bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation
Authors: Ferguson Charlie , Mallory Adrian , Hutchings Paul , Remington Claire , Lloyd Erica , Kiogora Domenic , Anciano Fiona , Parker Alison
Published: September 2021

Container-based sanitation (CBS) is increasingly used to provide safely managed sanitation in low-income urban settlements. However, questions remain around the viability of scaling up the technology, partly because it relies on regular emptying and servicing of containers by a CBS provider. This paper investigates mechanisms by which this process can be achieved efficiently. Three separate collection strategies are evaluated for their routing efficiencies as CBS goes to scale. An open-source route optimisation solver determines the constituent driving and walking distances necessary for each strategy and has been applied in areas of Cape Town, Cap-Haïtien, Lima and Nairobi. The results indicate that with fewer users (e.g. 50) transfer station models offer the shortest driving routes. However, these do require users to carry their containers (e.g. up to 170 m when stations are 100 m apart). As the number of users increases (e.g. to 5,000), visiting individual houses from a neighbourhood depot offers increasingly efficient driving distances. Overall, however, the results suggest that economies in collection distances for scaled CBS will be largely conditional on greater vehicle capacity (rather than any particular provision strategy). This highlights the importance of road access throughout low-income urban settlements in providing a viable CBS service at scale.
Evaluating the impact of rainfall–runoff model structural uncertainty on the hydrological rating of regional climate model simulations
Authors: Dakhlaoui Hamouda , Djebbi Khalil
Published: September 2021

We propose to evaluate the impact of rainfall–runoff model (RRM) structural uncertainty on climate model evaluation, performed within a process-oriented framework using the RRM. Structural uncertainty is assessed with an ensemble approach using three conceptual RRMs (HBV, IHACRES and GR4J). We evaluate daily precipitation and temperature from 11 regional climate models forced by five general circulation models (GCM–RCMs), issued from EURO-CORDEX. The assessment was performed over the reference period (1970–2000) for five catchments situated in northern Tunisia. Seventeen discharge performance indexes were used to explore the representation of hydrological processes. The three RRMs performed well over the reference period, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values ranging from 0.70 to 0.90 and bias close to 0%. The ranking of GCM–RCMs according to hydrological performance indexes is more meaningful before the bias correction, which considerably reduces the differences between GCM- and RCM-driven hydrological simulations. Our results illustrate a strong similarity between the different RRMs in terms of raw GCM–RCM performances over the reference period for the majority of performance indexes, in spite of their different model structures. This proves that the structural uncertainty induced by RRMs does not affect GCM–RCM evaluation and ranking, which contributes to consolidate the RRM as a standard tool for climate model evaluation.
Influence of the hydrodynamic efforts on the efficiency of the regeneration of the granular filtering material in a water treatment plant
Authors: Bacharou Taofic , Worou Chabi Noël , Kanho Jesugnon Ezéchias , Guene Razack L.
Published: September 2021

This article aims to study the hydrodynamic conditions of the parameters that influence the removal of dirt particles and aggregates by the drainage of wash water into filter materials for better regeneration efficiency. The water treatment plant with a nominal capacity of 600 m3·h−1 is located in the city of Parakou in Benin. It appears that one of the causes of the poor performance of the methods used for water treatment is the insufficient value of the shear stresses of the movement created by the flow of washing water in the filter bed. The use of hydro-elevators and hydrocyclones for the removal of particles from the surface of the grains of the filtering material under hydraulic load makes it possible to reduce the quantity of remaining pollution respectively by 1.5 to 2.5 times compared with the combined washing of water and air. To this end, the performance of grain washing in the hydrocyclone is explained by the presence of centrifugal field, self-separation and the friction of the particles between themselves and on the wall of the apparatus. The regeneration of the filter material under the action of ultrasonic waves reduces the remainder of particles compared to washing with water and air about 6 times.
Insight into Recent Drug Discoveries against Trypanosomatids and
Plasmodium spp Parasites: New Metal-based Compounds
Authors: Scarim Cauê Benito , de Farias Renan Lira , Chiba Diego Eidy , Chin Chung Man
Published: September 2021

Scaffolds of metal-based compounds can act as pharmacophore groups in several
ligands to treat various diseases, including tropical infectious diseases (TID). In this
review article, we investigate the contribution of these moieties to medicinal inorganic
chemistry in the last seven years against TID, including American trypanosomiasis (Chagas
disease), human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness), leishmania, and
malaria. The most potent metal-based complexes are displayed and highlighted in figures,
tables and graphics; according to their pharmacological activities (IC50 > 10μM) against
Trypanosomatids and Plasmodium spp parasites. We highlight the current progresses and
viewpoints of these metal-based complexes, with a specific focus on drug discovery.
Research Progress in Predicting DNA Methylation Modifications and the Relation with Human Diseases
Authors: Ao Chunyan , Gao Lin , Yu Liang
Published: September 2021

