bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procoagulant Activity in Trauma Patients
Authors: Chandler Wayne L.
Published: June 2010

Elevated levels of circulating procoagulants like tissue factor may increase the risk of systemic coagulation activation, thrombin generation, and consumptive coagulopathy. I measured procoagulant activity in plasma by using a clot-based assay that incorporated normal plasma to replace missing factors, corn trypsin inhibitor to block contact activation, factor VIIa to improve sensitivity to tissue factor activity, and anti–tissue factor antibodies to measure tissue factor–specific activity. Procoagulant activity was evaluated in 58 trauma patients. Trauma patients without coagulopathy (n = 50) showed 5-fold higher procoagulant activity than did control subjects (P < .001), whereas trauma patients with coagulopathy (n = 8) showed 10-fold higher activity than control subjects (P < .001) and 2-fold higher activity than trauma patients without coagulopathy (P = .03). In control subjects, tissue factor activity was below the detection limit of the assay. Tissue factor activity was 3- to 4-fold higher in trauma patients with coagulopathy vs patients without coagulopathy (P = .002). Trauma patients with coagulopathy have increased circulating tissue factor activity.
A Novel Thromboelastographic Score to Identify Overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Resulting in a Hypocoagulable State
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Saxena Renu
Published: June 2010

Thromboelastography (TEM) yields a multitude of data that are complicated to analyze. We evaluated its value in identification of global coagulopathy in overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We studied 21 patients, each with International Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis scores of 5 or more (compatible with overt DIC) and less than 5 (suggestive of nonovert DIC), who underwent whole blood nonadditive TEM. A TEM score based on the reaction and κ times, α angle, and maximum amplitude was defined as the total number of TEM parameters deranged in the direction of hypocoagulability.

The TEM score at a cutoff of 2 or more achieved sensitivity of 95.2%, specificity of 81.0%, and the highest receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of all parameters of 0.957 for identifying overt DIC. Individual TEM parameters correlated variably with conventional tests. Their combination into a cohesive TEM score possibly better captured the multiple hemostatic derangements occurring in DIC. The TEM score may bring objectivity to the analysis of TEM data.
Significance of PGP9.5 Expression in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts for Prognosis of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Akishima-Fukasawa Yuri , Ino Yoshinori , Nakanishi Yukihiro , Miura Ayaka , Moriya Yoshihiro , Kondo Tadashi , Kanai Yae , Hirohashi Setsuo
Published: June 2010

To assess the expression of a cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) marker as an indicator of prognosis, we raised anti–protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) monoclonal antibody against cultured fibroblasts. PGP9.5 expression in cultured normal fibroblasts was increased by transforming growth factor β stimulation, indicating the phenotypic alteration to activated fibroblast. We immunohistochemically evaluated PGP9.5 expression with the CAFs of 110 colorectal cancer cases under T3 stage. PGP9.5 immunoreactivity in 30% or more of CAFs was defined as high PGP9.5 expression, and the other cases were considered as having low PGP9.5 expression.

Patients with high PGP9.5 expression (42.7%) had significantly shorter survival and a higher incidence of recurrence than the low PGP9.5 expression group (P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated PGP9.5 expression as an independent prognostic factor for overall and recurrence-free survival partly as well as lymph node metastasis. These results indicate that PGP9.5 expression in CAFs is a helpful finding to represent the overall biologic behavior of advanced colorectal cancer.
Press news coverage of GM crops in Catalonia in 2005: A case study in environmental communication
Authors: Casaus Mariel Vilella
Published: June 2010

Despite the fact that the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops into agriculture and the food chain has caused great controversy worldwide over its impact on the environment and human health, Spain has become the first producer of GM crops in the European Union. Given the
expansion of GM crops and the spread of GM contamination in the absence of any legal framework, in 2005 the Catalan government proposed a coexistence decree to regulate GM, conventional and organic agriculture. Protests against this proposal created a political scenario for public debate on
GM crops in which the media played an important role. We focus on this political moment in Catalan politics and examine press coverage of GM crops in 2005 in popular Catalan newspapers through content and frame analyses. Results show how, despite civil protests against the measure reflected
in a press coverage peak regarding GM agriculture, this issue progressively disappeared from the media agenda following a pattern of institutional marginalization. Frame analysis also reveals that the framing of GM crops as a social and environmental conflict is highly contested, whereas framing
as a scientific and therefore safe biotechnology is hardly questioned. This article discusses previous research on public opinion and biotechnology, which assumed that media are responsible for public rejection of GM crops.
Assessment and comparison of current media and journalism systems in the Catalan, Galician and Basque languages
Authors: Zabaleta Iñaki , Xamardo Nicolás , Gutierrez Arantza , Urrutia Santi , Fernandez Itxaso
Published: June 2010

