bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De los duelos clandestinos a las búsquedas de desaparecidos
Authors: Carrillo González Lorena
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo retoma algunas experiencias de búsquedas de combatientes de las FARC dados por desaparecidos, emprendidas por familiares y excombatientes, para exponer cómo las vidas de los miles de guerrilleros, muertos durante las hostilidades, nunca fueron consideradas como vidas vivibles por parte de distintas entidades estatales y del grueso de la sociedad colombiana. Ello determinó las formas en las que familiares de combatientes caídos en combates, u otras operaciones militares, han tenido que hacer las búsquedas y los duelos: de forma clandestina, sin cuerpos, sin certezas.  

Señalo con ello que la imposibilidad de valorar esas vidas, de darles nombres y reconocer sus historias, tiene implicaciones profundas en los intentos de construir comunidad en un país como Colombia, en el actual escenario de post acuerdo, que sigue atravesado por el conflicto armado.
BNCC EM CENÁRIOS ATUAIS: CURRÍCULO, ENSINO E A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: AMESTOY M. B. , FOLMER I. , MACHADO G. E.
Published: January 2021

O tema da BNCC tem relevância no contexto educacional, abrangendo discussões sobre a escola, aspectos curriculares, didáticos, leis e políticas públicas e a formação docente. Devido a atual discussão do tema da BNCC, este compõe trabalhos de pesquisa a nível de mestrados e doutorados desenvolvidos em PPGs a nível nacional. Sendo também peça principal de estudos e pesquisas desenvolvidas em Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil. O processo de implementação da BNCC é resultado de discussões sobre a educação no Brasil, contemplando eixos de estudos sobre a BNCC dinâmicos e abrangentes. Como a formação de professores, a qualidade da educação, currículo, experiências de ensino, políticas públicas de educação. Este dossiê pretende reunir trabalhos sobre os temas supracitados, contribuindo assim, com discussões sobre a BNCC em diferentes campos de atuação e pesquisa.
Memoria del Director de la Biblioteca Nacional
Authors: De Losada y Puga Cristóbal
Published: January 2021

Memoria de la Biblioteca Nacional, en la cual don Cristóbal de Losada y Puga expone sobre las actividades realizadas en esta Institución durante el año 1952.
“El Discreto”, periódico de Manuel Lorenzo de Vidaurre
Authors: Denegri Luna Félix
Published: January 2021

El Discreto, importante semanario que publicó en Lima Manuel Lorenzo de Vidaurre en el año 1827 con el lema Recté de rebus judicandi. Aparecía los días sábados con perfecta continuidad, desde su primer número, del 24 de febrero de 1827, hasta su décimo y último número, del 28 de abril del mismo año. El Discreto, se editó en la Imprenta Republicana, dirigida por José María Concha. En sus nueve primeros números tuvo ocho páginas y en el décimo sólo siete, siempre con la correspondiente foliación.
El Perú en la cronología universal: 1776-1801
Authors: Basadre Jorge , Pastor María Isabel
Published: January 2021

