bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The challenges facing corporate universities in dealing with open innovation
Authors: Rhéaume Louis , Gardoni Mickaël
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to illustrate the quick rise in the popularity of corporate universities since the 1990s. Because knowledge management is becoming imperative to the survival and growth of firms in most industries, better management of corporate universities is becoming more and more critical. The purpose of this paper is to analyze three objectives: Why invest in corporate universities? Which model to adopt? and What are the key challenges facing corporate universities in dealing with the adoption of an open innovation approach?

Design/methodology/approach

– The article provides a general review of corporate universities dealing with open innovation by using a creative synthesis.

Findings

– This paper analyzes the challenges involved in the development of corporate universities and examines how they can deal with open innovation. While few corporate universities have a real strategic role, several initiatives have failed or have been seriously compromised. To create competitive advantages through a corporate university, upper management must dedicate significant resources and have a plan for building the corporate curriculum in order to deal with innovation management.

Research limitations/implications

– Due to the lack of scientific articles on the topic, most of the published articles made by practitioners was used. Further studies are needed to test the recommendations and models.

Practical implications

– This paper identifies some development models and growth avenues for corporate universities. It helps provide an understanding of the challenges associated with open innovation as well as their limits.

Originality/value

– It is among the first papers to link the development of corporate universities with the open innovation approach. It also provides practical advice for managers and academics.
Learning clinical skills during bedside teaching encounters in general practice
Authors: Ajjawi Rola , Rees Charlotte , Monrouxe Lynn V
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore how opportunities for learning clinical skills are negotiated within bedside teaching encounters (BTEs). Bedside teaching, within the medical workplace, is considered essential for helping students develop their clinical skills.

Design/methodology/approach

– An audio and/or video observational study examining seven general practice BTEs was undertaken. Additionally, audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. All data were transcribed. Data analysis comprised Framework Analysis informed by Engeström’s Cultural Historical Activity Theory.

Findings

– BTEs can be seen to offer many learning opportunities for clinical skills. Learning opportunities are negotiated by the participants in each BTE, with patients, doctors and students playing different roles within and across the BTEs. Tensions emerged within and between nodes and across two activity systems.

Research limitations/implications

– Negotiation of clinical skills learning opportunities involved shifts in the use of artefacts, roles and rules of participation, which were tacit, dynamic and changing. That learning is constituted in the activity implies that students and teachers cannot be fully prepared for BTEs due to their emergent properties. Engaging doctors, students and patients in reflecting on tensions experienced and the factors that influence judgements in BTEs may be a useful first step in helping them better manage the roles and responsibilities therein.

Originality/value

– The paper makes an original contribution to the literature by highlighting the tensions inherent in BTEs and how the negotiation of roles and division of labour whilst juggling two interacting activity systems create or inhibit opportunities for clinical skills learning. This has significant implications for how BTEs are conceptualised.
Learning opportunities in rheumatology practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Neher Margit Saskia , Ståhl Christian , Nilsen Per
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore what opportunities for learning practitioners in rheumatology perceive of in their daily practice, using a typology of workplace learning to categorize these opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach

– Thirty-six practitioners from different professions in rheumatology were interviewed. Data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis with a directed approach, and were categorized according to a typology of formal and informal learning.

Findings

– The typology was adjusted to fit the categories resulting from the analysis. Further analysis showed that work processes with learning as a by-product in general, and relationships with other people in the workplace in particular, were perceived as important for learning in the workplace. The use of many recognized learning opportunities was lower. Barriers for learning were a perceived low leadership awareness of learning opportunities and factors relating to workload and the organization of work.

Research limitations/implications

– The generalizability of results from all qualitative inquiries is limited by nature, and the issue of transferability to other contexts is for the reader to decide. Further studies will need to confirm the results of the study, as well as the proposed enhancement of the typology with which the results were categorized.

Practical implications

– The study highlights the importance of relationships in the workplace for informal learning in rheumatology practice. In the clinical context, locally adapted strategies at organizational and individual levels are needed to maximize opportunities for both professional and interprofessional informal learning, taking the importance of personal relationships into account. The findings also suggest a need for increased continuing professional education in the specialty.

Originality/value

– The workplace learning typology that was used in the study showed good applicability to empirical health-care study data, but may need further development. The study confirmed that informal workplace learning is an important part of learning in rheumatology. Further studies are needed to clarify how informal and formal learning in the rheumatology clinic may be supported in workplaces with different characteristics.
Antecedents of shared leadership: empowering leadership and interdependence
Authors: Fausing Maj Schoeler , Joensson Thomas Skriver , Lewandowski Joshua , Bligh Michelle
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– Shared leadership describes leadership as a collective and reciprocal activity distributed among the members of a team (Carsonet al., 2007). The purpose of this paper is to investigate variables assumed to be antecedents for this leadership approach. In particular, the authors examine the importance of external empowering leadership and task and goal interdependence for shared leadership as well as the relationship between shared leadership and team performance.

