bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Skin Dermatitis among Healthcare Workers Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Sawada Yu
Published: February 2023

The skin is the outermost layer of the human body and is continually exposed to numerous external stimuli, which can cause unwanted skin irritation. Occupational skin diseases are the most prevalent form of work-related illness and are found in a variety of sectors, particularly healthcare. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals experienced a variety of unexpected, unusual occupational skin diseases associated with COVID-19-engaged employment. Because the clinical characteristics of these types of skin inflammation are unique, this review focuses on the characteristics of a large category of occupational workers, namely COVID-19-engaged healthcare professionals. Furthermore, we examined the potential pathogeneses of occupational skin disorders associated with COVID-19-engaged labor, as well as different preventative methods.
Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and In Vitro Effect of Antibiotic Combinations of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus Species Recovered from the Aquatic Environment in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Adeniji Oluwaseun Ola , Nontongana Nolonwabo , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyin
Published: February 2023

Enterococci are regarded as a better indication of faecal pollution in freshwater and marine waters. Their levels in seawater are positively connected with swimming-related gastrointestinal disorders. This study used an Enterococcus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to characterize the isolates. Classes 1 and 2 integrons were examined for environmental Enterococcus isolates using a standard biological procedure. All strains were assessed against a panel of 12 antibiotics from various classes using disc diffusion methods. The microdilution method was used to work out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to the CLSI guiding principles. The combination therapy of the resistant drugs was evaluated using a checkerboard assay and a time-dependent test for assessing their bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. The gene diversity of the tested organisms was analyzed with the aid of Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. In total, 57 Enterococcus spp. environmental samples were recovered, in which Enterococcus faecalis (33.33%) and Enterococcus faecium (59.65%) were the dominant species. Resistance to linezolid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline was prevalent. Fifty (50) strains tested positive for class 1 integron, more frequent in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates, with no gene cassette array discovered. A combination of gentamicin (MIC 4 µg/mL) with vancomycin (MIC 256 µg/mL) antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis showed antibacterial activity. In contrast, the combination of ciprofloxacin (1 µg/mL) with Ampicillin (16 µg/mL) antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis showed a bacteriostatic effect. The ERIC-PCR analysis pointed out that most of the assessed isolates have close genetic similarities.
Structural and Biochemical Analyses of the Butanol Dehydrogenase from Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Bai Xue , Lan Jing , He Shanru , Bu Tingting , Zhang Jie , Wang Lulu , Jin Xiaoling , Mao Yuanchao , Guan Wanting , Zhang Liying , Lu Ming , Piao Hailong , Jo Inseong , Quan Chunshan , Nam Ki Hyun , Xu Yongbin
Published: February 2023

Butanol dehydrogenase (BDH) plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of butanol in bacteria by catalyzing butanal conversion to butanol at the expense of the NAD(P)H cofactor. BDH is an attractive enzyme for industrial application in butanol production; however, its molecular function remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we found that Fusobacterium nucleatum YqdH (FnYqdH) converts aldehyde into alcohol by utilizing NAD(P)H, with broad substrate specificity toward aldehydes but not alcohols. An in vitro metal ion substitution experiment showed that FnYqdH has higher enzyme activity in the presence of Co2+. Crystal structures of FnYqdH, in its apo and complexed forms (with NAD and Co2+), were determined at 1.98 and 2.72 Å resolution, respectively. The crystal structure of apo- and cofactor-binding states of FnYqdH showed an open conformation between the nucleotide binding and catalytic domain. Key residues involved in the catalytic and cofactor-binding sites of FnYqdH were identified by mutagenesis and microscale thermophoresis assays. The structural conformation and preferred optimal metal ion of FnYqdH differed from that of TmBDH (homolog protein of FnYqdH). Overall, we proposed an alternative model for putative proton relay in FnYqdH, thereby providing better insight into the molecular function of BDH.
The In Vitro Impact of Isoxazole Derivatives on Pathogenic Biofilm and Cytotoxicity of Fibroblast Cell Line
Authors: Bąchor Urszula , Junka Adam , Brożyna Malwina , Mączyński Marcin
Published: February 2023

