bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocarbon tracer applied to explore the relationship between the number of exposed parathyroid glands and parathyroid function
Authors: Wu Guofa , Huang Haijie , Ren Zhongdaoyuan , Pan Xiaowei , Xie Lanlan
Published: March 2024

After nanocarbon tracer was applied to thyroidectomy, we aimed to investigate the risk factors of hypoparathyroidism and the relationship between the number of exposed parathyroid glands and parathyroid function. This study retrospectively collected clinical data of patients who underwent
thyroidectomy at Haining People’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022. Levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and blood calcium were observed before surgery, 1 day after surgery, and one month after surgery to assess the occurrence of postoperative parathyroid hypofunction. Patients
were grouped based on their postoperative PTH levels. Furthermore, basic patient data and surgical data were collected to analyze the risk factors associated with hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy using single factor analysis. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the correlation between
intraoperative parathyroid exposure and postoperative PTH and blood calcium levels. This study involved 80 patients. On the first day after surgery, the serum PTH and blood calcium levels of patients decreased, and 59 patients (73.75%) had normal serum PTH level after surgery, which was the
normal group. Twenty-one patients (26.25%) developed hypoparathyroidism after operation and were divided into hypoparathyroidism group. Single factor analysis showed that the main risk factors of postoperative hypoparathyroidism were lesion location, lymph node dissection, nano carbon, number
of lymph node metastasis, intraoperative parathyroid exposure, and inaccurate parathyroidectomy. ANOVA analysis showed that the more parathyroid exposure during operation was accompanied by the more decrease of serum PTH and blood calcium levels after operation. Therefore, the location of
thyroid lesions, lymph node dissection, nano-carbon, number of lymph node metastases, intraoperative parathyroid exposure, and parathyroidectomy are risk factors for transient hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery. Moreover, intraoperative parathyroid exposure significantly affected serum
PTH and blood calcium levels. Performing more accurate thyroidectomy and reducing parathyroid exposure help reduce the occurrence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia.
BMSC-derived exosomes attenuate persistent corneal epithelial injury by affecting retinal neural-like cells
Authors: Wang Dengting , Wang Jianyun , Sun Yan
Published: March 2024

Persistent corneal epithelial defect (PED) is a challenge to human which is difficultly cured, normally requiring long-term follow-up. Herein, this study explored the potential role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) in persistent corneal epithelial injury
and the underlying mechanism. After characterization of BMSC-exos, RGC-5 cell viability was determined and surface markers of BMSCs were analyzed. Additionally, RT-qPCR and Western blot measured miR-150-5p, Brn3, Islet-1, and PCNA expression. Dual luciferase assays were conducted to evaluate
the targeting relationship between long non-coding Ribonucleic Acid (lncRNA) MIAT and miR-150-5p. Presented in ellipsoidal or cup shape, BMSC-exos were positive to BMSC-specific markers CD29 and CD90, and cell surface markers CD9 and CD63 were detected on exosomes. Importantly, treatment with
BMSC-exos significantly promoted proliferation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and hindered cell differentiation. Interestingly, down-regulating lncRNA MIAT exerted the same effect as BMSC-exos, increasing cell viability and decreasing the expression of differentiation-related proteins Brn3
and ISL1. Bioinformatics software predicted miR-150-5P as target of lncRNA MIAT, and the relative luciferase activity of miR-150-5P+MIAT-WT co-transfection group was lower. Conclusively, BMSC-exos can improve PED by targeting and regulating miR-150-5p expression through lncRNA MIAT, which
can up-regulate PCNA in RGC-5 cells and down-regulate Brn3 and ISL1.
Finite element stress analysis of nano copper-based anti-friction coating for improved threaded connections in petroleum drilling tools
Authors: Lan Hongbo , Zhang Yulin , Zhang Guanqi , Wang Zechao , Li Bo
Published: March 2024

Threaded connections are commonly used in connecting petroleum drilling tools (PDTs). In this study, we use nano copper (NaCU) and epoxy-resin binder to prepare a NaCU-based anti-friction coating (NaCU-AFC). Furthermore, we use finite element analysis (FEA) to validate torque and pressure
distribution on the contact tooth surface of threaded joints of PDTs. The results demonstrate that the NaCU-AFC can effectively reduce torque by 35.66%, and significantly improve anti-sticking performance, thereby extending the service life of PDTs. In summary, this study provides valuable
insights for practical applications in coating processes for PDTs.
Anti-seepage performance and underlying mechanism of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium-modified bentonite in hydraulic engineering applications
Authors: Zhu Mingshuan , Li Shien , Zhang Yixiong
Published: March 2024