Design/methodology/approach

– In order to test the hypotheses, the authors applied structural equation modeling using a field sample of 81 knowledge and manufacturing teams from a Danish company.

Findings

– Results indicated that an external empowering team leader and interdependence in the team significantly predicted the extent of shared leadership, which, in turn, was positively related to team leader ratings of team performance.

Research limitations/implications

– Overall, the study supports previous findings that the act of sharing leadership in a team may contribute to increased team performance. In addition, the study provides an initial understanding of antecedent conditions for the successful development of shared leadership. However, as the study was cross-sectional and conducted within a single organization, care must be taken in making causal claims or in generalizing the results without additional evidence.

Originality/value

– Few studies focus on the antecedents of sharing leadership. The authors obtained evidence, which suggests that the development of shared leadership may depend on the presence of an empowering team leader as well as task and goal interdependence in the team.
Pedagogical issues: Towards culturally responsive teaching strategies at Morris University
Authors: Akella Devi
Published: May 2015

Nina, a 30-year old Asian Indian female, joined Morris University in the fall 2006 semester after completing her doctorate. She was an instructor and course designer at this historical black institution in a rural town in the southern part of the US. Ninety percent of the students and staff of Morris University (MU) were African-American. MU was committed to the objective of educating African-American youth and the concept of “students first” was one of its core institutional values. Nina's experience teaching an organizational learning course was very unpleasant. Her student evaluations were poor with harsh comments about her and the course. Nina was asked by the department head to prepare a teaching improvement plan for herself.
Philosopher's Wool Co.: SME Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Global Economy
Authors: Weismann Miriam F.
Published: May 2015

Small to medium-sized enterprises, SMEs, play a critical role in the global economy. They comprise 90% of the global firm population and employ more than 50% of the labor force in the private sector. This case study examines issues related to sustainable supply chain management and social entrepreneurship in the SME context. Being small does matter and the efficiencies of small to medium-sized companies struggling for competitive advantage in the global marketplace warrants consideration. Philosopher's Wool Co., located in Inverhuron, Ontario, Canada, is a woolen producer and woolens product manufacturer that partners with other Ontario wool producers and American wool processors and distributors. Its sustainable vertical supply chain system increased local woolen farmers' revenues contrary to the “conventional” price wisdom in the Canadian woolen industry and turned by-product cost into profitable end use. It also effected social change in its local business community and in global customer relations through resource efficiency and socially responsible employee and consumer policies. However, the struggle to maintain a foreign distribution network and remain competitive and profitable was problematic. Students are challenged to solve the problems of an SME operating in a global economy.
Calling Dr. Fun: The struggle to implement a motivating reward system in a small S-Corporation1
Authors: Hess Kathleen P.
Published: May 2015

Susan works for a small S-Corporation that is experiencing issues with its incentive program. Specifically, employees find that the company's incentive program is rather ambiguous and confusing. Susan is in a position to do something about it but she is not sure what to do. Students are challenged to design an incentive program for the small company. This case exercise is appropriate for undergraduate students in Organizational Behavior or Management courses and should coincide with discussions of motivation and employee incentives. This case is based on the author's personal experiences.
The Competitive Environment of the US Domestic Airline Industry in 2010
Authors: Parthasarthy Raghavan , Gopinath C.
Published: May 2015

The competitive landscape of the U.S. domestic airlines dramatically changed when the industry was deregulated in 1978. While airline traffic and revenues grew exponentially, aided by unfettered market competition and resulting efficiency, airline profitability had mostly stayed lackluster due to cost pressures, chronic oversupply of seats, and intense price-based rivalry to fill seats. Thirty-two years into deregulation, the major airlines were still searching for the Holy Grail that would defend them against industry threats and deliver sustained profitability. This case describes the evolution of the U.S. domestic airline industry over the years, the cost pressures and revenue uncertainties airlines faced at the beginning of 2010, and the strategic options they were contemplating to effectively deal with these issues. The options ranged from shaping the industry structure to achieving differentiation through service offerings. The exact choices they made would determine their survival and long-term success.
Decreased TLR2 signal expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell from patients with cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Tingting , Kong Wei , Zhang Weiwei , Gu Mingli , Chen Yan , Deng Anmei , Chen Sunxiao
Published: May 2015

Toll‐like receptors are the most important pattern recognition receptors that can recognize conserved molecular structures shared by large groups of pathogens. Here, the aim was to determine the expression and role of TLR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with cryptococcal meningitis and healthy controls. TLR2 expression was measured using RT‐PCR and western blotting. The role of TLR2 in cytokine production by PBMCs after Cryptococcus neoformans exposure was assessed in healthy controls prior to incubation with anti‐TLR2. TLR2 mRNA and protein expression were both weaker in patients with cryptococcal meningitis than in healthy controls. Furthermore, pre‐incubation of PBMCs from healthy donors with anti‐TLR2 led to reduced expression of IFN‐γ and IL‐12p70, but not of IL‐4 and IL‐10, following C. neoformans stimulation. Our results suggest that impaired expression of TLR2 may be involved in defective host defense to C. neoformans through an attenuated Th1 response.
Teaching the Post-September 11 Wars to the Post-September 11 Generation
Authors: Ettinger Aaron
Published: May 2015

