bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La ciudad de Zaragoza en un escenario de crisis: diagnóstico y propuestas territoriales para nuevos paradigmas urbanos
Authors: Calvo Palacios José Luis , Pueyo Campos Ángel , Zúñiga Antón María
Published: September 2017

La crisis del modelo económico está llevando a las grandesciudades españolas a replantearse sus modelos de crecimiento y de gestión.Este artículo hace una consideración de cuál podría ser el proyectourbano para la ciudad de Zaragoza en las próximas décadas.
Patrones temporales y espaciales de la precipitación en Aragón desde 1950
Authors: Cuadrat José María , Serrano Roberto , Saz Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se analizan los patrones espaciales y temporalesde la precipitación en Aragón desde 1950 y se analizan las tendenciasdel periodo 1981-2010 respecto a 1951-1980. Para el análisis seobtuvo una serie regional de precipitaciones entre 1950 y 2010. Se compruebala existencia de diferentes fases secas y húmedas, además de undescenso pluviométrico generalizado. A escala estacional, existen importantesdiferencias, siendo los descensos más acusados en invierno yverano; mientras en otoño existe cierta tendencia al alza.
Las rentas agrarias y rurales en Extremadura
Authors: Gurría Gascón José Luis , Nieto Masot Ana , Hernández Carretero Ana María
Published: September 2017

Extremadura es una región eminentemente rural, por cuantoque las veinte ciudades principales tan sólo aglutinan a la mitad de lapoblación. En las últimas dos o tres décadas se han producido profundastransformaciones que han supuesto el paso de una economía agrariade subsistencia a una economía competitiva de los servicios, que haafectado tanto a las ciudades como, de manera más atenuada, a losámbitos rurales. Estos cambios, no obstante, no han sido suficientes paraexplicar la estabilidad de la población en los núcleos rurales, todavíabastante dependientes de un sector agrario incapaz de impulsar el desarrollode pueblos y comarcas por sí solo. Sin embargo, al amparo de lascoyunturas de las últimas décadas, la población rural ha sabido generaruna serie de rentas mixtas multisectoriales y nuevas dinámicas, basadasen la movilidad, que han permitido un nivel de vida digno y la estabilidadde su población.
El meandro de la Peña el Cuervo: un ejemplo de dinámica fluvial actual del Bajo Gállego (Depresión del Ebro)
Authors: Peña Monné José Luis , Rubio Fernández Virginia , Longares Aladrén Luis Alberto , Sánchez Fabre Miguel
Published: September 2017

La dinámica del curso bajo del río Gállego ha cambiado deforma significativa tras las transformaciones generadas en las últimasdécadas por la acción humana. Como testimonio de su funcionamientoactual, se analiza uno de los meandros de este tramo fluvial durante lascrecidas de 2003-2004, en el que se pone de manifiesto su comportamientomixto. Por una parte, en momentos de crecida es capaz de generarbarras lobuladas y transversas con una trayectoria y funcionamientomás cercano al sistema braided, mientras que al descender su caudalgenera rupturas de barras, que alimentan la formación de point-bars yla recuperación de su trazado meandriforme habitual. Esta dinámicaalternante genera rupturas de pendiente, con rápidos que, en ocasiones,se ven incrementados localmente por cambios en la resistencia del sustrato,al que consigue acceder el río como consecuencia de los procesosde incisión activados en época reciente.
Envejecimiento, estancamiento poblacional y perspectivas demográficas en Extremadura
Authors: Pérez Díaz Antonio , Leco Berrocal Felipe
Published: September 2017

La situación de crisis que viene atravesando en los últimosaños la economía mundial ha servido para despertar los viejos temoressobre las nefastas consecuencias socioeconómicas del envejecimientodemográfico. El recorte de las pensiones, el retraso de la edad de jubilación,la ampliación de los períodos de cotización y, en suma, la quiebradel estado del bienestar, han vuelto a convertirse en temas de actualidaddespués de permanecer plácida e interesadamente adormecidosdurante la pretérita etapa de bonanza económica.El presente artículo aborda algunos aspectos del envejecimiento demográficoen Extremadura, especialmente en lo concerniente a las causasde su temprano inicio, sus efectos sobre el estancamiento que padece lapoblación regional y su previsible incidencia sobre el futuro demográficode Extremadura.
Los espacios "del miedo", ciudad y género. Experiencias y percepciones en Zaragoza
Authors: Añover López María
Published: September 2017

El miedo está profundamente relacionado con la raza, laclase, la edad, pero sobre todo con el género. Desde esta mirada, elgénero femenino en la vida social no se explica sin la exclusión de éstea la hora de construir la ciudad. Características urbanísticas tales comolas mala iluminación, los accesos a la vivienda, los parques, pasajes...,estos factores relacionados con la existencia de gente en la calle, si esde día o de noche, la imagen de seguridad transmitida por los mediosde comunicación, calles y barrios más conflictivos debido a la presenciade sujetos percibidos como peligrosos..., hacen que la ciudad no seapara las mujeres. Así, el objeto de estudio se dirige a desentrañar lasespecificaciones del miedo urbano estudiando dos barrios de Zaragozacon características de habitabilidad muy diferentes, a través de las diferentespercepciones de hombres y mujeres que viven en cada zona, todoello desde una perspectiva de género o feminista.
El espacio vitivinícola aragonés como paisaje cultural y factor de desarrollo
Authors: Frutos Mejías Luisa María , Castelló Puig Ana , Hernández Navarro María Luz , Loscertales Palomar Blanca , Ruiz Budría Enrique , Rubio Terrado Pascual
Published: September 2017

