bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel protocols of inhaled GM-CSF therapy for patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Tazawa Ryushi
Published: November 2024

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease in which build-up of surfactant-derived lipo-proteinaceous material can cause respiratory failure. Effective treatment is paramount to saving lives and existing options include partial or whole lung lavage, however, as there
are limitations to this the development of new treatment options is needed. Dr Ryushi Tazawa of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) is a member of Japanese PAP multi-disciplinary research team which has been working on the potential to treat PAP through the inhalation of granulocyte-macrophage
colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an essential agent for maintaining biological functions of alveolar macrophages to clean up alveoli. Originally, Dr Koh Nakata and his colleagues found in 1999 that most patients with PAP have the autoantibody against GM-CSF. The anti-GM-CSF autoantibody
blocks GM-CSF and deteriorates alveolar macrophages and alveolar cleanliness. GM-CSF inhalation would represent a simple treatment that can be prescribed on an outpatient basis and inhaled at home. It is believed that inhaled CM-CSF could help restore functions of impaired alveolar macrophages
and renew alveolar macrophages. Following a pilot study published in 2005 and a phase II study in 2010, Dr Koh Nakata secured the budget for regulatory approval of GM-CSF inhalation therapy for autoimmune PAP (aPAP) and a clinical trial for the treatment in 2016. The Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
GM-CSF Inhalation Efficacy (PAGE) trial with twelve institutions nationwide successfully demonstrated the safety and efficacy of GM-CSF inhalation for aPAP. Based on PAGE trial data, Japanese pharmaceutical authority approved GM-CSF inhalation as a therapy for aPAP in 2024. The research team
is currently interested in optimising the inhalation modes using mathematical models and a combination therapy of whole lung lavage and inhalation methods for severe cases.
Developing an exercise method for mental health care that takes into account gender differences in endocannabinoid expression
Authors: Yabe Tetsuya
Published: November 2024

Discussing mental health struggles is less taboo than it once was and while talking about stress, depression and other mental health issues is useful, it isn’t a cure. Medication can be helpful in mitigating mental health struggles but if we could better understand bodily mechanisms,
particularly ones that help induce positive mood changes, we'd be better equipped to treat mental health conditions. Tetsuya Yabe, Faculty of Sport Science, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Japan, is exploring this potential through investigations on the endocannabinoid (eCB)
system, which helps regulate and balance key bodily functions. Although it is known that eCB is secreted during stress and also induced by exercise, much remains to be elucidated about how eCB changes in response to stress and exercise, and why it is a biological function in the first place.
Yabe wants to shed light on these mysteries and, in doing so, alleviate chronic stress and depressive symptoms, benefiting society. Exercise-induced eCB has two main ligands, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). They are secreted by the neurons in the brain's
reward system and regulate the secretion of neurotransmitters through retrograde synaptic transmission. Yabe and the team are examining the changes in AEA and 2-AG over time due to low-intensity exercise, with a close eye on gender differences. They are aiming to clarify the role of exercise
in mental health, including the purpose of AEA and 2-AG expression in response to stress and the overarching purpose of the eCB system itself.
Building a treatment strategy for depression using antioxidant particles that improves the intestinal environment
Authors: Ikeda Yutaka
Published: November 2024

Depressive disorder, or depression, is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Yet, there remains much to be discovered about depression. There are existing treatment options but, in treatment-resistant depression, symptoms persist. There is a strong
relationship between the gut and the brain and it is possible the gut holds answers for treatment-resistant depression. Dr Yutaka Ikeda, Department of Materials Science at the Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences at the University of Tsukuba, is interested in the effect of the intestinal environment
on various diseases. He is working closely with Professor Yukio Nagasaki from the Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, and Professor Ryo Inoe at Setsunan University, to investigate drug delivery systems and drug development, with a particular focus on polymer-based
drugs. In one project, the researchers explored the involvement of intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the progress of depression via the gut-brain axis. This is an interesting aspect to investigate as in chronic stress ROS is overproduced and excessive levels disturb the intestinal
environment. The researchers designed a novel polymer-based antioxidant called siSMAPoTN with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell. The team found that continuous administration of siSMAPoTN reduced oxidative stress in the colon and protected the mucosal layer and intestinal barrier function.
This means that by removing excess ROS, it is possible to alleviate the damage caused by chronic restraint stress (CRS) in the intestine.
The Global Gateway Forum: Change through connection and resilience
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: November 2024

