bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF DETERMINATE AND INDETERMINATE VARIETIES OF RED GRAM
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Coimbatore 641003, C KALAISELVI , S NATARAJAN ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Coimbatore 641003, C VIJAYALAKSHMI ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Coimbatore 641003, P.K KRISHNAN ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted to study the spectral response pattern of determinate varieties (Vamban 1, ICPL 87 and CORG 9301) and indeterminate varieties (Co.5 and ICPL 88027) of red gram. The spectral reflectance increased steadily from 45 DAS upto 75 DAS and decreased thereafter. Indeterminate varieties exhibited higher reflectance than determinate varieties of red gram throughout the growing period. Infrared band and spectral vegetation indices like IR/R, IR-R. Perpendicular vegetation index (PVI) and Greeness Index (GI) were effective in discriminating the red gram varieties at 45 DAS.
LABOUR REQUIREMENT FOR ARABICA COFFEE AND CARDAMOM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS IN THE MIXED CROPPING SYSTEMS
Authors:   Indian Inst.. of Spices Research,Cardamom Res,Centre Appangala,Madikeri 571 201 Kodagu Karnataka., V.S KORIKANTHIMATH , G.M HIREMATH ,   Indian Inst.. of Spices Research,Cardamom Res,Centre Appangala,Madikeri 571 201 Kodagu Karnataka., M.M HOSMANI ,   Indian Inst.. of Spices Research,Cardamom Res,Centre Appangala,Madikeri 571 201 Kodagu Karnataka.
Published: July 2023

The field experiment carried out at Chettalli northern part of Kodagu district, Karnataka revealed that, the mixed cropping of arabica coffee with cardamom able to generate gainful employment 1.90 times higher than the mono crop of arabica coffee. In both the crops the utilisation of women labourers was maximum. A significant correlation between yield levels and labour requirement was observed in arabica coffee. In cardamom, the variation in labour requirement in tune with the yield levels was observed as indicated by their coefficient of variation. Thus, mixed cropping of arabica coffee with cardamon found superior both with respect to generation of gainful employment and income in the high ranges of western ghats.
ROLE OF WEATHER FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE OF KEY PESTS OF GREEN GRAM
Authors:   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003, S IRULANDI , G BALASUBRAMANIAN ,   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: July 2023

Detailed field studies conducted on greengram at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Tamil Nadu in the year 1995-96, to workout simple correlations between important weather factors and damage level of major pests of greengram, showed that in the kharif 1995, significant positive correlation was found on the incidence of galerucid beetle, Madurasia obscurella (Jacoby), with relative humidity. The thrips, Megalurothrips distalis (Karny) population was positively influenced by sunshine and rainfall was positively correlated with podborers damage and the correlation coefficient values (r) of the above are 0.663, 0.293 and 0.418 respectively. The other factors like maximum and minimum temperature, wind velocity exhibited negative correlation. The incidence of stemfly. Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) was positively correlated (r=0.900) with wind velocity, while leaf hopper, Empoasca kerri (Pruthi) showed positive trend with maximum temperature (r=0.592) and negative with relative humidity (r=0.343) in the rabi 1995, while other weather factors were found negatively correlated with their incidence.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN RAINFED BARVEY (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors:   Dept of Genectics And Plant Breeding,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005, S.K DASH , J SINGH ,   Dept of Genectics And Plant Breeding,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005, L.C PRASAD ,   Dept of Genectics And Plant Breeding,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005, S.S ROUT ,   Dept of Genectics And Plant Breeding,Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005
Published: July 2023

Thirty two genotypes of barley were collected from different centres of Indi including some exotic strains. These were planted in rainfed condition and clustering of genotypes was done by means of Mahalanobis' D2 analysis and Anderson's metroglyph clustering. In the first case the cultures grouped themselves into 6 clusters. No relation was found between geographical and genetic diversity. From the per se performance, intercluster distance and cluster composition, it was inferred that Karan-15 may be crossed with LHDP-238, (a), Karan-19 (b), Karan-521 (c), BCB (Hyl)-7 (d). Karan-201 (e) LLK-224 (f), or BON (MRA)-13 (8) for overall yield improvement on the basis of D-analysis. In case of metroglyph analysis, the genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters. The prospective cross on the basis of later one predicted, such as 'a', 'd', 'e', ' and 'g' were common for both analysis. Therefore, it can be concluded that Anderson's metroglyph analysis although not comparable to D-analysis, could be a meaningful support to D and in the absence of systematic clustering, could be a good indicator at field level.
WEED DYNAMICS IN RICE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE IN CAUVERY DELTA ZONE
Authors:   College of Agricultural Engineering, Tamilnadu Agricultural University Kumulur, R KAVIMANI , S VIJAYABASKARAN ,   College of Agricultural Engineering, Tamilnadu Agricultural University Kumulur, A AROKIA RAJ ,   College of Agricultural Engineering, Tamilnadu Agricultural University Kumulur
Published: July 2023

