bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culturomics: The Diachronic Spreading of Confucianism and Taoism in the UK and the USA, 1800s–2000s
Authors: Lei Siyu , Li Huayong
Published: August 2019

After being introduced to the USA and the UK, Confucianism and Taoism are more and more popular and have more influence, which are reflected in the rising trend of the keywords related to Confucianism and Taoism in the Google English books from 1800s to 2000s. Based on corpora GBAE and GBBE, the author studies the diachronic spreading of Confucianism and Taoism in the UK and the USA. It is found that: (1) Confucianism and Taoism are more welcomed in the UK than in the USA; (2) compared with Taoism, Confucianism is more popular in the UK and the USA; (3) Confucius is more popular both in the UK and in the USA than Lao Tzu; and (4) the general spreading trend of Confucianism and Taoism is rising in 1810s–2000s in the UK and the USA. The author quantitatively answers the frequently asked questions related to the spreading of Confucianism and Taoism.
PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL OF THE PRINCIPAL ACTION BY THE PROCESUTOR IN THE POLISH CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Kil Jan
Published: August 2019

The subject of the article is the analysis of the admissibility of a partial withdrawal of a principalaction by the prosecutor in the current model of Polish criminal proceedings. The study defines the main procedural rules regarding the issue in question, namely the principle of accusatorial procedure and adversary trial system. In the study, the disposition of Article 14 § 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is being interpreted with the use of linguistic, teleological and functional directives of interpretation. The study also presents the arguments justifying the acceptance of the view of the admissibility of partial withdrawal of the complaint by the public prosecutor. The study presents the procedural implications of the aforementioned standpoint. In the study the possibility of partial withdrawal of the principal action on the basis of pending supplementary or private prosecution proceedings
was also analyzed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CORPORATION TAX IN POLAND AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF STATE TAX REVENUES
Authors: Słapczyński Tomasz
Published: August 2019

Corporate income tax was introduced in Poland along with the establishment of a free market economy. This is a income tax that does not take into account the minimum tax-free and does not differentiate tax entities. Corporate income tax in Poland has undergone a number of important transformations, especially after the accession of Poland to the European Union. Tax rates have been systematically reduced since the early 1990s.
Corporate income tax should be particularly convenient for entrepreneurs, and should not act destructively because the number of entrepreneurs in the state determines the level of economic and industrial development. This is even more important since, after Poland’s accession to the European Union, the transfer of the company to another country belonging to the community is no more a problem. The attractive income tax also attracts foreign investors for whom the aspect related to easy accounting is one of the key. The aim of the work is to bring the issue of Polish corporate income tax. It tries to address issues related to tax management in an enterprise, with the application of discounts and exemptions by entrepreneurs
and also issues related to state income from corporate income tax and the income lost by the use of relief and dismissals.
THE DUALITY OF COURT PROCEEDINGS IN MATTERS RELATED TO THE PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRISON SERVICE OFFICERS
Authors: Baran Beata
Published: August 2019

In this article, the author presents the problem of duality of court proceedings in matters related to the Prison Service officers. The starting point is the statement that de lege lata there operates two categories of the proceedings, i.e. before administrative courts and before labor courts. The work proposed the adoption of a delimitation rule, which will allow dispelling doubts regarding claims connected with the broadly understood content of the professional relationship of the Prison Service officers.
Morphology of carbon materials obtained by low-temperature pyrolysis of non-biodegradable organic waste
Authors: Doliński Adam
Published: August 2019

The results of the study on the morphology of carbon char produced by carbonization of IR – SBR elastomer, the commonly used for vehicle tires material, have been presented against the background of known carbonaceous materials. The genesis of the second generation of carbon materials has been presented. Four recognized morphological forms of the studied carbon char have been characterized. Three of them belong to the family of cellular carbons with a turbostratic structure and an extended specific surface area. The fourth isolated morphological form has a non-porous lamellar structure and is characterized by the properties, which are untypical for the known forms of carbon char, such as: hydrophobicity, strong light absorption, and a supposed tendency to oscilla-tion under the influence of exposition on light.
Pathologic Features of Down Syndrome Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group Protocol AAML0431
Authors: Mast Kelley J. , Taub Jeffrey W. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gamis Alan S. , Mosse Claudio A. , Mathew Prasad , Berman Jason N. , Wang Yi-Cheng , Jones Heath M. , Campana Dario , Coustan-Smith Elaine , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy , Hitzler Johann K. , Head David R.
Published: August 2019

Context.—

Detailed diagnostic features of acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome are lacking, leading to potential misdiagnoses as standard acute myeloid leukemia occurring in patients with Down syndrome.

Objective.—

To evaluate diagnostic features of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in patients with Down syndrome.

Design.—

Diagnostic bone marrow samples from 163 patients enrolled in the Children's Oncology Group study AAML0431 were evaluated by using central morphologic review and institutional immunophenotyping. Results were compared to overall survival, event-free survival, GATA1 mutation status, cytogenetics, and minimal residual disease results.

