bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Noncentrosymmetric Sodium Borate: Crystal Growth, Characterization and Properties on Na2B4O12H10.
Authors: Wang Yongjiang , Pan Shilie , Hou Xueling , Liu Gang , Wang Jide , Jia Dianzeng
Published: December 2010

Transparent, good quality and fairly large‐sized single crystals of the title compound are prepared from aqueous solutions of NaOH and H3BO3 by the standard evaporation method (45 °C, 3 weeks) and hydrothermally (autoclave, 180 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminosilicate Relatives: Chalcogenoaluminogermanates Rb3(AlQ2)3(GeQ2)7 (Q: S, Se).
Authors: Rothenberger Alexander , Shafaei‐Fallah Maryam , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: December 2010

The new title compounds are prepared by heating stoichiometric amounts of Rb2S5 or Rb2Se, Al, Ge, and S or Se (850 °C, 3 d, ≈100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Oxomolybdate Component Extracted from the “Virtual Dynamic Library” Yielding the Macrocyclic Anion [(Mo8VIO28)4 (Mo2VO2S2)4] 24‐.
Authors: Korenev Vladimir S. , Boulay Antoine G. , Dolbecq Anne , Sokolov Maxim N. , Hijazi Akram , Floquet Sebastien , Fedin Vladimir P. , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: December 2010

K(NH4)23 [({Mo8O28}{Mo2O2S2}) 4]·48H2O is synthesized by mixing an aqueous NH4OAc solution of (NH4)6Mo7O24 and a suspension of K2I2 [Mo10O10S10(OH)10 (H2O)5] in water acidified by H2SO4 (40→25 °C, 4—6 h, 38% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: (In1‐yMny)MnO3 (1/9 ≤ y ≤ 1/3): Unusual Perovskite with Unusual Properties.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Tanaka Masahiko , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: December 2010

In1‐xMnO3‐1.5x (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) samples are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of In2O3 and Mn2O3 (Pt capsules, 6 GPa, 1773 K, 40 min) and characterized by powder XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Desymmetrizations of meso‐Anhydrides.
Authors: Schmitt Ellen , Schiffers Ingo , Bolm Carsten
Published: December 2010

Low molecular cyclohexane‐based organocatalysts promote highly enantioselective desymmetrizations of cyclic meso‐anhydrides with up to 96% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Chitosan Aerogel: A Recyclable, Heterogeneous Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction in Water.
Authors: Ricci Alfredo , Bernardi Luca , Gioia Claudio , Vierucci Simone , Robitzer Mike , Quignard Francoise
Published: December 2010

Aerogel microspheres of chitosan are successfully applied as a chiral catalyst for the asymmetric aldol reaction of isatin (I) and p‐nitrobenzaldehyde (IV) with several ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of a Silyl Ketene Acetal to α,β‐Unsaturated Cyclic Anhydrides.
Authors: Gnaneshwar Rudhramyna , Sivaram Swaminathan
Published: December 2010

Addition of silyl ketene acetal (II) to itaconic anhydride (I) in the presence of a Lewis acid, Yb(OFf)3, proceeds in a 1,4‐fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular [1 + 4 + 1] Cycloaddition: Establishment of the Method.
Authors: Taber Douglass F. , Guo Pengfei , Guo Na
Published: December 2010

An optimized sequence is elaborated for the preparation of cyclopropane‐containing bicyclic compounds which are transformed to polycyclic ring systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Diamination of Conjugated Dienes via Dual Mechanistic Pathways.
Authors: Zhao Baoguo , Peng Xingao , Cui Sunliang , Shi Yian
Published: December 2010

The diamination can be easily switched from the terminal [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Preparation of Azenes by Oxidation of Aromatic Amines with Molecular Oxygen in Subcritical Water.
Authors: Kus Nermin Simsek
Published: December 2010

A simple, economical and environmentally friendly method is developed for the synthesis of diazenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Remarkable Solvent Effect on Zn(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones.
Authors: Ozasa Hiroki , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko
Published: December 2010

The combination of Zn(O‐Ac)2 and DMF is found to effectively hydrosilylate various ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Retro‐Aldol Reactions Using Fluorous Ether F‐626 as a Reaction Medium.
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Kawamoto Takuji , Okamura Takahiro , Denichoux Aurelien , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: December 2010

The high‐boiling F‐626 as an recyclable medium allows the preparation of the target ketones, which are formed together with 2‐methylene ketones as by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Synthetic Applications of Samarium Enolates of Unmasked Amides: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Aminoamides and 3‐Amino‐2‐chloroamides.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Concellon Carmen , Simal Carmen , Alvaredo Noemi
Published: December 2010

In situ prepared samarium acetamide and chloroacetamide enolates react with the aldimines to yield the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of α,α‐Difluoroalkyl Aryl Thioethers and Their Oxidative Desulfurization—Fluorination to Trifluorides.
Authors: Hugenberg Verena , Haufe Guenter
Published: December 2010

Difluoroacetates (II) are synthesized via two succeeding fluoro‐Pummerer rearrangements using the combination of N‐haloimides as electrophiles and excess Olah′s reagent as the fluoride source.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Thioethers: Thio‐Substituted [3]Cumulenes, ‐1‐Buten‐3‐ynes and Buta‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Ibis Cemil , Sahin Aysecik
Published: December 2010

The reaction of the pentachlorobutadiene (I) with several thiols yielding butenynes and butadienes and reaction of the products to cumulenes, e.g. (VI), are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Pot Preparation of N‐Substituted Thioamides.
Authors: Pandey Lokesh Kumar , Pathak Uma , Mazumder Avik , Mathur Sweta
Published: December 2010

