bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
0167 Benefits of Daytime Napping
Authors: Qaisar Muhammad , Khan Faiza , Sanchez Sybert , Gonzales Victor , Khan Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The topic of workplace siestas has sparked a conversation with valuable findings emerging about job performance and employee well being. In this IRB approved investigation and statistical analysis, our goal was to assess the benefits of taking a midday nap on cognitive efficiency.

Methods

-Accrual study group target was 39 internal medicine residents (PGY1, PGY2, PGY3). Enrolled and consented residents totaled 15. PGY1 residents were picked at random from in-patient rotation. If no PGY1 residents were available, then PGY2 and PGY3 residents were selected. -Control study group included eligible residents not napping but took the vigilance test before and after the noon conference. -Exclusions criteria- age >55 years, sleep disorders, and currently on stimulators or sedatives. -Naps took place between 12 to 1 PM from October 16th to December 15th. -Each resident took a pre-nap sleep vigilance test, napped for 25 minutes, walked for 7 minutes, took a post-nap sleep vigilance test, and filled out a survey.

Results

Key findings: -A total of 37 napping encounters from 11 participants. -A total of 16 non-napping encounters from 11 participants. -Post-nap, 81% of the residents improved (average improvement- 7.4%) and 19% worsened (average decline in performance- 5.7%). -Post-nap, self reported outcomes: less than 5 residents felt more tired, one experienced a headache, and one reported irritability. -Self reported assessment: 49% napped and 51% were unable to nap. -Control group: 93% showed worsened vigilance scores (average- 15%); 7% improved (average 16%). Limitations: -Limited to mostly PGY1 residents during in-patient within 2 months. -Study relied on residents volunteering. -A large portion of the residents did not participate in the study at times. -Unable to perform an actual sleep study (polysomnography) and get more accurate measurements. Future direction: -There needs to be a more in-depth study, involving several different residency programs and more accurate and reliable results. -Use motivational techniques to get more volunteers. -Allowing residents to nap periodically.

Conclusion

-Overall, most residents who took a 25-minute nap improved on the vigilance test. -Better efficiency can translate into better patient care and less mistakes. -Residents would benefit from a daytime nap.

Support (if any)
0168 Effect of Environmental Noise on Sleep Architecture Among Black Adults
Authors: Coppello Matthew , Locklear Clarence , Oliveira Bruno , Rogers April , Seixas Azizi , Jean-Louis Girardin
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sound is among the plethora of external stimuli impacting sleep. Previous research shows that noises above 45 dB disrupts normal human sleep architecture. High noise results in an increased duration of light sleep stages (NREM 1 and NREM 2) and a decrease in deeper stages (NREM 3 and REM). However, these findings are from studies that assessed the acute impact of noise on sleep. Additionally, the populations used in these studies were not racially diverse. Researching sleep in these populations is vital as sleep health disparities are prevalent in minoritized racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The objective of this study is to identify how long-term exposure to environmental noise at the neighborhood level alters sleep structure in Black adults.

Methods

Black adults (N = 101, 71.3% female, aged 37.9±13.2 years) were observed for a total of 573 night's sleep. Sleep parameters were gathered using the SleepImage® ring. This device divides sleep into three categories based on cardiopulmonary coupling: unstable sleep, stable sleep, and REM sleep. Unstable sleep is defined as including all of NREM 1 and parts of NREM 2, while stable sleep encompasses the rest of NREM 2 and all of NREM 3. Environmental noise was determined via HowLoud, a website which assigns a sound score to an address based on a combination of vehicle traffic, air transport, and other local factors. A linear regression was performed to examine how sound score impacts on sleep structure.

Results

Results of the regression analysis showed that sound score was significantly associated with percent unstable sleep in Black adults (F(1,99) = 4.67, p = 0.0332). This indicates that sound score is associated with a decreased percent unstable sleep (β1 = -0.463).

Conclusion

Greater levels of environmental noise are associated with an increased amount of unstable sleep among Blacks. These results suggest that quieter nights may lead to deeper and more restorative sleep. This is consistent with previous studies, supporting the notion that this biological mechanism is universally relevant. Finally, this study elucidates the detrimental effects of chronic noise pollution and highlights the importance of one's neighborhood on sleep health.

Support (if any)

NIH R01HL142066
0171 EEG Markers from Routine Sleep Discriminate Individuals Who Are Vulnerable or Resilient to Sleep Loss
Authors: Subramaniyan Mannivannan , Vital-Lopez Francisco , Hughes John , Doty Tracy , Reifman Jaques
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sleep loss is widespread among civilians and military personnel, and is often unavoidable due to family or work obligations. Although sleep loss impairs cognition, individuals differ in the extent of these impairments. Identifying these phenotypical variations between individuals offers the opportunity to assign individuals who are resilient to sleep loss to tasks that require sustained vigilance, and to provide sleep-loss countermeasures to individuals who are more vulnerable. Current methods to identify an individual’s phenotypical response to sleep deprivation require time-consuming sleep-loss challenges. Here, we sought a more practical approach to label individuals as resilient or vulnerable to sleep loss by identifying electroencephalographic (EEG) markers obtained from routine night sleep.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed four studies in which 49 healthy young adults (18 women) completed a laboratory baseline-sleep phase followed by a sleep-loss challenge. After classifying subjects as resilient or vulnerable to sleep loss based on psychomotor vigilance test performance, we extracted three EEG features from four channels during the baseline nights, evaluated the discriminatory power of these features using the first two studies (discovery), and assessed reproducibility of the results using the remaining two studies (reproducibility).

