bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An autoimmune cause of confusion in a patient with a background of hypothyroidism
Authors: Brown Jonathan , Sardar Luqman
Published: May 2019

A 68-year-old previously independent woman presented multiple times to hospital over the course of 3 months with a history of intermittent weakness, vacant episodes, word finding difficulty and reduced cognition. She was initially diagnosed with a TIA, and later with a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage following a fall; however, despite resolution of the haemorrhage, symptoms were ongoing and continued to worsen. Confusion screen blood tests showed no cause for the ongoing symptoms. More specialised investigations, such as brain imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electroencephalogram and serology also gave no clear diagnosis. The patient had a background of hypothyroidism, with plasma thyroid function tests throughout showing normal free thyroxine and a mildly raised thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). However plasma anti-thyroid peroxidise (TPO) antibody titres were very high. After discussion with specialists, it was felt she may have a rare and poorly understood condition known as Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE). After a trial with steroids, her symptoms dramatically improved and she was able to live independently again, something which would have been impossible at presentation.

Learning points:

In cases of subacute onset confusion where most other diagnoses have already been excluded, testing for anti-thyroid antibodies can identify patients potentially suffering from HE.

In these patients, and under the guidance of specialists, a trial of steroids can dramatically improve patient’s symptoms.

The majority of patients are euthyroid at the time of presentation, and so normal thyroid function tests should not prevent anti-thyroid antibodies being tested for.

Due to high titres of anti-thyroid antibodies being found in a small percentage of the healthy population, HE should be treated as a diagnosis of exclusion, particularly as treatment with steroids may potentially worsen the outcome in other causes of confusion, such as infection.
Didáctica de la ética. El aporte de Mockus a la gobernabilidad en Colombia
Authors: Bolaños Motta José Ignacio , Castellanos Sánchez María Teresa , Rojas Gómez Javier Orlando
Published: May 2019

This text takes up proposals from Antanas Mockus during his two government programs in the Mayor's Office of Bogotá, with the objective of resignifying at a historical level key moments of Mockusian governance, seen as a didactic strategy that is still viable, and applicable to the inhabitants of different cities from the country. The reflection includes a critical analysis of the government strategies developed in Bogotá, which aimed to strengthen two basic values of society: a) life and b) respect. In conclusion, the contribution of Mockus’ government program to governance in the country is indicated, which gave a place to pedagogy in Colombian politics because it generated a didactic model for the strengthening of citizen ethics, making possible new citizens, and is conceived as a great contribution to the exercise of national politics.
Error conceptual en las investigaciones sobre información genética y seguros
Authors: Ochoa Hernandez Jorge
Published: May 2019

This article aims to show that some research on genetic information and insurance incur in two significant errors. The first mistake is to confuse the means or tool used to extract the genetic information with the information itself and the second is to mistake the genetic information with the place where the information is contained as a database or a questionnaire. The methodology used to demonstrate this confusion is a qualitative documentary analysis of the research that was found on the subject of genetic information and insurance, highlighting the common confusion in which these research incur when dealing only with genetic testing or the supports in which the genetic information may be contained. The results show a generalized confusion in considering that insurers are interested in genetic testing when in fact they only have interest in the genetic information regardless of the means or tool used to extract this information. Similarly, the support on which the genetic information is contained cannot be equaled with the information itself. The normative regulation that is applied on a database should not be the same regulation that applies to the genetic information that it keeps.
Neglected Oeso-Tracheal Fistula on Foreign Body: A Case Report
Authors: Baiz Yassine , Afandi Oussama Abdessalam , Fenane Hicham , Msougar Yassine
Published: May 2019

This patient is a 24-year-old student by profession and from a non-consanguineous marriage, 2nd of a sibship of 4, originally and resident in Marrakech of low socioeconomic level, having as antecedent an inhalation of a neglected metallic foreign body at the age of 2 years, which presents itself for chronic bronchorrhea which has been evolving for 5 years and of recurrent pulmonary infection with the notion of a false route during swallowing which appeared 6 months ago, in who underwent pleuropulmonary examination noted the presence of right basithoracic snoring rattles, thoracic CT and bronchial fibroscopy demonstrated a metallic foreign body at the level of the right bronchus strain with dilatation of the cylindrical type sequential bronchi interesting the associated middle lobe to an oesotracheal fistula of supraciliary topography. preoperative preparation with antibiotic therapy and bronchial drainage respiratory physiotherapy and a decision on thoracic surgical intervention with left selective intubation was taken and right posterolateral thoracotomy was performed with spotting and extraction of the foreign body by bronchotomy with dissection and liberation of the margins fistula and padding of the orotracheal fistula, the postoperative follow-up was simple and the course in the course, medium and long term was marked by a good clinical, biological and radiological improvement with a decline of 14 months.
The morphological and functional characteristics of the pineal gland
Authors: Gheban Bogdan Alexandru , Rosca Ioana Andreea , Crisan Maria
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The pineal gland is a photo-neuro-endocrine organ situated inside the brain, that secretes serotonin, melatonin and N,N-dymethyltriptamine. This narrative review will address the latest information gathered on this function of the gland as well as the unknown roles it may have. The different histological and pathological findings of the pineal gland have demonstrated a role in clinical manifestations of numerous endocrine, neurological and psychiatric pathologies.

