bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital anomalies in newborns of women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide population‐based study in Norway, 1999–2004
Authors: Eidem Ingvild , Stene Lars C. , Henriksen Tore , Hanssen Kristian F. , Vangen Siri , Vollset Stein E. , Joner Geir
Published: October 2010

Objective. To estimate the risk of congenital anomalies in offspring of women with type 1 diabetes in Norway during recent years. Design. Nationwide population‐based study using the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian type 1 Diabetes Registry. Setting. All birth clinics in Norway. Participants. All births in Norway during 1999–2004 (N = 350,961), of which 1,583 were births by a mother registered with pregestational type 1 diabetes. Main outcome measure. Congenital anomalies, excluding minor anomalies according to the EUROCAT system. Results. Anomalies were registered in 5.7% of offspring of women with type 1 diabetes, and in 2.9% among the background population (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7–2.6). Cardiovascular anomalies were registered in 3.2% in the diabetes group and 0.94% in the background population (odds ratio 3.5, 95% CI: 2.7–4.7). Results were similar when restricted to women identified with type 1 diabetes through the Diabetes Registry. Conclusions. Women in Norway with type 1 diabetes experience a significantly higher risk of congenital anomalies in their babies compared with the background population.
Extensive craniocervical pneumocranium
Authors: Satgunaseelan Laveniya , McLean Catriona , Cousins Vincent C. , Hwang Peter Y.
Published: October 2010

The authors report the first case of extensive craniocervical pneumocranium causing mass effect, without any associated extradural pneumatocele. The patient presented with frontal headaches and unusual sensations in his left ear. He was found to have large pneumocranium involving his left frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones as well as the atlas. He underwent a craniectomy with replacement of the pneumatized bone with titanium mesh, and mastoidectomy with obliteration of the mastoid air cells. This case is discussed in the context of the literature to date. A review of the literature shows that trauma is not a common cause of pneumocranium, with most cases occurring spontaneously. The authors believe that a combined neurosurgical-otological approach is beneficial in such cases.
Impact of individual intracranial arterial aneurysm morphology on initial obliteration and recurrence rates of endovascular treatments: a multivariate analysis
Authors: Songsaeng Dittapong , Geibprasert Sasikhan , ter Brugge Karel G. , Willinsky Robert , Tymianski Michael , Krings Timo
Published: October 2010

Object

The goal was to investigate whether morphological features of aneurysms can be identified that determine initial success and recurrence rates of coiled aneurysms of the basilar artery tip, the posterior communicating artery (PCoA), and the anterior communicating artery.

Methods

The authors evaluated 202 aneurysms in connection with their pretreatment morphological features including size, neck-to-dome ratio, angulation of the aneurysm in relation to the parent artery, orientation of the aneurysm dome, and associated anatomical variations. The mean follow-up was 19 months (range 6–96 months) after endovascular coil occlusion. Using multivariate logistic regression, probabilities for initial complete occlusion and long-term stability of the treatment were calculated.

Results

Recanalization occurred in 49 of 202 cases. Favorable factors for long-term stability included small aneurysms with small necks. However, additional factors related to local hemodynamic forces could be identified for the different aneurysm locations, which may influence initial success rates and long-term stability of aneurysm treatment with endovascular coiling. These factors were a medial dome orientation and a symmetrical disposition of both A1 segments (for the anterior communicating artery), a posteroinferior dome orientation and a small-size PCoA (for the PCoA), and a cranial symmetrical fusion (for the basilar artery tip).

Conclusions

A detailed pretreatment analysis of morphological features of aneurysms may help to determine those aneurysms that are more prone to recurrence, which could add to the treatment decision and the follow-up algorithm.
Minimally invasive repair of spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Farhat Hamad I. , Hood Brian , Vanni Steven , Levi Allan D.
Published: October 2010

Spontaneous spinal CSF leakage with the development of intracranial hypotension is a well-described entity. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks, mostly from the thoracic spine, are the major cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Conservative treatment options include hydration, oral caffeine, and epidural blood patching. Alternatively, open surgical correction of meningeal diverticula is a therapeutic option. The authors describe 4 cases of spontaneous spinal CSF leakage producing symptoms of intracranial hypotension. All patients had multiple spinal diverticula with an identified leaking level. The patients were treated using a minimally invasive approach via surgical correction of the meningeal diverticulum.
A 3-tier classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Spetzler Robert F. , Ponce Francisco A.
Published: October 2010

Object

The authors propose a 3-tier classification for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The classification is based on the original 5-tier Spetzler-Martin grading system, and reflects the treatment paradigm for these lesions. The implications of this modification in the literature are explored.

Methods

Class A combines Grades I and II AVMs, Class B are Grade III AVMs, and Class C combines Grades IV and V AVMs. Recommended management is surgery for Class A AVMs, multimodality treatment for Class B, and observation for Class C, with exceptions to the latter including recurrent hemorrhages and progressive neurological deficits. To evaluate whether combining grades is warranted from the perspective of surgical outcomes, the 3-tier system was applied to 1476 patients from 7 surgical series in which results were stratified according to Spetzler-Martin grades.

