bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generative deep learning furthers the understanding of local distributions of fat and muscle on body shape and health using 3D surface scans
Authors: Leong Lambert T. , Wong Michael C. , Liu Yong E. , Glaser Yannik , Quon Brandon K. , Kelly Nisa N. , Cataldi Devon , Sadowski Peter , Heymsfield Steven B. , Shepherd John A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Body shape, an intuitive health indicator, is deterministically driven by body composition. We developed and validated a deep learning model that generates accurate dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans from three-dimensional optical body scans (3DO), enabling compositional analysis of the whole body and specified subregions. Previous works on generative medical imaging models lack quantitative validation and only report quality metrics.

Methods

Our model was self-supervised pretrained on two large clinical DXA datasets and fine-tuned using the Shape Up! Adults study dataset. Model-predicted scans from a holdout test set were evaluated using clinical commercial DXA software for compositional accuracy.

Results

Predicted DXA scans achieveR2of 0.73, 0.89, and 0.99 and RMSEs of 5.32, 6.56, and 4.15 kg for total fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and total mass, respectively. Custom subregion analysis results inR2s of 0.70–0.89 for left and right thigh composition. We demonstrate the ability of models to produce quantitatively accurate visualizations of soft tissue and bone, confirming a strong relationship between body shape and composition.

Conclusions

This work highlights the potential of generative models in medical imaging and reinforces the importance of quantitative validation for assessing their clinical utility.
Catching Dory: selling aquarium fish supports coastal livelihoods in Indonesia
Authors: Swanson S. S. , Gutierrez E. , Moore A. M. , Souza T. , Ndobe S. , Jompa J. , Crowder L. B.
Published: January 2024

The global marine aquarium trade has created new local markets across the planet, including in Indonesia, now the second-largest exporting country of marine aquarium fish in the world. Participating in the global aquarium trade has been touted as a potentially sustainable addition to fisher livelihoods, but scant data exist showing the numbers of fish coming off the reef and how those fish contribute to income. To determine how participants in the trade incorporate aquarium species in their livelihoods, we examine source-level aquarium fish collecting and trading data in the Banggai Archipelago, a region in Central Sulawesi that has become a significant source for popular aquarium, also known as ornamental, fish species. Using a sustainable livelihoods lens, we examine this data to understand how participants in the aquarium trade both contribute to as well as benefit from the trade and consider how their participation relates to emerging Blue Justice principles. From one year of buying and selling data at the fisher, intermediary buyer, and regional trader levels, we show that catching and selling fish for the aquarium trade represents an average of nearly 20% of their gross annual income and provides added diversity and flexibility to fisher and trader livelihoods in the region, especially during seasons of rough weather. We suggest that managers of an impending marine protected area in the region would do well to consider how to sustain these livelihood benefits.
Injectable hydrogels as emerging drug-delivery platforms for tumor therapy
Authors: Cheng Yao , Zhang Haitao , Wei Hua , Yu Cui-Yun
Published: January 2024

This review summarizes composition and preparation methodologies of injectable hydrogels and highlights the delivery mechanisms of drugs for tumor therapy, along with discussion on the optimal therapeutic efficiency of drugs and provides perspective on challenges and solutions in applications.
Soybean-derived antihypertensive hydrolysates attenuate Ang II-induced renal damage by modulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Song Tianyuan , Ding Yin-Yi , Zhang Tiantian , Cai Qiaolin , Hu Yonghong , Gu Qing , Gu Zhenyu
Published: January 2024

Hypertension-induced kidney injury is considered a vital consequence of long-term and uncontrolled hypertension, which is commonly associated with an excessive accumulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) from hyperactivated RAS.
Dispersing uncharged cellulose nanocrystals through a precipitation surface modification route using oligosaccharides
Authors: Roberts Megan G. , Niinivaara Elina , Pääkkönen Timo , King Cameron W. , Kontturi Eero , Cranston Emily D.
Published: January 2024

A single step method to liberate individual HCl(g)-CNCs is reported. Importantly, this modification requires use of only oligosaccharides as surface modifiers and results in ubiquitous improvements to the isolation and dispersibility of these CNCs.
MXene-antenna electrode with collective multipole resonances
Authors: Karimi Vahid , Babicheva Viktoriia E.
Published: January 2024

The work explores multipolar excitations in and utilization of nanostructured transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) layers in designing a photodetector electrode that exhibits enhanced response through hot-electron generation.
Elucidating the reversible and irreversible self-assembly mechanisms of low-complexity aromatic-rich kinked peptides and steric zipper peptides
Authors: Lao Zenghui , Tang Yiming , Dong Xuewei , Tan Yuan , Li Xuhua , Liu Xianshi , Li Le , Guo Cong , Wei Guanghong
Published: January 2024

Alternating stickers (Tyr) and spacers (Gly/Ser) drive the reversible assembly of LARKS peptides into highly dynamical oligomers, while hydrophobic patches in the steric zipper peptides promote the irreversible formation of β-sheet-rich assemblies.
In situ growth engineering of ultrathin dendritic PdNi nanosheets on nitrogen-doped V2CTx MXenes for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Sun Chaohai , Tan Yong , Wen Yong , Yang Yang , Guo Fang , Huang Hongyan , Ma Wanli , Cheng Si
Published: January 2024