The microwave‐assisted two‐step synthesis is accomplished as one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls by the Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction: Substrate Scope and Quantum Mechanical Investigations.
Authors: Shen Xiaoqiang , Jones Gavin O. , Watson Donald A. , Bhayana Brijesh , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: December 2010

A broad spectrum of target compounds is prepared under optimized conditions A) using either enantiomer of the ligand KenPhos.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Control Using a Catalyst Switch in the Reaction of Diarylmethyl Chlorides with Allyltributylstannane.
Authors: Peng Bo , Feng Xiujuan , Zhang Xin , Ji Liyun , Bao Ming
Published: December 2010

Dearomatization or Stille‐type cross‐coupling reaction takes place using the same diarylmethyl chlorides and allyltributyltin but different catalysts (Pd2(dba)3/PPh3 or PCy3·HBF4, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Sonogashira Coupling in Water with Linear Polystyrene‐Stabilized PdO Nanoparticles.
Authors: Teratani Takuto , Ohtaka Atsushi , Kawashima Takahiro , Shimomura Osamu , Nomura Ryoki
Published: December 2010

The method is investigated with various aryl iodides and bromobenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Halides with Indenyllithiums.
Authors: Someya Hidenori , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: December 2010

The reaction, catalyzed by AgBr, is applied to a wide range of secondary and tertiary alkyl halides to afford the corresponding indene or fluorene [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐2,4,6‐trioxoperhydropyrimidine‐5‐spiro‐3′‐ (1′,2′,3′,4′‐tetrahydroquinolines).
Authors: Krasnov Konstantin A. , Kartsev Victor G. , Khrustalev Victor N.
Published: December 2010

The target products are obtained from 1‐monoalkylbarbituric acids with o‐tert‐aminobenzaldehydes to afford mostly diastereomeric mixtures from the N‐methyl substrate (I) and single diastereomers from the N‐t‐Bu‐ substrate (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Example of Ring Expansion of N‐Tosylaziridines to 2‐Aroyl‐N‐tosylazetidines with Nitrogen Ylides in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Garima Garima , Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: December 2010

Tertiary amines catalyze the ring expansion of aziridines (I) to 2‐aroyl‐azetidines (III) with nitrogen ylides formed in situ from phenacyl bromide derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with γ‐Butenolide under Multifunctional Catalysis.
Authors: Huang Huicai , Yu Feng , Jin Zhichao , Li Wenjun , Wu Wenbin , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: December 2010

A direct organocatalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael reaction of γ‐butenolide (II) with α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) is investigated using a multifunctional primary amine salt.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Reactions for the Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Benzofurans and Indoles.
Authors: Boyer Alistair , Isono Naohiro , Lackner Sebastian , Lautens Mark
Published: December 2010

Rhodium catalysts promote the transformation of o‐alkynyl phenols and anilines to benzofurans (II) and indoles (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines via an aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Kitulagoda James E. , Palmelund Anders , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: December 2010

The aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hilman reaction of cyclic O,N‐acetals with Michael acceptors gives a series of 2,5‐trans substituted pyrrolidines with good to excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Iminofurans. Unusual Reaction of 3‐(4‐Bromophenylimino)‐5‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐2‐one with Malononitrile and Ethyl Cyanoacetate.
Authors: Rubtsov A. E. , Aliev Z. G. , Maiorova O. A.
Published: December 2010

Title reaction gives pyrrole derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Valent Zirconocene‐Mediated Cyclization of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Oximes.
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Shintaku Yuki , Kudo Daisuke , Okauchi Tatsuo
Published: December 2010

Treatment of γ,δ‐unsaturated syn oximes bearing an N‐methoxy group with low‐valent zirconocene prepared by Negishi′s procedure results in cyclization to dihydropyrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Furan Ring Opening—Pyrrole Ring Closure: Simple Route to 5‐Alkyl‐2‐(aminomethyl)pyrroles.
Authors: Butin Alexander V. , Nevolina Tatyana A. , Shcherbinin Vitaly A. , Uchuskin Maxim G. , Serdyuk Olga V. , Trushkov Igor V.
Published: December 2010

The synthesis of the title pyrroles is based on hydrolytic ring opening of substrates (I) followed by pyrrole ring closure of ketones (II) under Paal—Knorr conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Tandem Reaction in Water: An Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyisoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhai Yun , Li Jian , Ye Deju , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong
Published: December 2010

The title reaction represents an atom‐economical and environmentally friendly transformation with high functional‐group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes Employing Boric Acid.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Gupta Manoj K. , Jain Ruchi , Yadav Nagendra N. , Reddy Basi V. Subba
Published: December 2010

A new method for the synthesis of the title compounds such as (III), (V), (VII) and (IX) via B(OH)3‐mediated coupling of indoles with carbonyl compounds under solvent‐free conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Preparative Synthesis of Epoxy[1,3]oxazino(or oxazolo)[2,3‐a]isoindoles and Their Thia Analogues via IMDAF.
Authors: Zubkov Fedor I. , Galeev Timur R. , Nikitina Eugeniya V. , Lazenkova Irina V. , Zaytsev Vladimir P. , Varlamov Alexey V.
Published: December 2010

The intramolecular furan Diels—Alder reaction (IMDAF) of azomethines, prepared from furfurals and amino alcohols or thiols, with dienophiles (III) and (IX) affords the title skeletons in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Aminoisoxazolines from N‐Allyl Compounds and Nitrile Oxides via Tandem Isomerization‐1,3‐dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Bujak Piotr , Krompiec Stanislaw , Malarz Joanna , Krompiec Michal , Filapek Michal , Danikiewicz Witold , Kania Magdalena , Gebarowska Katarzyna , Grudzka Iwona
Published: December 2010