Tablas cronológicas de sucesos ocurridos en el mundo, entre los años 1776 y 1801. Bases para futuras investigaciones.
Irbit. A market town on the Nitsa
Authors: Dianova Julia , Dianov Sergey
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the geocultural potential of the Ural town of Irbit. In 2021 the town on the Nitsa is going to celebrate its 390th birthday. The long-standing combination of non-resident traders' activities and the solidarity of the local corporation gave a big boost to the development of urban architecture, art and theatre. Today, Irbit needs creative scenarios for realization of the city’s geocultural branding strategy. The ideas of Ch. Landry and D. N. Zamyatin are used in the analysis.
Vehicle induced turbulence and atmospheric pollution
Authors: Makar Paul A. , Stroud Craig , Akingunola Ayodeji , Zhang Junhua , Ren Shuzhan , Cheung Philip , Zheng Qiong
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Theoretical models of the Earth's atmosphere adhere to an underlying concept of flow driven by radiative transfer and the nature of the surface over which the flow is taking place: heat from the sun and/or anthropogenic sources are the sole sources of energy driving atmospheric constituent transport. However, another source of energy is prevalent in the human environment at the very local scale – the transfer of kinetic energy from moving vehicles to the atmosphere. We show that this source of energy, due to being co-located with combustion emissions, can influence their vertical distribution to the extent of having a significant influence on lower troposphere pollutant concentrations throughout North America. The effect of vehicle-induced turbulence on freshly emitted chemicals remains notable even when taking into account more complex urban radiative transfer-driven turbulence theories at high resolution. We have designed a parameterization to account for the at-source vertical transport of freshly emitted pollutants from mobile emissions resulting from vehicle-induced turbulence, in analogy to sub-grid-scale parameterizations for plume rise emissions from large stacks. This parameterization allows vehicle-induced turbulence to be represented at the scales inherent 3D chemical transport models, allowing its impact over large regions to be represented, without the need for the computational resources and much higher resolution of large eddy simulation models. Including this sub-grid-scale parameterization for the vertical transport of emitted pollutants due to vehicle-induced turbulence into a 3D chemical transport model of the atmosphere reduces pre-existing North American nitrogen dioxide biases by a factor of eight, and improves most model performance scores for nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and ozone (for example, reductions in root mean square errors of 20, 9 and 0.5 percent, respectively).
Changes in source contributions of particulate matter during COVID-19 pandemic in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Shen Juanyong , Wang Peng , Zhu Shengqiang , Wang Yu , Wang Pengfei , Wang Gehui , Chen Jianmin , Zhang Hongliang
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Within a short time after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, the Chinese government took a nationwide lockdown to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The quarantine measures have significantly decreased the anthropogenic activities, and thus improving the air quality. To study the impacts caused by the lockdown on specific source sectors and regions in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to investigate the changes in source contributions to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from January 23 to February 28, 2020, based on different emission control cases. Compared to Case 1 (without emission reductions), the total PM2.5 mass for Case 2 (with emission reductions) decreased by larger than 20 % over the entire YRD and the reduction ratios of its components were 15 %, 16 %, 20 %, 43 %, 34 %, and 35 % in primary organic aerosol (POA), elemental carbon (EC), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), respectively. The source appointment results showed that PM2.5 concentrations from transportation decreased by 40 % while from residential and power decreased by less than 10 % due to the lockdown. Although all sources decreased, the relative contribution changed differently. Contributions of residential increased by more than 10 % to 35 %, while that of the industry decreased to 33 %. Considering the regional transport, the total PM2.5 mass of all regions decreased 20–30 % in the YRD with the largest decreased value of 5.0 μg m−3 in Henan, Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin (Ha-BTH). In Shanghai, the lower contributions from local emissions and regional transmission (mainly Shandong and Ha-BTH) led to the reduced PM2.5. This study suggested adjustments of control measures for various sources and regions. Also, it was necessary to strengthen the regional collaboration at a large scale to improve the air quality in the YRD.
The enhancement of droplet collision by electric charges and atmospheric electric fields
Authors: Guo Shian , Xue Huiwen
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The effects of electric charges and fields on droplet collision–coalescence and the evolution of cloud droplet size distribution are studied numerically. Collision efficiencies for droplet pairs with radii from 2 to 1024 µm and charges from −32 r2 to +32 r2 (in units of elementary charge; droplet radius r in units of µm) in different strengths of downward electric fields (0, 200, and 400 V cm−1) are computed by solving the equations of motion for the droplets. It is seen that the collision efficiency is increased by electric charges and fields, especially for pairs of small droplets. These can be considered as being electrostatic effects. The evolution of the cloud droplet size distribution with the electrostatic
effects is simulated using the stochastic collection equation. Results show
that the electrostatic effect is not notable for clouds with the initial
mean droplet radius of r¯=15 µm or larger. For clouds with the initial r¯=9 µm, the electric charge without a field could evidently accelerate raindrop formation compared to the uncharged condition, and the existence of electric fields further accelerates it. For clouds with the initial r¯=6.5 µm, it is difficult for gravitational collision to occur, and the electric field could significantly enhance the collision process. The results of this study indicate that electrostatic effects can accelerate raindrop formation in natural conditions, particularly for polluted clouds. It is seen that the aerosol effect on the suppression of raindrop formation is significant in polluted clouds, when comparing the three cases with r¯=15, 9, and 6.5 µm. However, the electrostatic effects can accelerate raindrop formation in polluted clouds and mitigate the aerosol effect to some extent.
La educación: lo público y lo político
Authors: Baño Ahumada Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

Se pretende tratar de aclarar algunos aspectos básicos respecto al sentido e importancia de la educación, el significado de lo público y el sentido político de toda propuesta que se hace al respecto. El tema de la educación es primeramente político y empieza por la definición del carácter del Estado. De la definición del Estado como subsidiario se deriva la comprensión de la educación como un bien de consumo que se transa en el mercado en la cantidad y calidad que corresponda al respectivo poder de compra. De la definición de un Estado responsable deriva la comprensión de la educación como un derecho. Es la voluntad política la que establece una u otra definición.
Educación y Construcción de Comunidad: Estudio de Caso sobre el sentido que dan a la educación estudiantes adultos y educadores participantes de un proyecto educativo comunitario, en Villa Valle Verde, Maipú
Authors: Gacitúa Solorza Daniela
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación cualitativa recoge la experiencia de los pobladores de Valle Verde, quienes desarrollan un Proyecto Educativo autogestionado. Situando el problema en el contexto de la desigualdad económica en Chile, en una relación especular con la desigualdad educativa, traducida en una educación para pobres y otra para ricos, trazó el camino para pensar la vinculación entre la educación de los pobres y la educación de adultos. Con objeto de conocer el sentido que tiene la educación para la comunidad y sus representaciones respecto del sistema educativo, utilicé la teoría fundamentada y un enfoque hermenéutico-interpretativo, destacando como hallazgo principal la emergencia de un nuevo vínculo entre los participantes del Proyecto, conceptualizado como el lazo vecinos-compañeros, relevando el sentido comunitario de su práctica.
Una conversación sobre nuestra experiencia educacional
Authors: Johnson Mardones Daniel
Published: January 2021

