bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different spacer-arm attached magnetic nanoparticles for covalent immobilization of Jack bean urease
Authors: Gulesci Nuri , Yucebilgic Guzide , Yildirim Deniz
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aims the covalent immobilization of Jack bean urease on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via glutaraldehyde (urease@MNPs-Si-Glu) and epichlorohydrin (urease@MNPs-ECH) spacer arms.

Methods

The optimum pH and temperature, thermal, storage and reuse stability of free and immobilized urease preparations were investigated. Thermodynamics characterizations of free and immobilized urease preparations were also studied.

Results

The free urease and both immobilized urease preparations showed maximal catalytic activity at pH 7.5. The free urease had a maximal catalytic activity at 50 °C, while the both immobilized urease preparations exhibited their maximal catalytic activities at 70 °C. The urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNP-ECH showed 2.7- and 1.9-fold higher thermal stability than the free urease at 60 °C, respectively. The free urease remained 30% of their initial activity at 4 °C, while urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNPs-ECH retained 72 and 60% of their initial activities at the same conditions. The urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNPs-ECH preserved 53 and 52% of their initial activities, respectively for urea hydrolysis after 20 reuses.

Conclusions

The urease@MNPs-Si-Glu and urease@MNPs-ECH may find a potential application area in urea hydrolysis.
Людвик Скумин-Тышкевич – карьера на стыке эпох. От великого маршалка литовского до действительного тайного советника Российской империи
Authors: Burba Domininkas
Published: April 2022

В статье исследуется жизненный путь одного из аристократов Великого Княжества Литовского позднее ставшего подданным Российской империи Людвика Скумин-Тышкевича (1748–1808). Это был человек, которому повезло не только избежать репрессий или лишений во времена суровых перемен, но и войти в элиту тогдашнего общества, получить доверие новой власти. В исследовании анализируется карьерные траектории аристократа и изучается причины, благодаря которым представитель не самого могущественного рода Литвы сумел попасть в элиту тогдашнего общества.
Motivated Helplessness in the Coronavirus Pandemic: Experimental Evidence that Perceived Helplessness to Avoid the Virus Reduces Fear of Covid-19
Authors: Lifshin Uri , Mikulincer Mario , Kretchner Mabelle
Published: April 2022

Introduction: According to the motivated helplessness hypothesis, thinking that there is nothing to do to avoid the coronavirus may make people less afraid of being infected (Lifshin et al., 2020). Previous correlational evidence indicated that high levels of helplessness were associated with diminished fear of COVID-19 (Lifshin et al., 2020; Lifshin & Mikulincer, 2021). Method: We tested if manipulated perceived helplessness to avoid the virus using bogus messages (high, low or moderate helplessness) would reduce fear of COVID-19, state anxiety, and motivation for protective actions. Results: Supporting the hypothesis, in the high helplessness condition, higher perceived helplessness related to less fear of COVID-19, but this did not occur in the low and moderate helplessness control conditions. Perceived helplessness in the helplessness condition also indirectly reduced state anxiety and motivation for protective actions. Discussion: This research may advance the psychological study of helplessness and our understanding of human behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Imagined Oceans
Authors: Eperjesi John R.
Published: April 2022

Over the past twenty years, Black Atlantic Afrofuturism has been the dominant theoretical frame for thinking about the significance of Drexciya’s aquatically themed techno music and mythology. Yet there have been few analyses of Drexciya from the perspective of ecology, of the ocean as a marine environment. Through a semiotic analysis of Drexciya’s 1993 EP Bubble Metropolis, this paper moves the discussion of Drexciya in the direction of ecocriticism and blue cultural studies, or more broadly, the blue humanities, in order to interpret the stories it tells about an imagined ocean. What do these stories mean? Why are these stories important now? Through the production and circulation of oceanic narratives that encourage listeners to imagine, wonder about, and groove to the ocean, Drexciya’s music and mythology can be understood as a form of “pre-emptive activism,” which designates indirect activist modes that inspire people to care about places, such as an ocean, that they take for granted or ignore. By imagining oceans full of sound, Drexciya fostered a tacit form of marine environmentalism in the 1990s. With oceanic ecosystems on the edge of collapse as a result of the climate emergency, all forms of marine activism, from the direct to the indirect, have gained a new sense of urgency. We need to listen to Drexciya now more than ever.
Opposition to a Final Decision on the Granting of a Patent or other Exclusive Rights After Changes in Industrial Property Law
Authors: Sieńczyło-Chlabicz Joanna
Published: April 2022

The aim of this article is primarily to analyse the norms of the opposition procedure to a final decision on granting a patent, a utility-model protection right or a registration right, contained in Art. 246–247 of the Industrial Property Law (IPL), taking into account both the provisions of substantive and procedural law as well as legal effects resulting from the adopted normative solutions regarding Art. 247 of the IPL in the amendment to the IPL of 16 October 2019. The model of opposition procedure adopted in Poland with the objection procedure in force in the Munich Convention is assessed. The presentation of the regulation of the opposition in the Munich Convention allows for a comparative legal analysis of the solutions contained therein with the relatively modest regulation provided for in Art. 246–247 of the IPL. The legal nature of the opposition, its subject and substantive legal grounds, as well as the inconsistently defined nature of the opposition period, are addressed. The controversial nature of the opposition proceedings is also discussed. The considerations made allowed for the formulation of de lege lata and de lege ferenda conclusions.
Selected Aspects of the Implementation into Polish Law of the Amended Audiovisual Media Services Directive
Authors: Matlak Andrzej
Published: April 2022