The successful isomerization of N‐allylazole uses KOH/18‐crown‐6 [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 3‐Hydroxypiperidines.
Authors: Wijdeven Marloes A. , van Delft Floris L. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: December 2010

From known cyanohydrin (I) three hydroxypiperidine building blocks, (III), (IX) and (XV) are prepared and used for the synthesis of 24 title compounds, based on N‐acyliminium chemistry and cross‐metathesis as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: A Double Mannich Approach to the Synthesis of Substituted Piperidones—Application to the Synthesis of Substituted E‐Ring Analogues of Methyllycaconitine.
Authors: Chan Yinman , Balle Jared , Sparrow J. Kevin , Boyd Peter D. W. , Brimble Margaret A. , Barker David
Published: December 2010

A set of E‐ring analogues (X) of the delphinium alkaloid methyllycaconitine (XI) is prepared from title compounds (VII) using established transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]quinoline Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation of 2‐Aryl‐3‐iodo‐4‐(phenylamino)quinolines and 4‐(N,N‐Allylphenylamino)‐2‐aryl‐3‐iodoquinolines.
Authors: Mphahlele Malose J. , Lesenyeho Lehlohonolo G. , Makelane Hlamulo R.
Published: December 2010

Complete selectivity is observed in the Pd‐catalyzed ring closure of the N‐allylated (IV) to yield the tricyclic products (V) exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of Functionalized Piperidines by Regioselective Ring Opening of Aziridines by Enals Catalyzed by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Singh Santosh , Rai Vijai K. , Singh Pankaj , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: December 2010

Ketones of type (I), previously prepared by ring opening of aziridines with enals, undergo a regio‐ and diastereoselective intramolecular aza‐Michael addition to afford cis‐piperidinones in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)‐Promoted Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Tertiary Amines with Trimethyl(tifluoromethyl)silane.
Authors: Chu Lingling , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: December 2010

The first examples of an oxidative transformation of tertiary amines promoted by benzoyl peroxides without transition metal are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbene Induced Rearrangement Products from Two Furoquinolinone Scaffolds.
Authors: Lindahl Karl‐Fredrik , Carroll Anthony , Quinn Ronald J. , Ripper Justin A.
Published: December 2010

Three novel rearrangement products, (III),(IV), and (VIII), are derived from substrates belonging to the furoquinoline class.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐4,5‐dihydro(5H)4‐oxothieno[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2‐carboxylic Acids and Their Alkyl Esters.
Authors: Jayashree A. , Darbarwar Malleshwar
Published: December 2010

4‐Chloro‐3‐cyanoquinolinones (I) readily undergo cyclization with thioglycolic acid or its alkyl esters (II) furnishing the title compounds (III) (9 examples) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of 3H‐Azuleno[8,1‐cd]pyridazines and Their Thermal and Photochemical Reactions.
Authors: Wu Chi‐Phi , Devulapally Rammohan , Li Tsung‐Chieh , Ku Chien‐Kuo , Chung Hsien‐Chung
Published: December 2010

A convenient one‐pot procedure is developed for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) and (VI) via acid‐catalyzed imine formation, intramolecular cyclization and dehydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐2‐thioxoquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones from Nitrocompounds with the Aid of Tin(II) Chloride.
Authors: Wang Man‐Man , Dou Guo‐Lan , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: December 2010

The novel reductive cyclization of 2‐nitrobenzamides with isothiocyanates has advantages as easily accessible starting materials and isolation of products via simple recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Versatile Approach Toward a One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones.
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Salehi Peyman , Bahramnejad Mahboobeh , Alizadeh Mohsen
Published: December 2010

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds via iodine‐mediated three‐component reaction of isatoic anhydride (I) with aldehydes and amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4‐Diamino‐Substituted Thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Zhang Yangming , Tang Jie , Yang Fan , Nan Fajun
Published: December 2010

An efficient and practical procedure for the synthesis of the title compounds such as (IV) and (VI) starting from 2,4‐dichlorothieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine (I) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Imatinib and Its Intermediates.
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Xia Wenpin , Luo Yu , Lu Wei
Published: December 2010

An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of the anticancer drug imatinib (X) using the condensation of the two pivotal intermediates imine (VIII) and acid (IX) as the key step, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of trans‐N‐{2‐ [4‐(2‐Methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl] ethyl}‐N‐(2‐pyridyl)‐N‐(4‐tosyloxymethylcyclohexane)carboxamide, a Precursor of [18F]Mefway for Imaging 5‐HT1A Receptor.
Authors: Choi Jae Yong , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Jung Young , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Ryu Young Hoon
Published: December 2010

An efficient synthesis for the precursor (V) of [18F]mefway is presented which includes improved coupling and reduction procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclizations of Functionalized Heterocumulenes with C,N‐, C,O‐, and C,S‐Binucleophiles. Part 12. Synthesis of Alkyl 3‐Aryl‐1,5‐dioxo‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrimido [1,6‐a]quinoxaline‐4‐carboxylates
Authors: Kushnir O. V. , Vovk M. V.
Published: December 2010

via reaction of quinoxalin‐2‐ylidene derivatives (I) with α‐chlorobenzyl isocyanates (9 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Tandem Condensation of 2‐Furonitriles with Diethylenetriamine
Authors: Terenin V. I. , Galkin M. V. , Kabanova E. V. , Ivanov A. S.
Published: December 2010

furnishing tricyclic structures (V)
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzothiazepines from 1,3‐Benzothiazines via the Ring Transformation of β‐Lactam‐Condensed 1,3‐Benzothiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Fodor Lajos , Csomos Peter , Csampai Antal , Sohar Pal
Published: December 2010

