bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bentuk Lingual Metafora Bahasa Indonesia dalam Surat Kabar
Authors: Danial Haris
Published: September 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurai cara mengklasifikasi bentuk lingual metafora dalam wacana surat kabar Gorontalo Pos serta makna yang terkandung di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dari segi bentuknya, metafora dalam wacana surat kabar memiliki bentuk yang khas yang ditunjukkan oleh kata dasar dan bentukan yang mendukung terbentuknya ungkapan metaforis. Hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan konsep bahwa metafora merefleksikan apa yang dipersepsikan, dialami, dan dipikirkan orang tentang kenyataan dunia. Dari pernyataan ini dapat dikatakan bahwa metafora berkaitan dengan persepsi manusia terhadap apa yang dipikirkan dan dirasakannya.

Abstract

This study aims to parse how to classify the metaphorical lingual form in the discourse of the Gorontalo Pos newspaper and the meanings contained in it. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The results showed that in terms of form, the metaphor in newspaper discourse has a distinctive form which is indicated by the basic words and forms that support the formation of metaphorical expressions. This can be related to the concept that metaphors reflect what people perceive, experience, and think about the reality of the world. From this statement it can be said that metaphors are related to human perception of what they think and feel.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Teknik Lari 100 meter melalui Metode Demonstrasi di Kelas V SDN 3 Kabila
Authors: Hamsah Herni
Published: September 2020

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan teknik lari 100 meter siswa di kelas V SDN 3 Kabila melalui metode demonstrasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil analisis data menunjukan adanya peningkatan keterampilan siswa kelas V dalam melakukan teknik lari 100 meter melalui metode demonstrasi. Data observasi awal diperoleh bahwa dari 18 siswa kelas V terdapat 55,6% atau 10 siswa yang memiliki keterampilan kurang baik. Hal ini kemudian meningkat setelah diberikan tindakan pada siklus I yaitu dari 18 siswa, terdapat 8 orang siswa yang memperoleh nilai kurang dari 75 atau sebanyak 44,5%. Pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan lagi yakni yang memperoleh nilai 75 ke atas berjumlah 16 orang dengan persentasenya 88,9% dan daya serap siswa mencapai 83,4%.

 Abstract

The purpose of this study was to improve the students' 100 meter running technique skills in grade V SDN 3 Kabila through the demonstration method. This type of research is classroom action research. The results of data analysis showed an increase in the skills of grade V students in performing the 100 meter running technique through the demonstration method. Preliminary observation data obtained that out of 18 students in grade V there were 55.6% or 10 students who had poor skills. This then increased after being given action in cycle I, namely from 18 students, there were 8 students who scored less than 75 or as much as 44.5%. In the second cycle there was an increase again, namely those who got a score of 75 and above were 16 people with a percentage of 88.9% and student absorption reaching 83.4%.
Geometric and moisture parameters of drip irrigation contours of loamy chernozems
Authors: Vasil'ev Sergey , Shtan'ko Andrey
Published: September 2020

A zone of artificial moistening of soil-earth cover, called the drip moisture contour, is formed in the soil space during drip irrigation and in after-irrigation period. The moisture contour geometric and moisture parameters affect the growth, development and functioning of roots and thus on plants’ life activity and productivity. By now the number of studies of moisture contours parameters and suggestions for predicting their sizes are known. At the same time, there is no standard methodology for calculating the geometric and moisture parameters of moisture contours formed in loamy black earth. The given circumstances predetermined the need and relevance of the goal of the present study – the development of a method for determining the geometric dimensions and moisture parameters of drip irrigation moisture contours of loamy black earth. The object of the study was the soil moisture contours which are formed in the subsoil space during drip irrigation. The subject of the research is the system of experimental dependencies and the method of graphanalytic calculation and design of drip moisture contours of loamy chernozem developed on their basis. The basis of the proposed method for predicting the geometric and moisture parameters of drip contours is the experimental data on chernozem soils made for the most real range of soil and technological conditions of drip irrigation and their analytical processing. The proposed methodology has been tested on research materials of experts in the field of drip irrigation of agricultural land and allows us to predict the shape, size and humidity indicators of moisture contours formed in the soil-earth cover under drip irrigation with acceptable accuracy for practical use.
The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion
Authors: Zver'kov Mihail
Published: September 2020

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.
Improving the methods to improve the stability of hydrotechnical structures in Yakutia
Authors: LOSKIN M
Published: September 2020

Problems of providing the population and agricultural production by qualitative potable and process water in the Central Yakutia are covered. This territory belongs to the region with acute shortage of water resources which is always a limiting factor of development of agricultural production. For the solution of this burning issue in the 80th years of the last century along the small rivers the systems of hydraulic engineering constructions providing requirements with process water practically of all settlements of the Central Yakutia were constructed. At a construction of all hydraulic engineering buildings the method of construction with preservation of soils of the basis of constructions in a frozen state was applied. When warming the climate which is observed in recent years hydraulic engineering constructions built in regions of a wide spread occurance of breeds of an ice complex and with the considerable volume of water weight, were especially vulnerable. On character and a design they experience continuous threat of damage and demand very attentive relation from the operating organizations. Taking this into account, safe operation of hydraulic engineering constructions in a zone of distribution of permafrost breeds demands new approaches. The article examines features of hydraulic engineering constructions’ operation of agricultural water supply objects in the Central Yakutia. Distinctiveness of hydraulic engineering constructions’ operation is that stability of constructions is intimately bound to temperature impact of a reservoir on ground dams’ body and the basis of constructions. The possibility of inclusion of ways for an intensification of a freezing of constructions in the structure of operational actions is studied. The new method on safe operation of hydraulic engineering constructions as prewinter abatement of the water level in a reservoir accounting volumes and norms of water consumption of the settlement is offered.
浅谈建筑结构设计对建筑造价成本的影响
Authors: 吴 迪
Published: September 2020

