bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation as Necessity: TE Rarawa and the Challenges of Multi-Purpose Research
Authors: Henwood Wendy , Harris Aroha
Published: February 2017

Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa, like other iwi organisations, strives for seamlessness and holism in its operations. Yet, much of its work is characterised by compartmentalisation of, for example, funding, service provision, service contracts, government agencies and policymaking. In 2006, compartmentalisation of research presented itself as a problem to the Rūnanga when four projects appeared on its workload, simultaneously separate and joined. What separated the projects was that each was funded from a different source, and therefore carried different contractual obligations and reporting requirements, let alone different sets of iwi expectations. What joined the projects were the broad goals of whānau and hapū development, preparation for a post-settlement iwi environment, and research: one project was entirely a research project, and the others either included a defined research component or stood to benefit from being informed by research. The challenge for Te Rarawa was, in effect, to reclaim the research, to repackage its goals for iwi purposes, and to reinstate the principles of seamlessness and holism to its design, and to do that while also meeting the disparate contractual obligations derived from either an academic or governmental ‘compartment’. The result was Ngā Tāhuhu o te Taiao, both a conceptual umbrella under which the projects could gather, drawn together by ideological lines of ancestry and tikanga implicit in the t_huhu, and a comprehensive, structured framework that wed the research to the Rūnanga's processes and programmes of work.

This paper shares some of the research stories arising from Ngā Tāhuhu o Te Taiao, and reflects on how it negotiated the methodological quagmire invoked. It discusses the challenges of aligning the research with iwi goals, and broadening research to include, for instance, investment in developing community interviewers and researchers. It considers the strategies used to introduce a multi-layered, multi-purpose research project to people suffering from research fatigue or carrying the scars of past research harm. A work in progress, Ngā Tāhuhu has faced some weighty problems, including questions about the extent to which the conjoined research goals of iwi and the academy and the relevant funding agencies may, in fact, be treated as methodologically compatible: can one research project really rule them all? So far the project has carefully navigated the dynamic of blending academic approaches and research goals with the research goals and community development values of whānau and hapū. Among the tensions and obstacles, of what often feels like uncharted waters, is a confidence that in projects like Ngā Tāhuhu research excellence demands excellent outcomes for whānau and hapū development. Moreover, success and effectiveness of the research ought to be measured – in part at least – by its direct, practical contributions to iwi development, as set by iwi goals. It is a measure that makes innovation not only desirable, but necessary.
From Vale (Ignorance) to ‘ILO (Knowledge) to Poto (Skill) the Tongan Theory of Ako (Education): Theorising Old Problems Anew
Authors: Māhina Hūfanga ‘Okusitino
Published: February 2017

This original essay is an attempt to contribute to the thematic concerns of the inaugural conference, which involved a critique of long-standing yet largely unexplored problematics inherent in Pasifika education in the university, focusing on both teaching and learning by Pasifika peoples. Given that Pasifika education on all levels, including university education, is strictly but enforcedly Western-constituted in form, content and function, I set out here to examine critically many of the associated problems, critiquing them in the immediate context of the Tongan theory of education, as well as other closely-related theories, in the broader context of my newly-developed tā-vā (time-space) theory of reality. In doing so, such connected problems are critiqued at the interface of Pasifika and Western cultures, where the underlying formal, substantial and functional conflicts within and between them are symmetrically mediated in the name of both harmony and beauty in the curriculum, i.e., a spatio-temporal, substantial-formal movement from a mode of imposition to a state of mediation.

This original essay is dedicated to the lasting memories of my beloved parents, the late Mele Ha'amoa and ‘Aisea Nau Māhina, who instilled in me the undying desire and passion for education as a way of life to be considered a treasure for all of humanity. May they linger on eternally.
Enhancing Learning for Pasifika @ Uoa: a view from the Inside
Authors: Mccaffery Judy Mcfall
Published: February 2017

In 2005 the University of Auckland Library established a Pasifika Liaison Librarian position as a new initiative within the existing the Maori Services to enhance the learning of Pasifika students at the University and develop Pasifika Library Support and Information Services. This paper examines the background to the challenge of developing more effective services for Pasifika students and staff within a university institution from the perspectives of Pasifika staff who work in the library. It argues that the development of these services will be more effective if they build on existing University equity policies and seek integrated links with other Pasifika and Maori enhancement initiatives, perspectives and programmes.