Experiments conducted in a farmer's field with clay loam soil in Cauvery delta zone during 1993 and 1995 revealed that broad leaved weeds constituted the major weed flora followed by grasses and sedges in rice grown during thaladi season and in relay sown blackgram. In case of sesame, either sown immediately after rice or after blackgram or after a fallow period, grasses dominated the weed flora followed by broad leaved weeds and sedges.
EFFECT OF FERTILISER PHOSPHORUS, FYM AND INCUBATION PERIOD ON AVAILABLE P IN DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES OF RANGA REDDY DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Authors:   College of Agricultural Engineering, Tamilnadu Agricultural University Kumulur, P SARAVANAPANDIAN
Published: July 2023

A laboratory experiment was carried out at Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture Hyderabad during the year 1994 to evaluate the releasing pattern and availability of phosphorus from different soil types of Ranga Reddy district of Andhra Pradesh. The results revealed that increasing levels of FYM and applied P increased the available P in all types of soils. The phosphorus availability was increased at 30 days of incubation as compared to 15 days with FYM, whereas, without FYM it increased with the increase in the incubation.
EFFECT OF INOCULATION OF Acetobacter diazotrophicus (ACN) WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN ON IT'S POPULATION ON VARIOUS PARTS OF SUGARCANE VARIETY-CoC 92061.
Authors:   Dept of Agrl Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608 002 TamilNadu., V MURALIKRISHNAN , SM MUTHUKARUPPAN ,   Dept of Agrl Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608 002 TamilNadu.
Published: July 2023

Acetobacter diazotrophicus was multiplied in semi solid LGI medium and mixed with lignite. Then it was inoculated with setts and planted with different levels of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen. The population of A. diazotrophicus reached maximum in the treatment where 50 percent N with A. dinzotrophicus inoculation was given.
QUALITY CHARACTERS OF GROUNDNUT KERNEL AS INFLUENCED BY MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE (MC)
Authors:   Department of Crop PHysiology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003., P JEYAKUMAR , M THANGARAJ ,   Department of Crop PHysiology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003.
Published: July 2023

Investigations were carried out to study the effect of Mepiquat Chloride (1. 1- dimethyl piperidinium chloride) on certain quality characters of groundnut kernel. Foliar application of MC on 35 days after sowing increased the oil content by 4.6 per cent. Carbohydrate content decreased, and protein content showed no significant change in response to MC.
ESTIMATION OF RURAL POVERTY LEVELS BY RQLI (RURAL QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX) AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR MEASURING POVERTY
Authors:   Assistant Professor Dept of Bioenergy,College of Agrl,Engg..Tamil Nadu Agrl Univ..,Coimbatore 641 003., C SEKAR
Published: July 2023

An attempt was made to measure the rural poverty using the Rural Quality of Life Index (RQLI) in determining the rural poverty levels. The present study was undertaken in Thondamuthur block. Coimbatore district. The objectives of the study are to construct the RQLI for the ORP village and to relate the poverty index with the poverty line incomes at the household level in ORP village. For the construction of RQLI. the study converts the survey data on the 15 identified indicators into a scale of 1 to 7: so that the data can be easily compared and subjected to statistical analysis and each indicator received equal weight in the composite index and the resulting ROLI provided numerical ranking order for the 120 surveyed households. It is revealed by the poverty index method that there were about 74 per cent of the households who lived below the poverty line. In contrast, the percentage of households below the poverty line was 38 per cent while using the conventional method. Then the annual income alone is considered for measuring rural poverty, it ignores the other components of poverty which determine poverty level of the households. The index method is mainly intended to identify the rural poor and to evaluate the real impact of development programmes especially at a time when the government's thrust is the eradication of poverty. In this context, it is important to use some yardstick like RQLI for assessing growth and plan performance. Hence it is certain that the RQLI presents the possibility of constructing valid and reliable micro as well as macro models of rural development, which will shed more light on the developmental processes of the country.
PREFERENCE OF AGRICULTURAL OFFICERS TOWARDS CONTENT, METHODS, DURATION AND PLACE OF TRAINING PROGRAMME
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Extension And Rular Sociology. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, K LAKSHMANAN , S MANI ,   Department of Agricultural Extension And Rular Sociology. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, R VELUSAMY ,   Department of Agricultural Extension And Rular Sociology. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

Selecting appropriate content, methods and providing suitable place, duration for trainees will lead to greater output among trainees. The Agricultural Officers preferred training contents on latest technologies and practical field problems. combination of methods field trips + skill demonstration + discussion. 5 days training. TNAU and STAMIN as place of training by majority of the respondents.
MOISTURE DEPLETION PATTERN AND PENULTIMATE DEPRESSION UNDER COST-FREE SURGE IRRIGATION IN SUNFLOWER (ID)
Authors:   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, RAJAGOPAL ARUNA , N.K SATHYAMOORTHY ,   Water Technology Centre,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: July 2023

