bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clonal Relatedness among Imipenem-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaIsolated from ICU-Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Vaez Hamid , Moghim Sharareh , Nasr Esfahani Bahram , Ghasemian Safaei Hajieh
Published: December 2015

Imipenem-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) has become an increasingly important problem in healthcare settings worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clonal spread among imipenem-resistantP. aeruginosaisolated from ICU-hospitalized patients. Totally, 150 wound specimens were analyzed. Antibiotic resistance profiles and clonal diversity were evaluated using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA- (RAPD-) PCR, respectively. The isolates showed a high frequency of antibiotic resistance against meropenem, and imipenem (100%) followed by ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime (90%); meanwhile resistance to polymyxin B was not observed. Eighteen (40%) ofP. aeruginosaisolates were MBL-positive via ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined disk test. Our findings showed high genetic diversity, with 37 different RAPD types detected. RAPD typing results showed cross-acquisition ofP. aeruginosain investigated hospital, suggesting failure in infection control practices. Incidence of MBL-positive isolates is high and should be regarded as a threat to hospitalized patients.
Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal/TGF‐β and BMP Signaling Pathways by SB431542 and Dorsomorphin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Madhu Vedavathi , Dighe Abhijit S. , Cui Quanjun , Deal D. Nicole
Published: December 2015

Damage to the nervous system can cause devastating diseases or musculoskeletal dysfunctions and transplantation of progenitor stem cells can be an excellent treatment option in this regard. Preclinical studies demonstrate that untreated stem cells, unlike stem cells activated to differentiate into neuronal lineage, do not survive in the neuronal tissues. Conventional methods of inducing neuronal differentiation of stem cells are complex and expensive. We therefore sought to determine if a simple, one‐step, and cost effective method, previously reported to induce neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced‐pluripotent stem cells, can be applied to adult stem cells. Indeed, dual inhibition of activin/nodal/TGF‐β and BMP pathways using SB431542 and dorsomorphin, respectively, induced neuronal differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) as evidenced by formation of neurite extensions, protein expression of neuron‐specific gamma enolase, and mRNA expression of neuron‐specific transcription factors Sox1 and Pax6 and matured neuronal marker NF200. This process correlated with enhanced phosphorylation of p38, Erk1/2, PI3K, and Akt1/3. Additionally, in vitro subcutaneous implants of SB431542 and dorsomorphin treated hADSCs displayed significantly higher expression of active‐axonal‐growth‐specific marker GAP43. Our data offers novel insights into cell‐based therapies for the nervous system repair.
An Innovative Australian Outreach Model of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Remote Communities
Authors: Glasson Nicola M. , Crossland Lisa J. , Larkins Sarah L.
Published: December 2015

Background. Up to 98% of visual loss secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR) can be prevented with early detection and treatment. Despite this, less than 50% of Australian and American diabetics receive appropriate screening. Diabetic patients living in rural and remote communities are further disadvantaged by limited access to ophthalmology services.Research Design and Methods. DR screening using a nonmydriatic fundal camera was performed as part of a multidisciplinary diabetes service already visiting remote communities. Images were onforwarded to a distant general practitioner who identified and graded retinopathy, with screen-positive patients referred to ophthalmology. This retrospective, descriptive study aims to compare the proportion of remote diabetic patients receiving appropriate DR screening prior to and following implementation of the service.Results. Of the 141 patients in 11 communities who underwent DR screening, 16.3% had received appropriate DR screening prior to the implementation of the service. In addition, 36.2% of patients had never been screened. Following the introduction of the service, 66.3% of patients underwent appropriate DR screening (p=0.00025).Conclusion. This innovative model has greatly improved accessibility to DR screening in remote communities, thereby reducing preventable blindness. It provides a holistic, locally appropriate diabetes service and utilises existing infrastructure and health workforce more efficiently.
Optimized Stem Cell Detection Using the DyeCycle‐Triggered Side Population Phenotype
Authors: Boesch Maximilian , Wolf Dominik , Sopper Sieghart
Published: December 2015

Tissue and cancer stem cells are highly attractive target populations for regenerative medicine and novel potentially curative anticancer therapeutics. In order to get a better understanding of stem cell biology and function, it is essential to reproducibly identify these stem cells from biological samples for subsequent characterization or isolation. ABC drug transporter expression is a hallmark of stem cells. This is utilized to identify (cancer) stem cells by exploiting their dye extrusion properties, which is referred to as the “side population assay.” Initially described for high‐end flow cytometers equipped with ultraviolet lasers, this technique is now also amenable for a broader scientific community, owing to the increasing availability of violet laser‐furnished cytometers and the advent of DyeCycle Violet (DCV). Here, we describe important technical aspects of the DCV‐based side population assay and discuss potential pitfalls and caveats helping scientists to establish a valid and reproducible DCV‐based side population assay. In addition, we investigate the suitability of blue laser‐excitable DyeCycle dyes for side population detection. This knowledge will help to improve and standardize detection and isolation of stem cells based on their expression of ABC drug transporters.
Is Liver Enzyme Release Really Associated with Cell Necrosis Induced by Oxidant Stress?
Authors: Contreras-Zentella Martha Lucinda , Hernández-Muñoz Rolando
Published: December 2015

