bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adminitrasi layanan khusus
Authors: Nolanopita
Published: December 2019

Special service administration is to provide services specifically or a business that is not directly related to the teaching and learning process in the classroom. But specifically given by the school to the students so that they are more optimal in carrying out the learning process Special service management in schools isbasically set and organized to facilitate or facilitate learning, and can meet the special needs of students at school. Special services are held in schools with the aim of facilitating the implementation of teaching in the context of achieving educational goals in schools. Education in schools also includes trying to keep studentsin good condition. Good here concerning physical and spiritual aspects. Specialservices provided by schools to students, between schools one with other schools are generally the same, but the management process and utilization are different. Some special services available at school include: Library, Labor, UKS (Schoolof Health Business), School Kafetaria, Facilities of w
Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Perawat Tentang Pelaksanaan Asuhan Keperawatan di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Naibaho Aqnest Octaviani
Published: December 2019

Asuhan keperawatan adalah suatu pendekatan untuk pemecahan masalah pada pasien dengan memberikan pelayanan keperawatan. Proses keperawatan sebagai salah satu pendekatan utama dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan, pada dasarnya suatu proses pengambilan keputusan dan penyelesaian masalah (Nursalam, 2001). Pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan dilakukan berdasarkan kaidah-kaidah keperawatan sebagai suatu profesi yang didasarkan ilmu dan kiat keperawatan yang bersifat humanistic, dan berdasarkan kebutuhan objektif pasien untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi pasien serta dilandasi kode etik dan etika keperawatan dalam lingkup wewenang serta tanggung jawab keperawatan.
PENGEVALUASIAN PROSES KEPERAWATAN YANG TELAH DILAKSANAKAN KEPADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Marpaung Sri Harvita Sari
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang : Pengevaluasian proses keperawatan merupakan proses lanjutan yang diberikan kepada pasien. Pengevaluasian akan memuat hasil dari awal pengkajian hingga penatalaksanaan, dalam proses ini akan diperoleh respon dari pasien apakah pasien dapat mencapai tujuan, sedang mencapai tujuan atau belum mampu mencapai tujuan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pasien.Tujuan : mengetahui proses pengevaluasian proses keperawatan yang telah diberikan kepada pasien yang menderita diabetes melltitus. Metode : menggunakan literature riview berdasarkan teks book, jurnal, e-book (10 tahun terakhir) dengan cara menganalisis, eksplorasi sumber dan kajian bebas. Hasil : memberikan informasi pengevaluasian mengenai hasil yang didapatkan dari asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien yang menderita diabetes mellitus. Pembahasan : pengertian evaluasi keperawatan, tujuan evaluasi keperawatan bagi pasien DM, tahapan evaluasi keperawatan pada pasien DM. Kesimpulan : Pengevaluasian proses keperawatan pada pasien yang menderita penyakit DM bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemajuan dari kesehatan pasien apakah pasien telah mencapai tujuan, sedang dalam proses mencapai tujuan atau tidak bisa mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Dengan demikian dari hasil pengevaluasian proses keperawatan, perawat mampu mengambil keputusan yang tepat untuk masa perawatan yang akan diberikan pada pasien DM sehingga kebutuhan pasien terpenuhi dan kesehatan pasien dapat mengalami kemajuan.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN PELAKSANAAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Purba Angel Oktavia
Published: December 2019

Tindakan keperawatan atau implementasi adalah tahap etika perawat mengaplikasikan rencana asuhan keperawatan kedalam bentuk intervensi keperawatan guna membantu klien mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui defenisi implementasi, tujuan dilakukannya implementasi, dan bagaimana pelaksanaan tahap impleme ntasi . Metode penulisan ini adalah Literature Riview, dimana ini menganalisis artikel yang relevan dan berfokus pada tema tahap implementasi keperawatan.Hasil, Berdasarkan pencarian literature didapatkan apa itu defenisi implementasi keperawatan atau tindakan keperawatan, apa saja tujuan dilakukannya implementasi keperawatan dan bagaimana pelaksaanaan tahap implementasi.
KINERJA PERAWAT DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBERIAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Purba Muhaini Atmayana
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang : Kinerja perawat dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan merupakan aplikasi kemampuan atau pembelajaran yang telah diterima selama menyelesaikan program pendidikan keperawatan untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan dalam peningkatan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, dan pelayanan terhadap pasien. Tujuan : Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu mengidenifikasi kinerja perawat dalam pelaksanaan pemberian asuhan keperawatan di rumah sakit. Metode : Metode yang digunakan merupakan literatur review atau suatu perbandingan atau analisis antara satu jurnal dengan jurnal lainnya dari berbagai sumber seperti referensi jurnal, buku teks dan e-book. Hasil : Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa mayoritas responden memiliki kinerja baik dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan sebanyak 71%, sedangkan responden yang kinerjanya buruk sebanyak 29%. Berdasarkan Depkes RI, sandar pencapaian kinerja dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan minimal 75%. Walaupun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan 71 % perawat memiliki kinerja baik namun nilai ini belum mencapai standar Depkes RI. Kesimpulan : Diharapkan perawat untuk dapat meningkatkan kinerja dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan agar sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan Depkes RI.
Peran perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian di rumah sakit
Authors: Yasriq Latifah
Published: December 2019

