bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-embryonic development of the lateral eye of Cloeon sp. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Gupta Susmita , Gupta Abhik , Meyer-Rochow V. Benno
Published: August 2019

Post-embryonic developmental patterns of the lateral eyes of both male and female Cloeon sp. are described and compared with each other morphometrically on the basis of scanning electron microscopy. In the larvae number of ommatidia, ommatidial size, and total corneal surface area of the eye increase towards the subimaginal moult. It is then that clear differences between males and females begin to occur: while further increases in the number of ommatidia are recorded from the lateral eye of subimago and imago females (accompanied by decreasing facet sizes and interommatidial angles), males show decreasing numbers of ommatidia and total corneal areas in their lateral eyes as they prepare to leave the water. Consequently, the lateral eyes of a female are larger than those of a male imago. It appears that the enormous development of the dorsal eyes of the males has occurred at the expense of the lateral eyes. In male as well as female lateral eyes two major facet shapes are encountered: squares with rounded corners which are predominantly found in the central and upward looking areas, and hexagons which are dominating the lateral and ventral-facing regions. The different roles of the lateral eyes in male and female baetid mayflies is discussed in relation to their flights and the intriguing idea is presented that females might choose males with the largest dorsal eyes.
Review: Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera) - World Catalogue of lnsects
Authors: Biström Olof
Published: August 2019

Hansen, M. 1999: Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera). World Catalogue of lnsects. 2. -Apollo Books 416 pp. ISBN 87-88757-31-5. Price DKR 690:- (standing order discount 10% available from publisher Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup).
Interesting collection of Corixidae (Heteroptera) from a fish pond
Authors: Jansson Antti
Published: August 2019

Altogether 13 species of Corixidae were collected from a drained fish pond in southern Finland in the fall of 1999. Ten of the species had been breeding in the pond, and were thus permanent residents of the habitat. Two species, Sigara limitata and Sigara longipalis, were new to the province of Ta. In taxonomy of the family Corixidae, Glaenocorisa cavifrons (Thomson) is considered as a distinct species because it is sympatric with G. propinqua (Fieber) in Scotland and in northern Finland.
Index to genera and species, Volume 11 (2000)
Authors: Itämies Juhani
Published: August 2019

Index to genera and species • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11
Redescription of the larva of Siobla ruficornis (Gimmerthal, 1834) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from East Finland
Authors: Ahola Matti
Published: August 2019

The larva of Siobla ruficornis (Gimmerthal, 1834) is redescribed on the basis of specimens collected in East Finland (PS:Heinävesi) on 14 August 1999. Four larvae were found on Prunus cerasus and one on Rubus idaeus. Malaise (1932) briefly described ornaments of a larva found on Epilobium angustifolium in NE Asia. The habitus of Finnish larvae conforms closely to Malaise’s description. Further characteristics are added here and drawings of mouthparts and colour picture of larva are given.
Two dryinid species new for Fennoscandia with a re-evaluation of the generic division of N. European Gonatopodinae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)
Authors: Vikberg Veli , Koponen Martti
Published: August 2019

Bocchus vernieri Olmi, 1995 was found in Ta: Tammela, southern Finland, as the first species of the subfamily Bocchinae for Fennoscandia; it is a new species for N. Europe. Gonatopus horvathi Kieffer, 1906 is added to the fauna of Finland; it is also a new species for Northern Europe. The two species are further described on the basis of the new material. The generic position of North European species of Gonatopodinae is re-evaluated, and it is concluded that a single genus, Gonatopus Ljungh, should be recognized, to include two subgenera, Dicondylus Haliday (Haplogonatopus R. C. L. Perkins, syn. nov.) and Gonatopus s. str. In the Appendix Bocchus italicus Olmi, 1984 is reported from Corfu as new to the fauna of Greece.
Redescription and biology of Trichosia (Baeosciara) sinuata Menzel & Mohrig (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Vilkamaa Pekka , Komonen Atte
Published: August 2019

Trichosia (Baeosciara) sinuata Menzel & Mohrig, previously known only from the holotype from Austria, is redescribed and its biology discussed. Individuals of the species were reared from an old-growth forest bracket fungus Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.) P. Karst from eastern Finland. We suggest that B. sinuata might be parasitised by the ichneumonid wasp Stenomacrus curvulus (Thomson).
Records of scythridids from Tunisia, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae)
Authors: Nupponen Kari
Published: August 2019

A list of 13 species of the family Scythrididae collected during 29.IV.– 04.V.2000 in Tunisia is presented. Two new species are described: Scythris kefensis sp. n. and S. spectatorella sp. n.. Both of them are small, dark moths belonging to the subfasciata species-group. S. aciella Bengtsson, 1997 and S. azrouensis Bengtsson, 1997 are recorded for the first time from Tunisia. Further notes on these and some other taxa are given.
A scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae) parasitizing a beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Russia
Authors: Disney Henry , Zvereva Elena , Mostovski Mikhail
Published: August 2019

Megaselia opacicornis Schmitz is reported parasitizing the pupae of Melasoma lapponica (L.). The hitherto unknown male of the fly is described and the recognition of the female clarified. Life history data are summarised.
Notes on the larval biology of Xestia borealis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Várkonyi Gergely , Ahola Matti
Published: August 2019

