bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective Optimization of Milling Parameters for Ultrahigh‐Strength Steel AF1410 Based on the NSGA‐II Method
Authors: Xu Jin , Yan Fuwu , Li Yan , Yang Zhenchao , Li Long
Published: July 2020

In this paper, ultrahigh‐strength steel AF1410 was milled with the carbide tool, and a total of thirty experiments were performed based on central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology. The prediction models of milling force and surface roughness are established, respectively. The influence of milling parameters (milling speed, each tooth feed, radial depth of cut, and axial depth of cut) on milling force and surface roughness is studied by ANOVA and established prediction model. Multiobjective optimization of milling parameters is accomplished based on nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) with milling force, surface roughness, and material removal rate as optimization objectives. The surface roughness, cutting force, and material removal rate are important indexes to measure the energy consumed in the process of product, the surface machining quality, and machining efficiency of processing, respectively. In order to minimize milling force and surface roughness and maximize material removal rate, NSGA‐II was used for multiobjective optimization to obtain the optimal fitness value of the objective function. The NSGA‐II has been applied to obtain a set of optimal combination of parameters from the Pareto‐optimal solution set to enhance the machining conditions.
Detection of bla NDM-1 Encoding Imepenemase among the Imipenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Various Clinical Samples at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gautam S. , Bhattarai N. R. , Rai K. , Poudyal A. , Khanal B.
Published: July 2020

Background. Carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative isolates caused by the production of the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzyme is being increasingly reported worldwide. One of the newly emerged metallo-β-lactamases is New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase. Data regarding its occurrence in hospital setting and percentage prevalence among different Gram-negative bacterial isolates are lacking in our part. This study has been undertaken for determining the presence of the bla NDM-1 gene among the clinical isolates of imipenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care center in Dharan, Nepal. Methods. A total of 75 imipenem-resistant Gram-negative isolates were studied. These were screened for metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production by phenotypic assays such as double-disc synergy test (DDST) and combined disc diffusion test (CDDT). PCR was performed for the molecular detection of gene NDM-1. Ten-disc method was performed to detect the presence of ESBL, AmpC, carbapenamase, and K1 β-lactamase production. Results. Using the molecular method, bla NDM-1 was detected in 36% of the isolates. Phenotypically, double-disc synergy test (DDST) and combined disc diffusion test (CDST) detected MBL production in 38.7% and 37.3% of the isolates, respectively. Ten-disc method detected ESBL in 26.6% of the isolates, but none of the isolates was found to be AmpC, carbapenamase, and K1 β-lactamase producers. Conclusion. A high percentage of the NDM-1 producer was noted among imipenem-resistant GNB. Apart from performing only antimicrobial sensitivity test, phenotypic and molecular screening should be employed to find out the actual number of metallo-β-lactamase producers and the existence of the resistance gene.
Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Water Content on the Mechanical Properties of Coal under Conventional Triaxial Compression
Authors: Zhang Meichang , Nie Rongshan
Published: July 2020

The presence of water is one of the most important factors in coal mining, and it has a dual influence on the mechanical behavior of rock. To study the influence of water content on the mechanical properties of coal under complicated stress conditions, dry coal specimens and wet coal specimens with water contents of 1.8% and 3.6% were conducted by uniaxial and conventional triaxial compression tests. The relations between the uniaxial compressive strength, deformation, and water content were observed. The reductions in the strength and elastic modulus under different confining pressures were obtained. The mechanical properties of coal specimens with different water contents under triaxial compression were studied. The influences of water content on the microstructure, clay minerals, internal friction angle, and cohesive force of coal were discussed. The results show that the strengths and elastic moduli of wet specimens are clearly lower than those of dry specimens under different confining pressures. The water content has a significant influence on the postfailure mechanical behavior of coal. The loss rates of strength and elastic modulus decrease with increasing confining pressure. The water content has almost no effect on the internal friction angle, while the cohesive force of the saturated specimens is 36.5% lower than that of the dry specimens. The results can provide a reference for inhibiting the occurrence of disasters during coal mining and exploiting coal efficiently.
Investigation of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting via Nonlinear Friction-Induced Vibration
Authors: Wang D. W. , Liu M. X. , Wu X. , Qian W. J. , Ma Q. , Wu Z. Q.
Published: July 2020

