bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No impact of instructions and feedback on task integration in motor learning
Authors: Ewolds Harald , Broeker Laura , de Oliveira Rita F. , Raab Markus , Künzell Stefan
Published: October 2020

This study examined the effect of instructions and feedback on the integration of two tasks. Task-integration of covarying tasks are thought to help dual-task performance. With complete task integration of covarying dual tasks, a dual task becomes more like a single task and dual-task costs should be reduced as it is no longer conceptualized as a dual task. In the current study we tried to manipulate the extent to which tasks are integrated. We covaried a tracking task with an auditory go/no-go task and tried to manipulate the extent of task-integration by using two different sets of instructions and feedback. A group receiving task-integration promoting instructions and feedback (N = 18) and a group receiving task-separation instructions and feedback (N = 20) trained on a continuous tracking task. The tracking task covaried with the auditory go/no-go reaction time task because high-pitch sounds always occurred 250 ms before turns, which has been demonstrated to foster task integration. The tracking task further contained a repeating segment to investigate implicit learning. Results showed that instructions, feedback, or participants’ conceptualization of performing a single task versus a dual task did not significantly affect task integration. However, the covariation manipulation improved performance in both the tracking and the go/no-go task, exceeding performance in non-covarying and single tasks. We concluded that task integration between covarying motor tasks is a robust phenomenon that is not influenced by instructions or feedback.
Concordancia interobservador en la evaluación de la Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley II
Authors: Álvarez Ramírez Ma. Magdalena , Granados Ramos Dora Elizabeth , Pacheco Cabrera Pablo , Hernández Coloa Tania Ivonne
Published: October 2020

Un elemento importante en la realización de pro­yectos de investigación en niños es disminuir el sesgo interobservador al realizar mediciones del desarrollo.
Cuando se asegura la validez de un instrumento de evaluación, la magnitud del error se puede determinar a través de estudios de concordancia, que tienen como propósito estimar hasta qué punto dos observadores coinciden en su evaluación.
La Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley II (BSID-II) evalúa el desarrollo de los niños de 1 a 42 meses de edad, la prueba consta de tres subescalas diferenciadas: cognoscitiva, psicomotora y de comportamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la concordancia interobservador en la evaluación de la Escala de Desarrollo Infantil Bayley II en niños de 1 a 42 meses de edad.
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 30 niños nacidos a término sin diagnóstico de enfermedad neurológica, genética o metabólica que acudieron a consulta externa al Laboratorio de Psicobiología durante el periodo comprendido de agosto de 2013 a mayo de 2014. Se documen­tó la historia clínica y se evaluó con la escala BSID-II a cada participante. Se evaluó la concordancia mediante el test de Kappa media de Cohen con el software Epi dat 4.
La prevalencia de retraso global en el desarrollo de los niños fue de 67%, a partir de ello se observó concordancia tanto en las comparaciones del Ín­dice de desarrollo mental k=0.9528, como en el Índice de desarrollo psicomotor k=.9023.
El análisis demostró concordancia entre dos pro­fesionistas, lo cual implica que de acuerdo a las categorías no hubo sesgo en el diagnóstico. Este dato es un indicador positivo respecto al nivel de coordinación y la coincidencia en el diagnóstico, además facilita la implementación de tratamientos adecuados para cada uno de los casos evaluados.
Intervenciones de enfermería en la persona con vasoespasmo cerebral secundario a hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática
Authors: Bravo Castrejón Yadira , Dávalos-Alcázar Angélica Guadalupe , Galicia Polo Zoraya
Published: October 2020

Introducción. El vasoespasmo cerebral como complicación de la Hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática, es considerado como una vaso­constricción patológica de las arterias principales de la base del encéfalo; es una condición reversible, que se caracteriza con la reducción del calibre de la luz de las arterias y por lo consiguiente una disminución del flujo sanguíneo al área perfundida por el vaso comprometido.
Objetivo. Desarrollar un proceso enfermero basa­do en la taxonomía Nanda, Noc, Nic a una persona con vasoespasmo cerebral.
Metodología. Se realizó la elección de un caso clínico, con la metodología del proceso de aten­ción de enfermería estableciendo un plan de cuidados en el área de recuperación y terapia intermedia del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez durante el periodo postquirúrgico inmediato. Se detectaron las necesidades básicas alteradas al realizar la valoración neurológica de enfermería. Se procedió a formular los diagnósticos de enfermería reales y de riesgo y con base en estos se planearon las intervenciones de enfermería.
Conclusión. El realizar las intervenciones de enfermería de forma sistematizada a partir del proceso enfermero, se establece un método cientí­fico, en donde cada intervención se fundamenta y da pauta a la aplicación de un cuidado especiali­zado, dirigido hacia la mejora de la persona desde el punto de vista individual y con ello detectar opor­tunamente signos y síntomas de alarma así como posibles complicaciones.
Calidad de vida laboral en personal de enfermería: una revisión sistemática en la literatura actual
Authors: Rodarte Cuevas Lilia , Araujo Espino Roxana , Trejo Ortiz Perla María , González Tovar José
Published: October 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar publicaciones nacionales e internacionales sobre el estado del arte de la calidad de vida laboral en personal de enfermería. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, en las bases de datos EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed y Redalyc, para identificar artículos publicados entre Enero del 2009 y Mayo de 2014. La muestra final quedó conformada por 21 artículos, la mayoría de los estudios fueron realizados en Brasil y Colombia, el mayor número de artículos se publicaron en el periodo de 2009-2011. Las publicaciones seleccionadas abordaron diferentes aspectos de la calidad de vida laboral como fueron: percepción o significado de la calidad de la vida profesional, condiciones laborales de las enfermeras, factores psicosociales asociados e impacto de la calidad de vida laboral en la percepción de la calidad de la atención.
Cuidado de la persona con discapacidad motriz
Authors: Hernández-Corral Sandra , Ojeda-Vargas Ma. Guadalupe
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se describe el cuidado de la persona con discapacidad motriz, es por ello que se analiza el cuidado desde los enfoque teóricos de Leonardo Boff y Regina Vera Waldow para establecer una relación con los cuidados en rehabilitación proporcionados por el profesional de enfermería. Finalmente se reflexiona acerca de lo profundo del significado del cuidado, considerando que abarca más que solo intervención, es una forma de estar en el mundo en la que establecen a través de la con-vivencia y co-existencia relaciones transformadoras, generando crecimiento entre la persona que se cuida y la enfermera.
Profesionalización y el cuidado a enfermos con alteraciones neurológicas
Authors: Valdez Labastida Rocío
Published: October 2020