Observations on a larva of Xestia borealis found in nature are presented. Our findings support the view that the species has a two-year life cycle with two obligatory winter diapauses. Like Xestia sincera, X. borealis seems to prefer buds and fresh shoots of spruce in its diet. Both species overwinter for the first time as large III–IV instar larvae, after overwintering rapidly complete their larval development, and subsequently fall into a long summer diapause. We also discuss some features of larval biology of other boreal Xestia species with a two-year life cycle.
The cochylid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains, with description of Cochylimorpha ignicolorana Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Cochylini)
Authors: Nupponen Kari , Junnilainen Jari , Nupponen Timo , Olschwang Vladimir
Published: August 2019

A list of 78 species of the tortricoid tribe Cochylini from the southern Ural Mountains is presented. The material was collected during 1996–2000 on nine different Finnish-Russian expeditions. Cochylimorpha ignicolorana Junnilainen & K. Nupponen sp. n. is described. The new taxon occurs on dry steppe slopes in the headland region of the southern Urals, and it is rather easy to separate from closely related taxa both externally and by the male genitalia. In addition, 7 species are reported as new for Europe and 4 species as new for Russia. The known distribution range of each species is given as well as further notes on some poorly known taxa.
Two new species of Swammerdamia from the southern Ural Mountains and southern Siberia (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)
Authors: Junnilainen Jari
Published: August 2019

Swammerdamia glaucella sp. n. and S. buraetella sp. n. are described on the basis of material collected from the southern Ural Mountains and southern Siberia. S. glaucella occurs in forest steppe slopes and bushy meadows in two generations from the end of May to the beginning of July and late July. The species is widely distributed in southern Russia and the adjacent regions. S. buraetella is only known from Buryatia where it seems to favour open steppe habitats. The species occurs in two generations from the end of April to the end of May and in July. Both new taxa differ from their known relatives both externally and on the structures of genitalia. The Russian records of Kessleria caflischiella (Frey, 1880) are discussed.
Lepidoptera collected in the Canadian Arctic during the Tundra Northwest 99 expedition
Authors: Rydell Jens , Roininen Heikki , Philip Kenelm , Karhu Ali
Published: August 2019

During the Swedish-Canadian icebreaker-based expedition to the Nearctic in summer 1999 (July and early August), moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) were collected during short, helicopter-aided visits to eight sites in the Canadian archipelago, three sites on the Canadian mainland near the arctic coast and also at Thule Air Force Base in north Greenland. Some of the visited sites (notably those on Melville Peninsula, Somerset Island and King William Island) have not previously been investigated with respect to their insect faunas. Several records thus represent species range extensions. They generally corroborate an earlier hypothesis, based on a floristic zonation scheme, which has been used as a framework for understanding the distribution of Arctic butterflies.
The internal genitalia as a taxonomic tool: description of the relict endemic moth, Coranarta restricta sp. n., from the Iberian Peninsula (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae)
Authors: Yela José
Published: August 2019

A comparative study of the internal genitalia and examination of ecological preferences show that the Iberian populations formerly referred to as Coranarta cordigera (Thunberg, 1788) should be recognised as a distinct species, Coranarta restricta sp. n. Because of its rarity, extremely local distribution, and endemic and relict character, it should be regarded as an endangered species and its potential as a flagship species in conservation programmes is addressed. The phylogenetic and zoogeographical relationships among the species of Coranarta are outlined. The utility of structural matching of internal genitalia in conspecific males and females as a taxonomic tool is discussed, together with the main hypotheses of the evolutionary significance of internal genital differentiation in allopatric species.
Ant-associated beetles of Fennoscandia and Denmark
Authors: Päivinen Jussi , Ahlroth Petri , Kaitala Veijo
Published: August 2019

Ants have a negative impact on populations of many arthropod species. On the other hand, numerous arthropod species live in association with ants. In this paper we list ant-associated beetles (including myrmecophiles) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Data is based on a literature survey and new field observations. We list 369 ant-associated beetle species of which 73 are categorized as myrmecophilous. Our data suggests that there might be numerous beetle species associated with ants, which are not generally known to do so. This indicates that ant colonies may be important habitats for a large variety of beetle species.
Occurrence and experimental introduction of Capricornia boisduvaliana (Duponchel, 1836) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Finland
Authors: Välimäki Panu , Itämies Juhani
Published: August 2019

The rapid decline of Capricornia boisduvaliana in Finland during the past two decades is summarised. The only known occupied meadow is located in northern Finland, in the vicinity of Rovaniemi. The distribution of the species in two provinces (Oba and Obb) was surveyed in 1998 by searching through 95 sites. No other occupied sites were found. The biology of the species was also studied. Larvae overwinter as half-grown and feed on Trifolium pratense L. close to the ground, where they spin silken webs around the base of the food plant and among protective litter. In Finland, the species is currently critically threatened, and restoration of habitat and experimental introductions were, therefore, started in the summer 1999 in Rovaniemen mlk. close to the known occupied site. The eggs produced by 15 females were divided into three groups and transported onto three restored meadows. Habitat restoration at three other sites was also started in the same summer. The next summer, reinforcement + introductions were carried out. After the first two years, both larvae and adults were observed at two introduction sites. Restoration of habitats continued in 2001.
The ecology and biology of Coleophora boreella Benander, 1939 (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)
Authors: Itämies Juhani , Mutanen Marko , Wikström Bo
Published: August 2019