DNA methylation is an important mode of regulation in epigenetic mechanisms, and it is one of the research foci in the field of epigenetics. DNA methylation modification affects a series of biological processes, such as eukaryotic cell growth, differentiation and transformation mechanisms, by regulating gene expression. In this review, we systematically summarized the DNA methylation databases, prediction tools for DNA methylation modification, machine learning algorithms for predicting DNA methylation modification, and the relationship between DNA methylation modification and diseases such as hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer. An in-depth understanding of DNA methylation mechanisms can promote accurate prediction of DNA methylation modifications and the treatment and diagnosis of related diseases.
Association of the MAOB rs1799836 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and APOE ε4 Allele in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Leko Mirjana B. , Perković Matea N. , Erjavec Gordana N. , Klepac Nataša , Štrac Dubravka Š. , Borovečki Fran , Pivac Nela , Hof Patrick R. , Šimić Goran
Published: September 2021

Background:

The dopaminergic system is functionally compromised in Alzheimer’s
Disease (AD). The activity of Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB), the enzyme involved in the degradation
of dopamine, is increased during AD. Also, increased expression of MAOB occurs in the
postmortem hippocampus and neocortex of patients with AD. The MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism
modulates MAOB transcription, consequently influencing protein translation and MAOB activity.
We recently showed that cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid β1-42 are decreased in patients
carrying the A allele in MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism.

Objective:

The present study compares MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism and APOE, the only confirmed
genetic risk factor for sporadic AD.

Methods:

We included 253 participants, 127 of whom had AD, 57 had mild cognitive impairment,
11 were healthy controls, and 58 suffered from other primary causes of dementia. MAOB and
APOE polymorphisms were determined using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays.

Results :

We observed that the frequency of APOE ε4/ε4 homozygotes and APOE ε4 carriers is significantly
increased among patients carrying the AA MAOB rs1799836 genotype.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that the MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism is a potential genetic
biomarker of AD and a potential target for the treatment of decreased dopaminergic transmission
and cognitive deterioration in AD.
“Big Three” Infectious Diseases: Tuberculosis, Malaria and HIV/AIDS
Authors: Makam Parameshwar , Matsa Ramkishore
Published: September 2021

Infectious diseases have been evolving and re-evolving over the ages and causing immense
misery to humans. Among them, some have been prevented and eradicated, but few are still threatening
the modern era since their origin. The majority of these infectious diseases are poverty-driven,
hence highly prevalent in the lower-income and mid-income countries of Africa and Asia. The
world’s deadliest infections, including Tuberculosis, Malaria and HIV/AIDS, have been considered as
the “Big Three” infectious diseases (BTIDs). With leading infections and deaths every year, the
BTIDs have been recognized as the world’s greatest pandemics. In light of these alarming situations,
this review has been aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of chemotherapeutics,
associated challenges and future perspectives of BTIDs.
The Role of Neuroglial Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alzheimer’s
Disease
Authors: Abd-Elrahman Khaled S. , Sarasija Shaarika , Ferguson Stephen S.G.
Published: September 2021

:

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain exerts its effects via both
ionotropic glutamate receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). There are three
subgroups of mGluRs, pre-synaptic Group II and Group III mGluRs and post-synaptic Group I
mGluRs. mGluRs are ubiquitously expressed in the brain and their activation is poised upstream of
a myriad of signaling pathways, resulting in their implication in the pathogenesis of various
neurodegenerative diseases including, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). While the exact mechanism of
AD etiology remains elusive, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles remain
the histopathological hallmarks of AD. Though less electrically excitable, neuroglia are a major
non-neuronal cell type in the brain and are composed of astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes.
Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes provide structural and metabolic support, active
immune defence, and axonal support and sheathing, respectively. Interestingly, Aβ and
hyperphosphorylated tau are known to disrupt the neuroglial homeostasis in the brain, pushing them
towards a more neurotoxic state. In this review, we discuss what is currently known regarding the
expression patterns of various mGluRs in neuroglia and how Aβ and tau alter the normal mGluR
function in the neuroglia and contribute to the pathophysiology of AD.
Heterogeneity Analysis of Chest CT Predict Individual Prognosis of
COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Bei , Gao Lichen , Zhang Jian , Qiu Huaiming , Huang Wencai
Published: September 2021

Background:

Ground-glass Opacity (GGO) and Consolidation Opacity (CLO) are the
common CT lung opacities, and their heterogeneity may have potential for prognosis ofcoronavirus
disease-19 (COVID-19) patients.

Objective:

This study aimed to estimate clinical outcomes in individual COVID-19 patients using
histogram heterogeneity analysis based on CT opacities.

