bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological niche variation drives morphological differentiation in tropical stream‐dwelling newts from Indochina
Authors: Tran D. V. , Phan D. V. , Lau K. A. , Nishikawa K.
Published: April 2024

Morphological diversity within organisms can arise from factors other than genetic diversity alone. Local adaptations and combinations of various factors are also involved in shaping morphology. We investigated the relationship between morphological diversity and ecological niche divergence within two related tropical stream‐dwelling newt species from Indochina: Paramesotriton deloustali and P. guangxiensis. We identified sexual dimorphism within both species and a significantly larger body size in P. deloustali than in P. guangxiensis. Our findings highlighted that climatic variables strongly influence Asian warty newt distribution, indicating the potential effects of climate change on tropical newt populations. Furthermore, we identified significant intra‐ and interspecific morphological and niche differentiation across five populations of the two newt species, suggesting that newt morphology is responsive to environmental factors. A significant negative relationship was observed only between ecological niche similarity and geographic distance among various combinations of factors, indicating that the distinct morphology of the study species mirrors ecological adaptation.
Al‐MadinaDocument in ContemporaryArab‐Muslimand Western Scholarship: Surveying and Assessing some Intellectual Orientations and Reading Strategies1
Authors: Awad Najib George
Published: April 2024

This short essay attempts at displaying briefly some examples of scholarly and intellectual interests in al‐Madina Document, which one can find in Arab and Western literature today. It endeavors to highlight the primary, focal conceptual orientations and the contextual concerns and motifs that make the Arab and the Western intellectual scenes approach this document from the distinguished perspectives they follow and to interpret its content from the specific dimensions of interest and focus they prioritize. After exposing in a survey‐like and short analytical manner these different approaches, the paper will end with some assessments of each scholarly modus operandi and then suggest some aspects of reading that should not be ignored or sidelined if one wants to relate to the Madina Document in its own terms and from‐within its own world and possible context, without ending up either eisegeting the document, or anachronizing its content or injecting its words with what they do not not essentially state.
Interferon‐gamma contributes to disease progression in the Ndufs4(−/−) model of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Hanaford Allison R. , Khanna Asheema , James Katerina , Truong Vivian , Liao Ryan , Chen Yihan , Mulholland Michael , Kayser Ernst‐Bernhard , Watanabe Kino , Hsieh Erin Shien , Sedensky Margaret , Morgan Philip G. , Kalia Vandana , Sarkar Surojit , Johnson Simon C.
Published: April 2024

Aim

Leigh syndrome (LS), the most common paediatric presentation of genetic mitochondrial dysfunction, is a multi‐system disorder characterised by severe neurologic and metabolic abnormalities. Symmetric, bilateral, progressive necrotizing lesions in the brainstem are defining features of the disease. Patients are often symptom free in early life but typically develop symptoms by about 2 years of age. The mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression in LS remain obscure. Recent studies have shown that the immune system causally drives disease in the Ndufs4(−/−) mouse model of LS: treatment of Ndufs4(−/−) mice with the macrophage‐depleting Csf1r inhibitor pexidartinib prevents disease. While the precise mechanisms leading to immune activation and immune factors involved in disease progression have not yet been determined, interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) and interferon gamma‐induced protein 10 (IP10) were found to be significantly elevated in Ndufs4(−/−) brainstem, implicating these factors in disease. Here, we aimed to explore the role of IFNγ and IP10 in LS.

Methods

To establish the role of IFNγ and IP10 in LS, we generated IFNγ and IP10 deficient Ndufs4(−/−)/Ifng(−/−) and Ndufs4(−/−)/IP10(−/−) double knockout animals, as well as IFNγ and IP10 heterozygous, Ndufs4(−/−)/Ifng(+/−) and Ndufs4(−/−)/IP10(+/−), animals. We monitored disease onset and progression to define the impact of heterozygous or homozygous loss of IFNγ and IP10 in LS.

Results

Loss of IP10 does not significantly impact the onset or progression of disease in the Ndufs4(−/−) model. IFNγ loss significantly extends survival and delays disease progression in a gene dosage‐dependent manner, though the benefits are modest compared to Csf1r inhibition.

Conclusions

IFNγ contributes to disease onset and progression in LS. Our findings suggest that IFNγ targeting therapies may provide some benefits in genetic mitochondrial disease, but targeting IFNγ alone would likely yield only modest benefits in LS.
A prospective randomized comparative trial of pediatric C‐MAC D‐blade video laryngoscope with McCoy direct laryngoscope for intubation in children posted for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia
Authors: Kamal Geeta , Agarwal Divyamedha , Agarwal Shilpa , Gupta Anju , Gupta Aikta , Kalra Bhumika , Gupta Nishkarsh
Published: April 2024

Background

Pediatric airway management requires careful clinical evaluation and experienced execution due to anatomical, physiological, and developmental considerations. Video laryngoscopy in pediatric airways is a developing area of research, with recent data suggesting that video laryngoscopes are better than standard Macintosh blades. Specifically, there is a paucity of literature on the advantages of the C‐MAC D‐blade compared to the McCoy direct laryngoscope.