The microbial, biofilm-based infections of chronic wounds are one of the major challenges of contemporary medicine. The use of topically administered antiseptic agents is essential to treat wound-infecting microorganisms. Due to observed microbial tolerance/resistance against specific clinically-used antiseptics, the search for new, efficient agents is of pivotal meaning. Therefore, in this work, 15 isoxazole derivatives were scrutinized against leading biofilm wound pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and against Candida albicans fungus. For this purpose, the minimal inhibitory concentration, biofilm reduction in microtitrate plates, modified disk diffusion methods and antibiofilm dressing activity measurement methods were applied. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of derivatives was tested toward wound bed-forming cells, referred to as fibroblasts, using normative methods. Obtained results revealed that all isoxazole derivatives displayed antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxic effect, but antimicrobial activity of two derivatives, 2-(cyclohexylamino)-1-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl 5-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate (PUB9) and 2-(benzylamino)-1-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl 5-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate (PUB10), was noticeably higher compared to the other compounds analyzed, especially PUB9 with regard to Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimal inhibitory concentration more than x1000 lower compared to the remaining derivatives. The PUB9 and PUB10 derivatives were able to reduce more than 90% of biofilm-forming cells, regardless of the species, displaying at the same time none (PUB9) or moderate (PUB10) cytotoxicity against fibroblasts and high (PUB9) or moderate (PUB10) cytocompatibility against these wound cells. Therefore, taking into consideration the clinical demand for new antiseptic agents for non-healing wound treatment, PUB9 seems to be a promising candidate to be further tested in advanced animal models and later, if satisfactory results are obtained, in the clinical setting.
Protocol for Cell Colonization and Comprehensive Monitoring of Osteogenic Differentiation in 3D Scaffolds Using Biochemical Assays and Multiphoton Imaging
Authors: Sommer Kai Peter , Krolinski Adrian , Mirkhalaf Mohammad , Zreiqat Hala , Friedrich Oliver , Vielreicher Martin
Published: February 2023

The goal of bone tissue engineering is to build artificial bone tissue with properties that closely resemble human bone and thereby support the optimal integration of the constructs (biografts) into the body. The development of tissues in 3D scaffolds includes several complex steps that need to be optimized and monitored. In particular, cell–material interaction during seeding, cell proliferation and cell differentiation within the scaffold pores play a key role. In this work, we seeded two types of 3D-printed scaffolds with pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, proliferated and differentiated the cells, before testing and adapting different assays and imaging methods to monitor these processes. Alpha-TCP/HA (α-TCP with low calcium hydroxyapatite) and baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9) scaffolds were used, which had comparable porosity (~50%) and pore sizes (~300–400 µm). Cell adhesion to both scaffolds showed ~95% seeding efficiency. Cell proliferation tests provided characteristic progression curves over time and increased values for α-TCP/HA. Transmitted light imaging displayed a homogeneous population of scaffold pores and allowed us to track their opening state for the supply of the inner scaffold regions by diffusion. Fluorescence labeling enabled us to image the arrangement and morphology of the cells within the pores. During three weeks of osteogenesis, ALP activity increased sharply in both scaffolds, but was again markedly increased in α-TCP/HA scaffolds. Multiphoton SHG and autofluorescence imaging were used to investigate the distribution, morphology, and arrangement of cells; collagen-I fiber networks; and hydroxyapatite crystals. The collagen-I networks became denser and more structured during osteogenic differentiation and appeared comparable in both scaffolds. However, imaging of the HA crystals showed a different morphology between the two scaffolds and appeared to arrange in the α-TCP/HA scaffolds along collagen-I fibers. ALP activity and SHG imaging indicated a pronounced osteo-inductive effect of baghdadite. This study describes a series of methods, in particular multiphoton imaging and complementary biochemical assays, to validly measure and track the development of bone tissue in 3D scaffolds. The results contribute to the understanding of cell colonization, growth, and differentiation, emphasizing the importance of optimal media supply of the inner scaffold regions.
Suitability of R. pulmo Jellyfish-Collagen-Coated Well Plates for Cytocompatibility Analyses of Biomaterials
Authors: Ren Yanru , Liu Luo , Xiong Xin , Krastev Rumen , Smeets Ralf , Rimashevskiy Denis , Schnettler Reinhard , Alkildani Said , Emmert Steffen , Jung Ole , Barbeck Mike
Published: February 2023

Cytocompatibility analyses of new implant materials or biomaterials are not only prescribed by the Medical Device Regulation (MDR), as defined in the DIN ISO Norm 10993-5 and -12, but are also increasingly replacing animal testing. In this context, jellyfish collagen has already been established as an alternative to mammalian collagen in different cell culture conditions, but a lack of knowledge exists about its applicability for cytocompatibility analyses of biomaterials. Thus, the present study was conducted to compare well plates coated with collagen type 0 derived from Rhizostoma pulmo with plates coated with bovine and porcine collagen. The coated well plates were analysed in vitro for their cytocompatibility, according to EN ISO 10993-5/−12, using both L929 fibroblasts and MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts. Thereby, the coated well plates were compared, using established materials as positive controls and a cytotoxic material, RM-A, as a negative control. L929 cells exhibited a significantly higher viability (#### p < 0.0001), proliferation (## p < 0.01), and a lower cytotoxicity (## p < 0.01 and # p < 0.05)) in the Jellagen® group compared to the bovine and porcine collagen groups. MC3T3 cells showed similar viability and acceptable proliferation and cytotoxicity in all collagen groups. The results of the present study revealed that the coating of well plates with collagen Type 0 derived from R. pulmo leads to comparable results to the case of well plates coated with mammalian collagens. Therefore, it is fully suitable for the in vitro analyses of the cytocompatibility of biomaterials or medical devices.
Two Alimentary Canal Proteins, Fo-GN and Fo-Cyp1, Act in Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis TSWV Infection
Authors: Khan Falguni , Stanley David , Kim Yonggyun
Published: February 2023

