bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro e pequenas empresas: competir no mercado final ou no mercado terceirizado?
Authors: Contador José Luiz , Contador José Celso , Sátyro Walter Cardoso
Published: December 2018

Poucos estudos sobre terceirização têm sido focados nos seus efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento da empresa contratada, normalmente de pequeno porte. Essa limitação motivou a desenvolver o presente estudo com base em uma amostra de pequenas empresas do setor de confecções para comparar os benefícios e os requisitos entre atuar no mercado final ou no mercado terceirizado (como subcontratadas). Os benefícios considerados no estudo são o efeito que o crescimento nesses dois tipos mercados possui sobre a competitividade da empresa e sua produtividade, enquanto que os requisitos considerados são a capacitação técnica e a capacidade empreendedora da empresa necessárias para crescer nesses mercados. Adotou-se o método empírico de pesquisa com base em análise estatística. Os resultados mostraram que é o mercado final que apresenta maior efeito sobre a competitividade da empresa, assim como o que proporciona maior produtividade. Mostrou também que a competição nesse mercado exige da empresa melhor desempenho nos dois tipos de competências internas consideradas.
Educação e empoderamento feminino: uma crítica aos resultados do terceiro “Objetivo de Desenvolvimento do Milênio” (ODM) sobre igualdade de gênero
Authors: Do Amaral Augusto Jobim , Dutra Gabriela Ferreira , Rodríguez Liziane Da Silva
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, sob o cenário dos Direitos Humanos e da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), apresentar os atuais esforços para o empoderamento feminino no que se refere à educação, tendo como enfoque principal o terceiro ODM (Objetivo de Desenvolvimento do Milênio), demonstrando as metas propostas e os possíveis reflexos sociais de tais diretrizes, sobretudo em países com extrema diferença cultural e com traços autoritários. Dessa forma, pretende-se evidenciar o fato de que políticas como o ODM são importantes para diminuir as desigualdades de gênero e promover o emporamento feminino, entretando aponta a imprescindibilidade de metas mais específicas para países com marcadores sociais de vulnerabilidade, em especial no tocante à educação, para que não se verifique uma reforço das desigualdade já existentes.
Função social da empresa: concretização a partir da regulação da atividade empresarial
Authors: Dezem Renata Mota Maciel , Bassetto Ruiz Renata De Oliveira , Oliveira André Luiz Mattos de
Published: December 2018

A função social da empresa não está expressa no texto constitucional, embora constitua desdobramento da função social da propriedade, razão pela qual deve ser conjugada com a proteção da atividade econômica, a livre iniciativa, a livre concorrência e os interesses da empresa. A partir da evolução histórica da função social da empresa, desde o pensamento do Estado Liberal, passando pelo Estado Democrático de Direito e pelo chamado Estado Pós-social ou Pós-Moderno será possível analisar seu atual estágio de concretização. A hipótese que se formula é a de que a regulação da atividade empresarial constitua ferramenta eficiente para que a função social da empresa seja, efetivamente, realidade. Assim, por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo, com a abordagem teórica e pesquisa bibliográfica, ao final serão expostas possíveis soluções para a concretização da função social da empresa.
UMA ANÁLISE DO FORO POR PRERROGATIVA DE FUNÇÃO NO BRASIL A PARTIR DA AÇÃO PENAL 937 (2015) E DA PEC N-10 (2013)
Authors: Verbicaro Loiane Prado , Rebêlo Thayná Monteiro
Published: December 2018

RESUMO: A pesquisa tem como finalidade estudar o foro por prerrogativa no Brasil, propondo-se a analisar dois caminhos possíveis para implementação de alterações na abrangência do instituto: a Ação Penal nº 937 e a PEC nº 10. Para tanto, a pesquisa centra-se na análise dos dados estatísticos colhidos entre os anos de 2002 a 2016 sobre a atividade do Supremo, publicados no Relatório (2017) Supremo em Números da Fundação Getúlio Vargas Rio de Janeiro (FGV-RIO), bem como, baseia-se no estudo das alterações propostas pela PEC N-10 de 2013, que objetiva restringir a prerrogativa de foro, assim como na Ação Penal Nº 937, que discute a restrição das hipóteses de incidência da prerrogativa de função a partir de um caso concreto. O estudo desenvolveu-se a partir de pesquisa teórica, por intermédio de estudo bibliográfico de abordagem qualitativa.
Subjective Happiness in Slovakia : Reliability and Validity of Measuring Happiness through the Subjective Happiness Scale
Authors: Babinčák Peter
Published: December 2018