Bentonite is widely utilized in hydraulic engineering projects. However, its performance may deteriorate under extreme environmental conditions. Hence, we aim to develop a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-modified bentonite and investigate its anti-seepage performance. The results
showed that the 10% CMC-modified bentonite exhibited the best performance. Compared with unmodified bentonite, the expansion index of 10% CMC-modified bentonite significantly increased to 40 mL/2 g, indicating a high water absorption capacity and expansion property. Moreover, it showed a significant
decrease in permeability coefficient (3.72×10−11 m/s) and an increase in porosity (1.90), indicating its excellent anti-seepage effect. Furthermore, under unconventional environmental conditions and long-term performance tests, the 10% CMC-modified bentonite shows improved
stability compared to the unmodified bentonite. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study provides support for the utilization of CMC-modified bentonite in anti-seepage engineering and hydraulic engineering applications.
Titanium-coated high-density Fe2O3 single crystal nanowire array for solar water splitting
Authors: Mahmud Md Sultan , Gu Shaojie , Yoon Sungmin , Kimura Yasuhiro , Toku Yuhki , Ju Yang
Published: March 2024

Fe2O3 holds promising n-type semiconductor material in the field of solar water splitting due to its excellent photocatalytic properties. However, the photoelectrochemical performance of Fe2O3 is limited by its inherent properties such
as poor conductivity, and charge separation efficiency owing to its recombination rate. Therefore, researchers are more focused on nanostructuring, doping, and surface coating to overcome these issues of Fe2O3. In this study, we have investigated a low-cost way to fabricate
a Ti coating layer on a high-density Fe2O3 single-crystal nanowire array for solar water splitting. Firstly, we have prepared a high-density single-crystal Fe2O3 nanowire array at lower temperatures by a new approach stress-induced atomic diffusion
method. Thereafter, the prepared nanowire array was coated by Ti film using RF sputtering. The optimal film thickness of 13 nm titanium coatings layer into Fe2O3 single crystal nanowire array exhibited a high photocurrent density of 1.36 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus
RHE and solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency (STH) of 1.67%, which could be resulting from adjusted optoelectronic properties of the nanowires.
Strategies for Generating Deliberately Emergent Qualitative Research Designs
Authors: Cloutier Charlotte
Published: March 2024

In carrying out research, qualitative scholars routinely struggle with having to navigate between planned and emergent research design strategies. Pressure from funders and gatekeepers to plan research can be high, but too much planning can interfere with the ethos of discovery that characterizes inductive qualitative research. On the other hand, study designs that are overly emergent present their own array of risks. In this essay, I argue for the integration of planned and emergent approaches to qualitative research design. I outline strategies for making planned research designs more reflexive and emergent, and strategies for making emergent research designs more directive and planned. I present two competencies—conceptual nimbleness and methodological reflexivity—that can be helpful for designing studies in this way and discuss how these deliberately emergent designs should be reported, with a view to enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of qualitative research methods more generally.
Impact of sarcopenia on outcomes of bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Fanyi , Wu Jiacheng
Published: March 2024

Objective

To provide synthesized evidence on the association between sarcopenia and risk of mortality, recurrence and postoperative complications in patients with bladder cancer and undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).

Methods

Only studies with observational design that investigated the association between sarcopenia and outcomes of interest among patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC were included. The outcomes of interest were mortality, recurrence, and postoperative complications. The systematic search was conducted using three large databases, that is, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. A random effects model was used for the analysis and pooled effect sizes were reported as odds ratio (OR) or hazards ratio (HR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 21 studies with 4997 patients were included. Compared to non-sarcopenic subjects, those with sarcopenia had increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.61), cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.49, 2.03) and a lower recurrence free survival (HR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.62). Patients with sarcopenia also had higher risk of developing complications within 90 days postoperatively (OR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.55).

Conclusion

Sarcopenia among patients with bladder cancer and managed using RC is associated with adverse survival outcomes and an increased risk of postoperative complications.
The Importance of Social Support for Individuals on Specialized Probation: A Gender Comparison of Relapse and Revocation
Authors: Alarid Leanne Fiftal , Matz Adam K.
Published: March 2024

Informed by social support theory, this study examined gender differences of revocation and relapse of 526 probationers diagnosed with a substance use disorder, mental health disorder, or co-occurring disorder who were court-ordered for treatment. Within 18 months of starting probation, 51% of men and 56% of women were revoked. Although not statistically significant, the relapse rate was 34% for women and 26% for men. Significant predictors of revocation were similar across gender with a lack of family support being the strongest predictor for both groups, though notably stronger for women. Family support was a significant predictor of relapse for women but not for men. Inpatient treatment of at least 180 days had the greatest effect in reducing relapse and revocation for women. Treatment dosage of at least 90 days had modest effects in reducing men’s revocation, but the treatment effect was less pronounced for men’s relapse rates.
Black Students’ Mental Help-Seeking Processes During College Matriculation
Authors: Ball Paris J. , Scott Edward D. , Latimer A’zure , Jones Martinque , Leath Seanna
Published: March 2024

