bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Dynamic Occupancy Guidance for Air Combat of UAV
Authors: Yin Hao , Li Dongguang , Wang Yue , Li Xinpeng
Published: December 2022

The occupancy guidance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is one of the inevitable stages in the future air combat. Considering both constraints of missile launch condition and UAV flight performance, this paper established a multi-objective optimization model of occupancy guidance for UAV autonomous pursuit of enemy aircraft. The distance, angle and speed of occupancy guidance state are used as optimization variables to construct the advantage evaluation function. Based on the traditional heuristic algorithm, the Gradient Descent-Truncated Symbiotic Organizations Search (GDT-SOS) is designed to achieve rapid convergence of fitness values. By both numerical simulation and field test, the experiments demonstrated that UAV can autonomously achieve continuous, rapid and advantageous occupancy guidance under different dynamic initial conditions, which verifies that GDT-SOS has more effective than the comparison algorithm.
Seawater signatures of Ordovician climate and environment
Authors: Young Seth A. , Edwards Cole T. , Ainsaar Leho , Lindskog Anders , Saltzman Matthew R.
Published: December 2022

Tracking climatic changes throughout the Ordovician is crucial to a better understanding of the coevolution of life and environment on Earth. Ordovician climate fluctuations have been the subject of a vigorous and productive body of work over the past two decades. Here we present a synthesis of studies that have focused on reconstructing Ordovician climate and environment via direct geochemical proxy datasets and/or numerical modelling approaches. Many new insights have been gained on potential causes of events: the timing and potential causes of the major radiation of Ordovician marine life, changes in weathering and the transition from a greenhouse-to-icehouse state, and cooling and (de)oxygenation during the end-Ordovician Glaciation. Marked improvements in sample resolution/distribution of traditional palaeotemperature (oxygen isotopes), palaeoredox (sulfur isotopes) and weathering proxy records (strontium and neodymium isotopes), as well as the development of new palaeoenvironmental proxies (e.g. clumped, uranium, molybdenum and thallium isotopes; iodine, iron, trace metal geochemistry), have led to better constraints on Ordovician climate and environment. These recent works have led to a more nuanced understanding of the Ordovician Earth System, which allows the global community to focus future efforts on answering remaining questions regarding palaeoclimate and environment, as well as embark upon new investigations.
Influential Global and Local Contexts Guided Trace Representation for Fault Localization
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Lei Yan , Su Ting , Yan Meng , Mao Xiaoguang , Yu Yue
Published: December 2022

Trace data is critical for fault localization (FL) to analyze suspicious statements potentially responsible for a failure. However, existing trace representation meets its bottleneck mainly in two aspects: (1) the trace information of a statement is restricted to a local context (i.e., a test case) without the consideration of a global context (i.e., all test cases of a test suite); (2) it just uses the ‘occurrence’ for representation without strong FL semantics.

Thus, we propose
UNITE
: an infl

U

ential co

N

text-Gu

I

ded

T

race r

E

presentation, representing the trace from both global and local contexts with influential semantics for FL. UNITE embodies and implements two key ideas: (1) UNITE leverages the widely used weighting capability from local and global contexts of information retrieval to reflect how important a statement (a word) is to a test case (a document) in all test cases of a test suite (a collection), where a test case (a document) and all test cases of a test suite (a collection) represent local and global contexts respectively; (2) UNITE further elaborates the trace representation from ‘occurrence’ (weak semantics) to ‘influence’ (strong semantics) by combing program dependencies. The large-scale experiments on 12 FL techniques and 20 programs show that UNITE significantly improves FL effectiveness.
DDAM:

D

ata

D

istribution-

A

ware

M

apping of CNNs on Processing-In-Memory Systems
Authors: Wang Junpeng , Du Haitao , Ding Bo , Xu Qi , Chen Song , Kang Yi
Published: December 2022

Convolution neural networks (CNNs) are widely used algorithms in image processing, natural language processing and many other fields. The large amount of memory access of CNNs is one of the major concerns in CNN accelerator designs that influences the performance and energy-efficiency. With fast and low-cost memory access, Processing-In-Memory (PIM) system is a feasible solution to alleviate the memory concern of CNNs. However, the distributed manner of data storing in PIM systems is in conflict with the large amount of data reuse of CNN layers. Nodes of PIM systems may need to share their data with each other before processing a CNN layer, leading to extra communication overhead. In this article, we propose DDAM to map CNNs onto PIM systems with the communication overhead reduced. Firstly, A data transfer strategy is proposed to deal with the data sharing requirement among PIM nodes by formulating a Traveling-Salesman-Problem (TSP). To improve data locality, a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to partition the CNN and allocate a number of nodes to each part. Finally, an integer linear programming (ILP)-based mapping algorithm is proposed to map the partitioned CNN onto the PIM system. Experimental results show that compared to the baselines, DDAM can get a higher throughput of 2.0× with the energy cost reduced by 37% on average.
Effects of extremity trauma on physiological responses to hemorrhage in conscious rats
Authors: Klemcke Harold G. , Calderon Mariam L. , Ryan Kathy L. , Xiang Lusha , Hinojosa-Laborde Carmen
Published: December 2022

