bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repensar los cuidados desde lo comunitario y las poblaciones vulnerables: Buenos Aires y Madrid durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Martín Palomo María Teresa , Venturiello María Pía
Published: July 2021

Ante las situaciones de crisis que ocurren en la provisión del cui­dado, la provocada por la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 invita a reflexionar acerca de cómo se distribuyen las responsabilidades entre los diferentes actores. Los escenarios de múltiples cambios en el orden cotidiano que oca­sionó la pandemia fueron acompañados de acciones impulsadas o llevadas a cabo por el Estado y por diversas formas de iniciativas comunitarias. Este contexto generó variadas maneras de identificar e interpretar los cuidados, y de responder a las necesidades detectadas. Este artículo se propone describir y reflexionar sobre experiencias significativas de organización comunitaria en poblaciones vulnerables para afrontar los cuidados necesarios ante la crisis provocada por la pandemia en las ciudades de Madrid y Buenos Aires.
Pensiones alimentarias y protección social ante la pandemia en América Latina durante el 2020: oportunidades para superar la desconexión
Authors: Martínez Franzoni Juliana , González Hidalgo Cristina
Published: July 2021

Este artículo examina la conversación pública y las medidas políticas tomadas en materia de pensiones alimentarias y de transferencias monetarias de emergencia durante los primeros ocho meses de la pandemia en los 19 países de América Latina. Aunque las transferencias alimentarias son un derecho de toda persona menor de edad que no convive con uno de sus progenitores, la enorme mayoría de niños, niñas y adolescentes de esta región no las recibe. Buscamos determinar la visibilidad del problema y el esfuerzo estatal referente a esta cuestión, en general, y las medidas que explícitamente vincularon el derecho de familia con la protección social, en particular. Una vez determinada la presencia de los subsidios alimentarios en medios de prensa y, a partir de análisis documental de repositorios regionales y fuentes oficiales de las medidas identificadas, este artículo ofrece una visión panorámica de lo ocurrido desde la protección social con respecto a trasla­dos monetarios de emergencia, por un lado, y las pensiones alimentarias, por el otro. Entre las medidas se identificaron aquellas, muy innovadoras, que asociaron las pensiones alimentarias a la protección social (seguros de desempleo y fondos de pensiones). Adicionalmente, la presencia extendida de transferencias monetarias de emergencia constituye una acción indi­recta que pudo acercar ingresos a las personas menores de edad. El artículo subraya las oportunidades creadas por las medidas desplegadas y concluye argumentando que, tanto en los mejores como en los peores escenarios nacionales distinguidos, la garantía del ingreso a las personas menores de edad en buena medida depende de profundizar su lazo con la protección social mediante, por ejemplo, una renta básica universal.
Realizm naukowy wobec zmiany teorii w nauce
Authors: Buczkowska Janina
Published: July 2021

Ważnym elementem współczesnej dyskusji pomiędzy realizmem i antyrealizmem naukowym jest próba nadania realistycznej interpretacji historycznemu faktowi zmiany teorii w nauce. Fakt ten według L. Laudana podważa nie tylko najważniejszy argument na rzecz realizmu naukowego, ale i najważniejsze tezy tego stanowiska. Argumentem kwestionowanym przez Laudana jest twierdzenie H. Putnama, że ogromny sukces nauki w przewidywaniu zjawisk i rozwijaniu nowych technologii świadczy przynajmniej o aproksymacyjnej prawdziwości teorii naukowych. Laudan wykazuje jednak fakty z historii nauki, gdy odnoszące sukces teorie okazywały się z biegiem czasu fałszywe. Powiązany z tym argument przeciwko realizmowi, zwany pesymistyczną indukcją (PI), głosi, iż skoro przeszłe teorie, które odniosły sukces, okazywały się fałszywe z perspektywy nowszych, to także obecne odnoszące sukces teorie mogą okazać się w przyszłości fałszywe. Podważa to tezę odnośnie związku sukcesu teorii z jej aproksymacyjną prawdziwością. Ważnym wyzwaniem dla realizmu naukowego staje się zatem uzgodnienie jego tez z faktem zmiany teorii w nauce. Najbardziej znaczących rozwiązań tego problemu dostarcza realizm strukturalny zaproponowany przez J. Worralla i semirealizm A. Chakrawarttiego. Oba stanowiska przyjmują tę samą strategię obrony realizmu, zwaną divide et impera, uznającą, że nie całe teorie, lecz tylko ich fragmenty bezpośrednio związane z sukcesem spełniają tezy realizmu. Realizm naukowy w tych sformułowaniach zostaje w znacznym stopniu ograniczony i osłabiony. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie tych rozwiązań i pokazanie z jednej strony realistycznych odpowiedzi na argument PI, jakich dostarczają te stanowiska, z drugiej ograniczeń, jakie z nich wynikają dla realizmu naukowego. Osłabiona wersja realizmu, jaką one proponują, również nie jest wolna od istotnych trudności, na jakie musi odpowiedzieć zarówno realizm strukturalny, jak i semirealizm. Identyfikacja tych trudności może stanowić wskazówkę dla dalszego rozwoju stanowiska realistycznego.
Destructive activity in an ecological ethics of co-creation
Authors: Ott Taylor J.
Published: July 2021

