bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Iraqi diplomacy towards the Arab world before 2018" "Analytical study"
Authors: Majeed Ayad Abdulkarim , Mohammed Burhan Ali
Published: March 2019

Talk about the Iraqi diplomacy towards the Arab world after 2003, I mean talk about the pivotal and important stage in the history of modern Iraq, as this stage, represented an important turning point in Iraq's history of diplomacy towards the Arab yolk, this stage has been associated with an important event \ in the history of the Arab nation, namely the occupation of Iraq and change its political system.

And characterized the Iraqi diplomacy during the period that followed in 2003, a large led to a lot of the obvious failures in completing the required level of the new Iraqi diplomatic tasks, because of problems that were dictated quotas base broad form, especially in the political sphere, one of the conditions weakened external political action, as well as about conflict in the constitutional powers between the central government and local governments, and the Iraqi diplomatic suffered during the last term of conflicting political visions that represent different views of the Iraqi political forces to participate in power over many of the key variables that Iraqi foreign political control and determine the quality of international relations.

However, the Iraqi diplomacy was not without achievements during the last term and they seem to be enhanced during the next phase, especially in light of the emergence of new political forces that new political movement based on the conviction is pushing for change, and therefore it is expected that the Iraqi diplomatic based in the coming period on a set of the basic principles that will support its foreign policy, and perhaps the most prominent of those principles
The most prominent political ideas of the BRICS group
Authors: Zaidan Saja Fattah
Published: March 2019

BRICS is a model of intellectual diversity. The group comprises five countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), which are the initials of the names of these countries, and the intellectual diversity emanating from the ideas of the systems and societies of these countries individually, as well as their ideas combined Through joint action within this international community, the constituent countries of this group are culturally diverse (Asian, Latin, African and European civilizations), and these civilizations carry a dynamic and effective intellectual structure in the international system in general.

Is an international group working to promote economic and commercial cooperation among member states. The issues that the BRICS Group has been following include the economic issues that the group has created for it. It is prepared for political and international issues such as international terrorism, climate change, food, energy security, development problems and the financial crisis. And other projects in addition to highlighting globalization and its political implications.
Iraq and the new Middle East project Israeli vision
Authors: Khattab Nathira Mahmoud
Published: March 2019

The topic area of that’s research dealing with Great Middle East project, that’s project which associated with Israeli project and its vision for the region, the importance of that’s plans concerning with Arabic –Israeli conflict and Israeli plans for Iraq after 2003, the premise of that’s paper based upon essential theme, that’s theme its similarities between American project and Israeli one, by objectives and means, that’s make the successful of that’s plans are highly expected.

The research argued the causes of occupation of Iraq and possibility to make Iraq leadership more cooperative with American and Israeli projects.
Turkish Strategy for the Middle East A study in the light of regional change factors
Authors: Kamel Marwan Awni , Najim Ahmed Mashaan
Published: March 2019

The Middle East has been, and continues to be, the most influential environment for Turkey in shaping its foreign policy strategy. That Turkey's ability to maintain the elements of regional power must be achieved by building a comprehensive strategic perspective capable of expressing its interests and security. That perspective, and that some adjustments have been made to it by virtue of the changes that are occurring, but it remains the basic principle of the entire movement in the Middle East for the coming years. The ability of the state as a regional actor within an area of influence still subject to comprehensive factors of change, such as the Middle East, requires a lot of preparedness and adaptation to achieve its strategic vision that reflects its security and interests. In fact, Turkey has been able to maintain its regional role in the Middle East by developing a strategic vision that matches its capabilities.
The role of the external factor in the process of democratic transformation (Arab spring countries model)
Authors: Saleh Sabah Mohammed
Published: March 2019

The democratic transition through the revolutionary context is considered to be the only way in the Arab world, as if there is no room for a process of democratic transition without solution or military intervention (internal or external), revolutions, coups or protest movements. Has become the focus of the problem of internal democratization, which has led to the absorption of the idea of external interventions and regional influences, mainly because of the internal content of Arab political systems.
OBAMA'S STRATEGY IN DEFEATING ISIS IN IRAQ REASONS AND OBJECTIVES
Authors: Rashid Ammar Ahmed
Published: March 2019

This study is an attempt to analyze the nature of Obama's strategy in defeating ISIS in Iraq, showing the main reasons and objectives of this strategy. After the falling of Mosul city under the control of ISIS, Obama's administration adopted an "offensive containment" strategy that based on limited military intervention, without to engage the American ground forces to this war and to enter into comprehensive and large-scale war. Obama's slow response to ISIS has created wide-spread suspicions among Middle East people that the CIA behind the emergence of ISIS. The importance of this study is that it addresses this problematic issue where concluded that there are some reasons pushed Obama's administration to choose limited military intervention rather than comprehensive and large-scale military engagement in confronting ISIS in Iraq, and also the study concluded that there are some objectives this administration seeks to be achieved through this strategy
Expansion of borders in the Kurdistan region and local and regional positions
Authors: Abdullah Harith Qahtan , Atwan Abbas Fadel
Published: March 2019

