climate Zones in the Transitional Season of Shenyang
Authors: Xi Tianyu , Li Jin , Yang Nuannuan , Liu Xinyu , Guo Fei
Published: February 2025

The data derived from Local Climate Zone (LCZ) field measurements can contribute to the construction of regional climate datasets with urban heat island (UHI) effects and accurately present urban heat island intensity (UHII) characteristics in different areas, thereby improving the accuracy of building energy consumption simulations. This study focuses on Shenyang, a severe cold-region city, as the research area. By mapping the LCZs in the central city of Shenyang and selecting eight different types of LCZ plots for field temperature measurement, the UHI effect of various LCZs in Shenyang was analyzed. Air temperature and UHII were used to evaluate the UHII characteristics of LCZs under typical meteorological conditions. Additionally, this study investigated the temperature dynamics and heating/cooling rates of each LCZ under typical meteorological days. The results reveal significant differences in UHII characteristics among LCZ types, closely related to their surface structure and land cover characteristics. These findings further validate the effectiveness of the LCZ classification method in severe cold regions. The data obtained in this study can be used as high-precision climate model parameters for urban energy consumption models and building energy efficiency models, thus making simulation results more consistent with local characteristics and enabling more accurate energy consumption predictions.
The Market-Oriented Development of China’s Carbon Emissions Trading: Based on the Comparative Analysis of China and EU
Authors: Lin Runhong , Cai Tongjuan
Published: February 2025

We mainly focus on the degree of marketisation of China’s carbon emissions trading from two aspects. Firstly, based on the financial market theory, the different characteristics of the construction of the EU and China’s carbon emissions trading market are compared. Secondly, the VAR-MVGARCH-DCC model is used to empirically analyze the dynamic correlation between the carbon emissions trading market and the stock market. The results show that the marketisation degree of China’s carbon emissions trading still has much room for improvement compared with the EU, and the carbon emission market has a significant guiding effect on the stock market. Therefore, to improve the carbon emissions trading system, we should pay attention to the influence of financial factors on carbon emissions trading and the establishment of transmission channels from the carbon market to the stock market. It is recommended to learn from the experience of the European Union and to take key industries as a guide to create a modern carbon financial system with more Chinese characteristics.
Enhanced Dynamic Control for Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines Using Integrated Model Predictive Current Control and Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Mamashli Mohammadreza , Jamil Mohsin
Published: February 2025

Enhancing the dynamic response of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (FSPMSMs) is crucial for high-performance applications such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and industrial automation. Conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controllers within model predictive current control (MPCC) frameworks often struggle to meet the demands of rapid transient response and precise speed tracking, particularly under dynamic operating conditions. To address these challenges, this paper presents a hybrid control strategy that integrates Sliding Mode Control (SMC) into the speed loop of MPCC, aiming to significantly improve the dynamic response and control robustness of FSPMSMs. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are validated through high-fidelity real-time simulations using OPAL-RT Technologies’ OP5707XG simulator. Two control schemes are compared: MPCC with a PI controller in the speed loop (MPCC-PI) and MPCC with SMC in the speed loop (MPCC-SMC). Testing was conducted under various operating scenarios, including starting tests, load variations, speed ramping, and speed reversals. The results demonstrate that the MPCC-SMC strategy achieves superior dynamic performance, faster settling times, smoother transitions, and enhanced steady-state precision compared to the MPCC-PI scheme. The comparative results confirm that the MPCC-SMC method outperforms conventional MPCC strategies, making it a compelling solution for advanced motor drive applications requiring enhanced dynamic control.
Drivers of Willingness-to-Pay and Willingness-to-Accept of Cross-Country Skiers in Forests in Poland
Authors: Mandziuk Agnieszka , Bijak Szymon , Łukawska Irena , Radomska Justyna , Studnicki Marcin , Parzych Stanisław
Published: February 2025

