bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value heterochromatin and polymorphic varian gene folat cycle in women with miscarried and losses of pregnancy
Authors:   Kharkiv specialized medical genetic centre, Ukraine, Taran Kyzy Jafar Aliyev
Published: December 2020

The article presents data from surveys of women of losses of pregnancy (LP) in history, conducted within the medical genetic counseling, given the urgency of specifying genetic factors that actually are in causal connection with the LP specification clinical effects of epigenetic variability. The objective: to clarify the meaning of the changes in women heterochromatin (chromosomal polymorphism) and polymorphic variants of genes folat cycle enzymes as potential risk factors and pathogenic primordial LP. Patients and methods. The study involved two groups of women: I - 154 observations with complicated obstetric history in LP and II - 32 healthy women with uncomplicated reproductive history, held preconception planning to prevent pregnancy. Studied genealogical history, especially of internal organs, genitalia. Special studies included cytogenetic analysis, identification of gene polymorphisms system folat cycle methylentetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] (C677T, A1298C, G1793A); methionine synthase reductase [MTRR] (A66G). Results. Women with a history of LP in 36.4% identified chromosome polymorphisms (SNPs extreme variants of chromosome polymorphism) on the background of various risk alleles of polymorphic variants of genes folat cycle; 7.1% of them is a polymorphism of the 21st chromosome. These genetic features are interpreted as a significant risk factor for LP as grounds for targeted in-depth medical and genetic examination. Prevalence among women with a history of PL undifferentiated forms cjnnective tissue and mesoderm dysplasia, benign tumors and «precancerous» states, as well as the prevalence of cardiovascular and psycho-neurological disease in pedigree suggests pathogenetic link these phenomena, the role of chromosomal polymorphism and polymorphic variants of genes of pathogenic folat cycle as primordial. Conclusion. The data on the place and role of heterochromatin and gene polymorphisms folat cycle in the origin LP should be mandatory option when examining women within the medical genetic counseling. Key words: pregnancy, reproductive losses, chromosomal instability, folat cycle genes, ancestry.
Our experience of appying Plasmolifting technology (Plasmoliftingtm) in treatment of infertility in women
Authors:   Kyiv International University, Ukraine, Bogoslav Yu.P. , Gulmamedova I.D. ,   PE Ukrainian Institute of Strategic Research of the MHC of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ahmerov R.R. ,   Clinic Happy family, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yakovets A.M. ,   Clinic SEM+ya, Donetsk, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The objective: to improve the efficiency of infertility treatment methods with the help of assisted reproductive technologies by supplementing a set of preparatory measures with autoplasma treatment via the PlasmoliftingTM technology. Patients and methods. The study involved 93 women of reproductive age (63 infertile patients prepared for IVF, and 30 healthy women). Results. The use of autologous plasma in compliance with the developed technology allowed to increase significantly the number of oocytes and endometrial thickness in IVF cycle, resulting in increased procedure efficiency by 10%. Conclusions. We recommend the use of autologous plasma under the developed technology in women while preparing for the IVF cycle. Key words: female infertility, IVF, autoplasma, Plasmolifting.
Features of gestational dynamics of levels of toxic elements in serum and erythrocytes of women of all reproductive age give birth first time
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Markevich V.V.
Published: December 2020

