bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rechargeable Zinc–Air versus Lithium–Air Battery: from Fundamental Promises Toward Technological Potentials
Authors: Bi Xuanxuan , Jiang Yi , Chen Ruiting , Du Yuncheng , Zheng Yun , Yang Rong , Wang Rongyue , Wang Jiantao , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: December 2023

As battery technologies that can potentially increase the energy density and expand application scenarios of the lithium‐ion batteries, rechargeable metal‒air batteries have attracted extensive research interests. Among a variety types of metal anodes investigated, zinc (Zn)‒air and lithium (Li)‒air batteries hold best prospects for real‐world applications and attract the most scientific community interests. It has been more than 10 years since Cho et al. first compared Li–air and Zn–air batteries, during which great progress has been made. In this review, these two representative metal‒air battery technologies are compared in view of the most recent progresses and improvements in the last decade, especially efforts that push these technologies toward real world applications. It starts with the fundamentals of Zn–air and Li–air batteries, and discusses the progress made in electrolyte design, anode protection, and cathode catalysts development. It ends with an evaluation of the current research state along with an overall future perspective. Such a comprehensive comparison of typical non‐aqueous and aqueous battery systems with a focus on practical application criteria would be a timely review of metal‒air battery development in the last decade, which shed light for fundamental and applied research, eventually leading to real‐world application.
Interfacial Design Contributing to High Conversion Efficiency in Mg3(Sb, Bi)2/Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Module with Superior Stability
Authors: Qu Nuo , Sun Yuxin , Liu Zihang , Xie Liangjun , Zhu Yuke , Wu Hao , Chai Ronghao , Cheng Jinxuan , Guo Fengkai , Zhang Qian , Wang Ruiqi , Li Bangming , Wei Zhiguo , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe
Published: December 2023

Mg3(Sb, Bi)2‐based materials possess excellent room‐temperature thermoelectric performance, while poor interfacial behaviors occur when connected with metal electrodes due to the strong chemical activity and volatility of Mg element. In this study, a high efficiency of 7.1% under a temperature difference of 230 K is achieved in n‐Mg3(Sb, Bi)2/p‐Bi2Te3 thermoelectric module. When changing the interfacial layer from Fe powder to Fe foil, it effectively prevents a significant diffusion of both Mg and Bi elements from the material matrix to the interfacial layer, resulting in an extremely low contact resistivity ≈3.4 µΩ cm2 that is almost one order lower than of that of Fe powder/Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 junction ≈30 µΩ cm2. Particularly, a thin diffusion layer with a width of ≈2 µm is initially observed in the unannealed Fe foil/Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 junction. Even after thermal aging at 573 K for 28 days, the diffusion‐layer width is basically unchanged and its corresponding contact resistivity maintained as low as ≈5.8 µΩ cm2. Overall, this work provides deep insights into interfacial design and paves the way for high‐performance and sustainable low‐grade waste heat recovery.
Self‐Supported Catalytic Electrode of CoW/Co‐Foam Achieves Efficient Ammonia Synthesis at Ampere‐Level Current Density
Authors: Kang Xia , Yang Xue‐Jing , Meng Zhe , Sun Xue‐Feng , Shi Miao‐Miao , Li Hong‐Rui , Gao Rui , Bi Bo , Liu Dong‐Xue , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing
Published: December 2023

Conversion of air and water into valuable chemicals of ammonia (NH3) by plasma activation and electrochemical reduction is a promising approach to achieve zero carbon‐emission synthesis of NH3. However, designing highly efficient electrochemical catalysts is one of the key challenges in accomplishing this strategy. Herein, a self‐supported cobalt–tungsten alloy supported on cobalt foam (CoW/CF) is developed via a simple and efficient method at room temperature. Surprisingly, the catalyst exhibits ultra‐high NH3 partial current density (1559 mA cm−2), superior NH3 yield rate (164.3 mg h−1 cm−2), and high Faradaic efficiency (98.1%) under the condition of 0.2 M nitrate/nitrite, outperforming most of the reported values of electrosynthesis of NH3 to the knowledge. The introduction of W makes the Co atom surface electron deficient, which can enhance the adsorption of NOx− and mitigate the excessive bonding of hydroxyl radicals (OH*) generated during nitrite (NO2*) hydrogenation, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the potential‐determining step. More interestingly, a scale‐up reaction system is established, achieving an NH3 yield rate of 4.771 g h−1 and successfully converting the NH3 in solution into solid NH4Cl. The aforementioned progress significantly enhances the facilitation of NH3 electrosynthesis industrialization.
De novo assembly of frustrated Lewis pair bearing metal‐organic frameworks for atmospheric CO2 cycloaddition
Authors: Lu Youluan , Wu Haonan , Li Dongna , Huang Yi , Guo Huijuan , Wang Tielin , Shi Lijuan , Yi Qun
Published: December 2023

