bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced sensitivity of zero‐bias‐operated MXene chemiresistive sensor via lignin hybridization
Authors: Devara I Ketut Gary , Kwon Mi Ji , Cho Su‐Yeon , Kwon Dong‐Jun , Park Jun Hong
Published: May 2024

As global urbanization intensifies, there is an increasing need for highly sensitive and accurate environmental monitoring devices that can meet the demands of specific gas sensing applications with low power consumption. This study focuses on enhancing the sensitivity of MXene‐based chemiresistive sensors for detecting CO2(g) and NO2(g) under zero‐bias operation. This study shows that lignin hybridization effectively improves the sensitivity of a Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based chemiresistive sensor; under zero‐bias operation, lignin hybridization increases the sensitivity to 15 ppm NO2(g) and CO2(g) by 157.38% and 297.95%, respectively. When deposited on a flexible substrate, the MXene/lignin flexible sensor shows a similar response and sensitivity to 15 ppm NO2(g) and CO2(g) under 38° curvature compared to the planar sensor. Consequently, the MXene/lignin hybrid sensor is attractive for room temperature and zero‐bias NO2(g) and CO2(g) detection. The MXene/lignin flexible sensor serves as a model system for advanced solid‐state sensory platforms suitable for curved structures.

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Active Asset Management
Authors: Biondi Andrew , Roper Grace , Surtees Michael
Published: May 2024

Robust and real‐time asset management is crucial for distribution utilities to operate their infrastructure efficiently. The importance and challenge of asset management has also grown significantly in response to new regulatory requirements, growing customer expectations, and rapid technological advancements. While the importance of actively managing assets is understood within the utility industry, the application of “best practices” in asset management varies based on the asset's criticality to the business. Issues surrounding the management of system critical assets have significant implications for distribution system operations. The strategies and technologies used to maintain critical infrastructure, and an examination of how other industries like commercial real estate manage assets, can shed light on how utilities could improve their approach to managing both critical and non‐critical assets.
Methane Emissions, Nowhere to Hide from Detection and Compliance Monitoring with Newly Launched Satellite
Authors: South David W.
Published: May 2024

Climate change is often synonymous with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. But there is another greenhouse gas (GHG) that is also a contributor: methane (CH4), a short‐lived but extremely potent GHG. Methane emissions behave differently than CO2 emissions when emitted into the atmosphere. The warming effects of CH4 wear off quickly compared to CO2, which remains in the atmosphere for centuries. But what it lacks in retention time, it makes up for in potency: CH4 has approximately 80 times the warming impact of CO2 over a 20‐year period. That means it has a greater impact on near‐term (20‐year) temperature change. When CH4 escapes (or is released) into the atmosphere, it acts as a heavy blanket in the atmosphere, trapping the sun's heat and warming the world.
Evaluating rural health outcomes: A methodological approach using population‐level data
Authors: Av‐Gay Gal , Parajulee Anshu , Stoll Kathrin , Kornelsen Jude
Published: May 2024

Background

The sustainability of rural surgical and obstetrical facilities depends on their efficacy and quality of care, which are difficult to measure in a rural context. In an evaluation of rural practice, it is often the case that the only comparators are larger referral facilities, for which facility‐level comparisons are difficult due to differences in population demographics, acuity of patients, and services offered. This publication outlines these limitations and highlights a best‐practice approach to making facility‐level comparisons using population‐level data, risk stratification, tests of noninferiority, and Firth logistic regression analysis. This includes an investigation of minimum sample‐size requirements through Monte Carlo power analysis in the context of low‐acuity rural surgical care.

Methods

Monte Carlo power analysis was used to estimate the minimum sample size required to achieve a power of 0.8 for both logistic regression and Firth logistic regression models that compare the proportion of surgical adverse events against facility type, among other confounders. We provide guidelines for the implementation of a recommended methodology that uses risk stratification, Firth penalized logistic regression, and tests of noninferiority.

Results

We illustrate limitations in facility‐level comparison of surgical quality among patients undergoing one of four index procedures including hernia repair, colonoscopy, appendectomy, and cesarean delivery. We identified minimum sample sizes for comparison of each index procedure that fluctuate depending on the level of risk stratification used.

Conclusion

The availability of administrative data can provide an adequate sample size to allow for facility‐level comparisons in surgical quality, at the rural level and elsewhere. When they are made appropriately, these comparisons can be used to evaluate the efficacy of general practitioners and nurse practitioners in performing low‐acuity procedures.
Self‐reported urinary tract infection and bacterial vaginosis symptoms among indigenous adolescents during seasonal periods of water scarcity: A cross‐sectional study in Bandarban Hill District of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Plabon , Rifat M. A. , Talukdar Imdadul Haque , Saha Nobonita , Neufeld Nicole S. Rodriguez , Miah Md. Ibrahim , Saha Sanjib
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Water scarcity and poor water quality could lead to suboptimum menstrual hygiene practices, and subsequently urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). In this study, we estimate the prevalence of self‐reported UTI and BV among indigenous adolescent girls during the water scarcity period in the Bandarban Hill Districts in south‐eastern Bangladesh.

