bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Media Ajar Worksheet Guna Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Kelas X Pada Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi
Authors: Iqbal Yan , Rahmadhani Rahmadhani
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini merupakan rangkaian penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas X pada mata pelajaran sosiologi materi penelitian sosial dengan menggunakan media belajar worksheet di SMAM 9 Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitiaan tindakan kelas (PTK) model Kurt Lewin empat tahapan planing, acting, observing dan reflecting. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 32 orang siswa dengan analisis menggunakan observasi perhitungan skala Likkert.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada dua siklus, menunjukan terjadi peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa di pada siklus dua dari kondisi siswa yang pasif dan monoton menjadi lebih aktif dan dalam proses belajar mengajar menjadi lebih terarah sehinnga tujuan pembelajaran tercapai.
Integrasi Game dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Ikrami Riskami Wal , Pratiwi Nanik , Fatmariza Fatmariza
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menggambarkan penerapan pembelajaran yang diintegrasikan dengan game dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar Pendidikan Pancasila kelas VII.A Sekolah Menengah Pertama Pembangunan Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Padang. Ini dilatarbelaki adanya indikasi rendahnya motivasi belajar murid sehingga pembelajaran tidak berjalan efisien dan efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan dengan dua siklus dan data dikumupulkan melalui pengamatan langsung. Sebanyak 27 orang siswa di kelas VII.A dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa khususnya pada materi menghargai budaya lokal secara signifikan. Pada materi menghargai budaya lokal pembelajaran diintegrasikan dengan aktivitas game sehingga sekurang-kurangnya terlihat 70% rata-rata persentase motivasi belajar siswa.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Grup Investigasi (GI) dalam Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan Kerjasama Peseta Didik pada Pembelajaran Sosiologi
Authors: Hadi Eril Sastra , Rahmadhani Rahmadhani , Putra Eka Vidya
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya keterampilan kerjasama peserta didik di kelas X.E3 SMAN 9 Padang. Hal ini yang menjadi pendorong peneliti untuk melakukan penerapan model pembelajaran grup investigasi dalam upaya peningkatan keterampilan kerjasama peserta didik pada pembelajaran sosiologi. Penelitian ini berguna bagi guru mata pelajaran Sosilogi sebagai salah satu pedoman dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan keterampilan kerjasama peserta didik demi tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran dengan baik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif (PTKK), dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran grup investigasi.
The effect of company size and inventory intensity on tax aggressiveness with political connections as a moderating variable in agricultural sector companies listed on the BEI for the period 2019-2023
Authors: Pratama Dewi Amalia Cipta , Rusdiansyah Nurul , Rosyidah Dania Meida , Heliani Heliani
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the effect of company size and inventory intensity on tax aggressiveness with political connections as a moderating variable in agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019-2023 period. The research method used is quantitative analysis with multiple linear regression analysis methods involving 40 companies selected through purposive sampling techniques. The analysis shows that company size and inventory intensity significantly influence tax aggressiveness. In addition, political connections have been proven to moderate the relationship between company size, inventory intensity, and tax aggressiveness. This finding suggests that companies with political connections tend to aggressively take advantage of their position to reduce the tax burden. This study contributes to the accounting literature by highlighting the important role of political connections in corporate tax management strategies. The practical implication of this research is the need for stricter regulations to minimize opportunities for abuse of tax policies by politically connected companies.
The impact of short-form content characteristics and information credibility on consumer behavioral intention
Authors: Park Cheol-Woo , Kang Gyung-Lan
Published: January 2025

Short-form content has the potential for virality and broad sharing, allowing businesses to reach large audiences in a short period of time. This type of content has transformed traditional marketing approaches, capturing the attention and curiosity of Generation Z, thereby leading to the rise of digital marketing. As Generation Z is the next generation of consumers and their purchasing power increases as they enter the workforce, marketers need to understand the factors influencing their attitudes and purchase intentions. This study aims to explore the relationship between the growing presence of short-form advertising content in corporate marketing strategies and consumer behavioral intentions. To achieve this, the sub-characteristics of short-form content were categorized into expertise, ease of use, and entertainment value, while information reliability was set as a mediating variable. Data was collected through a survey of 256 adults residing in Busan and Gyeongnam, and analyzed using SPSS 28.0. The findings of the study revealed that most sub-characteristics of short-form content advertisements positively influenced both recommendation and purchase intentions. Additionally, information reliability was identified as a significant mediating factor between short-form content and consumer behavioral intentions. These results provide important insights for corporate marketers and advertising professionals, as they offer valuable guidance on how to influence consumer purchase intentions effectively.
Toxicity, antifeedant and repellent activities of five essential oils on adult Cassida vittata Vill. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Charkaoui Achraf , Jbilou Rachid , Annaz Houssam , Rharrabe Kacem
Published: January 2025

