bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOUR‐YEAR‐OLDS IN A NEW SUBURB: THE NEED FOR MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CARE
Authors: LAGERKVIST B. , LAURITZEN S. , OLIN P. , TENGVALD K.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Lagerkvist, B., Lauritzen, S., Olin, P. and Tengvald, K. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, St. Goran's Hospital for Children, Stockholm, Sweden). Four‐year‐olds in a new suburb: The need of medical and social care. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:413, 1975.–The standardized Swedish health examination of 4‐year‐olds was performed in a residential suburb of Stockholm with a high percentage of young families and immigrants. Emphasis was placed on identifying children in need of pedagogic and psychological measures. Psychological problems were identified by: a structured interview with the parents, and an examination of the child, including developmental screening tests and the parents' assessment of the child's behaviour at home. We have placed more emphasis on the findings and evaluation at the examination than on interview data when arriving at a psychological diagnosis. The somatic part of the examination revealed only minor problems, confirming previous studies on four‐year‐olds in Sweden. Twelve percent of the 257 children were referred for further psychological investigation, and 16% were recommended early admittance to preschool because of psychological problems. Among the 46 immigrant children who did not have any Swedish parent, more than 50% did not speak Swedish and were recommended early admittance to preschool. In the whole material, 41 % needed or were already (17 %) in preschool or day nurseries. This indicates unfulfilled demands on such services within the community. The mother's perception of her lack of social contacts in the neighbourhood correlated with the presence of psychological problems and the need for subsequent measures for her child.
ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN SCHOOLGIRLS
Authors: LINDBERG U. , CLAESSON I. , HANSON L. A. , JODAL U.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Lindberg, U., Claësson, I., Hanson, L. å. and Joda), U. (Departments of Paediatrics and Roentgenology, the Children's Hospital, and the Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. I. Clinical and laboratory findings. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:425, 1975.–Among 116 schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria detected at urinary screening, renal parenchymal reduction was found in 10·3 %, while reflux was found in 20·7 %. Only 30 % of the 116 patients had a history referable to earlier urinary tract infection and there were remarkably few girls with an increased sedimentation rate (4·4 %), C‐reactive protein (9·5 %), pyuria (25·8%) or lowered concentrating capacity (3·4%) at the time of detection of their bacteriuria. No method was found efficient in predicting lesions on the pyelogram and urethrocystogram, but determination of renal concentrating capacity and C‐reactive protein was of some value in predicting parenchymal reduction. The girls with pyelonephritic changes on the pyelogram had a mean renal concentrating capacity significantly lower than the girls without changes. The concentrating capacity of the girls with reflux but without renal scarring and those bacteriuric patients without radiologically demonstrated defects did not differ significantly from the age‐related normal values.
ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN SCHOOLGIRLS
Authors: LINDBERG U. , HANSON L. A. , JODAL U. , LIDIN‐JANSON G. , LINCOLN K. , OLLING S.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Lindberg, U., Hanson, L. å., Jodal, U., Lidin‐Janson, G., Lincoln, K. and Oiling, S. (Department of Paediatrics and Departments of Immunology and Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. II. Differences in Escherichia coli causing asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:432, 1975.–Three hundred and forty‐three E. coli strains isolated from the urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), symptomatic cystitis, or pyelonephritis were analysed with regard to O group distribution and sensitivity to the bactericidal effect of normal serum. Strains of O groups 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 16, 18 and 75 were found in 31·3% in ABU, in 58.7% in cystitis and in 79·8% in pyelonephritis. Spontaneous agglutination was noted in 45.2% of ABU, 6·5% of cystitis and 1·7% of pyelonephritis strains. The strains from patients with ABU were significantly more sensitive to the bactericidal effect of normal serum than were those from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection. In some patients with untreated ABU, changes in the characteristics of the urinary strains isolated were noted. The strains tended to become spontaneously agglutinating as well as more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of normal serum. The strains found in patients with ABU probably had an altered cell wall compared with those found in patients with symptomatic infections such that they produce fewer symptoms and possibly be less virulent.
EFFECT OF GLUCAGON ON BLOOD GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: WU PAUL Y. K. , MODANLOU HOUCHANG , KARELITZ MAYENNE
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Wu, P. Y. K., Modanlou, H. and Karelitz, M. (Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles County‐University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA). Effect of glucagon on blood glucose homeostasis in infants of diabetic mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:441, 1975.–Thirty infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups of 10 babies each. Group A were used as controls. Group B received glucagon 300Uµg/kg i.m. and Group C received glucagon 300µg/kg i.v. at birth. Hypoglycemia developed in 6 infants in Group A and 4 infants in Group B. None of the infants in Group C had hypoglycemia. Mean blood glucose was higher in Group C in the first 3 hours than Group A, and higher in Group B in the first 1/2‐1 hour. I.v. glucagon, 300µg/kg when given in the first IS minutes after birth prevented hypoglycemia in IDM in the first hours of life.
