bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imitations of ancient jade products of the Qing era (1636-1912) in the collections of Russian museums
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: April 2023

Jade products that imitate ancient Chinese art samples are a special kind of objects that, in their form and decor, are close to or likened to more ancient works of arts and crafts. The article explores the artistic form and characteristic features of imitations of ancient jade products of the Qing era, presented in the collections of Russian museums and the Palace Museum of China. The object of the study are objects of Chinese art of jade carving, which are in the collection of the Palace Museum (Beijing), the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) and the State Museum of Oriental Art (Moscow), where the use of imitations of ancient objects was discovered. Artistic analysis of jade imitations allows us to conclude that the works of the Qing era were more complex and diverse in form, decor and carving techniques compared to Han products, while the craftsmen, although they managed to preserve the classical sophistication of objects, lost the severity and solemnity of Han jade. As well as the art history analysis of the works, one can see that the forms and decors of jade objects are the product of aesthetic consciousness. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the varieties and features of imitations of ancient jade during the Qing Dynasty are summarized, and the huohuan technique in jade processing is confirmed. This may be of interest to researchers in related scientific fields.
Condensation of LINE-1 is critical for retrotransposition
Authors: Sil Srinjoy , Keegan Sarah , Ettefa Farida , Denes Lance T , Boeke Jef D , Holt Liam J
Published: April 2023

LINE-1 (L1) is the only autonomously active retrotransposon in the human genome, and accounts for 17% of the human genome. The L1 mRNA encodes two proteins, ORF1p and ORF2p, both essential for retrotransposition. ORF2p has reverse transcriptase and endonuclease activities, while ORF1p is a homotrimeric RNA-binding protein with poorly understood function. Here, we show that condensation of ORF1p is critical for L1 retrotransposition. Using a combination of biochemical reconstitution and live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that electrostatic interactions and trimer conformational dynamics together tune the properties of ORF1p assemblies to allow for efficient L1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex formation in cells. Furthermore, we relate the dynamics of ORF1p assembly and RNP condensate material properties to the ability to complete the entire retrotransposon life-cycle. Mutations that prevented ORF1p condensation led to loss of retrotransposition activity, while orthogonal restoration of coiled-coil conformational flexibility rescued both condensation and retrotransposition. Based on these observations, we propose that dynamic ORF1p oligomerization on L1 RNA drives the formation of an L1 RNP condensate that is essential for retrotransposition.
Antagonistic role of the BTB-zinc finger transcription factors Chinmo and Broad-Complex in the juvenile/pupal transition and in growth control
Authors: Chafino Sílvia , Giannios Panagiotis , Casanova Jordi , Martín David , Franch-Marro Xavier
Published: April 2023

During development, the growing organism transits through a series of temporally regulated morphological stages to generate the adult form. In humans, for example, development progresses from childhood through to puberty and then to adulthood, when sexual maturity is attained. Similarly, in holometabolous insects, immature juveniles transit to the adult form through an intermediate pupal stage when larval tissues are eliminated and the imaginal progenitor cells form the adult structures. The identity of the larval, pupal, and adult stages depends on the sequential expression of the transcription factors chinmo, Br-C, and E93. However, how these transcription factors determine temporal identity in developing tissues is poorly understood. Here, we report on the role of the larval specifier chinmo in larval and adult progenitor cells during fly development. Interestingly, chinmo promotes growth in larval and imaginal tissues in a Br-C-independent and -dependent manner, respectively. In addition, we found that the absence of chinmo during metamorphosis is critical for proper adult differentiation. Importantly, we also provide evidence that, in contrast to the well-known role of chinmo as a pro-oncogene, Br-C and E93 act as tumour suppressors. Finally, we reveal that the function of chinmo as a juvenile specifier is conserved in hemimetabolous insects as its homolog has a similar role in Blatella germanica. Taken together, our results suggest that the sequential expression of the transcription factors Chinmo, Br-C and E93 during larva, pupa an adult respectively, coordinate the formation of the different organs that constitute the adult organism.
Life from bad smells
Authors: Stiller-Reeve Mathew , Rosnes Erling , Eiliertsen Mari , Ramalho Sofia , Poddevin Victor , Panieri Giuliana
Published: April 2023

Focus:

To understand that hydrogen sulphide indicates that there is life at the bottom of the deep-sea.

Learning objectives:

With this activity, we create a nasty smell similar to hydrogen sulphide from rotting organic matter. We use that smell as a foundation for a discussion/lesson on interesting life, animals and food webs from the deep sea floor.

Key words:

Deep-sea, hydrogen sulphide, chemosynthesis, nematodes, tube worms, food webs.
Where is the (ancient) ocean floor?
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita , Panieri Giuliana
Published: April 2023

Focus:

To understand that that the ocean floor is dynamic and changes through time. Sometimes it’s far away, and sometimes much closer than we think. But where is the ocean floor?

Learning objectives:

In this activity, pupils will understand that we can find ancient ocean floors on land because of tectonic activity. NB: This will require prior planning and may not be possible if your school is too far from such tectonic formations.

Key words:

Sedimentation, sedimentary rocks, tectonics, Earth history.
Under pressure
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita , Panieri Giuliana
Published: April 2023

Focus:

To understand and feel how water pressure changes with depth.

