bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementação de uma Ferramenta de Gerenciamento de Rotina e Produtividade
Authors: Braz Cíntia Cristina , Quevedo Andressa Pacífico Franco , Caffé Filho Hesler Piedade
Published: July 2016

A Gestão por Processos é uma abordagem focada na complexidade da estrutura gerencial para identificar e mapear seus processos e permitir um planejamento eficiente das atividades, a definição de responsabilidades e o uso eficaz dos recursos disponíveis levando a uma melhoria contínua do desempenho organizacional e dos resultados de negócios. Este artigo aborda o processo de implementação de uma ferramenta de gerenciamento de rotina e produtividade no Processo de Arrecadação do Escritório Local da Empresa Baiana de Águas e Saneamento S.A. (Embasa) em Paulo Afonso e tem como objetivo descrever o processo de implementação, bem como os benefícios agregados à gestão das atividades e seu reflexo na melhoria contínua dos resultados. A metodologia aplicada foi o Estudo de Caso com coleta de dados documental através de relatórios corporativos e análise descritiva. A Embasa, concessionária responsável pela prestação dos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário de vários municípios da Bahia, identificou a necessidade de melhoria na gestão e, ao incorporar a Gestão por Processos, implementou ferramentas que proporcionaram a gestão e visibilidade das atividades dos processos, conseguindo elevar sua produtividade e obter melhores resultados.
Satisfação no Trabalho: Um estudo na Agência da Caixa Econômica Federal de Cícero Dantas - BA
Authors: Paixão Anderson Ribeiro , Barbosa Milka Alves Correia
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o nível de satisfação no trabalho dos empregados de uma agência da Caixa Econômica Federal no Estado da Bahia. O referencial teórico que deu suporte ao estudo discute os conceitos e teorias relacionados à satisfação no trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com análise qualitativa e quantitativa de dados. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi o questionário da Escala de satisfação no trabalho (EST) em sua versão completa de 25 itens e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados apontam que os trabalhadores da agência pesquisada estão satisfeitos quanto a satisfação geral no trabalho. A entrevista revela que os participantes sentem elevada satisfação com os colegas de trabalho, por outro lado, os participantes revelaram críticas quanto às condições de trabalho e quantidade de funcionários insuficiente. Corroborando os resultados da entrevista, os dados apresentados pelo questionário EST revelaram que a dimensão que obteve o maior índice de satisfação foi a dimensão “satisfação com os colegas” e a dimensão que obteve o menor índice foi a dimensão “satisfação com a natureza do trabalho”.
Cartografia: Vivencias em Território de Práticas em Psicologia
Authors: Caldas Íria Maria Bandeira de , Reis Andrezza Evelyn Silva , Silva Brennda Martinelli Pinho , Oliveira Érika Campos de , Sisnando Héricles Vinícius Pereira , Oliveira Hian Cassyo Dantas de , Bezerra Hingredy Shayenne Miranda , Silva Isaura Caroline Abrantes , Freitas Jéssica Fernandes , Araújo Maria Luísa Gomes Freire de , Maranhão Thercia Lucena Grangeiro , Silva Brennda Martinelli Pinho
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho tem como escopo relatar as atividades desenvolvidas no Estágio Básico I do Curso de Psicologia do Centro Universitário Leão Sampaio (UNILEÃO) que tem domicílio na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, estado do Ceará, tendo como área geopolítica, escolhida pela instituição, o Bairro Juvêncio Santana, desta urbe. O estágio curricular ocorreu no período de 27 de janeiro a 14 de junho do ano em curso, perfazendo um total de 72 horas entre visitas a campo e encontros no ambiente acadêmico da UNILEÃO, tudo sob as orientação e supervisão dos professores Thércia Lucena e André Lima, respectivamente.
Motivação no trabalho: Uma Avaliação do nível de satisfação de policiais militares
Authors: França Marcos Eduardo de , Caffé Filho Hesler Piedade
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar se é possível provocar a motivação dos policiais militares do Estado da Bahia, especialmente os que servem na Companhia Independente de Policiamento Tático na cidade de Juazeiro, através da implementação de eventos motivacionais, tais como palestras, seminários, oficinas, show, entre outros artifícios capazes de melhorar o ânimo dos servidores. Para constatar que é possível melhorar o nível de satisfação do servidor militar estadual da Bahia, foram aplicados questionários objetivos com o público alvo da pesquisa. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi avaliar o nível motivacional dos servidores, antes e após participarem de palestra motivacional. A pesquisa revelou um alto nível de insatisfação dos colaboradores no tocante quanto à instituição e à falta de reconhecimento do seu trabalho. Mostrou também que, apesar dos gestores entenderem a importância e necessidade, a instituição não possui uma política de investigação de níveis motivacionais da tropa o que ocasiona uma perda de produtividade no resguardo da segurança pública. Por outro lado, foi possível perceber que os entrevistados têm plena consciência da importância do seu trabalho para com a instituição e a sociedade, mantêm um bom relacionamento com seus colegas de trabalho e acreditam que é possível melhorar com a adoção de uma política voltada para a satisfação do público interno. Assim, esta pesquisa pode subsidiar os gestores públicos na tomada de decisão quanto ao estudo e aplicação dessas políticas.
A home-based health care programme to facilitate coping in survivors of cerebro-vascular accidents and their Caregivers in Oshana Region, Namibia
Authors: Kuugongelwa Suama , Small Louis
Published: July 2016

