bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the neuroprotective effects of carnosine in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Devyatov A.A. , Fedorova T.N. , Stvolinsky S.L. , Ryzhkov I.N. , Riger N.A. , Tutelyan V.A.
Published: August 2018

Oxidative stress is one of the key factors in brain tissue damage in ischemia, which indicates the appropriateness of using antioxidants under these conditions. One of the promising antioxidants for the therapy of ischemic stroke is the natural dipeptide carnosine. The neuroprotective effect of dietary carnosine administration was investigated in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in Wistar rats. Animals received carnosine with a diet at a daily dose of 150 mg/kg for 7 days before temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), performed for 60 min. At 24 h after the onset of ischemia the effect of carnosine on the area of the necrotic core was evaluated in animals. In brain tissue of animals the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), catalase (CAT) and glutathione transferase (GT), content of isoprostanes and cytokines were measured. Carnosine significantly reduced the infarct size. Carnosine also increased TAC and reduced the level of MDA and isoprostanes in brain tissue. Influence of carnosine on other parameters was not detected. Thus carnosine consumed prophylactically with the diet for 7 days before the induction of ischemia by means of MCA occlusion in rats provides the direct neuroprotective effect, retains high antioxidant activity of brain tissue, reduces the level of oxidative damage markers (MDA and isoprostanes) but does not have any effect on the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems and production of cytokines in brain tissue.
Prooxidant-antioxidant balance depending on endothelial nitric oxide synthase G894T polymorphism
Authors: Zinchuk V.V. , Zhadko D.D. , Gulyai I.E.
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was to assess the prooxidant-antioxidant balance depending on endothelial nitric oxide synthase G894T polymorphism. The frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of G894T polymorphism, nitrite concentration, hydrogen sulphide, lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde), antioxidants (reduced glutathione, catalase, ceruloplasmin, retinol) were determined in venous blood of healthy males. The incidence of the GG genotype was 49.1%, GT – 44.2%, TT – 6.7%. The level of malonic dialdehyde in erythrocytes with the GG genotype is 16.8% lower than in the genotype GT. The concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the blood with the GG genotype was 27.5 [18,2; 32,5] mM, GT – 28.6 [22.9; 33.8] mM, TT – 36.3 [33.8; 42.5] mM. The content of total nitrites in plasma with the GG genotype was 10.4 [9,0; 12,5] mM, GT – 10.4 [8.9; 11.8] mM, TT – 9.4 [8.8; 9.8] mM. The genotype GG causes a lower level of malonic dialdehyde in comparison with the heterozygous genotype. The G894T polymorphism allele T is associated with a low content of total nitrites in the plasma and a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide. The data obtained suggest that if the oxygen supply of the organism is impaired, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase G894T polymorphism may be important for the oxidative stress development.
Quantitative targeted screening of proteins associated with lung adenocarcinoma cancer by the method of selected reaction monitoring
Authors: Kopylov A.T. , Tikhonova O.V. , Farafonova T.E. , Novikova S.E. , Shushkova N.A. , Shevchenko V.E. , Liao Pao-Chi , Archakov A.I. , Zgoda V.G.
Published: August 2018

In the present study, we applied selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to a group of proteins that were previously reported to be associated with lung cancer (Novikova S.E. et al. (2017) Biomeditsinskaya khimiya, 63, 181-210. [1]). Measurements were performed on 59 plasma samples. These samples included: 23 samples of plasma of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), 11 samples of plasma of patients diagnosed with squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCC), 25 samples of donors with no previous history of oncological diseases, and one pooled sample from each of the above group. As a result of the SRM measurements 52 proteins were detected at least in one individual plasma sample. Statistical analysis showed that there were two groups confidently differentiated by the concentration value of 8 proteins wherein 5 proteins displayed increased level (P00738, P26639, P21926, P08603, P51149) in LAC group and 3 proteins (P51884, O15162, Q8N2K0) indicated diminishing the concentration level towards the control level. Data on protein concentrations obtained for LAC and SqCC did not distinguish the samples by statistical clustering analysis. These potential biomarkers can be used for further development of methods for early diagnostics of lung cancer.
Comparative characteristics of cytokine and IgE levels in patients with bronchial asthma of professional and non-professional genesis
Authors: Bodienkova G.M. , Boklazhenko E.V. , Bodienkova S.G. , Beygel E.A.
Published: August 2018

A comparative evaluation of serum concentrations of cytokines and IgE production in patients with occupational bronchial asthma (BA) caused by exposure to the toxic-dust factor of the aluminum industry and patients with asthma of unprofessional genesis was carried out. A more pronounced pro-inflammatory response has been found in patients with occupational BA characterized by hyperproduction of IL-1b, IL-8. While for persons with non-professional asthma, a decrease in IL-1b, IL-5, IL-10 is characteristic. The common pattern of the detected changes in the patients of both groups consists in an increase in the production of IgE (6 times in patients with occupational BA and 8.9 times with non-occupational asthma) and a decrease in serum concentrations of TNF-a. Various cytokine manifestations in occupational and unprofessional BA may be associated with different etiopathogenetic mechanisms of disturbance of intra-immune regulation, and also confirms the professional conditionality of the revealed changes in patients with BA who work in the aluminum industry.
An analysis of the pattern and profile of adverse drug reactions reported at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala, India: a retrospective record based observational study
Authors: P. Abdul Aslam , Purushothaman Sangeetha , Shajahan Jihana
Published: August 2018

