bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Risk Factors of Head Trauma with CT Scan Findings in Children with Minor Head Trauma Admitted to Hospital
Authors: Masoumi Babak , Heydari Farhad , Hatamabadi Hamidreza , Azizkhani Reza , Yoosefian Zahra , Zamani Majid
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: In emergency medicine for determining the intracranial injury (ICI) in children with head trauma, usually brain CT scan is performed. Since brain CT scan, especially in children, has some disadvantages, it is better to find a procedure which could help to choose only the children with real head trauma injury for brain CT scan.AIMS: The aim of this study is to find such procedure. This study was descriptive, analytic and non-interventional.METHODS: We reviewed the archived files of children with head trauma injuries referred to the emergency department of Imam Hossein Hospital within two years. Patientâ€™s CT scan findings and head trauma risk factors were evaluated in this study.RESULTS: Out of 368 patients, 326 patients had normal brain CT scan. 28 of them showed symptoms of ICI consisting intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), contusion, subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), subdural haemorrhage (SDH), epidural hematoma (EDH), and pneumocephalus. Twenty-seven patients showed skull FX, which 14 of them had an Isolated fracture, and 13 of them also showed symptoms of ICI. Since patients with isolated FX usually discharge quickly from Emergency Department; their data did not include in results of the study. The patients have been divided into two groups: 1- ICI, 2- without ICI. RR (relative risk), CI (Confidence interval) and sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and association of these risk factors with ICI were assessed with the Chi-2 test. In the end to determine the indications of CT scan, the presence of one of these five risk factors is important including abnormal mental status, clinical symptoms of skull FX, history of vomiting, craniofacial soft tissue injury (including subgaleal hematomas or laceration) and headache.CONCLUSIONS: For all other patients without these risk factors, observation and Follow Up can be used which has more advantages and less cost.
Comparison of Diagnostic Value of Sonourethrography with Retrograde Urethrography in Diagnosis of Anterior Urethral Stricture
Authors: Shahsavari Reza , Bagheri Seyed Morteza , Iraji Hamed
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: In spite of the advanced imaging methods, MRI and CT-Scan, the role of ultrasonography is still unique in some fields of genitourinary tract diseases.AIM: This study was aimed at assessing this role in the evaluation of male urinary stricture, and comparison with standard retrograde urethrography (SUG).METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The patients include those who were suspected of anterior urethral stricture and were introduced assessed with imaging techniques (RUG). The patient underwent ultrasonography too. The results of both methods were compared. RUG was considered as the gold standard for this comparison.RESULT: Ninety-seven patients were studied. The mean age was 46.9 Â± 11.7 years (range 21-88 years), in RUG, 22 patients (22.8%) and SUG 23 patients (23.7%) had a stricture, 3 cases with a stricture in RUG had not evidenced of stenosis in SUG. The mean length of urethral stricture in RUG was 12.9 Â± 8.1 mm and in SUG was 8.1 Â± 7.3 mm. The estimated length in RUG way was significantly higher than SUG way(P=0.025).The sensitivity and specificity in using of SUG were 86.6% and 94.6%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The result of this study showed stricture length measured by ultrasound is shorter than the length measured by RUG and the sensitivity and specificity in using of SUG was 86.6% and 94.6% respectively that due to the advantages it is an acceptable way.
Effect of Free Maternal Health Care Program on Health-seeking Behavior of Women during Pregnancy, Intra-partum and Postpartum Periods in Cross River State of Nigeria: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Edu Betta , Agan Thomas U. , Monjok Emmanuel , Makoweicka Krystyna
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Increasing the percentage of maternal health service utilization in health facilities, through cost-removal policy is important in reducing maternal deaths. The Cross River State Government of Nigeria introduced a cost-removal policy in 2009, under the umbrella of â€œPROJECT HOPEâ€ where free maternal health services are provided. Since its inception, there has been no formal evaluation of its effectiveness.Â AIM: This study aims to evaluate the effect of the free maternal health care program on the health care-seeking behaviours of pregnant women in Cross River State, Nigeria.METHOD: A mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative methods) was used to describe the effect of free maternal health care intervention. The quantitative component uses data on maternal health service utilisation obtained from PROJECT HOPE and Nigeria Demographic Health Survey. The qualitative part uses Focus Group Discussions to examine women's perception of the program.RESULTS: Results suggest weak evidence of change in maternal health care service utilization, as 95% Confidence Intervals overlap even though point estimate suggest increase in utilization. Results of quantitative data show increase in the percentage of women accessing maternal health services. This increase is greater than the population growth rate of Cross River State which is 2.9%, from 2010 to 2013. This increase is likely to be a genuine increase in maternal health care utilisation. Qualitative results showed that women perceived that there have been increases in the number of women who utilize Antenatal care, delivery and Post Partum Care at health facilities, following the removal of direct cost of maternal health services. There is urban and rural differences as well as between communities closer to health facility and those further off. Perceived barriers to utilization are indirect cost of service utilization, poor information dissemination especially in rural areas, perceived poor quality of care at facilities including drug and consumables stock-outs, geographical barriers, inadequate health work force, and poor attitude of skilled health workers and lack of trust in the health system.CONCLUSION: Reasons for Maternal health care utilisation even under a cost-removal policy is multi-factorial. Therefore, in addition to fee-removal, the government must be committed to addressing other deterrents so as to significantly increase maternal health care service utilisation.
Impact of the Dimensions of Diversity on the Quality of Nursing Care: The Case of Slovenia
Authors: Starc Jasmina , Erjavec Karmen
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: The key to diversity in nursing is that nurses can provide competent nursing care to patients, within the scope of their responsibilities, regardless of the patientsâ€™ personalities or primary and secondary factors.AIM: To research which dimensions of diversity influence the attitude of nurses towards patients and the quality of nursing care.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research study is based on the descriptive and causal non-experimental method of empirical research. The independent samples t-test was used, and the within subjects ANOVA with the Bonferroni posthoc test.RESULTS: There are statistically significant differences among the dimensions of diversity in the arithmetic means of the ratings of the impact on the quality of nursing (F (1.407, 579.658) = 103.307, p < 0.001). Based on the Bonferroni test, the impact of the â€œpersonalityâ€ dimension was rated statistically significantly higher than the impact of the dimensions of â€œprimary factorsâ€ (p < 0.001) and â€œsecondary factorsâ€ (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The diversity factors should be taken into account when developing knowledge of nurses for managing patients' diversity. In modern nursing care, the safe clinical environment needs to enable the patient to feel safe and dignified.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Karti Omer , Nalbantoglu Ozlem , Abali Saygin , Ayhan Ziya , Tunc Selma , Kusbeci Tuncay , Ozkan Behzat
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Early diabetic retinal changes in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were examined using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Sixty children with T1DM without DR and 60 normal children were enrolled in the study. SD-OCT was used to measure the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thicknesses in all participants.

