bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Repetitive Recycling on the Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Blends Based on Material Value Conservation Paradigm
Authors: Gabriel Djoko Sihono , Ananditto Angga
Published: November 2020

Contaminated plastic waste if undergo a mechanical recycling process will have a low value. This can be overcome by repetitive implementation of Material Value Conservation (MVC) through material purity protection from design stage to the end of the material life cycle. Repetition of recycling up to eight times caused degradation of mechanical properties of plastics by up to 20%. The repetition was done on a laboratory scale with pure polypropylene as raw material. This research was conducted to overcome the degradation of plastic properties by mixing recycled plastic pellets with virgin plastic in the most optimal proportion. Plastic blends with certain compositions were recycled up to 8 times, then its mechanical properties are tested with the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. This research revealed the opportunities to utilize the 6th recycled plastic pellets by mixing it with virgin plastic to improve its mechanical properties. Furthermore, this research shows that repetitive recycling of plastic blends with the implementation of material value conservation (MVC) ​​could increase the value of recycled plastic pellets as raw materials and extend the life time of plastic materials.
Mechanical Properties Improvement of Recycled Polypropylene with Material Value Conservation Schemes Using Virgin Plastic Blends
Authors: Gabriel Djoko Sihono , Tiana Afifah Nadia
Published: November 2020

Plastic packaging that applied material value conservation paradigm will generate good quality plastic waste. It can be recycled to produce raw material for new packaging. However, repetitive recycling has impacts on lowering its mechanical properties. Recycled plastic is expected not to undergo mechanical properties degradation. This research proposed to blend recycled plastic pellets with its virgin plastic to reduce mechanical properties degradation. Mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene are compared to 100% virgin polypropylene and recycled/virgin polypropylene blends with composition 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, and 10/90. Mechanical properties tested in this research are modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, elongation at break, and density. All were tested according to ASTM for mechanical properties testing materials. This study revealed blending 50% virgin polypropylene significantly improves mechanical properties of recycled plastics and keep improving at 70% virgin polypropylene. The optimum improvement based on four mechanical properties was found at composition 30/70 of recycled/virgin plastic. Elongation at break is the most critical property where degradation was found at 90/10. Blending 6th recycled and virgin polypropylene gives opportunities to improve the mechanical properties of recycled plastic products with careful consideration of the compositions. By implementing material value conservation, good quality plastic waste can be recycled repetitively. This will decrease accumulation of plastic waste generation and usage of non-renewable plastic’s raw material. The positive impact is not only to economic of plastic industry but also to the quality of environment.
An Overview of Buckling, Burst and Corrosion Analyses on Pre-Stressed Thermosetting Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubular Structures
Authors: Nordin Nur Naqiuddin Mdd , Ahmad Zaini , Abdullah Syed Idros Syed , Ahmad Zair Asrar
Published: November 2020

Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) tubular structures can withstand the hydrostatic forces by positioning the fibers in the tangential direction to increase the hoop strength, making the GFRP tubular structures anisotropically stronger than its metal counterparts. However, there are more underlying factors to be considered for GFRP to be the alternative to metallic structures. The paper aims to study the buckling, burst and corrosion analyses for pre-stressed GFRP tubular structures for aboveground, underground and subsea environments in both horizontal and vertical applications. The effects of increased stiffness from the pre-stressed structures on crack angle and length are studied in depth along with the effect of wall thickness and curing effect on the structural integrity. Moreover, the seawater and chemical corrosion effects on the impact resistance of thermosetting structures are investigated.
Development of Waterproof Papers from Water Hyacinth Fibers Modified by Polylactide
Authors: Wutisart Thitipong
Published: November 2020

Paper made from water hyacinth which was modified by PLA solvent coating and the PLA content were varied for finding the most appropriate content. The SEM images of both surface and cross section were carried out for showing the interaction between the water hyacinth paper and PLA film. The water barrier properties of PLA content at 0.4 % (W/V) and 0.6 % (W/V) showed the hydrophobic properties of water hyacinth paper. The modified water hyacinth paper could resist water being indicated by water absorption which was over 90 minute/5µL in any PLA content.
Demographic Variables Associated with Covid-19 Mortality
Authors: Madrazo Cabo José Manuel , Monter Valera Nuvia Adriana , Hernández Sánchez Edith Jocelyn , Ruiz Sánchez Mariola , Sánchez Machorro Gabriela , Kurezyn Díaz Crishelen
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Covid-19 is a betacoronavirus that was initially transmitted to humans from an animal host. It enters the cell by binding its protein S with angiotensin-converted enzyme receptors. It is transmitted through direct contact and respiratory drops. The most affected population so far are older adults and people with chronic conditions. The objective of this research is to analyze the possible association between the structure of the population pyramid, the Gross Domestic Product, the type of isolation and screening used to detect Covid-19 in the countries with the highest and lowest mortality from this disease.

Design and methods

Some variables take part in the Covid- 19 mortality worldwide, such as the population structure, expressed in the population pyramid by country, the type of isolation adopted in each nation, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the type of screening that is implemented in the different countries analyzed.