Results.—

Sixty myelodysplastic syndrome and 103 acute myeloid leukemia samples were reviewed. Both had distinctive features compared to those of patients without Down syndrome. They showed megakaryocytic and erythroid but little myeloid dysplasia, and marked megakaryocytic hyperplasia with unusual megakaryocyte morphology. In acute myeloid leukemia cases, megakaryoblastic differentiation of blasts was most common (54 of 103, 52%); other cases showed erythroblastic (11 of 103, 11%), mixed erythroid/megakaryoblastic (20 of 103, 19%), or no differentiation (10 of 103, 10%). Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia cases had similar event-free survival and overall survival. Leukemic subgroups showed interesting, but not statistically significant, trends for survival and minimal residual disease. Cases with institutional diagnoses of French American British M1-5 morphology showed typical features of Down syndrome disease, with survival approaching that of other cases.

Conclusions.—

Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome display features that allow discrimination from standard cases of disease. These distinctions are important for treatment decisions, and for understanding disease pathogenesis. We propose specific diagnostic criteria for Down syndrome–related subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Ex situ method and Salix spp. to treat polluted soil with hydrocarbon
Authors: Sabedot Sydney , Bordignon Sérgio Augusto de Loreto , Cunha Ana Cristina Borda da
Published: August 2019

This study shows the practices for managing ex situ soil with a simulation in which a residue derived from hydrocarbons with a sandy-silty soil was mixed, and two Salix spp. varieties were planted in the mixture. The experiment took place in a greenhouse and controls on plants and soil occurred during 36 months. The experiment aimed at two objectives, the first of which was to evaluate the development and resistance of the plants in the contaminated soil, comparing them with their planting in sandy-silty soil without the residue, and the second was to evaluate the performance of plants as phytoremediators of the residue. This study deals with the first goal. The success in sprouting and in development of the plants was verified in both types of soils. The diameter and height of the stems and the dimensions of the leaves were the measured parameters. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that Salix triandra species developed better. The joint result for both the above mentioned objectives indicated that the ex situ method for treating soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and the planting of two species of willow were effective and can be reproduced in similar conditions to those described in this study.
Folksonomier : Brugerstyret indeksering som endel af organisationers Informationsarkitektur
Authors: Seger Charles
Published: August 2019

Denne artikel undersøger et nyt fænomen på Internettet, der kaldes folksonomier. Ordet folksonomi er en sammentrækning af folk, et fællesskab af mennesker, og taksonomi. En folksonomi er en samling ukontrollerede emneord (tags), som brugerne af en dokumentsamling selv tildeler dokumenterne for at kunne genfinde dem. Folksonomier adskiller fra traditionelle taksonomier ved ikke at være styret autorativt, men derimod reguleret af gruppen af brugere i fællesskab. Brugerne tildeler frit tags til informations objekter (brugerne indekserer), og disse tags udgør, sammen med andre brugeres tags, en folksonomi. Et tag adskiller sig yderligere fra emneord i traditionelle taksonomier, ved ikke at være hierarkisk organiseret, men i stedet sideordnet. Folksonomier er opstået som en del af internetbaserede sociale teknologier, som samlet populært kaldes web 2.0. Derfor eksemplificeres folksonomier og collaborative tagging i artiklen af en internetbaseret service, del.icio.us, der er et online værktøj til indeksering og organisering af Internetbogmærker. Artiklen undersøger og diskuterer folksonomiers potentiale i forhold til en organisations formelle informationsarkitektur. Der gives i artiklen en oversigt over undersøgelser indenfor emnet. Det er især anvendeligheden af tags i forhold til kontrollerede emneord som er i fokus i artiklen.
"Jeg sidder aldrig og drikker en kop kaffe på lærerværelset". Gymnasiebibliotekarerne og det refleksive læringsmiljø: en figurationssociologisk analyse
Authors: Just Melissa , Elbeshausen Hans
Published: August 2019

Denne artikel handler om gymnasiebiblioteker og deres rolle i det refleksive læringsmiljø. Undervisning og læring på de danske gymnasier har forandret sig løbende og med voksende hastighed. Det har biblioteksverdenen og uddannelsesbibliotekaren fået at mærke; udviklingen af det refleksive læringsmiljø har været medvirkende til at skabe nye opgaver for uddannelsesbibliotekaren, samtidigt med at hendes faglige ståsted skal nyfortolkes og justeres. På trods af de muligheder, som det refleksive læringsmiljø samt gymnasiereformen fra 2004 giver, er det ikke sådan lige til, at uddannelsesbibliotekaren kommer af med rollen som outsider. Artiklen tager således afsæt i den paradoksale konstatering, at der i uddannelsessammenhæng tit tales om informationskompetence og videnshåndtering, men at den profession, hvis faglige ståsted er tæt knyttet til disse kompetencefelter, ikke i ønskeligt omfang får lov til at realisere dens ekspertise.
Informationssøgning set i det Integrerede Kognitive Forskningsperspektiv
Authors: Ingwersen Peter , Järvelin Kalervo
Published: August 2019

Artiklen demonstrerer Laboratorie-perspektivet på informationssøgning og hvordan det er indeholdt i det Integrerede Kognitive Forskningsperspektiv. Først diskuteres Laboratorie-perspektivets underliggende antagelser og velkendte ulemper og begrænsninger. Dernæst diskuteres informationsinteraktion fra et Integreret Kognitivt Perspektiv. ’Ultra-light’ og interaktive ‘light’ eksperimenter med informationssøgning foreslås udført baseret på dette forskningsperspektiv gennem udnyttelsen af perspektivets kontekstuelle muligheder. Disse inkluderer uafhængige variable i relation til samlingen af dokumenter, genfindingsprincipper i søgesystemet og informationssøgerens situation og interessekontekst. Artiklen afsluttes med et konkluderende sammendrag.
Småstegs søkeprosesser: hvordan "disjointed incrementalism" kan benyttes for å forstå informasjonssøkeatferd
Authors: Pharo Nils
Published: August 2019