In this work, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) performance via friction-induced vibration (FIV) is studied numerically. A nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom friction system (mass-on-belt) with piezoelectric elements, which simultaneously considers the stick-slip motion, model coupling instability, separation, and reattachment between the mass and belt, is proposed. Both complex eigenvalue analyses and transient dynamic analysis of this nonlinear system are carried out. Results show that it is feasible to convert FIV energy to electrical energy when the friction system is operating in the unstable vibration region. There exists a critical friction coefficient (μc) for the system to generate FIV and output visible voltage. The friction coefficient plays a significant role in affecting the dynamics and PEH performance of the friction system. The friction system is able to generate stronger vibration and higher voltage in the case that both the kinetic friction coefficient and static friction coefficient are larger thanμc. Moreover, it is seen that the separation behavior between contact pair can result in overestimating or underestimating the vibration magnitude and output voltage amplitude, and the overestimate or underestimate phenomenon is determined by the located range of friction coefficient. Furthermore, it is confirmed that an appropriate value of external resistance is beneficial for the friction system to achieve the highest output voltage. The obtained results will be beneficial for the design of PEH device by means of FIV.
Repair of Posterior Vaginal Wall Defect Using Biologic Graft for Stage III-POP-Q Pelvic Organ Prolapse in a Patient with History of a J-Pouch
Authors: Azadi Ali , Casey Stephanie , Ramanujam Paravasthu , Tehranchi Darya , Ostergard Donald
Published: July 2020

Surgical correction is considered in women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP). There is an expected increase in the prevalence of surgical correction due to an aging population within the United States. Individuals with previous colorectal surgery present a unique challenge considering the changes in pelvic anatomy. This case discusses the challenges of posterior colporrhaphy in a patient with previous, remote J-pouch surgery. In traditional posterior colporrhaphy, randomized controlled trials have not shown any benefit of graft augmentation (Maher, 2016). However, the utilization of a biologic graft to improve anatomical correction is discussed in this unique case. Short term anatomical success was obtained without immediate complications in the postoperative period. In a patient with a history of ulcerative colitis with colorectal resection and a J-pouch, surgery can be challenging due to alterations of pelvic anatomy. Modification of the standard surgical approach may be required to achieve success.
Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Outsourcing of 2D-DCT and 2D-IDCT
Authors: An Dezhi , Zhang Shengcai , Lu Jun , Li Yan
Published: July 2020

As a subset of discrete Fourier transform (DFT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), especially two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT), is an important mathematical tool for digital signal processing. However, the computational complexity of 2D-DCT is quite high, which makes it impossible to meet the requirements in some signal processing fields with large signal sizes. In addition, to optimize the 2D-DCT algorithm itself, seeking help from a cloud platform is considered to be an excellent alternative to dramatically speeding up 2D-DCT operations. Still, there are three key challenges in cloud computing outsourcing that need to be addressed, including protecting the privacy of input and output data, ensuring the correctness of the returned results, and ensuring adequate local cost savings. In this paper, we explore the design of a practical outsourcing protocol for 2D-DCT and 2D-IDCT, which well solves the above three challenges. Both theoretical analysis and simulation experiment results not only confirm the feasibility of the proposed protocol but also show its outstanding performance in efficiency.
Technological Features of Internet of Things in Medicine: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Behmanesh Ali , Sayfouri Nasrin , Sadoughi Farahnaz
Published: July 2020

Nowadays, applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) have been introduced in different fields of medicine to provide more efficient medical services to the patients. A systematic mapping study was conducted to answer ten research questions with the purposes of identifying and classifying the present medical IoT technological features as well as recognizing the opportunities for future developments. We reviewed how cloud, wearable technologies, wireless communication technologies, messaging protocols, security methods, development boards, microcontrollers, mobile/IoT operating systems, and programming languages have been engaged in medical IoT. Based on specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, 89 papers, published between 2000 and 2018, were screened and selected. It was found that IoT studies, with a publication rise between 2015 and 2018, predominantly dealt with the following IoT features: (a) wearable sensor types of chiefly accelerometer and ECG placed on 16 different body parts, especially the wrist (33%) and the chest (21%) or implanted on the bone; (b) wireless communication technologies of Bluetooth, cellular networks, and Wi-Fi; (c) messaging protocols of mostly MQTT; (d) utilizing cloud for both storing and analyzing data; (e) the security methods of encryption, authentication, watermark, and error control; (f) the microcontrollers belonging to Atmel ATmega and ARM Cortex-M3 families; (g) Android as the commonly used mobile operating system and TinyOS and ContikiOS as the commonly used IoT operating systems; (h) Arduino and Raspberry Pi development boards; and finally (i) MATLAB as the most frequently employed programming language in validation research. The identified gaps/opportunities for future exploration are, namely, employment of fog/edge computing in storage and processing big data, the overlooked efficient features of CoAP messaging protocol, the unnoticed advantages of AVR Xmega and Cortex-M microcontroller families, employment of the programming languages of Python for its significant capabilities in evaluation and validation research, development of the applications being supported by the mobile/IoT operating systems in order to provide connection possibility among all IoT devices in medicine, exploiting wireless communication technologies such as BLE, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, NFC, and 5G to reduce power consumption and costs, and finally uncovering the security methods, usually used in IoT applications, in order to make other applications more trustworthy.
Investigation of Mechanical Numerical Simulation and Expansion Experiment of Expandable Liner Hanger in Oil and Gas Completion
Authors: Chen Yong , Xiao Guo Ping , Zhong Wen Jian , Yi Hao
Published: July 2020