Results

After analyzing the mean difference in the countries with a regressive and progressive population pyramid, an association was identified between the regressive population pyramid structure and the higher mortality rate (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The countries with a progressive population pyramid are the most benefited by making their population more screened since the mortality rate decreases significantly compared to the countries with less attribution (p<0.036).
The use of the condom to protect against the transmission of HIV in prisons
Authors: Woodall G. J.
Published: November 2020

This article rose as a response to a practical moral question about whether or not condoms ought to be distributed to inmates in prisons of England and Wales to protect those who indulge in homosexual, genital encounter from the danger of contagion from the HIV virus. The suggestion has been made that doctors in prison should distribute condoms to those who ask for them.

The analysis offered here examines a number of presuppositions, some of which are articulated and expressively embraced, others which remains tacit, perhaps never seriously entertained.

The former includes the efficacy of the condom as a protection against the transmission of the virus through genital encounter, the notion that the role of the State does not extend to interference in the sphere of private morality, and, more explicit in an initial response to the proposal, that people’s consciences ought to be respected. The latter include the opinion that there is, nevertheless, a responsibility attaching to prison authorities for the well-being of inmates, if only to protect them from contagion, that sexuality is a matter of merely private morality, that morality concerns what is consequential upon deliberate action, but not a question of intrinsic good or evil.

It si argued here that the degree of protection afforded by the condom is over-estimated, that the implicit function of the State and of prisons is to foster the common good, and that this entails a duty of care for prisoners, especially for the weakest and most vulnerable. Although a thorough-going reform of prisoners is not the direct responsibility of prison authorities, it is argued that there is an obligation not to damage them or to facilitate such damage. The impact of what is contemplated upon family and upon society is considered. The proposal envisaged would seem to threaten the well-being of inmates, the stability of prisons, the institution of marriage, and the likelihood of an eventual, successful rehabilitation of prisoners into society.

To foment a practice which is intrinsically immoral cannot be justified, it is claimed here, even were the lesser evil argument can be invoked. Rights of the conscience and the correlative duty to respect conscience do not legitimate practices which are of their nature wrong. It is argued that the adoption of the policy proposed by bodies with a duty to the State and to society for the common good would in fact undermine the common good by facilitating what is scandalous.
Ma esiste il terzo sesso?
Authors: D’Onofrio F. , De Fanis U.
Published: November 2020

La diffusione dell’omosessualità, specie in questi ultimi decenni, ha richiamato l’attenzione di molti ricercatori che hanno formulato varie ipotesi per spiegare la sua genesi.

La teoria psicoanalitica sostiene che l’omosessualità sarebbe un disturbo acquisito della pulsione sessuale.

Invece, secondo la teoria biologica, vi sarebbero meccanismi organici e genetici alla base dell’omosessualità. Infatti alcuni studi avrebbero evidenziato differenze anatomiche tra il cervello degli eterosessuali e quello degli omosessuali ed inoltre sarebbe stata evidenziata una ricorrenza familiare dell’omosessualità.

Tuttavia, l’ipotesi biologica è stata contestata da diversi studi che non solo non hanno riscontrato differenze sostanziali tra il cervello di omosessuali e quello degli eterosessuali, ma hanno anche sottolineato il fatto che i pochi soggetti esaminati erano affetti da AIDS e sottoposti a lunghi periodi di terapie ormonali. Inoltre, il mancato riscontro di sequenze geniche alterate nonché i metodi utilizzati per la ricerca di coppie di fratelli omosessuali, sono le principali contestazioni mosse all’origine genetica dell’omosessualità.

Il problema dell’omosessualità, in attesa di altre ricerche, deve ancora essere considerato come una scelta individuale di orientamento sessuale condizionato da esperienze maturate per lo più nell’ambito familiare e relazionale favorita da una cultura permissivistica e non come una scelta obbligata condizionata da variazioni anatomiche e genetiche.
Diritti umani e bioetica
Authors: Sgreccia Elio , Casini Marina
Published: November 2020

Esiste un legame tra la riflessione sulla bioetica e quella sui diritti umani?

Lo scritto muove da questo interrogativo per giungere dopo un’articolata analisi alla conclusione che il limpido e chiaro riconoscimento della dignità e del conseguente diritto alla vita di ogni essere umano a partire dalla fecondazione costituisce terreno e presupposto comune delle due discipline e, allo stesso tempo, è ciò che consente loro di non navigare verso le derive individualistiche dell’utilitarismo e del relativismo etico.

