bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radium-223 for the treatment of bone metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer: when and why
Authors: Gallicchio Rosj , Mastrangelo Pietro A. , Nardelli Anna , Mainenti Pier Paolo , Colasurdo Antonio P. , Landriscina Matteo , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Storto Giovanni
Published: May 2019

Radium-223 dichloride (223Ra) is the first, recently approved, α-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical for the treatment of patients with bone metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and no evidence of visceral metastases. We explored MEDLINE, relevant congresses, and websites for data on 223Ra and prostate cancer therapies, focusing on therapeutic strategies and timing, bone metastases, and diagnostic assessment. 223Ra represents the only bone-targeting agent that has significantly extended patients’ overall survival while reducing pain and symptomatic skeletal events. Unlike other radiopharmaceuticals, such as strontium-89 and samarium-153 EDTMP, 223Ra (11.4-days half-life) has shown a high biological efficiency mainly due to its short penetration range. These features potentially allow reduced bone marrow toxicity and limit undue exposure. 223Ra has been validated under the product name Xofigo® by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Patient selection, management, and treatment sequencing is recommended to be discussed in the context of a multidisciplinary environment, including oncology, urology, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy physicians. No consensus has been achieved regarding the optimal timing and its administration as single agent or in combination with zoledronic acid or chemotherapy, so far. This review aims to provide a rationale for the use of 223Ra in treating metastases from CRPC, highlighting the crucial role of a multidisciplinary approach, the disputed inclusion and exclusion criteria on the basis of agencies regulations, and the value of diagnostics for therapy assessment.
Multiple cranial nerve blocks for the transitional treatment of chronic headaches
Authors: Miller Sarah , Lagrata Susie , Matharu Manjit
Published: May 2019

Background

Multiple cranial nerve blocks of the greater and lesser occipital, supraorbital, supratrochlear and auriculotemporal nerves are widely used in the treatment of primary headaches. We present efficacy and safety data for these procedures.

Methods

In an uncontrolled open-label prospective study, 119 patients with chronic cluster headache, chronic migraine, short lasting unilateral neuralgiform attack disorders, new daily persistent headaches, hemicrania continua and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania were examined. All had failed to respond to greater occipital nerve blocks. Response was defined as a 50% reduction in either daily attack frequency or moderate-to-severe headache days after 2 weeks.

Results

The response rate of the whole cohort was 55.4%: Chronic cluster headache, 69.2%; chronic migraine, 49.0%; short lasting unilateral neuralgiform attack disorders, 56.3%; new daily persistent headache, 10.0%; hemicrania continua, 83.3%; and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, 25.0%. Time to benefit was between 0.50 and 33.58 hours. Benefit was maintained for up to 4 weeks in over half of responders in all groups except chronic migraine and paroxysmal hemicrania. Only minor adverse events were recorded.

Conclusion

Multiple cranial nerve blocks may provide an efficacious, well tolerated and reproducible transitional treatment for chronic headache disorders when greater occipital nerve blocks have been unsuccessful.
Impact of Primary Incident Spatiotemporal Influence Thresholds on the Detection of Secondary Crashes
Authors: Kitali Angela E. , Alluri Priyanka , Sando Thobias , Lentz Richard
Published: May 2019

Incident management agencies have been investing substantial amount of resources to devise strategies to mitigate secondary crashes (SCs). Nevertheless, detection of SCs is not a straightforward process, as the definition itself is subjective; identification of SCs depends on how the impact area of the primary incident (PI) is defined. Both static and dynamic methods, the two most common approaches used to define the impact area of the PI, have serious limitations that restrict their practical applications. Although the dynamic method is proven to yield accurate results, applying it requires real-time traffic data which are only available on limited locations. On the other hand, the static method’s one-size-fits-all approach of using fixed spatiotemporal thresholds does not yield reliable results. This study explored the impact of PI spatiotemporal influence thresholds on the detection of SCs. To implement the study objective, both static and dynamic approaches were developed. The static method was based on predefined spatiotemporal thresholds, and the dynamic method was based on prevailing traffic speed data from BlueToad® paired devices. Comparison of SC frequencies identified using the static and dynamic methods showed that the static method consistently under and overestimated SC frequencies for smaller and larger spatiotemporal thresholds, respectively. The prevailing traffic conditions were found to play a crucial role in instigating SCs, as more than 75% of SCs occurred during congested traffic conditions. Use of varying spatiotemporal thresholds depending on the prevailing traffic conditions is expected to reduce the biases associated with the subjective thresholds used in the static method.
Methods to Obtain Representative Car-Following Model Parameters from Trajectory-Level Data for Use in Microsimulation
Authors: James Rachel M. , Hammit Britton E. , Boyles Stephen D.
Published: May 2019