This article studies and compares the current print and broadcast media and journalism structures in the Catalan, Galician and Basque linguistic communities, and also the degree of website development among traditional media organizations (press, radio, television). The media systems
serving the three autochthonous languages are studied in terms of media type, ownership and circulation. Full-time journalists working in the monolingual minority-language media organizations were assessed in terms of numbers and profiles. The relative weight of the media systems in terms
of the population of speakers was also evaluated and results showed that the Catalan and Basque systems were proportionately balanced, contrary to the Galician media, which had a negative relative weight.
New documentary productions: A new speaking position for migrants in Extranjeras and Si nos dejan
Authors: Rodríguez María Pilar
Published: June 2010

The main purpose of this article is to introduce an alternative way of discussing documentaries in terms of two recent works by Helena Taberna and by Ana Torres, portraying migrant subjects in Madrid and Barcelona. Both documentaries offer innovative ways of projecting a vision of migrant
experiences in urban settings. Departing from Gayatri Spivack's question, can the subaltern speak?, I formulate a new position for migrant subjects from both documentaries. Both films offer a rejection of legal practices promoting exclusion by European governments. A new multicultural identity
emerges based on interaction and the strong determination of the film-makers to project a reflection on immigration which stands out against current derogatory images associated with prostitution and delinquency in contemporary cinematography.
Techno-society at the service of memory institutions: Web 2.0 in museums
Authors: Mancini Federica , Carreras César
Published: June 2010

Social media have the potential to transform the museum visitor into an active participant involved in the creation of knowledge. Nevertheless, the application of the relatively new social computing concept to the cultural heritage sector faces many challenges. Consequently, a greater
understanding of the features of the different communication channels and the new methods for measuring the success (or failure) of an exhibition is required. First, we analyse the impact of the use of Web 2.0 technologies on cultural institutions while highlighting the opportunities and risks
of user participation. Secondly, we examine some of the experiments implemented by memory institutions paying particular attention to these institutions' interactive relationships with their publics on the Internet. Finally, we explore some hypotheses about the fears of many Catalan institutions
in relation to the sociocultural web, and provide a series of recommendations for the introduction of Web 2.0 technologies in museums that will achieve positive results.
Impact of Caregiver Literacy on Children's Oral Health Outcomes
Authors: Miller Elizabeth , Lee Jessica Y. , DeWalt Darren A. , Vann William F.
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of primary caregivers' literacy with children's oral health outcomes.

METHODS:

We performed a cross-sectional study of children who were aged ≤6 years and presented for an initial dental appointment in the teaching clinics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry. Caregiver literacy was measured using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30). The outcome measures included oral health knowledge, oral health behaviors, primary caregiver's reports of their child's oral health status, and the clinical oral health status of the child as determined by a clinical examination completed by trained, calibrated examiners.

RESULTS:

Among the 106 caregiver–child dyads enrolled, 59% of the children were male, 52% were white, and 86% of caregivers were the biological mothers. The bivariate results showed no significant relationships between literacy and oral health knowledge (P = .16) and behaviors (P = .24); however, there was an association between literacy and oral health status (P < .05). The multivariate analysis controlled for race and income; this analysis revealed a significant relationship between caregiver literacy scores and clinical oral health status as determined by using a standardized clinical examination. Caregivers of children with mild to moderate treatment needs were more likely to have higher REALD-30 scores than those with severe treatment needs (odds ratio: 1.14 [95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.25]; P = .003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Caregiver literacy is significantly associated with children's dental disease status.
Preventive Care at Home for Very Preterm Infants Improves Infant and Caregiver Outcomes at 2 Years
Authors: Spittle Alicia J. , Anderson Peter J. , Lee Katherine J. , Ferretti Carmel , Eeles Abbey , Orton Jane , Boyd Roslyn N. , Inder Terrie , Doyle Lex W.
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of preventive care at home on child development and primary caregiver mental health at 2 years of age.

METHODS:

A total of 120 very preterm infants (<30 weeks) were assigned randomly to intervention (n = 61) or control (n = 59) groups. The intervention group received the preventive care program (9 home visits over the first year from a physiotherapist and a psychologist, focusing on the parent-infant relationship, the parents' mental health, and the infant's development); and the control group received standard care. At corrected age of 2 years, developmental outcomes were assessed, and primary caregivers completed the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. The mental health of the primary caregivers was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

RESULTS:

At 2 years of age, 115 children (96%) were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III and 100 children (83%) with the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment; and 91 (86%) of 106 caregivers completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. There were no statistically significant differences in cognitive, language, or motor composite scores between the treatment groups. However, children in the intervention group were reported by their primary caregivers to exhibit less externalizing and dysregulation behaviors and increased competence, compared with control subjects. Primary caregivers in the intervention group reported less anxiety and depression.

