bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engagement and Citizenship
Authors: Lewis Dan A.
Published: March 2016

The author proposes that “societal renewal” and the engagement required to accomplish that renewal should be the core of the university. By focusing on the basic building blocks of good citizenship (civic knowledge and civic action) the university can weave, at relatively low cost, programs and classes into its core. Using Northwestern University as a case study, the author demonstrates how this can be done.
The University's Sacred Mission
Authors: Myers Sondra
Published: March 2016

William Rainey Harper, president of the University of Chicago from 1891 to 1906, declared that “the university is the Messiah of the democracy, its to-be-expected deliverer.” The university has not always adopted that sacred charge willingly or effectively. We need to cut to the quick and demonstrate that democracy cannot survive without informed and engaged citizens. The university should and can deliver those citizens to our society while, at the same time, preparing them for careers and professions—or risk the erosion of our precious legacy.
Whose Lingua Franca? The Politics of Language in Transnational Medical Education
Authors: Kane Tanya
Published: March 2016

The lingua franca promoted at Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar belongs to few as a first language. The implementation of an English-medium curriculum at Qatar's only medical school has proved a double-edged sword. Despite English being deployed out of necessity as part of a strategy geared to improve health care provision and medical research in Qatar, its use has had some unintended consequences. Student engagement with this international language of science and its perceived impact on identity, pedagogy, and professional engagement is explored in the article.
Check Your Orientalism at the Door Edward Said, Sanjay Seth, and the Adequacy of Western Pedagogy
Authors: Paschyn Christina
Published: March 2016

Western pedagogy and its preconceived notions of the non-Western world can limit scholars from developing accurate understandings of culturally different societies. Western academics teaching at foreign and Western institutions abroad must be mindful of how ingrained and subconscious Orientalist thinking can distort and hinder their interactions with local students.
Two Loops that Need Closing
Authors: Scott Gray , Danley-Scott Jennifer
Published: March 2016

The existing literature on non-tenure-track (ntt) faculty focuses largely on whether relying on contingent faculty is harmful to students. However, studies rarely survey contingent faculty or explore how to increase ntt faculty participation in outcomes assessment, even though contingent faculty teach most general education courses. Our survey of ntt faculty at California higher education institutions finds that (1) community colleges are conveying accreditation concerns, rather than pedagogical benefits, to ntt faculty; (2) contingent faculty training has not sufficiently emphasized the purpose of assessment; and (3) ntt faculty should be included in meetings and training on assessment.
Reframing General Education
Authors: Zai Robert
Published: March 2016

From the colonial colleges to the present-day flagship universities, the undergraduate general education curriculum has dramatically shifted from a single, faculty-prescribed, general program to a diverse array of elective, student-choice-driven, specialized programs of general studies. This transformation has also encouraged, if not established, faculty specialization, disciplinary departments, and through research, the production of “new knowledge.” The general education curriculum has served as a dynamic “locus and transmitter” of student, faculty, and administrative as well as external social, cultural, economic, and governmental educational values and aspirations. While the contemporary general education curriculum has been comparatively static, general education represents a balance—or at least a stalemate, depending on one's perspective—of these often competing interests. While much has been written about general education, the enormity and complexity of the subject proves difficult for just a single theory to yield meaningful analysis and interpretation. Handily, Lee G. Bolman and Terrance E. Deal's Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership dissuades a single theoretical perspective in favor of a multifaceted analysis and interpretation; and when applied to general education, it allows a great deal of flexibility, and a number of useful themes emerge.
The Necessity of Teaching for Aesthetic Learning Experiences in Undergraduate General Education Science
Authors: Biscotte Stephen
Published: March 2016

Students should have aesthetic experiences to be fully engaged in science learning at any level. A general education science instructor can foster opportunities for aesthetic educative learning experiences enabling student growth. Drawing on the work of John Dewey and expanding on others in the field, Uhrmacher identifies the characteristics of the aesthetic experience, which include, but are not limited to, connections, active engagement, sensory experience, perceptivity, risk taking, and imagination. I argue that if instructors are not attending to these aesthetic characteristics, then students are not doing (learning) science and will therefore fail to meet any valuable outcomes identified for general education science.
Using ePortfolios to Assess and Improve the General Education Curriculum
Authors: Ring Gail L. , Waugaman Chelsea , Brackett Robert , Jackson Debra Broadwell
Published: March 2016

The article provides a comprehensive examination of the use of ePortfolios to assess and improve the General Education Program in a public university in the southeastern United States. The implementation process, six years of assessment data, findings from the recent reaffirmation of accreditation conducted by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges, and an extensive faculty development initiative were studied to understand their impact on the general education curriculum. In addition, a case study of two professors is included to learn the direct impact that participation in extensive faculty development had on the quality of artifacts generated by their students. Though our assessment strategy contains multiple measures, including ePortfolios, ets testing, and courses and grades, we understand that it is not enough to simply assess learning outcomes: we must engage in the recursive process of data collection, analysis, and continuous improvement.
Educating for Participation: Democratic Life and Performative Learning
Authors: Redaelli Eleonora
Published: March 2016

