bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal quality of life after sublobar resection and stereotactic body radiation therapy for early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wisnivesky Juan P. , Mudd Jeremy , Stone Kimberly , Slatore Christopher G. , Flores Raja , Swanson Scott , Blackstock William , Smith Cardinale B. , Chidel Mark , Rosenzweig Kenneth , Henschke Claudia , Kern Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Many patients with early‐stage lung cancer are not candidates for lobectomy because of various factors, with treatment options including sublobar resection or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Limited information exists regarding patient‐centered outcomes after these treatments.

Methods

Subjects with stage I–IIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at high risk for lobectomy who underwent treatment with sublobar resection or SBRT were recruited from five medical centers. Quality of life (QOL) was compared with the Short Form 8 (SF‐8) for physical and mental health and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Lung (FACT‐L) surveys at baseline (pretreatment) and 7 days, 30 days, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment. Propensity score methods were used to control for confounders.

Results

Of 337 subjects enrolled before treatment, 63% received SBRT. Among patients undergoing resection, 89% underwent minimally invasive video‐assisted thoracic surgery or robot‐assisted resection. Adjusted analyses showed that SBRT‐treated patients had both higher physical health SF‐8 scores (difference in differences [DID], 6.42; p = .0008) and FACT‐L scores (DID, 2.47; p = .004) at 7 days posttreatment. Mental health SF‐8 scores were not different at 7 days (p = .06). There were no significant differences in QOL at other time points, and all QOL scores returned to baseline by 12 months for both groups.

Conclusions

SBRT is associated with better QOL immediately posttreatment compared with sublobar resection. However, both treatment groups reported similar QOL at later time points, with a return to baseline QOL. These findings suggest that sublobar resection and SBRT have a similar impact on the QOL of patients with early‐stage lung cancer deemed ineligible for lobectomy.
The influence of market and institutional factors on ESG rating disagreement
Authors: Rubino Michele , Mastrorocco Ilaria , Garegnani Giovanni Maria
Published: March 2024

The lack of convergence between rating agencies in the assessment of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects of companies leads to the so‐called ESG rating disagreement. Although this phenomenon causes confusion and uncertainty among investors, it is still little investigated. Previous research has only focused on some determinants of the disagreement, mainly related to nonfinancial disclosure and corporate aspects, while broader determinants remain unexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing the effects of market value, industry sensitivity, and institutional context on disagreement between two different rating providers. To achieve this goal, a cross‐sectional analysis was conducted for 1809 companies from the S&P 1200 Global Index. The results show that companies with a better market rating, belonging to critical sectors and located in countries with a better institutional environment, have a lower level of ESG disagreement.
A Hybrid‐Salt Strategy for Modulating the Li+ Solvation Sheathes and Constructing Robust SEI in Non‐Flammable Electrolyte Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lan Kai , Zhang Xinan , Yang Xinxin , Hou Qing , Yuan Ruming , Zheng Mingseng , Fan Jingmin , Qiu Xinping , Dong Quanfeng
Published: March 2024

The electrode interface determines the performance of an electrochemical energy storage system. Using traditional electrolyte organic additives and high‐concentration electrolyte emerging recently are two generally strategies for improving the electrode interface. Here, a hybrid‐salt electrolyte strategy is proposed for constructing the stable electrode interface. Through the solubilization effect of phosphate ester on LiNO3, a hybrid‐salts‐based non‐flammable phosphate ester electrolyte system (HSPE) with LiPF6 and LiNO3 as Li salts has been developed. By the strong interaction between NO3− and Li+, the Li+ solvation sheath and solvent behaviors have been modulated, thus the undesirable effects of phosphate ester are eliminated and a robust SEI is formed. Experimental results and theoretical calculations illustrate that NO3− as a kind of strongly coordinating anion can reduce the number of TEP molecules and lower the reduction reactivity of TEP. The reconfigured Li+ solvation structure allows the formation of an inorganic‐rich SEI on the electrode surface. As a result, in the designed HSPE, the average coulombic efficiency of lithium plating/stripping is increased to 99.12 %. This work explored a new approach to construct the electrode interface and addressing the poor interface performance issue of phosphate esters.
Cerebellar granule cell migration and folia development require Mllt11/Af1q/Tcf7c
Authors: Blommers Marley , Stanton‐Turcotte Danielle , Witt Emily A. , Heidari Mohsen , Iulianella Angelo
Published: March 2024