Este texto reflexiona acerca de la naturaleza del campo curricular en tanto estudios de la experiencia educacional. Lo hace utilizando la metáfora de la conversación. Se mueve entonces entre la voz académica y la biográfica personal volviéndose sobre la experiencia educacional del autor en relación con los estudios curriculares. Desde dicha experiencia se abordan tres temas que parecen relevantes para aquellos que dedican sus esfuerzos al estudio y la enseñanza del curriculum. Estos temas son: internacionalización, estandarización, y el estudio de los estudios curriculares.
Entre la educación, la instrucción y el ejercicio docente dentro del sistema educativo. Ideas de educadoras en registros de Revista de Instrucción Primaria en Chile entre 1898-1910
Authors: Hernández Berta
Published: January 2021

Por medio de análisis de registros de las educadoras en la Revista de Instrucción Primaria en entre los años 1898-1919 es posible encontrar temáticas educativas que son de contingencia hasta la actualidad, tales como como; la educación y la instrucción, la alfabetización, las confusiones de conceptos que ha sucedido a manos de autoridades políticas y educativas especialmente, las deficiencias de un sistema educativo y sus características principales que apuntan a la formación del ciudadano, educación de la mujer, y formación y ejercicio docente, entre otras. Sin embargo, pese a lo pretérito de la fuente utilizada, las ideas y reflexiones son atingentes al presente, y es una fuente que ha sido poco estudiada. La opinión planteada es que hasta nuestra actualidad estas confusiones como educación e instrucción no han sido discutidas, ni mucho menos resueltas, a su vez que se mantienen las críticas al sistema educativo y el ejercicio docente. Las reflexiones finales son una invitación desde la historia social de la educación a seguir con más investigaciones sobre estas mujeres, intelectuales, maestras y educadoras.
Extracapsular extension on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging better predicts pT3 disease at radical prostatectomy compared to perineural invasion on biopsy
Authors: Griffiths Luke , Kotamarti Srinath , Mikhail David , Sarcona Joseph , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. , Villani Robert , Kreshover Jessica , Hall Simon J. , Vira Manish A. , Schwartz Michael J. , Richstone Lee
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Risk assessment for non-organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa) is important in the surgical planning for radical prostatectomy (RP). Perineural invasion (PNI) on prostate biopsy has been associated with adverse pathological outcomes at prostatectomy. Similarly, the identification of suspected extracapsular extension (ECE) on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been shown to predict non-organ-confined disease. However, no prior study has compared these factors in predicting adverse pathology at prostatectomy. We evaluated mpMRI ECE and prostate biopsy PNI on multivariable analysis to determine their ability to predict pathological stage at time of RP.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated the prostatectomy database at our institution to identify men who underwent prostate biopsy with pre-biopsy mpMRI and subsequent RP from 2013–2017. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to compare the association of mpMRI ECE (mECE) and PNI on prostate biopsy on the likelihood of finding pT3 disease on pathology post-prostatectomy.

Results: Of a total 454 RP between 2013 and 2017, 191 patients met our inclusion criteria. Stage pT2 and pT3+ were found in 120 (62.8%) and 71 (37.2%) patients, respectively. Patients with mECE had 4.84 cumulative odds of worse pathological stage on RP (p=0.045) compared to PNI on biopsy, which showed cumulative odds of 2.25 (p=0.048). When controlling only for those patients without PNI, mECE was still found to be a significant predictor of pT3 disease at RP (p=0.030). However, in patients without mECE, PNI was not significant (p=0.062).

Conclusions: While mECE and biopsy PNI were both associated with worse pathological stage on RP, mECE had significantly higher cumulative odds compared to PNI. The significant predictive ability of mECE adds further clinical value to the use of mpMRI in PCa management. While validation in a larger cohort is required, these factors have important clinical implications with regards to early diagnosis of advanced disease and surgical planning.
Innate immune memory is associated with increased disease-free survival in bladder cancer patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Authors: Graham Charles H. , Paré Jean-François , Cotechini Tiziana , Hopman Wilma , Hindmarch Charles C.T. , Ghaffari Abdi , Marginean Diana , Chenard Stephen , Koti Madhuri , Siemens D. Robert
Published: January 2021

Introduction: While studies suggest that innate immune memory acquired by circulating monocytes may mediate the benefit of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), prospective studies are lacking. Innate immune memory is defined by enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells following a secondary challenge with pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands.

Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from 33 patients with intermediate- or high-risk NMIBC before and after two or five induction BCG instillations were stimulated with the PRR ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory cytokine levels in the culture medium were measured. Extent of innate immune memory acquisition was determined by dividing the levels of cytokines released after BCG instillation by the levels released prior to BCG therapy.

