bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influencia del estrés oxidativo seminal en el resultado de técnicas de fertilización in vitro
Authors: Iraizoz Barrios Ana Maria
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar el estado redox en semen de hombres normozoospérmicos y en medios de cultivo embrionarios humanos, y su relación con el éxito de las técnicas de Fertilización In Vitro (FIV).Material y Método: Se aplicó una batería de marcadores de daño a biomoléculas, enzimas e indicadores globales del estado redox a muestras de plasma seminal, lisado de espermatozoides, así como a medios de cultivo embrionarios de 24 y 72 horas para valorar su relación con el éxito de las técnicas de Fertilización In Vitro. Las muestras de semen procedían de 15 pacientes normozoospérmicos a cuyas parejas se les aplicaron técnicas de Fertilización In Vitro. Resultados: Se confirmó que en todas las muestras analizadas los indicadores de daño a biomoléculas [malonindialdehído (MDA) y productos avanzados de la oxidación de proteínas (PAOP)], se encontraban significativamente incrementados (p<0,05) en los pacientes con respecto al grupo control, por lo que presentaban estrés oxidativo. Encontramos correlación entre los productos avanzados de la oxidación de proteínas (PAOP) en lisado de espermatozoides y medio de cultivo embrionario de 24 horas observándose una asociación directa y significativa (p<0,05). Todo ello sugiere que los pacientes normozoospérmicos que concurren a las consultas de FIV presentan alteraciones de la capacidad fecundante por estrés oxidativo, y que, existe desbalance redox en los medios de cultivo embrionario que pudiera estar relacionado con el factor masculino.
Por um Lexicon Politologico Latinoamericano Decolonial: O Homem Cordial, Alter Ego do Hombre Cordial
Authors: Bagno Sandra
Published: January 2021

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“A marvelous sight, a mighty revelation”: Vashti, O gênio em villette
Authors: Chagas da Costa Monica
Published: January 2021

Villette (1853), o terceiro romance publicado de Charlotte Brontë, trata da história da gelada Lucy Snowe e sua experiência como professora na terra estrangeira do país fictício de Labassecour. A narrativa é profundamente controlada pela narradora, Lucy, e são poucos os momentos em que as emoções tomam formas não-reprimidas no texto. Um dos momentos em que o oposto acontece é no capítulo intitulado “Vashti”, no qual Lucy assiste a uma peça e se impressiona com a performance da atriz, Vashti. O presente trabalho relaciona a tradição do conceito de gênio, em sua evolução pela história ocidental, e a representação da artista figurada no romance de Brontë, de modo a demonstrar o entendimento da escritora sobre o gênio feminino. Pode-se concluir que, para Brontë, a imagem da artista está relacionada a figuras iconicamente rebeldes da tradição ocidental, e que sua abordagem em Villette sobre a representação da genialidade feminina desvia do padrão vitoriano que ela mesma segue em outras obras.
‘A racist challenge might force us apart’: divergence, reliance and empathy in Parable of the Sower, by Octavia Butler
Authors: Grecca Gabriela Bruschini
Published: January 2021

This article aims to analyze racial issues in the resistance community depicted in Parable of the Sower (1993), by Octavia Butler, named ‘Acorn’. By researching the critical approaches to this novel, I observed that, as much as they admit race as a force that interferes in the relation between offenders and offended, they have not gone further in questioning how the variety and the complexity of the previous backgrounds of these racialized subjects cannot be ignored and homogenized  in the establishment of bonds among the offended as well. As I aim to demonstrate, the world experience carried by each character, determined especially by race and social class, helps meditating on their own asymmetrical positions and showing how their empathy towards one another has to be built and (re-)negotiated all the time.
Christian and Modernist Utopia in Coetzee’s Novels The Childhood of Jesus and Schooldays of Jesus
Authors: Rosenfield Kathrin , Pereira Lawrence Flores
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article addresses, in its first part, the many critics who have difficulty in making sense of Coetzee’s two novels The Childhood of Jesus and Schooldays of Jesus, offering clues for an understanding of Coetzee’s utopian thought experiment within the framework of Christian ideals. The second argument reconstructs Coetzee’s ironic musings about the future of the traditions of Western culture and art.  Setting his fictional reflection in a utopian society which has achieved a truly equalitarian order, patterned on the ideals of Primitive Christianity and monastic humility, Coetzee explores the question whether in such a society there is still space and need for the arts, or if the success of our rational utopian endeavors will lead to the disappearance of art as we have known it for millennia.
The Role of the University in the Integration of International Border Territories
Authors: Prolo Ivor , Leal Fernanda Geremias , Lima Manolita Correia , Moniz Gonçalo Canto
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to understand the social role played by the University in the international integration of border territories. The following questions guided the study: What are the relations of belonging built by the University's internal actors? What strategy can collaborate with the integration of the University in the border territory? The study focused on the case of the Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-americana (Unila), founded in 2010 with the purpose of promoting regional integration at an international level, and located in a triple border region between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Results portray three phases through which integration into the territory constituted itself: strangeness in the territory; identity construction; and belonging relationships, with special contribution from university outreach/extension.
O Secretário Atuando como Consultor
Authors: Gouveia Joseilme Fernandes , Silva Laiany Fonseca da
Published: January 2021