How do you teach the politics of the post-September 11 wars to the post-September 11 generation? Students passing through undergraduate programs in political science in the middle of the current decade were young children on September 11, and they have never known a world without the politics of the post-September 11 wars roiling in the background. In that sense, the post-September 11 wars have been an ordinary, perhaps even unexceptional, part of their emerging political consciousness. Now, as these students reach the undergraduate level, they are presented with an IR curriculum that is deeply inscribed with the effects of events that, for them, do not have the resonance of lived experience. What IR teachers should be cognizant of is that the further away a generation gets from the core events, often the less general knowledge can be presumed. In this research paper, I explain techniques used to teach the post-September 11 Wars while reflecting on the pedagogical challenges and surprising outcomes of teaching a course on this topic.
Optimisation of probiotic yoghurt production enriched with phytosterols
Authors: Parsa Parinaz , Alizadeh Mohammad , Rezazad Bari Mahmoud , Akbarian Moghar Ali
Published: May 2015

To optimise the formulation of phytosterol‐enriched probiotic yoghurt, the effect of different concentrations of phytosterols, fat and the probiotic inoculation rate on the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB‐12 and physicochemical indices over 14 days of storage was explored. Data analysis showed that the phytosterol concentration and fat content were two crucial factors affecting probiotic viability. Addition of phytosterols had no adverse effect on the overall scores for sensory attributes. Regarding maximisation of viability and storage time, the optimum conditions were found to be fat = 8.07% (w/v), phytosterol = 18 g/L, probiotic inoculation rate = 71.42 mg/L and storage time = 12 days.
Temporal variation of milk fat globule diameter, fat and cholesterol content and milk epithelial cell gene expression in dairy cows
Authors: Altenhofer Christian , Holzmüller Wolfgang , Wolfertstetter Franziska , Wolfschoon Ribeiro Daniela , Kulozik Ulrich , Pfaffl Michael W. , Viturro Enrique
Published: May 2015

It was possible to show a connection between the temporal variation of milk fat globule diameter, fat and cholesterol content in milk and the expression of candidate genes in the mammary gland epithelial cells in milk. The beginning of lactation corresponded with higher levels of fat and cholesterol in the milk as a result of a higher expression of key enzymes in the purified bovine milk epithelial cells, paralleled with an increase in milk fat globule mean size.
Soybean oil prevents peritoneal adhesions without impairing colonic anastomotic healing
Authors: Dag Ahmet , Colak Tahsin , Koc Okay , Ayaz Lokman , Comelekoglu Ulku , Serinsoz‐Pfeiffer Ebru
Published: May 2015

Aim

Adhesion formation could potentially result in significant morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we investigated the role of soybean oil in the prevention of peritoneal adhesions and its effect on the anastomotic healing process.

Patients and Methods

A total of 40 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group A, adhesion induction method; group B, adhesion induction method with administration of soybean oil; group C, colonic anastomosis method; and group D, colonic anastomosis method with administration of soybean oil. Adhesions were scored on postoperative day 7. Anastomotic healing was assessed by determining anastomotic bursting pressure (ABP), tissue hydroxyproline content and the histopathological examination. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were determined to evaluate cellular response to injury.

Results

The difference in mean values between saline‐ and soybean oil‐treated groups, using both the adhesion method and colonic anastomosis method, were statistically significant (P = 0.0003, P = 0.009). Soybean oil administration resulted in no significant difference in terms of ABP and histopathological scores (P = 0.694 and P = 0.246, respectively). Tissue hydroxyproline content was increased significantly with soybean oil administration (P = 0.001). Mean MDA, NO and MPO levels were significantly decreased in the soybean‐administered colonic anastomosis group (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.002, and respectively). In the soybean‐administered adhesion group, mean MDA, NO and MPO levels were lower than in the control group, but the differences were not significant (P = 0.113, P = 0.958, and P = 0.597, respectively).

Conclusion

Soybean oil administration intraperitoneally has been shown to prevent adhesion formation effectively without impairing the colonic anastomotic healing process.
Patient satisfaction and complication rate after mastectomy with immediate two‐stage breast reconstruction as compared to mastectomy without immediate breast reconstruction
Authors: van Vuuren Timme M.A.J. , van Haaren Elizabeth R.M. , vd Kar Theo J. , Kortleve Johannes W. , Scheeren Clarissa I.E.
Published: May 2015

Aim

The aesthetic result of breast cancer surgery plays an important role in patient satisfaction and quality of life. In patients with mastectomy, immediate breast reconstruction can improve overall satisfaction.

Patients and Methods

All eligible patients with or without breast reconstruction between January 2008 and July 2011 were sent a questionnaire about satisfaction, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). These findings were related to the incidence and type of complications, as collected by chart review.

