bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Рекомендації щодо ефективного використання ударних безпілотних літальних апаратів в операції Об’єднаних сил
Authors: Павленко М.А. , Тіхонов І.М. , Нікіфоров І.А.
Published: March 2021

У статті розглянуті особливості застосування безпілотних літальних апаратів в Антитерористичній операції на сході України та особливості застосування ударних безпілотних літальних апаратів у військових конфліктах сучасності. Звертається увага на такий клас ударних безпілотних літальних апаратів, як баражуючий боєприпас, який є альтернативою розвідувально-ударним безпілотним літальним апаратам. Показано, що в Україні створено низку ударних безпілотних літальних апаратів різних класів, але більшість з них на теперішній час перебуває на стадії розробки та заводських випробувань. Доведено, що на використання ударних безпілотних літальних апаратів в операції Об’єднаних сил впливають чинники, що враховують виробництво власних бойових безпілотних літальних апаратів, закупівлю бойових безпілотних літальних апаратів за кордоном, управління їх застосуванням, систему підготовки фахівців із застосування бойових авіаційних комплексів та нормативні документи щодо застосування цих комплексів. Розроблено рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності застосування ударних безпілотних літальних апаратів в операції Об’єднаних сил.
Ein ägyptischer Junge aus Südamerika
Authors: Teẞmann Barbara , Stoessel Alexander , Bianco Raffaela A.
Published: March 2021

In der Rudolf-Virchow-Schädelsammlung ist unter der Inventarnummer RV 544 ein Kinderschädel inventarisiert, der aus Ägypten stammen soll. Informationen über die genauen Fundumstände, den Fundort oder den Sammler sind nicht bekannt. Aufgrund der vermeintlichen Herkunft aus Ägypten wurde der Schädel für ein Kooperationsprojekt mit dem Max-Planck-Institut für Menschheitsgeschichte in Jena (MPI Jena-SHH) für eine genetische Untersuchung ausgewählt. Die anthropologische Untersuchung ergab, dass der Schädel von einem etwa sechsjährigen Knaben stammt. Der Schädel wurde künstlich deformiert mit dem besonderen Merkmal, dass die Protuberantia externa direkt nach der Geburt vorsichtig eingedrückt worden ist. Dieser Befund ist im CT-Bild gut erkennbar. Aus Ägypten ist diese Art der Deformation nicht bekannt, sie ist jedoch typisch für Meso- und Südamerika. Die DNA-Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die größten genetischen Gemeinsamkeiten mit südamerikanischen Populationen bestehen.
Anthropologische und taphonomische Analysen zur Befundrekonstruktion der frühmittelalterlichen Alsheim-Schädel in der Berliner Rudolf-Virchow-Sammlung
Authors: Göldner Dominik
Published: March 2021

Da fast 150 Jahre nach Bergungen frühmittelalterlicher Gräber in der rheinhessischen Gemeinde Alsheim noch immer sehr wenig über den Fundplatz bekannt war, widmete sich diese zweite Abschlussarbeit zu den Alsheimer-Gräberfeldfunden vor allem dem Versuch, anhand des recht begrenzten Quellenmaterials so viele Daten wie möglich zu generieren, mit dem Ziel, Erkenntnisse über die Bestattungssitten und die Gräbergemeinschaft zu gewinnen. Im Vordergrund standen dabei anthropologische und taphonomische Untersuchungen der 15 menschlichen Schädel (RV 3128 – 3142 bzw. Alsheim I – XV) und elf Unterkiefer, die 1877 bei Weingutsarbeiten am Ortsrand Alsheims gefunden wurden und sich seitdem im Besitz der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (BGAEU) in der Rudolf-Virchow-Sammlung (RVS) befinden. Wie bereits im Bericht zur Provenienzgeschichte der Alsheimer Gräberfeldfunde von 1877 dargelegt wurde, war schon zu Beginn der Untersuchungen absehbar, dass, aufgrund des geringen Quellenmaterials, nur ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz, unter Einbeziehung archäologischer, anthropologischer und taphonomischer Betrachtungen, zu aussagekräftigen Resultaten führen würde. So sind den kurzen zeitgenössischen Fundberichten Virchows, Mehlis und Wörners von 1877, nur relativ wenige präzise Aussagen zu den Befundkontexten zu entnehmen. Anzumerken ist hierbei, dass keiner der drei Autoren oder andere Gelehrte beim Auffinden der Gräber persönlich vor Ort waren und ihre Informationen demnach nicht aus erster Hand stammen. Sie stellen dennoch die Basis für den Vergleich mit den taphonomischen Beobachtungen an den Knochen dar, welche in der Arbeit hauptsächlich thematisiert werden, um eventuell durch diese Rückschlüsse auf die Grabkontexte ziehen zu können. Informationen zu den Grabkontexten, der Lokalisierung und Datierung des Alsheimer Gräberfeldes von 1877, welche auch für die Befundrekonstruktion der Gräber anhand der Schädel eine wichtige Rolle spielen, wurden in diesem Band bereits durch Hämmerling erwähnt und werden hier nur dann erneut aufgegriffen, sofern eine Notwendigkeit dazu besteht. Durch das Bestimmen des Sterbealters und Geschlechts der Individuen, wurde zudem ein anthropologisches Grundprofil erstellt, mit dem Ziel, demografische Trends zu dokumentieren. Im Folgenden werden die wichtigsten Untersuchungsergebnisse des zweiten Bachelorprojektes zu den Berliner Alsheim-Beständen an der Freien Universität Berlin zusammenfassend vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Kindzentriert anthropologisch forschen
Authors: Hofmann Annett
Published: March 2021

