bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in a Patient with Heterozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation
Authors: White C. Whitney , Thomason Angela R. , Prince Valerie
Published: September 2014

Objective

To report a patient case identifying risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation.

Case Summary

A 54-year-old Caucasian male was diagnosed with heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation in 2008 after experiencing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and bilateral pulmonary embolism. The patient was treated appropriately and started on anticoagulation therapy with warfarin through an anticoagulation management clinic. After approximately 17 months of warfarin therapy without incident, warfarin was discontinued. Within 2 months after discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy, the patient experienced his second DVT and left pulmonary artery embolus.

Discussion

The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation is documented as an approximate 1.4-fold increase compared to patients without thrombophilia. However, the risk increases dramatically when nonreversible (age) or reversible risk factors (obesity, smoking, and long air flights) are present in this population.

Conclusion

Based on recent literature, heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation exponentially increases the risk of recurrent VTE, especially in the presence of other risk factors. Health care providers should complete a comprehensive review of the patients’ other risk factors when deciding on duration of anticoagulation therapy for patients with positive heterozygous Factor V Leiden mutation.
Empirical Evaluation of Aptitude Testing and Transcript Review for Police Cadet Applicants
Authors: McKenna Greg
Published: September 2014

The selection of police cadets is complex and critically important given the role of police officers in the maintenance of public safety. As a result, there has been ongoing research on the relationship between common selection criteria, such as previous educational attainment and aptitude test scores and police academy outcomes. This study explores this relationship using attained marks in core high-school courses and scores from two aptitude tests as predictor variables and final grade in select academy courses as outcome variables. Results support the use of the predictor variables in cadet selection.
Serrin's over-determined problem on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Fall Mouhamed Moustapha , Minlend Ignace Aristide
Published: September 2014

Let

(
ℳ
,
g
)

${(\mathcal {M},g)}$

be a compact Riemannian manifold of
dimension N, N ≥ 2. In this paper, we prove that there exists
a family of domains

(

Ω
ε

)

ε
∈
(
0
,

ε
0

)

${(\Omega _\varepsilon )_{\varepsilon \in (0,\varepsilon _0)}}$

and functions

u
ε

${u_\varepsilon }$

such that

-

Δ
g

u
ε

=
1

$-\Delta _{g} u_\varepsilon =1$

in

Ω
ε

$\Omega _\varepsilon $

,

u
ε

=
0

$u_\varepsilon =0$

on

∂

Ω
ε

$\partial \Omega _\varepsilon $

,

g

(

∇
g

u
ε

,

ν
ε

)

=
-

ε
N

${g}(\nabla _{ {g}} {u_\varepsilon }, {\nu }_\varepsilon )=-\frac{\varepsilon }{N}$

on

∂

Ω
ε

$\partial \Omega _\varepsilon $

,
where

ν
ε

${\nu _\varepsilon }$

is the unit outer normal of

∂

Ω
ε

${\partial \Omega _\varepsilon }$

.
The domains

Ω
ε

${\Omega _\varepsilon }$

are smooth perturbations of geodesic balls of radius ε. If, in addition,
p
0 is a non-degenerate critical point of the scalar curvature of
g, then the family

(
∂

Ω
ε

)

ε
∈
(
0
,

ε
0

)

${(\partial \Omega _\varepsilon )_{\varepsilon \in (0,\varepsilon _0)}}$

constitutes a
smooth foliation of a neighborhood of p
0. By considering a family of domains

Ω
ε

${\Omega _\varepsilon }$

in which the above problem is satisfied, we also prove that if this family
converges to some point p
0 in a suitable sense as

ε
→
0

${\varepsilon \rightarrow 0}$

, then p
0 is a critical point of the scalar curvature.
A Taylor expansion of the energy rigidity for the torsion problem is also given.
Oxidation of High Titanium Slag through Microwave Treatment
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui , Zhu Hongbo , Chen Guo , Zhang Shimin
Published: September 2014

Due to its special nature of microwave heating, the reaction processes of high dielectric loss materials under microwave field draw more and more attention. This work attempts to figure out microwave oxidation process of high titanium slag. Based on a through analysis, it can be concluded that high titanium slag phase transformation process under microwave field can be divided into four stages: (i) crystallization of amorphous Fe, Mg, and Ti oxides, (ii) decomposition of Fe
Simplified Calculation Kinetic Model for Solid Metal Melting and Decarburization Process
Authors: Dong Kai , Zhu Rong , Liu Wenjuan
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a calculation model for decarburization kinetic in solid metal melting process is studied. Firstly the macro-kinetic model is established, and the melting and decarburization process is divided into five steps, which are adsorption and dissolution of O
Theory of Doping in Studies of Defect Concentration and Transport Properties of Transition Metal Oxides and Sulphides
Authors: Grzesik Zbigniew
Published: September 2014