Methods:

71 COVID-19 cases’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed from a designated
hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 24th to February 28th at the early stage of the pandemic.
Two characteristic lung abnormity opacities, GGO and CLO, were drawn on CT images to identify
the heterogeneity using quantitative histogram analysis. The parameters (mean, mode, kurtosis, and
skewness) were derived from histograms to evaluate the accuracy of clinical classification and outcome
prediction. Nomograms were built to predict the risk of death and median length of hospital
stays (LOS), respectively.

Results:

A total of 57 COVID-19 cases were eligible for the study cohort after excluding 14 cases.
The highest lung abnormalities were GGO mixed with CLO in both the survival populations (26 in
42, 61.9%) and died population (10 in 15, 66.7%). The best performance heterogeneity parameters
to discriminate severe type from mild/moderate counterparts were as follows: GGO_skewness: specificity=
66.67%, sensitivity=78.12%, AUC=0.706; CLO_mean: specificity=70.00%, sensitivity=
76.92%, and AUC=0.746. Nomogram based on histogram parameters can predict the individual
risk of death and the prolonged median LOS of COVID-19 patients. C-indexes were 0.763 and
0.888 for risk of death and prolonged median LOS, respectively.

Conclusion:

Histogram analysis method based on GGO and CLO has the ability for individual risk
prediction in COVID-19 patients.
Big Data for Treatment Planning: Pathways and Possibilities for Smart
Healthcare Systems
Authors: Khan Samiya , Banday Shoaib Amin , Alam Mansaf
Published: September 2021

Background:

Treatment planning is one of the crucial stages of healthcare assessment
and delivery. Moreover, it also has a significant impact on patient outcomes and system efficiency.
With the evolution of transformative healthcare technologies, most areas of healthcare have started
collecting data at different levels, as a result of which there is a splurge in the size and complexity
of health data being generated every minute.

Introduction:

This paper explores the different characteristics of health data with respect to big data.
Besides this, it also classifies research efforts in treatment planning on the basis of the informatics
domain being used, which includes medical informatics, imaging informatics and translational
bioinformatics.

Method:

This is a survey paper that reviews existing literature on the use of big data technologies
for treatment planning in the healthcare ecosystem. Therefore, a qualitative research methodology
was adopted for this work.

Results:

Review of existing literature has been analyzed to identify potential gaps in research, identifying
and providing insights into high prospect areas for potential future research.

Conclusion:

The use of big data for treatment planning is rapidly evolving, and findings of this research
can head start and streamline specific research pathways in the field.
Microwave-assisted Palladium-catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalizations Towards the Synthesis of Bio-inspired Heterocycles
Authors: Saha Moumita , Das Asish R.
Published: September 2021

C-C or C-heteroatom bond formation from direct C-H bond activation of several heteroarenes
containing suitable directing groups has now emerged as an efficient and straightforward
strategy for the design of complex heterocyclic molecules as well as their late-stage functionalization.
The most common problem of several C-H bond activation reactions is high temperature,
long reaction time and unwanted side reactions where recent examples of MW assisted C-H
bond activation showed the requirements of low temperature and short completion time and thus
proved its efficacy in terms of heating effect and conversion rate of conventional heating methods.
The schemes discussed in the present review depict the reaction conditions along with a look into
the mechanism involved to render a deep understanding of the catalytic role of palladiumcatalysis.
In some examples, the optimization procedure of the corresponding strategy has been
illustrated through tables, i.e., choice of catalyst, solvent screening, loading of the catalyst and
percentage yield with different substrates. Each of the described illustrations has been analyzed
considering a wide variety of reactants, reaction conditions, and transition metals employed as the
catalyst. This review definitely allows to introduce the synthetic chemists in understanding the
challenges associated with the previous methods as well as their drawbacks and future opportunities
in choosing substrates, catalyst and reaction conditions. This review would be alluring to a
wider range of synthetic chemists in academia and industrial R&D sectors working with heterocyclic
chemistry. In this short perspective, an outline of recent eloquent examples of a variety of palladium-
catalyzed C-H bond activation involving bio-oriented heterocycles achieved in the past ten
years is nicely presented and the pros and cons of each strategy are highlighted so that the researchers
could get enough scope for further designing and modification of developed protocols.
Analysis of Data Point Cloud Preprocessing and Feature Angle Detection Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Feng , Dhiman Gaurav
Published: September 2021

Background:

The two main stages are utilized for feature extraction, from which the first
stage consists of a penalty weight to the neighbor graph’s edges. The edge penalty weights are minimized
by the neighbor sub-graph extraction to produce the set of feature patterns. For noisy data,
the second stage is helpful.

Methodology:

In order to realize the measurement of the geometric dimensions of the ship block,
this paper uses the theory of computer vision and reverse engineering to obtain the data of the segmented-
hull with the method of digitizing the physical parts based on the vision, and processes the
data by using the relevant knowledge of reverse engineering.

