bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relevance of the reinsurance company’s strategy
Authors: Филиппов А.Е.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается роль перестрахования как важного инструмента обеспечения устойчивости и защиты для страховых компаний от финансовых рисков. Представлена проблема эффективного управления перестраховочным покрытием и его оптимизации. Рассмотрены история развития перестраховочной деятельности, ее трансформация, основные виды, формы и принципы функционирования. На конкретных примерах показывается релевантность перестраховочных решений при различных сценариях рисков и страховых портфелей, которые имеют свои уникальные особенности. Приводятся расчеты страховых премий и выплат по убыткам. Делается заключение, что при выборе договора перестрахования необходимо учитывать специфику своего страхового портфеля и целей, чтобы обеспечить оптимальную защиту и управление рисками. Поэтому выбор вида договора перестрахования является значительным решением, которое требует глубокого анализа и понимания потребностей и характеристик страховой деятельности компании. Управление перестраховочным покрытием и его оптимизация требуют использования современного специализированного программного обеспечения.

The role of reinsurance as an important tool for ensuring sustainability and protection for insurance companies from financial risks is considered. The problem of effective management of reinsurance coverage and its optimization is presented. The history of reinsurance activity development, its transformation, main types, forms and principles of functioning are presented. Specific examples show the relevance of reinsurance solutions in various risk scenarios and insurance portfolios, which have their own unique features. Calculations of insurance premiums and loss payments are given. It is concluded that when choosing a reinsurance contract, the assignor must take into account the specifics of his insurance portfolio and goals in order to ensure optimal protection and risk management. Therefore, choosing the type of reinsurance contract is a significant decision that requires in-depth analysis and understanding of the needs and characteristics of the insurance company’s activities.
Destructive ideology in youth environment as a way of involving in extremist activities
Authors: Дауров А.И.
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируется деструктивная идеология в молодежной среде как способ вовлечения в экстремистскую деятельность. Отмечается острота проблемы утраты общественных ценностей и морали в современном обществе. На воспитание подростка активно влияет не только семья и образовательные учреждения, но и социальная среда, с которой он взаимодействует. Принятие мер по профилактике экстремизма и терроризма приведет к тому, что радикальные группировки не смогут пополняться новыми членами. При исключении условий, способствующих развитию радикальных группировок, можно значительно сократить количество последних. Эффективность профилактики экстремизма зависит от того, насколько правильно государственными органами воспринимается идущая от тех или иных неформальных организаций опасность.

The article analyzes destructive ideology among young people as a way of engaging in extremist activities. The acuteness of the problem of loss of social values and morality in modern society is noted. The upbringing of a teenager is actively influenced not only by the family and educational institutions, but also by the social environment with which he interacts. Taking measures to prevent extremism and terrorism will lead to the fact that radical groups will not be able to replenish new members. If conditions conducive to the development of radical groups are excluded, the number of the latter can be significantly reduced. The effectiveness of the prevention of extremism depends on how well the state authorities perceive the danger coming from certain informal organizations.
The Portrayal of Latina Domestic Workers in the TV Series Devious Maids
Authors:   University of Rzeszów (Poland), Martynuska Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

The Latinx audience is an increasingly important demographic for all television networks because they represent the fastest-growing U.S. minority. Therefore, producers attempt to target Latinx viewers who are more likely to watch the programs with their on-screen representation. This article examines how Hispanic women are portrayed in the comedy-drama series Devious Maids (Marc Cherry, 2013–2016). The first section presents the historical perspective of the ethnic typecasting for the roles of domestic workers in American motion pictures, accentuating the switch when Hispanic characters replaced African-American females as maids. This section has two additional functions: offering a selection of films and series featuring Hispanic protagonists cast as domestic workers, and providing background information about Latinx stereotyping in the U.S. media. The second part of the article combines analyses of the series Devious Maids, grouped into three subsections that consecutively examine class relations, reinforcing or destabilizing Latinx stereotypes. The series depicts Latina domestic workers who experience intersectional marginalization by being positioned as underclass ethnic females. The dramatic strain explores issues of family belonging, border crossing, split-family formation and pursuit of upward mobility. The comedy relies heavily on articulating ethnic traits such as exotic Otherness, which intrinsically intertwines with social class status. Hispanics in lead roles are evidence of a greater visibility of Latinx in American popular culture. However, by putting only Latinas in the roles of maids, the series contradicts the idea of “colourblind” casting; it offers empowerment to Hispanic actresses and diminishes the chances of women of colour who do not happen to be Latinas. Anglo-American protagonists are only a supporting cast, portrayed with a strong emphasis on their negative features. The noble images of Hispanic females are juxtaposed with the caricatured portrayal of the Whites.
Effects Of Board Characteristics On Financial Sustainability Of Quoted Nigerian Banks
Authors: Maimako Livinus Nkuri , Latiff Ahmed Razman Abdul , Yusoff Wan Fadzila Wan
Published: September 2024