Microsimulation models help agencies obtain robust estimates of project benefits and spend their resources effectively. The realism of these models depends on the quality of input data and the realism of the sub-models controlling driver behavior. The availability of trajectory-level driving data provides new opportunities to improve car-following models and their application in practice. Procedures for calibrating car-following models using a single driving trajectory are well documented in the literature. However, methods for identifying a representative parameter set to describe a collection of observed driving behavior must be developed and tested before trajectory-level data can be applied in practice. This paper describes eight methods for obtaining representative sets of calibration parameters to describe a group of drivers or a specific driving condition. The methods are tested using a 100-trip sample from the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study and validated with a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. The method capturing the average behavior while preserving underlying correlations between the calibrated model parameters performed the best across all four models. Methods that adequately captured the average behavior while relaxing the assumption of underlying parameter correlations performed better than all other tested methods. Therefore, simply taking the mean or median of the distribution of observed parameter values offers a practical approach for generating a representative parameter set, significantly outperforming default parameter values.
Is It Safe to Inject Corticosteroids Into the Glenohumeral Joint After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?
Authors: Kim Yang-Soo , Jin Hong-Ki , Lee Hyo-Jin , Cho Hyung-Lae , Lee Wan-Seok , Jang Hyuk-Jin
Published: May 2019

Background:

Injection of intra-articular corticosteroids is effective for improving the recovery of range of motion (ROM) and pain in various conditions of the shoulder but its use is limited after rotator cuff repair owing to concern over the possible harmful effects of steroids on the repaired tendon.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of intra-articular corticosteroid injections on the clinical outcomes and cuff integrity of patients after rotator cuff repair.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Between March 2011 and April 2014, 80 patients with a small- to medium-sized rotator cuff tear were enrolled in this study and underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Forty patients received an injection of triamcinolone (40 mg) and lidocaine (1.5 mL) into the glenohumeral joint 8 weeks after surgery (group 1), while the remaining 40 patients received normal saline injection (group 2). Outcome measures—including ROM, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant score, pain visual analog scale, and Simple Shoulder Test score—were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and at the last follow-up. The integrity of the repaired tendon was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and classified per Sugaya classification at 8 weeks (before injection) and 12 months after surgery.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was 25.7 months. At 3 months postoperatively, patients in group 1 had a significantly higher ROM with respect to forward flexion ( P = .05), external rotation at the side ( P = .05), and external rotation at abduction ( P = .04) as compared with group 2, whereas no significant difference was noted between the groups for internal rotation behind the back ( P = .65). Patients in group 1 had significantly lower visual analog scale pain scores ( P = .02) and higher ASES scores (group 1, 68.90; group 2, 60.28; P = .02) at 3-month follow-up. However, there was no significant difference after 6 months with respect to ROM and ASES scores (group 1, 77.80; group 2, 75.88; P = .33). Retears (Sugaya classification IV and V) were determined by MRI at 12 months and observed in a total of 7 patients (8.8%): 3 from group 1 (7.5%) and 4 from group 2 (10%). No retears were observed on MRI in the remaining 73 patients (91.2%): 37 patients from group 1 and 36 patients from group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in rate of retears between groups ( P = .69).

Conclusion:

Intra-articular injection of corticosteroids after rotator cuff repair does not increase the risk of retears and is thus an effective and safe treatment method for increasing ROM (forward flexion, external rotation) and improving clinical score (ASES) during the early postoperative period of patients undergoing rotator cuff repair.
Advancing a Viable Global Climate Stabilization Project: Degrowth versus the Green New Deal
Authors: Pollin Robert
Published: May 2019

This paper summarizes a global Green New Deal program that can advance climate stabilization as well as rising mass living standards and an expansion of decent job opportunities. The core features of this program are massive global investments in energy efficiency and clean renewable energy so that clean energy supplants the existing fossil-fuel-dominant global energy system. Through annual investments in the range of 2 percent of global GDP in clean energy and a corresponding contraction in fossil fuel consumption, the global economy can maintain an absolute decoupling trajectory—i.e., economic growth proceeds while CO2 emissions fall to zero within 30–40 years. The paper also shows that a steady contraction of global GDP—i.e., “degrowth”—does not provide a viable climate stabilization framework.

JEL Classification: Q54, Q56, Q58
Bluff to peace: How economic dependence promotes peace despite increasing deception and uncertainty
Authors: Zeng Yuleng
Published: May 2019

Trade–conflict studies have shown that economic dependence can promote peace by costly signaling resolve. However, with higher economic integration, targets also become more vulnerable to coercion and potential challengers are incentivized to bluff. In return, target states may resist more, raising the question of whether trade still promotes peace. I theorize that bluffing does not stoke conflict in this context because the bargaining environment allows states to inform and coerce simultaneously: the factor that renders a threat less credible also restrains states from further escalation. I test this theory’s implications with a structural estimation method and find supporting results.
Effect of β-cyfluthrin (synthetic pyrethroid) on learning, muscular coordination and oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Rajawat Neelu Kanwar , Soni Inderpal , Syed Farah , Verma Rajbala , John PJ , Mathur Reena
Published: May 2019

