bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new Prenolepis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indomalaya and Australasia, with a redescription of P. dugasi from Vietnam
Authors: WILLIAMS JASON L. , LAPOLLA JOHN S.
Published: June 2018

Prenolepis is a lineage of formicine ants with its center of diversity in the Old World tropics. Three more Prenolepis species are added to the Indomalayan and Australasian fauna and another is synonymized, bringing the total number of Prenolepis species worldwide to 19. Two new species are described: P. nepalensis from Nepal and P. lakekamu from Papua New Guinea, the latter being the first in the genus east of Wallace’s Line. Additionally, P. dugasi Forel (comb. rev.) from Vietnam is transferred from Nylanderia and redescribed. Based on morphology, each of the three species appears to be most closely-related to other species found predominantly in or nearest to their respective bioregions: P. nepalensis most resembles P. darlena, P. fisheri, and P. fustinoda; P. lakekamu bears strongest resemblance to P. jacobsoni, P. jerdoni, and P. subopaca; and P. dugasi most resembles P. melanogaster. Descriptions, illustrations and images are provided for all three species. One new synonymy is proposed: P. angulinoda Chen & Zhou 2018 = P. fustinoda Williams & LaPolla 2016. An updated key for workers of all extant Prenolepis species is also included.
Synthesis of ZnO and Ag/ZnO Nanorods: Characterization and Synergistic In Vitro Biocidal Studies
Authors: Lakshmi R. Radha , Sruthi D , Prithiv K , Harippriya S , Aranganayagam K. R
Published: June 2018

The ZnO semiconductor has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60 meV) and direct wide band gap (3.72 eV). ZnO and Ag doped ZnO (Agx Zn1−xO (where x = 0.01, 0.02 and
0.03)) were synthesized by using soft chemical route. The synthesized materials were characterized by using XRD, HRSEM, EDS and HRTEM. The powder XRD pattern indicates that the ZnO and Agx Zn1−xO (where x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) samples exhibits
hexagonal wurtzite structure and also the Ag doping decreases the grain size of ZnO nano particles. The micro structural characterizations (HRSEM and HRTEM) reveal the incorporation of Ag into the ZnO lattice and also the formation of nano rods. At the length, the antimicrobial response was
also brought against human pathogenic Gram +ve (S. aureus), Gram −ve (E. coli) bacteria and Fungi (C. albicans). Thus the above work brings out the presence of antimicrobial response against the microbes from these nano composites.
Porous Pellets of Tungsten Nano Powder: Investigation of Surface Porosity of Machined Surfaces
Authors: Shwetha K , Deepa V , Kumar S. Prasanna , Kumar K. Santhosh , Ravi Meduri
Published: June 2018

The pressed dispenser cathodes are showing problem in machining due to their less strength because of low sintering temperature. In this paper, the synthesis of Nano tungsten powders and the fabrication of machinable porous Nano tungsten matrices were discussed. The Nano tungsten powders
were synthesized by two different routes. One is by using Ammonium Meta Tungstate in sol gel technique and other is dissolving micron sized tungsten particles in Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Using these synthesized Nano powders, the pellets were fabricated and the results
were compared with the pellet made of commercially available tungsten powder (particle size 0.6–1 μ). The pressed porous tungsten buttons are sintered at high temperature and machining is carried out after copper infiltration. In this paper, surface morphology, hardness and
machinability of porous tungsten Nano pellets were discussed.
A Novel Iron Silicate Mesoporous Material Synthesis and Its Characterization
Authors: Thangam M. A Mary , Kannan Chellapandian
Published: June 2018

The mesoporous materials have variety of applications in several field particularly it has a main role in Catalysis, Petrochemical industries and Adsorption. Normally the porous material has well ordered 3Dimensional structure, huge surface area, high thermal stability and active acid
sites. The properties of these materials can be varied because it is mostly depends on its template, synthesis method and isomorphous substitution of metal ions. There are two major mesoporous materials which are aluminosilicate and aluminophosphate. In this present investigation AlCl3
and FeCl3 are used in equal amount for the synthesis of mesoporous material. The synthesized material is characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, BET, EDAX and TPD. Morphological images were studied by SEM. These characterization techniques confirm the formation of mesoporous molecular
sieves.
Effect of Polymer Blends on Hydroxyapatite Using Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Helen S , Kumar A. Ruban
Published: June 2018

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized using polyethylene glycol with polyvinyl alcohol as blends which gave changes in stability to the synthesized HA. The addition of Polymer blends altered the morphology and particle size which carries more advantages. The single phase formation and
lattice parameters of the prepared compound were analyzed by powder XRD technique. Phase transition and various functional groups were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The morphology of the synthesized material was determined by SEM images and composition of the materials was analyzed through EDAX.
Structural, Magnetic and Rheological Behavior of Mn–Zn Ferrofluid
Authors: Zipare K. V , Bandgar S. S , Shahane G. S
Published: June 2018