Using Agency theory to examine the relationship between board characteristics and corporate governance financial sustainability.
Board size, diversity, and independence are autonomous, but financial leverage is controlled. This study examined how board features impact Nigerian banks' financial sustainability. Stata statistical tool was used to assess how board independence, diversity, and size impact financial sustainability in a convenience sample of thirteen Nigerian banks operating on the Nigerian stock exchange from 2014 to 2020. Financial leverage-controlled board characteristics.
Independent board members statistically increased long-term financial sustainability. A company's long-term financial viability may improve with a board with fewer outside demands and conflicts. Financial sustainability requires independent boards of directors. Board size did not affect financial sustainability or gender diversity. Despite their potential benefits, such as broader viewpoints and improved decision-making, board diversity and size did not significantly influence the financial sustainability of the stated Nigerian banks. Diverse boards improve decision-making and widen viewpoints. Financial leverage as a control variable influences corporate viability. Due to financial risks and volatility, high financial leverage may hurt banks' long-term existence. These studies explain how corporate governance affects a company's long-term financial survival. An independent board of directors is necessary for a bank's long-term financial sustainability. The study concluded that board size and diversity may not guarantee long-term financial sustainability. Duality, organisational scale, and their interaction must be studied to understand board traits and financial sustainability
Competency-Based Curriculum Implementation in Building Technology and Design in Zimbabwe’s Secondary Teachers’ Training Colleges: Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Authors: Goredema Rachel , Chakamba John , Chinengundu Tawanda
Published: September 2024

The study evaluated the implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Building Technology and Design (BTD) in secondary teachers’ colleges which is expected to play a significant role in BTD in producing graduate teachers who can apply proficiency and expertise to the real world of work. The research was motivated by research that revealed mixed feelings about CBC implementation in teachers’ colleges. The objectives focused on the challenges faced regarding implementing CBC in BTD, and strategies in the progressing curriculum to improve its implementation process. The study was based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model. A qualitative case study approach was used to gather the stakeholders’ perceptions. Research participants were selected using purposive sampling. Interview schedules and focus groups were used in collecting data. The most significant finding of this study is that CBC was partially implemented in teachers’ colleges. However, several impediments were discovered to beset the CBC implementation processes emanating from institutional, infrastructural, and policy issues, and other associated barriers. Based on these findings, the study recommends the harmonisation of college and secondary school curricula, conducting staff retraining workshops, the introduction of an internship programme for both lecturers and student teachers to construction companies, and the provision of adequate resources for CBC implementation. Additional policy and practice recommendations are also proposed as possible corrective measures.
Living Together as One Nation for Social Cohesion: Fostering Active Citizenship Skill to Indigenous Youth Community through the Eyes of Teacher and Authority
Authors: Sa’ad Shukriah , Dangi Mohamad Ridhuan Mat , Norudin Nur Adura Ahmad Nordin , Khan Norziaton Ismail , Hashim Muhamad Ridzuan , Ismail Aida Hazlin
Published: September 2024

The multicultural society in Malaysia needs to cultivate active citizenship skills to ensure togetherness and national solidarity. The minority group of the indigenous community bears a similarly essential role in building the national identity, affinity, and compassion as a nation. UNICEF empowered this active citizenship aspect in their life skills framework to shape the individuals’ ability, attitudes, and social-emotional competencies, enabling their participation in communities, engaging in continuous learning, safeguarding themselves, and promoting healthy and positive social relationships. Nevertheless, some indigenous youths are reluctant to embrace the active citizenship spirit with most of society and prefer living in the comfort of their community boundaries. This has resulted in a lack of social cohesion among Malaysians as a multiracial society. From the viewpoint of four teachers and two authorities, this qualitative research aims to construe the current situation of active citizenship skill acquisition among the indigenous youth population in Malaysia. Two semi-structured interview sessions were conducted based on four fundamental subject matters: 1) participation and empathy; 2) social communication; 3) respect and support; and 4) talent contribution to elucidating the meaning of active citizenship skills. The findings deduced that the indigenous youth community gradually developed active citizenship skills. However, more effective approaches, access, and encouragement are required for a sustainable life skill-building programme and long-lasting solutions fostering social cohesion.
The concept of Intercultural Communicative Competence in language learning
Authors: Nava Maria Rosaria
Published: September 2024

As we know, learning a language gives people many opportunities and advantages, but also increases their “cultural portfolio” allowing them to navigate various cultural and linguistic landscapes. As a matter of fact, it seems very interesting to recall what the Italian film director Federico Fellini affirmed, “A different language is a different vision of life”, because it opens up new visions and perspectives on our own world and the others’. Mastery in foreign languages is considered as a key element for people to be more flexible and “linguistically” adaptable, to gain new points of view and benefit from cultural diversity. In other words, it is not merely exchanging information and it is far more than a knowledge of words and how to combine them to form correct sentences. Mastery in foreign languages is much more than that: it involves linguistic appropriateness and cultural relevance, too. It becomes clear the significant role of cultural elements in learning a foreign language and that linguistic competence is strictly linked to intercultural communicative competence: when we communicate with people, we also immerse ourselves in their culture. The purpose of this paper is to discuss around this question: is the primary aim of teaching foreign languages to develop communicative competence and a correct language in learners or also appropriate for various cultural situations?
Green Leaf Price: A Case Study of Dhamai Tea Estate, Maulvibazar
Authors: Rahman Dr. Md. Lutfar
Published: September 2024

