bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized ultrahigh field parallel transmission workflow using rapid presaturated TurboFLASH transmit field mapping with a three‐dimensional centric single‐shot readout
Authors: Bosch Dario , Bause Jonas , Geldschläger Ole , Scheffler Klaus
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the usage of three‐dimensional (3D) presaturated TurboFLASH (satTFL) for and mapping on single channel and parallel transmission (pTx) systems.

Methods

maps recorded with 3D satTFL were compared to maps from three other 3D mapping sequences in an agar phantom. Furthermore, individual‐channel maps of 18 human subjects were recorded with 3D satTFL using interferometry. A neural network was trained for masking of the maps.

Results

Out of the sequences compared satTFL was the only one with a mapping range exceeding well over 90°. In regions with lower flip angles there was high correspondence between satTFL and AFI. DREAM and double angle method also showed high qualitative similarity, however the magnitude differed from the other two measurements. The individual‐channel maps were successfully used for pTx pulse calculation in a separate study.

Conclusion

3D satTFL can record high‐quality maps with a high dynamic range in a short time. Correspondence with AFI maps is high, while measurement duration is reduced drastically.
Clinical analysis of patients who dropout in oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Hiraga Chiho Kondo , Komatsu Masumi , Ito Yasutaka , Sato Kazumichi , Yoshida Yoshifumi , Nakajima Tsuneya , Iimura Jiro , Matsuura Nobuyuki , Nomura Takeshi
Published: September 2022

Aim

The purpose of this study was to characterize patients who received oral appliance (OA) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to investigate the factors linked to patient dropout from OA therapy.

Methods

This study included 132 patients with OSA. The patients were categorized into an OA user group or a dropout group. Clinical parameters and craniofacial features were compared.

Results

Fifty‐seven patients (43.2%) dropped out of OA therapy. The most common reasons for stopping OA therapy, as reported by patients, were unknown (51%), ineffectiveness (16%), strong discomfort not related to the temporomandibular joint TMJ (e.g., tooth or gum pain; 14%), pain in the TMJ (TMJ; 9%), nasal symptoms (4%), excessive salivation (2%), and other reasons (5%). Body mass index (BMI) and the presence or absence of OSA‐related complications (e.g., cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes) were determined by univariate analysis. Age, BMI, facial axis (Fx), and the presence of OSA‐related complications were determined by multivariate logistic analyses to be risk factors for dropping out of OA therapy.

Conclusions

This study found that more patients than anticipated had discontinued OA treatment for various reasons.
Polyvinyl alcohol‐modified graphene oxide as a support for bimetallic Pt–Pd electrocatalysts to enhance the efficiency of formic acid oxidation
Authors: Saipanya Surin , Fang Li , Themsirimongkon Suwaphid , Maturost Suphitsara , Pongpichayakul Natthapong , Promsawan Napapha , Waenkaew Paralee
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research was to study the efficiency of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐modified graphene oxide (GO) as a supporting material for catalysts that oxidize formic acid. The active metal catalysts (e.g., Pt and Pd) were electrodeposited on PVA/GO surfaces. The morphologies of the prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while their chemical compositions were identified by X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that compared with the other catalysts on GO, the prepared active PtPd alloy catalyst nanoparticles with 11.49–20.73 nm sizes were well dispersed on the PVA/GO surfaces. Electrochemical results indicate that the activities of the catalysts with PVA provided a higher current density than that of the catalysts without PVA. The bimetallic 3Pt3Pd/PVA/GO catalyst showed the greatest catalytic activity, stability, and CO oxidation when compared to those of other catalysts. The electronic, morphological, and structural properties promote the mass‐charge transfer through the interaction. These results indicate that the PVA‐modified GO provides a suitable site for active bimetallic catalyst surfaces, resulting in excellent formic acid oxidation and high CO elimination. The 3Pt3Pd/PVA/GO electrocatalyst is promising for enhancing formic acid oxidation.
The development of the Negative Bias in Prospection Scale: A novel assessment of dysfunctional prospection in depression
Authors: Yang Zhuo‐ya , Zheng Ying‐can , Yang Xiao , Wang Ya‐ting , Feng Zheng‐zhi
Published: September 2022

