bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training for the Algorithmic Machine
Authors: Hristova Stefka
Published: April 2021

In thinking about the ubiquity of algorithmic surveillance and the ways our presence in front of a camera has become engaged with the algorithmic logics of testing and replicating, this project summons Walter Benjamin’s seminal piece The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility with its three versions, which was published in the United States under the editorial direction of Theodore Adorno. More specifically, it highlights two of the many ways in which the first and second versions of Benjamin’s influential essay on technology and culture resonate with questions of photography and art in the context of facial recognition technologies and algorithmic culture more broadly. First, Benjamin provides a critical lens for understanding the role of uniqueness and replication in a technocratic system. Second, he proposes an analytical framework for thinking about our response to visual surveillance through notions of training and performing a constructed identity—hence, being intentional about the ways we visually present ourselves. These two conceptual frameworks help to articulate our unease with a technology that trains itself using our everyday digital images in order to create unique identities that further aggregate into elaborate typologies and to think through a number of artistic responses that have challenged the ubiquity of algorithmic surveillance. Taking on Benjamin’s conceptual apparatus and his call for understanding the politics of art, I focus on two projects that powerfully critique algorithmic surveillance. Leo Selvaggio’s URME (you are me) Personal Surveillance Identity Prosthetic offers a critical lens through the adoption of algorithmically defined three-dimensional printed faces as performative prosthetics designed to be read and assessed by an algorithm. Kate Crawford and Trevor Paglen’s project Training Humans is the first major exhibition to display a collection of photographs used to train an algorithm as well as the classificatory labels applied to them both by artificial intelligence and by the freelance employees hired to sort through these images.
Disenchanting Trust: Instrumental Reason, Algorithmic Governance, and China’s Emerging Social Credit System
Authors: Zou Sheng
Published: April 2021

Digital technologies have provided governments across the world with new tools of political and social control. The development of algorithmic governance in China is particularly alarming, where plans have been released to develop a digital Social Credit System (SCS). Still in an exploratory stage, the SCS, as a collection of national and local pilots, is framed officially as an all-encompassing project aimed at building trust in society through the regulation of both economic and social behaviors. Grounded in the case of China’s SCS, this article interrogates the application of algorithmic rating to expanding areas of everyday life through the lens of the Frankfurt School’s critique of instrumental reason. It explores how the SCS reduces the moral and relational dimension of trust in social interactions, and how algorithmic technologies, thriving on a moral economy characterized by impersonality, impede the formation of trust and trustworthiness as moral virtues. The algorithmic rationality underlying the SCS undermines the ontology of relational trust, forecloses its transformative power, and disrupts social and civic interactions that are non-instrumental in nature. Re-reading and extending the Frankfurt School’s theorization on reason and the technological society, especially the works of Horkheimer, Marcuse, and Habermas, this article reflects on the limitations of algorithmic technologies in social governance. A Critical Theory perspective awakens us to the importance of human reflexivity on the use and circumscription of algorithmic rating systems.
The Fear Traumatization: Psychological Consequences of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ekimova V.I. , Rozenova M.I. , Litvinova A.V. , Koteneva A.V.
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, combined with high transmission and mortality rates of the infection, created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. The risk of infection and death, the experience of social isolation, alongside with loss of control over the situation and frightening information caused the "pandemic of fear" that had spread across regions and countries. The aim of this review is to summarize and to analyze the results of numerous studies of the COVID-19 pandemic psychological consequences for the population of different countries and the world as a whole, as well as for individual categories of population, and COVID-19 related risk factors. Relatively high levels of fear, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress and stress have been observed and continue to be observed among the population of China, Spain, Italy, Iran, the United States, Turkey, Nepal, Denmark, and other countries. The most severe symptoms of psychological trauma are demonstrated by medical workers, women, young people, those who had lost their jobs during the crisis, people with chronic diseases, etc. It is especially important to continue international and interdisciplinary researches aimed at identifying and mitigating the dangerous effects of COVID-19 on people's mental health and psychological well-being.
The influence of quarantine on the indicators of biopsychological age in Russia (longitudinal study)
Authors: Berezina T.N. , Rybtsov S.A.
Published: April 2021

