bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acumulação de capital, restrição externa, hiato tecnológico e mudança estrutural: teoria e experiência brasileira
Authors: Lamonica Marcos Tostes , Oreiro José Luis da Costa , Feijó Carmem
Published: April 2012

Os períodos de crescimento acelerado da economia brasileira do pós-guerra até a década de 1970 foram constrangidos pela restrição externa. Propomos neste artigo um modelo baseado em Kaldor, em que estabelecemos uma relação entre acumulação de capital, hiato tecnológico e restrição externa ao crescimento de longo prazo para economias periféricas. A hipótese básica do modelo é que a acumulação de capital, sob certas condições, pode contornar a restrição externa ao crescimento dessas economias desde que o esforço de acumulação seja capaz de produzir uma mudança estrutural no sentido de aumentar a participação relativa dos setores mais dinâmicos do ponto de vista tecnológico. Essa mudança estrutural irá resultar em um aumento gradual da elasticidade-renda das exportações e numa redução da elasticidade-renda das importações, aumentando assim a taxa de crescimento do produto real que é compatível com o equilíbrio de longo prazo do balanço de pagamentos. Ilustramos ao final do artigo que a economia brasileira do pós-guerra até os anos 1970 apresentou uma elevada taxa de acumulação de capital, aprofundando o processo de substituição de importações, o que na nossa interpretação contribuiu para parcialmente permitir relaxar a restrição externa ao crescimento de longo prazo.
Elementos de flexibilidade em contratos de terceirização logística: o caso de uma empresa de telecomunicações
Authors: Bandeira Renata Albergaria de Mello , Mello Luiz Carlos Brasil de Brito , Maçada Antonio Carlos Gastaud
Published: April 2012

O artigo analisa, através da técnica de estudo de caso, a terceirização logística em uma empresa de telecomunicações. Inicialmente, são discutidos os cuidados e a importância do contrato de terceirização, segundo abordagem da economia dos custos de transação. Analisam-se as possíveis causas das falhas na contratação, e sugerem-se providências para evitar repetições em implementações semelhantes. A experiência adquirida indica que um erro primordial, na opinião dos autores, refere-se à falta de definição da estratégia a ser seguida pela organização em relação ao modelo de contratação. Essa definição é uma etapa fundamental, já que o contrato deve estar alinhado à estratégia.
Uma discreta dança da resistência: corpo, arte e subjetivação na oficina de criatividade de um hospital psiquiátrico
Authors: Testa Federico
Published: April 2012

Este artigo busca problematizar o corpo, as relações corpo-poder, por meio das práticas artísticas realizadas na oficina de criatividade de um hospital psiquiátrico, sondando possibilidades não disciplinares de experiência corporal ou do uso dos corpos - mediante gestos, posturas, movimentos na produção artística. A partir disso, busca-se associar ética-estética-política, no âmbito de uma visão processual da experiência artística em duas situações etnográficas, estabelecendo uma relação íntima entre arte, corpo e subjetivação. É a partir daí que se discutem as possibilidades de resistência. Os próprios processos de subjetivação (e possibilidades de práticas corporais de re-singularização, re-apropriação e indisponibilização ao poder, na produção de um sujeito não sujeitado) são vistos no âmbito do estético. Assim, atenta-se para a produção da arte por meio do corpo e para a produção do corpo por meio da arte.
Governança ambiental na América Latina: para uma agenda de pesquisa mais integrada
Authors: Castro Fabio de , Hogenboom Barbara , Baud Michiel
Published: April 2012

A América Latina exerce um papel internacional importante em relação à governança ambiental. O conhecimento gerado por estudos empíricos e teóricos sobre os desafios ambientais fundamenta os esforços renovados na região para se alcançar o uso dos recursos naturais de maneira sustentável e equitativa. Embora os vínculos entre as dimensões social e ambiental tenham sido pauta do meio acadêmico desde a década de 1990, novas tendências na governança ambiental na América Latina merecem uma abordagem analítica mais abrangente. Este artigo explora alguns tópicos de trabalhos emergentes e faz uma breve reflexão dos elementos relevantes e 'multidimensionais' para uma análise integrativa. Os autores argumentam que, para se aperfeiçoar as 'Perspectivas Latino Americanas' para resolver dilemas sócio-ambientais, várias correntes interpretativas devem ser conectadas em arcabouços conceituais integrativos que possam melhor abordar questões complexas relativas a interações do estado, sociedade civil e setor privado em múltiplas escalas. Um consórcio de dez instituições europeias e latino americanas contribui para o desenvolvimento de tais programas através de projetos de Governança Ambiental na América Latina e no Caribe: Desenvolvendo Programas para Uso Sustentável e Equitativo de Recursos Naturais (ENGOV).
Pesca artesanal entre crise econômica e problemas socioambientais: estudo de caso nos municípios de Garopaba e Imbituba (SC)
Authors: Capellesso Adinor José , Cazella Ademir Antonio
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a diversificação das estratégias de reprodução social das famílias pescadoras artesanais no litoral Centro-Sul Catarinense. O estudo de caso revelou que os problemas ambientais e de gestão dos recursos pesqueiros impactam negativamente a produção e a renda auferida pelas famílias pescadoras artesanais, forçando o recurso à pluriatividade ou mesmo o abandono da pesca.
Whose environment?: the end of nature, climate change and the process of post-politicization
Authors: Swyngedouw Erik
Published: April 2012