A democratic life is a form of associated living that requires people to participate in a pluralistic dialogue in different spheres of the civic society: government, community, and work. Higher education classes have a leading role in preparing students for participation in a democratic society; however, more could be done, in particular focusing on how students could learn participatory skills leveraging the diversity of large general education classes. In this article, I draw from Dewey's definition of democratic life and clarify the basic participatory skills necessary to further democracy. On this ground, I develop a pedagogical framework combining the teaching and learning literature with the liberal education and communication literature and suggest some teaching principles subsumed under the notion of performative learning. Then I apply this framework, developing a series of teaching strategies for a general education class titled Art and Human Values, which exemplifies how performative learning can be applied in the classroom, teaching students basic participatory skills and preparing them for a democratic life.
Research Note: Employment and Wage Sensitivity to Tourism Activities – The Case of US Tourist Arrivals and Expenditure in Hawaii
Authors: Chi Junwook
Published: March 2016

This study explores the dynamic effects of US employment, real wages, employee overtime hours, travel costs and market shocks on tourism demand to Hawaii from the US mainland. The results show that US tourist arrivals and expenditure in Hawaii are sensitive to a change in total employment. These findings suggest that employment growth is a driving force of US tourism demand for Hawaii. In examining the magnitudes of the income and substitution effects of a change in real wages, the income effect is found to outweigh its substitution effect, indicating that a rise in income resulting from a higher wage increases tourist expenditure in the USA. In addition, the 2001 terrorist attacks and the 2008 financial crisis have had detrimental impacts on tourism demand for Hawaii destinations.
Choice of the angler
Authors: Wallentin Erik
Published: March 2016

The author proposes a novel application for estimating demand for a single recreation site when data are limited. An aggregated zonal travel cost model is outlined and estimated in a panel setting using a negative binomial estimator with time-specific constants to capture unobserved time-varying quality attributes. The data are based on catch records for the Mörrum river salmon fishery, one of the most popular sport fishing destinations in Northern Europe. These are aggregated to the municipal level for the zonal estimation and give number of visits per municipality per week for the period 1999–2011. The results confirm the expected negative influence of travel cost on visits. Further, the inclusion of time-specific constants does not render all time-varying quality attributes insignificant.
Breve historia del ordenamiento territorial en Honduras
Authors: Corrales Andino Rafael Enrique , Mondragón Claudia Nataly
Published: March 2016

En América Latina el Ordenamiento Territorial (OT), ha sido de reciente historia, enmarcándose en la década de los ochentas (80´s), siendo concebida de manera diversa y asociada a las políticas urbanísticas, ambientales de desarrollo económico regional y de descentralización. En la actualidad se hace cada vez más común y necesaria la aplicación de programas o proyectos de OT, especialmente para hacer frente a los evidentes desequilibrios territoriales que se experimentan con mayor evidencia en la región Latinoamericana. Con los elementos centrales de modelos de OT Europeos y Latinoamericanos, como patrones de juicio para fundamentar las decisiones o acciones en materia de OT, Honduras inició su política de OT en 1994, a través de la Secretaría de Planificación, Coordinación y Presupuesto en aquel entonces SECPLAN. En el país aún falta desarrollar un plan nacional de ordenamiento territorial que valorice sus potencialidades referente a producción y ocupación, y respeten las limitaciones y la vulnerabilidad de los recursos naturales, en favor del desarrollo sostenible.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 6, Número 2 Otoño, 2013; 6-19
Modelo de realidad virtual de edificios emblemáticos en la Ciudad Universitaria de la UNAH basado en Análisis Espacial con Sistemas de Información Geográfica
Authors: Moreno Segura Eduardo L.
Published: March 2016

En la actualidad la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras se encuentra impulsando fuertemente y con pasos muy significativos el proceso de desarrollo físico en la ciudad Universitaria y sus campus regionales, en tal sentido es necesario el uso de la tecnología para optimizar la planificación, gestión y ordenamiento de su territorio para lo cual la forma de representar sus datos e información viene a tener un alto grado de importancia a la hora de modelar propuestas y tomar decisiones. Una de las representaciones de este tipo de información que en la actualidad ha sido muy efectiva es el modelado fotorrealista 3D que aunado a un sistema de información Geográfica permite modelar futuras afectaciones al contexto y viabilidad de los proyectos entre otros.El propósito de este proyecto es mostrar mediante modelado 3d, recorridos de realidad virtual interactivos sobre un Sistema de Información Geográfica, referente al estado de conservación arquitectónico de las principales edificaciones dentro del Campus de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras que sirva además para analizar proponer y promover proyectos de: Infraestructura dentro del proceso de plan maestro y desarrollo físico de la UNAH, Ordenamiento Territorial del campus y gestión del mismo.La metodología utilizada comprende la recopilación de información detallada por cada edificio como ser antecedentes, tipología, planos, fotografías y mediciones entre otras, las cuales fueron procesadas y usadas como insumo para el desarrollo de los modelos 3D georreferenciado incorporado en un SIG, desde el cual se procesarán los análisis de acuerdo a las necedades así como la manipulación en tiempo real y consultas al modelo.Los modelos generados como producto en este proyecto, podrán ser usados por planificadores, técnicos, restauradores entre otros, con el fin de hacer estudios, análisis, divulgación de proyectos o futuras predicciones sobre planes de actuación dentro del Campus Universitario.  Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 6, Número 2 Otoño, 2013; 76-94
Biochemical characterization of legume seeds as ingredients in animal feed
Authors: Martín-Pedrosa Mercedes , Varela Alejandro , Guillamon Eva , Cabellos Blanca , Burbano Carmen , Gomez-Fernandez Jose , De Mercado Eduardo , Gomez-Izquierdo Emilio , Cuadrado Carmen , Muzquiz Mercedes
Published: March 2016

