bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Study on the Mass Transport Based on the Ciliated Dynamic System of the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Zhu Peng-Fei , Li Xiang , Li Ao , Liu Yuan , Chen Duan-Duan , Xu Yuan-Qing
Published: November 2019

To study the mass transport of mucociliary clearance of the human upper respiratory tract, a two-dimensional mass transport model based on the ciliated movement was established by using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). In this model, different characteristics of the mucus layer (ML) and the periciliary liquid (PCL) were taken into account. A virtual elastic membrane was introduced to divide the two layers dynamically. All moving boundaries that were involved in the present simulation were modeled with the immersed boundary. The Newtonian fluid was used to model the flow in PCL, and the viscoelastic fluid based on the Oldroyd-B model was used for the flow in ML; the two types of flow were both solved by the LBM framework. Based on the model, the ML thickness, the cilia density, and the phase difference of adjacent cilia were regulated, respectively, to study the transport velocity of the ML. In addition, the motion law of solid particles in PCL was also studied. According to the results, four primary conclusions were drawn. (1) At a given beating pattern, the increase of the ML thickness will decrease its transport velocity. (2) Increasing the cilia density can promote the mean transport velocity of the ML. (3) By raising the phase difference of adjacent cilia to a certain scope, the transport of ML can be accelerated. (4) In PCL, particles initially located on the upper part of the cilia tend to migrate upward and then get close to the ML. The above study can provide some reasonable explanations for the mechanism of the mucociliary clearance system, which is also helpful to the further understanding of the mass transport principle of the human upper respiratory tract.
Development of Pasta Products with Nonconventional Ingredients and Their Effect on Selected Quality Characteristics: A Brief Overview
Authors: Nilusha R. A. T. , Jayasinghe J. M. J. K. , Perera O. D. A. N. , Perera P. I. P.
Published: November 2019

Pasta is a widely consumed food in all over the world. Coarse semolina obtained from durum wheat and water are the main ingredients of conventional pasta products. The amount of gluten and quality level of durum wheat, are two important factors for the superiority of finished pasta. Market price of durum wheat is higher than the common wheat and it contributes no more than 5% of the world wheat production. Thus, to come across the challenge of emerging pasta consumption, new field of research that is dealing with the incorporation of nonconventional ingredients to the conventional formula of pasta has initiated. The compositions of raw materials which are used for pasta preparation directly affect the physical, chemical, and textural properties of the product. Therefore, incorporation of nonconventional ingredients can lead to a contradictory effect of pasta quality. This review will focus on the various types of nonconventional ingredients that are being incorporated in pasta products and their effect on the quality attributes of different pasta products.
Acromioclavicular Septic Arthritis Caused by Veillonella parvula
Authors: Prod’homme Marc , Pfander Gilles , Pavese Patricia , Cech Alexandre , Abouelnaga Islam , Helfer Lionel
Published: November 2019

We hereby report the case of a primary acromioclavicular septic arthritis caused by Veillonella parvula. This bacteria is rare as a pathogen but is well known as a commensal of the lungs, vagina, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract of humans. However, it may turn as an opportunistic pathogen. It was isolated in blood culture and confirmed in biopsy specimen. The patient had complete recovery after surgical washout with second look at postoperative day two and targeted antibiotic treatment.
Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision‐Making Model for Time‐Cost‐Risk Trade‐Off Optimization in Construction Projects
Authors: Alzarrad M. Ammar , Moynihan Gary P. , Hatamleh Muhammad T. , Song Siyuan
Published: November 2019

As is often the case in project scheduling, when the project duration is shortened to decrease total cost, the total float is lost resulting in added critical or nearly critical activities. This, in turn, results in decreasing the probability of completing the project on time and increases the risk of schedule delays. To solve this problem, this research developed a fuzzy multicriteria decision‐making (FMCDM) model. The objective of this model is to help project managers improve their decisions regarding time‐cost‐risk trade‐offs (TCRTO) in construction projects. In this model, an optimization algorithm based on fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to analyze the time‐cost‐risk trade‐off alternatives and select the best one based on selected criteria. The algorithm was implemented in the MATLAB software and applied to two case studies to verify and validate the presented model. The presented FMCDM model could help produce a more reliable schedule and mitigate the risk of projects running overbudget or behind schedule. Further, this model is a powerful decision‐making instrument to help managers reduce uncertainties and improve the accuracy of time‐cost‐risk trade‐offs. The presented FMCDM model employed fuzzy linguistic terms, which provide decision‐makers with the opportunity to give their judgments as intervals comparing to fixed value judgments. In conclusion, the presented FMCDM model has high robustness, and it is an attractive alternative to the traditional methods to solve the time‐cost‐risk trade‐off problem in construction.
Preparation and Comparison of Effects of Different Herbal Oil Ointments as Wound-Healing Agents
Authors: Valizadeh Alireza , Shirzad Mahdieh , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Farahmandfar Maryam , Sereshti Hassan , Amani Amir
Published: November 2019