The changes in the audiovisual media services market that have taken place in recent years have resulted in quite intensive work in the European Union (starting in 2015) on the revision of certain directives concerning this economic area. One of the pieces of EU law that was decided to be updated was the Audiovisual Media Services Directive. This is because it was pointed out that since the last amendment of this directive, there had been a significant and rapid development of the audiovisual media services market due to the progressive convergence of television and internet services. The advancement of technology has allowed the emergence of new types of services and new ways of using them. In addition, it has been stressed that viewing habits have changed considerably, especially among younger viewers. New types of messaging, such as short forms of video and user-generated content, have grown in importance, and new entrants, including video-on-demand providers and video-sharing platform providers, have already established their position. This media convergence has called for an updated legal framework in the EU to take account of market developments and to strike a balance in access to content in online services, as well as to ensure consumer protection and competitiveness. Directive 2018/1808 was to be implemented by the EU Member States by 19 September 2020 but Poland did not meet this deadline; it was not until 11 August 2021 that the relevant amendments to the Broadcasting Act and the Cinematography Act were enacted. Most of its provisions came into force on 1 November 2021, while others entered into force on 1 January 2022. Considering the way in which most of the provisions of Directive 2018/1808 have been implemented into Polish law, one can defend the view that it was done rationally from the perspective of Polish media service providers. The liberalisation of quantitative advertising limits may contribute to raising more funds in the advertising market by broadcasters. It has been pointed out that leaving the existing regulations unchanged would place broadcasters under Polish jurisdiction in an unfavourable competitive position in relation to broadcasters of programmes available in Poland who are under the jurisdiction of other EU Member States. The intention to put providers of on-demand media services on an equal footing with providers of video-sharing platforms also seems reasonable, as the main objective of Directive 2018/1808 is to ensure proper competition between different categories of entities competing in the electronic media sector.
The Right of Communication to the Public of Works on the Internet in EU Law (Directive 2001/29 v. Directive 2019/790): Is There Any Definable Scope of This Right?
Authors: Markiewicz Michał
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the controversy in defining the scope of the right of communication to the public of works provided in Article 3 InfoSoc, especially in the ‘creative’ interpretations made by the CJEU. Based on these considerations, I justify a position qualifying Article 17 DSM, as a provision performing a statutory ‘balancing act’ between the premises determining the scope of the right to communicate a work to the public in the case of online content-sharing service providers. In this view, Article 17 DSM does not modify the concept of making works available to the public, and the premises for the scope of the right from the DSM were already available for ‘interpretation’ based on Article 3 InfoSoc.
Controversies Around the Concept of “Official Material”
Authors: Grzybowski Marcin
Published: April 2022

Art. 4(2) of the Act of Copyright and Related Rights (1994) excludes the texts mentioned therein from the protection provided for in the copyright law. The legislator makes use of the reference to the regulation of national law contained in the Berne Convention. Of the exclusions listed in Art. 4(2) ‘official materials’ are the most undefined conceptual category. In many judgments the administrative courts have placed all written studies which did not have the characteristics of an ‘official document’ in the category of ‘official materials’. This concerns materials produced by public authorities and studies submitted at the request of an office by external entities. The author analyses judgments of administrative courts in which the concept of official material appeared and the qualifications to this category. He points to the jurisprudence according to which the official material is a text which a) comes from a public authority, b) relates to an official case, and c) was created as a result of an official procedure. This approach is opposed by the Supreme Court in their judgment of 2009 and the bulk of copyright doctrine. In the final part the author discusses the status of the expert studies and justifies his own terminology proposals.
The Right to Flat-Rate Compensation for an Employer’s Infringement of an Employee’s Economic Copyright
Authors: Kwiecień Sebastian , Witoszko Wioletta
Published: April 2022

The issue of determining the amount of flat-rate compensation for an employer’s infringement of an employee’s copyright of their own work remains disputed, particularly in practice. It is a claim for payment of a sum of money corresponding to twice the remuneration that at the time of its investigation would have been due by way of consent to the use of the work by the rightholder. The article presents a problematic issue regarding the award of compensation to an employee who proves copyright infringement but who is not obliged to determine the type of damage or its extent, nor to prove the fault of the employer.
Termination of the Employment Relationship of a Researcher Because of Plagiarism
Authors: Stefański Krzysztof , Żywolewska Katarzyna
Published: April 2022

