bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O DIREITO DE PROPRIEDADE E A EFICIÊNCIA ECONÔMICA
Authors: Avelino Henrique Avelino Avelino , Pimenta Eduardo Goulart Pimenta Goulart Pimenta
Published: March 2022

Resumo: Neste trabalho serão feitas considerações acerca da imperiosa relação entre os Direitos de Propriedade e a Análise Econômica do Direito (AED). Para que a tal objetivo se alcance, serão empregadas ferramentas metodológicas indispensáveis, tais como as externalidades, eficiência, escolha racional, bem estar, incentivos, custos de transação, maximização das riquezas e dos interesses. Assim, pretende-se refletir acerca da necessidade dos agentes econômicos sentirem-se sempre estimulados a alcançarem a maior eficiência econômica quando da alocação dos bens escassos que lhes são disponíveis. No início do trabalho será realizada uma breve abordagem evolutivo histórica do movimento da Análise Econômica do Direito, incluindo-se a contribuição dada por Harold Demsetz e Armen Alchian em prol da inteiração entre Direitos de Propriedade e Análise Econômica do Direito. Em sequência, tratar-se-á, também, da própria essência dos Direitos de Propriedade e sua importância na estrutura da organização social e humana. Ao final do trabalho, será feita uma reflexão acerca da importância de se definir previamente quem são os proprietários dos bens escassos, delimitando-se a propriedade privada. Nesse sentido, será emanado entendimento em favor da inafastável inter-relação entre os Direitos de Propriedade e a Análise Econômica do Direito, tendo em vista ser notavelmente mais economicamente eficiente se delimitar, previamente, quem é (são), exatamente, o(s) proprietário(s) de determinado bem escasso.
REPRESENTATIVIDADE PARLAMENTAR E EFETIVIDADE DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Mattedi Milton , Ribeiro Fernando José Armando
Published: March 2022

A democracia representativa é um dos elementos centrais da cultura jurídica e política ocidental. Todavia, como uma decorrência das suas próprias influências teóricas, ela termina por trazer intrínsecas algumas contradições estruturais e ideológicas. Entre tais elementos problemáticos figura, com destacada proeminência a questão da representatividade bem como o papel da técnica (em especial do econômico) em sua relação com o político. A representação parlamentar termina por se deslocar das necessidades da sociedade para a disputa de interesses individuais, excluindo-se o povo do centro das decisões. Neste estudo, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e incursões no direito comparado,  procuramos demonstrar como os institutos democráticos requerem um constante labor reflexivo e crítico para que possam atender aos anseios de legitimidade e racionalidade. Assim, é não apenas ilusório mas perigoso acreditar que a democracia seja um conceito perfeitamente estabelecido. Verificamos que a representação não deve ser tida como um sistema que substitui, ainda que imperfeitamente, o exercício da democracia direta. A representatividade política é uma forma contínua de recriar e aprimorar o sistema democrático nos Estados contemporâneos. Para tanto trazemos algumas reflexões sobre diferentes institutos que têm sido utilizados em alguns Estados como aprimoramento da representação democrática.
JURISPRUDÊNCIA CONSTITUCIONAL DA KATCHANGA
Authors: Bernardes Flávio Couto , De Miranda Victor Pimenta
Published: March 2022

A moldura kelseniana propõe que a interpretação normativa deve ser sistêmica e o ordenamento jurídico deve ser coerente para que exista segurança nas relações sociais. O raciocínio interpretativo para aplicar corretamente uma norma deve encontrar respaldo no próprio ordenamento em que está inserido. Com efeito, a história da “Teoria da Katchanga” serve para metaforizar a dogmática jurídica atual da Suprema Corte brasileira, simbolizando como as decisões forenses e o entendimento dos ministros (“Katchanga Real”) mudam as regras do jogo e causam grande insegurança aos cidadãos.
Kapitalistische Transformation und Strukturwandel politischer Herrschaft im Deutschland des »langen neunzehnten Jahrhunderts«
Authors: Wegner Gerhard
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag untersucht die Interdependenz von kapitalistischer Transformation und politischer Ordnung am Beispiel Deutschlands während des 19. Jahrhunderts. Unterschieden werden drei Schlüsselperioden, in denen sich die kapitalistische Transformation vollzog. Die erste Reformphase in Preußen wird als paternalistisch charakterisiert und aufgezeigt, dass die Abwesenheit politischer Partizipation den Erfolg der Reform begünstigte. Mit der Entstehung eines Wirtschafts- und Bildungsbürgertums in der Zeit des Vormärz geriet dieses Ordnungsmodell in eine Krise. In der „Neuen Ära“ und der Reformphase des Norddeutschen Bundes stützen sich schließlich ökonomische und politische Liberalisierung gegenseitig. Zu Ende des Kaiserreichs zeigte sich wiederum ein Spannungsverhältnis von Demokratisierung und liberaler Wirtschaftsordnung.
Investigation of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Authors: ALKAN Halil , BİNGÖLBALİ Ömer
Published: March 2022

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of life, and depression anxiety stress in patients with OA. Methods: This study was carried out in 61 patients with OA, aged 35-67 years, OA diagnosis follow-up, who applied to the physical therapy and rehabilitation unit of State Hospital. In addition to sociodemographic characteristics of patients with OA who volunteered to participate in the study, the information including the answers they gave for the emotional intelligence scale, quality of life questionnaire and depression anxiety stress scale was recorded.