Results

In the discovery analysis, we found that, compared to resilient subjects, vulnerable subjects exhibited 1) higher slow wave activity (SWA) power in channels O1, O2, and C3; 2) higher SWA rise rate in channels O1 and O2; and 3) lower sleep spindle frequency in channel C4. Our reproducibility analysis confirmed the discovery results on SWA power and SWA rise rate, and for all three EEG features we observed consistent group-difference trends across all four channels in both analyses.

Conclusion

The higher SWA power and SWA rise rate in vulnerable individuals suggest that they have a higher accumulated sleep pressure under normal rested conditions, and allowed us to identify individuals who are resilient or vulnerable to sleep loss.

Support (if any)

This work was sponsored by the Military Operational Medicine Program Area Directorate of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC), Fort Detrick, MD. The Henry M. Jackson Foundation was supported by the USAMRDC under Contract No. W81XWH20C0031.
0174 Using Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid to Target Inflammation in Response to Experimental Sleep Restriction in Humans
Authors: Engert Larissa , Ledderose Carola , Biniamin Careen , Birriel Paola , Buraks Olivia , Chatterton Bryan , Dang Rammy , Daniel Surya , Eske Annika , Reed Taylor , Tang Ava , Bertisch Suzanne , Mullington Janet , Junger Wolfgang , Haack Monika
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sleep deficiencies, such as manifested in short sleep duration or insomnia symptoms, are known to increase the risk for multiple chronic diseases. Inflammation is considered a mechanism through which deficient sleep acts as risk factor for these diseases. Thus, mitigating inflammation might be a potential way to diminish negative health consequences related to sleep deficiency. To investigate a pharmacological approach for this, we used low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), known for its counter-inflammatory actions including the cyclooxygenase (COX)-, NF-kB-, and resolution-pathways. Our aim was to investigate whether low-dose ASA can blunt the pro-inflammatory response to experimental sleep restriction.

Methods

46 healthy adults (19F/27M, 19-63 years) participated in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial with 3 protocols each consisting of a 14-day at-home phase followed by an 11-day (10-night) in-hospital stay (sleep restriction/ASA, sleep restriction/placebo, control sleep/placebo). In the sleep restriction/ASA condition, participants took low-dose ASA (81 mg/day) during the at-home phase and in-hospital stay. Each in-hospital stay started with 2 nights of 8h-sleep opportunity. Then, under the sleep restriction conditions, participants were exposed to 5 nights of 4h-sleep opportunity, followed by 3 nights of recovery sleep (8h/night). The control sleep condition provided 8h-sleep opportunity throughout the in-hospital stay. Sleep and immunologic/hematologic measures were assessed at baseline, after the 5th night of sleep restriction/control sleep, and after the 2nd night of recovery sleep. Generalized linear mixed models were used for analysis.

Results

Administration of low-dose ASA reduced interleukin (IL)-6 expression (p<.05 for condition*day) and COX-1/COX-2 double positive cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes (p<.05 for condition) as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels (p<.01 for condition) in the sleep restriction condition compared to placebo. Baseline comparisons revealed no differences between conditions (p>.05 for condition).

Conclusion

The results show that preemptive administration of low-dose ASA can reduce pro-inflammatory responses to experimental sleep restriction in humans. These findings may open new therapeutic approaches to prevent or control inflammation and its consequences in those experiencing periods of sleep deficiency.

Support (if any)

NIH/NHLBI R01-HL136310; NIH/NCRR UL1-RR02758, M01-RR01032; German Research Foundation (DFG) EN1291/1-1; SRSF Career Development Award.
0175 5-nights of Sleep Restriction and Impulsivity-related fMRI Brain Activity in Adolescents with ADHD Traits
Authors: Moyles Sinéad , Dionisos Victoria , Mason Gina , Christiansen Taylor , Barker David , Dickstein Daniel , Carskadon Mary , Saletin Jared
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sleep loss can adversely affect brain mechanisms underlying attention and inhibitory control, potentially leading to increased impulsive behavior. We propose that youth with more severe attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like traits may be particularly vulnerable to sleep loss on impulsivity tasks. We examined this possibility using an fMRI Go/No-Go task in a within-subject at-home sleep restriction experiment in children with high or low ADHD-like traits.

Methods

Thirty adolescents (13M; 12.14±0.99yrs) were grouped by the Conners-3-Parent ADHD-Probability Index [>=/< 50%tile] as high (ADHDy; n=13) or low (ADHDn; n=17). All children completed two counterbalanced conditions: 5-nights of sleep optimization (SO; 10h TIB set to habitual risetime) and 5-nights of sleep restriction (SR; 7.5h TIB; delaying bedtime and advancing risetime equally). At least 2 nights of stabilization preceded both conditions. Following both SO and SR, participants completed fMRI scanning consisting of two 7-minute runs of an event-related Go/No-Go task. We investigated activation associated with impulsive errors (commissions>hits). Voxel-wise 2x2 linear mixed effects models (3dLME) examined condition [SR vs. SO], group [ADHDy vs. ADHDn], and interaction effects with significance set to p<.005, k=30 voxels.