L’analisi del rapporto fra diritti umani e bioetica parte da un dato storico e cioè dalla svolta che il processo di Norimberga e la Dichiarazione Universale dei diritti dell’uomo hanno impresso nel cammino dell’umanità. Questa nuova tappa accompagna gli albori del “filone giuridico-normativo della bioetica” che nel corso degli anni assumerà sempre maggior consistenza, tanto da sfociare in un autonomo campo di riflessione noto sotto il nome di “biodiritto” o “biogiuridica”. A riguardo l’articolo presenta una disamina ricognitiva (non esente da osservazioni di tipo valutativo) dei principali documenti giuridici nazionali e internazionali che si occupano di “questioni di bioetica”. Dal ricco affresco di questi emerge da un lato la constatazione di un rapporto che esprime la necessità di un’integrazione fra diritti umani e bioetica, dall’altro l’urgenza di dare un solido ed autentico fondamento agli uni e all’altra. È questa una problematica di cruciale importanza, perché sia i diritti umani che la bioetica risentono di una crisi metafisica tanto più evidente e acuta quanto più ci si avvicina ai momenti di maggiore precarietà e debolezza dell’esistenza umana, nei quali la vita umana “è”, semplicemente “è”. In questo senso, l’embrione umano è l’emblema di ogni povertà ed emarginazione. La via d’uscita dalla “crisi” e dunque la ricerca del fondamento - sia per i diritti umani che per la bioetica - va trovata all luce della dignità umana, sempre presente con la stessa forza e intensità in tutti e in ciascuno, da rispettare e promuovere in primo luogo nel rispetto e nella promozione del diritto ad esistere che della dignità è la prima manifestazione, la più immediata concretizzazione.
Quando inizia ad esistere l’individuo umano?
Authors: Bozzato Gianni
Published: November 2020

Nel saggio sono posti in rilievo i seguenti principali aspetti di ordine biologico che contrastano con le argomentazioni sostenute da N. M. Ford nel suo libro When did I begin?

1) Nel cosiddetto pre-embrione, le cellule non sono totipotenti. (Ossia, non sono in grado di esprimere la totipotenza residua nucleare e cioè produrre altrettanti pre-embrioni. Nel presente articolo l’analisi della questione riguardante la totipotenza del pre-embrione, delle sue cellule o del loro nucleo viene soltanto appena accennata). La possibilità che il pre-embrione (individuo originario) dia origine a più gemelli monozigoti c. d. “identici” non è la conseguenza della totipotenza delle cellule, ma del loro distacco fisico dal pre-embrione, oppure della loro semplice “separazione/isolamento” dal suo schema di organizzazione dell’espressione genica del DNA (schema di OEG-DNA). 2) Le cellule del pre-embrione, inoltre, sono “identiche e indiscernibili” soltanto dal punto di vista genetico (genotipico), ma non da quello biologico (fenotipico). Anche dal punto di vista biologico (v. schema di OEG-DNA) il pre-embrione non è un semplice aggregato di cellule individuali, ma è una unità integrata e cioè un sistema individuale di cellule che possiede già una sua identità biologica, dunque ontologica. 3) Durante lo sviluppo, le cosiddette fasi (o stadi) e le forme anatomiche dell’embrione sono sempre precedute e prodotte da forme temporali (schemi di processi biochimici). Pertanto, sempre dal punto di vista dell’identità biologica (e ontologica), lo zigote (o il pre-embrione), anche nel caso di successiva gemellazione, è già un individuo umano in sviluppo (in atto) molto tempo prima che “appaia” - all’osservatore - un indizio “visibile” della sua forma anatomica individuale; dunque, ancor prima della “comparsa” della stria primitiva. 4) Proprio per il fatto che l’identità biologica dell’individuo umano non corrisponde alla sua identità genetica (ovvero il genotipo non è il fenotipo), i gemelli c. d. “identici” non sono mai veramente identici tra loro; essi sono sempre diversi fin dall’inizio del loro sviluppo, il quale avviene per biforcazione (una rottura di simmetria) dello schema di OEG-DNA dell’individuo pre-embrione originario. Lo studio della conformazione delle loro membrane fetali ci consente, infatti, di dedurre e di affermare che essi sono già in formazione (in atto) molto tempo prima della comparsa della stria primitiva e, in quanto biologicamente diversi, che sono già distinti; dunque, potenzialmente discernibili.
Adding Mindfulness Practice to Exercise Therapy for Female Recreational Runners With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bagheri Shahabeddin , Naderi Aynollah , Mirali Samira , Calmeiro Luís , Brewer Britton W.
Published: November 2020

Context

Considering current models that highlight the role of psychological components in pain management, mindfulness practice may be an effective strategy in the management of pain.

Objective

To examine the effects of adding an 8-week mindfulness program to exercise therapy on the perceptions of pain severity, knee function, fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing of female recreational runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Design

Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty female runners (age = 28.3 ± 7.08 years) with PFP were randomly assigned to the exercise or mindfulness-exercise group.

Intervention(s)

The exercise-only group followed a protocol (18 weeks, 3 sessions/wk) that featured training modifications to help control injury-related symptoms. The mindfulness-exercise group received an 8-week mindfulness intervention in addition to the exercise protocol. The mindfulness component started 4 weeks before the exercise component; therefore, the 2 components overlapped during the first 4 weeks of the intervention.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Usual pain, pain during stepping, and pain during running were assessed using visual analog scales. Functional limitations of the knee were assessed using the Knee Outcome Survey. Fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, and coping strategies were measured via the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, respectively. These outcomes were assessed at baseline, at week 9, and after 18 weeks.

Results

Pain during running, pain during stepping, and functional limitations of the knee were less for the mindfulness-exercise group than for the exercise-only group (P values < .05). The mindfulness-exercise group reported greater perceived treatment effects than the exercise-only group (P < .05). Pain catastrophizing was less and coping strategies were more favorable for mindfulness-exercise participants than for exercise-only participants (P values < .05).