We present an approach to prepare Pd58Ni42/N-TBA-V2CTx electrocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen evolution through in situ growth nanodendritic PdNi nanosheets on nitrogen-doped V2CTx supports.
Defects in lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes under electric field: from behavior to passivation strategies
Authors: Jiang Na , Ma Guoquan , Song Dandan , Qiao Bo , Liang Zhiqin , Xu Zheng , Wageh Swelm , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed , Zhao Suling
Published: January 2024

This review summarizes the significance, behaviors, and passivation strategies of defects under the electric field in perovskite materials and optoelectronic devices.
Dearomative spiroannulation of indoles enabled by the diaza-[1,2]-Wittig rearrangement
Authors: Luo Can , Guan Chun-Yan , Li Zhen-Yu , Gao Beiling , Mei Guang-Jian
Published: January 2024

Reported herein is the first diaza-[1,2]-Wittig rearrangement-enabled dearomative spiroannulation reaction of indoles. This protocol features metal-free conditions, a redox-neutral process, a broad substrate scope, and a good yield.
MolToxPred: small molecule toxicity prediction using machine learning approach
Authors: Setiya Anjali , Jani Vinod , Sonavane Uddhavesh , Joshi Rajendra
Published: January 2024

Machine learning-powered in silico prediction of small molecule toxicity: a stacked model approach.
Study on the preparation and n-heptane isomerization performance of MoOx-Pd/Ce-MCM-48 catalyst
Authors: Cui Yanhong , Dong Xiuli , Jiang Zhen , Suo Yanhua , Zhang Wei , Wang Yingjun
Published: January 2024

Ce-MCM-48 molecular sieve was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, and a series of supported MoOx and Pd catalysts for n-heptane isomerization reaction were prepared by impregnation method using Ce-MCM-48 molecular sieve as the support.
Investigation of conduction mechanisms and permittivity–conductivity correlation in a Gd-based perovskite structure
Authors: Moualhi Khouloud , Moualhi Youssef , Zouaoui Mouldi
Published: January 2024

Currently, the development of perovskites has required a lot of attention for fundamental investigation and electronic devices
Applying quantum mechanics to deconvolute benchtop 1H NMR reaction data
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Maschmeyer Tristan , Shapiro Ben , Paudel Sunil Babu , Leclerc Matthew C. , Hein Jason E.
Published: January 2024

Quantum mechanical model files developed from pure components enable deconvolution of complex 1H NMR reaction dataset at different field strength.
An artificial metalloenzyme that can oxidize water photocatalytically: design, synthesis, and characterization
Authors: Polanco Ehider A. , Opdam Laura V. , Passerini Leonardo , Huber Martina , Bonnet Sylvestre , Pandit Anjali
Published: January 2024

A protein-based catalyst for photoactivated water oxidation was successfully constructed from CoSalen bound to cytochrome b5. The protein scaffold prevents the formation of large CoOx nanoparticles and strongly improves catalyst solubility.
A flexible ligand and halogen engineering enable one phosphor-based full-color persistent luminescence in hybrid perovskitoids
Authors: Xiao Guowei , Ma Yu-Juan , Qi Zhenhong , Fang Xiaoyu , Chen Tianhong , Yan Dongpeng
Published: January 2024

A new series of perovskitoids were fabricated based on halogen engineering and a rigid and flexible ligand, and exhibit a multi-color afterglow covering nearly the whole visible region from cyan to red.
Transport properties of the Ba(Zr,Ce,Y,Yb)O3−δ proton conductor: the real role of co-substitution of Y and Yb
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Yifeng , Jiang Lulu , Sha Yenan , Guo Shihang , Han Donglin
Published: January 2024

The ionic transport number decreases with increasing Yb content in Ba(Zr,Ce,Y,Yb)O3−δ proton conducting electrolyte. High performance of the electrolyte is not due to improved electrical properties by co-substitution of Y and Yb.
Mesopore and macropore engineering in metal–organic frameworks for energy environment-related applications
Authors: Xin Yu , Cao Yue , Yang Jie , Guo Xinrong , Shen Kui , Yao Wen
Published: January 2024

The fabrication strategies of mesopores and macropores in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their emerging applications are summarized. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives of pore engineering in MOF design are also indicated.
Reviving BVDT-TTF and EVT-TTF salts
Authors: Solano Federica , Auban-Senzier Pascale , Barszcz Bolesław , Frąckowiak Arkadiusz , Olejniczak Iwona , Alemany Pere , Canadell Enric , Zigon Nicolas , Avarvari Narcis
Published: January 2024

One foot out of the grave. Forgotten BVDT-TTF and EVT-TTF organic donors are reintroduced and their conducting salts’ physical properties studied through a wide array of techniques.
Correction: The thermodynamics and kinetics of depolymerization: what makes vinyl monomer regeneration feasible?
Authors: Lohmann Victoria , Jones Glen R. , Truong Nghia P. , Anastasaki Athina
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘The thermodynamics and kinetics of depolymerization: what makes vinyl monomer regeneration feasible?’ by Victoria Lohmann et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 832–853, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC05143A.
Impairment‐aware resource allocation scheme for elastic optical networks with different service priorities
Authors: Munasinghe Kusala , Dharmaweera Nishan , de Alwis Chamitha , Wijewardhana Uditha , Parthiban Rajendran
Published: January 2024

