bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting to climate change-induced flooding: insights from women traders in the riverine areas of Nigeria—a qualitative study
Authors: Michael Turnwait Otu
Published: April 2024

Introduction

In the riverine areas of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, the intersection of climate change and flooding poses an escalating threat to the livelihoods and well-being of women traders. This qualitative study investigates the experiences and adaptive strategies employed by women traders in response to climate change-induced flooding.

Methods

Employing an exploratory research design with purposive sampling, 46 women traders participated in the study, involving 23 in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was applied to scrutinize the collected data.

Results

The study unravels the impacts of climate change-induced flooding on economic, social, and gender dynamics, revealing economic disparities, gender inequality, livelihood disruptions, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to information among women traders. Vulnerabilities emanated from disruptions in supply chains, damage to goods, and constrained market access, with agricultural traders being notably affected. Flood events exacerbated gender inequalities, amplifying caregiving responsibilities and limiting decision-making power for women traders. Resilience surfaced through diversified income sources, community solidarity, collective narratives, and local adaptive strategies, including indigenous knowledge and innovations.

Discussion

Policymakers and stakeholders should prioritize resilient infrastructure investments, such as flood-resistant marketplaces and storage facilities, to safeguard women traders’ businesses during flooding events and enhance the overall economic resilience of the community.
Interrogating global narratives of trans queerness. Well-being and agency? Or more stories of trans trauma?
Authors: Vicars Mark , Milenkovic James
Published: April 2024

In the international contemporary discourse transgender individuals arguably have an increased presence within public media highlighting the visible diversity that constitutes the LGBTQI2S+ community. However, in response to the challenging of cisgendered normative assumptions there has been an unprecedented swathe of anti-trans measures executed through the frenzied repealing of rights and freedoms within the key arenas of legal, medical, sporting, and educative domains. This paper explores the intersections of pathologizing rhetoric that emplotted anti-trans and transphobic discourses within and across public consciousness. The quotidian presence of these discourses provoked in us a wondering about how evolving conceptual debate is constructing a trans inclusive global imaginary. In this paper we situate trans safety not as a singular concept, but rather a differentially experienced phenomenon that is related to and embedded in questions of bio power and privilege. As such, when we refer to a trans safety imaginary, we are not solely addressing protection from physical violence but also safeguarding against psychological and emotional vulnerability.
Consensus on a social return on investment model of physical activity and sport: a Delphi study protocol
Authors: Nieto I. , Mayo X. , Davies L. , Reece L. , Strafford B. W. , Jimenez A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Physical activity and sport (PAS) have been related to many health outcomes and social benefits. The main aim of this research is to build a Social Return on Investment (SROI) model of PAS based on experts’ opinion to clarify the domains of impact and how to measure and value them.

Methods and analysis

A Delphi method will be employed with a systematic review on the SROI framework applied to PAS and initial interviews with experts informing the design of the Delphi survey statements. Three iterative rounds of communication with the expert panel will be carried out. Participants will indicate their level of agreement with each statement on a five-point Likert scale. During the second and third iterative rounds, experts will reappraise the statements and will be provided with a summary of the group responses from the panel. A statement will have reached consensus if ≥70% of the panel agree/strongly agree or disagree/strongly disagree after round 3. Finally, group meetings (3–4 experts) will be conducted to ask about the measurement and valuation methods for each domain.

Discussion

The final goal of this project will result in the design of a toolkit for organizations, professionals, and policymakers on how to measure the social benefits of PAS.
ENCORE! Getting to the core of the ischemic core at the core lab
Authors: Liebeskind David S. , Brown Scott , Yoo Albert J.
Published: April 2024