Methods

After Ethics Committee approval, 70 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2 children aged 4–12 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. Patients were randomly allocated to intubation using a C‐MAC video laryngoscope size 2 D‐blade (Group 1) and a McCoy laryngoscope size 2 blade (Group 2). The Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) for ease of intubation was the primary outcome, while Cormack–Lehane grades, duration of laryngoscopy and intubation, hemodynamic responses, and incidence of any airway complications were secondary outcomes.

Results

Both groups were comparable in terms of patient characteristics. The median (IQR) Intubation Difficulty Scale (IDS) score was better but was statistically nonsignificant with C‐MAC (0 [0–0] vs. 0 [0–2], p = .055). The glottic views were superior (CL grade I in 32/35 vs. 23/35, p = .002), and the time to best glottic view (6 s [5–7] vs. 8.0 s [6–10], p = .006) was lesser in the C‐MAC D‐blade group while the total duration of intubation was comparable (20 s [16–22] vs. 18 s [15–22], p = .374). All the patients could be successfully intubated on the first attempt. None of the patients had any complications.

Conclusion

The C‐MAC video laryngoscope size 2 D‐blade provided faster and better glottic visualization but similar intubation difficulty compared to McCoy size 2 laryngoscope in children. The shorter time to achieve glottic view demonstrated with the C‐MAC failed to translate into a shorter total duration of intubation when compared to the McCoy laryngoscope attributable to a pronounced curvature of the D‐blade.
The MdVQ37‐MdWRKY100 complex regulates salicylic acid content and MdRPM1 expression to modulate resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apples
Authors: Dong Qinglong , Duan Dingyue , Wang Feng , Yang Kaiyu , Song Yang , Wang Yongxu , Wang Dajiang , Ji Zhirui , Xu Chengnan , Jia Peng , Luan Haoan , Guo Suping , Qi Guohui , Mao Ke , Zhang Xuemei , Tian Yi , Ma Yue , Ma Fengwang
Published: April 2024

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungus Colletotrichum fructicola, is considered one of the most destructive diseases affecting apples. The VQ‐WRKY complex plays a crucial role in the response of plants to biotic stresses. However, our understanding of the defensive role of the VQ‐WRKY complex on woody plants, particularly apples, under biotic stress, remains limited. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the defensive role of the apple MdVQ37‐MdWRKY100 module in response to GLS infection. The overexpression of MdWRKY100 enhanced resistance to C. fructicola, whereas MdWRKY100 RNA interference in apple plants reduced resistance to C. fructicola by affecting salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression level of the CC‐NBS‐LRR resistance gene MdRPM1. DAP‐seq, Y1H, EMSA, and RT‐qPCR assays indicated that MdWRKY100 inhibited the expression of MdWRKY17, a positive regulatory factor gene of SA degradation, upregulated the expression of MdPAL1, a key enzyme gene of SA biosynthesis, and promoted MdRPM1 expression by directly binding to their promotors. Transient overexpression and silencing experiments showed that MdPAL1 and MdRPM1 positively regulated GLS resistance in apples. Furthermore, the overexpression of MdVQ37 increased the susceptibility to C. fructicola by reducing the SA content and expression level of MdRPM1. Additionally, MdVQ37 interacted with MdWRKY100, which repressed the transcriptional activity of MdWRKY100. In summary, these results revealed the molecular mechanism through which the apple MdVQ37‐MdWRKY100 module responds to GLS infection by regulating SA content and MdRPM1 expression, providing novel insights into the involvement of the VQ‐WRKY complex in plant pathogen defence responses.
Transnational Quaker pacifism and the International Fellowship of Reconciliation. A qualitative case study of two network nodes connecting Finland to Scandinavia and the Anglo‐Saxon world 1919–1961
Authors: Ojajärvi Rony
Published: April 2024

In this article, I will ask, how the international networks of peace movements have influenced the development of Quaker pacifism in Fenno‐Scandinavia. The question is answered with qualitative social network analysis when analyzing the vocational development of two Quaker network nodes, Greta Langenskjöld (1889–1975) and Deryck Sivén (1913–2002). Based on the analysis, I argue that the International Fellowship of Reconciliation provided the most important transnational social network to introduce Quakerism to Fenno‐Scandinavia. Before this, Evangelicalism, Tolstoian Christian anarchism, and Theosophist socialism had molded the ground fitting for the Quaker‐Socialist networks of the IFOR.
The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and inhibitory control following acute stress: An ERP study
Authors: Chu Chien‐Heng , Huang I‐Lun , Hillman Charles H. , Chen Nai‐Chi , Yu Jeffrey , Hung Chen‐Sin , Chen Feng‐Tzu , Chang Yu‐Kai
Published: April 2024