Diante das diversas competências que o(a) secretário(a) executivo(a) pode exercer, a função de consultor será abordada nesta pesquisa, já que os resultados avaliaram a imagem e o posicionamento de uma Unidade Educacional. O estudo objetivou investigar a imagem e posicionamento da Unidade Educacional frente aos seus potenciais clientes. Para isto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo sob abordagem quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de um questionário aos potenciais pais de alunos que transitavam em estabelecimentos próximos à referida instituição. Os dados coletados foram organizados em gráficos e tabelas utilizando como ferramentas tecnológicas o Word, Excel e o SPSS, os quais foram analisados sob a análise do conteúdo. De modo geral, o estudo identificou as principais preferências dos pais na hora de matricular seus filhos na escola, sendo a escola União. Com isso, o principal resultado apurado é que a imagem e o posicionamento no mercado de trabalho da escola Unidade Educacional da CNEC precisam ser mais bem trabalhados, já que os potenciais clientes, em sua maioria, não lembram da escola, nem a consideram prioritária quando precisam matricular seus filhos. Portanto, a pesquisa de mercado realizada pelo secretário executivo atuando como consultor, aponta que novas estratégias sejam estabelecidas pela Unidade Educacional, a fim de alcançar seus futuros clientes em que poderão considerá-la como preferência e prioridade para matricular seus filhos.
Caminhos às Pesquisas Conceituais na Área de Secretariado Executivo
Authors: Nascimento Maricilene Isaira Baia do , Fialho Roberto Paulo Bibas
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do artigo foi construir uma discussão teórica para propor caminhos para pesquisas conceituais na área de Secretariado Executivo, à luz do construtivismo. As propostas foram construídas a partir dos princípios da Teoria dos Campos Conceituais (TCC) de Gérard Vergnaud, destacando as condições pelas quais podem ser trabalhados campos conceituais na prática secretarial. O quadro referencial trouxe a discussão da literatura sobre a necessidade conceitual em investigações na área de secretariado, visando propor caminhos teóricos para essa área. Além disso, o objetivo foi dialogar com propostas de autores da área, interpretando-os com outros autores da filosofia. A pesquisa é qualitativa, bibliográfica e crítico-dialética. As conclusões são que, para investigar conceitos usados e criados na prática secretarial, os pesquisadores não podem estudar apenas um conceito isolado e em apenas uma situação. A prática secretarial inter-relaciona múltiplas teorias/conceitos/ferramentas/atividades, manipuladas em diferentes situações, criando campos conceituais a serem trabalhados nas investigações da área.
THE HEPATITIS C UNTYPE-ABLE GENOTYPES, AN EMERGENCE OF QUASI-SPECIES IN HCV INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Fahim Qanita , Mirza Irfan Ali , Khalid Ayesha , Imtiaz Anum , Ahmad Asad
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of Type-able and untype-able genotypes in hepatitis C infected patients,and to observe their association with gender, age, Alanine Aminotranferease and viral load.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital, and Lahore, Pakistanfrom Sep 2017 to Mar 2018.

Methodology: Six hundred forty seven anti HCV antibodies positive serum samples by Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay were received from a total of 6791 serum samples. The positive sera were subjected to qualitative PCR and quantitative real time (RT) PCR to determine pre-treatment viral load. Quantitative PCR positive sera with viral load >500IU/ml were further subjected to molecular genotyping by using Ohno et al method.

Result: Out of 647 positive serum samples, type-specific PCR fragments were seen in 424 sera, while 13 (3.1%) of serum samples were of untype-able genotype. In all age groups genotype 3a had emerged as a predominantgenotype 397 (93.6%), followed by 1b 8 (1.9%), 3b 4 (0.9%), 1a 2 (0.5%), while no sample detected to have 2a, 2b,5a, 6a and mixed genotypes. The highest prevalence of untype-ables were seen in 61-70 age group.

Conclusion: Need of the hour is proper sequencing of untype-able genotypes via upgrading existing methodologies. It will not only help the clinicians in achieving sustained virological response but also help in identifying new genotypes/subtypes.
ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS ON FIRST COLONOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
Authors: Tariq Rabia , Abbas Anum , Haider Ehtesham , Zubair Usama Bin , Saeed Farrukh , Qureshi Zafar Ali
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the severity of ulcerative colitis on first colonoscopic examination.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional (correlational) study design.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Gastroenterology Outpatient Department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2017 to Oct 2018.

Methodology: An aggregate of 200 patients within the age range of 12-70 years, were included in the studythrough non-probability consecutive sampling. The data was collected by the self-administered questionnaireincluding age, gender, stool frequency, P/R bleed, systemic features of ulcerative colitis & colonoscopic findings.Effectiveness of the procedures was noted on a pre-designed performa and the endoscopic assessment was based upon mayo score severity of colitis graded from Normal (0) to Severe (3). Data was analyzed by using SPSS-19.

Results: The mean age of the participants was reported 38 ± 2.1 years. Out of 200 participants 104 (52%) weremale, diarrhea with PR bleed was positive in 180 (90%) & anemia in 154 (77%). Colonoscopic findings showedthat 72 (36%) were with Left sided colitis (Montreal Class E2) & 82 (41%) with proctitis (Montreal class E1). Severe disease (Mayo endoscopic Score 3) was positive in 118 (59%) patients.

Conclusion: Assessment of severity of UC is important as it determines the long term management & alsovaluable for risk stratification to predict the prognosis. Our findings feature the requirement for system levelenhancements to encourage the proper delivery of colonoscopy services dependent on individual risk.

Keywords:  , , , .
ONE MONTH POST INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DISCHARGE OUTCOME
Authors: Siddique Nadeem , Ahmad Muhammad , Khan Sabir , Taqi Arshad , Hussain Tanvir
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the outcomes of patients discharged from a general intensive care unit one month after discharge.

Study Design: Descriptive case series.

Place and Duration of Study: Intensive Care Unit - National Hospital and Medical Centre Lahore, from Jan 2018to Dec 2018.

Methodology: All patients of both genders and age more than 12 years were included. Follow up was donethrough a phone call to the contact number provided, one-month post intensive care unit discharge. Information regarding outcome i.e. survival, bed bound state, degree of dependence for day to day activities and return to routine life.

