bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of adjuvant therapy for node‐positive clinical stage IB‐IIB cervical cancer: Systemic chemotherapy versus pelvic irradiation
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Shimada Muneaki , Aoki Yoichi , Sakamoto Masaru , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Fujiwara Hisaya , Matsumoto Takashi , Mikami Mikio , Sugiyama Toru
Published: May 2017

This was a nation‐wide retrospective study in Japan examining women who underwent radical hysterectomy for clinical stage IB–IIB cervical cancer with pelvic and/or para‐aortic lymph node metastasis between 2004 and 2008. Time to recurrence or death and patterns of disease recurrence were compared based upon the adjuvant treatment pattern: whole pelvic radiotherapy alone (n = 253), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT, n = 502) and chemotherapy alone (n = 319). Women who received chemotherapy alone had similar recurrence (5‐year rates, 36.6% vs. 34.1%, adjusted‐hazard ratio [HR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.28, P = 0.72) and cervical cancer mortality (24.7% vs. 21.8%, adjusted‐HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.67–1.38, P = 0.83) rates compared to those who received CCRT on multivariate analysis. However, when recurrence patterns were stratified, chemotherapy treatment was independently associated with decreased risk of distant recurrence (5‐year cumulative rates, 19.2% vs. 24.6%, adjusted‐HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.71, P < 0.001) but increased risk of local recurrence (23.9% vs. 14.3%, adjusted‐HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.34–3.08, P = 0.001) compared to CCRT. Non‐squamous histology, parametrial involvement and high lymph node ratio were independent predictors for local recurrence, and presence of multiple risk factors was associated with high 5‐year cumulative local recurrence rate in the chemotherapy group: no risk factor 3.9%, single factor 14.2–22.1%, and multiple risk factors 27.8–71.9% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, while exhibiting different recurrence patterns, systemic chemotherapy may be as effective a postoperative treatment as radiation‐based therapy in node‐positive high‐risk stage IB–IIB cervical cancer. When tumor exhibits certain risk factors, chemotherapy alone is likely insufficient for local control and adding pelvic irradiation to systemic chemotherapy is recommended in this subgroup.
Family planning knowledge and use among women in camps for internally displaced people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Kisindja Rogatien M. , Kimona Christophe , Etoy Modestine , Dorme Florby , Benfield Nerys
Published: May 2017

Objective

To describe family planning awareness and needs among internally displaced women residing in the Mugunga camps in North Kivu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of women aged 14–45 years residing in the Mugunga camps was conducted during March 2014. The verbally administered survey assessed participants' obstetric history and their family planning knowledge, interest, and use. Descriptive statistics were obtained.

Results

Of the 155 participants, 145 (93.5%) had been camp residents for 2 years or less. Previous receipt of information on contraception was reported by 130 (83.9%) women, of whom 65 (50.0%) had received information during prenatal care. Fifty‐four (34.8%) women knew at least two contraceptive methods. Overall, 47 (30.5%) of 154 women reported ever using contraception. Women who never used contraception cited lack of interest (66/107 [61.7%]) or knowledge (22/107 [20.6%]) and religious opposition (13/107 [12.1%]) as reasons. In the cohort overall, 33 (21.3%) women reported having had an induced abortion; 20 (60.6%) of these abortions were self‐induced.

Conclusion

Contraceptive knowledge among female camp residents was moderate, actual usage was low, and a considerable proportion reported a history of induced abortion. Efforts must be made to improve access to contraception to prevent unintended pregnancy, and to provide safe abortions and postabortion care.
In vivo noninvasive analysis of graphene nanomaterial pharmacokinetics using photoacoustic flow cytometry
Authors: Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Nolan Jacqueline , Cai Chengzhong , Bourdo Shawn E. , Nima Zeid , Biris Alexandru S. , Zharov Vladimir P.
Published: May 2017

Graphene‐based nanomaterials (GBNs) are quickly revolutionizing modern electronics, energy generation and storage, clothing and biomedical devices. Due to GBN's variety of physical and chemical parameters that define their toxicity and their aggregation in suspension, interpreting its toxicology without accurate information on graphene's distribution and behavior in live organisms is challenging. In this work, we present a laser‐based optical detection methodology for noninvasive detection and pharmacokinetics analysis of GBNs directly in blood flow in mice using in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC). PAFC provides unique insight on how chemical modifications of GBNs affect their distribution in blood circulation and how quickly they are eliminated from the flow. Overall, PAFC provided unique data crucial for understanding GBN toxicity through real‐time detection of GBNs using their intrinsic light absorption contrast. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational Investigation of Growth Hormone Receptor Trp169Arg Heterozygous Mutation in a Child With Short Stature
Authors: Porto William Farias , Marques Felipe Albuquerque , Pogue Huri Brito , de Oliveira Cardoso Maria Teresinha , do Vale Maria Gabriela Rodrigues , da Silva Pires Állan , Franco Octavio Luiz , de Alencar Sérgio Amorim , Pogue Robert
Published: May 2017