Today, elastic optical networks (EONs) are required to accommodate traffic with different service priorities. For example, mission‐critical applications such as industrial internet, smart grids, and remote surgery require an ultra‐reliable low‐latency communication system. The novel impairment‐aware resource allocation scheme proposed here prioritises traffic. It satisfies the quality and latency requirements of mission‐critical traffic while causing minimum disruptions to other forms of low‐priority traffic connections. The results obtained for 6‐node and 14‐node networks under various traffic distribution environments indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher spectral efficiency, reduces spectrum fragmentation, and causes minimal disruptions over the benchmark algorithm.
Joint optimization of sampling point and sensing threshold for spectrum sensing
Authors: Li Yuebo , Ouyang Wenjiang , Miao Jiawu , Mu Junsheng , Jing Xiaojun
Published: January 2024

With the continuous evolution and in‐depth integration between wireless communication and emerging technology such as internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) etc., wireless terminals are growing exponentially, thus bringing great challenges to available spectrum resources. The contradiction between unlimited frequency needs and limited spectrum resources has become a bottleneck restricting the development of wireless communication technology. As an efficient way to improve spectrum efficiency, cognitive radio (CR) continues to be the focus of wireless communication within decades. To conduct CR, the main procedure is the discovery of available spectral holes by periodically monitoring the target authorized band, namely spectrum sensing (SS). Energy detector (ED) is widely accepted for SS due to its low complexity and high convenience. The essence of traditional ED based SS schemes consist in the adaptive variation of sensing threshold/sampling point with environmental signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver of CR terminal, namely adaptive sensing threshold/sampling point based SS. However, the performance of both adaptive sensing threshold and adaptive sampling point based SS schemes are always at the expense of computation complexity due to the excessive sampling point. In addition, these two schemes are both about the optimization issue of a single variable under constraints. Actually, both detection probability and false alarm probability of ED are a two‐dimensional function of sensing threshold and sampling point for a given SNR. The optimal solution of sensing performance can not be obtained by optimizing sensing threshold or sampling point alone. Motivated by these, the joint optimization of sampling point and sensing threshold is considered for SS in this paper, where sampling point and sensing threshold are jointly adaptive with the variation of environmental SNR. In addition, Q‐learning is considered in this paper to obtain the sub‐optimal solution due to the non‐convexity of the considered optimization problem. Finally, the simulation experiments are made and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Interpolation of positive matrices by quantum‐inspired optimal control
Authors: Jiang Chen , Pan Yu , Yang Yi , Dong Daoyi
Published: January 2024

Interpolation of probability distributions can be formulated as an optimal transport problem. Positive matrix, which can be viewed as the generalization of probability distribution to higher dimension, is used in quantum theory to describe the state of a quantum system. Here, a quantum‐inspired method for the interpolation of positive matrices is proposed. Particularly, this method employs the quantum state purification of the positive matrices in an extended space. Since pure state controllability can be easily achieved using open‐loop coherent control, the continuous interpolation of positive matrices is given as a completely positive map induced by simulating the optimal control for pure state transfer. The quantum‐inspired interpolation is shape‐preserving with applications to tensor field processing.
An energy‐efficient timetable optimization method for express/local train with on‐board passenger number considered
Authors: Liu Zhen , Pan Jinshan , Yang Yuhua , Chi Xinyi
Published: January 2024

With the expansion of the metropolitan area, the application of express/local mode is gradually increasing. In contrast to the normal mode, the express/local mode has advantages in reducing energy consumption and saving total travel time by having express trains skipping some stops. This paper aims to minimize the total energy consumption of express and local train throughout the day by optimizing the train operation strategy in the same power supply section and increasing the overlap time between train traction acceleration and train regenerative braking to obtain the optimal energy‐efficient timetable. As the consumed energy of a train is highly dependent on the rolling stock weight and the on‐board passengers’ weight. An integer programming model is proposed with on‐board passengers considered accurately, in which the dwell times, departure headway, and total turnaround time of express and local trains are determined. An improved grey wolf algorithm is designed by improving convergence factor and incorporating differential evolution to solve the proposed problem. The real data on Guangzhou Metro Line 18 is adopted for numerical studies. The results show that the optimized timetable increases the regenerative energy utilization rate by 21.37% and reduces the total energy consumption by 5.02% compared to the operational timetable.
Optimizing energy consumption in smart homes: Load scheduling approaches
Authors: Ikram Arafat Ibne , Ullah Aasim , Datta Durjoy , Islam Ashraful , Ahmed Tanvir
Published: January 2024

