bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Çocuk Yoksulluğu ve Çocuk İşçiliğinin Önlenmesinde Sosyal Korumanın Rolü
Authors: KALAYCI Cemalettin , KARADENİZ Meltem
Published: August 2023

Çocuk yoksulluğu ve çocuk işçiliği küresel düzeyde çözüm aranan temel sorunlardan olup, kökeninde yoksulluk sorunu olduğu görülmektedir. Hanehalkının içinde bulunduğu maddi imkânsızlıklar çocukların kötü, ağır, tehlikeli koşullar altında çalışmalarına neden olmaktadır. Çocukların bu şartlarda çalışması zihinsel, fiziksel, ruhsal gelişimlerini olumsuz etkilemekte, gelecekte elde edebilecekleri potansiyel beceri ve donanıma kavuşmalarını engellemektedir. Bu nedenle çocukların sağlıklı bir şekilde kişisel gelişimlerini sağlamalarına yardımcı olmak için küresel düzeyde çocuk yoksulluğunu ve çocuk işçiliğini önleyici politikalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çocuk yoksulluğu ve çocuk işçiliğinin önlenmesi öncelikle yoksulluğun azaltılması stratejileri geliştirilerek yoksullukla mücadeleden geçmektedir. Ülkeden ülkeye farklılık göstermekle birlikte çocuk yoksulluğu ve çocuk işçiliğine ilişkin veriler arzulananın çok uzağındadır. Bu kapsamda istenilen hedeflere ulaşılabilmesi için sosyal koruma programlarının arttırılarak, sosyal koruma sistemlerinin genişletilmesi gerekmektedir.
Türkiye’nin Tarımsal Ürün Deseninin Batı ve Orta Anadolu Özelinde Analizi
Authors: ÖZEKAN Damla , MUMCU AKAN Dilara
Published: August 2023

Tarımsal ürün deseni, belirli bir coğrafi bölgede üretilen tarımsal ürünlerin çeşitlilik ve dağılımını ifade eden bir terimdir. Bu desen, tarım sektöründe üretimin yapıldığı alanlarda, bitki yetiştiriciliği ve hayvancılık gibi faaliyetlerin hangi ürünler üzerine odaklandığını ve bu ürünlerin hangi bölgelerde yoğunlaştığını belirlemek için kullanılır. Tarım deseni; gıda güvenliği, ekonomik kalkınma, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, iklim değişikliği, kırsal kalkınma ve toplumsal refah gibi bir çok konu açısından son derece önem taşımaktadır. Tarım, Türkiye ekonomisi açısından oldukça büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin tarımsal ürün deseninin Batı ve Orta Anadolu Bölgeleri özelinde analizini yapmaktır. Bu bölgelerin seçilme nedeni, Türkiye’nin bölgeleri arasında en geniş tarımsal alana sahip bölgeler olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada öncelikle tarımsal ürün deseninin tanımı yapılarak önemli olma nedenleri üzerinde durulmuş, ardından Batı ve Orta Anadolu Bölgeleri’nin, alt bölgeleriyle birlikte tarımsal ürün desenleri incelenmiş ve 1995-2020 yılları arasındaki değişimler saptanmaya çalışılmıştır.
A large quantitative analysis of written language challenges the idea that all languages are equally complex
Authors: Koplenig Alexander , Wolfer Sascha , Meyer Peter
Published: August 2023

One of the fundamental questions about human language is whether all languages are equally complex. Here, we approach this question from an information-theoretic perspective. We present a large scale quantitative cross-linguistic analysis of written language by training a language model on more than 6,500 different documents as represented in 41 multilingual text collections consisting of ~3.5 billion words or ~9.0 billion characters and covering 2,069 different languages that are spoken as a native language by more than 90% of the world population. We statistically infer the entropy of each language model as an index of what we call average prediction complexity. We compare complexity rankings across corpora and show that a language that tends to be more complex than another language in one corpus also tends to be more complex in another corpus. In addition, we show that speaker population size predicts entropy. We argue that both results constitute evidence against the equi-complexity hypothesis from an information-theoretic perspective.
Molecular Anchoring of Free Solvents for High-Voltage and High-Safety Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ren Xiaodi , Cui Zhuangzhuang , Jia Zhuangzhuang , Ruan Digen , Nian Qingshun , Fan Jiajia , Chen Shunqiang , He Zixu , Wang Dazhuang , Jiang Jinyu , Ma Jun , Ou Xing , Jiao Shuhong , Wang Qingsong
Published: August 2023

