bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Regional Air Quality Impacts of Cannabis Cultivation Facilities in
Denver, Colorado
Authors: Wang Chi-Tsan , Wiedinmyer Christine , Ashworth Kirsti , Harley Peter C. , Ortega John , Rasool Quazi Z. , Vizuete William
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The legal commercialization of cannabis for recreational and medical use has effectively created a new and almost unregulated cultivation industry. In 2018, within the Denver County limits, there were more than 600 registered cannabis cultivation facilities (CCFs) for recreational and medical use, mostly housed in commercial warehouses. Measurements have found concentrations of highly reactive terpenes from the headspace above cannabis plants that, when released in the atmosphere, could impact air quality. Here we developed the first emission inventory for cannabis emissions of terpenes. The range of possible emissions from these facilities was 66–657 metric tons/year of terpenes across the state of Colorado; half of the emissions are from Denver County. Our estimates are based on the best available information and highlight the critical data gaps needed to reduce uncertainties. These realizations of inventories were then used with a regulatory air quality model, developed by the State of Colorado to predict regional ozone impacts. It was found that most of the predicted changes occur in the vicinity of CCFs concentrated in Denver. An increase of 362 metric tons/year of terpene emissions in Denver County resulted in increases of up to 0.34 ppb in hourly ozone concentrations during the morning and 0.67 ppb at night. Model predictions indicate that in Denver County every 1,000 metric tons/year increase of terpenes results in 1 ppb increase in daytime hourly ozone concentrations and a maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) increase of 0.3 ppb. The emission inventories developed here are highly uncertain, but highlight the need for more detailed cannabis and CCFs data to fully understand the possible impacts of this new industry on regional air quality.
Black Carbon physical and optical properties across northern India
during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons
Authors: Brooks James , Liu Dantong , Allan James D. , Williams Paul I. , Haywood Jim , Highwood Ellie J. , Kompalli Sobhan K. , Babu S. Suresh , Satheesh Sreedharan K. , Turner Andrew G. , Coe Hugh
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is known to have major impacts on both climate and human health, so is therefore of global importance, particularly so in regions close to large populations that have strong sources. The physical properties and mixing state of black carbon containing particles are important determinants in these effects but information is often lacking, particularly in some of the most important regions of the globe. Detailed analysis into the vertical and horizontal BC optical and physical properties across northern India has been carried out using airborne in-situ measurements. The size-resolved mixing state of BC-containing particles was characterised using a single particle soot photometer (SP2). The study focusses on the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Data presented are from the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements BAe-146 research aircraft that performed flights during the pre-monsoon (11th and 12th June) and monsoon (30th June to 11th July) seasons of 2016. Over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, BC mass concentrations were greater (1.95 µg/m3) compared to north-west India (1.50 µg/m3) and north-east India (0.70 µg/m3) during the pre-monsoon. Across northern India, two distinct BC modes were recorded; a mode of small BC particles (core diameter
Increase of the particle hit rate in laser single particle mass spectrometer by pulse delayed extraction technology
Authors: Chen Ying , Kozlovskiy Viacheslav , Du Xubing , Lv Jinnuo , Nikiforov Sergei , Yu Jiajun , Kolosov Alexander , Gao Wei , Zhou Zhen , Huang Zhengxu , Li Lei
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Single particle mass spectrometer is the instrument providing a plenty of valuable information on chemical and physical parameters of individual particles in real time. One of the main performance criteria of the instrument is the efficiency of particles detection (hit rate). Most of SPMS instruments use DC extraction, when the stationary high voltage is applied to the extraction electrodes. As the aerosol particles initially carry a certain charge, they can be deflected by this electric field thus decreasing the hit rate. It was realized in this work, that the delay extraction technique can eliminate the stochastic dispersion of the particles beam caused by their deflection in the stationary electric field. As the result, the hit rate of the instrument can be significantly improved. Also, as the effect of deflection in the electric field is mass dependent, it can cause the distortion of the measured size distribution of the particles. Hence, the delay extraction can bring the measured distribution closer to the real one. Thus, the delay extraction technique provides not only mass resolution improvement, but also increases the hit rate. The gain in the hit rate depends on the type of the particles. It can be two orders of magnitude for model particles, and up to 2–4 times for real particles. In the present work we report experiments and results showing the effect of the delay extraction on the particles beam divergence caused by particles charge, the hit rate improvement and the effect of the delay extraction on the measured particles size distribution.
Anomalies in the Carbonate System of Red Sea Coastal Habitats
Authors: Baldry Kimberlee , Saderne Vincent , McCorkle Daniel C. , Churchill James H. , Agusti Susana , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We use observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) to assess the impact of ecosystem metabolic processes on coastal waters of the eastern Red Sea. A simple, single-end-member mixing model is used to account for the influence of mixing with offshore waters and evaporation/precipitation, and to model ecosystem-driven perturbations on the carbonate system chemistry of coral reefs, seagrass meadows and mangrove forests. We find that (1) along-shelf changes in TA and DIC exhibit strong linear trends that are consistent with basin-scale net calcium carbonate precipitation; (2) ecosystem-driven changes in TA and DIC are larger than offshore variations in > 85 % of sampled seagrass meadows and mangrove forests, changes which are influenced by a combination of longer water residence times and community metabolic rates; and (3) the sampled mangrove forests show strong and consistent contributions from both organic respiration and other sedimentary processes (carbonate dissolution and secondary redox processes), while seagrass meadows display more variability in the relative contributions of photosynthesis and other sedimentary processes (carbonate precipitation and oxidative processes).
Surface Mass Balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and its link with surface temperature change in model simulations and reconstructions
Authors: Dalaiden Quentin , Goosse Hugues , Klein François , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Holloway Max , Sime Louise , Thomas Elizabeth R.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Improving our knowledge of the temporal and spatial variability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) Surface Mass Balance (SMB) is crucial to reduce the uncertainties of past, present and future Antarctic contributions to sea level rise. Here, we show that Global Climate Models (GCMs) can reproduce the present-day (1979–2005) AIS SMB and the temporal variations over the last two centuries. An examination of the surface temperature–SMB relationship in model simulations demonstrates a strong link between the two. Reconstructions based on ice cores display a weaker relationship, indicating a model-data discrepancy that may be due to model biases or to the non-climatic noise present in the records. We find that, on the regional scale, the modelled temperature-SMB relationship is stronger than the relationship between δ18O-temperature. This suggests that SMB data can be used to reconstruct past surface temperatures. Using this finding, we assimilate isotope-enabled model SMB and δ18O output with ice-core observations, to generate a new surface temperature reconstruction. Although an independent evaluation of the skill is difficult because of the short observational time series, this new reconstruction outperforms the previous reconstructions for the continental-mean temperature that were based on δ18O alone with a linear correlation coefficient with the observed surface temperatures (1958–2010 CE) of 0.73. The improvement is largest for the East Antarctic region, where the uncertainties are particularly large. Finally, we provide a spatial SMB reconstruction of the AIS over the last two centuries showing 1) large variability in SMB trends at regional scale; and 2) a large SMB increase (0.82 Gt year−2) in West Antarctica over 1957–2000 while at the same time, East Antarctica has experienced a large SMB decrease (−3.3 Gt year−2), which is consistent with a recent reconstruction.
Initialization of a global glacier model based on present-day glacier geometry and past climate information: an ensemble approach
Authors: Eis Julia , Maussion Fabien , Marzeion Ben
Published: June 2019