Materials. For this narrative review we used the NCBI website database PubMed. The search terms were “Pineal Gland” AND/OR “histology, melatonin, DMT, pathology”. Total number of articles included were 86.

Results: We have reviewed physiological information of melatonin and DMT, anatomical, histological and histopathological information on the pineal gland and its role in endocrine, neurological and psychiatric pathology.

Conclusion. The role of melatonin in immunity and its potential therapeutic effects show promising potential for further research. DMT seems to have a role in psychiatric pathology and potential therapeutic effects. Proper tumoral screening and diagnostic protocol are required.
Empirical evaluation of preferences by ecological factors of individual welfare of Ukrainians
Authors: Dluhopolskyi O. V. , Koziuk V. V. , Ivashuk Y. P. , Panukhnyk O. V. , Virkovska A. A.
Published: May 2019

Based on polling of citizens of different age groups living in Kyiv, Ternopil, Donetsk, Sumy, Zaporizhia, Poltava and Volyn regions of Ukraine, we tested thehypothesis thatthere is alow demand for the public good « a clean environment». We found that 60% of citizens are not satisfied with the level of awareness about the ecological situation in their places of residence, and that the Internet is the main source of information for respondents under 45 years old, while for the older generation its place is taken by TV. In general, young people are ready to engage in solving environmental problems and are well informed about the existence of international environmental organizations and movements. Up to 90% of the population is concerned about the threat of the global environmental crisis, and as the main threats they named transport and industry. Approximately 80% of citizens recognize ecology as a public good, but morethan 90% are skeptical of the authorities’ actions regarding the resolution of environmental problems, and more than 40% of citizens believe that the environmental situation in their places of residence has deteriorated in recent years. Up to 80% of the respondents consider it appropriate to invest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but only 9% of respondents are ready to make a significant personal contribution to this. The vast majority of the population is ready to make contributions of not more than 1% of income to ensure a high quality environment, and only 35% of respondents are trying to buy environmentally friendly products. In general, the study confirms the hypothesis that there is a low level of demandamong Ukrainian citizens for environmentally friendly products and a clean environment. We can explain this situation by the existence of numerous unsolved socio-economic problems of the domestic economy.
The chemical composition of precipitation in Ukraine and its potential impact on the environment and water bodies
Authors: Khilchevskyi V. K. , Kurylo S. M. , Sherstyuk N. P. , Zabokrytska M. R.
Published: May 2019

This article provides characteristic of the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation on the territory of Ukraine and its potential impact on the environment and water bodies. In Ukraine, the rainfall is 650 mm/year in the northwest of the country (mixed forests), up to 300 mm/year in the south (steppe zone), in the Ukrainian Carpathians - up to 1,600 mm/year. Acidity of atmospheric precipitation (pH) on the territory of Ukraine according to monitoring meteorological stations is 5.9-6.3. Minimum values of mineralization of atmospheric precipitation are observed in a zone of mixed forests in the north of the country. In particular, according to the weather station of Teteriv, the mineralization of atmospheric precipitation is 27.0 mg/l. In forest-steppe and steppe zones, this rate gradually increases to 35-45 mg/l, reaching a maximum in the steppe zone at the Askania-Nova meteorological station (82.4 mg/l). In the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation, anion predominates sulfates, and among cations - magnesium. Anthropogenic component of the total mineralization of atmospheric precipitation, calculated for the first time on the territory of Ukraine (meteorological station Kobelyaki) by comparison with the regional natural background, is 69%. Concentration of sulfate ions (8-24 mg/l) in atmospheric precipitation on the territory of Ukraine shows a high level of pollution with sulfur, which corresponds to IV-V levels o environmental pollution. It is noted that with increasing concentrations of sulfates in atmospheric precipitation a tendency towards a decrease in the pH in the water of Svityaz Lake is projected. Current research shows that at high concentrations of sulfates in atmospheric precipitation, the risk of falling individual rains with low pH (so-called acid rains) increases. Waters of high concentration of organic matter and low mineralization of water are widely distributed on the territory of Ukraine (catchments of Polissya and the Carpathian region): up to 100 mg/l in the meadows and up to 30 mg/l in the flood period. Often, the pH of water in them is 6-6.5 and precipitation of acidic precipitation can significantly affect their hydroecological state. The obtained results on the influence of chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation on water objects have a diagnostic character. For more specific results, special synchronized studies of the chemical composition of the water of experimental water reservoirs with sampling ofatmospheric precipitation are required.
Greenways as a form of sustainable tourism development in Lviv region (on the example of Yavoriv district)
Authors: Pankiv N. Ye. , Roik O. R.
Published: May 2019