In the present paper the theoretical basis and experimental verification of a method, enabling the calculation of defect concentration and their mobility in transition metal oxides and sulphides have been described. The idea of proposed method consists in determination of both these parameters in indirect way, i.e. in studying the influence of aliovalent metallic additions on the oxidation kinetics of a given metal (doping effect). It has been shown that from the results of oxidation kinetics of binary alloys, the enthalpy and entropy of defect formation and their migration can be calculated. These data, in turn, can be used for the calculation of defect concentration and defect mobility in pure, undoped oxides. Such a possibility has been illustrated on the example of nonstoichiometric nickel oxide, Ni
Too Many Nonprofits? An Empirical Approach to Estimating Trends in Nonprofit Demand Density
Authors: Harrison Teresa , Thornton Jeremy
Published: September 2014

We examine the claim that nonprofit markets have become more crowded over time. A naïve examination of the data indicates that the number of nonprofits has increased rapidly over the past two decades. However, this approach does not account for increases in population, income, or other demand factors that would alter a population’s ability to support additional nonprofits. We attempt to quantify a standard unit of demand for nonprofits over time, by exploiting the panel nature of our data. Our findings indicate that nonprofit density, normalized for changes in demand, in 2005 is lower than it was in 1990. We are also able to examine the impact of incremental increases in population to absorb a nonprofit. Overall, we find that it takes far more people to support nonprofit entry in 2005 compared to 1990. It is likely that technological shifts in production and management techniques introduced since 1990 allow firms to serve larger numbers of people. Consistent with our findings, this type of change would result in fewer nonprofits per market, serving larger numbers of people. Our results therefore provide evidence that growth in the nonprofit sector has not necessarily implied increased density or greater competition in the sector.
Liberal and Radical Democracies: The Swiss Cantons Compared
Authors: Bühlmann Marc , Vatter Adrian , Dlabac Oliver , Schaub Hans-Peter
Published: September 2014

This article examines the widespread hypothesis that German-speaking Swiss cantons exhibit radical-democratic characteristics, while the Latin cantons possess stronger liberal-representative democratic profiles. Empirical and multi-dimensional measuring of the quality of democracy in the cantons shows that this hypothesis does not do the complexity of cantonal democracy justice. Today’s position of the cantons along the axes of liberal and radical democracy is best explained with reference to the strong liberal and democratic constitutional movements within the cantons during the middle of the 19th century.
Phthalate exposure in utero causes epigenetic changes and impairs insulin signalling
Authors: Rajesh Parsanathan , Balasubramanian Karundevi
Published: September 2014

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), widely used as a plasticiser. Developmental exposure to EDCs could alter epigenetic programming and result in adult-onset disease. We investigated whether DEHP exposure during development affects glucose homoeostasis in the F1offspring as a result of impaired insulin signal transduction in gastrocnemius muscle. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered DEHP (0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg per day) from embryonic days 9–21 orally. DEHP-exposed offspring exhibited elevated blood glucose, impaired serum insulin, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, along with reduced insulin receptor, glucose uptake and oxidation in the muscle at postnatal day 60. The levels of insulin signalling molecules and their phosphorylation were down-regulated in DEHP-exposed offspring. However, phosphorylated IRS1Ser636/639, which impedes binding of downstream effectors and the negative regulator (PTEN) of PIP3, was increased in DEHP-exposed groups. Down-regulation of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4(Slc2a4)) gene expression and increased GLUT4Ser488phosphorylation, which decreases its intrinsic activity and translocation towards the plasma membrane, were recorded. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays detected decreased MYOD binding and increased histone deacetylase 2 interaction towardsGlut4, indicative of the tight chromatin structure at theGlut4promoter. Increased DNMTs and global DNA methylation levels were also observed. Furthermore, methylation ofGlut4at the MYOD-binding site was increased in DEHP-exposed groups. These findings indicate that, gestational DEHP exposure predisposes F1offspring to glucometabolic dysfunction at adulthood by down-regulating the expression of critical genes involved in the insulin signalling pathway. Furthermore, DEHP-induced epigenetic alterations inGlut4appear to play a significant role in disposition towards this metabolic abnormality.
An Eight-Parent Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross Population for Winter-Sown Wheat: Creation, Properties, and Validation
Authors: Mackay Ian J , Bansept-Basler Pauline , Barber Toby , Bentley Alison R , Cockram James , Gosman Nick , Greenland Andy J , Horsnell Richard , Howells Rhian , O’Sullivan Donal M , Rose Gemma A , Howell Phil J
Published: September 2014

