bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Comprehensive Utilization on the Steel Slag
Authors: Zhang Wei Pan , Hao Su Ju , Jiang Wu Feng , Ren Qian Qian , Zhang Yu Zhu
Published: January 2014

At present steel industry is obtained a rapid development in China. More and more steel slag is accumulated. How to deal with steel slag becomes a hot problem. In this paper, the source, composition and characteristics of steel slag are introduced firstly. Then the methods of comprehensive utilization on the steel slag are summarized. Finally the problems are put up and the development trend of steel slag utilization is prospected according to the present situation of comprehensive utilization of steel slag.
The Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on AHP on the Distribution of Rail Transport
Authors: Zhang Kai , Si Bing Feng
Published: January 2014

The paper uses the method of AHP to evaluate weights of the scheme evaluating factors, and adopts fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate different scheme according to the character of scheme evaluation
Analysis on the Skyline of Cities close to Waters
Authors: Wan Hui
Published: January 2014

The skyline is the symbol of the cultural taste of a city and material reflection of facts of the urban life; the human emotion it contains is worth being taken seriously. A city is built for the purpose to create a harmonious space for production, living and recreation. By means of urban planning, we control the city to make it undergo healthy development. The urban skyline is the most intuitionistic representation of the humans urban construction achievements. we should pay attention to the urban skyline, make it specific by undertaking in-depth planning, architecture and landscape design, combine with the geographical features and cultural advantages and finally form the ideal urban space with different characteristics.
Study on Prediction Model of Dynamic Resilient Modulus of Cohesive Subgrade Soils Considering Moisture Variation
Authors: Li Zhi Yong , Zou Jing Rong , Dong Cheng
Published: January 2014

The matric suctions were measured by the filter paper method, and the parameters of soil-water characteristic curve were obtained. In order to investigate the effect of moisture content on cohesive subgrade soils dynamic resilient modulus, a series of dynamic-triaxial test were carried out. Based on the matric suctions measured by the filter paper method, the relationship between dynamic resilient modulus and matric suctions were analyzed. The study demonstrated that the dynamic resilient modulus values decrease with the increase of circular deviator stress and moisture content, in reverse of matric suctions. Considering that the dynamic resilient modulus is a function of deviator stress and bulk stress, based on the present three parameters compound constitutive model which reflects the effect of bulk stress and deviator stress, the effect of matric suctions which could indirectly reflect the effect of moisture content was introduced. And then the prediction model incorporating the effect of stress and moisture for cohesive subgrade soils was established. The model was utilized for experimental data regression analysis, a high coefficient of determination shows that the model is accurate and credible. The prediction models not only can evaluate the long-term performance of subgrade soil in Southern China's rainy areas, but also can provide parameters for the pavement design based on dynamic method.
On the Stress Responses in Butt Joint under Izod Impact Testing
Authors: You Min , Liu Kai , Li Xiang , Wu Ling , Li Mei
Published: January 2014

The response of the equivalent stress (Seqv) in adhesively bonded steel butt joint and the adhesive bondline during Izod impact test is studied using the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS. The results obtained show that the highest value of the stressSeqvalmost higher than the yield strength of the adherend reached within about 0.1 ms. The contour diagram of the stressSeqvis symmetrical to the axis along the half height of the specimen both in whole adhesively bonded steel butt joint and the adhesive layer. The peak value of theSeqvin adhesive increases first and then decreased when the action of the impact was over. The stressSeqvin both ends of the specimen kept to a relative lower value during impact procedure.
Laboratory Evaluation for Pavement Performance of Rock Modified Asphalt and its Mixture
Authors: Cao Xing Song , Tang Guo Qi , Liu Shi Xiong , Yang Xio Qiang , Chen Bo
Published: January 2014

The compatibility of rock asphalt modification agent and matrix asphalt was excellent, while different contents of the rock asphalt had great influence on the mechanics properties of mixture. Based on the aggregate grade of the AC-20 mixture, the mechanical properties of the matrix asphalt mixtures and the rock asphalt mixtures with different quantities of rock asphalt were studied by laboratory tests, including the high-temperature stability, low-temperature anti-cracking performance and water stability. This research is to give reference for the proper rock asphalt quantity of the mixture.
Finite Element Analysis of Wire Net Concrete Beam-Supported Aqueduct
Authors: Liu Ke Ding
Published: January 2014

Aqueduct is a common water conveyance buildings, this paper adopts finite element method to carry out three-dimensional finite element simulation analysis for Shengli wire net concrete beam-supported aqueduct. Researching variation law of the aqueducts stress and displacement in construction process and operating process, the research results offer some reference for design and construction of reinforced concrete U-shaped beam-supported aqueduct. The analysis results show Shengli reinforced concrete aqueduct structure is economic and reasonable, structure is safe and reliable.
Wind Tunnel Test Study of Estimation Method on Peak Wind Pressure of Low-Rise Buildings
Authors: Duan Min , Wang Jia Qi , Wang Xiu Zhen , Li Ping Shi
Published: January 2014

