bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Many-body interactions and deep neural network potentials for water
Authors: Zhai Yaoguang , Rashmi Richa , Palos Etienne , Paesani Francesco
Published: April 2024

We present a detailed assessment of deep neural network potentials developed within the Deep Potential Molecular Dynamics (DeePMD) framework and trained on the MB-pol data-driven many-body potential energy function. Specific focus is directed at the ability of DeePMD-based potentials to correctly reproduce the accuracy of MB-pol across various water systems. Analyses of bulk and interfacial properties as well as many-body interactions characteristic of water elucidate inherent limitations in the transferability and predictive accuracy of DeePMD-based potentials. These limitations can be traced back to an incomplete implementation of the “nearsightedness of electronic matter” principle, which may be common throughout machine learning potentials that do not include a proper representation of self-consistently determined long-range electric fields. These findings provide further support for the “short-blanket dilemma” faced by DeePMD-based potentials, highlighting the challenges in achieving a balance between computational efficiency and a rigorous, physics-based representation of the properties of water. Finally, we believe that our study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the development and application of machine learning models in simulating water systems, offering insights that could guide future improvements in the field.
A three-dimensional numerical well-test model for pressure transient analysis in fractured horizontal wells with secondary fractures
Authors: Zhou Biao , Chen Zhiming , Zhao Xurong , Wang Bin , Wang Haizhu , Sepehrnoori Kamy
Published: April 2024

During oil and gas reservoir development, multi-stage horizontal wells (MFHWs) and hydraulic fracturing techniques can effectively increase estimated ultimate recovery. However, there still lacks an understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) pressure transient behaviors of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells with secondary fractures. To narrow this gap, a three-dimensional numerical well-test model based on a discrete fracture model and unstructured tetrahedral grids is developed to study the pressure transient behaviors of MFHWs with secondary fractures. The pressure transient solutions of MFHWs with secondary fractures have been demonstrated by model verifications. The results show that the proposed model can accurately capture the complex transient flow around fractures, including early radial flow that is not easily captured by two-dimensional numerical well test models. The proposed model classifies the flow regimes of a MFHW as: wellbore storage and skin effects, early radial flow, bilinear flow, linear flow, elliptical flow, pseudo radial flow, and pseudo-boundary dominated flow. It is found that the fracture geometry has a relatively large effect on the shape of the pressure derivative curve in this work. The hydraulic fracture half-length has the greatest impact on the pressure transient behaviors of the MFHW, followed by fracture height and secondary fracture half-length, as found in this study. Additionally, fracture parameters are evaluated, and actual well testing data are interpreted, taking into account the fracture height. This work is meaningful to understand the three-dimensional pressure transient behaviors of MFHWs with secondary fractures.
A water structure indicator suitable for generic contexts: Two-liquid behavior at hydration and nanoconfinement conditions and a molecular approach to hydrophobicity and wetting
Authors: Loubet Nicolás A. , Verde Alejandro R. , Appignanesi Gustavo A.
Published: April 2024

In a recent work, we have briefly introduced a new structural index for water that, unlike previous indicators, was devised specifically for generic contexts beyond bulk conditions, making it suitable for hydration and nanoconfinement settings. In this work, we shall study this metric in detail, demonstrating its ability to reveal the existence of a fine-tuned interplay between the local structure and energetics in liquid water. This molecular principle enables the establishment of an extended hydrogen bond network, while simultaneously allowing for the existence of network defects by compensating for uncoordinated sites. By studying different water models and different temperatures encompassing both the normal liquid and the supercooled regime, this molecular mechanism will be shown to underlie the two-state behavior of bulk water. In addition, by studying functionalized self-assembled monolayers and diverse graphene-like surfaces, we shall show that this principle is also operative at hydration and nanoconfinement conditions, thus generalizing the validity of the two-liquid scenario of water to these contexts. This approach will allow us to define conditions for wettability, providing an accurate measure of hydrophobicity and a reliable predictor of filling and drying transitions. Hence, it might open the possibility of elucidating the active role of water in the broad fields of biophysics and materials science. As a preliminary step, we shall study the hydration structure and hydrophilicity of graphene-like systems (parallel graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes) as a function of the confinement dimensionality.
A new genus of scutigerid centipede from southern South America with the description of two new species and an updated molecular phylogeny of the myriapod order Scutigeromorpha (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)
Authors: Porta Andrés O. , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: April 2024