The objective: to study features of gestational dynamics of levels of toxic elements in serum and erythrocytes of women of all reproductive age give birth first time. Patients and methods. Detection of toxic ME conducted in serum and erythrocytes of pregnant women of early, middle and high reproductive age who gave birth for the first time. Reproductive age of pregnant women was 16.33±0.21 years, 24.67±0.37 and 36.14±0.77 years. The study was conducted in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy at 10.26±0.34, 23.23±0.51 and 36.08±0.59 weeks of gestation. Content of ME (chromium, nickel, lead, cadmium) in biological substrates was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer C-115 MI equipped computer console for automatic calculation of ME content production Selmi (Ukraine). Results. In pregnant women of middle reproductive age changing of contents of toxic microelements were different - serum level of nickel and chromium significantly decreased, its associated with a significant deterioration of the placental barrier against them in the third trimester of pregnancy and transporting them to the fetus. Increased serum lead opposite rising due to the ability of the placenta blocking its active transport. In the blood of pregnant women of middle reproductive age was detected extremely toxic cadmium, while its content in serum and erythrocytes has been steady throughout the pregnancy. Comparative analysis of contents and balance of microelements in serum and erythrocytes in women giving birth for the first time, during pregnancy indicates a more unfavorable structure of the contents of toxic elements in women of early reproductive age compared to the women of middle reproductive age. Until the end of the third trimester of pregnancy there is an increasing of content of toxic nickel and lead in red blood cells and in serum – cadmium. In women of older reproductive age compared to the women of middle reproductive observed trend of increasing toxic nickel and cadmium in blood serum and erythrocytes. Conclusions. The perspective is to determine the role of the placenta in protecting the fetus from exposure of toxic elements and its functions – transport, barrier, depositing on toxic trace elements during the gestational process. Key words: toxic elements, pregnant women, reproductive age, first birth.
Individualisation treatment of patients with epithelial ovarian tumors in view of the clinical-morphological signs and additional definition of immunohistochemistry markers
Authors:   Ukrainian National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine, Nespradko S.V. , Melnyk M.M. ,   National children's specialized hospital «OKHMATDYT», Kyiv, Ukraine, Goncharuk I.V. ,   Ukrainian National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The complexity of clinical diagnosis (asyptomatic) of epithelial ovarian tumors and large number of morphological (histological) types of their structure requires in modern conditions applying additional immunohistochemical markers that allows you to individualization the treatment tactics and determine prognosis. The objective: to determine immunohistochemical markers (ER, PR, p53, Ki-67, CD34, E-cadherin) in tumors of the ovaries for individualization treatment and prognosis. Patients and methods. Ovarian neoplasms among 30 patients. Morphological and histological immunohistochemical methods. Results. The largest part of our study of ovarian endometrioid cyst neoplasms amounted to – 15 cases (50%), serous cyst 4 cases (14%), serous borderline tumors-3 cases (10%), the serous borderline malignancy tumor of type well differentiated serous adenocarcinoma GI-II–1 (3%), a case of mucinous cyst – 1 (3%) case, borderline mucinous tumor – 3 (10%) case 2 (7%) case combination of endometrioid and serous cysts, 1 (3%) case-mature dermoid cyst. Receptors of estrogen, progesterone and the proliferation marker Ki-67 are key predictive markers, high rate of 70% and the first low rate of less proliferation than 10% indicates a favorable prognosis and lets you customize the hormonal treatment with serous and endometrioid cysts, particular more favourable cases when border serous cysts. Mutant protein p53 helps to determine, in particular in the group of borderline serous and mucinos tumor adverse events which are subject to active monitoring and clinical application of preventive chemotherapy. Cell adhesion marker E-cadherin had practical significance in differential diagnosis, in particular for rendering the epithelial lining in endometrioid cysts, the absolute correlation decrease cell adhesion (intensity expression) is not detected in different histological types (factor into «true» membrane and atypical expression in the cytoplasm), antigen CD34 also, marker of vascular density did not have applied practical significance due to cystic ovarian neoplasm morphological structure, lack of unified field measuring micro-vessels. Conclusion: neoplasm the ovaries along with the classical histological method of advisable include immunohistochemistry markers, which allow you to more accurately determine their biological nature, improve diagnostics, individualized treatment and tactics determine prognosis. Key words: epithelial ovarian tumors, diagnosis, treatment, immuhistochemical method.
Clinical-anamnestic analysis of the course and treatment of benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Yegorov M.Yu. , Sukhanova A.A. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The objective: study the features of gynecological, physical history, diagnosis and treatment of patients with benign epithelial ovarian tumors (BeEOT) and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors (BEOT), determining the frequency of recurrence of ovarian tumors in the postoperative period. Patients and methods. According to a retrospective analysis of case histories of 112 women with epithelial ovarian tumors (EOT) underwent conservative or radical surgical treatment in a hospital, two groups were formed: I group – patients with benign epithelial ovarian tumors (BeEOT), which amounted to 85 (75.9%) women, and group II – patients with borderline epithelial ovarian tumors (BEOT), which amounted to 27 (24.1%) women. It was found that the main complaints of patients with EOT were pain (49.1%), abdominal distension (17%), and abnormal uterine bleeding (12.5%). The highest incidence of BeEOT (31.8%) observed in the age group of 41–50 years, while the peak incidence of BEOT (44.4%) corresponds to the age group of 51–60 years. Results. In BEOT endocrine pathology occurs significantly more frequently (p<0.05) than in BeEOT – 25.9% vs. 9.4%, respectively. Pathology of pancreatic-hepatobiliary system occurs significantly more frequently (p<0.05) in patients with BEOT compared with BeEOT – 81.5% versus 57.6%, respectively. Venous disorders (varicose veins of the pelvic organs, lower limbs, haemorrhoids) observed in BEOT significantly more frequently (p<0.05) than in BeEOT – 18.5% vs. 5.9%, respectively. EOT most often diagnosed in the period from 1 to 6 months after the first clinical manifestations with an average uptake of medical care 4.6±0.57 months. In assessing of peritoneal exudate cytogram the mesothelium cells are significantly more common for BeEOT (p<0.01) than BEOT – 79.4% versus 40.9%, respectively. Cervicitis is more likely significantly to occur in BeEOT (p<0.01) than in BEOT – 29.4% vs. 7.4%, respectively. The most common histological type among the benign tumors of the ovaries are endometriomas, which occurred in 48.2% of all BeEOT cases, and among the borderline tumors – serous tumors, which accounted for 59.3% of all BEOTs. Conclusion. The use of organ sparing surgery in EOT increases the risk of recurrence, especially in the case of endometrial histology or borderline variant of tumor. Key words: benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors, clinical-anamnestic analysis, diagnosis, treatment.
Modern neurochemical and molecular genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of neonatal seizures
Authors:   Scientific-Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K. Faradzheva, Baku, Azerbaijan, Gasimova Yegana Aydin
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the modern aspects of the pathogenesis of neonatal seizures (NS). The main mechanisms of the development of perinatal brain injuries, which are fundamental in the genesis of NS, are considered, the prospects for research devoted to the study of the possibilities of molecular genetic prediction of the individual risk of ischemia and the development of NS are outlined. The mechanisms of ischemic brain damage during the neonatal period and the role of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter acting on NMDA receptors that regulate the electrical activity of neurons, are described in detail. The review focuses on the involvement of metalloproteinases, primarily MMP-9, which destroys type IV collagen, which is the main component of the basement membrane of the cerebral endothelium, and creates conditions for cell migration across the BBB, thereby causing a cytokine storm and the development of inflammation, leading to NS. The possible role of calcium-dependent proteinases — calpains in the development of NS is analyzed, since in some forms of CNS pathology, uncontrolled hyperactivation of calpains is observed, leading to a disruption of the regulation of neurotransmitter transmission, which can, in turn, become an additional factor for the development of the neurodegenerative process in the brain and the development of seizures. Also are presented the results of studies devoted to the role of ion channels, providing synaptic transmission of excitation from an excited neuron to other cells. It has been shown that molecular defects in ion channels can be one of the factors that create prerequisites for the development of NS. The article shows the prospects for studying the genetic polymorphism of enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage, based on ideas about the pathogenesis of cerebral disorders in newborns, which are based on oxidative damage. The concluding part of the article outlines the modern principles of NS therapy, their main goal is to relieve the symptoms of the underlying disease, to ensure the normalization of blood circulation and brain metabolism, to optimize the conditions for the functioning of the preserved brain structures to prevent the formation of severe neurological complications, as well as to maintain optimal parameters of respiration, glucose-electrolyte composition of blood and thermal regime. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that early diagnosis of NS is necessary, which is determined by the fact that seizures in newborns are usually caused by serious damage to the child's brain, and in some cases — by life-threatening conditions, the timely diagnosis of which contributes to the early onset of specific treatment. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: newborn, cerebral ischemia, neonatal seizures.
Rational choice of mucoactive phytopreparations in pediatrics: complex pharmacological action, efficacy, safety
Authors:   Institute for Advanced Training of Pharmacy Specialists of the National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Mishchenko O.Ya.
Published: December 2020

