bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 4 from SIX4 Controls Anti-PD-1 Efficacy by Regulating STING Expression
Authors: Liang Beiyuan , Zhang Evan H. , Ye Zhen , Storts Hayden , Jin Wei , Zheng Xinru , Hylton Hannah , Zaleski Olivia , Xing Xuanxuan , Miles Wayne , Wang Jing J.
Published: November 2023

SIX4 expression is positively associated with inflammatory response in colon cancer patient specimens. A, GSEA plots of enrichment in the Inflammatory Response signatures from MsigDB in colon cancer patient samples from TCGA stratified by SIX4 expression. B, Correlation between SIX4 and STING or IFN marker gene expression in colon cancer patient samples from TCGA. C, Correlation between SIX4 and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression in colon cancer patient samples from TCGA. D, Correlation between SIX4 and CD8A expression in colon cancer patient samples from TCGA.
FIGURE 3 from SIX4 Controls Anti-PD-1 Efficacy by Regulating STING Expression
Authors: Liang Beiyuan , Zhang Evan H. , Ye Zhen , Storts Hayden , Jin Wei , Zheng Xinru , Hylton Hannah , Zaleski Olivia , Xing Xuanxuan , Miles Wayne , Wang Jing J.
Published: November 2023

Knockout of SIX4 reduces the efficacy of anti-PD-1 tumor suppression effect in vivo. A, Colony formation assays were performed in MC38 control and SIX4 knockout cells (gRNA2 and gRNA3) with representative images after MTT staining (left). After dissolving in DMSO, relative cell numbers were determined by spectrophotometry at 570 nm (right). B, Colony formation assays were performed in MC38 control and SIX4-overexpressing cells with representative images after MTT staining (left). After dissolving in DMSO, relative cell numbers were determined by spectrophotometry at 570 nm (right). C, Xenograft tumor growth curves of MC38 control and SIX4 knockout (KO) cells treated with a control IgG or an anti-PD-1 antibody are shown. N = 10. D, Images of tumors at the endpoint of experiments (day 21) are shown. The unit of the rulers is cm. E, Representative images of IHC staining of CD8 in control and SIX4 knockout tumors. Scale bars: 100 µm. F, Quantification of percentage of CD8-positive cells. Results are shown as mean ± SD. **, P < 0.01.
FIGURE 2 from SIX4 Controls Anti-PD-1 Efficacy by Regulating STING Expression
Authors: Liang Beiyuan , Zhang Evan H. , Ye Zhen , Storts Hayden , Jin Wei , Zheng Xinru , Hylton Hannah , Zaleski Olivia , Xing Xuanxuan , Miles Wayne , Wang Jing J.
Published: November 2023

SIX4 modulates STING activation in colon cancer cells. A, MC38 SIX4 knockout cells and those with SIX4- or STING-reexpressing cells were treated with 10 µg/mL of DMXAA for 6 hours. Western blot analysis was performed to examine expression and phosphorylation of STING and TBK1 and ISG15 expression (left). IFNβ and CXCL10 mRNA expression was determined by Q-PCR analysis (right). B, CT26 control and SIX-overexpressing cells were treated with 10 µg/mL of DMXAA for 6 hours. Western blot analysis was performed to examine expression and phosphorylation of STING and TBK1 and ISG15 expression (left). IFNβ and CXCL10 mRNA expression was determined by Q-PCR analysis (right). The control and SIX4-overexpressing HT29 (C) and TENN (D) cells were transfected with 10 µg/mL of cGAMP. Cells were harvested for protein and RNA isolation. Western blot analysis was performed to examine expression and phosphorylation of STING, TBK1 and STAT1 and ISG15 expression (left). IFNβ and CXCL10 mRNA expression was determined by Q-PCR analysis (right). Results are shown as mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
FIGURE 1 from SIX4 Controls Anti-PD-1 Efficacy by Regulating STING Expression
Authors: Liang Beiyuan , Zhang Evan H. , Ye Zhen , Storts Hayden , Jin Wei , Zheng Xinru , Hylton Hannah , Zaleski Olivia , Xing Xuanxuan , Miles Wayne , Wang Jing J.
Published: November 2023

SIX4 regulates expression of STING mRNA and protein. A, SIX4 expression was knocked out in MC38 cells by two gRNAs (gRNA2 and gRNA3). An empty vector (V) or SIX4-expressing vector (SIX4) was introduced into SIX4 knockout cells. Depletion of SIX4 significantly reduced STING expression and reexpression of SIX4 rescued STING expression at mRNA and protein levels determined by Western blot (top) and Q-PCR (bottom) analysis, respectively. B, SIX4 was ectopically expressed in CT26, HT29, and TENN cells, which led to increased expression of STING mRNA and protein. Results are shown as mean ± SD. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Initially Diagnosed as Incontinentia Pigmenti in an Asymptomatic Teenager: A Case Report
Authors: Karmouta Reem , Tsui Irena , Khitri Monica
Published: November 2023

