bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Pemasangan Express Feeder Jaringan Distribusi 20 kV Untuk Mengatasi Drop Tegangan Pada Feeder Sorek PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Pangkalan Kerinci
Authors: Anugrah Andri Van , Eteruddin Hamzah , Arlenny Arlenny
Published: March 2021

Penyaluran energi listrik oleh PT PLN (Persero) Area Pekanbaru, Rayon Pangkalan Kerinci untuk daerah Sorek dan sekitarnya, disuplai oleh saluran distribusi 20 kV feeder Sorek melalui Gardu Hubung Kerinci. Panjang total jaringan feeder Sorek 194 kms dengan luas penampang jaringan utama 240 mm2 dan percabangan umumnya menggunakan 150 mm2. Jumlah pelanggan yang tersambung ke feeder Sorek sebanyak 20.606 dengan beban penyulang 218,2 ampere melalui 152 unit trafo distribusi. Feeder Sorek menggunakan sistim distribusi Radial, hanya ada satu sumber melalui dari Gardu Hubung Kerinci, tidak terdapat sumber lain yang dekat dengan feeder tersebut. Panjangnya feeder Sorek ini menyebabkan terjadinya drop tegangan dan rugi-rugi daya yang sangat besar, dengan tegangan terendah pada ujung saluran mencapai 11,5 kV, kondisi tegangan yang disalurkan telah melampaui batas standar drop tegangan yaitu 10%  (18 kV). Dengan dilakukannya pemasangan Express Feeder sepanjang 46 kms dari GH kerinci sampai ke GH Sorek, maka tegangan yang diterima seluruh trafo mengalami peningkatan diantaranya trafo BM 006 yang berada pada ujung saluran menjadi 17,155 kV. Rugi-rugi daya pada sistem PLN dapat ditekan hingga 1.407 kW sehingga memberikan dampak langsung pada peningkatkan kualitas layanan penyaluran tenaga listrik pada feeder Sorek.
Susut Tegangan pada Penghantar ACCC di Saluran Transmisi 150 kV di PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Pelayanan Transmisi Pekanbaru
Authors: Octary Wellington , Eteruddin Hamzah , Tanjung Abrar
Published: March 2021

Power transmission network system plays an important role in distributing power, especially in 150 kV power transmission lines. In 2013, the was a change in term of conductor type in in 150 kV transmission lines of Garuda Sakti – Balai Pungut, from ACSR to ACCC, because of the growing number of power plants in Riau and power distribution in every conductor supplying higher current, when given higher current, ACCC conductor is capable of transmitting power twice the ACSR conductor. The single line diagram of UPT Pekanbaru, data from power station (GI) Garuda Sakti – Balai Pungut, conductor data and load data are all data necessary for the study and calculation on ACCC conductor. The result shows that the amount of voltage drop power losses of ACCC conductor is 5.098 kV, while the power loss is 479,187 with the sagging value is 6.950 m, compared to the old conductor, the ACSR type, with the voltage drop of 7.517 kV, power loss of 828.863 kW, and the sagging value of 9.010 m, all measured in 150 kV power transmission lines of PT. PLN PERSERO UPT Pekanbaru.
Bio-Polymer Based Tragacanth Gum (TG) Loaded Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for the Sequestration of Tenacious Congo Red Dye from Waste Water
Authors: Arush Sharma  , Deepak Pathania  , Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2021

Water polluted by hazardousdyes such as congo red (CR) face challenges to the regulation of water supplies. In the laboratory scale experiment, we report the novel approach for the synthesis of Fe3O4/TG nanocomposite. The Fe3O4/TG nanocomposite was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The surface properties and chemical compositions have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X- ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) instrumentation. The XRD study indicates that nanocomposite were formed in the nano-scale (11.5 nm) and this is in accordance with TEM results. The maximum removal of CR dye was recorded at 2.0 pH. Approximately, 89.51 % deterioration of congo red (CR) dye has been achieved within 250 min of solar exposure. The prepared Fe3O4/TG nanocomposite is found to efficient photocatalyst for the removal of noxious dye from waste water.
Sistem Zonasi Sekolah: Antara Persepsi Dan Minat Belajar Siswa
Authors: Gede Danu Setiawan  , Ni Luh Yaniasti
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to find out the students’ perception about the school zoning system and the students’ learning interests from the seventh grade junior high school in Buleleng regency, as well as the effect of it. This research used correlation-quantitative research. The subject of this research was the students of seventh grade junior high school in Buleleng regency. The object of this research was the students’ learning interests affected by the students’ perception about the school zoning enrolment system for the new students. The data were taken by spreading the questionnaires, doing the observation and interviewing. The respondent in this research were 318 students of seventh grade junior high school in Buleleng regency who chosen randomly from each school. There were two variables in this research, the students’ perception about the school zoning system (X) and the students’ learning interests (Y). This research was analysed by using one sample t-Test, linier test and simple linear regression test. The results showed that: (1) students' perception of school zoning system for junior high students in Buleleng regency have been carried out so well. Also, the facilities and the infrastructures already supported the policy properly. The results showed an average number on 38,317 and the t-Test showed 29,196. (2) The students' learning interests in junior high school Buleleng regency showed a quite good result. This statement was supported by the average number on 2.7758 and the T-test was 29,20. (3) There was a significant result between the students’ perception about the school zoning system and the student’s learning interest. This result was supported by doing an analysis of independent sample t-Test analysis with a t-count showed 1,848 > 1,655 with percentage 56%.
Spinning gyroscope (bicycle wheel), force, and zero torque exerted by angular momentum
Authors: Lagutin Boris
Published: March 2021

This paper (preprint) shows the author’s analysis which unveils a problem related to the motion of a spinning gyroscope (bicycle wheel). The classical mechanics formula for torque exerted by the angular momentum of a spinning gyroscope (bicycle wheel) tells that a magnitude of the torque is zero when a gyroscope spins at a uniform (constant) angular speed because a gyroscope angular acceleration is zero. Hence, the torque exerted by a gyroscope angular momentum cannot act against a torque exerted by the Earth gravitation based on the formula. The gravitation pulls a gyroscope (bicycle wheel) down to the Earth surface. As a result, the zero torque, which is exerted by a gyroscope angular momentum, cannot prevent the gyroscope from falling from Position #1 to Position #2, see Figure 1. There appears a practical problem - impossibility to calculate a force (torque) needed to change a plane of the spin of the uniformly spinning gyroscope.
The difference between Lexical Pragmatics and Lexical- Semantics
Authors: Saeed Sazan Dhahir
Published: March 2021

هذا البحث الّذي يحمل عُنوان (الفرق بين التَّداوليَّة المُعجميَّة وعلم الدّلالة المُعجميّ) مُحاولة لوصف التَّداوليَّة المعجميَّة مُتعلّقةً بتغيير المعنى، مع توضيح الفرضيَّة المعجميَّة، هذا من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى حُدِّد خط الاختلاف بين علم الدّلالة المعجميّ والتَّداوليَّة المعجميَّة. ولذا يتكون البحث من فصلين: خُصِّص الفصل الأوَّل، لتحديد إطار علم الدّلالة المُعجميّ مُرتبطًا بشرط حقيقة الوحدات المُعجميَّة، فضلاً عن إبراز كيفيَّة حدوث التغايير في المعنى. والفصل الثَّاني، خُصِّص لعرض التَّداوليَّة المعجميَّة وتحليلها، مع شرح تغيير المعنى وَفقًا لـ (توسع وتضييق المعاني).

