bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of powder-activated carbon pre-coating membrane on the performance of the UF system for wastewater reclamation: a pilot-scale study
Authors: Yu Tong , Yin Haoshuai , Cheng Lihua , Bi Xuejun
Published: October 2021

Pretreatment is an indispensable means to alleviate membrane fouling and improve ultrafiltration (UF) performance. In this study, we designed and established a powder-activated carbon pre-coating membrane (PACPM) unit as a pretreatment for the UF system. The effective filtration area of PACPM was 0.5 m2. 300 g/m2 PAC was selected as the optimal dosage in the pilot-scale apparatus according to the laboratory-scale trial. The pre-coating membrane could be formed within 30 min. PACPM could remove different kinds of organic compounds with different molecular weights and hydrophobicity during a certain period of time. During 10 operation cycles, the specific flux decrease rate of PACPM-UF was only 2.8%, which was much lower than that of direct UF (13.4%). PACPM could improve the performance of the UF system, not only for the increase of the initial SF value but also for the increase of the flux recovery thorough backwash. Nevertheless, a regular replace-regeneration process is necessary to maintain PACPM performance.
Submerged membrane filtration process coupled with powdered activated carbon for nonylphenol ethoxylates removal
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc-Dan , Le Thi-Minh-Tam , Vo Thi-Kim-Quyen , Nguyen Phuong-Thao , Vo Thi-Dieu-Hien , Dang Bao-Trong , Son Nguyen-Thanh , Nguyen Dinh Duc , Bui Xuan-Thanh
Published: October 2021

A combination of a submerged membrane filtration system and powdered activated carbon (PAC) was investigated for nonylphenol ethoxylates removal. Both filtration flux and initial powdered activated carbon dosage had significant effects on the micropollutants removal efficiency. The best performance was achieved under the filtration flux of 20 L/m2.h and the initial powdered activated carbon of 50 mg/L. The removal efficiencies of nonylphenol ethoxylates was obtained at 75±5% in the first 60 hours, and then decreased at 55±7% and 23±11% in the following hours, respectively. As observed, over 65% of dissolved organic carbon mass adsorbed into powdered activated carbon that was suspended in the bulk phase, and the remainder was adsorbed into powdered activated carbon that deposited on the membrane surface. It reveals that the combination between submerged membrane filtration and PAC could be an effective solution for enhancing removal of micropollutants from water.
Lobaplatin Induces Pyroptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells via the Caspase-3/GSDME
Pathway
Authors: Ye Chunping , Chen Jie , Ge Lili , Shi Xiaoyan , Liu Juan , Ruan Hongjie , Heng Dou
Published: October 2021

Background:

Increasing evidence shows that GSDME is involved in tumor chemotherapy. Lobaplatin is an
important chemotherapy drug for the treatment of cervical cancer. However, the exact mechanism of lobaplatin in the
treatment of cervical cancer remains unclear.

Objective:

In this study, whether GSDME is a new mechanism of lobaplatin in the treatment of cervical cancer has
been explored.

Methods:

Cell pyroptosis was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry analyses. Western blot analysis
was used to check proteins expression.

Results:

The cell viability was significantly decreased by lobaplatin treatment. Compared with the control group, the
percentage of pyroptosis (PI and Annexin-V double-positive cells) increased after lobaplatin treatment. In addition,
lobaplatin induced caspase-3 activation and GSDME cleavage. z-DEVD, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, reduced
lobaplatin-mediated GSDME cleavage and concurrently inhibited pyroptosis. More importantly, GSDME deficiency
obviously reduced lobaplatin-induced pyroptosis.

Conclusion:

These data demonstrate that caspase-3/GSDME axis contributed to the lobaplatin-mediated pyroptosis in
cervical cancer cells. This finding indicates that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis is a new mechanism for lobaplatin to kill
tumor cells and suggests that the caspase-3/GSDME pathway offers new insights into cancer chemotherapy.
Using an Embodiment Technique in Psychological Experiments with Virtual Reality: A Scoping Review of the Embodiment Configurations and their Scientific Purpose
Authors: Furlan Mattia , Spagnolli Anna
Published: October 2021

Background:

In recent years, psychological studies with virtual reality have increasingly involved some eEmbodiment tTechnique (ET) in which the users’ bodily movements are mapped on the movements of a digital body. However, this domain is very fragmented across disciplines and plagued by terminological ambiguity.

Objective:

This paper provides a scoping review of the psychological studies deploying some ET in VR.

Methods:

A total of 742 papers were retrieved from Scopus and the ACM Digital library using “embodiment” and “virtual reality” as keywords; after screening them, 79 were eventually retained. From each study, the following information was extracted: (a) the content of the virtual scenario, (b) the extent of the embodiment, and (c) the scientific purpose and measure of the psychological experience of embodiment. This information is summarized and discussed, as well as reported in tabular format for each study.

