bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholesteric liquid crystal-enabled electrically programmable metasurfaces for simultaneous near- and far-field displays
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Cai Wenfeng , He Huilin , Cen Mengjia , Liu Jianxun , Kong Delai , Luo Dan , Lu Yan-Qing , Liu Yan Jun
Published: November 2022

Electrically programmable metasurfaces enabled by dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystals for simultaneous near- and far-field displays are demonstrated, which are potentially useful for information storage, displays, anti-counterfeiting, etc.
Upcycling waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) into polymer electrolytes
Authors: Tan Ming Yan , Goh Leonard , Safanama Dorsasadat , Loh Wei Wei , Ding Ning , Chien Sheau Wei , Goh Shermin S. , Thitsartarn Warintorn , Lim Jason Y. C. , Fam Derrick W. H.
Published: November 2022

The first working lithium-ion battery containing polymer electrolytes derived from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) beverage bottles is demonstrated.
Bis-imidazole ring-containing bipolar organic small molecule cathodes for high-voltage and ultrastable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zheng Liping , Ren Jiayi , Ma Huige , Yang Mingsheng , Yan Xiaorong , Li Rui , Zhao Qian , Zhang Jianze , Fu Haifeng , Pu Xiong , Hu Mingjun , Yang Jun
Published: November 2022

A bis-imidazole ring-containing bipolar conjugated organic small molecule was used as the cathode of lithium ion batteries for the first time and showed high average discharge voltage, salient specific capacity and great cycling stability.
Stabilizing the Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3/Li interface with an in situ constructed multifunctional interlayer for high energy density batteries
Authors: Huang Can , Huang Shuo , Wang Aolai , Liu Ziying , Pei Dexuan , Hong Jianhe , Hou Shuen , Vitos Levente , Jin Hongyun
Published: November 2022

A multifunctional interlayer with Mg, LiF, and Li3N has been in situ constructed on the surface of LATP via a facile drop-casting method, which restrains the decomposition of LATP and improves the interfacial stability during cycling.
Toughened, self-healing and self-adhesive conductive gels with extraordinary temperature adaptability for dual-responsive sensors
Authors: Feng Enke , Li Xue , Li Xiaoqin , Zhang Mengzhen , Cao Linan , Wu Ziqiang , Ma Xinxian
Published: November 2022

Synopsis: a versatile conductive elastomer with broad and long-term temperature tolerance for dual-responsive sensors.
Black graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with mid-gap states realizing highly efficient near-infrared photo-thermal conversion for photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yang Li , Yan Haining , Tian Beibei , Zhu Xiaojiao
Published: November 2022

Bandgap-engineered black graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (denoted as B-g-C3N4) realized highly efficient photothermal conversion (62% at 808 nm), which were developed as a novel metal-free nanoagent for photoacoustic imaging.
Application of bioactive metal ions in the treatment of bone defects
Authors: Li Shaorong , Cui Yutao , Liu He , Tian Yuhang , Wang Gan , Fan Yi , Wang Jingwei , Wu Dankai , Wang Yanbing
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the research of metal ions has become more extensive in bone tissue engineering. We review the mechanism and application of metal ions in the treatment of different pathological types of bone defects in bone tissue engineering.
Electrochemical biosensors based on saliva electrolytes for rapid detection and diagnosis
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Tang Yufei , Cheng Yuhua , Huang Wei , Xiang Lin
Published: November 2022

Recent developments in electrochemical biosensors (ECBSs) for real-time disease diagnosis and point-of-care testing in salivaviarelevant biomarker detection are reviewed.
Self-assembly and biophysical properties of archaeal lipids
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahanjit
Published: November 2022

Archaea constitute one of the three fundamental domains of life. Archaea possess unique lipids in their cell membranes which distinguish them from bacteria and eukaryotes. This difference in lipid composition is referred to as ‘Lipid Divide' and its origins remain elusive. Chemical inertness and the highly branched nature of the archaeal lipids afford the membranes stability against extremes of temperature, pH, and salinity. Based on the molecular architecture, archaeal polar lipids are of two types — monopolar and bipolar. Both monopolar and bipolar lipids have been shown to form vesicles and other well-defined membrane architectures. Bipolar archaeal lipids are among the most unique lipids found in nature because of their membrane-spanning nature and mechanical stability. The majority of the self-assembly studies on archaeal lipids have been carried out using crude polar lipid extracts or molecular mimics. The complexity of the archaeal lipids makes them challenging to synthesize chemically, and as a result, studies on pure lipids are few. There is an ongoing effort to develop simplified routes to synthesize complex archaeal lipids to facilitate diverse biophysical studies and pharmaceutical applications. Investigation on archaeal lipids may help us understand how life survives in extreme conditions and therefore unlock some of the mysteries surrounding the origins of cellular life.
MAXI J1348–630: Estimating the black hole mass and binary inclination using a scaling technique
Authors: Titarchuk Lev , Seifina Elena
Published: November 2022