“Prospection” refers to the ability to mentally simulate one's future episodes. Negative bias in prospection, which includes both reduced positivity and enhanced negativity, is considered to be closely related to the development and maintenance of depression. However, there is a relative paucity of measures that adequately assess negative bias in prospection in depressed people. The current study developed and initially validated the Negative Bias in Prospection Scale (NBPS) using a nonclinical sample (n = 959). The validity and reliability of the NBPS were investigated in several ways. Results suggested the 14 NBPS items loaded onto three factors, namely the “Increased negativity,” the “Reduced positivity,” and the “Overgeneralization.” The NBPS demonstrated decent internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Further, the NBPS was strongly associated with severity of depressive symptoms. Moreover, the NBPS was correlated in a theoretically meaningful way with other measures of future‐oriented cognitions or negative biases. In conclusion, the NBPS has promising preliminary psychometric properties. It will be an efficient tool for exploring dysfunctional prospection in depression and provides a novel measure for mechanism of change in prospection‐based interventions.
Influencing the influencers: Regulating the morality of online conduct in Indonesia
Authors: Mahy Petra , Winarnita Monika , Herriman Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Indonesia boasts a lively influencer scene. These influencers promote various products and messages, including political messages, to their followers for commercial gain, and have been particularly active during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Influencers in Indonesia are potentially subject to state regulation, particularly via the controversial Electronic Transactions and Information Law (ITE Law) which criminalizes digital communications that “breach morality,” defame the good name of another, or spread misleading information resulting in consumer losses. In addition, influencers face a risk of community‐led regulation, via an online backlash, should they transgress perceived moral boundaries. In this article, we present and analyze a series of case studies where influencer behavior has attracted regulatory responses. These cases illustrate the interactions among regulatory actors and also where and how the lines for acceptable influencer moral standards of behavior are being drawn.
Broadcasting anti‐media populism in the Philippines: YouTube influencers, networked political brokerage, and implications for governance
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth R. , Gaw Marie Fatima
Published: September 2022

This article interrogates platform governance and accountability amid the growing role of influencers in constructing political discourses, and particularly, in the intermediation of anti‐media ideological frames through their embeddedness in networked assemblages. We deploy the concept of “networked political brokerage” to examine the sociotechnical relations among influencers, the platform, and its users, and how this dynamic assemblage engages in the intermediation of anti‐media populism. The study draws from a critical examination of the network and discursive tactics deployed by Filipino YouTube influencers who advance partisan political commentary and deceptive narratives to delegitimize mainstream media institutions through issue network analysis concerning the franchise denial and eventual shutdown of the Philippines' oldest media network, ABS‐CBN. We problematize how influencers engage platform affordances and cultures of use to enable, amplify, and fortify the brokering of their political agenda within a larger network of political actors, while eliding accountability. Through the mutually affirming relationship of content creators and the platform, networked hyperpoliticized contents gain visibility and galvanize anti‐media rhetoric. Ultimately, the article raises concerns on the social consequences of networked political brokerage and offers a framework for how governance and policy discussions can treat the functioning of such networked political influence.
Spiritual well‐being, distress and quality of life in Hispanic women diagnosed with cancer undergoing treatment with chemotherapy
Authors: Barata Anna , Hoogland Aasha I. , Small Brent J. , Acevedo Karina I. , Antoni Michael H. , Gonzalez Brian D. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Lechner Suzanne C. , Tyson Dinorah Martinez , Meade Cathy D. , Rodriguez Yvelise , Salsman John M. , Sherman Allen C. , Sutton Steven K. , Jim Heather S. L.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Previous studies have examined whether spiritual well‐being is associated with cancer outcomes, but minority populations are under‐represented. This study examines associations of baseline spiritual well‐being and change in spiritual well‐being with change in distress and quality of life, and explores potential factors associated with changes in spiritual well‐being among Hispanic women undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

Participants completed measures examining spiritual well‐being, distress, and quality of life prior to beginning chemotherapy and at weeks 7 and 13. Participants' acculturation and sociodemographic data were collected prior to treatment. Mixed models were used to examine the association of baseline spiritual well‐being and change in spiritual well‐being during treatment with change in distress and quality of life, and to explore whether sociodemographic factors, acculturation and clinical variables were associated with change in spiritual well‐being.

Results

A total of 242 participants provided data. Greater baseline spiritual well‐being was associated with less concurrent distress and better quality of life (p < 0.001), as well as with greater emotional and functional well‐being over time (p values < 0.01). Increases in spiritual well‐being were associated with improved social well‐being during treatment, whereas decreases in spiritual well‐being were associated with worsened social well‐being (p < 0.01). Married participants reported greater spiritual well‐being at baseline relative to non‐married participants (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Greater spiritual well‐being is associated with less concurrent distress and better quality of life, as well as with greater emotional, functional, and social well‐being over time among Hispanic women undergoing chemotherapy. Future work could include developing culturally targeted spiritual interventions to improve survivors' well‐being.
SH‐PRO extract alleviates benign prostatic hyperplasia via ROS‐mediated activation of PARP/caspase 3 and inhibition of FOXO3a/AR/PSA signaling in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Park Ji Eon , Shin Woo‐Cheol , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Yoon Dahye , Sim Deok Yong , Ahn Chi‐Hoon , Park Su‐Yeon , Shim Bum Sang , Park So Jung , Kim Kyung Seok , Park Geum Duck , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Lee Dae Young
Published: September 2022