In response to the estimation of the peak values of wind pressure on the maintenance structure, the results with TTU low-rise building standard model of different methods are analyzed and compared. The results show: the results of peak-to-average method and Cook & Mayne method are very close for the long sample estimation of the peak values of wind pressure, the former is the most ideal method for estimation of extreme wind pressure; For short sample estimation, the peak-to-average method fails because the sampling is not long enough, but the Cook & Mayne method can estimate accurate peak value of wind pressure by the short sample (the corresponding prototype time not less than 600s); The peak factor method based on the assumption of normal distribution is not applicable to low-rise building and the results are relatively dangerous.
Design of Rice Transplanter
Authors: Zhou Sheng Cai , You Da Zhang , Chen Jiao
Published: January 2014

This text mainly completed the design of rice transplanters transplanting mechanism and the driving mechanism. Transplanting mechanism, the main working parts in rice transplanter, determines the quality and efficiency of mechanical planting. The paper adopts the crank rocker mechanism as a transplanting mechanism with a simple design and a high quality of planting. Driving mechanism can make the device operate accurately and reliably in a given trajectory and state. The driving mechanism driven by the diesel engine will transmit the power to the worm shaft through the coupler. Operated by the worm gear and worm drive, the power will be transmitted to the crank on the crank rocker of the transplanting mechanism through the chain transmission, making the cranks planting action in a given fixed path, then ensuring that the seedling smoothly and inserted straightly.
Numerical Calculation of Aerodynamic Noise for the Nose Cone Surface in High Speed Airflow Field
Authors: Zheng Ai Jian , Niu Feng , Zhu Hai Jiang
Published: January 2014

This paper presents two nose cones models and their numerical calculation of aerodynamic noise in high speed airflow field combining the analysis theory of fluid dynamics with the acoustic boundary element analysis method. The noise sound pressure levels (SPL) of these two models are calculated under the different speed airflow. And we compare the SPL of the better model with that of commercial nose cone models. These simulated results show that the aerodynamic noise of the nose cone with a ellipsoid head has lower flow-induced noise than that of commercial nose cone models at relative high air flow velocities at most frequencies.
New Non-Grid Wind Power Desalination Systems Research
Authors: Wang Gang , Shi Jian Zhong
Published: January 2014

the large-scale application of non-grid-connected wind power in sea water desalination industry has not only solved the difficulty in grid connection of wind power, but also can be an inexhaustible clean energy supply for the sea water desalination. Such application, breaking through the traditional sea water desalination technology and wind power development ideas and realizing the 100% local use of renewable energies, is a perfect combination of the new energy industry and the power consumption industry. The large-scale industrialization application of non-grid-connected wind power sea water desalination can not only maximize the efficiency of wind power and realize the unification of social benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit, but also is of great strategic significance in accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode of China, and meanwhile, plays a leading role in the diversified development of the world wind power industry.
1. High-energy consumption factors restrict the development of sea water desalination
Sea water desalination is a source-opening incremental technology for realizing the utilization of water resources, which can increase the total amount of fresh water and is not limited by time, space and climate with good water quality, and can guarantee the stable water supply of drinking water for coastal residents and industrial water supplementation. Since sea water desalination is the substitutional and incremental technology of fresh water resources, many countries are attaching more and more importance on it. With the rapid development of the economy and society of China, especially with the acceleration of urbanization, some coastal developed areas and large cities near the sea are having a greater and greater demand on water resources. In this condition, the development of sea water desalination has a great strategic significance in the supplementation of water resources in the sustainable development process of these areas[1,2].
Design and Performance of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT)
Authors: Bufares Ahmed Mohamed , Elmnefi Mohamed Salem
Published: January 2014

The design of blade of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) has been conducted using model which developed based on blade element momentum theory. The performance of the turbine has been predicted using the same model. Moreover, the improvements of the model have been suggested. To accomplish the design and predict the performance of horizontal axis wind turbine, numerical code has been implemented; the performance of the turbine with and without improvements has been compared with published date. Based on the results presented more improvements have been suggested
Thermal Structure Analysis and Optimization of the Feeding System of the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor
Authors: Jiang Jun Hai , Ye Guo Yun , Xu Yue Tong
Published: January 2014

Because of its high dynamic response speed and acceleration, high rigidity and positioning accuracy, the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is able to meet the requirements of high-speed precision CNC machine tools. However, its thermal problems have seriously hampered its development. This paper establishes a PMLSM temperature field model, designs a cooling structure, determines the boundary conditions of the finite element model and conducts computer simulation of the model. The result shows that the designed cooling structure can effectively alleviate the motors thermal problems.
Evaluation the Role of Multi-Stage Compression and Waste Heat Recovery on Compressed Air Energy Storage System Performance
Authors: Guo Zuo Gang , Deng Guang Yi , Chu Pan , Chen Guang Ming
Published: January 2014