In this case report, we aim to illustrate a presentation of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) that closely resembles incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and the role of genetic testing that is of no cost to the patient in providing the correct diagnosis. We present a case of an 11-year-old female-to-male transgender patient with a history of hypodontia and skin hypopigmentation who was incidentally found to have a retinal lesion on ultra-widefield fundus imaging during routine screening. Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography confirmed bilateral peripheral ischemic retinopathy that was successfully treated with laser. The patient was presumed to have IP; however, genetic testing was negative. Due to cost, further genetic testing was declined by the family, and the patient had no further ocular complaints. At age 16, genetic testing became available to the patient, and the patient was found to have FEVR with LRP5 mutation. The patient began screening for comorbidities associated with LRP5 mutation. This case highlights how the ophthalmologic findings of FEVR can present identically to those of IP, and genetic testing is an invaluable tool in distinguishing between these two pathologies. Correct diagnosis of FEVR is vital in assessing other comorbidities of the disease, including osteoporosis. Furthermore, increased use of ultra-widefield fundus imaging in routine eye screening may be of great benefit for community screening of retinal disease, and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography is of significant use in the diagnosis of FEVR.
Co-Culture Device for in vitro High Throughput Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast and Cancer Cell Interactions
Authors: Germain Adam , Kim Young-Tae
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Cancers in general, and specifically lung cancer, continue to have low patient survival rates when the patient is at an advanced stage when diagnosed. It appears that the local environment, especially fibroblasts and their signaling molecules, tends to induce metastasis, increase cancer cell resistance to treatment, and aid in tumor growth rates. Since 3-D models quickly become too complex and/or expensive and therefore rarely leave the lab they are developed in, it is interesting to develop a 2-D model that more closely mimics clustered tumor formation and bulk interaction with a surrounding fibroblast environment. Methods: In the present study, we utilize an off-the-shelf stereolithography 3-D printer, standard use well plates, magnets, and metallic tubes to create a customizable 2-D co-culture system capable of being analyzed quantitatively with staining and qualitatively with standard fluorescent/brightfield microscopy to determine cancer-fibroblast interactions while also being able to test chemotherapeutic drugs in a high-throughput manner with standard 96-well plates. Results: Comparisons from monoculture and co-culture growth rates show that the presence of fibroblasts allows for significantly increased growth rates for H460 cancer. Additionally, the viability of cancer cells can be quantified with simple cell staining methods, and morphology and cell-cell interactions can be observed and studied. Discussion: The high throughput model demonstrates that boundary condition changes can be observed between cancer cells and fibroblasts based upon the different chemotherapeutics that have been administered.
Effect of Tuina Combined with Chinese Herbal Compress on Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis Syndrome: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Asawadethmetakul Paphawarin , Xie Fangfang , Xie Chaoqun , Ma Jianwen , You Yanli , Yao Fei
Published: November 2023