The borders of Kurdistan represent an important point in Kurdish thought. They represent the hope of establishing their national state. The circumstances of the war on terrorism in Iraq and Syria have led to the emergence of what is known as a "propaganda" and the formation of a global front in its struggle. And with the signs of the collapse of the Syrian state and the weakness of the Iraqi state in the face of the "dashing" in the beginning. These circumstances led to the emergence of the role of the Kurdistan region in the confrontation "ISIS" and maintain the administrative border in the three provinces of Kurdistan in addition to the province of Kirkuk. That the circumstances of the war on terrorism created new international conditions on the Middle East arena, which will generate many problems between the Kurdistan region and the central government of Baghdad, as well as other problems between the region, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The war on terrorism has made countries free to fight the opposition groups under the name Terrorism by their classification. The Turkish side is fighting the PKK within the borders of the Kurdistan region, and this war can develop in a post-"warlike" phase. The war in Syria is also contradictory to vision and not resolved to a specific side and Iran's position on developments is encouraging.
Kenyan Curriculum Reforms and Mother Tongue Education: Issues, Challenges and Implementation Strategies
Authors: Mandillah Lucy
Published: March 2019

The implementation of mother tongue education (MTE) remains a challenge across Africa and Kenya in particular. This continues despite the fact that the maintenance and development of language and literacy skills in oneâ€™s mother tongue (MT) plays a critical role in facilitating second language (L2) learning, developing additive bilingualism and continuous cognitive development. Consequently, Kenya has had several education commissions in both colonial and post-colonial periods, which, together with the Constitution of Kenya have had a bearing on the language policy. However, the language policy has not been supported by a careful implementation strategy for MTE. Presently, Kenya is undergoing curriculum reforms from the ongoing 8-4-4 system, where learners study for eight years of basic (primary) education, four years of secondary education and four years of university education to a new system of 2-6-3-3-3. The 2-6-3-3-3 system comprises two years of pre-primary, six years of primary (three years lower and three years upper primary), six years of secondary (three years junior and three years senior) and three years of university education. While English has been given preponderant attention in the new curriculum, the role of MT has also been re-emphasised because it has not received as much attention as it deserves in the past. It is against this background and the ongoing debates on MTE that this paper attempts to examine the challenges that are likely to impede the implementation of MTE in the 2-6-3-3-3 curriculum reforms as outlined in the education policy. The paper further suggests some implementation strategies to avert the challenges. The study was conducted in Bungoma County in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to identify key respondents from 10 schools which were used to pilot the new curriculum. The respondents included Grade 3 teachers, head teachers and quality assurance officers (QASOs). Focus group discussions (FGDs), unstructured interviews and document analysis were used to elicit data. The findings revealed that the implementation of MTE policy is likely to flop if it is not supported by careful implementation strategies that take care of teacher training, the production of teaching/learning materials and attempts to change the attitudes of parents towards indigenous languages. The paper advocates for implementation strategies such as greater resource allocation, teacher training on L1 methodologies, a change in attitude with regard to MTE, political will and clearer policy objectives to achieve the aims of an effective MTE system in Kenya.
Pathways from Personal towards Professional Values: Structured Small-Group Work with Social Work Students
Authors: Özates Gelmez Özge Sanem , Öngen Çagil , Hatiboglu Burcu
Published: March 2019

This qualitative research was based on structured small-group work conducted with 34 undergraduate social work students. It aimed to reveal students' understandings of their personal values and modes of evaluation, their views regarding the value base of social work, and the possible influence of their personal values on professional practice. The data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, self-reflective diaries and a semi-structured focus-group discussion. During the study, it was seen that the students had difficulties when talking about their personal values. Yet, whenever they did talk about them, they saw that their values were actually not their own, but were socially constructed by the dominant cultural and moral norms. Prejudices based on the hegemonic cultural codes and norms, hidden in the form of personal values, are the biggest handicaps in the development of a professional identity. Thus, the values of social work are extremely important because they allow social workers to work professionally with all people without exception or discrimination and to promote human rights. This study showed that educational settings must be transformed so that students may express their own values without being judged. Arts-based techniques like creative drama have a great potential to achieve this goal. Therefore, social work education should benefit from creative and critical ways to prepare students for the profession, which aims to protect the value of humans.
Kajian Sifat Modulus Elastisitas Dan Konsistensi Tanah lempung Lunak Pontianak Terhadap Penurunan Elastis akibat Adanya Beban Struktur Bangunan Di permukaan
Authors: Marsudi Marsudi
Published: March 2019

