bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do Community-Dwelling Persons with Alzheimer Disease Fall Falls in the FINALEX Study
Authors: Perttila Niko M. , Öhman Hannareeta , Strandberg Timo E. , Kautiainen Hannu , Raivio Minna , Laakkonen Marja-Liisa , Savikko Niina , Tilvis Reijo S. , Pitkala Kaisu H.
Published: June 2017

Background: People with dementia are at high risk for falls. However, little is known of the features causing falls in Alzheimer disease (AD). Our aim was to investigate how participants with AD fall. Methods: In the FINALEX (Finnish Alzheimer Disease Exercise Trial) study, participants’ (n = 194) falls were followed up for 1 year by diaries kept by their spouses. Results: The most common reason for falls (n = 355) was stumbling (n = 61). Of the falls, 123 led to injuries, 50 to emergency department visits, and 13 to fractures. The participants without falls (n = 103) were younger and had milder dementia than those with 1 (n = 34) or ≥2 falls (n = 57). Participants with a Mini Mental State Examination score of around 10 points were most prone to fall. In adjusted regression models, good nutritional status, good physical functioning, and use of antihypertensive medication (incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.85) protected against falls, whereas fall history (IRR 2.71, 95% CI 2.13–3.44), osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, higher number of drugs, drugs with anticholinergic properties, psychotropics, and opioids (IRR 4.27, 95% CI 2.92–6.24) were risk factors for falls. Conclusions: Our study provides a detailed account on how and why people with AD fall, suggesting several risk and protective factors.
ВЛАСТИВОСТІ І ПЕРЕВАГИ ЕНТЕРОСОРБЕНТІВ НА ОСНОВІ ВИСОКОДИСПЕРСНОГО НАНОРОЗМІРНОГО КРЕМНЕЗЕМУ
Authors: Voronin Ye. P. , Chekman I. S. , Rudenko A. V. , Osіnnya L. M. , Nosach L. V.
Published: June 2017

Розглянуто фармакологічні властивості і принципи застосування ентеросорбентів на основі високодисперсного нанорозмірного кремнезему. З аналізу літератури зроблено висновок, що найбільш ефективним застосування ентеросорбції буде у випадку інфекційних захворювань, оскільки вони характеризуються високим рівнем інтоксикації. Показано, що нанорозмірний кремнезем характеризується найбільшою сорбційною активністю щодо білків, тому він є найбільш перспективною речовиною для створення нових сорбційних препаратів. Описано створені на основі високодисперсного нанорозмірного кремнезему засоби для інтакорпоральної детоксикації організму у формі водної дисперсії "Гель-сорбент" і "Гель-сорбент з ліпофільним комплексом насіння льону". Відмічено, що вони зберігають всі позитивні властивості кремнеземного ентеросорбенту у порошковій формі, але одночасно вони характеризуються новими додатковими властивостями. Зокрема, вони не пилять, їх можно легко дозувати. Крім того, наявність додатково олії льону у другому зразку практично виключає можливість закрепів при використанні ентеросорбенту.
Перспективи застосування апротиніну в щелепно-лицевій хірургії та стоматології (огляд літератури)
Authors: Paterega N. I.
Published: June 2017

The article adduces the current experience of using of the aprotinin (inhibitor of proteolisis and kininogenesis) in the clinical medicine. We also highlighted the mechanism of its influence on the organizm and  described the indications for it use with therapeutic purposes after surgical pain syndrome. We confirmed the effectivness of drugs based on aprotinin for the treatment in various pathological conditions, because of its anti-inflammatory, antifibrinolitic, antishock action. Nowadays, the drugs which contain the main active substance as aprotinin are used for the prevention and treatment of pancreatitis, pancreonecrosis, hyperfibrinolitic bleeding, complications after thrombolytic therapy and in cardiac surgery. Injection of aprotinin before surgery helps to prevent the development of diffuse bleeding during operation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of aprotinin has multivalent character. The ability of aprotinin to reduce the production of proinflammatory interleukines and at the same time stimulates the appearance of anti-inflammatory interleukins that allows to use it for reducing of surgery trauma and postoperative pain syndrome. In addition, we presented the results of local application of products containing aprotinin ("Gordoх", "Contrical", "Tachokomb", "Aerus"), used by the physiotherapy. In this article we analyzed recent literature data on the use of aprotinin in clinical dental practice and maxillofacial surgery (treatment of the maxillofacial area soft tissue inflammation, complications of bone fractures, impacted lower third molars surgery). The ability of the aprotinin to reduce the symptoms of inflammation, improve microcirculation, heal postoperative wounds and its positive impact on haemodynamics makes it an alternative to dexamethasone while dealing with the pain and swelling. All above mentioned serves as a base for more widespread application of aprotinin in practical of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.
Стоматологічний статус осіб, схильних до регулярного активного куріння
Authors: Lavrin O. Ya. , Shcherba V. V. , Krynytska I. Ya.
Published: June 2017