Cost-free surge irrigation method was tested involving two amendments of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Raw Coconut Fibre Waste (RCFW) @ 12.5 t ha in sunflower crop. The cultivar was Co.2 raised with a spacing of 60 x 230 x 30 cm under double row planting. Cost-free surge irrigation includes waste aluminium sheets of off-set press made into inlet pipes of 52 x 6 cm and placed in the head channel to draw the water. The designed rate of flow was I Ips and the 'ON-OFF time was 10 minutes. The study revealed that the available soil moisture (ASM) was higher in the head and gradually decreased upto third sector and again increased in the fourth sector. Available soil moisture status was higher under RCFW as compared to FYM. There was not much difference in depletion pattern between surge and continuous flow. There was a marked reduction in the moisture status in third sector (51-75 M). Under farmers' method the depletion pattern did not vary as compared to surge or continuous flow. Soil moisture depletion was faster during the initial periods and was slowed down during later periods.
STUDIES ON SEED FORTIFICATION AND PELLETING IN BLACKGRAM
Authors:   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, J VIJAYA , A.S PONNUSWAMY ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

Studies on seed fortification and pelicting on crop growth and yield in black gram was carried out at the Department of Seed Science Technology. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Coimbatore during 1995. The nutrients ZnSO,, MnSO,. Na.MO, and DAP were used for fortification and pelleting. The blackgram seeds fortified with ZnSO,+ MnSO, Na,MO, and the pelleted with DAP registered higher yield of 1.37 kg plot having the size of 2.25 m x 3m.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF TEAK DEFOLIATOR, Hyblaea pura IN COMMERCIAL TEAK PLANTATION
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Killikulam,Vallanad 628 252 Tamil Nadu, J Loganathan , P.M.M David ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Killikulam,Vallanad 628 252 Tamil Nadu
Published: July 2023

The population dynamics of teak defoliator, Hyblaca puera was studied on three commercial teak plantations in South India. Defoliator, H. puera occurred in two distinct epidemic infestations in all the sites, one during April-June and the second during September-December. The correlation between larval population and weather parameters showed that rainfall had highly significant positive influence and wind velocity had negative influence on larval population. Other factors like relative humidity, minimum and maximum temperatures were of no significance.
SOLAR CABINET DRYER FOR PERISHABLES AND CEREALS
Authors:   College of Agricultural Engeering,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, V.J.F Kumar , C Divaker Durairaj ,   College of Agricultural Engeering,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, A Sampathrajan ,   College of Agricultural Engeering,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

A solar cabinet dryer of 2m² collector area was developed to dry perishables. The unit consisted of a rectangular insulated box with absorption plates covered with two layers of 3 mm thick transparent glass kept at a space of 25 mm. The solar cabinet dryer was intensively evaluated for drying copra, cassava and chillies. The temperature of air inside the cabinet dryer was observed as 84-86°C at 13-14 h when the ambient temperature was 34°C. The dryer took 8 h to dry Copra pieces of 40-60 mm size from 46 to 5 per cent moisture content. Cassava chips of 5-7 mm thick took 8 h to dry from 62 to 5 per cent moisture. Red chillies with moisture content of 68 per cent dried to 15 per cent in 5 h. Similarly a cabinet dryer with solar energy collector having 36 m² area was developed to dry paddy and bajra. The payload of the dryer was 500 kg per batch. The maximum hot air temperature recorded in the cabinet dryer with energy collector was 55- 56 C. Paddy at 23.5 per cent moisture content was dried to 11 per cent in 9 h in the cabinet dryer with energy collector, whereas bajra was dried from 23.2 to 11.8 per cent in the same time.
SEASONAL VARIATION IN PROLINE CONTENT IN CERTAIN BANANA VARIETIES
Authors:   Sugarcane Research Station,Tamilnadu Agricultural University,Sirugamani  639 115, H VIJAYARAGHAVAN
Published: July 2023

The seasonal fluctuation in proline content in 11 banana varieties belonging to three genomic groups were studied. The proline content increased from March to June und the started declining irrespective of the varieties. Among the three genomic groups ABB record higher amount of proline accumulation during June than the other two groups (AAA and AAB). Drought was observed during the months of April. May and June in the crop growing period of March to August. During this period. the accumulation of proline occurred and there was variation in proline accumulation among the varieties studied. The highest accumulation of 265 ug/g of proline was recorded in Karpooravalli followed hy 260 ug/g in Monthan suggesting that the ABB types have better tolerance to drought than AAA or AAB. The number of functional leaves, height and girth of pseudostem were also high in Karpooravalli and Monthan than in other varieties. The decline in proline content immediately on receipt of monsoon was more pronounced in Karpooravalls and Monthan indicating the better diversification of the accumulated proline for protein synthesis
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF Azolla microphylla IN DIFFERENT NON-SUPPLEMENTED SOIL SERIES SAMPLES
Authors:   Soil and Water Management Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kattuthottam 613 501 Thanjavur, M KUMAR , B CHANDRASEKARAN ,   Soil and Water Management Research Institute,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kattuthottam 613 501 Thanjavur
Published: July 2023