Conclusions

Mindfulness practice can be an effective adjunct to exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of PFP in recreational female runners.
Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Improving the Hydration Status of Female Collegiate Indoor-Sport Athletes
Authors: Abbasi Isabella S. , Lopez Rebecca M. , Kuo Yi-Tzu , Shapiro B. Sue
Published: November 2020

Context

Research focusing on improving hydration status and knowledge in female indoor-sport athletes is limited. Investigators have demonstrated that hydration education is an optimal tool for improving the hydration status of athletes.

Objective

To assess the hydration status and fluid intake of collegiate female indoor-sport athletes before and after a 1-time educational intervention.

Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Setting

Collegiate women's volleyball and basketball practices.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 25 female collegiate volleyball and basketball athletes (age = 21 ± 1 years, height = 173.5 ± 8.7 cm, weight = 72.1 ± 10.0 kg) were assessed during 6 days of practices.

Intervention(s)

Participants' hydration status and habits were monitored for 3 practice days before they underwent a hydration educational intervention. Postintervention, participants were observed for 3 more practice days.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Change in body mass, fluid consumed, urine specific gravity (Usg), urine color (Ucol), and sweat rate were recorded for 6 practice days. Participants completed a hydration-knowledge questionnaire before and after the intervention.

Results

Three-day mean Usg and Ucol were considered euhydrated prepractice (Usg = 1.015 ± 0.006, Ucol = 4 ± 1) and remained euhydrated postpractice (Usg = 1.019 ± 0.005, Ucol = 5 ± 2) during the preintervention period. Decreased prepractice Ucol (P < .01) and increased hydration knowledge (P < .01) were present postintervention. Basketball athletes had greater body mass losses from prepractice to postpractice than did volleyball athletes (P < .001). Overall increases were evident when we compared prepractice and postpractice measures of Usg and Ucol in the preintervention (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively) and postintervention (P = .001 and P < .001) period, respectively. No correlation was found between hydration knowledge and physiological indices of hydration and fluid intake.

Conclusions

Overall, female collegiate indoor-sport athletes were hydrated and knowledgeable on hydration. However, our variable findings indicated that further research on these athletes is needed; clinically, attention should be given to the individual needs of each athlete. More examination will demonstrate whether a 1-time educational intervention may be an effective tool for improving hydration status in this population.
Primary leiomyosarcoma kidney – A rare entity with a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Chaudhary Dimple , Rath Ashutosh , Mandal Shramana , Khurana Nita , Agarwal P. N.
Published: November 2020

Primary leiomyosarcoma kidney is a rare tumor with an aggressive nature. Leiomyosarcoma is one of the common histologic types of the sarcomas, comprising 60% of all sarcomas. Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is a close differential of renal leiomyosarcoma as both tumors have spindle-shaped cells. The former has a more pleomorphic character with nuclear grade four, which can be differentiated on the basis of immunohistochemistry. Hence, the diagnosis of primary renal leiomyosarcoma poses a diagnostic challenge. One such case of renal leiomyosarcoma in a 45-year-old male is being discussed here.
Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland with neuroendocrine differentiation
Authors: Rath Ashutosh , Tomar Reena , Agarwal Radhika , Singh Meeta , Jain Shyama , Khurana Nita , Rathore Praveen Kumar
Published: November 2020

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant salivary gland tumor characterized by tumor cells displaying acinar features. Usually presenting as a slow-growing tumor, ACC, however, may show dedifferentiation to a higher grade including neuroendocrine carcinoma. In addition, ACC may rarely show focal neuroendocrine differentiation without any frank evidence of neuroendocrine carcinoma. We describe such a case of ACC of the parotid gland in a 65-year-old female, which showed neuroendocrine differentiation. The diagnostic clues, immunohistochemistry panel, and prognostic and treatment aspects are also presented.
Penyuluhan Teknik Pengolahan Urea Mineral Mollases Blok di Kelompok Ternak Sumber Rezeki Karya Tani Kecamatan Landasan Ulin Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Wati Siti Dharma , Sugiarti Sugiarti , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT 

The partners involved in Community Service (P2M) is the Sumber Rezeki Karya Tani Farmer Groups based in the Landasan Ulin Timur Subdistrict, Landasan Ulin Subdistrict, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan. The problems faced by the farmers' group are: (1) Farmers are very dependent on the availability of forage feed, but the availability is restricted and not proportional to the amount of feed consumption per cow, which is a lot (10% of body weight). (2) Lack of dissemination and innovation by farmers to utilize and process local feed ingredients and waste feed. (3) In general, farmers do not provide supplements to cattle to promote growth. Due to these conditions, the beef cattle fattening period becomes longer (> 6 months). The purpose of this activity is to help cattle farmers to increase their productivity by utilizing the feed-materials and processed materials in the form of urea molasses mineral block. The method of activities includes the provision of materials and hands-on practice of making urea molasses mineral block (UMMB). At the end of the activity, an evaluation was conducted on the Farmer Group. Results of activities The evaluation showed that 90-100% of the members of the farmer group played an active role during the activity, 75-85% understood how to properly process the mineral urea block molasses, and 50% planned to continue implementing the UMMB technology.