Porous frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been demonstrated as cutting‐edge heterogeneous catalysts in acidic–basic catalysis, which, yet faces great challenges in synthesis. Herein, we propose a one‐step de novo assembly strategy for constructing porous FLPs by capping monodentate ionic liquids (ILs) on metal clusters during the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The capping of ILs makes adjacent metal sites on MOFs transforming to coordinatively‐unsaturated metal Lewis acids, producing FLPs containing Lewis basic Cl− ions from ILs and metal sites. The distribution of ILs on the framework of MOFs endows the catalysts with large surface areas (up to 2125 m2 g−1), open channels and good stability. The porous FLPs behave unprecedented activity for atmospheric CO2 activation and coupling with epoxides (25–40°C, 1 bar, without cocatalyst). This de novo assembly strategy exhibits good universality for synthesizing porous FLPs from different kinds of ILs, paving a facile approach for designing high‐efficiency acidic–basic catalysts.
Double somatic mosaicism in Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Pezzani Lidia , Pezzoli Laura , Rosina Erica , Scatigno Agnese , Cereda Anna , Lucca Camilla , Bellini Matteo , Marchetti Daniela , Maino Marzia , Mangili Giovanna , Selicorni Angelo , Iascone Maria
Published: December 2023

Post‐zygotic mosaicism is a well‐known biological phenomenon characterized by the presence of genetically distinct lineages of cells in the same individual due to post‐zygotic de novo mutational events. It has been identified in about 13% of Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) syndrome patients with a molecular diagnosis, an unusual high frequency. Here, we report the case of a patient affected by classic CdLS harboring post‐zygotic mosaicism for two different likely pathogenic variants at the same nucleotide position in NIPBL. Double somatic mosaicism has never been reported in CdLS and only rarely recognized in human diseases. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
Design of Organic Radical Cations as Potent Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer Catalysts for C−H Functionalization
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Maruoka Keiji
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) catalysis offers an atom‐ and step‐economical approach to the direct functionalization of aliphatic C−H bonds. While the structure of HAT catalysts largely affects the reactivity and selectivity in the step where the C−H bond is cleaved, the choice of viable catalysts for HAT from strong C−H bonds is limited. The recent development of organic HAT catalysts based on the flexibly modifiable molecular platform has enabled fine‐tuning of the steric and electronic properties of these catalysts, thus greatly expanding their structural diversity. This review focuses on the design of HAT catalysts with cationic moieties as common structural motifs and their application to the selective manipulation of the C−H bonds of challenging substrates, including unactivated hydrocarbons.
From Adhesion to Detachment: Strategies to Design Tissue‐Adhesive Hydrogels
Authors: Ho Minh Hieu , van Hilst Quinn , Cui Xiaolin , Ramaswamy Yogambha , Woodfield Tim , Rnjak-Kovacina Jelena , Wise Steven G. , Lim Khoon S.
Published: December 2023

The use of tissue adhesives dates to 1940s when surgical glues were introduced for wound closure applications. However, current clinically used tissue adhesives (fibrin and cyanoacrylate glues) have limited adhesion strength and biocompatibility issues which restrict their performance in targeted applications. Due to this unmet clinical challenge, there is a need to develop next‐generation tissue adhesives to expand the current limited available options. Another factor that is often overlooked in the field is the consequence of when these tissue adhesives fail while in use in specific applications. In this review, the complications arising from tissue adhesives that have insufficient adhesion strength are covered, where unintentional loosening and detachment can lead to serious complications depending on both the applications and scenarios in which the adhesives are used. Next, the current methodologies employed to design tissue‐adhesive hydrogels targeting specific applications are also collated. Finally, the different strategies to engineer on‐demand removal property of these tissue‐adhesive hydrogels are consolidated, including some perspectives on current challenges and outlooks in this field.
Orbital Engineering Mediated by Cation Conjugation in Luminescent Uranyl‐Organic Hybrid Materials
Authors: Raghavan Adharsh , Cahill Christopher L.
Published: December 2023

A series of compounds of the form [HAr]2[UO2X4] is reported here, wherein Ar is systematically varied between pyridine (1‐X), quinoline (2‐X), acridine (3‐X), 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine (4‐X), quinoxaline (5‐X), and phenazine (6‐X), and X=Cl or Br. With greater conjugation in the organic cation, a larger quenching in uranyl luminescence is observed in the solid state. Supporting our luminescence experiments with computation, we map out the potential energy diagrams for the singlet and triplet states of both the [HAr]+ cations and [UO2Cl4]2− anion in the crystalline state, and of the assembly. The distinct energy transfer pathways in each compound are discussed.
Identification of Crucial Photosensitizing Factors to Promote CO2‐to‐CO Conversion
Authors: Wang Ping , Guo Song , Zhao Qiu‐Ping , Xu Shen‐Yue , Lv Hongjin , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming
Published: December 2023