The expansion experiment of the expansion liner hanger is a one-time failure process, so in order to save cost, the finite element technology needs to be used to simulate the expansion experiment. Obtaining the mechanical parameters of the expansion liner hanger can effectively optimize the size of the expansion liner hanger structure and guide the expansion completion. Firstly, main structure and principle of expandable liner hanger were introduced. Secondly, mechanical equilibrium equations of the expandable process were established to obtain pressure of the expandable fluid, and pressure of the expandable fluid is obtained. Thirdly, finite element (FE) simulation mechanical model of the expansion of the Ø244.5 mm × Ø177.8 mm expandable liner hanger was established to analyze the hang mechanism and the change rule of mechanical parameters during the expansion. The FE results have shown that radial displacement and residual stress of the inner wall of hanger varied in 5 cycles, and the expansion ratio of the expandable tube was 7.4% during the expansion. The expansion force did not change stably but gradually increased in stages. And the hydraulic pressure required for the expandable cone to continuously move down was 18 MPa. According to the contact stress generated on five rubber cylinders and the contact stress generated on five metal collars, the total hang force has been calculated, which exceeds 1000 kN and meets the design requirements. Lastly, the expansion test results have shown that expansion pressure was 19 MPa, and the expansion rate was 7.1%. The mechanical analysis results of the expandable liner hanger were in good agreement with the experiment results in this study, which provide important mechanical parameters for well completion with expandable liner hanger.
Ceasing Antiquated Conceptions: A Telling of the Early and Evolving History of Epilepsy
Authors: Khalil Nadia , Benbadis Selim , Robertson Derrick
Published: July 2020

The word epilepsy is derived from the Greek word epilambanein, meaning “to seize.” This term came to embody the disease as early descriptions characterized seizures as events in which the faculties of the mind and body were “seized” from the individual. This notion of seizing the mind and body’s faculties has in essence remained a constant throughout the evolution of epilepsy. The theories elucidating the significance of the event, however, have surely shifted with the times, reflecting an elegant battle among magic, science, and theology. Subsequent advents in clinical observation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutics unfurled many mysteries of the brain and revolutionized prevailing theories, landing epilepsy as it is known today far beyond the primitive and highly supernatural notions that predominated in antiquity.
Reduction in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis and Collateral Damage With Pulsed Field Ablation Compared With Radiofrequency Ablation in a Canine Model
Authors: Howard Brian , Haines David E. , Verma Atul , Packer Douglas , Kirchhof Nicole , Barka Noah , Onal Birce , Fraasch Steve , Miklavčič Damijan , Stewart Mark T.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis is a highly morbid condition that can result after catheter ablation for PV isolation. We hypothesized that pulsed field ablation (PFA) would reduce PV stenosis risk and collateral injury compared with irrigated radiofrequency ablation (IRF).

Methods:

IRF and PFA deliveries were randomized in 8 dogs with 2 superior PVs ablated using one technology and 2 inferior PVs ablated using the other technology. IRF energy (25–30 W) or PFA was delivered (16 pulse trains) at each PV in a proximal and in a distal site. Contrast computed tomography scans were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12-week (termination) time points to monitor PV cross-sectional area at each PV ablation site.

Results:

Maximum average change in normalized cross-sectional area at 4-weeks was −46.1±45.1% post-IRF compared with −5.5±20.5% for PFA (
P
≤0.001). PFA-treated targets showed significantly fewer vessel restrictions compared with IRF (
P
≤0.023). Necropsy showed expansive PFA lesions without stenosis in the proximal PV sites, compared with more confined and often incomplete lesions after IRF. At the distal PV sites, only IRF ablations were grossly identified based on focal fibrosis. Mild chronic parenchymal hemorrhage was noted in 3 left superior PV lobes after IRF. Damage to vagus nerves as well as evidence of esophagus dilation occurred at sites associated with IRF. In contrast, no lung, vagal nerve, or esophageal injury was observed at PFA sites.

Conclusions:

PFA significantly reduced risk of PV stenosis compared with IRF postprocedure in a canine model. IRF also caused vagus nerve, esophageal, and lung injury while PFA did not.
Isolated Diastolic Hypertension in the UK Biobank
Authors: McGrath Brian P. , Kundu Prosenjit , Daya Natalie , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth , McEvoy John W. , Chatterjee Nilanjan
Published: July 2020