Mutations in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene can cause disruption of the growth hormone signaling pathway, resulting in growth deficiency due to growth hormone (GH) resistance. Both recessive and apparently dominant mutations have been described in the literature. In order to shed some light on the molecular mechanism of partial growth hormone resistance caused by heterozygous mutations, we performed an in‐depth in silico analysis of a mutation found in a girl with a previous diagnosis of idiopathic short stature. An array of algorithms was used to predict pathogenicity and potential impact on the protein, and molecular modeling, docking and dynamics were used to determine structural consequences. The results suggest that both of the possible single mutation‐containing heteromeric GH–GHR complexes, as well as the double GHR mutant complex result in perturbation of complex structures, with altered ability of the GHR dimers to interact with the GH peptide. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4762–4771, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Edge‐transitive homogeneous factorizations of complete uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Chen Hu Ye , Lu Zai Ping
Published: May 2017

For a finite set V and a positive integer k with , letting be the set of all k‐subsets of V, the pair is called the complete k‐hypergraph on V, while each k‐subset of V is called an edge. A factorization of the complete k‐hypergraph of index , simply a ‐factorization of order n, is a partition of the edges into s disjoint subsets such that each k‐hypergraph , called a factor, is a spanning subhypergraph of . Such a factorization is homogeneous if there exist two transitive subgroups G and M of the symmetric group of degree n such that G induces a transitive action on the set and M lies in the kernel of this action.

In this article, we give a classification of homogeneous factorizations of that admit a group acting transitively on the edges of . It is shown that, for and , there exists an edge‐transitive homogeneous ‐factorization of order n if and only if is one of (32, 3, 5), (32, 3, 31), (33, 4, 5), , and , where and q is a prime power with .
Projected changes in temperature and precipitation indices in Morocco from high‐resolution regional climate models
Authors: Filahi Said , Tramblay Yves , Mouhir Latifa , Diaconescu Emilia Paula
Published: May 2017

The climate of Morocco is characterized by a strong spatial and inter‐annual variability. This study provides an evaluation of high‐resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations of precipitation and temperature over Morocco and future projections based on two emission scenarios. The evaluation of the RCM ensemble over the historical period is performed with a network of 20 weather stations, using Taylor and Portrait diagrams. The results show that the four simulations considered (CLM, CNRM, KNMI and IPSL) are generally able to simulate climate indices and no model is performing significantly better. This ensemble of RCM simulations captures the precipitation and temperature spatiotemporal patterns in the evaluation and historical runs. Climate change scenarios are presented with the goal to identify spatial patterns of change over Morocco, to provide information for climate policy and adaptation. The RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios are considered for two time horizons, 2036–2065 and 2066–2095. A large increase in temperature is observed by the end of the century in particular for the RCP8.5 scenario over the Southeast regions. The minimum temperature is expected to increase more than maximum temperature in most parts of Morocco, with the exception of the Eastern regions. The different RCMs show a strong agreement towards similar changes for most temperature‐based indices. The climate change signal is less homogeneous in the different simulations for most of the precipitation indices. Nevertheless, there is a clear decrease of precipitation totals in the different simulations, following a north to south gradient. However, for heavy rainfall events, there are strong uncertainties in projections and the four RCM simulations disagree about the future changes.
Electrospun Nanostructures for High Performance Chemiresistive and Optical Sensors
Authors: Choi Seon‐Jin , Persano Luana , Camposeo Andrea , Jang Ji‐Soo , Koo Won‐Tae , Kim Sang‐Joon , Cho Hee‐Jin , Kim Il‐Doo , Pisignano Dario
Published: May 2017

Chemical sensors have been essential components in recent years due to the gathering attention in environmental monitoring and healthcare. In this review, the authors comprehensively highlight recent progresses on the 1D chemiresistive‐type sensors based on semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs) and optical‐type sensors, which are prepared by electrospinning technique. In the part of chemiresistive‐type sensors, diverse synthesis techniques for 1D SMO nanofibrous structure are presented with controlled microstructure and surface morphology. In addition, unique functionalization routes of emerging nanocatalysts encapsulated by bio‐inspired templates are described for the next generation catalyst on the 1D SMO nanofibers (NFs). For the optical‐type sensors, new classes of 1D NFs employing specific absorption and emission properties are introduced. In particular, diverse 1D NF‐based colorimetric and fluorescence sensors as well as Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensors are covered in the view point of material preparation and optical sensing properties. Finally, the authors prospect future research directions to overcome current limitations and challenges to achieve high performance chemical sensors.

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Pillar[5]arene‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole Fluorescent Copolymer: A Promising Recognition and Adsorption Material for Adiponitrile by Selective Formation of a Conjugated Polypseudorotaxane
Authors: Cui Wei , Tang Hao , Xu Linxian , Wang Lingyun , Meier Herbert , Cao Derong
Published: May 2017

Conjugated pillar[5]arene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer (P1) is synthesized by the copolymerization of a difunctionalized pillar[5]arene and a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based monomer, which shows large extinction coefficients (1.1 × 104m–1 cm–1) at 519 nm and strong emission at 587 nm. P1 exhibits very strong host–guest binding affinity towards adiponitrile but low binding affinity towards 1,4‐dihalobutane and 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)butane. Such an enhanced selectivity is first found in the polypseudorotaxane between pillararene and neutral guests in organic solution and is successfully used for the recognition and adsorption of adiponitrile by the formation of a P1‐adiponitrile polypseudorotaxane.

