bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating indirect genetic effects of siblings using singletons
Authors: Howe Laurence , Evans David , Hemani Gibran , Smith George Davey , Davies Neil Martin
Published: March 2021

Estimating effects of parental and sibling genotypes (indirect genetic effects) can provide insight into how the family environment influences phenotypic variation. There is growing molecular genetic evidence for effects of parental phenotypes on their offspring (e.g. parental educational attainment), but the extent to which siblings affect each other is currently unclear.Here we used data from samples of unrelated individuals, without (singletons) and with biological full-siblings (non-singletons), to investigate and estimate sibling effects. Indirect genetic effects of siblings increase (or decrease) the covariance between genetic variation and a phenotype. It follows that differences in genetic association estimates between singletons and non-singletons could indicate indirect genetic effects of siblings.We used UK Biobank data to estimate polygenic risk score (PRS) associations for height, BMI and educational attainment in singletons (N = 50,143) and non-singletons (N = 328,549). The educational attainment PRS association estimate was 12% larger (95% C.I. 3%, 21%) in the non-singleton sample than in the singleton sample, but the height and BMI PRS associations were consistent. Birth order data suggested that the difference in educational attainment PRS associations was driven by individuals with older siblings rather than firstborns. The relationship between number of siblings and educational attainment PRS associations was non-linear; PRS associations were 24% smaller in individuals with 6 or more siblings compared to the rest of the sample (95% C.I. 11%, 38%). We estimate that a 1 SD increase in sibling educational attainment PRS corresponds to a 0.025 year increase in the index individual’s years in schooling (95% C.I. 0.013, 0.036).Our results suggest that older siblings influence the educational attainment of younger siblings, adding to the growing evidence that effects of the environment on phenotypic variation partially reflect social effects of germline genetic variation in relatives.
UNBELIEVABLE O(L^1.5) WORST CASE COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY ACHIEVED BY spdspds ALGORITHM FOR LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM
Authors: HALEMANE KESHAVA PRASAD
Published: March 2021

The Symmetric Primal-Dual Symplex Pivot Decision Strategy (spdspds) is a novel iterative algorithm to solve linear programming problems. Here, a symplex pivoting operation is considered simply as an exchange between a basic (dependent) variable and a non-basic (independent) variable, in the Tucker's Compact Symmetric Tableau (CST) which is a unique symmetric representation common to both the primal as well as the dual of a linear programming problem in its standard canonical form. From this viewpoint, the classical simplex pivoting operation of Dantzig may be considered as a restricted special case. The infeasibility index associated with a symplex tableau is defined as the sum of the number of primal variables and the number of dual variables, which are infeasible. A measure of goodness as a global effectiveness measure of a pivot selection is defined/determined as/by the decrease in the infeasibility index associated with such a pivot selection. At each iteration the selection of the symplex pivot element is governed by the anticipated decrease in the infeasibility index - seeking the best possible decrease in the infeasibility index - from among a wide range of candidate choices with non-zero values - limited only by considerations of potential numerical instability. The algorithm terminates when further reduction in the infeasibility index is not possible; then the tableau is checked for the terminal tableau type to facilitate the problem classification - a termination with an infeasibility index of zero indicates optimum solution. The worst case computational complexity of spdspds is shown to be O(L^1.5).
PELAKSANAAN DISIPLIN PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL MENURUT PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 53 TAHUN 2010 TENTANG DISIPLIN PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL (STUDI DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas , Fikri KMS Novyar Satriawan
Published: March 2021

Tujuan pembangunan nasional sebagaimana telah termaktub didalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 ialah melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan memajukan kesejahteraan umum, mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan ikut melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Tujuan pembangunan tersebut dapat di capai dengan melalui pembangunan nasional yang direncanakan dengan terarah dan realitas serta dilaksanakan secara bertahap, bersungguh-sungguh. Tujuan pembangunan nasional adalah untuk mewujudkan suatu masyarakat yang adil dan makmur, merata dan berkesinambungan yang berdasarkan pada Pancasila di dalam wadah negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
The relationship between dreams and subsequent morning mood using self-reports and text analysis
Authors: Mallett Remington , Picard-Deland Claudia , Pigeon Wilfred , Wary Madeline , Grewal Alam , Blagrove Mark , Carr Michelle
Published: March 2021