The influence of quarantine on the indicators of biopsychological age is being investigated, data from studies in different countries are presented. Stress factors are distinguished: the disease itself, post-traumatic stress, quarantine factors (social isolation, malnutrition, decreased physical activity, anxiety). The results of a longitudinal study are presented: 1st measurement – 2019, 2nd measurement -2020 (after six months of quarantine). 394 people aged 35-70 years were examined: adults – 158 (114 women), working pensioners – 28 (19 women), non-working pensioners with chronic diseases – 208 (151 women). Methods for assessing biological age by indicators of health, subjective psychological age, and expected retirement age were used. It is shown that in Russia: 1) the effect of quarantine on the biopsychological age is ambivalent, 2) the psychological age of working individuals has changed, they began to feel younger (by 3.3–7.2 years), the expected retirement age has not changed (remained below the established ); 3) indicators of somatic health did not change – (body weight in women, self-esteem of health), others improved (blood pressure), 4) characteristics of physical development worsened: the duration of static balancing decreased (by 13–37%), the duration of breath holding decreased by inhalation, 5) in working individuals the biological age has increased, and the biological aging index has increased, in women – at the level of a trend, in men – reliably (by 3.9–8 years 6) in non-working pensioners-chronicles there was no increase in the rate of biological aging.
Language attrition: mechanisms of occurrence, features of study and prospects for further research
Authors: Malyshevskaya A.S. , Gallо F. , Bermudez-Margaretto B. , Shtyrov Y.Y. , Chitaya T.D. , Petrova A.A. , Myachykov A.V.
Published: April 2021

This theoretical review clarifies the concept of "language attrition " by defining the phenomenological and contextual features of its utilization, discussing the definition of contradictions, and suggesting potential directions for future research. Taking into account existing data, we regard the existing approaches to language attrition and analyze the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. This analysis seems to be the first step in building up an integral theoretical model summarizing the available empirical data. It helps to apply a neurobiological approach, allowing to identify neural markers of language attrition at different levels of language processing and within different language categories. To this end, we propose specific experimental approaches to recording neural traces of attrition and formulate working hypotheses based on proposed experimental paradigms.
System Justification theory: a new perspective on the problem of inequality
Authors: Agadullina E.R. , Ivanov A.A. , Sarieva I.R. , Prusova I.S.
Published: April 2021

This article outlines the concept of system justification proposed by J. Jost and M. Banaji. Motivational basis of system justification as well as the core assumption that low-status individuals tend to justify the existing system more than high-status individuals are described thoroughly. The factors that enhance system justification motivation as well as the relations between system justification and behavioral patterns that preserve social inequality are described in specific paragraphs.
The Bank of Russia as a Regulator in the Market of Financial Technologies
Authors: Razdorozhnyy K. B.
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of the legal status of the Bank of Russia in the market of financial technologies. The author highlights that the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is consistently given powers to regulate, control and supervise the activities of operators of investment, financial platforms, digital financial asset exchange operators, as well as information platforms issuing digital financial assets. At the same time, the author concludes that measures taken for the integrated development of this industry are insufficient. In this regard, the author proposes to give the Bank of Russia powers to regulate, control and supervise activities directly associated with the issuance and circulation of cryptocurrencies (digital currencies). The study reveals the lack of the legal framework necessary for the issuance and circulation of the national digital currency that is proposed to be considered as electronic funds, with the Bank of Russia acting as an electronic funds operator. The author also concludes that there is a need to combine both general ways of financial and legal regulation of relations associated with the development of new financial technologies and specific ones providing for the application of experimental legal regimes.
Full Transition to a Five-Day Working Week with Two Consecutive Days Off
Authors: Gavrish I. V.
Published: April 2021

Labor legislation of Russia provides for both a five-day and six-day working weeks with the same 40 working hours limit per week for two labor regimes that makes it meaningless to work six days a week. The paper summarizes the history of days off in Russia and basic international legislation regulating the days off. The author examines two structural groups of arguments, justifying the necessity of enshrining a provision on a mandatory five-day working week with two consecutive days off in labor legislation. The paper substantiates the discrepancy between the provision of labor legislation containing the rule on one day off and part 5 of Article 37 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on days off (in plural). The author argues in detail the statement in support of the introduction of a five-day working week for teachers. The author questions the economic feasibility of maintaining the six-day labor regime. It is emphasized that, if a mandatory five-day working week is consolidated in law, the employer’s rights will not be infringed regardless of the form of ownership, because the employer is endowed with legal rules allowing him or her to engage workers to work with their voluntary consent in other schemes of the labor regime (to work overtime, in shifts, etc.). Organizations and enterprises under the current and proposed labour regime may attract workers to work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Principles of Legal Regulation of the State Model of National Health Care
Authors: Mokhov A. A.
Published: April 2021