The multi-wavelength outburst activity in the recently discovered X-ray binary transient MAXI J1348–630 has sparked a great deal of controversy about the characteristics of this binary and questions around whether the source contains a black hole (BH). Here, we present the results of our analysis of the outburst of MAXI J1348–630 using Swift/XRT data. We find that energy spectra in all spectral states can be modeled using a combination of Comptonization and Gaussian iron-line components. In addition, we show that the X-ray photon index, Γ, is correlated with the mass accretion rate, Ṁ. We find that Γ increases monotonically with Ṁ from the low-hard state to the high-soft state, and then becomes saturated at Γ∼ 3. This index behavior is similar to that exhibited by a number of other BH candidates. This result represents observational evidence of the presence of a BH in MAXI J1348–630. We also show that the value of Γ is correlated with the quasi periodic oscillation frequency, νL. Based on this correlation, we applied a scaling method to estimate a BH mass of 14.8 ± 0.9 M⊙, using the well-studied BH binary XTE J1550–564 as a reference source. The recent discovery of a giant dust scattering ring around MAXI J1348–630 by SRG/eROSITA has refined distance estimates to this X-ray source. With this distance, we were able to estimate the disk inclination i = (65 ± 7)° using the scaling technique for the correlation between Γ and normalization proportional to Ṁ. We detected a specific behavior of the disk seed photon temperature, kTs, immediately before the outburst: kTs initially decreases from 0.4 to 0.2 keV and increases only after the source transits to the outburst rise-maximum phase. An initial decrease in kTs occurred simultaneously with an increase in the illumination fraction, f. We interpreted this effect in terms of the bulk motion Comptonization model. At the start of the outburst, the Compton cloud (or “corona”) is very extended and, thus, the seed photons injected to the corona from the relatively far-away disk region, where kTs is about 0.2–0.4 keV. While Ṁ increases (or luminosity increases), the corona contracts, thus increasing the seed photon temperature, kTs. It is possible that such a decrease in kTs occurring simultaneously with an increase in the illumination fraction, f, can be considered a signature of the readiness of a BH object to go into an outburst phase.
A Synthesis of Energy Transition Policies in Finland, China
Authors: Guo Wen , Pan Jiaofeng , Liang Liting , Kuusisto Jari , Ma Yanran
Published: November 2022

Since 2017 Finland and China have been developing a future-oriented partnership based on mutual economic and business interests. The starting point for this work is the recognition of significant differences in size, culture, and political as well as economic systems between the two sides. The Sino-Finnish cooperation in energy transition can provide a good example of mutually beneficial partnership where countries complement each other in terms of know-how and resources. This paper brings together the main findings from the policy study on energy transition in Finland and China. It aims to identify potential policy initiatives for expanding Sino-Finnish cooperation towards green growth.
The Correlation between Characteristics, Knowledge of Nutrition and Nutritional Status (H/A) among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Medan City
Authors: Rukmana Erni , Purba Rasita , Rahman Nurfazriah Latifah , Marjuang Purba Edy
Published: November 2022

Background: The growth and development of children under five years (toddlers) is an indicator of nutritional status in the community. North Sumatra Province is one of 27 provinces with the high prevalence of stunting (>=20%). Objective: This study aimed to identify a correlation between characteristics, knowledge of nutrition and nutritional status (H/A) among children aged 6-59 Months in Medan City. Methods: This observational study used a cross-sectional study design and was conducted from June to July 2022 at Titi Papan Primary Healthcare Center, Medan Deli District, Medan City. Sampling in this study was carried out using a random sampling technique, and the total samples were 153 toddlers. The independent variables in this study were characteristics and mother’s knowledge. While the dependent variable in this study was the nutritional status (H/A). Results: There were significant relationships between age (ρ=0.000), birth weight (ρ=0.018), family income (ρ=0.025) with nutritional status (H/A) of children aged 6-59 months, while characteristics such as birth length, family size and mother’s knowledge were not related with nutritional status. Conclusions: Nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months was influenced by birth weight. Babies with low birth weight (LBW) has a risk of stunting than those with normal weight.
The Relationship between Eating and Screen Viewing Behavior with Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Medan City
Authors: Permatasari Tyas , Destani Sandy Yatty , Pratiwi Caca , Yori Damanik Kanaya , Irene Silitonga Agnes
Published: November 2022

Adolescents are vulnerable to experiencing malnutrition issues, both overnutrition and undernutrition. This study’s objective was to determine the relationship between eating and screen viewing behaviour and with nutritional status of adolescents. This study used a cross-sectional design with 145 adolescents chosen through the purposive sampling method. The samples were divided into three categories: early adolescents, middle adolescents, and late adolescents, and data on eating behaviour were obtained by using Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ). The screen viewing behavior variable had two categories: low screen time and high screen time. Adolescent body mass index z-scores measured nutritional status. This study was conducted from June to August 2022. Results showed 5.5% underweight participants, 18.6% subject overweight participants, and 22.8% obese participants of the total participants. Spearman’s tests showed that there was a significant relationship between eating behaviour and nutritional status (p<0.05) only on two subscales of appetite traits (emotional overeating and food responsiveness) in early adolescents. Likewise, in late adolescents, there was a significant relationship between eating behaviour and nutritional status (p<0.05) only with emotional undereating. There was no significant relationship between screen viewing behaviour and nutritional status in all categories of adolescents. The highest prevalence of obesity was found in early adolescents, and it influenced the adolescent’s eating behavior such as emotional overeating. While in late adolescents, malnutrition cases were more or less common due to emotional undereating.
Lean Healthcare Implementation: How is The Employee’s Acceptance?
Authors: Rahmawati Nahardian Vica , Munaa Nihayatul , Ummah Faizatul
Published: November 2022

