bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PODER DE FATO E PODER DE DIREITO NO EXERCÍCIO DA SOBERANIA POPULAR: DA VONTADE GERAL COMO CONDIÇÃO PARA A INSTAURAÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA
Authors: Mariano da Rosa Luiz Carlos
Published: September 2021

Baseada na teoria de Rousseau, a pesquisa assinala que, consistindo na condição sine qua non para o exercício dasoberania popular em uma construção que converge para as fronteiras que encerram a Constituição e o Estado, aVontade Geral envolve a possibilidade de articulação da totalidade dos homens na condição de indivíduos em suaconcreticidade histórico-cultural e econômico-social, o que implica a universalidade concreta, que advém do conjuntode vontades e fato econômico que caracteriza a sociedade e a dinâmica das relações intersubjetivas. Dessaforma, fundamentado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, o artigo dialoga com a perspectiva da teoria institucional deCastoriadis, Lapassade e Lourau, defendendo que, caracterizando-se como um processo ético-jurídico de deliberaçãocoletiva que implica a objetivação dos valores, necessidades e fins do povo como corpo coletivo e moral pormeio de um movimento econômico-político que envolve os momentos que encerram o instituído, o instituinte e ainstitucionalização, a Vontade Geral converte o conteúdo político-social em poder de direito. Assim sendo, convergindopara a superação da universalidade de um Direito que encerra um “dever-ser” e uma exterioridade coercitivaque se impõe em nome do bem comum da totalidade político-jurídica e econômico-social do Estado, a pesquisamostra que a Vontade Geral se sobrepõe à ruptura que, envolvendo a ordem jurídica e a ordem social, caracteriza ainstituição estatal sob a égide do liberalismo, possibilitando a instauração da democracia participativa.
THE CASE OF A HERO: DEHEROIZED STORY MODEL AND NEW PROCESSES OF IDENTIFICATION IN THE EARLY BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN SHORT STORY
Authors: Avdagić Anisa
Published: September 2021

This work discusses the short story by Svetozar Corovic Mujagino junastvo. as an example of the narrative transition onto a deheroized model of a historical story which relates to a different concept of history and different processes of identification.
MANNER ADVERBIAL COMPLEMENT IN BOSNIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, Bulić Halid
Published: September 2021

Some words require that the sentence in which they serve as predicate must state the specific circumstances and if it is absent the sentence would be grammatically incorrect. This means that the valence of certain verbs require that they must be complemented by specific adverbial
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL LAWS FOR THE PROTECTION AND REALIZATION OF RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors:   Government of Middle Bosnia Canton, Milanović Sedžad , Sefer Elvira ,   Government of Middle Bosnia Canton
Published: September 2021

The legal regulation of the persons with mental disabilities their support primarily finds in international legal acts of which provisions each state by their free determination incorporate into their regulations and coordinate them with the national legal norms.
On one approach to assessing the conflictological competence of a manager using the method of mathematical modeling
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bandejkina Natalia N. , Kryukova Tatyana V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the formulation of the problem of assessing conflictological competence by means of mathematical modeling. An analysis of existing definitions of this concept is provided. Conflictological competence as the most important feature of a manager’s professionalism is a complex concept that assumes the presence of theoretical knowledge about the possible ways to work with a conflict, a certain set of skills for their practical application and the necessary personal and professional qualities for effective conflict management in the interests of the organization. Conflictological competence of a leader can be defined as an integral assessment of the degree of achievement of goals at the stages of conflict management: the readiness of the leader to prevent conflict, conflict resolution and overcoming its negative consequences. The content model of the conflict is considered as the basis of modeling. To translate this model into mathematical language, the analitic hierarch process (AHP) by Thomas L. Saaty, which has its own software Super Decisions, is used. As a result of the use of AHP, the relative degree of interaction of elements in the hierarchy, the priorities of alternatives and the optimal solution are determined. In the article on the example of conflict in an organization, AHP is used to assess the conflictological competence of the leader. The proposed analytical toolkit can be effectively utilized by experts, managers and decision makers to assess conflictological competence.
Network, procedural and cognitive components of digital public governance implementation designs: Тhe experience of European countries
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Volkova Anna V. , Kulakova Tatyana A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2021