While material from waking life is often represented in dreams, it is less clear whether and how dreams impact waking life in return. Here, we assessed whether dream mood and content from home diaries predict subsequent waking mood using both subjective self-report and an objective automated word detection approach. Subjective ratings of dream and morning mood were highly correlated within participants for both negative and positive valence, suggesting that dream mood persists into waking. Text analyses revealed similar relationships between affect words in dreams and morning mood. Moreover, dreams referencing death or the body were related to worse morning mood, as was first-person singular pronoun usage (e.g., “I”). Dreams referencing leisure or ingestion, or including first-person plural pronouns (e.g., “we”), were related to better morning mood. Together, these results suggest that subjective experiences during sleep, while often overlooked, may be an important contributor to the emotion processing functions of sleep.
Analysis Of Global Economic Problems And The Application Of Good Corporate Governance (GCG)
Authors: Elvira Veronica
Published: March 2021

Based on the research that has been done, it can be proven that the implementation of GCG is one of the ways that can help the company in increasing value and effectiveness as well as helping to supervise and control problems that occur internally and externally. If the company is able to control and supervise the activities that are running, of course the profits will be and run well. Therefore, it is very important to ensure that the company has control over employees and the activities that occur.Employees are one of the important aspects in the company, without employees, the company will find it difficult to develop their products. Not only that, the vision and mission will also be difficult to achieve if you don't use the right team. The instructional process carried out by superiors to subordinates must also run smoothly because if not, there will be misunderstandings and make work not as it should be.
Differential Diagnosis for Physiotherapists
Authors: Gordon Anna
Published: March 2021

Following the criteria for competency developed by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)related to performing a screening test, this research offers a clear way to check for systemic diseases andmedical disorders that can mimic neuromuscular and musculoskeletal problems. A seven-step screeningmodel that includes a history of medical history, risk factor assessment, clinical presentation, related signsand symptoms, and symptoms for individual clients is a systematic text. Past medical history, risk factorevaluation, clinical appearance, related signs and symptoms and symptom review are included in thescreening model for difference. Systems-based physiotherapy screening approach is a consistentscreening approach that can mimic neuromuscular and Musculo-Skeletal issues for systems and medicalconditions. In a logical way, three pieces of content contain information covered: An introduction to themethod of screening Neuromusculoskeletal pain and dysfunction Viscerogenic causes System root of painand malfunction in the neuromusculoskeleton Cognitive approach to processing and reasoning facilitatesthe collection and analysis of evidence, the posing and resolution of questions, the inference, thehypothesis and clinical assessments. Case examples and case studies provide real examples of hotinformation in the diagnostic process to incorporate the screening information.Full description of cited works can be found upon request to the author’s email
Menyoal SKB Atribut Sekolah
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: March 2021

SKB ini berisi tujuh point penggunaan pakaian seragam dan atribut sekolah. Intinya memberikan kebebasan kepada sekolah untuk menggunakan pakaian seragam dan atribut (a) tanpa kekhasan agama tertentu dan (b) dengan kekhasan agama tertentu. Pemerintah daerah dan sekolah tidak boleh mewajibkan, memerintahkan, mensyaratkan, mengimbau, atau melarang penggunaan pakaian seragam dan atribut dengan kekhasan agama tertentu. Dasar filosofi yang digunakan adalah soal toleransi.Anehnya regulasi ini dikecualikan untuk peserta didik, pendidik, dan tenaga kependidikan yang beragama Islam di Provinsi Aceh sesuai kekhususan Aceh. Ada implikasi SKB ini hanya menjadikan sekolah berperan transfer of knowledge and skill, dengan menghilangkah fungsi transfer of values. Padahal, Perpres 87 Tahun 2017 jelas sekali tentang pentingnya penguatan pendidikan karakter. Ada kesan, regulasi ini membatasi umat Islam untuk melaksanakan ajaran agamanya.
ZNF331 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that zinc finger protein 331, ZNF331, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. ZNF331 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ZNF331 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node negative patients but not in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of ZNF331 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Lithologic Controls on Silicate Weathering Regimes of Temperate Planets
Authors: Hakim Kaustubh , Bower Dan , Tian Meng , Deitrick Russell , Auclair-Desrotour Pierre , Kitzmann Daniel , Dorn Caroline , Mezger Klaus , Heng Kevin
Published: March 2021

Weathering of silicate rocks at a planetary surface can draw down CO2 from the atmosphere for eventual burial and long-term storage in the planetary interior. This process is thought to provide essential negative feedback to the carbonate-silicate cycle (carbon cycle) to maintain clement climates on Earth and potentially similar temperate exoplanets. We implement thermodynamics to determine weathering rates as a function of surface lithology (rock type). These rates provide upper limits that allow the maximum rate of weathering in regulating climate to be estimated. This modeling shows that the weathering of mineral assemblages in a given rock, rather than individual minerals, is crucial to determine weathering rates at planetary surfaces. By implementing a fluid-transport-controlled approach, we further mimic chemical kinetics and thermodynamics to determine weathering rates for three types of rocks inspired by the lithologies of Earthʼs continental and oceanic crust, and its upper mantle. We find that thermodynamic weathering rates of a continental crust-like lithology are about one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of a lithology characteristic of the oceanic crust. We show that when the CO2 partial pressure decreases or surface temperature increases, thermodynamics rather than kinetics exerts a strong control on weathering. The kinetically and thermodynamically limited regimes of weathering depend on lithology, whereas the supply-limited weathering is independent of lithology. Our results imply that the temperature sensitivity of thermodynamically limited silicate weathering may instigate a positive feedback to the carbon cycle, in which the weathering rate decreases as the surface temperature increases.
Pre-salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil
Authors: Amarante Francyne , Jackson Christopher , Pichel Leonardo , Scherer Claiton , Kuchle Juliano
Published: March 2021

