bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tillage Systems Affecting Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Qamar Rafi , Rehman Atique ur , Javeed Hafiz Muhammad Rashad , Abdul Rehman Abdul Rehman , Safdar Muhammad Ehsan , Ali Hasnain , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: July 2021

Rice-wheat production is an essential component of cropping systems in the Indus-Ganga Plains (IGP) which play a pivotal role in food security of south Asia. These crops are being cultivated on an area of about 13.5 M ha of South Asia. In rice-wheat cropping system, the major reason for lower wheat grain yield is use of unwise tillage practices during wheat seedbed preparation, cultivation of late maturing rice varieties, water shortage, labor shortage, high cost of fertilizers and poor crop management practices. Resource-conserving technology improves the sustainability and productivity of wheat, which ultimately increase the farmer’s livelihood and reduce poverty. Tillage plays an important role in agricultural operation for soil manipulation to optimize the crop productivity. Different tillage systems are being practiced for wheat production in rice-wheat cropping systems including intensive tillage system, conventional and deep tillage, conservation tillage that consisting of minimum tillage, ridge tillage, and no-till or zero tillage system. Zero tillage gives more accessible and efficient planting system that ensures timely wheat cultivation, cut off the tillage operation, better crop residue management that ultimately minimize the cost of production and keeps environment clean. Operational costs for wheat sowing are 50-60% lower with zero tillage (ZT) sowing than with conventional sowing. The cost saving effect is the main reason for the spread of zero tillage technology in rice-wheat system. Current paper presented a review of different tillage systems and their effects on soil physical properties, plant available water, soil organic matter and nutrients, rice residues, wheat yield and farmer’s economics.
Screening of Rice Varieties based on Remodeling of Root Architecture Linked to Enhanced Phosphorus Transporters and Ethylene Signaling for Better Phosphorous Acquisition under Limiting Conditions
Authors: Zulfiqar Alveena , Azhar Beenish Jehan , Zeb Aroosa , Zeenat Asyia , Aman Sitwat , Heckerthorn Scott A , Shakeel Samina N
Published: July 2021

Root architectural modifications in response to altered nutrient level can be used as selection marker for better adapted rice varieties. In this study, we screened six local rice varieties commonly grown in Pakistan, using their unique root architecture and several molecular markers to identify best adapted local variety under phosphorus limiting conditions. Our data showed that rice variety with significant changes in its three-dimensional root architecture system (RSA) and enhanced expression of phosphorus transporters (OsPT2, OsPT4 and OsPT6) is the best variety to handle stress as compared to other varieties. Along with development of screening strategy/method, our data provided evidence that phosphorus starvation leads to upregulation of stress hormone ethylene, which regulates root elongation and root hair development therefore facilitating root architecture modification. We then further checked, how to mitigate or enhance phosphorus starvation responses by application of hormones exogenously, our results showed that ethylene application/treatment enhances phosphorus starvation responses, whereas cytokinin on the other hand reverses deficiency effects which implicates hormonal cross talk is key to modulate P-deficiency responses in rice. This study provides an easy and quick method of analysis of root architecture as physiological marker for rice screening and improve crop yield by selecting best adapted variety for P deficient soils. In future, detail study for understanding phytohormone mediated transcriptomic changes in response to nutrient deficiency and in correlation with physiological response will help to select better adapted varieties that will eventually result in increase of rice yield.
The Effects of Apitherapeutic Agents on Oxidative Stress in Serum Metabolic Parameters of Hypertensive Rats Created by Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibited
Authors: Gulhan Mehmet Fuat , Ozdemir Betul , Selamoglu Zeliha , Sahna Engin
Published: July 2021

Hypertension is a chronic disease affecting the whole world due to its clinical effects and complications. The reduction in the release and effect of NO is one of the mechanisms of hypertension formation. Hypertension disrupts the balance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to observe biochemical changes in the blood by treatment propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and pollen in hypertensive rats via Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rats were divided in five groups. Rats were given L-NAME (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 14 days to make hypertensive. L-NAME and bee products were administered together with rats for 14 days, then L-NAME for 14 days. All administrated ended 28 days. There was a statistically significant (P<0.05) decrease in blood pressure (BP) in the groups in which bee products were applied. Blood pressure was lower in the pollen treated group than in the CAPE and propolis treated group (P<0.05). Paraoxanase (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels were measured in the blood samples in all groups. In the L-NAME group; PON1, TAS, HDL, and total protein levels were found to be lower than the groups applied bee products (P<0.05). TOS, oxidative stress index (OSI), ADMA, NF-κB, glucose, cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, ALT, AST, ALP levels were found to be lower in groups plus of bee products were applied compared to the group that received L-NAME (P<0.05). The results showed that oxidative stress and homeostasis can be regulated with propolis, CAPE and pollen in hypertensive rats induced L-NAME.
A Preliminary Study on the Synthesis of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) with Different Solvents
Authors: Mathew Manjusha Elizabeth , Ahmad Ishak , Thomas Sabu , Kassim Muhammad , Daik Rusli
Published: July 2021