The paper explores how the elevation of the environmental question, in particular the problem of climate change, to a global and consensually established public concern is both a marker of and constituent force in the production of de-politicization. The paper has four parts. First, I problematize the question of Nature and the environment. Second, the case of climate change policy is presented as cause célèbre of de-politicization. The third part relates this argument to the views of political theorists who argue that the political constitution of western democracies is increasingly marked by the consolidation of post-political and post-democratic arrangements. Fourth, I discuss the climate change consensus in light of the post-political thesis. I conclude that the matter of the environment and climate change in particular, needs to be displaced onto the terrain of the properly political.
The politics of vulnerability and resilience
Authors: Frerks Georg , Warner Jeroen , Weijs Bart
Published: April 2012

Much conceptual confusion exists over the concepts of vulnerability and (social) resilience, reinforced by the different paradigms (the article identifies four) and disciplinary traditions underlying their use. While since the 1980s the social construction of "vulnerability" as a driver for disaster received considerable attention, in recent years we have seen increased attention to people's capacities and resilience. The currently popular "complexity" approach to risk moreover appears to offer ways of breaking through entrenched vulnerabilities. Resilience however is also a political project which, we argue, also has its dark, conservative overtones and overlooks structural sources of vulnerability that continue to affect hazard-prone actors. We may therefore need to conceive resilience as the potential for social transformation after disaster.
Compromisso socioambiental e vulnerabilidade
Authors: Lemos Sônia Maria , Higuchi Maria Inês Gasparetto
Published: April 2012

Neste estudo, analisamos formas de compromisso socioambiental adotadas por moradores que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade. Numa localidade com problemas sociais e ambientais, constatamos três tipos de compromisso socioambiental, nomeados respectivamente de "passividade ativa"; "passividade suportiva" e "passividade cerceada". Esse conjunto expressa o ethos presente nessa população, fruto das experiências individuais e coletivas vividas.
A ideia de risco nos estudos sobre a problemática da água no Brasil
Authors: Mitjavila Myriam Raquel , Grah Bruno
Published: April 2012

O artigo examina significados e funções da ideia de risco nos estudos realizados na última década no Brasil sobre a problemática da gestão da água, a partir de uma amostra de artigos publicados em periódicos científicos. Constata-se o caráter difuso, polissêmico e escassamente formalizado da noção de risco na maior parte dos textos examinados, bem como o predomínio de perspectivas epistemológicas objetivistas que não abordam dimensões sócio-políticas e culturais da gestão dos recursos hídricos.
Meu coração não mudou: desenvolvimento sustentável, pragmatismo e estratégia em contexto amazônico tradicional
Authors: Le Tourneau François-Michel , Kohler Florent
Published: April 2012