Result:

The results show that the efficiency of the edge extraction algorithm based on mathematical
morphology is 30% higher than that of the mesh generation method. An adaptive corner detection
algorithm based on the edge can adaptively determine the size of the support area and accurately
detect the corner position.

Conclusion:

According to the characteristics of the point cloud of ship hull segment data, an adaptive
corner detection algorithm based on the edge is adopted to verify its feasibility.
Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus in children
Authors: Çelikel Elif , Ekici Tekin Zahide , Aydın Fatma , Kurt Tuba , Kaplan Melike , Karagöl Cüneyt , Sezer Müge , Tekgöz Nilüfer , Coşkun Serkan , Acar Banu , Çakar Nilgün
Published: September 2021

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common multisystemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and multiorgan system involvement. The aim of this study was to describe the presenting clinical manifestations, laboratuary findings, clinical course and prognosis of SLE in children.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study patients with SLE, diagnosed before the age of 18 years. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from initial admission to study initiation.
Results: Thirty-five children and adolescents SLE (cSLE) were recorded, 85.7% of female. The median age at disease onset was 12(range 4-17) years, and median follow up duration was 5 (1-14) years. The most common clinical feature was arthritis (65.1%), followed by constitutional symptoms (48.6%), malar rash (31.4%), photosensitivity (5.7%), alopecia (5.7%) and oral ulcers (5.7%). Renal involvement accounted 4/5 of the patients (80%). Hematuria and proteinuria were the most frequent presenting findings (48.5% and 45.7% respectively). Renal biopsy was performed in 27 patients. According to WHO classification: 1 patient had classV nephritis, 10 had class IV, 4 had class III and 12 had class II nephritis. 20% of children developed neurologic symptoms. One patient died during the follow-up period. At the last follow up none of the patients had renal failure but, proteinuria persisted in 4 of them (11.4%). All neurological findings of patients are in remission apart from sequelae.
Conclusion: Clinical outcome was favorable in our patients. Renal involvement is common but progression to end stage kidney disease, at least in the short term, is rare.
Critical Analysis of Nusantara Culture-Based Counseling: Professional Counseling Crisis Phenomenon by Counselor
Authors: Irani Luthfita Cahya
Published: September 2021

The quality of counselor performance can be seen from the implementation of professional counseling that is complete and effective. On the other side, Indonesian counselors are struggling with Permendikbud No. 111 of 2014, which provides professional services at a ratio that approves a counselor serving 150 students. This makes it necessary for a counseling model that has a simpler, more concise procedure and immediately shows effective results accompanied by a load of cultural awareness in the implementation process. What has happened so far is that Indonesian counselors are still trapped in counseling models born from Western philosophy, not in accordance with the cultural, social and cultural diversity of Indonesia which often results in incomplete counseling processes. KIPAS counseling is a model of local culture-based counseling, making it effective to be applied in Indonesian counseling services. The reality that appears at this time is, the need for the amount of completion of the counseling implementation completely and effectively and is full of cultural understanding as the point of view of Indonesian counselors. This article uses a qualitative approach with a critical analytical method that aims to criticize the KIPAS counseling content that is reviewed based on the reality of the implementation of professional counseling by counselors in
Analysis of underachieving students’ problems and the given guidance
Authors: Supendi Rosna Pentiaratih
Published: September 2021

Student learning success can be seen from academic achievement. However, not all students can achieve maximum performance despite having a high IQ score. Many of the students do not show optimal results or they are usually called underachievers. Many backgrounds affect underachieving students. This study used descriptive statistical methods of 38 students of class X of SMK-SMAK Bogor to analyze the problem of underachieving students. The research results show that guidance is needed for underachieving students to be able to overcome their problem and obtain optimal learning achievement.
Community counseling: an opportunity and challenge (Indonesian and American perspective)
Authors: Astuti Budi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to explore the opportunity and challenge of implementing community counseling from Indonesian and American perspective. This article used a literature study approach. The literature study was conducted by reviewing books, journals, and research results publications from 2000 to 2017 and previous publications related to community counseling. Data analysis techniques in this study are quantitative data analysis techniques and qualitative data analysis techniques. This article concluded that the possible opportunity that can be applied to meet the challenge faced in achieving the optimization of the implementation of community counseling in Indonesia and America. Community counseling in the Indonesian perspective has the opportunity to be applied in formal and non-formal setting, but the challenge needs to be the provision of professional human resource and system support. Community counseling in the American perspective has the opportunity for rapid development in non-formal setting, but the challenge lies in the complexity of cultural issue and group identity. Keywords: community counseling, opportunity, challenge
THE ROLE OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS AS SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FORMATION AND POPULARIZATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MEMORY (ZHOUCOUDIAN MUSEUM, CHINA)
Authors: MARKINA LIZA
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the role of historical and archaeological museums as public institutions in the formation and promotion of historical and cultural memory in modern conditions of constant change: from the functions of museums through technology to public expectations and needs of the audience. The historical and archaeological museum is considered a socio-cultural institution that fulfills the mission of preserving, broadcasting, and interpreting historical and cultural memory. Based on the properties of historical and cultural memory defined by the author, the functions of museums are established, which ensure its preservation, transition, and interpretation. The article analyzes the dependence of the functions of historical and archaeological museums on changes in the field of communications, technological integration, and the post-epidemic crisis. Given that education and culture are the greatest values of mankind, the author considers one of the main tasks of historical and archaeological museums in the education and cultural de-velopment of society based on historical and cultural heritage. And hence the concept of modern historical and archaeological museums is considered in the direction of scientific and socio-cultural centers.
REPRESSIVE-PUNITIVE ACTIVITY OF “TROIKA” ATTACHED TO THE STATE POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UKRAINIANS’ GENOCIDE
Authors: STASIUK OLESIA
Published: September 2021