Oleic acid coated Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles with different compositions have been synthesized by a chemical co-precipitation method to prepare kerosene based ferrofluid. XRD confirms the synthesis of single crystalline phase of Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles. The saturation
magnetization increases with increase in zinc concentration, reaches maximum at x = 0.4 and decreases for further increase in zinc concentration. The variation in saturation magnetization can be correlated to the modifications in cation distribution as a result of replacement of Mn-ion
by Zn-ion thereby modifying the superexchange interaction between the A and B sublattices. The synthesized ferrofluids behaved as Newtonian fluids in the absence of the magnetic field, which naturally reflected the lack of large aggregates. However, under the magnetic field, viscosity increased
because of formation of chain-like clusters of nanoparticles showing non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid. The viscosity increases with increase in zinc concentration, reaches maximum at x = 0.4 and decreases for further increase in zinc concentration. The variation in viscosity can
be correlated to the modifications in saturation magnetization as a result of substitution of Zn.
Optimization of Process Productivity for Multi Phase Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Reinforced Nanocomposites Using Taguchi-Fuzzy Model
Authors: Mausam Kuwar , Sharma Kamal , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Aniruddha
Published: June 2018

The present work is focused on the processing and machining of multiphase carbon nanotubes reinforced nanocomposites. In this work the author has performed electric discharge machining on multiphase carbon nanotubes reinforced nanocomposites. Optimal combination of different process
parameters have been decided determined for maximum material removal rate and minimum tool wear rate which results the improvement in productivity of the complete process. In this study four different process parameters (Peak current, gap voltage, pulse on time and duty cycle) are used and
the most significant parameter is illustrated. In the present work, the factor material removal rate has been considered as productivity measure. The goal is to determine the best process condition for maximizing material removal rate and simultaneously for minimizing the tool wear rate values,
which may be considered as multi-response optimization problem. Taguchi method is a well known optimization technique used for optimizing the single objective function. Consequently the conversion process of objective functions invites ambiguity, uncertainly etc. into the computation. These
implications always arises the need to correlate various responses. Hence to overcome these implications a fuzzy reasoning of multiple performance characteristics has been developed. This results in the transformation of multi performance characteristics in single multi-performance characteristics
(Productivity) and can be optimized using Taguchi method. Using Taguchi’s design of experiment methodology optimal combination of process parameters will be obtained for various performance measures. Process productivity Optimize using the Fuzzy logic approach and the optimal results
were also validated.
Stacking of InAs QDs with Different Spacer Layer Thickness on GaAs Substrate by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Saravanan S
Published: June 2018

InAs QDs were grown by supplying 2.5 mono-layers (MLs) of InAs at 500 °C in a molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) system. The QDs are approximately 4–6 nm height with an areal density of 3×85 ×1010 cm−2 for single layer QDs. Typical
diameter was found to be about 15–25 nm. InAs QDs were stacked with the spacer layer thickness of 5, 10, 15, 25 and 35 nm. For 15 nm of spacer layer thickness the QDs density decreased to 2.62×1010 cm−2 and again increased for 35 nm spacer layer and
reached to the value of 3.65×1010 cm−2. The 14 K photoluminescence (PL) spectra of single layer InAs QDs covered by GaAs layer centered at 1079 nm. For the stacking of InAs QDs with spacer layer thickness of 5 and 10 nm another peak appeared around 1100 nm
due to size broadening of QDs because of strain propagation to next layer due to less thickness of spacer layer. When the thickness of the spacer layer increased to 35 nm the peak position is around 1073 nm and the intensity increased more than 3 fold when compare to single layer QDs.
Effect of Annealing and Substrate Temperatures on the Structural Properties of In2Te3 Thin Films
Authors: Sowjanya Vallem , Bangera Kasturi V , Shivakumar G. K
Published: June 2018

Indium telluride (In2Te3) thin films were synthesized on glass substrates using thermal evaporation method under the vacuum of the order of 10−6 torr. The role of annealing and substrate temperatures on the growth of In2Te3
thin films was investigated. The structure, surface morphology, and composition of films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), respectively. The as-deposited films at substrate temperature 25 °C and
150 °C were found to be non-stoichiometric. The films deposited at 150 °C substrate temperature and post-annealed at 300 °C for 1 h were stoichiometric in composition and the XRD analysis revealed that these films were cubic in nature with preferred orientation along (5 1 1) plane.
The electrical studies revealed that the films were p-type in nature. In addition, the resistivity and optical band gap of optimized films found to be 33 × 10−2 Ω-cm and 0.99 eV, respectively.
Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Studies to Monitor the Interaction of L-Cysteine Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles with Calf Thymus DNA
Authors: Thomas Riju K , Prasanth S , Vineeshkumar T. V , Sudarsanakumar C
Published: June 2018