RESULTS:

The GC-IPL thickness was significantly decreased in all quadrants except the superior-nasal quadrant in children with diabetes (
P
< .05). However, the RNFL thickness in all quadrants was not significantly different between the groups (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a decreased GC-IPL thickness in children with T1DM without DR, suggesting that T1DM has an early neurodegenerative effect on retinal ganglion cells that occurs when the vascular component of DR is absent. SD-OCT may be more useful than ophthalmoscopic evaluation for detecting the earlier retinal structural changes of diabetes.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:473–477.

]
The Quantitative Measurements of Vascular Density and Flow Areas of Macula Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Normal Volunteers
Authors: Ghassemi Fariba , Fadakar Kaveh , Bazvand Fatemeh , Mirshahi Reza , Mohebbi Masoumeh , Sabour Siamak
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The quantification of the density of macular vascular networks and blood flow areas in the foveal and parafoveal area in healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Cross-sectional, prospective study in an institutional setting at the Retina Services of Farabi Eye Hospital. One hundred twelve normal volunteers with no known ocular or systemic disease were included, including patient numbers (one or both eyes), selection procedures, inclusion/exclusion criteria, randomization procedure, and masking. En face angiogram OCTA was performed on a 3 mm × 3 mm region centered on the macula. Automated thresholding and measuring algorithm method for foveal and parafoveal blood flow and vascular density (VD) were used. The density of macular vascular networks and blood flow area in the foveal and parafoveal area were measured.

RESULTS:

A total of 224 healthy eyes from 112 subjects with a mean age of 36.4 years ± 11.3 years were included. In the foveal region, the VD of the superficial capillary network (sCN) was significantly higher than that of the deep capillary network (dCN) (31.1% ± 5.5% vs. 28.3% ± 7.2%;
P
< .001), whereas in the parafoveal area, VD was higher in the dCN (62.24% ± 2.8% vs. 56.5% ± 2.5%;
P
< .001). Flow area in the 1-mm radius circle in the sCN was less than in the dCN. Superficial foveal avascular zone (sFAZ) size was negatively correlated with the VD of the foveal sCN, but in the deep FAZ (dFAZ) was not correlated with VD or blood flow area of the fovea. There was no difference between measured VD and blood flow surface area in both eyes of the subjects.

CONCLUSIONS:

OCTA could be used as a noninvasive, repeatable, layer-free method in quantitative evaluation of VD and blood flow of macular area. The normal quantities of the vascular plexus density and flow will help in better understanding the pathophysiological basis of the vascular disease of retina.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:478–486.]
Imaging Characteristics and Natural History of Macular Pseudo-Folds Mimicking Full-Thickness Postoperative Macular Folds Following Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Sheng Jiwei , Levinson Joshua D. , Reilly Gayatri , Patronas Marena , Lai Michael M.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Postoperative retinal folds are a rare complication of retinal detachment repair. Folds involving the macula may result in decreased vision, metamorphopsia, and diplopia. There is no consensus on whether symptomatic folds require additional surgery, as both spontaneous regression and permanent vision loss have been described. The authors present three cases of symptomatic macular folds that demonstrated spontaneous resolution and identify key OCT prognostic signs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The study presented is a retrospective case series.