MAGIC populations represent one of a new generation of crop genetic mapping resources combining high genetic recombination and diversity. We describe the creation and validation of an eight-parent MAGIC population consisting of 1091 F7 lines of winter-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Analyses based on genotypes from a 90,000-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array find the population to be well-suited as a platform for fine-mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and gene isolation. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) show the population to be highly recombined; genetic marker diversity among the founders was 74% of that captured in a larger set of 64 wheat varieties, and 54% of SNPs segregating among the 64 lines also segregated among the eight founder lines. In contrast, a commonly used reference bi-parental population had only 54% of the diversity of the 64 varieties with 27% of SNPs segregating. We demonstrate the potential of this MAGIC resource by identifying a highly diagnostic marker for the morphological character "awn presence/absence" and independently validate it in an association-mapping panel. These analyses show this large, diverse, and highly recombined MAGIC population to be a powerful resource for the genetic dissection of target traits in wheat, and it is well-placed to efficiently exploit ongoing advances in phenomics and genomics. Genetic marker and trait data, together with instructions for access to seed, are available at http://www.niab.com/MAGIC/.
Multiparental Mapping of Plant Height and Flowering Time QTL in Partially Isogenic Sorghum Families
Authors: Higgins R H , Thurber C S , Assaranurak I , Brown P J
Published: September 2014

Sorghum varieties suitable for grain production at temperate latitudes show dwarfism and photoperiod insensitivity, both of which are controlled by a small number of loci with large effects. We studied the genetic control of plant height and flowering time in five sorghum families (A–E), each derived from a cross between a tropical line and a partially isogenic line carrying introgressions derived from a common, temperate-adapted donor. A total of 724 F2:3 lines were phenotyped in temperate and tropical environments for plant height and flowering time and scored at 9139 SNPs using genotyping-by-sequencing. Biparental mapping was compared with multiparental mapping in different subsets of families (AB, ABC, ABCD, and ABCDE) using both a GWAS approach, which fit each QTL as a single effect across all families, and using a joint linkage approach, which fit QTL effects as nested within families. GWAS using all families (ABCDE) performed best at the cloned Dw3 locus, whereas joint linkage using all families performed best at the cloned Ma1 locus. Both multiparental approaches yielded apparently synthetic associations due to genetic heterogeneity and were highly dependent on the subset of families used. Comparison of all mapping approaches suggests that a GA2-oxidase underlies Dw1, and that a mir172a gene underlies a Dw1-linked flowering time QTL.
Rapid Identification of Major-Effect Genes Using the Collaborative Cross
Authors: Ram Ramesh , Mehta Munish , Balmer Lois , Gatti Daniel M , Morahan Grant
Published: September 2014

The Collaborative Cross (CC) was designed to facilitate rapid gene mapping and consists of hundreds of recombinant inbred lines descended from eight diverse inbred founder strains. A decade in production, it can now be applied to mapping projects. Here, we provide a proof of principle for rapid identification of major-effect genes using the CC. To do so, we chose coat color traits since the location and identity of many relevant genes are known. We ascertained in 110 CC lines six different coat phenotypes: albino, agouti, black, cinnamon, and chocolate coat colors and the white-belly trait. We developed a pipeline employing modifications of existing mapping tools suitable for analyzing the complex genetic architecture of the CC. Together with analysis of the founders’ genome sequences, mapping was successfully achieved with sufficient resolution to identify the causative genes for five traits. Anticipating the application of the CC to complex traits, we also developed strategies to detect interacting genes, testing joint effects of three loci. Our results illustrate the power of the CC and provide confidence that this resource can be applied to complex traits for detection of both qualitative and quantitative trait loci.
Kinetochore Biorientation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Requires a Tightly Folded Conformation of the Ndc80 Complex
Authors: Tien Jerry F , Umbreit Neil T , Zelter Alex , Riffle Michael , Hoopmann Michael R , Johnson Richard S , Fonslow Bryan R , Yates John R , MacCoss Michael J , Moritz Robert L , Asbury Charles L , Davis Trisha N
Published: September 2014

Accurate transmission of genetic material relies on the coupling of chromosomes to spindle microtubules by kinetochores. These linkages are regulated by the conserved Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase to ensure that sister chromatids are properly attached to spindle microtubules. Kinetochore–microtubule attachments require the essential Ndc80 complex, which contains two globular ends linked by large coiled-coil domains. In this study, we isolated a novel ndc80 mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains mutations in the coiled-coil domain. This ndc80 mutant accumulates erroneous kinetochore–microtubule attachments, resulting in misalignment of kinetochores on the mitotic spindle. Genetic analyses with suppressors of the ndc80 mutant and in vitro cross-linking experiments suggest that the kinetochore misalignment in vivo stems from a defect in the ability of the Ndc80 complex to stably fold at a hinge in the coiled coil. Previous studies proposed that the Ndc80 complex can exist in multiple conformations: elongated during metaphase and bent during anaphase. However, the distinct functions of individual conformations in vivo are unknown. Here, our analysis revealed a tightly folded conformation of the Ndc80 complex that is likely required early in mitosis. This conformation is mediated by a direct, intracomplex interaction and involves a greater degree of folding than the bent form of the complex at anaphase. Furthermore, our results suggest that this conformation is functionally important in vivo for efficient error correction by Aurora B/Ipl1 and, consequently, to ensure proper kinetochore alignment early in mitosis.
CURRENT AQUACULTURE AND FISHERY ACTIVITIES AT THUY TRIEU LAGOON, CAM LAM, KHANH HOA PROVINCE
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hoa Nguyen Xuan , Thuy Nguyen Nhat Nhu
Published: September 2014