En el momento actual el paisaje cultural, formado por elementostangibles e intangibles que expresan una acción humana prolongadasobre el medio natural, es considerado como patrimonio y seña deidentidad de una sociedad y un territorio. Igualmente se entiende comoun recurso que permite actividades económicas y repercute en esa sociedady ese territorio. Los paisajes vitivinícolas cumplen esos requisitos.En las siguientes páginas, partiendo de los datos que ofrecen las fuentesde información del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente,el Departamento de Agricultura del Gobierno de Aragón, el InstitutoAragonés de Estadística y los Consejos Reguladores de las Denominacionesde Origen vitivinícolas, se analizarán los espacios de viñedoaragoneses con denominación de origen, donde se concentra el mayorporcentaje de este cultivo en Aragón, poniendo la atención en el carácterpatrimonial y cultural que aporta la larga historia de sus paisajes y supapel en el desarrollo rural.
Cuerpo, emociones y lugar: aproximaciones teóricas y metodológicas desde la Geografía
Authors: Ortiz Guitart Anna
Published: September 2017

Este artículo presenta las principales aportaciones sobre loscuerpos en geografía. Se presenta una amplia variedad de artículos publicadosen revistas de geografía anglosajonas ya que, sin lugar a dudasy de manera más notable, ha contribuido a la reflexión sobre este campodel saber. La mayoría de estos artículos están publicados en revistas cuyalínea editorial se manifiesta particularmente sensible a las perspectivas socialesy culturales en geografía. En menor medida se presentan aportacionesprocedentes de la geografía española y latinoamericana ya que supresencia ha sido y continúa siendo, especialmente en el caso español,casi inexistente.
La résidence secondaire barcelonaise en Cerdagne Française. Paradoxes d'un modèle transfrontalier catalan
Authors: Bachimon Philippe , Dérioz Pierre
Published: September 2017

Las residencias secundarias de barceloneses en la Cerdaña francesasuperan la mitad del stock residencial turístico. Estas residencias sepresentan mayoritariamente en forma de urbanizaciones separadas de losnúcleos de población preexistentes. Este aislamiento se acompaña de unatasa de ocupación extremadamente reducida. En apariencia, el fenóme -no está siendo afectado de forma marginal por la crisis inmobiliaria española,lo que no deja de suscitar interrogantes mientras que las promocionesinmobiliarias inacabadas se multiplican en el entorno en forma debaldíos. Una vez explicado este desajuste, trataremos el impacto sobre el tejido social local de este fenómeno urbano y paisajístico de gran amplitud,con especial atención a sus aspectos paradójicos en materia de diferenciacióncultural y de reinvención de fronteras mentales internas, allídonde podía esperarse una dinámica de fusión cultural.
Enjeux et défis des politiques locales d'adaptation au changement climatique en Aquitaine
Authors: Rebotier Julien
Published: September 2017

La adaptación al cambio climático se impone tanto en las instituciones internacionales como en la academia o en la acción pública, nacional y local. La implementación de estrategias locales de adaptación en Francia es una marca de las leyes Grenelle de l’Environnement. Mientras se cuestionan las relaciones entre sociedades y ambiente, mientras se consolidan dudas e incertidumbres, y mientras se redefinen los actores legítimosa la hora de elaborar e intervenir en la gestión territorial, el análisis de la operacionalización de aquellas estrategias en los territorios de Aquitania presenta tres resultados principales. Subraya la difícil apropiación local de las estrategias, evidencia el abanico de oportunidades que existen para los actores locales a pesar de las dificultades de librarse de un modelo descendiente de acción pública, y hace hincapié en la importancia para las ciencias sociales de conceptualizar la cuestión ambientala partir de sus dimensiones sociopolíticas y humanas mientras que se reduce a menudo a un enfoque de geociencias y a la incertidumbre de la modelización del clima.
Estimación del comportamiento futuro del nivel del mar en las Islas Canarias a partir del análisis de registros recientes
Authors: Fraile Jurado Pablo , Sánchez Rodríguez Esperanza , Fernández Díaz Miguel , Pita López María Fernanda , López Torres José Manuel
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se estima el comportamiento futuro del nivel medio del mar en las Islas Canarias a partir de registros locales procedentes de mareógrafos y satélites altimétricos (con información sobre el comportamiento reciente del nivel del mar en la superficie marina). La metodología empleada consiste en realizar un análisis de regresión lineal entre dichos registros locales recientes y una serie global correspondiente al mismo periodo temporal, identificando en cada una de las rectas de regresión lineal correspondiente los valores referidos a tres escenarios futuros del IPCC, que indican las expectativas locales de cambio del nivel del mar tanto en los mareógrafos como en la superficie marina. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que se producirán subidas generalizadas del nivel medio del mar en todo el área de estudio. En dos de los mareógrafos analizados y en la mayor parte de las aguas canarias se producirán subidas por encima de las expectativas del IPCC, mientras que en el tercer mareógrafo, en Lanzarote, los resultados indican ascensos del nivel del mar inferiores a las predicciones globales para el final del siglo XXI.
Análisis y planificación de zonas inundables. Estudio de caso: Quebrada y Canal de Ramón, Santiago de Chile
Authors: Cadierno Gutiérrez Jon
Published: September 2017