Staudinger reaction of benzothiazines with chloroacetyl chloride provides trans‐lactams (III) selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structures of Chiral, Nonracemic 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,3,4‐oxadiazines.
Authors: Hitchcock Shawn R. , Dean Melissa A. , Kelley Christopher J. , Edler Kate L. , Ferrence Gregory M.
Published: December 2010

The Ephedra‐based oxadiazines (IV), (VII) and (VIII) are synthesized as potential tools for conducting asymmetric syntheses via intramolecular chiral relay.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydro‐3‐(triphenylphosphoranylidene)‐2,5‐thiophendione: A Convenient Synthon for the Preparation of Substituted 1,4‐Thiazepin‐5‐ones and Piperidinones via the Intermediacy of Thioacids.
Authors: Crich David , Rahaman Md. Yeajur
Published: December 2010

The title synthon (III) reacts with a series of aldehydes to give monothioitanoic anhydride derivatives such as (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Allylboronates.
Authors: Cmrecki Vesna , Eichenauer Nils C. , Frey Wolfgang , Pietruszka Joerg
Published: December 2010

The chiral bis(methoxydiphenylmethyl)dioxaborolanyl auxiliary shows a surprisingly high stability by utilizing microwave assisted conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Phosphoryloxylactonization of Pentenoic Acids with (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene.
Authors: Zhou Zhong Shi , He Xue Han
Published: December 2010

The simple procedure includes addition of diacetoxyiodobenzene to pentanoic acids followed by nucleophilic substitution with phosphates.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Selenium Dichloride and Dibromide with Divinyl Sulfone: Synthesis of Novel Four‐ and Five‐Membered Selenium Heterocycles.
Authors: Potapov Vladimir A. , Kurkutov Evgeny O. , Musalov Maxim V. , Amosova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2010

Products (IV) and (VII) are formed during purification by silica gel chromatography via dehalogenation of the primary products (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Cardenolides from Methanol Extract of Stems and Twigs of Nerium oleander.
Authors: Bai Liming , Zhao Ming , Toki Asami , Sakai Jun‐ichi , Yang Xiao‐yang , Bai Yuhua , Ando Mariko , Hirose Katsutoshi , Ando Masayoshi
Published: December 2010

Cardenolides B‐1 (I) and B‐2 (II) are isolated together with oleagenin (III), the aglycon of oleaside A, which is isolated for the first time from natural sources.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Tumescenamides A and B, Two Peptides Produced by Streptomyces tumescens YM23‐260.
Authors: Seto Haruo , et al. et al.
Published: December 2010

Tumescenamide A (Ia) induces gene expression under the control of the insulin‐degrading enzyme promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: Styrylpyrones from the Medicinal Fungus Phellinus baumii and Their Antioxidant Properties.
Authors: Lee In‐Kyoung , Han Myung‐Suk , Lee Myeong‐Seok , Kim Young‐Sook , Yun Bong‐Sik
Published: December 2010

A new styrylpyrone, baumin (I), is isolated together with six known compounds from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus baumii, used as traditional medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Acyl‐CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor: Indoline‐Based Sulfamide Derivatives with Low Lipophilicity and Protein Binding Ratio.
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Ohta Masaru , Shoji Yoshimichi , Kasai Masayasu , Kunishiro Kazuyoshi , Miike Tomohiro , Kanda Mamoru , Shirahase Hiroaki
Published: December 2010

Starting from N(1‐acetyl‐4,6‐dimethylindolin‐7‐yl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropanamide a series of novel indoline‐based sulfamide derivatives are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives with Inhibitory Activities Against Acyl‐CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Lipid Peroxidation.
Authors: Ohta Masaru , Takahashi Kenji , Kasai Masayasu , Shoji Yoshimichi , Kunishiro Kazuyoshi , Miike Tomohiro , Kanda Mamoru , Mukai Chisato , Shirahase Hiroaki
Published: December 2010

Among the title derivatives, compound (I) exhibits 16‐fold stronger anti‐foam cell formation activity, 3‐fold stronger hepatic ACAT inhibitory activity, similar LDL oxidative activity and 2‐fold more potent protective activity against macrophage cell death compared to the known ACAT inhibitor Pactimibe.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Nanoparticles with Gases
Authors: Aika Ken‐Ichi
Published: December 2010

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Containing Polyoxotungstates: Structure and Redox Activity
Authors: Kortz Ulrich
Published: December 2010

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomers in the Chemistry of Mercury Coordination Compounds
Authors: Melnik Milan
Published: December 2010

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination Chemistry at Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Toma Henrique E. , Zamarion Vitor M. , Toma Sergio H. , Araki Koiti
Published: December 2010

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Construction of 1,2‐cis‐α‐Glycosidic Linkages Using Glycosyl Diphenyl Phosphates and Synthesis of α‐Galactosylceramide KRN7000
Authors: Nambu Hisanori , Nakamura Seiichi , Suzuki Noritoshi , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: December 2010

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Poly(pyrazolyl)borate and Related Boron‐Centered Scorpionate Ligands. Part B. Imidazole‐, Triazole‐ and Other Heterocycle‐based Systems
Authors: Pellei Maura , Lobbia Giancarlo Gioia , Papini Grazia , Santini Carlo
Published: December 2010

