bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Determination of Silver Metal Ion Using Polyamine‐Based Ratiometric Chemosensor in an Aqueous Medium and Its Real‐Time Applicability as a Silver Sink
Authors: Verma Meenakshi , Kaur Amanpreet , Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: July 2018

Despite its antibacterial activity, silver also posses potential threats to the environment and human health. An excess of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) released from various sources may enter the environment and have adverse effects on microbial communities. Therefore detection of free silver becomes an important task especially in aqueous medium. In this work, we have synthesized polyamine‐based ratiometric silver sensor 3. In order to evaluate the activity of 3 in aqueous medium, it was processed into organic nanoparticles using re‐precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The detection limit of this sensor is determined to be 2 nM. Silver sink effect of the synthesized probe has also been determined using E. coli as a bacterial probe.
Water‐PEG‐400 Mediated an Efficient One‐Pot Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Functionalized Isoxazole Substituted Chromeno[2, 3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Ponduri Rajasekhar , Kumar Pramod , Vadali Lakshmana RAO , Modugu Nagi Reddy
Published: July 2018

A green, straightforward, and efficient protocol for the synthesis of a new series of isoxazolyl chromeno[2, 3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carboxylate derivatives have been reported by one‐pot reaction of isoxazolyl enamino esters and 3‐formylchromones by employing water as a reaction medium and polyethylene glycol‐400 (PEG‐400) as the green promoter. The superiority of this protocol is environmentally benign, simple operation, metal‐free, broad substrate scope, good yields, less reaction time and PEG‐400 can be recovered and reused. Most significant of all, this protocol is green.
An Improved Synthetic Protocol for Benzothiazoles via Ring Opening of Benzotriazole
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Singh Anoop S. , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: July 2018

An improved procedure for the construction of benzothiazole scaffold via intramolecular cyclative cleavage of benzotriazole ring under free radical condition was successfully accomplished. The protocol utilises NaBH4 which regenerates the active reagent n‐Bu3SnH in the reaction medium and makes this method cost effective and less toxic as a substitute of expensive and toxic silanes.
Microwave‐Assisted Decarbonylative Coupling Reaction of o‐Halobenzamides for Phenanthridinone Synthesis
Authors: Chen Xuwen , Liu Yunyun
Published: July 2018

The microwave assisted synthesis of valuable phenanthridinones via the homo‐annulation of o‐halobenzamides is realized via palladium catalysis. The formation of the products involves in the reductive coupling of aromatic C−X (X=Br, I) bond and the decarbonylative coupling of amide. With this method, a broad array of free NH and N‐substituted phenanthridinones have been rapidly synthesized.
Deep‐Blue OLED Fabrication from Heptazine Columnar Liquid Crystal Based AIE‐Active Sky‐Blue Emitter
Authors: Bala Indu , Ming Lee , Yadav Rohit Ashok Kumar , De Joydip , Dubey Deepak Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Singh Harpreet , Jou Jwo‐Huei , Kailasam Kamalakannan , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: July 2018

A newly discovered electron‐deficient s‐Heptazine discotic core has been used for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) applications. The compound exhibits aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic, while most of other discotics reported so far, show aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) behavior. It (Hpz‐3C12) shows sky‐blue light emission in a solid state while weakly emissive in the solution state. The solution‐processed OLEDs have been fabricated from Hpz‐3C12 by using host‐guest configuration by doping with different hosts and found to display deep‐blue emission. The device shows the best efficiency with CBP‐host with 3 wt. % dopant (Hpz‐3C12) concentration.
Palladium Catalysis: One‐Pot Synthesis of Fluorenones
Authors: Kumar Devarapalli Ravi , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: July 2018

Palladium‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of fluorenones from simple bromobenzaldehydes and arylboronic acids, is presented. The process involves the formation of dual C–C bond without isolating the initial Suzuki coupled product. Significantly, the strategy delivered the products in good to excellent yields and scale‐up reaction is also feasible.
Metallic Cobalt–Carbon Composite as Recyclable and Robust Magnetic Photocatalyst for Efficient CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zhao Shenlong , Gao Chao , Qi Jian , Yin Huajie , Wei Ding , Mideksa Megasia Feyissa , Wang Xiaoli , Gao Yan , Tang Zhiyong , Yu Ranbo
Published: July 2018