The focus of the study is to understand the interaction between calf thymus DNA and L-Cysteine capped Selenium nanoparticles (cys-SeNPs) using spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. The size of the nanoparticles was confirmed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Isothermal
titration calorimerty (ITC) provided the binding energy, the number of binding sites and the thermodynamic parameters. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence quenching studies established the number of binding sites and binding constant. Stabilization of the ct-DNA in the presence of cys-SeNPs
was determined from thermal melting studies. It is confirmed by the spectrophotometric titration and calorimetric studies that, selenium nanoparticles can form a complex with the double–helical DNA. The binding constant of cys-SeNPs with the DNA from fluorescence study was found to be
2.953 × 106 M−1 and is consistent with the value obtained from ITC experiment. The binding energies along with the binding sites symbolize the crucial role of van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds in the binding of cys-SeNPs with ct-DNA.
Dielectric and ac Conductivity Studies on Nanocrystalline Mn Modified Cobalt Ferrite
Authors: Supriya Sweety , Kumar Sunil , Kar Manoranjan
Published: June 2018

The ac conductivity and dielectric properties on CoFe2−xMnxO4 for x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 have been studied in detail. All the samples were prepared in nanocrystalline size. These materials are found to be crystallized to Fd <mml:math
display="block">   3 ¯    m space group in cubic spinel structure. The dielectric constant and ac conductivity
has been discussed as a function of frequency, temperature and composition. The relation between dielectric constant and ac conductivity has been analyzed and the results validate each other. The frequency response of ac conductivity (σac) obeys Johnschers power law
and the parameters obtained, explain the sources of ac and dc electrical conductivity in the material. The frequency response of σac follows Maxwell–Wagner two-layer model. The influence of frequency as pumping force on activation energy has been determined. The
temperature dependent ac conductivity shows the Arrhenius behavior. The σac observed to be enhanced with increase in frequency as well as temperature. The semiconducting behavior (NTCR) was also evident from temperature dependent electrical transport properties study.
The low value of ac conductivity suggests a possible use of this material in dielectric applications.
Improving the Efficiency of DASC by Adding CeO2/CUO Hybrid Nanoparticles in Water
Authors: Mohan V. Midhun , Sajeeb A. M
Published: June 2018

Solar energy is the abundantly available source of renewable energy with least impact on environment. Direct absorption solar collector (DASC) is the commonly used device to absorb heat directly from sun and make use of it for different heating applications. In the past, many experiments
have been done to increase the efficiency of DASC using nanofluids. In this paper, an examination of solar collector efficiency for hybrid CeO2/CuO-water (0.1% by volume) nanofluid under various flow rates and proportions of CeO2/CUO nanoparticles is investigated. The
experiments were conducted at flow rates spanning from 20 cc/min to 100 cc/min and with CeO2/CUO nanoparticles proportions of 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, 0.5:1, and 0:1. The efficiency increases from 16.5% to 51.6% when the flow rate is increased from 20 cc/min to 100 cc/min for hybrid CeO2/CuO(1:1)-water
nanofluid. The results also showed an increase in efficiency of 13.8, 18.1, 24.3, 24.9 and 26.1% with hybrid combination of CeO2/CUO at ratios 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, 0.5:1, and 0:1 respectively in comparison with water at a flow rate of 100 cc/min.
Relative Analysis of Plasmonic Impact of Silver and Aluminium Nanoparticles on SnO2 Nanoparticles for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Kumar P. Naveen , Bachan Neena , Chandrakala V , Sharmila D. J , Mary J. Sahaya Selva , Jeyarani W. Jothi , Shyla J. Merline
Published: June 2018

The present study reports Ag and Al plasmon doped SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized by a facile sol–gel route for photovoltaic applications. The crystallite and particle size of the samples detected from X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
(FE-SEM) studies depict that the Ag and Al doped SnO2 nanoparticles possessed declined sizes due to the effect of plasmons. Ultra Violet Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS) technique deduced the optical behaviour of the samples enriched with Surface Plasmon Resonance effect
in the doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Surface properties from Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) studies revealed an enhancement of surface area in the Ag doped SnO2 nanoparticles. Field-dependent dark and photoconductivity studies of the samples revealed significant rise in the
photo conducting nature of Ag and Al doped SnO2 nanoparticles. An overall relative analysis suggests that the Ag and Al plasmon doped SnO2 nanoparticles attributed with outstanding opto-electrical and surface properties, could serve as promising materials for photovoltaic
applications especially in solar cells.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanotubes Using Porous Anodic Alumina Templates
Authors: Suchitra S. M , Reddy P. Ramana , Udayashankar N. K
Published: June 2018

In the present paper, we reported the preparation of Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanotubes using porous anodic aluminium oxide membranes as templates through thermal condensation of cynamide at 500 °C. Structural analysis of synthesized nanotubes was systematically carried out
by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and results confirmed the growth of GCN inside the nanochannels of anodic alumina templates. Optical features of GCN were carried out using UV visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence. PL analysis showed that a strong
emission peak occurs in the wavelength range of 350–600 nm in blue region. Thermal behaviour of GCN was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Microwave Processed Lithium Titanate
Authors: Pavithra C , Kiran S. Roopas , Madhuri W
Published: June 2018