Ein gutes Verständnis von Denk- und Handlungsweisen von Kindern zu erlangen, die in sehr unterschiedlichen kulturellen und sozialen Umfeldern aufwachsen, ist ein wissenschaftlich bislang nicht ausreichend bearbeitetes Forschungsfeld. Insbesondere hinsichtlich der Forschungsmethodik fehlen umfangreiche Auseinandersetzungen zur Durchführung und Auswertung qualitativer empirischer Langzeitforschungen mit Kindern.
Im Feld der „Kindzentrierten Anthropologie“ werden Kinder als Forschungsakteure in den Mittelpunkt gestellt, jedoch ist die genaue Absteckung und Ausrichtung des Selbstverständnisses einer „Kindzentrierten Anthropologie“ noch offen. Im vorliegenden Artikel möchte ich dazu einen Beitrag leisten, der nicht nur für Wissenschaftler*innen im Feld der „Kindzentrierten Anthropologie“ selbst von Interesse sein kann, sondern darüber hinaus auch für die interdisziplinäre Kindheitsforschung.
150 Jahre Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien. Eine Wissenschaftsgesellschaft im Wandel der Zeit – Rückblick und Ausblick
Authors: Mückler Hermann
Published: March 2021

Nur etwas mehr als ein halbes Jahr nach der Gründung der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (BGAEU) kam es 1870 in Österreich zur Gründung der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien (AGW). Diese konnte 2020 ihr 150-jähriges Bestandsjubiläum feiern. Der Beitrag nimmt auf die Entstehungsgeschichte der Gesellschaft Bezug sowie die zum Teil sehr engen Verbindungen zwischen der Berliner und der Wiener Gesellschaft. Neben einer reflektierenden Darstellung jener wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Beiträge – insbesondere jüngere Werke – die sich mit der Entwicklung der AGW beschäftigen, wird auf die nur teilweise aufgearbeiteten Verstrickungen der AGW in der NS-Zeit eingegangen. Des Weiteren werden die Aufgaben der AGW in der Gegenwart skizziert und potentielle Herausforderungen der Zukunft für diese Wissenschaftsgesellschaft angesprochen.
Hubungan Asupan Energi Dan Zat Gizi Makro (Protein, Karbohidrat, Lemak) Dengan Kebugaran (VO2Max) Pada Atlet Remaja Di Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB) Harbi
Authors: Muthmainnah Iin , AB Ismail , Prabowo Sulistyo
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang & Tujuan: Asupan makanan memiliki peranan penting dalam proses pemeliharaan tubuh dan pencegahan penyakit. Atlet sepak bola memerlukan asupan makanan lebih besar dari manusia umumnya untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi yang optimal. Disamping itu memiliki tubuh yang bugar menjadi faktor penting dalam mencapai prestasi gemilang bagi setiap atlet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, asupan energi dan zat gizi makro (protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak) dengan kebugaran (VO2Max). Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data asupan makanan berasal dari food recall 2x24jam tidak berturut-turut, sedangkan data kebugaran (VO2Max) menggunakan metode Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-yo IR1). Teknis analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara usia (p<0,05, r=0,370), asupan energi (p<0,05, r=0,445), asupan protein (p<0,05, r=0,362), dan asupan karbohidrat (p<0,01, r=0,498) dengan kebugaran (VO2Max). Sedangkan asupan lemak (p>0,05) tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dengan kebugaran (VO2Max). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, asupan energi, asupan protein, dan asupan karbohidrat dengan kebugaran (VO2Max). Hanya asupan lemak yang tidak berhubungan dengan kebugaran (VO2Max).
Penambahan Berat Badan Ibu Selama Hamil Dengan Berat Badan Lahir Bayi Di UPT Puskesmas Dlanggu Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Rufaida Zulfa , Puji Lestari Sri Wardini , Susanti Ika Yuni
Published: March 2021