To target benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as a common urinary disease in old men, in the current study, the antiproliferative and apoptotic mechanism of SH‐PRO, a mixture of Angelica gigas and Astragalus membranaceus (2:1), was evaluated in BPH‐1 cells and rats with testosterone‐induced BPH. Herein, SH‐PRO significantly reduced the viability of BPH‐1 cells and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)‐treated RWPE‐1 cells. Also, SH‐PRO increased the sub‐G1 population in BPH‐1 cells and consistently attenuated the expression of pro‐PARP, pro‐caspase 3, Bcl2, FOXO3a, androgen receptor (AR), and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in BPH‐1 cells and DHT‐treated RWPE‐1 cells. Of note, SH‐PRO generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BPH‐1 cells, while ROS inhibitor N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) disturbed the ability of SH‐PRO to reduce the expression of pro‐PARP, FOXO3a, catalase, SOD, and increase sub‐G1 population in BPH‐1 cells. Furthermore, oral treatment of SH‐PRO significantly abrogated the weight of the prostate in testosterone‐treated rats compared to BPH control with the reduced expression of AR, PSA, and DHT and lower plasma levels of DTH, bFGF, and EGF with no toxicity. Overall, these findings highlight the antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of SH‐PRO via ROS‐mediated activation of PARP and caspase 3 and inhibition of FOXO3a/AR/PSA signaling as a potent anti‐BPH candidate.
Predicting spatiotemporal changes of surface soil organic carbon in China
Authors: Yang Ren‐Min , Huang Lai‐Ming , Wu Yun‐Jin
Published: September 2022

Evaluating the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for better understanding the role of SOC in global C cycling. In this study, we report on the application of a two‐compartment model for mapping and examining SOC changes in China. We develop a SOC change prediction model combined with an environmental stratification approach and map SOC changes for the top 20‐cm soil depth in China at a grid resolution of 1 km. We perform a model comparison to quantify the effects of environmental stratification on model performance. A mean SOC increase of 0.63 kg m−2 was observed over the past 40 yr. Compared to the model without environmental stratification (the concordance correlation coefficient [CCC]: 0.34–0.40; RMSE: 2.16–2.33 kg m−2), we found that the models incorporating spatial or temporal stratification provide better performance. Notably, the model with spatiotemporal stratification achieved the better performance compared with results without stratification, with the prediction accuracy improved up to 57% in terms of CCC. Our results suggest that both the spatial‐ and temporal‐scale effects of environmental heterogeneity on SOC processes need to be accounted for in the prediction of SOC changes. Furthermore, the results indicate that the developed approach can be used to map SOC changes over large regions. This study also emphasizes that to achieve accurate predictions, it is necessary to choose the proper environmental stratification method to refine the study unit.
Take key steps to protect your privacy when you're sharing public scholarship
Authors: Parrot Teresa Valerio
Published: September 2022

Scholars writing in national media face rising levels of backlash. The threat of social media pushback, organized attack campaigns, and calls for “canceling” from the political left and right are at a fever pitch.
Set students up for a good start with concierge services
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2022

When prospective students consider going to college, they're excited about their futures. But what if they get confused or discouraged by the enrollment process and never even make it to a class?
Leveraging Nanomechanical Perturbations in Raman Spectro‐Immunoassays to Design a Versatile Serum Biomarker Detection Platform
Authors: Zheng Peng , Raj Piyush , Wu Lintong , Szabo Miklos , Hanson William A. , Mizutani Takayuki , Barman Ishan
Published: September 2022

While immunoassays are pivotal to medical diagnosis and bioanalytical chemistry, the current landscape of public health has catalyzed an important shift in the requirements of immunoassays that demand innovative solutions. For example, rapid, label‐free, and low‐cost screening of a given analyte is required to inform the best countermeasures to combat infectious diseases in a timely manner. Yet, the current design of immunoassays cannot accommodate such requirements as constraint by accumulative challenges, such as repeated incubation and washing, and the need of two types of antibodies in the sandwich format. To provide a potential solution, herein, a plasmonic Raman immunoassay with single‐antibody, multivariate regression, and shift‐of‐peak strategies, coined as the PRISM assay, for serum biomarkers detection, is reported. The PRISM assay relies on Raman reporter‐antibody conjugates to capture analytes on a plasmonic substrate. The ensuing nanomechanical perturbations to vibration of Raman reporters induce subtle but characteristic spectral changes that encode rich information related to the captured analytes. By fusing Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analysis, both Raman frequency shift‐ and multivariate regression models for sensitive detection of biomarkers are developed. The PRISM assay is expected to find a wide range of applications in clinical diagnosis, food safety surveillance, and environmental monitoring.
Systems engineering applied to urban planning and development: A review and research agenda
Authors: Reid Jack , Wood Danielle
Published: September 2022

