bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow through porous media at the percolation transition
Authors: Residori Mirko , Mandal Suvendu , Voigt Axel , Kurzthaler Christina
Published: February 2025

We study low-Reynolds-number fluid flow through a two-dimensional porous medium modeled as a Lorentz gas. Using extensive finite-element simulations we fully resolve the flow fields for packing fractions approaching the percolation threshold. Near the percolation transition, we find a power-law scaling of the flow rate versus the packing fraction with an exponent of ≈5/2, which was predicted earlier by mapping the macroscopic flow to a discrete flow network [B. I. Halperin , ]. Importantly, we observe a rounding of the scaling behavior at small system sizes, which can be rationalized via a finite-size scaling ansatz. Finally, we show that the distribution of the kinetic energy exhibits a power-law scaling over several decades at small energies, originating from collections of self-similar, viscous eddies in the dead-end channels. Our results lay the foundation for unraveling critical behavior of complex fluids omnipresent in biological and geophysical systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
AI-driven HR transformation in Chinese automotive industry: strategies and implications
Authors: Khushk Amir , Zhiying Liu , Yi Xu , Aman Nasir
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Human resources transformation is an essential concept that significantly changes how organizations manage their personnel in an ever-changing business environment. This research intends to explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to facilitate human resource (HR) transformation in automobile companies in China.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employs qualitative approaches such as interviews and case studies to gain insights and viewpoints from key stakeholders. The interviews were semi-structured and carried out in person, enabling an in-depth investigation of their experiences and perspectives. The duration of each interview ranged from 30 to 40 minutes.

Findings

The study explored three main themes: employee acceptability, career growth and performance, using system thinking theory. The findings highlight the various effects of AI technology on HR changes in automobile businesses. First, AI helps increase employee approval by simplifying activities and improving user experience. Second, it greatly impacts professional advancement by providing tailored learning and skill-building chances. Third, AI integration has a favorable effect on organizational performance indicators such as efficiency, agility and adaptability.

Practical implications

This research's findings significantly contribute to scholars and practitioners engaged in HR reforms. Comprehending the subtle impacts of AI technology on employee acceptability, career advancement and organizational effectiveness helps guide strategic decision-making. Furthermore, these results emphasize the need to connect AI-based HR initiatives with overall corporate goals to enhance impact and efficiency

Originality/value

This research provides new insights into how AI technologies interface with HR transformation. The study offers a thorough understanding of intricate dynamics and identifies new possibilities for using AI in HR practices via system thinking theory. The research enhances academic discussion on HR transformation in the age of AI-driven innovation.
Determination of urban land value: a systematic literature review
Authors: Zhou Peng , Gai Yue , Wang Chaowei
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study conducts a systematic literature review on the determination of urban land value to offer a comprehensive understanding of the methods, datasets, themes and factors of land value. The study aims to identify research gaps and suggest directions for future research in urban land value.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts the systematic literature review (SLR) approach to synthesize the literature on urban land value. The SLR is structured according to a three-stage protocol, involving planning, conducting and reporting to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Quantitative bibliometric analysis and qualitative hierarchical thematic analysis are used to assess the evolution of research and to identify key themes and factors.

Findings

The study reveals an unbalanced research focus on developed economies and residential land in urban land value literature. A hierarchical framework categorizes 644 factors into 25 subthemes and 8 themes across physical dimensions (e.g. land attributes and structure attributes) and market dimensions (e.g. land market and macroeconomic conditions). Two primary estimation methods – regression and residual – are identified, each suitable based on data availability. The literature’s evolution is driven by advances in empirical methods. An extensive catalog of databases is compiled, and a corresponding menu of methods is discussed with a focus on empirical identification strategies.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited by the focus on urban land value and the exclusion of agricultural, recreational and transportation land. Future research should expand to other land types and integrate new data sources and advanced methodologies such as machine learning to enhance empirical robustness.

Practical implications

The systematic review provides a foundation for practical applications and policy discussions on land value estimation and taxation. It offers a useful catalog of land value databases and a menu of land evaluation methods. They are useful for real estate businesses to perform accurate land evaluations and investment appraisals. They can also assist governments in determining precise land value for tax assessments and public policy formulation.