In Bangladesh,a total 100000 acres of land are under cover of tea plantation with a permanent labor force of 100000.Female workersare mostly preferred for plucking green leaf because of their sensitive fingertips suitable for tea plucking and lower inclination to unionism (Sharma and Das, 2009:69-70).Tea by its own characteristics requires cheap workforce which is a prerequisite for running the industry. Hence, workers-management feudal relationship is a commonplace which generates from labor wages especially in plucking green leaf. Workers want to pluck coarse and long leaf for increased weight as against management puts an embargo on it and restricts to pluck only tender leaf that makes best quality tea. Wages cut for lack of compliance by the workers in plucking tender leaf is a regular phenomenon creates frustration among workers, management’s policy to adopt piece rate in plucking in a garden where plucking is done on task basis from time immemorial are issues which involves entire work force to resort to create extreme law and order situation like strike,lockout, violence and even murder of garden owners.
Narrative Study on the Cultural Significance of the Practice of Komedya to the Locals of Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur
Authors: Batara Orlando A. , Orpia Cherie B. , Absolor Jocelyn L.
Published: September 2024

Komedya reflects Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur’s heritage, culture, and traditions. The study determined the significance of the Komedya to the locals of the community and the factors that can indigenize the practice of Komedia in the community. Using the descriptive and narrative approach of qualitative research, this study evaluated and analyzed the perspectives of the ten Komedya participants or spectators. The results demonstrate that the cultural performance’s influence on the community is transmitted to people supporting and participating in the Komedya. The significance to the community is accorded to three themes generated: socio-cultural, economic, and religious or spiritual. Komedya, as a cultural show, has been a reflection of indigenization through the use of new songs, music, and costumes. This is done to engage the audience while acknowledging that the form needs to be enhanced and updated to adapt to changing times. This cultural practice must be consistently passed on to the next generation. Since Komedya became their identity, the community must regularly practice this cultural practice with strong support from various stakeholders, including the government, church, and educational system.
Business Model Design in Developing Small Businesses: A Business Model Canvas Approach
Authors: Ilmah. Putri Ainun , Rakib. Muhammad , Syam Agus
Published: September 2024

Industry service Majestic Ria decorations still not yet optimal utilization technology and face increasing competition​ strict from competitors new. Therefore​ that, company need develop his business through designing an effective business model. Business Model Canvas (BMC) can used as tool for designing an effective business model to use increase development business. Study this aim for designing a business model use Business Model Canvas approach to develop business service Majestic Ria decorations in Maros Regency. Research methods used​ is Research and Development with approach descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. Research process designing a business model This adopting a 4D development model consisting from Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Research result show that the resulting business model design contain BMC elements are maintained, improved, and created. Designed business model​​ arranged This evaluated by media experts and experts’ business for ensure the quality. Based on expert test results, business model design this recommended for implemented by Megah Ria Guna’s efforts develop his business.
Unlocking SME Success: Successful Strategy in Gathering, Organizing, and Sharing Ideas in an Organization
Authors: Camposano Allyza A. , Dalogdogan Tricia Mae , Euste Marvin S. , Paula A. Venoza Gwen
Published: September 2024

This paper has highlighted effective strategies that SMEs in the Philippines can employ toward enhancing their success in terms of better management of gathering, organizing, and sharing ideas within an organization. The study aims to identify key areas for improvement regarding the digital strategies among SMEs in the Philippines that would enable them to address challenges they encounter in their digital transformation, highlight the real-life experiences of SMEs which can provide valuable lessons for others, and determine strategies and practices that work most efficiently related to the knowledge management suitable for their needs. Through a qualitative analysis of relevant data, the researcher highlights the key findings and recommendations which include: enhance the current digital competence of SMEs, optimize the use of government support measures especially to those SMEs’ who have not yet registered and unaware of the government support programs, as well as the necessity of providing better management of ideas more efficiently. Thus, the enhancement of competitiveness and sustainability can be achieved by SMEs in the progressive Philippine market through the effective execution of these recommended strategies, which requires the initiatives not only from SMEs but also from the government.
Dampak Judi Online Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Dan Hubungan Sosial
Authors: Sari Arnit Kurnia , Al-Fajrih Moh , Ahdiyanti Istika
Published: September 2024

The main aim of this research was to analyze how big the impact of online gambling is on mental health and social relationships in Sorong City, Southwest Papua. Online gambling has grown rapidly, but it cannot be ignored the impact it has on mental health and social relationships. The authors looked at the impact of online gambling on mental health and social relationships, and the findings suggest that engaging in online gambling can lead to addiction, anxiety, depression, and impaired social relationships. This problem is exacerbated by risk elements such as aggressive promotion and easy accessibility. It is important to gain a better understanding of these negative effects so that effective solutions can be developed.
APPLICATION OF NANOPORE SEQUENCING TO SEARCH FOR STRUCTURAL VARIANTS IN THE POTATO GENOME
Authors: Лиходеевский Г.А. , Шанина Е.П. , Стафеева М.А. , Ахметханов В.Ф.
Published: September 2024

