bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating Affective (In)securities: Forced Migration and Transnational Family Relationships
Authors: Hiitola Johanna , Karimi Zeinab , Leinonen Johanna
Published: March 2023

This chapter examines the affective everyday (in)securities of families who are trying to be reunited with family members in Finland. The data concerns families of forced migrants who have gained residency in Finland on humanitarian grounds (compassionate grounds) or based on international protection (subsidiary protection, asylum). Scholarship on transnational families suggests that maintaining family ties across borders has emotional dimensions that are manifested through gendered care and normative expectations. In addition, family separation is intensely emotional. In this chapter, we use the concept of affect to investigate everyday insecurity. We understand affect broadly as bodies’ capabilities to affect or be affected by other bodies and connect this process to transnational flows of emotion. The data consist of interviews with 55 forced migrants from Iraq, Afghanistan, Somalia and Ethiopia who are currently living in Finland, but who have family members waiting for family reunification outside the EU. Our analysis is based primarily on interviews with the sponsoring family members, but we also include six interviewees who described the experience of waiting abroad. Our results show that everyday insecurities are related to affects in three ways: through judgement, affective disparity and transnational flows of affect.
Gendered Family Dynamics, Waiting and Mobilities Across Borders: Syrian Refugees Navigating Displacement in Jordan
Authors: Lokot Michelle
Published: March 2023

This chapter focuses on the experiences of Syrian refugees living in Jordan and the relational ties they form and sustain across borders and within Jordan. The data was collected during 9 months of ethnographic research in Jordan. The findings from this research reveal the challenges Syrians face in waiting for reunification with their spouses and children in Europe, as well as the challenges of maintaining connections with family and friends still in Syria and in other countries. The findings draw attention to everyday practices during periods of waiting, including dealing with family dynamics and jealousy, and the coping strategies used to maintain relationships. They highlight the tensions, regrets, disclosures and silences affecting separated families. This chapter contributes to knowledge on waiting, family dynamics, gender and mobilities, deepening our understanding of social relationships and relational wellbeing during forced migration, to enable academics and policymakers to understand the complexity of refugees’ everyday experiences during displacement.
Teaching Effectiveness Revisited Through the Lens of Practice Theories
Authors: Vieluf Svenja , Klieme Eckhard
Published: March 2023

In research on teaching, there is a tension between the intention to provide educational practice with clear and convertible recommendations and the wish to do justice to the whole complexity, contingency, uncertainty and ambiguity of social interactions. Multiple research paradigms address this tension in different ways. The chapter brings together two such contrasting paradigms:Teaching Effectiveness Research(TER), which uses quantitative methods for explaining and predicting criteria of “teaching success” with characteristics of teaching, andpractice theories, which aim at reconstructing classroom practice to gain an understanding of the social order in the classroom without a priori assumptions regarding their desirability.

Presenting a specific instantiation of TER, the Theory of Basic Dimensions of Teaching Quality (TBD), the chapter elaborates on two major limitations of TER in general, and TBD in particular: a simplistic concept of relations between teaching and learning and a lack of understanding of the dynamics of classroom interaction. To better understand, and to some extent overcome these limitations, the chapter critically reflects on TER/TBD by contrasting it with a practice theoretical perspective. Using these two paradigms, the paper advances the idea that the dialogue between paradigms can be inspiring for empirical research and theory-building.
Establishing a Comprehensive Theory of Teaching and Learning: The Contribution of the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness
Authors: Kyriakides Leonidas , Panayiotou Anastasia , Antoniou Panayiotis
Published: March 2023

The chapter refers to the evolvement of Educational Effectiveness Research (EER) during the last 40 years that begun from the mere identification of correlations among factors and led to the development of integrated models of effectiveness. Then, the chapter refers to the development of the dynamic model of educational effectiveness which emerged from a critical review of integrated models of effectiveness and a synthesis of studies testing the validity of these models. The teacher factors of the dynamic model are presented and their relations with theories of learning are identified. We also refer to longitudinal studies conducted in different countries to test the validity of the dynamic model. The findings of these studies generated empirical support to the main assumptions of the model. Stages of effective teaching were also identified. In the final section, issues of equity are discussed taking into consideration that EER has evolved beyond the sole search of ‘what works’ in education to also providing answers to questions such as ‘for whom does it work’ and ‘under which conditions does it work’. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of developing a more comprehensive and dynamic theoretical framework of teaching and learning that can be used for improvement purposes.
Towards a Relational Approach for Analysing Labour Control Regimes and Union Agency in GPNs
Authors: López Tatiana
Published: March 2023

