bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of flat plate type solar collector under different fin variables to enhance air-based heat transfer
Authors: Singh Maninder , Sonawane Rushikesh , Singh Manjeet , Gupta Akash , Singh Harjit , Chandra Gupta Gurram Mourya , Gollapudi Madhusudhan , Rahman Abdur
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study begins by outlining the core principles of how flat plate solar collectors (FPSC) operate and the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer. It underscores the pivotal role of fin patterns in enhancing convective heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary objective is to examine the impact of diverse fin patterns on the thermal performance of FPSCs. The study involves the development of a 3D-CFD model for FPSC using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS FLUENT. The analysis is conducted for variable mass flow rates (mf) ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 kg/s with an interval of 0.02 kg/s. Each flow rate is assessed for three distinct fin patterns: straight plate fins, V-shaped fins and wavy fins. Recognizing the variation in solar radiation intensity throughout the day, the analysis is executed at six different time points ranging 10:00 a.m. to 03.00 p.m. with a time interval of 1.00 h.

Findings

It is observed that the wavy fin pattern with a mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s exhibited the highest outlet temperature, showing a significant temperature difference of 12.4 K at noon. Conversely, the V-shaped fin pattern with a mf of 0.05 kg/s has the lowest temperature difference value, measuring only 3 K. The analysis included the calculation of thermal efficiency for each case, revealing that the V-shaped fin pattern at a mf of 0.05 kg/s and a sun radiation intensity of 885.42 W/m2 achieved the maximum instantaneous thermal efficiency (ηth) of 34.7%. The study records the outlet air temperature for all of these combinations and presents the data graphically in the paper.

Originality/value

The findings of the simulations indicate that the thermal performance that is ηth and maximum temperature of outlet air of FPSCs can be improved through the utilization of variable fin patterns.
Shifting interactions between ectomycorrhizae, plants and insect herbivores in a CO2‐enriched world
Authors: Zehr Luke N. , Prada Cecilia M. , Taylor Benton N.
Published: October 2024

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are changing how plants interact with their biotic mutualists and antagonists, but few syntheses consider how the three‐way interactions between mycorrhizae, plants and herbivores will shift under rising CO2.

We summarise the mechanisms by which ectomycorrhizal (EcM)‐associated plants, their mycorrhizae and insect herbivores interact with each other under current conditions and evaluate a set of expectations for how these interactions might shift under higher CO2. We then outline priorities for future work on EcM–plant–herbivore interactions as atmospheric CO2 continues to rise.

EcM colonisation has variable but often positive effects on herbivory, while herbivory has consistently negative impacts on EcM colonisation. Mechanistic evidence suggests that the positive EcM effect on herbivory will strengthen and the negative impact of herbivory on EcM will be ameliorated under higher CO2.

Synthesis: While more empirical evidence on fungal–plant–herbivore interactions is needed in EcM systems, our synthesis suggests that EcM associations may play an under‐recognised role in dictating future terrestrial carbon capture by mediating herbivory and the ability of plants to compensate for herbivory as atmospheric CO2 continues to rise.
SFT for ASD: A systemic intervention for neurodiverse families
Authors: Pennant Anthony
Published: October 2024

To increase the number of family‐based interventions and deal directly with the family dynamic that creates maladaptive manners of coping and connection, structural family therapy (SFT) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was developed. The model slowly supports families in being more flexible in their relationships and dynamics while imparting interpersonal skills which enhance communication particularly between the children with ASD and their parents by reforming and supporting an appropriate family structure and family dynamic.
The economic potential for area‐yield crop insurance: An application to maize in Ghana
Authors: Shenoy Ashish , Korb Mira
Published: October 2024

Rainfall index insurance can enable farm households to manage production risk, but demand in developing countries remains low at market prices, in part because the insurance trigger may not correlate well with individual farm losses. Area‐yield crop insurance, which links payouts to average yield in a geographic zone, attempts to increase demand by more accurately targeting insurance payouts to production shortfalls. However, shifting from an exogenous weather‐based to an endogenous yield‐based index introduces concerns of asymmetric information, which can lead to market failures that constrain supply from providers. These features are inversely related: larger insurance zones inhibit index manipulation, but average yield is less informative about any individual plot. We quantify this tradeoff for maize in Ghana using a spatial yield model calibrated to match observed production. Insurers must demarcate zones of no more than 5000 farmers for area‐yield insurance to outperform weather insurance. The framework presented in this paper allows assessment of the relationship between index performance and asymmetric information in new crop insurance products.
Correcting for Replicated Genotypes May Introduce More Problems Than it Solves
Authors: Meirmans Patrick G.
Published: October 2024