Review: 233 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron Nanostructures — From Materials to Cancer Therapy: An Account
Authors: Hosmane Narayan S. , Zhu Yinghuai , Maguire John A. , Hosmane Sumathy N. , Chakrabarti Amartya
Published: December 2010

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐, γ‐, δ‐, ..., ω‐Halogenated Ketones and Aldehydes
Authors: Roman Bart I. , De Kimpe Norbert , Stevens Christian V.
Published: December 2010

Review: 459 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deactivation of Cobalt‐Based Fischer—Tropsch Catalysts
Authors: Tsakoumis Nikolaos E. , Ronning Magnus , Borg Oyvind , Rytter Erling , Holmen Anders
Published: December 2010

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysts for the Synthesis of Oligosaccharides
Authors: Mahajan Ritu , Khare Naveen K.
Published: December 2010

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinone/Hydroquinone Sesquiterpenes
Authors: Marcos I. S. , Conde A. , Moro R. F. , Basabe P. , Diez D. , Urones J. G.
Published: December 2010

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Polymer‐Supported Organometallic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kann Nina
Published: December 2010

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer Reactions of Piperidine Aminoxyl Radicals
Authors: Zhang Fa , Liu You Cheng
Published: December 2010

Review: 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformative Syntheses of Fluorinated Heterocyclics Using a Difluorohomopropargylic Template
Authors: Arimitsu Satoru , Hammond Gerald B.
Published: December 2010

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Electrochemistry and Applications of Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Thiols
Authors: Buck Manfred
Published: December 2010

Review: 272 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Excursions in Polynuclear Platinum DNA Binding
Authors: Mangrum John B. , Farrell Nicholas P.
Published: December 2010

Review: strucutral changes induced in DNA by both covalent (bond‐forming) and non‐covalent (ligand recognition) adducts; 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Photoactivated Metallopharmaceuticals: From Active Molecules to Supported Drugs
Authors: Crespy Daniel , Landfester Katharina , Schubert Ulrich S. , Schiller Alexander
Published: December 2010

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trends for Diverse Production Strategies of Plant Medicinal Alkaloids
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Stoeckigt Joachim
Published: December 2010

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bonding in Biologically‐Relevant High‐Valent Iron Centers
Authors: Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Radu
Published: December 2010

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineered DNA Polymerases in Biotechnology
Authors: Kranaster Ramon , Marx Andreas
Published: December 2010

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porphyrin‐Based Nanostructures for Sensing Applications
Authors: Monti Donato , Nardis Sara , Stefanelli Manuela , Paolesse Roberto , Di Natale Corrado , D'Amico Arnaldo
Published: December 2010

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering Cellulolytic Ability into Bioprocessing Organisms
Authors: Grange Daniel C. , Haan Riaan , Zyl Willem H.
Published: December 2010

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Landfill Leachate Treatments
Authors: Abbas Abdulhussain A. , Guo Jingsong , Liu Zhi Ping , Pan Ying Ya , Al‐Rekabi Wisaam S.
Published: December 2010

Review: 80 refs.
A colorimetric chiral sensor based on chiral crown ether for the recognition of the two enantiomers of primary amino alcohols and amines
Authors: Cho Eun Na Rae , Li Yinan , Kim Hee Jin , Hyun Myung Ho
Published: December 2010

A new colorimetric chiral sensor material consisting of three different functional sites such as chromophore (2,4‐dinitrophenylazophenol dye), binding site (crown ether), and chiral barrier (3,3′‐diphenyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl group) was prepared and applied to the recognition of the two enantiomers of primary amino alcohols and amines. Among five primary amino alcohols and two primary amines tested, the two enantiomers of phenylalaninol show the highest difference in the absorption maximum wavelength (Δλmax = 43.5 nm) and in the association constants (KS/KR = 2.51) upon complexation with the colorimetric chiral sensor material and, consequently, the two enantiomers of phenylalaninol were clearly distinguished from each other by the color difference. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Chickpea Grown in Fly Ash Treated Soil: Effect on Antioxidants
Authors: Pandey Vimal Chandra , Singh Jay Shankar , Kumar Akhilesh , Tewari D. D.
Published: December 2010

Chickpea grown in fly ash (FA) treated soil (25, 50, and 100% FA) was used to evaluate the effect of FA on antioxidants, metal concentration (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a (chl‐a), chlorophyll b (chl‐b), total chlorophyll (total chl), and carotenoids), growth and yield performance. All antioxidants in roots, shoots and leaves of chickpea increase with increasing FA doses to combat FA stress. The activities of antioxidants were more in the root tissues to cope with stress induced in the plants as compared to shoot and leaf. Concentration of metals was found maximum in roots than the shoots and seeds. The highest concentration of Fe and lowest level of Cd were recorded in all treatments of FA for different parts of the plant. The treated crop showed reduced level of chlorophyll but enhanced level of carotenoids and protein. However, root length, number of nodules and biomass in 25 and 50% FA treatments did not differ significantly in comparison to respective control plants. These results suggest that heavy metals of FA causes oxidative stress in this crop and the antioxidant enzymes could help a pivotal role against oxidative injury.
Amendment of Copper Toxicity in Alluvial Soil Using Iron: Effect on Growth and Yield of Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Singh Dharam
Published: December 2010