The recent results of large core trials in acute ischemic stroke prompt the most influential paradigm shift in over a decade since endovascular therapy (EVT) was proven as the mainstay of acute stroke treatment. Six randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of EVT in patients with more extensive ischemia on imaging than prior approved treatment indications revealed a consistent benefit of EVT, despite different imaging criteria and ischemic core definitions across the individual trials. These findings unfolded sequentially, akin to the acts of a drama, with the story evolving until perhaps the most conclusive results on extensive ischemia treatment about to be published. At this juncture, it is important to summarize the collective findings of these 6 RCTs, consider the potential expansion in the use of EVT, outline the penultimate or next steps during the encore of this drama and ponder the broad implications of these recent findings on the entire stroke field for many years to come. This logical rationale and perspective form the basis of Establishing Neuroimaging Criteria of Revascularization Efficacy (ENCORE), the proposed pooled, subject-level, meta-analysis of the recent large core trials, leveraging imaging re-adjudication by a collaborative, imaging core lab with documented expertise. Expansion of the treatment indications for EVT will likely ensue, yet numerous questions persist regarding other confounding variables that we normally use in routine clinical practice. Precision medicine for large core ischemic stroke mandates a more detailed investigation of the numerous clinical, imaging and angiographic variables that each trial dataset collected. In a simple pooled meta-analysis, these varying definitions, methodology and analytic approaches preclude anything beyond current summary results showing that EVT is favored, in general, over medical treatment. The epilog of the large core trials can be written by ENCORE, using the imaging and statistical methods and relevant expertise of the prior Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke Trials (HERMES) collaboration.
Institutional arrangements in the promotion of sustainable livestock: an approach from the case of beef and dairy cattle production chains in Jalisco, Chiapas, and Campeche
Authors: Avalos Ileana , Sepulveda Claudia , Betanzos Juan Edduardo , Jimenes-Trujillo Jose Antonio , Perez-Sanches Edwin , Escobedo Adriana
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on a policy and practice review of existing institutional arrangements within the beef and dairy cattle production sectors in the Mexican states of Jalisco, Chiapas, and Campeche. Acknowledging the critical role of robust governance frameworks in transitioning towards sustainable livestock agriculture, a collaborative governance approach is employed to holistically address environmental and production challenges. This approach underscores the importance of active participation, stakeholder collaboration, and contextual adaptation in decision-making processes. Classified as explanatory research, the study is grounded in a qualitative approach, covering a synchronous period from 2017 to 2022. Secondary sources such as public policies, international climate commitment reports, sector-specific reports, and databases were utilized to provide context and data regarding the analyzed institutional arrangements. Additionally, semi-structured information-gathering protocols were developed and, in conjunction with participant observation, administered to approximately 30 key stakeholders from public, private, academic, research centers, international cooperation, and civil society sectors involved in institutional arrangements in the aforementioned states. The findings highlight the significance of collaborative governance as a valuable alternative for addressing governance challenges in the livestock sector, particularly when hierarchical or market-oriented approaches are less effective. The diversity of identified institutional arrangements, ranging from hierarchical to polyarchic, emphasizes the need to acknowledge the specificities of the context in which they operate and adapt strategies accordingly. This analysis contributes to the growing discussion on sustainable livestock farming and the fundamental role of institutional arrangements in promoting responsible practices and mitigating environmental impacts. As demands for natural resources and environmental awareness increase, understanding and strengthening these arrangements become essential to balance livestock production and environmental conservation.
Diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion for acute obstructive hydrocephalus from large glomus jugulare tumor: case report
Authors: Shiferaw Mestet Yibeltal , Teklemariam Tsegazeab Laeke , Wondimagegnewu Eyob Zenebe , Gebrewahd Dejen Tekiea , Yesuf Ermias Fikru , Mekuria Bereket Hailu , Abelti Sebboona Baisa
Published: April 2024

Background

Glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) are rare intra-cranial tumors. Commonly, these lesions present with cranial nerve palsies, headaches, and hydrocephalus. Rarely, GJTs present with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, there has never been a report of diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion in a patient who developed hydrocephalus secondary to any brain tumor in general or glomus jugulare tumors in particular.

Observation

The authors presented an extremely rare complication of diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage following the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in a 61-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have both clinical and radiologic features of acute obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a highly vascular huge glomus jugulare tumor.

Conclusion

Subarachnoid hemorrhage following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for hydrocephalus caused by a mass lesion is an extremely rare complication. Preoperative CT angiography should be strongly considered to look for the associated vascular malformations in extremely vascularized mass lesions. Given the not ubiquitous availability of all therapeutic options for GJTs, especially in low and middle income settings contributes for the poor outcome of GJTs and it fosters a global neurosurgery agenda.
Intensive feeding alters the rumen microbiota and its fermentation parameters in natural grazing yaks
Authors: He Shichun , Yuan Zaimei , Dai Sifan , Wang Zibei , Zhao Shusheng , Wang Rongjiao , Li Qing , Mao Huaming , Wu Dongwang
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Amidst the challenging environmental conditions characterized by low oxygen levels and cold temperatures on the plateau, alterations in nutrient supply emerge as pivotal factors influencing the survival and reproduction of yaks. Intensive feeding stands out as a substantial mechanism for nutrient provision, initiating discernible changes in the host’s rumen flora. Within the extreme natural conditions prevailing in the plateau area of northwest Yunnan, China, there exists a con-strained comprehension of the variations in rumen microflora, fermentation parameters, and growth responses exhibited by yaks subjected to intensive feeding.

Methods

This study employs 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing methods to scrutinize the rumen flora of yaks engaged in both natural grazing (G) and intensive feeding (F) on the plateau.