The organization of neurons into distinct layers, known as lamination, is a common feature of the nervous system. This process, which arises from the direct coupling of neurogenesis and neuronal migration, plays a crucial role in the development of the cerebellum, a structure exhibiting a distinct folding cytoarchitecture with cells arranged in discrete layers. Disruptions to neuronal migration can lead to various neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting the significance of understanding the molecular regulation of lamination. We report a role Mllt11/Af1q/Tcf7c (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed‐lineage leukemia; translocated to chromosome 11/All1 fused gene from chromosome 1q, also known as Mllt11 transcriptional cofactor 7; henceforth referred to Mllt11) in the migration of cerebellar granule cells (GCs). We now show that Mllt11 plays a role in both the tangential and radial migration of GCs. Loss of Mllt11 led to an accumulation of GC precursors in the rhombic lip region and a reduction in the number of GCs successfully populating developing folia. Consequently, this results in smaller folia and an overall reduction in cerebellar size. Furthermore, analysis of the anchoring centers reveals disruptions in the perinatal folia cytoarchitecture, including alterations in the Bergmann glia fiber orientation and reduced infolding of the Purkinje cell plate. Lastly, we demonstrate that Mllt11 interacts with non‐muscle myosin IIB (NMIIB) and Mllt11 loss–increased NMIIB expression. We propose that the dysregulation of NMIIB underlies altered GC migratory behavior. Taken together, the findings reported herein demonstrate a role for Mllt11 in regulating neuronal migration within the developing cerebellum, which is necessary for its proper neuroanatomical organization.
Effects of plyometric training techniques on vertical jump performance of basketball players
Authors: Pechlivanos Rafail Georgios , Amiridis Ioannis G. , Anastasiadis Nikolaos , Kannas Theodoros , Sahinis Chrysostomos , Duchateau Jacques , Enoka Roger M.
Published: March 2024

The aim of our study was to compare the effects of two different plyometric training programs (targeting knee extensors or plantar flexors) on jump height and strength of leg muscles. Twenty‐nine male basketball players were assigned to the knee‐flexed (KF), knee‐extended (KE), or control groups. In addition to regular training, the KF group performed plyometric jumps (10 sets of 10 jumps, 3 sessions/week, 4 weeks) from 50 cm boxes with the knee flexed (90°–120°), whereas the KE group performed the jumps from 30 cm boxes with the knee much more extended (130°–170°). Jumping ability was evaluated with squat jumps (SJs), countermovement jumps (CMJs), and drop jumps from 20 cm (DJ20) and 40 cm (DJ40). Knee and ankle muscles were assessed during maximal isokinetic and isometric tests, and EMG activity was recorded from vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius. The KF group increased SJ (+10%, d = 0.86) and CMJ (+11%, d = 0.70) but decreased DJ40 height (−7%, d = −0.40). Conversely, the KE group increased DJ20 (+10%, d = 0.74) and DJ40 (+12%, d = 0.77) but decreased SJ height (−4%, d = −0.23). The reactivity index during DJs increased (+10% for DJ20, d = 0.47; +20% for DJ40, d = 0.91) for the KE group but decreased (−10%, d = −0.48) for the KF group during DJ40. Plantar flexor strength increased for the KE group (d = 0.72–1.00) but not for the KF group. Negative transfer across jumps is consistent with the principle of training specificity. Basketball players interested to perform fast rebounds in their training should avoid plyometric jumps with large knee flexions and long contact times.
Ostracism negatively impacts working self‐perceptions of personality
Authors: Wirth James H. , Hales Andrew H. , Buelow Melissa T.
Published: March 2024

We examined if being ostracized (excluded and ignored) changes working self‐perception of personality ─ a core aspect of the self ─ which may contribute to understanding post‐ostracism behaviour. Across three studies (N = 943), using a virtual ball‐toss game (i.e., Cyberball), participants were either ostracized, included or mentally visualized playing the game. Subsequently, participants reported working self‐perceptions of their personality (using two measures of Big Five personality), ostracism's immediate effects (e.g., basic needs) and post‐ostracism behavioural intentions: aggressive temptations and solitude seeking. Across the studies, ostracism in Cyberball negatively impacted working self‐perception of personality: ostracized participants were less conscientious, agreeable, open and extraverted, and more neurotic (negative emotionality), compared to controls. Illustrating that altered working self‐perceptions are important to consider, ostracism's increase of aggressive temptations was mediated by agreeableness, even when accounting for ostracism's immediate (reflexive) effects. Additionally, ostracism's increase in solitude seeking was mediated by extraversion. Ultimately, these aversive self‐perceptions may create difficulties in socially connecting with others.
Inter‐ and intra‐annual fluctuations and attribution analysis of runoff and sediment transport in the middle and lower Yangtze River
Authors: Yu Yang , Du Sen , Li Min , Zhao Rui , Mou Qin , Min Xuefeng , Xu Wenjie
Published: March 2024

Assessing the changing regimes of runoff and sediment load in rivers, as well as analysing their underlying causes, is essential for maintaining the ecological integrity of rivers and promoting the sustainable development of water resources. Current methods of attribution analysis focus on accounting for the effects of climate change and human activities on inter‐annual variability in streamflow and sediment. However, the contribution of individual drivers to intra‐annual hydrologic variability is often overlooked. The study analysed the inter‐ and intra‐annual fluctuations in runoff and sediment load in the middle and lower Yangtze River using a water‐sediment variation attribution model, the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm, and the Multiple‐Factor Attribution method. The results showed that human activities were responsible for over 70% of the inter‐ and intra‐annual fluctuation in runoff and sediment load in the Yichang, Hankou, and Datong sections. Additionally, it was found that human activities were the main contributor to the reduction in both runoff and sediment load in all sections. Closer to the Yangtze estuary, human influence on intra‐annual fluctuation of runoff decreases while climate change influence increases, and human influence on both inter‐ and intra‐annual fluctuation of sediment load becomes less significant. The sensitivity of annual runoff to precipitation is greater than that of air temperature and evaporation in the Yichang, Hankou, and Datong sections. An increase of 10% in precipitation from baseline values leads to a corresponding increase of 3.13%, 2.24%, and 3.91% in runoff for the Yichang, Hankou, and Datong sections. The annual sediment load is more sensitive to changes in runoff than to precipitation, air temperature, and evaporation in each section. A 10% increase in runoff from the baseline value leads to an annual sediment load increase of 20.36%, 10.11%, and 8.78% at Yichang, Hankou, and Datong, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for decision‐making to protect and sustainably develop the water and sediment resources in the Yangtze River Basin.
Non‐Canonical Amino Acids for Engineering Peptides and Proteins with new Functions
Authors: Zhou Kelly Zhi Qi , Obexer Richard
Published: March 2024

