bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New pyrimidine/thiazole hybrids endowed with analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, and lower cardiotoxic activities: Design, synthesis, and COX‐2/sEH dual inhibition
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Salah A. , Taher Ehab S. , Lan Ping , El‐Koussi Nawal A. , Salem Ola I. A. , Gomaa Hesham A. M. , Youssif Bahaa G. M.
Published: April 2022

Some cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 selective medications were withdrawn from the market just a few years after their production due to cardiovascular side effects. In this study, a new series of pyrimidine/thiazole hybrids 7a–p was synthesized as selective COX‐2/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors with analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects, and lower cardiotoxicity effects. The target compounds were synthesized and in vitro tested against COX‐1, COX‐2, and sEH enzymes. Hybrids 7j, 7k, and 7i showed the greatest COX‐2‐inhibitory activity and were discovered to be the most potent dual COX‐2/sEH inhibitors. In vivo tests revealed that these hybrids were the most active analgesic/anti‐inflammatory agents, with improved ulcerogenic and cardioprotective properties. Finally, the most active dual inhibitors were docked into COX‐2/sEH active regions to explain their binding mechanisms.
The relationship of types of intuition to thinking styles, beliefs, and cognitions
Authors: Dennin Allyson , Furman Kayla , Pretz Jean E. , Roy Michael M.
Published: April 2022

We argue that intuition is a multifaceted construct, a single label applied to three distinct types of intuition: Holistic, Inferential, and Affective. The goals of this study were to (1) evaluate the independence of these types of intuition and (2) examine the relationships between each type and various thinking styles, beliefs, and cognitions. Results confirmed the distinction among of the types of intuition and established their differential relationships to other relevant constructs including need for cognition, rumination, religiosity, spirituality, conservatism, cognitive reflection, scientific reasoning, and bullshit receptivity. Affective intuition was associated with participants' religious and political beliefs and with lower levels of cognitive reflection and scientific reasoning. Holistic intuition was positively associated with thinking styles such as need for cognition and the propensity to ruminate. Inferential intuition was not strongly related to any of the measures used in this study, perhaps because our tasks did not rely on domain expertise. The results of this study have implications for theory about intuition and on the applications of intuition in areas such as in judgment and decision‐making.
Teaching human anatomy to the visually impaired: A systematic review
Authors: de Lima Paola , Souza e Silva Renata , Guedert Denis Guilherme , Costa Ana Carolina Figueiredo , Gondim Delane Viana , Vale Mariana Lima
Published: April 2022

Information related to human anatomy is present throughout the educational process, especially in undergraduate courses in the biomedical area. These courses have complex theoretical and practical contents, and this becomes more evident when they are developed for the visually impaired. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review on the teaching of human anatomy for the visually impaired. After the protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42022306002), 10 electronic databases were manually searched with the descriptors “teaching human anatomy” and “visually impaired.” Intervention studies were selected without date or language restrictions. In the end, only eight studies were found. Tactile materials produced manually, and Braille and cadaveric pieces, are assessed as good tools for teaching human anatomy to the visually impaired. There is a pressing need for adaptations of teaching methods to make the teaching more accessible and inclusive.
Synthetic Supramolecular Host for D‐(−)‐Ribose: Ratiometric Fluorescence Response via Multivalent Lectin‐Carbohydrate Interactions
Authors: Fernandes Rikitha S. , Dey Nilanjan
Published: April 2022

Easily synthesizable, carbazole‐based organic nanoaggregates have been designed for selective detection of D‐(−)‐ribose at physiological pH. The addition of D‐ribose results in a ratiometric change in fluorescence color from green to cyan (LOD: ∼12 μM). The mechanistic studies indicate the presence of multipoint noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions between D‐ribose and acyl hydrazone and terminal pyridyl units of the probe molecule. However, such multipoint interactions dissociate the preformed self‐assembled nanoclusters and induce change in optical response. The probe molecule was further exploited in analyzing D‐ribose content in biological fluids (diluted human urine and blood serum) and oral supplements. The small standard deviation values (2–3.8 %) with nearly quantitative recovery (93.5–105.5 %) indicate the high accuracy of the presented method. Further, low‐cost portable device based coated paper strips were designed for ‘on‐location’ rapid, detection of D‐ribose even at remote locations.
Bioresorbable scaffolds: zebras are not striped horses
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco
Published: April 2022

Key Points

The magnesium BRS, thanks to their peculiar characteristics, have suggested to be useful in complex clinical scenarios, like bifurcation lesions.

This study shows that the use of magnesium BRS for treating non‐calcified bifurcations is associated with a high rate of scaffold fracture, especially of the proximal stent struts.

While waiting for further evidence, it is reasonable to limit the use of BRS for non‐complex coronary anatomies, avoiding too much aggressive post‐dilation.
Successfully treating the common femoral artery “no go zone” with directional atherectomy plus antirestenotic therapy (DAART)
Authors: Winscott John G. , Hillegass William B.
Published: April 2022

Key Points

Steno‐occlusive disease of the common femoral artery (CFA) has been historically considered a "no go" and certainly "no stent" zone for endovascular therapy.