The current European protein deficit is estimated as high as 70% of present needs. Because of the high protein content of their seeds, grain legumes are attractive candidates for lowering the deficiency in plant protein production. The objective of this work was to identify new sources of vegetable protein that would reduce our high dependence of soy, the main source of protein in the manufacture of feedstuffs. To achieve this goal, we determined the proximate composition, the bioactive components, as well as the antinutritional factors present in the studied seeds. In general, the protein, fat and carbohydrates content of legume seeds studied were within the limits found in the literature. The bioactive compounds detected in all the seeds were α-galactosides, myoinositol phosphates, protease inhibitors and phenols. IP6 (phytic acid) was the main inositol phosphate form in all the samples. The highest protease inhibitors content was detected in both Lathyrus cicera cultivars. Vicia ervilia and L. cicera cultivars showed low haemagglutinating activity (20.4 HU/g). The γ-glutamyl-S-ethenyl-cysteine content in Vicia narbonensis was around 16.0 mg/g. Both L. cicera varieties presented similar β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid content (0.80 mg/g). The two V. ervilia varieties showed high canavanine concentration (1.93-5.28 mg/g). Vicine was only detected in V. narbonensis cultivars (0.3 mg/g). The biochemical characterization carried out in this study allows us to know the limits of inclusion of these minor crop seeds in feed formulations in order to replace the soybean.
Plant-conservative agriculture of acid and degraded Raña-grassland enhances diversity of the common soil mites (Oribatida)
Authors: Jorrín Juan , González-Fernández Pedro
Published: March 2016

The seminatural prairie of the Raña of Cañamero (Spain) is a degraded and unproductive agrosystem with acid and stony soils, and low coverage of xerophytic grasses. In a project about secondary reconversion of the raña-prairie to a more productive cropland, an experimental field (EF) was established to assess the effect on plot-productivity of the interaction between correction of soil pH (liming) with three cropping systems: a no-tilled and annually fertilized and improved prairies, and a conventionally-tilled forage crop. The EF model of management was designed as plant-conservative, because no herbicide was applied after seeding to preserve the post-emergence of wild herbs and the natural grass diversity of the prairie. Between 2008 and 2012, we analysed the effect of managing factors (initial conventional-tillage, fertilization, liming and cropping) and agricultural predictors (pH, C:N ratio, soil bulk density and herbaceous biomass) on the alpha(α)-diversity of one of the major group of soil animals, the oribatids. In relation to the raña-prairie, all EF-plots improved their soil bulk density (ρs) and herbaceous biomass (t/ha), and enhanced desirable α-diversity values (richness, abundance and community equity). We conclude that the plant-conservative model: i) do not affect statistically the species richness of the prairie; ii) the desirable α-diversity responses are negatively correlated with soil bulk density and positively with herbaceous biomass, and iii) the low input or minimum intervention model, of an initial and conventional till and annual fertilisation, is the threshold and optimal model of agricultural management to improving oribatids diversity of the raña-soil.
Factors influencing farmers’ willingness to participate in water allocation trading. A case study in southern Spain
Authors: Giannoccaro Giacomo , Castillo Manuela , Berbel Julio
Published: March 2016

This study aims to uncover the factors that influence farmers’ attitudes towards water allocation trading. In the study, we simulate two water availability scenarios, an average year and a drought year, in a contingent valuation experiment with 241 farmers. A survey was held in the spring of 2012 in the Guadalquivir and Almanzora River Basins. First, we estimated a multinomial logit model to determine the factors that influence farmers to decide to participate in our hypothetical market. We then analysed the structural and socio-economic factors determining the monetary value of traded water using Heckman’s two-step model. Our results indicate that those farmers who are more innovative and have had agricultural training show a higher willingness to participate in water trading. Additionally, low water-supply guarantee and appropriate information about seasonal water availability increase the probability of participation. Higher willingness to pay (WTP) for water is found in horticulture and among farmers who grow citrus and other permanent crops; lower water selling value (WTA) is found in farms with extensive annual crops and traditional olive groves. However, monetary values (WTP/WTA) are strongly dependent on the current cost of irrigation water services. While findings of this research seem to support the idea of diffusion innovation theory, the existence of ethical concerns that might influence farmers’ acceptance of irrigation water markets needs further analysis.
Effect of different substrates for organic agriculture in seedling development of traditional species of Solanaceae
Authors: Olaria Maria , Nebot Jose F. , Molina Hector , Troncho Pilar , Lapeña Leonor , Llorens Eugenio
Published: March 2016

