bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Accuracy of Blood-Derived Biomarkers for Amyloid-β Brain Deposition Along with the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cianflone Alessandra , Coppola Luigi , Mirabelli Peppino , Salvatore Marco
Published: September 2021

Background: An amyloid-β (Aβ) positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) scan of the human brain could lead to an early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and estimate disease progression. However, Aβ-PET imaging is expensive, invasive, and rarely applicable to cognitively normal subjects at risk for dementia. The identification of blood biomarkers predictive of Aβ brain deposition could help the identification of subjects at risk for dementia and could be helpful for the prognosis of AD progression. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the prognostic accuracy of blood biomarkers in predicting Aβ-PET status along with progression toward AD. Methods: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched bibliographic databases from 2010 to 2020. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Results: A total of 8 studies were retrieved. The prognostic accuracy of Aβ-PET status was calculated by obtaining ROCs for the following biomarkers: free, total, and bound Aβ42 and Aβ40; Aβ42/40 ratio; neurofilaments (NFL); total tau (T-tau); and phosphorylated-tau181 (P-tau181). Higher and lower plasma baseline levels of P-tau181 and the Aβ42/40 ratio, respectively, showed consistently good prognostication of Aβ-PET brain accumulation. Only P-tau181 was shown to predict AD progression. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Aβ42/40 ratio and plasma P-tau181 were shown to predict Aβ-PET status. Plasma P-tau181 could also be a preclinical biomarker for AD progression.
Premorbid Educational Attainment and Long-Term Motor Prognosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jeong Seong Ho , Chung Seok Jong , Yoo Han Soo , Jung Jin Ho , Baik Kyoungwon , Lee Yang Hyun , Lee Phil Hyu , Sohn Young H.
Published: September 2021

Background: Premorbid educational attainment is a well-known proxy of reserve, not only with regard to cognition, but also to motor symptoms. Objective: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between educational attainment and long-term motor prognosis in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: We analyzed 466 patients with de novo PD without dementia who underwent dopamine transporter (DAT) scans and were followed up more than 2 years. Patients were divided into three groups: low education (years-of-education ≤6, n = 125), intermediate education (6 <years-of-education < 12, n = 108), and high education (years-of-education ≥12, n = 233). The effects of educational attainment on the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), wearing-off, and freezing-of-gait, and longitudinal increase in levodopa-equivalent doses (LEDs) were assessed. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that higher education was associated with milder parkinsonian symptoms after adjusting for DAT availability in the posterior putamen. Survival analysis showed that the rate of LID was significantly lower in the high education group than in the low education group (HR = 0.565, p = 0.010). A linear mixed model showed that the high education group had lower LED than the low education group until a period of 30 months; however, this difference in LED was not observed thereafter. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that premorbid educational attainment has protective effects on the development of LID in patients with PD and has sparing effects on LED during the early treatment period. These results suggest that high educational attainment has a beneficial effect on motor outcomes in patients with PD.
Walking with and without a robotic exoskeleton in people with incomplete spinal cord injury compared to a typical gait pattern
Authors: Almutairi Sattam , Swank Chad , Wang-Price Sharon , Gao Fan , Medley Ann
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Robotic exoskeleton (RE) enables individuals with lower extremity weakness or paralysis to stand and walk in a stereotypical pattern. OBJECTIVE: Examine whether people with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) demonstrate a more typical gait pattern when walking overground in a RE than when walking without. METHODS: Motion analysis system synchronized with a surface electromyographic (EMG) was used to obtain temporospatial gait parameters, lower extremity kinematics, and muscle activity in ambulatory individuals with SCI and healthy adults. RESULTS: Temporospatial parameters and kinematics for participants with SCI (n = 12; age 41.4±12.5 years) with and without RE were significantly different than a typical gait (healthy adults: n = 15; age 26.2±8.3 years). EMG amplitudes during the stance phase of a typical gait were similar to those with SCI with and without RE, except the right rectus femoris (p = 0.005) and left gluteus medius (p = 0.014) when participants with SCI walked with RE. EMG amplitudes of participants with SCI during the swing phase were significantly greater compared to those of a typical gait, except for left medial hamstring with (p = 0.025) and without (p = 0.196) RE. CONCLUSIONS: First-time walking in a RE does not appear to produce a typical gait pattern in people with incomplete SCI.
Risk factors for functional deterioration in a cohort with late effects of poliomyelitis: A ten-year follow-up study
Authors: Meiner Zeev , Marmor Anat , Jalagel Murad , Levine Hagai , Shiri Shimon , Schwartz Isabella
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: More than 7000 patients developed poliomyelitis during the main epidemic in the fifties in Israel. In recent years, there is a further deterioration in their condition due to accelerated aging process and post-polio syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for the progression of functional status in a cohort of patients with late effect of poliomyelitis over a period of ten years. METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort study including 82 individuals with late effect of poliomyelitis evaluated over ten years. Mean age was 67±8.5 years, 52.4%were men and 79.3%were Jewish. Functional status was evaluated by activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire. Risk factors, including general comorbidities, history of poliomyelitis infection, use of assistive devices, employment, and physical activity statuses were evaluated using specific questionnaires. RESULTS: Independence in ADL functions deteriorated significantly over ten years. Older age, ethnicity, use of a wheelchair, and use of orthotic devices in childhood were risk factors for deterioration in ADL function. No correlation was found between the presence of other comorbidities or poliomyelitis parameters and worsening of ADL functions. CONCLUSIONS: Late effect of poliomyelitis was associated with deterioration in ADL functions probably due to the combined effect of the initial severity of the paralytic poliomyelitis symptoms and accelerated aging.
Is mental practice effective for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary
Authors: Gimigliano Francesca
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Mental practice, which is proposed for the rehabilitation of people post-stroke, is a training method based on the repetition of the internal representation of a movement or a task with the aim of improving the performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this commentary is to discuss Cochrane evidence on the efficacy of mental practice in improving upper extremity functioning in people with hemiparesis after stroke. METHODS: To summarize and discuss from a rehabilitation perspective the published Cochrane Review “Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke” by Barclay et al. RESULTS: This Cochrane Review included 25 studies involving 676 people with hemiparesis after stroke. The authors analysed the following two comparisons: mental practice versus conventional therapy and mental practice in addition to other treatment versus other treatment (±placebo). CONCLUSIONS: Mental practice in addition to other treatment, compared with other treatment, probably improves upper extremity activity and function in people with hemiparesis after stroke.
Accuracy of body mass index in categorizing weight status in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Polfuss Michele , Forseth Bethany , Schoeller Dale A. , Huang Chiang-Ching , Moosreiner Andrea , Papanek Paula E. , Sawin Kathleen J. , Zvara Kimberley , Bandini Linda
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: To identify the accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI) to categorize body weight in a sample of children with spina bifida and Down syndrome as compared to typically developing peers. METHODS: A secondary analysis of 32 children with spina bifida, Down syndrome or no chronic illness. A calculated BMI was plotted on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age- and sex-specific BMI growth charts to determine each child’s weight status. Percentage of body fat, obtained by labeled water, was plotted on two different body fat percentile reference curves, one derived from a whole body measure (DXA) of body fat and one by skin-fold measure. Differences in weight categories between calculated BMI and body fat percentile curves were reported. RESULTS: The calculated BMI for children with a disability had significant misclassifications as a screening tool for body fat when compared to children without a disability. Misclassifications were increased with the body fat percentile reference curve derived from skin-fold measures and for children who primarily used a wheelchair. CONCLUSION: The current recommendation to use BMI to categorize weight status is not useful for many children with disabilities. Further research to identify an alternative pragmatic strategy is necessary.
MQALD: Evaluating the impact of modifiers in question answering over knowledge graphs
Authors: Siciliani Lucia , Basile Pierpaolo , Lops Pasquale , Semeraro Giovanni
Published: September 2021