A cerebro-vascular accident entails the sudden death of brain cells resulting from a problem with the blood supply. The patient is consequently left with varying degrees of disability, and usually requires the assistance of a caregiver. This article describes the development of a home-based health care programme intended to facilitate optimal functioning, which formed the final phase of a qualitative study that explored and described the experiences of survivors of cerebrovascular accidents and their caregivers. The development of this programme was based on the four themes that emerged from the original study and which were conceptualised by applying Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach’s (1968) practice theory. These four themes were restructured as four dynamics, namely, reframing knowledge and skills regarding self-care, modifying the daily routine, assisting with the adjustment to altered social relationships, and reframing negative emotions. The programme was implemented over four days and an evaluation was done after two months. The feedback revealed that the survivors and their caregivers had benefitted with regard to the skills and knowledge gained from the educational programme.
CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS E CLÍNICAS DOS CASOS NOTIFICADOS DA TUBERCULOSE NA CIDADE DE TIANGUÁ, CEARÁ, BRASIL (2008-2013)
Authors: Santos Germana Fontenele , Frota Rafael Gonzalez , Moraes Carlos Eduardo Barros , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Silva
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas dos casos notificados da tuberculose na cidade de Tianguá, CE. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, do tipo quantitativo, sendo exploratório com análise documental, tomando como fonte de informação os casos de tuberculose notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) notificados entre os anos 2008 e 2013. As variáveis analisadas foram: gênero, escolaridade, faixa etária, tipo de entrada, forma clínica e co-infecção e HIV. Foram registrados 98 casos de tuberculose à Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município. Desses, 65,3% são do gênero masculino. A faixa etária mais acometida pela doença foi a de 40 a 59 anos com 40,8%. Com relação à escolaridade, foram predominantes os indivíduos com até Ensino Fundamental. O índice de analfabetismo foi de 16,4%. Foi verificada uma predominância de 85,7% da forma pulmonar. De acordo com a distribuição dos casos, segundo coinfecção tuberculose-HIV, houve prevalência de indivíduos com tuberculose não infectados pelo HIV.
Preface to the Special Issue on the 250th Anniversary of Rutgers University Part One: The Life and Times of Henry Rutgers
Authors: Sewell Robert G.
Published: July 2016

This preface discusses some of Rutgers' unusual history and summarizes the articles of this issue.
Simple approach to thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines as new scaffolds of antimicrobial activities
Authors: Hafez Hend N. , El-Gazzar Abdel-Rhman B. A. , Zaki Magdi E. A.
Published: July 2016

6ʹ-(4-Chlorophenyl)-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2ʹ-thieno[3,2-d][1,3] oxazin]-4ʹ(1ʹH)-one (1) was synthesized and used as a starting material for the synthesis of a novel series of spiro compounds having biologically active sulfonamide 2a-e and 3ʹ-(4-acetylphenyl)-6ʹ- (4-chlorophenyl)-1ʹH-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2ʹ-thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidine-4ʹ(3ʹH)-one (3). Compound 2a was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of sulfonyl carbothioamide derivatives 4a-c. Also, compound 3 was used as an intermediate for the synthesis of 3ʹH-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2ʹ-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin]-3ʹ-yl] phenyl}-2-imino-4-(substituted phenyl and/or thienyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine- 3-carbonitrile derivatives 5a-e, 3ʹH-spiro[cyclohexane- 1,2ʹ- thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin]-3ʹ-yl]phenyl}-2-oxo-4-(substituted phenyl and/or thienyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives 6a-e, and 4-[(2Z)-3-substituted-arylprop-2-enoyl] phenyl-1ʹH-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2ʹ-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives 7a-e. Cyclocondensation of 7a-e with hydrazine hydrate produced 6ʹ-(4-chlorophenyl)-3ʹ-[4-(5-substituted aryl-4,5-dihydro- 1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl]-1ʹH-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2ʹ-thieno- [3,2-d]pyrimidin]-4ʹ(3ʹH)-ones 8a-e but with hydroxylamine hydrochloride afforded the corresponding isoxazoline derivatives 9a-e. Also, cyclocondensation by thiourea afforded 2-thioxo-1,2- dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl-spiro-{cyclohexanethieno[3,2-d] pyrimidin}-4-one derivatives 10a-e. The new compounds were investigated for antimicrobial activity. Compounds 2c, 8b,c, 9b and 10b were the most potent ones against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Compound 8c exhibited higher antifungal activity towards the examined fungi with MIC of 1-2 μmol mL-1 compared to ketoconazole (MIC 2-3 μmol mL-1 ).
Application of instrumented nanoindentation in preformulation studies of pharmaceutical active ingredients and excipients
Authors: Egart Mateja , Janković Biljana , Srčič Stane
Published: July 2016

Nanoindentation allows quantitative determination of a material’s response to stress such as elastic and plastic deformation or fracture tendency. Key instruments that have enabled great advances in nanomechanical studies are the instrumented nanoindenter and atomic force microscopy. The versatility of these instruments lies in their capability to measure local mechanical response, in very small volumes and depths, while monitoring time, displacement and force with high accuracy and precision.

