bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective radical cascade (4+2) annulation with olefins towards the synthesis of chroman derivatives via organo-photoredox catalysis
Authors: Guan Zhipeng , Zhong Xingxing , Ye Yayu , Li Xiangwei , Cong Hengjiang , Yi Hong , Zhang Heng , Huang Zhiliang , Lei Aiwen
Published: April 2022

We have developed a (4 + 2) radical annulation approach for the synthesis of diverse chromans. This method is complementary to the traditional Diels–Alder [4 + 2] annulation of ortho-quinone methides and electron-rich dienophiles.
Probing emission of a DNA-stabilized silver nanocluster from the sub-nanosecond to millisecond timescale in a single measurement
Authors: Liisberg Mikkel Baldtzer , Krause Stefan , Cerretani Cecilia , Vosch Tom
Published: April 2022

A method for measuring emission over a range of sub-nanosecond to millisecond timescales is presented and demonstrated for a DNA-stabilized silver nanocluster (DNA-AgNC) displaying dual emission.
Cold-pressed fruit and vegetable juice pomaces: decision making about their suitability for anaerobic digestion
Authors: Lewis Lopes Sofia , Fragoso Rita , D' Almeida Duarte Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Data collected at industrial level was used to design an approach for exploratory assessment. Two possible valorization routes are proposed according to fruit and vegetable pomaces' characteristics.
Kagome lattice made by impenetrable ellipses with attractive walls
Authors: Baumketner A. , Melnyk R.
Published: April 2022

Low-dimensional structures are experiencing a renewed interest within the scientific community. Here we show that one such structure − kagome lattice, can be made by hard-core ellipses with attractive walls.
Possible tidal dissipation in millisecond pulsar binaries
Authors: Wang D. , Gong B. P.
Published: April 2022

Aims. The post-Keplerian(PK) parameters inferred from pulsar timing provide a convenient way to test Einstein’s general theory of relativity. However, before obtaining a pure orbital decay Ṗb induced by gravitational wave radiation, which is one of the PK parameters, a number of factors need to be accounted for carefully. The effect of tidal dissipation on Ṗb has been thought of as negligible. Here, we investigate the data for possible effects of tidal dissipation on Ṗb.

Methods. The possibility of the tidal dissipation as a contributor to Ṗb in a large sample of millisecond pulsar binaries is investigated in detail.

Results. We collected a large sample of pulsar binaries with measured Ṗb. All of the systems are millisecond pulsars. The residual ṖbRes of these systems was obtained by subtracting the three normal effects, that is to say the effect of Shklovskii, line-of-sight acceleration, and gravitational radiation. Assuming that tidal dissipation is responsible for such a residual ṖbResa, the tidal parameters of these systems can be calculated and compared with the tidal models.

Conclusions. The residual ṖbResa is distributed over the half positive and half negative. The dynamical tidal model can explain the residual Ṗb of millisecond pulsar-white dwarf binaries. And the Love number of the main-sequence companion of PSR J1227-4853 can be derived as a reasonable value k2 = 0.177−0.058+0.098 with the equilibrium tidal model. Those results are compatible with the scenario of tidal dissipation. Additionally, a weak correlation between the tidal parameter and orbital period is revealed, likely originating in the tidal process of the recycled stage which is worthy of further investigation.
Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and Atherothrombotic Risk
Authors: Murphy Andrew J. , Dragoljevic Dragana , Natarajan Pradeep , Wang Nan
Published: April 2022

Hematopoiesis is the process of blood production, essential for the continued supply of immune cells and red blood cells. However, the proliferative nature of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) renders them susceptible to developing somatic mutations. HSCs carrying a mutation can gain a selective advantage over normal HSCs and result in hematological disorders. One such disorder is termed clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a premalignant state associated with aging, where the mutant HSCs are responsible for producing a small portion of mature immune cells in the circulation and subsequently in tissues. People with CHIP have been shown to have an increased risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Why this occurs is under rigorous investigation, but the majority of the studies to date have suggested that increased atherosclerosis is due to heightened inflammatory cytokine release from mutant lesional macrophages. However, given CHIP is driven by several mutations, other hematopoietic lineages can be altered to promote CVD. In this review we explore the relationship between mutations in genes causing CHIP and atherothrombotic disorders, along with potential mechanisms of enhanced clonal outgrowth and potential therapies and strategies to slow CHIP progression.
Non-Surgical Devices for Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Deot Neal , Obayemi Adetokunbo , Davila Richard O.
Published: April 2022

Nasal obstruction is a common presenting complaint in most otolaryngology practices. A reduction of nasal airflow can contribute to exercise intolerance, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and an overall decreased quality of life. When medical management for non-anatomical issues fails to resolve the obstruction, surgeries targeting nasal obstruction—namely septorhinoplasty and/or inferior turbinate reduction are often considered. A frequently overlooked alternative for these patients is the wide array of non-surgical and minimally invasive appliances available to address nasal obstruction. This article attempts to provide a basic overview of these devices, benefits, and limitations, and the evidence supporting their efficacy in alleviating nasal obstruction.
Phenotypic Detection of ESBL, AmpC, MBL, and Their Co-occurrence among MDR Enterobacteriaceae Isolates
Authors: Salvia Thounaojam , Dolma Karma G. , Dhakal Om Prakash , Khandelwal Bidita , Singh Laishram Shantikumar
Published: April 2022

Background Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, and metallo-β lactamases (MBL), and their co-existence among members of Enterobacteriaceae pose newer diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The present study examines the ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production by various phenotypic methods and their co-occurrence among the multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates.