The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline defines hypertension as a blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg, whereas the 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and 2019 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines use a ≥140/90 mm Hg threshold. Our objective was to study the associations between isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), diagnosed using these 2 blood pressure thresholds, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a large cohort of UK adults. We analyzed data from UK Biobank, which enrolled participants between 2006 and 2010 with follow-up through March 2019. We excluded persons with systolic hypertension or baseline CVD. We defined incident CVD as a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. We used Cox regression to quantify associations between IDH and CVD, as well as the individual outcomes included in the composite outcome. We studied 151 831 participants with normal systolic blood pressure (mean age 54 years, 40% male). Overall, 24.5% had IDH by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association definition compared with 6% by the ESC/NICE definition. Compared with normal diastolic blood pressure, IDH by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association definition was not significantly associated with CVD risk (hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.98–1.18]) whereas IDH by the ESC/NICE definition was significantly associated with a modest increase in CVD (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.04–1.29]). Similar results were found by sex and among participants not taking baseline antihypertensives. Furthermore, neither IDH definition was associated with the individual outcomes of nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. In conclusion, the proportion of UK Biobank participants with IDH was significantly higher by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association definition compared with the ESC/NICE definitions; however, only the ESC/NICE definition was statistically associated with increased CVD risk.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Suppresses Action-Potential-Like Transient Spikes and Vasospasm in Small Resistance Arteries
Authors: Smith Josh F. , Lemmey Hamish A.L. , Borysova Lyudmyla , Hiley C. Robin , Dora Kim A. , Garland Christopher J.
Published: July 2020

Endothelial dysfunction in small arteries is a ubiquitous, early feature of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Dysfunction reflects reduced bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and depressed endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization that enhances vasoreactivity. We measured smooth muscle membrane potential and tension, smooth muscle calcium, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in small arteries and isolated tubes of endothelium to investigate how dysfunction enhances vasoreactivity. Rat nonmyogenic mesenteric resistance arteries developed vasomotion to micromolar phenylephrine (α
1
-adrenoceptor agonist); symmetrical vasoconstrictor oscillations mediated by L-type voltage-gated Ca
2+
channels (VGCCs). Inhibiting NO synthesis abolished vasomotion so nanomolar phenylephrine now stimulated rapid, transient depolarizing spikes in the smooth muscle associated with chaotic vasomotion/vasospasm. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization block also enabled phenylephrine-vasospasm but without spikes or chaotic vasomotion. Depolarizing spikes were Ca
2+
-based and abolished by either T-type or L-type VGCCs blockers with depressed vasoconstriction. Removing NO also enabled transient spikes/vasoconstriction to Bay K-8644 (L-type VGCC activator). However, these were abolished by the L-type VGCC blocker nifedipine but not T-type VGCC block. Phenylephrine also initiated T-type VGCC-transient spikes and enhanced vasoconstriction after NO loss in nonmyogenic arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. In contrast to mesenteric arteries, myogenic coronary arteries displayed transient spikes and further vasoconstriction spontaneously on loss of NO. T-type VGCC block abolished these spikes and additional vasoconstriction but not myogenic tone. Therefore, in myogenic and nonmyogenic small arteries, reduced NO bioavailability engages T-type VGCCs, triggering transient depolarizing spikes in normally quiescent vascular smooth muscle to cause vasospasm. T-type block may offer a means to suppress vasospasm without inhibiting myogenic tone mediated by L-type VGCCs.
Red algal diversity (Rhodophyta) from Peru based on molecular analysis

Authors: CALDERON MARTHA S. , BUSTAMANTE DANILO E. , BOO SUNG MIN
Published: July 2020

In Peru, an ongoing project has been to document the marine macroalgal biodiversity using molecular approaches because, to date, the Peruvian marine flora has been mostly characterized on the basis of morphological observations. We herein report on red algae collected along the coast of Peru, including specimens collected at historically important collecting sites, in order to provide a better understanding of Peruvian red algal diversity. Using phylogenetic analysis of rbcL DNA sequences, we report for the first time the occurrence of Nothogenia chilensis, Porphyra mumfordii, and Schizymenia dubyi in Peru. Results from molecular and morphological analysis of topotype material show that Chondracanthus glomeratus (M.Howe) Guiry is conspecific with C. chamissoi (C.Agardh) Kützing. Both Rhodymenia howeana E.Y.Dawson and R. multidigitata E.Y.Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik are proposed to be later taxonomic synonyms of R. corallina (Bory) Greville. Future studies will reveal more diversity of red algae from Peru with special emphasis on members of the family Bangiaceae, Delesseriaceae, and Lithophyllaceae.
Taxonomic placement of four confusable Crepidium species (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae) based on macro-and micro-morphological analyses, including a note on two new records to Peninsular Malaysia

Authors: BESI EDWARD ENTALAI , NIKONG DOME , MUSTAFA MUSKHAZLI , YONG CHRISTINA SEOK YIEN , GO RUSEA
Published: July 2020