CONCLUSION:

A preventive care program for very preterm infants and their families improved behavioral outcomes for infants and reduced anxiety and depression for primary caregivers.
Fecal Bacteriotherapy for Relapsing Clostridium difficile Infection in a Child: A Proposed Treatment Protocol
Authors: Russell George , Kaplan Jess , Ferraro MaryJane , Michelow Ian C.
Published: June 2010

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a potentially serious emerging infectious disease. The incidences of CDI in childhood and CDI cases complicated by relapses have increased by 50% or more in North America during the past 2 decades. We report here the case of a 2-year-old child with relapsing CDI caused by the epidemic strain BI/NAP1/O27 that was refractory to Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiotics and to intensive therapy with traditional (metronidazole, vancomycin) and experimental (rifaximin, nitazoxanide) antibiotics despite its apparent antimicrobial-susceptible phenotype. After excluding other infectious causes of diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease, we designed a protocol to safely administer fecal bacteriotherapy via a temporary nasogastric tube. We demonstrated for the first time that fecal transplantation is practical and effective for treating relapsing CDI in a young child. We recommend that this strategy be reserved for complicated cases of CDI that fail conventional therapy until randomized studies can confirm the safety and effectiveness of fecal bacteriotherapy in children.
Bioethics, culture and infanticide in Brazilian indigenous communities: the Zuruahá case
Authors: Feitosa Saulo Ferreira , Garrafa Volnei , Cornelli Gabriele , Tardivo Carla , Carvalho Samuel José de
Published: June 2010

This article analyzes the practice of infanticide in indigenous communities in Brazil. Taking as a reference point a specific case involving two children of the Zuruahá people, it takes a broader look at the issue and discusses how infanticide is understood among other indigenous peoples. A debate focusing specifically on this topic that took place during a public hearing held in the Brazilian National Congress in December 2005 has also been taken into consideration in this discussion. In view of the positions adopted as a result of the hearing, this paper seeks to identify the ethical problems and moral dilemmas relating to the subject, by putting them into context and analyzing them in the light of respect for cultural pluralism. Seeking to contribute to the debate, the authors analyze the possibilities for intervention in the traditional practices of infanticide, while rejecting those positions that are not anchored in an attitude of profound respect for other people's cultures or that do not create conditions for dialogue between individuals or groups with different moralities.
Prevalência de diabetes mellitus e identificação de fatores associados em adultos residentes em área urbana de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, 2006: Projeto OBEDIARP
Authors: Moraes Suzana Alves de , Freitas Isabel Cristina Martins de , Gimeno Suely Godoy Agostinho , Mondini Lenise
Published: June 2010

Para investigar a prevalência de diabetes mellitus e fatores associados, conduziu-se estudo epidemiológico transversal em amostra de adultos com 30 anos e mais, residentes em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. O processo de amostragem foi desenvolvido em três estágios e pesos amostrais foram calculados, obtendo-se amostra ponderada de 2.197 participantes. Para o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus considerou-se história prévia e pontos de corte recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para glicemias de jejum e pós-sobrecarga. Para identificação de fatores associados, razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas foram estimadas por pontos e por intervalos, utilizando-se regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de diabetes mellitus foi 15,02%. Após o ajustamento para potenciais fatores de confusão, as seguintes variáveis permaneceram no modelo final: faixa etária; antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus; razão cintura/quadril; razão cintura/altura; uso de medicamentos e procura por serviços de saúde. Os resultados apontaram elevada prevalência de diabetes mellitus e permitiram a identificação de fatores associados, passíveis de intervenção.
Satisfação dos usuários assistidos nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas do Município do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Lima Ana Carolina Silva de , Cabral Etenildo Dantas , Vasconcelos Marcia Maria Vendiciano Barbosa
Published: June 2010

O estudo objetivou avaliar a satisfação dos usuários assistidos nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas do Município do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Realizou-se entrevista pessoal padronizada com 272 pacientes utilizando o Questionário de Avaliação da Qualidade dos Serviços de Saúde Bucal (QASSaB). Os resultados indicaram uma avaliação positiva para a maioria das dimensões no geral. A acessibilidade foi um ponto crítico destacado. Houve diferença significante de 5% na satisfação dos usuários, entre as unidades de serviço, para: relações humanas/cirurgião-dentista (p = 0,001); relações humanas/auxiliar (p = 0, 007); eficácia (p = 0,014); acessibilidade/tempo de espera (p = 0,018); ambiente físico/limpeza da recepção (p = 0,004); aceitabilidade (p = 0,029); efetividade/aparência dos dentes (p = 0,029) e efetividade/capacidade de mastigação (p < 0,001). Concluiu-se que a maioria dos usuários está satisfeita com a assistência prestada nos centros e que a satisfação difere em cada centro.
Conhecimentos sobre o uso de contraceptivos e prevenção de DST: a percepção de mulheres imigrantes
Authors: Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer , Dias Sonia Ferreira , Gama Ana Filipa
Published: June 2010