Classic models of gravity-driven salt tectonics commonly depict kinematically-linked zones of overburden deformation, characterised by updip extension and downdip contraction, separated by a weakly deformed zone associated with downdip translation above a relatively smooth base-salt surface. We use 2D and 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the south-central Campos Basin to show that these models fail to adequately capture the complex range of structural styles forming during salt-detached gravity-driven deformation above a rugose base-salt surface. In the Campos Basin the base-salt is defined by broadly NE-trending, margin-parallel, generally seaward-dipping ramps that have up to 2 km of structural relief. We define three domains of overburden deformation: an updip extensional domain, an intermediate multiphase domain, and a downdip contractional domain. The multiphase domain is defined by large, partly fault-bounded, ramp-syncline basins, the stratigraphic record of which suggest c. 28 km of seaward gravity-driven translation of salt and its overburden since the end of the Albian. We also identify three main types of salt structures in the multiphase domain: (i) contractional anticlines that were subjected to later extension and normal faulting; (ii) passive-to-active diapirs that were later extended and widened, and which are bound on their landward margins by landward-dipping, salt-detached normal faults; and (iii) reactive (extensional) diapirs that were subsequently squeezed. We argue that this multiphase deformation occurs because of basinward translation of salt and its overburden over complex base-salt relief, consistent with the predictions of physical models and several other seismic reflection data-based studies. Critically, these complex local strains overprint margin-scale patterns of deformation.
Reconstructed evolutionary patterns for crocodile-line archosaurs demonstrate impact of failure to log-transform body size data
Authors: Benson Roger , Godoy Pedro L , Bronzati Mario , Butler Richard , Gearty William
Published: March 2021

Pseudosuchia includes crocodylians, plus all extinct species more closely related to them than to birds. They appeared around 250 million years ago and have a rich fossil history, showing extinct diversity that exceeds that of their living members1-4. Recently, Stockdale & Benton5 presented analyses of a new dataset of body size estimates spanning the entire evolutionary history of this group. They quantified patterns of average body size, body size disparity through time, and rates of evolution along phylogenetic lineages. Their results suggest that pseudosuchians exhibited considerable variation in rates of body size evolution, for which they provided various group-specific explanations and asserted the importance of climatic drivers. This differs from two recent studies that analysed a substantial portion of pseudosuchian body size evolution and proposed that adaptation to aquatic life, a biological innovation of some subgroups, was the main driver of body size evolution, with patterns of disparity also being influenced by size-dependent extinction risk6,7. Here we show that the analytical results of Stockdale & Benton5 are strongly influenced by a methodological error in their body size index. Specifically, that they chose not to log-transform measurement data prior to analyses.
The Neural Underpinnings of Intergroup Social Cognition: An fMRI Meta-Analysis
Authors: Merritt Carrington , MacCormack Jennifer , Stein Andrea G. , Lindquist Kristen A , Muscatell Keely
Published: March 2021

Roughly twenty years of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated the neural correlates underlying engagement in social cognition (e.g., empathy, emotion perception) about targets spanning various social categories (e.g., race, gender). Yet findings from individual studies remain mixed. In the present quantitative functional neuroimaging meta-analysis, we summarized across 50 fMRI studies of social cognition to identify consistent differences in neural activation as a function of whether the target of social cognition was an ingroup or outgroup member. We investigated if such differences varied according to social category (i.e., race) and social cognitive process (i.e., empathy, emotion perception). We found that social cognition about ingroup members was more reliably related to activity in brain regions associated with mentalizing (e.g., dmPFC), whereas social cognition about outgroup members was more reliably related to activity in regions associated with exogenous attention and salience (e.g., anterior insula). These findings replicated for studies specifically focused on the social category of race, and we further found intergroup differences in neural activation during empathy and emotion perception tasks. These results help shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying social cognition across group lines.
Are There Cross-Cultural Legal Principles? Modal Reasoning Uncovers Procedural Constraints on Law
Authors: Hannikainen Ivar Rodríguez , Tobia Kevin , de Almeida Guilherme da Franca Couto Fernandes , Donelson Raff , Dranseika Vilius , Kneer Markus , Strohmaier Niek , Bystranowski Piotr , Dolinina Kristina , Janik Bartosz , Keo Sothie , Lauraitytė Eglė , Liefgreen Alice , Próchnicki Maciej , Rosas Alejandro , Struchiner Noel
Published: March 2021