Women weight before pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy are the main determinants of the baby's weight at the end. Women with low body weight (for example <55 kg) before pregnancy who achieved a slight increase in body weight (<4500 grams) during pregnancy had a higher incidence of giving birth to babies with low birth weight than mothers with greater weight who reached more a lot of weight gain during pregnancy (Benson, 2009: 135). The purpose of this study was to determine women weight gain during pregnancy with birth weight.This research design uses "Cross Sectional". The independent variable is the weight of pregnant women and the dependent variable is the weight of the newborn. The population in this study were all mothers with babies at birth in UPT Puskesmas Dlanggu, Mojokerto Regency. A sample of 50 respondents was taken using consecutive sampling techniques. Data analysis used fisher exact test with α = 0.05.The results showed that most pregnant women gained weight in the normal category of 36 people (72.0%). The majority of babies born underweight did not experience underweight, namely 42 people (84.0%). Fisher exact test results = 0.004 <0.05 so that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected, which means there is a relationship between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and the baby's birth weight at UPT Puskesmas Dlanggu, Mojokerto Regency.Women weight / before pregnancy and weight gain of pregnant women need to get attention because there is a clear relationship with the weight and development of the fetus in the uterus. Health workers should always provide education about nutritional needs during pregnancy and also monitor the development of pregnant women and the fetus so that immediate action can be taken if found abnormalities in pregnancy.Keywords: Increase in Maternal Weight During Pregnancy, Baby Birth Weight
Perubahan Kebiasaan Makan Mahasiswa Peminatan Gizi Selama Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Noviasty Reny , Susanti Rahmi
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang & Tujuan: Pandemi Covid 19 diketahui telah menyebabkan beberapa perubahan terhadap pola hidup masyarakat di dunia, tidak terkecuali masyarakat di Indonesia. Kebiasaan makan termasuk pola hidup yang juga mengalami perubahan termasuk pada mahasiswa yang sedang menempuh pendidikan formal di perguruan tinggi khususnya bagi mahasiswa peminatan gizi yang sebeumnya telah dibekali pengetahuan tentang kebiasaan konsumsi yang sesuai dengan prinsip gizi seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan kebiasaan konsumsi yang terjadi pada mahasiswa peminatan gizi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Mulawarman. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November-Desember 2020 terhadap 64 mahasiswa peminatan gizi. Kuesioner disebarkan secara online menggunakan google form. Hasil: Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi perubahan kebiasaan konsumsi yang teridenitfikasi yakni responden mengakui makan lebih banyak selama pandemi sebnyak 59,38% responden, terjadi peningkatan konsumsi cemilan (43,75%), serta peningkatan konsumsi sayur dan buah masing-masing 51,56% dan 62,5%. Kesimpulan: Sebaiknya tetap dilakukan upaya edukasi terhadap mahasiswa untuk dapat mengurangi resiko terjadinya pola konsumsi yang tidak seimbang serta pola hidup sedentary yang dapat menyebakan terjadinyagangguan gizi dan penyakit tidak menular.Kata Kunci: Mahasiswa Gizi, Pola konsumsi, COVID-19
Knowledge, Perception, Behavior and Practice Among University Students of Public Health Towards Obesity
Authors:   Umm Al-Qura University, KSA, Bushara Mohamed Osman Elamin
Published: March 2021

Background: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk factor to health. A crude population measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), which is used to classify weight status, overweight is the person with a BMI of 25 or more, while a person with a BMI equal to or more than 30 is considered obese. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess public health students' perception on obesity &overweight health risks, clarify students' knowledge, behaviors and practices that increases risks of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate students Knowledge, Perception, Behavior and Practices towards obesity among students of public health in Umm Al-Qura University, in which 50% of students (136)were randomly selected using stratified sampling technique. Results: The study clarified that (69.9%) of students understand BMI-obesity relationship, while (30.9) didn’t know, the study showed that among 136 students,124 (91.2%) understand obesity -diabetes mellitus type 2 relationships. Likewise, 112 (82.4%) understand the relationship between obesity and hypertension. The study found that out of 136 students (72.8%) are aware that obesity is a risk factor for sleep apnea, referring t student’s practice of physical activity, study clarified that only 69.9%of students were practicing physical activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a weakness in the perception and knowledge of students on BMI, study recommended for more concentration in academic activities to change this perception. The study concluded that the knowledge of students on major risk factors of obesity, relations of obesity with diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, sleep apnea, physical activity and weight control where acceptable. According to the study there were a problem in monitoring blood glucose and hypertension among overweight and obese students, which may be reflected in other health problems in the future. Recommendations: The study recommends for the introduction of extra educational and non-curricula programs on lifestyle, nutrition and obesity for public health student's, establishment of regular physical activities programs and strengthening of health education programs on overweight, obesity and other associated health problems inside and outside university campus. The study recommends for more researches to evaluate knowledge, perception, practice among public health and other students towards obesity.
LRRC8C is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with lymph node metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that leucine rich repeat containing 8 family member C, encoded by LRRC8C, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that LRRC8C was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues (5). LRRC8C mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of LRRC8C in primary tumors was correlated with patient overall survival in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of LRRC8C expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph node in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Use of machine learning to estimate statistics of the posterior distribution in probabilistic inverse problems - an application to airborne EM data.
Authors: Hansen Thomas , Finlay Christopher
Published: March 2021