Collaboration is key to discovery and change. The first Global Gateway Forum enabled connections to be made between different stakeholders. It took place in October 2023 in Brussels, welcoming government representatives from more than 20 countries, financial institutions and business
and civil society representatives. Attendees gathered to discuss global investment needs, consider solutions and forge new partnerships. At the Forum investments were committed and new partnerships were announced. Global Gateway is Europe’s international investment programme, which seeks
to strengthen connections in links in digital, energy and transport sectors and enhance health, education and research systems across the world. It is at the foundation of the Forum, which provides the setting to showcase progress in the Global Gateway strategy. As Ursula von der Leyen, President
of the European Commission, stated in her State of the Union address in September 2021, the Global Gateway strategy is ‘a template for how Europe can build more resilient connections with the world’. The aim of the strategy is to secure €300 billion in investments by 2027
to support sustainable projects to push towards global resilience and equity. von der Leyen mentioned key advancements in 90 projects launched in 2023 spanning different sectors. At the Forum, impactful discussions were sparked between leaders about key challenges facing diverse sectors, including
green energy, critical raw materials, transport corridors and education. The theme of the Forum was ‘Stronger together through Sustainable Investment’.
Characterising okadaic acid (OA) toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, using a comparative porcine model (MOKAPIG).
Authors: Dacasto Mauro , Girolami Flavia , Zaghini Anna
Published: November 2024

Food toxicology helps to protect the health and safety of consumers by a better understanding of the impact of xenobiotics and natural toxins on public health. Professors Mauro Dacasto (UNIPD), Flavia Girolami (UNITU), and Anna Zaghini (UNIBO) have collaborated on a research assessing
the impact of aflatoxin B1 (a harmful mycotoxin) on bovine and human health. In their current project, MOKAPIG, the researchers are using comparative human and pig in vitro models as well as the weaned pig as an animal model to shed a light on the fate of differing levels of okadaic acid (OA)
in target tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. The goal of the two-year project is to expand the existing knowledge on the effects of OA on humans and pigs, including data on OA toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and mechanistic toxicology. This will help to improve the protection
of consumer health and seafood safety. MOKAPIG will first assess OA cytotoxicity and its bioavailability in vitro, characterise and profile OA metabolism and carry out comparative toxicogenomic studies. Then, the project will explore the in vivo toxicity of OA using a porcine animal model.
The reasoning behind selecting a porcine over a rodent model is that mice show limitations for the assessment of marine toxins comparative toxicity, e.g, species-differences in xenobiotic metabolism.
Research work of Prof. De-Eknamkul, including the mechanistic synergy of hair growth promotion by the Avicennia marina extract and its active constituent (avicequinone C) in dermal papilla cells isolated from androgenic alopecia patients
Authors: De-Eknamkul Wanchai
Published: November 2024

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a genetically-predetermined disorder that affects many people around the world, leading to progressive hair loss. This baldness can negatively impact people’s perceptions of themselves and scientists are searching for a cure. There are only two US
Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs used to treat AGA and they both have side effects. If a natural anti-AGA product could be developed with the ability to be effective minus negative side effects, this could be a game-changer for people with AGA. Professor Wanchai De-Eknamkul, Department
of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, an expert in plant natural product biotechnology, is working to develop a natural anti-AGA product. He is a professor at the University’s Natural Product Biotechnology Research Unit, where research is underway
to: elucidate the biosynthesis of bioactive natural products by searching for enzymes and genes involved in their biosynthetic pathways; discover bioactive natural compounds from medicinal plants by either enzyme-based or cell-based screening followed by studying their mechanism of actions;
and develop high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) as a tool for quick screening and identification of bioactive compounds. De-Eknamkul have been working to shed light on the genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the diterpenoid ‘plaunotol’ in Croton stellatopilosus.
In another line of investigation, they are searching for natural compounds with anti-AGA and anti-grey hair activities and a further area of focus is the development of a technique for direct detection of compounds with anti-diabetes, anti-gonorrhoea and anti-AGA activities.
Building an evacuation center management model for public sports facilities during disasters
Authors: Akiyoshi Ryoko
Published: November 2024

Following devastating natural disasters such as earthquakes, storms and wildfires, focused and coordinated rescue and rehabilitation is required, along with clean up and reconstruction efforts. This requires the input of multiple stakeholders, all working to manage and mitigate the
impact on a community. Japan is a country that is prone to natural disasters and, therefore, an efficient, organised system for dealing with these often catastrophic events is key to reducing morbidity and mortality. Dr Ryoko Akiyoshi, School of Physical Education, Tokai University, Japan,
experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 as a child. Now, she is interested in how public sports facilities can act as emergency evacuation centres during natural disasters and how they can better prepare to support their local communities in times of crises. She is also exploring
how exercise can help survivors process the trauma they have experienced. In her current study, Akiyoshi is looking at the responsibilities of the designated manager system in how local government and private businesses operate and manage public facilities. She is working to clarify the division
of roles at public sports facilities during disasters and develop an appropriate evacuation centre management model. The goal of the work is to improve the quality of life in evacuation centres at public sports facilities, help evacuees recover from natural disasters and give them hope for
the future. A key element of facilities’ ability to effectively help evacuees is safety and the need for them to understand and prepare according to the Sphere Standard.
Wearable robots to improve mobility and reduce pain
Authors: Itami Taku
Published: November 2024

