bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship of smoking to cg05575921 methylation in blood and saliva DNA samples from several studies
Authors: Dawes Kelsey , Andersen Allan , Reimer Rachel , Mills James A. , Hoffman Eric , Long Jeffrey D. , Miller Shelly , Philibert Robert
Published: November 2021

Numerous studies have shown that cg05575921 methylation decreases in response to smoking. However, secondary to methodological issues, the magnitude and dose dependency of that response is as of yet unclear. This lack of certainty is a barrier to the use of DNA methylation clinically to assess and monitor smoking status. To better define this relationship, we conducted a joint analysis of methylation sensitive PCR digital (MSdPCR) assessments of cg05575921 methylation in whole blood and/or saliva DNA to smoking using samples from 421 smokers and 423 biochemically confirmed non-smokers from 4 previously published studies. We found that cg05575921 methylation manifested a curvilinear dose dependent decrease in response to increasing cigarette consumption. In whole blood DNA, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Area Under the Curve (AUC) of cg05575921 methylation for predicting daily smoking status was 0.98. In saliva DNA, the gross AUC was 0.91 with correction for cellular heterogeneity improving the AUC to 0.94. Methylation status was significantly associated with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score, but with significant sampling heterogeneity. We conclude that MSdPCR assessments of cg05575921 methylation are a potentially powerful, clinically implementable tool for the assessment and management of smoking.
Classifying migraine subtypes and their characteristics by latent class analysis using data of a nation-wide population-based study
Authors: Lee Wonwoo , Min In Kyung , Yang Kwang Ik , Kim Daeyoung , Yun Chang-Ho , Chu Min Kyung
Published: November 2021

Migraine neither presents with a definitive single symptom nor has a distinct biomarker; thus, its diagnosis is based on combinations of typical symptoms. We aimed to identify natural subgroups of migraine based on symptoms listed in the diagnostic criteria of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to the data of the Korean Sleep-Headache Study, a nationwide population-based survey. We selected a three-class model based on Akaike and Bayesian information criteria and characterized the three identified classes as “mild and low frequency,” “photophobia and phonophobia,” and “severe and high frequency.” In total, 52.0% (65/125) of the participants were classified as “mild and low frequency,” showing the highest frequency of mild headache intensity but the lowest overall headache frequency. Meanwhile, “photophobia and phonophobia” involved 33.6% (42/125) of the participants, who showed the highest frequency of photophobia and phonophobia. Finally, “severe and high frequency” included 14.4% (18/125) of the participants, and they presented the highest frequency of severe headache intensity and highest headache frequency. In conclusion, LCA is useful for analyzing the heterogeneity of migraine symptoms and identifying migraine subtypes. This approach may improve our understanding of the clinical characterization of migraine.
Preparation of ZnNiAl-LDHs microspheres and their adsorption behavior and mechanism on U(VI)
Authors: Ouyang Yanquan , Xu Yuanxin , Zhao Limei , Deng Mingzhan , Yang Pengfei , Peng Guowen , Ke Guojun
Published: November 2021

Ternary zinc-nickel-aluminum hydrotalcites (ZnNiAl-LDHs) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET) and other test techniques. ZnNiAl-LDHs was applied in the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater, the effects of initial pH of the solution, adsorption temperature and contact time on its adsorption performance were systematically investigated, and the adsorption performance of ZnNiAl-LDHs and ZnAl-LDHs on uranyl ions were compared. The result showed that ZnNiAl-LDHs were 3D microspheres self-assembled from flakes, with a specific surface area of 102.02 m2/g, which was much larger than that of flake ZnAl-LDHs (18.49 m2/g), and the saturation adsorption capacity of ZnNiAl-LDHs for uranyl ions (278.26 mg/g) was much higher than that of ZnAl-LDHs for uranyl ions (189.16 mg/g), so the ternary ZnNiAl-LDHs had a more excellent adsorption capacity. In addition, kinetic and thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process of ZnNiAl-LDHs on uranyl ions conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The positive value of ΔH and the negative value of ΔG indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed by X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the adsorption of uranyl ions by ZnNiAl-LDHs mainly consisted of complexation and ion substitution. The research results prove that ZnNiAl-LDHs is an adsorbent with low cost and excellent performance, and it has a good application prospect in the field of uranium-containing wastewater treatment.
miRNA-200c-3p targets talin-1 to regulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion
Authors: Obeng Gideon , Park Eun Jeong , Appiah Michael G. , Kawamoto Eiji , Gaowa Arong , Shimaoka Motomu
Published: November 2021

The ability of integrins on the cell surface to mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix ligands is regulated by intracellular signaling cascades. During this signaling process, the talin (TLN) recruited to integrin cytoplasmic tails plays the critical role of the major adaptor protein to trigger integrin activation. Thus, intracellular levels of TLN are thought to determine integrin-mediated cellular functions. However, the epigenetic regulation of TLN expression and consequent modulation of integrin activation remain to be elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis led us to consider miR-200c-3p as a TLN1-targeting miRNA. To test this, we have generated miR-200c-3p-overexpressing and miR-200c-3p-underexpressing  cell lines, including HEK293T, HCT116, and LNCaP cells. Overexpression of miR-200c-3p resulted in a remarkable decrease in the expression of TLN1, which was associated with the suppression of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin. In contrast, the reduction in endogenous miR-200c-3p levels led to increased expression of TLN1 and enhanced cell adhesion to fibronectin and focal adhesion plaques formation. Moreover, miR-200c-3p was found to target TLN1 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). Taken together, our data indicate that miR-200c-3p contributes to the regulation of integrin activation and cell adhesion via the targeting of TLN1.
Sea ice presence is linked to higher carbon export and vertical microbial connectivity in the Eurasian Arctic Ocean
Authors: Fadeev Eduard , Rogge Andreas , Ramondenc Simon , Nöthig Eva-Maria , Wekerle Claudia , Bienhold Christina , Salter Ian , Waite Anya M. , Hehemann Laura , Boetius Antje , Iversen Morten H.
Published: November 2021