Results

Pairwise comparisons of individual Spetzler-Martin grades in the series analyzed showed the fewest significant differences (p < 0.05) in outcomes between Grades I and II AVMs and between Grades IV and V AVMs. In the pooled data analysis, significant differences in outcomes were found between all grades except IV and V (p = 0.38), and the lowest relative risks were found between Grades I and II (1.066) and between Grades IV and V (1.095). Using the pooled data, the predictive accuracies for surgical outcomes of the 5-tier and 3-tier systems were equivalent (receiver operating characteristic curve area 0.711 and 0.713, respectively).

Conclusions

Combining Grades I and II AVMs and combining Grades IV and V AVMs is justified in part because the differences in surgical results between these respective pairs are small. The proposed 3-tier classification of AVMs offers simplification of the Spetzler-Martin system, provides a guide to treatment, and is predictive of outcome. The revised classification not only simplifies treatment recommendations; by placing patients into 3 as opposed to 5 groups, statistical power is markedly increased for series comparisons.
Successful obliteration and shrinkage of giant partially thrombosed basilar artery aneurysms through a tailored flow reduction strategy with bypass surgery
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu , Funaki Takeshi , Iihara Koji , Takahashi Jun C.
Published: October 2010

Object

The authors evaluated the efficacy of a new flow reduction strategy for giant partially thrombosed upper basilar artery (BA) aneurysms, for which proximal parent artery occlusion is not always effective.

Methods

Eight consecutive patients with severely symptomatic, partially thrombosed, giant upper BA aneurysms were treated with a tailored flow reduction strategy, or received conservative therapies. The flow reduction strategy comprised isolation of several branches from the upper BA at their origins with bypasses in addition to parent artery occlusion.

Results

The median follow-up period of all 8 patients was 15.0 months (range 4–31 months). In 6 patients treated with flow reduction, the mean decrease in residual blood lumen was −10.7 mm (95% CI −19.7 to −1.7 mm; p = 0.029) and the mean decrease in diameter of the aneurysms was −11.5 mm (95% CI −25.1 to 2.1 mm; p = 0.082). Complete or virtually complete thrombosis was achieved in all but 1 aneurysm (83%) and shrinkage was observed in 4 (67%). In those in whom complete or virtually complete thrombosis was achieved, significant shrinkage of the aneurysm was observed (mean decrease in diameter −14.8 mm; 95% CI −28.8 to −0.8 mm; p = 0.043). Improvement or stabilization of symptoms occurred in 67% of the patients who received flow reduction treatment. Both patients who received conservative treatment had unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusions

The flow reduction strategy is effective at promoting complete thrombosis of the aneurysm. This strategy can also induce shrinkage of the aneurysm if successful thrombosis is achieved. Although the neurological outcome of the treatment appears favorable considering its intractable nature, further study of the treatment is necessary to confirm its clinical efficacy and safety.
Long-term outcome after resection of brainstem hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: Wind Joshua J. , Bakhtian Kamran D. , Sweet Jennifer A. , Mehta Gautam U. , Thawani Jayesh P. , Asthagiri Ashok R. , Oldfield Edward H. , Lonser Russell R.
Published: October 2010

Object

Brainstem hemangioblastomas are frequently encountered in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. These tumors can cause significant morbidity, and their optimal management has not been defined. To better define the outcome and management of these tumors, the authors analyzed the long-term results in patients who underwent resection of brainstem hemangioblastomas.

Methods

Consecutive patients with VHL disease who underwent resection of brainstem hemangioblastomas with a follow-up of 12 months or more were included in this study. Serial functional assessments, radiographic examinations, and operative records were analyzed.

Results

Forty-four patients (17 male and 27 female) underwent 51 operations for resection of 71 brainstem hemangioblastomas. The most common presenting symptoms were headache, swallowing difficulties, singultus, gait difficulties, and sensory abnormalities. The mean follow-up was 5.9 ± 5.0 years (range 1.0–20.8 years). Immediately after 34 operations (66.7%), the patients remained at their preoperative functional status; they improved after 8 operations (15.7%) and worsened after 9 operations (17.6%) as measured by the McCormick scale. Eight (88.9%) of the 9 patients who were worse immediately after resection returned to their preoperative status within 6 months. Two patients experienced functional decline during long-term follow-up (beginning at 2.5 and 5 years postoperatively) caused by extensive VHL disease–associated CNS disease.

Conclusions

Generally, resection of symptomatic brainstem hemangioblastomas is a safe and effective management strategy in patients with VHL disease. Most patients maintain their preoperative functional status, although long-term decline in functional status may occur due to VHL disease–associated progression.
Interstitial Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy: A Very Rare Variety
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Chalontika M
Published: October 2010

A 28 years old lady, para 2+0 presented with complaints of amenorhoea for 8 weeks and lower abdominal pain for 4 hours with features of shock. Clinically the patient was diagnosed as a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Cornual resection with left sided salpingectomy was done. Histopathology report confirmed interstitial tubal ectopic pregnancy which is a very rare and life threatening form of ectopic pregnancy. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v39i1.6233 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2010; 39(1): 44-46
Energy Recovery for the Main and Auxiliary Sources of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ye Min , Jiao Shengjie , Cao Binggang
Published: October 2010