Lean healthcare is a new concept in hospital management that not only focus on patient value but also efficiency. This study aimed to understand how far the employees bring lean healthcare implementation in to their daily work. Lean healthcare phylosophy tend to built a lean culture. This study used a descriptive qualitative study design with lean team in several unit in Panti Rapih Hospital. This study adopted an instrument of Lean in Healthcare Quistionaire which measure four domain principal of lean, they are pylosophy, process, people and partner, and problem solving. Result of this study showed that not all indicators have met the highest level of maturity of lean healthcare implementation. Indicator standardization still low in the iplementation, in the other hand rewarding staff system is Panti rapih Hospital already design and have the haighest score. The management should focus on the improvement of job evaluation process with a certain indicator or procedures. Threfore, the employee’s performance can be improve directly from the result of evaluation.
Vaginale Untersuchung – Sinn und Nutzen vor der
Geburt
Authors: Hentrich Tino
Published: November 2022

Die vaginale Untersuchung (VU) wird in der Geburtshilfe
routinemäßig zur Beurteilung des Geburtsfortschritts eingesetzt.
Doch auch in der Vorsorge ist die Palpation der Portio vielfach gängige
Praxis. Der Autor hinterfragt Sinn und Nutzen der Intervention im
Schwangerschaftsverlauf und erörtert anhand von Leitlinien, Studien und
seiner klinischen Praxis, wann die vaginale Untersuchung sinnvoll ist und wann
darauf verzichtet werden sollte.
Pembrolizumab-induced acute exacerbation of hepatitis D
Authors: Fichtl Anna , Beck Annika , Seufferlein Thomas , Zizer Eugen
Published: November 2022

A 55-year-old man was treated with combined immunochemotherapy (pembrolizumab, carboplatin and pemetrexed) because of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, the patient had a medical history of chronic hepatitis B/D virus infection and cystic echinococosis. The viral hepatitis co-infection was treated with pegylated interferon (IFN)-alpha and tenofovir in the past (non-response after treatment), followed by maintenance therapy with tenofovir. Since the echinococosis was inactive, there was no need for specific treatment. The therapy for NSCLC had to be stopped after three weeks due to rising liver enzymes. HDV-RNA could be detected as high as 107 GE/mL in the serum, HBV-DNA was not detected. A liver biopsy was performed. Histological analysis showed a chronic and partly active hepatitis, but its aetiology remained unclear. Because of the stable viral load after the first administration of pembrolizumab, an autoimmune-induced liver injury was suspected. Thus, a prednisolone-treatment was initiated. Yet, the liver enzyme levels did not decline, so bulevirtide (2 mg/d s.c.) was added to the ongoing antiviral treatment with tenofovir. This new treatment combination led to a restitution of the elevated enzymes; HDV-RNA was below detection limit. Finally, the therapy for NSCLC could be continued. The antiviral therapy could improve the patient´s prognosis significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a pembrolizumab-induced exacerbation of hepatitis D and a successful management by application of bulevirtide in the context of cancer.
Comparison of High Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound and Ischemic
Compression Techniques for the Treatment of Latent Myofascial Trigger Points: A
Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Pala Gamze Gülsün , Mutlu Ebru Kaya , Taşkıran Hanifegül
Published: November 2022

Objective Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) have been defined as discrete
and hyperirritable areas located within a taut band of skeletal muscle or
fascia, which when compressed produce pain, tenderness, dysfunction and
autonomic phenomena. The treatment techniques aimed to return the fiber groups
to their optimum length and end plates to their optimum function. Ischemic
Compression (IC) and of High Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound (HPPT-US) are among
the treatment techniques used for MTrPs. The aim of the current study is to
compare the efficacy of IC and HTTP-US which was applied in different ways on
MTrPs treatment.

Patients and Methods This is a randomized prospective study conducted with
153 participants have at least three latent trigger points. Participants
received HPPT-US technique in which the intensity is kept constant at the pain
level, HPPT-US technique in which the intensity is kept constant at half the
pain level or IC. Outcome measures were the Visual Analog Scale, Beck Depression
Inventory, Neck Pain and Disability Scale, number of deactivated MTrPs and Pain
Pressure Threshold (PPT).

Results Pain, psychological status and disability improved in each group;
there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). PPT
increased in each group; a significant difference was found between the groups
(p<0.05). IC was slightly more effective than HPPT-US.

Conclusion Our results have shown that HPPT-US which was applied in
different ways and IC were effective therapies for latent trigger points.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters Insertion by Interventional Radiologists: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Alhussaini Khadijah , Abulqasim Shaima , Al-Sharydah Abdulaziz Mohammad , Elhassan Elwaleed , Arabi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Objectives This article evaluates the short- and long-term outcomes of percutaneous peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters inserted by interventional radiology service and analyzes the factors that affect the sustainability of patent and functional PD catheters.