Learning objectives:

In this activity, pupils will recognize the relationship between water depth and pressure. Pupils will be able to reflect on how lifeforms in the deep sea might be affected by the high water pressures in their ecosystems.

Key words:

Depth, weight, pressure.
Ocean floor diorama
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita , Zimmermann Heike Jane , Panieri Giuliana
Published: April 2023

Focus:
To consolidate pupils' learning about the ocean floor in a creative and fun way. Through creating a diorama, the pupils will think about what the ocean floor looks like and what species live there.
Learning objectives:
In this activity, pupils will design, classify, and find a place for all the elements and characters that compose the ocean floor and biodiversity that they have learnt about in class.
Effects of Royal Jelly Supplementation on Dry Mouth Sensation in Patients with Normal Saliva Function: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Mochizuki Yumi , Tushima Fumihiko , Kabasawa Yuji , Harada Hiroyuki
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In several cases, dry mouth sensation with normal salivary function is not diagnosed as an abnormality and this condition has no standardised treatments. Moreover, it is significantly associated with psychological disorders such as depression, trait anxiety and perceived stress. Based on recent studies, daily oral royal jelly supplementation (1000 mg) for eight weeks has beneficial effects on menopausal symptoms such as anxiety. However, there are no studies on the effects of royal jelly supplementation on dry mouth sensation in patients with normal salivary function. Further, only few clinical trials have long-term follow-up greater than eight weeks. Aim: To evaluate the effects of royal jelly tablets on dry mouth sensation in patients with normal salivary function. Materials and Methods: This randomised, double-blind, crossover clinical trial included 15 adults with an unstimulated salivary flow of >0.1 mL/min who had a chief complaint of dry mouth sensation and those without any salivary gland disease. This study was performed at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, between November 2019 and April 2020. The royal jelly tablet contained 400 mg of enzyme-treated royal jelly powder and each participant received either two tablets of enzyme-treated royal jelly (800 mg) or placebo daily for 12 weeks. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate objective dry mouth sensation and the Japanese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) were applied to assess psychological status and social dysfunction. The differences in VAS, HADS and GHQ-12 scores over time between the enzyme-treated royal jelly and placebo groups were analysed using repeated-measure analysis of variance and the post-hoc paired t-test. Results: The 4- and 12-week VAS scores between the enzymetreated royal jelly and placebo groups significantly differed (p-value=0.041 and 0.043, respectively). The 12-week HADS and GHQ-12 scores between the enzyme-treated royal jelly tablet and placebo groups differed significantly (p-value=0.040 and 0.046, respectively). Moreover, the HADS scores of the enzyme-treated royal jelly tablet group significantly decreased. Conclusion: Daily supplementation with enzyme-treated royal jelly (800 mg) for 12 weeks was effective against dry mouth sensation in patients with normal saliva function.
Chances and Challenges of Mobile Health in Public Health Dentistry
Authors: Purushothaman Athira , Shenoy Rekha P , Mohammad Imran Pasha , . Junaid , Amanna Supriya
Published: April 2023

The future of healthcare delivery keeps evolving and mobile phone technology may have a huge role to play. Mobile health (mHealth) is a facet of Electronic Health (eHealth) that involves the use of mobile phones and other wireless devices in medical practice. The effectiveness of mHealth has been proven in different studies as well as in different aspects of medicine and dentistry. Text messaging has made significant progress in delivering health education for maintaining oral hygiene, especially for orthodontic patients as well as tobacco cessation counseling. Mobile phone applications incorporate various features like gaming, audio, and video messages to engage smokers in several behavioural change strategies. Mobile health technology has made an immense contribution to contact tracing, screening, and tele-consultation during the Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandaemic. Given that mHealth is a low cost, easily accessible, and widely available means of communication, it has the potential to play a significant role in public health dentistry.
Implementasi Perancangan Eksperimen untuk Mengurangi Kecacatan di Proses Injection Molding P.T. X
Authors: Wahjudi Didik , Roynaldo Roynaldo
Published: April 2023

Sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi plastik menggunakan mesin injection molding di Sidoarjo. Beberapa produk yang dihasilkan adalah ember, pot, bola biopori, dan baskom. Pada proses produksinya, perusahaan tersebut sering mengalami kendala banyaknya jumlah produk yang cacat karena tidak memiliki pengaturan mesin yang tepat untuk produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengaturan mesin yang tepat agar jumlah produk yang cacat dapat berkurang dan meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan. Dari diskusi dengan pengelola perusahaan, beberapa faktor yang diduga berpengaruh adalah temperatur nozzle (TNozzle), temperatur leleh plastik sebelum memasuki nozzle (T1), temperatur di tengah barrel (T2), temperatur ketika biji plastik keluar dari hopper (T3), tekanan injeksi, dan tekanan clamping. Rancangan eksperimen 26-2 dengan dua replikasi dipilih karena keterbatasan sumberdaya yang tersedia untuk menerapkan rancangan faktorial penuh. Dari hasil ANOVA didapatkan bahwa faktor T1, T3, dan interaksi T1-T2 paling berpengaruh terhadap kecacatan produk. Pengaturan TNozzle pada 230°𝐶, T1 pada 215°𝐶, T2 pada 190°𝐶, T3 pada 185°𝐶, tekanan injeksi 90%, dan tekanan clamping 115 bar terbukti dapat mengurangi jumlah produk cacat secara signifikan.
In Situ Halide Insertion for Efficient and Stable Pure‐Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Jie , Ren Zhenwei , Xia Wenlin , Luo Chengzhao , Zheng Zhishuai , Ma Wenchen , Ji Huifeng , Chen Yu
Published: April 2023