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important concern in modern therapeutics. Due to limitations in identifying ADRs during research phase, organized post marketing studies are essential. However, there are only few recent studies on this subject available in India. Hence this study was done in a tertiary care hospital in South Kerala to evaluate the profile and causality of ADRs.Methods: The details of patients who developed ADRs during the period from October 2016 to November 2017 were collected. Data collection was done using the suspected drug reactions monitoring form by CDSCO used under PvPI and a retrospective observational cross-sectional analysis was done. The profile and causality of ADRs were evaluated.Results: The total number of ADR events reported was 300. 179 ADRs were hypersensitivity reactions (Aronson Type B) and the remaining 121 reactions were Type A reactions. The individual drug class causing majority of the ADRs was antibiotics (36%). Commonest significant dose related ADR was bleeding (7%) caused by combined use of antiplatelets and anticoagulants. The organ system most affected as per SOC classification was skin and appendages (56%). Causality assessment revealed that majority (76%) belonged to “probable” category, whereas 23.6% were of “possible” type.Conclusions: The development of ADRs can significantly affect treatment course – interruption of drug therapy, use of additional drugs and prolonged hospital stay. Employing monitors dedicated to ADR detection and education of prescribers to closely monitor patients can help manage ADRs effectively.
Comparative study about knowledge, attitude and practice study of fixed dose combination among junior residents and interns of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Korde Rupa Arun , S. Radhika M. , Gandigawad Priya , Sori Ravi , . Amruth
Published: August 2018

Background: Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as combination of two or more active ingredients in a fixed ratio of doses. According to the FDA, “two or more drugs may be combined in a single dose when each component makes a contribution to the claimed effects, and the dosage of each component (i.e., amount, frequency, and duration) is such that the combination is safe and effective for significant patient population requiring such concurrent therapy. However, certain disadvantages like incompatible pharmacokinetics, inflexible dose ratio, increased toxicity and cost, contraindication of one component of the FDC decreased their utility. Adverse effect of any one component also limits their use. The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices about prescribing fixed dose combinations among junior resident doctors (JRs) and interns (INTs) at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Dharwad.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 134 doctors using pre-validated 10 item questionnaire with details of participant’s information followed by questions regarding knowledge, attitude and prescribing practice of fixed dose combinations was used as a tool, administrated to all the resident doctors and the collected data was analysed.Results: Our study revealed that knowledge about FDCs was lacking in JRs and INTs. They were not able to point out the actual advantages and disadvantages of FDCs. Knowledge about rational/irrational, banned FDCs and availability of WHO EML was also lacking.Conclusions: There is need to improve knowledge about rationality, essential medicine list, usage and banned FDCs in undergraduate medical students to promote the rational use of drugs.
A cross sectional study of knowledge, practice and attitude of medical professionals regarding pharmacovigilance function
Authors: Giri Kiran Rajendra , Palandurkar Kamlesh Manohar , Giri Reena Rajendra
Published: August 2018

Background: Pharmacovigilance is of core importance for the prevention of adverse effect by signal generation. It developed as a science and Practice. Central database collecting international reports helpful in generating signals, improving safety profile, prevention of future adverse effects, thus provide a key data to national drug regulatory to make regulation. It is not only a science but act as a law and regulation. Underreporting of ADRs by healthcare professionals remains a major problem. Clinician’s collaboration is needed to come up with the challenges of underreporting. Spontaneous reporting plays a cardinal role in Pharmacovigilance practice.Methods: Cross Sectional, questioner-based study, 56- postgraduates, 42- first year,60- Second year, 35- Third year students of Institute of Medical Sciences were included with prior consent and Ethical committee permission. Structured pre-test questioner on, Knowledge-10, Attitude-02, Practice-06 were asked. Seminar was conducted on the ‘Pharmacovigilance in India: current Scenario, Study material were distributed to students. Prior to seminar and one week after conduction of seminar again the questioner was distributed again, and the same study was conducted, the difference in the response and attitude after transformation of knowledge were recorded.Results: After transformation of knowledge 77% JR responded that ADR and medication both should be reported which was earlier only 31%. 80% JR replied that ADR should be reported as early as possible which was earlier 38%. It indicates that transformation of knowledge is a pillar to bring the change in practise. 100% second year students responded that they have seen ADR reporting form which was only 30% before seminar.Conclusions: Up gradation of Knowledge by seminar, research papers, awareness pamphlets, Apps will promote the reporting and will strengthen the signal generation systems.
Prescribing Pattern and drug utilization study in inpatients of department of Orthopaedics in a rural teaching hospital of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Baghel Ruchi , Adwal Sandeep K. , Singh Vivek , Chourishi Ashutosh
Published: August 2018