Indroduction: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a very common issue in young women that reduces the quality of women’s lives. Both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provide several ways to treat PD; however, TCM treatment exhibits fewer side effects for the patient. Tuina massage and Chinese herbal compresses are considered forms of external TCM therapy that have been widely used to treat PD, especially in China. Therefore, to provide the most effective and safe treatment for PD, we combined Tuina and Chinese herbal compresses together in this observational study. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) consisting of 114 participants from the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who meet inclusion criteria will be divided into two groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention group will receive Tuina combined with Chinese herbal compress therapy, while the control group will only receive Chinese herbal compress therapy. The treatment will be given 3 days before menstruation (once per day, 3 times per menstrual cycle). The primary outcome will be measured with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes will be measured by the Dysmenorrhea Symptom Score, the Chinese Medical Dysmenorrhea Symptom Score, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the pain threshold at Guanyuan (CV4). Conclusion: This study will be the first RCT that will entail the combination of Tuina and Chinese herbal compresses to treat PD in the category of cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome. If the results demonstrate that Tuina combined with a Chinese herbal compress is effective, we posit that this study will provide evidence-based references for a potential alternative treatment to treat PD in the future.
A Rare Treatable Cause of Cardiomyopathy: Primary Carnitine Deficiency
Authors: Basan Hacer , Azak Emine , Çetin İbrahim İlker , Kılıç Esra , Bilginer Gürbüz Berrak , Özbey Sümeyra Zeynep , Kasapkara Çiğdem Seher
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the solute carrier family 22 member 5 (SLC22A5) gene that encodes a high-affinity sodium-ion-dependent organic cation transporter protein (OCTN2). Carnitine deficiency can result in acute metabolic decompensation or, in a more insidious presentation, cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy associated with PCD often presents with life-threatening heart failure. This presentation also usually includes skeletal muscle myopathy. Early recognition of this disorder and treatment with carnitine can avoid life-threatening complications related to cardiomyopathy. Case Presentation: Herein, we present a 10-month-old male patient with PCD, which was diagnosed while investigating the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy and confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. Conclusion: Homozygous c.254_265 insGGCTCGCCACC (p.I89Gfs) pathogenic variant of the SLC22A5 gene was detected. With oral L-carnitine supplementation, the free carnitine level increased up to 14 μmol/L and the symptoms disappeared. LVEF increased by 45–70%. We would like to emphasize that this problem is a combination of the metabolic decompensation and the cardiac phenotypes, which are usually separated to either phenotype.
A Cohort Study of the Antitumor Efficacy and Toxicity Profile of Alpelisib for Metastatic or Locally Advanced HR+, HER2− Breast Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Sarfraz Humaira , Bari Shahla , Whiting Junmin , Sur Melissa , Mo Qianxing , Armitage Melissa , Costa Ricardo L.B.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Alpelisib is approved in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) to treat patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) progressive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The SOLAR-1 trial demonstrated the efficacy of this oral agent and showed that, while alpelisib improves outcomes compared to placebo, it is also associated with clinically relevant adverse events (AEs). There is a pressing need for improved knowledge on the effectiveness and tolerability of this agent in real-world patient populations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HR+, HER2− MBC treated with alpelisib and ET. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of alpelisib in a real-world population. Deidentified patient-, tumor-, and outcome-related data, including AEs, were collected and summarized. Kaplan-Meier methods were applied for survival analyses, and stratified analyses of interest were conducted. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 76 women treated with alpelisib + ET were included in our cohort. Most had been previously treated with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors and chemotherapy for MBC. The estimated median progression-free survival was 5.2 months (95% CI, 4.1–8.0). The median overall survival was longer among patients without prior everolimus therapy (hazard ratio, 4.28 [95% CI, 1.64–11.16]; p = 0.0012), and no significant outcome differences were observed between patients treated with different starting doses of alpelisib. Approximately 31.6% of patients permanently discontinued alpelisib due to AEs, and 32.9% had at least one dose reduction. The most common grade 3/4 AEs were hyperglycemia (21%), fatigue (13.2%), and diarrhea (10.5%). Conclusions: For progressive HR+, HER2− MBC, alpelisib + ET showed effectiveness in a real-world patient population that was comparable to published clinical trial data, regardless of starting dose. However, the effectiveness of alpelisib following previous everolimus exposure may be limited and, hence, should be a consideration to decide sequencing of therapy in these patients. Patients treated with alpelisib are at risk for clinically relevant AEs and require close monitoring.
Association of Rosacea with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms: A General Population Study
Authors: Sinikumpu Suvi-Päivikki , Jokelainen Jari , Tasanen Kaisa , Timonen Markku , Huilaja Laura
Published: November 2023