The sensitizing ability of a catalytic system is closely related to the visible‐light absorption ability, excited‐state lifetime, redox potential, and electron‐transfer rate of photosensitizers (PSs), however it remains a great challenge to concurrently mediate these factors to boost CO2 photoreduction. Herein, a series of Ir(III)‐based PSs (Ir‐1–Ir‐6) were prepared as molecular platforms to understand the interplay of these factors and identify the primary factors for efficient CO2 photoreduction. Among them, less efficient visible‐light absorption capacity results in lower CO yields of Ir‐1, Ir‐2 or Ir‐4. Ir‐3 shows the most efficient photocatalytic activity among these mononuclear PSs due to some comprehensive parameters. Although the Kobs of Ir‐3 is ≈10 times higher than that of Ir‐5, the CO yield of Ir‐3 is slightly higher than that of Ir‐5 due to the compensation of Ir‐5’s strong visible‐light‐absorbing ability. Ir‐6 exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance due to the strong visible‐light absorption ability, comparable thermodynamic driving force, and electron transfer rate among these PSs. Remarkably, the CO2 photoreduction to CO with Ir‐6 can achieve 91.5 μmol, over 54 times higher than Ir‐1, and the optimized TONC‐1 can reach up to 28160. Various photophysical properties of the PSs were concurrently adjusted by fine ligand modification to promote CO2 photoreduction.
Stabilization of NH− Group Adjacent to Naked Silicon(II) Atom in Base Stabilized Aminosilylenes
Authors: Pandey Madhusudan K. , Hendi Zohreh , Wang Xiaobai , Bhandari Anirban , Singh Mukesh K. , Rachuy Katharina , Kumar Kushvaha Saroj , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: December 2023

Aminosilylene, comprising reactive NH− and Si(II) sites next to each other, is an intriguing class of compounds due to its ability to show diverse reactivity. However, stabilizing the reactive NH− group next to the free Si(II) atom is challenging and has not yet been achieved. Herein, we report the first examples of base stabilized free aminosilylenes Ar*NHSi(PhC(NtBu)2) (1 a) and Mes*NHSi(PhC(NtBu)2) (1 b) (Ar*=2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐methylphenyl and Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl), tolerating a NH− group next to the naked Si(II) atom. Remarkably, 1 a and 1 b exhibited interesting differences in their reactivity upon heating. With 1 a, an intramolecular C(sp3)−H activation of one of the benzhydryl methine hydrogen atoms to the Si(II) atom produced the five‐membered cyclic silazane 2. However, with 1 b, a rare 1,2‐hydrogen shift to the Si(II) atom afforded a silanimine 3, with a hydride ligand attached to an unsaturated silicon atom. Further, the coordination capabilities of 1 a were also tested with Ru(II) and Fe(0) precursors. Treatments of 1 a with [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)Cl2]2 led to the isolation of a η6‐arene tethered complex [RuCl2{Ar*NHSi(PhC(tBuN)2)‐κ1‐Si‐η6‐arene}] (4), whereas with the Fe(CO)5 precursor a Fe(0) complex [Fe(CO)4{Ar*NHSi(PhC(tBuN)2)‐κ1‐Si}] (5) was obtained. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to shed light on the structural, bonding, and energetic aspects in 1–5.
Photolysis mechanism of Di(tert‐butylphenyl)iodonium salt using 2‐isopropylthioxanthone as a sensitizer
Authors: Masuda Mayu , Shiraishi Atsushi , Kobayashi Ayumi , Iritani Kohei , Yamashita Takashi
Published: December 2023

Diaryliodonium salts (Ar2I+X−) are used as a photosensitive initiator that generates acid or radical species by ultraviolet light irradiation. Recently, sensitization of Ar2I+X− has gained importance owing to the escalating demand for high‐sensitive initiators with longer wavelength absorption such as 365 and 436 nm. However, the mechanism of photolysis of Ar2I+X− has not been strictly elucidated. This paper shows discussions of the details of its mechanism. Herein, we analyzed the photosensitization of Ar2I+X− with 2–isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) based on transient absorption techniques. As a result, it was revealed that electron transfer occurred from a triplet excited state of ITX to Ar2I+X− with an electron transfer rate constant of 4.2 × 109 s−1. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography measurements found the quantum yield of the photolysis was determined to be 0.48.
Extraction, separation and purification of fatty acid ethyl esters for biodiesel and DHA from Thraustochytrid biomass
Authors: Singh Dilip , Rani Rekha , Sharma Ajay K. , Gupta Ravi P. , Ramakumar Sankara Sri Venkata , Mathur Anshu S.
Published: December 2023

A novel approach for in situ transesterification, extraction, separation, and purification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) for biodiesel and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from Thraustochytrid biomass has been developed. The downstream processing of Thraustochytrids oil necessitates optimization, considering the higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). While two‐step methods are commonly employed for extracting and transesterifying oil from oleaginous microbes, this may result in oxidation/epoxidation of omega‐3 oil due to prolonged exposure to heat and oxygen. To address this issue, a rapid single‐step method was devised for in situ transesterification of Thraustochytrid oil. Through further process optimization, a 50% reduction in solvent requirement was achieved without significantly impacting fatty acid recovery or composition. Scale‐up studies in a 4 L reactor demonstrated complete FAEE recovery (99.98% of total oil) from biomass, concurrently enhancing DHA yield from 16% to nearly 22%. The decolorization of FAEE oil with fuller's earth effectively removed impurities such as pigments, secondary metabolites, and waxes, resulting in a clear, shiny appearance. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that the eluted DHA was over 94.5% pure, as corroborated by GC‐FID analysis.
Effect of co‐substitution on complex thermoelectric compounds: The Zintl phase Ba1‐xSrxZn2‐yCuySb2 system
Authors: Jeong Jiwon , Shim Daewon , Choi Myung‐Ho , Ok Kang Min , You Tae‐Soo
Published: December 2023