The present study examined how Black students' pre-college beliefs and perceptions of mental health services were linked to their help-seeking behaviors, both within and beyond college counseling services. Using semi-structured interview data and consensual qualitative research methods (CQR), we examined the experiences of 48 Black college women and men (ages 18 -22) sampled from two universities. We identified the following four themes: (a) pre-college experiences shape mental health knowledge (MHK); (b) college adjustment challenges as a precursor to seeking treatment; (c) negative perceptions of college counseling services; and (d) campus community mental health support. Upon seeking counseling services, many students reported encountering a lack of diversity in counseling staff and cultural mistrust. Thus, they indicated opting to seek mental health support in campus community spaces curated by Black student organizations and administrators. Overall, our findings suggest Black students engage in various alternative campus community spaces to support their mental health. We conclude by discussing the need for de- liberate and specialized mental health support for Black students.
Design of all feasible output feedback controllers for robust output tracking of Boolean control networks
Authors: Deng Lei , Fu Shihua , Cao Xiujun , Zhang Fengxia
Published: March 2024

This paper devotes to the design of all feasible output feedback controllers for the robust output tracking of Boolean control networks with disturbances (DBCNs). First, the output feedback–based robust control invariant set (RCIS) is defined, and a calculation method to find all output feedback–based RCISs of a given set is derived via the truth matrix technique. Second, a class of complete family of robust reachable sets (CFRRSs) is developed; the solvability of robust output tracking problem by output feedback control is verified. Furthermore, a constructive algorithm of all feasible output feedback controllers is presented. Finally, the study of a network about Escherichia coli lactose operon shows the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
The Impact of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation on Secondary Health Outcomes
Authors: Freeman Cecilia G. , Durgham Ryan , Ren Emily , Conti Keith R. , Yeakel Heather , Fan Timothy , Brown David M. , Ohlstein Jason F. , Keeler Jarrod A.
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that can increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is an alternative therapy for OSA in patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure. Understanding the impact of HGNS on blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C (A1C), and body mass index (BMI) currently remains limited. Methods: A retrospective review study of HGNS outcomes at a single practice from January 2020 to November 2022 was conducted. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were based on HGNS eligibility and postoperative titration study. Statistical analysis and data management were performed using statistical software, R (v.4.2.1; R Core Team). Paired Student’s T test, Fisher’s exact test, and McNemar’s exact test were utilized for statistical analysis. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty-three patients were included in this study. A significant decrease in mean apnea-hypopnea index was noted following HGNS (mean change −28; P < .0001). Similar significant decreases were also seen in mean arterial pressures (mean change −8.4, P < .0001). There was a significant change in overall antihypertensive medication requirements and in requirements ≥3 medications ( P < .0005, P = .03). There was a trend toward reduction in A1C; however, there was no change in BMI or number of diabetes medications taken. Conclusions: Our results reinforce previous findings that HGNS is an effective treatment option for carefully selected patients with OSA. In addition, our findings suggest that HGNS may improve patients’ quality of life while minimizing OSA associated morbidity.
A Scientific Method for Startups
Authors: Felin Teppo , Gambardella Alfonso , Novelli Elena , Zenger Todd
Published: March 2024

Recent scholarship has sought to develop a “scientific method” for startups. In this paper we contrast two approaches: lean startup and the theory-based view of startups. The lean startup movement has served an important function in calling for a normative and scientific approach to startups and venture creation. The theory-based view shares this agenda. But there are differences in the underlying theoretical mechanisms and practical prescriptions suggested by each approach. We highlight these differences and their implications for both research and practice. For example, we contrast lean startup’s emphasis on bounded rationality and entrepreneur–customer information asymmetry with the theory-based view’s emphasis on generative rationality and belief asymmetry. The theory-based view focuses on contrarian beliefs, associated problem formulation, and the development of a startup-specific causal logic for experimentation, resource acquisition, and problem solving. The right mix of entrepreneurial actions is contingent and startup-specific—guided by a startup’s unique theory. After pointing out differences between the lean and theory-based view of startups, we discuss opportunities for partial reconciliation, as well as opportunities for empirically comparing perspectives. Overall, we emphasize that a scientific method for startups needs to recognize the importance of contingent, discriminating alignment between entrepreneurial theories and the actions they prescribe (including different types of experimentation and validation, search, and forms of organization).
Legitimacy spillovers and hybrid rhetoric in crowdfunded microloans
Authors: Bort James , Moss Todd W , Renko Maija
Published: March 2024