Background: The association between rosacea and psychiatric comorbidity has been reported previously. However, there is a lack of general population studies about this subject area. Objectives: The aim of this study was to the association between rosacea with depressive and anxiety symptoms at the population level. Methods: A clinical whole-body examination was performed by dermatologists for 1,932 subjects belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study during the 46-year follow-up survey. The presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was gathered by using validated Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) included in the self-administered questionnaires. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between rosacea and psychological symptoms. Results: Rosacea was found in dermatological evaluation in 15.1% of the study subjects (n = 292). In logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for confounding factors, those with rosacea had 1.6-fold (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.02–2.32) risk for psychiatric symptoms according to HSCL-25 when compared with controls. In separate analyses of the HSCL-25 depression subscale, the risk was increased, especially for depressive symptoms (OR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.10–2.18). Conclusions: Patients with rosacea seem to have increased risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms in general population. Physicians treating patients with rosacea should pay more attention to the psychosocial health of patients.
Clinical Features, Outcomes, and Response to Corticosteroid Treatment of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study in the Czech Republic
Authors: Zakiyanov Oskar , Ḉaḡlar Yaprak , Ryšavá Romana , Jančová Eva , Maixnerová Dita , Frausová Doubravka , Indra Tomáš , Honsová Eva , Kříha Vítězslav , Rychlík Ivan , Tesař Vladimír , Čertíková Chábová Věra
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a well-recognized cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to the tubulointerstitial inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, outcomes, and responses to corticosteroid treatment in patients with ATIN. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven ATIN, who were diagnosed between 1994 and 2016 at the Department of Nephrology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital in Prague, were included in the study. Patient demographics, the aetiological and clinical features, the treatment given, and the outcome at 1 year of follow-up were extracted from patient records. Results: A total of 103 ATIN patients were analysed, of which 68 had been treated with corticosteroids. There was no significant difference in the median serum creatinine 280 (169–569) µmol/L in the conservatively managed group versus 374 (249–558) µmol/L in the corticosteroid-treated group, p = 0.18, and dependence on dialysis treatment at baseline at the time of biopsy (10.3 vs. 8.6%). During the 1 year of follow-up, those ATIN patients who had been treated with corticosteroids did better and showed greater improvement in kidney function, determined as serum creatinine difference from baseline and from 1 month over 1-year period (p = 0.001). Conclusions: This single-centre retrospective cohort study supports the beneficial role of the administration of corticosteroid therapy in the management of ATIN.
Oncolytic Activity of Canine Distemper Virus in Human Ductal Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Jhala Dhwani , Nathani Neelam , Joshi Madhvi , Patel Amrutlal , Joshi Chaitanya G.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel strategy for cancer treatment in humans and companion animals. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is known to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, thus serving as a potential candidate for oncolytic therapy. However, the mechanism of viral oncolytic activity is less studied and varies depending on the type of cancer and cell lines. Methods: In the present study, the susceptibility of the MCF-7 cell line to CDV infection was assessed using the CDV strain, which was confirmed previously through sequence analysis in the Vero cell line. The impact of CDV infection on cell proliferation and apoptosis was studied by evaluating the expression of four target genes including the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), transcription factor (SP1), and DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A). Results: CDV replication in the cells induced cytopathic effect and decreased in the cell proliferation rates compared to the uninfected control. MCL-1, SP1, and PIK3R1 gene expression was down-regulated, while the expression of DNMT3A was up-regulated 3 days post-infection. The expression levels of the target genes suggest that CDV may be inducing the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the cancer cell line. Conclusion: Overall, the results strongly propose CDV strain as a potential candidate for cancer therapy after detailed studies.
Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Transcranial Doppler Studies
Authors: Fresnais David , Ihle-Hansen Håkon , Lundström Erik , Andersson Åsa G. , Fure Brynjar
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography is a noninvasive tool for measuring cerebrovascular hemodynamics. Studies have reported alterations in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, as well as in different etiologies of dementia. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the relationship between cerebral blood velocity (CBv) and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in persons with MCI and dementia. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, PsychINFO, and CINAHL. The search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. After screening of 33,439 articles, 86 were reviewed in full-text, and 35 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: CBv was significantly lower and PI significantly higher in MCA in vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to cognitively normal (CN) older persons. Also, CBv was lower in MCI compared to CN. There were no significant differences in CBv in MCA in AD compared with VaD, although PI was higher in VaD compared to AD. Conclusion: Alterations in cerebrovascular hemodynamics are seen in AD, VaD, and MCI. While PI was slightly higher in VaD compared to AD, the reduction in CBv appears to be equally pronounced across neurodegenerative and vascular etiologies of dementia.
The Time-Effect Relationship between Time to Surgery and In-Hospital Postoperative Pneumonia in Older Patients with Hip Fracture
Authors: Cheng Xinqun , Liu Song , Yan Jincheng , Wang Lin , Lei Xiang , Wu Haifeng , Zhu Yanbin , Zhang Yingze
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pneumonia is a common and devastating complication following hip fracture surgery in older patients. Time to surgery is a potentially modifiable factor associated with improved prognosis, and we aim to quantify the time-effect relationship between time to surgery and in-hospital postoperative pneumonia (IHPOP) and identify the effect of delayed surgery on the risk of IHPOP. Methods: We analyzed clinical data of older hip fracture patients (≥60 years) undergoing surgical treatments at a tertiary referral trauma center between 2015 and 2020. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to fit the time-effect relationship between time to surgery and IHPOP. Based on the results of RCS, we divided patients into two groups of “early surgery” and “delayed surgery.” A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis were performed to minimize the selection bias and determine the association magnitude. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess potential interaction effects between delayed surgery and common risk factors for IHPOP. Results: 3,118 eligible patients were included. The RCS curve showed an inverse S-shape trend and the relative risk of IHPOP decreased in the range of days 2–3 and increased on day 1 and day 3 or more post-injury, with the lowest point on day 3. PSM yielded 1,870 matched patients and delayed surgery (>3 days) was identified to be independently associated with IHPOP (relative ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.46; p value, 0.011). We observed positive interaction effects between delayed surgery and age of 80 years or more, female gender, COPD, heart disease, ASA score ≥3, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. Conclusion: The relative risk of IHPOP decreased in the range of 2–3 days and increased on day 1 and day 3 or more post-injury. Delayed surgery (>3 days) was identified to be independently associated with a 1.66-fold increased risk of IHPOP.
Existências e conexões: abordagens sociojurídicas e ambientais
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto, Ponzilacqua Marcio Henrique Pereira , Rezende Damaris Tuzino de ,   Universidade de Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, Álvares Cristiane Duarte Mendonça ,   IBMEC, São Paulo, Pires Lucas Alexandre ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Sichieri João Vitor Lovato ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Dias Daniel Sunao ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto
Published: November 2023