This chapter introduces central tenets of relational thinking in economic geography and then develops a relational approach for analysing labour control regimes and union agency in GPNs. It conceptualises place-specific labour control regimes at specific nodes of a GPN as emerging from the articulation of six horizontal (i.e. territorially embedded) and vertical (i.e. network embedded) processual relations: the labour process and workplace, wage, labour market, employment and industrial relations at the horizontal dimension, which in turn intersect with sourcing relations at the vertical, ‘network’ dimension of the GPN. Moreover, it develops a relational heuristic framework for analysing union agency in GPNs through the lens of three interrelated spaces of labour agency that unions construct through practices of building relations: (1) spaces of organising comprising internal union relations as well as unions organising practices; (2) spaces of collaboration constructed by unions through building relationships of collaboration with other labour and non-labour actors at various levels; and (3) spaces of contestation constructed by unions around specific labour struggles through building antagonistic relationships with employers, lead firms and state actors as well as through practices of drawing other allied actors into spaces of contestation to activate moral power resources.
Situating the Bangalore Export-garment Cluster Within the Garment GPN
Authors: López Tatiana
Published: March 2023

This chapter introduces the Bangalore export-garment cluster as the main case of this study and situates it with the broader structural context of the garment GPN. To this end, the chapter first outlines the historical and geographical development of the garment GPN as well as the power relations structuring it. In this context, the chapter identifies three subsequent trends that have characterised the garment GPN since the early 2000s: (1) the geographical consolidation of garment retailers’ sourcing networks with a particularly strong growth of the industry in China and India during the 2000s; (2) thereafter, the emergence of new low-wage sourcing destinations in South and South-East Asia, and in Africa; and, most recently, (3) a selective shift towards ‘near sourcing’ by fast fashion retailers for higher value-added, time critical fashion garments. Thereafter, the chapter lays out the historical and geographical development of the export-garment industry in India and in Bangalore and gives an overview of the industrial relations in the cluster.
A flow in the forest
Authors: Gorsky Alexander , Kazakov Vladimir , Levkovich-Maslyuk Fedor , Mishnyakov Victor
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Using the matrix-forest theorem and the Parisi-Sourlas trick we formulate and solve a one-matrix model with non-polynomial potential which provides perturbation theory for massive spinless fermions on dynamical planar graphs. This is a lattice version of 2d quantum gravity coupled to massive spinless fermions. Our model equivalently describes the ensemble of spanning forests on the same graphs. The solution is formulated in terms of an elliptic curve. We then focus on a near-critical scaling limit when both the graphs and the trees in the forests are macroscopically large. In this limit we obtain one-point scaling functions (condensates), parameterized in terms of the Lambert function. Our results provide a rare example where one can explore the flow between two gravity models — in this case, the theories of conformal matter coupled to 2d gravity with c = −2 (large trees regime) and c = 0 (small trees regime). We also compute the disc partition functions with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in the same critical limit.
Hormetic Effects of Cerium, Lanthanum and Their Combination at Sub-micromolar Concentrations in Sea Urchin Sperm
Authors: Pagano Giovanni , Brouziotis Antonios Apostolos , Lyons Daniel , Čarapar Ivana , Oral Rahime , Tez Serkan , Thomas Philippe J. , Tommasi Franca , Libralato Giovanni , Guida Marco , Trifuoggi Marco
Published: March 2023

Rare earth elements (REEs) cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) and their combination were tested across a concentration range, from toxic (10−4 to 10−5 M) to lower concentrations (10−6 to 10−8 M) for their effects on sea urchin (Sphaerechinus granularis) sperm. A significantly decreased fertilization rate (FR) was found for sperm exposed to 10−5 M Ce, La and their combination, opposed to a significant increase of FR following 10−7 and 10−8 M REE sperm exposure. The offspring of REE-exposed sperm showed significantly increased developmental defects following sperm exposure to 10−5 M REEs vs. untreated controls, while exposure to 10−7 and 10−8 M REEs resulted in significantly decreased rates of developmental defects. Both of observed effects–on sperm fertilization success and on offspring quality–were closely exerted by Ce or La or their combination.
Bio-inspired design, modeling, and 3D printing of lattice-based scale model scooter decks
Authors: Namvar Naser , Moloukzadeh Ilya , Zolfagharian Ali , Demoly Frédéric , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: March 2023