The article analyzes the concept of green routes and the peculiarities of their distribution and development in the countries of Western Europe. The activity of initiators of green ways in Ukraine is explored. The basic principles of the concept of sustainable development are set forth. The main components of the Green Way are described, in particular: the main axis “backbone trail” is marked, the network of various thematic trails and local routes is marked, the tourism product is consistent with the principles of sustainable tourism, there is regional partnership and a route coordinator, local initiatives are aimed at protecting the natural and cultural heritage The specified stages of the creation of the Green Way: Stage I: “Organization”, Stage II: “Visualization”, Stage III: Promotion and Distribution of the Tourist Product, Stage IV: “Support for Local Initiatives”, Stage V: “Creating Infrastructure on the Itinerary”. Three Greenways created in Ukraine are analyzed in detail. The first of them – “Valley of Two Years” was designed in 2016 in Kiev-Svyatoshinsky district of Kiev region. The peculiarity of this Green Way is primarily the activity of local residents. Thanks to their efforts, traditional activitiesnow include fairs, artistic and other events, triathlon and horse riding competitions, cycling routes. The River Irpin, which, despite overregulation, has preserved many features of the “wild” river, is now a venue for rafting. “Honey Circle” – the basis of the way is formed by theHoryn and Sluchabasins , passes along or near the river valleys. That is why the honey circle is the key to hiking in thecountryside – green, ecological, active, sports and other niche activities, as well as health and recreation. “PradavniiVelet – the basis of the route is formed by the valley of the Dniester River (almost 300 km) and its left-hand tributaries the Koropets, Strypa, Dzhurin, Seret, Tupa, Nichlava and Zbruch. The main tourist resources of the region are concentrated in the river valleys. That is why green (including ecological) tourism is the basis of the concept of development of tourism in the Dniester area. A new green way project has been proposed on the territory of the Lviv region, namely in Yavoriv district. Travelling inRoztochya, tourists, besides many nature reserve objects, can explore many architectural and archaeological sites, sacred buildings, and visit theirmuseums and galleries to see their history.
The scientific heritage of M. S. Grushevsky and its significance for the formation of the sociological theory in Ukraine
Authors: Nikolenko V. V.
Published: May 2019