Abstract. To provide estimates of past glacier mass changes over the course of the 20th century, an adequate initial state is required. However, empirical evidence about past glacier states at regional or global scale is largely incomplete, both spatially and temporally, calling for the use of automated numerical methods. This study presents a new way to initialize the Open Global Glacier Model from past climate information and present-day glacier states. We generate a large set of physically plausible glacier candidates for a given year in the past (e.g. 1850 in the Alps). All these candidates are modelled forward to the date of the observed glacier outline, and evaluated by comparing the results of the forward runs to the present-day states. We apply the approach on 2621 alpine glaciers and determine error estimates of the method from synthetic experiments. The results show that the solution is often non-unique, as many of the reconstructed initial states converge towards the observed state in the year of observation. We find that the median state of the best 5 percent of all acceptable states is a reasonable best estimate. The accuracy of the method depends on the type of the considered observation for the evaluation (glacier length, area, or geometry). Trying to find past states from only present-day length instead of the full geometry leads to a sharp increase in uncertainty. Our method thus also provides quantitative information on how well the reconstructed initial glacier states are constrained through the combination of present-day outlines with past climate conditions. We show that even with perfectly known but incomplete boundary conditions the problem of model initialization is non-trivial and non-unique, and discuss ways to develop the method further.
Investigating on the effect of freezing in different time periods on the chemical and qualitative changes of fish (Giant trevally)
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Ayoubi Saladin
Published: June 2019

Changes in proximate composition of the Giant trevally were carried out for 0 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days and 35 days at a freezing temperature. The moisture, ash, protein and fat contents were measured using standard methods. Based on obtained results, moisture content was decreased during different periods of freezing and its amount in fresh fish before freezing was (74.72%) that were decreased to 73.5%, 71.74%, 70.4%, 69.06% and 67.72%, respectively  for 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of freezing. The fat content in the fresh fish before freezing was (8.13%) that were decreased to 7.02% and 5.93%, and 5.33%, and 4.73%, and 4.13%, respectively, at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of freezing, respectively. The amount of protein in the fresh fish before freezing was (20.02%) that were decreased to 18.23% and 16.99%, and 15.75%, 14.51% and 13.27%, at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of freezing, respectively. Ash content in fresh fish before freezing was (1.21%) that decreased to 1%, 0.82% and 0.70%, and 0.58% and 0.46%, during 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of freezing, respectively. it can be concluded that the best quality of frozen fish  was obtained  between 14 to 7 days of freezing.
Current Development on Cloud Computing Service Models for End Users Data Analysis
Authors: Abdul Malik Nur Hamezah Abdul Malic , Tengku Izhar Tengku Adil , Abdul Kadir Mohd Razilan
Published: June 2019