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional design, a total of 242 indigenous adolescent girls were selected and interviewed during the seasonal water scarcity period (from February to May 2022) in Bandarban. The difference in prevalence of any self‐reported UTI or BV symptoms by respondents' characteristics was assessed by χ2 test. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to observe the associated factors.

Results

The prevalence of self‐reported UTI, BV, and any symptoms of UTI or BV among the respondents were 35.54%, 28.93%, and 43.80%, respectively. Ethnicity, studentship status, source of water used for menstrual hygiene, and perceived water quality were significantly associated with the prevalence of any self‐reported UTI or BV symptoms.

Conclusion

Findings recommend further research to cross‐check the validity of self‐reported prevalence and investigate if the episodes of UTI or BV could be attributable to water scarcity and poor water quality in study areas during dry period.
Viscous correction to the potential flow analysis of Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a Rivlin–Ericksen viscoelastic fluid layer with heat and mass transfer
Authors: Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Shukla Atul Kumar , Kumar Ashwani , Yadav Dhananjay , Dutt Nitesh
Published: May 2024

The current investigation focuses on examining viscous corrections for viscous potential flow (VCVPF) analysis concerning the Rayleigh–Taylor instability occurring at the interface of a Rivlin–Ericksen (R–E) viscoelastic fluid and a viscous fluid during the transfer of heat and mass between phases. The R–E model is a fundamental framework in the study of viscoelastic fluids, providing insights into their complex rheological behavior. It characterizes the material's response to both deformation and flow, offering valuable predictions for various industrial and biological applications. Within the framework of viscous potential flow (VPF) theory, viscosity is exclusively accounted for in the normal stress balance equation, disregarding the influence of shearing stress entirely. This study introduces a viscous pressure term into the normal stress balance equation alongside the irrotational pressure, presuming that this addition will improve the discontinuity of tangential stresses at the fluid interface. Through derivation of a dispersion relationship and subsequent theoretical and numerical stability analyses, the stability of the interface is investigated across various physical parameters. Multiple plots are generated using the dispersion relation, and a comparative analysis between VPF and VCVPF is conducted to establish improved stability criteria. The investigation highlights that the combined impact of heat/mass transport and shearing stress serves to delay the instability of the interface.
Assessing the influence of El Niño on the California precipitation regime during the satellite precipitation era
Authors: Chavda Digant , Li Jingjing , Farahmand Alireza
Published: May 2024

A strong El Niño condition is likely to bring heavy precipitation over California. However, the 2015/2016 El‐Niño generally considered similar and comparable to another extreme event—the 1997/1998 El Niño—failed to bring above‐average precipitation over California. The muted influence of the 2015–2016 El‐Niño on California rainfall has renewed interest in the relationship between El Niño and California precipitation variability. This study assesses seasonal and regional aspects of the precipitation regimes in California for the past two decades using primarily satellite‐based precipitation products. Two satellite‐based precipitation datasets—Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR)—along with the ground‐based measurement—Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset as a reference—are analysed to understand the seasonal and regional influence of El‐Niño on precipitation regimes during the 2001–2019 period using Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI). The results show that El Niño's impact on precipitation rate varies in different seasons and regions. Specifically, we observe a statistically significant strong negative correlation (−0.72 to −0.66) between MEI and precipitation rate over southern California during the El Niño months. Both satellite precipitation products and ground‐based precipitation measurements indicate a similar El Niño–precipitation relationship over California during the study period. These results contradict the pre 2000 ‘classic’ story that El Niño was positively correlated with higher California precipitation.
Intertumoral Heterogeneity Based on MRI Radiomic Features Estimates Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dong Mengshi , Li Chao , Zhang Lina , Zhou Jinhui , Xiao Yuanqiang , Zhang Tianhui , Jin Xin , Fang Zebin , Zhang Linqi , Han Yu , Guan Jiexia , Weng Zijin , Cheng Na , Wang Jin
Published: May 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity impacts prognosis, and imaging is a potential indicator.

Purpose

To characterize HCC image subtypes in MRI and correlate subtypes with recurrence.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 440 patients (training cohort = 213, internal test cohort = 140, external test cohort = 87) from three centers.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5‐T/3.0‐T, fast/turbo spin‐echo T2‐weighted, spin‐echo echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted, contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional gradient‐recalled‐echo T1‐weighted with extracellular agents (Gd‐DTPA, Gd‐DTPA‐BMA, and Gd‐BOPTA).