The present study was planned to evaluate neurotoxic effects of β-cyfluthrin in female Swiss albino mice. Two doses of β-cyfluthrin, specifically, one-tenth of median lethal dose (LD50) and one-twentieth of LD50, were selected for the study. Open-field behaviour, exploratory behaviour and emotional status were affected, and animals showed anxiety-like behaviour after β-cyfluthrin administration. Spatial learning was decreased using the Hebb–Wiliams maze. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity significantly decreased in the treated animals. The administration of β-cyfluthrin caused increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in brain tissue. In conclusion, β-cyfluthrin caused neurotoxicity as well as oxidative damage in the brain of Swiss albino mice at the tested dose levels.
Influence of Ownership Type and CEO Power on Residual Loss: Evidence From the Global Microfinance Industry
Authors: Beisland Leif Atle , Pascal Ndaki Daudi , Mersland Roy
Published: May 2019

This study examines whether the agency cost component referred to as “residual loss” differs between nonprofit and shareholder-owned microfinance organizations and whether such costs are further influenced by CEO power. We use operating expenses, asset utilization, liquidity, and tangible asset intensity to proxy for residual loss. Using 374 microfinance organizations located in 76 countries, we find evidence that the residual loss is higher in microfinance organizations incorporated as nonprofits, but only if the CEO is powerful. Our empirical evidence illustrates the importance of installing proper governance mechanisms to minimize costs caused by high managerial power in the nonprofit sector. When CEOs are not powerful, nonprofits appear to have lower residual loss than for-profit organizations do, consistent with a motivated agent perspective. An important message of our study is that traditional agency theory perspectives might be ill-suited to analyze residual loss as a function of the nonprofit versus for-profit organizational form.
Numerical study on influencing factors of accelerated erosion experiment based on the consideration of fluid-mass transfer
Authors: Jin Haozhe , Xu Xiaofeng , Lv Wenchao , Ou Guofu , Wang Chao
Published: May 2019

An accelerated erosion test with improved experimental efficiency is required to study the critical properties of pipe erosion failure in a reactor effluent air cooler used for the hydrocracking process. In this study, a single 90° elbow was simulated numerically with the design of an L16 orthogonal table to discuss the influencing factors of grid refinement at the bend. An analysis of the length–diameter ratio L1/D revealed that when L1/D increases to more than 5, the change in wall shear stress at the inner bend wall is insignificant. The mass transfer coefficient of ferrous ion and the maximum shear stress τm were also utilized to describe the erosion rate, including electrochemical corrosion and hydrodynamics. The factor that influenced mass transfer coefficient most was inlet velocity. The regions with high mass transfer coefficient were located at R1 and R2, with R1 showing a higher risk of electrochemical corrosion than R2. Operating pressure played a critical role in the effect on τm, which presented a low inside/high outside trend. The region with high τm was located at R3, where a high breakage risk of erodent product films was observed.
Ethnic minorities’ support for redistribution: The role of national and ethnic identity
Authors: Galle Jolien , Fleischmann Fenella
Published: May 2019

According to liberal nationalists, sharing a national identity offers a solution to the growing concern that increasing diversity within Western societies might erode solidarity. Based on the national identity framework, a positive relation between peoples’ support for redistribution and their national identification is expected. Partially confirmed among majority group members, the aim of this study is to broaden the perspective and investigate the redistributive attitudes of people with a migration background. Since the social identification of people with a migration background is more complex and tends to be based on belonging to both the nation of residence and a specific ethnic group, we additionally consider the role of ethnic identification. We perform multivariate analyses on data from the Belgian Ethnic Minorities Election Study 2014 (BEMES), a survey conducted among Belgians of Turkish and Moroccan descent. The results confirm our hypothesis about the positive role of national identification. Ethnic identification, on the contrary, is negatively related to support for redistribution and particularly the combination of a low attachment to the country of residence and strong attachment to the country of origin is associated with lower levels of support for redistribution.
Italian banking regulation and the legal obstacles to corporate governance convergence
Authors: Butzbach Olivier , Rotondo Gennaro
Published: May 2019

An ongoing dispute in comparative corporate governance studies concerns the extent to which cross-country convergence towards, essentially, the shareholder primacy view is occurring. While some scholars, especially legal scholars and economists, have predicted (and sometimes advocated) a convergence of corporate governance practices towards the Anglo-American model of (seemingly) shareholder primacy, others sharply disagree and point to the persistence of stakeholder-oriented governance in many countries. Banking, from the point of view of corporate governance convergence, is an interesting industry, for at least two reasons: (i) banks are peculiar types of business organizations, entailing specific governance rules in most systems; (ii) banks are (monetary) financial intermediaries more and more active on capital markets, and thus more and more exposed to the isomorphic pressures generated on corporate governance by those markets. Thus, predictions on the convergence or divergence of banks’ corporate governance are not easy to make. The present paper aims to contribute to the scholarly dispute by analysing the Italian case, which has seen, over the past 30 years or so, an apparently unfettered process of transformation of banks’ governance and ownership towards the shareholder primacy model – a process epitomized by the recent reforms of the country’s cooperative banking sector. ‘Apparently’, because a closer look at the legal and regulatory bases of banks’ corporate governance actually shows many sources of divergence from the shareholder primacy model.

