bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Contents and Physical Properties of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus grandis from PT. Toba Pulp Lestari
Authors: Alfian Z. , Marpaung H. , Taufik M. , Lenny S. , Andriayani  , Samosir S.J.
Published: August 2019

Essential oils are volatile oils with different compositions according to their source of production and comprise a mixture of substances having different chemical and physical properties. One of the plants containing essential oil is Eucalyptus grandis grown at PT Toba Pulp Lestari (Indonesian company). The purpose of this work is to know the chemical contents and physical properties of essential oil from Eucalyptus grandis as well as to utilize unused leaves at PT. Toba Pulp Lestari to serve as an essential oil. The essential oil of Eucalyptus grandis leaves was extracted using hydrodistillation method, then essential oil is analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oil of Eucalyptus grandis leaves was obtained 0.4 %. The physical properties test with determination of density and refractive index of essential oil respectively were obtained at 0.9143 and 1.4653 nD at 29.4 ºC. The results of GC-MS analysis of essential oil showed 12 components viz. α-pinene (45.21 %), camphene (1.38 %), β-pinene (1.11 %), camphogen (0.74 %), 1,8-cineole (36.55 %), α-campholene aldehyde (0.73 % ), pinocarvone (0.83 %), α-terpineol (8.87 %), β-caryophyllene (1.72 %), spathulenol (0.84 %), elemol (0.85 % ) and 1-nonadecene (1.17 %).
Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Chalconeimine Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors against Enzymes Produced from S. aureus: A Computational Approach
Authors: Prithivirajan B. , Sonia Jas M. Jebastin , Marimuthu G.
Published: August 2019

(Z)-1-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
hydrazone derivatives pronounced in this manuscript represents a new collection of antibacterial agents in addition to the DNA gyrase inhibitors. Efforts had been made to synthesize those chalcone-hydrazone derivatives (4a-e) in good yields. The literature survey confirms that nano-ZnO as heterogeneous catalyst has obtained big interest because of its ecofriendly nature and has been explored as a effective catalyst for several organic ameliorations. Subsequently, induced by way of these observations and in continuation to our interest in organic synthesis with using nanocatalyst. in vitro Antibacterial activity has been evaluated towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains for all compounds. So one can discover the affinity to bacterial proteins docking have a look at have been carried out for 5 synthesized derivatives, antibiotic drug and co-crystallized ligands with special mechanism of action DNA gyrase B and methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) the usage
of AutoDock 4.
Detoxification of Wastewater by Paw–Paw (Carica papaya L.) Seeds Adsorbents
Authors: Shooto Ntaote David , Naidoo Eliazer Bobby
Published: August 2019

The present work reports the biosorption studies of metal ions viz., Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto paw-paw seeds (PPS), acid treated paw-paw seeds (ATPPS) and base treated paw-paw seeds (BTPPS) adsorbents by batch method. A series of tests were carried to evaluate the effect of the system parameters, i.e. adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, temperature and contact time. The obtained kinetic data showed that the pseudo first order model best fitted the biosorption of both metal ions with (r2) values of 0.9918, 0.9674 and 0.9463 for Cu(II) onto PPS, ATPPS and BTPPS, respectively
and for Pb(II) 0.8513, 0.8686 and 0.9434 onto PPS, ATPPS and BTPPS respectively. Estimated surface adsorption of intra-particle diffusion estimated that surface sorption dominated. Thermodynamic parameter (ΔGo) gave negative values indicating that the biosoption processes were spontaneous and feasible. ΔHo gave positive and negative values indicating that some biosorption processes were endothermic and some exothermic. Isotherm data indicated that Langmuir best described the biosorption. The reusability of PPS, ATPPS and BTPPS adsorbents was evaluated up to five cycles without showing significant drop in sorption efficiency.
Selective Determination of Dopamine in Presence of Ascorbic Acid Using Nafion Coated Methylene Blue Functionalized Graphite Electrode
Authors: Sivasankari G. , Sivasankari K. , Nalini T. , Padmapriya P. , Nadhiya M.
Published: August 2019

An electrochemical sensor has been developed using methylene blue (MB) unctionalized graphite for the selective determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid. The immobilization of methylene blue on graphite was done by carbodiimide coupling method. The methylene blue functionalized graphite was characterized by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. The immobilization of methylene blue functionalized graphite (MB-G) on the electrode surface was made by drop casting a small volume of MB-G dispersed methanol solution on the electrode surface. About 5 L of 0.5 % Nafion solution was also dropcasted for the stability and selectivity. The MB-G modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode promotes the electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine at a lower potential of 160 mV. The selective determination of dopamine in the presence of 100 times higher concentration of ascorbic acid was achieved by differential pulse voltammetry. The modified electrode offered a simple, selective and sensitive determination of low levels of dopamine. Also the oxidation over potential was reduced to an extent of 360 mV comparing with the bare graphite electrode. The proposed sensor has the advantage of easy fabrication, low cost, good sensitivity, reproducibility and stability.
Electro Polymerization of o-Phenylenediamine Using Palladium Nanoparticles Coated Fabricated TiO2 Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Alexander M. , Kalaivani R.A. , Sriraman V. , Senthilkumar U.
Published: August 2019

