bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yirminci Yüzyıl Distopyalarının İşlevselliği Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Soysal Birol
Published: February 2025

An Analysis of the Functionality of Twentieth-Century DystopiasrnThis study examines the functionality of twentieth-century dystopias in the context of societal decay and the restriction of individual freedoms. Unlike utopias, which present optimistic and idealized societal models, dystopias emphasize themes such as the authoritarian structuring of social systems, the use of technological advancements to control individuals, and the revelation of darker aspects of human nature. Within the wartorn, politically tumultuous, and technologically evolving atmosphere of the twentieth century, the hopeful visions of utopias increasingly gave way to dystopian portrayals. Classical dystopian works such as 1984 by George Orwell, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, We by Yevgeny Zamyatin, and Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury depict societies where individual freedoms are lost, the state wields absolute control, and technology is employed to oppress individuals, highlighting the dangers of these scenarios. These dystopian narratives critique the potential for utopian ideals to transform into nightmares by suppressing both social and individual liberties. Dystopias warn of the potential risks involved in striving for utopian ideals, urging readers to reflect on the necessity of safeguarding individual rights. In this sense, the study emphasizes that twentieth-century dystopias not only portray dark futures but also serve as tools for societal critique and caution.rnKeywords: Utopia; Dystopia; Orwell; Huxley; Zamyatin; Bradbury
Sünnî ve Şiî Kaynaklara Göre Gazve ve Seriyyelerde Hz. Ali (eş-Şâmî ve el-Meclisî Örneği)
Authors: Çakmak Fatih Muhammed
Published: February 2025

Ali ibn Abi Talib in gazwas and Sariyyas from Sunni and Shiite Perspectives -Example of al-Shamaki and al-Majlis-rnIn this research, I intend to deal with the reports of Ali ibn Abi Talib’s role during the battles when Muhammad (pbuh) was alive. I compare reports from the Sunni Muhammad Saleh al-Shami’s Subulu’l-Huda and the Shiite Muhammad Baqir al- Majlisi’s Behar al-Anwar. I specifically focus on how Ali was represented and how his belligerency was taken into consideration in two resources. In research design, I give priority to the reports in al-Shami’s book as it is chronologically earlier than al- Majlisi’s. The research consists of an introduction and three subsequent chapters. In introduction, besides articulations of importance, purposes, and primary resources of the research, you will find a discussion of how Sunnism and Shiism as religiopolitical sects have emerged and how their emergence conditioned the later political and doctrinal historiography. This is followed by a brief conversation on their respective approaches to key concepts like sahaba, amir al-mu’minin, and ahl al-bayt. I do not ignore the important distinction between akhbari and usuli interpretations of the Shiism. The introduction ends with a historical conceptualization of gazwa and sariyya. The first chapter deals with the secondary sources on the two books and their authors. The second chapter, after an outline of the events in the battlefields, takes the task of comparing and then analyzing how similar and different al-Shami and al-Majlisi reported the same events in gazwas. In the third chapter, same task is undertaken for sariyyas. This chapter concludes with a general discussion of significant persona, themes, and symbols of the reports.rnKeywords: Ahl as-Sunnah; Shiism; Ali İbn Abi Talib; Gazwa; Sariyya
Kıraatlerin Ahkâm Tefsirlerine Yansıması ve Etkileri
Authors: Koçak Ayşenur
Published: February 2025

The Reflection and Effects of the Qiraats on the Commentaries of Ahkam (Rulings)rnThe discipline of Qiraat, in its most basic definition, pertains to the branch of scholarship that scrutinizes the articulation nuances of Quranic words concerning both pronunciation and rendition. Certain alterations in the words, stemming from the phonetic structure of the language utilized, not only manifest in vocalization but also extend to semantic connotations. Consequently, Qiraat has been the focal point of various fields of study such as exegesis (tafsir) and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Within exegesis, the nexus between qiraat and the elucidation of legal injunctions (ahkam) has been subject to considerable scrutiny. This is because qiraat have played a pivotal role in deducing legal rulings (ahkams) from Quranic verses. The existence of multiple recitations of a verse has resulted in the derivation of distinct meanings and legal verdicts from it. Evolution over time and historical events have engendered shifts in the correlation between qira’ah and jurisprudence. The potential for multiple ahkams to be derived from a single verse has given rise to scholarly divergence, with the discrepancies in legal rulings (ahkams) among sectarian scholars, particularly influenced by qiraat, being particularly significant. This study endeavors to elucidate the impact of qiraat on the interpretation of legal verses (ahkam). It examines the extent to which commentators leverage qiraat in deducing legal rulings (ahkams) and the methodologies they employ in doing so. The prominent qiraat variants are identified from qiraat sources, and their implications on the meanings and ethical dimensions of verses, as perceived by commentators, are analyzed. Within this framework, the study draws upon works such as al-Jassas’ (d. 370/981), al-Harrāsī’s (d. 504/1110), and Ibn al-‘Arabī’s (d. 543/1148) “Ahkām al-Qur’an,” alongside al-Suyūrī’s (d. 826/1423) “Fiqh al-Qur’an.” A comparative analysis of how qiraat are treated in the legal exegeses (tafsirs) of four distinct schools of thought holds significance in terms of the research’s originality. Throughout the study, data collection, analysis, deductive, and inductive methodologies are employed. The research findings indicate that certain qiraats directly alter the legal implications of verses, while others may not affect the legal rulings (ahkams) but contribute to the depth and breadth of verse meanings.rnKeywords: Qur’an; Tafsir; Qiraat, Rulings; Jessās; Herrāsī; Ibn al-‘Arabī; Suyūrī
“As American as Walt Disney:” The Political Theater of the Federal Theatre Project
Authors: Saal Ilka
Published: February 2025

