bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of geothermal gradient across two differently aged continental volcanic passive margins: The Southwest African and the Norwegian margins
Authors: Gholamrezaie Ershad , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Sippel Judith , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the shallow thermal field differences for two differently aged passive continental margins by analyzing regional variations in geothermal gradient and exploring the controlling factors for these variations. Hence, we analyzed two previously published 3D conductive and lithospheric-scale thermal models of the Southwest African and the Norwegian passive margins. These 3D models differentiate various sedimentary, crustal and mantle units and integrate different geophysical data such as seismic observations and the gravity field. We extracted the temperature-depth distributions in 1 km intervals down to 6 km below the upper thermal boundary condition. The geothermal gradient was then calculated for these intervals between the upper thermal boundary condition and the respective depth levels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 km below the upper thermal boundary condition). According to our results, the geothermal gradient decreases with increasing depth and shows varying lateral trends and values for these two different margins. We compare the 3D geological structural models and the geothermal gradient variations for both thermal models and show how radiogenic heat production, sediment insulating effect, and thermal LAB depth influence the shallow thermal field pattern. The results indicate an ongoing process of oceanic mantle cooling at the young Norwegian margin compared with the old SW African passive margin that seems to be thermally equilibrated at the present-day.
Sea ice local surface topography from single-pass satellite InSAR measurements: a feasibility study
Authors: Dierking Wolfgang , Lang Oliver , Busche Thomas
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Quantitative parameters characterizing the sea ice surface topography are needed in geophysical investigations such as studies on atmosphere–ice interactions or sea ice mechanics. Recently, the use of space-borne single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) for retrieving the ice surface topography has attracted notice among geophysicists. In this paper the potential of InSAR measurements is examined for several satellite configurations and radar frequencies, considering statistics of heights and widths of ice ridges as well as possible magnitudes of ice drift. It is shown that, theoretically, surface height variations can be retrieved with relative errors  ≤  0.5 m. In practice, however, the sea ice drift and open water leads may contribute significantly to the measured interferometric phase. Another essential factor is the dependence of the achievable interferometric baseline on the satellite orbit configurations. Possibilities to assess the influence of different factors on the measurement accuracy are demonstrated: signal-to-noise ratio, presence of a snow layer, and the penetration depth into the ice. Practical examples of sea surface height retrievals from bistatic SAR images collected during the TanDEM-X Science Phase are presented.
A validation and code-to-code verification of FAST for a megawatt-scale wind turbine with aeroelastically tailored blades
Authors: Guntur Srinivas , Jonkman Jason , Sievers Ryan , Sprague Michael A. , Schreck Scott , Wang Qi
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper presents validation and code-to-code verification of the latest version of the U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory wind turbine aeroelastic engineering simulation tool, FAST v8. A set of 1141 test cases, for which experimental data from a Siemens 2.3 MW machine have been made available and were in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission 61400-13 guidelines, were identified. These conditions were simulated using FAST as well as the Siemens in-house aeroelastic code, BHawC. This paper presents a detailed analysis comparing results from FAST with those from BHawC as well as experimental measurements, using statistics including the means and the standard deviations along with the power spectral densities of select turbine parameters and loads. Results indicate good agreement among the predictions using FAST, BHawC, and experimental measurements. These agreements are discussed in detail in this paper, along with some comments regarding the differences seen in these comparisons relative to the inherent uncertainties in such a model-based analysis.
PROCEDIMENTO PARA ANÁLISE NUMÉRICA COM SOFTWARE ANSYS DE UMA VIGA EM FLEXÃO COM A FORMA T
Authors: Castro Emerson Cardoso de
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: Desenvolvida no Software ANSYS, este trabalho se constitui de uma análise numérica de uma viga de seção na forma de T invertido engastada em uma extremidade e outra sem vinculação, com um momento concentrado aplicado na extremidade livre. O desenvolvimento se deu no âmbito bidimensional com base nos tópicos de ajuda do Software utilizando o modelo VM10. Cada etapa do processo foi descrita em sequência, possibilitando ao leitor replicar e verificar o modelo realizado, além de expor os critérios utilizados. Estão listadas neste trabalho, as operações utilizando a linguagem APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language), facilitando a reprodução da análise. Como forma de verificação os resultados obtidos na modelagem numérica foram comparados com uma solução analítica, embasada nas teorias da Resistência dos Materiais. Observou-se que as diferenças entre os resultados no modelo numérico e os encontrados pelo modo analítico são quase nulas, comprovando a confiabilidade do Software ANSYS mostrando-se bastante eficaz para analisar estruturas como as analisadas nesta proposta até as mais complexas.ABSTRACT: This work presents a numerical analysis carried out in the Software ANSYS of an inverted T-beam clamped at one end and free at the other, with a concentrated moment being applied at the free end. The analysis was two-dimensional and based on the help topics of the Software using the model VM10. Each step of the process was described in sequence and the criteria used were specified, allowing the reader to replicate and verify the model used. This work also lists the operations using the APDL language (ANSYS Parametric Design Language), which facilitates the reproduction of the analysis. As a way of verifying the results found in the numerical modeling, they were compared to an analytical solution based on the theories of Strength of Materials. The differences found between the numerical model results and those of the analytical model are almost null, therefore indicating the reliability of the Software ANSYS which proves itself effective in analyzing structures as the one analyzed in this work or more complex ones.
Urinary retention by mirtazapine: A case report
Authors: Gajananrao Raje Madhav
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Mirtazapine is considered to be safest and versatile antidepressant. However, sedation is known to be dose dependent side effect. 7.5 mg/day mirtazapine induces more sedation than 15 mg/day mirtazapine. There is no other side effect of mirtazapine which is reported to be dose dependent.
Case Report: Here is a case, where dose dependent urinary retention is detected. A 38-year-old married female reported with array of recurring symptoms like dysphoria, insomnia, loss of appetite, burning all over, uneasiness, increased frequency of micturation and stool, irritability, frustration, weeping often. She was symptomatic since last five to six years, despite regular psychiatric treatment. Her earlier psychiatrist had expressed inability to treat recurrence and intensity of her symptoms. She was kept on mirtazapine 7.5 mg per day to begin with. She responded favorably. To gain more relief dose of mirtazapine was increased to 15 mg/day. Within one to two days she complained of inability to pass urine. Her complaint was specific that she was not able to empty her bladder completely. After completing the act of micturation she used to experience much discomfort in pelvic region. Further investigations revealed significant urinary retention. Lowering of dose brought her relief immediately.
Conclusion: Mirtazapine with dose of 7.5 mg per day effectively could treat recurring symptoms of a female patient. But increase in dose up to 15 mg/day caused significant side effect of urinary retention against the conventional belief of rise in dose of mirtazapine would increase the relief.
Extrusion Processing of Amaranth and Quinoa into Gluten-Free Snack Foods for Celiac and Gluten-Free Diets
Authors: Gearhart Caitlin , Rosentrater Kurt A.
Published: August 2017