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Occurrence and abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and bacteria from the surface to below the water table, in deep soil, and their contributions to nitrification
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zhao Xue , Zhu Guibing , Yang Wei , Xia Chao , Xu Tao
Published: May 2017

Using molecular biology methods (qualitative and quantitative PCR), we determined the occurrence and abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from a dry inland soil in Basel, Switzerland, and from the riparian zone of Baiyangdian Lake, China. We also determined the contributions of these microorganisms to ammonia oxidization at different depths based on the nitrification rate. The number of archaeal amoA genes (the key functional gene in AOA) was larger than the number of bacterial amoA genes in each sample, suggesting a dominant role for the AOA amoA gene in environments with a low ammonium concentration. In Baiyangdian Lake, the number of archaeal amoA genes was highest at 6 m and lowest at 12 m from the land–water interface in the soil (at depths from 40 to 60 cm), close to the groundwater, which suggests that AOA become more competitive in environments with a low dissolved oxygen content and are promoted by low pH. The nitrification rate was significantly negatively correlated with depth in the Baiyangdian Lake soil and significantly positively correlated with the number of AOB amoA genes at this site, 6 m from the water.
Mechanisms of peptide sex pheromone regulation of conjugation in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Bandyopadhyay Arpan , Kozlowicz Briana K. , Haemig Heather A. H. , Tai Albert , Hu Wei‐Shou , Dunny Gary M.
Published: May 2017

In many gram positive bacteria, horizontal transfer and virulence are regulated by peptide‐mediated cell‐cell signaling. The heptapeptide cCF10 (C) activates conjugative transfer of the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pCF10, whereas the iCF10 (I) peptide inhibits transfer. Both peptides bind to the same domain of the master transcription regulator PrgX, a repressor of transcription of the prgQ operon encoding conjugation genes. We show that repression of prgQ by PrgX tetramers requires formation of a pCF10 DNA loop where each of two PrgX DNA‐binding sites is occupied by a dimer. I binding to PrgX enhances prgQ repression, while C binding has the opposite effect. Previous models suggested that differential effects of these two peptides on the PrgX oligomerization state accounted for their distinct functions. Our new results demonstrate that both peptides have similar, high‐binding affinity for PrgX, and that both peptides actually promote formation of PrgX tetramers with higher DNA‐binding affinity than Apo‐PrgX. We propose that differences in repression ability of PrgX/peptide complexes result from subtle differences in the structures of DNA‐bound PrgX/peptide complexes. Changes in the induction state of a donor cell likely results from replacement of one type of DNA‐bound peptide/PrgX tetramer with the other.
wblE2transcription factor inStreptomyces griseusS4‐7 plays an important role in plant protection
Authors: Cho Hyun Ji , Kwon Young Sang , Kim Da‐Ran , Cho Gyeongjun , Hong Seong Won , Bae Dong‐Won , Kwak Youn‐Sig
Published: May 2017

Streptomyces griseusS4‐7 was originally isolated from the strawberry rhizosphere as a microbial agent responsible for Fusarium wilt suppressive soils.S. griseusS4‐7 shows specific and pronounced antifungal activity againstFusarium oxysporumf. sp.fragariae. In theStreptomycesgenus, thewhitranscription factors are regulators of sporulation, cell differentiation, septation, and secondary metabolites production.wblE2function as a regulator has emerged as a new group inwhitranscription factors. In this study, we reveal the involvement of thewblE2transcription factor in the plant‐protection byS. griseusS4‐7. We generated ΔwblE, ΔwblE2, ΔwhiH, and ΔwhmDgene knock‐out mutants, which showed less antifungal activity both in vitro andin planta. Among the mutants,wblE2 mutant failed to protect the strawberry against the Fusarium wilt pathogen. Transcriptome analyses revealed major differences in the regulation of phenylalanine metabolism, polyketide and siderophore biosynthesis between the S4‐7 and thewblE2 mutant. The results contribute to our understanding of the role of streptomyceteswblE2genes in a natural disease suppressing system.
Role of sulfotransferases in resveratrol metabolism in human adipocytes
Authors: Gheldof Nele , Moco Sofia , Chabert Christian , Teav Tony , Barron Denis , Hager Jorg
Published: May 2017

Scope

Polyphenols such as resveratrol received interest for their wide‐ranging biological benefits, including anti‐obesity potential, mimicking effects of caloric restriction with reduced body fat and increased energy expenditure. However, resveratrol is rapidly metabolized, and it is not completely understood which form of resveratrol is responsible for the effects observed within target cells such as adipocytes. Also the role of metabolizing enzymes has not been investigated before.