Across the tree of life, many organisms are able to reproduce clonally, via vegetative spread, budding or parthenogenesis. In population genetic analyses of clonally reproducing organisms, it is common practice to retain only a single representative per multilocus genotype. Though this practice of clone correction is widespread, the theoretical justification behind it has been very little studied. Here, I use individual‐based simulations to study the effect of clone correction on the estimation of the genetic summary statistics HO, HS, FIS, FST, F′′ST and Dest. The simulations follow the standard finite island model, consisting of a set of populations connected by gene flow, but with a variable rate of sexual versus asexual reproduction. The results of the simulations show that by itself, the inclusion of replicated genotypes does not lead to a deviation in the values of the summary statistics, except when the rate of sexual reproduction is less than about one in thousand. However, clone correction can introduce a strong deviation in the values of most of the statistics, when compared to a scenario of full sexual reproduction. For HS and FIS, this deviation can be informative about the process of asexual reproduction, but for FST, F′′ST and Dest, clone correction can lead to incorrect conclusions. I therefore argue that clone correction is not strictly necessary, but can in some cases be insightful. However, when clone correction is applied, it is imperative that results for both the corrected and uncorrected data are presented.
Aging alters the effect of adiponectin receptor signaling on bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Hanghang , Zhao Qiucheng , Liu Shibo , Li Bolun , Zheng Zizhuo , Liu Yao , Hu Pei , Luo En
Published: October 2024

Adiponectin receptor signaling represents a promising therapeutic target for age‐related conditions such as osteoporosis and diabetes. However, the literature presents conflicting evidence regarding the role of adiponectin signaling in bone homeostasis and fracture repair across different health states, ages, and disease conditions. These inconsistencies may arise from the complex endocrine and paracrine feedback mechanisms regulating adiponectin, as well as the variability in adiponectin isoforms and receptor expressions. In this study, we observed differential expression of adiponectin receptors in the bone marrow (BM) of aged mice, characterized by elevated levels of adiponectin receptor 2 and reduced levels of receptor 1, as corroborated by both single‐cell sequencing and in vivo staining. Additionally, circulating levels of adiponectin and its local expression were significantly higher in aged mice compared to younger counterparts. Treatment with adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, enhanced bone regeneration and repair in young mice by promoting osteogenesis and reducing osteoclastogenesis. Conversely, in aged mice, AdipoRon treatment led to cellular senescence, delayed bone repair, and inhibited osteogenic activity. Notably, the adiponectin receptor 1‐Wnt and adiponectin receptor 2‐MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways were differentially activated in AdipoRon‐treated BM mesenchymal stem cells from young and aged mice. Additionally, the NF‐κB, and AKT pathways were consistently downregulated in BM macrophages of both age groups following AdipoRon administration. In conclusion, aging significantly modulates the impact of adiponectin receptor signaling on BM mesenchymal stem cells. This modulation is potentially attributable to changes in receptor transcription and distribution, as well as differential activation of downstream signaling pathways.
Insomnia treatment effects on negative emotionality among veterans in treatment for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Miller Mary Beth , Carpenter Ryan W. , Nance Melissa , Freeman Lindsey K. , Metrik Jane , Borsari Brian , McCrae Christina S. , Merrill Jennifer E. , Carey Kate B. , McGeary John E.
Published: October 2024

Background

Insomnia symptoms are pervasive and persistent in alcohol use disorder (AUD), though little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this association. We previously found that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) reduced alcohol‐related problems among veterans by improving insomnia severity (NCT03806491). In this planned secondary analysis of the same clinical trial data, we tested negative emotionality as one potential mechanism to explain this effect. Specifically, we tested the change in negative emotionality as a mediator of the association between change in insomnia symptoms and alcohol‐related outcomes (craving, heavy drinking frequency, and alcohol‐related problems).

Methods

Participants were 67 veterans in treatment for AUD who also met the criteria for insomnia disorder (91% male, 84% White, average age = 46.3 years). Participants were randomized to five sessions of CBT‐I or a single‐session sleep hygiene control. Assessments occurred at baseline, immediately posttreatment (~6 weeks after baseline), and at 6‐week follow‐up. Measures included the Insomnia Severity Index, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, Timeline Followback, and Short Inventory of Problems. We created a latent negative emotionality indicator based on five validated and reliable measures of negative emotionality.

Results

Contrary to hypotheses, CBT‐I did not improve negative emotionality relative to sleep hygiene control. However, across both treatment conditions, decreases in insomnia symptoms from baseline to posttreatment were associated with concurrent decreases in negative emotionality, which in turn predicted reductions in alcohol craving and heavy drinking.

Conclusion

Negative emotionality may help explain links between insomnia symptoms and alcohol‐related outcomes.
Early weight‐bearing following distal femur fracture fixation – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aebischer Andrea S. , Gouk Conor J. C. , Steer Richard
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The global standard of care for hip fracture surgery is early weight‐bearing, but this has not extended to other lower extremity fractures in the elderly. Patients undergoing fixation of distal femur fractures are often prescribed weight‐bearing restrictions, which may lead to deconditioning and other complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and complication rates between patients permitted early versus restricted weight‐bearing following distal femur fracture fixation.