Abnormal gait is common and can affect mobility, posture and quality of life. At the Smart Mechatronics Lab in the Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics at Meiji University, Senior Assistant Professor Taku Itami is harnessing his background as an engineer to develop smart support
devices that can help people, including Japan’s ageing society, who require extra support to maintain independence and a pain-free life. Itami and the team have developed walking shoes that can help people, young and old, who experience joint pain in their knees. By focusing on the posture
of the ankle during the contact of the heel with the ground and ensuring correct posture at this juncture to ensure the load is properly distributed over the whole foot, the researchers have developed shoes that can correct the ankle posture and encourage a normal, painless gait. Through his
work developing systems and devices, Itami wants to support a long-term improvement in quality of life for those experiencing reduced function due to ageing or injury. This is an increasingly prevalent concern in line with the ageing of societies in developed countries. Wearable robots could
be key to mitigating these pressing concerns providing they can be developed with the ability to allow voluntary movement and prevent a decline in residual functions. Weight of devices is a key consideration as much existing technology relies on large and heavy servo motors and compressors.
The effects of toe grip training on fall prevention and cognitive function in the elderly
Authors: Tsuyuguchi Ryota
Published: November 2024

Given the connection between the feet and the brain via sensory receptors, it is believed that improving the sensitivity of the toes and the soles of the feet could help prevent injuries and improve performance in athletes and prevent falls and improve cognitive function in the elderly.
Associate Professor Ryota Tsuyuguchi was a coach of the Osaka Sangyo University Athletic Association Men’s Basketball Team, which enabled him to observe, first-hand, the importance of feet to performance. This prompted him to consider the wider implications of improving sensation in
toes and feet. At the Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences at Osaka Sangyo University in Japan, Tsuyuguchi and the team are conducting research to expand on the belief that training related to toe grip could enhance the benefits of exercise. Indeed, training interventions related to conscious
toe grip might affect brain metabolism and brain nerve activity, helping to improve cognitive function. The researchers have studied most age sectors of society and found that the output of the motor association cortex in the frontal lobe was strengthened and the function of the A10 nerve
nucleus was improved, which suggests that the prefrontal cortex was also affected. The researchers believe that the activation of mechanoreceptors on the soles of the feet will improve toe grip function to ensure support and safety. They also believe that moving the centre of gravity forward
through training of toe grip will encourage autonomic posture adjustment through the spinal reflexes, which may also be an effective approach in the prevention of falls.
EU Global Health Strategy: Better health for all
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: November 2024

The European Commission (EC) adopted a new EU Global Health Strategy in November 2022. The goal is advancing global health through policies tackling key challenges. The ongoing impact of climate change, biodiversity and pollution on global health and the interconnected and borderless
nature of health are foundational concepts for the Strategy. There is also a focus on digitisation and research opportunities. Three priorities for the strategy are better health and wellbeing, strengthened health systems and combating health threats through a One Health approach. These will
be achieved by following 20 guiding principles between now and 2030. The Strategy is part of Global Gateway, which seeks to reduce the global investment gap worldwide. The EU is collaborating with the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to tackle global health issues
and improve prevention, preparedness and response via the EU Global Health Strategy. The Strategy will replace the EC’s 2010 Communication on the EU’s role in global health and comes with important updates, such as a focus on climate change, environmental degradation,
humanitarian crises and food insecurity and their negative impacts on health. Antimicrobial resistance, mental health and challenges in the health and care systems landscape will also be confronted by harnessing research and digitisation, including artificial intelligence (AI), to enhance
new opportunities. The emphasis on a One Health approach will enhance access to vaccines, improve global disease surveillance and strengthen global collaboration on health issues, with numerous stakeholders pledging political commitment and shared responsibility to achieving goals.
Nanopore sequencing in surveillance of fungicide resistance
Authors: Cherrad Semcheddine
Published: November 2024

By detecting plant pathogens as early as possible, swift action can be taken to mitigate the spread of disease. Monitoring fungicide is another key part of effective disease control as pathogens can develop resistance to fungicides, rendering them ineffective. The area of plant disease
management is advancing apace thanks to innovative research incorporating technical advances in detection and monitoring. For example, Dr Semcheddine Cherrad, Research and Development Manager at Conidia Coniphy, is conducting innovative studies on microbiological assessment and contamination
control. The research team at Conidia Coniphy has been working on the detection of plant pathogens and monitoring of fungicide resistance for over 15 years and the team’s collective efforts in bioassay and molecular analysis, combined with the adoption of new technologies
and processes is overcoming challenges in the field. For example, the researchers are utilising new generation sequencing (NGS) with long-read sequencing to generate huge datasets on DNA molecules of genes coding for proteins targeted by fungicides. The team has developed a tool for mould
identification called ID-Fungi Plates (IDFP). It is a user-friendly medium that accelerates the identification of fungal pathogens by Maldi-tof. They have also developed a software called FUNGI MESURE, which can quantify fungal spores in samples, providing an accurate overview of fungal measures
and facilitating lab routine tasks of methods with fungi. In addition, a database established by the team called FUNGI DNA supports the identification and study of fungal strains through DNA analysis.
Statistical Modelling of Traffic Noise Using Smart PLS-SEM In Urban Roads
Authors: Ahmad Azlan , Fadilla Baiq Mila , Maharani Rosika Armiyanti , Jaafar Mohd Hafiidz , Laiman Rusdin , Ismail Zitty Sarah
Published: November 2024