Results:

We first distinguished ET from other types of digital embodiment. Then we summarized the ET solutions in terms of the completeness of the digital body assigned to the user and of whether the digital body's appearance resembled the users' real one. Finally, we report the purpose and the means of measuring the users’sense of embodiment.

Conclusion:

This review maps the variety of embodiment configurations and the scientific purpose they serve. It offers a background against which other studies planning to use this technique can position their own solution and highlight some underrepresented lines of research that are worth exploring.
Regulations and Reimbursement of Digital Therapeutics: A Review of Current Global Practices and Future Prospects
Authors: Dang Amit , Dang Dimple , Rane Pawan
Published: October 2021

:

The ever-increasing use of digital technologies is rapidly changing the face of modern healthcare delivery. Healthcare systems are embracing digital health solutions to improve patient outcomes, enhance healthcare delivery, and reduce costs. Digital therapeutics (DTx) are now a popular category of digital health solutions aimed at preventing, managing, or treating medical disorders. These evidence-based technologies/products either complement a conventional therapy or are prescribed as stand-alone treatments for a range of conditions, including chronic diseases and mental health disorders. Many pharmaceutical companies and healthcare start-ups are developing DTx products for different health conditions. Despite similarities between DTx and conventional medicines, DTx products are not covered under reimbursement at present in many countries. There are no uniform regulations for DTx prescription and reimbursement. This review aims to analyse the current DTx scenario, particularly highlighting the regulatory aspect and reimbursement of DTx products globally.
Advanced Coatings for the Corrosion Protection of Metals
Authors: Burduhos-Nergis Diana Petronela
Published: October 2021

The corrosion protection of metallic materials is of great importance in many fields, especially also when it comes to environmental issues. The book focuses on organic and inorganic coatings, metallic coatings and new methods for the deposition of protective thin layers. Coating techniques and methods for testing and assessing corrosion behavior are presented.
Developing HOT-LAB-Based Physics Practicum E-Module to improve Practicing critical thinking skills
Authors: Purnama Riki Putra , Denya Rena Agustina , Pitriana Pina , Andhika Shidiq , Setia Moh Diki Dermawan , Nurfadillah Elsya
Published: October 2021

Practicum activity is a scientific process to find out a phenomenon or validate a concept. HOT-LAB in laboratory activities is useful in improving 4C skills, including Critical Thinking Skills. The number of Modules or E-Modules that use a cookbook of guided laboratory inquiries was less to increase the 4C Skills in supporting the 21st Century skills. This study aimed to design, create and find out the effect of using HOT-LAB-based E-Modules to improve the students’ Critical Thinking Skills. The research method was the ADDIE RnD. Invalidation stage, E-Module that was validated by material and media validators, stated effective, so it was feasible to continue to data collection of students. Data of Critical Thinking Skills used 30 students as subjects whose raw data was analyzed using statistical tests. E-Module obtained a validity score of 83.33% on the material validation and 84.6% on the media validation. Moreover, the statistical test showed that there is a significant change in implementing E-Module, which means that the HOT-LAB-based E-Module improved the students' Critical Thinking Skills.
The Design of Local Wisdom-Based Science Learning on Pressure Materials in Junior High School
Authors: Putra Aulia Eka , Jufrida Jufrida , Pathoni Haerul , Basuki Fibrika Rahmat
Published: October 2021