O artigo explora as consequências da instalação de projetos de desenvolvimento sustentável em três comunidades tradicionais da Amazônia, buscando não somente fazer um balanço dos impactos objetivos, mas também as relações que se estabelecem entre essas comunidades e as entidades que promovem os projetos. Evidenciamos a existência da um mal-entendido criativo entre essas duas partes em torno do papel dos projetos e da posição da outra parte.
Contributos para a construção de um texto foneticamente equilibrado para o Português-Europeu
Authors: Mendes Ana Paula , Costa Alexandra Nunes da , Martins Alexandra Delgado , Fernandes André Filipe Oliveira , Vicente Sara Margarida Dias do Rosário , Freitas Tânia Carina Samouco
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVO: o objectivo deste estudo consiste na criação de um Texto Foneticamente Equilibrado para o Português-Europeu (PE) designado "O Sol". MÉTODO: quatro sujeitos da região de Setúbal, entre [21-49] anos (dois do sexo feminino e dois do masculino) leram em voz alta o texto "O Sol". As gravações realizadas com Olympus (VN- 240PC e VN- 2100PC com microfones integrados) serviram para a contabilização dos fonemas produzidos. Os procedimentos foram: 1) a comparação entre as frequências relativas dos fonemas do "O Sol" e as frequências relativas descritas no PF_fone, através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e do teste de Mann-Whitney; 2) a comparação entre a transcrição larga e a estreita, verificando-se os fenómenos de coarticulação; e 3) a análise dos formatos silábicos. RESULTADOS: a análise estatística demonstrou que as frequências relativas de ocorrência dos fonemas do texto "O Sol" têm uma correlação forte com as do PF_fone (r = 0,924). As medianas das frequências relativas de ocorrência dos fonemas do texto foram significativamente iguais das do PF_fone (p<.05). CONCLUSÃO: o texto "O Sol" está próximo de um texto foneticamente equilibrado ideal, uma vez que se verificaram os pressupostos pré-definidos. Fonologicamente, apresenta os formatos silábicos mais frequentes no PE, verificou-se ainda uma diminuição na frequência relativa de fonemas na transcrição estreita, devido a fenómenos de coarticulação. Futuros trabalhos incidirão no aumento da amostra.
Geosynthetic landfill cap stability: comparison of limit equilibrium, computational limit analysis and finite-element analyses
Authors: Belczyk E.B. , Smith C.C.
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT: The stability of the veneer cover soil (landfill cap) is an important issue in landfill design. Incorrect design of the landfill cap can lead to failure, which may result in the veneer cover soil sliding on an underlying geosynthetic layer, or in tension failure of the geosynthetic itself. Previous limit equilibrium (LE) analyses of veneer cover layer stability presented in the literature have generally considered whole-slope failure. In this paper, modified LE equations are proposed that (a) encompass more critical cases of localised slope failure for specific cases, and (b) are calibrated against two other methods: 2-D computational limit analysis (CLA) using LimitState:GEO and 2-D elasto-plastic finite-element (FE) analysis using PLAXIS. The scenarios examined encompass a cover of uniform thickness, a buttressed cover, a cover of tapered thickness, the effects of seepage forces, and the effects of construction equipment. It is shown that the LE method provides a reasonable estimate of veneer cover layer stability for most cases examined, although it is in general non-conservative, relative to the CLA and FE analyses. Local failure was found to be critical in the case of the construction equipment, buttress and horizontal seepage scenarios. In the latter case the LE equations previously presented in the literature significantly overestimate stability compared with the LE, CLA and FE analyses considered in this paper.
Effect of flow boundaries on two physical characteristics of geosynthetic drains
Authors: Giroud J.P. , Gourc J.P. , Kavazanjian E.
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT: This paper shows that two physical characteristics of geosynthetic drains can be significantly affected by the flow boundaries: the specific surface area and the average flow path diameter. These two physical characteristics are important, because they have a significant influence on the hydraulic characteristics of geosynthetic drains. A theoretical analysis leads to a quantification of the effect of smooth and rigid flow boundaries on the specific surface area and the average flow path diameter. Numerical calculations performed using the equations proposed in this paper show that the effect of these flow boundaries is negligible in cases where the geosynthetic drain consists of a needle-punched nonwoven geotextile. In contrast, the effect of smooth and rigid flow boundaries on geonet drains is usually significant. The fact that even boundaries that are smooth and rigid have a significant influence on the measured hydraulic transmissivity of geonets supports the usual recommendation that, to measure a representative geonet transmissivity in the laboratory, flow boundaries that are representative of the field conditions must be used. For the sake of comparison, the methodology is also applied to granular drains. It is shown that the effect of flow boundaries is generally negligible in the case of granular (sand and gravel) drains. More generally, it is shown that the effect of flow boundaries that are smooth and rigid is negligible when the drain thickness is at least 20 times the size of the solid constituents of the drainage material, such as the diameter of the granular particles, or the diameter of geotextile fibers and geonet ribs.
Laminar and non-laminar flow in geosynthetic and granular drains
Authors: Giroud J.P. , Gourc J.P. , Kavazanjian E. , Jr.
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT: Hydraulic transmissivity tests on common geosynthetic and granular drainage materials (e.g. geonets and gravel) show that the hydraulic transmissivity of these materials often depends heavily on the hydraulic gradient, which indicates that the flow is non-laminar. Despite the non-laminar nature of flow in these materials, Darcy's equation and equations derived from Darcy's equation are extensively used for the design of geosynthetic and granular drainage systems, even though these equations are strictly valid only for laminar flow. Therefore it is important to identify the drainage materials and flow conditions for which the flow is laminar in order to evaluate the applicability of Darcy's equation. In classical hydrodynamics, the conditions for laminar flow are generally described in terms of a limiting Reynolds number. This paper provides guidance for Reynolds number calculation in geosynthetic and granular drains, and presents a methodology to establish the conditions for laminar flow as a function of the Reynolds number. Numerical applications of the methodology show that, for typical hydraulic gradients used in hydraulic transmissivity tests in the laboratory and encountered in drainage layers in the field, flow is generally laminar in needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles and sand, whereas it is generally non-laminar in geonets and gravel. However, in the case of geonets adjacent to geotextiles (such as in geocomposites), the flow becomes closer to laminar conditions as the geotextile progressively intrudes into the geonet channels under increasing values of the applied normal stresses. Practical recommendations are given for the use of Darcy's equation and equations derived from Darcy's equation to obtain approximate solutions when flow is not laminar.
Large herbivores maintain termite‐caused differences in herbaceous species diversity patterns
Authors: Okullo Paul , Moe Stein R.
Published: April 2012