Smoking is associated with significantly increased risk of diseases of organs and tissues of the oral cavity, especially periodontal pathology and cancer of the mouth.The aim of the study – to investigate the prevalence, structure and clinical course of periodontal tissue diseases in people prone to regular active smoking.Materials and Methods. A study of 120 visitors who had undergone preventive examinations in the Clinic of Zbarazh Central District Municipal Hospital exposed to regular active smoking was performed. To assess the degree of inflammation in periodontal tissues we used marginally-papillary-alveolar index, periodontal index, the Green-Vermilyon index.Results and Discussion. Dental examination of persons exposed to regular active smoking, revealed periodontal disease in 102 individuals (85.0 %), intact periodont – 18 persons (15.0 %). At the same time, investigation of 30 control individuals showed periodontal disease in 12 persons (40.0 %), clinically healthy periodontal tissue – in 18 persons (60.0 %). PMA index of individuals exposed to regular active smoking, treated as severe gingivitis and was significantly higher than data of the control group in 2.5 times. Average numerical values of periodontal index in patients exposed to regular active smoking answered moderate periodontitis and significantly were higher than data of the control group in 4 times. Oral hygiene status in 62 % of those exposed to regular active smoking, was poor, 7 % – very poor, 22 % – satisfactory, 9 % – good. Average numerical values of Green-Vermilyon index in smokers was significantly higher than data of the control group in 3.1 times.Conclusions. Thus, smoking contributes to increasing of diffuse periodontal diseases and deepening of pathological process.
Itinéraires et mutations urbaines dans le Mašriq islamique (ier/viie-iiie/ixe siècles)
Authors: Bessard Fanny
Published: June 2017

In the 1st/7th and the early 2nd/8th centuries, the Arab-Muslim conquest united two immense territories, once separated by a shifting border joining the Black sea to the Persian Gulf. To the East, the Arab-Muslims dominated Central Asia and the long-held Asian empire of the Sassanids that reached as far as the Chinese and Indian borders. To the West, they controlled the southern part of the Eastern and Western Roman empires. In the 2nd/8th century, the area conquered thus formed a narrow belt of lands from the Atlantic to the Chinese borders and from Georgia to Yemen. The Middle East became a converging hub of merchants and commercial goods. The article aims to discuss the political and social mechanisms involved in redrawing the map of the routes in the Mašriq from the early Umayyads in 41/661 to the death of caliph al-Muktafī in 295/908. It investigates the impact the evolution of road networks had on settlement patterns and economic strategies.

Au ier/viie et au début du iie/viiie siècle, la conquête arabo-musulmane réunit deux immenses territoires, jusqu’alors séparés par une frontière au tracé mouvant joignant la mer Noire au golfe Persique. À l’Est, les Arabo-musulmans dominent l’Asie centrale et l’ancien empire asiatique des Sassanides jusqu’aux confins chinois, et à l’Ouest, la partie méridionale des empires romains d’Orient et d’Occident. L’espace conquis forme au iie/viiie siècle une étroite ceinture de terres de l’Atlantique aux confins de la Chine et de la Géorgie au Yémen. Dans cet espace immense, jusque-là si divisé, le Proche-Orient devient le pôle de convergence des marchands et des biens. Cette reconfiguration géopolitique du Proche-Orient au début de l’Islam entraîne des changements décisifs. L’enjeu de cet article est d’appréhender par quels mécanismes politiques et sociaux la carte des réseaux routiers du Mašriq a été redessinée entre le début du règne des Omeyyades en 41/661 et le décès du calife al-Muktafī en 295/908. Il s’agit d’explorer quel impact l’évolution des trafics eut sur les dynamiques de peuplement et sur les échanges.

This article is in French.
“The Monasticism of My Community is Jihad”: A Debate on Asceticism, Sex, and Warfare in Early Islam
Authors: Sahner Christian C.
Published: June 2017

This article explores Muslim attitudes towards asceticism in the second/eighth and third/ninth centuries by examining the famous Prophetic hadith: “Every community has its monasticism, and the monasticism of my community is ǧihād.” The hadith serves as a lens for assessing several broader phenomena, including early Muslim views of Christian monasticism, the rejection of celibacy in Islamic culture, and the promotion of a new code of sexual ethics in the post-conquest Middle East—what this article terms the “second sexual revolution of Late Antiquity.” It concludes by presenting several accounts of Christian monks who converted to Islam and joined the ǧihād, as well as Muslim soldiers who converted to Christianity and became monks.

Cet article analyse les attitudes des musulmans vis-à-vis de l’ascétisme aux deuxième/huitième et troisième/neuvième siècles en examinant le fameux hadith du Prophète : « Chaque communauté a sa forme de monachisme et le monachisme de ma communauté est le ǧihād ». Le hadith sert comme fenêtre pour évaluer plusieurs phénomènes plus larges, dont les points de vue des premiers musulmans sur le monachisme chrétien, le rejet du célibat dans la culture islamique et la promotion d’un nouveau code d’éthique sexuelle dans le Moyen Orient après la conquête – ce que cet article désigne par l’expression « seconde révolution sexuelle de l’Antiquité tardive ». Il conclut en présentant plusieurs récits de moines chrétiens qui se convertirent à l’islam et pratiquèrent le ǧihād, ainsi que des soldats musulmans qui se convertirent au christianisme et devinrent moines.