Rising fuel prices, global warming, and environmental damage are leading to increased demand for rooftop solar energy systems connected to the power grid. The development of smart grids, modern metering systems, and energy management could promote energy conservation in households. In this study, two different meta‐heuristic optimization techniques were employed to schedule the shiftable load in suitable hours for decreasing electricity costs and minimizing peak to average ratio in a smart home while maintaining optimum user comfort. For power generation and storing energy, a grid‐connected residential load with rooftop solar panels, a battery, and an inverter is considered. First, the problem is theoretically described using a load model and an objective function, with the primary goal of reducing power costs by moving the time of usage for certain home appliances. Simulations validate the proposed strategies, which effectively reduce power costs by 4.5% by shifting the time of use, with both optimization algorithms showing similar output. The residential electricity cost before optimization was 507.12 BDT/day, which decreased to 484.33 BDT/day after optimization without compromising load turn‐off.
State observation control strategy of bidirectional resonant DC/DC converter in building DC system
Authors: Li Guiyu , Wang Jianhua , Jin Xiaokuan , Xiong Xiong
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a state observation control method for a bidirectional CLLLC resonant converter to solve the problem of output voltage stability of an isolated bidirectional DC–DC converter in building DC power distribution systems. Combining time domain and frequency domain analysis, this paper presents the modelling process of CLLLC converter from equivalent circuit analysis, harmonic approximation to extended description function rewriting. Then the design process of the state observation control method is given, that is, the linearization analysis is carried out according to the modelling results of the extended description function, the state equation of the converter is obtained, and the state observer and controller are designed according to the modern control theory. Finally, a full‐bridge CLLLC converter experimental platform is built. Experimental results show that the control method designed in this article can achieve steady‐state recovery of the output voltage under millisecond‐level load switching, and is superior to PI control in terms of overshoot and steady‐state performance.
Communication on the potential of applied PV in the European Union: Rooftops, reservoirs, roads (R3)
Authors: Kakoulaki Georgia , Taylor Nigel , Szabo Sandor , Kenny Robert , Chatzipanagi Anatoli , Jäger-Waldau Arnulf
Published: January 2024

Photovoltaics (PV) is a cost-competitive and scalable technology for electricity generation that plays a crucial role to accelerate the European energy transition and achieve carbon neutrality. Large-scale installation of rooftop PV, as well as innovative PV applications such as floating PV coupled with hydropower and bifacial PV along roads and railways, offer multi-benefits, not least in reducing competition for land. In this study, we present a geospatial approach to assess the pan-European technical potential of these three applications, using publicly available datasets. The findings reveal that the PV total installed capacity could exceed 1 TWp, which is far larger than the total PV capacity for 2030 in the EU Solar Energy Strategy (720 GWp) and would be a significant contribution to the several TWs needed for the overall transition to net-zero by 2050. The evidence presented is a useful starting point for policy-setting at national and regional level, as well as for research and detailed analyses of location specific solutions.
Bilateral matching process and decision analysis for QoS-based manufacturing supply chain partner selection
Authors: Gao Jing , Liu Sisi , Guan Tao , Gao Yang , Ma Tao
Published: January 2024

Manufacturing industry is the material foundation of national economy, the traditional supply chain in a single value creation mode makes the manufacturing industry in the global value chain competition in the “low-end lock” predicament, to create a highly efficient, intelligent supply chain, is the manufacturing industry in the global competition to gain an advantage in the key. In the process of “Digital to Intelligent Reform”, the matching mechanism and decision-making method of supply chain heterogeneity partner selection is the focus of manufacturing supply chain transformation to be solved urgently. This paper takes the manufacturers and suppliers of manufacturing secondary supply chain as the research object, takes service quality as the important influence factor of partner selection, and explores the supply chain partner matching evaluation model under the three modes of unilateral decision-making, bilateral decision-making, and optimization of bilateral decision-making. The study shows that the bilateral matching decision-making mechanism based on QoS can obtain a higher matching completion rate, while digital transformation helps to improve the efficiency and stability of supply chain partner selection. The study can provide a decision basis for heterogeneous partner selection in manufacturing supply chain, and then improve the overall performance of manufacturing supply chain.
Effects of Face-to-Face Education Followed by Mobile Messaging to
Primiparas on Maternal-Neonatal Care, Breastfeeding, and Motherhood Experience:
A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baransel Esra Sabancı , Çalışkan Birgül Ekici
Published: January 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of education on
breastfeeding and basic maternal-neonatal care and mobile message support given
to primiparous women in the postpartum period on breastfeeding and motherhood
experiences.

Methods This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in a
hospital located in a city in Turkey, with 130 primiparous patients in the
postpartum period (65 individuals in the experimental group and 65 individuals
in the control group). Participants in the experimental group were provided with
education on breastfeeding and basic maternal-neonatal care at the hospital, and
mobile messages were sent with the same content as an education program for six
weeks after discharge.

Results Mean scores of the breastfeeding self-efficacy (58.95 vs. 54.87;
P<.05) and breastfeeding attitude (60.80 vs. 57.55; P<.05) are
significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Similarly, the mean score of satisfaction with the motherhood experience is
significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group
(22.95 vs. 26.46; P<.05). It was determined that 89.2% of the
women in the experimental group were still breastfeeding; 93.8% of them
did not have nipple problems, and 60% of them did not use a bottle or
pacifier in the six-month postpartum period (P<.05).