Materials and Methods Four hundred non-repetitive Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were collected from the Central Referral Hospital, Sikkim. The isolates were used for identification and their antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. ESBL was detected by double-disc synergy test (DDST) and phenotypic confirmatory disc-diffusion test (PCDDT), AmpC detection by AmpC E-test, and boronic acid disc diffusion (BD) test. MBL was detected using the imipenem–imipenem/EDTA disc and carba-NP tests.

Results Around 76% were considered MDR. ESBL was seen in 58% and 50.4% based on DDST and phenotypic confirmation disc-diffusion test (PCDDT), respectively. AmpC was detected in 11.8% and 13.1% using a commercial E-test and boronic acid test, respectively. MBL were identified in 12.8% and 14.8% based on MBL imipenem-EDTA and carba-NP tests, respectively. Co-occurrence of ESBL and AmpC, ESBL and MBL, AmpC and MBL was seen in 5.2%, 11.5%, 1.3%, respectively, whereas a combination of these three β-lactamases was observed in only 0.3% of 304 MDR isolates.

Conclusion The findings highlight a high prevalence of β-lactamases and their co-production among the Enterobacteriaceae, mainly in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates. The study further highlights the necessity to identify the MDR β-lactamases stains for effective therapy in severe as well as mild bacterial infections, thereby enabling to reduce the risk of MDR in hospital and community settings.
Stability for QED in d = 3: An overview
Authors: Dimock J.
Published: April 2022

We report on a result on quantum electrodynamics on a three-dimensional Euclidean spacetime. The model is formulated on a toroidal lattice with unit volume and variable lattice spacing. The result is that the renormalized partition function is bounded above and below uniformly in the lattice spacing. This is a first step toward showing that the partition function and correlation functions have limits as the lattice spacing goes to zero.
Live cell microscopy: From image to insight
Authors: Cuny Andreas P. , Schlottmann Fabian P. , Ewald Jennifer C. , Pelet Serge , Schmoller Kurt M.
Published: April 2022

Live-cell microscopy is a powerful tool that can reveal cellular behavior as well as the underlying molecular processes. A key advantage of microscopy is that by visualizing biological processes, it can provide direct insights. Nevertheless, live-cell imaging can be technically challenging and prone to artifacts. For a successful experiment, many careful decisions are required at all steps from hardware selection to downstream image analysis. Facing these questions can be particularly intimidating due to the requirement for expertise in multiple disciplines, ranging from optics, biophysics, and programming to cell biology. In this review, we aim to summarize the key points that need to be considered when setting up and analyzing a live-cell imaging experiment. While we put a particular focus on yeast, many of the concepts discussed are applicable also to other organisms. In addition, we discuss reporting and data sharing strategies that we think are critical to improve reproducibility in the field.
Engineering organic–inorganic perovskite planar heterojunction for efficient carbon dots based light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jia Haoran , Ma Huanyu , Liu Xiangyang , Xu Donghui , Yuan Ting , Zou Chao , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: April 2022

When it comes to building high-efficiency thin-film optoelectronic devices, we are constantly striving to improve the efficiency of charge transport and injection. Device performance is hampered by the low mobility and injection ability of organic charge transporting materials that are routinely used. In this paper, we show that instead of using organics as a hole transporting layer, metal halide perovskite can be used to fabricate high-efficiency carbon dots-based light-emitting diodes for the first time. The organic light-emitting layer and the underlying perovskite layer combine to form an organic–inorganic perovskite planar heterojunction, and the sufficient contact at the junction takes advantage of the high charge mobility of perovskite, facilitating the hole transportation and injection. Moreover, the interaction between perovskite and the organic emitting layer can be engineered via manipulating the halogenic component, thickness, surface morphology, etc., contributing to the device optimization and the understanding of the carrier kinetics in this unique organic–inorganic hybrid optoelectronic device. Our work comprehensively evaluates the full potentials of metal halide perovskite as a hole transporting layer by uncovering the positive effect on hole transportation and injection. As a consequence, our findings open up new avenues for the development of efficient carbon dot-based light-emitting diodes.
Large-eddy simulations of self-excited thermoacoustic instability in a premixed swirling combustor with an outlet nozzle
Authors: Sun Yuze , Zhao Dan , Ji Chenzhen , Zhu Tong , Rao Zhuming , Wang Bing
Published: April 2022