Although the relationships among acute stress, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cognitive function have been examined, whether CRF is related to behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control following acute stress remains unknown. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the combined influence of acute stress and CRF on inhibitory control. Participants, aged 20–30 years, were stratified into the Higher‐Fit (n = 31) and the Lower‐Fit (n = 32) groups, and completed a Stroop task following the modified Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST) in the stress condition and the sham‐MAST in the non‐stress condition, during which electroencephalography was recorded. Behavioral (i.e., response time and accuracy) and neuroelectric (N2 and P3b components of the event‐related potential) outcomes of inhibitory control were obtained. While the Higher‐Fit group demonstrated shorter response times and higher accuracy than the Lower‐Fit group following both the MAST and the sham‐MAST, they also exhibited selective benefits of acute stress on inhibitory control performance (i.e., decreased response times and diminished interference scores). CRF‐dependent alterations in neuroelectric indices were also observed, with the Higher‐Fit group displaying smaller N2 and greater P3b amplitudes than the Lower‐Fit group following the sham‐MAST, and increased N2 and attenuated P3b amplitudes following the MAST. Collectively, these findings not only confirm the positive relationship between CRF and inhibitory control but also provide novel insights into the potential influence of CRF on inhibitory control and associated neuroelectric activity following acute stress.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of poor prognosis of dermatomyositis and clinical value of ferritin/Kl‐6 in predicting prognosis
Authors: Yan Lei , Shi Yuquan , Wu Chunye , Li Yuan
Published: April 2024

Background

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory disease. Our research focuses on predicting poor prognosis in DM patients and evaluating the prognostic significance of ferritin and Salivary Sugar Chain Antigen‐6 (KL‐6) through multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Methods

Between February 2018 and April 2020, 80 DM patients at our hospital were categorized into MDA5 positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 60) groups. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to determine DM's poor prognosis risk factors and evaluate ferritin/KL‐6′s predictive value for prognosis.

Results

Analysis showed no gender, age, body mass index (BMI), or lifestyle (smoking, drinking) differences, nor in dyspnea, muscle weakness, skin ulcers, and acetylcysteine treatment effects (p > 0.05). Significant differences emerged in arrhythmias, interstitial pneumonia, C‐reactive protein, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < 0.05). Before treatment, differences were negligible (p > 0.05), but post‐treatment, serum KL‐6 and ferritin levels dropped. MDA5 positive patients had elevated serum KL‐6 and ferritin levels than survivors (p < 0.05), with a strong correlation to DM. Combined diagnosis using serum KL‐6 and ferritin for DM prognosis showed area under curves of 0.716 and 0.634, significantly outperforming single‐index diagnoses with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.926 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Serum KL‐6 and ferritin show marked abnormalities in DM, useful as indicators for evaluating polymyositis and DM conditions. However, the study's small sample size is a drawback. Expanding the sample size is essential to monitor serum KL‐6 and ferritin changes in DM patients under treatment more closely, aiming to improve clinical assessment and facilitate detailed research.
Post‐Harvest Travels of Marine Fish: How Small Fish Food Systems Variously Support Food Security and Nutrition in Coastal and Inland Cities in Ghana
Authors: Ahwireng Anderson K. , Bavinck Maarten , Onumah Edward Ebo , Pouw Nicky , Nunoo Francis K. E.
Published: April 2024

This paper enquires into the travels of low‐cost varieties of marine fish in the context of Ghana, distinguishing flows that move toward coastal cities versus those destined for distant, inland cities. It derives data from field research on the Ghanaian small fish food system through surveys, FGDs and interviews conducted in Accra and Tamale. It is argued that although both coastal and inland cities partake in small fish food systems, they experience different flow patterns and FSN outcomes. These are partly related to the fact that Ghana relies on the confluence of local and imported sources for the delivery of low‐cost fish varieties to the population, especially in urban regions where such demand is high. We recommend that policies should focus on investing in infrastructure, especially transport and distribution systems linking cities to fishing communities, to enhance low‐cost fish distribution and improve FSN outcomes for low‐income urban consumers in Ghana.
Characterization of the dissemination of canine cancer misinformation on YouTube
Authors: Richartz Eliza R. , Hodgkiss Brittany A. , Black‐Ocken Noah C. , Fuentes Rebecca A. , Looper Jayme S. , Withers Sita S.
Published: April 2024