Results

Wrist actigraphy indicated that SR was successful in reducing sleep period time by 20% (SR= 7.32±0.48 vs. SO= 9.14±0.46h; [t(29)=21.23, p<.001; d=3.88]) and total sleep time by 17% (SR= 6.72±0.55 vs. SO= 8.13±0.65h; [t(29)=15.08, p<.001; d=.2.75]). At SO, commission errors (vs. hits) were associated with higher activation in the bilateral putamen, bilateral precentral gyri, left inferior frontal gyrus, and the bilateral insula. We identified a significant condition-x-group interaction in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MNIx,y,z: [29, 35,47, k=65), whereby sleep restriction decreased error signaling for the ADHDn group, but not for the ADHDy group.

Conclusion

These initial findings indicate that ADHD traits may moderate the impact of sleep loss on impulsive error signaling during the Go/No-Go task. Those in the ADHDy group appear particularly sensitive to commission error processing in the prefrontal cortex. As data collection continues, our analyses will pivot to computational modeling of inter-individual variability in this effect.

Support (if any)

R01HD103655; P20GM139743
0176 fMRI Neural Activation During Working Memory After 5-Nights of Sleep Restriction in Adolescents with ADHD Traits
Authors: Dionisos Victoria , Moyles Sinéad , Mason Gina , Christiansen Taylor , Barker David , Dickstein Daniel , Carskadon Mary , Saletin Jared
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Persistent sleep loss is common among adolescents. Its impact on cognitive functioning is well documented, particularly in working memory. We hypothesize that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) may be particularly vulnerable to such effects. Here we examine the impact of 5-nights of at-home sleep restriction on the neural correlates of working memory in young adolescents with and without ADHD traits.

Methods

Twenty-five peripubertal adolescents (12.36±0.88 years, 14F) were characterized by Conners-3-Parent ADHD-Index [>=/< 50% tile] as either high (ADHDy; n=11) or low (ADHDn; n=14). All participants completed an fMRI-monitored working memory task after two counterbalanced conditions: 5-nights of sleep optimization (SO; 10h TIB set to habitual risetime) and 5-nights of sleep restriction (SR; 7.5h TIB, equally delaying bedtime and advancing risetime). At least two nights of stabilization preceded both conditions. fMRI sessions consisted of two 7-minute runs of alternating 2-back and 0-back working memory blocks. Voxel-wise 2x2 linear mixed effects models (3dLME) investigated condition [SR vs. SO], group [ADHDy vs. ADHDn], and interaction effects on working memory activation (2-back>0-back). Significance was set to p<.005, k=30 voxels.

Results

Our actigraphy monitored protocol significantly reduced sleep period time by 20% (SR= 7.39±0.43h vs. SO= 9.19±0.39h; [t(24)=17.66, p<.001; d=3.53]) and total sleep time by 17% (SR= 6.79±0.51h vs. SO= 8.20±0.60h; [t(24)=12.9, p<.001; d=2.58]). At SO, fMRI 2-back blocks were associated with increased activation in task-on areas, such as the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and superior parietal cortices, and decreased activation in default-mode task-off areas, including the precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex. Of these regions, significant condition-by-group effects indicated that sleep loss increased activation in the bilateral superior parietal cortex (MNIx,y,z: [40, -48, 68], k=172) and bilateral cuneus/precuneus (MNIx,y,z: [16, -84, 48], k=1446), only in the ADHDy group.

Conclusion

These data are the first to indicate that ADHD status may influence how sleep loss affects working memory in the adolescent brain. Sleep loss increased activation of both task-on (e.g., superior parietal) and task-off (e.g., precuneus) regions in the ADHDy group. We speculate this pattern may reflect less efficient neural processing after sleep loss. Ongoing data collection will probe sources of inter-individual variability.

Support (if any)

R01HD103655; P20GM139743
0180 Crew Sleep During a 36-day Arctic Transit: Preliminary Results
Authors: Shattuck Nita , Matsangas Panagiotis , Olson Niels , Smith Christopher , McClernon Christopher
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Extreme environmental conditions (e.g., natural light conditions, time zone transitions), and specific operational conditions (e.g., ship motion due to ice breaking) combined with a variety of other occupational stressors (including shift work, psychological stress, and performing physically strenuous activities), poses unique challenges when conducting polar operations. The overarching aim of this project is to assess the unique challenges sailors experience when operating in polar regions in order to identify performance-limiting factors derived from operating an icebreaker in extreme latitudes. This abstract shows preliminary results of crewmember sleep.

Methods

A naturalistic longitudinal approach assessed 53 of the ship’s crewmembers (median age of 29yrs; 71.7% males; 66.0% enlisted) while performing their normal duties during a 36-day transit from Kodiak, AK (8/26/23) to Tromsø, Norway (1/10/23). Participants wore ŌURA rings and completed weekly questionnaires throughout the study. Mixed effects analysis was used to assess the effect of age, occupational group, time underway, and watchstanding status on variables of interest. Results are presented as mean◻standard deviation.

