bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of peak quantum efficiency and efficiency droop in III-nitride visible light-emitting diodes with an InAlN electron-blocking layer
Authors: Choi Suk , Kim Hee Jin , Kim Seong-Soo , Liu Jianping , Kim Jeomoh , Ryou Jae-Hyun , Dupuis Russell D. , Fischer Alec M. , Ponce Fernando A.
Published: June 2010

InAlN electron-blocking layers (EBLs) are shown to improve the emission intensity and to mitigate the efficiency droop problem in III-nitride-based visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Using an In0.18Al0.82N EBL in blue LEDs, we have achieved a significant improvement in the electroluminescence emission intensity and a mitigated efficiency droop compared to similar LEDs without an EBL or with an Al0.2Ga0.8N EBL. This indicates that an In0.18Al0.82N EBL is more effective in electron confinement and reduces the efficiency droop possibly caused by carrier spill-over than conventional AlGaN EBLs.
Self-confined GaN heterophased quantum wells
Authors: Lo Ikai , Hsu Yu-Chi , Hsieh Chia-Ho , Pang Wen-Yuan , Chou Mitch M. C. , Chen Yen-Liang , Shih Cheng-Hung , Wang Ying-Chieh
Published: June 2010

Wurtzite/zinc-blende/wurtzite GaN heterophased quantum wells (QWs) were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. A self-assembling mechanism was used to simulate the heterophased QW, in which a wurtzite/zinc-blende phase transition was created by rotating the threefold symmetric N-Ga vertical bond 60°. The GaN heterophased QW was attested by transmission electron microscopy, selective area electron diffraction and cathodoluminescence measurements.
Electric field effect on magnetization at the Fe/MgO(001) interface
Authors: Niranjan Manish K. , Duan Chun-Gang , Jaswal Sitaram S. , Tsymbal Evgeny Y.
Published: June 2010

Density-functional calculations are performed to explore magnetoelectric effects originating from the influence of an external electric field on magnetic properties of the Fe/MgO(001) interface. It is shown that the effect on the interface magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy can be substantially enhanced if the electric field is applied across a dielectric material with a large dielectric constant. In particular, we predict an enhancement of the interface magnetoelectric susceptibility by a factor of the dielectric constant of MgO over that of the free standing Fe (001) surface. We also predict a significant effect of electric field on the interface magnetocrystalline anisotropy due to the change in the relative occupancy of the 3d-orbitals of Fe atoms at the Fe/MgO interface. These results may be interesting for technological applications such as electrically controlled magnetic data storage.
A three-dimensional model of electrical percolation thresholds in carbon nanotube-based composites
Authors: Lu Weibang , Chou Tsu-Wei , Thostenson Erik T.
Published: June 2010

A three-dimensional modeling approach is developed to simulate the electrical percolation thresholds in carbon nanotube-based composites, wherein the effects of intertube Van der Waals interactions and electrical tunneling are taken into consideration. Numerical studies using the Monte Carlo method show that these two factors play significant roles when the aspect ratio of the constituent carbon nanotubes is low. For high aspect ratios, the effects of these two factors are negligible. The influence of carbon nanotube waviness on electrical percolation thresholds has also been studied.
Ferroelectric transition of Aurivillius compounds Bi5Ti3FeO15 and Bi6Ti3Fe2O18
Authors: Li J.-B. , Huang Y. P. , Rao G. H. , Liu G. Y. , Luo J. , Chen J. R. , Liang J. K.
Published: June 2010

Single-phase Bi5Ti3FeO15 and Bi6Ti3Fe2O18 ceramics have been synthesized by solid state reaction. The ferroelectric transition of the compounds was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, high-temperature x-ray diffraction, and temperature-dependent dielectric measurements. Two solid-state structural transitions were observed in both compounds, one is the orthorhombic↔tetragonal transition (ferroelectric transition) at 1021 K for Bi5Ti3FeO15 and 973 K for Bi6Ti3Fe2O18, and the other is accompanied by an abrupt lattice expansion of the tetragonal phase at about 1110 K for Bi5Ti3FeO15 and about 1090 K for Bi6Ti3Fe2O18.
JANAF thermochemical tables, 1975 supplement
Authors: Chase M. W. , Curnutt J. L. , Prophet H. , McDonald R. A. , Syverud A. N.
Published: June 2010

The thermodynamic tabulations previously published in NSRDS-NBS-37 and the 1974 supplement (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 3, 311 [1974]) are extended by 158 new and revised tables. The JANAF Thermochemical Tables cover the thermodynamic properties over a wide temperature range with single phase tables for the crystal, liquid, and ideal gas state. The properties given are heat capacity, entropy, Gibbs energy function, enthalpy, enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, and the logarithm of the equilibrium constant for formation of each compound from the elements in their standard reference states. Each tabulation lists all pertinent input data and contains a critical evaluation of the literature upon which these values are based. Literature references are given.
Atomic transition probabilities for scandium and titanium (A critical data compilation of allowed lines)
Authors: Wiese W. L. , Fuhr J. R.
Published: June 2010

