bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enseñanza on-line de la ingenierı́a
Authors: Abreu Rodríguez David
Published: August 2024

La enseñanza de la automática se integra en España dentro de los estudios de ingenierı́a. Esta rama tradicionalmente se ha identificado como una de las más dificiles de trasladar de una modalidad presencial a una on-line debido a la necesidad de laboratorios. La pandemia de COVID-19 obligó a realizar cambios en los modelos de enseñanza, incluyendo una fase completamente on-line y una semi-presencial. Que sirven como experimento para evaluar las capacidades de la enseñanza no presencial de la automática. Observando las tasas de rendimiento y éxito para los niveles de grado y máster se muestra que los resultados para el caso de la ingenierı́a son diferentes al promedio de todos los estudios. Evidenciando las necesidades especı́ficas de adaptación y esfuerzos que deben llevarse a cabo para una enseñanza on-line efectiva de la ingenerı́a.
NauSim
Authors: Ortiz Toro César Antonio , Cerrada Collado Cristina , Moreno Salinas David , Chaos García Dictino , García Suárez Karen Lyn , Otero Roth Pablo , Vidal Pérez Juan Manuel , Luque Nieto Miguel Ángel , Vázquez Ana Isabel , Fraile Ardanuy José Jesús , Negro Valdecantos Vicente , Jiménez Yguacel Eugenio , Aranda Almansa Joaquín , Zazo Bello Santiago , Zufiria Zatarain Pedro José , Magdalena Layos Luis , Parras Moral Juan , Gutiérrez  Martín Alvaro
Published: August 2024

Este artículo presenta NauSim, un simulador de código abierto para drones submarinos, centrado en el desarrollo de software de control y en su fácil despliegue en el ''hardware'' objetivo. NauSim proporciona a investigadores, desarrolladores y estudiantes un campo de pruebas virtual, realista y versátil, que les permite evaluar el rendimiento de drones submarinos en diversos escenarios. Entre sus principales características figuran escenarios personalizables, un diseño modular para controladores, sensores y actuadores, y soporte para simulaciones de varios drones, lo que permite realizar estudios de robótica colaborativa y de enjambre.
Aproximación basada en Unity para el modelado digital de sistemas de automatización
Authors: Sánchez García Alejandro , Illana Sergio , Casado Cruz Pedro , Ruano Ruano Ildefonso , Estévez Estévez Elisabet
Published: August 2024

La simulación 3D se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial en la automatización industrial moderna. Está alineada con los objetivos de la Industria 4.0, que buscan mejorar la eficiencia y reducir costos en entornos de manufactura complejos. Hoy en día en el mercado hay disponibles entornos de simulación 3D diseñados para abordar los desafíos de replicar con precisión entornos industriales complejos. Lamentablemente, son productos de pago con una costosa curva de aprendizaje, y en los que los usuarios no pueden añadir nuevos componentes que no se encuentren contemplados en sus librerías. Este trabajo, explora cómo utilizar la herramienta Unity, utilizado principalmente para la creación de videojuegos y experiencias interactivas en 2D-3D, realidad aumentada y virtual, en el modelado digital de sistemas de automatización. Específicamente, presenta una metodología a seguir con objeto de minimizar la curva de aprendizaje y, adicionalmente, añade dos componentes básicos e indispensables en automatización como son los sensores magnéticos y los cilindros de doble efecto.
Una propuesta para evaluar el aislamiento social y la soledad no deseada con el robot social Mini
Authors: Alonso Ramos Luis , García Martínez Jesús , Castillo Montoya José Carlos , Castro González Álvaro , Salichs Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2024

El aislamiento social y la soledad no deseada son problemáticas crecientes que afectan significativamente al bienestar y la salud mental de las personas. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta de una herramienta para evaluar el riesgo de padecer soledad no deseada de un usuario utilizando un robot social. Nuestra propuesta combina el uso de técnicas activas como cuestionarios y de técnicas pasivas empleando visión por computador y herramientas para analizar el estado emocional del usuario y la frecuencia de interacción tanto con el robot como con su círculo social. Se incluye el desarrollo de una aplicación que permite realizar cuestionarios al usuario para determinar si existe riesgo de padecer soledad no deseada. En nuestra propuesta de diseño, el objetivo es que el sistema sea capaz de detectar patrones de comportamiento del usuario y evaluar su nivel de interacción social. A partir de estos datos se extrae información sobre la situación del usuario. En caso de que haya riesgo de soledad no deseada o aislamiento social, el robot dispone de actividades de socialización, lo que representa una oportunidad para mejorar el bienestar del usuario.
Diseño de Gemelo Digital de instalación fotovoltaica con herramientas gratuitas
Authors: Castellano Curado David , Garrido Satué Manuel , Castaño Castaño Fernando , Rubio Francisco R.
Published: August 2024

