bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARKETING ACTIVITY AS A WAY TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Temchenko Hanna , Bondarchuk Olga , Astafieva Kateryna
Published: April 2021

The process of marketing development in small businesses is associated with the formation of their management concepts, which are closely related to product consumers. The basis for the effective functioning of the marketing system in the conditions of small businesses is an integral scheme of organizing the marketing management system based on the influence of factors of the competitiveness of enterprises.
The article deals with the main issues of improving the management of the marketing system in the context of conducting business activities by small enterprises. Today, the practice of management and the practice of sales activities is overloaded with a large number of approaches and expert opinions on the management of the marketing complex in modern market conditions of management. However, most of the questions remain rhetorical, and all views are purely advisory in nature.
The lack of a comprehensive nature in the development and implementation of concepts, marketing strategies that meet the requirements of an innovative economy makes the process of marketing and sales of finished products time-consuming and quite multi-aspect. Taking into account all aspects and factors of the competitive environment of small enterprises, the necessity and expediency of the development and implementation of a marketing ideology of management based on the concept of integrated marketing is substantiated.
The study considers the basic marketing factors of influence from the point of view of enterprise competitiveness. The substantiation of the development of the competitiveness potential of a small enterprise is given. The necessity of marketing management of competitiveness, which is based on the use of tools for assessing small businesses, has been proved.
The advantages of marketing management based on the concept of relationship marketing for small businesses are considered.
Analysis and generalization of the results of the study made it possible to form an integral scheme for organizing a system for managing the marketing activities of a small enterprise. The paper proposes an innovative model for managing the marketing system in small businesses, which consists of three components: integrated, intra-organizational and marketing interaction, as well as an algorithm for its use based on the use of integrated marketing.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN MARKET
Authors: Poperechny Stepan , Salamin Oksana
Published: April 2021

The problems of formation agricultural market are discussed. The release of levers of state influence on economic entities was carried out without the development and implementation of agricultural policy aimed at forming the agricultural market and its infrastructure. Due to the inadequate level of market infrastructure, there are a lot of problems in finding distribution channels on an alternative basis. Small enterprises found themselves in the worst conditions. They often cannot bring products to market. Products are sold to individual purchasing organizations that have monopolized the market. Because of this, prices are very volatile. Manufacturers cannot adapt to such prices. It is impossible to develop business plans and apply for bank loans. This hinders the formation and development of farms. Their number has been declining in Ukraine in recent years. The simplification of the procedure for their establishment and the possibility of establishing these farms without state registration as legal entities did not increase the number of farms.
Organizational and financial efforts of state agricultural management bodies aimed at forming service cooperatives are fruitless. Opportunities for these cooperatives to perform the functions of market infrastructure, organization of product processing and branded trade were dropped from the field of view. The wholesale markets for agricultural products created in Ukraine are more acceptable for business entities engaged in commercial activities on a permanent basis than for agricultural producers. The auctions are not held there. Retail and small wholesale trade predominates throughout the day.
In the conditions of the initial stages of formation agrarian market and its infrastructure in Ukraine, especially large holdings are developing. They form their own distribution channels and bring products to foreign markets where prices are more stable. A limited range of raw materials is produced. Imports of processed products are growing. It is proposed to direct the state agricultural policy to the creation self-regulatory vertical and horizontal marketing systems. State intervention prices will be formed there. That are acceptable to all participants in market relations.
Kaedah Soal Jawab Dalam Pengajaran Imam Abu Anifah : Satu Analisis Perbandingan
Authors: Mamat Mohd Anuar
Published: April 2021

Kaedah pengajaran merupakan antara elemen penting dalam bidang pendidikan. Ia amat berkait rapat dengan usaha ke arah merealisasikan pendidikan berkualiti dan pengajaran yang berkesan. Makalah ini membincangkan soal jawab sebagai salah satu kaedah pengajaran Abu Anifah. Hal ini diteliti berdasarkan karya dan amalan behalf dalam bidang pengajaran. Makalah ini mendapati bahawa pandangan dan amalan Abfi Anifah berkenaan kaedah soal jawab adalah selaras dengan tradisi Islam yang digagaskan dalam al-Quran, al-Sunnah dan amalan para Sahabat. Kaedah soal jawab ini juga kemudiannya turut dikembangkan oleh para sarjana Islam selepas beliau.Method of teaching is an important element in the process of education. It is closely related to the effort towards a realization of quality education and effective teaching. This article presents the questioning method as one of the teaching method employed by Abfi Hanifah. The discussion is based on a selection of his treatises and his teaching practice thereof. This article found that the questioning method according to Abu Hanifah is in accordance with the Islamic tradition which is derived from al-Quran, al-Sunnah and the practice of the Companions. It is developed later by the scholars of Islam.
Kefahaman dan Keperluan Pendidikan Perkahwinan di Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Yusof Siti Nubailah , Mahmud Zuria , Amat Salleh
Published: April 2021