Scutigeromorph centipedes are conspicuous, yet often ignored myriapods for which little work has been conducted in southern South America. After examining recent and museum collections from Chile and Argentina, two new species of generic uncertainty were identified. A new genus of scutigerid centipede, Edgethreua, is therefore described with two new species, E. chilensis from Central Chile (type species of the genus) and E. goloboffi from Argentinian Patagonia. The new genus is characterised by the presence of scattered setiform bristles with short paired spines and the absence of simple spinulae and spines on all stomatotergites, the presence of a single spine-bristle in the prefemur of the second maxilla, a patch of cuticular ridges and pores surrounding the sensilla of the proximal labral portion of the epipharynx, the morphology of the sensilla of the distal patch of the hypopharynx and the morphology of the female gonopods. A phylogenetic analysis of the new species using two nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S and 28S rRNA), two mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes (12S and 16S rRNA) and the mitochondrial protein-encoding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I show that the new genus does not cluster with any other described genus of scutigeromorph represented in molecular phylogenies. The data indicate that the new genus is probably sister group to a clade including the genera Lassophora, Ballonema and the subfamily Thereuoneminae, although one analysis suggests a position as sister group to Scutigerinae. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A4D453F3-9031-4E21-84C7-87F16C07AD51
Autoimmunity against melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 induces interstitial lung disease mimicking dermatomyositis in mice
Authors: Ichimura Yuki , Konishi Risa , Iida Tadatsune , Shobo Miwako , Tanaka Ryota , Kubota Noriko , Kayama Hisako , Takeda Kiyoshi , Nomura Toshifumi , Fujimoto Manabu , Okiyama Naoko
Published: April 2024

Anti-melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody–positive dermatomyositis (DM) is characterized by amyopathic DM with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Patients with anti-MDA5 antibody–associated ILD frequently develop rapidly progression and present high mortality rate in the acute phase. Here, we established a murine model of ILD mediated by autoimmunity against MDA5. Mice immunized with recombinant murine MDA5 whole protein, accompanied with complete Freund’s adjuvant once a week for four times, developed MDA5-reactive T cells and anti-MDA5 antibodies. After acute lung injury induced by intranasal administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] mimicking viral infection, the MDA5-immunized mice developed fibrotic ILD representing prolonged respiratory inflammation accompanied by fibrotic changes 2 wk after poly (I:C)-administration, while the control mice had quickly and completely recovered from the respiratory inflammation. Treatment with anti-CD4 depleting antibody, but not anti-CD8 depleting antibody, suppressed the severity of MDA5-induced fibrotic ILD. Upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA, which was temporarily observed in poly (I:C)-treated mice, was prolonged in MDA5-immunized mice. Treatment with anti-IL-6 receptor antibody ameliorated the MDA5-induced fibrotic ILD. These results suggested that autoimmunity against MDA5 exacerbates toll-like receptor 3-mediated acute lung injury, and prolongs inflammation resulting in the development of fibrotic ILD. IL-6 may play a key role initiating ILD in this model.
Hepatocyte regeneration is driven by embryo-like DNA methylation reprogramming
Authors: Falick Michaeli Tal , Sabag Ofra , Azria Batia , Fok Rimma , Abudi Nathalie , Abramovitch Rinat , Monin Jonathan , Gielchinsky Yuval , Cedar Howard , Bergman Yehudit
Published: April 2024

As a result of partial hepatectomy, the remaining liver tissue undergoes a process of renewed proliferation that leads to rapid regeneration of the liver. By following the early stages of this process, we observed dramatic programmed changes in the DNA methylation profile, characterized by both de novo and demethylation events, with a subsequent return to the original adult pattern as the liver matures. Strikingly, these transient alterations partially mimic the DNA methylation state of embryonic hepatoblasts (E16.5), indicating that hepatocytes actually undergo epigenetic dedifferentiation. Furthermore, Tet2/Tet3-deletion experiments demonstrated that these changes in methylation are necessary for carrying out basic embryonic functions, such as proliferation, a key step in liver regeneration. This implies that unlike tissue-specific regulatory regions that remain demethylated in the adult, early embryonic genes are programmed to first undergo demethylation, followed by remethylation as development proceeds. The identification of this built-in system may open targeting opportunities for regenerative medicine.
Pregnancy is linked to faster epigenetic aging in young women
Authors: Ryan Calen P. , Lee Nanette R. , Carba Delia B. , MacIsaac Julie L. , Lin David T. S. , Atashzay Parmida , Belsky Daniel W. , Kobor Michael S. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: April 2024

A central prediction of evolutionary theory is that energy invested into reproduction comes at the expense of somatic maintenance and repair, accelerating biological aging. Supporting this prediction are findings that high fertility among women predicts shorter lifespan and poorer health later in life. However, biological aging is thought to begin before age-related health declines, limiting the applicability of morbidity and mortality for studying the aging process earlier in life. Here, we examine the relationship between reproductive history and biological aging in a sample of young (20 to 22yo) men and women from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, located in the Philippines (n = 1,735). We quantify biological aging using six measures, collectively known as epigenetic clocks, reflecting various facets of cellular aging, health, and mortality risk. In a subset of women, we test whether longitudinal changes in gravidity between young and early–middle adulthood (25 to 31yo) are associated with changes in epigenetic aging during that time. Cross-sectionally, gravidity was associated with all six measures of accelerated epigenetic aging in women (n = 825). Furthermore, longitudinal increases in gravidity were linked to accelerated epigenetic aging in two epigenetic clocks (n = 331). In contrast, the number of pregnancies a man reported fathering was not associated with epigenetic aging among same-aged cohort men (n = 910). These effects were robust to socioecological, environmental, and immunological factors, consistent with the hypothesis that pregnancy accelerates biological aging and that these effects can be detected in young women in a high-fertility context.
Developmental trajectories of GABAergic cortical interneurons are sequentially modulated by dynamicFoxG1expression levels
Authors: Miyoshi Goichi , Ueta Yoshifumi , Yagasaki Yuki , Kishi Yusuke , Fishell Gord , Machold Robert P. , Miyata Mariko
Published: April 2024

GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, originating from the embryonic ventral forebrain territories, traverse a convoluted migratory path to reach the neocortex. These interneuron precursors undergo sequential phases of tangential and radial migration before settling into specific laminae during differentiation. Here, we show that the developmental trajectory ofFoxG1expression is dynamically controlled in these interneuron precursors at critical junctures of migration. By utilizing mouse genetic strategies, we elucidate the pivotal role of precise changes inFoxG1expression levels during interneuron specification and migration. Our findings underscore the gene dosage–dependent function ofFoxG1, aligning with clinical observations ofFOXG1haploinsufficiency and duplication in syndromic forms of autism spectrum disorders. In conclusion, our results reveal the finely tuned developmental clock governing cortical interneuron development, driven by temporal dynamics and the dose-dependent actions ofFoxG1.
Conformational free-energy landscapes of a Na
+
/Ca
2+
exchanger explain its alternating-access mechanism and functional specificity
Authors: Marinelli Fabrizio , Faraldo-Gómez José D.
Published: April 2024

Secondary-active transporters catalyze the movement of myriad substances across all cellular membranes, typically against opposing concentration gradients, and without consuming any ATP. To do so, these proteins employ an intriguing structural mechanism evolved to be activated only upon recognition or release of the transported species. We examine this self-regulated mechanism using a homolog of the cardiac Na
+
/Ca
2+
exchanger as a model system. Using advanced computer simulations, we map out the complete functional cycle of this transporter, including unknown conformations that we validate against existing experimental data. Calculated free-energy landscapes reveal why this transporter functions as an antiporter rather than a symporter, why it specifically exchanges Na
+
and Ca
2+
, and why the stoichiometry of this exchange is exactly 3:1. We also rationalize why the protein does not exchange H
+
for either Ca
2+
or Na
+
, despite being able to bind H
+
and its high similarity with H
+
/Ca
2+
exchangers. Interestingly, the nature of this transporter is not explained by its primary structural states, known as inward- and outward-open conformations; instead, the defining factor is the feasibility of conformational intermediates between those states, wherein access pathways leading to the substrate binding sites become simultaneously occluded from both sides of the membrane. This analysis offers a physically coherent, broadly transferable route to understand the emergence of function from structure among secondary-active membrane transporters.
Glucose regulation of adipose tissue browning by CBP/p300- and HDAC3-mediated reversible acetylation of CREBZF
Authors: Cui Aoyuan , Xue Yaqian , Su Weitong , Lin Jing , Liu Yuxiao , Cai Genxiang , Wan Qin , Jiang Yang , Ding Dong , Zheng Zengpeng , Wei Shuang , Li Wenjing , Shen Jiaxin , Wen Jian , Huang Mengyao , Zhao Jiuxiang , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhao Yuwu , Li Hong , Ying Hao , Zhang Haibing , Bi Yan , Chen Yan , Xu Aimin , Xu Yong , Li Yu
Published: April 2024

Glucose is required for generating heat during cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue, but the regulatory mechanism is largely unknown. CREBZF has emerged as a critical mechanism for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the roles of CREBZF in the control of thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Glucose induces CREBZF in human white adipose tissue (WAT) and inguinal WAT (iWAT) in mice. Lys208 acetylation modulated by transacetylase CREB-binding protein/p300 and deacetylase HDAC3 is required for glucose-induced reduction of proteasomal degradation and augmentation of protein stability of CREBZF. Glucose induces rectal temperature and thermogenesis in white adipose of control mice, which is further potentiated in adipose-specific CREBZF knockout (CREBZF FKO) mice. During cold exposure, CREBZF FKO mice display enhanced thermogenic gene expression, browning of iWAT, and adaptive thermogenesis. CREBZF associates with PGC-1α to repress thermogenic gene expression. Expression levels of CREBZF are negatively correlated with UCP1 in human adipose tissues and increased in WAT of obese ob/ob mice, which may underscore the potential role of CREBZF in the development of compromised thermogenic capability under hyperglycemic conditions. Our results reveal an important mechanism of glucose sensing and thermogenic inactivation through reversible acetylation.
Dutch compound constructions in additional language acquisition
Authors: Hendrikx Isa , Van Goethem Kristel
Published: April 2024