Result: A positive, statistical relationship was found between the emotional intelligence and the quality of life (p
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Depression Levels in Pregnant Women
Authors: TURAN Gokce , TANER Mehmet Zeki , ESER Ayla , TUFAN Ayse Duygu , TERECE Cem , UCKAN Hasan Huseyin , NAS Tuncay
Published: March 2022

Objective: Our objectives in this study are to understand the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health during pregnancy and to determine the levels of depression, stress, and anxiety, to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of pregnant women about COVID-19 infection during the pandemic period, to be able to provide evidence-based data to all authorities involved in the prevention of depression and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our secondary objective is to determine pregnant women's risk and protective factors regarding the levels of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires were applied to pregnant women to assess depression and anxiety. The same questionnaire was previously applied to pregnant participants for another study before the pandemic. In addition, the same questionnaire was applied to the pregnant participants during the pandemic process. The questionnaire was applied face-to-face to pregnant women admitted to the hospital, while those who could not come to the hospital were given a link to the electronic version of the questionnaire.

Results: A total of 1,527 participants were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups as pre-pandemic and pandemic-period. Demographic data were similar, while BMI values were significantly higher in the pandemic group (p:0.002). Gravida values were also significantly higher in the pre-pandemic group. The BAI and BDI scores of the group in the pandemic were 21.50±12.15 and 23.61±11.03, respectively, and the BAI and BDI scores of the pre-pandemic group were 12.70±11.78 and 12.33±9.39, respectively. The BAI and BDI scores were significantly higher in the pandemic-period group than in the pre-pandemic group.

Conclusion: BDI and BAI scores increased in pregnant women during the pandemic. It is possible to improve the psychological conditions of pregnant women and prevent complications by recognizing the psychological conditions of pregnant women, provide information and emotional support, and provide other psychological interventions to help them recover.
Investigation of Relation between Abdominal Aortic Calcium Score and Renal Stone via Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: EFE Duran , AYGÜN Fatih
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relation between abdominal aorta calcium score and renal stones (RS) using computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This study comprised 352 subjects who underwent CT of urinary system in our clinic. One hundred and seventy-six subjects with RS were assigned to Group 1 and 176 subjects without RS were assigned to Group 2 (control group). The likely relation of calcium score, an indicator of atherosclerosis of abdominal aorta, with renal stone formation and stone volume, which has not been investigated previously, was investigated using multislice CT (MSCT).

Results: Age distribution of the study subjects ranged from 19 years to 87 years (mean, 44.3±15.1 years). Of the study subjects, 224 (63.6%) were male and 128 (36.4%) were female. According to Agatston scoring, the mean aortic calcium score was 348.7±665.7 Agatston unit (AU) in Group 1 and 212.2±486.9 AU in Group 2. Stone volume was 38.1±25.7 cubic millimeter (mm3) in Group 1.

Conclusions: Independently from RS volume, the frequency of abdominal aortic atherosclerosis was observed to be higher in the some aged patients with urolithiasis than in the normal subjects. The result was significant (p
Investigation of the Relationship between Headache and Anxiety during the Late COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: ADİGUZEL Ahmet , AKAN Mustafa , CİPLAK Sibel
Published: March 2022

Objective: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on both the physical and psychological well-being of individuals have not yet been clearly understood. Especially during the early period of the pandemic, the most prevalent psychological effects included fear, preoccupation with health, anxiety, and feeling of loneliness caused by a general sense of uncertainty. The incidence of headache was as high as 70% among the mild COVID-19 cases. Findings from the past coronavirus outbreaks indicated that neuropsychiatric symptoms might cause a significant health burden and adversely affect the patients’ quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the anxiety-related clinical conditions of the patients diagnosed with primary headache, who presented to the neurology polyclinic during the prolonged pandemic period.

Methods: The research was designed as a two-center, prospective case-control study. Patients diagnosed with primary headache, who presented to the neurology outpatient clinic, and healthy volunteers without a primary headache diagnosis were included in the study. Data collection tools included the sociodemographic data form, Headache Impact Test, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form, and COVID-19 Disease Perception Scale.

Results: Data collected from a total of 869 participants, including 408 (47%) patients diagnosed with headache and 461 (53%) healthy volunteers, were investigated. The results of the Headache Impact Test-6 suggested a severe effect on quality of life in 187 participants (45.8%) in the headache group and 73 participants (15.8%) in the Control Group (p=0.001). There was coronavirus anxiety in 59 (14.5%) participants with headache and 8 (1.7%) participants in the Control Group (p=0.001). Furthermore, the rate of coronavirus anxiety in participants that had and did not have COVID-19 was 44 (13.7%) and 22 (4.1%), respectively (p=0.001).