随着城市发展速度持续加快之际，建筑工程规模明显加大，建筑施工的受重视程度提高了很多。在展开施工的过程中，建筑造价是不可忽视的，进行结构设计时也要对此予以关注。对当下建筑工程的现状予以分析可知，建筑结构设计存在的问题是较多的，其对工程造价产生的影响是较大的，因而在展开结构设计时必须要针对造价展开深入分析，寻找到最为适宜的建筑方式，如此方可使得建筑质量达到标准要求，性价比也能够切实提高。相关人员必须要对此有清晰的认知，进而使得国内建筑行业能够保持更为稳健的发展。
浅谈暖通空调安装施工的质量控制
Authors: 宋 寅
Published: September 2020

建筑工程中暖通空调安装施工质量把控，对于整体工程质量来说十分重要。需要在施工前期按照相关的设计图纸和施工流程，制定完善的施工方案，并在施工期间对施工质量进行严格把关。对施工各环节进行规范和审查，确保施工质量和施工材料符合施工要求。文章基于暖通空调安装施工质量控制进行分析，分析其空调及管道等施工期间的具体施工操作要求，意在保证暖通空调安装的质量。
岩石矿物分析化验中的质量控制要点
Authors: 延 新刚
Published: September 2020

地壳中的某种化学元素，或是几种化学元素发生聚合后就会形成岩石矿物，因而在展开地质勘探工作时，必须要完成好成分分析工作。从岩石矿物分析的实际情况来看，理论、实践应该切实整合起来，在此基础上完成操作方案的制定工作，如此方可获得种类指标，进而保证矿物回收能够顺利完成。文章主要针对岩石矿物分析化验展开深入探析，将其中的质量控制要点寻找出来，进而提出切实可行的控制方法。
建筑工程施工中深基坑支护的施工技术管理
Authors: 梁 家正
Published: September 2020

深基坑支护对于工程的质量会有很大的影响，因此对于深基坑支护的施工技术管理是非常重要的，在进行施工的时候一定要根据现场的情况和需求，进行科学、全面的分析，选择合适的施工工艺，保证施工的质量和效果，这样才能为工程质量打好基础。如今，城市中的高层建筑越来越多，这些建筑对于深基坑支护设计的有着更高的所要求的，需要进行更加严格的施工技术管理。所以，建筑企业也应该在这方面投入更多的精力，不断提升深基坑支护施工技术管理的水平，从而提升整个建筑工程的质量，企业才能获得长远的发展。
浅谈载荷试验中承压板和承载力的确定
Authors: 马 健
Published: September 2020

载荷试验是原位测试试验中最可靠的试验方法，随着工程规模的扩大，地基处理的应用越来越广泛，要对地基处理进行检测，最主要的手段是载荷试验，载荷试验是得出承压板下应力影响范围内的承载力和变形参数。选取承压板面积和确定承载力是载荷试验的关键。
有关建筑工程给排水施工技术的应用
Authors: 刁 目彬
Published: September 2020

从建筑工程的现状来看，给排水施工的受关注程度是非常高的，在展开给排水施工时，如果其中的一个环节出现问题的话，工程整体质量就会受到影响。所以说，展开给排水施工时，相关人员必须要了解施工的实际情况，同时要将环境检查、勘测等方面的工作切实做到位，在此基础上将施工方案予以明确，如此方可使得给排水施工有序展开，并保证工程质量能够达到标准要求。文章针对给排水工程技术的实际应用展开深入探析，以期使得工程施工质量大幅提升。
磨万铁路会富莱隧道软岩大变形段支护措施研究
Authors: 蒋 海华
Published: September 2020

文章结合磨万铁路会富莱隧道工程实践，在了解了碳质板岩地层发生大变形的原因和机理的基础上，对高地应力条件下软岩大变形的控制技术进行了分析研究，选择科学合理的开挖方法、施工工序和支护方式、控制围岩的大变形，实现软岩大变形条件下的安全、快速施工。
纵坡道路沥青路面材料设计探究
Authors: 周 海生
Published: September 2020

纵坡道路的层内剪应力，以及层间剪应力水平较平坡路段更大为研究对象，分析道路坡度对沥青层内剪应力水平，以及层间剪应力水平的影响，提出针对性的沥青路面材料设计要求，并进行设计验证。相应结论为有关工程人员借鉴参考。
金属材料热处理工艺及技术发展趋势探讨
Authors: 刘 春涛
Published: September 2020

在当前时期，我们国家的机械制造业呈现出较快的发展态势，为了使得金属产品能够达到质量标准，必须要保证热处理技术能够得到高效应用。怎样才能使得金属材料热处理工艺能够具有较高的节能性，这是当下关注的焦点。切实做好技术研究工作，可以使得企业生产的整体效率大幅提升，对节能型社会的建设也可起到促进作用。对于企业而言，要针对金属材料热处理技术展开深入探析，从企业自身的实际情况出发，对处理工艺技术进行创新，并确保其得到充分应用，如此方可保证企业能够获得更为理想的经营效益。
建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化研究
Authors: 付 晓涵
Published: September 2020

在我国综合国力快速提升的带动下，使得民众的生活水平得到了显著的提升，从而人们对生活环境提出了更高的要求。在整个建筑行业中，室内建筑装饰装修工程越发的受到了人们的重视，在市场发展形势以及业主的要求下，建筑装饰装修工程行业整体水平得到了良好的提升，并且推动了建筑装饰装修工程行业的智能化的发展。室内装修工程的实施不但可以为人们创建良好的居住环境，促进民众生活品质的提升，并且在推动社会和谐发展方面也具有积极的影响作用。我国公共建筑室内装饰装修工程发展历史较为悠久，并且已经积累了大量的实践经验，但是当下人们对建筑装饰装修的要求不断提升，所以就导致原有布局与室内装修设计二者之间的矛盾越发的凸现出来。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对建筑装饰装修工程设计施工一体化展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对整个建筑装饰装修工程行业的良好发展有所帮助。
城市规划设计和建筑设计的关系
Authors: 丁 强
Published: September 2020