Assessment

Three‐dimensional volume‐of‐interest of HCC was contoured on portal venous phase, then coregistered with precontrast and late arterial phases. Subtypes were identified using non‐negative matrix factorization by analyzing radiomics features from volume‐of‐interests, and correlated with recurrence. Clinical (demographic and laboratory data), pathological, and radiologic features were compared across subtypes. Among clinical, radiologic features and subtypes, variables with variance inflation factor above 10 were excluded. Variables (P < 0.10) in univariate Cox regression were included in stepwise multivariate analysis. Three recurrence estimation models were built: clinical‐radiologic model, subtype model, hybrid model integrating clinical‐radiologic characteristics, and subtypes.

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank test, concordance index (C‐index). Significance level: P < 0.05.

Results

Two subtypes were identified across three cohorts (subtype 1:subtype 2 of 86:127, 60:80, and 36:51, respectively). Subtype 1 showed higher microvascular invasion (MVI)‐positive rates (53%–57% vs. 26%–31%), and worse recurrence‐free survival. Hazard ratio (HR) for the subtype is 6.10 in subtype model. Clinical‐radiologic model included alpha‐fetoprotein (HR: 3.01), macrovascular invasion (HR: 2.32), nonsmooth tumor margin (HR: 1.81), rim enhancement (HR: 3.13), and intratumoral artery (HR: 2.21). Hybrid model included alpha‐fetoprotein (HR: 2.70), nonsmooth tumor margin (HR: 1.51), rim enhancement (HR: 3.25), and subtypes (HR: 5.34). Subtype model was comparable to clinical‐radiologic model (C‐index: 0.71–0.73 vs. 0.71–0.73), but hybrid model outperformed both (C‐index: 0.77–0.79).

Conclusion

MRI radiomics‐based clustering identified two HCC subtypes with distinct MVI status and recurrence‐free survival. Hybrid model showed superior capability to estimate recurrence.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Realization of Dynamic Local Refresh on Liquid Crystal Display with Novel Partial Scan Gate Driver on Array
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Dongchuan , Shao Xibin , Liu Dong , Miao Yingmeng , Ma Wenpeng , Zhang Yinlong , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Wang Zhangtao , Qu Yingying
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a novel partial scan Gate Driver on Array (GOA) architecture with gate and cascade scan separated output (GCSS‐GOA) is proposed. Combined with a newly designed timing controller (TCON) IC and IP, dynamic local refresh at any position and with different refresh rate at different area on liquid crystal display (LCD) panel are achieved. The driving schemes for dynamic local refresh and the display image quality evaluation results are also presented. For power consumption, it can be reduced by up to 50% respectively for GOA and data drivers in dynamic local refresh mode under 60 Hz benchmark refresh rate. This technology is also applicable to OLED, LED, e‐paper and other display products.
High‐luminance, large‐size 4K OLED microdisplays for VR/MR applications
Authors: Jo Jang , Joung Seung‐Ryong , Baik Seung Min , Lee Cheolhwan , Kim Ho‐Jin , Kwak Bong‐Choon , Lee Jung Il , Yang Joon‐Young , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: May 2024

This work introduces LG Display's (LGD's) 1.3″ 4K full‐color organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) microdisplay panels with a peak brightness of more than 10,000 nits, which have been newly developed for high‐quality virtual reality/mixed reality (VR/MR) head‐mounted displays. To achieve these advanced high‐luminance OLED microdisplay panels, we have developed a well‐controlled optical microcavity and outcoupling method, along with optimized multi‐stack white OLED devices and CF‐on‐encapsulation technologies tailored to the high pixel density of the panels.
Immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells: Implication for therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Liao Hsiu‐Jung , Hsu Ping‐Ning
Published: May 2024

Autoimmune disease is characterized by the proliferation of harmful immune cells, inducing tissue inflammation and ultimately causing organ damage. Current treatments often lack specificity, necessitating high doses, prolonged usage, and high recurrence rates. Therefore, the identification of innovative and safe therapeutic strategies is urgently required. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases have evidenced the immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from MSCs can mitigate abnormal autoinflammation while maintaining safety within the diseased microenvironment. This study conducted a systematic review to elucidate the crucial role of MSC‐EVs in alleviating autoimmune diseases, particularly focusing on their impact on the underlying mechanisms of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). By specifically examining the regulatory functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from MSC‐EVs, the comprehensive study aimed to enhance the understanding related to disease mechanisms and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for these diseases.
High‐Performance QDs Enable MicroLED Disruption of Displays
Authors: Wiemer Mike , Balram Nikhil , Martin Paul S. , Lee Grace
Published: May 2024

MicroLEDs will transform the display industry in both sparse displays and microdisplays.
Axial crushing behavior of CoFeSiB amorphous alloy fiber/epoxy composites under compression condition
Authors: Liang Weizhong , Wei Ransong , Liu Yingyi , Shao Qi , Xu Jiawen
Published: May 2024

In this article, the axial crushing behavior of CoFeSiB amorphous alloy fiber reinforced epoxy composites (AAFRCs) with different fiber volume fractions (30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%), fiber orientations (0°, 15°, and 30°), and fiber shapes (straight and sinusoidal) were investigated under compression condition. The results show that energy absorption (EA) and crush force efficiency (CFE) of the composites show a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase of fiber volume fractions. The appropriate increase in fiber orientation can improve the EA and the CFE of the composites. The EA of reinforced composites with sinusoidal fiber is 66% higher than that of the ones with straight fiber. Three damage modes were identified by combining the damage process images corresponding to the compressive load–displacement curves and the morphologies of the crushed composites. The EA mechanism of the new composites was analyzed by observing the damage process of the AAFRCs.