Methods

Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched for English language articles up to 21 October 2023, identifying 366 studies for screening. Comparative studies evaluating patients undergoing distal femur fracture fixation with early or restricted weight‐bearing were included. Native knee and periprosthetic fractures were included.

Results

Ten studies were included for analysis. Two studies provided Level II evidence, while the remaining eight studies provided Level III evidence. Cochrane risk of bias tools were utilized to assess study quality. Revision and complication rates were analyzed and reported as odds ratio. Sub‐analysis was undertaken to address the heterogeneity in author definitions of weight‐bearing. There was no statistically significant difference in the revision or complication rate between the two groups.

Conclusion

Early weight‐bearing following distal femur fracture fixation in a predominantly elderly population does not demonstrate an increased rate of revision or complications compared to restricted weight‐bearing. However, there are limitations to the available literature, and the strength of the findings is insufficient to provide strong recommendations for all patients. Future studies should employ standardized definitions and avoid partial or time‐based restrictions.
A quantitative analysis of bestrophin 1 cellular localization in mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Di Palma Michael , Koh Wuhyun , Lee C. Justin , Conti Fiorenzo
Published: October 2024

Aim

Calcium‐activated ligand‐gated chloride channels, beyond their role in maintaining anion homeostasis, modulate neuronal excitability by facilitating nonvesicular neurotransmitter release. BEST1, a key member of this family, is permeable to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. While astrocytic BEST1 is well‐studied and known to regulate neurotransmitter levels, its distribution and role in other brain cell types remain unclear. This study aimed to reassess the localization of BEST1 in the mouse cerebral cortex.

Methods

We examined the localization and distribution of BEST1 in the mouse parietal cortex using light microscopy, confocal double‐labeling with markers for astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and 3D reconstruction techniques.

Results

In the cerebral cortex, BEST1 is more broadly distributed than previously thought. Neurons are the second most abundant BEST1+ cell type in the cerebral cortex, following astrocytes. BEST1 is diffusely expressed in neuronal somatic and neuropilar domains and is present at glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals, with a prevalence at GABAergic terminals. We also confirmed that BEST1 is expressed in cortical microglia and identified it in oligodendrocyte precursor cells, albeit to a lesser extent.

Conclusions

Together, these findings suggest that BEST1's role in controlling neurotransmission may extend beyond astrocytes to include other brain cells. Understanding BEST1's function in these cells could offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms shaping cortical circuitry. Further research is needed to clarify the diverse roles of BEST1 in both normal and pathophysiological conditions.
The exploitation of silver deposits in early medieval Europe: some documentary, economic and social problems
Authors: Minvielle Larousse Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Focusing on Southern Europe, this article sheds light on the mining landscape of the early Middle Ages. Based on the current state of historical and archaeological knowledge, the article raises a number of questions that can be extended to other European regions. The documentary problem shows that the scarcity of sources is due to a less developed mining historiography of the early Middle Ages. The few references show that it was not a question of ignorance, nor of the terrain, nor of the potential, nor of the techniques, taking into account the work in Melle and in the Harz. The study of production from the angle of an economic problem forms the basis of a hypotheses for selective and centralized exploitation during the Carolingian period and of an unbridled mining boom from the early 11th century. Even with the current paucity of documentary evidence, it is reasonable to assume that early medieval societies did not choose to exploit all the resources available to them. Finally, there is the social question. Who was behind the work and trade in ingots? The model of elite dirigisme will be discussed and it will be suggested that the role of the elite be reduced in favour of other actors such as entrepreneurs. Finally, the article argues for the extension of archaeological research to production areas in order to date operations, establish reference systems for ores and read archaeological remains from a social perspective.
Discreet but diverse and specific: Determining plant‐herbivore interactions across a species‐rich plant family in a tropical rain forest
Authors: Santacruz Endara Paola G. , Lozinguez Alix , Valencia Renato , Queenborough Simon A. , Endara María‐José , Obando‐Tello Betzabet , Couvreur Thomas L. P.
Published: October 2024