This article is in English.
Revision of Continental African Germalus (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Geocoridae)
Authors: KÓBOR P. , KONDOROSY E.
Published: June 2017

Germalus species of Continental Africa are now revised including redescription of Germalus ghesquierei Schouteden 1957 and Germalus conradsi Schouteden 1957. Two new species, Germalus oroszi sp. nov. and Germalus telekii sp. nov. are described.
Order-Constrained Estimation of Nominal Response Model Parameters to Assess the Empirical Order of Categories
Authors: García-Pérez Miguel A.
Published: June 2017

Bock’s nominal response model (NRM) is sometimes used to identify the empirical order of response categories in polytomous items but its application tags many items as having disordered categories. Disorderly estimated categories may not reflect a true characteristic of the items but, rather, a numerically best-fitting solution possibly equivalent to other solutions with orderly estimated categories. To investigate this possibility, an order-constrained variant of the NRM was developed that enforces the preassumed order of categories on parameter estimates, for a comparison of its outcomes with those of the original unconstrained NRM. For items with ordered categories, order-constrained and unconstrained solutions should account for the data equally well even if the latter solution estimated disordered categories for some items; for items with truly disordered categories, the unconstrained solution should outperform the order-constrained solution. Criteria for this comparative analysis are defined and their utility is tested in several simulation studies with items of diverse characteristics, including ordered and disordered categories. The results demonstrate that a comparison of order-constrained and unconstrained calibrations on such criteria provides the evidence needed to determine whether category disorder estimated on some items by the original unconstrained form of the NRM is authentic or spurious. Applications of this method to assess category order in existing data sets are presented and practical implications are discussed.
Early vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage in adults with non-traumatic and non-diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhang Jingjing , Sun Xiaolei , Tian Jingyi , Shi Weiyun , Yuan Gongqiang
Published: June 2017

Objective

To evaluate the etiologies for dense vitreous hemorrhage in adults with non-traumatic and reveal management of early vitrectomy for the disease.

Methods

Study included 105 eyes from 105 patients. Outcome measures were etiologies of vitreous hemorrhage, formation of retinal and/or disk neovascular membrane (NVM), incidence of retinal tear and detachment, visual acuity (VA) and postoperative complications.

Results

Mean time between presentation and surgery was 7.1 days. The most common etiologies were retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (58.1%), retinal tear (22.9%) and retinal vasculitis (10.4%). Most RVO (77.0%) and retinal vasculitis (72.7%) eyes were associated with retinal and/or disk NVM. Retinal tear and retinal detachment was found in 24 and 48 eyes, respectively. VA improved significantly from 1/70 to 0.6 following vitrectomy. The most common postoperative complication was cataract (28.6%).

Conclusion

RVO, retinal tear and retinal vasculitis were the most common causes of dense vitreous hemorrhage. Early vitrectomy has a good outcome with acceptable complication rates in this setting.
Workload Manageability Among Novice Special and General Educators: Relationships With Emotional Exhaustion and Career Intentions
Authors: Bettini Elizabeth , Jones Nathan , Brownell Mary , Conroy Maureen , Park Yujeong , Leite Walter , Crockett Jean , Benedict Amber
Published: June 2017

Novice special educators (those in their first 3 years) consistently report their workloads are unmanageable. Yet, it is not clear whether their perceptions of workload manageability contribute to outcomes of concern such as emotional exhaustion (a component of burnout) or intentions to continue teaching in their schools and districts. This pilot investigation used structural equation modeling to analyze data collected for the Michigan Indiana Early Career Teacher Study. We found (a) novice elementary and middle school special educators rated their workloads less manageable than novice elementary and middle school general educators; (b) novice special and general educators’ ratings of workload manageability predicted emotional exhaustion, which mediated a relationship between workload manageability and career intentions; and (c) the magnitude of the relationships was stronger for novice general educators. Results have implications for supporting and retaining novice special and general education teachers.
The Association Between Handgrip Strength and Diabetes on Activities of Daily Living Disability in Older Mexican Americans
Authors: McGrath Ryan P. , Vincent Brenda M. , Snih Soham Al , Markides Kyriakos S. , Dieter Brad P. , Bailey Ryan R. , Peterson Mark D.
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the independent and joint effects of muscle weakness and diabetes on incident activities of daily living (ADL) disability in older Mexican Americans. Method: A subsample of 2,270 Mexican Americans aged at least 65 years at baseline were followed for 19 years. Handgrip strength was normalized to body weight (normalized grip strength [NGS]). Weakness was defined as NGS ≤0.46 in males and ≤0.30 in females. Diabetes and ADL disability were self-reported. Results: Compared with participants that were not weak and did not have diabetes, those that had diabetes only, were weak only, and were both weak and had diabetes experienced a 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.89, 1.98]), 1.17 (CI = [1.16, 1.19]), and 2.12 (CI = [2.08, 2.16]) higher rate for ADL disability, respectively. Discussion: Muscle weakness and diabetes were independently and jointly associated with higher rates for ADL disability in older Mexican Americans.
Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) Gene Polymorphisms and Obesity Phenotypes in a Population of Young Adults
Authors: Correa-Rodríguez María , Schmidt-RioValle Jacqueline , González-Jiménez Emilio , Rueda-Medina Blanca
Published: June 2017