The emerging cloud computing has lead society to accept this technology advancement in their daily life. Referring to the past studies, it is found that there are few factors that effecting the usage satisfaction in using cloud computing services. Many cloud computing providers are always competing to give users the best feature out of their offered services. However, it should consider knowing the factors that contribute to the usage satisfaction. This paper reviewed the previous study on cloud computing services. We compare previous models on cloud computing to analyse current gaps on critical factors toward future framework development. The reviews contain relevant factors such as security, efficiency and performance, cost, organisation and technology developed based from the literature.
El derecho a una buena administración pública en Chile
Authors: Linazasoro Espinoza Izaskun
Published: June 2019

Reconociendo su importancia, el derecho a una buena administración pública fue consagrado por primera vez en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. En Chile, si bien este derecho no ha sido reconocido de forma explícita, la sistematización de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico y del derecho administrativo en particular, permite reconocer los principios que lo conforman, los cuales han sido aplicados ampliamente por la jurisprudencia tanto administrativa como judicial. En este sentido, resulta interesante analizar dos sentencias recientes de la Corte Suprema que parecen reconocer, de forma casi explícita, este derecho a una buena administración.
Beneficios de la ICC
Authors: Milián Alfredo
Published: June 2019

En primer lugar, quiero felicitar a los patrocinadores de este importante evento por debatir el tema de comercio y las relaciones comerciales actuales y en segundo lugar agradecer y expresar que para mí es un verdadero honor estar con tan distinguido panel.Quisiera hablar básicamente de dos cosas, primero establecer qué lugar ocupa la Iniciativa de la Cuenca del Caribe y la ampliación de sus beneficios dentro del contexto general de las relaciones comerciales y en segundo lugar entrar en los detalles particulares de algunos de los beneficios que en esta ocasión se obtuvieron con los Estados Unidos.Quisiera atreverme a decir que la Iniciativa de la Cuenca del Caribe o la ampliación de sus beneficios es, quizás, el cuarto paso dentro de lo que ha sido todo el rango de preferencia comerciales unilaterales a favor de países en vías de desarrollo.Ustedes recordarán que esto comienza al principio del establecimiento de los principios del GAP donde a la par de todo ese esfuerzo nace un espacio para los países en vías de desarrollo y comienza un proceso de otorgar un tratamiento especial a los países considerados menos desarrollados dentro del contexto mundial.
Aspectos económicos : producción real
Authors: Utec Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador
Published: June 2019

La inversión de esos primeros cinco años fue de reposición en vista de la infraestructura dañada o destruida por la guerra, de poco o nulo impacto inmediato en la capacidad de producción instalada que tiene el país, pero sí amplificadora de la demanda en forma directa e indirecta gracias a la generación de empleo.El efecto multiplicador del ingreso y una especie de liberación de un consumo reprimido generó un "boom" de post guerra de corta duración durante el primer quinquenio de los noventa; esa demanda agregada, tanto en lo que concierne al consumo como a la formación bruta de capital, fue perdiendo dinamismo y como consecuencia la contrapartida del crecimiento del PIB fueron las exportaciones.Cifras aún preliminares, indican que el crecimiento del PIB a precios constantes de 1990, para el año 2000, fue de 2.5 por ciento, por lo que el producto per cápita no experimentó un crecimiento significativo que favoreciera las condiciones de vida de la población.
Afganistán : geografía e historia
Authors: Ramos Elsa
Published: June 2019

Los atentados del 11 de septiembre a las Torres Gemelas en New York y al edificio del Pentágono en Washington, han modificado radicalmente el curso de la historia para los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y para todo el mundo.Los Estados Unidos son en el presente siglo la potencia hegemónica por excelencia, y por ello definen la política mundial directa o indirectamente.Lo grave de éste caso es que, por primera vez, éste país ha sido atacado en su territorio nacional, a pesar que ellos consideran el ataque japonés del 7 de diciembre de 1941 a Pearl Harbor como el primero de su historia.Sin embargo, cabe recordar que este puerto queda en el archipiélago filipino, del cual se apoderó EE.UU.
TLC Centroamérica - Estados Unidos
Authors: Orellana Merlos Carlos
Published: June 2019

Dentro del marco de las negociaciones de los Tratados de Libre Comercio(TLC's), y particularmente en las mesas de acceso a los mercados de productos agropecuarios e industriales, se negocian esencialmente los programas de desgravación de los derechos arancelarios a las importaciones (aranceles) de dichos productos, así como las barreras no arancelarias.Los aranceles a las importaciones, posiblemente el más importante instrumento de la política comercial externa, tienen como propósito principal proteger a los productores nacionales de los competidores extranjeros para que logren desarrollarse.Pero, ¿cuál es el objetivo principal de una liberalización comercial, y específicamente de una desgravación arancelaria entre dos o más países? En términos generales, incrementar las exportaciones y promover la competitividad productiva, tanto por el mayor abastecimiento de insumos en mejores condiciones de precio y posiblemente de calidad, como por el reto que plantea la producción extranjera.En principio, la referida competitividad redundaría a su vez en más exportaciones y en mayores beneficios para los consumidores de los países involucrados, ya que dispondrían de una mayor variedad de bienes con mejores precios y calidades.
Voz ciudadana
Authors: Ruballo Thirza
Published: June 2019