A saúde sexual e reprodutiva representa uma das principais preocupações da Saúde Pública, pois afeta a saúde e o bem-estar dos indivíduos e compromete o nível social e econômico das sociedades. Muitos problemas relacionados à saúde sexual e reprodutiva são acentuados em grupos socialmente desfavorecidos, como os imigrantes. Esta investigação aprofunda o conhecimento de alguns aspectos sobre a saúde sexual e reprodutiva de imigrantes brasileiras e africanas em Portugal, particularmente em relação ao uso de métodos contraceptivos, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e uso do preservativo. A coleta de dados se deu a partir da realização de grupos focais com mulheres imigrantes, em idade fértil, residentes em Portugal e provenientes do Brasil ou de Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa. Os resultados permitem compreender as percepções e conhecimentos das participantes em relação às temáticas abordadas e determinar os aspectos a serem levados em conta para melhor atender suas necessidades de saúde sexual e reprodutiva.
Socioeconomic, demographic and nutritional factors associated with maternal weight gain in general practices in Southern Brazil
Authors: Drehmer Michele , Camey Suzi , Schmidt Maria Inês , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo , Giacomello Andressa , Buss Caroline , Melere Cristiane , Hoffmann Juliana , Manzolli Patricia , Soares Rafael Marques , Ozcariz Silvia , Nunes Maria Angélica Antunes
Published: June 2010

In order to describe adequacy of weight gain during pregnancy and its association with pre-pregnancy nutritional status and other factors, a cohort study of pregnant women enrolled at 16-36 weeks of gestation and followed up until delivery was carried out in prenatal care in primary care services in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Maternal weight was recorded at each prenatal care visit. Weight gain was classified as "adequate," "insufficient" or "excessive" (Institute of Medicine). Poisson regression was used to measure the associations. The sample was comprised of 667 women, and insufficient and excessive weight gain incidences were 25.8% and 44.8%, respectively. Overweight and obese before pregnancy had a significant increased risk of excessive weight gain in pregnancy (RR: 1.75; 95%CI: 1.48-2.07, RR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.23-1.96, respectively). Women with fewer than six prenatal visits had a 52% increased risk for weight gain below recommended values. Although insufficient weight gain may still be a public health problem, excessive gain is becoming a concern that needs immediate attention in prenatal care.
Influenza vaccination in non-institutionalized elderly: a population-based study in a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil
Authors: Dip Renata Maciulis , Cabrera Marcos A. S.
Published: June 2010

Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent the complications of influenza. This population-based study aimed to estimate influenza vaccine coverage in non-institutionalized elderly, analyze the factors involved in lack of influenza vaccine uptake, and identify post-vaccination adverse effects. The study population lived in an urban neighborhood in Southern Brazil, and the sample consisted of 425 elderly. A total of 396 elderly individuals (age 60-95 years) were interviewed. Although 100% of the sample reported knowing about the vaccine, only 5.3% referred to their personal doctor as the source of information. Among elders that had not received the vaccine, 83.2% were explicit about not wanting to take it. The main reasons were fear of adverse effects and disbelief in the vaccine's effectiveness. However, the actual prevalence of adverse effects was low. Age, smoking, and lack of a doctor's appointment in the previous year were independently associated with vaccine non-compliance. The results show that improvements are needed in the immunization campaign, especially targeting elders less than 70 years of age and smokers.
Barreiras na realização da colpocitologia oncótica: um inquérito domiciliar na área de abrangência da Saúde da Família de Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Rafael Ricardo de Mattos Russo , Moura Anna Tereza Miranda Soares de
Published: June 2010

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as barreiras impeditivas do acesso ao rastreio do câncer do colo uterino no âmbito da Saúde da Família do Município de Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Por meio de um inquérito domiciliar foram entrevistadas 281 mulheres com idades entre 20 e 59 anos. Para avaliação das barreiras de acesso ao exame, utilizou-se a versão em português do instrumento Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). O medo relacionado ao resultado do exame (39,85%; IC95%: 34,09-45,61) e ao profissional examinador (31,31%; IC95%: 25,86-36,77), a vergonha (39,85%; IC95%: 34,09-45,61) e o esquecimento relacionado ao agendamento do exame (32,02%; IC95%: 26,53-37,51) foram referidos como as principais barreiras impeditivas do acesso. Como os fatores de impedimento variaram de acordo com as características sociodemográficas da população, acredita-se que a estruturação das práticas de rastreio da doença deve ser pautada na realidade territorial.
Influence of a precepitator on bioremedial processes
Authors: Njezic Zvonko , Vojnovic-Miloradov Mirjana , Palic Dragan , Cvetkovic Biljana , Zivkovic Jasmina
Published: June 2010