Hepatic diseases are a major concern worldwide. Increased specific plasma enzyme activities are considered diagnostic features for liver diseases, since enzymes are released into the blood compartment following the deterioration of the organ. Release of liver mitochondrial enzymes is considered strong evidence for hepatic necrosis, which is associated with an increased production of ROS, often leading to greater hepatic lipid peroxidation. Lipotoxic mediators and intracellular signals activated Kupffer cells, which provides evidence strongly suggesting the participation of oxidant stress in acute liver damage, inducing the progression of liver injury to chronic liver damage. Elevated transaminase activities are considered as an index marker of hepatotoxicity, linked to oxidant stress. However, a drastic increase of serum activities of liver enzyme markers ought not necessarily to reflect liver cell death. In fact, increased serum levels of cytoplasmic enzymes have readily been observed after partial hepatectomy (PH) in the regenerating liver of rats. In this regard, we are now showing that in vitro modifications of the oxidant status affect differentially the release of liver enzymes, indicating that this release is a strictly controlled event and not directly related to the onset of oxidant stress of the liver.
Calibration of Short Range 2D Laser Range Finder for 3D SLAM Usage
Authors: Olivka Petr , Krumnikl Michal , Moravec Pavel , Seidl David
Published: December 2015

The laser range finder is one of the most essential sensors in the field of robotics. The laser range finder provides an accurate range measurement with high angular resolution. However, the short range scanners require an additional calibration to achieve the abovementioned accuracy. The calibration procedure described in this work provides an estimation of the internal parameters of the laser range finder without requiring any special three-dimensional targets. This work presents the use of a short range URG-04LX scanner for mapping purposes and describes its calibration. The precision of the calibration was checked in an environment with known ground truth values and the results were statistically evaluated. The benefits of the calibration are also demonstrated in the practical applications involving the segmentation of the environment. The proposed calibration method is complex and detects all major manufacturing inaccuracies. The procedure is suitable for easy integration into the current manufacturing process.
The Interplay of Reactive Oxygen Species, Hypoxia, Inflammation, and Sirtuins in Cancer Initiation and Progression
Authors: Tafani Marco , Sansone Luigi , Limana Federica , Arcangeli Tania , De Santis Elena , Polese Milena , Fini Massimo , Russo Matteo A.
Published: December 2015

The presence of ROS is a constant feature in living cells metabolizing O2. ROS concentration and compartmentation determine their physiological or pathological effects. ROS overproduction is a feature of cancer cells and plays several roles during the natural history of malignant tumor. ROS continuously contribute to each step of cancerogenesis, from the initiation to the malignant progression, acting directly or indirectly. In this review, we will (a) underline the role of ROS in the pathway leading a normal cell to tumor transformation and progression, (b) define the multiple roles of ROS during the natural history of a tumor, (c) conciliate many conflicting data about harmful or beneficial effects of ROS, (d) rethink the importance of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations in relation to the malignant progression, and (e) collocate all the cancer hallmarks in a mechanistic sequence which could represent a “physiological” response to the initial growth of a transformed stem/pluripotent cell, defining also the role of ROS in each hallmark. We will provide a simplified sketch about the relationships between ROS and cancer. The attention will be focused on the contribution of ROS to the signaling of HIF, NFκB, and Sirtuins as a leitmotif of cancer initiation and progression.
Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms That Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function
Authors: Kosan Christian , Godmann Maren
Published: December 2015

All hematopoiesis cells develop from multipotent progenitor cells. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have the ability to develop into all blood lineages but also maintain their stemness. Different molecular mechanisms have been identified that are crucial for regulating quiescence and self‐renewal to maintain the stem cell pool and for inducing proliferation and lineage differentiation. The stem cell niche provides the microenvironment to keep HSC in a quiescent state. Furthermore, several transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers are involved in this process. These create modifications that regulate the cell fate in a more or less reversible and dynamic way and contribute to HSC homeostasis. In addition, HSC respond in a unique way to DNA damage. These mechanisms also contribute to the regulation of HSC function and are essential to ensure viability after DNA damage. How HSC maintain their quiescent stage during the entire life is still matter of ongoing research. Here we will focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate HSC function.
Renal Protection by Genetic Deletion of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR2 in Diabetic OVE Mice
Authors: Zheng Shirong , Coventry Susan , Cai Lu , Powell David W. , Jala Venkatakrishna R. , Haribabu Bodduluri , Epstein Paul N.
Published: December 2015