Polyvinyl benzyl chloride (PVBC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride using benzoyl peroxide initiator at 60 °C. PVBC was synthesised in different solvents such as toluene, xylene, 1,4-dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran. The polymers were structurally characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. The thermal property of the polymer was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA).The number average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight and polydispersity index of PVBC synthesised in different solvents were determined and compared by gel permeation chromatography technique.
New Strategy Formation Outlines for The Organizational and Managerial Support of The Southern Federal District Oncology Service Activities
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Mikhalkina Elena V. , Kit Oleg I. ,   FSBI "National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Fomenko Yuri A. ,   FSBI "National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Mikhalkina Daria A. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the new strategy outlines development for organizational and managerial activities support in the framework of the previously support considered areas: personnel policy; assessment of competencies; infrastructure and digital environment; specialized medical care; scientific policy; quality assessment policy. The basis of the methodological framework is formed by the strategic approach in economics and management. During the empirical part of the study, the following methods were used: the method of expert assessments, the method of SWOT analysis. The resources, external and internal factors, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of implementing activities in the field of healthcare institution organizational and managerial support were analyzed on the example of the Federal State Budgetary Institution " NMRC of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation as the " head " organization of the Southern Federal District in the field of "oncology". The instruments of SWOT analysis were carried out in several stages using qualitative and quantitative methods. The article presents a final review of the results of the SWOT analysis, which allows us to draw conclusions about the choice of the contours of organizational and managerial support strategies (the strategy of extreme optimism, which is based on measures to implement existing opportunities, as well as a conservative strategy, which is based on measures that use the strengths of the organization in order to overcome threats). The study confirmed the hypothesis that the contours of the strategy of organizational and managerial support of activities contribute to the strategizing of common goals and objectives and the design of key areas of activity of medical institutions in order to ensure a high level of involvement of employees at all levels in achieving performance indicators and increasing indicators of scientific performance.
Türkiye’nin 2020-2045 Döneminde Ceviz Üretim ve Gereksinim Projeksiyonu
Authors: GÜVENÇ İsmail , PURLU Gürkan
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin cevizde mevcut üretim ile gelecekteki üretim ve gereksinim tahmini incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 1999-2019 döneminde gerçekleşen üretim ve talep verilerinden yararlanarak, 2020-2045 yılı üretim ve gereksinim miktarı tahmin edilmiştir. Türkiye’de ceviz üretim miktarı 1999 yılında 120 bin ton iken, 2019 yılında % 87.50 oranında artarak 225 bin ton olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Türkiye’de bu üretim artışa rağmen, 2019 yılında iç ceviz talebi 289 bin ton olup, Türkiye kendi üretimi ile bu talebi karşılayamamaktadır. Bu nedenle Türkiye ceviz gereksinimini ithalat yoluyla temin etmekte olup, ceviz dış ticaretinde açık vermektedir. Nitekim 2018 yılında Türkiye'nin ceviz ithalatı 103 bin ton iken, ihracatı ise 30 bin ton civarındadır. Türkiye’de meyve veren ağaç sayısı 1999 yılında 3.525 bin adet iken 2019 yılında % 319.18 artışla 11.251 bin adete yükselmiştir. 1999-2019 döneminde ceviz üretimi ile meyve veren ağaç sayısı arasında yüksek düzeyde bir ilişkinin (r=0.870) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aynı dönemde meyve vermeyen ağaç sayısında ise % 769.54 artış olmuştur. İncelemenin sonuçlarına göre 2020-2045 döneminde ceviz üretiminde ve gereksinimde artış olacağı öngörülmektedir. Türkiye’de ceviz üretimi 2045 yılına kadar 550-600 bin tona yükseleceği tahmin edilmektedir. Gereksinim miktarının ise dönemsel eğilim ve talep artışına göre 500-560 bin ton civarında olması öngörülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, 2020-2045 döneminde Türkiye’nin cevizde kendine yeterli bir ülke konumuna geleceği tahmin edilmektedir.
Bazı Çerezlik Kabak Genotiplerinde Morfolojik Değişkenliğin Ortaya Konması
Authors: KAYAK Necibe , TÜRKMEN Önder
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışma, S4 kademesinde ümitvar olarak belirlenmiş 105 adet çerezlik kabak hattında (Cucurbita pepo L.), bazı morfolojik özelliklerin incelenmesi ve genotipler arası yakınlıklar belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada bitki, meyve ve tohum özelliklerine ait bazı gözlem ve ölçümler yapılmıştır. Genotiplerin bitki görünümü %81.9 dik, %15.2 sarılıcı, %0.9 yarı sarılıcı bulurken kol atma derecesi %32.3 zayıf, %47.7’si orta %22.8 fazla, genotiplerde %84.7 kol atma var %15.2 kol atma yok olarak saptanmıştır. Genotiplerin %49.5’i yeşil gövdeli, %37.14’ü açık yeşil, %13,3’ü ise koyu yeşil olarak bulunmuştur. Genotiplerde yaprak, %64.7’si yeşil, %30.4 koyu yeşil, %4.7 açık yeşil renkte; %1.9’u az, %48.5’i orta, %2.8’i fazla, %4.7’si çok fazla dilimli, %41.9’u dilimsiz, olarak tanımlanmıştır. Meyve benek renginde, % 31.4’ü yeşil, %7.6’sı turuncu, %0.9’u sarı, %60’ı krem; benek yoğunluğunda; %73,3’ü az, %24.7’si yoğun, %1.9’u fazla; meyve renginde, %19.0’u krem, %4.7’si sarı, %0.9’u yeşil, %1.9’u yeşil-sarı, %4.7’si koyu-sarı, %28.6’sı açık sarı, %41.9’u turuncu olarak bulunmuştur. Tohumluk meyve boyu; %21.9’u kısa, %38.0’i orta, %40’ı uzun; meyve çapı genotiplerde %62.8’i uzun, %35.23’ü orta, %3.8’i dar olarak bulunmuştur. Genotiplerde meyve iriliği; %14.2’si iri, %36.1’i orta, %50.4’ü küçük, %0.9 küçük-orta olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen verilerle genotipler arasındaki genetik çeşitliliğin belirlenmesi amacıyla, temel bileşenler analizi (PCA) ile cluster analizi yapılmış ve genotiplerin 6 gruba ayrıldığı görülmüştür.
Bazı Yem Bezelyesi (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) Çeşitlerinin Farklı Ekim Zamanlarındaki Tohum Verimi ve Verim Öğelerine Olan Etkileri
Authors: KESKİN Bilal , TEMEL Süleyman , EREN Barış
Published: July 2021