Thus, the contribution proposed by the present study is twofold: first, it extends the ‘convergence’ discussion to the banking industry, where specific dynamics may help us better ‘test’ the hypotheses developed in the ‘convergence’ debate; second, it emphasizes alternative divergent patterns to those normally identified in the literature, where divergent ‘practice’ is often opposed to converging laws. Here, the sources of resistance to convergence are found in law itself.
The process of determining driving safety in people with dementia: A review of the literature and guidelines from 5 English speaking countries
Authors: Walsh Liam , Chacko Emme , Cheung Gary
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

To review literature and guidelines related to the process of determining driving safety in people with dementia.

Method:

Four electronic databases were searched in December 2016/January 2017. We limited our search to literature and guidelines published in the UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.

Results:

General practitioners are primarily responsible for driver licensing; however, they often feel ill-equipped and it can compromise the therapeutic relationship. Occupational therapist driving assessment is considered as the ‘gold-standard’ but is costly and often not available. Medical advisory boards assist the assessment process by providing independent licencing decisions.

Conclusions:

General practitioner training, funding for occupational therapist driving assessment and the establishment of a medical advisory board could be considered to improve the current practice of driving assessment in dementia.
Causes of mortality in backyard poultry in eight states in the United States
Authors: Cadmus Kyran J. , Mete Aslı , Harris Macallister , Anderson Doug , Davison Sherrill , Sato Yuko , Helm Julie , Boger Lore , Odani Jenee , Ficken Martin D. , Pabilonia Kristy L.
Published: May 2019

A comprehensive understanding of common diseases of backyard poultry flocks is important to providing poultry health information to flock owners, veterinarians, and animal health officials. We collected autopsy reports over a 3-y period (2015–2017) from diagnostic laboratories in 8 states in the United States; 2,509 reports were collected, involving autopsies of 2,687 birds. The primary cause of mortality was categorized as infectious, noninfectious, neoplasia or lymphoproliferative disease, or undetermined. Neoplasia or lymphoproliferative disease was the most common primary diagnosis and involved 42% of the total birds autopsied; 63% of these cases were diagnosed as Marek’s disease or leukosis/sarcoma. Bacterial, parasitic, and viral organisms were commonly detected, involving 42%, 28%, and 7% of the birds autopsied, respectively, with 2 or more organisms detected in 69% of birds. Our findings demonstrate the importance of educating flock owners about disease prevention and biosecurity practices. The detection of zoonotic bacteria including paratyphoid salmonellae, Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium avium, and the detection of lead and other heavy metals, indicate public health risks to flock owners and consumers of backyard flock egg and meat products.
A Complicated Case of Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Use of a Long-term Unilateral Nasal Stent
Authors: Li Carol , Awad Mahmoud , Maresh Alison M.
Published: May 2019

This case describes a full-term baby with pyriform aperture stenosis who failed intranasal dexamethasone and reflux therapy. She underwent repair via a sublabial approach and inferior turbinate reduction. Symptoms initially improved but she was unable to be weaned from intranasal steroids. Three subsequent surgeries ensued, including lysis of synechiae, further turbinate reduction, and placement of custom nasal stents, which failed as they became clogged frequently and were easily dislodged, leading to increased intranasal manipulation and postprocedural inflammation. She was eventually fitted and discharged with a large, unilateral stent. After 8 weeks, the stent was removed; she was tolerating full oral feeds. This case highlights the limitations of surgical repair and describes nontraditional uses of stenting.
Media Gatekeeping and Portrayal of Black Men in America
Authors: Kumah-Abiwu Felix
Published: May 2019

Black men continue to face many challenges in the United States, but their negative portrayal in the media seems to be one of the pervasive challenges facing them. While “occupying” a huge space in the media landscape, one wonders why such a space has not been adequately used to draw public interest/attention to the problems facing Black men. This dilemma with implications for policy outcomes (action/inaction) deserves further theoretical insight. To explore this, the article draws on the critical race theory and white racial frame with the literature on the social construction of Blackness, Black men, and media gatekeeping to advance the argument that the intersections of race, social structures, and media gatekeepers create incentives for the negative portrayal of Black men.
Scaling Up Housing Services Within the Child Welfare System: Policy Insights From Simulation Modeling
Authors: Fowler Patrick J. , Marcal Katherine E. , Chung Saras , Brown Derek S. , Jonson-Reid Melissa , Hovmand Peter S.
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Housing insecurity and homelessness contribute to risk of maltreatment among one in five of the nearly 3.5 million children annually investigated for maltreatment in the United States. The Family Unification Program (FUP)—a federal initiative—connects inadequately housed families involved in child welfare with long-term rental subsidies to avoid foster placement. However, FUP remains understudied and underutilized with funding levels that serve only a fraction of eligible households. The present study uses system dynamics modeling to inform decision-making by testing policies for scaling FUP.