Question Answering (QA) over Knowledge Graphs (KG) aims to develop a system that is capable of answering users’ questions using the information coming from one or multiple Knowledge Graphs, like DBpedia, Wikidata, and so on. Question Answering systems need to translate the user’s question, written using natural language, into a query formulated through a specific data query language that is compliant with the underlying KG. This translation process is already non-trivial when trying to answer simple questions that involve a single triple pattern. It becomes even more troublesome when trying to cope with questions that require modifiers in the final query, i.e., aggregate functions, query forms, and so on. The attention over this last aspect is growing but has never been thoroughly addressed by the existing literature. Starting from the latest advances in this field, we want to further step in this direction. This work aims to provide a publicly available dataset designed for evaluating the performance of a QA system in translating articulated questions into a specific data query language. This dataset has also been used to evaluate three QA systems available at the state of the art.
Analysis of Cassava Farmers’ Revenue Who were Innovation Participants in Ogun State, Nigeria: 2016-2018
Authors: Sanusi R. O. , Ajibola B. O. , Isegbe E. I. , Adebayo R. M. , Abubakar M. B. , Oke O. O. , Lordbanjou D. , Lawal M. , Adeoye A. S.
Published: September 2021

The net revenue from an activity is obtained by subtracting the cash expenses incurred in production from the gross revenue. Gross revenue is the sum of all receipts from the sale of a crop. This study was carried out in Ogun State, Nigeria (latitude 7o 00ꞋN and longitude 3o 35ꞋE) to analyse the revenue of cassava farmers who were involved in improved practices. The simple Random Sampling technique was adopted in the selection of 336 farmers from the study area. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, budgetary technique as well as Chow test. Results showed that there was a steady increase in the revenue until it reached the peak. Thereafter, it fell below the zero lines into the negative. Also, all (100.0%) of the participants had formal education and belonged to a farmers’ association. The average farm size was 1.64 hectares. The study, therefore, recommends regulation of cassava price so that it will not fall below a certain fixed point. It also recommends the government purchase of excess cassava output directly from farmers in order to avoid a market glut. Finally, value addition should be promoted to boost income derivable from cassava sales.
Методологічні підходи до визначення необхідності врахування різних технологічних умов експлуатації елементів енергоблоків АЕС під час оцінки їх сейсмостійкості відповідно до нормативних вимог
Authors: Shugaylo O-r , Ryzhov D. , Zhabin O. , Danylchuk I. , Trusov I. , Posokh V. , Kurov V.
Published: September 2021