Artikkelen presenterer Braybrooke og Lindbloms teori om ”disjointed incrementalism” som kjennetegn for beslutningsfatning og det påvises hvordan denne kan appliseres på informasjonssøkeatferd. I artikkelen presenteres også tesen om at det eksisterer to paradigmer innen informasjonssøk, det strukturerte paradigmet utøvet av bibliotekarer og informasjonsspesialister og webparadigmet utøvet av legmenn.
Metodologiske aspekter ved studiet af brugeradfærd. En diskussion af adfærdsforskning contra praksisforskning
Authors: Gudiksen Jens
Published: August 2019

Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i en stigende interesse i forskning i brugeradfærd i samtiden, og ser en begrundelse for denne udvikling i, at denne forskningstype passer ind i den måde forskning generelt udvikles og begrundes på i en nyliberal forskningspolitisk kontekst.Adfærdsforskningen karakteriseres i artiklen ud fra sit videnskabsteoretiske grundlag som en beskrivende og forklarende forskningstype der, i udforskningen af de sociale fænomener og begivenheder den udforsker, kommer i et modsætningsforhold til sin forskningsgenstands grundlæggende dialektiske karakter.Som et modspil til adfærdsforskningen redegøres der i artiklen for praksisforskning som en forskningstype, der i sit videnskabsteoretiske grundlag og sin forskningspraksis søger at indregne sociale fænomeners komplekse dialektiske karakter.Artiklen diskuterer forskelle mellem adfærdsforskning og praksisforskning i forhold til deres forskellige metateoretiske udgangspunkter samt i forhold til de forskellige former for viden de frembringer.
Organisering af viden i Dansk Musik Tidsskrift: En analyse af tidsskriftets genrerepertoire og dets konsekvenser for informationssøgning
Authors: Moe Kirsten Kirkegaard
Published: August 2019

Med udgangspunkt i den nordamerikanske genreteori undersøges det, om en genreanalyse af et givent medie kan hjælpe brugere til at forudse, hvilke typer af information man kan forvente at finde i det pågældende medie, her et tidsskrift, og dermed, om det indeholder potentielt anvendelig viden for brugeren. Der foretages en analyse af Dansk Musik Tidsskrifts (DMT) genrer. Herudfra ses, at DMT har et genrerepertoire, som udvikler sig over tid, og at der sker en gradvis typificering af genrerepertoiret. Det udledes at DMT i højere grad producerer og organiserer viden om det 20. århundredes musikliv end om selve den klingende musik, og således primært kan bruges som kilde til informationer om musikkultur. Det konkluderes, at det med en genreanalyse er muligt at indkredse et givent medies ’informativeness’ i form af, hvilken type viden det kan anvendes som kilde til.
Karakteristika ved brugernes informationsbehov i en tv-udsendelseskontekst
Authors: Kirkegaard Brian , Borlund Pia
Published: August 2019

I denne artikel beskrives et eksplorativt studie af karakteristika ved brugernes informationsbehov ved søgning af tv-udsendelser. På baggrund af ni dybdegående interviews med forskere og studerende indenfor Medievidenskab er vi i stand til at identificere fire karakteristika. Første karakteristika er at informationsbehovene omhandler udsendelser der skal bruges som empiriske analyseobjekter. Andet karakteristika vedrører at informationsbehovene er knyttet til tre udsendelsesdimensioner: 1) Transmission; 2) Arkiv; og 3) Modtager. Tredje karakteristika omfatter verifikation af fire generiske informationsbehov: 1) Known item; 2) Factual data; 3) Known topic or content; og 4) Muddled topic or content. Fjerde karakteristika er at brugernes informationsbehov består af fire faser: 1) Overblik over det empiriske genstandsområde; 2) Identifikation af grænseeksempler; 3) Valg af specifikke udsendelser som analyseobjekter; og 4) Verifikation af fakta. Herved præsenterer artiklen ny viden omkring brugernes informationsbehov i tv-udsendelseskontekst. Denne viden er essentiel i relation til fremtidigt arbejde med konstruktion af effektive IR-systemer for tv-udsendelser.
Kolofon
Authors: Høyrup Helene
Published: August 2019

6. årgang, nr. 1, udgivet oktober 2010 ISSN 1604-7869 ISSN (online) 1901-1040 © Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi (tidl. Danmarks Biblioteksskole). Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan. Redaktion: Helene Høyrup (ansvh.) Jette Hyldegård Trine Schreiber Redaktør af dette nummer: Helene Høyrup Layout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer er fra fotoserien "Bogen af is" lavet af Bruno Kjær
Verdier i bevegelse. Litteraturformidlingen, bibliotekar- profesjonen og utdanningen
Authors: Oterholm Knut , Tveit Åse Kristine
Published: August 2019