Systems engineering tools and methodologies are increasingly being used in urban planning and sustainable development applications. Such tools were previously extensively used for urban planning during the 1960s and 1970s in the United States, only to result in high profile failures and pushback from urban planners, politicians, and the public. In order to better understand why this occurred, what has changed, and how we can avoid such failures moving forward, this study conducts a systematic review and an integrative review of the systems engineering and critical literature. These reviews are used to identify eight common pitfalls and organize them into key themes. Technological and methodological developments that may address each of these pitfalls are considered and recommendations are made for future applications of systems engineering to planning contexts. Finally, examples are provided of systems engineering being used productively in a way consistent with these recommendations for sustainable development applications.
Investigation of the anti‐pseudorabies virus activity of interferon lambda 3 in cultured porcine kidney epithelial cells
Authors: Deng Huidan , Jian Zhijie , Zhu Ling , Li Fengqin , Zhao Jun , Deng Junliang , Sun Xiangang , Xu Zhiwen
Published: September 2022

Background

It has been reported Interferon‐λ (IFN‐λ) has stronger antiviral effect than other interferons. IFN‐λ can induce antiviral interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in epithelia to protect against virus. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection in pigs resulting in fatal encephalitis in newborn piglets, respiratory disorders in finishing pigs, reproductive disorders in sows and other symptoms.

Objectives

Since the effect of IFN‐λ on inhibiting PRV proliferation is still unknown. Inthis study, we investigate the relative contribution of porcine IFN‐λ3 toward controlling the infection of PRV in vitro. Our findings may provide a new insight for the prevention and treatment of PRV.

Methods

Therefore, the antiviral assay, western blot, qRT‐PCR and ELISA assay were used to investigating the contribution of IFN‐λ against PRV in PK‐15 cells.

Results

Here, we demonstrate that the replication of PRV in PK‐15 cells was inhibited after pre‐treatment with IFN‐λ3, and such inhibition was dose dependent. Overexpression of IFN‐λ3 receptor (IFNLR) also restricted virus titre in PK‐15 cells. In addition, IFN‐λ3 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of interferon‐stimulated genes 15 (ISG15), 2′‐5′‐oligoadenylate synthase 1 (OAS1), IFN‐inducible transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) and myxoma resistance protein 1 (Mx1) in PRV‐infected PK‐15 cells. Other than modulation ISGs, IFN‐λ specifically activated IFN‐γ mRNA expression not IFN‐α or IFN‐β.

Conclusions

IFN‐λ3 had antiviral activity against PRV and the upregulation of ISGs and IFN‐γ mRNA expression may be the mechanism of IFN‐λ3's antiviral activities. Thus, IFN‐λ3 has a decisive function that greatly limits PRV replication in PK‐15 cells. Our study explores the antiviral activity of IFN‐λ3 on PRV for the first time.
Introduction: Feeding the Future Sustainably—What Role for Novel Foods and Edible Insects?
Authors: Scaffardi Lucia , Formici Giulia
Published: September 2022

Food systems all over the world are increasingly under pressure: according to the United Nations, in 2020, 2.37 billion people suffered hunger or were unable to eat a healthy balanced diet on a regular basis. This worrying scenario, mainly affecting developing countries in the Global South, has been exacerbated by different phenomena such as climate change, the global spread of Covid-19, and recent geopolitical tensions. In this context, innovation and technological progress have been considered important allies to promote environmental, social and economic sustainability in the food sector and provide solid answers to the urgent demand of accessible and safe food for present and future generations. So-called Novel Foods represent an interesting and relevant example of the potential role of innovation for the guaranteeing of food security. This introductive chapter aims to present the main issues affecting the food sector globally and offer some first insights on this Volume’s main topics: Novel Foods in the European Union and a particular category of ‘new’ foods, namely insects for human consumption. The structure of the book and the reasons behind the content selection are explored, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to such a complex topic.
A Peculiar Category of Novel Foods: Traditional Foods Coming from Third Countries and the Regulatory Issues Involving Sustainability, Food Security, Food Safety, and the Free Circulation of Goods
Authors: Scaffardi Lucia
Published: September 2022

Since 1997, traditional foods coming from Third Countries and not regularly consumed in the European territory before 1997 are included in the definition of Novel Foods provided by the EC Legislator. This peculiar category of ‘new’ foods has raised significant issues, also at the international level, due to the important and strict link between the marketing of such foods and the promotion of sustainable development. The chapter aims at deeply analysing the legislative debate, as well as the regulatory solutions finally approved by the EU legislator, by highlighting the persistent challenges, paying particular attention to the difficult balance-point determined—or still to be determined—among the free circulation of goods, food safety, food security and sustainability.
The Safety Assessment of Insects and Products Thereof As Novel Foods in the European Union
Authors: Precup Gabriela , Ververis Ermolaos , Azzollini Domenico , Rivero-Pino Fernando , Zakidou Panagiota , Germini Andrea
Published: September 2022

In the European Union, insects and products thereof fall under Regulation (EU) 2283/2015 on Novel Foods, as they were not consumed to a significant degree within the EU before 15 May 1997. This chapter elucidates the risk assessment process performed by EFSA, highlighting the various elements considered when assessing the safety of insect-derived foodstuffs. The information discussed stems from EFSA outputs on the safety evaluation of such products, which have confirmed the safety of their consumption under the proposed conditions of use.
Pediatric liver cirrhosis interventional procedures: from biopsy to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Natali Gian Luigi , Cassanelli Giulia , Paolantonio Guglielmo , Parapatt George Koshy , Gregori Lorenzo Maria , Rollo Massimo
Published: September 2022