 

پوختە

توێژينه‌وه‌كه‌‌ به‌ناونيشانى (پڕاگماتيكى فه‌رهه‌نگيى هه‌مبه‌ربه‌ سيمانتيكى فه‌رهه‌نگيى)‌، له‌ سنورى دوو به‌شداو‌ به‌پێى ڕێبازى (په‌سنى شيكاريى)ى، ئه‌نجامدراوه‌‌. توێژينه‌وه‌كه‌ به‌گشتى‌‌ تيشكده‌خاته‌سه‌ر‌ دياريكردن و ده‌ستنيشانكردنى ئه‌و گۆڕانه‌ واتاييانه‌ى له‌ چێوه‌ى پڕاگماتيكى فه‌رهه‌نگيدا ڕووده‌ده‌ن، له‌وه‌شه‌وه‌‌ ئه‌گه‌رى به‌لێكسيمبوونى فۆڕمه‌ واتا_گۆڕاوه‌كان، چاوه‌ڕوانكراو و پێشبينييكراو ده‌بێت‌‌، ئه‌مه‌ش هۆكارو ڕێخۆشكه‌ر ده‌بێت‌ له‌ دياريكردن و خستنه‌ڕووى خاڵه‌ جياوازه‌كانى‌ ‌نێوان سيمانتيكى فه‌رهه‌نگيى و پڕاگماتيكى فه‌رهه‌نگيدا، كه‌ ته‌وه‌رى سه‌ره‌كيى توێژينه‌وه‌كه‌ پێكده‌هێنن.
Nostalgia in the Collection of A One-thousand-bead-necklace of Sharbazher by the Poet Jamal Sharbazheri
Authors: Mohammad Rashid Mira Ahmad , Fatih Umar Mahdi
Published: March 2021

هذه الدراسة بعنوان "الحنين في ديوان -عقد شارباژير ذي الألف حبة- للشاعر جمال شارباژيري". إن لفظة "الحنين " تعني العودة الى الماضي والتوجع والتحسر على محل الولادة والوطن، اي انه يعبر عن الحلم والخيال وتمني مستقبل زاهر زاخر بالتفوق، وخال من الغم والوجع والاضطراب. وبهذا يكون "الحنين" مجرد خيال يستند الى ماض يزدهر بالنجاحات والفخر لكن لاوجود له في أرض الواقع ويستحيل اعادته من جديد. تتألف الدراسة من قسمين. يتناول القسم الاول منه الجانب النظري، وذلك في مبحثين يبحث كل منهما عددا من الامور كما مبين ادناه:المبحث الاول: وفيه يتم تناول مفهوم "الحنين" لغة واصطلاحا وانواعه في الادب. المبحث الثاني: ويتناول خصائص ومزايا "الحنين" كدافع للابداع في النتاج الادبي. أما المبحث الثاني في هذه الدرااسة فيبحث عمليا في انواع "الحنين" في النصوص الشعرية للشاعر جمال شارباژي في ديوانه المذكور عنوانه آنفا. ويختتم الباحث هذا البحث بجملة من النتائج التي توصل اليها مع قائمة بالمصادر التي استندت اليها الدراسة.
Reasons of Naming in Al-Mokhasas Dictionary for Ibn Sedah
Authors: Ahmed Luqman Fatah
Published: March 2021

عُني هذا البحث الموسوم بـ(علل التسمیة في معجم المخصص لابن سیده) بدراسة‌ تعلیل التسمیة‌ في واحد من معاجم اللغة‌ العربیة‌ المهمة،‌ وهو معجم المخصص لأبي الحسن علي بن إسماعیل بن سیده المرسي (398- 458هـ). وقد أخذت ظاهر‌ة‌ تعلیل التسمیة‌ عنایة ‌ العدید من علما‌ء اللغة‌ في مؤلفاتهم المختلفة ‌، فهي تساعد في معرفة المعنى الذي اشتُق منه الاسم، ثم معرفة‌ كیفیة ‌ تحقق هذا المعنى في المسمّى، وكیفیة‌ ارتباط الاسم بمسمّاه. وكانت لهم في الكشف عن تلك العلل والدلالة‌ علیها أسالیب متنوعة‌، ویعمل البحث على إیضاح جهود ابن سیده‌  في العنایة بهذه الظاهرة ‌اللغویة‌ والاهتمام بها.