RESULTS:

Three patients developed symptomatic postoperative macular folds. Despite funduscopic appearances indistinguishable from full-thickness folds, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging revealed that none of the folds involved the full thickness of the retina. All cases demonstrated spontaneous resolution with evidence of visual improvement within 2 months.

CONCLUSION:

OCT is essential in distinguishing between partial and full-thickness macular folds. The authors propose that partial-thickness folds should be termed “pseudo-folds,” which represent a unique entity that has a favorable natural history.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:488–492.]
OCTA Imaging of Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Secondary to Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis
Authors: Türkcü Fatih Mehmet , Şahin Alparslan , Yüksel Harun , Şahin Muhammed , Karaalp Ümit
Published: June 2017

Two patients (a 37-year-old man and a 28-year-old woman) who had choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) secondary to inactive toxoplasma retinochoroiditis scarring were evaluated. Multimodal imaging including fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) was used. CNVM secondary to inactive toxoplasma retinochoroiditis scarring was detected. Representative images of CNVM were demonstrated in the outer retinal layer and choriocapillary layer on OCTA. OCTA, a relatively new technique, is useful in the diagnosis of the CNVMs secondary to retinochoroiditis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:509–511.]
Retinal Detachment Associated With Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kothari Nikisha , Young Ryan C. , Read Sarah P. , Tutiven Jacqueline , Perez Victor L. , Flynn Harry W. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: June 2017

Ocular manifestations related to atopic dermatitis include keratoconus, keratoconjunctivitis, cataract, and retinal detachment. The authors report three cases of retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis. Although the pathogenesis is poorly understood, chronic blunt trauma may play a role in the development of retinal detachment. In addition, retinal detachments associated with atopic dermatitis may have lower rates of successful retinal detachment repair.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:513–517.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Venous Loops in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Giuffrè Chiara , Carnevali Adriano , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Querques Lea , Querques Giuseppe , Bandello Francesco
Published: June 2017

Venous loops are relatively rare manifestations of diabetic retinopathy. The authors describe a case characterized by the development of a venous loop during a 3-year period. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) revealed a hyperintense signal from the lesion, attesting an ordinary flow into the venous loop. OCTA also showed an area of capillary loss in proximity of the lesion, which is in agreement with the proposed pathogenesis for venous loops, developed to bypass an area of retinal vessels occlusion.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:518–520.]
Efectos de la conquista en el entorno familiar de los conquistadores. Hernán Venegas y Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela, capitanes de la hueste de Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
Authors: García-Abásolo Antonio
Published: June 2017

Estudio de los efectos de la participación en la conquista de Nueva Granada en dos capitanes cordobeses y en su entorno familiar. La atención se centra en Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela y Hernán Venegas, a través de los cuales se muestran las relaciones mantenidas entre los que regresaron a España y los que permanecieron en Indias.
Historia geográfica, natural y civil del Reino de Chile (1782) del jesuita expulso Felipe Gómez de Vidaurre: una obra injustamente desvalorizada por la historiografía chilena
Authors: Figueroa Zúñiga Marcos A.
Published: June 2017

Este trabajo intentará presentar la Historia geográfica, natural y civil del Reino de Chile del jesuita chileno expulso Felipe Gómez de Vidaurre, que a pesar de que haya sido olvidada por la historiografía chilena contiene interesantes descripciones de los habitantes del Chile de fines del siglo XVIII y algunas propuestas para mejorar aspectos de la sociedad chilena, que la convierten en un texto valioso para comprender el periodo que precede a la independencia de Chile.
Deuda, trabajo y coerción. Las experiencias de colonización canaria en el Estado Oriental del Uruguay (1830-1843)
Authors: Thul Charbonnier Florencia
Published: June 2017

Este artículo pretende analizar las experiencias de colonización canaria impulsadas por particulares y con respaldo del Estado uruguayo durante la década de 1830. Se trata de un tipo especial de inmigración, ya que los individuos firmaban un contrato que los obligaba a permanecer trabajando en Uruguay hasta saldar la deuda de su pasaje desde Europa. El Estado, a través de la policía, actuaba como garante del cumplimiento de los contratos.
La merced despoblada. Tenencia y derechos de propiedad en las tierras de Maíz Gordo y Santa Bárbara (Jujuy, Argentina), 1850 a 1920
Authors: Fandos Cecilia A.
Published: June 2017