The lesson plan is an important aspect that determines the success of learning in the classroom. Teachers must design learning that can relate the material being studied to the daily lives of students, for example, is through integrated local wisdom into science learning. The study aimed to develop a science learning set of local wisdom based on pressure materials in Junior High Schools. The research was research and development and used a 4D development model (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). The subjects were material experts, media experts, and science teachers of junior high school. The instrument was a validation sheet of the learning set. Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This research produces a science learning set of local wisdom-based on pressure materials in junior high schools, consisting of syllabus, lesson plans, assessments, student worksheets, teaching materials, remedial and enrichment programs. The results of expert validation obtained a score of 89.60 with an excellent category. The results of the science teacher assessment were 92.38 with excellent category. In sum, the science learning set of local wisdom based on pressure material in junior high schools was valid and feasible to improve the understanding of science concepts.
Science Process Skills and Its Implementation in the Process of Science Learning Evaluation in Schools
Authors: Kurniawati Atik
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to find out the science process skills and its implementation in the process of science learning evaluation in the schools. The studied aspects in the study consisted of the nature of science process skills, types of science process skills, assessment techniques for science process skills, and the assessment implementation of science process skills in learning in the schools. The research used a literature study containing relevant theories and further elaborated and its implementation in science learning in the schools. The study emphasized that science process skills were closely related to science learning and prioritize the overall assessment following the nature of science, such as product, process, and attitude dimensions. Those were covered in basic and integrated process skills. The most possible evaluation technique in measuring the science process skills was by observation or performance and written questions following the indicators of science process skills.
Estrategias de marketing digital para posicionar los productos artesanales indígenas de Tuchín, Córdoba – Colombia
Authors: Acurero Luzardo Marilú Tibisay , Gómez Díaz Carlos Elías , Pérez Prieto María Elena
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de la investigación es formular estrategias de marketing digital para posicionar los productos fabricados por los indígenas Zenú del municipio de Tuchín – Córdoba, con la finalidad de dar a conocer las artesanías e incrementar las ventas. Las teorías consultadas corresponden a Munuera & Rodríguez (2007), Kotler & Armstrong, (2003), el Plan de desarrollo del municipio Tuchín (2016-2019). La investigación es tipo propuesta, con un diseño de campo, no experimental y de carácter trasversal.
Study of the Development of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis upon Oxidative Stress using Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors:   International Institute for Anticancer Research, 1st km Kapandritiou-Kalamou Road, Kapandriti, Attiki, 1901, Greece, Anastassopoulou Jane ,   National Technical University of Athens, Chemical Engineering School, Radiation Chemistry & Biospectroscopy, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece, Mamarelis Ioannis ,   401 General Military Hospital, Cardiovascular Department, Athens, Greece, Theophanides Theophile ,   National Technical University of Athens, Chemical Engineering School, Radiation Chemistry & Biospectroscopy, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
Published: October 2021

In the present study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the formation and development of carotid artery atherosclerosis. The FTIR spectra showed that with the progression of atheromatic plaque formation, the collagen changed its native structure from ɑ-helix to random coil, amyloid, and cross-links. The infrared spectra and SEM analysis of carotid arteries showed that higher than 65% of the atheromatic plaque in patients with stenosis consisted of calcium carbonate, which lies inside foam cells. However, as the stenosis progresses, these deposits of calcium phosphate become more prevalent. A thorough analysis of the SEM images highlighted that mineral deposits preferred the carboxyl groups of amino acids. The intensity and shape changes in FT-IR spectra in the region of 1200-900 cm-1 were related to elevated serum glucose and uric acid levels, the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the involvement of free radicals during atherosclerosis.
Experience with Alpha-1 Proteinase Replacement Post-Lung Transplantation in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Single Center Case Series
Authors:   University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, US, Afshar Kamyar , Bremer Michelle ,   University of California, San Diego Health System, US, Ravichandran Bharath ,   University of Maryland Medical Center, US, Feist Ashley A. ,   University of California, San Diego Health System, US, Golts Eugene ,   University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, US, Schonhoft Elizabeth H. ,   University of California, San Diego Health System, US, Yung Gordon ,   University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, US
Published: October 2021

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) accounts for approximately 5% of lung transplants (LTx) performed annually. No studies have addressed the potential benefit of ongoing alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1-PI) replacement to AATD patients post-LTx. Our primary objective was to assess potential benefits of continually administering A1-PI from pre- to post-transplantation for AATD LTx recipients. A retrospective case series was performed on AATD LTx recipients between 2002 and 2018. Data reviewed included date of A1-PI initiation, pulmonary function tests, and surveillance bronchoscopies. Endpoints included the change of forced expiratory volume in one-second (FEV1), infective episodes, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and acute rejection episodes. Out of the 13 AATD LTx recipients, 6 continually received A1-PI beginning prior to transplant (Group 1), and 7 were re-introduced to Α1-PI a number of years after LTx (Group 2). After two years, Group 1 experienced a median FEV1% predicted decline of 0.0%, and Group 2 experienced a median decline of 15.0%. No differences noted in frequency of infective episodes. One patient in Group 1 developed CLAD about 2.5 years post-LTx, whereas all Group 2 patients developed CLAD at a mean of 5.4 years post-LTx. No Group 1 patients experienced acute lung rejection episodes noted from surveillance bronchoscopies, corresponding data not available for Group 2. We report that the continual use of Α1-PI in AATD LTx recipients is associated with better maintenance and stabilization of lung function and potentially less acute lung rejection episodes early post-LTx. Prospective studies should be performed to confirm possible benefits.
A Mobile App for Wound and Symptom Surveillance After Colorectal Surgery: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Valk Heather Anne , Garcia-Ochoa Carlos , Fontaine Calder Jessica , Miller Toba , Rashidi Babak , McIsaac Corrine , Musselman Reilly
Published: October 2021

Background

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common nosocomial infection and occur in 16.3% of patients undergoing colorectal surgery at our institution (The Ottawa Hospital), the majority of which are identified after discharge from hospital. Patients who suspect having an SSI generally present to the emergency department or surgery clinic. Both options for in-person interaction are costly to the health care system and patients. A mobile app, how2trak, has proven to be beneficial for patients with complex wounds at our institution by facilitating at-home monitoring and virtual consultations.

