bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect Of Intrauterine Hypoxia On Testicular Reproductive Function
Authors: Palatova Tatiana V. , Bucharskaya Alla B. , Medvedeva Anna V. , Voronina Elena S. , Pakhomy Svetlana S. , Maslyakova Galina N.
Published: July 2021

Goal — to assess the effect of antenatal hypoxia of various origins on the morphology and reproductive function of the testes of newborn and mature rats in experiment. Material and Methods — In experiments 15 white outbred female rats aged 4 to 10 months with a weight of 200±30 g were used. Laboratory animals were randomly divided into 2 experimental and 1 control groups, 5 females each. The first group underwent normobaric hypoxia throughout pregnancy (21 days). Hypoxia modeling was conducted in accordance with the method of N.N. Karkishchenko (2010). The second group underwent hemic hypoxia during the second and third week of pregnancy, in accordance with the method of L.M. Sosedova (2012). The third (control) group was not exposed to any effect throughout pregnancy. Results — in the testicles of newborn rats of the experimental groups, the decrease of tubule diameter was observed, the increase of stroma area and development of interstitial edema were noted. In the group of hemic hypoxia, a significant decrease in the number of Leydig cells was noted. In the tissues of the testicles of mature rats, who underwent antenatal hypoxia, a decrease of tubule diameter, a significant decrease in the spermatogenesis index and a decrease of spermatogonia number were noted. The developed damage of spermatogenic epithelium in experimental groups of newborns and mature rats was confirmed by marked expression of the apoptosis marker (Bax), weak expression of proliferation markers (Ki-67) and receptor of receptor of fibroblast growth factor (FGFR). Conclusion — in animals with chronic hypoxia of various origins, there is an inhibition of spermatogenesis and a violation of the spermatogenetic function of the testicular seminiferous tubules.
Preoperative Patient Anxiety Level Before And After Informed Consent For General Anesthesia
Authors: Pramono Ardi , Raharjo Bagus Putra
Published: July 2021

Background — Informed consent anesthesia should be administered even in pediatric patients through their parents, thereby reducing anxiety. Objective — This study aimed to determine the difference in anxiety level of the preoperative patient before and after given informed consent about general anesthesia. Settings and Design — This was a quasi-experimental study with one group pre-test and post-test study design. Material and Methods - Patients who were to undergo surgery with general anesthesia in PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital were the subjects in this study. There were 41 subjects selected as study samples using consecutive sampling. Anxiety level was assessed by the HRS-A scale (0.91 and 0.97). Statistical analysis used: All data were analyzed by the marginal homogeneity comparative test. Results — A significant decrease in preoperative patient anxiety levels was observed after the patient was given general anesthesia informed consent (p<0.05), compared to levels before informed consent. Thus, giving informed consent before general anesthesia could decrease the subject’s anxiety level in preoperative patients. Conclusion — Thus, giving informed consent prior to general anesthesia could decrease the subject’s anxiety level in preoperative patients.
The Crosstalk Between Dendritic Cells, Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells And Cancer Cells From The Perspective Of Combination Therapy
Authors: Issabekova Assel , Zhumabekova Marzhan , Zhunussova Madina , Ogay Vyacheslav
Published: July 2021

Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that elicit adaptive antitumour immunity. DCs integrate multiple environmental signals by efficiently processing tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) and migrating to draining lymph nodes (dLNs), where they present foreign antigens to T cells for priming. DCs thus serve as a major link between innate and adaptive immunity. Although DCs (mostly monocyte-derived DCs [mo-DCs]) have already been used in cancer therapies, such approaches have shown limited efficacy. Mo-DCs have the unique ability to present antigens to T cells in peripheral tissues. CD3+CD56+ cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are characterized by both MHC-restricted and MHC-unrestricted antitumour cytotoxicity against a broad range of cancer cells. This review presents an overview of the mechanisms by which mo-DCs and CIK cells’ interact with each other and with tumours. The maturation of DCs was identified as a crucial step in the development of effective DC-based vaccines against cancer. A further improved adoptive immunotherapy strategy involves a combination of mature mo-DCs and CIK cells. Combination therapy presents many opportunities for cancer treatment, as reported by a number of clinical trials. However, there is a lack of fundamental studies on the interaction of in vitro-generated mo-DCs with CIK cells. We discuss several methods of boosting DC-based vaccines and review the current knowledge of contact-dependent and cytokine-induced interactions of mo-DCs with CIK cells. We highlight that the combination of mo-DCs with CIK cells activates MHC-restricted and MHC-unrestricted immune responses.
Inappropriate Medication Use In Older Adults According To Beers Criteria In A Tertiary Referral Hospital, In Bolu, Turkey
Authors: Atak Burcin M. , Aktas Gulali , Duman Tuba T. , Kurtkulagi Ozge , Bilgin Satilmis , Kahveci Gizem , Demirkol Muhammed E.
Published: July 2021