Studies have demonstrated that Dutch has a much stronger tendency towards compounding than French (e.g., Du.
badkamer vs Fr. salle de bains ‘bathroom’) when adopting a restrictive approach of
compounding in which the presence of prepositions and/or internal inflection in multi-word expressions is considered evidence for
their syntactic formation. The example above illustrates that Dutch compounding differs from French in another important aspect:
while Germanic compounding is by definition right-headed, French has a general tendency towards left-hand headed compounds and
phrases. In this study, we investigate the impact of these typological differences on the acquisition of Dutch nominal compounds
by French-speaking learners in the context of multilingual Belgium. We provide an in-depth corpus analysis of the acquisition of
Dutch compounds at different levels of abstraction (schematic and substantive compound constructions). Moreover, we investigate
the impact of additional target-language input through CLIL programs (Content and Language Integrated Learning)
on the acquisition of Dutch compounds by French-speaking learners of Dutch. The results are described and interpreted from the
perspective of Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG), which conceptualizes the linguistic competence of
multilingual speakers as one integrated network of constructions, containing language-specific idioconstructions
and shared diaconstructions.
Linguistic variation in two written academic sub-registers
Authors: Ansarifar Ahmad , Shahriari Hesamoddin , Staples Shelley , Ghazanfari Mohammad
Published: April 2024

The present study aims to compare abstracts written by graduate students and internationally-published authors using Biber’s (1988) Multi-Dimensional (MD) model. To this end, two corpora of abstracts (1800 texts each) from research articles (RA) published in top international Applied Linguistics journals, and theses completed in the same field were compiled. We compared the two corpora with regard to three of Biber’s (1988) dimensions: involved versus informational production; elaborated vs. situation-dependent reference; and abstract vs. non-abstract style. Our results revealed that RA abstracts and thesis abstracts are similar when compared to non-academic registers of English, but different when compared to each other. Relative to thesis abstracts, RA abstracts are more informational but less elaborated and less impersonal. Interestingly, we found that RA/thesis abstracts differ from Biber’s (1988) academic prose register along the three dimensions. Our findings can further our understanding of the differences between RA and thesis abstracts, thus contributing to the instruction of academic writing at the graduate level.
Extracellular Caspase-1 induces hair stem cell migration in wounded and inflamed skin conditions
Authors: Hegde Akshay , Ghosh Subhasri , Ananthan Akhil SHP , Kataria Sunny , Dutta Abhik , Prabhu Srilekha , Khedkar Sneha Uday , Dutta Anupam , Jamora Colin
Published: April 2024

The wound-healing process is a paradigm of the directed migration of various pools of stem cells from their niche to the site of injury where they replenish damaged cells. Two decades have elapsed since the observation that wounding activates multipotent hair follicle stem cells to infiltrate the epidermis, but the cues that coax these cells out of their niche remain unknown. Here, we report that Caspase-1, a protein classically known as an integral component of the cytosolic inflammasome, is secreted upon wounding and has a non-canonical role in the extracellular milieu. Through its caspase activation recruitment domain (CARD), Caspase-1 is sufficient to initiate the migration of hair follicle stem cells into the epidermis. Uncovering this novel function of Caspase-1 also facilitates a deeper understanding of the mechanistic basis of the epithelial hyperplasia found to accompany numerous inflammatory skin diseases.
CD19-directed T cell–engaging antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune disease
Authors: Michaelson Jennifer S. , Baeuerle Patrick A.
Published: April 2024

Jennifer S. Michaelson, Chief Scientific Officer at Cullinan Oncology, and Patrick A. Baeuerle, scientific advisor to Cullinan Oncology and honorary professor in immunology at Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, discuss the use of CD19-specific T cell–engaging antibody therapies (TCEs) as therapeutics for autoimmune diseases.
Three-Soliton Interactions and the Implementation of Their All-Optical Switching Function
Authors: Yi 伊 Houhui 厚会 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫 , Shi 石 Lingxian 领先 , Yao 姚 Yanli 延立 , Wang 王 Shubin 树斌 , Ma 马 Guoli 国利
Published: April 2024

As a key component in all-optical networks, all-optical switches play a role in constructing all-optical switching. Due to the absence of photoelectric conversion, all-optical networks can overcome the constraints of electronic bottlenecks, thereby improving communication speed and expanding their communication bandwidth. We study all-optical switches based on the interactions among three optical solitons. By analytically solving the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we obtain the three-soliton solution to the equation. We discuss the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of various optical solitons under different initial conditions. Meanwhile, we analyze the influence of relevant physical parameters on the realization of all-optical switching function during the process of three-soliton interactions. The relevant conclusions will be beneficial for expanding network bandwidth and reducing power consumption to meet the growing demand for bandwidth and traffic.
Evolution of Superconducting-Transition Temperature with Superfluid Density and Conductivity in Pressurized Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Zhao 赵 Jinyu 金瑜 , Cai 蔡 Shu 树 , Chen 陈 Yiwen 逸雯 , Gu 顾 Genda 根大 , Yan 闫 Hongtao 宏涛 , Guo 郭 Jing 静 , Han 韩 Jinyu 金宇 , Wang 王 Pengyu 鹏玉 , Zhou 周 Yazhou 亚洲 , Li 李 Yanchun 延春 , Li 李 Xiaodong 晓东 , Ren 任 Zhian 治安 , Wu 吴 Qi 奇 , Zhou 周 Xingjiang 兴江 , Ding 丁 Yang 阳 , Xiang 向 Tao 涛 , Mao 毛 Ho-kwang 河光 , Sun 孙 Liling 力玲
Published: April 2024