Originality/value

This paper is among the first to apply the SLR approach to urban land value – the price of an essential asset owned by households, businesses and governments. A key contribution is the identification of two distinct evolution patterns of literature: a “pine tree” pattern, showing linear, accumulative growth using homogeneous methodologies (e.g. regression methods) and a “palm tree” pattern, where diverse methods (e.g. residual methods) form independent branches. This analysis provides a new perspective on how methodological homogeneity influences the structure of research themes, offering insights into the dynamics of knowledge development in the field and in general.
How can DeFi improve the quality, affordability, access and usage of financial services? A systematic literature review
Authors: Vasishta Prihana , Dhiman Ankita , Smith Shagun , Singla Anju
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study systematically reviews the role of decentralized finance (DeFi) in enhancing the quality, affordability, access and usage of financial services, specifically targeting underserved populations. The aim is to investigate DeFi’s potential in addressing financial exclusion and promoting global financial inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 67 peer-reviewed articles. The review focused on extracting actionable insights and recommendations regarding DeFi’s impact on financial inclusion.

Findings

The study reveals that DeFi, through the utilization of blockchain technology, can significantly improve accessibility, affordability and usability of financial services. By eliminating intermediaries and reducing entry barriers, DeFi platforms democratize finance and support financial inclusion on a global scale. The research identifies specific mechanisms through which DeFi can enhance financial services for marginalized communities, including decentralized lending, digital wallets and blockchain-based remittances.

Research limitations/implications

The study is constrained by the current literature and data availability on DeFi’s impact on financial inclusion. Future research should explore the scalability, sustainability and long-term effects of DeFi solutions in diverse contexts.

Originality/value

This research uniquely contributes to the literature by examining the intersection of DeFi and financial inclusion, providing innovative approaches to overcoming financial exclusion. The study highlights DeFi’s potential to transform financial services and empower underserved populations economically.
She is the boss: determinants of legitimacy of women as family business leaders
Authors: Lapeira Maria , Samara Georges
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Women often face multiple challenges when they are involved in the business. Their situation is even more complex in the family business setting, where multiple family and non-family stakeholders may challenge their legitimacy as a business leader. However, while some women remain invisible, others are able to become legitimate leaders in the family business. This study explores the circumstances that enable women to become legitimate and successful leaders in family businesses embedded in patriarchal contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering that our research question is aimed at exploring the determinants of legitimacy of women in the family business, we employed a qualitative research approach using multiple case studies. Data were collected through interviews, secondary sources (internal documents and websites), conversations and observations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted separately with three or four respondents from each firm.

Findings

This study finds that women can have a legitimate “professional” role when they are involved in the business early, when they have outside work experience, when they are provided with equal opportunities for learning and development compared to their male siblings and when they are provided with adequate mentoring opportunities from women role models.

Originality/value

This study makes several contributions to the study of gender dynamics in family businesses by unpacking the determinants of women’s legitimacy as leaders in family businesses. This paper also expands on the typologies that Curimbaba (2002) provides, while the typology identifies the different roles that women can play in a family business (i.e. invisible, anchors or professionals), it does not clearly delineate why some women are considered legitimate professional leaders, while others are treated as invisible or anchors. Additionally, this study offers novel insights coming from a patriarchal non-developed context, Colombia.
Business transformation processes and Society 5.0: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Silva Daniela C. , Ferreira Fernando A.F. , Milici Alexandra , Ferreira João J.M. , Ferreira Neuza C.M.Q.F.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

In light of the challenges and opportunities posed by globalization and technological advancements, this study aims to develop a decision-support system to assist companies in identifying, structuring and prioritizing variables influencing their transformation and adaptation processes to Society 5.0.

Design/methodology/approach

The research employs a methodological approach focused on knowledge creation through expert discussions involving diverse backgrounds. Cognitive mapping and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) guide the process, allowing for the integration of subjective elements into the analysis system while ensuring objectivity through ISM. The methodology involves structuring the decision problem, identifying and ranking key factors and evaluating their cause-and-effect relationships.

Findings

The analysis underscores the significance of technology and external factors compared to other areas of interest within the model. Consequently, the study emphasizes the necessity for companies to pay special attention to these types of factors during their transformation processes.

Research limitations/implications

While the study provides valuable insights, the reliance on expert discussions may introduce biases or overlook certain perspectives. Additionally, the findings may not be universally applicable and may require customization based on specific organizational contexts or industries. However, the proposed decision-support system offers a practical tool for companies seeking successful adaptation to Society 5.0.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel approach to addressing the challenges posed by globalization and technological advancements. It presents a valuable resource for organizations striving to adapt effectively in the evolving socioeconomic landscape.
Steady state creep of the silver-tin TLP interconnections of power modules
Authors: Gharaibeh Mohammad A. , Feisst Markus , Wilde Jürgen
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the steady-state creep of the multilayer Silver-Tin transient liquid phase (AgSn-TLP) interconnects of the power modules using experiments and constitutive modeling.

Design/methodology/approach

A series of engineered creep tests is executed at different temperatures and stress levels to produce creep strain versus time data. Accordingly, steady-state creep parameters are acquired through nonlinear regressions. Two steady-state creep relations, including hyperbolic sine and power laws, are created, and validated with measured data. Afterwards, numerical studies are executed to examine the thermomechanical response of the AgSn-TLP interconnects compared to other bond materials.