Aims — We aimed to study the medications used by older adults for any potentially inappropriate medications. Material and Methods — A hundred and four consecutive subjects over 65 years of age who visited our clinic were enrolled in the study. Possible inappropriate medications were defined according to Beers Criteria. Results — A total of 57 women and 49 men were enrolled in the study. Mean ages of the women and men were 78.6±6.1 years and 77.4±5.4 years, respectively (p=0.30). While 18 subjects (17%) had no increased risk due to inappropriate use of medications, 30 were on inappropriate medications that increased renal failure risk, 5 were on inappropriate medication that amplified neurological side effects, 12 were on inappropriate medications that augmented bleeding risk, 20 were on inappropriate medication that lack safety and efficacy data, and 30 were on inappropriate medication that amplified the risk of falls. The number of increased risks according to Beers Criteria was significantly and positively correlated with number of medications used (r=0.366, p<0.001) and the number of comorbidities (r=0.312, p=0.001). Conclusion — The number of increased risks due to inappropriate use of medicines in older adults is positively correlated with the number of medicines used and the number of accompanied diseases. Therefore we suggest that the medicines used by older people should be reviewed in all settings, and unnecessary drugs should be avoided to be prescribed.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND PRODUCTION INFORMATION SUPPORT
Authors: Larshin Vasily P. , Lishchenko Natalia V. , Babiychuk Olga B. , Piteľ Ján
Published: July 2021

Information support for modern computer-aided design of products and processes is considered in this review in accordance with the methodology of the integrated CAD/CAM/CAE system. Three levels of the management hierarchy at the design and produc-tion stages are considered.At the top (organizational) level, computer-aided design of the product structure and its manufacturing technology is performed. At the middle (coordinating) level, a binding to existing technological equipment and debugging of indi-vidual fragments of the control program are performed. At the lower (executive) level, the control program is finally created, de-bugged and executed. A distinctive feature of the proposed automation methodology at the design and production stages is the use of feedback from the lower level to the middle and upper levels to correct the decisions made there, taking into account the existing management powers at these levels of the hierarchy. Thus, the indicated levels of the hierarchy of the intelligent system correspond to the hierarchy of objects and subjects of management and control, taking into account the powers (and capabilities) of management and control at each level.Information is a basic category not only in information (virtual) technologyfor its transformation and transmission, but also in physical technologyof material production in the manufacture of a corresponding material product. Such technologyas a rule, contain preparatory (pre-production) and executive (implementation) stages. At the preparatory stage, a virtual product is created (an information model of a real product in the form of virtual reality), and at the executive stage, a real (physical) product appears that has a use value (possession utility). This research describes the features of information processing at both stages of production in order to increase its efficiency.
HYBRID TEXTURE IDENTIFICATION METHOD
Authors: Volkova Natalya P. , Krylov Viktor N.
Published: July 2021

The importance of the modeling mode in systems of computer visual pattern recognition is shown. The purpose of the mode is to determine the types of textures that are present on the images processed in intelligent diagnostic systems. Images processed in technical diagnostic systems contain texture regions, which can be represented by different types of textures -spectral, statistical and spectral-statistical. Texture identification methods, such as, statistical, spectral, expert, multifractal, which are used to identify and analyze texture images, have been analyzed. To determine texture regions on images that are of a combined spectral-statistical nature, a hybrid texture identification method has been developed which makes it possible to take into account the local characteristics of the texture based on multifractal indicators characterizing the non-stationarity and impulsite of the data and the sign of the spectral texture. The stages of the developed hybrid texture identification method are: preprocessing; formation of the primary features vector; formation of the secondary features vector. The formation of the primary features vector is performed for the selected rectangular fragment of the image, in which the multifractal features and the spectral texture feature are calculated. To reduce the feature space at the stage of formation of the secondary identification vector, the principal component method was used. An experimental study of the developed hybrid texture identification method textures on model images of spectral, statistical, spectral-statistical textures has been carried out. The results of the study showed that the developed method made it possible to increase the probability of correct determination of the region of the combined spectral-statistical texture. The developed identification method was tested on images from Brodatz album of textures and images of wear zones of cutting tools, which are processed in intelligent systems of technical diagnostics. The probability of correctly identifying areas of spectral-statistical texture in the images of wear zones of cutting tools averaged 0.9, which is sufficient for the needs of practice.
BEHAVIORAL HIDDENTESTING OF DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEMSTAKING INTO ACCOUNTOF ENERGY
Authors: Martynyuk Oleksandr M. , Drozd Oleksandr V. , Nesterenko Sergiy A. , Skobtsov Vadym Yu. , Bui Thuong Van
Published: July 2021