This research aims at enhancing the performance of scale-model scooter decks by investigating various architected cellular metamaterial and bio-inspired core structure designs, such as honeycomb, tetrachiral, re-entrant, arrowhead, and star-shaped arrangements. An initial effort is made toward the design and rapid prototyping of small-scale deck with a uniform honeycomb core structure. More specifically, polylactic acid is utilized to fabricate complex structures via fused filament fabrication technique. Investigation is then focused on its mechanical performance, such as its bending properties obtained through a three-point bending test. Simulations are also conducted with different core configurations using a geometrically non-linear finite element method which is implemented. Experiments are carried out to verify the numerical results. After validation, various patterns are modeled, and eventually, it is observed that the functionally graded arrowhead structure has the best bending resistance, compared to other bio-inspired and mechanical metamaterial structures. At a constant force of 845 N, the functionally graded arrowhead design lowers the deflection in the middle of the scale model of scooter deck by up to 14.7%, compared to the uniform arrowhead structure. Furthermore, comparing the tetrachiral and functionally graded arrowhead configurations at a constant force, a 30% reduction in central deflection was observed. Due to the lack of similar results and designs in the specialized literature, this work could potentially advance the state-of-the-art scooter core designs and provide designers with architectures that could enhance the performance and safety of scooters.
High dive efficiency in shallow water
Authors: Stokes Kimberley L. , Esteban Nicole , Stokes Holly J. , Hays Graeme C.
Published: March 2023

Dive studies across mammals, birds, reptiles and fish often focus on deep dives, and shallow water diving has tended to be overlooked. For air-breathers, foraging in shallow water poses challenges since the lungs generate buoyancy, and shallow divers must trade off the extent of inhalation against the negative buoyancy needed to avoid floating to the surface. Using high-resolution depth loggers, we addressed this knowledge gap around the ecology of shallow water diving at a foraging site for hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) where depth was typically < 3 m. Contrary to predictions, dive durations were long, particularly at night (mean dive duration per turtle: 17–61 min, n = 12 turtles, n = 2576 nocturnal dives), despite warm water temperatures (24–37 °C). Dive efficiency (% time submerged) for hawksbills was 98%, the highest recorded for any air-breathing marine vertebrate including penguins (60–78%), seals (51–91%), cetaceans (68–87%), and other sea turtle species (68–95%). Hawksbills usually dive for much longer (42–286% increase) than green and loggerhead turtles when depth and temperature are accounted for. Hawksbill turtles likely forage in very shallow water to reduce predation risk from sharks: of 423 hawksbills captured by hand, none had any evidence of shark attack, although large sharks were present in nearby deeper water. Our results challenge the prediction that shallow water dives by air-breathers will usually be short and open the way for comparative studies of the ecology of shallow water diving in a range of other taxa. Our work emphasises the likely importance of predation risk in shaping patterns of habitat utilisation.
Whole-body diffusion magnetic resonance imaging with simultaneous multi-slice excitation in children and adolescents
Authors: Krueger Paul-Christian , Krämer Martin , Benkert Thomas , Ertel Sophia , Teichgräber Ulf , Waginger Matthias , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Glutig Katja
Published: March 2023

Background

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) is an increasingly used guideline-based imaging modality for oncological and non-oncological pathologies during childhood and adolescence. While diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), a part of WB-MRI, enhances image interpretation and improves sensitivity, it also requires the longest acquisition time during a typical WB-MRI scan protocol. Interleaved short tau inversion recovery (STIR) DWI with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisition is an effective way to speed up examinations.

Objective

In this study of children and adolescents, we compared the acquisition time, image quality, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of an interleaved STIR SMS-DWI sequence with a standard non-accelerated DWI sequence for WB-MRI.

Materials and methods

Twenty children and adolescents (mean age: 13.9 years) who received two WB-MRI scans at a maximum interval of 18 months, consisting of either standard DWI or SMS-DWI MRI, respectively, were included. For quantitative evaluation, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was determined for b800 images and ADC maps of seven anatomical regions. Image quality evaluation was independently performed by two experienced paediatric radiologists using a 5-point Likert scale. The measurement time per slice stack, pause between measurements including shim and total measurement time of DWI for standard DWI and SMS-DWI were extracted directly from the scan data.

Results

When including the shim duration, the acquisition time for SMS-DWI was 43% faster than for standard DWI. Qualitatively, the scores of SMS-DWI were higher in six locations in the b800 images and four locations in the ADC maps. There was substantial agreement between both readers, with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.75. Quantitatively, the SNR in the b800 images and the ADC maps did not differ significantly from one another.

Conclusion

Whole body-MRI with SMS-DWI provided equivalent image quality and reduced the acquisition time almost by half compared to the standard WB-DWI protocol.
The diagnostic performance of functional dopaminergic scintigraphic imaging in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies: an updated systematic review
Authors: Jreige Mario , Kurian George K. , Perriraz Jérémy , Potheegadoo Jevita , Bernasconi Fosco , Stampacchia Sara , Blanke Olaf , Alessandra Griffa , Lejay Noemie , Chiabotti Paolo Salvioni , Rouaud Olivier , Nicod Lalonde Marie , Schaefer Niklaus , Treglia Giorgio , Allali Gilles , Prior John O.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Dopaminergic scintigraphic imaging is a cornerstone to support the diagnosis in dementia with Lewy bodies. To clarify the current state of knowledge on this imaging modality and its impact on clinical diagnosis, we performed an updated systematic review of the literature.