A Christian worldview entreats humans to live in ethical relationship with the natural world; our current ecological crisis makes that call of crucial and immediate importance. If humans, and Christians in particular, are to adequately participate in care for creation, then we must proceed with both ecological and theological knowledge about the natural world. In both scientific and theological analyses, we uncover not only creative processes of growth, but elements of chaos and destruction. The carbon cycle, food webs, and evolution are examples of where the earth’s survival depends upon destructive processes. In parallel fashion, God’s activity in Scripture also entails chaos and destructive activity, such as the flood in Genesis, the wisdom of the Book of Job, and Paul’s reflection on creation in Romans. This article argues that humans, called to be co-creators with God, thus need to integrate destructive activity into our framework of what it means to “cocreate,” thereby participation in creation in a more holistic manner. Far from unleashing unrestricted destruction on the world, such a framework offers ethical guidelines for destroying and creating in ways that support the overall flourishing of the natural world.
Evolutionary theology: a new chapter in the relations between theology and science
Authors: Grygiel Wojciech
Published: July 2021

Despite many arduous attempts to reconcile the separation between theology and science, the common ground where these two areas of intellectual inquiry could converge has not been fully identified yet. The purpose of this paper is to use evolutionary theology as the new and unique framework in which science and theology are indeed brought into coherent alignment. The major step in this effort is to acknowledge that theology can no longer dialogue with science but must assume science and its method as its conceptual foundation. This approach successfully does away with any tensions that may arise between the two disciplines and establishes a firm ground on which neither of them will turn into ideology. Moreover, it enables the dialogue with contemporary scientific atheism on solid grounds and the restoration of the credibility of theology in the secularist culture of the day.
Why metaphysics matters for the science-theology debate – an incarnational case study
Authors: Lawson Finley I.
Published: July 2021

This article examines the relationship between science and theology within a critical realist framework. Focusing on the role of metaphysics as a unifying starting point, especially in consideration of theological issues that are concerned with corporeality and temporality (such as in the incarnation). Some metaphysical challenges that lead to the appearance of “paradox” in the incarnation are highlighted, and the implications of two forms of holistic scientific ontology on the appearance of a paradox in the incarnation are explored. It is concluded that ultimately both science and theology are concerned with the nature of reality, and the search for coherent models that can describe the unseen. Whilst one should maintain a criticality to any realist conception of theological and scientific theories, a shared metaphysics ensures theological doctrine can continue to be interpreted with relevance in a world in which scientific thought is increasingly stretching into the meta-scientific.
Strategies for Facing Environmental Dynamics in the Industrial Age 4.0 Using Learning Organization
Authors: Setyono Langgeng , Muslim Abd Qodir , Pujiastuti Yuyun
Published: July 2021

Competition in the industrial era 4.0 or today's distracting era is a necessity, especially in the business world. Thus, companies must prepare qualified and responsive human resources to change because they are needed in maintaining the existence and productivity of the company is facing the dynamics of business competition. Namely human resources who have conceptual skills, humans’ skills, technical skills, and technological literacy. Many factors can support the development of organizations and human resources, for example, a strong organizational culture and learning organizations. The implementation of learning organization in a company aims to develop the quality of human resource development and the quality of organizational performance because it can accelerate the organizational learning process and increase its ability to adapt to change and anticipate changes in the dynamics of the business environment in the future. Knowledge-based HR development requires a learning process based on self-learning and organizational learning. The competitive advantage obtained by developing human resources owned and carried out by the company can be used as a source of strength in facing competition and the dynamics of the business environment in the industrial era 4.0 which is complex and not easily imitated by competitors.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENENTU PRICE EARNINGS RATIO: STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Ainul Yaqin Maulana , Imamah Nur
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the Dividend Payout Ratio, Earnings Growth Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, and Dividend Per Share on the Price Earnings Ratio of companies listed on the LQ45 Index in the Indonesian capital market for the 2016-2018 period. This study is an explanatory research. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) approach. The results showed that the Dividend Payout Ratio and Dividend Per Share had a significant effect on the Price Earnings Ratio. Meanwhile, Earnings Growth Ratio and Debt to Asset Ratio have no significant effect on Price Earnings Ratio. In addition, an interesting finding in this study is that the Dividend Payout Ratio is the most dominant ratio in determining the Price Earnings Ratio. The results also show that the coefficient of determination (R2) is 73.6%. This explains that the ratios used in this study are important to determine or influence the value of the Price Earnings Ratio.
Desarrollo turístico promotor socioeconómico.
Authors: Pereyra Gonzales Tony , Palomino Alvarado Gabriela , Gárate Ríos Jhonny
Published: July 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de artículos sobre el desarrollo turístico como promotor socioeconómico, para identificar, analizar y describir si el turismo es una fuente necesaria para el crecimiento económico de la comunidad. Para ello se utilizó las bases de datos disponibles como ESBCO, Scopus, SciELO y PROQUEST de forma gratuita de los últimos 4 años. Método: se indago en muchas bases de datos, realizándose la búsqueda de los términos “turismo”, “desarrollo sostenible”, “desarrollo económico” descartándose artículos que hayan sido publicados en 2017 o antes, y que no estén disponibles para su descarga. Resultados: la implementación de planes, el desarrollo del recurso humano, la especialización en el manejo turístico, un modelo de buenas prácticas sostenibles, y el involucramiento de los actores, tanto del estado como la población y otros que ayuden a desarrollar esta actividad. La investigación confirma que el turismo desarrolla la economía de la población, el recurso humano mejora la calidad del sector, pero requiere capacitar en lo ecológico, social, cultural y económico; asimismo, es importante implementar políticas públicas que apoyen el turismo, por ser una actividad que dinamiza la actividad socioeconómica. Concluyendo, el turismo genera desarrollo sostenible de la comunidad.
Synthetical Optimal Design for Passive-Damped LCL Filters in Islanded AC Microgrid
Authors:   School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Tang Xiuhui , Zhang Daming ,   School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia, Chai Hua ,   School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Published: July 2021