Penyelidikan mengenai sifat modulus elastisitas (E) dan Konsistensi tanah lempung lunak memerlukan penyelidikan yang teliti, mengingat kondisi tanah lempung permukaan di wilayah Kota Pontianak mempunyai sifat keteknikan yang rumit dan beragam akibat kandungan material organik (tanah gambut) cukup tinggi. Perencanaan bangunan tinggi sangat memerlukan penyelidikan sifat-sifat tanah (soil properties) khususnya sifat modulus elastisitas tanah (E)  dan konsistensi tanah yang berhubungan langsung dengan proses elastic settlement setelah struktur bangunan dikerjakan (dibangun).Sifat modulus elastis dan konsistensi tanah lempung dapat dipakai sebagai acuan dasar untuk perencanaan bangunan wilayah kota, mengingat pesatnya perkembangan bangunan tinggi di Pontianak. Hasil luaran diharapkan berupa peta sebaran sifat modulus elastisitas dan konsistensi tanah akan dapat dipakai sebagai acuan/arahan dalam memperkirakan besarnya penurunan bangunan, sehingga dapat diantisipasi dengan perkuatan tanah untuk mengefisienkan biaya bagi pelaku pembangunan di dalam mendesain dan merencanakan bangunan tinggi tersebut.Penelitian ini  mempelajari sifat modulus elastisitas dan konsistensi  lapisan lempung yang berada di permukaan tanah hingga kedalaman 6 m, yang biasa dipakai sebagai penopang pondasi bangunan. Uji laboratorium mekanika tanah dengan Oedometer untuk  konsolidasi, Triaxial Undrained Consolidation (CU) dan Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai elastisitas modulus tanah yang berhubungan dengan perhitungan settlement elastic akibat beban bangunan per satuan luas.  Kata Kunci :Modulus Elastisitas dan kosistensi tanah
La innovación multimedia e interactiva en el ciberperiodismo argentino
Authors: Vázquez-Herrero Jorge , Negreira-Rey María-Cruz , López-García Xosé
Published: March 2019

Los cibermedios argentinos han seguido las tendencias internacionales en su trayectoria digital y han asumido los constantes cambios en el ecosistema mediático innovando con la producción de formatos multimedia e interactivos pensados para la red, así como iniciativas de tipo tecnológico como la realidad virtual. Desde el punto de vista organizacional, la convergencia de redacciones y la creación de laboratorios son algunos de los rasgos identificados. En este artículo se elabora un estudio de caso de La Nación, La Capital, La Voz del Interior y Clarín, identificando sus elementos innovadores y entrevistando a profesionales del área digital.
A nivel global, los medios periodísticos de Argentina muestran un carácter innovador, aunque inestable. La búsqueda de un modelo sostenible, la dotación de medios económicos, tecnológicos y humanos para el área digital y una apuesta estratégica de las empresas pueden aportar lo necesario para garantizar su consolidación en la red.
Verificado México 2018. Desinformación y fact-checking en campaña electoral
Authors: Magallón Rosa Raúl
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso de Twitter por parte de Verificado México durante la campaña electoral mexicana de 2018. El proyecto, conocido como VerificadoMX 2018, reunió un equipo de más de 90 medios de comunicación y organizaciones que se asociaron para verificar información sobre un proceso electoral que comenzó el 29 de marzo y terminó el 27 de junio de 2018. A partir del análisis de los 3116 tuits publicados desde la cuenta en Twitter de VerificadoMx se propone una tipología de rumores y verificaciones para el estudio de las campañas electorales. Del estudio de la cuenta de Twitter de VerificadoMX debemos destacar que hay que distinguir dos momentos concretos que aceleran la verificación de hechos y discursos: los debates electorales y la jornada electoral. Por otra parte, se puede diferenciar entre rumores de precampaña, campaña y postcampaña.
La crisis del sueño europeo: hogar y éxodo en el nuevo cine sobre migrantes y refugiados (2005-2018)
Authors: Sánchez-Escalonilla García-Rico Antonio
Published: March 2019

En las dos décadas del nuevo siglo, los conceptos de hogar, identidad y éxodo en los relatos de migrantes y refugiados han sido objeto de estudio en las artes visuales, en especial en el ámbito cinematográfico (Harrod, Liz y Timoshkina, 2015; Celik, 2015; Sternberg y Berghahn, 2010). En el presente artículo se propone la crisis de los valores del European dream como criterio de estudio de las obras de cineastas europeos o residentes en Europa que, entre 2005 y 2018, han realizado en sus historias una reflexión sobre los valores sociales del viejo continente: entre ellos, las ideas de integración, acogida e interdependencia como signos de una prosperidad actualmente discutida en el hogar continental común.
Política en los sitios web, entretenimiento en las redes: la agenda de los medios noticiosos en sus sitios y en Facebook y Twitter
Authors: Panza Guardatti Mattía , Mitchelstein Eugenia , Boczkowski Pablo J.
Published: March 2019

Esta investigación examina la agenda online de dos de los diarios más relevantes en Argentina -Clarín y La Nación- a través de un análisis cuantitativo de las noticias publicadas en las respectivas páginas de inicio y en las respectivas publicaciones en las cuentas oficiales de estos dos medios en Facebook y Twitter. El análisis de 3.780 noticias demuestra que existen diferencias entre las agendas propuestas por los sitios y las noticias publicadas en las redes sociales de los mismos. Los resultados exponen que los diarios mantienen una agenda relacionada a los asuntos públicos en sus páginas de inicio, mientras que en las redes sociales priorizan noticias vinculadas a los asuntos no públicos. La divergencia es menor temprano por la mañana y aumenta a lo largo del día. A partir de estos hallazgos este trabajo indaga los motivos de esta selección y las diferentes temáticas que seleccionan los medios.
Big data y Relaciones Públicas. Una revisión bibliográfica del estado de la cuestión
Authors: Pereira Villazón Tatiana , Portilla Manjón Idoia , Rodríguez Salcedo Natalia
Published: March 2019