Results: A total of 106 cases were recruited, out of which 55.7% were male and 44.3% female; mean age was56.86 ± 23.16 years. At 1-month intensive care unit discharge 8.49% of the patients were dead; 73.58% cases hadreturned to pre intensive care unit admission routines, 11.32% were partially dependent on someone, 6.6% were bed bound. Death and bed bounding was highest in 60 year or older patients (p=0.03). All 9 cases who had died and 7 who were bed bound were admitted through emergency and remained admitted in the hospital for more than 7 days with p=0.0001. 77.8% of patients who died, 66.7% of patients who were partially dependent and all the bed bound patients required needed ventilation during intensive care unit admission with p=0.0001.

Conclusion: In our series 20% of the patients were either dead or dependent for their daily survival one monthafter discharge from intensive care unit.Keywords: , , ,
EVALUATION OF RADICAL CHOLECYSTECTOMY FOR INCIDENTAL GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA DIAGNOSED AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY, SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Safdar Kamran , Wattoo Nasir Mehmood , Butt Qasim , Yasin Talha
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the procedure of radical cholecystectomy for incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed after cholecystectomy at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Pakistan.

Study Design: Observational study (case series).

Place and Duration of Study: Army Liver Transplant Unit, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Jun2018 to Apr 2019.

Methodology: A prospective study was conducted on 11 patients who underwent routine cholecystectomy either open or laparoscopic for a possibly benign condition but were found with a malignancy on histopathology, were included in the study. Detailed assessment regarding all the side effects was done immediately after the procedure, at 48 hours, at time of discharge and two weeks after the procedure was done on all the participants.

Results: Out of 11patients included in the final analysis, 06 were male and 05 were female. Mean age of patients put who underwent cholecystectomy and had incidental finding of cancer was 44.23 ± 3.621. Mean duration of hospital stay after the surgery was 5.13 ± 2.175. Most of the patients had well differentiated tumor. Post-operative pain was the commonest complication among the target population followed by biliary complication.

Cholecystectomy,Conclusion: Gallbladder carcinoma may be missed on routine clinical screening and radiological modalities.Surgeon should be careful enough and suspect unusual finding of malignancy in routine surgeries. Radicalsurgery of the incidental gallbladder cancer emerged as an effective management modality among the patientsmanaged in our set up during this study period.
DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY OF A NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORY OF HYPERGLYCEMIA I.E. IMPAIRED RANDOM GLUCOSE IN PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN PATIENTS OF PREDIABETES AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Mustafa Qurat Ul Ain , Amir Muhammad , Sajid Muhammad Tanvir , Haroon Zujaja Hina , Ejaz Aamir , Asif Naveed
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of normoglycemia (NG), prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM) amongpatients having impaired random glucose (IRG) and establish the optimum cutoff of impaired random glucosefor the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi and Combined Military HospitalQuetta, from Nov 2016 to Nov 2018.

Methodology: Healthy individuals of both genders undergoing investigation for diabetes mellitus were enrolled through non probability consecutive sampling while patients with diabetes, pregnant, hospitalized, using concomitant medications (corticosteroids, immunosuppressive, chemotherapy) and those unable to complete oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were excluded. Random plasma glucose (RPG) was determined and patients having impaired random glucose underwent oral glucose tolerance test, analysis being done on ADVIA1800®using hexokinase methodology.

Results: Among the 280 study participants, majority were female {156 (57.5%) vs 124 (44.3%) male}. Mean age in male and female patients was 33.625 ± 3.34 years vs 35.150 ± 2.79 years with p-value 0.50 while mean IRG was 7.12 ± 1.47 vs 6.90 ± 1.17 mmol/L respectively with p-value 0.16 (statistically insignificant). Oral glucose tolerance test results showed NG in 61.8% (173), prediabetes in 24.6% (69) while diabetes was found in 38 (13.6%) patients. Optimal impaired random glucose cutoff value for diagnosis of diabetes was found 7.45 mmol/L (AUC 0.956 [CI 0.927-0.984], p<0.001, sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 74.4%), however, same cut-off value showed impaired random glucose as fair diagnostic test for prediabetes (AUC 0.771 [CI 0.717-0.825], p<0.001, sensitivity 72.5%, specificity 77.3%).......
COMPARISON OF TWO WIDELY USED ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS OLANZAPINE VERSUS RISPERIDONE IN TERMS OF METABOLIC OUTCOMES
Authors: Hussain Shiraz , Imtiaz Nomita , Amin Malik Awais , Khan Sana , Kakar Siddique
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the metabolic outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with Olanzapine and Risperidone.

Study Design: Quasi experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Rawalpindi,from Aug 2016 to Jan 2017.

Methodology: In this study 114 newly diagnosed psychiatric patients taking atypical anti-psychotics were selected and placed randomly into two groups i.e. group A (Olanzapine) andgroup B (Risperidone), 57 patients each. Patients of either gender, 20 to 60 years’ age, clinically diagnosed new cases having psychiatric illness using DSMV were selected consecutively. Baseline and six months’ end study data were collected and compared.

Results: Total 14 out of 109 (5 patients lost follow up) patients developed metabolic syndrome. Among these 10(18.18%) were in group A while 4 (7.41%) were in group B. Patients receiving Olanzapine were 2.58 times moreprone to develop metabolic syndrome compared to the Risperidone receiving [RR= 2.58 {C.I. 0.85009, 7.62703}].Weight gain (p-value = 0.0048), increased Waist circumference (p-value = 0.00867) and elevated Blood Pressure (pvalue = 0.0563) were seen more significantly with use of Olanzapine.