In the article, using a panoramic view of the problem situation, certain aspects of M. S. Grushevsky’s sociological and political science heritage are presented. Attention is focused on the issues of his tireless state-building, educational, teaching, literary, research activities. The emphasis was placed on the relevance of the socio-political theories of the scientist for comprehending the contemporary stage of the life activity of Ukrainian society. In the context of scientific research of M. S. Grushevsky identified some ideas that are of great importance for the development, on the one hand, of state institutions and civil society in Ukraine, and on the other – the organization of science. First of all, we are talking about important ideas of the sovereignty, independence of the Ukrainian state, the political structure of the country, constitutionalism, national agreement, the unity of Ukrainian lands, high political culture, democracy, the functioning of the Ukrainian language, the interaction of the elite and the average citizen, the social character of Ukrainian society, the development of society, the role of women in social relations, the renaissance of national education, moral orientations of Ukrainian youth, socio-economic development of the country, care for the least well off strata of the population. At the same time, the researcher’s interest in some general theoretical sociological questions was noted – What is society, what are the laws of his progress? Is it possible to explore society with the help of objective methods, the dichotomy of individual and collective, biological and social, differentiation and integration of forms of social life? M. S. Grushevsky’s approval of classical Ukrainian literature was noted, which he considered a strong foundation for the development of national education and culture.
Modern life-design practices: vectors of transformations in the focus of globalization trends
Authors: Nastoiashcha K. V.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the life-style designing practices of modern man. Contrary to conventional, traditional, background practices, the practice of living constructions is constructive, transformative practices. They are conditioned by more individual contexts than cultural ones. However, these practices as well as religious practices tend to transcendental, sacred meaning, and therefore often subjective due to the fact that by building a strategy of his life one way or another, the person thus also responds to existential, semiotic issues. Globalization has brought in their adjustments by changing the general vector of these practices, influenced by its main trends – individualization, virtualization, mobility and universalization of culture. And here it is worth mentioning Enghelhard postmaterialization with its emphasis on the quality of life, the protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual, tolerance, the orientation of the modern man to self-development, self-realization, life for life, life for themselves, ecologism, etc. Due to the influence of global trends, modifications of practices, variations of life styles, heterogeneity of culturals capitals of actors are increasing. Globalization and processes associated with it endow sociality with new qualities, new vectors. And this has different consequences. For us, the first changes the practice of life design by expanding the spectrum of choice of activities forms, life styles, life strategies, as well as their intensification and deprivation of social filters in the form of gender, age, social status. Due to the fact that the practices of life-building are becoming more individualistic, subjective, creative, poly-stylistic, often separated from social-traditional life styles, socially necessary scenarios, which, on the one hand, creates a problem and causes social tension, with the second - hides the powerful potential for further transformation of the social system. That is why modern life-building practices are mostly focused on self-employment, not in the context of professional self-realization, in order to generate income, but in the sense of taking on a variety of interesting activities, such as master classes, trainings, trips, clubs of interests, but more so has a leisure and developing character than applied or self-improving. The spread of downshifting practices, the reduction of vertical mobility, the so-called «slow life» and the popularization of practices of «awareness» is due not only to the antithesis of redundancy of alternatives to choice, but also to other factors, in particular the deepening of existential issues for both modern humans and for humanitarian thinking in general, that seems to already have a protective trend – the antithesis to technologization of science and relevant methodologies.
Social control and transparency of state power: to state the problem of deconstruction of the state in the social discourse of liberalism and neo-liberalism
Authors: Romanenko V. A.
Published: May 2019

Liberalism and neo-liberalism considered as two fundamental ideologies of the present, which review the state from the perspective of its unproductive influence on society. The state as the centralizing power in these ideologies often appears as a totalitarian monster that restricts market competition, adversely affects human rights, in every way attempts to usurp administrative resources and create different monopolies. All these phenomena estimated in liberal ideology as an inevitable social evil. That is why the topic of deconstruction of state power in the liberal ideological discourse often actualized.The nexus paradigm common to liberalism shared by neoliberalism, whose theorists are looking at the state as a tool for securing the privileges of those social groups that are already at the highest hierarchical levels in the stratification system.In Ukraine, we do not have to deal with a similar liberal and neo-liberal consistency, since the tendencies in the state genesis not so much related to a market economy and a democratic society, but to feudal renovations. The latter determine the reverse of the deconcentration and decentralization of the growth of the power resource, which the state tries to increase, if not reduce, when it is possible.However, in many aspects from a scientific point of view, there is reason to speak about the crisis of statehood due to the reduction of social efficiency of state power. This reduced efficiency for the society manifested in the substantial criminalization of the ruling elites, unproductive consumption, corruption practices, multiple theft and misuse of budget funds, low effectiveness of assistance to socially vulnerable groups of the population.For Ukrainian sociology, the very formation of the problem of state deconstruction seems, although premature, but quite possible in connection with the breakthrough crisis events that may arise due to regional separatism, the inability to pay debt, the growth of corruption to a level that would lead to the delegitimization of the state increasing centrifugal tendencies. The above gives grounds to assert that the problem of crisis and deconstruction of the state is now a terra incognita for Ukrainian sociology and may therefore be considered as an interesting subject of analytical research.
Ideology and Morality of Gender Culture in Ukraine
Authors: Svyatnenko I. O.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the research of the ideology and morality of latent gender racism in the gender culture of Ukraine.The author summarizes the first part of the results of empirical research on gender culture of Ukraine, which deals with such units as: a) gender positioning of men and women (equality / inequality); b) gender hierarchies (dominant / submissiveness / egalitarianism); c) gender standards for norms for assessing informal behavior and informal nonverbal-communicative signals.The analysis allows the author to reject the majority of assumptions about egalitarian peculiarities of gender positioning for male and female respondents. It is stated that the regime of privilege available to the Ukrainian gender culture allows to define gender scenarios as matriarchal-racist and those that are agreed upon by both men and women.It is emphasized that the consensus of such a situation shows not only the tacit consent of the majority with the guideline of gender racism, but also the lack of understanding of the policy of gender equality of the western type. Such misunderstanding minimizes the chances of establishing an egalitarian gender culture and contributes to further deepening both gender inequality and the resulting gender conflict of Ukrainian society with all its implications.
Corralation of notions «complex system» and «complex environement» in social philosophy
Authors: Mohammad Ameri S.
Published: May 2019