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) has the potential to improve the quality of renewable electricity from wind and solar. The non-continuous electricity from wind and solar can be stored in terms of compressed air energy, which can be released at peak time of state grid. In this paper, the influences of multi-stage compression and waste heat recovery on characteristic of CAES system were investigated. Results indicated that the adoption of multi-stage compression technology obviously reduced its heat rate, and the adoption of heat recovery improved its energy conversion efficiency. Among the three compression cases in this paper, the compression power consumed per kilogram air for the single-stage compression process was 890.83Kj/Kg, while which of the three-stage compression process with inter-cooler reduced to 524.82Kj/Kg. Meanwhile, the CAES system with three-stage compression and heat recovery had a low heat rate of 3974Kj/Kw.h and a high energy conversion efficiency of 59.92%.
Parameter Design and Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Magnetic Force Actuator Based on Visual Basic Interface Programming
Authors: Bi Ying Hua , Dong En Yuan , Yin Guang Xiao , Xu Jia Yuan , Liu Mei Wei
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the magnetic force actuator (MFA), a new type of actuator, is applied for long stroke driving with simple structure and high reliability. Ansys and Matlab are adopted to study its static and dynamic characteristics and conduct parameter design. The static simulation concludes static magnetic field, end shield material, structure size of permanent magnet and processing deviation of the actuator, which will impact the characteristics of the actuator in varying degrees. Then the state equations describing the dynamic characteristics of MFA are solved by four-order Runge-kutta method and finite-element method. Interactive interface of the APDL-file and M-file and Macrosoft Visual Basic (VB) is designed to combine Ansys and Matlab to realize optimization design of structure parameters, which simplifies the operation methods and enhances the efficiency. The dynamic simulation results show its good work performance compared with the experiment characteristics of practical 40.5kV SF6 circuit breaker with the spring mechanism.
An Assessment of Interatomic Potentials for Yittria-Stablized Zirconia
Authors: Yin Chao , Ye Fei , Yin Chun Yu , Ou Ding Rong , Mori Toshiyuki
Published: January 2014

Six interatomic potentials based on Buckingham potential form for yttria-stablized zirconia have been critically assessed by predicting lattice constants, dielectric constants, and elastic properties using the mean-field approach. The content of Y2O3is set to the range from 8 to 24 mol%. It has been found out that no potential can reproduce all the fundamental properties. Taking all the simulation and comparison results into consideration, the potential of Butler (1981) displays the highest fidelity, and the potential of Lewis (1985) shows the widest range of applicability.
Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Filler Used for Electromagnetic Shielding Materials
Authors: Wang Rui , Yang Hui , Wang Jing Ling , Ma Zong Qing , Li Feng Xiu
Published: January 2014

In present work, two conductive filler (carbon fiber with Nickel (Ni) coatings and carbon fiber with Nickel/Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Ni/Fe3O4-NPs) composite coatings) were prepared by electrodeposition. Microstructure observation indicated that the coatings were deposited uniformly on the surface of fiber. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding test showed that the two conductive filler has good saturation magnetization and EMI shielding effectiveness.The conductive filler of carbon fiber with Ni/Fe3O4-NPs composite coatings was more excellent. They are promising for application in electromagnetic shielding materials.
Preparation and Analysis of Novel Thermoelectric Material (SrxCa1-x)3Co4O9
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhang Li Peng , Li Yan
Published: January 2014

Nanometer-sized (SrxCa1-x)3Co4O9powders were prepared using the sol-gel process. Two Ca-Co-O ceramic thermoelectric materials were then prepared and characterized with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the ceramic materials were studied. The experimental results showed that the crystals of (SrxCa1-x)3CO4grew into materials with high density and low pore rate under optimal Sr-doped conditions. The (SrxCa1-x)3Co4O9ceramic materials contain directional arrays with cube-shaped grains in a layered arrangement. The crystals were fully developed and the interface between layers was clear-cut. The thermoelectric properties of (SrxCa1-x)3Co4O9ceramics were greatly improved, with high Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity. The Seebeck Coefficient positively correlated with the rise of temperature.
Study on the Cooling System of Super-Capacitors for Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Xia Zheng Peng , Zhou Chen Quan , Shen Dan , Ni Hong Jun , Yuan Yin Nan , Ping Liao
Published: January 2014

The heating mechanism of the capacitor is researched, the air cooling structure is designed of the capacitors, the model of the cooling of the capacitors is established for the heating phenomenon occurs during the charging and discharging process for super capacitors in series of hybrid electric vehicle. The model of the cooling is simulated based on the software of Star CCM +. The results of experiment show that the maximum temperature difference is less than 5°C among the capacitors, which ensures the consistency of the capacitors working temperature and proves the capacitors work substantially well.
The Research and Implementation of the Mid-Frequency Power
Authors: Pei Su Ping , Wu Bi Rui
Published: January 2014