This article explains the concept of plagiarism and the legal regulations which result from the effects of plagiarism by a researcher. Compliance with copyright is undoubtedly a fundamental and extremely important duty of academics. The provisions of the Act on the Polish Academy of Sciences, on research institutes and on higher education and science are discussed. Depending on the basis for establishing the employment relationship and the unit in which the researcher is employed, the legislator has defined various effects in a situation where plagiarism is committed. If a researcher plagiarises, he or she may be disciplined, and the employment relationship may then be terminated. The analysis of the provisions and the relevant judgments of the courts show that the legislator has not clearly regulated these issues, hence the critical remarks and de lege ferenda conclusions.
Primary aldosteronism with mild autonomous cortisol secretion increases renal complication risk
Authors: Katabami Takuyuki , Matsuba Ren , Kobayashi Hiroki , Nakagawa Tomoko , Kurihara Isao , Ichijo Takamasa , Tsuiki Mika , Wada Norio , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Sone Masakatsu , Inagaki Nobuya , Yoshimoto Takanobu , Takahashi Katsutoshi , Yamamoto Koichi , Izawa Shoichiro , Kakutani Miki , Tanabe Akiyo , Naruse Mitsuhide , _ _
Published: April 2022

Objective

In primary aldosteronism (PA), renal impairment has been identified as an important comorbidity. Excess cortisol production also may lead to renal damage; thus, concomitant mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) may predispose PA patients to renal disorders. However, there is limited evidence to support this claim. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the concurrence of MACS and PA increases the risk of renal complications.

Design

This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods

A total of 1310 patients with PA were stratified into two groups according to 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results (cut-off post-DST serum cortisol 1.8 µg/dL): MACS (n = 340) and non-MACS (n = 970). The prevalence of renal complications was compared between the group. We also performed multiple logistic regression analysis to determine factors that increase the risk for renal complications.

Results

The prevalence of lowered estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria was nearly twice higher in the MACS group than in the non-MACS group. Not only plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) but also the presence of MACS was selected as independent factors that were associated with the two renal outcomes. The risk of lower eGFR or proteinuria in patients who had MACS and higher levels PAC was several folds higher than in those who had an absence of MACS and lower levels of PAC.

Conclusions

MACS is an independent risk factor for renal complications in patients with PA, and MACS concomitant with higher aldosterone secretion in PA patients causes an increase in the risk of developing renal complications.
PROFESSOR ROMAN ROMANOVYCH VYRZHYKIVSKY. To the 130th anniversary of the birthday
Authors: Shatalov M.M.
Published: April 2022

Among geologists of the 20—30 years of the twentieth century. the leading place in Ukraine was occupied by the repressed in 1937, professor Roman Romanovych Vyrzhykivsky (1891—1937). At the Kiev University of St. Vladimir, he was a very capable student of N.I. Andrusov and the famous petrographer and mineralogist, professor, later academician V.I. Luchitsky. In the history of geological science, R.R. Vyrzhykivsky entered as a researcher of the Black Sea region, and the south-west of the European part of the USSR (Ukraine, Moldova), as well as a talented organizer of geological work, a brilliant surveyor geologist, tectonist and an outstanding hydrogeologist. The scientist was the head of geological survey work in Transnistria and prepared for printing the first geological map of 10 versts scale — «Transnistria» (Dniester region). Later, this map became the basis for prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits in Transnistria. In the studied region, he first discovered numerous deposits of phosphorites, cement raw materials, kaolin, flint, building sands, sandstones, tripoli, lithographic stone and underground drinking water. At the same time, the young scientist described for the first time a unique ridge of reef limestones of Middle Sarmatian age, which he traced in the meridional direction from the lower reaches of the river Kamenka along its left bank to the north, in Podillia. In the Shargorod region of Transnistria (Dniester region), the scientist found Paleogene marine deposits, and he identified the Podolsk stage in the Miocene layers of Podolia. In a number of scientific works of Roman Romanovich, data are presented in the field of fault-block tectonics and neotectonic movements of Transnistria and the Black Sea region. R.R. Vyrzhykivsky also considered the issue of modern transgressions of the Black Sea in the most complete way. This work of the scientist was one of the first evidence of the manifestation of the latest tectonic movements in the region of the Northern Black Sea region and the Black Sea. R.R. Vyrzhykivsky rightfully belongs to the galaxy of the greatest scientists—hydrogeologists of Ukraine and Moldova. In particular, he laid the foundations for the hydrogeological zoning of the territory of Moldova for the first time. Within Moldova, he identified the Middle Sarmatian, Cretaceous and Silurian water-saturated horizons. Merits of R.R. Vyrzhykivsky in the field of hydrogeological problems of Ukraine can hardly be overestimated. He made a huge practical contribution to the water supply of large industrial cities and agglomerations of the country. In 1932 R.R. Vyrzhykivsky published the monograph «Hydrogeology» in Ukrainian, which played a huge role in the training of national hydrogeologists. In it, he for the first time presented the results of the hydrogeological zoning of the territory of Ukraine. It is important that the hydrogeological zoning scheme, with minor changes, is still being used by the hydrogeologists of our country.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit dari Daun Sirsak Annona Muricata L. dan Aktivitas Antibakterinya terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen
Authors: Janatiningrum Isra , Hasan Akhmad Endang Zainal , Riyanti Eny Ida
Published: April 2022