The authors of the article aimed to study institutional designs for implementing digital public governance in the context of the problem of state governance. It was revealed that digital designs act as ways to ensure the implementation of the rules laid down in the system. They are focused on the development of communication skills, on preventing or minimizing conflicts in public policy, but do not exclude the risks of developing dysfunctions and serious contradictions. The article presents the results of a comparative study of the digitalization policy of European leaders in this area, Estonia and Germany, where there is a tendency to “slow down” innovations: uneven implementation of digital technologies in business and public governance, a wary attitude of citizens, a stable number of political and cultural attitudes and a focus more on regulation rather than coordination in Internet management. Contradictions between the network, procedural and cognitive components of digital public governance implementation designs appear. The authors believe that the gap with practically implemented technologies increases due to the existence of organizational and institutional barriers that need to be overcome in various ways (process, cognitive, etc.). Organizational barriers can be removed directly by state managers, while institutional barriers are the subject of policy initiatives. The novelty of the study lies in the recognition of the mobilization effect of “coercive digitalization”. In the context of the pandemic, this mobilization was based on stable (stereotypical) interaction practices. According to the authors, as the forms of cooperation deepen, mutual long-term obligations become the main requirement and the state should create incentives for it. This is what prompts the demand for mutual responsibility of the digitalization “apostles”, users and the state.
Orthodox samizdat in Chuvashia in the 1960s–1980s
Authors:   I. Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University, Berman Andrew G.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of Orthodox church samizdat in the second half of the 20th century. The term Orthodox samizdat used in this article refers to a set of texts reproduced in an artisanal way and distributed in church goers circle without the sanction of the church or secular authorities. In the conditions of Soviet reality, the church circles were a deep periphery of public life and was formed from the marginalized or those pushed out by the Soviet authorities to the social margins. The specific position of church people in the USSR determined the repertoire of samizdat texts and their ideological orientation. The source base for this article was formed by a large library of church samizdat left after the death of Elizabeth Feodorovna Zakharova, an active parishioner of the Vvedensky Cathedral in Cheboksary. Zakharova was a typical representative of the church goers. The article reviews the genres of works that were available as the samizdat in Zakharova’s library: liturgical texts, artisan copies of pre-revolutionary publications, spiritual verses, thematic collections, folklore, apologetic literature, eschatologicaland conspiralogical texts, etc. One of the peculiarities of the existence of Orthodox samizdat in Chuvashia was that many texts circulated in translations into the Chuvash language. Among the features of Cheboksary samizdat is the replication of the prosaic translation of John Milton’s poems “Paradise Lost” and “Paradise Regained”. Church samizdat performed a number of important functions in church circles: it solved the problem of demand for liturgical and doctrinal literature in deficit conditions, shared uncensored texts, rallied church people and could besource of additional income. In general, church samizdat was an important part of the culture of the church circle during the Soviet era. The spelling and punctuation features of the original unpublished sources are preserved in the article when cited.
Monitoring the human right to water in California: development and implementation of a framework and data tool
Authors: Balazs C. , Goddard J. J. , Chang C. , Zeise L. , Faust J.
Published: September 2021

Ensuring the human right to water requires monitoring at national or subnational levels, but few comprehensive frameworks exist for industrialized contexts. This paper introduces a subnational-level framework – known as the California Human Right to Water Framework and Data Tool (CalHRTW) – developed by the authors at the California EPA's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. This paper has two objectives: (1) to present the theoretical foundations and methodology used to develop the first version of CalHRTW (CalHRTW 1.0) and (2) to showcase how results can be used. CalHRTW 1.0 measures three components of the human right to water: drinking water quality, accessibility and affordability for community water systems in California. Nine individual indicators grouped by component, and three indices that summarize component-level outcomes are used to quantify system-level results. CalHRTW allows users to: (1) summarize system-level conditions statewide and identify challenges, (2) explore social equity implications and (3) centralize information for planning. CalHRTW draws on approaches from existing international monitoring efforts and complements existing California efforts by being the first US effort to comprehensively and explicitly monitor the HRTW under one umbrella. This work offers other US states and countries a model to build monitoring efforts to realize the human right to water.
Removal of microplastics from wastewater through electrocoagulation-electroflotation and membrane filtration processes
Authors: Akarsu Ceyhun , Kumbur Halil , Kideys Ahmet Erkan
Published: September 2021

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the major vectors of microplastics (MPs) pollution for the recipient water bodies. Therefore, the recovery of MPs from WWTPs is extremely important for decreasing their accumulation and impact in aquatic systems. In this present study, the electrocoagulation-electroflotation (EC/EF) and membrane filtration processes were investigated in removing MPs from wastewaters. The effectiveness of different electrode combinations (Fe-Al and Al-Fe), current density (10–20 A/m2), pH (4.0–10.0) and operating times (0–120 min) on the removal of two different polymer particles in water were investigated to obtain maximum treatment efficiency. The effect of pressure (1–3 bar) on membrane filtration removal efficiency was also investigated. The maximum removal efficiencies were obtained as 100% for both polymer types with electrode combination of Al-Fe, initial pH of 7, current density of 20 A/m2 and reaction time of 10 min. The membrane filtration method also displayed a 100% removal efficiency. In addition, these laboratory-scale results were compared with the one-year average data of a plant treating with real-scale membranes. The results indicated that the proposed processes supplied maximum removal efficiency (100%) compared to conventional secondary and tertiary treatment methods (2–81.6%) in the removal of microplastics.
The Use of Modern Suture Material in Perineoplasty in Maternity Patients
Authors: Gurina Anna Vadimovna , Mardeev Rustam Rashidovich
Published: September 2021

The artile examines innovative method of prophylaxis of complications of perineotomy with the use of modern material of guy-sutures with antibacterial coverage at renewal of integrity of crotch for women in puerperas with the inflammatory diseases of vagina.
Potential Units of Verb Synthesis: Properties and Possibilities (on the Material of the Russian Verbs of Sound)
Authors: Ivlieva Irina Valentinovna
Published: September 2021