The paper examines existing Library policies and proposes ways of implementing these that provide for more effective partnerships between staff and services that will enhance services to Pasifika. It discusses some of the professional dilemmas for Pasifika staff seeking to bring a Pasifika perspective of service delivery and enhancement to Pasifika students and staff. It suggests an alternative integrated way of working collaboratively in partnerships which acknowledges, builds on, and empowers the life experiences and aspirations of Pasifika students and staff.
Forcible Removals: The case of Australian Aboriginal and Native American Children
Authors: Palmiste Claire
Published: February 2017

This article analyses the way Australian and United States of America (USA) governments used the notion of the best interest of the child to remove Aboriginal and Native children respectively from their families and communities. Both governments relied on legal means to achieve the assimilation of children within the mainstream culture in order to annihilate Aboriginal and Native culture. On the one hand, the children were targeted because of their malleability and capacity for adaptation without influencing the mainstream culture. On the other hand, the chance of survival for their community was very thin without them. With regard to Australia, the process began as early as when the first settlements were established as Aboriginal women and children were kidnapped for economic and sexual exploitation. The protectorate system was thus established in the 1830s to assure their protection on reserved lands administered by a Chief Protector. In the case of the Native Americans, the assimilation policies were carried out with the boarding school system and the placements in white adoptive and foster homes. Both governments had shown the limit of their role as parens patriae when ethnic issues were at stake.
Ngā Nekehanga o te Whakahua i te Reo Māori i roto i te Rautau kua Hipa nei
Authors: Keegan Peter , King Jeanette , Harlow Ray , Maclagan Margaret , Watson Catherine
Published: February 2017

Māori and English have been in increasing contact within New Zealand for over 200 years. The impact of each language on the other in vocabulary, which has been borrowed in both directions, is clear. More subtle is the mutual influence in the area of pronunciation. The MAONZE project has been investigating changes in the pronunciation of Māori and of the English of speakers of Māori, using recordings of seven kaumātua born in the 19th century who were interviewed by the Mobile Unit of Radio New Zealand in the 1940s (referred to in the text as the TK group), of ten kaumātua alive today (K), and of ten younger speakers (T).

This paper describes our methodology and reports the results of the investigation of the long and short vowels of Māori as well as of some diphthongs. These were all studied acoustically, that is to say, using computers to analyse the sound waves characteristic of each sound. For each vowel and diphthong, and for each speaker, we attempted to analyse thirty examples, though some sounds are relatively rare, such as /ī/ and /ao/, so that this target could not always be achieved.

The analysis did indeed find that there had been shifts in the pronunciation of these sounds over the three generations of speakers in the study. Except for the distinction between /a/ and /ā/, the length and qualitative difference between the historical long and short vowels is decreasing. Most striking is the shift in /u/ and /ū/ to a much more forward position in the mouth, a change which parallels movement in English.

The five diphthongs studied were /au, ou, ao, ai, ae/, all of which are clearly distinct in the speech of the TK and K groups, but which are tending to merge to three in the younger group, who no longer distinguish tae and tai or hau and hou so clearly.

Within the T group, we distinguished between those who had been speaking Māori since birth (R1), and those who had acquired good Māori at school or later (R2). It turned out that in all the changes taking place, the R2-T group is leading the way, and is thus probably the direction the language will take into the future, particularly as the majority of younger speakers of Māori these days belong to this category.
“Body-Snatching”: Changes to Coroners Legislation and Possible Maori Responses
Authors: Mika Carl
Published: February 2017

The term body-snatcher has enjoyed a renaissance in the media recently, as various Māori have moved to reclaim their deceased relations. From a Māori perspective, the claiming of bodies has nothing to do with body-snatching, a term that referred to episodes in the West. Indeed, Māori may see some laws themselves as instruments that snatch the body, in contravention of Māori customs. One of these laws, the Coroners Act 2006, may have made some progress by quietly acknowledging these customs in many ways, but that is merely the start of a greater dialogue between Māori and the Crown in relation to proper Māori respect of the dead body.
Perspectives on the use of embryos in research
Authors: Hudson Maui , Roberts Mere , Smith Linda Tuhwai , Hemi Murray , Tiakiwai Sarah-Jane
Published: February 2017

This paper explores the epistemological divide between mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and science, and considers which cultural concepts have relevance when considering the use of embryos in research. We argue that empowerment is a necessary precursor for a dialogue process to be effective and to maintain the cultural dignity and confidence of the participants. Negotiating spaces to share ideas, concepts and values between different knowledge systems is an important exercise that creates opportunities for innovative thinking. The identification of cultural cues and indigenous reference points for considering how knowledge relating to embryo research might be located within a traditional knowledge schema is a necessary type of activity to ensure mātauranga Māori maintains its usefulness for Māori in a changing society while retaining its indigenous spirit and cultural tradition.
Article Commentary: Language issues in Māori chemistry education
Authors: Stewart Georgina
Published: February 2017