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a plant virus that causes massive economic damage to high-valued crops. This virus is transmitted by specific thrips, including the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. TSWV is acquired by the young larvae during feeding on infected host plants. TSWV infects the gut epithelium through hypothetical receptor(s) and multiplies within the cells for subsequent horizontal transmission to other plant hosts via the salivary glands during feeding. Two alimentary canal proteins, glycoprotein (Fo-GN) and cyclophilin (Fo-Cyp1), are thought to be associated with the TSWV entry into the gut epithelium of F. occidentalis. Fo-GN possesses a chitin-binding domain, and its transcript was localized on the larval gut epithelium by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that F. occidentalis encodes six cyclophilins, in which Fo-Cyp1 is closely related to a human cyclophilin A, an immune modulator. The Fo-Cyp1 transcript was also detected in the larval gut epithelium. Expression of these two genes was suppressed by feeding their cognate RNA interference (RNAi) to young larvae. The RNAi efficiencies were confirmed by the disappearance of the target gene transcripts from the gut epithelium by FISH analyses. The RNAi treatments directed to Fo-GN or Fo-Cyp1 prevented the typical TSWV titer increase after the virus feeding, compared to control RNAi treatment. Our immunofluorescence assay using a specific antibody to TSWV documented the reduction of TSWV in the larval gut and adult salivary gland after the RNAi treatments. These results support our hypothesis that the candidate proteins Fo-GN and Fo-Cyp1 act in TSWV entry and multiplication in F. occidentalis.
Intelligent Design of ZVS Single-Ended DC/AC Converter Based on Neural Network
Authors: Hinov Nikolay , Gilev Bogdan
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a model-based and neural network-based innovative design of single-ended transistor resonant DC/AC converters with zero voltage switching (ZVS). A characteristic of the proposed design method is that the determination of the circuit elements of the converter is performed with an automated procedure, as their values are determined by the output of a previously trained neural network. The use of the proposed method is justified in cases where there is no methodology for the design of the specific power electronic device, or such a methodology exists, but it is either too complex or based on a large number of assumptions. This is usually due to the increasing complexity of power circuits, their possible modes of operation, and the inevitable assumptions and limitations in the analyses and methodologies based on them. In this way, a natural combination of classic design methods and innovative processes is developed based on applied techniques for artificial intelligence.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants as the First Choice of Anticoagulation for Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease to Prevent Adverse Vascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pomozi Enikő , Nagy Rita , Fehérvári Péter , Hegyi Péter , Kiss Boldizsár , Dembrovszky Fanni , Kosztin Annamária , Nardai Sándor , Zima Endre , Szeberin Zoltán
Published: February 2023

The best method of anticoagulation for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is still a topic of interest for physicians. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the effects of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with those of vitamin-K-antagonist (VKA) anticoagulants in patients with peripheral artery disease. Five databases (Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL) were searched systematically for studies comparing the effects of the two types of anticoagulants in patients with PAD, with an emphasis on lower-limb outcomes, cardiovascular events, and mortality. In PAD patients with concomitant non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), the use of DOACs significantly reduced the risk of major adverse limb events (HR = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.39–0.86, p < 0.01), stroke/systemic embolism (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.61–0.95; p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.66–0.92; p < 0.01) compared with warfarin, but showed similar risks of MI (HR = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.59–1.11, p = 0.2) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.58–1.02, p = 0.07). Rivaroxaban at higher doses significantly increased the risk of major bleeding (HR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07–1.25, p < 0.01). We found no significant difference in terms of revascularization (OR = 1.49, 95% CI, 0.79–2.79, p = 0.14) in PAD patients in whom a poor distal runoff was the reason for the anticoagulation. DOACs have lower rates of major limb events, stroke, and mortality than VKAs in PAD patients with atrial fibrillation. Rivaroxaban at higher doses increased the risk of major bleeding compared with other DOAC drugs. More high-quality studies are needed to determine the most appropriate anticoagulation regimen for patients with lower-limb atherosclerosis.
Latest Evidence on Post-Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Gacci Mauro , De Nunzio Cosimo , Sakalis Vasileios , Rieken Malte , Cornu Jean-Nicolas , Gravas Stavros
Published: February 2023

A radical prostatectomy is frequently used as the first-line treatment for men with prostate cancer. Persistent urinary incontinence after surgery is one of the most severe adverse events. We report the results of a comprehensive literature search focused on post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI), performed by a panel of experts on non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms. The data on the prevalence and timing of PPI are very heterogeneous. The etiology of PPI can be multifactorial and mainly dependent on patient characteristics, lower urinary tract function or surgical issues. The medical history with a physical examination, the use of validated questionnaires with a voiding diary and pad tests are determinants in identifying the contributing factors and choosing the right treatment. Lifestyle intervention and urinary containment are the most frequently used strategies for the conservative management of PPI, while antimuscarinics, beta-3 agonists and duloxetine (off-label) are drugs indicated to manage PPI with a concomitant overactive bladder. Surgical therapies for the management of post-prostatectomy SUI include non-adjustable trans-obturator slings in men with mild-to-moderate incontinence and an artificial urinary sphincter in men with moderate-to-severe incontinence.
Heart Rate Asymmetry in Healthy Children
Authors: Zalas Dominika , Bobkowski Waldemar , Piskorski Jarosław , Guzik Przemysław
Published: February 2023

Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) is a physiological phenomenon characterized by an unequal contribution of heart rate decelerations and accelerations to different heart rate variability (HRV) features. While HRA has been demonstrated in adults’ ECGs of different duration, a similar investigation in healthy children has not been conducted. This study investigated the variance- and number-based HRA features in 96 healthy children (50 girls and 46 boys, aged 3–18 years) using 24-h ECGs. Additionally, we studied sex differences in HRA. To quantify HRA, variance-based and relative contributions of heart rate decelerations to short-term (C1d), long-term (C2d), and total (CTd) HRV, and the number of all heartbeats (Nd) were computed. Heart rate decelerations contributed more to C1d, but less to C2d and CTd, and were less frequent than heart rate accelerations. Short-term HRA was better expressed in boys. The majority of children (93.7%) had short-term HRA, 88.5% had long-term HRA, 88.5% had total HRA, and 99.0% had more accelerations than decelerations. No sex differences were observed for the rate of various HRA features. Heart rate asymmetry is a common phenomenon in healthy children, as observed in 24-h ECGs. Our findings can be used as reference data for future clinical studies on HRA in children.
Clinical Outcomes with and without Adherence to Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines for Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Fusion Patients
Authors: Gonzalez Glenn , Porto Guilherme , Hines Kevin , Franco Daniel , Montenegro Thiago , Mahtabfar Aria , O’Leary Matthew , Miao Jingya , Thalheimer Sara , Heller Joshua , Sharan Ashwini , Harrop James
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DS) patients are treated with instrumented fusion, following EBM guidelines, and typically have excellent clinical outcomes. However, not all lumbar fusion procedures adhere to EBM guidelines, typically due to a lack of prospective data. Objective: This retrospective study compared outcomes of DS lumbar fusion patients treated according to EBM guidelines (EBM concordant) to lumbar fused patients with procedures that did not have clear EBM literature that supported this treatment, the goal being to examine the value of present EBM to guide clinical care. Methods: A total of 125 DS patients were considered EBM concordant, while 21 patients were EBM discordant. Pre- and postsurgical ODI scores were collected. Clinical outcomes were stratified into substantial clinical benefit (SCB ΔODI >10 points), minimal clinical importance benefit (MCID ΔODI ≥ 5 points), no MCID (ΔODI < 5 points), and a group that showed no change or worsening ODI. Fisher’s exact and χ2 tests for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for continuous variables, and descriptive statistics were used. Statistical tests were computed at the 95% level of confidence. Results: Analysis of 125 degenerative spondylolisthesis patients was performed comparing preoperative and postoperative (6 months) ODI scores. ODI improved by 8 points in the EBM concordant group vs. 2.1 points in the EBM discordant group (p = 0.002). Compliance with EBM guidelines was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.93 for achieving MCID ([CI]: 1.12–7.58, p = 0.027). Conclusions: Patients whose lumbar fusions met EBM criteria had better self-reported outcomes at six months than those who did not meet the requirements. A greater knowledge set is needed to help further support EBM-guided patient care.
The Impact of Prematurity at Birth on Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes Following Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Shah Neil V. , Coste Marine , Wolfert Adam J. , Gedailovich Samuel , Ford Brian , Kim David J. , Kim Nathan S. , Ikwuazom Chibuokem P. , Patel Neil , Dave Amanda M. , Passias Peter G. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie , Paulino Carl B. , Diebo Bassel G.
Published: February 2023

Prematurity is associated with surgical complications. This study sought to determine the risk of prematurity on 30-day complications, reoperations, and readmissions following ≥7-level PSF for AIS which has not been established. Utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP)-Pediatric dataset, all AIS patients undergoing ≥7-level PSF from 2012–2016 were identified. Cases were 1:1 propensity score-matched to controls by age, sex, and number of spinal levels fused. Prematurity sub-classifications were also evaluated: extremely (<28 weeks), very (28–31 weeks), and moderate-to-late (32–36 weeks) premature. Univariate analysis with post hoc Bonferroni compared demographics, hospital parameters, and 30-day outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of adverse 30-day outcomes. 5531 patients (term = 5099; moderate-to-late premature = 250; very premature = 101; extremely premature = 81) were included. Premature patients had higher baseline rates of multiple individual comorbidities, longer mean length of stay, and higher 30-day readmissions and infections than the term cohort. Thirty-day readmissions increased with increasing prematurity. Very premature birth predicted UTIs, superficial SSI/wound dehiscence, and any infection, and moderate-to-late premature birth predicted renal insufficiency, deep space infections, and any infection. Prematurity of AIS patients differentially impacted rates of 30-day adverse outcomes following ≥7-level PSF. These results can guide preoperative optimization and postoperative expectations.
Assessment of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Alterations and Chorioretinal Vascular Network Analyses in Patients under Treatment with BRAF/MEK Inhibitor for Different Malignancies: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fasolino Giuseppe , Awada Gil , Moschetta Laura , Koulalis Jorgos Socrates , Neyns Bart , Verhelst Bert , Van Elderen Peter , Nelis Pieter , de Lichtbuer Paul Cardon , Cools Wilfried , Ten Tusscher Marcellinus
Published: February 2023