Conclusion Education on breastfeeding and basic maternal-neonatal care
given in the early postpartum period and mobile messages sent for six weeks
after discharge may help to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding
attitude, and maternal experience satisfaction among primiparous women.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and new therapeutic
concepts
Authors: Rodriguez Gonzalez Claudio , Schevel Hannah , Hansen Gesine , Schwerk Nicolaus , Lachmann Nico
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is an umbrella term used to refer to a
pulmonary syndrome which is characterized by excessive accumulation of
surfactant in the lungs of affected individuals. In general, PAP is a rare lung
disease affecting children and adults, although its prevalence and incidence is
variable among different countries. Even though PAP is a rare disease, it is a
prime example on how modern medicine can lead to new therapeutic concepts,
changing ways and techniques of (genetic) diagnosis which ultimately led into
personalized treatments, all dedicated to improve the function of the impaired
lung and thus life expectancy and quality of life in PAP patients. In fact, new
technologies, such as new sequencing technologies, gene therapy approaches, new
kind and sources of stem cells and completely new insights into the ontogeny of
immune cells such as macrophages have increased our understanding in the onset
and progression of PAP, which have paved the way for novel therapeutic concepts
for PAP and beyond. As of today, classical monocyte-derived macrophages are
known as important immune mediator and immune sentinels within the innate
immunity. Furthermore, macrophages (known as tissue resident macrophages (TRMs))
can also be found in various tissues, introducing e. g. alveolar
macrophages in the broncho-alveolar space as crucial cellular determinants in
the onset of PAP and other lung disorders. Given recent insights into the onset
of alveolar macrophages and knowledge about factors which impede their function,
has led to the development of new therapies, which are applied in the context of
PAP, with promising implications also for other diseases in which macrophages
play an important role. Thus, we here summarize the latest insights into the
various forms of PAP and introduce new pre-clinical work which is currently
conducted in the framework of PAP, introducing new therapies for children and
adults who still suffer from this severe, potentially life-threatening
disease.
Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors on Advanced
Glycation End Products
Authors: Kusunoki Masataka , Hisano Fumiya , Matsuda Shin-ichi , Kusunoki Akiko , Abe Tomokazu , Tsutsumi Kazuhiko , Miyata Tetsuro
Published: January 2024

Clinical trials have revealed that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2)
inhibitors suppress the onset of heart failure and cardiovascular death in
diabetic patients. On the other hand, few reports have been published concerning
such effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. We undertook the
present study to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors
on the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), well known as a risk factor for
the development of cardiovascular disorders.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into two groups and treated with either
SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors for 3 months. Before and after the 3-month
treatment period with each drug, the AGEs and diabetes-related parameters were
measured. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1) was measured as one
of the AGEs.

In the SGLT2 inhibitor group, both the blood HbA1c and MG-H1 levels decreased
significantly after the 3-month treatment period. In the DPP-4 inhibitor group,
only the blood HbA1c level decreased significantly, with no significant change
of the blood MG-H1 level.

SGLT2 inhibitor reduced both the blood levels of HbA1c and AGEs (MG-H1).
Considering that the blood levels of AGEs are associated with the risk of heart
failure and cardiovascular disorders, the results of the present study suggest
that the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in suppressing cardiovascular death might be
mediated by the reduction in the blood levels of AGEs induced by this class of
drugs. DPP-4 inhibitors showed no significant effects on the blood levels of
AGEs.
Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Levodopa Stearic
Acid Hydrazide Conjugate for the Management of Parkinson’s DiseaseNovel
Conjugate for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chinraj Vasanthi , Reddy Ramakkamma Aishwarya , Selvaraj Jubie , Sureshkumar Raman
Published: January 2024

Parkinson’s disease is the highest prevalent neurodegenerative disease in
elderly individuals after Alzheimer’s disease. The pathological
identification for Parkinson’s disease is loss of dopaminergic neurons
in substantia nigra region of the brain that in turn leads to dopamine
deficiency that affects the body’s normal physiological and neurological
disorder. The important drawback in the modality of treatment is levodopa is
only supplying depleted dopamine in the brain, it does not affect
neurodegeneration. Even though levodopa manages the disease, an alternative
treatment strategy is required to stop or prevent further degeneration of
neuron. The compound with neuroprotector activity suits the requirement. Of
them, stearic acid plays a vital role in protecting neurons against oxidative
stress through a Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. Hence, our
present study aimed to design, synthesize, and characterize the levodopa stearic
acid hydrazide conjugate. Additionally, evaluate the cytotoxicity of synthesized
compound in SHSY5Y cell lines. In brief, levodopa was conjugated to the
stearic acid successfully and was confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, and Mass Spectroscopy. In vitro
cell viability study in SHSY5Y cell lines showed elevated cell viability
in 0.134 µm concentration of Conjugate, and
0.563 µm concentration of levodopa. Showing that the synthesized
compound could offer an improved treatment strategy for Parkinson’s
disease.
Exertional Stress-induced Pathogenic Luminal Content Translocation
– Friend or Foe?
Authors: Henningsen Kayla , Martinez Isabel , Costa Ricardo J. S.
Published: January 2024