Bu araştırma Iğdır Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkez Müdürlüğüne ait araştırma alanında 2 (iki) yıl süreyle (2018-2019 ve 2019-2020) tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Altı farklı ekim zamanı (Mart ayı başında, Mart ayı sonunda, Nisan ayı başında, Ekim ayı sonu, Kasım ayı başı ve Kasım ayı sonu)’nda, 4 farklı yem bezelyesi (Kirazlı, GAP Pembesi, Özkaynak ve Taşkent) çeşidinin tohum verimi ve bazı verim unsurları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada yem bezelyesi’nin olgunlaşma süresi (OS), bitkide bakla sayısı (BBS), baklada tane sayısı (BTS), biyolojik verim (BV), tohum verimi (TV), saman verimi (SV), hasat indeksi (HI), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA) belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, araştırmanın ikinci yılındaki BBS, BTS, SV, TV ve BV değerleri birinci yıla göre daha yüksek olmuştur. Yem bezelyesinde yüksek biyolojik, tohum ve saman veriminin alınabilmesi için tohum ekimlerinin Mart ayı başında yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Tohum ve saman verimleri bakımından Kirazlı çeşidinin daha iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bölge şartlarında Kirazlı çeşidinin seçilmesi ve bu çeşidin Mart ayı başında ekilmesi durumunda daha yüksek biyolojik, tohum ve saman veriminin elde edileceği belirlenmiştir.
Yerel Diatomit Topraklarının Kokusuz Toz Sarımsak İle Karışımının Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ne Karşı Etkinliği
Authors: GÖKÇE Merve , ISIKBER Ali Arda , SAĞLAM Özgür
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada iki yerel diatomit toprağı preparatının (Detech® ve Demite®) tek başına ve bunların kokusuz sarımsak tozuyla belli oranlardaki karışımlarının Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val. Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)’ne karşı etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla buğday üzerinde 25±1 ˚C sıcaklık ve % 65±5 nispi nem ortamında tek başına iki yerel diatomit topraklarının ve bunların kokusuz sarımsak tozuyla karışımlarının 600, 900 ve 1500 ppm (mg DE/kg ürün) konsantrasyonlarda 7 ve 14 gün süreyle biyolojik testler yürütülmüştür. Mevcut çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre buğday üzerinde tek başına Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı uygulamaları ile Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı ile kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının (E3, E4, E5 ve E6) test edilen böceklere karşı etkinlikleri uygulama konsantrasyonuna ve süresine göre önemli farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmüştür. Düşük konsantrasyonda (600 ppm) genel olarak Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprakların kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının (E5 ve E6) T. confusum erginlerine karşı etkinliklerinin tek başına Demite® diatomit toprağı uygulamasına göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada düşük konsantrasyonda Demite® ve Detech® diatomit toprağı uygulamasına kokusuz sarımsak eklemesinin T. confusum erginlerine karşı etkinliğin artmasına neden olduğu, dolayısıyla bu iki ticari yerel diatomit toprağı ile kokusuz sarımsak karışımlarının düşük konsantrasyonlarda (
Evaluation of the Seed Flow Uniformity of the Fluted Feed Roller Designed for Coarse-Grained Seeds
Authors: KUŞ Emrah , YILDIRIM Yıldıran
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

It is not easy to achieve a successful distribution uniformity pattern for seeds of different physical properties in the seeders with fluted roller metering device. Therefore, improving the flow rate uniformity in fluted roller seeders is still an important research focus. In this study, the nine fluted rollers designed for coarse-grained seeds and with the flute diameters of 18, 20, and 22 mm and the flute depths of 5, 8, and 11 mm were evaluated for dry bean seed. Each fluted roller were operated at the ground speeds of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m s-1 for at the seed rates of 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1. Performance for the flow accuracy of the seeds is taken into account in the evaluations and for this; the values of coefficient of variation were used. The optimum dimensions were determined by applying statistical analyses for the CV values obtained from each replication in the study conducted in three replications. According to the analysis results, it was determined that the prescribed flute diameters do not have a stable effect on the flow accuracy, the flow accuracy partially increased as flute depth was increased, and better as the seed rate and the speed of the feed shaft was increased. In this regard, the optimum dimensions for the best seed flow accuracy were obtained from the flute depth of 8 mm, seed rate of 160 kg ha-1, and at the ground speed of 2.0 m s-1.
A New Record and a New Locality for the Genus Chlorophyllum Massee in Turkey
Authors: UZUN Yasin , KAYA Abdullah
Published: July 2021