Crepidium amplectens and Crepidium lowii are reported as two newly recorded Crepidium species belong to sect. Commelinodes from Peninsular Malaysia. The taxonomic affinity is discussed and validated involving another two of their complexes, Crepidium micranthum and Crepidium rheedei subsp. rheedei, to which they share some similar characteristics of the leaves and flowers. The comparative study was conducted based on a comprehensive description and clear photographic evidence of the macro-morphology and surface micro-morphology of the labellar and gymnostemium parts. This paper emphasizes the usefulness of diversity and distribution of ultrastructures and epicuticular sculpturing of the reproductive parts in delimiting the confusable and sympatric Crepidium species, and a brief note on the nectar or reward secretion in the genus with inference on the ecological adaptation and pollination strategies. Macro-morphologically, C. amplectens differs from C. lowii in having the leaves smaller, greenish and widely ovate. Individually, both species can be differentiated from C. micranthum based on the smaller flower and shorter labellum auricles, and inconspicuous gymnostemium stelidia. Micro-morphologically, C. amplectens is also distinguishable from C. lowii by having different diversity and distribution of the epicuticular ornamentation and papillae on the labellum and gymnostemium. Also, amongst the four studied species, only C. lowii has nectarostomata, occurring on the fovea or nectary.
On-site evaluation of a modified pultrusion process: Fibre spreading and resin injection-based impregnation
Authors: Irfan MS , Harris D , Paget MA , Ma T , Leek C , Machavaram VR , Fernando GF
Published: July 2020

The focus of the current research was to demonstrate a modified pultrusion technique at an industrial site using a commercial production machine. In this instance, the conventional resin bath was replaced by a custom-designed compact impregnation unit. The dimensions of the impregnator were 310 mm × 400 mm × 9 mm. The relatively short length of the impregnator, when compared to a 5 litre resin bath, meant that it had to be efficient in impregnating the reinforcing fibre bundles. This was achieved using a fibre spreading unit and a facility to inject the resin under low-pressure. The design basis for the fibre spreading unit and the impregnator are presented along with the methodology that was used to select the pultrusion speed and die temperature. The pultrusion experiments were performed using filled and unfilled vinyl ester resin and E-glass fibres. The profile of the 0.5 metre-long die was rectangular with dimensions of 32 mm × 2.2 mm. The fibre spreading unit and the impregnator were retrofitted to the pultrusion line with ease. The physical, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties were determined for the pultruded composites using the resin bath and the modified technique. The properties of the latter were found to be equivalent or marginally superior when compared to the resin bath-based production method. However, in the modified pultrusion technique, when compared to conventional resin bath-based pultrusion, the volume of waste resin generated was 97% lower. The volume of solvent required to clean the equipment after production was reduced by 90%.
The Consequences of Defeat: The Quest for Status and Morale in the Aftermath of War
Authors: Barnhart Joslyn
Published: July 2020

Studies of the effect of past actions have focused on yielding without a fight. What happens, however, when states fight and lose? This article assesses the effect of defeat on a state’s behavior and finds that recently defeated states are more likely to initiate disputes than are undefeated or victorious states or states that fight to a draw. This aggression comes at the expense of states responsible for defeat and third-party states uninvolved in the original defeat. The analysis below examines the validity of five potential explanations for postdefeat aggression, including models rooted in failed political objectives, an emotional desire for revenge and reputation-building and finds evidence in support for the latter two. These existing mechanisms fail, however, to explain a key finding—the systematic targeting of weaker, third-party states—which, I argue, is best explained by a desire to bolster the state’s status and confidence in the aftermath of defeat.
Biblical theology for oral-preference communities
Authors: Buchanan Andrew
Published: July 2020

Teaching in a non-individualist oral-preference culture in Indonesia, I have encountered the mismatch of theology developed for Western cultures and the needs of my students and their congregations that characterizes much postcolonial theological education. The use of proverbs and poetry as resources for theology addresses the need for theology to inspire and guide, but not the critical function of guarding responsible interpretation. Western theology has done the latter via abstraction of the biblical material into consistent propositional systems, an approach that also functions to inspire and guide for many of the highly literate people who developed Western theology. This connects with the deep Western philosophical tradition of finding order through abstraction, whereas oral and even literate Asian cultures create order through ritual. The Bible is not Western, however, and we show how the biblical story or theo-drama guides, guards, and inspires in a way that opens space for local theology. We then show how the identity of believers within this story is best developed for people in non-individualist cultures through ecclesial metaphors that in turn connect with divine metaphors. Three such “divine-ecclesial institutions” are sketched, namely family, kingdom, and cult. They shed light on missiological issues such as the priority of personal growth versus ritual observance. They provide a way of organizing the biblical material that offers a better starting point for the dialogue of contextualization than systematic Western theology.
The unique role of verbal memory, vocabulary, concentration and self-efficacy in children’s listening comprehension in upper elementary grades
Authors: de Bree Elise , Zee Marjolein
Published: July 2020