Termites and large herbivores affect African savanna plant communities. Both functional groups are also important for nutrient redistribution across the landscape. We conducted an experiment to study how termites and large herbivores, alone and in combination, affect herbaceous species diversity patterns in an African savanna. Herbaceous vegetation on large vegetated Macrotermes mounds (with and without large herbivores) and on adjacent savanna areas (with and without large herbivores) was monitored over three years in Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda. We found substantial differences in species richness, alpha diversity, evenness, and stability between termite mound herbaceous vegetation and adjacent savanna vegetation. Within months of fencing, levels of species richness, evenness, and stability were no longer significantly different between savanna and mounds. However, fencing reduced the cumulative number of species, particularly for forbs, of which 48% of the species were lost. Fencing increased the beta diversity (dissimilarity among plots) on the resource‐poor (in terms of both nutrients and soil moisture) savanna areas, while it did not significantly affect beta diversity on the resource‐rich termite mounds. While termites cause substantial heterogeneity in savanna vegetation, large herbivores further amplify these differences by reducing beta diversity on the savanna areas. Large herbivores are, however, responsible for the maintenance of a large number of forbs at the landscape level. These findings suggest that the mechanisms underlying the effects of termites and large herbivores on savanna plant communities scale up to shape community structure and dynamics at a landscape level.
The State of Research on Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in The Receipt of Health Care
Authors: Shavers Vickie L. , Fagan Pebbles , Jones Dionne , Klein William M. P. , Boyington Josephine , Moten Carmen , Rorie Edward
Published: April 2012

Objectives. We conducted a review to examine current literature on the effects of interpersonal and institutional racism and discrimination occurring within health care settings on the health care received by racial/ethnic minority patients.

Methods. We searched the PsychNet, PubMed, and Scopus databases for articles on US populations published between January 1, 2008 and November 1, 2011. We used various combinations of the following search terms: discrimination, perceived discrimination, race, ethnicity, racism, institutional racism, stereotype, prejudice or bias, and health or health care. Fifty-eight articles were reviewed.

Results. Patient perception of discriminatory treatment and implicit provider biases were the most frequently examined topics in health care settings. Few studies examined the overall prevalence of racial/ethnic discrimination and none examined temporal trends. In general, measures used were insufficient for examining the impact of interpersonal discrimination or institutional racism within health care settings on racial/ethnic disparities in health care.

Conclusions. Better instrumentation, innovative methodology, and strategies are needed for identifying and tracking racial/ethnic discrimination in health care settings.
Dialysis at a Crossroads—Part II
Authors: Parker Thomas F. , Straube Barry M. , Nissenson Allen , Hakim Raymond M. , Steinman Theodore I. , Glassock Richard J.
Published: April 2012

A previous commentary pointed out that the renal community has led American healthcare in the development and continuous improvement of quality outcomes. However, survival, hospitalization, and quality of life for US dialysis patients is still not optimal. This follow-up commentary examines the obstacles, gaps, and metrics that characterize this unfortunate state of affairs. It posits that current paradigms are essential contributors to quality outcomes but are no longer sufficient to improve quality. New strategies are needed that arise from a preponderance of evidence, in addition to beyond a reasonable doubt standard. This work offers an action plan that consists of new pathways of care that will lead to improved survival, fewer hospitalizations and rehospitalizations, and better quality of life for patients undergoing dialysis therapy. Nephrologists in collaboration with large and small dialysis organizations and other stakeholders, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, can implement these proposed new pathways of care and closely monitor their effectiveness. We suggest that our patients deserve nothing less and must receive even more.
Fusarium oxysporum as causal agent of tomato wilt and fruit rot
Authors: Ignjatov Maja , Milosevic Dragana , Nikolic Zorica , Gvozdanovic-Varga Jelica , Jovicic Dusica , Zdjelar Gordana
Published: April 2012

Tomatoes are parasitized by a number of pathogens, including Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, causal agent of fusarium wilt. Fresh vegetable
fruits can be contaminated with various fungi that produce mycotoxins, which
is an important issue for human health. The objective of this paper was to
isolate, determine, and identify causal organisms of tomato wilt and fruit
rot, based on the pathogens morphological and molecular characteristics.
Samples of diseased plants showing symptoms of tomato wilt were collected
from different localities in the production region of Vojvodina. Fruits with
symptoms of fusarium rot were collected from storage and warehouses. The
isolation and morphological determination of the fungus were performed on PDA
and Czapek?s nutrient media. Isolates from diseased plants growing in field,
designated as TFW1-TFW12 and seven isolates from diseased tomato fruits
(TFM1-TFM7) were chosen for further investigation. For identification of the
fungal isolates, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also used. The
EF1/EF2 primer pair was used for molecular identification of Fusarium sp.
Nine analyzed samples were found to contain DNA fragments 700 bp in size.
The use of GIS methodology in jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidae) studies in Serbia
Authors: Jerinic-Prodanovic Dusanka , Prodanovic Goran
Published: April 2012

Entomofaunistic studies contain a large number of data regarding the number
of collected species, the number of individuals within species, time of
collection, localities, species biology and morphology natural enemies and
hosts. Besides thematic and temporal components this kind of studies include
spatial component which is crucial for the use of GIS methodology and
advanced possibilities of geospatial analysis. During our studies on jumping
plant lice (Psylloidea) fauna and their natural enemies on the territory of
Serbia which lasted for several years, a large number of spatially referenced
data related to this group of insects were collected. The process of
collecting, archiving and classifying the data on each species was improved
by applying the GIS methodological approach after which the data were entered
into database. The analysis of data using thematic and spatial queries, as
well as graphic, numeric and textual display of the results from studies
enabled simpler and more complete survey of horizontal and vertical
distribution of jumping plant lice, their biology and relationship with
plants, predators and parasitoids.
Selectivity of some herbicides to cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), grown for seed production
Authors: Dimitrova Tsvetanka , Katova Aneliya
Published: April 2012