Cirrhosis is a complex diffuse process whereby the architecture of the liver is replaced by abnormal nodules because of the presence of fibrosis. Several pediatric diseases such as extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, biliary atresia, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit and autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and portal hypertension in children. In this article the authors describe interventional radiology procedures that can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the pediatric population. These procedures include image-guided liver biopsy, mesenteric–intrahepatic left portal vein shunts, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and splenic embolization.
The Spin–Spin Problem in Celestial Mechanics
Authors: Celletti Alessandra , Gimeno Joan , Misquero Mauricio
Published: September 2022

We study the dynamics of two homogeneous rigid ellipsoids subject to their mutual gravitational influence. We assume that the spin axis of each ellipsoid coincides with its shortest physical axis and is perpendicular to the orbital plane. Due to such assumptions, the problem is planar and depends on particular parameters of the ellipsoids, most notably, the equatorial oblateness and the flattening with respect to the shortest physical axes. We consider two models for such configuration: while in the full model, there is a coupling between the orbital and rotational motions, in the Keplerian model, the centers of mass of the bodies are constrained to move on coplanar Keplerian ellipses. The Keplerian case, in the approximation that includes the coupling between the spins of the two ellipsoids, is what we call spin–spin problem, that is a generalization of the classical spin–orbit problem. In this paper we continue the investigations of Misquero (Nonlinearity 34:2191–2219, 2021) on the spin–spin problem by comparing it with the spin–orbit problem and also with the full model. Beside detailing the models associated to the spin–orbit and spin–spin problems, we introduce the notions of standard and balanced resonances, which lead us to investigate the existence of periodic and quasi-periodic solutions. We also give a qualitative description of the phase space and provide results on the linear stability of solutions for the spin–orbit and spin–spin problems. We conclude by providing a comparison between the full and the Keplerian models with particular reference to the interaction between the rotational and orbital motions.
Pediatric robotic surgery: issues in management—expert consensus from the Italian Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SARNePI) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (SICP)
Authors: Tesoro Simonetta , Gamba Piergiorgio , Bertozzi Mirko , Borgogni Rachele , Caramelli Fabio , Cobellis Giovanni , Cortese Giuseppe , Esposito Ciro , Gargano Tommaso , Garra Rossella , Mantovani Giulia , Marchesini Laura , Mencherini Simonetta , Messina Mario , Neba Gerald Rogan , Pelizzo Gloria , Pizzi Simone , Riccipetitoni Giovanna , Simonini Alessandro , Tognon Costanza , Lima Mario
Published: September 2022

Background

Pediatric robotic-assisted surgeries have increased in recent years; however, guidance documents are still lacking. This study aimed to develop evidence-based recommendations, or best practice statements when evidence is lacking or inadequate, to assist surgical teams internationally.

Methods

A joint consensus taskforce of anesthesiologists and surgeons from the Italian Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SARNePI) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (SICP) have identified critical areas and reviewed the available evidence. The taskforce comprised 21 experts representing the fields of anesthesia (n = 11) and surgery (n = 10) from clinical centers performing pediatric robotic surgery in the Italian cities of Ancona, Bologna, Milan, Naples, Padua, Pavia, Perugia, Rome, Siena, and Verona. Between December 2020 and September 2021, three meetings, two Delphi rounds, and a final consensus conference took place.

Results

During the first planning meeting, the panel agreed on the specific objectives, the definitions to apply, and precise methodology. The project was structured into three subtopics: (i) preoperative patient assessment and preparation; (ii) intraoperative management (surgical and anesthesiologic); and (iii) postoperative procedures. Within these phases, the panel agreed to address a total of 18 relevant areas, which spanned preoperative patient assessment and patient selection, anesthesiology, critical care medicine, respiratory care, prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pain management.

Conclusion

Collaboration among surgeons and anesthesiologists will be increasingly important for achieving safe and effective RAS procedures. These recommendations will provide a review for those who already have relevant experience and should be particularly useful for those starting a new program.
Scalable and Robust Dual-Primal Newton–Krylov Deluxe Solvers for Cardiac Electrophysiology with Biophysical Ionic Models
Authors: Huynh Ngoc Mai Monica , Pavarino Luca F. , Scacchi Simone
Published: September 2022