Materials and Methods Retrospective single-institution study between April 2015 and February 2021. A total of 131 patients (75 males) were enrolled with mean age of 50 ± 19.6 years with an average body mass index (BMI) of 28 ± 7 kg/m2. Technical and clinical success were evaluated. Catheter-related complications were classified into mechanical and nonmechanical categories, including infectious complications. Indications for removal were analyzed.

Results Technical and clinical success were 100%. The average dwelling time for the entire cohort was 497.5 ± 462.3 days. Forty-six patients (35%) were on PD at the last follow-up with an average dwelling time of 492 days. PD-related complications were reported in 79/131 (60.3%) patients, including peritonitis (40.46%; 53/131), followed by malposition/migration (12.21%; 16/131), tunnel/exit site infection (10.69%; 14/131), and dysfunction (12.21%; 16/131). The incidence of peritonitis within 30 days postinsertion was 9.43% (5/53). The average interval between insertion and migration was 100.5 ± 144.8 days (95% confidence interval, 6.9–14.4). There was a trend for a higher rate of malposition/migration in patients with higher BMI (p = 0.0561). Causes for PD catheters removal were: (1) infection-related (24.4%; 32/131), (2) renal transplant recipients (16%; 21/131), (3) mechanical complications (13.7%; 18/131), and (4) patient's preference (7.6%; 10/131).

Conclusion Percutaneous PD catheter placement by interventional radiologists provides acceptable long-term outcomes and complication rates that meet the recommended standards.
Increasing comfort, safety, and durability of future wearable devices
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: November 2022

Current techniques, challenges, and prospects of deformable lithium-ion batteries in flexible electronics
Migration of carbon atoms in irradiated and non-irradiated alpha-iron studied by magnetic after-effect
Authors: Prester M. , Drobac D. , Marohnić Ž. , Roldán M. , Sánchez F. J. , Siketić Z. , Tadić T.
Published: November 2022

Magnetic After-Effect (MAE) and magnetic AC susceptibility studies have been performed on high-purity non-irradiated and Fe-ion irradiated, α-Fe foil samples in the high-temperature range, which became experimentally accessible recently. The pronounced difference in the temperature profile of MAE between non-irradiated and irradiated samples has been identified and ascribed to the trapping of carbon in the irradiated sample into structures that are reluctant to decompose by standard temperature cycling. The accurate background of MAE relaxations at 430 and 610 K in non-irradiated α-Fe samples has been scrutinized by the annealing-type studies in temperature and time domains to conclude that it relies on the formation, decomposition, and mutual transformations of carbide nanoprecipitates nucleated in dislocations, grain boundaries, and in the bcc matrix. Long-term trapping of migrating carbon into carbides and in the 100 nm thick surface layer has also been shown to take place.
Structural dynamics of proteins explored via time-resolved x-ray liquidography
Authors: Lee Yunbeom , Lee Hyosub , Ihee Hyotcherl
Published: November 2022

The structure of a protein is closely related to its biological function. In this regard, structural changes, as well as static structures, have been scrutinized as essential elements in understanding and controlling the function of a protein. In particular, the structural change in the solution phase needs to be elucidated to properly understand protein functions under physiological conditions. Time-resolved x-ray liquidography (TRXL), also known as time-resolved x-ray solution scattering, has attracted attention as a powerful experimental method for studying the structural dynamics of proteins in the solution phase. Initially, TRXL was used to study the structural dynamics of small molecules in the solution phase, and later, its application was extended to probe the structural changes in proteins. Via TRXL, structural changes ranging from large quaternary movements to subtle rearrangements of the tertiary structures have been successfully elucidated. In this review, we introduce various studies using TRXL to investigate the structural dynamics of proteins. These include early TRXL studies on model systems, those on photoreceptor proteins, and recent studies using stimuli beyond the direct photoexcitation of proteins.
Neutron-yield reduction in sawtooth crashes from n = 2 resonant magnetic perturbations in EAST
Authors: Xu Liqing , Xu Ming , Chao Yan , Yuan Yi , Zhong Guoqiang , Jia Manni , Zhang Jiayuan , Chu Yuqi , Liu Jianwen , Duan Yanmin , Zhang Bin , Mai Chaowei , Hu Liqun
Published: November 2022

A significant reduction in neutron yield in the plasma core has been observed in EAST neutral beam injection into plasmas with a low-edge safe factor of q95=3.5 and a n = 2 resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) during a sawtooth crash. Harmonics of the m/n = 1/1 mode (m and n being the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers) develop simultaneously. A sawtooth crash is triggered when the current of the RMP exceeds a critical value; saturated fishbone phase occurs with small RMP currents. Soft x-ray (SXR) tomographic patterns obtained during sawtooth crashes have annular hot-ring shapes outside the q = 1 surface that are similar to those of double tearing modes triggered by off-axis sawtooth crashes in TFTR reversed magnetic shear plasma. M3D nonlinear simulations confirmed the initial penetration of the n = 2 RMP in the plasma core and further demonstrated a complete sawtooth crash with the appearance of a right annular hot ring near the q = 1 surface. Reconstruction of the trajectory of SXR signals before the crash shows chaotic behavior. Moreover, a high-frequency mode was seen to appear just before the sawtooth crash, accompanied by an edge geodesic acoustic mode. This edge mode is free in the saturated fishbone phase. The role of high-frequency mode in the sawtooth crash remains unclear.
A scalable cryogenic LED module for selectively illuminating kinetic inductance detector arrays
Authors: Shroyer J. E. , Nelson M. , Walters L. , Johnson B. R.
Published: November 2022