Cough is one of the most common symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections in childhood. In the treatment of acute respiratory infections accompanied by cough in children, the main task is to stop the cough by improving the rheological properties of bronchial secretions for their early withdrawal. Cough can be effectively treated only by improving the discharge of mucus from the respiratory tract. For this purpose, mucoactive drugs are used: secretolytics, capable of thinning mucus (mucolytic action), and secretomotor drugs, which improve its output (expectorant effect). Among the many mucoactive drugs in pediatrics, preference is given to herbal drugs, which have a milder expectorant effect compared to synthetic drugs, and are better tolerated. On the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market there is Gederin Ivy Syrup, a preparation with ivy extract. Among the complex of effects of the ivy leaf extract (expectorant, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory), the unique action that distinguishes it from other herbal and synthetic drugs is bronchospasmolytic one. Taking this into account, preparations with ivy extract can be recommended for respiratory infections accompanied by obstruction. These can be both acute and chronic conditions occurring with reversible narrowing of the airways. Due to its natural composition, the drug is safe. Side effects from Gederin Ivy syrup are very rare. In patients with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug some allergic reactions (mainly rash), as well as gastrointestinal disorders are possible. It should not be administered to patients suffering from fructose intolerance. Sorbitol, which is a component of the syrup, can cause a slight laxative effect. Thus, the combination of such effects of ivy extract in the preparation Gederin Ivy – expectorant (mucokinetic and secretolytic), bronchospasmolytic and anti-inflammatory – predetermines its expressive clinical efficacy in the treatment of cough, as well as good tolerance. And this allows it to be widely used in the complex therapy of bronchitis in pediatric practice. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: Mucoactive phytopreparations, children, treatment, ivy extract, efficacy, safety.
A new concept of functional nutrition in early childhood
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Banadyha N.V.
Published: December 2020

Pediatric aspects of the problem of preservation of each person, above all, are to provide the baby with complete food in terms of the content of essential nutrients necessary for harmonious development, and it must be — functional. New concepts of adequate feeding of young children provide a balanced composition, biological value, multiple preventive effects of food. These requirements are сompletely presented in breastfeeding, which, despite the balanced content of essential nutrients, contains a mixture of biotics (pre-, pro-, synbiotics), among which a special place is — postbiotics. The most studied biotics are pre-, pro-, synbiotics, while postbiotics have not received adequate coverage in the scientific literature for a long time. Postbiotics — a relatively new term, which means biologically active components that are formed during fermentation, including microbial cells, metabolic products. Functional nutrition with the use of postbiotics has certain advantages in terms of safety, biological properties, pharmaceutical effects, compared with the use of live probiotics. At the same time it is possible to avoid risk of translocation of bacteria from intestine to blood, to provide a proper metabolism, stability. At the same time, the use of postbiotics enhances the effect of their own individual microflora, as opposed to the introduction of foreign probiotics into the intestinal lumen, which should be considered as a safe alternative to living probiotic microbes; which motivates the use of functional nutrition in children who do not receive breast milk. In modern conditions, it is already possible to use a mixture of Nutrilon Premium+, characterized by the content of prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS), postbiotic (including 3'GL), enriched with a complex of vitamins, minerals, increased content of omega-3 and omega-6, which provides harmonious development and has a preventive effect in children who are deprived of the opportunity to receive breast milk. Conclusions. The use of postbiotics in food (milk formulas) for children of the first years of life provides harmonious physical and psycho+emotional development, has a preventive effect (on functional disorders of the digestive system, infectious and allergic diseases), has a high level of safety and clinical efficacy. The combination of prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS) and postbiotic — 3-galactosyllactose (3'GL) in new milk formulas has good tolerance, provides multiple prophylactic effects, which determines its functionality and advantages over other dairy formulas. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: children, functional nutrition, postbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, fermented formulas.
Creative Contamination
Authors: Editors The
Published: December 2020