Largely a "leave nothing behind" strategy, Directional Atherectomy plus Anti‐Restenotic Theray (DAART) with drug coated balloon (DCB) appears to be a safe and durably effective treatment for CFA steno‐occlusive disease, as well as complex femoropopliteal disease.

Experienced operators safely achieved 84% primary patency and 87% freedom from target lesion revascularization in the CFA with DAART, sufficiently competitive with open endarterectomy to warrant larger randomized trials.
Iso‐osmolar versus low‐osmolar contrast agents to reduce the incidence of renal and cardiovascular side effects
Authors: Kuchibhotla Sudeep , Krajcer Zvonimir
Published: April 2022

Key Points

Use of iso‐osmolar contrast media (IOCM) versus low‐osmolar contrast media (LOCM) was associated with significantly fewer postoperative cardiac, renal, and limb adverse events in patients identified as high‐risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing peripheral endovascular interventions for claudication or critical limb ischemia (CLI).

This impactful study promotes the preferential use of IOCM over LOCM in patients with elevated risk of developing contrast‐induced kidney injury who are undergoing endovascular intervention for claudication or CLI.
Double kissing crush stenting: No pain, no gain?
Authors: Dangas George , Garg Aakash
Published: April 2022

Key Points

Optimal strategy of bifurcation stenting remains debated. Provisional stenting is preferred in most cases.

DK crush stenting has high technical success, however challenges are frequently encountered.

Larger multicenter study comparing DK crush with other two‐stent techniques is needed in the US.
Reaching the optimal volume‐quality balance in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Gilani Syed , Jneid Hani
Published: April 2022

Key Points

The current study shows that the mean TF TAVR operator procedural volumes are growing over time, along with the numbers of TAVR procedures and new operators. A significant geographic variation in operators' procedural volumes and density exists.

More than one third of operators in the United States perform ≤10 TF TAVR procedures annually.
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia during treatment for ketoacidosis associated with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Une Kazunobu , Sumi Yusuke , Kurayoshi Manabu , Nakanuno Ryuichi , Nakahara Masahiro
Published: April 2022

This case report describes a patient with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia that developed due to diabetic ketoacidosis. We believe that early diagnosis and intervention may improve the prognosis of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia that has low vascular risk, with the major risk factor being dehydration due to diabetic ketoacidosis.
Blue man: Ochronosis in Otolaryngology
Authors: Dewan Karuna , MacDonald Charles Bruce , Shires Courtney B.
Published: April 2022

Blue discoloration of the skin and cartilage, or ochronosis, is a rare physical examination finding. We present two cases of childhood onset ochronosis, one exogenous and one endogenous in etiology. The first was caused by minocycline use for severe acne, and the second was caused by congenital alkaptonuria.
Enhanced Cycling Stability in the Anion Redox Material P3‐Type Zn‐Substituted Sodium Manganese Oxide
Authors: Linnell Stephanie F. , Hirsbrunner Moritz , Imada Saki , Cibin Giannantonio , Naden Aaron B. , Chadwick Alan V. , Irvine John T. S. , Duda Laurent C. , Armstrong A. Robert
Published: April 2022

Sodium layered oxides showing oxygen redox activity are promising positive electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, structural degradation typically results in limited reversibility of the oxygen redox activity. Herein, the effect of Zn‐doping on the electrochemical properties of P3‐type sodium manganese oxide, synthesised under air and oxygen is investigated for the first time. Air‐Na0.67Mn0.9Zn0.1O2 and Oxy‐Na0.67Mn0.9Zn0.1O2 exhibit stable cycling performance between 1.8 and 3.8 V, each maintaining 96 % of their initial capacity after 30 cycles, where Mn3+/Mn4+ redox dominates. Increasing the voltage range to 1.8–4.3 V activates oxygen redox. For the material synthesised under air, oxygen redox activity is based on Zn, with limited reversibility. The additional transition metal vacancies in the material synthesised under oxygen result in enhanced oxygen redox reversibility with small voltage hysteresis. These results may assist the development of high‐capacity and structurally stable oxygen redox‐based materials for SIBs.
Several Key Factors for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting: Active Site Coordination Environment, Morphology Changes and Intermediates Identification
Authors: Hu Cejun , Hu Yanfang , Zhu Aonan , Li Mingming , Wei Junli , Zhang Yuying , Xie Wei
Published: April 2022