HEREDITARY ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: SAUDUBRAY J. M. , CATHELINEAU L. , LAUGIER J. M. , CHARPENTIER C. , LEJEUNE J. A. , MOZZICONACCI P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Saudubray, J. M., Cathelineau, L., Laugier, J. M., Charpentier, C, Lejeune, J. A. and Mozzionacci, P. (Clinique Médicale Infantile, Hôpital des Enfants‐Malades, Paris, Laboratoire du Pr. C. Polonovski, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, and Laboratoire du Pr. Lemonnier, Hôpital du Kremlin‐Bicêtre, Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre, France). Hereditary ornithine trans‐carbamjlast deficiency. Report of two male cases with residual enzymatic activity. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:464, 1975.–The authors report two male cases of liver ornithine carbarn} 1 transferase deficiency. In one the disease occurred at 8 years of age with hyperam‐moniemic coma leading to death in 48 hours. In the second case, symptoms appeared on the sixth day of life but the outcome was favorable. The child is normal at 15 months. In both cases, there was a residual 6–10 % OCT activity. These observations are similar to two other male cases in the literature and are different from the male neonatal fatal form in which the deficiency is virtually total. They underline the genetically heterogeneous nature of OCT deficiencies and the fact that in this X‐Iransmitted trait, hemizygotes can preserve a functional enzymatic activity compatible with life.
SCREENING FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS BY ANALYSIS OF ALBUMIN IN MECONIUM
Authors: KOLLBERG H. , HELLSING K.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Kollberg, H. and Hellsing, K. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Screening for cystic fibrosis by analysis of albumin in meconium. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:477, 1975.–A clinical study of the albumin content in meconium was performed on two categories of newborn infants: a screening series of 8830 infants and a high‐risk group for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) of 70 infants. A single radial immunodiffusion technique and test strips were used. Three CF infants were detected in the screening series (1:3000) and 16 in the high‐risk group. The diagnostic accuracy for CF was fairly good. The specificity was 99·8 % for the immunodiffusion technique and 99·2 % for test strips. A high concentration of albumin in meconium was found not only in CF but also in preterm babies and infants with gastrointestinal disturbances, such as atresias, malaena neonatorum and malabsorption syndromes. The sensitivity was 90% for the immunodiffusion technique and 78 % for the test strip. False‐negative results were probably due to proteolytic activity and might be avoided if the samples are stored at a low temperature before analysis. CF screening of all meconiums by the use of test strips followed by analysis of positive tests by the immunodiffusion technique is suggested.
COMPLEMENT FIXING AND LYMPHOCYTOTOXIC ANTIBODIES IN SERUM OF PREGNANT WOMEN AT DELIVERY
Authors: GUNNARNYMANDM
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Nymand, G. (Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Aalborg, Denmark). Complement fixing and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in serum of pregnant women at delivery, HI. Acta Paediatr Scand 64:531, 1975.–The investigation comprised 2008 pregnancies. Sera from all the pregnant women were examined for complement fixing platelet antibodies (CFPAb) and lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTAb). 14 women had only CFPAb, 44 had CFPAb and LCTAb, 224 had only LCTAb. In 3 of 481 cord blood serum samples LCTAb were demonstrated. No cases of neutropenia or thrombocytopenia were observed. No association was found between CFPAb or LCTAb and stillbirth, birth defects, degree of bilirubinaemia, diseases of the newborn, or placental weight. It was suggested that the applied lymphocytotoxicity test detects both in vivo cytolytic antibodies and enhancing antibodies, which may explain the results.
THE USE OF CLINICAL GESTATIONAL AGE ASSESSMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STANDARDS FOR BIRTHWEIGHT IN A RURAL NIGERIAN COMMUNITY
Authors: J.BRUETON M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: B rue ton, M. J. (Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria). The use of clinical gestational age assessment in the construction of standards for birthweight in a rural Nigerian community. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:537, 1975.–The management of low birthweight infants in the developing world is complicated by the lack of criteria for distinguishing between preterm and small for gestational age newborns. Clinical gestational age assessment has been applied to 850 normal singleton neonates in a rural Nigerian community. The technique used was sufficiently accurate to enable centile curves for birthweight and gestational age to be constructed. Comparison with a European community showed that in the African babies weight gain was reduced in late pregnancy and had ceased by 40 weeks gestation but that the median birthweight was less at each week of gestation studied. The preparation and use of such reference curves for birthweight and gestational age for the study of the reasons for these differences is discussed.
MALDESCENT OF THE THYMUS IN A HYPOPARATHYROID INFANT WITH PHARYNGEAL POUCH SYNDROME
Authors: VESTERHUS P. , EIDE J. , FRφLAND S. S. , HANEBERG B. , JACOBSEN K. B.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Vesterhus, P., Eide, J. Frtftand, S. S., Haneberg, B, and Jacobsen, K. B. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Pathology, the Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, and Institute of Immunology and Rheumatology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway). Maldescent of the thymus in a hypoparathyroid infant with pharyngeal pouch syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:555, 1975.–The clinical and pathological findings in a 6‐month‐old boy with III‐IV pharyngeal pouch syndrome are reported. The infant had multiple congenital anomalies including absence of the parathyroid glands, maldescent of the thymus, aberrant right subclavian artery and dysfunction of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Because of persistence of the thymus in the cervical area, a thymic shadow was not found on roentgenographic examination of the anterior mediastinum. The weight and histology of the thymus were normal, as were studies of humoral and cellular immunity.