Forest areas have recently become increasingly popular for physical activity in society, especially among niche sports enthusiasts. We analysed the attitude of the specific social group of cross-country skiers in Poland to pay for recreation in forest areas using their Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) and Willingness-To-Accept (WTA) declarations, which was endorsed by classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. In January–March 2023, we surveyed 50 (in a pilot study) and 255 (in the main survey) cross-country skiers, of whom 117 declared both their WTP and WTA amounts. The investigated explanatory variables included gender, age, education, residency, employment in the forestry sector, and respondents’ income or engagement in skiing. The average WTP and WTA values equalled PLN 68.6 ± 46.4 and PLN 81.3 ± 59.0/person, respectively. Despite apparent differences in the distribution of the declared WTP and WTA amounts, their medians differed only insignificantly. We found a significant correlation only between the WTP value and respondents’ income per capita, and between WTP and WTA. The CART models showed that WTP and WTA levels depended primarily on the frequency of skiing, with higher values declared by less frequent visitors. At the current respondent income level, the expenses for skiing were related the most to the respondents’ age and the frequency of skiing. In the case of increased income, they were related mostly to the respondents’ age and place of residence. The research provides practical information for forest managers in the field of recreational access to forests for people who spend their time actively in forests.
Performance Comparison of Solid Walls and Porous Fences in Protecting Structures from Firebrand Attack
Authors: Sharifian Ahmad
Published: February 2025

In bushfire-prone regions, solid walls and porous fences are commonly employed as mitigation measures against windblown embers (firebrands). This computational study evaluates and compares the performance of a 2 m high solid wall and a 2 m porous fence (38% porosity) in protecting structures from firebrand showers. Using a numerical model subjected to free-stream velocities of up to 50 m/s, flow patterns and firebrand trajectories were analyzed. The findings indicate that impermeable walls offer superior protection for immediately adjacent structures by deflecting the incident flow upwards, creating a “jump board” effect. However, the deflected flow subsequently reattaches to the ground at a downstream distance, rendering structures further downwind vulnerable to ember attack. The porous fence also exhibits a similar, albeit less pronounced, upward deflection. The simulations reveal minimal flow descent downstream of the fence at lower free-stream velocities, suggesting extended downwind protection. In the immediate downstream vicinity of the porous fence, penetration by small firebrands is possible; however, prior studies have shown that the likelihood of ignition from these embers is minimal and decreases rapidly within a short downstream distance of several metres.
Genome-Wide Identification, Gene Duplication, and Expression Pattern of NPC2 Gene Family in Parnassius glacialis
Authors: Zhu Zhenyao , Su Chengyong , Guo Xuejie , Zhao Youjie , Nie Ruie , He Bo , Hao Jiasheng
Published: February 2025

Background: The Niemann–Pick C2 (NPC2) gene family plays an important role in olfactory communication, immune response, and the recognition of host plants associated with environmental adaptation for insects. Methods: In this study, we conducted a genomic analysis of the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of the NPC2 genes of eleven butterfly species available, focusing on the alpine Parnassius species, especially Parnassius glacialis, to investigate their duplication and expression patterns. Results: Our results indicate that a significant expansion of NPC2 genes was detected in P. glacialis compared to other butterflies; in addition, the expansion of these unevenly distributed P. glacialis NPC2 chromosome genes was shaped by tandem duplication mediated by transposons. Furthermore, the PgNPC2 genes had relatively higher expression in P. glacialis antennae and other head tissues. These facts were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the expansion of NPC2 genes may have contributed to the local adaptation of P. glacialis during its dispersal ‘out of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau’, although further functional tests are needed to confirm their specific role in this adaptive process.
Associating Liver Partition with Portal Vein Ligation and Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS): Feasibility of Performing in Infants with Large Hepatic Tumor—Case Report
Authors: Sretenovic Aleksandar , Nikolic Srdjan , Krstovski Nada , Zdujic Nenad , Slavkovic Milan , Dasic Ivana , Nikolic Dejan
Published: February 2025