This article comments on the process and results of expanding the vocabulary available for teaching and learning science through the medium of Māori in the specific domain of chemical nomenclature. This commentary argues there is a need to balance language revitalization aims for te reo Māori (the Māori language) against the educational aims for Māori medium schooling. It is suggested that chemical names and the periodic table constitute one set of science vocabulary where borrowing, rather than neologism, is to be preferred on these grounds.
To Each a Language
Authors: Amituanai-Toloa Meaola
Published: February 2017

There is evidence to suggest that the different languages of Pasifika peoples in New Zealand are declining (Taumoefolau, Bell, & Starks, 2003). This decline, particularly apparent in Manukau, South Auckland, is a challenge. There are two sides to the challenge. The first involves the interrelationship between language and culture. The second is the possible decline of the English achievements of Pasifika students, especially those who attend schools in New Zealand, who speak a Pasifika language as a first language and English as a second language. This paper discusses the implications of this decline, particularly in terms of identity and academic success for Samoan people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
Kafataha
Authors: Tu'Itahi Sione
Published: February 2017

Pacific languages face extinction unless efforts are made to retain them. This paper recommends two ways to avoid this: incorporate Pacific languages and knowledge into research and teaching at tertiary level education, and create or adopt a universal auxiliary language.
“He's Won, but He's Lost It”
Authors: Fairbairn-Dunlop Tagaloatele Peggy
Published: February 2017

Pacific females are achieving significantly better than males at secondary through to tertiary level study. This paper argues the need to review educational outcomes through a Pacific gender lens to identify how cultural expectations might influence the school experience today. The concept of a Samoan gender lens is explored and applied. Findings are that Samoan males and females are limited by cultural values and expectations, but in different ways. While Samoan women are using their customary place to access and negotiate educational ventures, the sporting successes of Pacific males and the role of the peer group (“bros”) may be encouraging males (and their parents) to hold more strongly to non-academic ways of maintaining prestige. The paper concludes that some renegotiation of the faaSamoa (Samoan way of life) gendered roles is needed within families and within educational policies and programmes.
Te Ipukarea Kia Rangatira
Authors: Herrmann Upokoina , Pate Engia , Raea Enoa , Terangi Elika , Cochrane Danielle
Published: February 2017

“Te Ipukarea” is symbolic of who we are as a people of the Cook Islands, firmly rooted and grounded in our belief systems, epistemologies, traditions and customs, culture and language. In the cosmology of today's fast and changing world it is imperative that we stand tall in our pride; in our knowledge and wisdom (Tu Rangatira) of who we are; individually; and most importantly, as a collective entity in the Cook Islands, Aotearoa, Australia, Pasifika and other parts of the world. The survival of our language and culture is dependent on our collective willpower and the conscientisation of our minds and spirits in reclaiming, reaffirming and recreating the very fabric and matrix of our indigeneity as the people of the Cook Islands, so that this generation and every generation to follow can stand tall with pride and resilience, confident in the knowledge of who they are, and determined to live their indigeneity.
Mana Tamariki: Cultural Alienation
Authors: Taonui Rawiri
Published: February 2017

Māoridom has been rocked by a number of high profile child homicides in New Zealand. Many Pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent) commentators attribute this to deficits in Māori culture. Māori, on the other hand, tend generally to hold that the high level of Māori child homicide and abuse is a recent phenomena related to colonization. This paper examines pre-European Māori parenting and finds that violence towards children was not common practice. It examines the origins of violence towards children in cultural alienation and looks at the role of the Māori renaissance and re-enculturalization as solutions.
Identity, Prejudice and Healing in Aboriginal Circles: Models of Identity, Embodiment and Ecology of Place as Traditional Medicine for Education and Counselling
Authors: Bowers Kisiku Sa'qawei Paq'tism Randolph
Published: February 2017

Identity and embodiment are central issues facing Aboriginal people. These issues are explored as sites of multiple meanings and associations related to prejudice and healing. Examples are chosen in the forms of racism and homophobia. Healing of identity is explored from the perspective of indigenous practice in wholistic and traditional Aboriginal medicine. Also, education and counselling are used as sites of inter-cultural dialogue. Models of healing in identity are proposed that rely on prior research, cultural awareness, and professional practice in counselling and education.
Time and Eldership in Torrobo World view
Authors: Ashdown Shelley
Published: February 2017

The Ceremony of Eldership among the Torrobo of Kenya is conducted at the death of the oldest male family member to ensure continuity in family leadership and synergize the three dimensions of Torrobo time in the event. The ritual passing of the family mantle from the deceased father to his eldest son is an example of reference to the cultural past in order for a person to perceive the present in the fullness of Torrobo wisdom. A ritual text of prayers is spoken to obligate the divine in matters of the family and remind the in-coming elder of his dependence on Enkai, the Supreme Being. At the Ceremony of Eldership, the elder son automatically becomes an age-mate of his father's age-set which serves to link one generation with another in notions of obligation and time continuity.
Whānau Ora Hauora
Authors: Chant Lisa
Published: February 2017