Background: Drug utilization study can increase our understanding of how drugs are being used. This study was done to evaluate the current drug prescribing trend in management of indoor patient of orthopaedic department and to comment on rationality of the prescribed medicines.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted for 12 months, in Chandrikaben Rashmikant Gardi Hospital, a 600 bedded tertiary care rural based, teaching hospital. Total 611 patients were included in this study.Results: Total 5416 drugs were prescribed in 611 prescriptions. Average number of drugs per prescription was 8.86. Average duration of prescription was 10.7 days. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 28.8%. Percentage of encounter with an Antibiotic prescribed was 60.23% i.e. out of 611 prescriptions antibiotics were prescribed in 368. Percentage of encounter with an Injection prescribed was 63% which means out of 611 prescriptions, injectables were prescribed in 385. Percentage of drugs prescribed from National Essential Medicine List was 52.63%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from WHO model List was 32.46%. Diclofenac (14.25%) was most commonly prescribed drug. Incidence of polypharmacy was quite high in context of Analgesics. Almost 40% of prescriptions had 2 drugs. Orally prescribed Analgesics were 62.6%, Injectables 34.38% and Topical 3.02%.Conclusions: This study reveals that the pattern of prescription in terms of rationality is poor. Special attention needs to be given to the irrational prescribing in terms of polypharmacy and long duration. Continuing medical education regarding appropriate use of drugs, knowledge of adverse effects and standard prescription guidelines will play pivotal role in rational prescription of drugs.
A comparative study of efficacy and tolerability of doxofylline over other methylxanthenes in mild to moderate persistent bronchial asthma patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Alladi Satyendra K. , Khan Imran
Published: August 2018

Background: Studies have shown that doxofylline is endowed with a remarkable bronchodilator activity with less extra respiratory effects than other methylxanthines. To compare the efficacy and tolerability of doxofylline over other methylxanthines in mild to moderate persistent bronchial Asthma patients.Methods: It is a comparative study conducted in patients of mild to moderate persistent bronchial Asthma in the outpatient department of regional chest hospital. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups, one group treated with oral doxofylline and the other with theophylline oral or Deriphylline. Efficacy was measured objectively using spirometric parameters like FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume at the end of 1 second), FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1/FVC and PEFR (Peak Expiratory flow Rate), Subjectively by the Asthma control test questionnaire, subjective rating of Asthma control and the need for use of rescue medications like β2 agonists in the previous four weeks. Tolerability were done at base line and at the end of study.Results: Doxofylline compared to other methylxanthines groups was statistically better with respect to subjective parameters like Asthma control tests questionnaire, subjective rating of Asthma control. Doxofylline had equal efficacy with spirometric parameters compared to other methylxanthines. Doxofylline was significantly better tolerated with adverse drug reactions noted in 10% compared to 28% in other methylxanthins group.Conclusions: Doxofylline with better tolerability profile and equivalent efficacy seemed to be a good alternative to other methylxanthines in the treatment of bronchial Asthma.
Analysis of adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care emergency medicine department: prevalence, preventability and reporting
Authors: Patel Shreya R. , Gupta Sapna D. , Patel Kamlesh P. , Malhotra Supriya D. , Patel Pankaj R.
Published: August 2018

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are negative consequences of drug therapy. ADR results in diminished quality of life, increased physician visits, hospitalizations, and even death. Hence a study was planned to detect and analyze ADR encountered in emergency medicine department.Methods: Data was collected over a period of 1 year after taking approval from IRB (Institutional Review Board) and written informed consent from patients. ADRs presenting as a cause of hospital admission or developed during hospitalization were analyzed.Results: A total of 229 ADRs were analyzed. Majority of ADRs were found in the age group of 40-60 Years. The M: F Ratio was 1.10:1. According to Wills and Brown Classification, majority of the ADRs belonged to Type A. According to Hartwig and Siegel classification of severity of ADRs, 18.78% of the ADRs were severe in nature. According to Schumock and Thornton preventability score, majority (64.19%) of the ADRs were not preventable, whereas 17.03% were definitely preventable. 120 (52.40%) of the ADRs were serious in nature Anti-infective were the most common drug class (30.13%) followed by CVS (24.03%) group of drugs. About (57.64%) ADRs fall in the category of probable/likely. Regarding their Outcome, 44.10% of the ADRs were recovered and 43.23% were recovering.Conclusions: Anti-infective were the most reported drug class to cause ADRs in a tertiary care emergency medicine department. Causality assessment according to WHO-UMC and Naranjo’s causality assessment criteria reported to be Probable. Whereas modified Schumock and Thornton scale preventability scale showed that majority were not preventable.
A study to assess the therapeutic role of GM-CSF (EMGRAST -M) on augmentation of total leucocyte count and total platelet count in cancer patients after chemotherapy
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumari Kusum , . Priyanki , Mishra Pranay Kumar
Published: August 2018