Among the different species of Azolla, Azolla microphylla performs well at this Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ). An experiment initiated with an objective to assess the biomass production of Azolla microphylla in different soil series over weekly intervals revealed that the capacity of soil irrespective of soil series to buttress the growth of A. microphylla is only upto 23 weeks from the date of inoculation. Among the four soil series tested (Kalathur, Adhanur, Padugai and Alangudi), Kalathur series had supported higher biomass production owing to the medium P status.
PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN ALFISOLS AND ENTISOLS AND THEIR RELATION TO SOIL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.K MATHAN
Published: July 2023

Eight soil series differing in soil characteristics were analysed for discrete soil P fractions and their relationships established. Saloid P constituted only 0.5 to 0.6 per cent of the total P content of the Alfisols and Entisols. Clay content negatively correlated with saloid-P (-0.661**). There was a highly significant and positive correlation between saloid-P and Bray 1-P (r=0.926**). Al-P constituted 5.2 to 15.6 per cent of the total P and Fe-P contributed 7.8 to 21.0 per cent of the total P. Ca-P constituted the highest fraction occupying 23.6 to 53.3 per cent of the total P.
EFFECT OF PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENTS ON SEED QUALITY IN REDGRAM
Authors:   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, V PALANISAMY , K JAYASEELAN ,   Dept.of Seed Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

Studies carried out to find out the effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed quality in redgram revealed that the seeds treated with Trichoderma (@4 g kg) followed by Rhizobium culture inoculation at 24 h interval and subsequently pelleted with ZnSO, (100 mg kg) using gypsum (300 g) as carrier and 10% maida (50 ml) as adhesive and air drying of seeds in shade recorded higher germination, seedling growth, vigour index, field emergence and germination after accelerated ageing.
BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM AND PHOSPHOBACTERIA FOR SOYBEAN
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu, S SHEERIN , R THAMIZH VENDAN ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu, M.D SUNDARAM ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu
Published: July 2023

The effect of individual and combined inoculations of Bradyrhizobiumand phosphobacteria along with application of super phosphate. rock phosphate and FYM on the growth and yield of soybean were studied. The combined inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and phosphobacteria was proved to be better than individual inoculations. The combined inoculations with FYM+ SP registered the higher root length (29.6 cm). shoot length (97.3 cm), nodule number (31.8), DMP (8.7g/pt) and yield (1.90 t/ha) of soybean
BREEDING FOR IMPROVED PLANT TYPE IN PIGEONPEA
Authors:   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303., S MURUGESAN , E MURUGAN ,   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303., N NADARAJAN ,   National Pules Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Vamban Colony 622 303.
Published: July 2023

An attempt was made to breed for improved plant type in pigeonpen by crossing two contrasting parents viz. Vamban-I and Gulbarga-1. The F2 population clearly segregated into four distinct classes of phenotypes (plant types) in the ratio of 50 intermediate erect tall: 14 compact dwarf in the early segregants and 15 tall spreading: 1 compact bushy in the late segregants indicating that the plant type in pigeonpea was controlled by interaction of two pairs of non-allelic linkage blocks designated as DTCLSI and TALS2 and their respective allelic blocks as dtclsl and tais2.
EFFECT OF MUSHROOM SPENT RICE STRAW COMPOST ON SOIL PHYSICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALLUVIAL AND LATERITE SOILS
Authors:   Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University Ooty 643 001, Tamil nadu., D SELVI RANGANATHAN , D AUGUSTINE SELVASEELAN ,   Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University Ooty 643 001, Tamil nadu.
Published: July 2023

The absolute and apparent specific gravity values were appreciably influenced by the incorporation of mushroom spent rice straw compost whereas the water holding capacity, porosity and volume expansion on wetting were markedly improved by farmyard manure closely followed by composted coirpith and mushroom spent compost in an alluvial soil. However, in laterite soil, all the physical properties investigated were found to be influenced by the application of manures in the order of farmyard manure > mushroom spent compost > composted coir pith > NPK whereas the soil reaction and the total soluable salts of post harvest soil samples of both the soils were not influenced due to the application of organic manures in combination with NPK fertilizers.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION REGIMES, COMRADE CROPPING AND SOIL AMENDMENTS ON LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO AND YIELD OF CASSAVA, GROUNDNUT AND SESAME
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638 541 Tamilnadu., M AYYASWAMY , C CHINNUSAMY ,   Agricultural Research Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638 541 Tamilnadu., A BALASUBRAMANIAN ,   Agricultural Research Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638 541 Tamilnadu.
Published: July 2023

