bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of feeding levels on growth performance and food conversion of Acanthopagrus arabicus cultivated in concrete tanks at Basrah province
Authors: Yesser Abdul-Karim T. , Al-Faiz Nawras A. , Hussein Sadek A.
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of various feeding levels (3%, 5% and 7% body weight/ day) on final weight, weight gain, specific and daily growth rates as well as food conversion rate of Arabian yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus arabicus. The experiment were executed in three concrete tanks (1m3) and extended 60 days. Results reveal significant differences (P>0.05) of final weight, weight gain, specific and daily growth rates at different feeding levels. Final weight attain 61.9, 63.25 and 61.65gm in feeding levels 3, 5, 7% body weight, respectively. The best food conversion rate showed that feed conversion rate value (4.677) was encountered at the feeding level 3% body weight followed by feeding ratio 5% (7.654) where as the lower food conversion rate (11.018) was found at the feeding level 7% body weight, Statistical analysis proved significant differences (P<0.05) in food conversion rates among selected feeding levels.
Propagation of water hyssop ( Bacopa monnieri L.) in vitro
Authors: AL-Arady Haleemah J. , Saleh Ansam M. , M. Khaun A. , Al-Zewar Jihad M.
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to examine the ability of propagation of water hyssop Bacopa monnieri L. in vitro. To induce callus, two auxin , NAA and 2,4-D are used. They showed the highest percentage of 93% callus induction when 1.5 mg .l -1 was used for both. The induced callus was distinguished by its white compact color containing a lot of nodes. After that another treatment with 3 mg . l -1 2,4-D was conducted to score 85% , the callus was compact yellow. The treatment by 3 mg/l -1 NAA scored 53%. The callus was yellow and soft, where as the callus was not induced by hormones free treatment. The effect of cytokines on the formation of vegetative buds was also examined in this study. The results showed that the interaction between treatment by (0.5 mg .l -1) of BA and (0.5 mg.l -1) KN was significantly increased in the number of the vegetative buds; the number was 40 vegetative buds. Then another treatment followed (0.5 mg . l -1) BA, the interaction of (0.5 mg.l -1) BA, KN and NAA and (0.5 mg. l -1) of KN to form (14.7, 10.3, 10.0) vegetative buds respectively. The control treatment scored 2.5 vegetative buds to show a significant increase in the length of the vegetative buds (15.33 cm) followed by the treatment of the interaction between (0.5 mg .l -1) BA and KN to score (13.00 cm) and the treatment of (0.5 mg.l -1) BA , (8.33 cm). The interaction between (0.5 mg. l-1) of BA, KN and NAA, (6.67 cm). The length of the vegetative buds was (4.67 cm) in the treatment by (0.5 mg.l -1) KN. The plants were acclimatized then transformed into the water field successfully.
Fisheries and stock assessment of shilig, Leuciscus vorax Heckel, 1843 in East Hammar marsh, Southern Iraq
Authors: Mutlak Falah M. , Mohamed A. R. M. , Hussein Sadiq A.
Published: March 2023

The fisheries and stock assessment of shilig Leuciscus vorax (Aspius vorax) the in East Hammar marsh, which is the first study to assess this species in southern Iraq. A total of 5751 specimens was collected by several fishing gears for a period of January in 2009 until May in 2010. Total lengths of L. vorax were ranged from 3.7 to 55.6 cm was as total length. The species constituted 6.4% from the total catch by seine net and the catch rate ranged from 0.84 kg/hr in May 2009 to 3.33 kg/hr in January 2010 and rate 2.01 kg/hr. The length-weight relationship obtained was W= 0.0068 x L3.0425. The fish stock was assessed by lengths, frequency technique using FiSAT program. Growth, mortality parameters and exploitation rate estimated were: L∞= 65.1 cm, K= 0.22, Z= 0.96, M= 0.5, F= 0.46, E= 0.48, E0.1= 0.411 and Emax= 0.52. Recruitment pattern of the species exhibited single pulse modal contributed 45% of the total recruits for the period April-September with a peak during June-August. The mature individuals of L. vorax were exposed to fishing before the spawning season in Eastern Al-Hammar marsh, because the value Lc (18.3 cm) is lower than Lm (21.5 cm). Therefore, this study suggests increasing the mesh size and regulating the fishing effort.
Bioaccumulation for some heavy metals in organs of Lethrinus nebulosus and concentrations in water and sediment Iraqi marine water
Authors: Al-Najar Ghassan  Adnan , Al-Faiz Nawras A. , Al-Noor Jalal M.
Published: March 2023

The concentrations of heavy metals (iron, copper, nickel, lead and cobalt) were studied in many organs (muscle, liver, gonads and gills) of Lethrinus nebulosus fish hunted from the Iraqi marine waters, as well as, the water and sediments of the area. Metals concentration were measured by Flame atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest values were recorded for iron 286.65 μg /g (dry weight) and the least concentration was for lead 1.74 μg /g (dry weight), nickel , copper and cobalt recorded (6.29, 9.89 and 19.71) μg /g (dry weight) respectively. Results showed that fish body parts that accumulated the metals were as follows: gills, liver, gonads and muscle, whereas the sequence of metals in fish body was as follows: iron, cobalt, copper, nickel and lead, whereas the sequence of metals according to season were: summer, spring, winter, autumn, winter. The results showed that the highest heavy metals concentrations of the sediment in winter was1250.98 65 μg /g (dry weight), while the lowest concentrations of heavy metals in water, was for lead and nickel 0.43 and 0.18 μg /L respectively, and in iron, cobalt and copper 4.11, 3.93 and 3.38 μg /L respectively.
Effect of diets contains different rates of Fish Protein Concentrates on the Growth Rates of Carp Fingerlings Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Al-Hassoon Ahmed Shihab
Published: March 2023