Fabricated titanate nanotubes (f-TNT) are prepared by chemical deposition method using linen fiber. The f-TNTs is fabricated by TiO2 nanoparticles, the each TiO2 nanoparticles diameter has 80-100 nm in range. The Pd0 nanoparticle was coated on the surface of the f-TNT by chemical reduction method, using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The prepared Pd/f-TNTs characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM and HRTEM, the result shows that the f-TNT diameter is 1500 nm and Pd nanoparticles range in 20-50 nm. The Pd/f-TNT nanocomposite modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode shows quasi irreversible redox behaviours in cyclic voltammeter. Those Pd/f-TNTs modified electrode is utilized for electrochemical polymerization of o-phenylenediamine in acid medium.
Partial Molar Volumes and Spectral Studies on Binary Mixtures of
p-Chloroacetophenone with Aniline and N-Alkyl Anilines
Authors: Sirija M. Radha , Bala D. , Ramachandran D.
Published: August 2019

Ultrasonic velocities (u), viscosities (η) and densities (ρ) were measured for the binary mixtures of p-chloroacetophenone with aniline, N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline over the whole range of composition at different temperatures (303.15 K to 318.15 K) and at atmospheric pressure 0.1 MPa. Excess molar volume (VE), deviation in viscosity (Δη) and deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δks) have been calculated and fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations. The analyzed viscosity data of binary liquid mixtures were used to test the Grunberg-Nissan, Katti-Chaudari and Hind semi-empirical equations. The FTIR spectral study supports
the experimental data to explain the molecular interactions between unlike molecules. Partial molar volumes of binary mixtures were evaluated for better understanding of intermolecular interactions of the above binary mixtures.
One Pot Microwave Induced Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of
Tetrazamacrocyclic Complexes of Transition Metal Ions of Bio-Inorganic Relevance
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Saraswati
Published: August 2019

Two new series of metal complexes, [M(C18H16N4O4)·2H2O] (CH3COO−)2 and [M(C22H24N4)·2H2O](CH3COO−)2, where M= Co2+/Ni2+/ Cu2+ have been prepared under microwave irradiation condition using microwave synthesizer. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point determination of recrystallized samples, running single spot on TLC, elemental analyses, IR, UV-visible spectral studies. Synthesized macrocyclic complexes have been tested for their antibacterial activity
against two bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli by adopting disk diffusion method. The antibacterial activity was compared with amikacin antibiotic and it has been found that the complexes exhibited potential antibacterial activity. From the antibacterial studies, it has been found that the copper complexes were more effective on the microorganism in comparison to Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes.
Effective Activated Carbon as Adsorbent for the Removal of Copper(II) Ions from Wastewater
Authors: Devi Patra Vasundhara , Suneetha M. , Ravindhranath K.
Published: August 2019

Nitric acid activated carbons prepared from the barks of Limonia acidissima plant (NALABC) and stems of Hibiscus cannabinus plant (NAHCSC) are investigated as adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II) ions from waste water using batch methods of extraction. Various extraction conditions namely, pH, time of equilibration, sorbent concentration, initial concentration of Cu(II) ions and temperature, are optimized for the maximum removal. Substantial amounts of Cu(II) are extracted in the pH range: 3 to 9 and adsorption capacities are 19.6 mg/g for NALABC and 29.4 mg/g for NAHCSC, which are more than many active carbons developed in the previous works. It is interesting to note that the adsorbents are effective in acidic, neutral and also in basic conditions of the water samples and thus paving the way for applying these adsorbents in wide pH ranges of diverse samples. Five-fold excess of common co-ions that are normally present in water, have marginally affected the % removal. Thermodynamic parameters are evaluated for the spontaneity and nature of adsorption processes. The adsorption phenomenon is analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and noted that Langmuir isotherm model suits better indicating the uniform and mono-layer nature of adsorption. Kinetics of adsorption is analyzed and found that pseudo second-order kinetics preferably explains the adsorption of Cu(II). The spent NALABC and NAHCSC can be regenerated and subsequently used. The adsorbents developed are found to be effective in removing Cu(II) ions from the real water samples collected from polluted lakes and copper based industries.
Ultrasound Aided Expedient Synthesis, Characterization and
Antimicrobial Studies of Fluorenyl-Hydrazono-Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Kaur Avneet Pal , Gautam Deepika
Published: August 2019

Ultrasound assisted facile synthesis of fluorenyl-hydrazonothiazoles (4a-d) in quantitative yields by the condensation of 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (2) with substituted phenacyl bromides in presence of dimethyl formamide has been reported. The reaction of carbothioamide 2 with α-haloacids resulted in to fluorenyl-hydrazonothiazolidin-4-ones (3). The structural characterization of the cyclized products have been established by elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, NMR and mass). The antimicrobial studies of the synthesized compounds are also reported.
Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of PEG Assisted CdO Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Elayaraja M. , Punithavathy I. Kartharinal , Jeyakumar S. Johnson , Jothibas M.
Published: August 2019