The objectives of this study are to assess the traffic noise levels in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, and to propose traffic noise model among influential factors. Five factors and 20 attributes were measured at three locations using a sound level meter and analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach. The results of this study showed that high traffic noise levels on urban roads exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 60 dBA during the day, according to Malaysian guidelines. However, the integrated traffic noise prediction model approach has specific indirect effects: built environment -> climate conditions -> traffic flow.
Thrombocytopenia With High C-reactive Protein in Myeloma Patients Treated With Proteasome Inhibitor and/or Immunomodulatory Drugs
Authors: SUZUKI KAZUHITO , GUNJI TADAHIRO , KAWASHIMA MASAHARU , URYU HIDEKI , NAGAO RIKU , SAITO TAKESHI , NISHIWAKI KAICHI , YANO SHINGO
Published: November 2024

Background/Aim: Background/Aim: Thrombocytopenia is a poor prognostic factor in patients with myeloma; however, the factors associated with thrombocytopenia have not been extensively discussed. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of thrombocytopenia, defined as 130×103/μl or less, in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) treated with proteasome inhibitors and/or immunomodulatory drugs. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective review of medical records of myeloma patients treated between 2000 and 2021. A total of 241 patients were included in this study, with a median age of 72 years. Overall survival (OS) and time to next treatment (TTNT) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The incidence of thrombocytopenia was 17.8%. In the median follow-up period of 46.6 months, OS and TTNT in the thrombocytopenia group were significantly shorter than those in the non-thrombocytopenia group using multivariate analysis (p<0.001 and p<0.001). C-reactive protein (CRP) level was not associated with thrombocytopenia, and high CRP predicted short OS and TTNT independently from thrombocytopenia. When the low (neither thrombocytopenia nor high CRP), intermediate (either thrombocytopenia or high CRP), and high (thrombocytopenia and high CRP) risk groups were defined, the OS and TTNT among these groups showed significant differences; the hazard ratios for survival in the high and intermediate risk groups were 7.022 and 2.598, and for TTNT, they were 4.216 and 1.887, respectively, compared to the low-risk group. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia was associated with the activity of NDMM and predicted prognosis in NDMM. When combined with high CRP levels, thrombocytopenia serves as a new indicator of poor prognosis in these patients.
The Prognostic Significance of Plasma Beta2-Glycoprotein I Levels in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: HSIEH TSUNG-JEN , PAN HUNG-WEI , LAN YU-YAN , HUA GUAN-YING , HSU YAO-CHUN , CHIU WEN-CHIN
Published: November 2024

Background/Aim: Beta2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) is a plasma glycoprotein with multiple physiological functions, but its relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poorly understood. HCC is one of the most common forms of liver cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between β2-GPI and liver cancer and further validate its potential as a biomarker for HCC. Patients and Methods: Thirty-six patients diagnosed with HCC at the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, E-Da Hospital, Taiwan, were included in the study. The expression levels of β2-GPI in plasma specimens from patients with HCC were determined by enzyme immunoassay and analyzed in relation to clinicopathological variables using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The predictive significance of β2-GPI for both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and the statistical significance of differences was evaluated through the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between OS/DFS time and clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Results: Plasma β2-GPI levels were significantly lower in patients with HCC compared to non-cancer controls and significantly correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of HCC. High plasma β2-GPI levels were significantly associated with better OS and DFS in HCC patients. Furthermore, in multiple variates analyses, OS was found to be significantly better in HCC patients with higher plasma β2-GPI expression. Conclusion: Elevated levels of β2-GPI protein in the plasma of HCC patients were identified as an independent factor predictive of improved OS and DFS. Activating β2-GPI in individuals at high risk could serve as a promising way for mitigating the progression of HCC.
Comportamiento de la tuberculosis entre individuos en condición de vulnerabilidad. Córdoba. Colombia
Authors: Lozano -M Emily Andrea , Tejada -V Beatriz Elena , Valencia -J Nydia Nina
Published: November 2024