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a plant with many health benefits. Soursop leaves are widely used as traditional medicine by Indonesian citizen for wound infection healing. The antibacterial activity of soursop leaves cannot be separated from the presence of endophytic microbes that live inside. Endophytic bacteria live in plant tissues and have beneficial for their host plants. Endophytic microbes are able to produce same secondary metabolites as their host such as producing antibacterial compounds. Thirty one bacterial endophytes were isolated from soursop leaves that from 3 different regions: Garut, Cianjur, and Sukabumi. Morphologically, endophytic bacterial isolates from the three regions had different diversity. Bacterial isolates were tested for their activity against 4 test pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus mutans, and Streptococcus aureus. Antibacterial test using disc diffusion method with chloramphenicol 500 m/mL as positive control. Based on the antibacterial activity test, isolate G42 was able to inhibit all types of test bacteria. G42 isolates forms a zone of inhibition up to 17 mm in P. aeroginosa. Based on 16S rRNA, G42 isolates had similarity with Pantoea wallisii up to 93.24%. This study shows that endophytic bacteria isolated from soursop leaves have the potential to be developed into antibacterial agents.
Kajian Mutu Produk Tablet Metformin Hidroklorida Extended-Release yang Dipasarkan di Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeni Yuni , Mufidah Umniyaty , Mansur Umar
Published: April 2022

Some metformin hydrochloride extended-release (MetHCl-XR) tablet products have been marketed in Indonesia with varying prices. In general, price is considered to indicates the quality of a product. This research was conducted to review the products quality, especially the dissolution rate of the products, and to find out if the price is an indicator of the product quality. Three brands of MetHCl 500 mg XR tablets were randomly selected, namely Tablet A, B, and C which the price of Tablet B > A > C, then the Tablets were characterized. The results showed that Tablet A, B, and C contain MetHCl with an average of 100.61%, 98.72%, and 101.15% respectively, and met the uniformity of dosage unit requirement. Tablet A met the requirements of dissolution tests 1, 2, 3, and 4, while Tablet B and C met the requirements of dissolution tests 1 and 3. The cumulative percentage of MetHCl release at the 10th hour of Tablet A, B, and C were 94.18%, 97.24%, and 94.59% respectively with the release kinetics of Tablet A and B following Higuchi model, whereas Tablet C following a first-order. Drug release of all tablets occurred in non-Fick diffusion. In conclusion, the three tablets met the standards required by USP 43 and the price is not an indicator of MetHCl-XR tablet products quality.
Treatment Pattern of Antiepileptic Drugs in Pediatric with Epilepsy
Authors: S Dwajani , KS Meghana , S Krithika , E Adarsh
Published: April 2022

Studying drug utilization helps to develop twin concepts for therapeutic formulation and essential drug lists. The main preference of using Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy is that patients can be seizure-free for their lifetime. Treating children with epilepsy remains a major challenge, despite having several AEDs. Hence, we aimed to study drug utilization patterns among pediatric patients with epilepsy. This prospective study was conducted on 150 patients lesser than 18 years of age, receiving antiepileptic drugs. A specially designed case record form was used to collect the data on socioeconomic status, disease data, and treatment details. The majority of the children were females (60.6%), ages ranged from day 1 to 4 years (56.6%). About 35.33% were skilled laborers followed by 32.23% semi-skilled. Around 49.3% of patients belonged to the lower-middle-class family and 41.33% were diagnosed to have generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). The majority of the children were on monotherapy (81.33%) while 18.66% were on dual therapy or polytherapy. Regarding the usage of antiepileptic drugs, we found that 70.66% of children were on older AEDs like sodium valproate (27.33%) followed by clobazam (31.33%). Levetiracetam was the only new antiepileptic drug that was prescribed in 10% of patients. Monotherapy is considered as best modality, due to its low cost, safety profile, and lesser drug interactions. It can also improve drug treatment compliance and adherence. Along with older AEDs, there has been an increase in the utilization of newer AEDs, which help to broaden the therapeutic option towards the management of childhood epilepsy with a better safety profile.
Diversificación económica y creación de contenido local en el marco del desarrollo de la minería aurífera en Colombia
Authors: Tarra-Almario Jorge Armando , Restrepo Oscar Jaime
Published: April 2022

Colombia posee un gran potencial en recursos naturales donde el oro es un actor principal de ese potencial. En las últimas décadas, este metal precioso a jugando un papel importante y fundamental en la dinámica social y económica de regiones como Antioquia, Chocó, Bolívar y valle del Cauca entre otras. Mostrando que la minería aurífera puede desempeñar un rol importante en la reactivación económica, aporte a la diversificación económica y creación de contenido local en las regiones donde se desarrollan los proyectos mineros. Lo anterior es posible siempre y cuando el proceso de extracción y beneficio del metal precioso se realice bajo el control y supervisión de un buen sistema de gobernanza que garantice un correcto aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales genere las condiciones que den soporte al aparato económico de las regiones y la nación en general.
Literal and metaphorical usages of Babanki EAT and DRINK verbs
Authors: Akumbu Pius W. , Kießling Roland
Published: April 2022