Results

The outcomes unveil that, during the severe winter season, yaks adeptly modulate the abundance and diversity of rumen flora in response to dietary modifications under intensive feeding, aiming to optimize the efficient utilization of dietary fiber and energy. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) illustrates a substantial alteration in the rumen microbial community of naturally grazing yaks when exposed to intensive feeding. The natural grazing group manifests a higher prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while the intensive feeding group exhibits heightened levels of Prevotella in the rumen. The Rikenellaceae _ RC9 _ gut_ group, associated with mycobacteria, prevails more abundantly in the natural grazing setting. PICRUSt2 analysis indicates that intensive feeding induces bacterial gene overexpression linked to protein metabolism. Rumen fungi showcase heightened diversity under intensification. Intensive feeding results in an augmented abundance of non-fiber-degrading bacteria and semi-fiber-degrading bacteria, accompanied by elevated concentrations of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA).

Discussion

These findings yield novel insights into the shifts in the rumen microflora of yaks acclimated to intensive feeding in high-altitude environments, provide an important reference for the nutritional regulation of supplemental feeding of natural grazing yaks in the cold season, ultimately contributing to their enhanced growth.
Relationship between Ear Temperature, Behaviour and Stress Hormones in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) during Different Interactive Activities in Zoos
Authors: Namiki Misako , Fukayama Toshiharu , Suzuki Takane , Masaiwa Ayumi
Published: April 2024

Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are used for interactive activities in zoos; therefore, it is important to investigate their welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of measuring the guinea pigs’ body temperature of guinea pigs through the ear canal and investigate the relationship among changes in the expression of negative behavior, changes in body temperature, and changes in salivary cortisol concentration, and examine the effects of different interactive activities. In the normal interactive activities performed at the site, the decreased body temperature of pigs was observed over time. In contrast, increased body temperature was observed in excessive interactive activities, which are not recommended. Among the negative behaviors, “Head turning” and “Locomotion” increased significantly in excessive interactions compared to normal interactions, but “Head tossing” decreased significantly over time in both types of interactions. “Freezing” was observed only in excessive interactions. Salivary cortisol concentration increased significantly for all activities. Investigating the relationship between the individual expression of negative behavior and changes in body temperature and changes cortisol level made it possible to uncover the potential for inferring an animal’s physiological state. Combining ear temperature monitoring and behavioral observation during zoo interaction activities is recommended as an ethical and scientifically supported practice.
The Effect of Servant Leadership on Work Engagement: The Role of Employee Resilience and Organizational Support
Authors: Cai Mingyue , Wang Minghui , Cheng Jiajia
Published: April 2024

Employees suffer from low resources in the workplace because of multiple work roles in project-based organization (PBO). Based on the conservation of resources theory (COR), this study identifies both employee resilience and organizational support as critical personal and job resources. It then examines how servant leadership enhances employee work engagement in PBO through the mediating roles of employee resilience and organizational support. This study uses a questionnaire-based quantitative research design to collect data from 437 employees in PBO. The collected data were analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses. The research findings indicate that servant leadership positively affects work engagement. Additionally, the relationship between servant leadership and work engagement is mediated by employee resilience and organizational support. This study deepens the understanding of how servant leadership promotes work engagement in PBO by providing personal and job resources. The findings deepen our understanding of how servant leadership enhances work engagement in PBO. The findings also provide implications for PBO to enhance sustainable well-being at work and organizational productivity.
Safety of the Breast Cancer Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Ataxia–Telangiectasia Mutated Variant Carriers
Authors: Bensenane Rayan , Beddok Arnaud , Lesueur Fabienne , Fourquet Alain , Warcoin Mathilde , Le Mentec Marine , Cavaciuti Eve , Le Gal Dorothée , Eon-Marchais Séverine , Andrieu Nadine , Stoppa-Lyonnet Dominique , Kirova Youlia
Published: April 2024

The Ataxia–Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene is implicated in DNA double-strand break repair. Controversies in clinical radiosensitivity remain known for monoallelic carriers of the ATM pathogenic variant (PV). An evaluation of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801516 (G-A) showed different results regarding late subcutaneous fibrosis after breast radiation therapy (RT). The main objective of this study was to evaluate acute and late toxicities in carriers of a rare ATM PV or predicted PV and in carriers of minor allele A of rs1801516 facing breast RT. Fifty women with localized breast cancer treated with adjuvant RT between 2000 and 2014 at Institut Curie were selected. Acute and late toxicities in carriers of a rare PV or predicted PV (n= 9), in noncarriers (n = 41) and in carriers of SNP rs1801516 (G-A) (n = 8), were examined. The median age at diagnosis was 53 years old and 82% of patients had an invasive ductal carcinoma and 84% were at clinical stage I–IIB. With a median follow-up of 13 years, no significant difference between carriers and noncarriers was found for acute toxicities (p > 0.05). The same results were observed for late toxicities without an effect from the rs1801516 genotype on toxicities. No significant difference in acute or late toxicities was observed between rare ATM variant carriers and noncarriers after breast RT for localized breast cancer.
Nanoquercetin and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Raghav Alok , Jeong Goo Bo
Published: April 2024