Constraining the electrochemical reactivity of free solvent molecules is pivotal for developing high-voltage lithium (Li) metal batteries, especially for ether solvents with high Li metal compatibility but low oxidation stability (<4.0 V vs Li+/Li). The typical high concentration electrolyte approach relies on nearly saturated Li+ coordination to ether molecules, which is confronted with severe side reactions under high voltages (>4.4 V) and extensive exothermic reactions between Li metal and reactive anions. Herein, we propose a molecular anchoring approach to restrict the interfacial reactivity of free ether solvents in diluted electrolytes. The hydrogen-bonding interactions from the anchor solvent effectively suppress excessive ether side reactions and increases the electrolyte oxidation onset potential beyond 4.7 V, despite the extremely low Li+/ether molar ratio (1:9). This molecular anchoring dilute electrolyte (MADE) design greatly enhances the cycling performance of 4.7 V-class Li metal batteries with nickel-rich cathodes, while not depending on the typical anion-derived interphase. Furthermore, the exothermic processes under thermal abuse conditions are mitigated due to the reduced reactivity of anions compared to those in concentrated electrolytes, which effectively postpones the thermal runaway of Li metal batteries. This work provides new insights into modulating molecular interactions for rational electrolyte design and a generic strategy for developing high-voltage and high-safety Li metal batteries.
Separating the relevant from the irrelevant: Factors influencing L1 student teachers’ ability to discern (ir)relevant arguments in time-pressured grammatical discussions
Authors: Banga Arina , Van Rijt Jimmy H.M.
Published: August 2023

Identifying relevant information and evaluating evidence are considered characteristics of critical thinking. These skills are important for language teachers, for example in evaluating pupils’ grammatical reasoning in the context of grammar education. Therefore, the current study has examined whether Dutch language student teachers (N=298) in different educational tracks (Bachelor full-time, Bachelor part-time and Master) are able to distinguish relevant arguments from irrelevant (or incorrect) ones in two grammatical discussions. Results indicate that student teachers are better at evaluating relevant arguments in grammatical discussions than they are at evaluating irrelevant arguments. Multilevel analyses show that the factors partly explaining the Relevant Argument score are students’ education and their Need for Cognition. The factors that partly explain the Irrelevant Argument score on the other hand are the perceived difficulty of the task, and strikingly, age. The paper discusses explanations for these findings, as well as practical implications for teacher education.
Fuel consumption of a wheel loader with power reflux hydraulic transmission system
Authors: Wang Huan , Ge Shuaishuai , Guo Dong , Jiang Yanjun
Published: August 2023

The world is facing a limited supply of fossil fuel resources and stringent environmental constraints. Therefore, it is very important to develop advanced technologies to improve vehicle fuel economy, especially for construction vehicles, which have large engine displacements and poor emission characteristics. The majority of these vehicles use hydraulic mechanical transmission in the power train in order to improve maneuverability. However, a key issue on the hydraulic mechanical transmission is the low-efficiency torque converter. Focusing on this issue, we proposed the power reflux hydraulic transmission system (PRHTS), which is a new continuously variable transmission system. The PRHTS can improve the overall transmission efficiency of the power train by splitting the engine power into mechanical and hydraulic power. Therefore, the PRHTS is a valid solution to reduce the fuel consumption and subsequently decrease emissions from construction vehicles. In order to quantitatively study the effect of using the PRHTS on improving the fuel economy for construction vehicles, a wheel loader coupled with the PRHTS is modeled, and numerical simulation is conducted under the wheel loader driving condition. The simulation results show that the total fuel consumption of the wheel loader coupled with PRHTS is reduced by 3.39 % compared with that of the original wheel loader.
Development of shock absorber with quasi-zero stiffness effect to reduce dynamic effects on pump unit
Authors: Gareev Ainur , Valeev Anvar
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the improvement of the vibration isolation and shockproof properties of the shock absorber used in the vibration isolation compensator system of the pumping unit (PU). The set task is to create an elastic damping system with the desired low (quasi-zero) stiffness, which makes it possible to reduce the detrimental effect of pumping unit vibrations both on human health and on the equipment itself. High internal dynamic (vibration) loads are the main causes of early failure of pumping units, which are transmitted to the equipment through pipelines and foundations, mainly due to various operational factors. A promising trend in increasing the operating reliability and efficiency of pumping and power equipment is the use of a vibration-isolating compensator system (VICS). To obtain greater efficiency of vibration isolation, it is proposed to apply a modern method of vibration damping – the use of elastic mechanical systems with quasi-zero stiffness. The damping devices with a quasi-zero stiffness effect were studied. An assessment of the operability and effectiveness of these dampers at oil and gas facilities was given. Based on the information studied, a new concept of a quasi-zero stiffness damping device is proposed. The method of mathematical analysis determined its power curve. A 3D model of the damper device was built using a simulation software. The functional check of the damper was performed with mathematical modeling carried out on the computing device with the help of a specialized Ansys software that allows performing a system analysis of an object using the finite element method. The following results were obtained: the design of the damper with the effect of quasi-zero stiffness allows to widen the range of basement load transmission coefficient reduction towards low frequencies. The low rigidity of the system at the operating point ensures low values of the frequency of natural oscillations, and, consequently, high vibration isolation qualities.
Advancements in the Analytical Methods for Ripasudil Hydrochloride
Hydrate and Timolol Maleate: A Recently Approved FDC
Authors: Patel Khushbu , Kotadiya Rajendra
Published: August 2023