Este livro é resultante de estudos e pesquisas de participantes do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa Sociologia do Direito e Direitos Socioambientais (Diretório de Grupos CNPq). Os textos aqui publicados representam a proposta acadêmica de que são fruto: a formação de pesquisadores com visões multifacetadas e dialógicas. Todos os autores fazem parte do grupo, são alunos de pós-graduação (doutorado e mestrado) e graduação, e refletem as discussões e pesquisas coletivas. O título, escolhido pelos autores, indica vários aspectos relevantes das questões socioambientais, com destaque para: 1) análise socioambiental e jurídico; 2) enfoque nas associações ou grupos vulneráveis no campo socioambiental cujas atividades estejam relacionadas com a promoção humana. A leitura dos artigos propicia uma reflexão humanística e ética em vista da tutela jurídica e do patrimônio natural e o empoderamento de agentes socioambientais em matéria de direito, notadamente ambientalistas, cientistas e populações ou situações de vulnerabilidade.
Innate Sleep Apnea in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Is Associated With Microvascular Rarefaction and Neuronal Loss in the preBötzinger Complex
Authors: Roberts Reno , Huckstepp Robert T.R.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Sleep apnea (SA) is a major threat to physical health and carries a significant economic burden. These impacts are worsened by its interaction with, and induction of, its comorbidities. SA holds a bidirectional relationship with hypertension, which drives atherosclerosis/arteriolosclerosis, ultimately culminating in vascular dementia.

METHODS:

To enable a better understanding of these sequelae of events, we investigated innate SA and its effects on cognition in adult-aged spontaneously hypertensive rats, which have a range of cardiovascular disorders: plethysmography and electroencephalographic/electromyographic recordings were used to assess sleep-wake state, breathing parameters, and sleep-disordered breathing; immunocytochemistry was used to assess vascular and neural health; the forced alteration Y maze and Barnes maze were used to assess short- and long-term memories, respectively; and an anesthetized preparation was used to assess baroreflex sensitivity.

RESULTS:

Spontaneously hypertensive rats displayed a higher degree of sleep-disordered breathing, which emanates from poor vascular health leading to a loss of preBötzinger Complex neurons. These rats also display small vessel white matter disease, a form of vascular dementia, which may be exacerbated by the SA-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus to worsen the related deficits in both long- and short-term memories.

CONCLUSIONS:

Therefore, we postulate that hypertension induces SA through vascular damage in the respiratory column, culminating in neuronal loss in the inspiratory oscillator. This induction of SA, which, in turn, will independently exacerbate hypertension and neural inflammation, increases the rate of vascular dementia.
Is Model-Based Science a Kind of Historical Science?
Authors: Wilson Joseph
Published: November 2023

Philosophers have yet to provide a systematic analysis of the relationship between historical science and model-based science. In this paper I argue that prototypical model-based sciences exhibit features understood to be central to historical science. Philosophers of science have argued that historical scientists are distinctly concerned with inference to the best explanation, that explanations in historical science tend to increase in complexity over time, and that the explanations take the form of narratives. Using general circulation models in climate science as a reference, I illustrate how simulation models in model-based science share these features exhibited by historical science. That model based sciences share these features raises important philosophical questions about how we should understand prototypical types of scientific enquiry, including the relationship between experimental science, historical science, and model-based science. I conclude by exploring several options for how to accommodate the noted similarities within a more general taxonomy of the sciences.
Corononema vulgare sp. n. and Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from coral reefs off the coast of Vietnam
Authors: PHUONG NGUYEN THI XUAN , LONG PHAN KE , THANH TRAN THI VIET , V.G. GAGARIN , V.O. MOKIEVSKY , TU NGUYEN DINH
Published: November 2023

Two new nematode species of the order Monhysterida, found in coral reefs on the coast of Vietnam, are described and illustrated. Corononema vulgare sp. n. morphology is similar to C. thai Nicholas & Stewart, 1995 but differs from it by the shorter outer labial setae, shorter tail in males, and a different shape of the guiding lateral bodies in the spicular apparatus of males. Hofmaenneria coralis sp. n. morphology is close to H. niddensis Gerlach & Meyl, 1957 and H. optata Alekseev, 1983. The new species differs from the first species by having thinner body, a shorter and less slender tail, and shorter spicules. The new species differs from H. optata in having a longer body, shorter pharynx, shorter tail, and longer outer labial setae.
Taxonomic revision of the troglophile Spariolenus spiders (Araneae: Sparassidae) in South and West Asia
Authors: MORADMAND MAJID , WESAL MOHAMMAD WASIL , KULKARNI SIDDHARTH
Published: November 2023