The study revealed that irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio recorded maximum yields. Cassava raised as sole crop or as comrade cropping in groundnut recorded comparable tuber yield. Either sole groundnut or sesame or in combination with cassava as comrade crop did not alter the yield of groundnut and sesame. Raising groundnut as comrade cropping with cassava recorded higher LER. Coir waste applied at 10 tha" increased the tuber and groundnut pod yields.
PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF NITROGEN THROUGH COMBINED APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS IN RICE
Authors:   Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641003, G GOPALASWAMY , S ANTHONI RAJ ,   Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agrl,University Coimbatore 641003
Published: July 2023

The individual and combined effect of Azolla and Azospirillum on rice was investigated both in the presence and absence of inorganic nitrogen for two seasons. At O kg N/ha level, application of Azolla or Azospirillum alone augmented the grain yield by 21 and 19 per cent respectively. However, combined application of Azospirillum and Azolla with 50 and 75 kg N levels increased the grain yield. At 100 kg N/ha, the response was relatively low.
RESIDUAL EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON SUCCEEDING RATOON RICE
Authors:   Krishi Vigyan,Kendra,Centre Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, Y.V SINGH , B.K MANDAL ,   Krishi Vigyan,Kendra,Centre Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006
Published: July 2023

A two year field experiment was conducted to determine the residual effects of different organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen on the succeeding ratoon crop of rice (cv.IR 36). Eighteen treatments consisting of five green manure crops viz. Azolla (Azolla pinnata R.Brown): Ipomoea (Ipomoea carnea) water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart Solms) Pistia sp. and blue green algae (BGA) and one farm yard manure (FYM) combination with various rates of inorganic N fertilizer were evaluated. Only 42.0 to 58.0 per cent culms regenerated in ratoon crop from the 50 hills/m² of plant crop. Variation in the grain yields (1.32 to 2.42 ha) of ratoon crop was a consequence of the residual fertility left by the different sources of N applied to the preceding plant crop. Incorporation of Azolla and BGA to the precceding plant crop resulted in higher grain and straw yield of ratoon crop. Concentration of N,P and K in grain and straw of ratoon rice was higher in the treatments having higher fertility. Residual status of N.P and K in the soil after ratooning declined compared with initial values.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO STUDY ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEM. A CASE STUDY OF FOREST VEGETATION USING DIGITAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Department of Forage Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, V CHELLAMUTHU
Published: July 2023

Seven types of vegetations viz., sal forest, sal mixed forest, moist mixed forest, dry mixed forest, seral vegetation, high grass and low grass, were identified and delineated by visual interpretation of satellite data (Landsat TM-FCC 1:50,000 scale). However, there was difficulty in delineating agricultural/fallow lands by visual interpretation. But in computer aided digital analysis, in addition to all the seven vegetations identified through visual interpretation, agricultural fallow lands were identified and demarcated in view of better separability of tonal variations. Comparison of visual interpretation and digital analysis methods revealed that there was no significant difference between these two methods of analysis as far as total areal extent of the study area was concerned. However, there were differences between the two methods of analysis regarding the areal extent of different vegetation/forest types identified within the study area. If situations warrants use of single band data for vegetation studies, we can use band 5 data of Landsat TM as it was able to give better spectral separability among different vegetations.
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON UNIFORMITY IN SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Authors:   College of Agricultural Engeering,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, R.M PADMANABHAN
Published: July 2023

Field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of climatic factors over the uniformity of water distribution with sprinkler irrigation system. The influence of the climatic factors, viz, wind velocity, relative hymidity and atmospheric temperature over the uniformity coefficient was studied. Sixteen combinations of four nozzle diameters and four pressures were tried for each irrigation with ragi as test crop. It was found that wind velocity alone had high negative correlation with uniformity coefficient and the contribution of other factors was not significant.
A UTILIZAÇÃO JOGOS DIGITAIS PARA O FOMENTO DO CONHECIMENTO DA DISCIPLINA DE MANUTENÇÃO DE COMPUTADORES.
Authors: Hogê Sandro
Published: July 2023

Este trabalho tem o propósito de vislumbra a importância da relação teórica/prática
utilizando jogos digitais para o fortalecimento do conhecimento da disciplina de
manutenção de computadores. Abordaremos primeiramente qual a importância das
atividades práticas dentro do universo teórico em seguida argumentar os benefícios
dos jogos digitais como ferramenta de auxilio pedagógico dentro das instituições de
ensino e finalizamos exemplificando jogos digitais servem como alternativa para
instituições que não possuem um laboratório de informática para as atividades
práticas. Para a metodologia utilizaremos a qualitativa com uma abordagem
bibliográfica.
The effect of maternal anxiety levels on the transition period to complementary feeding
Authors: Koksal Ali Osman , Duyan Camurdan Aysu , Soysal Acar Sebnem , Baran Aksakal Nur , Cuhaci Cakir Bahar
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine whether the anxiety levels of mothers before and after complementary feeding (CF) initiation negatively affect the transition period of infants to CF.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted with 150 mothers and their infants of five months of age who had not yet started CF. Beck’s depression inventory, state-trait anxiety inventory, and a questionnaire were administered to mothers. The level of statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05 in this study.