El artículo presenta una primera aproximación a la creación de un gemelo digital de una planta fotovoltaica real. Para ello se utilizarán programas populares como Unity, que es un motor gráfico 3D para diseño de videojuegos, y Python, un lenguaje de programación versátil con multitud de librerías científicas disponibles. Estas dos herramientas gratuitas permiten diseñar un simulador/supervisor que incorpore funcionalidades no tan comunes, como por ejemplo la disminución de rendimiento por sombreado parcial o total de los paneles fotovoltaicos usando métodos de visión por computador en imágenes sintéticas obtenidas del modelo tridimensional de la planta.
Reescalado de un robot aéreo de ala batiente para vuelos en espacios limitados
Authors: Coca Sara , Crassous Pablo , Sanchez-Laulhe Ernesto , Tapia Raul , Martínez de Dios José Ramiro , Ollero Anibal
Published: August 2024

Este artículo presenta el proceso de reescalado de un robot aéreo de ala batiente. El objetivo es diseñar una plataforma que permita volar de forma autónoma en espacios interiores y exteriores limitados. Se ha redimensionado un modelo previo de gran escala, haciendo más ligeras las distintas partes del robot. El diseño aerodinámico incluyó un nuevo perfil alar (S1221) que mejora la eficiencia aerodinámica. Además, se han realizado modificaciones significativas en el diseño mecánico y electrónico para reducir el peso, utilizando materiales más ligeros y componentes de menor tamaño. Los resultados preliminares indican que el prototipo cumple con los objetivos de peso y carga alar, lo que ofrece una buena maniobrabilidad.
Arquitecturas para detección de anomalías
Authors: Pérez López Borja , Resino Solis Mario , García Fernández Fernando , Hussein Abdulrahman Al-Kaff Abdulla
Published: August 2024

La detección y prevención de situaciones anómalas en entornos urbanos es crucial para la seguridad de todos los usuarios, siendo un área de estudio muy relevante actualmente. La abundancia de cámaras CCTV en ciudades permite usar tecnologías de inteligencia artificial (IA) para monitorear y analizar comportamientos en tiempo real. Este estudio propone un sistema basado en la estructura GAN (Generative Adversarial Networks) para identificar situaciones anómalas en secuencias de imágenes. Se desarrollaron y compararon dos sistemas utilizando la arquitectura PatchGAN. El primero emplea la red U-Net para el generador, mientras que el segundo usa U-NetR, una variación de U-Net que mejora la contextualización de la imagen completa. Los resultados de diversos experimentos muestran la eficacia de ambos enfoques, proporcionando una comparación detallada de las ventajas y limitaciones de cada uno. Este trabajo contribuye al avance de las tecnologías de vigilancia.
Optimización del registro en tiempo real de sensor de fuerza
Authors: Sempere José Manuel , Gracia Desirée Irene , Azorín José María , Úbeda Andrés , Iáñez Martínez Eduardo
Published: August 2024

El estudio aborda la necesidad de cuantificar la presión superficial con baja latencia en la transmisión de datos. Utilizando el sensor de fuerza resistivo FSR 406 y el microcontrolador ESP32, se ha desarrollado una arquitectura para optimizar el envío y registro de datos. La arquitectura incluye la activación de triggers basados en umbrales de voltaje o botones pulsadores, permitiendo la sincronización precisa entre dispositivos. El sistema envía datos en vectores o bloques de cadenas, asegurando la integridad y continuidad de la información. También, ejemplos de envío de triggers y datos muestran cómo se logra una sincronización efectiva, facilitando la comparación de la presión superficial con otras señales fisiológicas sin generar desfases. Este estudio optimiza el registro y transmisión de datos, mejorando la precisión y eficiencia en aplicaciones fisiológicas y biomecánicas y, demostrando una arquitectura robusta para la sincronización y análisis de múltiples dispositivos.
Sistema multimodal para la orientación de robots móviles hacia su interlocutor
Authors: Cañete Antonio , Quemada-Torres Eulogio , Ruiz-Sarmiento José-Raúl , Moreno Francisco Ángel , Gonzalez-Jimenez Javier
Published: August 2024

Con el objetivo de lograr una interacción humano-robot lo más natural posible, es fundamental que el robot se oriente hacia su interlocutor. Este trabajo presenta un sistema multimodal que usa información visual y de sonido para lograr una orientación precisa incluso en situaciones complejas con múltiples personas, personas fuera del campo de visión del sensor, etc. En concreto, un sistema de micrófonos estéreo es el encargado de detectar el inicio y fin de la interacción, así como de calcular el ángulo de incidencia del sonido para iniciar la orientación del robot. Por su parte, la información visual proveniente de una cámara se usa para localizar la presencia del interlocutor mediante detección facial, asistida por el ángulo de incidencia del sonido. Una vez localizado, el sistema se encarga de orientarse constantemente hacia dicha persona de manera precisa. El trabajo incluye una demostración del comportamiento del sistema en escenarios límite utilizando el robot social Sancho.
Entorno basado en contenedores Linux para el desarrollo de aplicaciones robóticas
Authors: Ambrosio-Cestero Gregorio , Matez-Bandera Jose Luis , Ruiz-Sarmiento Jose-Raul , Gonzalez-Jimenez Javier
Published: August 2024