This paper explores whānau ora (family well-being) as a contemporary embodiment of Māori-created hauora (health and wellbeing) initiatives towards the realization of kotahitanga (co-operative co-existence) with non-Māori. Over 200 Māori health and disability organizations have been created within the public health systems in New Zealand since the 1990s. In 2002 a Māori health strategy—He Korowai Oranga—was collaboratively produced by the Māori health sector and the Minister of Health. The overall aim of He Korowai Oranga is “whānau ora” (family wellbeing) (Ministry of Health, 2002). This paper explores not the policy but the practice of whānau ora by several hauora Māori organizations. It provides examples of how Māori organizations inform service delivery of whānau ora through the use of Māori models of health—models created to be inclusive of non-Māori practitioners and service receivers.
Hōmai Tō Hono
Authors: Tinirau Rāwiri , Gillies Annemarie , Tinirau Rachael
Published: February 2017

A hapū (sub-tribe) research project draws on the responses of kuia (elderly female) and koroheke (elderly male) regarding health service provision for Ngāti Ruaka/Ngāti Hine hapū of Rānana, Whanganui River. The research found that kuia and koroheke have both a perspective and experience of Māori and Western forms of medicine and healing practices provided by community-based practitioners, including tohunga (specialists), mātua (parents, other elders), and Catholic sisters. Today, kuia and koroheke prefer the services of Māori health providers because these providers are aware of Māori experience and ensure that health needs are addressed appropriately, though some elderly Māori continue to use general health services. Research participants identified services not currently provided at Rānana, and kuia and koroheke continue to be concerned for the needs of others, and are actively involved in developing local responses to enhance the health and wellbeing of current and future generations.
The Violence after “La Violencia”
Authors: Mayo Eduardo Jiménez
Published: February 2017

Arguably the longest civil war in modern Latin American history took place in Guatemala from 1960–1996, a period known as “La Violencia” (“The Violence”). The United Nations successfully intervened to halt the genocide of indigenous peoples resulting from the blatantly racist politics of the national government in a prolonged series of brokered negotiations. Unfortunately, the index of violence in Guatemala has returned to levels similar to those of the worst years of the civil war. While today's violence is no longer officially mandated, the consequences remain basically the same. Guatemalan indigenous peoples and those of primarily indigenous descent, especially women, are bearing the brunt of the violence after “The Violence”.
“We Fought for our Land”
Authors: Baracco Luciano
Published: February 2017

This article re-examines the armed Miskitu insurgency conducted against the Sandinista revolutionary government on Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast (1981–1987) and discloses the problematic relationship that developed between Miskitu fighters and other non-indigenous, CIA-backed, armed, counter-revolutionary groups, or Contras. Drawing on interview data, the article also demonstrates how the divergent actions of the two main Miskitu leaders, Steadman Fagoth Mūller and Brooklyn Rivera Bryan, during the post-revolutionary period have influenced contemporary memories of the Miskitu insurgency of the 1980s and the role played by these leaders in the conduct and nature of the conflict.
Tino Rangatiratanga and Mana Motuhake
Authors: Paora Ropata , Tuiono Teanau , Flavell Te Ururoa , Hawksley Charles , Howson Richard
Published: February 2017

This article brings perspectives from three Māori activists, each promoting issues of self-determination in different ways. It centres on tino rangatiratanga and mana motuhake, two concepts that inform modern Māori activism and life and practice, and more recently conceptions of Māoridom as “nation”. Using a Gramscian framework we argue that the New Zealand state has over time created a notion of one people within one state, and has in the past incorporated challenges to its legitimacy within a framework of popular consent. The desire by some Māori activists for self-determination promotes a separateness that to some extent challenges this idea of nation–state unity. An examination of these modern Māori activist politics allows us to observe the operations of hegemony as it forms and reforms in modern New Zealand.
Canadian Indigenous Governance Literature: A Review
Authors: Von Der Porten Suzanne
Published: February 2017

This paper reviews contemporary concepts and practices in Indigenous governance. The purpose is threefold: to outline trends in and ways forward for Indigenous governance; to identify some common yet problematic approaches to Indigenous self-determination; and to discuss the different ways that Indigenous self-determination is defined. The paper serves as a literature review of Indigenous governance specifically in the Canadian context. The ideas discussed are framed within the concepts of democracy, critical Indigenous theory and governance.
Written Oral History
Authors: Sablin Ivan
Published: February 2017

