bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitioning to Pegylated Interferon for the Treatment of Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma: Meeting the Challenge of Therapy Discontinuation and a Proposed Algorithm
Authors: Osman Selena , Chia Justin C. , Street Lesley , Hardin Jori
Published: February 2023

Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an uncommon non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by skin involvement, with the most recognized subtypes being mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). Interferon has been an established treatment for MF/SS since 1984 and is integrated into management guidelines internationally. In 2019, manufacturers abruptly discontinued interferon‐α2b and interferon‐α2a. Many alternative systemic therapies in MF/SS remain unfunded or unavailable in Canada, presenting a unique challenge. Although off‐label use of pegylated interferon is a logical substitute, there are no established dosing guidelines and limited published experience. This case series provides a single‐center experience on pegylated interferon‐α2b for treatment of MF/SS, a suggested management algorithm, and a review of the literature. All patients identified in the Calgary Cutaneous Lymphoma Program with stage IIB–IVB MF/SS treated with interferon‐α2b (4.5–9 MU/week) were switched to once weekly pegylated interferon (90 μg, 0.5 mL) between February and July 2021. Response was monitored using the mSWAT and SkinDex‐29 tools. Eight patients were switched to pegylated interferon, with a median disease duration of 69 months (range: 8–275 months). Five out of eight patients remain on pegylated interferon, with the remainder having switched to preplanned therapies. Two patients required dose reduction due to side effects, including grade II anemia and mood changes. The remaining patients had normal laboratory investigations and no additional side effects. Uncommon lymphomas like MF/SS have limited treatment options, and the impact of abrupt product discontinuation is substantial. We propose a management algorithm for the transition of patients from interferon to pegylated interferon.
Changes of the Types and Daily Costs of Topical Antiglaucoma Medications from 2006 to 2021 in China
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Jia Xuefang , Gao Ying , Wu Lingling
Published: February 2023

Purpose. To investigate the changes of the types and daily costs of topical antiglaucoma medications from 2006 to 2021 in China, providing evidence for optimizing treatment regimen and medical insurance policy. Methods. The types of topical antiglaucoma drugs except complementary and traditional medicines and associated price information were collected from the largest pharmaceutical database in China (YAOZH database). The daily costs of each drug, the average income level, and the daily cost of topical antiglaucoma medications relative with daily disposable income were calculated and compared between 2006 and 2021. Results. The options of topical antiglaucoma drugs increased remarkably to 32 types in 2021, of which prostaglandin analogs comprised the largest proportion (31.25%). There were 10 types of the same brand drugs available in 2006 and 2021, the mean daily cost of which decreased from $0.39 ± 0.30 to $0.28 ± 0.23 (

p
<
0.001

). As the average daily disposable income of Chinese residents grew greatly, the proportion of the daily cost of topical antiglaucoma medications in daily disposable income in 2021 declined significantly from 32.52% to 5.78% (all the drugs,

p
<
0.001

) and 3.94% (without unit dose package,

p
<
0.001

) in rural areas and from 9.95% to 2.31% (all the drugs,

p
<
0.001

) and 1.57% (without unit dose package,

p
<
0.001

) in urban areas. Conclusions. Topical antiglaucoma medications available become much more abundant in China. With the increase of residents’ disposable income and reduction of daily costs of topical antiglaucoma medications, the drug treatment for glaucoma becomes more affordable both in rural and urban areas.
Integration of Wind Systems with SVC and STATCOM during Various Events to Achieve FRT Capability and Voltage Stability: Towards the Reliability of Modern Power Systems
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally , Salama Hossam S. , Bajaj Mohit , Aly Mohamed M. , Vokony Istvan , Bukhari Syed Sabir Hussain , Wapet Daniel Eutyche Mbadjoun , Abdel-Rahim Abdel-Moamen M.
Published: February 2023