Based on the traditional regenerative braking electrical circuit, a novel energy recovery system for the main and auxiliary sources of electric vehicles (EVs) has been developed to improve their energy efficiency. The electrical circuit topology is presented in detail. During regenerative braking, the recovered mechanical energy is stored in both the main source and the auxiliary source at the same time. The mathematical model of the proposed system is derived step by step. Combining the merits and defects of H2 optimal control and H∞ robust control, a H2/H∞ controller is designed to guarantee both the system performance and robust stability. The perfect match between the simulated and experimental results validates the notion that the proposed novel energy recovery system is both feasible and effective, as more energy is recovered than that with the traditional energy recovery systems, in which recovered energy is stored only in the main source.
Low-Cost Feedstock Conversion to Biodiesel via Ultrasound Technology
Authors: Babajide Omotola , Petrik Leslie , Amigun Bamikole , Ameer Farouk
Published: October 2010

Biodiesel has attracted increasing interest and has proved to be a good substitute for fossil-based fuels due to its environmental advantages and availability from renewable resources such as refined and waste vegetable oils. Several studies have shown that biodiesel is a better fuel than the fossil-derived diesel in terms of engine performance, emissions reduction, lubricity and environmental benefits. The increasing popularity of biodiesel has generated great demand for its commercial production methods, which in turn calls for the development of technically and economically sound process technologies. This paper explores the applicability of ultrasound in the optimization of low-cost feedstock – in this case waste cooking oil – in the transesterification conversion to biodiesel. It was found that the conversion efficiency of the waste oil using ultrasound was higher than with the mechanical stirring method. The optimized variables of 6:1 methanol/oil ratio at a reaction temperature of 30 °C and a reaction time of 30 min and 0.75% KOH (wt/wt) catalyst concentration was obtained for the transesterification of the waste oil via the use of ultrasound.
The Role of Monotonicity in the Epistemic Analysis of Strategic Games
Authors: Apt Krzysztof R. , Zvesper Jonathan A.
Published: October 2010

It is well-known that in finite strategic games true common belief (or common knowledge) of rationality implies that the players will choose only strategies that survive the iterated elimination of strictly dominated strategies. We establish a general theorem that deals with monotonic rationality notions and arbitrary strategic games and allows to strengthen the above result to arbitrary games, other rationality notions, and transfinite iterations of the elimination process. We also clarify what conclusions one can draw for the customary dominance notions that are not monotonic. The main tool is Tarski’s Fixpoint Theorem.
Effect of Marine Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis
Authors: Thibane Vuyisile S. , Kock Johan L. F. , Ells Ruan , Wyk Pieter W. J. van , Pohl Carolina H.
Published: October 2010

The effect of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids on biofilm formation by the human pathogens Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis was investigated. It was found that stearidonic acid (18:4 n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) have an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial metabolism of both C. albicans and C. dubliniensis and that the production of biofilm biomass by C. dubliniensis was more susceptible to these fatty acids than C. albicans. Ultrastructural differences, which may be due to increased oxidative stress, were observed between treated and untreated cells of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis with formation of rough cell walls by both species and fibrillar structures in C. dubliniensis. These results indicate that marine polyunsaturated fatty acids may be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of biofilms formed by these pathogenic yeasts.
Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial Activities of Some Novel Schiff Bases Derived from Aminophenazone
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Khan Salman A
Published: October 2010

A series of 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one-containing Schiff bases were synthesized, characterized and screened for their antibacterial activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS) and elemental analyses. The anti-bacterial activities (with MIC values) of compounds were evaluated. The anti-bacterial screening results reveal that among the six compounds screened, four compounds showed moderate to good anti-bacterial activity. Among the tested compounds, the most effective compounds against four bacterial strains, viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Streptococcus pyogenes, are [(2-Chlorobenzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one (4) and [(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-ylimino)methyl]benzonitrile (5) with MIC values of 6.25 μg/mL.
Natural Antioxidants: Fascinating or Mythical Biomolecules?
Authors: Ndhlala Ashwell R. , Moyo Mack , Van Staden Johannes
Published: October 2010

Research on the use, properties, characteristics and sources of antioxidants especially phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, synthetic chemicals and some micronutrients began in the late 18th century. Since then antioxidant research has received considerable attention and over a hundred thousand papers have been published on the subject. This has led to a rampant use of antioxidants in order to try to obtain and preserve optimal health. A number of nutraceuticals and food supplements are frequently fortified with synthetic or natural antioxidants. However, some research outcomes have led to the belief that antioxidants exist as mythical biomolecules. This review provides a critical evaluation of some common in vitro antioxidant capacity methods, and a discussion on the role and controversies surrounding non-enzymatic biomolecules, in particular phenolic compounds and non-phenolic compounds, in oxidative processes in an attempt of stemming the tidal wave that is threatening to swamp the concept of natural antioxidants.
A Monitoring System for Vegetable Greenhouses based on a Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Li Xiu-hong , Cheng Xiao , Yan Ke , Gong Peng
Published: October 2010

A wireless sensor network-based automatic monitoring system is designed for monitoring the life conditions of greenhouse vegetatables. The complete system architecture includes a group of sensor nodes, a base station, and an internet data center. For the design of wireless sensor node, the JN5139 micro-processor is adopted as the core component and the Zigbee protocol is used for wireless communication between nodes. With an ARM7 microprocessor and embedded ZKOS operating system, a proprietary gateway node is developed to achieve data influx, screen display, system configuration and GPRS based remote data forwarding. Through a Client/Server mode the management software for remote data center achieves real-time data distribution and time-series analysis. Besides, a GSM-short-message-based interface is developed for sending real-time environmental measurements, and for alarming when a measurement is beyond some pre-defined threshold. The whole system has been tested for over one year and satisfactory results have been observed, which indicate that this system is very useful for greenhouse environment monitoring.
Glucose Sensing Neurons in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Authors: Routh Vanessa H.
Published: October 2010