A STUDY OF SOME BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO‐ECONOMIC FACTORS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: VäRENDH GUNILLA
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Bjerre, I. and Värendh, G. (Department of Paediatrics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). A study of some biological and socio‐economic factors in low birth weight. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:605, 1975.–of 3841 children born alive in Malmo in Sweden in 1966, 188, 4.9 % had a birthweight of ≤2 500 g. We studied these children with their families and a control group in order to form an opinion on the role played by certain social and biological factors in the aetiology of LBW in a country with a relatively high average standard of living. Biological factors were analysed, such as the mother's age, parity, stature, and weight, as well as purely socio‐economic factors such as the mother's civil status, the social group of the mother and father, income, mother's allowance in case of illness, social help or investigations regarding one or more members of the family, as well as the frequency of immigrants. The combined effect of various socio‐economic factors was judged by help of a “social score”. The results were analysed for 3 different groups of low birth weight, appropriate for gestational age, small for gestational age and multiple births. Judging from our investigation, biological factors probably play the greatest role in the question of LBW but these factors are difficult to distinguish from socio‐economic factors which probably still play a certain role in the group preterm children, appropriate for gestational age.
CHYMOTRYPTIC ACTIVITY IN STOOL OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS IN THE FIRST WEEK OF LIFE
Authors: JODL J. , KORNFÄLT R. , SVENNINGSEN N. W.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Jodl, J., Kornfalt, R. and Svenningsen, N. YV. (The Motol Paediatric Clinic, University of Prague, Prague, Czechoslovakia, and the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Chymotryptic activity in stool of low birth weight infants in the first week of life. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:619, 1975.–Pancreatic enzyme activity in low birth weight (LBW) infants during the first postnatal week has been evaluated by analysing the chymotrypsin content of 198 stool specimens from 42 LBW infants with birth weights ranging between 750 and 2570 g. A wide variation in chymotryptic activity yet with a tendency to initially low values with a peak on the third day after birth was found. Small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) infants had significantly lower values than appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA) infants. This is considered due to intra‐uterine malnutrition with secondary pancreatic dysfunction in SGA infants. In screening program for cystic fibrosis or other defects of exocrine pancreatic activity, low stool chymotrypsin values cannot be considered pathological until after the fourth day of life.
CARDIORESPIRATORY SYNDROME DUE TO ENLARGED TONSILS AND ADENOIDS
Authors: THANOPOULOS B. , IKKOS D.D. , MILINGOS M. , FOUTAKIS D.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Thanopoulos, B., Ikkos, D. D., Milingos, M. and Foutakis, D. (Haemodynamic Laboratory and the Paediatric Department, Piraeus General Hospital, Nikea, Piraeus, Greece). Cardiorespiratory syndrome due to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. Acta Paediatr Scand, 74:659, 1975.–A case of cardiorespiratory syndrome secondary to chronic upper airway obstruction from hypertrophied tonsils and adenoids, involving a three‐year‐old boy, is presented. The haemodynamic changes were verified by heart catheterization. The possible role of steroids in the treatment of the syndrome is suggested.
METHOTREXATE AND PREDNISOLONE TREATMENT OF A CHILD WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: BJÖRKSTEN BENGT , BÄCK OVE
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Björksten, B. and Bäck, O. (Department of Paediatrics and Dermatology University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden) Methotrexate and prednisolone treatment of a child with psoriatic arthritis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:664, 1975–A case of severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in a child is presented. Only one detailed report has been published previously. The result of treatment with prednisolone and methotrexate was encouraging.
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION IN NEWBORN BABIES
Authors: BODEGÅRD GÖRAN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Bodegård, G. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, S:t Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Control of respiration in newborn babies. III. Developmental changes of respiratory depth and rate responses to CO2. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:684, 1975.–Thirteen healthy babies with PM ages varying between 32 and 43 weeks were investigated with regard to respiratory depth and rate changes on exposure to 4 %CO2 in air. Two different types of responses were seen: above 37 weeks of postmenstrual age, the changes of depth and rate corresponded mostly to what is known in the adult human with a rate increase appearing only when the tidal volume had increased markedly (“Type A” responses). The preterm babies (i.e. under 37 weeks of PM age) responded mostly with a prompt rate increase without any preceding increase of the tidal volume (“Type B” response). The results indicate that the preterm baby in contrast to fullterm babies and adults may be dependent on the pulmonary vagal mechanoreceptor system for the regulation of the breathing in eupnoe.
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM INFUSIONS ON RENAL HANDLING OF AMINO ACIDS IN HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC VITAMIN D RESISTANT RICKETS
Authors: COLOMBO J. P. , DONATH A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Colombo, J. P. and Donath, A. (Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Berne and the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland). The effect of calcium infusions on renal handling of amino acids in hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:703, 1975.–Amino acid clearances were studied in four patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin D resistant rickets. The clearances of the single amino acids in the patients did not differ from that of control individuals for all amino acids tested. The reabsorption of amino acids and phosphate was further investigated with the use of calcium infusions. Under these conditions there was a significant decrease in the filtered fraction of phosphate and amino acid excreted in the vitamin D resistant group suggesting a depression of parathyroid hormone secretion. It seems likely, as demonstrated in the vitamin D resistant group, that in this disorder the renal tubule is particularly sensitive to changes in parathyroid hormone secretion in respect to amino acid reabsorption.