Findings

Generally, the AgSn- TLP interconnections showed higher resistance to the accumulation of creep strains, indicating their potential to perform efficiently in high temperature applications.

Originality/value

This paper models the steady-state creep response of the silver-tin TLP bonds using hyperbolic sine and power laws. These models are important for stress and strain analysis using numerical simulations.
Effect of process parameters on wire-arc direct energy deposited Inconel 718 superalloy
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Raj Singh Ratnesh Kumar , Sharma Satish Kumar
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Owing to its leverage of high deposition rate, the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process is being adopted for the development of IN718 alloy used in aerospace, transportation and energy sectors. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of the IN718 superalloy.

Design/methodology/approach

This study emphasizes the effect of WAAM process parameters on mechanical and metallurgical properties of developed multilayer structures of IN718 alloy by means of orthogonally designed experiments.

Findings

The results show that high current and voltage settings, combined with low welding speed, provide increase bead width, height and effective wall area, while resulting in decrease surface waviness, hardness and tensile properties. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy results show the presence of secondary precipitates such as NbC and Ni3(Al, Ti) in low-heat samples, which improve the mechanical properties of the material. However, the presence of Laves phases deteriorates the mechanical properties in high-heat samples. The electron backscatter diffraction results confirmed the presence of more grain boundaries and highly textured surfaces in lower heat samples, which improves mechanical properties.

Originality/value

The effect of process parameters on the microstructural features and mechanical properties along with bead characteristic are studied in-depth and influence of each parameter are discussed.
CEO power and gender diversity in corporate boards: evidence from European companies
Authors: Sghaier Adnene
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of CEO power and regulatory frameworks, particularly gender quotas, on board gender diversity. It explores how CEO power interacts with regulations to influence women’s representation on boards and assesses the role of female CEOs in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a quantitative research approach, analyzing data from 2003 to 2023. It uses ordinary least squares regression and entropy balance to evaluate relationships between CEO power, regulatory stringency and board gender diversity. Instrumental variables and the two-step generalized method of moments are used to address endogeneity and ensure the robustness of the results.

Findings

The power of the CEO significantly enhances the diversity of board genders. Female CEOs also contribute to this, reinforcing the role model effect. While regulatory gender quotas boost diversity, they may result in “tokenism” once targets are reached. The synergy of CEO power and regulatory frameworks maximizes diversity, with female CEOs being most effective when supported by both quotas and CEO influence.

Practical implications

This study emphasizes the importance of powerful CEOs in promoting gender diversity, particularly when working in tandem with strong regulatory frameworks. It suggests that organizations take advantage of CEO influence and regulatory support to exceed quota compliance and foster a genuine diversity culture. Female leadership plays a key role in improving board diversity.

Originality/value

This research uniquely demonstrates the combined effect of CEO power and regulatory frameworks on board diversity, highlighting the critical role of female CEOs. It offers new insights into how organizational and regulatory dynamics interact to advance gender equality in corporate governance.
Drivers of phenological transitions in the seedling life stage
Authors: Slate Mandy L. , Sporbert Maria , Hensen Isabell , Hierro Jose L. , Korell Lotte , Larios Loralee , Nagy Dávid U. , Pearson Dean E. , Waller Lauren , Wolf Felicitas , Rosche Christoph
Published: February 2025

Plant functional ecology research has primarily focused on juvenile and adult plants even though regeneration from seed can be the most consequential life‐history bottleneck with cascading influence on later stages of growth and reproduction. Understandings of relationships among phenology, morphology and growth‐related functional traits have improved our knowledge of plant life‐history strategies and adaptive responses to changing climate. However, whether relationships among phenological and morpho‐physiological traits exist during plant regeneration is unknown. We also lack understanding of the relative importance of these relationships compared with those of regeneration phenology with other factors like plant phylogeny, geographic location and whether a species is native or non‐native to the location.

To better understand these gaps in knowledge, we evaluated three phenological traits (days to germination, first and third true leaves) and six morpho‐physiological traits (seed mass, relative growth rate, root elongation rate, root: shoot ratio, specific leaf area and seedling C:N) associated with regeneration for 131 forb species from six globally distributed grasslands.

Morpho‐physiological traits showed several significant correlations with phenological traits. Boosted regression trees revealed that their relative importance in predicting phenological traits varied among the three phenological stages (34%–51%). Interestingly, the relative importance of morpho‐physiological traits on the phenological stages was comparable to that of phylogeny (36%–46%). In general, species with faster phenologies produced seedlings that grew faster. The influence of geographic location on phenological traits was strongest at germination (29%) and decreased (8%–15%) at later phenological stages. Native versus non‐native origin had little to no impact (0%–2%) on regeneration phenology.