Method:

Simulations model delivery of FUP within child welfare from a feedback perspective. Calibrated on national data, models replicate trends in child welfare involvement from 2013 through 2016, and analyses forecast rates through 2019. Experiments test policies that enhance FUP. Outcomes track system-wide rates of family separation and returns on investment of expanded housing interventions.

Results:

Dramatic expansions of FUP benefit more families and improve marginal return on investment. Yet, scale-up fails to reduce system-wide rates of family separation or generates substantial cost-savings.

Conclusions:

Simulations demonstrate structural challenges for scaling FUP. Constant demand for affordable housing constrains sustainable improvements in child protection. Child welfare responses to homelessness require innovations that reduce demand for housing services through prevention and earlier intervention.
A chemotherapy privileging process for advanced practice providers at an academic medical center
Authors: A Carrasquillo Michelle , A Vest Tyler , S Bates Jill , Faso Aimee , Auten Jessica , Buchanan Ian , McCann Meghan , Carey Lisa , Amerine Lindsey B
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and pharmacists are advanced practice providers who are highly trained and qualified healthcare professionals that can help support traditional demands on oncologists' increased time in direct patient care. The purpose of this study was to detail and assess the creation of a privileging process for this group of medical professionals within an academic medical center. Obtaining the designation of limited oncology practice provider (LOPP) gives the right to modify chemotherapy orders and to order supportive care medications.

Methods

An interdisciplinary team developed a comprehensive training process inclusive of required educational domains, knowledge goals, and educational activities to become an LOPP. In 2018, five years after the implementation of the privileging process, a survey was distributed to assess perceptions of the training process and integration of LOPPs within oncology practice.

Results

Most oncologists noted that working with LOPPs is beneficial to oncology practice (94%) and that they make modifying chemotherapy orders more efficient (87%). Greater than 82% of LOPPs also reported that their privileges streamline the chemotherapy process and make them feel valuable.

Conclusion

The creation of the LOPP designation is an effective way to integrate nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and pharmacists within oncology practice. The inclusion of a focused privileging process ensures the safety of cancer care provided and has created a streamlined process for chemotherapy modifications and supportive care.
Running and Degenerative Osteoarthritis of the Hip: A Morphobiomechanic Study
Authors: Laforgia R. , Specchiulli F. , Nitti L. , De Candia M. , Solarino M. , Pellicani N. , Solarino G.
Published: May 2019

The Authors studied the possible development of degenerative changes in 60 hips of 30 ex-distance runners and ex-long-jumpers who had competed ata national level and had given up competitive sport at least 25 years previously. Careful clinical and radiological examination was carried out with particular attention to certain radiographic parameters. The Authors conclude that intensive, long-term sports activity contributes in no way to degenerative hip disease, and that the origin of so-called primary degenerative arthritis of the hip must be sought in morphological changes seen in hip radiographs which may be evaluated by linear and angular parameters. They suggest that the continuous joint movement might have delayed the occurrence of a degenerative process which would inevitably have arisen due to mechanical changes within the joint.
The Self-Locking Balgrist Hip Socket for Cementless Fixation. Biomechanical Principles and Clinical Results
Authors: Schreiber A. , Jacob H.A.C. , Hauser R. , Kern S.
Published: May 2019

The Authors illustrate the biomechanical principles that have governed the production of their Balgrist hip socket and present the clinical results up to the end of 1991 with 717 implants. By virtue of the specific design and the tightening mechanism, this socket lends itself particularly well for use in dysplastic acetabuli or in revision hip surgery, where bone grafts are required to fill cavities that have resulted from severe bone loss.
Lateral or Valgus Shift: A Mode of Failure of Cementless Stems
Authors: Pazzaglia U.E. , Ghisellini F. , Ciotti M. , Zatti G. , Cherubino P.
Published: May 2019

Two cases of unusual valgus and lateral stem displacement in cementless total hip replacement are reported. A certain number of mechanical conditions must have been present to cause this unusual prosthesis displacement. The Authors suggest that the stem's design was one of these factors.
The Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients Current Guide-Lines
Authors: Surace A. , Mineo G. , Micale C.
Published: May 2019

The most important goal of femoral neck fracture treatment in elderly patients must be a speedy functional recovery which reduces the pathological conditions associated with bed-ridden patients and ensures an easier family insertion.