Нормативні вимоги до оцінки сейсмостійкості елементів енергоблоків атомних електростанцій передбачають необхідність врахування різних технологічних умов експлуатації в сполученні із сейсмічними впливами. Раніше вже були проаналізовані переваги та недоліки запропонованого експлуатуючою організацією узагальненого алгоритму дій щодо визначення необхідності (або її відсутності) врахування різних сполучень експлуатаційних та сейсмічних навантажень. Встановлено, що вказаний аспект потребує ґрунтовного дослідження для тепломеханічного обладнання, сейсмостійкість якого підтверджена методом GIP-ВВЕР, зокрема: вплив несейсмічних навантажень у разі порушення нормальної експлуатації та проєктної аварії на існуючі результати оцінки сейсмостійкості тепломеханічного обладнання методом GIP-ВВЕР. До того, не вирішеним залишилось також питання коректного визначення технологічних параметрів, які відповідають порушенню нормальної експлуатації та проєктній аварії, для систем та елементів енергоблоків атомних електростанцій, для яких в технологічному регламенті безпечної експлуатації енергоблока не встановлені умови та межі безпечної експлуатації.

У статті містяться методологічні підходи до вирішення вказаних проблемних питань.

Стаття входить до циклу публікацій в журналі «Ядерна та радіаційна безпека», присвячених розгляду нормативних вимог до сполучень експлуатаційних та сейсмічних навантажень під час оцінки сейсмостійкості різноманітних елементів атомних електростанцій.
The Impact Of South Asian Cultural Violence
Authors: Dass Riti
Published: September 2021

This study explores the experiences and perspectives of first/second generation South Asian Canadian women on the representation of South Asian culture and violence against South Asian women. Specifically, this study looks at the myth of South Asian cultural violence, which views South Asian culture as inherently oppressive toward women and South Asian men as violent; and as a result, South Asian women are seen as victims of these men and their culture.

This study does not undermine violence against South Asian women, but challenges the ways in which violence against South Asian women gets talked about through the myth or the discourse of South Asian cultural violence. Both the state and (trans)national media play an important role in circulating this myth to further socio-political agendas. Centering the narratives of South Asian women in this study will show the ways in which they make meaning of the myth, as well as how they challenge and resist it. This study involves a focus group with two first/second generation South Asian Canadian women using arts-informed narrative methodology. Findings demonstrate that the discourse of South Asian cultural violence has had a significant impact on their relationship to themselves, other South Asians, and to the South Asian culture due to the ongoing encounter with stories of violence against South Asian women.
The Realities Of Schizophrenia For Black African Families Navigating Greater Toronto's Mental Health Services
Authors: During Dorothy Alvina
Published: September 2021

This is a qualitative phenomenological (Padgett, 2017) study of how Black African
families with relatives diagnosed with schizophrenia navigate and experience mental health
systems in the Greater Toronto Area. Data was collected through individual face-to-face
interviews with 3 participants who are self-identified adult African family members or relatives
of a person diagnosed with schizophrenia. The research draws on the theoretical approaches of
Anti-Black Racism (Kumsa et al, 2014) and Anti-Black Sanism (Abdillahi, Meerai & Poole,
2014; Meerai, Abdillahi & Poole, 2016). Participants had an outlet to share their experiences,
and a space to share ideas on program development and coping strategies. The findings of this
study suggest that Black families need a space where Black and/or African individuals with
mental health challenges can safely navigate and share their stories through storytelling, poetry
and music, to name a few methods. There is a need for Black and/or African navigating resource
services for Black and/or African immigrants diagnosed with mental health challenges and their
families. We can conclude that there are a number of areas of research which require more
exploration, including the social construction of Black and/or African immigrant families faced
with mental health challenges pre- and post-diagnosis and how they navigate mental health
systems. It is critical to promote the voices of Black and/or African individuals with mental
health challenges and their families in research and practice because “you cannot know about us
without us” (Morrow &Malcoe, 2017, p.132).
Nature, Significance and Implications of Telework
Authors: Neffa Julio César
Published: September 2021

This article presents a conceptual discussion of telework. For the synthetic treatment of the subject through a general vision, we want to place this innovation in its macroeconomic context, highlighting the logic of production and accumulation of the dominant mode of production, which explains the conditions that allowed its emergence half a century ago. After analyzing the characteristics of this new work process and presenting the opinions of teleworkers and employers who employ them, we will see the main characteristics of the Legislation that has just been approved in Argentina inquiring about the risks to physical and mental health and mental it generates. Due to the scarcity of space, we will not reflect on the impact of the teleworking pandemic.
Evaluating the Accuracy of an Equivalent Linear Model in Predicting Peak Displacement of Seismic Isolation Systems using Single Friction Pendulum Bearings
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Truc , Dao Nhan Dinh
Published: September 2021