Methods and results

Resveratrol metabolism was evaluated in human adipocytes by UHPLC‐MS at low physiological doses. Resveratrol was found to rapidly metabolize into its sulfated form, while resveratrol glucuronides were undetectable. Only resveratrol, but not its sulfated nor glucuronidated forms had an antilipolytic effect on adipocytes. The metabolizing enzyme responsible for sulfation of polyphenols is SULT1A1, and was found to be upregulated upon adipocyte differentiation. Knocking down SULT1A1 in adipocytes led to decreased resveratrol sulfate and increased resveratrol intra‐ and extracellularly. This lower SULT1A1 activity resulted in an increased antilipolytic effect of resveratrol on adipocytes, as demonstrated by lower glycerol accumulation, which could be attributed to lower activity of the lipolytic protein, perilipin.

Conclusion

Sulfotransferase activity modulates metabolism of resveratrol in adipocytes with potential consequences on bioavailability and thus metabolic action of this polyphenol.
Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging of European Yew (Taxus baccata) on Gold Nanoparticle‐enhanced Target
Authors: Arendowski Adrian , Ruman Tomasz
Published: May 2017

Introduction

European yew (Taxus baccata) is a plant known to man for centuries as it produces many interesting and important metabolites. These chemical compounds were repeatedly analysed by various analytical techniques, but none of the methods used so far allowed the localisation of the chemical compounds within the tissue and also correlation between plant morphology and its biochemistry.

Objective

Visualisation of the spatial distribution of yew metabolites with nanoparticle‐based mass spectrometry imaging.

Methodology

Compounds occurring on cross‐section of a one‐year yew sprig has been transferred to gold nanoparticle‐enhanced target (AuNPET) by imprinting. The imprint was then subjected to mass spectrometry imaging analysis.

Results

Nanoparticle‐enhanced mass spectrometry imaging made it possible to study the distribution of selected compounds in the European yew tissue, including taxanes – terpene alkaloids characteristic for the Taxus genus. Results prove that aspartate, taxinine M, baccatin IV and taxine B are located mainly in the cortex. Taxuspine W was located in the vascular tissue. Maleate was found to be located mainly in the phloem tissue. In contrast, the proton adduct of chlorophyll b was found in the external layer of twigs.

Conclusion

The results presented a high correlation between the location of compounds and the morphology of the plant, thus giving the opportunity to see the selected details of chemical structure of the analysed tissue for the first time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference of allelopathic rice with penoxsulam‐resistant barnyardgrass
Authors: Yang Xue‐Fang , Kong Chui‐Hua , Yang Xia , Li Yong‐Feng
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Despite increasing knowledge of allelopathic rice interference with barnyardgrass, relatively little is known about its action on herbicide‐resistant barnyardgrass. The incidence of herbicide‐resistant barnyardgrass is escalating in paddy fields. Knowledge of the interference of allelopathic rice with herbicide‐resistant barnyardgrass and the potential mechanisms involved is warranted.

RESULTS

Penoxsulam‐resistant and ‐susceptible barnyardgrass biotypes were identified and segregated from a putative penoxsulam‐resistant population occurring in paddy fields in China. Allelopathic rice inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass roots more than shoots, regardless of biotype. In particular, there was a stronger inhibition for resistant barnyardgrass than for susceptible barnyardgrass. Allelopathic rice significantly reduced total root length, total root area, maximum root amplitude and maximum root depth in barnyardgrass. Furthermore, the rice allelochemicals tricin and momilactone B inhibited the growth of both resistant and susceptible barnyardgrass. Compared with root contact, root segregation significantly increased inhibition of barnyardgrass with an increase in rice allelochemicals. Root exudates from barnyardgrass induced the production of rice allelochemicals, but the effect of susceptible barnyardgrass was much stronger than that of resistant barnyardgrass.

CONCLUSION

Allelopathic rice can interfere with the growth of penoxsulam‐resistant barnyardgrass through allelochemical‐mediated root interactions. This type of allelopathic interference may provide a non‐herbicidal alternative for herbicide‐resistant weed management in paddy systems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Global assessment of tropical cyclone intensity statistical–dynamical hindcasts
Authors: Neetu S. , Lengaigne M. , Menon H. B. , Vialard J. , Mangeas M. , Menkes C. E. , Ali M. M. , Suresh I. , Knaff J. A.
Published: May 2017

This paper assesses the characteristics of linear statistical models developed for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction at global scale. To that end, multilinear regression models are developed separately for each TC‐prone basin to estimate the intensification of a TC given its initial characteristics and environmental parameters along its track. We use identical large‐scale environmental parameters in all basins, derived from a 1979–2012 reanalysis product. The resulting models display comparable skill to previously described similar hindcast schemes. Although the resulting mean absolute errors are rather similar in all basins, the models beat persistence by 20–40% in most basins, except in the North Atlantic and northern Indian Ocean, where the skill gain is weaker (10–25%). A large fraction (60–80%) of the skill gain arises from the TC characteristics (intensity and its rate of change) at the beginning of the forecast. Vertical shear followed by the maximum potential intensity are the environmental parameters that yield most skill globally, but with individual contributions that strongly depend on the basin. Hindcast models built from environmental predictors calculated from their seasonal climatology perform almost as well as using real‐time values. This has the potential to considerably simplify the implementation of operational forecasts in such models. Finally, these models perform poorly to predict intensity changes for Category 2 and weaker TCs, while they are 2–4 times more skilful for the strongest TCs (Category 3 and above). This suggests that these linear models do not properly capture the processes controlling the early stages of TC intensification.
Estimation of gravity‐wave parameters to alleviate the delay in the Antarctic vortex breakup in general circulation models
Authors: Scheffler Guillermo , Pulido Manuel
Published: May 2017