La profesión de Enfermería en los últimos años ha sido una de las disciplinas de mayor desarrollo, el proceso de profesionalización es sin duda uno de los datos más tangibles de la transformación y grado de alcance de la enfermería actual, sin embargo, el mayor reflejo del desarrollo del profesional de la salud así como de las instituciones debe soportarse en el tipo y calidad de Atención que se otorga, así la tecnología de punta y el conocimiento científico avanzado se convierten en una herramienta más que debe sustentarse en la práctica clínica diaria a través de los recursos humanos que la aplican, de tal manera que es tan importante la vanguardia tecnológica como la suficiencia y profesionalismo del personal que lo aplica.
Experiencias de los familiares con pacientes en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Jiménez Gutiérrez Marcio , Rojas Manzano Viridiana , García Santa Olalla Ivonne Areli , González González Sonia , Mancilla Salcedo Bertha Alicia
Published: October 2020

Introducción: el ingreso de un usuario a unidades de cuidados críticos tiene repercusiones familiares que deben ser estudiadas para mejorar la atención proporcionada. El cuidado y las respuestas humanas son objeto de estudio del profesional de enfermería, sin embargo estas se han centrado de manera individual, dejando en término secundario a los familiares.
Objetivo: conocer las experiencias de familiares con pacientes en una unidad de cuidados intensivos adultos.
Metodología: estudio cualitativo, perspectiva fenomenológica, llevado a cabo en un hospital de tercer nivel. La población de estudio fueron familiares con pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Adultos; muestra por participantes voluntarios (muestra autoseleccionada de estudios cualitativos, el número de participantes se limitó hasta alcanzar la saturación teórica). Se empleó la entrevista semiestructurada y para el análisis de las mismas se usó el software MAXQDA (Qualitative Data Analysis Software for Mac and Windows).
Resultados: los familiares presentan cambios en la dinámica de vida como descuido personal, inestabilidad económica y cambios en la interacción social, expresan sentimientos negativos por el ingreso de su paciente a una unidad crítica y sus expectativas están relacionadas con la información, trato digno y atención eficaz.
Human responses of the nursing professional to acoustic contamination
Authors: Guadarrama Olvera Monserrat Guadalupe , Garrido Munguía Susana Carolina , Nava Díaz Jessica Guadalupe , Alberto Bazán María Elena
Published: October 2020

Noise is considered one of the main environmental pollutants, its study has not been developed with depth in the field of nursing, there is scientific evidence that show pathophysiological and behavioral changes in individuals who are exposed for a prolonged time; Predisposing changes in their daily lives. The nursing professional is not the exception the development of their activities is carried out in a continuous noisy environment, so it is of interest to analyze that human responses generated by the nursing professional in a hospital of second level of care, sought to identify the answers of the nursing professional to noise pollution, conducting an observational, descriptive and transversal study. The population was formed by 35 nursing professionals. The auditory comfort test of Maria Gómez-Cano Alfaro of the National Institute of Safety and Hygiene at Work (RD286/2006) was applied; Has a mixed composition of 36 items divided into six dimensions. The sociodemographic variables demonstrated clinical and statistically significant reason why they are a risk factor for the presence of human responses (annoyance, anxiety, distress and stress) (RM = 3,500, CI.95% .372-32.978; p> 0.250). The working environment in which the nursing professionals analyzed work, determined that the noise pollution to which they are exposed increases significantly in relation to the noise of interference, and to a lesser degree with the noise typical of the work atmosphere, which resulted in the presence Of negative human responses such as stress and anger * p <(0.015). Consequently, noise is a factor that generates negative human responses in the nursing professional when it is submitted for a prolonged period generating discomfort, stress, anxiety and anger, being this a factor of distraction during the working day.
Kemitraan Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Menangani Anak yang Masih Ditunggu pada Jam Belajar
Authors: Shofiyah Halimatu , Nadlifah Nadlifah , Purnama Sigit
Published: October 2020