Because of the growth of gluten intolerance and Celiac disease, there is growing interest in development of gluten-free foods. Beyond just being gluten-free, such foods can also have other positive nutritional benefits to human health. Extrusion processing is commonly used to produce a wide variety of human food products. Gluten-free grains can be a processing challenge, however, due to lack of proper binding, which can lead to poor quality food products. This research explores how extrusion parameters impacted the quality of amaranth- and quinoa-based extrudates. The specific objectives of this project included extruding each of the grains, then measuring extrudate properties, such as color, unit density, expansion ratio, and durability. Both the quinoa and amaranth were extruded as raw grain, as well as ground to 2mm and 1mm particle sizes. Other experimental conditions included moisture contents of 20% and 40% (d.b.), and extruder screw speeds of 50 rpm and 100 rpm. All treatments were successfully extruded, and all extrudates had high quality attributes, making this the first time either quinoa or amaranth was extruded without any binding ingredients. This study provides information useful for commercial scale-up.
Biodesulfurization of Sour Crude Oil
Authors: Alkhalili Bushra Esmail , Yahya Adibah , Abrahim Norhaim , Ganapathy Birintha
Published: August 2017

Crude oil is one of the most important types of fossil fuel in the world. It is an economically important commodity that is massively used in many industrial activities. The poor quality of crude oil is related to high sulfur content, which translates to lower profit margins and negatively impacts air quality standards. Polyaromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) that exist in crude oil requires an efficient reduction method to achieve significant desulfurization levels. Recently, biodesulfurization (BDS) is gaining greater attention attributed to its environmentally benign bioprocess; possible benefits of BDS include lower capital and processing costs. Studies have reported that BDS is urgently needed for desulfurization of recalcitrant organic sulfur relative to traditional approach, hydrodesulfurization (HDS). The establishment of commercial scale biorefining technology relies on major advancement with respect to less expensive and sufficient production of highly active and stable biocatalysts that can be adapted to intense conditions encountered in petroleum refineries. In this paper, a review on BDS processes for removing recalcitrant thoiphenic components from sour crude oil is conducted, covering the aim of most studies concerning desulfurizing bacteria, which enables a deep desulfurization of organosulfur compounds by 4S pathway, maintaining the caloric value of fuel.
Effects of Aspect Ratio and Loading on the Mechanical Properties of Prosopis Juliflora Fibre-reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Composites
Authors: Sujin Jose A. , Athijayamani A. , Ramanathan K. , Sidhardhan S.
Published: August 2017

In this paper, an attempt was made to use Prosopis juliflora fibres (PJFs) as a reinforcing agent for phenol formaldehyde (PF) composites. Mechanical properties of the composites were studied for various fibre aspect ratios (FAR) and fibre loadings (FL). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the fractured surface of the composites. The peak range of mechanical properties was identified for composites with a FAR of 136 and fibre loading of 23.53 wt%. This study shows that the optimum FAR and fibre loading for PJFs were found to be 136 and 23.53 wt% in order to achieve good reinforcement with better mechanical properties in the PF resin matrix. Experimental results were observed to be in very good agreement with the theoretical.
Influence of Modification on the Structural and Tensile Properties of Polyurethane Coated Knitted Fabrics after Natural Weathering
Authors: Potočić Matković Vesna Marija , Skenderi Zenun
Published: August 2017