Listening comprehension is important for daily communication and at school, yet relatively little is known about the variables contributing to listening comprehension, especially in the upper elementary years. The aim of this study was to explore whether vocabulary, verbal memory, but also self-efficacy and self-reported concentration contribute to listening comprehension. The authors assessed oral text comprehension, as well as the concurrent contributors vocabulary, verbal short- and long-term memory, self-efficacy and concentration in a sample of 442 upper elementary school children (9- to 12-year-olds). Structural equation models were used to test for direct and indirect associations. The best-fitting model was an indirect model in which verbal short-term memory and self-efficacy were positively associated with children’s vocabulary. Vocabulary, in turn, was positively associated with children’s listening comprehension. Using bias-corrected bootstrap procedures, however, vocabulary appeared to mediate the association between academic self-efficacy and listening comprehension. The indirect association between verbal short-term memory and listening comprehension through vocabulary just missed significance. The findings relate to models of listening comprehension that state a dominant role for vocabulary, also in the upper elementary years. They imply that the models could extend to evaluating broader student-related resources, such as academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, the findings on general cognitive resources fit the pattern of mixed findings in previous research. Together, the results motivate further research into contributors to listening comprehension throughout the elementary years.
Adsorptive removal of phosphate by a Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite sorbent: Adsorption capacity, influence factors, and mechanism
Authors: Zhu Yuanrong , Yue Xianming , Xie Fazhi
Published: July 2020

Reducing input of phosphorus is the key step for control of eutrophication and algal blooming in freshwater lakes. Adsorption technology is a cost-effective technology for phosphate removal in water for the purpose. Thus, in this study, a novel Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite sorbent was developed, and then evaluated for phosphate removal. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity could be approached to 61.80 mg g−1 at 25°C under pH of 6.03. Adsorption of phosphate by Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbent fitted better by pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model, which suggested that the adsorption process was surface chemical reactions and mainly in a monolayer coverage manner. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic process. The phosphate removal gradually decreased with the increasing of pH from 3.02 to 11.00. The sequence of coexisting anions competing with phosphates was that CO32− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Dissolved organic matter, fulvic acid as a representative, would also decrease adsorption capacities of phosphate by Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbents. Adsorption capacity would be decreased with increasing addition of adsorbents, while removal efficiency would be increased in this process. The Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbent showed a good reusability when applied to removal of dissolved phosphate from aqueous solutions. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that some hydroxyl groups (–OH) on the surface of adsorbent were replaced by the adsorbed PO43−, HPO42−, or H2PO4−. Aggregative results showed that the novel Fe–Mn–La tri-mental composite sorbent is a very promising adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions.
Direct and indirect effects of parental involvement, deviant peer affiliation, and school connectedness on prosocial behaviors in U.S. Latino/a youth
Authors: Maiya Sahitya , Carlo Gustavo , Gülseven Zehra , Crockett Lisa
Published: July 2020

Parental involvement has been associated with increased adolescent prosocial behaviors, but we know little about the peer and school-level explanatory mechanisms behind these associations. The current study aimed to examine the intervening roles of deviant peer affiliation and school connectedness in links between parental involvement and prosocial behaviors among U.S. Latino/a adolescents. Participants included 306 U.S. Latino/a adolescents ( Mage = 15.50 years, SD = .42 years, 46% girls, 81.0% U.S. Mexican) from communities in the Northern Great Plains, who reported on parental involvement, deviant peer affiliation, school connectedness, and prosocial behaviors. Path analyses showed that parental involvement was directly and indirectly related to prosocial behaviors via both deviant peer affiliation and school connectedness. Parental involvement was related to lesser deviant peer affiliation, which was in turn related to greater school connectedness, which was further related to higher prosocial behaviors. The discussion focuses on the importance of studying the interplay of parent, peer, and school factors in understanding prosocial behaviors among U.S. Latino/a youth.
How do offshoring-related changes in job characteristics affect onshore managers’ affective organizational commitment? The moderating role of perceived organizational valence
Authors: Zimmermann Angelika , Lioliou Eleni , Oliveira João S
Published: July 2020

Offshoring—the transfer of work activities to providers in offshore countries—has for some time affected the nature of work in onshore locations. Not much is however known about the reactions of onshore job incumbents to such changes. In this article, we use a survey of UK firms to examine the relationship between perceived changes in onshore managers’ work characteristics induced by information systems offshoring and managers’ affective organizational commitment. We found that a perceived increase in onshore managers’ job complexity was associated with higher affective organizational commitment only if managers also perceived organizational valence, that is, only if they believed that information systems offshoring benefited their organization. A perceived increase in cross-cultural work was associated with higher affective organizational commitment, and this association was positively moderated by managers’ perceptions of organizational valence. Using the offshoring context, our findings provide insights into consequences of contemporary changes in the nature of work in developed countries and to explain the diverse reactions of onshore job incumbents to such changes.
The effectiveness of pulsed ultrasound treatment on pain, function, synovial sac thickness and femoral cartilage thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind clinical, controlled study
Authors: Karakaş Ali , Dilek Banu , Şahin M Abdulkerim , Ellidokuz Hülya , Şenocak Özlem
Published: July 2020

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the efficacy of therapeutic pulsed ultrasound on pain, function, synovial sac and femoral cartilage in knee osteoarthritis.