Results: In this study, no statistically significant relationship was found between the transition period to CF and maternal anxiety levels (p>0.05). The relationship between eating snacks and inadequate weight gain was found significant (p=0.020).

Conclusions: In our study, the anxiety levels of the mothers did not increase in the CF period. Although there was no statistically significant, the presence of anxiety in mothers requires a unique approach and support for mothers and their infants.
Un mecanismo de integración: la participación de chilenos-judíos en política nacional
Authors: Navarro Rosenblatt Valeria
Published: July 2023

El articulo caracteriza la participación e integración de judíos en la política chilena. Remontándose a los primeros diputados electos en 1937 y siguiendo un enfoque cronológico, el trabajo reflexiona acerca de la manera en que la política se convirtió en un mecanismo por el cual numerosos judíos, provenientes de distintos países, regiones y culturas, pasaron a convertirse en “chilenos-judíos”. Asimismo, muestra su participación, reacción y consecuencias en los grandes eventos de la historia nacional, y su impacto en la vida de “chilenos-judíos”. El artículo propone que, desde su llegada hasta su integración como “chilenos-judíos”, la participación en política fue constante, identificable y tangible, evidenciándose de esa forma su compromiso con la sociedad chilena. Utilizando fuentes escritas, orales y memorias, se presenta un análisis testimonial, con rasgos prosopográficos, del proceso de transformación en “chilenos-judíos”.
“En cada repartimiento ha de aver un tucuirico”: el rol y representación del funcionario incaico conocido como tocuirico en el Gobierno del Perú de Juan de Matienzo, 1567
Authors: Ferreira Rubio Ignacio
Published: July 2023

El artículo tiene como objetivo comprender la propuesta de  restitución colonial del funcionario incaico conocido como tocuirico, realizada por el licenciado Juan de Matienzo en su obra Gobierno del Perú (1567). Con el fin de asimilar el marco de producción del escrito, se examina el contexto del virreinato peruano del siglo XVI. Se infiere que, producto de la constante inestabilidad sociopolítica en el Perú del periodo, Matienzo buscó la instauración de un buen gobierno. Para ello, Matienzo planteó modificar el aparato burocrático existente hasta entonces, proponiendo la inclusión del tocuirico como un miembro fundamental en su propuesta gubernamental. Metodológicamente, el trabajo se centró en descriptores presentes en documentos coloniales inéditos disponibles en la Biblioteca Nacional de España y el Archivo General de Indias. Junto con ello, se analizaron los trabajos de letrados de la época, como Betanzos, Cieza de León, Falcón y el propio licenciado Matienzo.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococus epidermidis Penyebab Bau Badan
Authors:   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Hariani Dia Isma , Hariadi Puspawan ,   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Azim Muhlisun
Published: July 2023

Bau badan merupakan masalah yang dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, salah satu penyebabnya adalah bakteri Staphylococus epidermidis. Salah satu tanaman yang diduga dapat mencegah bau badan adalah tanaman daun beluntas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun beluntas dengan uji flavonoid, terpenoid, dan fenolik serta uji antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococus epidermidis. Uji antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar tehnik sumuran menggunakan konsentrasi 40%, 80%, dan 100% dengan kontrol positif ciprofloxasin 50µg/ml dan kontrol negatif DMSO 10%. Hasil skrining menunjukkan ekstrak daun beluntas mengandung flavonoid, tanin, steroid, dan fenolik. Uji antibakteri menghasilkan diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada kelompok konsentrasi 40%, 80%, dan 100%, secara berurutan adalah 8,84 mm, 10,52 mm, dan 12,77 mm. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji One Way Annova didapatkan nilai signifikan p=0,000. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun beluntas mampu menghambat bakteri Staphylococus epidermidis dengan konsentrasi paling efektif yaitu konsentrasi 80% dan 100%.
Identifying the Factors that influence the Process Optimization of New Investment Appraisal
Authors: Edirisinghe Hansa Kumudapriya , Abeysekera Ruvan
Published: July 2023

The FDI approval process is one of the decisive factors of successful implementation of investments in a country. This paper attempts to identify the relationship and association between several factors that involves in new FDI appraisal process by the host country. It identifies factors such as global presence of the intended investor; the type of Industry; expected contribution from the investment; potential for gaining competence regarding human resource; expected developments in the country’s infrastructure. The study suggests that above factors are critical to the relevant authorities who involved in FDI promotion. This research also ranks these factors to make the conclusions more useful in the real-life application. It also highlights the number of employments generated for local workers under the new investment. The new investments bring additional knowledge, skills, and competence that usually not quantified at the appraisal level. The success rate of similar investment in other countries also to be critically evaluated. The findings of this research could be extremely useful for countries who wish to host FDIs. A clear understanding about the key influencing factors and their association with the investment appraisal process would be the key to optimize the process.
Effect of salinity on germination capacity of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.)
Authors: Amina Ben Ayed  , Echrak Aissa  , Faouzi Haouala
Published: July 2023