Pendidikan perkahwinan merupakan satu bentuk bekalan maklumat yang direka untuk membantu individu dan pasangan mencapai kejayaan dan kebahagiaan dalam perkahwinan. Namun, pendidikan perkahwinan bukan hanya setakat kursus pra-perkahwinan tetapi is merupakan ilmu dan kemahiran perlu ada semasa permulaan perkahwinan dan ianya berterusan sepanjang tempoh perkahwinan itu berlangsung. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pandangan pakar dan orang awam mengenai pendidikan perkahwinan di Malaysia. Kajian ini mengumpul data melalui temubual berstruktur dengan 12 orang sampel iaitu 3 orang awam dan 9 orang pakar yang terdiri daripada pensyarah, kaunselor berdaftar dan pegawai agama. Data yang diperolehi diuruskan dalam NVivo 8 dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis tema. Hasil daripada temubual memperolehi dua tema utama iaitu : 1) kefahaman pendidikan perkahwinan dan 2) keperluan pendidikan perkahwinan.Marriage education is a form of dissemination of information designed to help individual and couples to achieve happiness and success in marriage. Nevertheless, marriage education is not just a pre-marital course, but it is a knowledge and skills needed to have either at the beginning of marriage and it continued along marriage lasted. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the views of experts and public about marriage education in Malaysia. The study collected data through structured interviews with 12 samples, 3 public and 9 experts consisting lecturers, registered counselors and religious officers. Data were managed in NVivo 8 using thematic analysis approach. Outcomes from the interview obtained two main themes 1) understanding of marriage education and 2) necessity of marriage education.
Variations of Word Usage in Arabic Media: A Study of Arabic Newspapers
Authors: Abd Razak Zainur Rijal
Published: April 2021

The main idea behind practising Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is to standardise the use of the Arabic language in all Arab countries, especially in official communication, be it written or spoken. This is due to their belief that language is one of the important elements contributing to their unity and sense of brotherhood as they are separated by different legitimate territories. This effort has more or less succeeded in uniting them in certain aspects. In reality, however, the writer has found that the practice has yet to ensure the standardisation of the Arabic language, particularly in terms of word usage style among countries. Taking news articles as data, this paper aims to highlight the differences that occur in word usage in seven Arabic newspapers from different countries, with a corpus of around 85,000 words from the World Affairs section. The analysis also includes articles published in two Arabic newspapers from non-Arab countries in order to relate to the role of geography in creating word usage style in publishing. The Wordsmith 5.0 computer programme was applied to the corpus by extracting all words into frequency lists and concordance. The results show that the Arabic newspapers contributed greatly to the creation of word usage variations, specifically in terms of spelling, loan word acceptance, verb transitivity to particle, phrase combination and plural formation.
Students’ Perception Towards The Management of Islamic Business and Economics Undergraduate Programs in Malaysian Public Universities: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Muhamed Nurul Aini , Yaakub Nor Asiah , Mohd Daud Siti Nurazira
Published: April 2021

Program management in Islamic-based Higher Education Providers (HEPs) is designed to produce an outstanding human capital, which is at last can serve their obedience to Allah SWT, ummah and the environment. These are among the main aims of Islamic-based HEP, which are aligned with the university vision and mission. The ability to produce excellent Muslim generations is closely influenced by curriculum and co-curriculum design, teaching and learning methods as well as lecturers’ knowledge. Despites the demand on various new teaching and learning methods (such as students centered learning - SCL) the viewpoint of students’ satisfaction should also been considered. It is important to look at this perspective since they are the main explicit stakeholders and directly exposed to various teaching and learning experiences. This paper aims to explore on the perception of final year students from business and economic programs in two aspects; (i) curriculum and (ii) co-curriculum practices. This study takes the sample from two Islamic-based higher education institutions that implement Islamic education. The method of this study is the adapted Profile Accumulation Technique (PAT) introduced by Johns and Lee-Ross to capture an in-depth information. Generally, this study shows that there are positive responds on teaching methods, academic integrity and benefits of curricular activities in HEPs.
Model Dakwah : Satu Analisis Teoritikal
Authors: Hj Don Abdul Ghafar , Gade Syabuddin
Published: April 2021

This article is based on library research concerning the theory related to ‘the model of da’wah’. The term ‘model da’wah’ here refers to example or form of da’wah which is expected to act as a framework in the context of da’wah implementation so as the process of da’wah delivery can work efficiently and effectively. This article tries to analyse several ‘theoretical da’wah model’ namely da’wah fardiyah model, da’wah fi’ah model, educational da'wah model, model dakwah bicthah, model dakwah korespondensi, model dakwah islahiyyah, model dakwah organisasi, general da'wah model and integrated da'wah model. These models of da’wah have their own characteristics.