The impact of optimal parameters in a non‐orographic gravity‐wave drag parametrization on the middle atmosphere circulation of the Southern Hemisphere is examined. Optimal parameters are estimated using a data assimilation technique. The proposed technique aims to reduce the delay in the winter vortex breakdown of the Southern Hemisphere found in general circulation models, which may be associated with a poor representation of gravity‐wave activity. We introduce two different implementations of the parameter estimation method: an offline estimation method and a sequential estimation method. The delay in the zonal‐mean zonal‐wind transition is largely alleviated by the optimal gravity‐wave parameters. The sequential method diminishes the model biases during winter vortex evolution, through gravity‐wave drag alone. On the other hand, the offline method accounts better for unresolved–resolved wave interactions and the zonal‐wind transition. We show that the final warmings in the lower mesosphere are driven mainly by planetary‐wave breaking. These are affected by changes in the gravity‐wave drag that are responsible for stratospheric preconditioning. Parameter estimation during the vortex breakdown is a challenging task that requires the use of sophisticated estimation techniques, because there are strong interactions between unresolved gravity‐wave drag and planetary waves.
Clinical performance and survivorship of navigated floating platform mobile‐bearing total knee arthroplasty: A minimum 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kim Sang‐Min , Seo Jai‐Gon , Lim Seung‐Jae , Lim Hyung‐Tae , Cho Chang‐Ho , Moon Young‐Wan
Published: May 2017

Background

The purpose of this study is to report the outcome of navigation‐assisted cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using one type of cemented, second‐generation, floating‐platform (FP), mobile‐bearing system.

Methods

Forty‐two patients who underwent cruciate retaining TKAs using e.motion‐FP prostheses under navigational guidance were retrospectively reviewed. The preoperative diagnosis was osteoarthritis in all knees except one rheumatoid arthritis. The mean follow‐up was 132.0 months (range, 120–140 months) and the mean age was 64.0 ± 4.7 years (range, 51–76 years) at the time of index surgery. Clinical and radiographic results as well as mechanical survival rate of this type of prosthesis were investigated at a minimum follow‐up of 10 years.

Results

The mean mechanical femorotibial angle was improved from 11.7° ± 3.3° preoperatively to 1.4° ± 1.7° at the latest follow‐up. No prosthesis‐related complications occurred. One knee underwent open debridement due to superficial infection at 5 weeks after surgery and the other knee experienced a periprosthetic fracture around the proximal tibia, which was successfully healed after open reduction and internal fixation.

Conclusions

The e.motion‐floating platform mobile‐bearing design yielded satisfactory long‐term durability and implant performance under navigational guidance.
Technical feasibility and safety of image‐guided parieto‐occipital ventricular catheter placement with the assistance of a wearable head‐up display
Authors: Yoon Jang W. , Chen Robert E. , ReFaey Karim , Diaz Roberto J. , Reimer Ronald , Komotar Ricardo J. , Quinones‐Hinojosa Alfredo , Brown Benjamin L. , Wharen Robert E.
Published: May 2017

Background

Wearable technology is growing in popularity as a result of its ability to interface with normal human movement and function.

Methods

Using proprietary hardware and software, neuronavigation images were captured and transferred wirelessly via a password‐encrypted network to the head‐up display. The operating surgeon wore a loupe‐mounted wearable head‐up display during image‐guided parieto‐occipital ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in two patients.

Results

The shunt placement was completed successfully without complications. The tip of the catheter ended well within the ventricles away from the ventricular wall. The wearable device allowed for continuous monitoring of neuronavigation images in the right upper corner of the surgeon's visual field without the need for the surgeon to turn his head to view the monitors.

Conclusions

The adaptable nature of this proposed system permits the display of video data to the operating surgeon without diverting attention away from the operative task. This technology has the potential to enhance image‐guided procedures.
On a Cohesive Set of Requirements Engineering Terms
Authors: Ryan Michael J. , Wheatcraft Louis S.
Published: May 2017

The purpose of a requirement expression is to transform the needs of various entities into a formal language such that the intent is clearly understood by all involved. Although many sources provide definitions of the terms associated with a requirement expression, few contain guidance as to the process of developing a requirement, there are only occasional agreements on common definitions, and the defined terms are too narrowly focused to be useful across the full requirements engineering domain. This paper develops a cohesive set of definitions of the terms associated with a requirement expression. First, a framework for the transformation of needs into requirements is discussed and existing definitions are presented from the major relevant sources. These definitions are then analyzed and an integrated set of definitions is developed for the key terms associated with a requirements expression: entity; need; requirement expression; requirement statement; characteristics of a well‐formed requirement statement and a well‐formed set of requirements; and requirement attributes that, along with the requirement statement itself, comprise a well‐formed requirement expression.
Multi‐input multi‐output model‐free predictive control and its application to wastewater treatment
Authors: Li Hongran , Yamamoto Shigeru
Published: May 2017