This review highlights the application of nanoindentation for mechanical characterization of pharmaceutical materials in the preformulation phase (primary investigation of crystalline active ingredients and excipients). With nanoindentation, mechanical response can be assessed with respect to crystal structure. The technique is valuable for mechanical screening of a material at an early development phase in order to predict and better control the processes in which a material is exposed to stress such as milling and compression.
Reduced-order fractional descriptor observers for a class of fractional descriptor continuous-time nonlinear systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: July 2016

Fractional descriptor reduced-order nonlinear observers for a class of fractional descriptor continuous-time nonlinear systems are proposed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the observers are established. The design procedure for the observers is given and demonstrated on a numerical example.
Robust LQR and LQI control with actuator failure of a 2DOF unmanned bicycle robot stabilized by an inertial wheel
Authors: Owczarkowski Adam , Horla Dariusz
Published: July 2016

Essential ingredients for robust control are the ability to cope with different types of system behavior following modeling imperfections and the ability to assure a certain performance level. In this paper, we propose to use an actuator fault-tolerant control law to govern, during experiments, the stabilization of a bicycle robot with an inertial wheel in order to take into account unmodeled uncertainty introduced by using a linearized model in an LQR fashion. Our proposal is illustrated by signal plots and the values of performance indices obtained from a set of experiments.
An adaptive multi-spline refinement algorithm in simulation based sailboat trajectory optimization using onboard multi-core computer systems
Authors: Dębski Roman
Published: July 2016

A new dynamic programming based parallel algorithm adapted to on-board heterogeneous computers for simulation based trajectory optimization is studied in the context of “high-performance sailing”. The algorithm uses a new discrete space of continuously differentiable functions called the multi-splines as its search space representation. A basic version of the algorithm is presented in detail (pseudo-code, time and space complexity, search space auto-adaptation properties). Possible extensions of the basic algorithm are also described. The presented experimental results show that contemporary heterogeneous on-board computers can be effectively used for solving simulation based trajectory optimization problems. These computers can be considered micro high performance computing (HPC) platforms-they offer high performance while remaining energy and cost efficient. The simulation based approach can potentially give highly accurate results since the mathematical model that the simulator is built upon may be as complex as required. The approach described is applicable to many trajectory optimization problems due to its black-box represented performance measure and use of OpenCL.
A modified K3M thinning algorithm
Authors: Tabedzki Marek , Saeed Khalid , Szczepański Adam
Published: July 2016

The K3M thinning algorithm is a general method for image data reduction by skeletonization. It had proved its feasibility in most cases as a reliable and robust solution in typical applications of thinning, particularly in preprocessing for optical character recognition. However, the algorithm had still some weak points. Since then K3M has been revised, addressing the best known drawbacks. This paper presents a modified version of the algorithm. A comparison is made with the original one and two other thinning approaches. The proposed modification, among other things, solves the main drawback of K3M, namely, the results of thinning an image after rotation with various angles.
A comprehensive survey on formal concept analysis, its research trends and applications
Authors: Singh Prem Kumar , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri , Gani Abdullah
Published: July 2016

In recent years, FCA has received significant attention from research communities of various fields. Further, the theory of FCA is being extended into different frontiers and augmented with other knowledge representation frameworks. In this backdrop, this paper aims to provide an understanding of the necessary mathematical background for each extension of FCA like FCA with granular computing, a fuzzy setting, interval-valued, possibility theory, triadic, factor concepts and handling incomplete data. Subsequently, the paper illustrates emerging trends for each extension with applications. To this end, we summarize more than 350 recent (published after 2011) research papers indexed in Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and a few authoritative fundamental papers.
Electroless Deposition of Composite Nickel-Phosphorous Coatings with Diamond Dispersoid
Authors: Petrova M. , Georgieva M. , Chakarova V. , Dobreva E.
Published: July 2016

The composite Ni-P coating with diamond particles (D) deposited on the flexible substrates of pressed polyethylene terephthalate material (PET) was obtained, to be used in the development of efficient, flexible grinding and polishing tools. The optimal conditions of the hydrodynamic regime, deposition time and temperature were found. The influence of the concentration and size of the D particles (3/7 ÷ 225/300 μm) on the coating thickness and number of co-deposited particles were studied. By Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were defined the morphology of dispersion coatings and number of co-deposited particles in them, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS/INCA) was used to determine the elemental chemical composition of the composite coatings.
Tribological Characteristic of Titanium Alloy Surface Layers Produced by Diode Laser Gas Nitriding
Authors: Lisiecki A. , Piwnik J.
Published: July 2016