Despite pervasive variation in the content of laws, legal theorists and anthropologists have often argued that laws share certain abstract features and even speculated that law may be a human universal. In the present report, we contribute cross-cultural data to this debate: Are there cross-cultural principles of law? Participants in eleven different countries (N = 3054) were asked whether there could be laws that violate certain procedural principles (e.g., laws applied retrospectively or unintelligible laws), and also whether there are any such laws—in a between-subjects design. Confirming our pre-registered prediction, people reported that such laws cannot exist, but also (paradoxically) that there are such laws. These results document cross-culturally and –linguistically robust beliefs about the nature of law which defy people’s conception of how legal systems function in practice.
Developmental Disabilities Across the World: A Scientometric Review from 1936 to 2020
Authors: Carollo Alessandro , Bonassi Andrea , Lim Mengyu , Gabrieli Giulio , Peipei Setoh , Dimitriou Dagmara , Aryadoust Vahid , Esposito Gianluca
Published: March 2021

Background: Developmental disabilities have been largely studied in the past years. Their etiological mechanisms have been underpinned to the interactions between genetic and environmental factors. These factors show variability across the world. Thus, it is important to understand where the set of knowledge obtained on developmental disabilities originates from and whether it is generalizable to low- and middle-income countries. Aims: This study aims to understand the origins of the available literature on developmental disabilities, keeping a focus on parenting, and identify the main trend of research. Methods and Procedure: A sample of 11,315 publications from 1936 to 2020 were collected from Scopus and a graphical country analysis was conducted. Furthermore, a qualitative approach enabled the clustering of references by keywords into four main areas: "Expression of the disorder", "Physiological factors", "How it is studied" and "Environmental factors". For each area, a Document Co-citation Analysis (DCA) on CiteSpace software was performed. Outcomes and Results: Results highlight the leading role of North America in the study of developmental disabilities. Trends in the literature and the documents' scientific relevance are discussed in details. Conclusions and Implications: Results demand for investigation in different socio-economical settings to generalize our knowledge.
Genetic and environmental factors predict multivariate trajectories of maternal distress after birth
Authors: Unternaehrer Eva , Greenlaw Keelin , Ciampi Antonio , Chen Lawrence Ming , Bouvette-Turcot Andrée-Anne , Dass Shantala Hari , Pokhvisneva Irina , Silveira Patricia P , Cost Katherine T , Gaudreau Helene , Garg Elika , Zhu Yuecai , Nguyen Thao TT , Forest Marie , Yao Nelson , MacIsaac Julie L , McEwen7 Lisa M , Kobor Michael S , Fleming Alison S , Steiner Meir S , Lydon John E , Levitan Robert , Meaney Michael J , O’Donnell Kieran , Greenwood Celia MT
Published: March 2021

Background: Maternal distress influences her own wellbeing and shapes her offspring’s psychosocial adjustment and neurodevelopment across childhood. The aim of this study was to analyze multivariate trajectories of maternal postpartum distress using a latent class modeling approach and to find genetic and psychosocial factors that predict membership within a given group (latent class).Methods: Maternal self-reports of depressive symptoms, parenting stress, general stress, and marital stress were measured at regular intervals during the first six years postpartum in 261 mothers participating in the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment Study. Genetic risk was determined by calculating a polygenic risk score for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD-PRS). Additionally, we assessed maternal history of early life adversity (mELA), educational level, and prenatal symptoms of depression as psychosocial risk factors. Using Latent Gold® Software, we identified latent classes of mothers based on their 1) average levels of distress and 2) change in distress over time.Results: We identified four latent classes based on average levels of distress and found that class membership probability was influenced by an interaction between MDD-PRS and prenatal depressive symptoms (WaldInteraction(3)=13.19, p=0.004; WaldMDD-PRS(3)=6.02, p=0.11; WaldDepression(3)=41.96; p<0.001), mELA (Wald(3)=8.64, p=0.035), and educational level (Wald(3)=11.61, p=0.009). Furthermore, we found five classes of mothers with distinct across- time trajectories, which were associated with mELA (Wald(3)=12.67, p=0.013).Conclusions: Our findings might become relevant in the clinical setting, e.g. for identifying pregnant women at risk for distress in the postpartum based on her prenatal symptoms of depression and genetic risk, mELA, and educational level.
A Feasibility Study of a Group-Format, Ecologically Oriented Neurorehabilitation of Memory (EON-Mem) Program in Older Adults
Authors: Frodsham Kayla M. , Baldwin Scott , Larson Michael J.
Published: March 2021