  پوختە

  ئەم توێژینەوە کە بەناونیشانی(هۆکارەکانی ناونان لە فەرهەنگی ئەلموخەسەسی کوری سیدە) یە؛ هەڵساوە بە لێکۆڵینەوە دەربارەی هۆکارەکانی ناونان لە یەکێک لە فەرهەنگە گرنگەکانی زمانی عەرەبی، ئەویش فەرهەنگی ئەلموخەسەسی ئەبو حەسەن عەلی کوڕی ئیسماعیلی کوڕی سیدەى مورسیە (398- 458 کۆچى) ، زۆر لە زانایانی زمان گرنگییان داوە بە ڕوونکردنەوەی هۆکارەکانی ناونان لە ناو پەرتوکە جیاجیاکانیان، کە هاوکارە بۆ ئاشکراکردنی ئەو واتایەی کە ناوەکەی لێ وەرگیراوە، پاشان زانینی  چۆنێتی دروستبوونی ئەو واتایە لەو شتە کە ناونراوە، و چۆنێتی پەیوەستبوونی ناوەکە بە ناونراوەکەی، کە زانایان شێوازی جۆراوجۆریان هەبووە بۆ ئاشکراکردنی ئەو واتایە. ئەم توێژینەوە کاریش دەکات لەسەر روونکردنەوەی ئەرک و ماندوبوونی کوڕی سیدە لەبارەی گرنگیدان بەم دیاردە زمانەوانییە.
مستجدات إيجار أموال الدولة (دراسة تحليلية مقارنة نقدية)
Authors: Omer Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ ئه‌و نوێگه‌ریانه‌ له‌خۆده‌گرێت كه‌ له‌ یاسای فرۆشتن وبه‌كرێدانی مڵك وماڵی ده‌وڵه‌ت ژماره‌(21)ی ساڵی(2013) هه‌مواركراوی كارادا هاتوون تایبه‌ت به‌ به‌كرێدانی مڵك وماڵی ده‌وڵه‌ت به‌ گوێزراوه‌ ونه‌گوێزراوه‌ به‌شێوه‌ى زیادكردنی ئاشكرا یاخۆی به‌بێ زیادكردن. توێژه‌ر هه‌وڵیداوه‌ له‌ڕێگه‌ى ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌وه‌ به‌راوردكاری بكات له‌نێوان ئه‌و نوێگریانه‌ وئه‌و احكامانه‌ى هاتوون له‌یاسای فرۆشتن وبه‌كرێدانی مڵك وماڵی ده‌وڵه‌ت ژماره‌(32)ی ساڵی(1986) هه‌ڵوه‌شاوه‌ له‌ عیراق وكارا له‌هه‌رێمی كوردستان. ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ ناوه‌ستێت له‌م ئاسته‌دا به‌ڵكو توێژه‌ر له‌ رێگه‌ى توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌وه‌ هه‌ڵساوه‌ به‌لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌یه‌كی ورد له‌ نوێگه‌ریه‌كان بۆ ده‌ركه‌وتنی لایه‌نه‌ كه‌م وكورتیه‌كانی ئه‌و نوێگه‌ریانه‌ له‌گه‌ڵ خستنه‌ ڕووی چاره‌سه‌ری یاسایی بۆ پڕكردنه‌وه‌ى كه‌م وكورتیه‌كان. زیاد له‌مه‌ش توێژه‌ر هه‌ڵساوه‌ به‌ خستنه‌ ڕووی چاره‌سه‌ری یاسایی بۆ ئه‌و گریمانانه‌ى به‌ ڕێكخستنی یاساییی نه‌گه‌یشتون كه‌ په‌یوه‌ستن به‌ بابه‌تی توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌وه‌.توێژه‌ر كۆتایی به‌ توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌ هێناوه‌ به‌ كۆمه‌ڵێك ده‌رئه‌نجام كه‌ پێمان ده‌ڵێن احكامی نوێ وباش له‌ یاسا تازه‌كه‌دا بونیان هه‌یه‌ پێویسته‌ پشتگیری بكرێن، وه‌ له‌گه‌ڵ ئه‌وه‌شدا كۆمه‌ڵێكی تر هه‌ن پێویسته‌ هه‌موار بكرێنه‌وه‌ له‌گه‌ڵ بوونی كۆمه‌ڵێك كون وكه‌له‌ن له‌ یاسا تازه‌كه‌دا كه‌له‌سه‌ر یاسادانه‌ر ‌پێویسته‌ پڕیانبكاته‌وه‌ به‌و شێوه‌ى توێژه‌ر پێشنیاری بۆ كردون له‌ توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌ دا.
The Influence of positive psychological capital in contextual performance An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of workers in of korek Telecom in the city of Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Hassan Shelan Fadhil Mahmood
Published: March 2021

يسعى البحث التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة والتاثير بين راس المال النفسي الايجابي بابعاده (الكفاءة الذاتية، التفاؤل، الامل، المرونة) والاداء السياقي بعناصره (الالتزام التنظيمي، سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية) ذلك لمحاولة في معالجة مشكلة واقعية تؤثر بصورة مباشرة على قطاع الاتصالات بشكل عام وشركة كورك للاتصالات بشكل خاص في مدينة السليمانية، وتم تصميم مخطط فرضي يعبر عن الفرضيات الرئيسة ، واستخدمت استمارة الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات وتم توزيعها على (70) عاملا كعينة للبحث عشوائيا في شركة كورك للاتصالات في مدينة السليمانية ميدانا للبحث، وتم استرجاع (51) استمارة صالحة للتحليل، ولاجل التاكد من صحة الفرضيات خضعت لاختبارات متعددة من خلال استخدام البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS) وانتهج البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ومن اهم الاستنتاجات التي وصل اليه البحث وجود علاقة وتاثير معنوي بين راس المال النفسي الايجابي وابعاده على الاداء السياقي وعناصره واقترح البحث ضرورة الاهتمام برأس المال النفسي للعاملين إذ يشجع العاملين لممارسة سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية والإلتزام التنظيمي، عن طريق تحسين العلاقات الإجتماعية والإنسانية ورفع كفاءتهم وقدراتهم لأداء اعمالهم الى الأفضل.

 

پوختە

ئەم توێژینەوەیە دە كۆڵێتەوە لە سروشت وكاریگەری نێوان سە رمایەی دە رونی ئەرێنی بە پێنە رە كانی( توانای كە سی،گەشبینی ،هیوا،نەرمی)  وە كاریگە ری لە سەر ئە دای پە یوەندیەكان بە پێكهینە رەكانی (پابەندی رێكخستن-ڕەفتاری كە سە كان بە ڕێكخستن)، ئە مە ش وەك هە وڵێك بۆ چارە سە ر كردنی كێشەیە كی راستە قینە  كە كاریگەری لە سەر كە تی پەیوەندیەكان هە یە بە گشتی وە بە تایبەتیش لە سەر كۆمپانیای كۆڕەك تیلیكوم لە شاری سلێمانی ، فۆرمی ڕاپرسی وەك ئامرازێك بۆ شی كردنەوەی داتاكان بە كار هێنراكۆمەلگای  تویژینەوە پێك دێت لە (71) كارمەند كەوەك نمونەی توێژینەوەكە بەكارهێنرا بە شێوەی هە رەمەكی لە كۆمپانیای كۆڕەك بۆ پەیوەندی ،  فۆرمی گە ڕاوە ی دروست لە كارمەندان (51) بوو، وە  بۆ دڵنیا بون لە دروستی ئەگەرە كان(هە لسە نگاندنی ژمیراوە) ی ئاماریم بەكار هینا بە هاوكاری بەرنامەی (SPSS) وە گرنگترین ئەو دەرئەنجامانەی كە توێژەر پێی گە شتوە بونی پەیوەندی مە عنەوی ئەرێنی ئاماری سەرمایەی دەرونی لە سەر ئە دای سیاقی پە یوەندیەكان بە پێكهینە رەكانی ،وە گرنگترین پێشنیارە كانی توێژینەوە  كە گرنگی دان بە  سەر مایەی دەرونی كارمەندان و هاندانیانی كارمەندان بە ئە زمونی كردنی رێكخستنی ڕەفتاری كارمەند  وە پابەندی رێكخستن ، لە رێگەی باشكردنی پەیوەندیەكۆمەڵایەتی یە مرۆییەكان وە بەرزكردنەوەی تواناو لێهاتویان لە كاركردنیان بە شیوەی باشتر.
The role of small projects as a basic engine for the economic development process in the Kurdistan Region – Iraq(an exploratory study of a sample of owners of small projects)
Authors: Smael Khadeeja Qader , Haji Idrees Ramadhan
Published: March 2021