Wound healing is a complex process and some agents have been reported to accelerate it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing effect of Eucerin-based ointments of lemon, sesame and olive oils on infected full-thickness wounds in rats. Wounds were created on the dorsal surface of Male Albino Wistar rats (n = 12). Wounds were treated with an Eucerin-based ointment containing either of lemon, sesame or olive oils (33% w/w) twice a day for 14 days. Histopathology results showed that contraction of wounds treated with lemon and sesame oils was higher than in the olive oil and control groups on days 10 and 14. In the lemon- and sesame-oil treated groups, on day 14, 50% of rat lesions were completely healed. Total number of inflammatory cells in lemon oil treatment group was significantly smaller than that of others on day 14 (p < 0.001). Also, thickness of the epidermal layer and rejuvenation of the hair follicles and other skin appendages was normal in lemon and sesame oil treated groups. The lemon and sesame oil ointments accelerated the healing process of wounds in macroscopic, morphological and morphmetrical analyses. Therefore, lemon and sesame oil ointments could be considered as alternative dressings for infected full-thickness wounds because of improved wound healing characteristics.
Prevalence of Microembolic Signals in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source and Other Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Higuchi Eiko , Toi Sono , Shirai Yuka , Hoshino Takao , Ishizuka Kentaro , Shimizu Satoru , Tsutsumi Yukiko , Kitagawa Kazuo
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—

Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) has been proposed to cause thromboembolic infarction from unknown but potential embolic sources. However, an embolus remains undetected in ESUS. The goal of this study was to characterize the prevalence and risk factors of microembolic signals (MESs) in ESUS.

Methods—

We examined 108 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the internal carotid artery territory or transient ischemic attack within 14 days of symptom onset and who were admitted to our hospital between April 2017 and March 2019. MESs were monitored in the middle cerebral artery on transcranial Doppler for 60 minutes. We examined the prevalence and number of MES in ESUS and other stroke subtypes, such as cardioembolism, large artery atherosclerosis, cerebral small vessel disease, and transient ischemic attack. The present study was registered in University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000031913).

Results—

MESs were detected in 33 (31%) of 108 patients. ESUS showed the highest proportion (12/24 [50%]), followed by large artery atherosclerosis (8/20 [40%]), cardioembolism (6/18 [33%]), transient ischemic attack (4/24 [17%]), and cerebral small vessel disease (3/21 [14%]). Univariate analysis showed that higher systolic blood pressure, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, and ESUS were significantly associated with MES. In multiple logistic regression analysis, ESUS remained significantly associated with MES after adjustment for described covariates from univariate analysis (odds ratio, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.01–8.08]).

Conclusions—

This study demonstrated significant association of ESUS with MES, supporting the embolic nature of this stroke subtype.

Registration—

URL:
https://upload.umin.ac.jp
. Unique identifier: UMIN000031913.
Unraveling the puzzle of Liogenys biodiversity: fifteen new species, nomenclatural acts and new geographical records (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Cherman Mariana A. , Basílio Daniel S. , Mise Kleber M. , Almeida Lúcia M.
Published: November 2019

Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831, the largest genus of Neotropical Diplotaxini, is now comprised of 91 species. Fifteen new Brazilian species are described: L. acuta
sp.n.; L. amazonica
sp.n.; L. angustitarsis
sp.n.; L. clinocarinata
sp.n.; L. crassopunctata
sp.n.; L. hirsuta
sp.n.; L. latoemarginata
sp.n.; L. leviscutata sp.n.; L. ornativentris
sp.n.; L. rodriguesi
sp.n.; L. pruinosa
sp.n.; L. quadrata
sp.n.; L. susanalbertorum
sp.n.; L. variabilis
sp.n.; and L. vazdemelloi
sp.n.. Females are described for the first time for L. acutidens Moser, L. moseri Frey and L. sinuaticeps Moser. For L. macropelma Bates and L. minuta Moser, lectotypes and diagnoses are provided. Two new junior subjective synonyms are made for L. moseri and for L. parva Blanchard: L. obesina Frey and L. femella Cherman, respectively. The geographic distribution of Liogenys is first time recorded in Acre and Rondonia by the occurrence of new species, while other new records are expanded for eight species.
Virgo und Virago: Zwei Frühneuzeitliche Judith-Figuren im Vergleich
Authors: Zaragoza Gabrijela Mecky
Published: November 2019

Die These des Artikels ist, daß der konfessionell geprägte Paradigmenwechsel im frühneuzeitlichen weiblichen Gendermodell Auswirkungen darauf hat, wie die ersten beiden Judith-Texte des 16. Jahrhunderts – Marko Marulićs Judita (1501) und Sixt Bircks lvdith (1534) – mit ihren mörderischen Heldinnen umgehen. Während Marulićs Text selbstbewußt das Bild einer Renaissancemadonna feiert, macht sich in Bircks Text Verwirrung breit. Der Widerspruch zwischen dem verhäuslichten weiblichen Frauenbild der Zwingli-Ära und dem eigentlichen - von Martin Luther als “fein/ gut/ nuetzlich” klassifizierten – Judith-Plot, der eine keusche Witwe im Namen Gottes politisches Terrain betreten läßt, erweist sich in diesem Mikrokosmos Text als ein schwerwiegendes Problem, das nur auf absurde Weise gelöst werden kann: Judith muß zum Mannweib mutieren.
Wissenschaff und Wahn
Authors: Tschopp Silvia Serena
Published: November 2019