The study was conducted to determine selectivity of some herbicides to
cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), and their influence on the seed
production, during the years 2008- 2010. The trial was set on the
experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven, on slightly
leached chernozem. As a result of the research the following was found:
herbicides Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at the dose of 100
ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron-methyl) - 15 g/ha and Cambio SL
(320 g/l bentazon + 90 g/l dicamba) - 1250 ml/ha and Grasp 25SK (250 g/l
tralkoxyidim) + Atplus at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ha had high selectivity to
cocksfoot, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand,
and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year.
Herbicide Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinofop - propargyl + antidote) at rate of
300 ml/ha, showed phytotoxic effect to D. glomerata and caused the reduction
of seed and dry biomass productivity.
The Narrative Turn and the Poetics of Resistance: Towards a New Language for Critical Educational Studies
Authors: Peters Michael A. , Besley Tina (A.C.)
Published: April 2012

This article argues for the adoption of a new language in critical educational studies through the ‘narrative turn’, a turn that politicizes knowledge by drawing attention to questions concerning the meaning, construction and authorship of narratives. In the authors' interpretation going back to the poetics of early narrative forms they development the argument that there is an ancient history of the form that privileges it as a means and form of resistance. The article tracks the adoption of narrative in the human sciences and details the development of narratology as the scientific study of narrative by such luminaries as Paul Ricoeur, and describes the ‘crisis of narrative’ in the postmodern condition by reference to the work of Lyotard, who begins to problematize the ‘metanarrative’ and its role in legitimation processes. This political understanding of narrative is further explored in relation to ‘narrative identity’ through the work of Benedict Anderson, Homi Bhabha and Charles Taylor and their emphasis on social imaginaries.
Postmodern Educational Capitalism, Global Information Systems and New Media Networks
Authors: Peters Michael A.
Published: April 2012

This article reinterprets Lyotard's argument in The Postmodern Condition as a basis for a radical political economy approach to knowledge capitalism focusing on post-industrialism in order to put the case that education and knowledge are increasingly becoming part of a globally integrated world capitalism (IWC) that is structured through emerging global information systems and new media networks. The article embraces the possibility of ‘open knowledge production’ as an area of intellectual activity driven by an ethic of collaboration as a basis for a reconstituted public sphere.
Culture, Power, and the University in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Murphy Peter
Published: April 2012

Powerful nations have influential systems of higher education. The article explores the possible pattern of geopolitics in the twenty-first century, and the competing prospects of America and its rivals in higher education and research. Pressures on both the American and non-American worlds are evaluated, along with relative economic strengths, and how factors such as these translate into intellectual prowess. The article suggests that peak intellectual and research achievement is dependent on cultural factors, and that America remains well positioned as an intellectual nation despite fierce competition from rivals because of unique cultural characteristics.
A Post-Occidental Globe?
Authors: Esen Hüseyin , Sanchez Alejandra , Araya Daniel , Gallaga Drea , Kanogoiwa Fungai , Esen Hüseyin , Geary James , Choe Keecheng , Ullah Khan Grogan , Carbajo Lisa , Fitzpatrick Margaret , Pour-Previti Mercedes , Peters Michael A. , Mukherjee Mousumi , Britez Rodrigo
Published: April 2012

This is an experiment in conversation on the topic of ‘a post-occidental globe’. It emerges from a moderated discussion group where members of a class – master's and PhD students – reflected upon a set of resources provided as part of a course in Global Studies in Education at the University of Illinois. The conversation threads were moderated and edited by Huseyin Esen.
US Study Abroad from the Periphery to the Center of the Global Curriculum in the Information Age
Authors: Mukherjee Mousumi
Published: April 2012

The Higher Education Act of 1965 for the first time gave discretionary authority to campuses to use federal fnancial aid in support of students studying abroad. Thereafter, US study abroad has thus evolved from the periphery to the center of the global curriculum. In 2005 the Lincoln Commission report proposed an ambitious goal of sending one million students abroad each year to promote educational and cultural exchange for intercultural understanding, peace and global citizenship. Following this recommendation a legislative and federal policy, the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation Act, was approved in June 2009 by the US House of Representatives authorizing generous funding for fiscal years 2010 and 2011 to the US Department of State and Peace Corps for innovative new programs that would enhance US capacity to engage with the world. The article traces this historic expansion effort, its link with the current pedagogical discourse on global citizenship and reflects on its relation to the ideology of curriculum to highlight the need to develop more critically reflexive curricula and pedagogy. The article also reflects critically on the empirical research literature to highlight the gaps between the assumptions driving investment in study abroad and its learning outcome.
A Cassette Vector System for the Rapid Cloning and Production of Bispecific Tetravalent Antibodies
Authors: Pohl Stefanie Claudia , Schwarz Steffi , Frenzel André , Schirrmann Thomas
Published: April 2012