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) operate in diverse institutional contexts and serve as the backbone for microenterprises typically excluded from traditional financial markets. At the same time, MFIs and the microenterprises they support solve tangible social problems, such as alleviating hunger, lifting people out of poverty and creating more sustainable communities. When appealing for resources, MFIs work with microenterprises to create rhetoric that communicates both the financial needs and the social good that supporting them can do. Building on previous research concerning the hybrid rhetoric of microenterprises and the literature rooted in organisational legitimacy, we take a multi-level approach and assess whether country stability and MFI financial performance influence the hybrid rhetoric of microenterprises.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for upper extremity motor dysfunction in poststroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Xian , Zhang Nan , Shen Zhiyuan , Guo Xin , Xing Jun , Tian Shujuan , Xing Yuan
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in poststroke patients with upper extremity motor dysfunction using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources

We searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of both active and sham stimulation up until January 27, 2024.

Review Methods

Efficacy, including the upper extremity Fugl–Meyer Assessment, Action Research Arm Test, Barthel Index, and safety, were assessed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Forty-four studies with 1555 participants were included. Transcranial direct current stimulation proved effective in improving upper extremity motor function (standardized mean difference = 0.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.32, P < 0.001) and Barthel Index (mean difference = 4.65, 95% confidence interval: 2.82–6.49, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed the highest transcranial direct current stimulation efficacy in patients with subacute stroke. Both anodal and cathodal stimulation were effective against upper extremity motor dysfunction. C3/C4 was the most effective stimulus target. Optimal stimulation parameters included stimulus current densities <0.057 mA/cm2 for 20–30 min and <30 sessions. Adverse effects and dropouts during follow-up showed that transcranial direct current stimulation is safe and feasible.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that both anodal and cathodal stimulation were significantly effective in subacute stroke patients, particularly when preceding other treatments and when C3/C4 is targeted.
Disentangling Risk Management and Error Management in the Public Sector: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Tangsgaard Emily Rose , Fischer Caroline
Published: March 2024

Public organizations have little tolerance when it comes to risks and errors. At the same time, environmental, technological, and demographic changes call for new ways of doing things to improve public sector performance. Achieving this may involve trial and error. Therefore, there is a need to effectively combine risk management and error management practices. However, the concepts tend to be intermingled and confused, which hinders public managers from deliberately exercising one or the other managerial behavior, or productively combining them. The purpose of this article is to theoretically disentangle risk management from error management. We argue that risk management is a prospective leadership behavior, while error management is a retrospective one. In our theoretical framework, we describe both concepts according to their temporal, behavioral, and normative characteristics. Testable propositions are developed regarding the theorized differences between the two concepts and their associated behaviors, and we discuss ways in which the two concepts can be applied in order to advance future research and, ultimately, improve the way public organizations respond to risks and errors.
A Tale of Two Femocrats: Brokering Gender Norms in Addis Ababa
Authors: Tornius Karmen
Published: March 2024

This article examines the evolution of gender governance in national and regional contexts in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia and home of the African Union secretariat, by juxtaposing the life histories of two women. One was an Officer at the Women’s Unit of the Organization of African Unity (later the African Union) and the other the first State Minister of Women’s Affairs in the Ethiopian government. Introducing political biographies as a vehicle through which individual actors in normative processes can be analysed, the article conceptualises their roles and political work through the notion of norm brokers. Informed by discussions in constructivist international relations, anthropology and global histories, I demonstrate that femocrats as norm brokers use their position in a network of state actors, donors and civil society to facilitate the success of policy networks and norm entrepreneurs. The article argues that, unlike norm entrepreneurs, norm brokers enable normative negotiation and change ‘behind the scenes’.

Un conte de deux fémocrates : le brokering des normes de genre à Addis Abeba
Using Polygenic Scores for Circadian Rhythms to Predict Wellbeing, Depressive Symptoms, Chronotype, and Health
Authors: Landvreugd Anne , Pool René , Nivard Michel G. , Bartels Meike
Published: March 2024