Results

In the mastectomy group, women were in general satisfied, but less so than women with a breast reconstruction. Women in the mastectomy group with a HADS > 11 were significantly less satisfied (P = 0.044). Risk factors for the occurrence of complications in the reconstruction group mainly consisted of age > 60 years, body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 and past radiation therapy.

Conclusion

Patients with an immediate breast reconstruction by tissue expander, followed by permanent prosthesis, are generally satisfied and would opt for this treatment again. Women with an age of > 60 years, BMI > 25 kg/m2 and past radiation therapy should be adequately informed of the consequences and risks when choosing immediate breast reconstruction.
Endoscopic thyroid lobectomy using bilateral axillo‐breast approach: Surgical techniques and outcomes
Authors: Liu Shirley Yuk‐Wah , Wong Simon Kin‐Hung , Chiu Philip Wai‐Yan , Ng Enders Kwok‐Wai
Published: May 2015

Aim

The aim of the present study was to report our surgical technique and perioperative outcomes of endoscopic thyroid lobectomy using the bilateral axillo‐breast approach (BABA).

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively‐collected data on consecutive female patients who underwent BABA endoscopic unilateral thyroid lobectomy for indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Results

Between July 2012 and July 2014, 18 patients with a mean age of 37.9 ± 14.4 years received BABA endoscopic right (n = 12) and left (n = 6) thyroid lobectomy for nodules with atypia of undetermined significance (n = 7), follicular lesion of undetermined significance (n = 6) and follicular neoplasm (n = 5) in our unit. The mean nodule size was 23.6 ± 9.7 mm. All operations were successfully accomplished with no conversion to open procedures. The mean operating time was 155.9 ± 34.9 min. Intraoperative blood loss was negligible in all patients (below 10 mL). There was no postoperative haemorrhage, wound hematoma or iatrogenic parathyroid injury. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in one patient (5.6 per cent), whose condition completely recovered after 6 months. The mean hospital stay was 2.5 ± 0.7 days. At 6 months after surgery, the mean cosmetic satisfaction score was 94.4 ± 12.4 out of 100. Chronic anterior chest wall pain and chest wall paresthesia was only reported in one respective patient (5.6 per cent).

Conclusion

BABA is a feasible and cosmetically‐excellent technique in performing endoscopic thyroid lobectomy. It should be recommended for eligible patients who have strong desire on cosmetic outcomes.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia presented with multiple brain abscesses and renal abscess in a Chinese patient: A case report
Authors: Li Lai‐Fung , Law Hing‐Yuen , Hung Wai‐Man , Fok Kam‐Fuk , Fong Dawson To‐Sang
Published: May 2015

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), or Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by recurrent epistaxis, multiple telangiectasia and visceral vascular malformations. Brain abscess is a common presentation secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in HHT patients. The prevalence of HHT in the Chinese population is not known, and is not commonly report. Here, we report on a Chinese patient who suffered from HHT and presented with multiple brain abscesses and a renal abscess. Upon further investigation of the patient's medical history and a physical examination, it was found that he had recurrent epistaxis and telangiectasia over his tongue, as well as fingers. Subsequent examination found pulmonary and hepatic AVM. He had a fair recovery after treatment of brain abscesses and pulmonary AVM. We believe HHT is underreported in the Chinese population. Simple history taking and physical examination in patients with a brain abscess can aid diagnosis and prevent complications with prophylactic treatment.
Assessment of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy with Serum YKL‐40 and ultrasonography in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Dündar Ümit , Aşık Gülşah , Ulaşlı Alper Murat , Sınıcı Şükrü , Yaman Fatima , Solak Özlem , Toktaş Hasan , Eroğlu Selma
Published: May 2015

Aim

The use of biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA) have potential for early diagnosis, evaluation of disease severity and monitoring treatment. Serum and synovial fluid YKL‐40 levels are increased in severe knee OA. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a novel treatment method for OA. However, studies evaluating the PEMF therapy in treatment of knee OA revealed conflicting results. This study was conducted to objectively assess the effect of PEMF therapy in patients with knee OA, by using ultrasonographic measurements and a novel biomarker, YKL‐40.

Methods

Forty patients were randomized into two treatment groups. Both groups received conventional physical therapy, while Group 1 received additional PEMF therapy. The patients were asked to rate their pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and complete a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnairre. Serum YKL‐40 levels were measured, and knee effusion and cartilage degeneration level were evaluated with ultrasonography before and after treatment.

Results

Pre‐treatment YKL‐40 level was correlated with WOMAC pain subscale (P = 0.032, r = 0.339). VAS and WOMAC scores significantly improved in both treatment groups (P < 0.05). The effusion in the right knee significantly decreased in Group 1. The change in YKL‐40 level was not correlated with the change in VAS, WOMAC scores and knee effusion.