Reducing the footprint of greenhouse gases and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from combustion systems means that they have been operating under lean or ultra-lean fuel–air premixed conditions. Under such conditions, self-excited large-amplitude pulsating thermoacoustic instabilities may occur, characterized by deafening combustion noises and even “violent” structural vibrations, which is, therefore, highly undesirable in practice. By conducting chemical reaction-thermodynamics-acoustics-swirling flow coupling investigations, we have numerically explored the generation and mitigation mechanisms of self-excited pulsating oscillations in a methane-fueled swirling combustor in the presence and absence of an outlet nozzle. Hence, a large-eddy simulation was performed on a fully three-dimensional compressible flow via an open-source platform, OpenFOAM. Furthermore, a thorough assessment was made to understand the fundamental physics of the interaction of the swirling flame, either constructively or destructively, to the acoustic pressure perturbations by examining the local Rayleigh criterion/index. A further explanation was made on implementing the outlet nozzle that can mitigate such periodic pulsating combustion via attenuating the fuel fraction fluctuations, vortices processing, and changing temperature field. It was also found that the dominant pulsating mode is switched from the 1/4 standing-wave wavelength mode to the 3/4 wavelength mode. Finally, more physical insights were obtained by conducting a proper orthogonal decomposition analysis on the energy distribution between the thermoacoustic modes.
Planning of distributed energy storage by a complex network approach
Authors: Wu Qigang , Xue Fei , Lu Shaofeng , Jiang Lin , Wang Xiaoliang , Huang Tao
Published: April 2022

An energy storage system (ESS) has been considered one promising technology in dealing with challenges from the risk of power fluctuations and load mismatch in power girds. A distributed ESS (DESS) has better efficiency in reducing net losses and operating costs. The net-ability quantifies the power transmission ability across the grid where power is delivered from generators to loads under constraints. This paper proposes a new complex network-based metric: energy storage performance (ESP), for assessing the significance of the DESS inside a power grid. It aids the optimal location selections by improving grids' net-ability structurally. An auxiliary genetic algorithm (GA) sizing strategy is also deployed for deciding the optimal capacity of each DESS with the minimum daily operating and investment costs. The result shows that the DESS improves the rate of cost reduction within an equivalent 24-h daily operation. Moreover, this methodology finds quasi-optimal solutions with better feasibility and efficiency. The improvement of network performance by the DESS depends on its original structure. The result shows that with the assistance of siting plan by a complex network theory, the calculation efficiency improves and performs better in larger power grids. In the IEEE-30 test system, our solution is about 1/3 calculation time as the GA search. The quasi-optimal costs 1.8% more than the optimal searched by the GA. Meanwhile, the DESS can save more cost for networks with higher network-wide ESP value. In the IEEE-118 and IEEE-300 test systems, only the proposed hybrid-GA search can find a solution within a limited calculation time. Therefore, it could be promising in solving siting issues in the planning of smart grids.
Temporary velocity correction-based immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible flows in porous media at representative elementary volume scale
Authors: Liu Xiang , Tong Zi-Xiang , He Ya-Ling
Published: April 2022

The immersed boundary (IB)–lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is an effective strategy for complex boundary condition treatment. By adding an extra body force term in the LB equation properly, the specific velocity boundary condition can be enforced in this method. However, when it comes to incompressible flows through porous media at the representative elementary volume (REV) scale, the conventional IB–LB method fails because the velocity and the force term induced by porous media are coupled. In order to solve this problem, a temporary velocity is used to construct the IB-induced force term with the enforcement of the velocity boundary condition. The temporary velocity is decomposed into the intermediate temporary velocity and the corresponding correction. By this treatment, the temporary velocity correction is the linear function of the IB-induced force term. Furthermore, to obtain the force term accounting for the IB, the velocity boundary condition is transformed to the temporary velocity. Consequently, a temporary velocity correction-based IB–LB method is established for the incompressible flows at the REV scale. To avoid the error of explicitly calculating the IB-induced force term, the multi-direct-forcing scheme is employed in which iteration is carried out in terms of the specific boundary condition. The proposed IB–LB method for REV-scale incompressible flows is applied for the Couette flow in a porous annulus and lid driven flow in a square cavity filled with porous matrix. Numerical results show the computational accuracy of the developed IB–LB method.
A novel general modeling of the viscoelastic properties of fluids: Application to mechanical relaxation and low frequency oscillation measurements of liquid water
Authors: Aitken F. , Volino F.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to calculate the time dependence of the mean position (and orientation) of a fluid particle when a fluid system at thermodynamic equilibrium is submitted to a mechanical action. The starting point of this novel theoretical approach is the introduction of a mechanical energy functional. Then using the notions of inertial modes and action temperature, and assuming a mechanical energy equipartition principle per mode, the model predicts the existence of a dynamic phase transition where the rheological behavior of the medium evolves from a solid-like to a liquid-like regime when the mechanical action is increased. The well-known Newtonian behavior is recovered as the limiting case. The present modeling is applied to the analysis of recent liquid water viscoelastic data pointing out a prevalent elastic behavior in confined geometry. It is demonstrated that the model makes it possible to understand these data in a coherent and unified way with the transport properties (viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient). It is concluded that any finite volume of fluid at rest possesses a static shear elasticity and should therefore be considered as a solid-like medium.
Confinement effect on the viscoelastic particle ordering in microfluidic flows: Numerical simulations and experiments
Authors: Jeyasountharan Anoshanth , D'Avino Gaetano , Del Giudice Francesco
Published: April 2022