Older adults often show declines in memory performance relative to younger adults. One potential path for helping older adults with memory is compensatory memory training programs. Ecologically Oriented Neurorehabilitation of Memory (EON-Mem) is a method for teaching memory strategies that may generalize for use in everyday contexts. We performed a feasibility study to determine the value of pursuing a group-based version of EON-Mem with older adults in a future randomized controlled trial. The current feasibility study took place with two separate samples: healthy young adults (n=39) and older adults (n=26). We collected data on recruitment, treatment adherence, memory improvement, drop-out rate, cost, time spent, and participant-report data on barriers to successful implementation of EON-Mem treatment. Participants first performed a baseline assessment (e.g., memory, cognition, and emotional functioning), followed by weekly treatment sessions for seven weeks. We prematurely ended older adult group treatment sessions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All participants performed a post-intervention assessment using alternate versions when available. Attendance rates were low for the young adult sample (51% completed the treatment) and as expected for the older adult sample when accounting for COVID-related changes (77% eligible for completer status prior to cancelling sessions). Twenty percent of each sample reliably improved on the RBANS delayed memory index. Costs were higher than expected. Costs were $345 and 18.6 research hours for each young adult participant, $319 and 16.9 research hours for each older adult participant. Although a randomized controlled trial of group-format EON-Mem in older adults is feasible, such a study may or may not be cost-effective depending on the resources and goals of the researcher.
Urban food markets and the COVID-19 lockdown in India
Authors: Narayanan Sudha , Saha Shree
Published: March 2021

On March 24, 2020, the Government of India announced a 21-day national lockdown that has since been extended to May 31, 2020. The lockdown left urban food markets in disarray with severe supply bottlenecks and restrictions on doing business. At a time when food prices in India were declining consistently, supply disruptions consequent to the lockdown have reversed the trend on average. Based on an analysis of publicly available data on wholesale and retail prices for 22 commodities from 114 Centers, we find that prices have increased since the lockdown, as of August 1, 2020. There is significant diversity across commodities and geographies that mask aggregate figures. Average price increases were to the tune of over 6% for several pulses, over 3.5% for most edible oils, 15% for potato 28% for tomato in the four weeks post-lockdown compared to prices during the four weeks preceding the lockdown. Price of meat and fish too have registered large increases. Price wedge between retail and wholesale prices increased as did spatial dispersion, both signifying friction in supply chains. We find that smaller cities have seen a much higher increase in prices with some seeing a rise in retail food prices by as much as 20%. Three rounds of surveys, conducted between April and July, of food retailers in 14 Indian cities reveal serious operational challenges. These include, among others, transport and labor shortages, police harassment and social discrimination. At the same time, several innovative arrangements and adaptations have evolved as well suggesting resilience. The paper reviews these aspects and outlines some lessons for food policy in emerging economies.
Planetary well-being
Authors: Kortetmäki Teea , Puurtinen Mikael , Salo Miikka , Aro Riikka , Baumeister Stefan , Duflot Rémi , Elo Merja , Halme Panu , Husu Hanna-Mari , Huttunen Suvi , Hyvönen Katriina , Karkulehto Sanna , Kataja-aho Saana , Keskinen Kirsi E. , Maksimainen Johanna , Mäkinen Tuuli , Näyhä Annukka , Okkolin Mari-Anne , Perälä Tommi , Purhonen Jenna , Raatikainen Kaisa J. , Raippalinna Liia-Maria , Salonen Kirsi , Savolainen Katri , Kotiaho Janne S.
Published: March 2021

Tensions between the well-being of present humans, future humans, and nonhuman nature manifest in social protests and political and academic debates over the future of Earth. The increasing consumption of natural resources no longer increases, let alone equalises, human well-being, but has led to the current ecological crisis. While the crisis has been acknowledged, it is often approached in human-centred terms, with framings that limit the moral worth of nonhuman nature to its contribution to human well-being. We derive and propose the concept of planetary well-being to recognise the moral considerability of both human and nonhuman well-being, and to promote transdisciplinary, cross-cultural discourse for addressing ecological and social crises and for promoting societal and cultural transformation. Conceptually, we shift focus in well-being from individuals to Earth system and ecosystem processes that underlie all well-being. Planetary well-being is a state where the integrity of Earth system and ecosystem processes remains unimpaired to a degree that species and populations can persist to the future and organisms have the opportunity to achieve well-being. After grounding and introducing planetary well-being, we shortly discuss how it can be measured and reflect upon its potential as a bridging concept between different worldviews.
Using the SDGs for global citizenship education: Definitions, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Leite Stephanie
Published: March 2021

