bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Carbide Slag and Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Pastes in China
Authors: Li Zhixin , Xu Kaidong , Sun Nan , Wang Jina , Xue Kaiwang , Xu Longyun , Ren Yi , Yan Zhenzhou , Sima Tongbao
Published: June 2024

The alkali-activated blast furnace slag is attracting significant attention in replacing Portland cement due to several characteristics similar to cement hydration. However, there are a few practical problems with commercial alkali activators, such as the fast setting time, relatively high costs, and significant CO2 emissions during preparation. Thus, discovering industrial residues possessing inherent alkalinity are urgent. This study proposes the use of carbide slag at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% and alkali at levels of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, and 10% activated blast furnace slag. The compressive strength and microstructure of carbide slag and alkali-activated blast furnace slag (CAB) pastes were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry/Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC/TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the addition of carbide slag produced more hydrotalcite-like phase as well as decreased the content of ettringite (AFt) and the calcium–silicate–hydrate (C-S-H) gel, which decreased the compressive strength of the CAB pastes. At the age of 28 days, when the dosage was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%, the compressive strength of CAB mixes decreased by 2.1%, 7.1%, 9.2%, 9.8%, and 28.1%, respectively. The addition of NaOH promoted the formation of AFt, and there was an optimum level of NaOH corresponding to the high compressive strength of paste. At the age of 3 days and 7 days, the compressive strength reached its maximum at the dosage of 6% NaOH, which was 24.8 MPa and 36.3 MPa, respectively. However, at the ages of 14 days and 28 days, the compressive strength increased as the dosage of NaOH increased to 5%, which was 43.3 MPa and 44.5 MPa, respectively. The water curing could both enhance the early and later strength, the compressive strength of 23.3 MPa was gained at 3 days, and this increased by 16.3%, 24.0% and 36.9% at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, respectively. Therefore, water curing was suitable for the strength development of CAB pastes.
Mechanical Properties and Chloride Salt Corrosion Resistance of All-Lightweight Shale Ceramsite Concrete
Authors: Cao Guohui , Liu Rui , He Shaohua , Liao Shijie , Zhang Zaihua
Published: June 2024

In investigating the mechanical properties and chloride corrosion resistance of all-light shale ceramsite concrete (ALSCC), samples of ALSCC20–ALSCC45 with a compressive strength of C20–C45 were individually prepared. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and elastic modulus of ALSCC were analyzed. Additionally, the chloride salt corrosion resistance of ALSCC was assessed by examining chloride ion penetration depth, steel corrosion rate, and compressive strength after ALSCC30 corrosion. Furthermore, the microstructure of ALSCC hydration products was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that as the strength grade increases, the water–cement ratio decreases, and the internal structure becomes denser, thereby improving the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of ALSCC. Notably, the chloride corrosion resistance of ALSCC surpasses that of ordinary concrete. SEM images reveal that the hydration of ceramsite with Ca(OH)2 in concrete generates Ca[Al(OH)4]2 precipitation and C–S–H gel, which enhances internal filling and improves chloride corrosion resistance. Furthermore, based on the results of the ALSCC30 corrosion test, a calculation model for predicting compressive strength in a chloride environment was proposed. This model effectively predicts the compressive strength of ALSCC under chloride exposure conditions.
Design and Verification of Experimental Device for Pressurized Bubbling Absorption and Transport Characteristics in Vacuum Environment
Authors: Gao Jialiang , Wang Gang , Li Jitong , Cui Xiaoyan , Xiong Yaxuan , Lü Xiaoshu , Zhang Xuejing
Published: June 2024