Arctic Ocean sea ice cover is shrinking due to warming. Long-term sediment trap data shows higher export efficiency of particulate organic carbon in regions with seasonal sea ice compared to regions without sea ice. To investigate this sea-ice enhanced export, we compared how different early summer phytoplankton communities in seasonally ice-free and ice-covered regions of the Fram Strait affect carbon export and vertical dispersal of microbes. In situ collected aggregates revealed two-fold higher carbon export of diatom-rich aggregates in ice-covered regions, compared toPhaeocystisaggregates in the ice-free region. Using microbial source tracking, we found that ice-covered regions were also associated with more surface-born microbial clades exported to the deep sea. Taken together, our results showed that ice-covered regions are responsible for high export efficiency and provide strong vertical microbial connectivity. Therefore, continuous sea-ice loss may decrease the vertical export efficiency, and thus the pelagic-benthic coupling, with potential repercussions for Arctic deep-sea ecosystems.
Dual function of HPF1 in the modulation of PARP1 and PARP2 activities
Authors: Kurgina Tatyana A. , Moor Nina A. , Kutuzov Mikhail M. , Naumenko Konstantin N. , Ukraintsev Alexander A. , Lavrik Olga I.
Published: November 2021

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is one of the immediate cellular responses to DNA damage. The histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1) discovered recently to form a joint active site with PARP1 and PARP2 was shown to limit the PARylation activity of PARPs and stimulate their NAD+-hydrolase activity. Here we demonstrate that HPF1 can stimulate the DNA-dependent and DNA-independent autoPARylation of PARP1 and PARP2 as well as the heteroPARylation of histones in the complex with nucleosome. The stimulatory action is detected in a defined range of HPF1 and NAD+ concentrations at which no HPF1-dependent enhancement in the hydrolytic NAD+ consumption occurs. PARP2, comparing with PARP1, is more efficiently stimulated by HPF1 in the autoPARylation reaction and is more active in the heteroPARylation of histones than in the automodification, suggesting a specific role of PARP2 in the ADP-ribosylation-dependent modulation of chromatin structure. Possible role of the dual function of HPF1 in the maintaining PARP activity is discussed.
Immediate and sensitive detection of sporulated Bacillus subtilis by microwave release and tandem mass spectrometry of dipicolinic acid
Authors: Gonzalez L. Edwin , Szalwinski Lucas J. , Marsh Brett M. , Wells J. Mitchell , Cooks R. Graham
Published: November 2021

Microwave radiation is used to lyse and extract dipicolinic acid (DPA) and lipids from Bacillus subtilis spores in one minute. Molecular analysis is by nESI-MS with DPA being confirmed by MS/MS at levels as low as 105–106 spores.
Voltage-induced fluorescence lifetime imaging of a BODIPY derivative in giant unilamellar vesicles as potential neuron membrane mimics
Authors: Sirbu Dumitru , Zeng Lingli , Waddell Paul G. , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Botchway Stanley W. , Benniston Andrew C.
Published: November 2021

Voltage induced lifetime imaging (VILI) is described using a BODIPY dye and Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) as neuron membrane mimics. Fluorescence lifetime modulation was shown to map to a change in voltage across the GUV.
A two-photon fluorescence probe for cell membrane imaging under temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM)
Authors: Lee Wei-Hsuan , Lai Jian-Zong , Hsu Yu-Hsuan , Cheng Fung-Yu , Luo Ching-Lung , Huang Yung-Chin , Lin Tzu-Chau , Chien Fan-Ching
Published: November 2021

A small-sized chromophore with comparable photostability and superior two-photon excitation/fluorescence efficiencies was designed and demonstrated to reveal cell membrane-related vesicles via temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy.
Densely vertical-grown NiFe hydroxide nanosheets on a 3D nickel skeleton as a dendrite-free lithium anode
Authors: Tong Cheng , Tang Xianyi , Dong Qin , Xu Rui , Wang Tao , Li Cunpu , Nie Yao , Li Li , Shao Minhua , Wei Zidong
Published: November 2021

Densely vertical-grown NiFe hydroxide nanosheets on a nickel foam exhibited outstanding properties in suppressing Li dendrites.
Recent progress in the CVD growth of 2D vertical heterostructures based on transition-metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Jiang Xia , Chen Fei , Zhao Shichao , Su Weitao
Published: November 2021

This review summarizes recent advances in the controllable CVD growth of 2D TMDC vertical heterostructures under four different strategies.
Study of photogenerated exciton dissociation in transition metal dichalcogenide van der Waals heterojunction A2-MWS4: a first-principles study
Authors: Cui Hong , Wang Yazhou , Liu Tong , Chen Yunjian , Shan Pengyue , Bai Xue , Jiang Qi , Zhao Xingchen , Li Zequan , Li Xujie , Chen Fangfang , Xiao Taiyang , Han Yang , Feng Rong , Kang Qin , Yuan Hongkuan
Published: November 2021