The introduction of new energy-consuming properties for positions and transitions into the checked properties of the extended reference Petri net, for which the deviations of the tested Petri net are determined and a testing model is developed, provides new diagnostic possibilities. Keeping the class of checked properties in the composition of deviations of incidence relations, correspondences and marking functions of positions and transitions for the checked and reference Petri nets, the new properties make it possible to record the appearance of critical temperature regimes that are a consequence of errors or directly leading to their appearance. Thisversatility of testing helps to increase its completeness, accuracy and efficiency. The energy-heavy testing model is based on verification of incidence, correspondence, and markup functions. Checking the markup functions when generating events in positions, performing actions in transitions, as well as the proposed checking of the energy consumption indicators accumulated in the monitor tokens, is performed when checking the incidence, correspondences. The features of the testingmodel include the input of generalized energy-loaded Petri nets recorders, accumulating information about energy consumption in the behavior of positions/transitions, topological componentsand subnets, the entire Petri net in the process of its functioning. The testingmodel is also distinguished by the recognition of the reference energy-loaded behavior when checking the Petri net based on behavioral identification and coincidenceof subsets of positions/transitions, the determination of behavior, the use of checkprimitives and transactions. The behavioral testingmodel defines the formal conditions for behavioral testingprocedures, including the analysis of the correctness of energy consumption. The dimensionality of the testingmodel was estimated using the representation of Petri net graphs, special graphs of attainable states, including Rabin-Scott automata, using list structures. These estimates define the limits of applicability of the formal testingmodel.
MODELS AND METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING ZERO-DAYTHREATS IN CYBERSPACE
Authors: Saprykin Oleksandr S.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the development of models and methods for detectingZero-Daythreats in cyberspace to improve the efficiency of detecting high-level malicious complexes that are using polymorphic mutators. Themethod for detecting samplesby antivirus solutions using a public and local multiscanneris proposed. Themethod for diagnosing polymorphic malware using Yara rules is being developed. The multicomponent service that allows organizing a free malware analysis solution with a hybrid deploy-ment architecture in public and private clouds is described. The cloud service for detecting malware based on open-source sandboxes and MAS, allowing horizontal scalability in hybrid clouds, and showing high capacity during malicious and non-maliciousobjectprocessing is designed. The main task of the service is to collect artifacts after dynamic and static object analysis to detect zero-daythreats. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is shown.Scientific novelty and originality consist in the creation of the follow-ing methods:1) detecting the sample by preinstalled antivirus solutions that allow static scanning in separate threads without requests restrictions for increasing the malware processing speed and restrict public access to confidential files;2) diagnosing polymorphic malware using Yara rules, that allows detecting new modifications that are not detected by available solutions.The proposed hybrid system architecture allows to perform a retrospective search by families, tracking changes in destructive components, collect the malicious URLs database to block traffic to C&C servers, collect dropped and downloaded files, analyze phishing emails attach-ments, integrate with SIEM, IDS, IPS, antiphishing and Honeypot systems, improve the quality of the SOC analyst, decrease the incidents response times and block new threats that are not detected by available antivirus solutions. The practical significance of the results is in the cloud service development that combines MAS Sandbox and a modified distributed Cuckoo sandbox, which allows to respond to Zero-Day threats quickly, store a knowledge base for artifacts correlation between polymorphic malware samples, actively search for new malware samples and integrate with cyber protection hardwareand software systems that support the Cuckoo API.
“Why have I become a burden to you?” Disability and Holiness: A Reading of Job 7:20
Authors:   Theological Faculty of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Lequin Yves-Marie
Published: July 2021

This article explores disability and holiness in light of the neutral theme of burden as it appears in the Book of Job. Job is afflicted by evil and is revolted by it; yet, he ends up accepting this mystery. Job’s example expands the definition of “holiness” to include one of its key elements: the gift of a word of freedom that can give rise to prophetic vulnerability.
How to Gain Wisdom of Heart: The Meaning of the Rhetorical Structure of Psalm 90
Authors:   University of Białystok, Kowalczuk Marek
Published: July 2021

The request for wisdom of heart that can be found in Psalm 90:12 conveys in a certain sense the essence of the spiritual search on which that the authors of the Old Testament Wisdom Books embarked. In the end, they arrived at the conclusion that true knowledge can be attained only as a gift from the Creator. The question that remains, however, is: how man can receive this knowledge? The analysis of Psalm 90 presented below is an attempt to respond to this question. This analysis focuses particularly on the literary structure of Psalm 90 because, by coming to a better understanding of the way in which the sections and respective elements of the poem relate to each other, one arrives at the psalm’s deeper meaning. In this regard, the psychologist Hubert Hermans’ valuation theory is particularly helpful.
Polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery – synthetic vs. biopolymers?
Authors: Gericke Martin , Heinze Thomas
Published: July 2021

Nanoparticles have a great prospect for therapeutic applications. They can protect drugs under physiological conditions and act as a matrix for directed delivery of drugs, e.g., to a specific tissue or cell type. Polymer-based nanomaterials are considered as highly effective in this regard. Their properties can be tailored to meet specific demands for given therapeutic purposes. Considering the high-quality standards placed on medical products, the question arises: Which type of polymer material should be employed? One might select synthetic polymer compounds, which are highly diverse in terms of the molecular structures and supramolecular architectures that can be created, or biopolymers such as polysaccharides that are renowned for their native biocompatibility.
Reflections of Wilhelm Wundt’s Lectures in Vytautas Civinskis’ Diary: Application of Introspection to Comprehend Emotional Phenomena
Authors: Almonaitienė Junona S. , Girininkaitė Veronika
Published: July 2021