Objetivo:  Analizar el comportamiento de la Tuberculosis (TB) teniendo en consideración las condiciones de vulnerabilidad social.  Materiales y métodos:  Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que contó con la información disponible en 27 registros de pacientes con diagnósticos de tuberculosis entre 2017 y 2018. Resultados:  La gran mayoría de pacientes (96,3%) contaban con seguridad social subsidiada, exhibiendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto a aquellos sin afiliación (p<0,05). La ocupación predominante fue agricultora (33,3%), seguida de amas de casa (22,2%) y desempleados (29,6%), con diferencias significativas entre las proporciones (p=0,043). En cuanto a la pertenencia étnica, 74,1% no pertenecía a comunidades indígenas (p=0,05). El 77,8% de los casos correspondió a nuevos ingresos, siendo esta condición mayoritaria con diferencias significativas (p<0,05). El diagnóstico se realizó principalmente mediante baciloscopia (96,3%) con diferencia significativa respecto a histopatología (p<0,001). La tuberculosis pulmonar (88,9%) predominó sobre la extra pulmonar (p<0,05), y solo 11,1% presentaba VIH como comorbilidad (p<0,05). Se evidenció que las condiciones de vulnerabilidad social inciden negativamente en la adherencia al tratamiento supervisado.   Conclusión: Las condiciones de vulnerabilidad social por pobreza, edad o por etnia favorecen la circulación del agente de TB en las comunidades desfavorecidas; tal situación indica la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de prevención, seguimiento y control de la tuberculosis mediante estrategias focalizadas e intervenciones efectivas en este grupo poblacional.
From Killer to Solution: Evaluating Bioremediation Strategies on Microbial Diversity in Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil over Three to Six Months in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Evans Fubara Gift , Nkalo Ukoima Hudson , Amachree Dokuboba , Raimi Morufu Olalekan
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various bioremediation approaches on microbial diversity in crude oil-contaminated soil over three to six months in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The objective was to assess the impact of different bioremediation strategies on microbial populations, particularly focusing on hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and fungi. Microbial populations were quantified using serial dilution and microbial count techniques. The vapor phase transfer mechanism was employed to estimate hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and fungi. Bacterial and fungal colonies were incubated for five days, followed by biochemical tests for isolate identification. Fungal pure cultures were observed under a microscope. The study observed a significant increase in microbial populations in soil free of crude oil pollution when bioremediators such as mushrooms and earthworms were introduced. Mushrooms exhibited a 50% increase in hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria (HUB), while earthworms showed a 55% increase in HUB over the three to six-month period. The longer lifespan and nutrient absorption capabilities of earthworms facilitated faster growth. Furthermore, significant growth in the microbial population of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and fungi was observed in crude oil-polluted soil after employing bioremediation, with the highest growth observed in soil treated with mushrooms at six months, followed by earthworms at six months. Conversely, the lowest microbial population was recorded in soil polluted with 10% crude oil and remediated with earthworms at three months. The results suggest that mushrooms and earthworms effectively increase microbial populations in crude oil-polluted soil. However, mushrooms demonstrated a higher microbial population increase compared to earthworms, especially in terms of promoting the growth of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria (HUB) and hydrocarbon-utilizing fungi (HUF). Based on the findings, it is recommended to prioritize using mushrooms as bioremediation agents in similar environmental restoration efforts due to their superior efficacy in increasing microbial populations, particularly HUB and HUF. This study underscores the potential of mushrooms and earthworms as effective bioremediation agents for restoring microbial diversity in crude oil-contaminated soil, offering insights for sustainable environmental restoration practices in oil-affected regions like Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction for Incident Hypertension Based on Regular Health Checkup Data: Derivation and Validation in 2 Independent Nationwide Cohorts in South Korea and Japan
Authors: Hwang Seung Ha , Lee Hayeon , Lee Jun Hyuk , Lee Myeongcheol , Koyanagi Ai , Smith Lee , Rhee Sang Youl , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Jinseok
Published: November 2024

Background

Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death, with hypertension as a key contributor. In 2019, cardiovascular diseases led to 17.9 million deaths, predicted to reach 23 million by 2030.

Objective

This study presents a new method to predict hypertension using demographic data, using 6 machine learning models for enhanced reliability and applicability. The goal is to harness artificial intelligence for early and accurate hypertension diagnosis across diverse populations.

Methods

Data from 2 national cohort studies, National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (South Korea, n=244,814), conducted between 2002 and 2013 were used to train and test machine learning models designed to anticipate incident hypertension within 5 years of a health checkup involving those aged ≥20 years, and Japanese Medical Data Center cohort (Japan, n=1,296,649) were used for extra validation. An ensemble from 6 diverse machine learning models was used to identify the 5 most salient features contributing to hypertension by presenting a feature importance analysis to confirm the contribution of each future.

Results

The Adaptive Boosting and logistic regression ensemble showed superior balanced accuracy (0.812, sensitivity 0.806, specificity 0.818, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.901). The 5 key hypertension indicators were age, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. The Japanese Medical Data Center cohort dataset (extra validation set) corroborated these findings (balanced accuracy 0.741 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.824). The ensemble model was integrated into a public web portal for predicting hypertension onset based on health checkup data.