The 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) employ a global indicator framework to detail each Goal and monitor its implementation. This article focuses on three targets from the indicator framework, which call for mainstreaming education for global citizenship, sustainable development, and climate change into national curricula. By investigating the practicalities of meeting these targets from an educator's perspective, this article proceeds with: arguing for a need to shift the central purpose of education; examining what is meant by education ‘for’ the three key areas included in the global indicator framework; exploring curricular opportunities offered by the SDGs; and presenting inquiry-based learning as a pedagogical approach for critically interrogating the SDGs with learners. If the SDGs are used to drive a pragmatic definition of global citizenship, then trends in education such as inquiry- and problem-based learning come to life with a clear and urgent purpose.
Mothering and Stress During COVID-19: Exploring the Moderating Effects of Employment
Authors: Yan Hope Xu , Sayer Liana C , Negraia Daniela Veronica , Rinderknecht R. Gordon , Doan Long , Drotning Kelsey Jeanne , Fish Jessica N. , Buck Clayton
Published: March 2021

Using primary data from the Assessing the Social Consequences of COVID-19 study, we examined how the pandemic affected the stress levels of women with and without coresiding minor children (mothers vs. non-mothers), paying special attention to the moderating role of employment status. The OLS regression results show following the pandemic outbreak, among full-time working women, mothers reported smaller stress increases than non-mothers. In contrast, among part-time and non-employed women, mothers and non-mothers experienced similar stress increases. Also, full-time working mothers reported smaller stress increases than women with most other mothering and employment statuses. Changes in women’s employment status, following pandemic onset, had limited impacts on the patterns of stress change. This study contributes to research on parenting and health by showing that during times of crisis, full-time employment may be protective of mothers’ mental health, but may not buffer the mental health deterioration of women not raising children.
Perspectives on Tort Law (2007)
Authors: Nanduri George Herbert Walker
Published: March 2021

