bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of HPLC and LC–MS/MS assays for the determination of various nonsteroidal anti‐androgens used in the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Suresh P.S. , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: June 2017

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in men. One of the commonly used approaches to treat metastatic prostate cancer was via first‐generation nonsteroidal anti‐androgens (NSAAs), namely flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide and topilutamide. Most prostate cancer patients who are initially responsive develop the most aggressive form of disease called castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Second‐generation NSAA receptor antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide) are emerging as additional new options to treat castration‐resistant prostate cancer. The objective of this work was to review the literature on the bioanalytical methods for the quantification of first‐ and second‐generation NSAA inhibitors in clinical (human plasma) and preclinical (mouse plasma, rat plasma, urine and tissue homogenates etc.) studies along with relevant case studies for some chosen drugs. Based on the review, it was concluded that the published methodologies using either HPLC or LC–MS/MS are well suited for the quantification of NSAA inhibitors in various biological fluids to delineate pharmacokinetic data.
Axial Compression of a Thin Elastic Cylinder: Bounds on the Minimum Energy Scaling Law
Authors: Tobasco Ian
Published: June 2017

We consider the axial compression of a thin elastic cylinder placed about a hard cylindrical core. Treating the core as an obstacle, we prove upper and lower bounds on the minimum energy of the cylinder that depend on its relative thickness and the magnitude of axial compression. We focus exclusively on the setting where the radius of the core is greater than or equal to the natural radius of the cylinder. We consider two cases: the “large mandrel” case, where the radius of the core exceeds that of the cylinder, and the “neutral mandrel” case, where the radii of the core and cylinder are the same. In the large mandrel case, our upper and lower bounds match in their scaling with respect to thickness, compression, and the magnitude of pre‐strain induced by the core. We construct three types of axisymmetric wrinkling patterns whose energy scales as the minimum in different parameter regimes, corresponding to the presence of many wrinkles, few wrinkles, or no wrinkles at all. In the neutral mandrel case, our upper and lower bounds match in a certain regime in which the compression is small as compared to the thickness; in this regime, the minimum energy scales as that of the unbuckled configuration. We achieve these results for both the von Kármán–Donnell model and a geometrically nonlinear model of elasticity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploration of the relationship between use of safety‐seeking behaviours and psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tully Sarah , Wells Adrian , Morrison Anthony P.
Published: June 2017

Safety‐seeking behaviours are responses employed to protect against perceived threat. In relation to anxiety disorders, safety‐seeking behaviours have been implicated in both the formation and maintenance of distress. Several studies have highlighted similar findings in relation to psychosis; however, this literature has not yet been synthesized. This review is, therefore, being conducted in order to synthesize the literature on safety seeking in people with psychosis to increase the understanding of this relationship. A systematic search identified and included 43 studies comprising 2,592 participants, published between 1995 and 2015. The results indicated that people experiencing psychosis commonly respond to their experiences with behavioural and cognitive strategies intended to manage their difficulties. In relation to safety seeking, avoidance, and resistance, there was a pattern that these responses are associated with increased distress and appraisals of threat. The results relating to engagement response styles showed the opposite pattern. These results provide support for cognitive models of safety seeking and psychosis with many of the meta‐analyses reported here showing a clear pattern of association between behavioural responses and distress. However, the results reported within individual studies are mixed. This appears to be particularly true with the response style of distraction, with our analyses unable to clarify this relationship. It is possible that the mixed results could reflect the complexities in defining safety seeking and distinguishing it from coping in this population. The clinical implications of this are discussed.
Long‐term belowground effects of grassland management: the key role of liming
Authors: Heyburn Jemma , McKenzie Paul , Crawley Michael J. , Fornara Dario A.
Published: June 2017

The functioning of human‐managed grassland ecosystems strongly depends on how common management practices will affect grassland “belowground compartment” including soil biogeochemistry and plant roots. Key questions remain about how animal grazing, liming (e.g., the addition of CaCO3 to soils), and nutrient fertilization might affect, in the long‐term, soil nutrient cycling and multiple root traits. Here we focus on a mesotrophic grassland located in Berkshire, UK, where contrasting levels of rabbit grazing, liming, and different inorganic fertilizers have been applied since 1991. We ask how (1) soil nitrogen (N) availability and cycling, (2) total root mass, (3) root mass decomposition, and (4) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) root colonization might respond to 22 years of very different management. We found that liming strongly affected total root mass, root decomposition, root AMF colonization as well as soil N availability and cycling and that these effects were mainly driven by liming‐induced increases in soil pH. Increases in soil pH were associated with significant (1) decreases in root mass, (2) increases in root mass decomposability and in the mineralization of N in decomposing root detritus, and (3) increases in AMF infection. Soil pH was also significantly related to greater N availability (i.e., soil NO3 levels) and to lower δ15N natural abundance, which suggests more efficient N uptake by plants in limed soils as we found in our study. The application of multiple nutrients (N, P, K, Mg) also reduced total root mass, while N‐only fertilization was associated with greater AMF infection. Surprisingly the long‐term impact of grazing was generally weak and not significant on most plant and soil parameters. Despite soil pH affecting most belowground variables, changes in soil pH were not associated with any change in soil C and N stocks. Because liming can improve nutrient cycling (and benefits soil pH and grass yields) without negatively affecting soil C sequestration, we suggest that regular liming applications may provide management solutions for increasing the long‐term sustainability of permanent grassland.
Fentanyl novel derivative‐related deaths
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Centola Carmela , Giorgetti Raffaele
Published: June 2017