Centrado en los procesos de constitución de la tierra pública en la Argentina decimonónica este artículo aborda un caso particular —Maíz Gordo y Santa Bárbara (provincia de Jujuy)—, donde obró un fenómeno de fiscalización por desconocimiento de derechos privados debido al carácter de «merced despoblada». Nos proponemos indagar las formas y evolución de los derechos de propiedad durante todo este suceso teniendo en cuenta, por una parte, a los actores expropiados y a los nuevos propietarios y, por otra parte, a los sujetos que efectivamente las poblaban (puesteros, ocupantes de hecho, arrendatarios).
Dictadura militar argentina 1943-1946. Temor, rechazo y desconfianza en el Uruguay
Authors: Cerrano Carolina , López D’Alesandro Fernando
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se estudia cómo el Uruguay, y en concreto su gobierno, se posicionó ante la dictadura militar argentina de 1943 y 1946. El papel de los Estados Unidos fue fundamental en los lineamientos de la política exterior del pequeño país. A medida que el conflicto entre la Argentina y la «democracia del norte» se fue agravando, Uruguay se respaldó en su nuevo aliado poderoso para protegerse del «expansionismo» de su vecino y del ascenso del peronismo.
Modification of Natural Clay Surface with Manganese-Oxide for Removal of Cadmium(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Chansuvarn Woravith
Published: June 2017

Natural clay (NC) and its surface modified with manganese oxide (MnO-NC) was assessed for removal of Cd (II) ion by batch adsorptive process. The surface modification of NC was chemically prepared with manganese chloride in basic solution by simple procedure, resulting in larger surface area than raw material by about 10-times. FT-IR spectra and SEM photograph showed the unique characteristic of MnO-NC after chemically surface modification with MnO2 particles successfully set down onto the NC surface. Under optimum conditions as a function of solution pH of 6.0, adsorbent dose of 5 g/L, contact time of 15 min and initial cadmium concentration of 100 mg/L, the adsorption capacity reach to 30.6 mg/g. By comparing with NC, MnO-NC provides higher adsorptive capability than the one by about 30-times. Based on isotherm estimation, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed more suitable for both adsorbents with the best correlation coefficient (r2>0.99) than the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorptive kinetics of Cd (II) onto NC and MnO-NC followed the pseudo-second-order.
Decline in Sulfate Reducing Bacterial Consortia by the Sulfur Oxidizing Bacterial Activity
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai
Published: June 2017

In anaerobic environment, dominant sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) consortia are found to cause many serious problems to the oil such as sour oil, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and metal corrosion. They are obligatory anaerobes using sulfate, thiosulfate and sulfites as final electron acceptors and use organic acids or alcohols as a carbon source. In the aerobic system, other dominant niches are sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) playing role in biological oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. These SOB convert H2S into elemental sulfur (S0) by partial oxidation. Since the levels of reduction and oxidation are dependent on the oxygen concentration. In the condition of limited oxygen, sulfate generated by SOB can also be contributed to the reduction of oxygen which encourages SRB proliferation in anaerobic environment. In this research, we were interested to manage the conditions to control the dominant niches by management of oxygen levels. In the experiment, the concentration of sulfate concentration, acidity, sulfide were determined to understand the microbial activity. The results showed after cocultures of SRB and SOB niches in the present of oxygen, the activity of SRB was prevented since a decrease in H2S product but an increase in sulfate concentration were observed. This revealed a promising niches of SOB isolates in the presence of oxygen and active in high sulfide removal. These data indicated the situation suitable for either SOB or SRB community is dependent on oxygen concentration. The management of SOB community can be used as an alternative method to remove contaminating H2S from the system.
Southwest Monsoon Change in Thailand Using the Regional Climate Model-WRF
Authors: Ratjiranukool Sujittra , Ratjiranukool Pakpoom
Published: June 2017

Monsoon onset is one of important characteristics of southwest monsoon which directly influence to Thailand’s water management and agricultural planning. Most of total rainfall amounts in Thailand are provided by the monsoon. Weather Research Forecasting model (WRF) was used as a tool to simulate dialy total rainfall, upper and lower horizontal winds over current period (1990-1999) and future period (2030-2039). These variables are analyzed to study southwest monsoon onset change over Thailand. The simulations show that average monsoon onsets during 1990s and 2030s are in 13th and 20th May, respectively. Standard deviations for the onset were 3 days and 4 days for current and future period, respectively.
Studying the Effect of ZrO2 Addition on Hydroxyapatite via Ball Milling Technique
Authors: Nuamsrinuan Nisakorn , Hoonnivathana Ekachai , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: June 2017

The bio-composited ceramic stabilized zirconia-hydroxyapatite had been formed by ball milling method. The hydroxyapatite was synthesized from chicken eggshell via chemical precipitation. And it was mixed with stabilized zirconia powder together. All of the samples had been investigated by XRD, FTIR and UTM tester. The XRD and FTIR result showed that the stabilized zirconia-hydroxyapatite sample powder after ball mill was found only hydroxyapatite and zirconia phase without addition of other phase. High crystallinity of hydroxyapatite can be found after heat treatment and calcium zirconium oxide was formed around 1300 °C. In addition, the compressive strength increased with increasing the zirconia content shown by UTM tester.
Elemental Composition and Crystal Phases of Carbonized Spent Coffee Grounds
Authors: Barnthip Naris , Kantha Puripat , Potong Ruamporn , Pisitpipathsin Nuttapon
Published: June 2017