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of different ratios of fish protein concentrates (FPC), recovered by using salt solution (pure NaCl) 1% & 2% concentrate , on the growth and survival rates of carp fingerlings Cyprinus carpio L., three treatments had been made, A1& A2 contains the two made FPC and the third A3 contain commercial FPC, the three diets used in feeding 90 fish distributed on 9 plastic containers with capacity of 25 L., with three replicates for each treatment, 10 fingerlings were put in each replicate. The rates of relative growth, specific growth, food conversion were measured, it shows that A1 was the best treatment in the measurements, 76.87%, 1.854%, 2.375 respectively and A2 shows best survival rate 95%. Moreover the results shows significant differences (p< o.o5) between the treatments.
Extraction and identification of Carnosines from Alkhshni Fish Liza abu L. by using different techniques
Authors: Ali Rawdha Mahmood , AL-Mossawi Aum-El-Bashar H. J. , Mohammed Lena Samer
Published: March 2023

Carnosines were extracted from alkhshni fish Liza abu L. by using alcohol and water separation,Carnosines were identificated in several ways including spectroscopy identification using UV-visible and Fourier Transform infrared spectrophotometer technology and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), spectral diagnostics using Ultraviolet-visible (UV) carnosines single peak showed at 215 nm wavelength and at diagnosis High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) retention time stood for standard carnosines 2.532 and author carnosines separated from 2.614 minutes alcoholic carnosines and 2.625 minutes aqueous carnosines, after undetecting the detection of toxicity assay of carnosines prepared on human blood serum and there have been no changes in its shape and appearance.
The use of treated wastewater in Barbus xanthopterus and Ctenopharyngdon idella larvae culture
Authors: Alkatrani Layla Mustafa A.A. , Yesser Abdulkareem Taher
Published: March 2023

Larvae of Luciobarbus xanthopterus and Ctenopharyngdon idella were cultured in ponds with treated wastewater in marine science center by adding 20 larvae to each pond in a replicate to each species as well as the control ponds to the two species. Experiment was expend to six weeks depending on the natural food available in the pond. While standard artificial diet was add to the control ponds. Some biological measurements were done including length and weight rates, weight increase and daily weight increase, relative and specific growth rates and survival rates. Results showed a clear excellence of treated wastewater ponds in all biological measurements from the control ponds at the tow species. Larvae of L. xanthopterus showed a length and weight rates, weight increase and daily weight increase and survival rates higher than C. Idella which were (4.41 ± 0.04) cm, (0.35 ± 0.06) gm, (0.322 ± 0.005) gm, (0.008 ± 0.0002) gm/day and (91.67 ± 2.89) % respectively, while C. Idella showed relative and specific growth rates higher than L. xanthopterus larvae which were (3790.40 ± 877.88) % and (8.85 ± 0.56) %gm/day respectively. The study showed that the use of treated wastewater in L. xanthopterus and C. Idella larvae culture was excellent and rise the growth and survival rates of these larvae.
Use the mud crab Chiromentes boulengeri (Calmen,1920) as bioindicator to pollution in Shat Al-Arab River by Heavy Matels
Authors: Altaee Anaam M. , Yesser Abdul Kareem T. , Akbar Manal M.
Published: March 2023

The mud crab Chiromentes boulengeri (Calmen,1920) were used as bioindicator to pollution in Shatt Al- Arab River by heavy metals (Co, Cu, Cd,Ni, Fe, Mn, Pb(, two stations were choosen, Al-Salhia (possibly polluted area) and Karmat Ali (possibly least polluted area), the study shows remarkable increase in heavy metals concentration in the tissue of mud crab in the possible polluted area (Al- Salhia) as those cpmared with least polluted area (Karmat Ali). Remarkable increase in metabolic enzymes (ALT, AST and CK) in the hemolemph of mud crab inhabiting Salhia compared with Karmmat Ali, the levels of metabolic enzymes noted to be altered with increase of most of heavy metals in water and sediments, this lead to the conclusions that the metabolic enzymes can possibly used as physiological indicator to pollution by heavy metals and the mub crab possibly used as bioindicator for monitoring program of water pollution in Shatt Al- Arab River.
Towards a sustainable development strategy Fisheries sector in Arab Republic of Egypt (A proposed economic study)
Authors: El- Safty Mohamed Fawzy , Mostafa Doaa Ahmed Awad
Published: March 2023

The amount of annual change in the total quantity of Egyptian fish production from various sources about 11.45 tons, with an annual growth rate of approximately 1.1% of the annual average of about 1000.9 tons during the study period (2001-2015). The amount of annual change in the volume of consumption of fish in Egypt during the same study period of about 0.65 tons, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.1% of the annual average of about 1185.4 thousand tons. The amount of annual change in the average per capita consumption of fish in Egypt during the same study period of about 0.02 kg/year, with an annual growth rate of about 0.12% of the annual average of about 16.3 kg/year. The amount of annual change in the self-sufficiency rate of fish in Egypt during the study period of about 0.55% with an annual growth rate of about 0.7% of the annual average of about 84.5%. The amount of annual change in the volume of exports of fish in Egypt during the study period of about 0.01 tons, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.2% of the annual average of about 5.2 tons. The amount of annual change in the evolution of the volume of imports of fish in Egypt during the study period of about 0.45 tons, with an annual growth rate of about 0.24% of the annual average of about 189.5 million tonnes
Some reproductive aspects of cartilaginous fish Raja clavataL., 1758(Elasmobranchii: Rajidae) from Syrian coast
Authors: Saad Adib , Amin Asaad , Alkusairy Hasan H. , Sabour Waad J.
Published: March 2023