Despite world-class sophisticated technologies, robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning approaches, cancer-associated mortalities and morbidities have shown continuous increments posing a healthcare burden. Drug-based interventions were associated with systemic toxicities and several limitations. Natural bioactive compounds derived nanoformulations, especially nanoquercetin (nQ), are alternative options to overcome drug-associated limitations. Moreover, the EVs-based cargo targeted delivery of nQ can have enormous potential in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). EVs-based nQ delivery synergistically regulates and dysregulates several pathways, including NF-κB, p53, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/AKT, along with PBX3/ERK1/2/CDK2, and miRNAs intonation. Furthermore, discoveries on possible checkpoints of anticancer signaling pathways were studied, which might lead to the development of modified EVs infused with nQ for the development of innovative treatments for HCC. In this work, we abridged the control of such signaling systems using a synergetic strategy with EVs and nQ. The governing roles of extracellular vesicles controlling the expression of miRNAs were investigated, particularly in relation to HCC.
ZO-1 Regulates Hippo-Independent YAP Activity and Cell Proliferation via a GEF-H1- and TBK1-Regulated Signalling Network
Authors: Haas Alexis J. , Karakus Mert , Zihni Ceniz , Balda Maria S. , Matter Karl
Published: April 2024

Tight junctions are a barrier-forming cell–cell adhesion complex and have been proposed to regulate cell proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we used cells deficient in the junction scaffold ZO-1 alone or together with its paralog ZO-2, which disrupts the junctional barrier. We found that ZO-1 knockout increased cell proliferation, induced loss of cell density-dependent proliferation control, and promoted apoptosis and necrosis. These phenotypes were enhanced by double ZO-1/ZO-2 knockout. Increased proliferation was dependent on two transcriptional regulators: YAP and ZONAB. ZO-1 knockout stimulated YAP nuclear translocation and activity without changes in Hippo-dependent phosphorylation. Knockout promoted TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) activation and increased expression of the RhoA activator GEF-H1. Knockdown of ZO-3, another paralog interacting with ZO1, was sufficient to induce GEF-H1 expression and YAP activity. GEF-H1, TBK1, and mechanotransduction at focal adhesions were found to cooperate to activate YAP/TEAD in ZO-1-deficient cells. Thus, ZO-1 controled cell proliferation and Hippo-independent YAP activity by activating a GEF-H1- and TBK1-regulated mechanosensitive signalling network.
Current Status and Resources of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Fabaceae) in the Atyrau Region, Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Sagyndykova Meruert , Imanbayeva Akzhunis , Gassanova Gulnara , Ishmuratova Margarita
Published: April 2024

Alhagi pseudalhagi, which grows in the arid zone of the Atyrau region, and an assessment of the current state of its raw material reserves were studied. Botanical characteristics, ontogenetic spectra, morphological indicators, productivity, areas of thickets, and reserves of raw materials of above-ground organs were assessed. The structural parameters of these populations in the Zhangyr and Coneu Rivers valleys, in the vicinity of Imankara Mountain, and on the Taisoigan sands were studied. It was established that the species composition of the populations includes 63 species from 54 genera and 30 families. The most common species include 49 species, which, according to their occurrence in populations of A. pseudalhagi, are distributed in the following classes: 17 species—class II (0–20%); 7 species—class III (41–60%); and 2 species—classes IV (61–80%) and V (81–100%). The maximum similarity in species composition was noted between populations in the Zhangyr and Coneu Rivers valleys. The highest morphometric indicators were observed among the population of the Coneu river valley, and the lowest are located on the Taisoigan sands. Analysis of the age spectra made it possible to determine that the populations in the Zhangyr and Coneu River valleys are characterized as young and those in the area of Imankara Mountain and on the Taisoigan sands as stable and middle-aged.
Wasabi Gone Wild? Origin and Characterization of the Complete Plastomes of Ulleung Island Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum; Brassicaceae) and Other Cultivars in Korea
Authors: Yang JiYoung , Park Cheon Gyoo , Cho Myong-Suk , Kim Seung-Chul
Published: April 2024