Strong relationships between days to germination and geographic location indicate signatures of local adaptation in the earliest life stages. Similar morpho‐physiological trait values between native and non‐native forbs imply that trait matching may be essential for non‐native establishment. While associations between phenological and morpho‐physiological traits during regeneration have not been previously recognized, our results suggest that these are complex and variable across plant regeneration. Better understanding of these associations and their variation across plant life stages may help capture species shifts with ongoing climate change and be used to develop novel approaches to seed‐based restoration.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Impact of Oxygen Availability on the Organelle‐Specific Redox Potentials and Stress in Recombinant Protein Producing Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Kostopoulou Aliki , Rebnegger Corinna , Ferrero‐Bordera Borja , Mattanovich Matthias , Maaß Sandra , Becher Dörte , Gasser Brigitte , Mattanovich Diethard
Published: February 2025

The yeast Komagataella phaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris) is a highly effective and well‐established host for the production of recombinant proteins. The redox balance of its secretory pathway, which is multi‐organelle dependent, is of high importance for producing secretory proteins. Redox imbalance and oxidative stress can significantly influence protein folding and secretion. Glutathione serves as the main redox buffer of the cell and cellular redox conditions can be assessed through the status of the glutathione redox couple (GSH‐GSSG). Previous research often focused on the redox potential of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where oxidative protein folding and disulphide bond formation occur. In this study, in vivo measurements of the glutathione redox potential were extended to different subcellular compartments by targeting genetically encoded redox sensitive fluorescent proteins (roGFPs) to the cytosol, ER, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Using these biosensors, the impact of oxygen availability on the redox potentials of the different organelles was investigated in non‐producing and producing K. phaffii strains in glucose‐limited chemostat cultures. It was found that the transition from normoxic to hypoxic conditions affected the redox potential of all investigated organelles, while the exposure to hyperoxic conditions did not impact them. Also, as reported previously, hypoxic conditions led to increased recombinant protein secretion. Finally, transcriptome and proteome analyses provided novel insights into the short‐term response of the cells from normoxic to hypoxic conditions.
Does it matter why we try? How goal‐focused extrinsic emotion regulation influences co‐worker's relational outcomes
Authors: Kunst Hannah , Nguyen Helena , Johnson Anya , MacCann Carolyn
Published: February 2025

At work and in everyday life, people regulate each other's emotions (i.e., extrinsic emotion regulation). To date, research on workplace extrinsic emotion regulation has focused primarily on the outcomes of regulation and less on why people regulate others' emotions (i.e., emotion regulation goals) and how they do it (i.e., the emotion regulation strategies used). In this paper, we investigate how regulation goals influence the regulation strategies people use to regulate their co‐workers' emotions, and how these relate to co‐worker relationship quality (conflict and team‐member exchange). Across three studies using experimental and field study designs (Study 1: N = 216; Study 2: N = 471; Study 3: N = 277 co‐workers regulated by N = 143 employees) we find that employees with pro‐hedonic goals are more likely to use the strategy of receptive listening (allowing co‐workers to talk about their problems), which is associated with lower relationship conflict. Employees with instrumental goals, specifically keeping up appearances at work, are more likely to use expressive suppression (asking co‐workers to suppress expressions of emotion), which is associated with higher relationship conflict and lower team‐member exchange. These results extend theoretical insights into extrinsic emotion regulation and have important practical implications for promoting high‐quality interactions between colleagues as well as interventions for building positive workplace cultures and emotion regulation norms within organizations.
Mechanistic Evaluation of Anti‐CD19 CAR‐T Cell Therapy Repurposed in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model
Authors: Park Hyunseo , Mugundu Ganesh M. , Singh Aman P.
Published: February 2025