Lithium Titanate is an anode material used in electrical storage devices. The article presents for the first time Li4Ti2O6 synthesized by hydrothermal method and processed in microwaves. The microwave processed Li4Ti2O6
(LT) is characterized for structure and microstructure by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HRSEM) confirming the single phase formation and uniform morphology with a particle size varying from 52 nm to 149 nm.
The impedance analysis of LT confirms the relaxation is Debye type behavior at and above 360 °C while below this temperature, the relaxation is non-Debye behavior. The resistance decreased as temperature increases, suggesting Negative Temperature Coefficient of Resistance. The conductivity
values are varying from 10−3–10−5 S/cm.
Effect of Annealing on Structural Properties of Fe3O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Ravita  , Amita  , Kumar Ashok , Rana Pawan S
Published: June 2018

Nano-crystalline Fe3O4 particles has been synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The synthesized samples were annealed at different temperature 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C. The effect of annealing temperature on structural properties of synthesized
sample has been studied by various analytical techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the synthesis of single crystalline phase of
Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The crystallite size of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles is about 7 nm. The crystallinity of iron oxide nanoparticles is enhanced by annealing treatment which is also confirmed by corresponding SEM and TEM micrographs. A phase transition from
magnetite (Fe3O4) to hematite (α-F2O3) is observed when the samples are annealed above 500 °C. The fundamental groups of the iron oxide and annealed samples have been identified from FTIR spectrum. The particle size calculated from
TEM images for the Fe3O4 sample varies in the range 5–20 nm and it has been observed that the particle size increases on annealing.
Mathematical Modeling of Velocity and Heat Transfer in an Optically Thick Nanofluid Incorporating Several Engineering Strategies
Authors: Vernekar D. Saroj , Kumari S. V. H. N. Krishna , Kumar Y. V. K. Ravi , Subhash P
Published: June 2018

Fluid systems in which the governing transport occurs only among neighbouring volume elements allow the modeling via differential equation. To exemplify this, the fluid flow and heat transfer were studied in water based optically thick nanofluids containing nanoparticles of Copper (Cu)
and Silver (Ag). The engineering strategies incorporated in unsteady free convection flow past an oscillating plate with variable inclination in the presence of magnetic field with porous medium. The following aspects were addressed: (a) the Physical laws that control the fluid flow and heat
transfer (b) the appropriate Mathematical modeling (c) the relevant approximations (d) the conversion of the differential equations into algebraic form using Laplace Transforms. The algebraic expressions were then used to establish the profiles of velocity, temperature, Nusselt number and
Skin friction. The results are critically assessed graphically and possible optimum solutions proposed.
Ag–TiO2 Nanofiber Membranes for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Nair Abhinav K , JagadeeshBabu P. E
Published: June 2018

TiO2 nanoparticles have been widely studied for photocatalytic degradation of dyes, but their small size makes catalyst recovery difficult. When compared to TiO2 nanoparticles, nanofibers are larger in size and exhibit good photocatalytic activity. Doping TiO2
with suitable modifiers like silver can further boost their performance. In the present work, TiO2 nanofibers were synthesized using hydrothermal method. The obtained TiO2 fibers were then doped with silver via photo-deposition method under ultra-violet light irradiation.
Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the nanofibers. Future, these nanofibers were used to synthesize a hierarchical photocatalytic membrane to enable continuous degradation
and filtration. The effects of catalyst loading on permeation and dye removal were studied using rhodamine B. The silver doped TiO2 nanofiber membranes exhibited good dye removal capabilities.
Development and Characterization of Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Ganesh G. N. K , Chopra Vianni , Karri Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Reddy , Koundinya S. Kiran , Kumar R. Suresh , Arun R
Published: June 2018

Gemcitabine hydrophilic used for the treatment of solid tumours like ovarian, breast, bladder and small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer. In year 1996 FDA approved it for breast cancer treatment but it has a drawback of rapid body clearance by kidney and metabolism by the plasmatic
enzyme cytidine-deaminase. The aim of the study is to entrap gemcitabine in Core–Shell nanoparticles which acts an efficient carrier system for increasing drug’s efficacy. Gemcitabine loaded with BSA-PLGA core shell Nanoparticle prepared by double emulsion-solvent diffusion
evaporation method using a ratio optimized to 1:4 respectively. The particle size was found to be 237.6 nm and high encapsulation efficiency was achieved with a concentration of 1.5% TPGS as a primary stabilizer and 3% PVA as a secondary stabilizer. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency
of the Nanoparticles was 18 μg/mg and 35.1% w/w. IC-50 value of the formulation was found to be (10 μM) in MIA-PaCA 2 cell line.
Geometry Induced Crosstalk Reduction in CNT Interconnects for VLSI Circuits
Authors: Sathyakam P. Uma , Singh Paridhi , Bhardwaj Priyamanga , Mallick P. S
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes novel triangular cross sectioned geometry of carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles for crosstalk and hence, delay reduction in CNT bundle interconnects for VLSI circuits. We formulate the equivalent single conductor (ESC) transmission line models of the interconnects and
show that the coupling capacitance of triangular bundle is 29% lesser than the traditionally used square bundles of carbon nanotube interconnects. We further simulate the proposed ESC models of capacitively coupled CNT bundle interconnects using Smart SPICE and find that the crosstalk induced
delay of triangular interconnects is 30% lesser as compared to square bundle interconnects. The reduction in delay is found to increase as the number of CNTs increase in the bundle. From these results, we suggest that triangle cross-sectioned CNT bundles are the most suitable candidates as
global interconnects.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized Cobalt Manganese Alloys
Authors: BlessyBabukutty  , FasalurahmanParakkal  , Nair Swapna S
Published: June 2018