In diabetic nephropathy (DN) proinflammatory chemokines and leukocyte infiltration correlate with tubulointerstitial injury and declining renal function. The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 is a chemokine scavenger receptor which binds and sequesters many inflammatory CC chemokines but does not transduce typical G-protein mediated signaling events. ACKR2 is known to regulate diverse inflammatory diseases but its role in DN has not been tested. In this study, we utilized ACKR2−/−mice to test whether ACKR2 elimination alters progression of diabetic kidney disease. Elimination of ACKR2 greatly reduced DN in OVE26 mice, an established DN model. Albuminuria was significantly lower at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. ACKR2 deletion did not affect diabetic blood glucose levels but significantly decreased parameters of renal inflammation including leukocyte infiltration and fibrosis. Activation of pathways that increase inflammatory gene expression was attenuated. Human biopsies stained with ACKR2 antibody revealed increased staining in diabetic kidney, especially in some tubule and interstitial cells. The results demonstrate a significant interaction between diabetes and ACKR2 protein in the kidney. Unexpectedly, ACKR2 deletion reduced renal inflammation in diabetes and the ultimate response was a high degree of protection from diabetic nephropathy.
Bone Anabolic Effects of Soluble Si: In Vitro Studies with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and CD14+ Osteoclast Precursors
Authors: Costa-Rodrigues J. , Reis S. , Castro A. , Fernandes M. H.
Published: December 2015

Silicon (Si) is indispensable for many cellular processes including bone tissue metabolism. In this work, the effects of Si on human osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were characterized. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and CD14+ stem cells, as osteoblast and osteoclast precursors, were treated with a wide range of Si concentrations, covering the physiological plasma levels. Si promoted a dose‐dependent increase in hMSC proliferation, differentiation, and function, at levels similar to the normal basal plasma levels. Additionally, a decrease in the expression of the osteoclastogenic activators M‐CSF and RANKL was observed. Also, Si elicited a decrease in osteoclastogenesis, which became significant at higher concentrations, as those observed after meals. Among the intracellular mechanisms studied, an upregulation of MEK and PKC signalling pathways was observed in both cell types. In conclusion, Si appears to have a direct positive effect on human osteogenesis, at basal plasma levels. On the other hand, it also seemed to be an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, but at higher concentrations, though yet in the physiological range. Further, an indirect effect of Si on osteoclastogenesis may also occur, through a downregulation of M‐CSF and RANKL expression by osteoblasts. Thus, Si may be an important player in bone anabolic regenerative approaches.
Pathological Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Stem Cells: Current Evidence and New Perspectives
Authors: Marketou Maria E. , Parthenakis Fragiskos , Vardas Panos E.
Published: December 2015

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. It is the result of complex mechanisms that include not only an increase in protein synthesis and cell size but also proliferating cardiac progenitor cells and the influx of bone marrow‐derived cells developing into cardiomyocytes. Stem and progenitor cells are known to contribute to the renewal of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes in case of myocardial injury or pressure and volume overload. They are activated in LVH and play a regulatory role in myocardial repair. They have high proliferative potential and secrete numerous cytokines, growth factors, and microRNAs that play important roles in cell differentiation, cardiac remodeling, and neovascularization. They are mobilized in response to either mechanical or chemical stimuli, hormones, or pharmacologic agents. Another important source of progenitor cells is the epicardial layer. It appears that precursor cells migrate from the epicardium to the myocardium in order to interact with myocardial cells. In addition, migratory cells participate in the formation of almost all cardiac structures in myocardial hypertrophy. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms are still obscure and further studies are required, their properties may open the door to regenerative cell therapy for the prevention of adverse remodeling.
Modeling, Design, and Fabrication of Self-Doping Si1−xGex/Si Multiquantum Well Material for Infrared Sensing
Authors: Jiang Bo , Gu Dandan , Zhang Yulong , Su Yan , He Yong , Dong Tao
Published: December 2015

The paper presents the study of band distributions and thermoelectric properties of self-doping Si1−xGex/Si multiquantum well material for infrared detection. The simulations of different structures (including boron doping, germanium concentrations, and SiGe layer thickness) have been conducted. The critical thickness of SiGe layer grown on silicon substrate has also been illustrated in the paper. The self-doping Si1−xGex/Si multiquantum well material was epitaxially grown on SOI substrate with reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition. Each layer of the material is clear in the SEM. TheI-Vcharacterizations and temperature resistance coefficient (TCR) tests were also performed to show the thermoelectric properties. The TCR was about −3.7%/K at room temperature in the experiments, which is competitive with the other thermistor materials. The material is a low noise material, whose root mean square noise is 1.89 mV in the experiments.
Spontaneous Physical Activity Downregulates Pax7 in Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Coletti Dario , Aulino Paola , Pigna Eva , Barteri Fabio , Moresi Viviana , Annibali Daniela , Adamo Sergio , Berardi Emanuele
Published: December 2015