The focus of this work is to provide an extensive numerical study of the parallel efficiency and robustness of a staggered dual-primal Newton–Krylov deluxe solver for implicit time discretizations of the Bidomain model. This model describes the propagation of the electrical impulse in the cardiac tissue, by means of a system of parabolic reaction-diffusion partial differential equations. This system is coupled to a system of ordinary differential equations, modeling the ionic currents dynamics. A staggered approach is employed for the solution of a fully implicit time discretization of the problem, where the two systems are solved successively. The arising nonlinear algebraic system is solved with a Newton–Krylov approach, preconditioned by a dual-primal Domain Decomposition algorithm in order to improve convergence. The theoretical analysis and numerical validation of this strategy has been carried out in Huynh et al. (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 44, B224–B249, 2022) considering only simple ionic models. This paper extends this study to include more complex biophysical ionic models, as well as the presence of ischemic regions, described mathematically by heterogeneous diffusion coefficients with possible discontinuities between subregions. The results of several numerical experiments show robustness and scalability of the proposed parallel solver.
Patient-derived intrafemoral orthotopic xenografts of peripheral blood or bone marrow from acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients: clinical characterization, methodology, and validation
Authors: Li Jun , Chen Hongkui , Zhao ShiZhu , Wen Danyi , Bi Lintao
Published: September 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are malignant clonal diseases of the hematopoietic system with an unsatisfactory overall prognosis.
The main obstacle is the increased resistance of AML and ALL cells to chemotherapy. The development and validation of new therapeutic strategies for acute leukemia require preclinical models that accurately recapitulate the genetic, pathological, and clinical features of acute leukemia. A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model is established using surgical orthotopic implantation. They closely resemble human tumor progression and microenvironment and are more reliable translational research tools than subcutaneous-transplant models. In this study, we established PDOX models by direct intrafemoral injection of bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from AML and ALL patients, characterized their pathology, cytology, and genetics, and compared the model's characteristics and drug responsiveness with those of the corresponding patients.
Sexual Desire in Women: Paradoxical and Nonlinear Associations with Anxiety and Depressed Mood
Authors: Bittoni Celeste , Kiesner Jeff
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study was to expand previous findings regarding paradoxical effects of negative mood on sexual desire. This was done by considering the full range of depressed mood and anxiety symptoms and using methods that are unaffected by recall bias and that don’t require participants to infer causal associations between their mood and sexual desire. A convenience sample of 213 university students completed daily questionnaires for approximately two months. Multilevel random-effects models were used to estimate average effects for the entire sample and to test for variability across participants in the associations between negative mood and sexual desire, controlling also for potential influences of the menstrual cycle. Previous findings showing that some women report decreased sexual desire and others increased sexual desire when depressed or anxious were confirmed. More importantly, for both depressed mood and anxiety, results demonstrated the presence of within-person paradoxical associations, whereby there were some women for whom both low and high levels of negative mood were associated with the same change (an increase or a decrease) in sexual desire. Related to these diverse response patterns, paradoxical associations between negative mood and sexual desire were also present at low levels of negative mood. The discussion underlines the importance of considering individual variability and multifactorial nonlinear models when studying sexual desire.
Exploring the Ownership of Child-Like Sex Dolls
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Lievesley Rebecca
Published: September 2022

There is a fervent social debate ongoing that relates to the ownership of child-like sex dolls. On the one hand, some proponents of dolls suggest that they offer a safe sexual outlet for minor-attracted people (MAPs) and could be used in efforts to prevent the sexual abuse of children. On the other side of the debate, child-like dolls are seen as articles that sexualize children, encourage deviant fantasies, and increase offending risk. To date, no empirical analyses have been undertaken with people who own such dolls. In this paper, we present data from child-like sex doll owners (n = 85) and MAPs who do not own dolls (n = 120) recruited from online forums visited by people who own sex dolls or forums for people with sexual attractions to children. Specifically, we compared their psychological characteristics and proclivities for sexual aggression. Among non-owners, 79.2% of participants declared an interest in owning a sex doll, which is higher than the 20–40% rate reported in adult-attracted samples of non-owners. We found few differences between the groups on most personality variables, with doll owners being less antisocial and anxiously attached than non-owners, but exhibiting more schizotypal traits. Related to offending proclivities, doll ownership was associated with lower levels of sexual preoccupation and self-reported arousal to hypothetical abuse scenarios, but higher levels of sexually objectifying behaviors and anticipated enjoyment of sexual encounters with children. We discuss these data in relation to a functional model of child-like sex doll ownership among MAPs.
Intersectional Immunity? Examining How Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation Combine to Shape Influenza Vaccination Among US Adults
Authors: Wilkins Kiana
Published: September 2022