Abstrak

Artikel ini merupakan hasil kajian kepustakaan berkenaan dengan teori yang berhubungkait dengan “model dakwah”. Istilah “model dakwah” yang dimaksudkan di sini adalah contoh atau bentuk dakwah yang diharapkan boleh menjadi acuan dalam konteks pelaksanaan dakwah agar proses ‘delivery’ dakwah berjalan dengan efisien dan efektif. Artikel ini cuba menganalisis beberapa “model dakwah teoritikal” iaitu model dakwah fardiyah, model dakwah fi’ah, model dakwah pendidikan, model dakwah bicath, model dakwah korespondensi, model dakwah islahiyah, model dakwah organisasi, model dakwah umum dan model dakwah bersepadu. Semua model dakwah ini mempunyai karektaristik masing-masing.
Syarat Kesihatan Fizikal Bagi Ketua Negara Dalam Islam: Suatu Ijtihad
Authors: Harun Abdul Halim , Syed Ismail Sharifah Hayaati
Published: April 2021

Previous scholars of Islamic politics discussed the prerequisites that must be fulfilled by someone to be appointed as a head of state and the number of requirements set was different from one scholar to another. It is observed that al-Mawardi put seven requirements, Ibn Khaldun with five requirements, al-Ghazali with ten requirements, al-Baghdadi with four requirements, and Ibn Hazm suggested eight requirements. These differences arose because some scholars set the requirements in more detail whereas some of them lumped up several in one requirement. There are also some requirements that they agreed and some requirements they did not agree. Physical health requirement or no defects senses is one of the disagreements among some scholars. This difference is due to the lack of clear text (nas sarih) either in al-Quran or in al- Hadith, however it shall be based on ijtihad to the interpretation of certain Quranic text. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the differences in views and strength of ijtihad on health requirement during the current different application. This is a qualitative study by using the library research and data was analyzed using descriptive method. The study found out that physical health requirement for the head of state is an ijtihad to benefit the people and the current needs of a particular country.

Abstrak

Para sarjana siasah syar’iyyah terdahulu telah membahaskan syarat-syarat yang wajib dipenuhi oleh seseorang yang akan dilantik menjadi ketua negara dengan jumlah senarai persyaratan yang berbeza antara satu dengan yang lainnya. al-Mawardi meletakkan tujuh syarat, Ibn Khaldun lima syarat, al-Ghazali sepuluh syarat, al-Baghdadi empat syarat, dan Ibn Hazm lapan syarat. Perbezaan ini timbul kerana beberapa ulama lebih mendetailkannya, dan sebahagian mereka meringkaskannya dalam satu syarat. Terdapat juga syarat yang mereka sepakati dan tidak disepakati. Syarat kesihatan fizikal atau tiada kecacatan pancaindera adalah salah satu syarat yang mereka tidak sepakati. Perbezaan ini adalah kerana tidak terdapat nas yang jelas (sarih) daripada al-Quran mahupun hadis, tetapi ia ditetapkan lebih berdasarkan ijtihad kepada tafsiran beberapa nas.Penulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis perbezaan pandangan dan kekuatan ijtihad syarat kesihatan terhadap aplikasi semasa yang berbeza tuntutannya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode keperpustakaan yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Kajian mendapati bahawa meletakkan syarat kesihatan fizikal bagi ketua negara merupakan hasil ijtihad bagi kemaslahatan umat dan keperluan semasa sesebuah negara.
Investigation on the Awareness and Perception, Attitude, and Implementation of the Concept of Islamization of Knowledge among University Educators
Authors: Hamzah Fazlinda , Kedin Nor Adila , Sharifudin Mohd Azlan Shah
Published: April 2021

This paper attempts to shed some light on the extent to which university educators who are Muslim by religion familiarize themselves with the concept of Islamization of knowledge in their teaching. It is generally argued that knowledge is free from any intrinsic values that may render it biased toward a culture or religious tradition (Bashir, 2000). However, Muslim scholars such as Ismail Al-Faruqi and Syed Naquib Al-Attas refuted such claim as they believe such perception would put Muslim students at risk of being helpless against the onslaught of scientifc truth. Survey research design was employed to execute this investigation in which a number of educators from various felds offered in UiTM Melaka were selected to answer 11 questions related to their awareness and perception, attitude, and implementation of Islamization of knowledge. General overview from the results revealed a rather promising outlook to the prior assumption that educators are oblivious towards the concept of Islamization of knowledge.
Potential Integration of Naqli and Aqli Knowledge in Counseling by Understanding the Concept of Wellness
Authors: Baharudin Dini Farhana , Mahmud Zuria , Amat Salleh , Mohd Jailani Mohd Rushdan
Published: April 2021

Counseling is a profession that is concerned with all aspects of development for the individual client and this is synonymous with the philosophy of wellness. Even though the wellness emphasis is not well understood and is not systematically taught or applied due to ongoing debates among Western scholars about this concept and despite confusion with the usage of various terms to refer to wellness, the concept of wellness has the potential to be integrated with the naqli and aqli knowledge in counseling. In Islam, this concept has long been discussed. It is hoped that by comparing the Islamic concept of welness to the Western perspective would help increase the understanding of this concept and highlight its application in counseling as an example of the integration of revealed knowledge and rational science. This paper will discuss briefly the concept of wellness from the perspective of Islam and the West, as well as looking at some common grounds and differences between the two views. Both views agree that wellness is a lifelong process that is holistic, comprising of multiple dimensions. However, the Islamic view of this concept is broader and complements the existing view on wellness. The implication of this study to the field of counseling includes refocusing counseling to the developmental aspect of an individual that comprised of not only remediation but also prevention.
The Sensitivity of the Past Malayonesian Leaders and Scholars toward Sustainability
Authors: M.Z Shaharir , M.B.A.K Alinor
Published: April 2021