Conclusion: The study results revealed that patients with headache and COVID-19 presented with a higher rate of coronavirus anxiety than healthy controls and those not diagnosed with COVID-19. Further studies on larger samples are necessary for investigating the long term neuropsychiatric effects of COVID-19 in individuals.
MPV, RDW, LAKTAT, NA ve Albumin Düzeyleriyle Yoğun Bakım Hasta Mortalitesi Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: AYDIN Ahmet , KAÇMAZ Osman , ÖTERKUŞ Mesut , MİNİKSAR Ökkeş Hakan
Published: March 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Yoğun bakım hasta mortalitesine yaş, yatış süresi, mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı ve süresi, eşlik eden yandaş hastalıklar, enfeksiyon ve laboratuvar parametreleri gibi birçok parametrenin etkisi vardır. Çalışmamızda bu parametrelerden hangilerinin yoğun bakım hasta mortalitesi üzerine etkisi olduğunu araştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Retrospektif planlanan çalışmamıza hastanemiz yoğun bakım servisinde Ocak 2018-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında yatan 18 yaş üstü 295 hasta dahil edildi. Taburcu ve ex olan hastalar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar arasında, parametrelerin mortalite ile arasındaki ilişkisi karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: %53,6’sı (n:158) erkek olan hastaları yaş ortalaması ise 76 yıl olarak bulundu. Nörolojik hastalıkların varlığı, ileri yaş ve yüksek Apache II skoru mortalite oranında anlamlı artışa sebep olmaktadır. Entübe olarak kabul edilen hastalarda mortlite daha yüksekti. Yüksek laktat , yüksek RDW seviyesi ve düşük albumin düzeyi, artmış mortalite ile ilişkili bulundu. Sodyum ve MPV değerinin ise mortalite ile anlamlı bir ilişkisinin olmadığı saptandı. 15 günden az yatışı olan hastalarda ise mortalite oranı daha düşük bulundu.

Sonuç: RDW, Albumin ve laktat değerlerinin yoğun bakımda yatan hastaların prognozu etkilediği görüldü. Bu değerlerin takibinin; erken dönemde tedavinin başlanabilmesi açısından fayda sağlayacaktır.
Kadın Sağlığı ve Hastalıklarında Akupunktur
Authors: ÇAYIR Yasemin , ÇINAR TANRIVERDİ Esra
Published: March 2022

Kadınlar fertilite çağları boyunca erkeklerden farklı bir yaşam döngüsünden geçmektedir. Bu yaşam döngüsü içinde de cinsiyete özgü çok sayıda risk ve hastalıkla karşı karşıya kalabilmektedir. Kadınlarda premenstrual sendromdan dismenoreye, infertiliteden gebelik semptomlarına, postpartum depresyondan postmenopozal vazomotor semptomlara kadar çok geniş bir yelpazede cinsiyete özgü sağlık problemleri görülebilir. Akupunktur, geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tedaviler (GETAT) içinde yer alan ve gerek koruyucu gerekse tedavi edici hekimlikte kullanılabilen bir modalitedir. Akupunktur tüm dünyada bir kadının yaşam döngüsü sürecinde tüm aşamalarda kullanılabilen etkili bir GETAT yöntemi olarak kabul görmüştür. Akupunktur tedavisi premenstrual sendromda hem fiziksel hem emosyonel belirtileri azaltmada etkili iken; dismenorede pelvik pleksustaki sempatik ve parasempatik sinir liflerini uyararak ağrıyı azaltır. Ayrıca over ve uterusun kanlanmasını artırarak, endojen opioidlerin üretimini uyararak infertilitede de farklı aşamalarda tamamlayıcı bir tedavi olarak kullanılabilir. Gebelikte ise PC-6 noktasının uyarılması ile hiperemezis gravidarumda bulantının kontrol altına alındığı gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca BL-67 noktası doğum indüksiyonunda kullanılmış ve doğumun 1. ve 2. fazını kısalttığı gösterilmiştir. Postpartum depresyonu olan kadınlarda ise sham grubuna göre akupunktur grubunda depresif belirtilerin daha fazla azaldığı görülmüştür. Literatürde akupunkturun sıcak basmaları, gece terlemeleri, flushing gibi postmenopozal dönemde görülen vazomotor semptomların kontrolünde de etkili olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu derlemede akupunkturun kadın sağlığı ve hastalıklarındaki yeri güncel literatür ışığında sunulacaktır.
Solid pseudopapillary tumor associated with agenesis of the dorsal pancreas: a case report
Authors: Santana Daniel Paulino , Abreu Diogo Viana , Santos Edmilson Celso , Rodrigues Bruno de Lima , Maia Anna Carolina D'Ascenção , Reis Marcos Campos Wanderley
Published: March 2022

Solid pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) of the pancreas are rare tumors with low potential for malignancy, uncertain lineage, and favorable prognosis in most cases. The SPT has an excellent prognosis, and the standard treatment is surgical resection. The agenesis of the dorsal pancreas (ADP) is an extremely rare type of congenital pancreatic malformation and is characterized by partial or total loss of the body and tail of the gland. Its association with SPT has been reported only in two studies. We report a case of SPT associated with total ADP. A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with a complex mass on pancreatic head topography, measuring 7.8×5.5cm, associated with complete agenesis of the body and tail of the pancreas. She underwent gastropancreatoduodenectomy with a successful postoperative outcome. The anatomopathological examination suggested an SPT and it was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
L’analogia i el paral·lelisme en l’estil proverbial de Ramon Llull
Authors: Tous Francesc
Published: March 2022