Atomic transition probabilities for about 1500 allowed spectral lines of the elements scandium and titanium through all stages of ionization have been critically evaluated and compiled. All available literature sources have been utilized. The data are presented in separable tables for each element and stage of ionization and are arranged according to multiplets and, when appropriate, also to transition arrays and increasing quantum numbers. For each line the transition probability for spontaneous emission, the absorption oscillator strength, and the line strength are given along with the spectroscopic designation, the wavelength, the statistical weights, and the energy levels (when available) of the upper and lower atomic states. In addition the estimated accuracy and the literature reference is indicated. In short introduction, which precede the tables for each spectrum, the main justifications for the choice of the adopted data and for the accuracy rating are discussed. A general introduction contains some more details on our evaluation procedure.
Energy levels of iron, Fe I through Fe XXVI
Authors: Reader Joseph , Sugar Jack
Published: June 2010

The energy levels of the iron atom in all of its stages of ionization, as derived from the analyses of atomic spectra, have been compiled. In cases where only line classifications are given in the literature, level values have been derived. The percentages for the two leading components of the calculated eigenvectors of the levels are given where available. Ionization energies are also given.
Experimental Stark widths and shifts for non-hydrogenic spectral lines of ionized atoms
Authors: Konjevic N. , Wiese W. L.
Published: June 2010

A critical review of all available data on the Stark widths and shifts for lines of non-hydrogenic ionized spectra has been carried out. The relevant literature compiled by the NBS Data Center on Atomic Line Shapes and Shifts was critically evaluated, and from this evaluation 54 papers were found to satisfy all requirements and thus selected for this review. The most important factors determining the quality of plasma sources, diagnostic techniques, and line profile and shift determinations are discussed in detail in the first part of this review. In the second part the data tables containing the selected experimental Stark broadening parameters are presented. The data are arranged according to spectra and elements, and these are presented in alphabetical order. The accuracy of the experimental data is estimated on the basis of guidelines developed during the review, and comparisons with theoretical results are made whenever possible.
Atlas of the absorption spectrum of nitric oxide (NO) between 1420 and 1250 Å
Authors: Miescher E. , Alberti F.
Published: June 2010

This atlas presents the absorption spectrum between 1420 and 1250 Å of cold (−180 °C) nitric oxide gas, both 14N16O and 15N16O, photographed in first order of a 10.5 m vacuum spectrograph. The spectral region comprises the Rydberg series (s−, p−, d−, and f−) of the molecule, including their limits of v=0, 1, and 2 of the ground state of the ion NO+. In addition it shows some valence bands. To each band are assigned quantum numbers. The assignment is based on the detailed study of the fine structure of the bands, measured on spectral plates obtained in high order of the same instrument. Accurate numerical results of these measurements are tabulated for 140 molecular levels. A short survey on the NO absorption spectrum is given.
Tables of critically evaluated oscillator strengths for the lithium isoelectronic sequence
Authors: Martin G. A. , Wiese W. L.
Published: June 2010

Oscillator strengths for the lithium isoelectronic sequence have been critically evaluated and complied by means of a new generalized analysis which makes use of several types of systematic trends and fundamental spectroscopic constraints. Relativistic effects have also been considered. The data are presented in separate tables for each ion of the sequence from Li i through Ni xxvi, and are arranged within each table according to spectral series. Separate tables are presented for the 2s–2p and 2s–3p transitions, with both relativistic and nonrelativistic f-values listed for all ions of the sequence through Ni xxvi, as well as for a few selected ions of higher nuclear charge. The general tables contain transitions of the types ms−np, mp−ns, and mp−nd, with 2?m?4 (m is the lower principal quantum number) and 3?n?7. Since most recommended data were determined from a nonrelativistic analysis, hydrogenic relativistic considerations were applied to estimate when the data would be significantly altered by the inclusion of relativistic effects, and such f-values were excluded from the tabulation.
Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest XI. Silicon Sulfide
Authors: Tiemann Eberhard
Published: June 2010

The available data on the microwave spectrum of silicon sulfide are critically reviewed for information applicable to radio astronomy. Molecular data such as rotational constants, electric dipole moment and hyperfine coupling constant are tabulated. Observed rotational transitions are presented for all measured isotopic forms of SiS. These data have been analyzed in order to predict rotational transition of the ground vibrational state up to 300 GHz. From the given rotational constants transition frequencies in excited vibrational states can be calculated with little loss in accuracy.