Картофель (Solanum tuberosum L.) третья по распространённости растительная культура в мире. Многие направления работы по геномной оценке картофеля, проводятся с помощью маркер-ориентированной селекции (marker-assisted selection; MAS). На сегодняшний день существуют маркеры ассоциированные с широким спектром устойчивости к патогенам картофеля. Большая часть из них SCAR или STS и по наличию/отсутствию целевого продукта позволяют легко провести генотипирование. Однако, нуклеотидный состав как некоторых маркеров, так и некоторых регионов генома картофеля остаются неизвестными. По этой причине создание новых маркеров и дальнейшая генетическая селекция затруднены. Полногеномное секвенирование и поиск структурных вариантов могут способствовать дальнейшему развитию молекулярногенетических исследований культуры картофеля. Относительно небольшой размер генома картофеля в 840 миллионов нуклеотидных пар позволяет проводить полное секвенирование генома с помощью технологии Oxford Nanopore для последующего определения структурных вариантов в геноме картофеля.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most common crop in the world. Many areas of work on the genomic assessment of potatoes are carried out using marker-assisted selection (MAS). To date, there are markers associated with a wide range of resistance to potato pathogens. Most of them are SCAR or STS, and by the presence/absence of the target product, genotyping is easy. However, the nucleotide composition of both some markers and some regions of the potato genome remains unknown. For this reason, the creation of new markers and further genetic selection are difficult. Whole genome sequencing and the search for structural variants can contribute to the further development of molecular genetic studies of potato culture.
IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH MOLECULAR GLUTENINS IN SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES OF CANADIAN SELECTION
Authors: Русманов Н.С. , Груздев И.В. , Ворончихина И.Н. , Рубец В.С. , Соловьев А.А.
Published: September 2024

Мягкая пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) – важнейшая сельскохозяйственная культура, являющаяся основой хлебопекарного производства. В настоящее время увеличился спрос на высококачественные продукты питания, в том числе хлебобулочные изделия, однако качество зерна и выпекаемого хлеба, не смотря на рост производства, неуклонно снижается (Карпушин, 2017). Агротехническими приёмами сложно, дорого, а, зачастую, вообще невозможно повысить качество зерна, следовательно, в процессе селекции необходимо на генетическом уровне обеспечивать высокий технологический и хлебопекарный потенциал сортов мягкой пшеницы.

Soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important agricultural crop, which is the basis of bakery production. Currently, the demand for high-quality food products has increased, including bakery products, but the quality of grain and baked bread, despite the growth in production, is steadily declining (Karpushin, 2017). It is difficult, expensive, and often impossible to improve the quality of grain by agricultural techniques, therefore, in the breeding process, it is necessary to ensure the high technological and baking potential of soft wheat varieties at the genetic level.
DEVELOPMENT OF MARKERS FOR GENES ASSOCIATED WITH STARCH CONTENT IN SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. POTATO TUBERS
Authors: Куваева Д.Д. , Сергеева Е.М. , Щербань А.Б. , Афонников Д.А. , Салина Е.А. , Кочетов А.В.
Published: September 2024

Крахмал является основным запасным углеводом растений, составляет до 85% сухой массы употребляемых в пищу частей возделываемых культур (клубни, зерна, фрукты). Крахмал широко применяется в пищевой и непищевой промышленности, главным образом в качестве продукта питания человека и животных, а также как сырьё для производства этанола, тканей, бумаги, фармацевтических препаратов. Картофель Solanum tuberosum L. – четвертая по значимости сельскохозяйственная культура-продуцент крахмала (после кукурузы, риса, пшеницы). Содержание крахмала в клубнях – один из важных агрономических признаков картофеля. Для селекции сортов картофеля с повышенным содержанием крахмала, требующимся для нужд различных отраслей промышленности, необходима разработка эффективных молекулярных маркеров, связанных с целевым признаком. На ряде зарубежных популяций картофеля выявлены генетические локусы количественных признаков (QTL – Quantitative Trait Locus), связанные с содержанием крахмала в клубнях [1, 2, 3].

Starch is the main reserve carbohydrate of plants, accounting for up to 85% of the dry mass of the parts of cultivated crops used for food (tubers, grains, fruits). Starch is widely used in the food and non-food industries, mainly as a food product for humans and animals, as well as a raw material for the production of ethanol, fabrics, paper, and pharmaceuticals. Potato Solanum tuberosum L. is the fourth most important starch-producing crop (after corn, rice, and wheat). The content of starch in tubers is one of the important agronomic characteristics of potatoes. For the breeding of potato varieties with a high starch content, which is required for the needs of various industries, it is necessary to develop effective molecular markers associated with the target trait. On a number of foreign potato populations, genetic loci of quantitative traits (QTL - Quantitative Trait Locus) associated with the starch content in tubers have been identified [1, 2, 3].
ENERGY CORRECTED MILK INDEX AS A BIOMARKER OF PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF COWS
Authors: Лашнева И.А. , Сермягин А.А.
Published: September 2024