In Tunisia, more precisely in semi-arid and arid areas, drought accentuated by the superficial evaporation of water leads to a gradual increase in salinity, which is a limiting factor in crop production. In these highly salty ecosystems, some plants grow naturally; however, various species show different levels of tolerance to salinity during their development. The germination of the seeds is the most sensitive stage to this abiotic stress. The effect of this severe stress is little known among Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), which is a native species of natural vegetation of the Mediterranean region, well known for its medicinal, aromatic, forestry, ornamental and culinary properties, and rare in its natural habitat, often subject to overexploitation or threatened with risk of extinction in Tunisia. The objective of this work is to study the effects of different concentrations of NaCl of irrigation water on germination behavior of laurus nobilis L. The experiment was carried out in Tunis, the experimental design was entirely randomized with four treatments: 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl and five replications of 80 seeds, for each treatments. Salt stress caused a negative effect on the germination of laurel seeds especially for the highest concentrations of salt (150 mM NaCl).
Bean quality and taste of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) from Bale village on Halmahera Island, Indonesia
Authors: Bahtiar  , M Nasir Tamalene  , Suparman  , Yusmar Yusuf  , Slamet Haryadi
Published: July 2023

North Maluku is one of the provinces producing Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) in Indonesia. Although coffee production is smaller than in other provinces, coffee can be found in many locations in the provinces, namely Halmahera Island, Bacan, Obi, Tidore, and Ternate. Bale Village, located on Halmahera Island, is one of the villages in the Oba sub-district, Tidore Island. The village is known on Halmahera Island, Ternate Island, and the surrounding areas as a producer of coffee beans and coffee powder. Some of the people in the village live as farmers and home coffee entrepreneurs using traditional processing methods. The quality and taste of the coffee beans from smallholder coffee plantations from Halmahera Island, especially Bale Village, need to be studied to set the status of bean quality and taste of local coffee in Indonesia. This study is an effort to gain an initial illustration that will become a foundation for a comprehensive local coffee development in North Maluku. It will encourage resorts to generate local coffee with a unique taste that is widely known, favored by many people, and has the potential to be a Geographical Indicator (IG) of Halmahera coffee. The research result indicates that Robusta coffee beans from Bale Village Halmahera Island are free from live insects, not rotten or moldy, and do not contain foreign matters with moisture content meets the general requirement of SNI 01-2907-2008. The result of quality testing of Robusta coffee beans from Bale village is within the criteria of quality 4b in the SNI 01-2907-2008. The attributes of coffee taste consisting of fragrance/aroma, flavour, bitter/sweet, and mouthfeel/body are in an excellent category, whereas clean cup and uniformity are in an outstanding category. The final score and cup testing is 84.62, which is in the specialty coffee category.
Extended lipid profile and urine albumin-creatinine ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sanjay Kumar  , Madhur Yadav  , Ritika Sud  , Ghotekar L H  , Niharika Aggarwal  , Pragya  , Vineet Goel
Published: July 2023

Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder and has become the one of the most challenging global health problem of 21 st centuary. Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes and an established risk factor for cardiovascular events. Lipid abnormalities occur in patients with diabetic nephropathy, which further increase their risk for cardiovascular events. We aimed to research association between extended lipid profile and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), hypothesizing that early detection and treatment of lipid abnormalities can minimize the risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder and cerebrovascular accident in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A hospital based cross- sectional study was conducted on 48 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein-A (apo-A), apolipoprotein-B (apo-B), lipoprotein (a){Lp(a)} and urine-albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) evaluated. Patients taking steroids, any renal disease other than diabetic nephropathy and patients of uncontrolled hypertension were excluded from study. Based on UACR level patients were divided into three sub groups: normal (<30 mg/g), microalbumiuria (30-300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (>30 mg/g). Comparison between three subgroups of UACR and extended lipid profile was made using non parametric test (Kruskal Willis Test). Fisher’s exact test was used to explore the association between UACR and extended lipid profile. Result: 20.8% patients had UACR<30 mg/g, 54.2% patients had UACR:30-300 mg/g, 25.0% patients had UACR:≥300 mg/g; 62.5% patients had Lipoprotein(a): <30 mg/dl and 37.5% patients had Lipoprotein(a): > 30 mg/g. Significant association was found between UACR and Lipoprotein(a): · 100.0% of the patients with [UACR: <30 mg/g] had [Lipoprotein-a: <30mg/dL]. · 57.7% of the patients with [UACR: 30-300 mg/g] had [Lipoprotein-a: <30 mg/dL]. · 42.3% of the patients with [UACR: 30-300 mg/g] had [Lipoprotein-a: ≥30 mg/dL]. · 41.7% of the patients with [UACR: >300 mg/g] had [Lipoprotein-a: <30 mg/dL]. · 58.3% of the patients with [UACR: >300 mg/g] had [Lipoprotein-a: ≥30 mg/dL]. Conclusion: The study showed that diabetic nephropathy resulting in raised UACR has significant association with increased lipoprotein (a) and consequently increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Since Lipoprotein(a) investigation is not widely available, accessible and has varied estimation technique, UACR can be used as a marker of risk for ASCVD in place of Lipoprotein(a) in type 2 DM.
Investigation and mapping of the prevalence of “superbugs” Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Enugu metropolis in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Miriam G.U. Nwaneri  , Obinna C.D. Anejionu  , Udochi A. Ugo
Published: July 2023