RENAL CONTROL OF SODIUM and FLUID BALANCE IN NEWBORN INFANTS DURING INTRAVENOUS MAINTENANCE THERAPY
Authors: APERIA A. , BROBERGER O. , THODENIUS K. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Aperia, A., Broberger, O., Thodenius, K. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, St Göran's Hospital for Children, Stockholm, Sweden). Renal control of sodium and fluid balance in newborn infants during intravenous maintenance therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:725, 1975.–Changes in accumulated fluid and sodium balance during intravenous maintenance fluid therapy has been studied in 38 newborn infants with different clinical disorders and gestational ages 28–42 weeks. The results from the infants born before 36 weeks of gestation (preterms) have been compared with the result from infants born after 36 weeks. Three different saline infusions 10, 20 and 40 mEq Na½/1000 ml 5.5% glucose have been given. The infusion rate has in preterm neonates been 3.3 ml/kg and hour and in the more full‐term neonates been 3.6 ml/kg and hour. The study lasted for 5–8 hours. Urine was collected by spontaneous voidings in plastic bags. The balances were calculated as the difference between the amount given intravenously, and the amount excreted in the urine. In the more full‐term neonates Nai balance became increasingly negative with the 10 mEq solution, just balanced with the 20 mEq solution and increasingly positive with the 40 mEq solution. A different response was found in the preterm neonates. The natriuresis was higher and the sodium balances were increasingly negative with both the 10 and 20 mEq solutions. With the 40 mEq solution the negative balance tended to level off. The fluid balances were fairly well maintained in all infants regardless of the sodium concentration in the infusate.
INTRAVENOUS FEEDING OF YOUNG INFANTS WITH PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA
Authors: BANISTER A. , MATIN‐SIDDIQI S. A. , HATCHER G. W. , HENDRICKSE G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Banister, A., Matin‐Siddiqi, S. A., Hatcher, G. W. and Hendrickse, R. G. (Department of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, England). Intravenous feeding of young infants with persistent diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:732, 1975.–42 infants with persistent diarrhoea were fed intravenously using a simplified regime based on Intralipid and an aminoacid, Fructose and ethanol solution. Peripheral veins were used for up to 56 days, and with scalp veins complications were few and minor. The use of arm and leg veins caused more frequent local problems and is not advised. Central venous lines became necessary in 5 infants, and 3 developed septicaemia. The regime was well tolerated with adequate weight gain when intake was adjusted to the infants' needs. Rates of infusion of 1 g Intralipid/kg hourly over 2 hours and up to 1 g fructose/kg hourly over 14 hours did not cause persistent lipaemia (except transiently in 2 infants) nor metabolic acidosis. Infants must be fully rehydrated with correction of acidosis and electrolyte imbalance before starting intravenous feeding, or acidosis and dehydration from osmotic diuresis may occur. Intravenous feeding should be started gradually and cautiously in severely malnourished infants, and should not be used where liver function is abnormal.
MEASUREMENT OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN FINGERS OF NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: GUNDERSEN J. , DAHLIN K.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Gundersen, J. and Dahlin, K. (Departments of Surgery, Paediatrics and Clinical Physiology, General Hospital, S‐21401 MalmU, Sweden). Measurement of systolic blood pressure in fingers of newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:741, 1975.–The systolic blood pressure in the index finger was measured using a minicuff and a strain gauge both placed around the finger. 122 measurements in four newborn infants were performed during monitoring in an incubator and the systolic blood pressure values obtained were compared with the simultaneously recorded intra‐arterial blood pressure in the aorta. Good correlation between direct and indirect pressure values was found. An important advantage is that the measurements do not arouse the infants nor disturb their sleep. The procedure seems suited for further technical development and automatic measurements.
SYSTEMIC ALLERGIC REACTION TO INITIAL INSULIN THERAPY IN A JUVENILE DIABETIC
Authors: DACOU‐VOUTETAKIS C. , THOMAIDIS TH. , ROMA E. , KALPINI‐MAVROU A. , ECONOMOU‐MAVROU C.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Dacou‐Voutetakis, C. Thomaidis, Th., Roma, E., Katpini‐Mavrou, A. and Economou‐Mavrou, C. (First Department of Paediatrics, Athens University, Greece). Systemic allergic reaction to initial insulin therapy in a juvenile diabetic. Enhanced blast transformation to insulin. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 773, 1975–A 14‐year‐old girl with recent onset of diabetes developed a severe systemic allergic reaction to beef‐pork insulin on the third day of insulin therapy. The same reaction developed following the injection of pork insulin and monocomponent insulin. The patient was induced to tolerate pork insulin by systemic de‐sensitization to this insulin over an interval of 6 days. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patient cultured in the presence of insulin responded by increased blast cell transformation, as compared with controls, who either had previously presented local allergic reactions to insulin or never had manifested insulin allergy.