Conclusion: Olanzapine although associated with good efficacy but indeed with more serious and long-term side effects like impaired blood glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and increase weight. Psychiatrist must screen and continuously monitor such patients.
HEARING LOSS IN BLAST TRAUMA VICTIMS. A MULTICENTRE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Butt Kamran Ashfaq Ahmed , Bhalli Naeem Riaz , Siddique Wasif , Ahmed Attique , Khan Maryam , Ahmed Manzoor
Published: January 2021

Objective: To describe the resultant Otologic morbidity and report on the early outcomes following blasts occurring in twin cities of Quetta and Peshawar.

Study Design: Case series.

Place and Duration of Study: ENT department Tertiary Care Centre Quetta and Tertiary Care Hospital Peshawar. Study period was, from Jan 2013 to Dec 2013.

Methodology: All bomb blast patients brought to the hospitals were included in study. Participants completed Symptom Assessment Forms followed by detailed ENT examination and Pure Tone Audiograms on arrival and after 6 weeks.

Results: A total of 504 patients were included initially of which 80% of the patients were male. About 57.8% of the patients complained of ear injury, 21.6% of the total patients had tympanic membrane perforation on initial presentation. Chances of spontaneous closure of perforation were 20.9% in our study. Chances of hearing improvement were 17.9% in our study at the end of the study period.

Conclusion: Blast related otologic injuries constituted a major source of morbidity The most common type of hearing loss following a blast trauma was mild to moderate conductive type. Chances of recovery of hearing following blast do exist (17.9%). Suspected patients should be regularly assessed and followed up. Much work needs to be done to study the impact of blast trauma on hearing in our country.
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND SERUM LUTEINIZING HORMONE WITH SECONDARY INFERTILITY IN OBESE FEMALES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Humera , Siddique Nimrah , Cheema Rabia Akhtar
Published: January 2021

Objective: To finding the association of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) with secondary infertility in obese females in Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: District head quarter Hospital Sahiwal, from Mar 2018 to May 2018.

Methodology: The study was conducted at district head quarter hospital Sahiwal after approval from Institutional Review Board of Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. The Data was assessed by IBM-SPSS version 24. Frequency distributions of study participants were calculated. Significance of the associations was assessed by independent sample t-test. Bivariate analysis was also done to check the effect of different factors on secondary infertility separately. The p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results: Mostly (43.3%) belonged to middle class socioeconomic group. Nearly 54% were from urban residential areas. Majority belonged to (65%) age group between 31-40 years. When we calculated the association of serum follicle stimulating hormone and serum luteinizing hormone with the secondary infertility in these study participants then it was conclusive to find out that mean levels of both follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were quite low (12.11 ± 1.14 and 21.97 ± 3.74 respectively) in patients with secondary infertility as compared to those which were not suffering from it. Association of serum follicle stimulating hormone was also found to be statistically significant with secondary infertility (p=0.042).

Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that the low levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone are strongly associated with secondary infertility in obese women.
Neoliberal Küreselleşme Kapsamında Kalkınma Hakkı
Authors: PEHLEVAN BERBER Hatice
Published: January 2021

Eşitlikçi söylemlerle kalkınmayı yeniden inşa eden küreselleşme, uluslararası çapta pek çok girişime yol açmıştır. Bu girişimlerden biri olan kalkınma hakkı, Birleşmiş Milletlerin 1986 yılında yayınladığı Kalkınma Hakkı Bildirisi ile yasal bir zemine kavuşturulmuştur. Uluslararası diğer anlaşmalarla da kalkınma hakkı yinelenmiş ve böylece kavram güncellik kazanmıştır. Kalkınma hakkına dair yaklaşımlar içerik olarak çoğunlukla insan haklarına dayanmakta ve küresel ölçekte eşitliği, katılımcılığı ve toplumsal adaleti gözeten varsayımları ifade etmektedir. İçerdiği anlamlar bakımından, kavramın kendisi uluslararası alanda desteklenmekte, ancak aynı zamanda eleştiriye de maruz kalmaktadır. Kalkınma hakkına yönelik eleştirilerin ve neo-liberal küreselleşmenin sonucu olarak kalkınma hakkının özünün sorgulanır bir niteliğe büründüğü söylenilebilir. Kalkınmaya yönelik temel yaklaşımlar ile ortaya çıkan çelişkiler doğrultusunda, bu çalışmada neo-liberal küreselleşme eleştirilerine bağlı olarak kalkınma ve kalkınma hakkı düşünceleri eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmayla üzerinde durulan temel düşünce, küreselleşmenin sonuçları açısından kalkınmaya yönelik düşüncelerin çelişkili olduğu ve kalkınma hakkının eşitlikçi olmaktan uzak olduğudur. Mevcut çelişkiler sonucunda neo-liberal küreselleşmenin mevcut eşitsizliği pekiştirerek yeni sorunlara yol açtığı ifade edilmektedir.
Döngüsel Ekonomi Kapsamında GSYİH ile Geri Dönüşüm İlişkisi: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: ATEŞ Erdem
Published: January 2021

Sanayi Devrimi öncesinde üretim, insan ihtiyaçlarını gidermenin yanı sıra ticaret yapabilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zaman içerisinde nüfusun artması ile ihtiyaçların miktarı ve çeşitliliği artmıştır. Artan ihtiyaçlar Sanayi Devrimi sonrasında ortaya çıkan kitle üretimi ile karşılanabilmiştir. Sanayi devrimi ile birlikte doğrusal ekonomi olgusu ortaya çıkmıştır. Doğrusal ekonomi; hammaddenin sağlanması, nihai malın üretilmesi, tüketilmesi ve tüketildikten sonra atık halini aldığı süreci ifade etmektedir. İlerleyen dönemde, dünya kaynaklarının hızla tükendiği ve çevre sorunlarının ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu durum döngüsel ekonominin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Döngüsel ekonomi; hammaddenin verimli kullanıldığı, üretim sürecinde doğaya en az zararın verildiği, üretim sonrasında ortaya çıkan atıkların yeniden değerlendirildiği bir üretim yapısını ifade etmektedir.