The intention of this study was to investigate the changes in properties of polyurethane coated knitted fabrics intended for sportswear or casual wear, i.e outdoor use after natural weathering, in two different seasons. The exposure of coated fabrics to outdoor natural weathering affected all properties investigated, namely, the mass, thickness, shrinkage, elongation and breaking forces. Summer exposure made greater modification of every parameter measured than winter exposure, except for the thickness. Solar radiation has a greater impact on the decrease in breaking forces of coated fabrics than on other properties measured. Strong positive correlations between the thickness of coated fabric and breaking forces were observed which can be used to design coated fabric with better tensile properties. The prediction of change under the influence of environmental conditions allows to improve coated fabrics with the aim of better protection of the wearer.
Artificial Neural Network System for Prediction of Dimensional Properties of Cloth in Garment Manufacturing: Case Study on a T-Shirt
Authors: Kalkanci Mihriban , Kurumer Gülseren , Öztürk Hasan , Sinecen Mahmut , Kayacan Özlem
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the present study was to estimate dimensional measure properties of T-shirts made up of Single Jersey and interlock fabrics through Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). To that end, 72 different types of t-shirts were manufactured under 2 different fabric groups, each was consisting of 2 groups: one with elastane and the other without. Each of these groups were manufactured from six different materials in three different densities through two different knitting techniques of single jersey and interlock. For estimation of dimensional changes in these T-shirts, models including feed-forward, back-propagated, the momentum learning rule and sigmoid transfer function were utilized. As a result of the present study, the ANN system was found to be successful in estimation of pattern measures of garments. The prediction of dimensional properties produced by the neural network model proved to be highly reliable (R2> 0.99).
Establishing an Accuracy Basis for the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS)
Authors: Burdette Carolyn Q , Camara Johanna E , Nalin Federica , Pritchett Jeanita , Sander Lane C , Carter Graham D , Jones Julia , Betz Joseph M , Sempos Christopher T , Wise Stephen A
Published: August 2017

Until recently, the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) assessed the performance of various assays for the determination of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by using a consensus mean based on the all-laboratory trimmed mean (ALTM) of the approximately 1000 participants' results. Since October 2012, the National Institute of Standardsand Technology (NIST), as part of the Vitamin D Standardization Program, has participated in DEQAS by analyzing the quarterly serum sample sets using an isotope dilution LC-tandem MS (ID LC-MS/MS) reference measurement procedure to assign an accuracy-based target value for serum total 25(OH)D. NIST has analyzed90 DEQAS samples (18 exercises × 5 samples/exercise) to assign target values. The NIST-assigned values are compared with the ALTM and the biases assessed for various assays used by the participants, e.g., LC-MS/MS, HPLC, and several ligand-binding assays. The NIST-value assignment process and the resultsof the analyses of the 90 DEQAS samples are summarized. The absolute mean bias between the NIST-assignedvalues and the ALTM was 5.6%, with 10% of the samples having biases >10%. Benefits of the accuracy-based target values are presented, including for sample sets with high concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3.
A Generalized Potential/RANS Interactive Method for the Prediction of Propulsor Performance
Authors: Su Yiran , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: August 2017

This article introduces a generalized potential/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) interactive method for the prediction of propulsor performance with an emphasis on the calculation of the steady (axisymmetric) or the time-averaged (non-axisymmetric) effective wake fields. In the RANS solver, the propeller boundary is represented by local source terms. Therefore, this method can be used to efficiently handle different types of propulsor-related multicomponent interaction problems. The scheme is first validated by an open propeller application with a uniform inflow and then applied to a vortical-inflow-propeller interaction case, a contra-rotating propeller case, as well as a hull-rudder-propeller interaction case. Results are compared with RANS (with the propeller modeled as wall boundaries) and experiments.

1. Introduction

Predictions of propeller efficiency, propeller forces, and propeller cavitation patterns are of great importance in maritime and offshore industry. These predictions are directly related to fuel efficiency, structural vibration analysis, and noise control. To accurately evaluate the propeller performance, it is essential to consider the mutual influence between the ship hull and the propeller, between different propellers if multiple propellers are used, and between different rows of a propeller if multirow propulsion is employed.

To predict the flow field around multiple bodies, finite volume methods are commonly used. In these methods, the fluid domain is usually split into one static domain and one (or several) revolving domain(s) and a mixing plane condition is applied to the sliding interfaces between different domains (Zhuang et al. 2004; Sanchez-Caja et al. 2009). The mixing plane condition circumferentially averages certain fluid quantities on each side of the interface and uses these averaged quantities as the boundary condition to the other side. This treatment neglects the unsteady component of the interaction effect between different bodies (between ship hull/propeller or between different rows of the propeller) so that the problem can be solved as steady. The computational cost of this method can range from several hours to several days depending on the size of the mesh, the type of the propeller, and the computing power (Kinnas et al. 2015). In fact, when the mixing plane condition is applied to the sliding interfaces, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method (RANS) actually solves for the mean performance of the propeller. On the other hand, if the mixing plane condition is not applied, RANS can be solved as unsteady, but the computational cost will be much higher.
SYNTHESIS OF SODIUM THIOSULFATE PENTAHYDRATE BY MECHANICAL ACTIVATION OF S−Na2SO3 SYSTEM
Authors: Urakaev Farit Kh.
Published: August 2017