We present the design and measured performance of a light emitting diode (LED) module for spatially mapping kinetic inductance detector (KID) arrays in the laboratory. Our novel approach uses a multiplexing scheme that only requires seven wires to control 480 red LEDs, and the number of LEDs can be scaled up without adding any additional wires. This multiplexing approach relies on active surface mount components that can operate at cryogenic temperatures down to 10 K. Cryogenic tests in liquid nitrogen and inside our cryostat demonstrate that the multiplexer circuit works at 77 and 10 K, respectively. The LED module presented here is tailored for our millimeter-wave detector modules, but the approach could be adapted for use with other KID-based detector systems.
Thermal effects on TiN/Ti/HfO2/Pt memristors charge conduction
Authors: Jiménez-Molinos F. , Vinuesa G. , García H. , Tarre A. , Tamm A. , Kalam K. , Kukli K. , Dueñas S. , Castán H. , González M. B. , Campabadal F. , Roldán J. B.
Published: November 2022

TiN/Ti/HfO2/Pt resistive switching devices have been fabricated, measured, and modeled. After programming the devices in the low resistance state, the current–voltage characteristic below the reset switching voltage was measured at different temperatures (from 90 to 350 K). A weak but complex temperature dependence was obtained for several voltage regimes. These memristors belong to a wider set known as valence change memories, whose conductance is determined by the formation of conductive filaments (CFs) linked to a high density of oxygen vacancies in a dielectric sandwiched between two metal electrodes. This usually leads to ohmic conduction in the low resistance state. However, a non-linear current dependence has been also observed in the measured devices, in addition to symmetric current–voltage curves for positive and negative biases in the 0–0.6 V voltage range. Three different thermal dependences have been considered for explaining the whole set of experimental data. Two of them are linked to ohmic filamentary conduction; the CF shows a conductivity enhancement due to thermally activated mechanisms at low temperatures; on the contrary, a CF conductivity degradation is observed at the higher temperatures. Finally, an additional slightly higher value for the non-linear current component as the temperature rises has also been taken into account. A semiempirical compact model has been implemented including these conduction mechanisms and their corresponding temperature dependences, the device has been simulated in LT-Spice and the experimental currents have been correctly reproduced.
Statistical dynamics of driven systems of confined interacting particles in the overdamped-motion regime
Authors: Curilef S. , Plastino A. R. , Wedemann R. S.
Published: November 2022

Systems consisting of confined, interacting particles doing overdamped motion admit an effective description in terms of nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations. The behavior of these systems is closely related to the Sq power-law entropies and can be interpreted in terms of the Sq-based thermostatistics. The connection between overdamped systems and the Sq measures provides valuable insights on diverse physical problems, such as the dynamics of interacting vortices in type-II superconductors. The Sq-thermostatistical approach to the study of many-body systems described by nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations has been intensively explored in recent years, but most of these efforts were restricted to systems affected by time-independent external potentials. Here, we extend this treatment to systems evolving under time-dependent external forces. We establish a lower bound on the work done by these forces when they drive the system during a transformation. The bound is expressed in terms of a free energy based on the Sq entropy and is satisfied even if the driving forces are not derivable from a potential function. It constitutes a generalization, for systems governed by nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations involving general time-dependent external forces, of the H-theorem satisfied by these systems when the external forces arise from a time-independent potential.
Derivation and analytical solutions of a non-linear diffusion equation applied to non-constant heat conductivity and ionic diffusion in glasses
Authors: Curilef Sergio
Published: November 2022

This paper derives a non-linear diffusion equation discussing two possible applications: the ionic diffusion in glasses and temperature-dependent conductivity in semiconductors. The first equation is a logarithmic diffusion derived formally from the continuity of ion concentration, but the latter is a more phenomenological example. A power-law ansatz with time-dependent parameters maximizes a non-standard entropy and gives a set of coupled motion equations we can solve analytically. These results build the general solution to the non-linear diffusion equation.
Using low voltage ionization chamber (LVIC) in current mode for energy spectrum reconstruction: Experiments and validation
Authors: Mazon D. , Colette D. , Soudet E. , Malard P. , Walsh M. , Moreau M. , Jardin A.
Published: November 2022