The taxonomy of the genus Spariolenus Simon, 1880 (Heteropodinae) is updated in its entire distribution range in South and West Asia. Newly collected specimens and historical museum material were studied, some date back to more than 124 years. Four new species are described as Spariolenus omidvarbrothers sp. n. (male, female) from southeastern Iran, S. baluchistanicus sp. n. (female) from Pakistan and, S. bakasura sp. n. (male, female) and S. kabandha sp. n. (female) from the Western Ghats and northern regions of India, respectively; specimens of the latter three species had been previously incorrectly identified as S. tigris Simon, 1880. Spariolenus lindbergi (Roewer, 1962) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Heteropoda Latreille, 1804. We discovered and described its male for the first time, along with redescription of the female using recently collected material near the type locality from Afghanistan. Two species, Spariolenus mansourii Moradmand, 2017 (Iran) and S. secundus Jäger, 2006 (Oman) are recorded from new geographic localities. A distribution map of all extant Spariolenus species with updated records is presented.
Understanding Affective Commitment to Change in a Civil Service Context: The Roles of Prosocial Job Design, Organizational Identification, and Involvement Climate
Authors: Conway Edel , Freeney Yseult , Monks Kathy , McDowell Natasha
Published: November 2023

Civil service organizations around the world are confronted with a constant need to change to meet the needs of the public in a more efficient manner. The success of resultant change initiatives depends on the members of the civil service and, in particular, their affective commitment to change. In this case study of the Irish civil service, we examine factors that may foster affective commitment to change, with a focus on the roles of prosocial impact and organizational identification. We also consider the perceived involvement climate. Based on extensive survey data ( N = 16,050) collected in the Irish Civil Service, we find that organizational identification acts as a mediator between prosocial impact and affective commitment to change and that this mediated relationship is strengthened when there is a strong involvement climate. Theoretical contributions are discussed along with practical implications.
Women Entrepreneurship, Demand Side Heterogeneity and Financial Inclusion in Rural India
Authors: Kumarasamy Durairaj , Singh Prakash , Kaur Sukhvinder
Published: November 2023

Over the years, emerging countries have taken several policy measures to encourage women’s entrepreneurial activity. Gender-based participation in economic activities brings the equitable distribution of wealth and socio-economic well-being, which helps achieve several sustainable development goals. Despite several policy initiatives, women entrepreneurs undergo social and cultural constraints, particularly in accessing financial services for business engagements and enhancements. Using the 77th household-level All India Debt and Investment Survey 2019 data, the study investigates the impact of financial inclusion on women entrepreneur and their livelihood in rural India. The study also captured the heterogenous effect of gender difference and other socio-economic aspects by including interaction effect, to understand the heterogeneity effect in the model. The findings suggest that uses to financial instruments encouraged female household heads to engage in self-employment. The study also iterates the importance of credit from formal and informal sources towards promoting entrepreneurial activity.
A Novel Adult Case of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis Caused by Hypercalcemia With Concurrent Manifestation of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Revealing Undiagnosed Primary Hyperparathyroidism due to an Underlying Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Ghosh Ritwik , León-Ruiz Moisés , Bole Kunal , Dubey Souvik , Benito-León Julián
Published: November 2023

Background

Hypercalcemia-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare entity primarily associated with iatrogenic vitamin D/calcium overdose, malignancy, or, infrequently, primary hyperparathyroidism.

Case Report

We present a novel case of an adult male from rural India who experienced recurrent acute pancreatitis caused by hypercalcemia with concurrent manifestation of PRES. Diagnostic evaluation revealed markedly elevated serum calcium levels and parathyroid hormone concentrations, consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. Imaging studies identified a parathyroid adenoma near the right thyroid lobe, subsequently surgically excised.

Discussion

This case underscores the importance of considering primary hyperparathyroidism as an underlying cause of PRES, especially in the absence of acute arterial hypertension or autonomic dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention are essential in mitigating the morbidity and mortality of PRES.
Dietary polyphenol intake, body composition and components of metabolic syndrome in a sample overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alshahrani Shadia Hamoud , Al-Attar Zaid , Daabo Hamid Mahmood Abdullah , Alshahrani Najim Z. , Al-Shawi Sarmad Ghazi , Núñez Edgar Froilan Damián , Hussien Beneen M. , Hjazi Ahmed , Hassan Zahraa F.
Published: November 2023

Background

The health benefits of dietary polyphenol intake (DPI) including improved lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and reduced systemic inflammation has revealed previously. However, the results of numerous studies are not consistent and it seems that these health effects are attributed to some of DPI. In the current research, we evaluated the health benefits of DPI on metabolic markers and glycemic markers among overweight and obese individuals.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 487 individuals with overweight and obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the amount of dietary polyphenol intake were calculated based on the information derived from Phenol-Explorer database (www.phenolexplorer.eu/contents). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured by sphygmomanometer. Biochemical assays including fasting blood sugar, insulin and serum lipids’ concentrations were measured by enzymatic methods.