The objective of the present research was to assess the possibilities of measuring happiness in Slovakia and verify psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS; LYUBOMIRSKY & LEPPER 1999). Based on a systematic comparison of features of 16 language versions of SHS, satisfactory and interculturally comparable characteristics have been found of the scale, which still does not have a version adapted for the Slovak language environment. Data were collected from 977 respondents (three community samples and four samples of university students) aged 13–75 years. With the use of EFA and CFA, a single-factor structure of SHS was confirmed. SHS showed adequate internal consistency value (α = 0.773) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.615). Convergent validity was verified a) by comparing with another instrument to measure subjective happiness; b) by correlations with subjective well-being and quality of life; c) by correlations with other variables: personality traits, self-esteem, optimism, depression, religiosity, spirituality, family functions, compliance with and internalisation of norms. No significant differences in SHS values on the basis of gender, religion, and education were detected. It can be concluded that the short four-item scale which was used has satisfactory psychometric properties and offers opportunities for the rapid assessment of subjective happiness.
Optimism, Social Intelligence and Positive Affect as Predictors of University Students’ Life Satisfaction
Authors: Rezaei Akbar , Khosroshahi Jafar Bahadori
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between optimism, social intelligence, and positive affect with students’ life satisfaction. The sample included 332 students of humanities sciences (213 females and 119 males) from Payame Noor University–Tabriz branch, who were randomly selected using stratified and multiple-stage cluster sampling. Extended Life Orientation questionnaire, Tromso Social Intelligence questionnaire, Positive affect and life satisfaction scales were used as data collection instruments and the data were analysed by Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a positive and meaningful correlation between social information processing, social skills, optimism, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis also indicated the direct effect of social information processing and social skills on life satisfaction that later disappeared when optimism and positive affect were introduced in the second step. In the final model, only measures of optimism and positive affect were statistically meaningful. Therefore, social intelligence and positive affect promote (past tense?) life satisfaction in university students.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) Method for Quantification of Asiaticoside from Centella asiatica L. and its Marketed Formulation
Authors: Patel Lisa J , Raval Manan A , Patel Samir G , Patel Archita J
Published: December 2018

Background: Ayurvedic medicines help in healing disease with fewer undesirable effects in comparison with an allopathic system of medicine to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders, as the latter is more expensive. Centella asiatica L. is often used in Ayurvedic formulations for the treatment of CNS disorders. Objective: A stability test using an HPTLC method for the estimation of an important marker asiaticoside (ASI) from C. asiatica powder and marketed formulation was developed. Methods: The marker compound ASI from plant powders and marketed formulations were resolved using toluene–ethyl acetate–methanol–glacial acetic acid (2+7+3+1, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase and then was derivatized. The plant powder and marketed formulation were also subjected to stability studies. Results: The Rf value of ASI was found in range of 0.43–0.47 for the standard ASI, plant powder, and marketed formulation. It was found that the plant powder and formulation exhibited first-order degradation kinetics. Conclusions: The contents of ASI in the formulation (Churna) and its flow characters reduced at the end of the 6 months during an accelerated stability study. The developed method can be used to quantify ASI in the presence of its degradation products. Highlights: The developed method helps in determining batch to batch variation in the content of ASI in herbal formulations.
Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Al-Qaderi Ayah , Mansour Ahmad T.
Published: December 2018

First described in 2003 as epithelioid-sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma and later in 2011 as pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, this rare vascular tumor is of intermediate malignant potential. It was officially included for the first time in the most recent World Health Organization's Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. It typically affects young adults with a predilection for the distal lower extremity. This tumor lacks morphologic features of vascular differentiation but shows unequivocal evidence of such differentiation with the use of relevant immunohistochemical stains such as FLI1, ERG, and CD31. Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma can be diagnostically challenging and might be confused with other tumors, such as epithelioid sarcoma. In this review we discuss the clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features of this tumor with particular emphasis on the differential diagnosis. Salient molecular and prognostic features are also reviewed.
External Quality Assurance of Platelet Function Assays: Results of the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Program
Authors: Chandler Wayne L. , Brown Alan F. , Chen Dong , Moser Karen , Olson John D. , Pham Huy Phu , Smock Kristi J. , Volod Oksana , Higgins Russell A.
Published: December 2018

Context.—

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) developed proficiency testing for platelet function assays by using blood collected by the participant added to challenge tubes containing either saline (normal) or tirofiban (abnormal).

Objective.—

To analyze platelet function proficiency testing for Platelet Function Analyzer PFA-100, platelet aggregation, PlateletWorks, and PlateletMapping.

Design.—

Proficiency testing data from 2012–2016 were analyzed.

Results.—

For PFA-100, a total of 1200 laboratories participated; the coefficient variation (CV) of cartridge closure times was 22% (saline); 44,952 of 45,616 survey responses (99%) provided an interpretation, and 42,934 of 44,952 (96%) were correct. For optical platelet aggregation, 190 laboratories participated; the CV was 17% (saline), 7444 of 7813 survey responses (95%) provided an interpretation, and 7015 of 7444 (94%) were correct. For PlateletWorks, 60 laboratories participated; the CV was 3% to 11% (saline); 2412 of 2454 survey responses (98%) provided an interpretation, and 1207 of 1276 (95%) were correct for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and 936 of 1136 (82%) for collagen. For PlateletMapping, 200 laboratories participated. For ADP, 1128 of 2697 survey responses (42%) provided an interpretation, but only 927 of 1128 (82%) were correct. For arachidonic acid, 1139 of 2604 survey responses (44%) provided an interpretation and 964 of 1139 (85%) were correct.