El desarrollo y despliegue de aplicaciones robóticas en investigación involucra desafíos como la gestión eficiente de hardware heterogéneo, especialmente GPUs, o la elaboración de configuraciones software con requisitos incompatibles, por ejemplo, conflictos de librerías y versiones. A menudo, estos problemas se convierten en una limitación para los investigadores, ya que dificultan la colaboración o incluso imposibilitan el desarrollo y despliegue de sus aplicaciones. En este trabajo, se presenta una solución consistente en un entorno basado en virtualización mediante contenedores persistentes de baja latencia, que ofrece plataformas de desarrollo completos, acceso directo al hardware y gestión automática de las comunicaciones, facilitando el desarrollo de aplicaciones robóticas en entornos heterogéneos complejos. El entorno propuesto se valida mediante su implementación real en un laboratorio de robótica. Concretamente, se presenta un experimento consistente en la creación de mapas semánticos con robots móviles, una tarea compleja que ha requerido el uso de contenedores que ejecutan nodos de ROS2 intercomunicados.
ArduTC -- Un entrenador de bajo coste para TwinCAT
Authors: Moreno Francisco-Angel , Torres Victor
Published: August 2024

La realización de prácticas docentes con PLC en la ingeniería supone un desafío en los centros educativos debido al alto coste, el espacio ocupado y el mantenimiento de los equipos necesarios para llevarlas a cabo. Esto avoca al alumnado a tomar turnos para realizar ejercicios de automatización o, si esto no es posible, al uso de simuladores, empeorando la experiencia práctica. ArduTC nace como un intento de democratización del hardware para automatización, desarrollando un sistema de muy bajo coste que convierte una placa de desarrollo de Arduino UNO en una interfaz entre TwinCAT, el software comercial de programación de PLC de Beckhoff, y elementos básicos de automatización como LEDs, pulsadores, sensores analógicos y servomotores, sustituyendo en última instancia a un PLC comercial.
Nuestro sistema se comunica de manera transparente con un programa TwinCAT que se ejecuta en un PC mediante el protocolo ADS aplicando los cambios en las variables del programa a los pines de una placa Arduino y viceversa.
Modelo dinámico de un sistema de actuación por cables para control de pelvis en rehabilitación de la marcha
Authors: Muñoz Jorge , Romero Sorozabal Pablo , Rocon de Lima Eduardo
Published: August 2024

En las últimas décadas, el desarrollo de plataformas robóticas para la asistencia y rehabilitación ha cobrado gran relevancia debido a su capacidad para proporcionar entrenamiento controlado y generar datos precisos sobre el desempeño del paciente. A pesar de la abundancia de robots de rehabilitación para adultos, aún son escasos los dispositivos diseñados específicamente para niños y prácticamente inexistentes para bebés.Este artículo presenta el modelo dinámico del módulo de la pelvis del sistema Discover2Walk (D2W), una innovadora plataforma modular de rehabilitación de la marcha para niños con parálisis cerebral que emplea actuadores accionados por cables. El análisis considera un sólido rígido suspendido por cuatro cables y sometido a la acción de la gravedad, abordando el cálculo de las tensiones instantáneas en los cables y su impacto en la dinámica del sólido. Esta versión inicial del modelo permitirá entender el comportamiento del sistema, además de sentar las bases para un modelado más detallado y preciso, imprescindible para diseñar estrategias de rehabilitación y asistencia a la marcha, realizar simulaciones o diseñar controladores.
Interfaz inteligente de ayuda a la navegación autónoma en exteriores
Authors: Hidalgo García Luz María , Roldán Gómez Juan Jesús
Published: August 2024

La navegación autónoma terrestre en exteriores es una tarea compleja que se enfrenta a numerosos desafíos.  Las aplicaciones que consigan fusionar diferentes tipos de información para la ayuda a la toma de decisiones serán las más exitosas. Se presenta el desarrollo de una interfaz inteligente para ofrecer asistencia a la navegación autónoma proporcionando información de las posibles rutas a seguir en el mapa geográfico por el que se lleva a cabo la navegación. Integra buscadores de rutas de menor coste de proveedores de mapas evitando zonas virtuales restringidas incorporadas al escenario. Para zonas de exploración no muy grandes en las que no existan rutas registradas en los mapas, el sistema incorpora un algoritmo ad-hoc para encontrar la ruta óptima. Este proyecto integra tres importantes tecnologías facilitadoras para el desarrollo de aplicaciones para la navegación autónoma de plataformas robóticas en exteriores: Unity como motor de desarrollo, ROS para los mensajes de comunicación y OpenStreetMaps como software para procesamiento de mapas geográficos.
Mitigación de vibraciones con control del flujo de aire basado en GA-ANFIS de una turbina eólica marina flotante híbrida con columnas de agua oscilantes
Authors: M'zoughi Fares , Aboutalebi Payam , Ahmad Irfan , Bagheri Rouch Tahereh , Garrido Izaskun , Garrido Aitor J.
Published: August 2024