Conclusions

Comparative evaluation of our machine learning models against classical statistical models across 2 distinct studies emphasized the former’s enhanced stability, generalizability, and reproducibility in predicting hypertension onset.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Urine Kambing dan Kelinci terhadap Pertumbuhan Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Rosc. var. rubrum) pada Fase Vegetatif
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Taufik , Kastono Dody , Alam Taufan
Published: November 2024

Jahe merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah di Indonesia. Produksi jahe di Indonesia pada tahun 2016-2020 mengalami penurunan dari 340,34 menjadi 183,52 ribu ton. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jahe agar produksinya tinggi yaitu melalui perbaikan cara budidaya jahe merah seperti pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari interaksi serta pengaruh antara konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) urine kambing dan kelinci terhadap pertumbuhan jahe merah pada fase vegetatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2021-Maret 2022 di Dusun Gunung Rego, Kelurahan Hargorejo, Kapanewon Kokap, Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktorial dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi POC urine kambing dan faktor kedua POC urine kelinci dengan masing-masing faktor terdiri atas 3 taraf, yaitu 0 ml/l, 150 ml/l, dan 300 ml/l. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara POC urine kambing dan kelinci terhadap pertumbuhan jahe merah pada fase vegetatif. Perlakuan konsentrasi POC urine kambing tidak menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan jahe merah pada fase vegetatif. Perlakuan konsentrasi POC urine kelinci 300 ml/l menunjukkan bobot segar dan kering batang tertinggi (bobot kering batang 27 mst yaitu 11,7 g)yang berbeda nyata dengan 150 ml/l (5,62 g) namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (7,54 g).
Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Kulit Buah dan Daun Sebagai Substitusi Pupuk Kimia Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kedelai
Authors: Anggraeni Listy , Robi`in Robi`in , Zubaidi Thohir , Anwar Nadiah Akifah , Damanhuri Damanhuri
Published: November 2024

Produktivitas lahan pertanian dapat berkurang karena degradasi lahan jangka panjang yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan pupuk kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik cair sebagai substitusi pupuk kimia terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai. Pengelompokan faktorial acak dengan dua komponen digunakan untuk penelitian ini. Faktor pertama adalah jumlah pupuk kimia yang digunakan, yang dapat dibagi menjadi dosis 100%, 75%, 50%, dan 25%. Faktor kedua adalah jumlah pupuk organik cair yang digunakan, yang dapat dibagi menjadi dosis 50 mL/L, 150 mL/L, 250 mL/L, dan 350 mL/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC) dan dosis pupuk kimia berpengaruh besar terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai, dengan dosis pupuk 25% dan substitusi POC 250 mL/L sebagai kombinasi yang disarankan. Konsentrasi POC berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh peubah pengamatan kecuali jumlah polong hampa per tanaman dan bobot 100 biji, sedangkan jumlah pupuk kimia hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang.
Pengaruh Pemberian Abu Sekam Padi dan POC Urine Kelinci terhadap pH tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi di Tanah Gambut
Authors: Wahdah Rabiatul , Rizali Akhmad , Jumiati Jumiati
Published: November 2024

Lahan gambut merupakan lahan marginal untuk pertanian karena kesuburannya yang rendah, tingkat keasaman yang tinggi, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) yang tinggi, kejenuhan basa yang rendah, kandungan unsur hara makro (K, Ca, Mg, P) yang rendah, dan unsur hara mikro (seperti Cu , Zn, Mn, B) juga rendah. Amelioran dapat mengubah sifat kimia tanah gambut antara lain menurunkan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), meningkatkan kejenuhan basa (KB), menaikkan pH, menekan senyawa beracun, meningkatkan kandungan unsur hara. Sedangkan sifat fisik dapat ditingkatkan dari segi struktur. Bahan Amelioran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah abu sekam padi dan pupuk organik cair urine kelinci. Abu sekam padi adalah abu yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran sekam padi yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan perbaikan tanah gambut. Pemberian abu sekam padi akan lebih baik jika diimbangi dengan pemberian bahan organik seperti pupuk organik cair (POC). POC urine kelinci mengandung unsur hara N, P, dan K yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian abu sekam padi dan POC urine kelinci terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil sawi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara abu sekam padi dan POC urine kelinci terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi, terkecuali pada jumlah daun. Perlakuan terbaik adalah dosis abu sekam padi 15 ton.ha-1 dan POC urine kelinci 30 ml/L. Sementara untuk abu sekam padi tidak mempengaruhi pH tanah pada tanah gambut.
An Analysis on the Path of Integrating Lei Feng Spirit into High School Ideological and Political Lessons
Authors: Yan Haodan , Ke Biao
Published: November 2024

Lei Feng spirit, as one of the first great spirits to be included in the spiritual pedigree, contains rich spiritual connotation and educational value. High school ideological and political course is the key course to carry out the fundamental task of moral education. The integration of Lei Feng spirit into high school ideological and political lessons is conducive to the implementation of the fundamental task of moral education, is conducive to promoting the high-quality development of high school ideological and political teaching, and is also conducive to training good young people in the new era. Therefore, this paper puts forward practical approaches from three aspects of teachers, classroom and after-class practice, namely, improving teachers' literacy and carrying out teaching research activities; Grasping the main channel of classroom, innovating teaching links; Connect the second class and create an extra-curricular learning atmosphere.
Exploration and Innovative Research on Ideological and Political Education in Architectural Mechanics Course
Authors: Yinghao Xiang , Meiting Zhu , Haichen Gu
Published: November 2024