Based on our study on two inscriptions, the Talang Tuwo inscription in Palembang, Sumatera dated 683 AD, and an inscription at Phui Qui, Vietnam dated 1088 AD, and three manuscripts, the Nagarakartagama by Prapanca 1365 AD, Hikayat Raja Pasai written by an anonymous in early sixteenth century, and Taj al-Salatdin by Bukhary al-Jawhary 1603, we show that the past Malayonesian leaders and scholars were very much sensitive towards the environmental, food, language, religious-spiritual, and knowledge sustainabilities. The comprehensiveness of their sustainability concept can be seen from their concern not only about this world but also hereafter and not just human being but every creation. For sustainabilities, their great leaders, and scholars had practiced or prescribed principle of moderation; subscribed religious concept of happiness and spiritualism; against greed, extremism-fanaticism, pride, unbalanced in wealth and hedonism.
Kebolehbacaan Buku Teks Maharat Al-Qira’ah Berasaskan Ujian Kloz Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Authors: Sjahrony Aisyah , Lubis Abdin Lubis Maimun Aqsha
Published: April 2021

Textbooks are one of the reference materials in the teaching of Arabic in Malaysia. In line with the current development, the Arabic language has become an important foreign language after English. Arabic language achievement of students in the country is still at a low level. Among the factors associated with the weakness issues of Arabic language proficiency among students is the suitability of the language level in the textbooks. The objective of this study was to determine the level of readability of a textbook, Maharat al-Qira’ah at the Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia. The respondents comprised of 162 students. Data was collected through cloze tests and questionnaires and later analyzed using descriptive analysis. The average score for cloze test of textbook Maharat al-Qira’ah is defined by 65%, which translates that the level still remain at a low level and not appropriate for the purposes of teaching and learning. Therefore, the authorities should take into account the level of readability before any textbook is used as the learning resource so that it corresponds to the students’ level of language skills.

 

Abstrak

Buku teks merupakan salah satu bahan rujukan utama dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Malaysia. Seiring dengan perkembangan semasa, bahasa Arab telah menjadi bahasa asing yang penting selepas bahasa Inggeris. Pencapaian bahasa Arab pelajar di negara ini masih di tahap lemah. Antara faktor dikaitkan dengan isu kelemahan bahasa Arab dalam kalangan pelajar adalah aras bahasa buku teks yang kurang sesuai dengan mereka. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan menentukan tahap kebolehbacaan buku teks Maharat al-Qira’ah yang dijadikan buku teks di Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Buku teks ini digunakan oleh pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda bagi subjek kemahiran bahasa Arab di universiti tersebut. Dalam mengukur tahap kebolehbacaan ujian Kloz dijalankan dalam kalangan pelajar dan melihat perbezaan skor ujian Kloz yang diperoleh dari aspek jantina pelajar, teksteks bacaan yang diuji dan pencapaian pelajar dalam peperiksaan akhir semester. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, satu tinjauan berupa ujian melalui satu set ujian Kloz telah dijalankan ke atas 162 orang pelajar. Data kajian dianalisis secara kuantitatif dekskriptif. Hasil ujian yang dijalankan mendapati skor purata ujian Kloz bagi buku teks Maharat al-Qira’ah adalah sebanyak 65% yang ditafsirkan masih berada pada tahap rendah, iaitu kurang sesuai untuk tujuan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di kelas. Oleh itu pihak yang berwajib seharusnya mengambil kira tahap kebolehbacaan teks yang disediakan sebelum dijadikan bahan pembelajaran pelajar agar sesuai dengan tahap kemahiran bahasa pelajar tersebut.
Hubungan Maslahah Al-Mursalah Kepada Pembangunan Belia Muslim Berintegriti Di Kawasan Perumahan : Satu Kajian Di Taman Senai Utama
Authors: Husain Mohd Huefiros Efizi Bin , Abd Majid Mohd Nasir Bin , Abdul Rab Muneer Ali
Published: April 2021

Youth is a middle group between children and adults who have achieved the level of thinking to administer and develop themselves. Muslim youths’ role in society and the country has been seen since the days of the prophet with leading aspects such as education, leadership and business. It’s not only about continuing the work of previous generation, but youths have been claimed as the vicissitudes of empires. Muslim youth today need to develop a bold gamble and act wisely in order not be inactive and backward as compared to Muslim youths in other countries. Therefore, this study aims to describe the role of Taman Senai Utama in the process of developing Muslim youth who possess excellent integrity. The objective of this study examines the efforts to develop the integrity of Muslim youth in Taman Senai Utama based on the concept of Maslahah al-Mursalah. In addition, the terms Maslahah al-Mursalah and its importance to the title above. This study used qualitative methods specifically, library research study or related literatures. The results of this evaluation found Maslahah al-Mursalah has an important contributionin the development of Muslim youth with integrity in Taman Senai Utama.