In order to improve the tribological properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V composite surface layers Ti/TiN were produced during laser surface gas nitriding by means of a novel high power direct diode laser with unique characteristics of the laser beam and a rectangular beam spot. Microstructure, surface topography and microhardness distribution across the surface layers were analyzed. Ball-on-disk tests were performed to evaluate and compare the wear and friction characteristics of surface layers nitrided at different process parameters, base metal of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and also the commercially pure titanium. Results showed that under dry sliding condition the commercially pure titanium samples have the highest coefficient of friction about 0.45, compared to 0.36 of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and 0.1-0.13 in a case of the laser gas nitrided surface layers. The volume loss of Ti6Al4V samples under such conditions is twice lower than in a case of pure titanium. On the other hand the composite surface layer characterized by the highest wear resistance showed almost 21 times lower volume loss during the ball-on-disk test, compared to Ti6Al4V samples.
Kinetics of Corrosion Process in H2SO4 and HNO3 Aqueous Solutions of Lead Free Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Alloys
Authors: Guśpiel J. , Wierzbicka-Miernik A. , Reczyński W.
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the results of the corrosion resistance of Sn-Ag-Cu alloys in air-saturated aqueous solutions containing NO3-, SO42- ions, whose concentration was equivalent to their contents in acid rains and in concentrations 10 - 100 times higher. The Ag, Cu and Sn concentrations in the corrosive media were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The specific dissolution rate and corrosion current were derived using the a rotating disc technique. The corrosion rate of Sn- Ag-Cu alloys depends on pH of the examined solutions and on the concentration of oxygen near the phase boundary. In the whole range of concentrations of the applied H2SO4 + HNO3 mixtures of acids, the pure Sn was more corrosion resistant than eutectic alloy as well as the near eutectic one, following the sequence: Sn>Sn3.66Ag0.91Cu>3.8Ag0.7Cu.
Analysis of Stress and Strain Fields in and around Inclusions of Various Shapes in a Cylindrical Specimen Loaded in Tension
Authors: Neimitz A. , Janus U.
Published: July 2016

A numerical analysis is performed of the stress field in and around inclusions of various shapes. Inclusions both stiffer and more compliant than the metal matrix are analysed. The critical stresses required for inclusion fracture are estimated after observation of cavities and inclusions by scanning electron microscopy. Real inclusions were observed after performing uniaxial loading to different amounts of overall strain. The material tested was Hardox-400 steel.
Stress-Induced Anisotropy and Stress Dependence of Saturation Magnetostriction in the Jiles-Atherton-Sablik Model of the Magnetoelastic Villari Effect
Authors: Szewczyk R.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the results of the magnetoelastic Villari effect modelling in high-permeability Mn0.51Zn0.44Fe2.05O4 ferrite. Modelling was performed on the basis of measurements of magnetoelastic characteristics of frame-shaped samples. For the modelling, the corrected Jiles-Atherton-Sablik model was used. On the base of modelling results, the stress dependence of parameter k and stress-induced anisotropy were estimated. As a result the changes of saturation magnetostriction of Mn0.51Zn0.44Fe2.05O4 ferrite subjected to stresses were calculated. Such changes were previously observed experimentally. However, the phenomenon of stress-induced sign change of saturation magnetostriction was never previously explained quantitatively
Microstructural Analysis of Sintered Gradient Materials Based on Distaloy SE Powder
Authors: Zarębski K. , Nykiel M.
Published: July 2016

The study describes the microstructural analysis of cylindrically-shaped functionally graded products sintered from iron powder with scheduled graded structure on the cross-section running from the core to the surface layer of the sinter. Different types of structure were produced using Distaloy SE powder in two compositions - one without the addition of carbon, and another with 0.6wt% C. Two methods were used to fill the die cavity and shape the products. The first method involving a two-step compaction of individual layers. The second method using an original technique of die filling enabled the formation of transition zone between the outer layer and the core still at the stage of product shaping. As part of microstructural analysis, structural constituents were identified and voids morphology was examined. Studies covered the effect of the type of the applied method on properties of the graded zone obtained in the manufactured products
Selected Parameters of Micro-Jet Cooling Gases in Hybrid Spraying Process
Authors: Szczucka-Lasota B. , Węgrzyn T. , Stanik Z. , Piwnik J. , Sidun P.
Published: July 2016

The innovative technology, like thermal spraying with a micro-jet cooling is one of the important modification of classical ultrasonic spraying methods. Using of micro-stream with gases like argon or nitrogen allows to cool the coating immediately after spraying, and thereby reduce the time of transition during the injection of each layer. As a result of the process, the fine dispersive structure of coatings is obtained during the shorter time in comparable to the classical high velocity oxygen fuel process (HVOF). The parameter of process and the type of stream equipment determine the quality of the obtained structure and thermal stress in the coating. The article presents the relationship between selected parameters of hybrid process and properties of the coatings. The presented technology should be adapted to the actual production of protective coating for machines and construction working in wear conditions.
Application of Image Processing to Predict Compressive Behavior of Aluminum Foam
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Chung Hyup Jae , Rhee Kyongyop
Published: July 2016