To explore the dynamics of flow and heat transfer behaviors associated with bubbles during solution absorption in a vacuum environment, we present the design of an experimental setup for measuring the absorption and transport properties of bubbles in a pressurized vertical tube. The structure and operational principle of the setup are detailed. The reliability and accuracy of the system are validated through a series of experiments, including vacuum level maintenance, bubble flow verification, and energy checks. The findings reveal that the supercharging technology effectively facilitates bubble absorption under negative pressure. Over a 12 h period, the system vacuum level elevates by only 2.33%, indicating a minimal gas leakage rate of 2.4 mL/h and affirming the device’s exceptional reliability. The observed bubble formation, rise, collision, coalescence, and rupture behaviors in the experiment are consistent with previous studies on bubble flow. The maximum relative deviations of temperature and concentration at the solution and cooling water outlets are 0.08%, 0.02%, and 0.01%, respectively, validating the device’s excellent accuracy. Additionally, the energy check experiments, performed with varying solution inlet temperature and flow rate, reveal the maximum errors of 10.4 J and 12.5 J, respectively, demonstrating the device’s satisfactory accuracy. In summary, this work lays a robust experimental foundation for subsequent investigations into the transport properties and transfer mechanisms of bubble absorption in a vacuum environment.
BIM-Based Digital Construction Strategies to Evaluate Carbon Emissions in Green Prefabricated Buildings
Authors: Ullah Habib , Zhang Hong , Huang Baolin , Gong Yinan
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we explore the integration of building information modeling (BIM) technology to assess carbon emissions, emphasizing the unique contributions to smart and sustainable approaches in prefabricated buildings and focusing on the application of digital construction strategies facilitated by BIM to evaluate carbon emissions in green prefabricated buildings, with a detailed case study on C-House at Southeast University, Nanjing, China. The research methodology involved creating a BIM model of C-House in Rhino and collecting data from the operationalization phase. This research work delves into analyzing the structural components, on-site assembling process, and evaluation of carbon emissions by using a BIM-based assessment, as well as the energy load and consumption of prefabricated components, including sustainable PV panels, to enhance building efficiency and sustainability. The findings uncover the life cycle of C-House, which spans seven stages, compared with the five stages of conventional builds. Currently in its third cycle, C-House exhibits significant reductions of 70.57% in carbon emissions during the second cycle and 43.53% in the first one. This highlights the pattern showing that the prolonged reuse of prefabricated buildings leads to decreasing emissions over time. Such results underscore the potential carbon emission reductions and environmental advantages of reusing green prefabricated buildings. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the entire life cycle of the building, from inception to occupation and post-phase performance evaluation. By employing BIM for modeling, simulation, and analysis, we offer practical insights into the application of smart technologies for sustainable construction practices, significantly contributing to the advancement of green and digital construction technologies.
An Assessment of the Impact of Design Elements on the Liturgical Space of Church Buildings: Using Churches in the North of Iraq as a Case Study
Authors: Issa Naram Murqus , Khalil Kadhim Fathel
Published: June 2024

Liturgical space represents the embodiment of Christian theology in church buildings, encompassing both physical and metaphysical aspects. This space carries holiness and sacredness through a set of architectural elements that create sacred and profane zones within the church architecture. For centuries, design elements have shaped the form of Eastern churches in Iraq. This research aimed to answer the following question: what does a participant see at first glance in the liturgical space of a church building? This paper revisits the impact of design elements on the liturgical space of Eastern churches. The research methodology involved analyzing qualitative data using visual attention software (VAS) 3M, version 2024, to examine eye-tracking data and identify what visitors first noticed when entering these church interiors in Mosul, Iraq. The results highlight the variations and dominance of specific design elements in their impact on Eastern churches. The conclusions emphasize the importance of scientifically based restoration for the perception of design elements in these churches.
Research on a Calculation Method for the Horizontal Displacement of the Retaining Structure of Deep Foundation Pits
Authors: Zhu Jianghong , Qian Feng , Cai Jianping
Published: June 2024

The precise calculation and effective control of the horizontal displacement of deep foundation pit retaining structures are critical for foundation pit support design and construction. Based on stress–strain linear elastomer theory and considering the deformation coordination between an enclosure wall and its internal support member, a formula for the redundant restraint force acting on the retaining wall was derived through the unit load method and the principle of elastic superposition. Moreover, a method for calculating the horizontal displacement of the retaining structure of a deep foundation pit was formulated, which is convenient for engineering applications. The method can also be used to calculate the horizontal displacement of cantilevered and anchored retaining structures when the loading conditions of the deep foundation pit and the relevant parameters of the enclosure structure are known. A case study was conducted on a standard section with an excavation width H of 19.3 m and an excavation depth h of 17.8 m. The structural parameters of the enclosure wall, along with the elastic support stiffness coefficient and soil layer parameters of the pit, were inputted into a MATLAB calculation code. Then, four internal support constraint forces Fi and the calculated values for the horizontal displacement of the enclosure wall were obtained after running the code. The calculated curve closely matched the curve of values measured in the field. The horizontal displacements of the top of the wall of several cement–soil gravity enclosure structures mentioned in the literature were also calculated. The results of these calculations were then compared with the measured data and corresponding data from the literature. The examples provided clear evidence demonstrating that the proposed method is highly reliable for calculating the horizontal displacement of deep foundation pit enclosure structures.
Small-Molecule Inhibition of CBX4/7 Hypersensitises Homologous Recombination-Impaired Cancer to Radiation by Compromising CtIP-Mediated DNA End Resection
Authors: Osborne Hugh C. , Foster Benjamin M. , Al-Hazmi Hazim , Meyer Stefan , Larrosa Igor , Schmidt Christine K.
Published: June 2024