يحظى موضوع المشروعات الصغيرة باهتمام كبير نظراً لأهميته البالغة في العملية التنموية  للبلدان النامية ، إذ تؤدي دوراً بارزاً في تنظيم هيكل الاقتصاد القومي من خلال خلق استثمارات تدفع عجلة التنمية, وتعمل على نهوض المجتمع في شتى المجالات، إذ أنها تزيد من معدلات النمو، كما تساعد على تنوع الإنتاج، وخلق فرص التشغیل وتقلیص معدلات البطالة، وتخفیف مستوى الفقر وتحسین مستوى التنمیة المحلیة والإقلیمیة.وقد أظهرت التطبیقات العملیة أن الحاجة التنمویة لوجود المشروعات الصغیرة في اقتصادا ت الدول النامیة أشد من الدول المتقدمة، فضلاً عن أنها أصبحت الآن تمثل القوة الدافعة وراء عدد كبير من الاختراعات. وانطلاقا مما تقوم تم اختيار موضوع البحث الذي يهدف الى التعرف مفهوم المشروعات الصغيرة وأهميتها على مستوى العالم من خلال بعض التجارب لدول متقدمة ونامية وإبراز أهميتها ودورها التنموي في إقليم كوردستان/العراق.
The effect of marketing and innovative capability on developing new products An exploratory study of a sample of opinions of the directors of telecommunications companies in the Kurdistan Region government
Authors: Hama Salih Soran Hama Saeed , Ahmed Abdulqadir Rhumi
Published: March 2021

يهدف هذا البحث إلى اختبار أثر القدرات التسويقية والقدرات الابداعية على تطوير المنتجات الجديدة. ولقياس اثر كل من القدرات التسويقية والابداعية في قطاع الاتصالات في اقليم كردستان تم تصميم استبانة لهذا الغرض وزعت على عينة تتكون من خمس شركات، حيث تم توزيع 272 استبانة صالحة للتحليل، ولاختبار فرضيات البحث تم استخدام تحليل الارتباط بين متغيرات البحث بالاضافة الى تحليل الانحدار المتعدد. ويحاول البحث الإجابة على التساؤل التالي: ما طبيعة الأثر بين القدرات التسويقية و الابداعية علي تطوير المنتجات الجديدة وصولا إلى تحقيق ميزة تنافسية في قطاع الأعمال. ومن أهم النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها: هناك ارتباط موجب بين أبعاد القدرات التسويقية مجتمعة والقدرات الابداعية مجتمعة على تطوير المنتجات الجديدة، كما ان هناك اثر معنوي لهتين القدرتين على تطوير المنتجات الجديدة. وهذا يظر واضحا من خلال امكانية هتين المقدرتين على تفسير ما نسبنه 38% من تطوير المنتجات الجديدة في المؤسسات المبحوثة وفقا لتقييم عينة البحث. ومن اهم التوصيات التي نتجت عن البحث هي ضرورة الاعتماد على القدرات التسويقية بمختلف ابعادها، الى جانب الاهتمام بالقدرات الابداعية من اجل الاستجابة لحاجات ورغبات الزبائن المتجددة من خلال تطوير منتجات جديدة تلائم حاجات الزبائن وتحقق ميزة تنافسية في الاسواق.   پوحتە ئامانجی ئەم تویژینەوە یە بۆ دیاری كردنی كاریگە ری توانای بازاڕگەری و توانای داهینانە لە سەر گە شەی بەرهەمی نوێ.وە بۆ پێوانە كردنی توانای بازاڕگەری و داهێنان لە كە رتی پە یوەندیەكان لە هە رێمی كوردستان ، بۆ ئەم مە بە ستە فۆڕمی ڕاپرسی دابەش كرا بەسەر پێنج دامەزراوە، وە (272)  فۆڕم بۆ ئەم مەبەستە دابەشكرا  كە گونجاو بوو بۆ شیكردنەوە ، وە هەڵسەنگاندنی ئەگەرەكان ی توێژینەوە شیكاری (پیك بە ست) بە كار هێنرا بۆ گۆڕاوەكانی تویژینەوە لەگەڵ(الانحدار المتعدد) وە توێژینەوە هەوڵدەدات بۆ وە ڵامدانەوەی : سروشتی ئەو كاریگەریە لە نێوان توانای بازاڕگەری و داهێنان لە سەر گەشەی بەرهەمی نوێ‌ بۆ بەدەستهێنانی كی بركێی ئاست بەرز لە بواری كاركردن.لە گرنگ ترین دەرئەنجامە كان كە پێی گەشتوین :بونی پەیوەندی ئەرێنی لە نێوان توانای كۆكراوەی بازاڕگەری و توانای كۆكراوەی داهێنان لە سەر گەشەی بەرهەمی نوێ‌ ، وە بونی پەیوەندی مەعنوی بۆ ئەم توانایە لە سەربەرهەمی نوێ ، وەدەردەكەوی توانای تەواوی ئەم دوو گۆراوە لە سە ر  شیكاری بە ڕێژەی  38% لە سەر  گەشەی بەرهەمی نوێ‌ لە سەر دامەزراوە كانی پەیوەندی بە پێی نمونەی توێژینەوە ، وە گرنگترین پێشنیار گرنگی دان بە هەردوو تواناكان لە بواری بازاڕگەری بە هەموو پێكهینەرەكانیانەوە، وەگرنگی دان بە داهێنان لە بواری پەیوەندی بۆ پڕكردنەوەی پێداویستی جۆراوجۆری بەكاربەران بۆ بەرهەمی نوێ كە بگونجێ لە گەڵ خواست و كێبركێ ی بازاڕ سنوری توێژینەوە (شوین):كە رتی پەیوەندی  لە هەرێمی كوردستان. سنوری تویژینەوە (كات) : ماوەی دوومانگ لە دە ست پێكردنەوە
Marketing role on social networking sites to increase sales
Authors: Ahmed Nawshirwan Faraj , Hamasaeed Nazakat Husain
Published: March 2021