An image processing technique was used to model the internal structure of aluminum foam in finite element analysis in order to predict the compressive behavior of the material. Finite element analysis and experimental tests were performed on aluminum foam with densities of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 g/cm3. It was found that although the compressive strength predicted from the finite element analysis was higher than that determined experimentally, the predicted compressive stress-strain curves exhibited a tendency similar to those determined from experiments for both densities. However, the behavior of the predicted compressive stress-strain curves was different from the experimental one as the applied strain increased. The difference between predicted and experimental stress-strain curves in a high strain range was due to contact between broken aluminum foam walls by the large deformation.
Analysis of the Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Fe61Co10Zr2.5Hf2.5Me2W2B20 (Where Me = Mo, Nb, Ni Or Y) Ribbons
Authors: Gruszka K. , Nabiałek M. , Szota M. , Bloch K. , Gondro J. , Pietrusiewicz P. , Sandu A.V. , Al Bakri A.M. Mustafa , Walters S. , Walters K. , Garus S. , Dośpiał M. , Mizera J.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the results of structural and magnetic properties and thermal stability for a group of functional materials based on Fe61Co10Zr2.5Hf2.5Me2W2B20 (where Me = Mo, Nb, Ni or Y). Samples were obtained in the form of ribbons using melt-spinning method. The X-ray diffraction patterns of investigated samples confirmed their amorphous structure. Based on the analysis of DSC curves characteristic temperatures: glass forming temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tx) and temperature range of the supercooled liquid ΔTx were determined. Small addition of transition metals elements has strong influence on magnetic and thermal parameters of studied materials. The comprehensive studies revealed that in terms of magnetic properties the Ni-addition resulted in highest reduction in coercivity and anisotropy field.
Primary Creep Behaviour of Two-Phase Titanium Alloy with Various Microstructure
Authors: Ziaja W. , Motyka M. , Kubiak K. , Sieniawski J.
Published: July 2016

Creep and fatigue properties of two-phase titanium alloys show strong dependence on microstructure, especially morphology of the α and β phases which can be controlled to certain extent by proper selection of hot working and heat treatment conditions. In the paper the creep behaviour of Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Cr alloy (VT3-1) at elevated temperature was modelled. Finite element analyses of primary creep stage were carried out taking into account some microstructural features of the two-phase alloy that were included in the physical model and different properties of α and β phases. In order to verify results of calculations distinct types of microstructure were developed in the alloy by heat treatment and creep tests were carried out at elevated temperature (450°C) at various stress levels. Based on the FEM simulations the effect of changes of some microstructure features on primary creep strain development was estimated.
Evaluation of Force-Time Changes During Impact of Hybrid Laminates Made of Titanium and Fibrous Composite
Authors: Jakubczak P. , Surowska B. , Bieniaś J.
Published: July 2016

Fibre metal laminates (FML) are the modern hybrid materials with potential wide range of applications in aerospace technology due to their excellent mechanical properties (particularly fatigue strength, resistance to impacts) and also excellent corrosion resistance. The study describes the resistance to low velocity impacts in Ti/CFRP laminates. Tested laminates were produced in autoclave process. The laminates were characterized in terms of their response to impacts in specified energy range (5J, 10J, 20J). The tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D7137 standard. The laminates were subjected to impacts by means of hemispherical impactor with diameter of 12,7 mm. The following values have been determined: impact force vs. time, maximum force and the force at which the material destruction process commences (Pi). It has been found that fibre titanium laminates are characterized by high resistance to impacts. This feature is associated with elasto-plastic properties of metal and high rigidity of epoxy - fibre composite. It has been observed that Ti/CFRP laminates are characterized by more instable force during impact in stage of stabilization of impactor-laminate system and stage of force growth that glass fibre laminates. It has been observed more stable force decrease in stage of stress relaxation and withdrawal of the impactor. In energy range under test, the laminates based on titanium with glass and carbon fibres reinforcement demonstrate similar and high resistance to low-velocity impact, measured by means of failure initiation force and impact maximum force.
Formation of Hard Composite Layer on Tool Steel by Laser Alloying
Authors: Bonek M.
Published: July 2016

Investigations include alloying the PMHSS6-5-3 steel surface layer with carbide and ceramic powders WC, VC, TiC, SiC, Si3N4 and Al2O3, using the high power diode laser (HPDL). Laser treatment is especially promising for solving contemporary surface engineering problems making it possible to focus precisely the delivered energy in the form of heat in the surface layer. The structural mechanism was determined of surface layers development, effect was studied of alloying parameters, method on structure refinement and influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of surface layer, and especially on its abrasive wear resistance. The fine grained martensite structure is responsible for hardness increase of the alloyed layer. The tribological wear relationships were determined for laser treated surface layers, determining friction coefficient, and wear trace shape developed due to the abrasive wear of the investigated surfaces. Comparison of the laser treatment parameters and tribological properties of surface layer after remelting and alloying with hard particles of the PMHSS6-5-3 steel using the high power diode laser to obtain the optimum service properties is the outcome of the investigations carried out.
Deformation Mechanisms and Fracture of Ni-Based Metallic Glasses
Authors: Lesz S. , Griner S. , Nowosielski R.
Published: July 2016

The cracking of materials and fracture surface is of great practical and academic importance. Over the last few years the development of the fractography of crystalline alloys resulted in a useful tool for the prediction or failure analysis. Many attempts have been made to observe cracks using optical microscopy, X-ray topography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Of these techniques, the resolution of optical microscopy and X-ray topography is too poor. By contrast, the resolution of TEM is high enough for detailed information to be obtained. However, in order to apply TEM observations, a thin foil specimen must be prepared, and it is usually extremely difficult to prepare such a specimen from a pre-selected region containing a crack.