Conclusions.—

CAP is the first to provide proficiency testing for platelet aggregation, PlateletWorks, and PlateletMapping. Platelet aggregation, PFA-100, and PlateletWorks using ADP as an agonist performed well with more than 90% of laboratories providing an interpretation and a similar number providing correct results. PlateletWorks using collagen and PlateletMapping showed worse interpretive accuracy than the other methods.
Gestante adolescente e seu sentimento acerca do apoio familiar
Authors: Nunes Giovana De Pires , Sena Francielle Garcia , Costa Carolina Coutinho , Kerber Nalu Pereira da Costa , Zanchi Mariza , Gonçalves Carla Vitola
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: identificar o sentimento em relação às principais fontes de apoio para mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação na adolescência. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido em município do sul do Brasil. Participaram mulheres com idade entre 10 e 19 anos que tiveram filho no ano de 2010, excluindo aquelas com óbito fetal, não resididentes no município ou não eram responsáveis pela criação do filho. Realizada entrevista individual e utilizada a análise de conteúdo, constituindo as categorias: relação entre situação conjugal e apoio paterno e relação entre a reação familiar à gestação e o apoio recebido. Resultados: a participação e apoio dos pais dos bebês e da figura materna no contexto da gravidez na adolescência, pareceu primordial no enfrentamento da situação de tornar-se mãe. Conclusão: entender como as adolescentes se sentem apoiadas diante de uma gestação pode contribuir para as políticas públicas e processos de trabalho direcionados às suas necessidades.
Influência da precarização no processo de trabalho e na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem
Authors: Pimenta Gabriela Ferreira , Perez Junior Eugenio Fuentes , Pires Ariane Da Silva , Gomes Helena Ferraz , Thiengo Priscila Cristina da Silva , Paula Vanessa Galdino de
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: descrever a influência da precarização no processo de trabalho e na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado em um hospital universitário. Participaram 21 trabalhadores de enfermagem. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, e os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias denominadas a influência da precarização no processo de trabalho, caracterizada pela falta de insumos e recursos humanos com consequente queda na qualidade do serviço; e as repercussões da precarização na saúde do trabalhador, acarretando em desgaste físico e psíquico ao trabalhador Conclusão: há necessidade de sensibilização dos gestores institucionais no que se refere à precarização do processo de trabalho de enfermagem, tendo por base a saúde do trabalhador e a garantia de uma qualidade da assistência de enfermagem.
Quais lutas sindicais são possíveis contra os danos à saúde dos trabalhadores qualificados?
Authors: Goussard Lucie
Published: December 2018

Nos últimos quinze anos, a saúde no trabalho tem recebido atenção constante no debate social francês, particularmente após a cobertura da mídia sobre suicídios que ocorreram em grandes empresas como Renault, EDF, France Telecom e La Poste. Neste contexto, os atores sindicais são mais do que nunca interpelados sobre estas questões: eles não são apenas levados a negociar acordos sobre o tema, a debater nas instâncias representativas das categorias profissionais e a construir ações dentro de suas próprias organizações, mas também são chamados a responder, em um nível mais local, às crescentes demandas dos trabalhadores que enfrentam problemas de saúde relacionados ao seu trabalho. Este artigo propõe-se a examinar suas ações nessa área, com base em uma pesquisa realizada desde 2012 em um centro de pesquisa industrial. Para dar conta de sua história, suas práticas e experiências, são mobilizadas cerca de vinte entrevistas com representantes dos trabalhadores pertencentes a várias organizações, uma dúzia de entrevistas com membros da equipe de direção, médicos do trabalho, membros de departamentos de RH, funcionários e observações diretas das reuniões do Comitê de Empresa (CE).
Domains of similarity and attraction in three types of relationships
Authors: Treger Stanislav , Masciale James N.
Published: December 2018

For decades, social scientists have observed that people greatly desire a partner who is similar to themselves. Less is known, however, about whether particular similarity domains (e.g., music preferences) may uniquely influence relationship formation. We address this gap by examining people’s preferences for 18 similarity domains in three types of relationships: friendships, casual/short-term, and long-term. The most important similarity domains, across the three relationship types, were political views, career goals, food preferences, travel desires, and music preferences. General similarity was most important in long-term rather than in friendships and casual/short-term relationships, with the latter two relationship types not differing from one another. This pattern emerged for all similarity domains with four exceptions: preferences for books, video games, computer brands, and cell phone brands. No sex differences emerged in similarity domains except in preferences in video games and brands of cell phones and computers. Men rated these domains to be more important than did women. All three of these differences were of relatively small effect size. We tie this work into the larger body of research on similarity and preferences for partner traits.
Contributions of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to the study of numerical cognition
Authors: Matejko Anna A. , Ansari Daniel
Published: December 2018