Ramon Llull és autor d’un extens i excepcional corpus de proverbis, distribuït en cinc reculls que va escriure principalment entre 1295 i 1302. En aquest article, després de contextualitzar les col·leccions en el marc de la trajectòria intel·lectual de Llull, de presentar els seus trets més remarcables i de repassar breument alguns aspectes de la teoria paremiològica sobre els marcadors proverbials, s’analitza l’ús d’un conjunt de procediments retòrics en la formulació dels enunciats, en especial la personificació i el paral·lelisme, el qual es posa en relació amb les funcions i les aplicacions pràctiques que Llull mateix preveu per als seus proverbis.
Contextual control of conditioned pain tolerance and endogenous analgesic systems
Authors: Trask Sydney , Mogil Jeffrey S , Helmstetter Fred J , Stucky Cheryl L , Sadler Katelyn E
Published: March 2022

The mechanisms underlying the transition from acute to chronic pain are unclear but may involve the persistence or strengthening of pain memories acquired in part through associative learning. Contextual cues, which comprise the environment in which events occur, were recently described as a critical regulator of pain memory; both male rodents and humans exhibit increased pain sensitivity in environments recently associated with a single painful experience. It is unknown, however, how repeated exposure to an acute painful unconditioned stimulus in a distinct context modifies pain sensitivity or the expectation of pain in that environment. To answer this question, we conditioned mice to associate distinct contexts with either repeated administration of a mild visceral pain stimulus (intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid) or vehicle injection over the course of 3 days. On the final day of experiments, animals received either an acid injection or vehicle injection prior to being placed into both contexts. In this way, contextual control of pain sensitivity and pain expectation could be tested respectively. When re-exposed to the noxious stimulus in a familiar environment, both male and female mice exhibited context-dependent conditioned analgesia, a phenomenon mediated by endogenous opioid signaling. However, when expecting the presentation of a painful stimulus in a given context, males exhibited conditioned hypersensitivity whereas females exhibited endogenous opioid-mediated conditioned analgesia. These results are evidence that pain perception and engagement of endogenous opioid systems can be modified through their psychological association with environmental cues. Successful determination of the brain circuits involved in this sexually dimorphic anticipatory response may allow for the manipulation of pain memories, which may contribute to the development of chronic pain states.
Steps towards a Phenomenology of Video Games—Some Thoughts on Analyzing Aesthetics and Experience
Authors: Bakels Jan-Hendrik
Published: March 2022

This paper aims at conceiving a heuristic framework for analyzing video game aesthetics as well as the ways in which these aesthetics are experienced. As the main point of departure for the thoughts laid out throughout the article, I turn to phenomenological contributions to film, media and game studies—with a special emphasis on approaches to kinaesthesia. After discussing essential papers on the kinaesthetic experience of playing video games as well as drawing on a phenomenological approach to the intersubjective sharing of affects by means of kinaesthesia conceived within the field of developmental psychology, I turn to a series of brief game-analytical sketches that are supposed to highlight certain aspects of experiencing time, space, and materiality while playing video games. Finally, the specific quality of interactive intersubjectivity in video gaming is discussed, resulting in the introduction of the theoretical concept of auto-affectivity.
Training for the Military? Some Historical Considerations Towards a Media Philosophical Computer Game Philosophy
Authors: Stark Doug
Published: March 2022

It behoves a media philosophical appraisal of the computer game—invested as media philosophy is in how media engender modalities of thought — to grapple with the computer game’s heritage. Specifically, the essay addresses an issue raised by attention to the computer game’s historical intertwinement with the military and industry: the extent to which these cybernetic machines, overdetermined by their techno-epistemic conditions, continue to perpetuate the ways of thinking from which they derived. The first section of the essay reconstructs parts of this history, drawing primarily on Claus Pias’s computer game genealogy: Computer Game Worlds (2017). It pays particular attention to how the prehistory of time-critical action games reveals their close relationship with and tacit optimization of player pre-reflective perceptual and sensorimotor capacities. The second section considers the lasting implications of the computer game’s historical a priori vis-à-vis their propensity to train their users. It engages with Patrick Crogan’s argument in Gameplay Mode (2011) that computer games are the “reproduction rather than simply the ‘product’ of […] Cold War mentality” and foregrounds his claims as important considerations for any attempt to think media philosophically with and through the medium (2011, p.105). That said, the essay concludes recouping the computer game by way of the very training function it appears condemnable for. Drawing on Mark Hansen (2000), my contention is that Pias and Crogan place in relief what I figure as a creative consequence of computer game play with implications for media philosophy: brokering our corporeal, pre-reflective adaptation to and, thus, agency within our contemporary lifeworld. It is by virtue of, not in spite of, computer games cybernetically working on us that they potentiate ways of thinking about and living in digital culture.
Blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry: a systematic review
Authors: Zakari Nazik , Al-Razgan Muna , Alsaadi Amani , Alshareef Haya , Al saigh Heba , Alashaikh Lamia , Alharbi Mala , Alomar Rana , Alotaibi Seham
Published: March 2022