Results

According to our results, males were more likely to be at the highest tertile of DPI (P = 0.04). Also, those at the highest tertile of DPI had higher fat free mass and physical activity level (P < 0.05). Lower TG level in highest tertile of DPI in crude model was also observed, but, it lost its significant threshold after adjustment for confounders. Subjects at the second tertile of DPI were more likely to have lower systolic blood pressure in the sex and age adjusted model [OR = 0.970; CI = 0.940-1.000; P = 0.049]. For other biochemical variables, no significant association was observed.

Conclusion

In the current study, total dietary polyphenol intake was associated with lower SBP among overweight and obese individuals. Further studies are warranted to better elucidate the observed results.
Exploration of key factors in Gingival Crevicular fluids from patients undergoing Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) using proteome analysis
Authors: Wu Jiaqi , Xu Li , Li Cuiying , Wang Xiujing , Jiang Jiuhui
Published: November 2023

Background

The aims of this study are to explore protein changes in gingival crevicular fluid at different time points after PAOO by proteomics method and to select significant bone metabolization-related biomarkers.

Methods

This study included 10 adult patients experiencing PAOO. After orthodontic alignment and leveling, the maxillary anterior teeth were treated with PAOO, which is classified as the experimental area. The traditional orthodontic treatment was performed in the mandibular dentition as the control. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at the following time points: the day before the PAOO (T1) and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months after PAOO (T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively). The label-free quantitative proteomic assay was used to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid in PAOO and control areas at time point T1, T2, and T4. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to categorize proteins based on biological processes, cellular component and molecular function, which is in compliance with gene ontology (GO) standards. The changes of proteins were confirmed by ELISA.

Results

A total of 134 proteins were selected by keywords (Osteoblast markers, Osteoclast markers, Osteoclastogenesis regulating genes and inflammatory marker). 33 of them were statistically different between groups, and 12 were related to bone metabolism. 5 proteins selected by label-free quantitative proteomics were KLF10, SYT7, APOA1, FBN1 and NOTCH1. KLF10 decreased after PAOO, hitting a trough at T4, and then leveled off. SYT7 increased after PAOO, reaching a peak at T3, and then stabilized until T6. APOA1 ascended to a peak at T4 after PAOO, and then remained stable until T6. The FBN1 rose after PAOO, reaching a peak at T4, and then went down slowly. NOTCH1 ascended rapidly in the first two weeks after PAOO and continued its slow growth trend.

Conclusion

In this study, protein changes in gingival crevicular fluid were detected by proteomics method, and significant bone metabolization-related proteins were selected. It is speculated that APOA1, FBN1, NOTCH1, SYT7 and KLF10 played key roles in regulating bone metabolic balance and in reversible osteopenia after PAOO, which might be involved in the accelerated tooth movement.

Trial registration

This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-ONRC-13,004,129) (26/04/2013).
Ambulance personnel use of coercion and use of safety belts in Norway
Authors: Häikiö Kristin , Bergem Anne Kristine , Holst Øyvind , Thorvaldsen Nina Øye
Published: November 2023

Background

Providing health care in a moving vehicle requires different considerations regarding safety than in other settings. Use of seatbelts are mandatory, and during ambulance transport patients are fastened to the stretcher with safety straps. However, patients who wriggle out of, or unfasten, their safety straps pose a threat to him/herself and escorting personnel in the ambulance compartment in case of an accident. To prevent harm, ambulance personnel sometimes restrain the patient or unfasten their own seatbelts to keep the patient safe on the stretcher. The prevalence of coercive measures, and the relationship between the use of mechanical restraints comparable to coercion and seatbelt use, are scarcely investigated. Use of coercion normally requires a specific statutory basis. However, coercive measures needed to ensure safety in a moving vehicle while providing healthcare is hardly discussed in the literature. The aim of this study is to explore the use of coercion in ambulance services, the use of safety belts among escorts in situations where they need to keep the patient calm during transportation, and to analyse the relationship between safety belt non-compliance and coercion in these situations.

Methods

This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study using a self-administered, online survey aiming to investigate the use of coercion and use of seatbelts during ambulance transport. Approximately 3,400 ambulance personnel from all 18 Health Trusts in Norway were invited to participate between Oct 2021 and Nov 2022. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the sample and the prevalence of findings, while multiple linear regressions were used to investigate associations.

Results

Altogether, 681 (20%) ambulance personnel completed the survey where 488 (72.4%) stated that they had used coercion during the last six months and 375 (55.7%) had experienced ambulance personnel or escorting personnel working with unfastened seatbelts during transport. The majority of respondents experienced coercion as being unpleasant and more negative feelings were associated with less use of seatbelts.