FAMILIAL QT PROLONGATION and RISK OF SUDDEN DEATH
Authors: FURBERG CURT , HöRNELL HERJE
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Furberg, C. and Hörnell, H. (Department of Clinical Physiology and Paediatrics, Central Hospital, Boden, Sweden). Familial QT prolongation and risk of sudden death. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64:777, 1975.–Two sisters with the syndrome of familial QT prolongation in the ECG and syncope are presented. A recently suggested mechanism of the syndrome is presented and preventive measures to reduce the risk of sudden death associated with it are proposed.
FANCONI'S ANEMIA II.
Authors: STUBBE P. , PRINDULL G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Stubbe, P. and Prindull, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Goet‐tingen, D 34 Gottingen, Kinderklinik, BRD): Fanconi's anemia. II. Are multiple endocrine insufficiencies a substantial part of the disease? Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 790, 1975. –Three children with Fanconi's anemia belonging to a family where 6 children had the disease were investigated. One child had growth hormone deficiency, a second child showed subnormal response of testosterone to gonadotropin stimulation and the third child had a missing insulin release following arginine. This report shows that growth hormone deficiency is not necessarily linked with Fanconi's anemia when it occurs in a family. Multiple endocrine insufficiencies do not appear to be part of the disease.
RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY SYNDROME (RIS) IN PRETERM INFANTS WITH GESTATIONAL AGE OF 32 WEEKS AND LESS
Authors: CARLSSON J. , SVENNINGSEN N. W.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Carlsson, J. and Svenningsen, N. W. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Respiratory insufficiency syndrome (RIS) in preterm infants with gestational age of 32 weeks and less. Neonatal management and follow‐up study. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 813, 1975.–The clinical entity of respiratory insufficiency syndrome (RIS), i.e. irregular breathing leading to recurrent apnea and bradycardia in an otherwise healthy preterm infant, has been studied in respect of symptomathology and management with intensive case including ventilatory support. During a 4‐year period 26 of 103 infants with gestational age 32 weeks and mean birth weight 1304 g (range 710 to 1830 g) developed RIS. In most infants the initial apnea occurred after 2 and before 72 hours post delivery but in some infants later. Because of progressive hypoxemia and acidosis IS of the 26 RIS infants required IPPV treatment. The 76 % survival rate of RIS infants seems to justify intensive care with ventilatory support even in the smallest preterm infants with RIS, especially as the follow‐up study performed at 15 months to 3 ½ years of age showed neurological sequelae in only 3 of 20 surviving babies, i.e. 15 % sequelae rate.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: HENRIKSSON CHRISTEN , ANDERSEN HANS JØRGEN , GUSTAFSSON ÅKE , GELIN LARS‐ERIK
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Henriksson, C., Andersen, H. J., Gustafsson Å. and Gelin, L.‐E. (Department of Surgery I, Sahlgren's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, and Department of Pediatrics, Odense Hospital, Odense, Denmark). Renal transplantation in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 833, 1975.–From July 1967 to September 1974, 26 kidney transplantations were carried out in 16 children aged 6 to 17 years, in Gothenburg. The average age at the primary transplantation was 12 years and average body weight 29.7 kg. Five patients had familial juvenile nephronophthisis, 5 chronic glomerulonephritis, 5 chronic pyelonephritis, and one bilateral Wilms's tumour. Four patients were predialytic. Fourteen grafts came from living related donors. The surgical technique was standard as was the immunosuppression with azathioprine and cortisone; exceptionally antilymphocyte globulin was used. Thirteen patients were alive in September 1974, observed 2–65 months, 8 with a normal serum creatinine, 3 with moderately elevated serum creatinine, and 2 on hemodialysis. The 6‐ and 12‐month survivals of patients are 100% and 93% respectively. Normal growth and full rehabilitation in recipients of functioning grafts make renal transplantation justified as a therapeutic procedure in terminally uremic children.
SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVALS IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: HEDVALL GUNNEL
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Hedvall, G. (Department of Paediatrics I, Östra sjukhuset, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Systolic time intervals in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 839, 1975.–Systolic time intervals, calculated from the carotid artery pulse curve have been used for some time to assess left ventricular performance. Normal values have been established for adults and older children, but few investigations have been made on newborn infants, generally with partly contradictory results. Therefore a study has been undertaken in 29 normal newborn infants ½‐119 hours old, and 9 infants 2–3 months old to establish normal values for the different intervals. They were found to differ from those reported for adults and older children, most clearly seen in the relatively long preejection period (PEP). Statistically significant differences were found between the PEP of 20 infants below 47 hours of age and 9 infants 2–3 months old: PEP 82 ms and 68 ms respectively. (P < 0.01); the same is true of the quotient PEP/LVET (left ventricular ejection time), which was found to be 0.41 and 0.35 resp. (p < 0.01). By adult standards this would mean impairment of left ventricular function. A possible explanation of this could be a difficulty for the left ventricle to cope with the systemic circulation during the first days of life even in normal newborns, a difficulty not fully compensated for even at 3 months of age.
GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE DEFICIENCY IN A DUTCH FAMILY
Authors: BIERVLIET J. P. G. M. VAN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Van Biervliet, J. P. G. M. (University Children's Hospital, Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency in a Dutch family. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 868, 1975.–A mentally retarded girl with severe hemolytic anemia due to glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency is described. The deficiency was detected in erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, liver and muscle tissues. Besides the glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency, a glutathione instability of unknown origin was found in the erythrocytes of the propositus.