CAR‐T cell therapy, renowned for its success in oncology, is now venturing into the realm of B cell‐mediated autoimmune diseases. Recent observations have revealed significant pharmacological effects of CD19 CAR‐T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), suggesting promising applications in other autoimmune conditions. Consequently, as of December 2024, there are 116 different clinical trials evaluating CAR‐T cells against autoimmune conditions. While the field is starting to understand the overall pharmacological actions of CAR‐T cells in autoimmune diseases, the dose‐exposure‐response relationship remains inadequately characterized due to limited clinical data. To address these uncertainties, we have developed a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) model using short‐term limited clinical data of anti‐CD19 CAR‐Ts in autoimmune disease patients (n = 5), followed by a model qualification step utilizing an external dataset (n = 13). The developed QSP model integrated and effectively characterized the (1) cellular kinetics of different immunophenotypic population of CAR‐T cells, (2) impact of lymphodepletion chemotherapy on host immune cells, (3) CAR‐mediated elimination of CD19+ B‐cells and (4) dynamic changes in disease surrogate biomarkers and its relationship with clinical score. The key pharmacological biomarkers which were incorporated within the QSP model included anti double stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibodies, proteinuria, C3 protein and IFN‐alpha. Later, a linear regression analysis‐based relationship was developed between continuous disease biomarkers and the categorical SLE disease activity index (SLE‐DAI) determined by the investigators offering a predictive framework for disease progression in SLE patients. This proposed QSP model holds potential to elucidate quantitative pharmacology and expedite clinical advancement of autologous and allogeneic cell therapies in autoimmune diseases.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GZR4, a novel once‐weekly basal insulin, in healthy participants: A randomized trial
Authors: Tang Chengyong , Su Rui , Wan Lei , Zhu Mingxue , Pu Junliang , Hao Chunyue , Zhao Jing , He Anshun , Xie Tian , Li Yue , Chen Wei , Gan Zhong‐Ru
Published: February 2025

Aims

Insulin GZR4 (GZR4), a novel once‐weekly basal insulin, has demonstrated a favourable safety and low toxicity profile, as well as notable in vivo glycaemic control effects, in preclinical studies. The study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of GZR4 in healthy Chinese participants.

Methods

In this randomized, single‐blind, dose‐escalation Phase 1a study, healthy male adults aged 18–45 years, with a BMI of 19–24 kg/m2 were enrolled in five cohorts. Participants in Cohorts 1–4 were randomized 4:1 to receive subcutaneous injections of GZR4 at doses of 1, 3, 6, and 12 nmol/kg or placebo. Participants in Cohort 5 received 0.4 U/kg (2.4 nmol/kg) of insulin degludec (IDeg). Euglycaemic glucose clamps were conducted 24–48 h (Day 2) and 144–168 h (Day 7) after GZR4 administration, and 0–24 h (Day 1) after IDeg administration. The primary endpoints were the safety and tolerability of GZR4.

Results

A total of 43 participants were enrolled, and 42 of them completed the study. No deaths, serious adverse events (SAEs), or discontinuations related to the investigational product were reported. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were hypoglycaemia, which occurred exclusively in the 12 nmol/kg GZR4 group. All TEAEs were mild to moderate in severity. The PK parameters of GZR4 increased linearly with the dose from 1 to 12 nmol/kg, and the glucose‐lowering effect was sustained for approximately 1 week. The AUCGIR,24‐48h and AUCGIR,144‐168h for the 6 nmol/kg GZR4 dose (54.91 and 37.84 h × mg/kg/min) were comparable with that of IDeg (AUCGIR,0‐24h, 40.59 h × mg/kg/min), suggesting that GZR4's potency may be approximately 3.2‐times greater than IDeg weekly.

Conclusion

Once‐weekly GZR4 demonstrated good safety and tolerability in healthy participants. It exhibited a dose‐dependent and sustained glucose‐lowering effect over a full week and demonstrated stronger daily glucose‐lowering efficacy than once‐daily IDeg under similar molar concentrations. These results support further investigation of once‐weekly GZR4 for glycaemic control in patients with diabetes.
Cognitive Remediation for Adolescents With Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: East‐Richard Caroline , Cayouette Audrey , Allott Kelly , Anderson Élizabeth , Haesebaert Frédéric , Cella Matteo , Cellard Caroline
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The effects of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in adults with mental health disorders have been widely documented, but its effects in adolescents with mental health disorders remain poorly understood. This review aims to (1) determine the effects of CRT on cognition, symptoms and functioning for adolescents with mental health disorders and (2) evaluate the methodological quality of studies on CRT.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted of randomised controlled trials of CRT involving adolescents with mental health disorders. Searches were conducted in databases for studies pertaining to CRT effects on cognition, social functioning and clinical symptoms. Methodological quality was assessed using the Clinical Trials Assessment Measure.

Results

Fourteen studies (N = 14) were included, with 11 independent samples (k = 11, 592 participants). Participants had various mental health disorders. CRT showed a small significant effect on cognition (g = 0.14, p = 0.02), particularly on processing speed, working memory and episodic memory. No significant effects were found for clinical symptoms (g = 0.04, p = 0.58) and social functioning (g = 0.06, p = 0.39). Methodological quality of included studies was variable, ranging from poor to good quality.