In the present work, deformation mechanisms fracture surfaces of Ni-based metallic glass samples have been studied by specially designed experiments. In order to study the deformation mechanisms and fracture the Ni-based metallic glasses have been investigated in the tensile test. The structure and fracture surfaces after the decohesion process in tensile tests were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The studies of structure were performed on thin foils.

Moreover the investigated tape was subjected to a banding test. Then, the tape was straightened and the thin foil from the area of maximum strain was prepared. This thin foil sample was deformed before the TEM investigation to obtain local tears.
Non-Metallic Inclusions and Hot-Working Behaviour of Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels
Authors: Grajcar A. , Woźniak D. , Kozłowska A.
Published: July 2016

The work addresses the production of medium-Mn steels with an increased Al content. The special attention is focused on the identification of non-metallic inclusions and their modification using rare earth elements. The conditions of the thermomechanical treatment using the metallurgical Gleeble simulator and the semi-industrial hot rolling line were designed for steels containing 3 and 5% Mn. Hot-working conditions and controlled cooling strategies with the isothermal holding of steel at 400°C were selected. The effect of Mn content on the hot-working behaviour and microstructure of steel was addressed. The force-energetic parameters of hot rolling were determined. The identification of structural constituents was performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. The addition of rare earth elements led to the total modification of non-metallic inclusions, i.e., they replaced Mn and Al forming complex oxysulphides. The Mn content in a range between 3 and 5% does not affect the inclusion type and the hot-working behaviour. In contrast, it was found that Mn has a significant effect on a microstructure.
Potentiostatic, Potentiodynamic and Impedance Study of TiO2 Layers Deposited of 316 LVM Steel Used for Coronary Stents
Authors: Basiaga M. , Staszuk M. , Walke W. , Tański T. , Kajzer W.
Published: July 2016

The objective of the study is assessment of suitability of the ALD method for application of a TiO2 layer on surface of 316LVM steel used for production of vessel stents. Selection of the appropriate process parameters for application of the layer affects its electrochemical properties, which largely determine resistance of the biomaterial to corrosion in the blood environment, thus affecting its hemocompatibility. To assess resistance of the AISI 316LVM steel with modified surface to corrosion, voltammetric and impedance measurements were conducted. The proposed variant of surface processing allows safe deformation of the TiO2 layer without its delamination.
Full Contoured Tooth-Implant Supported 3-Pointic All-Ceramic Denture During Occlusal Load Transfer in Lateral Region
Authors: Żmudzki J. , Malara P. , Chladek G.
Published: July 2016

Implant and a tooth supported dentures are avoided by dentists because of uneven distribution of occlusal loads between a stiffer implant and a more pliable tooth. The hypothesis was that a 3-point all-ceramic bridge supported on a natural second premolar tooth and a two-pieces typical implant bears safely mastication loads. The finite element analysis showed that the implant splinted by all-ceramic zirconium bridge with the second premolar was safe under lateral mastication load, but there was found an overload at wide zone of bone tissue around the implant under the load of 800 N. The patients can safely masticate, but comminution of hard food should be avoided and they should be instructed that after such an indiscretion they need to contact a dental professional, because, in spite of integrity of the prosthesis, the bone tissue around the implant may fail and there is a hazard of intrusion of the tooth.
Joining of the AMC Composites Reinforced with Ti3Al Intermetallic Particles by Resistance Butt Welding
Authors: Adamiak M. , Tomiczek B. , Górka J. , Czupryński A.
Published: July 2016

The introduction of new reinforcing materials continues to be investigated to improve the final behaviour of AMCs as well as to avoid some drawbacks of using ceramics as reinforcement. The present work investigates the structure, properties and ability of joining aluminium EN-AW 6061 matrix composite materials reinforced with Ti3Al particles by resistance butt welding as well as composite materials produced by mechanical milling, powder metallurgy and hot extrusion techniques. Mechanically milled and extruded composites show finer and better distribution of reinforcement particles, which leads to better mechanical properties of the obtained products. Finer microstructure improves mechanical properties of obtained composites. The hardness increases twice in the case of mechanically milled composites also, a higher reinforcement content results in higher particle dispersion hardening, for 15 wt.% of intermetallics reinforcement concentration composites reach about 400 MPa UTS. Investigation results of joints show that best hardness and tensile properties of joints can be achieved by altering soft conditions of butt welding process e.g. current flow time 1.2 s and current 1400 A. To improve mechanical properties of butt welding joints age hardening techniques can also be used.
LMO Ceramics Microstructure
Authors: Bruś B. , Zarycka A.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this work was to characterize the microstructure of LMO type ceramics. The ceramics obtained by the free sintering at two temperatures 1473 K and 1573 K and two sintering times 6 and 12 h was the test material. One series was also obtained by the hot pressing method for a comparison. In all the cases the material synthesis was conducted by the solid-state reaction method at 1173 for 24 h. Photographs of the specimen fractures were taken by a scanning electron microscope to characterize the microstructure of the ceramics obtained in a more detailed way. The VISILOG 4 system, enabling to calculate a lot of parameters characterizing the material microstructure, such as e.g.: a number of grains on the unit area, an average grain size, shape indexes of the grains in question, was used as well. It allows determining a grain size distribution, and a frequency of presence of grains with the specific shape index.