Results: Monocytes secreted variable levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-12, and IL-10. Compared with patients with recurrences, the post-BCG:pre-BCG ratio of IL-12 in monocyte cultures from patients without recurrences after five BCG instillations was significantly increased. Patients with no innate immune memory (based on IL-12 ratios) had significantly shorter times-to-recurrence than patients with innate immune memory (p<0.001). Eighty-four percent (16/19) of patients with innate immune memory vs. only 22% (2/9) of patients without memory had disease-free survival of over 500 days.

Conclusion: Results demonstrate a potential link between BCG-induced innate immune memory peripherally and local anti-tumor responses. Further validation will increase our understanding of the mode of action of BCG and, therefore, will be used to enhance its effectiveness.
Overcoming Barriers of Study Delay by Implementing A Warm Bounded Learning Community
Authors: Brauer Hester , de Hei Miranda
Published: January 2021

We hypothesise that warm bounded learning communities (WBLC) contribute to social and academic integration of students. Eleven students facing study delay participating in a WBLC to write their bachelor thesis were interviewed. They described important episodes in their graduation process, prior to and during their participation. Results indicate that a WBLC that supports interaction, stimulates the development of a community identity, focuses on student collaboration, and mutual appropriation, guides students believing in student agency and supporting a positive self-belief system, can break down barriers students experience. Characteristics of the implemented WBLC and appropriate teacher roles can enlarge motivation, sense of belonging, academic knowledge and self-efficacy. Social interdependence is an important engine to increase social connections and academic self-efficacy, enhancing the growth of academic skills. Our research indicates that well implemented WBLCs can contribute to social and academic integration of students with a study delay.
Hekimlerin Aşı ve Aşı Karşıtlığı Hakkında Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Akar Seçil , Zeren Öztürk Güzin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Anti-vaccination movement is an increasing public health problem at present. Healthcare providers play an important role to solve this movement. The knowledge level of healthcare providers about vaccines has an effect on vaccine recommendations, and this affects not only individuals but also public health. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge level and attitudes and behaviors of medical practitioners about vaccines and anti-vaccination. Materials and Methods: This study is single-centered, prospective and cross-sectional. The sample size was calculated with sample size estimation method in simple random sampling from medical practitioners working at University of Health Sciences Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital as of October 2018. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results: Two hundred and eighty-four medical doctors participated in this study. Sixty-two of the 284 (21.8%) physicians were family practitioners, 51 of 284 (18%) were pediatricians, 51 of 284 (18%) were surgery practitioners and 120 of 284 (42.3%) were from other clinical departments. Thirty-two of the participants (11.3%) were under the assumption that vaccines could cause autism. Five of the participants (1.8%) were under the assumption that the ratio of severe complications after vaccination is 5-10%, and 36 of them (12.7%) were under assumption that this ratio is 1-5%. There were various concerns about the vaccines including the ingredients of the vaccines (77 participants 27.1%), proper storage of the vaccines (35 of participants 12.3%) and production of vthe accines in other countries (90 of participants 31.7%).Two hundered and sixty-one of participants (91.9%) thought that vaccination of children should be legally mandatory. Conclusion: There is a need for regular educational programs on vaccines before and after graduation in order to eliminate the lack of knowledge and concerns of physicians about vaccination.
Acinetobacter baumannii Infections and Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in an Education and Research Hospital: A Six-Year Analysis
Authors: Arslan Gülen Tuğba , İmre Ayfer , Ödemiş İlker , Kayabaş Üner
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumanii causes difficulties in the treatment of nosocomial infections due to increasing resistance worldwide. With an increase in resistant infections, the use of colistin has come to the fore. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of A. baumanii strains isolated from clinical specimens as hospital-acquired colonizations and infection agents and to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic responses and adverse effects of antibiotic regimens used in patients who were isolated because of having infectious agents. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of 326 adult patients with nosocomial A. baumannii colonizations and infections was conducted between January 2012 and December 2017 in Niğde Education and Research Hospital. In addition, a total of 212 adult patients who received at least 72 hours of antimicrobial therapy were evaluated. Standard and automated methods were used to identify isolated strains and antibiotic susceptibility. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile change over the 6-year period was evaluated. Adverse effects, and clinical and microbiologic response were evaluated in patients receiving antimicrobial therapy. Analysis of the variables was performed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States). Results: When antimicrobial resistance rates were examined, it was seen that imipenem (99.7%), ampicillin sulbactam (81.6%), cefoperazone sulbactam (60.3%), netilmicin (89.4%), tobramycin (88.4%), gentamicin (83.1%), amikacin (91.6%) and tigecycline (33.7%) had resistance rates; colistin resistance was not detected in the isolates. Resistance rate to other antibiotic groups was 100%. The resistance rates of ampicillin sulbactam, cefoperazone sulbactam, gentamicin, amikacin, and tigecycline were found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of nephrotoxicity, and clinical and microbiologic response among patients in whom colistin was used in combination with carbapenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and tigecycline (p> 0.05). Conclusion: In accordance with the global data, antimicrobial resistance rate in A. baumanii isolates was found to be high in our study. Treatment regimens in which colistin is used with other antimicrobial agents have no superiority in terms of efficacy and adverse effects. There is a clear need for new and effective antimicrobial agents in the treatment of resistant A. baumanii infections.
COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesinde Coronaviridae Ailesi Pozitifliğinin ve Mevsimsel Dağılımının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi (2016-2020)
Authors: Çolak Meryem , Aktaş Tapısız Anıl , Güzel Tunçcan Özlem , Bozdayı Gülendam
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Coronaviruses are the agents of viral respiratory infections and cause severe respiratory infections, especially in the elderly, those with chronic disease and immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to determine the positive and common types of Coronaviridae family in patients admitted to our hospital in the four-year period before the COVID 19 pandemic (2016-2020) and to investigate the distribution of coronavirus positivity by age groups, months, seasons and years. Materials and Methods: Between February 2016 and January 2020, clinical samples of 1164 female (45%) and 1428 (55%) male patients were sent to the molecular virology laboratory from the various clinics of Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine Hospital due to symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. Coronaviridae family positivity was investigated retrospectively in clinical samples of 2592 patients aged 0-101 years. Nucleic acid extraction from the clinical samples was performed with the ‘EZ1 Virus Mini Kit’. For viral DNA amplification, it was performed by multiplex Real-Time PCR method using ‘FTD Respiratory Pathogen 21’ test. Statistical analysis of the distribution of coronavirus positivity by age groups, months, seasons and years was done by SPSS 20.0 computer program. Results: Two hundred and twenty-nine (8.8%) of the clinical samples were found to be positive for any Coronavirus type. The most common type of Coronavirus was found to be CoV-229E with 52% (119/229). The distribution of other coronavirus types including CoV-HKU1, CoV-OC43 and CoV-NL63 was determined as 19.2% (44/229), 17.4% (40/229) and 14% (32/229) respectively, and the most common type of Coronavirus changed from year to year. Single Coronavirus positivity was found to be 48.1%, its association with other viruses was 51.9%. The highest coinfection of Coronavirus was found in Rhinovirus (35.3%) and influenza A virus (19.3%). Patients over 60 years of age were found to have a higher rate (30.6%) positivity compared to other age groups (p< 0.05). The highest rate of Coronavirus positivity was observed in January (17.4%) and the lowest rate in June (1.7%). It was observed that the highest rate of positivity (44.2%) was in winter and the lowest rate (8.2%) was in summer (p< 0.05). Coronaviruses were found to be detected at higher rates in winter with seasonal variation (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Since it is not possible to diagnose viral respiratory tract infections based on clinical findings, viral respiratory panel and Multiplex real time PCR test is a fast and useful method in routine diagnosis for early diagnosis and treatment and to prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics. Coronaviridae family positivity is seen in patients over 60 years of age and in seasonal variation, with higher rates in winter.
Analysis of Articles on COVID-19: Is Scientific Productivity Parallel to Case Rates Across Countries?
Authors: Yılmaz Ferhatoğlu Sibel , Yurtseven Nurgül
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Scientific studies related to COVID-19 are pivotal for uncovering infection characteristics and exploring therapeutic procedures. Scientific data sharing is at the center of these efforts. The aim of this study is to investigate the activity and trends concerning COVID-19 since the beginning of 2020. We also investigated if there is a relationship between the number of cases-deaths and publication productivity of the countries. Materials and Methods: The word “COVID-19” was searched in the Claritive Analytics®, Web of Science (WOS) searching engine. All the articles indexed in Scientific Citation Index indexed journals were subjected to analysis. Results: 16.618 articles were published in nine months. Authors from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and institutions in the United States of America (USA) had the highest publication rates. According to WOS categories, journals about “Medicine-General-Internal” were the most preferred journal category about COVID-19. There was no statistically significant correlation between publication metrics and pandemic statistics. The USA and PRC were the most productive two countries. Conclusion: Publication productivity on COVID-19 may be the highest for any disease faced so far. Scientific productivity is higher in developed countries with fewer cases. We think scientists who have more comfortable working conditions and governmental support are scientifically more productive.
Resilence a poczucie stresu i samoskuteczności u małżonków/partnerów osób z nabytą niepełnosprawnością ruchową
Authors: Boczkowska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Przedmiotem opracowania jest analiza relacji między resilience ujmowanym w kategorii względnie stałej cechy osobowościowej a samoskutecznością i stresem u małżonków i partnerów osób z nabytą niepełnosprawnością ruchową. W badaniach wzięły udział 93 osoby. Materiał zebrano za pomocą następujących narzędzi badawczych: Kwestionariusz Poczucia Stresu (KPS) (Plopa, Makarowski), Skala Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności (GSES) (Schwarzer, Jerusalem, adaptacja – Juczyński) oraz Skala Pomiaru Prężności SPP-25 (Ogińska-Bulik, Juczyński). Ustalono statystycznie istotne związki między resilience postrzeganym jako prężność psychiczna a ogólnym poczuciem stresu i jego dwoma wymiarami – napięciem emocjonalnym i stresem intrapsychicznym. Potwierdzono również związek między resilience a samoskutecznością, przy czym największy wkład w wyjaśnienie zmiennej zależnej, jaką jest poczucie własnej skuteczności, zanotowano w przypadku wymiaru prężności Kompetencje osobiste do radzenia sobie i tolerancja negatywnych emocji. Przeprowadzone analizy prowadzą do wniosku, że resilience pełni funkcję predykcyjną w stosunku do zmiennych objaśnianych przyjętych w modelu teoretycznym: poczucia stresu i własnej skuteczności w radzeniu sobie w sytuacjach trudnych.
Alternatywy dla dziedziczenia: umowy darowizny i dożywocia
Authors: Szeroczyńska Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