Error limits have been taken from the original literature for each measured frequency. The predicted transition frequencies are given with uncertainties which represent the 90 percent confidence limit.
Heat capacity and other thermodynamic properties of linear macromolecules. II. Polyethylene
Authors: Gaur Umesh , Wunderlich Bernhard
Published: June 2010

The heat capacity of polyethylene from 0 K to 600 K is reviewed using measurements on 46 samples reported in the literature. The crystallinity dependence is evaluated critically and a set of recommended data for completely crystalline and amorphous polyethylene is derived. Entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs energy functions are calculated. Polyethylene can serve as a standard material for the thermodynamic functions of a simple linear macromolecule. This paper is the second in a series which will ultimately cover all heat capacity measurements on linear macromolecules.
Tables of the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of aqueous KCl solutions in the temperature range 25–150 °C and the pressure range 0.1–35 MPa
Authors: Kestin Joseph , Khalifa H. Ezzat , Correia Robert J.
Published: June 2010

Tabulated values of the dynamic and kinematic viscosity of potassium chloride solutions are given. The tables cover the temperature range 25–150 °C, the pressure range 0.1–35 MPa and the concentration range 0–5 molal. It is estimated that the accuracy of the tabulated values is ±1%. The correlations from which the tables were generated are also given.
Evaluated activity and osmotic coefficients for aqueous solutions: thirty-six uni-bivalent electrolytes
Authors: Goldberg R. N.
Published: June 2010

A critical evaluation of the mean acivity and osmotic coefficients in aqueous solutions of thirty-five uni-bivalent electrolytes at 298.15 K is presented. The systems which have been treated are ammonium orthophosphate, guanadinium carbonate, 1,2-ethane disulfonic acid, m-benzene disulfonic acid, ammonium decahydroborate, and the unibivalent compounds of lithium, sodium, potasium, rubidium, and cesium. Osmotic coefficients were calculated from direct vapor pressure measurements, from isopiestic measurements and from freezing-point depression measurements. Activity coefficients were calculated from electromotive force measurements on galvanic cells without transference and from diffusion measurements. Given are empirical coefficients for three different correlating equations, obtained by a weighted least squares fit to the experimental data, and tables consisting of the activity coefficients of the compounds, the osmotic coefficients and activity of water, and the excess Gibbs energy of the solution as functions of the molality for each electrolyte system. The literature coverage is through the computerized version of Chemical Abstracts of September 1979.
Ideal Gas Thermodynamic Properties of CH3, CD3, CD4, C2D2, C2D4, C2D6, C2H6, CH3N2CH3, and CD3N2CD3
Authors: Pamidimukkala Krishna M. , Rogers David , Skinner Gordon B.
Published: June 2010

Ideal gas thermodynamic properties, C°p,S°,(G°−H°298)/T,H°t −H°298,ΔH°ℱ,ΔG°ℱ and log Kp of formation for CH3, CD3, CD4, C2D2, C2D4, C2D6, C2H6, CH3N2CH3 and CD3N2CD3 in the temperature range O–3000 K and at 1 atmosphere have calculated by statistical thermodynamic methods employing spectroscopic and other molecular constants. The rigid rotor-harmonic oscillator model has been used. Estimated uncertainties in the thermodynamic properties due to uncertainties in the molecular properties and estimates of the effects of vibrational anharmonicities are also reported for each compound at three temperatures.
Energy Levels of Iron, Fe I Through Fe XXVI
Authors: Corliss Charles , Sugar Jack
Published: June 2010

This is a revision of the compilation of energy levels of iron for all ionization stages made in 1975 by Reader and Sugar. New material has since been proived for all but two of these ions. The present compilation includes electron configurations, energy levels, term designations, calculated leading percentages for most ions, experimental g-values, and ionization energies.
Volumetric Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions
Authors: Rogers P. S. Z. , Pitzer Kenneth S.
Published: June 2010

Literature data for the volumetric properties of sodium chloride solutions to concentrations of 5.5 molal have been compiled and critically evaluated. A semi-empirical equation of the same type found to be effective in describing the thermal properties of NaCl solutions has been used to reproduce the volumetric data from O °C to 300 °C and 1 bar to 1000 bar. Tables of values are given for the specific volume, expansivity, and compressibility. Equations also are given for calculating the pressure dependence of the free energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity. These equations can be combined with a treatment of thermal properties to form a complete equation of state for sodium chloride solutions.
Molten Salts Data: Diffusion Coefficients in Single and Multi-Component Salt Systems
Authors: Janz G. J. , Bansal N. P.
Published: June 2010

The property of diffusion is one of the basic properties of fluid systems. In molten salts, more than 700 studies have been reported to August, 1980, with more than 15 diffusion measurement techniques. A critical examination of these studies with a review of the techniques is presented. The results for more than 140 salt systems are reported in this communication as a series of data tables, with numerical values, value judgements, and literature citations. Silicates, slags, and oxide melts are excluded.
JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 1982 Supplement
Authors: Chase M. W. , Curnutt J. L. , Downey J. R. , McDonald R. A. , Syverud A. N. , Valenzuela E. A.
Published: June 2010

The thermodynamic tabulations previously published in four collections are extended by 227 new and revised tables. The JANAF Thermochemical Tables cover the thermodynamic properties over a wide temperature range with single phase tables for the crystal, liquid, and ideal gas state. In addition some multiphase tables are given. The properties given are heat capacity, entropy, Gibbs energy function, enthalpy, enthalpy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation, and the logarithm of the equilibrium constant for formation of each compound from the elements in their standard reference states. Each tabulation lists all pertinent input data and contains a critical evaluation of the literature upon which these values are based. Literature references are given.
Behavior of the AB2-Type Compounds at High Pressures and High Temperatures
Authors: Merrill Leo
Published: June 2010