Objective

This study aims to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to assess if how2trak can improve patients’ experience and increase detection of SSIs after colorectal surgery while reducing patients’ risk of COVID-19 exposure.

Methods

In this single-center prospective feasibility trial, eligible patients undergoing colorectal surgery will be randomized to either standard care or how2trak postoperative monitoring of their incision, symptoms, and ostomy function. Patient self-assessments will be monitored by a nurse specialized in wound and ostomy care who will follow-up with patients with a suspected SSI. The primary outcome is feasibility as measured by enrollment, randomization, app usability, data extraction, and resource capacity.

Results

This study was approved by our institution’s ethics board on February 26, 2021, and received support from The Ottawa Hospital Innovation and Care Funding on November 12, 2021. Recruitment started June 3, 2021, and 29 were patients enrolled as of September 2021. We expect to publish results in spring 2022.

Conclusions

This study will determine the feasibility of using a mobile app to monitor patients’ wounds and detect SSIs after colorectal surgery. If feasible, we plan to assess if this mobile app facilitates SSI detection, enhances patient experience, and optimizes their care.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04869774; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04869774

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/26717
How Identification With the Social Environment and With the Government Guide the Use of the Official COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Three Quantitative Survey Studies
Authors: Scholl Annika , Sassenberg Kai
Published: October 2021

Background

Official contact tracing apps have been implemented and recommended for use across nations to track and contain the spread of COVID-19. Such apps can be effective if people are willing to use them. Accordingly, many attempts are being made to motivate citizens to make use of the officially recommended apps.

Objective

The aim of this research was to contribute to an understanding of the preconditions under which people are willing to use a COVID-19 contact tracing app (ie, their use intentions and use). To go beyond personal motives in favor of app use, it is important to take people’s social relationships into account, under the hypothesis that the more people identify with the beneficiaries of app use (ie, people living close by in their social environment) and with the source recommending the app (ie, members of the government), the more likely they will be to accept the officially recommended contact tracing app.

Methods

Before, right after, and 5 months after the official contact tracing app was launched in Germany, a total of 1044 people participated in three separate surveys. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses, examining the same model in all studies at these critical points in time.

Results

Across the three surveys, both identification with the beneficiaries (people living in their social environment) and with the source recommending the app (members of the government) predicted greater intention to use and use (installation) of the official contact tracing app. Trust in the source (members of the government) served as a mediator. Other types of identification (with people in Germany or people around the world) did not explain the observed results. The findings were highly consistent across the three surveys.

Conclusions

Attempts to motivate people to use new health technology (or potentially new measures more generally) not only for their personal benefit but also for collective benefits should take the social context into account (ie, the social groups people belong to and identify with). The more important the beneficiaries and the sources of such measures are to people’s sense of the self, the more willing they will likely be to adhere to and support such measures.
Factors Driving the Popularity and Virality of COVID-19 Vaccine Discourse on Twitter: Text Mining and Data Visualization Study
Authors: Zhang Jueman , Wang Yi , Shi Molu , Wang Xiuli
Published: October 2021

Background

COVID-19 vaccination is considered a critical prevention measure to help end the pandemic. Social media platforms such as Twitter have played an important role in the public discussion about COVID-19 vaccines.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate message-level drivers of the popularity and virality of tweets about COVID-19 vaccines using machine-based text-mining techniques. We further aimed to examine the topic communities of the most liked and most retweeted tweets using network analysis and visualization.

Methods

We collected US-based English-language public tweets about COVID-19 vaccines from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021 (N=501,531). Topic modeling and sentiment analysis were used to identify latent topics and valence, which together with autoextracted information about media presence, linguistic features, and account verification were used in regression models to predict likes and retweets. Among the 2500 most liked tweets and 2500 most retweeted tweets, network analysis and visualization were used to detect topic communities and present the relationship between the topics and the tweets.

Results

Topic modeling yielded 12 topics. The regression analyses showed that 8 topics positively predicted likes and 7 topics positively predicted retweets, among which the topic of vaccine development and people’s views and that of vaccine efficacy and rollout had relatively larger effects. Network analysis and visualization revealed that the 2500 most liked and most retweeted retweets clustered around the topics of vaccine access, vaccine efficacy and rollout, vaccine development and people’s views, and vaccination status. The overall valence of the tweets was positive. Positive valence increased likes, but valence did not affect retweets. Media (photo, video, gif) presence and account verification increased likes and retweets. Linguistic features had mixed effects on likes and retweets.