The therapeutic targeting of DNA repair pathways is an emerging concept in cancer treatment. Compounds that target specific DNA repair processes, such as those mending DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), are therefore of therapeutic interest. UNC3866 is a small molecule that targets CBX4, a chromobox protein, and a SUMO E3 ligase. As a key modulator of DNA end resection—a prerequisite for DSB repair by homologous recombination (HR)—CBX4 promotes the functions of the DNA resection factor CtIP. Here, we show that treatment with UNC3866 markedly sensitises HR-deficient, NHEJ-hyperactive cancer cells to ionising radiation (IR), while it is non-toxic in selected HR-proficient cells. Consistent with UNC3866 targeting CtIP functions, it inhibits end-resection-dependent DNA repair including HR, alternative end joining (alt-EJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA). These findings raise the possibility that the UNC3866-mediated inhibition of end resection processes we define highlights a distinct vulnerability for the selective killing of HR-ineffective cancers.
Mecp2 Deficiency in Peripheral Sensory Neuron Improves Cognitive Function by Enhancing Hippocampal Dendritic Spine Densities in Mice
Authors: Feng Yuting , Wang Jingge , Liu Jun , Zhou Yinwei , Jiang Ying , Zhou Wenhui , Wu Feng , Liu Xingjun , Luo Lin
Published: June 2024

Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2) is an epigenetic modulator and numerous studies have explored its impact on the central nervous system manifestations. However, little attention has been given to its potential contributions to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). To investigate the regulation of Mecp2 in the PNS on specific central regions, we generated Mecp2fl/flAdvillincre mice with the sensory-neuron-specific deletion of the Mecp2 gene and found the mutant mice had a heightened sensitivity to temperature, which, however, did not affect the sense of motion, social behaviors, and anxiety-like behavior. Notably, in comparison to Mecp2fl/fl mice, Mecp2fl/flAdvillincre mice exhibited improved learning and memory abilities. The levels of hippocampal synaptophysin and PSD95 proteins were higher in Mecp2fl/flAdvillincre mice than in Mecp2fl/fl mice. Golgi staining revealed a significant increase in total spine density, and dendritic arborization in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons of Mecp2fl/flAdvillincre mice compared to Mecp2fl/fl mice. In addition, the activation of the BDNF-TrkB-CREB1 pathway was observed in the hippocampus and spinal cord of Mecp2fl/flAdvillincre mice. Intriguingly, the hippocampal BDNF/CREB1 signaling pathway in mutant mice was initiated within 5 days after birth. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting the BDNF-TrkB-CREB1 signaling pathway and peripheral somasensory neurons to treat learning and cognitive deficits associated with Mecp2 disorders.
CaCO3-Infused Carbon Fiber Aerogels: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Mosoarca Cristina , Hulka Iosif , Șchiopu Pavel , Rus Florina S. , Bănică Radu
Published: June 2024

Carbon aerogels represent a distinctive category of high surface area materials derived from sol-gel chemistry. Functionalizing these aerogels has led to the development of composite aerogels with the potential for a wider range of applications. In this study, the technique of lyophilization was employed to fabricate aerogel composites consisting of inorganic salts and cellulosic fibers. Cellulose carbonization can occur through chemical dehydration by heat treatment in an inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction analysis spectra and scanning electron microscopy images indicate that the formed polymeric composites contain partially carbonized cellulose fibers, amorphous carbon, and calcium carbonates. CaCO3 primarily forms through the reaction of CaCl2, which moistens cellulose or amorphous carbon fibers with CO2 in ammonia fumes. The water loss in 3D structures was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy. Depending on the synthesis method, 3D structures can be created from partially or completely dehydrated cellulose fibers. The aerogels were examined for their ability to support the growth of bacterial biofilm and then adorned with metal silver and AgCl to produce bactericidal products. Due to their open pores and CaCO3 content, these aerogels can serve as durable and environmentally friendly thermal insulators with bactericidal properties, as well as a medium for absorbing acidic gases.
Body Dissatisfaction among Young Girls in Recreational Rhythmic Gymnastics
Authors: Nuñez Belén Portas , Sanchez-Lastra Miguel Adriano , Diz José C. , Pérez Carlos Ayán
Published: June 2024

Body dissatisfaction is commonly associated with rhythmic gymnastics (RG) practice, but limited research exists on the prevalence of this issue among recreational level practitioners. This study examines body image dissatisfaction among young girls practicing RG recreationally. A total of 88 girls between six and eleven years of age, who participate in RG as an extracurricular activity, were measured and completed the Stunkard pictogram. To create a control group, 88 girls who did not practice RG were also recruited and matched to the gymnasts by age. Results revealed that the mean body mass index values in both groups were within the normal weight range. The mean score for body dissatisfaction was similar between the two groups, with slightly positive values (RG = 0.94; CG = 1.06). The Mann–Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference in the ratings of actual body size, ideal body size, and body dissatisfaction between the RG and control groups. These findings suggest that practicing RG at a young age is not associated with body dissatisfaction among girls.
Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Chorea in Infancy and Early Childhood: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Spoto Giulia , Ceraolo Graziana , Butera Ambra , Di Rosa Gabriella , Nicotera Antonio Gennaro
Published: June 2024

Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder frequently observed in the pediatric population, and, due to advancements in genetic techniques, an increasing number of genes have been associated with this disorder. In genetic conditions, chorea may be the primary feature of the disorder, or be part of a more complex phenotype characterized by epileptic encephalopathy or a multisystemic syndrome. Moreover, it can appear as a persistent disorder (chronic chorea) or have an episodic course (paroxysmal chorea). Managing chorea in childhood presents challenges due to its varied clinical presentation, often involving a spectrum of hyperkinetic movement disorders alongside neuropsychiatric and multisystemic manifestations. Furthermore, during infancy and early childhood, transient motor phenomena resembling chorea occurring due to the rapid nervous system development during this period can complicate the diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview of the main genetic causes of pediatric chorea that may manifest during infancy and early childhood, focusing on peculiarities that can aid in differential diagnosis among different phenotypes and discussing possible treatment options.
Topical Clonidine Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats by Regulating the Expression of Related Cytokine Signaling
Authors: Phan Thi-Chau-Loan , Chiang Yi-Syuan , Su Ming-Jai , Liang Yao-Jen , Juang Shiow-Jen
Published: June 2024

Based on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of clonidine in previous studies, we hypothesized that clonidine could accelerate wound healing in rats by regulating the expression of related cytokines. In this study, the wound healing effect of clonidine was evaluated using an excision wound model in diabetic rats and a HaCaT cell model. The wounds were treated daily with topical clonidine. The results analyzed by ImageJ2 software show that the wounds of the rats that were treated with 15 ng/mL clonidine recovered faster, and the wound size was also significantly reduced compared to the control group. Western blot assays determined that clonidine induced an increase in the expression of vascular growth factors, namely, Ang-1, Ang-2, and VEGF. Moreover, clonidine demonstrated a rescuing effect on JAK2 within the JAK/STAT pathway by inhibiting SOCS3 expression, leading to decreased SOCS3 levels and increased expression of JAK2 and phospho-STAT3. Histopathological analysis revealed that clonidine promoted complete epithelial repair and minimized inflammation in skin tissue. Additionally, clonidine stimulated HaCaT cell proliferation in vitro and enhanced cellular energy levels in the presence of AGEs. In conclusion, clonidine promoted vascular growth and wound healing by stimulating the expression of cytokines that are beneficial for wound healing.
Development of pH Indicator Composite Films Based on Anthocyanins and Neutral Red for Monitoring Minced Meat and Fish in Modified Gas Atmosphere (MAP)
Authors: Faisal Marwa , Jacobson Tomas , Meineret Lene , Vorup Peter , Bordallo Heloisa N. , Kirkensgaard Jacob Judas Kain , Ulvskov Peter , Blennow Andreas
Published: June 2024

Fresh meat and fish are widely consumed foods with short and very short shelf lives, respectively. Efficient supply chains and the judicious use of food packaging are the most effective means of extending shelf life and thus reducing food waste and improving food safety. Food packaging that allows for the use of a modified atmosphere (MAP) is effective in extending the period where the food is both palatable and safe. However, monitoring the state of aging and the onset of spoilage of the product poses challenges. Microbial counts, pH measurements, and sensory evaluations are all informative but destructive and are therefore only useful for monitoring quality via sampling. More attractive would be a technology that can follow the progress of ageing in an individual product while leaving the food packaging intact. Here, we present a pH indicator to be placed inside each package that may be read by the naked eye. It is a colorimetric indicator with a matrix made of pure amylose (AM; 99% linear α-glucans) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Suitable mechanical properties of films cast of the two polysaccharides were achieved via the optimization of the blending ratio. The films were loaded with either of two pH indicators: anthocyanin extracts from red cabbage (RCA) and the synthetic dye neutral red (NR). Mechanical, thermal, permeability, microstructural, and physical properties were tested for all composite films. Films with 35% CNF (35AC-RCA) and (35AC-NR) were selected for further study. Minced meat was packaged under MAP conditions (70% O2 + 30% CO2), while minced fish was packaged under MAP (70% N2 + 30% CO2) and stored at 5 °C for 20 days. Microbial growth, pH, and sensory scores of the minced meat systems differentiated between fresh (0–6 days) and medium-fresh (7–10 days), and minced fish between fresh (0–10 days) and medium-fresh (11–20 days). The total color difference showed that the RCA indicator was able to differentiate between fresh (red) and medium-fresh (pink-red) minced meat, while for minced fish, this indicator discriminated between three stages: fresh (red), medium-fresh (pink-red), and spoiled (pink-blue). The NR indicator failed to discriminate the freshness of either meat or fish under the effect of MAP. Pearson correlation statistical models showed a correlation between color change of the indicator, pH, content of gases, and gas content. In summary, RCA immobilized in an AM + 35% CNF nanocomposite film can monitor the freshness of packaged minced meat/fish under the effect of MAP via color change that may be evaluated with the naked eye.
A Comparative Study on the Wear Behavior of Quenched-and-Partitioned Steel (Q&P) and Martensite Steel (Q&T)
Authors: Zheng Jian , Li Wei , Li Jie
Published: June 2024