In both civilian and military settings, severe hemorrhage rarely occurs in the absence of tissue trauma, yet many animal models for the study of hemorrhage do not include significant tissue trauma. This study using conscious unrestrained rats clearly demonstrates that extremity trauma worsens the probability of survival after a severe hemorrhage. Although no single cardiorespiratory factor accounted for the increased mortality, multiple modest time-related cardiorespiratory responses to the trauma were observed suggesting that their combined dysfunction may have contributed to the reduced survival.
Sex-specific improvement in cardiac phenotype in older females combining blood withdrawal and exercise training
Authors: Diaz-Canestro Candela , Montero David
Published: December 2022

Based on previous studies, main features of the cardiac phenotype in females with advanced age are generally unresponsive to lifestyle interventions. The present findings reveals that the cardiac phenotype of middle-age and older females is amenable to large modification in a short-term period when hematological stimuli are combined with those induced by exercise training. The same intervention only induced minor adaptations in males matched by age and potential confounding factors.
Sustained contractile force regulated by rho-kinase and protein kinase C in sheep carotid arterial smooth muscle
Authors: Smit Leanne C. M. , Wang Lu , Chitano Pasquale , Seow Chun Y.
Published: December 2022

The study supports a model that the maintenance of sustained force during a contraction of arterial smooth muscle is dependent on the intracellular transmission of force through the cytoskeleton and that ρ-kinase and protein kinase C plays an important role in the regulation of cytoskeletal integrity and its efficiency in force transmission.
The enteric nervous system
Authors: Sharkey Keith A. , Mawe Gary M.
Published: December 2022

Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water occurs in a hostile luminal environment that contains a large and diverse microbiota. At the core of regulatory control of the digestive and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract is the enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex system of neurons and glia in the gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) the intrinsic neural control of gut functions involved in digestion and 2) how the ENS interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. We highlight developments that have revolutionized our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of enteric neural control. These include a new understanding of the molecular architecture of the ENS, the organization and function of enteric motor circuits, and the roles of enteric glia. We explore the transduction of luminal stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, the regulation of intestinal barrier function by enteric neurons and glia, local immune control by the ENS, and the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the ENS. Multifunctional enteric neurons work together with enteric glial cells, macrophages, interstitial cells, and enteroendocrine cells integrating an array of signals to initiate outputs that are precisely regulated in space and time to control digestion and intestinal homeostasis.
Up-Regulation of SH3TC2 Induced by YTHDF1 Predicts Poor Outcome and Facilitates Cell-Cycle Progress in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wu Huili , Chu Feifei , Li Lu , Li Kunkun , Xiao Xingguo , Zhang Li , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2022

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a crucial role in determining the fate and function of RNA transcripts in tumor cells. Nevertheless, how m6A regulates the expression of key molecules and coordinates its involvement in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the m6A reading protein YTHDF1-mediated up-regulation of SH3TC2 promotes CRC growth both in vitro and in vivo. In a pan-cancer analysis across more than thirty types of cancer, we found that SH3TC2 was dysregulated in nine cancers, including BLCA, CHOL, COAD, LAML, PAAD, READ, SKCM, BRCA, and TGCT, and was closely associated with patient prognosis in four cancers, including COAD, MESO, PAAD, and READ. In particular, SH3TC2 was overexpressed in CRC as confirmed by six independent study cohorts. Clinically, high expression of SH3TC2 predicted worse disease-free survival (DFS) in CRC patients. SH3TC2 showed fascinating diagnostic value and was correlated with immunosuppression in CRC. Functionally, RNA-sequencing combined with experiments revealed that knockdown of SH3TC3 significantly inhibited cell-cycle progress of CRC, impairing cell growth. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 protein directly binds with SH3TC2 mRNA and promotes its elevation in an m6A-dependent manner. Thus, our findings provide a mechanism to target the YTHDF1/SH3TC2 axis for CRC therapy.
Batter Characteristics and Oil Penetration of Deep-Fried Breaded Fish Nuggets: Effect of Wheat Starch—Gluten Interaction
Authors: Feng Jiaqi , Chen Jiwang , Chen Chaofan , Yuan Zijun , Liao E. , Xia Wenshui , Hayes Douglas G.
Published: December 2022

To understand the effect of the interaction between wheat starch (

W
S

) and wheat gluten (

W
G

) on batter characteristics and oil penetration of deep-fried breaded fish nuggets, batters were prepared using a

W
S

and

W
G

blend at the ratios of 15 : 1, 13 : 1, 11 : 1, 9 : 1, and 7 : 1

w
/
w

, respectively, and batter-breaded fish nuggets (BBFNs) were fried at 170°C for 40 s followed by 190°C for 30 s. Moisture adsorption isotherms of