Conclusions

This study suggests the public interest in and demand for information about vaccine development and people’s views, and about vaccine efficacy and rollout. These topics, along with the use of media and verified accounts, have enhanced the popularity and virality of tweets. These topics could be addressed in vaccine campaigns to help the diffusion of content on Twitter.
Assessing the Real-time Influence of Racism-Related Stress and Suicidality Among Black Men: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (Preprint)
Authors: Adams Leslie , Igbinedion Godwin , DeVinney Aubrey , Azasu Enoch , Nestadt Paul , Thrul Johannes , Joe Sean
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among Black adults aged 18-35 years. Although men represent a majority of suicide deaths among Black adults, less is known regarding the extent to which unique cultural stressors, such as racism-related stress (eg, racial discrimination), are salient in exacerbating suicide risk among Black men. Moreover, few studies examine the daily influence of racism-related stressors on suicide outcomes using real-time smartphone-based approaches. Smartphone-based mobile health approaches using ecological momentary assessments (EMA) provide an opportunity to assess and characterize racism-related stressors as a culturally sensitive suicide risk factor among Black young adult men.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to describe a protocol development process that aims to capture real-time racism-related stressors and suicide outcomes using a smartphone-based EMA platform (MetricWire).

METHODS

Guided by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS), we developed a brief EMA protocol using a multiphased approach. First, we conducted a literature review to identify brief measures previously used in EMA studies, with special emphasis on studies including Black participants. The identified measures were then shortened to items with the highest construct validity (eg, factor loadings) and revised to reflect momentary or daily frequency. Feasibility and acceptability of the study protocol will be assessed using self-report survey and qualitative responses. To protect participants from harm, a three-tier safety protocol was developed to identify participants with moderate, elevated, and acute risk based on EMA survey response to trigger outreach by the study coordinator.

RESULTS

The final EMA protocol, which will be completed over a 7-day period, is comprised of 15 questions administered 4 times per day and a daily questionnaire of 22 items related to sleep-related impairment and disruption, as well as racism-related stress. Study recruitment is currently underway. We anticipate the study will be completed in February 2023. Dissemination will be conducted through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

CONCLUSIONS

This protocol will address gaps in our understanding of Black men’s suicide outcomes in the social contexts that they regularly navigate and will clarify the temporal role of racism-related stressors that influence suicidal outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/31241
Correlates of Engagement Within an Online HIV Prevention Intervention for Single Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Choi Seul Ki , Golinkoff Jesse , Michna Mark , Connochie Daniel , Bauermeister José
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital HIV interventions (DHI) have been efficacious in reducing sexual risk behaviors among sexual minority populations, yet challenges in promoting and sustaining users’ engagement in DHI persist. Understanding the correlates of DHI engagement and their impact on HIV-related outcomes remains a priority. This study used data from a DHI (myDEx) designed to promote HIV prevention behaviors among single young men who have sex with men (YMSM; ages 18-24 years) seeking partners online.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to conduct a secondary analysis of the myDex project data to examine whether YMSM’s online behaviors (eg, online partner-seeking behaviors and motivations) are linked to participants’ engagement (ie, the number of log-ins and the number of sessions viewed).

METHODS

We recruited 180 YMSM who were randomized into either myDEx arm or attention-control arm using a stratified 2:1 block randomization. In the myDEx arm, we had 120 YMSM who had access to the 6-session intervention content over a 3-month period. We used Poisson regressions to assess the association between YMSM’s baseline characteristics on their DHI engagement. We then examined the association between the participants’ engagement and their self-reported changes in HIV-related outcomes at the 3-month follow-up.

RESULTS

The mean number of log-ins was 5.44 (range 2-14), and the number of sessions viewed was 6.93 (range 0-22) across the 3-month trial period. In multivariable models, the number of log-ins was positively associated with high education attainment (estimated Poisson regression coefficient [β]=.22; P=.045). The number of sessions viewed was associated with several baseline characteristics, including the greater number of sessions viewed among non-Hispanic YMSM (β=.27; P=.002), higher education attainment (β=.22; P=.003), higher perceived usefulness of online dating for hookups (β=.13; P=.002) and perceived loneliness (β=.06; P=.004), as well as lower experienced online discrimination (β=–.01; P=.007) and limerence (β=–.02; P=.004). The number of sessions viewed was negatively associated with changes in internalized homophobia (β=–.06; P<.001) and with changes in perceived usefulness of online dating for hookups (β=–.20; P<.001). There were no significant associations between the number of log-ins and changes in the participants’ behaviors at the 90-day follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