The universal genetic code, which specifies the 20 standard amino acids (AAs), forms the basis for all natural proteins. Researchers have developed efficient and robust in vivo and in vitro strategies to overcome the constraints of the genetic code to expand the repertoire of AA building blocks that can be ribosomally incorporated into proteins. This review summarizes the development of these in vivo and in vitro systems and their subsequent use for engineering of peptides and proteins with new functions. In vivo genetic code expansion employing engineered othogonal tRNA/aaRS pairs has led to the development of proteins that selectively bind small molecules, cleave nucleic acids and catalyze non‐natural chemical transformations. In vitro genetic code reprogramming using Flexizymes coupled with mRNA display has resulted in potent macrocyclic peptides that selectively bind to therapeutically important proteins. Through these examples, we hope to illustrate how genetic code expansion and reprogramming, especially when coupled with directed evolution or in vitro selection techniques, have emerged as powerful tools for expanding the functional capabilities of peptides and proteins.
Differences in the system accuracy acceptability of four types of blood glucose monitoring systems against five different standards
Authors: Wang Tengjiao , Zhang Lina , Gong Lijun , Xin Yangmei , Han Liang , Li Na , Peng Peng , Zhao Xiuying , Li Runqing
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the system accuracy of four types of blood glucose monitoring systems (BGMSs) and explore the differences in the system accuracy acceptability of each BGMS against five different standards.

Methods

The glucose measurement values obtained from four types of BGMSs (Roche Accu‐Chek® Performa, Bayer Contour™ TS, Sinomedisite Glupad® H1 Plus, and Sinocare® Gold‐Accu) were evaluated against the reference values obtained from the biochemical analyzer of the central laboratory. The system accuracy acceptability of each BGMS was determined using the criteria specified in five standards, namely the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2003, Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) POCT12‐A3, ISO 15197:2013, Chinese Society of Laboratory Medicine (CSLM) consensus, and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines.

Results

From 2018 to 2022, 10,980 pairs of measurement values were obtained from 366 glucose meters of four types of BGMSs. Significant correlations were observed between the glucose measurement values from the BGMSs and the reference values from the biochemical analyzer of the central laboratory. The correlation coefficient r was 0.995 for Roche Accu‐Chek® Performa, 0.994 for Bayer Contour™ TS, 0.983 for Sinomedisite Glupad® H1 Plus, and 0.997 for Sinocare® Gold‐Accu. The acceptability criteria specified in ISO 15197:2003 were met by 100.00% (135/135) of the glucose meters of Roche Accu‐Chek® Performa, 100.00% (109/109) of Bayer Contour™ TS, 81.61% (71/87) of Sinomedisite Glupad® H1 Plus, and 100.00% (35/35) of Sinocare® Gold‐Accu. Whereas, the acceptability criteria specified in ISO 15197:2013 were met by 99.26% (134/135) of the glucose meters of Roche Accu‐Chek® Performa, 88.07% (96/109) of Bayer Contour™ TS, 58.62% (51/87) of Sinomedisite Glupad® H1 Plus, and 91.43% (32/35) of Sinocare® Gold‐Accu.

Conclusions

Among the four types of BGMSs evaluated, the glucose meters of Roche Accu‐Chek® Performa exhibited superior system accuracy. The system accuracy acceptability of each BGMS varied significantly against the acceptability criteria specified in the five different standards.
Exploring optimal straw mulch thickness during freeze–thaw periods in the central Yellow River basin: Field observations and numerical modelling
Authors: Xue Jing , Lin Jiangtong , Chen Junfeng , Cui Lihong , Zheng Xiuqing
Published: March 2024

Straw mulch has been widely used to inhibit soil evaporation in semi‐arid regions, but little attention has been given to exploring optimal straw mulch thicknesses for suppressing soil evaporation under different meteorological conditions in seasonally frozen soil regions. By combining field observations and numerical modelling, the optimal straw mulch thickness for inhibiting soil evaporation under different meteorological conditions was determined. Field experiments indicated that the cumulative soil evaporation associated with straw mulch thicknesses of 1–3 cm was 40%, 53% and 65% lower than that of bare land during freeze–thaw cycles. Compared with that of bare fields, the cumulative soil evaporation simulated by SHAW (simultaneous heat and water) decreased from 9% to 82% and from 36% to 88% during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 periods, respectively, when the straw mulch thickness ranged from 1 to 20 cm. The cumulative soil evaporation tended to stabilize until the straw mulch thickness reached 14.3 cm under weather conditions with low humidity, high wind speed and sunshine and 14.5 cm under weather conditions with high or moderate humidity, low or moderate wind speed and sunshine from 1987 to 2017. The results have implications for reducing nonproductive soil evaporation and improving agricultural water management in seasonally frozen regions.
Optical method supported by machine learning for dynamics of C‐reactive protein concentrations changes detection in biological matrix samples
Authors: Sokołowski Patryk , Cierpiak Kacper , Szczerska Małgorzata , Wróbel Maciej , Łuczkiewicz Aneta , Fudala‐Książek Sylwia , Wityk Paweł
Published: March 2024