Pot experiments were conducted in glasshouse under controlled conditions. The effect of copper in alluvial soil on the growth and yield of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) was worked out. Copper was applied in soil at 5–100 mg L−1, along with iron supplement. Inhibitory response of copper was significant (p < 0.05) confirmed by the plant growth parameters viz., plant height, fresh and dry weight, moisture content, pigment contents, protein, sugar contents followed by increased catalase and peroxidase activity in the harvest at 30, 60, and 90 days, of treatment, respectively. The plants grown on copper treated soil along with 5 mg L−1 Cu and iron application showed significant effects (p < 0.05) regarding the increase in plant biomass, plant height (shoot only), pigment contents, protein, sugar contents, grain yield followed by decreased catalase and peroxidase activity in wheat after 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment, respectively. The accumulation of metal in plant tissues was found in order of Fe > Cu coupled by less translocation in grain as compared to the whole plant.
Pretreatment of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater by Two Different Applications of Fenton Oxidation Processes
Authors: Özdemir Celalettin , Tezcan Hayrunnisa , Sahinkaya Serkan , Kalipci Erkan
Published: December 2010

The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol from olive oil mill wastewaters (OOMW) was investigated experimentally by using conventional Fenton (CFP) and Fenton type processes (FTP) with zero valent iron (ZVI). Different operational parameters such as initial pH, Fe2+, Fe0, and H2O2 concentrations were examined. Kinetic studies in terms of COD and phenol removals for both CFP and FTP were performed. The original pH value (4.6) of OOMW for CFP was found as the optimum pH. The determined optimum conditions are [Fe2+] = 1500 mg L−1, [H2O2] = 1750 mg L−1, and pH = 4.6 for CFP; [Fe0] = 2000 mg L−1, [H2O2] = 2000 mg L−1, and pH = 3 for FTP. 82.4% COD and 62% phenol removals were performed under the optimum conditions by CFP, while 82% COD and 63.4% phenol were removed by FTP. According to the results of kinetic studies, it was observed that COD and phenol were removed by FTP more rapidly, compared to CFP. Consequently, it was determined that both CFP and FTP were effective processes for the pretreatment of OOMW.
Borrelia burgdorferi infection regulates CD1 expression in human cells and tissues via IL1‐β
Authors: Yakimchuk Konstantin , Roura‐Mir Carme , Magalhaes Kelly G. , de Jong Annemieke , Kasmar Anne G. , Granter Scott R. , Budd Ralph , Steere Allen , Pena‐Cruz Victor , Kirschning Carsten , Cheng Tan‐Yun , Moody D. Branch
Published: December 2010

The appearance of group 1 CD1 proteins (CD1a, CD1b and CD1c) on maturing myeloid DC is a key event that converts myeloid DC to effective lipid APC. Here, we show that Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, triggers appearance of group 1 CD1 proteins at high density on the surface of human myeloid DC during infection. Within human skin, CD1b and CD1c expression was low or absent prior to infection, but increased significantly after experimental infections and in erythema migrans lesions from Lyme disease patients. The induction of CD1 was initiated by borrelial lipids acting through TLR‐2 within minutes, but required 3 days for maximum effect. The delay in CD1 protein appearance involved a multi‐step process whereby TLR‐2 stimulated cells release soluble factors, which are sufficient to transfer the CD1‐inducing effect in trans to other cells. Analysis of these soluble factors identified IL‐1β as a previously unknown pathway leading to group 1 CD1 protein function. This study establishes that upregulation of group 1 CD1 proteins is an early event in B. burgdorferi infection and suggests a stepwise mechanism whereby bacterial cell walls, TLR activation and cytokine release cause DC precursors to express group 1 CD1 proteins.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Epoxidation of Olefins Over Hydrothermally Synthesized Lanthanide Containing Framework Compounds
Authors: Sen Rupam , Koner Subratanath , Hazra Dipak K. , Helliwell Madeleine , Mukherjee Monika
Published: December 2010

A series of novel complexes [Ln2(N3)(nic)2(OH)3(Hnic)(H2O)]n (Ln = YIII 1 and GdIII 2; Hnic = nicotinic acid) and [Sm4(N3)2(nic)4(OH)6(Hnic)2(H2O)2]n (3) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 have similar structures and consist of [Ln2(N3)(nic)2(OH)3(Hnic)(H2O)] units that are linked to neighboring units through end‐on azido, μ2 and μ3 hydroxo, and bridging carboxylato groups to form 1D infinite chains. In all the complexes the 1D chains propagate parallel to crystallographic a‐axis to give rise to a ribbon‐like chain structure. All the compounds exhibit excellent catalytic performance in olefin epoxidation reactions, which is reflected in high turnover numbers. Good expoxide selectivity was obtained in the cases of cyclooctene and 1‐hexene. The possibility of easy recycling makes these catalysts highly promising candidates for addressing industrial needs and environmental concerns.
Reactivity of Dinuclear Copper(I)/pybox Complexes towards Isocyanides and Phosphanes
Authors: Panera María , Díez Josefina , Merino Isabel , Rubio Eduardo , Gamasa M. Pilar
Published: December 2010