What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature T
c in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate. Following the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes’ law, there is a growing consensus in the community that the T
c value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density (ρ
s) of its ground state and the conductivity (σ) of its normal state. However, all the data supporting this empirical law (ρ
s = AσT
c) have been obtained from the ambient-pressure superconductors. In this study, we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ
s and σ with T
c, through the studies on the Bi1.74Pb0.38Sr1.88CuO6+δ
and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
, in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity (ρ = 1/σ) is achieved by adopting our newly established method, while the quantity of ρ
s is extracted using Homes’ law. We highlight that the T
c values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field, i.e., ρ
s and σ, respectively, implying that the physics determining T
c is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.
Finding Ordered State in a Disordered Jungle
Authors: Zhou 周 Xiaodong 晓东 , Shen 沈 Jian 健
Published: April 2024

A rich portfolio of emergent phenomena has been discovered in twisted two-dimensional (2D) moiré systems, including strongly correlated insulators,[1] superconductivity,[2] integer and fractional Chern insulators (ChIs),[3–5] magnetism,[6] and interfacial ferroelectricity.[7,8] The twist angle is a critical knob to modulate the properties of moiré materials. However, such a small twist angle (1°–2°) is often not thermodynamically stable for the moiré systems leading to strong reconstruction of the moiré lattice, which introduces an unconventional type of twist angle disorder.
Pressure-Driven Energy Band Gap Narrowing of λ-N2
Authors: Li 李 Yue 月 , Liu 刘 Jingyi 静仪 , Wu 吴 Binbin 彬彬 , Tao 陶 Yu 雨 , Geng 耿 Yanlei 延雷 , Wang 王 Xiaoli 晓丽 , Lei 雷 Li 力
Published: April 2024

Probing the energy band gap of solid nitrogen at high pressures is of importance for understanding pressure-driven changes in electronic structures and insulator-to-metal transitions under high pressure. The λ-N2 formed by cold compression is known to be the most stable one in all solid nitrogen phases observed so far. By optimizing the optical system, we successfully measured the high-pressure absorption spectra of λ-N2 covering the polymeric-nitrogen synthetic pressures (124 GPa–165 GPa). The measured optical band gap decreases with increasing pressure, from 2.23 eV at 124 GPa to 1.55 eV at 165 GPa, with a negative pressure coefficient of −18.4 meV/GPa, which is consistent with the result from our ab initio total-energy calculations (−22.6 meV/GPa). The extrapolative metallization pressure for the λ-N2 is around 288(18) GPa, which is close to the metallization pressure (280 GPa) for the η-N2 expected by previous absorption edge and direct electrical measurements. Our results provide a direct spectroscopic evidence for the pressure-driven band gap narrowing of solid nitrogen.
Stability estimates for an inverse boundary value problem for biharmonic operators with first order perturbation from partial data
Authors: Liu Boya
Published: April 2024

In this paper we study an inverse boundary value problem for the biharmonic operator with first order perturbation. Our geometric setting is that of a bounded simply connected domain in the Euclidean space of dimension three or higher. Assuming that the inaccessible portion of the boundary is flat, and we have knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on the complement, we prove logarithmic type stability estimates for both the first and the zeroth order perturbation of the biharmonic operator.
Spectroscopy of the
5s5p3P0→5s5d3D1
transition of strontium using laser cooled atoms
Authors: Patel Kushal , Gakkhar Palki , Biswas Korak , Sagar Maurya S , Dutta Pranab , Lal Vishal , Mani B K , Rapol Umakant D
Published: April 2024

This article presents spectroscopy results of the

5
s
5
p

3

P
0

→
5
s
5
d

3

D
1

transition in all isotopes of laser cooled Sr atoms and the utility of this transition for repumping application. By employing the

5
s
5
p

3

P

0

→
5
s
5
d

3

D
1

(483 nm) transition in combination with the excitation of

5
s
5
p

3

P
2

→
5
s
6
s

3

S
1

(707 nm) transition, we observe a significant increase (∼13 fold) in the steady state number of atoms in the magneto-optic trap. This enhancement is attributed to the efficient repumping of Sr atoms that have decayed into the dark

5
s
5
p

3

P
2

state by returning them to the ground state

5

s
2

1

S
0

without any loss into the other states. The absolute transition frequencies were measured with an absolute accuracy of 30 MHz. To support our measurements, we performed Fock-space relativistic coupled-cluster calculations of the relevant parameters in Sr To further increase the accuracy of the calculated properties, corrections from the Breit, quantum electrodynamical and perturbative triples were also included. The calculated branching ratio for the repumping state confirms the significantly increased population in the