MEDIASTINAL LYMPHOSARCOMA SIMULATING PERICARDITIS
Authors: BERG MATTS , WILANDER ERIK , ERIKSSON ANDERS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Berg, M., Wilander, E. and Eriksson, A. (Departments of Paediatrics and Pathology, University Hospital, Uppsala, and Department of Paediatrics, Central Hospital, Boden, Sweden). Mediastinal lymphosarcoma simulating pericarditis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 873, 1975–A case of lymphosarcoma of the heart in a 10‐year‐old boy is presented. The clinical picture simulated a pericarditis. Prednisolone had a remarkably good temporary effect. Post‐mortem examination showed a highly differentiated lymphosarcoma invading the pericardium and myocardium from a primary mediastinal localisation. Cytologic examination for malignant cells in the pericardial fluid must not be forgotten in a case of unexplained pericardial effusion.
ACUTE LIVER FAILURE AND ENCEPHALOPATHY (REYE'S SYNDROME?) DURING SALICYLATE THERAPY
Authors: SILLANPÄÄ MATTI , MÄKELÄ ANNA‐LIISA , KOIVIKKO ANTTI
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Sillanpää, M., Mäkelä, A.‐L. and Koivikko, A. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland). Acute liver failure and encephalopathy (Reye's syndrome?) during salicylate therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 877, 1975.–A case of hepatotox‐icity and encephalopathy (Reye's syndrome?) associated with salicylate therapy is presented and the aetiology of this syndrome is discussed. Hepatotoxicity developed with salicylate serum concentrations not exceeding therapeutic serum levels. The importance of controlling serum salicylate concentration and transaminase activity particularly during the first fourteen days of therapy is emphasized.
RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA OR CONGENITAL ENCEPHALO‐OPHTHALMIC DYSPLASIA?
Authors: SVEDBERGH BJÖRN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT: Svedbergh, B. (Department of Ophthalmology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden). Retrolental fibroplasia or congenital encephalo‐ophthalmic dysplasia? Acta Paediatr Scand, 64: 891, 1975.–Congenital encephalo‐ophthalmic dysplasia (CEOD) is described in 2 cases. The eye signs, clinically identical to the cicatricial stage of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), are combined with brain maldevelopment and occurred without oxygen treatment. RLF in a strict sense should be reserved for oxygen‐induced retinopathy in prematures.
27. THE ADOLESCENT WITH A LEARNING PROBLEM. EXPERIENCE AND INSIGHT WITH DELINQUENT BOYS
Authors: FAIGEL HARRIS C.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Twelve teenaged boys referred by a juvenile court clinic because of delinquent behavior and academic failure were examined by an experienced team of pediatricians, neurologists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, and occupational, physical, recreational, speech and hearing therapists. Two boys came from troubled families with long histories of legal problems, had behavior problems antedating their school difficulties and had no evidence of perceptual handicaps. The remaining ten were the family blacksheep whose academic problems began early and whose behavior decompensated later. They all had perceptual handicaps and both groups of boys had intense psychological reactions to their school difficulties. The learning disabled require a flexible team approach in school together with individual, group and family therapy in order to achieve success.
GLYCEROKINASE IN BRAIN AND LIVER OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEWBORNS
Authors: MELICHAR V. , RÁŽOVÁ M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Glycerokinase activity was measured in brain and liver tissue of deceased low birth weight newborns. No glycerokinase activity was found in the brain. In the liver a relatively high activity of glycerokinase was ascertained even in very immature newborns.
2,3‐DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ACUTE LEUKEMIA
Authors: HAIDAS S. , ZANNOS‐MARIOLEA L. , MATSANIOTIS N.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Red cell organic phosphates and especially 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG), lowers the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) and shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. Because of the importance of 2,3‐DPG (as regulator of the oxygen affinity of Hb), determinations were carried out on: 45 normal children, 7 children with iron deficiency anemia and 35 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In normal children with Hb of 12.69±1.60 g/100 ml, 2,3‐DPG was 14.90±0.68 μmoles/g Hb. In children with iron deficiency anemia (Hb 7.94±1.20 g/100 ml), 2,3‐DPG was 20.87±3.11 μmoles/g Hb. 2,3‐DPG was normal (14.11±0.88 μmoles/g Hb), in 16 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had never relapsed, while in 19 patients with a history of one or more relapses, 2,3‐DPG levels were increased (22.05 ±2.75 μmoles/g Hb). No good explanation may be offered for the high 2,3‐DPG levels in these leukemic children.
BRONCHIAL LABILITY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: SKORECKI K. , LEVISON H. , CROZIER D. N.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. We investigated the airway's response to exercise in cystic fibrosis (CF). Due to the reported high incidence of allergy in CF we tried to demonstrate the well documented post‐exercise bronchospasm of asthma in patients with CF. Subjects ran on a treadmill for 6 minutes at a speed of three miles per hour and a gradient of 15°.