CO2 conversion into value‐added chemical fuels driven by solar energy is an intriguing approach to address the current and future demand of energy supply. Currently, most reported surface‐sensitized heterogeneous photocatalysts present poor activity and selectivity under visible light irradiation. Here, photosensitized porous metallic and magnetic 1200 CoC composites (PMMCoCC‐1200) are coupled with a [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 photosensitizer to efficiently reduce CO2 under visible‐light irradiation in a selective and sustainable way. As a result, the CO production reaches a high yield of 1258.30 µL with selectivity of 64.21% in 6 h, superior to most reported heterogeneous photocatalysts. Systematic investigation demonstrates that the central metal cobalt is the active site for activating the adsorbed CO2 molecules and the surficial graphite carbon coating on cobalt metal is crucial for transferring the electrons from the triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer of the photosensitizer Ru(bpy)32+, which gives rise to significant enhancement for CO2 reduction efficiency. The fast electron injection from the excited Ru(bpy)32+ to PMMCoCC‐1200 and the slow backward charge recombination result in a long‐lived, charge‐separated state for CO2 reduction. More impressively, the long‐time stability and easy magnetic recycling ability of this metallic photocatalyst offer more benefits to the photocatalytic field.
A Modular Solder System with Hierarchical Morphology and Backward Compatibility
Authors: Lee Han Bit , Kim Young Won , Kim Sang Hoon , Park Suk Hee , Choi Joon‐Phil , Aranas Clodualdo
Published: July 2018

A modular solder system with hierarchical morphology and micro/nanofeatures in which solder nanoparticles are distributed on the surface of template micropowders is reported. A core–shell structure of subsidiary nanostructures, which improved the intended properties of the modular solder is also presented. In addition, polymer additives can be used not only as an adhesive (like epoxy resin) but also to impart other functions. By combining all of these, it is determined that the modular solder system is able to increase reflowability on a heat‐sensitive plastic substrate, oxidation resistance, and electrical conductivity. In this respect, the system could be readily modified by changing the structure and composition of each constituent and adopting backward compatibility with which the knowledge and information attained from a previously designed solder can offer feedback toward further improving the properties of a newly designed one. In practice, In–Sn–Bi nanoparticles engineered on the surface of Sn–Zn micropowders result in pronounced reflowing on a flexible Au‐coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate even at the low temperature of 110 °C. Depending on their respective concentrations, the incorporation of CuO@CeO2 nanostructures and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymers increases oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the modular solder.
Renewable Time‐Responsive DNA Circuits
Authors: Garg Sudhanshu , Shah Shalin , Bui Hieu , Song Tianqi , Mokhtar Reem , Reif John
Published: July 2018

DNA devices have been shown to be capable of evaluating Boolean logic. Several robust designs for DNA circuits have been demonstrated. Some prior DNA‐based circuits are use‐once circuits since the gate motifs of the DNA circuits get permanently destroyed as a side effect of the computation, and hence cannot respond correctly to subsequent changes in inputs. Other DNA‐based circuits use a large reservoir of buffered gates to replace the working gates of the circuit and can be used to drive a finite number of computation cycles. In many applications of DNA circuits, the inputs are inherently asynchronous, and this necessitates that the DNA circuits be asynchronous: the output must always be correct regardless of differences in the arrival time of inputs. This paper demonstrates: 1) renewable DNA circuits, which can be manually reverted to their original state by addition of DNA strands, and 2) time‐responsive DNA circuits, where if the inputs change over time, the DNA circuit can recompute the output correctly based on the new inputs, that are manually added after the system has been reset. The properties of renewable, asynchronous, and time‐responsiveness appear to be central to molecular‐scale systems; for example, self‐regulation in cellular organisms.
Modulated Triple‐Material Nano‐Heterostructures: Where Gold Influenced the Chemical Activity of Silver in Nanocrystals
Authors: Sahu Puspanjali , Prusty Gyanaranjan , Guria Amit K. , Pradhan Narayan
Published: July 2018

For efficient charge separations, multimaterial hetero‐nanostructures are being extensively studied as photocatalysts. While materials with one heterojunction are widely established, the chemistry of formation of multijunction heterostructures is not explored. This needs a more sophisticated approach and modulations. To achieve these, a generic multistep seed mediated growth following controlled ion diffusion and ion exchange is reported which successfully leads to triple‐material hetero‐nanostructures with bimetallic‐binary alloy‐binary/ternary semiconductors arrangements. Ag2S nanocrystals are used as primary seeds for obtaining AuAg‐AuAgS bimetallic‐binary alloyed metal–semiconductor heterostructures via partial reduction of Ag(I) using Au(III) ions. These are again explored as secondary seeds for obtaining a series of triple‐materials heterostructures, AuAg‐AuAgS‐CdS (or ZnS or AgInS2), with introduction of different divalent and trivalent ions. Chemistry of each step of the gold ion–induced changes in the rate of diffusion and/or ion exchanges are investigated and the formation mechanism for these nearly monodisperse triple material heterostructures are proposed. Reactions without gold are also performed, and the change in the reaction chemistry and growth mechanism in presence of Au is also discussed.
Cloaked Exosomes: Biocompatible, Durable, and Degradable Encapsulation
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Michael Issac J. , Park Juhee , Granick Steve , Cho Yoon‐Kyoung
Published: July 2018