Results

Over the entire data collection period, participants’ sleep duration was 6.81◻0.57 hrs/day with 68.9% sleeping < 7 hrs/day and 8.89% sleeping < 6 hrs/day. All participants napped at least once; 68.1% napped at least once every 4 days. Self-report sleep regularity index (SRI; lower numbers translate to poorer sleep) was 73.1◻5.80 for watchstanders, 83.8◻6.19 for non-watchstanders, and 78.3◻5.16 for crewmembers with a hybrid work schedule. Age was associated with decreased heart rate variability (p=0.006), increased percentage of light sleep (p< 0.001), decreased percentage of deep sleep (p< 0.001), and increased percentage of REM sleep (p=0.021). Officers and watchstanders had a lower percentage of REM sleep compared to enlisted (p=0.030) and non-watchstanders (p=0.025) respectively. Also, over the course of the underway the percentage of light sleep increased and the percentage of deep sleep decreased. Specifically, compared to Week 1, Week 3 had a higher percentage of light sleep (p=0.027), and a lower percentage of deep sleep (p=0.019).

Conclusion

Results showed that Arctic operations can affect crew sleep. Crew members slept less than the daily recommended 7+ hr/day sleep duration. Their sleep was also related to age, watchstanding status, and time underway.

Support (if any)
0181 NREM Delta Power Is Conserved in Nighttime Recovery Sleep After Repeated Simulated Nightshift Duty Cycles
Authors: Finlay Myles , Van Dongen Hans
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Slow wave sleep (SWS) has been reported to be conserved, relative to baseline, across days in schedules with repeated simulated nightshift duty cycles. We investigated whether this SWS characteristic extends to delta power (0.6–4.0Hz) in the NREM sleep EEG of nighttime sleep after each of two consecutive nightshift duty cycles, to quantify post-duty homeostatic recovery.

Methods

N=27 health adults (ages 22–39y; 13f) completed a 14-day laboratory study. After 10h nighttime baseline sleep (TIB 22:00–08:00), subjects were randomized to a simulated dayshift condition (n=15; 6f) with all nights 10h TIB (22:00–08:00) or a simulated nightshift condition (n=12; 7f) with two repeated simulated nighttime duty cycles. Each nighttime duty cycle involved a transition nap (15:00–20:00), 4 consecutive daytime sleep opportunities (10:00–20:00), and another transition nap (10:00–15:00), followed by nighttime recovery sleep (22:00–08:00). Analyses focused on the nighttime baseline sleep and both recovery sleep opportunities in the nightshift condition and the equivalent nights in the dayshift condition. Sleep was scored using AASM criteria and subjected to NREM EEG spectral analysis to assess cumulative delta power for each night. Results were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with factors for condition, night, and their interaction, and covariates for age and sex.

Results

There was a trend for an overall reduction in delta power in the nightshift condition compared to the dayshift condition (F[1,23]=3.0, P=0.097), but no effect of night (F[2,48]=0.51, P=0.60) and no interaction (F[2,48]=0.45, P=0.64). Results were consistent with two-process model simulations of homeostatic pressure, which predicted reduced delta power during recovery sleep in the nightshift condition. The correlation between group-average observations and predictions was 0.44.

Conclusion

NREM delta power was conserved in nighttime recovery sleep after repeated nightshift duty cycles. Compared to nighttime sleep in simulated dayshift, the observed NREM delta power was marginally reduced in simulated nightshift, as moderately correlated with two-process model predictions. The minimal dynamic response to simulated nightshift in NREM delta power is congruent with observations in repeated cycles of simulated dayshift with sleep restriction, and may underlie cumulative deficits in neurobehavioral performance across repeated nightshift duty cycles.

Support (if any)

FMCSA DTMC75-07-D-00006 and CDMRP W81XWH-05-1-0099.
0183 Sleep Loss and Emotion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of over Fifty Years of Experimental Research
Authors: Palmer Cara , Bower Joanne , Cho Kit , Clementi Michelle , Lau Simon , Oosterhoff Benjamin , Alfano Candice
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Studies on the impact of sleep on emotional experiences have rapidly proliferated in recent decades. While evidence suggests that poor sleep serves as a catalyst for the development of emotional difficulties, specific relationships have been difficult to disentangle. Thus, a comprehensive quantitative synthesis is needed to integrate and consolidate findings across this heterogeneous research literature.

Methods

This pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis included studies that experimentally reduced sleep (i.e., total sleep deprivation, partial sleep restriction, or sleep fragmentation) in healthy populations to examine effects on positive affect, negative affect, emotional reactivity, anxiety symptoms, and/or depressive symptoms. In total, 1338 effect sizes from 154 studies were included (total participants N = 5,717; age range = 7-79 years; 50.14% female).