This study was performed on Thornback ray (Raja clavata L., 1758) through the period January 2013 - October 2014. It aimed to determine the reproductive cycle , fecundity and to determine median disc width at maturity (DW50 ) of this species. A total of 193 specimens, 107 females and 86 males were studiedfrom the Syrian coast. Median sizes (DW50) and (TL50) at maturity were estimated as DW50 = 333 mm, TL50 = 480 mm for males and DW50 = 406 mm, TL50 = 575 mm for females. This species posses a continuous reproductive cycle around the year in Syria marine waters. Fecundity was estimated between 87.7 and 175.4 egg cases per year.
A diagnostic of two species of of Odonata nymph Ischnura evansi (Morton) 1919 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) and Anax prathenope(Seyls) 1839 (Odonata: Aeschidae) In Basra province
Authors: Jabbar AlAA S. , Abdulqader Ayad A. , Darweesh Haider Shaker
Published: March 2023

The research includes the diagnosis of two species of Odonata nymph Ischnura evansi (Morton, 1919), which belongs to the Coenagrionidae family, the Zygoptera, the Anax prathenope (seyls) of the Aeschnidae family, and the Anisoptera order of Odonata in Basrah province. The study included the diagnosis and definition of the two species under study and the description included most important taxonomic parts of the head, thorax and abdomen.
Effect of Oil Spills Dispersant (OSD Green) Upon Tilapia Zilli
Authors: Khalaf Manal K. , Beden Mazin A. , Aziz Nijim M.
Published: March 2023

General Company for Ports of Iraq used (OSD Green) as a dispersant of oil. This type of dispersant has been tested fortoxicity and effect on aquatic environment. The tests were occurred on (Tilapia) fish by applying different concentration ofdispersant (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and1500 mg/l) to identify its toxicity and impact on Tilapia fish. It was found the lethalconcentration is (300mg/l). Fish activity has been studied under sub lethal concentration and their effect on fish stress, based on the gills and fins movement. This type of dispersion treatment should be avoided unless critical situation as it’s harmful foraquatic environment and fish.
Effects of temperature and tank color on post larvae release and survival of freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense
Authors: Abbas Ashwaq T. , Ghazi Abdul-Hussein H. , Al–Noor Sajed S.
Published: March 2023

Berried females of Macrobrachium nipponense were incubated under four different temperatures (20,23,26 and 28 ºC) and two types of tanks with different background coloration (dark and transparent tanks) to determine the best larval release and the post larvae survival were observed. The results show best larval release were 124 ind./L achieved at 26 ºC at dark color tanks, while 68 ind. / L larvae were released at the transparent color tank at the same temperature, while only 16 ind./L were released from berried females incubated at 20 ºC at dark color tanks and 6 ind./L at the transparent tanks. The best survival of larvae was 80 % at 23 ºC at dark color tanks and 75 % at transparent color tanks. Four stages for eggs development were discriminated based on color, size and eyes.
أمراض الأسماك المستزرعة في محافظة البصرة، العراق للأعوام 2014 و 2015 و 2016
Authors: جاسم عبدالامير رحيم
Published: March 2023

During this study, 95 disease cases were recorded, 40 of

them were due to the bacterial gill disease, 29 due to the

skin ulcer disease, 14 due to the intestine inflammatory

disease and nine cases of Asian tapeworm Schyzocotyle

acheilognathi, one case each of acidity disease, high

ammonia disease and fin rot. Health problems were

recorded in 71 fish farms for the three years in an

epidemiological or mass infections which included 46

pond farms with a total area of 310 dunam (0.25 ha) and

15 fish farms with a total of 139 cages and a total area of

1733.2 m2. Infected farms that adopt closed and semiclosed systems

were 10 farms with a total area of 1233.2m2.

Death rates were different. The highest incidence of

disease (52 cases) was recorded in 2016. Cases were

described, the causes of the diseases and the results were

recorded based on the chronological sequence of each

case, type of infection and method of fish farming.
Effect of Magnetized water on the growth of the common carp Cyprinus carpio (L., 1758)
Authors: Jabir Amir Abdullah
Published: March 2023