The beginning of the 20th century is well known as a time of formation of psychology as an independent scientific discipline. One of the students interested in it was Vytautas Civinskis (1887–1910), who attended Wilhelm Wundt’s Psychology lectures during his agriculture (Landwirtschaft) studies at Leipzig University, in 1904–1906, and led a Diary at that time. This article presents analysis of fragments of Civinskis’ Diary related to psychology. Several artefacts found in it, preliminarily interpreted as the diarist’s introspection data related to emotional phenomena, are being discussed. The analysis verified the initial assumption and helped to understand the essence of the diarist’s research design. It was also deduced that Civinskis proceeded with the introspection at least two years after Wundt’s Psychology lectures, trying to elaborate the method. It was found that some other researchers, e. g. Flügel (1925), Viliūnas, Pacevičius and Stončius (1997) applied similar methods much later. The Civinskis’ research on his own emotional states was amateurish but performed consistently and diligently. It can be considered as one of the earliest cases of empirical research in the history of Lithuanian psychology and adds to our still incomplete knowledge of the latter.
Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Functional Disorders Causing Angina Pectoris
Authors: Beck Sascha , Martínez Pereyra Valeria , Seitz Andreas , McChord Johanna , Hubert Astrid , Bekeredjian Raffi , Sechtem Udo , Ong Peter
Published: July 2021

Coronary vasomotion disorders represent a frequent cause of angina and/or dyspnoea in patients with non-obstructed coronary arteries. The highly sophisticated interplay of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction can be assessed in an interventional diagnostic procedure. Established parameters characterising adequate vasodilatation are coronary blood flow at rest, and, after drug-induced vasodilation, coronary flow reserve, and microvascular resistance (hyperaemic microvascular resistance, index of microcirculatory resistance). An increased vasoconstrictive potential is diagnosed by provocation testing with acetylcholine or ergonovine. This enables a diagnosis of coronary epicardial and/or microvascular spasm. Ischaemia associated with microvascular spasm can be confirmed by ischaemic ECG changes and the measurement of lactate concentrations in the coronary sinus. Although interventional diagnostic procedures are helpful for determining the mechanism of the angina, which may be the key to successful medical treatment, they are still neither widely accepted nor applied in many medical centres. This article summarises currently well-established invasive methods for the diagnosis of coronary functional disorders causing angina pectoris.
La parentalidad como escenario de socialización en lo político: experiencias de familias colombianas
Authors: Garavito-López Jacqueline , Molina-Valencia Nelson
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es visibilizar experiencias parentales de socialización en lo político en familias colombianas. Se sustenta en una visión bidireccional de la parentalidad y la socialización política. Se entiende lo político como una dimensión de lo social que tiene un doble carácter conflictivo y deliberativo. En ese sentido, la socialización en lo político puede conducir tanto a perpetuar como a transformar las condiciones existentes y las orientaciones políticas recibidas. La investigación es de carácter cualitativo, los datos provienen de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a madres y padres de tres familias. Los resultados muestran diferentes experiencias mediante las cuales las familias fomentan el pensamiento crítico y ayudan a construir nociones políticas relacionadas con paz, alteridad, participación e inequidad social.
Un acercamiento al estado actual de los estudios sobre genocidio
Authors: Restrepo-Betancur Ana María
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se busca realizar una aproximación sucinta al estado vigente de los estudios sobre genocidio, a partir del rastreo bibliográfico y el acercamiento a algunos de los principales textos de la línea de estudios, específicamente a aquellos que en el ámbito latinoamericano y en Colombia, han contribuido en los últimos años al desarrollo de la disciplina en este lado del continente. Los estudios sobre genocidio en Colombia, si bien se han venido desarrollando desde hace un poco más de una década, su progreso aun es incipiente, existiendo un vacío en la literatura científica que dé cuenta del estado del arte y de la divulgación de la existencia de la disciplina misma en el ámbito académico colombiano. En ese sentido, el presente artículo tiene como propósito fundamental saldar falencias que contribuyen a ese exiguo despliegue de la disciplina.
Educación política en Argentina. Participación juvenil, política educativa, enseñanza y contextos
Authors: Jorquera María-Inés , Radetich Laura
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito interpretar las transiciones de la educación política en Argentina haciendo foco en el cambio socio histórico a través de la dinámica de la participación política juvenil, los cambios en las políticas educativas y las políticas en torno a adolescentes y jóvenes, junto a las transformaciones de los contextos sociopolíticos. Para tal fin, se desarrolló un abordaje interpretativo documental sobre legislación educativa, diseños curriculares, planes de estudio, revistas educativas, discursos y textos escolares históricos y actuales. El análisis se centrará en los fines de la formación ciudadana junto a los enfoques y prácticas de enseñanza expresados en las reformas curriculares y de los planes de estudio y sus contextos, con el propósito de comprender el camino histórico que concluyó en el actual modelo de educación política basada en el ejercicio político pleno por parte de la juventud.
Educación política para la construcción de sociedades democráticas
Authors: Bustamante-Arango Edwin
Published: July 2021