The wear resistance of quenched-and-partitioned steel (Q&P) compared to martensite steel (Q&T) remains unclear. In this research, the wear resistance of Q&P steel and Q&T steel was researched by the means of the abrasive wear (AW) and impact abrasive wear (IAW) tests. The results show that abrasive ploughing was the main reason causing the material loss of Q&P and Q&T steel, while Q&T steel was subjected to severe fatigue spalling in the impact abrasive wear tests. Under the abrasive wear test, Q&T steel has better wear resistance due to its higher initial hardness. Under the impact abrasive wear test, Q&P steel has better wear resistance. This is because the formation of the deformed layer, which consists of finer grains and newly formed martensite in the worn subsurface, increased the hardness of the Q&P steel, causing the hardness of the worn subsurface in Q&P steel to be higher than that of Q&T steel. Furthermore, Q&P steel has better resistance to cracks nucleation and propagation compared to Q&T steel. As a result, less material loss was caused by fatigue spalling in Q&P steel under the impact abrasive wear tests.
A Mn (II) Quinoline Complex (4QMn) Mitigates Oxidative Damage Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation and Protein Aggregation
Authors: Merino Marián , González Sonia , Clares Mª Paz , García-España Enrique , Mullor José L.
Published: June 2024

Solar radiation, specifically ultraviolet radiation (UVR), is one of the harmful external factors that affect the integrity of the skin upon sun overexposure. Its detrimental effects include skin aging (photoaging), pigmentation disorders, and skin cancer. Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of different cellular responses is initiated, giving rise to inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and DNA lesions, among other effects. Therefore, there is a growing need to explore and characterize new compounds for safeguarding the skin from solar radiation-induced damage. In this work, we analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of the Mn (II) quinone complex (4QMn) in different cellular models and human skin explants. Importantly, our results suggest that 4QMn is able to ameliorate the oxidative damage produced by protein aggregation by reducing ROS levels, mitochondrial ROS (MitoROS), and DNA oxidative damage (8OH-dG) in a protein accumulation model. These findings suggest that the 4QMn compound could mitigate the deleterious effects of different sources of oxidative damage.
What Factors Determine the Natural Fruit Set of Cephalanthera longifolia and Cephalanthera rubra?
Authors: Taura Laurynas , Gudžinskas Zigmantas
Published: June 2024

The reproduction of rare and endangered plant species is one of the most important factors determining the stability and survival of their populations, and knowledge of the barriers to successful reproduction is essential for species conservation. Habitat loss and slow reproduction due to low fruit set are usually considered the main threats to Cephalanthera longifolia and C. rubra (Orchidaceae). The aim of this study was to analyse the natural fruit set of these species during three consecutive years in Lithuania in the northern part of the temperate zone of Europe. Six populations of C. longifolia and three populations of C. rubra were studied each year from 2021 to 2023. During the study period, 49.3% to 54.4% of C. longifolia and 40.0% to 54.3% of C. rubra individuals produced no fruit. Over the three-year period, fruit set in individual populations of C. longifolia ranged from 5.2% to 19.5%, whereas fruit set in populations of C. rubra ranged from 4.1% to 18.8%. Significant weak or moderate correlations were found between plant height, inflorescence length and the number of flowers in the inflorescence and fruit set of both species. Flower position in the inflorescence had a significant effect on fruit set in both species, and the fruit set rate of lower flowers was higher than that of upper flowers. Significant but weak correlations were found between the fruit set and most of the environmental factors analysed. The results of this study suggest that the fruit set of C. longifolia and C. rubra is dependent on insect pollination of the flowers, which in turn is affected by habitat conditions.
Effect of Yogurt on the Deodorization of Raw Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Sulfur Volatiles in Breath and the Roles of Its Components
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Barringer Sheryl
Published: June 2024

Consumption of garlic leads to the persistence of “garlic breath” due to the presence of malodorous sulfur volatiles which may persist for as long as 24 h. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yogurt and its components on the deodorization of garlic sulfur volatiles in breath and study the roles of these components in deodorization. Raw garlic was consumed with different treatments and at different times for breath analysis. Different components were mixed with the garlic for headspace analysis. Volatiles were measured using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. Consuming yogurt at the same time as garlic was more effective than consuming it before or after. Yogurt was the most effective at deodorization, followed by the emulsion, then protein or fat alone. Decreasing the pH of protein solutions increased deodorization because changes to the structure of the proteins exposed more binding sites for the volatiles, while decreasing the pH of water or fat had no effect on deodorization. Whey protein deodorized better than casein due to the presence of more cysteine binding sites for volatiles. This study proposes that the fat, protein, microbial culture, and water in yogurt have synergistic effects on the deodorization of garlic volatiles. This study’s findings can help in the development of novel products targeting sulfur volatiles, with broad applications for mitigating malodors produced by garlic.
Maternal Reassurance, Satisfaction, and Anxiety after First-Trimester Screening for Aneuploidies: Comparison between Contingent Screening and Universal Cell-Free DNA Testing
Authors: Tramontano Anna Luna , Marano Ilaria , Orlandi Giuliana , Angelino Antonio , Rivieccio Maria , Fulgione Caterina , Maruotti Giuseppe Maria , Saccone Gabriele , De Vita Gabriella , Guida Maurizio , Sarno Laura
Published: June 2024