In the healthcare industry, and in general, in the sector of citizens’ health care of the Russian Federation, a number of problems have accumulated that require an immediate solution. Many of them cannot be solved without serious organizational, legal and other changes, significant modernization or change of the current budgetary and insurance model of the industry under consideration. The request to change the current model escalated due to the events of the first half of the 2020, namely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the managerial, financial and other solutions that followed its development in health care and other spheres of the society. In connection with the discussion in the expert and political circles of the state model of national health care, the author discusses the question concerning possible principles (fundamentals) of the legal regulation of the health care. The author proposes the following principles: the principle of legality; the principle of sectoral planning; the principle of information openness (transparency); the principle of equality of citizens’ rights to medical care in state health-care organizations; the principle of ensuring free medical care in state health organizations; the principle of inadmissibility of charging citizens for medical care provided in State health organizations; the principle of referring public health as a factor to ensuring national security and other types of national security; the principle of ensuring access of citizens to medical care, medicines, medical devices, other means of medical use, medical technologies; the principle of continuity and phasing in the provision of medical care, and a number of other principles.
Ecological and Legal Problems of the Formation and Functioning of Water Protection Zones
Authors: Tsaplina A. M.
Published: April 2021

The paper reveals the content of "protection of water bodies" concept, giving particular attention to the consideration of the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protection zones as one of the legal mechanisms for the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation. The author analyses of the peculiarities of the legal regime of water protection zones of the Soviet and current Russian legislation. Based on the current legislation and current judicial practice, the author considers the characteristics of the legal regime of the above mentioned zones and some problems of compliance with the regime (for example, violation of the legal regime of the water protection zone due to the absence of information signs on the ground), which one has to face in practice. In this regard, the author gives special attention to the need to inform nature users and increase their level of ecological culture. The author concludes that there is some inconsistency of the current water legislation in the context of the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protection zones with the ecosystem approach in nature management. The formally envisaged legal regulation creates only the appearance of effective mechanisms for water protection.
Measures to Improve Financing of “Megascience” Class Projects
Authors: Arzumanova L. L. , Sitnik A. A.
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to researching the mechanism of financing “megasience” class projects, as well as the development of measures to improve financing of projects under consideration. It is determined that at present the main source of financing for the “megasience” class installations is the money allocated from the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation, primarily from the federal budget. At the same time, extrabudgetary funds are also envisaged at the normative level for the implementation of major scientific projects under consideration. However, the authors highlight that the mechanism for attracting extrabudgetary money to finance the scientific field has not been developed at present. On the contrary, the attractiveness of private capital involvement in financing scientific research is, indeed, not obvious. In this regard, the authors make proposals to provide preferential taxation to business entities involved in co-financing of the projects. In the authors’ view, this will have a positive impact on improving financing in general.
Reasons for anti-vegf treatment discontinuation in real clinical practice: results of a phone survey of patients with macular diseases
Authors: Bobykin Evgeny V. , Krokhalev Vadim Ya. , Beresneva Nadezhda S. , Buslaev Ruslan V. , Morozova Olga V.
Published: April 2021

Background.Anti-VEGF therapy is currently regarded as the gold standard for the treatment of many macular diseases, while the results of its application in real clinical practice are often inferior to those from randomized clinical trials.
Materials and methods.A study group was formed on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the medical data of patients who received anti-VEGF therapy with ranibizumab and/or aflibercept according to registered indications, and who discontinued their follow-up in the clinic (n= 214). A phone survey of patients concerning the reasons for loss to follow-up with a statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out.
Results.The majority of patients (81.3%) discontinued observation in the clinic within two years from the start of therapy (the median duration of treatment was 7 (3; 18) months). Patients with all considered diseases had an increase in best corrected visual acuity during treatment (p 0.000001), which confirms the high efficiency of the method. According to the results of the phone survey, the following categories of respondents were identified: complete cessation of treatment 120 (56.1%) patients, change of clinic 20 (9.3%), death 23 (10.7%), status not established 51 (23.8%). The most frequent reasons for stopping treatment were dissatisfaction with its results (59 cases; 49.2%), financial burden (49; 40.8%), and systemic comorbidities (24; 20.0%).
Conclusion.Searching approaches to increase patients treatment adherence is one of the priorities for improving anti-VEGF therapy.
Comparison of intraocular lens power calculation results before and after glaucoma surgery
Authors: Belov Dmitrii Fedorovich , Nikolaenko Vadim Petrovich
Published: April 2021