Substantial efforts have been made in boosting the performance of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, there is still a tough challenge to achieve efficient and stable pure‐red PeLEDs with bromide‐iodine mixed quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskite due to the unexpected halide migration under device operation. Here, the strategy of in‐situ halide insertion is proposed by dynamically treating quasi‐2D perovskite film with dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), which simultaneously suppresses the vacancy‐induced halide migration, inhibits the nonradiative recombination, and enlarges the perovskite bandgap for stable and efficient pure‐red emission. Meanwhile, a strong Coulombic force between DDAB and the perovskite is formed, which further anchors the halide for the suppression of halide migration. The merits of DDAB‐incorporated perovskites enable over 3‐fold enhancement in PeLED external quantum efficiency (EQE) from 2.25 to 8.16%. Furthermore, highly‐performed bromide‐iodine mixed pure‐red PeLEDs have been reported with a CIE coordinate of (0.707, 0.289), closely approaching the display standard Rec. 2020 (0.708, 0.292). More importantly, good operational and spectral stabilities without any shift of the electroluminescence (EL) spectra during operation have also been observed. Consequently, this work provides a feasible and effective approach for efficient and stable pure‐red PeLEDs.
Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Solar Cells without Cracks under 40% Strain
Authors: Lee Seungbok , Jeon Yeonjee , Lee Sang Yeon , Ma Boo Soo , Song Myoung , Jeong Dahyun , Jo Jihwan , Kim Geon‐U , Lee Jinho , Kim Taek‐Soo , Kim Bumjoon J. , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: April 2023

Intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS‐OSCs) have been recently spotlighted for their omnidirectional stretchability, seamless integrability to any surface, and facile fabrication. Due to these attributes, IS‐OSCs are ideal off‐grid power sources, especially for wearable electronics in real‐life. However, under human body elongation as high as ≈40%, cracks in IS‐OSCs are considered inevitable, and the origin of the mechanical failure is rarely identified. Herein, the crack‐initiation and the propagation mechanism are first clarified. Based on this, a crack‐free substrate/transparent electrode platform for stretchable electronics is also suggested. A double‐locking scheme, which reinforces the physical/chemical adsorption within the most mechanically fragile layer, a poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and also with thermoplastic polyurethane substrate, is introduced. As a result, the crack‐onset strain of double‐locked IS‐OSCs surpasses 40%, while that of pristine ones is less than 20%. The IS‐OSCs with the double‐locked system exhibits an efficient power conversion efficiency of 10.2%, and the absence of cracks allows the IS‐OSCs to maintain 79.7% of the initial PCE at 40% strain.
Characterizing each step of pollination in Phlox drummondii reveals that a single butterfly species predominates in the pollinator assemblage
Authors: Burgin Grace A. , Bronzo‐Munich Olivia , Garner Austin G. , Acevedo Izzy A. , Hopkins Robin
Published: April 2023

Premise

A central goal of pollination biology is to connect plants with the identity of their pollinator(s). While predictions based on floral syndrome traits are extremely useful, direct observation can reveal further details of a species' pollination biology. The wildflower Phlox drummondii has a floral syndrome consistent with pollination by Lepidoptera. We tested this prediction using empirical data.

Methods

We observed each step of pollination in P. drummondii. First, we observed 55.5 h of floral visitation across the species range. We used temporal pollinator exclusion to determine the contribution of diurnal and nocturnal pollination to reproductive output. We then quantified P. drummondii pollen transfer by the dominant floral visitor, Battus philenor. Finally, we tested the effect of B. philenor visitation on P. drummondii reproduction by quantifying fruit set following single pollinator visits.

Results

Battus philenor is the primary pollinator of P. drummondii. Pollination is largely diurnal, and we observed a variety of lepidopteran visitors during the diurnal period. However, B. philenor was the most frequent visitor, representing 88.5% of all observed visits. Our results show that B. philenor is an extremely common visitor and also an effective pollinator by demonstrating that individuals transfer pollen between flowers and that a single visit can elicit fruit set.

Conclusions

Our data are consistent with the prediction of lepidopteran pollination and further reveal a single butterfly species, B. philenor, as the primary pollinator. Our study demonstrates the importance of empirical pollinator observations, adds to our understanding of pollination mechanics, and offers a specific case study of butterfly pollination.
An algorithm for quantitatively estimating occupational endotoxin exposure in the biomarkers of exposure and effect in agriculture study: II. Application to the study population
Authors: Friesen Melissa C. , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Locke Sarah J. , Josse Pabitra R. , Xie Shuai , Viet Susan Marie , Sauvé Jean‐François , Andreotti Gabriella , Thorne Peter S. , Hofmann Jonathan N.
Published: April 2023

Background

We developed an algorithm to quantitatively estimate endotoxin exposure for farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study.