FACTS tools in modern power systems provide a vital solution to the problems of voltage deviation and fault ride-through (FRT) capability in electrical power systems especially during the integration of wind power. Many distinct journals highlight that the wind-driven squirrel cage generator (SCIG) still accounts for around 15% of operating wind generators so far. To enhance voltage stability and FRT capacity, this paper recommends a cost-effective static VAR compensator (SVC) which has a size rating of six MVAR, and this improves the efficiency of the electrical power system. Different events are considered in this study such as high turbulent wind speed, low turbulent wind speed, unsymmetrical faults, and symmetrical faults to validate the suggested option. Moreover, the suggested solution is compared with the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a fixed capacitor to ensure that during the studied wind speed profiles and faults, voltage stability, reactive power consumption, and FRT capability are realized. An overall comparison among them is performed under all studied scenarios to summarize their benefits and impacts. The simulated results show the effectiveness and superiority of SVC in improving the operation of an integrated wind system based on a grid-linked SCIG and the performance of the power system. The modeling of SCIG, SVC, and STATCOM is designed by MATLAB/Simulink toolbox.
Risk Evaluation of Bone Metastases and a Simple Tool for Detecting Bone Metastases in Prostate Cancer: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Li Shi , Chen Caixia , Zhu Hua , Lin Qi , Yu Zhixian
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Population‐based estimates of the incidence and prognosis of bone metastases in prostate cancer (PC) are lacking. We aimed to characterize the incidence and risk of bone metastases and develop a simple tool for the prediction of bone metastases among patients with PC. Methods. Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A total of 75698 patients with PC with confirmed presence or absence of bone metastases at diagnosis between 1975 and 2019 in the United States were used for analysis. Data were stratified by age, race, residence, median income, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values, tumor size, distant metastatic history, and positive lymph node scores. Multivariable logistic and Cox regressions were performed to identify predictors of bone metastases and factors correlated with all‐cause mortality. Classification tree analysis was performed to establish a model. Results. After patients with PC with missing data were excluded, 75698 cases remained. Among these, 3835 patients had bone metastases. Incidence proportions were highest in patients with a high prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) value (odds ratio (OR), 2.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35‐4.35; p < 0.002). Multivariable Cox regression and risk analyses indicated that high PSA values (hazards ratio (HR), 19.8; 95% CI, 18.5‐21.2; p < 0.001) and high positive lymph node scores (vs. score 0; HR, 8.65; 95% CI, 7.89‐9.49; p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for mortality. Meanwhile, in the predication tree analysis, PSA values and lymph node scores were the most significant determining factors in two models. Median survival among the patients with PC was 78 months, but only 31 months among those with bone metastases. Conclusion. Patients with PC with high PSA values or high positive lymph node scores were at a significantly higher risk of bone metastases. Our study may provide a simple and accurate tool to identify patients with PC at high risk of bone metastases based on population‐based estimates.
Rural Folk Dance Movement Recognition Based on an Improved MCM‐SVM Model in Wireless Sensing Environment
Authors: Xie Li
Published: February 2023

In order to improve the accuracy and timeliness of folk dance movement recognition, this paper proposes an improved MCM‐SVM recognition model to recognize the lower limb human motion of ethnic dance in rural areas based on sensors. In order to recognize these actions, the SVM algorithm is used to identify the current action, and the MCM is used to optimize the recognition result. The experimental results show that the proposed improved model achieves higher recognition rate compared to the SVM algorithm for the recognition of different dance moves. The average recognition rate exceeds 93%, and the average recognition time is about 0.6 ms, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed model will provide guidance and practicality for the design and construction of future dance movement recognition systems.
[Retracted] Interior Design of Aging Housing Based on Smart Home System of IOT Sensor
Authors: Cui Xiao Dong , Chung Wonjun
Published: February 2023

In order to provide more comfortable living space for the elderly, this paper proposes an interior design method of aging housing based on intelligent home system of Internet of things sensors. Taking the residential area as the background environment, create the living space and environment for the elderly through intelligent means. There is a close relationship between the intelligent system in the room and the management center of the residential area and other users in the residential area. Firstly, through the theoretical research on the concepts of home‐based elderly care and intelligent elderly care, the development process of intelligent elderly care is described. Finally, in the “people‐oriented” concept, summarize and analyze the design methods of intelligent elderly care housing. The application results show that the interior form of the residence, the entrance of the lobby, the bedroom, and the kitchen should be designed for aging and intellectualization, respectively. For example, the clear width of the main passage of the bedroom should be greater than 900 mm, and its direction should be to the long side leading to the bed. The layout of furniture should consider leaving 1500∗1500 mm wheelchair rotation space to facilitate the activities of the elderly. Conclusion. This method can meet the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly.
A New Hybrid MPPT Based on Incremental Conductance-Integral Backstepping Controller Applied to a PV System under Fast-Changing Operating Conditions
Authors: Harrison Ambe , Alombah Njimboh Henry , de Dieu Nguimfack Ndongmo Jean
Published: February 2023

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is becoming more and more important in the optimization of photovoltaic systems. Several MPPT algorithms and nonlinear controllers have been developed for improving the energy yield of PV systems. On the one hand, most of the conventional algorithms such as the incremental conductance (INC) demonstrate a good affinity for the maximum power point (MPP) but often fail to ensure acceptable stability and robustness of the PV system against fast-changing operating conditions. On the other hand, the MPPT nonlinear controllers can palliate the robust limitations of the algorithms. However, most of these controllers rely on expensive solar irradiance measurement systems or complex and relatively less accurate methods to seek the maximum power voltage. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid MPPT based on the incremental conductance algorithm and the integral backstepping controller. The hybrid scheme exploits the benefits of the INC algorithm in seeking the maximum power voltage and feeds a nonlinear integral backstepping controller whose stability was ensured by the Lyapunov theory. Therefore, in terms of characteristics, the overall system is a blend of the MPP-seeking potential of the INC and the nonlinear and robust potentials of the integral backstepping controller (IBSC). It was noted that the hybrid system successfully palliates the conventional limitations of the isolated INC and relieves the PV system from the expensive burden of solar irradiance measurement. The proposed hybrid system increased the operational efficiency of the PV system to 99.94% and was found better than the INC MPPT algorithm and 8 other recently published MPPT methods. An extended validation under experimental environmental conditions showed that the hybrid system is approximately four times faster than the INC in tracking the maximum power with better energy yield than the latter.
Flutter Control of Active Aerodynamic Flaps Mounted on Streamlined Bridge Deck Fairing Edges: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wang Zilong , Zhao Lin , Chen Hanlin , Fang Genshen , Li Ke , Ge Yaojun
Published: February 2023