يتناول هذا البحث دور التسويق عبر الشبكات الاجتماعية المأخوذ من رسالة الماجستير بعنوان (دور التسويق عبر الشبكات الاجتماعية في زيادة المبيعات). أن الهدف الرئيسي لهذا البحث هو معرفة دور التسويق عبر الشبكات الاجتماعية في زيادة المبيعات لدى كل من شركة اسيا سيل و كورك تيليكوم، و لغرض تحقيق هذا الهدف اعتمد الباحث على اسلوب البحث الوصفي و استخدم المنهج المسحي الذي يتناسب مع اسلوب و منهج البحث، لقد تم استحصال المعلومات من المبحوثين من خلال استمارات استطلاع الرأي مع أستخدام اسلوب المسح. و هكذا تم أستطلاع رأي كافة الموظفين في قسم التسويق لدى كل من شركتي اسيا سيل و كورك تيليكوم في اقليم كوردستان، و من أهم النتائج التي تم تحقيقها من خلال هذا البحث هي كالاتي: لعب التسويق عبر الشبكات الاجتماعية دورا كبيرا في زيادة المبيعات و تسريع وتيرتها، و حظيت كل من الفيسبوك و الانستغرام ضمن مواقع الشبكات الاجتماعية مقارنة بالمواقع الاخرى بالاهتمام الاكبر.

 

پوختە

ئەم توێژینەوەیە لە ڕۆڵی مارکێتین (بازاڕگەری) لەڕێگەی تۆڕەکۆمەڵایەتییەکانەوە دەکۆڵێتەوەو وەرگیراوە لە نامەی ماستەری (ڕۆڵی مارکێتین لە تۆڕەکۆمەڵایەتییەکان لە زیادکردنی فرۆشدا). ئامانجی سەرەکی ئەم توێژینەوەیە بریتییە لە زانینی ڕۆڵی مارکێتین (بازاڕگەری) لە تۆڕە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان لە زیادکردنی فرۆشدا لای کۆمپانیاکانی ئاسیاسێڵ و کۆڕەک تیلیکۆم، بە مەبەستی بەدیهێنانی ئەم ئامانجە توێژەر پشتی بە جۆری توێژینەوەی وەسفیی بەستووە، میتۆدی ڕووماڵی ڕاپێوی بەکارهێناوە کە گونجاوە لە گەڵ شێوازی توێژینەوەکە، زانیاریی لە بەرتوێژان وەرگیراوە لە ڕێگەی فۆڕمێکی ڕاپرسیی و شێوەی ڕووپێوی گشتی (حصر شامل) بەکارهێنراوە، بەمجۆرە سەرجەم کارمەندانی بەشی مارکێتینی (بازاڕگەریی) هەردوو کۆمپانیای ئاسیاسێڵ و کۆڕەک تیلیکۆم لە هەرێمی کوردستان وەرگیراون، لە گرنگترین ئەو دەرئەنجامانەی ئەم توێژینەوەیە پێی گەشتووە: بازاڕگەریی لەڕێگەی تۆڕەکۆمەڵایەتییەکانەوە ڕۆڵی گەورەی گێڕاوە لەزیادکردن وخێراکردنی فرۆشدا، فەیسبوک و ئینستگرامیش لەناو تۆڕە کۆمەڵایەتییەکاندا زۆرترین بایەخیان هەبووە.
Salicylic acid and its role in induced plant resistance to biotic stress
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Iksat N.N. , Tokasheva D. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Beissekova М.К. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Amanbayeva U.I. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Tleukulova Zh.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Akbassova A.Zh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhangazin S.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Omarov R.T. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

Salicylic acid is a natural signaling molecule that plays a key role in establishing and transmitting plant protection signals from phytopathogens. Salicylic acid, by modulating the expression of protective genes and changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, can regulate oxidative processes associated with plant protective reactions. This review article reviews studies that provide insight into the functioning of salicylic acid in plant immunity
Computer analysis of the antineoplastic activity of betulin derivatives
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Shapekova N.L. , Safarov R.Z. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

The paper provides an overview of the use of various betulin derivatives. There are represented conclusions of in-silico research of betulin, betulinic acid, betulinic diacetate, allobetulinol. There has been used OSIRIS software for in silico analysis PASS, Molinspiration. Obtained results of the study show that after summarizing of all forecasts betulin and betulinic acid are potential compounds for getting more efficient and active products for producing of antitumor pharmaceuticals. Betulin diacetate is proper according to various theoretic terms but has a high probability to be an irritant mediator. Also, this substance shows the worst compliance with Lipinski rule. According to PASS forecast all the investigated compounds have substantial prospect to be used as the basis for producing new highly effective anticancer pharmaceuticals.
ON h-HOLOMORPHY AND h-ANALYTICITY OF FUNCTIONS OF AN h-COMPLEX VARIABLE
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Pavlovsky V. A. , Vasiliev I. L. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: March 2021

Interest in the study of the properties of functions defined on the set of \textit{h}-complex numbers arose again in connection with existing applications in geometry and mechanics. In this paper, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for \textit{h}-differentiability and \textit{h}-holomorphy of functions of an \textit{h}-complex variable, the theorem on finite increments is proved, sufficient conditions for \textit{h}-analyticity are found, a uniqueness theorem for \textit{h}-analytic functions is proved.
ROLE OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN COVID-19 PATIENT IN INDEX MEDICAL COLLEGE, INDORE
Authors: Gupta Deeksha , Narang Sanjeev
Published: March 2021

AIM: Study to evulate the pattern of the hematolofical parameters of covid-19 patients along with their clinical course in the Indian scenario.

Material& method: A prospective study of 100 patients with laboratory-confirmed covid-19 admitted to index medical college indore from April to june were enrolled for the study. Patients were divided into asymptomatic (mild) patients, and symptomatic (moderate).

The demographic date, the clinical status of the patients during admission, and follow up and hematological finding were recorded. The semples for complete blood count and peripheral smears for microscopy examination were collected on the day of admission .the sample were tested for complete blood count on 5-part hematology analyzer, and values were recorded. peripheral smears were stained by gimsa stains, and findings were noted.

Results: All the paediatric cases under study were stable and asymptomatic, with only supportive treatment. Adults patients included in the study were given supportive treatment, and only one case showed clinical deteriotion over a period of 90 day of admission.

Conclusion: The study of 100 covid-19 cases of Indian population shows that majority of the patients are younger, have asymptomatic to mild clinical presentation, and a higher incidence in the female population. The majority of pediatric cases have mild symptomology with a stable clinical corse. Baseline CBC finding of all the cases show. mild neutrophilia, mild lymphopenia, eosinophilia, mild monocytosis, and a normal to mild thromobocytopenia. a significance statistical trend of increase in CBC PARAMETER, NLR, was noted in follow up cases with persistent symptoms, however, a larger follow up cohort is needed to arrive at a statistical significances.