Çalışmada döngüsel ekonominin en önemli bileşenlerinden olan geri dönüşüm kavramı 30 ülke için 2008-2017 döneminde incelenmiştir. Çalışma panel veri yöntemleriyle, dirençli tahminci Prais-Winsten (PCSEs) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken ülkelerin gayri safi yurtiçi hasılaları (GSYİH); bağımsız değişkenler ise, elektronik, evsel, ambalaj, plastik, kağıt, metal, cam, eski otomobil aksanları ve odun atıklarının geri dönüşüm oranlarıdır. Sonuçlara göre; plastik atıklarının ve eski otomobil aksanlarının geri dönüşüm oranının ekonomik büyümeyi olumsuz, diğer değişkenlerin ise ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu etkiledikleri görülmüştür.
1635 Revan ve 1638 Bağdat Seferlerinde Kütahya Sancağı’nın Savaşa Katkısı
Authors: POLAT Süleyman
Published: January 2021

Osmanlı Devleti’nin en önemli eyaletlerinden biri ve Anadolu Beylerbeyliğinin yönetim merkezi olan Kütahya, aynı zamanda 17. Yüzyılın ilk yarısında Batı Anadolu’da 29 kazanın bağlı olduğu bir sancak merkeziydi. Kütahya bu idarî konumuna bağlı olarak, Osmanlı Devleti’nin idarî ve malî her türlü organizasyonunda önemli roller üstlenmişti. Bununla beraber, devletin tüm birimlerinin katkı sağladığı ve bekası için en elzem faaliyet sefer organizasyonlarıydı. Dolayısıyla bu organizasyonun başarılı olabilmesi için sefer bölgesindeki tüm taşra birimlerinin tam desteği gerekmişti. Nitekim IV. Murat döneminde organize edilen Revan ve Bağdat seferlerinde de Osmanlı Devleti’nin tüm birimlerinin topyekün katkı sağladığı bir organizasyon yapılmıştı. Öyle ki bu çalışma Kütahya Sancağı’nın bu seferlere yaptığı katkı üzerinde yoğunlaşmaktadır. Özellikle, sefer bölgesinde olan diğer sancaklar gibi, menzil organizasyonuna ve ordunun ileri harekâtı esnasında Kütahya Sancağı tebaasının katkısı ele alınmıştır.
Dünya Toplumlarının Yaşamlarına Dair Bir Tercüme: Münif Paşa’nın Âdât-I Ümem’i
Authors: SONA İbrahim
Published: January 2021

Münif Paşa, Osmanlı dönemi kültürel yaşamının değerli şahsiyetlerindendir. Maarif Nazırlığı görevini altı yıla yakın yapan Münif Paşa yaptıklarıyla döneminde dikkat çekmektedir. Münif Paşa, devrine göre çok ilerici görülebilecek adımları ve yazılarıyla yönlendirici bir rol üstlenmiştir. Birçok dile hâkim olan Münif Paşa’nın farklı dillerden tercümeleri bulunmaktadır. Bu tercümelerden biri de Âdât-ı Ümem’dir. Sadece bir tercüme olmayan eserde, Çin’den Amerika’ya birçok ülkenin âdetleri ilgi çekici bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Meskenler, yiyecek-içecek ve giyim-kuşam olarak üç bölümden oluşan eser, okuyucuları bilgilendirme temeline dayanmaktadır. Osmanlıdaki folklor çalışmalarının ilklerinden olarak düşünülebilecek eser, Latinize edildikten sonra okuyuculara kolaylık olması açısından günümüz Türkçesine aktarılmıştır.
CROWN Crónica
Authors: Chavez-Silverman Susana
Published: January 2021

This creative non-fiction piece written in Spanglish called ‘CROWN Crónica’ stems ...
Queer Disidentification: Or How to Cook Chinese Noodles in a Global Pandemic?
Authors: Bao Hongwei
Published: January 2021

In an online research seminar titled ‘Intimacies in Asia in a Time of Pandemics’ (GCS Sydney 2020), Hans Tao-Ming Huang, a queer studies scholar from National Central University, Taiwan, compares the geopolitics in the current COVID-19 pandemic to a ‘new Cold War’. This war is characterised by an intense political and ideological antagonism between communist China and the liberal, democratic world led by the United States. In this antagonism, national borders are redrawn; political and ideological affiliations are re-enforced. As was the case with the last Cold War, the political and ideological affiliation of queer-identified people are under constant scrutiny. Queer people from China are often forced to take a stance by making a choice between China and the rest of the world, and between a country where LGBTQ rights are not recognised and the part of the world where same-sex marriages have been legalised and gay people can be ‘out and proud’, and between illiberal neoliberalism and liberal neoliberalism. This is a choice easier for some than others. As a queer-identified person born in the People’s Republic of China and currently living in the UK, I constantly feel the pressure to declare my own political and ideological allegiances. The ‘new Cold War’ accompanying the global pandemic has only exacerbated the pressure.
Heaven on Earth
Authors: Vallis CJ
Published: January 2021

‘Heaven on earth’ is a creative non-fiction piece which juxtaposes life under lockdown in Sydney 2020 with my experience of curfew in Kashmir in the 1990s. The COVID-19 crisis is explored from the resonances and dissonances across place and time. In this hybrid personal essay, I reflect on how a sense of space is constructed from wealth and community, and how a white, middle-class status benefits from lockdown, juxtaposed against the ongoing political and social isolation of Kashmir.
From Ise to the World in a Time of Pandemic
Authors: Grikun Yuliya , Kubincová Mária , Luk Sau Man , Petrova Anastasia , Rands David , Saberi Elham , Ugoretz Kaitlyn
Published: January 2021