Data on the polymorphic phase transformations of known compounds and new synthetic compounds of the type AB2 have been compiled and evaluated. All available pressure studies have been included and referenced. Pressure-temperature phase diagrams showing first order solid-solid phase boundaries and/or melting curves showing the best fit to the experimental data are included. For some materials which can be produced only by chemical synthesis techniques at high pressures and high temperatures, reaction-product diagrams have been employed to estimate the region of thermodynamic stability. Crystallographic data of all the known phases of each material have been tabulated and evaluated. This review covers 168 compounds and 332 phases including the room temperature atmospheric pressure phase for each compound when it exists.
Molecular Form Factors and Photon Coherent Scattering Cross Sections of Water
Authors: Morin L. R. M.
Published: June 2010

Tabulations are presented of molecular form factors F(x), for values of x=sin(θ/2)/λ from 0 to 1.25 Å−1, for liquid water at eight temperatures between 4 °C and 200 °C and for the free water molecule. For liquid water, x=0 to 1.25 Å−1, the tabulated values are interpolated from experimental values of Narten and Levy (1971). For the free water molecule, x=0 to 1.25 Å−1, the tabulated values are interpolated from calculated values of Blum (1971). For x=1.25 to 109 Å−1, the independent atomic scattering hypothesis is assumed and the water molecular form factor F(x) is calculated from the hydrogen and oxygen atomic form factors given by Hubbell and Overbo (1979). Tables of coherent scattering cross sections, obtained by numerical integration of the Thomson formula, weighted by F2(x), are presented for liquid water at eight temperatures between 4 °C and 200 °C and for the free water molecule, for photon energies 5 keV to 1 MeV.
An Annotated Compilation and Appraisal of Electron Swarm Data in Electronegative Gases
Authors: Gallagher J. W. , Beaty E. C. , Dutton J. , Pitchford L. C.
Published: June 2010

Available data on the electron transport properties and electron swarm coefficients are discussed for the following electronegative gases: SF6, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C4F10, CCl2F2, O2, air, H2O, CO2, F2, NF3, Cl2, Br2, I2, N2O, NO, HCl, NH3. Graphical presentations comparing measured and calculated data are given for the electron drift velocity, the ratio of diffusion to mobility, the electron attachment and ionization coefficients, and the electron growth constant as functions of E/N, the reduced field strength, for each gas. Graphs of the detachment and excitation coefficients are presented where these data are available. Data originally reported in terms of rate coefficients as functions of mean electron energy are graphically presented in that form. Recommendations concerning reliability are made.
Heat Capacity and Other Thermodynamic Properties of Linear Macromolecules. VII. Other Carbon Backbone Polymers
Authors: Gaur Umesh , Wunderlich Brent B. , Wunderlich Bernhard
Published: June 2010

The heat capacity of poly-1-butene, poly-1-pentene, poly-1-hexene, polyisobutylene, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polybutadiene, cis-1, 4-poly(2-methylbutadiene), polycyclopentene, poly(vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), polytrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), polychlorotrifluoroethylene, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(α-methylstyrene), poly(o-methylstyrene), poly(o-chlorostyrene) and a series of poly(vinyl benzoate)s is reviewed on the basis of 62 measurements reported in the literature. A set of recommended data has been derived for each polymer. Entropy and enthalpy functions have been calculated for poly-1-hexene, polyisobutylene, cis-1, 4-poly(2-methylbutadiene), poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(α-methylstyrene). This paper is seventh in a series which will ultimately cover all heat capacity measurements on linear macromolecules.
Energy Levels of Silicon, Si I through Si XIV
Authors: Martin W. C. , Zalubas Romuald
Published: June 2010

Energy level data are given for the atom and all positive ions of silicon (Z=14). These data have been critically compiled, mainly from published material on measurements and analyses of the optical spectra. We have derived or recalculated the levels for a number of the ions. In addition to the level value in cm−1 and the parity, the J value and the configuration and term assignments are listed if known. Leading percentages from the calculated eigenvectors are tabulated or quoted wherever available. Ionization energies are given for all spectra. Key words: atomic energy levels; atomic ions; atomic spectra; electron configurations; ionization potentials; silicon.
Small-Angle Rayleigh Scattering of Photons at High Energies: Tabulations of Relativistic HFS Modified Atomic Form Factors
Authors: Schaupp D. , Schumacher M. , Smend F. , Rullhusen P. , Hubbell J. H.
Published: June 2010

Tabulations are presented of relativistic Hartree–Fock–Slater modified atomic form factors from x=0 to 100 Å−1 for all elements from Z=1 to Z=100. These modified form factors represent the atomic Rayleigh scattering amplitudes with good accuracy at energies well above the K-shell binding energies and small momentum transfers and therefore should be used instead of the normal relativistic atomic form factors in the MeV energy range.
Thermodynamic Properties of D2O in the Critical Region
Authors: Kamgar-Parsi B. , Sengers J. M. H. Levelt , Sengers J. V.
Published: June 2010