By analyzing a set of the parameters obtained an influence of the technological conditions on the microstructure of the material in question, and on its properties and applicability at the same time can be determined.
Influence of the Organophilisation Process on Properties of the Bentonite Filler and Mechanical Properties of the Clay/Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Rapacz-Kmita A. , Moskała N. , Dudek M. , Gajek M. , Mandecka-Kamień L.
Published: July 2016

In this comparative study, the influence of the organophilisation process on the properties of resulting organobentonite fillers and their capability to improve the mechanical properties of clay/polymer nanocomposites were investigated. The organobentonites were obtained by activation with the use of two organic quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) with alkyl chains of significantly different lengths. The organophilisation resulted in an increase in the interlayer space of clays, which was confirmed by XRD analysis. The obtained organofillers were used to produce nanoclay/epoxy resin composites and the effects of alkyl chain length on the resulting properties of composites were compared based on the examination of mechanical behaviour and morphology, and a composite filled with the non organophilised bentonite was used as a reference material. It was demonstrated that the organophilisation process using distearyldimethyl ammonium chloride salt with a longer alkyl chain (C18-C20) created a more superior conditions for the compatibility of nanofiller with a polymer matrix, resulting in a 25 % increase in the bending strength of the epoxy composite material filled with 3 %wt of the organophilised bentonite, comparing to neat epoxy.
Influence of Processing Conditions on Crystal Structure of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 Ceramics
Authors: Lisińska-Czekaj A. , Lubina M. , Czekaj D. , Rerak M. , Garbarz-Glos B. , Bąk W.
Published: July 2016

Aim of the present research was to apply a solid state reaction route to fabricate Aurivillius-type ceramics described with the formula Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 (BFTO) and reveal the influence of processing conditions on its crystal structure. Pressureless sintering in ambient air was employed and the sintering temperatures were 850 and 1080 °C. It was found that the fabricated BFTO ceramics were multiphase ones. They consisted of two Bim+1Fem-3Ti3O3m+3 phases, namely the phase with m=5 (i.e. the stoichiometric phase) and m=4 (i.e. the phase with a reduced number of layers in the slab). Detailed X-ray diffraction patterns analysis showed that both phases adopted the same orthorhombic structure described with Fmm2 (42) space group. The ratio of weight fractions of the constituent phases (m=5): (m=4) was ~30:70.
Effect of Semiconductor Element Substitution on the Electric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Garbarz-Glos B. , Lisińska-Czekaj A. , Czekaj D. , Bąk W.
Published: July 2016

The investigated ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction from simple oxides and carbonates with the use of a mixed oxide method (MOM). The morphology of BaTi0.96Si0.04O3 (BTSi04) ceramics was characterised by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that Si+4 ion substitution supported the grain growth process in BT-based ceramics. The EDS results confirmed the high purity and expected quantitative composition of the synthesized material. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were also determined within the temperature range (ΔT=130-500K). It was found that the substitution of Si+4 ions had a significant influence on temperature behavior of the real (ε’) and imaginary (ε”) parts of electric permittivity as well as the temperature dependence of a.c. conductivity. Temperature regions of PTCR effect (positive temperature coefficient of resistivity) were determined for BTSi04 ceramics in the vicinity of structural phase transitions typical for barium titanate. No distinct maximum indicating a low-temperature structural transition to a rhombohedral phase in BTSi04 was found. The activation energy of conductivity was determined from the Arrhenius plots. It was found that substitution of Si ions in amount of 4wt.% caused almost 50% decrease in an activation energy value.
Plastic Instabilities Induced by the Portevin - Le Châtelier Effect and Fracture Character of Deformed Mg-Li Alloys Investigated Using the Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Pawełek A. , Piątkowski A. , Wajda W. , Skuza W. , Tarasek A. , Ranachowski Z. , Ranachowski P. , Ozgowicz W. , Kúdela Jr. S. , Kúdela S.
Published: July 2016