The incidence of perturbed gastrointestinal integrity, as well as resulting
systemic immune responses and gastrointestinal symptoms, otherwise known as
exercised-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS), is common among individuals
who partake in prolonged exercise. EIGS may cause the translocation of
pathogenic material, including whole bacteria and bacterial endotoxins, from the
lumen into circulation, which may progress into clinical consequences such as
sepsis, and potentially subsequent fatality. However, further investigation is
warranted to assess the possibility of food allergen and/or digestive
enzyme luminal to circulatory translocation in response to exercise, and the
clinical consequences. Findings from this narrative literature review
demonstrate evidence that whole bacteria and bacterial endotoxins translocation
from the gastrointestinal lumen to systemic circulation occurs in response to
exercise stress, with a greater propensity of translocation occurring with
accompanying heat exposure. It has also been demonstrated that food allergens
can translocate from the lumen to systemic circulation in response to exercise
stress and initiate anaphylaxis. To date, no research investigating the effect
of exercise on the translocation of digestive enzymes from the lumen into
systemic circulation exists. It is evident that EIGS and consequential
pathogenic translocation presents life-threatening clinical implications,
warranting the development and implementation of effective management strategies
in at-risk populations.
Notfallpläne zum Management von Notfällen bei Kindern
mit außerklinischer Beatmung
Authors: Stehling Florian , Wendt Anke , Berger Michael , Kerzel Sebastian , Vlajnic Dejan , Fuchs Hans , Gunst Lennart
Published: January 2024

Die chronisch respiratorische Insuffizienz wird auch in der Pädiatrie
zunehmend ambulant mit außerklinischer Beatmung behandelt. Die oft
komplex, erkrankten Kinder werden in der Häuslichkeit durch pflegerische
und ärztliche Teams unterschiedlichster Zusammensetzung betreut.
Strukturierte Behandlungsprozesse, speziell Notfallpläne zum Management
des respiratorischen Notfalls von außerklinisch beatmeten Kindern
fehlen. Dieser Beitrag ist ein Vorschlag zum Notfallmanagement bei
Atemwegsinfekten, Notfällen bei außerklinisch
nicht-invasiv-beatmeten und invasiv-beatmeten, tracheotomierten Kindern. Neben
den Reanimationsmaßnahmen nach ERC/AHA liegt der Schwerpunkt vor
allem auf dem Sekretmanagement, aber auch dem Umgang mit
Beatmungsgeräten und Devices.
Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Weinhold Victoria , Rauber Susanne , Hollatz-Galuschki Elsa , Seybold Michael , Kainer Franz , Kouskouti Christina
Published: January 2024

We present a case with an incidental finding of abnormal cardiotocography (CTG)
pattern as well as elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity
(MCA-PSV) in an otherwise inconspicuous pregnancy. Massive fetomaternal
hemorrhage (FMH) was detected as the cause by flow cytometry (FC), resulting in
multiple cycles of fetal blood sampling (FBS) showing severe anemia,
intrauterine transfusions (IUTs), a preterm delivery, and a healthy infant in
follow-up examinations.
A Description of IVIG Use in Term Neonates with ABO Incompatibility
Authors: Daunov Michael , Schlosser Andrea , Malay Sindhoosha , Adams Jaclyn , Clark Rachael , Ferrerosa Lauren , Pateva Irina
Published: January 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine if treatment with IVIG of neonates with ABO incompatibility (without Rh incompatibility) results in decreased number of packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions and phototherapy use.

Study Design An Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, single-institution retrospective study was conducted. Neonates ≥38 weeks' gestational age born between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016, with ABO incompatibility were included. The comparison among groups was performed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables; continuous variables were assessed by Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results Six hundred and sixty-eight neonates with ABO incompatibility met inclusion criteria, 579 were included in the analyses. From these, 431 (74%) neonates had positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT); 98 (17%) received IVIG and 352 (61%) received phototherapy. Thirty-six (6%) neonates received pRBC and 6 (1%) required exchange transfusions. Only 3 (0.5%) infants received pRBC transfusions postdischarge, by 3 months of age. Neonates requiring IVIG had lower initial hemoglobin (13.6 vs. 16.0 g/dL, p ≤ 0.0001) and higher bilirubin at start of phototherapy (9.1 vs. 8.1 mg/dL, p = 0.0064). From the 42 (7%) neonates who received simple and exchange transfusions, IVIG use was not associated with decreased use or number of transfusions (p = 0.5148 and 0.3333, respectively). Newborns with A+ and B+ blood types had comparable initial hemoglobin, DAT positivity, APGAR, and bilirubin. However, infants with B+ blood group were more likely (than A + ) to require phototherapy (p < 0.001), receive IVIG (p = 0.003), and need phototherapy for a longer duration (p = 0.001).

Conclusion The results of this large retrospective study reveal that giving IVIG to neonates with ABO incompatibility was associated with increased simple or exchange transfusions. Newborns with B+ blood type required more phototherapy and IVIG. Further studies are needed to better stratify neonates who would benefit from IVIG use in order to optimize treatment strategies and avoid unnecessary risks and adverse events.