Three co‐substituted quaternary and quinary Zintl phases belonging to the Ba1‐xSrxZn2‐yCuySb2 (x = 0, 0.09; 0.24 ≤ y ≤ 0.42) system were prepared by the molten Pb metal‐flux method. Co‐substitution using the cationic Sr and anionic Cu for Ba and Zn was initially applied to lower the thermal conductivities and to improve the electric conductivities of these title compounds simultaneously. The homogeneities of single‐phase products were verified by powder x‐ray diffraction analysis, and the BaCu2S2‐type orthorhombic crystal structures with the Ba/Sr and the Zn/Cu mixed‐sites were refined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction analysis. Structural selectivity for the observed BaCu2S2‐type phase was rationalized by the radius ratio of cationic and anionic elements, where r+/r− > 1. DFT calculations using the three structural models revealed that the Sr and Cu substitutions can increase the structural stability and the hole carrier concentration. A series of temperature‐dependent electrical transport property measurements for BaZn1.76Cu0.24Sb2 and Ba0.91Sr0.09Zn1.70Cu0.30Sb2 successfully proved that the co‐substitution using Sr and Cu enhanced electrical conductivities, but reduced the Seebeck coefficients resulting in the slight change in power factor.
Photothermal Prussian blue nanoparticles generate potent multi‐targeted tumor‐specific T cells as an adoptive cell therapy
Authors: Sweeney Elizabeth E. , Sekhri Palak , Muniraj Nethaji , Chen Jie , Feng Sally , Terao Joshua , Chin Samantha J. , Schmidt Danielle E. , Bollard Catherine M. , Cruz Conrad Russell Y. , Fernandes Rohan
Published: December 2023

Prussian blue nanoparticle‐based photothermal therapy (PBNP‐PTT) is an effective tumor treatment capable of eliciting an antitumor immune response. Motivated by the ability of PBNP‐PTT to potentiate endogenous immune responses, we recently demonstrated that PBNP‐PTT could be used ex vivo to generate tumor‐specific T cells against glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines as an adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT). In this study, we further developed this promising T cell development platform. First, we assessed the phenotype and function of T cells generated using PBNP‐PTT. We observed that PBNP‐PTT facilitated CD8+ T cell expansion from healthy donor PBMCs that secreted IFNγ and TNFα and upregulated CD107a in response to engagement with target U87 cells, suggesting specific antitumor T cell activation and degranulation. Further, CD8+ effector and effector memory T cell populations significantly expanded after co‐culture with U87 cells, consistent with tumor‐specific effector responses. In orthotopically implanted U87 GBM tumors in vivo, PBNP‐PTT‐derived T cells effectively reduced U87 tumor growth and generated long‐term survival in >80% of tumor‐bearing mice by Day 100, compared to 0% of mice treated with PBS, non‐specific T cells, or T cells expanded from lysed U87 cells, demonstrating an enhanced antitumor efficacy of this ATCT platform. Finally, we tested the generalizability of our approach by generating T cells targeting medulloblastoma (D556), breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231), neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y), and acute monocytic leukemia (THP‐1) cell lines. The resulting T cells secreted IFNγ and exerted increased tumor‐specific cytolytic function relative to controls, demonstrating the versatility of PBNP‐PTT in generating tumor‐specific T cells for ATCT.
Rescue of p53 functions by in vitro‐transcribed mRNA impedes the growth of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Raab Monika , Kostova Izabela , Peña‐Llopis Samuel , Fietz Daniela , Kressin Monika , Aberoumandi Seyed Mohsen , Ullrich Evelyn , Becker Sven , Sanhaji Mourad , Strebhardt Klaus
Published: December 2023

Background

The cellular tumor protein p53 (TP53) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in human cancers. Among various cancer types, the very aggressive high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) exhibits the highest prevalence of TP53 mutations, present in >96% of cases. Despite intensive efforts to reactivate p53, no clinical drug has been approved to rescue p53 function. In this study, our primary objective was to administer in vitro‐transcribed (IVT) wild‐type (WT) p53‐mRNA to HGSOC cell lines, primary cells, and orthotopic mouse models, with the aim of exploring its impact on inhibiting tumor growth and dissemination, both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

To restore the activity of p53, WT p53 was exogenously expressed in HGSOC cell lines using a mammalian vector system. Moreover, IVT WT p53 mRNA was delivered into different HGSOC model systems (primary cells and patient‐derived organoids) using liposomes and studied for proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, colony formation, and chromosomal instability. Transcriptomic alterations induced by p53 mRNA were analyzed using RNA sequencing in OVCAR‐8 and primary HGSOC cells, followed by ingenuity pathway analysis. In vivo effects on tumor growth and metastasis were studied using orthotopic xenografts and metastatic intraperitoneal mouse models.

Results

Reactivation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene was explored in different HGSOC model systems using newly designed IVT mRNA‐based methods. The introduction of WT p53 mRNA triggered dose‐dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and potent long‐lasting inhibition of HGSOC cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis of OVCAR‐8 cells upon mRNA‐based p53 reactivation revealed significant alterations in gene expression related to p53 signaling, such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage. Restoring p53 function concurrently reduces chromosomal instability within the HGSOC cells, underscoring its crucial contribution in safeguarding genomic integrity by moderating the baseline occurrence of double‐strand breaks arising from replication stress. Furthermore, in various mouse models, treatment with p53 mRNA reduced tumor growth and inhibited tumor cell dissemination in the peritoneal cavity in a dose‐dependent manner.