Strings of equally spaced particles, also called particle trains, have been employed in several applications, including flow cytometry and particle or cell encapsulation. Recently, the formation of particle trains in viscoelastic liquids has been demonstrated. However, only a few studies have focused on the topic, with several questions remaining unanswered. We here perform numerical simulations and experiments to elucidate the effect of the confinement ratio on the self-ordering dynamics of particles suspended in a viscoelastic liquid and flowing on the centerline of a microfluidic channel. For a fixed channel size, the particles self-order on shorter distances as the particle size increases due to the enhanced hydrodynamic interactions. At relatively low linear concentrations, the relative particle velocities scale with the fourth power of the confinement ratio when plotted as a function of the distance between the particle surfaces normalized by the channel diameter. As the linear concentration increases, the average interparticle spacing reduces and the scaling is lost, with an increasing probability to form strings of particles in contact. To reduce the number of aggregates, a microfluidic device made of an array of trapezoidal elements is fabricated and tested. The particle aggregates reduce down to 5% of the overall particle number, significantly enhancing the ordering efficiency. A good agreement between numerical simulations and experiments is found.
Further delays at ITER are certain, but their duration isn’t clear
Authors: Kramer David
Published: April 2022

A halt to construction, pandemic-caused delays in deliveries, labor strife, and concerns about potential beryllium exposure are among recent challenges to the fusion project.
Calcium carbide residue — a key inorganic component of the sustainable carbon cycle
Authors: Rodygin K. S. , Gyrdymova Yu. V. , Ananikov V. P.
Published: April 2022

The transfer of waste materials from the chemical industry to the building sector is an emerging area of sustainable development. Leftovers, by-products, tails and sludge from chemical processes may be valuable components of building mixtures. Feeding the construction industry by chemical wastes is a profitable chain for both sectors. In fact, calcium carbide residue (CCR) can be considered a link between the chemical industry and construction materials. Carbide sludge is the main waste product of acetylene gas production from calcium carbide. The released acetylene is actively used in the modern chemical industry. An alternative method of acetylene production — the cracking of oil and gas — is beyond sustainability; thus, the carbide route is more promising in the hydrocarbon-free future. However, the carbide route is accompanied by a significant amount of the side-product carbide sludge, which is currently used as a CO2 capture agent, binder, building material, in inorganic synthesis, etc. In this review, the potential of carbide sludge in the construction industry and other areas is highlighted.
 The bibliography includes 310 references.
Butterfly and the Ants
Authors: McCabe Kate , Berlach Nicole
Published: April 2022

A tiny caterpillar begins its journey towards becoming a magnificent butterfly.
The Butterfly and the Ants tells the wonderful true story of a butterfly's lifecycle. 'Blue' might seem an odd name for a small caterpillar, but follow him as he meets some welcoming ants, produces honey and undergoes an amazing transformation. You'll also discover how he gets his name!
Beautifully illustrated, this engaging story offers an insight into the fascinating relationships between plants, butterflies and ants.
Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 6 to 9.
Feather and Brush
Authors: Olsen Penny
Published: April 2022

Feather and Brush traces the history of bird art in Australia – from the simple engravings illustrating accounts of the earliest European voyages of discovery to the diversity of artwork available today. It explores the early European approach, in which naval draughtsmen, officers, convicts, settlers, naturalists, artists and scientists alike contributed both to the art and the science of ornithology, through to a wealth of contemporary artists who feature birds in their works.

This book contains more than 400 images, representing the work of 158 artists; some well-known, others published for the first time. The illustrations have been selected for their interest, whether ornithological, historical or artistic. They range from classical to quirky, decorative to functional, monumental to intimate. Together they demonstrate the rich history of Australian bird art, as it evolved in Europe and Australia, and continues today, along with the trends and technologies of the times.

This second edition includes new and revised chapters, and features about 200 new artworks, including some by Indigenous artists.