Objective

Fentanyl (FEN) is a potent, synthetic narcotic used as an anaesthetic and a pain reliever, but also illegally manufactured. For diversion purpose, it is being steadily modified to produce new analogous compounds and derivatives (FENS), categorised as novel psychoactive substances. While potential FEN abuse is already known, even in the absence of a clear lethal dosage, there is still a shortage of data on its derivatives.

Methods

A literature review of FENS‐related deaths was performed, to better understand potential damage and future perspectives of FEN congeners.

Results

Epidemiological data, pathological findings, administration routes, average concentrations and lethal doses, toxicological issues, trends in misuses, comparison among FENS, and possible explanation for FENS abuse are reviewed and discussed in depth.

Conclusions

This study provides a medical–legal and toxicological assessment of this phenomenon in order to understand the role of illegal fentanyl and its congeners in deaths from FENS overdose.
RNA Activation: A Diamond in the Rough for Genome Engineers
Authors: Vaschetto Luis María
Published: June 2017

The ability to develop efficient and versatile technologies for manipulating gene expression is a fundamental issue both in biotechnology and therapeutics. The endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway which mediates gene silencing was discovered at the end of the 20th century and it is nowadays considered as an essential strategy for knockdown of specific genes and for studying gene function. Remarkably, during the past decade, a RNA‐induced mechanism of gene activation has also been reported. Likewise RNAi, the RNA activation (RNAa) process is also mediated by sequence‐specific double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, and interesting resemblances between both RNA‐based transcriptional mechanisms have been described. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) and related molecules have been used for targeting of genes in species that are as different as nematodes and humans, and similar dsRNA‐induced activation phenomena have also been observed in plants. The aim of this letter is to highlight recent molecular insights into yet unexplored RNAa mechanism and its potential for manipulating transcriptional activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 247–249, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aluminum‐doped Zn1 − xMgxO as transparent conductive oxide of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2‐based solar cell for minimizing surface carrier recombination
Authors: Chantana Jakapan , Kato Takuya , Sugimoto Hiroki , Minemoto Takashi
Published: June 2017

A 19.5%‐efficient Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe)‐based solar cell is obtained by replacing traditional CdS/ZnO buffer layers with Cd0.75Zn0.25S/Zn0.79Mg0.21O buffer layers for increasing short‐circuit current density because band‐gap energies of Cd0.75Zn0.25S and Zn0.79Mg0.21O are wider than those of CdS and ZnO, respectively. This yields the increase in external quantum efficiency in a short wavelength range of approximately 320 to 550 nm. Moreover, difference of conduction band minimum (EC) between Zn1 − xMgxO:Al (transparent conductive oxide, TCO) layer and CIGSSe absorber is optimized by varying [Mg]/([Mg] + [Zn]), x. It is revealed that Zn1 − xMgxO:Al films with [Mg]/([Mg] + [Zn]) in a range of 0.10 to 0.12, enhancing Eg from 3.72 to 3.76 eV, are appropriate as TCO because of their enhanced mobility and decreased carrier density. Addition of 12% Mg into ZnO:Al to form Zn0.88Mg0.12O:Al as TCO layer effectively decreases surface carrier recombination and improves photovoltaic parameters, especially open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. This is the first experimental proof of the concept for optimizing EC difference between TCO and absorber to minimize surface carrier recombination. Ultimately, conversion efficiency (η) of CIGSSe solar cell with alternative Cd0.75Zn0.25S/Zn0.79Mg0.21O/Zn0.88Mg0.12O:Al (TCO) layers is enhanced to 20.6%, owing to control of total EC alignment, which is higher η up to 12.6% relative as compared with the solar cell with traditional CdS/ZnO/ZnO:Al layers.
Oncologists', nurses', and social workers' strategies and barriers to identifying suicide risk in cancer patients
Authors: Granek Leeat , Nakash Ora , Ben‐David Merav , Shapira Shahar , Ariad Samuel
Published: June 2017

Objective

To identify oncologists', nurses', and social workers' strategies and barriers in identifying suicide risk in cancer patients.

Methods

Sixty‐one oncology healthcare professionals (HCPs) at 2 cancer centers were interviewed. We used the grounded theory method (GT) of data collection and analysis. Analysis involved line‐by‐line coding, and was inductive, with codes and categories emerging from participants' narratives.