W
S

and

W
G

, viscosity, rheological behavior, and calorimetric properties of the batters were measured, and pick-up of BBFNs, thermogravimetric properties of the crust, and oil transport were investigated. The moisture absorption capacity of

W
G

was higher than

W
S

at a low water activity (0.04–0.65), while the opposite trend was observed at a highwater activity (0.65–0.88). As the proportion of

W
S

decreased, the viscosity,

G
”

and tan δ of batter, pick-up of BBFNs, temperature and enthalpy change (ΔH) of protein denaturation and

W
S

gelatinization, and oil penetration of BBFNs during deep-fat frying, which are decreased until reaching a minimum value at the ratio of 11 : 1

w
/
w

, then increased (

p
<
0.05

). However, G' of batter and thermogravimetry temperatures of crust exhibited the opposite trend. These results proved that the

W
S

–

W
G

interaction significantly affected the batter characteristics and oil penetration of BBFNs during deep-fat frying, which can be used to guide the manufacturing of low-fat fried BBFNs.
Physiological Status Prediction Based on a Novel Hybrid Intelligent Scheme
Authors: Liu Na , Ma Chiyue , Xu Man , Ge Yun , Gan Dan
Published: December 2022

Physiological status plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. However, the temporal physiological data change dynamically with time, and the amount of data is large; furthermore, obtaining a complete history of data has become difficult. We propose a hybrid intelligent scheme for physiological status prediction, which can be effectively utilized to predict the physiological status of patients and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis. Our proposed scheme initially extracted the attribute information of nonlinear dynamic changes in physiological signals. The maximum discriminant feature subset was selected by employing conditional relevance mutual information feature selection. An optimal subset of features was fed into the particle swarm optimization–support vector machine classifier to perform classification. For the prediction task, the proposed hybrid intelligent scheme was tested on the Sleep Heart Health Study dataset for sleep status prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed intelligent scheme outperforms the conventional machine learning classification methods.
Solving the Helmholtz Equation Together with the Cauchy Boundary Conditions by a Modified Quasi‐Reversibility Regularization Method
Authors: Barnes Benedict , Addai Isaac , Boateng Francis Ohene , Takyi Ishmael
Published: December 2022

The Quasi‐Reversibility Regularization Method (Q‐RRM) provides stable approximate solution of the Cauchy problem of the Helmholtz equation in the Hilbert space by providing either additional information in the Laplace‐type operator in the Helmholtz equation or the imposed Cauchy boundary conditions on the Helmholtz equation. To help bridge this gap in the literature, a Modified Quasi‐reversibility Regularization Method (MQ‐RRM) is introduced to provide additional information in both the Laplace‐type operator occurring in the Helmholtz equation and the imposed Cauchy boundary conditions on the Helmholtz equation, resulting in a strong stable solution and faster convergence of the solution of the Helmholtz equation than the regularized solutions provided by Q‐RRM and its variants methods.
Multivalued Impulsive SDEs Driven by G‐Brownian Noise: Periodic Averaging Result
Authors: Abouagwa Mahmoud , Khalaf Anas D. , Gul Nadia , Alyobi Sultan , Mohamed Al-Sharef
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to study two approximation theorems in view of the periodic averaging results for non‐Lipschitz multivalued stochastic differential equations with impulses and G‐Brownian motion (MISDEGs). By adopting G‐Itô’s formula and non‐Lipschitz condition, the solutions to the simplified MSDEGs without impulses may replace those of the initial MISDEGs in view of approximation inL2‐sense and capacity. Finally, we bring a couple of two examples to enhance our theoretical results.
Tongue Image Texture Classification Based on Image Inpainting and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yan Jianjun , Chen Bochang , Guo Rui , Zeng Menghao , Yan Haixia , Xu Zhaoxia , Wang Yiqin
Published: December 2022

Tongue texture analysis is of importance to inspection diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has great application and irreplaceable value. The tough and tender classification for tongue image relies mainly on image texture of tongue body. However, texture discontinuity adversely affects the classification of the tough and tender tongue classification. In order to promote the accuracy and robustness of tongue texture analysis, a novel tongue image texture classification method based on image inpainting and convolutional neural network is proposed. Firstly, Gaussian mixture model is applied to separate the tongue coating and body. In order to exclude the interference of tongue coating on tough and tender tongue classification, a tongue body image inpainting model is built based on generative image inpainting with contextual attention to realize the inpainting of the tongue body image to ensure the continuity of texture and color change of tongue body image. Finally, the classification model of the tough and tender tongue inpainting image based on ResNet101 residual network is used to train and test. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better classification results compared with the existing methods of texture classification of tongue image and provides a new idea for tough and tender tongue classification.
A Simple Algorithm for Prime Factorization and Primality Testing
Authors: Hamiss Kabenge
Published: December 2022