In Babanki, a Grassfields Bantu language of North-West Cameroon, two of the numerous consumption verbs, namely the generic verbs ʒɨ́ ‘eat’ and ɲʉ́ ‘drink’, constitute a major source of metaphorical extensions outside the domain of ingestion. Setting out from a characterisation of the basic meanings of these two lexical items as they emerge from their paradigmatic relations within the semantic field of alimentation processes, this paper explores the figurative usages of the two verbs and their underlying semantic motivations. Semantic extensions that radiate from eat can be subsumed under two closely related structural metaphors, i.e. APPROPRIATION OF RESOURCES IS EATING and WINNING IS EATING. The first metaphor construes the acquisition and exploitation of non-food items such as material possession as eating, while the second metaphor casts the acquisition of immaterial advantage in the mould of eating. Both metaphors have further entailments, i.e. the derivation of pleasure from consumption of resources, the depletion of resources via consumption and the deprivation of a third party from access to these resources. Semantic extensions that radiate from drink can be accounted for in two structural metaphors, i.e. INHALATION IS DRINKING and ABSORPTION IS DRINKING. Remarkably, some metaphorical extensions of consumption verbs attested in other African languages, such as extensions of EAT for sexual intercourse and for killing, and the extensions of DRINK for undergoing trouble and enduring painful experiences are absent in Babanki.
Natural Diet of the Common Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) off Lagos Coast, Nigeria
Authors: Oluboba T.F. , Lawal-Are A.O.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis is one of the economically important species in the Class Cephalopoda. The study aimed to determine the natural diet of S. officinalis collected off Lagos coast, Nigeria. A total of 1082 samples were caught with the use of bottom trawl nets between 1000 and 1200 hrs over a period of eighteen months (August 2018 to January 2020) from eight stations off Lagos coast. Although the proportion of empty stomach was higher in wet season, the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Frequency of occurrence, numerical and fullness methods were used for analysing the food items. Of the 1,082 specimens examined, 90 (8.32%) were empty stomachs and 992 (91.68%) were found with food. Diet items sighted were grouped into eight major categories; these were fish parts (bones, eyes and scales), crustaceans (amphipods, shrimps and portunid crabs), annelids, filamentous algae, diatoms, sand grains, plant materials and unidentified masses. Crustaceans were the most abundant in large and medium size cuttlefish, while in the small size; fishes were dominant in their stomach contents. Cuttlefish can be regarded as euryphagous; feeding on wide range of organisms. Thus, there is dynamism in the feeding habit from carnivores to omnivorous.
Reference intervals and physiological variations of the macro-mineral plasma concentrations in Ouled Djellal ewes
Authors: Boudebza A. , Abdeldjelil M.C. , Arzour-Lakhel N. , Lakhdara N.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This study aimed to establish values and reference intervals of macro-mineral plasma concentrations, as well as the variations of these variables depending on the physiological stages of Ouled Djellal ewes, reared in the Northeast of Algeria. Six plasma macro-mineral elements: calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl), were analyzed in blood samples belonging to one hundred thirty-four (n=134) healthy Ouled Djellal ewes (2-5 years old). Obtained levels were statistically analyzed using Reference Value Adviser software in order to establish the reference intervals. In addition, a follow-up study using thirty (30) ewes was carried out to determine the variations of these same parameters depending on the animals’ physiological stages. Animals were subjected to blood sampling during seven periods of their reproductive cycle (dry period; early gestation; mid-gestation; late gestation; early lactation; mid-lactation; after weaning). Reference intervals values for the studied macro elements were: Ca (66-106.7 mgl/L), P (30.5-85 mg/L), Mg (17-32 mg/L), Na (132.6-165 mEq/L), K (3.8-6.2 mEq/L) and Cl (98-123.9 mEq/L). The follow-up study showed significant variations of these macro-elements according to the animal’s reproductive stages. In late gestation, both calcium and magnesium levels increased significantly; however, they showed a significant decrease in early lactation. Phosphatemia was significantly higher in both dry and empty ewes. The lowest values of sodium and potassium were recorded at the beginning of lactation. Chlorine plasma levels decreased very significantly in mid-lactation. Such results provide baseline information that permits monitoring the impact of various mineral disturbances in this breed and checking the animal’s health status depending on its physiological stage.