Conclusion

This study revealed that adjuvant PEMF therapy has no additional effect on pain in patients with knee OA. Serum YKL‐40 level seems to be unuseful for monitoring the treatment in knee OA.
Fluid absorption and the ethanol monitoring method
Authors: Hahn R. G.
Published: May 2015

Background

Fluid absorption is a well‐known complication of endoscopic surgeries, such as transurethral prostatic resection and transcervical endometrial resection. Absorption of electrolyte‐free fluid in excess of 1 L, which occurs in 5% to 10% of the operations, markedly increases the risk of adverse effects from the cardiovascular and neurological systems. Absorption of isotonic saline, which is used with the new bipolar resection technique, will change the scenario of adverse effects in a yet unknown way. Hyponatremia no longer occurs, but marking the saline with ethanol reveals that fluid absorption occurs just as much as with monopolar prostate resections.

Methods

Ethanol monitoring is a method for non‐invasive indication and quantification of fluid absorption that has been well evaluated. By using an irrigating fluid that contains 1% of ethanol, updated information about fluid absorption can be obtained at any time perioperatively by letting the patient breathe into a hand‐held alcolmeter.

Results

Regression equations and nomograms with variable complexity are available for estimating how much fluid has been absorbed, both when the alcolmeter is calibrated to show the blood ethanol level and when it is calibrated to show the breath ethanol concentration. Examples of how such estimations should be performed are given in this review article.

Conclusions

The difficulty is that the anesthesiologist must be aware of how the alcolmeter is calibrated (for blood or breath) and be able to distinguish between the intravascular and extravascular absorption routes, which give rise to different patterns and levels of breath ethanol concentrations.
Measurements of Intra‐Aortic Balloon Wall Movement During Inflation and Deflation: Effects of Angulation
Authors: Bruti Gianpaolo , Kolyva Christina , Pepper John R. , Khir Ashraf W.
Published: May 2015

The intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a ventricular assist device that is used with a broad range of pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although the clinical efficacy of the IABP is well documented, the question of reduced efficacy when patients are nursed in the semi‐recumbent position remains outstanding. The aim of the present work is therefore to investigate the underlying mechanics responsible for the loss of IABP performance when operated at an angle to the horizontal. Simultaneous recordings of balloon wall movement, providing an estimate of its diameter (D), and fluid pressure were taken at three sites along the intra‐aortic balloon (IAB) at 0 and 45°. Flow rate, used for the calculation of displaced volume, was also recorded distal to the tip of the balloon. An in vitro experimental setup was used, featuring physiological impedances on either side of the IAB ends. IAB inflation at an angle of 45° showed that D increases at the tip of the IAB first, presenting a resistance to the flow displaced away from the tip of the balloon. The duration of inflation decreased by 15.5%, the inflation pressure pulse decreased by 9.6%, and volume decreased by 2.5%. Similarly, changing the position of the balloon from 0 to 45°, the balloon deflation became slower by 35%, deflation pressure pulse decreased by 14.7%, and volume suctioned was decreased by 15.2%. IAB wall movement showed that operating at 45° results in slower deflation compared with 0°. Slow wall movement, and changes in inflation and deflation onsets, result in a decreased volume displacement and pressure pulse generation. Operating the balloon at an angle to the horizontal, which is the preferred nursing position in intensive care units, results in reduced IAB inflation and deflation performance, possibly compromising its clinical benefits.
Innovating in Organizations: A Model of Climate Components Facilitating the Creation of New Value
Authors: Gundry Lisa K. , Muñoz‐Fernandez Angeles , Ofstein Laurel F. , Ortega‐Egea Teresa
Published: May 2015

This research investigates the influence of components of organizational climate on innovation in organizations, extending previous work on the antecedents of innovation outcomes. Specific aspects of climate are measured utilizing a sample of 249 managers in organizations across industries in Spain and the United States, including respondents' perceptions of collaborative communication, trust and commitment, along with the organization's orientation to innovation. A model is proposed and tested, in which collaborative communication within an organization generates trust, and these constructs are associated with greater commitment. Supported by an orientation to innovation, these variables are associated with innovation outcomes in the organization. Results showed that collaborative communication between employees builds trusting relationships, which then lead to a stronger commitment to the organization. Organizational commitment facilitates both administrative and technical innovation. Orientation to innovation is also found to partially mediate the relationship between organizational commitment and both administrative and technical innovation. Discussion and implications that guide management practices in support of innovation are presented, including the importance of fostering and rewarding behaviours associated with successful innovation outcomes that create new value for the organization.
Oral health promotion interventions during pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Vamos Cheryl A. , Thompson Erika L. , Avendano Maryouri , Daley Ellen M. , Quinonez Rocio B. , Boggess Kim
Published: May 2015

Objectives

Maternal oral disease during pregnancy is a significant public health issue due to its prevalence and lifecourse connections with adverse pregnancy/birth outcomes, early childhood caries, and chronic diseases. Although both medical and dental professional organizations have discipline‐specific and co‐endorsed guidelines, whether interventions exist that translate oral health evidence into practice remains unknown. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to examine the range, scope and impact of existing oral health promotion interventions during pregnancy.