Emerging evidence suggests that the muscle microenvironment plays a prominent role in cancer cachexia. We recently showed that NF‐kB‐induced Pax7 overexpression impairs the myogenic potential of muscle precursors in cachectic mice, suggesting that lowering Pax7 expression may be beneficial in cancer cachexia. We evaluated the muscle regenerative potential after acute injury in C26 colon carcinoma tumor‐bearing mice and healthy controls. Our analyses confirmed that the delayed muscle regeneration observed in muscles form tumor‐bearing mice was associated with a persistent local inflammation and Pax7 overexpression. Physical activity is known to exert positive effects on cachectic muscles. However, the mechanism by which a moderate voluntary exercise ameliorates muscle wasting is not fully elucidated. To verify if physical activity affects Pax7 expression, we hosted control and C26‐bearing mice in wheel‐equipped cages and we found that voluntary wheel running downregulated Pax7 expression in muscles from tumor‐bearing mice. As expected, downregulation of Pax7 expression was associated with a rescue of muscle mass and fiber size. Our findings shed light on the molecular basis of the beneficial effect exerted by a moderate physical exercise on muscle stem cells in cancer cachexia. Furthermore, we propose voluntary exercise as a physiological tool to counteract the overexpression of Pax7 observed in cancer cachexia.
Antioxidation Effect of Simvastatin in Aorta and Hippocampus: A Rabbit Model Fed High‐Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Zhang Guangyin , Li Ming , Xu Yinzhi , Peng Li , Yang Cui , Zhou Yanan , Zhang Junping
Published: December 2015

We show that hypercholesterolemia contributes to oxidative stress injury progression in brain and simvastatin counteracts the cholesterol‐induced peroxidation injury in rabbit hippocampus, and we demonstrate for the first time that the simvastatin is a critical role in brain protection and identify HO‐1 and other related antioxidant enzymes as molecular target for active redox compounds. Second, our experiments have pointed out an association between statin treatment and a decrease in the risk of having peroxidation damage of brain. The balance effects of simvastatin to ROS and antioxidants enzymes network are most probably due to improved SOD functional activity, increase in GSH‐Px, increase in HO‐1 expression, and decrease of MDA generation.
Peripheral Blood Monocytes as Adult Stem Cells: Molecular Characterization and Improvements in Culture Conditions to Enhance Stem Cell Features and Proliferative Potential
Authors: Ungefroren Hendrik , Hyder Ayman , Schulze Maren , Fawzy El-Sayed Karim M. , Grage-Griebenow Evelin , Nussler Andreas K. , Fändrich Fred
Published: December 2015

Adult stem or programmable cells hold great promise in diseases in which damaged or nonfunctional cells need to be replaced. We have recently demonstrated that peripheral blood monocytes can be differentiated in vitro into cells resembling specialized cell types like hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. During phenotypic conversion, the monocytes downregulate monocyte/macrophage differentiation markers, being indicative of partial dedifferentiation, and are partially reprogrammed to acquire a state of plasticity along with expression of various markers of pluripotency and resumption of mitosis. Upregulation of stem cell markers and mitotic activity in the cultures was shown to be controlled by autocrine production/secretion of activin A and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β). These reprogrammed monocyte derivatives were termed “programmable cells of monocytic origin” (PCMO). Current efforts focus on establishing culture conditions that increase both the plasticity and proliferation potential of PCMO in order to be able to generate large amounts of blood‐derived cells suitable for both autologous and allogeneic therapies.
Association of Urinary Phthalates with Self-Reported Eye Affliction/Retinopathy in Individuals with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2010
Authors: Mamtani Manju , Curran Joanne E. , Blangero John , Kulkarni Hemant
Published: December 2015

Background. An epidemiological association between exposure to phthalates and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known. However, the potential role of environmental phthalates in the complications of T2D is unknown.Methods. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2010, we studied the association of 12 urinary phthalate metabolites with self-reported eye affliction/retinopathy in 1,004 participants with diabetes. Data from retinal imaging was used to validate this outcome. Independence of the phthalates→T2D association was studied by adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, educational attainment, poverty income ratio, physical activity, glycated hemoglobin levels, total serum cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, total calorie intake, and obesity.Results. Self-reported eye affliction/retinopathy had 82% accuracy with Cohen’s kappa of 0.31 (p<0.001). Urinary mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP) was independently associated with the likelihood of self-reported eye affliction/retinopathy in subjects with T2D after accounting for all the confounders. This significance of this association was robust to the potential misclassification in cases and controls of retinopathy. Further, a significant dose-response relationship between MOP and self-reported eye affliction/retinopathy was demonstrable.Conclusions. We show a novel epidemiological link between the environment and diabetic complications in NHANES 2001–2010 participants.
Advances in Liver Regeneration: Revisiting Hepatic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Their Origin
Authors: Sadri Ali-Reza , Jeschke Marc G. , Amini-Nik Saeid
Published: December 2015