Background: Surgical resection remains an important treatment of choice for a large number of liver tumors in children. Sometimes, if a tumor infiltrates a large part of the liver, after resection, the future liver remnant (FLR) is not enough for normal liver function. The size of the FLR is one of the determining factors for resectability as postoperative liver failure (PLF) is the most severe complication after partial hepatectomy. A new strategy for treating marginally resectable liver tumors in adult patients which were initially considered as unresectable was formally reported in 2011. This operative technique is a hepatectomy consisting of two stages with initial portal vein ligation and in situ splitting of the liver parenchyma. In 2012, the acronym “ALPPS” (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) was proposed for this novel technique. However, there is a small number of ALPPS procedures performed in pediatric patients published in the literature. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to present the first case of a pediatric patient with a marginally resectable rhabdoid tumor of the liver which was initially considered unresectable and who was treated with two-stage hepatectomy. We report a case of a 4-month-old girl with a large rhabdoid tumor of the liver who underwent this procedure. Conclusions: ALPPS can be a valuable technique to achieve complete resection of pediatric liver tumors although indications for ALPPS in children still need further research mainly focused on validation of the minimally needed FLR in children undergoing extended liver resections. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient on whom ALPPS was performed, and the only one with a rhabdoid tumor.
The Risk of Pediatric Overweight and Children’s Objectively Measured Sedentary Behaviors and Physical Activity by Area of Residence
Authors: Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M. , Rodrigues Daniela , Nogueira Helena , Gama Augusta , Fernandes Helder Miguel , Neto Antonio Stabelini , Padez Cristina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Research considering objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) and health outcomes among urban children has produced equivocal findings. Therefore, this study was designed (i) to compare MVPA and SB of urban and non-urban children and (ii) to analyze associations between the risk of overweight and MVPA of children by their degree of urbanization. Methods: The sample comprised 389 children (195 girls) aged 6 to 10 years. Measurements for height and weight were taken, followed by the calculation of body mass index (BMI). A motion sensor was employed to gather data on MVPA and SB for 7 days. Urban regions were characterized as areas with a population density exceeding 500 inhabitants per square kilometer or having a total population greater than 50,000. ANOVAs, partial correlations, and logistic regression analysis were used, controlling for potential confounders. Results: After controlling for wearing time and sex, urban children were significantly less active (lower MVPA) than non-urban peers [i.e., urban: 48 min/day vs. 51 min/day (non-urban)]. On the other hand, urban children spent significantly more time on SB than their non-urban counterparts on the weekend and during all assessed days. MVPA was significantly associated with the risk of being overweight at the weekend for both urban and non-urban children. Inspection of the final regression model indicated that urban children who engaged in sedentary behavior for extended periods were at a higher risk of being categorized as overweight. Conclusions: Findings revealed the association between MVPA and the risk of overweight on weekdays was just significant for urban children. The location where a child lives significantly influences their weight status, and therefore, community-based programs [at schools (PE and recess) and after-school (organized sports)] should be developed that encourage active lifestyles tailored to urban environments.
Comparing the Effects of Adequate and Insufficient Sleep on the Mental Health, Behavioral Outcomes, and Daily Lives of South Korean Adolescents
Authors: Kim Sang Mi , Park Hye Seon , Jeong Yeong Mi , Park Catherine
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Adequate sleep is critical for adolescents’ physical and mental health. However, academic demands and lifestyle habits lead to insufficient sleep among many adolescents. This study examined the relationship between sleep patterns and general characteristics, health behaviors, and mental health among South Korean adolescents. Methods: Data were obtained from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, involving 21,283 students aged between 13 and 18 years. Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as adequate (8–10 h) or insufficient (less than 8 h on both weekdays and weekends), and 20 independent variables across demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, health-related behavioral, and psychological factors were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of insufficient sleep. Results: Insufficient sleep was more prevalent among female students (odds ratio [OR]: 2.064) and older students (OR: 16.588 for Grade 12 vs. Grade 7) and was associated with higher stress levels (OR: 4.338 for almost always vs. never), suicidal ideation (OR: 1.826), and unhealthy behaviors such as alcohol consumption (OR: 2.009), smoking (OR: 1.998), and smartphone overdependence (OR: 2.313 for severe vs. normal). In contrast, adolescents with adequate sleep reported greater happiness (OR: 4.167 for very much vs. not at all) and better academic performance (OR: 1.377 for very high vs. very low). Conclusions: The findings show that insufficient sleep significantly affects adolescent well-being, highlighting the need for tailored interventions and increased societal awareness. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying gender differences and weekday–weekend sleep disparities to enhance sleep quality in this population.
Archaeological Ceramic Fabric Attribution Through Material Characterisation—A Case-Study from Vale Pincel I (Sines, Portugal)
Authors: Saraiva Ana S. , Coutinho Mathilda L. , Tavares da Silva Carlos , Soares Joaquina , Duarte Susana , Veiga João Pedro
Published: February 2025