The association between circadian rhythms and diseases has been well established, while the association with mental health is less explored. Given the heritable nature of circadian rhythms, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between genes underlying circadian rhythms and mental health outcomes, as well as a possible gene-environment correlation for circadian rhythms. Polygenic scores (PGSs) represent the genetic predisposition to develop a certain trait or disease. In a sample from the Netherlands Twin Register ( N = 14,021), PGSs were calculated for two circadian rhythm measures: morningness and relative amplitude (RA). The PGSs were used to predict mental health outcomes such as subjective happiness, quality of life, and depressive symptoms. In addition, we performed the same prediction analysis in a within-family design in a subset of dizygotic twins. The PGS for morningness significantly predicted morningness ( R2 = 1.55%) and depressive symptoms ( R2 = 0.22%). The PGS for RA significantly predicted general health ( R2 = 0.12%) and depressive symptoms ( R2 = 0.20%). Item analysis of the depressive symptoms showed that 4 out of 14 items were significantly associated with the PGSs. Overall, the results showed that people with a genetic predisposition of being a morning person or with a high RA are likely to have fewer depressive symptoms. The four associated depressive symptoms described symptoms related to decision-making, energy, and feeling worthless or inferior, rather than sleep. Based on our findings future research should include a substantial role for circadian rhythms in depression research and should further explore the gene-environment correlation in circadian rhythms.
Effect of Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, Sleep Quality, and Lactation in Postpartum Primiparous Women After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kiliçli ID Ayşegül , Zeyneloglu ID Simge
Published: March 2024

Background:

Mothers commonly experience pain, fatigue, sleep disruption, and breastfeeding problems after cesarean delivery. To date, no follow-up study has examined all of these variables to evaluate the utility of reflexology in reducing these problems and supporting breastfeeding.

Research Aim:

This study aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology performed in the postpartum period on pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and lactation in primiparous women who underwent cesarean delivery.

Methods:

This is a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Data were collected between January 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, with a sample of 80 women who were randomly assigned to the reflexology ( n = 40) and control ( n = 40) groups. The reflexology group received 40 minutes of foot reflexology once a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and breastfeeding efficacy.

Results:

Pain scores in the reflexology group decreased by 90.9% in week 1, 90.2% in week 2, and 59.8% in week 3 compared to the control group. Pain resolved at week 4 in the reflexology group and week 7 in the control group. The reflexology group showed a 36.9% decrease in fatigue level, a 48.0% increase in energy level, a 70.7% increase in sleep quality, and a 20.2% increase in breastfeeding efficacy compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Foot reflexology reduces postpartum symptoms and positively affects breastfeeding and can be used safely in postnatal care practices.
Financial Literacy of Microentrepreneurs and its Effect on the Business Performance and Innovativeness: Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Kumari Rashika , Sharma V. C. , Adnan Mohd
Published: March 2024

Micro-entrepreneurs are the strategic assets of the nation, given their mammoth share in maintaining the socio-economic equilibrium and inclusive growth of the economy. Despite their contribution to India’s economy, they are still confronted with several on-ground hurdles, such as inadequate financial literacy among entrepreneurs, inaccessibility to affordable credit, financial mismanagement and lack of innovation. The extant literature has revealed that financial illiteracy and lack of innovation have raised pertinent concerns across the world, given the increasing rate of business failures. Nonetheless, the effect of financial literacy on organisational performance and innovativeness remains underexplored and fragmented. This study aims to examine the effect of financial literacy on the business performance and innovativeness of the micro-entrepreneurs in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) in India. Primary data were gathered from around 302 micro-entrepreneurs registered in Delhi-NCR through self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted through SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicated that financial literacy significantly impacts business performance and innovativeness among micro-entrepreneurs. Therefore, the study advocates wider participation of policymakers, financial service providers and managers in designing tailored strategies aimed to enhance the financial education of micro-entrepreneurs.
Development and validation of a chemiluminescent western blot assay for glanders (Burkholderia mallei) serodetection
Authors: Grause Juanita F. , Elschner Mandy C. , Ledesma Nicholas A. , Murphy Gleeson
Published: March 2024