Results

Random effects models found that all forms of sleep loss resulted in reduced positive affect (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.27 to -1.14), with some evidence that high arousal positive states were most adversely affected. Sleep loss also increased anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.57 to 0.63) and blunted subjective arousal in response to emotional stimuli (SMD = -0.20 to -0.53). Findings for negative affect, reports of emotional valence in response to emotional stimuli, and depressive symptoms were mixed. Some non-linear effects emerged based on the hours of wakefulness induced or the sleep opportunity provided. Some effects were also moderated by study characteristics, age, and sex, although findings varied by type of sleep loss and emotional outcome. Differences emerged based on type of sleep restricted (i.e., rapid eye movement sleep or slow wave sleep), with greater reports of negative valence in response to emotional stimuli after loss of rapid eye movement sleep (SMD = 0.35, p = .023) compared to loss of slow wave sleep (SMD = 0.09, p = .088).

Conclusion

This study synthesizes more than 50 years of experimental research to reveal how periods of extended wakefulness, shortened sleep duration, and/or nighttime awakening undermines human emotional functioning and increases risk for psychiatric disorders. Findings provide an integrative foundation for future research on sleep and emotion and elucidate the precise ways that inadequate sleep may impact daytime emotions.

Support (if any)

N/A
0184 Gratitude, Flourishing, and Prosocial Behaviors Following Experimental Sleep Restriction and Sleep Extension
Authors: Do Alexander , Schnitker Sarah , Scullin Michael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

People who are grateful, resilient, and flourishing in life show better health, including better sleep. This correlational finding is typically attributed to personality factors or to positive outlooks causing better sleep. We investigated the reverse causal interpretation: do sleep losses and sleep gains affect feelings and expressions of gratitude, resilience, and flourishing?

Methods

90 adults were randomly assigned to late bedtimes, early bedtimes, or to sleep normally across a single workweek (monitored by actigraphy). The primary outcomes were changes in state and trait feelings of flourishing, resilience, and gratitude, as well as behavioral expressions of gratitude (i.e., gratitude list writing).

Results

Relative to the natural sleep condition, early bedtimes extended sleep by 46 minutes/night and late bedtimes reduced sleep by 37 minutes/night (actigraphy-defined). Subjective sleepiness and mood disturbances improved with sleep extension and worsened with sleep restriction. State-level measures of flourishing, resilience, and gratitude significantly improved across the week with sleep extension and significantly worsened with sleep restriction (ηp2 = .13 to .17). Trait-level measures showed modest or no changes. Sleep-extended participants wrote twice as much on their gratitude list as the other two conditions (ηp2 = .11). Most effects persisted when accounting for mood.

Conclusion

Subtle changes in nighttime sleep can affect gratitude, resilience, and flourishing. Addressing sleep health in society may be foundational to overall well-being and prosocial behaviors in the population.

Support (if any)

Support provided by an URSA grant, the National Science Foundation (1920730, 1943323), and the John Templeton Foundation (61513).
0187 Empathy and Punishment Ratings for Copyright Infringement in Rested and Sleep Restricted Individuals
Authors: Neuhoff Elise , Godinho Ariadne Dias , Scullin Michael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sleep restriction can worsen cognitive functioning and alter emotional regulation. Recent studies further indicate that sleep deprivation reduces empathy and increases willingness to punish others for mistakes. We built on this emerging literature by presenting rested and sleep restricted individuals with vignettes of people who had been victimized (e.g., forgery, plagiarism), with a focus on how much the offenders should be punished and how much the victims should be compensated.

Methods

Participants included 62 young adults (mean age = 20.03, 51.6% female, 45.2% non-Hispanic white) who first completed a laboratory polysomnography adaptation night. Afterward, participants were randomly assigned to either two laboratory nights of restricted sleep (1:30 AM – 7:00AM) or two laboratory nights of normal sleep (10:00 PM – 07:00 AM). In the morning, participants were presented with vignettes depicting copyright fraud such as shoe companies using trademarked features, music companies sampling melodies without credit to the original songwriter, and art forgers who sold painting replicas to art enthusiasts as if they were the originals. Participants were asked to rate the seriousness of the mistakes, how much punishment the offenders deserved, if the offender should be jailed or prevented from working in the field, and how much the victims should be compensated.

Results

Relative to rested participants (M=6.1), sleep restriction significantly reduced participant ratings of victim compensation (M=5.3), even when accounting for ratings of the severity of copyright infringement (F=7.1, p=.01, eta squared=0.12). Other perceptions of the seriousness of the mistakes or how much the offenders should be punished were not significantly changed (ps>0.05). There were no gender differences or gender by sleep condition interactions.

Conclusion

Two nights of mild sleep restriction were sufficient to reduce empathy for victims of copyright infringement. Additional work is needed to understand dose-response relationships between sleep loss and empathy and punishment.

Support (if any)

Support provided by the National Science Foundation (1920730)
0190 Time-In-Bed Classroom-Based Sleep Challenges: 5-Month Follow-up Outcomes
Authors: Cruz Andri , Nickel Allison , Barley Blake , Scullin Michael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Half of college students routinely sleep < 7 hours/night and sleep restriction is often even worse when preparing for exams. In prior work, we found that offering extra credit opportunities to extend one’s nightly time-in-bed during final exam week significantly increased actigraphy-defined total sleep time. In the current work, we repeated actigraphy monitoring in students who took the sleep challenge to investigate the durability of sleep benefits during the following semester.