Results

The majority of oncologists and nurses reported that they had encountered at least 1 patient who had committed suicide during their careers (56% and 55%, respectively) and/or had suicidal ideation (65% and 75%, respectively). Social workers reported having fewer suicides in their practices (22%), but similar rates of suicidal ideation among patients (66%). Strategies to identifying suicide risk included paying attention to patients' verbal indicators, explicit actions, and mental health distress. In addition HCPs reported that mental health disorders and other patient characteristics increased their likelihood to assess suicidality among patients. Reported barriers to identification included patient factors such as patients giving no warning, patients concealing suicidality, and patients failing to come in. HCP barriers to identification included lack of training and awareness, difficulty in differentiating suicidality from mental health distress, lack of time with patients, fear of asking about suicidality, and lack of coping resources to deal with suicidal patients.

Conclusions

HCPs reports of their lack of training and awareness on identifying suicide risk is alarming given the higher risk of suicide among cancer patients. Training programs should incorporate the successful strategies used by HCPs and overcome barriers to identifying suicide risk.
Cancer‐related disease factors and smoking cessation treatment: Analysis of an ongoing clinical trial
Authors: Carroll Allison J. , Veluz‐Wilkins Anna K. , Blazekovic Sonja , Kalhan Ravi , Leone Frank T. , Wileyto E. Paul , Schnoll Robert A. , Hitsman Brian
Published: June 2017

Objective

Smoking cessation treatment should be an important aspect of cancer care. In this study, we evaluated whether cancer‐related disease factors adversely influence smoking cessation treatment.

Methods

Smokers with cancer (within 5 years of diagnosis, any tumor site) were recruited for an ongoing trial of varenicline for smoking cessation. Disease factors, assessed at baseline, included tumor site, cancer treatment, time since diagnosis, and health‐related quality of life. Medication adherence was defined by 132 of 165 pills taken and counseling adherence was defined by 4 of 4 behavioral counseling sessions attended. Abstinence was bioverified at Week 12. Using logistic regression analysis, we assessed the relationship between disease factors and 12‐week medication adherence, counseling adherence, and abstinence.

Results

Of 144 participants, 56% were medication adherent, 74% were counseling adherent, and 39% were abstinent. Health‐related quality of life predicted medication adherence (OR: 1.08, 95% CI, 1.01‐1.16, P = .019, d = 0.20) but not counseling adherence or 12‐week abstinence. Tumor site, cancer treatment, and time since diagnosis did not predict any smoking cessation treatment outcomes.

Conclusions

Cancer‐related disease factors did not predict cancer survivors' engagement or success in smoking cessation treatment. Findings support National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice guidelines that recommend smoking cessation treatment for all smokers with cancer, regardless of time since diagnosis.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as One‐Dimensional Template for CdS Nanoparticles Growth
Authors: Pérez‐Luna Verónica , Oros‐Ruiz Socorro , Pérez Elías , Quintana Mildred
Published: June 2017

In the present work is demonstrated that single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are excellent one‐dimensional (1D) structures for the growth and stabilization of CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs) in dispersions. For this, we have synthesized colloidal CdS NPs owning different diameters (from 2 to 5.5 nm). Then, the surface modification of NPs by using nonylphenol as capping agent was evaluated. The modification of CdS NPs resulted in a crystal rearrangement for all the NP sizes to NPs of approximately 2 nm of diameter showing an enhanced photoluminescence signal at 415 nm. Following the same experimental procedure, CdS NPs directly grown on SWCNTs (CdSNPs@SWCNTs) show absorption and photoluminescence properties similar to those of already passivated NPs with nonylphenol, in consequence the addition of a better capping agent did not affect the optical properties of as‐synthesized CdSNPs@SWCNTs. Our experimental results demonstrate that SWCNTs are excellent 1D templates for the growth and stabilization of CdS NPs allowing to combine the optical tunable properties of NPs with the outstanding electronic properties of SWCNTs. This facile low cost methodology provides a successful strategy for the development of applications in a large range of fields including heterogeneous catalysis, optoelectronic and photoelectronic devices.
Paralog-Divergent Features May Help Reduce Off-Target Effects of Drugs: Hints from Glucagon Subfamily Analysis
Authors: Sa Zhining , Zhou Jingqi , Zou Yangyun , Su Zhixi , Gu Xun
Published: June 2017

Side effects from targeted drugs remain a serious concern. One reason is the nonselective binding of a drug to unintended proteins such as its paralogs, which are highly homologous in sequences and have similar structures and drug-binding pockets. To identify targetable differences between paralogs, we analyzed two types (type-I and type-II) of functional divergence between two paralogs in the known target protein receptor family G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the amino acid level. Paralogous protein receptors in glucagon-like subfamily, glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), exhibit divergence in ligands and are clinically validated drug targets for type 2 diabetes. Our data showed that type-II amino acids were significantly enriched in the binding sites of antagonist MK-0893 to GCGR, which had a radical shift in physicochemical properties between GCGR and GLP-1R. We also examined the role of type-I amino acids between GCGR and GLP-1R. The divergent features between GCGR and GLP-1R paralogs may be helpful in their discrimination, thus enabling the identification of binding sites to reduce undesirable side effects and increase the target specificity of drugs.
A Dictionary of Literary Symbols
Authors: Ferber Michael
Published: June 2017