Through the examination of two autobiographic works of Chukchi writer, Rytkheu, this study demonstrates the research potential of indigenous literatures, offering a new perspective on the past and present of indigenous peoples. The study seeks to provide new interpretations of identity in Chukotka, the northeastern extremity of Asia, of the 1930s and 1940s and to contribute to the identity debate in indigenous studies. In the article identity is understood as a multidimensional whole, with the discussed dimensions being based on ethnicity, nationality, occupation and place of residence. The article pre-eminently addresses the identity of the coastal sea-mammal hunters of Chukotka.
Māori and pain
Authors: Mcgavock Zoe C. , Barnes Helen Moewaka , Mccreanor Tim
Published: February 2017

Pain is subjective and is therefore a complex and difficult health issue to address. In-depth understanding is required for improvements to be made in how it is managed. Research suggests that culture plays a role in pain experiences, but very little such research has been conducted in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Significant health disparities exist between Māori (the indigenous people) and Pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent), and could also exist in pain experience. We reviewed the sparse, diverse literature on Māori and pain and found patchy, inconsistent coverage, arising perhaps from the range of methodologies used and types of pain covered, with a distinct gap around chronic pain. Although pain is a significant area of Māori health, none of the research explored the lived experience of pain from a Māori perspective. The need for in-depth research using a Kaupapa Māori (Māori theory) approach to address this under-researched issue is discussed.
The Land Remains
Authors: Kidman Joanna
Published: February 2017

This paper extends recent work in the geography of youth and childhood with an exploration of the ways that indigenous Māori teenagers who have grown up in regional tribal environments deploy land narratives as they construct a range of fluid socio-spatial cultural identities. The discussion is based on the findings of a multi-tribal study undertaken in the aftermath of government legislation that had led to widespread Māori political protest. Data generated in the course of the study took the form of digital photographs taken by the participants coupled with their explanations about the images. It is argued that Māori young people who are immersed in these environments draw on an extensive repertoire of tropes about the land which in turn influences a territorialized politics of belonging. These politics of belonging become particularly evident during periods of heightened political tension between indigenous peoples and the Crown.
Gender, Navajo Leadership and “Retrospective Falsification”
Authors: Lee Lloyd L.
Published: February 2017

Since 1923 when the first western Navajo government was formed by the Department of the Interior, the Navajo Nation has never elected a woman as council chair or President. In 2010, Lynda Lovejoy received the most votes of all the candidates in the primary and was favoured to win the general election but lost to Ben Shelly, vice-president of the Navajo Nation at the time. Several voters interviewed by the Navajo Times cited tradition as their main reason for not voting for Lovejoy. The voters believed that versions and interpretations of a Navajo creation story that tells about the separation of men and women that led to disharmony means women should not be leaders because it will lead to disharmony, instability and confusion. This paper suggests that colonialism and its impact on the story's interpretation and on contemporary Navajo beliefs erroneously imply women should not be leaders in the Navajo Nation.
From Little Things Big Things Grow, from Big things Little things Manifest
Authors: Bowers Kisiku Sa'qawei Paq'tism Randolph
Published: February 2017

This essay reflects on synergies between macro cultural and philosophical aesthetics or values and practical everyday social processes; namely, between a North American Aboriginal cosmology as expressed in Mi'kmaq ceremonial practice and related epistemological constructs that sustain social wellbeing and the everyday encouragement of conflict prevention and resolution through practices based in principles of peace and balance. These principles are rooted in ancient and contemporary spirituality and cultural practices. From a narrative and Indigenous standpoint method, the essay suggests that one of the essential components of nurturing peaceful relations in any social context is supporting beliefs and values that enable sustainability within complex human ecologies. These reflections draw from an Indigenous integrative and holistic model of eco-psycho-social-spiritual methods for maintaining right relationships within human and natural systems.
Miskitu Women and their Social Contribution to the Regional Politics of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua
Authors: Romero Dolores Figueroa
Published: February 2017

This article addresses elements that are central for building a genealogy of contemporary Miskitu indigenous women's participation in various realms, such as the Contra War, the peacemaking process, the popular consultation for Law 28, and the process of autonomy. This narrative brings to the forefront Miskitu women in a continuum of political settings and agendas that inform their agency during a time period that has two political poles: the armed conflict of the 1980s and the slow achievement of autonomy. This article conveys the message that Miskitu women's social and political activism has been central to regional politics, though the institutionalization of autonomy has advanced without properly including indigenous women as political representatives and/or citizens that are in need of special protection against systemic violence.
Commentary: The “Idle No More” movement and global indifference to Indigenous nationalism
Authors: Woons Marc
Published: February 2017