A simple and modified chemical precipitation method is used for synthesis of different PEG assisted cadmium oxide nanoparticles. The prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The XRD patterns revealed the cubic phases and calculated particle sizes are 36.42, 34.27, 33.54 and 35.21 nm for pure CdO with 2, 4 and 6 % PEG nanoparticles respectively, From these results, it can be observed that the average crystalline size decreases with increasing PEG concentration. The functional
groups and band area of the product were established by FT-IR spectroscopy. The band gap energy of CdO nanoparticles increased from 2.54 to 2.94 eV by increasing PEG concentration .The surface morphology and element composition have been confirmed form SEM with EDX analysis. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of PEG assisted CdO nanoparticles with methylene blue indicated that the CdO can be utilized a good photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue.
A Novel Pyridyl Ester Isolated from Leucas cephalotes
Authors: Priya K. Kavitha , Anuradha V.
Published: August 2019

From the flowers of Leucas cephalotes, pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ester was isolated. Its structure was established as 2′,5′-dihydroxy-3′-pyridyl-(2,5-dihydroxy)pyridinyl-3-carboxylate on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. To out best of knowledge, this is the first report from Leucas cephalotes in particular and Labiatae family in general.
Difficult Preoperative Diagnosis of Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Okata Tomoki , Uno Kaname , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Saito Masahiro , Jin Xiaoyi , Hatta Waku , Asanuma Kiyotaka , Asano Naoki , Koike Tomoyuki , Imatani Akira , Masamune Atsushi
Published: August 2019

A 60-year-old man with a medical history of diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and distal gastrectomy was referred for further examination of a 10-mm pale-colored submucosal tumor around 40 cm from the incisors. Narrow band imaging–magnifying endoscopy revealed the lesion covered by smooth epithelium with irregular microvascular architecture in a sparse distribution. Endosonography showed an irregular-shaped hypoechoic lesion in the submucosa. With no evidence of metastases, we performed en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection, whose specimen revealed esophageal lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma invading up to 500 μm in the submucosa, a rare disease entity. Despite no additional treatment, he was alive without recurrence for longer than 88 months.
Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction as a Manifestation of Lead Intoxication in a Conservator
Authors: Costa-Moreira Pedro , Coelho Rosa , Pita Inês , Macedo Guilherme
Published: August 2019

We report a case of a 39-year-old art conservator who presented complaining of abdominal pain and constipation. His laboratory results showed normocytic normochromic anemia and abnormal liver tests. Computed tomography revealed distention of the whole colon without obstruction. Evaluation of anemia was compatible with nonimmune hemolysis. A liver biopsy showed accumulation of ferric pigment in Kupffer cells. Given the typical findings in the blood smear and the epidemiological context, a serum lead assay was performed (92 μg/dL). This clinical case illustrates the need for gastroenterologists to recognize digestive manifestations of systemic diseases, including intoxications.
Endoscopic Management of Giant Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis With a High Risk of Bleeding
Authors: Alhasan Faysal , Hoilat Gilles Jadd , Malas Waddah , Mahmood Syed K. , Zivny Jaroslav , Alsayid Muhammad
Published: August 2019

Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is one of the late complications of acute pancreatitis. We present a 37-year-old man who developed a large WOPN 6 weeks after treatment of severe complicated pancreatitis. Imaging studies revealed a necrotic retroperitoneal fluid collection measuring 27 × 12 × 27 cm with large crossing blood vessels. Cystogastrostomy was performed using a lumen-apposing metal stent. He underwent multiple necrosectomies with significant improvement in the cyst size. Bleeding is a major complication of direct endoscopic necrosectomy; hence, specific imaging and a careful approach should be taken into consideration, especially in WOPN with a high risk of bleeding.
Hypokalemia-Induced Rhabdomyolysis From Budesonide Therapy in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Mansour Ramy , Mandiga Pujyitha , Thigpin Derek
Published: August 2019

We present a 71-year-old white man with active ileocolonic Crohn's disease, recently started on budesonide therapy, who presented with extreme weakness and muscle aches. He was diagnosed with hypokalemia-induced rhabdomyolysis, 3 weeks after starting budesonide therapy. His symptoms and laboratory values improved with budesonide discontinuation and appropriate fluid and electrolyte replacement. This is only the second case of hypokalemia-induced rhabdomyolysis secondary to budesonide.
Abordagem sócio histórica da creche em Portugal. O caso de Vila Nova de Gaia (1883-1971): entre o nacional e o local
Authors: Baptista Eva
Published: August 2019

As creches, durante a primeira centúria da sua existência, acolhiam crianças desde os primeiros meses de vida até à idade da entrada na escola e não até aos 3 anos como hoje são concebidas, aliando nos seus propósitos higienistas e eugénicos, não só a procura da redução da mortalidade infantil mas, também, a educação da criança em idade pré-escolar extensível à mãe, à família, à comunidade e à nação. Foi nosso objetivo perceber o processo de implementação destes espaços de modernidade educativa em Vila Nova de Gaia até à década de setenta do século XX, um território com especificidades geográficas e sociodemográficas favorecedoras de um acompanhamento económico e cultural aparentemente recetivo à criação e sustentação de creches. Cruzando o percurso da implementação das creches em Portugal com o caso gaiense, rastreamos os impulsos das filosofias educativas e os obstáculos físicos e económicos que fizeram a sociedade portuguesa tardar em encarar a primeira infância como uma prioridade e a encarar a creche sem preconceitos.
Manuais pedagógicas na formação de professores no espaço luso-brasileiro (1870-1970)
Authors: Leal Soares Edilene Alexandra
Published: August 2019

SILVA, Vivian Batista. Saberes em viagem nos manuais pedagógicos. Construções da Escola em Portugal e no Brasil (1870 – 1970). São Paulo: Editora UNESP. 2018. 506p.