Aim to compare intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation before and after different types glaucoma procedures.
Material and methods.Into the study, 115 patients were included, divided into 3 groups: group 1 patients, in whom sinustrabeculectomy was performed (n= 86); group 2 patients with implanted Ex-PRESS shunt (n= 19), group 3 patients after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (n= 10). For each patient before surgery optical biometry (IOL-Master 500) was performed and IOL power calculation using Barrett Universal II Formula (target refraction emmetropia). Baseline data were compared with corresponding examinations results obtained in 6 months after glaucoma procedure, to evaluate its effect on main biometric parameters of the eye and the IOL calculation accuracy.
Results.Despite significant changes of optical and anatomic indices, mean values of target refraction before and after glaucoma surgery did not differ significantly: 0.00 0.03 versus 0.03 0.52 D (p= 0.628), 0.00 0.1 versus 0.19 0.61 D (p= 0.173), 0.04 0.08 versus 0.11 0.42 D (p= 0.269) for groups, respectively. However, there was a pronounced trend to the increase of target refraction data scattering.
Conclusion.Glaucoma procedures cause changes of biometrical parameters of the eye, which leads to decrease in accuracy of IOL calculation. Consequently, when choosing intraocular lens, it is recommended to use measurement results obtained after glaucoma surgery.
Keywords:intraocular lens; IOL power calculation; glaucoma; sinustrabeculectomy; Ex-PRESS shunt; Ahmed glaucoma valve; biometry; phacoemulsification; axial length; anterior chamber depth; keratometry.
Standardized ophthalmic tests for evaluating reading parameters: a brief historical review
Authors: Koskin Sergey Alekseevich , Stepanets Ivan Ruslanovich
Published: April 2021

In the review, the analysis of the most common ophthalmic standardized tests for evaluating reading was carried out: BaileyLovie Word Reading Charts, MNREAD Acuity Chart, Radner reading chart, SmithKettlewell Reading Test (SKread), IReST, Salzburg Reading Desk, Ramulu test, Radner paragraph optotypes, Balsam AlabdulkaderLeat (BAL) chart, Chinese Reading Acuity Charts (C-READ), chart for reading threshold and reading speed evaluation by T.S. Egorova. The following parameters were considered: maximum reading speed, reading threshold, reading acuity, reading accessibility index, threshold reading speed. Recovering the ability to read fluently is one of the criteria for assessing the success of treatment, as well as quality of life for patients of various age groups
Differential diagnosis algorithms of сentral serous chorioretinopathy and adult-onset vitelliform dystrophies
Authors: Matcko Nataliia V. , Gatsu Marina V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose.To optimize the differential diagnosis of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and of adult-onset vitelliform dystrophies (VD). Research objectives. On the multimodal diagnosis basis, to investigate signs characteristic for VD and chronic CSCR using mathematic modeling, to elaborate algorithms of their differential diagnosis in settings of differently equipped clinics.
Materials and methods.61 patient (90 eyes) with long-term neuroepithelial detachments (NEDs) were included in the study. In all patients, the disease history was collected, including the family history; all patients underwent a standard ophthalmologic examination: visual acuity testing including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), biomicroophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), short-wavelength autofluorescence (SW-AF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Patients were divided into two groups: with vitelliform dystrophies 30 patients (30 eyes), and with CSCR 31 patients (31 eyes). To estimate the probability of disease detection, binary logistic regression method was used.
Results.Diagnostic predictors found in both groups were scrutinized; mathematical models for estimating the probability of disease detection were obtained. Differential diagnostics algorithms have been developed taking into account the resulting formulas for calculating the probability of disease detection, including criteria of different examination combinations: SD-OCT (area under ROC curve 0.946); BAF (area under ROC curve 0.955), SD-OCT and SW-AF (area under ROC curve 0.980); SW-AF, FA and ICGA (area under ROC curve 0.989).
Conclusion.The obtained models make it possible to carry out differential diagnosis of vitelliform dystrophies and chronic CSCR in settings of differently equipped clinics.
Toward Using Seismic Interferometry to Quantify Landscape Mechanical Variations after Earthquakes
Authors: Marc Odin , Sens-Schönfelder Christoph , Illien Luc , Meunier Patrick , Hobiger Manuel , Sawazaki Kaoru , Rault Claire , Hovius Niels
Published: April 2021