The mechanochemical synthesis of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) in the ball 2-drum planetary mill "Activator-2SL" owing to mechanical activation of an aqueous sulfur suspension (S) in the equimolar solution of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) was carried out by the Na2SO3 + S = Na2S2O3 reaction for the first time. As the mechanochemical reactors for the synthesis of Na2S2O3·5H2O, the following accessories were chosen (drum balancing was carried out with the appropriate ball loading): (i) A stainless steel drum of 250 ml volume and a combined ball charge (diameter of balls was 1 cm) of silicon nitride (Si3N4, 30 pieces) and tungsten carbide (WC, 20 pieces); (ii) Silicon nitride drum of 80 ml in volume and a ball charge of tungsten carbide (30 pieces). This choice minimized the corrosion of the hardware in the alkaline solution. The synthesis process is carried out by mechanical activation of sulfur for at least 35 min at a rotational speed of the mill carrier of at least 350 rpm. The preparation of Na2S2O3·5H2O involves the reaction of elemental sulfur with a solution of sodium sulfite in the presence of ammonia, filtration of the suspension and crystallization of the desired product. X-ray phase analysis for the crystallization products of filtrates from drums (i) and (ii) showed the presence of only one phase, namely Na2S2O3·5H2O reflexes. By thermal analysis, it was determined that the difference in the crystallization products in drums (i) and (ii) is in the different content of the crystallization water: the weight loss percentage of the sample from drum (i) is many times greater than that of drum (ii). Using the method of iodometric titration, it was found that under relatively mild and short-term conditions of mechanical activation, the degree of transformation for the reaction of formation of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate in the slurry solution is ~95%. Forcitation:Urakaev F.Kh. Synthesis of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate by mechanical activation of S−Na2SO3 system. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 37-42.
Applications of multimodal concordances
Authors: Baldry Anthony , Thibault Paul J.
Published: August 2017

Multimodal corpus linguistics has so far been a theoretical rather than an applicative discipline. This paper sketches out proposals that attempt to bridge between these two perspectives. It does so with particular reference to the development of the conceptual and software tools required to create and concordance multimodal corpora from the applicative standpoint and as such is designed to underpin the study of texts at universities in foreign-language teaching and testing cycles. One branch of this work relates to multimedia language tests which, as illustrated in Section 2, use concordancing techniques to analyze multimodal texts in relation to students’ understanding of oral and written forms of discourse in English. Another branch is the exploration of multimodal tests concerned with the explicit assessment of students’ knowledge of the principles and/or models of textual organization of multimodal texts. The two types of test are not mutually exclusive. A third branch of research thus relates to the development of hybrid tests which, for example, combine a capacity to analyze multimodal texts with an assessment of students’ language skills, such as ﬂuency in speaking and writing in English or which ascertain the multimodal literacy competencies of students and the differing orientations to meaning-making styles that individuals manifest. The paper considers these different applicative perspectives by describing the different categories of concordance achievable with the MCA online concordancer (Section 2) and by deﬁning their relevance to multimodal discourse analysis (Section 3). It also illustrates the use of meaning-oriented multimodal concordances in the creation and implementation of multimodal tests (Sections 4). It concludes by suggesting that the re-interpretation of the nature and functions of concordances is long overdue and that the exploration of new types of concordance is salutary for linguistics and semiotics in general.
ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES ET RÉSILIENCE : EFFETS DES ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES SUR LE BIEN-ÊTRE PHYSIQUE ET PSYCHOLOGIQUE
Authors: Reed Brianna , Hu Selia , Tugade Michele M. , Bouffard Léandre
Published: August 2017

L’article présente la théorie de Fredrickson sur les émotions positives dite « expansion et construction » (broaden and build) ainsi que des résultats qui la soutiennent. Dans le contexte de cette théorie, nous discutons des bienfaits de l’expansion et de la construction des émotions positives sur la santé physique et psychologique : une résilience aguerrie, des stratégies efficaces face au stress ainsi que la récupération physiologique à la suite d’expériences négatives. Enfin, nous présentons un bref aperçu des approches passées et actuelles pour l’étude des émotions positives et nous proposons de nouvelles techniques pour la mesure de ces émotions en utilisant les nouvelles technologies mobiles.
BONHEUR ET ENGAGEMENT : LE RÔLE DE LA PASSION DANS LE FONCTIONNEMENT OPTIMAL EN SOCIÉTÉ
Authors: Bragoli-Barzan Léa , Vallerand Robert J.
Published: August 2017