Keywords: Processing, Feed; Landasan Ulin Timur; Banjarbaru

 

ABSTRAK 

Mitra yang dilibatkan pada Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (P2M) adalah Kelompok Tani Sumber Rezeki Karya Tani berdomisili di Kelurahan Landasan Ulin Timur, Kecamatan Landasan Ulin, Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah: (1) Peternak sangat tergantung dengan ketersediaan pakan hijauan namun ketersediaannya sangat terbatas dan tidak sebanding dengan jumlah konsumsi pakan per ekor sapi yang cukup tinggi (10% dari berat badan). (2) Kurangnya diseminasi dan inovasi peternak untuk memanfaatkan dan mengolah bahan-bahan pakan lokal dan pakan limbah. (3) Pada umumnya peternak tidak memberi suplemen pada sapi untuk pemacu pertumbuhan sehingga dengan kondisi tersebut masa penggemukkan sapi potong menjadi lebih lama (> 6 bulan). Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah membantu peternak untuk meningkatkan produktivitas sapi dengan memanfaatkan bahan–bahan pakan dan diolah dalam bentuk urea mineral molases blok (UMMB). Metode kegiatan meliputi pemberian materi dan praktek langsung pembuatan UMMB kemudian pada akhir kegiatan dilakukan evaluasi pada kelompok tani. Hasil kegiatan adalah 90-100% dari anggota kelompok tani berperan aktif selama kegiatan berlangsung, 75-85 % memahami cara pengolahan UMMB dengan baik dan 50% berencana melanjutkan penerapan teknologi UMMB tersebut.

Kata Kunci: Pengolahan; Pakan; Landasan Ulin Timur; Banjarbaru
Pengenalan, Penyuluhan, dan Pemantauan Pentingnya Higiene Sanitasi Terhadap Penyakit Salmonellosis pada Kelompok Budidaya Ikan Bandeng di Segorotambak, Sedati, Sidoarjo
Authors: Wibisono Freshinta Jellia , Wibisono Freegied Satriya
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT 

Sidoarjo Regency has the highest potential in milkfish aquaculture ponds. The maintenance of healthy milkfish requires clean and uncontaminated water and ponds, so sanitation efforts are pivotal in the management of milkfish cultivation. Milkfish is sensitive to Salmonella Spp. This service activity is carried out in several stages, namely 1) survey and filling in the questionnaire, 2) counseling activities, and lastly, 3) monitoring and evaluation. This community service was carried out to 3 groups of the milkfish cultivation community, namely the Mina Sentosa Segorotambak Group, Tumbuh Jaya Segorotambak, and Tumbuh Makmur Segorotambak Group. The results of the community service activities show that overall the milkfish farmers in Segorotambak Village have an understanding of hygiene (77,78%), sanitation (72,22%), but overall respondents gave the answer that respondents did not know about salmonellosis (100%). Salmonella spp. can survive in water contaminated with human or animal fecal matter. The importance of awareness in maintaining hygiene and sanitation needs to be understood by milkfish pond farmers to prevent the incidence of salmonellosis. Communication, information, and education on the relationship between hygiene and sanitation and contamination against salmonellosis in the community are of the utmost importance. 

Keywords: Higiene; Milkfish; Sanitation; Salmonella spp; Salmonellosis

 

ABSTRAK    

Kabupaten Sidoarjo memiliki potensi tertinggi pada tambak budidaya ikan bandeng. Pemeliharaan ikan bandeng yang sehat mensyaratkan air dan tambak yang bersih serta tidak tercemar, sehingga diperlukan upaya higiene sanitasi pada pengelolaan budidaya ikan bandeng. Ikan bandeng peka terhadap cemaran bakteri Salmonella Spp. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu 1) survei dan pengisian kuesioner, 2) kegiatan penyuluhan, dan 3) pemantauan evaluasi. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan pada 3 kelompok masyarakat budidaya bandeng yaitu Kelompok Mina Sentosa Segorotambak, Tumbuh Jaya Segorotambak, dan Tumbuh Makmur Segorotambak. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan pembudidaya tambak ikan bandeng di Desa Segorotambak, memiliki pemahaman terhadap higiene (77,78%), sanitasi (72,22%) namun secara keseluruhan responden memberikan jawaban bahwa responden belum mengetahui mengenai penyakit salmonellosis (100%). Bakteri Salmonella spp. dapat bertahan pada air yang tercemar feses manusia atau hewan penderita. Pentingnya kesadaran dalam menjaga higiene sanitasi perlu dipahami oleh pembudidaya tambak ikan bandeng untuk mencegah kejadian penyakit salmonellosis. Komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi pada mengenai hubungan higiene sanitasi dengan cemaran terhadap penyakit salmonellosis pada masyarakat sangat perlu untuk dilakukan. 