The liver has evolved to become a highly plastic organ with extraordinary regenerative capabilities. What drives liver regeneration is still being debated. Adult liver stem/progenitor cells have been characterized and used to produce functional hepatocytes and biliary cells in vitro. However, in vivo, numerous studies have questioned whether hepatic progenitor cells have a significant role in liver regeneration. Mature hepatocytes have recently been shown to be more plastic than previously believed and give rise to new hepatocytes after acute and chronic injury. In this review, we discuss current knowledge in the field of liver regeneration and the importance of the serotonin pathway as a clinical target for patients with liver dysfunction.
A Systems Biology Overview on Human Diabetic Nephropathy: From Genetic Susceptibility to Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications
Authors: Conserva Francesca , Gesualdo Loreto , Papale Massimo
Published: December 2015

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a microvascular complication occurring in approximately 20–40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is characterized by the progressive impairment of glomerular filtration and the development of Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions leading to end-stage renal failure (ESRD). The causes and molecular mechanisms mediating the onset of T2DM chronic complications are yet sketchy and it is not clear why disease progression occurs only in some patients. We performed a systematic analysis of the most relevant studies investigating genetic susceptibility and specific transcriptomic, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic patterns in order to summarize the most significant traits associated with the disease onset and progression. The picture that emerges is complex and fascinating as it includes the regulation/dysregulation of numerous biological processes, converging toward the activation of inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, remodeling of cellular function and morphology, and disturbance of metabolic pathways. The growing interest in the characterization of protein post-translational modifications and the importance of handling large datasets using a systems biology approach are also discussed.
An Automated Sensing System for Steel Bridge Inspection Using GMR Sensor Array and Magnetic Wheels of Climbing Robot
Authors: Wang Rui , Kawamura Youhei
Published: December 2015

Corrosion is one of the main causes of deterioration of steel bridges. It may cause metal loss and fatigue cracks in the steel components, which would lead to the collapse of steel bridges. This paper presents an automated sensing system to detect corrosion, crack, and other kinds of defects using a GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance) sensor array. Defects will change the relative permeability and electrical conductivity of the material. As a result, magnetic field density generated by ferromagnetic material and the magnetic wheels will be changed. The defects are able to be detected by using GMR sensor array to measure the changes of magnetic flux density. In this study, magnetic wheels are used not only as the adhesion device of the robot, but also as an excitation source to provide the exciting magnetic field for the sensing system. Furthermore, compared to the eddy current method and the MFL (magnetic flux leakage) method, this sensing system suppresses the noise from lift-off value fluctuation by measuring the vertical component of induced magnetic field that is perpendicular to the surface of the specimen in the corrosion inspection. Simulations and experimental results validated the feasibility of the system for the automated defect inspection.
Integration of Signaling Pathways with the Epigenetic Machinery in the Maintenance of Stem Cells
Authors: Fagnocchi Luca , Mazzoleni Stefania , Zippo Alessio
Published: December 2015

Stem cells balance their self‐renewal and differentiation potential by integrating environmental signals with the transcriptional regulatory network. The maintenance of cell identity and/or cell lineage commitment relies on the interplay of multiple factors including signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the epigenetic machinery. These regulatory modules are strongly interconnected and they influence the pattern of gene expression of stem cells, thus guiding their cellular fate. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent an invaluable tool to study this interplay, being able to indefinitely self‐renew and to differentiate towards all three embryonic germ layers in response to developmental cues. In this review, we highlight those mechanisms of signaling to chromatin, which regulate chromatin modifying enzymes, histone modifications, and nucleosome occupancy. In addition, we report the molecular mechanisms through which signaling pathways affect both the epigenetic and the transcriptional state of ESCs, thereby influencing their cell identity. We propose that the dynamic nature of oscillating signaling and the different regulatory network topologies through which those signals are encoded determine specific gene expression programs, leading to the fluctuation of ESCs among multiple pluripotent states or to the establishment of the necessary conditions to exit pluripotency.
Regenerative Applications Using Tooth Derived Stem Cells in Other Than Tooth Regeneration: A Literature Review
Authors: Park Yun-Jong , Cha Seunghee , Park Young-Seok
Published: December 2015

Tooth derived stem cells or dental stem cells are categorized according to the location from which they are isolated and represent a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine. Originally, as one kind of mesenchymal stem cells, they are considered an alternative of bone marrow stromal cells. They share many commonalties but maintain differences. Considering their original function in development and the homeostasis of tooth structures, many applications of these cells in dentistry have aimed at tooth structure regeneration; however, the application in other than tooth structures has been attempted extensively. The availability from discarded or removed teeth can be an innate benefit as a source of autologous cells. Their origin from the neural crest results in exploitation of neurological and numerous other applications. This review briefly highlights current and future perspectives of the regenerative applications of tooth derived stem cells in areas beyond tooth regeneration.
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers of SOD1 Knockout Mice
Authors: Nagahisa Hiroshi , Okabe Kazuma , Iuchi Yoshihito , Fujii Junichi , Miyata Hirofumi
Published: December 2015

Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) knockout (KO) mice are known as an aging model in some aspects, but the damage and regeneration process of each fiber type have not been sufficiently studied. In this study, we investigated the damage and satellite cell state of the gastrocnemius muscle in SOD1 KO mice (6 months old) using immunohistochemical staining and real‐time RT‐PCR. The proportion of central nuclei‐containing Type IIx/b fibers in the deep and superficial portions of the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly higher in SOD1 KO than control mice. The number of satellite cells per muscle fiber decreased in all muscle fiber types in the deep portion of the gastrocnemius muscle in SOD1 KO mice. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of Pax7 and myogenin, which are expressed in satellite cells in the activation, proliferation, and differentiation states, significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of SOD1 KO mice. Furthermore, mRNA of myosin heavy chain‐embryonic, which is expressed in the early phase of muscle regeneration, significantly increased in SOD1 KO mice. It was suggested that muscle is damaged by reactive oxygen species produced in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in Type IIxb fibers, accelerating the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells through growth factors in SOD1 KO mice.
Pluripotent Stem Cells: Current Understanding and Future Directions
Authors: Romito Antonio , Cobellis Gilda
Published: December 2015

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to undergo self‐renewal and to give rise to all cells of the tissues of the body. However, this definition has been recently complicated by the existence of distinct cellular states that display these features. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the family of pluripotent cell lines derived from early mouse and human embryos and compare them with induced pluripotent stem cells. Shared and distinct features of these cells are reported as additional hallmark of pluripotency, offering a comprehensive scenario of pluripotent stem cells.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Promotes Delayed Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Chen Qing-Ying , Wang Guo-Guang , Li Wei , Jiang Yu-Xin , Lu Xiao-Hua , Zhou Ping-Ping
Published: December 2015

Diabetic ulcers are one of the most serious and costly chronic complications for diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress may play an important role in diabetes and its complications. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of heme oxygenase-1 on wound closure in diabetic rats. Diabetic wound model was prepared by making an incision with full thickness in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Wounds from diabetic rats were treated with 10% hemin ointment for 21 days. Increase of HO-1 protein expression enhanced anti-inflammation and antioxidant in diabetic rats. Furthermore, HO-1 increased the levels of VEGF and ICAM-1 and expressions of CBS and CSE protein. In summary, HO-1 promoted the wound closure by augmenting anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and angiogenesis in diabetic rats.
Intermittent Hypoxia‐Induced Carotid Body Chemosensory Potentiation and Hypertension Are Critically Dependent on Peroxynitrite Formation
Authors: Moya Esteban A. , Arias Paulina , Varela Carlos , Oyarce María P. , Del Rio Rodrigo , Iturriaga Rodrigo
Published: December 2015

Oxidative stress is involved in the development of carotid body (CB) chemosensory potentiation and systemic hypertension induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the main feature of obstructive sleep apnea. We tested whether peroxynitrite (ONOO−), a highly reactive nitrogen species, is involved in the enhanced CB oxygen chemosensitivity and the hypertension during CIH. Accordingly, we studied effects of Ebselen, an ONOO− scavenger, on 3‐nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity (3‐NT‐ir) in the CB, the CB chemosensory discharge, and arterial blood pressure (BP) in rats exposed to CIH. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to CIH (5% O2, 12 times/h, 8 h/day) for 7 days. Ebselen (10 mg/kg/day) was administrated using osmotic minipumps and BP measured with radiotelemetry. Compared to the sham animals, CIH‐treated rats showed increased 3‐NT‐ir within the CB, enhanced CB chemosensory responses to hypoxia, increased BP response to acute hypoxia, and hypertension. Rats treated with Ebselen and exposed to CIH displayed a significant reduction in 3‐NT‐ir levels (60.8 ± 14.9 versus 22.9 ± 4.2 a.u.), reduced CB chemosensory response to 5% O2 (266.5 ± 13.4 versus 168.6 ± 16.8 Hz), and decreased mean BP (116.9 ± 13.2 versus 82.1 ± 5.1 mmHg). Our results suggest that CIH‐induced CB chemosensory potentiation and hypertension are critically dependent on ONOO− formation.
The Adoption of Nephron-Sparing Surgery in Europe - A Trend Analysis in Two Referral Centers from Austria and Germany
Authors: Meyer Christian , Hansen Jens , Becker Andreas , Schmid Marianne , Pradel Lea , Strini Karin , Chromecki Thomas , Jesche-Chromecki Johanna , Fisch Margit , Zigeuner Richard , Chun Felix K.H.
Published: December 2015