Sowing characteristics of the durum wheat seeds (Triticum durum Desf.) by use of some antigraminaceous and combined herbicides
Authors: Delchev G.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The research was conducted during 2018 – 2020 on pelvic vertisol soil type. Under investigation was Bulgarian durum wheat cultivar Predel (Triticum durum Desf.). A total of 18 variants were investigated: hand weeded control, 4 antigraminaceous herbicides – Imaspro 7.5 EB (fenoxaprop-ethyl) – 1 l/ha, Sword 240 EC (clodinafop-propargyl) – 250 ml/ha, Traxos 50 EC (pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl) – 1.20 l/ha, Axial 050 EC (pinoxaden) – 900 ml/ha and 13 combined herbicides – Axial one (pinoxaden + florasulam) – 1 l/ha, Zerrate (clodinafop-propargyl + piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Palace 75 WG (piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Corello duo 85 WG (florasulam + piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Hussar max OD (mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron) – 1 l/ha, Pacifica expert (amidosulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium + mesosulfuron-methyl) – 500 g/ha, Atlantis flex 20.25 WG (mesosulfuron-methyl + propoxycarbazone sodium) – 330 g/ha, Tolurex 500 SC (chlorotoluron) – 4 l/ha, Constell (diflufenican + chlorotoluron) – 4.5 l/ha, Battle delta (flufenacet + diflufenican) – 600 ml/ha, Eagle 75 WG (chlorosulfuron) – 20 g/ha, Prol aqua (pendimethalin) – 3 l/ha, Krum (prosulfocarb) – 5 l/ha. All of the antigraminaceous herbicides and foliar-applied combined herbicides were treated during tillering stage of durum wheat. Soil-applied combined herbicides were treated during after sowing before emergence period of durum wheat. Combined herbicides Tolurex and Constell decreased significantly germination energy and laboratory seed germination of durum wheat seeds. Length of coleoptile was decreased by influence of herbicides Tolurex and Constell. Lengths of primary roots are decreased by influence of herbicides Tolurex, Constell, Krum and Battle delta. The investigated 4 antigraminaceous and 13 combined herbicides did not prove influence on waste grain quantity. Application of combined herbicides Tolurex and Constell after sowing before emergence period led to obtaining the lowest grain yields of durum wheat. Soil-applied combined herbicide Eagle led to obtaining the highest grain yields.
Isolation and molecular characterization of domestic Bradyrhizobium species from soybean roots in the savannah soil of Nigeria
Authors: Ishaq Z. , Machido D.A. , Atta H.I.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The identification of effective indigenous strains of Bradyrhizobia could lead to the development of efficient and affordable inoculants for improving soil fertility. This can also promote nitrogen fixation in smallholder farming systems of Nigeria and as well make the use of nitrogen fertilizers unnecessary. This study was conducted to characterize and evaluate the nodulating properties of indigenous Bradyrhizobium species in soybean plant. A total of 18 strains were isolated using Bradyrhizobium japonicum selective medium (BJSM) from the root nodules of plants harvested from five sites on Ahmadu Bello University farm, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria. These isolates were evaluated for nodulating potential in a screen house using soybean (TGx 1448-2E) as a test crop. The total number of nodules, percentage effective nodules, nodule fresh and dry weights, shoot fresh and dry weight and plant nitrogen content were assessed. The nodules produced by the isolates showed high percentage effectiveness with isolate A4 having significantly higher nodule dry weight (78.00 mg) than the rest of the test isolates. The soybean inoculant, BIOFIX used in this study performed poorly having a nodule dry weight of 6.0 mg. There was positive and highly significant correlation between the nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen content (r=0.740, 0.641, 0.616, respectively) at p<0.001. Sequence analyses were carried out on the high performing isolates from each site of sampling and the result obtained using the NCBI Database showed similarity of these isolates with reference strains belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium (A4- Bradyrhizobium japonicum RV9, B2- Bradyrhizobium guangdongense CCBAU 51649, C1- Bradyrhizobium sp. UFLA05-149, D3- Bradyrhizobium sp. B918 and E3- Bradyrhizobium sp.UFLA05-149). A 16srRNA phylogenetic tree constructed with the sequences obtained grouped the isolates without any close reference strain. However, isolate B2 showed close affiliation with Bradyrhizobium guagdongense with 95% sequence identity. Based on the effectiveness of these five strains of Bradyrhizobium, it is suggested that they can be used as potential candidate for inoculants production.
Venice’s Knowledge of the Qizilbash – The Importance of the Role of the Venetian Baili in Intelligence-Gathering on the Safavids
Authors: Guliyev Ahmad
Published: April 2022