The relationship between the concepts of «complex system» and «complex environment», which are relevant in modern socio-philosophical knowledge, is investigated. It has been substantiated that in modern conditions of the development of society, which are characterized by variability, non-linearity and complexity, a new research paradigm develops in social philosophy, which allows not only to introduce a systemic approach, but also gives a different interpretation of social phenomena. As a result, the systematic approach has been complemented and, even to some extent, is supplanted by the emerging synergistic approach, which presents social reality as a process of continuous changes and phase transitions. The emerging new view on social reality as an unstable integrity has confirmed that it is necessary to study events and processes. In particular, from the standpoint of psychosynergy (I.V. Yershova-Babenko), an understanding of the integrity and complexity of the system takes the form of a conceptual model of the “whole as a whole / whole-in-whole”. Therefore, the concept of «complex system» in social philosophy can be replaced by the concept of «complex environment», which indicates that emphasizes the dynamic characteristics of social reality, indicates its procedurality and disequilibrium.Also there was an appeal to the subject of social reality, which is a person. Focusing on the person and his social activities allows us to consider social reality as a “psychodimensioned environment” (the term of I.V. Ershova-Babenko), implying that it develops and transforms as a result of human mental activity, group, community of people in different scales of space and time, as well as the scale of individual cultures and civilizations.The use of the psycho-synergetic interpretation of the position of I. Prigogine on the non-equilibrium phase transition of a new type in the semantic field of social philosophy is also shown. For the first time, the phenomenon of “unaccounted subject / product”, related to the analysis of social reality, was used.
Problem of miscommunication in management relations and reconstitution of the political order
Authors: Bashtannyk O. V.
Published: May 2019

The establishment of the fact that the really existing political order is incongruent to the institutional component of the political system takes up the matter with us of thanks to what is its functioning maintained. This problem is relevant due to the fact that in this case, the informality of such order tends to the semi-legal basis of the authorization rather than to the value-symbolic component of being. Institutional practices that made political order, can be reproduced as informal regulators of political communication or, by normative formalization, become an institutionalized component of the political system. It is possible to assume that one of the mechanisms for establishing the non-institutional political order is its self-maintaining through the use by actors of policy of specific interaction practices. Communicative practices, amongst others, have a decisive influence on the said processes, since their open and rational implementation allows to reach the level of discussing rules for the organization of power relations.It is substantiated that in political systems being transformed, the said initial incongruence can be firmly established as a result of the distortion of the content essence in the communication while applying manipulative technologies (including, through the system of education). If informal political discourse even goes beyond the control of formalized institutions (at least indirectly) but becomes effective, then it is considered necessary, as long as it justifies the existing political order, no matter how paradoxical it was. In our opinion, this is one of prerequisites for the emergence of hybrid political regimes, in which the deliberately stimulated coexistence of the formal (legal) and the efficient produces the uncertainty and, at the same time, is its result. In similar circumstances, individuals apply the kind of communication practices (for example, para-dialogue) contributing to the reconstitution of the political order, by which they were designed or adapted in the social environment. The habituation to the double bind situation can be regarded as one of elements for the formation of the double institutionalization in the socio-political environment, which would explain the stability of the latter in the context of the macro-system inefficiency.
“The Post-Modern Turn” of the US Military Scholars: Shallow, Adherent and Critical?
Authors: Loboda Y. O.
Published: May 2019