Objective: To compare the trends of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) in 2 European tertiary referral centers with regards to guideline changes. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,573 patients who underwent RN or PN for localized (≤T2) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were included. Logistic regression analyses assessed the predictors of PN and laparoscopy over time. Results: Out of the total, 1,013 patients (65.6%) were treated with RN and 560 patients (34.4 %) with PN. Also, 1,233 patients (80%) had open surgery whereas 340 patients (22%) were treated with a laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic RN and PN were performed in 216 (13.7%) and 124 (7.8%) patients, respectively. T1b tumors were 73% less likely (p < 0.001) to be treated with PN compared to T1a tumors. The odds of undergoing PN or laparoscopy in 2008-2010 relative to 2000-2001 were 6.5-fold (p < 0.001) and 36-fold higher (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Tumor size and year of surgery are independent predictors of PN in our cohort. Our data exemplify the adoption of PN for RCC in tertiary care centers in Austria and Germany in line with implemented guideline changes. The utilization of PN has increased over time regardless of surgical approach. Further studies need to address the use of robot-assisted surgery and care in community hospitals.
En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Choroid in a Case with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy during the Course of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Komuku Yuki , Iwahashi Chiharu , Yano Shinsaku , Tanaka Chika , Nakagawa Tomoya , Gomi Fumi
Published: December 2015

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) develop serous retinal detachment; however, the treatment of each disease is totally different. Steroids treat VKH but worsen CSC; therefore, it is important to distinguish these diseases. Here, we report a case with CSC which was diagnosed by en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging during the course of VKH disease. A 50-year-old man was referred with blurring of vision in his right eye. Fundus examination showed bilateral optic disc swelling and macular fluid in the right eye. OCT showed thick choroid, and en face OCT images depicted blurry choroid without clear delineation of choroidal vessels. Combined with angiography findings, this patient was diagnosed with VKH disease and treated with steroids. Promptly, fundus abnormalities resolved with the reduction of the choroidal thickness and the choroidal vessels became visible on the en face images. During the tapering of the steroid, serous macular detachment in the right eye recurred several times. Steroid treatment was effective at first; however, at the fourth appearance of submacular fluid, the patient did not respond. At that time, the choroidal vessels on the en face OCT images were clear, which significantly differed from the images at the time of recurrence of VKH. Angiography also suggested CSC-like leakage. The tapering of the steroids was effective in resolving the fluid. Secondary CSC may develop in the eye with VKH after steroid treatment. En face OCT observation of the choroid may be helpful to distinguish each condition.
Hearing is listening?
Authors: Camargo C. M. E. C. J.
Published: December 2015

No mundo tecnológico e informatizado do século XXI, narcísico e hedonista (LIPOVETISKY, 2005), a estandardização para o consumo de massa (ADORNO, 1941) ocasionou um adestramento na percepção, além de alterar os parâmetros, os atributos de expressão e os princípios da poética musical que compõem as dimensões estruturais da música, ao promover um estado quase permanente de distração e de entretenimento, divergente da escuta concentrada que permite articular, interpretar, compreender e construir um pensamento a partir do que se ouve. Essa nova percepção teve impacto expressivo nos hábitos de audição, na área da educação e formação musical. Como então atuar no contexto educacional do ensino regular e do ensino de música numa sociedade imersa no adestramento sensorial para o consumo? Neste artigo procuramos discutir e apontar alternativas que retomem a concentração e o esforço consciente da percepção - análise, interpretação e compreensão para um pensar crítico.
The musical genre: between rhetorical discursivity and the labels of market
Authors: Silva William Teixeira da
Published: December 2015

Genus, a palavra do Latim de onde vem nosso termo gênero significa família, raça. Esse nível de “parentesco”, que determinados discursos musicais têm entre si, tem suscitado discussões que vão dos critérios de avaliação até a relevância de tal classificação. Neste trabalho, será feita uma revisão bibliográfica das primeiras discussões sobre os gêneros discursivos, principalmente o tratado sobre retórica de Aristóteles, prosseguindo para a atualização latina de Cícero. Desse modo objetiva-se ter parâmetros bem estabelecidos para se ponderar o modo como essas categorizações se formaram através da história da música, até chegar nas interfaces sociológicas que originaram a ideia de gêneros de mercado.
O uso dos instrumentos de percussão em musicalização de crianças em perÍodo sensório-motor
Authors: Sulpício E. C. M. G. , Parreira Gabrielle Estabille , Pires Lígia Donizete Dos Santos
Published: December 2015

Este artigo apresenta algumas considerações iniciais de uma pesquisa que vem sendo desenvolvida junto ao “Programa Ensinar com Pesquisa” do Departamento de Música da FFCLRP-USP. Este estudo se propõe a refletir sobre o uso de instrumentos de percussão com o propósito de estimular o desenvolvimento de crianças que se encontram no período sensório-motor. De acordo com Piaget, este período vai desde o nascimento até aproximadamente os dois anos de idade. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar esta fase e propor atividades com instrumentos de percussão que possam estimular o desenvolvimento do bebê.
Role of Adding Spironolactone and Renal Denervation in True Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Rosa Ján , Widimský Petr , Waldauf Petr , Lambert Lukáš , Zelinka Tomáš , Táborský Miloš , Branny Marian , Toušek Petr , Petrák Ondřej , Čurila Karol , Bednář František , Holaj Robert , Štrauch Branislav , Václavík Jan , Nykl Igor , Krátká Zuzana , Kociánová Eva , Jiravský Otakar , Rappová Gabriela , Indra Tomáš , Widimský Jiří
Published: December 2015