The study identifies features of potential modifications and lacuna-forming modifiers involved in word-formation synthesis in the process of generating new verbs. The scientific novelty of this study is in the differentiated representation of lexical-semantic and morphological means (verbal modifiers) that are capable, on the one hand, of synthesizing a desired meaning (verbal modification) and, on the other hand, of producing lexical gaps (lacunae). As a result of analyzing the specific modifiers and modifications with respect to the lexical-semantic group of verbs of sound, the new products of synthesis (potential modifications) have been identified. The conditions for the appearance of lacunae and the role of the lacunae-forming modifiers are demonstrated. Through a special project at the Missouri S&T (USA) using the data from the Russian National Corpus, for the first time in lexicographic practice, novel modifications, previously considered non-existent, are introduced.
Hydrogeological context and hydrogeoarchaeological heritage associated with the La Mota Fortress (Alcalá la Real, province of Jaén, southern Spain)
Authors: Mudarra Martínez Matías , González Ramón Antonio , Roldán-García Francisco , Peinado Parra Tomás , Calvo Aguilar Carlos , Hidalgo Cano José Luis , Martos Rosillo Sergio
Published: September 2021

La Mota Fortress is a medieval military enclosure erected on the upper part of the homonymous hill, in Alcalá la Real (province of Jaén, southern Spain). Although previous vestiges have been found, the fortress reached its greatest splendour during the Nasrid-dynasty period (13th and 14th centuries). Its geographical location, in the limit between the old Christian and Muslim kingdoms, conferred a great strategic value to this military complex as a defensive bastion in the northern border of the ancient Kingdom of Granada. This fact caused the citadel to repeatedly be besieged and its inhabitants put into practice a particular system for water supply, based on the combined use of groundwater, stored in the calcareous sandstones of Tortonian age, and rainwater, collected in numerous cisterns sited within city walls. In this paper, the potential interest of this particular supply system is analyzed and discussed. To this end, we describe the hydrogeological functioning of the small aquifer on which the Nasrid fortress was built, and the system of underground wells and galleries that was hidden inside. In addition, the water resources and possible groundwater reserves are evaluated and their  physico-chemical characteristics are detailed. Finally, the relevance in the water supply system of one of the most significant withdrawal facilities (Pozo de la Conquista) is analyzed, as well as the role played by the well in the conquest of the city by the Christian troops of Alfonso XI.
Climatic periodicities and astrochronological dating of the Enciso Group in the eastern Cameros Basin (N of Spain)
Authors: Muñoz Arsenio , Angulo Ana , Liesa Carlos L. , Luzón Mª Aránzazu , Mayayo Mª José , Pérez Antonio , Soria Ana R. , Val Víctor , Yuste Alfonso
Published: September 2021

This study presents the cyclostratigraphic analysis of a detailed, 1,371 m-thick stratigraphic section logged in the Lower Cretaceous syn-rift lacustrine and alluvial deposits of the Enciso Group, in the eastern Cameros Basin. The spectral analysis of a time series based on lithology reveals periodic sedimentary cycles attributable to variations in the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun (131.8 and 39.9 m-thick sedimentary cycles for the long and short orbital eccentricity cycle) and to changes in the obliquity (12.6 m-thick cycle) and the two precession modes (7.7-5.5 m-thick cycles) of the Earth’s rotation axis. We have constructed a floating astrochronological time scale based on the spectral analysis allowing us to propose that the time interval registered in the studied series is ca. 5.4-5.7 Ma, and to estimate an average sedimentation rate of ~255-239 m/Ma. The presence of cycles representing a similar time span but having different thickness, reveals a higher influence of tectonic activity in the central and upper parts of the succession, and discriminate tectonic from climatic signal, the latter being significant throughout the succession. The sedimentary facies and paleontological content of the studied profile,  deposited very close to the coastline, have allowed us to interpret a deepening-shallowing cycle that it is proposed to be eustasy-related (transgressive-regressive cycle). The anchoring of this cycle with the sea level curve in combination with the scarce paleontological dates permit the Enciso Group to be located in the Hauterivian-Barremian, that was approximately deposited between 132.5-126.8 or 132.3-126.9 Ma, depending on whether the short or long eccentricity cycle is considered, respectively.
Implications of DFN Model Selection in Open Pit Bench Stability Analyses
Authors: Grenon Martin , Hadjigeorgiou John
Published: September 2021

A coupled Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) – Limit Equilibrium Analysis (LEA) approach to the design of bench face slopes in open pit mines has significant advantages over conventional analyses. The reliability of this approach is directly related to the quality of the input data and the ability for the generated DFN to adequately capture the characteristics of the rock mass. Different DFN model generators have specific input requirements and inherent  assumptions. This paper addresses the critical issue of selecting an appropriate DFN model. Through a worked example, it illustrates the implications of selecting a series of different DFN models and generators on the stability analyses, and interpretation of the results. This is shown to have significant impact on the design of open pit slopes.
Geology of the Fe-Pb-Ag "Mina Rica" deposit, Pulpí (Almería, Spain)
Authors: Palero Fernando J. , Canals Àngels , Van Driessche Alexander , García-Ruiz Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

