bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designation and description of a neotype of Sclerophrys maculata (Hallowell, 1854), and reinstatement of S. pusilla (Mertens, 1937) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
Authors: POYNTON JOHN C. , LOADER SIMON P. , CONRADIE WERNER , RÖDEL MARK-OLIVER , LIEDTKE H. CHRISTOPH
Published: April 2016

Molecular analysis indicates that African material previously referred to Amietophrynus maculatus (Hallowell, 1854; now Sclerophrys maculata), is divisible into two distinct clades: a Western Clade from Cameroon westwards and an Eastern Clade from Central African Republic eastwards, and Uganda southwards to South Africa, extending to Angola-Namibia. Preliminary morphological and bioacoustic data support this division. The two clades are recognised here as two separate species. The Western species retains the name S. maculata, with Hallowell’s designated type locality of Liberia. The Eastern Clade retains the name published by Mertens (1937), S. pusilla. It is noted that a type specimen of S. maculata cannot be traced and is presumed lost; the so-called syntypes in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences are not the material described by Hallowell. None of these have been designated as a neotype, consequently a specimen from Liberia in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, is designated here as the neotype of S. maculata.
Mesoscale Model Evaluation Testbed (MMET): A Resource for Transitioning NWP Innovations from Research to Operations (R2O)
Authors: Wolff Jamie K. , Harrold Michelle , Hertneky Tracy , Aligo Eric , Carley Jacob R. , Ferrier Brad , DiMego Geoff , Nance Louisa , Kuo Ying-Hwa
Published: April 2016

A wide range of numerical weather prediction (NWP) innovations are under development in the research community that have the potential to positively impact operational models. The Developmental Testbed Center (DTC) helps facilitate the transition of these innovations from research to operations (R2O). With the large number of innovations available in the research community, it is critical to clearly define a testing protocol to streamline the R2O process. The DTC has defined such a process that relies on shared responsibilities of the researchers, the DTC, and operational centers to test promising new NWP advancements. As part of the first stage of this process, the DTC instituted the mesoscale model evaluation testbed (MMET), which established a common testing framework to assist the research community in demonstrating the merits of developments. The ability to compare performance across innovations for critical cases provides a mechanism for selecting the most promising capabilities for further testing. If the researcher demonstrates improved results using MMET, then the innovation may be considered for the second stage of comprehensive testing and evaluation (T&E) prior to entering the final stage of preimplementation T&E.

MMET provides initialization and observation datasets for several case studies and multiday periods. In addition, the DTC provides baseline results for select operational configurations that use the Advanced Research version of Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW) or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Modeling System Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B grid (NEMS-NMMB). These baselines can be used for testing sensitivities to different model versions or configurations in order to improve forecast performance.
Impact of Swell on Air–Sea Momentum Flux and Marine Boundary Layer under Low-Wind Conditions
Authors: Jiang Qingfang , Sullivan Peter , Wang Shouping , Doyle James , Vincent Linwood
Published: April 2016

The impact of fast-propagating swell on the air–sea momentum exchange and the marine boundary layer is examined based on multiple large-eddy simulations over a range of wind speed and swell parameters in the light-wind–fast-wave regime. A wave-driven supergeostrophic jet forms near the top of the wave boundary layer when the forwarding-pointing (i.e., negative) form drag associated with fast wind-following swell overpowers the positive surface shear stress. The magnitude of the form drag increases with the wavelength and slope and decreases with increasing wind speed, and the jet intensity in general increases with the magnitude of the surface form drag. The resulting negative vertical wind shear above the jet in turn enhances the turbulence aloft. The level of the wind maximum is found to be largely determined by the wavenumber and the ratio of the surface shear stress and form drag: the larger the magnitude of this ratio, the higher the altitude of the wind maximum.

Although the simulated wind profile often closely follows the log law in the wave boundary layer, the surface stress derived from the logarithmic wind profile is significantly larger than the actual total surface stress in the presence of swell. Therefore, the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory is generally invalid over swell-dominated ocean. This is attributed to the wave-induced contribution to momentum flux, which decays roughly exponentially in the vertical and is largely independent of local wind shear.
A Unified Theory for the Great Plains Nocturnal Low-Level Jet
Authors: Shapiro Alan , Fedorovich Evgeni , Rahimi Stefan
Published: April 2016