YouTube is the third most popular app in the world and continues to grow each year while it reaches over 2 billion users a month. A variety of veterinary topics are addressed on YouTube but to date there have been no studies analysing misinformation of various canine cancer topics on YouTube or social media. This study described the characteristics of 99 unique videos and used the validated DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to characterize their usefulness. The overall median DISCERN quality score was 3 (out of 5), the median PEMAT understandability score was 72%, and 61% of videos contained little to no misinformation. 53% of videos were created by veterinarians and this subset had significantly higher PEMAT understandability and DISCERN quality scores compared with client‐created content (p = .0228 and p ≤ .0001, respectively). Videos with little to no misinformation had statistically significant higher DISCERN quality scores (3 vs. 2, p = .0001). There was no statistical significance between misinformation levels and video length, PEMAT understandability, thumbs up/view, or views/mo. These data reveal similar rates of misinformation in videos on canine cancer compared to that reported for various human cancer topics. This study highlights the need for veterinarians to guide clients to more reliable and understandable information regarding their pet's health.
On the Determinants of Loan Default in the Saudi Banking System
Authors: Rasasi Moayad Al , Alsabban Soleman
Published: April 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the key determinants influencing the non-performing loans (NPLs) in the Saudi banking system. To do so, we consider a set of macroeconomic, banking, and external factors over the period 2010Q1-2023Q3. The contribution of this work to the literature includes providing fresh evidence following the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing quarterly observations unlike preceding literature, and adopting time series econometric techniques to identify key elements influencing NPLs. A vector error correction model (VECM) is estimated to capture NPL dynamics over both the long-run and short-run. The empirical evidence reveals that NPLs are determined by a combination of macro, banking, and external factors. Specifically, macroeconomic and external variables appear to have a significant impact on NPLs, and their effects are in parallel with theoretical expectations. Likewise, the impact of return on equity on NPLs is significant as expected by theory; however, the impact of other banking factors is against expectations.
Dynamic Price Dispersion of Seasonal Goods in Bertrand–Edgeworth Competition
Authors: Fadavi Niloofar
Published: April 2024

The primary distinguishing characteristics of various revenue management systems include fixed capacities, uniform products, and customers' sensitivity to pricing when making purchase decisions. Even with only two or three competitors, the competition remains intense. This study examines the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium of price competition within an oligopoly market where goods are perishable assets. Each seller possesses a single unit of a non-replenishable good and competes by setting prices to sell their inventory over a finite sales period. Each period, buyers seek to purchase one unit of the good, and the number of buyers entering is random. All sellers' prices are visible to buyers, and there is no cost associated with searching for goods. Through stochastic dynamic programming methods, sellers' optimal responses can be determined by treating the competition as a one-time price-setting game, considering the remaining sales periods and the current demand pattern. Assuming a binary demand model, it is demonstrated that the duopoly model exhibits a unique Nash equilibrium. In addition, it is shown that the oligopoly model does not result in price dispersion based on a discussed metric. Moreover, when a generalized demand model is considered, the duopoly model features a unique Nash equilibrium with mixed strategies, whereas the oligopoly model exhibits a unique symmetric Nash equilibrium with mixed strategies.
Stability estimates for the Vlasov–Poisson system in p$p$‐kinetic Wasserstein distances
Authors: Iacobelli Mikaela , Junné Jonathan
Published: April 2024

We extend Loeper's ‐estimate (Theorem 2.9 in J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 86 (2006), no. 1, 68–79) relating the force fields to the densities for the Vlasov–Poisson system to , with , based on the Helmholtz–Weyl decomposition. This allows us to generalize both the classical Loeper's 2‐Wasserstein stability estimate (Theorem 1.2 in J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 86 (2006), no. 1, 68–79) and the recent stability estimate by the first author relying on the newly introduced kinetic Wasserstein distance (Theorem 3.1 in Arch Rational Mech. Anal. 244 (2022), no. 1, 27–50) to kinetic Wasserstein distances of order .
Digital Twin in Process Planning of the Additive and Subtractive Process Chain for Laser Metal Deposition and Micro Milling of Stainless Steel
Authors: Denkena Berend , Wichmann Marcel , Malek Talash , Nguyen Hai Nam , Kato Makoto , Isshiki Kaito , Koike Ryo , Kakinuma Yasuhiro
Published: April 2024

Additive and subtractive (Add/Sub) manufacturing processes are increasingly being combined to produce complex parts with unique geometries and properties. However, the design of such combined processes is often challenging as it requires a deep understanding of the interaction between the different processes. On the other hand, digital twin (DT) technology has become a powerful tool in recent years for optimizing manufacturing processes. This article explores the use of the digital twin technology for a holistic process planning of combined additive and subtractive processes. The article describes the integration of laser metal deposition (LMD) and micro-milling prediction models of resulting geometry (width and height), hardness, and surface roughness into the digital twin. This is then used for combined process planning to achieve different target values regarding resulting geometry and surface roughness. For the planning of this combined process chain, further criteria such as tool life, energy, and process time are considered in the optimization, showing the potential for sustainable and efficient production. Sensorless cutting force estimation is also used to detect small cutting forces, with the potential to use this as a soft sensor for roughness estimation. The measured width, height, and roughness as a result of the process parameters suggested by the optimization algorithms showed a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4, 17, and 16%, respectively.
Impact of Real-Time Blind Slat Angle Control on Reducing Total Energy Consumption of a Library Building Using an Optimized Artificial Neural Network Model: A Case Study of the Six Moroccan Thermal Zones
Authors: El Alaoui Meryem , Oukmi Hasna , Chahidi Laila Ouazzani , Rougui Mohammed
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of extensive glazed areas in contemporary buildings contributes significantly to solar radiation infiltration, elevating energy demands and causing discomfort for occupants. Window shading devices play a pivotal role in addressing this challenge. This paper presents the development and optimization of an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model, designed to enable real-time control of slat angles by predicting total energy loads, specifically during summer (for cooling and lighting purposes). The refined model demonstrates high precision, achieving a normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) of approximately 1.72% and a correlation coefficient (R) of around 0.999, despite utilizing limited meteorological data. Key inputs for the model include solar radiation, solar altitude, and external temperature, with a particular focus on slat reflectivity. The study assesses the efficiency of three slat types based on their reflectivity: high (80%), medium (50%), and low (20%). Additionally, the research explores the impact of window-to-wall ratio (WWR) values on the control system's efficacy, revealing a positive correlation between higher WWR values and improved energy savings through ANN slat angle control. Furthermore, the study extends the applicability of the ANN model to the six thermal zones in Morocco, affirming its generalization across diverse environmental conditions.
Effects of Channel Flow Blockage on Metal Foam Heat Transfer
Authors: Aider Youssef , Kaur Inderjot , Singh Prashant
Published: April 2024