In mountainous terrain, large earthquakes often cause widespread coseismic landsliding as well as hydrological and hydrogeological disturbances. A subsequent transient phase with high landslide rates has also been reported for several earthquakes. Separately, subsurface seismic velocities are frequently observed to drop coseismically and subsequently recover. Consistent with various laboratory work, we hypothesize that the seismic-velocity changes track coseismic damage and progressive recovery of landscape substrate, which modulate landslide hazard and hydrogeological processes, on timescales of months to years. To test this, we analyze the near-surface seismic-velocity variations, obtained with single-station high-frequency (0.5–4 Hz) passive image interferometry, in the epicentral zones of four shallow earthquakes, for which constraints on landslide susceptibility through time exist. In the case of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, detailed landslide mapping allows us to accurately constrain an exponential recovery of landslide susceptibility with a relaxation timescale of about 1 yr, similar to the pattern of recovery of seismic velocities. The 2004 Niigata, 2008 Iwate, and 2015 Gorkha earthquakes have less-resolved constraints on landsliding, but, assuming an exponential recovery, we also find matching relaxation timescales, from ∼0.1 to ∼0.6  yr, for the landslide and seismic recoveries. These observations support our hypothesis and suggest that systematic monitoring of seismic velocities after large earthquakes may help constrain and manage the evolution of landslide hazard in epicentral areas. To achieve this goal, we end by discussing several ways to improve the link between seismic velocity and landscape mechanical properties, specifically by better constraining time-dependent near-surface strength and hydrogeological changes. Hillslopes displaying coseismic surface fissuring and displacement may be an important target for future geotechnical analysis and coupled to passive geophysical investigations.
The Alternative to CSWE's Traditional Reaffirmation Process: One Small BSW Program's Experience
Authors: Moore Crystal Dea , Karp David
Published: April 2021

The Council on Social Work Education's Commission on Accreditation approved a policy in 2004 that allows well-established social work programs the option to complete an alternative to the traditional self-study process. This alternative consists of the completion of a reaffirmation compliance audit and special project that is significant to social work or the program's specific goals and objectives. This article describes how one small BSW program successfully implemented the alternative process by completing a modified self-study, a new site visit protocol, and a threephased project including a needs assessment, a seminar on conducting agency evaluations, and a collaboration with a local mentoring agency. Outcomes for community stakeholders, faculty, and students were positive; although requiring extensive resources, the alternative process was worthwhile. Based on their experience, the authors share suggestions for programs considering this option.
Community-Based Participatory Research: The College as the Focal Community
Authors: Heckel Elizabeth , Moore Crystal Dea
Published: April 2021

This article describes one small BSW program's engagement in community-based participatory research (CBPR) in which the college community was the focus of the social change effort and social work undergraduates were the research partners. Over a 3-year period students engaged college community stakeholders, collected data, and presented findings on student alcohol use and abuse to promote discussion and inclusion of harm reduction strategies in the college response to this issue. The project resulted in an ongoing dialogue among the student researchers and administration regarding revisions to the campus alcohol policy. Written from the perspectives of a student researcher and faculty mentor, an overview of CBPR as a research method is presented, associated challenges discussed, a case study using the method summarized, and suggestions for implementing this pedagogy are presented. CBPR conceptualized this way offers opportunities for students to engage more fully with research concepts while promoting social change on their campuses.
The Perceptions of Social Work Junior Faculty About the Relationship Between Scholarship and Various Workload Demands
Authors: Jones Susanna , Loya Melody Aye , Furman Rich
Published: April 2021

Junior faculty face greater challenges as a result of time constraints and administrative duties, which may impact their quest for tenure and promotion. Faculty may feel overwhelmed and frustrated by their countless responsibilities, including administrative duties, while tenure and promotion guidelines and requirements appear to be increasing. Using an electronic mailing list populated primarily with social work educators, this Web-based survey explored the perceptions of social work junior faculty regarding their willingness to engage in scholarly activities and their workload demands. The purpose of this mixed method study was to explore the perceptions of untenured and recently tenured social work faculty (n=97) about scholarship expectations, their desires for producing scholarship, and their perceptions about tenure and promotion expectations. The study explored perceived barriers to producing scholarship vis-á-vis workload expectations. The results of the study and strategies for meeting scholarship demands are presented.
Service Learning: The Effect on BSW Student Interest in Aging
Authors: Singleton Judy
Published: April 2021

Strategies for developing and putting into practice an experiential aging-rich learning curriculum for baccalaureate social work students are presented. Specific service learning opportunities required of students in class assignments are discussed. Included in these are projects involving micro social work practice skills with cognitively impaired older adults and macro skills used in completing a retirement center's wellness program assessment and an adult day care program's market ing/community outreach plan. The critical component of reflection for both service learning and field practica is analyzed. A continuing need for faculty to network in both the aging and social work communities is explored as a technique for enhancing experiential learning opportunities for students.
BSW Students' Experiences With the Deaths of Clients: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bembry James , Poe Nancy , Rogers Ogden
Published: April 2021

This study explored the experiences of undergraduate social work students who had faced the death of a client in their senior field placements. Using qualitative and quantitative data collected by survey, the study examined how the incidents of client death affected these students and how personnel in their practicum settings and university programs assisted them in coping with and processing these incidents. Results indicated that whereas students coped with the clients' deaths relatively well, their perception of support and assistance provided in their field sites and academic programs was mixed. The article concludes with recommendations for helping students cope with client death and implications for future research.
A Curious Curriculum Component: The Nonmandated "Given" of Field Seminar
Authors: Poe Nancy Trantham , Hunter Cindy
Published: April 2021