Harold Entwistle. (1980 [1971]). La educación política en una democracia. Narcea. ISBN: 84-277-0437-2
Von der Theorie in die Praxis: Erwartungen an ein Praktikum in Zeiten von Covid-19
Authors: Schumacher Allegra
Published: July 2021

In diesem Artikel geht es um die Gedanken und Gefühle einer Studentin im zweiten Semester des Studiengangs Bibliotheks- und Informationsmanagement im Hinblick auf das anstehende Praxissemester und dem damit verbundenen Pflichtpraktikum, in Zeiten der derzeit anhaltenden Corona-Pandemie.
Einführung in die Datenvisualisierung mit Python
Authors: Büschenfeldt Maika
Published: July 2021

Durch die Aufbereitung und grafische Darstellung von Daten (Datenvisualisierung) lassen sich Zusammenhänge und Trends besser erkennen und verstehen. Das kompakte Tutorial bietet einen Einstieg in die Datenvisualisierung mit der Programmiersprache Python und dem Tool JupyterLab.
Representaciones de infancia en Frankenstein de Mary Shelley: De la edad de oro a la niñez monstruosa
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Bayerque María Ayelén
Published: July 2021

In this paper different representations of childhood in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein are analyzed. For this, three sections have been arranged. First, the novel is set in the context of its production, and then some elements of the romanticized vision of the first part of human’s lives are analyzed. Alzate Piedrahíta (2002) understands that the perception of modern childhood has varied throughout history based on changes in the modes of socialization. If thinking childhood has two fronts, the human and the monstrous in Frankenstein, how does this question link with the romantic matrix that operates in the text? In the second section, through the textual analysis of some fragments, the childhood of the protagonist and his adoptive sister, Elizabeth, are compared. Finally, the creature and his link to the character that created him are studied. After his birth, he behaves like any child who imitates what others do, and finds himself lost without a tutor to guide him.
La presencia de sagas fantásticas en Brasil: 1 una propuesta de clasificación de paracosmos
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Barth Pedro Afonso
Published: July 2021

This work aims to present an overview of contemporary productions of fantastic sagas in Brazil and their main characteristics. The fantastic sagas are a narrative modality of serial stories whose main characteristic is the institution of a unique universe that we define as paracosm (Martos García, 2009). To conceptualize fantastic sagas, we use theoretical studies of Martos Núñez (2007), Martos García (2009, 2010, 2020) and García Rivera (2004, 2013, 2019), in dialogue with concepts by other authors (Bourdieu, 2013; Bakhtin, 2002; Beckett, 2009; among others). Therefore, from the aforementioned authors, a possible delimitation/ classification of fantastic Brazilian sagas by lines is created, according to the structure of their paracosms. Four possible lines are defined here. Thus, this study presents an overview of the fantastic sagas in Brazil, based on the definition of their typologies.
Estudio comparativo de la prueba de redacción académica IELTS por escrito frente a la realizada en computadora en participantes de IELTS de inglés como lengua extranjera en la Universidad de Teherán
Authors:   Islamic Azad University, Dastpak Mehdi , Riasati Mohammad Javad , Bagheri Mohammad Sadegh , Hadipour Ehsan ,   Islamic Azad University,   Islamic Azad University,   Islamic Azad University
Published: July 2021

The current study is an attempt to investigate whether learners perform differently on paper or on the computer in the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) writing test, in terms of Task response/achievement, coherence/cohesion, lexical resource, grammatical range and accuracy. In addition, it explores whether the candidates’ computer familiarity are different in paper or computer groups. To this end, a total number of 108 candidates were selected out of 144 based on the results of the Oxford Placement Test (OPT) in Tehran University, Iran. To gather the data, a retired IELTS academic writing sample and a computer familiarity questionnaire were administered. The participants were divided into two equal groups. In the Paper Mode (PM) group, students were given the test to write conventionally on paper. In the other, Computer Mode (CM) group, the students were given the same test; but were asked to type the test in the computer provided for them in their class. Also, all the participants took the computer familiarity questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed through the Independent samples t-test. The findings reveal significant differences between paper-based and computer-based modes in both writing tasks. Moreover, the analysis of the questionnaire shows the impact of the candidates’ computer familiarity on their writing performance.
New genera of melikertine bees with facial modifications in Baltic amber (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Davis Steven R.
Published: July 2021