Exciton effects, hot carrier–phonon interactions should be taken into account with the aim of exploring the exciton dissociation mechanisms associated with photocatalysis.
Decoding lignin valorization pathways in the extremophilicBacillus ligniniphilusL1 for vanillin biosynthesis
Authors: Zhu Daochen , Xu Lingxia , Sethupathy Sivasamy , Si Haibing , Ahmad Fiaz , Zhang Rongxian , Zhang Weimin , Yang Bin , Sun Jianzhong
Published: November 2021

An efficient bioconversion procedure for the accumulation of vanillin from lignin by pathway engineering and milking fermentation has been developed.
Biohybrid plants with electronic roots via in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers
Authors: Parker Daniela , Daguerre Yohann , Dufil Gwennaël , Mantione Daniele , Solano Eduardo , Cloutet Eric , Hadziioannou Georges , Näsholm Torgny , Berggren Magnus , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Stavrinidou Eleni
Published: November 2021

Conjugated oligomers polymerize in vivo on the root system of intact plants forming an extended network of tissue integrated conductors while the plants continue to grow and develop. The conducting roots are used to store energy in the plant.
Multi-stimuli responsive properties and structure–property studies of tetraphenylethylene functionalized arylimidazole derivatives
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Zhang Gaobin , Chen Fangjie , Ni Yingyong , Huang Jianyan , Kong Lin , Yang Jiaxiang
Published: November 2021

Tetraphenylethylene functionalized arylimidazole derivatives G4, G3, G2, L-G4, L-G3 and L-G2 with multi-stimuli responsive properties have been designed and synthesized.
Promoting the stability and adsorptive capacity of Fe3O4-embedded expanded graphite with an aminopropyltriethoxysilane–polydopamine coating for the removal of copper(ii) from water
Authors: Wang Shunhui , Lao Wenjian , He Yi , Shi Heng , Ye Qihang , Ma Jing
Published: November 2021

In this study, three magnetic graphites, namely, EGF, GAF, and GFA + KH550, were prepared, which were loaded either with Fe3O4 or with Fe3O4 and PDA or with Fe3O4, PDA, and KH550 onto expanded graphite.
Recent advances in functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for light-activated tumor therapy
Authors: Chu Hongqian , Cao Tingming , Dai Guangming , Liu Bei , Duan Huijuan , Kong Chengcheng , Tian Na , Hou Dailun , Sun Zhaogang
Published: November 2021

Light-activated tumor therapy (photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, chemo-therapy and integrated therapy) based on UCNPs and the corresponding mechanisms.
Chemical synthesis of the organoarsenical antibiotic arsinothricin
Authors: Howlader A. Hasan , Suzol Sazzad H. , Nadar Venkadesh Sarkarai , Galván Adriana Emilce , Nedovic Aleksandra , Cudic Predrag , Rosen Barry P. , Yoshinaga Masafumi , Wnuk Stanislaw F.
Published: November 2021

Arsinothricin is prepared from 2-chloroethyl(methyl)arsinic acid or by reduction of N-acetyl protected derivative of hydroxyarsinothricin and methylation with methyl iodide.
Catalytic effect of laser-combined atmospheric pressure plasma in lowering the reduction temperature of hematite
Authors: Yoo Jaemin , Lee Dongkyu , Lee Jimo , Kim Taehyeong , Jin Hyungyu , Yun Gunsu S.
Published: November 2021

We report a novel method of controlling the oxidation state of hematite using microwave-driven atmospheric pressure plasma assisted by laser surface heating. The method lowers hematite's reduction temperature and accelerates the reduction speed.
Formation of double emulsion micro-droplets in a microfluidic device using a partially hydrophilic–hydrophobic surface
Authors: Kamnerdsook Ampol , Juntasaro Ekachai , Khemthongcharoen Numfon , Chanasakulniyom Mayuree , Sripumkhai Witsaroot , Pattamang Pattaraluck , Promptmas Chamras , Atthi Nithi , Jeamsaksiri Wutthinan
Published: November 2021

(a) Droplet encapsulation efficiency & inner and outer diameters of water-in-oil-in-water droplets at various frequency ratios and flow rate ratios and (b) Images of water-in-oil-in-water droplets over a frequency-ratio range of fr = 0.73–1.30
Cooking inspired tough, adhesive, and low-temperature tolerant gluten-based organohydrogels for high performance strain sensors
Authors: Xu Hang , Jiang Xuya , Han Xiangsheng , Cai Hongzhen , Gao Feng
Published: November 2021

Wheat flour is mixed with reduced graphene oxide to form dough, washed with water, and solvent-exchanged by H2O/glycerol solvents to prepare adhesive, non-drying, and low-temperature tolerant gluten-based organohydrogels and used as strain sensors.
Single atoms supported on metal oxides for energy catalysis
Authors: Li Runze , Luo Lei , Ma Xinlong , Wu Wenlong , Wang Menglin , Zeng Jie
Published: November 2021

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted wide interest from researchers, as they promisingly bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
Biological protein mediated ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutics
Authors: Tao Jiaoyang , Li Chaoqun , Zheng Yongquan , Wang Fengmei , Zhang Meng , Wu Xiaodong , Chen Yue , Zeng Qingquan , Chen Fengying , Fei Weidong
Published: November 2021