Background: This study aims to evaluate maternal reassurance, satisfaction, and anxiety after two different strategies for the first-trimester screening for aneuploidies. Methods: Patients between 11 + 3 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation attending the first-trimester screening at Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy have been recruited and randomly allocated to contingent screening or universal cell-free fetal DNA testing (cffDNA). Questionnaires to measure reassurance, satisfaction, and anxiety have been filled twice: (Q1) after randomization and (Q2) after receiving results. Anxiety was measured by an Italian-version short form of the state scale of the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); child-related anxiety was measured by the 11-item Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire—Revised Regardless of Parity (PRAQ-R2 scale); fear of bearing a physically or mentally handicapped child was measured considering only four items (item 4, 9, 10, and 11) of the PRAQ-R2 scale. Results: 431 patients were recruited: 205 (49%) were randomized in the contingent screening arm, 226 (51%) in the cfDNA arm. Maternal reassurance, satisfaction, and anxiety were not different in the two groups. Conclusion: A contingent screening for aneuploidies in the first trimester seems able to ensure the same maternal reassurance and satisfaction as a cfDNA analysis in the low-risk population and to not affect maternal anxiety.
Enhancing Medical Image Retrieval with UMLS-Integrated CNN-Based Text Indexing
Authors: Gasmi Karim , Ayadi Hajer , Torjmen Mouna
Published: June 2024

In recent years, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have demonstrated notable advancements in various domains such as image classification and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Despite their success in image classification tasks, their potential impact on medical image retrieval, particularly in text-based medical image retrieval (TBMIR) tasks, has not yet been fully realized. This could be attributed to the complexity of the ranking process, as there is ambiguity in treating TBMIR as an image retrieval task rather than a traditional information retrieval or NLP task. To address this gap, our paper proposes a novel approach to re-ranking medical images using a Deep Matching Model (DMM) and Medical-Dependent Features (MDF). These features incorporate categorical attributes such as medical terminologies and imaging modalities. Specifically, our DMM aims to generate effective representations for query and image metadata using a personalized CNN, facilitating matching between these representations. By using MDF, a semantic similarity matrix based on Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) meta-thesaurus, and a set of personalized filters taking into account some ranking features, our deep matching model can effectively consider the TBMIR task as an image retrieval task, as previously mentioned. To evaluate our approach, we performed experiments on the medical ImageCLEF datasets from 2009 to 2012. The experimental results show that the proposed model significantly enhances image retrieval performance compared to the baseline and state-of-the-art approaches.
Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Demonstrate Enhanced Anti-Biofilm Effect Compared to Enamel Matrix Derivatives on Decontaminated Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Varghese Jothi , Ramenzoni Liza L. , Shenoy Padmaja A. , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Mehrotra Shubhankar , Kamath Vinayak
Published: June 2024

Background: The search for effective antimicrobial agents to mitigate peri-implant infections remains a crucial aspect of implant dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of i-PRF, A-PRF+, and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on decontaminated rough and smooth titanium (Ti) discs. Materials and Methods: Rough and smooth Ti discs were coated with multispecies biofilm and thoroughly debrided using a chitosan-bristled brush. Subsequently, i-PRF, A-PRF+, and EMD were applied. Untreated discs served as control. Residual adherent bacteria present on the treated Ti discs were visualized by SEM and quantified using culture technique, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were measured after 48 h and 7 days. Results: i-PRF demonstrated better antimicrobial effectiveness on both smooth and rough implant surfaces as compared to A-PRF+ and EMD (p < 0.001). In all the experimental groups, smooth Ti discs displayed a greater reduction in microbes compared to rough Ti discs when treated with the biologics. The major reduction in CFU values was determined after seven days. Conclusions: i-PRF as a regenerative material may also be suitable for decontaminating implant surfaces, which could influence tissue healing and regenerative outcomes positively.
Machine Learning-Based Monitoring for Planning Climate-Resilient Conservation of Built Heritage
Authors: Fiorini Lidia , Conti Alessandro , Pellis Eugenio , Bonora Valentina , Masiero Andrea , Tucci Grazia
Published: June 2024