El presente trabajo aborda el análisis y la planificación de una zona inundable en Santiago de Chile afectada por los desbordamientos de la Quebrada de Ramón. A partir del análisis del marco normativo vigente sobre áreas inundables, la elaboración de diagnósticos acerca del comportamiento de caudales y la evaluación del cumplimiento de la normativa y la adecuación de los usos del suelo dentro de las zonas de restricción delimitadas por los planes reguladores, se presenta una serie de propuestas para la elaboración de una nueva planificación de zonas inundables. La base de estas alternativas es la recuperación parcial del Territorio Fluvial, proponiéndose así soluciones desde la ordenación del territorio que mitiguen el riesgo de la población expuesta, principalmente a través de la eliminación de obstáculos para permitir a las crecidas re-ocupar áreas que pertenecen a la dinámica fluvial.
Evidence for a Till Layer Beneath Storglaciären, Sweden, Based on Electrical Resistivity Measurements
Authors: Brand Geoff , Pohjola Veijo , Hooke Roger Leb.
Published: September 2017

Electrical resistivity measurements were made in a series of closely spaced holes drilled to the base of Storglaciären. Electrodes were lowered to the bottoms of the holes where they made contact with the substrate beneath the glacier. The measurements show that a layer of till, ~0.4–0.7 m thick, is present at the base of the glacier. The low resistivity of the layer indicates that it has a high water content, compared with tills of similar composition in the pro-glacial environment. A marked reduction in resistivity after a heavy rain storm demonstrates that the water content is sensitive to variations in water input at the surface.
The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf: Recent Changes of the Ice Front
Authors: Hattersley-Smith G.
Published: September 2017

Massive calving of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, northern Ellesmere Island, occurred between August 1961 and April 1962. An estimated 596 km.2 of ice shelf with a volume of 18 to 24 km.3 became detached to form ice islands, five of which are very large with areas ranging from 70 to 140 km.2. The fracture pattern and the subsequent drift of these ice islands are discussed.
Near Infrared Spectrometry for Rapid Non-Invasive Modelling of Aspergillus-Contaminated Maturing Kernels of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Falade Titilayo , Sultanbawa Yasmina , Fletcher Mary , Fox Glen
Published: September 2017

Aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus spp. produce carcinogenic metabolites that contaminate maize. Maize kernel absorbance patterns of near infrared (NIR) wavelengths (800–2600 nm) were used to non-invasively identify kernels of milk-, dough- and dent-stage maturities with four doses of Aspergillus sp. contamination. Near infrared spectrometry (NIRS) spectral data was pre-processed using first derivative Savitzky-Golay (1d-SG) transformation and multiplicative scatter correction on spectral data. Contaminated kernels had higher absorbance between 800–1134 nm, while uninoculated samples had higher absorbance above 1400 nm. Dose and maturity clusters seen in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) score plots were due to bond stretches of combination bands, CH and C=O functional groups within grain macromolecules. The regression model at 2198 nm separated uninoculated and inoculated kernels (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.88, root mean square error = 0.15). Non-invasive identification of Aspergillus-contaminated maize kernels using NIR spectrometry was demonstrated in kernels of different maturities.
Host Cell Proteins in Biologics Manufacturing: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Kornecki Martin , Mestmäcker Fabian , Zobel-Roos Steffen , Heikaus de Figueiredo Laura , Schlüter Hartmut , Strube Jochen
Published: September 2017

Significant progress in the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals has been made by increasing the overall titers in the USP (upstream processing) titers without raising the cost of the USP. In addition, the development of platform processes led to a higher process robustness. Despite or even due to those achievements, novel challenges are in sight. The higher upstream titers created more complex impurity profiles, both in mass and composition, demanding higher separation capacities and selectivity in downstream processing (DSP). This creates a major shift of costs from USP to DSP. In order to solve this issue, USP and DSP integration approaches can be developed and used for overall process optimization. This study focuses on the characterization and classification of host cell proteins (HCPs) in each unit operation of the DSP (i.e., aqueous two-phase extraction, integrated countercurrent chromatography). The results create a data-driven feedback to the USP, which will serve for media and process optimizations in order to reduce, or even eliminate nascent critical HCPs. This will improve separation efficiency and may lead to a quantitative process understanding. Different HCP species were classified by stringent criteria with regard to DSP separation parameters into “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly” in terms of pI and MW using 2D-PAGE analysis depending on their positions on the gels. Those spots were identified using LC-MS/MS analysis. HCPs, which are especially difficult to remove and persistent throughout the DSP (i.e., “Bad” or “Ugly”), have to be evaluated by their ability to be separated. In this approach, HCPs, considered “Ugly,” represent proteins with a MW larger than 15 kDa and a pI between 7.30 and 9.30. “Bad” HCPs can likewise be classified using MW (>15 kDa) and pI (4.75–7.30 and 9.30–10.00). HCPs with a MW smaller than 15 kDa and a pI lower than 4.75 and higher than 10.00 are classified as “Good” since their physicochemical properties differ significantly from the product. In order to evaluate this classification scheme, it is of utmost importance to use orthogonal analytical methods such as IEX, HIC, and SEC.
CO2 with Mechanical Subcooling vs. CO2 Cascade Cycles for Medium Temperature Commercial Refrigeration Applications Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: Nebot-Andrés Laura , Llopis Rodrigo , Sánchez Daniel , Catalán-Gil Jesús , Cabello Ramón
Published: September 2017