Methods

Search terms related to oral health, health promotion, and pregnancy produced 7754 articles published before March 2013 from five search engines. Inclusion criteria: (i) intervention‐based; (ii) quasi‐experimental, experimental, or pretest/post‐test design; (iii) pregnant women participants; (iv) outcomes including oral health knowledge, attitudes, and/or behaviors; (v) ≥5 participants; (vi) peer‐review publication; and (vii) English language.

Results

All interventions (n = 7) were delivered in prenatal care settings and focused on education. Modalities varied, including the use of oral instruction and audiovisual presentations, in both individual and group formats; however, content was directed toward infant oral health. Few studies specifically addressed prenatal oral health guidelines. Primary outcomes measured included knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self‐efficacy and oral hygiene, and health‐seeking behaviors. All but one study showed significant improvement in one of these outcomes postintervention.

Conclusions

Few oral health interventions among pregnant women addressed oral‐related symptoms, hygiene behaviors, and potential oral–systemic implications specific to mothers. Subsequently, more theory‐ and evidence‐based interventions addressing current prenatal oral health guidelines using rigorous designs are needed to improve oral and systemic health for both women and their offspring.
Patient‐based outcomes following surgical implant placements
Authors: Kamankatgan Suchat , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Krisdapong Sudaduang
Published: May 2015

Objectives

To assess the postoperative oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), pain and swelling after surgical implant placement and to investigate their association with socio‐demographic and clinical variables.

Materials and methods

A total of 85 partial edentulous patients requiring implant‐supported fixed prostheses were enrolled. Standard surgical practice for implant placement was employed. Interviews were conducted to assess the OHRQoL based on the oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) index preoperatively as well as 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively in addition to the degree of pain and swelling at 2 weeks postoperatively. The socio‐demographic and clinical variables of interest were also assessed.

Results

Patient's OHRQoL was reduced at 2 weeks followed by a return to baseline levels 1 month postoperatively. The median OIDP scores were 5.0, 12.0 and 3.5 preoperatively, 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively, respectively. Eating and teeth cleaning were affected after surgery. Overall, 50.6% of the patients perceived no to mild pain, whereas 36.5%, 49.4% and 14.1% reported no, localized or extensive facial swelling, respectively. No association was found between pain and any variable, but anterior implantation and bone augmentation were more commonly associated with facial swelling. Oral health‐related quality of life worsened in patients with more pain or facial swelling as well as in cases involving multiple implant placement or bone augmentation procedures.

Conclusions

Oral health‐related quality of life deteriorated shortly after surgery based on eating and teeth cleaning difficulties. A high degree of pain, extensive swelling, multiple implant placement and bone augmentation procedures were all associated with oral impacts.
Colorimetric and fastness studies and analysis by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection of the dyeing of silk fabric with natural dye Helichrysum arenarium
Authors: Torgan Emine , Ozer Lale Meyanci , Karadag Recep
Published: May 2015

In this study, silk fabric samples were dyed by various procedures using Helichrysum arenarium extracts. Alum, ferrous sulfate, stanium chloride, calcium nitrate, and potassium bitartrate were used as mordants. Reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection was utilised for identification of the dyes present in the dyed silk fabrics and the plant extracts. The extraction of dyes was carried out with a hydrochloric acid/methanol/water (2:1:1 v/v/v) mixture. The colour coordinates and K/S values, as well as wash, light, and rub fastness, were determined.
Blue solid‐state luminescent tetraphenylethene–organophosphorus dyads with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Yong , Ma Yan‐Fang , Liu Ya‐Ling , Sun Yi‐Feng , Chi Zhen‐Guo
Published: May 2015

Three novel tetraphenylethene–organophosphorus dyads – (6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)[4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl] methanol, diphenyl {hydroxy[4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl]methyl} phosphine oxide, and di(3,5‐dimethylphenyl){hydroxy[4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl] methyl} phosphine oxide – were synthesised and characterised by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The photoluminescence properties were studied. All three dyads exhibited intense solid‐state blue emission peaking at 449–466 nm, and also displayed aggregation‐induced emission behaviours. The emission decays of these dyads in the solid state also fitted well with a triexponential model with an average lifetime of 2.65–4.42 ns. The experimental results demonstrated that the luminescent properties are highly dependent on the nature of the organophosphorus groups. The choice of phosphorus‐containing components can cause variations in the photoluminescence emission and photoluminescence decays.
Golden organic crystals of an azobenzene derivative containing two ester bonds
Authors: Kondo Yukishige , Nakajima Kazuya , Kato Masakatsu , Ohrui Hidetaka , Takahashi Yutaka
Published: May 2015