In this article we present the novel spectroscopy method supported with machine learning for real‐time detection of infectious agents in wastewater. In the case of infectious diseases, wastewater monitoring can be used to detect the presence of inflammation biomarkers, such as the proposed C‐reactive protein, for monitoring inflammatory conditions and mass screening during epidemics for early detection in communities of concern, such as hospitals, schools, and so on. The proposed spectroscopy method supported with machine learning for real‐time detection of infectious agents will eliminate the need for time‐consuming processes, which contribute to reducing costs. The spectra in range 220–750 nm were used for the study. We achieve accuracy of our prediction model up to 68% with using only absorption spectrophotometer and machine learning. The use of such a set makes the method universal, due to the possibility of using many different detectors.
CD93 regulates breast cancer growth and vasculogenic mimicry through the PI3K/AKT/SP2 signaling pathway activated by integrin β1
Authors: Liu Hong , Zhang Jianhui , Zhao Yanjun , Fan Zhixiong , Yang Yongheng , Mao Yuanyuan , Yang Jingyuan , Ma Shungao
Published: March 2024

In women, breast cancer (BC) accounts for 7%–10% of all cancer cases and is one of the most common cancers. To identify a new method for treating BC, the role of CD93 and its underlying mechanism were explored. MDA‐MB‐231 cells were used in this study and transfected with si‐CD93, si‐MMRN2, oe‐CD93, si‐integrin β1, or oe‐SP2 lentivirus. After MDA‐MB‐231 cells were transfected with si‐NC or si‐CD93, they were injected into nude mice by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 5 × 106/mouse to construct a BC animal model. The expression of genes and proteins and cell migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry were detected by RT‒qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Transwell, and angiogenesis assays. In pathological samples and BC cell lines, CD93 was highly expressed. Functionally, CD93 promoted the proliferation, migration, and vasculogenic mimicry of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, CD93 interacts with MMRN2 and integrin β1. Knockdown of CD93 and MMRN2 can inhibit the activation of integrin β1, thereby inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/SP2 signaling pathway and inhibiting BC growth and vasculogenic mimicry. In conclusion, the binding of CD93 to MMRN2 can activate integrin β1, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT/SP2 signaling pathway and subsequently promoting BC growth and vasculogenic mimicry.
Perceived political corruption and tax compliance intentions among private enterprises in emerging economies: The roles of tax morale and tax tolerance in Ghana
Authors: Agbanyo Richard , Musah Godwin , Doku James Ntiamoah , Quarshie Joseph , Dery Nyuregbee Yahbewobr
Published: March 2024

Corruption has been identified as a major debilitating factor in tax revenue generation, especially in developing countries. This study examines the effects of perceived political corruption on tax compliance intention and investigates the mediating roles of tax morale and tax tolerance among private businesses in Ghana. Data were collected with a questionnaire from 1133 private firms randomly sampled in the Greater Accra Region. Estimation was done using structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood estimation techniques. The study finds that perceived political corruption diminishes tax morale, tolerance and compliance intentions. Moreover, tax tolerance and tax morale enhance compliance intentions. Again, tax morale and tax tolerance partially mediate the relationship between perceived political corruption and tax compliance intention, reducing corruption's negative effects on intentions to comply with tax obligations. Finally, these tax compliance behaviours vary with education, age of business, sectors and firm size. The government of Ghana needs to focus on voluntary tax compliance by convincingly fighting corruption, especially by tightening fiscal loopholes.
Optimization of a DNA‐launched SARS‐CoV‐2 replicon with RNA splicing inhibitor Isoginkgetin
Authors: Zhang Hu , Guo Haitao
Published: March 2024

We have previously developed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)‐vectored SARS‐CoV‐2 replicon, namely BAC‐CoV2‐Rep, which, upon transfection into host cells, serves as a transcription template for SARS‐CoV‐2 replicon mRNA to initiate replicon replication and produce nanoluciferase (Nluc) reporter from the subgenomic viral mRNA. However, an inherent issue of such DNA‐launched replicon system is that the nascent full‐length replicon transcript undergoes process by host RNA splicing machinery, which reduces replicon replication and generates spliced mRNA species expressing NLuc reporter independent of replicon replication. To mitigate this problem, we employed Isoginkgetin, a universal eukaryotic host splicing inhibitor, to treat cells transfected with BAC‐CoV2‐Rep. Isoginkgetin effectively increased the level of full‐length replicon transcripts while concurrently reducing the level of Nluc signal derived from spliced replicon mRNA, making the Nluc reporter signal more correlated with replicon replication, as evidenced by treatment with known SARS‐CoV‐2 replication inhibitors including Remdesivir, GC376, and EIDD‐1931. Thus, our study emphasizes that host RNA splicing is a confounding factor for DNA‐launched SARS‐CoV‐2 replicon systems, which can be mitigated by Isoginkgetin treatment.
Editorial to “Incidence of nausea/vomiting following propofol sedation with adaptive‐servo ventilation for atrial fibrillation ablation”
Authors: Mills Mark T. , Calvert Peter , Gupta Dhiraj
Published: March 2024