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic role of GM-CSF (EMGRAST -M) on augmentation of total leucocyte count and total platelet count in cancer patients after chemotherapy.Methods: The total leucocyte count (TLC) and total platelet count (TPC) of thirty patients on chemotherapy were obtained before and after the administration of GM-CSF. The results were analysed retrospectively for the effect of GM-CSF on these parameters. Statistical analysis was done, and graphs were made by Libre office calc and Student’s T Test was used for comparison of data.Results: The study showed that EMGRAST-M had an impressive effect on both the platelet count and the leucocyte count.Conclusions: GM-CSF has a great therapeutic role in the enhancement of platelet count and leucocyte count in patients of cancer chemotherapy.
A importância do perfil emergencial em prótese fixa: revisão de literatura e relato de caso
Authors: Padoin Karine , Solda Caroline
Published: August 2018

Respeitando os aspectos anatômicos e biológicos do elemento dental e de suas estruturas de suporte e proteção, alguns princípios devem ser respeitados na confecção de próteses fixas, dentre eles o perfil emergencial. Objetivo: o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, através de uma revisão de literatura e representar através de um relato de caso a importância do perfil emergencial no sucesso das próteses fixas. Para tanto, foram verificados: a influência do perfil emergencial no alcance de uma higienização oral satisfatória e a consequente relação com a possibilidade de doença periodontal; e o nível estético obtido através de uma condição favorável entre a estrutura da prótese fixa e o tecido gengival. Método: esta revisão de literatura foi realizada através da pesquisa em artigos científicos, indexados na base de dados Pubmed, buscando as seguintes palavras chave: fixed prosthesis, restoration, gingival and periodontal health. Considerações finais: desse modo, observou-se que o perfil emergencial é fator chave para o sucesso de próteses fixas, pois sua correta relação com o tecido de suporte e proteção proporciona condições para que o paciente realize uma correta higiene, sendo também fator de suma importância na estética final da peça protética.
Influência do gel de clareamento e do uso de agente remineralizante na perda mineral em esmalte e na eficácia do tratamento clareador
Authors: Oliveira Débora Roso , Carvalho Rodrigo Varella , Ottoni Rodrigo , Alberton Simone Beatriz , Van de Sande Leite Françoice Hélène
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: O objetivo neste estudo foi investigar a ação de diferentes géis de clareamento dental e de um agente remineralizante na dureza em esmalte associada ao clareamento. Método: Dentes bovinos foram utilizados para confeccionar os espécimes de esmalte e armazenados em vinho tinto para promover o manchamento dos mesmos. Após, foram submetidos a três sessões de clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 35%. Três grupos (n= 9) foram utilizados para avaliação comparativa: gel de clareamento sem cálcio, gel de clareamento com cálcio e gel de clareamento com cálcio e aplicações de um agente para remineralização. As variáveis de desfecho avaliadas foram o percentual de diminuição da dureza superficial do esmalte em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o clareamento) e alteração de cor. Os dados foram avaliados com ANOVA (perda mineral) e estatística descritiva (alteração de cor). Resultados: As diferenças de perda mineral entre os grupos não foram estatisticamente significativas em todos os tempos avaliados. Em relação aos valores colorimétricos, todos os grupos apresentaram clareamento substancial após o tratamento. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que não houve influência do produto de remineralização utilizado ou gel clareador na perda mineral em esmalte.
Efeito da radioterapia com raios x de alta energia sobre a resistência de união da dentina humana com resina composta – estudo in vitro
Authors: Brandeburski Suzane Boa Nova , Reichert Leandro Azambuja
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo experimental é avaliar o efeito da radiação com raios X de alta energia na resistência de união entre dentina humana e resina composta. Métodos: Trinta terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram seccionados, produzindo superfícies oclusais planas de dentina, e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n=15): um não irradiado e restaurado com Resina Composta Filtek Z-250, 3M-ESPE® (G1, n=15 – grupo controle), outro irradiado e restaurado com Resina Composta Filtek Z-250, 3M-ESPE® (G2, n=15). O protocolo de radiação utilizado foi de 70 Gy no total. As amostras foram cortadas em palitos (área média de 1 mm2) e submetidas ao teste de microtração. Os dados foram comparados por meio do teste t-student (p <0,05). O padrão de fratura foi examinado em microscopia óptica e submetido ao teste exato de Fischer (p <0,05). Resultados: não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo de dentes não irradiados e irradiados (p=0,738). O grupo controle e o grupo irradiado apresentaram predominância no padrão de fratura de falhas coesivas em resina e/ou mistas e falhas adesivas foram verificadas somente no grupo dos dentes irradiados. Conclusões: A radiação não interfere significativamente na resistência de união da dentina humana restaurada com resina composta e que não houve influência significativa entre os grupos estudados em relação ao padrão de fratura.
Pulpotomia na rede pública em municípios da região norte do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Royer Danise , Piaia Fatima Nair , Vanni José Roberto , Hartmann Mateus Siveira Martins , Fornari Volmir João , Marcon Flávia Baldissarelli
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a decisão dos cirurgiões-dentistas frente à utilização da pulpotomia na rede pública em 16 municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, RS. Métodos: O estudo possui desenho transversal, quantitativo, com delineamento descritivo. A amostra não-probabilística, de conveniência, foi formada por 40 cirurgiões-dentistas. A coleta de dados se fez pelo envio de questionários aos profissionais da rede pública, com questões relacionadas à técnica de pulpotomia, e perguntas de relação social. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que 92,5% (n=37) dos profissionais relataram não realizar tratamento endodôntico no serviço de atendimento público. Em relação à pulpotomia, 52,5% (n=21) realizam a técnica e quanto à técnica ser empregada no serviço público, 77,5% (n=31) relatam que deveria ser empregada. Mais da metade dos profissionais, 67,5% (n=27), responderam que consideram provisória a técnica de pulpotomia. No serviço público em que atuam 57,5% (n=23) não utilizam raio-x. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que um pouco mais da metade dos cirurgiões-dentistas pesquisados realizam a técnica de pulpotomia na rede pública, mesmo sem às vezes possuir as condições ideais para tal, como a ausência de raio-x. Utilizam como substância irrigadora o soro fisiológico e capeamento pulpar o hidróxido de cálcio e acreditando ser viável, porém com caráter provisório.
Contando os danos: Análise de um grupo de acolhimento feminista online e a construção social do corpo feminino
Authors: Bastos Cibelle Canto
Published: August 2018