High porosity aluminum foams have the potential to dissipate large heat flux in a channel flow configuration due to their large surface area-to-volume ratio and the ability to enhance mixing due to flow tortuosity. It is well documented that the interstitial heat transfer coefficient has a power law dependence on the flow velocity at the pore-scale. For asymmetrical heating (single wall), a flow blockage concept is proposed with an aim to locally enhance flow speed near the heated wall. To this end, experimental and numerical investigation is carried out on a high porosity (95%) aluminum foam (10 pores per inch) with flow blockages, both upstream and downstream of the metal foam placed in a square channel. The opening was provided closer to the heated wall, where flow blockage was varied from 0% to 87%. With air as working fluid, experiments were conducted for channel Reynolds number varying from 3000 to 13,000. It was found that all flow blockages resulted in enhanced heat transfer over no-blockage case, however, at a high pressure drop penalty. An upstream flow blockage of 70% was found to have the highest thermal-hydraulic performance among other flow blockages (including 0% blockage).
Modeling of Wind Power Plants and Their Impact on Economic and Environmental Development
Authors: Suryani Erma , Hendrawan Rully Agus , Muhandhis Isnaini , Syafa'at Fizar , Mudjahidin Mudjahidin , Handayani Firin , Az-Zahra Alifia , Chou Shuo-Yan , Dewabharata Anindhita , Karijadi Irene
Published: April 2024

This research addresses the environmental dynamics of wind power plants and their impact on the economy and environment. A system dynamics framework is used as a tool for model development since it accommodates relationships between complex and nonlinear variables affecting the wind power plants and their impact on the economy and environment. The scientific contribution of this research is the creation of scenario modeling that describes the interrelationships of variables and parameters affecting wind power plants and their impact. By changing the structure of the model, projections on the future of wind power plant generation can be estimated. Several scenarios being developed include adding turbines in the Sidrap and Jeneponto regencies to increase the fulfillment ratio of wind energy and scenarios to reduce CO2 emissions using solid direct air capture (S-DAC). The data and information used in this research come from the Central Statistics Agency, articles on wind energy power plants, and data from related previous studies. These models and scenarios can be applied in other regions by adjusting the parameter values of the case study model. Total wind energy depends on density, wind speed, blade cross-sectional area, and the efficiency of the Betz limit. With the addition of 25 turbines in Sidrap and 20 turbines in Jeneponto, the average fulfillment ratio is estimated to increase by around 7% due to increased production. Meanwhile, total CO2 emissions are estimated to decrease by approximately 45% due to solid direct air capture.
Analyzing Hydrogen Flow Behavior Based on Deep Learning Sensor Selection Optimization Framework
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Al Shehri Abdallah , Qasim Abdulaziz , Yousef Ali
Published: April 2024

With tremendous potential to lower the carbon footprint of power generation and as an alternative energy carrier for many applications, hydrogen has emerged as a key potential energy carrier. Understanding of geological conditions and the injection and production changes over time for hydrogen storage are paramount, requiring in situ reservoir sensing options. Determining the flow behavior is of critical importance in order to estimate hydrogen volumes within the reservoir. A novel AI-driven methodology for hydrogen flow behavior and volume estimation was demonstrated. For determining the S1 through S3 predicted hydrogen storage quantities, the framework is linked to an uncertainty estimate framework. The Pohokura field in New Zealand served as the basis for the framework's evaluation, and it performed acceptably in terms of identifying the hydrogen flow behaviors and quantities inside the subsurface reservoir. The framework is a significant first step in assessing the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in subterranean reservoirs for long-term hydrogen storage.
Learning-Based Approach for Automated Surface Inspection with Industrial Tomography Imaging
Authors: Saied Majd , Ali Reda , Francis Clovis , Radilla Giovanni , Noun Ziad
Published: April 2024