DHI engagement is linked to participants’ sociodemographic and online behaviors. Given the importance of intervention engagement in the intervention’s effectiveness, DHIs with personalized intervention components that consider the individuals’ differences could increase the overall engagement and efficacy of DHIs.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02842060; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02842060.
Multimedia Knowledge Translation Tools for Parents About Childhood Heart Failure: Environmental Scan (Preprint)
Authors: Cunningham Chentel , Sung Hyelin , Benoit James , Conway Jennifer , Scott Shannon D
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Childhood heart failure is a factor in many hospital admissions each year. It can impose a steep learning curve for parents who need to learn the key information to care for their child at home. In this study, we conducted an environmental scan to identify and assess web-based knowledge translation tools about childhood heart failure for parent audiences developed within North America.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to inventory tools publicly available to parents about childhood heart failure from popular web-based venues, assess how each tool communicates health information, and explore how they were developed.

METHODS

Our search strategy included two commonly used multimedia-based platforms: two app stores (Google Play and Apple App Store) and one search engine (Advanced Google Search). Common search terms were used, and results were uploaded to Microsoft Excel for screening between 2 reviewers. The inclusion criteria for the tools were as follows: content focused on educating parents about their child’s heart failure, developed in the English language, and originating within Canada and the United States. A total of 2 reviewers screened the app store and internet search results for relevant tools. Each tool was assessed using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), a validated tool that objectively assesses the suitability of how health information is communicated to a particular audience. Key informants who were involved in tool development were identified and invited for a qualitative interview using a semistructured format to provide data about the development process. Key themes were identified in the semistructured interview process.

RESULTS

Frequencies and SAM percent ratings of eligible tools were reported. No apps exist for parents relating to pediatric heart failure. Overall, 17 relevant internet tools were identified, and their suitability was assessed for the parent audience. Most tools scored well in layout and type, but they scored lower in readability and graphics. Qualitative interviews with key informants revealed three key themes: timely and introductory knowledge, credible and trustworthy knowledge, and challenges and evolution in knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first environmental scan looking for parent tools relating to childhood heart failure in Canada and the United States. Findings from this study reveal that there are no apps on this topic and there is a small number of tools for parents on the internet (n=17). Using the SAM, no tools scored in the superior range, and further work in knowledge translation strategies needs to be done in this area to improve more effective education to parents and caregivers who have a child with heart failure. These findings will inform the development of a new resource on children’s heart failure that targets parents and caregiver audiences.

CLINICALTRIAL
Usage of 0.4% sodium hyaluronate in complex treatment of pediatric patients with dry eye syndrome against the background of allergic diseases of the organ of vision
Authors: Vasilyeva L.S. , Nesterenko O.V. , Rylkova K.A.
Published: October 2021

Background. In recent years, the prevalence of allergic diseases of the anterior chamber of the eye has increased. They are often accompanied by the development of dry eye syndrome, which can complicate their course. Therefore, it is important to take a comprehensive approach to their diagnosis and treatment. The purpose was to study the effectiveness of 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (Gilays) in children with dry eye syndrome on the background of allergic diseases of the conjunctiva. Materials and methods. The study involved 42 patients (84 eyes) aged 3 to 18 years, who were examined and treated on the basis of Regional Eye Clinic. Patients were treated with local H-1 histamine blockers twice a day for 14 days, f necessary — with topical glucocorticoids by the scheme for 12 days. In the first group (21 patients, 42 eyes), the main treatment was added with the drugs containing 0.2% sodium hyaluronate, used topically 4 times a day for 14 days. In the second group (21 patients/42 eyes), 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (Gilays) was added to the treatment regimen. H-1 histamine blockers were not used systemically. Before starting therapy and 2 weeks later, the following values were evaluated: the changes in the anterior chamber of the eye using biomicroscopy, determination of lacrimal film rupture time, Schirmer 1 test, questionnaire. Conclusions. The use of sodium hyaluronate in the complex therapy of dry eye syndrome in allergic eye diseases is quite effective. The use of 0.4% sodium hyaluronate was more effective compared to the control group. It is advisable to use a questionnaire to communicate with the child, but it is necessary to refine the form of questions to eliminate as much as possible the subjectivity of the data.
Modern vitreoretinal interventions in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy: delicacy or maximalism?
Authors: Panchenko Yu.O. , Mogilevskyy S.Yu. , Lavryk N.S. , Rykov S.O. , Shargorodska I.V.
Published: October 2021