W tekście omówiono umowy darowizny i dożywocia, wskazując na możliwości ich alternatywnego wykorzystania dla zabezpieczenia po śmierci swojej najbliższej osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Celem prezentacji tych umów jest wskazanie możliwości zapobieżenia, by osoba z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną jako spadkobierca, często dużego majątku, nie musiała przechodzić przez trudy postępowania spadkowego, a tym samym by nie została narażona na ubezwłasnowolnienie. W artykule opisana została treść obu umów, formy ich zawarcia, kwestie podatkowe, a także możliwości ich rozwiązania, jak również wszelkiego rodzaju niebezpieczeństwa, które się z nimi wiążą.
Representações sociais e narrativas publicitárias: orgulho de ser LGBT pela Skol
Authors: Santos Gustavo Souza , Ribeiro Amora
Published: January 2021

A produção de narrativas sobre a realidade, os sujeitos, os objetos e a realidade dos sujeitos e objetos é substrato para discurso publicitário. Este se apropria de imagens populares para estabelecer ligações representativas enraizadas na sociedade, o que pode alimentá-la ou retroalimentá-la com suas próprias cosmovisões. A representação e a narrativa sobre o sujeito LGBT têm sido foco de estudos e exames, especialmente considerando o discurso publicitário. O objetivo do estudo foi analisara campanha #RespeitoIsOn da marca Skol, considerando as dinâmicas de narrativa e representação LGBT. Para tanto, metodologicamente, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso com aporte documental, tendo por corpus as peças da campanha questão por meio técnica de análise de conteúdo. O arcabouço teórico do estudo considerou Barthes (1977) , Foucault (1988), Jodelet (2001), Moscovici (2007), Simões e Facchini (2009) e Seffner (2011) na associação entre narrativa publicitária, identidade de gênero e representações sociais.
Processos midiáticos, mediações e as ressignificações da técnica
Authors: Sousa Leila
Published: January 2021

Nesse texto, que se trata de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizamos articulações teóricas, que não se propõem conclusivas, para discutir sobre a constituição dos processos midiáticos através das relações e atravessamentos entre a comunicação, a técnica e as mediações. O primeiro ponto destina-se a reflexões introdutórias sobre os processos midiáticos e interpenetrações entre a técnica a cultura e o social. O segundo ponto discute relações entre a comunicação e a técnica acionando efeitos das mediações e da reconfiguração de narrativas e de processos pelos atores sociais. O terceiro ponto problematiza como os processos de leitura, interpretação e apropriações diversas e diferenciadas que os atores sociais fazem dos mecanismos midiáticos, pode possibilitar ressignificações técnicas.
Blessing Oppression
Authors: Pettit Joe ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

This paper argues that white Christian churches participated in, benefited from, and promoted housing apartheid in the United States for at least thirty years, and that these actions have been significant causes of racial inequality through to the present day. Housing apartheid is defined primarily as housing policies that promoted opportunities in whites only communities and which denied and extracted opportunities from nonwhite, predominantly black communities. Blessing oppression is defined as the means by which white churches sustained and entrenched housing apartheid through the basic practices of church life whereby the minds and hearts of white Christians were put at ease as they participated in massive oppression. The paper closes with a consideration of reparations for the role white churches played in housing apartheid as a precondition for racial reconciliation within Christian churches.
Does the Study of Mathematics Train the Mind Specifically or Universally?
Authors: Moore Ernest C.
Published: January 2021

Education is or at least aims to be a conscious process and a purposive undertaking. To teach anything we must first know what purpose is to be served by it and how it must be taught so that that purpose will be served. As there are many subjects which might be studied and many ways in which each one of them might be presented our first and continuing duty is to select from the whole number of possible subjects those few which are indispensable for the purposes of life and when we have done that we must next select from the many possible ways of studying these subjects those few ways of approaching them which are likely to lead to valuable results.
A Geometric Illustration of Limits
Authors: Stromquist Carl Eben
Published: January 2021