The “Mina Rica” (the Rich Mine), located in the district of Pilar de Jaravía, in the municipality of Pulpi (Almería province, Spain), has become internationally renowned for the great geode of selenite gypsum discovered in its interior. The ore deposit is located in a NE-SW dextral shear band, affected by a system of NNE-SSW sinistral faults. The deposit is composed of two hectometric blocks of weakly deformed rocks with a pod shape, which are constituted by a folded and faulted alternation of limestone and dolomites, and to a lesser amount, gypsum and phyllites, all with a general NNESSW orientation and strong dipping to the W. In the time sequence of the mineral phases present in the “Mina Rica” we can distinguish a first stratabound, mineralization of iron carbonates that fossilizes the Serravallian age deformation. Baryte mineralization is associated with the Tortonian movements and celestine mineralization with the Messinian ones. Gypsum, which crystallized at a temperature of below 25ºC, was the last major sulphated mineral phase to be formed, and this took place after the Pliocene vertical replays. Moreover, this study – the cartographic underpinning of which has served as the basis for the recovery and musealization of the mine – has enabled us to discover the enormous potential that the “Mina Rica” has as a centre for geological and geo-mining practical teaching, beyond the indisputable lure of its Great Geode. We foresee that the results presented in this study will be the basis for the use of the “Mina Rica” as an educational tool to help train future generations of geologists and mining engineers.
An outstanding technical milestone: construction of the Nuestra Señora de Belén adit in the mercury mine of Huancavelica (Peru, 1606-1642)
Authors: Orche Enrique , Amaré María Pilar
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the genesis and construction of the Nuestra Señora de Belén adit which allowed the Huancavelica mine to continue to be exploited from 1642 until the end of the colonial period. It is a long gallery (520 m), with a large section (3x3 m), and its construction has not previously been published in full except for some specific episodes. Amongst other sources, original documents from the protagonists themselves have been consulted in order to describe it step by step, including both the need for the work and its development during the years it lasted. In the final stage of its construction, gunpowder was used as a gallery explosive for the first time in America; an important modification was also introduced in the organization of labour which consisted of changing from the public model to the hiring of a private one, which substantially improved progress. The gallery penetrated the mine after having been redirected several times by the technical controls carried out on it.
Antiretroviral Treatment and Antihypertensive Therapy
Authors: Robles Nicolás R. , Fici Francesco , Valladares Julian , Grassi Guido
Published: September 2021

The presence of hypertension among the population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has
become a new threat to the health and well-being of people living with this disease, in particular, among those
who received antiretroviral therapy. The estimated prevalence of high blood pressure in HIV‐infected patients is
significantly higher than the rate observed in HIV‐uninfected subjects. The approach to the HIV-positive patient
requires the assessment of individual cardiovascular risk and its consideration when designing the individualized
target. On the other hand, the numerous pharmacological interactions of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are essential
elements to take into account. Serum levels of any kind of antihypertensive drugs may be influenced by
the coadministration of protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or other antiretroviral.
Similarly, plasma concentrations of antiretroviral drugs can be increased by the concomitant use of calcium
channel blockers or diuretics. In this regard, the treatment of high blood pressure in HIV patients should be preferentially
based on ACE inhibitors or thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics or their combination.
siRNA as a Potential Therapy for COVID-19
Authors: Aljaberi Ahmad , Migdadi Eman M. , Khadra Khalid M. Abu , Samak Mahmoud Abu , Basheti Iman A. , Al-Zoubi Nizar
Published: September 2021

:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a highly contagious
virus causing COVID-19 disease that severely impacted the world health, education, and
economy systems in 2020. The numbers of infection cases and reported deaths are still increasing
with no specific treatment identified yet to halt this pandemic. Currently, several proposed treatments
are under preclinical and clinical investigations now, alongside the race to vaccinate as
many individuals as possible. The genome of SARS-CoV2 shares a similar gene organization as
other viruses in the Coronaviridae family. It is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA. This feature
suggests that RNA interference (RNAi) is an attractive prophylactic and therapeutic option for the
control of this pandemic and other possible future pandemics of the corona viruses. RNAi utilizes
the use of siRNA molecules, which are 21-29 nt duplexes RNA molecules that intervene with targeted
gene expression in the cytoplasm by a specific mechanism of complementary destruction of
mRNA. Previous experience with SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
showed that siRNA molecules were effective against these viruses in vitro and in vivo. Moreover,
there have been extensive advances in siRNA technology in the past decade from chemistry and target
selection considerations; which concluded with the successful approval of two commercial
products based on siRNA technology. In addition, the current knowledge of the genome structure
and functionality of the corona viruses enables the recognition of conserved sequences to optimize
siRNA targeting and avoid viral escape through mutations, either for the current SARS-CoV2 as
well as future corona viruses.
Assessment of Amentoflavone Loaded Sub-Micron Particle Preparation using
Supercritical Antisolvent for its Antitumor Activity
Authors: Ge Fahuan , Duan Shulei , Jia Jing fu , Hong Biao , Zhou Jie , Zhang Yi , Li Ming
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

The amentoflavone (AMF) loaded polymeric sub-micron particles were
prepared using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technology with the aim of improving the anticancer
activity of AMF.