Neurons whose activity is regulated by glucose are found in a number of brain regions. Glucose-excited (GE) neurons increase while glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons decrease their action potential frequency as interstitial brain glucose levels increase. We hypothesize that these neurons evolved to sense and respond to severe energy deficit (e.g., fasting) that threatens the brains glucose supply. During modern times, they are also important for the restoration of blood glucose levels following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Our data suggest that impaired glucose sensing by hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons may contribute to the syndrome known as hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in which the mechanisms which restore euglycemia following hypoglycemia become impaired. On the other hand, increased responses of glucose sensing neurons to glucose deficit may play a role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. This review will discuss the mechanisms by which glucose sensing neurons sense changes in interstitial glucose and explore the roles of these specialized glucose sensors in glucose and energy homeostasis.
Wearable Systems for Monitoring Mobility-Related Activities in Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Allet Lara , Knols Ruud H. , Shirato Kei , Bruin Eling D. de
Published: October 2010

The use of wearable motion sensing technology offers important advantages over conventional methods for obtaining measures of physical activity and/or physical functioning in individuals with chronic diseases. This review aims to identify the actual state of applying wearable systems for monitoring mobility-related activity in individuals with chronic disease conditions. In this review we focus on technologies and applications, feasibility and adherence aspects, and clinical relevance of wearable motion sensing technology. PubMed (Medline since 1990), PEdro, and reference lists of all relevant articles were searched. Two authors independently reviewed randomised trials systematically. The quality of selected articles was scored and study results were summarised and discussed. 163 abstracts were considered. After application of inclusion criteria and full text reading, 25 articles were taken into account in a full text review. Twelve of these papers evaluated walking with pedometers, seven used uniaxial accelerometers to assess physical activity, six used multiaxial accelerometers, and two papers used a combination approach of a pedometer and a multiaxial accelerometer for obtaining overall activity and energy expenditure measures. Seven studies mentioned feasibility and/or adherence aspects. The number of studies that use movement sensors for monitoring of activity patterns in chronic disease (postural transitions, time spent in certain positions or activities) is nonexistent on the RCT level of study design. Although feasible methods for monitoring human mobility are available, evidence-based clinical applications of these methods in individuals with chronic diseases are in need of further development.
Experimental Method for Characterizing Electrical Steel Sheets in the Normal Direction
Authors: Hihat Nabil , Lecointe Jean Philippe , Duchesne Stephane , Napieralska Ewa , Belgrand Thierry
Published: October 2010

This paper proposes an experimental method to characterise magnetic laminations in the direction normal to the sheet plane. The principle, which is based on a static excitation to avoid planar eddy currents, is explained and specific test benches are proposed. Measurements of the flux density are made with a sensor moving in and out of an air-gap. A simple analytical model is derived in order to determine the permeability in the normal direction. The experimental results for grain oriented steel sheets are presented and a comparison is provided with values obtained from literature.
Small mammals in the upper belts of the Ural Mountains
Authors: Bolshakov V. N. , Berdjugin K. I.
Published: October 2010

[es] Se revisa la distribución de los roedores en los pisos superiores de los Urales en comparación con la de los cinturones Inferiores y las llanuras adyacentes. Los resultados se basan en los datos obtenidos por los autores después de muchos años y en la información que aporta la bibliografía.
[fr] On revoit la distribution des rongeurs dans les étages supérieurs des monts Ourals en comparaison avec la distribution dans les étages inférieurs et les plaines adjacentes. Les résultats se sont appuyés dans les données obtenus par les auteurs après de beaucoup d'années de travail et dans l'information qu'apporte la bibliographie.
Seasonality and cyclic tendency of mortality in a Pyrenean population
Authors: González-Martín A. , Toja D. I.
Published: October 2010

[es] Las características de la mortalidad Influyen decisivamente en la estructura demográfica de las poblaciones, regida por diferentes factores: internos (rasgos específicos genéticos y culturales), externos (características del ecosistema) e intermedios (capacidad de la población de autoajustarse al ambiente). El estudio de la distribución estacional de las 3313 defunciones registradas en la Villa de El Pont de Suert (Alta Ribagorça, Cataluña) desde 1664 evidencia la importancia de todos estos factores. Los patrones de distribución muestran el Influjo de las condiciones climáticas, de los ambientes epidemiológicos, así como de las transformaciones socioeconómicas y demográficas. El modelo de tendencia cíclica en la mortalidad, común a muchas poblaciones ibéricas de montaña, no se evidencia en esta población.