Traditional aerodynamic measures with fixed geometric shapes make it difficult to relieve the wind-induced vibration issues under the continuous expansion of bridge spans. Active aerodynamic control measures would be an alternative way to improve the wind vibration performance of long-span bridges. In this study, a bridge flutter control method based on active flaps was proposed, and the main girder-active flap-suspended aeroelastic model was designed to study the control effect. A pair of active flaps was installed on both sides of the box girder near the lateral fairings, and the movement signal of the main girder was detected using internal sensors. The two flaps move relative to the deck according to the preset equations of motion. This improved the flutter stability of the system with high effectiveness compared to traditional passive aerodynamic measures. By adjusting the gain coefficient in the motion function of the flaps and the phase difference between the flaps and the deck, the changing characteristics of the critical flutter wind speed were revealed with a deeper understanding of the relationship between the phase differences and gain coefficient of the active flaps and main girder. Studies have shown that the flutter performance of the deck-flap system is significantly affected by the phase difference and gain coefficient on both sides of the aerodynamic flap. The control law of the windward flap is relatively stable, but the control effect of the leeward flap is greatly affected by the movement of the windward flap.
Plexin-B1 Mutation Drives Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Mouse Models
Authors: Shorning Boris , Trent Neil , Griffiths David F. , Worzfeld Thomas , Offermanns Stefan , Smalley Matthew J. , Williamson Magali
Published: February 2023

Metastatic prostate cancer is essentially incurable and is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Plexins are transmembrane receptors for semaphorins with divergent roles in many forms of cancer.

We show here that prostate epithelial cell–specific expression of a mutant form of Plexin-B1 (P1597L) which was identified in metastatic deposits in patients with prostate cancer, significantly increases metastasis, in particular metastasis to distant sites, in two transgenic mouse models of prostate cancer (PbCre+Ptenfl/flKrasG12Vand PbCre+Ptenfl/flp53fl/fl). In contrast, prostate epithelial cell–specific expression of wild-type (WT) Plexin-B1 in PbCre+Ptenfl/flKrasG12V mice significantly decreases metastasis, showing that a single clinically relevant Pro1597Leu amino-acid change converts Plexin-B1 from a metastasis-suppressor to a metastasis-promoter. Furthermore, PLXNB1P1597L significantly increased invasion of tumor cells into the prostate stroma, while PLXNB1WTreduced invasion, suggesting that Plexin-B1 has a role in the initial stages of metastasis. Deletion of RhoA/C or PDZRhoGEF in Ptenfl/flKrasG12VPLXNB1P1597L mice suppressed metastasis, implicating the Rho/ROCK pathway in this phenotypic switch. Germline deletion of Plexin-B1, to model anti-Plexin-B1 therapy, significantly decreased invasion and metastasis in both models.

Our results demonstrate that Plexin-B1 plays a complex yet significant role in metastasis in mouse models of prostate cancer and is a potential therapeutic target to block the lethal spread of the disease.

Significance:

Few therapeutic targets have been identified specifically for preventing locally invasive/oligometastatic prostate cancer from becoming more widely disseminated. Our findings suggest Plexin-B1 signaling, particularly from the clinically relevant P1597L mutant, is such a target.
Changes in Inflammatory Markers in Clinical High Risk of Developing Psychosis
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Zeng JiaHui , Wei YanYan , Ye JiaYi , Tang XiaoChen , Xu LiHua , Hu YeGang , Liu HaiChun , Chen Tao , Li ChunBo , Wang JiJun
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Immune alterations are associated with the progression of psychosis. However, there are few studies designed to longitudinally measure inflammatory biomarkers during psychotic episodes. We aimed to assess changes in biomarkers from the prodromal phase to psychotic episodes in individuals with clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis and compare converters and non-converters to psychosis as well as healthy controls (HCs). Methods: We enrolled 394 individuals with CHR and 100 HCs. A total of 263 individuals with CHR completed the 1-year follow-up, and 47 had converted to psychosis. Interleukin (IL)-1β, 2, 6, 8, 10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured at baseline and 1 year after completion of the clinical assessment. Results: The baseline serum levels of IL-10, IL-2, and IL-6 were significantly lower in the conversion group than in the non-conversion group (IL-10, p = 0.010; IL-2, p = 0.023; IL-6, p = 0.012) and HC (IL-6: p = 0.034). Self-controlled comparisons showed that IL-2 changed significantly (p = 0.028), and IL-6 levels tended toward significance (p = 0.088) in the conversion group. In the non-conversion group, serum levels of TNF-α (p = 0.017) and VEGF (p = 0.037) changed significantly. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant time effect related to TNF-α (F = 4.502, p = 0.037, effect size (η2) = 0.051), a group effect related to IL-1β (F = 4.590, p = 0.036, η2 = 0.062), and IL-2 (F = 7.521, p = 0.011, η2 = 0.212), but no time × group effect. Discussion: Alterations in the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were found to precede the first episode of psychosis in the CHR population, particularly for those who later converted to psychosis. Longitudinal analysis supports the varied roles of cytokines in individuals with CHR with later psychotic conversion or non-conversion outcomes.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma in Japan Using a JMDC Claims Database
Authors: Wang Dong , Ito Chie , Homma Yuji , Arimitsu Michinori , Yoshisue Hajime
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Although the prevalence and burden of asthma are continuously increasing, there is a lack of evidence on the landscape of moderate-to-severe asthma in Japan. Here, we report the prevalence of moderate-to-severe asthma and describe patient’s demographics and clinical characteristics from 2010 to 2019 using the JMDC claims database. Methods: Patients (≥12 years) from the JMDC database with ≥2 asthma diagnoses in 2 different months in each index year were stratified as moderate-to-severe asthma based on the definition of asthma prevention and management guideline (Japanese Guidelines for Asthma, JGL) or Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Primary objective: 10-year trend (2010–2019) in the prevalence of moderate-to-severe asthma. Secondary objective: Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients from 2010 to 2019. Results: Of 7,493,027 patients from the JMDC database, 38,089 and 133,557 were included in JGL and GINA cohorts, respectively, by 2019. Both cohorts presented an increasing trend in the prevalence rate of moderate-to-severe asthma from 2010 to 2019, irrespective of age groups. Demographics and clinical characteristics were consistent across the cohorts in each calendar year. Majority of patients were in the age group of 18–60 years in both JGL (86.6%) and GINA (84.2%) cohorts. Allergic rhinitis was the most frequent comorbidity and anaphylaxis the least frequent comorbidity reported in both the cohorts. Conclusions: In Japan, the prevalence rate of patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, as per JGL or GINA in the JMDC database, increased from 2010 to 2019. The demographics and clinical characteristics were similar in both cohorts over the assessment duration.
Modeling Heart Diseases on a Chip: Advantages and Future Opportunities
Authors: Mourad Omar , Yee Ryan , Li Mengyuan , Nunes Sara S.
Published: February 2023

Heart disease is a significant burden on global health care systems and is a leading cause of death each year. To improve our understanding of heart disease, high quality disease models are needed. These will facilitate the discovery and development of new treatments for heart disease. Traditionally, researchers have relied on 2D monolayer systems or animal models of heart disease to elucidate pathophysiology and drug responses. Heart-on-a-chip (HOC) technology is an emerging field where cardiomyocytes among other cell types in the heart can be used to generate functional, beating cardiac microtissues that recapitulate many features of the human heart. HOC models are showing great promise as disease modeling platforms and are poised to serve as important tools in the drug development pipeline. By leveraging advances in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte biology and microfabrication technology, diseased HOCs are highly tuneable and can be generated via different approaches such as: using cells with defined genetic backgrounds (patient-derived cells), adding small molecules, modifying the cells’ environment, altering cell ratio/composition of microtissues, among others. HOCs have been used to faithfully model aspects of arrhythmia, fibrosis, infection, cardiomyopathies, and ischemia, to name a few. In this review, we highlight recent advances in disease modeling using HOC systems, describing instances where these models outperformed other models in terms of reproducing disease phenotypes and/or led to drug development.
Alliance of Heart and Endoderm: Multilineage Organoids to Model Co-development
Authors: Ng Wai Hoe , Varghese Barbie , Jia Hongpeng , Ren Xi
Published: February 2023

Studies in animal models tracing organogenesis of the mesoderm-derived heart have emphasized the importance of signals coming from adjacent endodermal tissues in coordinating proper cardiac morphogenesis. Although in vitro models such as cardiac organoids have shown great potential to recapitulate the physiology of the human heart, they are unable to capture the complex crosstalk that takes place between the co-developing heart and endodermal organs, partly due to their distinct germ layer origins. In an effort to address this long-sought challenge, recent reports of multilineage organoids comprising both cardiac and endodermal derivatives have energized the efforts to understand how inter-organ, cross-lineage communications influence their respective morphogenesis. These co-differentiation systems have produced intriguing findings of shared signaling requirements for inducing cardiac specification together with primitive foregut, pulmonary, or intestinal lineages. Overall, these multilineage cardiac organoids offer an unprecedented window into human development that can reveal how the endoderm and heart cooperate to direct morphogenesis, patterning, and maturation. Further, through spatiotemporal reorganization, the co-emerged multilineage cells self-assemble into distinct compartments as seen in the cardiac-foregut, cardiac-intestine, and cardiopulmonary organoids and undergo cell migration and tissue reorganization to establish tissue boundaries. Looking into the future, these cardiac incorporated, multilineage organoids will inspire future strategies for improved cell sourcing for regenerative interventions and provide more effective models for disease investigation and drug testing. In this review, we will introduce the developmental context of coordinated heart and endoderm morphogenesis, discuss strategies for in vitro co-induction of cardiac and endodermal derivatives, and finally comment on the challenges and exciting new research directions enabled by this breakthrough.
Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypertension: A Review of Current Evidence and Recommendations
Authors: Cameron Natalie A. , Blyler Ciantel A. , Bello Natalie A.
Published: February 2023

Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been used as effective and popular forms of contraception since the middle of the last century. By 2019, over 150 million reproductive-aged individuals were using OCPs to prevent unintended pregnancies worldwide. Safety concerns regarding the effects of OCPs on blood pressure were reported soon after these pills gained approval. Although OCP doses were subsequently reduced, epidemiologic evidence continued to support a smaller, but significant association between OCPs and hypertension. Given the rising prevalence of hypertension, as well as the adverse effects of cumulative exposure to blood pressure elevations on cardiovascular disease risk, understanding the nature of the association between OCPs and hypertension is important for clinicians and patients to assess the risks and benefits of use, and make individualized decisions regarding contraception. Therefore, this review summarizes the current and historical evidence describing the association between OCP use and blood pressure elevations. Specifically, it identifies the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking OCPs to hypertension risk, describes the magnitude of the association between OCPs and blood pressure elevations, and distinguishes the effects of various OCP types on blood pressure. Finally, it describes current recommendations regarding hypertension and OCP use, as well as identifies strategies, such as over-the-counter OCP prescribing, to safely and equitably improve access to oral contraception.
Compensation Algorithm for Voltage Dip at Transmission End of Distribution Network Considering Uncertainty of Wind Power
Authors: Jiang Chaopeng , Fu Yongjun , Wang Yachao , Fan Honggang , Xu Jiang , Zhang Penglin , Liu Wenxue
Published: February 2023

Due to the random interference of voltage fluctuation, the power consumption value is large when actually compensating voltage quality. In view of this problem, a compensation algorithm for sudden voltage drop at the transmission end of distribution network considering the uncertainty
of wind power is proposed. Build the Internet of things monitoring architecture for the multi-parameter operation of the transmission end of the distribution network, design a multi-channel acquisition circuit based on this, initially obtain the multi-parameter operation of the transmission
end of the distribution network, and build a parameter identification equation to identify the operating parameters of the transmission end of the distribution network. Based on the obtained multi parameters of distribution network equipment operation, a compensation strategy is established.
Based on the bus of the regional power station, the power flow calculation method of the regional power grid is constructed, and the topological structure of the regional voltage control points is obtained. The points in the structure are used as the voltage quality evaluation points, and
the optimal control function relationship is constructed. Combined with different voltage control results, the sudden drop compensation of the voltage operation state at the transmission end of the distribution network is finally completed. The experimental results show that the controllable
voltage value of the compensation algorithm is higher, and the network loss rate is lower, which has a good compensation effect.
A Smart Diseases Diagnosis and Classification Strategy of Electronic Healthcare Application Using Novel Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Alattab Ahmed Abdu , Ghaleb Mukhtar , Olayah Fekry , Almurtadha Yahya , Hamdi Mohammed , Yahya Anwar Ali , Irshad Reyazur Rashid
Published: February 2023

In today’s world, the healthcare industry faces difficulties like a scarcity of healthcare professionals, ageing, and rising healthcare costs. Also the classification and decision making process using the data generated via electronic health sensors is of major concern. In the
fields of research and medical services, artificial intelligence (AI) is widely employed. However, correct estimate for various illnesses is a significant issue. The implementation of a new hybrid artificial intelligence (AI)-based classifier for helping prediction diagnosis in patients with
chronic cancer conditions is examined in this work. Unknown qualities are predicted and given using the Hierarchical Red deer optimization (HRDO) based feature extraction, which is based on realworld cases. The Self-Systemized Generative Fuzzy Algorithm (SSGFA), which finds irregularities
in patient data and predicts sickness, is used to create the hybrid classification design. This study’s simulation analysis included datasets for colon, lung, and brain cancer illnesses. The new combination of classifiers’ better performance resulted in total classification with
increased accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure, respectively. In terms of performance indicators, the suggested strategy is also compared to traditional methods. This demonstrates the suggested classification model’s ability to appropriately categorize various illnesses
information for categorization.
An Injectable Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Allopurinol as a Potential Wound Dressing Material to Treat Skin Wounds After Fracture Surgery: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Hua Hongning , Su Wei , Zhao Zhiyong , Ma Tianlong
Published: February 2023