A recent trend to spread the use of CO2 refrigeration cycles in warm regions of the world is to combine a CO2 cycle with another one using a high performance refrigerant. Two alternatives are being considered: cascade and mechanical subcooling systems. Both respond to a similar configuration of the refrigeration cycle, they being based on the use of two compressors and same number of heat exchangers. However, the compressor, heat exchanger sizes and energy performance differ a lot between them. This work, using experimental relations for CO2 and R1234yf semi-hermetic compressors analyzes in depth both alternatives under the warm climate of Spain. In general, it was concluded that the CO2 refrigeration solution with mechanical subcooling would cover all the conditions with high overall energy efficiency, thus it being recommended for further extension of the CO2 refrigeration applications.
ECOAL Project—Delivering Solutions for Integrated Monitoring of Coal-Related Fires Supported on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology
Authors: Ribeiro Joana , Viveiros Duarte , Ferreira João , Lopez-Gil Alexia , Dominguez-Lopez Alejandro , Martins Hugo , Perez-Herrera Rosa , Lopez-Aldaba Aitor , Duarte Lia , Pinto Ana , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Baierl Hardy , Jamier Raphael , Rougier Sébastien , Auguste Jean-Louis , Teodoro Ana , Gonçalves José , Esteban Oscar , Santos José , Roy Philippe , Lopez-Amo Manuel , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Baptista José , Flores Deolinda
Published: September 2017

The combustion of coal wastes resulting from mining is of particular environmental concern, and the importance of proper management involving real-time assessment of their status and identification of probable evolution scenarios is recognized. Continuous monitoring of the combustion temperature and emission levels of certain gases allows for the possibility of planning corrective actions to minimize their negative impact on the surroundings. Optical fiber technology is well suited to this purpose and here we describe the main attributes and results obtained from a fiber optic sensing system projected to gather data on distributed temperature and gas emissions in these harsh environments.
Identification and Plasma Diagnostics Study of Extreme Ultraviolet Transitions in Highly Charged Yttrium
Authors: Silwal Roshani , Takacs Endre , Dreiling Joan , Gillaspy John , Ralchenko Yuri
Published: September 2017

Extreme ultraviolet spectra of the L-shell ions of highly charged yttrium (Y 26 + –Y 36 + ) were observed in the electron beam ion trap of the National Institute of Standards and Technology using a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range of 4 nm-20 nm. The electron beam energy was systematically varied from 2.3 keV–6.0 keV to selectively produce different ionization stages. Fifty-nine spectral lines corresponding to Δ n = 0 transitions within the n = 2 and n = 3 shells have been identified using detailed collisional-radiative (CR) modeling of the non-Maxwellian plasma. The uncertainties of the wavelength determinations ranged between 0.0004 nm and 0.0020 nm. Li-like resonance lines, 2s– 2 p 1 / 2 and 2s–2 p 3 / 2 , and the Na-like D lines, 3s– 3 p 1 / 2 and 3s– 3 p 3 / 2 , have been measured and compared with previous measurements and calculations. Forbidden magnetic dipole (M1) transitions were identified and analyzed for their potential applicability in plasma diagnostics using large-scale CR calculations including approximately 1.5 million transitions. Several line ratios were found to show strong dependence on electron density and, hence, may be implemented in the diagnostics of hot plasmas, in particular in fusion devices.
Research to Understand Milk Consumption Behaviors in a Food-Insecure Low-Income SNAP Population in the US
Authors: Finnell Karla , John Robert
Published: September 2017

Milk, due to its affordability and nutritional value, can fortify the diets of families that experience food insecurity or find a high-quality diet cost-prohibitive. However, it can also be a leading source of excess calories and saturated fat. Yet, little is known about what influences consumer behavior of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients toward the type of milk used or the prevalence of low-fat milk use among this population. This cross-sectional telephone survey of SNAP recipients (n = 520) documented that 7.5% of this population usually consumes low-fat milk, a prevalence that lags behind national figures (34.4%) for the same time-period. There was a weak association between sociodemographic characteristics of SNAP recipients and low-fat milk use. Instead, less low-fat milk consumption was associated with a knowledge gap and misperceptions of the nutritional properties of the different types of milk. Promoting low-fat milk use by correcting these misperceptions can improve the diet of America’s low-income population and reduce food insecurity by maximizing the nutritional value of the foods consumed.
Quality Assessment of Platelet-Rich Fibrin-Like Matrix Prepared from Whole Blood Samples after Extended Storage
Authors: Kawabata Hideo , Isobe Kazushige , Watanabe Taisuke , Okudera Toshimitsu , Nakamura Masayuki , Suzuki Masashi , Ryu Jietsu , Kitamura Yutaka , Okudera Hajime , Okuda Kazuhiro , Nakata Koh , Kawase Tomoyuki
Published: September 2017