Fixed-dose Combinations (FDCs) combine two or more medications into a single dosage
form. Several benefits, including impending therapeutic efficacy, a decline in episodes of adverse
drug effects, pharmacokinetic advantages, a decrease in pill burden, a reduction in the dose of individual
medications, and a reduction in the emergence of drug resistance, justify their acceptance. For
the treatment of increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP) in adult patients with open-angle glaucoma or
ocular hypertension, an FDC eye drop formulation, including ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate
(0.4%W/V) and timolol maleate (0.5%W/V) has just received approval. No analytical method has
been reported thus far for this newly approved combination. Thus, this review collected and simplified
information on reported analytical techniques and physicochemical and biological properties for the
above-cited FDCs. The authors have explored various authenticated scientific journals and presented
simplified information to meet the objectives. In this study, the reported methods are spectroscopy
(nil, 23%), HPTLC (nil, 10%), HPLC (100%, 61%), hyphenated techniques (nil, 6%) and electrophoresis
methods (nil, 6%) for ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate and timolol maleate, respectively. Analysts
using such comprehensive data might develop a method for analyzing the recently approved FDCs.
Linkage among Two Satellite Cities: What makes People Move? (Case Study: Bogor Regency and Depok City)
Authors: Wijayanti Wawargita Permata , Machmud Sulthon Kamel , Subagiyo Aris
Published: August 2023

An interaction between cities around metropolitan system occurs due to the limitless of infrastructures, demand of goods-jobs, and others. This case occurs in Bogor Regency and Depok City, as secondary or satellite cities of Jabodetabekpunjur Area. Exchanges of people, goods, and infrastructures among those areas show essential elements of linkages, reflecting three of seven types of linkages. This research examines the factors that influence the linkage among Bogor Regency and Depok City. Besides, it also comprises a relationship between those influential factors and reason of each interaction. We used a factor analysis and cross-tabulation technique to answer those two research objectives. The results show that time, road, consumption and expenditure pattern, regular needs, and use of facilities are crucial factors influencing interaction among the areas. In addition, analysis also reflect that there is a high connection among distance and income to the linkages of the cities. With these findings, this research would contribute not only to enrich on-going discussion related to types of interaction among cities in metropolitan area, but also give empirical evidence about how the balance interaction among cities, which underlines sustainability of regional system occurs.
Social Capital and Community Participation in the Development of the Aquaculture Center in Soko Village-Indonesia
Authors: Aprilia Erlindah , Prayitno Gunawan , Usman Fadly , Biloshkurska Nataliia V. , Siankwilimba Enock , Simamba Habeenzu
Published: August 2023

Aquaculture fisheries are important in developing the national fisheries sector to improve and sustain the community’s welfare. Social capital becomes community support in dealing with various problems in fishery areas. This research aims to identify the relationship between social capital and community participation in implementing the development of Soko Village as an aquaculture center in Glagah District, Lamongan Regency. The population in this study were the heads of families (households) of cultivators, with a sample of 181 families. The analysis used is the structural equation model (SEM). The result shows that the social capital of the Soko Village community consists of trust, networks, and norms. The relationship between social capital and community participation in implementing the aquaculture center development program indicates a significant positive relationship between social capital and community participation.
Measuring Resilience of a Tourism Village Against Flash Flood Disaster
Authors: Usman Fadly , Hariyani Septiana , Kurniawan Eddi Basuki , Sari Indah Cahayaning
Published: August 2023

One of the most popular tourist destinations in East Java is Batu City, which had been visited by 2.4 million tourists in 2021 during the pandemic, regardless of the fact that 7.2 million tourists normally have visited the city annually before the outbreak. Flash floods that struck Batu City in November 2021 resulted in significant damage and losses which affected several tourism villages. The preparedness of Batu City for potential natural catastrophes was identified throughout this study. It is essential to think of both technological and non-technical ways as preventive measures before a tragedy arises, given how eager travelers are to visit Batu City. Several city-scale analyses are conducted, notably by doing spatial analysis with the use of GIS technology in order to understand land use and probable flow routes. A livelihood asset analysis was used as a methodological and indicator assessment of disaster preparedness in one of the Resilient Village (Destana). The findings indicate that land conversion in production and protected forest areas change into agricultural areas is one factor that triggers flash floods. After a ten-year decline, only 20% of the forest stands are left in hilly and steep terrain, with the rest being farmland and human settlements. Meanwhile, an assessment of the community preparedness in the Tourism Village reveals that the community has a strong capability in terms of financial, social, and natural capital.
The Relationship Between Community Characteristics and Urban Sprawl in Driyorejo Sub-District, Gresik Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Pahlevi Muhammad Reza , Dinanti Dian , Subagiyo Aris , Qomariyah Yuyun , Varo Joeli
Published: August 2023