Key Points
Improving Immunization Health Care Data Quality using Two-Dimensional Barcoding and Barcode Scanning Practices
Authors: Reza Faisal , Jones Caroline , Reed Jenica H.
Published: January 2024

Background Manual data entry is time-consuming, inefficient, and error prone. In contrast, leveraging two-dimensional (2D) barcodes and barcode scanning tools is a rapid and effective practice for automatically entering vaccine data accurately and completely. CDC pilots documented clinical and public health impacts of 2D barcode scanning practices on data quality and completeness, time savings, workflow efficiencies, and staff experience.

Objectives Data entry practices and entered records from routine and mass vaccination settings were analyzed. Data quality improvement opportunities were identified.

Methods A sample of 50 million emergency use authorization (EUA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine records were analyzed for accuracy and completeness across three data fields: lot number, expiration date, and National Drug Code (NDC). The EUA COVID-19 vaccines lacked a 2D barcode containing these data fields, which necessitated manual data entry at administration. A CDC pilot at clinic compared scanned and manually entered data for routine vaccines across these same data fields.

Results Analysis of 50 million manually entered EUA COVID-19 vaccine administration records indicated significant gaps in data accuracy and completeness across three data fields. Over half of the analyzed EUA vaccine NDCs (53%) and one-third of the expiration dates (35%) had missing or inaccurate data recorded. Pilot data also showed many errors when manually entered. However, when the pilot's routine vaccines were scanned (out of 71,969 records), nearly all entries were complete and accurate across all three data fields (ranging from 99.7% to 99.999% accurate).

Conclusion Vaccine 2D barcode scanning practices increased data accuracy and completeness (up to 99.999% accurate) across data fields assessed. When used consistently, vaccine 2D barcode scanning can resolve issues demonstrated in manually entered data. To realize these benefits, the immunization community should widely use scanning practices. To increase use, CDC developed a Vaccine 2D Barcode National Adoption Strategy and implementation resources.
A Homozygous PTRHD1 Missense Variant (p.Arg122Gln) in an Individual with Intellectual Disability, Generalized Epilepsy, and Juvenile Parkinsonism
Authors: Gebert Johannes , Brunet Theresa , Wagner Matias , Rath Jakob , Aull-Watschinger Susanne , Pataraia Ekaterina , Krenn Martin
Published: January 2024

Biallelic variants in PTRHD1 have been associated with autosomal recessive intellectual disability, spasticity, and juvenile parkinsonism, with few reported cases. Here, we present the clinical and genetic findings of a female of Austrian origin exhibiting infantile neurodevelopmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and childhood-onset parkinsonian features, consistent with the established phenotypic spectrum. Notably, she developed genetic generalized epilepsy at age 4, persisting into adulthood. Using diagnostic exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous missense variant (c.365G > A, p.(Arg122Gln)) in PTRHD1 (NM_001013663). In summary, our findings not only support the existing link between biallelic PTRHD1 variants and parkinsonism with neurodevelopmental abnormalities but also suggest a potential extension of the phenotypic spectrum to include generalized epilepsy.
Sessile serrated polyp detection rates after fecal immunochemical test or multitarget stool DNA test: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Garg Rajat , Burke Carol A. , Aggarwal Manik , Macaron Carole , Singh Amandeep , Kim Michelle K. , Regueiro Miguel , Amit Bhatt , Chahal Prabhleen , Garg Shashank
Published: January 2024

Background and study aims Published studies report a higher adenoma detection rate (ADR) for FIT-DNA as compared with FIT. Data are less replete about the performance of stool-based tests for sessile serrated polyp (SSP) detection. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of FIT and FIT-DNA testing for SSP detection rate (SSPDR) in patients undergoing colonoscopy for follow up of positive noninvasive tests.

Methods A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases (until September 2022) was performed to identify studies reporting SSPDR in patients with positive FIT or FIT-DNA tests. The outcome was overall colonoscopy detection of any SSPs and advanced serrated polyps (ASP: SSP ≥ 10 mm and/or dysplasia).

Results Included were 482,405 patients (52.4% females) with a mean age of 62.3 ± 4.4 years from 23 studies. The pooled SSPDR for all positive stool-based tests was 5.3% and higher for FIT-DNA (15.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3–25.7) versus FIT (4.1%, 95% CI 3.0–5.6; P = 0.0002). The overall pooled ASP detection rate was 1.4% (95% CI 0.81–2.3) and higher for FIT-DNA (3.8 %, 95% CI 1.7–8.6) compared with FIT (0.71%, 95% CI 0.36–1.4; P<0.01). SSPDR with FIT-DNA was also significantly higher than FIT when the FIT cutoff was >10 ug/g and in FIT-positive patients in studies conducted in North America (P<0.05).

Conclusions FIT-DNA outperformed FIT in both SSP and ASP detection including FIT with a lower threshold cutoff of >10 ug/g. Further comparative studies are needed to assess the impact of our findings on colorectal cancer reduction.
Restrictive diets are unnecessary for colonoscopy: Non-inferiority randomized trial
Authors: Machlab Salvador , Martínez-Bauer Eva , López Pilar , Ruiz-Ramirez Pablo , Gómez Bárbara , Gimeno-Garcia Antonio Z. , Pujals María del Mar , Tanco Sara , Sargatal Lluïsa , Pérez Betty , Justicia Reyes , Enguita Mónica , Piqué Nùria , Valero Oliver , Calvet Xavier , Campo Rafel
Published: January 2024

Background and study aims In colonoscopy, preparation is often regarded as the most burdensome part of the intervention. Traditionally, specific diets have been recommended, but the evidence to support this policy is insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the decision not to follow a restrictive diet on bowel preparation and colonoscopy outcomes.