In AC microgrid systems, technical issues resulting from the power control effect are the power control method efficiency and the filter resonance since voltage-frequency interference and filtering resonance may cause significant control input reduction and oscillation. A simple and robust solution is to regulate active power flow by adding an optimal passive damping resistor. The optimal LCL filter parameterization process in this paper provides an innovative approach to obtain the optimal quality factor and the optimal damping resistor. The amplitude responses of resonant frequency and high frequency are involved in the cost function. Simulations of various cases are conducted in MATLAB/Simulink. The key advantages of this procedure include flattened admittance peak, weakened high frequency decay, and less damping loss. Through the method in this paper, the optimal passive-damped filter parameters can be calculated in an efficient manner, while the power can be regulated and tracked in a simplified way, and the performance of the control strategy is improved.
Dysphagia in the Older Age Setting
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 4800 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX 79905, USA, Ishak Asaad G , Cherukuri Sundar V ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 4800 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX 79905, USA, Diaz Giancarlo ,   Paul L. Foster School of Medicine (PLFSOM), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX 79905, USA, McCallum Richard ,   Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 4800 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
Published: July 2021

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common condition, especially among the elderly population and can become debilitating. As we age, there are subtle changes in esophageal motility, but by no means is dysphagia ever considered to be a normal result of aging. Dysphagia usually presents with a variety of accompanying symptoms ranging from regurgitation during meals, mild discomfort, to severe chest pain. It can be challenging to localize the dysphagia from the history. The underlying etiology may become evident during subsequent investigations. It is essential to be able diagnose dysphagia as early detection is associated with decreased morbidity and in some cases mortality. In addition, early detection through clinical suspicion, confirmatory imaging or endoscopic evaluation is important as it can lead to early intervention with proper management depending on the underlying etiology, resulting in economic benefit and reduced medical costs. There are various causes of dysphagia, with the majority being benign, but a physician should always be aware of red flags present which may signal more serious causes, such as an underlying malignancy. Our goal in this review article is to focus on detecting the clinical signs of dysphagia and review appropriate further evaluation and update on management of this potentially serious condition in order for elderly patients to achieve an optimal quality of life.
Efficacy of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in HIV-Positive Patients
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Ni Bin , Sharma Nidhi ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Rosko Ashley ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Jr. Don M. Benson ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Efebera Yvonne A. ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Published: July 2021

Prior to the advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was relatively contraindicated for multiple myeloma (MM) patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to issues associated with stem cell harvest and the risk of opportunistic infections. With the widespread use of ART for control of HIV, ASCT is now the preferred treatment for relapsed lymphoma, the leading hematopoietic malignancy associated with HIV/AIDS. Hence, MM patients with HIV controlled by ART may benefit equally from aggressive combination treatment of chemotherapy and ASCT. This study seeks to evaluate the clinical course and treatment outcomes of patients with HIV and MM treated with ASCT. Five male patients with average age 53.2 years were included in this study. Patients were diagnosed with HIV prior to diagnosis of MM and were appropriately treated with ART prior to ASCT. All patients had undetectable HIV viral load (VL) prior to ASCT, and remained undetectable after ASCT. Adequate CD34+ stem cells were collected. Patients received high dose melphalan (200 mg/m2) followed by ASCT. ART was continued during ASCT. Patients experienced usual ASCT toxicities including diarrhea, mucositis, and neutropenic fever. All patients had normal neutrophil and platelet engraftments. 60% of patients had very good partial response or better after ASCT. All patients received post ASCT maintenance until progression/toxicity/patient decision. As of December 2020, 2 patients have died 51 and 85 months from ASCT due to other causes. The 3 remaining patients are alive 5-7 years after ASCT. MM patients with concurrent HIV infection that is controlled on ART would benefit from aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and ASCT, with continued ART as they tolerate ASCT as well as myeloma patients without HIV infection.
The Effect of 24/7, Digital-First, NHS Primary Care on Acute Hospital Spending: Retrospective Observational Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Winward Sam , Patel Tejal , Al-Saffar Mazin , Noble Matthew
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital health has the potential to revolutionize health care by improving accessibility, patient experience, outcomes, productivity, safety, and cost efficiency. In England, the NHS (National Health Service) Long Term Plan promised the right to access digital-first primary care by March 31, 2024. However, there are few global, fully digital-first providers and limited research into their effects on cost from a health system perspective.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of highly accessible, digital-first primary care on acute hospital spending.