Natural environment represents a dynamic bioreactor with numerous chemical, biochemical and microbiological processes through which harmful materials are destroyed, so that living organisms and human beings are not endanger. Controlled anthropogenic actions can assist the natural ecosystem to become an efficient bioremedial unit and to reduce the level of effluents produced in the biotechnological transformations during massive food production. In this study, a monitoring system for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the heavy metal levels in water was established, followed by construction and building of a precipitator in order to prevent discharging of sludge. The results contribute to the hypothesis of existence of in situ bioremedial processes in the observed ecosystem. The significant influence of the precipitator on the decrease of pollution was demonstrated: a decrease of both the COD value and the heavy metal levels downstream from the precipitator for about 15%. Therefore it can be concluded that the precipitator significantly contributes to the ecosystem by the reduction of pollutant level.
Reconciliation with oneself and with others: From approach to model
Authors: Nikolic-Ristanovic Vesna , Srna Jelena
Published: June 2010

The paper intends to present the approach to dealing with war and its consequences which was developed within Victimology Society of Serbia over the last five years, in the framework of Association Joint Action for Truth and Reconciliation (ZAIP). First, the short review of the Association and the process through which ZAIP approach to dealing with a past was developed is presented. Then, the detailed description of the approach itself, with identification of its most important specificities, is presented. In the conclusion, next steps, aimed at development of the model of reconciliation which will have the basis in ZAIP approach and which will be appropriate to social context of Serbia and its surrounding, are suggested.
Research about the most adequate forms of remembering the past and ways of establishing trust in the former Yugoslavia
Authors: Petrovic Nikola
Published: June 2010

The results of three action studies conducted by the Victimiology Society of Serbia with the aim to raise awareness of Serbian citizens about truth and reconciliation, as well as to examine the attitudes of citizens about the best forms of remembering the past and ways of establishing trust between the different political and ideological groups in Serbia and between the citizens of the member states of the former Yugoslavia, will be presented in this paper. The research was carried out in the period 2002-2010. The first analysis was done on the questionnaires gathered in the period 2002-2004, the second for the period 2004-2009 and the third research was conducted in 2010. A total of 325 filled questionnaires were collected and 3031 informational brochures were handed out. Awareness of the citizens about this issue was raised, and a large number of useful suggestions about the best forms of remembering the past and ways of regaining trust were gathered.
War veterans as peace builders
Authors: Kostic Novica
Published: June 2010

In the period from 1991. to 1999. over 1500000 people in former Yugoslavia were members of dozens military formations that participated in the war in different manners and with various motives. These persons have actively contributed to the tragedy caused by war, that was and for some time will be the most important factor of social and personal relationships between individuals and the nations in the member states of former Yugoslavia. They are now left on their own and exposed to manipulation by nationalist centers and certain politicians. Because of their wartime past, they are usually depicted as the carriers of nationalistic and warmongering ideas on the 'other' side. However, viewed from the aspect of peace-building, ex-soldiers represent a significant potential, because many of them, in fact, have a need to contribute to building a more just society and feel responsible for what happened. In this paper it is discussed how some war veterans decided to join forces and contribute to the reconciliation in the former Yugoslavia by their joint activities.
Painting or relief: The ideal icon in iconophile writing in Byzantium
Authors: Pentcheva Bissera
Published: June 2010

This text is focused on the transformation of the definition of the icon in Byzantine image theory from an identification of graphe with painting in the writings of John of Damascus (ca. 675-754) to the equation of graphe with typos understood as the imprint of an intaglio on matter in the theory of Theodore Studies (759-826). The virtues of painting, therefore, are that its masters see their works admired and feel themselves to be almost like the Creator. Is it not true that painting is the mistress of all the arts or their principal ornament? If I am not mistaken, the architect took from the painter architrave's, capitals, bases, columns and pediments, and all other fine features of buildings. The stonemason, the sculptor, and all the workshops and crafts of artificers are guided by the rule and art of the painter. Indeed hardly any art, except the very meanest, can be found that does not somehow pertain to painting. So I would venture to assert that whatever beauty there is in things, it has been derived from painting.
Zur Restaurierungstätigkeit des Michael Dukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes im Pammakaristoskloster und zur Erbauungszeit des Parekklesions
Authors: Effenberger Arne
Published: June 2010

(nemacki) Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Datierung des Pammakristosklosters einer der wichtigsten religi?sen Stiftungen im spatbyzantinischen Konstantinopel. Anhand schriftlicher und bildlicher Quellen wird gezeigt dass die Baut?tigkeit des Michael Tarchaneiotes im Pammakaristoskloster sp?testens 1281 abgeschlossen war, wohingegen das Parekklesion zwischen 1302 und 1304 errichtet wurde, als Michael den Rang eines Protostrators innehatte. ?berpr?ft wird auch die Datierung des Narthex (Esonarthex). Diesen Teil der Kirche hatte Michael entweder von Grund auf neu errichten oder nur die Fassade im palaiologischen Stil erneuern lassen.
On the frescoes of the Bela crkva (white Church) of karan and the contemporary painting of Raska
Authors: Vojvodic Dragan
Published: June 2010