Die für das 16. und 17. Jahrhundert kennzeichnende ‘wissenschaftliche Revolution’ stellt für die frühneuzeitlichen Kalenderautoren eine nicht geringe Herausforderung dar. Es galt, neue Erkenntnisse und Erkenntnismodelle in den ‘praktischen’ Teil des Kalenders zu integrieren, ohne die traditionsgeprägten Erwartungen der Leser zu mißachten. Am Beispiel von Grimmelshausens Ewig-währendem Calender wird untersucht, wie sich die Vermittlung tradierter Wissensbestände und frühmodeme Erkenntniskritik verbinden, welche Funktion dem Mit- und Gegeneinander von autoritativer Setzung und Relativierung überlieferten Wissens zukommt. Auf die durch den wissenschaftlichen bzw. epistemologischen Wandel erzeugte Irritation antwortet Grimmelshausen, indem er, sich in die Tradition des christlichen Skeptizismus stellend, auf die Theologie verweist, die es allein ermögliche, zur Wahrheit durchzudringen.
A revision of the spider beetle genus Eutaphroptinus Borowski (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)
Authors: Gearner Olivia M. , Keith Philips T. , Neidlinger Robert H.
Published: November 2019

A revision of the genus Eutaphroptinus is presented. Eutaphroptinus pseudonatalensis is proposed as a junior synonym of Eutaphroptinus natalensis. Illustrations showing some of the morphological variation are included, and new records of this now monotypic genus are also provided.
Mandatory Social Insurance in Russia: Ways of Reforming
Authors: Gontmakher Evgeny
Published: November 2019

Despite near 30 years of post-Soviet reforms, Russia has not developed an effective system of mandatory social insurance. This has many negative, social, economic and political consequences. The main ones are low coverage of social risks and mass paternalism. An ordinary employee does not feel involved in the formation of his own well-being, especially in the field of pensions and medical care, and can’t independently dispose of those mandatory contributions that the employer makes in his favor. Therefore, in Russia there has long been a need, not just for cosmetic amendments, but for a radical reform of the mandatory insurance system. Its main element should be the involvement of the employee in the management of funds collected in special insurance institutes. It is proposed to move from a unified rate of deductions to personalized contributions, the amount of which depends on the family status of the employee, his or her health, and other personal characteristics. The organizational form of the updated system of mandatory social insurance can be a United Social Insurance Fund (instead of the current three funds), managed on an equal basis by representatives of employees, employers and the state.
Improving the Kremlin’s Preventive Counter-Revolution Practices after the 2011–2012 Winter of Discontent and the Euromaidan
Authors: Hall Stephen G F
Published: November 2019

This paper argues that between 2012 and 2019, the Kremlin recalibrated preventive counter-revolutionary practices due to fears that an event like the Arab Spring or Euromaidan could occur in Moscow or that the 2011–2012 winter of discontent could return. While the Kremlin returned to practices of the preventive counter-revolution used after 2004, the tactics increased creating a “politics of fear.” The preventive counter-revolution post-2012 implemented new tactics, incorporating an external element of countering the involvement of Western states in destabilizing authoritarian regimes, specifically in the post-Soviet space, thereby attempting to weaken Western states. The tactics of the preventive counter-revolution after 2012 have the potential to coup-proof the Kremlin and serve as a model for other authoritarian regimes to devise methods to counter Western states and democratization, thereby allowing the Kremlin to become a model and black knight for other authoritarian regimes.
The Return of the Siloviki: An Introduction
Authors: Rochlitz Michael
Published: November 2019

After a period of relative political liberalization under president Dmitry Medvedev, Russia’s security services have again started to play a central role in Russian politics with Vladimir Putin’s return to the presidency in 2012. In this issue of Russian Politics, we analyze three different aspects of this return of the siloviki: the way they think and see the world, how the relationship between governors and siloviki affects economic development at the regional level, and how the strengthening of the siloviki since 2012 compares to the strengthening of the Chinese internal security services, which took place during the same time. We identify a new assertiveness of Russia’s siloviki, as well as a centralization of power around Vladimir Putin through the dismissal of other influential heavyweights within Russia’s security services, and speculate what this might mean for Russia’s short- to mid-term future.
Real World and Tropical Cyclone World. Part II: Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Formation to Uniform and Meridionally Varying Sea Surface Temperatures under Aquaplanet Conditions
Authors: Walsh K. J. E. , Sharmila S. , Thatcher M. , Wales S. , Utembe S. , Vaughan A.
Published: November 2019