The platelet-rich fibrin–like matrix (PRFM) is usually prepared onsite and immediately used for regenerative therapy. Nonetheless, to meet the clinical necessity of preserving the PRFM without quality deterioration, we developed a method for preparation of PRFMs from short-term-stored whole blood (WB) samples. In this study, to evaluate the practical expiration date of storage, we extended the storage time of WB samples from 2 to 7 days and assessed the quality of the resulting PRFMs. WB samples collected with acid-citrate-dextrose were stored with gentle agitation at ambient temperature. To prepare PRFMs, the stored WB samples were mixed with CaCl2 in glass tubes and centrifuged. Fibrin fiber networks, CD41 and CD62P expression, and Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB) levels were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flow cytometry, and an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), respectively. Long-term storage had no significant effect on either blood cell counts or platelet functions tested. The resulting PRFMs were visually identical to freshly prepared ones. PDGF-BB levels did not markedly decrease in a time-dependent manner. However, fibrin fibers gradually became thinner after storage. Although the coagulation activity may diminish, we propose that PRFMs can be prepared—without evident loss of quality—from WB samples stored for up to 7 days by our previously developed method.
Voltammetric Determination of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Hydrochlorothiazide Using Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with L-Glutamic Acid
Authors: González-Vargas Camilo , Serrano Núria , Ariño Cristina , Salazar Ricardo , Esteban Miquel , Díaz-Cruz José Manuel
Published: September 2017

This work deals with the development of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with L-glutamic acid via two different approaches: electropolymerization (SPCE/PGA) and aryl diazonium electrochemical grafting (SPCE/EGA). SPCE/PGA and SPCE/EGA were analytically compared in the determination of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) by differential pulse voltammetry. Both electrochemical characterization and analytical performance indicate that SPCE/EGA is a much better sensor for HCTZ. The detection and quantification limits were at the level of μmol L−1 with a very good linearity in the studied concentration range. In addition, the proposed SPCE/EGA was successfully applied for the determination of HCTZ in an anti-hypertensive drug with high reproducibility and good trueness.
Second Law Analysis for Couple Stress Fluid Flow through a Porous Medium with Constant Heat Flux
Authors: Adesanya Samuel , Fakoya Michael
Published: September 2017

In the present work, entropy generation in the flow and heat transfer of couple stress fluid through an infinite inclined channel embedded in a saturated porous medium is presented. Due to the channel geometry, the asymmetrical slip conditions are imposed on the channel walls. The upper wall of the channel is subjected to a constant heat flux while the lower wall is insulated. The equations governing the fluid flow are formulated, non-dimensionalized and solved by using the Adomian decomposition method. The Adomian series solutions for the velocity and temperature fields are then used to compute the entropy generation rate and inherent heat irreversibility in the flow domain. The effects of various fluid parameters are presented graphically and discussed extensively.
Attribute Value Weighted Average of One-Dependence Estimators
Authors: Yu Liangjun , Jiang Liangxiao , Wang Dianhong , Zhang Lungan
Published: September 2017

Of numerous proposals to improve the accuracy of naive Bayes by weakening its attribute independence assumption, semi-naive Bayesian classifiers which utilize one-dependence estimators (ODEs) have been shown to be able to approximate the ground-truth attribute dependencies; meanwhile, the probability estimation in ODEs is effective, thus leading to excellent performance. In previous studies, ODEs were exploited directly in a simple way. For example, averaged one-dependence estimators (AODE) weaken the attribute independence assumption by directly averaging all of a constrained class of classifiers. However, all one-dependence estimators in AODE have the same weights and are treated equally. In this study, we propose a new paradigm based on a simple, efficient, and effective attribute value weighting approach, called attribute value weighted average of one-dependence estimators (AVWAODE). AVWAODE assigns discriminative weights to different ODEs by computing the correlation between the different root attribute value and the class. Our approach uses two different attribute value weighting measures: the Kullback–Leibler (KL) measure and the information gain (IG) measure, and thus two different versions are created, which are simply denoted by AVWAODE-KL and AVWAODE-IG, respectively. We experimentally tested them using a collection of 36 University of California at Irvine (UCI) datasets and found that they both achieved better performance than some other state-of-the-art Bayesian classifiers used for comparison.
The Influence of Eroded Blades on Wind Turbine Performance Using Numerical Simulations
Authors: Schramm Matthias , Rahimi Hamid , Stoevesandt Bernhard , Tangager Kim
Published: September 2017