Sowing of seedlings is one of the most critical processes on the establishment of a crop, since the future development of the plant depends largely on its health when is planted on the field. Moreover, organic agriculture has to deal with the low application of fertilizers and pesticides, which hinder the growth of seedlings. In this work, we studied the big influence of different mixtures of substrates suitable for organic agriculture based on peat, coconut husk and vermicompost in traditional varieties of tomato, pepper and eggplant. Our results indicate that the use of coconut husk based substrates in organic agriculture can reduce the growth of seedlings between 20 and 30% compared with peat-based substrates. Moreover, the plants growth in this substrate showed lower levels of chlorophyll and lower weight, but the results are strongly dependent on the species tested. Comparison between traditional plants demonstrates that traditional varieties are strongly influenced by the substrate, whereas the growth of a commercial variety of tomato barely differs when different substrates are used. The election of the substrate in organic agriculture is critical to the correct development of the plant, especially when traditional plant varieties are used.
Nano chitosan-NPK fertilizer enhances the growth and productivity of wheat plants grown in sandy soil
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Heba M. M. , Hasaneen Mohammed N. A. , Omer Aya M.
Published: March 2016

Nanofertilizers have become a pioneer approach in agriculture research nowadays. In this paper we investigate the delivery of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) for wheat plants by foliar uptake. Chiotsan-NPK nanoparticles were easily applied to leaf surfaces and entered the stomata via gas uptake, avoiding direct interaction with soil systems. The uptake and translocation of nanoparticles inside wheat plants was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that nano particles were taken up and transported through phloem tissues. Treatment of wheat plants grown on sandy soil with nano chitosan-NPK fertilizer induced significant increases in harvest index, crop index and mobilization index of the determined wheat yield variables, as compared with control yield variables of wheat plants treated with normal non-fertilized and normal fertilized NPK. The life cycle of the nano-fertilized wheat plants was shorter than normal-fertilized wheat plants with the ratio of 23.5% (130 days compared with 170 days for yield production from date of sowing). Thus, accelerating plant growth and productivity by application of nanofertilizers can open new perspectives in agricultural practice. However, the response of plants to nanofertilizers varies with the type of plant species, their growth stages and nature of nanomaterials.
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing Pseudomonas isolates inhibit seed germination and α-amylase activity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)
Authors: Tabatabaei Samira , Ehsanzadeh Parviz , Etesami Hassan , Alikhani Hossein A. , Glick Bernard R.
Published: March 2016

The role of plant-associated bacteria in plant physiology and metabolism is well documented, but little has been known about the roles played by Pseudomonas in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) growth and development. An in vitroexperiment was conducted to observe the effect of the inoculation of four indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing Pseudomonas isolates and exogenous IAA on seed germination traits and α-amylase activity of durum wheat. The results showed inoculation with all bacterial isolates led to a decrease in the germination percent, although the extent of the depression varied with the isolate. A significant relationship between concentrations of bacterial IAA and the germination inhibition percent in durum wheat seeds by different bacteria strains was observed. The results of this assay showed the effect of bacterial isolates on α-amylase activity after six and 8 days of inoculation was significant, while effect of these isolates on α-amylase activity after two and 4 days of inoculation was not meaningful. In addition, the exogenously applied IAA displayed a concentration-dependent effect on seed germination attributes and α-amylase activity, consistent with the possibility that the inhibitory effect of bacterial inoculation on seed germination was in consequence of bacteria-produced IAA. Therefore, it may suggested that the inhibitory role of IAA in seed germination and α-amylase activity should be taken into account during the screening of IAA-producing Pseudomonas isolates for durum wheat growth promoting agents.
Economic Determinants of Nigeria’s Trade with China: A Cointegration Approach
Authors: Azu Nnanna P. , Abu-obe Eche
Published: March 2016

The China-Nigeria trade volume has been increasing over the years with no signs of slowing down any time soon. This work examined the long-and-short run economic catalysts that stimulate this trade relation with focus on Nigeria’s economic factors as well as the Third Country’s Factors. Japan’s REER was adopted as a Third Country’s Factor and Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique was used to determine the result. The outcome revealed that GDP, trade openness and FDI inflow possess significant positive influence on China-Nigeria trade relations while bilateral exchange rate and Third Country’s Factor are negative determinants, suggesting that improvement in domestic prices and increased real exchange rates of Japan could undermine China-Nigeria bilateral trade, howbeit, in the long-run. So, both countries should gear towards improving domestic prices, efficiency and competitiveness relative to the Third Country’s Effect to curtail its excessive influence on bilateral trade and particularly, Nigeria should focus on redefining its business environment politically and otherwise to attract further FDI and ameliorate its trading sector.
Het wetsvoorstel ter vergoeding van affectieschade: enkele gedachten en suggesties
Authors: Overes J.S.
Published: March 2016

Het wetsvoorstel ter vergoeding van affectieschade: enkele gedachten en suggesties