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are created in a large amount as a processing waste during making the coffee beverages. Due to its properties, this waste is attractive for different applications such as biofuel production, antioxidant capacity, and renewable materials. In this study, the SCGs were firstly washed by distilled water to remove impurities and contaminations. The washed SCGs were dried in an electric oven at 120 °C for 24 h. The dried SCGs were carbonized at various temperatures from 600-1400 °C for 4 h in normal atmosphere by electric furnace to produce the SCGs powders. The as-received powders were characterized to obtain composed elements and phases by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. X-ray analysis results indicated that the obtained SCGs powders were dominated by carbon-rich phase with stronger bonding at higher carbonizing temperature. This finding was recommended that the SCGs could be considered as a possible candidate of the environmentally friendly materials to prepare and develop the biomass fuel generation.
Development Plant Pots from Carbon Powder and Oil Palm Fiber
Authors: Deelaman Woranuch , Lakthandee Manoch , Inchan Wannisa , Srilarat Panupong , Panthong Nattha
Published: June 2017

The objective of this work was to determine the optimum formulation for producing planting pots, by varying ratio of oil palm fiber and carbon powder contents. The decay rate, swelling rate, water absorption and released elements (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) from decay of plant pots were investigated. In addition, the compressive strength of samples was evaluated from compression machine. The results show that the optimum ratio between weight of carbon powder and oil palm fiber for producing plant pots was 315:259. It was found maximum compressive strength is 16.4 kN/cm2.The percentage of the decay rate of samples within 45 days is 26.08 %wt. The rates of swelling for 2 and 24 h are 3.09 and 6.88%, respectively. Moreover, the result of water absorption shows that the percentage of water absorption is 94 %wt. The decomposition of plant pots was found to release the essential elements for plant growth.
Characterization of Cement-Rice Husk Ash Composites
Authors: Jaihlong Thossapon , Jaitanong Nittaya , Narksitipan Suparut
Published: June 2017

In present research, the cement-rice husk ash composites were prepared and characterized. The samples were added fiber optic and rice husk ash was used as replacement cementitious materials at 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt% of portland cement. The samples were demolded after 24 h casting and cured in saturated lime water for 3 days. After these periods, the samples were wrapped with plastics films for 7 and 28 days. Then, samples were dried in air for 24 h. The chemical compositin of portland cement and rice husk ash were characterized by using x-ray fluorence spectrometry (XRF). Additionally, dried samples were analysized phase compositions and crystalline structure by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The chemical element compositions and microstructure were detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Moreover, The effect of rice husk ash in these cement composites were investigated in this research.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cement/Fly Ash/Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Promudom Rakchanok , Narksitipan Suparut , Jaitanong Nittaya
Published: June 2017

The physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement (PC) - natural rubber latex (NRL) - fly ash (FA) composites have been investigated. The latex per cement ratios that use in this experiment are 0, 5, 7.5 and 10% by weight of cement. Portland cement (PC) was partially replaced with fly ash 0-40% by weight of binder. Water to cement ratio were used in range of 0.305-0.385 (by weight not include water in latex). Nonionic surfactant was added in cement before mixed with natural rubber latex. In addition, to provide latex from natural rubber latex, the ammonia solution is added into natural rubber. The specimens were packing into an iron mold which sample size of 4x4x16 cm3. Moreover, the PC-NRL-FA composites were cured in water for 7 and 28 days at room temperature before measurement. Then, mechanical properties (flexural strength) and microstructure were studied.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste Were Used Partially with Fly Ash and Kaolin Waste
Authors: Chainej Chidchanok , Narksitipan Suparut , Jaitanong Nittaya
Published: June 2017

The aims of this research were study the microstructures and mechanical properties for partial replacement of cement with Fly ash (FA) and kaolin waste (KW). Ordinary Portland cement were partially replaced with FA and KW in the range of 25-35% and 10-25% by weight of cement powder. The kaolin waste was ground for 180 minutes before using. The specimen was packing into an iron mold which sample size of 5×5×5 cm3. Then, the specimens were kept at room temperature for 24 hours and were moist cured in the incubation lime water bath at age of 3 days. After that the specimens were dry cured with plastic wrap at age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. After that the compounds were examined by x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and the microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength was then investigated.
Influence of Natural Oil Polyol on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid
Authors: Chaochanchaikul Kantima
Published: June 2017

The aim of this work was to improve the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) by natural oil polyol. Castor oil is natural oil polyol used for this work. It was directly extracted from castor seed and without chemical modification. The contents of castor oil were varied from 0 to 10 wt%. The effect of castor oil content on mechanical properties of PLA were evaluated by tensile and impact testings. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and morphology analysis were used for explanation of the result. The result showed that the elongation at break and impact strength of PLA /10 wt% castor oil blend were increased about 108 and 30 % as comparing neat PLA whereas tensile strength tended to decrease about 24 %. The changes in glass transition temperature, crystallinity content and morphology of PLA corresponded well with the result of mechanical properties.
Wetting Time Measurement of Fabric-Foam-Fabric Plied Material
Authors: Kan Chi Wai , Ko Clare Man Ching , Boontorn Kornchanok , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: June 2017