Highlights

A novel CoFeSiB amorphous alloy fiber reinforced epoxy composites.

The increase in fiber orientation improves the energy absorption and the crush force efficiency of the composites.

The energy absorption of reinforced composites with sinusoidal fiber is higher than that of the composites with straight fiber.

Three damage modes were identified: compression damage, axial bending and transverse shear.
Artificial ground reflector size and position effects on energy yield and economics of single‐axis‐tracked bifacial photovoltaics
Authors: Lewis Mandy R. , Ovaitt Silvana , McDanold Byron , Deline Chris , Hinzer Karin
Published: May 2024

Artificial ground reflectors improve bifacial energy yield by increasing both front and rear‐incident irradiance. Studies have demonstrated an increase in energy yield due to the addition of artificial reflectors; however, they have not addressed the effect of varying reflector dimensions and placement on system performance and the impact of these parameters on the reflectors' financial viability. We studied the effect of high albedo (70% reflective) artificial reflectors on single‐axis‐tracked bifacial photovoltaic systems through ray‐trace modeling and field measurements. In the field, we tested a range of reflector configurations by varying reflector size and placement and demonstrated that reflectors increased daily energy yield up to 6.2% relative to natural albedo for PERC modules. To confirm the accuracy of our model, we compared modeled and measured power and found a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.4% on an hourly basis. We modeled a typical meteorological year in Golden, Colorado, to demonstrate the effects of artificial reflectors under a wide range of operating conditions. Seventy percent reflective material can increase total incident irradiance by 1.9%–8.6% and total energy yield by 0.9%–4.5% annually after clipping is considered with a DC–AC ratio of 1.2. Clipping has a significant effect on reflector impact and must be included when assessing reflector viability because it reduces reflector energy gain. We calculated a maximum viable cost for these improvements of up to $2.50–4.60/m2, including both material and installation, in Golden. We expanded our analysis to cover a latitude range of 32–48°N and demonstrated that higher‐latitude installations with lower energy yield and higher diffuse irradiance content can support higher reflector costs. In both modeling and field tests, and for all locations, the ideal placement of the reflectors was found to be directly underneath the module due to the optimized rear irradiance increase.
Codevelopment of a model of care for adults living with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Authors: Kumar Shanal , Pallin Michael , Soldatos Georgia
Published: May 2024

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes affects up to half of all adults with CF and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Our aim is to codevelop an ideal model of care that integrates diabetes technology and better meets the needs of adults living with the condition to improve attendance, engagement, service satisfaction, and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Using qualitative research methods, we evaluated disease perceptions, barriers, and enablers to optimal CF‐related diabetes management and service delivery. Integration of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was also explored. An initial broad purposive consumer survey was followed by focus groups with end‐users. Grounded theory approach was utilized with major problem areas identified then explored, coded, and grouped into requisites for an “ideal model of care” for adults living with CF‐related diabetes.

Results

Two key themes emerged (i) an ideal model of care consisted of a dual‐specialty service co‐led by endocrinology and CF physicians and supported by diabetes educator and CF dietitian with a goal to provide consistent and personalized diabetes management and (ii) CGM was acceptable for use in adults with CF‐related diabetes with many perceived benefits and should be integrated into the model of care. Barriers to optimizing glycemic control included diet, finger‐prick testing, reduced access to CGM, and pulmonary exacerbations. End‐user feedback on CGM was overwhelmingly positive with regard to operability. CGM was also identified as a tool that could be used to engage, educate, and empower adults living with CF‐related diabetes and facilitate constructive and personalized clinical decision‐making by healthcare providers.