Due to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) radiative environment, in particular during high D–T power phase, classic x-ray detectors, such as semiconductor diodes, might be too fragile and are thus not viable. Instead, robust detectors, such as gas-filled detectors, are nowadays considered. The Low Voltage Ionization Chamber (LVIC) is one of the most promising candidates for x-ray measurement during the ITER nuclear phase. A complete model of the detector, recently developed at IRFM (Intitute for Research on Magnetic Fusion), now requires experimental validation. Experimental testing at the IRFM laboratory of an ITER industrial LVIC prototype and comparison with modeling are presented. In particular, an original approach to extract information on the x-ray spectrum from current-mode LVIC measurement is validated experimentally.
Analytical modeling of electromagnetic rotation in nonreciprocal media
Authors: Poddar Swadesh , Rafi Ragib Shakil , Tanvir Hasan Md.
Published: November 2022

Reciprocity is a fundamental principle that follows the time reversal symmetry of physics. However, many practical applications require breaking time reversal symmetry, hence, are called nonreciprocal. This article aims at discussing time reversal symmetry, developing fundamental building block to achieve nonreciprocity leading to robust analytical model to explain electromagnetic rotation upon propagation through a nonreciprocal medium. Detailed mathematical derivation is presented for Faraday and Kerr rotation in the presence of external bias which breaks time reversal symmetry and leads to achieve nonreciprocal system. We validate our proposed model for conventional conditions and we compute the Faraday and Kerr rotation from a reported article using our proposed mathematical model and observed excellent agreement.
Ionoluminescence and optical transmission investigation of ZnO(In) fast ceramic scintillator irradiated with swift heavy ions
Authors: Saifulin Maxim , Boutachkov Plamen , Gorokhova Elena , Rodnyi Piotr , Simon Pascal , Trautmann Christina , Venevtsev Ivan , Walasek-Höhne Beata
Published: November 2022

Indium doped zinc oxide, ZnO(In), is a promising scintillation material for nanosecond-fast beam monitoring and counting heavy ions of MeV energy and above. We investigated the ionoluminescence and UV/Vis light transmission spectra that occur in ZnO(In) ceramic exposed to 4.8 MeV/u 48Ca and 197Au ions up to 5×1012 and 2×1011ions/cm2, respectively. Ionoluminescence and UV/Vis light transmission spectra were measured online as a function of fluence. Ionoluminescence is characterized by an intensive single emission band at 387 nm due to near-band-edge emission. We observed that the loss of the ionoluminescence intensity is more sensitive to the ion-beam-induced radiation damage than the loss of the optical transmission. The ionoluminescence intensity reduction as a function of ion fluence is described within the Birks–Black model. ZnO(In) exhibits higher radiation hardness and, thus, a longer lifetime than plastic scintillators used so far for fast-counting applications.
Oxygen doped argyrodite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Wu Ming , Liu Gaozhan , Yao Xiayin
Published: November 2022

Highly conductive argyrodite electrolytes are considered to be one of the most prospective solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. However, poor electrochemical compatibility with a Li anode restrains their application. Herein, oxygen doping is adopted to improve the chemical and electrochemical performance of the argyrodite electrolyte. Meanwhile, the Cl−/S2− ratio is increased to enhance the lithium ionic conductivity. The resultant Li6.05PS4.9O0.1Cl1.05 electrolyte exhibits a high conductivity of 7.49 mS cm−1. Benefitting from the stable Li3OCl formed at the electrolyte/Li interface and the low electronic conductivity arising from the oxygen doping, a Li6.05PS4.9O0.1Cl1.05 electrolyte shows excellent interfacial stability and lithium dendrites suppression capability. A Li/Li6.05PS4.9O0.1Cl1.05/Li cell can maintain stable Li plating/stripping for 13 000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Moreover, a high critical current density up to 1.3 mA cm−2 of Li6.05PS4.9O0.1Cl1.05 is realized. Consequently, the LiCoO2/Li6.05PS4.9O0.1Cl1.05/Li batteries achieve remarkable better cycling stability than that using pristine Li6PS5Cl, possessing a reversible capacity of 104.6 mAh g−1 at 1C with a capacity retention of 86.7% after 300 cycles.
Prediction of ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal and antiferromagnetic topological insulator phases in MnHg2Te3
Authors: Wang Qi , Huang Keer , Zhao Wu , Li Lei , Wang Xuewen
Published: November 2022

Based on first-principles band-structure calculations, we predict that FM MnHg2Te3 is a Weyl semimetal candidate. When the direction of spin polarization is toward the c-axis, there are six Weyl points in the whole Brillouin zone. With spin orientation along the a-axis, there exist eight Weyl points. For AFM MnHg2Te3, when the spin direction is along the c-axis, the band structure is fully gapped. The calculation of the Z2 number confirms that AFM-c MnHg2Te3 is a 3D AFM topological insulator. Adjusting the spin direction from the c-axis to the a-axis only changes the bandgap without affecting the topological properties of this system. The gapless surface-state on the (100) surface is also obtained, the results of which correspond with the properties of the AFM topological insulator.
Quasi-bound state in the continuum supported by a compound grating waveguide structure for high-figure-of-merit refractive-index sensing
Authors: Wu Feng , Qin Meibao , Xiao Shuyuan
Published: November 2022