This is an expansion of the first dictionary of symbols to be based on literature, rather than on 'universal' psychological archetypes or myths. It explains and illustrates the literary symbols that we frequently encounter (such as swan, rose, moon, gold) and gives thousands of cross-references and quotations. The dictionary concentrates on English literature, but its entries range widely from the Bible and classical authors to the twentieth century, taking in American and European literatures. For this third edition, Michael Ferber has included some twenty completely new entries (such as birch, childbirth, grove, mill and railroad) and has added to many of the existing entries. Its rich references make this book an essential tool not only for literary and classical scholars but also for all students of literature.
Preliminary aerodynamic design methodology for aero engine lean direct injection combustors
Authors: Li J. , Sun X. , Liu Y. , Sethi V.
Published: June 2017

The Lean Direct Injection (LDI) combustor is one of the low-emissions combustors with great potential in aero-engine applications, especially those with high overall pressure ratio. A preliminary design tool providing basic combustor sizing information and qualitative assessment of performance and emission characteristics of the LDI combustor within a short period of time will be of great value to designers. In this research, the methodology of preliminary aerodynamic design for a second-generation LDI (LDI-2) combustor was explored. A computer code was developed based on this method covering the design of air distribution, combustor sizing, diffuser, dilution holes and swirlers. The NASA correlations for NOxemissions are also embedded in the program in order to estimate the NOx production of the designed LDI combustor. A case study was carried out through the design of an LDI-2 combustor named as CULDI2015 and the comparison with an existing rich-burn, quick-quench, lean-burn combustor operating at identical conditions. It is discovered that the LDI combustor could potentially achieve a reduction in liner length and NOxemissions by 18% and 67%, respectively. A sensitivity study on parameters such as equivalence ratio, dome and passage velocity and fuel staging is performed to investigate the effect of design uncertainties on both preliminary design results and NOxproduction. A summary on the variation of design parameters and their impact is presented. The developed tool is proved to be valuable to preliminarily evaluate the LDI combustor performance and NOxemission at the early design stage.
Experimental investigation of the onset of sand deposits on Hastelloy-X between 1,000°C and 1,100°C
Authors: Boulanger A. , Hutchinson J. , Ng W.F. , Ekkad S.V. , Keefe M.J. , Xu W. , Barker B. , Hsu K.
Published: June 2017

Deposit formation on turbine hardware in propulsion turbine engines can occur in many arid regions globally. Characterising crystalline deposits on metallic substrates can aid in component resilience and health monitor algorithms during particle ingestion. This study has developed two statistical empirical models for prediction from acquired experimental data for the onset of deposits. The prediction models are for crystalline particulate (Arizona Road Test Dust) deposits on a flat rectangular Hastelloy-X test coupon. Particle impingement angles varied between 20° and 80° in experimental flow temperatures of 1,000–1,100°C. Averaged deposits are methodically quantified through normalised particle deposit tallies per area and percent coverage of the surface using microscopic imaging and image processing programs. Deposit accumulation is a quadratic function of both near-surface coupon temperature and coupon angle.
Shock transformation and hysteresis in underexpanded confined jets
Authors: Arun Kumar R. , Rajesh G.
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the shock transformation in an underexpanded jet in a confined duct when the jet total pressure is increased. Experimental study reveals that the Mach reflection (MR) in the fully underexpanded jet transforms to a regular reflection (RR) at a certain jet total pressure. It is observed that neither the incident shock angle nor the upstream Mach number varies during the MR–RR shock transformation. This is in contradiction to the classical MR–RR transformations in internal flow over wedges and in underexpanded open jets. This transformation is found to be a total pressure variation induced transformation, which is a new kind of shock transformation. The present study also reveals that the critical jet total pressures for MR–RR and RR–MR transformations are not the same when the primary pressure is increasing and decreasing, suggesting a hysteresis in the shock transformations.
Synthetic jet generation by high-frequency cavitation
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Milad , Gonzalez-Avila Silvestre Roberto , Liu Kun , Wang Qi Jie , Ohl Claus-Dieter
Published: June 2017

Cavitation bubbles are nucleated at a high repetition rate in water by delivering a pulsed laser through a fibre optic. Continuous high-frequency cavitation drives a stream away from the fibre tip. Using high-speed photography and particle image velocimetry, the stream is characterised as a synthetic jet, generated by trains of vortices induced by non-spherical bubble collapse. At low laser power, the bubbles collapse before the arrival of a subsequent laser pulse. Yet, by increasing the laser power, a system of bubbles is formed which leads to complex bubble–bubble interactions. The synthetic jet is observed regardless of the bubble formation regime, demonstrating the stability of the phenomenon. Synthetic jet generation by repetitive bubble collapse extends the well-studied acoustic streaming from small-amplitude bubble oscillations.
In A Deepening Light: Musica nova Helsinki 2017
Authors: Supponen Lauri
Published: June 2017