An analysis is presented of the thermodynamic properties of D2O in the critical region. It is shown that the data can be represented by the same revised and extended scaled fundamental equation formulated earlier for the thermodynamic properties of H2O in critical region. The equation is valid in the range 220–465 kg/m3 in density and 638–683 K in temperature. Tabulated values of the thermodynamic properties of D2O in the critical region are presented. A comparison with a comprehensive analytic fundamental equation, recently formulated by Hill and co-workers, is included in the paper.
Evaluated Theoretical Cross Section Data for Charge Exchange of Multiply Charged Ions with Atoms. II. Hydrogen Atom-Partially Stripped Ion Systems
Authors: Gallagher J. W. , Bransden B. H. , Janev R. K.
Published: June 2010

The existing theoretical cross section data for charge exchange of partially stripped ions on atomic hydrogen are evaluated in the energy range from ∼10 eV/u to ∼103 keV/u. The evaluation has been carried out by using both pure theoretical arguments and comparison with the most accurate experimental data. Ions with atomic numbers Z=3–8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 22, 26, 30, 36, 41, 42, 48, 54, 73, and 74, in charge states q between q=2 and q=(Z−1), have been examined. A brief discussion of the evaluation criteria is also given.
Atlas of the Schumann–Runge Absorption Bands of O2 in the Wavelength Region 175–205 nm
Authors: Yoshino K. , Freeman D. E. , Parkinson W. H.
Published: June 2010

After a critical summary of previous wavelength measurements and rotational line assignments of the Schumann–Runge absorption bands of O2, the results of the present study performed at high resolution with a 6.65 m vacuum spectrograph are given. These include (a) an atlas of the Schumann–Runge absorption bands of O2 at 300 K showing detailed rotational line assignments in the wavelength region 175–205 nm containing the bands (v′,0) with v′=0–21 and (v′,1) with v′=2–16; (b) tables of wave numbers measured for rotationally assigned principal branch lines belonging to the bands (v′,0) with v′=0–17 and (v′,1) with v′=2–17; (c) a table of measured wave numbers of lines in the region near the dissociation limit where many unassigned lines exist; (d) a table of wave numbers calculated for satellite and forbidden lines belonging to the bands (9,0)–(17,0) together with the few values obtained from our measurements; and (e) a table of term values for the upper state B 3Σ−u vibration–rotation levels with v′=9–17 calculated from measurements of the principal branch lines of the (9,0)–(17,0) bands and the known ground state term values.
Equilibrium and Transport Properties of the Noble Gases and Their Mixtures at Low Density
Authors: Kestin J. , Knierim K. , Mason E. A. , Najafi B. , Ro S. T. , Waldman M.
Published: June 2010

The report contains a set of easy-to-program expressions for the calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of the five noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and of the 26 binary and multicomponent mixtures that can be formed with them. The properties in question are second virial coefficient B, viscosity η, thermal conductivity λ, self-diffusion and binary diffusion coefficient D, and thermal diffusion factor αT. The calculation of properties is restricted to low densities ( ρ≪B/C) but covers the full range of compositions and a temperature interval extending from absolute zero to the onset of ionization. Owing to the careful theoretical basis on which the algorithm has been erected, all properties are thermodynamically consistent with each other. Reference to a selected set of critically evaluated measurements provides a basis for the estimation of uncertainties. The report contains 54 abbreviated tables of numerical data and 86 deviation plots. It is asserted that the results are comparable to the best measurements that could be performed at present.
Representative Equations for the Viscosity of Water Substance
Authors: Sengers J. V. , Kamgar-Parsi B.
Published: June 2010

The International Association for the Properties of Steam adopted in 1982 a new formulation for the thermodynamic properties of water substance for scientific and general use. In this paper, we present an assessment of currently available methods for calculating the viscosity of water substance when used in conjunction with the new formulation for the equilibrium properties.
Rate Data for Inelastic Collision Processes in the Diatomic Halogen Molecules
Authors: Steinfeld J. I.
Published: June 2010

A detailed compilation of rate data for inelastic collision processes involving the homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic halogen molecules is presented. The literature has been surveyed through April 1983. Processes that are considered include exchange of energy between electronic, vibrational, rotational and translational degrees of freedom, electronic quenching, dephasing, depolarization, pressure broadening, and spontaneous radiation. Collision partners include rare-gas atoms, halogen and other diatomic molecules, and polyatomic species; a few measurements in liquids and cryogenic matrices are also included. Each data entry includes collision partner, temperature, method of measurement, and an error estimate where available. While a large mass of data is available for these systems, there still exist sizable gaps in our knowledge concerning these processes, particularly for the interhalogen species.
Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the Elements
Authors: De Biévre Paul , Gallet Marc , Holden Norman E. , Barnes I. Lynus
Published: June 2010