Abstrak

Belia merupakan kumpulan pertengahan di antara kanak-kanak dan dewasa yang telah capai tahap pemikiran untuk mentadbir dan memajukan diri. Peranan belia Muslim dalam masyarakat dan negara telah dilihat sejak zaman para nabi lagi dengan mengemudi pelbagai aspek seperti pendidikan, pimpinan dan perniagaan. Ia bukan hanya menyambung tugas generasi sebelumnya, malah mereka dikatakan punca jatuh bangun sesebuah empayar. Belia Muslim hari ini perlu berani menyusun percaturan serta bijak bertindak agar tidak mandom dan kelihatan terkebelakang berbanding belia Muslim di negara-negara lain walau di mana sahaja mereka berada. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan menghuraikan peranan kawasan perumahan Taman Senai Utama dalam proses membangunkan belia Muslim berintegriti yang cemerlang. Objektif kajian ini meneliti usaha membangunkan belia Muslim yang berintegriti di Taman Senai Utama bersandarkan kepada konsep maslahah al-mursalah. Selain itu, membongkar syarat-syarat maslahah al-mursalah dan kepentingannya terhadap tajuk di atas. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif untuk menemui objektif kajian dengan pendekatan kaedah kepustakaan. Hasil penilaian ini mendapati maslahah al-mursalah mempunyai hubungan yang erat dalam membangunkan belia Muslim yang berintegriti di kawasan perumahan Taman Senai Utama dalam bidang pembangunan ilmu, keusahawanan dan interaksi sosial.
The Historical Impact on the Valuation of Dowry (Mahr) Rate: Pre and Post-Colonial Eras in Johor
Authors: Abd Wakil Muhammad Najib , Ahmad Che Maryam
Published: April 2021

In Malaysia, the amounts of dowry “mahr” are decided by respective state of Islamic authorities accordingly based on the provision by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. Study has identified that Johor is among the states with the lowest rate of mahr fixed upon marriage. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine the history and transformation of mahr’s rate in Johor from pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial era. This study employs a qualitative method by using content analysis, historical study, survey study and archival study. This study has also relied upon documents and interview to gain related information. The result of this study has found that the mahr’s rate in Johor was introduced and has not changed since almost a century ago. In fact, there have been some transitional periods of world currencies since that particular rate of mahr was introduced until today. Thus, this study found that the mahr’s rate which was based on the value of gold and silver previously was more beneficial for the people at that particular time as compared to the same rate used under today’s floating fiat currency. Current Mahr’s value of in today’s world is irrelevant as what Islam ruled and aimed from the regulation of mahr. The study suggests that the existing rate of mahr to be revalued in congruity with the current value of a catty of silver which is around RM 1392 as maximum rate and RM 70 as minimum rate according to previous opinion of mahr calculation that has been set in Johor.
Cabaran Dan Keyakinan Pelajar Melayu Terhadap Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Sekolah Menengah
Authors: Jaafar Muhammad Najib , Md Isa Zulkipli , Mansor Wahida , Abu Bakar Arnida , Hajib Zainal Abidin
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obstacle and confidence level among malay secondary students towards teaching and learning Arabic language. This study also tried to find out the co-relation between the confidence level among malay secondary students and frequency of their communication. This study was carried out involving 1400 students of standard 1, 2 and 4 all over the Malaysia west schools which offer the Arabic of Communication. Then, the data has been analysed using descriptive method into frequency, percentage and mean. The results has shown that Malay students faced an obstacle in learning Arabic language with mean score = 3.1340 and standard deviation. = 0.6470.  The result has also shown the confidence level of them towards Arabic language was average with mean score = 2.768 and sd. = 0.313.  The result also shown that there are nine factors of obstacles and eight factors of confidence level that influence of learning Arabic language. Test of χ2  is used to ensure the correlation between students’ confidence level and their frequency of communication in Arabic Language. Test of Independent also be done and has its significant with level 0.05,with value  χ2 = 107.588,  df = 9, p = 0.000.