A obra “Saberes em viagem nos manuais pedagógicos. Construções da Escola em Portugal e no Brasil (1870 – 1970)” é leitura essencial aos pesquisadores e interessados em engendrar pelo estudo dos manuais pedagógicos.Este livro é fruto de uma pesquisa de grande densidade, com realização de investigação meticulosa e análise criteriosa de manuais pedagógicos em circulação no Brasil e em Portugal que eram utilizados na formação de normalistas no período de 1870 a 1970 e, traz à tona as ideias difundidas no processo de formação deste importante ofício da Modernidade.
Next-generation sequencing for tumor mutation quantification using liquid biopsies
Authors: Provencio Mariano , Pérez-Barrios Clara , Barquin Miguel , Calvo Virginia , Franco Fabio , Sánchez Estela , Sánchez Ricardo , Marsden Daniel , Cristóbal Sánchez Juan , Martin Acosta Paloma , Laza-Briviesca Raquel , Cruz-Bermúdez Alberto , Romero Atocha
Published: August 2019

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients benefit from targeted therapies both in first- and second-line treatment. Nevertheless, molecular profiling of lung cancer tumors after first disease progression is seldom performed. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables not only non-invasive biomarker testing but also monitoring tumor response to treatment. Digital PCR (dPCR), although a robust approach, only enables the analysis of a limited number of mutations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), on the other hand, enables the analysis of significantly greater numbers of mutations.

Methods

A total of 54 circulating free DNA (cfDNA) samples from 52 NSCLC patients and two healthy donors were analyzed by NGS using the Oncomine™ Lung cfDNA Assay kit and dPCR.

Results

Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and Pearson’s correlation coefficient between mutant allele frequencies (MAFs) assessed by NGS and dPCR revealed a positive and linear relationship between the two data sets (ρc = 0.986; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.975–0.991; r = 0.987; p < 0.0001, respectively), indicating an excellent concordance between both measurements. Similarly, the agreement between NGS and dPCR for the detection of the resistance mutation p.T790M was almost perfect (K = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.62–0.99), with an excellent correlation in terms of MAFs (ρc = 0.991; 95% CI = 0.981–0.992 and Pearson’s r = 0.998; p < 0.0001). Importantly, cfDNA sequencing was successful using as low as 10 ng cfDNA input.

Conclusions

MAFs assessed by NGS were highly correlated with MAFs assessed by dPCR, demonstrating that NGS is a robust technique for ctDNA quantification using clinical samples, thereby allowing for dynamic genomic surveillance in the era of precision medicine.
Ovarian torsion of a term pregnancy – a new twist: review of the literature and management
Authors: McNally Stephanie Trentacoste
Published: August 2019

Background

Ovarian and adnexal torsions are gynecologic emergencies [Li Q, Li X, Zhang P. Ovarian torsion caused by hyperreactio luteinalis in the third trimester of pregnancy: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8:19612–5; Ssi-Yan-Kai G, Rivain AL, Trichot C, Morcelet MC, Prevot S, Deffieux X. What every radiologist should know about adnexal torsion. Emerg Radiol. 2018;25:51–9; Huchon C, Fauconnier A. Adnexal torsion: a literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010;150:8–12].

Case presentation

Though rare in pregnancy, this case report describes a 32-year-old G0 at 39 + 3/7 weeks with a history of kidney stones and a simple ovarian cyst that presented to the labor floor with left lower quadrant pain. She underwent an induction of labor for persistent pain and had a subsequent primary section for a category II tracing.

Conclusion

During the section, a torsion x3 of the left infundibular ligament was noted. The pathology indicated an acute infarct – only one other case of a full-term torsion was found in the literature (Li Q, Li X, Zhang P. Ovarian torsion caused by hyperreactio luteinalis in the third trimester of pregnancy: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8:19612–5).
Multilayer SIW Dual-Band Filters with Independent Band Characteristics and High Selectivity
Authors: Jia Dinghong , Deng Jianqin , Zhao Yangping , Wu Ke
Published: August 2019

This work presents an approach to developing dual-mode dual-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter based on multilayer process. TE102/TE201 and TE101/TE102 modes are used to feature the two passbands, respectively. To begin with, large range of band location ratios are decided by the effective dimension of the SIW resonator. With reference to the field distribution, independent coupling schemes of the dual-modes are then realized by slots or circular apertures etched on the middle metal layer. It allows to not only introduce a large design freedom of bandwidth but also keep compactness. Finally, source-load and mixed couplings are deployed to produce transmission zeros around the passband in providing a sharp selectivity in the two filters, respectively. The details to independently control the center frequencies and bandwidth of two passbands are also presented. A two-order double-layered and a triple-layered SIW dual-band bandpass filter are prototyped to evaluate the proposed design approach, respectively. Results show a good agreement between simulations and measurements. The proposed filter exhibits flexible design freedom, high selectivity as well as good out-of-band rejection.
Natural Disasters vs Hotel Industry Resilience: An Exploratory Study among Hotel Managers from Europe
Authors: Ivkov Milan , Blešić Ivana , Janićević Sava , Kovačić Sanja , Miljković Ðurđa , Lukić Tin , Sakulski Dušan
Published: August 2019