A large number of measurements describing the isotopic composition of the elements using a variety of analytical methods have been reported since the discovery of the first isotope in 1912. During the past several decades, however, mass spectrometric methods have been used, almost exclusively, to determine the isotopic composition, and thus the atomic weights, of the elements. This evaluated compilation reports the literature references for all complete mass spectrometric measurements published during the period 1920 through 1983. Also given are the isotopic compositions, the isotope ratios, the atomic weights calculated from the data, the appropriate nuclidic masses and an evaluation of the errors of the measurements. For each polynuclidic element, a best measurement has been selected.
Electrical Resistivity of Selected Elements
Authors: Desai P. D. , Chu T. K. , James H. M. , Ho C. Y.
Published: June 2010

This work compiles, reviews, and discusses the available data and information on the electrical resistivity of hafnium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and zinc and presents the recommended values resulting from critical evaluation, correlation, analysis, and synthesis of the available data and information. The recommended values presented are both uncorrected and also corrected for the thermal expansion of the material and cover the temperature range from 1 K to above the melting point into the molten state. The estimated uncertainties in most of the recommended values are about ±2% to ±10%.
Electrical Resistivity of Vanadium and Zirconium
Authors: Desai P. D. , James H. M. , Ho C. Y.
Published: June 2010

This work compiles, reviews, and discusses the available data and information on the electrical resistivity of vanadium and zirconium and presents the recommended values resulting from critical evaluation, correlation, analysis, and synthesis of the available data and information. The recommended values presented are uncorrected and also corrected for the thermal expansion of the material and cover the temperature range from 1 K to above the melting point into the molten state. The estimated uncertainties in most of the recommended values are about ±2% to ±5%.
Standard Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of Alkane Isomer Groups
Authors: Alberty Robert A. , Gehrig Catherine A.
Published: June 2010

The chemical thermodynamic properties of alkane isomer groups from C4H10 to C10H22 have been calculated from 200 to 1500 K from Scott’s tables of 1974. The numbers of stereoisomers in each isomer group have been checked and all of them have been included in the calculations. The following properties for alkane isomer groups have been calculated with energy in joules for a standard state pressure of 1 bar: standard heat capacity at constant pressure, standard entropy, standard enthalpy of formation, standard Gibbs energy of formation, standard enthalpy relative to isomer group at 298.15 K, and standard enthalpy relative to the elements at 298.15 K. Equilibrium mole fractions within isomer groups have been calculated for the ideal gas state from 200 to 1500 K. The four basic properties are given for all the individual isomers in joules for a standard state pressure of 1 bar. The properties of individual alkanes from C4H10 to C10H22 have also been calculated using the Benson group method and the resulting isomer group properties and equilibrium mole fractions have been calculated.
Evaluated Theoretical Cross-Section Data for Charge Exchange of Multiply Charged Ions with Atoms. III. Nonhydrogenic Target Atoms
Authors: Janev R. K. , Gallagher J. W.
Published: June 2010

The theoretical cross-section data for single-electron capture in collisions of multiply charged ions with nonhydrogenic atoms are compiled and their accuracy is assessed. The energy per unit mass range considered is from ∼1 eV/u to several MeV/u, u being the unified atomic mass unit. Accuracy is assessed using both pure theoretical arguments and comparison with experimental data, where available. A similar assessment is performed for the two-electron capture cross-section data in ion–atom collisions, as well as for single- and double-charge exchange in ion–ion collisions.
Heat Capacity of Reference Materials: Cu and W
Authors: White G. K. , Collocott S. J.
Published: June 2010

The CODATA Task Group on Thermophysical Properties is preparing a set of recommended values for the heat capacity, thermal expansion, and transport properties of key solids which are used in calibrating or checking measuring equipment. The present paper surveys selected data on heat capacity at constant pressure Cp of copper from 1 to 1300 K and tungsten from 1 to 3400 K. Selected values are tabulated for Cp and also for heat capacity at constant volume Cv. Interpolating functions are given for Cp.
The Viscosity of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Their Binary Mixtures in the Limit of Zero Density
Authors: Cole Wendy A. , Wakeham William A.
Published: June 2010

The paper presents a concise and accurate representation of the viscosity of nitrogen, oxygen, and their binary mixtures at the limit of zero density and in the temperature range 110–2100 K, which can be programed easily on a computer. The correlation is founded upon the semiclassical kinetic theory of polyatomic gases and a body of critically evaluated experimental data. Use is also made of the principle of corresponding states to extend the correlation outside of the temperature range for which direct experimental results exist. The optimum correlation has an associated uncertainty of ±0.3% around room temperature, but it rises to a maximum of ±2% at either extreme of the temperature range. A secondary representation of the viscosity of the same gases, providing some saving in computational effort and a further extension of the temperature range at the expense of a small loss of accuracy, is also presented. The relationship of this second representation to similar correlations for other gases makes it attractive for some purposes.
The Thermal Conductivity of Fluid Air
Authors: Stephan K. , Laesecke A.
Published: June 2010

Based on available experimental data, the thermal conductivity of fluid air has been critically evaluated. A new set of recommended values is presented covering a pressure range from 1 to 1000 bar and a temperature range from 70 to 1000 K. Using the concept of residual thermal conductivity the recommended values are described by a 13-parameter equation of state in terms of temperature and density which may be applied up to a density of 900 kg/m3. From comparisons of all data sources, the uncertainty of the recommended values was estimated to be below ±4%. Additional experiments are needed, especially in the subcritical region of liquid air.
The Mark–Houwink–Sakurada Equation for the Viscosity of Linear Polyethylene
Authors: Wagner Herman L.
Published: June 2010