La creciente actividad generada en las plataformas digitales de comunicación está suscitando nuevas formas de relación entre las organizaciones y sus públicos de interés. Esto ha desencadenado, a su vez, la producción de una gran cantidad de información, una explosión de datos conocida como Big Data.En este nuevo contexto, surge la necesidad de estudiar cómo se afronta en Relaciones Públicas el manejo de esta ingente cantidad de información, que se genera de manera constante, a gran velocidad y que exige una gestión incluso en tiempo real.
Este trabajo realiza una revisión bibliográfica del estado actual de la investigación sobre la gestión de Big Data en Relaciones Públicas. El resultado del análisis es un total de 41 trabajos. A través del análisis de contenido, se constata que las actividades de comunicación interna, relaciones con los medios, comunicación de crisis e issues management son las más vinculadas a la gestión de datos.
Incidencia del consumo y marcas en la experiencia de bienestar subjetivo entre jóvenes: una exploración cualitativa
Authors: Vargas Bianchi Lizardo
Published: March 2019

Investigaciones señalan que el consumo se correlaciona con la experiencia de bienestar subjetivo. No obstante, es poca la literatura que trata sobre este fenómeno entre jóvenes. Este estudio exploratorio tiene por objeto conocer el modo en que estudiantes universitarios perciben que el consumo y las marcas intervienen sobre el bienestar subjetivo, e identificar los elementos que consideran en sus conductas de consumo destinadas a obtener bienestar. Se uso una metodología cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico, con estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. El análisis siguió un proceso de codificación descriptiva. La experiencia de consumo y bienestar manifiesta ser un fenómeno relativo a cada persona, en particular su sentido de necesidad y marco valorativo de lo material, factores que parecen ser modulados por el entorno familiar. Los jóvenes encuentran en los actos de compra y las marcas un conducto para atender sus necesidades sociales, específicamente la pertenencia y aceptación en grupos.
Manual práctico de redacción periodística , de Parratt, S. (coord.), Paniagua, P. y Abejón P.
Authors: Cabedo Figueredo Francisco Javier
Published: March 2019

Los autores del manual, Parratt, Paniagua y Abejón, son profesores de periodismo en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. En su trayectoria como docentes se han especializado en prensa escrita e imparten clases relacionadas con la redacción periodística y el trabajo de los distintos géneros informativos. A pesar de que el libro dedica mucha atención a la parte teórica (definición de conceptos, explicación del origen de diferentes corrientes periodísticas, evolución del tratamiento de la información en prensa, teorías de la comunicación como la Agenda-Setting, entre otros) presenta toda la información de un modo práctico y aplicado al trabajo real que desarrollaría un periodista en cualquier redacción.
Móviles 24/7. El teléfono móvil en la era de la hiperconectividad, de Márquez, I.
Authors: Serrano-Puche Javier
Published: March 2019

“Vivir es, de manera creciente, estar pegado a la pantalla y conectado a la red”. El diagnóstico que hace una década realizaban los sociólogos franceses Gilles Lipovetsky y Jean Serroy no ha dejado de cumplirse desde entonces. En su libro La pantalla global (2009), los autores ponían de manifiesto cómo “la red de las pantallas ha transformado nuestra forma de vivir, nuestra relación con la información, con el espacio-tiempo, con los viajes y el consumo: se ha convertido en un instrumento de comunicación y de información, en un intermediario casi inevitable en nuestras relaciones con el mundo y con los demás”. (Lipovetsky y Serroy, 2009, p. 271).
El controvertido Diario 16 de Pedro J. Ramírez. De la transición al felipismo (1980-1989), de Ramos, R. y Barrera, C.
Authors: Mauricio Trelles Irina
Published: March 2019

Después de la dictadura de Francisco Franco, en España, surge en ese país una prensa con una nueva dinámica. Esta nueva dinámica abarca aspectos amplios y complejos: la relación entre los poderes informativos, políticos y económicos, la periodicidad de los medios, el modo de hacer y presentar el periodismo de investigación, la defensa, desde los medios, de causas y derechos que hasta ese entonces no habían sido debatidos con el público de modo tan abierto, una posición editorial frente a la violencia, el terrorismo y la corrupción. La lista de cambios es extensa y los actores son variados.
Review on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of Vehicles
Authors: Mukut A N M Mominul Islam , Abedin Mohammad Zoynal
Published: March 2019