Conclusions

The IVT mRNA‐based reactivation of p53 holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for HGSOC, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying p53 function and its relevance in ovarian cancer treatment.
The efficacy of immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in patients with advanced rare tumors: A Turkish oncology group (TOG) study
Authors: Guven Deniz Can , Aykan Musa Baris , Muglu Harun , Bayram Ertugrul , Helvaci Kaan , Dursun Bengü , Celayir Melisa , Chelebiyev Elvin , Nayir Erdinc , Erman Mustafa , Sezer Ahmet , Urun Yuksel , Demirci Umut , Er Ozlem , Disel Umut , Bilici Ahmet , Arslan Cagatay , Karadurmus Nuri , Kilickap Saadettin
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were relatively slow in rare tumors. Therefore, we conducted a multi‐center study evaluating the efficacy of ICI monotherapy and the combination of ICIs with chemotherapy (CT) in patients with advanced rare tumors.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we included 93 patients treated with ICIs for NCI‐defined rare tumors from the 12 cancer centers in Turkey. The primary endpoints were the overall response (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR).

Results

The cohort's median age was 56, and 53.8% of the patients were male. The most frequent diagnosis was sarcoma (29%), and 81.7% of the patients were previously treated with at least one line of systemic therapy in the advanced stage.

The ORR and DCR were 36.8% and 63.2%, respectively. The germ cell tumors had the lowest ORR (0%), while the Merkel cell carcinoma had the highest ORR to ICIs (57.1%). Patients treated with ICI + ICI or ICI plus chemotherapy combinations had higher ORR (55.2% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.012) and DCR (82.8% vs. 53.4%, p = 0.008).

The median OS was 13.47 (95% CI: 7.79–19.15) months, and the six and 12‐month survival rates were 71% and 52%. The median duration of response was 16.59 months, and the 12‐month progression‐free survival rate was 66% in responders. The median time‐to‐treatment failure was 5.06 months (95% CI: 3.42–6.71). Three patients had high‐grade irAEs with ICIs (grade 3 colitis, grade 3 gastritis, and grade 3 encephalitis in one patient each).

Conclusion

We observed over 30% ORR and a 13‐month median OS in patients with rare cancers treated with ICI monotherapy or ICI plus CT combinations. The response rates to ICIs or ICIs plus CT significantly varied across different tumor types. Responding patients had over 2 years of survival, highlighting a need for further trials with ICIs for patients with rare tumors.
Clinical implication of the Naples prognostic score on transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Demirci Gökhan , Aslan Serkan , Güner Ahmet , Demir Ali R. , Erata Yunus E. , Türkmen İrem , Yalçın Ahmet A. , Kalkan Ali K. , Uzun Fatih , Çelik Ömer , Ertürk Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Background

One of the hallmarks of frailty in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) is malnutrition, for which one of the most up‐to‐date scoring systems is the Naples prognostic score (NPS). This study sought to investigate the predictive role of the NPS in determining mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) under long‐term follow‐up.

Methods

A total of 430 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe AS who underwent TAVR were included retrospectively. The primary endpoint of the study was the long‐term all‐cause mortality. The study population was divided into two groups according to the NPS value, including Group 1 (NPS 0–2) and Group 2 (NPS 3–4).

Results

The all‐cause mortality occurred in 250 patients (62.5%) patients during a follow‐up time of 40.6 (22.0–69.4) months. During the follow‐up period, all‐cause mortality was higher in Group 2 compared with Group 1 (87.9% vs. 42.9%, p < 0.001). Older age (p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.015), left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.021), and being in Group 2 (high NPS) (hazard ratio: 7.058, 95% confidence interval: 5.174–9.629, p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of all‐cause mortality at long‐term follow‐up.

Conclusion

The NPS as a malnutrition and inflammation marker in patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR provides valuable information for all‐cause mortality under long‐term follow‐up.
Percutaneous coronary intervention: Before, after, or during TAVR?
Authors: Hanson Ivan , Goldstein James A.
Published: December 2023

Key points

Decisions surrounding if, and when, to perform coronary revascularization in patients undergoing trans‐catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are often complex.

Concomitant percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and TAVR is associated with comparable technical success, but higher rates of bleeding and acute kidney injury, compared to staged procedures or no PCI.

Timing of PCI relative to TAVR should be individualized based on clinical status, lesion complexity and anticipated risks of bleeding and renal injury.
Regulation of Pt Loading on Co/Al2O3 Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan and 2,5‐Dimethylfuran
Authors: Srifa Atthapon , Kalong Munsuree , Praikaew Wanichaya , Ratchahat Sakhon , Chaiwat Weerawut , Koo‐Amornpattana Wanida , Klysubun Wantana , Limphirat Wanwisa , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: December 2023