Всемирная тенденция увеличения молочной продуктивности в скотоводстве в течение последних десятилетий сопровождалась ростом проблем со здоровьем и фертильностью у животных. Как известно, коровам требуется достаточное количество энергии, потребляемой с кормом, для поддержания продуктивности и физиологического статуса. Корма, как правило, схожи по общему содержанию энергии, но сильно различаются по её доле, которая необходима для обеспечения жизнедеятельности организма коровы и продуцирования ею молока. Оставшаяся часть энергии корма теряется с экскрементами и избыточным тепловыделением коровы. Лактирующему животному требуется 0,74 Мкал чистой энергии для производства 1 кг молока, содержащего 4,00 % жира, а общая энергетическая ценность большинства кормов колеблется от 0,9 до 2,2 Мкал чистой энергии на кг сухого вещества. В этой связи определение эффективности преобразования корма в молоко (ECM, energy-corrected milk) может помочь в определении продуктивности коров или стада для оптимизации стратегии менеджмента.

The worldwide trend towards increasing milk production in livestock over the past decades has been accompanied by an increase in animal health and fertility problems. As you know, cows require a sufficient amount of energy consumed with feed to maintain productivity and physiological status. Feeds are generally similar in total energy content, but differ greatly in the amount of energy needed to keep a cow alive and produce milk. The rest of the feed energy is lost in the feces and excess heat generated by the cow. A lactating animal requires 0.74 Mcal of net energy to produce 1 kg of milk containing 4.00% fat, and the total energy value of most feeds ranges from 0.9 to 2.2 Mcal of net energy per kg of dry matter. In this regard, determining the efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (ECM, energy-corrected milk) can help in determining the productivity of cows or herds to optimize the management strategy.
DYNAMICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESOURCE POPULATION OF SHEEP
Authors: Петров С.Н. , Денискова Т.Е. , Зиновьева Н.А.
Published: September 2024

Современное состояние научно-технического обеспечения исследовательских методов позволяет использовать новые аспекты при планировании и проектировании в изучении влияния генетики исследуемых объектов на их морфофункциональные характеристики. Одним из таких подходов является создание и использование ресурсной популяции животных для поиска ассоциаций в геноме субъекта с хозяйственно-полезными признаками. Использование таких субпопуляций для проведения полногеномных ассоциативных исследований (GWAS) способствует повышению уровня точности и снижению возможности получения ложноположительных результатов. На базе физиологического двора ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста, в результате скрещивания карачаевской и романовской породы овец и их потомков, создана ресурсная популяция в виде первой и второй генерации животных.

The current state of scientific and technical support of research methods allows the use of new aspects in planning and design in studying the influence of the genetics of the studied objects on their morphological and functional characteristics. One of these approaches is the creation and use of a resource population of animals to search for associations in the subject's genome with economically useful traits. The use of such subpopulations for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) improves the level of accuracy and reduces the possibility of false positive results. On the basis of the physiological yard of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FITs VIZH them. OK. Ernst, as a result of crossing the Karachai and Romanov breeds of sheep and their descendants, a resource population was created in the form of the first and second generations of animals.
WHAT NEW CAN BE LEARNED BY CRISPR/CAS9 INTRO EDITING OF lncRNA GENES
Authors: Степанов Г.А. , Матвеева А.М. , Журавлев Е.С. , Власов В.В.
Published: September 2024

Развитие подходов к геномному редактированию позволило изменять структуру индивидуальных генов, регулировать их экспрессию и соответствующие клеточные процессы. Получившие широкое распространение методы на основе систем CRISPR/Cas значительно расширили арсенал генетической инженерии. Тем не менее, основная часть работ по геномному редактированию направлена на исследование и регуляцию экспрессии белок-кодирующих генов для получения клеточных линий и модельных организмов с заданными свойствами. Для данных целей использование систем CRISPR/Cas носит фактически рутинный характер. В связи с этим на сегодняшний день редактирование интронов представляет интересный и многообещающий инструмент изучения механизмов пост-транскрипционного созревания РНК, а также связанных клеточных процессов.

The development of approaches to genomic editing has made it possible to change the structure of individual genes, regulate their expression and the corresponding cellular processes. The widely used methods based on CRISPR/Cas systems have significantly expanded the arsenal of genetic engineering. Nevertheless, the main part of the work on genomic editing is aimed at studying and regulating the expression of protein-coding genes to obtain cell lines and model organisms with desired properties. For these purposes, the use of CRISPR/Cas systems is actually routine. In this regard, intron editing is currently an interesting and promising tool for studying the mechanisms of RNA post-transcriptional maturation, as well as related cellular processes.
GENE EDITING OF THE TRANSLATION ELIGATION FACTOR IN TOMATO
Authors: Баранов Д.Ю. , Долгов С.В. , Тимербаев В.Р.
Published: September 2024

По мере роста мирового населения растет спрос на продовольствие. Один из возможных способов решения этой проблемы – создание новых сортов сельскохозяйственных культур с ценными признаками, такими как повышенная урожайность, устойчивость к болезням, холодостойкость, улучшенная соле- и засухоустойчивость. Для производства новых сортов в течение десятилетий использовали методы традиционной селекции, но новые технологии, такие как редактирование генома, позволяют добиться желаемого результата быстрее и дешевле, путем точной модификации аллелей в разных видах и сортах растений. Менее чем за 5 лет метод, базирующийся на использовании CRISPR/Cas9, стал одним из самых широко применяемых методов в генной инженерии, в том числе растений. Некоторые системы геномного редактирования позволяют избежать встраивания чужеродной ДНК в геном экспериментального объекта или избавиться от нее в следующих поколениях.