近年来，我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，从而推动了民众生活水平的提高，这样就使得人们对生活环境提出了更高的要求。城市规划工作其最为主要的目的就是推动社会和经济的发展，为城市发展确定准确度额方向，为民众创造良好的生活环境，提升城市资源的利用效率。就城市建筑来说，其侧重研究的是建筑，而城市规划能够为这项工作的开展给予良好的辅助。换句话说，城市建筑设计务必要与城市规划设计保持统一，这样才可以将城市建筑在城市文明建设中的作用充分的施展出来。
暖通空调系统空调制冷管道安装技术管理
Authors: 史 超
Published: September 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，我国社会综合国力都得到了显著的提升，这样就为各个领域的发展壮大带来了良好的机遇。暖通空调制冷系统管道安装施工工作涉及到的工作量十分巨大，并且往往也会与其他管道安装工作存在交叉施工的情况，所以在施工过程中极易遇到各种突发情况，如果不能及时高效的解决，那么必然会对整个暖通空调系统的运行情况造成一定的影响。为了从根本上对暖通空调质量系统管道安装质量加以保证，最为重要的就是需要切实的落实施工管理工作，利用有效的方式方法来促进施工技术工作人员的专业水平的提升，为暖通空调制冷系统管道安装和后续的暖通制冷系统维保工作的开展创造良好的基础。鉴于此，这篇文章主要针对暖通空调系统空调制冷管道安装技术管理工作展开全面的分析研究，希望能够对我国暖通空调系统安装工作的良好发展起到积极的推动作用。
电气工程自动化技术在建筑电气中的作用
Authors: 李 广平
Published: September 2020

电气自动化在人们日常生活中具有不可忽视的地位和作用，以电气工程为代表的学科应用为电气自动化的实际应用贡献了不可忽视的力量。人民的基本生活离不开水、电、气，其中电气工程为居民基本日常生活相关电力部分的正常运行做好基础，要进一步提高居民生活质量与品质，就需要不断提高电气自动化技术水平与实际应用。文章主要以电气工程自动化技术为中心，着重解析其在日常生活和建筑电气中的重要性与作用。
建筑设备电气自动化系统的节能控制
Authors: 于 洋
Published: September 2020

在最近的几年时间里，我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，在这个过程中，生态环境遭到了严重的破坏，人们对生态保护工作越发的重视，并且加大了对各个领域的节能控制工作的监管。建筑工程行业与社会发展和民众生活水平的提升存在密切的关联，并且这个行业也是能源消耗较大的行业，怎样切实的落实建筑节能工作是整个建筑工程行业中各个企业十分关注的问题，并且这一问题的解决对于企业未来发展形势会产生巨大的影响。通常来说，建筑能耗的产生往往都是源自于建筑施工中所使用到的各类用电机械设备，所以切实的运用电器自动化技术可以有效的实现建筑节能控制的目的，并且能够达到建筑节能管理工作的实际要求。在实际开展各项建筑工程施工工作的过程中，施工单位借助节能建筑设备电器自动化系统来取代老旧的人工模式，从而提升各项工作的效率和效果，借助这种方式方法首先能够有效的提高建筑设备的运行稳定性，并且能够高效的控制能源损耗。这篇文章主要针对建筑设计电器自动化系统节能控制工作展开深入的分析研究，希望能够对我国建筑工程行业的持续健康发展起到积极的推动作用。
建筑施工中防水防渗施工技术探讨
Authors: 王 桐原
Published: September 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国城市化建设工作得到了全面的发展，在这种形势下也为我国建筑工程行业的发展带来了良好的机遇。经过大量的调查总结我们发现，建筑结构渗水和漏水的问题是工程施工中较为常见的问题，所以建筑工程防水防渗工作的实施对于工程施工质量的保证具有非常重要的作用。在实际开展建筑工程施工工作的过程中，如果任何一个细节出现失误，那么都会引发漏水或者是渗水的问题，如果不能及时高效的加以切实的解决，那么必然会对整个建筑工程结构稳定性产生严重的损害。在正式开始建筑工程施工工作之前，需要对工程渗水、漏水位置进行判断，随后制定出防水防渗施工方案，从根本上对建筑工程施工质量加以保证。这篇文章主要针对建筑工程防水防渗施工技术展开全面深入的分析研究，并且提出了建筑工程结构中极易出现渗水问题的部位，希望能够对我国建筑工程防水防渗施工技术的良好发展有所帮助，推动建筑施工行业的持续稳定发展。
BIM技术在建筑装饰装修工程设计中的应用分析
Authors: 赵 梅荣
Published: September 2020

BIM技术是以信息化技术为基础的，针对建筑工程项目的实际情况构建起模型，进而建筑项目展开全面分析。展开建筑装饰装修的过程中，对BIM技术予以充分利用可以使得相关参数能够得到全面整合，进而保证全过程协同的目标切实达成。BIM技术拥有的优势是明显的，进行建筑装饰装修时将其予以运用可以从不同角度建立起模型，进而展开分析工作，如此就可使得信息化平台的先进性有大幅提升。文章主要针对建筑装饰装修工程中如何对BIM技术予以应用展开深入探析。
高层建筑室内装饰装修施工技术的探讨
Authors: 安 文东
Published: September 2020