In this report the Authors present the results of a 48 h post traumatic event in elderly patients who underwent surgical treatment for femoral neck fractures. Immediately following surgery all patients were entered in rehabilitation programs.
Treatment of Femoral Neck Lateral Fractures with the D.H.S. Sliding Screw Plate
Authors: Andreacchio A. , De Marchi F. , Molinari G. P.
Published: May 2019

Authors examine the case report of pertrochanteric femoral fractures treated with the D.H.S. screw plate at 135° in three years (from june 1987 to august 1990) at the Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi of Milan.

During this period of time 92 patients have been operated, and 38 have been clinically controlled with mid follow-up of 54 months.

Authors describe characteristics of this synthesis means comparing it with others (Thorton nail-plate, Ender nails, etc.) commonly used.

Finally, they compare the obtained results with those mentioned in literature.
Partial Weight Bearing after Total Hip Arthroplasty. What does the Patient Really do? A Prospective Randomized Gait Analysis
Authors: Siebert W. E.
Published: May 2019

We investigated whether the instruction to bear full or partial weight is accurately followed by the patient after total hip arthroplasty. The investigation was made with a measuring insole. It was revealed that the patient is able to follow the order only if he receives training with and is controlled by an acoustic and/or optical biofeedback system with every step he takes. Training, even very intensive repeated training, with only a scale is futile. The patients’ strides are made with either a full weight load, when they should not do so or with only a partial weight load, when they should bear full weight.
Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Head Osteonecrosis in Gaucher's Disease
Authors: Grigoris P. , Grecula M.J. , Amstutz H.C.
Published: May 2019

Seven Gaucher patients were treated with a hip arthroplasty from 1973 to 1990. The average age at initial operation was 29.5 years. There were five primary total hip replacements, three surface replacements, and one revision. Clinical results were favorable although there was a high rate of postoperative complications. Two surface replacements were converted to total hip replacements, and two stemmed arthroplasties required revision for aseptic loosening. As we are approaching a cure for the underlying disease and despite the high potential for complications, cemented or hybrid total hip arthroplasty provides predictable symptomatic relief for this difficult patient group.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a parent-mediated sexual education curriculum for youth with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Pugliese Cara E , Ratto Allison B , Granader Yael , Dudley Katerina M , Bowen Amanda , Baker Cynthia , Anthony Laura Gutermuth
Published: May 2019

Youth with autism spectrum disorder can face social-communication challenges related to sexuality, dating, and friendships. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program. In total, 84 youth with autism spectrum disorder aged 9 to 18 and their parents participated in this study; two groups received the Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program (interventionist-led parent group vs parent self-guided), while an attentional control group received a substance abuse prevention program that included instruction in problem-solving and social skills. Feasibility and acceptability of the Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program was high overall. The Supporting Teens with Autism on Relationships program was effective in increasing parent and youth knowledge of sexuality, while the attentional control was not. There was preliminary support for improvement in parenting efficacy related to discussing sexuality with their children. Gains were seen among completers regardless of whether the parent received support from a facilitator. Implications and future directions are discussed.
The role of public service journalism and television in fostering public voice and the capacity to consent: An analysis of Spanish viewers’ discourses
Authors: Lamuedra Graván María , Mateos Concha , Broullón-Lozano Manuel A
Published: May 2019

This article explores the relevance of voice, recognition and consent as central attributes of the subject of participatory journalism. On the understanding that in democracy the design of political and social organisation ought to favour a process that develops the public voice of citizens, it explores the role that journalism, above all the public service kind, plays in meeting this objective. From this perspective, an analysis is performed on the discourses of the viewers of the newscasts of the Spanish public TV channel TVE, with a view to determining to what extent public recognition is based on the following three elements: (1) the recognition of citizens as such, (2) their capacity to give or withhold their consent and (3) to develop a voice capable of vindicating participation. The discussion and results aim to contribute to the debate on the ‘critical juncture’ of media history, at which the information ecosystem is undergoing far-reaching changes.
Who writes a press release? Changing audience perceptions of journalists as marketers of news, not just reporters
Authors: Fisher Caroline , Park Sora , Lee Jee Young
Published: May 2019