As the world population grows, so does the demand for food. One possible way to solve this problem is to develop new crop varieties with valuable traits such as increased yield, disease resistance, cold tolerance, improved salt and drought tolerance. Traditional breeding methods have been used to produce new varieties for decades, but new technologies, such as genome editing, can achieve the desired result faster and cheaper by precisely modifying alleles in different plant species and varieties. In less than 5 years, the CRISPR/Cas9 based method has become one of the most widely used methods in genetic engineering, including plants. Some genomic editing systems make it possible to avoid the insertion of foreign DNA into the genome of an experimental object or to get rid of it in future generations.
PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC PETUNIA PLANTS WITH THE codA GENE FROM Arthrobacter globiformis
Authors: Каракай М.В. , Халилуев М.Р.
Published: September 2024

Петуния является не только ценной декоративной культурой, но и важным объектом для фундаментальных исследований. Абиотические стрессовые воздействия, такие как засуха, затопление, низкие или повышенные температуры, низкие положительные и отрицательные температуры, избыток ультрафиолета могут вызывать значительное снижение ростовых процессов растений петунии, а также ее декоративных свойств. Помимо традиционных методов селекции для повышения устойчивости к действию различных стрессовых факторов абиотической природы широко используются методы генетической трансформации.

Petunia is not only a valuable ornamental crop, but also an important object for fundamental research. Abiotic stresses such as drought, flooding, low or high temperatures, low positive and negative temperatures, excess ultraviolet radiation can cause a significant reduction in the growth processes of petunia plants, as well as its decorative properties. In addition to traditional breeding methods, genetic transformation methods are widely used to increase resistance to various abiotic stress factors.
Genome Editing of the Expressed Retrotransposon ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
Authors: Константинов З.С. , Лебедева М.В. , Корчинская В.Ю. , Таранов В.В. , Киров И.В.
Published: September 2024

Среди них выделяют ретротранспозоны – мобильные элементы, использующие процесс обратной транскрипции для своей транспозиции. Всплески активности транспозонов в ходе эволюции многих сельскохозяйственых культур приводили к увеличению размера их геномов.2 Поэтому им приписывается исключительно большая роль в процессах эволюции генома. Большая часть ретротранспозонов растений метелированы и не активны в нормальных условиях.

Among them, retrotransposons are distinguished - mobile elements that use the process of reverse transcription for their transposition. Bursts of transposon activity during the evolution of many agricultural crops led to an increase in the size of their genomes.2 Therefore, they are assigned an exceptionally large role in the processes of genome evolution. Most plant retrotransposons are methylated and inactive under normal conditions.
POLYPLOID FORMS OF ONION (Allium cepa L. × Allium fistulosum L.) AND GARLIC (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Романова О.В. , Середин Т.М. , Романов В.С. , Мастяев И.С.
Published: September 2024

Полиплоидия играет важную роль в формировании культурных растений. В роде Allium большинство видов обладают полиплоидным числом хромосом, а некоторые виды образуют полиплоидные ряды. Лук репчатый (Allium cepa L.) относится к диплоидным формам. Тогда как A nutans L., A. odorum L., A. schoenoprasum L. являются полиплоидными видами, обладающим рядом ценных признаков, такие как хорошая зимостойкость и устойчивость к пероноспорозу. Однако из-за разного количества хромосом эти виды очень трудно скрещиваются с луком репчатым. Для улучшения скрещиваемости используют метод полиплоидизации, который позволяет кратно увеличить число хромосом, то есть перевести исходные формы к одинаковому уровню плоидности (Полумордвинова, Марьяхина, 1985).

Polyploidy plays an important role in the formation of cultivated plants. In the genus Allium, most species have a polyploid number of chromosomes, and some species form polyploid series. Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) refers to diploid forms. Whereas A nutans L., A. odorum L., A. schoenoprasum L. are polyploid species with a number of valuable traits, such as good winter hardiness and resistance to downy mildew. However, due to the different number of chromosomes, these species are very difficult to interbreed with onions. To improve crossability, the polyploidization method is used, which makes it possible to multiply the number of chromosomes, that is, to transfer the original forms to the same level of ploidy (Polummordvinova, Maryakhina, 1985).
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REPEATING DNA FRACTIONS IN PLANTS OF THE FAMILY CANNABACEAE AND ITS ROLE IN DIFFERENTIATION OF SEX CHROMOSOMES
Authors: Разумова О.В. , Бочаркина Ю.В. , Боне К.Д. , Романов Д.В. , Почтовый А.А. , Александров О.С.
Published: September 2024

Семейство Cannabaceae sensu stricto включает два рода - род Humulus и род Cannabis с единственным крайне полиморфным видом Cannabis sativa. Характерной особенностью растений данных родов является наличие в кариотипе у всех видов гетероморфных половых хромосом, что является чрезвычайно редким явлением в царстве растений, при этом данные хромосомы различны у разных видов: XX/ XY с большой Y-хромосомой у конопли посевной, XX/XY с маленькой Y-хромосомой у хмеля обыкновенного и мультихромосомная система с большими половыми хромосомами XX/XY1Y2 у хмеля японского. Такое разнообразие типов половых хромосом в пределах одного семейства открывает широкие возможности для изучения эволюции пола в целом, поскольку ранее показано, что размер и количество половых хромосом у растений связано с эволюционной древностью или молодостью вида (Ming et al., 2011).