Artikkelen belyser forståelsen av litteraturformidling og hvilke verdier som legitimerer den i dag, gjennom to intervjuundersøkelser og en spørreundersøkelse. Informantene er ansatte og ledelse ved tre folkebibliotek, og fagansatte og studenter ved Bibliotek- og informasjonsvitenskap, Høgskolen i Oslo. Intervjuene analyseres på bakgrunn av tidligere forskning. Metodisk benyttes meningskategorisering av intervjuene. Resultatene indikerer at det er skjedd en bevegelse i verdiene som legitimerer litteraturformidlingen i folkebibliotek. Fra å være styrt av kollektiv legitimering og idealer som folkeopplysning og dannelse, er begrunnelsen blant de yngste bibliotekarene nå mer fri fra ideologi og knyttet til det personlige og individuelle. Vi kan samtidig se at mange av bibliotekarinformantene opplever en spenning mellom den etterspørselsorienterte formidlingen og den bibliotekinitierte (kvalitets-) formidlingen av litteratur. Dette kan tyde på at forhold som gjelder kvalitet og formidling i bibliotekfeltet ikke er avklart. At ulike informanter i bibliotekfeltet har ulik forståelse av begrepet litteraturformidling og av litteraturformidlingens verdigrunnlag, skaper utfordringer både for utdanningen og praksisfeltet.
Evidens og kreativitet
Authors: Nordentoft Christine
Published: August 2019

Formålet med artiklen er at undersøge, hvordan nyeideer og tiltag opstår i folkebibliotekerne. Hvilkenrolle spiller begreber som kreativitet og innovation?Findes der anbefalinger til procedurer, der fremmer kreativitet og innovation? Benytter folkebibliotekerne sig af forskningsresultater og i hvilkenudstrækning ligger der forskningsresultater til grundfor folkebibliotekernes ideudvikling? Hvordan forholder professionen sig til ideen om evidensbasering? Hvilke muligheder, fordele og ulemper måtteder være for professionen? Som teoretisk baggrundfor undersøgelsen benyttes Tanggaards kreativitetsteori, Styrelsen for Bibliotek og Mediers rapport omdet innovative bibliotek og Rieper og Foss Hansensanalyser af evidensbevægelsens metodedebat. Derer i 2010 foretaget seks kvalitative interviews medledere i folkebiblioteker fra Danmarks fem regioner.Det undersøges, hvorvidt nye ideer og tiltag opstårtilfældigt, eller om de er baseret på forskningsresultater. Der konkluderes ud fra undersøgelsen omkringfolkebibliotekslederes holdning til sammenhængmellem kreativitet og innovation på den ene side ogevidensbaseret praksis (EBP) på den anden. Hverken Tanggaards teori eller opfattelsen hos flertalletaf interviewede biblioteksledere giver tilsyneladendebelæg for at hævde, at der skulle være en - reel elleroplevet - modsætning mellem evidens-baseret praksis(EBP) og kreativitet og innovation.
Produksjon og innovasjon. Kunnskapsbasert praksis i norske folkebibliotek
Authors: Høivik Tord
Published: August 2019

Artiklen omhandler anvendelsen af kunnskapsbasert bibliotekpraksis (KBP) i den norske folkebibliotekssektor. KBP svarer i Norge til EBP i Danmark og EBLIP i Sverige. Den sætter fokus på det både spændende og anspændte forhold mellem systematisk kundskab om norske folkebiblioteker og bibliotekernes daglige praksis. Den centrale, nationale aktør på folkebiblioteksområdet fra 2003-2010, ABM-utvecklings rolle beskrives og analyseres med fokus på misforholdet mellem en veludviklet national biblioteksstatistik og den manglende interesse for at transformere den systematiske kundskab til praksis. Samtidig påpeges det, at et bedre samspil mellem empirisk viden og praksis er påbegyndt i norske folkebiblioteker. Endelig påpeges det med konkrete bibliotekscases, hvordan KBP kan være til gavn for en innovativ, norsk folkebiblioteksudvikling.
Fallet ”Such a MeSH” : Problembaserat lärande för informationskompetens
Authors: Dorthé Lotti , Du Toit Madeleine , Papia Evaggelia
Published: August 2019

Hur når vi målen som rör informationskompetens i vår undervisning? Frågan ställdes av en lärare och en bibliotekarie vid Odontologiska fakulteten på Malmö högskola. Den ledde till ett samarbete där bibliotekariens undervisning integrerades helt i fall - studierna på tandteknikerutbildningen. Artikeln beskriver upplägg och genomförande av en modell där informationskompetens och problembaserat lärandekombineras (här kallat IK&PBL-modellen). Bibliotekariens pedagogiska förhållningssätt är karaktäristisk för den övriga utbildningen på tandvårdshögskolan. Tentamensresultat och kursutvärderingar visar att IK&PBL-modellen bidrar till att utveckla studenternas förmåga att söka information och granska källkritiskt samt ger upphov till diskussioneromkring begreppet vetenskaplighet. Bibliotekarien får en inblick i studenternas utbildning, ökad ämneskunskap och förståelse för inlärningsprocessen medan läraren får insyn i studenternas problem medinformationssökning och källkritik.
L’histoire littéraire à l’épreuve des sciences humaines : l’exemple de la littérature québécoise
Authors: Morency Jean
Published: August 2019