Exosomes—nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally secreted from cells—have emerged as promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic vehicles, but methods to manipulate them for engineering purposes remain elusive. Among the technical obstacles are the small size and surface complexity of exosomes and the complex processing steps required, which reduce the biocompatibility of currently available methods. The encapsulation of exosomes with a nanofilm of supramolecular complexes of ferric ions (Fe3+) and tannic acid is demonstrated here. The resulting natural polyphenol, ≈10 nm thick, protects exosomes from external aggressors such as UV‐C irradiation or heat and is controllably degraded on demand. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles can be covalently attached for single‐exosome level visualization. To fully exploit their therapeutic potential, chemotherapeutic drug‐loaded EVs are functionalized to achieve the targeted, selective killing of cancer cells preferentially over normal cells. This nanofilm not only preserves the native size and chemical makeup of the intrinsic exosomes, but also confers new capabilities for efficient tumor targeting and pH‐controlled release of drugs. Demonstrating a scalable method to produce biocompatible, durable, on‐demand degradable, and chemically controllable shields for exosome modification and functionalization, the methods introduced here are expected to bring the potential of exosome‐based nanomedicine applications closer to reality.
A Green Anti‐Solvent Process for High Performance Carbon‐Based CsPbI2Br All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Dong Chen , Han Xiuxun , Zhao Yun , Li Jiajia , Chang Le , Zhao Wenning
Published: July 2018

Mixed‐halide CsPbI2Br inorganic perovskite shows great promise in photovoltaic application due to its reasonable band gap required for tandem top‐cell, and more stable perovskite cubic phase. To date, conventional one‐step spin‐coating is still the major process for fabricating CsPbI2Br films, which, however, is difficult to yield homogeneous and compact CsPbI2Br layer due to its slow crystallization. Herein, effective anti‐solvent engineering for fabricating high‐quality inorganic perovskite absorbers is successfully developed by using a green solvent of ethyl acetate (EA). Compared with traditional spin‐coating and widely employed toxic chlorobenzene (CB) anti‐solvent processes, the green EA anti‐solvent engineered CsPbI2Br films exhibit improved surface morphology and larger grain size. By using highly stable and low‐cost carbon electrodes to replace unstable organic hole transporters and expensive noble metal electrodes, all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on EA engineered CsPbI2Br exhibit an exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.0%, and a remarkable long‐term device stability. This study provides an effective strategy for developing high performance and stable all‐inorganic PSCs with low‐cost and green manufacturing processes.
Experimental validation of a deep neural network—Sparse representation classification ensemble method
Authors: Fallahian Milad , Khoshnoudian Faramarz , Talaei Saeid , Meruane Viviana , Shadan Fariba
Published: July 2018

In the current study, a new pattern recognition‐based damage detection technique is developed using the frequency response function of the structure. Principal component analysis is employed as an authoritative feature extraction method for dimensional reduction of the measured frequency response function data and constructing distinct feature patterns. Subsequently, as a novel approach, an ensemble of 2 powerful classifiers containing deep neural networks and couple sparse coding classification is utilized for damage prediction of the structure because there is no individual optimal classifier for all the problems. Verification of the proposed method is evaluated by an aluminum beam experimental setup besides a numerical 3D finite element model of a truss bridge. Damage detection results elucidate that the ensemble method decisions are much more accurate compared with the individual classifier decision. The proposed ensemble method verifies to be a novel, robust, and powerful damage detection process.
Review your processes to build a more efficient, higher‐yielding institution
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2018

PHOENIX — Keeping your office running smoothly and efficiently is tantamount to keeping your institution running smoothly and efficiently. When Armstrong State University was consolidated with Georgia Southern University in January 2018, the admissions and enrollment services offices reviewed and overhauled methods for processing student applications and records.
Understand how to determine legitimate educational interest, Part 2
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: July 2018

Last month, we started with three questions that you always ask when you attempt to determine if a legitimate educational interest exists.
Balance student needs with institutional policy
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2018

After Rayanne Williams stepped into the registrar role at San Diego State University, where she had previously been the registrar of extended studies, she earned her master's degree in student affairs from SDSU. What she learned helped her with the delicate balancing act of the Registrar's Office: trying to make students happy while also sticking to institutional policies and duties. “It's hard to balance registrar duties with student affairs duties,” Williams said.
Pluvial flood risk and opportunities for resilience
Authors: Rosenzweig Bernice R. , McPhillips Lauren , Chang Heejun , Cheng Chingwen , Welty Claire , Matsler Marissa , Iwaniec David , Davidson Cliff I.
Published: July 2018

The risk presented by pluvial flooding has emerged as a critical issue in urban water management. Pluvial flooding occurs when precipitation intensity exceeds the capacity of natural and engineered drainage systems, and it is expected to increase in frequency, severity and impact through the 21st century due to the combined effects of climate change and urbanization. Although there have been recent advances in approaches to assess the risk presented pluvial flooding and to enhance the resilience of cities to its impacts, they have not been broadly implemented and there are many opportunities for additional research. We provide case studies of pluvial flooding in six cities in the continental United States, which serve as examples of the current vulnerability of cities that have not developed comprehensive pluvial flood management plans and the challenges in conducting pluvial flood research in light of existing data gaps. We also identify key research challenges that should be prioritized by the interdisciplinary water research community to better support urban resilience practice.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water