The results of the investigation of both mechanical and acoustic emission (AE) behaviors of Mg4Li5Al and Mg4Li4Zn alloys subjected to compression and tensile tests at room temperature are compared with the test results obtained using the same alloys and loading scheme but at elevated temperatures. The main aim of the paper is to investigate, to determine and to explain the relation between plastic flow instabilities and the fracture characteristics. There are discussed the possible influence of the factors related with enhanced internal stresses such as: segregation of precipitates along grain boundaries, interaction of solute atoms with mobile dislocations (Cottrell atmospheres) as well as dislocation pile-ups which may lead to the microcracks formation due to the creation of very high stress concentration at grain boundaries. The results show that the plastic flow discontinuities are related to the Portevin-Le Châtelier phenomenon (PL effect) and they are correlated with the generation of characteristic AE pulse trains. The fractography of broken samples was analyzed on the basis of light (optical), TEM and SEM images.
Microstructure and Properties of Multifibre Composites
Authors: Głuchowski W. , Rdzawski Z. , Domagała-Dubiel J. , Sobota J.
Published: July 2016

In the study microstructure and properties of composite multifibre copper-base wires are presented. A decision was made to produce wires with “soft” fibres (Al) and “hard” fibres (Fe). In the study the phenomenon occurring on the border of Al-Cu was also analysed. The produced Cu-Al and Cu-Fe composites presented ordered microstructure with the fibres uniformly distributed in the copper matrix. The composites underwent plastic consolidation to the degree which provided satisfactory mechanical and electrical properties. During the drawing the fibres deformed proportionally with copper matrix therefore their content in the cross section remained unchanged.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Titanium for Dental Implants in Case of the Electroless Surface Modification
Authors: Klimecka-Tatar D.
Published: July 2016

In the paper the results of research under effect of electroless phosphate coating of titanium dental implants on potentiokinetic polarization characteristic obtained in artificial saliva were presented. On the basis of electrochemical studies it was concluded that the electroless process of phosphating beneficialy effect on corrosion characteristic of titanium determined in solution simulating the oral cavity. Furthermore, the proposed technique of chemical treatment of titanium surface is conducive to the homogeneous development of the surface, which is extremely important from the point of view of titanium implants biointegration. Phosphating treatment affect on the development of surface geometry, resulting in a slight increase in roughness parameters (Ra, Rz and Rmax). The temperature increase of electroless phosphating treatment promotes the rate of conversion layer formation, whereas the effect of temperature of the chemical treatment efficiency is secondary important at longer exposure times (e.g. 45 minutes).
Theoretical Analysis of Unit Friction Force Working on the Metal Contact Surface with the Roll Change during Feedstock with Non-Uniform Temperature Distribution Rolling Process
Authors: Sygut P.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents the results of theoretical studies influence of non-uniform temperature distribution along the feedstock length to the unit friction force working on the metal contact surface with the roll change during the round bars 70 mm in diameter continuous rolling process. This value is one of the major factors affecting the grooves wear during the rolling process. The studies were carried out based on the actual engineering data for 160 × 160 mm square cross-section feedstock of steel S355J0. Numerical modelling of the rolling process was performed using Forge2008®, a finite-element based computer program.
Microstructure Evolution and Texture Development in a Cu-8.5%AT. AL Material Subjected to Hydrostatic Extrusion
Authors: Jakubowska D. , Zdunek J. , Kulczyk M. , Mizera J. , Kurzydłowski K. J.
Published: July 2016

The aim of the present paper was to investigate microstructure and texture evolution of two single crystals and polycrystal of Cu-8.5%at.Al material. All of mentioned samples were deformed by HE to achieve true strain ε = 1.17. For microstructure analyzes observations by transmission electron microscope (STEM) were done. Crystalline size for samples after SPD were determine using XRD method. The global texture measurements were done using Bruker D8 Discover diffractometer equipped in Cr radiation. Microstructure investigations revealed nanocrystalline structure in single crystals with initial orientations <110> and <100> and polycrystalline Cu-8.5%at.Al material after SPD. The global texture measurements have shown the stability of initial orientation of <100> Cu-8.5%at.Al single crystal after HE, whereas the same SPD process strongly brakes up the orientation <110> Cu-8.5%at. Al single crystal.
The Structural and Strength Changes Resulting from Modification of Heat Treatment of High Carbon Steel
Authors: Grygier D. , Rutkowska-Gorczyca M. , Jasiński R. , Dudziński W.
Published: July 2016

Pearlitic steels containing from some 0,8 to 0,95% C belong to the group of unalloyed steels intended for cold drawing or rolling. One of the problems discussed in literature is cracking of pearlitic steel subjected to plastic working, caused by high brittleness of the lamellar precipitations of hard cementite. This issue is extremely important because it affects significantly reduce fatigue strength. The paper presents proposals to modify the process of heat treatment, results in getting a steel with spheroidal structure characterized by better plastic properties, in order to eliminate this problem.
The Defects of Oxide Layers Formed on 10CrMo9-10 Steel Operated for 200,000 Hours at an Elevated Temperature
Authors: Gwoździk M.
Published: July 2016

The paper contains results of studies into the formation of oxide layers on 10CrMo9-10 (10H2M) steel long-term operated at an elevated temperature (T = 545°C, t = 200,000h). The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the inner and outer surface of the tube wall on the outlet both on the fire and counter-fire side of the tube wall surface.

The obtained results of research have shown a higher degree of degradation, both of the steel itself and oxide layers, on the fire side. In addition, it has been shown that on the outside tube wall, apart from iron oxides, there are also deposits composed mainly of Al2SiO5.