Keywords: hematological, covid-19 & neutrophilia.
Open Educational Resources in virtual teaching communities
Authors:   Universidad de Extremadura, España, Recio Mayorga Joaquín , Gutiérrez-Esteban Prudencia , Suárez-Guerrero Cristóbal
Published: March 2021

Formative models related to the theory of connectivism are increasingly flexible, open and participatory. Under this trend, ideas such as virtual teaching communities (VCT) or Open Educational Resources (OER) have been Widespread, which lead us to talk about online educational opportunities. Accordingly, this work seeks and analyzes the uses and potentialities of educational resources of free access in a VCT, while examining the meaning that members of that community give to the OER. In addition, a qualitative research procedure endorsed the development and validation of data-collection instruments, such as an interview and an indicator guide to analyze and evaluate the OER shared in a VCT, through participant observation, which is characterized by exchange processes and collaborative work among teachers. Among the main findings, it is observed that virtual communities have a greater presence in teacher training, where the impulse and expansion of OER is verified. These facts highlight the importance of the research field of flexible and open education with technology and particularly, the potential use of VCT, where OER have a special relevance in teacher training.
Basic digital skills to guarantee the academic continuity caused by Covid-19
Authors:   Tecnológico de Monterrey, México, George Reyes Carlos Enrique
Published: March 2021

The migration from face-to-face to non-face-toface education due to the pandemic caused by Covid-19 has led to the transformation of learning scenarios. In this research, the perceptions of the students regarding the implementation of teaching strategies based on communicative interaction, the selection of learning materials, and for the evaluation based on the use of technologies were analyzed. The study subjects were high school students from a private educational institution located in Mexico. The study was descriptive, based on the application of a Likert-type scale questionnaire. The recovery of the data was carried out using a digital form designed expressly for the investigation. 248 students who were about to complete the fourth semestre in the period January-June 2020 participated. The results revealed that there was a favorable acceptance of the activities carried out by teachers with digital tools, some areas of opportunity were evident, such as face-to-face interaction, the scarce diversification of the content selected for learning and evaluation, and the absence of evaluation actions based on the use of discussion forums.
Teaching and learning experience with a virtual classroom in the field of pedagogical support due to Covid-19
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Argentina, Digión Leda Beatriz , Álvarez Margarita María
Published: March 2021

This work describes a pedagogical proposal for the dictation of a degree course, which originally had a face-to-face modality, sustained with the e-learning modality in the 2020 school year due to the social health situation caused by Covid-19. An analytical framework based on the pedagogical model of dimensions was applied, adapted for the virtual design of the Medical Informatics subject, of the Medicine career of the National University of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. The proposed dimensioning in the field of the pedagogical accompaniment process projected by the authorities of the faculty, allowed to program the active participation of the students and organize the monitoring of learning, through the axes proposed by the chair: individual work, group work, interactions and interventions. Regarding the results obtained on educational mediation in the virtual classroom, it was possible to identify and propose the guidelines and resources in a new pedagogical dimension on didactic strategies; thus, this proposed dimension is considered a highly usable component for teaching work in search of an autonomous student, in terms of achieving goals in their teaching and learning process, as shown by the presented experience.
Effects of iron and PGPR on antioxidant status and some physiological traits of triticale under different irrigation levels
Authors: Ghasemi Rana , Sharifi Raouf Sayed , Arough Younes Kheirizadeh
Published: March 2021

A factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects of iron and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on antioxidant status and some physiological traits of triticale under different irrigation levels. Experimental factors were included irrigation in three levels [(i) normal irrigation (I0) as control; (ii) moderate water limitation (I1) and (iii) severe water limitation (I2)]. Three PGPR levels [(i) no PGPR (P0), (ii) Psedomunas putida (P1), (iii) Azospirillum lipoferum (P2)] and three nano iron oxide levels [(i) without nano iron oxide (F0) as control, (ii) application of 0.3 (F1) and (iii) 0.6 (F2) g/l)]. Results showed that water limitation decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content and grain yield of triticale. Whereas, electrical conductivity, proline content and the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased. However, inoculation of plants with PGPR and iron application improved these traits under water limitation condition and normal irrigation. Based on the results, it was concluded that the application of PGPR and iron can be a proper tool for increasing triticale yield under water limitation condition.
Phytochemical assessment of Iphiona aucheri (Bioss.) Anderb. and its cytotoxic, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities
Authors: Shah Muhammad Abdur Rehman , Khan Rahmat Ali , Ahmed Mushtaq
Published: March 2021

The presence of phytochemical constituents and estimation of total phenolic contents in Iphiona aucheri (Bioss.) Anderb. stem and assessment of their cytotoxic, total antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity were investigated. All fractions were assessed for phytochemicals, cytotoxic activity, total phenolic contents, antioxidant and anti-diabetic characteristics. Saponins, glycosides, protein and amino acids, carbohydrates and flavonoids were found in aqueous fraction and methanolic extract while they were absent in n-hexane fraction except glycosides and protein. The crude methanolic extract (70.3 ± 1.9%) revealed highest brine shrimp mortalities. Except n-hexane fraction others indicated considerable antioxidant activities via DPPH, ABTS•+ and H2O2 assays. Crude methanolic extract expressed higher inhibition of α-amylase (60.71 ± 0.89%) than glucophage (54.92 ± 0.56%). Non significant correlation of total phenolic contents with percentage antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of crude methanolic extract and its various fractions was observed in all cases.
Silencing of the Phytoene desaturase gene mitigates oxidative stress through the accumulation of free amino acids
Authors: Ali Md Sarafat , Baek Kwang-Hyun
Published: March 2021

Phytoene desaturase (PDS) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which converts phytoene to zeta-carotene in a two-step desaturation reaction. Transiently blocked carotenogenesis by silencing the PDS gene in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbPDS) using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique was used. Silencing of NbPDS induced dwarfism and an albino-type leaf trait in N. benthamiana. The NbPDS-silenced leaves accumulated free amino acids in amounts 9.5-folds greater than those of the GFP-silenced control leaves, but contained only 59.6% of total soluble proteins. When treatment with 10 and 100 μM paraquat was carried out to induce oxidative stress, NbPDS-silenced N. benthamiana demonstrated more resistance at both concentrations compared to the control plants. These data strongly suggest that high concentrations of free amino acids occur because they are inadequately incorporated into proteins of the NbPDS-silenced plants, but reduce injury inflicted by oxidative stress even without the assistance of important antioxidants like carotenoids.
Characteristics and antibiogram of airborne bacterial communities
Authors: Karim Md Abdul , Al Masum Mehedi
Published: March 2021