The tribe Melikertini (Apinae: Corbiculata) is an extinct group of highly eusocial bees presently known only from early to late Eocene deposits of Eurasia. Among melikertine diversity are a suite of species peculiar for their rather dramatic morphological specializations, at least in relation to modern corbiculate Apinae. Here we document two new species of Melikertini and utilize standard X-ray as well as propagation phase contrast synchrotron computed microtomography to further explore these and previously known species, revealing finer details not previously observable from melikertines. Accordingly, some species placed in the genera Melikertes Engel and Succinapis Engel are reëvaluated. Three new genera are characterized, as well as some further facial modifications not previously known for the tribe. New taxa and taxonomic changes presented are: Aethemelikertes emunctorii Engel, new genus and species; Haidomelikertes uraeus Engel, new genus and species; H. proboscidea (Engel), new combination; Amelikertotes Engel, new genus; Amelikertotes clypeata (Engel), new combination. Additionally, new records and taxonomic notes on other Baltic amber and Eocene bees are appended, with the following nomenclatural changes established: Palaeomacropis Michez & Nel is recognized as a megachiline rather than a melittid, and is transferred to Megachilinae where it is a new junior synonym of Ctenoplectrella Cockerell (new synonymy); Ctenoplectrella eocenica (Michez & Nel), new combination; a key is provided to species of Ctenoplectrella; Thaumastobombina Engel, new subtribe in Electrapini; Thnetobombus Engel, new subgenus in Protobombus Cockerell; Mesomelissa Engel, new subgenus in Electrapis Cockerell; Electrapis (Euglossopteryx) biesmeijeri (De Meulemeester et al.), new combination.  A list of Eocene bees is appended.
Processamento de actígrafos pós-coleta - ActTrust - V.1 v1
Authors: Vartanian Daniel
Published: July 2021

Este protocolo faz parte do processo de coleta de dados actigráficos do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (GIPSO). Ele foi desenhado para os actígrafos provenientes da companhia Condor Instruments. Algumas das configurações mencionadas podem ser específicas desses aparelhos. Se você não é membro ou parceiro do GIPSO, você pode utilizar este protocolo como referência para o processamento de seus equipamentos. Neste caso, por favor, não envie os formulários mencionados neste ou em outros protocolos relacionados ao processo. Se você utilizar os protocolos do GIPSO em sua pesquisa, por favor considere citá-los na seção de materiais e métodos de seu estudo. Nós nos esforçamos bastante para elaborar e manter protocolos de acesso aberto à comunidade científica. Você pode encontrar a citação deste protocolo na aba metadata. Consulte a aba Guidelines para visualizar o fluxograma do processo e os demais protocolos relacionados. Para dúvidas ou sugestões, entre em contato pelo e-mail gipso@usp.br .
Processamento de actígrafos para armazenamento - ActTrust - V.1 v1
Authors: Vartanian Daniel
Published: July 2021

Este protocolo faz parte do processo de coleta de dados actigráficos do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Sono (GIPSO). Ele foi desenhado para os actígrafos provenientes da companhia Condor Instruments. Algumas das configurações mencionadas podem ser específicas desses aparelhos. Se você não é membro ou parceiro do GIPSO, você pode utilizar este protocolo como referência para o processamento de seus equipamentos. Neste caso, por favor, não envie os formulários mencionados neste ou em outros protocolos relacionados ao processo. Se você utilizar os protocolos do GIPSO em sua pesquisa, por favor considere citá-los na seção de materiais e métodos de seu estudo. Nós nos esforçamos bastante para elaborar e manter protocolos de acesso aberto à comunidade científica. Você pode encontrar a citação deste protocolo na aba metadata. Consulte a aba Guidelines para visualizar o fluxograma do processo e os demais protocolos relacionados. Para dúvidas ou sugestões, entre em contato pelo e-mail gipso@usp.br .
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF INVESTIGATING UKRAINIAN PHRASEOLOGISMS IN MEDIA DISCOURSE
Authors: Kniaz Tetiana
Published: July 2021

The article deals with theoretical grounds of lingvo-pragmatic, functional, structural and semantic methods of research, which are used for analyzing phraseological units (PhU) of the Ukrainian language in media discourse. The verbal representation is the most powerful channel for information dissemination. That is why such important issues as the semantic and functional features of lexical, phraseological units of media discourse remain relevant. The clarification of the main methodological principles of studying the peculiarities of functioning the phraseology in the Ukrainian media discourse is the purpose of the proposed work. The object of research is the lingvo-pragmatic, structural and semantic features of phraseologisms’ functioning in the Ukrainian media discourse. Different types of structural and semantic transformations of phraseological units have been analyzed in the article. The transformed phraseologisms in media discourse demonstrate the dynamics of evaluative, ideological and cultural perception of reality. The realization of the pragmatic possibilities of “contracted” phraseological units happens due to the context or situation, the intentions of the speaker, as well as the linguistic and cultural competence of the communicator. Phraseological units play a special role in the process of communication, the pragmatic value of which lies in the ability to influence the addressee in a particular communicative situation. The phraseologisms of the Ukrainian language perform a variety of functions in the media discourse: nominative, evaluative, emotionally expressive, pragmatic, the function of characterizing the social status of social and political figures etc.
NATO Dönüşüm Politikalarının İnşacı Yaklaşımla İncelenmesi (1991-2011)
Authors: Çakır Adem
Published: July 2021