Herein, we realize quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) in a compound grating waveguide structure with a complex lattice. The first layer of the structure is a grating layer composed of two dielectric ridges with different heights and the same width, while the second layer of the structure is a dielectric waveguide layer supporting the guided mode. As the height difference in two dielectric ridges changes from a non-zero value to zero, the lattice of the structure turns from a complex lattice with the period Λ to a simple lattice with the half of the previous period Λ′=Λ/2. Therefore, the previous excitable odd-order resonant guided modes cannot be excited and become BICs. Assisted by the ultra-high Q factor of the quasi-BIC, we achieve high-performance refractive-index sensing at near-infrared wavelengths. Under the proper design, the optimum sensitivity and figure of merit (FoM) reach 676.8 nm/RIU and 9543 RIU−1, respectively. Compared with the reported refractive-index sensors based on surface plasmon polaritons, localized surface plasmon resonances, and Bloch surface waves, the optimum sensitivity achieved in this work reaches the same order of magnitude, while the optimum FoM achieved in this work is one or two orders of magnitude higher. Our work reveals that quasi-BICs would become a powerful competitive mechanism to achieve high-performance refractive-index sensing.
Outer layer scintillating fiber for low-energy β-ray detection
Authors: Toyama Sho , Matsuyama Shigeo , Miwa Misako , Akari Masashi , Fujita Katsuhiro
Published: November 2022

Standard plastic scintillating fiber cannot detect low-energy β-rays as the cladding prevents them from reaching the fiber core. We developed an outer-layer scintillating (OLS) fiber with a plastic scintillator on the outermost layer for low-energy β-ray detection. The concept of fiber construction is presented. The fundamental optical properties of the OLS fiber, such as the emission spectrum, attenuation length, and scintillation decay time, were evaluated. Here, Ni-63 with a maximum energy of 67.0 keV was used as a low-energy β-emitting nuclide. Simulation studies on the interaction between low-energy electrons emitted from Ni-63 and a single fiber were performed prior to actual measurements. The data showed that Ni-63 can be measured using silicon photomultiplier photosensors in a coincidence mode. The OLS fiber was effective for low-energy β-ray detection.
Quantitative evaluation of emission uniformity of the annular explosive emission cathode
Authors: Wu Ping , Liu Jiayao , Hua Ye , Zhu Meng
Published: November 2022

Explosive emission cathodes (EECs) are widely used in the field requiring intense electron beams. The uniform emission of EECs is vital for applications. To effectively evaluate the emission uniformity of annular EECs, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation model based on the analysis of cathode plasma images and constructs a parameter which is named as the non-uniformity value to describe the extent of emission uniformity. The experiment designed to investigate the cathode emission uniformity under different circumstances demonstrates that the model is valid. The experimental results give quantitative information of uniformity change in explosive emission and show that the non-uniformity values of graphite and aluminum cathodes can be significantly decreased by increasing the guiding magnetic field and the diode voltage.
Mg/Ti doping co-promoted high-performance P2-Na0.67Ni0.28Mg0.05Mn0.62Ti0.05O2 for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Xie Zhi-Yu , Xing Xuanxuan , Yu Lianzheng , Chang Yu-Xin , Yin Ya-Xia , Xu Li , Yan Mengmeng , Xu Sailong
Published: November 2022

Transition-metal layered oxides (such as P2-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2) are suggested as one type of the most potential cathode candidates for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high capacity and low cost; however, they suffer from the structural damage and sluggish Na+ kinetics resulting from the undesirable phase transformation of P2−O2 and the Na+/vacancy ordering, respectively. Herein, a Mg/Ti co-doped P2-Na0.67Ni0.28Mg0.05Mn0.62Ti0.05O2 layered oxide is demonstrated as a high-efficiency cathode material for SIBs. The cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 135.5 mAh g−1, good cycling stability (82.7 mAh g−1 upon 100 cycles at 0.1C), and an attractive energy density of 479.4 Wh Kg−1. Furthermore, the phase transition from the undesirable P2−O2 to the reversible P2−OP4 demonstrated by in situ XRD and the partially suppressed Na+/vacancy ordering as well as the improved electronic and ionic conductivities all give rise to the enhancement. These results show the important role of cationic co-doping in designing and preparing high-efficiency layered oxide cathode materials for SIBs.
Dipole-exchange spin waves in unsaturated ferromagnetic nanorings with interfacial Dzyaloshinski–Moriya interactions
Authors: Hussain Bushra , Cottam Michael G.
Published: November 2022

A theoretical analysis is made for the quantized spin waves in single-layered ferromagnetic nanorings with the added effect of interfacial Dzyaloshinski–Moriya interactions (DMI). A microscopic, or Hamiltonian-based, formalism is employed that includes competing terms for the symmetric (bilinear) exchange interactions, the antisymmetric DMI, the magnetic dipole–dipole interactions, and applied magnetic field. It is found that, in our model, the transition field value between vortex and onion states is shifted by the inclusion of DMI effects. Significantly, the spin-wave frequencies are also modified with the effects being largest in the onion state close to the transition field. We present combined analytical and numerical results obtained for the static and dynamical magnetization, including the frequencies and amplitudes (with relative phase) of the spin waves when interfacial DMI is present.
Validation of ray-based cross-beam energy transfer models
Authors: Follett R. K. , Colaïtis A. , Turnbull D. , Froula D. H. , Palastro J. P.
Published: November 2022