The Driyorejo sub-district is a buffer zone for the city of Surabaya due to limited land for the development of residential areas. Many areas are built up due to the influence of the city of Surabaya and that can be called urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is a phenomenon of urban expansion marked by a city’s size increase due to population growth and a rapid urbanization rate, or the movement of people from rural to urban areas. A level of urban sprawl with a high one can be found in the Driyorejo Sub-District, one of the sub-districts in the southern Gresik Regency. This study uses a quantitative method that is analyzed using correlation analysis to determine the relationship that occurs between urban sprawl and the characteristics of the community in the study area. According to the study's findings, three villages have low levels of urban sprawl, four have medium levels, and four have high levels. The relationship between the typology's findings and the neighborhood's social makeup—including its level of education, economic situation, the welfare of its families, and the cost of land—will then be apparent. People with pre-prosperous family status frequently reside in villages with a tall typology of urban sprawl because of the strong correlation between urban sprawl and the Pra Prosperous family. Additionally, those in the agricultural industry are closely related to urban sprawl.  Theoretically, people working in agriculture are more likely to select the same location for their primary residence and employment.
The Economic Conditions of a 3D Tourism Village in the Application of Pro-poor Tourism and Social Capital
Authors: Putri Ike Karwinto , Sari Nindya , Fikriyah  , Hiddlestone-Mumford Jacqueline , Illingworth Juanita , Vieira Thiago Almeida
Published: August 2023

Kesatrian Village has received global attention for successfully changing the image of the slum area into one of the must-visit tourist destinations in Malang City. The application of the Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) concept to create Kampung Tridi saw village residents participate in tourism activities. This study examines the relationship between social capital and PPT tourism activities on poverty conditions. The analytical methods applied in this study include social network analysis (SNA) and descriptive analysis. PPT activities positively affect all aspects of people's lives. First, better community social capital is assumed to lead to better tourism management. Second, the relationship between social capital and tourism is directly proportional to the community's economic condition, in which more social capital generates better tourism activities, thereby reducing poverty in Kampung Tridi.
Impact of social media influencers on brand awareness: A study on college students of Kolkata
Authors: Dutta Jyoti , Bhattacharya Manali
Published: August 2023

Social networks have undoubtedly emerged as a powerful mode of communication in which their platforms allow people to set up a personal page or profile to which they could post updates regarding product/service reviews. This has led to the rise of human idols referred to as Social Media Influencers (SMIs) allegedly operating as ‘hidden persuader’ who informs, motivates, and persuades their audience. Influencer marketing is an indispensable aspect of contemporary life, often held as a creative and glamorous area, to create an impact on Generation Z and society in general. Social media is in vogue, enables real-time interaction, and has considerably impacted people's lives worldwide. Every day social media users are confronted with multiple products and services through unsolicited pop-ups, telemarketing, and streaming, which lead to impulse lead purchases. With its ubiquitous and networkable features, social media is popular among youth to share and interact in a virtual environment. This study aims to examine how brand awareness and social media influencers affect the consumers' intention to purchase. Brand awareness reached by influencer appeal is positive and growing faster than digital advertising an insignificant influence on purchase decisions among college students of Kolkata. The findings of this study confirmed the widespread beliefs that media social influencers have a real and favorable influence on raising brand awareness; however, leveraging social media influencers to affect brand recall and awareness did not have a significant impact.
Climate change communication in India: A study on climate change imageries on Instagram
Authors: Beena Sreelekshmi , Vethanayagam S. Anand Lenin
Published: August 2023

The rising accessibility of mobile phones and the proliferation of social media have revolutionized the way climate change has been communicated. Yet, the inherent invisibility and temporal complexities of climate change pose challenges when trying to communicate it on visual media platforms. This study employs visual content analysis to investigate how environmental non-government organizations (NGOs) in India address these limitations on their Instagram pages. Four environmental NGOs based in India were selected, and their thirty most recent Instagram posts related to climate change were analyzed based on imagery type, subject, context and themes. The findings revealed that these NGOs employed a diverse range of climate change imageries, often accompanied by overlaying texts, to traverse the lack of standardized visual tropes. Moreover, it is noted that a significant majority of analyzed Instagram imageries following the visual principles advocated by Climate Outreach emerged from one single NGO account, suggesting potential variations in the visual communication strategies among different NGOs.
Constructive journalism and its effects on environmental discourses
Authors: Sanal Lekshmi Priya , Aram I. Arul
Published: August 2023