This study aims to investigate the response of simulated tropical cyclone formation to specific climate conditions, using an idealized aquaplanet framework of an ~40-km-horizontal-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. Two sets of idealized model experiments have been performed, one with a set of uniformly distributed constant global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and another in which varying meridional SST gradients are imposed. The results show that the strongest relationship between climate and tropical cyclone formation is with vertical static stability: increased static stability is strongly associated with decreased tropical cyclone formation. Vertical wind shear and midtropospheric vertical velocity also appear to be related to tropical cyclone formation, although below a threshold value of wind shear there appears to be little relationship. The relationship of tropical cyclone formation with maximum potential intensity and mean sea surface temperature is weak and not monotonic. These simulations strongly suggest that vertical static stability should be part of any climate theory of tropical cyclone formation.
Revisiting the Concept of Stability in the General Theory of Crime
Authors: Nofziger Stacey , Johnson Taylor
Published: November 2019

The general theory proposes that self-control exerts a relatively stable effect on behaviors across the life course. Most studies have examined the stability of self-control itself, rather than whether it leads to persistent patterns of offending that differ between low and high self-control groups. This article examines this alternative idea of stability by tracing patterns of offending over time. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth—Child and Young Adult Data, we find that the level of childhood self-control predicts deviance in every age group. The patterns of offending indicate there are stable differences, with low self-control leading to involvement in a greater range of deviant behavior at every age. The theoretical and policy implications of this stability are discussed.
Polydioxanone implants: A systematic review on safety and performance in patients
Authors: Martins Joana A , Lach Antonina A , Morris Hayley L , Carr Andrew J , Mouthuy Pierre-Alexis
Published: November 2019

Background

Medical devices made of polydioxanone (a synthetic biodegradable polymer) have been available since the early 1980s. However, no review regarding their performance and safety has been published.

Objective

This systematic review intends to review and assess commercially available polydioxanone implants and their safety and performance in patients.

Methods

We searched for approved polydioxanone implants in several Food and Drug Administration databases. Then, we performed a literature search for publications and clinical trials where polydioxanone devices were implanted in patients. This search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and other databases. Safety and performance of polydioxanone implants in patients were assessed and compared with the implantation of non-polydioxanone devices, when possible, based on scoring systems developed by the authors that analyse surgical site infection rates, inflammatory reaction rates, foreign body response, postoperative pain and fever.

Results

Food and Drug Administration databases search revealed that 48 implants have been approved since 1981, with 1294 adverse reactions or product malfunction in the last decade and 16 recalls. A total of 49 clinical trials and 104 scientific publications were found. Polydioxanone sutures and meshes/plates had low rates of surgical site infection, inflammatory reaction, foreign body response and postoperative fever. Polydioxanone clips/staples reported high rates of surgical site infection, postoperative fever and pain, with sub-optimal clinical performance and poor safety rates. The remaining implants identified showed high levels of safety and performance. Safety scores of polydioxanone implants and non-polydioxanone alternatives are similar. Polydioxanone monofilament sutures perform better than non-polydioxanone alternatives but performance did not differ with remaining polydioxanone implant types.

Conclusions

Although polydioxanone clips/staples should be implanted with caution and monitored carefully, in general, safety and performance scores of other polydioxanone implants did not differ from non-polydioxanone alternatives. This review will be a useful reference for researchers and industries developing new polydioxanone medical devices.
The impact of therapeutic hypothermia in elderly out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A multicenter retrospective observational propensity-matched study
Authors: Park Jeong Ho , Choi Seung Pill , Park Kyu Nam , Son Yoo Dong , Lim Hoon , Lee Dong Hoon
Published: November 2019

Background:

The therapeutic hypothermia protocol for out of hospital cardiac arrest is not standardized and the decision to apply therapeutic hypothermia relies on a physician’s judgment. Elderly patients who rely on this judgment are less likely to receive therapeutic hypothermia.

Objectives:

This study aimed to provide an analysis of the impact and utility of therapeutic hypothermia on elderly out of hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods:

This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational, registry-based study from 2007 to 2012. Adults who suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and were treated with therapeutic hypothermia were included. We divided the patients into a group of elderly patients 65 years or older and a group of young adults under 65 years old and compared the neurologic outcomes and adverse events after one-to-one matching by propensity score.

Results:

In total, 930 patients were enrolled in the study. Among these patients, 343 were ⩾65 years, while 587 were <65 years. Of the adverse events in therapeutic hypothermia, hyperglycemia (51.31%), hypotension (41.98%) during cooling was more frequent in aged ⩾65 years and rebound hyperthermia (7.14%) and hypotension (29.93%) during rewarming. After propensity score matching was applied to all subjects of the study, 247 matched pairs of patients were available. The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in the adverse events during therapeutic hypothermia.