Kata Kunci : Bandeng; Higiene; Sanitasi; Salmonella spp; Salmonellosis
Human babesiosis in western-Venezuela. Case Reports
Authors: Añez Néstor , Rojas Agustina , Crisante Gladys , Abelló Juan , Zambrano Carlos , Quiñonez Magaly
Published: November 2020

La babesiosis es una infección de distribución mundial transmitida por garrapatas infectadas por parásitos del género
Babesia, los cuales invaden y destruyen eritrocitos provocando cuadros clínicos severos que afectan animales y
ocasionalmente al hombre. En el presente artículo se reportan dos casos de babesiosis humana provenientes de
localidades rurales de los estados Mérida y Zulia, en la zona sur del Lago de Maracaibo. Ambos casos diagnosticados
se orientaron por su perfil clínico y utilizando técnicas parasitológicas (observaciones microscópicas en extendidos
de muestras de sangre periférica coloreadas con Giemsa) y moleculares (ensayos de PCR). Sin embargo, se refiere
una demora en producir el diagnóstico específico debido a estos factores: inespecificidad de síntomas detectados
clínicamente en pacientes inmunocompetentes, previa confusión diagnóstica por similitud con parásitos maláricos
en un centro de salud público. La detección e identificación específica de Babesia como causa de la observada
condición clínica, permitió establecer el tratamiento exitoso de ambos pacientes, quienes recobraron funciones
normales recibiendo el alta-clínica. Se discute las implicaciones epidemiológicas del surgimiento de la babesiosis en
la región, y se sugiere su inclusión en la lista de enfermedades de notificación obligada estableciéndose, de igual
manera, la obligatoriedad del diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes febriles inmunocomprometidos. Para nuestro
conocimiento, este es el primer estudio sobre detección de babesiosis humana en el occidente de Venezuela.
Leadership & Diversity: Synergistic Cross-culturalism
Authors: Bassett Pierce
Published: November 2020

As the harbinger of change, globalization has led to increased demand for leaders who exhibit a broad range of competencies. The required nature of cross-cultural interaction has emerged as an area of major importance for leaders within the private and public sectors. Leaders in distinct roles and sectors are likely to find themselves in situations where they must navigate a range of contrasting cultures while learning to cooperate with others from diverse backgrounds. To adequately equip leaders from divergent fields, it is quintessential to have a firm understanding of six key areas of cross-cultural synergism and leadership: approaches to conflict and conflict resolution, communication styles, decision-making, task completion, levels of disclosure, and epistemological approaches. This article describes each of these areas and explains the ways in which it is imperative for future leaders to succeed.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN BAMBU MENJADI KERAJINAN BERNILAI TINGGI
Authors: Fajar Najmiatul , Irhash Putra Aidhya , Helmita Roza , Sari Maya , Idrus Hadiyati , Haris Venny
Published: November 2020

economy to the community is an activity that can be done in order to increase public knowledge. Theabundance of bamboo plants in Nagari Kumanis is one of the local potentials that can be used to beprocessed into more useful goods. The purpose of this empowerment is to train the community inprocessing bamboo into high-value crafts so that it is expected to be a new source of economicincome for the community. Participants of this activity are the people of Nagari Kumanis, SumpurKudus District, Sijunjung Regency, a maximum of 20 (twenty) people. There are also stages in thisempowerment are as follows: Stages of preparation that is preparing training materials, which include:papers and modules for activities. Implementation stages are carried out as follows: Techniques todetermine the type of bamboo that can be used for crafts, Techniques for pre-treatment bamboobefore being processed into handicrafts, Techniques for making bamboo into handicrafts (ships andpen holders). The results of the evaluation of empowerment activities can be seen in the aspect ofachieving the training objectives and also the organization of the training. The results of thisempowerment are the enthusiasm of the community during the empowerment took place as well asthe existence of bamboo crafts, which can be utilized by the community itself and to improve thecreative economy.
Complexity Measures for Normal and Epileptic EEG Signals using ApEn, SampEn and SEN
Authors: Kumar Yatindra , Dewal M. L.
Published: November 2020

There are numerous applications of EEG signal processing such as monitoring alertness, coma, and brain death, controlling an aesthesia, investigating epilepsy and locating seizure origin, testing epilepsy drug effects, monitoring the brain development, and investigating mental disorders; where data size is too long and requires long time to observe the data by clinician or neurologist. EEG signal processing techniques can be used effectively in such applications. The configuration of the signal waveform may contain valuable and useful information about the different state of the brain since biological signal is highly random in both time and frequency domain. Thus computerized analysis is necessary. Being a non-stationary signal, suitable analysis is essential for EEG to differentiate the normal EEG and epileptic seizures. The importance of entropy based features to recognize the normal EEGs, and ictal as well as interictal epileptic seizures. Three features, such as, Approximate entropy, Sample entropy, and Spectral entropy are used to take out the quantitative entropy features from the given EEG time series data of various time frames of 0.88s, and 1s .Average value of entropies for epileptic time series is less than non epileptic time series.
Extending Uml for Multidimensional Modeling in Data Warehouse
Authors: Dhawan Bakul , Gosain Anjana
Published: November 2020