In juli 2015 is – na zo’n twaalf jaar wederom – een (nieuw) wetsvoorstel ter vergoeding van affectieschade ingediend bij de Tweede Kamer door de minister van Veiligheid en Justitie. De strekking van het huidige wetsvoorstel is de invoering van de mogelijkheid tot vergoeding van affectieschade in het Burgerlijk Wetboek alsook de verruiming om als derde schadevergoeding te kunnen krijgen in een strafproces en een wijziging van het recht omtrent beslag en overgang bij smartengeld. De auteur gaat in dit artikel in op de vraag of dit wetsvoorstel, zoals het nu voorligt, een goede regeling zou zijn.
Comparação dos níveis de flexibilidade de mulheres praticantes de hidroginástica e Pilates
Authors: Lima Alisson Padilha de , Silva Alanna Severino Duarte , Cardoso Fabrício Bruno
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Comparar o efeito de dois programas de exercícios físicos diferentes na flexibilidade de mulheres. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 200 mulheres. Para avaliação, utilizou-se o flexiteste por ser um instrumento eficaz e de baixo custo. Efetuou-se análise estatística por meio de comparações do teste Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Encontrou-se diferença significante entre as medidas das praticantes de Pilates em relação às de hidroginástica Z(U)=1,95, revelou-se um p
Análise da eficácia da mobilização neural do nervo isquiático sobre ganho de ADM
Authors: Barbosa Ana Paula Barros , Leal Seania Santos
Published: March 2016

Introdução: A mobilização neural (MN) vem sendo utilizada para restaurar o movimento e a elasticidade do sistema nervoso. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito imediato da MN do nervo isquiático sobre o ganho de amplitude de movimento (ADM) de flexão de quadril em indivíduos neurologicamente assintomáticos. Método: A amostra foi composta por 50 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos. No Grupo 1, realizou-se avaliação da amplitude do membro direito, em seguida, executaram-se aplicação da técnica de MN e reavaliação da ADM também no referido membro. No Grupo 2, efetuaram-se avaliação do membro direito, aplicação da técnica de MN no esquerdo e reavaliação da ADM no direito. Resultados: Pôde-se observar que a média de ADM nos dois grupos apresentou aumento significativo, e o grupo da mobilização indireta obteve maior resultado. Conclusão: A MN do nervo isquiático demonstrou ser uma técnica eficaz para o ganho de ADM de flexão do quadril em indivíduos assintomáticos.
Efeitos de diferentes tempos de alongamento na flexibilidade de bailarinas
Authors: Schiessl Milena , Lima Malu Cristina de Araújo Montoro
Published: March 2016

Introdução: Os exercícios de alongamento têm sido frequentemente utilizados no contexto esportivo, a fim de aumentar a flexibilidade durante os treinos e atividades visando a estiramento global e reeducação postural. Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos de diferentes tempos de alongamento na flexibilidade de bailarinas. Métodos: Vinte bailarinas foram divididas em três grupos: grupo controle (GC), apenas avaliado; grupo 30 segundos (G30) e grupo três minutos (G3) analisados após duas repetições de alongamentos isquiotibiais e adutores de coxa. Para avaliações, coletaram-se dados antropométricos e índices de flexibilidade por goniometria e caixa de sentar e alcançar de Weels. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação às avaliações de flexibilidade. Conclusão: Entre os tempos de alongamento não houve diferença significativa. Os dados sugerem que, em ensaios e espetáculos, o tempo menor de alongamento poderá ser utilizado como parte integrante do preparo da bailarina.
Evidências científicas no tratamento fisioterapêutico da tendinopatia patelar: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Santos Fernanda Trilha dos , Piazza Lisiane
Published: March 2016

Introdução: A tendinopatia patelar é uma afecção frequente entre esportistas. Objetivo: Investigar as evidências científicas no tratamento fisioterapêutico da tendinopatia patelar. Métodos: Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados, nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola publicados de 2004 a 2014, sendo utilizados para a busca os descritores tendinopatia, tendinopatia patelar e patela nas bases: Medline, PubMed, Lilacs e PEDro. Os artigos foram analisados de forma independente e cega, por dois pesquisadores. Para avaliar a qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi aplicada a escala PEDro. Resultados: Na busca inicial foram encontrados 37.155 artigos. Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, permaneceram dez estudos, sendo todos com uma boa qualidade metodológica segundo a escala PEDro. Conclusões: A abordagem fisioterapêutica mediante utilização de exercícios excêntricos foi a que mostrou maior eficácia no tratamento da tendinopatia patelar, sendo superior a outras formas de intervenções fisioterapêuticas e outros tipos de tratamentos como o medicamentoso e cirúrgico.
Treino materno para estimulação domiciliar sugere melhora no desenvolvimento motor de prematuros
Authors: Araujo Danielle Mendonça , Ribeiro Mariane Fernandes , Espíndula Ana Paula
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de lactentes pré-termo no primeiro mês de idade cronológica e comparar com o desempenho no primeiro e no terceiro mês de idades corrigidas, após treinamento materno para estimulação domiciliar. Métodos: Selecionaram-se seis lactentes, com idade gestacional média de 33,6 semanas, peso ao nascimento médio de 1853 g e APGAR ≥ 7 no quinto minuto. Realizou-se treinamento em cinco encontros, sendo utilizada uma cartilha para auxiliar orientações. Para avaliação, usou-se a Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta. Resultados: Os lactentes obtiveram pontuações abaixo do esperado com um mês cronológico, evidenciando a necessidade de correção da idade. Houve aumento significativo na pontuação da amostra no primeiro mês de idade corrigida, e manutenção no terceiro mês de idade corrigida. Conclusão: Verificou-se que há uma tendência à melhora do desempenho motor dos lactentes prematuros cujas mães realizam a estimulação precoce domiciliar e essa pode ser mais uma estratégia terapêutica utilizada pelos profissionais.
Indicadores na gestão universitária: uma metodologia de apoio
Authors: Miranda Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2016