This paper discusses the research and implementation of the mid-frequency power (MFP). The paper analyzes the present research situation and the existence question of 400Hz mid-frequency power supply. Then the research of full digital control realization process of mid-frequency power supply with high power factor and multiple closed-loop feedback (MCLF) is given. The principle and characteristic of the closed-loop control system are provided. Finally the experimental prototype taking DSP of TMS320F2812 type as control device is developed. The experimental results verify the rationality .
Optimal Operation of Micro-CHP Systems for a Single-Family House in Italy
Authors: Mongibello Luigi , Bianco Nicola , Caliano Martina , Graditi Giorgio , Musto Marilena
Published: January 2014

In this work the scheduling optimization of micro-CHP systems producing electricity and heat for a single-family house situated in Italy is addressed. Three different commercial prime movers have been analyzed separately, and for each of them the operation scheduling that maximizes the revenues for the energy cogeneration with respect to the separate generation has been evaluated by means of an optimization algorithm.
Optimal Distribution of Gases in Integrated Iron and Steel Works
Authors: Zhang Qi , Shen Yin Hua , Wang Yun Long , Li Hong Liang
Published: January 2014

This paper analyzes the optimizing distribution problems between the by-product gas in gas tank and self-contained boiler in electric power plant in the iron and steel plant. We discuss factors which have effect on operating costs, such as the control of gas tank position, the change of fuel load of self-contained boiler in electric power plant, price change of outsourcing fuels and so on. We set corresponding penalty function in iron and steel company as well as establish the optimizing mathematical model in gas supply system according to these questions. It can be known through solving the model that the gap of gas supply and consumption can be solved by optimizing distribution between gas tank and self-contained boiler in electric power plant. After that, reducing the consumption of purchased fuels amount and the frequent changes of fuels load in boiler, improving the efficiency of power generation, achieving zero-emission, making the gas supply system operates securely, economically and stably can realize.
Numerical Study on the Influence of the Corner Curvature of Circular Micropillar on Microdroplet Size via a Dewetting Process
Authors: Dwiyantoro Bambang Arip
Published: January 2014

The influence of the corner curvature of circular micropillar on microdroplet formation by a dewetting process was numerically investigated. The diameter of the microdroplets is mainly determined by the capillary effect and viscous force contributed by the wetted surface i.e. on the top surface of micropillar magnifies, which slows down the movement of water front attached to the top surface of micropillar. The numerical simulations showed that the corner curvature of the micropillars play an important role in determining the flow pattern of the dewetting process, especially the evolution and movement of the meniscus across the micropillar before a microdroplet is formed. The water front on the top surface of micropillar with right-angle corner moves much slower than that on the micropillar with round corner. The numerical results also indicate that the curvature radius (r) on circular micropillar is one of the parameters governing the size of the microdroplets formed on the top surface of the micropillars after the dewetting process, while the microdroplet diameter decreases with the increase of the dimensionless of curvature corner.
Performance of Conical Diffuser on Liquid Jet Gas Ejector
Authors: Sugati Daru , Indarto Indarto , Purnomo Purnomo , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: January 2014

Liquid gas ejector uses liquid as the motive fluid and gas as the entrained fluid. The presence of gas in the liquid reduces the performance of the ejector, especially the diffuser. To observe the effect of entrained gas on the diffuser performance, a series of experiment was conducted.In this research, the motive flow rate was varied from 1.52 to 2.02 l/s and the entrained rate from 0.118 l/s to 0.944 l/s. Its effects on the pressure profile and pressure recovery were observed. If the entrained rate increase, the pressure of the throat upstream, as well as downstream, increase. In the diffuser, longer distance is needed for the pressure to reach its final value. Pressure recovery is mainly affected by void fraction. The higher the void fraction the lower the pressure recovery coefficient
An Investigation into the Effect of Drag Coefficient on Overtaking of Car
Authors: Al Homoud S.S. , Harmanto Dani , Oraifige Ilias
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this report is the effect of the drag coefficient on the car when it is travelling on the road and at different positions while overtaking. The investigation uses SolidWorks Flow simulation software to conduct CFD [. A car and truck has been designed in actual dimensions using SolidWorks. After performing the validation of the software, the simulation is performed having the car in four different positions. The results will determine the drag coefficient and how it is affected in the different positions.
Effects of Pine Oil on Dynamics of Bubble in Froth Flotation
Authors: Warjito Warjito , Kautsar Indra Pranata Al
Published: January 2014