Composition and concentration of the bacterial communities in air of using a culture-dependent plate exposure technique and air sampling with filter were analysed. An average value of 2.8 x 103 bacterial CFU/m3 was found in different seasons. A total of 8 bacterial genera were identified among 58 species. The most predominant bacteria were Bacillus (73%), Planococcus (9%), Staphylococcus (6%), Micrococcus (4%), Deinococcus (2%), Arthrobacter (2%), Microbacterium (2%), and Exiguobacterium (2%). The distribution of predominant airborne bacteria varied greatly between different sampling sites and seasons and was limited by environmental parameters, as well as human activities.
Granule size distribution and pasting properties of starch in normal, waxy and sweet maize kernels
Authors: Li Wenyang , Wu Peijin , Zhang Dongping , Yan Shuhui
Published: March 2021

The granule size and pasting properties of starch and their relationship with quality of maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated. A clear bimodal distribution of granule sizes was found in six cultivars of maize. A number of starch granules were made up of small starch granules in kernels. Normal maize had a smaller proportion of granules <12 μm and a greater proportion of granules >12 μm, whereas sweet maize had a greater proportion of granules <12 μm and a smaller proportion of granules >12 μm. The peak, trough and breakdown viscosities were found higher in waxy maize and lower in sweet maize. The final and setback viscosities were found higher in normal maize and lower in sweet maize. The peak, trough, final and setback viscosities were significantly and negatively correlated to volume percentage of granules <12 μm and significantly positively correlated with the volume percentage of granules >12 μm.
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of endemic Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen
Authors: Elkiran Omer , Avsar Cumhur
Published: March 2021

The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils from the leaves of endemic Thymus leucostomus naturally grown in Turkey were investigated and chemical differences were discussed by means of chemotaxonomy. Twenty-six components were identified representing 98.8% of the oils. The main compounds in the essential oil of T. leucostomus were: o-cymene (30.6%), carvacrol (9.6%), thymol methyl ether (7.2%), limonene (6.8%). Essential oil was screened for their antimicrobial activities against 7 bacteria and 2 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The essential oil showed higher effectiveness against all the tested bacteria and yeast. The extract was observed to be much more effective in Gram-positive bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538). In vitro antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the essential oil, and it was found that the essential oil had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50= 5.42 ±0.8 μg/ml.
Vulnerability of oasis agriculture to sandstorm disasters in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Gao Jingmin , Chen Dongxu , Saitiniyazi Maimaitijiang
Published: March 2021

A vulnerability assessment index system and model for oasis agriculture to sandstorm disaster had been constructed. The concept was based on the characteristics of oasis agriculture, from the view of comprehensive disaster reduction and regional sustainable development. Seven main oasis agricultural regions in Xinjiang, China in 1980s, 1990s and 2000s were considered. Focusing on the sensitivity of regional hazard formative environments and the adaptability of sandstorm disaster affected bodies, the vulnerability of oasis agriculture was assessed. The results showed that the vulnerability of oasis agriculture to sandstorm disaster changes in different periods and is mainly affected by sensitivity of climate and adaptability of local agricultural conditions. During the past three decades, the sensitivity has been enhanced in some regions, but the vulnerability of the region has not been significantly reduced because of the enhancement of human adaptability.
Genetic diversity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings through SSR markers in north-western Himalayan region of Jammu
Authors: Shah Rafiq Ahmad , Baksi Parshant , Jasrotia Amit , Bhat Deep JI , Gupta Rucku , Bakshi Manish
Published: March 2021

screening of 25 SSR markers, revealed 23 clear and consistent amplification profiles in the entire walnut germplasm set. A total of 54 alleles were amplified by SSR primers and the number of alleles range from 2 to 3. The PIC value ranged from 0.36 to 0.68. The dendrogram classified all genotypes into two main clusters with various degrees of subclustering. Estimated genetic dissimilarity coefficient ranged from 0.36 to 0.85. Through model-based cluster analysis all genotypes were grouped into 5 genetically distinct subpopulations. The expected heterozygosity at a given locus was found to range from 0.520 to 0.5477. Similarly, population differentiation measurements (Fst) ranged from 0.2286 to 0.2909. These findings would be helpful for decision making in future walnut breeding studies, germplasm management activities to maximize genetic diversity in walnut germplasm and may also prove useful in future for conducting association mapping in walnut for different traits.
Effects of superfine grinding on micromeritic properties of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves
Authors: Zhang Peiqi , Tie Shanshan , Liu Mengpei , Zong Wei
Published: March 2021

Effects of regular grinding and superfine grinding on the micromeritic properties of Eucommia ulmoides leaves were investigated. Coarse powder 1 (5732 nm), 2 (4784.67 nm), 3 (4133.67 nm), 4 (2119 nm) were prepared by regular grinding. Superfine powder 5 (1310.67 nm) was prepared by superfine grinding, all the particle sizes presented normal distribution. Results showed that Eucommia ulmoides leaf powders have smaller size, greater bulk density and smaller angle of repose. The water solubility index values, water holding capacity value and oil binding capacity value were significantly improved as the size decreases. Furthermore, biological microscopy revealed the surface morphology of five powders. FT-IR analysis showed the nature of Eucommia ulmoides leaves unchanged. These results showed that the physicochemical and functional properties of Eucommia ulmoides leaves can be improved by superfine grinding, which would be more suitable for the development of functional compounds than native Eucommia ulmoides leaves.
Effects of a marine diatom Skeletonema costatum extract on Luminescence disease causing Vibrio harveyi during penaeus monodon larviculture
Authors: Sivakumar Krishnamoorthy , Kannappan Sudalayandi
Published: March 2021

The crude extract of Skeletonema costatum obtained through cold extraction method was characterized for its phytochemicals, using FTIR and GC-MS. The antagonism of S. costatum extract was tested against Vibrio harveyi, its various virulence factors, and also tested against Vibrio harveyi during Penaeus monodon larviculture. S. costatum extract, controlled the growth of V. harveyi. The zones of inhibition were 12.6 ± 0.2, 6.6 ± 0.1 and 3.7 ± 0.1 mm at 300, 200 and 100 μg, respectively. The production of bio-luminescence was also reduced to 10.0, 11.0, 20.0, 25.0 CPS. The extract contained fatty acids such as 16-octadecanoic acid (48.05%) and pentadecanoic acid (18.94%) as evidenced by GC-MS. S. costatum extract revealed various compounds viz., alcohols, phenols, etc, which are responsible for controlling V. harveyi and virulence factors. During P. monodon larviculture, S. costatum extract at 200 μg/ml showed reduction (p < 0.05) in the cumulative percentage of mortality caused by V. harveyi (35.20 ± 0.6%) as compared to control (76.30 ± 0.8%). It can be concluded that S. costatum extract may be used to control disease-causing V. harveyi during shrimp larviculture.
Seed storage protein electrophoretic profile among popular cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Hayee Sadia Abdul , Rizwan Sabeena , Sajjad Ashif , Jabeen Uzma , Bashir Farrukh , Mushtaq Ayesha , Behli Fareeda , Anjum Shaista , Ismail Tariq , Hafeez Irfan
Published: March 2021