Conclusion

Included studies showed a small significant effect of CRT on cognition, and non‐significant effects on clinical symptoms and social functioning in adolescents with mental health disorders. The lack of effects may be partly explained by limitations in the methodology of included studies. A critical analysis of current studies is presented and recommendations of core techniques to consider for future CRT studies are discussed.
The impact of nonmarket strategies in the CEE region: Evidence from Romanian and polish firms
Authors: Parnell John A. , Văduva Sebastian , Fotea Silvia
Published: February 2025

We surveyed 249 Polish and 159 Romanian firms about their nonmarket strategies (NMS). The results revealed similar links among relative firm size, market strategies, NMS, and firm performance. Firm size did not influence market orientation, but it influenced political and social NMS. Firm performance was influenced primarily by global growth and differentiation, not cost leadership. Social NMS, but not political NMS, was a significant performance driver in both countries. Relative firm size was significantly associated with firm performance in Romania but not Poland. Our findings suggest that firms in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) can integrate market and NMS to drive performance, but NMS creates more value in the social realm than in the political sphere.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Pedigrees With High Density of Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meeting Report
Authors: Hill Shirley Y. , Edenberg Howard J. , Corvin Aiden , Thorgeirsson Thorgeir , Below Jennifer E. , Goldman David , Leal Suzanne , Almasy Laura , Cox Nancy J. , Daly Mark , Neale Benjamin , Vrieze Scott , Zoghbi Huda
Published: February 2025

The National Institute of Drug Abuse convened a panel of scientists with expertise in substance use disorders (SUD) and genetic methodologies primarily to determine the feasibility of performing whole genome sequencing utilizing existing pedigree collections with a high density of SUD and psychiatric disorders. A major focus was on determining if there had been any successes in identifying genetic variants for complex traits in family‐based designs. Such information could provide assurance that whole genome sequencing might provide significant pay‐offs particularly in the pursuit of rare variants and copy number variants. An important goal was to discuss and evaluate optimal strategies for studying genetic variants in human samples. Specific topics were (a) to consider whether a smaller number of cases typically available in family studies versus the larger number available in biobanks can reveal unique information; (b) to identify potential gaps in information available in biobank data that might be supplemented with family data; (c) to consider the optimal SUD phenotypic definitions (e.g., quantity of use, problem‐oriented) and data collection instruments (self‐report or clinician administered) that are both practical and efficient to collect, and likely to provide important insights concerning prevention, intervention, and medication development. Conclusions reached by the panel included optimism about the successes that have occurred in the existing family studies ascertained to include densely affected pedigrees. Evaluation of methodologies led, overall, to a panel consensus that steps should be taken to utilize biobank collection in conjunction with family‐based investigations for optimal variant discovery.
The Accuracy of Melting Curve–Based Multiplex Real‐Time PCR for Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori Resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Stool Specimens
Authors: Wang Youhua , Gong Xiaoling , Lai Qirui , Fang Hui , Yang Xiyin , Li Xuan , Liu Dong Sheng , Xie Yong
Published: February 2025

Aims

This study evaluates the accuracy of melting curve–based multiplex real‐time PCR (multiplex rt‐PCR) on stool samples for diagnosing antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) compared to E‐test and sequencing.

Methods

Gastric biopsies and stool samples were collected from 385 H. pylori‐infected patients. A total of 325 strains were isolated, and genomic DNA was extracted from all 385 stool samples. E‐tests were conducted to detect phenotypic resistance for clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Sanger sequencing and multiplex rt‐PCR were employed to identify H. pylori 23S rRNA and GyrA mutations.

Results

E‐test results indicated that 203 (62.5%) were susceptible to both clarithromycin and levofloxacin, 33 (10.2%) exhibited mono‐resistance to clarithromycin, 48 (14.8%) showed mono‐resistance to levofloxacin, and 41 (12.6%) had dual resistance to both antibiotics. Compared to E‐test results, the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex rt‐PCR method for detecting clarithromycin resistance mutation were 93.2 (95% CI 84.3–97.5) and 87.1% (95% CI 82.2–90.9), respectively. For levofloxacin resistance mutation, the multiplex rt‐PCR method showed a sensitivity of 80.7 (95% CI 70.3–88.3) and a specificity of 93.0% (95% CI 88.7–95.8). Compared to Sanger sequencing, the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex rt‐PCR method for detecting clarithromycin resistance mutation were 95.8 (95% CI 90.0–98.4) and 96.0% (95% CI 92.6–98.0), respectively. For levofloxacin resistance mutation, the multiplex rt‐PCR method showed a sensitivity of 91.3% (95% CI, 83.1–95.9) and a specificity of 96.1% (95% CI, 92.7–98.0).