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L., 1758), fry were  used with 0.19 g average weight to estimate the effects of magnetized treated water on fish growth and survival , The experiment was carried out with two treatment and control, 500 fish  fi h were  randomly distributed at 100 fry fish per replicate per( T1 )and( T2 ) and one replicate for  control. Magnetized treated water was used for a period of 24 hours with a magnetized intensity of 1000 gauss in the first treatment, and 1500 gauss in the second treatment. The experiment continued from April to end of June2016. The temperature of the water during the experiment period was ranged 25.9- 27.8 ° C, and oxygen level ranged between (4.8 – 7.1) mg / L. magnetization system was operating 24 hours a day. YSI some environmental factors such as water salinity, pH and water temperature were measured using YSI. Fish were fed twice a day, with 10% of the total weight of fish, with a total protein content of 37%. The gain weight obtained after eight weeks was 1.27±0.049g in (T2), 1.13±0.021g in (T1), while the highest weight in the control treatment reached 0.92±0.007g. The mean of gain weight in the reared fish in (T1) for eight weeks feeding period was 1.10 ± 0.77 g. and in the treatment of 1000 gauss was 0.96 ± 0.67 g, while the mean of gain weight in the control treatment was 0.96 ± 0.53 g. common carp survival rate reared in magnetic water varied under the influence of different magnetic intensities within eight weeks. It was found that the highest survival rate was under the influence of the magnetic intensity of 1500 gauss which was 93%, and the percentage of surviving under magnetic intensity 1000 gauss was 82%, while in the control treatment, it was 45%.
Nutrients loads at Shatt Al-Arab river in Basrah city, Iraq
Authors: Alhello Abdulzahra  A. , Talal Ammar  A. , Abdulrasool Raghad  M.
Published: March 2023

The study included the nitrates, phosphates loads and some properties of water quality in the Shatt Al-Arab River at Basra city center . There were used to identifying the state of water and nutrient movement in this part of the River starting from the Shilha location north of Al-Hartha to ​​Al-Bahadriyah north of Abu Al-Khasib, which represents the section that contains dense human  population at Basra city center. Fourteen sampling stations were selected within the study area during the summer and winter periods, as well as during the morning and evening at the same day.

The study showed that the phosphate and nitrate salts have not transfer out of this river section. Also there were no significant impact of the side river branches on the water quality of the Shatt al-Arab River because of the low discharges from these branches compared to discharge of the main Shatt al-Arab River.
Density and Relativity Abundance of the Prawn and Shrimps in Al-Hammar and Al-Chibayish Marshes of Southern Iraq
Authors: Jodha Rawan Dawood , Hamza Haifa Ali
Published: March 2023

The current study was conducted to calculate the annual Occurrence, monthly density and relative abundance of the Metapenaeus affinis. The samples were collected monthly for the period from October 2017 to September 2018. Some environmental factors such as temperature of water and air, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity were measured.    We obtained 7 types of shrimp belonging to three families in the Al-Burka station   and the Al Sabbaghia Station  , which are 7 species, all of which belong to the Division of arthropods and crustaceans, the first family:  Penaeidae is a banyan family that includes Metapeneaus affinis, Penaeus semisulcatus, Family: Atyidae, include Caridina babaulti basrensis , Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica and Family: Palamonidae includes Exopalaemon styliferus, Palaemon elegans and Macrobrachium nipponense divided into four categories according to the  Yearly Occurrence Resident, Fluctuated, Occasional, Rare  .

   The monthly density of each species of shrimp was calculated and the range was: for Metapenaeus affinis 0-325.85 Ind./ m² and Penaeus semisulacatus 0-5.32 Ind./ m²  and Caridina babaulti basrensis 0-111.72 Ind./ m²  Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica 0-679.63 Ind./ m²  Exopalaemon styliferus 0-23.94 Ind./ m² Palaemon elegans 0-19.95 Ind./m² Macrobrachium nipponense 0-55.86 Ind./ m² .

   The highest density  in the Al-Burka station for Metapeneaus affinis    to 2600.15 Ind./ m²  The Lowest density for Penaeus semisulacatus   to 9.31 Ind./ m²   and the highest density in the Al Sabbaghia Station for cardinia babaulti basrensis  to 320.53 Ind./ m² and the lowest density for Exopalaemon styliferu at 3.99 Ind./ m²  and The total density of the Al-Burka station in the east Al-Hammar Marsh was higher than the. Al Sabbaghia Station In Chabaish Marsh .

    The monthly abundance of shrimp was calculated as Metapenaeus affinis 0-100%, Penaeus semisulacatus 0-1.87 %, Caridina babaulti basrensis 0-93.33 %, Atyaephyra desmaresti mesopotamica 0-100 %, Exopalaemon styliferus 0-27.27% ,Palaemon elegans 0- 26.66 % , Macrobrachium nipponense 0-73.33 %.

. The results of the statistical analysis showed a positive relationship between abundance and water temperature, pH and salinity and showed significant differences between abundance and acuityP< 0.007 between sovereignty and mean P< 0.018 The correlation coefficient was positive between abundance and (temperature water, pH , Salinity and acacia) and the correlation coefficient between abundance and dissolved oxygen.
The use of NDVI and SPI values in the study of the Drought coefficient of Northern Arabian Gulf region
Authors: Al-Rubaye Aymen A.L.K.
Published: March 2023

The study was conducted in the northern Arabian Gulf region using monthly rainfall data for the period 2003-2010 to calculate the SPI and a series of annual MODIS images for April of the same year for the calculation of NDVI. Changes in NDVI values were associated with changes in SPI values. The statistical study confirmed a strong and significant correlation between the SPI and NDVI indices at all stations and the highest value was recorded at Boubyan station (0.91). The values of NDVI in the study stations fluctuated with the changes in the annual intervals. The results also indicated the relationship strength and significant between rainfall and the NDVI index and the highest correlation strength at Abadan station (0.88). Based on the results of drought severity classification based on SPI values, the results showed that the study area was characterized by severe drought at most stations and most of the study period, especially in 2007 and 2008, and the lowest in 2003. The results of the study demonstrate the need to use this tool (NDVI) in relation to the SPI index to identify problem areas and thus formulate practical management decisions.
The influence of salinity increasing on the fish communities in the east of Al-Hammar marsh- southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Najjar Ghassan, A.
Published: March 2023