在最近的几年时间里，我国加大了改革开放的力度，从而促进了社会经济水平的提升，带动了民众生活质量的提高，在这种形势下为我国建筑工程行业发展壮大带来了良好的机遇。在所有的建筑工程土建项目完成建造之后，往往都需要针对建筑工程内部空间进行装修和装饰，只有在完成室内装修工程之后才表示整个工程的结束。社会的快速发展使得民众的思想意识发生了明显的变化，人们对生活环境的要求也在不断的提升，从而使得人们对室内装修的美观性和舒适性都提出了更高的要求。其次，我国城市化发展也在大范围的推进，这样就使得各个城市内大量的高层建筑应时而生，所以高层建筑室内装饰装修成为了当前人们所关注的重点。高层建筑结构无论是内部构造还是整个结构形式都与普通建筑结构存在明显的差异，在针对高层建筑室内装饰装修工程开展设计工作的时候，务必要充分结合整个建筑工程的特性来制定恰当的施工方案，这样才能有效的预防高层建筑室内装饰装修工程施工过程中各类问题的发生。再有，要充分结合行业发展趋势以及现实情况对室内装饰装修施工技术进行不断优化和创新，从根本上促进工程施工质量的提升，促进各项施工工作能够按部就班的进行。这篇文章主要围绕高层建筑室内装饰装修施工技术展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对室内装饰装修行业的稳步健康发展有所帮助。
公路检测技术应用与检测质量控制
Authors: 谷 达明
Published: September 2020

展开公路施工的过程中，必须要完成好质量检测，简单来说就是要针对工程展开验收前完成好检查工作，了解道路建设的实际质量，以期能够寻找到问题所在，并予以有效处理，这样方可保证工程建设质量提高很多。文章中主要针对公路检测技术展开深入探析，对应用的具体方法进行详细阐述，依据检测质量控制的实际需要提出切实可行的应对之策，以期使得建设质量有大幅提高。
公路路基水毁修复技术的设计与施工研究
Authors: 王 星
Published: September 2020

文章首先围绕全面勘察施工环境、计算道路结构稳定性以及规划制定设计方案三个部分，对公路路基水毁修复技术的工程设计流程进行了分析；其后，研究了公路路基水毁修复技术的工程设计要求；最后，从重力式挡土墙、锚定板挡土墙两个角度入手，提出了公路路基水毁修复技术的可行施工方法。
Introducing Artistic Research to Georgia
Authors: Jvania Nino , Zhvania Tamar
Published: September 2020

Artistic research researches the creative process resulting into an art work. It shares the aim of any scientific research, contributing to accumulation of knowledge in a given field, though it frees a researcher from excessive formalities (such as obligatory research outcomes stated in a written form – this function could be taken over by a piece of art), building the knowledge upon the practice. The notion of artistic research is a relatively new one. However, it has already been implemented at the academic level in several countries. Artistic research has never been conducted in the Republic of Georgia. Though, Tbilisi State Conservatoire offers to performers and composers’ special doctoral programs that give doctoral students opportunities to examine issues related to performance and composition practice, based on theoretical and practical knowledge. The dissertations written in the framework of the programs to some extent relate to artistic research, though, they differ from artistic research in various aspects. The paper aims to reveal similarities and differences between those research forms and to present a research project Development of Artistic Research Methodology on the Example of Exploration of the Piano of the 21st Century and its Future Perspectives. The project aims to enrich the given doctoral programs with elements of artistic research and later to contribute to implementation of artistic research on the academic level in Georgia. This experience could be taken into consideration by other countries that are on the way of implementing artistic research in their educational systems.
Occurrence of Brucella ceti in stranded bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus coincides with calving season
Authors: McFee WE , Wu D , Colegrove K , Terio K , Balthis L , Young R
Published: September 2020

Brucellosis is a disease caused by the Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteriumBrucellaspp. In terrestrial species, this zoonotic bacterium is a global public health risk, but there is also concern over the zoonotic potential of marine forms, such asB. ceti, which affects cetaceans. Due to the detection ofB. cetiin samples from bottlenose dolphinsTursiops truncatusduring the 2010-2014 Gulf of Mexico Unusual Mortality Event, a long-term study of the prevalence ofBrucellain stranded bottlenose dolphins from South Carolina, USA, was conducted. From 2012 through 2017, 282 stranded bottlenose dolphins were tested forB. cetivia real-time PCR. Nearly 32% of the dolphins tested positive in at least one sample (brain, lung, blowhole swab). Very little information exists in the literature on the occurrence ofBrucellaspp. in marine mammals, though in terrestrial species, such as cattle and elk, higher prevalence is often reported in spring. Similar results were found in this study with the peak occurrence being between March and June, a known period of calving in South Carolina. Results from this study provide important insights into the occurrence of the marine bacteriumB. ceti.
REACTIVITY OF NUCLEOPHILES AND α-EFFECT IN SUBSTITUTION PROCESSES AT ELECTRON - DEFICIENCY CENTERS
Authors: Popov Anatolii , Kapitanov Illia , Serdyuk Anna , Sumeiko Aleksandr
Published: September 2020