Ana María del Cid, actual Alcaldesa del Municipio de Mejicanos, departamento de San Salvador.¿Tiene la Alcaldía de Mejicanos una estrategia de prevención de la violencia? Estamos trabajando. El gobierno central para combatir la delincuencia inició en Mejicanos como prueba piloto la recuperación de espacios públicos a través de la construcción de complejos deportivos.Como Consejo municipal hemos pedido la colaboración al Fondo de Inversión Social para Desarrollo Local (FISDL), para la creación de un programa de seguridad ciudadana basados en la experiencia de Sur América.Me reservo cómo lo voy a hacer, sólo en mi cabeza lo tengo, aún no está escrito, pero quiero que sea modelo. Para comenzarlo necesito que se realice una consulta en todo el municipio, necesito que la población opine si procede o no.
El Salvador a principios del nuevo siglo
Authors: Pleitez William
Published: June 2019

A inicios del siglo XXl, El Salvador continúa siendo un país efervescente, por doquier se liberan enormes cantidades de energía.Por un lado, las placas recrónicas, combinadas con fallas locales y cadenas volcánicas, la bipolaridad climática y la ubicación del territorio dentro de la Cuenca del Caribe; y por otro, la alta densidad demográfica e importantes diferencias políticas y sociales insuficientemente discutidas o no resueltas contribuyen a configurar un país que nunca está tranquilo.Contrario a lo señalado El Informe del Estado de la Nación de Costa Rica de 1999, parece reflejar que, en el vecino país, "la procesión va para adentro"; en el nuestro, hay varias manifestaciones todavía marchando por las principales avenidas. La buena noticia es que existe combustible de sobra para realizar las transformaciones que puedan ampliar de manera sustancial las oportunidades de toda nuestra gente.Sin embargo, como normalmente ocurre con todo lo que abunda, hemos realizado pocos esfuerzos por valorizar esa fuente de riqueza y, más bien, hemos tendido a desperdiciarla.
Filmando la realidad nacional
Authors: Rodríguez Loucel Rafael
Published: June 2019

Si pudiéramos graficar o tomar una fotografía hoy de la realidad socio económica y política del país, revelaríamos una sociedad atravesando por una crisis integral provocada por factores endógenos y exógenos. Las causas internas son de diversa índole y acumulativas.Se inician con los orígenes mismos de la estrechez territorial, la inadecuada educación, la desnutrición y la alta densidad demográfica; pero a estos factores naturales se agregan los adquiridos y que, con el tiempo, por ser casi ancestrales, se les ha identificado como de orden estructural.La falta de un derrotero por una carencia de planificación nos conviene en una sociedad reactiva en un actuar de "veamos qué es lo que surge, dejar hacer - dejar pasar" y de "se hace camino al andar", que conforma toda una "cultura de inercia" preocupante.
Exclusión social en El Salvador
Authors: Molina Norma
Published: June 2019

En Europa la exclusión social es definida, como la incapacidad para participar en la vida económica, cultural y política.Para la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) es un fenómeno multidimensional que involucra tres ámbitos: a) económico, es cuando el individuo no tiene acceso al mercado y servicios sociales, y está privado de lo material que requieren sus necesidades básicas, b) político e institucional, cuando el individuo carece de los derechos civiles y políticos que garanticen su participación ciudadana; y, c) socio-cultural, cuando el individuo desconoce las identidades y particularidades de género, etnia, religión o las preferencias de individuos o grupos sociales.
Exclusión económica
Authors: Aguillón Godofredo
Published: June 2019

El fenómeno de la exclusión es un problema multidimensional en el que convergen diversas causas. Está alejado de mono-causalidades por ser un problema tan complejo como indignante para quienes la padecen en sus diversas formas.Según como se hayan organizado las estructuras dominantes en diferentes épocas (económicas, sociales. políticas y culturales) en la sociedad, así será el grado de exclusión que padezca buena parte de la población.El telón de fondo que cae como mancha de aceite en la sociedad es signado por el subdesarrollo de la sociedad y por el plus de la dependencia de la economía de las relaciones externas.De esta dualidad deviene el germen que perpetua la exclusión, combinado con las formas de ejercicio del poder en la sociedad y la economía.
La familia salvadoreña víctima de exclusión
Authors: Gutiérrez Quintanilla José Ricardo
Published: June 2019

Se han escrito miles de artículos y libros sobre la familia, la cual es abordada desde diferentes perspectivas, tales como: La Sociología, la Psicología Social, las Ciencias Económica, la Antropología y el Derecho, entren otras.Se debe entender el concepto de exclusión familiar, como el resultado de la marginación o desadaptación de los miembros que la integran.En las sociedades subdesarrolladas o en desarrollo como la salvadoreña, se ha incrementado el fenómeno de la inadaptación o desadaptación social en una considerable proporción de las familias salvadoreñas, lo cual significa un problema real.
Tres cuenterestes
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo
Published: June 2019