This randomized, multicenter study compared the relative efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) versus pharmacotherapy alone in patients with true resistant hypertension and assessed the effect of spironolactone addition. We present here the 12-month data. A total of 106 patients with true resistant hypertension were enrolled in this study: 52 patients were randomized to RDN and 54 patients to the spironolactone addition, with baseline systolic blood pressure of 159±17 and 155±17 mm Hg and average number of drugs 5.1 and 5.4, respectively. Twelve-month results are available in 101 patients. The intention-to-treat analysis found a comparable mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure decline of 6.4 mm Hg,
P
=0.001 in RDN versus 8.2 mm Hg,
P
=0.002 in the pharmacotherapy group. Per-protocol analysis revealed a significant difference of 24-hour systolic blood pressure decline between complete RDN (6.3 mm Hg,
P
=0.004) and the subgroup where spironolactone was added, and this continued within the 12 months (15 mm Hg,
P
= 0.003). Renal artery computed tomography angiograms before and after 1 year post-RDN did not reveal any relevant changes. This study shows that over a period of 12 months, RDN is safe, with no serious side effects and no major changes in the renal arteries. RDN in the settings of true resistant hypertension with confirmed compliance is not superior to intensified pharmacological treatment. Spironolactone addition (if tolerated) seems to be more effective in blood pressure reduction.
Progression of White Matter Disease and Cortical Thinning Are Not Related in Older Community-Dwelling Subjects
Authors: Dickie David Alexander , Karama Sherif , Ritchie Stuart J. , Cox Simon R. , Sakka Eleni , Royle Natalie A. , Aribisala Benjamin S. , Hernández Maria Valdés , Maniega Susana Muñoz , Pattie Alison , Corley Janie , Starr John M. , Bastin Mark E. , Evans Alan C. , Deary Ian J. , Wardlaw Joanna M.
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—

We assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between whole brain white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and regional cortical thickness.

Methods—

We measured WMH volume and regional cortical thickness on magnetic resonance imaging at ≈73 and ≈76 years in 351 community-dwelling subjects from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. We used multiple linear regression to calculate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between regional cortical thickness and WMH volume controlling for age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination, education, intelligence quotient at age 11, and vascular risk factors.

Results—

We found cross-sectional associations between WMH volume and cortical thickness within and surrounding the Sylvian fissure at 73 and 76 years (rho=−0.276, Q=0.004). However, we found no significant longitudinal associations between (1) baseline WMH volume and change in cortical thickness; (2) baseline cortical thickness and change in WMH volume; or (3) change in WMH volume and change in cortical thickness.

Conclusions—

Our results show that WMH volume and cortical thinning both worsen with age and are associated cross-sectionally within and surrounding the Sylvian fissure. However, changes in WMH volume and cortical thinning from 73 to 76 years are not associated longitudinally in these relatively healthy older subjects. The underlying cause(s) of WMH growth and cortical thinning have yet to be fully determined.
The Value of Being Wrong: Intermittent Feedback Delivery Alters the Striatal Response to Negative Feedback
Authors: Lempert Karolina M. , Tricomi Elizabeth
Published: December 2015

Whereas positive feedback is both rewarding and informative, negative feedback can be construed as either punishing (because it is indicative of poor performance) or informative (because it may lead to goal attainment). In this neuroimaging experiment, we highlighted the informational value of negative feedback by intermixing trials with and without feedback. When performance feedback is expected, positive feedback triggers an increase in striatal activity, whereas negative feedback elicits a decrease in striatal activity. We predicted that, in contrast, when feedback receipt is unpredictable, the striatal response to negative feedback would increase. Participants performed a paired-associate learning task during fMRI scanning. In one condition (“blocked feedback”), the receipt of feedback was predictable—participants knew whether or not they would receive feedback for their responses. In another condition (“mixed feedback”), the receipt of feedback was unpredictable—on a random 50% of trials, participants received feedback, and they otherwise received no feedback. Negative feedback in the mixed feedback condition elicited more striatal activity than negative feedback in the blocked feedback condition. In contrast, feedback omission evoked more striatal activity when feedback delivery was expected, compared to when it was unpredictable. This pattern emerged from an increase in caudate activity in response to negative feedback in the mixed feedback condition and a decrease in ventral striatal activity in response to no feedback in this condition. These results suggest that, by emphasizing the informational value of negative feedback, an unpredictable feedback context alters the striatal response to negative feedback and to the omission of feedback.
Corrections to Phytotaxa 230: New species and new combinations in Micromeria (Lamiaceae) from the Canary Islands and Madeira
Authors: Puppo Pamela , Meimberg Harald
Published: December 2015

Following the publication of New species and new combinations in Micromeria (Lamiaceae) from the Canary Islands and Madeira (Puppo & Meimberg 2015), two necessary corrections were brought to our attention.