A summary thesis, in 2007, while at_age_less_than_25, while I had to drop out of PhD_2006, though I had solved four_colour_theorem in 2001-02, as an engineering student. And was happy that Chelsea Clinton was able to finish her Masters.
The acceptability of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation and its influencing factors among adolescent school girls in Yogyakarta city: a mix-methods study
Authors:   Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Ansari Muhammad Ridwan , Kandarina BJ Istiti ,   Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Kusmayanti Nuraini ,   Centre for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Destriani Destriani ,   Puskesmas Pambusuang, Poliwali Mandar, Masfufah Masfufah ,   Nutrition Study Program, STIKes Widya Nusantara, Palu, Fikrinnisa Rizka ,   Faculty of Health and Pharmacy, Universitas Adiwangsa Jambi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Indonesia has initiated the weekly iron-folic acid supplementation programme (WIFS) among adolescent school girls since 2016. However, its acceptability needs to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of WIFS and its influencing factors. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in six schools in Yogyakarta from January-April 2018. Totally, 211 participants aged 12-18 years were involved in the cross-sectional survey, followed by four focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Body mass index-for-age, haemoglobin, serum ferritin, habitual intake, and acceptability (defined as selfreported iron-folic acid tablet consumption) were assessed. Results: This study reported that 22.3% and 12.4% of the participants were categorised as iron deficient and anaemic, respectively. Almost 90% of participants had received the tablet, but only 62.0% of them reported consuming it. Logistic regression test indicated that the participants were more likely to take the tablet if it tasted good [OR (95%CI): 4.66 (1.90-11.43)]. Meanwhile, motivation for tablet consumption declined when respondents perceived the odour of tablet was unpleasant, reported forgetfulness, lacked peer support, and experienced side effects, with OR (95%CI) of 0.23 (0.07- 0.77), 0.35 (0.13-0.95), 0.30 (0.08-0.58), and 0.04 (0.04-0.39), respectively. The results from FGD and IDIs strengthened the findings that the experience of nausea, organoleptic properties of iron-folic acid tablet, forgetfulness, and mother’s support play important roles in students’ acceptability. Conclusion: This study found moderate acceptability towards the WIFS programme. The inhibiting and reinforcing factors of WIFS acceptability in this study could be considered as inputs for programme improvements in the future.
Fruit and vegetable intake among overweight and obese school children: A cluster randomised control trial
Authors:   Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Selamat Rusidah , Raib Junidah ,   Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Abdul Aziz Nur Azlina ,   Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Zulkafly Norlida ,   Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Ismail Ainan Nasrina ,   Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, W Mohamad W Nurul Ashikin ,   Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid ,   Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Md Zain Fuziah ,   Paediatric Department, Putrajaya Hospital, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Ishak Zahari ,   Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Yahya Abqariyah ,   Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mokhtar Abdul Halim ,   Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Adequate daily intake of fruits and vegetables is crucial for the prevention of chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of My Body is Fit and Fabulous at School (MyBFF@school) with nutrition education intervention (NEI) on the stages of change for fruit and vegetable intake among overweight and obese secondary school children based on the trans-theoretical model (TTM). Methods: This was a cluster randomised controlled trial involving 15 out of 415 eligible government secondary schools in central Peninsular Malaysia, which were randomly assigned into intervention (six schools; 579 school children) and control (nine schools; 462 school children). The intervention group was given NEI for 24 weeks, while the control group followed the existing school programme by the Ministry of Education. Results: There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups for the stages of change, with majority at the maintenance stage after six months (intervention: 34.9%; control: 39.0%). The within group analysis showed a significant reduction after six months for those at the action stage (action and maintenance stage) from 68.0% to 60.4% in the intervention group and from 71.4% to 65.6% in the control group. However, there was a significant increase among those with adequate fruit and vegetable intake in the intervention group and no significant increase in the control group. Conclusion: MyBFF@school with NEI based on TTM provided acceptable changes in fruit and vegetable intake among overweight and obese secondary school children.
Energy and protein intakes are associated with stunting among preschool children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia: a case-control study
Authors:   Center for Nutrition and Health Studies, Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia (FPHUI), Depok, West Java, Indonesia, Fikawati Sandra , Syafiq Ahmad ,   Center for Nutrition and Health Studies, Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia (FPHUI), Depok, West Java, Indonesia, Ririyanti Rienzy Kholifatur ,   Department of Public Health Nutrition, FPHUI, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, Gemily Syilga Cahya ,   Department of Public Health Nutrition, FPHUI, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Stunting is a major nutritional problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting in DKI Jakarta province was relatively high at 27.5% in 2013 and 17.7% in 2018. This study aims to describe nutrient intakes of children aged 25-30 months and to determine the proportional differences in nutrient intakes between stunting and normal children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A case-control study with a total sample of 121 children aged 25-30 months was conducted in Gambir and Sawah Besar sub-districts, Central Jakarta, where the prevalence of stunting was high. All children were exclusively breastfed for at least four months and had similar socio-economic levels. Data collected included height measurement, questionnairebased interview, and 24-hour food recall. T-test and chi-square test were used to investigate the differences between two groups and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results: Factors associated with stunting were energy intake (AOR=6.0; 95% CI=1.0-35.0) and protein intake (AOR=4.0; 95% CI=1.1-15.5) after controlling for fat, carbohydrate, vitamin C, iron, and zinc intakes. The percentage of children with energy intake below the recommendation was much higher in stunted children (86.1%) compared to normal children (43.5%). Similarly, the percentage of children with protein intake below the recommendation was very much higher among stunted children (30.6%) compared to 8.2% in normal children. Conclusion: Children who lacked energy and protein intakes were at a higher risk of stunting than children who had sufficient intakes. Macronutrient intakes are important and should be consumed in sufficient quantities every day to prevent stunting.
العلاقة بين مخاطر السوق والربحية واثرها في القيمة السوقية للمصارف ـــــ دراسة تحليلية لعينة من المصارف العراقية الخاصة
Authors: حسن العكيلي م. د  صباح
Published: March 2021

Abstract: The study tried to show the relationship between market risks (fluctuations in exchange rates and interest rates) as an independent variable and profitability as an intermediate variable and the effect of that relationship on the market value of the shares of the banks researched as an approved variable. A set of financial ratios was used in conducting the quantitative analysis process, as the study included a sample of the Iraqi private commercial banks for the period (2015-2018) and the adoption of 2014 as a base year for comparison to reach results that show developments in exchange rates and interest rates that may be exposed to fluctuations and beyond, and conclusions have been reached that show a significant correlation between market risks as an independent variable and banking profitability as an intermediate variable. There is also a significant correlation between market risks and the market value as a dependent variable, in addition to the presence of an effect of that relationship on the market value of bank shares, the study sample.
التحليل الاستراتيجي لدور التعليم العالي التنموي في العراق بعد عام 2003
Authors: رحيم حامد , يحيى صالح أ .د. لورنس
Published: March 2021