A partir dos anos 2000 com a ampla inserção da internet no cotidiano, o movimento feminista vem utilizando a internet como instrumento de reivindicação política e social. Através de blogs, fóruns online e grupos em redes sociais, diversos grupos feministas vem construindo redes virtuais de acolhimento, que vêm ganhando cada vez mais adeptas – mulheres dispostas a compartilhar histórias e sentimentos através de relatos postados nestas redes. O presente artigo tem como objetivo problematizar como o feminismo se organiza nessas redes no intuito de denunciar a hegemonia do saber médico na construção social do corpo das mulheres como um artifício reificador das opressões estruturais que assolam e constroem a condição feminina. O desenho metodológico do artigo se dá através de revisão bibliográfica acerca da construção social do corpo feminino, do acompanhamento de um grupo de acolhimento feminista no Facebook composto por mulheres de uma capital da região amazônica, e da análise de um relato de violência obstétrica postado nesse grupo, além de entrevistas com integrantes.
Experiências e experimentos de duas mães dragoas: Narrativas de maternidade de filhos com doenças raras
Authors: Clímaco Júlia Campos
Published: August 2018

Pensando nas diversas maternidades, esse trabalho compartilha experiências de duas mulheres que tiveram filhos com uma doença neurodegenarativa rara, Tay-Sachs, que causa a morte na primeira infância. Para ressignificar o que até então compreendiam por maternidade, ouviram outras mulheres que haviam acompanhado seus filhos até a morte, que se nomeavam de mães dragoas. A experiência dessa maternidade adversa lhes apresentou alguns dilemas morais que as levaram a experimentar e ampliar as possibilidades de vida. Reinventando suas relações com o tempo e com o cotidiano, encontraram maneiras novas de estar no mundo, a partir e no cuidado: de si e de seus filhos. Esse trabalho analisa as narrativas escritas por duas mulheres sobre seu cotidiano com seus filhos, desde o diagnóstico até a morte.
“Ver, Ser Vista e Deixar Ser Vista”: aspectos das relações dialéticas entre as pinturas rupestres de Caiapônia
Authors: Binant Pascale , Viana Sibeli A. , Penã Alfredo Palau
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar os resultados da retomada dos estudos das pinturas rupestres na região arqueológica de Caiapônia, localizada na região sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, município de Palestina de Goiás. As pesquisas na região têm seu primeiro momento entre fins da década de 1970 e início de 1980, realizadas pela equipe de P. I. Schmitz. A partir de 2009, uma nova fase de estudos se instaura, delineando o atual processo investigativo, que repousa no estudo de aspectos de relações dialéticas entre as manifestações rupestres de Caiapônia a partir da distribuição espacial dos abrigos pintados no território, do posicionamento das pinturas nos abrigos e da relação que elas estabelecem entre si.
A origem do totemismo – de Franz Boas
Authors: Oliveira Ana Caroline Amorim , Machado Renata Freitas , Santos Thaiana Balbino , Souza Juliano Bonamigo Ferreira de , Avery Morgane
Published: August 2018

Do original:Boas, Franz. "The Origin of Totemism." American Anthropologist, New Series, 18, no. 3 (1916): 319-26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/660307.
Aquisição, afasia e a hierarquia prosódica
Authors: Scarpa Ester Mirian
Published: August 2018