Qu’est-ce que le bonheur? Quels sont certains des facteurs qui peuvent contribuer à atteindre un tel état? Le but de cet article consiste à démontrer le rôle fondamental de la passion envers diverses activités dans l’atteinte du fonctionnement optimal. Dans ce cadre, nous présentons leModèle dualiste de la passion(Vallerand, 2010, 2015; Vallerand et al., 2003) et le concept deFonctionnement optimal en société(Vallerand, 2013). De plus, nous résumons diverses recherches démontrant le rôle adaptatif d’un type de passion (harmonieuse) et celui moins adaptatif, et même parfois mésadaptatif, d’un autre type de passion (obsessive) dans l’atteinte duFonctionnement optimal en société. Certaines conclusions et pistes de recherche sont aussi présentées.
BIEN-ÊTRE, DÉVELOPPEMENT DU POUVOIR D’AGIR DES PERSONNES ET DES COLLECTIVITÉS ET APPRENTISSAGE TOUT AU LONG DE LA VIE
Authors: Chamberland Manon , Bourassa Bruno , Le Bossé Yann
Published: August 2017

Ce texte propose une réflexion sur la notion du développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes et des collectivités (empowerment) et sa pertinence pour soutenir concrètement le bien-être et l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie. Dans un premier temps, une brève problématique permet d’identifier trois défis pour les praticiens de la relation désireux de soutenir le bien-être et l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie. Dans un deuxième temps, quelques précisions conceptuelles conduisent à cerner en quoi le développement du pouvoir d’agir des personnes et des collectivités constitue une alternative toujours d’actualité pour soutenir le bien-être défini en référant aux plans personnel, relationnel et communautaire. Dans un troisième temps, la recherche collaborative est présentée comme une piste prometteuse pour dégager des avenues d’actions dans la poursuite de cette finalité.
PROCESSUS DE RÉALISATION DES BUTS PERSONNELS ET BIEN-ÊTRE SUBJECTIF : SYNTHÈSE ET APPLICATIONS
Authors: Julió Laïa
Published: August 2017

Cet article présente une synthèse des connaissances portant sur la relation entre le processus de réalisation des buts personnels et le bien-être subjectif. Les différents facteurs qui favorisent l’atteinte d’un but et les étapes qui caractérisent la démarche vers la réalisation d’un but sont discutés. Puis, les impacts qu’exerce le processus de réalisation des buts sur le bien-être subjectif sont décrits. Finalement, le programme d’intervention de groupe Gestion des buts personnels, qui porte sur la réalisation de buts est présenté, afin d’illustrer les applications cliniques possibles des données empiriques présentées.
L’apport de Maryvonne Kendergi à la smcq
Authors: Bail Louise
Published: August 2017

Pour mesurer l’apport de Maryvonne Kendergi à la smcq, il est nécessaire de survoler sa carrière québécoise en s’appuyant sur la solide formation universitaire et professionnelle que lui dispensèrent les institutions parisiennes (1929-1952). De passage à Montréal, elle est retenue par Radio-Canada pour sa voix exceptionnelle et commence, en septembre 1956, une brillante carrière radiophonique de promotrice de la musique contemporaine. Graduellement, Kendergi intègre les arcanes de l’avant-garde montréalaise, grâce, entre autres, à la venue de Stockhausen à Montréal en 1958, aux projets des compositeurs dans l’organisation de la Semaine internationale de musique actuelle (1961) et dans la fondation de la smcq (1966), puis au rayonnement de celle-ci, liant ses activités à celles de l’Université de Montréal avec la mise sur pied des Musialogues (1969). Se dégage de l’article, le rôle qu’amenèrent à jouer les exceptionnelles compétences de Kendergi dans l’expansion de la smcq.
La joie de la matière (les parallèles se touchent…) : Circuits parallèles, de Nicolas Gilbert
Authors: Gonneville Michel
Published: August 2017

Bien que d’une écriture instrumentale en apparence conventionnelle, loin des techniques de jeu alternatives, Circuits parallèles du compositeur montréalais Nicolas Gilbert entraîne l’auditeur dans une riche aventure formelle, basée sur la perception d’éléments clairement définis et réitérés, mais aussi constamment recontextualisés et renouvelés. Au sein de choix compositionnels parfois éclectiques, comme le langage qui en résulte, la série dodécaphonique laisse une marque profonde, et certaines techniques numériques et distributionnelles qui lui sont reliées maintiennent ce métathématisme dans une tension fertile entre rigueur d’une part, et une expressivité, une animation ludique et une force dramatique remarquables d’autre part.
Skin bacterial microbiome of a generalist Puerto Rican frog varies along elevation and land use gradients
Authors: Hughey Myra C. , Pena Janelle A. , Reyes Roberto , Medina Daniel , Belden Lisa K. , Burrowes Patricia A.
Published: August 2017