LATAR BELAKANG: Perawat sebagai salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang harus menjalankan asuhan keperawatan guna membantu pasien dalam memecahkan semua permasalahan kesehatan. Langkah pertama dalam asuhan keperawatan yaitu pengkajian dalam keperawatan.TUJUAN: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan memahami bagaimana seorang perawat dalam menjalankan perannya melakukan pengkajian keperawatan dirumah sakit.METODE: penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review analis melalui e-journal, membaca buku-buku, serta refrensi e-book yang terkait asuhan keperawatan dirumah sakit. HASIL: dari hasil penelitian didapatkannya peranan perawat dirumah sakit dalam melaksanakan pengkajian merupakan point utama untuk penegakkan diagnose. KESIMPULAN: dari hasil penelitian ini, disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan terkini perawat untuk mengoptimalkan pelayanan kesehatan yang akan diberikan kepada pasien lewat pelatihan,seminar, atau penelitian.
MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN GANGGUAN JIWA
Authors: jannati rayyan
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang: Gangguan jiwa merupakan suatu sindrom atau gangguan perilaku yang terjadi pada seseorang dan sering dikaitkan dengan adanya distres dan juga disabilitas (kerusakan pada satu atau lebih area fungsi yang penting). Tujuan: memaparkan tentang cara menjalankan implementasi keperawatan pada pasien dengan gangguan jiwa tanpa harus membeda-bedakan dengan pasien dengan status kesehatan mental yang baik. Metode: analisis, eksplorasi dan kajian bebas. Hasil: Perawat yang melakukan implementasi keperawatan pada pasien gangguan jiwa masih dal kategori kurang baik. Pembahasan: Implementasi dalam asuhan keperawatan merupakan melakukan dan mendokumentasikan tindakan keperawatan khusus yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan intervensi. Kesimpulan: Kelancaran dalam memberikan suatu pelayanan asuhan keperawatan berasal dari perawat yang memberikan tindakan. Saran: Perawat idak boleh membeda-bedakan dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan terhadap pasien dengan atau tanpa gangguan jiwa.
Pentingnya Pengkajian dan Syarat Pengkajian dalam Proses keperawatan
Authors: Maha Aprillia S
Published: December 2019

Proses pengkajian merupakan tahap awal dari proses keperawatan yang dilakukan secara sistematis dengan mengumpulkan data individu secara komperhensif terkait aspek biologis, psikologis, sosial, maupun spiritual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan proses pengkajian keperawatan di ruang rawat inap. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi fenomenologi. Partisispan pada penelitian ini sebanyak lima partisipan dan dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner data demografi, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam serta direkam dengan menggunakan alat perekam. Analisa data dilakukan dengan metode Colaizzi. Hasil penelitian dikelompokkan menjadi empat kategori yaitu faktor pendorong pelaksanaan pengkajian, metode pengumpulan data dalam pengkajian, manfaat melakukan pengkajian, dan faktor penghambat pelaksanaan proses pengkajian. Mengingat pentingnya pengkajian maka direkomendasikan agar perawat mendapat pelatihan keterampilan melakukan pengkajian keperawatan yang komperhensif dan berkesinambungan
Administrasi Keuangan
Authors: Naufan Fadhil
Published: December 2019

This article describe about Financial administration. The financial administration in school is very important to be accountable for the teaching and learning process. Accountability, reporting and inspection, and the role of teachers in the financial administration shall be liable in accordance with the prevailing rules. Finance also needs to be managed as well as possible so that there are no mistakes in using it and the money is used correctly, because in reality this money is very sensitive because if something goes wrong it will have a bad impact. Financial management activities are carried out through a process of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, controlling or controlling. this is important, especially in the context of the implementation of School-Based Management, which gives schools the authority to find and utilize various funding sources according to school needs. This article explains how the role of finance is important in the world of education which starts from planning to later supervising the funds used in educational activities where the use must be careful so that there is no financial loss or misuse.
The European Union as a Manager of Global 'Business and Human Rights' Regulation: Country-by-Country Reporting Rules
Authors: Nissen Aleydis
Published: December 2019