Concerning the existence of all living beings, environmental issues take a crucial standpoint in the area of constructive journalism. Through positive psychology and solution-based approaches, it moves from the rigid ethical tenets of objectivity and impartiality, and employs practices based on reflexivity and advocacy for social concerns including pressing environmental issues. Can this change of journalistic narrative be considered significant? If so, does it imply any shifts in existing media culture that embodies a new set of ethics? This paper studies the ethics emerging out of constructive journalism based on environmental discourses and reviews 25 global environmental stories with constructive attributes through content analysis. With non-alarmist headlines, solutions-based and restorative approaches, and comprehensive narratives, it was found that these articles did not flout any ethical principles besides environmental advocacy. A shift in ethical code is recommended to entirely accommodate reflexive and transformative narratives in the field of journalism.
Bibliometric analysis on the international publication of muslim brotherhood
Authors: Rasyad Iqbal , Yumitro Gonda
Published: August 2023

This article analyzes the trend of international publications related to the Muslim Brotherhood using the Scopus database. This study aims to determine the publication trends by region, subject area of publication, type of publication, number of documents for each author, and number of papers for each university. The data collected by the authors were taken from the search results in the Scopus database with a combination of the keywords "Ikhwanul Muslimin or Muslim Brotherhood" with the categories of article titles, article abstracts, and article keywords in the publication period of 1954 - 2023. Based on this search, the authors found 738 scientific publication documents related to the Muslim Brotherhood. The studies conducted in 2023 were 17 publications, and the highest number found by the authors was 69 scientific publications (9.3%) in 2016. The United States became the most productive country or region in scientific publications with 175 papers (23.7%). The most prolific authors are Ardovini and Brooke with eight articles. Bar-Ilan University became the affiliate with the most publications with 15 publications. Based on these results, the study of the Muslim Brotherhood became a contemporary study that has attracted the interest of researchers.
Examining the debate on government's communication strategies for covid-19 management in online media: A content analysis
Authors: Ashrianto Panji Dwi , Sosiawan Edwi Arief , Hasanah Khuswatun
Published: August 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects worldwide, impacting various aspects of society and the economy. For this, governments have faced significant challenges in addressing this global crisis. Amidst the outbreak, there have been public debates and disputes surrounding government communication and policies related to Covid-19. The lack of public understanding of the implemented measures has led to criticism of the government's response, seen insufficient and ineffective in communicating with the public. This study focuses on analyzing controversies and debates surrounding government policies during the early stages of the pandemic. Using a quantitative content analysis approach, the study examined policy content sourced from popular Indonesian news media portals. The research findings indicated that the president played a central role in conveying government policies, which primarily focused on macro-level strategies to combat the pandemic. However, the communication of these policies has generated significant controversy and discord among the public.
Classroom management practices: Indonesian secondary schools teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Yopianti Yana , Sadiq Nizamuddin
Published: August 2023

The present study aims to investigate the Indonesian secondary school teachers' perspectives of practicing their classroom management to create a conducive classroom environment for learning. This research method is qualitative study, which is able to explore the perspectives of participants regarding their understanding and experience in managing classrooms to create conducive learning. The participants in this study were two teachers who taught in the urban and in rural area. After negotiating with the headmaster, the participants were recruited under a purposive sampling approach and gave their consent to participate in this study. In this study, data were collected through one-to-one interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Employing Garwood and Harris (2020) five parameters, two themes were resulted in each parameter. The participants were the teachers recognizing students' names and paying attention to their attitudes and intelligence. They also tried to have a good appearance, performance, and attitude as well as to make games. Regarding a consequence of breaking rules, the teacher in urban area applied academic punishments such as memorizing vocabularies; while, the one in rural area preferred to provide social punishments such as taking out the trash from classrooms. Furthermore, the teachers did not involve students in managing class rules, but made them individually or privately. Finally, both teachers informed class procedures in their teachings. The findings of this study implied that classroom management should be understood as well as practiced properly and appropriately as one of attempts the teacher could make to maintain and create a conducive learning atmosphere.
The Impact of Extroversion and Introversion on Iranian EFL Learners Grammar
Authors: Rezaee Hossein , Moradkhani Rana
Published: August 2023