La question de l’autonomie de l'approche littéraire à l’égard des sciences humaines se situe au coeur d’un important débat qui a animé les études littéraires au Québec durant plus de vingt ans. Dans un contexte où l’histoire littéraire et l’histoire de la littérature traditionnelles ont été remises en question et même malmenées, on a vu émerger deux grands projets visant à renouveler ces disciplines en tentant de les adapter à l’évolution récente des sciences humaines et des études littéraires. Cette étude montre commentLa vie littéraire au Québecet l’Histoire de la littérature québécoises’avèrent symptomatiques du mouvement visant à redéfinir l’histoire et l’histoire littéraire en s’appuyant sur les sciences humaines, mais sans perdre de vue la spécificité de l’approche littéraire. L’analyse proposée s'appuie sur le traitement réservé à l’écrivain Louis Dantin (pseudonyme d’Eugène Seers) dans les deux ouvrages.
Le rôle social des Historiens de l’Acadie
Authors: LeBlanc Phyllis E.
Published: August 2019

Ce texte propose une réflexion sur le rôle social des historiens de l’Acadie. Nous considérons les historiens de l’Acadie à titre d’intellectuels. Leur rôle social n’est pas borné par leur laboratoire ni par les attentes de leur auditoire, mais s’inscrit dans une démarche et une historiographie disciplinaire, internationale. Les historiens de l’Acadie ont comme responsabilité sociale de communiquer les messages qu’ils jugent porteurs de sens.
Le procéduralisme est-il bon pour le multiculturalisme ?
Authors: Guérard de Latour Sophie
Published: August 2019

L’article porte sur les vertus de la conception procédurale de la justice pour justifier le multiculturalisme. Bien que le procéduralisme semble à première vue mal armé pour rendre l’égalité démocratique plus inclusive à l’égard des minorités ethnoculturelles, il a été défendu par des philosophes libéraux comme une méthode efficace pour fonder en principe les droits culturels. En analysant cette voie théorique et ses limites, et en suggérant plus particulièrement l’incapacité du « procéduralisme complet » d’Alan Patten à résoudre les difficultés de la « citoyenneté multiculturelle » de Will Kymlicka, l’article émet des doutes sur le caractère prometteur d’un multiculturalisme fondé sur le procéduralisme.
De l’observateur local à l’observateur transcendantal
Authors: Gauthier Yvon
Published: August 2019

L’observateur transcendantal (transcendentaler Zuschauer) est une notion qui apparaît dans lesMéditations cartésiennesde Husserl, mais le terme d’observateur est introduit par Kant dans laCritique de la raison puredans la perspective d’une révolution copernicienne qui met l’accent sur le sujet observateur, perspective qui a des répercussions dans les fondements de la physique contemporaine, de la mécanique quantique à la relativité générale et à la cosmologie.
Analyse juridique de la liberté de religion dans les entreprises françaises : entre protection du pouvoir de l’employeur et défense de la volonté du salarié
Authors: Pailot Philippe , de Saint-Affrique Diane
Published: August 2019

Dans un monde globalisé marqué par le multiculturalisme et le pluralisme confessionnel, la place du religieux cristallise les débats médiatiques, politiques, intellectuels et juridiques dans beaucoup de pays occidentaux. Sur fond de difficultés d’intégration professionnelle de personnes de confession musulmane et de discriminations religieuses au travail, la question du fait religieux s’est invitée dans les entreprises où les manifestations des convictions religieuses se sont diversifiées et complexifiées. L’analyse de ce phénomène social se caractérise par une diversité d’approches et d’angles de vue. Elle illustre tout à la fois la richesse, mais aussi la complexité des enjeux soulevés par les études du lien entre religion et management.

Cet article vise à en proposer une lecture juridique souvent absente dans la littérature en sciences de gestion. Nous chercherons à montrer que la régulation juridique de l’expression des convictions religieuses dans l’entreprise procède d’un champ de tension en équilibre instable entre les normes de droit qui, d’une part, protègent les droits et libertés de religion des salariés et celles, d’autre part, limitent l’exercice du pouvoir de l’employeur. La logique juridique associée à la prise en considération du religieux procède ainsi de la recherche d’une conciliation entre ces deux blocs de droits et libertés. Cette combinaison se nourrit du caractère incertain et équivoque d’un cadre juridique dans lequel les arbitrages entre des prétentions juridiques contradictoires ne procèdent pas d’une application mécanique de règles abstraites et impersonnelles. En effet, il n’existe pas de limites précises et univoques à la manifestation des croyances et des convictions religieuses dans l’entreprise. Leur expression exige toujours des réponses équilibrées.
Organiser la reconnaissance des chercheurs dans les organisations et au-delà de leurs frontières
Authors: Picque-Kiraly Claire , Ottmann Jean-Yves
Published: August 2019

Les organisations sont confrontées de manière croissante aux enjeux de reconnaissance au travail comme l’actualité française récente a pu le montrer. Les salariés s’attendent à être reconnus dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle et les chercheurs, archétypes des professionnels du savoir, ne font pas exception. Étudier la reconnaissance des chercheurs semble d’autant plus nécessaire que de plus en plus de personnes s’engagent dans l’économie de la connaissance en général et que le métier de chercheur en particulier connait des évolutions qui tendent à modifier leur rapport au travail. Par ailleurs, le concept de reconnaissance au travail, pourtant facteur de motivation important, reste insuffisamment étudié ce qui limite la compréhension de ses enjeux et les réponses possibles aux attentes des salariés.