Obesity is considered an increasingly serious health problem determined by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Estrogens have been found to play a major role in body weight and adiposity regulation through estrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1). The aim of this study was to determine whether genotype and haplotype frequencies of ESR1 polymorphisms are associated with body composition measures in a population of 572 young adults. A lack of significant association between genotypes of ESR1 gene polymorphisms and obesity phenotypes was seen after adjustment for confounding factors. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis identified a single LD block for the ESR1 gene including PvuII and XbaI single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (pairwise r2 = .66). None of the haplotypes identified revealed statistically significant associations with any of the obesity phenotypes. Our results suggest that polymorphisms of the ESR1 gene do not contribute significantly to the genetic risk for obesity phenotypes in a population of young Caucasian adults.
‘Behead, burn, crucify, crush’: Theorizing the Islamic State’s public displays of violence
Authors: Friis Simone Molin
Published: June 2017

The militant group known as the Islamic State has become notorious for its public displays of violence. Through slick high-definition videos showing beheadings, immolations and other forms of choreographed executions, the Islamic State has repeatedly captured the imagination of a global public and provoked vehement reactions. This article examines the Islamic State’s public displays of violence. Contrary to the public constitution of the Islamic State’s violence as an exceptional evil, the article argues that the group’s staging of killings and mutilations is not an unprecedented phenomenon, but a contemporary version of a distinct type of political violence that has been mobilized by various political agents throughout centuries. However, what is new and significant about the Islamic State’s choreographed executions is the public visibility of the acts and the global spectacle that the group has created. Thus, if the Islamic State is introducing a new dynamic in global politics, it is not a new form of violence or brutality, but rather a transformation of how spectacles of violence unfold on the global stage. Subsequently, the article highlights three dimensions of the Islamic State’s public displays of violence that have facilitated the creation of the global spectacle: the Islamic State’s technological skills and professional use of media ( technology); the Islamic State’s mobilization of acts of violence that transgress prevailing sensibilities ( transgression); and the violent acts’ function as not only a form of terror, but also an integral element of a state project and a visual manifestation of an alternative political order ( politics).
Explaining electoral fraud in an advanced democracy: Fraud vulnerabilities, opportunities and facilitating mechanisms in British elections
Authors: Hill Eleanor , Sobolewska Maria , Wilks-Heeg Stuart , Borkowska Magda
Published: June 2017

Explanatory theories of electoral fraud are usually developed for new and failing democracies. However, while rarer, electoral fraud does happen in advanced democracies. Because data on fraud in advanced democracies are scarce, single instances of fraud are studied in isolation and offer very little generalisability. This study uses a unique comparative dataset of 35 in-depth, semi-structured interviews from eight locations, only half of which experienced allegations of fraud. We show that theories of why and how fraud happens in developing democracies can be extended to an advanced democracy. We also provide a detailed description of two micro-mechanisms, which facilitate fraud taking place and thus provide a causal link between the structural vulnerability to fraud and the direct opportunities for fraud to take place. The case study of Britain focuses mostly on the biraderi structures within the British South Asian communities, but we offer ways in which these structures generalise more broadly.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Complementary Pensions
Authors: Autenne Alexia
Published: June 2017

This Special Issue is devoted to the impact of European Law on complementary pensions. It examines the main features of European policy shifts related to the ageing process in the field of occupational pensions. Normative trends exemplifying mutations in European pension policies and their consequences are studied in some detail with reference to the situation of specific Member States.
Technography and design–actuality gap-analysis of internet computer technologies-assisted education: Western expectations and global education
Authors: Greenhalgh-Spencer Heather , Jerbi Moja
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we provide a design–actuality gap-analysis of the internet infrastructure that exists in developing nations and nations in the global South with the deployed internet computer technologies (ICT)-assisted programs that are designed to use internet infrastructure to provide educational opportunities. Programs that specifically pinpoint females’ access to schooling are foregrounded in this paper. For our research, we aggregated data on internet infrastructure and data on where ICT-assisted educational endeavors were being deployed in order to create a technography – a series of maps – that would illustrate where there is internet infrastructure that might support ICT-assisted educational programs, where ICT-assisted educational programs are being deployed, and where there is a design–actuality gap. Our research highlights two types of design–actuality gaps: there are places where there is access to internet infrastructure, but very little access to ICT-assisted educational programs; and there are also places where ICT-assisted educational programs have been deployed, but there is very little access to the kind of internet infrastructure that is necessary to support these programs.
How international studies contributed to educational theory and methods through measurement of opportunity to learn mathematics
Authors: Suter Larry E
Published: June 2017

The international comparative studies in 1959 were conducted by International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) researchers who recognized that differences in student achievement measures in mathematics across countries could be caused by differences in curricula. The measurements of opportunity to learn (OTL) grew from a small effort in 1959 to a much larger efforts by 1995 to explain whether countries with high achievement were more likely to teach advanced mathematics. In general, the relationship of coverage of a mathematics topic was weakly related to the level of mathematics performance, but did have some effect on growth. This paper finds that differences in measurement methods of OTL across the studies greatly affected the outcome of the relationship. Recent Program for International Student Achievement (PISA) analyses indicate that the relationship between OTL and student achievement might be described as a curvilinear relationship. Countries with lower achievement are more likely to be affected by curriculum coverage than are high-performing countries.
Light Absorptive Properties of Articular Cartilage, ECM Molecules, Synovial Fluid, and Photoinitiators as Potential Barriers to Light-Initiated Polymer Scaffolding Procedures
Authors: Finch Anthony J. , Benson Jamie M. , Donnelly Patrick E. , Torzilli Peter A.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Many in vivo procedures to repair chondral defects use ultraviolet (UV)-photoinitiated in situ polymerization within the cartilage matrix. Chemical species that absorb UV light might reduce the effectiveness of these procedures by acting as light absorption barriers. This study evaluated whether any of the individual native biochemical components in cartilage and synovial fluid interfered with the absorption of light by common scaffolding photosensitizers.