The way we learn is affected by our personality. Regarding the significant role of different personality types in language learning in general and mastering L2 grammar in particular, the present study investigated the impact of extrovert/introvert personality types of Iranian EFL learners in grammar learning. It was hypothesized that in an EFL situation, extroverted students would attain a higher proficiency in English. An additional aim was to find out whether there is a significant effect of gender differences’ extroversion/ introversion on their grammar ability. Therefore, 220 high school students took a standardized English test, completed a personality questionnaire and provided information on a bio data form. The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Distribution was conducted for evaluating extraverts and introverts’ grammar with respect to their gender differences. The main finding was extroversion vs. introversion has no significant impact in grammar learning. Moreover, there was no significant effect of gender differences’ extraverts/introverts on their grammar proficiency. The results revealed that both extraverts and introverts have the capability to be proficient in English grammar.
National recovery packages, innovation, and transformation. Project for the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development
Authors:   AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Dachs Bernhard , Weber Matthias
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic hit Europe hard, and measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 have resulted in a deep recession in 2020. To fight this recession, national governments have mobilised considerable funds to support the economy and prepare for a rebound in the following years. In addition to national efforts, the European Commission has initiated NextGenerationEU, a 750 bn EUR package to support Europe’s recovery, and the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) as its biggest component. The aim of this package is to make Europe’s economies more resilient to future challenges while supporting them in the green and digital transitions. Immediate support for the economy is important to stabilize employment and prevent vicious cycles that appeared during the Great Depression of the 1930s. However, these measures may also hamper change for good when they only aim at restoring the status quo before the crisis. Times of crisis are always times of transformation and innovation – this may also be true for the COVID-19 crisis of 2020 and 2021.The crisis may provide a good environment to push for transformative innovation. The rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19 is a strong sign for the adaptability of national innovation systems to new challenges, and the sense of urgency for change is high. However, one may also ask if national funding and the EU recovery packages are agile enough to support new ideas, new firms and new business models, as potential triggers of transformation. Against this background, the project will analyse Austria’s response to the economic effects of the crisis from an innovation and transformation perspective. In particular, the project will look at the recovery packages from the perspective of the ‘protect-prepare-transform’ framework proposed by the EU Expert group on the Societal and Economic Impact of Research and Innovation (ESIR, 2020): the need to protect the overall wellbeing of individuals during the crisis, the need to prepare for future pandemics and crises and the need to transform the European economy and society towards more resilience against future crises. The analysis will include national funds as well as Austria’s Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP), i.e. its proposal to the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) of the European Commission. This multi-level nature of the recovery measures is further complicated by regional initiatives to mobilise further resources such as EU Structural Funds to fight the COVID-19 crisis.
Expected Workforce Requirements for the Green Transition
Authors:   Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Reisch Tobias , Hurt Jan , Stangl Johannes , Yang Liuhuaying , Thurner Stefan
Published: August 2023

In dieser Arbeit wird die erwartete zusätzliche Arbeitsnachfrage untersucht, die durch das Wachstum der Produktion grüner Produkte in Österreich entstehen wird. Hier schätzen wir ab, wie viele zusätzliche Mitarbeiter benötigt werden und in welchen Wirtschaftssektoren sie beschäftigt sein werden, um die identifizierten Branchen zu fördern. Wir stellen fest, dass Österreichs fünf vielversprechendste Möglichkeiten zur grünen Diversifizierung den größten Arbeitskräftebedarf in den Sektoren "Maschinen und Geräte" sowie "Reparatur von Maschinen und Geräten" verursachen werden. Die insgesamt geschätzte Zunahme der Arbeitsnachfrage in allen Sektoren beträgt etwa 6,30 Mitarbeiter. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie sind über ein Online-Dashboard zugänglich und können erforscht werden, das die die Untersuchung von maßgeschneiderten Szenarien ermöglicht. Das Dashboard ist veröffentlicht unter: https://ecto.rfte.at/
Effect of various foliar applied micronutrients (Zn+Fe+Cu+B) on growth and yield of wheat under Faisalabad condition
Authors: Ijaz Bader , Nazeer Shahid , Sajjad Muhammad , Nadeem Mubashar , Anwar Huma , Idrees Muhammad , Nawaz Muhammad , Ramzan Hafiz Naveed
Published: August 2023

The field trail was conducted at agronomy farm, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan during winter 2020-21, to observe the response of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu and B) on the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Micronutrients play an important role in the crop production of wheat. Micronutrients deficiency is a major issue which decrease the wheat yield and also deteriorate the quality of the grains. The experiment was comprised of foliar spray of M0 (Control), M1 (Zn), M2 (Fe), M3 (Cu), M4 (B), M5 (Zn + Fe), M6 (Zn + Cu), M7 (Zn + B), M8 (Zn + Fe + Cu + B) treatments with three repetitions and the net plot size was be 3 m × 5 m. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used. Sowing was done by broadcast sowing method, with a seed rate of 125 kg/ha. The fertilizer was applied @ 116:86:65 N:P:K kg/ha, respectively. In this study, an attempt was made to check foliar-applied micronutrients effect on growth stages, yield and yield-components of wheat. The results were evaluated statistically using Fisher's analysis of variance, and the treatment means were compared using Tukey's HSD test at a 5% probability level. The experiment results revealed that micronutrients application at booting stage significantly improved the performance of wheat crop and grain yield. Micronutrients application has a non-significant effect on plant height and number of productive tillers. Among different micronutrient combinations, the (Zn+Fe+Cu+B) treatment combination substantially improved the spike length (cm), No. of spikelets, number of grains, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1) and Harvest index (%). It can be concluded that (Zn+Fe+Cu+B) have significant effects on yield parameters as compared to other treatments.
Bacterial Endophytes, a resilient way toward sustainable agriculture: provide plant growth promotion and biocontrol of plant pathogens
Authors: Ali Amjad , Tabbasum Irum , Ölmez Fatih , Azeem Hajra , Deveci Gizem , Mehtab Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Plant pathogens are considered a major constraint in decreasing the quality and quantity of plants and plant products by attacking the seed from its germination to the harvesting stage. To date, various multifunctional chemical pesticides have been applied to control these infectious entities, but these chemical pesticides are not as effective in controlling them. That is why "bacterial endophytes," an alternative to these chemical pesticides, have been determined in the history of mankind through multidisciplinary ways. At the same time, these endophytes work to save the living environment, improve plant growth, and control infectious plant pathogens. The current study summarizes and analyzes the pioneering and recent works on plant bacterial endophytes and their mechanisms as biocontrol agents/plant growth promotion, interaction with the host plant, root colonization, systemic colonization of aerial plant tissues, phytohormone production and modulation, host specificity, genes expressed in the endosphere, multi-omics approaches to improve endophyte use, and biopesticide formulation by these bacterial endophytes. The manuscript highlights the most necessary information about bacterial endophytes, and the study will play a vital role in the further use and handling of these bacterial endophytes for sustainable agricultural production.
The use of remote sensing technology in defining the water depth in the lakes and water bodies: Western Iraq as a case study
Authors: Naji Taghreed Abdul-Hameed , Abdul-Hameed Shahad Abdul-Qader , Abdul-Hameed Dahlia Abdul-Qader , , Awad Tabarak Mohammed , Fakhruldeen Sura Sabah Rasool
Published: August 2023

