bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Optical 13C Hyperpolarization in Diamond Treated by High‐Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Gierth Max , Krespach Valentin , Shames Alexander I. , Raghavan Priyanka , Druga Emanuel , Nunn Nicholas , Torelli Marco , Nirodi Ruhee , Le Susan , Zhao Richard , Aguilar Alessandra , Lv Xudong , Shen Mengze , Meriles Carlos A. , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Zaitsev Alexander , Pines Alexander , Shenderova Olga , Ajoy Ashok
Published: October 2020

Methods of optical dynamic nuclear polarization open the door to the replenishable hyperpolarization of nuclear spins, boosting their nuclear magnetic resonance/imaging signatures by orders of magnitude. Nanodiamond powder rich in negatively charged nitrogen vacancy defect centers has recently emerged as one such promising platform, wherein 13C nuclei can be hyperpolarized through the optically pumped defects completely at room temperature. Given the compelling possibility of relaying this 13C polarization to nuclei in external liquids, there is an urgent need for the engineered production of highly “hyperpolarizable” diamond particles. Here, a systematic study of various material dimensions affecting optical 13C hyperpolarization in diamond particles is reported on. It is discovered surprisingly that diamond annealing at elevated temperatures ∼1720 °C has remarkable effects on the hyperpolarization levels enhancing them by above an order of magnitude over materials annealed through conventional means. It is demonstrated these gains arise from a simultaneous improvement in NV− electron relaxation/coherence times, as well as the reduction of paramagnetic content, and an increase in 13C relaxation lifetimes. This work suggests methods for the guided materials production of fluorescent, 13C hyperpolarized, nanodiamonds and pathways for their use as multimodal (optical and magnetic resonance) imaging and hyperpolarization agents.
Radio resource management for large constellations in a spectrum sharing environment
Authors: Re Emiliano , Murrell Andrew , Roques Damien
Published: October 2020

In the last five years, the satellite community has witnessed growing interest in the delivery of Broadband Services from non‐geostationary orbit (NGSO) systems. However, accessing the entire spectrum available without having to share it among the different operators is key for these systems to have a chance of breaking even, which makes for a challenging business case. This paper focuses on the challenges of spectrum coexistence of multiple satellite constellations for broadband communications and proposes a radio resource management algorithm to enable such coexistence.
Analysis of the composition of tantalum nitride in CMOS metallization trenches using parallel angle‐resolved XPS
Authors: Wehring Bettina , Gerlich Lukas , Kia Alireza M. , Wislicenus Marcus , Uhlig Benjamin
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate the utilization of parallel angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (pAR‐XPS) as a useful tool to analyze ultrathin sputtered tantalum nitride (TaN) thin films in complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) trenches. The chemical composition of TaN was estimated by pAR‐XPS using a Theta 300i from Thermo Fischer. An improved lateral resolution was achieved by analyzing periodic structures. The XPS data was correlated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) data. The results show that the nitrogen content in the TaN thin films was about 6% higher at the sidewall compared with the top and bottom of the trench.
Mulberry‐Inspired Nickel‐Niobium Phosphide on Plasma‐Defect‐Engineered Carbon Support for High‐Performance Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Dongliang , Xu Zhenmiao , Chen Wei , Chen Guangliang , Huang Jun , Song Changsheng , Zheng Kun , Zhang Zhaoxia , Hu Xianpeng , Choi Ho‐Suk , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: October 2020

Bimetallic phosphate electrocatalysts on carbon‐cloth support are among the most promising industry‐relevant solutions for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. To address the persistent issue of hetero‐phase interfacing on carbon support while ensuring high activity and stability, a low‐cost, high‐performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst is developed. Bi‐phase Ni12P5‐Ni4Nb5P4 nanocrystals with rich heterointerfaces and phase edges are successfully fabricated on carbon cloth (CC), which is enabled by intentional defect creation by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma (PCC). The obtained Ni12P5‐Ni4Nb5P4/PCC electrocatalyst exhibits excellent HER performance, heralded by the low overpotentials of 81 and 287 mV for delivering current densities of 10 (j10) and 500 (j500) mA cm−2, respectively. Meanwhile, the Ni12P5‐Ni4Nb5P4/PCC maintains spectacular catalytic activity at high current density region (>j615), which outperformed the industry‐relevant benchmark Pt/C/PCC catalyst. The catalyst grown on the plasma‐treated support shows remarkably longer operation and ultra‐stable electrocatalytic characteristics over 100 h continuous operation. Ab initio numerical simulations reveal that Ni atoms exposed in the heterointerfaces act as the main catalytically active centers for HER.
Redescription and phylogenetic affinities of the caimanine Eocaiman cavernensis (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the Eocene of Argentina
Authors: Godoy Pedro L. , Cidade Giovanne M. , Montefeltro Felipe C. , Langer Max C. , Norell Mark A.
Published: October 2020