Cette recherche propose de s’appuyer sur le concept de reconnaissance au travail afin de mieux comprendre les attentes des chercheurs en termes de reconnaissance et, conséquemment, d’identifier des leviers d’action possibles pour les organisations.

Pour ce faire, cette recherche s’appuie sur les 50 entretiens conduits dans deux centres de recherche, l’un public et l’autre privé. L’analyse fondée sur le cadre conceptuel développé par Brun et Dugas (2005) a permis de mettre en évidence le fait que les sources de reconnaissance sont plurielles (manager, management, organisation, collègues, pairs) et complémentaires, tout en révélant qu’elles dépassent les frontières de l’organisation au sein de laquelle les chercheurs travaillent. Ces formes de reconnaissance diverses doivent prendre en compte le réel du travail des chercheurs. Un contexte organisationnel qui tient compte des spécificités du travail de recherche s’avère indispensable pour une meilleure reconnaissance des chercheurs. L’organisation de la reconnaissance au travail doit donc intégrer tant les formes de reconnaissance que les sources qui peuvent parfois dépasser les frontières des organisations.
Nutrient and pathogen suppression properties of anaerobic digestates from dairy manure and food waste feedstocks
Authors: O'Brien Brendan J , Neher Deborah A , Roy Eric D
Published: August 2019

Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and food wastes is increasing in the New England region of the United States because of policy measures intended to divert organic materials from landfills, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increase renewable biogas energy production. The sustainability of this approach depends on the management and valorization of remaining solid and liquid residues (i.e., digestates) after anaerobic digestion. Few studies have characterized digestates derived from combined dairy manure and food waste feedstocks. In this study, we analyzed screw-press separated liquid and solid digestates from 6 of 26 (23%) operational full-scale facilities in New England. We quantified multiple pools of nitrogen and phosphorus in these materials, with results suggesting that in most cases these nutrients largely exist in forms that can be recycled via slow-release fertilization, with smaller fractions in forms more easily lost to the environment. Furthermore, we found that solid digestates can inhibit mycelial growth of a common soilborne fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, suggesting potential to manage resident soil pathogens. Capitalizing on both nutrient recycling and pathogen suppression co-benefits will likely be useful in digestate valorization efforts.
Hidden value
Authors: Morriswood Brooke , Hoeller Oliver
Published: August 2019

The fact that it is difficult to evaluate and compare the outputs of individual researchers might actually be good for science.
Effects of digging by a native and introduced ecosystem engineer on soil physical and chemical properties in temperate grassy woodland
Authors: Ross Catherine E. , Munro Nicola T. , Barton Philip S. , Evans Maldwyn J. , Gillen John , Macdonald Ben C.T. , McIntyre Sue , Cunningham Saul A. , Manning Adrian D.
Published: August 2019

Temperate grasslands and woodlands are the focus of extensive restoration efforts worldwide. Reintroduction of locally extinct soil-foraging and burrowing animals has been suggested as a means to restore soil function in these ecosystems. Yet little is known about the physical and chemical effects of digging on soil over time and how these effects differ between species of digging animal, vegetation types or ecosystems. We compared foraging pits of a native reintroduced marsupial, the eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) and that of the exotic European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We simulated pits of these animals and measured pit dimensions and soil chemical properties over a period of 2 years. We showed that bettong and rabbit pits differed in their morphology and longevity, and that pits had a strong moderating effect on soil surface temperatures. Over 75% of the simulated pits were still visible after 2 years, and bettong pits infilled faster than rabbit pits. Bettong pits reduced diurnal temperature range by up to 25 °C compared to the soil surface. We did not find any effects of digging on soil chemistry that were consistent across vegetation types, between bettong and rabbit pits, and with time since digging, which is contrary to studies conducted in arid biomes. Our findings show that animal foraging pits in temperate ecosystems cause physical alteration of the soil surface and microclimatic conditions rather than nutrient changes often observed in arid areas.
Movement velocity can be used to estimate the relative load during the bench press and leg press exercises in older women
Authors: Marcos-Pardo Pablo Jorge , González-Hernández Jorge Miguel , García-Ramos Amador , López-Vivancos Abraham , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro
Published: August 2019

Background

Movement velocity has been proposed as an effective tool to prescribe the load during resistance training in young healthy adults. This study aimed to elucidate whether movement velocity could also be used to estimate the relative load (i.e., % of the one-repetition maximum (1RM)) in older women.

Methods

A total of 22 older women (age = 68.2 ± 3.6 years, bench press 1RM = 22.3 ± 4.7 kg, leg press 1RM = 114.6 ± 15.9 kg) performed an incremental loading test during the free-weight bench press and the leg press exercises on two separate sessions. The mean velocity (MV) was collected with a linear position transducer.

Results

A strong linear relationship between MV and the relative load was observed for the bench press (%1RM = −130.4 MV + 119.3;r2= 0.827, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 6.10%1RM,p< 0.001) and leg press exercises (%1RM = −158.3 MV + 131.4;r2= 0.913, SEE = 5.63%1RM,p< 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the bench press and leg press exercises for the MV attained against light-medium relative loads (≤70%1RM), while the MV associated with heavy loads (≥80%1RM) was significantly higher for the leg press.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the monitoring of MV could be useful to prescribe the loads during resistance training in older women. However, it should be noted that the MV associated with a given %1RM is significantly lower in older women compared to young healthy individuals.
Assessment of complementary and alternative medicine use among patients admitted to the emergency room: a descriptive study from a Turkish hospital
Authors: Hakkoymaz Hakan , Koçyiğit Burhan Fatih
Published: August 2019

Background

The main aim of this study was to assess the frequency of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients admitted to the emergency room (ER). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with CAM use.