Science of Water > Water Quality

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Ghosts- and tachyon-free regions of the Randall-Sundrum model parameter space
Authors: Wojcik G. N. , Hewett J. L. , Rizzo T. G.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Model building within the Randall-Sundrum (RS) framework generally involves placing the Standard Model fields in the bulk. Such fields may possess non-zero values for their associated brane-localized kinetic terms (BLKTs) in addition to possible bulk mass parameters. In this paper we clearly identify the regions of the RS model parameter space where the presence of bulk mass terms and BLKTs yield a setup which is free from both ghost and tachyon instabilities. Such physically acceptable parameter space regions can then be used to construct realistic and phenomenologically viable RS models.
Presynaptic disorders: a clinical and pathophysiological approach focused on the synaptic vesicle
Authors: Cortès‐Saladelafont Elisenda , Lipstein Noa , García‐Cazorla Àngels
Published: July 2018

The aim of this report is to present a tentative clinical and pathophysiological approach to diseases affecting the neuronal presynaptic terminal, with a major focus on synaptic vesicles (SVs). Diseases are classified depending on which step of the neurobiology of the SV is predominantly affected: (1) biogenesis of vesicle precursors in the neuronal soma; (2) transport along the axon; (3) vesicle cycle at the presynaptic terminal (exocytosis–endocytosis cycle, with the main purpose of neurotransmitter release). Given that SVs have been defined as individual organelles, we highlight the link between the biological processes disturbed by genetic mutations and the clinical presentation of these disorders. The great majority of diseases may present as epileptic encephalopathies, intellectual disability (syndromic or nonsyndromic) with/without autism spectrum disorder (and other neuropsychiatric symptoms), and movement disorders. These symptoms may overlap and present in patients as a combination of clinical signs that results in the spectrum of the synaptopathies. A small number of diseases may also exhibit neuromuscular signs. In general, SV disorders tend to be severe, early encephalopathies that interfere with neurodevelopment. As a consequence, developmental delay and intellectual disability are constant in almost all the defects described. Considering that some of these diseases might mimic other neurometabolic conditions (and in particular treatable disorders), an initial extensive metabolic workup should always be considered. Further knowledge into pathophysiological mechanisms and biomarkers, as well as descriptions of new presynaptic disorders, will probably take place in the near future.
A health professions education editors’ open letter to our community
Authors: Sklar David P. , De Jong Peter G. M. , Driessen Erik W. , Eva Kevin W. , Harden Ronald M. , Huang Grace C. , Sullivan Gail M.
Published: July 2018

None
ARROGANCE, TRUTH AND PUBLIC DISCOURSE
Authors: Lynch Michael Patrick
Published: July 2018

Democracies, Dewey and others have argued, are ideally spaces of reasons – they allow for an exchange of reasons both practical and epistemic by those willing to engage in that discourse. That requires that citizens have convictions they believe in, but it also requires that they be willing to listen to each other. This paper examines how a particular psychological attitude, “epistemic arrogance,” can undermine the achievement of these goals. The paper presents an analysis of this attitude and then examines four arguments for how its adoption – especially by the powerful – undermines the ideal of democracy as a space of reasons.
RATIONAL STABILITY UNDER PRAGMATIC ENCROACHMENT
Authors: Schroeder Mark
Published: July 2018

In this paper I will be concerned with the relationship between pragmatic encroachment and the rational instability of belief. I will be concerned to make five points: first, that some defenders of pragmatic encroachment are indeed committed to predictable rational instability of belief; second, that rational instability is indeed troublesome – particularly when it is predictable; third, that the bare thesis of pragmatic encroachment is not committed to rational instability of belief at all; fourth, that the view that Jake Ross and I have called the ‘reasoning disposition’ account of belief has the right structure to predict limited and stable pragmatic encroachment on the rationality of belief; and fifth and finally, that the very best cases for pragmatic encroachment are rationally stable in the right ways.
Turbulent hydrodynamics experiments in high energy density plasmas: scientific case and preliminary results of the TurboHEDP project
Authors: Casner A. , Rigon G. , Albertazzi B. , Michel Th. , Pikuz T. , Faenov A. , Mabey P. , Ozaki N. , Sakawa Y. , Sano T. , Ballet J. , Tzeferacos P. , Lamb D. , Falize E. , Gregori G. , Koenig M.
Published: July 2018