In Morocco, the sugar beet crop is severely harmed by the insect pest Cassida vittata Vill. which affects its yield quantity and quality. Chemical pesticides are considered the most common strategy to control this pest, and their use is extremely harmful to human health and the environment. In this context, the adults of C. vittata were exposed to five essential oils (EOs) obtained from: Artemisia herba alba Asso. (Asteraceae), Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae), Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), and Shinus terebinthifolius Raddi. (Anacardiaciae). Their contact and fumigant activity was evaluated every 24 h for 3 days. Their repellent effect was tested by filter paper and sugar beet discs every 5 min for 30 min. Their antifeedant effect, via Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested Food (ECI) and The Feeding Deterrence Index (FDI),was evaluated using three doses in each experiment. For the contact toxicity, M. pulegium, A. herba alba and R. officinalis showed the highest mortality rates with 100, 92 and 78%, respectively, after 24 h at 0.283 μl · cm–2. For the fumigant toxicity, 100% mortality was observed at the highest concentration of M. pulegium after 24 h and from A. herba alba with 88 and 96 after 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Regard­ing the repellent effect by filter paper, the repellency of R. officinalis and A. herba alba was 82.92 and 57.85%, respectively. However, M. pulegium showed 63% of repellency after 5 min at 0.057 μl · cm–2. In the antifeedant test, M. pulegium gave significant results in all nutritional indices. In conclusion, M. pulegium was the most effective in all tests used in this study. Our findings promote the use of these essential oils as efficient biocontrol compounds against the adults of C. vittata.
Invasive mealybug Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel and Miller on Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. on the seed rhizome in storage: a record of a new host
Authors: Rohimatun  , Rahmah Nida Nur , Sartiami Dewi , Aisyah Mahindra Dewi Nur , Miftakhurohmah Miftakhurohmah , Melati  , Rusmin Devi , Madiningsih Tri Lestari
Published: January 2025

Mealybug is a renowned pest known to attack agricultural products from the field to the post-harvest process, such as on the seed rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa. Therefore, this study aimed to examine and identify the species of mealybug on the seed rhizomes of C. aeruginosa based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Fifty mealybugs were collected from the seed rhizomes of C. aeruginosa in the storage room in Bogor (Indonesia) using a soft brush. They were transferred to new C. aeruginosa rhizomes without any other insects present. Morphological identification based on observation of mounted specimens of 10 female adults and six for molecular identification. The primer pair that amplified the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was used to study the molecular characteristics and was continued with direct sequencing and sequence analysis. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of the mounted specimen were close to those of Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi. Amplification of the COI gene yielded DNA bands measuring 490 base pairs (bp), while homology and phylogeny analysis confirmed the morphological identification. Based on BLAST analysis, the similarity of COI genes of mealybugs in this study was above 99% with other P. jackbeardsleyi. The study specimen was identified as P. jackbeardsleyi on the seed rhizomes of C. aeruginosa by comparing the morphological features of insect specimens and results of the species available in GeneBank. This result represented the first documented report about the presence of the species in storage.
Report on emerging foliar soft rot disease on ginseng Panax vietnamensis and the identification of Neocosmospora ipomoeae and Fusarium miscanthi as the causal pathogens
Authors: Duong Hau T. , Pham Duong T. , Pham Van T. , Le Anh H. , Nguyen Toi D. , Nguyen Nam X. , Khuat Chung T. , Dinh Hang T.
Published: January 2025

In the spring-summer season of 2022, a disease outbreak occurred in Kon Tum province, the native habitat of Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis (Ngoc Linh ginseng), affecting (scattered) a farming area of more than 50,000 ginseng plants. In relation to this a survey was conducted on a total area of 15 ha, covering ginseng farms in Kon Tum and some other main ginseng planting areas in Vietnam. Two main foliar diseases were recorded in the survey: a previously reported anthracnose disease and a new foliar soft rot disease that occurred with a disease incidence of 1–30% and 2–26%, respectively. The latter was not reported for other Panax ginseng varieties, but only for P. vietnamensis. Among 79 fungal strains isolated from infected leaves, two strains NL5 and KT2.1.2 were identified as true pathogens causing foliar soft rot disease according to the results of pathogenicity tests (following Koch’s postulates), which confirmed a disease index of 12% for both strains. Based on microscopic morphology and comparative analyses of ITS, TEF1, and BT2 sequences, the two strains were identified as Neocosmospora ipomoeae NL5 and Fusarium miscanthi KT2.1.2. The newly discovered foliar soft rot disease on ginseng P. vietnamensis and the associated pathogens N. ipomoeae and F. miscanthi reported in this study raised concern about measures that should be taken to control this disease on Panax ginseng.
Reflexive Verbs In Polish: On The Inclusion Of Slavic Language Into A Model Based On Germanic Languages
Authors: Zuchewicz Karolina , Czarnetzki Lilli
Published: January 2025