This review introduces the recent advances in the ferroptotic regulatory network and ferroptotic tumor nanotherapeutic strategies based on the key proteins in ferroptotic regulatory pathways.
In cellulo synthesis of dendrimeric sensors for fluorescence-on imaging of bacterial phagocytosis
Authors: Jiang Feng , Shi Yilong , Zou Xiaoxue , Han Jiahuai , Han Shoufa
Published: November 2021

Methods for optical tracking of pathogen–host interactions are of biomedical significance.
Helicobacter pylori-induced REDD1 modulates Th17 cell responses that contribute to gastritis
Authors: Yan Zong-Bao , Zhang Jin-Yu , Lv Yi-Pin , Tian Wen-Qing , Shan Zhi-Guo , Mao Fang-Yuan , Liu Yu-Gang , Chen Wan-Yan , Wang Pan , Yang Yun , Cheng Ping , Peng Liu-Sheng , Liao Ya-Ling , Yue Geng-Yu , Xu Xiao-Lin , Zhao Yong-Liang , Lü Mu-Han , Zhuang Yuan
Published: November 2021

Objective: Regulated in development and DNA damage responses-1 (REDD1) is a conserved and ubiquitous protein, which is induced in response to multiple stimuli. However, the regulation, function and clinical relevance of REDD1 in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis are presently unknown.

Approach: Immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to examine the levels of REDD1 in gastric samples from H. pylori-infected patients and mice. Gastric tissues from Redd1−/− and wildtype (WT, control) mice were examined for inflammation. Gastric epithelial cells (GECs), monocytes and T cells were isolated, stimulated and/or cultured for REDD1 regulation and functional assays.

Results: REDD1 was increased in gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients and mice. H. pylori induced GECs to express REDD1 via the phosphorylated cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) that activated MAPKp38 pathway to mediate NF-κB directly binding to REDD1 promoter. Human gastric REDD1 increased with the severity of gastritis, and mouse REDD1 from non-marrow chimera-derived cells promoted gastric inflammation that was characterized by the influx of MHCII+ monocytes. Importantly, gastric inflammation, MHCII+ monocyte infiltration, IL-23 and IL-17A were attenuated in Redd1−/− mice. Mechanistically, REDD1 in GECs regulated CXCL1 production, which attracted MHCII+ monocytes migration by CXCL1-CXCR2 axis. Then H. pylori induced MHCII+ monocytes to secrete IL-23, which favored IL-17A-producing CD4+ cell (Th17 cell) polarization, thereby contributing to the development of H. pylori-associated gastritis.

Conclusions: The present study identifies a novel regulatory network involving REDD1, which collectively exert a pro-inflammatory effect within gastric microenvironment. Efforts to inhibit this REDD1-dependent pathway may prove valuable strategies in treating of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
Development and application of metamaterial-based half-wave plates for the NIKA and NIKA2 polarimeters
Authors: Pisano G. , Ritacco A. , Monfardini A. , Tucker C. , Ade P. A. R. , Shitvov A. , Benoit A. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Goupy J. , Leclercq S. , Macias-Perez J. , Andrianasolo A. , Ponthieu N.
Published: November 2021

Context.Large field-of-view imaging and polarimetry instruments operating at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths are fundamental tools to understand the role of magnetic fields in channelling filament material into prestellar cores, providing unique insight in the physics of galactic star-forming regions. Among other topics, at extra-galactic scales, polarisation observations of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) will allow us to constrain the possible physical conditions of the emitting plasma from the jets and/or explore the physics of dust inside supernova remnants. The kilo-pixel New IRAM KIDs Array 2 (NIKA2) camera, installed today at the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30-m telescope, represents one of the best tools available to astronomers to produce simultaneous intensity and polarimetry maps over large fields at 260 GHz (1.15 mm).

Aims.The polarisation measurement, in NIKA and NIKA2, is achieved by rapidly modulating the total incoming polarisation. In the end, this allows one to safely isolate the small science signal from the large, un-polarised, and strongly variable, atmospheric background.

Methods.The polarisation modulation is achieved by inserting a fast rotating half-wave plate (HWP) in the optical beam. In order to allow wide field-of-view observations, the plate has to be large, with a diameter of 250 mm. The modulation of the polarised signal at 12 Hz also requires the waveplate to be sufficiently light. In addition, this key optical element has to exhibit optimal electromagnetic characteristics in terms of transmission and differential phase-shift. For this purpose, three metamaterial HWPs have been developed using the mesh-filter technology. The knowledge acquired in developing the first two single-band HWPs was used to achieve the more challenging performance requirements of the last dual-band HWP. The first and the third waveplates met the requirements for both the NIKA and NIKA2 instruments.

Results.We first illustrate the design, the technical developments, the fabrication, and laboratory characterisation of the three mesh-HWPs. The deployment of two such elements in the NIKA and NIKA2 instruments at the 30-metre telescope is then described. We conclude with representative examples of astrophysical maps integrating polarimetry.
Occurrence and statistics of IRIS bursts
Authors: Kleint Lucia , Panos Brandon
Published: November 2021