The family Cannabaceae sensu stricto includes two genera, the genus Humulus and the genus Cannabis, with a single extremely polymorphic species, Cannabis sativa. A characteristic feature of plants of these genera is the presence in the karyotype of all species of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, which is an extremely rare occurrence in the plant kingdom, while these chromosomes are different in different species: XX/XY with a large Y-chromosome in cannabis, XX/XY with a small Y-chromosome in common hop and a multichromosome system with large XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosomes in Japanese hop. Such a variety of sex chromosome types within the same family opens up wide opportunities for studying the evolution of sex in general, since it was previously shown that the size and number of sex chromosomes in plants is associated with the evolutionary antiquity or youth of the species (Ming et al., 2011).
VOCAL COMPOUNDS ISSUED BY MICROORGANISMS: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, MECHANISMS OF ACTION, APPLIED ASPECTS
Authors: Плюта В.А. , Сидорова Д.Е. , Мелькина О.Е. , Кокшарова О.А. , Хмель И.А.
Published: September 2024

В последние годы способность микроорганизмов синтезировать летучие органические соединения (ЛОС) и изучение их функциональной роли привлекает активное внимание исследователей различного профиля, работающих как в фундаментальных, так и в прикладных областях биологии. Известно, что бактерии и грибы выделяют огромное количество ЛОС различной химической природы. Эти вещества характеризуются низкой молекулярной массой (в среднем порядка 300 Да), липофильной природой, низкой температурой кипения. Среди них – спирты, кетоны, терпены, пиразины, альдегиды, серо- и азот-содержащие соединения и др.

In recent years, the ability of microorganisms to synthesize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the study of their functional role has attracted the active attention of researchers in various fields, working in both fundamental and applied fields of biology. It is known that bacteria and fungi emit a huge amount of VOCs of various chemical nature. These substances are characterized by low molecular weight (about 300 Da on average), lipophilic nature, and low boiling point. Among them are alcohols, ketones, terpenes, pyrazines, aldehydes, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, etc.
APPLICATION OF TERPENE SALTS OF SIBERIAN PINE PINE GAIN AS GROWTH REGULATORS OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS
Authors: Никитин Е.Н. , Шаронова Н.Л. , Теренжев Д.А. , Белов Т.Г. , Шуматбаев Г.Г. , Рахмаева А.М. , Крупин Е.О.
Published: September 2024

В связи с интенсификацией сельскохозяйственного производства крайне остро стоит проблема повышения урожайности и качества продукции растениеводства. Использование регуляторов роста способствует реализации генетического потенциала растений, повышению устойчивости к факторам окружающей среды, фитопатогенным микроорганизмам, росту урожайности и улучшению качества продукции. В условиях экологизации сельского хозяйства предъявляются особые требования к ассортименту применяемых препаратов, наблюдается повышенный интерес к природным веществам, экстрагируемым из растений, в качестве эффективной альтернативы промышленно синтезированным химическим веществам [1].

In connection with the intensification of agricultural production, the problem of increasing the yield and quality of crop production is extremely acute. The use of growth regulators helps to realize the genetic potential of plants, increase resistance to environmental factors, phytopathogenic microorganisms, increase yields and improve product quality. In the conditions of greening agriculture, special requirements are imposed on the range of drugs used, there is an increased interest in natural substances extracted from plants as an effective alternative to industrially synthesized chemicals [1].
INFLUENCE OF UV-B ON POLLEN GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBES GROWTH Petunia hybrida L.
Authors: Зинкевич В.В. , Захарова Е.В.
Published: September 2024

Уровень УФ-В, достигающий поверхности Земли увеличивается из-за антропогенного воздействия. В связи с этим исследование механизмов действия УФ на физиологические процессы, в частности, на опыление сельскохозяйственных и дикорастущих растений, приобретает большое значение.