This article examines whether and to what extent Polish can be integrated into a model based on Germanic languages. The model deals with the categorization and use of reflexive verbs and pronouns. In addition to some similarities between languages and language families, the phenomena in which there are disagreements are of particular interest. Polish has usage types that were not taken into account in the model due to their absence in the original languages under study. These include the use of reflexive verbs as licensors of null objects. License elements are language elements/constructs that allow other language elements to appear. Reflexive verbs in Polish license or allow the occurrence of null objects, which means that null objects in combination with reflexive verbs lead to a well-formed construction.
Developmet the Complex Technology for Highly Concentrated Acid Solutions of Electroplating Industry
Authors: IVANENKO Olena , DOVHOLAP Sergii , NOSACHOVA Yuliia , PLASHYKHIN Sergii , PAVLIUK Nonna , SKLADANNYY Denys
Published: January 2025

The paper presents the results of research on the application of ion-exchange processes for the extraction of iron (II) and copper (II) ions from liquid acid wastes of electroplating production. In the course of experimental studies, it was shown that with an increase in the concentration of sulfuric acid, the total exchangeable dynamic capacity (TEDC) of the cationite significantly decreases both during the sorption of iron ions and during the sorption of copper ions. At the same time, an increase in the iron (II) ions concentration leads to a significant increase in TEDC – even with a sulfuric acid concentration of 8–13 g/dm3, TEDC reached the level of 1.35 g-eq/dm3, which corresponds to the sorption level of neutral dilute solutions. However, it can be seen from the total concentration that the efficiency of sorption of metals from acidic solutions remains quite high and increases with the increase of the initial total content of sorbed ions. The main indicator used when choosing an ion exchange method is the possibility of effective regeneration of the cation exchange material. When using a 5% solution of sulfuric acid already at the specific consumption of the regeneration solution, it was possible to achieve a degree of regeneration at the level of 95–98%, and when using a 10% solution, the degree of regeneration reached 100%. According to the research results, a technological scheme for processing regeneration solutions by precipitation of metals from regeneration solutions into magnetites in a ferritizer reactor was proposed.
Application of Sludge-Based Adsorbent for Acid Red 18 Adsorption
Authors: PIECZYKOLAN Barbara
Published: January 2025

A study was conducted on the use of excess activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant as an adsorbent in the removal of Acid Red 18. The excess sludge was thermally modified using microwave radiation. The study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using this type of waste adsorbent in the batch adsorption process to remove a selected synthetic dye. Moreover, the experiments were aimed at analyzing the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of the batch adsorption process. Experimental results showed that in the case of adsorption kinetics, a greater match with experimental results was obtained for the pseudo-second-order model. This indicates that the adsorption process was chemical in nature. In the case of adsorption isotherm analysis, it showed that the best fit to experimental results was obtained for the Langmuir, Sips, and Toth isotherm models. Thus, this indicates the occurrence of a single-layer adsorption process. The determined values of adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir, Sips, and Toth models are in the range of 71.6 mg/g–79.0 mg/g.
Assessment of Environmental Risks from Pollution by Toxic Emissions in Heat Treatment Process of Electrode Production
Authors: IVANENKO Olena , VAHIN Andrii , SHABLIY Tetyana , TERESHCHENKO Oksana , SHVACHKO Denis , PLASHYKHIN Sergii , PAVLIUK Nonna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this work is to assess the risks to the health of the population living in the zone of influence of emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air from the operating enterprise for the production of carbon electrodes and to generalize the experience of applying the procedure for assessing risks and damage to the health of the population in the system of new monitoring and management mechanisms air quality. The risk assessment of the impact of planned activities on the health of the population from atmospheric air pollution was carried out based on the risk calculations of the devel-opment of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. During the assessment of the risk to public health from the emissions of the enterprise for the production of carbon electrodes, carbon monoxide was identified as one of the priority pollutants, to reduce the emissions of which it is proposed to use catalytic methods in the furnaces for firing and graphitizing carbon electrodes. Based on the results of the conducted research, it is proposed to introduce technologies that will allow to achieve the maximum permissible emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during heat treatment.
A review of null models in community ecology: a different robust viewpoint for understanding statistical community ecology
Authors: De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio R. , Ghory Farhana S.
Published: January 2025