Caimaninae is one of the few crocodylian lineages that still has living representatives. Today, most of its six extant species are restricted to South and Central America. However, recent discoveries have revealed a more complex evolutionary history, with a fossil record richer than previously thought and a possible North American origin. Among the oldest caimanines is Eocaiman cavernensis, from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina. It was described by George G. Simpson in the 1930s, representing the first caimanine reported for the Palaeogene. Since then, E. cavernensis has been ubiquitous in phylogenetic studies on the group, but a more detailed morphological description and revision of the taxon were lacking. Here, we present a reassessment of E. cavernensis, based on first‐hand examination and micro‐computed tomography of the holotype, and reinterpret different aspects of its morphology. We explore the phylogenetic affinities of E. cavernensis and other caimanines using parsimony and Bayesian inference approaches. Our results provide evidence for a monophyletic Eocaiman genus within Caimaninae, even though some highly incomplete taxa (including the congeneric Eocaiman itaboraiensis) represent significant sources of phylogenetic instability. We also found Culebrasuchus mesoamericanus as sister to all other caimanines and the North American globidontans (i.e. Brachychampsa and closer relatives) outside Caimaninae. A time‐calibrated tree, obtained using a fossilized birth–death model, shows a possible Campanian origin for the group (76.97 ± 6.7 Ma), which is older than the age estimated using molecular data, and suggests that the earliest cladogenetic events of caimanines took place rapidly and across the K–Pg boundary.
Generic boundaries in subtribe Saussureinae (Compositae: Cardueae): Insights from Hyb‐Seq data
Authors: Herrando‐Moraira Sonia ,   The Cardueae Radiations Group (in alphabetical order), Calleja Juan‐Antonio , Chen You‐Sheng , Fujikawa Kazumi , Galbany‐Casals Mercè , Garcia‐Jacas Núria , Kim Seung‐Chul , Liu Jian‐Quan , López‐Alvarado Javier , López‐Pujol Jordi , Mandel Jennifer R. , Mehregan Iraj , Roquet Cristina , Sennikov Alexander N. , Susanna Alfonso , Vilatersana Roser , Xu Lian‐Sheng
Published: October 2020

The subtribe Saussureinae is a highly speciose group with more than 600 species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and is particularly species‐rich at the high mountains of central and eastern Asia. Saussurea and Jurinea are the two main genera described within the subtribe. However, up to 15 satellite genera are recognized in some recent taxonomic treatments with an analytical viewpoint. For the first time, we carried out a complete sampling to clarify generic boundaries based on a well‐resolved phylogeny of Saussureinae. We employed a Hyb‐Seq technique that targets 1061 nuclear conserved ortholog loci designed for Compositae. After a filtering of potential paralogs, 588 loci were retained to infer phylogenetic trees under concatenation and coalescence approaches. High branch support resolution was recovered at the generic level, but a non‐monophyletic pattern was detected for most of the genera as they are currently circumscribed. Accordingly, we propose a new generic delimitation based on the three main clades recovered in the backbone tree, which are also in agreement with morphological evidence: Dolomiaea, Saussurea, and Jurinea. Following this classification into three genera, 18 new combinations are proposed. This new genus delineation will be used as a basis for future evolutionary studies in the Saussureinae.
Diagnosis of trace elements’ mobility adsorbed by sediments in urban environments
Authors: Juchen Carlos Roberto , Juchen Patricia Trevisani , Hemkemeier Thiago Alex , Juchen Rodrigo Trevisani
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to demonstrate how quickly sediments can move in the urban environment carrying concentrations of trace elements adsorbed. To achieve this goal, the concentration of trace elements (Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in the street and river sediments were determined in two micro‐hydrographic basins of Toledo city in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The methodology used suitable equipment for the sediments collected, and the analytical determination was performed only with sediments fractions smaller than 63 μm by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results of trace element concentrations were submitted to a correlational statistical analysis, evaluating the rainfall influence in the movement of these sediments. The study concluded that trace elements are adsorbed by street's sediments and quickly carried by surface flow to the rivers that drain these areas. This process was facilitated by waterproofed surfaces. Therefore, the study showed that monitoring must be systematic to observe the mobility of trace elements in urban environments.
A note on membrane interactions and the scalar potential
Authors: Herraez Alvaro
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We compute the tree-level potential between two parallelp-branes due to the exchange of scalars, gravitons and (p+1)-forms. In the case of BPS membranes in 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supergravity, this provides an interesting reinterpretation of the classical Cremmer et al. formula for the F-term scalar potential in terms of scalar, graviton and 3-form exchange. In this way, we present a correspondence between the scalar potential at every point in scalar field space and a system of two interacting BPS membranes. This could potentially lead to interesting implications for the Swampland Program by providing a concrete way to relate conjectures about the form of scalar potentials with conjectures regarding the spectrum of charged objects.
Thrombus Histology of Basilar Artery Occlusions
Authors: Berndt M. , Poppert H. , Steiger K. , Pelisek J. , Oberdieck P. , Maegerlein C. , Zimmer C. , Wunderlich S. , Friedrich B. , Boeckh-Behrens T. , Ikenberg B.
Published: October 2020

Background

For patients with acute vessel occlusions of the anterior circulation histopathology of retrieved cerebral thrombi has been reported to be associated to stroke etiology. Due to the relatively small incidence of posterior circulation stroke, exclusive histopathologic analyses are missing for this subgroup. The aim of the study was to investigate thrombus histology for patients with basilar artery occlusions and uncover differences to anterior circulation clots with respect to underlying etiology.