This study evaluates the accuracy of an equivalent linear model in predicting peak nonlinear time-history displacement of seismic isolation systems with single friction pendulum bearings. To perform this evaluation, dynamic response of numerical models of 120 isolation systems subjected to 390 strong earthquake ground motions, including motions with pulse and motions without pulse, was analyzed and statistically processed. The results show that the equivalent linear model can partly predict the peak displacement of its counterpart nonlinear model. However, the equivalent model can also underestimate or overestimate the peak displacement. On average sense, the equivalent linear model underestimates small peak displacement and overestimates large peak displacement. It is also observed that the relationship between linear and nonlinear peak displacements depends on ground motion types. Based on the analysis data, equations representing relationship between linear and nonlinear peak displacements at different reliable levels for different ground motion types were proposed. These equations can be used in practice.
Fuzzy-multi-mode Resource-constrained Discrete Time-cost-resource Optimization in Project Scheduling Using ENSCBO
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Rajabi Farivar
Published: September 2021

Construction companies are required to employ effective methods of project planning and scheduling in today's competitive environment. Time and cost are critical factors in project success, and they can vary based on the type and amount of resources used for activities, such as labor, tools, and materials. In addition, resource leveling strategies that are used to limit fluctuations in a project's resource consumption also affect project time and cost. The multi-mode resource-constrained discrete-time–cost-resource optimization (MRC-DTCRO) is an optimization tool that is developed for scheduling of a set of activities involving multiple execution modes with the aim of minimizing time, cost, and resource moment. Moreover, uncertainty in cost should be accounted for in project planning because activities are exposed to risks that can cause delays and budget overruns. This paper presents a fuzzy-multi-mode resource-constrained discrete-time–cost-resource optimization (F-MRC-DTCRO) model for the time-cost-resource moment tradeoff in a fuzzy environment while satisfying all the project constraints. In the proposed model, fuzzy numbers are used to characterize the uncertainty of direct cost of activities. Using this model, different risk acceptance levels of the decision maker can be addressed in the optimization process. A newly developed multi-objective optimization algorithm called ENSCBO is used to search non-dominated solutions to the fuzzy multi-objective model. Finally, the developed model is applied to solve a benchmark test problem. The results indicate that incorporating the fuzzy structure of uncertainty in costs to previously developed MRC-DTCRO models facilitates the decision-making process and provides more realistic solutions.
EFFECT OF CONTEXT-BASED QUESTIONS ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TEST ANXIETY AND SCIENCE ATTITUDE
Authors: Kurbanoğlu Namudar İzzet , Koç Nefes Fatma
Published: September 2021

The context-based questions have promise and potential to reduce the test anxiety of students and improve their attitudes towards science. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of context-based questions on test anxiety and science attitude of students. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental equivalent control group with a pre-test and post-test design. Samples were 70 secondary school students, selected from the 185 seventh grade students at a public school in Turkey. Test Anxiety and Science Attitude Scales were used to measure their test anxiety and attitude towards science, respectively. The results of the data analysis indicated that the context-based questions significantly reduced the test anxiety of the students in the experimental group and improved their attitudes towards science. In contrast, the conventional questions increased the test anxiety of the control group students, but no significant effect in science attitude was found among them. Further, the results showed that there was a relationship between the pre- and post-test scores of the test anxiety and science attitude of both the experimental and control groups. Key words: attitudes, context-based questions, conventional questions, secondary school students, test anxiety.
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CLOUDS
Authors: Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Ravanis Konstantinos
Published: September 2021

Children construct representations of concepts and physical phenomena and these representations are critical to education. The natural phenomenon of clouds is perceivable and also observable by young children in everyday life. Moreover, it is a subject approached by the early childhood science education curriculums. However, in several studies it is noticed that the related children’s representations are often incompatible with the scientific model, mainly because of its character, which is macroscopic and not immediately observable. In this research, clouds representations framed by children aged 4.5-6 years old are studied. The sample consisted of sixteen (16) children (7 boys and 9 girls) from one public kindergarten in an urban area of Greece. Data were collected through expanded, open type conversations between children pairs and one of the researchers. The results of the qualitative analysis of the conversations show that these children use different types of representations, the majority dominated by the nature of the substance under study. The outcome of the research results indicates the potentials of preschool children to perceive clouds as autonomous natural entities. Key words: pupils’ representations, clouds, preschool education, science education.
THINKING IN TERMS OF VARIABLES: THE CONCEPT OF THE SHADOW
Authors: Oguz Unver Ayse
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research was to explore the ideas prospective science teachers (N=51) had about the variables of object size, shape and light transmission that have an impact on shadow formation, using a scientific activity based on Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE). In this qualitative study, the measurement tool comprises 3 questions. The first question examines how the participants define the concept of shadow while the second question focuses on the variables of the size of the object, its shape, and its light transmission. The participants were asked to explain whether these variables would produce a shadow. The last question was devised in the atmosphere of an activities laboratory in which the absorption and reflection properties of light were explored. The NVi10 program was utilized for data analysis. At the end of the research, it was observed that the prospective teachers were not able to define the concept of the shadow in scientific terms and even if they knew the basic variables related to shadow formation, they could not exactly explain new situations when the variables were manipulated.
Key words: inquiry, prospective science teachers, qualitative data, shadow science, variables.
ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY RELATED TO PHYSICS LEARNING
Authors: Tezer Murat , Aşıksoy Gulsum Yildiz
Published: September 2021