Using neuroimaging as a lens through which to understand numerical and mathematical cognition has provided both a different and complementary level of analysis to the broader behavioural literature. In particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has contributed to our understanding of numerical and mathematical processing by testing and expanding existing psychological theories, creating novel hypotheses, and providing converging evidence with behavioural findings. There now exist several examples where fMRI has provided unique insights into the cognitive underpinnings of basic number processing, arithmetic, and higher-level mathematics. In this review, we discuss how fMRI has contributed to five critical questions in the field including: 1) the relationship between symbolic and nonsymbolic processing; 2) whether arithmetic skills are rooted in an understanding of basic numerical concepts; 3) the role of arithmetic strategies in the development of arithmetic skills; 4) whether basic numerical concepts scaffold higher-level mathematical skills; and 5) the neurobiological origins of developmental dyscalculia. In each of these areas, we review how the fMRI literature has both complemented and pushed the boundaries of our knowledge on these central theoretical issues. Finally, we discuss limitations of current approaches and future directions that will hopefully lead to even greater contributions of neuroimaging to our understanding of numerical cognition.
Documenting sociopolitical development via participatory action research (PAR) with women of color student activists in the neoliberal university
Authors: Fernández Jesica Siham , Gaston Jasmyne Y. , Nguyen Madeline , Rovaris Jaia , Robinson Rhyann L. , Aguilar Danielle N.
Published: December 2018

Political activism attests to the sociopolitical development and agency of young people. Yet the literature sparingly engages the intersectional subjectivities that inform the sociopolitical development of young people, especially women of color. Important questions remain in the theorizing of sociopolitical development among youth engaged in political activism within higher education settings. Thus, we focus on the following question: What experiences informed or catalyzed the sociopolitical development of women of color student activists within a racialized neoliberal university in the United States? In addressing this question we demonstrate how student-led participatory action research (PAR) within the neoliberal university can facilitate and support sociopolitical development. Of most value, this paper demonstrates how PAR can be used as a tool to support the intersectional sociopolitical development of student activists organizing within racialized neoliberal settings of higher education that threaten the academic thriving and overall wellbeing of students of color, specifically women of color. Sociopolitical development theorizing must engage elements of relational healing as a dimension of wellbeing. Therefore, our work contributes to these conversations by centering the experiences of women of color student activists.
Politics and activism in the water and sanitation wars in South Africa
Authors: Barnes Brendon R.
Published: December 2018

This paper focuses on the ways in which activism is undermined in the water and sanitation wars in South Africa. The paper extends previous work that has focused on the politics of water and sanitation in South Africa and is based on an analysis of talk between activists and stakeholders in a television debate. It attempts to make two arguments. First, activists who disrupt powerful discourses of active citizenship struggle to highlight water and sanitation injustices without their actions being individualised and party politicised. Second, in an attempt to claim a space for new social movements, activists paradoxically draw on common sense accounts of race, class, geography, dignity and democracy that may limit activism. The implications for water and sanitation activism and future research are discussed.
A hidden activism and its changing contemporary forms: Mental health service users / survivors mobilising
Authors: Rose Diana
Published: December 2018

This commentary concerns how the organisation of State welfare benefits in the UK have changed over the last 20 years, arguing that this has had harmful, even fatal, consequences for people with disabilities and particularly those with mental distress of psychosocial disabilities. This current situation may be called that of austerity. The paper describes how a ‘hidden activism’ has emerged to contest this situation and explains why it is, and to a degree, must be hidden. I then focus on the discourse of responsibilisation where every citizen must take responsibility for embodying the virtues of the good, working person. To ensure this, unemployment has been framed as a psychological problem and psychologists are now employed to ‘treat’ this problem in order that everybody might enter the world of work. I argue that in current conditions this is not possible for all with mental distress. Engaging then with community psychology, I address the issue of allies and how the absence of attention to mental distress might be remedied by this form of work. I draw on the emerging field of user / survivor-led research in mental health and argue that collaboration with community psychology will not be without problems.
Condition Assessment of Roadway Bridges: From Performance Parameters to Performance Goals
Authors: Limongelli Maria Pina , Chatzi Eleni , Anžlin Andrej
Published: December 2018