Methods

A total of 59 basilar thrombi were collected during intracranial mechanical recanalization and quantitatively analyzed in terms of their relative fractions of the main constituents, e.g. fibrin/platelets (F/P), red (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC). Data were compared to histopathological analyses of 122 thrombi of the anterior circulation with respect to underlying pathogenesis.

Results

The composition of basilar thrombi differed significantly to thrombi of the anterior circulation with an overall higher RBC amount (median fraction in % (interquartile range):0.48 (0.37–0.69) vs. 0.37 (0.28–0.50), p < 0.001) and lower F/P count (0.45 (0.21–0.58) vs. 0.57 (0.44–0.66), p < 0.001). Basilar thrombi composition did not differ between the different etiological stroke subgroups.

Conclusion

The results depict a differing thrombus composition of basilar thrombi in comparison to anterior circulation clots with an overall higher amount of RBC. This may reflect different pathophysiologic processes between anterior and posterior circulation thrombogenesis, e.g. a larger proportion of appositional thrombus growth in the posterior circulation.
From bedside to battlefield: intersection of ketone body mechanisms in geroscience with military resilience
Authors: Stubbs Brianna J. , Koutnik Andrew P. , Volek Jeff S. , Newman John C.
Published: October 2020

Ketone bodies are endogenous metabolites that are linked to multiple mechanisms of aging and resilience. They are produced by the body when glucose availability is low, including during fasting and dietary carbohydrate restriction, but also can be consumed as exogenous ketone compounds. Along with supplying energy to peripheral tissues such as brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, they increasingly are understood to have drug-like protein binding activities that regulate inflammation, epigenetics, and other cellular processes. While these energy and signaling mechanisms of ketone bodies are currently being studied in a variety of aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, they may also be relevant to military service members undergoing stressors that mimic or accelerate aging pathways, particularly traumatic brain injury and muscle rehabilitation and recovery. Here we summarize the biology of ketone bodies relevant to resilience and rehabilitation, strategies for translational use of ketone bodies, and current clinical investigations in this area.
A terrestrial Devonian-Carboniferous boundary section in East Greenland
Authors: Marshall John E. A.
Published: October 2020

Terrestrial Devonian-Carboniferous boundary sections are present in the East Greenland Devonian Basin. The boundary section on Stensiö Bjerg developed in deep, distal lake sediments with a pair of lakes representing the boundary. A diverse spore assemblage developed as the lake flooded the basin. Previously abundant spores, notablyRetispora lepidophyta,Diducitesspp.,Rugospora radiataand all forms with bifurcate tips (AncyrosporaandHystricosporites), then became extinct through just over a metre of section. The spore assemblage is then lost into AOM rich very high TOC% lake sediments. There is a negative δ13CTOCexcursion in the Stensiö Bjerg section interpreted to represent the upper part of the positive excursion known from marine sections. The upper lake contains the simple VI spore assemblage of the earliest Carboniferous age. The correlative section on Rebild Bakker was developed in shallow proximal facies without AOM and shows that a Devonian-Carboniferous LN* to VI spore zone boundary can be picked in the lower lake based on the last occurrence ofRetispora lepidophytain an assemblage otherwise dominated by simple spores andGrandispora cornuta. Spores in this VI spore assemblage, particularlyGrandispora cornuta, show sculpture malformation that is entirely characteristic of UV-B radiation damage to their DNA prior to deposition of its protective wall layer. This palynological record showing the rapid extinction of major elements within the Late Devonian microflora can be reconciled with accounts claiming there was no mass extinction of plants and spores across the boundary. The palaeobiology of the major spore groups that became extinct is reviewed.
Limitations of the Recall Capabilities in Delay-Based Reservoir Computing Systems
Authors: Köster Felix , Ehlert Dominik , Lüdge Kathy
Published: October 2020

We analyse the memory capacity of a delay-based reservoir computer with a Hopf normal form as nonlinearity and numerically compute the linear as well as the higher order recall capabilities. A possible physical realization could be a laser with external cavity, for which the information is fed via electrical injection. A task-independent quantification of the computational capability of the reservoir system is done via a complete orthonormal set of basis functions. Our results suggest that even for constant readout dimension the total memory capacity is dependent on the ratio between the information input period, also called the clock cycle, and the time delay in the system. Optimal performance is found for a time delay about 1.6 times the clock cycle.
Arbeitsgestaltung als Informationsmanagement
Authors: Hacker Winfried
Published: October 2020

Mit dem Verbreiten vernetzter digitaler Arbeitsmittel in der Erwerbsarbeit wächst die Häufigkeit der Klagen über Informationsüberlastung, die mit Leistungs- und Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen einhergehen kann. Zur Vermeidung ist das systematische präventive Gestalten des Informationsflusses erforderlich. Dazu gehören: Unterscheiden zwischen der für die Auftragserfüllung erforderlichen Information und auftragsirrelevanten, störenden Daten; Anbieten der erforderlichen Information in einer für die Handlungsregulation geeigneten Darstellung; eine Arbeitsorganisation (insbes. Arbeitsteilung) sowie Medienwahl, die den erforderlichen Informationsfluss verringern; sowie das Auswählen bzw. Entwickeln informationstechnischer Systeme, die anforderungsgerechte, „gebrauchstaugliche“ Information vermitteln. Hilfsmittel dafür werden skizziert.