One classic definition of ecology is that it is the science that studies the distribution and abundance of biotic components and their relationship with abiotic components. The use of statistical tools is very important for understanding ecology, especially the distribution and abundance of biotic components. The classic statistical viewpoint was that an ecological community (an interaction of different species in defined time and space) has a determined structure due to biotic and abiotic interactions. Nevertheless, this classic viewpoint has the risk of proneness to type I errors or “false positives”. In this situation, null models were proposed that have the premise that community ecology is random, meaning the absence of structure, and the null hypothesis for these models is the absence of regular structured patterns. The present study is a review of null models and their application to aquatic environments. These null models include three main models: for species co-occurrence, asserting that species associations are random; for size overlap, asserting that the size structure of species in the community is random, as a strategy for use of ecological niche; and for niche overlap, asserting that species in a community can share a defined ecological niche with consequent interspecific competition.
The Role of Government in Tackling Income Inequality: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Zimčík Petr , Pakšiová Renáta , Semerád Pavel , Brauner Roman
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of government interventions in lowering income inequality in post-communist economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The focus is set on three key policy instruments: progressive income taxation, social transfers, and minimum wage regulations. We use the Gini coefficient for market income and the Gini coefficient for disposable income to quantify income inequality in observed economies and to estimate how government policies tend to create differences between these two measures. We use open panel data from period 2012–2021 to determine the latest effects of these policies in the post-communist CEE economies. The main finding is the positive role of progressive income taxation, which significantly lowers the Gini coefficient for disposable income, effectively lowering income inequality in observed economies.
Comparative Analysis of Social Services Reform in Slovenia, Austria and Croatia: Legal-Administrative Perspective
Authors: Babšek Matej , Tomaževič Nina , Kovač Polonca
Published: January 2025

Social services within predominantly service-based public administration are undergoing constant reforms in response to evolving social circumstances. These reforms should align with international and constitutional principles, including the rule of law, the welfare state, and public governance, and rely on the assessment of the gap between the current state of affairs and the desired situation. Reforms of the competences and organisation of social work institutions should be analysed in comparison with related systems, taking into account national and sector-specific characteristics. The objective of this research was to examine, from a legal-administrative perspective, the reforms of social services in three systems building on the Rechtsstaat tradition: Slovenia, Austria, and Croatia. A qualitative approach was employed as the most suitable for evaluative research. The methodology included a literature review, semi-structured interviews, relational content analysis of reform policy documents and public administration performance reports, and a systemic analysis of the codification of administrative procedure as the formal legal framework for providing social services. The results show that the reforms of social services in Slovenia and Croatia share similarities as they focus on the Weberian context, with all the challenges associated with such formalised reforms. In contrast, Austrian reforms, influenced by a hybrid public management, are more results-oriented and thus able to provide user-oriented services.
Towards Cognitive Cultural Didactics in foreign language education
Authors: Wirag Andreas
Published: January 2025

Despite significant advances in the conception of cultural teaching and learning in recent decades, some unresolved problems remain. In Intercultural Learning, the cultures between which learners mediate still appear as bounded, nation-type cultures. In Transcultural Learning, it is unclear how learners could acquire knowledge of an unstable, dynamic, and hybrid object. This article suggests Cognitive Cultural Didactics, which relies on the concept of cognitive scripts, i.e., generic mental representations of everyday activities. Cognitive Cultural Didactics reconsiders cultural learning as the additive acquisition of cognitive scripts that govern everyday interactions in geographically more remote locations. By doing so, the cognitive paradigm can resolve some of the current intercultural and transcultural learning limitations. Moreover, Cognitive Cultural Didactics has essential implications for Anti-Racist Pedagogy. It may serve as an antidote against a racist mindset that puts people into binary categories based on skin colour, place of birth, or parents’ place of birth (‘Us’ vs. ‘Them’).

In contrast, Cognitive Cultural Didactics highlight that everybody has a complex collection of scripts reflecting their multi-faceted past experiences and observations. As a result, no person, whether born abroad or not, with native parents or not, can usefully be described with binary labels that simplify their actual complexity. A racist mindset can thus empirically be shown to be untenable with study evidence from cognitive research.
Exploring undergraduate students’ general attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence: A perspective from Vietnam
Authors: Tien Le Minh
Published: January 2025