Korean wasabi occurs naturally on the young oceanic, volcanic Ulleung Island off the east coast of the Korean Peninsula. Although the Ulleung Island wasabi is reported as Eutrema japonicum and has been suggested to be morphologically identical to cultivars in Korea, very little is known about its taxonomic identity and relationship with other cultivars. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast DNA sequences of three naturally occurring Ulleung Island wasabi plants and six cultivars (‘Daewang’, ‘Daruma’, ‘Micado’, ‘Orochi’, ‘Green Thumb’, and ‘Shogun’) from continental Korea and determined the taxonomic identity of Korean wasabi on Ulleung Island. The size and organization of the complete chloroplast genomes of the nine accessions were nearly identical to those of previously reported wasabi cultivars. In addition, phylogenetic analysis based on the complete plastomes suggested that Ulleung Island wasabi most likely comprises various wasabi cultivars with three chlorotypes (‘Shogun’, ‘Green Thumb’, and a unique Chusan type). Based on the complete plastomes, we identified eight chlorotypes for the major wasabi cultivars and the Ulleung Island wasabi. Two major groups (1—‘Mazuma’ and ‘Daruma’, and 2—‘Fujidaruma’/‘Shimane No. 3’/Ulleung Island wasabi/five cultivars in Korea) were also identified based on mother line genealogical history. Furthermore, different types of variations (mutations, insertions/deletions (indels), mononucleotide repeats, and inversions) in plastomes were identified to distinguish different cultivar lines and five highly divergent hotspots. The nine newly obtained complete plastomes are valuable organelle genomic resources for species identification and infraspecific phylogeographic studies on wild and cultivated wasabi.
Explainable Machine Learning Method for Aesthetic Prediction of Doors and Home Designs
Authors: Dessureault Jean-Sébastien , Clément Félix , Ba Seydou , Meunier François , Massicotte Daniel
Published: April 2024

The field of interior home design has witnessed a growing utilization of machine learning. However, the subjective nature of aesthetics poses a significant challenge due to its variability among individuals and cultures. This paper proposes an applied machine learning method to enhance manufactured custom doors in a proper and aesthetic home design environment. Since there are millions of possible custom door models based on door types, wood species, dyeing, paint, and glass types, it is impossible to foresee a home design model fitting every custom door. To generate the classification data, a home design expert has to label thousands of door/home design combinations with the different colors and shades utilized in home designs. These data train a random forest classifier in a supervised learning context. The classifier predicts a home design according to a particular custom door. This method is applied in the following context: A web page displays a choice of doors to a customer. The customer selects the desired door properties, which are sent to a server that returns an aesthetic home design model for this door. This door configuration generates a series of images through the Unity 3D engine module, which are returned to the web client. The customer finally visualizes their door in an aesthetic home design context. The results show the random forest classifier’s good performance, with an accuracy level of 86.8%, in predicting suitable home design, marking the way for future developments requiring subjective evaluations. The results are also explained using a feature importance graphic, a decision tree, a confusion matrix, and text.
Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator Chip Setup for the Elimination of Interfering Conductivity Responses
Authors: Rapp Bastian E. , Voigt Achim , Dirschka Marian , Rapp Michael , Länge Kerstin
Published: April 2024

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator chip setup is presented that eliminates interfering signal responses caused by changes in the electrical environment of the surrounding media. When using a two-port resonator, applying electrically shielding layers between the interdigital transducers (IDTs) can be challenging due to the limited dimensions. Therefore, a layered setup consisting of an insulating polymer layer and a conductive gold layer was preferred. The SAW resonators were provided with polycarbonate housings, resulting in SAW resonator chips. This setup enables easy application of a wide range of coatings to the active part of the resonator surface, while ensuring subsequent electrical and fluidic integration of the resonator chips into a microfluidic array for measurements. The signal responses of uncoated SAW resonators and those with polymer coatings with and without a gold layer were tested with aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) solutions up to 3 mol/L, corresponding to conductivities up to 308 mS/cm. The use of a polymer coating at the thickness of the first Love mode resonance and a conductive gold layer completely reduced the electrical impact on the SAW resonator signal response, making small signals resulting from changes in viscosity and density of the KCl solutions visible.
A Reliability Investigation of VDMOS Transistors: Performance and Degradation Caused by Bias Temperature Stress
Authors: Živanović Emilija , Veljković Sandra , Mitrović Nikola , Jovanović Igor , Djorić-Veljković Snežana , Paskaleva Albena , Spassov Dencho , Danković Danijel
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to comprehensively understand the performance and degradation of both p- and n-channel vertical double diffused MOS (VDMOS) transistors under bias temperature stress. Conducted experimental investigations involved various stress conditions and annealing processes to analyze the impacts of BT stress on the formation of oxide trapped charge and interface traps, leading to threshold voltage shifts. Findings revealed meaningful threshold voltage shifts in both PMOS and NMOS devices due to stresses, and the subsequent annealing process was analyzed in detail. The study also examined the influence of stress history on self-heating behavior under real operating conditions. Additionally, the study elucidated the complex correlation between stress-induced degradation and device reliability. The insights contribute to optimizing the performance and permanence of VDMOS transistors in practical applications, advancing semiconductor technology. This study underscored the importance of considering stress-induced effects on device reliability and performance in the design and application of VDMOS transistors.
The Influence of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Ores on the Efficiency of Underground Well Leaching of Uranium Deposits in Kazakhstan
Authors: Togizov Kuanysh , Kenzhetaev Zhiger , Temirkhanova Raushan , Muzapparova Akerke , Omirgali Armanbek , Altaibayev Bagdat
Published: April 2024