Newspapers effectively mobilized the tropes and rhetorical strategies of American cultural nationalism. These strategies enabled the Living Newspapers to bridge diverse political sympathies and social backgrounds and to appeal to a broad and heterogeneous public. I argue that despite its radical, interventionist potential, the Living Newspaper was, ultimately, in Hallie Flanagan’s words, “as American as Walt Disney,” precisely because it focused on the plight of the common man and rearticulated problems of social inequality as questions of consumer agency. In this manner, it succeeded in both critiquing capitalist excess as well advocating system-immanent solutions to the current crisis of capitalism.
Relationship Between Purchasing Power and Performance of County Governments in Kenya
Authors: Lagat Jael , Osoro (Ph.D) Dr. Anthony , Wachiuri (Ph.D) Dr. Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between purchasing power and performance of county governments in Kenya.
Methods: The study used a descriptive research design. The target population of this study was 384 respondents drawn from all 47 counties in Kenya which included the staff from the procurement, ICT, finance and administration, and audit departments. The study sample size was 188 respondents and both stratified random sampling technique and simple random sampling techniques were adopted to get the sample of respondents to be included in the study. Data analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science version 28. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis.
Results: The findings revealed that purchasing power had a positive significant linear effect on performance of county governments in Kenya.
Implication: The study recommends that donors build and strengthen the local capacity of the affected nations and populations to prevent, prepare for, alleviate, and contain County crises, to make sure that governments and societies can efficiently perform their obligations and coordinate effectively with County actors. This also includes promotion of local industries and local supplies increasing standardizing procurement and purchasing power in the event of global county disruptions.
Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Yellow Mealworm Cultivated on Fruit Waste
Authors: Maria Tariq  , Naima Din  , Shamim Akhtar  , Misbah Ashraf  , Mian Muhammad Ahmed  , Sana Abbas  , Bashir Ahmed  , Muhammad Adeel  , Muhammad Anas Sarwar  , Mehboob Khan  , Ahmed Ali
Published: February 2025

Poultry meat is the inexpensive sources of protein for the humans. Poultry meat acceptability always depends on meat quality. Cereals, fishmeal, soybean are commonly used protein sources for Poultry Protein is major nutrient costing higher value compared to other ingredients. worms can be used as protein source because of limited resources. One such is the insect meal, which has come up as an alternative feed for poultry. This also improves the quality and taste of poultry meat which is desired by many people. The study involved rearing of fresh and dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) on fruit waste and their nutritional value will be analyzed. Mealworms are easy to breed and do not require large area for production. Therefore, yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal can serve as a dietary protein in meat type poultry. This is because larvae of Tenebrio molitor (mealworms) are highly nutritious, containing high levels of protein and lipids. Using fruit waste is better means for confronting with waste pollution because it is a cheap and excellent organic material. An essential aspect involves understanding the nutritional profile of mealworms raised on fruit waste, and subsequent tests are performed to comprehensively evaluate their characteristics. However, further research is needed to explore the possibility of using mealworms as an alternative protein source to soybean, potentially reducing feed costs without compromising bird performance. T. molitor larvae show promise as a poultry protein source, but challenges include toxin mitigation, consumer acceptance, and pricing. Careful consideration of nutrition, biosafety, and market factors is needed for widespread adoption.
Comparison of Skin Stapling Devices and Conventional Skin Closure Following General Surgical Procedures
Authors: Affifa Liaquat  , Ahmed Siddique Ammar  , Abdul Hannan  , Maham Ghaffar  , Azwa Janjua
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Wound closure is a critical aspect of surgical procedures, impacting healing, infection rates, and patient recovery. Skin stapling and conventional suturing are commonly used techniques, each with distinct advantages and limitations. This study aims to compare these methods in terms of closure time, postoperative pain, and surgical site infection rates to provide evidence-based guidance for optimal wound closure practices. Methodology: The study, conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from July 3, 2024, to January 2, 2025, included 120 patients undergoing general surgical procedures. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A (stapling, n=60) and Group B (sutures, n=60). Standardized preoperative and intraoperative protocols were followed, and data on closure time, pain scores, and surgical site infections (SSI) were collected. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, with chi-square and t-tests to compare outcomes. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The study demonstrated significant differences in outcomes between the two groups. Skin stapling (Group-A) resulted in a significantly shorter closure time (4.62 ± 1.10 minutes) compared to conventional suturing (Group-B) (11.57 ± 2.06 minutes, p=0.001), indicating greater efficiency with stapling. However, stapling was associated with a higher rate of surgical site infections (26.7% vs. 11.7%, p=0.037), suggesting an increased risk of complications. Additionally, patients in the stapling group reported lower pain scores (3.55 ± 0.80) compared to the suturing group (5.02 ± 0.58, p=0.001). Conclusion: Skin stapling provides faster closure and reduced pain but is associated with a higher risk of surgical site infections compared to conventional suturing. Careful consideration is required to balance efficiency and patient safety when choosing the closure method.
QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGI TEXNIKASI DETALLARINI SEMENTATSIYALASH TEXNOLOGIYALARI VA ULARNING AHAMIYATINI O‘RGANISH
Authors: Tursunboyeva Shahnoza Husniddinqizi , Norxudjayev Fayzulla Ramazonovich
Published: February 2025