Selective hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) and 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) were explored by regulating the nanosized Pt on Co/Al2O3 catalysts. Characterization results revealed that the catalyst acidity was influenced by adjusting the Co/Pt composition, while the addition of more Pt loading on Co/Al2O3 catalysts resulted in a facilitation of H2 reduction process. Lower size of catalyst particles was obtained for the Co−Pt system in comparison to the monometallic Co/Al2O3 catalyst. Additionally, the structural characterizations by XRD, XANES, and XPS established the co‐existences between metallic Pt0/Co0 and oxophilic PtO2/CoOx, acting as the active components for the reactions. Operated under a full HMF conversion, the Co1Pt0.050Al catalyst with high Pt loading gave >99.9 % BHMF selectivity at 40 °C; whereas, an 86.7 % of DMF selectivity was noticeable over low Pt loading of the Co1Pt0.013Al catalyst at 160 °C. This investigation evidenced that the selective production of BHMF or DMF towards hydro‐conversion of HMF was relied on the amount of Pt contents on Co/Al2O3 catalyst, in which the metal sizes and acidity had meaningful effects on the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis processes.
Enhanced adhesive and mechanically robust silicone‐based coating with excellent marine anti‐fouling and anti‐corrosion performances
Authors: Li Qiang , He Peng , Wang Haihua , Xu Ziqi , Zhan Xiaoli , Liu Quan , Zhang Qinghua
Published: December 2023

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used in marine antifouling coatings due to its low surface energy property. However, certain drawbacks of PDMS coatings such as poor surface adhesion, weak mechanical properties, and inadequate static antifouling performance have hindered its practical applications. Herein, condensation polymerization is utilized to prepare PDMS‐based polythiamine ester (PTUBAF) coatings that consist of PDMS, polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG), 2, 3, 5, 6‐tetrafluoro‐1, 4‐benzenedimethanol (TBD) as the main chains and isobornyl acrylate(IBA) as the antifouling group. The surface adhesion to the substrate is enhanced due to the hydrogen bond between the coated carbamate group and the hydroxyl group on the surface of the substrate. Mechanical properties of PTUBAF are significantly improved due to the benzene ring and six‐membered ring biphase hard structure. The strong synergistic effect of bactericidal groups and low surface energy surface endows the PTUBAF coating with outstanding antifouling performance. Due to the low surface energy surface, the PTUBAF coatings are also found to possess excellent anti‐corrosion. Furthermore, since the PTUBAF coatings exhibit a visible light transmittance of 91 %, they can applied as protective films for smartphones. The proposed method has the potential to boost the production and practical applications of silicone‐based coatings.
Intraflagellar transport: A critical player in photoreceptor development and the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases
Authors: Gupta Mohona , Pazour Gregory J.
Published: December 2023

In vertebrate vision, photons are detected by highly specialized sensory cilia called outer segments. Photoreceptor outer segments form by remodeling the membrane of a primary cilium into a stack of flattened disks. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is critical to the formation of most types of eukaryotic cilia including the outer segments. This review covers the state of knowledge of the role of IFT in the formation and maintenance of outer segments and the human diseases that result from mutations in genes encoding the IFT complex and associated motors.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation of Pudexacianinium (ASP5354) for Dose Setting of a Phase 2 First‐in‐Patient Study: A Novel Imaging Agent for Intraoperative Ureter Visualization during Abdominopelvic Surgery
Authors: Saito Masako , Kojima Tomoki , Komatsu Kanji , Takusagawa Shin
Published: December 2023

Pudexacianinium (ASP5354) chloride is an indocyanine green derivative designed to enable enhanced ureter visualization during surgery. The objective of the present analysis was to determine appropriate doses of pudexacianinium for a phase 2, dose‐ranging study (NCT04238481). Real‐time urine pudexacianinium concentration is considered a good pharmacodynamic surrogate marker, since ureter visualization likely depends on its concentration in the ureter. Using plasma and urine concentrations of pudexacianinium from a phase 1 single‐ascending‐dose (0.1‐24.0 mg) study in healthy participants, a 3‐compartment population pharmacokinetic model with a urine output compartment was developed and effectively described the concentration‐time profiles. The individual estimated glomerular filtration rates had a significant impact on drug clearance. Simulations suggested that a 1.0 mg intravenous injection would achieve target urine concentrations over 1 μg/mL (determined from previous nonclinical studies) for 3 hours postdose, assuming a urine production rate of 1.0 mL/min. Based on this simulation, doses of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg were proposed for the phase 2 study. The observed plasma concentrations were generally consistent with model predictions. For urine, although only limited data could be obtained due to the difficulties of spot urine collection from surgical patients, intraoperative ureter visualization was successful at 1.0 and 3.0 mg.
IFATA‐Deep net: Improved invasive feedback artificial tree algorithm with deep quantum neural network for root disease classification
Authors: Jackulin C. , Murugavalli S. , Valarmathi K.
Published: December 2023

Identification of crop plant disease in the early phase is one of the most vital tasks in agriculture. The infection by disease resulted in huge loss to economy. Thus, quick and precise treatment of disease prevented the product loss and enhances the product quality. In this work, a method for categorizing the root disease is developed. The goal is to create a model utilizing a collection of photos of roots to categorize root sickness. Initially, noise is removed during the pre‐processing using a Gaussian filter. The segments are generated using the Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSPNet). Here, PSPNet training is carried out using the improved invasive feedback artificial tree method (IFATA), which is developed by combining the improved invasive weed optimization (IIWO) and Feedback Artificial Tree (FAT). Data augmentation is done to make an image suitable for further processing. Root disease is categorized using a deep quantum neural network. With the suggested IFATA, Deep Quantum Neural Network (DQNN) is trained. The analysis of technique is performed with two databases, namely Rice root Gellan dataset and Alfalfa root crowns. The proposed IFATA‐based DQNN outperformed with higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity scores of 93.5%, 94.5%, and 90.5%, respectively.
Multi‐objective Firefly algorithm for enhanced balanced exploitation and exploration capabilities
Authors: Liu Lei
Published: December 2023