The features of uranium mining on Kazakhstan’s enterprises have been examined, and uranium deposits located in the Syrdarya and Shu-Sarysu depressions have been described. Actual and projected data on the development of technological blocks in areas with complex geological structures have been analyzed and compared. Core samples were collected and, using X-ray diffraction analysis, quantitative and qualitative characteristics as well as mineral compositions of ores from various productive horizons of uranium deposits in the Syrdarya and Shu-Sarysu depressions were comparatively analyzed. It was determined that the ores in the Syrdarya depression are relatively homogeneous compared to those in the Shu-Sarysu depression, although in some places, clay minerals and gypsum are present, which hinder the uranium leaching processes. In the ores of the Shu-Sarysu depression, clay minerals that impede the uranium leaching processes are present in certain areas. Microscopic analysis of core material samples using a LEICA DM 2500 P microscope revealed particle sizes and shapes, as well as their distribution within the structure of host rocks in the productive horizon. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, mineral compositions of sediment-forming components during uranium well mining in the considered productive horizons were determined and comparatively analyzed. It was established that in the geotechnological wells of the Syrdarya depression, sediments of predominantly chemical origin, such as gypsum, are formed. However, in the geotechnological wells of the Shu-Sarysu depression, sediments of mechanical origin, consisting predominantly of quartz particles and clay minerals, are formed. Based on the obtained data, a method for intensifying underground uranium leaching in complex geological conditions has been developed, which involves dissolving sediment formations and increasing the oxidative–reductive potential of the leaching solution. The proposed and experimentally substantiated universal methodology for enhancing uranium well production involves the dissolution and prevention of precipitation using hydrofluoric acid solutions, as well as the oxidation of uranium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide.
Green Synthesis of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based on a Novel Thiophene-Derivative for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Gagliani Francesco , Di Giulio Tiziano , Grecchi Sara , Benincori Tiziana , Arnaboldi Serena , Malitesta Cosimino , Mazzotta Elisabetta
Published: April 2024

An environmentally friendly and sustainable approach was adopted to produce a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) via electropolymerization, with remarkable electrochemical sensing properties, tested in tyrosine (tyr) detection. The 2,2′-bis(2,2′-bithiophene-5-yl)-3,3′-bithianaphtene (BT2-T4) was chosen as functional monomer and MIP electrosynthesis was carried out via cyclic voltammetry on low-volume (20 μL) screen-printed carbon electrodes (C-SPE) in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((BMIM) TFSI). An easy and rapid washing treatment allowed us to obtain the resulting MIP film, directly used for tyr electrochemical detection, carried out amperometrically. The sensor showed a linear response in the concentration range of 15–200 μM, with LOD of 1.04 µM, LOQ of 3.17 μM and good performance in selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Tyrosine amperometric detection was also carried out in human plasma, resulting in a satisfactory recovery estimation. The work represents the first use of BT2-T4 as a functional monomer for the production of a molecularly imprinted polymer, with a green approach afforded by using a few microliters of a room temperature ionic liquid as an alternative to common organic solvents on screen-printed carbon electrodes, resulting in a valuable system that meets the green chemistry guidelines, which is today an essential criterion in both research and application field.
Thiophene-Based Covalent Triazine Frameworks as Visible-Light-Driven Heterogeneous Photocatalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Amines
Authors: Melero Manuel , Díaz Urbano , Llabrés i Xamena Francesc X.
Published: April 2024

This study reports on a metal-free Covalent Triazine Framework (CTF) incorporating bithiophene structural units (TP-CTF) with a semicrystalline structure as an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The physico-chemical properties and composition of this material was confirmed via different characterization solid-state techniques, such as XRD, TGA, CO2 adsorption and FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The compound was synthesized through a solvothermal process and was explored as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the oxidative coupling of amines to imines under visible light irradiation. TP-CTF demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic activity, with high conversion rates and selectivity. Importantly, the material exhibited exceptional stability and recyclability, making it a strong candidate for sustainable and efficient imine synthesis. The low bandgap of TP-CTF enabled the efficient absorption of visible light, which is a notable advantage for visible-light-driven photocatalysis.
Resource Recovery of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials by a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide System
Authors: Fu Yuanpeng , Dong Xianshu , Ebin Burçak
Published: April 2024