Materials

UV-visible spectroscopy was performed on each major component of cartilage in solution, on bovine synovial fluid, and on four photosensitizers, riboflavin, Irgacure 2959, quinine, and riboflavin-5′-phosphate. Molar extinction and absorption coefficients were calculated at wavelengths of maximum absorbance and 365 nm. Intact articular cartilage was also examined.

Results

The individual major biochemical components of cartilage, Irgacure 2959, and quinine did not exhibit a significant absorption at 365 nm. Riboflavin and riboflavin-5′-phosphate were more effectual light absorbers at 365 nm, compared with the individual native species. Intact cartilage absorbed a significantly greater amount of UV light in comparison with the native species.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that none of the individual native species in cartilage will interfere with the absorption of UV light at 365 nm by these commonly used photoinitiators. Intact cartilage slices exhibited significant light absorption at 365 nm, while also having distinct absorbance peaks at wavelengths less than 300 nm. Determining the UV absorptive properties of the biomolecules native to articular cartilage and synovial fluid will aid in optimizing scaffolding procedures to ensure sufficient scaffold polymerization at a minimum UV intensity.
The impact of age, gender and severity of overactive bladder wet on quality of life, productivity, treatment patterns and satisfaction
Authors: Lloyd SM , Crawford G , McSkimming P , Grifi M , Greenwell TJ , Ockrim JL
Published: June 2017

Objective:

The objective of this article is to determine the impact of idiopathic overactive bladder wet (OAB wet) severity, age and gender on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), productivity, treatment patterns and treatment satisfaction.

Materials and methods:

A prospective, cross-sectional online survey of adults in the United Kingdom was performed to screen for self-reported symptoms of OAB wet. Respondents completed the King’s Health Questionnaire or the Incontinence Quality of Life, as well as the Euroqol 5D, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Specific Health Problem questionnaire, and questions pertaining to distress, treatment and treatment satisfaction.

Results:

A total of 249 of 1126 respondents (22.1%) met the criteria for OAB wet. Respondents with moderate/severe OAB wet and all women experienced significantly worse HRQoL and work productivity than those with mild symptoms and all men, respectively. Among all OAB wet responders, 62.7% were receiving treatment for their condition, predominantly pads (40.2%); only 1.6% were receiving specialised treatment. Nearly one-half (44.6%) were somewhat or completely dissatisfied with their current treatment.

Conclusion:

In individuals with OAB wet, severity and gender negatively impact HRQoL and work productivity. A substantial proportion of OAB wet individuals were untreated, and low treatment satisfaction was reported in those receiving treatment. Treatment was generally conservative.
A structure-based argument for non-classical crystal growth in natural clay minerals
Authors: García-Romero Emilia , Suárez Mercedes
Published: June 2017

Evidence of crystallization by particle attachment in synthetic materials is described in numerous contributions. However, efforts to establish the contribution of the particle attachment mechanism to inorganic crystallization in natural environments have barely begun. Here, we show, for the first time, evidence that confirms oriented particle attachment as a crystal growth mechanism that is relevant in sedimentary environments. In these natural settings, oriented particle attachment operates during the formation of highly anisotropically structured clay minerals, which constitute one of the most extensively distributed groups of minerals in the Earth's crust. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that the clay minerals aggregation process occurs in different manners. Smectites aggregate by semi-oriented attachment, while kaolinite, sepiolite and palygorskite aggregate by oriented attachment.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Stromal vascular fraction cells for the treatment of critical limb ischemia: a pilot study
Authors: Darinskas Adas , Paskevicius Mindaugas , Apanavicius Gintaras , Vilkevicius Gintaris , Labanauskas Liutauras , Ichim Thomas E. , Rimdeika Rytis
Published: June 2017

Background

Cell-based therapy is being explored as an alternative treatment option for critical limb ischemia (CLI), a disease associated with high amputation and mortality rates and poor quality of life. However, therapeutic potential of uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells has not been evaluated as a possible treatment. In this pilot study, we investigated the efficacy of multiple injections of autologous uncultured adipose-derived SVF cells to treat patients with CLI.

Methods

This study included 15 patients, from 35 to 77 years old, with rest pain and ulceration. SVF cells were injected once or twice in the ischemic limb along the arteries. Digital subtraction angiography was performed before and after cell therapy. The clinical follow up was carried out for the subsequent 12 months after the beginning of the treatment.

Results

Multiple intramuscular SVF cell injections caused no complications during the follow-up period. Clinical improvement occurred in 86.7% of patients. Two patients required major amputation, and the amputation sites healed completely. The rest of patients achieved a complete ulcer healing, pain relief, improved ankle-brachial pressure index and claudication walking distance, and had ameliorated their quality of life. Digital subtraction angiography performed before and after SVF cell therapy showed formation of numerous vascular collateral networks across affected arteries.