The study's primary purpose is to explore an appropriate way of monitoring and assessing water depths using the satellite remote sensing technique of the Al Habbaniyah Lake in Iraq. This research studied the experience-conditions (thresholds) of different bands for multi-temporal satellite image data with different satellite image sensors (Landsat 5-TM, and EO1-ALI) for the same region, to recognize regions of water depths. The threshold values are taken that to separate the Al Habbaniyah Lake to the required depths (shallow, deep, and very deep), as a supervised method. A three-dimension feature space plot had used to represent these regions. The relationship of the mean values of the three separated water regions with all TM and ALI bands is studied. Other lakes in Iraq were used to actualize the validity and accuracy of this technique to find the water depth regions; Al Qadisiyha and Al Mosul lakes are in the West and North of Iraq of Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite images respectively. This technique succeeded in determining Al Habbaniyah lake depths but failed to recognize the regions of water depths for some of the lakes which have the big depths by correct form such as; Al Qadisiyha and Al Mosul lakes.
Identification of Wolbachia pipientis and phylogenetic studies of plodia interpuntella populations in different cities of Pakistan
Authors: Raza Ehsan Bilal , Khan Sajid Abbas , Anees Muhammad Shahid , Kamal Muhammad , Nawaz Muhammad Shahid
Published: August 2023

Wolbachiapipientis is genus of gram-negative bacteria which infect the members of phylum arthropoda, mainly affects the class insecta and some nematodes. Wolbachiapipientis are the common bacterial symbionts of the insects. About 25 to 70% of insect species are estimated to be the host of Wolbachiapipientis. Infection of these bacteria can alter the reproduction and biology of the host. Even some host species can not reproduce without Wolbachiapipientis infection. Due to thisreason, Wolbachiapipientis are used to control the population of pest species. A major reseach objective is the detection of Wolbachiapipientis in the Plodiainterpuntella populations of different cities of Pakistan leading towards its phylogenetic descriptions through molecular markers. Plodia interpuntella commonly called Indian meal moth. This insect is the major and most destructive pest of food grains such as, rice, maize and other cereals. The presence of this pest is relating with occurrence of such grains in homes and grocery stores. Indian meal moth feeding reduces the dry weight of stored grains. This study was done to estimates the economic and yield losses of food gains due to Plodia interpuntella in the different cities of Pakistain such as (Faisalabad, Jhang and Layyah) from Punjab, (Peshawar) from KPK and (Hyderabad) from Sindh. Firstly, the Collection of Plodiainterpunctella was completed from mention areas, and the pest was identified through morphologically, molecular analysis, eggs and larval instar. The results of our study showed that, the pest infection rate was ot similar in all the citites. Its majorly attack was identified in Faisalabd, Jhang, Layyah, Peshwar and Hyderabad gradually. During the study, pest infection rate was calculated in four months, July, August, September and October. The attack of pest was maximum in the start of July and minimum at the end of Octobor in stored grains. The results were calculated by using DNA extraction. The statistical analysis was performed through SPSS.
Effect of organic and bio-fertilizers on okra plant growth
Authors: Aziz Huda Hasan
Published: August 2023