The review analyzes issues related to the reactivity of nucleophiles and the manifestation of the α-effect in substitution processes at electron-deficient centers. The fundamental aspects of this phenomenon, as well as the possibilities and prospects of using α-nucleophiles in systems for the highly efficient degradation of substrates - ecotoxicants of various natures, are discussed. In the first part of the review such aspects were observed: inorganic α-nucleophiles as the most effective class of reagents for the decomposition of organic phosphorus compounds, hydroxylamine, its N-alkyl derivatives, oximes, and hydroxamic acids, reactivity of the НОО– anion in the processes of acyl group transfer, reactivity of oximate ions, inorganic α-nucleophiles as the basis of formulations for the degradation of neurotoxins, vesicants, and organophosphorus pesticides, design of inhibited acetylcholinesterase reactivators based on hydroxylamine derivatives, ways of structural modification of α-nucleophiles and systems based on them. The data on the reactivity of typical inorganic α-nucleophiles in the cleavage of acyl-containing substrates, including phosphorus acid esters, which provide abnormally high reaction rates in comparison with other supernucleophiles, are analyzed. Various types of such α-nucleophiles, features of their structure and reactivity are considered. It was shown that an important feature of hydroxylamine, oximes, and hydroxamic acids is the presence of a fragment with adjacent O and N (–N – O – H) atoms containing one or more lone electron pairs, which determines their belonging to the class of α-nucleophiles. It has been shown that a many of factors can be responsible for the manifestation of the α-effect and its magnitude, the main of which is the destabilization of the ground state of the nucleophile due to repulsion of lone electron pairs, stabilization of the transition state, the unusual thermodynamic stability of reaction products, solvation effects of the solvent, type of hybridization of the electrophilic center, etc.
Optimizing the Hormonal Mice Treatment Protocol to Induce Superovulation
Authors: Savchenko E. S. , Ogneva N. S. , Maksimenko S. V. , Skripkina M. M. , Petrova N. V.
Published: September 2020

Mice treatment with pregnant mare gonadotropin serum (PMGS) in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is considered to be the “golden standard” of the induced superovulation procedure. The effect of administering the same doses may differ depending on the manufacturer of the preparation. According to our results, the use of PMGS produced by Synchrostim 500 (Ceva Sante Animale, France) and Sergon (Bioveta, Czech Republic) at a hormone dose of 5ME allows ~25 embryos to be obtained from one female. At the same time, the working dose of Follimagum (Mosagrogen, Russia) was not determined. The result comparable with that of Synchrostim 500 and Sergon was achieved using a composite drug Menopur (Ferring, Germany). The study of the inﬂuence of mice age on the hormonal response showed 3–4 weeks to be the most productive age, when the maximal number of viable embryos was obtained under a minimal external invasion.
Exogenous Gibberellic Acid Advances Reproductive Phenology and Increases Early-Season Yield in Subtropical Blackberry Production
Authors: Lin Syuan-You , Agehara Shinsuke
Published: September 2020

Inadequate winter chill causes poor and erratic budbreak in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson), limiting the commercial production in subtropical climates. We examined the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) on the reproductive phenology, fruit number, yield, and fruit quality of three blackberry cultivars (‘Natchez’, ‘Navaho’, and ‘Ouachita’) grown under subtropical climatic conditions in two consecutive growing seasons. A single spray application of GA3 at 0 or 49 g·ha−1 was performed when plants were dormant in late December to late January. Exogenous GA3 advanced the onset of budbreak by 12 to 82 days, flowering by four to 20 days, and fruit ripening by 0 to 15 days. When pooling across the cultivars, it also increased early-season yield by 83% to 276% in two consecutive growing seasons and total-season yield by 60% in the second growing season. Among the cultivars, the yield responses to GA3 were most consistent in ‘Ouachita’, with early-season yield increasing by up to 499%. The average berry weight and soluble solids concentration were slightly reduced by GA3, but these reductions were not consistent in the two growing seasons and the impact on overall fruit marketability was small. These results suggest that exogenous GA3 is an effective bud dormancy breaking compound for blackberry, and it could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production.
On the Use of Multivariate Analysis and Land Evaluation for Potential Agricultural Development of the Northwestern Coast of Egypt
Authors: Said Mohamed El Sayed , Ali Abdelraouf. M. , Borin Maurizio , Abd-Elmabod Sameh Kotb , Aldosari Ali A. , Khalil Mohamed M. N. , Abdel-Fattah Mohamed K.
Published: September 2020

The development of the agricultural sector is considered the backbone of sustainable development in Egypt. While the developing countries of the world face many challenges regarding food security due to rapid population growth and limited agricultural resources, this study aimed to assess the soils of Sidi Barrani and Salloum using multivariate analysis to determine the land capability and crop suitability for potential alternative crop uses, based on using principal component analysis (PCA), agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHC) and the Almagra model of MicroLEIS. In total, 24 soil profiles were dug, to represent the geomorphic units of the study area, and the soil physicochemical parameters were analyzed in laboratory. The land capability assessment was classified into five significant classes (C1 to C5) based on AHC and PCA analyses. The class C1 represents the highest capable class while C5 is assigned to lowest class. The results indicated that about 7% of the total area was classified as highly capable land (C1), which is area characterized by high concentrations of macronutrients (N, P, K) and low soil salinity value. However, about 52% of the total area was assigned to moderately high class (C2), and 29% was allocated in moderate class (C3), whilst the remaining area (12%) was classified as the low (C4) and not capable (C5) classes, due to soil limitations such as shallow soil depth, high salinity, and increased erosion susceptibility. Moreover, the results of the Almagra soil suitability model for ten crops were described into four suitability classes, while about 37% of the study area was allocated in the highly suitable class (S2) for wheat, olive, alfalfa, sugar beet and fig. Furthermore, 13% of the area was categorized as highly suitable soil (S2) for citrus and peach. On the other hand, about 50% of the total area was assigned to the marginal class (S4) for most of the selected crops. Hence, the use of multivariate analysis, mapping land capability and modeling the soil suitability for diverse crops help the decision makers with regard to potential agricultural development.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Polish Konik Horse Based on Individuals from All the Male Founder Lines and Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Fornal Agnieszka , Kowalska Katarzyna , Zabek Tomasz , Piestrzynska-Kajtoch Agata , Musiał Adrianna , Ropka-Molik Katarzyna
Published: September 2020