Methods

Seventy-four students in Fall 2022 completed baseline questionnaires and actigraphy monitoring 11 weeks before taking a sleep challenge during final exam week (both occurred only on weekday nights). During the sleep challenge, students could earn five extra credit points if they extended their average time-in-bed to 9 hours/night. During the following spring semester (11 weeks post-challenge), students were invited to participate in a follow-up study in which they repeated questionnaires and actigraphy monitoring. There were no extra credit incentives offered during the follow-up monitoring period. Participants provided informed consent and the class instructor was kept blinded to which students participated in the follow-up.

Results

62% of participants were still enrolled at the university and agreed to participate in the follow-up study. Those who completed the follow-up study were comparable to those lost to follow-up in demographics, baseline GPA, baseline PSQI, baseline chronotype, and fall semester final exam grade (ps>.05). The initial extra-credit incentive during the fall semester increased total sleep time by 44 minutes on average; approximately half of this benefit was retained during the spring semester. Relative to baseline (6.75 ± 0.84 hours), students showed 24 minutes/night more total sleep time five months later (7.14 ± 0.98 hours; p<.003), without a change to sleep efficiency (82.9% versus 82.5%, p>.05). Actigraphy-defined total sleep time at the spring semester follow-up was statistically comparable to total sleep time during the fall semester sleep challenge week (p>.05). Demographic and academic variables were not significant predictors of individual likelihood of maintaining sleep benefits at follow-up.

Conclusion

Incentive-based approaches to encouraging healthier sleep habits can have a sustained benefit in student groups.

Support (if any)

National Science Foundation (1920730, 1943323).
0191 Evaluating Sleep Intra-Individual Variability: Relationships with Sleep Quality, Sleepiness, and Time Management
Authors: Dietsch Lydia , Gao Chenlu , Scullin Michael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Intra-individual variability (IIV) in sleep is increasingly studied for its association with health, beyond mean sleep characteristics. However, measuring sleep IIV can be challenging without actiwatches or multi-day sleep diaries. To enable efficient one-time assessment of IIV in various sleep domains, we developed and updated the Sleep Intra-individual Variability Scale version 2 (SIIV). We evaluated the internal consistency of the SIIV and investigated the relationship between sleep IIV, sleep quality, sleepiness, and time management.

Methods

We asked 374 first-year college students (mean age=18.34, SD=0.85; 73.26% female) to complete the SIIV, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Time Management Questionnaire. The SIIV asked for typical sleep characteristics on every day of the week, in five domains: bedtime, risetime, total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), and napping. Individual standard deviations of sleep characteristics were calculated to represent IIV in sleep domains. Cronbach’s alpha, t-tests, and Pearsons’ correlations were conducted.

Results

IIVs in the five sleep domains were relatively independent (Cronbach’s alpha=0.39). We found a strong correlation between IIVs in TSTs and IIVs in risetimes (r=0.60, p< 0.001), but all other domains were weakly-to-moderately correlated (rs<.30). Non-white students reported greater IIV in TST than white students (non-white: 1.00±0.60h; white: 0.83±0.54h; p=0.005) and risetime (non-White: 74.86±40.88min; White: 65.82±36.19min; p=0.027). Females reported greater IIV in SOL than males (females: 4.92±5.07min; male: 3.35±3.91min; p=0.002). After controlling for mean sleep characteristics, poorer sleep quality was associated with greater IIV in TST (r=0.30, p< 0.001), risetime (r=0.19, p< 0.001), and SOL (r=0.16, p=0.002). Greater IIV in TST (r=0.16, p=0.002) and SOL (r=0.21, p< 0.001) also correlated with greater daytime sleepiness, after adjusting for mean TST and SOL, respectively. In addition, greater IIV in TST (r=-0.12, p=0.021) was associated with poorer time management, after adjusting for mean TST.

Conclusion

Greater IIV in sleep, especially TST, was associated with demographics, poor sleep quality, sleepiness, and poor time management. A single timepoint, self-reported measure of IIV increases the feasibility of estimating nightly consistency/regularity across five sleep domains.

Support (if any)

National Science Foundation (1920730 and 1943323)
0195 Technology for Insomnia in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Lee HyunHae , Reding Kerry , Szewczyk Warren , Tsai Chi-Shan , Ward Teresa
Published: April 2024

Introduction

An estimated 53% of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors report insufficient sleep, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced quality of life. This study aims to qualitatively explore 1) the experiences of insomnia in AYA cancer survivors; 2) strategies employed to address sleep problems; and 3) potential implementations of technology that could improve sleep quality among AYA cancer survivors.

Methods

Two virtual focus groups were conducted with AYA cancer survivors with current insomnia (n=7) to explore their insomnia experiences, strategies used to address insomnia, and perceptions of technology to promote sleep quality. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis through a hermeneutic philosophical approach.