The emphasis and implementation of ideological and political education in courses lie within the courses themselves, ensuring effective education through the process of course implementation and playing a role in nurturing students. This paper explores the elements of ideological and political education in the architectural mechanics course. It provides a detailed design of ideological and political education in accordance with the course content and characteristics. Additionally, innovative designs incorporating ideological elements are introduced for parts of the course. Finally, an application exploration is conducted within the sections of the course, specifically focusing on the subtopic of “rigid frames”, with the hope of providing reference value to related courses.
Fishermen Empowerment: The Key Role of Human Capital and Joint Business Group Performance in Improving Welfare in Kendari City, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Sukmawati , Iswandi R. Marsuki
Published: November 2024

This study examines the influence of human capital and the performance of joint business groups on the empowerment of fishing communities in Kendari City. The research was conducted in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province, from October to December 2023. The study population comprises all fishermen who are members of the Joint Business Group, abbreviated as KUB, in Nambo Subdistrict, Kendari City, amounting to 142 individuals. The sample for this study was determined using the census method, which entailed the inclusion of the entire population, or 142 fishermen, as a sample. The exogenous variables in the study, namely human capital and the performance of the fishermen Joint Business Group (KUB), while the endogenous variable, namely the empowerment of the fishing community itself. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe or describe the status of human capital variables, the performance of the Joint Business Group (KUB), and the empowerment of fishing communities. Inferential statistics were used to describe and explain the fishing community empowerment model with Partial Least Square (PLS), a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model. The results show that human capital has a positive and significant effect on the performance of joint business groups and the empowerment of fishing communities. In addition, the performance of joint business groups has a positive and significant contribution in improving the empowerment of fishing communities. The indirect effect of human capital is positive and significant through the performance of joint business groups on the empowerment of fishing communities in Kendari City. So that the empowerment of fishing communities will be able to be achieved by increasing the human capital of fishermen through the effective implementation of the Joint Business Group (KUB) program as a forum for learning and community self-development.
Sobre la guerra y la paz: una crítica a Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Stingl Robert
Published: November 2024

Jürgen Habermas se pronunció en dos ensayos acerca de la guerra de Rusia en Ucrania, los cuales le trajeron muchas críticas. Desde su punto de vista intelectual, correspondiente a la tradición de la teoría crítica, pide el cese del armamento de Ucrania además de negociaciones inmediatas con todas las partes con el propósito de proteger a los ciudadanos y evitar más muertes a causa del enfrentamiento armado. Sin embargo, sus demandas son imposibles de satisfacer ante las circunstancias reales de las relaciones de poder geopolíticas y siguen siendo una mera idea abstracta de cómo resolver los conflictos bélicos. La siguiente contribución es una perspectiva crítica a los dos ensayos escritos por Jürgen Habermas y a sus propuestas.
Cartografía crítica de la IA
Authors: Martínez-Vázquez Fernando
Published: November 2024

La presente reseña describe el contenido del libro Atlas de Inteligencia Artificial. Poder, política y costos planetarios escrito por Kate Crawford. Se destacan los puntos clave de la obra y las ideas principales de los capítulos, así como sus aportes. Además, se señalan los aspectos más relevantes para especialistas en comunicación, tecnología y ciencias sociales, subrayando la importancia de su análisis en la comprensión del impacto de la inteligencia artificial en diversos ámbitos de la sociedad.
Sobre los pactos, la autoridad y la libertad en Rousseau: Wolmar, Jean-Jacques y el Legislador extraordinario
Authors: Waksman Vera
Published: November 2024

Se examina en este texto la relación entre la libertad y la autoridad en Rousseau a la luz de tres episodios tomados de La nueva Eloísa, Emilio y El contrato social. En ellos se analiza el rol de los personajes excepcionales, Wolmar, el tutor de Emilio y el legislador extraordinario, en la consagración de la libertad en cada uno de sus ámbitos de influencia. El artículo busca mostrar que la fundación de la libertad en Rousseau –política y moral–, no puede prescindir del pasaje por la autoridad. La horizontalidad de los principios políticos requiere la intervención vertical del personaje extraordinario para su realización.
Prevención y liderazgo empresarial: claves para la continuidad en ausencia del personal directivo
Authors: Sanromán-Aranda Roberto
Published: November 2024