The European Union’s 2013 Country-by-Country Reporting (CBCR) rules bring within the public domain information on corporate payments made to governments all over the world for the purpose of exploiting natural resources in the oil, gas, mining and logging sectors. In so doing, the CBCR rules enhance transparency in these sectors and aim to reduce tax avoidance and corruption in resource-rich countries. Arguably, they also contribute to the European Commission’s long-term strategy to secure sustained access to raw materials in the European Economic Area. The CBCR rules represent one of the only three binding regulatory frameworks that have been adopted at the EU level to implement the 2011 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Just as with the two other initiatives that came into existence (the Non-Financial Reporting Directive and the Conflict Minerals Regulation), the immediate impact on the competitiveness of corporations based in the EU was a key concern during the legislative process. This article uncovers the two strategies that were employed to overcome such concern and give the CBCR rules a ‘global’ character.
Improving compliance of recreational fishers with Rockfish Conservation Areas: community–academic partnership to achieve and evaluate conservation.
Authors: Ban Natalie
Published: December 2019

Compliance is a key factor in ensuring success of marine conservation. We describe a community-academic partnership that seeks to reduce non-compliance of recreational fishers with Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) around Galiano Island in British Columbia, Canada. Previous work showed mostly unintentional non-compliance by recreational fishers. From 2015-2018 we developed and implemented outreach and public education activities. We distributed information at community events, and installed 46 metal signs with maps of nearby RCAs at marinas, ferry terminals, and boat launches. During the summers of 2015, 2017, and 2018, we interviewed 86 recreational fishers to gauge their compliance with RCAs. Compared to a baseline in 2014, there was a reduction of 22% (from 25% to 3%) of people who unintentionally fished in RCAs with prohibited gears. In 2018, 67% of participants had seen our outreach materials. We used trail cameras overlooking RCAs to assess non-compliance in six locations on Galiano Island. Illegal fishing incidents within RCAs declined from 42% of days monitored in 2014 to 14% in 2018. While our outreach efforts were limited in scale and scope, they appear to be making a difference. Our activities and findings can provide guidance for other regions seeking to improve compliance by recreational fishers.
Juvenile harbor porpoises in the UK are exposed to a more neurotoxic mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls than adults
Authors: Williams Rosie
Published: December 2019

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 persistent and bio-accumulative toxic pollutants present as complex mixtures in human and animal tissues. Harbor porpoises accumulate some of the highest levels of PCBs because they are long-lived mammals that feed at a high trophic level. Studies typically use the sum of a suite of individual chlorobiphenyl congeners (CBs) to investigate PCBs in wildlife. However, toxic effects and thresholds of CB congeners differ, therefore population health risks of exposure may be under or over-estimated dependent on the congener profiles present. In this study, we found congener profiles varied with age, sex and location, particularly between adult females and juveniles. We found that adult females had the highest proportions of octa-chlorinated congeners whilst juveniles had the highest proportions of tri- and tetra-chlorinated congeners. This is likely to be a consequence of pollutant offloading between mothers and calves during lactation. Analysis of the individual congener toxicities found that juveniles were exposed to a more neurotoxic CB mixture at a time when they were most vulnerable to its effects. These findings are an important contribution towards our understanding of variation in congener profiles and the potential effects and threats of PCB exposure in cetaceans.
Culture and personality revisited: Behavioral profiles and within-person stability in interdependent (vs. independent) social orientation and holistic (vs. analytic) cognitive style
Authors: Na Jinkyung , Grossmann Igor , Varnum Michael E. W. , Karasawa Mayumi , Cho Young Won , Kitayama Shinobu , NISBETT Richard E.
Published: December 2019

We test the proposition that both social orientation and cognitive style are constructs consisting of loosely related attributes. Thus, measures of each construct should weakly correlate among themselves, forming intra-individually stable profiles across measures over time. Study 1 tested diverse samples of Americans (N = 233) and Japanese (N = 433) with a wide range of measures of social orientation and cognitive style to explore correlations among these measures in a cross-cultural context, using demographically heterogeneous samples. Study 2 recruited a new sample of 485 Americans and Canadians and examined their profiles on measures of social orientation and cognitive style twice, one month apart, to assess the stability of individual profiles using these variables. Despite finding typical cross-cultural differences, Study 1 demonstrated negligible correlations both among measures of social orientation and among measures of cognitive style. Study 2 demonstrated stable intra-individual behavioral profiles across measures capturing idiosyncratic patters of social orientation and cognitive style, despite negligible correlations among the same measures. The results provide support for the behavioral profile approach to conceptualizing social orientation and cognitive style, highlighting the need to assess intra-individual stability of psychological constructs in cross-cultural research.
Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) Revisited
Authors: Safron Adam
Published: December 2019

Here, I provide clarifications and discuss further issues relating to Safron (2020), “An Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) of consciousness: Combining Integrated Information and Global Workspace Theories with the Free Energy Principle and Active Inference Framework; towards solving the Hard problem and characterizing agentic causation.” As a synthesis of major theories of complex systems and consciousness, with IWMT we may be able to address some of the most difficult problems in the sciences. This is a claim deserving of close scrutiny and much skepticism. What would it take to solve the Hard problem? One could answer the question of how it is possible that something like subjectivity could emerge from objective brain functioning (i.e., moving from a third person to a first person ontology), but a truly satisfying account might still require solving all the “easy” and “real” problems of consciousness. In this way, IWMT does not claim to definitively solve the Hard problem, as explaining all the particular ways that things feel across all relevant aspects of experience is likely an impossible task. Nonetheless, IWMT does claim to have made major inroads into our understanding of consciousness, and here I will attempt to justify this position by discussing challenging problems and outstanding questions with respect to philosophy, (neuro)phenomenology, computational principles, practical applications, and implications for existing theories of mind and life.
Clinico-histopathological correlation of pigmented skin lesions: A hospital based study at BPKIHS
Authors: Bohra Isha , Paudyal Punam , Pradhan Anju , Khadka Dhan Kesar
Published: December 2019