Host-associated microbial communities are ubiquitous among animals, and serve important functions. For example, the bacterial skin microbiome of amphibians can play a role in preventing or reducing infection by the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Evidence suggests that environmental bacteria likely serve as a source pool for at least some of the members of the amphibian skin bacterial community, underscoring the potential for local environmental changes to disrupt microbial community source pools that could be critical to the health of host organisms. However, few studies have assessed variation in the amphibian skin microbiome along clear environmental gradients, and so we know relatively little about how local environmental conditions influence microbiome diversity. We sampled the skin bacterial communities of Coqui frogs, Eleutherodactylus coqui (N = 77), along an elevational gradient in eastern Puerto Rico (0–875 m), with transects in two land use types: intact forest (N = 4 sites) and disturbed (N = 3 sites) forest. We found that alpha diversity (as assessed by Shannon, Simpson, and Phylogenetic Diversity indices) varied across sites, but this variation was not correlated with elevation or land use. Beta diversity (community structure), on the other hand, varied with site, elevation and land use, primarily due to changes in the relative abundance of certain bacterial OTUs (∼species) within these communities. Importantly, although microbiome diversity varied, E. coqui maintained a common core microbiota across all sites. Thus, our findings suggest that environmental conditions can influence the composition of the skin microbiome of terrestrial amphibians, but that some aspects of the microbiome remain consistent despite environmental variation.
The microbial biosphere of the coral Acropora cervicornis in Northeastern Puerto Rico
Authors: Godoy-Vitorino Filipa , Ruiz-Diaz Claudia P. , Rivera-Seda Abigail , Ramírez-Lugo Juan S. , Toledo-Hernández Carlos
Published: August 2017

Background

Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystems in the marine realm, and they not only contribute a plethora of ecosystem services to other marine organisms, but they also are beneficial to humankind via, for instance, their role as nurseries for commercially important fish species. Corals are considered holobionts (host + symbionts) since they are composed not only of coral polyps, but also algae, other microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In recent years, Caribbean reef corals, including the once-common scleractinian coral Acropora cervicornis, have suffered unprecedented mortality due to climate change-related stressors. Unfortunately, our basic knowledge of the molecular ecophysiology of reef corals, particularly with respect to their complex bacterial microbiota, is currently too poor to project how climate change will affect this species. For instance, we do not know how light influences microbial communities of A. cervicornis, arguably the most endangered of all Caribbean coral species. To this end, we characterized the microbiota of A. cervicornis inhabiting water depths with different light regimes.

Methods

Six A. cervicornis fragments from different individuals were collected at two different depths (three at 1.5 m and three at 11 m) from a reef 3.2 km off the northeastern coast of Puerto Rico. We characterized the microbial communities by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene region V4 with the Illumina platform.

Results

A total of 173,137 good-quality sequences were binned into 803 OTUs with a 97% similarity. We uncovered eight bacterial phyla at both depths with a dominance of 725 Rickettsiales OTUs (Proteobacteria). A fewer number (38) of low dominance OTUs varied by depth and taxa enriched in shallow water corals included Proteobacteria (e.g. Rhodobacteraceae and Serratia) and Firmicutes (Streptococcus). Those enriched in deeper water corals featured different Proteobacterial taxa (Campylobacterales and Bradyrhizobium) and Firmicutes (Lactobacillus).

Discussion

Our results confirm that the microbiota of A. cervicornis inhabiting the northeastern region of Puerto Rico is dominated by a Rickettsiales-like bacterium and that there are significant changes in less dominant taxa at different water depths. These changes in less dominant taxa may potentially impact the coral’s physiology, particularly with respect to its ability to respond to future increases in temperature and CO2.
Experimental moose reduction lowers wolf density and stops decline of endangered caribou
Authors: Serrouya Robert , McLellan Bruce N. , van Oort Harry , Mowat Garth , Boutin Stan
Published: August 2017

The expansion of moose into southern British Columbia caused the decline and extirpation of woodland caribou due to their shared predators, a process commonly referred to as apparent competition. Using an adaptive management experiment, we tested the hypothesis that reducing moose to historic levels would reduce apparent competition and therefor recover caribou populations. Nested within this broad hypothesis were three specific hypotheses: (1) sport hunting could be used to substantially reduce moose numbers to an ecological target; (2) wolves in this ecosystem were primarily limited by moose abundance; and (3) caribou were limited by wolf predation. These hypotheses were evaluated with a before-after control-impact (BACI) design that included response metrics such as population trends and vital rates of caribou, moose, and wolves. Three caribou subpopulations were subject to the moose reduction treatment and two were in a reference area where moose were not reduced. When the moose harvest was increased, the moose population declined substantially in the treatment area (by 70%) but not the reference area, suggesting that the policy had the desired effect and was not caused by a broader climatic process. Wolf numbers subsequently declined in the treatment area, with wolf dispersal rates 2.5× greater, meaning that dispersal was the likely mechanism behind the wolf numerical response, though reduced recruitment and starvation was also documented in the treatment area. Caribou adult survival increased from 0.78 to 0.88 in the treatment area, but declined in the reference. Caribou recruitment was unaffected by the treatment. The largest caribou subpopulation stabilized in the treatment area, but declined in the reference area. The observed population stability is comparable to other studies that used intensive wolf control, but is insufficient to achieve recovery, suggesting that multiple limiting factors and corresponding management tools must be addressed simultaneously to achieve population growth.
The Brazilian version of the 20-item rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine and dentistry
Authors: Cruvinel Agnes Fátima P. , Méndez Daniela Alejandra C. , Oliveira Juliana G. , Gutierres Eliézer , Lotto Matheus , Machado Maria Aparecida A.M. , Oliveira Thaís M. , Cruvinel Thiago
Published: August 2017

Background

The misunderstanding of specific vocabulary may hamper the patient-health provider communication. The 20-item Rapid Estimate Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALMD-20) was constructed to screen patients by their ability in reading medical/dental terminologies in a simple and rapid way. This study aimed to perform the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of this instrument for its application in Brazilian dental patients.