Not since the summer of 1990 have Canadians seen such a widespread resurgence of Indigenous nationalism. The recent “Idle No More” movement, which began in late 2012 as a campaign against specific federal legislation affecting lands and waters, has led to renewed calls for Canadians to honour the treaty relationship with Indigenous peoples. This piece considers the movement from a more global perspective. It studies the benefits and risks associated with the seemingly natural linkages between the environmental movement and the more fundamental demands of Idle No More for the restoration of the nation-to-nation relationship. Ties to the environmental movement might help, particularly given apathy on the part of dominant global players, namely state leaders. Indigenous nationalists nevertheless need to proceed cautiously to prevent trading one form of domination for another.
The Oromo, Gadaa/Siqqee Democracy and the Liberation of Ethiopian Colonial Subjects
Authors: Jalata Asafa , Schaffer Harwood
Published: February 2017

This paper explores the potential role of the Gadaa/Siqqee system of Oromo democracy in the development of a democratic multinational liberation movement of the colonized nations within the Ethiopian Empire in order to dismantle the Tigrayan-led Ethiopian terrorist government and replace it with a sovereign multinational democratic state in the Horn of Africa based on the principles of indigenous democracy. After a brief introduction, this study describes the presence of a democratic, Siqqee/Gadaa administration among the Oromo in the Horn of Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries and the subsequent changes that made them vulnerable to colonization. It further examines the essence and main characteristics of Gadaa/Siqqee, showing that it provides a contrasting political philosophy to the authoritarian rule of the Ethiopian Empire. The study shows that in the face of oppression and exploitation the Oromo people have struggled to preserve and redevelop their indigenous democracy, written records of which go back to the 16th century, long before European nations embraced the principles of democratic governance. It also explains how it can be adapted to the current condition of the colonized nations within the Ethiopian Empire in order to revitalize the quest for national self-determination and democracy and to build a sovereign democratic state in a multinational context. Furthermore, the piece asserts that this struggle is truly a difficult one in the 21st century as the process of globalization is intensified and regional and local cultures are being suppressed under the pressure of dominating cultures.
Healing Aboriginal Family Violence through Aboriginal Storytelling
Authors: Lester-Smith Donna
Published: February 2017

Culturally based healing practices provide a more comprehensive and thus more effective method to assist Aboriginal community members struggling with family violence. Explored in this paper are some of the unique learning methodological perspectives and approaches unearthed during a three-year study with the Vancouver, British Columbia, organization called the Warriors Against Violence Society. Their unique model provides ways of healing from presently felt wounds through traditional wisdom and storytelling practices. “Hope for Change—Change Can Happen”: Healing the Wounds of Family Violence with Indigenous Traditional Holistic Practices is a qualitative investigation with and about an Aboriginal intervention model found to be effective for diminishing family violence within Aboriginal communities.
Ancestral Knowledges, Spirituality and Indigenous Narratives as Self-Determination
Authors: Neeganagwedgin Erica
Published: February 2017

Indigenous knowledge systems and spiritual traditions are intricately interwoven. They sustained First Nations peoples for centuries, are part of the everyday lives of Indigenous peoples and are at the core of Indigenous epistemologies. This paper argues that, despite the adverse impacts of Canada's colonial policies on Indigenous peoples, their ancestral knowledge systems and spirituality guide and nourish them as they navigate their way through contemporary educational and everyday life contexts. I specifically examine how several Indigenous women, many of whom experienced systemic discrimination, use spirituality to cope with and overcome everyday lived oppression. Their narratives form the basis of the analysis.
Researcher–Teacher Collaboration in Māori-Medium Education: Aspects of Learning for a Teacher and Researchers in Aotearoa New Zealand when Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Hāwera Ngārewa , Taylor Merilyn
Published: February 2017

This paper describes aspects of learning for a teacher in a Māori-medium Year 7–8 classroom and two mathematics education researchers from a university when they collaborated on a project supporting children to develop their ideas about transformation geometry. Key principles of kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology) methodology such as ako (reciprocal learning), manaakitanga (showing care, respect and kindness) and whanaungatanga (family-like relationships) were integral to the initiation and facilitation of the research. Data presented is qualitative and derived largely from wānanga ā-kanohi (face-to-face discussion) between the participants. Results revealed that the collaborative partnership was conducive to developing insights into the complexities of learning mathematics in an indigenous setting. Issues of collegiality, learning mathematics in a second language, teacher mathematical knowledge and appropriate contexts for learning mathematics are analysed and discussed.
“You've Gotta Set a Precedent”: Māori and Pacific voices on student success in higher education
Authors: Mayeda David Tokiharu , Keil Moeata , Dutton Hilary Dansey , Ofamo'Oni I.-Futa-Helu
Published: February 2017