Kerja sama antara orang tua dan guru sangat penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang anak dan membantu mengatasi hambatan belajar anak di sekolah. Penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menggali faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi anak selalu ditunggu pada jam belajar dan menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk kerja sama orang tua dan guru dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut di Kelompok A TK Pertiwi 39 Bulu Jetis Bantul. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data, mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi anak masih ditunggu orang tua pada jam belajar, antara lain: trauma, kurangnya percaya diri, dan takut dengan lingkungan baru. (2) Bentuk kerja sama antara guru dan orang tua, antara lain: saling terbuka mengenai perilaku anak, selalu memberikan motivasi, mengambil hati anak, membuat hati anak senang, dan melalui 3 tahap penungguan.
Pengaruh Bercerita Berbantuan Media Boneka Tangan terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak
Authors: Suradinata Nadia Intan , Maharani Ega Asnatasia
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan metode bercerita berbantu media boneka tangan terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak di PAUD Terpadu Bakti Baitussalam Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental, dengan desain penelitian One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa TK A berusia 4-5 tahun sebanyak 28 orang anak, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 14 orang anak. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah Purposive Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji beda. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh indeks perbedaan atau nilai t = -7,691 dan sig 2 tailed 0,000 (p < 0,05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berbicara anak sebelum dan sesudah diberikannya perlakuan berupa metode bercerita berbantu media boneka tangan. Terdapat dua aspek berbicara yang meningkat secara signifikan yaitu aspek penguasaan kosakata dan lafal ucapan.
Juegos y figuras geométricas, alternativa de aprendizaje para estudiantes de cuarto en institución agrícola Toro
Authors: Cortés Arias Oscar Efrén , Pulgarín Cárdenas Jorge
Published: October 2020

Se pretende demostrar la utilidad de los juegos geométricos y de mesa, como herramienta de aprendizaje en una institución de carácter rural, donde se evidencia la importancia del trabajo físico y en equipo, ya que los jóvenes se sienten desmotivados a participar de actividades pedagógicas que no incluyan las TIC. Se evidencia que el uso prolongado de las TIC, los aísla socialmente; y, al aplicar los juegos de mesa, los estudiantes se frustran cuando no obtienen la misma inmediatez de otras actividades de su cotidianidad, esto se manifiesta como ansiedad y depresión en los estudiantes. Se pretende entonces dar respuesta al siguiente interrogante: ¿qué posibilidades encuentra el estudiante en el juego con figuras geométricas o juegos de mesa para el aprendizaje de todas las áreas? Esta investigación fue enfocada desde lo cualitativo, utilizó la metodología de etnografía educativa propuesta por María Eumelia Galeano; se realizaron  entrevistas  y encuestas como herramienta de recolección de información y se recurrió al modelo propuesto por Corvin y Strauss, para clasificar y analizar la información. En dicho proceso, emergieron categorías de análisis, como “si me dejan participar, les gano a todos”, “¡qué bien!, en la clase de hoy vamos a jugar” “si uno se lo propone, gana en todo”, que contribuyen a darle un sentido a la participación en las clases en las que se utiliza juegos de mesa, y que se vivencian los procesos de desarrollo en los menores.
VVV Survey Microlensing: Candidate Events with a Source in the Far Disk
Authors: Navarro María Gabriela , Minniti Dante , Contreras Ramos Rodrigo
Published: October 2020

The VVV microlensing search has recently surveyed the region of the Galactic plane at b = 0 within −10.00 ≤ l ≤ 10.44 deg. in the near-infrared (IR) discovering hundreds of microlensing events. In this paper we explore the microlensing events with background sources that might be located in the far disk of the Galaxy, beyond the bulge. We discuss the possible configurations for the microlensing lenses and sources located at different places within the Galactic plane. Then we search for these events using the local red clump centroids of the VVV near-IR color–magnitude diagrams. According to the estimated distances and proper motions, N = 20 events may have sources located in the far disk. The candidates for far-disk sources show on average longer timescales (t

E
 = 49.3 ± 7.9 days) than the mean of the timescale distribution for the bulge red clump sources (t

E
 = 36.4 ± 1.1 days). We conclude that the population of microlensing events in the region −10.00 ≤ l ≤ 10.44, −0.46 ≤ b ≤ 0.65 deg. contains a non-negligible number of events with candidate far-disk sources (∼11%). Our results are relevant in view of future microlensing plans with the Roman Space Telescope (formerly WFIRST) in the near-IR.
Comparing Turbulent Cascades and Heating versus Spectral Anisotropy in Solar Wind via Direct Simulations
Authors: Montagud-Camps Victor , Grappin Roland , Verdini Andrea
Published: October 2020