Este artículo presenta un enfoque novedoso para modelar y estabilizar una turbina eólica marina flotante (FOWT) mediante el empleo de columnas de agua oscilantes (OWC) como sistema de control estructural activo. El concepto innovador implica diseñar una nueva plataforma flotante similar a una barcaza con OWC integrados en lados opuestos de la plataforma para mitigar las oscilaciones no deseadas del sistema. Estos OWC contrarrestan las fuerzas de flexión provocadas por el viento en la torre y las olas en la plataforma de la barcaza. Para sincronizar las fuerzas opuestas con la inclinación del sistema, se emplea una estrategia de control de flujo de aire basada en un sistema de inferencia neurodifusa adaptativa de algoritmo genético. Mediante la manipulación del ángulo de inclinación de la plataforma de la barcaza, el sistema de control de flujo de aire GA-ANFIS ajusta las válvulas en cada lado, abriendo una y cerrando la otra en consecuencia.
Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları ile Suça Yönelik Tutumlar Arasındaki İlişkide Psikopatolojik Belirtilerin Paralel Çoklu Aracı Rollerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Erbay Ayhan
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Çocukluk çağı travmaları ile suça yönelik tutumlar arasındaki ilişkide psikopatolojik belirtilerin aracı bir etkiye sahip olup olmadığının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Belirtilen amaca ulaşabilmek adına ilişkisel tarama modelinden hareket edilmiş, uygunda örnekleme tekniğiyle Ocak 2023-Ocak 2024 tarihlerini kapsayan bu çalışmaya 18 yaşından büyük toplamda 391 kişi çevrimiçi ortamda katılım sağlamıştır. Çocukluk çağı travmaları ile suça yönelik tutumlar arasındaki ilişkide psikopatolojik belirtiler paralel çoklu aracılık rolü analizi ile incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Çocukluk çağı travmalarının suça yönelik tutumlar üzerinden doğrudan bir etki yaratmadığı gözlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde çocukluk çağı travmalarının kontrol edildiği ve psikopatolojik belirtilerin suça yönelik tutumlar üzerindeki etkileri incelendiğinde hiçbir psikopatolojik belirtinin doğrudan şiddete yönelik tutumlar üzerinde etkiye sahip olmadığı ancak kişilerarası duyarlık ve düşmanlık belirtilerinin dolaylı olarak ilişkiyi güçlendirme olasılığına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Suça yönelik tutumlarda bireysel özellikler veya deneyimlenen travmaların tetiklediği bir mekanizmadan öte içinde yaşanılan ailenin, mahallenin ve toplumun bireye etkilerinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığı psikopatolojik özellikler veya geçmiş dönemki travmaların ise suça yönelimi ancak toplumsal şartlar uygunsa tetiklediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Geriatrik Popülasyonda Meydana Gelen İş İlişkili Ölümlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Bölükbaşı Hacı Seyit , Tecir Çağnur Canatan , Şengül Niyazi Burak , Kırcı Güven Seçkin , Özer Erdal
Published: August 2024

Amaç: İşçi ölümleri, bir kişinin çalışırken yaptığı işin fiziksel ve psikolojik etkileri nedeniyle meydana gelen tüm ölümleri kapsayan bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 65 yaş ve üzeri olgularda çeşitli parametreleri inceleyerek bu kapsamda çalışmamız geriatrik popülasyonun iş kazası ve iş ölümlerine maruziyetinin düzeyini, biçimini ve sebeplerini ortaya koymayı ve bu sayede literatüre katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Yöntem: Bu kesitsel, tanımlayıcı çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2020 yılında, 65 yaş üstü popülasyonda meydana gelen iş ilişkili ölümlerden, ulusal yazılı ve görsel basına intikal etmiş 86 olgu retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: İncelenen 86 işçi ölümününden %77,9’unun (n=67) yaşının 65-74 yaş aralığında olduğu, olguların %88,4’ü (n=76) erkek olduğu, ölümlerin en çok nedeni %72,1 (n=62) olguda kaza olduğu, yer dağılımı açısından incelendiğinde %43’ünün (n=37) kırsal bölgede meydana geldiği saptandı.
Sonuç: Ülkemizde geriatrik popülasyonda çalışma hayatına katılım gösteren kişi sayısı gelişmiş ülkelere göre daha fazladır. Buna bağlı olarak geriatrik işçi ölümleri de fazla olarak bulunmaktadır. Yaşlanan iş gücü için Avrupa ve Amerika’da yapılan politikaların gözetilmesi ve periyodik sağlık kontrollerinin yaptırılması sağlanmalıdır.
As Sucessivas Metamorfoses do Conceito de Estado em Marx
Authors: Herrera Rémy
Published: August 2024

This article intends to return to Marx’s theory of the State to show that this author left us numerous and fruitful elements, the analyzes of which deserve to be meditated on today. From the conception of the State as an alienated expression of civil society to that of the organization of the dominant class, then from that of the apparatus or machine to that of the lever of the revolution, Marx’s interpretation has evolved to become more complex, and enriched. We should also know how to situate this State at the heart of the dynamic of capital accumulation, in particular through its role relative to money, itself located between value and profit, but also in its interventions in colonial and commercial policies. Finally, the article insists on the fact that capitalism is today in an impasse and doomed, its State being experiencing more and more difficulties in the face of the deep contradictions of this system. This is the reason why Marxism still remains an essential theoretical reference.
Critical Theory and ideology critique, the weapons of Marx to expose material reality as mystified unreality of the authoritarian and populist moment
Authors: Garland Christian
Published: August 2024