Conclusion

Results of this pilot study demonstrate that the multiple intramuscular SVF cell injections stimulate regeneration of injured tissue and are effective alternative to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis in CLI patients who are not eligible for conventional treatment.

Trial registration number at ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN13001382. Retrospectively registered at 26/04/2017.
Etiologies, diagnostic work-up and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome with no common risk factor: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: de Prost Nicolas , Pham Tài , Carteaux Guillaume , Mekontso Dessap Armand , Brun-Buisson Christian , Fan Eddy , Bellani Giacomo , Laffey John , Mercat Alain , Brochard Laurent , Maître Bernard ,   for the LUNG SAFE investigators,   the ESICM trials group,   the REVA network
Published: June 2017

Background

Patients meeting the Berlin definition for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) might lack exposure to one or more “common” risk factors and exhibit different clinical phenotype and outcomes. We aimed to compare the clinical presentation and outcome of ARDS patients with or without risk factors, the impact on hospital mortality, and to assess the diagnostic work-up performed. The current study is an ancillary analysis of an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study (the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure, LUNG SAFE). Patients meeting ARDS criteria within 2 days of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure onset were included in the study and categorized as having risk factors or not. Outcomes were compared using propensity score matching.

Results

Among 2813 patients, 234 (8.3% [7.3–9.3]) had no ARDS risk factor identified. These were older, had more frequent chronic diseases and presented with less severe SOFA and non-pulmonary SOFA scores (p < 0.001). Compared to other ARDS, CT scan (32.1 vs 23.9%, p < 0.001) and open lung biopsy (2.6 vs 0.2%, p < 0.001) were slightly more frequent but left heart filling pressures assessment was not (69.4 vs 68.4%, p > 0.99). Among ARDS with no risk factor, 45 patients (19.2%) had a specific diagnosis made. As compared to others, patients having ARDS with no risk factor had a lower ICU but not hospital mortality (34.6 vs 40.0%; p = 0.12). A matched cohort analysis confirmed the lack of significant difference in mortality.

Conclusion

Eight percent of ARDS patients have no identified risk factor, 80% of whom have no etiological diagnosis made. The outcome of ARDS with no risk factor was comparable to other ARDS but few had a comprehensive diagnostic work-up, potentially leading to missed curable diseases.

Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02010073
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Desflurane anesthesia worsens emergence agitation in adult patients undergoing thyroid surgery compared to sevoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Kurazumi Takuya , Ueda Tomomi , Nagata Hiromasa , Yamada Takashige , Kosugi Shizuko , Hashiguchi Saori , Ito Koichi , Morisaki Hiroshi
Published: June 2017

Background

The effect of volatile anesthetics on emergence agitation in adults remains unclear. We compared the degree of emergence agitation between desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia in adults undergoing thyroid surgery.

Findings

One hundred and sixteen patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1 or 2 were randomized into two groups: the desflurane group (group D) and the sevoflurane group (group S). After induction of anesthesia with fentanyl (1–2 μg/kg) and propofol (1.5–2.5 mg/kg), tracheal intubation was facilitated with suxamethonium (0.5–1.0 mg/kg). In group D, anesthesia was maintained with desflurane in 66% nitrous oxide and 33% oxygen supplemented with fentanyl when necessary; in group S, sevoflurane was used instead of desflurane. After the end of the surgery, emergence agitation was evaluated with a modified pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale (ranging from 0 to 16, with higher scores indicating more severe emergence agitation) before extubation. Time to extubation from the end of the surgery, postoperative pain (evaluated by a numerical rating scale [NRS]), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after surgery were examined. The degree of emergence agitation was more severe in group D than in group S (median [interquartile range]: 5 [4–7] vs 4 [2–6],p = 0.008). Time to extubation, NRS scores, and PONV rates were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

Desflurane anesthesia worsened emergence agitation as compared with sevoflurane in adult patients undergoing thyroid surgery, but did not affect time to extubation, postoperative pain, or PONV.

Trial registration

UMIN000014215
Potential Drug-Drug and Herb-Drug Interactions in Patients With Cancer: A Prospective Study of Medication Surveillance
Authors: Ramos-Esquivel Allan , Víquez-Jaikel Álvaro , Fernández Cristina
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

Patients with cancer frequently use herbal supplements and concomitant medications along with antineoplastic agents. These patients are at high risk of herb-drug interactions (HDIs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We aimed to determine clinically relevant DDIs and HDIs leading to pharmaceutical intervention.

Methods:

Patients starting a new anticancer therapy were asked to complete a questionnaire to identify concomitant use of any over-the-counter drug or herbal supplement. Potential DDIs and HDIs were identified using two different databases. If a potentially clinically relevant DDI was recognized by the clinical pharmacist, a notification was sent to the prescribing oncologist, who decided whether to carry out a suggested intervention. Regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with clinically relevant DDIs.

Results:

A total of 149 patients were included in this study, with 36 potentially clinically relevant DDIs identified in 26 patients (17.4%; 95% CI, 11.3% to 23.5%), all of them leading to therapy modifications. In total, four patients (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 5.3%) had experienced clinical consequences from DDIs at the time of pharmacist notification. Additionally, 84 patients (56.4%; 95% CI, 48.4% to 64.4%) reported using concurrent herbal supplements, and 122 possible HDIs were detected. Concomitant use of two or more drugs was independently associated with high risk of a clinically significant DDI (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.08 to 5.91; P = .03).