Bivalent single chain (sc)Fv-Fc antibodies have been used for years as recombinant alternatives of natural immunoglobulins. We have extended this approach to the scFv-Fc-scFv antibody format to obtain tetravalent antigen binding and the possibility to generate bispecific antibodies. We developed a mammalian expression vector system to construct tetravalent scFv-Fc-scFv antibodies with two NcoI+NotI compatible cloning sites flanking the Fc gene fragment. We demonstrated direct cloning from single chain antibody gene libraries and tested various scFv combinations. Transient production of scFv-Fc-scFv antibodies in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells achieved volumetric yields of up to 10 mg/L. However, expression levels were strongly dependent on the carboxyterminal scFv and the scFv combination. All scFv-Fc-scFv antibodies exclusively formed disulfide-linked homodimers. Antigen binding studies revealed dual specificity for all scFv-Fc-scFv employing different scFv fragments. Comparison of C-reactive protein (CRP) specific monovalent scFv LA13-IIE3, bivalent scFv-Fc and Fc-scFv LA13-IIE3, and tetravalent scFv-Fc-scFv (scFv LA13-IIE3 in combination with scFvs LA13-IIE3, TOB4-B11, or TOB5-D4) revealed an up to 500-fold increased antigen binding. This novel scFv-Fc-scFv antibody expression system allows simple and fast testing of various scFv combinations.
A Semantically Automated Protocol Adapter for Mapping SOAP Web Services to RESTful HTTP Format to Enable the Web Infrastructure, Enhance Web Service Interoperability and Ease Web Service Migration
Authors: Kennedy Sean , Molloy Owen , Stewart Robert , Jacob Paul , Maleshkova Maria , Doheny Frank
Published: April 2012

Semantic Web Services (SWS) are Web Service (WS) descriptions augmented with semantic information. SWS enable intelligent reasoning and automation in areas such as service discovery, composition, mediation, ranking and invocation. This paper applies SWS to a previous protocol adapter which, operating within clearly defined constraints, maps SOAP Web Services to RESTful HTTP format. However, in the previous adapter, the configuration element is manual and the latency implications are locally based. This paper applies SWS technologies to automate the configuration element and the latency tests are conducted in a more realistic Internet based setting.
Impact of Hispanic Ethnic Concentration and Socioeconomic Status on Obesity Prevalence in Texas Counties
Authors: Salinas Jennifer J. , Rocha Elizabeth , Abdelbary Bassent E. , Gay Jennifer , Sexton Ken
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine whether Hispanic ethnic concentration is associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and, if this relationship exists, whether it is affected by the socioeconomic environment. The study uses the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) linked to 2000 census data to access the relationship between prevalence of obesity, Hispanic ethnic concentration, poverty and level of education at a county-level. The findings suggest that the association of Hispanic ethnic concentration and obesity varies by socioeconomic environment. Although little influence was observed for % poverty, the relationship between Hispanic ethnic concentration and obesity differed by county-level educational attainment. High proportion of residents with a bachelor’s degree is associated with a low prevalence of obesity; counties with both high % Hispanic and high % with Bachelor’s degrees had the lowest prevalence of obesity. Our results suggest that promoting and improving education, perhaps including training on healthful living, may serve as an effective means of curbing current obesity trends and associated health problems in Hispanic and possibly other ethnic communities.
Primary Prevention of Lead Exposure—Blood Lead Results at Age Two Years
Authors: Campbell Carla , Gracely Edward , Tran Mary , Starkey Naomi , Kersten Hans , Palermo Peter , Rothman Nancy , Line Laura , Hansen-Turton Tine
Published: April 2012

Objectives: The Philadelphia Lead Safe Homes (LSH) Study was designed to evaluate whether educational and environmental interventions in the first year of life for families of newborns increased knowledge of lead exposure prevention and were associated with less elevation of blood lead levels (BLLs) for these children, when compared to children receiving standard care. Methods: The current study performed descriptive statistics on the second-year BLL data for both groups and compared these using chi-square tests for proportions and unpaired t-tests for means. Results: A BLL result was found for 159 (50.6%) of the 314 LSH cohort children and 331 (52.7%) of the 628 control children (p = 0.1). Mean and standard deviation for age at draw was 23.8 (3.4) months versus 23.6 (3.1) months (P = 0.6). Geometric mean BLLs were 3.7 versus 3.5 µg/dL (P = 0.4). The percentages of the cohort group with a BLL of ≥20, ≥10 and ≥5 μg/dL, respectively, were 0.6%, 5% and 30%; for the controls 1.2%, 6.6%, and 25%. These percentages were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: A comparison of geometric mean BLLs and percentages above several BLL cut points drawn at age two years in a group of urban newborns benefitting from study interventions versus a group of similar urban children did not yield statistically significant differences. Both groups had relatively lower lead levels when compared to historical cohort groups, which may reflect a continuing downward trend in BLLs in U.S. children. The interventions did result in benefits to the families such as an increase in parental knowledge about lead exposure prevention and in-home wet cleaning activity, and a decrease in lead dust levels in study homes.
Characterization of High-Value Bioactives in Some Selected Varieties of Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Anwar Farooq , Ashraf Muhammad , Uddin Md. Kamal
Published: April 2012