Glanders, caused by Burkholderia mallei, is a zoonotic disease of equids. Serologic testing for glanders is required by disease-free countries before international movement of equids. The World Organisation for Animal Health Terrestrial Manual recommends the complement fixation test (CFT) for clearance of individual animals for movement, but the CFT is prone to false-positive results. A colorimetric western blot (WB) assay was developed and validated to resolve false-positive CFT results; however, that assay is relatively time-consuming, and the interpretation is subjective. We present here a procedurally similar chemiluminescent WB assay that performs comparably to the validated colorimetric WB assay and offers noticeable benefits of decreased time-to-result and greater ease of interpretation.
New bell plate controlled multi-inertia channel magnetorheological fluid mount wide frequency vibration isolation control study
Authors: Lin Zhihong , Chen Yunxiao , Wu Mingzhong , Zheng Feijie
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a novel type of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) mount designed to achieve wide-frequency vibration isolation for engines. While previous studies have explored vibration isolation using hydraulic mounts, there has been limited research on achieving wideband isolation with MRF mounts. Consequently, this paper presents an innovative MRF mount structure and investigates wideband vibration isolation control for engines. Initially, experiments with a multi-channel MRF damper validate the switchable operation of controllable channels. A novel controllable multi-inertia channel MRF mount system is proposed, aligning the working mode of controllable inertia channels with that of the MRF damper. The lumped parameter method is employed to derive the mathematical model of the MRF mount, and its high and low-frequency dynamic characteristics are thoroughly examined. Subsequently, a real-time multi-island genetic algorithm-optimized controller is developed to investigate wideband vibration isolation within the MRF mount system. The findings indicate that: (1) The MRF mount demonstrates adjustable low-frequency dynamic stiffness and loss angle within the frequency range of f = 0–50 Hz. In the frequency range of f = 50–100 Hz, the mount achieves its lowest dynamic stiffness value, effectively addressing the issue of high-frequency stiffening. (2) The real-time multi-island genetic optimized controller exhibits superior vibration isolation performance compared to traditional sky-hook control and hybrid sky-hook control methods, achieving optimal vibration isolation for the mount.
Theorising Support for Interdisciplinary Early-Career Researchers Using Communicative Genre and ‘Rules of the Game’
Authors: Meier Ninna , Greenhalgh Trish , Hughes Gemma , Papoutsi Chrysanthi
Published: March 2024

Qualitative social scientists working in medical faculties have to meet multiple expectations. On the one hand, they are expected to comply with the philosophical and theoretical expectations of the social sciences. On the other hand, they may also be expected to produce publications which align with biomedical definitions and framings of quality. As interdisciplinary scholars, they must handle (at least) two sets of journal editors, peer reviewers, grant-awarding panels, and conference audiences. In this paper, we extend the current knowledge base on the ‘dual expectations’ challenge by drawing on Orlikowski and Yates’ theoretical concept of communicative genres. A ‘genre’ in this context is a format of communication (e.g. letter, email, academic paper, and conference presentation) aimed at a particular audience, having a particular material form and socio-linguistic style, and governed by both formal requirements and unwritten social rules. Becoming a member of any community of practice involves becoming familiar with its accepted communicative genres and adept in using them. Academic writing, for example, is a craft that is learned through participation in the social process of communicating one’s ideas to one’s peers in journal articles and other formats. In this reflective paper, we show how the concept of a communicative genre can sensitise us to the conflicting and often dissonant expectations and rule systems governing different academic fields. We use this key concept to suggest ways in which the faculty can support early-career researchers to progress in careers which straddle qualitative social science and medical science.
Black Queer Being/Knowing/Feeling: Storytelling of Barriers to Reproductive Healthcare
Authors: Adams Robyn B. , Ellithorpe Morgan E.
Published: March 2024

Anti-Blackness and heteronormativity are the driving forces that determine access to reproductive healthcare and services in the United States, and the rate of Black birthing-related deaths continue to skyrocket. Still, there is a dearth of literature that includes the reproductive experiences of Black birthing people and their interactions with the healthcare system. This current study builds power with 10 Black Queer birthing people (or Partners) by centering on their gestation-based storytelling within discourse about reproduction. By blending these Partners’ self-examination of their lived experiences with gestation with health research, Black feminism, and researcher interpretation of their stories, this study reveals the unparalleled truths of Black Queer reproduction. Six thematic areas within the healthcare system as experienced by Partners are explored. Additionally, through this disruptive approach, this study identifies the lived and material needs that necessitate reproductive justice for all.
Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block in Palatoplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Perioperative Outcomes in Syndromic and Non-Syndromic Children
Authors: Stanek Krystof , Alrayashi Walid , Nussbaum Lisa , Ganske Ingrid M. , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R.
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study compares the impact of surgical site infiltration of local anesthesia alone to surgical site infiltration plus suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block (SMB) in non-syndromic and syndromic children undergoing primary palatoplasty.

Design

Retrospective cohort study of intra- and post-operative outcomes and opioid utilization in children undergoing palatoplasty by a single surgeon.

Setting

Urban, academic, tertiary care children's hospital.

Patients, Participants

Children 24 months or younger undergoing primary palatoplasty were included (n = 102). Exclusion criteria were concurrent painful procedures, history of neonatal abstinence syndrome, and nurse-controlled analgesia (n = 30).

Interventions

All patients received epinephrine-containing local anesthetic infiltrated at the surgical site. Fifty-seven also underwent placement of ultrasound-guided SMB.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Intra-operative opioid requirement, duration of anesthesia, time to wake up, post-operative opioid requirement, hypoxemic episodes, need for respiratory support, FLACC scores, and length of stay.