Methods

This was a descriptive study. A total of 951 patients who were admitted to the ER of a tertiary hospital between October 2018 and November 2018 were enrolled. Data were obtained using a questionnaire that was prepared by the researchers considering the literature data.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 37.98 ± 15.65 years. Of the 951 patients, 48.4% (n = 460) were female and 51.6% (n = 491) were male. The rate of patients who used CAM at least once was 47.3% (n = 450). The most frequently used CAM methods were herbal therapy (68.9%), massage (40.7%), dietary supplements (24.7%), and hijama (24.2%). Being aged 64 years or younger (p = 0.001), having an education level of university or higher (p = 0.006), having an income more than minimum wage (p = 0.016), and having a chronic disease (p = 0.003) were found to be associated with CAM use in this study.

Discussion

CAM methods were used by a considerable proportion of patients admitted to the ER. Physicians should incorporate CAM use history in their patient assessments and should provide accurate and unbiased information about CAM methods.
Competitive Reaction-diffusion Systems: Travelling Waves and Numerical Solutions
Authors: Kamrujjaman Md. , Ahmed Asif , Ahmed Shohel
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider a competitive reaction-diffusion model to describe the existence of travelling wave solutions of two competing species. Moreover, the non-linear system is also studied by introducing different competitive-cooperative coefficients; constant and spatially distributed which leads to the persistence and extinction of organisms in a heterogeneous environment of population biology. If the diffusion coefficients and other parameters are positive constant, it is seen that one species is in extinction by the other and coexistence is also possible under certain conditions on carrying capacity. The results are numerically investigated by using the Finite difference method (FDM).
Femtosecond Pump–Probe Spectroscopy for Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Raavi Sai Santosh Kumar , Biswas Chinmoy
Published: August 2019

Charge photogeneration by exciton dissociation at the donor/acceptor interface is the heart of organic molecule–based devices for solar energy conversion. Femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy offers a noninvasive technique to follow the charge photogeneration. In this article, we elucidate the contribution of femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy in providing in‐depth insights into various photophysical aspects that aid in the development of efficient organic molecule–based solar cells, namely, dye‐sensitized solar cells, organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells, polymer‐based bulk heterojunction solar cells, and perovskite solar cells.
Strong Light–Matter Interaction
Authors: Vasa Parinda
Published: August 2019

In this article, we qualitatively describe the concepts and the state of the art regarding strong light–matter interactions. We provide a concise description of the relevant background physics of light, optical resonators, and light–matter interaction in classical as well as quantum mechanical framework. A detailed overview of the experimental studies of strong light–matter interactions in hybrid structures comprising quantum emitters coupled to micro‐ or nanoresonators is then presented. A simple phenomenological model based on coupled oscillators provides a conceptual understanding of the physics underlying strong light–matter interactions. Finally, we conclude the article by summarizing few applications and a future perspective of this rapidly emerging field, which is expected to evolve further to encompass more intriguing physics and novel applications.
Magnetic Mechanoactivation of Wnt Signaling Augments Dopaminergic Differentiation of Neuronal Cells
Authors: Rotherham Michael , Nahar Tasmin , Goodman Timothy , Telling Neil , Gates Monte , El Haj Alicia
Published: August 2019

Wnt signaling is a key developmental pathway that regulates dopaminergic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during neuronal development. This makes Wnt signaling an important therapeutic target for neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Wnt signaling can be modulated using peptides such as UM206, which bind to the Wnt receptor Frizzled. Previous work has demonstrated remote activation of the Wnt pathway through Frizzled using peptide‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with magnetic field stimulation. Using this technology, Wnt signaling is remotely activated in the neuronal cell line SH‐SY5Y, and the phenotypic response to stimulation is assessed. Results indicate β‐catenin translocalization and activation of TCF/LEF responsive transcription in response to MNP and magnetic fields, which result in dopaminergic marker expression when synergistically combined with differentiation factors retinoic acid and the phorbol ester phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate. This approach is translated into ex vivo postnatal rat brain slices modeling the developing nigrostriatal pathway. Dopaminergic marker expression is maintained in MNP‐labeled SH‐SY5Y cells after injection and magnetic stimulation. These results demonstrate the translational value of remote control of signal transduction for controlling neuronal precursor cell behavior and highlight the potential applications for controlled cell differentiation as part of cell therapies for neurodegenerative disease.
Flexible Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires: Material Synthesis, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications
Authors: Zhu Yuwen , Deng Yujun , Yi Peiyun , Peng Linfa , Lai Xinmin , Lin Zhongqin
Published: August 2019