Teachers of freshman mathematics, the calculus, or review courses for high school teachers often experience some difficulty when the topic of limits comes up for discussion. The difficulty arises from the fact that the teacher must first “unteach” an erroneous definition of limits which is still to be found in many of our high school texts. The following definition, taken from a rather widely used plane geometry text, is typical of the error. “The limit of a variable is a constant from which the variable can be made to differ by less than any assigned quantity, but to which it can never be made equal.” In a random selection of ten texts five gave essentially this definition. One of these was published as recently as 1915. The mischief is caused by the last part of the statement, viz., “but to which it can never be made equal.”
Introductory Course in Mathematics
Authors: Smith David Eugene
Published: January 2021

In spite of all that has been said in this country in opposition to mathematics in the past few years, the feeling of certainty still exists in the intellectual world that the science is not dead, is not dying, and is not stagnant; that it touches more lines of human interest to-day than ever before; and that its values have only been accentuated by the efforts made to relegate it to the position of formal grammar, formal rhetoric, and formal logic. Indeed, it may safely be said that mathematics stands more firmly to-day than ever before, not only in the minds of what is commonly called the intellectual class but in the opinions of the man in the shop and of the man who has so recently been in the trenches on the battlefields of France.
A Junior High School Course in Mathematics
Authors: Renshaw Emily
Published: January 2021

In attempting to formulate any course, or program of study, two dominant thoughts must guide, direct and mould its formation. First the definite aims, the definite object of the proposed course; and second, the selection and arrangement of such subject matter as will, at least, approximately realize those aims and ideals.
Religio Mathematici
Authors: Smith David Eugene
Published: January 2021

Well aware that I, to-day, break all precedents in the nature of a presidential address, it is proper that I offer due apology and confess my unconventionality. It is proper, too, that I should frankly say that I am aware that my message is wanting in the rigor of demonstration to which our science accustoms us; that it involves no mathematics beyond the merest elements; that it will be listened to with regret by some and with disapproval by others; and that it is likely to carry conviction to only a limited number.
Mathematics as Found in Society: with Curriculum Proposals
Authors: Symonds Percival M. , _ _
Published: January 2021

The curriculum of the future must find its justification in the needs existing in society. Those who will determine the curriculum will be men of extensive vision who can feel the pulse of social needs. The so-called subject-matter specialist, by the very nature of his specialization, is not in a position to settle the place of his subject in the curriculum — but once the sociologist determines that any subject should be found in the curriculum and specifies the objectives that should govern it, then it is the place of the subject-matter specialist to arrange the subject matter and the methods of teaching.
The Next Step for The Administrator in Junior High School Mathematics
Authors: Denbuhg Joseph K. van
Published: January 2021

From the administrators’ point of view the next step in administration of high school mathematics is that of clearing the minds of many old and experienced teachers of the idea that there can be no improvement in secondary school courses in mathematics. As I see it this is the one great barrier to the advancement of the new work.
The Place of Elementary Calculus in Senior High School Mathematics
Authors: Rosenberger Noah Bryan
Published: January 2021

Various articles which have appeared in The Mathematics Teacher during the past year relative to the present-day status of mathematics in our secondary schools and in the first part of college work show that the mathematics curriculum is in a state of transition. These articles point out that in secondary mathematics the aim is to make the subject contribute as much as possible “to a better appreciation of civilization and a better understanding of life about us.” Another and more striking modification is the new principle stated in the Report on College Entrance. It says that the preparation in mathematics should be the kind that will be the best basis for work in all the main departments in college rather than that the preparation should show merely the mastery of certain standard parts of abstract mathematics. The Report of the National Committee on Mathematical Requirements is especially interesting in that it recommends as electives in senior high school mathematics simple courses in elementary calculus and in the history of mathematics. This is in harmony with the trend in the status of mathematics as I found it apparently to be from a year's graduate study which involved an investigation also along this line. I shall put some of the results of my investigation in the form of conclusions in the hope that they may be of interest to the reader and may aid those in doubt to decide in favor of these new departures in the mathematics curriculum.
The Extension of Concepts in Mathematics
Authors: Kempner Aubrey J.
Published: January 2021

The subject which I wish to outline in the briefest manner is the old problem of introducing into Algebra and Geometry such concepts as, for example, irrational numbers, imaginary numbers, the infinite, non-Euclidean geometry, four-dimensional geometry. This is a matter which must have been, at one time or another, of interest to each of you, and I owe you an apology, or at least an explanation, for talking to you about something with which you are presumably familiar. My reason for choosing this topic is to show how the introduction of all of these concepts is guided, in a general sense, by a few simple and plausible principles. It seemed to me that it might be of some interest to compress into the frame of one short talk the consideration of questions which have presented themselves to you at various times and divers occasions.
The Place of the History and Recreations of Mathematics in Teaching Algebra and Geometry
Authors: Simons Lao G.
Published: January 2021