The increasing global market size of high-energy storage devices due to the boom in electric vehicles and portable electronics has caused the battery industry to produce a lot of waste lithium-ion batteries. The liberation and de-agglomeration of cathode material are the necessary procedures to improve the recycling derived from spent lithium-ion batteries, as well as enabling the direct recycling pathway. In this study, the supercritical (SC) CO2 was innovatively adapted to enable the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on facilitating the interaction with a binder and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) co-solvent. The results show that the optimum experimental conditions to liberate the cathode particles are processing at a temperature of 70 °C and 80 bar pressure for a duration of 20 min. During the treatment, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was dissolved in the SC fluid system and collected in the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), as detected by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). The liberation yield of the cathode from the current collector reaches 96.7% under optimal conditions and thus, the cathode particles are dispersed into smaller fragments. Afterwards, PVDF can be precipitated and reused. In addition, there is no hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas emission due to binder decomposition in the suggested process. The proposed SC-CO2 and co-solvent system effectively separate the PVDF from Li-ion battery electrodes. Thus, this approach is promising as an alternative pre-treatment method due to its efficiency, relatively low energy consumption, and environmental benign features.
The Positive Association between Melatonin-Containing Food Consumption and Older Adult Life Satisfaction, Psychoemotional State, and Cognitive Function
Authors: Borisenkov Mikhail F. , Dorogina Olga I. , Popov Sergey V. , Smirnov Vasily V. , Pecherkina Anna A. , Symaniuk Elvira E.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that melatonin-containing food (FMT) consumption is associated with a better sleep schedule and cognitive and psychoemotional state in older adults. A cross-sectional study of 557 (79% females) older adults living in the community with a mean age of 68.9 ± 7.7, ranging from 50 to 90 years, was conducted. The study, conducted in May and September 2023 using a face-to-face interview, collected personal data and assessed FMT intake during the day (FMTday) and for dinner (FMTdinner), life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, depression severity, cognitive functions, and sleep characteristics. Multiple regression and logistic regression analysis, adjusted for co-factors, were used to assess the association between the studied indicators. Multiple regression analysis showed that older adults with higher FMT consumption are more satisfied with life (FMTdinner: β = 0.107; ∆R2 = 0.011; p = 0.020), have a lower level of depression (FMTday: β = −0.124; ∆R2 = 0.015; p = 0.003), and higher scores in positive affect (FMTday: β = 0.169; ∆R2 = 0.016; p = 0.007; FMTdinner: β = 0.136; ∆R2 = 0.019; p = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that older adults with higher FMT consumption are less likely to have depression (FMTday: OR, 0.614; 95% CI, 0.436–0.864; p = 0.005; FMTdinner: OR, 0.671; 95% CI, 0.476–0.945; p = 0.023), and they perform better on logical thinking tests (FMTday: OR, 2.066; 95% CI, 1.131–2.204; p = 0.013; FMTdinner: OR, 1.887; 95% CI, 1.183–2.138; p = 0.033). A greater life satisfaction as well as a decrease in the cognitive impairment and psychoemotional state of older adults is associated with a higher consumption of melatonin-containing foods.
Anthropometric and Body Composition Changes over Five Years after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Obesity, Diagnosed or Not Diagnosed with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in the Preoperative Period
Authors: Delfino Heitor Bernardes Pereira , Pinhel Marcela Augusta de Souza , Ferreira Flávia Campos , Nicoletti Carolina Ferreira , de Oliveira Sofia Teixeira Prates , Baumgartner Lidia Barbieri Belarmino , Welendorf Caroline Rossi , Pastore Thaís Alves de Azevedo Chaves , Malek-Zadeh Carolina Hunger , Watanabe Ligia Moriguchi , Noronha Natália Yumi , Salgado Junior Wilson , Nonino Carla Barbosa
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology and could be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as Binge Eating Disorder (BED), characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in the absence of compensatory behaviors. The present study aimed to analyze anthropometric and body composition changes over five years after bariatric surgery in patients diagnosed or not diagnosed with BED, depression, and anxiety in the preoperative period. One hundred and eighteen patients undergoing bariatric surgery were evaluated and divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of BED. The patients were submitted to anthropometric and body composition evaluation. We also analyzed BED diagnosis, depression, and anxiety according to the DSM-5 and validated questionnaires. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov, t-test, Fisher’s, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Over five years after bariatric surgery, only the BED group exhibited an increased weight and BMI (p < 0.05). In the preoperative period, patients with BED had severe depression (13,11%, p = 0.0079) and a higher frequency of moderate (22.95%, p < 0.01) or severe (14.75%, p < 0.01) anxiety. In conclusion, patients with BED had more intense symptoms of depression and anxiety in the preoperative period, and this disorder may persist in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, contributing to weight gain and increased BMI.
High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Two Pediatric Patients with Pre-Existing Lung Disease
Authors: Asseri Ali Alsuheel , Assiri Marei , Alshehri Norah , Alyazidi Noha Saad , Alasmari Ahmed , Alshabab Saud Q. , Asiri Nada Abdullah
Published: April 2024