Abstract This research comes to alert to the importance of the role of higher education institutions and economic scientific research, as these institutions are the main source in the formation of human capital in addition to the technological development of the means of production operating in economic activity, and then the possibility of investing these institutions to achieve diversity in the economic activity which is the gateway to move towards achieving economic development and leaving the backward rentier pattern of the Iraqi economy. The research deals with the period after the year of the political change in 2003 and from the perspective of strategic analysis of the internal and external environment of the higher education sector, which showed that there is a remarkable development in the numbers of universities, colleges and scientific departments, whether governmental or private, which were developed during this period and the levels of development in the quality of the educational service provided by these institutions is weak. On the other hand, the external circumstances and factors that include what has an influential relationship on the economic role of education were not conducive to opening the way for an effective role for education, but rather hindered it. Accordingly, it is necessary to address weaknesses in the performance of higher education institutions by investing in the available opportunities from global openness and the return of Iraq's relations with the outside world, and then strengthening cooperation ties with international institutions specialized in aspects of developing higher education as well as the possibility of benefiting from the experiences of sober universities globally, as the information revolution can be invested And the contacts that the world is witnessing to keep pace with the developments in science and knowledge
تقلبات الايرادات الحكومية وتأثيرها على القطاع المصرفي العراقي
Authors: فريد عبد الكريم علي , جبر خلف . د. وحيدة
Published: March 2021

Abstract The research problem focused on the nature of the Iraqi unilateral rentier economy and its dependence on government revenues from extracting crude oil and exporting it to international markets, as well as the dependence of all its economic sectors on these fluctuating revenues, and therefore the fluctuations that occur in these revenues, regardless of their source, will have many economic effects, including their impact on the banking sector, and the research assumed that the fluctuations that occur in government revenues affect, directly or indirectly, all economic sectors, including the banking sector, and these fluctuations affect negatively or positively on deposits and credit in the Iraqi banking sector. A set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the oil sector in the Iraqi economy has become the main source of government revenues and thus its impact on all economic sectors, including the banking sector, which is the artery feeding the various economic joints by attracting and pumping money, and therefore the fluctuations that occurred in government revenues affected government deposits and private deposits, which affected bank credit urging the need for Iraq to adopt long and medium-term strategic plans to bring about economic diversification that is synonymous with oil revenues to finance the general budget in Iraq and that avoids the country many risks that may occur in the event of low oil prices or stalled production and export operations, as diversifying the Iraqi economy leads to diversify sources of income and output in other economic sectors and thus avoid the shocks that oil revenues leave on the economy, especially the banking sector
Analisis dan Perancangan Tata Keloladan Pengelolaan Teknologi Informasi Berbasis Kerangka COBIT 5 DomainAlign-Plan-Organise (APO) (Studi Kasus:Diskominfo Jabar)
Authors: Felayati Fiqha , Mulyana Rahmat , Witjaksono R. Wahjoe
Published: March 2021

Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Technology number: 41/Per/Men/Kominfo/11/2007, to achieve good governance Diskominfo Jabar need to implement good governance and management of information technology (IT) practices in order to integrate organizational management to ensure that information technology is optimally utilized. But its implementation, IT governance of corporate has not been optimally applied. It is known from the results of enabler assessment done in this study. The focus of this research is the APO (Align, Plan, and Organize) domain COBIT 5 framework, so the assessment of the 7 enablers done is to know the current condition of IT governance in the APO process. The process of APO domains is also prioritized through 3 approaches: regulatory compliance, strategic alignment and risk approach based on COBIT 5 so it generates APO02 manage strategy, APO05 manage Portfolio, APO07 manage human resource, APO12 manage risk and APO13 manage security. The result of the assessment of the 7 enablers will show the gap with ideal conditions in COBIT 5 in order to implement good governance. Thus, this research will result in the recommendation of 7 enablers grouped into people, process and technology to address the previously identified gaps, in order to achieve the targeted conditions of IT governance Diskominfo Jabar on priority APO domains based on COBIT 5.
Analisis dan Perancangan Aplikasi Wisata Di Daerah Bogor Berbasis Android
Authors:   Universitas Trilogi, Nurdin Sam Ali , Abdurrazaq Iqbal ,   Universitas Trilogi, Aldiansyah Muhammad Arie ,   Universitas Trilogi
Published: March 2021

In the present era, it is easy to fin information, but not all information obtained is valid information. Many tourists want to know about a place to visit. In addition, due to lack of promotion by the government, so many tourist attractions that have the potential to increase icnomes many people doesn’t know about the location of tourism. Bogor is the largest area attract tourists, especially local tourists. But many tourist attractions in the area of Bogor that has not been sought by the tourists. Researchers assume that it takes an applications that provide accurate information to increase tourist in Bogor, to reduce the shortage and make it easier for tourists to know information about the sights to be visited, researchers try to find a solution. "Tourist Application in Bogor Region" is used to provide information for local and foreign tourists. This becomes an opportunity for the Bogor regional government to improve services and facilities in the city, so that tourists can feel comfortable coming to visit in the city of Bogor.