Results

All participants were female (age range: 28 – 36 years) and had a previous diagnosis of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or lymphoma. The average duration since diagnosis was 1.7 years (range: 1 – 3 years). Three themes were generated: (1) experiences of insomnia, (2) insomnia coping strategies, and (3) ideas for technology to help with sleep. The participants reported difficulties in initiating sleep (71.4 %), maintaining sleep (28.6%), 04and early awakening (57.1%). Insomnia was connected to stress, anxiety, fatigue, and stomach problems. To cope with insomnia, several strategies were employed: prescription and over-the-counter sleep medication: melatonin or cannabidiol, meeting with counselors, psychiatrists, or medical doctors, modifying their living patterns, and using technology. AYAs showed a positive sentiment toward using technology for sleep problems, and their current technology use included meditation content, tracking sleep or physical activity patterns, and sleeping applications. They suggested future designs that integrate technology to help improve sleep including sleep trackers, daily reminders, meditation videos, and user-friendly interfaces.

Conclusion

Here we report that AYA cancer survivors with insomnia used multiple strategies to address their insomnia, including technology, and showed a willingness to further utilize technology to assist them. The insights from this study can inform the design of insomnia interventions for AYA cancer survivors and can be further investigated in larger studies and with male AYA cancer survivors.

Support (if any)

Funding received from the Cancer Consortium Survivorship Program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center.
0197 Exogenous Grp78 Modulates Slow-wave Sleep and Provides Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Chronic Sleep Restriction
Authors: Pazi Maria , Lapshina Ksenia , Guzeev Mikhail , Ekimova Irina
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is the main chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and main regulator of the ER-stress response contributing to the survival of neurons. Sleep deprivation (SD) enhances GRP78 expression and initiates ER-stress in the mouse cerebral cortex (Naidoo et al., 2005). In Drosophila, GRP78 overexpression increases recovery sleep in response to SD and delays ER-stress. Here we explore i) which phase of sleep is GRP78 involved in, ii) what is the neuroprotective significance of increasing GRP78 levels in the brain in a model of chronic sleep restriction (CSR)

Methods

Intracerebroventricular administration of the human recombinant GRP78 (rGRP78) and CSR experiment were performed in male Wistar rats. Continuous EEG, EMG and EOG recording was performed using a 4ET telemetry module (DSI). The CSR model was created using cycles of 3 h of sleep deprivation and 1 h of sleep opportunity continuously for 5 days on the orbital shaker (160 rpm). In the CSR model, rGRP78 was delivered intranasally 2 days before CSR and during the CSR period. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the protective properties of GRP78.

Results

Intracerebroventricular microinjections of rGRP78 at the beginning of the inactive period caused an increase in the slow-wave activity and the amount of slow-wave sleep (SWS) due to the prolongation of SWS episodes. In addition, a slight decrease in paradoxical sleep amount was observed. Thus, GRP78 can be involved in the molecular mechanisms of SWS maintenance, which plays an important role in accelerating protein synthesis and glymphatic clearance. During CSR, aforementioned functions of SWS are violated, which leads to the development of molecular dysfunctions and neurodegeneration. Our CSR model was characterized by degeneration in monoaminergic structures (locus coeruleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area) of the brain and activation of apoptotic PERK/CHOP branch of ER-stress. Exogenous rGPR78 attenuated both neurodegeneration and apoptotic ER-stress branch response.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that GRP78 possesses neuroprotective traits that are associated with its ability to increase SWS and modulate ER stress.

Support (if any)

Supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement no. 075-15-2020-916).
0198 The Influence of Shank3 Mutations on Spindle Activity During Sleep in a Mouse Model
Authors: Brandt Ali , Rempe Michael , Uygun David , Ingiosi Ashley , Wintler Taylor , Schoch Hannah , Medina Elizabeth , Singletary Kristan , Ford Kaitlyn , Katsuki Fumi , McNally James , Peixoto Lucia
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Insomnia, characterized by problems falling asleep, less sleep, and a lower quality sleep, is more prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared to typical development. Insomnia in ASD predicts severity of symptoms and impacts quality of life, however the mechanisms linking poor sleep with ASD are not well understood. Genetic mouse models of ASD have been essential to understanding ASD. We previously showed that mice with a deletion in exon 21 of Shank3 (Shank3ΔC), a high confidence ASD gene, recapitulate the clinical sleep-onset insomnia ASD phenotype. Sleep spindles are an important part of sleep quality thought to indicate restorative effects of sleep on information processing and cognition. Prior work in humans suggests that people with ASD have a lower spindle density. The goal of our study was to investigate spindle activity using the Shank3ΔC mouse model, to provide a valid pre-clinical model for testing future interventions.

Methods

Sleep phenotyping of 12-week-old adult Wild Type (WT) and Shank3ΔC male mice was performed using electroencephalography (EEG), frontal and parietal cortices bilaterally, and electromyography (EMG). Recordings consisted of 24-hours of baseline, 5-hours of sleep deprivation and 19-hours of undisturbed recovery sleep. EEG/EMG data was used to manually determine vigilance states using SleepSign for Animal and then analyzed with custom Matlab code to detect spindles. The custom Matlab code bandpass-filtered raw EEG data which was then cubed RMS-transformed to define thresholds utilized to identify spindles.

Results

Preliminary results suggest that Shank3ΔC mice have an overall decrease in spindle density (spindles per minute of NREM) compared to WT mice during the dark period post sleep deprivation. This decrease of spindle density in Shank3ΔC mice allows us to further explore spindle density at NREM-REM and Wake-NREM transitions and look for spindle deficits through development in a pre-clinical model of ASD.