Methods

This systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive computer literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published through June 2022 was performed using the following search algorithm: (a) "Lewy body" [TI] OR "Lewy bodies" [TI] and (b) ("DaTscan" OR "ioflupane" OR "123ip" OR "123?ip" OR "123 ip" OR "123i-FP-CIT" OR "FPCIT" OR "FP-CIT" OR "beta?CIT" OR "beta CIT" OR "CIT?SPECT" OR "CIT SPECT" OR "Dat?scan*" OR "dat scan*" OR "dat?spect*" OR "SPECT"). Risk of bias and applicability concerns of the studies were evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool.

Results

We performed a qualitative analysis of 59 studies. Of the 59 studies, 19 (32%) addressed the diagnostic performance of dopamine transporter imaging, 15 (25%) assessed the identification of dementia with Lewy bodies in the spectrum of Lewy body disease and 18 (31%) investigated the role of functional dopaminergic imaging in distinguishing dementia with Lewy bodies from other dementias. Dopamine transporter loss was correlated with clinical outcomes in 19 studies (32%) and with other functional imaging modalities in 15 studies (25%). Heterogeneous technical aspects were found among the studies through the use of various radioligands, the more prevalent being the [123I]N‑ω‑fluoropropyl‑2β‑carbomethoxy‑3β‑(4‑iodophenyl) nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) in 54 studies (91.5%). Image analysis used visual analysis (9 studies, 15%), semi-quantitative analysis (29 studies, 49%), or a combination of both (16 studies, 27%).

Conclusion

Our systematic review confirms the major role of dopaminergic scintigraphic imaging in the assessment of dementia with Lewy bodies. Early diagnosis could be facilitated by identifying the prodromes of dementia with Lewy bodies using dopaminergic scintigraphic imaging coupled with emphasis on clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms. Most published studies use a semi-quantitative analytical assessment of tracer uptake, while there are no studies using quantitative analytical methods to measure dopamine transporter loss. The superiority of a purely quantitative approach to assess dopaminergic transmission more accurately needs to be further clarified.
Niche differentiation in the light spectrum promotes coexistence of phytoplankton species: a spatial modelling approach
Authors: Heggerud Christopher M. , Lam King-Yeung , Wang Hao
Published: March 2023

The paradox of the plankton highlights the apparent contradiction between Gause’s law of competitive exclusion and the observed diversity of phytoplankton. It is well known that phytoplankton dynamics depend heavily on light availability. Here we treat light as a continuum of resources rather than a single resource by considering the visible light spectrum. We propose a spatially explicit reaction–diffusion–advection model to explore under what circumstance coexistence is possible from mathematical and biological perspectives. Furthermore, we provide biological context as to when coexistence is expected based on the degree of niche differentiation within the light spectrum and overall turbidity of the water.
Evaluation of serum and tissue levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in non-segmental Vitiligo
Authors: Moftah Nayera Hassan , Alnos Huda , Rashed Laila , Hamdino Mervat
Published: March 2023

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. It has been established that the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), a member of the family of cold-shock proteins that respond to stress, is a DAMP molecule that promotes inflammation. The objective was to evaluate the serum and tissue CIRP expression in non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) patients. A sample of 40 participants, 20 NSV patients and 20 control groups of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this case–control study where the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used in detecting the serum and tissue CIRP levels in participants. The serum and tissue CIRP levels significantly increased in NSV patients compared with the healthy controls, (165.35 ± 24.42, 226.29 ± 24.00 versus 59.81 ± 12.10, 105.86 ± 11.27 pg/ml, respectively) (P < 0.01). Serum and tissue CIRP are significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.641, P = 0.002). Except for a statistically significant positive correlation between CIRP tissue level and VASI (r = 0.539, P = 0.014), the CIRP Serum and tissue did not show any statistically significant correlations with different clinical parameters in patients. ROC curve shows that the cut-off point for serum and tissue CIRP level to differentiate between patients and controls was 86.5, 124.3 pg/ml, respectively, with 100.0% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity and 1.000 AUC for each of them. It is concluded that CIRP may have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NSV and could be used as a marker for vitiligo and its extent with the need for further large-scale study.
Brain areas activated during visual learning in the cichlid fish Pseudotropheus zebra
Authors: Calvo R. , Hofmann M. H. , Schluessel V.
Published: March 2023