In a previous work (MGV18), we showed numerically that the turbulent cascade generated by quasi-2D structures (with wavevectors mostly perpendicular to the mean magnetic field) is able to generate a temperature profile close to the one observed in solar wind (≃1/R) in the range 0.2 ≤ R ≤ 1 au. Theory, observations, and numerical simulations point to another robust structure, the radial slab, with dominant wavevectors along the radial: we study here the efficiency of the radial-slab cascade in building the 1/R temperature profile. As in MGV18, we solve the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations including expansion to simulate the turbulent evolution. We find that an isotropic distribution of wavevectors with large cross-helicity at 0.2 au, along with a large wind expansion rate, lead again to a temperature decay rate close to 1/R but with a radial-slab anisotropy at 1 au. Surprisingly, the turbulent cascade concentrates in the plane transverse to the radial direction, displaying 1D spectra with scalings close to k
−5/3 in this plane. This supports both the idea of turbulent heating of the solar wind, and the existence of two different turbulent cascades, associated to quasi-2D and radial-slab geometries. We conclude that sampling the radial spectrum in the solar wind may give poor information on the real cascade regime and rate when the radial slab is a non-negligible part of turbulence.
Two Complete Spectral Transitions of Swift J0243.6+6124 Observed by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Kong L. D. , Zhang S. , Chen Y. P. , Zhang S. N. , Ji L. , Doroshenko V. , Wang P. J. , Tao L. , Ge M. Y. , Liu C. Z. , Song L. M. , Lu F. J. , Qu J. L. , Li T. P. , Xu Y. P. , Cao X. L. , Chen Y. , Bu Q. C. , Cai C. , Chang Z. , Chen G. , Chen L. , Chen T. X. , Chen Y. B. , Cui W. , Cui W. W. , Deng J. K. , Dong Y. W. , Du Y. Y. , Fu M. X. , Gao G. H. , Gao H. , Gao M. , Gu Y. D. , Guan J. , Guo C. C. , Han D. W. , Huang Y. , Huo J. , Jia S. M. , Jiang L. H. , Jiang W. C. , Jin J. , Jin Y. J. , Li B. , Li C. K. , Li G. , Li M. S. , Li W. , Li X. , Li X. B. , Li X. F. , Li Y. G. , Li Z. W. , Liang X. H. , Liao J. Y. , Liu B. S. , Liu G. Q. , Liu H. W. , Liu X. J. , Liu Y. N. , Lu B. , Lu X. F. , Luo Q. , Luo T. , Ma X. , Meng B. , Nang Y. , Nie J. Y. , Ou G. , Sai N. , Shang R. C. , Song X. Y. , Sun L. , Tan Y. , Tuo Y. L. , Wang C. , Wang G. F. , Wang J. , Wang L. J. , Wang W. S. , Wang Y. S. , Wen X. Y. , Wu B. B. , Wu B. Y. , Wu M. , Xiao G. C. , Xiao S. , Xiong S. L. , Xu H. , Yang J. W. , Yang S. , Yang Y. J. , Yang Y. J. , Yi Q. B. , Yin Q. Q. , You Y. , Zhang A. M. , Zhang C. M. , Zhang F. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang J. , Zhang T. , Zhang W. C. , Zhang W. , Zhang W. Z. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Y. F. , Zhang Y. J. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhang Z. , Zhang Z. L. , Zhao H. S. , Zhao X. F. , Zheng S. J. , Zheng Y. G. , Zhou D. K. , Zhou J. F. , Zhu Y. X. , Zhuang R. L.
Published: October 2020

We performed the broadband (1–100 keV) spectral analysis of the first Galactic Be ultraluminous X-ray pulsar (BeULX) Swift J0243.6+6124 observed by Insight-HXMT during the 2017−2018 outburst. The results show spectral transitions at two typical luminosities, roughly consistently with those reported previously via pure timing analysis. We find that the spectrum evolves and becomes softer and has higher cutoff energies until the luminosity reaches L
1 (∼1.5  ×  1038 erg s−1). Afterwards the spectrum becomes harder with lower cutoff energies until the luminosity increases to L
2 (∼4.4  × 1038 erg s−1), around which the second spectral transition occurs. Beyond L
2, the spectrum softens again and has larger cutoff energies. Similar behaviors were observed previously in other high-mass X-ray binary systems (HMXBs), especially for the second transition at higher luminosities, which is believed to have a correlation with the magnetic field of the harbored neutron star. Accordingly, we speculate that Swift J0243.6+6124 owns a neutron star with magnetic field strength >1013 G. The spectral transition at around L
1 of Swift J0243.6+6124 is first observed thoroughly for any HMXB outburst characterized by strong evolution of the thermal component: the temperature of the blackbody drops sharply accompanied by a sudden increase of the blackbody radius. These spectral transitions can in principle be understood in a general scenario of balancing the emission patterns between the pencil and the fan beams at the magnetic pole, for which the extreme brightness of Swift J0243.6+6124 may provide an almost unique lab to probe the details.
The Nature of the Young Supernova Remnant S8 in the Dwarf Galaxy IC 1613
Authors: Fesen Robert A. , Weil Kathryn E.
Published: October 2020

We present subarcsecond optical images and low- to moderate-resolution spectra of the compact, X-ray, and optically bright supernova remnant known as S8 in the nearby dwarf galaxy IC 1613. Deep Hα images of the remnant show a sharply defined crescent-shaped nebula, while narrow passband images reveal a coincident and unexpectedly bright continuum nebulosity exhibiting a size and morphology like that seen for the remnant’s line emissions. Low-dispersion spectra covering 3600–9000 Å show numerous low-ionization line emissions such as [O i] and [Fe ii], along with higher-ionization emission lines including He ii and optical coronal lines [Fe vii], [Fe x], [Fe xi], and [Fe xiv]. This suggests the presence of a wide range of shock velocities from ∼50 to over 350 km s−1, corresponding to preshock densities of ∼1–30 cm−3. Higher-resolution spectra indicate an expansion velocity around 180 km s−1 with an ∼45 km s−1 wide central cavity. The Hα emission spans rest-frame velocities of +120 to −240 km s−1, and we estimate a total nebula mass of 119 ± 34 M
⊙. We conclude that S8 is a relatively young supernova remnant (≃2700–4400 yr) exhibiting properties remarkably like those seen in the young LMC remnant N49, including age, physical size, shock velocities, filament densities, optical line strengths, X-ray and optical luminosities, and coronal line and continuum emissions.
A Generalized Fisk-type HMF: Implications of Spatially Dependent Photospheric Differential Rotation
Authors: Steyn P. J. , Burger R. A.
Published: October 2020