Conclusions

Coercion seems to be used by ambulance personnel frequently. For the study participants, keeping the patient securely fastened was prioritized above escorting personnel’s traffic safety, despite feeling uncomfortable doing so. Because coercive measures have negative consequences for patients, is associated with negative feelings for health personnel, and is not discussed ethically and legally in relation to the prehospital context, there is an urgent need for more research on the topic, and for legal preparatory work to address the unique perspectives of the prehospital context in which traffic safety also is an important factor.
Prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA in operable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and reconstructed individual patient-data based meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Dali , Guo Jinbao , Huang Hao , Tian Lei , Xie Yunbo , Wu Qingchen
Published: November 2023

Background

This reconstructed individual patient data (IPD)-based meta-analysis is aimed to summarize the current findings and comprehensively investigate the predictive value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane and Embase were searched to include potentially eligible studies. The primary outcomes included progression-free survival (DFS) by ctDNA status at baseline, postoperative, and longitudinal timepoints. The IPD-based survival data was retracted and used in reconstructed IPD-based meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was implemented based on the baseline characteristics.

Results

Totally, 28 studies were involved, including 15 full-length articles (1686 patients) for IPD-based synthesis and 20 studies for conventional meta-analysis. The IPD-based meta-analysis discovered that patients with positive ctDNA status at the baseline (hazard ratio, HR = 3.73, 95% confidential interval, CI: 2.95–4.72), postoperative (3.96, 2.19–7.16), or longitudinal timepoints (12.33, 8.72–17.43) showed significantly higher risk of recurrence. Patients with persistent ctDNA-negative status had the lowest recurrence rate, and the negative conversion of ctDNA from baseline to postoperative timepoints was correlated with elevated DFS. Subgroup analyses suggested that stage II–III patients with ctDNA-positive status may achieve preferable therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusions

Plasm ctDNA monitoring shows excellent clinical significance at the tested timepoints. Perioperative conversion of ctDNA status may indicate the therapeutic effect of radical surgery. Postoperative adjuvant therapy may be determined according to the ctDNA status.

Trail registration

CRD42022304445.
Standardization of DNA extraction from paraffinized spleen samples: molecular diagnosis of human malaria
Authors: Pacheco Souza Raimunda Sandra , dos Reis Monique F. , de Lima Ferreira Luiz Carlos , Morais Manuela C. , Lima Antonio Kassio S. , Albuquerque Barbosa Laila Rowena , de Melo Gisely Cardoso , de Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes
Published: November 2023

Background

Plasmodium vivax is the main species responsible for human malaria in Brazil, and one of its manifestations is splenic malaria, though there are still challenges in its diagnosis. The present study aimed to standardize Plasmodium sp. DNA extraction from histological slices of spleen and diagnosis using real-time qPCR.

Methods

This study performed a microtomy of a paraffin-embedded spleen as a positive control for P. vivax from a patient who had been previously diagnosed with the parasite. The sample was deparaffinized with xylol and ethanol, then DNA extraction was performed with two commercial kits. qPCR was carried out with the Taqman system for detection of Plasmodium sp. and was made species-specific using PvmtCOX1 gene. From 2015 to 2019, 200 spleen samples were obtained from trauma patients subjected to splenectomy in Manaus, Amazonas. All the samples were tested for cell-free human DNA (cfDNA).

Results

The deparaffinization and the Plasmodium vivax DNA extraction method was successfully standardized, and the control sample was positive for P. vivax. Of the 200 samples, all qPCRs were negative, but they were positive for human PCR.

Conclusion

Paraffinization is practical and efficient for the preservation of samples, but the formation of bonds between proteins and DNA makes extraction difficult. Despite this, in this study, it was possible to standardize a method of DNA extraction for detecting P. vivax.
Wrapping gastroduodenal artery stump with the teres hepatis ligament to prevent postpancreatectomy hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Jiang Zedong , Gao Zhenzhen , Zhou Bo , Li Guogang , Yan Sheng , Mei Xiaoping
Published: November 2023

Background

Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) stump erosion hemorrhage is a fatal complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. This study aimed to determine whether GDA stump wrapping with the teres hepatis ligament during pancreaticoduodenectomy decreased the incidence of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH).

Methods

We reviewed 307 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy between March 2019 and June 2022. The patients were divided into two groups according to application of GDA stump wrapping with the teres hepatis ligament: GDA wrapping group (165 patients) and no-wrapping group (142 patients). The perioperative data were compared between the groups.

Results

The clinical characteristics were balanced between the two groups. Grades B and C PPH and GDA-stump-related hemorrhage were significantly reduced in the GDA wrapping group compared with the no-wrapping group (PPH B/C, 13.4% vs 6.1%, P = 0.029; GDA hemorrhage, 5.6% vs 0.6%, P = 0.014). No difference was observed in the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, biliary leak, intra-abdominal abscess, delayed gastric emptying, 90-day mortality, and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups.

Conclusion

Wrapping GDA stump with the teres hepatis ligament reduced the incidence of GDA-stump-related PPH. Therefore, the wrapping technique is a simple and effective strategy to prevent PPH. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefit of this procedure.