A collection of essays on COVID-19 by scholars from around the world who shared a common experience in Japan in the early stages of the pandemic, and then communicated from their respective countries as the disease spread around the world. Written in multiple styles and with diverse perspectives, these essays provide insight into the similarities and differences, and the equalizing and dis-equalizing aspects of the world’s response to the pandemic.
How My COVID-19 Disruption Became My Privileged Boom Time
Authors: Riseman Noah
Published: January 2021

I was meant to spend the first half of 2020 on research study leave at the University of Cologne. My partner and I rushed back to Australia in mid-March, disrupting our plans and forcing me into a new working paradigm. Yet, the disruption wound up sending me into one of the most productive periods of my career. In this article, I reflect on how my privileges - both earned and unearned - have contributed to a boom in my academic work at the same time that it has wreaked havoc on the entire sector. I also reflect on how Covid-19 has not caused problems in higher education per se, but rather has exposed and exacerbated inequalities across the sector.
Los partidos políticos frente a la plena capacidad de opción
Authors: Artiga-González Álvaro
Published: January 2021

No abstact available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol 70, No. 740, 2015: 15-43.
Elecciones 2015
Authors: Aguilar Jeannette
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 70, No. 740, 2015: 45-60.
Auto emitido por el juez español Eloy Velasco
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 71, No. 744, 2016: 105-106.
Resoluciones de la Procuraduría en el caso jesuitas
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 71, No. 744, 2016: 107-156.
Las lecciones del caso jesuitas
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 71, No. 745, 2016: 163-172.
Factores familiares que intervienen en el proceso de adaptación de las personas migrantes retornadas desde los Estados Unidos
Authors: Orellana Sibrián Rafael , Ortiz Ponce Karla J. , Serrano López Silvia M.
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos,Vol. 71, No. 746, 2016: 407-431.
Lineamientos para la justicia transicional en El Salvador
Authors: UCA Instituto de Derechos Humanos de la
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos,Vol. 72, No. 748, 2017: 71-110.
Reseña de Violence at the Urban Margins, Javier Auyero, Philippe Bourgois y Nancy Scheper-Hughes (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2015.
Authors: Cuvi Jacinto
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 73, No. 752, 2018: 107-109.
La movilidad humana forzada de salvadoreños
Authors: Zetino Duarte Mario
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 73, No. 755, 2018: 785-807
El discernimiento en Mons. Romero. Influencia de la espiritualidad ignaciana
Authors: Cardenal Rodolfo , Tojeira José María
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 73, No. 755, 2018: 809-828.
El sistema, la policía y la política vistos desde adentro. Un acercamiento al Estado carcelario nicaragüense de cara a la represión
Authors: Weegels Julienne
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 74, No. 756, 2019: [147]-172
Los sacrificios humanos de la izquierda y guerra mundial contra los pueblos
Authors: Rocha José Luis
Published: January 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 74, No. 757, 2019: 199-222.
La credibilidad de los noticieros de televisión salvadoreños y sus periodistas
Authors: Chávez Natali , Zeledón Federico
Published: January 2021

En un entorno comunicativo altamente dinámico y en el que en los últimos años han ganado terreno las formas alternativas de acceso a la información, los medios tradicionales tienen el desafío de repensarse a sí mismos para continuar en las  referencias de sus públicos. En esa carrera por la supervivencia frente al auge de las nuevas plataformas digitales y, además, frente a audiencias cada vez más críticas y exigentes, los noticieros televisivos siguen teniendo un lugar importante. Sin embargo, la credibilidad de sus contenidos se ha vuelto una clara demanda para conectar con televidentes que privilegian la calidad, el conocimiento, la ética y la utilidad de la información.  Eso es lo que revela el estudio resumido en este artículo, que recoge la percepción que tienen tres generaciones de salvadoreñas y salvadoreños sobre los espacios informativos de la televisión nacional, así como qué aspectos inciden en sus hábitos de consumo noticiosos.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 74, No. 758, 2019: 427-450
La utopía ellacuriana de otra universidad posible
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: January 2021

El artículo destaca y explica las principales características del modelo de universidad que propuso Ignacio Ellacuría en la década de los setenta, un modelo de universidad distinta que asume a las mayorías populares como horizonte de su actividad y que configura y activa todo su poder institucional, mediante la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social, al servicio del análisis de las causas de la opresión y la transformación de la realidad histórica, con el fin de convertirse en un respaldo teórico, ético y político de una praxis histórica de liberación.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 74, No. 759, 2019: 415-431
ANALISIS KUALITAS LAYANAN PADA JARINGAN INTERNET SISTEM KUOTA DI IAIN PALOPO
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: January 2021

Peranan dari pembagian quota bandwidth sangat mempengaruhi QoS dari trafik. Oleh Karena itu untuk mendapatkan QoS yang baik, diperlukan pengaturan pemakaian bandwidthh dalam jaringan sebaik mungkin. Cara yang bisa di pakai dengan teknik klasifikasi paket data CBQ (Class Based Queue) yang sudah diterapkan atau HTB (Hierarchy Token Bucket) yang merupakan teknik terbaru. Kualitas layanan jaringan internet IAIN Palopo pada dasarnya sudah memenuhi standar Quality of Service jika dilakukan penerapan Quota Bandwidthh hal ini karena diterapkannya sistem Bandwidthh Controller sehingga performa dari jaringan internet sangat baik. Solusi yang disarankan dalam mengurangi terjadinya pemakaian bandwidth yang overload, dengan cara melakukan pembatasan halaman web yang bersifat hiburan seperti media sosial maupun youtube. Disamping itu juga adanya pemisah jalur koneksi untuk lokal dan internasional. Pemakaian jaringan melebihi total bandwidth akan mengakibatkan terjadinya packet loss. Penelitian ini mengemukakan pentingnya penyedianjaminan QoS yang dilengkapi dengan aplikasi monitoring EtE QM. Lebih jauh, penelitian ini memaparkan arti pentingnya aplikasi monitoring QoS dalam jaringan Internet.
VARIASI KOMPOSISI GRADASI BATUAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BETON ASPAL DENGAN UJI MARSHALL
Authors: Ramlan Ramlan
Published: January 2021