Multidimensional modeling is the foundation of data warehouses, MD databases, and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) applications. Nowadays Dimensional modeling and object-orientation are becoming growing interest areas. In the past few years; there have been many proposals, for representing the MD properties at the conceptual level. However, none of them has been accepted as a standard for conceptual MD modeling. In this paper, we present an extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) using a UML profile for multidimensional databases. This profile is composed of a set of stereotypes, constraints and tagged values. We have extended the uml for representing the main multidimensional properties at the conceptual level such as the many-to-many relationships between facts and dimensions, degenerate dimensions, multiple and alternative path classification hierarchies, and nonstrict and complete hierarchies and aggregate fact table.
Protest Wave and Countermeasures of Fear: Lebanese Act of a Global Drama
Authors: Sarabiev A. V.
Published: November 2020

The paper examines the dynamics of social protests in Lebanon from October 2019 till March-May 2020 when the government imposed unprecedentedly rigorous restrictive measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 infection. The paper identiﬁes the underlying causes of the protests. The author stresses that from the very beginning socio-economic demands of protestors addressed to the executive power (particularly, to grapple with the rising income inequality) were accompanied by calls for democratization on the secular principles and elimination of political confessionalism. At the same time, the author outlines certain speciﬁcs of popular uprisings in Lebanon that distinguish them from simultaneous protests in other countries, namely their supra-ethnic, supra-religious and non-partisan character and their remarkable coherence and coordination, given the lack of overall leadership. The author emphasizes that the subsequent change of government has not brought, however, signiﬁcant changes the protestors hoped for. The new Cabinet was not free from traditional confessional and political bias, whereas legal and administrative measures undertaken by the new government to combat the pandemic were, apparently, also aimed at ‘freezing’ the current situation favorable for both the parliamentary majority and the government. In particular, the recent laws and regulations reﬂect the Government’s desire to prevent the resumption of protests equivalent to those of the fall of 2019. All these measures did not face serious resistance, even though the economic situation of the population has worsened, and many people have lost their livelihoods. However, the fear of the COVID-19 has proved to be a more eﬃcient means of preventing protests than any punitive measure. The author concludes that the dynamics of inter-party competition even under strict quasi-quarantine measures shows that the hopes of protestors for a genuine transition from a traditional clan and confessional structure of the Lebanese political system to the standards and principles of a developed democracy proved futile.
The Marshall Plan and the European Integration: The Stance of Great Britain and France (1947–1948)
Authors: Falaleev P. I.
Published: November 2020

The development and implementation of the Marshall Plan has been studied quite thoroughly in both Russian and foreign academic literature. Nevertheless, certain aspects of this problematique require further examination, particularly the reaction of the Western European countries to the initiative of the Secretary of State G. Marshall, as well as the impact of the Plan on the process of the European integration in general. The paper demonstrates that this reaction was far from simple and often contradictory since the key Western states had very diﬀerent views on the future of mutual relations, as well as on the prospects for post-war recovery and development of Europe. The paper examines the evolution of the French and British leaders’ views on these issues from the ﬁrst discussions of the projects to provide US aid to Western Europe to the implementation of the Marshall Plan. The negotiations revealed signiﬁcant points of disagreement among the parties particularly regarding the relations with the USSR, the German question, and conditions for receiving assistance from the United States. The author stresses that the need to defend their interests during the course of negotiations with the US representatives contributed greatly to the rapprochement of Britain and France and, at the same time, catalyzed debates on the integration of Western Europe. In this regard the author emphasizes that the idea of regional economic integration received mixed reaction in the American elites. While some considered this process as an eﬀective means of bringing the Western countries together, particularly, over the German question, others feared that integration of Western Europe could potentially lead to the emergence of a new competitor to the USA. The author concludes that the growing popularity of integration projects in Europe in 1947–1948 stemmed from a range of factors, including both a combination of internal European political processes and short-term and long-term consequences of the Marshall Plan. Whereas in terms of economic development of Western Europe the latter were rather ambiguous and are still the subject of controversy, in terms of world politics the Marshall Plan exacerbated block-to-block confrontation in Europe, characteristic of the Cold War period.
Lessons of World War II and Strategic Planning of the Big Three (1945–1949)
Authors: Magadeev I. E.
Published: November 2020

The paper examines how military and political leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States and Great Britain assessed in the ﬁrst post-war years and in the face of emerging bipolar world order the lessons of World War II, how the latter inﬂuenced their strategic planning and forecasts with the emergence of nuclear weapons. The author outlines the key features of this period (1945–1949), including still fresh memories of the unprecedented destruction and losses of the past war, the US ‘nuclear monopoly’, and the absence of a system for nuclear deterrence. The paper provides a systematic comparison of lessons from the past war, learnt by the Soviet, the US and British establishment, identiﬁes similarities and diﬀerences between them. The author concludes that WWII was perceived by the political and military leaders of that time as a model of the eventual ‘great war’ in the future, which almost certainly would be ‘total’ and ‘global’ in scope and would demand both thorough preparations during the peacetime and the militarization of civil life. Indeed, the experience of WWII had greatly inﬂuenced the strategic and operational planning in the USSR, the USA and Great Britain in 1945–1949. Moscow prepared to face the potential aggression on its Western borders or in the Far East in order to avoid the mistakes of 1941. In Washington the decisionmakers acknowledged the Soviet superiority in conventional weapons and didn’t exclude the possibility that the Soviet Army could quickly establish control over the Western Europe and that the US military would have to retake it in a ‘new Operation Overlord’. The pessimistic outlook of the ‘defense of the Rhine’ was also shared in London, and the British military planned to evacuate the troops to the British Isles (‘shadow of Dunkirk’) and to focus on strategic bombing of the USSR and its allies. Even the appearance of nuclear weapons, that would dramatically alter the strategic context in the following years, played a relatively minor role in 1945–1949. The author concludes that the shadow of World War II and its lessons had a long-lasting eﬀect on the post-war international relations.
The Anti-Hitler Coalition: From Enmity to Military Alliance — A Formula for Success
Authors: Borisov A. Yu.
Published: November 2020