In the current study, Allopurinol was loaded into chitosan hydrogel to developed an injectable wound dressing material for treating skin wounds after fracture surgery. The hydrogel system was prepared by cross-linking with Tripolyphosphate. Various In Vitro experiments including
cell viability assay, cytoprotection assay, cell migration assay, water uptake capacity measurement, and drug release assay were performed to characterize the dressings. In Vivo study was performed in a rat model of excisional wound. Results showed that Allopurinol-incorporated hydrogel
system was not toxic and preserved cell viability under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. In Vivo study revealed that Allopurinol-delivering hydrogel had significantly higher wound contraction than pure chitosan hydrogel and negative control groups. Histopathological
studies showed that wounds treated chitosan/Allopurinol hydrogel had higher collagen deposition and epithelial thickness. This system can be potential applied in the clinic to promote skin wound healing after fracture surgeries.
Colorimetric Array Electronic Nose for Automotive Interior Material Odor Detection
Authors: Cui Chen , Wang Lei , Liu Wei , Liu Yalin , Zheng Siwei , Tian Boyang , Zhang Shijian , Zhu Zhenyu
Published: February 2023

This study aims to detect the odor intensity levels of automotive adhesive tapes accurately, efficiently, and non-destructively. A 35-array colorimetric sensing test paper was developed using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) laminated test paper as the substrate and an acid-base solvent
to detect the odor substances volatilized from the automotive interior materials. Detection experiments results show that the main odor substances volatilized from the automotive tape samples were aldehydes, ketones, acids, and ethers, changing colors at the relevant spots of the corresponding
test paper. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) show that the colorimetric array test paper could accurately identify the different odor intensities of the automotive tape samples. To test the detection level
of the colorimetric electronic nose on the odor intensity of other automotive tapes, a separate automotive tape sample prediction utilizes the electronic nose. All predicted odor intensity values of the separate automotive tape sample deviated by less than 0.4 from the subjective evaluation
results and by less than 0.5 from the subjective evaluation results. Thus, the objective prediction model based on the colorimetric electronic nose can be used for detecting automotive adhesive tapes with different odor intensities.
Photocatalytic Activity and Mechanism of Cu2+ Doped ZnO Nanomaterials
Authors: Li Pen-Xin , Yang Ai-Yun , Xin Lang , Xue Biao , Yin Chun-Hao
Published: February 2023

The photocatalytic activity and mechanism of photocatalysts made of ZnO nanoparticles before and after doping with different Cu2+ concentrations were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction. The nanoparticles were prepared using sol–gel method.
UV-vis spectrometers characterized the photocatalytic degradation effect of the composite samples on methyl orange solution. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO changed little by Cu2+ doping. With the increase in doping concentration,
the CuO and Cu2O diffraction peaks were detected successively in the crystal. The results of the electron paramagnetic resonance test for all samples indicated three kinds of unpaired electrons with g factors of 2.07, 1.997, and 1.954. Further analysis confirmed them to be
Cu2+, V+O, and Zn–H complexes. Photocatalytic degradation results of methyl orange showed that proper doping (c(Cu2+) = 2%) could improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. The main reason for the increase was that the substitution
of Cu2+ for Zn2+ in the crystal lattice produced Zni, and the Zn atom could act as the donor to release electrons, so that the number of electrons in the material increased, which indirectly increased the superoxide radical content in the solution and improves
the photocatalytic activity of ZnO.
Drought Attribution Studies and Water Resources Management
Authors: Olsen J. R. , Dettinger M. D. , Giovannettone J. P.
Published: February 2023

Attribution studies can provide insights into changing drought processes that can inform planning for future water supply, reservoir allocation decisions, and drought triggers.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Measurements of Time and Length Scales of Temperature Fluctuations in a Turbulent Flame
Authors: Kobtsev Vitaly D. , Kozlov Dimitrii N. , Kostritsa Sergey A. , Orlov Sergey N. , Smirnov Valery V. , Volkov Sergey Y.
Published: February 2023

The ability to derive temporal and spatial scales of “instantaneous” local temperature variations in a turbulent flame by means of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy is demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge. The measurements employed two CARS spectrometers with synchronized nanosecond pulse-repetitive lasers. The system was enabling to record, with a high temporal resolution of about 10 ns, series of single laser shot CARS spectra of N2 molecules from two spatially overlapped or displaced probe volumes as small as 0.03 × 0.03 × 2 mm3. The spectra were being recorded at a variable delay between two sequential shots, following each other in pairs at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The series of 500 coupled measurements, at the delays in the range 1 μs–10 ms and the displacements up to 2.5 mm, have been performed in a few points of an open premixed methane–air flame of a laboratory burner with the time-averaged temperatures in the range 1200–1800 K. From the spectra, “instantaneous” temperatures, at the given delay and probe volume distance, have been derived. This allowed the auto-correlation coefficients of temperature fluctuations versus the delay and the displacement to be calculated. These dependences enabled to evaluate temperature correlation times and lengths under various mixture flow rates and equivalence ratios.
The Hong Kong National Security Law and the Changing Character of Rule in the China–Hong Kong Relationship
Authors: Karmazin Aleš
Published: February 2023