Model‐free predictive control is a data‐driven control method that directly computes the control input from massive input/output datasets. It does not require the mathematical models that are used in conventional model predictive control. It has recently been shown that the control offered by model‐free predictive control can be improved by the introduction of polynomial regression vectors containing the control input and measurement output. In this paper, we extend these findings to multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems and investigate the effectiveness of the approach through numerical simulations of a wastewater treatment process. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of a modified stochastic subspace identification method for rapid structural assessment of in‐service utility‐scale wind turbine towers
Authors: Dai Kaoshan , Wang Ying , Huang Yichao , Zhu Weidong , Xu Yongfeng
Published: May 2017

The strong drive to harness wind energy has recently led to rapid growth of wind farm construction. Wind turbine towers with increased sizes and flexibility experience large vibrations. Structural health monitoring of wind turbines is proposed in the wind energy industry to ensure their proper performance and save maintenance costs. This study proposes a system identification method for vibration‐based structural assessment of wind turbine towers. This method developed based on the stochastic subspace identification method can identify modal parameters of structures in operating conditions with harmonic components in excitations. It benefits wind turbine tower structural health assessment because classical operational modal analysis methods can fail as periodic rotation excitation from a turbine introduces harmonic disturbance to tower structure response data. The effectiveness, accuracy and robustness of the proposed method were numerically investigated and verified through a lumped‐mass system model. The method was then applied to an in‐service utility‐scale wind turbine tower. The field testing campaign and modal parameter identification as well as structural assessment results were presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Considering Gender and Student Leadership Through the Lens of Intersectionality
Authors: Tillapaugh Daniel , Mitchell Donald , Soria Krista M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the concept of intersectionality and its applicability to student leadership development as well as recommendations on how intersectionality can provide transformative learning for students of all gender identities.
Worry and cognitive control predict course trajectories of anxiety in older adults with late-life depression
Authors: Spinhoven P. , van der Veen D.C. , Voshaar R.C. Oude , Comijs H.C.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Many older adults with depressive disorder manifest anxious distress. This longitudinal study examines the predictive value of worry as a maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy, and resources necessary for successful emotion regulation (i.e., cognitive control and resting heart rate variability [HRV]) for the course of anxiety symptoms in depressed older adults. Moreover, it examines whether these emotion regulation variables moderate the impact of negative life events on severity of anxiety symptoms.

Methods:

Data of 378 depressed older adults (CIDI) between 60 and 93 years (of whom 144 [41%] had a comorbid anxiety disorder) from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Adults (NESDO) were used. Latent Growth Mixture Modeling was used to identify different course trajectories of six-months BAI scores. Univariable and multivariable longitudinal associations of worry, cognitive control and HRV with symptom course trajectories were assessed.

Results:

We identified a course trajectory with low and improving symptoms (57.9%), a course trajectory with moderate and persistent symptoms (33.5%), and a course trajectory with severe and persistent anxiety symptoms (8.6%). Higher levels of worry and lower levels of cognitive control predicted persistent and severe levels of anxiety symptoms independent of presence of anxiety disorder. However, worry, cognitive control and HRV did not moderate the impact of negative life events on anxiety severity.

Conclusions:

Worry may be an important and malleable risk factor for persistence of anxiety symptoms in depressed older adults. Given the high prevalence of anxious depression in older adults, modifying worry may constitute a viable venue for alleviating anxiety levels.
Oncology ostomized patients’ perception regarding sexual relationship as an important dimension in quality of life
Authors: Kimura Cristilene Akiko , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi , Kamada Ivone , de Abreu Breno Silva , Fortes Renata Costa
Published: May 2017

Introduction For ostomized oncological patients, the physical body alterations affects the quality of life, as the changes in the self-concept are factors that directly affect the sexual life.

Objective To analyze the perceptions of ostomized men due to intestinal cancer regarding sexual relations as an important dimension of quality of life, treated at the Ambulatory Care Program for Ostomized Patients of the Health Secretariat of the Federal District, Brazil.

Methods Epidemiological-based study, of the analytical type, with a cross-sectional descriptive design, with quantitative and qualitative approach considering the content analysis. The convenience sample included 56 participants. Sociodemographic, clinical, and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires were used, as well as an individual interview. Data were analyzed by Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and SPSS 20.0 software. Statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results The Physical, Social Relations and Environment Domains are correlated with the mean score, statistical significance (p < 0.0001), and the content analysis resulted in five categories: Ostomy, Self-Care, Acceptance, Self-concept, and Companionship.

Conclusion Sexuality should be considered as a process of daily living of ostomized individuals due to intestinal cancer.
A prospective study on tubercular fistula in ano and its management
Authors: Sahu Manoranjan , Mishra Jai Krishna , Sharma Ashish , Fatmi Uzma
Published: May 2017

Objective Tuberculosis fistula in ano, though less encountered, is an important clinical entity in developing countries like India. Diagnosis of TB fistula is a challenge despite of advances in diagnostic modalities and it depends upon both local and systemic clinical presentation. This prospective study aimed at to substantiate the importance of clinical diagnosis as well as medical management of tubercular fistula by antitubercular drugs.