According to historical facts, military elites were never totally separated from intellectual civil elites. From Ancient times to nowadays professional military education and personal contacts flourished due to mutual interest between these two parties. It is not easy task to define if this interaction was constructive or not for military since there is rich contradictory evidence – how stoics educated victorious Roman imperial army and how Henri Bergson’s name is associated with two military blunders of France in the both world wars, despite of heavy criticism from his civil colleagues and generals in interwar period. Thus, it is important to understand, which intellectual biases and fashion are represented in contemporary Western military periodics and academic scholarship as a mirror of contemporary military thinking. The overall trend can be defined as “postmodernist turn”, which is realized in the following three main forms: shallow, adherent and critical. The majority of military writers, being familiar with the leading civil intellectuals through their higher education in humanities and social science, apply for postmodernist agenda pursuing the general intellectual mainstream fashion, which is common for both civil and military publications. Nevertheless, in the majority of cases this happens due to shallow following mainstream narrative, not because of the personal priorities, when adherence to a specific intellectual fashion is well-grounded and clearly motivated. The same is applicable to the military criticism of postmodernism, when the critical approach refers to the deep competence in contemporary intellectual debates among civil experts. This approach mainly reproduces devastating criticism of postmodernism as relativist, a way of thinking which is not relevant to military profession. This situation can be quite fruitful both for military and civil academics: it creates perfect conditions for critical debates aimed for clearing out fashionable metaphors, popular mindsets and elements of narrative, where pure theoretic structures can face the trial of practitioners, whose professional decisions are extremely responsible for safety of human lives and national security. Anyway, the internal opposition to the supporters of postmodernism in military sciences gives hope that it has all the chances not to become an overwhelming trend in military scholarship.
Formation of the policy of Soviet power in the housing issue in the 20’s of XX century
Authors: Chahovets T.
Published: May 2019

In this publication formation of policy of Bolsheviks of rather housing question is considered. Housing policies of the Soviet power – some kind of unique experiment in the sphere of housing which had no analogs in the world and was conducted at the beginning of the XX century with an exception of a private ownership on the earth and the real estate, with change of a control system of housing and activity of people, formation of labor and household collectives, with development of state and departmental form of ownership on housing. All these processes happened in the uniform ideological field, in uniform political and welfare borders. Article purpose – not only to analyse theories which influenced formation of policy of Bolsheviks in a housing question, but also to track the embodiment them in life of the Soviet society.On the basis of the new approaches caused by the need for more objective estimates of historical heritage under conditions of democratization public lives the population life kommunization problem and also policy of Bolsheviks of rather housing question is investigated and reinterpreted. Process of change of old inhabited economy on anti-market destroyed house owners and apartments owners, liquidated old and created new types of development of living space, resisted to private individual housing. K. Marx, F. Engels and V. Lenin’s views of strategy and tactics of new anti-capitalist housing policies are considered. It is proved that housing policies in the 20-th years of the 20th century represented set of discriminatory and protectionist measures which created conditions for formation and existence of household collectives. The beginning of real practical actions for implementation of housing policies of Bolsheviks needs to be counted from the moment of adoption of the first decrees which cardinally changed the nature of a land ownership and the real estate. Housing policies of the Soviet power affected many processes which happened in society: from moral and ethical aspects of life in family before creation of «sotsgorodok» of future society. Thereof the earth and a housing stock, stopping being a purchase sale subject, turned into means of the state distribution, and as a result – into means of administrative and political influence.
Specifics of the corruption and bribery interpretation in the scientific and social discourse of modern Ukraine
Authors: Verkhovod L. I.
Published: May 2019

The article defines specifics of the corruption and bribery interpretation in the modern scientific literature. The necessity of clear separation of these concepts is emphasized. It is noted that bribery is about taking advantages of official position aimed at personal gain. This concept is broader than «corruption» by scope. Corruption is interpreted as bribery in the field of public authority. For a long time, corruption was believed to be a disease of developing countries mainly and explained as a by-product of modernization. The situation began to change in the 80’s and 90’s of the XX century, when the studies related to the spread of this phenomenon in the developed countries of the world have been initiated. A quite large number of approaches to the corruption study are singled out in the scientific literature. The most common are the following: moralizing, normative, structural-functional, comparative, behavioural, networking, pluralistic, sociological, etc. It is believed that the sociological approach is the most promising, since it involves the analysis of the variety of normative systems and social factors contributing to corruption behaviour. Moreover, the sociological analysis of corruption allows for showing differentiation in estimates of this phenomenon by various subjects. These principles were implemented during the empirical study of the corruption and bribery perception on the near-front zones of Donbas.The article underscores the relation between an attitude to the law and willingness to participate in corruption practices. Just one third of the interviewed demonstrate a strive for acting only within the legal field. The relative majority of respondents speak about cases when the law can be ignored. It was proved that such mindset contributes to a loyal attitude toward corruption and bribery.As to social discourse, bribery and corruption in Ukraine remain tightly integrated into social medium. The population demonstrates an ambivalent attitude to them. On the one hand, bribery is a disease of social development which needs to be exterminated. On the other hand, it simplifies the problem solution and is believed to be a characteristic of the Ukrainian mentality. Such attitude of the population may hinder successful actions in the direction of significant reduction of this phenomenon manifestations in our society. The differences in the corruption interpretation by young people (18-34 years old) and mature people (35 - 50 years old) were discovered. It was emphasized that young people stand for a more severe punishment for participation in corruption practices (death penalty, life imprisonment). The mature respondents were more reserved in this issue and advocated the dismissal and imprisonment for a certain period. The youth was always a driver of social changes, so such a radical attitude to corruption and bribery suggests the possibility of the appearance of people with a new type of consciousness.
The ontology of good and evil and the problem of freedom of choice christian philosophical reasoning of S. Kierkegaard
Authors: Savonova G. I.
Published: May 2019