Background: Pigmented skin lesions refers to melanocytic as well as nonmelanocytic lesions. Pigmentation is not just a cosmetic deformity but can also reflect underlying benign pathology as nevi or malignant lesions as melanoma. With this study we intend to evaluate the spectrum of pigmented skin lesions and to correlate the clinical diagnosis with the histological diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional descriptive study where clinicohistopathological evaluation of 46 cases of pigmented skin lesions were analyzed on paraffin embedded tissue sections for a duration of 1 year at the Department of Pathology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences.
Results: Out of the 46 cases evaluated there were 32 cases of melanocytic lesions comprising of benign melanocytic nevi (n=27), malignant melanoma (n=5) and 14 cases of nonmelanocytic lesions including basal cell carcinoma and seborrhoeic keratosis (5 cases each). Angiokeratoma (n=1), sebaceous hyperplasia (n=1), trichoepitheloma (n=1) and venous haemangioma (n=1). The age range was from 8-83 years with slight female predominance (52.2%) and the most common site involved was head and neck (58.7%). 76.1% of the patients belonged to the Terai region. Clinicohistopathological correlation showed positive correlation in 26 cases (56.5%) and negative correlation in 20 cases (43.5%).
Conclusions: Pigmented skin lesions are common presenting problem, while majority are benign a small minority can be malignant. So, clinically pigmented skin lesions should be submitted for pathological examination in order not to miss a small percentage of malignant tumors and to differentiate melanocytic lesions from its nonmelanocytic mimickers.
Neurendocrine tumor of common hepatic duct: an uncommon site tumor
Authors: Srivastava Pallavi , Shukla Saumya , Husain Nuzhat , Sameer Priyanka
Published: December 2019

The neuroendocrine tumor of extrahepatic biliary tract is a rare neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. We present a case of 16 year old male presenting with epigastric pain and jaundice with a well-defined lesion in common hepatic duct on imaging. The patient underwent tumor resection. Histopathology examination revealed thickened common hepatic duct infiltrated by tumor cells with expression of Pan CK, Synaptophysin & Chromogranin with Ki- 67 proliferation index of 5%. The final diagnosis of Neuroendocrine tumor of Common Hepatic Duct, grade 2 was rendered. The patient showed no recurrence to date without intravenous chemotherapy.
Role of Pap smear in the screening of cervical cancer: A hospital based study
Authors: Nepal Niraj , Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Paudel Sagar , Adhikari Utsav Nath
Published: December 2019

Background: Incidence of cervical cancer has decreased in the developed world due to use of Pap smear as a screening tool. It has been proven as a sensitive screening tool for cervical cancer but its coverage is very low in Nepal. The objective of this study is to find out the incidence of cervical epithelial cell abnormality, its demographic distribution and common presenting symptoms.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. A total of 950 patients attending gynecological department with various symptoms were enrolled. Only 902 patients were included in the study after excluding inadequate samples.
Results: The mean age of patient was 37.94 ± 12.74 years with minimum age of 18 and maximum age of 79 years. The mean age of patients with epithelial abnormality was 47.88 ± 8.87 years. The highest number of Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance was observed between 51-60 years (1.1%) whereas Low and High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were mostly observed between 41-50 years (3.2% and 0.4% respectively). The most common symptom was vaginal discharge (41.6%) followed by pain abdomen (23.1%).
Conclusions: Pap smear is a cost effective, sensitive and simple screening test for cervical premalignant and malignant lesions.
Comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy findings with excisional biopsy in breast malignancy
Authors: Bhatta Uma , Karki Shovana , Sayami Gita , Regmi Dosti
Published: December 2019