Co–Mn alloy nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical route by the decomposition of metal chlorides by sodium borohydride using oleic acid as the capping agent. SEM, TEM and XRD are used to determine structural and morphological properties of the samples. From XRD spectra analysis,
it is confirmed that the sample contains cobalt–manganese alloy. Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) is used to estimate the particle size of the Co–Mn sample where a bimodal particle size distribution with one maximum at (3.5 ± 1.8) nm and another maximum at (7.6
± 2.5) nm is observed. Magnetic investigation employed by Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) shows that the samples are magnetic with saturation magnetization of 0.018 emu/g for the prepared sample and 0.457 emu/g for the annealed sample. The nature of chemical conjugation of Co–Mn
nanoparticles and oleic acid is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric measurements of Co–Mn indicate exothermic peaks at 545 K and 723 K revealing the structural transition from amorphous phase to crystallined form. The chemical composition of the sample
is verified using EDX spectra.
An Investigation on Behavior of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes as an Additive to Cement
Authors: VijayaBhaskar A , Shanmugasundaram M
Published: June 2018

In the present study an attempt was made to study the effect of multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on cement as an additive. The multi-wall carbon nanotubes used in this study has a diameter of 30 nm. This multi walled carbon nanotubes added as additives to cement were in percentage
of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 to weight of cement. Using this modified cement; Binder pastes and mortars were prepared and tested for its various behaviors. The tests were carried for normal consistency, initial setting time, final setting time and strength developments in MWCNTs modified
cements. The mortars specimens were further studied for its micro structural behavior through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results show that multi-wall carbon nanotubes increases the strength parameters and micro structural behavior. There were no considerable changes in
terms of to the high cost of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, 0.8 percentage can be the optimal percentage of additive in terms of performance and strength.
Optical and Corrosion Studies of Spray Pyrolysis Coated Titanium Dioxide Thin Films
Authors: Shajudheen V. P. Muhamed , Rani K. Anitha , Kumar V. Senthil , Maheswari A. Uma , Sivakumar M , Kumar S. Saravana
Published: June 2018

In the present work, nanostructured thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been coated on the stainless steel (SS 304L) substrate by spray pyrolysis coating technique. The surface morphology and chemical constituents of the thin film have recorded using Field Effect Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX) respectively. The structural and optical properties of the films of as deposited were examined by Micro Raman, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL) and UV-Vis absorption method. The FESEM micrograph showed the microporous
nature of the film. EDAX spectrum illustrated the presence of Ti and O on the coated surface of the steel substrate. The peaks in the micro Raman spectrum indicated that the TiO2 samples of present study are in rutile phase of titanium dioxide. A strong emission peak around 350
nm was observed in the Photoluminescence spectrum of the samples. The anti-corrosion properties of the TiO2 coated samples were investigated by neutral salt spray test for 390 h. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis and Tafel analysis were performed before and after
salt spray test and the results suggested an increase of corrosion resistance of the titanium dioxide thin film in a corrosive environment. The positive shift of equilibrium corrosion potential (Ecorr) of bare stainless steel to thin film coated stainless steel (from −0.96
V to −0.38 V) in the electrochemical Tafel analysis implied the significant increase of corrosion resistance.
Dysprosium-Substitution Induced Changes in Structural and Electrical Properties of NiCuZn Ferrites
Authors: Kabbur S. M , Ghodake U. R , Suryavanshi S. S
Published: June 2018

Ni0.25Cu0.30Zn0.45DyxFe2−xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.125 mol.%) ferrimagnetic samples have been prepared by sol–gel autocombustion route. The lattice parameter (a) increases with dysprosium
concentration indicating the expansion of unit cell as observed from XRD studies. As the dysprosium content increases minor orthoferrite phase is seen in the samples. The porosities of samples increase indicting crystal imperfections. Using Hall-Williamson analysis, the crystallite size was
found to vary between 24.36 nm to 37.1 nm. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), two absorption bands ν1 and ν2 corresponding to the intrinsic vibrations of tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively are observed which confirm the spinel phase
formation and ascertain the cation distribution in the samples. The transmission electron micrographs exhibit spherical shape and narrow size distribution of nanoparticles. The sintered ferrite samples exhibit usual dielectric dispersion involving Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial polarization.
A decrease in dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and AC conductivity with frequency is observed.
Microstructural and Nanomechanical Properties of Aluminium Nitride (AlN) Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Balakrishan G , Kumar A. Karthik , Kannan M , Manikandan K , Karthikeyan V , Mukeswaran B , Harikaran R
Published: June 2018