The ecology and biology of Coleophora boreella Benander, 1939 are described. In Hailuoto, northern Finland, the food plant is Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae). The larva mines and feeds externally on the leaves and also feeds on seeds. The larval case is described and the taxonomic status of C. sternipennella group is briefly discussed.
Taxonomy and identification of Elachista cingillella (Herrich- Schäffer, 1855) and its close relatives (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Kaila Lauri , Junnilainen Jari
Published: August 2019

The Elachista cingillella complex is defined and diagnosed. The identity of E. cingillella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) is clarified, and E. densicornella Hodgkinson, 1879 is confirmed to be a junior synonym of it. Redescriptions are given for the closely related, little known or misunderstood species E. fasciola Parenti, 1983 and E. nedaella Traugott-Olsen, 1985. Elachista metella Kaila sp. n. is described from Croatia and E. sutteri Kaila sp. n. from Samos, Greece. E. cingillella is a rarely found species distributed in central and northern Europe. All checked records of it from the Mediterranean region are based on misidentified specimens of E. metella sp. n., which is widely distributed in southern Europe and southern parts of central Europe. E. fasciola Parenti is distributed from Eastern Europe to Japan. E. nedaella Traugott-Olsen is only known from Crete, E. sutteri sp. n. from eastern Greece.
Antti Jansson (1940–2002)
Authors: Pajunen Ilmari , Huldén Larry
Published: August 2019

Entomologica Fennica. 9 December 2002
Review: Attachment Devices of Insect Cuticle
Authors: Ågren Lennart
Published: August 2019

Gorb, S. 2001: Attachment Devices of Insect Cuticle. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/ London. 305 pages. ISBN 0-7923-7153-4.
Distribution and co-existence of the Macropis species and their cleptoparasite Epeoloides coecutiens (Fabr.) in NW Europe (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Melittidae and Apidae)
Authors: Pekkarinen Antti , Berg Øistein , Calabuig Isabel , Janzon Lars-Åke , Luig Jaan
Published: August 2019

The Macropis species collect pollen and fatty oil secreted by flowers of loosestrifes (Lysimachia, Primulaceae) and are the only known oil-collecting bees in the Holarctic. In NW Europe, L. vulgaris is the main or (in large areas) sole pollen and oil source for M. europaea Warncke (labiata auct.) and M. fulvipes (Fabr.). The species are largely sympatric in southern Finland and the Baltic countries, while in Scandinavia and most of Denmark only M. europaea has been recorded. The ranges of the Macropis species are restricted to the areas of common occurrence of L. vulgaris. Presumably, Epeoloides coecutiens has colonized Finland and Estonia since about 1970. The phenology of M. fulvipes is some days earlier than that of M. europaea, and this temporal difference may decrease resource competition in the co-existing populations.
Contribution to the fauna of Elachistidae (Lepidoptera) of the Southern Ural Mountains
Authors: Kaila Lauri , Nupponen Kari , Junnilainen Jari , Nupponen Timo , Kaitila Jari-Pekka , Olschwang Vladimir
Published: August 2019

The Elachistidae fauna of the southern Ural area, Russia, is outlined. A total of 51 species are listed, four of which remain unidentified to species level. Six species are described as new: Elachista (Aphelosetia) olschwangi Kaila sp. n., E. (A.) arduella Kaila sp. n., E. (A.) gibbera Kaila sp. n., E. (A.) chamaea Kaila sp. n., E. (A.) acutella Kaila sp. n. and E. (Elachista) devexella Kaila sp. n. Four species are reported for the first time from Europe and illustrated: Perittia sibirica Sinev, Elachista (Hemiprosopa) altaica (Sinev), E. (E.) megagnathos Sruoga and E. (E.) baikalica Kaila. The previously unknown female of E. megagnathos is described. Fourteen species are reported as new to Russia. Further illustrations and notes on some poorly known species are given.
First instar larvae of nine West-Palaearctic species of Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Szpila Krzysztof
Published: August 2019

The present paper describes first instar larvae of Pollenia amentaria (Scopoli), Pollenia angustigena Wainwright, Pollenia atramentaria (Meigen), Pollenia labialis Robineau-Desvoidy, Pollenia mayeri Jacentkovsky, Pollenia pediculata Macquart, Pollenia rudis (Fabricius), Pollenia similis (Jacentkovsky), and Pollenia vagabunda (Meigen). Morphologies of the first instar larvae of the above-mentioned species are studied with respect to their potential use for species identification. A key for the identification of all first instar larvae of Pollenia known at present is provided.
Beetles in polypores of the Moscow region: checklist and ecological notes
Authors: Nikitsky Nikolay , Schigel Dmitry
Published: August 2019