Dynamics of bubble in froth flotation have been studied. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of pine oil on the dynamics of small bubble in froth flotation. Dynamics of bubble is an important parameter which determines flotation eficiency. Acrylic pipe was setup as a flotation column and equipped with image capture and lighting equipments. Later on, bubble was generated by a nozzle. A different nozzle size and pine oil concentrations were used in this experiment. Eventually, the dynamics of the bubble were captured by camera and the images were then processed by image processing software. Therefore, bubbles size and its position can be determined. The results indicate that bubble movement can be divided into three stages: acceleration, deceleration and terminal velocity. It is also indicated that pine oil modify surface tension; hence the bubble size become smaller and its velocy decrease. Moreover, pine oil induces the bubble to reach terminal velocity faster then bubble in water wthout pine oil. Therefore, it can be concluded that pine oil affects bubble dynamics significantly.
Study on Auto-Ignition Behavior of Lubricating Oil in a Cone Calorimeter
Authors: Siregar Muhammad Andira Mulia , Nugroho Yulianto Sulistyo
Published: January 2014

Auto-ignition behavior of lubricating oil is studied experimentally using a cone calorimeter. Based on its Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), the adopted lubricating oil has a flash point temperature of 228°C, The measurement of auto-ignition behavior was carried at atmospheric pressure in range of temperature between 350°C to 550°C. In this work, the optical density of smoke resulting from the combustion process was measured at auto-ignition temperature. The result of this study shows that the auto-ignition behavior of lubricating oil is strongly depend on conditions of gas mixture, i.e. oil vapor, nitrogen, and oxygen mixtures. The lubricating oil started to ignite at irradiance temperature of cone heater at 500°C with a measured heat flux value of 16,7 kW/m2. At lower temperatures ignition of the mixture occured by piloted igniton sources. No ignition was observed at temperature less than 350°C. At higher irradiance temperature and heat flux (550°C and 21,1 kW/m2), auto-ignition occured at shorter time to ignition and producing higher value of smokes optical density of 1 - 1.4 m-1.
The Effect of Water Droplet Size on the Extinguished Concentric Jet Premixed and Diffusion Flame
Authors: Sasongko Mega Nur
Published: January 2014

The present research experimentally investigated the effect of different water droplet size on the burning behavior and extinction condition of concentric jet premixed and diffusion flame. Water droplet stream in line with flowing air from lower duct. The burning behavior of concentric jet flame was observed and the extinction of flame was gained by decreasing the flow rate of fuel until the flame exthinguised. The results showed that the burning behavior of concentric jet diffusion and premixed flame had the same tendency. Different water droplet size influenced the burning behavior of flame. Decreasing the water droplet size, luminosity of the flame became thin as well as reducing the flame height. However, the inhibition effect of water droplet was stronger for diffusion flame compared to premixed flame. For smaller water droplet size, water droplet was four times more effective for suppressing the diffusion flame than premixed flame
Pipeline Leak Detection in Two Phase Flow Based on Fluctuation Pressure Difference and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Santoso Budi , Indarto Indarto , Deendarlianto Deendarlianto
Published: January 2014

Pipe network was an important part of the fluid transport infrastructure. On the other hand, the pipeline leak detection in two-phase flow using the flow and pressure parameters is very rarely studied. A system on the basis of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was proposed for detecting the pipeline leak for the two-phase plug flow by using the pressure difference measurement. In the present research, water-air mixture flows in pipe horizontal of 24 mm inner diameter. Artificial pipeline leak was modeled with the leak of solenoid valve on the bottom and top of pipe. Differential Pressure Transducer (DPT) was placed after the leak position and connected by the high-speed data acquisition. The fluctuations of the pressure difference signals were recorded as a time series of random data. The data of the combinations of the input flow rate, the pressure difference can be used to identify the pipeline leak in two-phase flow plug by using ANN. The results demonstrated a very good ability to the pipeline leak on two-phase flow.
Biogas Potential of Co-Substrates in Balinese Biogas Plants
Authors: Nett Daniel , Winaya I. Nyoman Suprapta , Putrawan I. Made Agus , Wartmann Rolf , Edelmann Werner
Published: January 2014

This research aims to give an overview on how to improve the biogas yeild in Balinese digester plants using various co-substrates which are available in Bali. A series testing on the digestibility of substrates were set up either in the field or in the biogas laboratory. In-field analyses like testing the CO2-content and taking samples from digested manure were undertaken. Analyses such as dry matter (DM) and organic dry matter (oDM) determination, pH measurement and FOS/TAC were handled in the biogas laboratory. The huge number of different fruits in Bali gives a good opportunity to use their wastes like Durian hulls and Banana peelings, which can not be used anymore, as co-substrates in biogas plants. The results of these investigations allow to estimate the additional biogas yield, when adding co-substrates to a cow manure biogas plant.
Influence of Bioethanol-Gasoline Blended Fuel on Performance and Emissions Characteristics from Port Injection Sinjai Engine 650 cc
Authors: Sudarmanta Bambang , Darsopuspito Sudjud , Sungkono Djoko
Published: January 2014