This paper was carried out on two secotioid macrofungi taxa within the order Agarigales. One of them, Chlorophyllum lusitanicum G. Moreno, Muñ.-Moh., Manjón, Carlavilla & Altés is reported as new record for Turkish and Asian mycobiota. A new locality was given for the second one, Chlorophyllum agaricoides (Czern.) Vellinga, which is also a rare taxon in Turkey. Chlorophyllum lusitanicum was described briefly, and the localities, voucher numbers are provided together with macro and micro photographs of fruit bodies and basidiospores of both taxa. A synoptic key for Turkish Chlorophyllum was also prepared.
Increasing Efficacy of Enveloped Whole-Virus Vaccines by In situ Immune-Complexing with the Natural Anti-Gal Antibody
Authors: Galili Uri
Published: July 2021

The appearance of variants of mutated virus in course of the Covid-19 pandemic raises concerns regarding the risk of possible formation of variants that can evade the protective immune response elicited by the single antigen S-protein gene-based vaccines. This risk may be avoided by inclusion of several antigens in vaccines, so that a variant that evades the immune response to the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus will be destroyed by the protective immune response against other viral antigens. A simple way for preparing multi-antigenic enveloped-virus vaccines is using the inactivated whole-virus as vaccine. However, immunogenicity of such vaccines may be suboptimal because of poor uptake of the vaccine by antigen-presenting-cells (APC) due to electrostatic repulsion by the negative charges of sialic-acid on both the glycan-shield of the vaccinating virus and on the carbohydrate-chains (glycans) of APC. In addition, glycan-shield can mask many antigenic peptides. These effects of the glycan-shield can be reduced and immunogenicity of the vaccinating virus markedly increased by glycoengineering viral glycans for replacing sialic-acid units on glycans with a-gal epitopes (Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc-R). Vaccination of humans with inactivated whole-virus presenting a-gal epitopes (virusa-gal) results in formation of immune-complexes with the abundant natural anti-Gal antibody that binds to viral a-gal epitopes at the vaccination site. These immune-complexes are targeted to APC for rigorous uptake due to binding of the Fc portion of immunocomplexed anti-Gal to Fcg receptors on APC. The APC further transport the large amounts of internalized vaccinating virus to regional lymph nodes, process and present the virus antigenic peptides for the activation of many clones of virus specific helper and cytotoxic T-cells. This elicits a protective cellular and humoral immune response against multiple viral antigens and an effective immunological memory. The immune response to virusa-gal vaccine was studied in mice producing anti-Gal and immunized with inactivated influenza-virusa-gal. These mice demonstrated 100-fold increase in titer of the antibodies produced, a marked increase in T-cell response, and a near complete protection against challenge with a lethal dose of live influenza-virus, in comparison to a similar vaccine lacking a-gal epitopes. This glycoengineering can be achieved in vitro by enzymatic reaction with neuraminidase removing sialic-acid and with recombinant a1,3galactosyltransferase (a1,3GT) synthesizing a-gal epitopes, by engineering host-cells to contain several copies of the a1,3GT gene (GGTA1), or by transduction of this gene in a replication-defective adenovirus vector into host-cells. Theoretically, these methods for increased immunogenicity may be applicable to all enveloped viruses with N-glycans on their envelope.
Trends in treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Matsuki Ryota , Arai Takaaki , Kogure Masaharu , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: July 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in Japan, and it has gradually decreased in the last quarter century. The reason for the decrease in HCC patients is the decrease of patients with hepatitis C virus due to avoiding unnecessary blood transfusions and development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), which have been available since 2014, along with interferon and oral antiviral agents in Japan. On the other hand, the numbers of HCC patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing. In the treatment strategy for HCC in the Japanese guideline, the algorithm involves five clinicopathological factors: liver function (assessed using the Child-Pugh classification, liver damage score, and the ICG-R15 value), presence of extrahepatic metastases, presence of vascular invasion, number of tumors (within 3 or more than 4), and tumor size (within 3 cm or over 3 cm). Surgical resection is sometimes indicated for extrahepatic metastases in patients with well-controlled intrahepatic HCC, and for advanced HCC with vascular invasion, hepatectomy is also recommended as one of the treatment options according to the results of a nationwide survey in Japan. In the latest Japanese guideline, the recommended chemotherapy for advanced HCC is lenvatinib or sorafenib as first-line and regorafenib as second-line therapy. Currently, based on the results of various clinical trials for advanced HCC, the therapeutic options for advanced HCC have increased, such as combination therapy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and cabozantinib. Reports of conversion surgery after chemotherapy have also increased, and the development of multidisciplinary treatment for advanced HCC will be of further interest in the future.
Muscle Oxidative Capacity in the Arms and Legs of Various Types of Endurance Trained Athletes
Authors: Meyer Patrick , Missao Eduardo , McCully Kevin
Published: July 2021