The Polish Konik horse is a primitive native breed included in the genetic resource conservation program in Poland. After World War II, intensive breeding work began, aimed at rebuilding this breed. Now, the whole Polish Konik population is represented by six male founder lines (Wicek, Myszak, Glejt I, Goraj, Chochlik and Liliput). Individuals representing all six paternal lineages were selected based on their breeding documentation. We performed a fragment analysis with 17 microsatellite markers (STRs) recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). The genetic diversity and structure within the paternal lineages and the whole of the studied group were investigated. The average allelic richness was 6.497 for the whole studied group. The fixation index (FST; measure of population differentiation) was low (about 3%), the mean inbreeding coefficient (FIT) was low and close to 0, and the mean inbreeding index value (FIS) was negative. The mean expected heterozygosity was established at 0.7046 and was lower than the observed heterozygosity. The power of discrimination and power of exclusion were 99.9999%. The cumulative parentage exclusion probability equaled 99.9269% when one parental genotype was known and 99.9996% with both parents’ genotypic information was available. About 3% of the genetic variation was caused by differences in the breed origin and about 97% was attributed to differences among individuals. Our analysis revealed that there has been no inbreeding in the Polish Konik breed for the studied population. The genetic diversity was high, and its parameters were similar to those calculated for native breeds from other countries reported in the literature. However, due to the small number of breed founders and paternal lineages with unknown representation, the population’s genetic diversity and structure should be monitored regularly.
A Novel Cooperative Controller for Inverters of Smart Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids
Authors: Alhasnawi Bilal Naji , Jasim Basil H. , Issa Walid , Esteban M. Dolores
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a novel cooperative control technique concerning fully-distributed AC/DC microgrids. Distributed generation based on inverters has two types, i.e., Current Source Inverter (CSI), also referred to as PQ inverter, and Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Both inverter forms have a two-layer coordination mechanism. This paper proposes a design method for the digital Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller that regulates the current inside an inverter. The inverters will improve the voltage quality of the microgrid while maintaining the average voltage of buses at the same desired level. There is comprehensive detail on the computations specific to resonant and proportional gains and digital resonance path coefficients. The paper includes a digital PR controller design and its analysis in the frequency domain. The analysis is based on the w-domain. The main contribution of this paper is the proposed method, which not only focuses on the transient response but also improves the steady-state response which smoothens the voltage; furthermore, all inverters are effectively involved to increase the capacity of the microgrid for better power management. The suggested cooperative control technique is used on an IEEE 14-bus system having fully distributed communication. The convincing outcomes indicate that the suggested control technique is an effectual means of regulating the microgrid’s voltage to obtain an evener and steady voltage profile. The microgrid comprises distributed resources and is used as the primary element to analyse power flow and quality indicators associated with a smart grid. Lastly, numerical simulation observations are utilised for substantiating the recommended algorithm.
Small-Signal Analysis and Control of Soft-Switching Naturally Clamped Snubberless Current-Fed Half-Bridge DC/DC Converter
Authors: Khatun Koyelia , Ratnam Vakacharla Venkata , Rathore Akshay Kumar , Narasimharaju Beeramangalla Lakshminarasaiah
Published: September 2020

This paper presents small-signal analysis of a soft-switching naturally clamped snubberless isolated current-fed half-bridge (CFHB) DC-DC converter using state-space averaging. A two-loop average current controller was designed and implemented on a digital signal processor. The complete design procedure is presented here. Simulation results using software PSIM 11.1 are shown to validate the stability of the control system and the controller design. Experimental results for the step changes in load current vividly demonstrated satisfactory transient performance of the converter and validated the developed small-signal model and the control design.
Effects of Greenshell Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Intake on Pathological Markers of Multiple Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in Rats
Authors: Siriarchavatana Parkpoom , Kruger Marlena C. , Miller Matthew R. , Tian Hong (Sabrina) , Wolber Frances M.
Published: September 2020

The prevalence of metabolic osteoarthritis has been increasing worldwide, particularly among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the New Zealand greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus; GSM) on osteoarthritis (OA) prevention in a rat model. One-hundred-and-eight female rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four test groups, containing 24 rats each, plus an additional control group. Each test group received one of the four experimental diets: normal control diet (ND), normal control diet supplemented with GSM (ND + GSM), high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS), or high fat/high sugar diet supplemented GSM (HFHS + GSM), for 36 weeks (end of the study). After 8 weeks on experimental diets, half of each group was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and the remaining half received a sham operation (ovaries left intact). The study evaluated body composition, bone mass, plasma cytokines, adipokines, HbA1c, CTX-II, and knee joint’s histopathology. HFHS diet and OVX significantly induced body weight gain and leptin production. OVX rats lost bone mineral density but increased adiponectin, HbA1C, and MCP-1. The OVX rats fed HFHS showed the highest Mankin scores. Importantly, inclusion of GSM reduced these pathological features. In conclusion, GSM might be beneficial in halting the progression of OA.
In Vivo Assessment of Water Content, Trans-Epidermial Water Loss and Thickness in Human Facial Skin
Authors: Chirikhina Elena , Chirikhin Andrey , Xiao Perry , Dewsbury-Ennis Sabina , Bianconi Francesco
Published: September 2020