Polypore inhabiting beetles in the Moscow region were studied. Sixty-one polypore species harboured 261 species of beetles (174 species coming to polypores as imago, 87 species developing in polypores at larval stage). The highest number of species was found in polypores growing on deciduous trees: Fomes fomentarius (102 beetle species), Polyporus squamosus (94 species), Laetiporus sulphureus (81 species) and Piptoporus betulinus (62 species). Imaginal species diversity is much higher than larval, although the later can be more abundant. Ennearthron cornutum (found on 20 species of polypores) and Cis comptus (16 species) occurred in the largest number of fungal species.
New species of the genus Boletina Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Fennoscandia
Authors: Polevoi Alexei , Hedmark Kjell
Published: August 2019

Nine new species of the fungus-gnat genus Boletina Winnertz (B. falcata sp. n., B. hedstroemi sp. n., B. struthioides sp. n., B. kivachiana sp. n., B. fennoscandica sp. n., B. lapponica sp. n., B. subtriangularis sp. n., B. atridentata sp. n. and B. cordata sp. n.) are described from Russian Karelia, Finland and Sweden. The descriptions are based on recently collected specimens as well as on the old material deposited in the collection of the Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland. Most of the collecting localities are situated in oldgrowth reservations or habitats suggested to protection. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of genitalia are given. Ecological data and information on closely related species are provided.
Insects reared from logging residue on clear-cuts
Authors: Nittérus Karolina , Gunnarsson Bengt , Axelsson Emma
Published: August 2019

Coniferous and deciduous logging residue (“slash”) was collected from six 1- year old and six 4-year old clear-cuts in South-West Sweden during the spring of 2002. In the laboratory, insects were emerged under standardised conditions. Insects emerged in 41% of the rearing-tubes with 1-year old slash. In 4-year old slash, 54% of the tubes contained insects. The most successfully emerged order was Coleoptera, represented by 10 families, 22 species and 425 individuals. The second most abundant order was Hymenoptera. The most abundant Coleoptera family was Curculionidae that comprised 48% of all the beetles. Four distinct species groups among Coleoptera were found, each group being separated by slash age and tree category (deciduous/coniferous). Significantly more species were found in the 4-year old deciduous slash, compared to the 1-year old. In coniferous slash, there was a tendency formore species in the 1-year old slash than in the 4-year old. The results suggest that slash is valuable as breeding substrate and/or food supply to the beetle fauna on clear-cuts.
Insect assemblage associated with the polypore Fomitopsis pinicola: a comparison across Fennoscandia
Authors: Komonen Atte , Jonsell Mats , Økland Bjørn , Sverdrup-Thygeson Anne , Thunes Karl
Published: August 2019

We compiled the data on the insect assemblage occurring within the polypore Fomitopsis pinicola from six regions in Finland, Sweden and Norway. The species composition and diversity of the primary fungivorous beetles (Cisidae and Anobidae) were similar across Fennoscandia. The beetles Cis glabratus Mellié (Cisidae) and C. quadridens Mellié were the most frequent species occurring in 70% and 23% of the fruiting bodies on average. Sulcacis fronticornis (Panzer) and Ennearthron cornutum (Gyllenhal) were relatively common in southern Sweden, while absent from the study regions in Norway and Finland. Similarly, Cis bidentatus (Olivier) and Cis dentatus Mellié were rather common inNorway, but almost absent from the Finnish samples. Species relative abundances in the six study regions exhibit more variation, which to some extent corresponds the biogeographical zones. Our results on the high similarity in species composition indicate deterministic nature of the F. pinicola-associated insect assemblage over large spatial scales. On the other hand, climatic factors probably have an impact on the relative abundance of species.
A new subgenus and species of the genus Pseudobathystomus Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rhyssalinae) from the Canary Islands
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey , Koponen Martti
Published: August 2019

Anew subgenus Atlantobathystomus subgen. n. of the genus Pseudobathystomus Belokobylskij is described and illustrated for the new species P. macaronesius sp. n. from Tenerife. A key to all known species of this genus is given.
Contribution to the taxonomy of the Palaearctic species of the genus Laelius Ashmead, mainly from Finland and Sweden (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae)
Authors: Vikberg Veli , Koponen Martti
Published: August 2019

A neotype is designated for Bethylus femoralis Förster, 1860 (now Laelius femoralis), and a lectotype for Bethylus rufipes Förster, 1860, nec Say 1824 (now Laelius foersteri Kieffer, 1914). Three new natural species are described from Southern Finland: Laelius borealis Vikberg sp. n. (also in S. Sweden), L. virilis Vikberg sp. n., and L. parcepilosus Vikberg sp. n.. The most common species in Sweden is described as Laelius fumimarginalis Vikberg sp. n. One imported indoor species, L. pedatus (Say), attacks larvae of Reesa vespulae (Milliron) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Finland. The female of Laelius seticornis (Duchaussoy, 1916) is redescribed from La Palma, the Canary islands. All nominal species of Laelius from the Palaearctic region are listed and keys are presented for females and males of those examined.
Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) of saline habitats of the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland
Authors: Durska Ewa , Kaczorowska Elżbieta , Disney R. Henry
Published: August 2019