METHODS

A retrospective, observational analysis compared acute hospital spending on patients registered to a 24/7, digital-first model of NHS primary care with that on patients registered to all other practices in North West London Collaboration of Clinical Commissioning Groups. Acute hospital spending data per practice were obtained under a freedom of information request. Three versions of NHS techniques designed to fairly allocate funding according to need were used to standardize or “weight” the practice populations; hence, there are 3 results for each year. The weighting adjusted the populations for characteristics that impact health care spending, such as age, sex, and deprivation. The total spending was divided by the number of standardized or weighted patients to give the spending per weighted patient, which was used to compare the 2 groups in the NHS financial years (FY) 2018-2019 (FY18/19) and 2019-2020 (FY19/20). FY18/19 costs were adjusted for inflation, so they were comparable with the values of FY19/20.

RESULTS

The NHS spending on acute hospital care for 2.43 million and 2.54 million people (FY18/19 and FY19/20) across 358 practices and 49 primary care networks was £1.6 billion and £1.65 billion (a currency exchange rate of £1=US $1.38 is applicable), respectively. The spending on acute care per weighted patient for Babylon GP at Hand members was 12%, 31%, and 54% (£93, P=.047; £223, P<.001; and £389, P<.001) lower than the regional average in FY18/19 for the 3 weighting methodologies used. In FY19/20, it was 15%, 35%, and 51% (£114, P=.006; £246, P<.001; and £362, P<.001) lower. This amounted to lower costs for the Babylon GP at Hand population of £1.37, £4.40 million, and £11.6 million, respectively, in FY18/19; and £3.26 million, £9.54 million, and £18.8 million, respectively, in FY19/20.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with access to 24/7, digital-first primary care incurred significantly lower acute hospital costs.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on survivors of human trafficking in the Philippines
Authors: Cordisco Tsai Laura , Eleccion Jonna , Panda Ankita
Published: July 2021

Pandemics disproportionately devastate those who are most vulnerable, including people who have experienced human trafficking. While numerous stakeholders have raised concerns regarding the potential effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on trafficked persons, very limited research exists documenting the effects of Covid-19 upon survivors. To understand the cross- cutting impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic upon human trafficking survivors, we must first listen to survivors themselves about how their basic safety, security, and health have been affected. We present findings from a rapid assessment conducted with human trafficking survivors in the Philippines regarding their experiences, needs, and priorities during the Covid-19 pandemic (n=233). Results of the rapid assessment revealed four primary concerns and priorities from the perspectives of survivors: food insecurity, loss of employment, mental health concerns, and an escalation in crisis incidents, with greater impact reported among those trafficked for sexual exploitation. Findings reinforce the need to broaden definitions of safety and facilitate emergency interventions that prioritize the most urgent needs articulated by survivors themselves.
Analysing Slavery through Satellite Technology: How Remote Sensing Could Revolutionise Data Collection to Help End Modern Slavery
Authors: Jackson Bethany , Bales Kevin , Owen Sarah , Wardlaw Jessica , Boyd Doreen
Published: July 2021