Blockchain technology is accelerating digital transformation across multiple industries, including the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry suffers from a lack of transparency, difficulty tracking products, lack of trust, and the shipment of expired products. Blockchain technology has been applied to solve several of these problems. In this paper, we present a systematic review of the literature focusing on the adoption of blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry. We collected, analyzed, qualified, and discussed studies retrieved from seven databases. The initial search yielded 2,185 papers, which were screened, discussed, voted on, critically appraised, and collected by a snowball workflow that finally yielded 38 papers. The blockchain application areas covered in the papers were classified as counterfeit drug prevention, drug distribution, tracking and tracing, and safety and security. The most frequent category was counterfeit drug prevention, which is consistent with the primary objective of the pharmaceutical industry. The newer topics discussed in this study were data governance, data quality, pharmaceutical turnover, and prescription drug monitoring. We discuss issues surrounding each of these topics and research studies, along with their limitations and solutions. We also examine the challenges and future research directions of applying blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry.
Evaluating knowledge-based security questions for fallback authentication
Authors: AlHusain Reem , Alkhalifah Ali
Published: March 2022

Failed user authentication is a common event. Forgotten passwords and fingerprint non-recognition are the most common causes. Therefore, there is a need for efficient backup authentication methods, known as fallback authentication. However, fallback authentication methods suffer from different security and usability issues. This study aims to improve the security and usability of knowledge-based fallback authentication in the form of static security questions. The approach proposed in this study was designed considering different factors, such as question features, authentication mechanisms, and the use of tools to aid in composing memorable and secure answers. This study used a two-part experiment with 23 participants to evaluate the proposed approach based on security model testing. The results show that the proposed approach offered improved resistance to blind guess, focused guess, and observation guess attacks. While usability was clearly improved with questions that were based on recognition mechanisms, our results indicate that fallback authentication systems need a flexible level of security and avoidance of complexity in composing answers. In addition, our results indicate the effectiveness of using user behavioral details in the choice of topics for questions, where behavioral questions must have both high recall levels and resistance against guessing attacks. This work theoretically extends the knowledge of fallback authentication research by evaluating new security questions for fallback authentication considering replace of classical topics of security questions by introducing new topics of security questions based on user behavior and personal preferences. Also, this study applies methods of managing answers to security questions by encouraging users to compose answers based on free strict rules that inspire them to create strong and memorable answers based on their own rules. In addition, the findings of this study could support the deployment of knowledge-based authentication in fallback systems as a practical contribution to the user authentication field.
An Email Spam Filtering Model Using Ensemble of Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gabriel Aju Omojokun , Joy Adedeji Ayomiposi
Published: March 2022

The growth of spam emails is on the increase responsible for larger portions of the global email traffics. Aside the annoyance and the time wasted sifting through the unwanted messages; spam emails can also cause immeasurable harms through malicious software capable of damaging systems and compromising confidential information. The risks of filtering spam emails is that sometimes, legitimate mails are marked as spam, yet the results of not filtering spam are the constant flood of spam clogs on networks that adversely impacts users inboxes while draining valuable resources on the networks such as bandwidth and storage capacity, productivity loss and interfere with the expedient delivery of legitimate emails. Several researchers had worked on the design of models for spam email filtering using different techniques, however the detection accuracy of these models have also become subject of discussions. This study developed spam email filtering model using Ensemble of Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and Multilayer Perceptron (DT-SVM-MLP) technique as a solution approach to solving issues of low spam emails detection accuracy. The ensemble model was trained using forward propagation training technique and the performance was evaluated using five performance metrics of Accuracy, False Positive (FP) Rate, Precision, Recall and F-Measure.
What Triggers Violation of Information Security Policies
Authors: Dhawan Sandeep
Published: March 2022

This paper offers a framework for information security professionals to evaluate ISP and understand policy non-adherence. It explores the different types of non-adhering behaviors and the motivations behind them. It goes on to share information about the environmental/organizational climates in which non-compliant behaviors are more or less likely to occur and briefly touches on when users are more likely to commit them. Finally, it suggests a user review process as a critical part of information security policy design and implementation.
Biophysical Characterisation of Amadori Modified Human Serum Albumin: A Prognostic Biomarker for Diabetic Complications
Authors: v Binish , Ahmad Zubair , Bhat Gulzar Ahmad , Mudassar Syed , Aalam Khursheed
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Glycation of biological macromolecules particularly protein leads to the generation of early and Advanced Glycation End (AGE) products. The interest in early glycation of protein is driven due to the fact of Amadori modified proteins having role in diabetic complications. Aim: To analyse the biophysical characterisation of Amadori modified human serum albumin as a prognostic biomarker for diabetic complications. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India, from May 2010 to December 2012. The structural characterisation of EGPs was generated by incubating Human Serum Albumin (HSA) with glucose for about a week. The generation of EGPs of HSA was quantitated as Hydroxy Methyl Furfural (HMF) by ThioBarbituric Acid (TBA) assay and authenticated by boronate affinity chromatography. Moreover, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Electro Spray Ionisation/Mass Spectrometry (ESI/MS) was carried out to validate the presence of Amadori product formed. Additionally, Circular Dichroism (CD) and thermal denaturation studies were used to investigate the structural changes in Amadori albumin. Results: Glycated HSA was obtained as detected by the presence of HMF and chromatography peaks. On stratification, the structural perturbation was observed in Amadori HSA. Furthermore, the generation of furosine was also confirmed by obtaining a new peak in the HPLC profile of glycated HSA. The ESI/MS result also substantiated the presence of Amadori products. Conclusion: The therapeutic strategies that negate the Amadori modification of albumin might be a logical approach in the prevention of diabetic complications.
Empyema Thoracis Caused by Klebsiella Spp and Escherichia coli Co-Infection - An Uncommon Isolation with Atypical Presentation
Authors: Shehu Maryam , Shehu Hassan , Bebeyi Judith , Oseni-Momodu Edwin
Published: March 2022