As the audience's rustling quietens along with the memories of everyday pulses, ethereal sounds appear. We are at Helsinki's iconic Rock Church, on the eighth night of the biennial Musica nova festival for contemporary music. The Helsinki Chamber Choir sound the first, lingering lines of György Ligeti's Lux Aeterna from the balcony, behind the audience. The peculiar acoustics give the illusion that the choir is hidden in between the crevasses and cracks of the stone wall in front. The listener is surrounded. Marvellously kept together by Nils Schweckendiek, the singers transform the colour of their voices into sine-tones and oboes in a strangely soothing way. This rendition now somewhat more present than the night before, when the choir echoed the same micropolyphonic lines across the aula of the Kiasma art museum. There the cool distance of the work really spoke in a mesmerising way, with an unreachable caress.
EPISTEMOLOGY OF TONE: AN OBITUARY FOR JULIEN JALÂL ED-DINE WEISS
Authors: Pohlit Stefan
Published: June 2017

During the 1980s, Julien Jalâl Ed-Dine Weiss, founder of the Al-Kindi ensemble of Aleppo, invented a qānūn in just intonation with which he attempted to solve a major discrepancy between the theory and practice of maqām-scales. Weiss objected to the introduction of Western standards, observing that they distort the significance of interval ratios and prevent a comparative understanding of the modal system as a transnational phenomenon. In the twentieth century, the implementation of equal-semitone temperament emerged simultaneously with a notable invasion of sociological criteria into musical inquiry. The polarity observed between westernisation and tradition can be seen most visibly in the present search for identity amongst Middle- and Near-Eastern musicians, but this schismogenic process can also be observed in the history of the Western avant-garde, where microtonal explorations have been halted in favour of extra-musical conceptuality. While cross-cultural musicians are faced with a new climate of distrust, it seems most likely that the principles that draw us apart may originate in the very patterns of thought in which our notion of culture operates. Weiss's tuning system may serve as a helpful tool to foster a new and universal epistemology of tone, bridging and transcending the apparent contradictions between the two spheres.
The Use of Models as Written Corrective Feedback in English as a Foreign Language (EFL)Writing
Authors: García Mayo María del Pilar , Labandibar Udane Loidi
Published: June 2017

The language learning potential of writing has been an underresearched topic in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. The present study investigates what Basque-Spanish EFL teenage learners (n = 60) notice when writing a composition in response to visual stimuli in a three-stage writing task including output, comparison, and delayed revision. The present study also explores how this noticing and feedback processing affects their subsequent revisions. The findings revealed that participants noticed mainly lexical problems, although they also paid attention to content features. Moreover, more proficient learners and guided learners noticed more features. A qualitative analysis of the results indicated that, overall, learners had a negative attitude toward writing and modeling, but those with more positive beliefs incorporated more items in subsequent revisions. A number of implications for research and pedagogy will be discussed.
Web MCA-based Decision Support System for Incident Situations in Maritime Traffic: Case Study of Adriatic Sea
Authors: Mladineo Nenad , Mladineo Marko , Knezic Snjezana
Published: June 2017

This paper describes a Multi-Criteria-Analysis (MCA)-based Decision Support System (DSS) developed for the management of incidents in maritime traffic. The developed DSS helps to organise a large quantity of information related to emergency management, spatial data and “live” data (radar data, weather forecasting data), to make it available to decision makers in a comprehensible and user-friendly way. Special care has been taken to model human Decision-Making (DM) processes during incident situations. Since the DM process is always multi-criterial, a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method called Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is used. However, a simplified variation of PROMETHEE II has been utilised to make results more understandable to non-expert users. The aim of this research is to incorporate effective DSS in human DM processes, thus reducing the possibility of making poor decisions. The concept of Web MCA-based DSS is presented as a case study: Web DSS developed for the east coast of the Adriatic Sea.
Agricultural water allocation efficiency in a developing country canal irrigation system
Authors: Akram Agha Ali , Mendelsohn Robert
Published: June 2017

There is ample evidence that canal systems often fail to reach their design capacity. This study argues that inefficient allocation of water within canals is one cause. This study collects precise measures of farm-level water withdrawals using flow meters in a canal in Pakistan. These data reveal that farmers near the head of the canal get more canal water than farmers near the tail, even accounting for conveyance efficiency. The results suggest that improvements in canal water management would yield efficiency gains for the canal.
WEALTH INEQUALITY, ORr–g, IN THE ECONOMIC GROWTH MODEL
Authors: Hiraguchi Ryoji
Published: June 2017

I investigate a simple continuous-time overlapping generations model with a neoclassical production function. I demonstrate that the degree of wealth inequality is positively related to the difference between the real interest raterand the growth rate of incomeg, and ifgfalls, ther – ggap widens and inequality worsens. I also argue that a wealth tax reduces the wealth inequality. All these results are consistent with the famous predictions advanced by Thomas Piketty inCapital in the Twenty-First Century(2014).
Who Supports Suicide Terrorism in Bangladesh? What the Data Say
Authors: Fair C. Christine , Hamza Ali , Heller Rebecca
Published: June 2017