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy are reliable procedures for breast cancer detection. Core needle biopsy is an established alternative to surgical biopsy for diagnosis and prognostication. However, there may be a concern that core needle biopsy may be less reliable than excisional biopsy. The aim of this study was to compare the cytological/core needle biopsy finding with excisional histopathological diagnosis and determine their hormonal status.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 65 patients was conducted after obtaining a detailed clinical data. The comparison of the fine needle aspiration cytology/core needle biopsy finding with excisional histopathological diagnosis of breast malignancy was carried out after data analysis. Their ER, PR and HER-2/neu status was also studied in available cases.
Results: Out of the 65 cases of breast malignancy, 69.2% of cases had undergone fine needle aspiration, 60% cases core needle biopsy and 93.8% cases excisional biopsy. The most common carcinoma was invasive carcinoma of no special type. The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy was almost equal, however, core needle biopsy could assess the histological typing and biomarker status. The hormonal status was assessed in 69.23% cases, among them 35.6% cases were triple negative carcinomas.
Conclusions: Core needle biopsy was superior to fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast lesions in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Thus, our result provides valuable prognostic information to guide the decision-making process for the treatment of a patient with invasive carcinoma.
Megakaryocytic alterations in bone marrow aspiration smears in thrombocytopenia
Authors: Bhandari Anuja , Pant Anil Dev , Shrestha Anjan , Thapa Jiwan
Published: December 2019

Background: Thrombocytopenia can be seen in any patients irrespective of age and the causes are diverse. This study was done to determine the frequency of various conditions associated with thrombocytopenia and to assess the number and morphology of megakaryocytes in various cases of thrombocytopenia. Megakaryocytic alterations in myelodysplastic versus non-myelodysplastic conditions were also evaluated in this study.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 132 cases of bone marrow aspirates of thrombocytopenia over a duration of one year from 14th April 2017 to 13th April 2018 in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. All the statistical evaluation was done by using SPSS version 24.
Results: In this study of 132 cases, megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia was the most common cause of thrombocytopenia for which bone marrow aspiration was done. The most common dysplastic change observed in megakaryocytes was micro megakaryocyte which was more commonly seen in MDS. Nondysplastic changes frequently observed were immature forms followed by bare nuclei and were more frequently seen in megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia followed by in myelodysplastic syndromes.
Conclusions: Many similar morphological changes were observed in megakaryocytes among different hematological diseases. So, the presence of dysplastic megakaryocyte should not prompt an interpretation of myelodysplastic syndromes and should always be correlated with patient’s clinical and hematological parameter.
Approach to native medical renal biopsy interpretation of glomerular disease
Authors: Aryal Gopi , Aryal Sameer Chhetri
Published: December 2019

Diverse pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestation of renal diseases may produce the same renal morphologic pattern or variety of renal morphologic pattern can lead to the same clinical syndrome. The primary role of the renal biopsy is to provide a diagnosis and information about disease activity and chronicity. The systematic approach to native medical renal biopsy includes evaluation of the four compartments of the kidney sequentially (glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and blood vessels). The diagnosis in renal pathology is an integrated process in which we must analyze all clinical data, light microscopy, immunohistology, and electron microscopy studies for diagnosis. The aim of the article is to describe the handling of the renal tissue in the anatomical pathology laboratory. It also provides the guideline to renal biopsy evaluation and approach to arrive at the diagnosis of glomerular diseases with similar clinical presentations.
Understanding the gleason grading system and its changes
Authors: Pudasaini Sujata , Subedi Neeraj
Published: December 2019

Gleason Grading System is the most widely used grading system used for prostatic carcinoma. The five basic grade patterns are used to generate a histologic score, which can range from 2 to 10 (including primary and secondary patterns). The original Gleason Grading System was used to grade acinar adenocarcinoma based on architectural features and it has been correlated with excellent clinical outcomes. Since 1960s, after the discovery of the original Gleason Grading System, a modified version of the Gleason Grading System was introduced in the International Society of Urological Pathology 2005 which came up with many changes including elimination of Gleason pattern 1. The ISUP 2005 was further updated in 2014 to provide more accurate stratification of prostatic carcinoma. The new Gleason Grade Group 1 to 5 has been introduced and it has little resemblance to the original Gleason system. This Gleason Grade Group has been accepted by the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the prostate.
For a needle biopsy, high grade component of any quantity should be included in the Gleason score as it indicates a high probability of finding significant high grade tumor in the prostate. By understanding the principles and practice of this grading system, the pathology report has to clearly indicate which system is adopted in the reporting. This review discusses GGS and its recent development focusing on major changes over the years that led to the new Grade Group system proposed by the 2014 ISUP consensus.
Histopathological pattern of skin cancer at tertiary referral skin health centre
Authors: Adhikari Ram Chandra , Shah Mahesh , Jha Anil Kumar
Published: December 2019

Background: The skin is a heterogeneous organ, capable of producing various types of skin tumors. The incidence of skin cancers, including melanoma and non-melanoma has been reported to have risen in many parts of the world. In Asian and African countries, individuals with pigmented races have a much lower incidence of skin cancers despite sunny hot weather. This study is aimed to analyze age, sex and site wise of distribution of skin cancers.
Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 patients with histopathologically proven skin cancers from January 2015 to December 2018 in the department of pathology, DI skin health and referral centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Results: A total of 60 cases of histopathologically proven skin cancer constituted 3.69% of total skin biopsies. Patient age ranged from 15 to 88 years with mean age being 61 years. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 61-70 yrs. The male to female ratio is 1:1.3. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common skin cancer constituting 43.4%, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (28.3%). The most common site of skin cancer is head & neck (73.3%), followed by lower extremities (8.3%). Other skin cancers were Bowen’s disease, melanoma, verrucous carcinoma, keratoacanthoma, trichilemmal carcinoma, extramammary Paget’s disease, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and metastatic tumor.
Conclusions: The most common type of skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and head & neck being the commonest site.
Clinicopathological correlation of uterine cervical lesions with focus on premalignant and malignant lesions
Authors: Makaju Ramesh , Dhakal Binod , Dhakal Rachana
Published: December 2019