In our present early Twenty-First Century epoch, in bold contradistinction with the 1989-91 end of the Cold War and subsequent reassurances of the 90s, that ‘The End of History’ had arrived, the past decade has seen the rise of populism and authoritarian would-be leaders worldwide. Similarly, both nationalism and outright fascism have once again become credible threats, whilst ‘the left’ has largely failed to respond or offer feasible answers to multiplying social problems. This belated and misfiring reaction to capitalism in crisis, simply the year: 2008 will give all that is needed to explain what is being referred to. What has occupied the energies of substantial sections of populations angry at elites seemingly operating as usual and the same limited and fatally flawed system continuing as before. Those individuals and institutions who helped it teeter on the brink of terminal failure, were able to profit from this whilst populations suffered as states socialized debt making society pay with austerity measures. This left a power vacuum to which any adequate response was noticeably lacking. From 2016, and the date bookends the year in which populism and authoritarian leaders ‘first appeared’, the wave of similar populist reaction has continued globally. Part of this has been the contention over what constitutes ‘the truth’ and facts themselves and misinformation, disinformation and ‘fake news’ continue to persist as serious problems. The bigger issue it might be argued is the implication that these methods can be used to attain power, either political or in any other sphere: a secondary and no less alarming problem also covered by this essay. Explicating a materialist analysis of what exactly the problem and threats populism and authoritarianism embody, and ‘where they came from’, the essay is most heavily influenced by the dissident and unorthodox Marxism of the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research). This paper takes as its subject the weapons of Marx and the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory to critically analyze the concept of Ideology Critique, and how Marx and Marxism remain the ‘bad conscience of philosophy’. It also applies takes as its subject the concept of ideology critique to the unnerving predominance of right-wing and authoritarian narratives, still very much vying for political power in 2024.
Le Don du Rêve. Regard sur le Témoignage de Louis Althusser
Authors: Catalão Helena B.
Published: August 2024

In this study, we aim to revisit the autobiography of Louis Althusser, titled «L’avenir dure Longtemps, suivi de Les Faits», in order to reflect upon the author’s substantiated belief that his dream, of 10 August 1964, is premonitory of the homicidal act he committed against his wife, Hélène Rytmann, on 16 November 1980. Based on the revisitation of this autobiographical testimony, we propound the following theses: 1) a sacrificial interpretation of the aforementioned dream by the French philosopher, in retrospect of the fateful event, through the lens of hyper mimesis (René Girard), which is inherent to Althusser’s behavior and probably lies at the root of his deep-seated discomfort; 2) the possibility of a non sacrificial interpretation of the dream, hence bearer of a meaning with the potential to liberate (Jacques Derrida; Jean-Luc Marion) the dreamer from a certain mode of operation. With this perspective, we aim to emphasize the idea that the main purpose of the dream consists in psychological individuation (Carl G. Jung) vis-à-vis undifferentiation and uniformization phenomena, typical of socialization (René Girard), as well as to highlight the notion of gift, outlined by Althusser.
Louis Althusser, le matérialisme de la rencontre, une anti-philosophie
Authors: Bourdin Jean-Claude
Published: August 2024

If the object of Althusser’s main theoretical work was Marx’s historical materialism, the form this work took was philosophy. Philosophy was his most important object. His reflections focused on the question of the existence of a Marxist philosophy, on philosophy as practice, the practice of philosophy and its role in ideological and political class struggles. This article sets out to understand how what is somewhat improperly called Althusser’s ‘last’ philosophy, the materialism of the encounter or aleatory materialism, is the philosophy that renounces the dominant form of philosophy to take the form of what I would call a counter-philosophy.
Marx de Michel Henry: Materialização de uma Fenomenologia da Práxis Subjetiva
Authors: Grzibowski Silvestre
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to present the influence that Marx’s philosophy of praxis had on the formation and consolidation of Henry’s phenomenology of subjective praxis. From Marx’s philosophical work, Henry emphasizes the primacy of the practical over the theoretical. This is a theme that he had been developing in his works, but a new perspective opens up with Marx. He shows that work is carried out by a living subjectivity, therefore, subjectivity performs the action and is carried out in it, and thus culture is born. The study presents the connection between praxis, life and culture and from this is born a phenomenology that aims to enable the self-realization of each individual.
Can Human Rights Be Reconciled with Modern Citizenship? Reconsidering Marx’s Zur Judenfrage Today
Authors: Ingram David
Published: August 2024

This essay critically re-examines Marx’s youthful analysis of the separation of church and state and his complex views about the function of rights in the modern state. I argue that Marx’s condemnation of Christian nationalism and endorsement of citizenship for Jews is consistent with his view that the modern, secular state cannot emancipate itself entirely from religiosity, as evidenced by the continuing legacy of nationalism and cultural identity politics today. Although Marx correctly follows Hegel in identifying modernity with a structural differentiation between civil society and state, I argue that he misunderstands the nature of this separation and, along with it, the relationship between private property rights, on one side, and civil, political, and social rights on the other. I conclude that Marx’s mistake resides in his failure to adhere to his own Rousseau-inspired social understanding of rights. In the final analysis, far from rejecting the deontological moral intuition underlying rights according to which individuals possess a human dignity (social nature) that merits protection, he rather upholds this idea against what he perceives to be its degradation in service to narrow sectarian self-interest, whose pursuit obstructs rather than promotes the full development of our humanity.
Jésuites et Herméneutique du Marxisme chinois
Authors: Vendé Yves
Published: August 2024