Conclusion:

Potentially clinically relevant DDIs and possible HDIs were frequently detected in this prospective study. A multidisciplinary approach is required to identify and avoid potentially harmful combinations with anticancer therapy.
Critique, Crisis, Cri
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: June 2017

If critique supposes the possession of a criterion that allows us to discriminate between true and false or between good and evil, it is no longer certain that our culture possesses such a criterion. As such, the idea of critique now finds itself in crisis.
Endovascular Approach to Glomus Jugulare Tumors
Authors: Kocur Damian , Ślusarczyk Wojciech , Przybyłko Nikodem , Hofman Mariusz , Jamróz Tomasz , Suszyński Krzysztof , Baron Jan , Kwiek Stanisław
Published: June 2017

Background: Paragangliomas are benign neuroendocrine tumors derived from the glomus cells of the vegetative nervous system. Typically, they are located in the region of the jugular bulb and middle ear. The optimal management is controversial and can include surgical excision, stereotactic radiosurgery and embolization.

Case Report: We report the endovascular approach to three patients harboring glomus jugulare paragangliomas. In all cases incomplete occlusion of the lesions was achieved and recanalization in the followup period was revealed. Two patients presented no clinical improvement and the remaining one experienced a transient withdrawal of tinnitus.

Conclusions: It is technically difficult to achieve complete obliteration of glomus jugulare tumors with the use of embolization and the subtotal occlusion poses a high risk of revascularization and is not beneficial in terms of alleviating clinical symptoms.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitation of ceftriaxone, metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole in plasma from seriously ill, severely malnourished children
Authors: Ongas Martin , Standing Joseph , Ogutu Bernhards , Waichungo Joseph , Berkley James A. , Kipper Karin
Published: June 2017

We have developed and validated a novel, sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of ceftriaxone (CEF), metronidazole (MET) and hydroxymetronidazole (MET-OH) from only 50 µL of human plasma, and unbound CEF from 25 µL plasma ultra-filtrate to evaluate the effect of protein binding. Cefuroxime axetil (CEFU) was used as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted by a protein precipitation procedure with acetonitrile and separated on a reversed-phase Polaris 5 C18-Analytical column using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and 10 mM aqueous ammonium formate pH 2.5, delivered at a flow-rate of 300 µL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed in the positive ion mode using the transitions m/z555.1→m/z396.0 (CEF), m/z172.2→m/z 128.2 (MET), m/z188.0→m/z125.9 (MET-OH) and m/z528.1→m/z 364.0 (CEFU) to quantify the drugs. Calibration curves in spiked plasma and ultra-filtrate were linear (r2 ≥ 0.9948) from 0.4–300 µg/mL for CEF, 0.05–50 µg/mL for MET and 0.02 – 30 µg/mL for MET-OH. The intra- and inter- assay precisions were less than 9% and the mean extraction recoveries were 94.0% (CEF), 98.2% (MET), 99.6% (MET-OH) and 104.6% (CEF in ultra-filtrate); the recoveries for the IS were 93.8% (in plasma) and 97.6% (in ultra-filtrate). The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of CEF, MET and MET-OH in hospitalized children with complicated severe acute malnutrition following an oral administration of MET and intravenous administration of CEF over the course of 72 hours.
A proposed new definition of mental health
Authors: Galderisi Silvana , Heinz Andreas , Kastrup Marianne , Beezhold Julian , Sartorius Norman
Published: June 2017

Autorzy proponują nowe podejście do definicji zdrowia psychicznego, odmienne od proponowanego przez WHO, zbudowanego wokół zagadnień dobrostanu i produktywności osoby. Miałoby ono odzwierciedlać złożoność ludzkiego przeżywania.
Experimental Investigation and Statistical Approach to Wear Characterization of Plasma Nitrided AISI 4140 Steel-A Case Study
Authors: Bhaskar Santosh V. , Kudal Hari N.
Published: June 2017

Components of forming tool dies such as draw ring, ejector pin use AISI 4140 as material for their manufacturing. The integrity of the die cutting tools is essential to achieve adequate product quality. In present study, the influence of plasma nitriding (PN) on the wear behav-iour of AISI 4140 steel was investigated. Full factorial experimental design technique was used to study the main effects and the interaction effects between operational parameters and the response variable. The control factors at their two levels (-1 and +1) were: applied load (4.905N and 14.715N), sliding speed (3.14 m/s and 5.23 m/s), and sliding distance (500m and 1000m).The parameters were coded as A, B, and C, consecutively, and were investigated at two levels (-1 and +1). Response selected was Wear Volume Loss (WVL). The effects of in-dividual variables and their interaction effects for dependent variables, namely, WVL were determined. The process of selecting significant factors, based on statistical tools, is illustrat-ed. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to know the impact of individual factors on the WVL. Untreated and PN treated AISI 4140 specimens were investigated using field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. Finally diagnostics tools were used to check adequacy of the model in terms of assumptions of ANOVA. ‘Design Expert-7’ and ‘Minitab 17’ softwares were used in the study. Results of statistical analysis indicate that the most effective parameters in the WVL were load and sliding speed. The interaction between load and sliding speed was the most influencing interaction. Results of regression analysis indicate regression coefficient (R2) to be above 90% which suggests good predictability of the model. ‘Predicted-R2’ and ‘Adjusted-R2’, found to be in good agreement with R2, for both the materials under investigation. More-over, results of SEM microscopy suggest PN to be an effective technique to reduce wear.
Inverse Optimization for the Recovery of Market Structure from Market Outcomes: An Application to the MISO Electricity Market
Authors: Birge John R. , Hortaçsu Ali , Pavlin J. Michael
Published: June 2017