Jack Zipes conceptualizes the process of adaptation as contamination, a term used by folklorists to describe foreign augmentation to what appears to be a pure narrative tradition. Although this has traditionally had a negative connotation, Zipes (2001) posits that it has generative aspects as well. “Contamination can be an enrichment process; it can lead to the birth of something unique and genuine in its own right” (p.102). We see the process of contamination at work in adaptations.

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Submissions due May 15, 2021.
Influence of Expenditures in the Development of the Digital Economy on the Volume of Russia's GDP
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Petrov S. P. , Maslov M. P. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Karpovich A. I. ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to assess the effectiveness of achieving planned investment indicators within the framework of the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» and the adequacy of investments in the digitalization of the economy to form positive dynamics of Russia's GDP. The hypothesis is tested about the presence of influence, along with the indicators of the functioning of traditional sectors of the economy, of indicators of digital sectors of the economy and indicators of investments in digital transformation in Russia. The methodology for such calculation is based on the theory of elasticity, which can be used to analyze the efficiency of resources (investments) in the case of alleged underfunding of a certain economic entity, that took place in the case of the specified program. This technique involves the construction of a Cobb-Douglas production function. The data of Russian statistical compilations in the regional context for the period from 2015 to 2018 were used as an information base for calculating and constructing a production function. Within the adopted specification of the cross-sectional regression model, the parameters of the production function were determined for each year within the specified period. Also, the predicted values ​​of the indicators of the used information base for 2019 and 2020 were determined using the linear regression method, and, proceeding from them, parameters of the production function were determined. Due to the incompatibility of data on the indicator of internal costs for the development of the digital economy in the program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation» and the statistical indicator of the cost of information and communication technologies, it was necessary to calculate the ratio between these indicators. The solution to this problem showed that these indicators are in good agreement with each other with a difference of only a few percent. The final result of the study is an assessment of GDP losses while maintaining the dynamics of digitalization costs observed in 2015-2018, suggesting continuation of the trend towards the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program being underfunded in 2019 and 2020.
Spatial analysis of leisure-time physical activity in an urban area
Authors: Gomes Crizian Saar , Vieira Carolina Santiago , Rocha Fabiana Lucena , Temponi Hanrieti Rotelli , Vieira Maria Alice Souza , Mendes Mayara Santos , Tiensoli Sabrina Daros , Costa Marcelo Azevedo , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a Brazilian urban area and its association with the characteristics of the physical and social environments. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases from the years 2008–2010, in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The outcome was the practice of LTPA and the independent variables were residential and population density, the density of places for physical activity, homicide rates, average family income, and health vulnerability index. The spatial scanning technique was employed to identify clusters with a high prevalence of PA at leisure time. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare variables inside and outside the cluster. Results: The sample included 5,779 participants, 33.3% (SE = 0.73) of whom reported sufficient PA during leisure time. We identified a significant cluster of a high prevalence of LTPA. After adjustments, the cluster presented a radius of 3,041.99 meters and 603 individuals, and 293 (48.6%) of them reported sufficient LTPA. The probability of performing sufficient LTPA in the cluster was 27% higher (PR = 1.27; p = 0.002) than in the coverage areas of primary healthcare units outside the cluster. There was a higher density of places for LTPA practice, higher population and residential density, and higher family income in the cluster. Conclusion: The results evidenced a cluster of high prevalence of LTPA in a privileged physical and socioeconomic environment in Belo Horizonte, even after adjustments, demonstrating that reducing inequalities can increase LTPA.
Estimates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus prevalence according to Health Vulnerability Index in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Crizian Saar , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Moreira Alexandra Dias , Teixeira Renato Azeredo , Cardoso Laís Santos de Magalhães , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes for small areas in Belo Horizonte, according to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). Methods: Ecological study with data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) conducted in Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2013. The self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension were evaluated. The estimates of prevalence and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated using the direct and indirect method by HVI grouped into four categories: low, medium, high and very high health risk. Results: During the period evaluated, 26% (95%CI 25.2 – 26.8) and 6.1% (95%CI 6.7 – 6.5) of the adult population from Belo Horizonte reported being hypertensive and diabetic, respectively. According to the indirect method to obtain estimates of hypertension and diabetes prevalences per HVI, it was found that areas of very high risk had a higher prevalence of adults with hypertension (38.6%; 95%CI 34.8 – 42.4) and diabetes (16.2%; 95%CI 13.1 – 19.3) when compared to the low risk (28.2%; 95%CI 27.0 – 29.4 and 6%; 95%CI 5.4 – 6.7, respectively). Conclusion: The adult population living in areas at high risk for health had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with a lower risk.
Convergence in alcohol abuse in Brazilian capitals between genders, 2006 to 2019: what population surveys show
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Silva Alanna Gomes da , Prates Elton Junio Sady , Alves Francielle Thalita Almeida , Cristo Elier Broche , Machado Ísis Eloah
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of the prevalence of alcohol abuse among adults in Brazilian capitals, between 2006 and 2019. Methods: Time series study, based on data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel), between 2006 and 2019. The population consisted of adults (≥ 18 years old) with landline telephone residing in Brazilian capitals. The trend analysis was performed by linear regression. Results: Between 2006 and 2019 there was a significant increase (p = 0.03) in the abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages in the total adult population, from 15.6 to 18.8%. Among men, there was a stability trend (p = 0.96), and among women, there was an increase from 7.7 to 13.3% (p < 0.001; β = 0.295). In the male gender stratified by capitals, from 2006 to 2019 there was a reduction in Belém, Fortaleza, João Pessoa, Macapá, Manaus, Natal, Recife, São Luis, and Teresina. On the other hand, there was growth in the Federal District. Among women, the trend was upward in: Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Goiânia, Palmas, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo, Vitória, and the Federal District. Conclusion: The results indicate that more adult women are currently drinking in excess compared to previous years, suggesting an increased risk of alcohol-related harm in this portion of the population in Brazilian capitals, bringing about a convergence effect with the prevalence among men and women.
Adapting Behavior via Intrinsic Reward: A Survey and Empirical Study
Authors: Linke Cam , Ady Nadia M. , White Martha , Degris Thomas , White Adam
Published: December 2020