Studying plant–herbivore interactions within tropical rain forests is fundamental to understanding their ecology and evolution. An important aspect of plant–herbivore dynamics is the role of temporal and taxonomic variables in determining associations between herbivores and their host. Using the diverse and chemically rich plant family Annonaceae (Magnoliales), we conducted a year‐long study in Ecuador's Yasuní National Park in lowland Amazonia. We focused on nine understory tree species across a broad phylogenetic range within Annonaceae. For these species, we investigated patterns of herbivory, identified herbivores through DNA barcoding, and documented unique ant–butterfly associations. In general, leaf damage ranged from 0.09% to 25%, with significant temporal fluctuations for three species. Notably, Anaxagorea brevipes and Unonopsis veneficiorum faced higher herbivore pressure when compared to the other studied species. We document a discreet but diverse herbivore community, with 40 larvae from 12 Lepidoptera families collected throughout the year. Our findings identify, for the first time across a phylogenetically diverse sampling of Annonaceae, the specialization of herbivores on our focal species. Overall, our data provide valuable information on herbivory patterns at the local scale for this important rain forest plant family. Furthermore, these findings contribute to our understanding of the ecological processes that influence plant species diversity in tropical rain forests.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
PPM1G‐mediated TBL1X mRNA splicing promotes cell migration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Liling , Shi Xinyu , Yuan Xiaoyi , Liu Danya , Zheng Dandan , Li Yuying , Shi Fujin , Zhang Meifang , Su Shu‐Guang , Zhang Chris Zhiyi
Published: October 2024

The progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is coincident with aberrant splicing of numerous tumor‐related genes. Identification of the tumor‐specific splice variants that facilitate HCC metastasis may provide a more comprehensive insight into the mechanisms of HCC metastasis. Through RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, PPM1G was identified as a biomarker associated with HCC metastasis. Our data mapped a transcriptome‐wide landscape of alternative splicing events modulated by PPM1G in HCC. Notably, we characterized the exon six‐skipping transcript of TBL1X as an onco‐splice variant regulated by PPM1G. Experimental validation revealed the enrichment of TBL1X‐S in response to PPM1G overexpression. Moreover, mRNA stability analyses revealed that PPM1G prolonged the half‐life of the TBL1X‐S transcript. Both PPM1G and TBL1X‐S exhibited metastasis‐promoting phenotypes, with PPM1G‐driven metastasis in HCC being partially dependent on TBL1X‐S. Mechanistically, different TBL1X splice variants showed varying affinities for ZEB1, with TBL1X‐S significantly enhancing ZEB1 activation and repressing CDH1 transcription, potentially accelerating the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In conclusion, our study highlights the biological role of PPM1G and TBL1X‐S in tumor metastasis. The PPM1G/TBL1X‐S signaling axis presents a new view for investigating liver cancer metastasis mechanisms.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Association Between Sex Hormones and Body Mass Components Among Men Adults: Results From a Large Population‐Based Study
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Xianghong , Zhang Zilong , Su Xingyang , Zeng Bin , Li Yifan , Qiu Shi , Yang Lu
Published: October 2024

Background

As the human body ages, adverse body composition status such as sarcopenia and obesity become obvious phenotypes which can cause numerous health problems. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of sex hormones and body mass components in adult men of various age groups.

Methods

We analysed national representative population data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Generalized linear model regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between sex hormones (total testosterone [TT], bio‐available testosterone [BT], sex hormone‐binding globulin [SHBG], estradiol [E2] and testosterone to estradiol ratio [T/E ratio]) and body mass components (weight, body mass index (BMI), total lean mass, appendicular lean mass, bone mineral content, total fat and trunk fat). The collection and testing time of blood samples were not fixed and there was no strict fasting, but in subsequent analysis we used statistical methods to minimize the impact of random testing.

Results

After screening for inclusion and exclusion, 3759 male participants aged 20–85 years old were included in this study. Higher levels of TT, SHBG, BT and T/E ratios were significantly associated with higher total lean mass, appendicular lean mass and bone mineral content, while lower weight, BMI, total fat and trunk fat. For E2 levels in men, we found an opposite trend, with higher E2 levels significantly associated with lower total lean mass and appendicular lean mass, and higher weight, BMI, total fat and trunk fat. Notably, in subgroup analysis, the results showed that there were significant interaction effects of age and smoking history in the association between sex hormones and body mass components.

Conclusion

Higher TT levels, BT levels, SHBG levels and T/E ratios are associated with lower body weight and improved body composition in young adult men (characterized by higher lean body mass, higher bone density and lower fat mass). The relationship is especially pronounced among relatively young, nonsmoking men.
Alveolar Ridge Regeneration With Open Versus Closed Healing in Damaged Extraction Sockets: A Preclinical In Vivo Study
Authors: Choi Jae‐Won , Park Jin‐Young , Cha Jae‐Kook , Hieu Pham‐Duong , Jung Hwi‐Dong , Kim Chang‐Sung
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare open versus closed healing of soft and hard tissue following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures in damaged extraction sockets.

Materials and Methods

ARP was performed in five mongrel dogs using collagenated deproteinized bovine bone mineral (cDBBM) and a resorbable non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (NCCM) in damaged extraction sockets, with each socket entrance left either open (open group) or closed (closed group). Clinical wound epithelization at the socket entrance and the dimensions of keratinized tissue were evaluated over time. Additionally, the augmented ridge dimensions and new bone formation were assessed radiographically and histologically at 8 weeks after surgery.