Small reconnection events in the lower solar atmosphere can lead to its heating, but whether such heating can propagate into higher atmospheric layers and potentially contribute to coronal heating is an open question. We carry out a large statistical analysis of all IRIS observations from 2013 and 2014. We identified “IRIS burst” (IB) spectra using a k-means analysis that entails classifying and selecting Si IV spectra with superimposed blend lines on top of bursts, which indicate low atmospheric heating. We find that ∼8% of all observations show IBs with about 0.01% of all recorded IRIS spectra being IB spectra. We find varying blend absorption levels, which may indicate different depths of the reconnection event and heating. IRIS bursts are statistically visible with similar properties and timings in the spectral lines Mg II, C II, and Si IV, but invisible in Fe XXI. By statistically analyzing co-spatial AIA light curves, we found systematic enhancements in AIA 1600 and AIA 1700, but no clear response to bursts in all other AIA wavelengths (94, 131, 171, 193, 211, 304, 335) in a time-frame of ±6 min around the burst. This may indicate that heating due to IBs is confined within the lower atmosphere and dissipates before reaching temperatures or formation heights covered by the hotter AIA lines. Our developed methods are applicable for statistical analyses of any co-observed data sets and allow us to efficiently analyze millions of spectra and light curves simultaneously.
Treating Severe Pediatric Keratoconjunctivitis with Topical Cyclosporine A
Authors: Biermann Julia , Bosche Friederike , Eter Nicole , Beisse Flemming
Published: November 2021

The incidence of chronic keratoconjunctivitis, which potentially causes long-term loss of visual acuity due to corneal opacity, is considerably less common in children than in adults. It is therefore in danger of being overlooked. In children the appropriate treatment is therefore often introduced too late, or to an insufficient extent. In this article we would like to raise awareness about the diagnosis of chronic keratoconjunctivitis in children, and to present an effective treatment plan for severe stages of the disease. There are two forms of chronic keratoconjunctivitis that occur most frequently in children: hyperergic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (hBKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). With hBKC, the patient often has a history of recurring hordeolum and also presents with blepharitis; it is characterized by the marked presence of corneal neovascularization in the lower circumference of the cornea. VKC is typically characterized by changes under the upper
eyelid, with marked changes to the superior limbus. If there is a risk of complications involving the cornea, or in the presence of such complications, a consistent long-term topical immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatment is required. Both of these properties are combined in the active ingredient cyclosporine A. Other advantages of topical CSA treatment are its steroid-sparing effect and the long-term reduction of exacerbations. Parents need to be informed about the chronic nature of these two diseases and their tendency to recur; because of these characteristics, treatment, in most cases, should be envisaged for at least one year in order to effectively disrupt the complex immunologic processes. This safeguards the childʼs visual development and prevents amblyopia caused by scarring and astigmatism. We hope that the data presented will lower the barriers related to prescribing CSA for topical eye application in children.
Flexibel, krisenfest und zukunftsfähig – Digitalisierung: ein Plus für die Ergotherapie
Authors: Liers Jessica , Bargfrede Jan
Published: November 2021

Aus der Not hat Jessica Liers eine Tugend gemacht: Im ersten Lockdown konzipierte und entwickelte sie gemeinsam mit Jan Bargfrede digitale Therapieangebote. Sie ist überzeugt davon, dass solche Angebote nicht nur den Klient*innen nützen, sondern auch die Praxis zukunftssicher machen.
Das FieberApp Register – ein Weg, um Eltern durch eigene Dokumentation zu einer abgestuften Entscheidung zu führen
Authors: Jenetzky Ekkehart , Schwarz Silke , Fingerhut Ingo , Kerdar Sara Hamideh , Gwiasda Moritz , Rathjens Larisa , Kulikova Olga , Martin David
Published: November 2021

Ziel der Studie Die Machbarkeit und Modellhaftigkeit eines App-basierten Eltern-Registers ist aufzuzeigen.

Methodik Die FeverApp als interaktives Erfassungsinstrument und die zugrundeliegende Datenstruktur des Registers werden vorgestellt. Die bisherigen Rekrutierungsbemühungen werden veranschaulicht und die Temperaturverteilung, sowie die Verteilung von Fieberereignissen im Jahr 2020 werden analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die FeverApp sammelt erfolgreich Daten in ein zentrales Register. Wie jede Studie informiert sie zudem über das aktuelle Wissen. Die naturalistisch erfassten, aktuellen Werte können auf die Krankheitssituation mehrere Ebenen (Messung, Fieberphase, Individuum, Familie, Praxis, Land) in Bezug auf die Krankheitssituation darstellen. Die Methoden zur Datensammlung müssen Pandemie-bedingt flexibel entwickelt werden. Das erste Rekrutierungsziel von 2400 Fieberphasen in den ersten zwei Jahren wurde erreicht, die landesweite Verbreitung steht noch aus. Es zeigt sich, dass die Körpertemperatur nicht unbegrenzt steigt; Fieber erreicht im Mittel 39 Grad auch ohne Antipyretika, wobei in seltenen Fällen auch Temperaturen jenseits von 41 Grad ohne Schäden erreicht werden. Weiterhin lässt sich im Vergleich mit einer Referenzpraxis zeigen, dass Fieberphasen in der App umfassender erfasst werden können, d. h. inklusive Infekte, die nicht zur Vorstellung in der Kinderpraxis kommen. So erfüllt die FeverApp den Einsatz von Registern modellhaft bei an sich Gesunden mit Infekten und bildet eine Mehrebenendiagnostik ab.