Hotels, like any other businesses in a given location, can be threatened by natural disasters, usually with significant and long-term consequences. The hotel industry is particularly vulnerable and exposed to the risk of property being physically damaged or completely destroyed. Apart from the physical damage, there is also an accompanying economic risk of the tourism sector suffering as tourists avoid areas affected by a disaster event. Therefore, hotels in the areas prone to natural disasters must ensure they are resilient enough to carry on through the turbulent period until regular business levels return. This study is based on survey responses of 63 hotel managers from the 12 European countries most frequently affected by natural disasters. The study relies on multi-capital predictor based approach and examines hotel resilience to natural disasters. It has been found that managers’ previous experience of a natural disaster, duration of managerial experience, and organizational category and size have a positive effect on hotel resilience. Moreover, hotels must anticipate such situations and continuously drill how to respond efficiently and adapt quickly in order to ensure business sustainability. Practical implications, study limitations and future research recommendations are also discussed.
Evaluation of biomarkers of stress in chronic stress-exposed comorbid depression model Wistar rats
Authors: Gokul Megha , Arun Kumar Nayanatara , Durgadas Kini Rekha , Blossom Vandana , Kodavanji Bhagyalakshmi , Noojibail Anupama , Murali Nirupama , Vishwanath Rai Santosh Phajir
Published: August 2019

Background

In recent years, increased stress in human life has a dual effect on brain and body physiology. Chronic stress takes a toll on physiology as well as on quality of life, ultimately leading to affective disorders. Rodent models are indispensable tools for studying the etiology and progress of depression. C-reactive protein has been proposed as a novel inflammatory marker.

Methods

Rats were divided into control and experimental stress groups (n = 6 each). The experimental group consisted of rats that were exposed to a set of chronic unpredictable stressors for 15 days. At the end of the 15th day, the animals were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture. Then the blood samples were analyzed for selected biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.

Results

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (p < 0.0001), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (p < 0.001), serum malondialdehyde (p < 0.0001), total antioxidant level (p < 0.0001), and serum cortisol (p < 0.0001) were significantly increased in the stressed group when compared with the control group. C-reactive protein significantly (p < 0.0001) increased in the stressed group when compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that chronic unpredictable stress ameliorated depression-like behavior, which might have caused the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, causing the imbalance in the biochemical and oxidative parameters increasing the inflammatory markers. The inflammation-induced model of the chronic unpredictable stress model of comorbid depression might provide a variety of new targets for antidepressant therapies.
Clopidogrel-induced hemarthrosis following knee replacement
Authors: Chundankuzhiyil Mathew Abel , Poothankandi Athira , Khader Rahana , Chandrasekhar Dilip
Published: August 2019

Background

Clopidogrel is an adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist used in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease to reduce the incidence of ischemic events.

Case Presentation

A 62-year-old woman developed a spontaneous hemarthrosis of her left knee following clopidogrel treatment. To date, no case of spontaneous hemarthrosis following clopidogrel monotherapy was reported. Prompt aspiration after discontinuing clopidogrel by conservative management can assist early diagnosis and prevent further damage to the joint. The assessment of the causality of the event was carried out via Naranjo Causality Assessment Scale. A score of 5 was reported for this patient, indicating clopidogrel as a probable cause of this reaction.

Conclusion

We conclude that spontaneous hemarthrosis is a possible complication following clopidogrel therapy and it needs assessment when appropriate clinical symptoms (e.g. intra-articular effusion, pain) are present.
Instrumental Variables Estimation in Large Heterogeneous Panels with Multifactor Structure
Authors: Forchini Giovanni , Jiang Bin , Peng Bin
Published: August 2019

The paper proposes new instrumental variables estimators for the slope parameters of a panel data model with classical endogeneity in which all the observables – including the instruments – may have a common factors structure. These estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal under weak regularity conditions. A small Monte Carlo simulation shows that these estimators compare favourably to existing estimators.
The effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy on cardiac findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Bilginer Gurbuz Berrak , Aypar Ebru , Coskun Turgay , Alehan Dursun , Dursun Ali , Tokatli Aysegül , Sivri Hatice Serap
Published: August 2019

Background

This study aimed to determine cardiac findings in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and to assess the changes in these findings after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).

Methods

A retrospective clinical cohort study was conducted on patients who were diagnosed with MPS between 1995 and 2018 in Hacettepe University, Division of Pediatric Metabolism. A total of 96 patients were diagnosed with MPS during the study period. Of these patients, 81 (84.3%) received ERT. Echocardiographic findings of the patients together with the 6-min walking test (6MWT) results before and after ERT were compared.