The repressive-punitive activity of the DPU’s “Troika” as an extrajudicial body was analyzed in the article. Their involvement into the Ukrainians’ genocide during 1932-1933-s was proved by the archival documents. New historical sources that proved a role of “Troika” of the State political administration of the Ukrainian SSR (DPU of the Ukrainian SSR) as a repressive-punitive body were introduced into scientific usage for the first time. The author has used historical-systematic method, critical analysis of the sources, problem-chronological, typological analysis as well as synthesis and generalization that permit to understand a role of “troika” as a crucial instrument in the planned, systematically organized criminal campaign of grain procurement as well as in the struggle of the communist regime with acts of resistance (real or fabricated by the body of the DPU). Extrajudicial punishment with “Troika’s” involvement was demonstrated to be a tool for suppression of the national-liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people at the beginning of 1920-s in Ukraine. According to implementation of the NEP and suppression of the resistance movement, the activity of “Troikas” was ceased by a relevant order of the CPC of the Ukrainian SSR, however, it was renewed at the beginning of grain procurement campaign, and total collectivization. At that time “Troikas” should decongest the judicial branch of the United State Political Administration (ODPU) and Special Council of the ODPU from rebels and other “counter-revolutionary elements” presented by the central office and local authorities.
Исследование относительной реакционной способности ароматических соединений в воздухе под действием плазмы импульсного разряда
Authors: Филатов И.Е. , Уварин В.В. , Кузнецов Д.Л.
Published: September 2021

Based on the method of competing reactions, a method for determining the relative reactivity of aromatic vapors in relation to the plasma components of a pulsed corona discharge is developed. The parameters of the relative reactivity of aromatic compounds in the air and nitrogen stream were obtained using model mixtures based on benzene, toluene, and xylene with a content of 250-500 ppm. The effect of water vapor on the process is shown. The obtained data will be useful for optimizing the processes of plasma-chemical air purification from the vapors of toxic aromatic compounds.
Электрофизические и тепловые параметры плазменной струи атмосферного давления в гелии при возбуждении синусоидальным и импульсным напряжением
Authors: Гугин П.П. , Закревский Д.Э. , Милахина Е.В.
Published: September 2021

Comparative studies of generation of cold plasma jet of atmospheric pressure in helium when excited by sinusoidal voltage and unipolar positive pulses at 2-6 kV for medical applications have been conducted. It is shown that the achieved parameters are identical, but the absence of the effect of frequency self-organization of streamer breakdown leading to irregularity in streamer propagation under pulse excitation makes it preferable in biophysical experiments. A limiting factor for plasma jet exposure is the achievable target temperature, which can be reduced by limiting the duration of the current.
Delivering Mental Health Care Virtually During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Evaluation of Provider Experiences in a Scaled Context (Preprint)
Authors: Budhwani Suman , Fujioka Jamie Keiko , Chu Cherry , Baranek Hayley , Pus Laura , Wasserman Lori , Vigod Simone , Martin Danielle , Agarwal Payal , Mukerji Geetha
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Virtual care delivery within mental health has increased rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding facilitators and challenges to adoption and perceptions of the quality of virtual care when delivered at scale can inform service planning postpandemic.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to understand consistent facilitators and persistent challenges to adoption of virtual care and perceived impact on quality of care in an initial pilot phase prior to the pandemic and then during scaled use during the pandemic in the mental health department of an ambulatory care hospital.

METHODS

This study took place at Women’s College Hospital, an academic ambulatory hospital located in Toronto, Canada. We utilized a multimethods approach to collect quantitative data through aggregate utilization data of phone, video, and in-person visits prior to and during COVID-19 lockdown measures and through a provider experience survey administered to mental health providers (n=30). Qualitative data were collected through open-ended questions on provider experience surveys, focus groups (n=4) with mental health providers, and interviews with clinical administrative and implementation hospital staff (n=3).