A theory is presented for the Great Plains low-level jet in which the jet emerges in the sloping atmospheric boundary layer as the nocturnal phase of an oscillation arising from diurnal variations in turbulent diffusivity (Blackadar mechanism) and surface buoyancy (Holton mechanism). The governing equations are the equations of motion, mass conservation, and thermal energy for a stably stratified fluid in the Boussinesq approximation. Attention is restricted to remote (far above slope) geostrophic winds that blow along the terrain isoheights (southerly for the Great Plains). Diurnally periodic solutions are obtained analytically with diffusivities that vary as piecewise constant functions of time and slope buoyancies that vary as piecewise linear functions of time. The solution is controlled by 11 parameters: slope angle, Coriolis parameter, free-atmosphere Brunt–Väisälä frequency, free-atmosphere geostrophic wind, radiative damping parameter, day and night diffusivities, maximum and minimum surface buoyancies, and times of maximum surface buoyancy and sunset. The Holton mechanism, by itself, results in relatively weak wind maxima but produces strong jets when paired with the Blackadar mechanism. Jets with both Blackadar and Holton mechanisms operating are shown to be broadly consistent with observations and climatological analyses. Jets strengthen with increasing geostrophic wind, maximum surface buoyancy, and day-to-night ratio of the diffusivities and weaken with increasing Brunt–Väisälä frequency and magnitude of minimum slope buoyancy (greater nighttime cooling). Peak winds are maximized for slope angles characteristic of the Great Plains.
Development of the Maree Career Matrix: a new interest inventory
Authors: Maree Jacobus G , Taylor Nicola
Published: April 2016

In this article, the authors report on the development of an interest inventory (the Maree Career Matrix) for South Africans with a minimum of Grade 9 second language English or Afrikaans proficiency. The instrument was completed by 1106 learners in Grade 11 in the Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West provinces of South Africa. Rasch analysis was done; inter-category correlations, reliability coefficients, and differential item functioning values were calculated; and validity and norm tables were established. We concluded that the Maree Career Matrix is easy to use and has good psychometric qualities, takes relatively little time to administer, provides reliable and valid results, is standardised, and can be applied to large groups with relative ease. Additional research is needed to gather data on the profiles of people in other age brackets and to trace their progress, the aim being to further investigate and enhance the predictive value of the Maree Career Matrix.
Cosmic radiation in aviation: radiological protection of Air France aircraft crew
Authors: Desmaris G.
Published: April 2016

Cosmic radiation in aviation has been a concern since the 1960s, and measurements have been taken for several decades by Air France. Results show that aircraft crew generally receive 3–4 mSv y−1 for 750 boarding hours. Compliance with the trigger level of 6 mSv y−1 is achieved by route selection. Work schedules can be developed for pregnant pilots to enable the dose to the fetus to be kept below 1 mSv. Crew members are informed of their exposition and the potential health impact. The upcoming International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report on cosmic radiation in aviation will provide an updated guidance. A graded approach proportionate with the time of exposure is recommended to implement the optimisation principle. The objective is to keep exposures of the most exposed aircraft members to reasonable levels. ICRP also recommends that information about cosmic radiation be disseminated, and that awareness about cosmic radiation be raised in order to favour informed decision-making by all concerned stakeholders.
Ethics of radiological risk governance: justice of justification as a central concern
Authors: Meskens G.
Published: April 2016

Due to the specific character of the radiological risk, judgements on whether the use of nuclear technology would be justified in society have to consider knowledge-related uncertainties and value pluralism. The justice of justification not only informs the right of the potentially affected to participate in decision making, but also implies the responsibility of concerned actors to give account of the way they rationalise their own position, interests, hopes, hypotheses, beliefs, and concerns in knowledge generation and decision making. This paper characterises the evaluation of whether the use of nuclear technology would be justified in society as a ‘complex social problem’, and reflects on what it would imply to deal with its complexity fairly. Based on this assessment, the paper proposes ‘reflexivity’ and ‘intellectual solidarity’ as ethical attitudes or virtues for all concerned actors, to be understood from a specific ‘ethics of care’ perspective ‘bound in complexity’. Consequently, it argues that there is a need for an ‘interactive’ understanding of ethics in order to give ethical attitudes or virtues a practical meaning in a sociopolitical context, and draws conclusions for the case of radiological risk governance.
Geographic Diversification and the Survival of Born-Globals
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Criaco Giuseppe , Naldi Lucia
Published: April 2016

The staged internationalization model posits that firms internationalize incrementally over time. However, born-globals are less likely to follow a more gradual model of staged internationalization, and they must decide on the scope of internationalization at their founding to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities on a global scale. Because returns from international expansion must be considered along with the risk of failure, we propose that born-globals’ local industry conditions moderate the relationship between the scope of intraregional diversification (geographic diversification within a region) or interregional diversification (geographic diversification across different regions) and survival. Using a sample of 680 Swedish born-globals founded in 2002, 2003, or 2004 and followed until 2010; data from Swedish Customs; and archival performance data, we find that interregional geographic diversification increases—and that intraregional diversification decreases—the likelihood of failure, which declines further when born-globals undertake intraregional geographic diversification under higher environmental dynamism in the home country industry. Conversely, undertaking interregional geographic diversification even when the home country industry is munificent increases the likelihood of failure (marginally significant). The findings are robust to several alternative specifications.
The Relation Between Ethical Leadership and Workplace Conflicts: The Mediating Role of Employee Resolution Efficacy
Authors: Babalola Mayowa T. , Stouten Jeroen , Euwema Martin C. , Ovadje Franca
Published: April 2016