Performance and emissions characteristics from port injection SINJAI engine 650 cc operating on bioethanol-gasoline blended fuels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were investigated on water brake dynamometers with power capacity 120 hp. The properties of bioethanol were measured based on American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. Fuel consumption was measured by the time fuel consumption per 25 cc of fuel in a measuring glass whereas combustion air consumption was measured using an air flow meter. The emission parameters, exhaust gas temperature and air fuel ratio were measured using STARGAS exhaust gas analyzer. The increase of bioethanol content will increases the engine performance and reduces pollutan emission. The highest engine performance produced by E15 blended fuel with increased torsi, mean effective pressure and power output of 10,27 %, thermal efficiency 1,8% but specific fuel consumption increased approximatelly 12,42%. This condition occurs at engine speed 3000 - 3500 rpm. While the emission CO and HC emissions decreased significantly as a result of the leaning effect caused by the bioethanol addition. In this study, it was found that using bioetanol-gasoline blended fuels , the CO and HC emissions would be reduced appoximatelly by 55 and 32% Respectively.
Optimization Spring Coil Design for Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Choiron M. Agus , Sutikno Endi , Wicaksono Tri Handoko , Haruyama Shigeyuki
Published: January 2014

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of alveolar bone in response to mechanical loading by using spring coil. Spring coil design was made of round stainless steel wire and usually it was custom-made design. In the previous study, the orthodontic force on 30 gram is required to move maxillary incisor during experimental tooth movement in rat. In this study, optimization new design of spring coil is developed to fulfill the requirement of orthodontic force. The design variable of new spring coil design is set on variation of angle aperture (5o α 10o), hook length (10 mm l 20 mm) and hook diameter (0.012 inch D 0.014 inch). From the result, it can be produced the optimum designs which 8.9o of angle aperture; 12 mm of hook length and 0.014 inch of hook diameter for fulfilling the requirement of orthodontic force on 30 gram force.
Intelligent Bearing Diagnostics Using Wavelet Support Vector Machine
Authors: Widodo Achmad , Haryanto I. , Prahasto T.
Published: January 2014

This paper deals with implementation of intelligent system for fault diagnostics of rolling element bearing. In this work, the proposed intelligent system was basically created using support vector machine (SVM) due to its excellent performance in classification task. Moreover, SVM was modified by introducing wavelet function as kernel for mapping input data into feature space. Input data were vibration signals acquired from bearings through standard data acquisition process. Statistical features were then calculated from bearing signals, and extraction of salient features was conducted using component analysis. Results of fault diagnostics are shown by observing classification of bearing conditions which gives plausible accuracy in testing of the proposed system.
Degradation Trend Estimation and Prognosis of Large Low Speed Slewing Bearing Lifetime
Authors: Kosasih Bu Yung , Caesarendra Wahyu , Tieu Kiet , Widodo Achmad , Moodie Craig A.S. , Tieu A. Kiet
Published: January 2014

In many applications, degradation of bearing conditions is usually monitored by changes in time-domain features. However, in low speed (< 10 rpm) slewing bearing, these changes are not easily detected because of the low energy and low frequency of the vibration. To overcome this problem, a combined low pass filter (LPF) and adaptive line enhancer (ALE) signal pre-conditioning method is used. Time-domain features such as root mean square (RMS), skewness and kurtosis are extracted from the output signal of the combined LPF and ALE method. The extracted features show accurate information about the incipient of fault as compared to extracted features from the original vibration signal. This information then triggers the prognostic algorithm to predict the remaining lifetime of the bearing. The algorithm used to determine the trend of the non-stationary data is auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA).
Electrical Energy from Vibration of a Washing Machine
Authors: Wonoyudo Bambang Daryanto , Febrawi Theduard
Published: January 2014

Piezoelectric materials can produce electricity when they are subjected to dynamic strain. In this paper, the development of a mechanism using a piezoelectric element for harvesting energy from a washing machine is reported. The device was in the form of a cantilever type transducer, using simple components. The main aim of the work is to give a practical implementation of the conversion of mechanical energy by using direct piezoelectric effect. Experimental results showed that, in average, the operation of the washing machine could generate 1.87 mV for a stainless steel cantilever beam and 1.46 mV for an aluminum cantilever beam.
Modal and Harmonic Response Analysis: Linear-Approach Simulation to Predict the Influence of Granular Stiffeners on Dynamic Stiffness of Box-Shaped Workpiece for Increasing Stability Limit against Chatter
Authors: Soegihardjo Oegik , Suhardjono Suhardjono , Pramujati Bambang , Pramono Agus Sigit
Published: January 2014