Learning about many things can provide numerous benefits to a reinforcement learning system. For example, learning many auxiliary value functions, in addition to optimizing the environmental reward, appears to improve both exploration and representation learning. The question we tackle in this paper is how to sculpt the stream of experience—how to adapt the learning system’s behavior—to optimize the learning of a collection of value functions. A simple answer is to compute an intrinsic reward based on the statistics of each auxiliary learner, and use reinforcement learning to maximize that intrinsic reward. Unfortunately, implementing this simple idea has proven difficult, and thus has been the focus of decades of study. It remains unclear which of the many possible measures of learning would work well in a parallel learning setting where environmental reward is extremely sparse or absent. In this paper, we investigate and compare different intrinsic reward mechanisms in a new bandit-like parallel-learning testbed. We discuss the interaction between reward and prediction learners and highlight the importance of introspective prediction learners: those that increase their rate of learning when progress is possible, and decrease when it is not. We provide a comprehensive empirical comparison of 14 different rewards, including well-known ideas from reinforcement learning and active learning. Our results highlight a simple but seemingly powerful principle: intrinsic rewards based on the amount of learning can generate useful behavior, if each individual learner is introspective.
Steel and composite tied-arch bridges: a conceptual approach to structural design
Authors: Granata Michele Fabio , Arici Marcello , Longo Giuseppe , Recupero Antonino
Published: December 2020

The behaviour of tied-arch bridges with composite decks (bowstring bridges) is overly sensitive to the different choices made by the designer in the first phases of the conceptual approach, mainly in the design of the arch and the deck. The geometry of the arch shape, the design of the arch–tie joint and the construction sequence can significantly modify the global behaviour in terms of stress state and deformed configuration. After a general discussion on the different parameters affecting the behaviour of bowstring bridges with steel–concrete composite decks, the consequences of choices made in the conceptual design phases are discussed, analysing the effects of each choice on the global behaviour of the bridge with particular focus on the potential for significant concrete slab cracking and on the reinforcement amount to be used in the deck slab for limiting the crack widths. Acting on geometry, materials and construction sequence, the bridge behaviour can be optimised, and examples of this approach are shown for two actual cases of bridges in southern Italy.
Peridynamic modelling of clay erosion
Authors: Sedighi Majid , Yan Huaxiang , Jivkov Andrey P.
Published: December 2020

Experimental observations of the erosion of clays indicate a high degree of coupling between the hydro-chemical processes in the clay–water system and the mechanics of erosion. In contrast with the volume of experimental work and the significance of swelling clay erosion in many geotechnical engineering problems, limited advances have been made with the predictive modelling of this phenomenon. The critical erosion step, missing in existing models, is the particles’ detachment from the moving boundary of the expanding clay – a discontinuous process. This paper presents, for the first time, a non-local formulation for clay erosion, which brings together clay swelling, particle detachment and detached particle transport, into a single modelling tool. The detachment criterion, an essential element of the integrated erosion model, is first tested against a series of experimental benchmarks to show the excellent agreement between calculated and experimental results. The integrated erosion model is subsequently validated by comparison with experimental data for the behaviour of compacted bentonite under several eroding environments. The results: (a) show clearly the capacity of the model to capture concurrently the free swelling of clay, the detachment of clay particles and the transport of detached particles in the eroding environment; and (b) support strongly the applicability of the model to account for the hydro-chemical conditions (composition and velocity) of the eroding environment. The proposed multi-physics non-local formulation, successfully validated for hydro-chemical effects on clay erosion, provides a robust framework for incorporating a wide set of additional couplings.
Relationship between perceived organizational support and work engagement in Mexican workers
Authors: Ortiz Isabeles Cristian Jonathan , García Avitia César Augusto
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The organizational support and the work engagement are important elements aligned with the psychology perspective of occupational health. Understanding the interaction between both variables in a context little explored as México and Latin America give an interesting contribution to its analysis.