Methods

The algorithm combined task intensity estimates derived from published data with questionnaire responses on activity duration to estimate task‐specific cumulative endotoxin exposures for 13 tasks during four time windows, ranging from “past 12 months” to “yesterday/today.” We applied the algorithm to 1681 participants in Iowa and North Carolina. We examined correlations in endotoxin metrics within‐ and between‐task. We also compared these metrics to prior day full‐shift inhalable endotoxin concentrations from 32 farmers.

Results

The highest median task‐specific cumulative exposures were observed for swine confinement, poultry confinement, and grind feed. Inter‐quartile ranges showed substantial between‐subject variability for most tasks. Time window‐specific metrics of the same task were moderately‐highly correlated. Between‐task correlation was variable, with moderately‐high correlations observed for similar tasks (e.g., between animal‐related tasks). Prior day endotoxin concentration increased with the total metric and with task metrics for swine confinement, clean other animal facilities, and clean grain bins.

Significance

This study provides insight into the variability and sources of endotoxin exposure among farmers in the BEEA study and summarizes exposure estimates for future investigations in this population.
An algorithm for quantitatively estimating occupational endotoxin exposure in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) study: I. Development of task‐specific exposure levels from published data
Authors: Friesen Melissa C. , Xie Shuai , Sauvé Jean‐François , Viet Susan Marie , Josse Pabitra R. , Locke Sarah J. , Hung Felicia , Andreotti Gabriella , Thorne Peter S. , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Beane Freeman Laura E.
Published: April 2023

Background/Objective

Farmers conduct numerous tasks with potential for endotoxin exposure. As a first step to characterize endotoxin exposure for farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study, we used published data to estimate task‐specific endotoxin concentrations.

Methods

We extracted published data on task‐specific, personal, inhalable endotoxin concentrations for agricultural tasks queried in the study questionnaire. The data, usually abstracted as summary measures, were evaluated using meta‐regression models that weighted each geometric mean (GM, natural‐log transformed) by the inverse of its within‐study variance to obtain task‐specific predicted GMs.

Results

We extracted 90 endotoxin summary statistics from 26 studies for 9 animal‐related tasks, 30 summary statistics from 6 studies for 3 crop‐related tasks, and 10 summary statistics from 5 studies for 4 stored grain‐related tasks. Work in poultry and swine confinement facilities, grinding feed, veterinarian services, and cleaning grain bins had predicted GMs > 1000 EU/m3. In contrast, harvesting or hauling grain and other crop‐related tasks had predicted GMs below 100 EU/m3.

Significance

These task‐specific endotoxin GMs demonstrated exposure variability across common agricultural tasks. These estimates will be used in conjunction with questionnaire responses on task duration to quantitatively estimate endotoxin exposure for study participants, described in a companion paper.
Calcific lesions are the last frontier of endovascular therapies
Authors: Cortese Bernardo
Published: April 2023

Key Points

This study brings new important insights on the role of drug‐coated balloons for calcific lesions management in peripheral interventions, being this therapeutic option less performant in longer calcifications, as assessed by PACSS methodology.

The role of intravascular imaging and atherectomy devices, and if these rules can be applied also to coronary arteries is still not understood.

Calcified arteries are the last frontier of endovascular interventions, and ongoing adequately powered studies will hopefully shed light on the best treatment for this complex scenario.
Overlapping rheumatoid meningitis with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case report
Authors: Ide Toshihiro , Kawanami Takeru , Tada Yoshifumi , Eriguchi Makoto
Published: April 2023

A 66‐year‐old woman in treatment for rheumatoid meningitis was found to be positive for anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, and intravenous immunoglobulin improved her psychiatric symptoms. The co‐existence of NMDAR antibodies should be considered in cases of poor response to treatments or atypical symptoms in rheumatoid meningitis.
Bupivacaine and morphine epidural use for refractory neuropathic pain relief in a Guillain–Barré syndrome patient
Authors: Trollip Eudiet , Hawkins Ken , Kwek Isabel , Dewart Krista , Qureshi Mehvash , Senaratne Janek Manoj
Published: April 2023

Pain is common in the acute phase of Guillain–Barré Syndrome and can be severe and refractory. Pain in GBS may not always respond to contemporary pain therapy. An epidural can potentially be considered for the treatment of refractory pain after a careful patient‐centered discussion with the patient about risks.
Incidental finding of a bilateral absence of the superior vena cava
Authors: Al‐Sewaidi Yosef , Smaczny Robert , Ranft Alexander
Published: April 2023

Bilateral absence of the superior vena cava is associated with rhythm and structural abnormalities and is diagnosed incidentally either during imaging procedures or venous catheterization or pacemaker implantation. Knowledge of this entity is important to allow proper referral, medical management of its associated abnormalities, and risk reduction in certain interventions.
Oral mucosal leishmaniasis presenting as a nonhealing chronic oral growth: A case report
Authors: Bajgai Gyan Prasad , Tshering Sangay , Pradhan Birendra , Pradhan Ambika Rani , Yangzom Pema
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical Message

Oral mucosal leishmaniasis is a rare finding posing challenges in the diagnosis and treatment in a nonendemic setting. This disease is present in dental clinics as nonhealing chronic growth. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and death.
Schwannoma (neurilemmoma) of tongue: A rare case presentation and review of literature
Authors: Asadi Mahboobe , Mohseni Malihe , Jahanshahi Fatemeh , Esmaeili Arash , Mohsenifar Zhaleh
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical Message