Praktische Relevanz: Informationstechnologien nehmen sowohl im Büro- als auch im Produktionsbereich beständig zu. Diese Tatsache erfordert eine menschengerechte und ergonomische Gestaltung des Informationsmanagements, wozu dieser Artikel einen Beitrag leistet.
Optimale nichtlineare Tarife auf zweiseitigen Medien-Märkten
Authors: Becker Frauke , Gedenk Karen
Published: October 2020

Medien-Unternehmen wie Zeitungsverlage und Messeveranstalter sehen sich in der Preispolitik zwei großen Herausforderungen gegenüber: Zum einen agieren sie auf zweiseitigen Märkten und sollten als Plattformen ihre Preise auf beiden Marktseiten gleichzeitig optimieren. Zum anderen hängt die Nutzungsmenge ihrer Kunden vom Preis ab, sodass die Plattformen von nichtlinearen Tarifen profitieren können. Die Autoren entwickeln ein Entscheidungsunterstützungs-System für nichtlineare Tarife in einem zweiseitigen Markt und wenden es auf eine Messe an. Sie messen Zahlungsbereitschaften von Ausstellern und Besuchern und schätzen jeweils Segment-spezifische Zahlungsbereitschafts-Funktionen. Die Optimierung ergibt, dass die Messegesellschaft ihren Deckungsbeitrag durch den Einsatz von zweiteiligen Tarifen stark steigern kann. Zudem sollte die Messe relativ hohe Preise für Aussteller setzen und ihren Deckungsbeitrag vor allem auf dieser Seite des Marktes erwirtschaften.
‘If they weren’t in the Pub, they Probably wouldn’t Even Know each Other’: Alcohol, Sociability and Pub Based Leisure
Authors: Thurnell-Read Thomas
Published: October 2020

While the form and function of pubs is diverse and has changed over time, there remains an at least notional consensus that the pub plays an important social function by providing a place for people to come together in pleasurable and meaningful social interaction. Drawing on qualitative research involving focus groups with pub goers and interviews with pub staff, this paper examines the forms of sociability that take place in UK pubs. Pubs are shown to be sites for varied social interactions which differ in form, intensity and meaning. This includes regular pub going rooted in customer routines but also occasional pub going linked to a wider range of events and associated leisure activities. A common theme across these forms of pub sociability is the value placed on feelings of social connections provided by different forms of social interaction and sociability which are facilitated by the hospitable atmospheres many pubs offer. Pubs are therefore cast as important sites through which various forms of sociability are enacted and enabled. The article contributes to ongoing debates about the social role of alcohol based leisure practises but also stresses the decentring of intoxication apparent in many of these accounts and, further, indicates an increasing diversification of pub based leisure.
Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal Size Estimation
Authors: Brenna Morris , Foiadelli Federica , Leone Carola , Longo Michela
Published: October 2020

Many different types of electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies are described in literature and implemented in practical applications. This paper presents an overview of the existing and proposed EV charging technologies in terms of converter topologies, power levels, power flow directions and charging control strategies. An overview of the main charging methods is presented as well, particularly the goal is to highlight an effective and fast charging technique for lithium ions batteries concerning prolonging cell cycle life and retaining high charging efficiency. Once presented the main important aspects of charging technologies and strategies, in the last part of this paper, through the use of genetic algorithm, the optimal size of the charging systems is estimated and, on the base of a sensitive analysis, the possible future trends in this field are finally valued.
Shakespeare, Blackface and Race
Authors: Heijes Coen
Published: October 2020

This Element addresses the topical debate on blackface, race and Othello. With Shakespeare performance studies being rather Anglo-centric, the author explores how this debate has taken a radically different course in the Netherlands, a country historically perceived as tolerant and culturally close to the UK. Through several case studies, including the Van Hove Othello of 2003/2012 and the latest, controversial 2018/2020 Othello, the first main house production with a black actor as Othello, the author analyses the interaction between blackface and (institutional) racism in Dutch society and theatre and how Othello has become an active player in this debate.
Price Determinants of Stock-Type Horses Sold at Public Online Auctions
Authors: Kibler Michelle L. , Thompson Jada M.
Published: October 2020

There is a shift in livestock auction sales in consolidation of live markets and movement toward virtual marketplaces. We examine buyer preferences for nonracing stock-type horses sold through virtual auctions to better understand how animals are sold and their valuation. A shift towards online sales of equine has impacted the number of potential buyers through increased exposure to sale horses. Using data collected from online auctions, we estimate factors influencing propensity to sell as well as price determinants in this market platform. We find many factors contribute to the likelihood of a horse selling and to the final sale price.
Flow field reconstruction method based on array neural network
Authors: Yuqi W. , Wu Y. , Shan L. , Jian Z. , Huiying R. , Tiechui Y. , Menghai K.
Published: October 2020

Multi-dimensional aerodynamic database technology is widely used, but its model often has the curse of dimensionality. In order to solve this problem, we need projection to reduce the dimension. In addition, due to the lack of traditional method, we have improved the traditional flow field reconstruction method based on artificial neural networks, and we proposed an array neural network method.