Results

The dimensions of the socket entrance gradually decreased in the open group, and wound epithelization was almost complete within 4 weeks. The mucogingival junction was maintained more apically in the open group than in the closed group (0.14 ± 0.40 mm vs. −0.86 ± 0.71 mm [mean ± SD], p < 0.05). The augmented ridge dimensions did not differ significantly between the open and closed groups (93.1% ± 5.4% vs. 88.3% ± 11.2%, p > 0.05). Histological analyses revealed no significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone. However, membrane resorption in the crestal region was more pronounced in the open group.

Conclusion

Open and closed healing approaches for ARP in extraction sockets with damaged buccal wall resulted in similar ridge dimensions and new bone formation. However, there was less reduction of the buccal bone crest and wider keratinized tissue width after open healing.
Transition from fetal to postnatal state in the heart: Crosstalk between metabolism and regeneration
Authors: Sada Tai , Kimura Wataru
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Myocardial injury resulting from ischemia can be fatal because of the limited regenerative capacity of adult myocardium. Mammalian cardiomyocytes rapidly lose their proliferative capacities, with only a small fraction of adult myocardium remaining proliferative, which is insufficient to support post‐injury recovery. Recent investigations have revealed that this decline in myocardial proliferative capacity is closely linked to perinatal metabolic shifts. Predominantly glycolytic fetal myocardial metabolism transitions towards mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation postnatally, which not only enables efficient production of ATP but also causes a dramatic reduction in cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity. Extensive research has elucidated the mechanisms behind this metabolic shift, as well as methods to modulate these metabolic pathways. Some of these methods have been successfully applied to enhance metabolic reprogramming and myocardial regeneration. This review discusses recently acquired insights into the interplay between metabolism and myocardial proliferation, emphasizing postnatal metabolic transitions.
Dietary potassium intake and its interaction with sodium intake on risk of developing cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes: The Japan Diabetes Complication and its Prevention Prospective study (JDCP study 12)
Authors: Horikawa Chika , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Katakami Naoto , Takeda Yasunaga , Takeuchi Mizuki , Fujihara Kazuya , Suzuki Hiroaki , Yoshioka Narihito , Shimano Hitoshi , Satoh Jo , Hayashino Yasuaki , Tajima Naoko , Nishimura Rimei , Yamasaki Yoshimitsu , Sone Hirohito
Published: October 2024

Aims

Many guidelines recommend increases in potassium intake. However, the relationship of dietary potassium intake with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been examined in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including sodium acting antagonistically with potassium. We investigated these relationships in Japanese patients with T2DM.

Materials and Methods

The investigation was part of the JDCP study, a nationwide prospective study begun in 2007. Analysed were 1477 persons with T2DM, 40–75 years of age, who completed a brief‐type, self‐administered Diet History Questionnaire at baseline. Primary outcome was a CVD event during the follow‐up median 7 years (3.9–8.1 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD were estimated by Cox regression adjusted for confounders of daily potassium intake categorized by tertiles. Tertiles of sodium intake were also analysed.

Results

Mean daily potassium intake in tertiles was 1877, 2627 and 3532 mg, respectively, and significant associations were not shown between potassium intake and incidence of CVD. When HRs for CVD were stratified for potassium intake in tertiles (reference group, bottom tertile) and sodium intake (reference group, bottom tertile), potassium intake in the bottom tertile and sodium intake in the second and top tertiles were associated with significantly elevated HR for CVD (2.79 [1.02–7.63] and 3.92 [1.30–11.79], respectively).

Conclusions

Low potassium intake in conjunction with high sodium intake was significantly associated with increased incident CVD in persons with T2DM. However, CVD incidence was not related to high potassium intake, regardless of sodium intake.
Visual symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome: An investigation of position‐dependent visual exploration
Authors: Rodriguez Belén , Pantano Lynn , Nef Tobias , Müri René M. , Z'Graggen Werner J.
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose

Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome report position‐dependent visual symptoms. Despite their impact on daily life, these symptoms have remained largely unexplored in research. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of visual symptoms in postural tachycardia syndrome and possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Methods

Fifteen patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and 15 healthy controls were included in the study. Through a comprehensive array of measurements, including haemodynamics, subjective symptom assessments, eye movement tracking and pupil diameter analysis, participants were assessed during free image exploration in both supine and 60° head‐up tilt positions.

Results

During head‐up tilt, patients showed a decreased number and duration of fixations, as well as a decreased number, peak velocity and amplitude of saccades compared to the supine position and the control group. This reduction in visual exploration occurred primarily in the peripheral field of view and coincided with the occurrence of subjective visual symptoms. No significant differences in the saccade main sequence were observed between the two groups in either body position.