Results ofa survey ofthe scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) of saline habitats ofthe Gulf of Gdańsk are reported. Within three study seasons (1999—2001), at ten 10 localities representing coastal brackish and maritime habitats, 39 phorid species were collected. Among these, 36 were new to these areas, and Xenotriphleba dentistylata Buck was the first record for Poland. The dominance structure, phenology and abundance ofphorids of saline habitats are described.
Hornet predation on peacock butterflies and ecological aspects on the evolution of complex eyespots on butterfly wings
Authors: Wiklund Christer
Published: August 2019

Sixteen peacocks Inachis io (L.) and one red admiral Vanessa atalanta (L.) were killed by hornets Vespa crabro during a four day observation period in August 2002 on butterflies feeding on fermenting plums. Four successful attacks on peacocks were directly observed, and were invariably preceded by the butterfly opening its wings when attacked. When feeding, peacocks usually kept their wings closed and only flicked their wings open to prevent another approaching insect fromalighting on the plum. Wing-flicking behaviour by peacocks is effective when thwarting attacks from birds, but was fatal when practised against hornets. A hypothesis for the evolution of intimidating eyespots on butterfly wings is advanced, suggesting that it is preceded by, and associated with, wing-flicking behaviour which in turn is associated with fruit- or sap-feeding.
Study on the genus Rhopobota Lederer from China (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae)
Authors: Zhang Aihuan , Li Houhun , Wang Shuxia
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with seventeen species of the genus Rhopobota from China. Five species (R. furcata sp. n., R. orbiculata sp. n., R. fanjingensis sp. n., R. floccosa sp. n. and R. bucera sp. n.) are described as new to science and four species [R. blanditana (Kuznetsov), R. falcata Nasu, R. okui Nasu and R. symbolias (Meyrick)] are new for China. The male of Rhopobota eclipticodes (Meyrick) is described for the first time. Photographs of the adults and genitalia of the species mentioned are provided. A key to the known Chinese species is given based on adults and male genitalia.
Description of a new Psychodidae (Diptera) species from Estonia
Authors: Salmela Jukka , Piirainen Tero
Published: August 2019

Lepimormia hemiboreale sp. n. (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Estonia, Saaremaa Island, is described. The description of the species is based on Malaise trap material collected from an eutrophic spring fen in Viidumae Nature Reserve. Lepimormia hemiboreale sp. n. is quite similar to L. georgica (Wagner, 1981), L. sibirica Jeiek, 1994 and L. vardarica (Krek, 1982) but the shape of aedeagus, subgenital and anal valves readily distinguish L. hemiboreale sp. n. from these. In addition to the new species, 13 moth fly species are reported for the first time from Estonia.
Index to genera and species, Volume 16 (2005)
Authors: Ruohomäki Kai
Published: August 2019

Entomologica Fennica. 16 December 2005
The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of Estonia
Authors: Escher Stefan , Ekenstedt Johan , Elberg Kaupo , Saura Anssi
Published: August 2019

Until recently, no published records on drosophilids from the Baltic countries existed, except for an unpublished species list for Estonia. We made two collecting trips through the three Baltic countries in the summer of 2000. The first trip was made in early summer to get spring species and the second in late August to get the fungivorous species. We used baiting methods for collecting Drosophila, while the earlier results were obtained e.g. using net sweeping. In general, the drosophilid fauna of Estonia resembles the well-known fauna of the Nordic countries. The single most interesting result was that Chymomyza amoena, a recent American invader of central Europe, was found. Another interesting finding was the relative rarity of D. subobscura and the virtual absence of D. virilis group species.
On the genus Epidiplosis Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in East Asia, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: Li Jun , Bu Wenjun
Published: August 2019

Eight species of the genus Epidiplosis Felt are reported, seven from China and one from Russian Far East. Two species from China, E. indica Grover & Chandra and E. reflexa Mamaev, and one from the Russian Far East, E. filifera (Nijveldt), are newly recorded. Four species are described as new to science: E. bicornuta sp. nov., E. campanulata sp. nov., E. lari sp. nov. and E. tuberoforcipata sp. nov. The genus is redescribed. A key to the species is given and all the species are illustrated.
The emergence of Halocladius variabilis (Staeger) (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the surroundings of the Tvärminne Biological Station in the northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Hirvenoja Mauri , Palmén Ernst , Hirvenoja Elina
Published: August 2019

The emergence of the marine species Halocladius variabilis (Staeger) in the surroundings of theTvärminne Biological Station (about 6‰S) in the northernBaltic Sea in 1952–1953 is outlined. Most individuals emerged in the submerged funnel traps used in the study from the last half of May to the end of June. The population density in the sites studied varied between 0 and 328 indiv./m2; wide areas had a population density of nearly 10 indiv./m2. No emergence was found in the traps nearest to the buildings of the station, but the highest numbers of the emergence occurred in the most distant sites studied.
Descriptions of four new species of Chrysotimus Loew from Tibet (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Wang Mengqing , Yang Ding
Published: August 2019

The occurrence of the genus Chrysotimus Loew, 1857 in Tibet is confirmed for the first time. The following four species are described as new to science: Chrysotimus bifurcatus sp. n., C. grandis sp. n., C. lii sp. n. and C. linzhiensis sp. n. A key is given to distinguish the Chinese species of the genus.
Impact of a road on the movements of two ground beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Noordijk Jinze , Prins Debbie , De Jonge Marianne , Vermeulen Rikjan
Published: August 2019