In the last two decades, an increasing number of so-called molecular-targeted therapies have become available for the treatment of patients with advanced malignancies. These drugs have included inhibitors of proteins in the MAPK pathway, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, which are characterized by a distinct toxicity profile. The eye is particularly susceptible to adverse effects due to MEK inhibitors, and the term MEKAR (MEK-inhibitor-associated retinopathy) indicates the presence of subretinal fluid, mimicking central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The pathogenesis of the retinal alterations related to MAPK pathway inhibitors is still unclear, and questions are still open. The present study aims to assess the presence of retinal pigment epithelium alterations as predictive parameters for retinal toxicity, analyzing, at the same time, the chorioretinal vascular network in patients undergoing BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment for different malignancies.
Acute Modification of Hemodynamic Forces in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Vairo Alessandro , Zaccaro Lorenzo , Ballatore Andrea , Airale Lorenzo , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Alunni Gianluca , Conrotto Federico , Scudeler Luca , Mascaretti Daniela , Miccoli Davide , Torre Michele La , Rinaldi Mauro , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Salizzoni Stefano , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria
Published: February 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the established first-line treatment for patient with severe aortic stenosis not suitable for surgery. Echocardiographic evaluation of hemodynamic forces (HDFs) is a growing field, holding the potential to early predict improvement in LV function. A prospective observational study was conducted. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and after TAVI. HDFs were analyzed along with traditional left ventricular (LV) function parameters. Twenty-five consecutive patients undergoing TAVI were enrolled: mean age 83 ± 5 years, 74.5% male, mean LV Ejection Fraction (LVEF) at baseline 57 ± 8%. Post-TAVI echocardiographic evaluation was performed 2.4 ± 1.06 days after the procedure. HDF amplitude parameters improved significantly after the procedure: LV Longitudinal Forces (LF) apex-base [mean difference (MD) 1.79%; 95% CI 1.07–2.5; p-value < 0.001]; LV systolic LF apex-base (MD 2.6%; 95% CI 1.57–3.7; p-value < 0.001); LV impulse (LVim) apex-base (MD 2.9%; 95% CI 1.48–4.3; p-value < 0.001). Similarly, HDFs orientation parameters improved: LVLF angle (MD 1.5°; 95% CI 0.07–2.9; p-value = 0.041); LVim angle (MD 2.16°; 95% CI 0.76–3.56; p-value = 0.004). Conversely, global longitudinal strain and LVEF did not show any significant difference before and after the procedure. Echocardiographic analysis of HDFs could help differentiate patients with LV function recovery after TAVI from patients with persistent hemodynamic dysfunction.
Heart Rate Asymmetry, Its Compensation, and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults during 48-h Holter ECG Recordings
Authors: Sibrecht Greta , Piskorski Jarosław , Krauze Tomasz , Guzik Przemysław
Published: February 2023

Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) reflects different contributions of heart rate (HR) decelerations and accelerations to heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, we examined various properties of HRA, including its compensation and HRV, in 48-h electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in healthy adults. Furthermore, we compared sex differences in parameters used to quantify HRA and HRV. Variance-based and relative HRA and HRV parameters were computed for Holter ECG recordings lasting up to 48 h in 101 healthy volunteers. The median age of the subjects was 39 years, with 47 of them being men. The prevalence of all forms of HRA was statistically different from randomness (p < 0.0001). Specifically, HR decelerations contributed >50% (C1d) to short-term HRA in 98.02% of subjects, while HR decelerations contributed <50% to long-term HRA in 89.11% of recordings and to total HRA in 88.12% of recordings. Additionally, decelerations accounted for <50% of all changing heartbeats (Porta’s index) in 74.26% of subjects, and HRA compensation was present in 88.12% of volunteers. Our findings suggest that various HRA features are present in most healthy adults. While men had more pronounced HRA expression, the prevalence of short-, long-term, and total HRA and its compensation was similar in both sexes. For HRV, values of variance-based indices were higher in men than in women, but no differences were found for relative measures. In conclusion, our study references HRA and HRV for longer ECG recordings of up to 48 h, which have become increasingly important in clinical ECG monitoring. The findings can help understand and compare the characteristics of HRA and HRV in patients with different diseases.
Use of Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study in Spain
Authors: Díez-Villanueva Pablo , Cosín-Sales Juan , Roldán-Schilling Vanesa , Barrios Vivencio , Riba-Artés Diana , Gavín-Sebastián Olga
Published: February 2023