The surveyed results showed that the aquaculture and inshore fishery activities at Thuy Trieu lagoon have developed privately and spontaneously; the total area of unused ponds was up to 68.94%; 100% of shrimp farmers and fishermen have not participated any fishery associations. So far, there has no a specific plan for aquaculture at the lagoon; 60% of farming ponds is nearby industrial wastewater; 43.33% of farming ponds is nearby agricultural wastewater and 30% of farming ponds is nearby residential wastewater, in which 20% of the farming ponds is nearby both industrial and residential wastewater. The infrastructure for aquaculture has not been invested by the local budgets:the electrical and freshwater systems have been only invested by the shrimp farmers; pathways at the concentrated aquaculture areas have not been extended and cemented; 86.67% of farming ponds without wastewater treatment system; 53.33% of farming ponds without inlet and outlet systems separately. The aquaculture and inshore fishery have not sustainably developed: 46.67% of shrimp farmers have tended to reduce aquaculture areas in the coming years; 46.67% of the fishermen have tended to change their occupation; 86.67% of shrimp farmers asserted that the profit decreases significantly compared to that of 5 years ago. The marine recourses in the lagoon decrease significantly compared to those of 5 years ago. There have no local specific regulations in management, sanctions as well as supporting policies for the aquaculture and inshore fishery at Thuy Trieu lagoon.
Comparison of Conventional Transcrestal Sinus Lift and Ultrasound-Enhanced Transcrestal Hydrodynamic Cavitational Sinus Lift for the Filling of Subantral Space: A Human Cadaver Study
Authors: Catros Sylvain , Montaudon Michel , Bou Christophe , Da Costa Noble Reynald , Fricain Jean Christophe , Ella Bruno
Published: September 2014

The implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla may require sinus-grafting procedures due to poor quality and low volume of bone. This can be accomplished using a “lateral window” sinus augmentation or with an osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE). The hydrodynamic ultrasonic cavitational sinus lift (HUCSL) (Intralift) is derived from the osteotome technique and allows the reduction of some of the traumatic effects of the osteotome technique. The aim of this study was to compare OSFE and the HUCSL procedures on fresh human cadaver heads. Primary outcomes were the height and width of the grafting area in the sinus floor area. Eighty-four maxillary sinuses were selected. On each fresh cadaver head, 2 sinus lifts were done using OSFE and HUCSL in the maxillary sinuses. Computerized tomography scans were performed on each head before and after the surgeries. Measurements were done on radiologic pictures using dedicated software, and the integrity of the sinus membrane was observed after dissecting the maxillae. The use of HUCSL resulted in a significantly higher sinus floor augmentation in the mesio-distal and bucco-palatal direction compared with the osteotome technique (P < .001). There was no correlation between mesio-distal and bucco-palatal diameters of sinus floor augmentation when only the osteotome protocol was considered (r = 0.27 and P = .08). In contrast, the mesio-distal and bucco-palatal diameters of floor augmentation were correlated when the HUCSL protocol was considered (r = 0.79, P < .001). HUCSL represents a good alternative method for sinus floor elevation.
Why Guided When Freehand Is Easier, Quicker, and Less Costly?
Authors: Schnitman Paul A. , Hayashi Chie , Han Rita K.
Published: September 2014

Computer-assisted implant planning and subsequent production of a surgical template based on this plan has gained attention because it provides restoratively driven esthetics, patient comfort, satisfaction, and the option of flapless surgery and immediate restoration. However, it adds expense and requires more time. Another significant but not so apparent advantage may be improved survival and success over freehand techniques in types III and IV bone. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to examine that possibility. It reports 1-year outcome for 80 implants in 27 consecutively presenting patients treated over a 7-year period using computer-assisted techniques across all bone qualities in commonly encountered treatment indications in private practice. Implants were placed to support single teeth, small bridges, and complete arch restorations in exposed or immediately restored applications, based on primary stability as determined by insertion torque, resonance frequency analysis, and Periotest. For the 80 implants supporting 35 restorations, the median observation period is 2.66 years; 73 implants supporting prostheses in 22 patients had readable radiographs at 1 year. There was a 1-year overall implant survival and a success rate of 100%. Radiographic analysis demonstrated the change in bone level from the platform at 1-year is less than 2 mm. Intra-operative median measurements of primary stability were insertion torque, 40 Ncm; resonance frequency, 76 ISQ; and Periotest, −3. All intra-operative measurements were consistent for acceptable primary stability regardless of bone density. Restoratively driven diagnosis and precision planning and initial fit were possible with computer-assisted techniques resulting in the achievement of high primary stability, even in areas of less dense bone. The ability to plan implant position, drill sequence, and implant design on the basis of predetermined bone density gives the practitioner enhanced pretreatment information which can lead to improved outcome.
Evaluation of Breast Cancer Knowledge Among Health Promoters in Mexico Before and After Focused Training
Authors: Keating Nancy L. , Kouri Elena M. , Ornelas Héctor Arreola , Méndez Oscar , Valladares Laura Magaña , Knaul Felicia Marie
Published: September 2014

Objective.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. We assessed the effectiveness of a train-the-trainer program in two Mexican states in improving knowledge among professional and nonprofessional community health workers.