The wetting time of fabric-foam-fabric plied materials was measured in this study. The fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics. The plied material would be proposed for making intimate apparel which is a kind of close-to-skin garment. Thus, the wetting ability of the material would affect the comfort behaviour. Therefore, we reported the wetting time values of different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.
The Effect of Base Pressure on Crystal Structure and Microstructure of CrN Thin Film Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Buranawong Adisorn , Witit-Anun Nirun
Published: June 2017

The CrN thin films were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering by varying base pressure to investigate the crystal structure, microstructure and composition of thin film. In this work, the films properties were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and EDX techniques. The crystal structures were obtained the cubic of CrN with the crystal size between 23.23 – 28.25 nm and lattice parameters a = b = c = 4.142 - 4.160 Å. The XRD results indicated that the growth of preferred orientation was changed from (200) to (111) plane with increased the base pressure. The surface morphology of CrN thin films did not affected from base pressure. The thickness of CrN thin films which obtained from cross section analysis was decreased from 1788 to 1745 nm by varying the base pressure. The columnar pattern acccompany with the dense structure were investigated from the cross-section analysis. The Cr composition was substantly decreased whereas theN2 composition were increased which observed from EDX technique.
Carbon Thin Film on Silicon by Acetylene DC Plasma Deposition System
Authors: Tunkam Petcharin , Pakpum Chupong
Published: June 2017

This work aims to develop a low pressure DC plasma deposition system to coat carbon thin film on silicon substrate. The system use a parallel of grounding iron electrode and cathode copper electrode to ignite the plasma. The vacuum pressure was achieved by two stage rotary vane vacuum pump which is capable to reach ultimate pressure at 2×10-1 Pa under a glass chamber. The carbon thin films was deposited on silicon substrate by pure acetylene plasma with gas flow rate at 30 ml/min at total operating pressure of approximately at -70 cmHg reading by analog dial vacuum gauge. Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy was used to indicate the elements contained in the film. The morphology and the thickness of the film was investigated by scanning electron microscope. Raman analysis showed peak at around 1345 cm-1 (D-peak) and 1579 cm-1 (G-peak), by utilizing ID and IG can be evaluated that there are 46.45% of sp3 contained in deposited film.
Effect of Al Sputtering Current on Structure of CrAlN Thin Films Prepared by Reactive DC Magnetron Co-Sputtering
Authors: Khambun Amonrat , Buranawong Adisorn , Witit-Anun Nirun
Published: June 2017

Chromium aluminium nitride (CrAlN) thin films were deposited on Si by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering technique. The effect of Al sputtering current (IAl) on the crystal structure, elemental composition, thickness, microstructure and hardness were determined by XRD, EDS, AFM and FE-SEM and Nanoindentation, respectively. The results showed that, the as-deposited films were formed as a (Cr,Al)N solid solution with low Al sputtering current, whereas the amorphous structure can be found at high Al sputtering current. The film thickness and roughness was in range of 347 - 1047 nm and 1.45 - 3.37 nm, respectively. The elemental composition of the films varied with the Al sputtering current. The FE-SEM results indicated that the simultaneous evolution in grain refinement with cross-section microstructure through the Al sputtering current. The film hardness increased from 36 GPa to 46 GPa with increasing of Al contents.
The Investigation of WGM Effective Potential from Micro PANDA Ring Resonator
Authors: Sripakdee Chatchawal
Published: June 2017

In this work, the whispering gallery mode effective potential generated by micro PANDA ring resonator for a two level system of atom – electric field coupling is investigated and presented. The depth of trapping potential is proportional to electric intensity and damping rate of transition of dipole polarization. The trial harmonics potential well is established by using dipole potential under ac Stark effect. The optimum intensity and lifetime for each WGM trapping wavelengths under the effect of thermal noise is reported.
Development of High Power LED Driver Using LNK418EG
Authors: Eawsakul Nitipat , Reaungepattanawiwat Chalermpol
Published: June 2017

Currently, the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) bulbs has been intensively increasing since LED possess various qualifications of high efficiency in light production, not radiating heat, no toxic substance, lifespan longer than other bulbs. However, when the circuit of LED Driver is connected directly to high power LED with an AC source, it causes high losses of energy and the occurrence of the non-sinusoidal waveforms thus causing the harmonic series in the power supply system. In the research, a circuit for driving high power LED at high power of 30 watts was created by using a Fly-Back converter converting AC into DC current. At the same time, IC LinkSwitch-PH model LNK418EG was applied to act as a factor correction for electric power and control the constant output currents and electromotive force. After the input AC current at 180-240 volts was applied on the experimental circuit, the input current which has the waveform close to a sine shape resulted in the low distortion of the input current but provided the constant output current and electromotive force. LED’s high luminance could be detected at ​​300 luxs at a distance of one meter and its performance was 90 percentages.
A Low Cost Time-Coded Confocal Microscope
Authors: Pechprasarn Suejit , Kawilo Phichet , Somjaiprasert Srisakul , Suvarnaphaet Phitsini , Boonyagul Sani , Somekh Michael G. , Albutt Naphat
Published: June 2017