Studies on language acquisition have shown that the child exhibits a top-down trajectory in the acquisition of the prosodic hierarchy, starting with the organisation of the upper (intonational) prosodic levels. Rhythmic readjustments and postlexical secondary stress are later acquisitions. Prosodic disturbances of aphasia and dysarthria have been connected to the question of brain-damage lateralisation and linguistic processing. Subjects damaged in their right hemisphere are said to be dysprosodic; they produce few Fo variations, Fo flattenning, slow tempo. Prosody is said to be reasonably preserved in Broca´s subjects and well preserved in fluent (Wernicke) aphasia subjects. A comparative study was carried out with two subjects, one aphasic and one dysarthric. Some prosodic difficulties were observed in the speech of fluent aphasic subjects, related to the prosodic hierarchy, to the metrical grid and to syllable structure, respectively. On the other hand, the correct placement of pauses in the frontiers of upper domains of the dysarthric subject shows preservation of the prosodic hierarchy. Pitch-direction is also preserved, with short pitch-range. In both cases, the upper domains of the prosodic hierarchy are preserved.
Concordância de gênero no processamento de formas pronominais
Authors: Côrrea Letícia Maria Sicuro
Published: August 2018

Pronominal agreement and grammatical agreement are distinguished. In particular, it is argued that pronominal agreement may involve the semantic interpretation of the formal gender feature of the pronoun independently from the interpretation of the gender feature of the antecedent. The vulnerability of lexicalsyntactic information concerning the gender of the antecedent is also considered. Two experiments are reported which explore the possibility of [+animate] nouns being gender invariable in Portuguese and information is provided regarding the natural gender (sex) of the gender invariable antecedent of the pronoun. The effect of grammatical gender/natural gender congruence upon the processing of pronominal forms is investigated. In the fist experiment, the sentences of the pair are contiguous and in the second one, the distance between antecedent and pronoun is enlarged. The results of Exp. 1 suggest that lexicalsyntactic information prevails though the processing of pronominal reference is facilitated when there is semantic information compatible with the semantic interpretation of the gender of the pronoun. The results of Exp 2 suggest that pronominal reference can be solved on a semantic basis when information concerning the grammatical gender of the linguistic antecedent is not available. The results are compatible with a model of sentence processing which predicts integrative processes at the end of the sentence. They also contribute to the creation of a discourse-processing model that expresses how cohesive relationships involving pronominal forms can be established.
Emergência e natureza da metáfora primária desejar é ter fome
Authors: Lima Paula Lenz Costa , Gibbis Júnior Raymond , Françozo Edson
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the role of human bodily experience in the generation of metaphors in language and thought is investigated through empiric linguistic and psycholinguistic studies on the DESIRE IS HUNGER metaphor. Based on Grady’s hypothesis (1997), which suggests a direct link between the recurrence of universal particular bodily experiences and the generation of primitive conceptual metaphors, we investigated how American English and Brazilian Portuguese speakers metaphorically conceptualize desire in terms of hunger. Our results were congruent with Grady’s hypothesis, showing that what people know about their embodied experiences of hunger allows them both to predict which aspects of desire will, and will not, be thought of, and talked about, in terms of their embodied understandings of hunger, and to understand metaphorical expressions about human desires, such as politicians hunger for power or these children hunger for affection. Moreover, we analyzed the DESIRE IS HUNGER metaphor productivity, which was shown to be very high and was also shown to be employed in different discourse genres and in many areas of human knowledge, in both languages.
Gestion du topic et organisation de la conversation
Authors: Mondana Lorenza
Published: August 2018

Cet article développe une approche de la notion de “topic” dans la perspective de l’analyse conversationnelle d’origine ethnométhodologique. Cette approche est caractérisée par trois préoccupations spécifiques: en premier lieu, elle traite la gestion du topic par rapport à la question générale de l’organisation de la parole en interaction et à la question particulière de la façon dont celle-ci est assurée par les locuteurs en exploitant de façon située les ressources linguistiques; en deuxième lieu, elle insiste sur le caractère “endogène” de la définition du topic, en décrivant la façon dont les locuteurs eux-mêmes la traitent à toutes fins pratiques dans leurs activités interactionnelles; en troisième lieu, elle aborde l’organisation topicale moins du point de vue des formes linguistiques utilisées pour la marquer que du point de vue des procédés interactifs mis en oeuvre par les participants, pouvant exploiter localement des formes linguistiques spécifiques.
Anáfora e correferência: por que as duas noções não se identificam?
Authors: Ilari Rodolfo
Published: August 2018

Dans cet article je soutiens que l’anaphore textuelle et la co-référence sont deux phénomènes imbriqués mais distincts, si bien que le cas où une expression anaphorique s’ interprète strictement comme la récupération d’un référent présenté préalablement dans le même texte n’est ni le seul possible, ni le plus instructif. Pour le montrer, je me rapporte à un concepte célebre dans la littérature sur la référence - celui de singular term, que Zeno Vendler exposait naguère dans Linguistics and Philosophy (1967), et je montre à propos d’un certain nombre d‘extraits de journaux brésiliens récents qu’il peut y avoir anaphore entre deux syntagmes nominaux du même texte même si ces syntagmes ne peuvent pas être analysés comme des singular terms d’ après les critères de Vendler. Ces exemples montrent que si l’on veut malgré tout donner une explication référentielle de l’anaphore textuelle, on doit payer le prix d’un élargissement considérable du concept de référence. On a alors intérêt à le rédéfinir dans le cadre des représentations réciproques des interlocuteurs et de leurs ressources cognitives, ce qui finit par ramener l’anaphore au domaine des contraintes et des faits traditionellement reconnus comme pragmatiques.
A determinação de sentidos lexicais no contexto
Authors: Moura Heronides Maurílio de Melo
Published: August 2018