The study included the effect of the advancement of the saline front on the composition of the fish catchment of the East Hamar marsh for the period from January 2018 to December 2018. Three stations were chosen, namely Harir, Al-Salal and Al-Baraka. 27673 individuals caught the first and second stations together, of which 9178 marine individuals and the rest of us are river fish. As for the third station, it collected 21,741 individuals, of which 5021 were marine individuals, as the total number of species reached 35 species for the two stations of silk and sila, including 21 marine species and 14 river types were obtained 20 species in the third station. The pond, of which 7 are marine, and 13 river species. The Minnows Thryssa whiteheadi showed dominance in the first station, whereas Poecilia latipinna was in second place, and the family of tilapia Cichlidae formed the third position in the arrangement. As for the second and third stations, sovereignty of a family Cichlidae tilapia as recorded A noticeable increase in the numbers of yellow guilt Acanthopagrus arabicus and Liza klunzingeri Al Bayha fish. The high salinity levels have led to the disappearance of freshwater fish, especially local fish.
Cost of respiration energy in the larvae of Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel,1843 larvae artificially hatched in Basrah, Iraq.
Authors: Ahmed Huda K. , Mohammed Hanaa H. , Al-Mukhtar Mustafa A. , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

Artificial breeding of the native fish Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel was conducted for the first time in Basrah at the Marine Science Center's hatchery (2009). We studied energy costs of the metabolic rate of the larval phase, during the period of 45 days, via the experimental laboratory measurements of the oxygen consumption rate at three temperatures 22, 26, 30 (C◦) coincided with the ambient water temperature in the rearing tanks (22.0-29.0 C◦). Direct significant (P < 0.05) positive linear correlations was estimated between time in days and both temperature (Y1) and fresh weight (Y2) of the larvae.Y1 = 0.0804 X +22.922 , R2 0.77, P < 0.05Y2 = 1.2783 X -4.985 , R2 0.90, P < 0.05The rate of oxygen consumption varied from 0.799 mg O2/ ind./d of the mass group (9.58) at 22 C◦, to 39. 36 mg O2 / ind./d of the mass group (35.0 mg) at 26 C◦, and declined to 29.16 mg O2/ ind./d of the mass group (35.0 mg) at 30 C◦, and the mass specific O2 consumption rate (metabolic rate M) varied from 3.170 mg O2/mg/d. to 1.121 mg O2/ mg/d and declined to 0.8304 mg O2/mg/d for the three groups respectively. The energy cost as estimated in cal./mg/d were varied from 2.27 for the period 1-5 days of their life to 1.056 cal./mg/d at the period 40-45 days of their life, and the daily energy costs of one larva was varied from 9.012 cal. during (1-5 days) to 43.041 cal. during days 35-40 of their life, the estimated values represent the routine metabolic rate level (RMR).
Evaluation the impact of saltwater intrution on Aquaculture in Shatt Al-Arab, Basra, Iraq
Authors: Al-Edany B.T. , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

The study made an evaluation to the effects of saltwater intrution in the Shatt Al-Arab river on the fish culture activites. Data reveals noticeable increase of investment in fresh water carp fish culture during the years 2009, 2010 and the next years. The documents of Basrah Agriculture Directerate indicated that 48 earthern ponds of an area nearly 3778 Acres were licensed and furthermore, nearly 380 floating fish cage farms were licensed about 26120 m2 area which represents the actual worked 1277 cages. However, the approved number of given licensed farms were 514 farms with at least 16 cages to each farm, which potentially can be invested a water area nearly 98688 m2, calculated to a cage of 4 x 3 x 2 (m2) dimentions. The total estimated production of earthern ponds was 3778–4723 t. annually, and that of floating cages farms was 3266–7800 t. annually. The total financial income of fish production in Basra proviance is estimated to be about 26133–35883 billion Iraqi dinar and more than 3000 persons were involved in the sector of fishculture and fisheries. The acute successive increases of salinity that Shatt Al-Arab river experienced, particularly during 2018 were caused large fish mortality and many fish farms were closed and have had very negative effects on the fish sector in Basrah proviance.
Referential analysis of discharge and salinity data in Shatt Al-Arab River
Authors: Al-Mahmood Hassan Khaleel H.
Published: March 2023

The space-time changes of waters could be considered the basis for research in in applied hydrology. The purpose of this science is to develop scientific and logical explanations of hydrological changes and to gain an understanding of the interrelationships between them.The present study aims at developing a database of river discharge and salinity concentration in the Shatt Al-Arab river (i.e., for selected sites) and the research was based on analysis of previous reference data and research measures that included data recorded for discharge volume and water quality during the period from 1978 to 2017 to reveal change in water nutrition size and effects in salinity.The study showed a link between the two rivers' running system, the amount of Shatt al Arab discharge and the quality of its water with the emergence of a temporal effect of the Karon River in the southern part of the stream, a link between decreasing discharge and salinity, changing salinity does not take a single pattern in all locations or periods studied, and water discharge gradually showed a decrease after the 1990s, and continued to reach its peak during the two years (2008-2009 and 2014-2015),The study recommends the quantity and quality of water coming to Shatt al-Arab should be continuously reinforced, evaluation plans should be made from time to time, and hydraulic systems placed on some of the entrances of Shatt al-Arab.
Use of moringa, Moringa oleifera leaf meal as partial replacement of soybean meal in common carp feed
Authors: Al-Dubakel Adel Y. , Taher Majid M.
Published: March 2023