Water‐splitting has emerged as a promising alternative strategy to produce clean hydrogen fuel. However, current electrocatalytic water splitting suffers from sluggish kinetics, thus developing efficient electrocatalysts is crucial. Identifying reaction centers discloses the reaction mechanism and will undoubtedly facilitate the design and optimization of efficient water splitting electrocatalysts. This review summarizes several advances involving the identification of the actual active sites and intermediates capture on the catalytic surface. The morphology and valence states change on 2D materials are chose to illustrate how structural evolution affect catalytic activity. Specifically, in situ/ex situ electron microscopy techniques that used for the characterization of catalytic sites, and spectroscopy techniques that used to detect active intermediates at the molecular level are highlighted. In addition, several perspectives, such as the development of new in situ techniques and electrokinetic analysis methods, are emphasized to shed light on future research.
Interplay of Anion‐π+ and π+‐π+ Interactions in Novel Pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolinium‐Based AIEgens ‐ Substituent‐ and Counterion‐Dependent Fluorescence Modulation and Applications in Live Cell Mitochondrial Imaging**
Authors: Mule Ravindra D. , Roy Rupam , Mandal Koushik , Chopra Deepak , Dutta Tanoy , Sancheti Shashank P. , Shinde Popat S. , Banerjee Somsuvra , Lal Koner Apurba , Bhowal Rohit , Senthilkumar Beeran , Patil Nitin T.
Published: April 2022

Recently, the concept of anion‐π+ interactions has witnessed unique applications in the field of AIEgen development. In this contribution, we disclose a consolidated study of a library of N‐doped ionic AIEgens accessed through silver‐mediated cyclization of pyridino‐alkynes. A thorough photophysical, computational and crystallographic study has been conducted to rationalize the observed substituent‐ and counterion‐dependent fluorescence properties of these luminogens. We further elucidate the prominent role of anion‐π+ interactions, π+‐π+ interactions and other non‐covalent interactions, in inhibiting the undesired ACQ effect. Finally, we have also demonstrated the application of selected AIEgens for imaging of mitochondria in live cells.
Persulfurated Benzene‐Cored Asterisks with π‐Extended ThioNaphthyl Arms: Synthesis, Structural, Photophysical and Covalent Dynamic Properties
Authors: Gahlot Sapna , Gradone Alessandro , Roy Myriam , Giorgi Michel , Conti Simone , Ceroni Paola , Villa Marco , Gingras Marc
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of regioisomeric asterisks (5) and (6) incorporating a benzene core with six 1‐naphthylthio or six 2‐naphthylthio arms are reported in search for new materials with optoelectronic properties. The consequences on the extension of a π system surrounding a persulfurated benzene core provide a new avenue to study the structural, photophysical, and chemical properties of such family of all‐organic phosphors. It also diverts the persulfuration mechanism after two radical cyclizations for making a [5]dithiohelicene by‐product (7) and favors dynamic sulfur component exchange reactions surrounding the core. These exchanges convert asterisks (5) and (6), non‐phosphorescent at 20 °C to the highly phosphorescent (4) (ϕ ∼100 %, solid state at 20 °C). For asterisks (5) and (6), the absence of the typical phosphorescence of the per(phenylthio)benzene core in the solid state at 20 °C and the presence of a weak naphthalene‐based phosphorescence at 77 K is attributed to an energy transfer from the triplet state of the persulfurated benzene core to the outer naphthalene moieties, resulting in an antenna system.
How Ionization Catalyzes Diels‐Alder Reactions
Authors: Vermeeren Pascal , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: April 2022

The catalytic effect of ionization on the Diels‐Alder reaction between 1,3‐butadiene and acrylaldehyde has been studied using relativistic density functional theory (DFT). Removal of an electron from the dienophile, acrylaldehyde, significantly accelerates the Diels‐Alder reaction and shifts the reaction mechanism from concerted asynchronous for the neutral Diels‐Alder reaction to stepwise for the radical‐cation Diels‐Alder reaction. Our detailed activation strain and Kohn‐Sham molecular orbital analyses reveal how ionization of the dienophile enhances the Diels‐Alder reactivity via two mechanisms: (i) by amplifying the asymmetry in the dienophile's occupied π‐orbitals to such an extent that the reaction goes from concerted asynchronous to stepwise and thus with substantially less steric (Pauli) repulsion per reaction step; (ii) by enhancing the stabilizing orbital interactions that result from the ability of the singly occupied molecular orbital of the radical‐cation dienophile to engage in an additional three‐electron bonding interaction with the highest occupied molecular orbital of the diene.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides with Triethylamine Hydrofluoride
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cheng Xu , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Hydrofluoride is an industry‐preferred fluoride source, and finds extensively application to manufacture diverse fluoro chemicals. The Et3N‐3HF complex is a liquid HF with improve safety. In this work, we report electrochemical synthesis of a series of sulfonyl fluoride with Et3N‐3HF as fluoride source. The sulfinic salt is a smell‐less, non‐volatile, and air‐stable sulfur source in this reaction. With the combination of Et3N‐3HF and aryl/alkyl sulfinic salt, the sulfonyl fluorides are achieved without the use of external oxidant. In addition, we demonstrate further advantage in a tandem reaction involving Pd‐catalyzed C—S cross‐coupling and formation of S—F bond. A variety of functional groups including amino acids, heterocycles, halides are well tolerated.
Direct and indirect costs of allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis to adults in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Xian , Xu Xu , Li Jingyun , Huang Yanran , Wang Chengshuo , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Luo
Published: April 2022

Background

Chronic rhinitis is generally classified as either allergic rhinitis (AR) or non‐allergic rhinitis (NAR). There is currently no report on the economic burden of AR and NAR in Beijing, China.