The existence of a Fisk-type heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) has been debated ever since Fisk proposed an alternative to the traditional view of the HMF first proposed by Parker. Several modifications of the original Fisk field model have been published in the past, for example, the Schwadron field and the Fisk–Parker hybrid HMF model. This study presents a new generalized Fisk HMF model that implements for the first time a spatially dependent differential rotation rate of the photosphere, by mapping magnetic field lines from the solar wind source surface to the photosphere. Data analysis methods of Forsyth et al. are used to search for a signature of a Fisk-type field during solar minimum conditions, using the magnetic field data from the first solar orbit of the Ulysses spacecraft. The new generalized Fisk field agrees better with the observed magnetic field winding angle than a standard Parker field during the majority of intervals scanned by Ulysses.
Short-term Variability of Evolved Massive Stars with TESS. II. A New Class of Cool, Pulsating Supergiants
Authors: Dorn-Wallenstein Trevor Z. , Levesque Emily M. , Neugent Kathryn F. , Davenport James R. A. , Morris Brett M. , Gootkin Keyan
Published: October 2020

Massive stars briefly pass through the yellow supergiant (YSG) phase as they evolve redward across the H-R diagram and expand into red supergiants (RSGs). Higher-mass stars pass through the YSG phase again as they evolve blueward after experiencing significant RSG mass loss. These post-RSG objects offer us a tantalizing glimpse into which stars end their lives as RSGs and why. One telltale sign of a post-RSG object may be an instability to pulsations, depending on the star’s interior structure. Here we report the discovery of five YSGs with pulsation periods faster than 1 day, found in a sample of 76 cool supergiants observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite at a two-minute cadence. These pulsating YSGs are concentrated in an H-R diagram region not previously associated with pulsations; we conclude that this is a genuine new class of pulsating star, fast yellow pulsating supergiants (FYPSs). For each FYPS, we extract frequencies via iterative prewhitening and conduct a time-frequency analysis. One FYPS has an extracted frequency that is split into a triplet, and the amplitude of that peak is modulated on the same timescale as the frequency spacing of the triplet; neither rotation nor binary effects are likely culprits. We discuss the evolutionary status of FYPS and conclude that they are candidate post-RSGs. All stars in our sample also show the same stochastic low-frequency variability found in hot OB stars and attributed to internal gravity waves. Finally, we find four α Cygni variables in our sample, of which three are newly discovered.
Non-Newtonian Gravity in Strange Quark Stars and Constraints from the Observations of PSR J0740+6620 and GW170817
Authors: Yang Shu-Hua , Pi Chun-Mei , Zheng Xiao-Ping , Weber Fridolin
Published: October 2020

We investigate the effects of non-Newtonian gravity on the properties of strange quark stars (QSs) and constrain the parameters of the standard MIT bag model used to describe strange quark matter (SQM) by employing the mass of PSR J0740+6620 and the tidal deformability of GW170817. We find that, for the standard MIT bag model, these mass and tidal deformability observations would rule out the existence of QSs if non-Newtonian gravity effects are ignored. For a strange quark mass of m

s
 = 95 MeV, we find that QSs can exist for values of the non-Newtonian gravity parameter g
2/μ
2 in the range of 1.37 GeV−2 ≤ g
2/μ
2 ≤ 7.28 GeV−2 and limits on the bag constant and the strong interaction coupling constant of the SQM model given by 141.3 MeV ≤ B
1/4 ≤ 150.9 MeV and α

S
 ≤ 0.56. For a strange quark mass of m

s
 = 150 MeV, QSs can exist for 1.88 GeV−2 ≤ g
2/μ
2 ≤ 6.27 GeV−2 and limits on the parameters of the SQM model given by 139.7 MeV ≤ B
1/4 ≤ 147.3 MeV and α

S
 ≤ 0.49.
On the Coronal Temperature in Solar Microflares
Authors: Testa Paola , Reale Fabio
Published: October 2020

We present a study of solar imaging and spectral observations of a microflare, focusing on the temperature diagnostics provided by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode. Our data analysis, in particular from the emission in the 131 and 94 Å channels, indicates that the heated plasma reaches temperatures of ≳10 MK, at odds with a previous analysis of the same event, and we discuss the reason for the discrepancy. A particularly interesting aspect is the likely presence of the Fe xxiii 263.76 Å line, though weak, in EIS spectra in the early phases of the event, supporting the presence of high temperature plasma. Hydrodynamic 1D modeling of a single loop heated with a 3 minute pulse to 12–15 MK reproduces well most observed features along one of the brightening loops, including intensities in the AIA hot channels and their temporal variability, as well as the intensity, Doppler shift, and line width of the EIS Fe xxiii line, and its timing relative to the AIA emission. Overall, we obtain a coherent scenario of a typical microflaring loop system and provide constraints on the intensity of the energy release as well as its spatial and temporal distribution, both along and across the loop.
Extraplanar Gas in Edge-on Galaxies Traced by SOFIA Observations of [C ii]
Authors: Reach William T. , Fadda Dario , Rand Richard J. , Stacey Gordon J.
Published: October 2020