Empyema thoracis is the collection of pus in the pleural space. A 9-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of high grade continuous fever, a day history of abdominal pain, distension and fast breathing. Examination findings: acutely ill child, febrile, in respiratory distress. Chest findings: tachypnea, dull percussion note and decreased air entry on the right hemithorax. Chest radiograph: massive fluid collection in the right hemithorax. A pleural tap yielded frank pus that was sent for microscopy, culture and sensitivity (MCS). Escherichia coli was cultured which was sensitive to fluoroquinolones. Klebsiella spp was also cultured from the blood sample taken for MCS and yielded the same sensitivity. Patient responded well to tube thoracostomy drainage and administration of antibiotics. Empyema thoracis with the isolation of two-gram negative organisms in a previously healthy child is rare.
Clinical Profile and Effects of Ductal Size on Anthropometry of Children with Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Authors: M. Chinawa Josephat , O. Duru Chika , . Chinawa Awoere T , F. Chukwu Bartholomew , C. Ayuk Adaeze
Published: March 2022

Background

It is not known at which size a congenital Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children becomes associated with a resultant severe malnutrition in children. Furthermore, the effect of ductal size on anthropometry of children with PDA is yet to be determined.

Objectives

This study was aimed to asses if the ductal size had any effect on anthropometry of children with PDA and at which size evidence of severe malnutrition ensues

Methods

This was a five-year observational cross-sectional study of children who presented at three tertiary institutions with PDA.

Results

There was a negative non-significant correlation between the size of PDA and the weight of patients, (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.1, p = 0.7). There was also a negative non-significant correlation between the size of PDA and patient’s height/length, (correlation coefficient = -0.1, p = 0.5).

The association between the  size of PDA and  the severity of malnutrition revealed greater proportion of 35.3% (6/17) for wasting and stunting in patients who had large PDA sizes of >7mm, when compared with fewer proportions in those with PDA sizes of 3- 6mm (26.1% (6/23)  and those with tiny PDA of <3mm (33.3% (10/30); (χ2 = 10.21, p = 0.8).

There was a positive correlation between ductal size and nutritional status of patients,  and severe malnutrition ensued from ductal size of 3.2mm; with ETA square of 0.072.

The majority of children with PDA presented with severe forms of malnutrition (wasting and stunting).

Conclusion: Severe malnutrition ensues when ductal size is 3.2mm. The size of PDA has no effect on weight and height of children with PDA.
Computed Tomography Assessment of Nasal, Orbital Indices and Volume among Igbo, Calabari and Ogoni Residents of Portharcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nebuwa Obikili Emmanuel , Nwaelom Ezeofor Salome , Emeka  Anyanwu Godson , Nzei Eugene Clement
Published: March 2022

Background: Understanding the morphology of the orbital and nasal cavities is essential for human identification, reconstructive surgeries and forensic medicine.

Objectives: To evaluate the orbital and nasal dimensions and their relationship with gender in the Igbo-, Calabari- and the Ogoni ethnic groups living in Port-harcourt Nigeria using computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Four hundred and sixty-six head CT images were analyzed. 43.8% were Igbos’, 28.8% Calabaris’ and 27.5% Ogonis’ of 20-80 years of age with a mean age of 51.19±15.67. Males and females were 55.8% and 44.2% respectively. Parameters measured were orbital height (OH), orbital width (OW), orbital depth (OD), nasal height (NH) and nasal width (NW) using the ImageJ software. Data analysis was by SPSS version 20. Differences between groups were obtained using the one-way ANOVA. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean orbital volume for the Igbos’, Calabaris’ and Ogonis’ are 48.57±7.38, 48.97±5.63 and 46.27±5.59 for the right and 48.56±7.31, 48.96±5.62 and 46.32±5.56 for the left respectively P<0.05. Mean OD is highest in the Igbos’ 4.70±0.32 while mean OH is highest in the Calabaris 2.94±0.18 (P< 0.05). Igbos have the highest mean NI of 89.71. Males have higher NI P<0.05 in all ethinic groups. Mean OI shows no sexual dimorphism or unilaterality P>0.05

Conclusion: Differences in the measured parameters and sexual dimorphism in the nasal indices only among the ethnic groups is demonstrated.  Microseme and platyrrhine categories of orbital and nasal cavities respectively is similar to all. These findings will aid facial reconstructive surgeries and forensics.
Laparoscopic Assessment of the Tubo Ovarian Relationship in Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Gawad Hadwa Islam Mohammed Abdel , Raof Farahat Manal Abdel , Saeed Dawood Abd Elghaffar , Al Ahwal Lamiaa Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Background: Unexplained infertility is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. Thus, there must be an absence of an identifiable cause of infertility despite thorough testing and medical investigation demonstrating tubal patency, normal semen parameters, regular ovulation, normal ovarian reserve, and a normal endometrial cavity.

Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of abnormal tubo-ovarian relationship in women with unexplained infertility by using laparoscopy.

Methodology: This was a prospective study which was conducted on 30 couples with unexplained infertility. Evaluation of the tubo ovarian relation with laparoscopy for patient with unexplained infertility who desire spontaneous pregnancy. The main object of the corrective procedure is to get free mobile fallopian tube along with satisfactory tubo-ovaian relation.

Results: There were 53.3% of cases had disturbed tubo-ovarian relation, many corrective measures done by laparoscopy, such as adhesiolysis for 30% of cases, excision of cysts for 6.7% of cases, MSH for 16.6% of cases and cauterization of endometriotic patches for 16.6% of cases. In the present study a pregnancy rate of 53,3% (9/16) was seen in cases that showed disturbed tubo ovarian relation and required operative intervention higher than other cases with no detected pathology (4/14) 47.7%. We were able to achieve a higher conception rate among cases owing to operative procedure.

Conclusions: The ovum pick up by the fimbrial end of the tube is an essential determining factor for female infertility. The present study confirmed that laparoscopy provided a precise diagnosis of tubo ovarian factor and may switch the initial treatment of unexplained infertility.
Overview on Dental Veneer Placement
Authors: Noorsaeed Ashwag Siddik , Matrood Mohammed Abdulaziz , Almutairi Mohammed Salem , Alqarni Abdulrahman Nasser , Alothman Khalid Jamal , Alshareef Adeeb Hashem , Almutairi Sama Masad , Alhejazi Majed Ayman , Alshehri Khalid Abdullah
Published: March 2022

Cosmetic dentistry aims to improve the appearance of teeth while causing as little damage as possible. The restoration of the smile is one of the most common treatments performed by dentists. Repairing damaged, deformed, or crooked teeth can improve one's beauty significantly, boosting one's self-esteem, attitude, and social interactions. Veneers are considered one of the most conservative surgical treatment approaches since they only remove around half of the enamel thickness before veneer placement, leaving the remaining portion undisturbed. Bonded laminate veneer repairs have been demonstrated to produce good results for up to ten years in numerous clinical investigations. Regular dental veneer materials had a number of drawbacks, including the necessity for materials to be overly thick to mask any discoloration, difficulties in polishing, which can result in scratching of the opposing dentition, and the ability to stain.
Cedecea lapagei an Extremely Rare Uropathogen: A Case Report
Authors: Mohamud Hussein Ali , Mohamud Rahma Yusuf Haji
Published: March 2022

Background: Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Laboratories discovered Cedecea lapagei in 1977, and the first case of Cedecea lapagei in humans was reported in 2006. A literature search revealed only one case report of prior isolation of Cedecea lapagei from urine culture, and this is the second case of Cedecea lapagei as an uropathogen reported in the world.

Case presentation: A 55 years old man with chronic renal failure, poorly controlled Diabetes mellitus, and Hypertension presented with acute exacerbations of renal failure and irritative voiding symptoms. After stabilization and empirical antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone, the patient’s condition was not improved and deteriorated progressively. After the request of urine culture, the culture was isolated, an extremely rare uropathogen; the Cedecea lapagei. Cedecea lapagei identification has been done using Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB). Gram-negative lipase positive bacteria with bacillus in shape, motile in nature that is non-spore-forming, and non-encapsulated Enterobacteria with the final result of >100,000 colony-forming units per ml of Cedecea lapagei were isolated. Mueller-Hinton agar had been used to perform antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. The pathogen revealed antimicrobial resistance against Ceftriaxone, Cephazolin, Ceftazidime, Cefixime, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid while Carbapenems, Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole showed a higher sensitivity rate.

Conclusion: This is the second case of Cedecea lapagei as an uropathogen reported in the world. Cedecea lapagei is a rare bacterial infection in humans and has an emerging antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial treatment should be aligned with the culture findings once available.
Virtue of Coenzyme Q10 as an Antioxidant Drug in Periodontal Disease : A Review
Authors: Kumar Tamil Selvan , Beulah J. Maria , Rajkumar Gokulvathi , Divya S. , Faizal M. Ahamed , Prasat A. S. Hari
Published: March 2022

Periodontal disease is a disease of inflammatory origin. In the oxidative phosphorylation process for ATP generation, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a vital role. Coenzyme Q10 is a vital antioxidant. In cellular bioenergetics, the coenzyme Q10 plays a major role. Because of its large molecular weight and its medicinal properties, the absorption of dietary coenzyme Q10 has numerous therapeutic application in human diseases. Evidence of beneficial effect in cardiovascular and neuro degenerative disease were noted and it was found that Q10 has superior safety record. This article gives the relation of CoQ10 to the periodontal disease.
Porous Silicon on Insulator Technology
Authors: Abdulzahra Narjis Zamil
Published: March 2022