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the replacement of soybean meal with moringa, Moringa oleifera (Author's name and year)  leaf meal (MLM) in the formulated diet of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Eight aquaria, two for each treatment, were used for the current experiment conducted at the Laboratory of Live Food- Aquaculture Unit- Agriculture College. Four treatments which were control (C) (0% MLM), T1 (5% MLM), T2 (10% MLM) and T3 (15% MLM) were used in feeding common carp. This experiment lasted 56 days and fishes were fed six days a week using 5% of fish weights as feeding ratio. Statistical analysis of weight increments and daily growth rate proved that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) between T3 and other treatments, while there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between C and both T1 & T2. Best feed conversion rate (3.13) achieved by fishes fed on feed with 5% moringa leaf meal (T1), while the worst feed conversion rate (7.50) was achieved by fishes fed on feed with 15% moringa leaf meal (T3). In conclusion that better growth and feed conversion rate achieved by fishes fed on feed with 5% moringa leaf meal and increasing the ratio in the feed will affect adversely the results.
Saltwater intrusion in the Shatt Al-Arab River and aquaculture losses: A case study in the Seeba farms in Basrah; Southern Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Arafat R. , Hameed Tariq
Published: March 2023

The data of the current study were collected in 2019 to document the financial losses caused to al-Seeba Farms that are engaged in carp farming by the saltwater intrusion in the Shatt al-Arab River in 2009. The farms are situated in Basrah Governorate, Southern Iraq. The study relied on information obtained from farm owners and the data gathered from agricultural departments in the study areas associated with the Basrah Directorate of Agriculture. The study showed that project inputs were huge in terms of the loan given by the government (2 billion, four hundred and seven million Iraqi dinars in addition to twenty-five million two hundred fifty-thousand dinars (total cost of purchasing carp fish from the hatchery). In addition to the cost of purchasing sinking pellets, which is estimated at four hundred twenty-one million, three hundred and twenty-one thousand dinars.The project did not produce any output because of the intrusion of saltwater. The study included a comparison of the Seeba project which has 29 farms with two other fish farms in the Al-Faw district for marine fish species. These two farms in the Al-Faw district have resulted in profits of 37 million Iraqi dinars per season.The Al-Seeba project for fish farming represents one of the repeated failures in fish farming in the governorate, which is due to the saltwater intrusion and other reasons such as the absence of special expertise in the study of economic feasibility, environmental impact, planning, and management. The success of the two farms in Al-Fao encourages investment in this field, which is raising marine fish in the Shatt Al-Arab River in locations near the river’s estuary. It is important to establish marine fish hatcheries to ensure the sustainability of the project and protect the ecological balance.
The effect of environmental factors on the occurrence and densities of immature stages of Anopheles stephensi (Liston, 1901) and A.pulcherrimus (Theobald, 1902) mosquitoes in Basra city.
Authors: Marzoq Muna K. , Kareem Dhia K.
Published: March 2023

The study included collecting monthly samples of the aquatic stage of Anopheles mosquitoes for the period from January 2009 to December 2010 for a number of permanent and temporary stations in Basra city, which included the areas of Al-Faw, Abu Al-Khasib, Shatt Al-Arab, Karma Ali, Al-Sweib and Al-Madina. A range of environmental factors was measured, such as water temperature, salinity, and pH and dissolved oxygen. The monthly changes for a full year showed the effect of these factors on the presence and density of immature stage, so the water of the fixed five sample collection stations tended to be neutral to basic during most of the study period and that it had an oxygen content of 11.2 mg / liter and did not reach the critical limit at any time. The average water temperature ranged from 7.5 to 32.2 degrees, the salinity rates ranged between 2.5 and 5.3 parts per thousand. The results also showed a difference in the distribution and spread of these roles, so it appeared that individuals of the species A. stephensi were more present than the members of the species A.pulcherrimus in Basra city, where the eggs of the A. stephensi appeared in just five months, with a total of 6-25 eggs, and larvae were present in all the study months except for July, the study recorded its highest density in October 2009, which was 277.5 larvae / half liter of water, while the lowest density of 7 larvae / half liter of water was in August, and the virginity density ranged between 1.3-22 virgin / pint of water. Regarding the species A.pulcherrimus, the annual number of eggs ranged between 3-8 eggs, while the highest density of its larvae in March reached 163 larvae / half a liter of water, and the lowest density was recorded at 2/1 pint of water in June and August 2990, and it did not appear in July and September, the annual density of virgins ranged between 0.7 and 19 virgins per liter of water.
Molecular identification of new global isolate record of Brachionus calyciflorus named HH1
Authors: Hassan Hala F. , Al-Badran Adnan E. , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

This work was involved DNA extraction from cultured Brachionus calyciflorus subjected to PCR .The PCR reaction was performed with Brachionus calyciflorus which having identical sequences of 18S rDNA and recorded as a global isolates of Brachionus calyciflorus in the (NCBI of USA, ENA of Europe and DDBJ of Japan) with Genbank ID: KM191796.1.
An ecological study of Rotifera of the Southern Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Abbas Mohammed F.
Published: March 2023