Methods and results 25 patients of fistula in ano suspected to be of tubercular origin underwent histopathology of fistulous tracks and an 8 week therapeutic trial of antitubercular treatment after getting an informed consent. Though biopsy showed positive evidence of tubercular pathology only in 52% cases, therapeutic trial showed improvement in local and systemic features in 23 (92%) cases. Of these 23 cases, 3 were cured after 18 months of anti tubercular treatment and 18 showed cure after 24 months of anti tubercular treatment while 2 cases withdrew from the study at 12 and 14 months respectively due to adverse drug reactions though their fistulous symptoms were relieved.

Conclusion Meticulous clinical evaluation plays a vital role in diagnosis of tubercular fistula in addition to other diagnostic methods. Anti tubercular treatment is the mainstay of treatment in tubercular fistula with a minimum duration of 18–24 months owing to the recurrent and relapsing nature of disease.
Heavy metal contamination of animal feedstuffs – a new survey
Authors: Elliott S. , Frio A. , Jarman T.
Published: May 2017

Contamination of feedstuffs and ingredients with heavy metals poses a major problem for animal health and the transmission of toxic substances within the human food chain, as these elements can be accumulated into meat, egg and milk products. This paper reports on the levels of the three metals, arsenic, cadmium and lead, that exceed EU permitted levels, within premixes and complete feeds (total of 3417 samples) destined for a variety of animal species and taken from different countries during the period 2009–2016. For this period, 20% of all samples were contaminated at levels above the EU limit. In complete feed, ruminants were at the highest risk of exposure with 47% of samples being contaminated. Lead posed the major risk for minerals and cadmium posed the highest risk for premixes during the sampling period. When compared by country, contamination levels varied widely, with the highest contamination determined for Canada with 50% of samples being above the EU limit. To mitigate problems with heavy metals in animal feeds, due diligence in terms of sampling and testing is a necessary tool to evaluate level of risk. Research has shown that trace minerals can be sources of these heavy metals so the industry should be more diligent regarding their provider's quality guarantees. In addition, feeds identified with contamination should not be fed to animals to ensure that these heavy metal toxins are not passed into edible food products, thus providing safety in the food chain.
WHAT COULD CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY OFFER TO THE DISCIPLINES OF THE LAW?
Authors: Welker Michael
Published: May 2017

This essay was presented as the 2015 McDonald Distinguished Scholar Lecture at the Center for the Study of Law and Religion, Emory University.
GOD'S RIGHTEOUSNESS AND HUMAN LAW: A NEW TESTAMENT PERSPECTIVE ON LAW AND THEOLOGY
Authors: Schröter Jens
Published: May 2017

It is a remarkable fact that ancient Christianity did not establish a distinct legal system. The early Christians did not take over the Jewish law as the basis for the church. Rather, they accepted the administrative and legal context of the Roman Empire and developed their religious and ethical views within this framework. Consequently, unlike in Judaism and Islam, a “Christian law” was not established, even not after the acceptance of Christianity as the official religion in the Roman Empire or as Christianity became the prevailing religion in the Middle Ages and remained so into modern times. Nevertheless, Christianity developed its own perspective on legal and ethical matters. Distinctive for this view is the difference between the commitment to God's will on the one hand and the respect for human legal systems on the other. In other words, Christianity developed a perspective on the relationship of law and theology that can be described as the implementation of a double directive: Christians are bound to an ethos oriented towards God's will, but at the same time they accept the rules and authorities of this world. This view also means that God's commandments found in the scriptures of Israel are now interpreted in a new way. They are not regarded as ethical and ritual rules that would separate Christian communities from society. Rather, God's law, interpreted by Jesus Christ, serves as the guideline for a life of the Christian believers within the world of the Roman Empire. Both of these concepts—the acceptance of the legislation of the society and the commitment to God's will—can come into conflict with each other, as has often happened in Christian history. Already in early Christianity it was pointed out that obedience to God should prevail over human law.
What Determines Exports of Luxury Products? The Case of Cognac
Authors: Bouët Antoine , Emlinger Charlotte , Lamani Viola
Published: May 2017

This paper analyzes the determinants of Cognac brandy exports using a unique database on Cognac shipments to more than 140 destinations between 1996 and 2013. We use this database to construct descriptive statistics concerning the evolution of Cognac exports during this period. We also construct a database of protectionist policies that affect worldwide Cognac exports. We analyze the determinants of Cognac exports and base our empirical strategy on Heckman's (1979) procedure. We estimate successively the impact of geographical, demand and policy factors on the extensive margin of trade and the intensive margin of trade. We also control for the possibility of an endogeneity bias on the probability of trade. We show that i) as with other luxury products, the elasticity of Cognac exports to distance is negative, significant, and relatively small, while the elasticity to gross domestic product (GDP) is positive, significant, and relatively large; and ii) average customs duties do not have a significant impact on the intensive margin but significantly and positively affect the probability of trade. We discuss this last result and correct the endogeneity bias using tax revenues of importing countries in percentage of GDP as an instrument. (JEL Classifications: F10, F14)
Do Good Things Come in Small Packages? Bottle Size Effects on Willingness to Pay for Pomegranate Wine and Grape Wine
Authors: Drichoutis Andreas C. , Klonaris Stathis , Papoutsi Georgia S.
Published: May 2017