Undergraduate students’ attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing countries like Vietnam are rarely explored despite AI’s increasing presence in higher education. This study aims to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate students towards AI. A quantitative research method was used, involving a self-reported survey questionnaire. The sample consisted of 460 undergraduate students (196 males and 264 females) from five public and private universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Data collection took place through a cross-sectional survey in November and December 2023. The General Attitudes Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS), originally developed and validated in English by Schepman and Rodway (2020), was adapted to Vietnamese for this study. The scale comprised 20 items to evaluate students’ attitudes towards AI. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, t-tests, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.705 for the total variable, demonstrating acceptable reliability. Consequently, Vietnamese undergraduate students displayed moderately positive attitudes towards AI. The findings also revealed no significant difference in attitudes based on gender, but there was a notable variation based on the student’s year of study at university.
The effects of residency experience in English-speaking countries on English lexical bundle usage among Korean university students
Authors: Chung Julian , Lee Kyoung Rang
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to analyse the usage of English lexical bundles among university students who transitioned to Korean universities after extended periods in English-speaking countries. It was assumed that the duration of their stay would lead to distinct English language usage patterns. Ten participants were recruited: those who resided abroad for more than 5 years (six learners) and those who lived abroad for less than 5 years (four learners). Interviews were conducted, yielding an average of 30 minutes for each interview. The results revealed significant differences in word frequency and trigram usage in terms of students’ duration of stay. In other words, the residency experience in English-speaking countries influenced their language use patterns even though their current proficiency remained the same. Students with more extended stays showed greater trigram diversity and native-like patterns with VP and NP-PP fragments. In comparison, students with shorter stays displayed a prevalence of skewed VP fragment use and had narrower trigram usage. The factors contributing to their differing language use patterns should be investigated further when maintaining similar proficiency levels. Despite some limitations, such as excluding the impact of individual motivation, the findings highlight the importance of individualised language learning approaches, even among learners with similar proficiency levels.
Durability of Concrete with Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Helsing Elisabeth , Brander Linus , Martinsson Peter
Published: January 2025

A demand for a more sustainable use of resources entails that recycled aggregate material need to be used in advanced applications, as in concrete. Even if regulations and standards permit the use of recycled aggregate in concrete, the amount used for this application in many countries is negligible. This caution of the potential users is partly due to the uncertainty about how recycled aggregate, from construction and demolition waste and from washed excavation masses, influence the durability of concrete, such as alkali-silica resistance (ASR), frost resistance and carbonation. Choosing a binder that mitigate damaging alkali silica reactions is an effective means to diminish the risk for damage, even with alkali-reactive recycled aggregate. However, the alkali content of crushed concrete used as aggregate must be considered. No negative effect of recycled aggregate on the carbonation of concrete was observed. The uncertainty about the influence of aggregate porosity on the frost resistance of concrete, about adequate concrete test methods, about aggregate test criteria, and about the correlation between aggregate and concrete test methods need to be settled, before porous recycled aggregate like construction and demolition waste (CDW) can be used in more demanding exposure classes with respect to frost.
Form Pressure in Composite Columns of 3DPC and SCC
Authors: Silfwerbrand Johan
Published: January 2025

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) and 3D printed concrete (3DPC) are two exciting technologies with potential to increase both the productivity and the working environment in the concrete industry. Permanent 3DPC formwork filled with SCC constitutes an interesting alternative for columns. The goal is to create a composite column with complete bond between the form and the core. Laboratory studies on composite columns of this type have been conducted at KTH investigating form pressure, load-carrying capacity, and durability. This paper is focusing on the form pressure that has been an issue ever since SCC was developed in Japan in the early 1990s because of the flowing nature of this concrete type. Two tests series have been performed. In the first one, two 2.4 m high composite columns with radius R = 0.25 m were tested. The casting rate was 2.6 m/h and resulted in a form pressure approaching full hydrostatic pressure but no form failures or any leakage arose. In the second test series, four composite columns with height h = 3.0 m and R = 0.15 m were cast at a casting rate r = 1 m/h. The form pressure was close to the one calculated with Gardner’s model. No failures, cracks or leakage occurred. The results are promising but tests on columns with larger dimensions would be of even larger interest.
Diversity Management Practices in Polish Media: A Longitudinal Study of Newsroom Decisions Before and During the War in Ukraine
Authors: Jupowicz-Ginalska Anna , Gober Greta
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how Polish media managers have navigated issues related to Ukraine and Poland’s Ukrainian community during both pre-war and wartime periods. The study aims to uncover the specific practices of diversity management employed during this time by analysing actual media strategies in use. It is based on a~thematic analysis of 16 in-depth interviews with media managers, conducted at three critical points: one month before the war (five interviews), immediately a˙er its onset (eight interviews), and approximately one year later (three interviews). This methodology captures the shi˙ing perspectives of editors as the war progressed. The analysis identified key thematic categories, framed through the lens of diversity management in the media. These categories include (1) selection of (co)workers, (2) editorial management (planning, topic selection, and omission; news acquisition and verification; psychological support and language), (3) media managers’ perceptions of Poles’ attitudes toward Russians, Belarusians, and non-Ukrainian residents, (4) audiences, and (5) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of media companies.
Polarisation or Dialogue? Media Image of Polish-Ukrainian Relations During the War in Ukraine in the Broadcast of the Polish Magazine on TVP Polonia
Authors: Sosnowska Joanna
Published: January 2025