1990’larda uluslararası yapıda meydana gelen köklü değişimlere kadar önde gelen teoriler olarak kabul gören yeni gerçekçi ve yeni liberal teoriler uluslararası alanı devletlerin stratejik çıkarlarını gerçekleştirdikleri bir alan olarak görmekteydi. Ancak, bu dönemde NATO’nun benimsediği politikalardaki iş birliği vurgusu ve devletlerin problemler karşısında geliştirdiği ortak tutum ve davranışlar bu teorilerin öngördüğü salt çıkar odaklı yaklaşımın yeterli teorik çerçeveyi sağlayamadığını göstermiştir. Yine bu dönemde, eleştirel uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri içerisinde konumlanan ve devletlerarası ilişkilerde sosyal etkileşim boyutunu öne çıkaran inşacı yaklaşım klasik teorilerden farklı bir teorik çerçeve sunmuştur. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmanın amacı NATO’nun Soğuk Savaş sonrasında uygulamaya koyduğu dönüşüm politikalarının inşacı yaklaşım çerçevesinde anlaşılmaya çalışılmasıdır. Çalışmada NATO’nun iş birliğine dayalı güvenlik, genişleme süreci ve ortak güvenlik kapsamındaki politikalarının inşacı yaklaşımın; “ortak, paylaşılan anlam, norm ve değerler geliştirerek maddi gücün bu çerçevede anlamlandırılması; sosyal etkileşim yoluyla bu değerlerin yaygınlaştırılması” anlayışıyla okunabileceği görülmüş, ancak bu yaklaşımın başarısının stratejik ortamın uygunluğuna bağlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Özgürlükler İlişkisi
Authors: Erdem Mehmet Samet , Sezgin Selami
Published: July 2021

Çalışmada savunma harcamaları ile ekonomik özgürlükler arasındaki ilişki Fraser Enstitüsü’nün ekonomik özgürlükler endeksinde yer alan 110 ülkenin 2000-2014 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak panel veri analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgular, genel ekonomik özgürlük endeksi ve endeksin ana bileşenlerini oluşturan devletin faaliyet alanının genişliği, hukuki yapı ve mülkiyet hakları, güçlü paraya erişim ve kredi, işgücü ve iş dünyası konusunda yasal düzenlemelerin savunma harcamaları üzerinde anlamlı ve negatif yönlü ilişkisinin olduğunu gösterirken, uluslararası ticaret serbestisi ana bileşeninin savunma harcamaları ile ilişkisine rastlanamamıştır.
A Comparison between the Concepts of Gray Zone and Hybrid War: What is New for International Security?
Authors: Akgül Fatih
Published: July 2021

Albeit the Hybrid War has dominated security studies since 2006, it is also observed that the term ‘Gray Zone’ has increasingly taken part as well in connection with China and Russia after 2015. However, there is also a debate and confusion in the literature over gray zone activities, its relationship with hybrid war, and their implementations. This article aims to discuss and assess the theoretical relationship between these concepts and their implications for international security, by comparing recent Russian and Chinese practices. The article asserts that hybrid and gray zone activities are neither new nor the same, and the Gray Zone Concept emerged as a reflection of the shift in the US strategical attention from Russia to China, and aimed to harmonize US national interests with other Allies’ security concerns. However, it also acknowledges that the concept is real, and should be differentiated and separated from hybrid war.
Simulation of a Stand-alone Hybrid PV-Diesel Systems for Critical Island Loads
Authors: Alah G. Ramadan Abdelnasser A. Nafeh, Omar M. Abdel-halim,
Published: July 2021

Micro-grid is an effective solution to increase the power distribution reliability by using renewable energy sources or hybrid with a diesel generator. In this research, a hybrid energy system using a solar power system designed for extraction of 100 kW at peak power, at standard condition 1000 W/m2 and 25 ˚C with a diesel generator designed 500 KVA at peak power is simulated for a standalone microgrid utilities. For extraction maximum power, the duty ratio of a converter is adjusting based on the specific value of maximum power point (MPP) voltage of the PV array. Thus, the DC voltage of the inverter side is kept constant to meet the grid specifications, e.g. 400 V and 50 Hz. The PV array is modelling by nonlinear equations which describe the effect of real irradiance levels for the Western Desert in Egypt on DC voltage. The solar power system is designed in an actual location with a diesel generator, supplying a three-phase load of about 300 KW contain 60 KW of critical police loads and 240 KW of normal police loads. Due to the fluctuations in solar irradiance, load sharing between the PV system and the diesel generator is controlled. The load sharing is verified numerically by the Newton-Raphson method for a three-bus ring distribution system. Numerical and simulation results show the capability of the designed PV system to share the load with the diesel generator over the year.The proposed system helps to achieve security and stability, especially in border and remote places due to the high cost of connecting these places with the public network, as well as the difficulty of maintaining diesel generators and delivering fuel. Due to the sunny climate of the Western Desert in Egypt, so the hybrid energy system with any renewable sources helping in increase generation capacity for any future extension loads power requirements without increase the storage units of diesel generator, reduce maintenance of diesel generator, increase the lifetime of diesel generator, helping to keep the environment clean, maintains reliable electricity to the consumer and can be portable from place to another without any additional cost.