This experiment aimed to determine the impact of organic and biological fertilizers on the development of the okra plant. The research was carried out in a private field in the Al- Madinah district north of Basra during the 2022 agricultural season. Organic manure (cow manure) was added to the soil at two different rates of 5% and 10% of the soil weight at a depth of 30 cm. Biofertilizer was sprayed on the leaves at three different rates of 2%, 4%, and 8 g/l of yeast suspension. Comparisons were made between the outcomes and the control group (without any addition). The experiment outcomes demonstrate that all indicators of vegetative growth and production were maximized by treating organic fertilizer at 10% concentration and spraying biofertilizer at 8 g/liter concentration. It attained the most significant values for plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fruit weight, and overall plant yield, measuring 156.18 cm, 85.34 leaves, 1.48 m2, 4.86 g, and 338.16 g/plant, respectively.
Response of barley to nano-feeding with seaweed extract and bio-fertilizer
Authors: Aljaberi Mohammed A. R. , Altai Dhurgham S.K. , Ubaid Mohammed K. , Alhasany Ali R.
Published: August 2023

During the 2020–2021 growing season, a field experiment was carried out in a farmer's fields in Al-Khader District (30 km south of Al-Muthanna Governorate). To know effect of nano-feeding by seaweed extract with three concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 ml l-1) and bio-fertilizer in three concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 g l-1) in the yield and its components of barley crop. The experiment was applied according to (R.C.B.D) a randomized complete block design with three replications. As the seaweed extract concentrations were placed in main plots and bio-fertilizer was placed in the sub-plots, the following was discovered: The results showed the superiority of spraying with a concentration of 1 ml l-1 of seaweed extract, it gave the highest averages for spikes number of m2, grains number per spike, and total grain yield amounted to 412.60 spikes m2, 45.36 grains spike-1, and 4253 kg ha-1, compared to the no-spray treatment, and no differences were shown. Significance between spraying and non-spraying in 1000 grains weight. Significantly superior was spraying of bio-fertilizer at a concentration of 5 g l-1 in spikes number of m2, grains number per spike, and grain yield; it increased by an increased rate of (14.45%, 22.63% and 20.00%) over the control treatment for traits in succession, while the non-spraying treatment was significantly superior on the rest of treatments in description of weight 1000 grains, it gave the highest mean of 34.62 g. As for the interaction, the results showed a significant difference in characteristics; grains number per spike, 1000 grains weight, and total grain yield. The combination (1 ml l-1 of seaweed extract x 5 g l-1 of bio-fertilizer) gave a highest grain yield at 4589 kg ha-1 compared compared to the remaining combinations.
Community food insecurity and role of agriculture extension in rural development
Authors: Amin Humera , Sheikh Urwah , Asghar Kanwal , Shahid Irum
Published: August 2023

Availability of food on a sustainable basis throughout the year is of prime importance in a country. The part of agricultural extension in the maintainable progress of rural areas has not been completely utilized to understand sustainable rural societies. An operative extension scheme of any country plays a highly significant role in the growing procedure. Nevertheless, a lot of criticism is being done in Pakistan for not resulting in remarkable improvement crop yield and wanted constructive changes in the rural earnings. Innovative enterprises in the form of dissolution and distribution; contributing methods to extension, and the usage of novel info and communication skills have been engaged to increase the competence and efficiency of the facility. An extension organization that could encourage supportable farming and solve community growth problems like food security is in utmost necessity.
Appraisal of some granular insecticides against yellow-stem borer and Crop Water Productivity of Rice under two irrigation regimes
Authors: Rehman Habib-ur- , Akram Malik Muhammad , Mehmood Tahir , Bilal Hafiz Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Insect pests are serious threat to agricultural crops. Recurrent use of similar chemicals has resulted in many problems like resistance development in insects and hazardous effects on environments. The present research work was executed to probe out the comparative efficacy of some newer granular insecticidal formulations against yellow stem borer of rice, Scirpophaga incertulus (Walker). Recommended dose rates of the selected insecticides were used against the targeted insect pest. Results of incidence of S. incertulus larvae on paddy tillers showed that highest mean number population (22.40 larvae) were noted in experimental plots under flood irrigation compared with AWD irrigated plots (12.36 larvae). Data regarding dead-hearts revealed that maximum (8.5 dead-hearts /plot) were recorded in control followed by Cartap Hydrochloride (4.2 dead-hearts/plot) while lowest (2.21 dead-hearts/plot) by S. incertulus infestation were noted in chlorantraniliprol + Thiamethoxam plots under AWD irrigation. However, all the tested treatments were found superior over control. Results of white earheads showed that maximum (12.1 white earheads/plot) were recorded in case of control plot followed by Cartap Hydrochloride@ 22 kg/ha (4.16 white earheads/plot), Fipronil @20.0 kg/ha (3.78 white earheads/plot) whereas lowest (2.96 white earheads/plot) were recorded in chlorantraniliprol + Thiamethoxam treated plots. Crop water productivity of paddy plots under AWD irrigation was 0.29 kg/m3 comparatively greater than plots under flood irrigation i.e., 0.12 kg/m3. Use of new granular formulation of insecticide together with improved irrigation can be helpful for Integrated Management of yell stem borer of rice.