RESULTS

Utilization data demonstrated slower uptake of video visits at launch and prior to COVID-19 lockdown measures in Ontario (pre-March 2020) and subsequent increased uptake of phone and video visits during COVID-19 lockdown measures (post-March 2020). Mental health providers and clinic staff highlighted barriers and facilitators to adoption of virtual care at the operational, behavioral, cultural, and system/policy levels such as required changes in workflows and scheduling, increased provider effort, provider and staff acceptance, and billing codes for physician providers. Much of the described provider experiences focused on perceived impact on quality of mental health care delivery, including perceptions on providing appropriate and patient-centered care, virtual care effectiveness, and equitable access to care for patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Continued efforts to enhance suggested facilitators, reduce persistent challenges, and address provider concerns about care quality based on these findings can enable a hybrid model of patient-centered and appropriate care to emerge in the future, with options for in-person, video, and phone visits being used to meet patient and clinical needs as required.
Accessibility and public information of medical students’ Facebook profiles in Peru: A call to adapt e-professionalism guidelines in the Latin American context (Preprint)
Authors: Aragón-Ayala Carlos Jesús , Rodriguez-Carrillo Henry , Cornejo-Estrada Aldor , Quispe-Juli Cender Udai
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Use of Facebook has increased and poses new challenges for adoption of professionalism. In this study we describe the accessibility of Facebook profiles in medical students, the disclosure of personal and professional information, and its association with sex and year of study.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore the public accessibility of Facebook profiles of medical students from a Peruvian university and the disclosure of personal and professional information, as well as its association with sex and the year of studies.

METHODS

Through a systematic search on Facebook, the profiles of medical students from the 2nd to the 7th year were located using fictitious profiles. The presence of different types of information in accessible profiles were evaluated. Furthermore, the proportion of the disclosed content was calculated. The data were compared according to year of study and sex.

RESULTS

80% of students (488/611) presented publicly accessible profiles. We did not find a significant difference according year of study (p = 0.098) and sex (p = 0.912). Proportion of disclosed content was greater in higher years: 2nd and 3rd (p = 0.022), 2nd and 6th (p < 0.001), and 2nd and 7th (p = 0.002) and in men (33.25 ± 12.47) compared to women (30.38 ± 11.95) (p = 0.01). Some photos (p = 0.009) and links to other social networking sites (p = 0.036) were more commonly visible in women’s profiles, while showing the university (p = 0.017), medical school (p = 0.043) and sexual orientation (p = 0.001) was more common amongst men.

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the Facebook profiles of medical students were accessible, the disclosed content was greater in senior and male students. It is necessary to create and implement guidelines on e-professionalism in Latin America.
Uncovering Important Drivers of the Increase in the Use of Virtual Care Technologies in Nursing Care: Quantitative Analysis From the 2020 National Survey of Canadian Nurses (Preprint)
Authors: Beauséjour Waldo , Hagens Simon
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Canadian nurses are at the forefront of patient care delivery. Although the use of digital health technologies for care delivery is gaining momentum in Canada, nurses are encouraged to integrate virtual care into their practice. In early 2020, more Canadian nurses delivered care virtually compared with 3 years ago.

OBJECTIVE

This study seeks to uncover the professional characteristics of Canadian nurses accessing virtual care in 2020, understand how these characteristics differ across types of technologies, investigate whether the nurses accessing virtual care possess the skills and knowledge needed to use these technologies, and determine the important drivers of the uptake of virtual care observed in 2020.

METHODS

We used data from the 2017 and 2020 National Survey of Canadian Nurses. This survey collected data on the use of digital health technologies in nursing practice. It concerned regulated nursing professionals working in different health care settings and from different domains of nursing practice. We combined the chi-square independence test and logistic regression analysis to uncover the most relevant drivers of virtual care uptake by nurses in 2020.

RESULTS

In early 2020, before the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses who delivered care virtually were predominantly nurse practitioners (135/159, 84.9%) and more likely to work in a primary or community care setting (202/367, 55%) and in an urban setting (194/313, 61.9%). Factors such as nursing designation (P<.001), perceived quality of care at the health facility where the nurses practiced (P<.001), and the type of patient record–keeping system they had access to (P=.04) had a statistically significant effect on the probability of nurses to deliver care virtually in early 2020. Furthermore, nurses’ perception of the quality of care they delivered through virtual technologies was statistically associated with their perception of the skills (χ24=308.7; P<.001) and knowledge (χ24=283.4; P<.001) to use these technologies.