De ahí no salíamos sino a la medianoche, cuando a veces el cielo estaba poblado de estrellas dispersas en su azul profundo y limpio, o igual cuando semejaba una negra y densa capa presagiando tormenta o desatándola ya, lo cual nos obligaba a bañarnos impertinentemente mientras cubríamos el camino a nuestras casas.Como era alto, destacaba, y como era conocido por su brillante erudición, siempre le respetaban. Al momento de llegar, ya había despachado el primer par de tragos, y no dejaba de mascar los trocitos de caña o de pasar el amargor del salado jocote de azucarón que nos servían para acompañar las bebidas. Era siempre él, pues, primo ocupandi.
¿Cómo pondera el beneficio-costo de un TLC con USA?
Authors: Utec Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador
Published: June 2019

Los tratados de libre comercio son las reglas del juego que indican como se regulará el comercio, que, por cierto, no son tan libres, porque son regulaciones que traen perdedores y ganadores.El interés de un país debe ser el que haya más ganadores que perdedores. Los problemas de las ventajas y desventajas del tratado tienen que ver con la calidad de ese tratado.Hasta ahora, hemos podido analizar que en el sector agropecuario se tendrán importantes sectores perdedores, sobre todo, en el rubro agroalimentario, que son básicamente los sectores campesinos.Posiblemente los productores de queso para exportación se beneficien. El balance es complejo, como FUNDE lo hemos analizado y tal como se ha negociado, generará bastantes perdedores en ese sector. Por eso, bajo esas condiciones, no debería ser ratificado.
Reseña sobre la historia de la economía de la provincia de El Salvador desde el siglo XVI hasta nuestros días
Authors: Barraza Ibarra Jorge
Published: June 2019

El segundo tomo del trabajo sobre la Historia de la economía de la provincia del Salvador desde el siglo XVI hasta nuestros días, está dedicado a los siglos Vll y XVlll.En este período de aproximadamente doscientos años, superados los problemas y necesidades del proceso de conquista, se establecen y desarrollan las estructuras, elementos y características del complejo sistema colonial, que definirían las actividades económicas, el entramado social y las costumbres de los pueblos centroamericanos, integrados en el Reino de Guatemala.La fiebre de encontrar y explorar el oro, muy escaso en nuestras tierras, había cedido terreno frente a la realidad. Los españoles se vieron obligados a reconocer la vocación agrícola de las tierras de la región, y, por lo tanto, la única forma de enriquecerse consistía en la exploración de la exuberancia de la tierra, así como de una abundante riqueza humana, en las manos de los indios que la cultivaban.
n. 16 - O GRÊMIO ESTUDANTIL E A GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE MESSIAS-ALAGOAS
Authors: Silva Alex Vieira da , Santos Vinícius André da Silva
Published: June 2019

O objetivo do texto é apresentar a concepção de gestores escolares e integrantes do grêmio estudantil sobre a sua importância e os trabalhos desenvolvidos na Escola Estadual Judith Nascimento da Silva, no município de Messias, estado de Alagoas. A metodologia utilizada pautou-se na abordagem qualitativa de cunho exploratória, sendo o estudo de caso o método de pesquisa. Utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada e participaram do processo o gestor, o vice-gestor e 3 integrantes que compõem o grêmio estudantil. Os resultados apontaram que a escola está em consonância com os dispositivos legais, uma vez que o grêmio estudantil atua de forma articulada com a direção da escola na tentativa da construção de uma gestão democrática e participativa. Porém, apresenta alguns limites e desafios na sua implementação, como: a) cativar o aluno para a prática da participação ativa; b) a corresponsabilidade nas atividades; e c) trabalhar a conscientização dos direitos e deveres dos estudantes, pois cada um é corresponsável pela organização da instituição educativa.
n. 18 - FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO PLANO NACIONAL E ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES NECESSÁRIAS
Authors: Vassoler Márcia Cecília
Published: June 2019

A formação de professores, no Brasil, têm sido um dos principais temas de discussão no âmbito educacional, sendo esta temática vista como um dos desafios a serem superados, pois a formação torna-se um elemento fundante de uma educação de qualidade. Frente a importância da formação de professores, destaca-se o Plano Nacional de Educação - PNE, Lei Nº 13.005/2014, o qual apresenta diretrizes, metas e estratégias que abrangem todos os níveis, etapas e modalidades da educação nacional. Estas, tornam-se um instrumento balizador do sistema educacional, sinalizando a possibilidade de qualidade na educação. A partir do sinalizado o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as metas do PNE (2014-2024), a qual trata da formação de professores. Alinhado à este movimento apresenta-se levantamento prévio de como se encontra a materialização da meta 15 no estado de Santa Catarina. De abordagem qualitativa, foi utilizada a análise documental, tendo como corpus de análise o Plano Nacional de Educação- PNE (2014-2024), o Plano Estadual de Educação de Santa Catarina (2015-2024), os quais foram relacionados com trabalhos desenvolvidos por Freitas (2014); Saviani (2011), dentre outros. Por meio das reflexões realizadas compreende-se que a inconsistência entre os planos educacionais e o que realmente ocorre na prática põem-se em cheque o cumprimento das Metas do  Plano Nacional de Educação(2014-2024), no que tange a formação docente, emergindo os velhos e conhecidos problemas do cumprimento das políticas públicas educacionais.
Alfabetización en salud a través de las competencias
Authors: Gavidia Catalán Valentín , Garzón Fernández Anabella , Talavera Ortega Marta , Sendra Mocholí Cristina , Mayoral García-Berlanga Olga
Published: June 2019