It seems that schwannomas of the tongue base originate from branches of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, or hypoglossal nerves. Additionally, complete trans‐oral surgical excision is an efficient method to remove them.
Gallbladder containing incisional hernia in an elderly woman
Authors: Thongpiya Jerapas , Yingchoncharoen Pitchaporn , Elmassry Marawan , Tarbox James A. , Abdelnabi Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical Message

Gallbladder herniation is a rare phenomenon with risk factors of being female, older age, and previous history of hernias. Imaging modalities can confirm the diagnosis. Cholecystectomy and hernia repair to prevent strangulation may be warranted.
Coronavirus disease 2019 with Chilaiditi sign
Authors: Tominaga Yoshiteru , Hirayama Ichiro , Nonaka Minaho , Yano Tetsuhiro , Kurihara Kazuto , Ishii Mitsuru
Published: April 2023

In patients with the Chilaiditi sign, pulmonary lower lobes collapse occurs because of interposition of the bowel between diaphragm and liver. When such patients suffer from COVID‐19 pneumonia, clinicians should carefully monitor respiratory status.
Optimizing the Dosing Regimen of Cetuximab and Ramucirumab Using the Model‐Informed Drug Development Paradigm
Authors: Ni Lan , Khan Azhar Zaman , Long Amanda , Gao Ling , Toms Nikki , Gonzalez‐Gugel Elena , Holsmer‐Brand Susan , Lin Yong , Abada Paolo , Dickin Sandra , O'Dea Declan , Wei Ran , Jen Min‐Hua , Aggarwal Himani
Published: April 2023

Model‐informed drug development (MIDD) is a process that integrates drug exposure‐based, biological, and statistical models to enhance the benefit–risk balance in drug development. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) MIDD Paired Meeting Pilot Program provides a platform to apply MIDD approaches to drug development and to seek regulatory feedback in a collaborative and streamlined process prior to submission for approval. Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly) participated in the Pilot Program to seek agency alignment to enhance the initial approved dosing regimens of cetuximab (Erbitux; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) and ramucirumab (Cyramza; Eli Lilly and Company) without conducting additional clinical trials. Here, we describe the overall MIDD strategy at Lilly, the process with the FDA, and the impact of implementing the approach.
Deep learning‐based recognition method of red bed soft rock image
Authors: Yan Bin , Zheng Lining , Wang Xin , Li Qijie
Published: April 2023

In order to improve the investigation efficiency, improve the traditional engineering investigation work mode, realize the intelligent investigation, and improve the economic and social benefits of enterprises, a red soft rock image intelligent analysis and recognition system is proposed based on deep learning methods. The intelligent recognition system includes two core algorithms: soft rock image decomposition and soft rock lithology/weathering degree recognition. The research shows that the identification model of weathering degree and the lithology identification model based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm have a good identification effect, and the identification probability of moderately weathered rock reaches 95.22% and the accuracy of lithology identification is 91.34%. With the increase in training data, the recognition effect will be further improved. The intelligent identification system has been integrated into the WeChat mini programme, App, and Web system, which can be directly applied to field geological survey operations to assist geological workers in the investigation work, and realize the intelligent identification and classification of red bed soft rock.
Sensitivity analysis of the main factors controlling the potential volumetric evaluation of natural gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Tong , Pang Xiongqi , Pu Tingyu , Shi Kanyuan
Published: April 2023

The China Geological Survey successfully completed the second trial of natural gas hydrate (NGH) production in 2020, and the daily gas production and total gas production were greater than those in the first trial, but the evaluation of NGH resources in the South China Sea (SCS) is still in the evaluation stage, specifically for the gas content. In 2021, some scholars used different methods to more accurately evaluate NGHs in the SCS to aid in NGH exploration and evaluation in the SCS; some of them analysed the main factors controlling NGH resources, added several factors to the volume method for optimization, studied the sensitivity of the evaluation of resources to each of the main controlling factors (NGH stability zone area, NGH area coefficient, NGH stability zone thickness, NGH thickness coefficient, NGH reservoir porosity, NGH reservoir saturation, NGH volumetric ratio, NGH resource ratio coefficient and NGH recovery coefficient) and found that the effective thickness coefficient, effective thickness and effective area coefficient are the most sensitive; these values are 23.15%, 15.66%, 13.98%, and 13.95%, respectively, while the other values are 0%, 15.66%, 8.42%, 8.41%, 2.50%, and 13.92%; taking into account the influence of the main controlling factors, the range of the water resource potential evaluation results in the SCS is 2.4 × 107 m3–5.9 × 1014 m3, the modal value is 7.25 × 1011 m3, and the confidence level of the modal ±25% interval is 77.8%; these values provide a higher evaluation accuracy and higher resource level, which is consistent with the current results of NGH research in the SCS. Although the development of NGHs in the SCS is progressing rapidly, basic exploration is relatively scarce, and the number of samples of effective thickness obtained through dozens of exploratory wells is too few. It is recommended that China carry out more exploration and research projects in the Shenhu area and the entire SCS to obtain more accurate thickness data.
Identification of potential selective autophagy receptors from protein‐content profiling of autophagosomes
Authors: Cristiani Alberto , Dutta Arghya , Poveda‐Cuevas Sergio Alejandro , Kern Andreas , Bhaskara Ramachandra M.
Published: April 2023