Cultural sensitivity
Readers are warned that there may be words, descriptions and terms used or referenced in this book that are culturally sensitive. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be aware that this book contains images and names of deceased persons.
Patient concerns regarding antidepressant drug–drug interactions: a retrospective analysis using data from a medicines call centre
Authors: Poon Edgar L. , Lim Hyang Joo , Hollingworth Samantha A. , van Driel Mieke L. , Pache David M. , Moses Geraldine M. , McGuire Treasure M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction Antidepressant use has increased over the last two decades, with Australia and New Zealand among the highest antidepressant users in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Comorbidity and polypharmacy are common in antidepressant users, increasing the likelihood of interaction-related adverse drug events, which are frequently preventable. Aim We aimed to identify, profile, and analyse potential antidepressant drug–drug interactions in information-seeking antidepressant users. Methods We retrospectively analysed antidepressant-related drug–drug interaction enquiries from patients or carers who contacted a pharmacist-led Australian national medicines call centre over an 8-year period to determine patient characteristics, concomitant drugs involved, prevalence and type of antidepressant-related drug–drug interaction across life stages, and associated risks. Results Of 3899 antidepressant drug–drug interaction calls, the most frequent concomitant drugs were antipsychotics, opioids, benzodiazepines, and complementary medicines. Narrative analyses of 2011 calls identified 81.0% of patients with potential drug–drug interactions and 10.4% categorised with worrying symptoms. The most frequent drug–drug interaction risks were excessive sedation, increased anticholinergic effects, serotonin syndrome, and suicidal thoughts. Carers of children aged <15 years and older adults (65–74 years) were more likely to report experiencing worrying symptoms. Although more potential pharmacodynamic than pharmacokinetic interactions were recorded, pharmacokinetic interactions tended to have more significant clinical impact. Discussion Antidepressant users often have information gaps and safety concerns regarding drug–drug interactions that motivate help-seeking behaviour. Symptoms and drug–drug interaction consequences may be underestimated in these patients. Primary care health professionals have a role in proactively addressing the risk of drug–drug interactions to support benefit-risk assessment and shared decision-making.
Emergent effects of global change on consumption depend on consumers and their resources in marine systems
Authors: Kindinger Tye L. , Toy Jason A. , Kroeker Kristy J.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Understanding the effects of global change on species interactions is important for predicting emergent ecosystem changes. Although environmental change can have direct effects on consumers, it is unclear if consumption will change in any generalizable way when both the consumer and resource(s) are exposed to future conditions. Using meta-analysis, we show high variability in consumption rates in response to ocean acidification and warming, indicating conclusions that suggest consumption will generally increase or decrease in a future ocean are premature. We also demonstrate how the interpretation is dependent on whether only the consumer or both the consumer and its resource(s) are exposed to future conditions. Based on these findings, we provide a road map for future research in this area.
Deep models of superficial face judgments
Authors: Peterson Joshua C. , Uddenberg Stefan , Griffiths Thomas L. , Todorov Alexander , Suchow Jordan W.
Published: April 2022

Significance

We quickly and irresistibly form impressions of what other people are like based solely on how their faces look. These impressions have real-life consequences ranging from hiring decisions to sentencing decisions. We model and visualize the perceptual bases of facial impressions in the most comprehensive fashion to date, producing photorealistic models of 34 perceived social and physical attributes (e.g., trustworthiness and age). These models leverage and demonstrate the utility of deep learning in face evaluation, allowing for 1) generation of an infinite number of faces that vary along these perceived attribute dimensions, 2) manipulation of any face photograph along these dimensions, and 3) prediction of the impressions any face image may evoke in the general (mostly White, North American) population.
Climate change–induced population pressure drives high rates of lethal violence in the Prehispanic central Andes
Authors: McCool Weston C. , Codding Brian F. , Vernon Kenneth B. , Wilson Kurt M. , Yaworsky Peter M. , Marwan Norbert , Kennett Douglas J.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Warfare and homicide are pervasive features of the human experience, yet scholars struggle to understand the conditions that promote violence. Climate and conflict research has revealed many linkages between climate change and human violence; however, studies often produce contrary findings, and the driving mechanisms remain difficult to identify. We suggest a solution is to identify conditions producing resource scarcity, which are necessarily a combination of climate and population dynamics. We examine patterns of lethal violence in the Prehispanic Andes and find that favorable climate conditions fostered rapid population growth within a circumscribed landscape, resulting in chronic warfare. Our work suggests that an increasingly unstable climate may promote future violence, where favorable climate regimes incentivize population growth and attendant resource strain.
Propulsive colonic contractions are mediated by inhibition-driven poststimulus responses that originate in interstitial cells of Cajal
Authors: Koh Sang Don , Drumm Bernard T. , Lu Hongli , Kim Hyun Jin , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Kim Heung-Up , Lee Ji Yeon , Rhee Poong-Lyul , Wang Qianqian , Gould Thomas W. , Heredia Dante , Perrino Brian A. , Hwang Sung Jin , Ward Sean M. , Sanders Kenton M.
Published: April 2022

Significance

The peristaltic reflex elicits colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) that are thought to be generated by enteric excitatory neurons stimulating smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We found that atropine did not block CMMCs and present a concept showing that poststimulus excitatory responses following nitrergic responses in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are responsible for initiation of CMMCs. Ca
2+
transients in ICC are inhibited by nitrergic stimulation. After the inhibitory period, Ca
2+
transients are increased, activating currents that are conducted to SMCs and initiate propagated contractions. Poststimulus excitation generated by ICC explains the properties of CMMCs. This is important because current therapeutic manipulation of colonic transit is typically directed at strengthening cholinergic responses, whereas targeting nitrergic responses may be more suitable.
The origin of dative subjects and psych predicate constructions in Japanese
Authors: Yanagida Yuko
Published: April 2022