Objective: Analyze the relationship between perceived organizational support and work engagement in Mexican workers.

Method: Cross-sectional and correlational design were employed in this study. A regression analysis was performed on the data obtained of the Survey Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) in their short and Spanish version. The sample consisted of 292 Mexican workers of the tertiary sector.

Results: Spearman correlation showed significant but weak correlations only between one dimension of perceived organizational support (satisfaction of socio-affective needs) and two dimensions of work engagement: vigor (rho = 0.33, p < 0.01) and dedication (rho = 0.28, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: The evidence found does not support an important relationship between the two variables unlike previous studies, but those were made in different contexts to Latin America and some were related to other variables. So, it is proposed to investigate relationship of perceived organizational support with the engagement considering other variables as mediating.
Efectos depresivos del aislamiento preventivo obligatorio asociados a la pandemia del Covid-19 en docentes y estudiantes de una universidad pública en Colombia
Authors: Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso , Hernández Suárez César Augusto , Prada Nuñez Raul
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Determinar los efectos depresivos causados por el aislamiento preventivo por la pandemia del Covid-19 en estudiantes y docentes universitarios.

Método: Enfoque cuantitativo a nivel descriptivo-correlacional. Se aplicó el inventario de depresión de Beck a una muestra de 100 docentes y 394 estudiantes de una universidad pública en Colombia.

Resultados: En cuanto a los niveles de afectación no hay diferencias significativas entre docentes y estudiantes, sin embargo, sí hay diferencias respecto al género, con mayor incidencia en los hombres; así mismo se identificó que las personas entre 16 y 35 años se ubican en los niveles de depresión moderada y grave. Para el estado civil se determinó con mayor presencia en la depresión mínima, contrario a las personas viudas que se concentran en el nivel de depresión grave.

Conclusión: Para las personas encuestadas se presentó algún nivel de afectación, lo que se convierte en un antecedente de los posibles efectos del aislamiento preventivo obligatorio. Los resultados del estudio son relevantes para la generación de programas de intervención en bienestar universitario que mitiguen el efecto de esta situación de anormalidad social. Dado que la muestra no es probabilística no se pueden hacer inferencias, sin embargo, los resultados reflejan la existencia de afectaciones en un grupo considerable de personas que no pueden ser deslegitimadas.
PEMBUATAN	KOMPOSIT	POLIMER	SUPERABSORBEN	DENGAN MESIN BERKAS ELEKTRON
Authors: Swantomo Deni , Megasari Kartini , Saptaaji Rany
Published: December 2020

PEMBUATAN    KOMPOSIT    POLIMER     SUPERABSORBEN    DENGAN MESIN BERKAS ELEKTRON. Polimer superabsorben adalah suatu polimer yang dapat mengabsorpsi air dan mempunyai daya serap sampai beberapa kali lipat dibandingkan berat polimernya. Polimer superabsorben dapat dimanfaatkan dalam banyak bidang diantaranya pembungkus makanan, teknik konstruksi, industri kimia, pengolahan limbah dan bahan pembuat sensor. Bahan utama polimer superabsorben adalah poliakrilamida. Poliakrilamida mempunyai kekurangan dalam kekuatan fisik dan kestabilan terhadap suhu. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan komposit polimer superabsorben menggunakan monomer akrilamida dan zeolit alam. Komposit polimer superabsorben dibuat dengan proses polimerisasi dan grafting akrilamida dengan zeolit alam menggunakan iradiasi mesin berkas elektron. Variabel yang dipelajari adalah dosis radiasi 15; 25; 28; 35; 48 kGy dan perbandingan akrilamida terhadap zeolit 0,5 : 1; 1 : 1;   2:1. Bertambahnya dosis radiasi akan meningkatkan konversi komposit yang dihasilkan dan kapasitas absorpsi polimer superabsorben. Setelah tercapai ikatan polimer yang sempurna, penambahan dosis radiasi akan menurunkan kapasitas absorpsi. Semakin besar perbandingan akrilamida terhadap zeolit akan menaikkan konversi komposit yang dihasilkan dan kapasitas absorpsi.
Penerapan Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance (Rcm) Berbasis Web Pada Sistem Pendingin Primer di Reaktor Serba Guna Ga. Siwabessy
Authors: Tahril Azis Mohammad , Suprawhardana M. Salman , Purwanto Teguh Pudji
Published: December 2020