The neural correlates of most cognitive functions in fish are unknown. This project aimed to identify brain regions involved in visual learning in the cichlid fish Pseudotropheus zebra. The expression of the protein pS6 was measured in 19 brain areas and compared between groups of individuals subjected to four different behavioral contexts (control, avoidance, trained, and novelty groups). Control group individuals were sacrificed with minimal interactions. Fish in the avoidance group were chased with a net for an hour, after which they were sacrificed. Individuals in the trained group received daily training sessions to associate a visual object with a food reward. They were sacrificed the day they reached learning criterion. Fish in the novelty group were habituated to one set of visual stimuli, then faced a change in stimulus type (novelty stimulus) before they were sacrificed. Fish in the three treatment groups showed the largest activation of pS6 in the inferior lobes and the tectum opticum compared to the control group. The avoidance group showed additional activation in the preoptic area, several telencephalic regions, the torus semicircularis, and the reticular formation. The trained group that received a food reward, showed additional activation of the torus lateralis, a tertiary gustatory center. The only area that showed strong activation in all three treatment groups was the nucleus diffusus situated within the inferior lobe. The inferior lobe receives prominent visual input from the tectum via the nucleus glomerulosus but so far, nothing is known about the functional details of this pathway. Our study showed for the first time that the inferior lobes play an important role in visual learning and object recognition.
An overview and a roadmap for artificial intelligence in hematology and oncology
Authors: Rösler Wiebke , Altenbuchinger Michael , Baeßler Bettina , Beissbarth Tim , Beutel Gernot , Bock Robert , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Eckardt Jan-Niklas , Foersch Sebastian , Loeffler Chiara M. L. , Middeke Jan Moritz , Mueller Martha-Lena , Oellerich Thomas , Risse Benjamin , Scherag André , Schliemann Christoph , Scholz Markus , Spang Rainer , Thielscher Christian , Tsoukakis Ioannis , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: March 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is influencing our society on many levels and has broad implications for the future practice of hematology and oncology. However, for many medical professionals and researchers, it often remains unclear what AI can and cannot do, and what are promising areas for a sensible application of AI in hematology and oncology. Finally, the limits and perils of using AI in oncology are not obvious to many healthcare professionals.

Methods

In this article, we provide an expert-based consensus statement by the joint Working Group on “Artificial Intelligence in Hematology and Oncology” by the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO), the German Association for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS), and the Special Interest Group Digital Health of the German Informatics Society (GI). We provide a conceptual framework for AI in hematology and oncology.

Results

First, we propose a technological definition, which we deliberately set in a narrow frame to mainly include the technical developments of the last ten years. Second, we present a taxonomy of clinically relevant AI systems, structured according to the type of clinical data they are used to analyze. Third, we show an overview of potential applications, including clinical, research, and educational environments with a focus on hematology and oncology.

Conclusion

Thus, this article provides a point of reference for hematologists and oncologists, and at the same time sets forth a framework for the further development and clinical deployment of AI in hematology and oncology in the future.
POM@PMO plastic electrode for phosphate electrochemical detection: a further improvement of the detection limit
Authors: Ben-Aissa Sondes , De Marco Rossella , Susmel Sabina
Published: March 2023

The development of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor (E-sensor) is described based on stand-alone plastic electrodes (PE) for phosphate detection, being an essential nutrient in the marine environment. The detection mechanism is based on the chemical affinity between polyoxomolybdate anions (POM) and orthophosphate to form an electroactive phosphomolybdate complex. The custom-made E-sensor was formulated with an organic octamolybdate derivative (TBA4Mo8O26) incorporated with periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) to obtain a significant improvement in the analytical performances of phosphate determination. This POM@PMO combination was found to be advantageous in the determination of low concentrations of phosphate in standard solutions ranging from 1 to 500 nM, using square wave voltammetry as the detection technique. This sensitivity enhancement can be attributed to the effect of hydrophobic PMO in loading more POM moieties, owing to its highly porous structure and charged shell. Consequently, the POM@PMO-PE sensor achieved a competitive sensitivity of 4.43 ± 0.14 μA.nM−1.cm−2 and a limit of detection of 0.16 nM with good selectivity against silicates. Finally, seawater and treated wastewater samples have been tested to validate the sensor response in comparison to the official method of phosphate determination.