Background: The illnesses associated with changes in barometric pressure can be classified into three types: acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high-altitude cerebral edema. HAPE is a rare form of pulmonary edema that occurs in susceptible individuals after arriving at altitudes over 2500 m above sea level (m). Only a few studies have reported classical HAPE among children with underlying cardiopulmonary comorbidities. In this study, we report two pediatric cases of classical HAPE that occurred immediately upon arriving at Abha city (with an average elevation of 2270 m above sea level). Notably, both patients possessed underlying chronic lung diseases, raising crucial questions about susceptibility factors and the early onset manifestations of HAPE. Case: Two pediatric cases of HAPE are presented. The first patient, with a medical history of repaired right congenital diaphragmatic hernia and subsequent right lung hypoplasia, developed HAPE following their ascent to a high altitude. The second patient, diagnosed with diffuse lung disease of unknown etiology, experienced HAPE after a rapid high-altitude ascent. Both patients resided in low-altitude areas prior to ascent. The initial emergency room assessment revealed that both patients had severe hypoxia with respiratory distress that mandated the initiation of respiratory support and 100% oxygen therapy. They required intensive care unit admission, improved after 5 days of hospitalization, and were sent home in good condition. Conclusion: HAPE is a complex, potentially life-threatening high-altitude illness with diverse clinical presentations and variable risk factors. This case report sheds light on a potential predisposition factor—pre-existing lung disease—in children experiencing severe HAPE. While further validation is crucial, this valuable insight opens doors for improved preventative strategies and informed medical decisions for children with pre-existing lung conditions traveling to high altitudes.
Exploring Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Opportunities in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Updates on Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Authors: Toffoli Lara , Ditsiou Angeliki , Gagliano Teresa
Published: April 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a diverse group of neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells, presenting varied clinical behaviors and posing significant challenges in management. This review explores the emerging roles of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in the pathogenesis and progression of NETs, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R), RET, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and ALK. The dysregulation of RTK signaling pathways contributes to key cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and invasion in NETs. We discuss the potential of targeting RTKs as therapeutic strategies in NETs, with a focus on recent developments in RET inhibitors and the therapeutic implications of RTK alterations.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Use and Land Cover Changes: A Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Mohiuddin Gulam , Mund Jan-Peter
Published: April 2024

Rapid urbanisation in the global south has often introduced substantial and rapid uncontrolled Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes, considerably affecting the Land Surface Temperature (LST) patterns. Understanding the relationship between LULC changes and LST is essential to mitigate such effects, considering the urban heat island (UHI). This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations and alterations of LST in urban areas compared to LULC changes. The study focused on a peripheral urban area of Phnom Penh (Cambodia) undergoing rapid urban development. Using Landsat images from 2000 to 2021, the analysis employed an exploratory time-series analysis of LST. The study revealed a noticeable variability in LST (20 to 69 °C), which was predominantly influenced by seasonal variability and LULC changes. The study also provided insights into how LST varies within different LULC at the exact spatial locations. These changes in LST did not manifest uniformly but displayed site-specific responses to LULC changes. This study accounts for changing land surfaces’ complex physical energy interaction over time. The methodology offers a replicable model for other similarly structured, rapidly urbanised regions utilising novel semi-automatic processing of LST from Landsat images, potentially inspiring future research in various urban planning and monitoring contexts.
Does Digitalization Facilitate Environmental Governance Performance? An Empirical Analysis Based on the PLS-SEM Model in China
Authors: Guo Jiajia , Shen Xin
Published: April 2024

The development of digitalization has brought about profound changes in government governance, enterprise production and residents’ daily lives. Whether digitalization inhibits environmental pollution is a question that needs to be answered urgently, as it is of great significance for addressing conflicts between human beings and the ecological environment. Moreover, it provides a theoretical basis for China’s green and sustainable development. China’s environmental governance model is in a new stage of “government, enterprise, and public” multifaceted governance. Therefore, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digitalization on environmental governance performance and its mediating effect from a multidimensional perspective, using inter-provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020 as a sample and employing structural equation modeling. It is found that digitalization can significantly improve environmental governance performance, while mechanism analysis shows that digitalization improves environmental governance performance through improving government environmental regulation, public environmental participation, and corporate green technology innovation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the contribution of digitization to environmental governance performance varies significantly according to geographic region and regional innovative capacity. Based on this, policy recommendations are proposed in terms of digitalization construction, the government, public and enterprises to form a multi-governance environmental governance system among the government, public and enterprises.