During their operation, wind turbine blades are eroded due to rain and hail, or they are contaminated with insects. Since the relative inflow velocity is higher at the outer than at the inner part of the blades, erosion occurs mostly at the outer blade region. In order to prevent strong erosion, it is possible to install a leading edge protection, which can be applied to the blades after the initial installation, but changes the shape of the initial airfoil sections. It is unclear how this modification influences the aerodynamic performance of the turbine. Hence, it is investigated in this work. The NREL 5 MW turbine is simulated with clean and eroded blades, which are compared to coated blades equipped with leading edge protection. Aerodynamic polars are generated by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics, and load calculations are conducted using the blade element momentum theory. The analysis in this work shows that, compared to clean rotor blades, the worse aerodynamic behaviour of strongly eroded blades can lead to power losses of 9 % . In contrast, coated blades only have a small impact on the turbine power of less than 1 % .
A Hybrid Wind Speed Forecasting System Based on a ‘Decomposition and Ensemble’ Strategy and Fuzzy Time Series
Authors: Yang Hufang , Jiang Zaiping , Lu Haiyan
Published: September 2017

Accurate and stable wind speed forecasting is of critical importance in the wind power industry and has measurable influence on power-system management and the stability of market economics. However, most traditional wind speed forecasting models require a large amount of historical data and face restrictions due to assumptions, such as normality postulates. Additionally, any data volatility leads to increased forecasting instability. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid forecasting system, which combines the ‘decomposition and ensemble’ strategy and fuzzy time series forecasting algorithm, is proposed that comprises two modules—data pre-processing and forecasting. Moreover, the statistical model, artificial neural network, and Support Vector Regression model are employed to compare with the proposed hybrid system, which is proven to be very effective in forecasting wind speed data affected by noise and instability. The results of these comparisons demonstrate that the hybrid forecasting system can improve the forecasting accuracy and stability significantly, and supervised discretization methods outperform the unsupervised methods for fuzzy time series in most cases.
Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Domestic Electric Water Heaters Based on the Temperature State Priority List
Authors: Yin Zhaojing , Che Yanbo , Li Dezhi , Liu Huanan , Yu Dongmin
Published: September 2017

With the rapid growth of thermostatically controlled loads, active power fluctuation and peak demand growth within an autonomous micro-grid become serious problems. This paper tries to suppress power fluctuation and shave peak demand for a micro-grid through optimizing domestic electric water heaters (controllable load). In this paper, domestic electric water heater models are first built to optimize power flow within a single water heater. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo method is proposed to simulate power consumption of a cluster of domestic electric water heaters. After that, the temperature state priority list method is presented to suppress power flow and shave peak demand for a given micro-grid. Optimization results show that the proposed temperature state priority list method can reduce peak demand by 12.5%. However, it has a wider active power fluctuation range and needs a longer reaction time compared with the simplified temperature state priority list method. In addition, the optimization results show that by increasing the number of controllable loads participating in load scheduling, active power fluctuation can be reduced and the maximum active power of the given micro-grid can be cut. However, to achieve this, about 1.2% of extra electrical energy needs to be generated by the external grid.
Super Capacitor Energy Storage Based MMC for Energy Harvesting in Mine Hoist Application
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Wen Piao , Xue Yao , Zheng Trillion , Wang Youyun
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes a super capacitor energy storage-based modular multilevel converter (SCES-MMC) for mine hoist application. Different from the conventional MMCs, the sub-modules employ distributed super capacitor banks, which are designed to absorb the regenerative energy of mine hoist and released in the traction condition, so as to improve energy utilization efficiency. The key control technologies are introduced in detail, followed by analysis of the configuration and operation principles. The feasibility of the proposed SCES-MMC topology and the control theory are also verified. Simulation results show that SCES-MMC can adapt to the variable frequency speed regulation of the motor drive, which shows good application prospects in the future for medium- and high-voltage mine hoist systems.
Modeling and Simulation of Complex Fluid Networks in the Flue Gas System of a Boiler
Authors: Zhang Yue , Men Yuhan , Han Pu
Published: September 2017

Under the conditions of high demand for energy saving and environmental protection, the thermal power unit is required to phase out the traditional extensive operation mode—a method of oxygen-enriched combustion in a furnace, considering safety first. Achieving efficient and economic operation with an optimal proportion of air distribution in these thermal power units is crucial. The high-precision simulation equipment could provide an experimental basis for optimal operation of field units. This paper starts by improving the accuracy of simulation equipment. In this work, the method of dividing nodes and branches in the boiler was based on signal flow graph theory. According to the flow characteristics of the working substance, the method for calculating the node and branch pressure drop was analyzed and set up. Subsequently, a fluid network model of the multi-dimensional flue gas system was constructed. With the help of our self-developed simulation model and data-driven platform, a modular simulation algorithm was designed. The simulation analysis of the boiler showed the accuracy of the model.
Development of a Decision-Making Algorithm for the Optimum Size and Placement of Distributed Generation Units in Distribution Networks
Authors: Vita Vasiliki
Published: September 2017