Graphical abstract
Mediators of outcome in adolescent psychotherapy and their implications for theories and mechanisms of change: a systematic review
Authors: Taubner Svenja , Ioannou Yianna , Saliba Andrea , Sales Célia M. D. , Volkert Jana , Protić Sonja , Adler Asta , Barkauskiene Rasa , Conejo-Cerón Sonia , Di Giacomo Dina , Mestre Jose M. , Moreno-Peral Patricia , Vieira Filipa Mucha , Mota Catarina Pinheiro , Henriques Margarida Isabel Rangel Santos , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Perdih Tjasa Stepisnik , Schmidt Stefanie Julia , Zettl Max , Ulberg Randi , Heinonen Erkki
Published: March 2023

Psychotherapeutic treatment of adolescents requires age-specific approaches and thus plausibly also involves different change mechanisms than adult psychotherapy. To guide further research and improve therapeutic outcomes for adolescents, we reviewed all RCTs investigating mechanisms of change in the psychological treatment of adolescents to identify the most promising age-, disorder- or treatment-specific mediators. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA), 106 studies were included that reported 252 statistical mediation tests assessed with 181 different measures. Most often studied and significant mediators were cognitive, followed by family-related, and behavioral variables. Several mediators were identified to be promising for future investigations: changes in negative thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs and metacognitive skills; family functioning and parenting skills; as well as successful engagement in therapy activities and increased impulse control. Symptom change during therapy was least often a mediator for other therapeutic changes. Relational and emotional mediators were largely understudied, whereas peer-influence appeared a promising mediator for intervention outcomes. Adolescence-specific mediators were most commonly investigated. Majority of studied mediators were not disorder-specific. There was a tendency to mainly test change mechanisms of specific theoretical models without considering other possible change theories. Further, virtually no studies fulfilled all criteria for rigorously investigating mediation and only nine were classified with an overall good study quality. While bearing in mind the current limitations in study designs, methodological rigor and reporting, there appears to be substantial evidence for transdiagnostic age-specific change models in the psychological treatment of adolescents. For future research, need for consensus on a core set of transdiagnostic and transtheoretical mediators and measures is highlighted. These should address likely core mechanisms of change, as well as take into account age-relevant developmental challenges and biological markers.
Multiple craniotomies in a single surgery — the resection of scattered brain metastases
Authors: Bschorer Maximilian , Ricklefs Franz L. , Sauvigny Thomas , Westphal Manfred , Dührsen Lasse
Published: March 2023

Patients with brain metastases (BM), who can benefit from resection of multiple scattered lesions, often will not be offered a procedure involving multiple craniotomies in one session due to the overall poor prognosis. However, carefully selected candidates may well benefit from the resection of multiple lesions using multiple craniotomies through a significantly shortened hospital stay, aggressive decompression, and rapid eligibility for adjuvant therapies. In this retrospective analysis, the records of patients, who were treated for multiple BM using one surgical session involving multiple craniotomies, were reviewed. A group of patients with multiple BM, whose surgery only involved one craniotomy, were assigned to a control group. Clinical and surgical characteristics, preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), complication rate, preoperative tumor size, number of lesions, number of craniotomies, skin incisions, and intraoperative repositioning of patients were recorded. Thirty-three patients were included in the multiple-craniotomy group. Thirty patients underwent two craniotomies, while three cases involved three craniotomies. Seven patients (21%) were intraoperatively repositioned from a prone to a supine position, which required an average of 23.3 ± 9.3 min from wound closure to the following skin incision. Thirty-six patients with multiple BM and matching characteristics, who received only one craniotomy for the dominant lesion, served as the control group. No difference was detected in postoperative KPS (p = 0.269), complication rate (p = 0.612), rate of new postoperative neurological deficits (p = 0.278), length of intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 0.991), and hospital stay (p = 0.913). There was a significant difference in average preoperative tumor size (p = 0.002), duration of surgery (p < 0.001), and extent of resection (p = 0.002). In the age of personalized medicine, selected patient may benefit from a single surgery for BM using multiple craniotomies. This study shows no significant increase of the perioperative complication rate for surgeries with multiple craniotomies.
Bayesian learning for neural networks: an algorithmic survey
Authors: Magris Martin , Iosifidis Alexandros
Published: March 2023

The last decade witnessed a growing interest in Bayesian learning. Yet, the technicality of the topic and the multitude of ingredients involved therein, besides the complexity of turning theory into practical implementations, limit the use of the Bayesian learning paradigm, preventing its widespread adoption across different fields and applications. This self-contained survey engages and introduces readers to the principles and algorithms of Bayesian Learning for Neural Networks. It provides an introduction to the topic from an accessible, practical-algorithmic perspective. Upon providing a general introduction to Bayesian Neural Networks, we discuss and present both standard and recent approaches for Bayesian inference, with an emphasis on solutions relying on Variational Inference and the use of Natural gradients. We also discuss the use of manifold optimization as a state-of-the-art approach to Bayesian learning. We examine the characteristic properties of all the discussed methods, and provide pseudo-codes for their implementation, paying attention to practical aspects, such as the computation of the gradients.
Autolysis Affects the Iron Cargo of Ferritins in Neurons and Glial Cells at Different Rates in the Human Brain
Authors: Sunkara Sowmya , Radulović Snježana , Lipovšek Saška , Birkl Christoph , Eggenreich Stefan , Birkl-Toeglhofer Anna Maria , Schinagl Maximilian , Funk Daniel , Stöger-Pollach Michael , Haybaeck Johannes , Goessler Walter , Ropele Stefan , Leitinger Gerd
Published: March 2023