Confocal microscopy is a high resolution microscope technique, which operates by scanning a diffraction limited focal spot over a sample. This focal point on the sample is then imaged through an objective lens and a pinhole to ensure that only the information coming from the focal plane is captured and the information from the other planes are blocked by the pinhole. Although this gives better lateral resolution, this method is inefficient in terms of the amount of light required and the scanning time. In this paper, we discuss an alternative solution using digital micromirror device (DMD) to perform multiple focal points scanning simultaneously. This is done by projecting a series of orthogonal codes onto the DMD. The corresponding images obtained from the orthogonal codes are then saved and processed offline in a computer to calculate a confocal image. We use incoherent illumination rather than a laser source as used previously. We also discuss a key issue in this confocal system, which is a suitable separation between each focal spots and a crosstalk between them. We demonstrate that the proposed confocal configuration with the DMD device improves the light efficiency, the scanning time through the parallel confocal spots and a laser source is not required.
Back Focal Plane Confocal Ptychography
Authors: Somekh Michael G. , Pechprasarn Suejit , Chen Wen , Pimonsakonwong Pakapron , Albutt Naphat
Published: June 2017

This paper illustrates how the amplitude and phase of back focal plane distribution can be recovered in a confocal microscope system from several intensity images in the image plane. These will have a wide range of uses for imaging and sensing. We believe this method is complementary to the V(z) technique where the sample is defocused. The field generated in the back focal plane may be processed by virtual propagation which averages noise in a highly efficient manner. In this paper, we demonstrate that the phase information on the back focal plane can be recovered using ptychography with no need to modify the optical configuration and employ an interferometer. This phase information plays a crucial role in sensitivity of surface plasmons resonance biosensing systems.
Confocal Surface Plasmon Embedded Interferometric Microscope: A Brief Review
Authors: Pechprasarn Suejit , Chow Terry W.K. , Ittipornnuson Kodchakorn , Somekh Michael G. , Albutt Naphat
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we firstly explain the concept of surface plasmon resonance imaging and a main key issue in the field of localized SPR imaging, which is the trade-off between resolution and sensitivity. We will then explain how V(z) scanning confocal microscope can overcome the trade-off and enable us to make a localized detection of multiple analytes in small quantities. This paper provides a brief review on a chronological development of the confocal surface plasmon embedded interferometric microscope and highlights the key idea behind each developments. Theoretical detection limit of the confocal system is within a single molecule detection regime, where 100kD molecule can be detected with 100μJ of light in the confocal system. We also discuss some key challenges in achieving the theoretical limit, such as, microphonic vibration and slow scanning speed of the system and how to get around these challenges. Lastly, we discuss some possible future developments to improve the system.
Theoretical Investigation of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-Based Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Learkthanakhachon Supannee , Pechprasarn Suejit , Sangworasil Manas , Somekh Michael G. , Albutt Naphat
Published: June 2017

We report a theoretical investigation of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based acoustic sensor for optical detection of ultrasound. The structure being studied is arranged in the Krestchmann configuration and the detection is performed by observing the change of refractive index of water next to the SPR metal. The acoustic pressure is simulated using COMSOL. The simulation results illustrate an insight into mechanism of pressure variation on the surface of SPR sensor due to a constructive interference of the ultrasound. This leads to a local refractive index change of water. The local refractive index change is calculated by converting the incident pressure to water density using IAPWS-95 formulation. Then, the water density is converted to the refractive index using Lorentz-Lorenz formulation. Here we report the change in the refractive index of the water to pressure, dn/dp, which is calculated to be 1.4 x 10-10 Pa-1, which is very close to the dn/dp reported by M. W. Sigrist 1986. We also investigated the effect of temperature and wavelength on the dn/dp and found that the variation in temperature and wavelength does not show any significant effect on the dn/dp relationship. We also discuss the effect of quality factor (Q) and possible improvements to enhance the sensitivity of SPR-based acoustic sensor.
Friction Tests of Ball Bearings with Comparison of Lubricants
Authors: Sumate Sathitbunanan , Ritthong Wirote
Published: June 2017