Results

Thirty-one participants (38.2%) were female, while 50 (61.8%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 11.97 ± 6.33 years (range: 1.8–30). Five patients (6.2%) had MPS type I, 14 (17.3%) had type II, 28 (34.6%) had type IVa, 33 (40.7%) had type VI and one (1.2%) had type VII. Before ERT, 69.4% of patients had mitral insufficiency (MI; mild: 40.5%, moderate: 16.5%, severe: 12.7%), 35.4% had aortic insufficiency (AI; mild: 22.8%, moderate: 12.7%) and 45.1% had tricuspid insufficiency (TI; mild: 39.2%, moderate: 2.5%). The median duration of the ERT was 3.5 years. The ERT significantly improved left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but all other study variables returned non-significant before and after treatment. ERT may improve LVH in MPS. Bearing in mind that MPS is a progressive disease, ERT seems to prevent significant deterioration of this ailment but is not able to reverse the already settled pathologies except for LVH. ERT is not able to reverse the damage, but provides stabilization; so it is best to initiate treatment before cardiac damage.
Progresses in the practical metasurface for holography and lens
Authors: Sung Jangwoon , Lee Gun-Yeal , Lee Byoungho
Published: August 2019

Metasurfaces have received enormous attention thanks to their unique ability to modulate electromagnetic properties of light in various frequency regimes. Recently, exploiting its fabrication ease and modulation strength, unprecedented and unique controlling of light that surpasses conventional optical devices has been suggested and studied a lot. Here, in this paper, we discuss some parts of this trend including holography, imaging application, dispersion control, and multiplexing, mostly operating for optical frequency regime. Finally, we will outlook the future of the devices with recent applications of these metasurfaces.
Pyrolysis of polypropylene over zeolite mordenite ammonium: kinetics and products distribution
Authors: Nisar Jan , Khan Muhammad Anas , Ali Ghulam , Iqbal Munawar , Shah Afzal , Shah Muhammad Raza , Sirajuddin  , Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Shah Luqman Ali , Rehman Nafees Ur
Published: August 2019

The present work reveals pyrolysis kinetics of polypropylene (PP) over zeolite modernite using thermogravimetry. The activation energy (E
a) and frequency factor (A) were calculated applying Ozawa Flynn Wall, Coats-Redfern, and Tang Wanjun methods. The E
a calculated by all the methods were found in accord with each other. The pyrolysis was also performed in a salt bath in the temperature range 350°C–390°C. It was observed that a temperature of 370°C is the optimum temperature for maximum liquid fuel production. Moreover, the amount of solid residue decreases with the rise in temperature. Similarly, gas fraction also shows linear relationship with temperature. The condensable and noncondensable fractions were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fuel properties of the oil produced were assessed and compared with commercial fuel. These properties agree well with fossil fuel and therefore have potential applications as fuel.
Discursive strategies of othering: North Korean youth on a South Korean television show
Authors: Lee Kathy , Choi Sunyoung , Min Jee Won
Published: August 2019

As the number of South Koreans, especially those in their 20s and 30s, in favor of unification with North Korea decreases, it is not surprising that younger generations feel a lack of closeness or familiarity with North Korean refugees in South Korea. Targeting South Korean adolescents’ ambivalence toward unification and North Korean refugees is a talk show called Great Friends. Moderated by a South Korean host, Great Friends presents the experiences of a group of North Korean and South Korean youth. Given the current social climate surrounding North Korean refugees in South Korea, this study investigates how North Korean youth on this program are discursively constructed over the course of 17 episodes aired in 2015. Considering the unequal power relations between the host country and refugees, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA) to interpret how North Korean adolescents are presented to a South Korean audience. The analysis reveals the ‘othering’ of North Koreans through discourses of difference. Despite presenting North Koreans as friends to South Koreans, these discursive constructions create a dichotomy by positioning North Koreans as inferior to their southern counterparts. The findings contribute to rethinking how authorities promote the integration of North Koreans in South Korea.
The protective effects of urapidil on lung tissue after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Ozturk Deniz , Guzel Erdogan Derya , Tanyeli Ayhan , Çomaklı Selim , Baylan Hüseyin , Polat Elif
Published: August 2019

Objective

The effects of urapidil in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model were investigated using histopathological and biochemical methods.

Materials and methods

Forty Wistar albino rats were subjected to sham operation (Group 1), IR (Group 2), IR+dimethyl sulfoxide (Group 3), IR+urapidil 0.5 mg/kg (Group 4), and IR+urapidil 5 mg/kg (Group 5). Levels of MDA, TAS, TOS, SOD, MPO, NF-κB, caspase-3, and LC3B were measured.

Results and discussion

The groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher TOS and MPO levels than the sham group had (p < 0.001), whereas the TAS and SOD levels were significantly lower in Group 2 than in the sham group. In treatment groups, TAS and SOD levels increased, whereas TOS, MPO, and MDA levels decreased compared to Group 2. Caspase-3 and LC3B immunopositivities were seen at severe levels in Group 2 and 3. However, Group 4 and 5 were found to have lower levels of immunopositivity. Immunopositivity was observed in interstitial areas, peribronchial region, and bronchial epithelial cells. A moderate level of NF-κB immunopositivity was seen in Group 2 and 3.