In this review, the parameters K and α found in the literature for the Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation relating viscosity to molecular weight have been critically evaluated for linear polyethylene, and values have been recommended for six commonly used solvents. These are decalin, 1,2,4-tricholorobenzene, 1-chloronaphthalene, tetralin, o-dichlorobenzene, and p-xylene. In addition, the literature values of K for several different theta solvents are presented.
Thermochemical Data on Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Association and Clustering Reactions
Authors: Keesee R. G. , Castleman A. W.
Published: June 2010

A comprehensive tabulation of the standard enthalpy change, ΔH°, entropy change, ΔS°, and free energy change, ΔG°, for the formation of ion clusters from ion-molecule association reactions is given. The experimental methods which are used to derive the data are briefly discussed. For some experiments, dissociation energies of ion clusters are reported and listed under the category of ΔH°. The relationship between ΔH° and dissociation energy is discussed in the text.
Improved International Formulations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Water Substance
Authors: Sengers J. V. , Watson J. T. R.
Published: June 2010

This paper describes improved international formulations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of water substance recently adopted by the International Association for the Properties of Steam.
The Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Normal Hydrogen in the Limit of Zero Density
Authors: Assael M. J. , Mixafendi S. , Wakeham W. A.
Published: June 2010

This paper contains a new representation of the viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of normal hydrogen in the limit of zero density as a function of temperature. The correlation is based upon the semiclassical kinetic theory of polyatomic gases and a body of critically evaluated experimental data. In the temperature range 200–400 K the accuracy of the representation of the viscosity is estimated to be ±0.5%. However, at the lowest temperature of 20 K and the highest temperature of 2200 K, the uncertainty rises to ±2.0%. The available thermal conductivity data of high accuracy cover the much more restricted temperature range from 100 to 400 K and the correlation of this property is limited to that range. Above room temperature, the uncertainty in the correlated values is no more than ±0.5%, but below room temperature it rises to one of ±1.5%. An attempt has also been made to represent the viscosity data by means of a correlation universal among several other polyatomic gases but it has proven unsatisfactory. An extension of the temperature range of the thermal conductivity correlation based upon the Wang Chang and Uhlenbeck kinetic theory also fails to produce acceptable results.
The Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Coefficients of Gaseous and Liquid Argon
Authors: Younglove B. A. , Hanley H. J. M.
Published: June 2010

Data for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of gaseous and liquid argon have been evaluated and represented by empirical functions. Tables for the viscosity from 86 to 500 K for pressures to 400 MPa, and for the thermal conductivity from 90 to 500 K for pressures to 200 MPa are presented. For the viscosity, uncertainties of 2% or better for pressures below 100 MPa, and 3% for higher pressures are assigned. For the thermal conductivity the uncertainties are 4% for temperatures below 150 K and 3% or better for temperatures above. The enhancement in the conductivity close to the critical point has been accounted for. The status of the argon transport data and the philosophy of fitting them are reviewed.
Thermodynamic Properties of Key Organic Oxygen Compounds in the Carbon Range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal Gas Properties
Authors: Chao Jing , Hall Kenneth R. , Marsh Kenneth N. , Wilhoit Randolph C.
Published: June 2010

The ideal gas thermodynamic properties of forty-four key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4 have been calculated by a statistical mechanical technique. The properties determined are the heat capacity (C○p), entropy {S○(T)−S○(0)}, enthalpy {H○(T)−H○(0)}, and Gibbs energy function {G○(T)−H○(0)}/T. The calculations have been performed, in most cases, over the temperature range 0 to 1500 K and at 1 bar. The contributions to the thermodynamic properties of compounds having internal- or pseudo- rotations have been computed by employing a partition function formed by the summation of the internal rotational or pseudorotational energy level for each rotor in the given molecule. These energy levels have been calculated by solving the wave equation using appropriate barrier heights, rotational constants, and potential functions for the given rotations. The thermodynamic properties have been calculated using a rigid-rotor and harmonic-oscillator molecular model for each species. The sources of molecular data and the selection of the values used in the calculation are described. The calculated C○p and {S○(T)−S○(0)} values are compared with experimental results where appropriate.
New International Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of Light and Heavy Water
Authors: Kestin J. , Sengers J. V.
Published: June 2010

The General Assembly of the International Association for the Properties of Steam (IAPS), meeting at the 10th International Conference on the Properties of Steam in Moscow in September 1984, adopted new formulations for the thermodynamic properties of fluid H2O and D2O. The new formulations have been designated as the IAPS Formulation 1984 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for Scientific and General Use and the IAPS Formulation 1984 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Heavy Water Substance. In this paper we present and discuss these new formulations.
High-Temperature Vaporization Behavior of Oxides II. Oxides of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Hg
Authors: Lamoreaux R. H. , Hildenbrand D. L. , Brewer L.
Published: June 2010