Design:

Randomized, double-blind, controlled study

Setting:

Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Subjects:

A total of 96 patients with knee osteoarthritis

Interventions:

Participants were randomized into two groups; Group I ( n = 48, pulsed ultrasound) and Group II ( n = 48, sham ultrasound). The sessions were held three times a week for 8 weeks. The study continued for 12 weeks (with 4 weeks follow-up). All participants performed exercises at home for 12 weeks.

Main measures:

Knee pain (at rest and ADLs) was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) questionnaire. Femoral cartilage and synovial sac thickness was measured using ultrasonography. All evaluations were performed at the baseline, at the 8 and 12 weeks after baseline.

Results:

The study was completed with a total of 75 patients ( n = 39 in group I and n = 36 in group II). The mean (SD) pain at ADLs score at baseline and week 12 was 7.2 (2.1), with 3.6 (2.9) in the group I, and 6.7 (2.0) and 4.3 (2.2) in the group II, respectively. Both groups presented significant improvements in terms of pain and function ( P < 0.001). There was no difference between groups for any parameters.

Conclusion:

Treatment of pulsed ultrasound has no positive effect on knee pain, function, femoral cartilage and synovial sac thickness in knee osteoarthritis.
Iron Deficiency and Its Role in Sleep Disruption in Patients With Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Ryan Conor S. , Edlund Wendy , Mandrekar Jay , Wong-Kisiel Lily C. , Gavrilova Ralitza H. , Kotagal Suresh
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To determine if Angelman syndrome patients with sleep complaints have an increased risk of iron deficiency, and if iron therapy improves their sleep difficulties.

Background:

About two-thirds of Angelman syndrome patients experience sleep difficulties, which are likely multifactorial. Because iron deficiency can contribute toward restlessness in sleep, we investigated whether it might be a contributing factor in this special population.

Methods:

This retrospective study involved medical record review of Angelman syndrome patients <18 years old who had attended our multidisciplinary Angelman syndrome clinic and had sleep complaints. Serum ferritin levels were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Sleep history and nocturnal polysomnogram findings of the Angelman syndrome patients were also characterized.

Results:

Nineteen Angelman syndrome patients (9 female, mean age 6.2±4.4 years) were identified. All 19 reported sleep difficulties. The mean serum ferritin level was 19.9±8.5 μg/L, while that in controls was 27.8±17.8 μg/L ( P value .13). The odds ratio of iron deficiency in Angelman syndrome compared to controls was 4.17 (95% confidence interval 1.23-14.10), using normal serum ferritin level of 24 μg/L based on literature. Fifteen Angelman syndrome patients underwent nocturnal polysomnogram with 9/15 showing an elevated periodic limb movement index (overall mean 9.8±10.4). Seventeen of 19 received iron therapy. Twelve had follow-up after iron therapy, with parents reporting improved sleep quality. Eight had serum ferritin levels rechecked after iron therapy, showing a mean increase of 24±5.1 μg/L.

Conclusions:

Sleep difficulties in Angelman syndrome, though multifactorial, may in part be related to iron deficiency. Treatment with iron improved sleep to a modest degree in this population.
Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Kaushik Shubhi , Villacres Sindy , Eisenberg Ruth , Medar Shivanand S.
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

To describe the incidence of and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and study the effect of AKI on patient outcomes.

Design:

A single-center retrospective study.

Setting:

A tertiary care children’s hospital.

Patients:

All patients less than 18 years of age who received invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and developed ARDS between July 2010 and July 2013 were included. Acute kidney injury was defined using p-RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage renal disease) criteria.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

One hundred fifteen children met the criteria and were included in the study. Seventy-four children (74/115, 64%) developed AKI. The severity of AKI was risk in 34 (46%) of 74, injury in 19 (26%) of 74, and failure in 21 (28%) of 74. The presence of AKI was associated with lower Pao 2 to Fio 2 (P/F) ratio ( P = .007), need for inotropes ( P = .003), need for diuretics ( P = .004), higher oxygenation index ( P = .03), higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; P = .01), higher mean airway pressure ( P = .008), and higher Fio 2 requirement ( P = .03). Only PEEP and P/F ratios were significantly associated with AKI in the unadjusted logistic regression model. Patients with AKI had a significantly longer duration of hospital stay, although there was no significant difference in the intensive care unit stay, duration of MV, and mortality. Recovery of AKI occurred in 68% of the patients. A multivariable model including PEEP, P/F ratio, weight, need for inotropes, and need for diuretics had a better receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an AUC of 0.75 compared to the ROC curves for PEEP only and P/F ratio only for the prediction of AKI.