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta para la alfabetización en salud a través de la concreción y definición de las competencias que debe adquirir el alumnado durante la Educación Obligatoria. Mediante un estudio Delphi, se han determinado ocho ámbitos de salud, identificando los problemas o situaciones de salud que debe saber resolver el alumnado, así como las competencias que desarrollar y los contenidos de aprendizaje necesarios para afrontar cada uno de estos problemas. Estos contenidos de aprendizaje constituyen el instrumento de análisis con el que se ha revisado el currículo para comprobar en qué medida están presentes en las propuestas oficiales. Los estudios realizados referentes a la salud mental y emocional nos muestran que este currículo presenta algunas deficiencias de estos contenidos que dificultan el desarrollo de las competencias, lo que repercute negativamente en la alfabetización en salud.
Distintas acepciones para la idea de modelización en la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Oliva José María
Published: June 2019

Modelo y modelización son términos empleados habitualmente en la literatura de didáctica de las ciencias con distintas acepciones. En este artículo se identifican y analizan al menos cinco acepciones diferentes para el término modelización: 1) la modelización como progresión de modelos; 2) la modelización como práctica científica; 3) la modelización como competencia; 4) la modelización en su dimensión instrumental, y 5) la modelización como estrategia de enseñanza. A partir de este análisis se sugiere la necesidad de conectar las distintas perspectivas, con el objeto de unificar la terminología usada y desarrollar propuestas didácticas integradoras que sean de utilidad para la investigación y para las prácticas de aula en la enseñanza de las ciencias.
Middle Kingdom tombs of Asasif – archaeological fieldwork in 2017
Authors: Chudzik Patryk
Published: June 2019

The recent works in the 2017 season at the North Asasif Necropolis have led to the discovery of Middle Kingdom burial assemblages, as well as funerary equipment dated to the Third Intermediate Period. Besides the cleaning work conducted in the funerary complex of Meru revealed more materials from the Late Roman Era, which proves the existence of the coptic hermitage inside the tomb. This new archaeological evidence provides an important insight into the development of the North Asasif Necropolis during the Pharaonic era and in later periods. The fourth season of the archaeological fieldwork at the site focused
on seven Middle Kingdom funerary complexes: tomb of Khety (TT
311), MMA 509, MMA 511, MMA 512, MMA 514, MMA 515 and
tomb of Meru (TT 240).
AMMONIA EMISSION FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN POLAND ON A REGIONAL SCALE
Authors: Jarosz Zuzanna , Faber Antoni
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to present ammonia emissions from animal production on a regional scale in 2016. Emission estimates in particular regions were based on methodology developed by EEA in 2016 and applied in Poland by The National Centre for Emissions Management (NCEM). The conducted analyses were based on the size of livestock population, farming system and emission factors at every stage of manure management. The analysis showed substantial spatial differentiation of ammonia emissions from animal production. Voivodships that accounted for the biggest share in emissions from cattle farming were as follows: Mazowieckie, Podlaskie and Wielkopolskie. Estimated emissions in these voivodships amounted to: 47.4, 32.8 and 21.7 Gg NH3, respectively. The highest levels of ammonia emissions from pig production were identified in the region of Wielkopolska. Ammonia emissions in this voivodship amounted to 16.2 Gg NH3. The Wielkopolska region is also distinguished by the highest ammonia emissions from poultry production. The emissions equaled 11.4 Gg NH3 and accounted for 24.1% of total emissions in this region. The realization of reduction commitments for ammonia imposed by the NEC Directive depends on the introduction of a set of changes in livestock production: regarding the housing method, animal nutrition, fertilizer storage and application as well as dissemination of good agricultural practices aiming at ammonia emission reduction.
ENERGY COSTS IN DAIRY FARMS – ASSESSMENT IN THE YEARS 2005-2016
Authors: Parzonko Andrzej , Hornowski Andrzej , Kotyza Pavel
Published: June 2019

The main aims of the article are: 1) defining the changes of energy costs in farms focused on milk production and further divided according to their economic size in Poland and other selected EU countries between 2005 and 2016; 2) analysis of electricity and fuel (diesel) costs in Polish dairy farms between 2005 and 2016; 3) characterisation and evaluation of the current Polish subsidy system for fuel used for agricultural production purposes. The subject of research was dairy farms from selected EU countries participating in the FADN system. The implementation of the third objective boiled down to a critical analysis of the amendment to the Act introduced in Poland: “On the refund of excise duty included in the price of diesel used for agricultural production”. The research shows that in farms focused on cattle breeding and milk production in seven analysed EU countries, the average share of “energy” costs in the structure of total costs fluctuated (in 2005, 2010, 2016) from 2.72% in the largest Danish farms in 2016 to 13.08% in the smallest Polish farms in 2005. Regardless of the country, an increase in the economic size of farms focused on milk production, resulted in energy cost savings in relation to 100 kg of milk produced. The analysis of legal solutions implemented in Poland shows that dairy farms are able to potentially obtain higher subsidies for diesel oil used for agricultural production. This is very debatable from an economic point of view. INTRODUC
Finger and stylus discrimination scheme based on capacitive touch screen panel and support vector machine classifier
Authors: Seol Ki-Hyuk , Park Seungjun , Song Seok-Jeong , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: June 2019