Aluminium nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited on AISI-1018 low carbon steel substrates at different substrate temperature (Room temperature −600 °C) using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The microstructural, mechanical and corrosion properties were investigated using
X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation and salt spray test respectively. The microstructural and properties were investigated as a function of substrate temperature. The XRD analysis of the AlN thin films prepared at RT and 200 °C indicated the poor crystallinity
of the films, while the films prepared in the temperature 400–600 °C range indicated the increased crystallinity with hexagonal (0002) and cubic (002) structure. The AFM analysis showed the average roughness of 7 nm, 5.5 nm and 16 nm for room temperature, 200 °C and 500 °C
temperature respectively. The hardness of the AlN thin films were found to be 11.99 GPa, 13.05 GPa, 12.29 GPa, 23.0 GPa and 11.12 GPa at room temperature, 200 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C, respectively. The salt spray analysis indicated no corrosion on low carbon steel substrates
for 12 hours.
Highly Accelerated Life Testing of Ceramic Capacitors Using Capacitor Test Board by Lognormal Method and Integrated with PLM Solutions
Authors: Kalaiselvan C , Rao Lokavarapu Bhaskara
Published: June 2018

Compare to previous decay, now days consumer expectation is very high about the electronic product what they are going to purchase. The consumer analyzes the quality of the product with the product competitors. The electronic component manufacturer is under immersive pressure to show
their reliability of their product and maintain their place in the market. Reliability engineering helps to announce the guaranty period of the electronic product. Highly Accelerated Life Testing (HALT) is the latest technology in the reliability field for testing the electronic components.
The highly accelerated life testing is conducted at accelerated stress level to generate more failure data in a short span of time. The Capacitor test board is used to test the most commonly used X5R Ceramic Capacitor to identify the time to failure data (TTF). The time to failure data follows
a statistical distribution to find out the mean time to failure data (MTTF) at accelerated conditions. The time to failure data of capacitor at accelerated condition is converted to actual conditions and integrated with PLM solution using SQL Query, Java and HTML. The integration helps to
reduce product time to market and increase the profitability of the manufacturer.
Design and Verification of High Performance Standard Cells for Clock Network Applications
Authors: Ravi S , Mandal Suprovab , Kittur Harish M
Published: June 2018

Standard cell libraries are required by all CAD tools for chip planning. Standard cell libraries contain primitive cells required for advanced configuration. Be that as it may, more crucial cells that have been infrequently upgraded can likewise be incorporated. The principle reason
for the CAD tools is to actualize the alleged RTL- to-GDS stream. Design and verification of standard cells (clock path) the advanced clock buffers and inverters present superior performance compared to the existed clock buffers and inverters. The RTL synthesis report shows that timing slack,
numbers of inverters and power consumption have been reduced by 65.9%, 80.5% and 5.1% respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of Murraya koenigii Linn Formulation for Potential Topical Application
Authors: Banerjee Kaushita , Kamat Nandita , Pearline Diana , Thiagarajan Narayanaswamy , Thiagarajan Padma
Published: June 2018

Murraya koenigii Linn leaf (curry leaf) is a favored spice known for its medicinal, therapeutic, nutraceutical and cosmetic properties. Its oil formulations have emerged as a favorable base for controlled delivery of actives by topical route of administration. However, most of
such formulations include several synthetic chemicals as emulsifiers and stabilizers that may be hazardous in the long run. In the present study, curry leaf oil formulation with an alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier has been formulated for potential dermatological applications. Ultrasonication
was employed for reduced particle size and better efficiency. The formulation was characterized for mean particle size, polydispersity index zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. FTIR analysis of the oil confirmed the presence of the functional groups of its constituents as identified
by GC-MS and revealed the prevalence of extensive hydrogen bonding in the formulation. Its SEM image showed the structural topography. The viability of different concentrations of the oil, tested on dermal fibroblasts cells (3T3 cell lines), was found to be from 97% to 20%. The accelerated
stability tests confirmed the formulation’s non-susceptibility to various destabilization mechanisms after a period of 180 days at 37 °C, or under low speed centrifugation. Furthermore, the formulation was stable when stored at 40 °C, 4 °C and −18 °C for 3 cycles.
Thus, this bio based formulation can either be used as such or as a base matrix for loading active ingredients for topical delivery.
Effect of Perforation on the Bending Behavior of Temperature-Dependent Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composite Plate
Authors: Mandhatha P. S , Reddy K. V. L. S. S , Tripathy P , Kar V. R
Published: June 2018

In the present article, the bending behaviour of carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate subjected to thermomechanical loading is examined with and without perforations. For the computational purpose, fully clamped support condition is considered. The carbon nanotube reinforced composite
plate is comprised of single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced composite as fibre and PmPV as matrix material. The extended rule-of-mixture is employed to evaluate the temperature-dependent material properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composite panel. The bending responses are obtained
through finite element tool ANSYS APDL via eight-nodded shell element (SHELL281) with forty eight degrees-of-freedom per element. The kinematic model of the present carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate is based on the first-order shear deformation theory. To exhibit the efficacy of the
present model, the present responses are compared with those of the previously published literature. The effect of different parameters such as temperature, thickness ratio, volume fraction and perforation on the bending behaviour of carbon nanotube reinforced composite plate is illustrated
through numerous numerical examples.
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis and Their Environmental Applications
Authors: Srinath B. S , Namratha K , Byrappa K
Published: June 2018