We evaluate the claim that bottle size formats signal quality changes by performing a controlled laboratory experiment in which we simultaneously auction two different sweet wines: a pomegranate wine and a grape wine. We vary the size of the bottle from 500 mL to 750 mL between participants, but we keep the amount of wine constant across the bottle sizes. We also explore the effect of expectations for the wines, blind tasting, and information about wine attributes on people's willingness to pay (WTP). For both wines, we find evidence consistent with diminishing marginal utility; for the pomegranate wine, we find a premium for the smaller bottle size, which is consistent with changes in the wine's perceived quality. We also find that information is adequate in offsetting the negative effect of the tasting treatment. (JEL Classifications: C23, C24, C91, D12, M31)
The 2015 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice
Authors: Ranganathan Surabhi
Published: May 2017

The International Court of Justice (Court or ICJ) delivered three judgments in 2015. The first, delivered on February 3, 2015, determines claims of genocide made by Croatia and Serbia against each other. The second, delivered on September 24, 2015, addresses Chile’s preliminary objection in a case brought against it by Bolivia, which asserted that Chile had violated its obligation to negotiate in good faith to secure Bolivia’s sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean. The third, delivered on December 16, 2015, concerns the joined cases brought by Costa Rica and Nicaragua, each party alleging territorial violations and transboundary environmental harms by the other. This review highlights notable points of interest in the judgments and draws attention to particular insights and critiques afforded by the individual opinions that accompany each judgment.
A note on scribal error
Authors: Wevers John Wm
Published: May 2017

0. The Purpose of this short study is to show that phonetic rather than graphemic considerations predominate in scribal errors in Greek Biblical manuscripts and to suggest an explanation for this phenomenon.

1. In preparing my critical edition of the Greek Genesis, all available extant mss of Genesis prior to the 16th century were collated, the only exceptions being a 15th-century ms which was unavailable to the Göttingen Academy, and two other 15th-century mss which proved to be copies of mss already collated. The mss collated constituted 9 uncial texts dating from the 3rd to the 7th centuries and 98 minuscules dating from the 9th to the 15th centuries. Also collated were 32 papyri ranging from ca. 50 Bc (a tiny fragment containing only a few letters) to the 9th century. Three of these papyri are substantial, the so-called Berlin Genesis (late 3rd century) and the Chester Beatty Papyri IV and V (4th and late 3rd centuries respectively).
A Florilegium on the Ecclesiastical Grades in CLM 19414: Testimony to Ninth-Century Clerical Institution
Authors: Reynolds Roger E.
Published: May 2017

The treasure manuscriptClm 19414of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich has for many years provided scholars in three fields of study with a rich lode of material. Art historians have found one of the best examples of fourteenth-century GermanBibliae pauperumin this manuscript. Historians of canon law have discovered several books of the early eleventh-centuryCollectio XII Partium. For historians of the barbarian lawsClm 19414contains an excellent witness to theLex Baiuwariorum. The purpose of this article is to bring to light another portion ofClm 19414, a florilegium on the ecclesiastical grades which should be of interest to historians of early medieval canon law, religious instruction, and sacramental theology.
An Aid to Luther's Marginal Comments on Johannes Tauler's Sermons
Authors: Ozment Steven E.
Published: May 2017

In his early years, Martin Luther read and critically annotated the sermons of the German mystical theologian, Johannes Tauler O.P. (*1360). This occurred between early 1515 and mid-1516—a crucial if not the most critical period in the development of the young Luther. The copy of Tauler's sermons used by Luther was the personal copy of his friend Johannes Lang. It was published by Hannsen Otmar in Augsburg in 1508.
Gibbon and the Clergy: Private Virtues, Public Vices
Authors: Noonkester Myron C.
Published: May 2017

When the inaugural volume of Edward Gibbon'sDecline and Fall of the Roman Empirewas published in February 1776, the English public greeted it with a mixture of veneration and anxiety. Many agreed that it was a classic work, but some critics, mostly clergy, questioned its treatment of Christianity. Scholars have approached the ensuing controversy from several angles: Gibbon's reticence reduced it, theologically speaking, to a sampling of doctrinal viewpoints; considered as a literary phenomenon, the controversy merely provoked Gibbon to relegate his opponents to literary oblivion; historiographically, it affirmed the subordination of religious to civil history and the application of philosophical principles to the study of early Christianity. Though each is valid, none of these approaches accounts sufficiently for the historical context in which the controversy occurred. Yet an appreciation of the historical context of the controversy is necessary if Gibbon's achievement and eighteenth-century England's perspective on the problem of Christian origins are to be understood. This article observes Gibbon as he perfected his approach to religion, pondered the criticisms of his opponents, and sought to vindicate himself. In contrast to previous appraisals, it emphasizes that Gibbon was an occasional polemicist, that the controversy affected him deeply, and that, judged by contemporary standards, his critics successfully exploited their advantages in the debate.