In this research, the structure, optical, and electrical properties of porous silicon prepared by electrochemical etching at current density 50 mA /cm2 with etching time 10 min, before and after rapid thermal oxidation process (RTO) at different oxidation temperature from (500-700) Ċ and constant oxidation time 60 s.  Under optimum conditions, the pore size decreased after RTO leads to decrease porosity, the refractive index decreased for porous silicon (PS) and increased after oxidation. Electrical properties were showed an increase in rectification ratio after oxidation, where it varied from (3.93 to 158.8), the ideality factor which describes an approach the device from ideality characteristics founded decrease with increasing oxidation temperature where it varied from (9 to 5.4), the barrier height increased from (0.561 to 0.698 eV). The oxidation process improves electrical conductivity for electronic device by decreasing saturation current density that initiated from minority carriers, where (OPS/PS/Si) work as anti-reflected coating that benefit to eliminate swings effect and standing waves in photoresist.
Deflection state model law released by ONDCP
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2022

Deflection, a concept in which people who need treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) and are arrested for a crime are placed in treatment before entering the criminal justice system, has now been embraced by the federal government. Last week the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) released a model law states can use to implement these programs.
Low‐Valence Metal Single Atoms on Graphdiyne Promotes Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction via M‐to‐N2 π‐Backdonation
Authors: Zou Haiyuan , Arachchige Lakshitha Jasin , Rong Weifeng , Tang Chao , Wang Ranhao , Tan Sha , Chen Hong , He Dongsheng , Hu Junhui , Hu Enyuan , Sun Chenghua , Duan Lele
Published: March 2022

The M‐to‐N2 π‐backdonation weakens the triple bond of N2 and shall promote the sluggish electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). By using weak σ‐ and π‐donating graphdiyne (GDY) as a supporting material, herein, a versatile approach is described to stabilize low‐valence metal single atoms (SA) on GDY (M SA/GDY; M = Cr, Mo, W, Mn, and Re). Under the rigorous ENRR protocol, an activity trend of Re SA/GDY > Mo SA/GDY > Cr SA/GDY > W SA/GDY >> Mn SA/GDY (no activity) is delivered. Theoretical calculations reveal that the strong M‐to‐N2 π‐backdonation of Re SA/GDY renders a low energy requirement of +0.39 eV for the reductive hydrogenation of *N2 to *NNH, which is considered as the bottleneck of ENRR. A novel NH3 desorption mechanism through N2 or H2O aided ligand exchange mechanism is proposed to facilitate the NH3 desorption from Re SA/GDY with a low energy input of +0.83 eV for the distal and mix pathways. This study expands the scope of low‐valance SA with boosted π‐backdonation capacity and offers new mechanistic insights for ENRR.
Confined Growth of Silver–Copper Janus Nanostructures with {100} Facets for Highly Selective Tandem Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Ma Yangbo , Yu Jinli , Sun Mingzi , Chen Bo , Zhou Xichen , Ye Chenliang , Guan Zhiqiang , Guo Weihua , Wang Gang , Lu Shiyao , Xia Dongsheng , Wang Yunhao , He Zhen , Zheng Long , Yun Qinbai , Wang Liqiang , Zhou Jingwen , Lu Pengyi , Yin Jinwen , Zhao Yifei , Luo Zhongbin , Zhai Li , Liao Lingwen , Zhu Zonglong , Ye Ruquan , Chen Ye , Lu Yang , Xi Shibo , Huang Bolong , Lee Chun‐Sing , Fan Zhanxi
Published: March 2022

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds significant potential to promote carbon neutrality. However, the selectivity toward multicarbon products in CO2RR is still too low to meet practical applications. Here the authors report the delicate synthesis of three kinds of Ag–Cu Janus nanostructures with {100} facets (JNS‐100) for highly selective tandem electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to multicarbon products. By controlling the surfactant and reduction kinetics of Cu precursor, the confined growth of Cu with {100} facets on one of the six equal faces of Ag nanocubes is realized. Compared with Cu nanocubes, Ag65–Cu35 JNS‐100 demonstrates much superior selectivity for both ethylene and multicarbon products in CO2RR at less negative potentials. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the compensating electronic structure and carbon monoxide spillover in Ag65–Cu35 JNS‐100 contribute to the enhanced CO2RR performance. This study provides an effective strategy to design advanced tandem catalysts toward the extensive application of CO2RR.
Regulation of Surface Defect Chemistry toward Stable Ni‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Wang Liguang , Lei Xincheng , Liu Tongchao , Dai Alvin , Su Dong , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun , Wu Tianpin
Published: March 2022

Surface reconstruction of Ni‐rich layered oxides (NLO) degrades the cycling stability and safety of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which challenges typical surface‐modification approaches to build a robust interface with electrochemical activity. Here, a strategy of leveraging the low‐strain analogues of Li‐ and Mn‐rich layered oxides (LMR) to reconstruct a stable surface on the Ni‐rich layered cathodes is proposed. The new surface structure not only consists of a gradient chemical composition but also contains a defect‐rich structure regarding the formation of oxygen vacancies and cationic ordering, which can simultaneously facilitate lithium diffusion and stabilize the crystal structure during the (de)lithiation. These features in the NLO lead to a dramatic improvement in electrochemical properties, especially the cyclability under high voltage cycling, exhibiting the 30% increase in capacity retention after 200 cycles at the current density of 1 C (3.0–4.6 V). The findings offer a facile and effective way to regulate defect chemistry and surface structure in parallel on Ni‐rich layered structure cathodes to achieve high‐energy density LIBs.