Today, increasing the service life and strengthening of friction parts of agricultural machinery is one of the most important issues in the world. Increasing the strengthening and abrasion resistance of parts allows for extending the service life of the equipment and significantly reducing costs. Cementation of agricultural machinery parts is an effective method for solving these problems. Cementation is carried out to increase the hardness of the working surfaces of agricultural machinery and, at the same time, maintain the impact resistance of the internal part. This article analyzes cementation technologies used to improve the service life and quality of agricultural machinery parts. Various methods of cementation, their influence on mechanical properties, advantages of technological processes, and research results are presented. The positive impact of this process on the efficiency of agricultural machinery is also highlighted.
New Perspectives on Western Australian Seagrass and Macroalgal Biogeography
Authors: WALKER DIANA , HUISMAN JOHN M , KILMINSTER KIERYN , KUO JOHN
Published: February 2025

The widespread adoption of new methodologies, especially molecular techniques, has dramatically changed our understanding of how species of seagrasses and macroalgae are classified and distributed. One consequence of this new paradigm is increased uncertainty regarding biogeographic studies based on pre-molecular species records. The question “how does one delineate an individual species?” has changed and differing interpretations may alter how previous assessments are viewed. In some instances, specimens previously regarded as a single species have been shown to represent multiple genetic lineages. An extreme example is that of the red alga Portiera hornemannii, now thought to include 21 cryptic species in the Philippines alone, and possibly up to 96 species in the wider Indo-Pacific. Reworking and reclassification of species based on DNA analyses have sunk many species into one, or combined or reorganized genera. These changes in taxonomic concepts have implications for conservation and biogeographical assessments, but our understanding of many groups is still in its infancy and requires further work. In order to address these mounting challenges, significant investment and a commitment to taxonomic research will be required in the coming decades.
The Quest for Alfred Russel Wallace’s House on Ternate, Maluku Islands, Indonesia
Authors: WHINCUP PAUL
Published: February 2025

Wallace penned his famous essay on the theory of evolution through natural selection while based in Ternate and sent it to Charles Darwin in March 1858 from the house he rented there. Although two houses have at various times been designated by the City of Ternate as the official site of the Wallace House, the first, a traditional house, meets none of the criteria in the descriptions given by Wallace in his book The Malay Archipelago including the presence of a deep well. The second site, where the original house had been demolished long ago, fails in one key aspect—the presence of a fort just below it. Even if Wallace’s House no longer exists, it is likely that the deep well he described, or remnants of it, would remain thereby allowing the site to be identified with some precision. A hydrogeological census in the general area described by Wallace found several old, deep wells and showed that one site closely matched all of the criteria he mentioned. This is named the Oranje Site and has been formally adopted by the City as the true location of the Wallace House. The City plans to purchase the site and build a replica of the house for use as a museum.
Frequency of hypothyroidism in children with Celiac disease: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Waseem , Nadeem Muhammad Tariq , Naz Sadia , Ikram Farooq , Akram Abdullah , Samad Abdul , Raisani Sher Afgan
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with celiac disease (CD).
Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from 1st Sep 2023 to 30 Nov 2024. The study included 196 children aged 2–12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). Diagnosis was established through elevated serological markers, including anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies and anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA), along with histopathological confirmation of CD when available. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS v.26 and P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The majority among the study sample were aged 6–10 years (42.9%) and female (52%). Nutritional status revealed 41.8% were underweight, 46.9% had a normal BMI, and 11.2% were overweight/obese. The disease duration varied, with 44.9% having CD for 1–3 years. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 21%, with younger children (1–5 years) showing a higher prevalence (40.9%) compared to older age groups (p = 0.048). Underweight children had a higher likelihood of hypothyroidism (50.0%) compared to those with normal or overweight BMI (p = 0.012). A family history of thyroid disease was significantly associated with hypothyroidism (p = 0.014). However, no significant associations were found with gender, CD duration, dietary adherence, or comorbidities (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings indicate a notable prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with CD, emphasizing the need for routine thyroid screening in this population. Early diagnosis and strict dietary adherence may reduce the risk of thyroid-related complications. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and to develop localized management strategies.
Obtención de combustibles sintéticos a partir de residuos de polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE) Mediante Simulación en Aspen Plus ®
Authors: Mercado Condori Grover , Santamaria Vasquez Grisel
Published: February 2025