This paper demonstrates a support vector machine (SVM) based capacitive touch screen scheme that can discriminate stylus and finger at the same time. The tip of a stylus provides pulses at the higher frequency than the transmitting (Tx) pulse of a touch screen. Then the digital value acquired from an analog-to-digital converter is transferred to an SVM classifier to make the decision of which touch is applied among no-touch, finger-touch, and stylus-touch. Three types of touches are processed on the SVM algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated by means of an 8 inch capacitive touch panel, connector board, Tx/Rx driver board, and host processor board. While Tx pulses are applied at 5 V and 32 kHz that lead to the 200 Hz reporting rate, stylus pulses are produced at 3 V and 315 kHz. The resultant bit error rate is measured as less than 10−6 for all types of touches.
Large-scale gene expression analysis reveals robust gene signatures for prognosis prediction in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Songyang Yiyan , Zhu Wei , Liu Cong , Li Lin-lin , Hu Wei , Zhou Qun , Zhang Han , Li Wen , Li Dejia
Published: June 2019

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. High mortality in LUAD motivates us to stratify the patients into high- and low-risk groups, which is beneficial for the clinicians to design a personalized therapeutic regimen. To robustly predict the risk, we identified a set of robust prognostic gene signatures and critical pathways based on ten gene expression datasets by the meta-analysis-based Cox regression model, 25 of which were selected as predictors of multivariable Cox regression model by MMPC algorithm. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified the Aurora-A pathway, the Aurora-B pathway, and the FOXM1 transcription factor network as prognostic pathways in LUAD. Moreover, the three prognostic pathways were also the biological processes of G2-M transition, suggesting that hyperactive G2-M transition in cell cycle was an indicator of poor prognosis in LUAD. The validation in the independent datasets suggested that overall survival differences were observed not only in all LUAD patients, but also in those with a specific TNM stage, gender, and age group. The comprehensive analysis demonstrated that prognostic signatures and the prognostic model by the large-scale gene expression analysis were more robust than models built by single data based gene signatures in LUAD overall survival prediction.
Review on Pharmacological Profile of Medicinal Vine: Tinospora cordifolia
Authors: Antul Kumar , Amandeep Paul , Gurwinder Singh , Anuj Choudhary
Published: June 2019

Tinospora is highly distributed in the tropical and subtropical region of India. This climbing deciduous shrub widely reported in China, Bangladesh and Srilanka. The plant is rich in many phytoconstituents that are useful in drug designing. It is highly used against cancer, tumour suppression, and act as an anti-allergic compound. It is commonly known as gudhuchi, belongs to the family Menispermeaceae. Tinospora is most valuable herb known for its medicinal properties from Vedic periods and cures various diseases such as malaria, asthma and urinary disorders. The genus Tinospora consists of many classes of chemicals such as alkaloids, diterpenoids lactones, steroids, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides. It is the best remedy for both children as well as adults against respiratory tract diseases. The plant shows various antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-neoplastic and hepatoprotective properties. In this review article medicinal property, chemical constituents and full description have been explored.
Adult Work Ability Following Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis in Childhood
Authors: Mohanty Salini , Johansson Kostenniemi Urban , Silfverdal Sven Arne , Salomonsson Stina , Iovino Federico , Bencina Goran , Tsoumani Eleana , Bruze Gustaf
Published: December 2024

Importance

A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in childhood can lead to permanent neurological disabilities. Few studies have examined long-term consequences for work ability in adulthood.

Objective

To compare earnings, work loss, and educational attainment between adults diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood and population comparators.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide registry-based matched cohort study included individuals in Sweden diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood (aged <18 years) from January 1, 1987, to December 31, 2019, and general population comparators matched 1:9 on age, sex, and place of residence. Follow-up was completed December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from February 7 to September 12, 2023.

Exposure

A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in childhood recorded in the National Patient Register.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Annual taxable earnings (in 2020 US dollars), work loss (sum of sick leave and disability insurance), and educational attainment.

Results

The cohort included 2534 individuals diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 4.7 [5.3] years) and 22 806 comparators (13 510 [53.3%] male). Among those with childhood bacterial meningitis, 812 (32.0%) were diagnosed at younger than 1 year and 1351 (53.3%) were male. From 18 to 34 years of age, those with childhood meningitis had lower adjusted earnings relative to comparators and higher adjusted work loss. When pooling observations for individuals 28 years or older, the annual mean reduction in earnings was −$1295 (95% CI, −$2587 to −$4), representing a 4.0% (95% CI, 0%-8.0%) reduction relative to comparators, and the annual increase in work loss was 13.5 (95% CI, 8.6-18.5) days. There was a larger reduction in earnings for those with childhood meningitis relative to comparators with pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) vs meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) meningitis. For work loss, there was a difference among all 3 major causes of meningitis, with the largest increase for pneumococcal meningitis. Individuals diagnosed at a younger age (below the median) had lower earnings relative to comparators and higher work loss than individuals diagnosed at an older age (above the median). Fewer individuals with childhood meningitis relative to comparators had obtained a high school degree at age 30 years (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.56-0.81]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of adults diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood, findings suggest that work ability decreases relative to population comparators, with lower earnings and higher work loss, especially among adults diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis or diagnosed at a young age, with long-lasting costs for the individual patient and society at large.
Age at First Fracture and Later Fracture Risk in Older Adults Undergoing Osteoporosis Assessment
Authors: Ye Carrie , Morin Suzanne N. , Lix Lisa M. , McCloskey Eugene V. , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C. , Kanis John A. , Leslie William D.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Fragility fractures are often defined as those that occur after a certain age (eg, 40-50 years). Whether fractures occurring in early adulthood are equally associated with future fractures is unclear.