In this paper, a set of flow field data for the target problem of the fixed Mach number is obtained by the existing CFD method. Then we arrange all the sampled flow field data into a matrix and use proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to reduce the dimension, whose size is determined by the first few modals of energy. Therefore, significantly reduced data are obtained. Then we use an arrayed neural network to map the flow field data of simplified target problem and the flow field characteristics. Finally, the unknown flow field data can be effectively predicted through the flow field characteristic and the trained array neural network.

At the end of this paper, the effectiveness of the method is verified by airfoil flow fields. The calculation results show that the array neural network can reconstruct the flow field of the target problem more accurately than the traditional method, and its convergence speed is significantly faster. In addition, for the case of high angle flow field, the array neural network also performs well. There are no obvious jumps, and huge errors are found in results. In general, the proposed method is better than the traditional method.
Mobilizing Against the Antiglobalization Backlash: An Integrated Framework for Corporate Nonmarket Strategy
Authors: Curran Louise , Eckhardt Jappe
Published: October 2020

In the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and, more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, scepticism on the merits of trade and globalization has increased across several key developed countries. This poses major challenges for multinational enterprises (MNEs) and other trade dependent firms (TDFs). This paper develops a framework to explore corporate nonmarket strategies (NMS) to address this backlash, covering both corporate political activity (CPA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). We firstly provide an overview of the existing research within international economics, business strategy, and international political economy on the antiglobalization backlash and MNEs/TDFs strategy in the face of protectionism. Building on this scholarship, we formulate propositions for CPA and CSR actions, which are likely to be deployed by TDFs in developed economies to counter protectionism and address the criticisms of the antiglobalization movement. On this basis we propose an interdisciplinary analytical framework that can be used to study corporate strategy in times of growing antitrade sentiments. Finally, we provide initial proposals for testing these propositions and highlight the challenges researchers may face when carrying out such research.
Visibility, Contact and Market-Competence: Keys to the Inclusion of People With Intellectual Disabilities in the Lebanese Workplace
Authors: Merhej Rita
Published: October 2020

Background:

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience high unemployment due to external (stigma, parental overprotection and low expectations) and internal (learned helplessness) barriers. Although Lebanon was a pioneer among Arab countries in its legislative and social activism toward inclusion of disabled people, stigma persists and a benevolence model of disability still prevails.

Aims:

This article aims at identifying the needs of people with ID, and proposing directions for future work toward their inclusion in the Lebanese workplace, based on identified needs.

Methodology:

A literature search for articles on ID in Lebanon and national and regional reports on employment of people with ID over the past two decades was performed, excluding all documentation using unclear definitions of ID or focusing on mental illness.

Findings:

Analysis of the literature highlighted the need for more familiarity and contact with, for more visibility of, and more market-competent training for people with ID in Lebanon.

Conclusions and implications:

Prejudice and faulty conceptions of ID can be reduced by increasing visibility of people with ID through increased everyday life contact opportunities. Change is urged at the level of organisational sheltered training to provide a more market-competent training for ensuring proper job placement of people with ID in mainstream labour.
DIMENSIONAL GROUPS AND FIELDS
Authors: WAGNER FRANK O.
Published: October 2020

We shall define a general notion of dimension, and study groups and rings whose interpretable sets carry such a dimension. In particular, we deduce chain conditions for groups, definability results for fields and domains, and show that a pseudofinite$\widetilde {\mathfrak M}_c$-group of finite positive dimension contains a finite-by-abelian subgroup of positive dimension, and a pseudofinite group of dimension 2 contains a soluble subgroup of dimension 2.
STARLIKENESS AND CONVEXITY OF CAUCHY TRANSFORMS ON REGULAR POLYGONS
Authors: ZHANG PENG-FEI , DONG XIN-HAN
Published: October 2020

For
$n\geq 3$
, let
$Q_n\subset \mathbb {C}$
be an arbitrary regular n-sided polygon. We prove that the Cauchy transform
$F_{Q_n}$
of the normalised two-dimensional Lebesgue measure on
$Q_n$
is univalent and starlike but not convex in
$\widehat {\mathbb {C}}\setminus Q_n$
.
THE JAPANESE TROJAN WAR: TEZUKA OSAMU'S ENVISIONING OF THE TROJAN CYCLE
Authors: Peer Ayelet , Greenberg Raz
Published: October 2020

The Trojan cycle has been retold and re-envisioned many times from antiquity to modern times. The themes covered by these myths, especially the Homeric poems, have captivated the minds and hearts of poets, historians, authors, and others. Homer's Iliad extoled the grandeur as well as exposed the ugliness and folly of war. These humanistic virtues resonated with various cultures around the world. In this article we examine the reception of the Trojan cycle, especially the Iliad, on the noted manga artist Tezuka Osamu (1928–89). Recent reception theories focus on the creation of a new composition or artefact as part of the reception process; we shall thus discuss the Phoenix: Early Works manga as an example of such reception.
What’s Wrong with Fakes? Heritage Reconstructions, Authenticity, and Democracy in Post-Disaster Recoveries
Authors: Piazzoni Francesca
Published: October 2020