Selective autophagy receptors (SARs) are central to cellular homeostatic and organellar recycling pathways. Over the last two decades, more than 30 SARs have been discovered and validated using a variety of experimental approaches ranging from cell biology to biochemistry, including high‐throughput imaging and screening methods. Yet, the extent of selective autophagy pathways operating under various cellular contexts, for example, under basal and starvation conditions, remains unresolved. Currently, our knowledge of all known SARs and their associated cargo components is fragmentary and limited by experimental data with varying degrees of resolution. Here, we use classical predictive and modeling approaches to integrate high‐quality autophagosome content profiling data with disparate datasets. We identify a global set of potential SARs and their associated cargo components active under basal autophagy, starvation‐induced, and proteasome‐inhibition conditions. We provide a detailed account of cellular components, biochemical pathways, and molecular processes that are degraded via autophagy. Our analysis yields a catalog of new potential SARs that satisfy the characteristics of bonafide, well‐characterized SARs. We categorize them by the subcellular compartments they emerge from and classify them based on their likely mode of action. Our structural modeling validates a large subset of predicted interactions with the human ATG8 family of proteins and shows characteristic, conserved LC3‐interacting region (LIR)–LIR docking site (LDS) and ubiquitin‐interacting motif (UIM)–UIM docking site (UDS) binding modes. Our analysis also revealed the most abundant cargo molecules targeted by these new SARs. Our findings expand the repertoire of SARs and provide unprecedented details into the global autophagic state of HeLa cells. Taken together, our findings provide motivation for the design of new experiments, testing the role of these novel factors in selective autophagy.
Structure and function of the TPR‐domain immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52 in normal physiology and disease
Authors: Soto Olga B. , Ramirez Christian S. , Koyani Rina , Rodriguez‐Palomares Isela A. , Dirmeyer Jessica R. , Grajeda Brian , Roy Sourav , Cox Marc B.
Published: April 2023

Coordinated cochaperone interactions with Hsp90 and associated client proteins are crucial for a multitude of signaling pathways in normal physiology, as well as in disease settings. Research on the molecular mechanisms regulated by the Hsp90 multiprotein complexes has demonstrated increasingly diverse roles for cochaperones throughout Hsp90‐regulated signaling pathways. Thus, the Hsp90‐associated cochaperones have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets in a wide variety of disease settings. The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)‐domain immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52 are of special interest among the Hsp90‐associated cochaperones given their Hsp90 client protein specificity, ubiquitous expression across tissues, and their increasingly important roles in neuronal signaling, intracellular calcium release, peptide bond isomerization, viral replication, steroid hormone receptor function, and cell proliferation to name a few. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the structure and molecular functions of TPR‐domain immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52, recent findings implicating these immunophilins in disease, and the therapeutic potential of targeting FKBP51 and FKBP52 for the treatment of disease.
DbMADS regulates carotenoid metabolism by repressing two carotenogenic genes in the green alga Dunaliella sp. FACHB‐847
Authors: Liang Ming‐Hua , Xie Shan‐Rong , Chen Hao‐Hong , Jiang Jian‐Guo
Published: April 2023

MADS transcription factors are involved in the regulation of fruit development and carotenoid metabolism in plants. However, whether and how carotenoid accumulation is regulated by algal MADS are largely unknown. In this study, we first used functional complementation to confirm the functional activity of phytoene synthase from the lutein‐rich Dunaliella sp. FACHB‐847 (DbPSY), the key rate‐limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis. Promoters of DbPSY and DbLcyB (lycopene β‐cyclase) possessed multiple cis‐acting elements such as light‐, UV‐B‐, dehydration‐, anaerobic‐, and salt‐responsive elements, W‐box, and C‐A‐rich‐G‐box (MADS‐box). Meanwhile, we isolated one nucleus‐localized MADS transcription factor (DbMADS), belonging to type I MADS gene. Three carotenogenic genes, DbPSY, DbLcyB, and DbBCH (β‐carotene hydroxylase) genes were upregulated at later stages, which was well correlated with the carotenoid accumulation. In contrast, DbMADS gene was highly expressed at lag phase with low carotenoid accumulation. Yeast one‐hybrid assay and dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that DbMADS could directly bind to the promoters of two carotenogenic genes, DbPSY and DbLcyB, and repress their transcriptions. This study suggested that DbMADS may act as a negative regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis by repressing DbPSY and DbLcyB at the lag phase, which provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism in Dunaliella.
Targeting damaged collagen for intra‐articular delivery of therapeutics using collagen hybridizing peptides
Authors: Luke Emma N. , Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket Pahweenvaj , Yu Seungju M. , Weiss Jeffrey A.
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of collagen hybridizing peptides (CHPs), which bind to denatured collagen, to extend the retention time of near‐infrared fluorophores (NIRF) following intra‐articular (IA) injection in rat knee joints. CHPs were synthesized with a NIRF conjugated to the N‐terminus. Male Sprague−Dawley rats were assigned to one of four experimental groups: healthy, CHP; osteoarthritis (OA), CHP; healthy, scrambled‐sequence CHP (sCHP), which has no collagen binding affinity; or OA, sCHP. Animals in the OA groups received an IA injection of monosodium iodoacetate to induce OA. All animals then received the corresponding CHP injection. Animals were imaged repeatedly over 2 weeks using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Joint components were isolated and imaged to determine CHP binding distribution. Safranin‐O and Fast Green histological staining was performed to confirm the development of OA. CHPs were found to be retained within the joint following IA injection in both healthy and OA animals for the full study period. In contrast, sCHP signal was negligible by 24−48 h. CHP signal was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in OA joints when compared to healthy joints. At the 2‐week end point, multiple joint components retained CHPs, including cartilage, meniscus, and synovium. CHPs dramatically extended the retention time of NIRFs following IA injection in healthy and OA knee joints by binding to multiple collagenous tissues in the joint. These results support the pursuit of further research to develop CHP based therapeutics for IA treatment of OA.
Timing and water temperature of drip irrigation regulate cotton growth and yield under film mulching in arid areas of Xinjiang
Authors: Wu Xiaodi , Wang Zhenhua , Guo Li , Liu Jian , Dhital Yam Prasad , Zhu Yan , Song Libing , Wen Yue
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the fiber crop most widely cultivated globally and one of the most important commercial crops in China, irrigation is closely related to the growth of cotton. A water temperature for irrigation that is too low or too high inhibits cotton growth. Poor irrigation timing results in water and nutrient deficiencies that reduce cotton yield. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate irrigation timing and water temperature.