The ball bearings are the rotating components which are widely spread to moving parts for all machinery operation in general industry. This paper presents the ball bearing resistance tool which has a proper size and can handle the maximum load of 300 kg by using an electric power. The ball bearing resistance tool was used to test the bearings No. 6011 cm. The series of tests was performed in the ball bearings lubricated; engine oil SAE 10W/40, auto transmission fluid Dexron, and hydraulic oil. The rotational speeds for testing were vary; 500, 600 and 700 rpm respectively. At each speed, there were various weight; 50, 70, 90,110,130,150, and 170 kg respectively. The results show that the hydraulic oil generated the smallest coefficients of friction and energy efficiency for ball bearing operation.
Methods for Parameter Estimation of the Negative Binomial-Generalized Exponential Distribution
Authors: Aryuyuen Sirinapa , Thiamsorn Issaraporn
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We proposed several estimation methods for the parameters of the negative binomial-generalized exponential (NB-GE) distribution. In the simulation study, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with nlm function seems to have the most efficiency to estimate the parameters and of the NB-GE distribution when it compares with method of the moments (MM) and MLE with optim function by using the average mean square error (AMSE) for a criteria. The AMSE values of each parameter estimation methods are decreasing when the sample size increasing. Moreover, the example dataset is illustrated. Based on the chi-square values for the fitting distribution via the MLE with nlm function is better than other estimation methods.
A Study on Temperature Properties of Different Types of Fixed Resistor
Authors: Phanthuna Nattapong , Jassadajin Chaiwat
Published: June 2017

This paper studies the relationship between the value of temperature variation and the resistance value of each type of general resistors as well as also determines the temperature coefficient value of each resistor type. All obtained results will be compared to build a guideline for selecting the resistor to apply in any applications accurately and properly. Each type of 1 k-ohm resistor that has different power is used to study its properties and is controlled its temperature variation to be in range of 20 to 30 degree Celsius. An experimental setup to control the temperature variation of the resistors in this paper is that the resistors are put into an oil bath controlled its temperature after that measuring the changed resistance value of the resistors following oil temperature in the bath. The experimental result demonstrates that the temperature variation affects to change the resistance value of Carbon Film type the most but affects to change the resistance value of Wire Wound type with low power the least.
Novel Visual Detection of Mercury(II) Ion Based on In Situ Deposited Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Chansuvarn Woravith , Imyim Apichat
Published: June 2017

In this report, we present a new method for visual and colorimetric detection of Hg (II) ion by using in-situ composited gold nanoparticle (GNP). GNP was formed in one step at room temperature, using NaBH4 as reducing agent incorporated with 2-[5-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)-pentylsulfanyl]-ethylamine (5-AEPE) as a stabilizer. A 5-AEPE ligand displayed an effective stabilizer for preventing the aggregation of gold nanoparticle in the absence of Hg (II) ion, showing a rose-red color. On the other hand, in the presence of Hg (II) ion, reduced Hg (0) can also deposit on the surface of gold nanoparticle, resulting solution turn to purple and blue immediately. Based on naked eye detection optimization, 125 μM Au (III), 0.6 mM 5-AEPE, 0.8 mM NaBH4 and 0.1%(v/v) Triton X-100 was achieved. By measuring at a wavelength of 680 nm, absorbance values increased linearly as two levels of concentration of Hg (II) ion range of 0.125-2.5 μM (low) and 2.5-15 μM (high). This method offer advantage of simplicity, rapidity, cost effectiveness and no requirement of any sophisticated instruments. Moreover, this method has several potential advantages as optical sensor, especially no as-prepared gold nanoparticle synthesis and shorter observation time.
Some Homomorphism Properties of TM-Algebras
Authors: Prabpayak Chanwit
Published: June 2017

Let X be a TM-algebra and I be an ideal of X. A homomorphism from X into another TM-algebra Y is a mapping h:X→ Y satisfying h(xy)=h(x)h(y) for all x,y ∈ X. In this research, we investigate some homomorphism properties in quotient TM-algebra X relative to the ideal I.
Design and Application for a Smart Farm in Thailand Based on IoT
Authors: Phanthuna Nattapong , Lumnium Teerachai
Published: June 2017

This article was studied and designed to merge the IoT (Internet of Thing) technology in an agricultural technology. The IoT technology will use the sensor and transducer technology to measure and record agricultural parameters for monitoring and controlling many orchards automatically and simultaneously. All measured data (such as ambient temperature, pressure of water supply system, water level in a clarifier, water quality for watering, and etc.) will be send via 3G into the internet network and shown on user smart phone. Therefore, any users will be able to monitor their farm status from anywhere all the time. The experimental result verifies that this proposed water management system can actually work following controller’s conditions and all data can be sent via the internet network in real time.
A Literature Review of Manufacturing Eco-Friendly Comfort Textiles and Future Agenda
Authors: Chau Kam Hong , Lo Chris Kwan Yu , Kan Chi Wai
Published: June 2017

Comfort is now a hot topic in textile and clothing field. While textile materials are improving against our comfort feeling in various aspects, a lot of technologies were introduced for manufacturing comfort textile. The technologies may produce negative effect to the environment. Also, “eco-friendly” always draws much attention by the public and many research fields. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a literature review from 2005 to 2015 for analysing the current trends in developing eco-friendly comfort textile and proposed future agenda. The results of this paper identified 4 research questions and directions: (i) How to increase and ensure wash durability? (ii) Recycling of used comfort materials? (iii) Subjective test and Commercialize of materials and (iv) Marketing, how to promote eco-friendly and comfort products?