Methods:

Zein and phospholipid mixtures composed of Hydrogenated Phosphatidylcholine (HPC)
and egg lecithin (EPC) were used as carrier materials and, the effects of carrier composition on the
product morphology and drug release behavior were investigated. When the mass ratio of Zein/HPC/
EPC was 7/2/1, the AMF loaded particles were spherical shape and sub-micron sized around
400 nm, with a drug load of 4.3±0.3 w% and entrapment efficacy of 87.8±1.8%. The in vitro drug
release assay showed that adding EPC in the wall materials could improve the dispersion stability
of the released AMF in an aqueous medium, and the introduction of HPC could accelerate the drug
release speed.

Results:

MTT assay demonstrated that AMF-loaded micron particles have an improved inhibitory
effect on A375 cells, whose IC50 was 37.39μg/ml, compared with that of free AMF(130.2μg/ml).

Conclusion:

It proved that the AMF loaded sub-micron particles prepared by SAS were a prospective
strategy to improve the antitumor activity of AMF, and possibly promote the clinical use of
AMF preparations.
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Healthcare Workers in Iran: An Urgent Need for Early Identification and Management
Authors: Abdolsalehi Mohammad Reza , Mahmoudi Shima , Badv Reza Shervin , Pourakbari Babak , Mirnia Kayvan , Mahmoudieh Yasmine , Mamishi Setareh
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

With the increasing rate of COVID-19, particularly in developing countries such as Iran, a high number of frontline service providers, including doctors and nurses, have died, making frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) more vulnerable to psychological disorders and fear and anxiety of secondary transmission to others, especially their family members. In this study, we aimed to report the incidence of COVID-19 infection among HCWs in an Iranian referral pediatrics hospital between April 2020 and July 2020.

Material and Methods:

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, HCWs and hospital staff working at Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, with positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results were evaluated between April 2020 and July 2020.

Results:

Sixty-one out of the 1085 personnel (5.6%) including 14 pediatricians (23%), 24 nurses (39%), 9 paramedics (15%), and 14 HCWs without direct patient contact (23%) had a nasopharyngeal specimen positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. The mean age was 39.8±10.6 years. Eleven cases (18%) had underlying diseases such as hypertension and asthma. The most common symptoms were fatigue (67%, n=41), dry cough (61%, n=37), fever (52%, n=32), headache (46%, n=28), dyspnea (43%, n=24), anosmia (28%, n=17), chills (26%, n=16), sore throat (26%, n=16), gastrointestinal symptoms (23%, n=14), and productive cough (3%, n=2). Eleven cases (18%) showed lung involvement in their chest X-rays and/or CT scans. Eighteen cases (29.5%) had lymphopenia, and 20 individuals (33%) had a high level of C-reactive protein.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, a substantial proportion of HCWs with fever, respiratory, and other prevalent symptoms including fatigue and headache were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, implementation of infection prevention measures, isolation of confirmed HCWs, disinfection of the environment, and regular COVID-19 prevention training for HCWs are strongly recommended for the wellbeing of health workers and minimizing the spread of infection.
Recent Patents on Ball Bearing
Authors: Pan Cheng-Yi , Tang Jun-Hong , Hu Bing-Tao
Published: September 2021

Background:

Ball bearings are widely used in industry. They are core components of
mechanical equipment. The research on the structural improvement of ball bearings is beneficial to
enhancing the performance of bearing. Comparing with traditional structure, novel ball bearing has
brought a lot of advantages and solved many problems in the working.

Objective:

The study aims to report the latest research on the structure of ball bearings and provides
a reference for scholars and engineers.

Methods:

This paper reviews various representative patents related to ball bearings in principal aspects,
such as lubrication, sealing, temperature, vibration, noise, and intelligence.

Results :

Through retracing the characteristics of different types of ball bearings, the main existing
problems in the current situation are summarized and analyzed. The future development of patents
on the structure of ball bearing is discussed.

Conclusion:

The structural improvement of ball bearing is conducive to the development of bearing
technology. Ball bearings with characteristics of simple structure, intelligence and integration will
have a good prospect in the future.
Toxicity and Tolerability of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT with a Modified Administered
Activity Protocol in NETs of Variable Origin – A Phase 2 Registry
Study
Authors: Khatami Alireza , Sistani Golmehr , Sutherland Duncan E. K. , DeBrabandere Sarah , Reid Robert H. , Laidley David T.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has been recently approved
for advanced, metastatic, or progressive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Objectives:

This study reports the adverse events (AEs) observed with patient-tailored administered
activity.