The present study reports the composition and variation of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and γ-oryzanol among selected varieties namely Basmati Super, Basmati 515, Basmati 198, Basmati 385, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370, Basmati Pak, KSK-139, KS-282 and Irri-6 of Pakistani rice (Oryza sativa L). Oil content extracted with n-hexane from different varieties of brown rice seed (unpolished rice) ranged from 1.92% to 2.72%. Total fatty acid contents among rice varieties tested varied between 18240 and 25840 mg/kg brown rice seed. The rice tested mainly contained oleic (6841–10952 mg/kg) linoleic (5453–7874 mg/kg) and palmitic acid (3613–5489 mg/kg). The amounts of total phytosterols (GC and GC-MS analysis), with main contribution from β-sitosterol (445–656 mg/kg), campesterol (116–242 mg/kg), ∆5-avenasterol (89–178 mg/kg) and stigmasterol (75–180 mg/kg) were established to be 739.4 to 1330.4 mg/kg rice seed. The content of α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols as analyzed by HPLC varied from 39.0–76.1, 21.6–28.1 and 6.5–16.5 mg/kg rice seed, respectively. The amounts of different γ-oryzanol components (HPLC data), identified as cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylene cycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and β-sitosteryl ferulate, were in the range of 65.5–103.6, 140.2–183.1, 29.8–45.5 and 8.6–10.4 mg/kg rice seed, respectively. Overall, the concentration of these bioactives was higher in the Basmati rice cultivars showing their functional food superiority. In conclusion, the tested varieties of Pakistani rice, especially the Basmati cultivars, can provide best ingredients for functional foods.
Abraham Lincoln: God’s “Instrument”
Authors: Scarlett W. George
Published: April 2012

This paper examines one example of a spiritual hero, Abraham Lincoln, to reflect on issues about spiritual development, to connect spiritual development to character, and to indicate in what ways moral and religious development define and promote spiritual development. It uses Lincoln to show why spiritual maturity takes so long to develop and to show how spiritual development grows out of, rather than in parallel to, the many developments in our public and private lives. Finally, it shows the significance of being spiritual and why we should support spiritual development.
Transdisciplinary Evaluation of Energy Scenarios for a German Village Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Authors: Wilkens (nee Braune) Ines , Schmuck Peter
Published: April 2012

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can assist local decision processes towards selecting renewable energy systems as it is able to manage qualitative data and offers opportunities to integrate knowledge from local stakeholders. However, little experience is available regarding practical applications of MCDA in real decision processes in communities on their path towards a renewable energy supply. Within the “Bioenergy-Region Ludwigsfelde” project, an MCDA evaluation has been applied to a small village on its way to becoming a “bioenergy village”. Here, MCDA has been combined with already established tools accompanying the process to becoming a “bioenergy village”, such as planning workshops, citizens’ meetings and best-practice trips. A comprehensive set of sustainability criteria was applied aimed at addressing the questions of local actors. An emphasis was placed on social criteria that comprise the perceived values of local impacts. In general, it was observed that MCDA provides many benefits for this application context. In particular, the group weighting using the SIMOS method demonstrated good results in the process. However, for real-world applications of MCDA, the challenge of data compilation in particular must be addressed.
Daphne Genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. Water-Soluble Extracts Act on Enterovirus 71 by Inhibiting Viral Entry
Authors: Chang Chia-Wen , Leu Yan-Lii , Horng Jim-Tong
Published: April 2012

Dried flowers of Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. (Thymelaeaceae) are a Chinese herbal medicine used as an abortifacient with purgative, diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the activity of this medicine against enteroviral infections has not been investigated. The water-extract of dried buds of D. genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. (DGFW) was examined against various strains of enterovirus 71 (EV71) by neutralization assay, and its initial mode of action was characterized by time-of-addition assay followed by attachment and penetration assays. Pretreatment of DGFW with virus abolished viral replication, indicating that DGFW inhibits EV71 by targeting the virus. GFW exerts its anti-EV71 effects by inhibiting viral entry without producing cytotoxic side effects and thus provides a potential agent for antiviral chemotherapeutics.
Argent, cadre et psychanalyse
Authors: Prado de Oliveira Luiz Eduardo
Published: April 2012

Résumé Souvent nous avons entendu dire ou lu que le payement des séances de psychanalyse ou de psychothérapie, et donc l’argent, est le pilier du cadre analytique. Pourtant, cela n’a pas été le cas ni avec Freud ni avec l’expérience des polycliniques psychanalytiques de Vienne ou de Berlin. Fréquemment, cela n’est pas non plus le cas aujourd’hui. Un exemple clinique montre le parcours de l’argent dans une cure, parcours soumis au transfert.
Ceci n'est pas une tache. Réflexions autour d'une métaphore calligraphique
Authors: Lefebvre Alex
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article propose une série de réflexions autour de l’utilisation des outils projectifs, en particulier le Rorschach, au sein de la relation clinique et de son espace d’entre deux. La planche du Rorschach y est analysée en tant qu’objet médiateur, propice à la production, entre perception et création, comme révélateur des processus de pensée du sujet au cœur des mouvements transférentiels.
De l'épilepsie et du diabète comme modalités de traitement des pulsions
Authors: Antoine Sylvie
Published: April 2012