Conclusion:

Elderly patients exhibited a decreased survival to hospital discharge and good neurologic outcomes. The two groups showed no differences in the frequency of adverse events during therapeutic hypothermia, when comparing in a propensity score matching cohort analysis.
Understanding and Preventing (N-Nitrosodimethylamine) NDMA Contamination of Medications
Authors: White C. Michael
Published: November 2019

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a hepatotoxic agent and carcinogen contaminant in commonly used medications such as valsartan, losartan, irbesartan, and ranitidine. NDMA can be produced during manufacture, introduced from contaminated ingredients procured elsewhere, or introduced from contaminated solvents and catalysts. The Food and Drug Administration has established a maximum dose of NDMA that is permissible per tablet and guidance for manufacturers. However, many unanswered questions about NDMA contamination need rigorous investigation.
Prenatal Autoimmune Disease, Multisystem, Infantile Onset-like Phenotype and Proximal Renal Tubular Dysplasia Associated With STAT3 Mutation
Authors: Terry Jefferson , Langlois Sylvie , Rupps Rosemarie , Gill Harinder
Published: November 2019

Activating heterozygous germline mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3) gene are associated with the rare autoimmune disorder autoimmune disease, multisystem, infantile onset (ADMIO). The phenotype of ADMIO is typified by hypogammaglobulinemia and onset of autoimmune phenomena during early childhood that include diabetes and autoimmune enteritis. This case report describes in utero onset of precocious lymphocyte maturation, autoimmune enteropathy-like inflammation, and proximal renal tubular dysplasia associated with a novel de novo heterozygous STAT3 mutation. The findings expand the phenotype associated with activating STAT3 mutations and suggest that the impact of the immunological abnormalities associated with ADMIO can begin prior to birth.
Experimental analysis of hysteretic behavior and strain field of external diaphragm joints between steel beams and CFDST columns
Authors: Zhang Yufen , Gao Jiaqi , Li Yushuo , Demoha Krushar
Published: November 2019

External diaphragm joints with high structural reliability are used widely in composite steel and concrete structures. In this study, the external diaphragm joint was improved to be a steel beam-to-concrete filled double steel tubular column connection. The digital speckle correlation method was used to measure and investigate the strain field in the panel zone and relative beam-to-column rotation in a low-cycle reciprocating loading test. The obtained hysteresis curves of moment-rotation ( M-θ) and shear force-deformation ( V-[Formula: see text]) showed that the external diaphragm joints had higher strength, higher ductility, and better energy dissipation capacity. Decreasing the axial compression ratio resulted in the deterioration of initial rotational stiffness. Wider external diaphragm produced better ductility and larger initial shear stiffness. The ribbed anchorage web was effective to increase the bending resistance by 10%. Beam-to-column bending stiffness ratio can not only influence the bending resistance and energy dissipation capacity significantly but also affect the shear deformation capacity in the joint core. The magnitude of the shear strain in the panel zone was large, especially for the specimens under column failure mode, and shear deformation in the panel zone should not be neglected for it accounted for 30%–40% of the beam-to-column rotation. Beam-to-column rotation and shear deformation obtained by the digital speckle correlation method offered better predictions to analyze the mechanical behavior of external diaphragm joints in the concrete filled double steel tubular structures.
A racial re-framing of Modernity and the Jews
Authors: Parham Angel Adams
Published: November 2019

Goldberg presents a nicely argued examination that demonstrates how sociology’s foundational thinkers used the experience of Jews to make sense of the transition from traditional to modern societies. While major European theorists were either negative or ambivalent about the Jewish community, US scholars were more likely to see Jews as pointing the way toward a more modern, diverse America. The US story, however, is more complex, and Goldberg’s analysis would benefit from a deeper, more careful discussion of race and racialization. Jews’ eventual incorporation in the United States required a careful process of de-racialization that culminated in their revaluation as white. But this process was never complete. The periodic resurfacing of race-inflected, anti-Jewish acts testifies to this. If Jews, who have been admitted to whiteness, are still subject to periodic racialization and stigmatization, this strongly suggests that their experience in the United States may represent the limits of full incorporation. If so, there is little hope for other racial outsiders to ever be fully accepted into the US mainstream.
Assessment of lumbar disc herniaton using fractional anisotropy in diffusion tensor imaging along with conventional T2-weighted imaging
Authors: Perri Marco , D’Elia Marialuisa , Castorani Giulia , Balzano Rosario Francesco , Pennelli Annamaria , Al-Badayneh Bilal , Russo Annunziata , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Popolizio Teresa
Published: November 2019

Objective

To assess the usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging and its fractional anisotropy map along with conventional T2-weighted imaging in evaluating the anisotropic water diffusion variations of annulus fibres involved in herniation disc pathology.

Materials and methods

Seventy-five patients with previous medical ethics committee approval and informed consent experiencing low back pain were selected for this prospective randomised blinded trial. Lumbar disc fractional anisotropy maps were obtained acquiring diffusion tensor sequences on a 3T machine. The matrix of nucleus pulposus and structures of annulus fibres were analysed using fractional anisotropy textural features to highlight any presence of lumbar disc herniation. Observer variability and reliability between two neuroradiologists were evaluated. The χ2 test, two-tailed t test and linear regression analysis were used to focus differences in patients’ demographic data and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Results

Annular fissures with extrusions were identified using diffusion tensor imaging in 10 out of 17 discs (study group) previously assessed as bulging discs using conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen extrusions out of 39 (study group) disc levels were identified on diffusion tensor imaging compared to eight extrusions highlighted on T2-weighted imaging ( P < 0.01). All eight (study group) disc extrusions evaluated on T2-weighted imaging showed annular fissures on diffusion tensor imaging. Seven out of 14 (study group) protrusions highlighted on T2-weighted imaging had no annular fissures on diffusion tensor imaging; thirty-six disc levels in the control group had no evidence of annular fissures on diffusion tensor imaging ( P > 0.01).