Owing to their compatibility with biology and large deformation, flexible electronics meet the demands for a wide range of applications that lie outside the capabilities of conventional rigid wafer‐based electronics. Devices such as solar cells, light‐emitting devices, touch screens, and wearable sensors have significantly advanced in recent years and changed human life. Flexible transparent electrodes are one of the most important components in flexible optoelectronic devices, collecting charges and transmitting light. Such electrodes based on silver nanowires (AgNWs), which exhibit superior mechanical flexibility, electrical and thermal conductivity, and optical transparency, are regarded as the most promising alternative to conventional indium tin oxide electrodes. However, some technical challenges, such as the uniformity and stability of AgNW networks, still exist and hinder the large‐scale commercialization of AgNW electrodes. Great efforts have been made in this field. A comprehensive survey of recent progress in flexible transparent AgNW electrodes in terms of performance criteria, material synthesis, fabrication process, performance enhancement, and future applications is provided. Finally, technical challenges and future trends are presented for the application of flexible transparent AgNW electrodes in flexible electronics.
Efficient and Broadband Four‐Wave Mixing in a Compact Silicon Subwavelength Nanohole Waveguide
Authors: Yang Yuxing , Sun Lu , Zhang Yong , Su Yikai
Published: August 2019

Confining light in a small volume offers an effective approach to enhance the four‐wave mixing (FWM) process. Recently, most efforts are devoted to improve the conversion efficiencies by using resonant structures. As a result, the bandwidths of the FWM conversions are typically limited to 1–2 nm. In this paper, a nonresonant silicon subwavelength nanohole waveguide is proposed to manipulate the field distribution of the propagating wave. The electromagnetic field of the Bloch mode can be engineered to concentrate in the silicon area where the FWM process occurs. Benefiting from the enhanced light intensity, an efficient and broadband FWM process is experimentally demonstrated. A conversion efficiency of −26.7 dB is achieved with a carefully designed silicon nanohole waveguide, showing a 12.5 dB improvement relative to a conventional silicon strip waveguide. The 3 dB conversion bandwidth of the silicon nanohole waveguide is ≈37 nm, limited by the optical amplifiers employed in the experiment.
Efficient Two‐Photon Excited Fluorescence from Charge‐Transfer Cocrystals Based on Centrosymmetric Molecules
Authors: Dai Chenghu , Wei Zhixian , Chen Zhen , Liu Xiaoyan , Fan Jihui , Zhao Junfang , Zhang Chuang , Pang Zhiyong , Han Shenghao
Published: August 2019

Two‐photon excited chromophores are widely applied for photon upconversion in organic optoelectronics. In this work, efficient two‐photon excited fluorescence is observed from charge‐transfer cocrystals where the molecular architectures of donor and acceptor molecules are both centrosymmetric. The superior structural symmetry of cocrystals eliminates the second harmonic generation of incident near‐infrared laser. The nonlinear optical properties of cocrystals are found to be strongly correlated with the intermolecular charge‐transfer interaction, bringing a wide window of excitation wavelength for the upconverted light emission. The work demonstrates that the cocrystallization of small molecules provides opportunities for the design and synthesis of novel organic optofunctional materials.
Transition from Positive to Negative Photoconductance in Doped Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors
Authors: Haque Md Azimul , Li Jin‐Ling , Abdelhady Ahmed L. , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Baran Derya , Bakr Osman M. , Wei Su‐Huai , Wu Tom
Published: August 2019

Halide perovskites are known to be photoconductive for more than half a century, and their efficient photocarrier generation gives rise to positive photoconductivity (PPC). In this work, the discovery of negative photoconductivity (NPC) in hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 after Bi doping is reported. Transient photoconductivity measurements reveal a surprising bipolar behavior with a fast positive response followed by exponential negative photocurrent decay, resulting in an equilibrium photocurrent even below the dark level. The NPC effect in Bi‐doped CH3NH3PbBr3 is among the largest ones reported so far for semiconductors. It is proposed that the transition to negative photoconductance is related to the presence of DX‐like centers in Bi‐doped halide perovskites, similar to doped III–V and chalcopyrite semiconductors. Such photogenerated DX‐like centers in the Bi‐doped CH3NH3PbBr3 can trap mobile band electrons and enhance charge recombination, thus reducing the conductivity. This mechanism is consistent with the observations of crossover from PPC to NPC as functions of temperature, composition, and illumination. The results underscore the importance of defect engineering for tuning the optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites.
Osteoporotic Bone Recovery by a Highly Bone‐Inductive Calcium Phosphate Polymer‐Induced Liquid‐Precursor
Authors: Yao Shasha , Lin Xianfeng , Xu Yifei , Chen Yangwu , Qiu Pengcheng , Shao Changyu , Jin Biao , Mu Zhao , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. , Tang Ruikang
Published: August 2019

Osteoporosis is an incurable chronic disease characterized by a lack of mineral mass in the bones. Here, the full recovery of osteoporotic bone is achieved by using a calcium phosphate polymer‐induced liquid‐precursor (CaP‐PILP). This free‐flowing CaP‐PILP material displays excellent bone inductivity and is able to readily penetrate into collagen fibrils and form intrafibrillar hydroxyapatite crystals oriented along the c‐axis. This ability is attributed to the microstructure of the material, which consists of homogeneously distributed ultrasmall (≈1 nm) amorphous calcium phosphate clusters. In vitro study shows the strong affinity of CaP‐PILP to osteoporotic bone, which can be uniformly distributed throughout the bone tissue to significantly increase the bone density. In vivo experiments show that the repaired bones exhibit satisfactory mechanical performance comparable with normal ones, following a promising treatment of osteoporosis by using CaP‐PILP. The discovery provides insight into the structure and property of biological nanocluster materials and their potential for hard tissue repair.