3

P
1

state. Thereby, leading to an increase of population of atoms trapped due to the enhanced repumping. Our calculated hyperfine-splitting energies are in excellent agreement with the measured values. Moreover, our calculated isotope shifts in the transition frequencies are in good agreement with our measured values.
Characteristics of shock wave in 355 nm laser-induced damage growth in fused silica
Authors: Liu Hufeng , Miao Xinxiang , Wang Biyi , Wang Chenzhuo , Wu Meng , Lü Tao , Jiang Yong
Published: April 2024

During the 355 nm laser-induced damage growth in fused silica, the distance of shock wave propagation decreases as the irradiation number increases. The dynamic image of the damage reveals that the growth of the damage cavity region is one of the primary reasons for the variation in shock wave propagation distance and structure. The growth coefficient and the depth-to-diameter ratio of the cavity are closely related to the decrease in shock wave propagation distance. Based on the Taylor–Sedov theory, this work presents a modified scaling that couples the growth coefficient with the depth-to-diameter ratio. The calculated results are in agreement with the experiment. It is a valuable complement to the study of shockwave propagation characteristics of damage growth.
Inverse design of polymorphic reconfigurable metamaterial absorbers based on a dual-input neural network
Authors: Wang Shuqin , Ma Qiongxiong , Chen Yue , Ding Wen , Guo Jianping
Published: April 2024

In recent years, deep learning-based design methods for metamaterial absorbers have attracted much attention; however, the problem of structural homogeneity in inverse design constrains their further development. This paper, proposes a metamaterial absorber composed of the phase change material Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 and titanium. To give the metamaterial absorber a richer structure, we divide its Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 layer and top titanium layer into 36 small squares. In a dual-input neural network-based inverse design, this means that metamaterial absorbers with more types of absorption characteristics can be designed. We utilize this approach to design a reconfigurable metamaterial absorber that exhibits a large absorption bandwidth when the Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 layer is in both the crystalline and amorphous. This absorption bandwidth covers the range of solar wavelengths available to humans. Compared with previous research methods, our method eliminates the step of finding the optimal structure. In addition, we have designed metamaterial absorbers with structural diversity and reconfigurability.
Enhanced cryogenic magnetocaloric performance and the existence of short-range magnetic correlations in frustrated diamond geometries
Authors: Kumar Jogendra , Mukherjee K
Published: April 2024

The magnetocaloric effect in the cryogenic temperature regime has gained enormous attention due to its application in the field of cryogenic refrigeration technology, which is required for quantum computing, space sciences and basic research activities. In this context, Gd- and Dy-based frustrated systems are considered as promising cryogenic magnetocaloric materials. Hence, in this paper the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of GdTaO4, GdNbO4 and DyNbO4 are comprehensively investigated. Structural analysis suggests that these compounds crystallize in a monoclinic structure, wherein magnetic ions form an elongated diamond geometry. Analysis of magnetization, heat capacity and field-dependent magnetic entropy changes confirms the presence of short-range magnetic correlations in these compounds. Additionally, a remarkably large magnetic entropy change and relative cooling power are noted. The mechanical efficiency is found to be comparable to (or even better than) those reported for good magnetic refrigerants. Our study suggests that GdTaO4, GdNbO4 and DyNbO4 can be regarded as promising cryogenic magnetic refrigerant materials.
Effect of non-uniform carrier injection on two-state lasing in quantum dot microdisks with split electrical contact
Authors: Karaborchev A A , Makhov I S , Shandyba N A , Chernenko N E , Solodovnik M S , Kryzhanovskaya N V , Zhukov A E
Published: April 2024

In this papaer, the emission characteristics of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) microdisk lasers, of different cavity diameters, with a top split electrical contact formed using the focused ion beam technique are investigated. The dependences of the threshold currents of two-state lasing (i.e. currents corresponding to the start of the ground- and excited-state lasing) for microdisks of 24 and 28 μm diameters on the electrical contact area are presented. The contact area was found to influence the threshold currents of two-state lasing in microdisks. It is shown that a decrease in the area of the injected electrical contact leads to a decrease in the current corresponding to the start of the excited-state lasing, while the ground-state (GS) lasing threshold remains virtually unchanged. The temperature evolution of the threshold currents for two-state lasing was also studied in microdisks with different electrical contact areas. We demonstrate that the use of contacts of different areas is a method of controlling the threshold currents of two-state lasing and can be used in engineering of QD lasers intended, for example, for multi-level signal transmission with wavelength multiplexing by switching from the GS to excited-state lasing.
Dual-band infrared metamaterial perfect absorber for narrow-band thermal emitters
Authors: Xuan Khuyen Bui , Ngoc Nguyen Van , Ngoc Dung Dinh , Hai Nguyen Phon , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Son Tung Bui , Dinh Lam Vu , Truong Giang Ho , Tan Pham Duy , Chen Liangyao , Zheng Haiyu , Lee YoungPak
Published: April 2024