In order to assess the high-temperature vaporization behavior and equilibrium gas phase compositions over the condensed oxides of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Hg, the relevant thermodynamic and molecular constant data have been compiled and critically evaluated. Selected values of the Gibbs energy functions of condensed and vapor phases are given in the form of equations valid over wide temperature ranges, along with the standard entropies and enthalpies of formation. These data were used to generate plots of equilibrium partial pressures of vapor species as functions of temperature for representative environmental conditions ranging from reducing to oxidizing. The calculated partial pressures and compositions agree, for the most part, with experimental results obtained under comparable conditions. Maximum vaporization rates have been calculated using the Hertz–Knudsen equation. Literature references are given.
Chemical Kinetic Data Base for Combustion Chemistry. Part 2. Methanol
Authors: Tsang Wing
Published: June 2010

This publication contains evaluated and estimated data on the kinetics of reactions involving methanol and hydroxymethyl radicals and various small inorganic and organic species which are of importance for the proper understanding of methanol combustion and pyrolysis. It is meant to be used in conjunction with the kinetic data given in an earlier publication pertaining to methane pyrolysis and combustion, but which also contains a large volume of data that are applicable to the methanol system. The temperature range covered is 300–2500 K and the density range 1×1016 to 1×1021 molecules cm−3.
New International Skeleton Tables for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance
Authors: Sato H. , Uematsu M. , Watanabe K. , Saul A. , Wagner W.
Published: June 2010

The current knowledge of thermodynamic properties of ordinary water substance is summarized in a condensed form of a set of skeleton steam tables, where the most probable values with the reliabilities on specific volume and enthalpy are provided in the range of temperatures from 273 to 1073 K and pressures from 101.325 kPa to 1 GPa and at the saturation state from the triple point to the critical point. These tables have been accepted as the IAPS Skeleton Tables 1985 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance(IST-85) by the International Association for the Properties of Steam(IAPS). The former International Skeleton Steam Tables, October 1963(IST-63), have been withdrawn by IAPS. About 17 000 experimental thermodynamic data were assessed and classified previously by Working Group 1 of IAPS. About 10 000 experimental data were collected and evaluated in detail and especially about 7000 specific-volume data among them were critically analyzed with respect to their errors using the statistical method originally developed at Keio University by the first three authors. As a result, specific-volume and enthalpy values with associated reliabilities were determined at 1455 grid points of 24 isotherms and 61 isobars in the single-fluid phase state and at 54 temperatures along the saturation curve. The background, analytical procedure, and reliability of IST-85 as well as the assessment of the existing experimental data and equations of state are also discussed in this paper.
Atomic Weights of the Elements 1987
Authors: De Laeter J. R.
Published: June 2010

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances has reviewed recent literature and confirmed the atomic weight values published in 1985, with one minor change. The current table of standard atomic weights is presented.
Cross Sections for K-shell X-ray Production by Hydrogen and Helium Ions in Elements from Beryllium to Uranium
Authors: Lapicki G.
Published: June 2010

Experimental cross sections for K-shell x-ray production by hydrogen and helium ions (Z1=1,2) in target atoms from beryllium to uranium (Z2=4–92 ) are tabulated as compiled (7418 cross sections) from the literature (161 references were found) with the search for the data terminated in January 1988. These cross sections are compared with predictions of the first Born approximation and ECPSSR theory for inner-shell ionization. The ECPSSR accounts for the energy loss (E) and Coulomb deflection (C) of the projectile ion as well as for the perturbed stationary state (PSS) and relativistic (R) nature of the target’s inner-shell electron. While the first Born approximation generally overestimates the data by orders of magnitude, the ECPSSR theory is confirmed to be, on the average, in agreement with the experiment to within 10%–20%. For light and heavy target atoms, however, systematic and opposite deviations are found in the low projectile-velocity regime. These deviations are associated with the influence of multiple outer-shell ionizations on the fluorescence yields of light elements, particularly in ionization by helium ions, and with the inaccuracy of the ECPSSR theory in the reproduction of relativistic calculations for ionization of heavy elements. The remaining discrepancies at moderate projectile velocities are prima facie attributed to inadequacies of a screened hydrogenic description for the K-shell electron.
Cross Sections for Collisions of Electrons and Photons with Oxygen Molecules
Authors: Itikawa Y. , Ichimura A. , Onda K. , Sakimoto K. , Takayanagi K. , Hatano Y. , Hayashi M. , Nishimura H. , Tsurubuchi S.
Published: June 2010

Data have been compiled on the cross sections for collisions of electrons and photons with oxygen molecules (O2). For electron collisions, the processes included are: total scattering, elastic scattering, momentum transfer, excitations of rotational, vibrational, and electronic states, dissociation, ionization, and attachment. Ionization and dissociation processes are considered for photon impact. Cross-section data selected are presented graphically. Spectroscopic and other properties of the oxygen molecule are summarized for understanding of the collision processes. The literature was surveyed through August 1987, but some more recent data are included when available to the authors.