Various studies have demonstrated that students who have high levels of academic high levels of academic self-efficacy are better at overcoming obstacles, have higher targets and are more confident. So, the aim of this research was to determine the self-efficacy levels of engineering students regarding physics, and to analyse the effect of their alma mater, class levels, the type of engineering programme in which they are being educated and academic success variables on their self-efficacy regarding physics. In the present research “Physics self-efficacy scale” including two factors which were developed by the authors was used to collect the data. Considering one of the independent variables, such as their alma mater, it can be seen that students who graduated from private high schools had a higher level of self-efficacy. In addition, compared to other students, those in their first year had a higher level of self-efficacy, which led to greater academic success. Key words: engineering students, learning, self-efficacy, physics education, physics learning.
APPLYING ONLINE PEER ASSESSMENT WITH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TO ELEVATE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Chang Shu-Hsuan , Yu Li-Chih , Kuo Yen-Kuang , Mai Yi-Ting , Chen Jen-De
Published: September 2021

Undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum emphasize project-based learning (PBL) with peer assessment/on-line peer assessment (PA/OPA). Many studies have stressed that students did not improve over two rounds in PBL with OPA studies and PBL with PA have to adopt team mutual cooperation to reap effective learning. This study proposed an innovative approach that incorporate OPA with TQM as a macro-level instructional tool to guide students in teacher's directing of collaborative project development as well as seeking continuous improvement to elevate Project-Based Learning Performance in a STEM course. The effects of OPA with TQM were examined through an experiment with PBL performances hypotheses. A total of 63 junior students in an university of Taiwan voluntarily participated in this study and a quasi-experimental approach with a two-group design was adopted. The results revealed that the team members using the OPA with TQM approach tended to have higher design skill performance, better cohesive teamwork and creative problem solving attitude. Thus, the proposed approach facilitated team members to collaborate for seeking continuous improvement. However, no significant difference was reported on the influence of enhancing students’ design concept. Implication and suggestions for educators to promote the PBL with OPA and TQM were also provided in the study.
Key words: collaborative learning, online peer assessment, project-based learning, STEM course, Total Quality Management.
REFLEKSI SOSIOPSIKOLOGIS MASYARAKAT MELALUI KARAKTER TOKOH CUPAK GURANTANG DI DESA TEKO KECAMATAN PRINGGABAYA
Authors: Huda Khairul
Published: September 2021

Penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah deskriptif kualitatif,  bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan informasi tentang kehidupan sosiopsikologis masyarakakat yang sekarang terjadi melalui karakter tokoh Cupak Gurantang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode telaah, tekhnik sadap dan wawancara.  Sedangkan tekhnik analisis data dapat menggunakan tiga langkah: data redction(reduksi daTa), display data (penyajian data) dan  verification/conclusion drawing (kesimpulan). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa refleksi sosiopsikologis perilaku masyarakat terpuji dan tidak terpuji pada masyarakat sekarang masih ada. Perilaku masyarakat sekarang tidak terlepas dari berbagai konflik yang ada disekitarnya. Demi sebuah kepentingan, seseorang melakukan segala upaya untuk memenuhi apa yang diinginkannya, dan sekaligus sebagai pemicu timbulnya berbagai perilaku, baik perilaku terpuji maupun perilaku tidak terpuji. Seperti penggambaran tokoh Cupak yang memiliki sifat tidak terpuji: serakah, dusta, tidak adil, malas, curang, tidak amanah dan sebagainya. Begitu juga sebaliknya penggambaran tokoh Gurantang yang memiliki sifat terpuji: adil, rajin, kreatif, kerja keras, sopan santun, jujur dan sebagainya.Kata kunci: : Refleksi Sosiopsikologis, Masyarakat dan Karakter Tokoh   Cupak Gurantang.
Outcomes of Re-fixation after the First Intraocular Lens Scleral Fixation
Authors: Nah Seung Kwan , Kim Jong Woo , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jae Hui
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of re-fixation after the first intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who underwent second IOL scleral fixation and vitrectomy for dislocation of IOL after the first IOL scleral fixation. We compared the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spherical equivalent (SE) after 1 month of the first and second surgery, and noted the complications. Results: We included 21 eyes that underwent second IOL scleral fixation: 13 eyes (61.9%) with IOL exchange and eight (38.1%) with one-haptic fixation. Mean BCVAs (LogMAR) were 0.17 ± 0.25 and 0.11 ± 0.23 after the first and second surgery, respectively (p = 0.073); mean SEs were -0.94 ± 1.69 and -0.58 ± 1.46 diopters after the first and second surgery, respectively (p = 0.076). Postoperative complications occurred in eight eyes (38.1%), including temporarily increased intraocular pressure and suture knots exposure. However, none of the complications required re-operation. Conclusions: The outcomes of primary and secondary IOL fixation were similar, and there were no serious complications of the second surgery.
Las pymes intensivas en conocimiento de Ciudad Juárez: Diversidad de trayectorias, prácticas y entendimientos sobre la I4.0
Authors: Matus Ruiz Maximino , Carrillo Jorge
Published: September 2021