Methodology

A total of 1013 valid questionnaires from 448 AR patients and 565 NAR patients living in Beijing were continuously collected for investigation of the direct (e.g., drugs, medical visits) and indirect costs (absenteeism and presenteeism) from August 2020 to April 2021.

Results and Conclusion

The total cost of AR and NAR was € 195.6 patient/year and € 185.3 patient/year respectively. The total societal cost for adult AR and NAR patients in Beijing is around € 440.9 and € 671.9 million per year in terms of the standardized prevalence of the diseases. The patient's level of education, disease duration, predilection time of disease, severity of symptoms and comorbidity with other allergic disease were factors that affected the economic burden on patients with rhinitis.
New Insights into the Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate and Decomposition Mechanism by Nano‐CuO Dispersed in Graphite‐Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Composites
Authors: Shi Zhe , Tang Changsheng , Xu Yidong , Hu Yinghui , Zhang Jian , Zhu Zhaoyang , Zheng Jian , Fan Ruiqing , Xia Debin , Yang Yulin
Published: April 2022

Enhancing the exothermic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is of great significance to obtain solid propellants with excellent combustion performance. Herein, we prepared a series of composites for catalyzing the exothermic decomposition of AP by a facile method with different masses of nano copper oxide (n‐CuO) dispersed in graphene‐nitride carbon (g‐C3N4) nanosheets. Among them, n‐CuO‐8/g‐C3N4showed the best catalytic activity, which reduced the high‐temperature decomposition (HTD) value by 95.0 °C, and increased the total heat release by 505 J ⋅ g−1. The n‐CuO‐12/g‐C3N4also reduced the activation energy (Ea) of the HTD stage by 47.34 kJ ⋅ mol−1. The catalytic mechanism study suggested that the n‐CuO‐X/g‐C3N4composites promoted the transition of electrons (e−) and holes (h+) from ClO4−to NH4+and inhibited the recombination of e−and h+, which further enhanced the exothermic decomposition of AP. During decomposition, the transformation of N2O to NO was significantly inhibited by the n‐CuO‐X/g‐C3N4composites, thus increasing the integral heat release as evidenced by Real‐time thermogravimetry/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This study illustrated that n‐CuO‐X/g‐C3N4composites are catalysts for the efficient decomposition of AP, which further enhance the energy performance of solid propellants.
Developing robust ridge estimators for Poisson regression model
Authors: Abonazel Mohamed R. , Dawoud Issam
Published: April 2022

The Poisson regression model (PRM) is the standard statistical method of analyzing count data, and it is estimated by a Poisson maximum likelihood (PML) estimator. Such an estimator is affected by outliers, and some robust Poisson regression estimators have been proposed to solve this problem. PML estimators are also influenced by multicollinearity. Biased Poisson regression estimators have been developed to address this problem, including Poisson ridge regression and Poisson almost unbiased ridge estimators. However, the above mentioned estimators do not deal with outliers and multicollinearity problems together in a PRM. Therefore, we propose two robust ridge estimators to deal with the two problems simultaneously in the PRM, namely, the robust Poisson ridge regression (RPRR) estimator and the robust Poisson almost unbiased ridge (RPAUR) estimator. Theoretical comparisons and Monte‐Carlo simulations are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed estimators relative to the performance of other approaches to PRM parameter estimation. The simulation results indicate that the RPAUR estimator outperforms the other estimators in all situations where both problems exist. Finally, real data are used to confirm the results of this paper.
Uncertainty Quantification of Reactivity Scales
Authors: Proppe Jonny , Kircher Johannes
Published: April 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Ricardo A. Mata from the University of Göttingen. The image contrasts single‐valued reactivity parameters and distributions thereof. The latter allow chemists to better assess relative reactivity and, therefore, support synthesis planning. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200061.
Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Based on DNA Walkers
Authors: Zhao Li‐Dan , Yang Xia , Zhong Xia , Zhuo Ying
Published: April 2022

Mediated by Watson‐Crick base‐pairing principle, DNA can be used to construct multi‐functional molecular machines, such as DNA walkers, tweezers, logic gates and motors. It is noteworthy that DNA walkers with the advantages of programmability and diverse structures within the micro‐nano scale have attracted intense attention in the field of biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and genetic diagnosis. DNA walkers are comprised of driving power, walking strands and the tracks. The driving power acts as an external stimulus and the tracks as a platform for the walking strands to move autonomously. Under the specific external stimulus as driving power, such as strand displacement strategies, enzymatic reactions and environmental condition stimulus, DNA walkers could realize the generation and amplification of signals. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors, combining ECL technology and bio‐identification strategies, exhibit the virtue of high sensitivity, wide linear response range and low background interference. Recently, the construction of DNA walker‐based ECL biosensors can amplify the targets and signals via multiple identification and recycles, achieving ultrasensitive detection for diverse targets. Herein, this review systematically summarizes the construction of different types of DNA walkers and their applications in ECL biosensors. Ultimately, this review summarizes and discusses the prospects for DNA walkers.
Rational Molecular Design of Efficient Heavy‐Atom‐Free Photosensitizers for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Nghia , Ha Jeongsun , Jeong Hyunsun , Cho Moonyeon , Kim Gyongmi , Yoon Juyoung
Published: April 2022

Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising modality for treatment of cancer due to its minimal invasiveness and high selectivity. However, development of advanced photosensitizers (PSs) for clinical translation of photodynamic therapy remains challenging. To overcome the limitations of common photosensitizers containing heavy atoms, we herein developed highly effective heavy‐atom‐free photosensitizers based on strong donor‐π‐acceptor‐type structures (PTZ‐CN and PXZ‐CN) for bioimaging and photodynamic ablation of cancer. These PSs exhibited bright fluorescence emission with a large Stokes shift as well as considerable reactive oxygen generation capability under specific conditions. Notably, PTZ‐CN could produce reactive oxygen species more efficiently than Ru(bpy)32+ (commercial PS) with an approximately 2.2‐fold via type I and type II photochemical mechanisms. In addition, their stable nanoparticles were easily formed by self‐assembly in an aqueous solution without employing a polymer. More importantly, PTZ‐CN/PXZ‐CN exhibited bright fluorescence and excellent photodynamic performance with negligible dark cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells. This study demonstrates the promising potential of donor‐π‐acceptor‐type molecule‐based PSs in fluorescence image‐guided photodynamic therapy.
Considerations for Physiologically Based Modeling in Liver Disease: From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Murphy William A. , Adiwidjaja Jeffry , Sjöstedt Noora , Yang Kyunghee , Beaudoin James J. , Spires Jessica , Siler Scott Q. , Neuhoff Sibylle , Brouwer Kim L.R.
Published: April 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), representing a clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is rapidly evolving into a global pandemic. Patients with NAFLD are burdened with high rates of metabolic syndrome‐related comorbidities resulting in polypharmacy. Therefore, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of NAFLD‐mediated changes in drug disposition and efficacy/toxicity. Despite extensive clinical pharmacokinetic data in cirrhosis, current knowledge concerning pharmacokinetic alterations in NAFLD, particularly at different stages of disease progression, is relatively limited. In vitro‐to‐in vivo extrapolation coupled with physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (IVIVE‐PBPK/PD) modeling offers a promising approach for optimizing pharmacologic predictions while refining and reducing clinical studies in this population. Use of IVIVE‐PBPK to predict intra‐organ drug concentrations at pharmacologically relevant sites of action is particularly advantageous when it can be linked to pharmacodynamic effects. Quantitative systems pharmacology/toxicology (QSP/QST) modeling can be used to translate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from PBPK/PD models into clinically relevant predictions of drug response and toxicity. In this review, a detailed summary of NAFLD‐mediated alterations in human physiology relevant to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) is provided. The application of literature‐derived physiologic parameters and ADME‐associated protein abundance data to inform virtual NAFLD population development and facilitate PBPK/PD, QSP, and QST predictions is discussed along with current limitations of these methodologies and knowledge gaps. The proposed methodologic framework offers great potential for meaningful prediction of pharmacological outcomes in patients with NAFLD and can inform both drug development and clinical practice for this population.
Novel 3D printing method to reinforce implant‐supported denture fiberglass as material for implant prosthesis: A pilot study
Authors: Nicali Andrea , Pradal Giulia , Brandolini Gianluca , Mantelli Andrea , Levi Marinella
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Despite a large amount of materials and methods to make an implant‐supported denture, nowadays there is no gold standard. Every solution has pros and cons that guide the clinician and the technician to choose the best solution for a single case. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the fiber‐reinforced composite superstructure made by using a novel three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology able to create a reinforcing structure patient‐specific, more reliable, structurally optimized, and faster than conventional methods.

Materials and Methods

To evaluate mechanical performances of 3D‐printed fiberglass, mechanical characterization of 3D‐printed material was performed. Before proceeding with the realization of the final prosthesis, five specimens were created on which the tensile test and volumetric fiber content measurement were performed. Then denture reinforcement 3D printing process began. Initially, the robot prints layers of fiber. Finally, the obtained 3D‐printed reinforcement structure was finalized in the lab.

Results

The prosthesis obtained through this process was lighter than a traditional prosthesis, there was a greater chemical adhesion between resin and 3D‐printed reinforcement structure and a better result was obtained from an esthetic point of view.

Conclusions

The outcomes we obtained endorse its performance both mechanical and esthetic. The entire process is automatic and does not require human operation thanks to specific software programming.
Development and validation of diagnostic markers for the wheat Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb7
Authors: Zhao Lanfei , Ge Wenyang , Lyu Zhongfan , Xu Shoushen , Xu Yuzhou , Bernardo Amy , Zhang Qijun , Xu Steven , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang , Bai Guihua
Published: April 2022