This article is an attempt to establish a link between types of anaphora with demonstrative pronouns and the way in which the determination of lexical meaning in context occurs. I intend to show that this analysis may highlight the nature of different kinds of indeterminacy of meaning, namely, polysemy, homonymy and vagueness.
O determinante demonstrativo em sintagmas nominais
Authors: Zamponi Graziela
Published: August 2018

In this paper we start a reflection about demonstrative noun phrases. From the concept of memorial deixis, we infer the presence of an associated “subjectivity” in the use of demonstrative determiners, through which the speaker calls the addressee’s attention to an object, therefore giving a discursive dimension to this type of determiner.
Processos de referenciação em duas configurações narrativas: o conto popular e a estória oral
Authors: Bentes Anna Christina
Published: August 2018

This article describes how narrators from Brazilian Amazon region configurate oral tradition in two different ways. The first way, called “folk-tale” is characterized considering the fact that narrators, when telling their stories, privilege the dimensions of repetition and stability. The second one, called “oral story”, is characterized considering the fact that narrators, when telling their stories, privilege the dimensions of difference and instability. The present analysis of both configurations takes into account two aspects (i) the enunciative situation in which they were produced and (ii) the textual and discursive strategies developed by narrators. Folk-tales present (i) fixed plots, which are common-shared and (ii) referenciation strategies that do not show the discursive instances in which the stories are produced. Oral stories reconstruct tradition radically. In this way, they do not present fixed plots, what makes possible the emergency of versions that are distant from the formulaic nature of oral tradition. Referenciation strategies present in this second narrative configuration are much more varied and they also make possible the emergency of the discursive instances in which narratives are produced.
PopulationDynamics of Green Crabs (Carcinus maenas) -- A Review
Authors: Young Alan , Elliott James
Published: August 2018

Carcinus maenas (the “shore crab” or “European green crab”) is a very proficient invader (considered to be one of the world’s 100 worst invaders by the IUCN) due to its phenotypic plasticity, wide temperature and salinity tolerance, and an extensive omnivorous diet. Native to Atlantic Europe, it has established two well-studied nonindigenous populations in the northwestern Atlantic and northeastern Pacific and less-studied populations in Australia, Argentina and South Africa. Green crabs are eurythermal and euryhaline as adults, but they are limited to temperate coastlines due to more restrictive temperature requirements for breeding and larval development. They cannot tolerate wave-swept open shores so are found in wave-protected sheltered bays, estuaries and harbors. C. maenas has been the subject of numerous papers, with over 1000 published in the past decade. This literature review provides an up-to-date account of the current published information on the population dynamics of this very important species, including habitat preferences, physical parameter tolerances, reproduction and larval development, sizes of crabs, densities of populations, sex ratios, ecosystem dynamics and ecological impacts in the various established global populations of green crabs.
Hydraulic Features of Flow through Local Non-Submerged Rigid Vegetation in a Y-Shaped Confluence Channel
Authors: Tong Xuneng , Liu Xiaodong , Yang Ting , Hua Zulin , Wang Zian , Liu Jingjing , Li Ruoshui
Published: August 2018

Vegetation has a significant influence on velocity distribution and turbulent energy in a confluence channel. A laboratory measurement with ADV was used to investigate the flow through a Y-shaped confluence channel partially covered with rigid vegetation on its inner bank. In this study, the flow velocities in cases with and without vegetation were measured by the ADV in a Y-shaped confluence channel. The results clearly show that the existence of non-submerged rigid plants has changed the internal flow structure, that the velocity in the non-vegetated area is greater than in the vegetated area, and that there is a large exchange of mass and momentum between the vegetated and non-vegetated areas. The velocity on both sides is significantly reduced when vegetation is present. In the vicinity of tributaries, due to the presence of vegetation, the high-velocity area moved rapidly to the middle of the non-vegetated area, and the secondary flow phenomenon disappeared. In the mainstream, when vegetation was present, circulation disappeared, and the degree of lateral mixing decreased. The presence of vegetation caused a great change in the internal flow structure and made the flow in non-vegetated areas more intense.
Yield of Low-Dose Computerized Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer in High-Risk Workers: The Case of 7189 US Nuclear Weapons Workers
Authors: Markowitz Steven B. , Manowitz Amy , Miller Jeffery A. , Frederick James S. , Onyekelu-Eze Amaka C. , Widman Shannon A. , Pepper Lewis D. , Miller Albert
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To determine the lung cancer screening yield and stages in a union-sponsored low-dose computerized tomography scan program for nuclear weapons workers with diverse ages, smoking histories, and occupations.