Methods:

Fifty-two PRRT naive patients were treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE. The administered
activity ranges between 2.78 and 5.55 GBq/cycle using the patient's unique characteristics (age,
symptoms, blood work, and biomarkers).

Results:

The protocol was well tolerated with the overwhelming majority of participants being forty-
six (88%), completing all 4 induction therapy cycles. The median cumulative administered activity
was 19.6 GBq (ranged 3.8-22.3 GBq). A total of 42/52 (81%) reported at least one symptom,
and 43/52 (83%) had evidence of biochemical abnormality at enrollment that would meet grade 1
or 2 criteria for AEs. These symptoms only slightly increase with treatment to 50/52 (96%) and
51/52 (98%), respectively. The most common symptoms were mild fatigue (62%), shortness of
breath (50%), nausea (44%), abdominal pain (38%), and musculoskeletal pain (37%). The most
common biomarker abnormalities were mild anemia (81%), reduced estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR) (58%), increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (50%), and leukopenia (37%). Of
critical importance, no 177Lu-DOTATATE related grade 3 or 4 AEs were observed.

Conclusion:

Tailoring the administered activity of 177Lu-DOTATATE to the individual patient
with a variety of NETs is both safe and well-tolerated. No patient developed severe grade 3 or 4
AEs. Most patients exhibit symptoms or biochemical abnormality before treatment and this only
slightly worsens following induction therapy.
Cardboard formulation made from banana stalks and coconut coir using linear programming method
Authors: Ihwah Azimmatul , Astuti Retno , Santoso E. F. Sri Maryani , Ulfah Afifah
Published: September 2021

Malang Regency produced 690,136 tons banana in 2016. The banana production is in line with the waste (banana stalks). Banana stalks contain 83.3% cellulose and 2.97% lignin, of which can be used as raw material for paperboard making. However, the banana leaf paper has a low tensile strength of 7.45 N/mm2, so additional fibers to strengthen the paper is necessary, such as coconut coir which has a tensile strength of 46.67 N/mm2. This research aimed to formulate the material for paper making, such as the fiber source (banana fronds and coconut coir), filler (tapioca), and water to produce paperboard with minimal costs. The research was conducted using a linear programming method with LINDO software. The formulation of a sheet of cardboard produced was 34.79 g of dry banana stalks, 19.20 g of coconut coir, 6.00 g of tapioca, 136.08 g of NaOH, 2080 mL of distilled water, and 1000 mL of water with manufacturing cost of IDR 6,931.15. The paper characteristics has gramature of 323.8 g/m2, moisture content of 19.75%, water absorption test of 743.2 g/m2, tensile resistance of 1.4 kN/m, and stiffness of 5.7 mN.m.
Adaptation of breakfast serving mechanism during Covid-19, and management of food surplus in two-star hotel (Case study on Amaris Hotel, Bandung)
Authors: Saragi Gilang Pratama , Ekayani Meti , Martianto Drajat
Published: September 2021

Covid-19 conditions force hotels to change the mechanism of breakfast serving system, which was previously done in a buffet. This is because buffet breakfast is the time for hotel guests to gather with each other, but this is not in accordance with the Covid-19 health protocol. Besides, the buffet method also caused food surplus because the hotel had to prepare more food than the number of guests. The food surplus has the potential to become food waste if not utilised. The purpose of this research was to provide an overview of the amount of food loss from the producer side, both in terms of resources and the economy from buffet breakfast activities at hotel, and provide options for breakfast serving at hotels during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted at a two-star hotel in Bandung using survey, observation, and interview methods. The results of this research indicated that the breakfast serving method during a pandemic could be done by room service mechanism. The potential for food waste from food surplus comes mostly from the main course menu, especially carbohydrate (rice) group with 48%. If food surplus is not managed, it could become a large loss potential in both resources and economic. What is significant from this research is that this research was carried out from the producer's side, by managing the food surplus from the serving container and not from the hotel guest plate. Thus, the research results can be used as a reference for environmentally friendly hotel management.
The effect of wet-salting preservation method on the physicochemical and microbial quality of Dasyatis sp.
Authors: Rohmanna Novianti Adi , Majid Zuliyan Agus Nur Muchlis , Rabbani Syifa' , Kumalaningsih Sri , Sucipto Sucipto
Published: September 2021