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, has caused great losses in grain yield and quality of wheat globally. Fhb7, a gene with a major effect on FHB resistance, was recently cloned and shown to be a GST encoding glutathione S‐transferase. Fhb7 originated from the 7E chromosome of Thinopyrum ponticum and confers broad resistance to Fusarium species. However, high‐throughput diagnostic markers are not available for wider deployment of Fhb7 in breeding programs. To develop such DNA markers for high‐throughput screening of Fhb7, we designed two kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers (Fhb7‐KASP1 and Fhb7‐KASP2) based on the promoter and coding sequences of GST homologs and tested their cosegregation with Fhb7 FHB resistance in a recombinant inbred population. As a validation of their usefulness in marker‐assisted selection in breeding programs, Fhb7‐KASP1 and Fhb7‐KASP2 were shown to be diagnostic for Fhb7 status in a set of RWG34‐near‐isogenic lines (NILs) and a natural winter wheat population (RGON2020). Haplotype analysis of Thinopyrum accessions using the two markers and GST homolog sequences identified only six accessions with the Fhb7 resistance marker alleles and the Hap I‐R haplotype, and five of them were cytologically confirmed to be Th. ponticum, the species in which Fhb7 was originally identified. The development of the diagnostic markers in this study will facilitate the deployment of Fhb7 in wheat breeding programs to improve FHB resistance.
Enhancing the learning of evolutionary anthropology skills by combining student‐active teaching with actual and virtual immersion of Master's students in fieldwork, laboratory practice, and dissemination
Authors: Bayle Priscilla , Armand Dominique , Bessou Maryelle , Cochard David , Couture Christine , Deguilloux Marie‐France , Ferrier Catherine , Haget Cathy , Jaubert Jacques , Knüsel Christopher , Martins Stéphanie , Pubert Éric , Rottier Stéphane , Souron Antoine , Beauval Cédric , Caillo Arnaud , Dutailly Bruno , Girault Thomas , Hesry Malo , Lacrampe‐Cuyaubère François , Ledevin Ronan , Masset Caroline , Mesa‐Saborido Miriam , Mora Pascal , Muth Xavier , Pinson Raphaël , Thibeault Adrien , Thomas Marc , Vanderesse Nicolas , Bordes Jean‐Guillaume
Published: April 2022

Higher education in evolutionary anthropology involves providing students with in‐depth knowledge of biological and cultural heritage sites and collections that are frequently inaccessible. Indeed, most sites, fossils, and archaeological remains can be visited or manipulated only rarely and solely by specialists with extensive experience. Owing to the development of 3D and medical imaging techniques, this fragile heritage is now more widely accessible, and in a dynamic way. However, exclusive adoption of virtual teaching and learning has a negative impact on student engagement and, naturally, on exchanges with instructors, and thus cannot be used without some reservations. In the ITAP (Immersion dans les Terrains de l’Anthropologie biologique et de la Préhistoire) project of the higher education STEP (Soutien à la Transformation et à l’Expérimentation Pédagogiques) transformation program at the University of Bordeaux, we combine student‐active teaching with Master's students fully immersed in ongoing fieldwork, laboratory study, and dissemination of research results in order to develop more individually shaped learning curricula and to foster both professional and new interdisciplinary skills. Here, we present examples of experiments conducted in the ITAP project using both authentic and virtual collections of archaeological, experimental, and reference materials that help to break down the barriers between research activities and higher education, as well as providing a more general appraisal of the appropriate use of virtual tools in higher education by combining them with real‐life situations.
Conservation and management of the culture of bears
Authors: Servheen Christopher , Gunther Kerry A.
Published: April 2022

Culture is widely accepted as an important social factor present across a wide range of species. Bears have a culture as defined as behavioral traditions inherited through social learning usually from mothers to offspring. Successful bear cultures can enhance fitness and resource exploitation benefits. In contrast, some bear cultures related to response to humans and human‐related foods can be maladaptive and result in reduced fitness and direct mortality. In environments with minimal human influence most bear culture has evolved over generations to be beneficial and well adapted to enhance fitness. However, most bears across the world do not live in areas with minimal human influence and in these areas, bear culture is often changed by bear interactions with humans, usually to the detriment of bear survival. We highlight the importance of identifying unique bear cultural traits that allow efficient use of local resources and the value of careful management to preserve these adaptive cultural behaviors. It is also important to select against maladaptive cultural behaviors that are usually related to humans in order to reduce human–bear conflicts and high bear mortality. We use examples from Yellowstone National Park to demonstrate how long‐term management to reduce maladaptive bear cultures related to humans has resulted in healthy bear populations and a low level of human–bear conflict in spite of a high number of Yellowstone National Park visitors in close association with bears.
Applying and testing a novel method to estimate animal density from motion‐triggered cameras
Authors: Becker Marcus , Huggard David J. , Dickie Melanie , Warbington Camille , Schieck Jim , Herdman Emily , Serrouya Robert , Boutin Stan
Published: April 2022