Mapping facial skin in terms of its biophysical properties plays a fundamental role in many practical applications, including, among others, forensics, medical and beauty treatments, and cosmetic and restorative surgery. In this paper we present an in vivo evaluation of the water content, trans-epidermial water loss and skin thickness in six areas of the human face: cheeks, chin, forehead, lips, neck and nose. The experiments were performed on a population of healthy subjects through innovative sensing devices which enable fast yet accurate evaluations of the above parameters. A statistical analysis was carried out to determine significant differences between the facial areas investigated and clusters of statistically-indistinguishable areas. We found that water content was higher in the cheeks and neck and lower in the lips, whereas trans-epidermal water loss had higher values for the lips and lower ones for the neck. In terms of thickness the dermis exhibited three clusters, which, from thickest to thinnest were: chin and nose, cheek and forehead and lips and neck. The epidermis showed the same three clusters too, but with a different ordering in term of thickness. Finally, the stratum corneum presented two clusters: the thickest, formed by lips and neck, and the thinnest, formed by all the remaining areas. The results of this investigation can provide valuable guidelines for the evaluation of skin moisturisers and other cosmetic products, and can help guide choices in re-constructive/cosmetic surgery.
Fallopian Tube Basal Stem Cells Reproducing the Epithelial Sheets In Vitro—Stem Cell of Fallopian Epithelium
Authors: Zhu Maobi , Iwano Tomohiko , Takeda Sen
Published: September 2020

The fallopian tube (FT) is an important reproductive organ in females. The luminal epithelium of the FT is composed of highly polarized secretory and ciliated cells. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that the origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs). Due to the lack of a high-fidelity model for FTECs in vitro, homeostasis, differentiation, as well as the transformation of FTECs are still enigmatic. In this study, we optimized the culture condition for the stable expansion of basal stem cells, as well as inducing differentiation of basal cells into polarized secretory and ciliated cells in the air–liquid interface (ALI) condition suitable for long-term culture. This storable culture method of FTECs provides a versatile platform for studying differentiation mechanisms, intercellular communication, and transformation to HGSC, as well as the physiological function of the FT in vitro.
An Assessment of the Motor Performance Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Gulf Region
Authors: Alsaedi Rehab H.
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the prevalence, severity, and nature of the motor abnormalities seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as to elucidate the associated developmental profiles. The short-form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) was used to assess various aspects of the motor performance of 119 children with ASD and 30 typically developing children (age range: 6–12 years) from three Gulf states. The results revealed the high prevalence of motor abnormalities among the ASD group when compared with the normative data derived from the BOT-2 manual as well as with the data concerning the typically developing group. The results also indicated that the motor performance of the children with ASD fell within the below-average range according to the BOT-2 cut-off score. Further, the results suggested that the age variable may influence the overall motor performance of children with ASD, since the children’s motor abnormalities may decrease with maturation. The results concerning the specific motor dysfunction profiles seen in individuals with ASD could help practitioners, parents, and educators to better understand the nature of the motor deficits exhibited by children with ASD, which could assist with the design and implementation of treatment and rehabilitation programs for such children. Overall, motor performance represents an important aspect that should be considered during the clinical evaluation of ASD and that should not be ignored during early interventions.
A Multilevel Approach for the Cultural Heritage Vulnerability and Strengthening: Application to the Melfi Castle
Authors: Cantagallo Cristina , Spacone Enrico , Perrucci Daniele , Liguori Nicola , Verazzo Clara
Published: September 2020

This study outlines a procedure for the seismic safety evaluation of historical buildings for engineers and architects that commonly work on buildings belonging to cultural and architectural heritage. The procedure is characterized by two interrelated phases: (a) building knowledge acquisition and (b) structural behavior analysis and safety assessment. The seismic safety evaluation strongly depends on the first phase, whose data can be obtained according to a multi-disciplinary approach based on five steps: (1) critical-historical analysis; (2) photographic documentation and geometrical survey; (3) structural identification and material survey; (4) foundation and soil survey; and (5) cracking pattern and structural integrity analysis. The proposed method was applied to the evaluation of the seismic safety of the Castle of Melfi (PZ, Italy). Comprehensive and multi-disciplinary knowledge of this monument greatly facilitated an accurate seismic analysis of this monument, which was conducted both at a local and global level using a linear kinematic analysis and non-linear static (pushover) analysis, respectively.
Chemical Genetics Approach Identifies Abnormal Inflorescence Meristem 1 as a Putative Target of a Novel Sulfonamide That Protects Catalase2-Deficient Arabidopsis against Photorespiratory Stress
Authors: van der Meer Tom , Verlee Arno , Willems Patrick , Impens Francis , Gevaert Kris , Testerink Christa , Stevens Christian V. , Van Breusegem Frank , Kerchev Pavel
Published: September 2020

Alterations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels have a profound impact on numerous signaling cascades orchestrating plant growth, development, and stress signaling, including programmed cell death. To expand the repertoire of known molecular mechanisms implicated in H2O2 signaling, we performed a forward chemical screen to identify small molecules that could alleviate the photorespiratory-induced cell death phenotype of Arabidopsisthaliana mutants lacking H2O2-scavenging capacity by peroxisomal catalase2. Here, we report the characterization of pakerine, an m-sulfamoyl benzamide from the sulfonamide family. Pakerine alleviates the cell death phenotype of cat2 mutants exposed to photorespiration-promoting conditions and delays dark-induced senescence in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves. By using a combination of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and affinity purification, we identified abnormal inflorescence meristem 1 (AIM1) as a putative protein target of pakerine. AIM1 is a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase involved in fatty acid β-oxidation that contributes to jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Whereas intact JA biosynthesis was not required for pakerine bioactivity, our results point toward a role for β-oxidation-dependent SA production in the execution of H2O2-mediated cell death.
Early versus Delayed Feeding after Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Children: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Kotani Kazuhiko
Published: September 2020