There is considerable literature on dative subject or non-canonical subject marking constructions in Japanese, and yet they have been studied mainly from a synchronic point of view. This paper investigates the diachronic dimension of non-canonical case marking constructions in Japanese. FollowingYanagida and Whitman (2009), I assume that Old Japanese (700–800 A.D.) displays split active alignment. This paper argues that dative subjects arose as a byproduct of a change occurring from active-inactive to accusative alignment. A factor triggering this change was the reanalysis of some particular object experiencer predicates as intransitives due to the loss of the vestigial causative suffix associated with the predicate. Synchronically, these constructions involve a voice alternation of the type identified as the psych causative alternation byAlexiadou and Iordăchioaia (2014): object experiencer verbs behave parallel to causative verbs whereas alternating subject experiencer verbs behave parallel to anticausative verbs.
Tactical positioning in short‐track speed skating: The utility of race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions
Authors: Hext Andrew , Hettinga Florentina Johanna , McInerney Ciarán
Published: April 2022

In short‐track speed skating, tactical positioning is essential for success as the race format (head‐to‐head) prioritises finishing position over finishing time. At present, our understanding of this phenomenon is based on measuring the similarity between athletes’ intermediate and final rankings. However, as this approach groups athlete performances across races, each lap's estimate of tactical importance ignores the athlete‐opponent interactions specific to each race. Here, we examine the utility of race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions for investigating tactical positioning. Using intermediate and final rankings of elite 1,000 m short‐track speed skating competitors collected from 2010/11–2017/18 (n = 6,196, races = 1,549), we compared the current method to a novel approach that accounted for race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions. This approach first applied the current method to each race independently before using these values to form (1) discrete, empirical distributions of each lap's tactical importance and (2) race‐specific tactical positioning sequences. Our results showed that accounting for race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions provided a higher measurement granularity (i.e. level of detail) for investigating tactical positioning in short‐track speed skating, which better captured the complexity of the phenomenon. We observed 61 different tactical positioning behaviours and 1,269 unique tactical positioning sequences compared to the current approach's nine‐point estimates of tactical positioning importance. For this reason, we recommend that researchers and practitioners account for race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions in the future as it offers a deeper understanding of tactical positioning that will enhance both strategic and tactical decisions.

Highlights

We compare the current approach for investigating tactical positioning to a novel approach that accounts for race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions.

We show that accounting for race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions provides a higher measurement granularity (i.e. level of detail) for investigating tactical positioning in short‐track speed skating.

We demonstrate that this increased measurement granularity can facilitate a deeper understanding of tactical positioning by (1) producing theoretically‐more‐correct point estimates of tactical positioning importance, (2) enabling more rigorous statistical analyses into the effect of athlete‐environment interactions on tactical positioning behaviour, and (3) allowing sequential analyses that capture the progressive relationships between laps.

We recommend that researchers and practitioners account for race‐specific athlete‐opponent interactions in future investigations, as the findings will enhance analyst, coach, and athlete preparation for the strategic and tactical decision‐making process essential for success in short‐track.
Tumor suppressor BAP1 nuclear import is governed by transportin-1
Authors: Yang Tzu-Jing , Li Tian-Neng , Huang Rih-Sheng , Pan Max Yu-Chen , Lin Shu-Yu , Lin Steven , Wu Kuen-Phon , Wang Lily Hui-Ching , Hsu Shang-Te Danny
Published: April 2022

Subcellular localization of the deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is deterministic for its tumor suppressor activity. While the monoubiquitination of BAP1 by an atypical E2/E3-conjugated enzyme UBE2O and BAP1 auto-deubiquitination are known to regulate its nuclear localization, the molecular mechanism by which BAP1 is imported into the nucleus has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrated that transportin-1 (TNPO1, also known as Karyopherin β2 or Kapβ2) targets an atypical C-terminal proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signal (PY-NLS) motif of BAP1 and serves as the primary nuclear transporter of BAP1 to achieve its nuclear import. TNPO1 binding dissociates dimeric BAP1 and sequesters the monoubiquitination sites flanking the PY-NLS of BAP1 to counteract the function of UBE2O that retains BAP1 in the cytosol. Our findings shed light on how TNPO1 regulates the nuclear import, self-association, and monoubiquitination of BAP1 pertinent to oncogenesis.
Quantum mechanical simulation of various phases of KVF3 perovskite
Authors: El-Kelany Khaled E , Pascale Fabien , Platonenko Alexander , Ferrari Anna Maria , Dovesi Roberto
Published: April 2022

The relative stability ΔE of the cubic Pm

3

¯

m (C), of the two tetragonal P

4

m

bm (T1) and I

4

m

cm (T2), and of the orthorhombic Pbnm (O) phases of KVF3 has been computed both for the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) solutions, by using the B3LYP full range hybrid functional and the Hartree–Fock (HF) Hamiltonian, an all-electron Gaussian type basis set and the CRYSTAL code. The stabilization of the T2 phase with respect to the C one (152 μHa for B3LYP, 180 μHa for HF, per 2 formula units) is due to the rotation of the VF6 octahedra with respect to the c axis, by 4.1–4.6 degrees. The O phase is slightly less stable than the T2 phase (by 6 and 20 μHa for B3LYP and HF); it is, however, a stable structure as the dynamical analysis confirms. The mechanism of the stabilization of the AFM solution with respect to the FM one is discussed through the spin density maps, and is related to the key role of the exact exchange term (20% in B3LYP, 100% in HF). The G-AFM phase (the first six neighbors of the reference V ion with spin reversed) is more stable than the FM one by about 500 (HF) and 1800 (B3LYP) μHa per two formula units. A volume reduction is observed in the C to T passage, and in the FM to AFM one, both being of the order of 0.3–0.5