Deterioration of bridges due to ageing and higher demands, induced by increased traffic load, require the development of effective maintenance policies and intervention strategies. Such concern should be aimed at ensuring the required levels of safety, while optimally managing the limited economic resources. This approach requires a transversal advance; from the element level, through the system level, all the way to the network level. At the same time intervention prioritisation based on the importance of the system (bridge) inside the network (e.g. highway), or of the single structural element inside the bridge is dependent. The first step in bridge condition assessment is the verification of safety and reliability requirements that is carried out using the traditional prescriptive (deterministic) approach or the current performance- based (probabilistic) approach. A critical issue for efficient management of infrastructures lies in the available knowledge on condition and performance of bridge asset. This information is obtained using a collection of significant Performance Parameters at one or more of the three levels (element, system, and network). Traditional techniques for estimation of Performance Parameters rely on already established visual inspection. However, a more reliable description of the system performance is obtained through Non-Destructive Testing and Structural Health Monitoring. Condition assessment essentially pertains to the check of compliance with Performance Goals and requires the definition and computation of Performance Indicators. They are calculated directly from Performance Parameters or from physical models calibrated using the Performance Parameters collected on the structure. Paper overviews the steps to bridge condition assessment regarding safety and reliability.
Bridge Monitoring with Harmonic Excitation and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Viet Ha , Golinval Jean-Claude , Maas Stefan
Published: December 2018

Principal Component Analysis is used for damage detection in structures excited by harmonic forces. Time responses are directly analysed by Singular Value Decomposition to deduct two dominant Proper Orthogonal Values corresponding to two Proper Orthogonal Modes. Damage index is defined by the concept of subspace angle that a subspace is built from the two Proper Orthogonal Modes. A subspace angle reflects the coherence between two different structural health states. An example is given through the application on a part of a real prestressed concrete bridge in Luxembourg where different damage states were created by cutting a number of prestressed tendons in four scenarios with increasing levels. Results are better by using excitation frequency close to an eigenfrequency of the structure. The technique is convenient for practical application in operational bridge structures.
The Importance of Rehabilitation Treatment in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Talić Teodora , Bućma Tatjana , Pilipović-Spasojević Olivera , Talić Luka
Published: December 2018

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with a slowly progressive course, having an average duration of about 15 years. It is characterized by akinesia/ bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity and postural instability. For the diagnosis of PD at least two of these four characteristics are required. There is a whole spectrum of non-motor symptoms (mood disorders, different levels of cognitive deficit, sleep disorders, fatigue, autonomic dysfunction). The patomorphologic base of PD is a disorder of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic mechanisms, metabolic damages, structural changes (hydrocephalus, tumors) or degenerative processes of presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections or the striatum. Although the pharmacological approach is still essential, more systematic reviews and meta-analysis support the hypothesis on the positive effects of physiotherapy and intensive kinesiotherapy in PD patients. The main rehabilitation method for these patients is kinesiotherapy in its various forms, related to the individual therapeutic target, based on functional limits. Rehabilitation programs contain kinesiotherapeutic procedures for balance, posture, the range of motions- especially rotation of the trunk, strength, elongation, as well as exercise for functionally reduced motion types. The greatest emphasis in the rehabilitation process should be on the re-education of gait, which involves the optimization of initiation, speed, and length of steps. The aim of kinesiotherapy and occupational therapy is to bring the maximum functional independence of the patient and the occurrence of complications to a minimum.In neurodegenerative disorders, all modalities for improving the gait function are essentially a lifelong activity. Therapeutic strategy comes down to the combination of pharmacotherapy and neurorehabilitation methods.
Developmental 'awakening' of primary motor cortex to the sensory consequences of movement
Authors: Dooley James C , Blumberg Mark S
Published: December 2018

Before primary motor cortex (M1) develops its motor functions, it functions like a somatosensory area. Here, by recording from neurons in the forelimb representation of M1 in postnatal day (P) 8–12 rats, we demonstrate a rapid shift in its sensory responses. At P8-10, M1 neurons respond overwhelmingly to feedback from sleep-related twitches of the forelimb, but the same neurons do not respond to wake-related movements. By P12, M1 neurons suddenly respond to wake movements, a transition that results from opening the sensory gate in the external cuneate nucleus. Also at P12, fewer M1 neurons respond to individual twitches, but the full complement of twitch-related feedback observed at P8 is unmasked through local disinhibition. Finally, through P12, M1 sensory responses originate in the deep thalamorecipient layers, not primary somatosensory cortex. These findings demonstrate that M1 initially establishes a sensory framework upon which its later-emerging role in motor control is built.
Cooperative cobinding of synthetic and natural ligands to the nuclear receptor PPARγ
Authors: Shang Jinsai , Brust Richard , Mosure Sarah A , Bass Jared , Munoz-Tello Paola , Lin Hua , Hughes Travis S , Tang Miru , Ge Qingfeng , Kamenekca Theodore M , Kojetin Douglas J
Published: December 2018