The recycling of plastics, especially high-density polyethylene (HDPE), has gained relevance due to its environmental impact. Pyrolysis, a thermal decomposition process, is emerging as a viable solution to convert this waste into synthetic fuels, thereby reducing the accumulation of plastics. The objective of this study is to simulate, using Aspen Plus®, the pyrolysis process of HDPE to obtain synthetic fuels. Aspen Plus® software was used to model and simulate optimal pyrolysis conditions, analyzing parameters such as temperature and residence time. The results show that, under specific conditions, the process can generate products with properties similar to conventional fuels. The conclusions highlight the potential of pyrolysis as an alternative for the recovery of plastic waste and its applicability in the production of renewable fuels, contributing to environmental sustainability.
Développement d’un dispositif participatif pour encadrer l’intégration pédagogique du numérique en contexte d’enseignement privé au secondaire
Authors: Taschereau Justin
Published: February 2025

Notre article traite du développement d’un dispositif participatif visant à implanter une démarche de consultation et de délibération sur l’intégration pédagogique du numérique en enseignement privé au secondaire. Nous abordons la disparité d’intégration du numérique, aggravée par un manque de consultation des personnes enseignantes (UNESCO, 2023) et le besoin d’adopter une vision commune du numérique (CSÉ, 2020). Nous présentons les démocraties technique, participative et délibérative (Gaudillière et Bonneuil, 2001; Langelier, 2013; Ruano-Barbolan, 2018) pour guider le développement de notre prototype par la mise en oeuvre d’une recherche-développement (Bergeron et al., 2021). L’objectif était de créer une démarche visant à élaborer une politique d’intégration pédagogique du numérique. Le prototype, bien que validé par un comité d’expert·es, présente des lacunes quant à l’encadrement de la participation et de la non-participation. Une mise à l’essai (Harvey et Loiselle, 2009) permettrait de cibler les conditions favorables à l’implantation du produit développé.
Opioid-sparing Strategies in Perioperative Pain Management: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Faraaz
Published: February 2025

Background: The global opioid epidemic has highlighted the need for safer perioperative pain management strategies to reduce opioid consumption and its associated complications. Opioid-sparing techniques, encompassing multimodal analgesia, regional anesthesia, and non-pharmacological interventions, provide effective pain control while minimizing the risks of addiction, overdose, and adverse effects such as respiratory depression and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
Objectives: This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on opioid-sparing techniques, evaluate their efficacy in perioperative pain management, and identify challenges and future directions for their implementation.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted using evidence from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies to examine pharmacological, regional, and non-pharmacological strategies. The barriers to implementation and emerging innovations in pain management were also explored.
Findings: Multimodal analgesia, incorporating NSAIDs, acetaminophen, NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., ketamine), alpha-2 agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine), lidocaine infusions, and gabapentinoids, effectively reduces pain and opioid consumption across various surgical contexts. Regional anesthesia techniques, such as neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks, enhance pain relief and recovery outcomes while minimizing systemic opioid use. Non-pharmacological interventions, including TENS, acupuncture, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), further support opioid-sparing strategies by addressing pain through alternative mechanisms.
Despite their proven benefits, barriers such as resource limitations, knowledge gaps among clinicians, and variability in patient responses hinder their widespread adoption. Education, policy reform, and technological innovations, such as digital pain management tools and artificial intelligence (AI), are critical for overcoming these challenges.
Conclusion: Opioid-sparing strategies represent a fundamental change in perioperative care, improving pain management outcomes while mitigating the risks associated with opioid use. Interdisciplinary collaboration between anesthesiologists, surgeons, and policymakers is essential to expanding the adoption of these techniques, fostering safer and more effective perioperative pain management practices.
Blockchain-based System for Secure Generation and Certification of Bank Cheques
Authors: Bello Abdou Wahidi , Djara Tahirou , Ceci Mohamed Salim Sidi
Published: February 2025