Terkait fungsinya sebagai pendingin utama reaktor RSG GA. Siwabessy, untuk menjamin suhu di dalam teras dan reflektor sesuai batas operasi yang diijinkan selama reaktor beroperasi. Komponen–komponen sistem pendingin primer yang terkait harus mengacu pada daya termal reaktor dan dapat meminimalkan kebolehjadian kegagalan (failure) pada komponen supaya dalam pengoperasiannya reaktor aman dan selamat. Pengembangan RCM (Relibility Centered Maintenance) berbasis web dengan perangkat lunak Free Open Source Software (FOSS) / GPL (General Public License), akan membantu sebagai sistem informasi pendukung perawatan yang bisa bekerja dalam jaringan intranet/internet. Free Open Source Software (FOSS) merupakan perangkat lunak yang dapat memberikan jaminan kepada penggunanya untuk melakukan pengembangan, sharing dan melakukan perubahan jika diperlukan, terutama pengguna merasa yakin bahwa software tersebut benar-benar legal dan bebas (free software). Metode RCM merekomendasikan sebanyak 52 jenis perawatan dari task selection untuk diterapkan pada sistem pendingin primer dengan rincian 35% time directed (18 task), 63% condition directed (33 task) dan 1% failure finding (1 task). Kata kunci: Reliability Centered Maintenance, Free Open Source Software, Sistem Pendingin Primer , Web based System
Ketahanan Korosi Wadah Limbah Radioaktif Aktivitas Rendah dan Tinggi
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah
Published: December 2020

dalam uji coba
Penerapan Sistem Seifgrad Nuklir dan Tantangannya
Authors: Hiswara Eri
Published: December 2020

dalam uji coba
GANGGUAN OPERASI RSG-GAS PADA SIKLUS OPERASI 61-75
Authors: Wiranto Slamet
Published: December 2020

GANGGUAN  OPERASI  RSG-GAS  PADA  SIKLUS  OPERASI 61-75.  Belakangan ini sering terjadi gangguan operasi Reaktor Serba Guna G A Siwabessy (RSG-GAS) yang mengakibatkan pemadaman atau penurunan daya reaktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses dan jadwal operasi reaktor. Kondisi ini tentu sangat mengganggu program kerja RSG-GAS dan pengguna reaktor. Untuk  mengurangi dan atau menghilangkan gangguan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan kajian dengan cara mengamati. mempelajari asal dan jenis gangguan, kemudian mengevaluasi untuk mendapatkan solusi yang terbaik. Dari kajian ini diperoleh data bahwa gangguan penyebab pemadaman/penurunan daya reaktor sebanyak 57 kali oleh terjadinya trip listrik dari PLN, sebanyak 39 kali oleh kegagalan komponen/sistem, dan 7 kali oleh kesalahan operator. Kerusakan pada komponen & sistem tetapi tidak mengganggu jalannya operasi reaktor berjumlah 1063 kasus, hampir 99% dari gangguan tersebut dapat diperbaiki kembali. Antisipasi untuk mengatasi gangguan ini dilakukan dengan mengkomplain PT.PLN agar memperbaiki pelayanannya, meningkatkan kinerja sistem perawatan dan perbaikan, serta memberikan pelatihan yang cukup kepada operator reaktor. Dari pengamatan data gangguan secara rinci diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa sistem perawatan/perbaikan RSG­GAS telah berlangsung relatif baik.
UJI FUNGSI PROTOTIP PERANGKAT MEKANIK BRAKITERAPI MDR-Ir192-IB10
Authors: Harjanto Tri , M. Indarzah , Satmoko Ari
Published: December 2020

UJI FUNGSI PROTOTIP PERANGKAT MEKANIK BRAKITERAPI MDR-lrI92-IB10. Telah dilakukan uji fungsi prototip sistem mekanik perangkat brakiterapi MDR-lr-I92-IB10, untuk mendapatkan data kesesuaian antara persyaratan disain dengan hasil prolotip yang telah dibuat. Perangkat ini merupakan prototip hasil rancang bangun PRPN-Batan yang bertujuan untuk terapi kanker. Serangkaian uji perangkat brakiterapi harus dilakukan untuk memperoleh data unjuk kerja. Perangkat brakiterapi merupakan integrasi dari sistem yang terdiri dari komponen sumber radiasi. Sistem mekanik dan software kontrol serta treatment planning system (TPS). Pada uji fungsi ini yang diamati adalah unjuk kerja integrasi sumber radiasi dengan sistem mekanik dengan tolok ukur ketepatan perintah software pada distribusi channel, kecepatan sumber diharapkan 35 mm/detik dan ketepatan posisi simpangan diharapkan maksimum 1 mm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ketepatan perpindahan distributor channel sesuai rancangan, kecepatan sumber hasil pengamatan antara 15 mm/dt sampai 20 mm/detik masih dibawah kecepatan yang diharapkan, sedangkan ketepatan posisi cukup baik kurang dari 1 mm.
TINJAUAN PROSES PELAPISAN TRISO SECARA FLUIDISASI PADA PARTIKEL UO2 DAN PENGARUH TEMPERATUR PADA LAPISAN SIC
Authors: Sigit Sigit
Published: December 2020