The dinuclear complexes [Cu2(R‐pybox)2][PF6]2 {R‐pybox = 2,6‐bis[4′‐(S)‐isopropyloxazolin‐2′‐yl]pyridine for (S,S)‐iPr‐pybox (1) and 2,6‐bis[4′‐(R)‐phenyloxazolin‐2′‐yl]pyridine for (R,R)‐Ph‐pybox (2)} are very efficient precursors for the synthesis of dinuclear and mononuclear derivatives containing isocyanide or phosphane ligands. The reaction of 1 and 2 with the isocyanides (CNBn or CNCy) resulted in the synthesis of the dinuclear derivatives [Cu2(R‐pybox)2(CNBn)2][PF6]2 [R‐pybox = (S,S)‐iPr‐pybox (3), (R,R)‐Ph‐pybox (4)] and [Cu2(R‐pybox)2(CNCy)2][PF6]2 [R‐pybox = (S,S)‐iPr‐pybox (5), (R,R)‐Ph‐pybox (6)]. When the reaction was carried out with the monodentate (PMePh2, PPh3) and the bidentate phosphanes [dppm, dppf, (S)‐peap] the mononuclear complexes [Cu(R‐pybox)(PRPh2)2][PF6] [R‐pybox = (S,S)‐iPr‐pybox, R = Me(7), Ph (8); R‐pybox = (R,R)‐Ph‐pybox, R = Ph (9)], [Cu(R‐pybox){(S)‐peap}][PF6] [R‐pybox = (S,S)‐iPr‐pybox (11), (R,R)‐Ph‐pybox (12)], and [Cu(R‐pybox)(dppf)][PF6] [R‐pybox = (S,S)‐iPr‐pybox (13), (R,R)‐Ph‐pybox (14)] and the dinuclear complex [Cu2{(S,S)‐iPr‐pybox}(μ‐dppm)2][PF6]2 (10) were obtained, respectively. The structures of complexes 3, 7, 10, and 13 have been resolved by X‐ray diffraction methods and by 1D, 2D, and DOSY NMR spectroscopy measurements. The 1H, 31P, and 19F DOSY NMR spectroscopic experiments provided evidence that the solid‐state nuclearity of compounds 3, 7, 10, and 13 is maintained in solution and confirmed that these ionic compounds exist in solution as stable, discrete, cationic complexes.
A Direct, Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Substituted Benzimidazoles and Imidazopyridines
Authors: Alonso Jorge , Halland Nis , Nazaré Marc , R'kyek Omar , Urmann Matthias , Lindenschmidt Andreas
Published: December 2010

Unsymmetric, N‐substituted benzimidazoles and imidazopyridines can be prepared directly from 2‐halonitroarenes and amides through Pd(TFA)2/(R)‐BINAP‐catalyzed cross‐coupling and subsequent reductive aminocyclization. This sequence can be conducted by a one‐pot procedure. The method is versatile and allows the straightforward, regioselective preparation of these important nitrogen heterocycles.
Power system performance quality indices
Authors: Alshammari B. M. , El‐Kady M. A. , Al‐Turki Y. A.
Published: December 2010

The paper summarizes the results of a recent industry supported research and development study in which a novel framework for evaluating meaningful power system reliability and quality indices was developed and applied. The system‐wide integrated performance indices are capable of addressing and revealing areas of deficiencies and bottle‐necks as well as redundancies in the composite generation–transmission–demand structure of large‐scale power grids. The novel technique utilizes a basic linear programming formulation, which offers a general and comprehensive framework to assess the harmony and compatibility of generation, transmission, and demand in a power system. Practical application to a portion of the Saudi power grid is also presented in the paper for demonstration purposes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel Multi‐objective Fuzzy Adaptive Chaotic PSO algorithm for Optimal Operation Management of distribution network with regard to fuel cell power plants
Authors: Niknam Taher , Zeinoddini Meymand Hamed , Doagou Mojarrad Hasan
Published: December 2010

A new Multi‐objective Fuzzy Adaptive Chaotic particle swarm optimization (MFACPSO) evolutionary algorithm for the Multi‐objective daily Optimal Operation Management (MOOM) problem with regard to fuel cell power plants (FCPPs) in distribution system is presented in this paper. The purposes of the MOOM problem are to minimize the total electrical energy losses, the total electrical energy cost, and the total pollutant emission produced by sources. Conventional algorithms for solving the multi‐objective optimization problems convert the multiple objectives into a single objective using a vector of the user‐predefined weights. This conversion has several defects. For instance, the final solution of the algorithms greatly depends on the values of the weights and it also loses some information in the conversion and this strategy is not expected to provide a robust solution. The proposed algorithm maintains a finite‐sized repository of non‐dominated solutions which gets iteratively updated in the presence of new solutions. Since the objective functions are non‐commensurable, a fuzzy clustering technique is used to control the size of the repository within the limits. The proposed algorithm is tested on two distribution test feeders and the results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach to generate a set of well‐distributed Pareto‐optimal non‐dominated solutions of the MOOM problem. The comparison with the different reported techniques demonstrates the superiority of the proposed MFACPSO in terms of the diversity of the Pareto‐optimal solutions obtained. In addition, the results confirm the potential of the proposed technique to solve the MOOM problem and produce high‐quality non‐dominated solutions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five‐year follow‐up of oral functioning and quality of life in patients with oral cancer with implant‐retained mandibular overdentures
Authors: Korfage Anke , Schoen Pieter J. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Bouma Jelte , Burlage Fred R. , Roodenburg Jan L.N. , Vissink Arjan , Reintsema Harry
Published: December 2010

Background

The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and oral functioning of patients with oral cancer up to 5 years after prosthodontic rehabilitation with mandibular implant‐retained overdentures.

Methods

Fifty patients who had received implants during ablative surgery were evaluated by standardized questionnaires before and after oncological and prosthetic treatment.

Results

In 20 of 24 surviving patients, the dentures were functional after 5 years. In these survivors, oral function remained unchanged during this period. In the 6 patients with concurrent comorbidity, global health and QOL had deteriorated, while in the patients without comorbidity, global health and QOL were very high. Five‐year survivors had a higher global health and better oral functioning at the 1‐year evaluation than nonsurvivors.