Patients and methods This was a multicenter, controlled, non-inferiority randomized trial with FIT-positive screening colonoscopy. The subjects were assigned to follow the current standard (1-day low residue diet [LRD]) or a liberal diet. The allocation was balanced for the risk of inadequate cleansing using the Dik et al. score. All participants received the same instructions for morning colonoscopy preparation. The primary outcome was the rate of adequate preparations as defined by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Secondary outcomes included tolerability and measures of colonoscopy performance and quality.

Results A total of 582 subjects were randomized. Of these, 278 who received the liberal diet and 275 who received the 1-day LRD were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. Non-inferiority was demonstrated with adequate preparation rates of 97.8% in the 1-day LRD and 96.4% in the liberal diet group. Tolerability was higher with the liberal diet (94.7% vs. 83.2%). No differences were found with respect to cecal intubation time, aspirated volume, or length of the examination. Global and right colon average adenoma detection rates per colonoscopy were similar.

Conclusions The liberal diet was non-inferior to the 1-day LRD, and increased tolerability. Colonoscopy performance and quality were not affected. (NCT05032794)
Adventures in the Chemistry of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Langer Peter
Published: January 2024

The present article provides an overview of our work related to cyclization reactions of nitro-substituted electrophilic building blocks with various nucleophiles. As electrophiles, we used nitro-substituted benzoylacetones, 3-ethoxy-2-nitro-2-en-1-ones, 2-nitrobenzoyl chlorides, 4-chloro-3-nitrocoumarin, 2-nitromalonic aldehyde, 3-nitrochromone and 1-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ones. As nucleophiles, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, 1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes, (heterocyclic) enamines, hydroxylamine, hydrazines, amines and amino esters were employed. The products include a variety of nitro-substituted carbo- and heterocycles that are not readily available by other methods. The electron-withdrawing nitro group can be easily transformed into an electron-donating amino group which is not only pharmacologically relevant, but can also act as a nucleophile in inter- and intramolecular reactions with electrophiles, such as aldehydes, and can be converted into other functional groups. The nitro group has the capacity to activate compounds for regioselective palladium-catalyzed CH-arylation reactions. Inter- and intramolecular CH arylations of nitro-substituted heterocyclic building blocks, such as 4-nitropyrazoles, 4-nitroimidazoles, 2-nitroindole and nitro-substituted purine analogues, allow for a convenient diversity-oriented approach to the corresponding arylated products. In addition, the nitro group can act as a leaving group in SNAr reactions. Various fused benzofuro[3,2-b]pyridines were prepared by intramolecular SNAr reactions of 2-(hydroxyphenyl)-3-nitropyridines.

1 Introduction

2 Cyclizations of 1,3-Bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes

3 Cyclizations of Heterocyclic Enamines

4 Reactions of Simple Nitro-Substituted Heterocycles

5 Hydroamination Reactions of Alkynes

6 Miscellaneous

7 Conclusions
Individualized Homeopathic and Organopathic Supportive Management of Sickle Cell Disorder: A Case Series of Six Patients from a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group in India
Authors: Nambison Nisanth K.M. , Sharma Narendra , Dwivedi Abhishek D. , Chakravarty Nisha
Published: January 2024

Background Sickle cell disorder (SCD) is a hereditary blood disease characterized by an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin present in red blood cells. Genetic abnormality causes these cells to become sickle-shaped, with shorter lifespan. Vaso-occlusive crisis is a major symptom of SCD: it is a sudden and severe episode of pain, and occurs when sickle-shaped cells block blood flow. This blockage can lead to tissue damage, inflammation and pain.

Objectives This case series aims to observe the clinical outcomes from prescribing individualized homeopathic medicines along with organopathic supportive medicine in the management of SCD through the analysis of case studies of six patients from a particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) in India that manifests genetic predisposition for the disease.

Method The patients were administered individualized homeopathic and organopathic supportive medicines, after a comprehensive door-to-door survey and subsequent screening, conducted between October 2020 and May 2023 in the Dindori and Mandla districts of the central Indian state, Madhya Pradesh. Clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, along with scores from a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and from the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL) Questionnaire, were determined.

Results Individualized homeopathic and organopathic supportive management led to improvements in clinical symptoms for all six patients. Laboratory test results showed a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin level associated with treatment. The VAS for pain indicated decreased pain frequency and severity. WHOQoL scores also improved, indicating enhanced well-being for each patient. No adverse effects were reported during treatment.

Conclusion This study suggests that individualized homeopathic medicine and organopathic supportive management have a beneficial role in managing SCD and may be valuable in the context of PVTGs in India. To establish a more comprehensive understanding of its efficacy, further studies should involve larger cohorts to allow for a thorough evaluation, including comparative analyses with standard therapies.