The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and symptoms relating to vagal nerve injury remains high after atrial fibrillation ablation, with many patients reporting symptoms in the hours to months after their procedure. These are often underreported in literature, and this editorial piece opines about a study assessing this in detail.
A paradox theory lens on proactivity, individual ambidexterity, and creativity: An empirical look
Authors: Wang Jie , Kim Tae‐Yeol , Bateman Thomas S. , Jiang Yuan , Tang Guiyao
Published: March 2024

Paradox theory suggests that contradictory demands, like applying current work methods while exploring new ones, should be viewed as dualities with competing and complementary aspects. It advocates for employee ambidexterity, where employees must manage exploitation and exploration. We know little about how personal dispositions affect ambidexterity independently or when interacting with situational factors. Based on a time‐lagged survey of 364 employee–supervisor pairs from 74 R&D teams, we found that proactive disposition was positively related to ambidexterity, enhancing creativity. Guided by trait activation theory, we found further that paradoxical supervision and job autonomy enhanced the relationship between proactive disposition and employee ambidexterity and the indirect effect of proactive disposition on creativity via ambidexterity. We discuss these findings' theoretical and practical implications, extending the literature on proactivity, ambidexterity, and paradox theory.
Trends in the ocean mixed‐layer depth in the western North Pacific tropical cyclone basin
Authors: Wu Liqin , Feng Xiaofang , Wu Liguang
Published: March 2024

The upper ocean mixed‐layer depth (MLD) has been recognized as a crucial factor in understanding the impact of climate change on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity, while the specific MLD variations in the western North Pacific (WNP) basin have received comparatively little attention. Using two ocean reanalysis datasets and the output of 28 CMIP6 models, the climatological mean MLD and its trend in the TC active region are examined. Compared to the ORAS4 and EN4 datasets, the spatial pattern of the climatological mean MLD can be well simulated in the multi‐model ensemble (MME). The mean MLD decreases with increasing latitude and maintains the maximum in the equatorial region. The spatial patterns of MLD long‐term (1958–2017) and short‐term (1979–2017) trends are deepening in the TC active region, with the relatively large positive trends occurring to the southeastern WNP primarily between 5°N and 15°N. However, the simulated trend in the MME is dominant with shoaling MLD, and the shoaling of the MLD is also projected under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. It is suggested that the bias on the simulated shoaling of the MLD in CMIP6 models may result from the overestimated enhancement of the upper‐ocean stratification. Thus, there is a discrepancy between the observed and simulated MLD trends in the WNP basin, which may have implications for TC intensity change under global warming scenarios.
Biosustainable Hybrid Nanoplatforms as Photoacoustic Agents
Authors: Pota Giulio , Armanetti Paolo , Silvestri Brigida , de Gennaro Bruno , Zanfardino Anna , Napoli Michela Di , Varcamonti Mario , Landi Gianluca , Pezzella Alessandro , Costantini Aniello , Luciani Giuseppina , Menichetti Luca
Published: March 2024

The development of biosafe theranostic nanoplatforms has attracted great attention due to their multifunctional behavior, reduced potential toxicity, and improved long‐term safety. When considering photoacoustic contrast agents and photothermal conversion tools, melanin and constructs like melanin are highly appealing due to their ability to absorb optical energy and convert it into heat. Following a sustainable approach, in this study, silver‐melanin like‐silica nanoplatforms are synthesized exploiting different bio‐available and inexpensive phenolic acids as potential melanogenic precursors and exploring their role in tuning the final systems architecture. The UV–Vis combined with X‐Ray Diffraction investigation proves metallic silver formation, while Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis reveals that different morphologies can be obtained by properly selecting the phenolic precursors. By looking at the characterization results, a tentative formation mechanism is proposed to explain how phenolic precursors' redox behavior may affect the nanoplatforms' structure. The antibacterial activity experiments showed that all synthesized systems have a strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, even at low concentrations. Furthermore, very sensitive Photoacoustic Imaging capabilities and significant photothermal behavior under laser irradiation are exhibited. Finally, a marked influence of phenol nature on the final system architecture is revealed resulting in a significant effect on both biological and photoacoustic features of the obtained systems. These melanin‐based hybrid systems exhibit excellent potential as triggerable nanoplatforms for various biomedical applications.
Target‐site mutations Ile1781Leu and Ile2041Asn in the ACCase2 gene confer resistance to fluazifop‐p‐butyl and pinoxaden herbicides in a johnsongrass accession from Arkansas, USA
Authors: González‐Torralva Fidel , Norsworthy Jason K.
Published: March 2024

Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is a troublesome weed species in different agricultural and non‐agricultural areas. Because of its biology, reproductive system, and seed production, effective management is challenging. An accession with low susceptibility to the acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides fluazifop‐p‐butyl (fluazifop) and pinoxaden was collected in eastern Arkansas. In this research, the molecular mechanisms responsible for ACCase resistance were investigated. Dose–response experiments showed a resistance factor of 181 and 133 for fluazifop and pinoxaden, respectively. Molecular analysis of both ACCase1 and ACCase2 genes was researched. Nucleotide comparison of ACCase1 between resistant and susceptible accessions showed no single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nonetheless, analysis of ACCase2 in fluazifop‐resistant johnsongrass plants revealed the Ile1781Leu target‐site mutation was dominant (nearly 75%), whereas the majority of pinoxaden‐resistant johnsongrass plants had the Ile2041Asn (60%). Not all sequenced johnsongrass plants displayed a target‐site mutation, suggesting the presence of additional resistance mechanisms. Amplification of ACCase1 and ACCase2 was not responsible for resistance because of the similar values obtained in both resistant and susceptible accessions. Experiments with malathion and NBD‐Cl suggest the presence of herbicide metabolism. Outcomes of this research demonstrated that fluazifop‐ and pinoxaden‐resistant johnsongrass plants displayed a target‐site mutation in ACCase2, but also that non‐target‐site resistance mechanisms would be involved and require a detailed study.
Copper ion incorporation in α‐synuclein amyloids
Authors: Walke Gulshan , Kumar Ranjeet , Wittung‐Stafshede Pernilla
Published: March 2024

Copper ion dys‐homeostasis is linked to neurodegenerative diseases involving amyloid formation. Even if many amyloidogenic proteins can bind copper ions as monomers, little is known about copper interactions with the resulting amyloid fibers. Here, we investigate copper interactions with α‐synuclein, the amyloid‐forming protein in Parkinson's disease. Copper (Cu(II)) binds tightly to monomeric α‐synuclein in vitro involving the N‐terminal amine and the side chain of His50. Using purified protein and biophysical methods in vitro, we reveal that copper ions are readily incorporated into the formed amyloid fibers when present at the start of aggregation reactions, and the metal ions also bind if added to pre‐formed amyloids. Efficient incorporation is observed for α‐synuclein variants with perturbation of either one of the high‐affinity monomer copper‐binding residues (i.e., N‐terminus or His50) whereas a variant with both N‐terminal acetylation and His50 substituted with Ala does not incorporate any copper into the amyloids. Both the morphology of the resulting α‐synuclein amyloids (amyloid fiber pitch, secondary structure, proteinase sensitivity) and the copper chemical properties (redox activity, chemical potential) are altered when copper is incorporated into amyloids. We speculate that copper chelation by α‐synuclein amyloids contributes to the observed copper dys‐homeostasis (e.g., reduced bioavailable levels) in Parkinson's disease patients. At the same time, amyloid‐copper interactions may be protective to neuronal cells as they will shield aberrantly free copper ions from promotion of toxic reactive oxygen species.
Fixed‐time sliding mode consensus tracking for second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent system with persistent dwell‐time switching topologies
Authors: Wang Haitao , Liu Qingshan
Published: March 2024

This article investigates the problem of fixed‐time sliding mode consensus tracking for nonlinear second‐order multi‐agent system, in the presence of disturbances and actuator attacks. The interaction topology graph of multi‐agent system is directed and switched, and the switching topologies satisfy a more general persistent dwell‐time switching mechanism. To account for the disturbances, actuator attack, and switching topologies, a nonsingular sliding mode control law with distributed switching scheme is constructed to guarantee the fixed‐time reachability to a sliding surface. By using multiple Lyapunov functions, some new sufficient criteria are derived for fixed‐time consensus tracking of the multi‐agent system with persistent dwell‐time switching topologies. To illustrate the proposed approach, we present a numerical example and a physical example of the single pendulum model.
Cardiotoxicity Assessment through a Polymer‐Based Cantilever Platform: An Integrated Electro‐Mechanical Screening Approach
Authors: Kanade Pooja P. , Oyunbaatar Nomin‐Erdene , Kim Jongyun , Lee Bong‐Kee , Kim Eung‐Sam , Lee Dong‐Weon
Published: March 2024

Preclinical drug screening for cardiac toxicity has traditionally relied on observing changes in cardiomyocytes' electrical activity, primarily through invasive patch clamp techniques or non‐invasive microelectrode arrays (MEA). However, relying solely on field potential duration (FPD) measurements for electrophysiological assessment can miss the full spectrum of drug‐induced toxicity, as different drugs affect cardiomyocytes through various mechanisms. A more comprehensive approach, combining field potential and contractility measurements, is essential for accurate toxicity profiling, particularly for drugs targeting contractile proteins without affecting electrophysiology. However, previously proposed platform has significant limitations in terms of simultaneous measurement. The novel platform addresses these issues, offering enhanced, non‐invasive evaluation of drug‐induced cardiotoxicity. It features eight cantilevers with patterned strain sensors and MEA, enabling real‐time monitoring of both cardiomyocyte contraction force and field potential. This system can detect minimum cardiac contraction force of ≈2 µN and field potential signals with 50 µm MEA diameter, using the same cardiomyocytes in measurements of two parameters. Testing with six drugs of varied mechanisms of action, the platform successfully identifies these mechanisms and accurately assesses toxicity profiles, including drugs not inhibiting potassium channels. This innovative approach presents a comprehensive, non‐invasive method for cardiac function assessment, poised to revolutionize preclinical cardiotoxicity screening.
Elastic SiC Aerogel for Thermal Insulation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yu Jianyong , Zhao Cunyi , Si Yang
Published: March 2024