Cheques are a means of payment. It is a vehicle for so-called scriptural money. Because of its cashless nature, cheques are subject to shortcomings in terms of both security and ease of use. This article presents a system for dematerialising cheques, facilitating their certification and tracking through the use of revolutionary web3 technologies such as blockchain, interplanetary file systems and decentralised applications. The system relies on the Ethereum blockchain, whose Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism guarantees the security and integrity of transactions through decentralized block validation. Until now, issuing a cheque has required the physical contribution and presence of both the drawer and the bearer. We enable the drawer to digitally issue and manage a cheque, as well as the possibility of designating the bearer or not.  For the account manager, the possibility of better satisfying the customer's needs by optimising processing time and automating tasks that do not require his or her involvement. The system also optimises processing time and eliminates the risks associated with physical cheques, offering a more secure and efficient alternative. All these operations, of course, take place in a secure environment, a security offered by the blockchain with its use of cryptography and decentralised file system.
The Combined Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Arsenic Doses on Oxidative Stress of Leuceana leucocephala in Nursery
Authors: Raj Anupama , BP Chamola , Singh Deepali
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of high levels of arsenic in soil, on L. leucocephala seedlings in nursery, an important small tree for forage and fodder purpose. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) can shield host plants from the toxicity of arsenic (As). However, there is currently little known about how woody legumes react to As stress. Antioxidants activity to oxidative stress were evaluated in Leuceana leucocephala subjected to various doses of arsenic toxicity and also inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in order to evaluate its effect on protection against oxidative stress and its tolerance after mycorrhizal inoculation. In order to evaluate this, MDA, H2O2, APX, CAT, GPX and GR. Exogenous application of arsenic results in negative effect on growth by increasing the production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). While inoculation with Mycorrhizal fungi an enhancement in growth and other characters were noticed. This suggests that the use of these stress-relieving substances (AMF) may have reduced oxidative stress in As-stressed L. leucocephala seedlings. Accumulation of arsenic and phosphorus was increased by AMF inoculation in Root of seedlings.
The Prevalence of Candida albican in Garri Sold in Ozoro
Authors: O. Ukolobi , A.E Aphiar , J.O. Orogu , U.B. Okobia , E.M. Eze
Published: February 2025

Garri is a fermented cassava product consumed as a staple food in most parts of West African. The prevalence of Candida albican in garri sold in ozoro was carried out to characterize predominant fungi associated with garri. Ten (10) different samples of garri were periodically bought from Ozoro central markets. The samples were labeled sample A-J. A total of three (3) fungi species were isolated from the test samples: Aspergillus spp., C andida albican, and Mould. The total heterotrophic plate count ranges from 2.4x103cfu/ml to3.2x103cfu/ml. Candida albican have the highest percentage occurrence of 62.5%, while Mould species have the least percentage occurrence of 12.5%. The pH of the samples ranged from 6.0 to 6.2. The occurrence of Aspergillus spp, mould and Candida albican indicates a strong likely hood of cross contamination between handling and utensils used during the garri fermentation or production processes of the exterior region.
Digital Amnesia in Indonesia Generation Z on Instagram Advertisement Information Absorption
Authors: Prasetyo Jeanne , Tjahyana Lady Joanne , Goenawan Felicia
Published: February 2025

Digital Amnesia is the experience of forgetting information that you trust a digital device to store and remember for you. The researcher uses four indicators of digital amnesia: remember without looking up, emotional impact of losing data or access to data, behavior related to internet searches, and install IT securities on devices. This research will find out the level of digital amnesia in Indonesia Generation Z on Instagram advertisement information absorption. The research is using quantitative descriptive approach and online survey method. The questionnaire was distributed to 100 respondents using purposive sampling method. The theories used by the researcher include the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) theory, Marketing Public Relations theory, Digital Amnesia theory and Consumer Behavior theory. The research shows that Generation Z experiences digital amnesia the most when they see Story Ads, and the least when they see Reels Ads. This is supported by the data showing that Generation Z is categorized as having high levels in all four indicators (remember without looking up, emotional impact of losing data, behavior related to internet searches, and install IT security on devices).
Methotrexate Use and Risk of Interstitial Lung Disease in Dermatomyositis
Authors: Shah Jill T. , Richardson William Mark , Mittal Lavanya , Castillo Rochelle , Mazori Daniel R. , Caplan Avrom S. , Femia Alisa N.
Published: May 2024

This cohort study examines the association between methotrexate use and interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis.
Strength Increase of Alumina Foams by a Sodium Aluminosilicate Glass Coating with Subsequent Na+ ↔ K+ Ion Exchange (Gorilla Glass Coating)
Authors: Betke Ulf , Zander Phillip Viet Duc , Scheffler Michael
Published: April 2024

Reticulated alumina ceramic foams manufactured by the Schwartzwalder technique are coated with a sodium aluminosilicate glass using an aqueous precursor containing alumina particles and sodium silicate. After a heat treatment, a well‐adhering glass layer with a thickness between 10 and 120 μm is obtained. Besides the strut surface, the glass phase also penetrates the hollow strut cavities as well as strut cracks. The total porosity of the glass‐coated foams is between 88% and 90%, and the open cellular structure is not negatively affected by the glass coating. The compressive strength increases by a factor of two under consideration of the decrease in total porosity; a compressive strength in the order of magnitude of 2 MPa is feasible. An ion exchange of Na+ by K+ into the glass coating layer (chemical strengthening) is successfully demonstrated, but does not result in an additional improvement of the compressive strength.
Transient, Image‐Guided Gel‐Dissection for Percutaneous Thermal Ablation
Authors: Liu Kathy , Russo Mario , Ellis Joshua S. , Capua John Di , Wu Dufan , Smolinski‐Zhao Sara , Kalva Sanjeeva , Arellano Ronald S. , Irani Zubin , Uppot Raul , Linderman Stephen W. , Gupta Rajiv , Aizenberg Joanna , Srinivasan Shriya , Som Avik
Published: April 2024