We propose a new simple and faster algorithm to factor numbers based on the nature of the prime numbers contained in such composite numbers. It is well known that every composite number has a unique representation as a product of prime numbers. In this study, we focus mainly on composite numbers that contain a product of prime numbers that are greater than or equal to 5 which are of the form 6k + 1 or 6k + 5. Therefore, we use the condition that every prime or composite P of primes greater than or equal to 5 satisfies P2 ≡ 1 (mod24). This algorithm is very fast especially when the difference in the prime components of a composite number (prime gap) is not so large. When the difference between the factors (prime gap) is not so large, it often requires just a single iteration to obtain the factors.
Monitoring Worker Exposure to COVID-19 and Other Occupational Risks Using BLE Beacons
Authors: Gómez-de-Gabriel Jesús M. , Rey-Merchán María del Carmen , López-Arquillos Antonio , Fernández-Madrigal Juan-Antonio
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health priority during 2020. Social safety distance is one of the most effective strategies to stop the spreading of the virus, as it reduces the dose of infectious particles that a person can receive. Real-time location systems (RTLS) based on ultrawideband (UWB), radio frequency identification (RFID), Global Position System (GPS), or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) can help keep workers safe at the workplace. The aim of the current paper is to develop a dosimeter proposal to monitor and control the distance and exposure time between workers based on BLE beacon technology considering viral load. Our proposal is based on a set of BLE beacons and safety distance estimation by filtering RSSI measurements with a Gaussian extended Kalman filter. According to the estimated proximity values and the exposure time, a finite state machine will alarm when the worker receives the maximum dose defined by health authorities. The proposed system can be applied to prevent any risk that can be eliminated or reduced controlling distances and/or exposition time of the worker to the occupational risk. The proposal is robust, is inexpensive, and respects the privacy of workers, and its accuracy is higher than that of existing smartphone applications. In future pandemic situations, the system can be easily updated to the safety distance and viral particle dose related with the new risk agent. The system can protect from additional risk incorporating beacons on the extra risk identified such as thermal, noise, or radiation.
Relationships between Perturbations of a Linear Relation and Its Operator Part
Authors: Xu Guixin , Zhang Meirong
Published: December 2022

In this study, we establish some relationships between perturbations of a linear relation and its operator part by constructing an operator, which is induced by two linear relations including their closedness, hermiticity, self‐adjointness, various spectra, defect indices, and perturbation terms.
Targeting Nitric Oxide: Say NO to Metastasis
Authors: Reddy Tejaswini P. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Wink David A. , Chang Jenny C.
Published: December 2022

Utilizing targeted therapies capable of reducing cancer metastasis, targeting chemoresistant and self-renewing cancer stem cells, and augmenting the efficacy of systemic chemo/radiotherapies is vital to minimize cancer-associated mortality. Targeting nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a protein within the tumor microenvironment, has gained interest as a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce metastatic capacity and augment the efficacy of chemo/radiotherapies in various solid malignancies. Our review highlights the influence of nitric oxide (NO) in tumor progression and cancer metastasis, as well as promising preclinical studies that evaluated NOS inhibitors as anticancer therapies. Lastly, we highlight the prospects and outstanding challenges of using NOS inhibitors in the clinical setting.
Is There a Place for Temozolomide plus Nivolumab among Neuroendocrine Neoplasms?
Authors: Velez Maria A. , Garon Edward B.
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of multiple solid malignancies, but their role in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) is unclear. The accompanying article reports on a study combining the programmed cell death (PD-1) inhibitor nivolumab with the alkylating agent temozolomide in patients with advanced NENs.