Résumé Lacan a proposé la figure du noeud borroméen pour penser la structure psychique. Le nouage du réel, de l’imaginaire et du symbolique doit s’effectuer lors de la traversée de l’Œdipe. Cette fameuse figure du nœud borroméen possède la particularité qu’une coupure d’un des trois ronds libère les deux autres. Lorsque la fonction paternelle n’est pas opérante (forclusion du Nom-du-Père), le nouage ne se fait pas ou se fait mal. La séparation avec l’objet premier de la jouissance (l’Autre maternel) n’a pas lieu. De plus, le Nom-du-Père ne vient pas donner sens par ses effets à ce qui, originairement, n’en a pas. Certains symptômes auraient une fonction de prothèse, ils constitueraient un quatrième rond dans la figure borroméenne, permettant aux trois autres de tenir ensemble et contrer, par exemple, les effets du retour mortifère d’une jouissance non canalisée. Chez Monsieur R., l’épilepsie, le diabète, la masturbation compulsive mais aussi le recours à la culture et l’écriture peuvent ainsi être perçus comme autant de tentatives de nouage, autant de solutions pour faire tenir sa réalité psychique et contrer ses angoisses psychotiques.
H. I. et V., ou les lettres d'amour
Authors: Bourseul Vincent
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’épidémie de sida met durement à l’épreuve les lois de l’amour et du désir. Contaminés ou non, celles et ceux qui s’aiment n’échappent pas à l’effet de perturbation imaginaire que le virus H.I.V commet. L’expérience clinique nous apprend que le risque sexuel témoigne davantage de l’adaptation psychique du sujet au profit du désir plutôt que de sa capitulation devant les forces de la pulsion de mort. Avec Lacan et Freud, nous pouvons dégager quelques éléments des processus psychiques de l’angoisse, capables d’éclairer la marche du fantasme et de l’amour dans un effort toujours renouvelé d’œuvrer à la trame qui les supporte.
La politique industrielle en Europe
Authors: Buigues Pierre-André
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article examine la politique industrielle européenne et les différences entre les approches pour le soutien public aux entreprises des pays membres de l’Union européenne. Il s’appuie sur les développements récents de la littérature théorique et empirique sur les défaillances du marché et les subsides. Nous essayons de mieux comprendre ce qui caractérise les politiques industrielles qui réussissent et celles qui échouent sur base de l’expérience des pays européens industrialisés. JEL classifications: H25, H57, L52.
Growth and Growth Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Graber Evan , Rapaport Robert
Published: April 2012

Evaluation of a child’s growth is one of the most important aspects of the general pediatric visit. Concerns about abnormal growth are the leading reasons general pediatricians refer patients to a pediatric endocrinologist. There is wide variation in normal growth patterns and an even greater variety of conditions that manifest with growth abnormalities. Here, we review patterns of normal growth in the pediatric and adolescent populations. We then review abnormal patterns of growth that require further evaluation and possible treatment.
The Physiology of Puberty and its Disorders
Authors: Loomba-Albrecht Lindsey A. , Styne Dennis M.
Published: April 2012

Puberty is a complex process of developmental change regulated by multiple genetic and endocrine controls. Abnormal pubertal development (both precocious and delayed puberty) can cause significant distress to the patient and may in some instances be a sign of life-threatening pathology. Delayed puberty is often due to constitutional delay of growth and puberty, but will also occur in cases of primary gonadal failure and in patients with disorders leading to diminished gonadotropin levels (ie, central nervous system [CNS] tumors).

Precocious puberty may occur due to CNS disorders, certain genetic disorders, ectopic gonadotropin secretion or autonomous sex steroid secretion. Treatment is directed toward the underlying pathology, and may include agents to either stimulate or block pubertal development. Health care providers require knowledge of the normal onset of timing and rate of progression of puberty, and must be able to identify patients with abnormal pubertal development, as well as initiate the appropriate laboratory workup.
Effect of Social Media in Health Care and Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Saleh Jenine , Robinson Brooke S. , Kugler Nathan W. , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Patel Pranay , Saleh Khaled J.
Published: April 2012

With the growth of social media platforms, their potential to affect health care, and orthopedics specifically, continues to expand. We reviewed the literature to obtain all pertinent information on social media in health care and examined its strengths and weaknesses from patient and physician perspectives. Health care professionals have slowly begun to use social media to stay connected with patients. The recent use of networking sites aims to improve education, provide a forum to discuss relevant medical topics, and allow for improved patient care. The use of social media, with the understanding of its limitations, may help promote patient happiness and safety and serve as an educational platform.
Evolution and Development of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Protocol: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Radvinsky David S. , Yoon Richard S. , Schmitt Paul J. , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Swan Kenneth G. , Liporace Frank A.
Published: April 2012

The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol is a successful course offered by the American College of Surgeons. Once based on didactic lectures and seminars taught by experts in the field, trauma training has evolved to become a set of standardized assessment and treatment protocols based on evidence rather than expert opinion. As the ATLS expands, indices to predict outcome, morbidity, and mortality have evolved to guide management and treatment based on retrospective data. This historical, perspective article attempts to tell the story of ATLS from its inception to its evolution as an international standard for the initial assessment and management of trauma patients.