An estimated 40.3 million people are enslaved globally across a range of industries. Whilst these industries are known, their scale can hinder the fight against slavery. Some industries using slave labour are visible in satellite imagery, including mining, brick kilns, fishing and shrimp farming. Satellite data can provide supplementary details for large scales which cannot be easily gathered on the ground. This paper reviews previous uses of remote sensing in the humanitarian and human rights sectors and demonstrates how Earth Observation as a methodology can be applied to help achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal target 8.7.
Effects of Angus or Hereford Sires Bred to Predominately Angus Cows on Steer Offspring Growth Performance and Carcass Traits
Authors: Yang F. L. , Anschutz K. S. , Powell J. G. , Richeson J. T. , Pohlman F. W.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of sire breed, Angus or Hereford, on steer offspring performance and carcass traits of predominately Angus cows.Materials and MethodsOver 6 yr, 342 fall-calving, mixed aged Angus and Angus-crossbred cows were bred to either Angus or Hereford sires. Cattle were housed with access to pasture at the University of Arkansas’ beef research unit. Calves were processed at birth and weaned early-to-middle of May. After weaning, steers grazed at the farm for 2 mo before being transported to the West Texas A&M research feedlot, located in Canyon, TX, and remained there until harvest. Steers were harvested when a minimum backfat thickness of 1.0 cm was achieved. For harvest, steers were transported to a meat processing plant in Friona, Texas. Carcass data was collected for analysis. For analysis and results, steers with Angus sires were referred to as Angus steers and steers with Hereford sires were referred to as Hereford steers.ResultsHereford steers had greater (P < 0.05) birth weight than Angus steers. The adjusted weaning weight was greater (P < 0.05) for Angus steers than Hereford steers. Angus steers had greater hot carcass weight (P < 0.05) and ribeye area (P < 0.05) compared to Hereford steers. Hereford steers had higher (P < 0.05) yield grade than Angus steers. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in backfat thickness between Angus and Hereford steers. Angus steers had higher(P < 0.05) marbling number score than Hereford steers. The number of months from birth to harvest was longer (P < 0.05) in Angus steers compared to Hereford steers.ConclusionSire breed affected various carcass traits of steers from cows that were predominately Angus.
Impacts of Anatomical Location on Postmortem Color of Pork Longissimus Muscle
Authors: Sajeev D. , Thames H. T. , Burnett D. D. , Dinh T. T. N.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThis study was aimed to determine postmortem color of longissimus muscle in pork carcasses at various anatomical locations from the anterior to the posterior of the pork loin.Materials and MethodsSix gilts at market weight were harvested at the Mississippi State University Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory. The right loins were separated from the shoulder by making a straight cut between the second and third ribs, from the ham by cutting approximately 5 cm from the anterior edge of the aitch bone, and from the belly by making a straight cut from through two ventral points, 1.2 cm from the tenderloin and 2.5 cm from the longissimus muscle. The loins were then cut into 19 2.5-cm bone-in chops to expose the longissimus muscle and then allowed to bloom for 2 h. The chops were identified by the distance of their anterior surfaces to the anterior surface of the loins from which they were cut. Color of the longissimus muscle (L*, a*, b*, and reflectance spectra) was measured by a Hunter Lab MiniScan 4500L spectrophotometer (Hunter Associates Inc, Reston, VA) with illuminant A, 10° observer angle, and 25-mm aperture size on the anterior surface of the pork chops. Hue angle, chroma, and percentages of deoxymyoglobin, oxymyoglobin, and metmyoglobin were also calculated. Differences in color at 19 locations, Pearson’s correlation coefficients among color measurement, and prediction models for color parameters by location (cm) were determined by the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) using the linear mixed model with distance or location being the fixed effect and loin being the random effect. The coefficients of determination were estimated by the covariance parameters and the F values for fixed effects, which are the ratios of fixed effect variance to the residual variance.ResultsLocation had a great effect on the lightness, redness, and percentages of deoxymyoglobin and oxymyoglobin in longissimus muscle (P ≤ 0.028). Lightness from location 0 to 9 followed a quadratic relationship with distance (lightness = 54.75 + 1.26 × distance– 0.05 × distance2; R2 = 0.97; P < 0.001) and had a positive correlation with hue angle (r = 0.83; P < 0.001). Redness from location 0 to 18 followed a quadratic relationship with distance (redness = 22.19– 0.24 × distance + 0.005 × distance2; R2 = 0.99; P < 0.001) and had a positive correlation with oxymyoglobin percentage (r = 0.52; P < 0.001) and chroma (r = 0.93; P < 0.001). The oxymyoglobin percentage was greatest at the anterior (1– 5; 69 to 73%) and least at midpoint of the loin (10– 13; 63 to 65%; P < 0.001); whereas the percentage of deoxymyoglobin was opposite (P < 0.001). No location effect was found for metmyoglobin percentage (P = 0.137).ConclusionAnatomical location has a great impact on the color of the longissimus muscle, which is important for the evaluation of pork quality.
Effects of Finishing Diet and Packaging on Longissimus Dorsi Color
Authors: Perry M. , Pfeiffer M. , VanOverbeke D. , Ramanathan R. , Mafi G.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesMeat color is extremely influential in purchasing decisions as consumers associate a bright-red color with freshness. The type of finishing diet can influence beef color. Previous studies have shown that grass-finished cattle have darker muscle color than grain-finished cattle. With the use of modified atmospheric packaging (MAP), beef purveyors are able to vary the gas compositions within a package and enhance beef color. However, limited studies have determined the effects of modified atmospheric packaging on grass-finished beef color. The objective of this study was to determine how finishing diet and packaging type affects the color of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle.Materials and MethodsDuring the stocker period, all of the cattle were on a forage diet. Cattle were then randomly assigned to either a conventional grain-based diet or an alfalfa pasture diet for finishing. Both conventionally and pasture-finished cattle were fed for 91 d. Cattle were slaughtered on the same day at a commercial beef processing facility under normal conditions and chilled for approximately 30 h. After grading, one strip loin from each carcass was collected and transported to Oklahoma State University. At 11 d postmortem, one steak (n = 60) from each strip loin was vacuum packaged and randomly assigned to display. Those steaks were then randomly assigned to PVC, HiOx-MAP (80% oxygen and 20% carbon dioxide), or CO-MAP (0.4% carbon monoxide, 69.5% nitrogen, and 30% carbon dioxide) packaging and were displayed under retail conditions for 5 d. Muscle darkening (MD), muscle color (MC), and surface discoloration (SD) were all analyzed by a trained panel (n = 6). MD was evaluated only on d 0 and MC and SD were scored once every 24 h for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 d. Lipid oxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay on d 4. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS.ResultsThere was a significant display day by finishing diet by packaging interaction (P < 0.05) for muscle color and surface discoloration. There was also a significant finishing diet by packaging interaction (P < 0.05) for muscle darkening. Steaks packaged in HiOx-MAP remained the most stable in color and the brightest cherry-red colored throughout display time (P < 0.05) compared with other packaging types. PVC was the most discolored (P < 0.05) on d 3 and 4 when compared to HiOx-MAP and CO-MAP with the grain-finished PVC packaged steaks showing the most discoloration on d 4. Pasture-finished steaks packaged in CO-MAP displayed the darkest colored muscle (P < 0.05) on d 0. Steaks packaged in PVC had a higher amount of lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) compared with other packaging types.ConclusionThese results indicate that HiOx-MAP more effectively maintains the desired beef color of bright cherry-red for pasture-finished beef. The results also indicate that the use of appropriate packaging type can minimize the losses due to discoloration of steaks from either grain or grass-finished beef.
Fat Reduction in Processed Meat Using Hot-Boning and Cold-Batter Mincing Technology
Authors: Wonderly Morgan P. , Lee Hong C. , Pokharel Siroj , Strasburg Gale M. , Marks Bradley P. , Kang Ike