We studied the effects of a road on the walking directions of the carabid species Poecilus versicolor and Agonum sexpunctatum. Using mark and recapture experiments and window trapswe determined the number of road crossings and the deviation in walking directions caused by the road. We found two effects of the road on the walking behaviour: (1) the road is a barrier to both species, but whereas P. versicolor was reluctant to cross the road and had a significant movement away from the road, we recorded no road crossings by A. sexpunctatum; and (2) A. sexpunctatum showed a marked tendency to walk along the roadside verge, particularly in the ditch. Of these two species, only one individual of A. sexpunctatum was caught flying close to the road, indicating that itmight cross the road by flying. Counts of dead carabid specimens on two 100 m long transects along the road carried out for nine weeks recorded several individuals of P. versicolor. We conclude with suggestions on how to implement the results of this study in nature conservation practices.
Responses of two Sericoda Kirby, 1837 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) species to forest harvesting, wildfire, and burn severity
Authors: Koivula Matti , Cobb Tyler , Déchêne Andrea , Jacobs Joshua , Spence John
Published: August 2019

Forest fires are among the most important natural disturbances in the boreal region, but fire-initiated succession is increasingly often interrupted by salvage logging, i.e., post-fire removal of burned trees. Unfortunately, very little is known about the ecological effects of this practice. To address this knowledge gap and to examine other factors affecting the abundance of two fire-associated carabid species (Sericoda quadripuntata and S. bembidioides) we conducted three field studies based on pitfall trapping in recent burns in Alberta, Canada. The results suggest that the abundance of both species drastically decreased from the first to the third post-fire year and that fire severity was positively associated with abundance of both species. The combined effects of wildfire and forest harvesting were associated with higher catches of S. quadripunctata, but lower catches of S. bembidioides. We discuss these findings in the contexts of salvage logging and species ecology.
Effects of varying sampling effort on the observed diversity of carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in the Danglobe Project, Denmark
Authors: Sapia Maria , Lövei Gábor , Elek Zoltán
Published: August 2019

Diversity relations among three stages of an urbanisation gradient were studied, using the Rényi scalable diversity index family and the Right Tail Sum (RTS) diversity. The rural areas were less diverse than either the urban or the suburban ones. The urban areas were more diverse considering the dominant species, while the suburban areas were more diverse considering the rare species. Next, we examined the impact of different sampling regimes on these diversity relations. A pulsating sampling method (sampling for 2 weeks every month) gave the same diversity ordering as continuous sampling. Further reduction in sampling period altered the diversity relations.
Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) inhabiting nests of the white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla (L.) in Poland
Authors: Gwiazdowicz Dariusz , Bloszyk Jerzy , Bajerlein Daria , Halliday Robert , Mizera Tadeusz
Published: August 2019

During 1997—2002, 105 samples of mites were collected from 34 nests of the white-tailed sea eagle in Poland. The material included 9,724 specimens of Mesostigmata belonging to 86 species. The mite communities were dominated by species of the families Parasitidae, Macrochelidae and Ascidae. The most abundant species were Alliplzis halleri, Androlaelaps casalis, Parasitus fimetorum and Macrocheles merdarius that altogether made up 48% of all the specimens collected. Alliplzis halleri and Androlaelaps casalis were also the two most frequently found mites. A summary is presented on the biology and distribution of the abundant species.
Two new species of the genus Stenus Latreille from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)
Authors: Zhao Cai-Yun , Zhou Hong-Zhang
Published: August 2019

Two new species of the genus Stenus Latreille (subgenus Stenus s. str.) are described: Stenus (s. str.) affinisecretus, sp. n., from Beijing, and S. (s. str.) guandiensis, sp. n., from Shanxi, China. These two new species were collected in the mountain areas. Important morphological characters, like those of hind wings, 8th and 9th abdominal sternites of male, and the aedeagus are illustrated for the new species. All the types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
Oviposition niches and behavior of the genus Lixus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Lixinae)
Authors: Gültekin Levent
Published: August 2019

Oviposition places in the host plants of23 Lixus Fabricius species in eastern Turkey were identified. Lixus nordmanni Hochhuth, L. subtilis Boheman, L. incanescens Boheman, L. brevipes Brisout, L. sp. n. pr. brevipes Brisout, L. ochraceus Boheman, L. furcatus Olivier, L. rubicundus Zoubkoff, L. angustatus (Fabricius), L. punctiventris Boheman, L. fasciculatus Boheman, L. bardanae (Fabricius), L. sp. n. pr. korbi Petri, and L. scolopax Boheman deposited eggs in the main stem. Lixus filiformis (Fabricius), L. cardui Olivier, and L. korbi Petri oviposited in the main stem and lateral branch of their host plants. L. circumcinctus Boheman laid eggs on both stem and petiole, whereas L. siculus Boheman, L. farinifer Reitter, L. cylindrus (Fabricius), and L. sp. n. pr. furcatus Olivier used the petioles, a new ecological niche for the genus Lixus. The unique species L. obesus Petri selected the seed capsule for laying eggs and completing its generation.
Description of the first instar larva of Euzonitis rubida with remarks on the systematics of the subfamily Nemognathinae (Coleoptera: Meloidae)
Authors: Di Giulio Andrea , Bologna Marco
Published: August 2019