The objective is to analyze the trajectory of knowledge-intensive SMEs in Ciudad Juarez, with the determination to understand how the concept I4.0 has been defined. The methodology applied in- depth interviews with managers and visits to companies. The results show that the particular trajectory of the maquiladora industry in this city, as well as the experience in automation of local SMEs facilitate the appropriation of the new industrial model. The originality of the study relies on the fact that it is one of the few qualitative studies that explore the incursion of SMEs to I4.0 on the northern border of Mexico. The conclusions show that the adverse environmental conditions have meant that some SMEs fail in their evolution towards I4.0, while others have opted for hybrid models, and the most successful have managed to scale towards the new industrial model thanks to their relation with other institutions of the innovation ecosystem. The main limitation of the study is that sample is composed of 4 SMEs and the results cannot be generalized.
Pandemias na ordem do dia: Covid-19 e a gripe espanhola (re)tratada na imprensa brasileira
Authors: Santos Maycon Dougllas Vieira dos , Soares Thiago Barbosa
Published: September 2021

Nosso principal objetivo neste texto consiste em analisar os discursos provenientes das reportagens publicadas acerca do passado epidêmico de gripe espanhola no Brasil, estampadas nos jornais de grande circulação nacional, e que utilizaremos para nossa análise, tais como: “Portal G1”, “El País”, “Jornal Cidade”, principalmente entre os meses de abril e maio de 2020. Essas reportagens se interrelacionam com os aspectos da situação pandêmica do presente, evocando, na construção da narrativa, uma memória discursiva, que indicializa determinados aspectos, contrastes e efeitos de sentidos variados. Abordaremos, neste empreendimento investigativo, os consagrados pressupostos da Análise de Discurso de tradição francesa, mais especificamente, os estudos de Michel Pêcheux, Michel Foucault e Eni Orlandi, para desenvolver nossas análises. Daremos destaque ao conceito de memória discursiva, e como ela pode iluminar os debates que a própria imprensa se propõe a realizar quando reconstitui a historicidade da epidemia de gripe espanhola no Brasil.
“De todos os pontos partirão reclamações”: cólera e medo no Piauí (1862-1866)
Authors: Baptista Marcus Pierre de Carvalho , Nascimento Francisco de Assis de Sousa , Baptista Elisabeth Mary de Carvalho
Published: September 2021

No ano de 1856, o presidente da província do Piauí em seu relatório de gestão apresentado à Assembleia Legislativa Provincial, registrou a incidência de um horrível flagelo no Brasil, ressaltando que este, por força da providência divina, ainda não havia chegado em terras piauienses. Este flagelo tratava-se do cólera. Assim, em um contexto do império enfermo, o Piauí enfrentou epidemias de diversas doenças, dentre elas, o cólera, que “assombrou” a província. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi refletir, a partir de estudo de documentos do poder executivo, sobre a presença desta enfermidade na segunda metade do século XIX no Piauí e como esta afetou o imaginário da época no tocante ao medo. O estudo indicou que a incidência do cólera perturbou o imaginário da população piauiense pelo medo de sua disseminação e morte por seu contágio.
Análisis territorial de la incidencia de Covid-19: modelización e índice de calidad de vida em Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Gómez Javier
Published: September 2021

Este estudio investiga la distribución espacial de los casos de Covid-19 en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina, en el periodo entre marzo de 2020 y abril de 2021. Identifica patrones de agrupamiento de distritos en periodos de tiempo seleccionados y analiza la relación entre la incidencia de casos y un índice de calidad de vida (ICV). Los datos provienen del Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Santa Fe y del censo Nacional de Población de 2010 (INDEC) y de una proyección al año 2020 (IPEC). La autocorrelación espacial se evaluó mediante el Índice de Moran Global. Los resultados mediante el Índice de Moran Local mostraron una autocorrelación espacial positiva de la incidencia de casos de Covid-19 en los distritos santafesinos y notorios contrastes espacio-temporales: con-glomerados con indicador alto en las regiones sur y centro, y conglo-merados con baja incidencia en el norte.
Da “doença misteriosa dos homossexuais” à Aids: notas sobre Aids na Revista Manchete – década de 1980
Authors: Vázquez Georgiane Garabely Heil , Gomes Frederico Renan Hilgenberg
Published: September 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como a “Revista Manchete” abordou a pandemia de Aids na década de 1980 no Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento dos textos da revista que abordavam a pandemia, tendo sido levantados 260 textos durante a década. Esses textos, por sua vez, foram divididos em 19 categorias e a categoria com maior número de reportagens foi a de “Ciência, medicina e saúde” com 66 resultados. Foram selecionadas quatro reportagens que tiveram destaque dentro da revista ao longo dos anos 1980: a primeira reportagem sobre a Aids; a série de reportagens sobre a Aids em que a “Manchete” foi premiada; e a retrospectiva sobre os dez anos de pandemia. Conclui-se que a revista realizou uma mudança no discurso entre a relação Aids e sexualidade. A “Manchete” utilizou-se muito do discurso médico para fundamentar seus textos, porém apresentou um discurso polifônico e essa polifonia se estende a Aids.
A docência no Ensino Superior: mapeamento da formação inicial e continuada dos professores de Administração
Authors: Brito Francisco Lucas dos Santos , Bessa Marcos James Chaves , Monteiro Rachel Rachelley Matos , Magalhães Junior Antonio Germano
Published: September 2021