See related article by Owen et al., p. 731
European Association for the Study of Obesity Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Developed in Collaboration with the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians
Authors: Hassapidou Maria , Vlassopoulos Antonis , Kalliostra Marianna , Govers Elisabeth , Mulrooney Hilda , Ells Louisa , Salas Ximena Ramos , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Darleska Teodora Handjieva , Busetto Luca , Yumuk Volkan Demirhan , Dicker Dror , Halford Jason , Woodward Euan , Douglas Pauline , Brown Jennifer , Brown Tamara
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Obesity affects nearly 1 in 4 European adults increasing their risk for mortality and physical and psychological morbidity. Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease characterized by abnormal or excessive adiposity with risks to health. Medical nutrition therapy based on the latest scientific evidence should be offered to all Europeans living with obesity as part of obesity treatment interventions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify the latest evidence published in the November 2018–March 2021 period and to synthesize them in the European guidelines for medical nutrition therapy in adult obesity. Results: Medical nutrition therapy should be administered by trained dietitians as part of a multidisciplinary team and should aim to achieve positive health outcomes, not solely weight changes. A diverse range of nutrition interventions are shown to be effective in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities, and dietitians should consider all options and deliver personalized interventions. Although caloric restriction-based interventions are effective in promoting weight reduction, long-term adherence to behavioural changes may be better supported via alternative interventions based on eating patterns, food quality, and mindfulness. The Mediterranean diet, vegetarian diets, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, portfolio diet, Nordic, and low-carbohydrate diets have all been associated with improvement in metabolic health with or without changes in body weight. In the November 2018–March 2021 period, the latest evidence published focused around intermittent fasting and meal replacements as obesity treatment options. Although the role of meal replacements is further strengthened by the new evidence, for intermittent fasting no evidence of significant advantage over and above continuous energy restriction was found. Pulses, fruit and vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and dairy foods are also important elements in the medical nutrition therapy of adult obesity. Discussion: Any nutrition intervention should be based on a detailed nutritional assessment including an assessment of personal values, preferences, and social determinants of eating habits. Dietitians are expected to design interventions that are flexible and person centred. Approaches that avoid caloric restriction or detailed eating plans (non-dieting approaches) are also recommended for improvement of quality of life and body image perceptions.
CADMIUM, NICKEL, AND LEAD CONCENTRATION OF MUNICIPAL DUMPSITE IN WESTERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES
Authors: BOBON-CARNICE PEARL APHRODITE , VARONA MARISS BOSTRILLO , AMISTOSO JUDY-ANN LIGO
Published: December 2022

Heavy metal is one of the major problems due to its accumulation from the soil to the food chain, wherein dumpsites are the primary sources of heavy metal pollution. This study aimed to determine the presence of heavy metals in the soil of Santa Rita, Western Samar dumpsite and to quantify them to obtain knowledge on the possible high contamination that may affect the surrounding areas. This study focused on the presence and concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Ni, and Pb. Eighteen (18) soil samples were acquired within the three sampling sites: shoulder slope, main dumpsite, and foot slope. Each sampling site has three sampling points with a depth of 0 - 30 cm and 30 - 60 cm. Analysis showed that all heavy metals are present in the dumpsite, and the concentrations ranged from 0 - 0.1 mg/kg, 0.09 - 3.7 mg/kg, and 0.09 - 3.7 mg/kg for cadmium, lead, and nickel, respectively. In comparing heavy metals within the sampling sites and depths, only cadmium has a significant difference, while Ni and Pb have no significant difference. Compared with WHO standards, all heavy metals tested still fall within the standard limit. Therefore, the dumpsite is still at a safe level. However, residents should take measures to maintain the soil quality since heavy metal contamination in dumpsites is likely to exacerbate
Empatía y disposición a la reconciliación socioemocional en adolescentes penalizados
Authors: Durán-Palacio Nicolasa María , Gómez-Tabares Anyerson Stiths , Pulido-Varon Heidi Smith
Published: December 2022

(analytical)This study analyzes the relationship between empathy and the disposition to socioemotional reconciliation in adolescent offenders of the law. With a non-experimental, correlational-predictive design 171 young people between 15 and 23 years of age participated in the study, all of whom had been sentenced to imprisonment in Colombia. 81.1% (n = 137) males and 19.9% (n = 34) females. The interpersonal reactivity index and the socioemotional reconciliation scale were used. Positive correlations(p < 0.05) were found between empathy and socioemotional reconciliation. Regression analysis showed that empathy has positive predictor effect (p < 0.001) on total (R2 = 0.154), intrapersonal (R2 = 0.081) and interpersonal (R2 = 0.185) socioemotional reconciliation. It is concluded that empath has an impact on the socioemotional reconciliation processes of judicialized adolescents.
Keywords: Juvenile delinquency; empathy; reconciliation; emotions; social problem; conflict resolution.
Explorando el sistema de protección de la niñez en El Salvador
Authors: Parada Henry , Sanchez-Morales Daniel , Escobar-Olivo Veronica , Recinos Edwin , Ruth González Ada
Published: December 2022

(analytical)This study explores the institutional practices that support or hinder the rights of children and young people in the child protection system in El Salvador. Using an institutional ethnography approach, 61individuals who worked directly or indirectly in the child protection system were interviewed. The findings highlight a lack of manuals that establish concrete practices in accordance with the application of the Law of Comprehensive Protection for Children and Youth, which reduces the effectiveness of the country's child protection system. Through an analytical approach based on symbolic interactionism, this study explored how the individual interpretations of the law, or lack thereof, combine with socioeconomic disadvantages to create difficulties for rural child protection institutions in terms of accessing operational resources.
Keywords: Child protection system; children and youth; symbolic interactionism; El Salvador; Lepina Law; systems coordination, practice protocols, human rights, institutional practices.
Mujeres jóvenes en las pandillas salvadoreñas
Authors: Chévez-Reinoza Candida Irene , Melenge-Escudero James Alexander
Published: December 2022