Influenza vaccination is a critical preventive healthcare behavior designed to prevent spread of seasonal flu. This paper contributes to existing scholarship by applying an intersectional perspective to examine how influenza vaccination differs across specific intersections of racial/ethnic and sexual identity. Drawing on aggregated state-level data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2011 to 2020, I examine how flu vaccination differs across 18 racial/ethnic-by-sexual orientation groups (N = 1,986,432). Findings from descriptive analyses and logistic regression modeling demonstrate three key findings. First, it corroborates previous studies of vaccination, finding lower rates of flu vaccination among black adults relative to whites; gays/lesbians vaccinate at higher rates than heterosexuals and bisexuals, with bisexuals reporting lower vaccination relative to both heterosexuals and gays/lesbians. Second, it demonstrates how sexual orientation complicates established patterns between race/ethnicity and vaccination (e.g., influenza vaccination is more racially stratified among heterosexuals, with patterns more variable among gays/lesbians) and how race/ethnicity complicates previous patterns of vaccination by sexual orientation (e.g., Asian bisexuals vaccinate more than both heterosexuals). Third, findings pinpoint identities (e.g., black heterosexuals relative to their white peers and white bisexuals relative to their gay/lesbian peers) most in need of influenza vaccination outreach efforts. Implications for findings suggest that heterosexuals, especially black, may be less likely to vaccinate against influenza thus may need more encouragement from clinicians to vaccinate. Additionally, influenza vaccination should be free for all persons to lessen the barrier of access for this preventative healthcare.
Geometry-informed irreversible perturbations for accelerated convergence of Langevin dynamics
Authors: Zhang Benjamin J. , Marzouk Youssef M. , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos
Published: September 2022

We introduce a novel geometry-informed irreversible perturbation that accelerates convergence of the Langevin algorithm for Bayesian computation. It is well documented that there exist perturbations to the Langevin dynamics that preserve its invariant measure while accelerating its convergence. Irreversible perturbations and reversible perturbations (such as Riemannian manifold Langevin dynamics (RMLD)) have separately been shown to improve the performance of Langevin samplers. We consider these two perturbations simultaneously by presenting a novel form of irreversible perturbation for RMLD that is informed by the underlying geometry. Through numerical examples, we show that this new irreversible perturbation can improve estimation performance over irreversible perturbations that do not take the geometry into account. Moreover we demonstrate that irreversible perturbations generally can be implemented in conjunction with the stochastic gradient version of the Langevin algorithm. Lastly, while continuous-time irreversible perturbations cannot impair the performance of a Langevin estimator, the situation can sometimes be more complicated when discretization is considered. To this end, we describe a discrete-time example in which irreversibility increases both the bias and variance of the resulting estimator.
Post-treatment Outcomes and Changes in Health Literacy of People Discharged from Specialist Substance Use Disorder Treatment Services
Authors: Degan Tayla J. , Robinson Laura D. , Deane Frank P. , Baker Amanda L. , Kelly Peter J.
Published: September 2022

Health literacy comprises an individual’s ability to adequately access, understand and utilise health information, enabling effective navigation of the healthcare system. Low health literacy is a problem for people living with substance use disorders (SUDs). This study aims to examine whether health literacy changes for people discharged from specialist SUD treatment services. Two hundred thirty-one people recruited from residential SUD treatment services across New South Wales, Australia, completed a questionnaire upon entry into the service and again at 6 months post-treatment. Treatment outcomes were also measured. Three health literacy profiles were identified: lowest (n = 52, 22.5%), moderate (n = 111, 48.1%) and highest health literacy (n = 68, 29.4%). Lowest and moderate profiles showed improved health literacy at 6 months. However, the lowest profile still had significantly lower health literacy, quality of life and higher levels of psychological distress compared with participants in the highest profile at 6 months. People within the lowest health literacy profile improved, although they continued to experience lower health literacy and some poorer treatment outcomes. Health literacy interventions tailored for people within lowest health literacy profiles should be implemented and assessed for effectiveness within specialist SUD treatment services.
New models for symbolic data analysis
Authors: Beranger Boris , Lin Huan , Sisson Scott
Published: September 2022

Symbolic data analysis (SDA) is an emerging area of statistics concerned with understanding and modelling data that takes distributional form (i.e. symbols), such as random lists, intervals and histograms. It was developed under the premise that the statistical unit of interest is the symbol, and that inference is required at this level. Here we consider a different perspective, which opens a new research direction in the field of SDA. We assume that, as with a standard statistical analysis, inference is required at the level of individual-level data. However, the individual-level data are unobserved, and are aggregated into observed symbols—group-based distributional-valued summaries—prior to the analysis. We introduce a novel general method for constructing likelihood functions for symbolic data based on a desired probability model for the underlying measurement-level data, while only observing the distributional summaries. This approach opens the door for new classes of symbol design and construction, in addition to developing SDA as a viable tool to enable and improve upon classical data analyses, particularly for very large and complex datasets. We illustrate this new direction for SDA research through several real and simulated data analyses, including a study of novel classes of multivariate symbol construction techniques.
A field-based computing approach to sensing-driven clustering in robot swarms
Authors: Aguzzi Gianluca , Audrito Giorgio , Casadei Roberto , Damiani Ferruccio , Torta Gianluca , Viroli Mirko
Published: September 2022