Conclusion

Shank3ΔC mice are an effective pre-clinical model for understanding the mechanisms underlying poor spindle quality in ASD across development and developing targeted interventions to normalize spindle density.

Support (if any)

This work was supported by NIH K01NS104172 (LP), NIH R56NS124804 (LP), IK2 BX004905/BX/BLRD (DSU), K01 AG068366/AG/NIA (FK), R21 MH125242/MH/NIMH NIH (JMM), and I01 BX004500/BX/BLRD (JMM).
0201 Early Postpartum Maternal Stress and Mother-Infant Bonding Predicted Infant Nighttime Wakefulness at Six Months
Authors: Jiao Nana , Pituch Keenan , Whisner Corrie , Petrov Megan
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Maternal stress levels, sleep, and mother-infant interactions are associated with infant sleep. However, the potential impact of these factors experienced during the early postpartum period on future infant sleep development is understudied. This study examined whether maternal stress and sleep at 3 weeks postpartum predicted infant wakefulness at 6 months of age through mother-infant bonding and the home environment quality at 8 weeks postpartum.

Methods

This secondary analysis of the longitudinal Snuggle Bug/Acurrucadito cohort included a subsample of mothers (n=171, 31.4±5.4y, 74.9% married, 38% Hispanic/Latina, 64.3% ≥ bachelor’s degree) and their full-term infants who were visited in their homes at 3 and 8 weeks, and 6 months postpartum. Infant wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) was assessed using ankle-actigraphy and sleep diaries over 5 days at the 3-week and 6-month visits. At the 3-week visit, mothers completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, range:0-21) and the Stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (range:0-42). At 8 weeks, mothers completed the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire infant-focused anxiety subscale (PBQ-anxiety, range:0-20, higher scores indicate greater anxiety-related bonding difficulties), and staff assessed the home environment quality with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (HOME, range:0-45, higher scores indicate a more enriched and interactive environment). Based on the Transactional Model of Infant Sleep, path analyses were conducted to identify the direct effect of 3-week PSQI and Stress scores, and indirect effects via 8-week PBQ-anxiety and HOME scores, on 6-month WASO, adjusting for 3-week WASO, maternal age, education, and marital status.

Results

Average 3-week PSQI and Stress, and 8-week PBQ-anxiety and HOME scores were 6.8±3.1, 7.4±6.5, 2.1±1.9, and 36±4.5, respectively. WASO at 3 weeks and 6 months were 146.9±64.9 and 63.4±33.2min. The 3-week Stress score was not directly related to 6-month WASO (β=-0.28, 95%CI: -0.79-0.17), but positively related to 6-month WASO indirectly through 8-week PBQ-anxiety (β=0.14, 95%CI:0.02-0.31]). The 3-week PSQI was not directly or indirectly associated with 6-month WASO, and the HOME score was not a significant mediator.

Conclusion

Early, heightened maternal stress, independent of maternal sleep quality may indirectly lead to greater infant nighttime wakefulness later in infancy by disrupting early mother-infant bonding.

Support (if any)

NIH/NHLBIR01HL147931
0203 Attachment Style and Multidimensional Sleep Health
Authors: Piechota Amanda , Cassell Jack , Marquez Francisco , Decker Andrea , Halvorson Emily , Cribbet Matthew
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Aspects of close relationships, including adult attachment style, are important for sleep health. While attachment anxiety has been consistently associated with poor sleep across the lifespan, studies linking attachment avoidance to poor sleep have been mixed. Some previous research has even suggested that attachment avoidance may be a protective factor for promoting better sleep. One limitation of these prior studies has been a reliance on a single measure of sleep. We addressed this limitation by examining associations between adult attachment style and a multidimensional measure of sleep health. We hypothesized that that both attachment anxiety and avoidance will be associated with poor self-reported multidimensional sleep health.

Methods

A community sample of midlife adults living in the deep south (N= 74; Mage = 52.67; SD=8.89; 76% Female, 78.7% White, 17.3% Black, 4% Other) were screened for sleep disorders, mental health conditions and physical illnesses. During a baseline session participants completed a demographic measure, a self-report measure of multidimensional sleep health (created by summing scores on items assessing satisfaction, duration, regularity, alertness, efficiency and timing), and the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Questionnaire, a self-report measure of adult attachment style.

Results

In correlation analyses, greater attachment avoidance was associated with poor multidimensional sleep health (r = -.269, p =.026). Attachment anxiety was not significantly associated with sleep health (r = -.144, p =.238). In follow-up multiple regression analyses, greater attachment avoidance was significantly associated with poor multidimensional sleep health above and beyond age, sex, race and body mass index (b = -.518, t= -2.25, p =.02, ΔR2 = .09). Including attachment anxiety in a regression model that included attachment avoidance and the above-mentioned covariates slightly attenuated the association between avoidant attachment and multidimensional sleep health effect (b=-.56, t = -1.925 p=.05, ΔR2 = .09).

Conclusion

These results are important because they offer new insight into understanding associations between adult attachment and sleep. Understanding associations between aspects of close relationships and sleep can help clarify potential interventions aimed at improving poor sleep health.

Support (if any)

Support was provided by the Deep South Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) P30 AG0301054 from the NIA.