TVP Polonia adapted its programming to the war in Ukraine, focusing on the conflict’s impact, particularly on its compatriots living there, by centring much of its content around the ongoing crisis.As one of the few Polish TV stations, it had the opportunity to work with journalists permanently living in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to describe the media image of Polish-Ukrainian relations during the war in Ukraine in the television broadcast of the program “Studio Lviv” carried out by Polish journalists in Lviv. The material for analysis was selected on the basis of the following criteria: (1) temporal, the year of the war (February 2022-February 2023) a total of 50 archived episodes and (2) issues concerning the war and Polish-Ukrainian relations (in the area of topics and visualisation of communication about the war). The content analysis research is in the nature of a media-culturalist perspective (according to Denis McQualin), in which media communication gives priority to the content and form of the media message. In the area of form, the mechanisms of audiovisual message construction were indicated, while in the area of content, the research material was categorised in four main contexts located in the area of Polish-Ukrainian relations: social, historical, cultural and political contexts. Analysis of the research material showed a clear dominance in the program of the subject matter of the war in Ukraine after the outbreak of war on 24 February 2022. The perspective of Polish journalists determined the way of telling about the situation of Ukraine during the Russian onslaught and Polish-Ukrainian relations. Exposing dialogue and cooperation confirmed the hypothesis that the message of the Polish-American TV magazine on public television created a positive image of Polish-Ukrainian relations.
Perspectives of the Narration Concerning the War in Ukraine in Polish Press and Radio Reports (2022–2024)
Authors: Białek-Szwed Olga , Wójciszyn-Wasil Aneta
Published: January 2025

The Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which began in 24 February 2022, is widely covered in the Polish media. One of the forms of journalistic communication is reportage — a factual genre allowing for a multi-aspect presentation of events. The aim of this article is to present the specifics of the war in Ukraine narrative in Polish reportage. The media materials come from the years 2022–2024. The press texts were selected through a search of opinion weeklies “Polityka” and „Newsweek”, while audio reports come from the collection of the Polish Radio Reportage and Documentary Studio and Radio 357. Following the content analysis, four narrative perspectives were identified: everyday life in wartime, military, refugee and solidarity. The analysis of the lexical components shows that the war in Ukraine narrative in Polish press and radio reportage is in-depth, exposing the individual’s personal experience and emotionally engaging. It constitutes a segment of qualitative coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in the Polish media.
Polarisation in Comments Under Videos Featuring Volodymyr Zelensky Published on Youtube
Authors: Dąbrowska Ilona
Published: January 2025

In recent years, Poland has seen an increase in ideological and political polarisation. Society is divided into various dichotomies, the largest of which is the division between the two dominant political groups in Poland: Law and Justice and the Civic Platform. Polarisation is clearly visible on social networking sites, where users do not hide their views and often conduct discussions on the Internet in a very aggressive way. The aim of this study is to characterise the polarisation among comments published by YouTube users in the context of videos featuring Volodymyr Zelensky. For this purpose, Internet users’ comments posted under five different audiovisual materials published on YouTube by five different publishers were analysed. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis (content analysis) were used to show what types of comments appeared in the context of Russia’s armed attack on Ukraine. Various types of videos were examined (from interviews, through official speeches, to parodies), allowing us to illustrate Internet users’ statements in the context of various genres of recordings. A total of 650 comments were analysed. It was found that polarisation was visible in the analysed material. Dualism is formed on the axis of pro- and anti-Ukrainian and pro- and anti-Russian. Most posts deepen polarisation by affirming the actions of the side they consider closer to themselves. The conflict between defenders of both sides ranges from insulting opposing views to insulting other authors. The discussion also included comments expressing hate speech. There was a noticeable deficit of comments toning down or calming emotions. The study therefore shows that online discussions about materials involving President Volodymyr Zelensky are characterised by a high level of polarisation, vulgarisation and hate speech.
Intelligence Analysis — Prolegomena to Analytical Procedure
Authors: Sajduk Błażej
Published: January 2025

The article proposes a technique for conducting intelligence analysis aimed at developing analytical products. It consists of three stages: formulating analytical questions, stakeholder analysis, and systemic analysis using fuzzy cognitive mapping. The approach integrates theoretical concepts from political science, international relations, and security studies, operationalizing them with structured analytic techniques. The distinction between research and analysis of foreign policy is emphasized, with a focus on the latter’s practical application in decision-making. The proposed procedure aims to support the analytical process while acknowledging the importance of critical thinking and source scrutiny. The article concludes by advocating for empirical research to verify the effectiveness of structured analytical techniques and bridge the gap between academia and practical intelligence work.
What Succeeds and What Fails in Participatory Budgeting? Lessons from Wałbrzych (Poland)
Authors: Damurski Łukasz , Pach Paweł , Pachnowska Beata , Pilch Aleksandra , Szumilas Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Participatory budgeting is a popular democratic innovation used for engaging citizens in public decision-making, enabling meaningful participation in the allocation of public funding. Dating back to the 1980s it gained a momentum in the beginning of 21st century, soon becoming a mainstream tool for local governance in many parts of the world. Today the concept seems to lose its initial impetus, mainly due to the decreasing number of submitted projects and declining voter turnout. This paper presents a case study conducted in Wałbrzych (Poland) — a city having a continuous participatory budgeting programme since 2013/2014. A research workshop organised for municipality representatives in 2023 enabled an in-depth analysis of the recent dynamics of participatory processes in the city. The results offer an indicative diagnosis of the challenges faced by the city followed by the search for possible solutions. They also enable a critical review of the state of the art regarding the issues experienced in implementing participatory budgeting worldwide.
Förskolan som ensemble
Authors: Erlandsson Magnus , Riddersporre Bim , Stier Jonas
Published: January 2025