The physics of compressible turbulence in high energy density (HED) plasmas is an unchartered experimental area. Simulations of compressible and radiative flows relevant for astrophysics rely mainly on subscale parameters. Therefore, we plan to perform turbulent hydrodynamics experiments in HED plasmas (TurboHEDP) in order to improve our understanding of such important phenomena for interest in both communities: laser plasma physics and astrophysics. We will focus on the physics of supernovae remnants which are complex structures subject to fluid instabilities such as the Rayleigh–Taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities. The advent of megajoule laser facilities, like the National Ignition Facility and the Laser Megajoule, creates novel opportunities in laboratory astrophysics, as it provides unique platforms to study turbulent mixing flows in HED plasmas. Indeed, the physics requires accelerating targets over larger distances and longer time periods than previously achieved. In a preparatory phase, scaling from experiments at lower laser energies is used to guarantee the performance of future MJ experiments. This subscale experiments allow us to develop experimental skills and numerical tools in this new field of research, and are stepping stones to achieve our objectives on larger laser facilities. We review first in this paper recent advances in high energy density experiments devoted to laboratory astrophysics. Then we describe the necessary steps forward to commission an experimental platform devoted to turbulent hydrodynamics on a megajoule laser facility. Recent novel experimental results acquired on LULI2000, as well as supporting radiative hydrodynamics simulations, are presented. Together with the development of LiF detectors as transformative X-ray diagnostics, these preliminary results are promising on the way to achieve micrometric spatial resolution in turbulent HED physics experiments in the near future.
Molecular Fingerprinting of14C Dated Soil Organic Matter Fractions from Archaeological Settings in NW Spain
Authors: Ferro-Vázquez Cruz , Kaal Joeri , Santos Arévalo Francisco Javier , Criado Boado Felipe
Published: July 2018

This paper evaluates the complexities of radiocarbon (14C) dates from soil organic matter (SOM) in archaeological scenarios. The aqueous NaOH-insoluble residual SOM from Neolithic to medieval sites in NW Spain produced consistently older calibrated14C ages than NaOH-extractable SOM. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-GC-MS), we analyzed the molecular composition of these SOM fractions, aiming to understand the differences in14C ages and to gain insight on SOM dynamics in relation to age fractionation. The molecular composition of the NaOH-extractable SOM, which accounts for roughly two-thirds of total SOM, has a larger proportion of microbial detritus than the NaOH-insoluble SOM. This might suggest that the discrepancies between the two fractions is due to microbial rejuvenation in the extractable fraction, leading to14C results that are younger than the activity that is to be dated. However, archaeological evidence presented here unambiguously shows that the14C age of the extractable SOM provides the more accurate age for the targeted activity, and that the insoluble fraction contains inherited old carbon. After statistical data evaluation using Partial Least Squares-Regression (PLS-R), it is concluded that this inherited SOM is a mixture of Black Carbon from wild and/or domestic fires and recalcitrant aliphatic SOM.
Depletion and repletion of fruit and vegetable intake alters serum bone turnover markers: a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention
Authors: Cao Jay J. , Whigham Leah D. , Jahns Lisa
Published: July 2018

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of elevated fruit and vegetable intake on bone turnover markers. In all, twenty-nine subjects (nine male and twenty female, with a mean age of 32·1 (sem2·5) years) participated in a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention trial and consumed a prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-1), a provided high-fruit and vegetable diet for 8 weeks (fruit: 360–560 g; vegetables: 450–705 g), another prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-2) and then their usual diets for 8 weeks (repletion). Serum bone-related biomarkers were analysed with commercial ELISA kits. Plasma carotenoid levels decreased as a result of the depletion phase and increased with the high-fruit and vegetable diet. Compared with the baseline, depletion-1 resulted in higher serum bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and lower bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase (BAP) (CTX, 0·68 (sem0·05)v. 0·97 (sem0·08) ng/ml and BAP, 10·7 (sem0·7)v. 9·5 (sem0·8) µg/l for the baseline and the depletion-1, respectively,P<0·05). High intake of fruit and vegetables decreased serum CTX (P<0·05) to 0·60 (sem0·04) ng/ml and increased serum BAP to 11·3 (sem0·7) µg/l (P<0·05), compared with the depletion-1 phase. Serum concentrations of CTX were inversely correlated and those of BAP were positively correlated with blood lycopene. These data show that increased fruit and vegetable consumption at or above federal dietary guidance may be beneficial to bone health.
Life's Labors Lost: Priestly Death and Returning Home From a City of Refuge in Ancient Israel
Authors: Whitekettle Richard
Published: July 2018

According to Numbers 35:9–34, someone who had killed an innocent person intentionally was to be killed by an avenger of blood. However, someone who had killed an innocent person inadvertently was allowed to take up residence in a city of refuge where he (the legislation appears to be focused on males) would be shielded from being killed by this avenger. After the death of the high priest, the inadvertent killer could leave the city and return home safely.

This paper analyzes the six most common and substantial explanations for why an inadvertent killer could leave a city of refuge and return home after the death of the high priest, and shows why they cannot be correct. Another explanation is then offered, the basic elements of which are as follows.