Our study used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure muscle oxidative capacity (mVmax) in the medial gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, biceps brachii, and wrist flexor muscles in Cross-country (LEG-T) and Swimmer/Rowers (WHOLE-T) and controls. Young male adults: cross-country LEG-Tners (n=6) and swimmers/rowers (n=5), moderately fit (CONTROL, n=7) were tested. mVmax was measured as the rate of post-exercise recovery of oxygen consumption after a short bout of exercise using NIRS. Whole-body peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was determined during a continuous treadmill protocol. The lower limb muscles had 42% higher mVmax than upper limb muscles in all subjects, with significant differences in 10 of 12 pairwise comparisons (p< 0.05). The LEG-T group had higher mVmax values in both legs than CONTROL group (p< 0.05), while the WHOLE-T group had higher mVmax in the vastus lateralis (p = 0.048). There were no differences in the arm muscles of between the groups. The combined mVmax of both leg muscles in all groups correlated with VO2peak (r2=0.597). Muscle oxidative capacity was consistent with training status, and leg mitochondrial capacity correlated with maximal whole body oxidative capacity. These results support the use of NIRS measurements to characterize oxidative capacity in skeletal muscles of athletic populations.
Impact of health educational intervention among pregnant and lactating mothers in a rural field practice area of Bagalkot: A non randomized interventional trial without control
Authors: Mudaraddi Roshan , Desai Sachin , Dorle Ashok S , Mannapur Basavaraj , Kulkarni Praveen
Published: July 2021

: Anemia is very common in Indian subcontinent. In India, according to National Health and Family Survey (NHFS-4), the prevalence of anaemia in India among adolescent girls, 15-19 years is 54.1%. Women during pregnancy are more vulnerable for anemia not only because of the synergistic effects of physiological increase in plasma volume (hemodilution) but also because of increased demand and poor bioavailability of iron in the food.

To find out the impact of health educational intervention on anaemia among pregnant and lactating women.

A non-randomized interventional trial without control study was conducted in the Rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, S.N. Medical college, Bagalkot with the Sample size for pregnant and lactating women is 153, for the period of one year (March 2018- June 2019).

: There is increase in level of knowledge among pregnant and lactating women regarding anemia after health education intervention and was found to be statistically significant by paired t-test.

Health education is one of the cost-effective method in improving the knowledge among pregnant and lactating mothers.
Incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) among infants after immunization with primary doses of scheduled vaccines in district Srinagar (J&K)
Authors: Pandit Mohd Iqbal , Ganaie Nissar Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. However, like other medicinal products, vaccines are not free from adverse reactions. AEFI is any untoward medical occurrence which follows immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine. The reporting of AEFI’s from the routine system is inadequate due to many reasons. Hence this study was conducted to throw some light and provide the baseline data.

To find out the incidence of adverse events following immunization among infants in District Srinagar.

It was a prospective study in which parents of infants receiving vaccines were contacted telephonically after specified time intervals to verify the occurrence of adverse events. The children were followed till 30 days of the administration of vaccines up to measles rubella vaccine.

The incidence of AEFI reported in this study was 23.03% with 95% CI (22.24% to 23.85%). The most frequently reported AEFI was Fever (54.90%, n=1322), followed by Diarrhea (8.30%, n=200) and Vomiting (8.14%, n=196). AEFI were more in frequency during first week of receiving vaccine and most of the parents of children did not report AEFI after 7 days after vaccination.

This study reveals that most of the vaccines associated adverse reactions were of mild and non-serious type and rarely of serious nature, yet proper monitoring of vaccine associated adverse reactions; is too essential. Proper and complete reporting of AEFI’s by field workers needs to be encouraged.
Barriers to being physically active: An exploratory study among medical students
Authors: Dixit Sumeet , Singh Shailendra Pratap , Kariwala Peeyush , Singh Arvind Kumar , Dutt Kandpal Sunil
Published: July 2021

: The health benefits of physical activity are well established. In India, it is estimated that overall, 392 million individuals are physically inactive. This is a staggering figure and implies a huge population, which is at risk for developing diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. Identification of barriers for physical activity among youngsters would help in development of plans for boosting physical activity among young population.

The present study is an attempt to explore various barriers for being active among medical undergraduates.

: The study was conducted at a medical college in Uttar Pradesh. Sample was drawn using convenience sampling. The data collection was done based on “CDC questionnaire on barriers to being active” using self-administered questionnaire. All the participants fulfilling inclusion criteria were asked to fill the forms honestly by choosing the best option describing their barrier for physical activity against each question in the proforma.