Materials and Methods.

We worked with local organizations to develop and implement a train-the-trainer program to improve breast cancer knowledge among community health workers, including professional health promoters (PHPs) who were trained and then trained nonprofessional community health promoters (CHPs). We surveyed participants before and after training that included in-person and online classes and again approximately 3 months later. We used paired t tests and chi-square tests to compare survey responses at the different times. We also used logistic regression to assess whether promoter characteristics were associated with greater improvements in breast cancer knowledge after training.

Results.

Overall, 169 PHPs (mean age, 36 years) completed training and provided a 10-hour training course to 2,651 CHPs, who also completed the pre- and post-training survey. For both PHPs and CHPs, post-training surveys demonstrated increases in an understanding of breast cancer as a problem; an understanding of screening, treatment, and insurance coverage issues; and knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and what constitutes a family history of breast cancer (all p < .05). These improvements were maintained 3 to 6 months after training.

Conclusion.

Train-the-trainer programs hold promise for leveraging community health workers, who far outnumber other health professionals in many low- and middle-income countries, to engage in health promotion activities for cancer and other noncommunicable diseases.
Analysis of elderly care in Changsha, China
Authors: Zhou Xu , Li Jin , Wang Feng
Published: September 2014

Over recent years, ageing of the population of Changsha, China has become an increasingly serious concern. This paper analyses the characteristics of the ageing population and the development of elderly care institutions in Changsha. With the rise in the elderly population in Changsha, more and more institutions for their care are needs. After analyses of the current situation, this paper proposes a variety of measures that should be deployed, including selection of an appropriate model for elderly care, the construction of more elderly care institutions and the creation of laws and regulations to enforce the model.
Dissemination of Evidence-Based Treatment for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Southern Region of Brazil: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Stachon Andrea , Silva Isabela Machado da
Published: September 2014

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent condition that responds well to specialized treatment including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or serotonin reuptake inhibitors or their combination. In Brazil, the dissemination of evidence-based treatment for pediatric OCD is hindered because of the peculiarities of the health system. The presence of a multitiered health system (public, insured, and private) with insufficient investment in public mental health and relative inaccessibility of insured/private care for most of the Brazilian population make the implementation of specialized OCD treatment centers largely unavailable in Brazil. Furthermore, lack of appropriate training in child mental health, CBT, and evidence-based approaches to OCD in current psychiatry and psychology training programs further impede improvement in diagnosis and treatment. The challenges faced in the current system in Brazil will be discussed and also strategies and programs that are currently being implemented in the south of Brazil to help address the gaps in treatment for pediatric patients with OCD.
Evaluation of mandibular transverse widths in patients affected by unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlut , Buyuk Suleyman K. , Ekizer Abdullah , Sekerci Ahmet E.
Published: September 2014

Objective: 

To evaluate the mandibular dental, alveolar, and skeletal transversal widths in patients affected by unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate and to compare the findings with a well-matched normal occlusion sample using cone beam computed tomography images.

Materials and Methods: 

The study sample consisted of 75 patients divided into three groups: the UCLP (29 patients; mean age: 15.40 ± 3.22 years), BCLP (18 patients; mean age: 15.54 ± 3.72 years), and normal occlusion (28 patients; mean age: 15.82 ± 2.11 years) groups. Mandibular dental (intercanine and -molar), alveolar (intercanine and -molar), and skeletal (bigonial width) transversal measurements were performed three-dimensionally and analyzed using the one-way variance analysis and post hoc Tukey tests.

Results: 

Patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had statistically significantly lower intercanine alveolar widths (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively) and larger intermolar (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively) and intermolar alveolar widths (P < .001) compared with the normal occlusion group. Furthermore, the patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had similar mandibular dental, alveolar, and skeletal transversal widths (P > .05).

Conclusion: 

The UCLP and BCLP groups showed statistically significantly smaller values for intercanine alveolar widths and larger values for intermolar dental and alveolar widths compared with the normal occlusion group. This shows the importance of using individualized archwires according to the pretreatment arch widths of the patients affected by UCLP and/or BCLP.
Fetal Macrosomia and Neonatal Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Associated With Transplacental Transfer of Sulfonylurea in a Mother With KCNJ11-Related Neonatal Diabetes
Authors: Myngheer Nele , Allegaert Karel , Hattersley Andrew , McDonald Tim , Kramer Holger , Ashcroft Frances M. , Verhaeghe Johan , Mathieu Chantal , Casteels Kristina
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE

Sulfonylureas (SUs) are effective at controlling glycemia in permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) caused by KCNJ11 (Kir6.2) mutations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We report the case of a woman with PNDM who continued high doses of glibenclamide (85 mg/day) during her pregnancy. The baby was born preterm, and presented with macrosomia and severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia requiring high-rate intravenous glucose infusion.