An inadvertent killer was confined to a city of refuge in order to equalize the circumstances of the killer and his family/kin group with the circumstances of the victim and his family/kin group: specifically, the confinement of the killer in a city of refuge removed his presence and labor from his family/kin group just as the death of the victim had removed his presence and labor from his family/kin group. The legists behind Numbers 35:9–34, however, deemed it right and fair to limit the duration of that equalization to what the victim and his family/kin group had actually lost: the unfulfilled balance of the victim's natural lifespan. Since there was no way to know when the victim's natural lifespan would actually have come to an end, the legists availed themselves of the high priest's representational function, and used his death to represent when the natural death of the victim would have taken place. An inadvertent killer was, therefore, released from confinement after the high priest died, and his circumstances were normalized.
Did the Rabbis Believe in Agreus Pan? Rabbinic Relationships with Roman Power, Culture, and Religion inGenesis Rabbah63
Authors: Simon-Shoshan Moshe
Published: July 2018

This article presents a reading of the story of the Patriarch's meeting with the Emperor Diocletian as it appears in the late antique midrashic compilation,Genesis Rabbah. The story encapsulates the complexity of the relationship between the rabbis and Roman political, cultural and religious hegemony, showing the rabbis as both in eternal conflict with the Roman Empire and its culture and, yet, in many ways, very Roman themselves. In the second half of the article, I argue that this story presents a unique perspective on rabbinic views of both “demons” and the Olympian gods themselves. I conclude by comparing and contrasting these views with the approaches of early Christian thinkers.
The Freedman's Story: an Accusation of Witchcraft in the Social World of Early Imperial Roman Italy (CIL11.4639 =ILS3001)
Authors: Macrae Duncan E.
Published: July 2018

This article proposes a new reading of a late first-centuryc.e.inscribed dedication from Todi (Umbria) as an accusation of witchcraft, a rhetorical text aimed at propagating a particular story among the local community. Historical and anthropological studies of witchcraft accusations in other societies have emphasised how they can reveal tensions and anxieties that are normally not visible to the observer. By drawing on these studies and close examination of the language and content of the inscription, this article analyses an historical agent's experience of the social structure of early imperial Italy. The accusation is read as a freedman's response to his ambiguous position in a slave society, the ambivalent power of writing in Roman culture and the religious claims of Flavian imperial discourse.
Opera Scenes in Video Games: Hitmen, Divas and Wagner’s Werewolves
Authors: Summers Tim
Published: July 2018

This article aims to illuminate the meanings and aesthetic effects generated by scenes of staged opera in video games. It also explores the images of opera transmitted to the huge audiences that games address. Three dimensions of the opera-game encounter are discussed. First,ToscainHitman: Blood MoneyandThe Beggar’s OperainAssassin’s Creed IIIare used to examine the treatment of violence and the discourse of popular appeal in games and opera. Second, the arias sung by women inFinal Fantasy VIandParasite Eveillustrate how a melodramatic mode of expression represents a confluence of the aesthetic priorities of the two media. Finally,The Beast Within’s meditation on Wagner reveals how opera sequences aim to engage players by conjuring phantasmagorias through a unifying and enrapturing spectacle.
‘Endless forms, vistas and hues’: why architects should read science fiction
Authors: Butt Amy
Published: July 2018

Most of an architect's life is concerned with that which has not yet taken place, both foreseeing the near future and expressing an intention of how this future world should be remade. However small the intervention, all design proposals are utopian works. With this in mind, this article is a celebration of the utopian potential of reading science fiction (SF); to make the familiar strange, to reveal fears about the future, to confront us with ourselves, and to shape the world we inhabit. It is an unabashed call from an architect and avid SF reader, for architects to raid the bookshelves for the most lurid cover and glaring font and lose themselves in the exuberant worlds of science fiction.
What do I choose? Influence of interlocutor awareness on bilingual language choice during voluntary object naming
Authors: KAPILEY KEERTHANA , MISHRA RAMESH KUMAR
Published: July 2018

In two experiments with Telugu–English bilinguals, we examined if bilingual speakers are sensitive towards an interlocutor's (cartoon) relative language proficiency when they voluntarily selected a language for object naming. After familiarization with four different cartoons with varied L2 proficiency, participants did a voluntary naming task. In Experiment 1, participants explicitly indicated their choice of language before naming objects. In Experiment 2, participants named the objects directly. In both experiments, language choices and switchrates were thoroughly modulated by the participants’ perceived linguistic ability of the cartoon. However, awareness of perceived proficiency of the cartoons did not modulate naming latency. These results provide strong support for the adaptive control hypothesis, showing that bilingual speakers are sensitive to their interlocutor's language needs and this influences how they plan their language use. The results provide evidence of speakers taking into consideration the language proficiency of interlocutors, suggesting extreme adaptability of the bilingual mind.
General practitioners’ perceptions of their role and their collaboration with district nurses in wound care
Authors: Friman Anne , Edström Desiree Wiegleb , Edelbring Samuel
Published: July 2018

Aim

To explore the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) regarding their role and their collaboration with district nurses (DNs) in the management of leg ulcers in primary healthcare.