Defining groups of ceramic objects from archaeological excavations is a crucial and primary practice in the study of settlements, providing information related to ceramic technology, provenance, and interactions, among others. This process begins with a macroscopic analysis of each fragment, identifying common features to define ceramic fabrics. Regularly, this procedure requires further analytical techniques to refine the attribution of each ceramic object to the corresponding fabric. The Early Neolithic site of Vale Pincel I in Sines, Portugal, dates to the second and third quarters of the sixth millennium BC. The earliest examples of ceramica impressa, described by patterned impressions on the surface (impresso pottery), in Portugal were found here. These artifacts are indicative of the Western Mediterranean Basin cycle pre-Cardial ceramic tradition. From the numerous Neolithic ceramic fragments discovered at Vale Pincel I, archaeologists identified 42 fragments, categorizing them into 2 main groups (A and B) through visual analysis, while a third group (C) remained unclassified. Group A, thick ceramic body with reddish hues and very friable surfaces; Group B, thin ceramic body with greyish to black shades and a cohesive appearance. With the aim to resolve the classification of group C ceramics, this study uses a multi-analytical methodology, combining Optical Microscopy (OM), Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WD-XRF), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Integrating the analytical data with previously obtained archaeological information, Group C fragments were attributed to Groups A and B, demonstrating the absence of a distinct third group in Vale Pincel I, highlighting the effectiveness of analytical techniques in ceramic studies, and contributing to a deeper understanding of Neolithic ceramic technology in the Western Mediterranean Basin.
Comparison of Identification and Determination of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Selected Red Wines
Authors: Pržić Zoran , Marković Nebojša , Tasić Aleksandra , Nikolić Jelena , Stankov-Jovanović Vesna , Mitić Milan
Published: February 2025

The quantitative composition of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of Serbian and Bulgarian red wines from various vintages were analyzed and compared in this study. Phenolic profiling was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), revealing a total of 29 identified phenolic compounds, including 16 anthocyanins, 7 flavonols, and 6 hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives. The antioxidant potential of the red wines was assessed using four distinct analytical methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric-ion-reducing capacity in the presence of neocuproine (CUPRAC), and total reducing power (TPR). The correlation of the examined results was monitored, and the results showed that the antioxidant qualities of wines are most strongly correlated with the total content of phenols and flavonoids, while the correlations are weakest for their total anthocyanins. Compositions of phenolics varied from 1016 mg/L to 4115 mg/L, while the value of flavanols was in a wide range from 438 mg/L to 2890 mg/L, whereby the average proportion of flavonoids to total phenols was 52.4%. The wine named Ruen 2019 showed the presence of the highest amount of total phenolics and total flavonoids present, followed by Prokupac and Evita cultivars. Of the tested monoglucoside anthocyanins in all wines, malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the most abundant.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Biosynthesis Mechanism of Coixol Under Salicylic Acid Treatment
Authors: Wang Yao , Ye Hanli , Luo Xuqin , Li Ziwei , Zheng Chuanqi , Sun Dali
Published: February 2025