Our study introduces a metamaterial with a straightforward disk-like configuration that exhibits two prominent absorption peaks at wavelengths of 3960 and 4197 nm, with absorption of 96.3% and 94.1%, respectively. The design not only proved to be convenient for the practical fabrication, but also revealed a resilience to the changes in structural parameters. Moreover, this offers versatility across a wide range of applications, due to the polarization-independent behavior. Additionally, the investigation on thermal emission by integrating the metasurface on a spiral structured heat source has yielded a promising result. The metasurface emitter reduced the energy consumption by 35%, compared with the blackbody emitter. The emission intensity at the aforementioned wavelength is 1.75 × 109 and 1.8 × 109 W·sr−1·m−3, respectively, indicating that the high potential of structure for the practical deployment in next-generation microheater of CO2 sensors.
Unraveling the influence of nitration on pore formation time in electroporation of cell membranes: a molecular dynamics simulation approach
Authors: Niyozaliev Mukhammadali , Matyakubov Jakhongir , Abduvokhidov Davronjon , Attri Pankaj , Chen Zhitong , Razzokov Jamoliddin
Published: April 2024

Electroporation, the transient permeabilization of cell membranes induced by electric fields, is an essential technique in biomedicine, facilitating gene delivery, drug transport, and cancer therapy. Despite its wide application, the influence of nitration, a biological modification involving the addition of nitro groups to phospholipids, on electroporation dynamics remains understudied. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of nitration on pore formation during electroporation. By systematically varying nitration levels and electric field strengths, we explore the nuanced interplay between nitration and electroporation kinetics. Our simulations reveal that increasing nitration levels significantly accelerate pore formation, with notable reductions in pore formation times observed at higher nitration percentages and stronger electric fields. This phenomenon underscores the modulatory role of nitration in altering the dynamics of electroporation. Additionally, our study sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying this process, providing essential insights for optimizing electroporation protocols in gene therapy, drug delivery, plasma cancer treatment and related biomedical applications. These findings illuminate the synergistic relationship between nitration and electroporation, paving the way for future advancements in this vital field.
Spectral diagnosis of underwater microsecond high-current pulsed discharge plasma
Authors: Shijie Huang , Yi Liu , Liuxia Li , Fuchang Lin , Chenqian Zeng , Ning Yang , Tianyu Wang , Hongbin Liao
Published: April 2024

Underwater microsecond high-current pulsed discharge can generate powerful shock waves and a significant number of active ions, offering a wide range of applications. To analyse the characteristics of plasma channel formed by the discharge, this study established a comprehensive test platform and conducted spectral diagnosis for underwater high-current pulsed discharge. Considering the randomness of the pulsed arc discharge, the voltage and current waveforms under different discharge cases were measured, and the images and emission spectra of the plasma channel were obtained. The origin of the continuous emission of the initial spectra was analysed. A spectral fitting algorithm was proposed, which could separate the spectral lines into line emission of Hα and continuous background, and correct the self-absorption. The time-varying characteristics of electron density were obtained under three typical discharge cases, the possible errors caused by baseline shift were considered, and the influencing factors of line broadening were analysed. Under the test conditions of this study, the electron density of plasma channel was in the order of 1024–1025 m−3.
High frame rate acoustic navigation of AUV based on range ambiguity suppression
Authors: Li Jing , Fu Jin , Zou Nan , Qiu Longhao , Zhang Xinyu
Published: April 2024

Underwater acoustic navigation is extensively utilized across many industries due to its exceptional dependability and continuous real-time functionality. Due to the swift advancement of technology in recent years, the velocity of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has progressively increased. A high frame rate is required for the underwater acoustic navigation system in order to precisely obtain the trajectory of the AUV. Nevertheless, the discrepancy lies in the fact that the high frame rate and the unambiguous measurement could be seen as contradictory. Higher frame rates greatly raise the probability of range ambiguity, leading to various potential pseudo solutions that exacerbate the difficulty of accurate positioning and noticeably impact navigation performance. To address the aforementioned issue, a high frame rate acoustic navigation technique that relies on the suppression of range ambiguity has been studied in this paper. Initially, the relationship between measurements were investigated, specifically the time delay and Doppler shift, and the confusing periodic leap. Subsequently, the coupling model was employed to develop a high-precision acoustic navigation model, taking into account the statistical characteristics of measurements. We also examined a high-precision solving approach. Ultimately, the proposed method was validated through both simulation analysis and field testing to confirm its practicality and efficiency. The results demonstrate that it can attain a high level of accuracy in resolving the ambiguous problem and achieve high-precise acoustic navigation.
A novel three-module real-time adjustable accuracy speed estimator for active magnetic bearing system
Authors: Bian Xiaoyu , Shi Zhengang , Mo Ni , Tang Xiaoxuan , Yu Linfeng , Zhang Shitan
Published: April 2024