RESULTS

Postnatal genetic testing excluded a KCNJ11 mutation in the baby. Glibenclamide was detected in both the baby's blood and the maternal milk.

CONCLUSIONS

We hypothesize that high doses of glibenclamide in the mother led to transplacental passage of the drug and overstimulation of fetal β-cells, which resulted in severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the neonate (who did not carry the mutation) and contributed to fetal macrosomia. We suggest that glibenclamide (and other SUs) should be avoided in mothers with PNDM if the baby does not carry the mutation or if prenatal screening has not been performed, while glibenclamide may be beneficial when the fetus is a PNDM carrier.
Asperger Syndrome – introduction to the problem
Authors: Przygońska Ewa
Published: September 2014

The image of a child with Asperger’s cannot be treated as a definitely homogeneous image and full, characteristic for all children affected by it. Individuals affected by this disorder are likely to suffer from impairments. These are: impairment of relationships, impairment of social communication, impairment of understanding social relationships, and impaired development of the imagination. The role of teachers/educators is to observe the behavior of a child - especially in the peer group, point out areas which should be improved and work with the child during the implementation of educational and therapeutic program
Career guidance in combating social exclusion and pathology among adolescents
Authors: Nawrat Dorota
Published: September 2014

The issue of unemployment among adolescents as one of the causes of social pathology is examined. It is also emphasized that the NEET phenomenon is spreading and that it furthers social exclusion and pathologies. It is argued that school and career guidance at the earliest levels of education, especially developed among adolescents who face making decisions important for their education and career, is a way to prevent and minimalize negative effects of these phenomena. Thus it is advised to develop various forms of guidance and to raise the need among adolescents to plan their own educational and professional development
Sport beyond Moral Good and Evil
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy
Published: September 2014

Sport is - and should be - an amoral phenomenon (what should not be confused with an immoral one); that is, a phenomenon which is completely independent from ethics, except of, possibly, deontological ethics which concerns professionals who have professional obligations towards their employers and other persons who are provided with and influenced by their services.

Conduct according to rules of a given sport has no moral character. It has only pragmatic character, similarly as conduct in compliance with principles of the administrative code, the civil code or the penal code. Of course, when you act in accordance with rules of sports rivalry you can additionally realize also other aims - like, for example, aesthetic, spectacular or moral ones. However, in each case rules of the game and legal norms have priority, because they are the most important regulative determinant of conduct in various societies, including variously defined human teams. The abovementioned legal and sports regulations are not moral norms. They can, however, influence moral behaviours if they are in conflict with the law or rules of the game.

From that viewpoint moral norms are exterritorial in their relation to assumptions and rules of a particular sport. Contestants and people responsible for them - like, for example, coaches or sports officials - as well as their employers are neither required to account for their moral beliefs, nor for their moral behaviours, if only they act in compliance with rules of sports rivalry.
Evaluation of the Average Wage in Agriculture Depending on the Value of Gross Agricultural Production in Different Regions in Slovakia
Authors: Vozárová Ivana Kravčáková , Šíra Elena
Published: September 2014

The agriculture is currently not among highly attractive, highly productive and profitable sectors, but its importance for the country and economy is unquestionable. It turns out that the level of labour productivity as well as other factors reflects the different wage level. Lower average nominal wages of workers in rural areas are a factor causing overall economy lagging of rural regions. The aim of this paper is to determine the dependence of the average wage level from gross agricultural production in different regions of Slovakia and confirm respectively refute the hypothesis of wage inequalities between regions
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and the female sex: analysis of risk factors, aneurysm characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Hamdan Alhafidz , Barnes Jonathan , Mitchell Patrick
Published: September 2014

Object

The pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is unclear. Sex may play a role in the outcome of patients with aSAH.

Methods

The authors retrospectively identified 617 patients with aSAH (April 2005 to February 2010) and analyzed sex differences in risk factors (age, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history), admission-related factors (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade and admission delay), aneurysm characteristics (site, side, location, and multiplicity), and outcomes (treatment modalities [coiling/clipping/both/conservative], complications [vasospasm and hydrocephalus], length of stay, and modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months).