Bangladesh, one of the world's largest Muslim countries, is generally viewed as a success story with a strong tradition of secular democracy. Unfortunately, this assertion rests on a weak empirical foundation. Since becoming independent from Pakistan in 1971, democracy and secularism have been consistently undermined. Moreover, since 2000 Bangladesh has experienced more than 100 incidents of Islamist terrorism. More recently, the Islamic State and Al-Qaeda Indian Subcontinent have assaulted religious and ethnic minorities as well as secular and liberal activists. While these turns of events are alarming, Islamist militancy in Bangladesh remains understudied. In this article, we address this lacuna by undertaking regression analysis of recent Pew Research Center survey data to exposit the determinants of popular support of Islamist terrorism. With this study, we hope other scholars will be motivated to turn their attention to this increasingly important state.
Numerical Congruency Effect in the Sentence-Picture Verification	Task
Authors: Šetić Mia , Domijan Dražen
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In two experiments, we showed that irrelevant numerical information influenced the speed of sentence-picture verification. Participants were asked to verify whether the concept mentioned in a sentence matched the object presented in a subsequent picture. Concurrently, the number word attached to the concept in the sentence and the quantity of objects presented in the picture were manipulated (numerical congruency). The number of objects varied from one to four. In Experiment 1, participants read statements such as three dogs. In Experiment 2, they read sentences such as three dogs were wandering in the street. In both experiments, the verification speed revealed the interaction between response and numerical congruency. The verification times for concept-object match were faster when there was also numerical congruence (compared with incongruence) between the number word and quantity. On the other hand, there was no difference between numerical congruence and incongruence when the concept and object mismatched. The results are interpreted as evidence for the symbol grounding of number words in perceptual representation of small quantities, that is, quantities falling in the subitization range.
Oxidative stress induced by UVA photoactivation of the tryptophan UVB photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) inhibits nucleotide excision repair in human cells
Authors: Brem Reto , Macpherson Peter , Guven Melisa , Karran Peter
Published: June 2017

Potentially mutagenic DNA lesions induced by UVB (wavelengths 280–320 nm) are important risk factors for solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin cancer. The carcinogenicity of the more abundant UVA (320–400 nm) is less well understood but is generally regarded to reflect its interaction with cellular chromophores that act as photosensitisers. The arylhydrocarbon receptor agonist 6-formylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ), is a UVB photoproduct of tryptophan and a powerful UVA chromophore. Combined with UVA, FICZ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces oxidative DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that ROS generated by FICZ/UVA combinations also cause extensive protein damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes. We show that FICZ/UVA-induced oxidation significantly inhibits the removal of potentially mutagenic UVB-induced DNA photolesions by nucleotide excision repair (NER). DNA repair inhibition is due to FICZ/UVA-induced oxidation damage to the NER proteome and DNA excision repair is impaired in extracts prepared from FICZ/UVA-treated cells. NER protects against skin cancer. As a likely UVB photoproduct of intracellular tryptophan, FICZ represents a de facto endogenous UVA photosensitiser in sun-exposed skin. FICZ formation may increase the risk of solar UV-induced skin cancer by promoting photochemical damage to the NER proteome and thereby preventing the removal of UVB-induced DNA lesions.
Parameterization of a coarse-grained model with short-ranged interactions for modeling fuel cell membranes with controlled water uptake
Authors: Lu Jibao , Miller Chance , Molinero Valeria
Published: June 2017

The coarse-grained model FFpvap reproduces the experimental activity coefficient of water in tetramethylammonium chloride solutions over a wide range of concentrations, with a hundred-fold gain in computing efficiency with respect to atomistic models.
How to make inert boron nitride nanosheets active for the immobilization of polysulfides for lithium–sulfur batteries: a computational study
Authors: Zhao Yuming , Yang Le , Zhao Jingxiang , Cai Qinghhai , Jin Peng
Published: June 2017

The heteroatom doping can greatly improve the anchoring effects of BN nanosheets for Li–S batteries.
Kinetic differences in the intercalation of linear and cyclic penta(ethylene oxide)s into graphite oxide leading to separation by topology
Authors: Barroso-Bujans Fabienne , Alegria Angel
Published: June 2017

Intercalation kinetics in graphite oxide is critically dependent on the molecular topology.
Exonuclease III-aided autonomous cascade signal amplification: a facile and universal DNA biosensing platform for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of S. typhimurium
Authors: Pei Qianqian , Wang Yu , Liu Su , Qin Yifei , Leng Xueqi , Cui Xuejun , Huang Jiadong
Published: June 2017

A novel electrochemical biosensor based on exonuclease III-aided autonomous cascade signal amplification for the ultrasensitive and highly specific detection of S. typhimurium.
Six‐channel diplexer with compact size and high isolation
Authors: Li Qun , Zhang Yonghong
Published: June 2017