A

˚

3

at the B3LYP level. Atomic charges, magnetic moments and bond populations, evaluated according to a Mulliken partition of the charge a spin density functions, complete the analysis. The IR and Raman spectra of the FM and AFM C, T2 and O cells are discussed; the only noticeable difference between the various space groups appears in the modes with wavenumbers lower than 100 cm−1.
Quantum model learning agent: characterisation of quantum systems through machine learning
Authors: Flynn Brian , Gentile Antonio A , Wiebe Nathan , Santagati Raffaele , Laing Anthony
Published: April 2022

Accurate models of real quantum systems are important for investigating their behaviour, yet are difficult to distil empirically. Here, we report an algorithm—the quantum model learning agent (QMLA)—to reverse engineer Hamiltonian descriptions of a target system. We test the performance of QMLA on a number of simulated experiments, demonstrating several mechanisms for the design of candidate Hamiltonian models and simultaneously entertaining numerous hypotheses about the nature of the physical interactions governing the system under study. QMLA is shown to identify the true model in the majority of instances, when provided with limited a priori information, and control of the experimental setup. Our protocol can explore Ising, Heisenberg and Hubbard families of models in parallel, reliably identifying the family which best describes the system dynamics. We demonstrate QMLA operating on large model spaces by incorporating a genetic algorithm to formulate new hypothetical models. The selection of models whose features propagate to the next generation is based upon an objective function inspired by the Elo rating scheme, typically used to rate competitors in games such as chess and football. In all instances, our protocol finds models that exhibit F
1  score ⩾ 0.88 when compared with the true model, and it precisely identifies the true model in 72% of cases, whilst exploring a space of over 250 000 potential models. By testing which interactions actually occur in the target system, QMLA is a viable tool for both the exploration of fundamental physics and the characterisation and calibration of quantum devices.
QUBIC IV: Performance of TES bolometers and readout electronics
Authors: Piat M. , Stankowiak G. , Battistelli E.S. , de Bernardis P. , D'Alessandro G. , De Petris M. , Grandsire L. , Hamilton J.-Ch. , Hoang T.D. , Marnieros S. , Masi S. , Mennella A. , Mousset L. , O'Sullivan C. , Prêle D. , Tartari A. , Thermeau J.-P. , Torchinsky S.A. , Voisin F. , Zannoni M. , Ade P. , Alberro J.G. , Almela A. , Amico G. , Arnaldi L.H. , Auguste D. , Aumont J. , Azzoni S. , Banfi S. , Baù A. , Bélier B. , Bennett D. , Bergé L. , Bernard J.-Ph. , Bersanelli M. , Bigot-Sazy M.-A. , Bonaparte J. , Bonis J. , Bunn E. , Burke D. , Buzi D. , Cavaliere F. , Chanial P. , Chapron C. , Charlassier R. , Cobos Cerutti A.C. , Columbro F. , Coppolecchia A. , De Gasperis G. , De Leo M. , Dheilly S. , Duca C. , Dumoulin L. , Etchegoyen A. , Fasciszewski A. , Ferreyro L.P. , Fracchia D. , Franceschet C. , Gamboa Lerena M.M. , Ganga K.M. , García B. , García Redondo M.E. , Gaspard M. , Gayer D. , Gervasi M. , Giard M. , Gilles V. , Giraud-Heraud Y. , Gómez Berisso M. , González M. , Gradziel M. , Hampel M.R. , Harari D. , Henrot-Versillé S. , Incardona F. , Jules E. , Kaplan J. , Kristukat C. , Lamagna L. , Loucatos S. , Louis T. , Maffei B. , Marty W. , Mattei A. , May A. , McCulloch M. , Mele L. , Melo D. , Montier L. , Mundo L.M. , Murphy J.A. , Murphy J.D. , Nati F. , Olivieri E. , Oriol C. , Paiella A. , Pajot F. , Passerini A. , Pastoriza H. , Pelosi A. , Perbost C. , Perciballi M. , Pezzotta F. , Piacentini F. , Piccirillo L. , Pisano G. , Platino M. , Polenta G. , Puddu R. , Rambaud D. , Rasztocky E. , Ringegni P. , Romero G.E. , Salum J.M. , Schillaci A. , Scóccola C.G. , Scully S. , Spinelli S. , Stolpovskiy M. , Supanitsky A.D. , Timbie P. , Tomasi M. , Tucker C. , Tucker G. , Viganò D. , Vittorio N. , Wicek F. , Wright M. , Zullo A.
Published: April 2022