The contribution begins by giving an account of the Jesuits’ relationship to philosophy – a relationship nourished by Thomism but not solely dependent on it. The Jesuit perspective is concerned with maintaining a balance between, on one hand, a unified vision of knowledge and human life, and an openness to developments in the world; and on the other hand, emphasizing the link between knowledge effort and moral transformation. This approach, anchored in the Greek tradition, guided the Jesuits in their encounter with Confucianism in the 17th century, leading to notable developments and particularly a “conversion” with neo-Confucianism. This interpretive framework was also applied against Marxism, involving various evaluations of the non-Thomist tradition. The remainder of this article explains how a historian of Chinese thought and comparative philosopher, Henri Bernard-Maître, developed an interpretation of Marxism as a resource meeting the expectations of Chinese youth in the 1930s. His successor, Octave Brière, adopts a more critical tone, whether describing the history of Chen Duxiu, the Communist Party, or the effects of Marxist thought with the central role of propaganda. Brière highlights the importance of characters, laws of evolution of history, practice, and the anthropological limits of the Marxist position. The last part of this article provides a counterpoint to the theoretical reflections with field reports from several missionaries present in Shanghai or in rural areas of the North. Ultimately, in the Jesuits’ engagement with Chinese Marxism, the main point of friction reveals itself to be the room left for the possibility of personal spiritual experience.
An open-label clinical study to evaluate the safety and gastrointestinal tolerance (product compliance) of Groviva®® Advance in hospitalized children requiring isocaloric formula for enteral tube feeding
Authors: Dekate Parag , Reddy Avinash , Kunchapudi Kalyan
Published: August 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and gastrointestinal tolerance of Groviva® Advance in pediatric patients hospitalized to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and requiring an isocaloric formula for enteral tube feeding. Design: This was a prospective five-day single centre, open label clinical study. Methods: The safety and tolerance of Groviva® Advance (45 gram in 170 millilitres of water) was evaluated every day from Day 1 to the end of hospitalization or Day 5, whichever was earlier. The reconstituted amount was 210 millilitres (equivalent to 200 kcal [1kcal in 1ml]) and dosed three hourly (or at the discretion of the pediatrician). Results: The majority of participants received the Groviva® Advance tube feed three hourly on all five days of the study. The average range of total feeds varied from 295.16 ± 275.19 to 1074.737 ± 347.94 feeds per day. The most common side effects were loose stools or vomiting; if present, majority of participants had only one episode per day. There was minimal or no total daily aspiration or GRV (>500 ml/day). There was no statistically significant change in weight (P=0.7163) and abdominal girth (0.6381) of study participants. There were no issues encountered during the preparation and administration of Groviva® Advance. Conclusion: Groviva® Advance was found to be safe and well tolerated by critically ill children admitted to PICUs.
Prevalence and Disability of vision impairment in Mexico: Evidence not seen or spoken about
Authors: Corona Aida , Hernández Enrique , Blancas María , Dantés Héctor
Published: August 2024

According to the World Health Organisation, in 2015 about 253 million people, mainly from low- and middle-income countries, had vision impairment. Aim. We set out to provide an updated overview of the burden of visual impairment in Mexico to guide public health policy towards its prevention and control. Methods. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study, we describe the age-standardised disability and prevalence rates (per 100,000 population) of total, severity, and cause-specific visual impairment and blindness with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) in Mexico from 1990 to 2019. Results. During the study period, age-standardised prevalence of blindness and vision loss showed a national decrease of -7.0% from 10115.3 (95% UI 8540.6-11947.8) to 9410.2 (95% UI 7895.6-11230.4.1) cases per 100,000 population but it was not significant. Blindness prevalence showed a significant national decrease of -40.0% from 742.2 (95% UI 653.7-828.8) to 445.6 (95% UI 391.5-495.0) cases per 100,000 population. Decreasing trends in vision disability rates were not significant but changes were observable for blindness (-39.6%). Although a remarkable decline on disability rates due to glaucoma (-33.1%), cataract (-27.5%), and macular degeneration (-20.4%) was observed, neither was it significant. Conclusions. The trends in prevalence of vision impairment and disability did not change significantly during the study period. Presbyopia and moderate vision loss accounted for most of the disability in all age groups. Inequalities between the poorest and richest states remained unchanged.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a spectrum of diseases that needs a broad treatment approach
Authors: Ellison Siobhan
Published: August 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis consists of multiple diseases that lead to a common endpoint that initiates motor neuron loss. The difficulty in developing treatments is that both the presentation and the course of the disease differs for patients and there aren’t methods to stratify patients in clinical trials that are expected to benefit from a drug, thus most treatments that were positive in animal studies fail in Phase 2 human studies. It is possible harnessing innate immune responses involved with the cell danger responses may be a starting point to stack therapies in patients. A major step in regulating the cell danger response is creating a retro-inverso thymopentin that can increase innate immune targets to regulate T cell responses. Recent work on thymopentin bring a major contribution to the ALS field and we present FC-12738 designed to regulate the cell danger response by natural innate immune pathways.
Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions about Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Oweis Jozef , Adams Sandra
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the major causes of disability and mortality in the world. Despite better efforts to understand this disease, there are still multiple misconceptions regarding the evaluation and management of these complex patients. Purpose: The purpose of this review article is to utilize four hypothetical patient case presentations to dispel common myths regarding the evaluation and management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hypothetical Case Presentations: Natasha, Kevin, Joe and Mary are hypothetical patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whose cases were developed based on clinical experiences and a literature review in order to discredit common myths and misconceptions among clinicians and patients. Common Myths and Misconceptions: Four common myths and misconceptions about patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include: myth #1 symptoms of dyspnea are always reported, myth #2 prolonged cough following an upper respiratory infection is trivial, myth #3 therapy with inhaled corticosteroid plus a long-acting beta 2 agonist is ideal for all newly diagnosed patients, and myth #4 all patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have exacerbations without serious consequences. Throughout this article, we will apply the 2024 Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease recommendations to these hypothetical patients to debunk each of these myths and misconceptions. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Throughout this article, we have applied information from the literature and 2024 Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease report to dispel common myths and misconceptions. The reality is that symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are variable and not all patients report dyspnea. In addition, initial therapy should include dual long-acting bronchodilator therapy, but inhaled corticosteroids may be added in specific situations, such as patients with documented eosinophilia. Finally, acute exacerbations of this disease often have serious consequences and should be methodically prevented and aggressively treated.
Sweet´s syndrome: A review and update on new clinical and histological variants
Authors: Martínez Diego , Martínez Esther , Sánchez Marta , García Juan , Ortega Jose , Gómez Julia , Landete Maria
Published: August 2024