A total of 203 MBBS students participated in the study, comprising of 108 males 95 females. The mean age of the participants was 22.02 years (Range 18 years-26 years). The factor which was perceived as the most significant determinant for physical inactivity was “lack of willpower”. Other significant contributors were “lack of resources”, “lack of energy”, “social influence”, “lack of skills” and “fear of injury” in decreasing order of importance. The sum scores of seven barriers studied were significantly correlated (p<0.01) to each other with strong correlations. The highest correlations were noted between “Lack of will power and Social Influence” (0.682) and “Lack of skills and Social influence” (0.630) and weakest correlation was noted between “Fear of Injury” and Lack of will power” (0.218).
Growth prediction methods: A review
Authors: Agarwal Vishakha , Tandon Ragni , Singh Kamlesh , Chandra Pratik , Agarwal Swati
Published: July 2021

Growth prediction is an estimation of the amount of growth to be expected. In orthodontics the term refers to the estimation of amount and direction of growth of the bones of the craniofacial skeletal and overlying soft tissues. Successful prediction requires specifying both the amount and the direction of growth, in relation to the reference point. Estimation of dentofacial growth must consider the increments, vectors, area, duration and timing of growth accessions. All these are subjected to the changes in growth pattern
Measurement of inter radicular bone width in different growth patterns for determining safe zone for placement of miniscrew implants – A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Kulshrestha Rohit , Sarje Sagar , Despande Rahul , Ashtekar Srinivas , Gajapurada Jagadeesh , Ranjan Alok , Shah Krina
Published: July 2021

To measure the inter-radicular spaces in both arches for miniscrew implant placement and to determine the most reliable sites using CBCT.

A CBCT radiograph was taken for 75 subjects that met with inclusion criteria. They were divided into 3 categories- Hypodivergent, average, and hyperdivergent group. Images were calibrated by using software and printed as a film. Interradicular space on the right side of the jaw was measured in the sagittal plane after assuming the jaw to be symmetrical. Bucco-lingual and mesiodistal width were measured up to desired bone levels.

In vertical growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 2nd premolar and 1st molar at 7mm. In the mandible, it was between the 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. In horizontal growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 1st and 2nd premolar, and mandible it was between 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. In average growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 2nd premolar and 1st molar and 1st molar at 7mm. In the mandible, it was between the 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm.

The importance of the relationship between the growth pattern and the availability of inter radicular space may aid the clinician in planning appropriate surgical sites for miniscrew implant placement.
Evaluation of effect of PowerScopeTM class II corrector on skeletal, dental and Oro-pharyngeal airway dimension in Skeletal class II cases - A controlled prospective clinical study
Authors: Mendigeri Vijaylaxmi , Ganeshkar Sanjay , Ramdurg Praveen , Singh Shruti , Grover Nishi , Yadav Juhi
Published: July 2021

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PowerScope (Class II Corrector) on skeletal, dental and oro-pharyngeal airway dimensions in class II malocclusion with retrusive mandible.

Twenty patients with age group of 11 to 14 were selected for this study. Experimental group underwent Power scope class II corrector therapy and control group, alignment of only upper arch respectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken in both experimental group and control group before and after 6 month of treatment. Sixteen measurements in that eight skeletal, five dental and three pharyngeal airway were assessed to know the effect of PowerScope Class II corrector on skeletal, dental and pharyngeal airway

PowerScope Class II corrector after treatment showed significant change in SNB (P = 0.01*), ANB (P=0.001*), Inferior airway space (IAS) (P=0.006*), lower incisors position (P=0.0001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) where as these values were insignificant on comparison with control group except for lower incisors position (P=0.001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) indicating that PowerScope corrects class II malocclusion mainly by dento alveolar changes not have significant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway.

Power Scope (Class II corrector) corrects skeletal class II malocclusion mainly by dental changes and has insignificant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway.
Aspects of pharmacognostic evaluation of the herbs for a traditional antimalarial (maloff-hb) powdered formulation in ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunkunle A.T.J. , Ideh J.E. , Olaniran G.F. , Olu F.O.
Published: July 2021

Maloff-HB is a documented traditional oral powdered herbal drug in Ogbomoso, Nigeria whose botanical constituents, ascorbic acid and mineral elements composition have been quantified but there is inadequate information on the pharmacognostic properties of the nine herbal materials for its formulation. This study therefore sought to elucidate the bark and wood anatomy of eight of the nine herbs used in the formulation, and identify the diagnostic markers for their authentication. The conventional anatomical techniques of transverse sectioning (TS) and tissue maceration (TIM) were used to draw out 21 characteristics from the root barks of the eight woody species studied. In addition, 41 features of the wood in the roots of three of the species were drawn using TS, transverse longitudinal sectioning (TLS), radial longitudinal sectioning (RLS) and TIM. Following staining, mounting and microscopic examinations, the observed qualitative and quantitative features were taxonomically described in accordance with the provisions of International Association of Wood Anatomists, and their diagnostic values among the medicinal herbs were explored. Bark anatomical markers that are clearly diagnostic of the species studied included features of the secondary cortex, phloem rays, axial parenchyma, sclereids and resin ducts. In the wood, these included features of the vessels in the TS and variable ray characteristics in the TLS. The two artificial keys obtained from discontinuities in qualitative and quantitative features observed in the barks and the woods are useful tools for reliable identification of the herbal materials studied.
Molecular docking studies of 1,3,4 -thiadiazoles as myeloperoxidase inhibitors
Authors: Vadivelu Annapoorna
Published: July 2021

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heterodimeric, cationic and glycosylated haeme enzyme which gets released under increased oxidative stress producing neutrophil oxidant, hypochlorous acid having the capacity to modify various biomolecules by chlorination and/or oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in proteins causing their inactivation and promoting inflammatory tissue damage. Different levels of hypochlorus acid are used as a trait marker for prescribing the disorders e.g. atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lung cancer, Immuno-reactivity.