Purported to integrate theory and practice, field seminars are a neglected area of pedagogical analysis in social work education. Most BSW programs contain seminar components although they are not required by accreditation standards. The authors conducted this research to examine the prevalence, purposes, and practices of BSW field integration seminars. Data were gathered from course descriptions published on the Web sites of undergraduate programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education and a nationwide survey of BSW field directors. Findings indicate that field seminar is a ubiquitous curriculum component, with wide variation in conceptualization, format, and design; however, there are some striking commonalities in stated purposes, teaching/learning methods, and assignments. Findings also suggest seminars constitute a valued instructional modality in social work education, occupying a unique curricular space in BSW programs. Implications for curriculum development and further pedagogical examination are addressed.
Mapping Social Work Students' Perceptions of the Research Process: A Qualitative Follow-Up Study
Authors: Maschi Tina , Probst Barbara , Bradley Carolyn
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this qualitative follow-up study was to gain a better understanding of how social work research students' thoughts, feelings, and actions evolve during the course of a 15-week research course. Using a sample of 111 BSW and MSW social work research students and qualitative data collected at two time points concerning their current research experiences, the findings revealed a variation in the temporal process of students' thoughts, feelings, and actions about research. For many students their experience in research culminated in greater confidence, increased knowledge and skills, and appreciation of the value of research for social work practice. Internal and external obstacles and supports affected how well social work students navigated the research process. These findings have important implications for social work education and practice. Effectively engaging students in research can have long-term positive effects on achieving CSWE and NASW initiatives for the integration of research into professional practice.
Discomfort With a False Dichotomy: The Field Director's Dilemma With Micro–Macro Placements
Authors: Hunter Cindy , Ford Karen
Published: April 2021

A national online survey of baccalaureate social work field directors investigated attitudes and practices regarding the placement of students in field agencies across generalist practice levels (micro, mezzo, and macro). Results revealed discomfort with indirect-practice placements and an imbalance of field placements across the practice levels with significantly fewer sites emphasizing macro activities. Understanding the current mix of field placement practices raises a question: Is undergraduate social work field education living up to its mandate to prepare generalist practitioners?
The Feminist Perspective and Social Work Education
Authors: Rose Isabel , Hanssen Daria
Published: April 2021

Although the feminist perspective has been significant throughout the history of social work, its presence in the contemporary profession seems less prominent. This qualitative pilot study explores the views of social work educators (N=56) on the role of the feminist perspective in social work education and their experience with student responses regarding the tenets of feminism as applied to social work education and practice. Although a majority of respondents expressed support for integrating feminism into the curriculum, some sought guidance on the presentation of the feminist perspective in social work education and practice. In addition, an analysis of social work scholarly periodicals for feminist topics and perspectives revealed an apparent fading of feminism in the literature.
Implementing an Elective BSW Community-Based Evaluation Research Course
Authors: Taliaferro Jocelyn DeVance , Ames Natalie
Published: April 2021

This study describes the implementation and assessment of a BSW evaluation research elective that is based in the community. Course goals were to demystify research and help students integrate social work research and practice concepts. To investigate the extent to which the course achieved its goals, the authors analyzed students' examination responses and field research notebooks, as well as considered the content of class discussions. Findings suggest that course outcomes were met. However, there were logistical challenges for implementing such a course. Results also suggest that this type of course may be most appealing to nontraditional, highly motivated students.
Reinventing Baccalaureate Social Work Program Assessment and Curriculum Mapping Under the 2008 EPAS: A Conceptual and Quantitative Model
Authors: Mackie Paul Force-Emery , Anderson William
Published: April 2021

The Council on Social Work Education's 2008 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) significantly changed how social work programs should assess student competencies and practice behaviors across the curriculum. Responding to these changes, a new assessment logic and practice model was created to assess baccalaureate social work student competencies using an information feedback model that included curricular mapping horizontally and vertically. Through this model, the program can effectively and efficiently assess student competencies, identify areas of strength and weakness, seek improvements in competency-based learning over time, and pinpoint areas of concern deep within the curriculum at both the syllabus and course content levels. Initial data suggest that as students are more exposed to a competency-based curriculum, mastery of competencies increases.
Competency-Based Capstone Projects: Service Learning in BSW Field Practica
Authors: Tapp Karen , Macke Caroline
Published: April 2021