Image‐guided tumor ablative therapies are mainstay cancer treatment options but often require intra‐procedural protective tissue displacement to reduce the risk of collateral damage to neighboring organs. Standard of care strategies, such as hydrodissection (fluidic injection), are limited by rapid diffusion of fluid and poor retention time, risking injury to adjacent organs, increasing cancer recurrence rates from incomplete tumor ablations, and limiting patient qualification. Herein, a “gel‐dissection” technique is developed, leveraging injectable hydrogels for longer‐lasting, shapeable, and transient tissue separation to empower clinicans with improved ablation operation windows and greater control. A rheological model is designed to understand and tune gel‐dissection parameters. In swine models, gel‐dissection achieves 24 times longer‐lasting tissue separation dynamics compared to saline, with 40% less injected volume. Gel‐dissection achieves anti‐dependent dissection between free‐floating organs in the peritoneal cavity and clinically significant thermal protection, with the potential to expand minimally invasive therapeutic techniques, especially across locoregional therapies including radiation, cryoablation, endoscopy, and surgery.
Bioinspired Flexible Hydrogelation with Programmable Properties for Tactile Sensing
Authors: Wang Yunxiao , Geng Qiang , Lyu Hao , Sun Wuxuepeng , Fan Xinyuan , Ma Kang , Wu Kai , Wang Jinhe , Wang Yancheng , Mei Deqing , Guo Chengchen , Xiu Peng , Pan Dingyi , Tao Kai
Published: April 2024

Tactile sensing requires integrated detection platforms with distributed and highly sensitive haptic sensing capabilities along with biocompatibility, aiming to replicate the physiological functions of the human skin and empower industrial robotic and prosthetic wearers to detect tactile information. In this regard, short peptide‐based self‐assembled hydrogels show promising potential to act as bioinspired supramolecular substrates for developing tactile sensors showing biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the intrinsic difficulty to modulate the mechanical properties severely restricts their extensive employment. Herein, by controlling the self‐assembly of 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐modifid diphenylalanine (Fmoc‐FF) through introduction of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), wider nanoribbons are achieved by untwisting from well‐established thinner nanofibers, and the mechanical properties of the supramolecular hydrogels can be enhanced 10‐fold, supplying bioinspired supramolecular encapsulating substrate for tactile sensing. Furthermore, by doping with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐modifid 3,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine (Fmoc‐DOPA), the Fmoc‐FF self‐assembled hydrogels can be engineered to be conductive and adhesive, providing bioinspired sensing units and adhesive layer for tactile sensing applications. Therefore, the integration of these modules results in peptide hydrogelation‐based tactile sensors, showing high sensitivity and sustainable responses with intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability. The findings establish the feasibility of developing programmable peptide self‐assembly with adjustable features for tactile sensing applications.
Fluorinated Organic Polymers for Cancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Xin Jingrui , Lu Xue , Cao Jimin , Wu Weihui , Liu Qian , Wang Deping , Zhou Xin , Ding Dan
Published: April 2024

In the realm of cancer therapy, the spotlight is on nanoscale pharmaceutical delivery systems, especially polymer‐based nanoparticles, for their enhanced drug dissolution, extended presence in the bloodstream, and precision targeting achieved via surface engineering. Leveraging the amplified permeation and retention phenomenon, these systems concentrate therapeutic agents within tumor tissues. Nonetheless, the hurdles of systemic toxicity, biological barriers, and compatibility with living systems persist. Fluorinated polymers, distinguished by their chemical idiosyncrasies, are poised for extensive biomedical applications, notably in stabilizing drug metabolism, augmenting lipophilicity, and optimizing bioavailability. Material science heralds the advent of fluorinated polymers that, by integrating fluorine atoms, unveil a suite of drug delivery merits: the hydrophobic traits of fluorinated alkyl chains ward off lipid or protein disruption, the carbon–fluorine bond's stability extends the drug's lifecycle in the system, and a lower alkalinity coupled with a diminished ionic charge bolsters the drug's ability to traverse cellular membranes. This comprehensive review delves into the utilization of fluorinated polymers for oncological pharmacotherapy, elucidating their molecular architecture, synthetic pathways, and functional attributes, alongside an exploration of their empirical strengths and the quandaries they encounter in both experimental and clinical settings.
Dual‐Function Electrolyte Additive Design for Long Life Alkaline Zinc Flow Batteries
Authors: Ling Rene , Zhu Zixuan , Peng Kang , Fang Junkai , Zou Wenhao , Li Qixuan , Liu Yulin , Zhu Qinshan , Lin Ning , Xu Tongwen , Yang Zhengjin
Published: April 2024