(analytical)This article describes the results of qualitative research focused on the life stories of a group of young women with the objective of learning about their experiences as members of Salvadoran gangs. The participants were selected from a sociocultural project known as the Center for Social Insertion String Orchestra. The young women created their life stories through in-depth interviews and autobiographical narrative work, which facilitated the identification of four relevant results: the contexts of violence that defined their childhood; the motivations and meanings of gang membership for young women; the violence and gender roles they experience; and their artistic practice as a re-existence that allows them to resignify their lives.
Keywords: Youth; women; gangs; life stories.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Management in Hypertension
Authors: Gawałko Monika , Linz Dominik
Published: December 2022

Hypertension is prevalent in >70% of atrial fibrillation patients. In turn, hypertensive patients have up to 73% greater likelihood of atrial fibrillation. Current guidelines recommend that a systematic atrial fibrillation screening may be justified in all patients aged ≥65 years with at least 1 cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Although most blood pressure monitors include algorithms to detect atrial fibrillation with a high sensitivity of 96 [92–98]% and specificity of 94 [91–96]%, an electrocardiography confirmation is necessary to establish a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Early detection and diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is important to allow initiation of atrial fibrillation management. In the Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial (EAST-AFNET 4), hypertension was present in 88% of participants, and early rhythm control therapy lowered the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with early atrial fibrillation aged >75 or with CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score ≥2 (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 (doubled), Diabetes, Stroke (doubled), Vascular disease, Age 65–74, Sex category [female]) and cardiovascular condition. Strategies for early atrial fibrillation detection should always be linked to a comprehensive atrial fibrillation work-up infrastructure organized within an integrated ABC pathway (Anticoagulation/Avoid stroke; Better symptom control; Cardiovascular and Comorbidity optimization). For secondary prophylaxis, blood pressure control should be embedded in a combined risk factor management program. In hypertensive patients where no atrial fibrillation is detected, intensive blood pressure lowering therapy for primary prophylaxis should be initiated to reduce the risk of developing atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular complications in the future. The aim of the article is to review the current literature on atrial fibrillation detection and management in hypertensive patients.
Two new Mycena (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) species with rhizomorphs from subtropical areas of China
Authors: LIU LI-NA , ZHOU GUO-YING , TAN ZHU-MING , TIAN YONG-XIANG
Published: December 2022

Two new taxa are described from subtropical areas of China: Mycena chlorocyanea sp. nov. in sect. Viscipelles, and Mycena flosoides sp. nov. in sect. Polyadelphia. Photographs of basidiomata and morphological features, and relevant illustrations of these species are presented in this paper. Morphological characters were compared with related Mycena species, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted using internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences with Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. The phylogenetic trees showed that the two new taxa can be distinguished from phenotypically similar and phylogenetically related species.
Taxonomic notes on Xiphion collinum (Iridaceae)
Authors: BOLTENKOV EUGENY V. , DEL GUACCHIO EMANUELE
Published: December 2022

Nicola Terracciano described Xiphion collinum (Iridaceae) in 1872, based on specimens collected in Campania region, southwestern Italy. The taxon has been treated as a synonym of Iris graminea, of I. lorea, or of I. sintenisii. Critical evaluation of original material and literature confirms that X. collinum and I. lorea are the same taxon, here regarded as a synonym of I. sintenisii. This species can be chiefly distinguished from I. graminea by its rosette leaves firmer and narrower, stem terete, outer bract not longer than the inner one, claw of the outer perianth segments without distinct wings, and fruits with a slender beak and ribs in close pairs. Besides, a lectotype is designated for the name Xiphion collinum and the correct combination in Chamaeiris is provided.
A review of the family Cymothoidae (Isopoda: Cymothooidea) infesting marine fishes from Malaysian waters, with new host and geographical records
Authors: MARTIN MELISSA B. , TUAH ALIA , MUHAMAD JUARIAH H. , BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: December 2022

A checklist of parasitic cymothoids from Malaysian waters is presented based on available literature and material collected from 2010 to 2020. Most of the collected specimens were recorded from waters of Terengganu, east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (facing the South China Sea), whereas literature records were included from Sarawak, along the Miri coast of northwest Borneo. The checklist comprises 19 species in ten genera, seven of which are new records from Malaysia: Anilocra nemipteri Bruce, 1987; Ceratothoa barracuda Martin, Bruce & Nowak, 2015; Ceratothoa carinata (Bianconi, 1869); Cymothoa epimerica Avdeev, 1979; Elthusa sigani Bruce, 1990; Joryma engraulidis (Barnard, 1936) and Renocila richardsonae Williams & Bunkley-Williams, 1992. Eight new host records are based on collected specimens: Anilocra nemipteri was dorsally attached on Nemipterus nemurus (Bleeker, 1857), Nemipterus nematophorus (Bleeker, 1854), Nemipterus tambuloides (Bleeker, 1853) and Nemipterus thosaporni Russell, 1991 (family Nemipteridae); Ceratothoa carinata was found in the buccal cavity of Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851 (family Carangidae); Cymothoa eremita (Brunnich, 1783) was attached in the buccal cavity of Nemipterus tambuloides (Bleeker, 1853) and Nemipterus furcosus (Valenciennes, 1830); Elthusa sigani was found attached on the gills of Pterois russelli Bennett, 1831 (family Scorpaenidae), and Renocila richardsonae was attached on the caudal fin of Upeneus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) (family Mullidae). All cymothoid species listed here are known to have a Central Indo-Pacific distribution, with some ranging as far as the Western Indian Ocean. A cymothoid–host association is here listed from 28 fish families, with the most commonly reported from Carangidae (pompanos, jack mackerels, runners, scads), Engraulidae (anchovies), and Leiognathidae (ponyfishes, slipmouths). This paper is the first comprehensive review of both verified literature records and deposited specimens. A key for the family of Cymothoidae in Malaysian waters is given.
Conceptualizing Confidence: A Multisited Qualitative Analysis in a Severe Weather Context
Authors: Henderson Jen , Spinney Jennifer , Demuth Julie L.
Published: December 2022