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the most frequent cancer among women in Nepal and the first most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. The objectives of the study are to find the incidence of premalignant and malignant cervical conditions and to correlate histopathological diagnosis with that of clinical diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at Kathmandu University Hospital. All cervical biopsy done from January 2009 to December 2018, were included in the study. A proforma was created in which relevant demographic data like age, sex along with clinical findings, gross and histopathological findings were collected.
Results: Mean age of patients with cervical intraepithelial lesion- 1, 2 and 3 was 43.5 years, 48 years and 43.4 years respectively. The most common diagnosis was cervical polyp were (38.65%) followed by 52 cases (15.9%) of unhealthy cervix which bleeds easily on touch and 42 (12.8%) cases of inflammatory condition. Clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of cervix comprised of 42 cases (12.8%). On histopathology, 51(15.6%) cases had invasive carcinoma of which 48 (94.1%) were squamous cell carcinoma, two (3.92%) were adenocarcinoma, and one (1.9%) was of small cell carcinoma. In 33 cases (78.57%), clinical examination was correctly able to identify the invasive cancer. The sensitivity rate of diagnosing cancerous and precancerous lesions by clinical examination and cervical pap smear was 80.95 percent.
Conclusions: Proper clinical history, examination, pap smearing and biopsy report helps through appropriate clinical intervention and prevents development of advanced stage of cervical carcinoma
Analysis of models for e-commerce adoption factors in developing countries
Authors: Hassen Houache , Abd Rahim Noor Hayani , Shah Asadullah
Published: December 2019

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have a considerable role in most developing countries because they are able to develop and improve the economy. Whereas e-commerce is also a vital subject in the field of research, where they offer significant benefits for these countries. However, the adoption of e-commerce in developing countries by SMEs is low due to several factors, including the lack of a suitable model for the adoption of e-commerce. Therefore, some of the most widely used models for the adoption of e-commerce in developing countries were highlighted, which were Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) established by Molla and Licker (2005), Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) Integration of TOE and TAM, Perceived eReadiness Model (PERM) and E-commerce Success Factors. The exploratory research was conducted in this study. Finally, some recommendations were reached that may give the researchers a better understanding of the adoption of e-commerce in developing countries which they have not yet started using e-commerce
The Semantics in GPS Based Mobile Applications for Blind Users Navigation Outdoor
Authors: Akbar Israh , Misman Ahmad Fatzilah
Published: December 2019

This research is a study on improving information facilitated by common GPS based mobile application for navigation especially by the blind users. For a blind person, the main source of information is words and how to improve the effectiveness of the explanation using mobile application for them is tested in this research. The long term goal of technology is to create a movable, self-contained system that allows visually impaired people to navigate through unfamiliar environments without the assistance of guides The experiment for the research took place at MFB (Malaysian Foundation for the Blind) using existing GPS based mobile applications and the results were used to prove the hypothesis that the blind are at a considerable downside because of the absence of information and providing a detailed description of the environment could be used in the GPS navigation applications for the blind pedestrians to help them navigate independently and it would enable them to take up GPS for independent navigation in unknown environment. The information derived from the research could further help in creating and improving the semantics of the GPS based navigation technology for the blind pedestrians in an unknown environment.
Integrated passage retrieval with fuzzy logic for Indonesian question answering system
Authors: Jaya Putra Syopiansyah , Nafâ€™an Muhammad Zidny , Nur Gunawan Muhamad
Published: December 2019

Question Answer System (QAS) has manymethods in determining candidate answer and must have theright answer for each question. Previous QAS using Fuzzylogic focused on candidate and ranking of answer. However,the QAS needs improvement in determining the relevantanswer from the question and generating the correct answer inthe question answer process. In this paper, we propose a newmethod to combine fuzzy logic and retrieval passages to obtaina collection of relevant answers in order to obtain high answeraccuracy. We take relevant answers from the collection of theanswer document and choose the exact answer using fuzzylogic. Methods for the QAS are preprocessing, questionanalyzer, passage retrieval, passage scoring, scoring for similartext, measuring keyword and candidate answers, fuzzy logiccontroller, rules, and extraction answer. This study producedsignificantly relevant answers compared to the TF-IDFmethod. The performance of the system has improved theaccuracy of QAS by 80% which is better than the previousstudy.
Factors Influencing Office Workers’ Intention to Use Smartphone Application for Physical Activity Enhancement at Workplace
Authors: Zainal Noor Zalina , Hussin Husnayati , Mior Nazri Mior Nasir
Published: December 2019