Due to higher price, limited supply and negative impacts on environment by fossil fuel, automobile industries have directed their concentrations in reducing the fuel consumption of vehicles in order to achieve the lower aerodynamic drag. As a consequence, numerous researches have been carried out throughout the world for not only getting the optimum aerodynamic design with lower drag penalty and but also other parameters that increases the fuel consumption. In this regard, relevant experimental and numerical outcomes on vehicle drag reduction considering various techniques such as active, passive and combined techniques in order to delay or suppress flow separation behind the vehicles have been considered in this review paper. Furthermore, the effects of drag reduction and their applicability on the vehicles are also illustrated in this paper. Therefore, it is conjectured that the drag reduction has been improved as much as 20%, 21.2%, and 30% by using the active, passive and combined control systems, respectively.
HEALTH AWARENESS;
Authors: Sahito Muhammad Amin , Samejo Imran , Mirani Shahid Ali
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the awareness and practices about periodontal health among patients of Larkana. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Periodontology Department of Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Larkana. Period: October 2016 to May 2017 Material and Methods: Three hundred and thirty two patients were randomly selected over a period of almost eight months at department of periodontology, BibiAseefa Dental College, Larkana. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data by interviewing the patients. The questionnaire comprised of two parts. First part consisted of questions regarding demographic data. The second part was consisted of seven (7) multiple choice question to collect data regarding assessment ofawareness and practices regarding periodontal health. Results: Out of the total 332 patients, 214 (64%) were male and 118 (36%) were females. The most common age decade was third.Total 77% of participants were unaware regarding consequences of periodontal diseases. Approximately 75% of participants reported using a toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their teeth. 68% of participants used to brush their teeth once a day in this study. About 46% of participants brushed their teeth for up to 1 minute. Television and media were the sources of selecting the toothbrush and toothpaste by 57% of participants. Dental floss was not used by 96% of participants. 87% of participants visited the dentist due to dental problem. Conclusion: It is concluded that the awareness and practices of patients about periodontal health was not satisfactory and needs to be improved through community based dental programs. Oral health awareness programs at schools, colleges, universities, and community levels should be commenced in urban especially in rural areas.
SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS;
Authors: Jafri Sana , Awan Riaz Hussain , Nayab SEEMA , Hussain Awan Khadim
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To determine the frequency of culture positive (SBP) and culture negative spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (neutrocytic ascites) in cirrhotic population. Period: The six months (November 08th 2012 to May 07th 2013). Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology at Liaquat National Hospital. Total 107 patients of liver cirrhosis with ascites admitted in our hospital. All the specific patients had ascitic fluid DR and C/S were enrolled and evaluated. Patient’s information was recorded on proforma and analyzed by using SPSS-20.0. Results: SBP was detected in 10 7 patients aged between 18 and 67 years included in study. Out of 107 patients with SBP 23 (21.5%) were culture positive while 84 (78.5%) were culture negative. In the culture positive group,19 (82.6%) were male and 4 (17.4%) were female while in culture negative group 46 (54.76%) were male and 38 (45.24%) were female. The ascitic fluid mean total leukocyte count in patients with culture positive ascites was 5140.39 /mm3 and in culture negative ascites was 2654.26 / mm3. The ascitic fluid mean neutrophils count in subjects with culture positive ascites was 75.57% and in culture negative ascites was 76.02%. The ascitic fluid mean lymphocyte count in individuals had culture positive ascites was 26.09 % and in subjects had culture negative ascites was 23.97%. Conclusion: Frequency of culture negative ascites is greater than culture positive ascites in SBP. The ascitic fluid mean total leucocyte count for culture positive ascites is greater than culture negative ascites. Mortality is high in culture positive ascites.
CONDYLAR FRACTURE;
Authors: Ashraf Usman , Ahmed Shaheen , Hafeez Shaikh Abdul , Iqbal Noureen , Abbas Zaidi Syed Jaffar , Hasan Umer , Ali Anwar
Published: March 2019

Background: This study was conducted tocompare treatment outcomes of condylar fracture fixation usingeither single or double non-compressive mini plates. Study Design: Interventional study. Setting:  Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. IshratulIbad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences. Period: July 2017 till December 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 participants were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, each consisting of 15 participants.Patients treated with a single non-compression miniplate were placed in group 1, while those patients whose fractures were reduced and fixed by double non-compression mini plates were placed in group 2. Outcomes assessed were intraoperative time, deviation on mouth opening, malocclusion, plate bending, function of facial muscles and the relative cost of implants. Results: Out of a total of thirty patients, it was observed that those patients who were randomly assigned group 2 had better treatment outcomes and less complications as compared to the other group. Three patients with malocclusion were seen in group 1 compared with only a single case seen in group 2. Greater number of plate bending with susceptibility to plate fracture was also observed in Group 1. Conclusion: It can thus be concluded that using two plates for condylar fracture represents a more stable and sustainable solution with less complications in providing osteosynthesis.
TYPE–II DIABETES MELLITUS;
Authors: Raza Memon Ali , Ghanghro Allah Bux , Qazi Nasreen , Akram Muhammad , Ali Shaikh Imran
Published: March 2019