Crystal structures of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) have revealed overlapping binding modes for synthetic and natural/endogenous ligands, indicating competition for the orthosteric pocket. Here we show that cobinding of a synthetic ligand to the orthosteric pocket can push natural and endogenous PPARγ ligands (fatty acids) out of the orthosteric pocket towards an alternate ligand-binding site near the functionally important omega (Ω)-loop. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis coupled to quantitative biochemical functional and cellular assays reveal that synthetic ligand and fatty acid cobinding can form a ‘ligand link’ to the Ω-loop and synergistically affect the structure and function of PPARγ. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating ligand binding to nuclear receptors can be more complex than the classical one-for-one orthosteric exchange of a natural or endogenous ligand with a synthetic ligand.
Nytt bibliotek på campus
Authors: Cederborg Eva
Published: December 2018

August 2004. Publisert også i papirutgaven av TROMSØFLAKET, nr. 4, 2004.
SciFinder Scholar – en database med mange muligheter!
Authors: Hansen Sissel Helene
Published: December 2018

Oktober 2004
Ofelaš – UBs nye veiviser
Authors: Longva Leif
Published: December 2018

April 2005. Publisert også i papirutgaven av TROMSØFLAKET, april 2005.
Norske rettskilder på internett
Authors: Stenhaug Bente
Published: December 2018

November 2005. Publisert også i papirutgaven av TROMSØFLAKET, november 2005.
Ofelaš har bursdag
Authors: Magnussen Mona
Published: December 2018

Mai 2006. Publisert også i papirutgaven av TROMSØFLAKET, mai 2006.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online
Authors: Løkse Mariann
Published: December 2018

TROMSØFLAKET NR. 2 - 2002
Ravnetrykk - en skriftserie ved UB
Authors: Salvesen Hege
Published: December 2018

TROMSØFLAKET NR. 8 - 2002
Oxford reference online: 100 bøker i nytt format
Authors: Skancke Bjørn Olav
Published: December 2018

TROMSØFLAKET NR. 13 - 2002
Aviser på universitetsbiblioteket
Authors: Storvestre Bente
Published: December 2018

TROMSØFLAKET NR. 18 - 2002
Factors affecting the distribution and abundance of autumn vagrant New World warblers in northwestern California and southern Oregon
Authors: Ralph C. John , Wolfe Jared D.
Published: December 2018

Birds found outside their typical range, or vagrants, have fascinated naturalists for decades. Despite broad interest in vagrancy, few attempts have been made to statistically examine the explanatory variables potentially responsible for the phenomenon. In this study, we used multiple linear regression to model the occurrence of 28 rare warbler species (family Parulidae) in autumn in northern California and southern Oregon as a function of migration distance, continental population size, distance, and bearing to both closest breeding population and breeding population center. In addition to our predictive model, we used capture data from the California coast to 300 km inland to examine relationships between the presence of vagrant warblers, regional warbler species richness and age class distribution. Our study yielded three important results: (1) vagrancy is strongly correlated with larger North American population size; (2) vagrants are more common at some coastal sites; and (3) where young birds are over-represented, vagrants tend to occur—such as on the coast and at far inland sites. Of the many explanations of rare and vagrant individuals, we feel that the most likely is that these birds represent the ends of the distributions of a normal curve of migration direction, bringing some few migrants to locations out of their normal migratory range as vagrants. We also examine the underrepresented species that, according to our model, are overdue for being recorded in our study area.
Modulation of corticomotor excitability in response to distal focal cooling
Authors: Ansari Yekta , Remaud Anthony , Tremblay François
Published: December 2018

Background

Thermal stimulation has been proposed as a modality to facilitate motor recovery in neurological populations, such as stroke. Recently (Ansari, Remaud & Tremblay, 2018), we showed that application of cold or warm stimuli distally to a single digit produced a variable and short lasting modulation in corticomotor excitability. Here, our goal was to extend these observations to determine whether an increase in stimulation area could elicit more consistent modulation.

Methods

Participants (n = 22) consisted of a subset who participated in our initial study. Participants were asked to come for a second testing session where the thermal protocol was repeated but with extending the stimulation area from single-digit (SD) to multi-digits (MD, four fingers, no thumb). As in the first session, skin temperature and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation were measured at baseline (BL, neutral gel pack at 22 °C), at 1 min during the cooling application (pre-cooled 10 °C gel pack) and 5 and 10 min post-cooling (PC5 and PC10). The analysis combined the data obtained previously with single-SD cooling (Ansari, Remaud & Tremblay, 2018) with those obtained here for MD cooling.

Results

At BL, participants exhibited comparable measures of resting corticomotor excitability between testing sessions. MD cooling induced similar reductions in skin temperature as those recorded with SD cooling with a peak decline at C1 of respectively, −11.0 and −10.3 °C. For MEPs, the primary analysis revealed no main effect attributable to the stimulation area. A secondary analysis of individual responses to MD cooling revealed that half of the participants exhibited delayed MEP facilitation (11/22), while the other half showed delayed inhibition (10/22); which was sustained in the post-cooling phase. More importantly, a correlation between variations in MEP amplitude recorded during the SD cooling session with those recorded in the second session with MD cooling, revealed a very good degree of correspondence between the two at the individual level.