Iron is known to accumulate in neurological disorders, so a careful balance of the iron concentration is essential for healthy brain functioning. An imbalance in iron homeostasis could arise due to the dysfunction of proteins involved in iron homeostasis. Here, we focus on ferritin—the primary iron storage protein of the brain. In this study, we aimed to improve a method to measure ferritin-bound iron in the human post-mortem brain, and to discern its distribution in particular cell types and brain regions. Though it is known that glial cells and neurons differ in their ferritin concentration, the change in the number and distribution of iron-filled ferritin cores between different cell types during autolysis has not been revealed yet. Here, we show the cellular and region-wide distribution of ferritin in the human brain using state-of-the-art analytical electron microscopy. We validated the concentration of iron-filled ferritin cores to the absolute iron concentration measured by quantitative MRI and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We show that ferritins lose iron from their cores with the progression of autolysis whereas the overall iron concentrations were unaffected. Although the highest concentration of ferritin was found in glial cells, as the total ferritin concentration increased in a patient, ferritin accumulated more in neurons than in glial cells. Summed up, our findings point out the unique behaviour of neurons in storing iron during autolysis and explain the differences between the absolute iron concentrations and iron-filled ferritin in a cell-type-dependent manner in the human brain.

Graphical Abstract

The rate of loss of the iron-filled ferritin cores during autolysis is higher in neurons than in glial cells.
Regression relationships for conversion of body wave and surface wave magnitudes toward Das magnitude scale, Mwg
Authors: Das Ranjit , Menesis Claudio , Urrutia Diego
Published: March 2023

A reliable and standardized estimation of earthquake size is a fundamental requirement for all tectonophysical and engineering applications. Several investigations raised questions about the determinations of smaller and intermediate earthquakes usingMwscale. Recent investigations (Das et al. in Bull Seismol Soc Am 108(4):1995–2007, 2018b) show that the moment magnitude scaleMwis not applicable for lower and intermediate ranges throughout the world and does not efficiently represent the seismic source potential due to its dependence on surface wave magnitudes; therefore, an observed seismic moment (M0)-based magnitude scale,Mwg, which smoothly connects seismic source processes and highly correlates with seismic-radiated energy (Es) compared to theMwscale is suggested. With the goal of constructing a homogeneous data set ofMwgto be used for earthquake-related studies, relationships for body wave (mb) and surface wave magnitudes (Ms) towardMwghave been developed using regression methodologies such as generalized orthogonal regression (GOR) (GOR1: GOR relation is expressed in terms of the observed independent variable; and GOR2: GOR relation is used inappropriately in terms of theoretical true point of GOR line) and standard least-square regression (SLR). In order to establish regression relationships, global data have been considered during 1976–2014 formbmagnitudes of 524,790 events from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and 326,201 events from the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC),Msmagnitudes of 111,443 events from ISC along with 41,810Mwgevents data from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT). Scaling relationships have been obtained betweenmbandMwgfor magnitude range 4.5 ≤ mb ≤ 6.2 for ISC and NEIC events using GOR1, GOR2 and SLR methodologies. Furthermore, scaling relationships betweenMsandMwghave been obtained for magnitude ranges 3.0 ≤ Ms ≤ 6.1 and 6.2 ≤ Ms ≤ 8.4 using GOR1, GOR2 and SLR procedures. Our analysis found that GOR1 provides improved estimates of dependent variable compared to GOR2 and SLR on the basis of statistical parameters (mainly uncertainty on slope and intercept, RMSE and Rxy) as reported in Das et al. (2018b). The derived global scaling relationships would be helpful for various seismological applications such as seismicity, seismic hazard and Risk assessment studies.
Facilitating the transfer of care from secondary to primary care: a scoping review to understand the role of pharmacists in general practice
Authors: Yahya Faiza , Nazar Hamde , Huckerby Clair , Hadi Muhammad Abdul
Published: March 2023

Background

Limited published research exists on the role of pharmacists in general practice (primary care pharmacists) in facilitating post-hospital discharge care of patients.

Aim

To summarise and map the nature and extent of current evidence on the role of primary care pharmacists in facilitating patient discharge from secondary to primary care and to inform future practice and research.

Method

Six electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2022 for studies published in the English language that described and/or evaluated primary care pharmacist-led interventions for patients following hospital discharge. Grey literature and reference lists of included studies were also searched. Two authors independently screened articles for selection. A structured, pilot-tested form was used for data extraction.