This research aims to investigate the rotational speed estimation in active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. Rotational speed sensors are commonly employed for speed acquisition. Nevertheless, with the continuous advancement of AMB system, the inherent weaknesses of the speed sensors are becoming increasingly prominent in practical applications. Therefore, achieving online speed estimation can effectively address the engineering challenges arising from deficiencies in speed sensors. However, in terms of robustness, accuracy, and tracking performance, the existing speed estimation algorithms are insufficient to simultaneously meet the requirements of the AMB system. Moreover, present techniques are challenging to address prevalent issues in the AMB system, such as noise, harmonic interference, amplitude variations, and misalignment of the rotor axis trajectory. To tackle these problems, this work designs a novel three-module real-time adjustable accuracy speed estimator for AMB system. The algorithm employs displacement signals to estimate the rotational speed. And, it can flexibly adjust its noise resistance and accuracy through parameter tuning. Additionally, it can significantly diminish the influence of noise, harmonic interference, amplitude variations, and misalignment of the rotor axis trajectory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm and validate its superior performance in robustness, accuracy, and tracking performance.
Discrete and continuous odor quantification in gas-phase odor biosensor
Authors: Deng Hongchao , Mitsuno Hidefumi , Kanzaki Ryohei , Nakamoto Takamichi
Published: April 2024

Cells expressing heterologous olfactory receptors (ORs) were commonly used as the sensing elements in odor biosensors owing to their high sensitivity and selectivity. However, The odor quantification performance of these biosensors especially in speed and accuracy aspects is not so favorable yet. To overcome this problem, we proposed discrete and continuous odor quantification. In this study, two ORs, Or13a and Or56a, and their agonists, 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin were used. The cell images were handled online to accelerate the processing speed. The odor intensity that we intended to quantify was the target odor, the odor intensity that we provided was the generated odor. The target and generated odors were repeatedly applied thus mitigating the sensor drift and aging influence. The target odor quantification outcome could be one of several discrete candidates (discrete quantification) or a continuous value computed based on the standard response curve (continuous quantification). We first obtained the typical results of the discrete and continuous quantification methods using single OR. After this, we executed the experiments in multiple target odor intensities and made a comparison between two methods. Discrete quantification was simpler while continuous quantification was faster and more accurate. In addition, both methods were tested under binary odor mixture conditions and their quantification results were satisfactory. The methods proposed here will benefit the on-site precise quantification of odor biosensors.
Advances in performance degradation mechanism and safety assessment of LiFePO4 for energy storage
Authors: Xiao Zhongliang , Chen Taotao , Zhao Tingting , Song Liubin , Yuan Rongyao , Liu Cheng , Zhong Guobin , Xu Kaiqi , Yan Qunxuan , Cai Jinfeng , Peng Xiaoxin , Xia Haowu
Published: April 2024

In the context of ‘energy shortage’, developing a novel energy-based power system is essential for advancing the current power system towards low-carbon solutions. As the usage duration of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage increases, the nonlinear changes in their aging process pose challenges to accurately assess their performance. This paper focuses on the study LiFeO4(LFP), used for energy storage, and explores their performance degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, it introduces common battery models and data structures and algorithms, which used for predicting the correlation between electrode materials and physical parameters, applying to state of health assessment and thermal warning. This paper also discusses the establishment of digital management system. Compared to conventional battery networks, dynamically reconfigurable battery networks can realize real-time monitoring of lithium-ion batteries, and reduce the probability of fault occurrence to an acceptably low level.
Respiratory rate monitoring in ICU patients and healthy volunteers using electrical impedance tomography: a validation study
Authors: Wisse J J , Flinsenberg M J W , Jonkman A H , Goos T G , Gommers D
Published: April 2024

Objective. The respiratory rate (RR) is considered one of the most informative vital signals. A well-validated standard for RR measurement in mechanically ventilated patient is capnography; a noninvasive technique for expiratory CO2 measurements. Reliable RR measurements in spontaneously breathing patients remains a challenge as continuous mainstream capnography measurements are not available. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of RR measurement using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in healthy volunteers and intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation and spontaneously breathing post-extubation. Comparator methods included RR derived from both capnography and bioimpedance electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. Approach. Twenty healthy volunteers wore an EIT belt and ECG electrodes while breathing through a capnometer within a 10–40 breaths per minute (BPM) range. Nineteen ICU patients underwent similar measurements during pressure support ventilation and spontaneously breathing after extubation from mechanical ventilation. Stable periods with regular breathing and no artefacts were selected, and agreement between measurement methods was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis for repeated measurements. Main result. Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias less than 0.2 BPM, with tight limits of agreement (LOA) ±1.5 BPM in healthy volunteers and ventilated ICU patients when comparing EIT to capnography. Spontaneously breathing ICU patients had wider LOA (±2.5 BPM) when comparing EIT to ECG bioimpedance, but gold standard comparison was unavailable. RR measurements were stable for 91% of the time for capnography, 68% for EIT, and 64% of the ECG bioimpedance signals. After extubation, the percentage of stable periods decreased to 48% for EIT signals and to 55% for ECG bioimpedance. Significance. In periods of stable breathing, EIT demonstrated excellent RR measurement accuracy in healthy volunteers and ICU patients. However, stability of both EIT and ECG bioimpedance RR measurements declined in spontaneously breathing patients to approximately 50% of the time.