Examina a formação pedagógica dos docentes de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) por meio do mapeamento das formações iniciais e continuadas – em especial, a dos professores e os saberes necessários para o exercício do magistério. A pesquisa envolveu estudos bibliográficos e uma análise quantitativa de todos os docentes atuantes na área de Administração na IES em maio de 2020. Os principais fundamentos teórico-metodológicos do estudo, foram Tardif (2002), Gauthier et al. (2013) e Pimenta e Anastasiou (2014). Na pesquisa, foi estudado o vínculo institucional de cada partícipe com a Universidade, formações inicial, continuada, formação complementar, bem como produção bibliográfica, cujos resultados apontaram a necessidade de uma formação pedagógica contínua, assim, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento profissional da categoria.
A reciprocidade dos sentidos compartilhados: ideias para humanizar as relações sociais no Ensino Superior
Authors: Vicente Rodrigo Aparecido
Published: September 2021

Retomando os estudos do sociólogo alemão Georg Simmel (1858-1918) acerca das transformações da percepção humana na metrópole moderna, este artigo propõe uma reflexão em torno de problemas emergentes no contexto pandemia de Covid-19, sobretudo, aqueles que afetam diretamente as relações sociais nos espaços pedagógicos. Surgidas no interior de um curso de graduação em Musicoterapia de uma universidade pública brasileira, as ideias apresentadas aqui têm em mira a qualidade da vida psíquica e social de docentes e discentes que se depararam com uma crise sem precedentes, tendo que se adaptar ao Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) em um curto espaço de tempo. Como forma de resistência e (re)existência neste cenário, propõe-se o compartilhamento de práticas e ações que cultivem as faculdades sensíveis e intelectuais do ser humano, as quais encontram acolhida privilegiada em cursos que conjugam artes e humanidades.
Hybrid Nanoparticles as an Efficient Porphyrin Delivery System for Cancer Cells to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Silva Letícia B. , Castro Kelly A. D. F. , Botteon Caroline E. A. , Oliveira Cristiano L. P. , da Silva Roberto S. , Marcato Priscyla D.
Published: September 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential non-invasive approach for application in oncological diseases, based on the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by light at a specific wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger the death tumor cells. In this context, porphyrins are interesting PS because they are robust, have high chemical, photo, thermal, and oxidative stability, and can generate singlet oxygen (1O2). However, porphyrins exhibit low solubility and a strong tendency to aggregate in a biological environment which limits their clinical application. To overcome these challenges, we developed hybrid nanostructures to immobilize 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[(4-carboxyphenyl) thio-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl] (P), a new third-generation PS. The biological effect of this system was evaluated against bladder cancer (BC) cells with or without light exposition. The nanostructure composed of lipid carriers coated by porphyrin-chitosan (P-HNP), presented a size of ca. 130 nm and low polydispersity (ca. 0.25). The presence of the porphyrin-chitosan (P-chitosan) on lipid nanoparticle surfaces increased the nanoparticle size, changed the zeta potential to positive, decreased the recrystallization index, and increased the thermal stability of nanoparticles. Furthermore, P-chitosan incorporation on nanoparticles increased the stability and enhanced the self-organization of the system and the formation of spherical structures, as observed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. Furthermore, the immobilization process maintained the P photoactivity and improved the photophysical properties of PS, minimizing its aggregation in the cell culture medium. In the photoinduction assays, the P-HNP displayed high phototoxicity with IC50 3.2-folds lower than free porphyrin. This higher cytotoxic effect can be correlated to the high cellular uptake of porphyrin immobilized, as observed by confocal images. Moreover, the coated nanoparticles showed mucoadhesive properties interesting to its application in vivo. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles may be relevant to improve the porphyrin photodynamic activity in BC cells.
Erroneous Belief that Digestive Stability Predicts Allergenicity May Lead to Greater Risk for Novel Food Proteins
Authors: Herman Rod A. , Roper Jason M.
Published: September 2021