The blurring of professional boundaries between journalism and other communications roles is a contested issue in journalism scholarship. To date, much of the work has examined this topic in relation to the impact of digitization on journalism practice, and the challenges this presents to traditional conceptions of journalistic professionalism. Less attention has been paid to audience perceptions of the shifting margins between traditional journalism and non-journalism roles. Data from the Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018 found 26% of news consumers from 33 countries knew that the responsibility for writing a press release belonged to a spokesperson of an organization, rather than a lawyer (3%). However, 40% thought that it was the role of news reporters or producers and a further 34% said they did not know. Regression analyses reveal that news consumers in countries with higher online news consumption, use of news alerts, trust in news on social media and lower press freedom are less likely to answer correctly. Drawing on theory of advocacy in journalism this article argues these findings point to a possible perception on the part of the audience of journalists being both marketers and providers of news. We suggest this partly stems from journalists and news organizations increasingly assuming marketing functions to publicize themselves and their stories on social media and other digital platforms; and that this promotional activity helps blur the distinction between journalism as a news provider from public relations and other marketing roles in the eyes of the audience.
Whose voices are heard? The byline gender gap on Argentine news sites
Authors: Mitchelstein Eugenia , Boczkowski Pablo J , Andelsman Victoria , Etenberg Paloma , Weinstein Marina , Bombau Tomás
Published: May 2019

This article examines patterns of gender discrimination in the authorship of news stories in general, and opinion pieces in particular. Drawing on feminist media scholarship, content analysis of 3013 articles from eight Argentine news sites and their respective social media accounts during 2017 shows that 32.63 percent of the stories with bylines were authored by women; stories about sports, politics, and crime were less likely to have a female byline; there were no significant differences across news sites; and this gap was smaller on the Facebook and Twitter accounts of the news outlets examined than on their home pages. In the case of opinion pieces, the percentage with female bylines dropped to 15 percent, which amounts to a significant difference with other genres even after controlling for other variables, such as topic or news site. On the basis of these findings, we reflect on how factors such as news topics, the format of the news article, and the type of digital source interact with gender as a structuring mechanism of media representations.
Evaluating Cholinergic Receptor Expression in Guinea Pig Primary Auditory and Rostral Belt Cortices After Noise Damage Using [3H]Scopolamine and [18F]Flubatine Autoradiography
Authors: Forrest Taylor J. , Desmond Timothy J. , Issa Mohamad , Scott Peter J. H. , Basura Gregory J.
Published: May 2019

Noise-induced hearing loss leads to anatomic and physiologic changes in primary auditory cortex (A1) and the adjacent dorsal rostral belt (RB). Since acetylcholine is known to modulate plasticity in other cortical areas, changes in A1 and RB following noise damage may be due to changes in cholinergic receptor expression. We used [3H]scopolamine and [18F]flubatine binding to measure muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression, respectively, in guinea pig A1 and RB 3 weeks following unilateral, left ear noise exposure, and a temporary threshold shift in hearing. [3H]Scopolamine binding decreased in right A1 and RB (contralateral to noise) compared to sham controls across all cortical layers. [18F]Flubatine binding showed a nonsignificant upward trend in right A1 following noise but only significantly increased in right RB and 2 layers of left RB (ipsilateral to noise). This selective response may ultimately influence cortical plasticity and function. The mechanism(s) by which cholinergic receptors are altered following noise exposure remain unknown. However, these data demonstrate noise exposure may differentially influence mAChRs that typically populate interneurons in A1 and RB more than nAChRs that are traditionally located on thalamocortical projections and provide motivation for cholinergic imaging in clinical patient populations of temporary or permanent hearing loss.
Experimental investigation of pretensioned bolts under cyclic loading: Damage assessment using acoustic emission
Authors: An Tieliang , Zheng Xigui , Zhu Dengxing , Qian Deyu , Guo Yu , Cao Juncai
Published: May 2019

Understanding the acoustic emission effects on bolts under cyclic loading is of great significance for the support of roadways. The presented research focuses on the acoustic emission characteristics of bolts under cyclic loading. The following main conclusions were drawn: (1) With a higher loading frequency, the acoustic emission counts rate increases, while the total energy released in a given cyclic loading path decreases. (2) A fitting formula is established according to the relationship between the tension amplitude and cumulative acoustic emission counts, which can analyze the tension magnitude level of the cyclic load. (3) A damage factor for a cyclic load is proposed based on the acoustic emission counts generated during the cyclic and monotonic loading process that can analyze the degree of damage to the anchorage system caused by the cyclic load. (4) Based on the spatial distribution of the acoustic emission orientation points and the acoustic emission energy generated during the pull-out process, the acoustic emission damage evolution process of the anchorage specimens is deduced, and the mechanism of the high stability of the pretension anchorage system after cyclic loading is analyzed. The above conclusions may provide some experimental references for the application of acoustic emission technology in bolts supporting roadways.
Adaptive fuzzy logic system–based fault tolerant control for a class of discrete-time switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Li Guangshi
Published: May 2019

An adaptive fuzzy-based fault tolerant control method is first proposed for the discrete-time switched nonlinear systems. In this article, the actuator fault is considered, which contains the loss of effectiveness fault and bias fault. Both the effectiveness factor and the bias signal are unknown but bounded. Moreover, there are unknown internal dynamics in the considered system. In order to solve this problem, the fuzzy logic systems are exploited to provide an approximate construction for the unknown dynamics. Then, under arbitrary switching signals, the designed controller and adaptive laws ensure the boundedness of signals appearing in the considered system, and the system states can track the reference signals. Finally, an example shows the efficiency of the developed approach.
Enhancement of rolling contact fatigue performance of ferrite–pearlite steel with laser shock peening
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lian Qinglin , Wang Xi
Published: May 2019