Natural and human disasters continue to destroy historic urban fabrics worldwide. While residents would often like to see their cities rebuilt “as they were,” most scholars of heritage fiercely reject identical reconstructions by arguing either that they are “fake” simulations, or that they epitomize undemocratic urbanization processes. Challenging these arguments, I first draw from literature on theming to argue that it is precisely “fakeness” that allows people to construct a sense of authenticity in rebuilt urban spaces. Next, I show how preoccupations with participation and justice can paradoxically lead professionals to advance the same universalistic, undemocratic heritage approach that they claim to contest. By enabling diverse people to negotiate a sense of the past, confront each other, and share new aspirations for the future, identical reconstructionsareheritage as much as, if not more than, other “historic” urban fabrics.
Pantomime horsemen: “cavalry-sports“ helmets and popular culture in the frontier provinces
Authors: Rankov Boris
Published: October 2020

Decorated helmets fitted with a metal mask in the form of a human face have been found throughout the lands of the Roman empire, and sometimes beyond it. Despite the significant number of examples (whole or in part) surviving from the 1st to the 3rd c. A.D., these helmets remain an enigma to students of the Roman army. They have usually (though not exclusively) been found either at or close to forts garrisoned by cavalry or in hoards or graves containing other military equipment, often cavalry-specific such as horse-chamfrons. Most have therefore been identified as cavalry helmets, and it is widely accepted that many are of the type referred to by the 2nd-c. general Arrian in his treatise Tactica whilst describing cavalry exercises (hippika gymnasia):

these helmets, unlike those made for battle, do not protect just the head and cheeks, but are made to fit the faces of the cavalrymen completely, with openings for the eyes so as not to interrupt the vision whilst nevertheless providing protection for the eyes.1
The mansio in Pisidia‘s Döşeme Boğazı: a unique building in Roman Asia Minor
Authors: Mitchell Stephen
Published: October 2020

The Döşeme Boğazı (‘Pass with the Pavement’) is one of the ancient routes through the Taurus Mountains that connected the Anatolian interior with the southern coastal regions (fig. 1). From an early date it was an important component of the Roman road-system in Asia Minor (fig. 2). The pass lay near the S end of the Republican route from the Dardanelles to Side which was created by Manius Aquillius, first proconsul of Asia between 129 and 126 B.C. The S part of this road was incorporated into the via Sebaste, built in 6/5 B.C., which linked several of the Roman colonies founded by Augustus in south-central Anatolia to the Mediterranean coast. By good fortune, the ancient settlements and the Roman and post-Roman road in this defile have survived largely untouched by modern development. The course of the road between the Roman colony of Comama (Pisidia) and Perge (Pamphylia), as well as branch roads leading to other settlements, can be traced precisely. Well-preserved remains of two settlements, both occupied between the 2nd and 6th c., are identifiable at the upper and lower ends of the defile: in them are houses having from 2 to 10 rooms, the larger ones arranged around courtyards and some having cisterns and towers (Turmgehöfte), a bath-house and public cisterns, roadside shops, sarcophagi and small heroa in prominent positions by the road, and numerous churches. The lower site includes a large walled structure probably of the 6th c., that was almost certainly designed as an animal enclosure to control transhumant flocks. Most remarkable of all the surviving structures in the pass, however, are the remains of a mansio or way-station, which survives up to roof level and is the best-preserved building of this type in the entire empire.
Roman wealth and wealth inequality in comparative perspective
Authors: Scheidel Walter
Published: October 2020

In 2013, Barack Obama called rising inequality “the defining challenge of our time”. Since the Financial Crisis and Great Recession of 2007-9, the gap between the haves and have-nots has attracted unprecedented attention in politics, the media and academia.1 Students of the more distant past have also begun to embrace this trend. Economists are once again looking back in time, inspired in no small measure by the broad impact of the work of Thomas Piketty.2 Historians are laboring hard to unearth and publish relevant data. Thanks to their efforts, we are now able to glimpse the contours of changes in the concentration of income and wealth over the very long run, at least in some parts of the world.3 Archaeologists have been joining the fray, gathering and analyzing plausible proxies of inequality such as house sizes.4
Roman-period synagogues of the Golan
Authors: Osband Mechael , David Chaim Ben , Arubas Benjamin
Published: October 2020

Synagogue chronology has been the subject of scholarly debate for decades, especially in the Galilee, where synagogues have been dated both to the Roman and Byzantine (= late-antique) periods.1 For the Golan,2 the consensus has been that there is no evidence for them in the Roman period, and especially not in the 2nd-3rd c. The c.30 synagogues there, nearly all in the W central Golan, have always been precluded from the debate since, with the exception of an Early Roman one at Gamla,3 the accepted dates for their construction and use are between the 4th and the 7th c. (fig. 1).4
Altruism, Ingroups, and Fairness: Comments on Messick's “Social Categories and Business Ethics”
Authors: Hartman Edwin M.
Published: October 2020

In attacking utilitarianism Bernard Williams1 likes to consider the case of the man who has a choice of saving his wife or a stranger from drowning. Williams takes it as clear, and a problem for consequentialism, that the man has a moral obligation to save his wife. The relationship is a good thing without reference to consequences that one might suppose it requires if it is to be valuable.