Methods

The cross-cultural adaptation was performed through conceptual equivalence, verbatim translation, semantic, item and operational equivalence, and back-translation. After that, 200 participants responded the adapted version of the REALMD-20, the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), ten questions of the Brazilian National Functional Literacy Index (BNFLI), and a questionnaire with socio-demographic and oral health-related questions. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the REALMD-20 (P < 0.05).

Results

The sample was composed predominantly by women (55.5%) and white/brown (76%) individuals, with an average age of 39.02 years old (±15.28). The average REALMD-20 score was 17.48 (±2.59, range 8–20). It displayed a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.789) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.73; 95% CI [0.66 − 0.79]). In the exploratory factor analysis, six factors were extracted according to Kaiser’s criterion. The factor I (eigenvalue = 4.53) comprised four terms—“Jaundice”, “Amalgam”, “Periodontitis” and“Abscess”—accounted for 25.18% of total variance, while the factor II (eigenvalue = 1.88) comprised other four terms—“Gingivitis”, “Instruction”, “Osteoporosis” and “Constipation”—accounted for 10.46% of total variance. The first four factors accounted for 52.1% of total variance. The REALMD-20 was positively correlated with the BREALD-30 (Rs = 0.73,P < 0.001) and BNFLI (Rs = 0.60,P < 0.001). The scores were significantly higher among health professionals, more educated people, and individuals who reported good/excellent oral health conditions, and who sought preventive dental services. Distinctly, REALMD-20 scores were similar between both participants who visited a dentist <1 year ago and ≥1 year. Also, REALMD-20 was a significant predictor of self-reported oral health status in a multivariate logistic regression model, considering socio-demographic and oral health-related confounding variables.

Conclusion

The Brazilian version of the REALMD-20 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for screening dental patients in relation to their recognition of health specific terms. This instrument can contribute to identify individuals with important dental/medical vocabulary limitations in order to improve the health education and outcomes in a person-centered care model.
Orquestrando Laboratórios Cidadãos: Um Estudo de Caso no TransLAB
Authors: Silva Silvio Bitencourt da
Published: August 2017

Neste estudo de caso, é analisado como o TransLAB, um laboratório cidadão, exerce a sua orquestração, uma capacidade dinâmica necessária à coordenação de uma rede de inovação aberta e centrada no usuário, na qual predominam inovações sociais. De forma orgânica, todas as pessoas envolvidas nas atividades do laboratório contribuem na sua coordenação por meio de ações específicas de acordo com cada projeto. São observadas evidências das seis dimensões de orquestração de redes de inovação: definição da agenda, mobilização, mobilidade e apropriabilidade do conhecimento, estabilidade da rede e coordenação. O exercício do papel do TransLAB como orquestrador demonstra haver proximidade com os  laboratórios que integram a EnoLL no Brasil e de outras iniciativas em curso nas quais predominam o desenvolvimento de inovações sociais. Neste estudo, a orquestração de redes de inovação é observada como um reflexo de outros elementos distintos, porém, interdependentes, dos quais é possível sugerir aprofundamentos futuros:  1) o contexto que se refere ao ambiente no qual a rede se insere; 2) a capacidade em desenvolver, gerir e coordenar uma rede de inovação, representada pela ideia da orquestração; 3) a estrutura da rede; 4)  as saídas de inovação e seus processos; e 5) o alinhamento dos processos de orquestração de redes de inovação quando voltadas ao desenvolvimento de inovações sociais.
Práticas Organizativas de uma Quadrilha Junina Competitiva
Authors: Rufino Karine Rodrigues , Moreira de Souza Elnivan , Lopes Luma Louise Sousa , Da Silva Júnior José Jorge , Alvarenga Rafaella Medeiros Alves
Published: August 2017

O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender como ocorrem as práticas organizativas de uma quadrilha junina à luz da ideia de comunidade de prática. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os conceitos de Práticas Organizativas, Comunidades de Prática e Festas/Quadrilhas Juninas com a finalidade de estender os conhecimentos dos temas abordados. O objeto de pesquisa foi uma quadrilha junina de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, denominada Tradição da Roça, constituída em 2000, composta por 90 membros. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa enquadra-se como qualitativa descritiva de inspiração etnográfica. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizamos diário de campo, análise de documentos (impressos e digitais) e entrevista aberta com três membros da diretoria. Para analisar os dados, aplicamos análise de conteúdo. Foi possível perceber que, no contexto das quadrilhas juninas, há práticas organizativas como divisão de tarefas, liderança, planejamento, compartilhamento de conhecimentos, mudanças, inovação, conflitos e formação de cultura, o que as colocam como um escopo de organização.
Mapping subduction interface coupling using magnetotellurics: Hikurangi margin, New Zealand
Authors: Heise W. , Caldwell T. G. , Bannister S. , Bertrand E. A. , Ogawa Y. , Bennie S. L. , Ichihara H.
Published: August 2017