Conclusion

Oral function and denture satisfaction were high and did not change over time for survivors. Deterioration in overall global health and QOL was associated with concurrent comorbidity. Head Neck, 2011
Lymph node metastasis in nasal vestibule cancer: A review
Authors: Talmi Yoav P. , Ferlito Alfio , Takes Robert P. , Strojan Primož , Langendijk Johannes A. , Shaha Ashok R. , Rinaldo Alessandra
Published: December 2010

Background

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule (SCCNV) is an uncommon malignancy. Our purpose is to define the incidence of simultaneous and delayed regional metastasis in SCCNV according to the available literature.

Methods

Articles discussing SCCNV and addressing the issue of regional lymph node metastases were reviewed.

Conclusion

SCCNV is an uncommon form of cancer, possibly originating in the mucocutaneous junction. The incidence of lymph node metastasis is variably reported. The data in the literature do not provide a solid basis for recommendations on elective treatment of the neck. Thorough examination of the neck is recommended, preferably with modern imaging techniques. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
THE IMPACT OF AID ON BUREAUCRATIC QUALITY: DOES THE MODE OF DELIVERY MATTER?
Authors: Selaya Pablo , Thiele Rainer
Published: December 2010

We show that the impact of foreign aid on bureaucratic quality in recipient countries varies with the mode of delivery. Specifically, grants are found to impair the functioning of the bureaucracy, whereas loans are not. The negative impact of grants is larger when they are given as budget support rather than as assistance for specific projects or for programmes in general. Our results thus suggest that the probability of adverse effects rises with the degree of discretion recipients have over the incoming resources, which is in conflict with donors' recent emphasis on strengthening local ownership by limiting the conditions attached to foreign aid. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rudimentary pedal grasping in mice and implications for terminal branch arboreal quadrupedalism
Authors: Byron Craig , Kunz Hawley , Matuszek Heather , Lewis Stephanie , Van Valkinburgh Daniel
Published: December 2010

We use an outbred laboratory mouse strain (ICR/CD‐1, Charles River Laboratories, Inc.) to model a type of preprimate locomotion associated with rudimentary pedal grasping. Ten male mice were assigned to either control or climbing groups (n = 5 per group). Climbing mice lived within a specialized terrarium that included ∼7.5 m of thin branches (5 and 10 cm long) with a thickness of 3.3mm, arranged in a reticulated canopy. Food, water, and a nest site were placed among the branches. To discourage mice from palmigrade or digitigrade locomotion, the floor of the terrarium was flooded with a few centimeters of water. Climbing mice were placed in this setting upon weaning and reared for 3 months until they were mature in size. Litter, and age‐matched controls were also maintained for comparison with climbers. Climbing mice quickly acclimated to the requirements of the fine‐branch model using the foot and tail for grasping and balance. At maturity, climbing and control mice exhibited minor, but significant, morphological plasticity. For climbers, this includes a greater angle of the femoral neck, larger patellar groove index, relatively shorter talar neck length, and more circular talar head aspect ratio (P < 0.10). Climbers also exhibit increased curvature of the distal third metacarpal, decreased talar head angle, and relatively longer caudal vertebrae transverse processes (P < 0.05). These results in a small‐bodied eutherian mammal suggest that facultative hallucial opposability and coordinated tail use enable a kind of grasping active arboreal quadrupedality relevant to the latest stages of pre‐euarchontan evolution. In light of these data, we hypothesize that a unique advantage of mouse‐sized mammals is that they exhibit a highly flexible body plan allowing them to engage in a diverse array of anatomical positions without requiring specific limb morphologies. J. Morphol.,2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A spectral analysis of rainfall in Edo and Delta States (formerly Mid‐Western Region), Nigeria
Authors: Adejuwon Joseph O.
Published: December 2010

Power spectral analysis of annual rainfall has been performed for Edo and Delta States (formerly Mid‐Western Region) in Nigeria using data for 1931–1997 in order to identify any regular periodicities which may be present. The Hanning filter was employed for the purpose of smoothing the power spectral. Irregular short‐term periodicities were evident with significant cycles of between 3 and 6 years. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The sensitivity of climate response to the wintertime Niño3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies of 1855–2002
Authors: Bulić Ivana Herceg
Published: December 2010

The sensitivity of winter atmosphere to ENSO forcing is analysed from an ensemble of integrations forced with observed monthly sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) for the period 1854–2002 with particular interest on the North Atlantic European (NAE) region. A categorisation into warm and cold events, according to the strength of Niño3.4 index, is performed providing main features of simulated atmospheric response to ENSO forcing. A symmetry in a spatial pattern of the atmospheric response to warm and cold phase is found, but with stronger amplitude for warm events. An additional experiment with SST forcing restricted to the tropical Pacific confirmed that atmospheric variability over the Northern Hemisphere is considerably affected by ENSO, even over the distant NAE region.

Signals calculated over the Niño3.4, Pacific‐North American (PNA) and NAE regions are analysed as functions of the amplitude of the winter (JFM) SST anomalies in the Niño3.4 region. Both the precipitation and large‐scale circulation signals over the Niño3.4 and PNA regions gradually increase with the intensity of SST forcing. However, an asymmetry in amplitude of atmospheric response respecting the polarity of the tropical SST anomalies is found. The tropical and PNA signals associated with warm ENSO events are found to be stronger than the signals related to the cold events. A saturation effect is noticed for the cold events. No such evident characteristics are obtained for the NAE region, but the results imply discernible ENSO impact on atmospheric signals over that region.

Using a correlation coefficient approach, it is shown that the JFM Niño3.4 SST anomaly affects not only the atmospheric response in the simultaneous season, but also during the next few seasons. Significant correlations between the strength of ENSO and the signals are found for the Niño3.4 and PNA regions. Although with smaller absolute values, statistically significant correlations are also found for the NAE region. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society