The results of a more careful examination of the painting in Raska from the period of the king and later, of the emperor, Stefan Dusan (1331-1355) render untenable the earlier assessments about its strikingly provincial character and negligible artistic value. The fragmentarily preserved painting of the exonarthex in Djurdjevi stupovi, in Budimlja (spring 1343 - autumn 1345), and St. Nikola in Palez near Studenica (probably the fifth decade of the 14th century), undoubtedly indicate a highly progressive style and very high artistic value. According to their pictorial features, these two monuments are no less sophisticated than the most advanced fresco ensembles of Dusan's times in Macedonia. Besides that, in the painting of the Budimlja exonarthex and the church in Palez, one can also perceive certain iconographic and programmatic novelties, which are characteristic of churches from that period in the south eastern parts of the Serbian state (the Menologion, the elevation of the rulers' portraits to the second zone of the fresco paintings, etc). The coordination of the iconography and the programme with the principles of the Palaiologan high renaissance can also be observed in the fresco painting of some other monuments of Raska from the reign of Stefan Dusan. We refer to the Church of the Annunciation in Dobrun, the exonarthex in Sopocani, the Chuch of St. Nicholas in Baljevac, the so-called Latin Church in Prokuplje, and St. Nicholas in Usee. In the majority of the said monuments, one can notice traces of the rather lively cultural relations with the central and southern parts of the expanded Serbian state. Nevertheless, the painting in the enumerated churches has been only fragmentarily preserved. Consequently, considerations about the fresco painting of the Bela Crkva Karanska (the White Church of Karan) as a rather well preserved monumental ensemble, acquires particular significance for art research in the north western part of Dusan's state.
Two unpublished icons of the Kastoria school
Authors: Sisiu Janis
Published: June 2010

The paper is dealing with two unpublished icons from the Byzantine museum of Kastoria: Royal door with the Annunciation (nr. 434; ca. 1400) and St. Nicholas with scenes of his Life (nr. 39; the end of 14th century).
Novsestva v russkoj ikonografii konca XIV - nacala XV veka - Obscevizantijskie processy i ih lokal'nye varianty
Authors: Smirnova Engelina
Published: June 2010

(ruski) Pokojnyj kollega Ivan Dzordzevin obladal sirokim naucnym krugozorom i interesovalsja mnogimi ?tapami v istorii hudozestvennoj kul'tury Vizantii vkljucaja paleologovskij period. V predlagaemoj zametke, posvjascennoj ego pamjati, rec' pojdet o jarkih novsestvah v sfere ikonografii, voznikavsih na Rusi v pozdnepaleologovskij period. Oni svidetel'stvujut o bol'som tvorceskom potenciale vsej pozdnevizantijskoj kul'tury, kotoryj posvoemu projavilsja na Rusi.
Short-Term Overfeeding May Induce Peripheral Insulin Resistance Without Altering Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Humans
Authors: Tam Charmaine S. , Viardot Alexander , Clément Karine , Tordjman Joan , Tonks Katherine , Greenfield Jerry R. , Campbell Lesley V. , Samocha-Bonet Dorit , Heilbronn Leonie K.
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a feature of obesity and is postulated to be causal in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess whether overfeeding induces peripheral insulin resistance in lean and overweight humans, and, if so, whether it is associated with increased systemic and adipose tissue inflammation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty-six healthy individuals undertook 28 days of overfeeding by +1,250 kcal/day (45% fat). Weight, body composition, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), serum and gene expression of inflammation markers, immune cell activation, fat cell size, macrophage and T-cell numbers in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry) were assessed at baseline and after 28 days.

RESULTS

Subjects gained 2.7 ± 1.6 kg (P < 0.001) and increased fat mass by 1.1 ± 1.6% (P < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity decreased by 11% from 54.6 ± 18.7 to 48.9 ± 15.7 μmol/(kg of FFM)/min (P = 0.01). There was a significant increase in circulating C-reactive protein (P = 0.002) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.01), but no change in interleukin-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. There were no changes in fat cell size, the number of adipose tissue macrophages or T-cells, or inflammatory gene expression and no change in circulating immune cell number or expression of their surface activation markers after overfeeding.

CONCLUSIONS

Weight gain-induced insulin resistance was observed in the absence of a significant inflammatory state, suggesting that inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue occurs subsequent to peripheral insulin resistance in humans.
Extraction of trace acetylspiramycin in real aqueous environments using aqueous two-phase system of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and phosphate
Authors: Wang Yun , Han Juan , Xie Xue-qiao , Li Chun-xiang
Published: June 2010