Results

When controlling for syndromic status and cleft phenotype, SMB was associated with a 57% reduction in intraoperative opioid requirements (95% CI = 15–81%, p = 0.024) but also with a 29% (∼5-min) increase in wake-up time post-surgery (95% CI = 3–50%, p = 0.048). Postoperatively, SMB was linked to a 18% reduction in hospital stay length (95% CI = 2–31%, p = 0.027) and a 88% reduction in opioid requirements within 24 h after surgery (p = 0.006). Desaturations and new respiratory support requirements were unaffected by SMB.

Conclusions

Compared to surgical site infiltration of local anesthetic alone, adding SMB reduces intra- and postoperative narcotic requirements and decreases length of stay. These benefits apply to both syndromic and non-syndromic children. SMB does not meaningfully affect respiratory outcomes.
Posttraumatic glaucoma in southern China: A ten-year retrospective study
Authors: Gong Haijun , Lin Mingkai
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To analyze posttraumatic glaucoma regarding its demographics, presentations, different causes, surgical modalities, and hospitalization burden among patients in southern China.

Methods

This retrospective study investigated all individuals with posttraumatic glaucoma admitted to the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2012 through December 2021.

Results

Out of 2211 cases, 64.82% had closed globe injury (CGI), 28.22% had open globe injury (OGI), and 6.96% had chemical injury (CI). The mean age of all patients was 44.45 ± 19.45 years old. Males (83.36%), rural patients (56.17%), and farmers (27.14%) predominantly had posttraumatic glaucoma. The most common external injury mechanism was blunt objects (37.82%). Compared with the other two groups, the majority of surgical modalities were cataract extraction (27.12%) in the CGI group, combined anterior-posterior surgery (34.79%) in the OGI group, and cyclocryotherapy/cyclophotoagulation (49.1%) in the CI group. The CI group had higher times of hospitalization (3.542 ± 0.242) and hospitalization duration (8.373 ± 0.743 days), whereas the OGI group had more operation expense ($ 1476.729 ± 11.047) and medical consumables expense per head ($ 962.578 ± 25.801).

Conclusion

Blunt injury, males, adults, farmers, and rural patients were high-risk factors for posttraumatic glaucoma. Chemical-induced glaucoma management requires a longer hospitalization period, while OGI requires more medical expenditure. This knowledge provides a new reference for clinicians to accurately diagnose and intervene in posttraumatic glaucoma. It also suggests that more education and long-term surveillance are needed regarding the presence of glaucoma after ocular trauma.
A glimpse inside: Examining loob from the life stories of center-based Filipino children in conflict with the law
Authors: Banzon-Librojo Lorelie Ann
Published: March 2024

This study is a reexamination of the life stories of 10 male, center-based, Filipino children in conflict with the law (CICL) focusing on the most prominent descriptions of their loob or inner self before entering the youth rehabilitation center, during their commitment at the center, and after they leave the center. Participants were 18–22 years old during the interviews but were charged with committing an offense as minors. An adapted life story interview guide was used to conduct in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the CICL which elicited stories of their past, present, and future. REC-approved protocols and research guidelines for juvenile justice populations were followed in gathering data. Thematic analysis showed that almost all the CICL had sama ng loob or resentments in the past, experienced pagbabagong-loob or a sense of renewal in the present, and expressed their desire to make up by giving back to others in the future because of their utang na loob or sense of gratitude to those who have helped them. The development of the inner self of the CICL from past to present to the future can be described as Nagibâ-Nabubuo-Babawi or Collapsed-Taking Shape-Giving Back. Findings of the study provide a glimpse of the inner self of the CICL from their perspective. It highlights the dynamic movement of the CICL’s inner self which has implications for prevention, intervention, and rehabilitation efforts in relation to youth offending.
How country of origin and stimuli language influence visual word recognition in bilingual children
Authors: Incera Sara , Hevia-Tuero Carmen , Martín Inés E. , Suárez-Coalla Paz
Published: March 2024

Aims and objectives:

We used mouse tracking to determine how country of origin and stimuli language influence visual word recognition in bilingual children.

Methodology:

Children attending bilingual schools in Spain and the USA completed a lexical decision task in English. The task included real English words (e.g., true), and pseudohomophones following Spanish (e.g., tru) and English (e.g., troo) orthographical rules.

Data and analysis:

Bilingual children from both countries performed worse when responding to English pseudohomophones (within-language interference) than Spanish pseudohomophones (between-language interference).

Findings/conclusions:

The children from the USA outperformed the children from Spain in almost every measure. Interestingly, their mouse trajectories followed a different pattern.