Results

The female patients with aSAH were older than the male patients (mean age 56.6 vs 51.9 years, respectively, p < 0.001), and more women than men were ≥ 55 years old (56.2% vs 40.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). Women exhibited higher rates of bilateral (6.8% vs 2.6%, respectively, p < 0.05), multiple (11.5% vs 5.2%, respectively, p < 0.05), and internal carotid artery (ICA) (36.9% vs 17.5%, respectively, p < 0.001) aneurysms and a lower rate of anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (26.3% vs 44.8%, respectively, p < 0.001) than the men, but no side differences were noted. There were no sex differences in risk factors, admission-related factors, or outcome measures. For both sexes, outcomes varied according to aneurysm location, with odds ratios for a poor outcome of 1.62 (95% CI 0.91–2.86, p = 0.1) for middle cerebral artery, 2.41 (95% CI 1.29–4.51, p = 0.01) for ICA, and 2.41 (95% CI 1.29–4.51, p = 0.006) for posterior circulation aneurysms compared with those for anterior cerebral artery aneurysms. The odds ratio for poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6) in women compared with men after adjusting for significant prognostic factors was 0.71 (95% CI 0.45–1.11, p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The overall outcomes after aSAH between women and men are similar.
The history of neurosurgery at the University of Rochester
Authors: Kimmell Kristopher T. , Petraglia Anthony L. , Bakos Robert , Rodenhouse Thomas , Maurer Paul K. , Pilcher Webster H.
Published: September 2014

The Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Rochester has a long legacy of excellent patient care and innovation in the neurosciences. The department's founder, Dr. William Van Wagenen, was a direct pupil of Harvey Cushing and the first president of the Harvey Cushing Society. His successor, Dr. Frank P. Smith, was also a leader in organized neurosurgery and helped to permanently memorialize his mentor with an endowed fellowship that today is one of the most prestigious training awards in neurosurgery. The first 2 chiefs are honored every year by the department with memorial invited lectureships in their names. The department is home to a thriving multidisciplinary research program that fulfills the lifelong vision of its founder, Dr. Van Wagenen.
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for cerebral proliferative angiopathy with cerebral ischemia
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Terada Tomoaki
Published: September 2014

Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare clinical entity. This disorder is characterized by diffuse vascular abnormalities with intermingled normal brain parenchyma, and is differentiated from classic arteriovenous malformations. The management of CPA in patients presenting with nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits due to cerebral ischemia is challenging and controversial. The authors report a case of adult CPA with cerebral ischemia in which neurological deficits were improved after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS).

A 28-year-old man presented with epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed a diffuse vascular network (CPA) in the right hemisphere. Antiepileptic medications were administered. Four years after the initial onset of epilepsy, the patient's left-hand grip strength gradually decreased over the course of 1 year. The MRI studies showed no infarcts, but technetium-99m–labeled ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) SPECT studies obtained with acetazolamide challenge demonstrated hypoperfusion and severely impaired cerebrovascular reactivity over the affected hemisphere. This suggested that the patient's neurological deficits were associated with cerebral ischemia. The authors performed EDAS for cerebral ischemia, and the patient's hand grip strength gradually improved after the operation. Follow-up angiography studies obtained 7 months after the operation showed profound neovascularization through the superficial temporal artery and the middle meningeal artery. A SPECT study showed slight improvement of hypoperfusion at the focal region around the right motor area, indicating clinical improvement from the operation. The authors conclude that EDAS may be a treatment option for CPA-related hypoperfusion.
Bed topography of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, and Byrd Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Gogineni S. , Yan J.-B. , Paden J. , Leuschen C. , Li J. , Rodriguez-Morales F. , Braaten D. , Purdon K. , Wang Z. , Liu W. , Gauch J.
Published: September 2014

This paper presents the bed topography of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, and Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, derived from sounding these glaciers with high-sensitivity radars. To understand the processes causing the speed-up and retreat of outlet glaciers, and to enable the development of next-generation ice-sheet models, we need information on bed topography and basal conditions. To this end, we performed measurements with the progressively improved Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder/Imager (MCoRDS/I). We processed the data from each antenna-array element using synthetic aperture radar algorithms to improve radar sensitivity and reduce along-track surface clutter. We then applied array and image-processing algorithms to extract the weak bed echoes buried in off-vertical scatter (cross-track surface clutter). At Jakobshavn Isbræ, we observed 2.7 km thick ice ~30 km upstream of the calving front and ~850 m thick ice at the calving front. We also observed echoes from multiple interfaces near the bed. We applied the MUSIC algorithm to the data to derive the direction of arrival of the signals. This analysis revealed that clutter is dominated by the ice surface at Jakobshavn Isbræ. At Byrd Glacier, we found ~3.62 km thick ice, as well as a subglacial trench ~3.05 km below sea level. We used ice thickness information derived from radar data in conjunction with surface elevation data to generate bed maps for these two critical glaciers. The performance of current radars must be improved further by ~15 dB to fully sound the deepest part of Byrd Glacier. Unmanned aerial systems equipped with radars that can be flown over lines spaced as close as 5 m apart in the cross-track direction to synthesize a two-dimensional aperture would be ideal for collecting fine-resolution data over glaciers like Jakobshavn near their grounding lines.
Effect of Carbohydrate Rich Diet on Experimental Pathology of Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers
Authors: Rahman MM , Kabir ME , Sultana S , Ferdoush J , Ruba T , Das PM , Hossain MM
Published: September 2014