Conclusions:

Patients with ARDS have high rates of AKI, and its presence is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
District support of alternative permit teachers for increasing efficacy and retention
Authors: Harrington Lisa , Walsh Nichole
Published: July 2020

With a rise of alternative permit (AltPermit) teachers coming to education, many have little to no preparation or self-efficacy for the demands needed to support all learners. Low teacher efficacy is associated with high rates of attrition. As a result, districts throughout the United States struggle to retain the teachers they recruit and hire for these hard-to-fill positions. Using a mixed-methods approach, teacher efficacy and retention of AltPermit P-12 new hires is examined in one of the largest districts in California. The district provided year-long supports to impact teacher efficacy and retention. Although survey results did not show a statistically significant impact on teacher efficacy, document analysis indicated positive retention trends and recruitment of more ethnically diverse teachers as compared to the district’s overall teacher population. Interviews illustrated positive perceptions of district supports as a means to increase teacher efficacy and job retention, particularly for special education teachers.
Analysis and research on vehicle wading performance
Authors: Xin Zheng , Donghai Su
Published: July 2020

With the inclusion of the effects from wheels rotation, vehicle wading phenomenon was simulated using computational fluid dynamics tools and compared with road wading test. The new method utilizing the volume of fluid model to simulate the two-phase (water and air) flow when vehicle wades, Reynolds-Averaging Navier–Stokes simulation with both Realizable and shear stress transport turbulent models were conducted and the results indicated that the essential features of vehicle wading phenomenon were captured accurately. A relatively better correlation is achieved between computational fluid dynamics analysis and road test when shear stress transport turbulent model was utilized compared to using Realizable turbulent model. With the addition of the wheel rotation effects in vehicle wading simulation, the potential risks of water intrusion into the critical chassis and electronic components can be early detected and the frequent late design changes can be avoided. The new approach adopted in this study with VOF model and RANS simulation with SST turbulent model has shown that the benefits of shorter vehicle development cycles and parts warranty cost reduction. Thus, the results from computational fluid dynamics simulation with wheel rotation effects included can serve as the design guidance for any future vehicle wading developments.
Australian military and veterans’ mental health care: improving assessment of military personnel and veterans
Authors: Wallace Duncan , Lane Jonathan , Heffernan Kristi , Nas Jones Carolyn
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To describe key practical knowledge and skill components required for clinicians involved with the assessment of military personnel and veterans.

Conclusions:

Assessment of military and veterans’ mental health issues involves a tailored history-taking process that includes specific aspects of service, transition and reporting requirements. Recommendations for the detailed assessment of military personnel and veterans are provided. Comorbid conditions, chronic pain and the needs of both women and older veterans are also discussed.
The Experiences of Bereaved Parents After the Loss of a Child to Cancer: A Qualitative Metasynthesis
Authors: Polita Naiara Barros , de Montigny Francine , Neris Rhyquelle Rhibna , Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Silva-Rodrigues Fernanda Machado , Leite Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: July 2020

This study aims to synthesize qualitative evidence about the bereavement experience of parents following the death of a child due to cancer. A qualitative metasynthesis was conducted from searching five databases. The search identified 650 articles that were independently assessed by two reviewers. Thirty-one articles were selected for full-text reading and assessed for eligibility; a total of 14 articles were included in the final sample and submitted to quality appraisal. The software NVivo® was used to organize the data and support the thematic analysis procedures. Two analytical themes were constructed: (1) losing a child and facing a rupture in identity and sense of life and (2) surviving grief and reengaging in life. The grief process was dynamic, continuous, and begun before the death of the child. Fathers and mothers reacted differently to the loss and experience of grief. The loss of a child definitively changed the parents’ life and caused identity crisis and loss of life’s purpose. During the process of survival, parents constructed new meanings that helped them cope with grief; they used strategies that allowed them to recover their sense of purpose in life. Synthesizing the experience of bereaved parents is essential to improve the support families of children with advanced cancer receive to better cope with their suffering and loss, before and after the child’s death.
Individualizing Literacy Instruction in Co-Taught Classrooms Through a Station Teaching Model
Authors: Lyon Cheryl , Hogan Erin K. , Kearns Devin M.
Published: July 2020

The Project CALI (Content Area Literacy Instruction) instructional framework is designed to enhance reading comprehension for all students, those with disabilities as well as their typically developing peers, in inclusive co-taught middle school content-area classrooms. For students with and at-risk for disabilities, even well-designed, research-based, and whole-class instruction often leads to inadequate improvement in reading comprehension and thus learning of content material. In CALI, teachers use student data to determine which students need more support and targeted, individualized instruction, and by contrast, which students may benefit from opportunities to extend their learning with more challenging texts and student-managed work. This article provides guidance for designing and implementing customizable lessons using station-teaching to individualize instruction. The Project CALI student support model is the final instructional piece of the CALI instructional framework.