[fr] Les caractéristiques de la mortalité influent sur la structure démographique des populations, qui est, à son tour, déterminée par différents facteurs: internes (traits génétiques et culturelles spécifiques), externes (caractéristiques de l'écosystème) et intermédiaires (capacité de la population de s'adapter à l'environnement). L'analyse de la distribution saisonnière des 3313 décès enregistrés, depuis 1664, à El Pont de Suert (Alta Ribagorça, Catalogne, Espagne) montre l'importance de tous ces facteurs. Les patrons de distribution mettent en évidence l'influence des conditions climatiques, des ambiances épidémiologiques, ainsi que les transformations socio-économiques et démographiques. Le modèle de tendance cyclique de la mortalité, commun à beaucoup de populations ibériques de montagne, n'est pas ici évident.
Geomorpho-pédogenèse dans des accumulations alluviales d'un piémont andin: Étude du contact Andes-Llanos Occidentaux au Venezuela (Région de Guanare-Barinas)
Authors: Pouyllau Daniel , Pouyllau Michel , Seurin Maggy
Published: October 2010

[fr] Le piémont sud-oriental des Andes vénézuéliennes étudié et située entre les villes de Guanare et de Barinas, s'étend sur 150.000 ha dans une zone où la forêt sèche tropicale est la végétation climacique. Durant l'orogenèse andine mio-pliocène et quaternaire, une intense érosion a entraîné, en même temps, le déblaiement des matériaux des hauts-bassins, leur transport vers la dépression des Llanos et le dépôt en nappes généralisées; le démantèlement de celles-ci a conduit à la topographie actuelle des terrasses. L'étude de ce piémont permet d'émettre une série d'hypothèses sur l'évolution géomorphologique régionale.
[es] El piedemonte suroriental de los Andes venezolanos, ubicado entre las ciudades de Guanare y de Barinas, cubre 150.000 has. y su vegetación climácica es el bosque seco tropical. Durante la orogénesis andina, mio-pliocena y cuaternaria, una intensa erosión originó al mismo tiempo el arrastre de los materiales de las cuencas altas, su transporte hacia la depresión de loa Llanos, su deposición en mantos generalizados y el desmantelamiento de los mismos, formando la topografía actual de las terrazas. El estudio de este piedemonte permite emitir una serle de hipótesis sobre la evolución geomorfológica regional.
Tendencias en el estudio de los cambios de uso del suelo en las montañas españolas
Authors: Lasanta Martínez T.
Published: October 2010

[es] En el presente trabajo se estudia la producción bibliográfica desde 1970 hasta 1990 sobre gestión y cambios de usos del suelo en la montaña española. A partir de la consulta de las revistas de geografía publicadas por las universidades españolas, actas de coloquios y principales monografías se hace un análisis bibliométrico. En un primer apartado se señala la distribución espacial y temporal de los estudios sobre la montaña española, destacándose, por un lado, el incremento de citas habido durante la década de los ochenta y. por otro lado, que la cordillera pirenaica es la que registra mayor número de citas. En un segundo apartado se analizan los temas más tratados por los trabajos recopilados, diferenciando ocho grandes bloques temáticos. Se concluye señalando el bajo nivel científico que, a juicio del autor, tiene buena parte de la producción bibliográfica existente.
[fr] L'auteur étude dans ce travail la production bibliographique dès 1970 à 1990 sur la gestion et changes de l'utilisation du sol dans les montagnes de l'Espagne. Au moyen la consultation des revues de la Géographie éditées par les universités espagnoles, actes du colloques et monographies les plus importantes en fait un analyse bibliométrique. En premier lieu, l'auteur montre la distribution spatiale et temporale des études sur la montagne espagnole. Il détache, d'un part, l'accroissement de la bibliographie pendant les années 1980; d'autre part. Il montre que les Pyrénées est la cordillère la plus étudiée. En second lieu, on analyse les thèmes les plus importantes qui apparaitrent dans la bibliographie, en différenciant huit grands bloc thématiques. L'auteur finis en montrant le bas nivel scientifique qui a la plus part de la production bibliographique en existante.
Observations on nivation and its geomorphological effects in mountains at high latitude (with Mt. Njulla Massif in Northern Sweden as example)
Authors: Raczkowska Zofia
Published: October 2010

[es] Este trabajo presenta el papel de las manchas de nieve en la evolución de laderas de montaña de la zona periglaciar, apoyándose en los resultados de cartografía geomorfológica de la región de Mt. Njulla, Norte de Suecia. La eficacia de la nivación está fuertemente controlada por la estructura geológica. En la vertiente oriental, al pie de la ladera, los procesos de nivación juegan un papel crítico en la creación de nichos nivales transversales y de terrazas de crioplanación. En la vertiente occidental, el agua de fusión, que surge de las manchas de nieve, facilita la meteorización y el transporte de materiales ladera abajo. La vegetación de la región estudiada también se halla Influida por la vegetación. Sin embargo, los efectos de la nivación se limitan a retoques en el relieve.
[fr] Dans cette étude on a discuté le rôle géomorphologique des taches de neige dans la transformation du relief dans la zone périglaciére, à la base de l'analyse de la carte morphologique de la région de Njulla, au nord de la Suède. On a constaté un rapport évident entre les effets des processus de nivation et la structure géologique. Sur le versant est formé sur le front de l'escarpement structural, les processus de nivation jouent un grand rôle dans la formation des niches nivales transversales ou des terrasses de cryoplantions. Sur le versant ouest l'eau provenant des taches de neige fondantes joue un grand rôle dans l'érosion et dans le transport des éboulis en aval du versant. On peut observer également l'influence des processus de nivation sur le tapis végétal dans cette région. Néanmoins les effets de nivation sont limités à la retouche faible du relief hérité.
Soil properties relevant to land degradation in abandoned sloping fields in Aisa valley, Central Pyrenees (Spain)
Authors: Pardini G. , Aringhieri R. , Plana F. , Gallart F.
Published: October 2010