O mote deste manuscrito é apresentar a construção e o uso de indicadores no processo de autoavaliação de uma universidade, como orientado pelo Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Ensino Superior (SINAES). O uso de indicadores possibilita auxiliar a gestão da informação na instância decisória da instituição, principalmente em tempos em que a produção da informação é abundante. Neste estudo utilizaram-se dados da avaliação realizada pelo corpo discente entre 2008 e 2010 do Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo (Unisal). Os resultados mostraram que a produção de indicadores deve ter legitimidade técnica, política e que deve ser produzido coletivamente dentro da instituição, pois somente a partir de um processo que reúne informações e dados coletivos, pode-se estimular a análise reflexiva das práticas em busca de melhorias em todos os níveis.
Inclusão escolar: Atendimento Educacional Especializado, expertise e normalização
Authors: Gräff Patrícia , Medeiros Daniela
Published: March 2016

A escola contemporânea vem sendo re/modelada para incluir e, a partir da inclusão, agir sobre todos os corpos. Neste cenário, tensionaremos as balizas que instituem o Atendimento Educacional Especializado como serviço que re/direciona práticas pedagógicas. Olhando para este atendimento, apoiadas em um referencial pós-estruturalista – Nikolas Rose e Michel Foucault –, partimos do pressuposto de que o professor de AEE, na condição de profissional especializado, empreende esforços para diminuir os riscos e normalizar os sujeitos. Assim, inferimos que, constituindo-se enquanto expertise, cabe a este profissional aproximar os sujeitos inclusivos da normalidade, investindo esforços em ações específicas e determinadas para cada sujeito, com vistas a produção de subjetividades cada vez mais inclusivas.
O arquiteto-professor: a opção pela docência dos arquitetos urbanistas do estado Ceará
Authors: Alcântara Cláudia Sales , Lima Maria Socorro Lucena , Sales José Albio Moreira
Published: March 2016

As discussões sobre a profissão docente são retratadas de maneiras diversas e nos mais variados contextos, este artigo tem por objetivo abordá-la com o intuito de compreender como foi construída a(s) identidade(s) dos professores dos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo do estado do Ceará. Tornar-se professor envolve um complexo processo de apoderação que implica muitos fatores, tais como a vida individual de cada sujeito e a história das suas práticas educativas. Sabendo disto perguntamos a 06 (seis) professores das diferentes instituições de ensino superior existentes no Estado do Ceará porque eles fizeram a opção pela docência. Percebemos pelos relatos que tornar-se professor de arquitetura e urbanismo envolve um complexo processo tais como, a estabilidade financeira, a vocação e realização pessoal.
Collegio allemão de Pelotas-1923: cultura escolar e Deutschtum
Authors: Fonseca Maria Angela Peter da , Tambara Elomar Antonio Callegaro
Published: March 2016

Neste artigo contemplam-se especificidades da cultura escolar em um colégio teuto-brasileiro urbano, na década de 1920, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa foi realizado de forma quanti-qualitativa, bibliográfica, documental e por meio de entrevista, privilegiando um aspecto descritivo, cuja fonte principal é o Relatório Escolar do Collegio Allemão de Pelotas de 1923. Através da análise de cinco tabelas apreendem-se dados relevantes de práticas culturais, desenvolvidas por um corpo docente masculino e feminino, direcionadas a um corpo discente misto, de descendentes de teuto-brasileiros, com a elaboração de um currículo ministrado 60% em língua alemã, indicador da salvaguarda de um capital cultural denominado Deutschtum por meio da instituição escolar em tempos de Nacionalização do Ensino no Brasil, conjugando memória étnica com os valores emergentes da cidadania brasileira.
A magia do vestibular: a produção da crença no “dom” entre os estudantes do IFSP
Authors: Bandera Nicolau Dela
Published: March 2016

Este artigo analisa os efeitos subjetivos e simbólicos produzidos entre os estudantes aprovados por um dos vestibulares mais concorridos na cidade de São Paulo, o vestibulinho para acesso ao ensino médio da Escola Técnica Federal, efeitos que se referem tanto às representações subjetivas dos estudantes acerca de si mesmos quanto sobre o perfil da instituição. Um dos efeitos do vestibulinho, definido por Pierre Bourdieu enquanto um rito de instituição, refere-se à produção de um sentimento de eleição que confirma a crença no “dom” entre os estudantes da Federal para jogar o jogo escolar. A pesquisa possui como metodologia a realização e análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 21 jovens, selecionados a partir de um questionário aplicado a todos os estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio (total de 257 questionários).
Competência Ética, Atenção e Educação
Authors: Ruiz Adriano Rodrigues
Published: March 2016