Longfellow1, in the story of the schoolmaster, says, “There is something divine in the science of numbers. Like God, it holds the sea in the hollow of its hand. It measures the earth; it weighs the stars; it illumines the universe; it is law, it is order, it is beauty,” and the master goes on to say, “and yet we imagine—that is, most of us—that its highest end and culminating point is bookkeeping by double entry. It is our way of teaching it that makes it so prosaic.”
The Cultural Value of Mathematics
Authors: Howarth Helen E.
Published: January 2021

When one receives good news or feels the pleasant thrill after having accomplished a difficult task, his first impulse is to rush to some one and tell him of his new found pleasure. And so it is with me. I have had many happy hours and have experienced a peculiar pleasure which I know I could not have experienced had I not applied myself in the study of mathematics. And because I want my young friends to see the opportunity of experiencing this rare and peculiar and yet wholesome and justifiable pleasure, I am going to try and give some of my impressions as to why a young woman who enters college should pursue the study of mathematics.
Reformed Mathematical Teaching
Authors: Fawdry R. C.
Published: January 2021

The agitation for a reform in the teaching of mathematics began as a revolt against the authority of Euclid whose dead hand fifty years ago still held a close grip upon the teaching of geometry in this country. England was his last stronghold. He had been supplanted in France during the latter half of the eighteenth century by Lacroix, Legendre, and d’Alembert, who introduced practical work into their geometry, accepted proofs which ignored the ease of irrationals, and did not despise intuition as a means of acquiring geometrical knowledge. America followed the lead of France, and England at that time was the only country where Euclid was the only text-book.
The Notion of Limit
Authors: Jackson Dunham
Published: January 2021

Among all the topics contained in a school course in geometry, those from which the average pupil derives the least satisfaction are probably the ones involving the notion of limit. Nowhere else do familiar words range themselves in sentences in which it is so difficult to grasp any definite meaning. The mention of the word “limit” calls forth in his consciousness little more than a vague feeling of bewilderment. When the pupil finds that the theory of infinite series is based directly on the notion of limit, he concludes at once that infinite series are beyond his comprehension. And if he is told later that the calculus deals with limits first, last, and all the time, he is likely to doubt in his heart whether the calculus is really understood by anybody at all.
Should We Teach Statistics in the Senior High School?
Authors: Thomson Godfrey H.
Published: January 2021

Strictly one ought to ask, should we teach more statistics in the senior high school; for already we teach some. All pupils know what an average is, are accustomed to drawing graphs in lessons on rainfall, on imports and exports, on social conditions, and the like. The chief reason why I shall urge that the teaching of statistics should be more conscious and should be more complete is, that an understanding of their interpretation is more and more needed in everyday life, in newspaper reading, in comprehending the appeals of this or that political party. And as a subsidiary reason I might add that statistical ideas form links binding together many other subjects as far apart as biology and physics, insurance, and engineering; and I attach great importance to anything which helps to integrate into one unity the intellectual life of the high school, and to prevent it from becoming so many water-tight compartments.
Making Mathematics Interesting
Authors: Barnes Augusta
Published: January 2021

The question of interest is the foundation of all true methods of teaching. If the subject of mathematics could be made more interesting to the pupil, many of our most perplexing problems would be solved. How to secure a high mastery in the subject, how to influence pupils to continue the study, how to reduce failures, how to make mathematics learning permanent, how to develop skill in manipulation—these and many more problems would be easy of solution, if, indeed, they appeared as problems at all.
The General Trend of Mathematics Education in Secondary Schools
Authors: Reeve W. D.
Published: January 2021

The most significant thing in education today is the wide recognition of individual differences in ability among pupils. This is particularly true in regard to the high school and is due partly to a, realization that our secondary school population is very different from that of thirty years ago “not only in their experiences and interests, but also in their inborn abilities.” According to a recent report of the division of research of the National Educational Association,1 the number of pupils enrolled in high schools in this country has increased from 202,963 in 1890 to 2,229,407 in 1922. In this report we read that “If the population of the United States had increased as rapidly as its high school enrollment since 1890, its general population would now be 687,861,591.”
Some True-False Examinations for Use in General Mathematics
Authors: Wright Horace C.
Published: January 2021

Many influences have led in recent years to an intensive study of the content and of the administration of secondary school mathematics.1 One administrative phase studied in particular has been the testing and examination of pupils. Tests and examinations have been used first, for ability, second, for the purpose of securing marks to send to parents or educational institutions, and third for purposes of diagnosis. That examinations are of wide interest and consequently have attained most serious attention in many quarters is evidenced by the fact that one examining board of national scope2 has an annual budget of $170,000. That any type of examination, then, should remain constant is hardly to be expected. Efforts to secure new forms are being made and the tests are referred to ordinarily as “New Type” examinations. The chief claims for these new type examinations are that they save time, have a wide scope, and stimulate better relations between the examined and the examiner. It is also hoped that such tests will have diagnostic properties of importance to the pupil and to the teacher.