I discuss changes in the character and mechanisms of rule in the China–Hong Kong relationship after the promulgation of the Hong Kong National Security Law (HKNSL). I focus on the broader impacts of this particular legal norm on political order. By building on institutionalist theories of direct and indirect rule, I argue that HKNSL and the following changes brought about a compounded (amalgamated) type of rule of China over Hong Kong. It is based on a blend of aspects and mechanisms that do not account for direct governance in the full sense but utilise some elements of it. The post-HKNSL situation entangles new ruling mechanisms with those that had existed previously but were updated and strengthened in the post-HKNSL aftermath.
Effective light management, stretchable and transparent nanofiber electrode via the incorporation of phosphors into composite nanofibers for wearable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cao Yimin , Zhang Wenjie , Shi Fanglin , Chen Tianying , Du Pingfan , Song Lixin , Xiong Jie
Published: February 2023

The flexible transparent electrode is a crucial component of wearable photoelectric devices, and has a significant influence on the performance and development of wearable devices. Here, a phosphor/polyimide/polyurethane@silver composite nanofiber (NF) web electrode was fabricated by electrospinning and magnetron sputtering for wearable photoelectric devices. The electrode demonstrated a promising light management ability with converting ultraviolet light to visible light, high conductivity with sheet resistance of 22.1 Ω/square, and high transparency with transmittance of over 80%. Besides, the electrode possessed an excellent stretched capacity with tensile strain of over 100%, and tensile stability with the resistance increased by ∼75% after 500 stretching cycles at the tensile stain of 50%. As a result, a flexible perovskite solar cell (PSC) was assembled by using the NF web electrode, and possessed the power conversion efficiency of 3.47%, which is higher than that of PSCs based on electrodes without phosphor. Furthermore, the flexible PSCs exhibited promising mechanical stability under bending, and could serve as wearable devices. This work provides a feasible and promising method to prepare lightweight, stretchable, light management, and transparent electrodes for photoelectric devices, and may facilitate the development of wearable photoelectric devices.
Yarn modeling and winding process simulation based on 3D beam elements
Authors: Shi Yingdong , Li Yong , Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Jun
Published: February 2023

In order to study the tension variation of cotton yarn in the winding process, a finite element model of yarn based on three-dimensional beam elements is proposed. As the size of yarn in the length direction is much larger than the cross-sectional size, this paper assumes that the yarn cross-section is circular and ignores the change of the cross-sectional area in the winding process. The winding process of yarn is simulated using Abaqus dynamic explicit, and the influence of the yarn fineness on the yarn tension during winding is analyzed. The results show that the average relative error between the simulation results and the experimental data is 14.09%, and the maximum relative error is 17.06%; therefore the model is reasonable. Compared with the solid element model of yarn, the yarn simulated by this model can save a lot of computing resources while taking into account the yarn stacking effect. The winding length that can be simulated in the same time is tens of times that of the solid element model, thus the winding simulation of nine-layer yarn on the bobbin is realized. The conclusion is that the inner yarn loop presents weak tension while the outer yarn loop has large tension.
Adverse renal effects associated with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Milne Benjamin , Gilbey Tom , De Somer Filip , Kunst Gudrun
Published: February 2023

Cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with postoperative renal dysfunction, one of the most common complications of this surgical cohort. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased short-term morbidity and mortality and has been the focus of much research. There is increasing recognition of the role of AKI as the key pathophysiological state leading to the disease entities acute and chronic kidney disease (AKD and CKD). In this narrative review, we will consider the epidemiology of renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery on CPB and the clinical manifestations across the spectrum of disease. We will discuss the transition between different states of injury and dysfunction, and, importantly, the relevance to clinicians. The specific facets of kidney injury on extracorporeal circulation will be described and the current evidence evaluated for the use of perfusion-based techniques to reduce the incidence and mitigate the complications of renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery.
Impact of preoperative malperfusion on postoperative outcomes in type A aortic dissection - importance of serum lactate estimation in ongoing malperfusion
Authors: Kaufeld Tim , Beckmann Erik , Rudolph Linda , Krüger Heike , Natanov Ruslan , Arar Morsi , Korte Wilhelm , Kaufeld Jessica , Schilling Tobias , Haverich Axel , Shrestha Malakh , Martens Andreas
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is one of the most critical emergencies in cardiovascular surgery. Additional complications such as organ malperfusion can significantly decrease the chances of survival. Despite promptly performed surgical treatment, impaired organ perfusion may persist, thus close postoperative monitoring is recommended. But, is there a surgical consequence due to the existence of a preoperatively known malperfusion and is there a correlation between pre-, peri- and postoperative levels of serum lactate and proven malperfusion?