The solution to a probabilistic inverse problem is the posterior probability distribution for which a full analytic expression is rarely possible. Sampling methods are therefore often used to generate a sample from the posterior. Decision-makers may be interested in the probability of features related to model parameters (for example existence of a pollution or the cumulative clay thickness) rather than the individual realizations themselves. Such features and their associated uncertainty, are simple to compute once a sample from the posterior distribution has been generated. However, sampling methods are often associated with high computational costs, especially when the prior and posterior distribution is non-trivial (non-Gaussian), and when the inverse problem is non-linear. Here we demonstrate how to use a neural network to directly estimate posterior statistics of continuous or discrete features of the posterior distribution. The method is illustrated on a probabilistic inversion of airborne EM data from Morrill Nebraska, where the forward problem is nonlinear and the prior information is non-Gaussian. Once trained the application of the network is fast, with results similar to those obtained using much slower sampling methods.
Confessions make verdicts more legitimate because they are easy to communicate
Authors: Mercier Hugo , Claidière Nicolas , Hacquin Anne-Sophie
Published: March 2021

In many judicial systems, confessions are a de facto or even de jure requirement for criminal conviction. Even if confessions are intrinsically convincing, this cannot explain why they should play such a paramount role. Instead, it has been suggested that confessions owe their importance to their legitimizing role. But why would confessions be particularly suited to justify verdicts?Justifications grounded in confessions might make better legitimizing tools because they can be more easily transmitted from one individual to the next, and thus spread in the population without losing their convincingness. 360 English-speaking participants were asked to evaluate the convincingness of one of three justifications for a verdict, grounded either in a confession, eyewitnesses, or circumstantial evidence, and to pass on that justification to another participant, who then had to perform the same task. In a second experiment, 240 English-speaking participants evaluated the convincingness of some of the justifications produced by the first group of participants. Compared to the other justifications, justifications based on confessions lost less of their convincingness in the transmission process (small to medium effect sizes). Modeling pointed to the most common forms the justifications would take as they are transmitted, and results showed that the most common variant of the justification based on a confession was more convincing than those of justifications based on eyewitnesses or circumstantial evidence (small to medium effect sizes). These results suggests that justifications for verdicts based on confessions are more easily transmitted, and thus can more easily legitimize verdicts.
Delay Discounting and Neurocognitive Performance in Young Adults with Differential Patterns of Substance Use: Findings from the Human Connectome Project
Authors: Naudé Gideon Peter , Reed Derek D , Strickland Justin Charles , Amlung Michael
Published: March 2021

A large proportion of individuals who use psychoactive substances regularly use more than one substance. This pattern of behavior, termed polysubstance use, is associated with greater risks than when consuming only single substance. The present study examined delay discounting, neurocognitive functioning, and demographic indicators among a large, racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of young adults drawn from the Human Connectome Project who reported either non, mono, or dual use of alcohol, tobacco and/or cannabis. Univariate and multivariate tests suggested individuals who reported using multiple substances were more likely to be male, experienced higher rates of alcohol use disorder, and, when reporting both alcohol use and cannabis involvement, scored lower on a measure of inhibitory control relative to those who reported mono or dual use of alcohol and/or cigarettes. Individuals who reported currently smoking cigarettes exhibited the steepest discounting irrespective of other substances used; however, we observed additive effects for alcohol use and, to a lesser extent, cannabis involvement. Specifically, steeper discounting occurred when individuals who reported either regular alcohol use or >100 lifetime instances of cannabis use also reported smoking cigarettes. We discuss several hypotheses for this finding related to the diversity of the sample and substances assessed as well as directions for future programmatic lines of research.
Tell me what you see: Late deposition of an atypical metallic artefact in Perdigões
Authors: Basílio Ana Catarina , Valera António Carlos
Published: March 2021

This work presents the deposition of a deformed metallic piece in the re-cutting of Ditch 7 in the Complex of Ditched enclosures of Perdigões. The filling of this reopening was done with the accumulation of a great set of stones, on top of which this elongated and serrated metal element of atypical typology was identified.This piece, due to the absence of direct parallels in the national territory, allows to discuss not only typological and terminological questions, in face of its formal distance from the Palmela Points/arrowheads or the tanged daggers. At the same time allows to think about its biography (presence of a serrated edge and distortion), contextual and chronological insertion, being noted a recurrence of certain types of late depositions in Perdigões, as is the case of this re-cutting in Ditch 7, dated from the third quarter of the 3rd millennium BC.
Koncokelas: Aplikasi Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Animasi sebagai Usaha Pemberdayaan Anak Putus Sekolah melalui Rumah Belajar
Authors: Gulo Yorizal Tri M , Nasution Ahmad Kevin , Batubara Beby Masitho , Waruwu Servista
Published: March 2021