CONCLUSIONS

This study emphasizes the critical importance of nursing designation, geographic location, and type of patient record–keeping system in predicting virtual care integration in nursing practice. The findings related to geographic location can be used by decision-makers for better allocation of digital health resources among care settings in rural and urban areas. Similarly, the disparities observed across nursing designations have some implications for the digital training of nurses at all levels of practice. Finally, the association between electronic medical record use and uptake of virtual care could accelerate the implementation of more modernized record-keeping systems in care settings. Hence, this could advance interoperability and improve health care delivery.
Kontrak Sosial menurut Immanuel Kant: Kontekstualisasinya dengan Penegakan HAM di Indonesia
Authors: Pesurnay Althien John
Published: September 2021

This article addresses the sensitive topic of human rights issues in Indonesia through a Kantian analysis. Cases of human rights violations are a common occurrence in Indonesia. Presently, human rights violations in the country are assessed from historical and legal perspectives. However, there is little commitment or willingness on the part of the Indonesian government to protect and defend the principles of human rights. This article is attempts to utilize arguments from political philosophy that can contextualize the protection and implementation of human rights in Indonesia, through an analysis of  the concept of social contract in Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy. According to Kant, freedom and equality are natural rights. This article demonstrates that Kant's social contract theory is linear with his formal moral philosophy. In his explanation, ‘contract’ is unified will. Therefore, the Indonesian state with its power is responsible to implement the will of the public to ensure order and rule of law and to protect the rights and freedom of each individual.
Design and Analysis of Lightweight Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Military Usage
Authors: Raut Sumit
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Nowadays, due to technological advancement, weapons are becoming smaller in size, which leads to the number of weapons carried by a single person increasing. As the number of weapons is increasing, then the capacity of the load carriage system of military personnel causes a great energy loss to carry weight. Also, carrying a weight of about 25 kg to 50 kg in different terrain causes different foot injuries which create a strain on the human body. An exoskeleton is a device used to replicate the motion of the human body so that humans can be used to control mechanical power for working on different operations which are beyond human strength. The exoskeleton technology makes it possible to reduce the energy loss of military personnel to produce controlled motion of the exoskeleton in different terrain. Hence, this project is aims to design a lower limb exoskeleton for carrying military load carriage systems. The designing and simulating the lower limb exoskeleton is done on fusion 360. Keywords: lower limb exoskeleton, military exoskeleton, exoskeleton design, exoskeleton analysis
THE MEDICAL PHYSICIST - SCIENTIST BEHIND THE CURTAIN
Authors: Luharia Anurag A.
Published: September 2021

Ionizing radiation has validated its existence and effectiveness in modern medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic use. For the last decade rapid growth in medical radiation application has witnessed in India towards the betterment of mankind, for safe and quality clinical practice, radiation protection and quality assurance. At the end of the 19th century Physics brought paradigm shift in the field of radiation-based medical diagnosis and treatment and giving rise to the modern medical physicist profession and revolutionized the practice of medicine. Medical Physicists are the scientists with Post graduation / PhD degrees, and certified from A.E.R.B as Radiological Safety Officer, deals with utilization of Physics knowledge in developing not only lifesaving tools & technology but also diagnosis and treatments of various medical conditions that help humans live longer and healthier. Medical Physicists are responsible to carry out the commissioning, establishment of entire Radiation facility and get the clearance of statutory compliances form authorities in order to start the clinical practice are also responsible for research, developing and evaluating new analytical techniques, planning and ensuring safe and accurate treatment of patients also provide advice about radiation protection, training and updating healthcare, scientific and technical staff , managing radiotherapy quality assurance program, mathematical modeling ,maintaining equipment ,writing reports, teaching ,laboratory management and administration. Now it’s a time to raise the curtain from the Medical Physics profession and utilize their services up to maximum extent in the field of scientific research, academic, teaching, diagnosis, treatment and safety.
The youth’s perceptions of the labor market in Russia, China and Germany: A comparative analysis
Authors: Savenkova A. S.
Published: September 2021

The study of the specifics of professional choice and of the factors that determine labor orientations of the youth is one of the urgent sociological tasks for researchers all over the world. The universal, supranational nature of this task under globalization explains the need to compare labor orientations of the Russian youth with their foreign peers. The article aims at assessing the basic ideas about the labor market of the youth in Russia, Germany and China. The empirical part of the article is presented by the survey and interviews of the Russian, German and Chinese youth. The author considers typical problems that the young professionals face when searching for a job, their opinions on the most important work qualities, similarities and differences in the perception of the ideal worker. Young people in Russia, Germany and China name different aspects of working life as the most important: Russian respondents value wages and the stability of organization more than the Chinese and especially German. On the other hand, German and Chinese students prefer activities that reveal personal creativity and leave space for personal life. Considering social capital, unlike their peers from Germany and China, Russian respondents do not associate the fact of having a university diploma with potential success in the labor market. More often than the Chinese and Germans respondents, the Russian youth mention nepotism and corruption as an obstacle to successful employment. Among the similar social perceptions of the respondents from three countries, one can name the difficulties associated with the lack of work experience. The interaction of educational institutions and employers can help in overcoming the difficulties that the young Russians face when searching for a job.
Zero net emissions goals: Challenges for boards
Authors: Grove Hugh , Clouse Maclyn
Published: September 2021