Objective

To examine whether the age at which a prior fracture occurred is associated with future fracture risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This observational, population-based cohort study included individuals from the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry with a first bone mineral density (BMD) measurement between January 1, 1996, and March 31, 2018, with and without prior fracture in adulthood. Data analysis was completed between April 1, and May 31, 2023.

Exposure

Individuals with fractures before their first dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were stratified by the age at first fracture (10-year intervals from 20-29 to ≥80 years of age).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incident fractures occurring after dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (index date) and before March 31, 2021, were identified using linked provincial administrative health data.

Results

The cohort included 88 696 individuals (80 066 [90.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 64.6 [11.0] years) with a mean (SD) femoral neck T score of −1.4 (1.0). A total of 21 105 individuals (23.8%) had sustained a prior fracture at a mean (SD) age of 57.7 (13.6) years (range, 20.0-102.4 years) at the time of first prior fracture. During a mean (SD) of 9.0 (5.5) years of follow-up, incident fractures occurred in 13 239 individuals (14.6%), including 12 425 osteoporotic fractures (14.0%), 9440 major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) (10.6%), and 3068 hip fractures (3.5%). The sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratios for all incident fractures, osteoporotic fractures, and MOFs, according to age at first fracture, were all significantly elevated, with point estimates ranging from 1.55 (95% CI, 1.28-1.88) to 4.07 (95% CI, 2.99-5.52). After adjusting for the additional covariates, the effect estimates were similar and remained significantly elevated, with point estimates ranging from fully adjusted hazard ratios of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.42-1.60) to 2.12 (95% CI, 1.67-2.71) across age categories. Sensitivity analyses examining age at last prior fracture and in those with multiple prior fractures showed similar results.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, fractures in adulthood were associated with future fractures regardless of the age at which they occurred. Thus, fractures in early adulthood should not be excluded when assessing an individual’s ongoing fracture risk.
Smartphone App–Based Contingency Management and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Marino Elise N. , Karns-Wright Tara , Perez Matthew C. , Potter Jennifer S.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Opioid use disorder continues to be a national crisis, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Medication is the only evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder; however, improving clinical outcomes may require augmenting it with psychosocial interventions, such as contingency management (CM), specifically, smartphone app–based CM.

Objective

To evaluate whether augmenting medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with app-based CM is associated with fewer days of opioid use at the end of treatment and greater retention than treatment with MOUD only.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data from November 1, 2020, to November 30, 2023, collected from opioid treatment programs and office-based opioid treatment programs across Texas. The cohort included individuals aged 18 years or older who were uninsured or underinsured and who chose to receive MOUD only or MOUD plus CM delivered via the WEconnect smartphone app. Participants who chose to receive app-based CM received monetary incentives upon achieving their self-chosen recovery goals.

Exposure

Opioid use disorder.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary analyses examined differences in treatment outcomes (self-reported days of opioid use at the end of treatment and retention) between patients who chose MOUD only and those who chose MOUD plus app-based CM. Linear regression analysis was used to examine days of opioid use at the end of treatment, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to examine retention.

Results

The analytic sample comprised 600 individuals (mean [SD] age, 38.4 [8.6] years; 342 male [57.0%]), with 300 included in each treatment group. Those who chose to receive MOUD plus app-based CM reported significantly fewer days of opioid use at the end of treatment compared with those who chose to receive MOUD only (mean [SD] duration, 8.4 [12.9] vs 12.0 [13.5] days; β = −6.10; 95% CI, −8.09 to −4.10). Retention analysis showed that patients who chose to receive MOUD plus app-based CM were significantly more likely to stay in treatment longer compared with those who chose to receive MOUD only (mean [SD] duration, 290.2 [109.4] vs 236.1 [128.1] days; β = 51.91; 95% CI, 33.86 to 69.95).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that augmenting MOUD with app-based CM may provide clinical benefits for underserved patients. Expanding the availability of app-based CM may contribute to decreasing the societal, economic, and personal burden of opioid use.
Targeted Maternal Chagas Disease Screening Among Individuals Born in a Chagas-Endemic Country
Authors: Proaño Alvaro , Shah Neil C. , Gutierrez Guarnizo Sneider A. , Miranda-Schaeubinger Monica , Levy Michael Z. , Gilman Robert H. , Flannery Dustin D.
Published: December 2024

This cohort study examines the prevalence of Chagas disease among Hispanic pregnant women delivering in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.