A prototype version of the Q & U bolometric interferometer for cosmology (QUBIC) underwent a campaign of testing in the laboratory at
Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology laboratory in Paris (APC). The detection chain is currently made of 256 NbSi transition edge sensors (TES) cooled to 320 mK. The readout system is a 128:1 time domain multiplexing scheme based on 128 SQUIDs cooled at 1 K that are controlled and amplified by a SiGe application specific integrated circuit at 40 K. We report the performance of this readout chain and the characterization of the TES. The readout system has been functionally tested and characterized in the lab and in QUBIC. The low noise amplifier demonstrated a white noise level of 0.3 nV/√Hz. Characterizations of the QUBIC detectors and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the noise equivalent power. The QUBIC TES bolometer array has approximately 80% detectors within operational parameters. It demonstrated a thermal decoupling compatible with a phonon noise of about 5 × 10-17 W/√Hz at 410 mK critical temperature. While still limited by microphonics from the pulse tubes and noise aliasing from readout system, the instrument noise equivalent power is about
2 × 10-16 W/√Hz, enough for the demonstration of bolometric interferometry.
Inflation with antisymmetric tensor field: new candidates
Authors: Aashish Sandeep , Ajith Abhijith , Panda Sukanta , Thakur Rahul
Published: April 2022

We study classes of inflation models driven by antisymmetric
tensor field, with minimal and nonminimal couplings to gravity, that
address the known issues of such models considered in the
past. First, we show that with a different choice of the background
structure of the antisymmetric tensor field, inflation is supported
even for the minimal model with quadratic potential contrary to past
results. We also include the nonminimal coupling to gravity and
analyse perturbations to the antisymmetric tensor as well as the
tensor modes of perturbed metric. The two models differ in terms of
the behaviour of tensor modes, where the speed of the gravitational
wave can be tuned to c in the latter model. The power spectrum and
spectral index receive slight scale dependence. Finally, we
consider a quartic potential motivated by the graceful exit to
reheating phase, which requires a nonminimal coupling to support
inflation. The two tensor modes of the perturbed metric are found to
evolve differently in this model, and give rise to a highly
scale-dependent power spectrum.
Implementation of Fast Measurement System of Semiconductor Device Parameter Temperature Coefficient Based on FPGA
Authors: Li Tianqi , Feng Shiwei , Bai Kun , Ni Yijia
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a fast temperature coefficient measurement system based on FPGA is presented to rapidly measure the temperature coefficient of semiconductor device parameters. The design methods of hardware circuit, software system and FPGA program are put forward here. The system uses the heating platform to linearly raise the temperature of the device, and collects the voltage and temperature information in real time. Through the integration and processing of a large number of data, the temperature coefficient of DUT can be obtained rapidly and accurately. Based on this system, the silicon-based Schottky barrier diode (Si SBD) is studied, and the diode temperature coefficient is obtained. Compared with the steady-state method to verify the rapidity, accuracy and efficiency of the system. It can be used in the field of electrical and thermal measurement of semiconductor devices.
Potential lines of black rice crossing with Jeliteng variety and their reciprocals
Authors: Nandariyah  , Yuniastuti E , Purwanto E , Astuti R D
Published: April 2022

Climate change causes an increase in rice plant pests, one of them is brown planthopper. The effort through an assembly of black rice potential lines was made by mutation induction of Cempo Ireng black rice, but it’s only able to shorten the age of plant without being able to improve rice resistance to brown planthopper. Jeliteng as a new high yielding variety of black rice that is resistant to brown planthopper biotype 1 makes it worthy of being a potential parent source. Reciprocal crosses needed to be carried out to get offspring that have superior traits from both parents. This research aims to get F1 generation from the potential lines of black rice crossing with the Jeliteng variety and their reciprocals to improve local varieties of black rice. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the village of Gawanan, Sukoharjo Regency from August 2020 to April 2021. The planting materials were the Jeliteng variety as male parents while 6 potential lines of black rice 8, 13, 44, 46, 51, 52, and Cempo Ireng variety as female parents. Crosses were conducted by hand crossing technique on 14 sets. The data were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the crossing set could be crossed and produced fertile F1 generation. The length of grain, the width of grain, and the weight of a grain of the F1 varied in all sets. The skin colour of the F1 generation in all sets was mostly straw yellow with brown spots.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission based on land use types of peatland in Kinali, West Pasaman Regency
Authors: Dwi Syahputri Septia , Hermansah  , Yulnafatmawita
Published: April 2022

Carbon dioxide gas which is one of the greenhouse gases stated at Kyoto Protokol in 1997 can come from peatland. Conversion of peatland into farming land can accelerate the decomposition process of OM which will emit carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. This study was aimed to measure CO2 emission from several types of peatland in Kinali District, West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. The research was conducted using a survey method based on the land use type (purposive sampling). The measurement of CO2 was conducted in the field using an infrared non-dispersive sensor (NDIR) found in the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitor tool. Soil properties analyzed were organic-C, total N, and C/N ratio. The results showed that the different use in peatland has no significant effect on the value of CO2 emission. Carbon dioxide emission has a positive correlation (r = 0.68) with soil organic carbon content. The highest average of CO2 emission was 0.92 g/m2/d (under oil palm plantation) from soil surface and 1.56 g/m2/d (under seasonal cropland) from the surface of soil on 30 cm depth. The lowest CO2 emission was 0.68 g/m2/d (under mixed garden) from both soil surfaces.