Mini library of 22500 2,5disubstituted 1,3,4 thiadiazoles were docked with Myeloperoxidase in order to identify the potent inhibitor against the enzyme. The chemical nature of the protein and ligands greatly influence the performance of docking process. Keeping this fact in view, critical evaluation of the performance was performed by GLIDE by HTVS, SP and XP. The ADME parameters by QIKPROP and protein-ligand binding free energies were calculated using the Prime/MM-GBSA module of Schrödinger.

Both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions contributed significantly for its ligand binding and core influence the target site through prominent hydrophobic and charged interaction with the backbone and side chain residues in the target site that improves the affinity of the molecule. The compound selected as potent inhibitor is having minimum binding affinity, maximum GScore and minimum FlexX energy. The amino acids residues ASP98, ASP94, THR100 and GLU 102 in the MPO gene domain active site form hydrogen bonds with the ligand. Compounds 3350-5150 showed better interaction with haeme enzyme for further understanding of structures, reliability and Biomolecularactivityy in connection with oxidative stress induced disorders.
The Test of Implicit Attitudes Towards Persons with Visual, Intellectual and Motor Disabilities (IAT-VIMD): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kurtek Paweł
Published: July 2021

The implicit attitudes, compared to explicit attitudes moderated by social pressure, play a dominant role in everyday interactions with disabled persons. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to present the development of Implicit Attitudes Test toward Persons with Visual, Intellectual, and Motor Disabilities (IAT-VIMD). It has been developed to compare the favorization vs devaluation tendency towards non-disabled and disabled adults. We applied photographs showing people in everyday situations to assure spontaneous reactions of the respondents. Ninety-two respondents aged 19–22 years took part in the research. The procedure is based on the IAT (Implicit Association Test) index, developed by Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz (1998), i.e. the difference in response time to affective compatible vs non-compatible signals. Statistical analysis confirmed the content validity based on the Competent Judges’ agreement as regards the type of disability, the level of visibility and the level of overall life activity of the object. The external validity was verified with The Conditional Respect for Persons with Disabilities Questionnaire (CRPD-Q) by Kurtek (2018). Next the absolute stability of the test was proved. The presented IAT-VIMD meets the psychometric criteria of content and theoretical validity as well as reliability, and has the potential to become a useful measure of implicit attitudes towards adults with visual, motor and intellectual disabilities in various social groups. The discussion points to the test’s limitations and recommendations for future development and use. In particular, a need for further research on the external validity of the test has been emphasized.
Die Antwort der Katholischen Kirche auf die Frage der Personen mit lebensverkürzenden Erkrankungen im Licht des Schreibens der Glaubenskongregation Samaritanus bonus und im Kontext des Urteils des polnischen Verfassungsgerichts vom 22.10.2020
Authors: Kuciński Andrzej
Published: July 2021

Stanowisko Kościoła katolickiego wobec osób z wadami letalnymi w świetle dokumentu Samaritanus bonus kongregacji nauki wiary w kontekście wyroku polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 22 października 2020 r.

Wyrok polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 22 października 2020 r. w sprawie niezgodności z konstytucją przesłanki o ciężkim i nieodwracalnym uszkodzeniu płodu jako wskazania do aborcji wywołał gwałtowne protesty. W centrum sporu znajduje się postępowanie w przypadku wad letalnych, które dla wielu są niedopuszczalnym złem i powodem do aborcji. W przeciwieństwie do tego Kościół od zawsze staje na gruncie bezwarunkowego szacunku dla życia każdego człowieka. Wychodząc od wspomnianego wyroku Trybunału, niniejszy artykuł dotyczy etycznego zbadania kwestii osób z chorobami letalnymi w świetle nowego dokumentu Kongregacji Nauki Wiary Samaritanus bonus, a także w szerszej perspektywie − dotychczasowego nauczania Kościoła.

Das Urteil des polnischen Verfassungsgerichts vom 22.10.2020 bzgl. der Nichtkonformität der embryopatischen Indikation zur Abtreibung mit der Verfassung hat heftige Proteste ausgelöst. Im Zentrum der Auseinandersetzung befindet sich der Umgang mit lebensverkürzenden Erkrankungen, die für viele ein unannehmbares Übel und einen Grund für Abtreibung darstellen. Demgegenüber steht die Kirche seit jeher auf dem Boden des voraussetzungslosen Respekts vor dem Leben einer jeden menschlichen Person. Im folgenden Artikel geht es darum, im Ausgang vom polnischen Gerichtsurteil der Frage der Personen mit lebensverkürzenden Krankheiten ethisch nachzugehen, und zwar im Lichte eines neuen Dokuments der Glaubenskongregation Samaritanus bonus sowie in weiterer Perspektive der bisherigen kirchlichen Lehrverkündigung.
Towarzyszenie człowiekowi w obliczu śmierci. Aspekty moralne
Authors: Banaszak Ewa
Published: July 2021