Results

Twenty articles were included. The majority of studies (n = 17; 85%) were conducted in the USA. The most frequently reported intervention made by primary care pharmacists were medication reviews (n = 18) and medication reconciliation (n = 16). Studies have demonstrated the emerging roles of pharmacists involving collaboration with other healthcare professionals, review of laboratory monitoring, referrals, and follow-up. A wide range of outcomes such as the impact on hospital readmission rates, healthcare utilisation and reduction of potential adverse drug events were reported.

Conclusion

Pharmacists in general practice can offer a range of interventions in facilitating transfer of care of patients from secondary to primary care with positive patient and healthcare utilisation outcomes. However, more rigorous research evidence is required to establish the effectiveness, generalisability, acceptability, and sustainability of these services.
Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: the Granada Statements
Authors: Fernandez-Llimos Fernando , Desselle Shane , Stewart Derek , Garcia-Cardenas Victoria , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din , Bond Christine , Dago Ana , Jacobsen Ramune , Nørgaard Lotte Stig , Polidori Carlo , Sanchez-Polo Manuel , Santos-Ramos Bernardo , Shcherbakova Natalia , Tonin Fernanda S.
Published: March 2023

Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as “the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care”. Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors’ selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.
Failure analysis of the edge-notched beam test on fluid-exposed Berea Sandstone
Authors: Dabloul Rayan , Jin Bo Cheng , Jha Birendra
Published: March 2023

Injection of fluids during wastewater disposal and geologic carbon sequestration causes induced stress and changes in rock’s elastic and failure properties, such as elastic moduli and fracture toughness. An accurate understanding of such changes in the response requires modeling and analysis of fluid-induced changes in rock’s stress and deformation states for which core-scale mechanical loading tests are often employed. Using experiments and simulations of Single Edge Notched Beam (SENB) test on water-exposed and supercritical (sc) CO$$_2$$

2

-exposed Berea sandstones, we quantify the effect of pore fluid on tensile crack propagation, spatial distributions of shear and tensile stresses, and fracture toughness and J-integral properties. We use Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to monitor the changes in local stress and deformation fields during crack initiation and propagation. A representative numerical simulation model of dynamic crack propagation under SENB loading is built using the extended finite element method. Results are analyzed using the stress path analysis to identify shear and tensile stress concentration regions, which provide precursory information for failure events during the test. Stress profiles along and across the growing crack are analyzed and compared with Irwin’s classical solutions to understand the impact of SENB loading. Evolution in stress intensity factor and crack length shows subcritical crack growth prior to Griffith-like failure at the structure scale.
Online reputation of agri-food companies and determining factors: an empirical investigation
Authors: Fernández-Uclés Domingo , Mozas-Moral Adoración , Bernal-Jurado Enrique , Puentes-Poyatos Raquel
Published: March 2023

In an increasingly technology-oriented society, companies should ensure not only that they have an Internet presence but also that they are conveying the right image. According to the resource-based view, online reputation is a key intangible asset for successful technological business change. The aim of this research is to analyze the online reputation of companies in the agri-food sector, identifying the factors that have an impact on it. For this purpose, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis is used. The results show that online reputation is conditioned by legal form and attributes associated with the company website. Such attributes include website quality, the presence of information associated with corporate social responsibility, the use of a secure connection, and the sale of organic products. The results provide strategic guidelines for public and private decision makers to exploit the full potential of ICTs.
A Social Regulation Perspective on Team Reflexivity: The Development of an Analytical Framework
Authors: Wijga Marijn , Endedijk Maaike D. , Veldkamp Bernard P.
Published: March 2023

Teams are nowadays seen as the cornerstones of organizations. Previous research has shown that team reflexivity is positively related to team performance. Traditionally, team reflexivity is conceptualized as a process that occurs during transition moments, ignoring reflexive moments during teams’ action phases. Moreover, most studies used self-reported questionnaires and cross-sectional designs and thus provided limited insights into how team reflexivity unfolds during both the action and transition phases of teams. In this study, we adopt a social regulation perspective to develop an analytical framework to study team reflexivity in the flow of work. The study was conducted in a software development setting and included 50 h of video recordings of different types of team meetings of six professional self-managing teams (a total of 33 team members). Using concepts from social regulation theory as developed in student learning settings as an analytical lens, an analytical framework with four components of social regulation (knowledge co-construction and regulation; regulation activities; focus of regulation, and type of interaction) was developed and applied. Outcomes show that in more than half of their conversations, the teams jointly engaged in regulation-related activities, of which most concerned planning activities and a very low occurrence of evaluation activities. Different patterns of team reflexivity were found in the action and transition phase but zooming in on the interactions also showed high interrelatedness of the different activities. The analytical framework could assist future research to further study the interaction between the different components and how they mutually relate to team performance.