TINJAUAN PROSES PELAPISAN TRISO SECARA FLUIDlSASI PADA PARTIKEL UO2, DAN PENGARUH TEMPERATUR PADA LAPlSAN SiC. Tinjauan mengenai proses pelapisan TRISO pada partikel UO2, dengan cara fluidisasi dan pengaruh temperatur pada lapisan SiC yang terbentuk bertujuan untuk menyiapkan proses pelapisan kernel tersinter sebagai bahan bakar Reaktor berpendingin Gas Temperatur Tinggi (RGTT) dengan mempelajari dan memahami terlebih dahulu proses fluidisasi dan pelapisan sehingga akan mempermudah dalam pelaksanaan proses pelapisan, mengingat fluidisasi memegang peran yang sangat penting. Reaktor berpendingin Gas Temperatur Tinggi atau High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) menggunakan partikel (kernel) bahan bakar UO2, UCO, campuran UO2+ThO2, atau UC+ThC bentuk bola teriapis TRISO (tri-isotropic). Pembuatan bahan bakar telah dilakukan dengan proses gelasi ekstemal dari uranil nitrat keasaman rendah ditambah dengan aditif polivinil alkohol dan tetra hidro furfuril alkohol, kemudian dilakukan pencucian terhadap gel yang diperoleh, pengeringan, kalsinasi dan sintering. Pada makalah ini dibahas berbagai aspek dalam proses fluidisasi untuk pelapisan partikel bahan bakar nuklir, juga disajikan hasil pembuatan kernel UO2 tersinter, kemudian dilakukan pembahasan tentang pengaruh temperatur terutama pada porositas dan pori-pori lapisan, mikrostruktur dan interaksi dengan hasil fisi. Pada temperatur 1500 °C ukuran pori-pori kurang dari 1,5 µm, namun bila temperatur dinaikkan ke 1600 ⁰C menjadi 2 µm dan terjadi deposisi fasa β-SiC + C.
RISIKO RADIASI DARI COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PADA ANAK
Authors: Alatas Zubaidah
Published: December 2020

RISIKO RADIASI DARI COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PADA ANAK. Computed Tomography (CT) adalah test medik non invasif yang digunakan untuk deteksi, diagnostik dan menindak penyakit. CT merupakan kombinasi antara sumber sinar x dan sistem komputerisasi yang canggih untuk menghasilkan sejumlah citra atau gambar tentang kondisi internal tubuh. Sejak pengenalan CT pada tahun 1970an, penggunaannya meningkat secara cepat. Berdasarkan sifatnya, CT melibatkan tingkat paparan dosis radiasi pengion yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan prosedur pencitraan sinar-x konvensional. Dosis efektif radiasi dari prosedur ini berkisar dari 5 sampai 100 mSv, kurang lebih sama dengan rerata manusia menerima paparan radiasi alam selama 8 bulan sampai 3 tahun. Terdapat bukti epidemiologik yang kecil tetapi signifikan terhadap peningkatan risiko kanker akibat dosis radiasi dari tindakan CT. Karena anak-anak lebih sensitif terhadap radiasi, maka penggunaan CT pada anak hanya jika sangat penting dalam membuat keputusan diagnostik dan tidak dilakukan pengulangan kecuali jika sangat diperlukan. Meskipun risiko individual terhadap kanker tidak besar, terapi peningkatan paparan radiasi dalam populasi berpotensi menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat di masa datang. Makalah ini membahas sifat dan aplikasi utama CT sebagai alat diagnostik, dosis radiasinya, risiko kanker pada anak sebagai isu kesehatan masyarakat, dau upaya untuk mengurangi dosis radiasi CT pada anak. lnformasi dalam makalah ini diharapkan untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan dan diskusi dengan tim medik, pasien dan keluarga.Kata kunci : Computed tomography, anak, pencitraan diagnostik, radiasi pengion, kanker
EKSTRAKSI DAN STRIPPING THORIUM DARI RAFINAT HASIL EKSTRAKSI URANIUM MONASIT BANGKA
Authors: Ferliana Rida , Wasito Bangun , Prassanti Riesna
Published: December 2020

EKSTRAKSI  DAN  STRIPPING  THORIUM  DARI  RAFINAT  HASIL  EKSTRAKSI  URANIUM MONASIT BANGKA. Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir – Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (PTBGN- BATAN) yang bekerja sama dengan PT Timah mengimplementasikan penelitian pengolahan monasit menjadi logam tanah jarang ke dalam skala pilot plant 50 kg/hari. Kegiatan tersebut menghasilkan limbah berupa unsur radioaktif seperti uranium dan thorium. Thorium merupakan alternatif pengganti bahan bakar uranium. Agar dapat dijadikan bahan bakar nuklir maka perlu dilakukan pemisahan thorium. Salah satu metode pemisahan adalah ekstraksi-stripping. Ekstraksi-stripping thorium dilakukan menggunakan rafinat ekstraksi uranium pada limbah pengolahan monasit. Solven yang digunakan dalam ekstraksi yaitu TBP dan dalam stripping yaitu HNO3 encer. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut diperoleh bahwa semakin tinggi keasaman umpan maka rekoveri dan koefisien distribusi thorium semakin meningkat serta semakin tinggi konsentrasi HNO3 maka rekoveri semakin menurun dan koefisien distribusi thorium semakin meningkat. Ekstraksi pada waktu 15 menit, pH umpan 0,09, TBP/kerosin 50/50, dan perbandingan A/O = 1/1 memberikan koefisien distribusi sebesar 13,80 dengan rekoveri ekstraksi sebesar 93%. Stripping pada waktu 15 menit, konsentrasi HNO3 0,1 N, dan perbandingan A/O = 1/1 memberikan koefisien distribusi 1,57 dengan rekoveri sebesar 38,92%. Jika rekoveri thorium ingin ditingkatkan menjadi 95% maka dibutuhkan 2 stage ekstraksi pada perbandingan A/O 1/1, 8 stage stripping pada perbandingan A/O 2/1, dan 5 stage stripping pada perbandingan A/O = 3/1.