SiC aerogels with their lightweight nature and exceptional thermal insulation properties have emerged as the most ideal materials for thermal protection in hypersonic vehicles; However, conventional SiC aerogels are prone to brittleness and mechanical degradation when exposed to complex loads such as shock and mechanical vibration. Hence, preserving the structural integrity of aerogels under the combined influence of thermal and mechanical external forces is crucial not only for stabling their thermal insulation performance but also for determining their practicality in harsh environments. This review focuses on the optimization of design based on the structure‐performance of SiC aerogels, providing a comprehensive review of the inherent correlations among structural stability, mechanical properties, and insulation performance. First, the thermal transfer mechanism of aerogels from a microstructural perspective is studied, followed by the relationship between the building blocks of SiC aerogels (0D particles, 1D nanowires/nanofibers) and their compression performance (including compressive resilience, compressive strength, and fatigue resistance). Moreover, the strategy to improve the high‐temperature oxidation resistance and insulation performance of SiC aerogels is explored. Lastly, the challenges and future breakthrough directions for SiC aerogels are presented.
Multi‐Scale Superhydrophobic Surface with Excellent Stability and Solar‐Thermal Performance for Highly Efficient Anti‐Icing and Deicing
Authors: Zhang Fei , Yan Hongjie , Chen Meijie
Published: March 2024

Ice accretion can significantly impact the efficiency and safety of outdoor equipment. Solar‐thermal superhydrophobic surface is an effective strategy for anti‐icing and deicing. However, droplets easily turn to the Wenzel state during the icing and melting cycle processes, significantly increasing the adhesion and making the droplets difficult to remove from the surface. In this work, a triple‐scale solar‐thermal superhydrophobic surface is prepared on stainless steel 304 by etching, in situ oxidation, and spin‐coating TiN nanoparticles for highly efficient deicing and anti‐icing. The multi‐scale structure enabled the droplets to recover the Cassie state completely after melting. The contact angle decreased from 162.5° to 136.7° during the icing process and gradually increased to 162.1° during the melting process. In addition, metal oxides and TiN nanoparticles enabled the superhydrophobic surface to exhibit a high solar absorptivity ( = 0.925). The synergistic effect of the superhydrophobicity and the solar‐thermal performance endowed the designed multi‐scale surface with excellent anti‐icing and deicing performance. This work contributed to the practical development of anti‐icing and deicing applications based on solar‐thermal superhydrophobic surfaces.
Limiting Interfacial Free Water and Proton Concentration by Hydrogel Electrolytes for Stable MoO3 Anode in a Proton Battery
Authors: Qin Zili , Li Xilong , Dong Qi , Qi Kaiwen , Chen Shiyuan , Zhu Yongchun
Published: March 2024

Aqueous rechargeable proton batteries are attractive due to the small ionic radius, light mass, and ultrafast diffusion kinetics of proton as charge carriers. However, the commonly used acidic electrolyte is usually very corrosive to the electrode material, which seriously affects the cycle life of the battery. Here, it is proposed that decreasing water activity and limiting proton concentration can effectively prevent side reactions of the MoO3 anode such as corrosion and hydrogen precipitation by using a lean‐water hydrogel electrolyte. The as‐prepared polyacrylamide (PAAM)‐poly2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (PAMPS)/MnSO4 (PPM) hydrogel electrolyte not only has abundant hydrophilic groups that can form hydrogen bonds with free water and inhibit solvent‐electrode interaction, but also has fixed anions that can maintain a certain interaction with protons. The assembled MoO3||MnO2 full battery can stably cycle over 500 times for ≈350 h with an unprecedented capacity retention of 100% even at a low current density of 0.5 A g−1. This work gives a hint that limiting free water as well as proton concentration is important for the design of electrolytes or interfaces in aqueous proton batteries.
Recycling Perspectives of Electric Arc Furnace Slag in the United States: A Review
Authors: Kurecki Matthew , Meena Neha , Shyrokykh Tetiana , Korobeinikov Yuri , Jarnerud Örell Tova , Voss Zane , Pretorius Eugene , Jones Jeremy , Sridhar Seetharaman
Published: March 2024

This article presents a comprehensive review of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag recycling in the United States, examining its classification and the associated challenges and opportunities of its industrial use. The study affirms EAF slag's nonhazardous status. The main challenges identified in EAF slag applications include substantial variations in composition and volume instability during/after hydration. Analysis of the U.S. recycling practices reveals that EAF slag is predominantly reused, with minimal landfill disposal. However, its prevalent use as a low value‐added aggregate in construction applications underscores the industry's ongoing challenge to get additional value from EAF slag recycling. Despite these challenges, the study highlights a great potential for increased value extraction from EAF slag recycling. Beyond conventional applications as a clinker material for the cement industry, the review explores modern technologies for steelmaking slag recycling, revealing options for recovering valuable metals such as Cr, V, Mo, and Fe through methods such as leaching, reduction, and oxidation.
Hibifolin protected pro‐inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS‐induced acute lung injury through antioxidative enzymes and the AMPK2/Nrf‐2 pathway
Authors: Ni Yung‐Lun , Shen Huan‐Ting , Ng Yan‐Yan , Chen Shih‐Pin , Lee Shiuan‐Shinn , Tseng Ching‐Chi , Ho Yung‐Chuan , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang
Published: March 2024