Background. Diabetic retinopathy, one of the major complications of diabetes, is one of the leading causes of low vision and blindness. One of the main causes of decreased central vision in patients with diabetic retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus is diabetic maculopathy (DMP). DMP with possible development of diabetic maculopathy edema can be detected even in patients with initial changes in the fundus. The purpose was to investigate the safety profile and effectiveness of various modern vitreoretinal interventions in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy. Materials and methods. We observed 313 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (313 eyes) with DMP and initial (group I; n = 40), moderate-to-severe non-proliferative (group II; n = 92) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (group III; n = 181). All patients underwent conventional ophthalmological examinations. Three hundred and thirteen patients (313 eyes) who underwent surgical treatment were divided into 4 observation groups: group 1 — 78 people (78 eyes) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy 25G (PPV); group 2 — 85 individuals (85 eyes) who underwent PPV and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling; group 3 — 81 patients (81 eyes) who underwent PPV, ILM peeling and panretinal photocoagulation (PPC); group 4 — 69 people (69 eyes) who underwent PPV, ILM peeling, PPC and phacoemulsification. The nature and frequency of surgical, postoperative complications and the effectiveness of different vitreoretinal interventions were studied. Terms of observation were 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results. The effectiveness of different vitreoretinal interventions was studied 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. High efficiency of intervention for all types of vitrectomy is established. Modern vitreoretinal interventions in the treatment of DMP and diabetic maculopathy edema is effective after 1 month in 60.7, 82.4, 85.2 and 68.12 % of cases, and after one year — in 76.0, 75.0, 73.1 and 73.5 %, respectively. The recurrence rate of DMP one year after vitreoretinal interventions was 24.0–27.0 % and did not depend on their modification. The effectiveness of DMP treatment depended on the stage of diabetic retinopathy and was 72.5 % in the initial non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 77.2 % with moderate-to-severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 66.3 % with proliferative diabetic retino-pathy. Recurrences of DMP were divided into three types: early transient, early persistent and late. The most frequent were early persistent relapses, which ranged from 16.1 to 25.6 % taking into account different methods of treatment. Conclusions. All stages of surgery must be strictly justified. The risks of each stage of the intervention should always be considered to obtain optimal functional results, especially in the long-term follow-up.
Study on Prescription Audit from a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Payal Nikhil , Devi Leimapokpam Sumitra , Gautam Divya , Khandait Manisha , Hazarika Kapil , Sardar Moumita
Published: October 2021

Evidence concerning prescription audits conducted in developing countries like India is scarce, especially from the rural parts of the country. Therefore, the present prescription audit was undertaken in a rural tertiary care hospital to investigate prescriptions for their completeness, in format of prescription, legibility of writing and it was assessed against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of core indicators for prescription writing in order to investigate the rational usage of drugs. A total of 200 prescriptions were randomly selected, irrespective of clinical departments, patient characteristics and diagnosis over a period of six months. All the prescriptions were prospectively analyzed and conferred to an assessment of the quality of prescribing practice, general details, medical components, WHO core drug use indicators and legibility. Amongst the 200 prescriptions precisely monitored, we found that 100% prescriptions had general details of the patients such as name, age, gender, OPD/IPD registration number, hospital name & address and consulting unit/department. While evaluating the handwriting of the doctors, 83.5% (177/200) of the prescriptions had legible handwriting, wherein the degree of legibility showed 68.5% (137/200) prescriptions with easy legibility, 20% (40/200) difficult legibility while 11.5% (23/200) were illegible. Along with the different types of drugs obtained from the selected prescriptions, we found that antibiotics were prescribed in 51.5% (103/200) of the prescriptions. A prescription audit is a good tool to systemically review the day to day work, maintenance of records and assessment of accuracy of the diagnosis given by doctors and also the outcome of the treatment received.
Analysis of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Used in Clinical Studies Based on Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Lee Chan , Cho Im-hak , Heo Gi-yoon , Kang Hee-kyung , Kim Min-hwa , Han Chang-woo , Kim So-yeon , Choi Jun-yong , Park Seong-ha , Yun Young-ju , Hong Jin-woo , Kwon Jung-nam , Park Eun-young , Lee In
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the status of numeric rating scale (NRS) usage and suggest the potential for use in multicenter retrospective studies of various diseases.Methods: Articles published from 2011 to 2021 that used the keywords “NRS", “Multi-center", and “RCT" were identified in foreign databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL. The articles were analyzed according to their use of "NRS" by symptoms and by disease group using the major classifications of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD-7).Results: Classification by symptom in a total of 288 articles illustrates that the NRS was not only commonly used in pain evaluation but also for non-pain symptoms. In usage with non-pain symptoms, chief complaint of patients was the most common at 79%, and other factors included treatment satisfaction, evaluation of daily life, and sleep quality. In disease classification according to the KCD-7, the NRS was commonly used in connection with musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases but was also utilized in various other disease groups.Conclusions: This study confirms usage of the NRS in multi-center RCTs, as the NRS was widely used in all types of diseases and symptoms. Considering the result and the advantages of the NRS, it is recommended for use as a daily evaluation tool for the collection of common data in multicenter retrospective studies.
Comparative Toxicity of Nitenpyrem and Neem Oil Against Amrasca biguttula biguttula in Okra
Authors:   Department of Entomology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Sajid Zulnorain , Ul Haq Muhammad Anwar ,   Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Farooq Qasim ,   Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Sultan Yaqoob ,   Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Sher Usama ,   Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Tayeb Muhammad ,   Department of Plant Protection, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, Ramzan Muhammad ,   State key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Published: October 2021