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have substantially improved anticoagulation. However, data on NOAC use among elderly patients are scarce. We sought to describe NOAC use among elderly AF patients in Spain. We performed a non-interventional, multicenter, multispecialty, cross-sectional study in elderly (≥75 years) AF patients treated with NOACs for stroke prevention. Patients’ characteristics by NOAC treatment were compared using standardized differences (SDD). NOAC dosing was classified according to the Spanish summary of products characteristics (SmPC) into appropriate (recommended dose) and inappropriate (under and overdosed). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with inappropriate dosing. 500 patients were included. Mean (SD) age was 81.5 (4.7) years, and 50% were women. Mean (SD) creatinine clearance was 57.4 mL/min (18.8), and 23.6% were frail. Dabigatran treatment totaled 38.4%, rivaroxaban 15.2%, apixaban 33.2%, and edoxaban 13.2%. Almost one-fourth of elderly patients treated with NOACs in Spain were inappropriately dosed (underdosing 14.4% and overdosing 9.6%). Underdosing was significantly associated with weight (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.0–1.1), while higher a EHRA score decreased the risk of underdosing (OR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.2–1.0). Overdosing was significantly associated with a history of ischemic stroke (OR = 2.95, 95%CI = 1.1–7.7). Addressing incorrect dosing among elderly AF patients is relevant to improve patient outcomes.
The Prevalence of Educational Neuromyths among Hungarian Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Vig Julianna , Révész László , Kaj Mónika , Kälbli Katalin , Svraka Bernadett , Révész-Kiszela Kinga , Csányi Tamás
Published: February 2023

Teachers with poor neuroliteracy fail to distinguish scientific evidence from neuromyths (NM), which might lead to the implementation of pseudoscientific educational methods. The prevalence of NM and general knowledge about the brain (GKAB) among in-service and pre-service teachers has been assessed in multiple countries, but no such study has been performed in Hungary. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the neuroliteracy of pre-service teachers, (2) compare the results with those of previous studies and (3) analyze the factors influencing neuroliteracy. Our sample included 822 pre-service teachers from 12 Hungarian universities. We developed a survey including 10 NM and 13 GKAB statements, adapted from a widely used questionnaire. The average rate of incorrect answers to NM was 56.9%, whereas the average rate of correct answers to GKAB was 70.9%. Male gender and frequency of using Facebook as the primary information source about neuroscience were the only predictors of NM acceptance. In comparison with other studies, the Hungarian pre-service teachers had the second highest endorsement of NM. The most prevalent NM were linked to motor functions, which might be related to the widespread use and promotion of motor therapies in Hungary.
Investigation of Pressure Fields Generated by Two Simultaneous Discharges in Liquid Initiated by Wires
Authors: Knyazyev Mykhaylo , Holzmüller Maik , Homberg Werner
Published: February 2023

The pressure fields generated by two simultaneous discharges have not been investigated on any notable scale for the electrohydraulic impulse forming method. In this study, the synchronicity of two discharges is ensured by the sequential connection of two wires mounted in two spark gaps in a common volume of liquid. The objective is to experimentally confirm the equilibrium of the energies evolved in two spark gaps by means of pressure measurements. In addition, multipoint membrane pressure gauges demonstrated the feasibility of easily recording detailed pressure maps. Based on the membrane deformation mechanism and material strengthening under static and impulse conditions, the processing procedure is further developed so as to achieve better accuracy in the determination of pressure field parameters. The practical equality of the pressure fields on the left and right halves of the flat-loaded area confirms the equality of energies evolved in the two spark gaps. The direct shock waves create zones with the most intensive loading. These results provide a basis for the development of new electrohydraulic technologies involving the application of two simultaneous discharges with equal energy and pressure parameters.
Socio-Economic Assessment of Ecosystem-Based and Other Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Areas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Riera-Spiegelhalder Mar , Campos-Rodrigues Luís , Enseñado Elena Marie , Dekker-Arlain Janneke den , Papadopoulou Olympia , Arampatzis Stratos , Vervoort Koen
Published: February 2023

Coastal areas are highly vulnerable to climate-change hazards (e.g., sea-level rise, flooding, coastal erosion), which can lead to significant impacts at the ecosystem and societal level. Interest in ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is gaining importance due to its potential multiple benefits, including social and environmental aspects, when compared to more traditional approaches such as hard engineering interventions. When assessing EbA strategies, further understanding of the nature–society functions, processes, values, and benefits is needed to increase its application. This study contributes to better knowledge of EbA and other adaptation strategies by developing a systematic literature review of studies performing socio-economic assessments of climate-change adaptation in coastal areas. The analysis of 54 publications revealed that cost–benefit analysis was applied in most studies, followed by multi-criteria analysis and other techniques. Hybrid adaptation strategies based on different combinations of hard, soft, and EbA interventions were considered as potential optimal solutions in a significant part of the assessments. This study shows some potential co-benefits of EbA, such as livelihood diversification or biodiversity conservation, but also stresses the need for further research on this topic, as well as on evaluating how EbA performs in the long term under changing climate-condition scenarios.
Long-Term Contamination of the Arabian Gulf as a Result of Hypothetical Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
Authors: Maderich Vladimir , Bezhenar Roman , Kovalets Ivan , Khalchenkov Oleksandr , Brovchenko Igor
Published: February 2023