Chatter is a self-excited vibration that occurs during machining process. It becomes a limitation to productivity and reduces the surface quality of work piece. Increasing dynamic stiffness of the work piece will improve its stability limit against chatter occurrence.Initial linear-approach simulation performing finite element modal and harmonic response analysis of the work piece filled with granular stiffener (sand and gravel) is presented. Drucker-Prager granular frictional material model is chosen to represent sand and gravel used as stiffener. Drucker-Prager parameters are chosen based on the experiment setting condition.Effect of an addition of the granular stiffener on the dynamic stiffness of the work piece will be evaluated. The simulation results are verified by experiment results.
The Preliminary Research of Drill Guide Template Design for Pedicle Screw Placement with a Low-Cost 3D Pinter
Authors: Liao Chao Yaug , Cheng Ching Jen , Huang Wei Jhen , Cheng Che Ming
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study is illustrated the potential of applying the additive manufacturing (AM) technology with a low-cost three-dimensional (3D) printer on clinical applications of spine surgeries. First, the target vertebrae will be extracted from the computed tomography (CT) images of a patient and converted to a 3D polyhedral model. After choosing the target regions of pedicle screws in this 3D polyhedral model, the optimal screw angles and depths will be obtained without injuring the spinal cord. Then, a drill guide template of pedicle screws will be developed by using an AM software, and fabricated by a low-cost 3D printer. The doctor can utilize it to buckle the specific designed position of the vertebrae of the patient, and drill directly through the guide hole during the scoliosis surgery. These steps can reduce the surgical time substantially. Finally, several cases were executed to verify the placement accuracy of drill guide templates fabricated by the low-cost 3D printer.
Simple Recipe to Synthesize BaTiO3-BaFe12O19 Nanocomposite Bulk System with High Magnetization
Authors: Suastiyantia Dwita , Soegijono Bambang , Hikam M.
Published: January 2014

Barium titanate BaTiO3 (BTO) - barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 (BHF) nanocomposite could be as a raw material of multiferroic. Multiferroic is a class of materials with coupled electric, magnetic and structural order parameters that yield simultaneous effects of ferroelectric, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity in the same material. This material has potential applications in such as spintronic devices and sensors. This work was an earlier research towards formation of multiferroic material. Knowing magnetic properties that will lead to a better understanding of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic material is the objective of this research.The samples were BTO and BHF prepared by sol-gel and then were mixed to synthesize composite in bulk system by a conventional techniques in various of weight fraction between BTO : BHF = 1:1 ; 1:2 and 1:3, then samples were sintered at 925°C for 5, 10 and 15 hours for each fraction respectively. Composite phase study was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). MPS Magnet Physik EP3 Permagraph L was used to characterize magnetic properties. No residual phases were identified in the XRD analysis for all parameters. The peaks can be only indexed to BaTiO3 and BaFe12O19 phases for all parameters respectively confirming the formation of a BaTiO3-BaFe12O19 composite system. Barium titanate retains its tetragonal structure while barium hexaferrite exhibits hexagonal structure. For weight fraction of BaFe12O19 until 2 parts there is an increase of intrinsic coersive and saturation magnetization value. The maximum values of intrinsic coersive for samples with 5, 10 and 15 hours sintering are of 361.3 kA/m, 359.0 kA/m and 391.6 kA/m respectively and the maximum values of saturation are of 0.1515 T, 0.1516 T and 0.1414 T respectively leading to good characteristics of multiferroic materials.
Analysis of Fiber Glass/Vinyl Ester Composite Subjected to Internal Pressure Loading for Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Tube Type IV Application
Authors: Ardhyananta Hosta , Baiti Risa Nurin , Adi Afrianto Martha , Kurniawan Denni
Published: January 2014

Natural gas in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) has a pressure of 20 MPa. Glass fiber/vinyl ester composite has potential to be formed into a CNG tube. This study uses a numerical analysis method and tubular approching to assess composite ability to accept internal pressure loading, refered to failure criteria Tsai-Hill. The number of layers and fiber direction are chosen as independent variable. Configuration angle (+70, +25) provided a more optimal result than using a single angle. Composites are in a safe condition on 180th layer. Thus, the glass fiber composite material / vinyl ester is not recommended to apply in the CNG tube manufacture.
Preliminary Study of Development of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB Nanohybrid Biocomposite by Using Single Screw Extruder
Authors: Jainal Muhammad Syafiq , Che Kamarludin Siti Norsyarahah , Akhbar Suffiyana , Faizal Abdul Rahman Mohd
Published: January 2014

This work study the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) of four different formulation of HDPE/EVA/MMT nanocomposite with present of 1.5 phr compatibilizer as a preliminary study before further development of HDPE/EVA/MMT/EFB nanohybrid biocomposite. The ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was varied from 0, 10, 20 and 30 wt%. Meanwhile the nanoclay montmorillonite (MMT) was varied from 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 phr. HDPE/EVA/MMT ternary blends were prepared by melt extrusion blending technique using a single screw extruder. The result found that in absent of nanoclay MMT, the tensile and flexural properties (strength and modulus) of HDPE/EVA/1.5 phr compatibilizer were decreased as EVA amount are increased. Meanwhile in absent of EVA gave the highest tensile and flexural strength which are 38.53 MPa and 35.02 MPa respectively. However the trend is reciprocal for impact strength. The Izod impact test found that 30 wt% EVA give the highest impact strength which is 103.88 J/m , followed by 20 wt% EVA, 10wt % EVA and 0 wt% EVA which are 59.91 J/m, 38.11 J/m and 30.63 J/m respectively. This is because EVA plays a role as impact modifier. Meanwhile incorporation of nanoclay MMT improved the tensile and flexural properties but reducing the impact properties.
Hydrophobic Silica Coating Based on Waterglass on Copper by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Setyowatia Eka , Amalia S.F. , Nazriati Nazriati , Affandi Samsudin , Yuwanae Minta , Setyawan Heru
Published: January 2014