Microbial Dasyatis sp. (stingray fish) was a popular fish in Indonesia. Commonly, this fish is processed into smoked fish and perishable products. Therefore, it needs a preservation method through the handling process. Wet salting was considered as an efficient and inexpensive preservation method. This study aimed to determine the effect of brine concentration on the physicochemical and microbial quality of Dasyatis sp. The research used a Completely Randomized Design with factor of brine concentration (i.e. 10%, 20% and 30%). The statistical analysis consists of variance analysis (ANOVA) and followed by LSD or DMRT test (α=5%). The fish sample was soaked in brine solution at different concentrations for one hour. Total crude protein, physicochemical (total volatile basic nitrogen/TVB-N, tri-methyl amine/TMA, and pH), and (total plate count/TPC) were analyzed. The results showed that the brine concentration effect of physicochemical and microbiological of Dasyatis sp (p<0.05). The best treatment was obtained at the application of 10% brine concentration, which had physicochemical parameters as follows: 6.92 pH, 6.110 mgN/100g TVB-N, 5.520 mgN/100g TMA, 16.78 % protein, and 0.537x105 CFU/ml TPC.
PENETAPAN KADAR TOTAL ARSENIK DALAM MAKANAN PENDAMPING AIR SUSU IBU DENGAN INSTRUMEN AAS-HVG: VERIFIKASI METODE DAN PERBANDINGAN PROGRAM MICROWAVE
Authors: Lioe Hanifah Nuryani , Suyanto Suyanto , Giriwono Puspo Edi , Fardiaz Dedi
Published: September 2021

Pemilihan program digesti sampel dengan microwave penting dilakukan untuk memperoleh hasil destruksi yang sempurna. Kesempurnaan destruksi sampel menentukan keberterimaan parameter verifikasi metode yaitu akurasi, presisi, linearitas dan sensitivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih metode destruksi microwave dalam penetapan total arsenik dalam MP-ASI menggunakan AAS-HVG. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap parameter verifikasi metode dan perbandingan dua program microwave dilakukan dengan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program destruksi microwave pertama (P1) lebih baik daripada program microwave pembanding (P2) yang menghasilkan rata-rata recovery 84,79% hingga 104,57% untuk sampel bermatriks makanan dan 64,43% untuk sampel air. Presisi metode terpilih menghasilkan rata-rata RSD 6,63% hingga 13,41% untuk sampel bermatriks dan 4,66% untuk sampel air. Linearitas metode pada program terpilih menunjukkan R: 0,997 dengan koefisien variasi regresi Vx0: 4,24%, sedangkan batas deteksi dan batas kuantifikasi sebagai parameter sensitivitas berturut-turut 0,04 ng/g dan 0,12 ng/g untuk sampel bermatriks serta 0,01 ng/ml dan 0,02 ng/ml untuk sampel air. Metode penetapan kadar total arsenik dengan program microwave terpilih memenuhi syarat keberterimaan menurut uji verifikasi metode.
Evaluation of Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Using Smartphone Sensor Features: Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Meyerhoff Jonah , Liu Tony , Kording Konrad P , Ungar Lyle H , Kaiser Susan M , Karr Chris J , Mohr David C
Published: September 2021

Background

The assessment of behaviors related to mental health typically relies on self-report data. Networked sensors embedded in smartphones can measure some behaviors objectively and continuously, with no ongoing effort.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate whether changes in phone sensor–derived behavioral features were associated with subsequent changes in mental health symptoms.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study examined continuously collected phone sensor data and symptom severity data, collected every 3 weeks, over 16 weeks. The participants were recruited through national research registries. Primary outcomes included depression (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire), generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale), and social anxiety (Social Phobia Inventory) severity. Participants were adults who owned Android smartphones. Participants clustered into 4 groups: multiple comorbidities, depression and generalized anxiety, depression and social anxiety, and minimal symptoms.

Results

A total of 282 participants were aged 19-69 years (mean 38.9, SD 11.9 years), and the majority were female (223/282, 79.1%) and White participants (226/282, 80.1%). Among the multiple comorbidities group, depression changes were preceded by changes in GPS features (Time: r=−0.23, P=.02; Locations: r=−0.36, P<.001), exercise duration (r=0.39; P=.03) and use of active apps (r=−0.31; P<.001). Among the depression and anxiety groups, changes in depression were preceded by changes in GPS features for Locations (r=−0.20; P=.03) and Transitions (r=−0.21; P=.03). Depression changes were not related to subsequent sensor-derived features. The minimal symptoms group showed no significant relationships. There were no associations between sensor-based features and anxiety and minimal associations between sensor-based features and social anxiety.

Conclusions

Changes in sensor-derived behavioral features are associated with subsequent depression changes, but not vice versa, suggesting a directional relationship in which changes in sensed behaviors are associated with subsequent changes in symptoms.
Evaluation of Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Using Smartphone Sensor Features: Longitudinal Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Meyerhoff Jonah , Liu Tony , Kording Konrad P , Ungar Lyle H , Kaiser Susan M , Karr Chris J , Mohr David C
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The assessment of behaviors related to mental health typically relies on self-report data. Networked sensors embedded in smartphones can measure some behaviors objectively and continuously, with no ongoing effort.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate whether changes in phone sensor–derived behavioral features were associated with subsequent changes in mental health symptoms.

METHODS

This longitudinal cohort study examined continuously collected phone sensor data and symptom severity data, collected every 3 weeks, over 16 weeks. The participants were recruited through national research registries. Primary outcomes included depression (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire), generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale), and social anxiety (Social Phobia Inventory) severity. Participants were adults who owned Android smartphones. Participants clustered into 4 groups: multiple comorbidities, depression and generalized anxiety, depression and social anxiety, and minimal symptoms.