Evaluation of the seed storage protein electrophoretic profile among popular cultivars of date palm (Pheonix dactylifera) available in different regions of Balochistan, Pakistan was conducted. The genetic diversity of seed proteins of 12 cultivars were examined by electrophoresis. Twenty one protein bands with different mobility rates were identified within a molecular weight range of 11 to 351 KDa. The cultivar from Panjgur (Soorri) was well resolved on SDS-PAGE from the all other cultivars and gave the highest number of intense bands due to unique genetic build up. Genetic diversity among cultivars was evaluated by constructing the dendrogram for protein bands, which showed the cultivar (SP1) which is significantly different from all other cultivars on the basis of similarities in molecular weight of proteins.
Adverse effects of nitrogenous compounds on nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena solitaria Klebahn
Authors: El Semary Nermin Adel
Published: March 2021

The nitrogen-fixing heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena solitaria was tested for its response to different concentrations of nitrogen sources, namely nitrate and ammonia. To compare both the effect of concentration and type of nitrogen source, gradual concentrations were prepared for both ammonia and nitrate. The results showed concentration was significantly important on the frequency of heterocyst formation where highest nitrogen compounds concentrations were inhibitory for heterocyst formation. On the other hand, the effect of the type of nitrogenous compounds tested was insignificant which only proves that they are equally usable by cyanobacteria which will use them instead of transforming one of its cells to heterocyst thus not performing nitrogen fixation. Results also revealed the massive growth of heterotrophic bacteria in presence of nitrogenous compounds. This indicates that the presence of nitrogenous compounds in fields in which nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are to be used as biofertilizers can be inhibitory for nitrogen fixation and stimulatory for heterotrophic bacterial growth which could be pathogenic and harmful to plants. The use of more nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria with the minimum amount of nitrogenous compounds is recommended.
Effects of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth, flowering and yield of China aster (Callistephus chinensis L. Nees var. Kamini)
Authors: Marak Bidanchi S , Kumar Sunil , Momin Kalkame CH
Published: March 2021

Effects of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth, flowering and yield of China aster (Callistephus chinensis) var. kamini was investigated. The experiment with 12 treatment combinations comprising of FYM, vermicompost and bio-fertilizers viz., phosphate solublising bacteria (PSB) and Azospirillum was conducted. All the treatment combinations showed significant response in vegetative, flowering and yield characters during the entire investigation. The treatment combinations of Azospirillum + PSB + vermicompost + 50% RDF was found to be promising for maximum plant height (63.97 cm), plant spread (21.50 cm), stem girth (15.47 mm), number of primary branches per plants (12.33), number of secondary branches per plants (22.14), enhanced flower bud emergence (73.33 days), stalk length (32.20 cm), number of flowers per plant (24.35), flower diameter (46.18 mm), prolonged flower duration (23.05 days), flower yield (18.87 q/ha) and seed yield (2.44 q/ha) were on par with Azospirillum + PSB + FYM + 50% RDF.
Antimicrobial effects of Verbascum thapsus L. leaf extracts
Authors: Khan Wajid , Ullah Rizwan , Wahab Zainul , Uddin Muhammad Nazir
Published: March 2021

Antimicrobial activity of leaves of Verbascum thapsus L. using different extractions solvents was evaluated. Extracts were prepared and tested against different bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus atrophaeus, Salmonella typhi, Citrobacter freundii and fungal species (Alternaria solani, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus). Disc and well diffusion assays were used for screening antibacterial and antifungal potential of extracts. The ethyl acetate extract produced the maximum zone of inhibition (70% ZI) against K. pneumoniae at 3000 μg/disc. Methanol extracts formed 68% ZI against S. typhi, 54% ZI against A. tumefacian and 50% ZI against C. freundii, respectively at 3000 μg/disc respectively. Against the fungal species, the methanol extract was effective and formed maximum zone of inhibition (50% ZI) against A. solani at 3000 μg/well. Hexane extract was moderately active against bacterial species but inactive against tested fungal species. T. rubrum was resistant and none of the tested extracts affected its growth.
Flower color digitizing and pigment distribution in garden pansy
Authors: Du Xiaohua , Liu Miaomiao , Zhu Xiaopei , Liu Huichao
Published: March 2021

The garden pansy (Viola × wittrockiana) is a large hybrid flower and most popular for its abundant flower colors. The flower colors of 12 pansy accessions were measured by using colorimeter and the pigments distribution within their petal cells were investigated. The result indicated a vast majority of the visual color of flower was consistent with the result surveyed by colorimeter in pansy. The pigments were mainly distributed in the upper and dorsal epidermal cells and most of them show the similar colors to those measured using colorimeter. The red pigment was found to be distributed in the visual blue petals and yellowish brown or khaki pigment in visual white petals. The results suggested the flower color of pansy can be objectively and accurately measured with colorimeter, and investigating pigment color and distribution in petals can help understanding pansy flower color better.
Comparison of different cytological parameters of three species of Ocimum
Authors: Biswas Trayee , Mukhopadhyay Sandip
Published: March 2021

Karyomorphological analysis of three species of the genus Ocimum (O. basilicum L., O. americanum L. and O. tenuiflorum L.) was carried out. Gross chromosome morphology of these species are nearly sub metacentric (Sm), nearly metacentric (m) and metacentric (M) in nature. The high values of mean chromosome length, total chromosome length of O. americanum followed by O. basilicum show their primitiveness. Whereas, lower values of these parameters in O. tenuiflorum denotes evolved nature of the species. All the three species of Ocimum showed high values of total forma percentage (TF%) in conjunction with low coefficient of variation (CV), which corresponds to the primitive status in the evolution of flowering plants and was placed in 3A class of Stebbins’ system, indicating the presence of symmetrical karyotype in them. Karyotyping along with UPGMA based dendrogram analysis clearly separated O. basilicum L. and O. americanum L. in one cluster and O. tenuiflorum L. in a separate cluster with greater Euclidian distance.