The major research purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges for boards of directors concerning their responsibilities to assess and track their companies’ commitments to zero net emissions goals and performances. A major challenge for boards is to determine whether their companies are sincerely trying to reach zero net emissions or just doing greenwashing, i.e., just making commitments or pledges without any substantial subsequent performance. This literature-search research broadens previous research on companies’ commitments to renewable energy (Grove & Clouse, 2021) to zero net emissions goal commitments and related boards’ monitoring responsibilities, especially to avoid greenwashing. This study also extends previous research on climate change risks and opportunities (Grove, Clouse, & Xu, 2021) to develop and establish board challenges for zero net emissions goals with the following sections: overview of climate risk, current climate lawsuits and board risks, EU climate law, carbon inserts, carbon offsets, carbon credits for agriculture, climate disclosure metrics, global bank greenwashing, and conclusions. The International Organization of Securities Commissions Organization (IOSCO) includes 90% of the public market security regulators in the world and has established a working group that should establish climate disclosure metrics for public companies. Climate disclosure metrics are relevant and needed to help stakeholders, including boards, assess company climate performances, opportunities, and risks.
Impacto económico de los Pueblos Mágicos desde la perspectiva de los ciudadanos: Izamal, Yucatán
Authors: González Herrera Karina Concepción , Castillo Gallegos Aurea Licet , Gómez-Galaz Karla Gabriela , Negrón-Noh José Jesús Hernán
Published: September 2021

El municipio de Izamal ha presentado un dinamismo importante desde el nombramiento efectuado en 2002 como Pueblo Mágico por la Secretaría de Turismo. Esta circunstancia condujo a una transición económica del municipio, lo cual ha impactado en la economía y en las actividades que realiza la ciudadanía, siendo estas escasamente abordadas para la implementación de acciones que incidan en el crecimiento económico del municipio.
Objetivo. identificar el impacto económico que representa el distintivo de Pueblo Mágico desde la perspectiva de la ciudadanía.
El método integrado es de corte cuantitativo descriptivo, considerando el 95% de confianza para la determinación del tamaño muestral, con respecto a los instrumentos recabados; un 0,051 relativo al error de estimación, con una proporción a favor (p) y en contraparte (q) del 0,5, respectivamente.
La población ha transitado primeramente de las actividades económicas tradicionales a la oferta de servicios, cuya dirección es la actividad turística. Del mismo modo, se observó una mejoría en la infraestructura física de los edificios de la zona centro de la localidad, la economía inmersa desempeñó un papel fundamental con la participación de los empresarios, comerciantes y principalmente de la población (ciudadanía) en conjunto. La afluencia turística representa beneficios económicos susceptibles para la economía de la población.
Se identificó que el comercio de artesanías en 2021 no destaca un incremento significativo con relación al 2019, contrariamente al comercio de ropa típica y de los servicios de alimentos, como productos dirigidos hacia el turismo, que permiten la mejoría de ingresos de los ciudadanos.
Conclusión. La difusión es un elemento fundamental para dar a conocer las acciones dirigidas hacia los ciudadanos del Programa Pueblos Mágicos que inciden en resultados tangibles para ellos.
Contribuye a la generación de propuestas encaminadas a mejorar la percepción del programa y la implicación de la ciudadanía en él.
Evaluation of the in vitro growth of perolera pineapple (Ananas comosus) explants using organogenesis technique
Authors: Chacin Zambrano Christian Andrei , Quintero Avila Yessica Paola , Rodríguez González Leydy Gabriela , Gómez Santos Johanna Alexandra
Published: September 2021

From an economic standpoint, pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most important fruits in Colombia. A decade ago, the Perolera variety was the most cropped cultivar of the Santander department, however, the variety has been displaced considerably due to the lack of technical extension services and theintroduction of new varieties. This research project was carried out with the intention to conserve the speciesthrough the development of in vitro pineapple explants using the organogenesis technique. Meristemsthat have been extracted from the crown of the Perolera pineapple variety were used for this purpose. Four disinfectant treatments were evaluated by looking at the different kinds of disinfectant exposure times.The treatment that gave the best results in terms of contaminant-free explants was the T2: Commercialdetergent + Tween 80 for 8 minutes, ethyl alcohol at 70% for 1 minute and sodium hypochlorite at 1,5% over10 minutes, with a contamination rate of 7% and 93% of the explants thriving. For the establishment phase,it was found that the medium MS MEP1 with 100% solid salts supplemented with 2000 ul/L BAP - 1000 ul/L ANA - 1000 ul/L AIA and 500 ul/L thiamine enabled 90 % of the pineapple explants to continue developing four weeks after planting. Similarly, the medium containing 3000 ul/L of BAP for the multiplication phase permitted an average proliferation of 4.62 shoots with 9.12 leaves per shoot and a length of 2.25 mm.