The multi‐objective Firefly algorithm has a single strategy for finding the best in the evolutionary process, which is easy to fall into the local optimum and leads to poor distribution and convergence of the population. To address this problem, this article proposes an enhanced multi‐objective Firefly algorithm with balanced exploitation and exploration capability (MOFA‐EBE). The convergence evaluation index is introduced to divide the population into two sub‐regions according to the difference of convergence, namely, the development area and exploration area, and each sub‐region is assigned its learning strategy to maximize the utilization of population information. Since the individuals in the development region are far from the Pareto front, the Lévy flights mechanism is added to expand the search area and make them approach the Pareto front quickly under the guidance of the convergent global optimal particles to improve the convergence of the algorithm; since the individuals in the exploration region already have better convergence, they are assigned the most diverse and convergent global individuals for guidance and the Cauchy The variation mechanism is added to the Pareto frontier for continuous exploration to improve the distributivity of the algorithm. In the experimental part, the algorithm is compared with some multi‐objective optimization algorithms on 19 benchmark test functions, and the effectiveness of the added strategy of MOFA‐EBE is verified. The results show that MOFA‐EBE is significantly superior to several other algorithms in terms of improving population convergence and distributivity.
Temperature‐Controlled Hydrothermal Synthesis of α‐MnO2 Nanorods for Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexanone
Authors: Jha Ratnesh Kumar , Manikandan Marimuthu , Prabu Marimuthu , Vineeth Nidhi R. , Dharmalingam Praveen , Archana Ramakrishnan , Harsha Murudappa , Shankar Sonu Ram , Bhatte Kushal , Raja Thirumalaiswamy
Published: December 2023

This work describes the comparison of the catalytic performances of α‐MnO2 nanorods synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach at varying temperatures (140–200 °C). The structure and morphology of these nanorods were analyzed by XRD, N2‐physisorption, NH3‐TPD, Raman, SEM, HRTEM, and XPS. The prepared α‐MnO2 nanorods also performed exceptionally well in the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexanone to dicarboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions. The characterization results conferred that there is a significant influence of hydrothermal temperatures on the textural properties, morphology, and catalytic activity. Notably, the α‐MnO2 nanorods obtained from 180 °C hydrothermal conditions outperformed other catalysts with 77.3 % cyclohexanone conversion and 99 % selectivity towards acid products such as adipic acid (AA), glutaric acid (GA) and succinic acid (SA). The improved catalytic activity may be attributed to the interaction of the bifunctional Mn3+/4+ redox metal centres and surface acidic sites. The present oxidation reaction was found to be a promising eco‐benign process with high selectivity for the production of commercially significant carboxylic acids from cyclohexanone.
Historic winter wheat yield, production, and economic value trends in Kansas, the “Wheat State”
Authors: Holman Johnathan D. , Obour Augustine K. , O'Brien Daniel , Assefa Yared
Published: December 2023

Year‐to‐year weather variability and technologies (fertilizer, irrigation, herbicides, conservation tillage, varieties, mechanization, and others) are among factors that affect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in water‐limited cropping systems. The objective of these analyses was to quantify winter wheat yield trends, variability, relationship with weather, yield gap, and value in the “Wheat State,” Kansas. Two data sources were used for this study, that is, annual winter wheat yield reported for selected counties from the United States Department of Agriculture and the Kansas State University wheat variety performance trial near Colby, Garden City, Hays, and Tribune, Kansas. Results of the study showed a decline in harvest area and inflation‐adjusted market value per area of winter wheat beginning in the 1930s. However, both the survey and research data showed continuous increase in winter wheat yield at rates of 3–180 kg ha−1 year−1 that varied by irrigation, location, data source, or time range considered, except for a few years where yield stagnated or declined. Despite increased productivity, results indicated an increase in annual winter wheat yield variation over time. A positive correlation was observed between nonirrigated wheat yield and all months of precipitation except for January, February, and June. October through December precipitation provided the best positive correlation with nonirrigated wheat yield. Wheat yields were negatively correlated with high temperature in months that coincided with wheat flowering and maturity. The yield gap between actual and potential wheat yield was estimated at 15%–55%. The decreasing revenue per land area may be one of the reasons for decreasing wheat planted acreage over time. We concluded producers need to increase adoption of latest technology (varieties with drought and heat tolerance) and management to obtain yield potential. Research should investigate methods to increase the stability of state‐wide wheat production and financial return.
Combined 18F‐FDG PET‐CT markers in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Mattoli Maria Vittoria , Cocciolillo Fabrizio , Chiacchiaretta Piero , Dotta Francesco , Trevisi Gianluca , Carrarini Claudia , Thomas Astrid , Sensi Stefano , Pizzi Andrea Delli , Nicola Angelo Domenico Di , Crosta Adolfo Di , Mammarella Nicola , Padovani Alessandro , Pilotto Andrea , Moda Fabio , Tiraboschi Pietro , Martino Gianluigi , Bonanni Laura
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

18F‐Fluoro‐deoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is a supportive biomarker in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) diagnosis and its advanced analysis methods, including radiomics and machine learning (ML), were developed recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FDG‐PET diagnostic performance in predicting a DLB versus Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis.