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti tahap cabaran dan keyakinan pelajar-pelajar Melayu di sekolah menengah terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Arab.  Kajian ini juga melihat faktor-faktor yang membentuk cabaran dan mempengaruhi keyakinan para pelajar sekolah menengah dalam mempelajari Bahasa Arab. Seterusnya, kajian turut meneliti hubungan antara keyakinan pelajar-pelajar bertutur dalam Bahasa Arab dengan kekerapan mereka bertutur. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 1400 orang pelajar tingkatan 1, 2, dan 4 dari sekolah menengah agama di semenanjung Malaysia yang menawarkan subjek Bahasa Arab Komunikasi. Data kajian dipersembahkan secara diskriptif dalam bentuk kekerapan, peratusan dan min. Dapatan kajian mendapati tahap cabaran pelajar dalam mempelajari Bahasa Arab boleh dianggap sebagai mencabar pada kedudukan min sebanyak 3.1340 dengan nilai sisihan piawainya adalah pada 0.6470.  Manakala tahap keyakinan pelajar terhadap Bahasa Arab boleh dianggap sederhana dengan skor min mereka adalah pada  2.768 dan sisihan piawainya pula adalah pada 0.313. Kajian ini mendapati  sembilan faktor boleh dikaitkan dengan  cabaran pelajar mempelajari Bahasa Arab dan lapan faktor yang mempengaruhi keyakinan mereka. Ujian Khi Kuasa Dua telah digunakan bagi menentukan kebergantungan keyakinan pelajar bertutur dalam Bahasa Arab dengan kekerapan mereka bertutur dalam Bahasa Arab. Test of Independent telah dilakukan dan mendapati ianya signifikan pada aras 0.05, dengan nilai  χ2 = 107.588,  df = 9, p = 0.000.
Pendekatan Tawhidik Di Dalam Tatakelola Kerajaan Yang Baik (Good Governance): Satu Analisa Konsepsual
Authors: Malik Maszlee
Published: April 2021

While ‘Good Governance’ agenda as introduced by the World Bank in 1989 is a result of conventional developmental theories and represents the contemporary kernel of truth on how to develop, hence becoming a fad du jour of many. It has since then become a means for any government to improve its governance and administration and was similarly used by the oppositions in certain countries to bring their government into accountability. The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the Islamic foundation principles and values underpinning the field of governance in an attempt to construct a new systemic articulation of ‘Islamic governance’. This discursive and abstract, rather than being an empirical exercise, assumes to produce a ‘good governance’ framework within its own formulation through a value-shaped dynamic model according to the principle of Tawhid (unity of God), justice (‘adl) and maqasid al-Shari’ah (higher objective of Shari’ah) by going beyond the narrow remit of classical and contemporary discussions produced on the topic, which propose a certain institutional model of governance based on the classical juristic (fiqh) method.

Abstrak

Good Governance, ataupun yang diterjemahkan ke Bahasa Melayu sebagai tatakelola kerajaan yang baik, atau tadbirurus yang baik merupakan satu konsep yang amat popular dewasa ini. Semenjak konsep tersebut dipopularkan oleh Bank Dunia pada tahun 1989, sehingga kini, ia terus menjadi fad du jour (trend ikutan hari ini) oleh ramai pihak. Tatakelola dilihat sebagai satu kemestian bagi setiap kerajaan di dunia. Ia menjadi tema bagi pihak kerajaan yang ada untuk memperbaiki mutu pemerintahan dan pentadbiran mereka, dan juga menjadi senjata bagi pihak pembangkang di peringkat antarabangsa untuk mengkoreksi dan juga menilai kerajaan yang sedia ada. Persoalannya, apakah sikap Islam terhadap konsep tersebut? Dan apakah di dalam ajaran Islam terdapat juga konsep seumpamanya memandangkan Islam merupakan satu ajaran yang komprehensif yang mencakupi bidang keakhiratan dan juga bidang keduniaan? Artikel ringkas ini akan mengupas secara konsepsual pendekatan Tawhidik, keadilan (‘Adl) dan Maqasid al-Shari’ah terhadap isu tatakelola kerajaan yang baik (Good Governance) berteraskan pembacaan induktif kepada sumber epistemology Islam.
Sakarin Dalam Jeruk Buah Di Pasaran Semasa Malaysia Dan Hubungannya Dengan Konsep Halalan Thoyyiban
Authors: Abdullah Nor Suhanna , Rosman Arieff Salleh , Yaakob Harisun
Published: April 2021

Muslims are required to select halal and good (thoyyiban) food, which comprises the safety aspect. Halal and safety-related issues of food are often being focussed by Muslim people in this country. One of the discussed issues is the safety level of saccharin consumption as an artificial sweetener. This study analysed saccharin from scientific perspectives and its relationships with human health. Then, this study connected the presence of saccharin in fruit-pickle samples with the concept of halalan thoyyiban. In the first phase, this study used qualitative methodologies which includes historical, content analysis, and observation method. As for the second phase, this study used a quantitative methodology based on experiments in the laboratory on six fruit-pickle samples. Findings show that saccharin is produced synthetically and does not contain calories and any nutrients. Saccharin is safe if taken according to the safe limit set by WHO that is 5mg/kg (of body weight) per day. Excessive consumption either contributes or stimulates cancer (tumour promoter). Meanwhile, the quantitative study found that five from six analysed samples of fruit pickles contain saccharin. The safety level measurement towards human between the weight of 20kg up to 50kg that consumes 100g of pickles per day is however still below the safe limit set by WHO. This study concludes that saccharin is halal but cannot be categorised under thoyyiban as it does not contain any nutrient and calory, can give negative effects to health if taken over the suggested amount.
An Exposition Into The Role Of Du’a (Supplication) In Da‘Wah Programmes (Proselytization)
Authors: SALAKO, Taofiki Ajani  , ADENIRAN, Kabir
Published: April 2021