The observation of slow‐slip, seismic tremor, and low‐frequency earthquakes at subduction margins has provided new insight into the mechanisms by which stress accumulates between large subduction (megathrust) earthquakes. However, the relationship between the physical properties of the subduction interface and the nature of the controls on interplate seismic coupling is not fully understood. Using magnetotelluric data, we show in situ that an electrically resistive patch on the Hikurangi subduction interface corresponds with an area of increased coupling inferred from geodetic data. This resistive patch must reflect a decrease in the fluid or sediment content of the interface shear zone. Together, the magnetotelluric and geodetic data suggest that the frictional coupling of this part on the Hikurangi margin may be controlled by the interface fluid and sediment content: the resistive patch marking a fluid‐ and sediment‐starved area with an increased density of small, seismogenic‐asperities, and therefore a greater likelihood of subduction earthquake nucleation.
ENSO‐based probabilistic forecasts of March–May U.S. tornado and hail activity
Authors: Lepore Chiara , Tippett Michael K. , Allen John T.
Published: August 2017

Extended logistic regression is used to predict March–May severe convective storm (SCS) activity based on the preceding December–February (DJF) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) state. The spatially resolved probabilistic forecasts are verified against U.S. tornado counts, hail events, and two environmental indices for severe convection. The cross‐validated skill is positive for roughly a quarter of the U.S. Overall, indices are predicted with more skill than are storm reports, and hail events are predicted with more skill than tornado counts. Skill is higher in the cool phase of ENSO (La Niña like) when overall SCS activity is higher. SCS forecasts based on the predicted DJF ENSO state from coupled dynamical models initialized in October of the previous year extend the lead time with only a modest reduction in skill compared to forecasts based on the observed DJF ENSO state.
Mapping fluids to subduction megathrust locking and slip behavior
Authors: Saffer Demian M.
Published: August 2017

In subduction zones, high fluid content and pore pressure are thought to promote aseismic creep, whereas well‐drained conditions are thought to promote locking and failure in earthquakes. However, observations directly linking fluid content and seismic coupling remain elusive. Heise et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074641) use a magnetotelluric survey to image the electrical resistivity structure of the northern Hikurangi subduction thrust to ~30 km depth, as an indicator of interconnected fluid content. The authors document a clear correlation between high resistivity and a distinct geodetically locked patch and between conductive areas and weak coupling. Their study, together with other recent geophysical investigations, provides new evidence for the role of fluids in governing subduction thrust locking.
Complex climatic and CO2 controls on net primary productivity of temperate dryland ecosystems over central Asia during 1980–2014
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ren Wei
Published: August 2017

Central Asia covers a large land area of 5 × 106 km2 and has unique temperate dryland ecosystems, with over 80% of the world's temperate deserts, which has been experiencing dramatic warming and drought in the recent decades. How the temperate dryland responds to complex climate change, however, is still far from clear. This study quantitatively investigates terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) in responses to temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 during 1980–2014, by using the Arid Ecosystem Model, which can realistically predict ecosystems' responses to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 according to model evaluation against 28 field experiments/observations. The simulation results show that unlike other middle‐/high‐latitude regions, NPP in central Asia declined by 10% (0.12 × 1015 g C) since the 1980s in response to a warmer and drier climate. The dryland's response to warming was weak, while its cropland was sensitive to the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE). However, the CFE was inhibited by the long‐term drought from 1998 to 2008 and the positive effect of warming on photosynthesis was largely offset by the enhanced water deficit. The complex interactive effects among climate drivers, unique responses from diverse ecosystem types, and intensive and heterogeneous climatic changes led to highly complex NPP changing patterns in central Asia, of which 69% was dominated by precipitation variation and 20% and 9% was dominated by CO2 and temperature, respectively. The Turgay Plateau in northern Kazakhstan and southern Xinjiang in China are hot spots of NPP degradation in response to climate change during the past three decades and in the future.
Mechanistic Insight into Weak Base‐Catalyzed Generation of Carbon Monoxide from Phenyl Formate and Its Application to Catalytic Carbonylation at Room Temperature without Use of External Carbon Monoxide Gas
Authors: Konishi Hideyuki , Matsubara Mika , Mori Keisuke , Tokiwa Takaki , Arulmozhiraja Sundaram , Yamamoto Yuta , Ishikawa Yoshinobu , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Shigeta Yasuteru , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Manabe Kei
Published: August 2017

The mechanisms of the weak base‐catalyzed generation of carbon monoxide (CO) and phenol from phenyl formate were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. Kinetic studies revealed a first‐order reaction in both phenyl formate and the base. The reaction was found to proceed by an E2 α‐elimination pathway, which involves the abstraction of the formyl proton of phenyl formate, simultaneously generating CO and phenoxide. The reaction rate was affected by the substituents on phenyl formate, the polarity of solvents, and the basicity of bases. The mechanistic insight obtained from these studies permitted the chemical control of the rate of CO generation, which was the key to the development of the external CO‐free Pd‐catalyzed phenoxycarbonylation of haloarenes at room temperature. Because of the mild reaction conditions and wide substrate scope, this phenoxycarbonylation constitutes a general, safe, and practical method to synthesize arenecarboxylic acid esters.

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