Conclusion

These results indicate that increasing the cooling area in the distal hand, while still eliciting variable responses, did produce more sustained modulation in MEP amplitude in the post-cooling phase. Our results also highlight that responses to cooling in terms of either depression or facilitation of corticomotor excitability tend to be fairly consistent in a given individual with repeated applications.
Taxonomic profile of bacterial communities detected with 16S-rRNA in mature phototrophic and heterotrophic marine biofilms used for aquaculture
Authors: Martínez-Córdova Luis Rafael , Martínez-Porchas Marcel , Vargas-Albores Francisco , Miranda-Baeza Anselmo , Coelho-Emerenciano Mauricio , Porchas-Cornejo Marco Antonio , Cortes-Jacinto Edilmar , Mazorra-Manzano Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2018

Bacterial diversity of phototrophic (PAb) and heterotrophic (Hb) biofilms was studied over time (0, 15 and 30 days of culture) using high throughput sequencing and considering the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial composition in terms of relative abundance and diversity showed slight changes during the trial. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in both biofilms during the experimental period. Chlamidiae-Verrucomicrobia, Bacteriodetes, and Planctomycetes were also abundant phyla in the PAb, whereas Planctomycetes, Bacteriodetes, Actinobacteria, and Chlamydiae were the abundant phyla in the Hb. Of the reads assigned up to species level, a total of 27 heterotrophic and autotrophic species were detected in both biofilms, most of them associated with the metabolism of nitrogenous and sulfurous metabolites and organic matter, and the rest with the structural functions in the biofilm. This is the first time some of these species have been reportedly detected in these biofilms or in the marine environment. Results suggest complex interaction networks in microbial conglomerates formed in biofilms, in which bacterial populations seem to play important metabolic and physiological roles.
Vertical habitat utilization by tagged yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) released in the Revillagigedo Archipelago Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Authors: Aldana-Flores Gabriel , Dreyfus-León Michel , Schaefer Kurt M , Madrid-Vera Juan , Fuller Daniel W , Castillo-Vargamachuca Sergio G
Published: December 2018

A description of vertical habitat use by yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, captured and released with archival tags in the Revillagigedo Archipelago Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, during the 2006–2011 period is given. An analysis was made of internal and ambient temperatures, depth, and time of day registered in 68 archival tags recovered from tuna caught mostly in sets associated with dolphins by Mexican purse-seine vessels. Tuna were classified into 3 age groups (I, II, and III) for analyses. Vertical movements were analyzed by dividing the water column into 10 depth strata. The 3 age groups remained the longest in the uppermost stratum (0–25 m), and their presence began to diminish in subsequent strata, with some occasional visits at >500-m depths. In the >500 m stratum, age group III was the one with the longest time investment with 45 min on average. Presence at different depths throughout the day showed significant differences among age groups (Wald’s test expressed as χ2, P < 0.05). The physiological adaptation of yellowfin tuna to maintain minimal changes in its internal temperature at different depths gives it the advantage to expand its food search to deep zones where temperature oscillates around 5 ºC.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C7 Allylation of Indolines via Sequential C−H and C−C Activation
Authors: Wang Qiuling , Zhi Chang‐Lei , Lu Pei‐Pei , Liu Shuang , Zhu Xinju , Hao Xin‐Qi , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: December 2018

A rhodium‐catalyzed C7 allylation of indolines with vinylcyclopropanes is reported via chelation‐assisted tandem C−H and C−C bond activation under mild conditions. A wide range of substrate proceeds smoothly to provide the allylated products in high yields with good functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies reveal that the rhodacycle species is probably the key intermediate.

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B‐Doping‐Enhanced Stability of Phosphorene/Graphene Heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Jiajie , Gandi Appala Naidu , Gu Mu
Published: December 2018

Two‐dimensional material heterostructures show large surface area and unusual electronic properties, being used in nanoelectronic devices, energy storage devices, and sensors. Doping can improve stability of the heterostructures. Structural and electronic properties of B–doped phosphorene/graphene heterostructures are studied using first‐principles calculations. B doping in phosphorene enhances the interlayer charge transfer from phosphorene to graphene. Importantly, B doping creates strong chemical bonding at the interface, which improves stability of phosphorene/graphene heterostructures. The band gap is opened up to 0.53 eV by B doping.
Dynamic process intensification of binary distillation based on output multiplicity
Authors: Yan Lingqing , Edgar Thomas F. , Baldea Michael
Published: December 2018