Originality:

When responding to pseudohomophones, children from the USA showed a pronounced initial deviation toward the incorrect response (likely due to a strong activation of the phonology of the real English word) followed by a very effective corrective movement (likely due to an orthographic verification mechanism).

Significance:

Mouse tracking provides novel insights regarding language activation in bilingual readers.
Data-driven analysis of surface roughness influence on weld quality and defect formation in laser welding of Cu–Al
Authors: Norouzian Mohammadhossein , Amne Elahi Mahdi , Koch Marcus , Zaeem Reza Mahin , Kedziora Slawomir
Published: March 2024

The laser welding of Cu–Al alloys for battery applications in the automotive industry presents significant challenges due to the high reflectivity of copper. Inadequate bonding and low mechanical strength may occur when the laser radiation is directed toward the copper side in an overlap configuration welding. To tackle these challenges, a laser surface treatment technique is implemented to enhance the absorption characteristics and overcome the reflective nature of the copper material. However, elevating the surface roughness and heat-energy input over threshold values leads to heightened temperature and extreme weld. This phenomenon escalates the formation of detrimental intermetallic compounds (IMC), creating defects like cracks and porosity. Metallurgical analysis, which is time-consuming and expensive, is usually used in studies to detect these phases and defects. However, to comprehensively evaluate the weld quality and discern the impact of surface structure, adopting a more innovative approach that replaces conventional cross-sectional metallography is essential. This article proposes a model based on the image feature extraction of the welds to study the effect of the laser-based structure and the other laser parameters. It can detect defects and identify the weld quality by weld classification. However, due to the complexity of the photo features, the system requires image processing and a convolutional neural network (CNN). Results show that the predictive model based on trained data can detect different weld categories and recognize unstable welds. The project aims to use a monitoring model to guarantee optimized and high-quality weld series production. To achieve this, a deeper study of the parameters and the microstructure of the weld is utilized, and the CNN model analyzes the features of 1310 pieces of weld photos with different weld parameters.
Bending stresses in straight bars with a transverse centre hole: A case of beneficial notch effect?
Authors: Dragoni Eugenio
Published: March 2024

The article investigates by finite elements the bending stresses around a centre transverse circular hole in straight bars with rectangular or circular cross-section. Four loading conditions are considered, pure bending and three variants of three-point bending (load concentrated on the bar surface above the hole, load directly applied to the hole as uniform pressure, load applied to the hole through a connecting pin). Mostly, the hole diameter is one-third of the section height and one-twentieth of the beam length. Holes of one-fourth and one half of the section on several beam lengths are also investigated for the flat bar in three-point bending to appraise the sensitivity to aspect ratios. The results show that, in all cases, the notch effect is mildly detrimental to the stress distribution and can even be beneficial in comparison with the unperforated bar. This is because the hole increases the stresses around the neutral axis, where the stresses are naturally low, thus taking away stresses from the surface where the bending stresses are naturally highest. The design of pivoted flexural machine elements like levers, yokes and balance arms can take advantage from this evidence.
Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Psychosexual Intervention for Couples Post-allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Pillay Brindha , Ritchie David , Panek-Hudson Yvonne , Jefford Michael , Garcia Teresa , Shields Cassandra , Gniel Jo , Phipps-Nelson Jo , Drosdowsky Allison , Ellen Steve , Ftanou Maria
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can have a long-term impact on patients’ sexual functioning and consequently, their relationship satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a 5-session psychosexual intervention for HSCT survivors and their partners.

Methods:

To be eligible patients were required to be more than 3 months post-allogeneic HSCT. The intervention comprised 2 components: (1) A psychosexual education session exploring medical/behavioral treatment options for sexual dysfunction, delivered by a specialist nurse; (2) A 4-session Emotionally-Focused Therapy-based relationship education program for couples delivered by a clinical psychologist. Measures assessing relationship quality, sexual functioning, anxiety, and depression were administered pre- and post-intervention. Feasibility was measured via participation rate, adherence and compliance with completing main measures. Acceptability of the intervention was assessed via patient/partner satisfaction surveys.

Results:

Eight of 85 (9.4%) eligible patients and their partners participated in the study. Reasons for declining participation included: feeling uncomfortable due to sensitive nature of intervention; did not have any relationship/sexual function issues; and experiencing ongoing medical issues. Six of 8 couples (75%) attended at least 4 intervention sessions and 5 of 8 (62.5%) completed the main study measures post-intervention. Four couples reported that sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction was somewhat or much better post-intervention; 1 reported no change.

Conclusion:

Feasibility criteria were not met, with low enrolment rate, however the intervention was deemed acceptable. Couples who participated adhered to the intervention and considered it beneficial. Further strategies to identify and manage sexual concerns are required.