In recent years, advanced deep learning techniques have emerged as pivotal tools in enabling the development of robust vision-based solutions for steel surface inspection. This resulted in enhanced inspection accuracy, all while significantly reducing costs in the manufacturing industry. However, the lack of actual steel surface defects datasets currently places a certain constraint on further research into classifying those anomalies. As a consequence, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique, known for its prowess in image-related tasks, faces certain challenges, especially in classifying less common defects. This work proposes a novel hybrid CNN model with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier at the output layer for surface defects classification. The features extracted from the pre-trained ResNet152 and EfficientB0 CNN algorithms are concatenated and fed to the SVM layer for classification. Extensive experiments on a merged dataset consisting of the publicly available Northeastern University (NEU) dataset and Xsteel surface defect dataset (X-SDD) are carried out and the accuracy and F1 scores are calculated for performance evaluation. The merged dataset contains eleven typical defect types with a total of 2660 defect images. Then, the adopted algorithm is compared with ten fine-tuned deep learning models to evaluate the performance of transfer learning for steel defect detection and identification. The evaluation results show that the deep feature extraction and SVM classification produced better results than the transfer learning. Finally, the proposed classifier model is validated on a newly collected dataset from a Computed Tomography scanner with an accuracy reaching over 96%.
Quantifying Hitting Load in Racket Sports: A Scoping Review of Key Technologies
Authors: Brich Quim , Casals Martí , Crespo Miguel , Reid Machar , Baiget Ernest
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This scoping review aims to identify the primary racket and arm-mounted technologies based on inertial measurement units that enable the quantification of hitting load in racket sports. Methods: A comprehensive search of several databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore) and Google search engines was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Included records primarily focused on monitoring hitting load in racket sports using commercialized racket or arm-mounted inertial sensors through noncompetitive and competitive racket-sports players. Results: A total of 484 records were identified, and 19 finally met the inclusion criteria. The largest number of systems found were compatible with tennis (n = 11), followed by badminton (n = 4), table tennis (n = 2), padel (n = 1), and squash (n = 1). Four sensor locations were identified: grip-attached (n = 8), grip-embedded (n = 6), wrist (n = 3), and dampener sensors (n = 2). Among the tennis sensors, only 4 out of the 11 (36.4%) demonstrated excellent reliability (>.85) in monitoring the number of shots hit either during analytic drills or during simulated matches. None of the other racket-sports sensors have undergone successful, reliable validation for hitting-volume quantification. Conclusions: Despite recent advancements in this field, the quantification of hitting volume in racket sports remains a challenge, with only a limited number of tennis devices demonstrating reliable results. Thus, further progress in technology and research is essential to develop comprehensive solutions that adequately address these specific requirements.
Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behavior of People Living With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Thigh-Worn Accelerometers
Authors: Hopkins Jane , McVeigh Joanne A. , Hill Keith D. , Burton Elissa
Published: April 2024

Community-dwelling people with Mild Cognitive Impairment self-reporting not to be meeting recommended physical activity levels participated in this study to (a) determine compliance of wearing (thigh-worn) accelerometers, (b) describe physical activity levels and sedentary behavior, and (c) determine the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) compared with activPAL accelerometers. A total of 79 people had valid accelerometer data (median [interquartile range]: age, 71 [54–75] years). Compliance was 86.81%. Participants were sedentary for 10.6 hr per day and engaged in a median of 9 min per day of moderate-intensity physical activity. Fair correlations were found between the PASE and total stepping time per day (r = .35, p < .01), total number of steps per day (r = .36, p < .01), and number of steps in stepping activities completed for ≤1 min (r = .42, p < .01). The PASE and Standing time (r = .04, p = .724) and PASE and Sitting time (r = .04, p = .699) had little to no relationship. The use of thigh-worn accelerometers for this population is achievable. People with Mild Cognitive Impairment have high levels of sedentary behavior and minimal engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity. The PASE has fair, positive criterion validity with activity-based outcomes measured by activPAL accelerometers but not with sedentary behavior, which is high for this population.
Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Key Genes in the Effect of Resistance Training on Female Skeletal Muscle Aging
Authors: Ma Jiacheng , Pang Xiaoli , Laher Ismail , Li Shunchang
Published: April 2024

Resistance training is used to combat skeletal muscle function decline in older adults. Few studies have been designed specific for females, resulting in very limited treatment options for skeletal muscle atrophy in aging women. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of skeletal muscle samples from sedentary young women, sedentary older women, and resistance-trained older women, using microarray data from public database. A total of 45 genes that were differentially expressed during female muscle aging and reversed by resistance training were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction network analysis, and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to reveal the key genes and pathways involved in the effects of resistance training on female muscle aging. The collagen genes COL1A1, COL3A1, and COL4A1 were identified important regulators of female muscle aging and resistance training, by modulating multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3 kinase-Akt signaling, focal adhesions, extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, and relaxin signaling. Interestingly, the expression of CDKN1A and TP63 were increased during aging, and further upregulated by resistance training in older women, suggesting they may negatively affect resistance training outcomes. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of resistance training on female muscle aging and identify potential biomarkers and targets for clinical intervention.
Essential Motor Skills and Evidence-Based Activities for Enhancing Child Motor Skill Development During Out-of-School Time Programming: An Expert Consensus Study
Authors: Stoepker Peter , Biber Duke , Dauenhauer Brian , Robinson Leah E. , Dzewaltowski David A.
Published: April 2024