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesProcessed meats have high fat contents that have been linked to adverse effects on human health. The purpose of this study was to generate low-fat meat products using the combination of hot-boning (HB), crust-freeze-air-chilling (CFAC; HB-CFAC), and cold-batter mincing technologies.Materials and MethodsTwelve commercial pigs (4 pigs/replication) were obtained locally and processed in a traditional way. Skinless, boneless, fresh pork ham (IMPS#402G) was harvested and subjected to either hot-boning (HB) at 1-h poste-mortem or chill-boning (CB) at 24 h post-mortem. All pork ham muscles were cut into one-inch wide strips and subjected to crust-freeze-air-chilling (CFAC). The resulting strips were 3-min pre-chopped and 6-min post-chopped for full-fat batters (FF), using 65% ham muscle of CFAC, 15% pork back-fat, 16% ice, 2% salt, and 2% starch. For low-fat batters (LF), the strips were similarly chopped with the same ingredients except 0% pork back-fat and 31% ice. Data in three replications were evaluated by one-way ANOVA, using PASW 18 statistic program and a completely randomized design. A post-hoc analysis was performed using Duncan`s multiple range test to evaluate differences of fat content and protein functionality among treatments at P < 0.05.ResultsAfter chilling, the pH 6.27 of HB-loin muscles at an hour post-mortem was significantly higher than that pH 5.63 of CB-loin muscles at 24 h post-mortem (P < 0.05). Similarly, the pH 6.0 of cooked HB-gels was higher than the pH 5.7 of cooked CB-gels, regardless of fat content (P < 0.05). The 65% moisture and 11– 12% fat in full-fat gels (HB-FF and CB-FF) were lower and higher, respectively, than 76– 78% moisture and 1.6– 3.0% fat in low-fat gels (HB-LF and CB-LF), regardless of boning type. Cooking yield (%) was improved in HB-gels more than CB-gels. In responding to the cooking yield, the lowest and the highest expressible moistures were found in HB-FF gels and CB-LF gels, respectively. Both HB-FF and HB-LF gels showed higher values for hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess than CB-FF gels, with the least value found in CB-LF gels. These results indicated that the cold-batter mincing of HB-muscles provided higher protein functionality and gel-forming ability than that of CB-muscles so that fat was reduced without textural quality loss (P < 0.05). The next step of this research is to generate fatty/creamy-like texture by chopping low-fat ham muscles at sub-zero temperatures for extended times, resulting in small and uniform protein particle sizes.
Effects of Divergently Selected Broiler Lines for Meat Color on Pseudomonas Growth Under Simulated Retail Display
Authors: Yang F. L. , Orlowski S. J. , Hiltz J. Z. , Pohlman F. W. , Anthony N. B.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesSelection of broilers based on L* values have affected the meat pH of broiler breast meat. The objective is to determine if the selection of L* values have affected Pseudomonas ssp. growth under simulated retail display.Materials and MethodsBroilers from the 13th generation of three different lines (n = 30/line) selected for high L* (HMC), low L* (LMC) and a random bred control (RBC) were harvested at 7 wk of age. Carcasses were weighed and deboned after a 4 h postmortem (PM) chill. Parts were weighed to determine parts yield based on chilled carcass weight. Meat pH was determined 24 h PM and 24 h drip loss was determined. Split breasts were weighed, packaged, displayed under simulated retail conditions, and sampled on display Days 0, 1, 2, and 3 for instrumental color and microbial count of Pseudomonas ssp.ResultsChilled carcass weight was greater (P < 0.05) in the HMC and RBC lines than the LMC line. Percent yield of breast, wing, leg and rack were not different (P > 0.05) among the three lines. The LMC and RBC lines had greater (P < 0.05) tenderloin yield compared to the HMC line. The LMC line had greater (P < 0.05) meat pH followed by the RBC line and then the HMC line. The HMC line had greater (P < 0.05) L*, b* and hue values followed by RBC line and then LMC line. The LMC line had greater (P < 0.05) a* values and oxymyoglobin ratio followed by RBC line and then LMC line. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in chroma among the three lines. After 24 h PM, the HMC line had more (P < 0.05) percent drip loss than the LMC and RBC lines but there was no difference (P > 0.05) in package drip loss from the start of simulated display to end of simulated display among the three lines. On each display day, the LMC line had increased counts of Pseudomonas ssp. compared to the RBC and LMC lines. Counts of Pseudomonas ssp. was similar between RBC and LMC lines on display Days 0, 2, and 3 with RBC line having increased counts on display Day 1 compared to the HMC line. There was a weak correlation (r = 0.12) between meat pH and counts of Pseudomonas ssp.ConclusionSelection for L* affected chilled carcass weights and percent yield of tenderloins, but not any other part yields. The growth of Pseudomonas ssp. is affected by the lines selected for L* but the relationship of meat pH and the growth of Pseudomonas ssp. is weak.
Myoglobin Modeling to Study Species-Specific Differences in the Distance Between Heme Iron and Proximal and Distal Histidines
Authors: Mazunder S. , Denzer M. , Suman S. , Mohanty S. , Mafi G. , VanOverbeke D. , Ramanathan R.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesSpecies-specific differences in amino acid sequence influence myoglobin redox properties. Previous studies reported that the number and location of histidine residues can influence myoglobin redox stability. However, limited knowledge is currently available on the species-specific differences in the distances between the proximal (His 93) and distal (His 64) histidines and the heme iron in myoglobin. The objective of the current research was to utilize homology-based modeling to determine the distances between the proximal and distal histidines and the heme iron in the myoglobins from beef, pork, goat, bison, sheep, water-buffalo, venison, and emu.Materials and MethodsThe homology-based modeling was conducted using the Iterative Threading Assembly Refinement server (I-TASSER), which identifies the homologous structure models of myoglobins (beef, pork, goat, bison, sheep, water-buffalo, venison, and emu) from Protein Data Bank (PDB) using an algorithm named Local Meta-Threading-Server. The secondary structure of the target protein was predicted based on sequence information from the Protein Secondary Structure PREDiction algorithm. The lowest free energy conformations of the proteins were determined by SPICKER (a clustering approach to identify near-native protein folds). Refinement of the low free energy conformations were done by using Fragment Guided Molecular Dynamics simulations and ModRefiner. Prediction of the ligand-binding site of the target proteins were made by COACH algorithm. The distances between histidines (His 64 and His 93) and the iron in the heme group in the predicted structure of eight different species were determined using PyMOL, a computer software used for molecular visualization.ResultsThe homology-based modeling has shown that despite having 80% sequence similarity and conserved histidine residues (His 64 and His 93), the distance between the distal histidine (His 64) and heme iron varied between 4.3–5.5 Angstrom. Pork myoglobin has the shortest distance, and beef myoglobin has the longest distance. The distance between the proximal histidine (His 93) to the heme varied between 1.9 to 3 Angstrom; sheep myoglobin had the shortest and bison had the longest.ConclusionThe results suggest that in addition to the inherent differences in muscle biochemistry, variations in myoglobin structure also contributes to species-specific differences in meat color.
Reduction of Salmonella in Pork Trimmings
Authors: Cobb H. C. , Sajeev D. , Thames H. T. , Park S. , White S. B. , Feugang J. M. N. , Sukumaran A. T. , Dinh T. T. N.
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy of dipping pork trimmings in acetic acid on Salmonella reduction.Materials and MethodsPork loins were purchased from a commercial purveyor and trimmed of external fat and connective tissues, leaving only the longissimus muscle, which was further cut into 2.5 cm (W) × 2.5 cm (L) × 1.3 cm (H) cubes. Pork cubes were randomly assigned to a negative control (no inoculation, no dipping; NEG), a positive control (inoculation, no dipping; POS), acetic acid dipping at 21°C (ACC) and acetic acid dipping at 50°C (ACH) with a 15-, 45-, or 75-s dipping duration (n = 10 per treatment × time combination). Two inoculation levels, 108 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/cube of bioluminescent gene-modified (Lux) or 105 CFU/cube of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enteritica serovar Typhimurium, were inoculated onto pork cubes to determine the antibacterial effects of each treatment condition by in vivo bioluminescence imaging system (IVIS) or direct CFU measurement on XLD agar, respectively. In Experiment 1, the cubes were dipped for 15 s to measure the reduction effects by employing both IVIS and CFU. In Experiment 2, cubes were dipped with three dipping durations and the CFU were calculated. The common logarithm of Lux and CFU were calculated and analyzed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Actual probability values were reported.ResultsIn Experiment 1, at 108 inoculation level, ACC and ACH reduced the growth of Salmonella by 1.8 and 1.6 log, respectively (P < 0.001) without treatment difference (P = 0.207). However, at 105 inoculation level, ACC and ACH reduced Salmonella by 0.2 and 0.3 log, respectively (P ≤ 0.026). In Experiment 2, at 105 inoculation level with three dipping durations, the ACH treatment reduced Salmonella by 0.9 log more than the ACC treatment (P < 0.001). The 75-s dipping duration was the most effective, providing a reduction of 0.7-log more than the 15-s duration (P = 0.001). No 2-way treatment × time interaction was observed (P = 0.104).ConclusionThe present study suggests that the pork trimmings be dipped into 3% acetic acid solution at 50°C for at least 75 s to ensure the safety of further processed pork products.
Dentine sialophosphoprotein signal in dentineogenesis and dentine regeneration
Authors: Liu MM , Li WT , Xia XM , Wang F , MacDougall M , Chen S
Published: July 2021