Background

Earlier research regarding the treatment of leg ulcers in a primary care context has focussed primarily on wound healing. Less is known about GPs’ understandings of their role and their collaboration with DNs in the management of leg ulcers. Since the structured care of patients with leg ulcers involving both GP and DN is currently rather uncommon in Swedish primary care, this study sets out to highlight these aspects from the GP’s perspective.

Methods

Semi-structured individual interviews with 16 GPs including both private and county council run healthcare centres. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Four themes were identified. The first theme: ‘role as consultant and coordinator’ shows how the GPs perceived their role in wound care. In the second theme: ‘responsibility for diagnosis’ the GPs’ views on responsibility for wound diagnosis is presented. The third theme: ‘desire for continuity’ is based on the GPs’ desire for continuity concerning various aspects. In the fourth theme: ‘collaboration within the organisation’ the importance of the organisation for collaboration between GPs and DNs is presented.

Conclusions

The GP’s often work on a consultation-like basis and feel that they become involved late in the patients’ wound treatment. This can have negative consequences for the medical diagnosis and, thereby, lead to a prolonged healing time for the patient. Shortcomings regarding collaboration are mainly attributed to organisational factors.
Die Rolle der eigenen kulturellen und religiösen Überzeugungen als Ärztin / Arzt bei der Entscheidungsfindung am Lebensende
Authors: Nauck Friedemann
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Bei der Entscheidungsfindung am Lebensende sind die medizinische und ärztliche Indikation sowie der Wille des Patienten und seine Zustimmung zu einer Behandlung entscheidend. Darüber hinaus spielen die eigenen kulturellen und religiösen Überzeugungen der Ärztin / des Arztes eine Rolle, derer man sich als Behandler bewusst sein muss. In der Behandlung am Lebensende stellen palliativmedizinische Basiskenntnisse sowie die Einbeziehung palliativmedizinischer Experten eine sinnvolle Ergänzung dar. Dies gilt besonders in Behandlungssituationen, in denen eine Therapiezieländerung hin zum palliativmedizinischen Behandlungsziel erwogen wird oder bereits als notwendig erachtet wurde. Aber auch in Behandlungssituationen bei Patienten, die sich noch nicht in der letzten Lebensphase befinden, kann die Integration palliativmedizinischen Fachwissens, z. B. bei der Symptomkontrolle, Wundbehandlung, Kommunikation mit Angehörigen oder in Fragen der psychosozialen Begleitung, sinnvoll sein. Im Idealfall wird das Behandlungsziel auch für das Lebensende gemeinsam mit dem Kranken erarbeitet. Entscheidungen bedeuten immer auch Urteilsbildung, Respektierung individueller Werte, Begleitung und die Bereitschaft, Verantwortung zu übernehmen – auch dafür, dass man im Einzelfall ggf. eine falsche Entscheidung getroffen hat. Patientenautonomie und zunehmende Patientenkompetenz sind eine Aufforderung an Ärzte, medizinische und ethische Entscheidungen am Lebensende kritisch zu reflektieren sowie sich mit empirischen und normativen Aspekten der Indikationsstellung auseinanderzusetzen.
Can Riparian Forest Buffers Increase Yields From Oil Palm Plantations?
Authors: Horton Alexander J. , Lazarus Eli D. , Hales Tristram C. , Constantine José Antonio , Bruford Michael W. , Goossens Benoît
Published: July 2018

Forests on tropical floodplains across Southeast Asia are being converted to oil palm plantations. Preserving natural riparian forest corridors along rivers that pass through oil palm plantations has clear benefits for ecological conservation, but these corridors (also called buffers) use land that is potentially economically valuable for agriculture. Here we examine how riparian forest buffers reduce floodplain land loss by slowing rates of riverbank erosion and lateral channel migration, thus providing the fundamentally geomorphic ecosystem service of erosion regulation. Using satellite imagery, assessments of oil palm plantation productivity, and a simplified numerical model of river channel migration, we estimate the economic value of the ecosystem service that riparian buffers provide by protecting adjacent plantation land from bank erosion. We find that cumulative economic losses from bank erosion are higher in the absence of a forest buffer than when a buffer is left intact. Our exploratory analysis suggests that retaining riparian forest buffers along tropical rivers can enhance the viability of floodplain plantations, particularly over time scales (approximately decades) commensurate with the lifetime of a typical oil palm plantation. Ecosystem services that stem directly from geomorphic processes could play a vital role in efforts to guide the long‐term environmental sustainability of tropical river systems. Accounting for landscape dynamics in projections of economic returns could help bring palm oil industry goals into closer alignment with environmental conservation efforts.
Decadal‐ to Centennial‐Scale East Asian Summer Monsoon Variability Over the Past Millennium: An Oceanic Perspective
Authors: Cheung Richard Ching Wa , Yasuhara Moriaki , Mamo Briony , Katsuki Kota , Seto Koji , Takata Hiroyuki , Yang Dong‐Yoon , Nakanishi Toshimichi , Yamada Katsura , Iwatani Hokuto
Published: July 2018