The paper presents a decision-making algorithm that has been developed for the optimum size and placement of distributed generation (DG) units in distribution networks. The algorithm that is very flexible to changes and modifications can define the optimal location for a DG unit (of any type) and can estimate the optimum DG size to be installed, based on the improvement of voltage profiles and the reduction of the network’s total real and reactive power losses. The proposed algorithm has been tested on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. The obtained results are compared with those of earlier studies, proving that the decision-making algorithm is working well with an acceptable accuracy. The algorithm can assist engineers, electric utilities, and distribution network operators with more efficient integration of new DG units in the current distribution networks.
The Economic Feasibility of Residential Energy Storage Combined with PV Panels: The Role of Subsidies in Italy
Authors: Cucchiella Federica , D’Adamo Idiano , Gastaldi Massimo
Published: September 2017

A solar photovoltaic system produces electricity by converting energy from the sun. By the end of 2016, the global installed solar photovoltaic capacity reached 305 GW. Its growth is impressive in the last years; in fact, it was only equal to 41 GW in 2010. However, Europe has installed only 6.9 GW in 2016 (−1.7 GW in comparison to previous year) and this annual power installed is equal to 9% of global one in according to data released by Solar Power Europe. The profitability of PV systems in mature markets depends on the harmonization between demanded energy and produced one residential energy storage when combined with photovoltaic panels is able to increase the share of self-consumption. This work proposes a mathematical model, in which a Discounted Cash Flow analysis is conducted to evaluate the financial feasibility of photovoltaic-integrated lead acid battery systems in Italy. The indicator used is Net Present Value. Furthermore, a break-even point analysis, in terms of an increase of self-consumption, is conducted. The residential sector is investigated and energy storage system investment is incentivized by fiscal deduction and regional subsidies. The analysis provides several case studies, determined by combinations of the following variables: photovoltaic plant size, battery capacity, the increase of the share of self-consumption, and the useful lifetime of energy storage system. The same case studies are proposed also in four alternative scenarios, where is the modified the structure of subsidies. Results confirm that the profitability can be reached in presence of subsidies.
Electricity Interconnection in Chile: Prices versus Costs
Authors: Bustos-Salvagno Javier , H. Fernando Fuentes
Published: September 2017

Having a well-adapted transmission network is key for reaching a sustainable energy system, where generators and consumers participate in an efficient market. The purpose of the present research is to estimate the impact on the final prices of the interconnection of the two largest electrical systems in Chile. To this end, an econometric model is used in which prices, among other variables, are explained by the level of marginal costs in the system (opportunity cost), the degree of concentration in the market (market power), and the variability of marginal costs projected by the agents (risk). The data corresponds to bilateral contracts between generators and major clients, from 2006 to 2014. The basic results indicate that the interconnection would benefit final customers by reducing equilibrium contract prices, as a result of the decreased variability of expected marginal costs and a lower concentration of existing generating companies. This study’s main contribution is to focus on the benefits of electricity interconnection under conditions of competition and risk, instead of using the simple estimation of direct costs, as has traditionally been done.
Application of Dynamic Non-Linear Programming Technique to Non-Convex Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem
Authors: Hoseynpour Omid , Mohammadi-ivatloo Behnam , Nazari-Heris Morteza , Asadi Somayeh
Published: September 2017

Short-term hydro-thermal scheduling aims to obtain optimal generation scheduling of hydro and thermal units for a one-day or a one-week scheduling time horizon. The main goal of the problem is to minimize total operational cost considering a series of equality and inequality constraints. The problem is considered as a non-linear and complex problem involving the valve-point loading effect of conventional thermal units, the water transport delay between connected reservoirs, and transmission loss with a set of equality and inequality constraints such as power balance, water dynamic balance, water discharge, initial and end reservoir storage volume, reservoir volume limits and the operation limits of hydro and thermal plants. A solution methodology to the short-term hydro-thermal scheduling problem with continuous and non-smooth/non-convex cost function is introduced in this research applying dynamic non-linear programming. In this study, the proposed approach is applied to two test systems with different characteristics. The simulation results obtained in this paper are compared with those reported in recent research studies, which show the effectiveness of the presented technique in terms of total operational cost. In addition, the obtained results ensure the capability of the proposed optimization procedure for solving short-term hydro-thermal scheduling problem with transmission losses and valve-point effects.
Control Strategies for Improving Energy Efficiency and Reliability in Autonomous Microgrids with Communication Constraints
Authors: Portelinha Júnior Francisco , Carlos Zambroni de Souza Antonio , Castilla Miguel , Queiroz Oliveira Denisson , Ribeiro Paulo
Published: September 2017

Microgrids are a feasible path to deploy smart grids, an intelligent and highly automated power system. Their operation demands a dedicated communication infrastructure to manage, control and monitor the intermittent sources of energy and loads. Therefore, smart devices will be connected to support the growth of grid smartness increasing the dependency on communication networks, which consumes a high amount of power. In an energy-limited scenario, one of the main issues is to enhance the power supply time. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid methodology for microgrid energy management, integrated with a communication infrastructure to improve and to optimize islanded microgrid operation at maximum energy efficiency. The hybrid methodology applies some control management rules, such as intentional load shedding, priority load management, and communication energy saving. These energy saving rules establish a trade-off between increasing microgrid energy availability and communication system reliability. To achieve a compromised solution, a continuous time Markov chain model describes the impact of energy saving policies into system reliability. The proposed methodology is simulated and tested with the help of the modified IEEE 34 node test-system.
Optimal Analytical Solution for a Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System with One Transmitter and Two Receivers
Authors: Minnaert Ben , Stevens Nobby
Published: September 2017