METHOD

We conducted an experiment in an arid region of north‐western China to assess the effects of irrigation timing and water temperature on soil temperature and the photosynthetic characteristics, biomass, total nitrogen (N), and seed cotton yield. Two irrigation times (daytime and nighttime) and four water temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) were combined into eight treatments.

RESULTS

Our results showed that water warming and nighttime irrigation improved the photosynthesis, biomass, N concentration (the proportion of total N weight in the plant biomass, in g kg−1), N content (the mass of total N, in g plant−1), and cotton yield. The optimal water temperature range for photosynthesis was 25.7–28.7 °C. Water warming also boosted the biomass allocation to the stem and increased the N allocation to the stem and leaf. Nighttime irrigation enhanced these phenomena. Water warming also increased the number of bolls per plant but reduced the single boll weight, increasing the seed cotton yield by 5.88–11.46%. At the same water temperature, irrigation during the night increased the number of bolls per plant and the single boll weight, improving the seed cotton yield by 2.95–4.31%. Among them, NI25 (nighttime irrigation with 25 °C water temperature) increased the yield by 14.13–14.90% compared with CK (daytime irrigation with 15 °C water temperature), which offers the best combination for increasing the yield.

CONCLUSION

Our study clarifies the optimal irrigation timing and water temperature for cotton production under drip irrigation with film mulching, providing valuable information for improving the cotton yield in arid areas with temperate continental climate. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Value of Multimodal Ultrasonic Scoring System in the Diagnosis of Carotid Vulnerable Plaque
Authors: Yan Lei , Ruan Qinyun , Ye Xiaojian , Xu Rongquan , Fu Liyun
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

Vulnerable plaques are closely related to ischemic stroke. To investigate the diagnostic value of multimodal plaque vulnerability ultrasound scoring system (PV‐USS) using histopathology as the gold standard.

Methods

A total of 45 subjects who would be underwent carotid endarterectomy were recruited. The postoperative specimens were examined by histopathology. All responsible plaques were scanned dynamically in multiple sections by carotid ultrasound to measure maximum thickness and lumen stenotic degree, as well as, the echo, homogeneity, surface morphology, and echo type were observed. The above two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasonic features were systematically scored, that is, PV‐USS2D. Combined with contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), neovascularization grade in plaque was scored, which is PV‐USS2D+CEUS.

Results

According to the pathological results, 45 subjects were divided into vulnerable plaque group (27 cases, 60%) and non‐vulnerable plaque group (18 cases, 40%). PV‐USS2D and PV‐USS2D+CEUS in vulnerable plaque group were higher than those in non‐vulnerable plaque group (PV‐USS2D: 9.44 ± 2.10 vs 7.22 ± 1.73; PV‐USS2D+CEUS: 12.37 ± 2.10 vs 8.28 ± 1.81, P < .001). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of PV‐USS2D and PV‐USSCEUS was 0.783 and 0.929, respectively (P < .001). The best cutoff values of PV‐USS2D and PV‐USS2D+CEUS were, respectively, 9.5 (the maximum Youden index was 0.425, the sensitivity was 48.1%, the specificity was 94.4%) and 10.5 (the maximum Youden index was 0.667, the sensitivity was 77.8%, the specificity was 88.9%).