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the global health problem all over the world. The millions of people facing morbidity and mortality due to poor glycemic control with their complications. Now a days many researchers working on the benefits of natural remedies to control and cure different diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia etc. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of (combination of olive oil & garlic) on glycemic control with comparison conventional allopathic therapy. Study Design: Prospective Randomized control Trial (RCT). Setting: Institute of Biochemistry Sindh University Jamshoro. Period: Three months from 15th July to 15th October 2017. Methodology: Collaboration of diabetic clinic medical wards LUMHS Jamshoro. Total 160 patients recruited and divided into two groups control and case study group. Anti-diabetic drugs were given both group with same dose and balanced diet, formulated capsules containing 1.1 ml of olive oil & 500mgs of garlic powder were given only patients of case study group for 12 weeks. Fasting blood sugar levels were analyzed by glucose oxidase method at zero level, level – I, level – II, while HbA1c% was detected by micro lab at zero level & level – II. Results: The results of our study; shows that serum fasting level significantly (p value = <0.001) reduce in case study group as compared to control group, glycemic control significant (p= <0.001) better observed in case study group as compare with control group. Conclusion: Our study concluded that components of olive oil and garlic have hypoglycemic effects with good glycemic control. With proper usage of garlic and olive oil in diet of diabetic patients can maintain glycemic control with in normal limits.
ACUTE ABDOMEN;
Authors: Zarin Mohammad , Zeb Junaid , Khan Muhammad Asim , Maroof Syed Asad , Ibrar Somia
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To assess the role of laparoscopy in patients presented with acute abdomen, to know the extent of its diagnostic and therapeutic role. And to know that how frequent the laparoscopic procedure is converted into open surgical procedures. Study Design: Prospective cross sectional study. Setting:  Department of surgery Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: July 2015-july 2017. Methodology: A total of 240 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected randomly for study. Data was collected by using pre designed questionnaire after informed consent from patient and analyzed by SPSS 17. Results: Out of our total sample, 155(64.6%) were males while 85(35.4%) females. Mean age of patients was 32±11 years. 52(21.6%) were diabetics, 45(18.7%) were hypertensive while 37(15.4%) were smokers. Laparoscopy was successful in diagnosing all cases. After diagnosis 212(88.3%) patients were managed primarily by laparoscopy at the same procedure while 28(11.7%) patients were subjected to open procedure. All patients were followed post operatively till time of discharge. Average hospital stay was 6±4 days. Outcome showed that 3(1.2%) patients were expired in which 2 were having mesenteric ischemia and 1 had ruptured ectopic pregnancy while 237(98.7%) were discharged. Conclusion: Laparoscopy in cases of acute abdomen was noted as safe and accurate procedure with decrease mortality and morbidity. Moreover it is an authentic tool for diagnosis with high diagnostic accuracy. It also helps in management at same time and aid in further curse of management.
GOITRE;
Authors: Leghari Shahnawaz , Ali Memon Gulshan , Khan Toor Habib-ur-Rehman
Published: March 2019

Background: The entity of goitre is as old as mankind itself and has been recorded historically in Chinese text as back as 2700 B.C. Indeed in context to WHO adage, every thyroid nodule should be considered malignant until proven otherwise, needs triple assessment. The histopathology is very mandatory to have definitive diagnosis. Objectives: of this study was to determine the frequency of malignancy in patients presented with goitre at our institution. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Period: January 2015 to December 2017. Setting: Department of Surgical Unit 1 People’s Medical College Hospital Nawabshah tertiary care hospital were plotted in this study, through non probability consecutive methods. Material and Methods: 160 patients having goitre underwent for various thyroid surgeries with reported histopathology. Results: In a total of 160 patients, 79.4%, 6.9%, 2.5%, and 11.3% were simple, toxic, inflammatory and malignant neoplasm respectively. Conclusions: Study revealed 11.25% frequency of thyroid malignancy in patient presented with goiters. Among these papillary carcinoma was 8.1%, follicular carcinoma was 1.9% and anaplastic carcinoma was 1.3%.
ESOPHAGEAL VARICES;
Authors: Ijaz Nadia , Nazar Tazeen , Aziz Bilal
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To determine the correlation between serum albumin levels and the grades of esophageal varices in patients of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Unit I, Department of Medicine, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from 29th June, 2014 to 28th December, 2014. Methodology: 95 patients of either sex between 20-70 years of age, with the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C were selected using non - probability consecutive sampling. The presence of esophageal varices was confirmed by endoscopy. Results: Out of a total of 95 patients, 59 (62.11%) were between the age group of 20-50 years while 36 (37.89%) were between 51-70 years of age. Mean+SD was calculated as 48.37+11.75 years. Gender distribution showed that 51 (53.68%) patients were males and 44 (46.32%) were females. Correlation between serum albumin level and the grade of esophageal varices in patients of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B & C showed that out of 26 cases with serum albumin level <2.8, 10 had Grade I and 16 had Grade II while out of 69 cases with ≥2.8 serum albumin level, 40 had grade I and 29 had grade II EV. r value was recorded to be -0.697 whereas p-value was calculated as 0.000. Conclusion: There is a significant negative correlation between serum albumin level and grade of esophageal varices in patients of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C.
DEEP SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS (DSSIS);
Authors: Hussain Mirani Shahid , Waheed Khan Abdul , Nsar Ahmad Raza
Published: March 2019