The article reveals the peculiarity of S. Kierkegaard’s philosophical arguments about the essence of good and evil, the problems of ethical and psychological compression of human existence in transcendence «or-or». The ontology of good and evil is revealed by the philosopher in the problem of freedom as a given and unfreedom as a limitation, when good as God resides in freedom. God does not know unfreedom precisely for his freedom is unrecognized, and this is the greatest punishment for evil. It is noted that a Christian who is an ethical person finds himself in a situation of choice between good and evil, and the hovering of the process of choice in time leads to a choice in unfreedom, which is already sin and evil. The emphasis is placed on the concept of “sin” in the Christian definition of it by S. Kierkegaard, as well as on the problem of «blocking» the choice by fears. The article establishes the connection between sin and fear in the problem of faith and human action. The analysis of differentiation of fear as fear to be oneself and fear not to be oneself is carried out. Fear in philosophy S. Kierkegaard is defined as the psychological problem of choice and the metaphysical essence of evil that experiences fear of good. Evil is afraid of good because it defines it as something that encroaches on the essence of evil – unfreedom. People are afraid of their knowledge of lack of freedom and loss of faith. The question of Christian faith in the metaphysics of freedom of choice is a means of salvation from the demonicness of non-freedom, according to the philosophy of S. Kierkegaard. The loss of faith at any stage of life leads a person to despair. There are two types of despair in the philosophy of S. Kierkegaard: despair to be I and despair not to be I. The article focuses on the problem of sin. The problem of defining sin reveals the meaning of despondency as the beginning of any sin. Discouragement is bound to the darkness of evil, the place of permanent stay restless demoni and eternal falling into the abyss. A disappointed person does not have a point of support for the “leap of faith”, so she seeks comfort in the realization of her desires and the injection of fear. That is why the “leap of faith” from the ethical to the religious person is considered in the article as a way out of the choice between good and evil. The article also provides a brief comparative review of the philosophical arguments Of S. Kierkegaard and existentialist philosophers.
The theory of dynamic chaos in the socio-philosophical and social studies
Authors: Seliverstova Anna
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the application of the theory of dynamic chaos to the study of social phenomena. Appeal to the origins of the creation of the theory of dynamic chaos in natural science (A. Poincaré, I. Prigogine, E. Lorenz, and others) revealed nonlinear dynamic systems in the natural environment (turbulent flows, atmosphere, biological populations, etc.). The category of “chaos” is now firmly established in the arsenal of the social sciences and humanities, although only recently it referred exclusively to natural science knowledge (the theory of chaos in mathematics, physics, biology, etc.). In synergetics, for the first time, the description of self-organization processes as a mutual transition of order and chaos was proposed by I.R. Prigogine.But in the social sciences such systems are society, its economic, political and other spheres, which have the properties of non-closure, instability and non-linear development. In Ukrainian philosophical thought, one of the first works in which the problem of the development of nonlinear self-developing systems was highlighted was the work of I.S. Dobronravova (1991). Scientific monograph I.V. Yershova-Babenko (1992) also had a significant impact on the development of studies of complex non-linear systems, since for the first time the system of the human psyche was considered as a non-linear self-organized system. The psycho-synergetic model of social reality is based on the fact that social reality is a psychomeric environment, i.e. a complex nonlinear system consisting of other complex nonlinear integrity, which are determined by phase transitions between different states of chaos and order. The application of chaos theory is also possible at the micro and macro levels of social research, which is presented by Ukrainian researchers in synergetics (I. S. Dobronravova, L. Finkel) and in psychosynergetics (I.V. Yershova-Babenko), L. Bevzenko and others.
O problema da razão dos animais a partir da perspectiva neoplatônica
Authors: Amaral Ronaldo
Published: May 2019