Methods. We implemented a low-dose computerized tomography program among 7189 nuclear weapons workers in 9 nonmetropolitan US communities during 2000 to 2013. Eligibility criteria included age, smoking, occupation, radiographic asbestos-related fibrosis, and a positive beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test.

Results. The proportion with screen-detected lung cancer among smokers aged 50 years or older was 0.83% at baseline and 0.51% on annual scan. Of 80 lung cancers, 59% (n = 47) were stage I, and 10% (n = 8) were stage II. Screening yields of study subpopulations who met the National Lung Screening Trial or the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Group 2 eligibility criteria were similar to those found in the National Lung Screening Trial.

Conclusions. Computerized tomography screening for lung cancer among high-risk workers leads to a favorable yield of early-stage lung cancers.

Public Health Implications. Health equity and efficiency dictate that screening high-risk workers for lung cancer should be an important public health priority.
Adoption of Tobacco- and Smoke-Free Policies in a US National Sample of Postsecondary Educational Institutions
Authors: Trad Catherine , Bayly Jennifer , Saint-Fort Launick , Andrews Mary , Patel Minal , Sabado-Liwag Melanie , Haynie Denise , Simons-Morton Bruce , Choi Kelvin
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To examine the institutional characteristics associated with the adoption of tobacco- and smoke-free policies among US postsecondary educational institutions.

Methods. In 2017, we collected information on tobacco policy types and institutional characteristics of a national sample of US postsecondary educational institutions (n = 605) attended by the participants of the NEXT Generation Health Study. We used logistic regression to examine the relationships between these variables.

Results. Overall, 35.2% of these institutions adopted tobacco-free policies (i.e., prohibit all tobacco product use on campus), 10.1% had smoke-free policies (i.e., prohibit smoking but not other tobacco product use on campus), and 53.7% did not have tobacco- or smoke-free policies. Proprietary (privately owned, for-profit) institutions (vs public institutions) were the least likely to have tobacco- or smoke-free policies (P < .05), which were disproportionately attended by racial/ethnic minority students. Adoption of these policies also varied by census region (P < .05).

Conclusions. Prevalence of tobacco- and smoke-free policies among US postsecondary educational institutions is low.

Public Health Implications. Wide dissemination of evidence-based interventions to accelerate adoption of tobacco-free policies in all postsecondary educational institutions is warranted.
Land Use Effects on Soil Health in Semiarid Drylands
Authors: Thapa Vesh R. , Ghimire Rajan , Mikha Maysoon M. , Idowu Omololu J. , Marsalis Mark A.
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Effects of diverse land uses on soil health indicators were evaluated.

Conversion to grassland restores soil organic carbon lost due to cultivation.

Livestock integration in cropping systems improves soil organic matter storage.

Minimizing soil disturbance improves soil structure and thereby reduces soil erosion.

Recent interest in improving soil health and resilience recognizes the role soil organic matter (SOM) plays in the living components and the essential functions they provide. A study was conducted to evaluate SOM components, including soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic matter, potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), inorganic N, and wet aggregate stability as indicators of soil health under grazed native pasture, cropland converted to grassland, conventional‐tilled grazed cropland, and no‐tilled and strip‐tilled croplands with no grazing. The SOC content was 36.9% greater in grasslands than croplands irrespective of grazing management, and POXC/SOC ratio was 41.2% greater in strip‐tilled croplands than other land uses. Soil inorganic N was 270% greater in croplands than grasslands. The wet aggregate stability in conventional‐tilled grazed cropland was 22.6% lower than other land uses. Restoring grasslands and livestock integration have potential to improve soil health and resilience in semiarid drylands through improvements in SOM dynamics.
Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Tractor Guidance Technology
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Lindsay K. R. , Popp M. P. , Owens P. R.
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas

Tractor guidance (TG) technology allows for spatially precise input applications.

A decision‐support tool was developed to quantify environmental and economic impacts of TG.

Greatest C equivalent emission reductions and cost savings occurred with Cotton‐Only scenario.

TG was profitable for operations evaluated and led to C equivalent emissions reductions.

This tool may improve agricultural sustainability and enhance technology adoption.

Tractor guidance technology allows for more spatially precise input applications, which leads to efficiency gains that are difficult to quantify at the systems level. A decision‐support tool, Tractor Guidance Analysis (TGA), was developed to quantify carbon equivalent (CE) emission reductions associated with this technology for three scenarios (500 ha each): (i) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), (ii) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and (iii) cotton and soybean mixed. Carbon equivalent emission reductions for cotton, soybean, and mixed enterprises were 27.5, 5.6, and 16.5 kg ha−1, with attendant increases in farm profitability ($68,700, $16,900, and, $42,900, respectively). Tractor guidance led to total farm CE emission reductions of 15.7, 3.5, and 9.6 Mg for cotton, soybean, and mixed operations, respectively. These results highlight that CE reductions are (i) crop specific, (ii) scale dependent, and (iii) equipment and input‐use specific. Consequently, TGA can improve agricultural sustainability by informing users of economic and environmental repercussions of tractor guidance and may thereby enhance technology adoption.