At three stations of the Shatt Al-Arab River, the ecology of Rotifera was studied: the first Al-Ashar second Abul Khasib and the third Al-Fao. Seasonal horizontal hauls were taken by a plankton net of a mesh-size of 53-µm during 2013. Density of Rotifera fluctuated between 0-113.3 ind./L registered at all station. Eighteen taxa belonging to nine genera of Rotifera were encountered. Water temperature values ranged between 15 and 27.5 degrees Celsius, salinity values were registered 1.8-40 g/L, pH values ranged between 6.2 and 8.7, and the dissolved oxygen values ranged between 5.1 and 9.9 mg/L.  TDS values fluctuated between 1467 and 33590 mg/L, while the turbidity values ranged between 7.1 and 180.6 FTU. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS and CANOCO software.
Fish as pollution indicator with some heavy metals in the Iraqi seawater
Authors: Alhassoon Ahmed Sh. , Ibrahim Feryal H.
Published: March 2023

This study is concerned with the concentrates of heavy metals (Cd , Pb and Zn ) that is found in Lisa subviridis  fish, which were collected on April 2017 to September 2018, it is brought from the Iraqi seawater, samples of fish were dried by (Deep Freeze Drier), ash was estimated by furnace and then digested by Nitric acid, after digesting the samples were diluted and the above heavy metals were estimated by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, the results shows that the upper values of estimated heavy metals concentrates (Cd, Pb and Zn)  were recorded in August 2017 it was o.o48,0.062 and 0.042 mg/gm respectively, while Cd shows less recorded value in February 2018, Pb and Zn recorded less values in April and May 2018, it was 0.045 and 0.023 mg/gm respectively.
The Effect of Adding Beta-glucan Extracted From Bread yeast and barley bran on Inhibiting Microbial Population of Fish Patties at Cooling Storage Periods
Authors: Al-Jumaiee Shaymaa A.J. , Al-Manhel Alaa J.A. , Al- Hussainy Khadeeja S.J.
Published: March 2023

The Homopolysaccharide called beta-glucan was extracted from different sources, microbial source (baking yeast of Turkish origin) and vegetable source (brown barley bran) using the classical method and hot water method respectively. Results showed that the higher yield contents of β-glucan, which reached 5.95 % and 5.18 % were found in the baker’s yeast of Turkish origin and barley bran respectively,    The  β-glucan was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the result confirmed that the extracted glucan showed a high degree of similarity and purity as compared with the standard, The β-glucan was added to the fish patties at different ratio (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1) gm\25gm patties, and storage patties at 4 °C for 14 days.   Effect of addition of different levels of β-glucan from both sources on inhibition of the bacterial counts for  fish patties during storage (14 days) was studied, the total counts of  bacteria was decreased  with increasing the ratios of β-glucan up to 1%, the ability of  the extracted β-glucan from barley bran to inhibit the total bacterial count, psychrophilic bacteria and coliform bacteria was greater than that the extracted β-glucan from yeast.
Some phenotypic characteristics of the Hepu mitten crab, Eriocheir hepuensis Dai, 1991 (Grapsoidea: Brachyura), from Shatt Al-Arab
Authors: Jabbar Intisar M. A. , Najem Salah M. , Sultan Entesar N.
Published: March 2023

Some phenotypic characteristics of the Hepu mitten crabs, Eriocheir hepuensis, were studied, Eighty individuals of the crab males and females were collected from Shatt Al-Arab River. The width of the carapace ranged from 4.2-9.4 cm and 3.4-8.8 cm, and their wet weights ranged from 76.17-299.34 g and 92.27 199.27 g for males and females respectively. The study aims at finding the relationship between the carapace width and wet and dry weights, ash and organic matter as well as finding a relationship between the length of the chela and dry weights, ash and organic matter in the Shatt Al-Arab, as it is now possible to extract the length and width of the carapace without directly calculating them, but by relying on weight. The results showed high significant differences between the width of the carapace with wet and dry weights, ash and organic matter as well as a correlation between the length of cheliped with dry weight and the weight of ash and organic matter. It is noted that there is a strong to weak correlation at the probability level of 0.05 between cheliped length and dry weight ash and organic matter.
Aquatic insects: a review study for some biological and environmental aspects in Shatt Al- Arab and Southern Marshes of Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Huda Kadhim
Published: March 2023

Several studies have been conducted on aquatic insects in southern Iraq that included various taxonomic, biological and ecological aspects of the larval and adult stages in aquatic environments, which reflects their abundance and important role in the societies and ecosystems inhabited by them. They serve as adequate food for groups of predatory vertebrates and invertebrates. The studies included the environments of the Shatt al-Arab River and its branches, temporary and permanent ponds emanating from them, as well as some areas of the marshes. Aquatic insects play an important nutritional role, as many types of fish depend on them and form an important link for energy transfer from the bottom to the top in the food web because many types of them show a wide difference in their feeding habitats, so their importance lies in the interconnected ecosystems in creating an ecological balance within the rings of the food chain. The ability of aquatic insects to increase their reproduction rates make them excellent model for analyzing the structure and function of the freshwater ecosystem. Some of their species that spend part of their life in water have been used as ecological indicators in determining the state of aquatic environments and estimating environmental risks as they are greatly affected by the state of the environment in which they live. It is one of the most affected individuals in terms of surface water pollution.
Nutritional value of some commercial marine fishes
Authors: Al-Hamadany Qusay H. , Farnar Khalid W. , Jabir Amir A. , Al-Anber Luma J.
Published: March 2023