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is a key component of the Asian Monsoon system affecting regional precipitation in East Asia and thus human culture, society, and development. Despite this, decadal‐ to centennial‐scale EASM dynamics remain poorly understood over the last millennium. Here we used high‐resolution benthic microfossil proxies to reconstruct EASM variability for the last 1,000 years from a brackish lake in South Korea. We compared this EASM record with Asian Monsoon proxy records from East China (i.e., continental proxy) and East Asian coasts (i.e., oceanic setting), and identified four pervasive EASM strengthening events at 1250, 1450, 1550, and 1900 CE and their deviation, likely related to land‐ocean temperature gradients. Our results indicate that data from the oceanic setting under the direct influence of the Pacific High are important in understanding the EASM dynamics over the last millennium. It is also noteworthy that EASM variability shows striking similarity to changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, implying the causal relationship.
Ice in Micro Cold Traps on Mercury: Implications for Age and Origin
Authors: Rubanenko L. , Mazarico E. , Neumann G. A. , Paige D. A.
Published: July 2018

Evidence in radar, reflectance, and visible imagery indicates that surface and subsurface water ice is present inside permanently shadowed regions in the north polar region of Mercury. The origin of this ice and the time at which it was delivered to the planet are both unknown. Finding the smallest, most easily eroded ice deposits on Mercury can help answer these questions. Here we present evidence for volatiles trapped in cold traps of scales ∼ 1–10 m. We consider two possible delivery methods for these deposits: a gradual, slow accumulation by micrometeorites or solar wind implantation and an episodic deposition, either primordial or by a recent comet impact. We conclude that the mechanism that best explains the presence of volatiles in these micro cold traps is a comet impact that most likely occurred in the last ∼ 100 Ma.
Quantifying Sediment Transport Dynamics on Alluvial Fans From Spatial and Temporal Changes in Grain Size, Death Valley, California
Authors: Brooke Sam A. S. , Whittaker Alexander C. , Armitage John J. , D'Arcy Mitch , Watkins Stephen E.
Published: July 2018

How information about sediment transport processes is transmitted to the sedimentary record remains a complex problem for the interpretation of fluvial stratigraphy. Alluvial fan deposits represent the condensed archive of sediment transport, which is at least partly controlled by tectonics and climate. For three coupled catchment‐fan systems in northern Death Valley, California, we measure grain size across 12 well‐preserved Holocene and late‐Pleistocene surfaces, mapped in detail from field observations and remote sensing. Our results show that fan surfaces correlated to the late Pleistocene are, on average, 30–50% coarser than active or Holocene fan surfaces. We adopt a self‐similar form of grain size distribution based on the observed stability of the ratio between mean grain size and standard deviation downstream. Using statistical analysis, we show that fan surface grain size distributions are self‐similar. We derive a relative mobility function using our self‐similar grain size distributions, which describes the relative probability of a given grain size being transported. We show that the largest mobile grain sizes are between 20 and 35 mm, a value that varies over time and is clearly lower in the Holocene than in the Pleistocene; a change we suggest is due to a drier climate in the Holocene. These results support recent findings that alluvial fan sedimentology can record past environmental change and that these landscapes are potentially sensitive to climatic change over a glacial‐interglacial cycle. We demonstrate that the self‐similarity methodology offers a means to explore changes in relative mobility of grain sizes from preserved fluvial deposits.
Geoelectric Hazard Maps for the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Lucas Greg M. , Kelbert Anna , Bedrosian Paul A.
Published: July 2018

Maps of extreme value, horizontal component geoelectric field amplitude are constructed for the Pacific Northwest United States (and parts of neighboring Canada). Multidecade long geoelectric field time series are calculated by convolving Earth surface impedance tensors from 71 discrete magnetotelluric survey sites across the region with historical 1‐min (2‐min Nyquist) geomagnetic variation time series obtained from two nearby observatories. After fitting statistical models to 1‐min geoelectric amplitudes realized during magnetic storms, extrapolations are made to estimate threshold amplitudes that are only exceeded, on average, once per century. One hundred‐year geoelectric exceedance amplitudes range from 0.06 V/km at a survey site in western Washington State to 9.47 V/km at a site in southeast British Columbia; 100‐year geoelectric exceedance amplitudes equal 7.10 V/km at a site north of Seattle and 2.28 V/km at a site north of Portland. Systematic and random errors are estimated to be less than 20%, much less than site‐to‐site differences in geoelectric amplitude that arise from site‐to‐site differences in surface impedance. Maps of 100‐year exceedance amplitudes are compared with the peak geoelectric amplitudes realized during the March 1989 magnetic superstorm; it is noted that some storms of relatively modest intensity can generate localized geoelectric fields of relatively high amplitude. The geography of geoelectric hazard across the Pacific Northwest is closely related to known geologic and tectonic structures.