The Jassid, Amarasca bigutulla bigutullaa is an important sucking pest of the okra crop. An experimental study was conducted during 2018 to check the comparative toxicity of nitenpyrem and neem oil against jassid under okra field conditions. The study revealed that 24 hours after treatment, nitenpyrem was found more toxic and effective with maximum reduction of jassid population (72.15%). Whereas, 120 hours after treatment with 4% neem oil, 15.05% jassid reduction was observed. The mortality rate of the jassid was increased with increasing in time after application of chemical insecticides. The study concluded that insecticide was most toxic and gives higher mortality of jassid as compared to neem oil. Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus, Malvaceae, Amarasca bigutulla bigutullaa, botanicals, insecticides, Pakistan
Predicting Mango Sudden Decline Due to Ceratocystis fimbriata Under a Changing Climate
Authors:   Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Marine Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, Al-Ruheili Amna M. , Boluwade Alaba ,   Department of Soil, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture and Marine Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, &Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University,Waterloo, Canada, Al-Subhi Ali M. ,   Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Marine Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, &Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, Muscat 112, Oman.
Published: October 2021

Mango fruit trees are an important fruit crop due to their high value. Mango sudden decline (MSD) is a major disease that threatens mango trees in Oman and worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify those areas in northern Oman in which Ceratocystis fimbriata (a plant fungal pathogen causing MSD) may establish itself under various climate change scenarios. The MaxEnt model used in this study was based on data for the period 1970-2000 and then projected to future climate periods. This study modeled the future distribution of C. fimbriata for 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100 climatic scenarios. Fifteen affected locations and seven bioclimatic variables were investigated in this study. The model showed values between 0.896 and 0.913 (habitat suitability) which represented a good model outcome. The jackknife test showed that the mean diurnal range in temperature, precipitation of the driest month, and elevation contributed to C. fimbriata distribution. From 2021 through 2040, a total area of 1,889 km2 was found to be highly suitable for C. fimbriata in Northern Oman. Compared with the 2021–2040 period, the poorly suitable area would increase in both 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 periods. The moderately suitable regions for C. fimbriata would decrease under all scenarios investigated. However, the total area of the suitable areas, with all scenarios, would increase, except during the 2041-2060 period. This research offers a tool to better manage and prevent the possible Ceratocystis blight (C. fimbriata) and bark beetle (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) invasions under future projected climatic scenarios. Keywords: Mango sudden decline (MSD), “Ceratocystis fimbriata”, bioclimatic variables, climate change, Sultanate of Oman, Maxent.
Overwintering and Alternative Hosts of Dust Mites Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) on Date Palm in Iraq
Authors:   Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq, Hussein Hatem Motaab , Al Dahwi Sindab Jassem ,   Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Baghdad University, Iraq
Published: October 2021

The dust mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) on date palm trees is one of the main pests affecting palm trees in Iraq. Its severity has increased its damage to the crop in recent years. A study of some environmental aspects of the pest such as alternative hosts, spread and distribution of the pest after harvesting and overwintering are important factors to identify pest's vulnerable periods, which can be utilized in the control process. The results revealed that the pest had activity during the spring on alternative hosts Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense, and Cynodon dactynlon. Surveying vegetables that are inter-planted with palm groves, the pest was found present in the field on the Fragaria ananassa, Cucurbita pepo, Solanum melongena, and Citrullus lanatus. At the "rutab" and "tamar" stages, higher numbers of O. afrasiaticus began to leave the dates fruit bunches to pinnae of frond trees and offshoot to feed and reproduce until the onset of winter and remain there as fertile females to resume their activities during the following spring. The highest density of mobile instars and eggs reached 0.9 individual/pinna and 1.4 egg/pinna, respectively, in October, and then the numbers began to decline to reach 0.3 individual/pinna during the winter period, when no eggs were observed. Furthermore, some plant species provided food and shelter for the pest during the winter period such as C. dactylon, S. halepense, Imperata cylindrica and Phragmites australis. Results obtained also showed that date palm seedlings grown randomly in the orchard under study acted as a refuge for the dust mite, as it fed and multiplied continuously on them for several generations and throughout the year. Keywords: Oligonychus afrasiaticus, overwintering, alternative hosts