Bursts of localized star formation in galaxies can levitate material from the midplane. Spiral galaxies that are edge-on allow a clear distinction of material that is levitated off the galaxies’ midplanes. We used SOFIA to measure the vertical distribution of [C ii] 157.7 μm line emission for two nearby, edge-on galaxies, NGC 891 and NGC 5907. We find that for the central region and actively star-forming regions in the northern portion of NGC 891, and for NGC 5907, a thin (0.3 kpc) disk is supplemented by a thick disk with an exponential scale height of ∼2 kpc. The [C ii] is far more extended than mid-infrared emission (0.1 kpc, tracing present-day massive star formation) but not as extended as the H i (100 kpc, tracing low-metallicity circum/intergalactic matter). The extraplanar [C ii] may arise in walls of chimneys that connect the disk to the halo.
Crepuscular Rays from the Highly Inclined Active Galactic Nucleus in IC 5063*
Authors: Maksym W. Peter , Schmidt Judy , Keel William C. , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Fischer Travis C. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Barth Aaron J. , Elvis Martin , Oosterloo Tom , Ho Luis C. , Kim Minjin , Hwang Hyunmo , Mayer Evan
Published: October 2020

On Earth near sunset, the Sun may cast “crepuscular rays” such that clouds near the horizon obscure the origin of light scattered in bright rays. In principle, active galactic nuclei (AGN) should be able to produce similar effects. Using new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) near-infrared and optical observations, we show that the active galaxy IC 5063 contains broad radial rays extending to ≳11 kpc from the nucleus. We argue that the bright rays may arise from dusty scattering of continuum emission from the active nucleus, while the dark rays are due to shadowing near the nucleus, possibly by a warped torus. We also consider alternative AGN-related and stellar origins for the extended light.
The MOSDEF Survey: Neon as a Probe of ISM Physical Conditions at High Redshift*
Authors: Jeong Moon-Seong , Shapley Alice E. , Sanders Ryan L. , Runco Jordan N. , Topping Michael W. , Reddy Naveen A. , Kriek Mariska , Coil Alison L. , Mobasher Bahram , Siana Brian , Shivaei Irene , Freeman William R. , Azadi Mojegan , Price Sedona H. , Leung Gene C. K. , Fetherolf Tara , de Groot Laura , Zick Tom , Fornasini Francesca M. , Barro Guillermo
Published: October 2020

We present results on the properties of neon emission in z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies drawn from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. Doubly ionized neon ([Ne iii]λ3869) is detected at ≥3σ in 61 galaxies, representing ∼25% of the MOSDEF sample with Hα, Hβ, and [O iii]λ5007 detections at similar redshifts. We consider the neon emission-line properties of both individual galaxies with [Ne iii]λ3869 detections and composite z ∼ 2 spectra binned by stellar mass. With no requirement of [Ne iii]λ3869 detection, the latter provide a more representative picture of neon emission-line properties in the MOSDEF sample. The [Ne iii]λ3869/[O ii]λ3727 ratio (Ne3O2) is anticorrelated with stellar mass in z ∼ 2 galaxies, as expected based on the mass–metallicity relation. It is also positively correlated with the [O iii]λ5007/[O ii]λ3727 ratio (O32), but z ∼ 2 line ratios are offset toward higher Ne3O2 at fixed O32, compared with both local star-forming galaxies and individual H ii regions. Despite the offset toward higher Ne3O2 at fixed O32 at z ∼ 2, biases in inferred Ne3O2-based metallicity are small. Accordingly, Ne3O2 may serve as an important metallicity indicator deep into the reionization epoch. Analyzing additional rest-optical line ratios including [Ne iii]λ3869/[O iii]λ5007 (Ne3O3) and [O iii]λ5007/Hβ (O3Hβ), we conclude that the nebular emission-line ratios of z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies suggest a harder ionizing spectrum (lower stellar metallicity, i.e., Fe/H) at fixed gas-phase oxygen abundance, compared to systems at z ∼ 0. These new results based on neon lend support to the physical picture painted by oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulfur emission of an ionized interstellar medium in high-redshift star-forming galaxies irradiated by chemically young, α-enhanced massive stars.
Arachnids (Araneae, Opiliones) from grass stand and forest litter in the Urals, Russia
Authors: Nesterkov Alexey , Zolotarev Maxim , Belskaya Elena , Tuneva Tatyana
Published: October 2020

Since the late 1980s, long-term monitoring of various components of natural ecosystems under conditions of industrial pollution has been carried out in the Central Urals. In the mid-2000s, similar programmes were started in the Southern Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on invertebrates in different types of biotopes, collected with different methods and in a different time intervals, continue to be gathered. Amongst the most well-studied groups of invertebrates are spiders and harvestmen whose communities are a convenient indicator of the environment. The data collected through these monitoring programmes can also be used to study natural local biodiversity.