David Messick suggests a consequentialist view of certain relationships—for example, those that create a limited altruism—that have survival value. Some kin relationships are like that; and insofar as they are, there is something to be said for them from a utilitarian point of view. Messick does not rest there, as his primary concern is fairness, but he does seem to hold that there is a utilitarian basis for valuing families and family ties. One need not be a sociobiologist to learn something about practical morality from the facts Messick adduces.
Prediction of Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Using Characteristic Waveforms of Ductus Venosus in Recipient Twins
Authors: Takano Mayumi , Nakata Masahiko , Nagasaki Sumito , Sakuma Junya , Morita Mineto
Published: October 2020

We aimed to investigate whether the alterations of time intervals and velocity–time integrals (VTIs) of ductus venosus (DV) Doppler flow could predict evolving twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic diamniotic (MD) twin pregnancies in the second trimester. DV Doppler waveforms of MD twin pregnancies were retrospectively analyzed. Time intervals and VTIs of the accelerating phase of S-wave (S1 and VTI-1), decelerating phase of S-wave (S2 and VTI-2) and phase of D-wave (D and VTI-diast) were measured in the recipient twins of TTTS and the larger twins of uncomplicated MD twins. Each parameter was normalized to total time intervals and VTIs. DV parameters of prerecipient twins in pre-TTTS conditions were analyzed. The pre-TTTS condition was defined as the condition within 2 weeks before when TTTS cases fulfilled the criteria. Both recipient twins in TTTS cases and prerecipient twins in pre-TTTS condition showed significantly shorter S1, longer S2, shorter D, smaller VTI-1, larger VTI-2 and smaller VTI-diast than did the larger twins in uncomplicated MD twins (p < .05). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that VTI-2 had better performance, and VTI-2 >45.5% had 87.0% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, 81.0% positive predictive value and 93.0% negative predictive value for detecting prerecipient twins. Recipient twins complicated with TTTS have characteristic alterations in time intervals and VTIs of DV Doppler flow, which is present even before fulfilling the TTTS criteria. Furthermore, VTI-2 >45.5% is a possible predictive parameter for TTTS in the second trimester.
Der agil-Fragebogen
Authors: Korak-Wenzel Christine
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Studie berichtet über die Entwicklung des agil-Fragebogens, ein für Orientierungszwecke konzipierter Kurzfragebogen zur Erfassung psychischer Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz. Insgesamt 29 Items messen die Belastungsdimensionen Aufgabenanforderungen, Sozial- und Organisationsklima, Arbeitsabläufe und Arbeitsumgebung. Faktorielle Struktur und Zuverlässigkeit wurden in einer Stichprobe von 1 006 Beschäftigten aus acht österreichischen Unternehmen geprüft, zur Validierung des Verfahrens wurden vier weitere Stichproben (Gesamt N = 1 041) herangezogen. Die internen Konsistenzen lagen im Bereich von .70 bis .86, die konvergenten Validitäten im Bereich von .65 bis .81 und die diskriminierenden Validitäten unter .40, womit das Instrument die einschlägigen psychometrischen Anforderungen an ein Messverfahren zur Erhebung psychischer Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz erfüllen konnte.
Generation, Resuspension, and Transport of Particulate Matter From Biochar‐Amended Soils: A Potential Health Risk
Authors: Ravi Sujith , Li Junran , Meng Zhongju , Zhang Jianguo , Mohanty Sanjay
Published: October 2020

Large‐scale soil application of biochar is one of the terrestrial carbon sequestration strategies for future climate change mitigation pathways, which can also help remove and sequester pollutants from contaminated soil and water. However, black carbon emissions from biochar‐amended soils can deteriorate air quality and affect human health, as the biochar particles often contain a higher amount of sorbed toxic pollutants than the soil. Yet, the extent and mechanism of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) emission from biochar‐amended soils at different wind regimes have not been evaluated. Using wind tunnel experiments to simulate different wind regimes, we quantified particulate emission from sand amended with 1–4% (by weight) biochar at two size fractions: with and without <2‐mm biochar. At wind speeds below the threshold speed for soil erosion, biochar application significantly increased PM10 emission by up to 400% due to the direct resuspension of inhalable biochar particles. At wind speeds above the threshold speed, emission increased by up to 300% even from biochar without inhalable fractions due to collisions of fast‐moving sand particles with large biochar particles. Using a theoretical framework, we show that particulate matter emissions from biochar‐amended soils could be higher than that previously expected at wind speeds below the erosion threshold wind speed for background soil. Our results indicate that current models for fugitive dust emissions may underestimate the particulate matter emission potential of biochar‐amended soils and will help improve the assessment of biochar emission from amended soils.
Study of the Electron Velocity Inside Sub‐Ion‐Scale Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind by MMS Observations
Authors: Wang G. Q. , Zhang T. L. , Wu M. Y. , Hao Y. F. , Xiao S. D. , Wang G. , Liu L. J. , Chen Y. Q. , Volwerk M.
Published: October 2020