The service activities in Duria Village aim to improve the quality of individuals in the context of human resource development, form community cadres as agents of change, become a pillar of pride for the community and know the work process and how to implement community empowerment activities with Concloc activities. The implementation of activities is carried out using 4 (four) stages, namely: the initial stage of introducing and planting material, values and norms to school dropouts in Duria Village, the second stage is to develop the orientation of Koncokelas cadres, the third stage is a continuation of the stage the first and second stage, and the last stage, where at this stage the Koncokelas Cadres are ready to carry out field activities. The service that was carried out in Duria Village was carried out for 4 (four months). In this service activity, the target audience is school dropouts aged 10-15 years. The concept of service, namely Koncokelas: Application of Animation-Based Learning Videos as Efforts to Empower School Dropouts through Learning Houses. The result of this dedication is that the Classroom activities have succeeded in increasing the knowledge and skills of school dropouts as well as increasing their interest and motivation to learn.
Sosialisasi Program Simpan Pinjam Khusus Perempuan Untuk Peningkatan Perekonomian Masyarakat di Desa Marjandi Pematang
Authors: Ritonga Syafruddin , Siregar Nina Salmaniah , Hidayat Taufik Wal , Matondang Armansyah
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this socialization is to provide knowledge to mothers about savings and loans, especially women who have a more role and benefit for the welfare and economy of the family. The method used is direct socialization to mothers, in the village of Marjandi Pematang Siantar. From the results of this dedication, that with the SPP mothers can play a role in increasing household income / income so that the economy can be further improved. SPP can help the capital of poor families if they want to open a business so that it is hoped that the community can live in prosperity. the people's economy can be more stable for those who really use it properly and correctly, namely as business capital. Members in a group co-exist and help each other, equally bear if one member does not pay then the other is responsible for the payment.
COVID-19 Health Precautions: Identifying Demographic and Socio-Economic Disparities and Changes over Time
Authors: Jehn Anthony , Stackhouse Matthew , Zajacova Anna
Published: March 2021

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has required the adoption of precautionary health behaviours to reduce the risk of infection. This study examines adherence, as well as changes in adherence, to four key precautionary behaviours among Canadian adults: wearing face masks, social distancing, hand washing, and avoiding large crowds. Data are drawn from Series 3 and 4 of the nationally representative Canadian Perspectives Survey Series, administered by Statistics Canada in June and July 2020. We calculate overall adherence levels as well as changes over time. Logistic regression models estimate each behaviour as a function of demographic and socio-economic characteristics to identify adherence disparities across population segments. We find a nearly universal increase in precautionary behaviours from June to July in mask wearing (67.3 percent to 83.6 percent), social distancing (82.4 percent to 89.2 percent), and avoiding crowds (84.1 percent to 88.9 percent); no significant change occurred in the frequency of hand washing. We observe significant disparities in adherence to precautionary behaviours, especially for mask wearing, in June; female, older, immigrant, urban, and highly educated adults were significantly more likely to adhere to precautionary behaviours than male, younger, Canadian-born, rural, and low-educated adults. By July 2020, these disparities persisted or were slightly attenuated; women, however, had consistently higher adherence to all behaviours at both time points. These findings have substantial implications for policy and potential public health interventions.
Food Insecurity amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Food Charity, Government Assistance, and Employment
Authors: Men Fei , Tarasuk Valerie
Published: March 2021

To mitigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the federal government has implemented several financial assistance programs, including unprecedented funding to food charities. Using the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series 2, we examine the demographic, employment, and behavioural characteristics associated with food insecurity in April–May 2020. We find that one-quarter of job-insecure individuals experienced food insecurity that was strongly associated with pandemic-related disruptions to employment income, major financial hardship, and use of food charity, yet the vast majority of food-insecure households did not report receiving any charitable food assistance. Increased financial support for low-income households would reduce food insecurity and mitigate negative repercussions of the pandemic.
Electromyographic Analysis of Muscle Activation Patterns During Bovine Transrectal Palpation and the Development of the Bovine Pregnancy Diagnosis Improvement Exercise Program
Authors: Annandale Annett , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Eksteen Carina A. , Kremer Wim D.J. , Bok Harold G.J. , Holm Dietmar E.
Published: March 2021

The unusual and tiring physical activity of bovine transrectal palpation (TRP) requires a novel approach to improve students’ TRP and pregnancy diagnosis (PD) skills. It has been shown that students who participated in an exercise program and students who had a grip strength (GS) of more than 30 kilograms performed better in bovine PDs. Participation in the exercise program increased students’ sensitivity (ability to identify pregnant cows) but did not increase total arm muscle strength. To identify which muscles are used during TRPs and to improve the exercise program, an electromyographic (EMG) analysis was used to identify muscle activation patterns and muscle activity levels during bovine TRPs. Eight subject matter experts (SMEs) each palpated two live cows and one Breed’n Betsy® rectal examination simulator while an EMG Triggered Stimulator recorded muscle activity. Muscle activation was higher for forearm muscles compared with all other examined muscle groups ( p < .001); was higher during retraction of the uterus and palpation of left and right uterine horn, compared with palpation of cervix, uterine body, left ovary, and right ovary ( p < .001); and showed an endurance pattern. Findings have been used to modify the previously developed exercise program in effort to improve students’ TRP and PD skills. The Bovine PD Improvement Exercise Program is available to students through an online application (http://icarus.up.ac.za/vetmlp/) and aims to not only improve GS and TRP accuracy but also stamina and well-being while adding fun to busy study schedules.
Training and Preparedness of Clinical Coaches for Their Role in Training Student Veterinary Nurses in the United Kingdom: An Exploratory Inquiry
Authors: Holt Susan L. , Vivian Sarah R. , Brown Hieke
Published: March 2021