Conclusion

For adults living with CF, a diagnosis of diabetes is associated with increased treatment burden. Our findings suggest an “ideal model of care” for CF‐related diabetes would be co‐led by endocrinology services integrated within a pre‐existing CF service, incorporating CGM.
Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate for Food Packaging. A Focus on the Impact in Functional and Physic‐Mechanical Properties and on Migration Thereof
Authors: Mendes Ana Rita , Teixeira Paula , Poças Fátima
Published: May 2024

Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) are among the most studied when it comes to address biodegradability and antimicrobial properties of materials for food packaging. This work presents a critical review of recent scientific literature with a focus on the impact in functional, physic‐mechanical properties, compostability and on safety. The properties of the nanoparticles, such as morphology and size reported are reviewed together with the range of concentrations and methods of incorporation in the PBAT matrix. The effect on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, thermostability, tensile and optical properties, as well as on mass transfer properties (barrier to moisture and gases and migration into foods) is discussed. The properties of PBAT/ZnO depend on particle size, shape and concentration of the ZnO NP. Particles with higher surface area and smallest size are reported to have the best performance (usually the spherical shaped). However, information on the morphology/size of the nanoparticle is often not provided. The typical concentration of NP incorporation ranges from 0.5 to 5%, but the interpretation of results regarding the effect of concentration is highly limited due to poor information on the statistical significance of the results, particularly for low concentrations of incorporation. Another limitation found regards the film production method, because most of the studies are based in films prepared by solvent‐casting and not by extrusion. Antimicrobial activity is directly linked with the concentration of ZnO NP. Most studies applied in vitro experiments and not tests in real foods (in situ). Zinc migration can occur as the whole nanoparticle or in the ionic form. Studies indicate that migration of ZnO in the nano form is not expected if the nanoparticle is completely embedded in a polymeric matrix, which can be confirmed by some well‐established techniques. However, studies focusing on migration from other matrices are lacking. Further investigations are needed to achieve a balanced incorporation of ZnO NP considering the particle activity and zinc migration and to evaluate the impact on safety when used in food packaging.
Featured Cover
Authors: Rood Stewart B. , Hoffman Gregory C. , Merz Norm , Anders Paul , Benjankar Rohan , Burke Michael , Egger Gregory , Polzin Mary Louise , Soults Scott
Published: May 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Collateral benefits: River flow normalization for endangered fish enabled riparian rejuvenation by Stewart B. Rood et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4255.

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Synergistic Effects of Matrix Biophysical Properties on Gastric Cancer Cell Behavior via Integrin‐Mediated Cell‐ECM Interactions
Authors: Xiao Cailan , Xie Ning , Shu Qiuai , Liang Xiru , Wang Ziwei , Wu Jian , Shi Nianyuan , Huang Xindi , Wei Zhong‐Cao , Gao Xiaoliang , Liu Hao , Wu Kaichun , Xu Jingyuan , Wang Jin‐Hai , Liu Na , Xu Feng
Published: May 2024

The biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a pivotal role in modulating cancer progression via cell‐ECM interactions. However, the biophysical properties specific to gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unexplored. Pertinently, GC ECM shows significantly heterogeneous metamorphoses, such as matrix stiffening and intricate restructuring. By combining collagen I and alginate, this study designs an in vitro biomimetic hydrogel platform to independently modulate matrix stiffness and structure across a physiological stiffness spectrum while preserving consistent collagen concentration and fiber topography. With this platform, this study assesses the impacts of matrix biophysical properties on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and other pivotal dynamics of AGS. The findings spotlight a compelling interplay between matrix stiffness and structure, influencing both cellular responses and ECM remodeling. Furthermore, this investigation into the integrin/actin‐collagen interplay reinforces the central role of integrins in mediating cell‐ECM interactions, reciprocally sculpting cell conduct, and ECM adaptation. Collectively, this study reveals a previously unidentified role of ECM biophysical properties in GC malignant potential and provides insight into the bidirectional mechanical cell‐ECM interactions, which may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic horizons.
Isomerization Engineering of Oxygen‐Enriched Carbon Quantum Dots for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Xie Leping , Liang Caihong , Wu Yao , Wang Kang , Hou Weidong , Guo Huazhang , Wang Zeming , Lam Yeng Ming , Liu Zheng , Wang Liang
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has emerged as a kind of multi‐functional green oxidants with extensive industrial utility. Oxidized carbon materials exhibit promises as electrocatalysts in the two‐electron (2e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for H2O2 production. However, the precise identification and fabrication of active sites that selectively yield H2O2 present a serious challenge. Herein, a structural engineering strategy is employed to synthesize oxygen‐doped carbon quantum dots (o‐CQD) for the 2e− ORR. The surface electronic structure of the o‐CQDs is systematically modulated by varying isomerization precursors, thereby demonstrating excellent electrocatalyst performance. Notably, o‐CQD‐3 emerges as the most promising candidate, showcasing a remarkable H2O2 selectivity of 96.2% (n = 2.07) at 0.68 V versus RHE, coupled with a low Tafel diagram of 66.95 mV dec−1. In the flow cell configuration, o‐CQD‐3 achieves a H2O2 productivity of 338.7 mmol gcatalyst−1 h−1, maintaining consistent production stability over an impressive 120‐hour duration. Utilizing in situ technology and density functional theory calculations, it is unveil that edge sites of o‐CQD‐3 are facilely functionalized by C‐O‐C groups under alkaline ORR conditions. This isomerization engineering approach advances the forefront of sustainable catalysis and provides a profound insight into the carbon‐based catalyst design for environmental‐friendly chemical synthesis processes.
Regulating Cu Oxidation State for Electrocatalytic CO2 Conversion into CO with Near‐Unity Selectivity via Oxygen Spillover
Authors: Jia Yufei , Li Dekang , Liu Chang , Song Tao , Duan Lele , Li Fusheng , Li Fei , Ji Yongfei , Sun Licheng , Fan Ke
Published: May 2024