We propose an inverse optimization-based methodology to determine market structure from commodity and transportation prices. The methods are appropriate for locational marginal price-based electricity markets where prices are shadow prices in the centralized optimization used to clear the market. We apply the inverse optimization methodology to outcome data from the Midcontinent ISO electricity market (MISO) and, under noise-free assumptions, recover parameters of transmission and related constraints that are not revealed to market participants but explain the price variation. We demonstrate and evaluate analytical uses of the recovered structure including reconstruction of the pricing mechanism and investigations of locational market power through the transmission constrained residual demand derivative. Prices generated from the reconstructed mechanism are highly correlated to actual MISO prices under a wide variety of market conditions. In a case study, the residual demand derivative is shown to be correlated with coefficients of certain transmission constraints.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1606 .
Efektifitas Pemberian Proton Pump Inhibitor pada Bayi dan Anak dengan Laringomalasia
Authors: Sahyuni Riza , Supriyatno Bambang , MH Syahrial , Kekalih Aria
Published: June 2017

Latar belakang. Laringomalasia merupakan kondisi kelemahan struktur supraglotis yang menimbulkan gejala stridor. Umumnya, penyakit penyerta laringomalasia adalah refluks laringofaring (RLF). Pemberian omeperazol dapat memperbaiki gejala regurgitasi dan stridor serta memperpendek durasi perjalanan alamiah laringomalasia.Tujuan. Mengetahui efektifitas omeperazol pada bayi dan anak dengan laringomalasia.Metode. Uji pre-post experimental pada 42 subyek yang mendapat omeperazol 2x2 mg/kg/bb selama 3 bulanHasil. Pemberian omeperazol pada laringomalasia dengan gejala berat, 58,8% mengalami perbaikan. Pemberian omeperazol pada laringomalasia dengan RLF positif, 58,3% mengalami perbaikan. Tampak perbaikan bermakna secara statistik pada perbandingan nilai awal dan akhir reflux finding score (RFS) dan laringomalacia score symptom (LSS)Kesimpulan. Prevalensi RLF positif berdasar RFS menurut Belafsky adalah 24,6% dan berdasar LSS dengan gejala berat adalah 44,6%. Efektifitas pemberian omeperazol selama 3 bulan terbukti efektif pada perbaikan nilai LSS, RFS dan status gizi.
Perbandingan Profil Hematologi dan Trombopoietin sebagai Petanda Sepsis Neonatorum Awitan Dini
Authors: Wilar Rocky , Welly Silfy , Masloman Nurhayati , Tatura Suryadi
Published: June 2017

Latar belakang. Sepsis neonatorum memiliki gejala klinis yang tidak spesifik dan diagnosis dengan pemeriksaan kultur memerlukan waktu yang lama. Telah dilaporkan beratnya derajat sepsis bertambah seiring peningkatan kadar trombopoietin (TPO) sehingga TPO dapat dijadikan salah satu petanda derajat sepsis.Tujuan. Membandingkan profil hematologi dengan TPO sebagai petanda sepsis neonatorum awitan dini (SNAD).Metode. Studi potong lintang, dilakukan di Sub Bagian Neonatologi Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP.Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou, bulan November 2012 sampai April 2014. Didapatkan 103 neonatus tersangka SNAD. Diperbandingkan kadar profil hematologi (jumlah leukosit, jumlah trombosit dan IT rasio) dengan TPO. Hasil. Hasil uji diagnostik TPO dengan cut-off point 259 pg/mL pada SNAD diperoleh nilai sensitivitas 76,8% dan spesifisitas 24,4%; jumlah trombosit (T) sensitivitas 42,9% dan spesifisitas 87,2%; jumlah leukosit (L) sensitivitas 30,4% dan spesifisitas 87,3%; IT-rasio (IT) sensitivitas 67,3% dan spesifisitas 50%; L+T diperoleh sensitivitas 58,9% dan spesifisitas 74,5%; L+IT sensitivitas 73,2% dan spesifisitas 46,8%; T+IT sensitivitas 78,6% dan spesifisitas 44,7% sedangkan L+T+IT sensitivitas 83,9% dan spesifisitas 34%.Kesimpulan. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas TPO tidak lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan profil hematologi sebagai petanda diagnosis SNAD.
Obesity and reproductive health of women
Authors: Gorbatenko Natalya V. , Bezhenar Vitaliy F. , Fishman Mihail B.
Published: June 2017

Obesity has a negative impact on female reproductive health. The review presents literature data on current views on the etiology, pathogenesis of obesity and its impact on the reproductive health of women. Particular attention is paid to problems arising in women of reproductive age who are obese.