While research on pedagogical leadership usually starts from an ideal idea of what this form of leadership might be, or from governing documents, in this article we add to the understanding of how preschool principals themselves comprehend, practice, and develop their pedagogical leadership. This is done, firstly, by recounting and problematizing how principals position themselves vis-à-vis their organization and employees; secondly, by generating metaphors to capture the essence of preschool principals’ own understanding, enactment, and progress of their pedagogical leadership. The study is based on 78 texts written by preschool principals, texts that each explicitly or implicitly relate to four crucial parts of the principal's assignment, with special focus on the pedagogical leadership: the principal's 1) image of the ideal leadership, 2) interpretation of the pedagogical leadership assignment, 3) individual leadership practices, and 4) leadership development. The texts analysis is followed by a metaphorical approach, where metaphors are established and then used to develop the understanding of preschool principals’ pedagogical leadership. We argue that five metaphors can represent the principals’ understanding, enactment, and progress of their pedagogical leadership: firstly, in four subordinate metaphors – sing-along leader, conductor, dissonance, and jam session – secondly, in an over-arching metaphorical concept: the ensemble.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ANALYSIS OF 5-FLUOROURACIL LOADED GUAR GUM MICROSPHERES ON HT-29 COLON CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Kaushik Dinesh , Sardana Satish , Mishra D. N.
Published: January 2025

The present investigation was aimed to develop a new formulation containing chemically cross-linked guar gum microspheres loaded with 5-fluorouracil for targeting of colorectal cancer. The emulsification polymerization method involving the dispersion of aqueous phase of guar gum in castor oil was used to prepare spherical microspheres. Cytotoxicity analysis on HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines indicated that 5-FU loaded guar gum microspheres leads to sustained releases of drug and thus delayed apoptosis over a long period of time. In this way, 5-fluorouracil loaded guar gum microspheres have shown promising results in the management of colorectal cancer, warranting thorough in vivo study for scale up technology.
BACOPA MONNIERA -A FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Srivastava Shikha , Mishra Nidhi , Misra Upama
Published: January 2025

Bacopa moniera, a traditional Ayurvedic plant, used for centuries as a memory enhancing, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, sedative and antiepileptic agent. The plant, extract and isolated bacosides (the major active principles) have been extensively investigated in several laboratories for their different biological activities. In addition researchers have evaluated the anti-inflammatory, cardio tonic and other pharmacological effects of Bacopa monniera preparations/exracts. Therefore, in view of the important activities performed by this plant, research is an on going process over Bacopa monniera.
CURATIVE EFFECT OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK METHANOLIC EXTRACT AGAINST ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS-WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BONE EROSION
Authors: Pathak Nimish , Gohil Priyanshee , Patel Natawar Bhai , Kasture Sanjay , Jivani Nirruddin , Bhalodia Yagnik
Published: January 2025

Localized bone loss in the form of bone erosions and peri-articular osteopenia constitutes important signs for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, the effect of Albizia lebbeck Methanolic extract (AL) on the bone erosion turn over was studied by analyzing various markers of bone erosion like histological and radiological analysis of the joints in Freund’ complete adjuvant induced- arthritis in rats. The anti-arthritic activity of methanol extract of the bark of Albizia lebbeck (Mimosaceae) was evaluated against Freund’s complete adjuvant induced- arthritis induce arthritis model in rats. Arthritis was induced in rats by injecting 0.1ml of Freund’s complete adjuvant containing 6 mg of heat killed mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1ml paraffin oil into the left hind paw of the rat intradermally. AL (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally for 12 days. On 21st day of experiment, the histopathological and radiological observation was carried out along with rheumatoid factor and arthritic index. It can be concluded that Albizia lebbeck Methanolic extract (AL) possesses strong anti-arthritic property by modulating bone erosion.
SCREENING OF EMBELIA RIBES FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Suthar Maulik , Patel Rakesh , Hapani Kalindi , Patel Avani
Published: January 2025