Background: A surgical incision in the abdominal cavity (laparotomy surgery) is the most common procedure in surgical departments. Post-operative wound irrigation is very helpful method for surgeons to diagnose the surgical infections and to decrease the length of stay at hospital. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of deep surgical site infections in patients treated laparotomy procedure with or without post-operative wound irrigation. Study Design: Comparative control trial, observational study. Setting: Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital, Sukkur. Period: 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017. Material and Methods: Three hundred and thirty patients of both genders who had treated laparotomy because of intra-abdominal cavity and due to perforated appendix, examined TB, typhoid history, clinical treatments were included. All patients were divided into two groups with or without post-operative wound irrigation to examine the frequency of DSSIs in patients at third and seventh day of laprotomy treatment. Results: There were 180 (54.55%) were men and 150 (45.45%) patients were women. 50 (15.15%) patients having ages of <20 years, 110 (33.33%) patients were aged between 20 to 29 years, 130 (39.39%) patients were aged between 30 to 39 years, 25 (7.58%) patients having ages of 40 to 49 years and 15 (4.54%) patients were ages >49 years. Hospital stay of patients was recorded from 2 to 10 days, 237 (71.82%) patients having stay at hospital were 2 to 4 days, 63 (19.09%) patients stay were 5 to 7 days while 30 (9.10%) patients stay were >7 days. Out of all the 330 patients, 47 (14.24%) patients found surgical site infections on 3rd days, 43 (13.03%) found DSSIs on 5th day and 45 (13.64%) patients had deep surgical site infections on 7th day after laparotomy treatment. DSSIs on 3rd days was noted in 23 (6.97%) patients with Postoperative wound irrigation and 24 (7.24%) without PO wound irrigations, 22 (6.67%) found DSSIs with wound irrigations and 21 (6.37%) without wound irrigations, while on 7th day 21 and 24 patients had observed deep surgical site infections after operation. Conclusion: There is no major difference observed in prevalence of DSSIs whether performing post operative wound irrigation or do not performing PO wound irrigations after laparotomy procedure. Thus we concluded that the PO wound irrigations is not useful method to decrease the rate of DSSIs on 3rd, 5th and seventh day of after operation.
COLLISION TUMOUR IN OVARY;
Authors: Samad Afra , Mahmood Namra , Samad Arbaz
Published: March 2019

Most of the ovarian tumours are of surface epithelium and account for 65-75% of tumours.1 Serous cystadenoma constitutes 20% of ovarian tumours. Sex- cord stromal tumour is less common. Fibroma is the most common sex-cord stromal tumor comprising 70%.2 Tumors can present in a combination in ovary like teratoma and mucinous cystadenoma, granulosa cell tumour and mature teratoma and/or mucinous tumors.3 We report a rare case of combined serous cystadenoma and fibroma in a 55 years old female. Review of literature reveal only two such cases. To best of our knowledge this is the third case which is being report.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE;
Authors: Farid Muhammad Ikram , Jamal Khan Nasir , Alam Khan Shahzad , Safdar Sohail , Imtiaz Iqra
Published: March 2019

Objectives: To establish or refute any association between high Body Mass Index (BMI) and Coronary Artery Disease in South Punjab area of Pakistan. Background: Ischemic heart disease has a strong relation with high Body Mass Index (BMI). But still uncertainty persists about the association that exists between overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) or obese patients (BMI >30 kg/m2). Design: Observational, Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Cardiac cath lab department of Multan Institute of cardiology Multan. Duration of Study: Six month tenure extending between January 2017 to June 2017. Methods: The study was conducted in cardiac cath lab department of Multan Institute of cardiology, Multan. Total of Four hundred and seventy eight patients (478) over a period of two months were included in the study. All patients were having a coronary angiography due to a medical indication. Their BMI was calculated by using standard formula. Results: Out of 478 patients 335 (70.1%) patients were having optimal weight. 123 (25.7%) were overweight, 12 (2.5%) were mildly obese, 8 (1.7%) were severely obese patients. Optimal weight patients had 12.5% normal coronary angiogram, 26.3 % had single vessel CAD, 20% had two vessel disease and 41.2% had severe triple vessel disease. Over weight patients had 17.9% normal coronary angiograms, single vessel CAD was seen in 26.8% patients, 21.9% patients had two vessel disease and 33.3% had severe triple vessel CAD. Mildly obese patients had 8.3% normal coronary angiograms, 50% had single vessel CAD, 25% had two vessel disease, and 16.7% had severe Triple vessel disease. Among severe obese patients 12.5% had normal coronary angiography, 25% had single vessel disease, 50% had two vessel disease, and 12.5% had severe triple vessel disease. Conclusion: Patients undergoing Coronary Angiogram in the region of south Punjab did not show any significant relationship between severity of CAD (Severe two vessels & severe Triple vessel disease) and BMI.
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST;
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Ashafaq Umair , Aslam Mohammad
Published: March 2019