Este artigo relata a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a competência ética em ambientes escolares. Partiu-se da concepção de ética como a sabedoria diante de situações cotidianas, na interação da pessoa com si própria e com o mundo. Considerou-se a orientação epistemológica como determinante das relações éticas e encaminhou-se a discussão a partir de dois eixos: um que entende ser o humano determinado pelo ambiente; e, o outro, que o concebe como construtor do mundo e de si próprio. Concluiu-se que a crença no poder do ambiente fomenta o espírito ético da padronização; enquanto isso, na perspectiva centrada na ação do sujeito, a competência ética surge como não pertencente aos conteúdos ensináveis, mas como algo que se aprende praticando: valorizando o olhar atento que busca ver e compreender o mundo.
A democratização da escola pública: velhos e novos modelos de gestão escolar
Authors: Ruiz Maria José Ferreira , Marinheiro Edwylson De Lima
Published: March 2016

O objetivo do texto é discutir as alterações nos modelos de gestão pública e as implicações para a gestão educacional. Partimos do pressuposto que o padrão de gestão das instituições públicas se altera conforme a reestruturação do capitalismo e suas crises constantes. O estudo faz referência a três modelos de gestão, sendo estes: a gestão burocrática, a gestão democrática e a gestão empresarial gerencial. Conclui que na gestão pública há a predominância dos modelos de gestão empresarial gerencial e da gestão burocrática, que ainda não foi superada. Contudo, contraditoriamente, a gestão democrática está presente na legislação da educação, por conta da luta dos trabalhadores desta área, mas, se desenrola de forma muito tênue e embrionária nas escolas públicas.
Os sinais da educação integral (1960)
Authors: Souza Edilson De
Published: March 2016

Nesta tentativa de aproximar Anísio Teixeira e Darcy Ribeiro trilhamos pela temática da educação integral, condição primordial para um projeto de emancipação social. Orientando-nos por uma “política de liberdade”, fizemos com que esses dois intelectuais cruzassem, novamente, um o caminho do outro. Para nós, os resultados foram férteis, porque ao olharmos tanto para a trajetória quanto para seus projetos, conseguimos vislumbrar a possibilidade de uma sociedade autônoma alinhada a um projeto pensado por um, para atender a uma sociedade em pleno processo de crescimento, que ia deixando um lastro de pessoas desatendidas pela escola, e pelo outro, para resgatar o direito social, perdido ao longo da história republicana do pais.
Reflexividade e escrita sociológica
Authors: Colombo Enzo
Published: March 2016

Neste artigo pretendo concentrar-me na noção de reflexividade aproximando o significado à experiência contemporânea. Ao contrário de reflexividade tradicional, equivalente à virtude e reflexividade moderna, equivalente à autorreflexão e diálogo interno, proponho a noção de ‘reflexividade construcionista’ para evidenciar o processo recursivo de inclusão dos produtos sociais na facticidade da realidade. Na segunda parte do artigo, coloco em questão o conceito de ‘reflexividade construcionista’ como um instrumento para a descrição da realidade social, com especial referência para a escrita sociológica. Finalmente, sugiro três dimensões principais para desenvolver uma forma de escrita reflexiva construcionista: escuta, crítica e responsabilidade.
Robust Differentiation of mRNA-Reprogrammed Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Toward a Retinal Lineage
Authors: Sridhar Akshayalakshmi , Ohlemacher Sarah K. , Langer Kirstin B. , Meyer Jason S.
Published: March 2016

The derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patient-specific sources has allowed for the development of novel approaches to studies of human development and disease. However, traditional methods of generating hiPSCs involve the risks of genomic integration and potential constitutive expression of pluripotency factors and often exhibit low reprogramming efficiencies. The recent description of cellular reprogramming using synthetic mRNA molecules might eliminate these shortcomings; however, the ability of mRNA-reprogrammed hiPSCs to effectively give rise to retinal cell lineages has yet to be demonstrated. Thus, efforts were undertaken to test the ability and efficiency of mRNA-reprogrammed hiPSCs to yield retinal cell types in a directed, stepwise manner. hiPSCs were generated from human fibroblasts via mRNA reprogramming, with parallel cultures of isogenic human fibroblasts reprogrammed via retroviral delivery of reprogramming factors. New lines of mRNA-reprogrammed hiPSCs were established and were subsequently differentiated into a retinal fate using established protocols in a directed, stepwise fashion. The efficiency of retinal differentiation from these lines was compared with retroviral-derived cell lines at various stages of development. On differentiation, mRNA-reprogrammed hiPSCs were capable of robust differentiation to a retinal fate, including the derivation of photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells, at efficiencies often equal to or greater than their retroviral-derived hiPSC counterparts. Thus, given that hiPSCs derived through mRNA-based reprogramming strategies offer numerous advantages owing to the lack of genomic integration or constitutive expression of pluripotency genes, such methods likely represent a promising new approach for retinal stem cell research, in particular, those for translational applications.