Conclusions

Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome have a reduced exploration of the peripheral field of view when in an upright body position, potentially leading to tunnel vision. Since the normality of the saccade main sequence in patients combined with the focus on the centre of the field of view and the lower saccade amplitudes points to an intact brainstem function, the decrease in peripheral visual exploration may be attributed to a position‐dependent dysfunction of the frontal eye field.
Bond strength of resin‐based restorative materials to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement using different resin adhesive systems
Authors: Ranjkesh Bahram , Kopperud Hilde M. , Løvschall Henrik
Published: October 2024

This study assessed the bond strength of resin‐based restorative materials to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement (Aarhus Uinversity, Denmark) when treated with each of two one‐bottle universal adhesive systems. The cement surface (N = 256) was treated with a self‐priming adhesive and a self‐etch phosphate monomer‐containing adhesive with and without etching of the cement surface. Specimens then received either resin composite or compomer restorative materials (n = 32). The bond strength was measured after 1 day and 1500 thermocycles (n = 16). The failure type was visually inspected. The cement‐adhesive‐restorative material interface was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Restorative material type, resin adhesive system, and thermocycling had a statistically significant effect on the bond strength. Compomer restorative material and self‐etch universal adhesive system demonstrated statistically significantly higher bond strength values to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement, predominantly exhibiting cement cohesive failure. Etching the cement surface enhanced the bond strength of the self‐priming universal adhesive. Thermocycling significantly reduced the bond strength. SEM showed self‐etch universal adhesive seemingly diffused over the etched cement surface compared to other groups. Self‐etch phosphate monomer‐containing universal adhesive and compomer resulted in the highest bond strength to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement.
Relational ethics in immigrant families: The contextual therapy five‐dimensional framework
Authors: Glebova Tatiana , Lal Arpita , Gangamma Rashmi
Published: October 2024

Contextual family therapy offers a unique explanatory and clinically valuable framework to address complex multigenerational processes in families of immigrants who experience cumulative migration‐related traumas. In this paper, we offer a new extended, specific conceptualization of immigrant families' generational dynamics using existing literature within the five‐dimensional contextual therapy framework illustrated with a clinical example. We highlight the importance of social and relational justice, loyalty, entitlement, and parentification in transgenerational processes in addressing manifestations of these traumas that are frequently overlooked in clinical practice with different generations of immigrant families. Clinical guiding principles include acknowledgment of the social nature of situational injustices and their consequences for relational justices, exploration of loyalty conflicts (familial, cultural, and national), active dialogue of mutual care, exoneration, and stimulating constructive entitlement through active giving. This paper contributes to further development of contextual therapy theory and provides practical guidance for clinicians working with international migrants including second and third generations.
Investigation of Fatigue Mechanics and Crack Evolution Characteristics of Jointed Specimens Under Cyclic Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Chen Miao , Liu Zihao , Wang Xiaoshan , Zheng Jiangbo , Yang Liu , Bai Feng , Zang Chuanwei
Published: October 2024

Nonpersistent joints are prevalent in engineering rock masses and are sensitive to cyclic loads induced by geological movements and engineering disturbances. Therefore, studying the fatigue mechanisms of rock masses with nonpersistent joints under cyclic compressive loads is crucial for ensuring the rational design and long‐term stability of rock engineering structures. Based on laboratory experiments, this study employed the discrete element method to create specimens with different nonpersistent joints, and uniaxial compressive cyclic loading tests were conducted on these specimens with different maximum cyclic stress levels. The results show that the joint inclination significantly affects the characteristics of jointed rock, such as deformation modulus, irreversible strain, energy evolution, and crack characteristics. Increasing the maximum stress in the stress path results in a rapid release of hysteretic energy in the jointed regions of the rock, which leads to an exponential decrease in fatigue life while an increase in initial irreversible strain, final irreversible strain, and hysteretic energy density. Additionally, the shear fracture zones on both sides of the model expand, and the propagation and merging of cracks between joints become more extensive and complex. The results are significant for studying rock fatigue instability and structure engineering design.
Survival improvement over time in renal cell carcinoma treated with nephrectomy: A longitudinal propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Kishitani Kenjiro , Taguchi Satoru , Tanaka Koji , Danno Tetsuya , Oshina Takahiro , Fujii Yoichi , Kamei Jun , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Kakutani Shigenori , Sato Yusuke , Yamada Yuta , Niimi Aya , Yamada Daisuke , Kume Haruki
Published: October 2024

Objective

Surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has drastically evolved for the past 30 years. However, survival outcomes of RCC according to times have not been fully elucidated, especially in the real‐world setting. This study aimed to assess the survival improvement over time in RCC treated with nephrectomy by analyzing a longitudinal cohort using propensity score matching (PSM).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 960 patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy between 1981 and 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time of surgery (1981–1999 vs. 2000–2018). Using PSM, overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were compared between the two groups.