Schlussfolgerung Die FeverApp konnte sich als unterstützendes Werkzeug grundsätzlich etablieren, das Register kann mit der eingesetzten Methode reliabel Daten erfassen und bildet die aktuelle Infektlage ab. Bei der Erforschung der Frage, wie sich Infekte in der Post-Covid- Zeit entwickeln, könnte die App eine wertvolle Aufgabe leisten.
Die COVID-19 Pandemie als Herausforderung und Chance für
Register in der Versorgungsforschung: Erfahrungen aus Lean European Open Survey
on SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients (LEOSS)
Authors: Pilgram Lisa , Schons Maximilian , Jakob Carolin E.M. , Claßen Annika Y. , Franke Bernd , Tscharntke Lene , Schulze Nick , Fuhrmann Sandra , Sauer Gabriel , de Miranda Susana M. Nunes , Prasser Fabian , Stecher Melanie , Vehreschild Jörg J.
Published: November 2021

Ziel der Studie Aus der durch das Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) bedingten Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID-19) haben
sich Chancen und Herausforderungen für den Aufbau von Registern in der
Versorgungsforschung ergeben. Diese sollen exemplarisch am aktuell
größten sektorenübergreifenden Register mit einem
detaillierten klinischen Datensatz zu mit SARS-CoV-2 infizierten Patient:innen
in Deutschland, der Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients
(LEOSS), aufgezeigt werden.

Methodik Ziele von LEOSS waren es, ein kollaboratives und integratives
Register zur Erfassung von anonymen Daten aus der Versorgung zu schaffen und die
Daten der Wissenschaft im Sinne eines Open Science Ansatzes rasch
bereitzustellen. Alleiniges Einschlusskriterium war der virologische Nachweis
von SARS-CoV-2. Schlüsselstrategien waren die Reallokation der
vorhandenen personellen und technischen Ressourcen, die frühe und
direkte Einbeziehung von Vertreter:innen des Datenschutzes und der
Ethikkommissionen sowie die Entscheidung zu einem iterativen und agilen
Entwicklungs- und Anpassungsprozess.

Ergebnisse Getragen von den zahlreichen kollaborierenden Institutionen
konnte ein transsektorales und internationales Netzwerk mit aktuell 133 aktiv
rekrutierenden Standorten und 7227 dokumentierten Fällen aufgebaut
werden (Stand 18.03.2021, ein Jahr seit Rekrutierungsstart von LEOSS). Die
Nutzung der Daten wurde über auf der Projektwebseite verfügbare
Werkzeuge zur Datenexploration, wie auch über die teilautomatisierte
Bereitstellung von Datensätzen verschiedenen Umfangs, innerhalb kurzer
Zeit ermöglicht. Es wurden 97 Anträge zur Datennutzung aus 27
Themengebieten begutachtet. Im Peer-Review-Verfahren wurden 9 Arbeiten in
internationalen Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht.

Schlussfolgerung Mit LEOSS konnte in kürzester Zeit ein System zur
Erfassung klinischer Verlaufsdaten zu COVID-19 in Deutschland etabliert werden.
Auch wenn in anderen Projekten für spezifische Fragestellungen weitaus
größere Datenbestände durch direkten Zugriff auf
Quellsysteme analysiert werden konnten, wurde durch den einheitlich gepflegten
und technisch geprüften Dokumentationsstandard mit vielen
fachspezifischen Details ein sehr großer Datensatz mit wertvollen
Alleinstellungsmerkmalen geschaffen. Aus den Erfahrungen von LEOSS
können Implikationen für die zukünftige Gestaltung von
Registern und eine rasche Reaktion auf Pandemien abgeleitet werden.
A Review on the Halodefluorination of Aliphatic Fluorides
Authors: Young Rowan D. , Gupta Richa
Published: November 2021

Halodefluorination of alkyl fluorides using group 13 metal halides has been known for quite some time (first reported by Newman in 1938) and is often utilized in its crude stoichiometric form to substitute fluorine with heavier halogens. However, recently halodefluorination has undergone many developments. The reaction can be effected with a range of metal halide sources (including s-block, f-block, and p-block metals), and has been developed into a catalytic process. Furthermore, methods for monoselective halodefluorination in polyfluorocarbons have been developed, allowing exchange of only a single fluorine with a heavier halogen. The reaction has also found use in cascade processes, where the final product may not even contain a halide, but where the conversion of fluorine to a more reactive halogen is a pivotal reaction step in the cascade. This review provides a summary of the developments in the reaction from its inception until now.

1 Introduction

2 Stoichiometric Halodefluorination

2.1 Group 13 Halodefluorination Reagents

2.2 Other Metal Halide Mediated Halodefluorination

3 Catalytic Halodefluorination

4 Monoselective Halodefluorination

5 Cascade Reactions Involving Halodefluorination

6 Summary and Outlook
Enantioselective Syntheses of Yohimbine Alkaloids: Proving Grounds for New Catalytic Transformations
Authors: Scheidt Karl A. , Miller Eric R.
Published: November 2021

The total synthesis of bioactive alkaloids is an enduring challenge and an indication of the state of the art of chemical synthesis. With the explosion of catalytic asymmetric methods over the past three decades, these compelling targets have been fertile proving grounds for enantioselective bond forming transformations. These activities are summarized herein both to highlight the power and versatility of these methods and to instill future inspiration for new syntheses of these privileged natural products.