Conclusion

Our results show that urapidil is one of the antioxidant agents and protects lung tissue from oxidant effects of intestinal IR injury.
Synthesis of the first nickel borate nitrate K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6· (H3BO3)
Authors: Zoller Michael , Wurst Klaus , Huppertz Hubert
Published: August 2019

The novel potassium nickel borate nitrate K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6 ·(H3BO3) was obtained from a simple hydrothermal synthesis in a stainless-steel autoclave at T = 513 K starting with nickel dichloride hexahydrate, and boric and nitric acid with the pH adjusted to 8 by KOH. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data provided the basis for the structure analysis and refinement. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3̅ (no. 148) with the lattice parameters a = 1222.29(8) and c = 5478.4(4) pm. Generally, K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6 ·(H3BO3) is comprised of nitrate layers and complex nickel borate layers surrounded by boric acid, nitrate anions, and potassium cations.
Temperature Dependent Solubility of Benzoic Acid in Aqueous Phase and Aqueous Mixtures of Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Muhammad Sayyar , Sanam Sofia , Khan Hamayun , Muhammad Akhtar , Sultana Sabiha
Published: August 2019

The benzoic acid solubility in aqueous phase and in various aqueous mixtures of methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol was determined at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K by an analytical technique. The results showed that the solubility of the acid in alcohols-water binary mixtures is high as compared to pure aqueous phase. The addition of alcohols to water favors the dissolution of benzoic acid which increases further with the increase in alcohols content of water within the investigated temperature range. The benzoic acid solubility in water alone and aqueous mixtures of the selected alcohols was in the order of; 2-propanol in water > ethanol in water > methanol in water > pure water. It is also observed that within the investigated temperature range, the acid solubility increases with rise in temperature in both the aqueous phase and alcohols-water binary solvents. The logarithm of the mole fraction of the acid’s solubility also showed a linear trend against the temperature. The experimental results obtained in the current study were compared with the reported literature for the studied acid and other organic acids in various solvents and showing a good agreement. The study will have implications in the processes involving separation, crystallization and pharmaceutical formulation in various industries.
Influence of Body Mass on Fitness Performance in Naval Special Warfare Operators
Authors: Wood Dallas E. , Swain David P.
Published: August 2019

Wood, DE and Swain, DP. Influence of body mass on fitness performance in Naval Special Warfare operators. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3120–3127, 2021—U.S. Naval Special Operations Forces have performed some of the U.S. Military's most rigorous missions. The Human Performance Program (HPP) developed a physical performance testing battery to assess and monitor physical fitness. Testing bias relative to body mass has been noted in the past literature, including military physical fitness tests. This retrospective study looked to determine whether there is body mass bias in the HPP fitness assessment and whether an optimum body mass for each fitness test could be determined. Data from 333 subjects (age: 28.4 ± 5.0 years; height: 178.4 ± 6.2 cm; mass: 86.0 ± 9.2 kg) were analyzed to compare body mass with performance on the 8 tests: standing long jump, Pro-Agility test, weighted pull-up, body weight bench press, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) deadlift, 274-m shuttle run, 4.83-km run, and 800-m swim. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship of body mass to performance; a second-degree polynomial was used to determine best-fit curves for each of the physical fitness tests; analysis of variance was used to examine differences in performance between body mass groups. Significantly better performance for lighter subjects was found in the Pro-Agility test, weighted pull-up, body weight bench press, 274-m shuttle run, and 4.83-km run. Heavier subjects performed better in the 1RM deadlift. Second-degree polynomial regression revealed optimum body mass for the Pro-Agility test, 274-m shuttle run, and 4.83-km run to be 7–16 kg heavier than the lowest body mass. These findings could help professionals better assess and train operators of varying body size.
Long-Term Athlete Development: Seasonal and Longitudinal Fitness Changes in Female University Rugby Players
Authors: Falk Neto Joao H. , Parent Eric C. , Kennedy Michael D.
Published: August 2019

Falk Neto, JH, Parent, E, and Kennedy, MD. Long-term athlete development: Seasonal and longitudinal fitness changes in female university rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3459–3465, 2021—The Long-Term Athlete Development model is used by organizations to determine the expected improvements from athletes at different stages of their careers. For female rugby athletes, university sports should provide continued support for athlete development during the Training to Perform stage (18–21 years old). However, little evidence exists for longitudinal changes across years of participation in university sports in this group. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in anthropometric and fitness characteristics in female university rugby players across different seasons. Seventeen players were divided into forwards (n = 9, 21.1 ± 2.6 years) and backs (n = 8, 19.62 ± 0.9 years) and assessed across 5 points over 3 years: preseason 1, postseason 1, preseason 2, postseason 2, and preseason 3. Anthropometric (height, body mass, and body mass index) and performance measurements (grip strength, flexibility, trunk muscular endurance, upper-body muscular endurance, 40-m sprint, vertical jump, and 20-m shuttle run) were collected. V̇o
2max was higher at preseason 2 compared with postseason 1 (p = 0.02), postseason 2 (p = 0.01), and preseason 3 (p = 0.015), and trunk muscular endurance was higher at preseason 3 (p = 0.02). Performance in the first 5 m of the sprint test decreased at postseason 1 (p = 0.018) and preseason 2 (p = 0.016) when compared with preseason 1. The results indicate that these female athletes did not improve their fitness across the Training to Perform stage when participating in university sports. These female rugby players likely developed their fitness at earlier stages and, at this stage, already possessed well-developed fitness levels, which were merely maintained throughout years.
A Retrospective Analysis of Collegiate Athlete Blood Biomarkers at Moderate Altitude
Authors: Morris Kalee L. , Widstrom Luke , Goodrich Jesse , Poddar Sourav , Rueda Miguel , Holliday Marissa , San Millian Inigo , Byrnes William C.
Published: August 2019