There continues to be an erroneous belief that allergens (especially food allergens) are more resistant to gastrointestinal digestion than non-allergens. Government regulations based on this erroneous belief may result in technology developers altering the amino acid sequences of digestively stable native proteins to create digestively unstable modified versions for expression in genetically engineered crops. However, an investigation where a known stable allergen was modified to make it more digestible eliminated the protein’s ability to tolerize against allergy in a mouse model, which is consistent with the dual allergen exposure hypothesis. Thus, the false belief that digestive stability increases the allergenic risk of novel food proteins (e.g., such as expressed in genetically engineered crops) could, in some cases, lead to introduction of digestively unstable modified protein versions with greater sensitization risk. However, it is noteworthy that developers have historically been very effective at preventing allergens from being introduced into crops based on the other components of the weight-of-evidence assessment of allergenic risk such that no newly expressed protein in any commercialized genetically engineered crop has ever been documented to cause allergy in anyone.
Exosomes Regulate Interclonal Communication on Osteogenic Differentiation Among Heterogeneous Osteogenic Single-Cell Clones Through PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy
Authors: Fei Dongdong , Xia Yanmin , Zhai Qiming , Wang Yazheng , Zhou Feng , Zhao Wanmin , He Xiaoning , Wang Qintao , Jin Yan , Li Bei
Published: September 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are intrinsically heterogeneous and are comprised of distinct subpopulations that differ in their differentiation potential. A deeper understanding of the heterogeneity and intercellular communication within these heterogeneous subpopulations has significant implications for the potential of MSC-based therapy from the bench to the clinic. Here, we focused on the clonal osteogenic heterogeneity of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and explored how interclonal communication affects the osteogenic differentiation among these heterogeneous single-cell colonies (SCCs), and sought to determine the underlying mechanisms. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining identified the presence of SCCs with high (H-SCCs) and low osteogenic ability (L-SCCs). Conditioned medium derived from H-SCCs (H-CM) promoted mineralized nodule formation to a greater extent than that derived from L-SCCs (L-CM), which served as the target cells (TCs). However, treatment with the exosome biogenesis/release inhibitor GW4869 reduced the H-CM- and L-CM-related osteogenic differentiation-promoting potential. We further found that exosomes secreted by H-SCCs (H-Exo) were superior to those secreted by L-SCCs (L-Exo) in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of TCs. Mechanistically, TCs stimulated with H-CM and H-Exo exhibited higher levels of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, while gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy was positively associated with SCC osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, PINK1 knock-down in H-Exo- and L-Exo-stimulated TCs inhibited their osteogenic differentiation through inhibiting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized mechanism that an exosome-mediated PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy regulates interclonal communication among SCCs with osteogenic heterogeneity.
Low Genetic Connectivity of Strongly Inbred Ruppia brevipedunculata in Aquaculture Dominated Lagoons (Viet Nam)
Authors: Triest Ludwig , Dierick Jasper , Phan Thi Thuy Hang , Luong Quang Doc , Huy Nguyen Quang , Sierens Tim
Published: September 2021

Lagoonal environments exhibit high levels of instability depending on hydrological, climatic and ecological factors, thereby influencing the distribution and structure of submerged plant communities. Conditions typically fluctuate widely due to the interaction of freshwater from rivers with saltwater from the sea, as well as from aquaculture activities that together influence submerged hydrophyte community spatial and temporal variability depending on plant survival strategies. Ruppia species feature either underwater pollination mediated by an air bubble or by the release of pollen floating at the water surface, the former promoting self-pollination. Tropical Asian Ruppia brevipedunculata Yu and den Hartog was assumed to pollinate below the water surface and identified as a separate lineage among selfed Ruppia taxa. We used nine nuclear microsatellites to estimate inbreeding levels and connectivity of R. brevipedunculata within a large SE Asian lagoon complex. Ruppia brevipedunculata meadows were strongly inbred as could be derived from the many monomorphic or totally fixed loci for unique alleles in different parts of the lagoon, which appears consistent with selfing behavior. Those from aquaculture ponds were highly inbred (FIS = 0.620), though less than open lagoon sites that showed nearly total inbreeding (FIS = 0.942). Ruppia brevipedunculata from two major lagoon parts were highly differentiated with spatially structured gene pools and a strong barrier between parts of the lagoon over a 30 km distance. Migration-n analysis indicated unidirectional though limited gene flow and following potential hydrological connectivity. Overall, private alleles under homozygote conditions explained a stronger genetic differentiation of populations situated inside aquaculture ponds than of open lagoon populations. Kinship values were only relevant up to 5 km distance in the open lagoon. Within a confined area of aquaculture ponds featuring dense vegetation in stagnant water, there would be opportunity for mixed pollination, thereby explaining the higher diversity of unique multilocus genotypes of aquaculture pond habitats. Low connectivity prevents gene pools to homogenize however promoted sites with private alleles across the lagoon. Complex hydrodynamic systems and human-made habitats enclosed by physical structures impose barriers for propagule dispersal though may create refugia and contribute to conserving regional genetic diversity.