En la actualidad, las empresas son lideradas por personas directivas que guían el desarrollo de las mismas y hacen frente a los problemas que se puedan presentar. Sin embargo, prever la posible ausencia de dichos líderes es crucial para contar con soluciones ante un eventual escenario catastrófico. Las medidas preventivas pueden incluir el contratar un “seguro de mujer u hombre clave” que facilite la gestión en ausencia de quienes son indispensables dentro de la organización. También es recomendable, desde que se crea la empresa, designar a otras personas que puedan asumir el liderazgo en caso de ser necesario.
Los métodos utilizados para la presente investigación fueron deductivos. Se partió de aspectos generales de la empresa para llegar a particularidades en la sustitución de directivos. También se utilizó el método documental que hace uso de fuentes electrónicas y leyes que son aplicables a la problemática. Además, se utilizó la técnica de la observación natural de empresas, como tiendas de autoservicio automatizadas con procesos estandarizados medidos y controlados. Por otra parte, considero que es aplicable el método Nonaka Takeuchi  donde la generación de entendimiento se formaliza a través del paso del conocimiento tácito al explícito, integrado en la inteligencia artificial.
DOS AMONITAS NUEVOS Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA ESTRATIGRAFÍA DEL JURÁSICO INFERIOR DE MÉXICO
Authors: Erben Heinrich Karl
Published: November 2024

Se describen Arieticeras algovianum (OPPEL) guerrerense n. subsp. y Euaspidoceras n. sp.? De ambos amonitas se representan ilustraciones. La  primera especie citada hace probable que cierto afloramiento Liásico aun no descrito, situado en algún sitio no bien conocido del Estado de Guerrero, no puede pertenecer como se creía hasta la fecha al Toarciano, sino al Domeriano. La otra especie citada compueba una vez más que el afloramiento de Jalpan, Querétaro, pertenece al Jurásico Superior y no al Jurásico Inferior.
EVIDENCIAS MICROPALEONTOLÓGICAS SOBRE LA EDAD CRETÁCICO SUPERIOR DE LAS "PIZARRAS NECOXTLA"
Authors: Thalmann Hans E. , Ayala-Castañares Agustín
Published: November 2024

Se hacen una serie de consideraciones acerca de la edad de los sedimentos de la localidad  tipo de las "Pizarras Necoxtla", y de los afloramientos asignados a esta unidad estratigráfica de la barranca de Chocamán, Municipio de Coscomatepec, Ver. Se presentan fotografías de los microfósiles observados en las láminas delgadas de esas rocas, mostrando un conjunto faunístico de foraminíferos del Cretácico Superior (Senoniano, probablemente Campaniano superior), con abundancia de ejemplares de los géneros Globotruncana Cushman, 1927; Rugotruncana Broanimann y Brown, 1055; Rugoglobigerina Bronnimann, 1952 y Gümbelina Egger, 1900 entre otros.
PELECÍPODOS DEL JURÁSICO MEDIO DEL NOROESTE DE OAXACA Y NORESTE DE GUERRERO
Authors: Alencaster de Cserna Gloria
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo consiste en el estudio de pelecípodos de las Formaciones Taberna, Otatera y Yucuñuti, del Jurásico Medio, del noreste del Estado de Guerrero. Constituye el primer estudio de pelecípodos pertenecientes al Jurásico Medio que se  lleva a cabo en México.
En esta fauna están representados 23 géneros, con 28 especies, de las cuales nueve son nuevas (Trigonia erbeni,  Vaugonia kobayashii, Eocallista imlayi, Anisocardia coxi, A. subquadrata, Crenotrapezium hayamii, Isocardia mixteca, Lucina magna, Corbula oaxaqueña) y una (Vaugonia v-costata mexicana) es subespecie nueva.
AMONITAS DEL JURÁSICO MEDIO Y DEL CALLOVIANO DE MÉXICO. 1.-PARASTRENOCERAS GEN. NOV.
Authors: Ochoterena F. Hector
Published: November 2024

Se describe un nuevo género de Amonitas del Jurásico Medio, al que se denomina Parastrenoceras gen. nov.. En este género quedan incluidas tres especies y dos subespecies de la Formación Taberna (Bajociano superior) de la región NW del Estado de Oaxaca, México: P. mixteca sp. nov. con P. mixteca mixteca subsp. nov. y P.  mixteca zapoteca subsp. nov.; P. oaxacanum sp. nov. y P. tlaxiacense sp. nov..
"Ammonites caumontii" d´Orbigny y  "Ammonites lucretius" d´Orbigny del Oolite inférieure (Bajociano superior) de la región de Normandía, Francia,  han sido considerados en el nuevo género Parastrenoceras.
SUTURE LINE PATTERNS IN OLCOSTEPHANIDAE AND SPITICERATIDAE, AMMONITES OF THE UPPER JURASSIC-LOWER CRETACEOUS: SYSTEMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Cantú-Chapa Abelardo
Published: November 2024

The systematic classification of the ammonites in the family Olcostephanidae here proposed is in according to different sutural line patterns. The saddle S1 is bifurcated in the Family Spiticeratidae Spath, 1924, and trifurcated in the Family Olcostephanidae Haug, 1910. New taxa are proposed based on the suture line and their ornamentation, Groebericeratinae n. subfam., Saynoceratinae n. subfam., Garcitinae n. subfam., Kurdistanites n. gen., Peruvites n. gen., Spiticeras (Djanelidzeites) n. subgen. Taraisitinae Cantú-Chapa, 1966. All of them are from the Upper Tithonian-Lower Hauterivian.