ALI is a grave medical ailment that manifests as abrupt inflammation of the lungs and diminished oxygen levels. It poses a considerable challenge to the medical fraternity, with elevated rates of morbidity and mortality. Our research endeavors to investigate the potential of hibifolin, a flavonoid glucuronide, imbued with potent antioxidant properties, and its molecular mechanism to combat LPS‐induced ALI in mice. The study utilized ICR mice to create an ALI model induced by LPS. Prior to LPS administration, hibifolin was given at 10, 30, or 50 mg/kg, or dexamethasone was given at 1 mg/kg to assess its preventative impact. Changes in lung tissue, pulmonary edema, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed using H&E stain assay, lung wet/dry ratio assay, and MDA formation assay, respectively. Activity assay kits were used to measure MPO activity and antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) activity in the lungs. Western blot assay was used to determine the phosphorylation of Nrf‐2 and AMPK2 in the lungs. Hibifolin demonstrated a concentration‐dependent improvement in LPS‐induced histopathologic pulmonary changes. This treatment notably mitigated pulmonary edema, lipid peroxidation, and MPO activity in ALI mice. Additionally, hibifolin successfully restored antioxidative enzyme activity in the lungs of ALI mice. Moreover, hibifolin effectively promoted Nrf‐2 phosphorylation and reinstated AMPK2 phosphorylation in the lungs of ALI mice. The results indicate that hibifolin could effectively alleviate the pathophysiological impact of LPS‐induced ALI. This is likely due to its antioxidative properties, which help to restore antioxidative enzyme activity and activate the AMPK2/Nrf2 pathway. These findings are valuable in terms of enhancing our knowledge of ALI treatment and pave the way for further investigation into hibifolin as a potential therapeutic option for lung injuries.
'Prehabilitation' checklist for men with prostate cancer starting androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Payne Heather , Bahl Amit , Kirby Mike , Rees Jon , Aning Jonathan , Das Prantik , Cornford Phil , Bagnall Pauline
Published: March 2024

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plays an important, integral role in the treatment of prostate cancer; however, it is associated with multiple metabolic and other adverse effects. Making patients aware of these prior to starting ADT and assessing any specific risks during discussions is key to optimising outcomes. A brief checklist for health care professionals to use with patients, such as the one presented here, can aid discussions and facilitate signposting to appropriate specialist services without increasing workload.
Inguinal hernia containing pyometra, jejunum and ileum in a dog
Authors: Anatolitou Anthi , Markou Miltiadis
Published: March 2024

An 8‐year‐old, intact, female, mixed breed dog was presented due to vomiting, constipation and inguinal swelling. Haematology and biochemistry revealed leukocytosis. A lateral abdominal radiograph revealed a soft tissue opacity, round to ovoid mass, in the caudal inguinal region. Gas‐filled intestinal loops were present at the cranial aspect of the mass. Further imaging was declined. Thus, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. An inguinal hernial sac containing fluid, a closed pyometra and intestinal loops was revealed. The contents of the inguinal hernia were returned to the abdominal cavity, an ovariohysterectomy was performed via a median laparotomy and the inguinal ring was closed, leaving the caudal aspect open. The dog's recovery was uneventful. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of pyometra inguinal herniation in a dog with concurrent herniation of the jejunum and ileum.
A non-perturbative mixed anomaly and fractional hydrodynamic transport
Authors: Davighi Joe , Lohitsiri Nakarin , Poovuttikul Napat
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We present a new non-perturbative ’t Hooft anomaly afflicting a quantum field theory with symmetry group G = U(1) × ℤ2 in four dimensions. We use the Adams spectral sequence to compute that the bordism group $${\Omega }_{5}^{{\text{Spin}}}$$(BG), which classifies anomalies that remain when perturbative anomalies cancel, is ℤ4. By constructing a mapping torus and evaluating the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer η-invariant, we show that the mod 4 anomaly is generated by a pair of Weyl fermions that are vector-like under U(1), but with only one component charged under ℤ2. We construct a simple microscopic field theory that realises the anomaly, before investigating its impact in the hydrodynamic limit. We find that the anomaly dictates transport phenomena in the U(1) current and energy-momentum tensor akin to the chiral vortical and magnetic effects (even though the perturbative anomalies here vanish), but with the conductivities being fractionally quantised in units of a quarter, reflecting the mod 4 nature of the bordism group. Along the way, we compute the (relevant) bordism groups $${\Omega }_{d}^{{\text{Spin}}}$$(Bℤ2 × BU(1)) and $${\Omega }_{d}^{{{\text{Pin}}}^{-}}$$ (BU(1)) in all degrees d = 0 through 5.