Supplication was viewed as man’s response to the exigency of the condition, in which he was driven to seek security, status, prosperity, sustainability and permanence by identifying himself with a reality greater, more worthy and more durable than himself. Being aware of this fact, man always seeks assistance from his Lord over daily challenges and endeavours. A da‘i whose task is to call people to the Way of his Lord could not but seek the help of this Lord to grant him success and to remove any impediment that may hinder his ability to discharge his duty effectively. It is against this background that this paper aims to assess the role of supplication in da‘wah programmes. To achieve this, Qur’anic approach that x-rays the prayers of the Prophets of Islam to facilitate their da‘wah programmes was adopted. This approach has been recommended for present day duaat who intend to carry out da’wah programmes to enable them successful in their missionary activities.
Best Practice for the Care and Use of Animals in Experimentation: A Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Arif Fahmi Md Yusof
Published: April 2021

Passing federal laws and national guidelines is one of the best revenues to protect animals used in experimentation. The laws can establish standards of care for animals in scientific research such as housing standards and treatment for the animals. At international level, animal ethics and law for the care and use of animal in experimentation have been widely discussed for decades ago. There are several well-known international documents and guidelines that have been referred by many countries when constructing their own federal laws governing the subject matter. They are Terrestrial Code, European Directives, and International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals. In Malaysia, the Animal Welfare Act 2015 finally has been enforced on 18th July 2017 where the Act among others will regulate the use of animal for scientific purposes in the country. Besides, it will validate the practice of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) which was based on self-regulation before the enactment of the Act and the Act is significant of having legal enforcement in order to give better protection to the animals subjected to experimentation. Thus, the law has taken its role in enhancing the animal ethics for the care and use of animal in science in Malaysia. This paper aims to analyses the provisions of law in several international documents governing the subject matter that reflect the international practice. Then it will look into the practice of research institutions in Malaysia, applying the existing animal ethics and law in the subject matter. This paper adopts doctrinal approach considering primary and secondary sources of law. Relevant to this, Animal Welfare Act 2015 (AWA) and Malaysian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes (My Code) are analysed. Besides, it also employed empirical study by way of interviews and observation. This paper is significant to inform the practice of animal ethics at international level to be learned by Malaysia as the country is still at an early stage of having the new Act.
Analytical evaluation of local budget revenue structure under the conditions of financial decentralization
Authors: Tsymbaliuk I. , Smaliukh V. , Kolisnychenko O.
Published: April 2021

It is determined that local budgets are the main financial institution in the financial system of local governments, occupying the central place in the economic system of each state. The objective of the paper is to analyze the structure of local budget revenues and determine the areas for its optimization. The paper provides the analytical evaluation of the local budget revenues structure. The results of the analysis of the local budget revenues structure showed the strengthening of the tax revenues role in the consolidated budget revenues of Ukraine. The role of inter-budget transfers in the formation of local budget revenues is determined. Indicators of the volume and dynamics of tax revenues in the structure of the revenue side of local budgets are considered. The general structure of tax revenues is analyzed. The share of basic taxes in the total amount of local budget revenues is determined. The general structure of tax revenues is analyzed. The share of basic taxes in the total amount of local budget revenues is determined. Special attention is paid to the system of local taxes and fees and its transformation in the context of financial decentralization reform. Disclosure of the of local budget revenues structure and the role of taxes in their formational make it possible to establish that budget revenues are tax, non-tax and other revenues that are carried out on the non-refundable basis and the solution provided by the legislation of Ukraine. It is established that the share of own revenues of local budgets is gradually increasing, at the same time, there is a significant dependence of local budgets on inter-budget transfers, which contradicts the principles of financial decentralization and does not ensure the effective development of the regions. Analysis of the local budget revenues structure shows the strengthening of the tax revenues role, which is the consequence of the decentralization reform. It is defined that the significant changes took place in 2015, and as a result the share of local taxes and fees in local budget revenues reached 22.4%. The largest specific share in the structure of local taxes and fees are the revenues from land fees and the single tax. At the same time, the largest source of pumping up the budgets is personal income tax (PIT). On the basis of the above mentioned it is proved the reform of the system of taxation by local taxes and fees should be aimed at strengthening the revenue share of local budgets and increase their financial independence.
Analysis of approaches to enterprise competitive development strategy formation
Authors: Poliukhovych M.
Published: April 2021