Long-term consequences of radionuclide contamination of the Arabian Gulf as a result of hypothetical accidents at the Bushehr and Barakah nuclear power plants (NPPs) were studied using a chain of models including the atmospheric dispersion model RIMPUFF, the marine compartment model POSEIDON-R, and the dose model. The compartment model POSEIDON-R is complemented by a dynamic model of the biota food chain that includes both pelagic and benthic organisms. The source terms for the hypothetical releases of the selected radionuclides (134Cs, 137Cs, 106Ru, and 90Sr) in the atmosphere were defined as a fraction of respective reactor inventories available in the literature. Conservative meteorological scenarios for the calculation of the initial depositions of radionuclides were selected. Because the Gulf is shallow, a significant portion of the reactive radionuclides (134Cs, 137Cs, 106Ru) remain in the bottom sediments and continue to contaminate water and benthic organisms for a long period of time. The annual dose due to the consumption of marine products can exceed 1 mSv, whereas the annual dose due to drinking the water from desalination plants is expected to be an order less. The contribution of elements to the dose depends on the type of reactor. This is manifested in differences between the contributions of different marine organisms to the dose.
Processing and Properties of Sintered W/Steel Composites for the First Wall of Future Fusion Reactor
Authors: Ganesh Vishnu , Dorow-Gerspach Daniel , Bram Martin , Coenen Jan Willem , Wirtz Marius , Pintsuk Gerald , Theisen Werner , Linsmeier Christian
Published: February 2023

Functionally graded tungsten/steel composites are attractive to be used as an interlayer to join tungsten (W) and steel for the first wall of future fusion reactor to reduce the thermally induced stresses arising from the different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of W and steel. W/steel composites, with three W contents: 25, 50 and 75 vol% W, will serve as individual sublayers of this functionally graded material. Therefore, the present work exploits an emerging sintering technique, field-assisted sintering technology, to produce these composites. Firstly, a systematic parameter study was conducted aiming to reduce the residual porosity to a minimum while keeping the formation of intermetallic phases at the W/steel interface at a low level. The optimized composites 25, 50 and 75 vol% W achieved a relative density of 99%, 99% and 96%, respectively. Secondly, mechanical tests at elevated temperatures reveal that these composites are ductile above 300 °C, which is the minimum operating temperature of the first wall. Lastly, the measured CTE, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity were consistent with the theoretically expected values.
Trichoderma spp.-Related Pneumonia: A Case Report in Heart–Lung Transplantation Recipient and a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Burzio Carlo , Balzani Eleonora , Montrucchio Giorgia , Trompeo Anna Chiara , Corcione Silvia , Brazzi Luca
Published: February 2023

Opportunistic and hospital-acquired infections are common among recipients of solid organ transplantation. New pathogens are increasingly reported in the intensive care unit (ICU) population. We report a case of a patient who developed Trichoderma spp.-related pneumonia (TRP) after heart–lung transplantation. In the absence of antifungal susceptibility testing, TRP was confirmed by histological examination, and empirical therapy with voriconazole and caspofungin was swiftly initiated. Complete resolution of pneumonia was obtained after prolonged combination therapy. Given the lack of guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to apply during Trichoderma infection. After deduplication and selection of full texts, we found 42 articles eligible for the systematic review. Pneumonia seems to be the most common clinical manifestation (31.8%). The most used antifungal therapy was amphotericin B, while combination therapy was also reported (27.3%). All the patients were immunocompromised except for one case. Despite the rarity of Trichoderma spp. infection, the increase in invasive fungal infections is of growing importance in ICU, considering their impact on mortality and the emergence of antifungal resistance. In the absence of prospective and multicenter studies, a review can provide useful insight regarding the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of these unexpected challenges.
Corporate Social Responsibility Funding and Its Impact on India’s Sustainable Development: Using the Poverty Score as a Moderator
Authors: Gautam Rahul Singh , Bhimavarapu Venkata Mrudula , Rastogi Shailesh , Kappal Jyoti Mehndiratta , Patole Hitesh , Pushp Aman
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) funding in the education sector and the environment and how it affects India’s sustainable development. This study was conducted using secondary data and the data were collected from 28 Indian states and three union territories for the four fiscal years 2018 to 2021. This study examines the hypothesis using the generalized method of moments (GMM). As a result, it is found that overall CSR funding positively contributes to India’s sustainable development. Additionally, this study finds that CSR funding in education and the environment supports India’s sustainable development. It is also observed that, under the interaction effect of poverty (poverty score), CSR funding (total) and CSR funding on education positively affect sustainable growth. However, CSR funding for environmental activities does not significantly influence India’s FD under the moderation of poverty score. These factors are essential for India’s sustainable development and poverty reduction. Investing CSR funds in rural development, education, the environment, health, and other areas supporting India’s sustainable development leads to impressive economic growth and reduces poverty. Hence, it is attributed that CSR funding plays a vital role in India’s sustainable development. Future research can be carried out on CSR policies and funding using different variables and periods.
Synergetic Integration of SWAT and Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms for Evaluating Efficiencies of Agricultural Best Management Practices to Improve Water Quality
Authors: Hashemi Aslani Zohreh , Nasiri Vahid , Maftei Carmen , Vaseashta Ashok
Published: February 2023