The experience that student veterinary nurses (SVNs) have in the clinical learning environment can be greatly influenced by the clinical coach (CC); the supervisory relationship will affect student retention and clinical competency. To support a positive student experience, the training and development of CCs must be critically reviewed and regularly updated. This research aimed to ascertain the current CC training undertaken and the preparedness of CCs for their role in training SVNs. We used a prospective cross-sectional study design. An online survey was distributed over 4 weeks to CCs across the United Kingdom representing a range of educational institutions, and it generated 80 responses. Prior to undertaking their initial CC training, CCs had been qualified practitioners for a median of 2.2 years (IQR = 4.16y). CCs stated they needed more course content during their training regarding student teaching and pastoral support, more support from associated institutions, and there was a call for a longer training period leading to a formal qualification. Providing CC training with broader course content and some level of evaluation should be considered to develop and assess the non-clinical skills that are vital to the role.
Interrater Reliability among Novice Raters in the Assessment of Pelvic Floor Muscle Tone Using the Reissing Tone Scale
Authors: Fonteyne Louise , Guinois-Côté Stéphanie , Perugino Liana , Truong Marianne , Zaichenko Daria , Lord Marie-Josée , Brown Claudia , Preuss Richard
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The authors sought to determine the interrater reliability among novice raters of intra-vaginal manual assessment of pubococcygeus muscle tone in women using the Reissing tone scale (RTS). Method: Three graduating physiotherapy students (novice raters) and one experienced pelvic floor physiotherapist assessed 31 female participants (aged 20–66 y). Assessors gave RTS scores for pubococcygeus tone at three intra-vaginal locations (6:00, 9:00, and 3:00). Interrater reliability was determined for the novice raters using a two-way random single-measures absolute agreement intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Spearman rank correlation (SRC) analysis determined the correlation between the novice and expert scores. Results: The ICC values for the novice raters were 0.523, 0.274, and 0.336 at 6:00, 9:00, and 3:00, and the SRC values between the novice and expert raters were 0.580, 0.320, and 0.340. Conclusions: The novice raters demonstrated low to moderate interrater reliability for intra-vaginal manual assessment of pubococcygeus tone. This result indicates that manual assessment of pelvic floor muscle tone is not reliable enough to use as a stand-alone test to guide treatment, at least for physiotherapists with limited clinical experience.
Phytogenics in Aquaculture: A Short Review of Their Effects on Gut Health and Microflora in Fish
Authors: Caipang Christopher Marlowe A.
Published: March 2021

Increasing pace in aquaculture development to meet the growing food requirements of the population has greatly compromised the carrying capacity of the culture environment and has placed the aquacultured animals at heightened risk of getting diseases due to pathogens. At present, chemotherapy is widely used as means to prevent or treat infectious diseases in aquaculture; however, the use of these drugs poses multiple negative impacts on fish and human health, as well as the environment. Recently, research initiatives are focused on the use of plant products and their derivatives as a means of controlling diseases in aquaculture. They are regarded as a promising alternative to the use of chemical treatments for infectious diseases in fish. Plant-derived products or phytogenics have been shown to stimulate appetite and promote weight gain in farmed animals, act as immunostimulants, and possess potent anti-pathogenic properties in fish. Their potency is mediated by the presence of bioactive molecules including alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids, among others. Moreover, nutritional strategies are geared towards the use of these phytogenics in modulating immune and physiological responses, as well as promoting optimum health and microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the use of phytogenic feed additives in aquaculture by focusing on how these substances act as modulators of health and bacterial community in the gut of fish.
Evaluasi Penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility pada Program Kemitraan dan Bina Lingkungan
Authors: Anwari Rian Febri
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT. Industri Gula Glenmore (IGG) yang berbentuk program kemitraan dan bina lingkungan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitar perusahaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penentuan subjek penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program-program yang dilaksanakan oleh PT. IGG diantaranya adalah kemitraan, bantuan sarana prasarana dan bantuan pendidikan. Strategi yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan CSR PT. IGG adalah Mixed Type. Prinsip yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan CSR PT. IGG adalah keberlanjutan, pertanggungjawaban dan keterbukaan. Program kemitraan termasuk dalam kategori community development dan bina lingkungan termasuk dalam kategori community philantrophy. Simpulan, pimpinan turut andil dalam pelaksanaan CSR di PT. IGG. Transparansi berupa pelaporan kegiatan CSR dilakukan setiap tiga bulan sekali dengan cakupan wilayah yaitu pada masyarakat sekitar PT. IGG. Adapun pada kegiatan monitoring yang dilaksanakan masih belum maksimal, dimana terdapat masalah berupa pengembalian pinjaman dari mitra binaan yang terhenti. Pelibatan stakeholder yaitu pada program kemitraan. Hasil nyata ditunjukkan oleh mitra binaan yang sudah berhasil mandiri. Program Kemitraan dan Bina Lingkungan berlanjut setiap tahun.