Global public health is threatened by increasing incidence of Antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), usually referred to as “superbug, is a prominent AMR that is generating concerns across the world. They are resistant to commonly used antibiotics, thereby making treatment of common infections very difficult; resulting in prolonged illness and hospitalisation, disability and in some cases, death. Despite the concerns and threats posed by MRSA, studies of its prevalence in communities across Nigeria are scanty. Here, we investigated the prevalence of MRSA in the South East Nigeria using isolates obtained from two major hospitals in Enugu metropolis and a medical laboratory. The isolates were clinically identified from different specimens and pure isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using conventional antibiotics. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to analyse the anonymised three year MRSA records. This provided relevant insights on the spatial spread of MRSA in the city. This research serves as a first step towards modelling its spatial epidemiology in the region. Results indicated that cases of MRSA were widespread in the city. Majority of MRSA were resistant to the antibiotics indicating that they are multidrug-resistant (MDR). Spatiotemporal analyses conducted showed that incidence of MRSA was increasing by the year.
The antisickling effect of stem extracts of Costus afer
Authors: Blessing Ezinne Amaefula  , Reginald Nwazue Nwaoguikpe  , Chidi Uzoma Igwe
Published: July 2023

This research was geared towards investigating the antisickling effect of stem extracts of Costus afer. The antisickling effect of the stem extracts of Costus afer was investigated to determine and declare its potentiation. This work was approached by partitioning the extracts of Costus afer stem into; stem fat-soluble fraction (SFSF), stem ethanol-soluble fraction (SESF) and stem methanol-soluble fraction (SMSF). The phytochemical screening was qualitatively and quantitatively determined using standard GC-MS methods. The result shows the presence of twenty (20) different secondary metabolites with a wide range of functions. The amino acid profiles of the extracts revealed the presence of Phenylalanine, Arginine, Lysine, Serine, Methionine and others. Haemoglobin polymerization inhibition and the relative percent inhibition were estimated. The ethanol-soluble fraction (SESF), methanol-soluble fraction (SMSF) and fat-soluble fractions (SFSF) are 74.68 % ±0.00, 26.58 % ±0.00 and 22.78 % ±0.00 inhibition on HbSS polymerization, respectively. The percent improvement on Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio are: 96.64 ± 0.12, 66.14 ± 0.11 and 47.24 ± 0.03 for the fat-soluble fraction, methanol-soluble fraction and ethanol-soluble fractions, respectively. The total free amino acid values range from 776.15 ± 2.15 mg/50 g for the SMSF to 1,188.00 ±12.12 mg/50 g for the SFSF. The total vitamin C concentration of the samples expressed in mg/100 g is 297.59 ± 33.26. The results of this work show that stem extracts of Costus afer can be effectively used as phytomedical therapy for sickle cell disease management.
Design and analysis of helicopter rotor blades
Authors: Kolli Ramesh  , Macha Srikanth  , Palanati Swetha
Published: July 2023

Rotor blades of helicopters must be stiff and strong enough to maintain structural loads within working limits. The rotating cycles change the aerodynamic and structural stresses created by the blade revolution. In this project, you will discover the structural stresses of the blades as well as the vibration frequencies studied using the Ansys programme, taking into consideration environmental consequences. This material was tested utilising Kevlar 49, carbon-epoxy, and advanced carbon fibre composite materials and found to be a lightweight, high-strength, and long-lasting material. Solidworks software was used to create the design.
Ethical leadership and authentic leadership for improving innovative work behavior
Authors: Abdillah Ingsun Teduh Pangayom  , Amiartuti Kusmaningtyas
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Ethical Leadership and Authentic Leadership to improve Innovative Work Behaviour of employees of PT. JDDM in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Sampling in this study used a saturated sample in which all members of the population were used as research samples, namely 72 employees. This research is a quantitative research. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Ethical Leadership and Authentic Leadership Variables have an effect on Innovative Work Behaviour. This study adds to the discourse of scientific discussion related to the discussed Ethical Leadership, Authentic Leadership and Innovative Work Behaviour.