Conclusions

The addition of diffusion tensor imaging sequences and fractional anisotropy mapping to a conventional magnetic resonance imaging protocol could be useful in detecting annular fissures and lumbar disc herniation.
Primary Sonic Hedgehog–activated dorsal brainstem medulloblastoma and ipsilateral cerebellar atrophy in an adult
Authors: Demir Mustafa Kemal , Yapıcıer Özlem , Mert Basak , Alshareefi Wiaam , Bozbuğa Mustafa
Published: November 2019

Medulloblastoma (MB) that arises outside the cerebellum from cells of the dorsal brainstem is rare. The most common subtype of MB in the dorsal brainstem is the Wingless (WNT) subtype that contains activating mutations in the WNT pathway effector CTNNB1. Ipsilateral cerebellar hemi-atrophy with a brainstem tumour is a finding that is usually documented with brainstem gangliogliomas as a possible specific imaging sign. We present a case of a 23-year-old female with progressive headache, imbalance on walking, double vision and difficulty in swallowing for a year. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass with prominent restricted diffusion on the dorsal surface of the lower brainstem with ipsilateral cerebellar atrophy. The final histopathological diagnosis was a Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-activated and TP53 wild-type primary lower dorsal brainstem MB. Primary SHH-activated TP53 wild-type dorsal brainstem MB is extremely rare, and as far as we know, the association of the tumour with ipsilateral cerebellar hemi-atrophy in an adult has never been reported. MB should be included in the differential diagnosis of focal dorsal brainstem tumours, even in the presence of ipsilateral cerebellar hemi-atrophy.
Radiation-induced sarcoma in a cat following hypofractionated, palliative intent radiation therapy for large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Cook Matthew R , Martinez Michael P , Fenger Joelle M , Desai Noopur C
Published: November 2019

Case summary

A 5-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 4.5 × 3 cm ulcerated cutaneous mass on the nasal bridge with extension into the nasal cavity. Tissue biopsy was obtained and a diagnosis of large-cell lymphoma was confirmed on histopathology. The cat was started on prednisolone and injectable chemotherapy; however, only a partial response was observed. A CT scan revealed a highly infiltrative mass with extensive subcutaneous involvement, extending into the nasal cavity, resulting in lysis of numerous nasal and facial bones. The cat received hypofractionated, palliative intent radiation therapy (four fractions of 8 Gray) and a complete clinical response was achieved. Nine months after radiation therapy, minimal residual intranasal disease was observed on advanced imaging. Sixty-nine months after the completion of radiotherapy, a mass was observed dorsal to the right eye within the previous radiation field. CT scan revealed a mass associated with the right frontal sinus with extension throughout the nasal cavity and facial bones. Histopathology was consistent with a moderately differentiated sarcoma. Seventy-one months post-radiation therapy, the cat developed neurologic clinical signs and was humanely euthanized. Radiation-induced sarcoma was suspected based on human criteria, which included history of irradiation and tumor development within the irradiated field, a latent period after irradiation prior to the development of the second tumor and histopathologic confirmation of a different malignant neoplasm at the irradiated site.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant radiation-induced sarcoma in a cat. Based on this case, radiation-induced sarcomas should be considered as a late-term side effect associated with radiation therapy in cats.
Outcome of Delayed Treatment of Supracondylar Elbow Fractures in Children in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung and Santosa Hospital Bandung
Authors: Mahyudin  , Ismiarto Yoyos Dias
Published: November 2019

Objectives:

Supracondylar fractures of the elbow are common in children and percutaneous pinning usually advocated as a treatment for this kind of fracture. However, the treatment is often delayed in areas where healthcare resources are limited. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess functional outcomes after delayed treatment of supracondylar elbow fractures in children.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 38 children aged 2 to 15 years in whom surgery for extension-type supracondylar elbow fractures was delayed by more than 1 week. The 22 boys and 16 girls with a mean age of 5 years 3 months had severe fracture displacement (12 stages III and 26 stage IV according to Lagrange and Rigault classification scheme). The mean time to treatment was 7 days (range: 1-4 weeks). Open reduction and crossed K-wire fixation via the posterior approach were performed in all patients. Functional outcomes were evaluated using Flynn’s criteria.

Results:

Outcomes were satisfactory in 31 (81,5%) of patients. At last follow-up after a mean of 3 months, three (7,8%) patients had limited in elbow motion. No case of compartment syndrome, surgical site infection and re-operation.