Alkaline zinc‐based flow batteries (AZFBs) have emerged as a promising electrochemical energy storage technology owing to Zn abundance, high safety, and low cost. However, zinc dendrite growth and the formation of dead zinc greatly impede the development of AZFBs. Herein, a dual‐function electrolyte additive strategy is proposed to regulate zinc nucleation and mitigate the hydroxide corrosion of zinc depositions for stable AZFBs. This strategy, as exemplified by urea, introduces an electrolyte additive to coordinate with Zn2+/Zn with proper strength, slowing zinc deposition kinetics to induce uniform nucleation and protecting the deposited zinc surface from attack by hydroxide ions through preferable adsorption. The zincate complexes with urea are identified to be Zn(OH)2(urea)(H2O)2 and Zn2(OH)4(H2O)4(urea), which exhibit slow zinc deposition kinetics, allowing instantaneous nucleation. Calculation results reveal an additional energy barrier of 1.29 eV for the subsequent adsorption of an OH− group when a urea molecule absorbs on the zinc cluster, significantly mitigating the formation of dead zinc. Consequently, prolonged cell cycling of the prototype alkaline zinc‐iron flow battery demonstrates stable operation for over 130 h and an average coulombic efficiency of 98.5%. It is anticipated that this electrolyte additive strategy will pave the way for developing highly stable AZFBs.
UV to NIR Broadband Flexible Photodetector Based on Solution‐Processed MoS2/PDPP3T Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Heterostructures
Authors: Tang Daxiu , Du Zhenyu , Xie Ying , Zhao Feiyu , Yang Xiangdong , Gu Chenjie , Shen Xiang
Published: April 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a 2D material with excellent electrical and optical properties, and developing a universal technology for the preparation of high‐performance MoS2‐based photodetector is extremely desirable. Here, a UV to NIR broadband flexible photodetector based on MoS2/(PDPP3T) inorganic–organic hybrid heterostructures is reported. In the experiment, high crystalline 2H‐phase few‐layer MoS2 nanoflakes are first prepared by optimized electrochemical intercalation of tetraheptylammonium cation (THA+) and ultrasound‐assisted exfoliation strategy. Thereafter, a narrow bandgap organic semiconductor PDPP3T is introduced to construct the MoS2/Poly(diketopyrrolopyrrolothiophrn) (PDPP3T) heterojunction. Experimental results reveal that the photodetector can have broadband photo response from 380 to 980 nm. Meanwhile, excellent responsivities and detectivity of 12.4 mA W−1, 2.2 × 1010 Jones at 380 nm and 0.1 mA W−1 and 5 × 108 Jones at 980 nm are achieved, which are ≈10 (UV band)/100 (NIR band) times high than that obtained on the pure MoS2‐based detector. Moreover, the flexibility of the device is investigated by conformal covering the device on a curved surface (R = 5 and 2.5 mm), it shows that the photo response remains almost the same as that measured on the planar substrate, indicating the possible application in the wearable electronics.
Boron Removal Using Spherulitic Polyamide Organic–Inorganic Thin‐Film Nanocomposite Desalination Membranes
Authors: Ee Liang Ying , Chia Sean Yi Rong , Li Sam Fong Yau
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the development of ultrathin polyamide (PA) desalination membranes via electrospray fabrication, balancing the trade‐offs between selectivity and permeability. The unique contribution to the improvement of desalination performance is the integration of protonated montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT‐H+) and hyperbranched amino‐polyol cellulose nanocrystals (APCNC) as co‐nanofillers during the in situ interfacial polymerization process. Synergistic effect of the nanofillers is demonstrated in the resultant spherulitic PA thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane, achieving salt rejection of up to 99.7% against simulated brackish water. Moreover, the membrane's superior boron removal efficiency at neutral pH, observed at 76.7% in a single‐stage desalination process, is attributed to the reduced membrane pore size, disruption of water‐boron association by the spherulites, and complexation and electrostatic interaction with the abundant hydroxyl and amine groups along the APCNC polymeric chains. This process eliminates the need for pH adjustment, thereby enhancing the membrane's practicality and efficiency. The findings of this study provide significant insights into the interactions between boron and the membrane surface, laying the groundwork for the development of effective TFN desalination membranes for water purification and boron removal. The implication of these findings extends beyond academic interest, offering a promising strategy for addressing the global water scarcity crisis.
An experimental and computational studies, evaluating the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, in silico prediction ADMET properties of 5‐chloro‐1H‐benzimidazole and its newly synthesized silver(I) complex
Authors: Kucuk Ceyhun , Celik Sibel , Yurdakul Senay , Coteli Ebru
Published: April 2024