The proliferation of smartphone into daily life could potentially become an effective medium for the delivery of workplace-based physical activity intervention. Based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT), this study investigates factors influencing office workers’ intention to use smartphone application to enhance their physical activity at workplace. A total of 195 valid surveys were collected and subsequently analyzed using PLS-SEM approach. The outcome demonstrated that both Performance Expectancy and Social Influence have significant positive effect on Behavioural Intention (BI). Contrary to our expectation, Effort Expectancy in contrast has no significant influence on office workers’ intention to use. Besides, moderating effect of gender, age and experience also appears to be not significant. This study provides a preliminary evidence on factors that should be consider by researchers, developers and employers in developing smartphone app aiming to enhance physical activity at workplace among office workers.
Acceptance, Quality and Trust Factors â€“ Conceptual Model for Open Government Data Potential Use
Authors: Zainal Noor Zalina , Hussin Husnayati , Mior Nazri Mior Nasir
Published: December 2019

â€“ To implement Big Data extensively in the public sector, many governments around the world are taking their initiative to ensure that Open Government Data (OGD) is a success. Even though the governments had provided thousands of datasets in the open data website, the level of use of open government data is still a question that has not been resolved. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose a new model of measuring the level of use of open government data. By integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), IS Success Model (ISSM) and Trust factors, this new model perhaps can be a major contribution to the governments in ensuring that citizens are getting benefits from the datasets provided in the open data website.
Distinction or Discrimination?A Qualitative Study of Sustainable growth of Women-Owned Technology based SMEs in Malaysia
Authors: Ali Jafri Syed Khurram , Khurram Wafa
Published: December 2019

Technopreneurship development and its significance in economic growth has led worldâ€™s economies to identify the potential role of growth-oriented women-owned technology based SMEs for economic gains. The existing literature on growth among women owned firms, however, exclusively elucidates dearth of empirical research of this phenomenon particularly in transitional economies. This qualitative study is an attempt to reveal the most significant factors that influence the sustainable growth of women owned technology SMEs in Malaysia. The findings from semi-structured interviews from policy makers explain that sustainable growth among these women owned technology based SMEs appears to be entwined in both personal factors related to distinctiveness of these firms as well as external factors associated with socio-cultural discrimination. Several practical and managerial implications have been provided to enlighten policy makers and women technopreneurs on one hand and enhance theoretical knowledge of researchers in the field of technology, innovation and gender.
Persuasive Technology in The Islamic Perspective: The Principles and Strategies
Authors: Bawazir Mohammed Abdullah
Published: December 2019

The employment of persuasive technology in education, computing, sales, health, and environment is dramatically increasing. Persuasive technology is powerful in changing the attitudes and behaviours of end users. This paper begins by presenting the ethics of persuasive technology which are relevant to Islamic values and beliefs, and how the concept of persuasion had been applied in Islam practices to influence people. It explores how persuasive technology and its design factors presented in FBM are related to the Islamic practices proven in the Quran and Hadith. Additionally, this paper discusses persuasive technology strategy tools and their activities from Islamic prospective. The paper also examines in depth how Islamic concepts improve the perception of persuasive technology as an interactive computing system which is able to modify attitudes and behaviours. Essentially, this paper also demonstrates how practices and principles of the design factors and strategy tools of persuasive technology have been identified and utilized in early Islamic age. Those principles and strategies are further analyzed from Quran verses and Hadith that are of particular relevance. The conceptual results claim that Islamic principles are a contemporary and universal religion that takes care of the persuasive technology aspects and view of the critically of persuasive technology to Muslim society
A Delphi Study On Online Qurâ€™Änic Themes
Authors: Salahuddin Ashraf Ali , Othman Roslina
Published: December 2019

Thematic interpretations of al-Qurâ€™Än (TIaQ) has a sensitivity due to the interrelation of Qurâ€™Änic verses/ verse with each other. The purpose of this research was to extract the online Qurâ€™Änic search engines (OQSE) and investigate the existing thematic interpretations of al-Qurâ€™Än (TIaQ) based on the alignment with their relevant verses. The OQSEs provide the list of themes and the aligned verses theme and the aligned rhyme in their websites. The ambiguous thematic search engines have the possibility to mislead the user by retrieving nonaligned verses against a certain subject/theme (query) or the user may not fully understand the interpretations due to the incomplete results. The extracting of themes/topic and the aligned verses have been conducted using Cranfieldâ€™s Index Device method. Then a two-round Delphi method has been applied to justify the existing themes and the aligned verses by 20 experts of Qurâ€™Änic discipline. There are 240 themes and 400 verses have been extracted and categorized into 40 thematic groups (TG). The expertsâ€™ justification through Delphi method has revealed that the accuracy of ordinated thematic groups in OQSE is 40% (16/40) only and the accuracy of the ordination of the themes and the verses achieved 35.41% (85/240). Despite the significant outcome of this research, the limitation recommends that further research should be conducted extracting more themes and aligned verses from OQSEs. Instead of 20 experts in Delphi, future research can concentrate on a big number of experts to investigate all the thematic verses of entire Qurâ€™Än.