The study included a comparability of chemical composition and nutritional value of four economical fishes species from Iraqi costal waters northwestern of Arabian gulf: The species including Tenualosa ilisha, Acanthobagrus arabicus, Otoliths ruber and Planiliza subviridis. Samples brought from the local markets in Basra governance-southern of Iraq. Results shows that the moisture of fish`s muscles was recorded from 69.15 ± 0.91% to 76.83 ± 0.15%, protein was 16.93 ± 0.15 to 19.56 ± 0.83%, fat content was recorded from 1.64 ± 0.22 to 9.92 ± 0.51%, and ash from 1.81 ± 0.12 to 4.08 ± 0.08% . The statistical analysis shows that there was a significant differences (p < 0.05) between the four species in some of the chemical composition ratios above. The nutritional value of energy  recorded from 112.435 to 194.835 Kcal/ 100 g. The result of this study shows that fishes from Iraqi marine waters considered as a main sources of protein and fat. These results can be used as  an information to the consumers showing that species of fishes was rich with a high  quality and food contents. It is recommended to consideration that Al-Nuweibi Otoliths. ruber periodically with a high proportion contains of animal protein, which is beneficial to growing up body and muscles.
Reproduction of the bleak, Alburnus mossulensis in the southern reaches of Euphrates River, Iraq
Authors: Aufi Layla A. , Mohammed Abdul-Razak M. M. , Jasim Basim M.
Published: March 2023

Samples of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from the south part of Euphrates River, Chybaish, Iraq from November 2013 to October 2014 using electro fishing. The spawning period started in February according to GSI values and histological examination for gonads during spawning season. The results of histological examinations revealed that this species has a short spawning season and female ovaries contained different maturing stages of ova, and the maturation started from the post part of gonads according to the space noticed at the middle part of the ovary. Histological examination proved that testes also contain different maturation stages. Blood vessel penetrate lobules with few spermatocytes at the posterior part of the testes whereas the anterior part less mature with disappearing of spermatocytes.
First record of the Rosy goatfish, Parupeneus rubescens (Lacepede, 1801) (Mullidae) in Syrian marine waters
Authors: Sabour Waad , Masri Mai
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the first documented record of the Rosy goatfish Parupeneus rubescens in Syrian coastal waters. A specimen (200 mm TL) was captured on 21st May 2020, using trammel nets at a depth of 120 m. in the Ras al-Basit region, 60 km north of Lattakia (35°50′ N, 35°50′E). Morphological and taxonomic analysis showed that the type of individual described in the present work is a newly introduced species of Indo-Pacific origin to the area, identified as P. rubescens (Lacepede, 1801). It should be noted that this species was monitored with individuals of the species Parupeneus forsskali in the framework of our research project on the biology of the Mullidae family in the Syrian marine waters. The number of Lessepsian fish migrants in the Syrian marine waters has reached 82 species.
Checklists of Carp Parasites in Floating Cages of Iraq
Authors: Mhaisen Furhan T.
Published: March 2023

Literature review of reports concerning the parasitic fauna of floating cage fishes in Iraq till the end of 2021 showed that a total of 57 parasite species are so far known from three fish species investigated for parasitic infections throughout the country. The parasitic fauna included 15 ciliophorans, three myxozoans, two trematodes, 28 monogeneans, five cestodes, one nematode, one acanthocephalan and two crustaceans. The common carp Cyprinus carpio was infected with all these 57 parasite species, the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella with four parasite species and the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with only one parasite species.
A LABORATORY STUDY ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF ISCHNURA EVANSI (MORTON)(ODONATA : COENAGRIONIDAE) FROM A POND AT BASRAH.
Authors: MARZOQ M.KH. , Ali M. H. , Annon M. R.
Published: March 2023

The life cycle of Ischnura evansi (Morton) from Basrah region has been studied under laboratory conditions . Females layed their eggs on the stems of the submerged portions of Bacopa monniera . Hatching occurred at a temperature limits between 12 and 40 °C. The embryonic development was compeleted within 31 days at 12 °C and 7 days at 40 °C water temperature . Larval development was rapid and signficantly corelated with high temperature . Instar duration were increased with the progress of age while discreasing with the rising of temperature. After hatching the insect showed 13 instar before the attaining of the adult stage. The total period from egg to adult were between 197 and 278 days at a 40 °C and 25 °C respectively .
GROWTH, MORTALITY AND FOOD HABIT OF LIZARDFISH SAURIDA UNDOSQUAMI RICHARDSON (1848) IN KHOR AL-AMYA, NW ARABIN GULF.
Authors: Mutlak F. M.
Published: March 2023

Some biological aspects of lizardfish Saurida undosquamis in Khor AL-Amya, NW Arabian Gulf were studied through August 1999 to July 2000. The annual catch rate was 0.33 Kg/h with a maximum of o.5 Kg/h in March and the minimum o.2 Kg/h in July and August. Lizardfish was non resreseuted though out the period from December to February. The growth (L½, K, to) obtained forming Von Bertlanffy equation were as follow: Lt= 282 [1-e –0.53 (t+0.26) ]. The mortality coefficient of total Z, natural M and fishing F were estimated to be 1.218, 0.576, and 0.642. Hence the exploitation rate E was 0.52. The food components of 214 stomachs were examined. The empty stomachs constituted 19.16%. Fish subsist at part of preys forming 80.1% by number and 83.2% by occurrence. Small fishes of Upeneus sulphureus and Leiognathus bindus were the most species preged by S. undosquamis. Crustacea was of secondary importance (18.3% number and 24.1% occurrence) as fish food represenred mainly by shrimps and less of lobster and crabs. The third group of food components was mollusca cephalopod, which coustitionl 1.6% by number and 2.8% by occurrence.