Confidence is a concept important to weather prediction, shaping how risk information is created, shared, understood, and acted upon. For forecasters in the National Weather Service (NWS) and their partners in public safety, confidence is central to their work, appearing frequently during their decision support services. While confidence has been examined in a variety of literatures, it is often addressed simplistically or as one of many variables in a study. It is rarely the object of study in and of itself, even less so in a naturalistic setting like an operational environment. To build a more robust knowledge of confidence and its many dimensions, we conducted a multisited ethnography of three interrelated sites central to tornado prediction and information dissemination, leading up to and during a cool-season tornado event. In partnership with collaborators from the NWS and emergency management, we simultaneously deployed to a National Center, a local Weather Forecast Office, and an emergency management office. This article explicates confidence from multiple social science theories, considering the scientific, data-based roots of confidence, as well as its affective, relational, and procedural origins. Our results show that confidence emerges in varied and complex ways and at different scales. Confidence can indicate one’s assessment of evidence and agreement (or lack) of it, beliefs about partners’ future behavior based on past experiences, and ritual interactions between offices that create patterned expectations. We argue for a more robust interdisciplinary analysis of confidence given how it shapes weather-related policies and practices, technologies, and communication strategies.
Sky View Factor and Screening Impacts on the Forecast Accuracy of Road Surface Temperatures in Finland
Authors: Karsisto Virve , Horttanainen Matti
Published: December 2022

Forecasting road conditions is important, especially in areas with wintry conditions and rapidly changing weather. Accurate forecasts help authorities keep roads safe and optimize maintenance. Considering local features is important when making the forecast because the road surface temperature can vary significantly depending on the road surroundings. For example, in a shadowed location, the road surface temperature can be significantly lower than in open surroundings. A road weather model developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute is used to forecast the road surface temperature and road conditions. However, the model still assumes open road surroundings. In this study, sky view factor and screening are included in the model, and their effects on the forecast road surface temperature is tested. Road surface temperature hindcasts were performed for 23 selected road weather stations in Finland for three winter periods (October–March) between 2018 and 2021. The results were location dependent, and even changing the lane had a great effect on the verification results in some cases. At best, the screening considerably decreased RMSE values during the day. However, there were many cases in which the screening increased RMSE. In general, the used shadowing algorithm increased the already negative bias during the day. Nevertheless, there were also cases in which the shadowing algorithm improved the bias, especially in February. During the night, the sky view factor made the forecast generally a little warmer, which often slightly decreased the negative bias in the forecast.

Significance Statement

The screening caused by objects surrounding a road has a great effect on the road surface temperature. Recently, a screening algorithm was added to the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s model that forecasts road conditions. The purpose of this study was to test how the algorithm affects the accuracy of road surface temperature forecasts. According to the results, the screening greatly improved the forecast accuracy in some cases. However, in some cases, the screening made the already overly cold forecast even colder. The study has increased our understanding of the effect of shadowing in the modeled road surface temperatures and helps to create more accurate forecasts in the future.
A Change of Tune: The Democratization of Market Mediation and Crossover Production in the U.S. Commercial Music Industry
Authors: Shi Yuan
Published: December 2022

This article examines whether intermediaries and consumers exert similar influence on producers’ boundary-spanning efforts. I propose that boundary spanning is primarily constrained by intermediaries specialized in the market, not by consumers. Consequently, producers are more likely to obscure boundaries when intermediaries’ power weakens. To test these ideas, I exploit a natural experiment that shifted the hitmaking power of genre-specific radio stations to general consumers and thus partially democratized the market mediation structure of the U.S. commercial music industry. The results indicate that after democratization occurred in 2012, record labels were more likely to introduce crossover offerings that incorporated features from other popular genres. Through mechanism triangulation efforts, I found that strategic reorientation, or producers’ attempt to appeal to a broader spectrum of consumers across genre lines, plausibly explains the crossover effect. This study highlights democratizing changes that dilute intermediaries’ influence as a novel explanation of why constraints on producers’ boundary decisions have weakened in some markets. The findings suggest that intermediaries’ and consumers’ expectations may diverge, acting as conflicting forces that organizations must carefully manage. Many organizations closely monitor intermediaries that are deemed influential, but their influence should not be taken for granted as marketplaces empower consumers and become more democratized.
Evidence for Shifting Cognitive Strategies when Icons Appear in Unexpected Locations
Authors: Ericson Jonathan D. , Albert William S.
Published: December 2022

Objective

The present study examines the cognitive effects of placing icons in unexpected spatial locations within websites.