Early feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement is an accepted practice in the treatment of adult patients and the knowledge is clinically extrapolated in the treatment of children. To verify this treatment in children—as there are some specific features of PEG-related practices in children—the present study aimed to review meta-analyses of early feeding (within 4 h) after PEG placement in children. We searched the PubMed database for articles published until July 2020. A quality assessment was performed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. Three randomized controlled trials (208 patients) were eligible for inclusion. No patients died within 72 h. Early feeding resulted in little to no difference in the length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD] −7.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] −25.16 to 10.21; I2 = 95%) and vomiting events (risk ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.31; I2 = 0%). In a subgroup analysis, early feeding without antibiotics reduced the length of hospital stay in one study (MD −21.60, 95% CI −22.86 to −20.34) but early feeding with antibiotics did not affect the length in two studies (MD 0.28, 95% CI −6.49 to 7.06; I2 = 0%). Overall, the certainty of the evidence was not very high. In summary, early feeding after PEG placement may be a safe alternative to delayed feeding in children. The findings in children seemed similar to those in adults, while there is a need for further studies that specifically investigate PEG placement-related practices in children.
Contextualizing Parental/Familial Influence on Physical Activity in Adolescents before and during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Gilic Barbara , Ostojic Ljerka , Corluka Marin , Volaric Tomislav , Sekulic Damir
Published: September 2020

Parental and familial factors influence numerous aspects of adolescents’ lives, including their physical activity level (PAL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in PAL which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate influence of sociodemographic and parental/familial factors on PAL levels before and during pandemic in adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample included 688 adolescents (15–18 years of age; 322 females) who were tested on two occasions: in January 2020 (baseline; before the COVID-19 pandemic) and in April 2020 (follow-up; during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown). Variables included PAL (measured by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents–PAQ-A) as well as sociodemographic-, parental-, and familial factors. A significant decline in PALs was recorded between baseline and follow-up (t-test: 11.88, p < 0.001). Approximately 50% of adolescents underwent sufficient PAL at baseline, while only 24% of them were achieving sufficient PAL at the time of follow-up measurement. Paternal education was positively correlated (OR (95%CI): baseline: 6.63 (4.58–9.96), follow-up: 3.33 (1.19–7.01)), while familial conflict was negatively correlated (baseline: 0.72 (0.57–0.90), follow-up: 0.77 (0.60–0.99)) with PALs before and during the pandemic. This study highlights the importance of the parent–child relationship and parental/familiar support in promoting physical activity both during regular life and during crises and health challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Thermal Performance of Alginate Concrete Reinforced with Basalt Fiber
Authors: Mohammadyan-Yasouj Seyed Esmaeil , Abbastabar Ahangar Hossein , Ahevani Oskoei Narges , Shokravi Hoofar , Rahimian Koloor Seyed Saeid , Petrů Michal
Published: September 2020

The sustainability of reinforced concrete structures is of high importance for practitioners and researchers, particularly in harsh environments and under extreme operating conditions. Buildings and tunnels are of the places that most of the fire cases take place. The use of fiber in concrete composite acts as crack arrestors to resist the development of cracks and enhance the performance of reinforced concrete structures subjected to elevated temperature. Basalt fiber is a low-carbon footprint green product obtained from the raw material of basalt which is created by the solidification of lava. It is a sustainable fiber choice for reinforcing concrete composite due to the less consumed energy in the production phase and not using chemical additives in their production. On the other hand, alginate is a natural anionic polymer acquired from cell walls of brown seaweed that can enhance the properties of composites due to its advantage as a hydrophilic gelling material. This paper investigates the thermal performance of alginate concrete reinforced with basalt fiber. For that purpose, an extensive literature review was carried out then two experimental phases for mix design and to investigate the compressive strength of samples at a temperature range of 100–180 °C were conducted. The results show that the addition of basalt fiber (BF) and/or alginate may slightly decrease the compressive strength compared to the control concrete under room temperature, but it leads to control decreasing compressive strength during exposure to a high temperature range of 100–180 °C. Moreover, it can be seen that temperature raise influences the rate of strength growth in alginate basalt fiber reinforced concrete.
Xanthine Oxidase/Dehydrogenase Activity as a Source of Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer Tissue
Authors: Veljković Andrej , Hadži-Dokić Jovan , Sokolović Dušan , Bašić Dragoslav , Veličković-Janković Ljubinka , Stojanović Marko , Popović Dejan , Kocić Gordana
Published: September 2020

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most frequent malignancies. Better biomarkers are constantly wanted, such as those which can help with the prediction of cancer behavior. What is also needed is a marker which may serve as a possible therapeutic target. Oxidative stress (OS), which is a hallmark of cancer, is included in the pathogenesis and progression of PC. We have conducted the present study to determine whether xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase activity is the source of OS in prostate tissue. We have also determined the concentration of TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as the activity of catalase. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in tumor tissue when compared to the control healthy tissue. The concentration of TBARS (p < 0.001) and AOPP (p < 0.05) are also higher in tumor tissue. Catalase has raised its activity (p < 0.05) versus the control. There is also a strong correlation between XO activity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the serum. These results indicate a significant role of XO activity in OS in prostate carcinogenesis, and it could be a possible theranostic biomarker, which can be important for a better understanding of the disease, its evolution, and prognosis. A promising treatment may be using XO inhibitors such as allopurinol as adjuvant therapy.
An Exploratory Study of the Obstacles for Achieving Quality in Distance Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lassoued Zohra , Alhendawi Mohammed , Bashitialshaaer Raed
Published: September 2020

This study aims to reveal the obstacles to achieving quality in distance learning during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and was based on a large sample of professors and students of universities in the Arab world (Algerian, Egyptian, Palestinian, and Iraqi). The primary aim of this research was to investigate the various ways in which students pursued their studies at home during the university suspension as a result of COVID-19. In this paper, the researchers use an exploratory descriptive approach through a questionnaire with a conveniently selected sample of 400 professors and student’s returns out of 600 were distributed. The results indicate that the professors and students faced self-imposed obstacles, as well as pedagogical, technical, and financial or organizational obstacles. Recommendations are presented to overcome and understand these obstacles to benefit in the future during unexpected or similar problems.