The main approaches to general strategy formation and separate functional strategies formation are investigated; the main stages and components of various strategy types are analyzed in this paper. In addition to the analysis of existing approaches and algorithms for different strategy types formation the objective of this investigation is to systematize approaches to strategy formation and improve existing algorithms for strategy formation using methods of analysis, synthesis – for the processing of information concerning existing materials; abstraction, generalization, description – for the formation of conclusions and proposals for the investigating object improvement; the method of graphic representation – for the visualization of obtained results. The scientific surveys and reports of researchers from different countries of the world in the field of strategic management and strategic marketing are analyzed in this investigation. According to the results of the investigation, it is found that, firstly, the approaches to the strategy and its functional type’s formation, in general, do not have significant differences. Secondly, in most cases the main stages of various strategy type’s formation differ only in the degree of details used in general technology of strategy formation. This is worth noting because details make it possible to take into account the features that distinguish different types, such as functional strategies. Considering this the schematic classification of existing approaches to the enterprise competitive development strategy formation is proposed. The technology of enterprise competitive development strategy formation is also developed and presented in the form of the scheme. Taking into account the relevance of this issue for business owners, CEO, directors and managers in their efforts to make perfect decisions and develop effective strategies for solving different types of tasks, the proposed detailing of the components of the proposed technology is intended to increase the efficiency of this strategy type. In addition, individual steps, such as evaluating the effectiveness of competitive development strategy can be valuable in terms of their further investigation.
Investigation of the sustainable inclusive economic growth of states in the context of ensuring gender balances
Authors: Markovych I. , Bryndzya Z. , Bazhanova N.
Published: April 2021

The essence of the category «sustainable development», defined as the one that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is investigated in this paper. An important characteristic of sustainable development is the harmonious combination of economic growth with maximum integration in the social sphere, which does not contradict, but on the contrary, enhances the quality and importance in the allocation of resources for environmental protection measures. It is evident that both public and business sector must be involved in the complex processes of change, but guidelines must first be set by national governments. The preconditions for the need to restructure the world economic space in the direction of increasing the importance of the inclusiveness principles are also analyzed. Poverty and stratification of incomes in the country constrain the growth and implementation of the state economic potential, because employment and consumption are not complete. Since one of the indicators of the changes effectiveness in approaches to economic development is the poverty dynamics, we analyzed the retrospective and projected values of the employed population of the world living less than 1.9 US dollars per day, which shows that without drastic changes, this share will deviate towards the negative direction compared with the level reached during the previous 5 years. It is described that inclusiveness involves the inclusion in the processes of economic growth of all territories, sectors of the economy and economic agents. It is shown that the concept of inclusiveness and the use of all opportunities to mitigate the negative effects of restrictive quarantine measures comes to the fore, including those in the context of ensuring gender balance. Comparison of gender pay gaps in Ukraine and some other countries, the level of economic activity of women, who demonstrate the influence of cultural, historical and other features on this sign of equality is carried out. It is concluded that an important role in overcoming poverty and leveling the negative scenarios that are unfolding today in the world economy is the involvement into economic activity not only the population in all territories, but also the reduction of economic manifestations of gender gaps.
A THEORY-BASED INSTRUMENT TO EVALUATE MOTIVATIONAL TRIGGERS PERCEIVED BY STUDENTS IN STEM CAREER-RELATED SCENARIOS
Authors: Kotkas Tormi , Holbrook Jack , Rannikmäe Miia
Published: April 2021

Students’ lack of motivation in learning school science has been recognized as a problem, due to its negative impact on students´ STEM-related career choices. For supporting students´ motivation to study science, the use of an introduction which sets the scene, sometimes called a scenario, has been recommended. Although scenarios, which introduce STEM-related careers in an everyday life problem solving context, are seen as useful tools for the teachers, they are not automatically guaranteed to be motivating to students. The current research aims to develop an empirically tested and validated instrument to measure the impact of context-based scenarios, through evaluating perceived motivational triggers such as relevance, interest and enjoyment by 7th grade students. An analysis of students´ responses showed that the test scenario was able to trigger mostly situational interest toward the topic of energetics. Only a small number of students indicated motivation to take the learning of this topic further.
Keywords: STEM-related careers, STEM career-related scenarios, science teaching materials, motivational triggers, instrument evaluation.
THE EFFECT OF THE MODIFIED KNOW-WANT-LEARN STRATEGY ON SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN PHYSICS
Authors: Zouhor Zekri A. M. , Bogdanović Ivana Z. , Skuban Sonja J. , Pavkov-Hrvojević Milica V.
Published: April 2021

Physics is generally regarded as difficult and uninteresting. The teaching of physics with the use of an appropriate teaching strategy can improve students' achievement. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of the modified Know-Want-Learn (mKWL) strategy on primary school students’ achievement in physics. The Know-Want-Learn (KWL) strategy was modified to be used for students’ inquiry. Quasi experimental research was carried out with 110 sixth-grade students divided into an experimental and a control group. The students in the control group were taught using direct teaching and the students in the experimental group were taught using TQHL charts. These charts consist of columns: T-What I Think and what I know, Q-What Questions I have, H-How can I find out, L-What I Learned. Pre-test and post-test were administered to both groups; two physics knowledge tests were constructed for that purpose. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired samples t-tests and independent samples t-tests. The implication of the research results is that using the mKWL strategy in a sixth-grade physics class has a positive effect on students’ achievement. It can be suggested to implement the described strategy in teaching physics in order to improve students’ achievement in this subject.
Keywords: KWL strategy, learning strategy, modified KWL strategy, students’ performance.