Conclusion:

Despite an average time to surgery of 16 days, the outcome was satisfactory in (81,5%) of cases. Delayed treatment was not associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications.
PCL Reconstruction Using Adjustable Buttons with Outside-In Tunnel for Tibial Fixation: A case report
Authors: Suvarly Prettysia , Sindunata Nyoman Aditya , Siahaan Lasa Dhakka , Mandagi Tommy , Butarbutar John
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction needs a large and long graft. An allograft is a preferable option for thicker graft but its availability is limited in Indonesia. Alternatively, autograft needs to be folded several times for sufficient thickness but it will be shorter and only applicable for the inside-out method. We present a case of PCL reconstruction using a double adjustable button fixation with the outside-in tibia tunneling method.

Case Presentation:

A fifty-five-year-old male came to our office with an unstable right knee after he fell 1 month ago. Physical examination showed positive posterior drawer and mild right knee effusion, other findings were normal. MRI revealed a total PCL rupture. Two weeks later, the PCL reconstruction was done using autograft from gracillis and semitendinous. A large adjustable button was placed on the tibia tunnel, using the outside-in technique. Knee was stable postoperatively.

Discussion:

PCL reconstruction using double adjustable buttons was chosen to accommodate larger but shorter autografts. The outside-in tibial tunnel has less risk of graft laxity less expensive and more simple technically compared to inside-out adjustable button tunnel.

Conclusion:

Tibial fixation using an adjustable large button should be considered in PCL reconstruction with short autograft.
SHRM: A Research-based Overview for the Practitioner
Authors: Sagar Kannika
Published: November 2019

This article introduces the reader to the ‘strategic’ nature of strategic human resource management (SHRM), focusing on research in this area to show evidence for SHRM, but firmly grounding it with examples the author has close knowledge about that can explain how different a conventional/professional HRM practices can be from a strategic HR initiative/policy. The article facilitates the reader’s understanding of the significance of SHRM and ends with discussions on the future of SHRM.
MicroRNA-146a protects against myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury by targeting Med1
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Ma Yiwen , Gao Lin , Mao Chengyu , Zeng Huasu , Wang Xiaofei , Sun Yapin , Gu Jianmin , Wang Yue , Chen Kan , Han Zhihua , Fan Yuqi , Gu Jun , Zhang Junfeng , Wang Changqian
Published: November 2019

Background

Myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a difficult problem in clinical practice, and it may involve various microRNAs. This study investigated the role that endogenous microRNA-146a plays in myocardial ischaemia reperfusion and explored the possible target genes.

Methods

MIRI models were established in microRNA-146a deficient (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. MicroRNA-146a expression was evaluated in the myocardium of WT mice after reperfusion. The heart function, area of myocardium infarction and in situ apoptosis were compared between the KO and WT mice. Microarray was used to explore possible target genes of microRNA-146a, while qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assays were used for verification. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of the target gene and related signalling molecules. A rescue study was used for further testing.

Results

MicroRNA-146a was upregulated 1 h after reperfusion. MicroRNA-146a deficiency decreased heart function and increased myocardial infarction and apoptosis. Microarray detected 19 apoptosis genes upregulated in the KO mice compared with the WT mice. qRT-PCR and dual luciferase verified that Med1 was one target gene of microRNA-146a. TRAP220, encoded by Med1 in the KO mice, was upregulated, accompanied by an amplified ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and increased cleaved caspase-3. Inhibition of microRNA-146a in H9C2 cells caused increased TRAP220 expression and more apoptosis under the stimulus of hypoxia and re-oxygenation, while knockdown of the increased TRAP220 expression led to decreased cell apoptosis.

Conclusions

MicroRNA-146a exerts a protective effect against MIRI, which might be partially mediated by the target gene Med1 and related to the apoptosis signalling pathway.
Performance Enhancement of Modified 3D SWCNT/RVC Electrodes Using Microwave-Irradiated Graphene Oxide
Authors: Aldalbahi Ali , Rahaman Mostafizur , Almoiqli Mohammed
Published: November 2019

The goal of this article is to increase the electrode performance of 3D CNT/RVC electrodes by improving the ease of ion adsorption to and ion desorption from the electrode surfaces. This achievement was done by preparing different composites of synthesized microwave-irradiated graphene oxide (mwGO) with CNT and coated on RVC. The morphology of GO was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Its surface property was checked by energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectra; whereas, for mwGO by XRD, Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), which revealed some structural changes of GO after irradiation, where CNTs, being sandwiched between graphene layers, built 3D highly porous architecture inside the electrodes. The electrochemical test of composite electrodes showed increased electrodes conductivity and afforded rapid ions diffusion. It is observed that the 9-CNT/mwGO/RVC composite electrode performed as the best electrode, which showed 29% increment in specific capacitance value compared to the normal CNT/RVC electrode. This best electrode also showed very high cyclic stability in its cyclic voltammetry test that maintained 97% current stability after 2000 cycles, indicating that the electrode can be an effective material for water purification technology.