Neutrophilic dermatoses involve a diverse range of conditions for which significant findings have been made in recent years. Despite the lack of comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of neutrophilic dermatoses, patients with pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet's syndrome exhibit elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-17 and TNFα in the skin, accompanied by a dysregulation of the innate immune system. Furthermore, autoinflammatory diseases with the presence of neutrophilic infiltrates characteristic of neutrophilic dermatoses have also been described. Sweet's syndrome is a primary dermal neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by the presence of a sterile neutrophilic infiltrate without the presence of vasculitis in the superficial and mid dermis. This is de clinical form of neutrophilic dermatosis most frequently found in clinical practice. Depending on the etiology, we distinguish classic Sweet's syndrome, Sweet's syndrome associated with neoplasia, pharmacological Sweet's syndrome and Sweet's syndrome associated with lymphoedema. The clinical manifestations of SS are diverse, however cutaneous involvement is the most common organ affected. This typically presents as painful erythematous-edematous plaques or nodules on the upper third of the body. Recently, new variants of neutrophilic dermatoses have been described, which can be divided into clinical and histological variants. The new clinical variants are blistering Sweet's syndrome, cellulitis-like Sweet's syndrome, necrotizing Sweet's syndrome, and neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsum of the hands. Histological variants found are divided into the next patterns: cryptococcal, histiocytic, subcutaneous/panniculitic, eosinophilic, lymphocytic and xanthomyzed normolipidemic. It is recommended that all patients with neutrophilic dermatoses receive systemic treatment to prevent recurrences, which occur in 30-50% of cases. The first-line treatment should be corticosteroids.
Magnitude and outcomes of lower respiratory tract infections attributed to multi-drug resistant bacteria among critically ill patients at a tertiary center in Jordan.
Authors: Mohd Hamzah , Mohammad Obada , Omar Omar , Wardat Mohammad , Mahmoud Saad , Batarseh Ghaith , Ennab Malek , Steitieh Dua
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Lower respiratory tract infections related to multidrug-resistant organisms carry a significant morbidity and mortality. In this study we are trying to find the magnitude of this problem among intensive care unit patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital in Jordan and highlight potential associated factors. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study in which we reviewed respiratory and blood cultures of all patients treated in the intensive care unit for a lower respiratory tract infection between January 1, 2021, and October 1, 2022. We investigated all culture positive cases, we investigated the prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms among culture positive cases, predominating organisms, and compared different groups to look for potential associations and outcomes related to multidrug-resistant organisms. Results: Out of the 563 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 208 (37%) were culture positive. A multi-drug resistant organism was isolated from around 81% of the cases (168 out of the 208 patients with positive culture). Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii was the predominating organism (isolated from 106 patients, 51% of the culture positive study population and 63% of the MDRO sub-population). The presence of a multi-drug resistant organism was significantly associated with the diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (P <0.01), use of mechanical ventilation (P <0.01), increased length of hospital stays (P 0.02), and was associated with increased mortality (P <0.01). A. baumannii was also significantly associated with the diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (P <0.01), use of mechanical ventilation (P <0.01), and increased mortality (P <0.01). Those associations were still significant after conducting multivariate logistic regression. Conclusions: Our study revealed a significantly high prevalence of multi-drug resistant organism in lower respiratory tract infections among intensive care unit patients at a tertiary center in Jordan. Multi-drug resistant A. baumannii was the most frequently isolated pathogen. It was significantly associated with the diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia, use of mechanical ventilation, and increased mortality. Those findings are alarming and signal the urgent need for implementation of effective infection prevention mechanisms and improved antimicrobial stewardship programs.
In vitro fertilization, abortion, and women’s health
Authors: Dykhuizen Daniel
Published: August 2024