The partitioning of acetylspiramycin was carried out in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) formed by a hydrophilic ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoraborate, [Bmim]BF4) and NaH2PO4. This ATPS is a simple, non-toxic and effective sample pretreatment technique, which was developed for the simultaneous separation, enrichment and rapid analysis of acetylspiramycin coupled with molecular fluorescence spectrophotometry. Analysis of the liquid-liquid equilibrium of [Bmim]BF4-salt ATPS demonstrated that the salting-out ability of different salts may be related to the Gibbs energy of hydration of the ions. The effects of types of salts, concentration of NaH2PO4, and temperature were analysed. Under optimum conditions, the average extraction efficiency and partition coefficient were 90.14% and 91.1, respectively. Thermodynamic functions provide some information about the molecular mechanism involved in acetylspiramycin transfer to the top phase, suggesting an important acetylspiramycin-[Bmim]BF4 interaction. The method yielded a linear range in the concentration from 1.0 to 10.0 µg mL−1 of acetylspiramycin, and the limit of detection was 0.02 µg mL−1. This method could be successfully applied for the analysis of acetylspiramycin in lake water, river water and groundwater. The proposed extraction technique appears to be suitable as a first step for the separation of macrolide antibiotics from real aqueous environments.
On the analytic properties of the S-matrix for the unknown interactions surrounded by centrifugal and rapidly decreasing potentials
Authors: Olkhovsky Vladislav
Published: June 2010

The analytic structure of the non-relativistic unitary and non-unitary S-matrix is investigated for the cases of the unknown interactions with the unknown motion equations inside a sphere of radius a, surrounded by the centrifugal and rapidly decreasing (exponentially or by the Yukawian law or by the more rapidly decreasing) potentials. The one-channel case and special examples of many-channel cases are considered. Some kinds of symmetry conditions are imposed. The Schroedinger equation for r > a for the particle motion and the condition of the completeness of the correspondent wave functions are assumed. The connection of the obtained results with the usual (temporal) causality is examined. Finally a scientific program is presented as a clear continuation and extension of the obtained results.
Beam deflection and splitting using transformation optics
Authors: Yu Guan , Jiang Wei , Cui Tie
Published: June 2010

We propose a scheme to achieve beam defecting and splitting using a method of embedded coordinate transformation [1]. In this method one boundary of transformation region is not involved in the transformation, which means beam defecting and splitting can be realized by changing the geometric construction. Although there is a discontinuous boundary, the impendence is matched between transformation media and surrounding media according to the conventional transformation optics. Full-wave numerical simulations further verify the theoretical analysis.
Th and U fission barriers within the Woods-Saxon two center shell model
Authors: Mirea Mihail , Tassan-Got Laurent
Published: June 2010

Fission barriers of actinides are calculated in the framework of the macroscopic-microscopic method. The single particle energies are obtained within a new version of the Woods-Saxon two-center shell model. A nuclear shape parametrization characterized by five degrees of freedom is used. The barriers are calculated along the minimal action trajectory in the configuration space and the inertia is evaluated within the cranking formalism. The reliability of the model is tested by comparing the theoretical results with values deduced from experimental data.
Vegetative growth of Umbrella Leaf Palm, Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata in Angsi Forest Reserve, Malaysia
Authors: Rozainah M. Z. , Sinniah U. R.
Published: June 2010

A study of an acaulescent palm, Johannesteijsmannia  lanceolata J. Dransfield was carried out in Angsi Forest Reserve Negeri Sembilan Malaysia for a period of 19 months A total of 32 adults, 24 juveniles and 32 seedlings from 3 different plots were censused every two weeks. The results showed that the average numbers of new leaves entering the crown with in the study period (19months) were: 3.3, 2.6 and 1.3 for 2.1, 1.6 and 0.8 leaves per year for adult juvenile and seedling, respectively. From the calculation it was discovered that the time spent by each leaf in the crown before it died was 8.8 years for adult and 8.4 years for juvenile. Key words: Johannesteijsmannia; Growth rate; Vegetative phenology; Arecaceae doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3190 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 11-20, 2005
Indirect methods of identifying mammals: a case study from Shivapuri National Park, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha B. , Basnet K.
Published: June 2010

The main objective of this study was to explore diversity of mammalian species in Shivapuri national Park (ShNP) through indirect method. Specific objectives were (i) to identify and describe characteristic features of different signs as key to species identification, and (ii) to determine occurrence and abundance of mammalian species based on the signs. Survey was conducted by walking through fixed 11 transect lines of total 229 km long, collecting and recording of footprints, feces, scrapes, scratches, shelters of burrows, calls and quills of mammals. Altogether 344 indirect signs were collected and observed through fixed transect lines and 25 signs through random searching of mammals from Kakani, Panimuhan, Shivapuri Peak, Baghdwar, Sundarijal, Chisapani and Manichur in ShNP. Basic characteristics of identified signs of different mamals as key to their identification have been described. The occurrence of species was confirmed through indirect signs and abundance was estimated on the basis of encounter rate (number/km/day) and relative frequency percentage of the signs. Among 20 species, 18 species belonging to six orderas and 14 families were recorded confirming by different indirect validation techniques. The study also identified large civet, a new record for ShNP. The highest percentage relative frequency (35%) and encounter rate (0.53/km) of signs of wild boar and house rat implied these species were the most abundant mammals in the park. This was followed by barking dear (17% and 0.26), common leopard (17% and 0.25), jungle cat (9.6% and 0.14), Himalayan squirrel and rhesus monkey, which were intermediate in abundance. Himalayan goral (6.7% and 0.10), Indian hare (4.3% and 0.06), yellow throated marten (4% and 0.06), golden jackal (3.5% and 0.05), large civit (2.6% and 0.04), black bear (0.3% and 0.004), Chinese pangolin, hanumal langur, royel's pika, porcupine and small mongoose were the least abundant species. Key words: Mammals; Identification; Footprints; scrapes; Feces; Shelters doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3196 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 43-58, 2005
Allelopathic influence of leaf residue of Amaranthus spinosus on growth and metabolism of Parthenium hysterophorus L.
Authors: Thapar Riti , Singh N B
Published: June 2010