The dataset, presented here, includes information from a long-term monitoring programme for Araneae and Opiliones that inhabit grass stands of secondary dry meadows and litter of spruce-fir, aspen-birch and pine-birch forests in the Central and Southern Urals. The dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/e170dbd1-a67f-4514-841c-5296b290ca90) describes the assemblage structure of spiders and harvestmen (list of species and their abundance), age-sex composition and seasonal and inter-annual dynamics for two large areas in the southern taiga zone of the Ural Mountains. The dataset includes 1,351 samples, which correspond to 5,462 occurrences identified during 2004–2009, 2013 and 2018. In total, we collected 10,433 specimens, representing 178 species (36% of arachnofauna of the Urals), 115 genera (54%) and 23 families (100%). Most of the data (4,939 of 5,462 occurrences, 90%) were collected in the western macro-slope of the Ural Mountains (European part of Russia), the rest in the eastern macro-slope (Asian part). All represented data were sampled in industrially undisturbed areas and are used as a local reference for ecotoxicological monitoring. The dataset provides new useful information for recording the state of biodiversity for the Central and Southern Urals and contributes to the study of biodiversity conservation.
Three new species of Conidiobolus sensu stricto from plant debris in eastern China
Authors: Nie Yong , Cai Yue , Gao Yang , Yu De-Shui , Wang Zi-Min , Liu Xiao-Yong , Huang Bo
Published: October 2020

The genus Conidiobolus Bref. is widely distributed and the Conidiobolus sensu lato contained three other genera, Capillidium, Microconidiobolus and Neoconidiobolus. A molecular phylogeny based on the nuclear large subunit of rDNA (nucLSU), the mitochondrial small subunit of rDNA (mtSSU) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1) revealed three novel species within the clade of Conidiobolus s.s., i.e. C. bifurcatussp. nov., C. taihushanensissp. nov. and C. variabilissp. nov. These three species were isolated from plant debris in eastern China. Morphologically, C. bifurcatussp. nov. is characterised by its secondary conidiophores often branched at the tip to form two short stipes each bearing a secondary conidium. C. taihushanensissp. nov. is different from the others in its straight apical mycelia and the production of 2–5 conidia. C. variabilissp. nov. is distinctive because of its various shapes of primary conidia. All these three new taxa are illustrated herein with an update key to the species of the genus Conidiobolus s.s.
Non-native plants exert strong but under-studied influence on fire dynamics
Authors: Aslan Clare E. , Dickson Brett G.
Published: October 2020

Altered fire regimes are among the most destructive consequences of anthropogenic environmental change. Fires have increased in frequency in some regions, and invasion by fire-adapted non-native species has been identified as a major driver of this change, which results in a feedback cycle promoting further spread by the non-native species and diminishing occurrence of natives. We notice, however, that non-native species are often invoked in passing as a primary cause of changing fire dynamics, but that data supporting this claim are rarely presented. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of published literature to determine whether a significant relationship exists between non-native species presence and increased fire effects and risk, examined via various fire metrics. Our analysis detected a strongly significant difference between fire metrics associated with non-native and native species, with non-native species linked to enhanced fire effects and risk. However, only 30 papers discussing this linkage provided data to support it, and those quantitative studies examined only eight regions, five biome types, and a total of 22 unique non-native taxa. It is clear that we are only beginning to understand the relationship between non-native species and fire and that results drawn from an extremely limited set of contexts have been broadly applied in the literature. It is important for ecologists to continue to investigate drivers of changing fire regimes as factors such as climate change and land use change alter native and non-native fuels alike.
Un retour d’expérience graphique sur la crise cyclonique de 2017 aux Antilles
Authors: Chevillot-Miot Élie , Canovas Ingrid , Duarte-Colardelle Cheila , Iasio Christian , Winter Thierry , November Valérie
Published: October 2020

Réaliser le retour d’expérience d’une crise extrême, telle la crise cyclonique de 2017 aux Antilles françaises, est une procédure délicate et complexe. Elle nécessite non seulement d’intégrer les contraintes et incertitudes liées au passage de trois cyclones majeurs, mais également les effets des actions et décisions prises par l’important réseau des acteurs mobilisés à tous les niveaux d’intervention. La capitalisation d’expériences individuelles et collectives au sein d’un RETEX unique est donc primordiale pour optimiser la prise de décision en conduite de crise « hors-norme », notamment dans un contexte de changement climatique aux effets imprédictibles. Dans cet article, nous proposons un retour d’expérience sous la forme d’une base de données graphique qui intègre des informations hétérogènes et descriptives des aléas, des actions menées, des interactions entre les services, etc. Il s’agit, in fine , d’enrichir les connaissances et d’appuyer les décisions, à tous les niveaux (opérationnel, tactique et stratégique), tant dans le public que dans le privé.
La doctrine en matière de sûreté nucléaire : une amélioration continue intégrant mieux la gestion d’un accident nucléaire
Authors: Lachaume Jean-Luc , Cadet-Mercier Sylvie
Published: October 2020

Depuis les années 1970, la doctrine en matière de sûreté nucléaire a évolué, prenant en compte les leçons des incidents et accidents qui sont survenus dans le monde. À l’origine, la priorité était accordée à la prévention des accidents. Au fil des années, la limitation des conséquences des accidents et la gestion de crise ont été renforcées dans la doctrine de sûreté. Cette évolution a conduit à un renforcement notable des installations nucléaires : l’analyse d’initiateurs d’accidents plus complexes, résultant notamment de cumuls d’événements, a conduit à la mise en place de dispositions matérielles et organisationnelles complémentaires afin de limiter les conséquences radiologiques. Puis, après l’accident de Tchernobyl, elle a conduit à un renforcement de la protection des populations : la gestion de crise, notamment en ce qui concerne la phase post rejets radioactifs, s’est particulièrement développée afin de mieux gérer sur le long terme les conséquences sanitaires, sociales et environnementales d’un accident.
Les consommateurs britanniques et la qualité des produits à la fin du XIX e siècle
Authors: Riello Giorgio , Millet Audrey , Minard Philippe
Published: October 2020