A substantial body of literature has examined the challenges that indigenous students face in higher education. Across Aotearoa New Zealand, the indigenous Māori population is under-represented at the university level, as are ethnically diverse Pacific students who trace their ancestries to neighbouring Pacific nations. This study relies on focus group interviews with high-achieving Māori and Pacific students (N = 90) from a large New Zealand university. Using kaupapa Māori (theory and methodology grounded in a Māori world view) and Pacific research principles, the study identifies the social factors contributing to indigenous students’ educational success. Three broad themes emerged from discussions: family and university role modelling and support; indigenous teaching and learning practices; and resilient abilities to cope with everyday colonialism and racism. A positive indigenous ethnic identity ties these themes together, ultimately serving as the steady factor driving Māori and Pacific students’ achievement motivation.
Asserting Mino Pimàdiziwin on Unceded Algonquin Territory: Experiences of a Canadian “non-status” First Nation in re-establishing its traditional land ethic
Authors: Sioui Miguel , Mcleman Robert
Published: February 2017

Canadian non-status First Nations are often in conflict with more powerful private interests over resource development on their traditional lands. In response, some non-status First Nations are using traditional environmental knowledge and self-developed spiritual ecologies to reassert sovereignty over ancestral territories. One such group, the Ardoch Algonquin First Nation (AAFN), carries out traditional activities including canoe building, hunting, trapping, and harvesting manoomiin (wild rice) on their traditional lands. AAFN members have had several non-violent conflicts with outside interests over land use in recent years. Our multi-year participatory research project sought to understand AAFN's traditional spiritual ecology (mino pimàdiziwin) as practised by its members, and systematically compare it with land- use ethics underlying resource development strategies promoted by Ontario's government. The two are fundamentally at odds, creating potential for future conflicts, but some opportunities for future partnership and collaboration exist. The findings contribute to broader efforts to understand challenges faced by non-status First Nations.
Indigenous Peoples’ Life Stories: Voices of ancient knowledge
Authors: Bird Stan
Published: February 2017

Narrative is a meaning-making tool used broadly across cultures. Individuals use their particular cultural narrative to interpret experiences and construct a personal narrative or life story. This research focused on the life stories of Anishinaabe people, an Indigenous group of the North American Great Lakes region, whose history is characterized by attempts at assimilation into the dominant Western culture. We sought to understand if maintaining traditional Indigenous knowledge affected meaning-making in life stories. Participants included four groups of volunteers: Elders and young adults, with and without traditional Indigenous knowledge. Results showed that the narratives of the two traditional Indigenous knowledge groups evidenced statistically significant greater efficacy and personal resolve than those of the non-traditional groups. Additionally, the Elder traditionalists’ narratives showed significantly greater involvement with existential/spiritual issues than other groups. We concluded that traditional Indigenous knowledge positively shaped participants’ narratives, thus confirming the importance of cultural narratives in the meaning-making process.
Indigenous at the Heart: Indigenous research in a climate change project
Authors: Arbon Veronica , Rigney Lester-Irabinna
Published: February 2017

Indigenous involvement at all stages of research has been called for over several decades and is now an increasingly accepted requirement. This paper outlines the research approaches of the Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change: The Arabunna, South Australia project, which in the initial development phase identified a number of basic tenets. The intent is to outline these tenets, discuss the level of Indigenous involvement and activity within this project and analyse the approach taken in the context of key features articulated within Indigenous research over previous decades. Finally, this paper reflects on future research directions, particularly the importance of informed Indigenous involvement, the need for respectful relationships in multi-knowledges and multi-disciplinary research and the importance of communication.
“Thereness”: Implications of Heidegger's “presence” for Māori
Authors: Mika Carl Te Hira
Published: February 2017

For Māori, the philosophical consequences of colonization are a hugely important issue, due to both the subtlety and the omnipresence of Western metaphysics. In this article I refer to the “metaphysics of presence” through one major Western thinker—Martin Heidegger—who identified “presence” as a problem for the West. He proposes that the metaphysics of presence underpins every perception in the West and that it is the fundamental mistake of philosophers since Plato but becoming ascendant with Aristotle. I identify the points of relevance within their claims and refer them to a Māori understanding of absence. I also consider the more affective nature of Western presence, which Heidegger refers to but which must be theorized by Māori. In the first instance I place particular emphasis on the ironies implicit in writing about metaphysics for the Māori writer in the academy and for the things being represented in that writing. Finally, the metaphysics of presence opens up possibilities for its own instability; this Heideggerean “saving power” is discussed in Māori terms.
Nawi—Exploring Australia's Indigenous Watercraft: Cultural resurgence through museums and Indigenous communities
Authors: Gapps Stephen , Smith Mariko
Published: February 2017