A six‐channel microstrip diplexer with compact size and high isolation is presented. The six‐channel diplexer includes two pairs of multimode resonators with a pseudo‐interdigital structure and a distributed coupling feeding line. Modal characteristics of the multimode resonator are explained by the even‐odd‐mode method. The centre frequencies of channel filters can be controlled independently, while bandwidths can be determined by the coupling coefficient and external quality factor. The distributed coupling feeding line has advantages of size reduction and small loading effect. Therefore, each channel filter can be designed independently. Moreover, the distributed coupling feeding line forms the zero degree feeding structure which can bring transmission zeros to realise high isolation. Finally, a six‐channel diplexer prototype working at the centre frequencies of 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.8, 4.7 and 5.8 GHz with over 30 dB isolation is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show a good agreement.
UV‐activated room temperature single‐sheet ZnO gas sensor
Authors: Meng Fanli , Zheng Hanxiong , Sun Yufeng , Li Minqiang , Liu Jinhuai
Published: June 2017

Room temperature sensor is a research hot for metal–oxide gas sensors. However, electron activation is a bottleneck to improve sensitivity for room temperature sensors. Here, an ultraviolet (UV)‐activated gas sensor based on a single‐sheet porous single‐crystalline (PSC) zinc oxide (ZnO) sheet has been fabricated instead of heating activation, which works at room temperature. The PSC ZnO nanosheets were first prepared by a one‐pot wet‐chemical method. Then, the precursors were annealed for 2 h in air to obtain the PSC ZnO nanosheets. They were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectrum. Finally, the single‐sheet ZnO gas sensors were fabricated by focused ion beam technology, which exhibited good responses to 1–300 ppm of ethanol. The single‐sheet ZnO UV‐activated sensing mechanism was also put forward to explain the excellent sensing property.
Zur Therapie mit Nosoden
Authors: Carstens V.
Published: June 2017

Es wird eine chronische Dermatose beschrieben, die an der See stets völlig abklang und deshalb mit Medorrhinum behandelt wurde, sowie der Fall einer Ornithose, die durch die entsprechende Nosode geheilt werden konnte, obwohl die Infektion schon 10 Jahre zurücklag. Die Fälle sollen erneut auf die Möglichkeiten der Therapie mit Nosoden hinweisen.
Der miasmatische Hintergrund seelischer Fehlhaltungen
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

Die Heilung der Krankheiten des Geistes und Gemüts ist nicht nur theoretisch möglich, sondern auch praktisch nachweisbar. Diese gehören damit nicht nur nach den Erkenntnissen Hahnemanns, sondern auch nach unseren Erfahrungen zu den chronischen Krankheiten und sind damit Folgeerscheinungen einer sogenannten miasmatischen Verseuchung, eines Urübels. Meist entspricht das gefundene Simile dem Typenbild des Patienten, das ein psorisches (Hyporegulation), sykotisches (Hyperregula-tion) oder ein luetisches (Dysregulation) sein kann, doch stellt diese Feststellung keine conditio sine qua non dar. So hat Hahnemann einen noch wichtigeren Hinweis auf das Simile genannt, nämlich im 153 seines Organon das auffallende, sonderliche, ungewöhnliche und eigenheitliche Symptom. Die Gemüts- und Geisteskrankheiten sind demnach aus dem "Miasma" entstanden, doch ist die Mittelwahl nicht bedingungslos abhängig von der Miasmenzugehörigkeit des Patienten.
Magnetovolume effect in the exchange-enhanced itinerant paramagnet YCo2: Theory and experiment
Authors: Zhuravleva I. P. , Grechnev G. E. , Panfilov A. S. , Lyogenkaya A. A.
Published: June 2017

A detailed theoretical study of the anomalous magnetovolume effect in the exchange-enhanced itinerant paramagnet YCo2 was carried out based on DFT calculations of the electronic structure in an external magnetic field and further complemented with the experimental data on the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility χ under high hydrostatic pressure. The calculations of the magnetic susceptibility and magnetovolume effect dlnχ/dlnV are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data, indicating the proximity of YCo2 to the ferromagnetic instability.
Characterization of linear interfacial waves in a turbulent gas-liquid pipe flow
Authors: Ayati A. A. , Farias P. S. C. , Azevedo L. F. A. , de Paula I. B.
Published: June 2017

The evolution of interfacial waves on a stratified flow was investigated experimentally for air-water flow in a horizontal pipe. Waves were introduced in the liquid level of stratified flow near the pipe entrance using an oscillating plate. The mean height of liquid layer and the fluctuations superimposed on this mean level were captured using high speed cameras. Digital image processing techniques were used to detect instantaneous interfaces along the pipe. The driving signal of the oscillating plate was controlled by a D/A board that was synchronized with acquisitions. This enabled to perform phase-locked acquisitions and to use ensemble average procedures. Thereby, it was possible to measure the temporal and spatial evolution of the disturbances introduced in the flow. In addition, phase-locked measurements of the velocity field in the liquid layer were performed using standard planar Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The velocity fields were extracted at a fixed streamwise location, whereas the measurements of the liquid level were performed at several locations along the pipe. The assessment of the setup was important for validation of the methodology proposed in this work, since it aimed at providing results for further comparisons with theoretical models and numerical simulations. Therefore, the work focuses on validation and characterization of interfacial waves within the linear regime. Results show that under controlled conditions, the wave development can be well captured and reproduced. In addition, linear waves were observed for liquid level oscillations lower than about 1.5% of the pipe diameter. It was not possible to accurately define an amplitude threshold for the appearance of nonlinear effects because it strongly depended on the wave frequency. According to the experimental findings, longer waves display characteristics similar to linear waves, while short ones exhibit a more complex evolution, even for low amplitudes.
Steep waves in free-surface flow past narrow topography
Authors: Wade Stephen L. , Binder Benjamin J. , Mattner Trent W. , Denier James P.
Published: June 2017