Conclusion

Genotypic methods, including Sanger sequencing and multiplex rt‐PCR, were rapid and reliable for diagnosing clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance in the stool samples.
Low Temperature Plasma Jet Treatment Promotes Skin Wound Healing by Enhancing Cell Proliferation via the PI3K‐AKT and AMPK Pathways
Authors: Zhu Yuehan , Lian Xinrong , Li Kaici , Zhang Jingya , Wu Wenjing , Zhang Xinhua , Zhang Jin
Published: February 2025

Low temperature plasma jet (LTPJ) treatment can promote skin wound healing, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we verified the effect of LTPJ in accelerating wound healing and investigated its underlying mechanism. With mouse model, two full‐thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 8). One wound underwent LTPJ treatment for 10 min, while the other wound without LTPJ treatment served as a control. The percentage of wound closure and collagen content in epidermis increased significantly, which indicated that LTPJ treatment significantly enhanced wound healing through contraction. RNA‐seq analysis was conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms. A total of 77 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) were identified. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the DGEs were mainly related to the collagen‐containing extracellular matrix, cell cycle, PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway and AMPK signalling pathway, which are known to be related to wound healing. HaCaT keratinocytes were used to study LTPJ effects on cell proliferation in vitro. In agreement with the in vivo results, the in vitro datas also demonstrated that LTPJ treatment affected the activity of the PI3K‐AKT and AMPK pathways. Our findings suggest that LTPJ treatment promotes skin wound healing by inducing genes associated with wound healing, promoting PI3K‐AKT signalling, and suppressing the AMPK signalling pathway.
Time Allocation to Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and Its Impact on Sarcopenia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chien Shao‐Yun , Wang Tsuei‐Hung , Tzeng Ya‐Ling , Lu Shu‐Hua , Chang Ting‐Shan
Published: February 2025

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults, and to analyse the effect of reallocating time between different intensities of activities on sarcopenia.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, data were synthesised using a random‐effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers.

Data Sources

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane databases for studies published up to November 5, 2024, with no language or date restrictions. Relevant reference lists were also manually screened.

Results

The present review included six studies involving 9914 older adults. Three studies suggested that older adults without sarcopenia spent more time performing light physical activities (SMD: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.24–0.45) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (SMD: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.74) and had less sedentary behaviour (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.51 to −0.16) than did older adults with sarcopenia. Replacing sedentary behaviour with an equivalent amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (10, 30, or 60 min) each day can reduce the risk of sarcopenia, with 30 min showing the best preventive effect. However, research findings on the relationship between substituting sedentary behaviour time with light physical activities and sarcopenia are inconsistent.

Implications for the Profession

Encouraging older adults to engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity, even in short bouts of 10 min, can significantly reduce the risk of sarcopenia. Healthcare professionals should tailor activity recommendations to individual preferences and physical conditions to promote overall health and reduce sedentary behaviour.

Patient and Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Trial Registration

CRD42023416166
The Empathy Level and Its Associated Factors Among Nursing Assistants in Long‐Term Care Facilities
Authors: Hu Hsiao‐Ling , Chi Yu‐Chen , Chuang Yeu‐Hui
Published: February 2025

Aim

This study aimed to investigate empathy levels among nursing assistants (NAs) in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) and identify factors associated with empathy levels.

Design

A cross‐sectional national study.

Methods

We recruited 512 NAs from 232 LTCFs across Taiwan. Participants completed structured questionnaires including information on demographic characteristics and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy‐Health Professions version (JSE‐HP). The data were collected from April to July 2023.

Results

The average JSE‐HP score among NAs was 101.46 ± 14.05. Empathy levels were significantly associated with several factors, including age, educational background, religious beliefs, economic status, length of work experience, and prior empathy training or courses. A multiple linear regression analysis identified age, educational level, economic status, and prior empathy training as significant predictors of empathy levels among NAs.

Conclusions

The findings of this study revealed that NAs in LTCFs in Taiwan exhibited low levels of empathy. NAs, who were older, had higher educational levels, had a better economic status, and had previous empathy training or courses demonstrated higher levels of empathy.

Impact

Empathy is vital in caregiving, and it is crucial to urgently address and enhance empathy among NAs. Future research should focus on developing targeted interventions to improve empathy levels of NAs within LTCFs.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Carer Involvement in Rehabilitation for People Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Ya , Jeon Yun‐Hee , Watson Karen
Published: February 2025

Aims

To examine the role and impact of carer involvement in rehabilitation for community‐dwelling individuals with dementia, focusing on cognitive stimulation therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive training, cognitive behavioural therapy, and exercise.

Design

A systematic review and synthesis without meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

Five electronic databases, reference lists, and citations were searched (2017–2024), targeting primary research that reported results concerning one or more of those five focused rehabilitation interventions for people with dementia and their carers.

Methods

Results were synthesised using narrative approaches. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool were used to appraise the quality of included studies.