Wireless power transfer from one transmitter to multiple receivers through inductive coupling is slowly entering the market. However, for certain applications, capacitive wireless power transfer (CWPT) using electric coupling might be preferable. In this work, we determine closed-form expressions for a CWPT system with one transmitter and two receivers. We determine the optimal solution for two design requirements: (i) maximum power transfer, and (ii) maximum system efficiency. We derive the optimal loads and provide the analytical expressions for the efficiency and power. We show that the optimal load conductances for the maximum power configuration are always larger than for the maximum efficiency configuration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that if the receivers are coupled, this can be compensated for by introducing susceptances that have the same value for both configurations. Finally, we numerically verify our results. We illustrate the similarities to the inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) solution and find that the same, but dual, expressions apply.
Assessment of the Anticipated Environmental Footprint of Future Nuclear Energy Systems. Evidence of the Beneficial Effect of Extensive Recycling
Authors: Serp Jérôme , Poinssot Christophe , Bourg Stéphane
Published: September 2017

In this early 21st century, our societies have to face a tremendous and increasing energy need while mitigating the global climate change and preserving the environment. Addressing this challenge requires an energy transition from the current fossil energy-based system to a carbon-free energy production system, based on a relevant energy mix combining renewables and nuclear energy. However, such an energy transition will only occur if it is accepted by the population. Powerful and reliable tools, such as life cycle assessments (LCA), aiming at assessing the respective merits of the different energy mix for most of the environmental impact indicators are therefore mandatory for supporting a risk-informed decision-process at the societal level. Before studying the deployment of a given energy mix, a prerequisite is to perform LCAs on each of the components of the mix. This paper addresses two potential nuclear energy components: a nuclear fuel cycle based on the Generation III European Pressurized Reactors (EPR) and a nuclear fuel cycle based on the Generation IV Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR). The basis of this study relies on the previous work done on the current French nuclear fuel cycle using the bespoke NELCAS tool specifically developed for studying nuclear fuel cycle environmental impacts. Our study highlights that the EPR already brings a limited improvement to the current fuel cycle thanks to a higher efficiency of the energy transformation and a higher burn-up of the nuclear fuel (−20% on most of the chosen indicators) whereas the introduction of the GEN IV fast reactors will bring a significant breakthrough by suppressing the current front-end of the fuel cycle thanks to the use of depleted uranium instead of natural enriched uranium (this leads to a decrease of the impact from 17% on water consumption and withdrawal and up to 96% on SOx emissions). The specific case of the radioactive waste is also studied, showing that only the partitioning and transmutation of the americium in the blanket fuel of the SFR can reduce the footprint of the geological disposal (saving up to a factor of 7 on the total repository volume). Having now at disposition five models (open fuel cycle, current French twice through fuel cycle, EPR twice through fuel cycle, multi-recycling SFR fuel cycle and at a longer term, multi-recycling SFR fuel cycle including americium transmutation), it is possible to model the environmental impact of any fuel cycle combining these technologies. In the next step, these models will be combined with those of other carbon-free energies (wind, solar, biomass…) in order to estimate the environmental impact of future energy mixes and also to analyze the impact on the way these scenarios are deployed (transition pathways).
So Close Yet So Far Apart: Contrasting Climate Change Perceptions in Two “Neighboring” Coastal Communities on Aotearoa New Zealand’s Coromandel Peninsula
Authors: Schneider Paul , Glavovic Bruce , Farrelly Trisia
Published: September 2017

Coastal hazard risk, compounded by climate change, is escalating. Efforts to address this challenge are fraught and ‘success’ is elusive. We focus on this impasse and recommend ways to improve understanding, reduce risk and enable adaptation. Two Aotearoa New Zealand coastal communities, Mercury Bay and Kennedy Bay, on the Coromandel Peninsula, serve as case studies. Ethnographic fieldwork underpins this analysis. Despite close proximity, local perceptions are ‘worlds apart’. Poor understanding of climate change, and preoccupation with everyday issues, is commonplace. Moreover, there are countervailing community narratives. In Kennedy Bay, which is undeveloped and Māori, climate change is not a manifest concern. Local narratives are rooted in Māori culture and under the shadow of colonization, which shapes contemporary perceptions, practices and prospects. In Mercury Bay, a rapidly developing resort town, seashore property owners demand protection works—ignoring sea-level rise and privileging short-term private interests. Despite laudable regulatory provisions, static responses to dynamic risks prevail and proactive adaptation is absent. Recommendations are made to improve understanding about local cultural-social-ecological characteristics, climate change and adaption. Enabling leadership and capability-building are needed to institutionalize proactive adaptation. Strengthening Māori self-determination (rangatiratanga) and guardianship (kaitiakitanga), and local democracy, are key to mobilizing and sustaining community-based adaptation governance.