[es] La caracterización de diversas propiedades del suelo en campos abandonados del valle de Aisa, montaña media del Pirineo Central, ha mostrado que dichos suelos presentan algunos caracteres de interés desde el punto de vista de la conservación. La estabilidad de los agregados y los test de agrietamiento evidencian un comportamiento aceptable, gracias al papel agregante de la materia orgánica y carbonatos de calcio, a pesar que los iones calcio, en algunas ocasiones, pueden ejercer un papel antagonista adicional y favorecer el sellado de la superficie del suelo, aumentando la escorrentía superficial. Por otra parte, la micromorfología sugiere que el estado de degradación de los suelos contrasta con la actividad pedogénica.
Estos resultados, juntamente con la presencia de cenizas, apoyan la hipótesis de que el estado de degradación en estas áreas es consecuencia principalmente de una utilización incorrecta después del abandono de los cultivos.
[fr] Un étude des propriétés des sois dans une zone à cultures en pente abandonnées dans la vallée d'Aisa (Pyrénées Centrales) nous a montré quelques caractéristiques significatives du point de vue de leur conservation.
En effet, les essais de stabilité des agrégats et les essais de rétraction montrent un comportement satisfaisant qui peut être attribué au rôle de la matière organique et au ion calcium, malgré qui celui peut favoriser le scellage de la surface. La micromorphologie des sols suggère que la pauvreté de ces sols est en contradiction avec l'activité pédogénique. Ces résultats et la présence de cendres dans le profil appuyant l'hypothèse que le mauvais état de conservation de ces aires peut être principalement attribuée aux pratiques souffertes après leur abandonnement.
The use of ecological theory and autecological datasets in studies of endangered plant and animal species and communities
Authors: Hodgson John G.
Published: October 2010

[es] Considerando que prácticamente todos los hábitats de Europa han sido afectados por los usos de la tierra modernos, la conservación de la diversidad de su flora y fauna se presenta como un problema muy grave y urgente. En este artículo se describe un método simple para analizar cambios florísticos, contemplando el uso de la teoría ecológica y la colección de datos autoecológicos sencillos. Dicho método constituye una herramienta para evaluar la naturaleza y severidad de procesos de pérdida de la diversidad biológica. Se dan ejemplos ilustrando el uso de este enfoque en la identificación de las causas de cambios florísticos y en el análisis funcional de datos fitosociológicos. Se presentan, además, las razones que explican la presencia de especies raras o muy comunes de mariposas y aves. A partir de estos últimos resultados, se concluye que en breve será posible realizar una interpretación funcional similar de datos zoológicos.
[de] Nur wenige, wenn überhaupt, der Lebensrame in Europa sind unberührt von moderner Landnutzung und die Probleme der Erhaltung der Vielfalt in der Flora und Fauna sind sowohl dringend als auch immens. Dieser Artikel beschreibt eine einfache Methode um die Veränderungen in der floristischen Zusammensetzung zu untersuchen. Diese Methode wird sich hoffentlich als nützlich für die Abschätzung von Ausprägung und Intensität dieser Bedrohungen herausstellen. Die Methode beinhaltet die Benutzung von ökologischer Theory und die Sammlung einfacher autökologischer Daten. Es werden Beispiele gegeben, die lllustrieren sollen, wie diese Vorgehensweise benutzt werden kann, um zum einen die Gründe für den Wandel in der floristischen Zusammensetzung zu identifiziern und zum anderen eine funktionale Analyse pflanzensoziologischer Daten bereitzustellen. Außerdem wird dargestellt, daß als ein Ergebnis einer Untersuchung der Gründe für die Häufigkeit und Seltenheit von Vöglein und Schmetterlingen eine ähnlichfunktional begründete Interpretation zoologischer Daten sehr bald möglich sein wird.
Zonas de aludes en la Vallferrera: Clasificación y riesgo geomorfológico
Authors: Mases Coberó Montserrat , Vilaplana Fernández Joan Manuel
Published: October 2010

[es] La Vallferrera es una cuenca que se encuentra en el Pirineo Occidental Catalán, limitando al E con Andorra. En ella se ha realizado un estudio de las características de las zonas de aludes, desde dos perspectivas (MASES, 1991): En primer lugar se efectúa una descripción y una clasificación de las diferentes morfologías de las zonas de aludes comparando su distribución con algunos parámetros intrínsecos de la cuenca (litología, relieve preexistente, etc.). Se ha observado que las diferentes morfologías de las zonas de aludes son producto de la adaptación de éstas al relieve glacial preexistente. En segundo lugar se entra en el análisis del riesgo geomorfológico que los aludes comportan en esta zona del Pirineo, identificando cuatro sectores donde el riesgo es alto debido a la interferencia de éstos con la estructura social.
[fr] La Vallferrera est une vallée de 193 Km2 qui se trouve dans le versant sud des Pyrénées, à la limite occidentale de l'Andorre, et qui draine ses eaux à la Noguera Pallaresa. Dans cette zone on a réalisé une étude qui définit les différentes caractéristiques des zones d'avalanches, selon deux points de vues différents (MASES, 1991): Premièrement on fait une description et une classification des différentes morphologies des zones d'avalanches en comparant leur distribution avec des paramètres intrinsèques du bassin versant (lithologie, modelé préexistant, etc.). On a observé que les différentes morphologies des zones d'avalanches proviennent de l'adaptation de la dynamique nivale aux formes glaciaires préexistantes. En second lieu on a analysé le risque géomorphologique que produisent les avalanches dans cette vallée pyrénéenne. On a identifié quatre secteurs où le risque est élevé à cause de la superposition entre la dynamique des avalanches et la structure sociale.
Análisis del papel de las terrazas de cultivo abandonadas en la hidrología y dinámica de sedimentos en una pequeña cuenca de montaña
Authors: Llorens P. , Latron J. , Gallart F.
Published: October 2010