Os pensadores antigos deixaram uma extensa e variada historiografia acerca do estudo sobre os animais, e a contemporaneidade a recobrou. Na tardia antiguidade, abundantes pesquisas a partir de Plutarco e, em menor número, desde Porfirio, ambos autores de tratados específicos sobre o tema, devem ser ressaltadas. A existência ou não de razão nos animais ou, de outro lado, a discussão e demonstração afirmativa desta, embora fundada em uma natureza e certa dinâmica psicofísica singular à humana, mas nunca quanto a sua essencialidade mesma, cujo princípio é metafísico e uno, constituem alguns dos argumentos abordados. No entanto, em relação a este segundo aspecto, que toca a própria questão da Alma e, como seu corolário, a dinâmica uno-múltiplo nos seres fenomênicos, pouco se disse. Como acreditamos que o estudo sobre a alma seja essencial a nossa discussão, ela é o nosso foco neste estudo.
A avaliação de obras do componente curricular filosofia no PNLD 2018
Authors: Cornelli Gabriele , Gontijo Pedro , Lopes Rodolfo , Sampaio Evaldo
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo é fruto de trabalhos e pesquisas conduzidos pela equipe de coordenação do PNLD 2018 (Plano Nacional de Livros Didáticos), a qual se reuniu por duas ocasiões, juntamente com todos os pareceristas, em seminários exclusivamente dedicados ao projeto. O texto pode, pois, ser dividido em quatro seções, as quais (e cuja divisão) se revelarão suficientemente evidentes para o leitor. Em primeiro lugar, é apresentada uma revisão historiográfica (inédita, tanto quanto sabemos) do ensino de Filosofia no Ocidente, desde as primeiras instituições da Antiguidade até a atualidade, mas com especial enfoque no caso brasileiro. Em segundo lugar, apresentamos uma revisão crítica da legislação mais relevante, sobretudo a vigente, para o processo de seleção dos manuais didáticos a distribuir pelas escolas brasileiras durante o período de vigência do edital, referindo em particular os critérios que nortearam tal seleção. Em terceiro lugar, são referidos alguns dos aspectos mais importantes das obras aprovadas neste edital do PNLD. Finalmente, são abordados alguns aspectos relativos aos desafios que o PNLD terá necessariamente que enfrentar, tendo em conta a conjuntura brasileira atual, nomeadamente os pacotes legislativos mais recentes a propósito do PNLD enquanto tal, mas também do papel da própria Filosofia no ensino obrigatório no nível médio.
Refugiados, desplazados e inmigrantes económicos. El caso de la dignidad
Authors: Loewe Daniel
Published: May 2019

El artículo analiza cómo se relaciona la premisa normativa de la dignidad humana con la evaluación del fenómeno migratorio. Para aquello, da cuenta de una concepción de dignidad humana que no recurre a presupuestos naturalistas ni supraempíricos, y presenta tres alternativas diferentes para otorgarle contenido normativo en base a un umbral suficientarista (la teoría de las relaciones internacionales de Rawls, la sociedad decente de Margalit, y el enfoque en las capacidades de Nussbaum). Desde estas perspectivas, se sostiene que el trato corriente que se da a los refugiados, a los desplazados medioambientales y a los inmigrantes económicos, amenaza su dignidad y debe, por tanto, dar paso a otros modos de hacer frente al fenómeno migratorio.
Performance of the DSM-5-based criteria for Internet addiction: A factor analytical examination of three samples
Authors: Besser Bettina , Loerbroks Lotta , Bischof Gallus , Bischof Anja , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

The diagnosis “Internet Gaming Disorder” (IGD) has been included in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, the nine criteria have not been sufficiently reviewed for their diagnostic value. This study focuses on a broader approach of Internet addiction (IA) including other Internet activities. It is not yet clear what the construct of IA is in terms of dimensionality and homogeneity and how the individual criteria contribute to explained variance.

Methods

Three separate exploratory factor analyses and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out based on information collected from a general population-based sample (n = 196), a sample of people recruited at job centers (n = 138), and a student sample (n = 188).

Results

Both of the adult samples show a distinct single-factor solution. The analysis of the student sample suggests a two-factor solution. Only one item (criterion 8: escape from a negative mood) can be assigned to the second factor. Altogether, high endorsement rates of the eighth criterion in all three samples indicate low discriminatory power.

Discussion and conclusions

Overall, the analysis shows that the construct of IA is represented one dimensionally by the diagnostic criteria of the IGD. However, the student sample indicates evidence of age-specific performance of the criteria. The criterion “Escape from a negative mood” might be insufficient in discriminating between problematic and non-problematic Internet use. The findings deserve further examination, in particular with respect to the performance of the criteria in different age groups as well as in non-preselected samples.