Although field education is in itself a pedagogical approach, other pedagogies can assist in and strengthen the field-learning experience. One such pedagogy is service learning. Service learning has been described as an experiential teaching approach that engages students in addressing community needs. Additionally, the service must support learning objectives within the course, as students reflect on their experience related to course objectives and reach a broader understanding of their profession and community life. Service learning can be offered as a component of field education via a service-learning capstone project (SLCP) that is competency-based. This article will examine the extant literature on service learning within the social work curriculum. Subsequently, a pedagogical model will be presented that embeds an SLCP within a BSW field practicum. Instructions, examples of completed SLCPs, an evaluative format for an SLCP presentation, and evaluative tools to measure impact of SLCPs on students and agencies are presented.
Writing a Literature Review: An Essential Component of Critical Thinking
Authors: Chandler Susanne , Dedman Denise
Published: April 2021

This teaching note describes how using the requirement of a literature review helped students become critical thinkers. Literature reviews, as assignments, are often difficult for students because of the need for intense writing, analysis, and evaluation. As part of a larger assignment, students read 7 to 10 research articles and discussed them in class. The students were then assigned the task of writing their own literature reviews using the same research articles. The authors explain how using the practice of critical reading and critical writing helped students engage their review of the literature with a critical thinking mindset.
Academic, Professional, and Community Outcomes of a Faculty-Mentored BASW Research Experience
Authors: Hughes Anne , Ortiz Daniel Vélez , Horner Pilar
Published: April 2021

This article examines the perceptions of bachelor of arts in social work (BASW) students engaged in faculty-mentored research projects. Students worked with faculty mentors on various research projects over the course of an academic year. The study assessed the effect of this experience on multiple factors such as skill improvement, interest in research, and perceptions of research. The research team developed a survey to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from participants. BASW students reported that the research mentorship was beneficial, with the majority reporting improved research skills, increased understanding of research, and a stronger connection to the social work research community. The research team identifies changes that could improve the experience and makes suggestions for future programming and research.
Social Work Students Confront Poverty's Impact in the Community: A Service Learning Project
Authors: Gray Judith , O'Neill Marissa
Published: April 2021

This article describes a unique community involvement project that was used to teach BSW students in a Social Work Practice With Groups course about poverty and a qualitative explorative study of student outcomes. The project included a poverty simulation in combination with 25 hours of service learning with people currently experiencing poverty. Very little research has been done on poverty simulations, and none has included a service learning component. Twenty-one college students participated. Student reflections were analyzed, and themes that emerged reflect achievement of course objectives. A content analysis was also completed identifying empathy and social action engagement. All 21 student reflections discussed an increase in empathy surrounding people in poverty. Sixty-seven percent of student reflections indicated social action engagement.
Teaching Note: Vivan Los Jornaleros: A Cross-Cultural Bilingual Community Service Collaborative
Authors: Cordova Wilma , Vivas Nora , Belanger Kathleen
Published: April 2021

This teaching note describes a cross-cultural bilingual community service collaboration designed to prepare students to engage diversity and advance justice. BSW students enrolled in a multicultural social work class were paired with students enrolled in an advanced Spanish class to deliver breakfast to primarily Spanish immigrant day laborers at the labor pool location. This paper describes the advance collaboration, the course purpose, the assignment, student preparation, and student learning outcomes from this exercise. English-speaking social work students and Spanish majors developed a heightened awareness of social injustices related to immigration reform and poverty and increased self-awareness. They recognized personal and community misperceptions about immigrants from Mexico and South America. Selections of student responses from reaction papers, formal writing assignments, oral presentations, narratives, and video recordings are provided.
Creating Learning Opportunities for the Enhancement of Critical Thinking Skills in BSW Education
Authors: Rowan Noell , Mathis Lynetta , Ellers Fran , Thompson Jaime
Published: April 2021

The Council on Social Work Education has identified the enhancement of critical thinking skills as a vital component in social work education. Educators are challenged to create learning opportunities for knowledge and skill development as it relates to critical thinking. This article offers a description of a specific project to emphasize improvement in critical thinking skills through a newly created Writing Skills for Social Workers course and increased rigor in a BSW capstone project. The process of obtaining funding for the project and the methods in place to sustain it are also provided. Results indicate 88% of the students involved in the overall project demonstrated the ability to use social work critical thinking skills necessary to examine evidence, provide a clear explanation of reasonable alternatives, and evaluate possible consequences. Recommendations to continue providing learning opportunities to enhance critical thinking skills in BSW education are discussed.
Social Workers and Family Planning Knowledge: Are We Still Gatekeepers?
Authors: Bell Melissa , Rubin Deborah
Published: April 2021