Dentineogenesis starts on odontoblasts, which synthesise and secrete non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) and collagen. When dentine is injured, dental pulp progenitors/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate to the injured area, differentiate into odontoblasts and facilitate formation of reactionary dentine. Dental pulp progenitor cell/MSC differentiation is controlled at given niches. Among dental NCPs, dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, whose members share common biochemical characteristics such as an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. DSPP expression is cell- and tissue-specific and highly seen in odontoblasts and dentine. DSPP mutations cause hereditary dentine diseases. DSPP is catalysed into dentine glycoprotein (DGP)/sialoprotein (DSP) and phosphoprotein (DPP) by proteolysis. DSP is further processed towards active molecules. DPP contains an RGD motif and abundant Ser-Asp/Asp-Ser repeat regions. DPP-RGD motif binds to integrin αVβ3 and activates intracellular signalling via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-ERK pathways. Unlike other SIBLING proteins, DPP lacks the RGD motif in some species. However, DPP Ser-Asp/Asp-Ser repeat regions bind to calcium-phosphate deposits and promote hydroxyapatite crystal growth and mineralisation via calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) cascades. DSP lacks the RGD site but contains signal peptides. The tripeptides of the signal domains interact with cargo receptors within the endoplasmic reticulum that facilitate transport of DSPP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the middle- and COOH-terminal regions of DSP bind to cellular membrane receptors, integrin β6 and occludin, inducing cell differentiation. The present review may shed light on DSPP roles during odontogenesis.
Customer Segmentation using Data Mining Techinique
Authors: . Medha
Published: July 2021