1 Introduction

2 Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids

2.1 Corynanthe-Type MIAs

3 Biosynthesis

4 Biological Activity

5 Scope

6 Strategies in Yohimbine Alkaloid Synthesis

6.1 Momose’s Formal Synthesis of (+)-Yohimbine

6.2 Jacobsen’s Synthesis of (+)-Yohimbine

6.3 Hiemstra’s Synthesis of (+)-Yohimbine

6.4 Qin’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbine

6.5 Tan’s Synthesis of (+)-Rauwolscine

6.6 Jacobsen’s Synthesis of (+)-Reserpine

6.7 Chen’s Synthesis of (+)-Reserpine

6.8 Riva’s Synthesis of (–)-Alloyohimbane

6.9 Katsuki’s Synthesis of (–)-Alloyohimbane

6.10 Ghosh’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbane and (–)-Alloyohimbane

6.11 Hong’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbane

6.12 Gellman’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbane

6.13 Scheidt’s Synthesis of (–)-Rauwolscine and (–)-Alloyohimbane

7 Conclusion
Hydrogenation of Olefins, Alkynes, Allenes, and Arenes by Borane-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Gellrich Urs , Wech Felix
Published: November 2021

In recent years, borane-based frustrated Lewis pairs have proved to be efficient hydrogenation catalysts and they have become an alternative to transition-metal-based systems. The hydrogen activation by classic FLPs leads to a protonated Lewis base and a borohydride. Consequently, hydrogenations catalyzed by classic FLPs consist of stepwise hydride transfer reactions and protonations (or vice versa). More recently, systems that operate via an initial hydroboration have allowed the substrate scope for FLP-catalyzed hydrogenations to be extended. In this review, hydrogenations of organic substrates catalyzed by borane­-based frustrated Lewis pairs are discussed. Emphasis is given to the mechanistic aspects of these catalytic reactions.

1 Introduction

2 FLP-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Polarized Double Bonds

2.1 Hydrogenation of Michael Acceptors by FLPs

2.2 Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Polarized Double Bonds

2.3 Hydrogenation of Arenes and N-Heterocycles

3 Hydrogenation of Unactivated Olefins and Alkynes

3.1 Hydrogenation of Olefins and Alkynes by an Initial Hydroboration

4 Summary and Outlook
A Systematic Review of Head, Neck and-Facial Injuries in
Cricket
Authors: Kodikara Dulan , Twomey Dara M. , Plumb Mandy S.
Published: November 2021

This systematic review was conducted to identify the incidence, nature and
mechanisms of head, neck and facial (HNF) injuries in cricket and the reported
use of helmets. Five databases were searched up to 30th November
2020. From peer-reviewed cricket injury studies published in English, studies
reporting on HNF cricket injuries as per the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were selected.
Twenty-nine studies were included. HNF injuries had a cumulative total of
794/5,886 injuries equating to 13% of all injuries. Non-
specified HNF injuries (n=210, 26%) were the most prevalent type
of injury followed by non-specified head injuries (n=130, 16%),
other non-specified fractures (n=119, 15%) and concussions
(n=60, 8%).The impact of the ball was reported as the most
common mechanism for sustaining HNF injuries in cricket. The use of helmet was
reported in only three studies (10%). From studies reporting on HNF
cricket injuries, facial fractures, and concussions were the most common
specified-types of injury. There is little evidence on reporting of HNF cricket
injuries as per the international cricket consensus injury definitions, as well
as the use of helmets at the time of injury.
Application of Oxidative Ring Opening/Ring Closing by Reductive Amination Protocol for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Functionalized Azaheterocycles
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Nonn Melinda , Ouchakour Lamiaa , Remete Attila M.
Published: November 2021

The current Account gives an insight into the synthesis of some N-heterocyclic β-amino acid derivatives and various functionalized saturated azaheterocycles accessed from substituted cycloalkenes via ring C=C bond oxidative cleavage followed by ring closing across double reductive amination. The ring-cleavage protocol has been accomplished according to two common approaches: a) Os-catalyzed dihydroxylation/NaIO4 vicinal diol oxidation and b) ozonolysis. A comparative study on these methodologies has been investigated. Due to the everincreasing relevance of organofluorine chemistry in drug research as well as of the high biological potential of β-amino acid derivatives several illustrative examples to the access of various fluorine-containing piperidine or azepane β-amino acid derivatives are also presented in the current Account.

1 Introduction

2 Olefin-Bond Transformation by Oxidative Ring Cleavage

3 Synthesis of Saturated Azaheterocycles via Oxidative Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Double Reductive Amination

3.1 Importance of Fluorine-Containing Azaheterocycles in Pharmaceutical Research

3.2 Synthesis of Azaheterocyclic Amino Acid Derivatives with a Piperidine or Azepane Framework through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Amination

3.2.1 Synthesis of Piperidine β-Amino Esters

3.2.2 Synthesis of Azepane β-Amino Esters

3.2.3 Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Piperidine γ-Amino Esters

3.3 Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Amination Protocol

3.4 Synthesis of Functionalized Benzazepines through Reductive Amination

3.4.1 Synthesis of Benzo[c]azepines

3.4.2 Synthesis of Benzo[d]azepines

3.5 Synthesis of Various N-Heterocycles via Ozonolysis/Reductive Amination

3.5.1 Synthesis of Compounds with an Azepane Ring

3.5.2 Synthesis of Piperidine β-Amino Acids and Piperidine-Fused β-Lactams

3.5.3 Synthesis of γ-Lactams with a Piperidine Ring

3.5.4 Synthesis of other N-Heterocycles

4 Summary and Outlook

5 List of Abbreviations
Laryngeal Mask Use in the Neonatal Population: A Survey of Practice Providers at a Regional Tertiary Care Center in the United States
Authors: Shah Birju A. , Foulks Arlen , Lapadula Maria C. , McCoy Mike , Hallford Gene , Bedwell Susan , DeShea Lise , Szyld Edgardo
Published: November 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of training, awareness, experience, and confidence of neonatal practice providers in the use of laryngeal mask (LM), and to identify the barriers in its implementation in the neonatal population.