The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are accelerating the mechanisms of surface degradation of heritage buildings, and it is therefore appropriate to find automatic techniques to reduce the time and cost of monitoring and to support their planned conservation. A fully automated approach is presented here for the segmentation and classification of the architectural elements that make up one of the façades of Palazzo Pitti. The aim of this analysis is to provide tools for a more detailed assessment of the risk of detachment of parts of the pietraforte sandstone elements. Machine learning techniques were applied for the segmentation and classification of information from a DEM obtained via a photogrammetric drone survey. An unsupervised geometry-based classification of the segmented objects was performed using K-means for identifying the most vulnerable elements according to their shapes. The results were validated through comparing them with those obtained via manual segmentation and classification, as well as with studies carried out by experts in the field. The initial results, which can be integrated with non-geometric information, show the usefulness of drone surveys in the context of automatic monitoring of heritage buildings.
Total Body Surface Area Adjusted Daily Diagnostic Blood Loss May Be Higher in Minor Burns—Are Our Patients the Victims of Daily Routine?
Authors: Smolle Christian , Persson Anna Alexandra Elisabeth , Lind Caroline , Huss Fredrik
Published: June 2024

Burns are common and devastating injuries, often necessitating intensive care treatment and long-term hospitalisation, making burn patients susceptible to hospital-acquired anaemia and blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to assess diagnostic blood loss in burn patients at the burn intensive care unit (BICU) at Uppsala University Hospital between 1 September 2016 and 30 June 2019. Medical records were screened; age, gender, mechanism, % total body surface area (TBSA), Baux score, length of stay, days on the respirator, days of continuous renal replacement therapy, number of operations, and number of blood tests per patient were assessed. Volume per blood test was estimated as the volume needed for the specific test tube. A total of 166 patients were included in the study. The mean TBSA was 18.0% ± 20, and the mean length of stay was 17.0 ± 41 days. Median diagnostic blood loss was 13.1 mL/day/patient (IQR 7.0, 23.9) and correlated positively with burn extent, Baux score, and mortality. Daily diagnostic blood loss/%TBSA/patient was 1.2 mL (IQR 0.7, 2.3). Transfusion of blood products occurred in 73/166 patients (44%). In conclusion, diagnostic blood loss is greatly influenced by TBSA extent. The diagnostic blood loss can reach significant levels and may affect the transfusion rate.
Middle Management Leadership Experiences of a Mission-Driven Innovation University Strategy
Authors: Christiansen Svend H. , Du Xiangyun , Guerra Aida Olivia Pereira de Carvalho
Published: June 2024

This study explores academic middle managers’ perspectives on a mission-driven university strategy in a Danish context, offering insights for institutions implementing similar strategies. The case of a Danish university highlights the vital role of academic middle managers in navigating strategic uncertainty. Success requires a nuanced understanding of organizational dynamics and aligning initiatives with institutional goals. The study, based on interviews with ten academic middle managers, reveals complexities and challenges associated with mission-driven innovation in higher education, through a phenomenographic and thematic analysis, concerning current impressions and experiences, the perceived barriers to implementation, and the perceived affordances of transforming into a mission-driven university. The findings emphasize the significance of overcoming internal resistance and establishing institutional support, providing valuable considerations for higher education institutions and their academic middle managers in implementing mission-driven innovation strategies, and have the potential to support the design and implementation of future higher education strategies for sustainability, pertaining to the responsibilities, interactions, and mediations across and among the upper management and the academic staff.
Nice Girls like Us: Confronting White Liberalism in Teacher Education and Ourselves
Authors: White Kristen L. , Degener Sophie , Tondreau Amy , Gardiner Wendy , Hinman Tierney B. , Dussling Tess M. , Stevens Elizabeth Y. , Wilson Nance S.
Published: June 2024

Niceness includes behaviors such as avoiding conflict or controversial topics, being submissive and people-pleasing, performing teaching as “love” in uncritical ways, accepting deficit perspectives, and upholding patriarchal structures. In the spirit of Niceness, white female teachers often avoid the work of challenging inequitable systems because doing so leaves them vulnerable to being seen as “not nice” or troublemakers. In this article, we interrogate how “niceness” produces and perpetuates inequalities in schooling. In particular, we argue that we, a group of eight white female teacher educators from across the United States, are in positions of leadership, capable of perpetuating or disrupting “niceness” in our pre-service courses. Drawing on scholarship on niceness, femininity, and critical whiteness, we examine our complicity in acts of oppression and how we work to identify and unlearn institutional norms to teach for justice and equity. We share vulnerable moments when we upheld niceness. In doing so, we aim to reveal and explore how socialization into niceness enables our silence, inaction, and misguided action.
Informal Elementary Science: Repertoires of Parental Support
Authors: Short-Meyerson Katherine , Sandrin Susannah , Jimenez-Silva Margarita
Published: June 2024