Data mining technique can help implementing customer relationship management dimensions namely customer identification, customer attraction, customer retention and customer development . Various Data mining functions can be used to implement CRM elements . This review paper is focused on one of the element of customer identification that is customer segmentation and its implentation using K-means clustering technique. It discuses in breif about the K-means Algorithm.
A Research on Smart Car Parking System using IOT
Authors: Uke Ashvini
Published: July 2021

The internet of things plays an important role of connecting numerous physical devices and automating them to create human’s life easier. By exploitation sensors, actuators and numerous software package therefore we are able to connect objects and transfer information. Today government has created priority to create cities good across the country. To create a town good, we've to try and do numerous things that may be developed exploitation net of things and good parking is one in all them. With the event of road infrastructure, there's a big increase in variety of personal vehicles which ends in hold up, directly effecting the flow of traffic, and lifetime of voters. Parking becomes a big downside within the urban areas. The analysis paper proposes a wise parking system to unravel the present parking downside at reasonable value. The projected smart Parking system consists of associate on-the-scene preparation of associate IOT module that’s custom-made monitor and signalizes the state of convenience of each single automobile car parking zone. A mobile page is to boot providing permits associate user to see the availability of automobile car parking zone and book a parking slot consequently. Towards the tip, the complete projected system shows the operative of the system in kind of a use case that proves the correctness of the projected model.
Feed- Forward Neural Network based Day Ahead Nodal Pricing
Authors: Rokamwar Kaustubh
Published: July 2021

An electricity locational marginal pricing prediction normally recognized by 24-hour day-ahead nodal price forecast. In this paper first collected all physical and technical data i.e. availability of generation and their cost characteristics, real and reactive demands at various buses, transmission capacity availability at various conditions like peak and off-peak conditions. All these input data are used as input for computation of optimal power flow. The nodal prices are calculated with AC-DC optimal power flow methodology for IEEE 30 bus system. The resulted optimal real electricity bus voltages, nodal prices, reactive and real demands, angles have been given as inputs to Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for predict day ahead nodal prices.
Movie Recommending System Using Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Rao P. Rama
Published: July 2021

Movies are one of the sources of entertainment, but the problem is in finding the content of our choice because content is increasing every year. However, recommendation systems plays here an important role for finding the content of desired domain in these situations. The aim of this paper is to improve the accuracy and performance of a filtration techniques existed. There are several methods and algorithms existed to implement a recommendation system. Content-based filtering is the simplest method, it takes input from the users, checks the movie and its content and recommends a list of similar movies. In this paper, to prove the effectiveness of our system, K-NN algorithms and collaborative filtering are used. Here, the usage of cosine similarity is done for recommending the nearest neighbours.