Przedmiotem publikacji jest zagadnienie towarzyszenia człowiekowi umierającemu. Śmierć jako ostatnia faza życia ludzkiego jest niezaprzeczalnym faktem, a przejście do życia wiecznego stanowi niezwykle istotne wydarzenie dla osób wierzących. Szczególnym wezwaniem w obecnym czasie jest uczynienie z niej wydarzenia ludzkiego pośród procedur medycznych, lęków i marginalizacji. Rozpoznanie procesu umierania jawi się jako ważny element w rozpoczęciu przygotowania chorego do śmierci oraz towarzyszenia rodziny w tym misterium. W tym celu wskazano także na konkretne umiejętności przydatne w opiece terminalnej. W toku badań zwrócono również uwagę na odpowiedzialność personelu medycznego za przekazanie informacji o możliwości nadejścia śmierci oraz na uwrażliwienie chorego i jego rodziny na czas umierania. Przyjęcie śmierci i akceptacja odchodzenia z tego świata staje się podstawową wskazówką przywrócenia temu wydarzeniu humanistycznego wymiaru pośród procedur medycznych zwłaszcza w obliczu szczególnego przejawu industrializacji umierania, którym stał się czas pandemii, uniemożliwiający właściwe relacje rodziny z chorym.
Percepção do enfermeiro acerca das circunstâncias de procura de idosos portadores de hipertensão pela atenção básica
Authors: Dias Ernandes Gonçalves , Mishima Silvana Martins
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A maior parte dos atendimentos destinados aos idosos portadores de hipertensão ocorre na Atenção Básica, assim é importante conhecer as necessidades desses usuários na procura pelo serviço. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção do enfermeiro acerca das circunstâncias de procura dos idosos portadores de hipertensão pela Atenção Básica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo realizado com 11 enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Básica de Monte Azul, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados entre novembro/2016 e janeiro/2017 por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise e interpretação dos dados foi realizada à luz do suporte teórico da integralidade do cuidado mediante Análise Temática. Resultados: Indicaram que na maioria das vezes o idoso busca a Unidade de Saúde para mensuração da pressão e renovação da receita. Apesar de realizar atendimento programado, muitas vezes, a procura se dá por demanda espontânea. Quando não tem relação direta com a alteração da pressão, ainda assim, é avaliado considerando o fato de ser um usuário portador de hipertensão. Conclusão: Há indício de integralidade quando acompanham os idosos em todas as oportunidades para orientá-los, como pode representar uma atuação com foco sobre a condição de saúde, onde a valorização da “doença” sobrepõe a valorização do sujeito.
Perfil de pacientes ambulatoriais com risco cardiovascular e com doença arterial coronariana em Juína-MT
Authors: Lauriano Joas , Kutz Nyvian , Santos Juliana , Chimello Marianne , Sousa Nathalie , Portes Leslie , Murino Glaucia , Salgueiro Marcia
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil de pacientes ambulatoriais com risco cardiovascular e portadores de doença arterial coronariana.Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 59 pacientes utilizando um questionário estruturado para obtenção das variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos alimentares, qualidade e estilo de vida e aferição de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial.Resultados: A idade média foi de 50,8 anos (±10,8), 57,6% eram do sexo feminino, 89,9% tinham excesso de peso, 61% pertenciam a classe socioeconômica D-E e 45,8% tinham estilo de vida bom.  100% realizavam café da manhã, 93,2% consumiam feijão, 72,9% verduras e legumes e 88,1% bebidas adoçadas. O estilo de vida se correlacionou com o Índice de Massa Corporal (-0,503) (p < 0,001) com o escore total de qualidade de vida (0,619) (p < 0,001) e com a classe socioeconômica (0,569) (p < 0,001).Conclusão: Os participantes apresentaram alta prevalência de excesso de peso, eram em sua maioria mulheres, com baixa classe socioeconômica e apresentavam estilo e qualidade de vida bons. Aqueles com melhor estilo de vida apresentaram melhores parâmetros antropométricos e maior classe socioeconômica. O estilo de vida, o consumo de frutas frescas e o baixo consumo de álcool foram fatores preditores da qualidade de vida.
Aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adolescentes de escolas públicas e particulares
Authors: Piola Thiago Silva , Pacífico Ana Beatriz , Bozza Rodrigo , Campos Jhonatan Gritten , Silva Michael Pereira , Campos Wagner
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: verificar a associação do sexo com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (AC) de adolescentes de escolas públicas e particulares. Materiais e métodos: estudo com adolescentes de Curitiba (n = 349) e São José dos Pinhais (n = 418), Paraná, Brasil. Sexo e idade foram reportados pelos adolescentes. Também foram considerados o estado nutricional e o nível socioeconômico. A AC foi determinada pelo teste de vai-e-vem de 20 metros. As associações foram testadas com a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: alunos de escolas públicas têm mais chances de estarem na zona saudável da AC (RP: 1,769; IC95%: 1,303 – 2,403; p = 0,001). Meninos de escolas particulares e públicas apresentaram mais chances de estarem na zona saudável em relação as meninas (RP: 2,926; IC95%: 1,578 – 5,426; p = 0,001 e RP: 4,085; IC95%: 2,632 – 6,340, p = 0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão: alunos de escolas públicas apresentaram maior probabilidade de estarem em níveis saudáveis de AC.