Study Design Descriptive observational study utilizing an anonymous online questionnaire among healthcare providers at the Oklahoma Children's Hospital who routinely respond to newborn deliveries and have been trained in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP). Participants included physicians, trainees, nurse practitioners, nurses, and respiratory therapists.

Results Ninety-five participants completed the survey (27.5% response rate). The sample consisted of 77 NRP providers (81%), 11 instructors (12%), and 7 instructor mentors (7%). Among 72 respondents who had undergone LM training, 51 (54%) had hands-on manikin practice, 4 (4%) watched the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) NRP educational video, and 17 (18%) did both. Nurses (39 out of 46) were more likely to have completed LM training than were physicians (31 out of 47). With only 11 (12%) participants having ever placed a LM in a newly born infant, the median confidence for LM placement during neonatal resuscitation was 37 on a 0 to 100 scale. Frequently reported barriers for LM use in neonates were limited experience (81%), insufficient training (59%), preference for endotracheal tube (57%), and lack of awareness (56%).

Conclusion While the majority of the neonatal practice providers were trained in LM placement, only a few had ever placed one in a live newborn, with a low degree of confidence overall. Future practice improvement should incorporate ongoing interdisciplinary LM education, availability of LM in the labor and delivery units, and promotion of awareness of LM as an alternative airway.

Key Points
The role of literary fiction in facilitating social science research
Authors: Yazell Bryan , Petersen Klaus , Marx Paul , Fessenbecker Patrick
Published: November 2021

Scholars in literature departments and the social sciences share a broadly similar interest in understanding human development, societal norms, and political institutions. However, although literature scholars are likely to reference sources or concepts from the social sciences in their published work, the line of influence is much less likely to appear the other way around. This unequal engagement provides the occasion for this paper, which seeks to clarify the ways social scientists might draw influence from literary fiction in the development of their own work as academics: selecting research topics, teaching, and drawing inspiration for projects. A qualitative survey sent to 13,784 social science researchers at 25 different universities asked participants to describe the influence, if any, reading works of literary fiction plays in their academic work or development. The 875 responses to this survey provide numerous insights into the nature of interdisciplinary engagement between these disciplines. First, the survey reveals a skepticism among early-career researchers regarding literature’s social insights compared to their more senior colleagues. Second, a significant number of respondents recognized literary fiction as playing some part in shaping their research interests and expanding their comprehension of subjects relevant to their academic scholarship. Finally, the survey generated a list of literary fiction authors and texts that respondents acknowledged as especially useful for understanding topics relevant to the study of the social sciences. Taken together, the results of the survey provide a fuller account of how researchers engage with literary fiction than can be found in the pages of academic journals, where strict disciplinary conventions might discourage out-of-the-field engagement.
Probing intramolecular bonds just became much faster
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: November 2021

Improvements using 2D-Raman-THz spectroscopy and multichannel detection lead to data acquisition that is 34 times faster.
Simulating flagellated bacteria swimming
Authors: Cockshott Anne
Published: November 2021

Modelling the swimming mechanism and motility of bacteria propelled by flagella will aid the understanding of infection and future development of bio-inspired pharmaceutical microrobots.
Multiple periodic solutions for an asymptotically linear wave equation with x-dependent coefficients
Authors: Wei Hui , Ma Mu , Ji Shuguan
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we investigate the existence of multiple nontrivial periodic solutions for an asymptotically linear wave equation with x-dependent coefficients. Such a mathematical model can be derived from the forced vibrations of a nonhomogeneous string and propagation of seismic waves in nonisotropic media. By constructing a suitable function space, we characterize the problem as a variational problem, and then we prove that there are at least three nontrivial periodic solutions via variational methods.
Non-contact temperature control and stereo digital image correlation for high-temperature testing of miniature tubular specimens
Authors: Rahman Farhan , Ngaile Gracious , Hassan Tasnim
Published: November 2021

Component failures very often occur due to high temperature and multiaxial stress states arising at critical component locations. To imitate such loading conditions, a multiaxial miniature testing system (MMTS) with axial, torsional, and internal pressurization capabilities for high-temperature testing of miniature tubular specimens has been developed. Among many challenges of developing the MMTS, uniform heating, temperature measurement and control, and surface strain measurement on a miniature tubular specimen at high temperatures have significant difficulties. This paper addresses two significant challenges: first, the development of a non-contact temperature control system using infrared thermography to uniformly heat a miniature specimen of 1 mm outer diameter (OD), and second, the development of a stereo digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) setup for strain measurement on the miniature specimen subjected to high temperature. The developed control system maintains the test temperature through a closed feedback loop and employs a fail-safe mechanism to protect the MMTS load frame components against unanticipated temperature rises. The thermocouple wire-size effect on the measured temperature was examined for three different wire sizes: 0.05, 0.25, and 0.5 mm for accurate emissivity determination required for infrared thermography. Emissivities of the specimen surface at different high temperatures were experimentally determined. Inherent error analysis of the developed high-temperature stereo-DIC setup showed acceptable strain measurement uncertainty. The effectiveness of the developed non-contact temperature control system and high-temperature stereo-DIC setup has been verified by performing tensile testing of a 1 mm OD specimen at 500 °C.