The first instar larva (triungulin) of Euzonitis rubida (Ménétriés, 1832) is described and illustrated. This is the first description of a triungulin of the nemognathine genus Euzonitis Semenow, 1893. This larva is very similar to that of the genus Zonitis Fabricius, 1775, the distinction of these two genera remaining difficult by using both larval and adult features. The examination at the scanning electron microscope of several characters of these and other genera of the subfamily Nemognathinae, confirms themain distinction of tribes, but better outlines the condition of some features previously incorrectly defined. Additional species of some genera were also examined and partially figured.
Biology and larval morphology of the genus Ceramida Baraud (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Pachydeminae)
Authors: Sanmartín Isabel
Published: August 2019

The biology and larval morphology of Ceramida, a pest of olive trees in southern Spain, are described. The life-cycle is multivoltine, spanning three years in the field. Females lay eggs in the early spring, with the highest larval densities in June. Larvae feed on the root system of plants. Pupation takes place in the late summer. Adults emerge with the first autumnal rainfalls, with mating extending from September to January. Larval characters such as type of head pubescence, shape of antennal sensory areas, chaetotaxy of raster, and degree of reduction of metathoracic claws are of taxonomic value within Pachydeminae.
Reviews: The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, The Genus Syritta - A World Revision of the Genus Syritta
Authors: Vilkamaa Pekka , Haarto Antti
Published: August 2019

Chvála, M. 2005: The Empidoidea (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. IV. Genus Hilara. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, Vol. 40. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden-Boston. ISBN 9004147993, 233 pp. Price 99 EUR.

 

Lyneborg, Leif&Barkemeyer,Werner 2005: The Genus Syritta, A World Revision of the Genus Syritta Le Peletier & Serville, 1828 (Diptera: Syrhidae). Entomonograph Volume 15, A series facing global biodiversity in insects. Apollo books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup, Denmark. ISBN 87-88757-53-6, Hardback, 224 pp. Price 420.00 DKK.
A test on the effectiveness and selectivity of three sampling methods frequently used in orthopterological field studies
Authors: Nagy Antal , Sólymos Péter , Rácz István
Published: August 2019

To obtain unbiased data in entomological samplings the selectivity and effectiveness of methods should be known. Sweepnetting, direct search and dish trap, which are frequently used in orthopterology, were tested to get data on selectivity and effectiveness. Based on the number of collected individuals, sweepnetting was the most labour efficient, while the highest number of species was collected by direct search. Dish traps were most selective to ground-dwelling species. Sweepnetting and direct search were sensitive to grass-dwelling species. Our results underlines that none of the methods is universal, and a combination of sweepnetting and direct search provides the greatest benefits.
Morphological and molecular taxonomy of Dendrolimus sibiricus Chetverikov stat.rev. and allied lappet moths (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), with description of a new species
Authors: Mikkola Kauri , Ståhls Gunilla
Published: August 2019

The populations of the well-known forest pest, Dendrolimus sibiricus Chetverikov, 1908 stat.rev., were sampled in the European foothills of the Ural Mountains, Russia. D. sibiricus is a species distinct from the Japanese taxon D. superans (Butler, 1877). Another taxon from the Southern Urals, taxonomically close to D. pini (Linnaeus), is described here as D. kilmez sp.n. The synthetic female pheromones prepared for D. pini and D. sibiricus attracted equally well all three taxa present, and thus cannot be used to identify these species. The Ural populations of D. sibiricus show differences in external appearance, and as already in the 1840s Eversmann indicated that the species had caused local forest damage, D. sibiricus must be a long-established species in the Ural area. Thus, natural spreading westward of the pest is not to be expected. The five Dendrolimus species of the northern Palaearctic and the male genitalia are illustrated, and the distinguishing characters are listed. Two Matsumura lectotypes are designated.
Lepidoptera of tundra habitats of the northern Kola Peninsula, Northwestern Russia
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail , Kullberg Jaakko
Published: August 2019

Sampling of 10 sites in 1994–2006 along roads connecting Murmansk with Teriberka and Dalniye Zelentsy yielded 140 species of moths and butterflies. Epinotia immundana and Ortholepis vacciniella are recorded for the first time from the Kola Peninsula, which increased the regional fauna to 690 species. Although some arcto-alpine species have been collected (in particular Sparganothis praecana, Catastia kistrandella, Euphydryas iduna, Glacies coracina), the fauna was clearly dominated by species typical for the forested habitats of the central part of the Kola Peninsula. This result suggests that the ‘routine’ sampling in north-eastern tundra between Murmansk and Ponoj might not be as important in terms of biogeography as it has been expected. Instead, new collecting trips should be oriented to areas with special vegetation, primarily limestone or sandy areas which are more likely to support more eastern and/or arctic species.
Feeding habits of Perlodidae (Plecoptera) in the hyporheic habitats of Alpine streams (Trentino-NE Italy)
Authors: Silveri Luana , Tierno de Figueroa José , Maiolini Bruno
Published: August 2019