Kata Kunci: Bina Lingkungan, Corporate Social Responsibility, Program Kemitraan
Growth and yield of modal scots pine stands in the Chornobyl exclusion zone
Authors: Vasylyshyn R. D. , Slyva O. A.
Published: March 2021

In the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, Scots pine stands, which cover an area of over 80,000 hectares, perform an important environmental function, in particular, they serve as a significant natural factor influencing the regional carbon balance of the region’s forest ecosystems. The efficiency of production of this function significantly depends on the balance of management decisions regarding forest management and rational use of forest resources within radiation-contaminated areas. The information base for ensuring sustainable forest management, including monitoring of radionuclide migration in forest ecosystems of the Exclusion zone, is represented by a set of reference and information support, an important component of which are yield tables for modal stands. In order to supplement this complex with information on the peculiarities of Scots pine stands growth, mathematical models of dynamics of biometric indices are proposed and forest typology-based yield tables of modal pine stands of Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are developed within this work. The information basis of the research is presented by information from the database of IA “Ukrderzhlisproekt”, which contains the biometric assessment characteristics of Scots pine stands in the study region, as well as data from 18 temporary sample plots. In course of modelling, power and exponential growth functions were used. As a result, mathematical models of mean height, mean diameter, sum of basal area, growing stock and total productivity of pine stands of the studied region are proposed. These mathematical dependences serve as a basis for the development of forest typology-based yield tables for modal Scots pine stands. In particular, yield tables for modal pine stands growing in dry infertile pine sites, fresh infertile pine sites, fresh fairly infertile pine-oak sites, moist fairly infertile pine-oak sites and moist fairly fertile hornbeam-oak-pine sites are proposed. The developed mathematical models describe the dynamics of biometric indices for more than 90 % of the area of Scots pine stands in the study region.
Economic evaluation of use of unmanned aerial vehicles in Ukraine’s forest management planning
Authors: Lakyda I. P. , Kutskyi V. O.
Published: March 2021

Today, unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used in various sectors of economy, including forestry. Therefore, there is a need for rationing and economic evaluation of these types of activity. Technical standardization of labor is an important stage in the implementation of innovative approaches, technologies, techniques, engineering samples and appliances in all spheres of production. This study serves the purpose of assessing the economic performance of unmanned aerial vehicles at aerial field work during forest management planning activities. The separate unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Boiarka Forest Research Station” was identified as the base enterprise. The main analyzed means of technics within the scope of this research is the copter type unmanned aerial vehicle DJI Phantom 4. Based on the data of motion and time study of a quadcopter operator’s shifts, a rational balance of working time of a shift alongside with the normative indicators of labor productivity during aerial photographing activity were calculated. It is possible to adjust the production rate depending on the total travelled distance during a working shift. On the basis of the developed standards of labor productivity, the full prime cost of carrying out aerial photography on an area of 1 ha has been calculated. A comparison of the cost of carrying out aerial photography by means of an unmanned aerial vehicle with the cost of forest management planning and forest certification fieldwork has also been carried out. The results of the study suggest that provided the comparable qualitative and quantitative indicators of the collected data, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for local clarification of the situation is less expensive compared to surveys by field teams.
Review Essay
Authors: Milder Stephen
Published: March 2021

Wolfgang Gründinger, Drivers of Energy Transition: How Interest Groups Influenced Energy Politics in Germany (Wiesbaden: Springer vs, 2017).

Thomas Unnerstall, The German Energy Transition: Design, Implementation, Cost and Lessons (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2017).
Minimum-storage regenerating codes resistant to special adversary
Authors: Kruglik Stanislav
Published: March 2021