Estimating animal abundance and density are fundamental goals of many wildlife monitoring programs. Camera trapping has become an increasingly popular tool to achieve these monitoring goals due to recent advances in modeling approaches and the capacity to simultaneously collect data on multiple species. However, estimating the density of unmarked populations continues to be problematic due to the difficulty in implementing complex modeling approaches, low precision of estimates, and absence of rigor in testing of model assumptions and their influence on results. Here, we describe a novel approach that uses still image camera traps to estimate animal density without the need for individual identification, based on the time spent in front of the camera (TIFC). Using results from a large‐scale multispecies monitoring program with nearly 3000 cameras deployed over 6 years in Alberta, Canada, we provide a reproducible methodology to estimate parameters and we test key assumptions of the TIFC model. We compare moose (Alces alces) density estimates from aerial surveys and TIFC, including incorporating correction factors for known TIFC assumption violations. The resulting corrected TIFC density estimates are comparable to aerial density estimates. We discuss the limitations of the TIFC method and areas needing further investigation, including the need for long‐term monitoring of assumption violations and the number of cameras necessary to provide precise estimates. Despite the challenges of assumption violations and high measurement error, cameras and the TIFC method can provide useful alternative or complementary animal density estimates for multispecies monitoring when compared to traditional monitoring methods.
NLRP3 inflammasome triggers interleukin‐37 release from human monocytes
Authors: Gritsenko Anna , Díaz‐Pino Rodrigo , López‐Castejón Gloria
Published: April 2022

IL‐37 is an anti‐inflammatory member of the IL‐1 family that dampens inflammation associated with many noncommunicable diseases. However, mechanisms of IL‐37 regulation remain understudied. We aimed to investigate the enzymatic cleavage of IL‐37 that potentiates extracellular signalling, as well as pathways of IL‐37 secretion. In human monocytes, mature IL‐37 (mIL‐37) was released following canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The release of IL‐37 was blocked by inhibiting plasma membrane permeability and in gasdermin‐D‐deficient THP‐1 cells. While the cleavage of IL‐37 was found to be constitutive, the release of mIL‐37 was blocked in NLRP3‐deficient THP‐1 cells and by NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 in THP‐1s and primary human monocytes. IL‐37 secretion also occurred after 18‐h exposure to LPS, independently of the alternative NLRP3 inflammasome. This LPS‐dependent IL‐37 secretion required plasma membrane permeability, but not conventional protein secretion apparatus. Mutagenesis of the suggested caspase‐1 cleavage site (D20) or the proposed alternative cleavage site (V46) did not completely block IL‐37 processing. Therefore, we propose a novel pathway in which IL‐37 is cleaved by caspase‐1‐independent mechanisms and released following canonical and alternative NLRP3 inflammasome triggers by differential pathways.
Exporting Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysts to Biological Habitats
Authors: Seoane Andrés , Mascareñas José Luis
Published: April 2022

The possibility of performing designed transition‐metal catalyzed reactions in biological and living contexts can open unprecedented opportunities to interrogate and interfere with biology. However, the task is far from obvious, in part because of the presumed incompatibly between organometallic chemistry and complex aqueous environments. Nonetheless, in the past decade there has been a steady progress in this research area, and several transition‐metal (TM)‐catalyzed bioorthogonal and biocompatible reactions have been developed. These reactions encompass a wide range of mechanistic profiles, which are very different from those used by natural metalloenzymes. Herein we present a summary of the latest progress in the field of TM‐catalyzed bioorthogonal reactions, with a special focus on those triggered by activation of multiple carbon‐carbon bonds.
Nickel/Photo‐Cocatalyzed Acyl C−H Benzylation of Aldehydes with Benzyl Chlorides
Authors: Li Xiantang , Mao Yujia , Fan Pei , Wang Chuan
Published: April 2022

We have developed a nickel/TBADT cocatalyzed acyl C−H benzylation of both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with primary and secondary benzyl chlorides under mild reaction conditions. The protocol provides a convenient and efficient method to synthesize a variety of ketones.
C−H Hydroxylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones through ipso‐Substitution Using tert‐Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Sau Sudip , Mal Prasenjit
Published: April 2022

A convenient one‐pot synthesis of quinoxaline‐2,3‐dione has been achieved by C−H hydroxylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one using TBN (tert‐butyl nitrite) as a promoter of the reaction in DMSO. First radical‐mediated nitration using TBN at C‐3 of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one and followed by hydroxylation with water via ipso‐substitution led to the quinoxaline‐2,3‐dione.
Minding the boundary: social–ecological contexts for fence ecology and management
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Huntsinger Lynn
Published: April 2022