METHODS

FDG‐PET scans were visually and semi‐quantitatively analyzed in 61 patients. Radiomics and ML analyses were performed, building five ML models: (1) clinical features; (2) visual and semi‐quantitative PET features; (3) radiomic features; (4) all PET features; and (5) overall features.

RESULTS

At follow‐up, 34 patients had DLB and 27 had AD. At visual analysis, DLB PET signs were significantly more frequent in DLB, having the highest diagnostic accuracy (86.9%). At semi‐quantitative analysis, the right precuneus, superior parietal, lateral occipital, and primary visual cortices showed significantly reduced uptake in DLB. The ML model 2 had the highest diagnostic accuracy (84.3%).

DISCUSSION

FDG‐PET is a valuable tool in DLB diagnosis, having visual and semi‐quantitative analyses with the highest diagnostic accuracy at ML analyses.
Adapting dose–response methodology to improve clinical trial design for psychotherapies
Authors: Sysko Robyn , Holland Katherine , Hildebrandt Tom
Published: December 2023

Objective

Conventional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have long served as the foundation of research in clinical psychology; however, most treatments for eating disorders show only modest effects on reduction of symptoms and maintenance of long‐term remission. New options for psychotherapy treatment development research, beyond continuing to pursue additive or subpopulation approaches, are needed.

Methods

One option is to apply dose–response designs, which are commonplace in studies of pharmacology, toxicology, and medical research, and characterized by the evaluation of the amount of exposure (dose) to an intervention, and the resulting changes in body function or health (response).

Results

Eating disorder interventions are particularly well‐suited for dose–response treatment designs. The deadly nature of eating disorders makes it imperative that patients are not turned away for not being “ready” to engage with treatment. By identifying optimal doses, research will likely yield a more parsimonious course of treatment, which will lend itself to reduced costs, greater uptake, and reduced drop‐out.

Discussion

Limited use of within‐subject designs in trials for patients with eating disorders has produced fast‐track efficacy studies and omitted key elements in the treatment development pathway. To decrease reliance on RCT's, dose–response methods should be applied as an alternative study design.

Public Significance

Eating disorders are associated with medical and psychiatric comorbidities, poor quality of life, and high mortality. Access to evidence‐based services for patients with eating disorders is limited, and identifying additional effective treatment options can be difficult because of challenges inherent to randomized‐controlled trials. This manuscript describes an alternative trial methodology to maximize the information that can be gathered prior to utilizing a standard large‐scale efficacy design.
Investigation of vacuum measurement by nano‐gap device
Authors: Komiya Kazuki , Nagata Koki , Yamaoka Hidehiko , Date Shuichi , Miyashita Yuito , Yan Min
Published: December 2023

Advances in microfabrication technology have enabled electron beam lithography (EB lithography) systems to produce microfabrication on the order of 10 of nanometers. Using this technology, we have fabricated nanogap electrodes that can generate large electric fields at low voltages. The gap between the tips of the fabricated electrodes is 100 nm, and the curvature of each tip is 50 nm. The device was confirmed to work as an electronic vacuum gauge, the device successfully measured vacuum from 10−3 to 1 Pa at the electrode voltage of 3 V.
The serum levels of angiopoietin‐like protein 3 and 4 in type 2 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome compared to the control group
Authors: Hezarkhani Sharabeh , Hajighaderi Aytekin , Hosseinzadeh Sara , Behnampour Naser , Veghari Gholamreza , Fathabadi Farshid , Hesari Zahra , Joshaghani Hamid Reza
Published: December 2023

Introduction

ANGPTLs (Angiopoietin‐like proteins) 3 and 4 play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. These glycoproteins affect the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. They inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and provoke lipolysis. This study was aimed to investigate the protein levels of ANGPTL3 and 4 in the serum of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome in comparison to the type 2 diabetic patients without metabolic syndrome and the control group.

Methods

Three groups of individuals were included in this study; Group I: 47 patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; Group II: 25 patients with type 2 diabetes without metabolic syndrome; Group III: 40 non‐diabetic healthy people without metabolic syndrome as a control group. After collection of 5 mL fasting blood samples, serum concentrations of fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG), HDL‐C (High‐density lipoprotein‐Cholesterol) and LDL‐C (Low‐density lipoprotein‐Cholesterol) were measured by the enzymatic method; blood pressure (BP), height and weight with stadiometers; and ANGPTL3 and 4 by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

The serum levels of ANGPTL3 was significantly different among our three groups (p = .000). In patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Group I), ANGPTL3 and 4 levels were lower than the control group.

The serum levels of the parameters evaluated in this study (except HDL‐C) was lower in the group II in comparison with the group I, and this difference was significant for TG, Chol, BP and BMI between these two groups. Also, our results revealed that there was a negative correlation between FBS, TG, Chol, LDL‐C and BMI with ANGPTL3 and 4. While, there was a significant positive correlation between ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL3.

Conclusion

Altogether, our findings suggest that the decreased levels of ANGPTL3 and 4 may be a causative factor for type 2 diabetes.