It is unfortunate to note again today that World War II did not end, it continues in the form of the war of memory. Politicians and scholars who stand as ideological successors of collaborators are trying to rewrite the history of those tragic days, to downplay the role of the Soviet Union in the victory over fascism. They try to revive certain political myths, which have been debunked long ago, that the Soviet Union and the Nazi Germany bear equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II, that the Red Army did not liberate Eastern Europe but ‘occupied’ it. In order to combat these attempts it is necessary to examine once again a turbulent history of the inter-war period and, particularly, the reasons why all attempts to form a united antifascist front had failed in the 1930s, but eventually led to the formation of the anti-Hitler coalition.The paper focuses on a complex set of political considerations, including cooperation and confrontation, mutual suspicions and a fervent desire to ﬁnd an ally in the face of growing international tensions, which all together determined the dynamics of relations within a strategic triangle of the Soviet Union — the United States — Great Britain in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The paper shows how all attempts to establish a collective security system during the prewar period had shattered faced with the policy of appeasement, which allowed the Nazi Germany to occupy much of Europe. Only the Soviet Union’s entry into the war changed the course of the conﬂict and made a decisive contribution to the victory over fascist aggressors. The author emphasizes that at such crucial moment of history I.V. Stalin, F.D. Roosevelt and W. Churchill raised to that challenge, demonstrating realism, common sense and willingness to cooperate. Although within the anti-Hitler coalition there was a number of pending issues, which triggered tensions between the Allies, their leaders managed to move beyond old grievances, ideological diﬀerences and short-term political interests, to realize that they have a common strategic goal in the struggle against Nazism. According to the author, this is the foundation for success of the anti-Hitler coalition and, at the same time, the key lesson for contemporary politicians. The very emergence of the anti-Hitler coalition represented a watershed in the history of the 20th century, which has determined a way forward for the whole humanity and laid the foundations for the world order for the next ﬁfty years.
Ressarcimento ao Erário e atuação do Tribunal de Contas: a questão da prescrição sob o olhar do STF (RE 636.886/AL)
Authors: Bordalo Rodrigo
Published: November 2020

O artigo explora os contornos do julgamento pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal do Recurso Extraordinário 636.886/AL, que abordou o tema do ressarcimento ao erário resultante de decisões expedidas por Tribunal de Contas.
Teoria constitucional das Empresas Estatais – 2ª. Parte
Authors: Martins Ricardo Marcondes
Published: November 2020

O regime das empresas estatais deve ser compreendido à luz da Constituição Federal. Neste estudo, vários aspectos foram fixados: as empresas estatais jamais se apresentam como autênticas concessionárias. Nenhuma empresa estatal é integralmente regida por regras de direito privado. O regime das empresas criadas nos termos do art. 173 da CF/88 não se confunde com o regime das empresas exploradoras de monopólios federais. Há uma série de condicionamentos constitucionais à instituição de uma empresa estatal ou à participação de uma empresa estatal em uma empresa privada. Há uma conformação implícita na Constituição tanto de empresas públicas como de sociedades de economia mista. O capital privado da sociedade de economia mista não faz com que seu aspecto empresarial prevaleça sobre o seu aspecto estatal.
Evolution and Revolution in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ner Rahul
Published: November 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning, machine learning and neural networks represent extremely exciting and powerful machine learning-based techniques wont to solve various real-world problems. For a primer on machine learning, you'll want to read this seven-part series that I wrote. While human-like deductive reasoning, presumption, and decision-making by a computer is still a long time away, there have been remarkable gains in the application of AI techniques and associated algorithms
EDUCAÇÃO NO SÉCULO XXI: TECNOLOGIA E ENSINO
Authors:   LIZIANY MÜLLER MEDEIROS,   IVANIO FOLMER,   GUILHERME ANTUNES LEITE
Published: November 2020

Em frente as complexidades envoltas da contemporaneidade do mundo que vivemos, vale destacar que a tecnologia atrelada ao ensino, ou seja, ao processo educativo escolar pode e deve contribuir para a integralidade formativa dos/das estudantes em todas as etapas da educação básica, ou mesmo, no ensino superior. Uma vez, que no âmbito pedagógico as tecnologias e mídias digitais, têm sido objeto de estudos e pesquisas no que tange suas contribuições para o ensino, controvérsias e/ ou mesmo o potencial didático-pedagógico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, rompendo paradigmas e delineando novas formas de pensar e fazer educação.