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Menurunnya nilai stabilitas, disebabkan dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah mastik dan turunnya nilai viskositas akibat bertambahnya ukuran butiran agregat kasar, yang pada awalnya turut membantu menaikkan stabilitas, tetapi karena mastiknya terus bertambah dan mulai berlebih, hal ini akan mengakibatkan ikatan antar butiran menjadi lemah,akhirnya menurunkan nilai stabilitas. Sehingga kemampuan agregat untuk menahan beban deformasi yang diberikan berkurang Nilai stabilitas tertinggi pada komposisi V dengan nilai 1764,548 Kg dan batas spesifikasi untuk beton aspal sebesar minimal 800 kg. Marshal Quintent terhadap variasi komposisi agregat kasar nilai Marshall Quotient bertambah akibat adanya penambahan jumlah agregat kasar yaitu pada komposisi I, II, III dan V hal ini mengindikasikan aspal yang melekat dan terabsorsi kedalam agregat mampu memperkuat campuran sehingga tahan terhadap beban deformasi. Pada komposisi agregat kasar IV dan VI nilai Marshall Quotient turun ini disebabkan oleh aspal tidak dapat lagi melekat dipermukaan agregat secara maksimal sehingga kemampuan untuk melawan beban deformasi semakin berkurang. Spesifikasi Density untuk aspal beton 1.8 – 5 Kg/mm.
Tinjauan Sedimentasi Terhadap Pola Aliran Sungai Ammasangan Kota Palopo
Authors: Sari Andi Kartini
Published: January 2021

Sungai amassangan terletak di Kecamatan Wara kelurahan amassangan kota palopo yang merupakan sungai dengan panjang kurang lebih 3,2 km setiap tahunnya selalu mengalami hujan deras menyebabkan terjadinya erosi di hulu sungai amassangan, hal ini diperparah adanya penebangan hutan secara liar serta pengalihan fungsi hutan di sekitar hulu sungai menjadi perkebunan menyebabkan terkikisnya lapisan tanah di hulu sungai dan mengakibatkan berkurangnya kapasitas tanah untuk menahan air sehingga terjadilah banjir yang membawa banyak material dari hulu sungai kemudian mengendap di dasar saluran sungai amassangan (sedimentasi). Sedimentasi yang terjadi di sungai amassangan ini semakin memperparah banjir yang terjadi di sungai amassangan setiap tahunnya, disebabkan air yang melewati saluran sungai amassangan telah melebihi kapasitas sungai. Akibatnya air meluap kerumah warga sekitar sungai. Penelitian dilakukan dimulai dari arah hulu ke arah hilir sepanjang 4,2 km. Kemudian di ambil sampel sedimen dari 1250 meter yang dibagi menjadi 4 titik pengamatan. Menganalisis besarnya muatan angkutan sedimen sungai amassangan menggunakan Metode Engelund dan Hansen dengan menggunakan debit maksimum sungai. sampel sedimen dilakukan di tiap titik pengamatan. Jumlah sampel yang dibutuhkan adalah 4 sampel untuk sampel sedimen dan 3 sampel untuk sampel air, kemudian diolah di laboratorium untuk memperoleh data berat jenis sedimen dan data berat jenis air sungai amassangan. Peritungan transpor sedimen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Engelund dan Hansen, debit yang diigunakan didapatkan dari data pos hujan Latuppa tahun 2014. Persamaan Engelund and Hansen didasarkan pada pendekatan tegangan geser.  Dari hasil analisis perhitungan muatan sedimen menggunakan Persamaan Engelund dan Hansen, diperoleh hasil muatan angkutan sedimen sungai amassangan adalah 0,05585 ton/hari. Dampak sedimentasi terhadap aliran sungai amassangan mengakibatkan Penumpukan sedimen di pinggir saluran maupun di dasar saluran sungai, Penyempitan saluran sungai, Pendangkalan saluran sungai, Kualitas air sungai amassangan menjadi buruk serta meningkatkan potensi terjadinya banjir di sungai amassangan
EVALUASI KUAT TEKAN BETON RECYCLE AGREGAT DENGAN CAMPURAN AIR LAUT DAN PREDIKSI MODULUS ELASTISITASNYA
Authors: Sulaiman Lusman
Published: January 2021