Introduction: In order to deal with temporarily unavailable nodes in a distributed storage system, engineers apply special classes of erasure correction codes. These codes allow you to repair a temporarily unavailable node by downloading small amounts of data from the remaining ones. However, this creates safety threats in the presence of an eavesdropper. Purpose: Introducing a new mathematical model in which the eavesdropper has a limited access to all nodes in the system, and developing codes resistant to it. Methods: Information-theoretic arguments, and mixing information symbols with random ones by systematic Reed — Solomon code.  Results: We introduced a new mathematical model of an eavesdropper with limited access to all nodes in a distributed storage system. Note that the proposed eavesdropper is passive, being unable to change the accessed data. We found parameters for optimal regenerating codes resistant to such adversary, and provided a technique to ensure necessary resistance. As a result, we obtained the construction of optimal minimum storage regenerating codes resistant to such adversary. Practical relevance: The proposed constructions can provide resistance to adversary while ensuring effective data repair.
Contribution of online platform reservations to increase room occupancy at The Haven Hotel Bali Seminyak
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Wulandari Ayu Widya , Susanto Budi ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Triyuni Ni Nyoman ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Sarja Ni Luh Ayu Kartika Yuniastari ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Budarma I Ketut ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: March 2021

This study discusses the contribution of online platform reservations to room occupancy rates at The Haven Hotel Bali Seminyak. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of online platform reservations to room occupancy rates and to find out which online platforms contributed the most. Data collection methods used are observation, interview, documentation. The analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive statistics. The results of this study stated that the contribution of the average percentage of online platforms for four years always fluctuates every year. Expedia for the last four years contributed 21.63% room occupancy rate, Booking.com for the last four years contributed 21.50% room occupancy rate, Agoda for the last four years contributed 10.66% room occupancy rate, Traveloka for four last year contributed 1.51% room occupancy rate, Hotelbed for the last four years contributed 2.14% room occupancy rate. Expedia contributed the most, viz 21.63% of room occupancy rate contribution for the last four years.
STUDI TINGKAT LITERASI MEMBACA MAHASISWA SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Hakim M. Nur
Published: March 2021

Online learning activities are carried out to reduce the number of covid-19 spread and are considered quite effective to be applied by utilizing various technological media as a learning process and resource. This study aims to describe the level of reading literacy skills of students during online learning. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The data collection technique is done by using a questionnaire via google form and conducting interviews to strengthen the research data. The data analysis was carried out through quantitative descriptive techniques. The data obtained from the questionnaire results are presented in the form of a percentage. Furthermore, the data is described to determine the level of students' reading literacy skills during online learning. The results showed that the reading literacy level of students during online learning was quite effective as seen from the average time spent by students in reading around 1-2 hours a day by reading subject references, using social media as a learning resource, and reading online news, because it has easy access to information via a smartphone.
ANALISIS UPAYA ORANG TUA DALAM MENDIDIK ANAK DIMASA PANDEMI
Authors: Munjiat Siti Maryam
Published: March 2021

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the efforts of parents in educating children during the covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 pandemic makes it difficult for teachers, parents and students to carry out education. Therefore, in order to avoid the distance between the teacher, parents and students, the purpose of the research is carried out. The research method used is library research or library research by collecting journals, books and previous research results that are relevant to the above theme. The results of this study are: 1) Time management; manage work time and time to educate children. 2) Occasionally invite children to discuss about problems experienced in doing learning, 3) Be uswah/ model for children, do good things in front of children. 4) Accompany children when learning online, 5) In order not to be bored, do positive things with children, such as raising birds, planting trees and others. 6) Pray for children especially after praying,

Keywords: Pandemic periode, Parents’ effort, Educating children
SELF-EFFICACY SEBAGAI MEDIA PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALISME GURU DI MADRASAH
Authors: Baharun Hasan , Bali Muhammad Mushfi El Iq , Muali Chusnul , Munawaroh Laili
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze self-efficacy in building the professionalism of Islamic Education teachers at MTs Darul Ulum, Bungatan, Situbondo, East Java. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenology. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. While the data analysis was carried out in a circular manner by following the Spradley model, namely; domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, componential analysis, and discovering cultural themes. The results showed that increasing the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education teachers through self-efficacy at MTs Darul Ulum Bungatan, Situbondo was carried out through; delegation of authority given by the leadership to teachers, strengthening of self-commitment as the basis for strengthening dedication, quality-oriented teacher behavior as an organizational culture and building a positive thinking attitude to strengthen performance and a spirit of dedication.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KEDISIPLINAN APARATUR DESA DI KECAMATAN KASIMBAR
Authors: Sujarwadi Sujarwadi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kedisipinan Aparatur Desa di Kec. Kasimbar, pengaruh Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kedisipinan Aparatur Desa di Kec. Kasimbar. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh populasi yaitu 78 aparatur di tiga desa kec. kasimbar. Tehnik ini dipakai dengan tujuan agar dapat memperoleh informasi yang lebih lengkap tentang kondisi sebenarnya. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: hasil perhitungan diperoleh Fhitung = 22.432 pada taraf nyata ά = 0,05 atau Sig F < 0,05. nilai signifgikansi F = 0,000. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa secara bersama-sama (simultan) variabel bebas mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel tidak bebasnya; kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kedisiplinan aparatur desa dengan nilai sig 0.003; motivasi kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kedisipinan aparatur desa dengan nilai sig 0.244.

 

Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Kerja, Kedisiplinan.