RESULTS

A total of 282 participants were aged 19-69 years (mean 38.9, SD 11.9 years), and the majority were female (223/282, 79.1%) and White participants (226/282, 80.1%). Among the multiple comorbidities group, depression changes were preceded by changes in GPS features (Time: r=−0.23, P=.02; Locations: r=−0.36, P<.001), exercise duration (r=0.39; P=.03) and use of active apps (r=−0.31; P<.001). Among the depression and anxiety groups, changes in depression were preceded by changes in GPS features for Locations (r=−0.20; P=.03) and Transitions (r=−0.21; P=.03). Depression changes were not related to subsequent sensor-derived features. The minimal symptoms group showed no significant relationships. There were no associations between sensor-based features and anxiety and minimal associations between sensor-based features and social anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS

Changes in sensor-derived behavioral features are associated with subsequent depression changes, but not vice versa, suggesting a directional relationship in which changes in sensed behaviors are associated with subsequent changes in symptoms.

CLINICALTRIAL
Health Belief Model Perspective on the Control of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and the Promotion of Vaccination in China: Web-Based Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Xiaomei , Gao Junling , Liu Xiaoxi , Mao Yimeng , Wang Ruru , Zheng Pinpin , Xiao Qianyi , Jia Yingnan , Fu Hua , Dai Junming
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The control of vaccine hesitancy and the promotion of vaccination are key protective measures against COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

This study assesses the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the vaccination rate and examines the association between factors of the health belief model (HBM) and vaccination.

METHODS

A convenience sample of 2531 valid participants from 31 provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China were enrolled in this online survey study from January 1 to 24, 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associations of the vaccination rate and HBM factors with the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy after other covariates were controlled.

RESULTS

The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 44.3% (95% CI 42.3%-46.2%), and the vaccination rate was 10.4% (9.2%-11.6%). The factors that directly promoted vaccination behavior were a lack of vaccine hesitancy (odds ratio [OR] 7.75, 95% CI 5.03-11.93), agreement with recommendations from friends or family for vaccination (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.75-5.52), and absence of perceived barriers to COVID-19 vaccination (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.75). The factors that were directly associated with a higher vaccine hesitancy rate were a high level of perceived barriers (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.36-1.95) and perceived benefits (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.79). A mediating effect of self-efficacy, influenced by perceived barriers (standardized structure coefficient [SSC]=−0.71, P<.001), perceived benefits (SSC=0.58, P<.001), agreement with recommendations from authorities (SSC=0.27, P<.001), and agreement with recommendations from friends or family (SSC=0.31, P<.001), was negatively associated with vaccination (SSC=−0.45, P<.001) via vaccine hesitancy (SSC=−0.32, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

It may be possible to increase the vaccination rate by reducing vaccine hesitancy and perceived barriers to vaccination and by encouraging volunteers to advocate for vaccination to their friends and family members. It is also important to reduce vaccine hesitancy by enhancing self-efficacy for vaccination, due to its crucial mediating function.
#HealthyClimate: Call for Emergency Action to Limit Global Temperature Increases, Restore Biodiversity, and Protect Health (Preprint)
Authors: Atwoli Lukoye , Baqui Abdullah H , Benfield Thomas , Bosurgi Raffaella , Godlee Fiona , Hancocks Stephen , Horton Richard , Laybourn-Langton Laurie , Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Norman Ian , Patrick Kirsten , Praities Nigel , Olde Rikkert Marcel GM , Rubin Eric J , Sahni Peush , Smith Richard , Talley Nick , Turale Sue , Vazquez Damian
Published: September 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The UN General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis. They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming, China, and the climate conference (COP26) in Glasgow, UK. Ahead of these pivotal meetings, we—the editors of health journals worldwide—call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5°C, halt the destruction of nature, and protect health.
Daily Quantification of Myoglobin Forms on Beef Longissimus Lumborum Steaks Over 7 Days of Display by Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Piao Daqing , Denzer Morgan L. , Mafi Gretchen , Ramanathan Ranjith
Published: September 2021

Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIR-DRS) was utilized to develop an algorithm using approximately 18 wavelengths spanning 480 to 650 nm to determine oxymyoglobin (OxyMb), deoxymyoglobin (DeoxyMb), and metmyoglobin (MetMb) contents on beef longissimus lumborum muscles. Daily changes in subsurface myoglobin redox forms were evaluated for 7 d using NIR-DRS and compared with the surface color as assessed by a HunterLab MiniScan spectrophotometer as a reference modality. Both measurements revealed that MetMb increased steadily over the duration of display, showing high correlation (R2 = 0.91) between the 2 methods. Comparatively, whereas NIR-DRS revealed OxyMb to have decreased steadily over the period of display, the HunterLab MiniScan spectrophotometer indicated a much later onset of the apparent decrease of OxyMb, resulting in a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.64) between the 2 methods. No correlation was found between the 2 methods regarding the changes of DeoxyMb over the duration of display. The newly developed NIR-DRS algorithm has potential as an alternative method of color assessment in postrigor skeletal muscle.