Produksi beton dengan konsumsi air tawar yang cukup tinggi menjadi fokus utama oleh pemerintah dan insinyur akhir-akhir ini untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi.  Ditambah, agregat normal (AN) yang semakin hari semakain berkurang jumlahnya dari sumber-sumber alamiahnya merupakan hal yang krusial untuk mencari alternatif pengganti. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memaparakan secara eksplisit sifat kuat tekan beton recycle agregat dengan air laut sebagai campuran dalam pembuatan beton sebagai material bangunan struktur dan prediksi modulus elastisitasnya. Pengujian eksperimen laboratorium dilakukan terhadap total tiga puluh spesimen uji berbentuk silinder (15x30cm) untuk mengevaluasi durabilitas beton dibawah pengaruh beban tekan dengan target sebesar 300 kg/cm² (29 MPa). Dua komposisi campuran yang berbeda disiapkan dimana campuran pertama adalah 100% air laut dan 100% agregat recycle dan kedua adalah campuran 100% air tawar dan 100% agregat recycle sebagai kontrol beton dengan faktor air semen sebesar 0.45. Kemudian spesimen uji diletakkan kedalam bak perendaman yang menggunakan air tawar dengan perbedaan waktu perawatan yaitu 3, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa kombinasi antara beton agregat recycle dengan campuran air laut (BAR-AL) memiliki kuat tekan awal tinggi pada umur 3 hari perawatan dan dicapai perbedaan kuat tekan sebesar 21% jika dibandingkan beton agregat recycle dengan campuran air tawar (BAR-AT) pada umur 28 hari. Oleh karena iu, diperlukan metode pendekan tertentu untuk meningkatkan kuat tekan BAR-AL agar setara bahkan lebih besar dari kuat tekan BAR-AT. Prediksi modulus elastisitas beton recycle dilakukan dengan menggunakan empat pendekatan matematis. Dari hasil analisis, persamaan empiris modulus elastisitas yang lebih mendekati real adalah dengan menggunakan pers.5 untuk BAR-AL dan persamaan matematis ACI318-14 untuk BAR-AT
EVALUASI BIAYA OPERASIONAL ANGKUTAN UMUM DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Natsir Rakhmawati
Published: January 2021

Angkutan umum sebagai  bagian dari sistem transportasi perkotaan adalah salah satu kebutuhan pokok masyarakat kota dan merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan kota pada umumnya. Biaya operasional yang merupakan salah satu dasar dalam penetapan tarif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada angkutan umum di kota Palopo untuk trayek terminal - perumnas. Desain penelitian secara kuantitatif dengan melakukan pengambilan data primer dan data sekunder untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya operasional angkutan umum. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan model rumus matematis untuk mencari besarnya biaya operasional kendaraan (BOK) angkutan umum pada trayek terminal – perumnas. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan biaya operasi kendaraan  (BOK) dan tambahan biaya lainnya yang ditunjukkan pada trayek terminal-perumnas, bahwa biaya yang harus dikeluarkan perkendaraan (mikrolet/pete-pete) per tahunnya sebesar = Rp 100.492.828,15 dengan biaya perkilometernya sebesar = 1.595.12  km/thn
ANALISIS KINERJA TEKNOLOGI SLAM - GMAPPING UNTUK ROBOT BERODA MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR HOKUYO LASER SCANNER
Authors: Rohman Fatkhur , Harsanti Winda
Published: January 2021

Permasalahan penting yang dihadapi oleh pengembang kendaraan otomatis adalah kemampuan untuk mendeteksi dan mengetahui jarak kendaraan terhadap lingkungan sekitar kendaraan pada saat beroperasi. Permasalahan lainnya adalah jarak halangan dan kendaraan tidak hanya pada satu arah/sudut saja, melainkan dalam semua sudut dalam radian 360 derajat. Permasalah tersebut dapat diselesaikan menggunakan algoritma lokalisasi dan pemetaan ruang. Sistem lokalisasi dan pemetaan ruang dalam bidang robotika dikenal dengan nama SLAM yang merupakan kepanjangan dari simultaneous localization and mapping. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi peta halangan sekitar robot dan merepresentasikan data tersebut dalam simulasi 3D secara realtime di simulator Gazebo, Mendapatkan data sistem odometry menyangkut posisi akhir dan arah robot terakhir dari posisi awal keberangkatan secara realtime, Menerapkan algoritma SLAM GMapping pada platform embedded linux di robot 2 roda differential drive.  Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melakukan validasi hasil simulasi robot terhadap kondisi nyata halangan robot. Simulasi dilakukan melalui Simulaotr Gazebo yang langsung terhubung ke robot. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa algoritma program SLAM GMapping mampu secara simultan memetakan bentuk 2D bentuk halangan sekitar robot dan secara bersamaan memiliki informasi posisi akhir robor dari titik awal. Sensor Hokuyo 2D laser scanner sebagai input sensor mampu secara optimal mendeksi halangan yang diujikan dalam lingkungan ruang uji secara akurat dan realtime
MODULUS ELASTISITAS BERBAGAI JENIS MATERIAL
Authors: Sulaeman Budiawan
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan modulus young (modulus elastisitas) dari berbagai jenis kawat logam, yaitu kawat tembaga, kawat baja dan kawat besi. Modulus young menilai keelastisan dari sebuah material perbandingan antara tegangan tarik (stress) dan regangan (strain). Modulus elastis dari Kawat baja sebesar 200,45 x 109, pada grafik hubungan tegangan terhadap regangan menunjukkan bahwa batas elastis ada pada beban ≤ 2,5 kg, batas plastis ada pada beban 3 kg - 5,5 kg, selanjutnya beban ≥ 6 kg kawat akan putus. Kawat tembaga nilai modulus elastisnya sebesar 117,83 x 109, pada grafik menunjukkan batas elastis ada pada beban ≤ 1,0 kg, batas plastis ada pada beban 1,5 kg – 3,0 kg, selanjutnya beban ≥ 3,5 kg akan putus. Kawat besi nilai modulus elastisnya sebesar 178,29 x 109, dari grafik menunjukkan bahwa batas elastis ada pada beban ≤ 2,0 kg. Batas plastis ada pada beban 2,5 – 3,5 kg, pada beban ≥ 4 kg akan putus. Penggunaan material uji menggunakan material dengan kondisi yang baik dalam menghindari terjadinya perlakuan negatif sebelum material tersebut diuji laboratorium. Dalam mendapatkan hasil maksimal, sebaiknya menggunakan alat uji tarik material mikro, agar setiap perubahan yang terjadi pada material dapat terdeteksi dan menghasilkan data yang lebih akurat