Electron vortices are a key element in the sub‐ion magnetic hole. Here, we investigate the electron velocity inside two sub‐ion magnetic holes in the solar wind based on the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. We find that the observational electron velocities inside the magnetic holes are contributed by the combination of the electron diamagnetic (Ve,dia), E × B (Ve,E), magnetic gradient (Ve,▽B) and curvature (Ve,R) drifts. Ve,dia, Ve,▽B, and Ve,R are comparable, while Ve,E is very small inside the hole. The weak Ve,E could result from the electric field approximately perpendicular to the magnetic field inside the structure. The value of Ve,▽B + Ve,R is near 0; thus, Ve,dia is approximately equal to the observational electron velocity. The current density contributed by the electron diamagnetic, magnetic gradient and curvature drift motions is self‐consistent with the magnetic depression inside the hole, suggesting that these three electron drift motions play a crucial role in stabilizing the magnetic hole in the mirror‐stable astrophysical plasma environment.
Gravity Currents Facilitate Formation of High‐Frequency Internal Solitons and Bores at the Base of the Fraser Delta in the Southern Strait of Georgia
Authors: Thomson Richard E. , Spear David J.
Published: October 2020

We use velocity and acoustic backscatter records from downward looking acoustic Doppler current profilers moored 47 m above the seafloor, 20 km apart in water depths of 100 and 240 m to examine internal wave dynamics near the seabed in the southern Strait of Georgia. The observations reveal that the lower layer of the strait becomes a seasonal (wintertime) waveguide for energetic internal “solibores”—internal bores trailed by large‐amplitude internal solitons—that propagate up the flank of the Fraser Delta. The rotor‐like bores have shoreward bottom velocities of 0.2 m s−1 and vertical velocities of 0.05 m s−1; the trailing wave trains attain amplitudes of tens of meters, periods as short as 10 min and durations of several hours. Establishment of the seabed waveguide required to support the high‐frequency internal motions begins in summer, when gravity currents originating from the shallow (~100 m) Skipjack‐Java sill in neighboring Boundary Pass, descend deep into the strait at monthly intervals. During the ensuing winter, lower‐density gravity currents form over the sill and subsequently override the denser bottom layer in the strait, increasing the buoyancy frequency of the guide. Based on the direction of solibore propagation, we speculate that the winter gravity currents also initiate generation of the internal waves during their descent over the rapidly deepening seafloor leading to the central strait. We further propose that the solibores are contributing to the formation and/or shoreward propagation of the O(10) m‐high sediment waves found on the delta foreslope.
Secure optical communication using a quantum alarm
Authors: Gong Yupeng , Kumar Rupesh , Wonfor Adrian , Ren Shengjun , Penty Richard V. , White Ian H.
Published: October 2020

Optical fibre networks are advancing rapidly to meet growing traffic demands. Security issues, including attack management, have become increasingly important for optical communication networks because of the vulnerabilities associated with tapping light from optical fibre links. Physical layer security often requires restricting access to channels and periodic inspections of link performance. In this paper, we report how quantum communication techniques can be utilized to detect a physical layer attack. We present an efficient method for monitoring the physical layer security of a high-data-rate classical optical communication network using a modulated continuous-variable quantum signal. We describe the theoretical and experimental underpinnings of this monitoring system and the monitoring accuracy for different monitored parameters. We analyse its performance for both unamplified and amplified optical links. The technique represents a novel approach for applying quantum signal processing to practical optical communication networks and compares well with classical monitoring methods. We conclude by discussing the challenges facing its practical application, its differences with respect to existing quantum key distribution methods, and its usage in future secure optical transport network planning.
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase mediates haloperidol-induced cataleptic behavior
Authors: Ramírez-Jarquín Uri Nimrod , Shahani Neelam , Pryor William , Usiello Alessandro , Subramaniam Srinivasa
Published: October 2020

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase protein complex (mTORC1 or mTORC2) that orchestrates diverse functions ranging from embryonic development to aging. However, its brain tissue-specific roles remain less explored. Here, we have identified that the depletion of the mTOR gene in the mice striatum completely prevented the extrapyramidal motor side effects (catalepsy) induced by the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) antagonist haloperidol, which is the most widely used typical antipsychotic drug. Conversely, a lack of striatal mTOR in mice did not affect catalepsy triggered by the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) antagonist SCH23390. Along with the lack of cataleptic effects, the administration of haloperidol in mTOR mutants failed to increase striatal phosphorylation levels of ribosomal protein pS6 (S235/236) as seen in control animals. To confirm the observations of the genetic approach, we used a pharmacological method and determined that the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin has a profound influence upon post-synaptic D2R-dependent functions. We consistently found that pretreatment with rapamycin entirely prevented (in a time-dependent manner) the haloperidol-induced catalepsy, and pS6K (T389) and pS6 (S235/236) signaling upregulation, in wild-type mice. Collectively, our data indicate that striatal mTORC1 blockade may offer therapeutic benefits with regard to the prevention of D2R-dependent extrapyramidal motor side effects of haloperidol in psychiatric illness.