Morris, KL, Widstrom, L, Goodrich, J, Poddar, S, Rueda, M, Holliday, M, San Millian, I, and Byrnes, WC. A retrospective analysis of collegiate athlete blood biomarkers at moderate altitude. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2913–2919, 2019—Blood biomarkers are used to assess overall health and determine positive/negative adaptations to training/environmental stimuli. This study aimed to describe the changes in blood biomarkers in collegiate football (FB) (n = 31) and cross-country (XC) (n = 29; 16 women [FXC], 13 men [MXC]) athletes across a competitive season while training and living at a moderate altitude (1,655 m). This study used a database of previously collected hematological (complete blood count and serum ferritin) and muscle damage (lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase) blood biomarkers. Data were analyzed both within and between groups using linear mixed-model and variance component analyses, alpha = 0.05. All 3 groups had significant but different patterns of change in the measured biomarkers. Hematological blood biomarkers increased at different time points but remained within the normal reference ranges with greater between-subject vs. within-subject variability, suggesting no significant decrements to oxygen-carrying capacity across the season for FB, MXC, or FXC. Muscle damage biomarkers increased over time and exceeded the normal reference ranges, indicating cell damage pathology. However, it is also possible that the demands of training and competition might alter baseline values in these athletes, although this cannot be confirmed with the current experimental design. The patterns of change in the hematological and muscle damage biomarkers varied by sport discipline, suggesting that the training/competitive environments of these athletes influence these changes. Further studies should assess how much training, altitude, and nutrition influence these changes by using a more comprehensive set of biomarkers and related performance parameters.
Distribution of External Load During Acquisition Training Sessions and Match Play of a Professional Soccer Team
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Raya-González Javier , Weston Matthew , Yanci Javier
Published: August 2019

Castillo, D, Raya-González, J, Weston, M, and Yanci, J. Distribution of external load during acquisition training sessions and match play of a professional soccer team. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3453–3458, 2021—The aim of this study was to use global position systems to analyze the external loads of the 3 different acquisition training sessions (ATS) with competitive matches in professional soccer players over a 6-week period. Sixteen professional soccer players participated in the study, which analyzed the distribution of external load during the training microcycle of a professional soccer team. The 3 types of ATS undertaken by the players were as follows: ATS1 (strength), ATS2 (endurance), and ATS3 (speed). The total distance covered, the distance covered at above 14 km·h−1, the distance covered >21 km·h−1, the number of high accelerations (>3 m·s−2), and player load were recorded. The results showed that external loads were consistently higher during matches when compared with all training sessions (range of effect sizes: 1.06–3.38). Between training session comparisons revealed higher external loads during ATS1 and ATS2, when compared with ATS3 (range of effect sizes: 0.60–2.41). The only external load variable that differed between ATS1 and ATS2 was the distance covered >21 km·h−1, which was higher for ATS1. Our findings suggest that technical staff should consider the physical demands of weekly periodization to understand the training process regarding optimizing player physical performance.
The Relationship Between Adductor Squeeze Strength, Subjective Markers of Recovery and Training Load in Elite Rugby Players
Authors: Tiernan Caoimhe , Lyons Mark , Comyns Tom , Nevill Alan M. , Warrington Giles
Published: August 2019

Tiernan, C, Lyons, M, Comyns, T, Nevill, AM, and Warrington, G. The relationship between adductor squeeze strength, subjective markers of recovery and training load in elite Rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2926–2931, 2019—The adductor squeeze strength test has become a popular training monitoring marker, particularly in team sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between adductor squeeze strength scores, subjective markers of recovery and training load in elite Rugby Union players, because of limited research in this area. Nineteen elite male Rugby Union players completed daily monitoring markers (adductor squeeze strength and 5 selected subjective markers of recovery), over a 10-week preseason training period. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected to determine training load (session RPE; RPE × session duration) and to calculate weekly training load. Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze the relationship between adductor squeeze strength scores, subjective markers of recovery, and weekly training load. The results found that where adductor squeeze scores decreased, both perceived fatigue levels (r = −0.335; R
2 = 11.2%; p < 0.001) and muscle soreness (r = −0.277; R
2 = 7.7%; p < 0.001) increased. A weak correlation was found between Monday adductor squeeze strength scores and the previous week's training load (r = −0.235; R
2 = 5.5%; p < 0.001) and Friday adductor squeeze strength scores and the same week's training load (r = −0.211; R
2 = 4.5%; p < 0.05). These results show that adductor squeeze strength may provide coaches with a time-efficient, low‐cost objective, player monitoring marker. Additionally, the combination of adductor strength squeeze, with subjective markers, perceived fatigue, and muscle soreness, and appropriately planned training load may help coaches to optimize training adaptations by determining a player's training status.