Background

Prior research has revealed evidence for cognitive conflict when web icons occur in unexpected locations (e.g., cart, top left), generally consistent with a dynamical systems models. Here, we compare the relative strength of evidence for both dual and dynamical systems models.

Methods

Participants clicked on icons located in either expected (e.g., cart, top right) or unexpected (e.g., cart, top left) locations while mouse trajectories were continuously recorded. Trajectories were classified according to prototypes associated with each cognitive model. The dynamical systems model predicts curved trajectories, while the dual-systems model predicts straight and change of mind trajectories.

Results

Trajectory classification revealed that curved trajectories increased (+11%), while straight and change of mind trajectories decreased (−12%) when target icons occurred in unexpected locations (p < .001).

Conclusion

Rather than employing a single cognitive strategy, users shift from a primarily dual-systems to dynamical systems strategy when icons occur in unexpected locations.

Application

Potential applications of this work include the assessment of cognitive impacts such as mental workload and cognitive conflict during real-time interaction with websites and other screen-based interfaces, personalization and adaptive interfaces based on an individual’s cognitive strategy, and data-driven A/B testing of alternative interface designs.
Do Sustainability Disclosures Lead to Opportunistic Behaviour? Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mishra Poornima , Sharma Ashish
Published: December 2022

The present study empirically examines the bi-directional relationship between sustainability disclosures and earnings quality under mandatory sustainability disclosures regime for India, a developing country. It considers both the qualitative and quantitative measurements of sustainability disclosures. Earlier research only explored such relationships assuming a unidirectional approach, under voluntary sustainability disclosure setting with quantitative measurements of sustainability disclosures for developed countries. The study employs the generalised method of moments (GMM) approach on selected listed companies for the period 2013–2019. The result shows a negative bi-directional relationship between sustainability disclosures quality and earnings quality which also hold when tested with an alternate earnings quality measure. The result confirms that firms focusing on sustainability disclosures will also be manipulating earnings because of opportunistic perspective. Also, firms manage earnings to use sustainability disclosures as their cover to protect themselves. The study offers theoretical contribution by empirically corroborating the agency theory based managerial opportunism hypothesis. It extends and validates the managerial opportunism hypothesis in a novel context and under mandatory sustainability disclosures setting. The findings offer strong policy implications to Indian regulators and other stakeholders regarding the unintended consequence of mandatory sustainability disclosures.

JEL Codes: Q50, Q56, M48
Mechanical properties of additively printed, UV cured, continuous fiber unidirectional composites for multifunctional applications
Authors: Baur Jeffery W , Abbott Andrew C , Barnett Philip R , Tandon Gyaneshwar P , Furmanski Jevan , Stranberg Nathan A , Alvarado Tyler B
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the mechanical properties and microstructure of additively manufactured, continuous fiber reinforced composites made by the Continuous Fiber 3D Printing (CF3D®) process. We specifically investigate composites of GF-2, a high temperature thermosetting acrylic polymer, and T-1100, a high strength carbon fiber, with a 41.5% fiber volume fraction. The resulting composites have a longitudinal tensile modulus of 122 GPa and a strength of 1599 MPa, which is 89% and 55% of the theoretical value by rule of mixtures, respectively. This appears to be the highest strength additively manufactured composites to date, largely due to the high mechanical properties of the T-1100 fiber, low defects, and substantial fiber volume fraction. Comparable results are obtained for a cationic cure resin, CATPRO14. We optically measured the fiber–fiber contact surface area fraction of GF-2 and employing the unidirectional strength model of Karam to predict a strength efficiency of 0.6, which is in good agreement with mechanical estimate of 0.55. Comparing results with the efficiency factors of high fiber volume prepreg laminates, we determine the printing process yields composites with 88%–95% of the anticipated longitudinal modulus and 65%–70% of the anticipated longitudinal tensile strength of those processed by traditional methods. To extend the printing to multifunctional microvascular composites, we consider the mechanical implications of including sacrificial filaments of 100–300 μm within each tow. A modest decrease in longitudinal strength in proportion to the microchannel volume fraction is predicted, where the decrease is mainly attributed to the increased fiber-to-fiber interactions in more tightly packed tows.