Recently we found while we were synthesising a cationic surfactant that a synthetic intermediate, 4,4′‐bis{1‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)]ethoxy}azobenzene, produced gold‐coloured crystals [Matsumoto et al., J. Oleo Sci., 59, (2010) 151]. Here we describe how an azobenzene derivative, bis[4‐(ethoxycarbonylmethoxy)phenyl]diazene, also forms gold‐coloured crystals after recrystallisation from a mixture of acetone and water. The profile of the specular reflectance as a function of wavelength for the crystals is very similar to that for metallic gold plate, indicating that the crystals have a golden colour. The maximum specular reflectance of the crystals is 16%. Atomic force microscopy observation shows that the crystals have flat surfaces. X‐ray diffraction measurements demonstrate the presence of a periodic structure in the crystals, which indicates that monolayers (lamellar structure) consisting of azobenzene molecules with a thickness of 1.42 nm are stacked in the crystals. The gold‐coloured crystals are tolerant of ultraviolet light irradiation. The gold‐coloured crystals may be useful as a substitute for conventional metallic pigments in specific coating applications.
Effect of a postoperative outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program on physical activity in patients who underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer
Authors: Maeda Kazushige , Higashimoto Yuji , Honda Noritsugu , Shiraishi Masashi , Hirohata Takeshi , Minami Kenji , Iwasaki Takuya , Chiba Yasutaka , Yamagata Toshiyuki , Terada Katsuhiko , Matsuo Yoshimi , Shuntoh Hisato , Tohda Yuji , Fukuda Kanji
Published: May 2015

Aim

Physical activity (PA) has been associated with an improvement in survival for individuals with cancer. However, little is known about the effect of postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation on PA after lobectomy in patients with lung cancer. The present study investigated the effect of outpatient rehabilitation on PA in patients with cancer after lung resection.

Methods

A total of 19 patients with lung cancer were recruited for this study and completed a preoperative rehabilitation program. One group of nine patients completed a postoperative outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program (rehabilitation) and another group of 10 patients did not (control), but were similarly followed up. Preoperative lung function, assessed by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), body mass index (BMI) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score were not different between groups. PA was measured before and 2 months after surgery using a three‐axis accelerometer for 5–6 days. PA level (PAL) was defined as total energy expenditure divided by basal metabolic rate.

Results

Preoperative PAL was not different between groups. However, postoperative versus preoperative PAL was significantly lower in the control versus the rehabilitation group (P < 0.01), and PAL decline was less for the rehabilitation versus the control group (P < 0.001). A subgroup analysis showed improvement in postoperative PAL in rehabilitation patients aged <75 years and older.

Conclusions

Two months after lung resection surgery, patients had not recovered to the preoperative PAL. However, compared with the control group, there was an improvement in the postoperative PAL in patients, including older patients, who underwent outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 550–555.
Pharmacokinetic properties of BAY 81‐8973, a full‐length recombinant factor VIII
Authors: Shah A. , Delesen H. , Garger S. , Lalezari S.
Published: May 2015

Introduction

BAY 81‐8973 is a full‐length recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) with the same primary amino acid sequence as sucrose‐formulated recombinant FVIII (rFVIII‐FS) but is produced with advanced manufacturing technologies.

Aim

To analyse the pharmacokinetics (PK) of BAY 81‐8973 after single and multiple dosing across different age and ethnic groups in the LEOPOLD clinical trial programme.

Methods

The LEOPOLD trials enrolled patients with severe haemophilia A aged 12–65 years (LEOPOLD I and II) or ≤12 years (LEOPOLD Kids) with ≥150 (LEOPOLD I and II) or ≥50 (LEOPOLD Kids) exposure days to any FVIII product and no history of FVIII inhibitors. PK were assessed using chromogenic and one‐stage assays (only chromogenic assay for LEOPOLD Kids) after a single 50‐IU kg−1 dose of BAY 81‐8973 and, in a subset of patients in LEOPOLD I, after repeated dosing. Pharmacokinetic analyses were also performed based on age (18 to 65, 12 to <18, 6 to <12 and <6 years) and ethnicity (Asian and non‐Asian).

Results

Pharmacokinetic assessments in the LEOPOLD I trial showed non‐inferiority of BAY 81‐8973 vs. rFVIII‐FS. The PK of BAY 81‐8973 were comparable after single and multiple dosing. Age‐based analysis in the three trials showed that plasma concentrations were slightly lower for children, but similar for adolescents compared with adults. Pharmacokinetic results were similar in the different ethnic groups.

Conclusions

Results of the LEOPOLD trials show that the BAY 81‐8973 pharmacokinetic profile is non‐inferior to rFVIII‐FS. Similar BAY 81‐8973 pharmacokinetic values were observed following single and repeated dosing and across ethnic groups.
Long‐term prophylaxis in severe factor VII deficiency
Authors: Siboni S. M. , Biguzzi E. , Mistretta C. , Garagiola I. , Peyvandi F.
Published: May 2015

Introduction

The spectrum of bleeding problems in FVII deficiency is highly variable and FVII levels and causative genetic mutations correlate poorly with the bleeding risk. Long‐term prophylaxis is generally initiated in order to prevent subsequent CNS bleeding after a first event or in patients with other major/ life threatening/ frequent bleeding symptoms as gastrointestinal bleeding or hemarthrosis. However few data are available in the literature regarding FVII prophylaxis and clinical decisions cannot be based on evidence.