Cu‐based catalysts are the most intensively studied in the field of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), demonstrating the capacity to yield diverse C1 and C2+ products albeit with unsatisfactory selectivity. Manipulation of the oxidation state of Cu sites during CO2RR process proves advantageous in modulating the selectivity of productions, but poses a formidable challenge. Here, an oxygen spillover strategy is proposed to enhance the oxidation state of Cu during CO2RR by incorporating the oxygen donor Sb2O4. The Cu‐Sb bimetallic oxide catalyst attains a remarkable CO2‐to‐CO selectivity approaching unity, in stark contrast to the diverse product distribution observed with bare CuO. The exceptional Faradaic efficiency of CO can be maintained across a wide range of potential windows of ≈700 mV in 1 m KOH, and remains independent of the Cu/Sb ratio (ranging from 0.1:1 to 10:1). Correlative calculations and experimental results reveal that oxygen spillover from Sb2O4 to Cu sites maintains the relatively high valence state of Cu during CO2RR, which diminishes the binding strength of *CO, thereby achieving heightened selectivity in CO production. These findings propose the role of oxygen spillover in CO2RR over Cu‐based catalysts, and shed light on the rational design of highly selective CO2 reduction catalysts.
The effect of Certificate‐of‐Need laws on substance use disorder care for vulnerable populations
Authors: Plemmons Alicia , Deyo Darwyyn , Drain Sarah
Published: May 2024

Substance use disorders are a prevalent and growing problem across the United States, especially for households that rely on publicly funded healthcare insurance plans. State Certificate‐of‐Need (CON) laws for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities can worsen outcomes for these patients by restricting the supply of facilities and beds, leading to spillovers into the general hospital system. We present a choice theory for treatment facility patient admission and model the outcome as a function of the patient's insurance type. We then combine two datasets on state CON laws for SUD treatment facilities with Medicaid patient data from 2017 to 2020 to test the model using a three‐stage least squares design and provide some of the first evidence on Medicaid patient outcomes under CON laws for SUD treatment facilities. We find significant evidence that state CON laws for SUD treatment facilities are associated with higher rates of hospital bed utilization, increases in the number of infants born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, and higher rates of emergency department visits. Our findings are robust to several specification tests, including a model of conditional mixed method endogeneity and incorporating timing of the Affordable Care Act.
Adsorbate Engineering on ZnO for Ultraviolet Light Activation‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Chen Jianping , Zhou Xianmin , Liu Xinlu , Luo Qi , Feng Kai , Zhou Yinhua
Published: May 2024

Ultraviolet (UV) light is typically needed to activate inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices with zinc oxide (ZnO) as the electron transporting layer (ETL) for enhanced efficiency. Given that UV light may cause the degradation of active layers and interfaces, and considering the absence of UV light in typical indoor lighting, addressing the need of UV light activation for ZnO becomes paramount. Herein, the engineering of adsorbates on ZnO could solve this issue by increasing the annealing temperature and changing the recipe of ZnO. Increasing the content of O 1s at binding energy of 531 eV on ZnO in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy would be beneficial to alleviate the need of UV light activation. For the (ZnO)PEIE (zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAH) and polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) dissolved in 2‐methoxyethanol, PEIE used to provide amine in the precursor), annealing at 180 °C would eliminated S‐shape in the current density‐voltage (J–V) characteristics without UV light activation. OPV modules (9.8 cm2) with 180 °C‐annealed (ZnO)PEIE as ETL achieved an efficiency of 18.2% under indoor lighting and 14.8%  under 1 sun with the UV filter (light intensity of 0.788 sun). These high efficiencies are achieved in the modules without the need for UV light activation.
Security and privacy challenges, issues, and enhancing techniques for Internet of Medical Things: A systematic review
Authors: Wani Rizwan Uz Zaman , Thabit Fursan , Can Ozgu
Published: May 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly expanding network of interconnected things that use embedded sensors to gather and share data in real‐time. IoT technologies have given rise to many networking applications in our everyday life such as smart homes, smart cities, smart transport, and so forth. Smart healthcare is one such application that has been revolutionized by the IoT, introducing a new branch of IoT known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). IoMT encompasses an entire ecosystem consisting of smart wearable, implantable sensing equipment's or devices, transmitters that are critical for monitoring the patients remotely and continuing the real‐time and has opened the door to new innovative smart healthcare approaches while improving patient care outcomes. IoMT wearable and embedded sensing devices are commonly utilized in smart healthcare to capture medical data and transmit the medical data in a communication network stored in the cloud. The large volume of data generated and transmitted by these IoMT devices is rising at an exponential rate, resulting in an increase in security and privacy vulnerabilities of healthcare data. To ensure the Confidentiality and integrity of the IoMT devices and the sensitive medical data, there should be proper security and privacy measures such as access control, passwords, multifactor authentication, and encryption of data generated, transmitted, or processed in the IoMT framework. In this paper, we identified the internet of things and its applications in smart healthcare systems. Additionally, the paper focuses on the architecture of IoMT, and several challenges, including the IoMT security and privacy requirements, and attack taxonomy. Furthermore, the paper thoroughly investigates both cryptographic and non‐cryptographic based security and privacy‐enhancing techniques for IoMT or healthcare systems with particular emphasis on advancements in key areas such as Homomorphic Encryption, Differential Privacy, and Federated Learning.
Electric Vehicle Steering System Fuzzy Modeling and Controller Design
Authors: Han Hugang , Shigemaru Shinji , Shimizu Miyu
Published: May 2024