Ray-based cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) models have become a common feature of the radiation-hydrodynamic codes used to simulate inertial confinement fusion experiments. These models are necessary for achieving better agreement with experimental measurements, but their detailed implementation can vary widely between the codes and often rely on artificial multipliers. To address this, a series of 2D and 3D test cases has been developed with validated solutions from wave-based calculations. Comparisons of various ray-based CBET models to the wave-based calculations highlight the essential physics that is required for accurate ray-based CBET modeling. Quantitative comparison metrics and/or field data from the wave-based calculations have been made available for use in the validation of other ray-based CBET codes.
Structural evolution in Au- and Pd-based metallic glass forming liquids and the case for improved molecular dynamics force fields
Authors: Chen F. Z. , Ruhland K. , Umland C. , Bertrand S. M. , Vogt A. J. , Kelton K. F. , Mauro N. A.
Published: November 2022

The results of a combined experimental and computational investigation of the structural evolution of Au81Si19, Pd82Si18, and Pd77Cu6Si17 metallic glass forming liquids are presented. Electrostatically levitated metallic liquids are prepared, and synchrotron x-ray scattering studies are combined with embedded atom method molecular dynamics simulations to probe the distribution of relevant structural units. Metal–metalloid based metallic glass forming systems are an extremely important class of materials with varied glass forming ability and mechanical processibility. High quality experimental x-ray scattering data are in poor agreement with the data from the molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrating the need for improved interatomic potentials. The first peak in the x-ray static structure factor in Pd77Cu6Si17 displays evidence for a Curie–Weiss type behavior but also a peak in the effective Curie temperature. A proposed order parameter distinguishing glass forming ability, 1/ST,q1−1, shows a peak in the effective Curie temperature near a crossover temperature established by the behavior of the viscosity, TA.
Development of a 50-A heaterless hollow cathode for electric thrusters
Authors: Payman Adele R. , Goebel Dan M.
Published: November 2022

Hollow cathodes in electric thrusters normally use an external heater to raise the thermionic electron emitter to emission temperatures. These heaters are a potential single-point failure in the thruster and add a separate power supply to the power processing unit. Heaterless hollow cathodes are attractive for their compact size and potential higher reliability but have only been reliably demonstrated to date in small hollow cathodes capable of discharge currents below around 5 A. A new heaterless LaB6 hollow cathode has been developed that is capable of discharge currents from 5 to 50 A. The cathode configuration extends the gas feed tube at cathode potential part way into the emitting insert region of the cathode. A high-voltage Paschen discharge is struck from the tube to the keeper that heats the tube tip, which then efficiently heats the insert by radiation. This configuration eliminates the arcing observed in prior large heaterless designs that coupled the high-voltage Paschen discharge to the orifice plate or the insert itself. Discharge current–voltage characteristics show that the presence of the tube does not significantly perturb the insert-region plasma. Startup uses a simple 3 min ignition procedure, and voltage traces of the keeper discharge reveal that much of the present tube-radiator’s 100-to-150 W heating power comes from an intermediate thermionic discharge sustained by the tube during the transition between the Paschen discharge and LaB6 insert thermionic regime. This novel heating mechanism enables an unprecedented class of higher-current heaterless hollow cathodes for the next generation of high-power electric propulsion systems.
Impact of power flow on Z-pinch loads
Authors: Tummel K. , Welch D. R. , Rose D. V. , Link A. J. , LeChien K. R.
Published: November 2022

Magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) are used to deliver tens of MA to a Z-pinch load. The MITLs suffer current losses due to contaminant plasma located in the anode–cathode gap which is swept toward the load along the power flow. The swept up contaminant plasma can deposit mass and energy onto the load resulting in deformations or the seeding of macroscopic instabilities. This paper discusses 2D fully kinetic simulations of the contaminant plasma evolution which predict the current losses and the flux of mass and energy onto the load. The effects of a dynamic, i.e., imploding, load are shown to increase both the current loss and the mass and energy flux. The MITL used is a conical, radially converging design which is a feature common to MA-scale Z-pinch accelerators.
Magneto-optical conductivity of nodal link semimetals
Authors: Zhao Hui , Sun Yanmei , Wang Hailong , Pan Hui
Published: November 2022

Nodal link semimetals as a type of topological semimetals are characterized by the nodal link rings in the Brillouin zone. The magneto-optical conductivity of nodal link semimetals is investigated numerically based on a system with a magnetic field. We find that in the system, the Landau levels (LLs) and magnetic field show a relationship of three halves power, which can lead to an intricate curved LLs. Due to the rich structure of LLs, we divided the LLs into four different regions to calculate the magneto-optical conductivity. We calculated the absorption peaks of longitudinal and Hall conductance of a neutral system and with different chemical potential. We find that the absorption peaks of longitudinal conductance are in a curved background in the whole range of magnetic field. When chemical potential is tuned to pass through the LLs, there are not only the intraband transition but also weak redistributed peaks in the low frequency. From the transition peaks of Hall conductance, we can find that there are several negative peaks because of the striking LLs spectrum structure. This will provide a feasible way to distinguish nodal link semimetals from other materials.