Social workers are in a position to provide contraceptive information to clients at high risk for unintended pregnancy. This paper reports on the results of an exploratory survey of licensed social workers in Pennsylvania (N=197) working with clients of childbearing age about their knowledge of contraceptive methods and policies regarding access to contraception. The majority of respondents reported that they did not feel they were knowledgeable about birth control issues. Particular gaps in their knowledge included information about emergency contraception and laws regarding access to contraception by minors. Respondents reported that social work courses do not adequately prepare students to discuss the provision of contraceptive information to clients. Implications for social work are discussed.
Oral Histories and Service Learning to Promote Geriatric Competence, Comfort, and Career Interest
Authors: Gammonley Denise , Mann Mary , Fleishman Daniel , Duran Lloyd , Lawrence Shawn , Abel Eileen
Published: April 2021

Gathering oral histories allows BSW students to learn and apply person-centered care principles through individualized social engagement with older adults. Thirty-three undergraduates enrolled in generalist practice took part in a semester long service-learning project gathering oral histories of older adults. A mixedmethods pre/post quasi-experimental design with a comparison group of BSW students engaged in service-learning in other settings evaluated the effects on student attainment of geriatric social work competencies, comfort engaging with older adults, and career interest. Relative to the comparison group, oral history students demonstrated statistically significant gains in values, assessment, intervention, and aging services geriatric competence. Competence related to values had the strongest effect size. Student comfort with older adults and career interest did not change. Although analysis of students’ critical reflections indicated that learning to communicate with cognitively impaired older adults was challenging, findings suggest that participant understanding of the aging process expanded.
Preparing BSW Students for Competency With Older Adults
Authors: Allen Susan , Kelly Michele , Brooks Latoya , Barnard Marie
Published: April 2021

As the population of older adults in the United States grows, there is an increasing need for social workers to serve this group. This study examines the effects of a gerontological social work curriculum infusion project for baccalaureate social work students at a southeastern state university that was funded by the John A. Hartford Foundation. Attitudes regarding interest in gerontology and perceived competency in gerontology- related skills were assessed pre- and postintervention. Nonparametric Wilcoxon matched- pairs signed rank tests revealed significant increases in interest in pursuing further gerontology- related experience and related competencies. Open- ended reflection comments were analyzed to further understand the students’ experience with the program. Results indicate that infusion of gerontological concepts into the curriculum increased the number of students interested in pursuing careers in gerontology, increased students’ competency with this population, and enhanced their understanding of the unique needs of older adults.
A CONGADA E O GRANDE BANQUETE (Lc 14,15-24)
Authors: Simoni Rosinalda Correa da Silva , Ferreira Joel Antonio , Pereira Northon Chapadense
Published: April 2021

procuramos descrever e comparar uma parábola do evangelho de Lucas com festejos da congada. Mesmo com anacronismo temporal, esse fenômeno pode ser estudado, desde que utilizemos métodos criteriosos. Quanto à leitura bíblica, utilizar-se-ão Métodos Histórico-Crítico e Leitura Conflitual/Contradição. Se no primeiro, procurar-se-á estudar os passos para se entender a perícope do Banquete, pelo Método Conflitual se procurará dar vozes a pobres e personagens invisíveis na Bíblia. Em Lucas (14,15-25) isso acontece, assim como na congada da Vila João Vaz, em Goiânia: durante os festejos se prepara um baquete para os menos favorecidos onde rei e rainha do festejo se sentam na mesa para comer juntos e festejar a palavra de Jesus. Esse banquete acontece após a missa festiva em homenagem aos santos negros, onde a Homília tem como base o evangelho de Lucas, assim como as reflexões sobre os pobres mencionados na Bíblia, os convidados para o almoço festivo.
AS TENTAÇÕES DE JESUS E A SIMBÓLICA DO MAL NA ECONOMIA DA PALESTINA DO SÉCULO I A.C.
Authors: Costa Rubens Alves
Published: April 2021

O Evangelho de Mateus 4,1-3.11 por meio de uma linguagem simbólica denuncia as relações de dominações ocorridas na Palestina do primeiro século a.C. Os agentes do mal denunciados pelo escritor são: o Império romano (agente externo) e os autóctones (agentes internos) que aderiam ao poder para dele tirar proveitos. Os principais atores da dominação interna eram a Dinastia herodiana, os sumo-sacerdotes e os coligados destes no Sinédrio. A carga tributária imposta por Roma, as desapropriações de terras e a concentração da riqueza nas mãos de poucos exauriam a economia regional. A população da base da pirâmide passava fome, sede, estava doente, não tinha teto e nem terras para produção dos víveres necessários às suas existências. Para reverter o status de mal-estar social em bem-estar social a comunidade mateana deveria praticar a solidariedade e a partilha procedentes da justiça do Reino de Deus.