The fruits of Embelia ribes reported to contain mainly benzoquinone derivatives such as Embelin (2, 5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1, 4-benzoquinone). Chemical structure of Embelin is having quite resemblance with the structure of natural Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinones) and the role of this is well defined in various biochemical protective mechanism. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Embelia ribes (Myrsinaceae) plant extracts using standard in vitro antifungal susceptibility test methods like NCCLS M27- A2 protocol (The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards , USA) and EUCAST (European Committee for Antifungal Susceptibility Tests). Values of the MIC50 obtained by NCCLS method revealed that Methanol extract and Embelin exhibited lowest MIC50 values against C. albican (183) which was 120 mg/L. Embelin's MIC50 values were below 700 mg/L for C. albican, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. albidus and A. flavus. Diethyl ether extract, petroleum ether extract, methanol extract and embelin obtained MIC50 in range of 300-700 mg/L against C. albican and C. parapsilosis. Petroleum ether extract showed lowest MIC50 values for C. parapsilosis (250 mg/L); C. laurintis (360 mg/L); I.orientalis (180 mg/L) and A. fumigatus(170 mg/L).
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AZOL SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES
Authors: Barve Ashutosh , Joshi Ankur , Nema Rajesh Kumar , Gehlot Sonia , Subhedar Niharika , Daniel Vivek , Singh Pramod
Published: January 2025

A series of dichlorides (Ia-h) followed by 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazol-2-Amine (II a-h) were synthesized by using various dicarboxylic acids(a-h), the further reaction of (I) was carried out with thiosemicarbazide in presence of sulphuric acid to converted into corresponding 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazol-2-Amine (II a-h) The structures of these compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR and Mass spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for the antibacterial and antifungal activity. The results show that compound (IIa), (IIe), (IIf) and (IIh) exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity at 5-100 mcg/ml.
PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Goyal BM , Bansal P , Gupta V , Kumar S , Singh R , Maithani M
Published: January 2025

Ayurveda, the science of life, deals with the holistic view of healthy living. It covers various physiology and pathology of diseases and their therapies. From time immemorial mankind's efforts and ultimate aim have been to seek eternal happiness. And his endeavour has been to overcome and seek appropriate remedies for things that stand in his way. Physical and mental well being is of prime importance towards this end Medical Science while relieving his malady assures him of a healthy life man or living being for that matter is afflicted by grief or disease even since inception. Phytochemical, Pharmacological, experimental and Clinical investigations on various medicinal plants have been conducted by many scientist, researchers etc. It may be seen that the ancient Ayurvedic physicians clearly understood the process of digestion and metabolism. Boerhaavia diffusa (Punarnava) is one of the most famous medicinal plants in the treatment of a large number of human ailments is mentioned in Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, and Sushrita Samhita. This paper explains the evidence-based information regarding the pharmacological activity of this plant. It has many ethnobotanical uses (the leaves are used as vegetable; the root juice is used to cure asthma, urinary disorders, leukorrhea, rheumatism, and encephalitis), and is medicinally used in the traditional Ayurvedic system.
CELL BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM THROUGH RESEALED ERYTHROCYTE - A REVIEW
Authors: Gupta A , Mishra AK , Bansal P , Kumar S , Gupta V , Singh R , Kalyan GS
Published: January 2025

Erythrocytes are biocompatible, biodegradable, possess long circulation half lives, and can be loaded with a variety of biologically active compounds using various chemical and physical methods. Erythrocytes are potential biocompatible vectors for different bioactive substances, including drugs. These can be used successfully as biological carriers of drugs, enzymes and peptides. There are currently diverse methods that permit drug encapsulation in erythrocytes with an appropriate yield. Erythrocytes loaded with drugs and other substances allow for different release rates to be obtained. Encapsulation in erythrocytes significantly changes the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in both animals and humans, enhancing liver and spleen uptake and targeting the reticulo-endothelial system (RES). This review explains the different method of drug loading and their characterization parameters for resealed erythrocytes. This method of drug targeting is safe and effective for longer period of time and beneficial for the society.
COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ZINC (II) IN PHARMACEUTICAL SAMPLES USING HYDROXYTRIAZENES
Authors: Khanam R. , Sharma C. J. , Khan S. , Dashora R. , Chauhan R. S. , Goswami A. K.
Published: January 2025

The present paper describes complexometric determination of Zn (II) using three hydroxytriazenes as metallochromic indicators in three medicines- Zivinal-CD, Becozine, and Vi - Syneral-Z. The hydroxytriazenes used were 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-p-carboxyphenyltriazene (HPpCPT), 3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-1-o-chlorophenyltriazene (HPoCPT), 3-hydroxy-3-p-tolyl-1-p-sulphonamidophenyltriazene (HpTpSPT), respectively. Determination of zinc (II) was done by back titration method.