Background: Locomotor and object control skills are considered essential skills for children to learn due to their potential impact in aiding in future health-enhancing physical activity. Evidence indicates that out-of-school time programs (OST) can provide meaningful movement opportunities for children. It has been found that leaders of OST programs are not equipped with the proper training to improve children’s motor skills. The purpose of this study was to gather expert consensus on the essential motor skills that should be practiced and evidence-based activities that should be integrated during OST programming. Methods: A three-round Delphi method was used to establish expert consensus on essential motor skills that children (5–10 years of age) should practice and evidence-based activities that should be integrated during OST programming to enhance child motor skill development. Results: Seven experts completed three rounds, and consensus was established (>70% agreement). Five essential motor skills were identified: overhand throwing, kicking, catching, jumping, and striking. Six evidence-based activities were agreed upon: team sport play, racket sports, swimming, resistance training, jogging/walking, and game-based approaches. Conclusion: Results from this study provide specific motor skills and evidence-based activities that program leaders could integrate during OST programming to enhance child motor skill development.
“It’s a Very Good Second Option”: Older Adults’ Experience of Telehealth
Authors: Buist Brett D. , Kramer Ben E. , Wright Kemi E. , Edwards Peter K. , Petrofes Alyssa M. , Furzer Bonnie J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The growing ability to provide online services has enabled the proliferation of exercise-based telehealth interventions; however, adoption in older adults may be impacted by low digital literacy and “technophobia.” Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the experience of community and aged-care dwelling older adults following exercise-based telehealth services to provide insights that could guide future telehealth exercise delivery. Design: Semi-structured interviews for qualitative analysis. Methods: Participants (age ≥60) who had completed at least one online exercise session from a registered health professional were recruited through a combination of purposeful and snowball sampling methods via their exercise facility or provider. A semi-structured interview guide was used by 2 interviewers to investigate participants’ experiences and a “critical friends” approach used to identify common themes. Results: Thirteen interviews with 21 participants were conducted from 2 different facilities. Analysis identified meaning units within 3 themes and subthemes. Technology subthemes related to digital confidence prior to telehealth and changes during interventions, as well as the usability of technology for telehealth. Clinical practice subthemes described the different motivations to exercise, perceived benefits of telehealth, important implications for practitioners, and perceptions of safety. The social connection theme related to the social benefits of telehealth. Conclusions: Older adults in our sample were technologically confident and capable of performing exercise sessions delivered via telehealth. They notice benefits from this form of exercise delivery however, prefer face-to-face exercise delivery.
Enlightenment on Knee Flexors Strength Loss in Cases of Posterior Knee Pain After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Dauty Marc , Louguet Bastien , Menu Pierre , Grondin Jérôme , Crenn Vincent , Daley Pauline , Fouasson-Chailloux Alban
Published: April 2024

Context: The persistence and the recurrence of posterior medial knee pain (PKP) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring tendon graft are often overlooked during rehabilitation. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: The study aimed (1) to evaluate the prevalence of these types of PKP before 4 months post-ACLR, (2) to measure their consequences on the knee flexors strength, and (3) to evaluate the role of the type of ACLR. From a cohort of patients operated on with hamstring tendon procedures, the persistent and the recurrent PKP were sought at 4 months post-ACLR. The evolution of isokinetic muscle strength recovery in PKP subjects was compared with those of nonpainful subjects. The functional deficit was measured at 6/7 months post-ACLR by a hop test. Results: Three hundred seventeen subjects (25.8 [6.0] y) were included. At 4 months post-ACLR, 2 populations were identified based on the recurrent onset of PKP (PKP+, n = 40) or the absence of knee pain (PKP−, n = 277). The prevalence of PKP was 8.3%. At the fourth month post-ACLR, the PKP+ group had a higher flexor strength deficit compared with the PKP− group (limb symmetry index at 60°/s: 67.2% [12.4%] vs 84.3% [12.6%]; P < .05). At 6/7 months, the loss of strength persisted (limb symmetry index at 60°/s: 82.3% [13.4%] vs 87.7% [12.8%]; P < .05). The hop test deficit was comparable, and no difference was shown according to the type of graft. Conclusions: Persistent and recurrent PKP during the rehabilitation period were not uncommon and were associated with a worsening of flexors strength loss on the ACLR side.
Histone deacetylase Sir2 promotes the systemic
Candida albicans
infection by facilitating its immune escape via remodeling the cell wall and maintaining the metabolic activity
Authors: Yang Chen , Li Guanglin , Zhang Qiyue , Bai Wenhui , Li Qingiqng , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Jiye
Published: April 2024