Conclusions

Ultrasound scoring system may be used as an effective method to evaluate the vulnerability of plaque. The diagnostic efficiency of PV‐USS2D+CEUS is more higher than PV‐USS2D.
The Role of Imaging in the Pre‐ and Postoperative Evaluation of Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Vassalou Evangelia E. , Vardas Konstantinos , Dimitriadis Eustathios , Perysinakis Iraklis
Published: April 2023

Inguinal hernia repair is the most frequently performed surgical procedure. Imaging has a fundamental role in initial assessment and postoperative evaluation of inguinal hernias. Clinical implications of radiology in the preoperative setting include diagnosis of occult/complicated hernias and enhancement of diagnostic certainty. Postoperatively, imaging may assist the detection and characterization of complications. Familiarity with the normal appearance of the postoperative groin area and surgical techniques is required to avoid misinterpretation. This pictorial essay provides an overview of the expected postoperative imaging findings and highlights the role of imaging in the pre‐ and postoperative evaluation of inguinal hernias, with emphasis on ultrasonography.
Flash Nanoprecipitation Fabrication of PEI@Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Hybrid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Ren Qidi , Wang Lu , Qian Wenfei , Chen Baiqiu , Shuai Qi , Yan Yunfeng
Published: April 2023

RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach for disease treatments. But the development of safe and effective delivery carriers remains a major challenge. Organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), with the integration of functions from distinct materials, show great potential in small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Herein, pH responsive amorphous calcium carbonate NPs (ACC NPs) are prepared using flash nanoprecipitation and hybrid NPs are constructed by coating ACC NPs with polyethyleneimine (PEI) for efficient siRNA delivery. PEI/ACC NPs show robust pH responsiveness and stability as well as effective siRNA loading and protection. Furthermore, siRNA‐loaded PEI/ACC NPs demonstrate enhanced cellular uptake and efficient endosomal escape, mediating improved siRNA delivery compared to pure PEI. These findings suggest that PEI/ACC NPs may have great potential in siRNA delivery for RNAi‐based therapy.
A 3D Bioprinted Nanoengineered Hydrogel with Photoactivated Drug Delivery for Tumor Apoptosis and Simultaneous Bone Regeneration via Macrophage Immunomodulation
Authors: Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Hexiu Jin , Randhawa Aayushi , Moniruzzaman Md , Lim Ki‐Taek
Published: April 2023

One of the significant challenges in bone tissue engineering (BTE) is the healing of traumatic tissue defects owing to the recruitment of local infection and delayed angiogenesis. Herein, a 3D printable multi‐functional hydrogel composing polyphenolic carbon quantum dots (CQDs, 100 µg mL−1) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA, 12 wt%) is reported for robust angiogenesis, bone regeneration and anti‐tumor therapy. The CQDs are synthesized from a plant‐inspired bioactive molecule, 1, 3, 5‐trihydroxybenzene. The 3D printed GelMA‐CQDs hydrogels display typical shear‐thinning behavior with excellent printability. The fabricated hydrogel displayed M2 polarization of macrophage (Raw 264.7) cells via enhancing anti‐inflammatory genes (e.g., IL‐4 and IL10), and induced angiogenesis and osteogenesis of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The bioprinted hBMSCs are able to produce vessel‐like structures after 14 d of incubation. Furthermore, the 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds also show remarkable near infra‐red (NIR) responsive properties under 808 nm NIR light (1.0 W cm−2) irradiation with controlled release of antitumor drugs (≈49%) at pH 6.5, and thereby killing the osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, it is anticipated that the tissue regeneration and healing ability with therapeutic potential of the GelMA‐CQDs scaffolds may provide a promising alternative for traumatic tissue regeneration via augmenting angiogenesis and accelerated immunomodulation.
A circle‐to‐edge contact detection and resolution approach for beam‐particle modeling: cohesive materials and structural mechanics applications
Authors: Rima Aya , Oliver‐Leblond Cécile , Ragueneau Frédéric
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a new method for detecting contact between polygonal particles in the beam‐particle model. The main objective is to propose a robust and efficient algorithm capable of efficiently detecting contact between particles and increasing accuracy when complex particle shapes are used. This newly developed algorithm is based on a multi‐circle approach, where a set of circles is used to describe the shape of each particle. To validate and verify the algorithm, the developed approach is compared to the polygonal approach and to analytical results. For this purpose, several examples dealing with contact problems were performed. The obtained results show that the proposed contact detection procedure has the potential to efficiently detect the contact between two‐dimensional particles of complex shapes and provides a faster way to detect contact compared to the polygonal approach.
Analysis of dilatancy relation and shear‐band formation in granular materials based on Eshelby‐Mandel tensor
Authors: Guo Peijun , Zhou Shunhua , Stolle Dieter
Published: April 2023

The theory of configurational or material forces based on the Eshelby stress tensor (also called energy‐momentum tensor) has provided a general and efficient way to describe the motion of material defects and other inhomogeneities within the framework of continuum mechanics. In this paper, we explore how to use the configurational forces to describe the behavior of homogeneous granular materials by considering the material characteristics on both continuum and discrete particle levels. In particular, dissipative driving forces based on the Eshelby‐Mandel stress tensor are utilized as the driving force of the configuration variations in the form of shear‐induced volume change. The energy dissipation induced by the relative sliding at particle contacts is considered in the configurational forces. To characterize the dilation of a homogeneous granular material with uniform deformation, a virtual plane is introduced to facilitate the analysis and to derive the dilatancy formulation. With the consideration of the shear‐band geometry and the requirement of configurational force equilibrium across the boundary of a shear‐band, the condition for the onset of a shear band is derived. For granular specimens subjected to biaxial compression, the analyses recover the well‐known Rowe's dilatancy formulation and yield the shear‐band orientation identical to that obtained from the classical bifurcation analysis within the framework of elasto‐plasticity.