The curtailing (banning) IVF (in vitro fertilization) was a logical decision made from a bad but clear, decisive definition of what it means to be human. This definition of being human starts from the observation that each human is a unique fusion of a male gamete and a female egg. If we make the assumption that genetics determines humanness, then each zygote is a human and should be granted the rights of humans. Since the balls of cells derived from a zygote but before implantation in the uterus is the primary product of IVF, then IVF should be curtailed. The details of pregnancy are outlined in this article in order to decide when the right to life should be granted to zygotes and embryos. It is proposed that early in pregnancy, up to about week 18-20, no rights should be granted to the fetus and women should be allowed to have an abortion as they wish. After this time, abortions should be restricted to medical conditions associated with the fetus or to preserve the life, health, and fertility of the woman. At 35th week of pregnancy, there should be a ban on abortions, since the fetus can nearly live apart from the mother. This proposal is designed to give the fetus increasing rights as it develops.
New insights into the pathophysiology and novel therapies for sickle cell disease
Authors: Cancado Rodolfo
Published: August 2024

Sickle-cell disease is an inherited and multisystem blood disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia with chronic complications punctuated by acute vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), progressive multiorgan damage, and increased mortality. SCD is one of the world’s most common severe monogenic disorders affecting millions of people worldwide and represents a significant public health problem. A single mutation in the β-hemoglobin gene enables deoxyHbS to polymerize and initiate the complex pathophysiology of SCD, including impaired biorheology and increased adhesion-mediated vaso-occlusion, hemolysis-mediated endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. The current understanding of the cellular, molecular, and biophysical mechanisms of SCD and basic science and clinical studies over the past decade has inspired the development of several current and potential future therapeutic approaches to prevent disease morbidity.
Bidirectional Relationship Between Obesity, Psychiatric Disorders, and Renal
Authors: Okelue Okelue
Published: August 2024

The rapid growth of obesity worldwide has made it a major health problem. In contrast, the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity has had a significant impact on the magnitude of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in developing countries. A vast number of researchers have reported a strong relationship between obesity and chronic kidney disease, and obesity can serve as an independent risk factor for kidney disease. The histological changes of kidneys in obesity-induced renal injury include glomerular or tubular hypertrophy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or bulbous sclerosis. Furthermore, inflammation, renal hemodynamic changes, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorders are all involved in the development and progression of obesity-induced nephropathy. However, there is no targeted treatment for obesity-related kidney disease. Despite the apt acknowledgment of the physical comorbidity burden in obesity, its correlation to both mental health and renal health has received relatively less research attention. However, in the last 20 years, there has been a progressive collection of evidence concerning the correlation between obesity, renal disorders, and different psychiatric disorders, especially in individuals who have sought treatment for the conditions. Regardless of this, there are still significant knowledge gaps linked to the strengths as well as directions of the correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders. Moreover, owing to the methodological variances between different studies, it is essential to synthesize the existing evidence in these areas to enable researchers and clinicians to have improved comprehension of the extant correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders. This will positively impact the clinical assessment and identification of additional research targets in these areas, including the potential neurobiological correlations between psychiatric disorders and obesity. From the management point of view, it has been indicated that early identification and subsequent management of both widespread psychiatric challenges and renal disorders may optimize the outcomes in obese and overweight patients presenting for treatments. As such, there is a need for practicing politicians to have a better understanding of the bidirectional correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders. With this background, the present systematic review and meta-analysis have been performed to review and synthesize the extant data and evidence on the bidirectional correlations between obesity, psychiatric disorders, and renal disorders.
Transformational change in care pathways & the impact on service outcomes post Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Sharma Bhavesh , Sharma Ojasvi , Khan Habib , Chakrabarti Monali , Sharma Tarun
Published: August 2024

Background: COVID-19 caused disarray in global healthcare systems. Ophthalmology elective outpatient services which accounts for 10% of all hospital outpatient services were shutdown resulting in a significant backlog of patients with sight threatening consequences. Vulnerabilities within our healthcare systems were brought to light, demonstrating the need for transformational change in the delivery of care. Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS trust established first diagnostic hubs in Midlands for ophthalmic service to restructure its ophthalmology service delivery using the Covid-19 special funding. There is paucity of data on the efficacy of setting up diagnostic hubs in ophthalmology delivering efficient virtual clinics in glaucoma service. Aim: To assess the impact of diagnostic hub by measuring the slippage in follow up appointments after setting up the diagnostic hub & virtual glaucoma service after pandemic in July 2020 Methods: This is an observational study comparing delays in follow up appointments before Covid-19 and post-Covid-19 set up of a diagnostic hub for data collection and enhanced use of the virtual clinics in glaucoma service at Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. We compared the Slippage (delay beyond the clinically suggested interval) in follow up appointments and stability of visual fields to assess the efficacy of a diagnostic hub and new virtual clinic service. Result: The slippage of more than 3 months in appointment has reduced from 94% in 2020 to 20% in 2023. The visual field stability had significantly improved to 89.8% in 2023 from just 2% in 2020. This significant improvement is a direct result of setting up of diagnostic hub delivering efficient virtual glaucoma service Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates the positive impact of transformational change in healthcare delivery by setting up a diagnostic hub for ophthalmology. This study supports that building this capacity is important to reduce how long people are waiting for treatment. The reduced delay in treatment has led to improved clinical outcomes.