Results

Forty‐one studies (12 main trials, 22 pilot studies, and 7 sub‐studies) were included. While the patterns between carer involvement level and types of rehabilitation were observed, their relationship to intervention effectiveness was unclear. High carer involvement in cognitive stimulation therapy and exercise was associated with improved cognition and quality of life for people with dementia and better health‐related quality of life for carers. Pilot studies showed mixed but generally positive trends, with increased depressive symptoms in carers needing further investigation. Qualitative findings highlighted social interaction and improved caregiving knowledge as key enablers to positive experiences, whereas lack of motivation was the main barrier to rehabilitation engagement.

Conclusion

This review identified several patterns between the level of carer involvement and intervention types. However, the mechanism underlying different involvement levels and rehabilitation success remains unclear. More rigorous research is needed to determine the relationship between carer involvement and the effects of rehabilitation interventions on supporting the independence of people with dementia.

Impact

This review enhanced the understanding of carers' roles and impacts in supporting dementia rehabilitation and possible links to optimal health outcomes.

Reporting Method

Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient/public contribution.
Progress in Research on Regulated Cell Death in Cerebral Ischaemic Injury After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chen Zumin , Wang Shuangwei , Shu Tian , Xia Senlin , He Yanmei , Yang Yanhan
Published: February 2025

Ischaemic damage to the brain is the main cause of brain injury after cardiac arrest. The current treatment focuses on early reperfusion, but reperfusion tends to cause reperfusion injury, which is a significant problem. Cell death is an irreversible and normal end to cell life, playing key roles in maintaining the homeostasis and development of multicellular organisms. To date, cell death can be classified into two categories: accidental cell death (ACD) and regulated cell death (RCD). Cell death plays an indispensable role in cerebral ischaemia injury. An increasing number of scholars are exploring the mechanisms and sites of cell death during targeted inhibition of cerebral ischaemia to treat cerebral ischaemia injury. In addition to the established cell death pathways, namely, the apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis pathways, ferroptosis and cuproptosis pathways have been discovered. This article reviews the cell death pathways involved in ischaemic brain injury, discusses the roles played by these death modalities, and suggests therapeutic directions for future targeting of cell death sites.
Angiotensin‐(1–9) Improves the Cardioprotective Effects of Del Nido Cardioplegia Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Mendoza‐Torres Evelyn , Sanchez Gina , Rosales Wendy , Ospino María Clara , Díaz‐Ariza Luis Antonio , Montoya Yuliet , Bustamante John , Riquelme Jaime A. , Chiong Mario , Lavandero Sergio
Published: February 2025

Del Nido cardioplegia (DNC), a blood‐and‐crystalloid solution containing high and low concentrations of potassium and calcium, respectively, is used as a single‐dose antegrade infusion to induce immediate cardiac arrest in the surgery of patients with cardiovascular diseases requiring extracorporeal circulation. Adding cardioprotective molecules may further reduce the damage‐triggered ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Angiotensin‐(1–9) (Ang‐(1–9)) and angiotensin‐(1–7) (Ang‐(1–7)), members of the counter‐regulatory renin‐angiotensin system, have shown cardioprotective effects in cardiac hypertrophy and I/R models. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ang‐(1–9) and Ang‐(1–7), as adjuvants of the DNC, on cardioprotection and ventricular function in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R and in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes subjected to simulated I/R (sI/R). The addition of DNC and Ang‐(1–9) and Ang‐(1–7) decreased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release in cultured cardiomyocytes subjected to sI/R in comparison to those cardiomyocytes subjected to sI/R and incubated with DNC alone. Moreover, hearts treated with Ang‐(1–9) during reperfusion after DNC + I/R exhibited fewer arrhythmias and required less time to reach left ventricular developed pressure stability. Overall, reperfusion with DNC and Ang‐(1–9) improves the recovery of the left ventricular function of the heart.
Recognition Versus Disclosure and Managerial Discretion: Evidence From Japanese Pension Accounting
Authors: Kusano Masaki
Published: February 2025

I examine the impact of disclosing versus recognizing pension liabilities on managerial discretion regarding pension assumptions, exploiting the unique Japanese accounting standard. In Japan, the current pension accounting standard requires firms to recognize pension items—actuarial gains/losses and prior service costs—in consolidated financial statements; however, firms still disclose these items in the notes when preparing unconsolidated financial statements. I find that recognition firms, those that recognize the previously disclosed pension items on the balance sheet, choose higher discount rates than disclosure firms, those that still disclose them in the notes. Further, I find that my results are driven mainly by firms with more debt‐contracting incentives. Overall, my findings suggest that mandating the recognition of pension liabilities induces managerial manipulation of pension assumptions.