For the 12 controls studied, the mean % rise in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) during excercise was 4.7% and the mean % fall in PEFR during recovery was 0.7%. For the eight atopic asthmatics studied the mean % rise in PEFR was 12.2% and the mean % fall in PEFR was 33.7%. For the 29 patients with CF, the mean % rise in PEFR was 20.3% and the mean % fall in PEFR was 3.1%. Patients with CF showed no statistically significant post‐exercise constriction compared with the controls, while asthmatic patients showed a post‐exercise % fall in PEFR significantly greater than seen in controls (p<0.001) or in CF patients (p<0.001). No patient with CF showed post‐exercise bronchospasm, nor was there any difference between patients with CF who had positive skin tests to common allergens and those who did not in their pattern of bronchial lability. It is suggested that the general desensitization therapy should not be instituted in patients with CF merely on the basis of positive skin tests, without more stringent criteria such as characteristic seasonal variation in respiratory symptomatology, family history of atopy and positive bronchial inhalation provocation tests.
GLUCONEOGENESIS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD II. Studies on the Glucose Production from Alanine in Three Cases of Persistent Neonatal Hypoglycaemia
Authors: VIDNES JOSTEIN , SØVIK ODDMUND
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Gluconeogenesis was studied in 3 cases of persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia. In 2 of the cases the labelling of blood glucose after i.v. injection of 14C‐alanine was reduced. In these 2 patients only 1.3‐5% of the injected radioactivity was recovered in blood glucose, compared with 10% in normoglycaemic patients. The labelling of glucose from 14C‐glycerol, as studied in one case, was not reduced. In this patient the labelling of blood glucose from 15C‐alanine was improved after subtotal resection of the pancreas, and with increasing age. By the time of the isotope studies the plasma insulin was normal in all patients, and no deficiency of glucagon secretion could be detected after stimulation with an alanine load. A quantitative amino acid analysis of plasma revealed a moderate increase of some of the glucogenic amino acids. The results were interpreted as a deficiency of gluconeogenesis, probably at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or pyruvate carboxylase step.
GLUCONEOGENESIS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD III. Deficiency of the Extramitochondrial Form of Hepatic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in a Case of Persistent Neonatal Hypoglycaemia
Authors: VIDNES JOSTEIN , SØVIK ODDMUND
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A deficiency of extramitochondrial hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase has been demonstrated in a boy with severe, persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia. Hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphatase, fructose‐1.6‐diphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase were normal. The total activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was also normal, but the enzyme showed an abnormal subcellular distribution, virtually no activity being detected in the extramitochondrial fraction of a liver homogenate. The boy died at the age of 2 years 10 months. Autopsy revealed severe cerebral atrophy, atrophy of the optic nerve, and fatty infiltration of liver and kidney.
GH, ACTH, LH AND FSH BEHAVIOUR IN THE FIRST SEVEN DAYS OF LIFE
Authors: CACCIARI E. , CICOGNANI A. , PIRAZOLI P. , DALLACASA P. , MAZZARACCHIO M. A. , TASSONI P. , BERNARDI F. , SALARDI S. , ZAPPULLA F.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. 43 neonates, born vaginally after spontaneous labor between the 38th and the 42nd week of pregnancy, were examined. GH and ACTH levels were assayed in 14 newborn infants. LH and FSH were determined in the remaining 29 patients (16 boys and 13 girls). Samples were collected from all infants for the assay of the above mentioned hormones at the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hour of life, then every day for 7 consecutive days. During the whole first week of life plasma GH gave values that were significantly higher than those found in subjects over four years of age. The highest mean value of plasma ACTH was found at the 2nd hour of life (162.2±34.1 pg/ml). Then, there is a significant fall in the hormone level beginning with the 12th hour (p<0.01). Minimum level was reached on the 7th day. Plasma hCG‐LH presents its maximum mean value at the 2nd hour, both in boys and girls (48.5±16.2 and 33.0±24.9 mU/ml, respectively). After this, plasma hCG‐LH decreases progressively. No significant differences between the two sexes were found. Even though the mean values of plasma FSH do not change significantly, during the whole test period, they do demonstrate a sex difference (significantly higher values in the females) from the fifth day afterwards.
FAMILIAL OCCURRENCE OF CEREBRAL GIGANTISM, SOTOS' SYNDROME
Authors: HANSEN F. JUUL , FRIIS BIRGITTE
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Since the original description of cerebral gigantism, about 85 cases have been reported. Four papers comment on familial occurrence but never in parents and their children. This paper describes the syndrome in a mother and her child, which, together with facts pointing towards prenatal etiology, such as excessive birthweight, striking mutual resemblance and abnormal dermatoglyphics, points to a genetic defect. Previous endocrine studies are enlarged by the findings of normal serum somatomedin and serum prolactin.
DOWN'S SYNDROME WITH X0/XY MOSAICISM
Authors: YEUNG C. Y. , YANG LILLIAN
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A 5‐month‐old Chinese infant with combined Down's syndrome and X0/XY mosaicism is presented. The phenotypical features of mongolism are classical and unmodified. The somatic effects of X0/XY mosaicism is that of incomplete masculinization with short phallus, hypospadias, bifid scrotum, urogenital sinus, and bilateral extra‐abdominal infantile testicles. These features together with the absence of internal female organs and signs of Turner's syndrome in this patient are different from the previous reported cases of mixed gonadal dysgenesis.