In this research, a new Ag(I) complex, namely, [Ag(5‐chloro‐1H‐benzimidazole)2(NO3)], has been synthesized using the benzimidazole‐based ligand 5‐chloro‐1H‐benzimidazole (5ClBZ). Ag(I) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, and1H NMR spectroscopy, and DFT analysis was used. The free ligand and its Ag(I) complexes were tried for their biochemical properties, including antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. To study the molecular structures of the title compounds, in silico ADME/Tox research was performed on the newly made complex and free ligand. The empirical guidelines relating to ADME were utilized to conduct molecular docking simulations and in‐depth drug‐likeness profiling. This was carried out to validate the conclusions and identify exact binding interactions. Based on the study's findings, it has been determined that these new compounds have significant potential as powerful therapeutic agents for controlling antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
Constructing S‐scheme heterojunctions with tunable interfacial oxygen vacancy via UiO‐66‐NH2‐derived ZrO2‐x for efficient photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Pei , Han Gaiying , Wang Zhaoyang , Yu Haitao , Li Zhenzi , Wang Xuepeng , Xie Ying , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2024

Defects engineering is significant for photocatalytic environment remediation. To this end, visible‐light‐driven α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐x S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with optimal oxygen vacancy (Ov) defects are successfully synthesized via a two‐step method. Compared with pristine UiO‐66‐NH2‐derived ZrO2‐x and α‐Fe2O3, the heterojunction photocatalysts exhibit a wider range of visible light response and higher efficiency in separating photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Among them, the 5% α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐x sample shows the best photocatalytic performance to the degradation of tetracycline (TC) (89.3%), in which the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic rate constants are 8.20 and 16.75 times that of pristine ZrO2‐x and α‐Fe2O3, respectively. The outstanding photocatalytic degradation efficiency can be attributed to both the narrow‐bandgap ZrO2‐x with visible light response and the formation of α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐x S‐scheme heterojunctions. During the formation of heterojunctions, the concentration of oxygen vacancies (Ov) at the interface of α‐Fe2O3/ZrO2‐xdecreases monotonically with the increasing loading of α‐Fe2O3, thereby altering the electronic structure of the photocatalyst and forming the heterojunction firmly. In addition, the high stability implies the potential applications in fields of environment.
In situ impregnation of cobalt‐doped tungstophosphoric acid on MOF‐801 toward enhanced catalytic activity for esterification
Authors: Zhang Qiuyun , Hu Mengmeng , Chen Fan , Lei Jiao , Cheng Jingsong , Ma Juan , Zhao Yongting , Zhang Yutao
Published: April 2024

Development of an energy‐efficient and economical route is necessary for society to synthesize green biofuels. Herein, cobalt‐doped tungstophosphoric acid (Co‐HPW) is in‐situ impregnated in the Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF‐801) forming composite of Co‐HPW/MOF‐801. The chemical composition, morphology, and acidic sites of the Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 composite were analyzed through x‐ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), N2 physisorption, ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), pyridine‐adsorbed infrared spectra (Py‐FTIR), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic performance of the as‐synthesized catalyst was explored to catalyze esterification of lauric acid (LA) with methanol. The outcomes revealed that the Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 nanocatalyst achieved a high conversion of 86.3% under the optimized reaction condition (catalyst amount of 0.15 g, temperature of 100°C, time of 4 h, and methanol/LA molar ratio of 20:1). The excellent catalytical performance is mainly due to the large BET surface area, exposure of more active centers from available pore structure, and simultaneous possession of high Lewis and Brønsted acidity. Furthermore, the kinetic study revealed that the reaction process was kinetically controlled and the activation energy was found to be 42.1 kJ/mol. The results suggest that the synthesized Co‐HPW/MOF‐801 nanocatalyst is an environmental greenness, low cost, and suitable for easy scale‐up for the production of biofuels.
Limonoids isolated from Chisocheton ceramicus Miq. and the antiadipogenic mechanism of action of ceramicine B
Authors: Bailly Christian
Published: April 2024

Different types of limonoids have been isolated from plants of the Chisocheton genus, notably from the species Chisocheton ceramicus Miq. which is largely distributed in the Indonesian archipelago and Malaysia region. A variety of natural products have been found in the bark of the tree and characterized as antimicrobial and/or antiproliferative agents. The isolated limonoids include chisomicines A–E, proceranolide, and a few other compounds. A focus is made on a large series of limonoids designated ceramicines A to Z including derivatives with antiparasitic activities, antioxidant, antimelanogenic, and antiproliferative effects and/or acting as regulators of lipogenesis. The lead compound in the series is ceramicine B functioning as a potent inhibitor of lipid droplet accumulation (LDA). Extracts from Chisocheton ceramicus and ceramicines have shown anti‐LDA effects, with little or no cytotoxic effects. Ceramicine B is the most active compound functioning as a regulator of lipid storage in cells and tissues. Ceramicine B is a transcriptional repressor of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and an inhibitor of phosphorylation of the transcription factor FoxO1, acting via an upstream molecular target. Targeting of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β is proposed, based on the analogy with structurally related limonoids known to target this enzyme, and supported by a molecular docking analysis. The target and pathway implicated in ceramicine B activity are discussed. The analysis shed light on ceramicine B as a natural product precursor for the design of novel compounds capable of reducing LDA in cells and of potential interest for the treatment of obesity, liver diseases, and other pathologies.