Hydrophobic silica coating on copper (Cu) has been successfully prepared byelectrophoretic deposition (EPD) of silica sol prepared from waterglass. trimethyl chlorosilane (TMCS) was used as the modifying agent to produce hydrophobic coating by replacing the silanol groups on the silica surface with alkyl groups. The hydrophobicity was indicated by the contact angle of water droplet on the coating surface. It has been shown that TMCS concentration plays an important role in the preparation of hydrophobic coating. However, higher concentration of TMCS made the copper corroded before coated with silica due to the production of Cl-ions when TMCS reacted with water and silanol groups during electrophoretic deposition. In addition, the electricfield intensity, silica concentration and deposition time also influence the hydrophobicity of the coating. Increasing the three parameters produces silica coating with higher hydrophobicity. Thecontact angle of the silica coating can reach 130°. EIS analysis showed that the silica coating is very porous.
The Heuristic Approach to the Selection of Experimental Design, Model and Valid Pre-Processing Transformation of DoE Outcome
Authors: Pietraszek Jacek , Goroshko Andrii
Published: January 2014

The typical problem in design of experiments methodology is to avoid risk of obtaining predictions outside of ranges with technological or physical sense. Such situation occurs very often if a simple linear regression or other unbounded is involved as a predictive model. The possible solution is to provide mappings of the outcome from the range of interest into the full range from negative to plus infinity before the linear regression is applied. The intermediate values obtained from unbounded predictive model is re-transformed into the physical domain by the inverse transformation. The key issue is to decide if the mapping is required and subsequently what mapping is necessary. Author proposed a simple heuristic supporting this decision and tested such solution in some examples described in this paper.
Influence Environment and Parameters Ablative Laser Texturing on Selected Properties Surface Layer Steel 100CrMnSi6-4
Authors: Napadłek Wojciech
Published: January 2014

This paper presents results of laboratory investigation microstructure bearing steel 100CrMnSi6-4 after laser hardening in the air and cryogenic environment. Usied high-power laser CO2 (4 kW) were selected the best parameters for hardening process (power density, scanning speed, the overlap surface hardened zones). As a result, laser hardening of the surface layer steel 100CrMnSi6-4 with selected process parameters obtained highdispersing martensitic microstructure of microhardness to 900HV0.1 with isolated fragmented chromium carbides. In the heat affected zone found martensitic- bainitic and bainite microstructure. In comparison with conventional hardening (e.g. inductive) were significant microstructure fragmentation and increase hardness about 15%. This paper presents ablative laser texturing surface layer above steel hardened before by laser. Texturing process was carried out in two environments and used pulsed iterbium fiber laser radiation Nd: YAG with a wavelength λ = 1064 nm.
About Fatigue Tests End Criterion in Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Mroziński Stanisław , Piotrowski Michał
Published: January 2014

In this paper there has been presented a new quantitative criterion of the end of a low-cycle fatigue test conducted in the conditions of fixed amplitude loads. In this criterion there is used an analytical description of the parameters of the hysteresis loop and the number of cycles till the fracture. The conducted experimental verification of this criterion enabled to obtain satisfactory results. In the paper it has been stated that the presented criterion can have a special application in the case of tests of metal materials in an elevated temperature.
Fatigue Investigations of the Compressor Blades with Mechanical Defects
Authors: Witek Lucjan
Published: January 2014

This paper presents results of experimental fatigue analysis of the compressor blades subjected to high cycle fatigue. The blades used in investigations were preliminary defected to simulate the foreign object damage. The blades during experiment were entered into transverse vibration. In results of investigations, the number of cycles to crack initiation and also the crack growth rate were obtained for the blade subjected to transverse vibrations. Moreover, observations of the beach marks on the blade fractures revealed two main shemes of crack propagation process. In this work, the finite element stress analysis of the blade was also performed. Obtrained numerical results shoved that stress level in the notch vicinity is 3 times higher than the stress in the blade without mechanical defects.
Hertzian Crack Propagation in Ceramic Rolling Elements
Authors: Karaszewski Waldemar
Published: January 2014

The properties of ceramics, specifically low density, high hardness, high temperature capability and low coefficient of thermal expansion are of most interest to rolling element manufacturers. The influence of ring crack size on rolling contact fatigue failure has been studied using numerical fracture analysis. Such cracks are very often found on ceramic bearing balls and decrease fatigue life rapidly. The numerical calculation are based on a three dimensional model for the ring crack propagation. The stress intensity factors along crack front are analyzed using a three-dimensional boundary element model. The numerical analysis is verified by experimental studies.