Results

Overall, 255 and 705 patients underwent surgery in the earlier (1981–1999) and recent (2000–2018) eras, and PSM derived a matched cohort of 466 patients (233 patients per each group). All patients in the earlier era cohort received open surgeries, whereas about a half (47.4%) of patients in the recent era cohort received minimally‐invasive (laparoscopic/robotic) surgeries. After PSM, 137 (29.4%) patients developed recurrence, 105 (22.5%) died of RCC, and 113 (24.2%) died from other causes, with a median follow‐up period of 90 months. The recent era cohort had significantly longer OS, CSS, and RFS than the earlier era cohort.

Conclusions

Patients with RCC treated in the recent era (2000–2018) showed significantly longer survival than those treated in the earlier era (1981–1999). The improved survival might be attributable to the prevalence of minimally‐invasive (laparoscopic/robotic) surgeries.
International migration and the advent of a new demographic era
Authors: Fargues Philippe
Published: October 2024

The paper explores whether international migration is linked to currently decreasing levels of fertility in high birth rates countries, thereby to the advent of a stage of population degrowth at the world's level. Methodology is in two steps. First, a global dataset is assembled comprising 13 variables for each country. For the country itself: emigrant stock, total fertility rate, girls' enrolment rate, women's labour force participation, global gender gap, and income per capita; for a fictitious average region of destination of migrants originating from this specific country, the last six variables. In the second step, links between origin and destination countries in terms of fertility levels and determinants are analysed using bivariate correlations. A remarkable fact emerges, namely national levels of fertility and their determinants vary quasi perfectly parallel at both ends of international migration corridors. Fertility at origin is not correlated to any phenomenon as much as to fertility, girls' school enrolment and gender equity at destination. Three complementary hypotheses explaining this apparently puzzling fact are discussed: transmission of norms by migrants; cultural similarities at both ends of migrant corridors; and congruency between the global diffusion of norms and the global migration of people. The conclusion highlights the original contribution of the paper, both to the demographic discipline (migration should also be dealt with as a remote determinant of fertility) and political debates on migration (erecting barriers to migration works against the preservation of earth).
Analysing the Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Mental Health Differences in Chinese Society: Integrating Cultural, Psychological and Technological Perspectives
Authors: Luan Dianfei , Mu Qichen
Published: October 2024

Mental health (MH) differences remain an issue in contemporary Chinese society, with various factors influencing individuals' well‐being. This study investigates the complex connection between results related to psychological wellness and social issues, integrating cultural, psychological and technological perspectives. Through a quantitative research methodology, data were collected from 1000 individuals using a questionnaire survey and analysed using SPSS software. The study's findings shed light on the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on MH stigma, help‐seeking behaviour and overall well‐being. The findings identify that lower SES was associated with heightened levels of MH stigma and decreased the search for assistance actions. Cultural beliefs emphasising MH stigma and societal expectations were identified as mediators in the connection involve SES and MH outcomes. Digital technology use emerged as a moderator, indicating that higher levels of technology utilisation were linked to reduced disparities in accessing MH resources. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the multifaceted factors influencing MH disparities within Chinese society. Additionally, psychological factors such as resilience and social support were observed to mitigate the negative lower SES's effect on MH consequences. The interaction between SES and cultural factors was found to predict MH outcomes, with lower SES exacerbating the effects of MH stigma and cultural barriers.
Banging My Head Against a Brick Wall! Enablers and Barriers to Nurse Practitioners Delivering Opioid Agonist Treatments in Regional/Rural Victoria, Australia
Authors: Patil Tejaswini , Dostal Jana , Nielsen Suzanne , Buus Niels , Molloy Pauline , Armstrong Ferghal , Coventry Jessica , Shlonsky Aron
Published: October 2024