THYROTROPIN RESPONSE TO THYROTROPIN‐RELEASING HORMONE IN FULLTERM, EUTHYROID AND HYPOTHYROID NEWBORNS
Authors: JACOBSEN B. BROCK , ANDERSEN H. , DIGE‐PETERSEN H. , HUMMER L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) and the TSH response following thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 16 euthyroid babies from 16 to 172 hours after birth and in 2 primary hypothyroid babies, 3 and 28 days of age. Serum‐TSH was measured before an intravenous injection of 40 μug TRH and after 30 and 180 min. In the euthyroid babies increased basal levels of TSH were seen shortly after birth, followed by a pronounced decline. The extent of TSH increase after TRH could be correlated with the basal levels, and the relative increase was comparable to that which occurs in adults. In the hypothyroid babies very high basal levels of serum‐TSH were seen, 125 and 400 μ/ml respectively, with no further increase following TRH stimulation. It was concluded that in euthyroid fullterm newborn, the relative response of serum‐TSH to TRH was equal to that of adults, in spite of elevated thyroid hormone concentrations. In the hypothyroid newborn very high levels of serum‐TSH were seen and a supplementary TRH‐test seems without diagnostic value in congenital hypothyroidism.
ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN AND GLUCOCORTICOID RESPONSE TO EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
Authors: MILNER R. D. G. , CSER AGNES , GOODE MARGARET , RATCLIFFE J. G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and glucocorticoid concentrations were measured during and for 3 hours after exchange transfusion in four groups of infants. Transfusions with ACD blood via the umbilical artery were performed on 10 infants of 35–40 weeks gestation and 11 infants of 27 to 33 weeks gestation. Ten transfusions via the umbilical vein were performed with ACD blood and 9 with heparin blood on infants of 32 to 41 weeks gestation. In all four types of transfusion there was a significant washing out of ACTH and glucocorticoids from the baby. An associated rise of plasma ACTH and glucocorticoid levels indicated increased secretion in the larger infants transfused with ACD blood via the umbilical artery. Equivocal results were obtained in the other groups. After all types of transfusion plasma glucocorticoid levels remained relatively constant for one hour and then doubled in the second and third hour. The results suggest that (a) exchange transfusion via the umbilical artery is more stressful than that via the umbilical vein, (b) the glucocorticoid response of premature infants to exchange transfusion is similar to that of mature infants, (c) an unspecified stimulus, which is not solely hypoglycaemia nor the metabolic reaction to a citrate load, results in a rise in plasma glucocorticoid levels 2–3 hours after all types of transfusion.
INFECTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN GROUP DAY CARE
Authors: STRANGERT K. , CARLSTRÖM G. , JEANSSON S. , NORD C.‐E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Viral and bacterial infections in 20 children under 3 years of age were studied in a day centre for 12 weeks. Febrile illnesses were found on one occasion in each of 11 children but no serious infection occurred. Pneumococci types 6, 9, or 19 were isolated from all children but more often from those with rhinitis or cough. The individual child had an average of 2 viral infections. Adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, coxsackievirus type B5, herpes simplex virus or respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from 12% of the oropharynx swabs and 40% of the fecal specimens. When a virus was first isolated from the oropharynx, the children were asymptomatic or had only rhinitis in 73% of the cases which might indicate that the dismissing of symptomatic children is of limited value in controlling the spread of infections in a day care centre. Cytomegalovirus was recovered from 22% of the urine specimens. Carrier frequency of cytomegalovirus was 23% in 40 other children attending one of 13 different day care centres. Because asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infections apparently occur frequently among small children in Sweden, it seems reasonable not to take pronounced measures of isolating the children in the relatively few recognized cases of cytomegalovirus infections.
PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: MONN EIRIK , OSNES JAN BJØRN , ØYE IVAR , WEFRING KARL WILHELM
Published: January 2008

Abstract. We have studied one adult and three children with pseudohypoparathyroidism and observed that the physical character of short metacarpal bones is not evident in the first 4–5 years of life, that hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia may be absent in the first years of life, but that the renal unresponsiveness to parathyroid hormone can still be demonstrated. Our data confirm earlier observation that in evaluating the renal responsiveness to parathyroid hormone, urinary cyclic AMP is a better parameter than urinary phosphorus. Thus in early childhood, it may be difficult to differentiate between a normal child, a child with pseudohypoparathyroidism and a child with pseudo‐pseudohypoparathyroidism unless the renal parathyroid hormone responsiveness is studied.
PSEUDOMONAS CEPACIA PNEUMONIA IN A CHILD WITH CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE AND SELECTIVE IgA DEFICIENCY
Authors: SIEBER O. F. , FULGINITI V. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A 6 1/2 year‐old boy with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and selective IgA deficiency developed a chronic progressive pneumonia which failed to respond to several conventional combinations of antimicrobial therapy. On lung biopsy, Pseudomonas cepacia was obtained in pure culture, sensitive to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin and nalidixic acid. With specific therapy, he slowly recovered. P. cepacia has not been previously described as a cause of persistent pneumonia in immunodeficient children. The occurrence of CGD and selective IgA deficiency together is a very rare combination of immunodeficiencies.