[es] Dentro de la cuenca de Cal Parisa (36 Ha) una subcuenca de 17 Ha de superficie fue instrumentada en 1989 para el estudio de la respuesta hidrológica y la dinámica de sedimentos de áreas montañosas altamente modificadas por la agricultura tradicional y actualmente en estado de abandono. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el papel conservador del sistema de terrazas o bancales de cultivo que se manifiesta en una alta capacidad de retención hídrica y una muy baja producción de sedimentos, a pesar de que dentro de la cuenca se movilizan cantidades significativas de sedimentos que no alcanzan el exutorio. En períodos lluviosos la saturación parcial de las terrazas de cultivo produce importantes volúmenes de escorrentía que al ser canalizados rápidamente por el sistema de drenajes artifíciales provocan marcados picos de crecida, presentándose en consecuencia estos canales como los elementos de mayor riesgo hidrológico y de erosión lineal. Actualmente el cese en el mantenimiento del sistema de drenajes, como resultado del abandono de las labores agrícolas, provoca su desorganización, lo que puede acarrear importantes consecuencias hidrogeomofológicas como erosión en cárcavas y deslizamientos.
[fr] Au sein du bassin versant de Cal Parisa (36 Ha) un sous-bassin de 17 Ha fut instrumenté en 1989 dans le but d'étudier la réponse hydrologique et la dynamique des sédiments en régions montagneuses fortement marquées par l'agriculture traditionnelle et actuellement abandonnées. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence le rôle conservateur du système de terrasses qui se caractérise par une grande capacité de rétention hydrique ainsi qu'une très faible production de sédiments, malgré les volumes de sédiments mobilisés dans le bassin mais qui n'atteignent pas l'exutoire. Lors de périodes pluvieuses, la saturation partielle des terrasses de culture produit d'importants volumes d'écoulement, qui, rapidement canalisés par le système de drainage artificiel, provoquent des pics de crue marqués, faisant par conséquent de ces canaux de drainage des éléments majeurs de risque hydrologique et d'érosion linéaire. Aujourd'hui, l'absence d'entretien du réseau de drainage, résultant de l'abandon des pratiques agricoles, entraine sa désorganisation susceptible de présenter d'importantes conséquences hydro-géomorphologiques comme le creusement de ravins et les glissements de terrain.
Modelos de ocupación en áreas de montaña: la isla de Gran Canaria (1478-1865)
Authors: Santana Santana Antonio A.
Published: October 2010

[es] En este artículo se exponen los resultados del estudio de los modelos históricos de ocupación del territorio de la isla de Gran Canaria, entre finales del siglo XV y mediados del XIX. Se distinguen cuatro grandes etapas: Prehistórica (anterior al siglo XV). Colonización (finales del siglo XV y siglo XVI), Antiguo Régimen (siglos XVII y XVIII) y Puertofranquista (siglo XIX), atendiendo a una periodización comúnmente aplicada en el estudio de las Islas Canarias.
En este trabajo se profundiza en el análisis de los modelos de ocupación de medios insulares montañosos desde una perspectiva diacrónica y biogeográfica. El modelo de ocupación y el proceso de colonización se analizan inmersos en un medio natural caracterizado por una oferta de recursos bien diferenciada y complementaria. Se estudia el grado de influencia del medio en dos sociedades sustancialmente distintas: la neolítica canaria y la europea moderna.
[fr] Dans cet article sont exposés les résultats d'une étude des modèles historiques d'occupation du territoire de l'Ile de Gran Canaria, depuis la fin du XVème siècle jusqu'à la moitié du XIXème siècle. On distingue 4 grandes périodes: Préhistoire (avant le XVème siècle), Colonisation (fin du XVème siècle et XVIème siècle). Ancien Régime (XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles), et Puertofranquiste (XIXème siècle), selon une division temporelle souvent utilisée dans l'étude des Iles Canaries.
Ce travail réalise une analyse approfondie d'un point de vue diachronique et biogéographique. Le modèle d'occupation et le processus de colonisation sont analysés en insertion dans un milieu naturel caractérisé par des ressources bien différenciées et complémentaires. On a étudié le degré d'influence du milieu sur deux sociétés fondamentalement différentes: la société néolithique des Canaries et la société européenne moderne.
Variabilidad fenotípica de un endemismo localizado en islas ecológicas: Pinguicula longifolia subsp. longifolia (Lentibulariaceae)
Authors: García M. B. , Antor R. J.
Published: October 2010