Children’s early exposure and participation with science activities may help reduce underrepresentation issues that are often seen later in some disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors and occupations. To help understand these trends, this study investigated the repertoire of parental support during hands-on science activities with their children with regards to ethnicity (Latiné families of predominantly Mexican origin and non-Latiné, primarily White, families) and gender. It was informed by work that examines gender, race, and ethnicity differences in STEM participation. Participants were 153 girls and boys, aged 8 to 12 years, and their mothers and fathers in the Southwestern United States. Each parent–child dyad’s behaviors during hands-on science activities together were examined. After controlling for family annual income and parental level of education, there were several variations by ethnicity and gender in parents’ support of their children (e.g., help and encouragement), children’s exploration of the activities, children’s talkativeness, and the amount of time they engaged in the activities. Suggestions for expanding STEM education programs to be more inclusive of underrepresented communities are discussed.
Participatory and Inclusive Design Models from the Perspective of Universal Design for Children with Autism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferreira Rallyson dos Santos , Castro Thaís Helena Chaves de
Published: June 2024

As technology continues to evolve rapidly and new computing resources are introduced, the utilization of these tools poses increasing complexity for individuals with physical or neurological needs, primarily due to the absence of accessibility and inclusive principles. A promising solution involves shifting the focus from disabilities to abilities, and in that way, creating adaptive environments capable of accommodating various user profiles and minimizing disparities, ensuring universal access. However, a notable challenge arises, particularly for individuals with autism, who face barriers in participating in the software development process due to psychological conditions hindering their responsiveness to traditional data collection methods like questionnaires. This systematic review aims to investigate scientific articles that delve into participatory and inclusive design models tailored for children with autism. The primary objective is to explore adaptability within universal design frameworks in developing new computational artifacts. By addressing this gap, the review contributes to the ongoing effort to create more inclusive and adaptive digital environments, focusing on improving accessibility and enriching the experiences of users with autism.
Soil Quality Variation under Different Land Use Types and Its Driving Factors in Beijing
Authors: Qiang Fangfang , Sheng Changchang , Zhang Jiaqi , Jiang Liwei , Zhou Jinxing
Published: June 2024

With the advancement of urbanization, land resources are becoming increasingly strained, particularly for urban greening purposes. In this context, a large number of newly cultivated lands dominated by construction waste and backfill soil are emerging in cities. Assessing the soil quality of these newly cultivated lands and achieving their rational utilization accurately and quantitatively has become an urgent issue. In this study, soil samples of five land use types, namely newly cultivated land (NCL, control), adjacent cropland (CL), arbor–shrub mixed forest (ASF), arbor forest (AF), and shrubland (SL) were selected around Beijing, China. ASF, AF, and SL are also newly cultivated lands composed of construction waste and backfill before greening. Based on principal component analysis (PCA), a total data set (TDS) and a minimum data set (MDS) were used to construct the soil quality index (SQI) model. Soil quality indicators covering the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and their relationships with land use types were studied with the Partial Least Squares Path Model (PLS-PM). The results were summarized as follows: (1) The soil quality index under different land use types in the Beijing plain area were in the order of arbor–shrub mixed forest (ASF) > arbor forest (AF) > shrubland (SL) > cropland (CL) > newly cultivated land (NCL). (2) Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil water content (SWC), maximum water-holding capacity (MWHC), capillary water-holding capacity (CWHC), Pb, and Cd were identified as the MDS. The MDS of the soil quality assessment model showed a linear relationship with the TDS (y = 0.946x + 0.050, R2 = 0.51). (3) Land use types have an indirect impact on soil quality by changing the content of Pb. The chemical indicators’ coefficient (0.602) contributed more to the SQI than did the physical indicators’ (0.259) and heavy metal elements’ (−0.234). In general, afforestation and agricultural production could improve the newly cultivated lands’ soil quality, but afforestation is much better than agricultural production. These results will help to evaluate the SQI in the Beijing plain area objectively and accurately, and they have significant implications for soil restoration and management.
Correction Factors for the Use of 1D Solution Methods for Dynamic Laminar Liquid Flow through Curved Tubes
Authors: Wiens Travis
Published: June 2024

The modeling of transient flows of liquids through tubes is required for studies in water hammer, switched inertance hydraulic converters, and noise reduction in hydraulic equipment. While 3D gridded computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods exist for the prediction of dynamic flows and pressures in these applications, they are computationally costly, and it is more common to use 1D methods such as the method of characteristics (MOC), transmission line method (TLM), or frequency domain methods. These 1D methods give good approximations of results but require many orders of magnitude less computation time. While these tubes are typically curved or coiled in practical applications, existing 1D solution methods assume straight tubes, often with unknown deviation from the curved tube solution. This paper uses CFD simulations to determine the correction factors that can be used for existing 1D methods with curved tubes. The paper also presents information that can be used to help evaluate the expected errors resulting from this approximation.