Electric vehicle (EV) steering control becomes much more important in many senses such as driving comfort and safety. Unlike the traditional internal combustion engine powered vehicles that possess only one control input related to the steering wheel, the so‐called direct yaw moment control is yet another control input in EVs thanks to the dispersedly located in‐wheel motors. In view of controller design crucially depending on a proper mathematical model, this paper first focuses on the modeling of EV steering system with uncertainty in the system considered for the latter robust controller design. Then a Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is obtained based on the EV's model, which is capable of varying vehicle velocity in a range. Finally, a robust controller with inputs constraint is designed based on the model, and the effectiveness is verified by computer simulations. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Evaluation of methods used to improve grasslands as ring‐necked pheasant brood habitat
Authors: Orth Mandy R. , Solem Alex , Runia Travis , Jensen Kent C.
Published: May 2024

Ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) demographic response is sensitive to chick survival and nest success. The establishment and management of grasslands within agricultural landscapes, often through cropland conversion programs (e.g., Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]), have positive impacts on survival and nest success. Newly established CRP and early successional habitat can provide vegetative structure selected by pheasant chicks. Ideal brood habitat provides an abundance of arthropods, an open understory promoting efficient chick movement, and a protective canopy cover. However, the natural succession of grasslands changes desired vegetative structure and challenges managers with providing adequate habitat for pheasant chicks. We investigated the efficacy of different methods of CRP management, including haying, burning, herbicide application, interseeding, and grazing, to provide adequate brood rearing habitat in cool‐ and warm‐season grasslands. We assessed chick body mass change using human‐imprinted ring‐necked pheasant chicks and investigated changes in vegetation composition and structure in relation to various habitat treatments in north‐central and north‐eastern South Dakota during mid‐June and mid‐July of 2013, 2014, and 2015. Generally, treatments that incorporated interseeding, herbicide application, or their combination had the greatest chick mass gain, reduced litter cover and depth, and increased bare ground and forb cover. Effective management for brood habitat may require more aggressive techniques than simple haying or prescribed fire techniques.
Dual roles of HK3 in regulating the network between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in neuroblastoma
Authors: Wu Xin , Mi Tao , Jin Liming , Ren Chunnian , Wang Jinkui , Zhang Zhaoxia , Liu Jiayan , Wang Zhaoyin , Guo Peng , He Dawei
Published: May 2024

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and deadliest extracranial solid tumor in children. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is a strategy for attenuating tumor-promoting states. The crosstalk between cancer cells and TAMs plays a pivotal role in mediating tumor progression in NB. The overexpression of Hexokinase-3 (HK3), a pivotal enzyme in glucose metabolism, has been associated with poor prognosis in NB patients. Furthermore, it correlates with the infiltration of M2-like macrophages within NB tumors, indicating its significant involvement in tumor progression. Therefore, HK3 not only directly regulates the malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, but also recruits and polarizes M2-like macrophages through the PI3K/AKT-CXCL14 axis in neuroblastoma. The secretion of lactate and histone lactylation alterations within tumor cells accompanies this interaction. Additionally, elevated expression of HK3 in M2-TAMs was found at the same time. Modulating HK3 within M2-TAMs alters the biological behavior of tumor cells, as demonstrated by our in vitro studies. This study highlights the pivotal role of HK3 in the progression of NB malignancy and its intricate regulatory network with M2-TAMs. It establishes HK3 as a promising dual-functional biomarker and therapeutic target in combating neuroblastoma.
External validation of predictive models for new vertebral fractures following percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Dai Xiangheng , Liao Weibin , Xu Fuzhou , Lu Weiqi , Xi Xinhua , Fang Xiang , Wu Qiang
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate the external validation and scalability of four predictive models regarding new vertebral fractures following percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Methods

Utilizing retrospective data acquired from two centers, compute the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and Kaplan–Meier plot to assess the model’s discrimination and calibration.