Aims

We report the data available in the literature on FVII prophylaxis and our personal experience regarding three patients affected by severe FVII deficiency.

Methods

Specific papers on long‐term prophylaxis in severe FVII deficiency were identified using the database, PUBMED.

Results

The most frequent indications for long‐term prophylaxis were CNS bleeding (58%), hemartrosis (15%) and GI bleeding (9%). Patients were treated with various dosages and frequency. Prophylactic treatment with 10‐30U/kg (pdFVII) or 20‐30mcg/kg (rFVIIa) twice or three times/weeks was described to be effective.

Conclusions

In the literature and in our experience, prophylaxis can be considered in patients with severe FVII deficiency and severe bleeding phenotype. A dose of 10‐30U/kg (pdFVII) or 20‐30 microg/kg (rFVIIa) twice or three times/week is usually administrated, but dose and frequency can be tailored based on the clinical follow‐up of the patients. Since hemarthrosis is a frequent manifestation, a suggestion to improve the outcomes of patients with severe FVII deficiency is to monitor joint condition in order to identify early arthropathy that could be another indication to start secondary prophylaxis.
Oral health in children and adolescents with haemophilia
Authors: Evangelista L. M. , Lima C. C. B. , Idalino R. C. L. , Lima M. D. M. , Moura L. F. A. D.
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Bleeding disorders are certainly one of the most difficult health conditions among health professionals. The haemophilia requires special care in dentistry mainly due to highly vascularized oral cavity.

Aim

The objective of this study was to determine oral health conditions of children and adolescents with haemophilia at a haematology centre.

Methods

The sample was composed of 40 children and adolescents aged 1–18 years. Data collection occurred by means of a questionnaire about social and economical conditions, and an examination of the oral cavity. The decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft), decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and gingival bleeding (allows the determination of gingival bleeding) epidemiological indexes were evaluated.

Results

When evaluating caries experience, the mean value for the dmft index was 3.4 for the deciduous dentition, DMFT score of 0.9 for mixed‐dentition, and 2.9 for permanent dentition. The mean value for the gingival bleeding index was similar in all three phases of development, showing a mean value of 1.74.

Conclusion

The majority of the children and adolescents demonstrated unsatisfactory oral health.
Overexpression of lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor‐1 (LEF1) is a novel favorable prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jia M. , Zhao H.‐Z. , Shen H.‐P. , Cheng Y.‐P. , Luo Z.‐B. , Li S.‐S. , Zhang J.‐Y. , Tang Y.‐M.
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor‐1 (LEF1) is a target gene and central mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway. High LEF1 expression has been reported as a prognostic marker in several types of hematologic malignancies of adult patients.

Methods

In this study, LEF1 expression was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 122 children with newly diagnosed ALL treated on the China NPCAC97 protocols. Patients' samples were dichotomized at the median value of control group and divided into LEF1low and LEF1high groups.

Results

The LEF1 mRNA levels in patients with ALL were significantly higher than those of normal controls, and the LEF1 levels were dramatically decreased following induction therapy. In addition, LEF1high patients had lower white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis and lower minimal residual disease (MRD) levels at the time of complete remission as compared to LEF1low patients. Finally, our studies showed that high LEF1 expression is associated with favorable CR rate and overall survival (OS) in childhood ALL (5‐year OS: LEF1high 92% vs. LEF1low 73%, P = 0.009). High LEF1 level was associated with a favorable relapse‐free survival in standard‐risk patients and also related to a better OS within the subgroup of patients with BCR‐ABL‐negative ALL.

Conclusion

Overexpression of LEF1 is a favorable prognostic factor in childhood ALL. The prognostic impact of LEF1 may assist treatment stratification and suggest the need of alternative regimens.
The role of motivation to lead for leadership training effectiveness
Authors: Stiehl Sibylle K. , Felfe Jörg , Elprana Gwen , Gatzka Magdalena B.
Published: May 2015

In this study, the construct of motivation to lead (MtL) is considered as a predictor of leadership training effectiveness. MtL, the individual preference to take on leadership roles, is a motivation that specifically relates to the content of leadership training. A total of 132 managers participated in a longitudinal follow‐up study. The influence of MtL on training effectiveness is explained by a serial mediation process. Individuals high on MtL benefit more from training by acquiring more leadership competencies, which in turn results in more effective leadership behavior and ultimately higher training effectiveness 1 year later. Understanding the process through which trainees' individual MtL influences building up competencies is important for identifying mechanisms that drive training effectiveness. Organizational support is revealed to further enhance this training process by moderating the influence of MtL on leadership competencies. From a practical perspective, MtL is important for leadership training effectiveness and measures should be taken to enhance MtL.