The present research work was designed to know the effect of carbohydrate rich diet on the experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers. For experimental purpose, 15 birds of 14 days of age were grouped into 3 (A, B and C). Birds of group A were fed with 400gm maize/kg (40% increase) and group B were fed with 200gm maize/kg (20% increase) of normal feed from day 14 to day 27 and challenged from day 21 to 25 days with 1x108 CFU/3ml of inoculums of Cl. perfringens consecutive 5 days. Group C was kept in control without additional maize. Birds of all groups were observed up to 27 days of age. The clinical signs diarrhea, ruffled feather were common in both group A and B, and less feed intake in group A than group B. There was no mortality in any groups. Birds of all groups were sacrificed at the day 28. Necrosis and hemorrhage in intestine, enlarged liver, and hemorrhage in the base of heart were found in group A (+++). In impression smear of intestines, the average 10-12 bacteria were found in group A and 8-10 bacteria were found in group B in higher magnification (100X). In histopathology, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells including heterophils and lymphocytes and sloughing off mucosal epithelium that changed by pink color cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei were observed in group A (+++) while group B showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and sloughing off mucosal epithelium (++). The birds of group C were normal in all respects. Anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content of group A was 2.8x107 CFU/ml, group B was 2.2x107 CFU/ml and group C was 1.0x107 CFU/ml. From the findings, it may be said that carbohydrate rich diet is a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broilers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i1.20459 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (1): 17-26
Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Deer at Char Kukri Mukri in Bhola District
Authors: Barmon BC , Begum N , Labony SS , Kundu UK , Dey AR , Dey TR
Published: September 2014

To study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of deer, 127 fecal samples were collected from Char Kukri Mukri upazilla of Bhola district of Bangladesh during the period from January to May, 2013. Eighty eight samples were found to be infected with gastrointestinal parasites and overall prevalence rate was 69.29%. Fasciola sp. (8.66%), Paramphistomum sp. (20.47%), stomach worm (18.11%), hook worm (20.47%), Strongyloides sp. (1.57%), Oesophagostomum sp. (1.57%), Eimeria sp. (6.30%) and Balantidium coli (1.57%) were found. The overall prevalence of nematode, trematode, protozoan and mixed infection were 29.13%, 25.19%, 5.51% and 9.45% respectively. Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in summer and winter were 70.59% and 66.67% respectively. The range of EPG/CPG/OPG varied from 100 to 300 among the parasites and highest count was found in Paramphistomum sp. (300), hook worm (300) and stomach worm (300). This study provided a first overview on parasites in deer in the vicinity of villages, but to evaluate parasite transmission dynamics much more studies were required on livestock and on wild herbivores.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i1.20460 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (1): 27-33
Prevalence of Atresia ani in New Born Calves and Their Surgical Management
Authors: Hossain MB , Hashim MA , Hossain MA , Sabrin MS
Published: September 2014

This study was conducted in 46 calves to investigate the prevalence of atresia ani/atresia ani et recti in calves at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, & Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University (from June 2009-June 2011) and Shombugong area (Mymensingh District) from January 2008- December 2009. The total percentage of the affections was 23% among the surgical affections in new born calves. The frequency and location of intestinal malformations and gender distribution of affected calves were investigated. The occurrence of atresia ani/ atresia ani et recti in cross bred or indigenous bred were also studied. Atresia ani with or without other intestinal malformations was diagnosed by the Veterinarian at day 1 (25 calves), day 2 (13 calves), day 3-4 (3 calves) and day 5-8 (2 calves) after birth. The affected calves were reported to have been nursed normally immediately after birth but clinical sign became progressively worse with abdominal distension, loss of appetite and abdominal straining. There was no anal opening, but a bulge appeared at its site. Male calves were more frequently affected with atresia ani than those of female calves. The ratio of the male and female affections was approximately 5: 2. The total percentage of indigenous calves affected with atresia ani was 71.74% and the crossbred were 28.26%. Surgical correction is the only successful technique for atresia ani. The prognosis of surgical correction of atresia ani in calves was found good.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i1.20462 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (1): 41-45
Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis in Lactating Cows and Efficacy of Intramammary Infusion Therapy
Authors: Tripura TK , Sarker SC , Roy SK , Parvin MS , Sarker RR , Rahman AKMA , Islam MT
Published: September 2014

The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in lactating cows of Mymensingh and Lakshmipur sadar upazilas and to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary infusion in subclinical mastitis affected cows. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 78 smallholder dairy farms using a pretested questionnaire to collect data from June 2011 to May 2012. Milk samples from 139 lactating cows were screened for SCM by California Mastitis Test. A total of 72 cows was found positive for SCM and treated with the Neomastipra-JR5® intramammary infusion tube (Hipra, Spain). The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows was 51.8%, of which 51.4% at Mymensingh sadar and 52.2% at Lakshmipur sadar upazilas. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was significantly increased with age and parity of cows. In left hind quarter, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis was significantly higher (33.1%) than those of other quarters. The efficacy of intramammary infusion with Neomastipra-JR5® in lactating cows was 66.7%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i1.20464 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (1): 55-61