While the subject of the Venetian espionage in the Ottoman empire has received
scholarly attention, no attempt has been made to study the baili’s
intelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues in a systematic way. Through
the close scrutiny of baili dispatches and other relevant materials of the
Venetian State archives, this paper examines the role of the Venetian diplomats
in Istanbul in information-gathering on the Safavids. It demonstrates that the
baili used various techniques, particularly gifting, bribery, and information
exchange with the Ottoman officials in order to collect and transmit to Venice a
wide range of information on Ottomans’ arch-rivals, the Safavids.
The Precious Scroll of Watermelons in the Modern Performance Tradition of ‘Telling Scriptures’ in Changshu County, China
Authors: Berezkin Rostislav
Published: April 2022

The Precious Scroll of Watermelons (the earliest known
manuscript is dated 1867) is a representative example of narrative texts used in
the scroll recitation practices of southern Jiangsu since the nineteenth
century. It uses a subject widespread in folklore to propagate belief in
Bodhisattva Guanyin, a popular Buddhist deity, and thus it combines
indoctrination with didacticism and entertainment. A comparison of several
variants of the Precious Scroll of Watermelons (falling in
between 1867 and 1989) demonstrates the evolution of its functions and cultural
meaning in the modern practice of precious scrolls recitation, taking ‘telling
scriptures’ of Changshu as an example.
Sexual Orientation Differences in Access to Care and Health Status, Behaviors, and Beliefs: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Survey of Family Growth, and National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Heslin Kevin , Alfier Johanna
Published: April 2022

This report demonstrates uses of three National Center for Health Statistics data systems to study differences in health by sexual orientation. Sexual orientation differences in a broad selection of health indicators were examined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the National Survey of Family Growth, and the National Health Interview Survey.
Health insurance coverage: Early release of estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 2021. National Center for Health Statistics. May 2022
Authors: Cohen Robin , Cha Amy , Terlizzi Amily , Martinez Michael
Published: April 2022

This report examines health insurance estimates for the US population for 2021
Sex Scandal and the Politics of David's Throne
Authors: Gilmour Rachelle
Published: April 2022

This essay examines the literary and compositional inclusion of the story of David and Bathsheba in 2 Sam 11–12, in the stretch of narrative concerning David's court in 2 Samuel, particularly in light of current debates surrounding the so-called Succession Narrative. I argue that the sex-and-murder scandal of 2 Sam 11–12 functions within a Judahite ideology of kingship to legitimize and strengthen the power of the Davidic dynasty and was inserted in rejection of northern notions of a monarchy legitimized through popular support and agency. Drawing on the work of Hannah Arendt and recent studies on sex scandals in politics, I highlight three ways in which the insertion of the scandal in 2 Sam 11–12 is an effective way of transforming the monarchic ideology of 2 Sam 13–20 and casting the narrative favorably for the Davidic kings: the location of the transgression in an incontestable space, analogous to Arendt's notion of the private realm; the salaciousness of the narrative effecting enjoyment in the audience; and the distinction between scandal and corruption, where David's transgression is a single aberration, compared to the northern kingdom portrayed as systemically corrupt.
Isaiah 39 and the Motif of Human Trust in First Isaiah
Authors: Cunha Wilson de Angelo
Published: April 2022

A standard view suggests that Isa 39 occupies its present location in chapters 36–39 for ideological reasons, providing a link with exile presupposed in chapters 40–66. Without denying Isa 39's connection with Isa 40–66, I show that Isa 39 also belongs to the motif of human trust prevalent in First Isaiah by tracking the triad “silver, gold, and treasures” in chapters 2, 30–31, and 39. I further argue that chapter 39 was purposefully assigned its current literary location to round off First Isaiah's political critique of foreign alliances. As a necessary implication, Isa 39 does not present a pious Hezekiah. Instead, First Isaiah ends with a paradigmatic negative version of the Davidic dynasty, highlighting its failure to trust YHWH as the main reason for the reality of exile.
The Greek in Daniel 3: Code-Switching, Not Loanwords
Authors: Suchard Benjamin D.
Published: April 2022

The presence of words deriving from Greek κιθάρα (“cithara”), σαμβύκη (“sambuca”), ψαλτήριον (“psaltery”), and συμϕωνία (“symphonia”) in Dan 3 has long been taken as damning evidence against the traditional sixth-century BCE date of composition for the book of Daniel. For the past fifty years, however, scholars have increasingly argued that Greek loanwords could have occurred in sixth-century Aramaic. In this article, I challenge the underlying assumption that the Greek words in Dan 3 result from lexical borrowing. They are characterized by a lack of phonological and morphological integration. This suggests that they are not established loanwords but instances of code-switching: Greek linguistic material was inserted into an Aramaic framework by a multilingual author, writing for an audience that was similarly multilingual. As widespread proficiency in Greek is not known to have occurred in the Near East before the Macedonian conquests of the 330s, the identification of these words as code switches thus limits their use in Dan 3 to the Hellenistic period and strongly suggests that they were used for literary effect: together with the lack of Greek code-switching elsewhere in the chapter, they highlight the transience of worldly empires. The phonology of the Greek underlying these code-switches as revealed by the use of matres lectionis, moreover, points to a terminus post quem of ca. 200 BCE, later than the story collection of Dan 2–6 is usually held to have been put together.
Water–energy nexus for Birmingham, UK
Authors: Akram Babak , Arabi Azadeh Kalateh
Published: April 2022

Water conservation and energy conservation are two sides of the same coin. Climate change effects on water–energy of Birmingham within the next century require a vast range of measures, energy policies and incentives to be implemented in the region. Assessing these energy-related policies helps depict a good vision of the current opportunities for water–energy efficiency for households and businesses of the region. Reductions through changing consumption behaviour by moving towards smarter and more efficient choices could have a remarkable potential to reduce water–energy consumption in Birmingham. This reduction potential, that could help deliver Birmingham's 2026 target, has been investigated to find how much the behaviour of individual consumers in water–energy consumption has influenced the water, energy and carbon dioxide emissions of Birmingham. Evaluating the current actions and incentive policies with a focus on sustainable actions for vulnerable areas of the city to curb inefficient water and energy (WE) consumption helps better understand the trajectory towards having a sustainable city. This research study gives a comprehensive view of the WE situation in Birmingham and also finds the most efficient choices and policies, which can go along with the current works towards the sustainable target of the city.
Evaluating highway design considering uncertain mobility patterns and decision flexibility
Authors: Martani Claudio , Eberle Steven , Adey Bryan T
Published: April 2022