The effect of leaf residue of Amaranthus spinosus L. on the growth and metabolism of Parthenium hysterophorus L. was studied in pot culture. The leaf residue of Amaranthus spinosus inhibited the height of the plant, length of the leaves and number of branches, capitula and seeds per plant. The total sugar was decreased in different treatments with maximum reduction (25.37%) in leaf of Parthenium plants with T2 treatment. The accumulation of organic acids reveals that respiration was hampered in tested plants. Increase in the amino acids might be adaptation of plant in environmental stress. The altered metabolism results in inhibited growth in Parthenium. The leaf residue of Amaranthus spinosus may be used as a potent bioherbicide. Key words: Amaranthus spinosus; Amino acid; Chlorophyll; Lipid; Organic acid doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3203 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 77-84, 2005
Antifungal efficacy of Zanthoxylum oil against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem.
Authors: Manandhar Anshu , Tiwari R. D.
Published: June 2010

Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. is the most economically important foliar blight pathogen of wheat in all warm zones. Essential oil of Zanthoxylum armatum D.C. was used to determine its efficacy against Bipolaris sorokiniana by calculating the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The oil showed 25, 37.8, 42.8, 75, 84.5 and 100 percent inhibition of mycelial growth at 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0 μl ml-1 ppm concentrations of essential oil against the test fungus, respectively. Keywords: Essential oil, fungitoxicity doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3206 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 91-93, 2005
Deleterious phases resulting from the induction bending of thick-walled super-duplex pipework
Authors: Collie Graeme , Black Ian , Byrne Glynn , Francis Roger
Published: June 2010

Temper free induction bending can have a significant impact on the mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties of thick-walled super duplex pipe. Sections from induction bent pipe were solution annealed at 1 120 °C for various periods to sequentially eliminate different deleterious phases. By comparing the results of modified DL-EPR analysis, optical microscopy, mechanical and corrosion testing before and after the various heat treatments, it was shown that the deterioration in properties was due to the precipitation of α′. It was also possible to determine the order in which α′, γ2 and Cr2N had precipitated, and thus to conclude that the unfavourable metallurgy was the result of inadequate post-bend cooling. A likely thermal history for the pipe is proposed that leads to the description of a modified temper free process.
Investigation of the atomic structure of molten As–Se alloys using X-ray diffraction
Authors: Knott Sabine , Gruner Sascha , Krone René , Marczinke Jennifer , Mikula Adolf , Hoyer Walter
Published: June 2010

An X-ray diffraction study on liquid As – Se alloys is reported. The average co-ordination number and the mean distance of nearest neighbour atoms obtained from the diffraction experiments and their relation to the composition of the alloy are in good agreement with earlier neutron diffraction results. After applying a model of micro-heterogeneous alloys it is suggested that As – Se alloys with less than 40 at.% As consist of structural units of As40Se60 stoichiometry in a matrix of Se-like structure. An assumption on the local arrangement of the nearest neighbours is deduced.
A theoretical approach to the elastic behaviour of compact and hollow spherical particles reinforced metal-matrix composites
Authors: Botas José D. , Velhinho Alexandre , Silva Rui J. C.
Published: June 2010

Current technology provides means of fabrication of spherical micro-particles, either hollow or compact, for all sorts of engineering materials. Such spherical particles can be further embedded into another material to build up either random dispersions or close-packed arrays, according to the production route and the degree of anisotropy intended for the ultimate composite material. In this study, a simple analytical formula for the composite stiffness is derived from an early micromechanics model to describe the actual reinforcement of ductile matrices by a random dispersion of uniform spherical ceramic particles. Predictions from this model are checked against some other relevant models, and specific features arising from its theoretical derivation are pointed out. The basic model can also predict the stiffness of syntactic composites, whose reinforcements are hollow microsphere dispersions. An application of this new model is demonstrated for the assessment of the ductility of brittle composites reinforced by compact spherical particles.