In this work, we compute steep forced solitary wave solutions for the problem of free-surface flow over a localised topographic disturbance in an otherwise flat horizontal channel bottom. A single forced solitary wave and a double-crested forced solitary wave solution are shown to exist, both of which approach the Stokes limiting configuration of an included angle of 120° and a stagnation point at the wave crests. The solution space for the topographically forced problem is compared to that found in Wade et al. [“On the free-surface flow of very steep forced solitary waves,” J. Fluid Mech. 739, 1–21 (2014)], who considered forcing due to a localised distribution of pressure applied to the free surface. The main feature that differentiates the two types of forcing is an additional solution that exists in the pressure-forced problem, a steep wave with a cusp at a single wave crest. Our numerical results suggest that this cusped-wave solution does not exist in the topographically forced problem.
Second order Møller-Plesset and coupled cluster singles and doubles methods with complex basis functions for resonances in electron-molecule scattering
Authors: White Alec F. , Epifanovsky Evgeny , McCurdy C. William , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: June 2017

The method of complex basis functions is applied to molecular resonances at correlated levels of theory. Møller-Plesset perturbation theory at second order and equation-of-motion electron attachment coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-EA-CCSD) methods based on a non-Hermitian self-consistent-field reference are used to compute accurate Siegert energies for shape resonances in small molecules including N2−, CO−, CO2−, and CH2O−. Analytic continuation of complex 𝜃-trajectories is used to compute Siegert energies, and the 𝜃-trajectories of energy differences are found to yield more consistent results than those of total energies. The ability of such methods to accurately compute complex potential energy surfaces is investigated, and the possibility of using EOM-EA-CCSD for Feshbach resonances is explored in the context of e-helium scattering.
Metallic superhydrophobic surfaces via thermal sensitization
Authors: Vahabi Hamed , Wang Wei , Popat Ketul C. , Kwon Gibum , Holland Troy B. , Kota Arun K.
Published: June 2017

Superhydrophobic surfaces (i.e., surfaces extremely repellent to water) allow water droplets to bead up and easily roll off from the surface. While a few methods have been developed to fabricate metallic superhydrophobic surfaces, these methods typically involve expensive equipment, environmental hazards, or multi-step processes. In this work, we developed a universal, scalable, solvent-free, one-step methodology based on thermal sensitization to create appropriate surface texture and fabricate metallic superhydrophobic surfaces. To demonstrate the feasibility of our methodology and elucidate the underlying mechanism, we fabricated superhydrophobic surfaces using ferritic (430) and austenitic (316) stainless steels (representative alloys) with roll off angles as low as 4° and 7°, respectively. We envision that our approach will enable the fabrication of superhydrophobic metal alloys for a wide range of civilian and military applications.
Polyurethane induced high breakdown strength and high energy storage density in polyurethane/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite films
Authors: Zheng Ming-Sheng , Zha Jun-Wei , Yang Yu , Han Peng , Hu Chao-He , Wen Yong-Qiang , Dang Zhi-Min
Published: June 2017

A series of composites blending thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were prepared in this work to realize a high energy storage density. Low loading of TPU (<3 vol. %) shows a uniform dispersion state in the PVDF matrix. We demonstrate that the incorporation of TPU induces high breakdown strength which results in promoted energy storage performance. In addition, the influence of the different TPU hardnesses (65, 75, and 85) on the breakdown strength of TPU/PVDF composites was also investigated. Finally, a maximum value up to 537.8 MV/m at 3 vol. % TPU with a hardness of 65 was obtained, which led to a high energy density of 10.36 J/cm3.
A Lorentz force magnetometer based on a piezoelectric-on-silicon square-extensional mode micromechanical resonator
Authors: Ghosh S. , Lee J. E.-Y.
Published: June 2017

In this letter, we present a Lorentz force magnetic field sensor based on a thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon (TPoS) CMOS-compatible resonator for the detection of an out-of-plane (perpendicular to the plane of fabrication) magnetic field. We here exploit the fundamental breathing mode of vibration in a suspended square plate, which is commonly referred to as the square-extensional (SE) mode. The symmetric stress profile of the SE mode avails stresses in the two orthogonal in-plane axes to be effectively coupled into a charge output through the piezoelectric transducers. This in turn enhances the output motional current from the device, which effectively determines the responsivity of the device. In this context, the responsivity has been defined as a ratio of output motional current to the external magnetic field, which has been further normalized against the input reference current of the device. The reported device has recorded a responsivity of 6950 ppm/T (μA/A.T) at a resonant frequency of 5.28 MHz and a reasonable mechanical quality (Q) factor of 1056 in air.