Background: Coix (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is cultivated as medicine and food homologous resources containing various active components. As one of its main ingredients, coixol possesses the biological activities of fever reduction, pain relief, tumor suppression, blood glucose, and pressure decrease. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of coixol in coix is still unclear. Methods: In this study, different dosages of salicylic acid (SA) were applied to coix plants, and the contents of coixol from different parts were detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). The biosynthesis pathway of coixol was determined by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis and the genes were then verified by qRT-PCR. Results: SA treatment significantly increased plant height, root length, and fresh weight and increased the coixol contents in the root, stem, leaf, and seed. In total, eight enzyme-encoding genes were screened out as the key genes in the biosynthesis of coixol. The bioaccumulation of coixol was mainly through benzoxazinoid biosynthetic metabolic pathway (ko00402). Conclusions: These findings not only pointed the way for increasing the content of coixol in cultivation but also provided a reference for further elucidation of the gene functions involved in the bioaccumulation of coixol.
Trends in and Risk Factors for Bicycle-Related Mortality in an Ageing Cycling-Centric Country: Analysis of Japanese Administrative Data
Authors: Tanaka Sayo , Shimizu Keiki , Gilmour Stuart
Published: February 2025

Japan has the most ageing population in the world with a high population of bicycle users, and the percentage of older cyclists continues to grow as the population ages. At the same time, the proportion of bicycle-related collisions is increasing. The aim of this study is to analyse trends and risk factors for bicycle injuries and deaths in Japan in order to suggest preventive measures, using data from vital statistics and the National Police Agency to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR), age-standardised mortality rates, and annual percent changes, by ten-year-interval age groups. Data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank was analysed for demographic information about injuries. The risk of casualties was high in the younger generation and lower in the older population. However, the risk of mortality increased rapidly with age, with people over 70 years old facing more than 10 times the risk of younger age groups (IRR = 12.62). Casualty and mortality rates were declining in all age groups until the year 2020 (range: −9.77% to −4.95%, −8.61% to −1.07%, respectively). However, lethality of bicycle collisions showed no significant reduction. Current methods have not been effective in reducing bicycle-related lethality in Japan, especially for the older population, and should be improved to ensure that bicycle transportation is safe for all road users.
cDNA Cloning, Bioinformatics, and Expression Analysis of ApsANS in Acer pseudosieboldianum
Authors: Li Mingrui , Weng Zhuo , Gong Zihan , Li Xiaoyu , Ye Jiayi , Gao Yufu , Rong Liping
Published: February 2025

Anthocyanin synthetase (ANS), a key enzyme in the final step of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, catalyzes the conversion of leucoanthocyanidins to anthocyanins. In this study, an ANS structural protein (TRINITY_DN18024_c0_g1) was found to be associated with anthocyanin accumulation in Acer pseudosieboldianum leaves, named ApsANS. Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR analysis revealed that the expression of ApsANS was significantly higher in red-leaved (variant) than green-leaved (wild-type) strains, which was consistent with the transcriptome data. The UPLC results showed that the cyanidin metabolites may be the key substance influencing the final color formation of Acer pseudosieboldianum. The ApsANS gene was cloned and analyzed through bioinformatics analysis. ApsANS has a total length of 1371 bp, and it encodes 360 amino acids. Analysis of the structural domain of the ApsANS protein revealed that ApsANS contains a PcbC functional domain. Protein secondary structure predictions indicate that α-helix, irregularly coiled, and extended chains are the major building blocks. Subcellular localization predicted that ApsANS might be localized in the nucleus. The phylogenetic tree revealed that ApsANS is relatively closely related to ApANS in Acer palmatum. The prediction of miRNA showed that the ApsANS gene is regulated by miR6200. This study provides a theoretical reference for further analyzing the regulatory mechanism of leaf color formation in Acer pseudosieboldianum.