Graphical Abstract
The role of PPARγ in childhood obesity-induced fractures
Authors: McCann Matthew R. , Ratneswaran Anusha
Published: November 2019

Globally, obesity is on the rise with ~ 30% of the world’s population now obese, and childhood obesity is following similar trends. Childhood obesity has been associated with numerous chronic conditions, including musculoskeletal disorders. This review highlights the effects of childhood adiposity on bone density by way of analyzing clinical studies and further describing two severe skeletal conditions, slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Blount’s disease. The latter half of this review discusses bone remodeling and cell types that mediate bone growth and strength, including key growth factors and transcription factors that help orchestrate this complex pathology. In particular, the transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is examined as it is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can also influence osteoblast populations. Obese individuals are known to have higher levels of PPARγ expression which contributes to their increased adipocyte numbers and decreased bone density. Modulating PPAR*gamma* signaling can have significant effects on adipogenesis, thereby directing MSCs down the osteoblastogenesis pathway and in turn increasing bone mineral density. Lastly, we explore the potential of PPARγ as a druggable target to decrease adiposity, increase bone density, and be a treatment for children with obesity-induced bone fractures.
A note on genetic parameters and accuracy of estimated breeding values in honey bees
Authors: Brascamp Evert W. , Bijma Piter
Published: November 2019

Background

In honey bees, observations are usually made on colonies. The phenotype of a colony is affected by the average breeding value for the worker effect of the thousands of workers in the colony (the worker group) and by the breeding value for the queen effect of the queen of the colony. Because the worker group consists of multiple individuals, interpretation of the variance components and heritabilities of phenotypes observed on the colony and of the accuracy of selection is not straightforward. The additive genetic variance among worker groups depends on the additive genetic relationship between the drone-producing queens (DPQ) that produce the drones that mate with the queen.

Results

Here, we clarify how the relatedness between DPQ affects phenotypic variance, heritability and accuracy of the estimated breeding values of replacement queens. Second, we use simulation to investigate the effect of assumptions about the relatedness between DPQ in the base population on estimates of genetic parameters. Relatedness between DPQ in the base generation may differ considerably between populations because of their history.

Conclusions

Our results show that estimates of (co)variance components and derived genetic parameters were seriously biased (25% too high or too low) when assumptions on the relationship between DPQ in the statistical analysis did not agree with reality.
An isoform of the plastid RNA polymerase-associated protein FSD3 negatively regulates chloroplast development
Authors: Lee Sangyool , Joung Young Hee , Kim Ju-Kon , Do Choi Yang , Jang Geupil
Published: November 2019

Background

Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) plays an essential role in chloroplast development by governing the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. At least 12 PEP-associated proteins (PAPs), including FSD3/PAP4, regulate PEP activity and chloroplast development by modulating formation of the PEP complex.

Results

In this study, we identified FSD3S, a splicing variant of FSD3; the FSD3 and FSD3S transcripts encode proteins with identical N-termini, but different C-termini. Characterization of FSD3 and FSD3S proteins showed that the C-terminal region of FSD3S contains a transmembrane domain, which promotes FSD3S localization to the chloroplast membrane but not to nucleoids, in contrast to FSD3, which localizes to the chloroplast nucleoid. We also found that overexpression of FSD3S negatively affects photosynthetic activity and chloroplast development by reducing expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. In addition, FSD3S failed to complement the chloroplast developmental defects in the fsd3 mutant.

Conclusion

These results suggest FSD3 and FSD3S, with their distinct localization patterns, have different functions in chloroplast development, and FSD3S negatively regulates expression of PEP-dependent chloroplast genes, and development of chloroplasts.
The association of MTHFR C677T variant with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly population: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Chang Guilin , Kuai Zheng , Wang Jia , Wu Jiayu , Xu Kan , Yuan Ying , Hu Yu
Published: November 2019

Background

C677T point mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene have been found to be associated with ischemic stroke in general population, while the results seem inconsistent. We aim to assess the association between variant MTHFR C677T variant and increased risk of ischemic stroke and focus on the elderly population.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with the two-tailed 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using a random effects model to evaluate any possible association. Among the Chinese and non-Chinese populations, we conducted a subgroup analysis.

Results

The electronic database search yielded 1,358 citations as of December 2017; finally, nine case-control studies involving 3,337 subjects fulfilled our eligibility criteria for inclusion in the study. The pooled results showed that MTHFR C677T variant increased the risk of ischemic stroke (OR = 1.23, 95%CI 1.06–1.43,P = 0.0067 for CT + TT vs. CC; OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.01–1.38,P = 0.0333 for CT vs. CC; OR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.14–1.75,P = 0.0016 for TT vs. CC; OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.05–1.54,P = 0.0145 for TT vs. CC + CT; OR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.06–1.31,P = 0.0023 for T-allele vs. C-allele). Further subgroup analyses in the Chinese population indicated that MTHFR C677T variant was associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that T-allele increases risk for stroke in the pooled sample. This association was statistically significant in the Chinese cohorts and showed a similar trend in the non-Chinese cohorts. (Word count: 237).