This paper describes the Australian National Maritime Museum's Indigenous watercraft project, conceived by its curators due to the lacking presence of Australia's first mariners and their vessels in cultural institutions and academic scholarship. The Nawi project aims to align with best-practice in Indigenous Australian museological policy to better facilitate strong Indigenous cultural futures, rather than dwell in an Indigenous past. Nawi participants built a dynamic picture of Indigenous watercraft culture today that is open to all nuances and complexities in Indigenous Australian (post)colonial experiences and identity, without privileging authenticity of unbroken connection over cultural resurgence. This paper also raises issues about authenticity faced by cultural institutions regarding Indigenous watercraft replicas. It concludes with a discussion about the concept of “community”, and how the Nawi project emphasizes its importance in cultural practice today through the lens of the amazing array of watercraft of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Commentary: What's in a name? Hispanic immigrant and refugee identity crisis: Focus on Mayas
Authors: Millender Eugenia I. , Lowe John , Liehr Patricia
Published: February 2017

Through a review of literature, this examination of key aspects of Mayan history illustrates the etymology of the designation “Hispanic” to describe a diverse multitude of peoples. The uniqueness of the Mayas has historically been disregarded by the dominant culture, and even worse, efforts to eradicate their culture continue, as evidenced by the label they are given in the United States: Hispanic—a term which, literally, continues to brand them as subjects and property of the conquistadores. The purpose of this commentary is to provide caregivers and service providers some insight into the background of a group of people for whom they strive to provide assistance.
“It's like Going to a Cemetery and Lighting a Candle”: Aboriginal Australians, Sorry Business and social media
Authors: Carlson Bronwyn , Frazer Ryan
Published: February 2017

Death and funeral practices are a constant presence in many Aboriginal Australians’ lives—research in some communities found they are eight times more likely to have attended a funeral in the previous 2 years than non-Aboriginal people. This can be explained by two major factors: inordinately high rates of Aboriginal mortality and cultural practices around death (broadly referred to as Sorry Business). Research in other contexts has found traditions once reserved solely for face-to-face interactions are now also taking place online on social media. This paper draws from interviews conducted with Aboriginal social media users from New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia to explore new cultural expressions of Sorry Business. Drawing from Indigenous standpoint theory as both an entry point for inquiry and a tool for analysis, this paper demonstrates that Aboriginal people participate in a diverse range of online practices related to Sorry Business, including notifications of deaths and funerals, offering condolences and extending support, and grieving and healing.
Beyond the Pure and the Authentic: Indigenous modernity in Andean Bolivia
Authors: Ravindran Tathagatan
Published: February 2017

This article explores the various forms in which indigenous practices and worldviews articulate with the modern, leading to the formation of a distinct indigenous modernity. It reveals that the construction of indigeneity in terms of purity and distance from the modern is being challenged by urban Aymaras (indigenous people of the Andean region of South America) who affirm their Aymara identity without enacting purity. This explains why modernizing and developmentalist assumptions are part of their discourse of indigenous liberation. This new indigenous political discourse stands in tension with a postdevelopmentalist indigenous politics, which is the product of a different engagement with modernity. Different encounters with colonialism and modernity have created multiple indigenous modernities with contradictory perspectives on indigenous political liberation and well-being. The article is a product of 22 months of ethnographic research in the city of El Alto between 2010 and 2014 that included participant observation in multiple neighborhoods of El Alto, 85 semistructured interviews and 5 focus groups.
Making the case for ECRIS
Authors: Jackson Adam M , Davies Gemma Louise
Published: February 2017

Criminal record information has various uses, including, in the detection of crime, as evidence in criminal proceedings, in consideration of an appropriate sentence after conviction and in determining the suitability of an individual for, or providing a bar to, employment. As such this information can have a high value but can also significantly interfere with a person’s right to private and family life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The importance of Article 8 in this area has been increasingly recognised both domestically and in Strasbourg, with such case law making clear the imperative that criminal record information is accurate, retained and disclosed only in proper circumstances and, where appropriate, is capable of being subject to proper challenge. The operation of the European Criminal Records Information System (ECRIS) for exchange of criminal records between Member States is explored and the benefits and risks of exchanging criminal records information within such an automated system are identified. The compliance of ECRIS to Article 8 ECHR is considered and suggestions made for future improvements. Evidence is provided that ECRIS constitutes a singular improvement on earlier ad hoc arrangements and should therefore be retained by the United Kingdom post-Brexit.
Discussion of the paper ‘A general framework for functional regression modelling’
Authors: Bai Jiawei , Ivanescu Andrada , Crainiceanu Ciprian M.
Published: February 2017

This discussion provides our reaction to the article by Greven and Scheipl. It contains an overview of their article and a description of the many areas of research that remain open and could benefit from further methodological and computational development.