Background: Branchial cleft cyst is rare congenital anomaly and most common cause of head and neck pathology in children. Second branchial cyst accounts 95 % of the all brnchial anomalies. It mostly manifest in 2nd and 3rd decade of life. Early diagnosis, controlling the infection status and complete excision without nerve injury is mainstay of treatment. Recurrence rates is very low after complete surgical excision. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: 02 year from August 2016 to July 2018. Methods: 04 cases of branchial anomalies. Age, sex, and duration of symptoms were noted from the case records. The side and site of the lesion and the site of opening of sinuses and fistula were noted. The cystic lesions were investigated with ultrasound and CT scan. Surgical excision of cyst and sinus done. Results: The structure of the studied group was as follows: the ratio men/women was of approximately 3/1; the ratio branchial cysts/branchial sinuses/branchial fistulae = 2/2/0.  Age ranged from 16 to 27 years. Two patients presented with left neck swelling and one patient presented with right neck swelling and one with right sided discharging sinus. Complete surgical excision was done in all cases and no complication occured. Conclusion: Branchial cysts are commonly misdiagnosed and rarely included in the differential diagnosis. Physician should suspect in any patient with a swelling in the lateral part of the neck.
Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in the Philippine Setting
Authors: Malaluan Arnold Quinto
Published: March 2019

The study was conducted to assess the performance of micro and small enterprises in Lipa City, Philippines using Cash Conversion Cycle. It was conducted among 375 managers and business owners in the area. Descriptive method was to collect the data and test the null hypothesis. Frequency/percentage, weighted mean, and composite mean were used as statistical tools. Results reveal that majority of the respondents were micro enterprises with a 1-9 employees that have been operating for 1-3 years; that the cash conversion cycle and its comparison of responses to the performance of micro and small enterprises found to be effective; that the cash conversion cycle in terms of years of existence, business category and number of employees are effective; that the cash conversion cycle to the performance of micro and small enterprises in terms of cash to accounts payable, accounts payable to inventory, inventory to accounts receivable,  and accounts receivable to cash are effective; that the comparison between the cash conversion cycle to the performance of micro and small enterprises and effectiveness when grouped according to years of existence, business category and number of employees were significant. Thus, the proposed extension activity can be considered and implemented by the concerned agency.
The relationship between self-efficacy and the duration of students� final project writing completion
Authors: Rahmadini Nafisa Syahida , Hartono Hartono , Rohmaniyah Rohmaniyah
Published: March 2019

This study is aimed at finding out the relationship between self-efficacy and the duration of students' final project writing�commonly reffered as skripsi-completion. It was a correlational study involving 33 students of English Education and English Literature departments of the College of Languages and Communication Science of Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA) Semarang who were taken purposively as samples for the study. Data were collected by questionnaire of self-efficacy and a respondent-fill-form to collect �data on the duration the final project completion. The result of the analysis showed that students� self-efficacy and the duration of their final project writing completion was correlated positively at 0.994. This implies that students with high self-efficacy would likely complete the final project earlier than those with lower self-efficacy.
Development of Patin Fish Business in Batu Belah Village, Kampar District, Riau [Pengembangan Usaha Ikan Patin di Desa Batu Belah Kecamatan Kampar Riau]
Authors: Nurman Muhammad , Hendarini Any Tri , Afrinis Nur
Published: March 2019

Kampar Regency is the largest producer of catfish in Riau. Catfish farmers in this region carry out catfish cultivation independently. Partners experience very little capital constraints, where the price of seeds and feed is increasing, while the selling price of catfish tends to remain or even decline. The purpose of this activity is to help catfish farmers to increase their income and the sale value of pangasius produced by providing pellet machines. Constraints faced by partners, namely the high price of feed causes high prices of production, while the selling power of catfish is low. This is what causes the least benefit obtained by catfish farmers. The activities carried out on this PKM program are the use of science and technology in terms of catfish production, namely by providing feed/pellet machines, this effort aims to reduce dependence on commercial feed sold at relatively high prices. Pellet to partners. By giving this machine it can increase the income of catfish farmers. The price of commercial pellets is Rp. 9,666, - while the price of feed with the use of pellet machines is Rp. 4,850. The difference in profits obtained by catfish farmers by providing pellet machines is Rp. 4,816. So that the use of pellet machines can increase the income of catfish partners.
Low incidence of plastic ingestion among three fish species significant for human consumption on the island of Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Liboiron Max
Published: March 2019

This study reports the first baselines of plastic ingestion for three fish species that are common commercial and sustenance food fish in Newfoundland. Species collections occurred between 2015 and 2016 for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and capelin (Mallotus villosus). The frequency of occurrence (%FO) of plastic ingestion for both Atlantic salmon (n = 69) and capelin (n = 350) was 0%. Of the 1010 Atlantic cod individuals collected over two years, 17 individuals had ingested plastics, a %FO of 1.68%. This is the only multi-year investigation of plastic ingestion in Atlantic cod for the Northwest Atlantic, and the first baseline of plastic ingestion in Atlantic salmon and capelin on the island of Newfoundland. Considering the ecological, economic, and cultural importance of these fish species, this study is the beginning of a longitudinal study of plastic ingestion to detect any future changes in contamination levels.