Significance

In the current report, the ability to derive mRNA-reprogrammed human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), followed by the differentiation of these cells toward a retinal lineage, including photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells, and retinal pigment epithelium, has been demonstrated. The use of mRNA reprogramming to yield pluripotency represents a unique ability to derive pluripotent stem cells without the use of DNA vectors, ensuring the lack of genomic integration and constitutive expression. The studies reported in the present article serve to establish a more reproducible system with which to derive retinal cell types from hiPSCs through the prevention of genomic integration of delivered genes and should also eliminate the risk of constitutive expression of these genes. Such ability has important implications for the study of, and development of potential treatments for, retinal degenerative disorders and the development of novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of these diseases.
Bias dependence of spin injection/transport properties of a perpendicularly magnetized FePt/MgO/GaAs structure
Authors: Ohsugi Rento , Kunihashi Yoji , Sanada Haruki , Kohda Makoto , Gotoh Hideki , Sogawa Tetsuomi , Nitta Junsaku
Published: March 2016

We demonstrate injection and transport of perpendicularly spin-polarized electrons in an FePt/MgO/n-GaAs structure. Spin-polarized electrons were injected from a perpendicularly magnetized FePt layer into an n-GaAs layer through a MgO barrier and detected by spatially resolved Kerr rotation microscopy. By measuring the Hanle effect, we reveal that the injected/extracted spin polarizations drastically vary with bias voltages. A spin lifetime of 3.5 ns is obtained that is consistent with the result from pump–probe measurements. This direct observation of perpendicularly polarized spin injection and lateral transport is one step toward realizing future spintronic devices.
Boron diffusion layer formation using Ge cryogenic implantation with low-temperature microwave annealing
Authors: Murakoshi Atsushi , Harada Tsubasa , Miyano Kiyotaka , Harakawa Hideaki , Aoyama Tomonori , Yamashita Hirofumi , Kohyama Yusuke
Published: March 2016

It is shown that a low-sheet-resistance p-type diffusion layer with a small diffusion depth can be fabricated efficiently by cryogenic boron and germanium implantation combined with low-temperature (400 °C) microwave annealing. Compared with the conventional annealing at 1000 °C, a much smaller diffusion depth is obtained at the same sheet resistance. The low sheet resistance at 400 °C is due to microwave absorption in the surface amorphous layer, which is formed by cryogenic germanium implantation. However, the pn junction leakage was worse than that in conventional annealing, because crystal defects remain near the amorphous/crystal interface after microwave annealing. It is found that the pn junction leakage is improved greatly by cryogenic germanium implantation. These results show that a suitable combination of cryogenic implantation and microwave annealing is very promising for p-type diffusion layer technology.
Effects of trap-assisted tunneling on gate-induced drain leakage in silicon–germanium channel p-type FET for scaled supply voltages
Authors: Tiwari Vishal A. , Divakaruni Rama , Hook Terence B. , Nair Deleep R.
Published: March 2016

Silicon–germanium is considered as an alternative channel material to silicon p-type FET (pFET) for the development of energy efficient high performance transistors for 28 nm and beyond in a high-k metal gate technology because of its lower threshold voltage and higher mobility. However, gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) is a concern for high threshold voltage device design because of tunneling at reduced bandgap. In this work, the trap-assisted tunneling and band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) effects on GIDL is analyzed and modeled for SiGe pFETs. Experimental results and Monte Carlo simulation results reveal that the pre-halo germanium pre-amorphization implant used to contain the short channel effects contribute to GIDL at the drain sidewall in addition to GIDL due to BTBT in SiGe devices. The results are validated by comparing the experimental observations with the numerical simulation and a set of calibrated models are used to describe the GIDL mechanisms for various drain and gate bias.
Tensile strain engineering of germanium micro-disks on free-standing SiO2 beams
Authors: Al-Attili Abdelrahman Z. , Kako Satoshi , Husain Muhammad K. , Gardes Frederic Y. , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko , Saito Shinichi
Published: March 2016

Tensile strain is required to enhance light-emitting direct-gap recombinations in germanium (Ge), which is a promising group IV material for realizing a monolithic light source on Si. Ge micro-disks on free-standing SiO2 beams were fabricated using Ge-on-Insulator wafers for applying tensile strain to Ge in a structure compatible with an optical confinement. We have studied the nature of the strain by Raman spectroscopy in comparison with finite-element computer simulations. We show the impacts of the beam design on the corresponding strain value, orientation, and uniformity, which can be exploited for Ge light emission applications. It was found that the tensile strain values are larger if the length of the beam is smaller. We confirmed that both uniaxial and biaxial strain can be applied to Ge disks, and maximum strain values of 1.1 and 0.6% have been achieved, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. From the photoluminescence spectra of Ge micro-disks, we have also found a larger energy-splitting between the light-hole and the heavy-hole bands in shorter beams, indicating the impact of tensile strain.
Improving crystalline quality of sputtering-deposited MoS2 thin film by postdeposition sulfurization annealing using (t-C4H9)2S2
Authors: Ishihara Seiya , Hibino Yusuke , Sawamoto Naomi , Suda Kohei , Ohashi Takumi , Matsuura Kentarou , Machida Hideaki , Ishikawa Masato , Sudoh Hiroshi , Wakabayashi Hitoshi , Ogura Atsushi
Published: March 2016

A sputtered MoS2 thin film is a candidate for realizing enhancement-mode MoS2 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). However, there are some sulfur vacancies in the film, which degrade the device performance. In this study, we performed postdeposition sulfurization annealing (PSA) on a sputtered MoS2 thin film in order to complement sulfur vacancies, and we investigated the fundamental properties of the MoS2 film. As a result, a high-quality crystalline 10-layer MoS2 film with an ideal stoichiometric composition was obtained at a relatively low process temperature (500 °C). The MoS2 film had an indirect bandgap of 1.36 eV and a high Hall mobility compared with the as-deposited sputtered MoS2 film.