The Victorian government's Alcohol and other drugs (AOD) workforce policy calls for greater recruitment of alcohol and other drugs nurse practitioners (AODNPs). However, frontline organisations in Victoria report several systemic barriers to their recruitment and retention. Additionally, there is scant Australian literature that examines the experiences of AODNP in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) provision in regional/rural areas. This research aims to address this gap by examining the AODNP workforce issues in delivering pharmacotherapy treatments in regional/rural areas of Victoria. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, we conducted qualitative, in‐depth interviews with 11 OAT prescribing AODNP's working in regional or rural Victoria. We analysed transcripts using reflective thematic analysis and generated three themes: (1) Professional motivations and values, (2) Enablers to professional role and (3) Barriers to professional role. The findings suggest that AODNPs in regional/rural areas are a dedicated workforce who provide holistic and integrated care for OAT clients. AODNPs play an important role in reducing and providing timely and subsidised health care for OAT clients living in regional/rural locations. AODNPs face many systemic and organisational barriers. These include inadequate funding for AODNP positions to prescribe pharmacotherapy treatments, lack of understanding of the AODNP professional role at the executive/management level within organisations and irregular access to supervision, mentoring, training and education. Also, endemic stigma in the health system acts as a barrier in recruiting and supporting AODNP positions that focus on care for OAT clients.
Concept Analysis of Psychosocial Distress Among African American and Latine Men Who Have Sex With Men: Implications for HIV Care
Authors: Payton Isaac K. , Starkweather Angela R. , Westmoreland Drew A. , Canidate Shantrel S. , Cook Robert L. , Lyon Debra E.
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to provide conceptual clarity on psychosocial distress among African American and Latine men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Design

Concept analysis.

Methods

The 8‐step Walker and Avant framework guided the concept analysis of psychosocial distress tailored to this patient population.

Data Sources

A literature review was conducted using the research databases PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, the Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Scopus with the selected search terms.

Results

A total of 7 articles were retrieved and analysed to explicate the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of psychosocial distress in this population. Four cases were developed to further clarify the concept of psychosocial distress; a model case, borderline case, related case and contrary case.

Conclusion

As experienced by African American and Latine men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus, psychosocial distress is defined as a state of suffering due to uncontrollable structural and/or social factors that threaten the individual's existence and/or livelihood based on their social identity as a racial/ethnic, sexual minority.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The concept analysis of psychosocial distress can be useful to guide future theory and measurement development to enhance disease‐specific and general health outcomes for sexual and racial/ethnic minoritised men who have sex with men.

Reporting Method

Not applicable.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Clinical Outcomes of Bulk‐Fill Resin Composite Restorations: A 10‐Year Mapping Review and Evidence Gap Map
Authors: de Menezes Anna Júlia Oliveira , do Nascimento Barbosa Lucas , Leite Juan Vitor Costa , Barbosa Laryssa Mylenna Madruga , Montenegro Robinsom Viégas , Dantas Raquel Venâncio Fernandes , de Souza Grace Mendonça , de Andrade Ana Karina Maciel , Lima Renally Bezerra Wanderley
Published: October 2024

Objective

To map the evidence regarding the clinical performance of posterior restorations with bulk‐fill resin composites and identify research gaps.

Materials and Methods

This mapping review was conducted following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines for scoping reviews, and its protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform. Systematic searches were conducted, considering studies published between 2013 and February 2024 in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Clinical studies investigating the performance of bulk‐fill resin composite restorations in class I and/or class II preparations with increments of 4 to 5 mm were included.

Results

A total of 147 articles were identified, and based on the eligibility criteria, 26 studies were selected for descriptive analysis. Of the reviewed studies, 73% (n = 19) investigated high‐viscosity bulk‐fill composites, while 30% (n = 8) focused on low‐viscosity bulk‐fill composites. Evaluation periods ranged from 1 week to 10 years. Reported annual failure rates varied from 0% to 3%, with survival rates between 78.9% and 100%.

Conclusions

Bulk‐fill resin composites of high viscosity were the most analyzed in the published studies, with evaluation periods of up to 10 years. The review of available scientific evidence showed clinically acceptable performance for composite bulk‐fill restorations, with high survival rates and minimal annual failure rates. There is a need for long‐term clinical studies on bulk‐fill resin composites.

Clinical Significance

This review demonstrates that both high and low‐viscosity bulk‐fill resin composites exhibit satisfactory clinical performance, which can help clinicians optimize chairside time. However, it is important to highlight the need for further studies with longer follow‐up periods.
Look before you leap: Are increased recycling efforts accelerating microplastic pollution?
Authors: Kahlert Sebastian , Bening Catharina R.
Published: October 2024

To fight plastic pollution and reach net‐zero ambitions, policy and industry set goals to increase the recycling of plastics and the recycled content in products. While this ideally reduces demand for virgin material, it also increases pressure on recyclers to find suitable endmarkets for the recyclate. This may lead to two effects: a multiplication of recycled content in applications already made of plastic and a substitution of non‐plastic materials with cheap, low‐quality recyclate. Both areas of application may be sources of microplastic (MP) pollution. Combined with the inherent degradation of recyclate during its lifecycle, but also during recycling, we expect the increase in recycled content will subsequently lead to an increase in MP pollution. We propose a framework to investigate the risk of MP generation through plastic applications throughout their subsequent lifecycle of production, use phase, and end of life. We apply the framework to two prominent examples of recyclate endmarkets, that is, textiles and wood–plastic, and point out where the degradation effects can cause higher release. To conclude, we outline a research agenda to support policymakers in their decision making on specifying targets for recycling and recycled content.