Methods

Between 2011 and 2018, 200 patients (66% male; median age: 62.5 years; interquartile range: +/−12.4 years) that received surgical treatment at our institution for an acute dissection DeBakey type I were enrolled in this study. The cohort was divided into two groups according to the preoperative existence of malperfusion and non-malperfusion. At least one kind of malperfusion occurred in 74 patients (Group A: 37%), while 126 patients (Group B: 63%) showed no evidence of malperfusion. Furthermore, lactate levels of both cohorts were differentiated into four periods: preoperative, intraoperative, 24 hours after surgery, and 2–4 days after surgery.

Results

The patients’ status differed significantly prior to surgery. Group A (malperfusion) showed an elevated requirement for mechanical resuscitation (A: 10.8%; B: 5.6%; p: 0.173), were significantly more often admitted in an intubated state (A: 14.9%; B: 2.4%; p: 0.001) and showed higher incidences of stroke (A: 18.9% ( n = 149); B: 3.2% ( n = 4); p: 0.001). Levels of serum lactate from the preoperative period until days 2–4 were significantly increased in the malperfusion cohort at all times.

Conclusions

Preexisting malperfusion due to ATAAD may significantly increase the chance of early mortality in patients with ATAAD. Serum lactate levels were a reliable marker for inadequate perfusion from admission until day 4 after surgery. Despite this, early intervention survival in this cohort remains limited.
Ultrafiltration in cardiac surgery: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hensley Nadia B , Colao Joseph A , Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Nanavati Julie , Lawton Jennifer S , Raphael Jacob , Mazzeffi Michael A , Wierschke Chad , Kostibas Megan P , Cho Brian C , Frank Steven M , Grant Michael C
Published: February 2023

Background: Ultrafiltration is used with cardiopulmonary bypass to reduce the effects of hemodilution and restore electrolyte balance. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effect of conventional and modified ultrafiltration on intraoperative blood transfusion.

Methods: Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to perform a meta-analysis of studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating conventional ultrafiltration (CUF) and modified ultrafiltration (MUF) on the primary outcome of intraoperative red cell transfusions.

Results: A total of 7 RCTs ( n = 928) were included, comparing modified ultrafiltration ( n = 473 patients) to controls ( n = 455 patients) and 2 observational studies ( n = 47,007), comparing conventional ultrafiltration ( n = 21,748) to controls ( n = 25,427). Overall, MUF was associated with transfusion of fewer intraoperative red cell units per patient ( n = 7); MD −0.73 units; 95% CI −1.12 to −0.35 p = 0.04; p for heterogeneity = 0.0001, I 2 = 55%) compared to controls. CUF was no difference in intraoperative red cell transfusions compared to controls ( n = 2); OR 3.09; 95% CI 0.26–36.59; p = 0.37; p for heterogeneity = 0.94, I 2 = 0%. Review of the included observational studies revealed an association between larger volumes (>2.2 L in a 70 kg patient) of CUF and risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that MUF is associated with fewer intraoperative red cell transfusions. Based on limited studies, CUF does not appear to be associated with a difference in intraoperative red cell transfusion.
Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma is scattered and unsuitable for surgery: a case report
Authors: Cai Xiangreng , Sun Shuchuan , Deng Yuxin , Liu Jiangxin , Pan Siyuan
Published: February 2023

Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (HEAML) is a rare tumour of mesenchymal tissue with a malignant tendency. Occurring most frequently in women, the relative incidence in men and women, according to incomplete statistics, is approximately 1:5. In rare cases, disease occurrence and development is hidden. Lesions are generally discovered as chance findings by patients; abdominal pain is the first symptom, and imaging has no specificity in diagnosing the disease. Therefore, great difficulties exist in the diagnosis and treatment of HEAML. Here, the case of a 51-year-old female patient with a history of hepatitis B, and abdominal pain over 8 months as the initial symptom, is described. The patient was found to have multiple intrahepatic angiomyolipoma. Due to the small and scattered foci, complete resection was impossible, and because of her history of hepatitis B, conservative treatment was undertaken, with the patient undergoing regular follow-up. When hepatic cell carcinoma could not be excluded, the patient was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. No tumour neogenesis or metastasis was detected at the 1-year follow-up.
The long and short of it? A novel geometric illusion
Authors: Boyce W. Paul , Clifford Colin W. G.
Published: February 2023

Here we present what we believe to be a novel geometric illusion where identical lines are perceived as being of differing lengths. Participants were asked to report which of the two parallel rows of horizontal lines contained the longer individual lines (two lines on one row and 15 on the other). Using an adaptive staircase we adjusted the length of the lines on the row containing two to estimate the point of subjective equality (PSE). At the PSE, the two lines were consistently shorter than the row containing the fixed length of 15 lines demonstrating a disparity in perceived length such that lines of identical length are perceived as longer in a row of two than in a row of 15. The illusion magnitude was unaffected by which row was presented above the other. Additionally, the effect persisted when using one as opposed to two test lines, and when the line stimuli on both rows were presented with alternating luminance polarity the illusion magnitude decreased, but was not abolished. The data indicate a robust geometric illusion that may be modulated by perceptual grouping processes.