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is an eco-friendly, cost effective and nontoxic alternative to chemical and physical methods. The microbe which inhabits nearly all surfaces on the earth, an attainment typically attributed to their metabolic adaptability. The organism which
resides in gold mines would be having more capability to resist against soluble gold toxicity and produce gold nanoparticles efficiently. In the present study, we report for the synthesis of GNPs by a member of Bacillus subtilis isolated from Hutti gold mine, India. The synthesis of
GNPs was observed by a color change from yellow to pink and confirmed by a peak around 545 nm using a UV–visible spectroscopy. The synthesized GNPs were further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM). The results show that synthesized GNPs are well dispersed and their size ranges 20–25 nm. The present work is aimed to use green synthesized GNPs as catalyst to degrade Methylene blue (MB) and these GNPs could be used to degrade toxic dyes in the environment.
Comparative Study Between Two Different High-Energy Emulsification Strategies for the Preparation of Bio-Oil Based Nanoemulsion
Authors: Swathy J. S , Mishra Prabhakar , Mukherjee Amitava , Chandrasekaran Natarajan
Published: June 2018

The current experimentation deals about the comparative study of two different high-energy emulsification techniques used for nanoemulsion formulation. The preparation of clove oil nanoemulsion accomplished through high-energy methods such as ultrasonication and high pressure homogenization.
The coarse emulsion formed after mixing the oil phase consisting of clove oil and the aqueous phase comprising of Tween 80 and Milli-Q water was subjected to the both high energy method in order to compare the efficiency. The comparative study was carried out based on droplet size, nanoemulsion
stability and its antimicrobial potential. Significant differences has been observed in the droplet size and antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion prepared by ultrasonication and high pressure homogenization. The nanoemulsion prepared from high pressure homogenizer exhibit good stability
compared to nanoemulsion prepared using ultrasonication technique, with a low droplet size. Further the antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsion prepared via ultrasonication and high pressure homogenization was evaluated against bacterial pathogen P. alcaligenes (in-vitro studies),
among which nanoemulsion prepared through high pressure homogenization exhibited significant antimicrobial potential. Therefore the nanoemulsion prepared using high pressure homogenization showed effective antimicrobial potential against P. alcaligenes with low droplet size and
higher stability.
Buffer for High Performance in CNT Based VLSI Interconnects
Authors: Karthikeyan A , Mallick P. S
Published: June 2018

Integrated circuits (IC’s) are sized for higher performance and packing density. Interconnects are major components to carry signals between transistors. Interconnect delay increases due to increase in length of interconnect. Optimization of interconnects is more essential to
improve the performance of integrated circuits. Repeater insertion is an important technique used in optimizing the performance of interconnects in integrated circuits. Repeaters have to be designed to satisfy the performance constraints. In this paper we have designed a new repeater using
transistors and analyzed the performance at various bias levels. The Repeater design was implemented at various technology nodes using PTM models and Bulk CMOS. Delay and power dissipation are analyzed for various voltage levels and load levels using Spice simulations. The results show that
the proposed repeater has lesser delay compared to the conventional repeater with an increase of power dissipation and they are more suitable for Critical path in VLSI interconnects. They can be applicable for CNT based VLSI interconnects.
Expounding Transport Properties of Deoxyribonucleic Acid for Electronic Applications
Authors: Vohra Rajan , Sawhney Ravinder Singh
Published: June 2018

The scientific interest in field of molecular electronics has raised many folds in last decade to become the centre stage of contemporary research. The community of researchers working in this domain has been continuously exploring newer molecules, which can replace semiconductors of
last century and still continue with the same growth. In this research communiqué, we have implemented molecular junctions using NEGF-EHT approach to elucidate the electronic transport properties of two important strands Adenine and Cytosine of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sandwiched
between with two Au leads under finite bias conditions. Important revelation include non-linear behaviour exhibited with exponential current rise around zero bias due to kondo assisted resonant tunnelling and temperature invariance over a large range of temperature. G–V
graph divulges that conductance of the adenine decrease linearly with the increase in bias voltage initially and then becomes dormant for further increase in bias voltage. Contrary to this, the conductance of cytosine is observed to be equal to quantum of conductance (G0)
that unambiguously indicates the metallic behaviour of cytosine. The vital information collected through this research work provides vital insight for developing applications as sensors, switches and memory devices.
Development of High Bandwidth Flexure Based Stage for Nanopositioning Applications
Authors: Reddy T. Narendra , Vithun S. N , Vinod Prakash , Rao Shrikantha S , Herbert Mervin
Published: June 2018