The proposed system helps to achieve security and stability, especially in border and remote places due to the high cost of connecting these places with the public network, as well as the difficulty of maintaining diesel generators and delivering fuel. Due to the sunny climate of the Western Desert in Egypt, so the hybrid energy system with any renewable sources helping in increase generation capacity for any future extension loads power requirements without increase the storage units of diesel generator, reduce maintenance of diesel generator, increase the lifetime of diesel generator, helping to keep the environment clean, maintains reliable electricity to the consumer and can be portable from place to another without any additional cost.
Diarrhea as a postoperative complication of surgically treated retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors in children
Authors: Tverdov Ivan V. , Akhaladze Dmitry G. , Kachanov Denis Y. , Merkulov Nikolay N. , Uskova Natalia G. , Rabaev Gavriil S. , Grachev Nikolay S.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea as a result of skeletonization of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac trunk after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a common complication in adult patients with malignant neoplasms of the pancreas, colon, and retroperitoneal tumors. The reports mentioning this complication in the treatment of neurogenic tumors in children are scarce.
AIM: This study aims to improve the surgical treatment results of locally advanced retroperitoneal neuroblastomas by studying which factors influence the development of prolonged postoperative diarrhea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of the treatment results in patients with locally advanced neurogenic retroperitoneal neoplasms at the Dmitry Rogachev national medical research center of pediatric hematology, oncology, and immunology from 2018 to 2020 was conducted. All patients from this cohort underwent SMA and celiac trunk dissection.
RESULTS: During this period, surgeries with dissection of the SMA and celiac trunk were performed in 29 patients. In four (13%) cases, prolonged diarrhea was noted (median duration, 136.5 days with a frequency of up to 13 times a day). Assessment of the dependence of diarrhea frequency on complete dissection or preservation of the tumor component in the SMA and celiac trunk showed no significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: The complete removal of a neurogenic tumor improves prognosis in patients with a locally advanced form of the disease, but it is associated with the risk of long-term intractable complications. This study does not confirm the opinion that preservation of the tumor component on the SMA prevents its denervation and postoperative diarrhea.
A Testable Worldwide Earthquake Faulting Mechanism Model
Authors: Taroni Matteo , Selva Jacopo
Published: July 2021

In this article, we present a simple model to forecast global focal mechanisms. This model is based on a simple discrete counting distribution of the global centroid moment tensor catalog, and it also includes, using a Bayesian scheme, the a priori information from the Anderson theory of faulting. Our model is tested in hindcasting mode against independent data of global large earthquakes with Ms≥7. We obtained statistically significant good agreement between model and data using consistency test, demonstrating that this simple model can satisfactorily forecast focal mechanisms at the global scale. The defined testing procedure can be used to test the model in prospective mode against future events. These forecasts may inform short- to long-term hazard quantifications that require a finite source characterization, as well as real-time source inversion algorithms.
Shaking in the Southeastern United States: Examining Earthquakes and Blasts in the Central Georgia–South Carolina Seismic Region
Authors: Marzen Rachel E. , Gaherty James B. , Shillington Donna J. , Kim Won-Young
Published: July 2021

Seismicity in the southeastern United States is relatively poorly characterized and thus not well understood. Structures and heterogeneities from multiple stages of Appalachian orogenesis, continental rifting, and magmatism as well as rivers and reservoirs may be influencing seismic activity in the region, but previous constraints are limited. The addition of seismic stations from the U.S. Transportable Array and the Southeastern Suture of the Appalachian Margin Experiment Array in 2012–2014 provide an opportunity to characterize seismicity in the central Georgia–South Carolina region. We develop a seismic catalog of >1000 events from March 2012 to May 2014 within or near the instrument array boundaries 30.1°–35.2°N, 80.9°– 85.7°W. Many of the events detected were industrial blasts, so multiple strategies were tested to discriminate between earthquakes and blasts based on event locations, timing, and spectral amplitude of the P and S arrivals. Based on this analysis, ∼10% of the events in the catalog were classified as earthquakes. Most earthquakes southeast of the eastern Tennessee seismic zone are located in the Carolina terrane, particularly where the Carolina terrane intersects major rivers or reservoirs. One prominent region of seismicity along the Savannah River near Thurmond Lake corresponds with an ∼4.5  m rise in water levels in 2013. A temporal cluster of earthquakes in April 2013 was followed by increased levels of ambient seismicity preceding the nearby Mw 4.1 earthquake in 2014. Focal mechanisms based on first-motion polarities indicate strike-slip to oblique-thrust motion on structures trending approximately north–south or east–west, and a maximum horizontal stress orientation consistent with the regional trend of ∼N60°E, implying that seismicity may reactivate more optimally oriented structures in the Carolina terrane that are oblique to the trend of the Appalachians. Seismicity in central Georgia appears to be controlled by a complex interaction between preexisting crustal structure and hydrologic variability.