Toltal of 75 nymphs of Dictyogenus fontium, Perlodes intricatus and Isoperla (cf) rivulorum and 22 juvenile Perlodinae were collected in hyporheic habitats of the Noce Bianco watershed (Trentino, NE Italy). The identification of their life stages allowed considerations regarding their presence in the hyporheos, mainly used as a refuge habitat, particularly during vulnerable phases of their life cycle (neanid stage and pre-imaginal phase). This function is possible, given the more stable environmental conditions and the minor predatory pressures in this habitat. The gut content analyses of the three species assigned them to the engulfers-carnivorous functional feeding group, with slight resource partitions between the two largest species. P. intricatus appears to feed on less mobile and fleshy preys while D. fontium prefers more sclerotized and active preys. The results indicate that the hyporheos acts not only as a refuge area but also as a trophic habitat for some Perlodidae species.
Two new species of the genus Phronia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Finland and Russian Karelia
Authors: Jakovlev Jevgeni , Polevoi Alexei
Published: August 2019

Phronia avidoides sp.n. and Phronia fennica sp.n. are described based on several adult males collected by Malaise trapping, sweep-netting and rearing from decaying wood in Finland and Russian Karelia in the period 1989–2005. Detailed illustrations of male terminalia are also presented for three further closely related but poorly known species, Phronia avida Gagne, 1975, Phronia petulans Dziedzicki, 1889 and Phronia subsilvatica Hackman, 1970.
Factors restricting the abundance of wasp colonies of the European hornet Vespa crabro and the Saxon wasp Dolichovespula saxonica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in an urban area in Poland
Authors: Nadolski Jerzy
Published: August 2019

Various factors affecting the reproductive success of Vespacrabro and Dolichovespula saxonica (Vespinae), including their parasitoids, parasites, pathogens and other micro organisms accompanying their nests in the city of Lódz in Poland were investigated. Sphecophaga vesparum, Aphomia sociella and especially Quedius brevicornis, whose larvae cause destruction of wasp nests, were recorded. Totally 19 species or groups of bacteria, including pathogens like Pseudomon aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, and 5 species of fungi were identified. Cities create very good conditions for wasp societies. Unfortunately, their presence can cause specific but important risks to humans, which lead to massive destruction of wasp nests. However, this does not cause considerable decrease in the number of colonies of common wasp species but less abundant species may be endangered in cities by this practice. It is thus recommended to limit the number of all wasp nests destroyed and to discriminate between the species.
Screening, Identification, and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of an Antagonistic Endophyte to Wheat Head Blight
Authors: Zhang Peigen , Zhu Yongxing , Ma Dongfang , Xu Wenjie , Zhou Jingjing , Yan Hanwen , Yang Lei , Yin Junliang
Published: August 2019

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB, scab) is a destructive fungal disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses in wheat and other small cereals. Biological control of FHB is considered to be an alternative disease management strategy that is environmentally benign, durable, and compatible with other control measures. In this study, to screen antagonistic bacteria with the potential to manage FHB, 113 endophytes were isolated from the stems, leaves, panicles, and roots of wheat. Among them, six strains appeared to effectively inhibit Fusarium graminearum growth and one isolate, XS-2, showed a highly antagonistic effect against FHB. An in vitro antagonistic test of XS-2 on wheat heads confirmed that XS-2 could suppress the disease severity of FHB. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that XS-2 is a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Antagonistic spectrum analyses showed that XS-2 had antagonistic effects against two and four types of cotton and fruit tree pathogens, respectively. The fermentation condition assays showed that glucose and peptone are the most suitable nutrient sources for XS-2, and that the optimal pH value and temperature for fermentation were 7.4 and 28 °C, respectively. Our study indicates that XS-2 has a good antagonistic effect on FHB and lays a theoretical foundation for the application of the strain as a biological agent in the field to control FHB.
Comparison of Outcome Data for Shelter Dogs and Cats in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vojtkovská Veronika , Voslářová Eva , Večerek Vladimír
Published: August 2019

Animal protection, which also comprises the subject of abandoned and stray animals, has become a pressing and widely discussed topic. The aim of this study was to compare dogs and cats from two shelters in a selected region of the Czech Republic, based on factors that affect the length of stay. The following factors were analyzed: outcome, sex, age, and purebred status. A total of 419 cats and 2580 dogs housed in the monitored shelters from 2013 to 2016 were included in the analysis. The results show that dogs (n = 1343; 52.1%) are returned to their owners significantly more often (p < 0.001) than cats (n = 10; 2.4%). Dogs stayed in the shelter significantly (p < 0.001) less time than cats regardless of the outcome (the median length of stay of dogs were 3 days, while that of cats was 51 days). Also the length of stay in the shelter until adoption is shorter in dogs than in cats (dogs: median 27 days; cats: median 53 days). Median length of stay tended to increase with the increasing age in both species. Monitored age categories of dogs and cats differed significantly (p < 0.05) in their median length of stay (LOS) until adoption. We found that purebred status does not affect the length of stay in the shelter until adoption, either in dogs or in cats. Overall, our results suggest that dogs are preferred over cats in the Czech Republic. Shelter operators should take into account this aspect affecting animal adoption. By targeted efforts and education of public, it is possible to mitigate the negative effects of favoring a certain category of animals over others.