Micro and Nanopositioning systems are widely used in semiconductor, optics, materials science, photonics packaging, optical focusing objectives etc. This paper is focused on development of high bandwidth flexure based stage for nanopositioning requirements. The speed, nano-metric motions
and positioning accuracy are limited based on the structural vibrations of the flexure based nanopositioning, non-linear characteristics of the piezo-actuators and control system performance. The research work carried out includes design of complaint mechanisms, fabrication of flexure stages
and implementation of closed loop systems to achieve high bandwidth positioning applications. The developed high speed and high bandwidth nanopositioning system are tested for accuracy, linearity and cross talk motions for Nanopositioning applications.
Modeling of Field Dependent Maxwell-Wagner Interfacial Capacitance for Bilayer Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitors
Authors: Kannadassan D , Rajshekar Kadiyam , Shaikshavali Dudekula , Sanal Aparna , Baghini Maryam Shojaei , Mallick P. S
Published: June 2018

In this letter, we have presented the modeling of field dependent Maxwell-Wagner interfacial capacitance for bilayer Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitors. The model was verified with measured capacitance–voltage characteristics of fabricated bilayer Al2O3/TiO2
MIM capacitors. The model reveals the origin of voltage linearity of MIM capacitors at low frequencies (<10 kHz). The proposed model for bilayer/multilayer MIM capacitors is very useful tool to design circuits for mixed signal, analog and digital circuits with low variation of capacitance
for change in voltage.
Node Deployment Using Virtual Force with Particle Swarm Optimization in WSN
Authors: Umadevi K. S , Shah Virti , Desai Unnati
Published: June 2018

Sensor nodes are always considered in wireless sensor networks. So deployments of these sensor nodes are considerable, but proper deployment can decrease the complication of problems in wireless sensor networks. During such communication, data routing must be done efficiently in order
to reduce the complexity. In addition, it minimizes energy consumption and thus extends the lifetime of Network. An attempt is made using Virtual Force and Particle Swarm Optimization for effective node deployment. First step, Virtual Force Algorithm is used for placement of nodes. Secondly,
the result is provided to Particle Swarm Optimization to optimize the best fit between the neighbor nodes. The result depicts the proper deployment of nodes done in wireless sensor networks and improves the efficiency by minimal energy consumption.
Comparing Anti Aging Potential Between Centella asiatica and Acalypha indica: Focus on Forelimb Muscle Strength
Authors: Dwijayanti Adisti , Farida Siti , Purwaningsih Erni Hernawati
Published: June 2018

Decreasing muscle strength is one of the age-related declined. We evaluated the forelimb muscle strength of old rats treated with Centella asiatica (CA) and Acalypha indica (AI), both are known for anti inflammation, which made them potentials as anti aging. Sprague-Dawley
rats (18 months old) were divided into the following groups: (1) receiving only solvent, (2) AI extract 250 mg/kgBW, (3) CA extract 300 mg/kgBW, and young group (3 months old) as control. Body weights were measured before and after treatment while the forelimb muscle strength was measured
using handgrip test and muscles weight at the end of the study (one month). The time rats were able to hold on their grip was determined in seconds. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD post hoc analysis. The solvent group achieved the shortest time in handgrip test, followed by AI and
CA. The young group has the longest time as expected. The time last for the young (30,13 ± 5.98) and CA (29.47 ± 9.61) group were not statistically different (p = 0.873) while the young were significantly longer than AI (p = 0.038) and the old (p = 0.001). The old rats unsurprisingly
loss their body weight but the CA group showed the least while the young still gained their weight. Meanwhile there were no muscle weight differences between groups. Centella asiatica may have anti aging activity by showing similar forelimb muscle strength in aged rats as the young,
possibly due to its inhibition in age related body weight loss.
Comparison of High and Low Fidelity Simulation on Adult Advanced Life Support Skill Attainment and Knowledge Improvement on FMUI Students
Authors: Tantri Aida Rosita , Sugiarto Adhrie , Waiman Milton , Dwijayanti Adisti , Muktiarti Dina , Sianipar Imelda R
Published: June 2018

Teaching of adult advanced life support (ALS) using low fidelity simulation (LFS) and high fidelity simulation (HFS) gives different results, that can be caused by cultural background difference among students. This study aims to determine the comparison of HFS and LFS in ALS skill
attainment and knowledge improvement on FMUI students. An experimental, randomized, single-blinded study with descriptive and analytic data presentation was conducted. Subjects were 39 FMUI students on the 3rd semester. All subjects had written pretest, lecture, and watched video demonstration.
In training session, subjects were divided into two groups: LFS and HFS group. LFS group used ResusciAnne® and HFS group used SIMMAN3G®. There were written posttest and skill examination using SIMMAN3G®. Data collected were skill examination and
written test scores. Statistical tests used were unpaired T test and Mann Whitney. The skill score in the LFS group was 47.8(39.1–56.5) and in the HFS group was 65.2(39.1–78.2), p = 0.02. The increase of knowledge score in LFS group was 42,75±13,90 (pretest knowledge score
35,25±9,93, posttest knowledge score 78,00±14,73) and HFS group 45.26±10.99 (pretest knowledge score 34.47±7.80, posttest knowledge score 79,74±10,20), p = 0.53. The use of HFS is better than LFS in attaining adult ALS skill on FMUI students and both methods
provide equal result in knowledge improvement.