[es] En el presente trabajo se examina la variabilidad de algunos caracteres florales en un endemismo casmófito del Pirineo central: Pinguicula longifolia subsp. longifolia. La especie presenta una notable variabilidad fenotípica intra e interpoblacional para los tres caracteres examinados (longitud del pedúnculo, del espolón y del labio Inferior de la corola), y las diferencias entre poblaciones no están relacionadas con las distancias geográficas que las separan. Los factores ecológicos e históricos deben ser más responsables de su restringida distribución actual que los de tipo genético o reproductivo.
[fr] Dans ce travail, nous étudions la variabilité de quelques caractères floraux d'une plante endémique rupicole des Pyrénées centrales: Pinguicula longifolia subsp. longifolia. Pour les trois caractères examinés (longueur du pédoncule floral, du éperon et du lèvre Inférieur de la corolle), cette espèce montre une variabilité phénotypique entre populations et dans chaque population; d'ailleurs, les différences entre les populations ne sont pas en rapport avec les distances géographiques qui les séparent. Les facteurs écologiques et historiques semblent mieux expliquer sa repart très restreinte que d'autres facteurs génétiques ou reproductifs.
The effect of human factors (cutting, burning and uprooting) on experimental heatland plots
Authors: Calvo L. , Tárrega R , Luis E.
Published: October 2010

[fr] On étudie la réponse de la régénération après brûlage, coupe et l'arrachage dans les parcelles expérimentales de bruyère avec dominance de E. australis subsp. aragonensis. On observe un plus grand pourcentage de couverture d'espèces annuelles après deux ans de traitements. À partir de ce moment, les therophytes diminuent, et sont remplacées par des espèces pérennes, propres de la communauté. Grâce au calcul de l'hétérogénéité temporelle, on met en évidence les changements les plus importants lors des les premières étapes. La régénération se produit par un processus d'autosuccession, avec une récupération plus lente, car l'arrachage a été très drastique.
[es] Se estudia la respuesta de regeneración tras quema, corta y arranque en parcelas experimentales de brezal, con dominio de E. australis subsp. aragonensis (L). Se observa el mayor porcentaje de cobertura de especies anuales a los dos años de los tratamientos. A partir de ese momento, las terófitas tienden a disminuir, siendo sustituidas por especies perennes, propias de la comunidad. Mediante el cálculo de la heterogeneidad temporal se ponen de manifiesto los mayores cambios en las etapas iniciales. La regeneración se produce por un proceso de autosucesión, siendo el arranque más drástico por tanto muestra de una recuperación más lenta.
La reserva de semillas en una cuenca de "badlands" (Petrer, Alicante)
Authors: García-Fayos P. , Recatalá T. María
Published: October 2010

[es] Se estudia el número de semillas presentes en la superficie de las laderas de una cuenca de "badlands" en Petrer (Alicante) y en los sedimentos producidos por cinco episodios de lluvia. Se discute la relación entre la erosión y la ausencia de vegetación de dichas laderas. Los resultados sugieren cierta redistribución y pérdida de semillas por erosión, aunque esto no es suficiente, aparentemente, para explicar la falta de vegetación, debiéndose considerar la influencia de otros factores como el edafoclima y el sustrato sobre la germinación y el desarrollo de las plantas.
[fr] On étudie le nombre de graines trouvées sur la surface des versants de "badland" de trois petits bassins à Petrer (Alicante), ainsi que dans les sédiments recueillis après cinq épisodes de pluie. On discute la relation entre l'érosion et l'absence de végétation sur ces versants. Les résultats suggèrent une redistribution et perte des graines par érosion, bien que cela ne semble pas suffisant pour expliquer le manque de végétation, ce qu'obligera à considérer d'autres facteurs comme l'influence du pédoclimat et du substrat sur la germination et le développement des plantes.
Primary dispersal of Cytisus multiflorus seeds
Authors: Moreno Marcos G. , Gómez Gutiérrez J. M. , Fernández Santos B.
Published: October 2010

[es] En el presente trabajo se estudia la dispersión primaria de las semillas de Cytisus multiflorus: cuantificación de la producción, mecanismos de dispersión, distribución de las semillas tras la diseminación, y su estado de latencia. Para ello se colocaron dispositivos de recogida de las semillas debajo y alrededor de las plantas, anotando la cantidad y distancia de la calda; posteriormente eran sembradas para comprobarla viabilidad y dormición de las semillas. Los resultados indican la existencia de una dispersión por dehiscencia explosiva; solamente el 35% de las semillas caen bajo la planta, haciéndolo el resto en sus alrededores; algunas alcanzaron distancias superiores a los 3 m. El índice de dormición es de 98.9%.
[fr] Dans le présent travail on étudie la dispersion primaire des graines de Cytisus multiflorus: quantification de la production, mécanismes de dispersion, distribution des graines après la dissémination et leur état de latence. Pour ce faire on a placé des dispositifs de récolte des graines au dessous et autour des plantes, enregistrant la quantité et la distance de la chute; après elles étaient semées pour tester la viabilité et dormance des graines. Les résultats indiquent l'existence d'une dispersion par déhiscence explosive; seulement 35% des graines tombent au-dessous de la plante, et le reste dans les alentours; quelques-unes atteignent des distances supérieures à 3 m. L'index de dormition est de 98.9%.