Histone deacetylation affects
Candida albicans
(
C. albicans
) pathogenicity by modulating virulence factor expression and DNA damage. The histone deacetylase Sir2 is associated with
C. albicans
plasticity and maintains genome stability to help
C. albicans
adapt to various environmental niches. However, whether Sir2-mediated chromatin modification affects
C. albicans
virulence is unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of Sir2 on
C. albicans
pathogenicity and regulation. Here, we report that Sir2 is required for
C. albicans
pathogenicity, as its deletion affects the survival rate, fungal burden in different organs and the extent of tissue damage in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. We evaluated the impact of Sir2 on
C. albicans
virulence factors and revealed that the Sir2 null mutant had an impaired ability to adhere to host cells and was more easily recognized by the innate immune system. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the disruption of
C. albicans
adhesion was due to a decrease in cell surface hydrophobicity rather than the differential expression of adhesion genes on the cell wall. In addition, Sir2 affects the distribution and exposure of mannan and β-glucan on the cell wall, indicating that Sir2 plays a role in preventing the immune system from recognizing
C. albicans
. Interestingly, our results also indicated that Sir2 helps
C. albicans
maintain metabolic activity under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 contributes to
C. albicans
colonization at hypoxic sites. In conclusion, our findings provide detailed insights into antifungal targets and a useful foundation for the development of antifungal drugs.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
(
C. albicans
) is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen and can cause various superficial infections and even life-threatening systemic infections. To successfully propagate infection, this organism relies on the ability to express virulence-associated factors and escape host immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that the histone deacetylase Sir2 helps
C. albicans
adhere to host cells and escape host immunity by mediating cell wall remodeling; as a result,
C. albicans
successfully colonized and invaded the host
in vivo
. In addition, we found that Sir2 contributes to carbon utilization under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 is important for
C. albicans
survival and the establishment of infection in hypoxic environments. In summary, we investigated the role of Sir2 in regulating
C. albicans
pathogenicity in detail; these findings provide a potential target for the development of antifungal drugs.
Nitric oxide signaling through three receptors regulates virulence, biofilm formation, and phenotypic heterogeneity of
Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Michaelis Sarah , Chen Tong , Schmid Camille , Hilbi Hubert
Published: April 2024

The causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease,
Legionella pneumophila
, is an environmental bacterium, that replicates in macrophages, parasitizes amoeba, and forms biofilms.
L. pneumophila
employs the
Legionella
quorum sensing (Lqs) system and the transcription factor LvbR to control various bacterial traits, including virulence and biofilm architecture. LvbR negatively regulates the nitric oxide (NO) receptor Hnox1, linking quorum sensing to NO signaling. Here, we assessed the response of
L. pneumophila
to NO and investigated bacterial receptors underlying this process. Chemical NO donors, such as dipropylenetriamine (DPTA) NONOate and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), delayed and reduced the expression of the promoters for flagellin (P

flaA

) and the 6S small regulatory RNA (P

6SRNA

). Marker-less
L. pneumophila
mutant strains lacking individual (Hnox1, Hnox2, or NosP) or all three NO receptors (triple knockout, TKO) grew like the parental strain in media. However, in the TKO strain, the reduction of P

flaA

expression by DPTA NONOate was less pronounced, suggesting that the NO receptors are implicated in NO signaling. In the Δ
nosP
mutant, the
lvbR
promoter was upregulated, indicating that NosP negatively regulates LvbR. The single and triple NO receptor mutant strains were impaired for growth in phagocytes, and phenotypic heterogeneity of non-growing/growing bacteria in amoebae was regulated by the NO receptors. The single NO receptor and TKO mutant strains showed altered biofilm architecture and lack of response of biofilms to NO. In summary, we provide evidence that
L. pneumophila
regulates virulence, intracellular phenotypic heterogeneity, and biofilm formation through NO and three functionally non-redundant NO receptors, Hnox1, Hnox2, and NosP.

IMPORTANCE

The highly reactive diatomic gas molecule nitric oxide (NO) is produced by eukaryotes and bacteria to promote short-range and transient signaling within and between neighboring cells. Despite its importance as an inter-kingdom and intra-bacterial signaling molecule, the bacterial response and the underlying components of the signaling pathways are poorly characterized. The environmental bacterium
Legionella pneumophila
forms biofilms and replicates in protozoan and mammalian phagocytes.
L. pneumophila
harbors three putative NO receptors, one of which crosstalks with the
Legionella
quorum sensing (Lqs)-LvbR network to regulate various bacterial traits, including virulence and biofilm architecture. In this study, we used pharmacological, genetic, and cell biological approaches to assess the response of
L. pneumophila
to NO and to demonstrate that the putative NO receptors are implicated in NO detection, bacterial replication in phagocytes, intracellular phenotypic heterogeneity, and biofilm formation.
Draft genome sequences of 13
Tenacibaculum maritimum
isolates from farmed Norwegian
Cyclopterus lumpus
(lumpfish) and
Scophthalmus maximus
(turbot)
Authors: Spilsberg Bjørn , Nilsen Hanne K. , Gulla Snorre , Lagesen Karin , Colquhoun Duncan J. , Olsen Anne Berit
Published: April 2024

Thirteen bacterial isolates of
Tenacibaculum maritimum
were sequenced and assembled. The strains were isolated from four disease outbreaks in farmed marine fish in Norway. Eight isolates were from
Cyclopterus lumpus
(lumpfish), and five were from
Scophthalmus maximus
(turbot). Overall, sequence similarity did not correlate with host species or geographic location.