The laser shock peening effect and its influence on rolling contact fatigue of ferrite–pearlite steel were investigated experimentally. Microhardness on the steel surface is increased after laser shock treatment. The depth of surface layer affected by laser shock hardening is above 1 mm. The maximum residual compressive stress generated on the specimen surface is around 1 GPa. The twin-disk test showed that laser shock-treated steel disk presents better rolling contact fatigue resistance than untreated one. Laser shock-induced strain hardening and compressive residual stress alter crack inclination angle and propagation behavior, which results in a longer fatigue life.
Factors influencing infarct growth including collateral status assessed using computed tomography in acute stroke patients with large artery occlusion
Authors: Jiang Bin , Ball Robyn L , Michel Patrik , Li Ying , Zhu Guangming , Ding Victoria , Su Bochao , Naqvi Zack , Eskandari Ashraf , Desai Manisha , Wintermark Max
Published: May 2019

In major ischemic stroke caused by a large artery occlusion, neuronal loss varies considerably across individuals without revascularization. This study aims to identify which patient characteristics are most highly associated with this variability. Demographic and clinical information were retrospectively collected on a registry of 878 patients. Imaging biomarkers including Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score, noncontrast head computed tomography infarct volume, perfusion computed tomography infarct core and penumbra, occlusion site, collateral score, and recanalization status were evaluated on the baseline and early follow-up computed tomography images. Infarct growth rates were calculated by dividing infarct volumes by the time elapsed between the computed tomography scan and the symptom onset. Collateral score was graded into four levels (0, 1, 2, and 3) in comparison with the normal side. Correlation of perfusion computed tomography and noncontrast head computed tomography infarct volumes and infarct growth rates were estimated with the nonparametric Spearman's rank correlation. Conditional inference trees were used to identify the clinical and imaging biomarkers that were most highly associated with the infarct growth rate and modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Two hundred and thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. The median infarct growth rates for perfusion computed tomography and noncontrast head computed tomography were 11.2 and 6.2 ml/log(min) in logarithmic model, and 18.9 and 10.4 ml/h in linear model, respectively. Noncontrast head computed tomography and perfusion computed tomography infarct volumes and infarct growth rates were significantly correlated (rho=0.53; P < 0.001). Collateral status was the strongest predictor for infarct growth rates. For collateral=0, the perfusion computed tomography and noncontrast head computed tomography infarct growth rate were 31.56 and 16.86 ml/log(min), respectively. Patients who had collateral >0 and penumbra volumes>92 ml had the lowest predicted perfusion computed tomography infarct growth rates (6.61 ml/log(min)). Collateral status was closely related to the diversity of infarct growth rates, poor collaterals were associated with a faster infarct growth rates and vice versa.
Seriality: Development and disruption in the contemporary medial and cultural environment
Authors: Buonanno Milly
Published: May 2019

This article aims to problematise two main tendencies that can be discerned in recent scholarship concerning seriality and how the new era of bountiful production and consumption of serialised narratives relates to seriality as we have known it in previous eras. At stake here are matters of continuity and/or disruption in the changing landscape of media storytelling. I define the two tendencies, respectively, as denied continuity – since it argues for a radical break between contemporary and earlier serial televisual forms – and disregarded disruption – with reference to the apparent blindness of academia with respect to the disruption of seriality brought about by new technology and culturally enabled viewing practices.
Unstable platforms: TV in the digital age
Authors: Thorburn David
Published: May 2019

This essay compares our current experience of technological and cultural disruption with ‘the network era’ (1946–2000), American TV’s first great age. I argue that the relative stability of the medium over this half-century enabled an evolution that helps to explain its cultural centrality as well as its narrative art. The essay suggests that the ongoing instability of post-network television – its welter of platforms, devices and viewing choices, its economic and technological churn – has no counterpart in older TV. My central question: will our experience of continuous transition ever moderate? Even so, the argument concludes, a sense, however vestigial, of continuities remains essential.
Expanding production value: The culture and scale of television and new media
Authors: Christian Aymar Jean
Published: May 2019

Web, or networked, distribution technologies have challenged the power of US media corporations, which set high technical standards for production value, a measure of content quality. Legacy TV companies privilege complex, seamless technical execution supported by large crews of workers – lighting, sound, design, visual effects – but exclude as producers culturally marginalised creators perceived as too risky for the big investment necessary to execute it. The internet disrupts these dynamics by allowing for the distribution of smaller scale TV and video productions that are independently or inexpensively made. In smaller scale work, cultural production value asserts more importance, as producers create with and for their community.