Fencing is a globally ubiquitous yet largely underestimated human infrastructure. To date, most fencing‐related research and management has focused on its biophysical outcomes. However, fencing is often part of coupled human and natural systems, and inevitably affects social and ecological dynamics and the links between them. Drawing from three key case studies in the US, China, and South Africa, we delineate five social pathways through which fencing shapes social–ecological dynamics in a landscape. We show that the social functions and physical appearance of fencing conjointly form a positive feedback loop that stimulates the proliferation of fences across entire landscapes, rendering fencing a more impactful feature than expected from its ecological impacts alone. The emerging field of fence ecology and management must embrace the social–ecological complexities of fenced landscapes to minimize unanticipated social consequences.
Selection of the promising fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions using fruit‐related characters
Authors: Khadivi Ali , Mirheidari Farhad
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, fig (Ficus carica L.) fruits are consumed either fresh or dried and used for jam or spirit beverage production. Morphological and pomological diversity of 49 wild edible fig accessions sampled was evaluated. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the wild accessions studied using the morphological data recorded. Ripening time ranged from late July to mid‐August. Fruit skin ground color showed high variability, including cream–purple (4 accessions), purple–yellow (8), light purple (7), purple (15), dark purple (5), purple–cream (3), and cream (7). The range of fruit‐related traits was as follows: fruit length: 12.65–22.60 mm, fruit width: 10.67–24.18 mm, fruit fresh weight: 2.52–6.13 g, and fruit flesh thickness: 0.85–1.89 mm. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed 10 independent components that could explain 84.11% of total variance. Ward dendrogram created according to the data obtained revealed the variation among the accessions and showed two major clusters. The present results showed that the studied accessions had remarkable phenotypic variation, and among them, some accessions with high‐quality fruits in size, color, and taste can be planted and then used in the breeding programs. Information on the current levels of genetic diversity of germplasm is essential for devising strategies for wild forms conservation.
A novel WWTR1::AFF2 fusion in an intra‐abdominal soft tissue sarcoma with associated endometriosis
Authors: Dashti Nooshin K. , Dermawan Josephine K. , Schoolmeester J. Kenneth , Halling Kevin C. , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: April 2022

Application of molecular testing in clinical practice has led to significant advances in the classification of soft tissue sarcomas. Despite remarkable progress, there are still challenging cases that remain unclassified. In this study, we present an unusual spindle cell sarcoma arising in the abdominal cavity of a 37‐year‐old female. An extensive panel of immunostains was nonspecific for a line of differentiation and the tumor was subjected to targeted RNA sequencing for further classification. The findings showed a novel WWTR1::AFF2 fusion, which was further confirmed by break‐apart FISH analysis for WWTR1 gene rearrangement. The tumor was attached to the wall of sigmoid colon and showed a highly cellular proliferation of plump spindle to epithelioid cells arranged in intersecting fascicles. Areas of extensive endometriosis were identified adjacent to the tumor. The immunoprofile was significant for reactivity with desmin, calponin, WT‐1, ER, and PR, while negative for CD10, SMA, caldesmon, pan‐keratin, ALK, CD117, and S100. The patient is alive and well after 11 months of follow‐up. The exact histogenesis of this sarcoma remains unclear, however, the presence of adjacent endometriosis and coexpression of WT1/ER/PR raises the possibility of an unusual endometrioid stromal sarcoma, occurring outside the GYN tract. Additional cases are needed to establish the recurrent potential of this fusion event and to better define its pathogenesis and clinical behavior.
Cortical imbalance following delayed restoration of bilateral hearing in deaf adolescents
Authors: Anderson Carly A. , Cushing Sharon L. , Papsin Blake C. , Gordon Karen A.
Published: April 2022

Unilateral auditory deprivation in early childhood can lead to cortical strengthening of inputs from the stimulated side, yet the impact of this on bilateral processing when inputs are later restored beyond an early sensitive period is unknown. To address this, we conducted a longitudinal study with 13 bilaterally profoundly deaf adolescents who received unilateral access to sound via a cochlear implant (CI) in their right ear in early childhood before receiving bilateral access to sound a decade later via a second CI in their left ear. Auditory‐evoked cortical responses to unilateral and bilateral stimulation were measured repeatedly using electroencephalogram from 1 week to 14 months after activation of their second CI. Early cortical responses from the newly implanted ear and bilateral stimulation were atypically lateralized to the left ipsilateral auditory cortex. Duration of unilateral deafness predicted an unexpectedly stronger representation of inputs from the newly implanted, compared to the first implanted ear, in left auditory cortex. Significant initial reductions in responses were observed, yet a left‐hemisphere bias and unequal weighting of inputs favoring the long‐term deaf ear did not converge to a balanced state observed in the binaurally developed system. Bilateral response enhancement was significantly reduced in left auditory cortex suggesting deficits in ipsilateral response inhibition of new, dominant, inputs during bilateral processing. These findings paradoxically demonstrate the adaptive capacity of the adolescent auditory system beyond an early sensitive period for bilateral input, as well as restrictions on its potential to fully reverse cortical imbalances driven by long‐term unilateral deafness.
Recreational cannabis legalizations associated with reductions in prescription drug utilization among Medicaid enrollees
Authors: Raman Shyam , Bradford Ashley C.
Published: April 2022

The potential substitution of cannabis for prescription medication has attracted a substantial amount of attention within the context of medical cannabis laws (MCLs). However, much less is known about the association between recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) and prescription drug use. With recent evidence supporting substitution of cannabis for prescription drugs following MCLs, it is reasonable to ask what effect RCLs may have on those outcomes. We use quarterly data for all Medicaid prescriptions from 2011 to 2019 to investigate the effect of state‐level RCLs on prescription drug utilization. We estimate this effect with a series of two‐way fixed effects event study models. We find significant reductions in the volume of prescriptions within the drug classes that align with the medical indications for pain, depression, anxiety, sleep, psychosis, and seizures. Our results suggest substitution away from prescription drugs and potential cost savings for state Medicaid programs.