Swarm intelligence leverages collective behaviours emerging from interaction and activity of several “simple” agents to solve problems in various environments. One problem of interest in large swarms featuring a variety of sub-goals is swarm clustering, where the individuals of a swarm are assigned or choose to belong to zero or more groups, also called clusters. In this work, we address the sensing-based swarm clustering problem, where clusters are defined based on both the values sensed from the environment and the spatial distribution of the values and the agents. Moreover, we address it in a setting characterised by decentralisation of computation and interaction, and dynamicity of values and mobility of agents. For the solution, we propose to use the field-based computing paradigm, where computation and interaction are expressed in terms of a functional manipulation of fields, distributed and evolving data structures mapping each individual of the system to values over time. We devise a solution to sensing-based swarm clustering leveraging multiple concurrent field computations with limited domain and evaluate the approach experimentally by means of simulations, showing that the programmed swarms form clusters that well reflect the underlying environmental phenomena dynamics.
Ambidextrous structures paving the way for disruptive business models: a conceptual framework
Authors: Stoiber Kristina , Matzler Kurt , Hautz Julia
Published: September 2022

Today companies are facing challenges to survive due to substantial transformations induced by digital technologies, ever-changing consumer demands, and environmental uncertainties. Thus, companies need to be innovative to sustain competitive advantages. Scholars and practitioners have recognized the potential of disruptive innovations as a key factor for a company’s competitiveness. Yet, such innovations often challenge established companies due to the tensions between their traditional business model and the newly emerging business model required for disruptive change. The theory of ambidextrous organizations has offered a variety of solutions to tackle these barriers referring to the alignment of exploration and exploitation within an organization’s structure. Current literature, however, faces inconsistencies regarding how this can be achieved. With this study, we therefore aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how ambidextrous structures enable incumbent companies to reduce the barriers to disruptive business models. On the basis of a systematic literature review, we analyze and compare potential structures and their characteristics proposed in the ambidexterity literature. Drawing on our review, we conceptualize a framework linking the different organizational structures to the barriers associated with disruptive business models. Our framework identifies a range of seven structures which can resolve the barriers and thus support managers in their structural decisions on how to align exploration and exploitation to pave the way for disruptive business models.
The ‘Private’ Sphere of Integration? Reconfiguring Gender Roles Within Syrian Refugee Families in the UK
Authors: Habash Dunya , Omata Naohiko
Published: September 2022

Drawing on qualitative research with resettled Syrian refugee families in Oxfordshire, UK, this article explores changes in gender roles and norms within these families. While issues related to the integration of refugees have been a central concern in policy discussions in the Global North, most research undertaken has been ‘gender-blind’, consequently making invisible the different experiences encountered by male and female refugees in the process of integration. Based on 60 semi-structured interviews with resettled Syrian families, 20 interviews with staff members from local NGOs and government agencies, and two focus group discussions with female refugees, we discovered that changes in gender roles and responsibilities often resulted in confusion, disputes, and tension between wives and husbands. By exploring these ‘private’ challenges, the article ultimately proposes a more holistic understanding of refugee integration, shedding more light on the socio-cultural dimension of integration—crucial knowledge for facilitating the smooth adjustment of refugees into a very different living environment.
A new combination is required in Conocliniopsis (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae)
Authors: Hind D. J. Nicholas
Published: September 2022

A new combination, Conocliniopsis grossedentata, in Conocliniopsis R.M.King & H.Rob. (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae) is provided. An earlier assessment of Prince Maximilian Wied-Neuwied’s collections (sent by Martius to Colla), proposed that Colla’s Eupatorium grossedentatum was a new synonym of Lourteigia ballotifolia (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., a Colombian endemic. A critical assessment of Wied’s collection has indicated that the material, collected in Brazil near the Bahian coast, on the banks of the Rio Belmonte (= Rio Jequitinhonha), is conspecific with the plant more usually known as Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Colla’s name pre-dates that of de Candolle’s Conoclinium prasiifolium, the basionym of Conocliniopsis prasiifolia; a new combination is necessary. A full synonymy of Conocliniopsis grossedentata is provided, types indicated, and other issues discussed.
miR Profile of Chronic Right Ventricular Pacing: a Pilot Study in Children with Congenital Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Navarre Brittany M. , Clouthier Katie L. , Ji Xuhuai , Taylor Anne , Weldy Chad S. , Dubin Anne M. , Reddy Sushma
Published: September 2022

Chronic ventricular pacing can lead to pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Clinical data alone is insufficient to predict who will develop PICM. Our study aimed to evaluate the circulating miR profile associated with chronic right ventricular pacing in children with congenital complete AV block (CCAVB) and to identify candidate miRs for longitudinal monitoring. Clinical data and blood were collected from chronically paced children (N = 9) and compared with non-paced controls (N = 13). miR microarrays from the buffy coat revealed 488 differentially regulated miRs between groups. Pathway analysis predicted both adaptive and maladaptive miR signaling associated with chronic pacing despite preserved ventricular function. Greater profibrotic signaling (miRs-92a, 130, 27, 29) and sodium and calcium channel dysregulation (let-7) were seen in those paced > 10 years with the most dyregulation seen in a patient with sudden death vs. those paced < 10 years. These miRs may help to identify early adverse remodeling in this population.

Graphical abstract