The level of UV-B reaching the Earth's surface is increasing due to human impact. In this regard, the study of the mechanisms of UV action on physiological processes, in particular, on the pollination of agricultural and wild plants, is of great importance.
TREATMENT WITH CASPASE-LIKE PROTEASE INHIBITOR (AC-DEVDCHO) RELIEVES DNA DEGRADATION CAUSED BY S-RNASE TYPE SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY IN Petunia hybrida L. in the PROGRAM FERTILIZATION PHASE
Authors: Демьянчук И.C. , Соболев Д.С. , Захарова Е.В.
Published: September 2024

В последние годы накоплено значительное количество доказательств указывающих на участие каспазо-подобных протеаз в программируемой смерти клеток (ПКГ) растений. В наших предыдущих исследованиях было показано, что ПКГ является фактором самонесовместимости S-РНКазного типа у Petunia hybrida L. Остановка роста самонесовместимых пыльцевых трубок происходит при повышении уровня активности каспазо-подобных протеаз в первые часы опыления и к моменту остановки роста пыльцевых трубок наблюдаются все признаки ПКС (нарушение целостности плазматической мембраны, деградация/фрагментация ДНК, разрушение внутренней структуры пыльцевой трубки: отсутствие вакуолей, нарушение тургора и отделение клеточной плазматической мембраны от клеточной стенки) (Zakharova et al., 2021).

In recent years, a significant amount of evidence has been accumulated indicating the involvement of caspase-like proteases in programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In our previous studies, it was shown that PCD is an S-RNase-type self-incompatibility factor in Petunia hybrida L. Growth of self-incompatible pollen tubes stops when the level of activity of caspase-like proteases increases in the first hours of pollination, and by the time the growth of pollen tubes stops, all signs of PCD are observed. (violation of the integrity of the plasma membrane, DNA degradation/fragmentation, destruction of the internal structure of the pollen tube: absence of vacuoles, disruption of turgor and separation of the cell plasma membrane from the cell wall) (Zakharova et al., 2021).
PRODUCTION OF POTATO PROTOPLASTS FOR GENOME EDITING
Authors: Чернова М.М.
Published: September 2024

Микроклональное размножение — метод, основанный на размножении растений in vitro (технология выполнения экспериментов, когда опыты проводятся «в пробирке» — вне живого организма) [1], при котором полученные особи растений генетически идентичны исходному экземпляру [2]. У этого метода есть ряд преимуществ, которые выделяют его, это например: «чистота» организмов от вирусов, сокращение продолжительности селекционного процесса, возможность размножения растений, которые сложно размножить традиционными путями, искусственное ускорение роста растений.

Micropropagation is a method based on in vitro reproduction of plants (a technology for performing experiments when experiments are carried out "in a test tube" - outside a living organism) [1], in which the obtained plant individuals are genetically identical to the original specimen [2]. This method has a number of advantages that distinguish it, for example: the “purity” of organisms from viruses, the reduction in the duration of the selection process, the possibility of propagating plants that are difficult to propagate in traditional ways, artificial acceleration of plant growth.
OPTIMIZATION OF CONDITIONS OF MICROCLONAL REPRODUCTION OF THYMUS SERPYLLUM L.
Authors: Кожина С.Э. , Царева О.В. , Константинов З.С. , Галахова О.Б. , Соловьев А.А. , Гарибян Ц.С.
Published: September 2024

Тимьян ползучий (Thymus serpyllum L.) многолетний полукустарник из рода Тимьян (Thymus) семейства Яснотковые (Lamiaceae). Тимьян широко используют в медицине, фармацевтике, кулинарии, парфюмерии, косметологии, как медонос и декоративное растение. (Garnik et al., 2009; Korsakova et al., 2012) В настоящее время промышленные плантации тимьяна в нашей стране фактически отсутствуют. Поэтому возникает необходимость расширения сырьевой базы в России, путем культивирования тимьяна. В связи с этим, а также с сохранением и размножением редких видов возникает проблема ускоренного размножения этого растения.

Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) is a perennial subshrub from the genus Thymus of the Lamiaceae family. Thyme is widely used in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cooking, perfumery, cosmetology, as a honey plant and an ornamental plant. (Garnik et al., 2009; Korsakova et al., 2012) Currently, there are virtually no commercial thyme plantations in our country. Therefore, there is a need to expand the raw material base in Russia, by cultivating thyme. In connection with this, as well as with the conservation and reproduction of rare species, the problem of accelerated reproduction of this plant arises.
THE USE OF FAST NEUTRONS AS A PHYSICAL MUTAGEN FOR STUDYING THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING RICE VARIETARY PROPERTIES
Authors: Кругляк А.И. , Алексеенок Ю.В. , Дорошкевич А.С. , Аппазов Н.О. , Бакирулы К.Б.
Published: September 2024

Рис (Oryza sativa L.) является не только популярной продовольственной культурой, обеспечивая едой около 40% населения земного шара [1], но и хорошим модельным объектом для всех злаковых культур, ввиду простоты своего генома [2]. При этом данная культура является вторым по счету растением, у которого был полностью секвенирован геном [3] после арабидопсиса (Arabidopsis thaliana), размер генома которого примерно в четыре раза меньше [4]. Знания обо всей структуре геномной последовательности дают возможность менять свойства конкретного гена, отвечающего за определенные агрономически важные признаки.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is not only a popular food crop, providing food for about 40% of the world's population [1], but also a good model object for all cereal crops due to the simplicity of its genome [2]. Moreover, this culture is the second plant in which the genome was completely sequenced [3] after Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the genome size of which is approximately four times smaller [4]. Knowledge of the entire structure of the genomic sequence makes it possible to change the properties of a particular gene responsible for certain agronomically important traits.