La qualité des produits britanniques à la fin du xix e siècle a longtemps été perçue comme mauvaise. Dans un contexte d’expansion spectaculaire de la demande, la qualité intrinsèque des produits manufacturés aurait montré des signes de recul. Pourtant, la qualité n’est pas un concept absolu et ne repose pas uniquement sur l’évaluation des qualités matérielles intrinsèques des produits. Par-delà les plaintes déposées au sujet de la mauvaise qualité de la fabrication, de la contrefaçon et des produits défectueux, le recul de la qualité des produits manufacturés, réel et perçu, doit être analysé dans un contexte d’évolution de la production et de la consommation. En s’appuyant sur les entretiens menés entre 1887 et 1896 par l’enquêteur social Charles Booth et ses assistants, on peut étudier les différentes significations de la qualité pour les producteurs, les consommateurs et les distributeurs de l’époque victorienne. Pour ce faire, on s’appuie sur la théorie économique des conventions, selon laquelle la qualité n’est pas absolue, mais construite en fonction des attentes et des conventions qui lient les différents acteurs du marché. Cet article analyse ainsi la refonte des conventions de qualité par les fabricants, les distributeurs et les consommateurs, à la fin du xix e siècle en Grande-Bretagne. Il examine ensuite ces différents acteurs au prisme de la relation entre les conventions et la législation, à partir du cas spécifique des marques et de la concurrence étrangère. L’analyse propose enfin une réflexion sur la nécessité de reconnecter le secteur industriel et les historiographies de la production et de la consommation, pour mieux comprendre ce que signifie la « qualité ».
Carte blanche à Nathalie Heinich
Authors: Nuytens Williams
Published: October 2020

Cet entretien conduit avec Nathalie Heinich, une spécialiste de l’œuvre de Norbert Elias, permet de revenir sur le travail du sociologue allemand et sa réception dans la communauté scientifique. Les questions soumises s’appuient à la fois sur les productions de Nathalie Heinich et sur quelques textes fondamentaux de Norbert Elias. Le traitement du sport (comme pratique et pratique de spectacle) se réalise plus ou moins directement, progressivement et sans tenir compte exclusivement de l’unique théorie du procès de civilisation . La raison de cette option tient au fait que les concepts associés renvoient à une production plus globale de Norbert Elias.
Équitation et violence(s) du Moyen Âge au XXI e siècle : évolution et situation des pratiques équestres en France du point de vue du processus de civilisation
Authors: Régnier Patrice , Deneux-Le Barh Vanina
Published: October 2020

Du Moyen Âge au XIX e  siècle, les pratiques équestres sont les formes de travail les plus prégnantes entre humains et chevaux. Elles permettent d’observer, via les traités d’équitation, d’art équestre et les guides fédéraux, le processus civilisateur. L’équitation sert à former les élites en établissant un parallèle entre maîtriser un cheval et commander des troupes, gouverner un peuple. Son évolution du Moyen Âge à nos jours témoigne de la diminution des violences appliquées au cheval, ainsi que l’adoucissement des activités équestres passant de la guerre à l’art puis au sport. Le cheval est aujourd’hui à nouveau envisagé dans ses fonctions d’éducation au respect et à la bienséance des humains. L’institutionnalisation des sports équestres a promu une éducation appuyée sur la compétition. La réduction des violences a été normée par le développement du bien-être équin. Aujourd’hui, elle atteint un stade ultime au travers des critiques des animalistes qui insistent sur les aspects capitalistiques et compétitifs de la relation anthropo-équine. Son développement constitue une nouvelle moralisation de la société en repensant les relations de vie et de travail avec les chevaux et plus largement avec les animaux, enjoignant les professionnels à modifier leurs pratiques, témoignant d’une nouvelle dimension du processus de civilisation .
Critical incidents of outsourcing processes in pharmaceutical supply chain: A mixed-methods approach
Authors: Marinkovic Valentina , Heine Ina , Milosevic Georgiev Andrijana , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: In this paper, a practical framework is presented for the successful integration of buyers and contract organizations based on the Critical Incident Technique (CIT).Methodology: The initial pool of situations was developed inductively according to qualitative data provided by ten experts in the field of outsourcing in pharmaceutical supply chain. Another group of experts evaluated these situations with regard to their degree of realism as well as relevance and allocated them to the five constructs (1) employee competence, (2) management commitment, (3) communication between organizations, (4) organizational culture, and (5) regulatory framework.Findings: The findings of the study show that communication appears to be the most frequent reason while regulatory framework seems to be the last frequent reason for critical incidents during outsourcing. Contract giver and service provide show diverging perceptions about the situations’ degree of realism and relevance. Analysis of the interrater agreement shows that the allocation to a single construct is a challenge due to the critical incidents’ complexity and multidimensionality.Originality: The critical incidents database and the presented framework serve as preventive behavioral-based quality management for the pharmaceutical supply chain.