Nitrate is one of the most complicated forms of nitrogen found in aquatic surface systems, which results in the eutrophication of the water. During the last few decades, due to agriculture and animal husbandry activities, as well as urban development, a significant amount of pollutants have accumulated in the Jajrood river in northern Iran. In this research, we simulated nitrate load in a rural watershed to assess the outlet stream’s qualitative status and evaluate the influence of best management practices (BMPs). To accomplish this, we prepared, processed, and integrated different datasets, including land-use land-cover (LULC) maps, physiographic layers, and hydrological and agricultural datasets. In the modeling section, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate nitrate load over 28 years (1991–2019). Additionally, the multi-objective optimization algorithm (MOPSO) was implemented to reduce the intended objective functions, including the number of best management practices and the nitrate concentration considering different scenarios. The calibration of the basin’s discharge and nitrate indicated that the SWAT model performed well in simulating the catchment’s streamflow (R2 = 0.71) and nitrate (R2 = 0.69). The recommended BMPs for reducing nutrient discharge from the basin are using vegetated filter strips on river banks and fertilizer reduction in agricultural activities. According to the results from this investigation, the integrated model demonstrates a strong ability to optimally determine the type, size, and location of BMPs in the watershed as long as the reduction criteria change. In a situation of water scarcity, the studies reported here could provide useful information for policymakers and planners to define water conservation policies and strategies.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Peer Assessment in Online Language Courses
Authors: Lin Yupeng , Yu Zhonggen
Published: February 2023

As a popular strategy in collaborative learning, peer assessment has attracted keen interest in academic studies on online language learning contexts. The growing body of studies and findings necessitates the analysis of current publication trends and citation networks, given that studies in technology-enhanced language learning are increasingly active. Through a bibliometric analysis involving visualization and citation network analyses, this study finds that peer assessment in online language courses has received much attention since the COVID-19 outbreak. It remains a popular research topic with a preference for studies on online writing courses, and demonstrates international and interdisciplinary research trends. Recent studies have led peer assessment in online language courses to more specific research topics, such as critical factors for improving students’ engagement and feedback quality, unique advantages in providing online peer assessment, and designs to enhance peer assessment quality. This study also provides critical aspects about how to effectively integrate educational technologies into peer assessment in online language courses. The findings in this study will encourage future studies on peer assessment in online learning, language teaching methods, and the application of educational technologies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gd-Functionalized B4C Nanoparticles for BNCT Applications
Authors: Vitali Agostina , Demichelis Maria Paola , Di Martino Greta , Postuma Ian , Bortolussi Silva , Falqui Andrea , Milanese Chiara , Ferrara Chiara , Sommi Patrizia , Anselmi-Tamburini Umberto
Published: February 2023

Inorganic nanoparticles of boron-rich compounds represent an attractive alternative to boron-containing molecules, such as boronophenylalanine or boranes, for BNCT applications. This work describes the synthesis and biological activity of multifunctional boron carbide nanoparticles stabilized with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and a gadolinium (Gd)-rich solid phase. A fluorophore (DiI) was included in the PAA functionalization, allowing the confocal microscopy imaging of the nanoparticles. Analysis of the interaction and activity of these fluorescent Gd-containing B4C nanoparticles (FGdBNPs) with cultured cells was appraised using an innovative correlative microscopy approach combining intracellular neutron autoradiography, confocal, and SEM imaging. This new approach allows visualizing the cells, the FGdBNP, and the events deriving from the nuclear process in the same image. Quantification of 10B by neutron autoradiography in cells treated with FGdBNPs confirmed a significant accumulation of NPs with low levels of cellular toxicity. These results suggest that these NPs might represent a valuable tool for achieving a high boron concentration in tumoral cells.
tert-Butyl 2-Amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole-6(4H)-carboxylate
Authors: Hozjan Mišel , Ciber Luka , Požgan Franc , Svete Jurij , Štefane Bogdan , Grošelj Uroš
Published: February 2023

Organocatalyzed synthesis of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole-6(4H)-carboxylate, prepared from Boc-tetramic acid and benzylidenemalononitrile, is disclosed. Two bifunctional noncovalent organocatalysts were employed, yielding the product as a racemic mixture in both cases. The structure of the new synthesized compound was confirmed by high resolution mass-spectrometry, 1H- and 13C-NMR, HSQC, and IR spectroscopy.