Determining how infrastructure corridors are to be designed optimally and modified over time is challenging due to the considerable uncertainty associated with potential changes in mobility patterns. This is due to factors such as the dynamisms of urban areas and the potential of transitioning to autonomous vehicles. Although currently this future uncertainty is taken into consideration in decisions with respect to highway designs and modifications in a qualitative manner, there is potential benefit to using quantitative methods and explicitly considering how highways may be modified in the future as a function of the actual future that emerges. In this paper, the use of a quantitative evaluation method using real options is explored to evaluate highway designs, considering uncertainties in future mobility patterns and management flexibility. The usefulness of the method is investigated on the fictive but realistic case study based on the completion of the A15 highway, in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. The results of this exploratory work indicate significant value in the use of the proposed method to ensure that infrastructure networks are optimally prepared to support society in an unknown future, and it is expected that it can be used more extensively in future spatial planning.
Impact of Agricultural Supports on the Agricultural Export
Authors: TANDOĞAN Nisa Şansel
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to analyze the impact of agricultural supports on Turkish agricultural export by taking the crises into consideration. By using annual data for the 1986-2019 period, ARDL bound test is implemented for the impact on agricultural export and structural break test for the crises. The empirical results reveal that while agricultural export has a positive relationship with agricultural support and GDP per capita, negative relationship with real exchange rate and the crisis period. Structural break test shows the importance of 2000-2002 period on the export, however that period is not significant, it has a negative impact on the agricultural export.
Evaluation of Industry 4.0 Transformation Barriers for SMEs in Turkey
Authors: AYGÜN Doğuş , ECEVİT SATI Zümrüt
Published: April 2022

Industry 4.0 advancements have become substantial issues for many countries. SMEs are considered the backbone of the economy and have a significant place in terms of employment and entrepreneurship and have great significance regarding the application of Industry 4.0 advancements. When the current digital transformation level of Turkey is considered; identification and prioritization of the barriers of SMEs will guide the policies to be developed. In this study, the literature on the barriers faced by Turkish SMEs in their Industry 4.0 transformation efforts is evaluated, prominent barriers are prioritized based on the opinions of experts using AHP method.
Ekosistem Pazarlama ile Adil ve Kapsayıcı Ekonomi Politik İnşa Edilebilir mi? Epigenetik Bir İnceleme ve Gelecek Yönelimleri
Authors: PAPATYA Nurhan
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı ekosistem pazarlama ve adil ve kapsayıcı ekonomi politiği arasındaki ilişkiyi dünya piyasasının değişen dinamikleri bağlamı içerisinde incelemektir. Bu konuların her biri birbirinden bağımsız olarak ayrıntılı olarak yazılmış olsa da, iki alanı içeren sistem, tüm sistemlerde olduğu gibi, parçaların toplamından çok daha fazladır. Dolayısıyla bu ilişkiyi ortaya koyabilmek için makale oldukça yeni olan ekosistem pazarlama alanını anlamaya ve belirginleştirmeye yöneliktir. Önce mevcut koşulları gözlemleyerek, daha sonrada böylesine karmaşık görüngülerin bu haliyle görünmesi ve işlemesi için nelerin gerektiğini çıkarsamaya çalışır ve ardından da bütünsellik yaklaşımı temelinde ekosistem pazarlama bilgisinin bütünselliğini ortaya koyar. Böylece söz edilen adil ve kapsayıcı ekonomi politiği ile ekosistem pazarlama alanında ekonomiden siyaset bilimine ve sosyolojiden ahlaka kadar uzanabilecek transdisipliner bir saha keşfetme çabası hedeflenmektedir.
Shelter Vision: Compassion, Fear, and Learning to (Not) See Trauma along the Migrant Trail through Mexico
Authors: Doering-White John
Published: April 2022

Within a context of shifting affective economies of racialised fear and reluctant humanitarianism that surround Central American migration through Mexico, this article draws on ethnographic fieldwork as a volunteer at a humanitarian migrant shelter in Central Mexico to describe how aid workers negotiated concerns expressed by visiting volunteers about compassion fatigue and vicarious traumatisation. Building on the work of scholars who examine intersubjective and relational dynamics of looking and being looked at beyond a lens of either surveillance or performance, I describe how shelter workers learned to (not) see trauma by negotiating the affective expectations of visitors. I argue that what visitors took to be indifference and insensitivity reflects what I refer to as ‘shelter vision’, a tacit and embodied form of competent looking developed through apprenticeship and enskilment. Such vision refuses racialised discourses that position undocumented migrants as either passive victims deserving of compassion or as a toxic threat to the body politic, both in the United States and Mexico.