Process intensification focuses largely on process and equipment design. Much less emphasis has been placed on operational changes to achieve cost savings and increased efficiency. This article introduces the concept of dynamic intensification, defined as changes to the dynamics, operating strategy and/or control of a process that lead to a substantially more efficient processing path. This idea is illustrated in the context of binary distillation. Output multiplicity properties are exploited to establish a new periodic operating mode based on switching between two auxiliary products, which, on a time‐average basis, is more energy efficient than steady‐state operation. An extensive case study is presented concerning the distillation of a propanol–acetic acid mixture, confirming the theoretical developments. In contrast to previous research (e.g., on cyclic distillation), the present concept has significant advantages as it relies on existing hardware and exploiting system nonlinearity, rather than using specialized equipment operated in a discontinuous fashion. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1162–1172, 2019
Modeling segregation of polydisperse granular materials in developing and transient free‐surface flows
Authors: Deng Zhekai , Umbanhowar Paul B. , Ottino Julio M. , Lueptow Richard M.
Published: December 2018

Predicting segregation and mixing of polydisperse granular materials in industrial processes remains a challenging problem. Here, we extend the application of a general predictive continuum model that captures the effects of segregation, diffusion, and advection in two ways. First, we consider polydisperse segregating flow in developing steady segregation and in developing unsteady segregation. In both cases, several terms in the model that were zero in the previously examined case of fully developed streamwise‐periodic steady segregation in a chute are now non‐zero, which makes application of the model substantially more challenging. Second, we apply the polydisperse approach to density polydisperse materials with the same particle size. Predictions of the model agree quantitatively with experimentally validated discrete element method (DEM) simulations of both size polydisperse and density polydisperse mixtures having uniform, triangular, and log‐normal distributions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 882–893, 2019
Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama
Authors: Smith‐Guzmán Nicole E. , Cooke Richard G.
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The appearance of external auditory exostoses archaeologically has been attributed to aquatic activities in middle latitudes. However, recent clinical research implicates low sea surface temperatures, especially below a threshold of 19°C, as a stronger predictor of ear exostosis development than latitude. Here, we examine the frequency of external auditory exostoses in human remains from nine pre‐Columbian archaeological sites in Panama, representing individuals from a warm, tropical region.

Materials and methods

External auditory exostoses were recorded as present when an abnormal bony growth was observed macroscopically within the ear canal. The presence of exostoses was compared by right and left side, geographical region, sex, and degree of stenosis.

Results

A total of 125 adult individuals made up the observable sample analyzed in this study. Exostoses were observed in seven males and one female. All individuals affected by this pathology were excavated from mortuary contexts along the Gulf of Panama—a region characterized by intense cold water upwelling in the dry season.

Discussion

This study suggests that external auditory exostoses in pre‐Columbian Panama affected individuals involved in habitual aquatic activities in the cold, upwelled waters of the Gulf of Panama. These activities appear to be almost exclusively dominated by male individuals. Ethnohistorical and archaeological records point to marine shell resource acquisition by deep‐water diving as the activity driving exostosis development in pre‐Columbian Panama.
Analysis of anterior and posterior maneuvers to enhance intraconal exposure
Authors: Lemos‐Rodriguez Ana M. , Farzal Zainab , Overton Lewis J. , Rawal Rounak B. , Eftekhari Kian , Sasaki‐Adams Deanna , Ewend Matthew , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , Zanation Adam M.
Published: December 2018

Background

The medial and inferior recti encompass the ideal surgical corridor to approach the intraconal space endonasally. Here, we describe 3 different maneuvers to achieve greater access to orbital contents through an expanded endonasal approach (EEA).

Methods

Four human cadaver heads were dissected bilaterally (n = 8). EEA to the medial intraconal orbit was executed. The following 3 maneuvers were performed: (1) anterior: extraocular muscles control (EOM); (2) posterior: annulus of Zinn (AZ) release; and (3) anterior/posterior combined. Measurements of the inferior and medial rectus corridor at the level of anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) and posterior ethmoidal artery (PEA) and extent of optic nerve and medial rectus visualization was performed before and after each maneuver.

Results

Medial rectus length (MRL) and optic nerve length (ONL) achieved were 1.72 ± 0.28 cm and 0.85 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. Mean caudal‐rostral distances between the rectus muscles at the level of the AEA and PEA were 3.45 ± 0.7 mm and 1.30 ± 0.3 mm, respectively. After EOM control, mean caudal‐rostral distances at the same level were as follows: AEA 4.90 ± 1.15 mm (p = 0.009) and PEA 1.70 ± 0.20 mm (p = 0.016). With AZ release, MRL was 2.20 ± 0.7 cm (p = 0.002) and ONL was 1.30 ± 0.2 cm (p = 0.003), with mean rostral‐caudal distance at the level of AEA at 4.03 ± 0.8 mm (p = 0.16) and PEA at 1.71 ± 0.36 mm (p = 0.039). Mean caudal‐rostral distances achieved with AZ release and EOM control were as follows: AEA 5.6 ± 1.2 mm (p = 0.001) and PEA 2.15 ± 0.4 mm (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Progressive access to the orbital contents is afforded with the 3 delineated maneuvers. The magnitude of access is optimized with the combined maneuver. The actual anterior/posterior location of the target will determine which maneuvers are required.