Results

In the external validation of Zhong et al.’s 2015 predictive model for the probability of new fractures post-vertebroplasty, the AUC for re-fracture at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively was 0.570, 0.617, and 0.664, respectively. The AUC for Zhong et al.’s 2016 predictive model for the probability of new fractures in neighboring vertebrae was 0.738. Kaplan–Meier plot results for both models indicated a significantly lower incidence of re-fracture in low-risk patients compared to high-risk patients. Li et al.’s 2021 model had an AUC of 0.518, and its calibration curve suggested an overestimation of the probability of new fractures. Li et al.’s 2022 model had an AUC of 0.556, and its calibration curve suggested an underestimation of the probability of new fractures.

Conclusion

The external validation of four models demonstrated that the predictive model proposed by Zhong et al. in 2016 exhibited superior external generalization capabilities.
University students’ concepts of nation in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau: Patriotism or nationalism?
Authors: Li Hui , Ieong Meng U. , Wong Koon Lin Linnie , Zhu Jinxin , Chen Chi-Chen
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the concepts of nation among university students in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. The findings revealed a lack of consistent patterns among university students’ perceptions of patriotism and nationalism across these regions. Ideological differences were observed, with students in Mainland China and Hong Kong representing the extremes of collectivism and individualism, respectively. Students in Hong Kong demonstrated a blended perspective of nationalism and patriotism rooted in localism, while students in Mainland China clearly distinguished between nationalism and patriotism within culture localism. Students in Macau exhibited perspectives that fit somewhere between those of their counterparts in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Hong Kong has encountered unique challenges in implementing patriotic education, while Mainland China and Macau have implemented it effectively. As a result, Macau has achieved better integration with Mainland China than Hong Kong in the postcolonial era. However, the key educational stakeholders in these societies must reassess their policies on preparing youths for the complex world and recognise their desire for authenticity and external recognition.
Age-related shifts in mental health determinants from a deprived area in the European Union: informing the national healthy aging program of Hungary
Authors: Kovacs Nora , Biro Eva , Piko Peter , Ungvari Zoltan , Adany Roza
Published: May 2024

Mental disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, disproportionately affecting older people. This study aims to assess the mental health of elderly individuals living in a deprived region of Hungary, and to identify and estimate the weight of different determinants of mental health across different age groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted with randomly selected samples of individuals (n = 860) aged 18 years and older in Northeast Hungary. The World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), the single-item Life Satisfaction Scale, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to measure mental health of the participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to measure the association between sociodemographic and health-related variables and mental health. Overall, the mean WHO-5 score was 69.2 ± 18.1 and it showed a significant decrease by age (p < 0.001), with the lowest score observed in aged 75 years and above (p < 0.001). The mean life satisfaction score was 7.5 ± 1.9 and it showed a significant decreasing trend over the life course (p < 0.001). The highest level of psychological distress as assessed by GHQ-12 was observed in the group aged 75 years or older (11.5 ± 6.0, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression indicated that self-reported financial status, social support, sense of control over their health, activity limitation and pain intensity were the most important determinants of mental health among older adults. Interventions to improve the mental health of older adults should focus on the positive impact of social support, the reduction of financial insecurity and the use of effective pain relief medications.
Electrochemical strategies for determination of tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) in food samples
Authors: Demir Ersin , Mısır Murat , Dincer Irem , Ozdogan Nida Aydogdu , Manjunatha Jamballi G.
Published: May 2024

Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) is a member of the synthetic phenolic antioxidant family that prevents the formation of free radicals and prevents radicals from damaging cells by trapping them. In addition, TBHQ is widely preferred as an additive in foods and vegetable oils because of its low cost and high chemical stability. TBHQ is not only a food preservative but is also frequently used as a stabilizer to prevent auto-polymerization in cosmetics, biodiesel, pharmaceuticals, coating products, and different application areas. TBHQ has been shown to cause diseases, such as DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and cell apoptosis, when administered at high doses. Excessive consumption of TBHQ causes adverse effects, such as stomach tumors, liver damage, and underdevelopment of the reproductive system. Different analytical methods have been used to detect TBHQ in food samples. The most important of these methods are traditional analytical methods such as chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. However, these methods have basic shortcomings such as high analysis costs, long pre-processing, expensive equipment, need for many organic solvents, requiring expertise, and long detection times. In recent years, electrochemical sensors have attracted attention in the scientific world owing to their high sensitivity, fast analysis time, portability, low cost, and convenience of miniaturization. This review discusses electrochemical studies performed to date for the determination of TBHQ in food samples. The methods used in these studies have been evaluated in a wide range of aspects, such as the electrode, working range, detection limits, and analytical applications.