Keywordsâ€”Delphi; Thematic interpretation; Tafseer; Qurâ€™Änic search, Qurâ€™anic theme
Gazali, H.M Bitcoin Investment Behaviour: A Pilot Study
Authors: Muchlis Gazali Haneffa
Published: December 2019

The evolution of blockchain technology that promotes decentralised peer to peer electronic cash system named as Bitcoin is becoming trending across the globe. Although the Bitcoin price is extremely volatile, the popularity of bitcoin is seemingly unambiguous. The Bitcoin trending has garnered serious attention from the public, media and academia.  Hitherto, no research has yet systematically investigated the factors influencing the intention to invest in Bitcoin. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the intention to invest in Bitcoin. An online survey was distributed via the email to the target respondents, those who have basic knowledge of Bitcoin investment. After three weeks of the data collection period for the pilot study, 45 samples were gathered to be tested further. Using the SPSS programme, the data were analysed through the reliability test and factor analysis. The results of the study indicate that the items are valid and reliable. The exploratory factor analysis also discloses that the sampling is satisfactory. Being limited preliminary analysis, this study lacks the empirical evidence to confirm the relationships between the studied variables. Therefore, in future an adequate and bigger sample is needed to establish the empirical support on the associations of the studied variables
INTERPRETING THE 2013 MILITARY COUP IN EGYPT FROM THE NEW GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: DELİBAŞ Arife
Published: December 2019

Geopolitics has been a tool for many leaders
throughout the history to understand the world and determine its policies and has
always been interpreted from the western point of view. ‘The Barakah Circle theory of Islamicjerusalem’,
is quite new and has shown the heart of the world is not western-centered. Moreover,
while domestic politics is often a guide to explain the military coups,
understanding the external causes of Egyptian case is significant seeing the
big picture. The theory shows Egypt is the central and main power for the Arab
region. If politics is a game, one of the most effective stones of this game is
Egypt. All the coup and destructive initiatives in Egypt have supported by the
West are the product of great efforts to transform freedom into captivity. This research will focus on a
theory that shifts our view on geopolitics from the western perspective to
other side and the competence of this theory in explaining the 2013 military
coup.
INTERPRETATION OF THE RISE OF THE CROWN PRINCE MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN AND SAUDI FOREIGN POLICY ACCORDING TO THE BARAKAH CIRCLE THEORY
Authors: KOÇ Mehmet Akif
Published: December 2019

Saudi Arabia has begun to
pursue an active and ambitious foreign policy in recent years, especially under
the rule of the Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman. The main parameters of this
new era may be stated as: an increasing dependence on the US; the further demonisation
of Iran and its regional allies; greater efforts to normalise political
relations with Israel; the establishment of closer cooperation with the UAE and
Egypt; and the promoting of Madkhali Salafism in the Middle East. Riyadh’s
emergence as a new power centre significantly relies on regional and
international power politics. In this respect, the geopolitical dimension of
Middle Eastern politics plays a crucial role in examining the Saudi position.
This article aims to explain Riyadh’s recent foreign policy moves within the
context of the Barakah Circle Theory as a non-Western geopolitical framework.
Hidroelektrik Santrallerde Türbin Seçimi ve Francis Türbin Tasarım Parametreleri
Authors: ADATEPE Hakan , ÖZ Volkan
Published: December 2019

Teknolojinin
gelişmesiyle enerjiye olan ihtiyaçta aynı paralelde artmıştır ve artmaya devam
etmektedir. Her ne kadar yıllar geçtikçe oranı azalsa da hala % 50 oranında
dışa bağımlılığımız sürmektedir. Dışa bağımlılığın azalmasında yenilenebilir
enerji kaynaklarının üretimdeki payının artması gerekmektedir. Yenilenebilir
enerji kaynaklarından da Hidrolik enerji, yaklaşık olarak %68 ile yenilenebilir
enerji kaynakları arasında elektrik üretimi sağlama bakımından ilk sıradadır.
Hidrolik enerji, hem düşük enerji üretim maliyeti hem de hidrolik potansiyelin
fazla olması sebebiyle ülkemizde ilk tercih edilen enerji üretim yöntemidir. Ülkemizdeki
hidroelektrik santrallerinin tamamına yakını yabancı üretim olmakla beraber son
yıllarda yerli üretim sanayinde çalışmalar yapılmaya başlanmış ancak henüz
yeterli seviyeye ulaşamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Hidrolik santrallerde yaygın
olarak kullanılan türbin tipi olan Francis türbin çarkı tasarımında Siervo ve
leva metodunun ampirik ifadeleri vurgulanmıştır.