Drawing on social learning theory, this research examined the role of ethical leadership in conflict situations. Specifically, ethical leadership was predicted to build employees’ resolution efficacy and subsequently increase employees’ ability to deal with conflict situations in the workplace (i.e., relationship, task, and process conflict). A multisource study in Europe and a two-wave design study in Africa showed support for our mediation model. These findings expand and unite existing theory on conflict and ethical leadership.
Behavior-Specific Influences for Physical Activity Among African American Women
Authors: Jackson Hope , Yates Bernice C. , Blanchard Shirley , Zimmerman Lani M. , Hudson Diane , Pozehl Bunny
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity (PA) behaviors and physical functioning of prehypertensive and Stage I hypertensive African American Women (AAW) and to examine the relationships between PA behavior, physical functioning, personal factors, and behavior-specific influences. Pender’s Health Promotion Model was the conceptual framework for the study. A cross-sectional design and convenience sample were used. The PA domain where the greatest amount of time was spent was in work-related activity, followed by household, leisure time, and transportation activity. Personal factors most strongly correlated to lower PA were greater body mass index and waist circumference. AAW perceived moderate barriers to PA and minimal family and friend social support for PA. Future interventions need to focus on removing barriers to and improving social support for PA among AAW.
First citation speed for articles in Psychology of Music
Authors: Hancock Carl B. , Price Harry E.
Published: April 2016

This study examined the speed of initial research impact and dissemination for 619 articles published in Psychology of Music ( POM) from 1973 to 2012. A computer script calculated the time elapsed from publication to receiving a first-citation from a referencing journal and discipline. Journal references ( n = 7,969) to POM were extracted from Google Scholar and divided into business, education, medical, music, music education, natural science, psychology, social science, and technology collections. Stratified plots revealed that journals in the disciplines of music education and psychology cited POM articles more quickly than other fields; music psychology journals cited POM more quickly than music education journals from US and worldwide sources, and POM articles published from 1973–1992 were more quickly cited by journals in music education, while articles from 1993–2012 by those in music psychology. Cox regression indicated research-uptake accelerated with later decades, publishers, editor eras, and increased article impact. Results confirm the importance of recent POM articles to journals in the discipline of music psychology and earlier articles to journals in the field of music education. POM was cited broadly, though adoption speeds were slower for journals in fields beyond music education and psychology.
Coercive Sexual Environments: Development and Validation of a Scale
Authors: Popkin Susan , Hailey Chantal , Zweig Janine , Astone Nan , Jordan Reed , Gordon Leah , Silverman Jay
Published: April 2016

In this article, we present the results of our efforts to develop and test a scale to operationalize and measure a neighborhood-level indicator of coercive sexual environments (CSEs), a construct emerging from our earlier work on safety and sexual threats among young girls living in chronically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Data for this study come from a survey of 124 adult and 79 youth respondents living in public housing in Washington, D.C., and participating in the Housing Opportunities and Services Together Demonstration, a multisite project testing the feasibility and effectiveness of place-based, dual-generation case management models to improve outcomes for vulnerable families. Our psychometric analysis indicates that the CSE scales we developed for adults and youth have high internal consistency. Together with our analyses of construct validity, the present findings suggest that CSE is a unitary construct that may be an important factor to include in models of neighborhood processes and risk.
Searching for Social Support Moderates the Relationship Between Polyvictimization and Externalizing Symptoms: A Brief Report
Authors: Guerra Cristóbal , Ocaranza Claudia , Weinberger Kchatriani
Published: April 2016

Externalizing disorders emerge most readily during adolescence, especially in traumatized population. In this context, it is necessary to determine the factors influencing these disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polyvictimization in developing externalizing symptoms while considering the possible effects of active coping related to the search for social support. The participants were 78 adolescents ( M = 14.18, SD = 1.63) cared for in child and adolescent protection public services in Chile. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that polyvictimization was a good predictor of externalizing symptoms, but searching for social support acted as a moderator in that relationship. The results show that searching for social support acts as a protective factor and decreases the adverse influence of polyvictimization over externalizing symptoms. Prevention and intervention programs should consider improvements in the coping strategies of poly-victims with externalizing problems.
Accurate modification methodology of universal machine tool settings for spiral bevel and hypoid gears
Authors: Zhou Zhen-yu , Tang Jin-yuan , Ding Han
Published: April 2016

Universal machine tool settings with higher-order motion coefficients are developed to make accurate modification considering the actual machine geometric error compensation for spiral bevel and hypoid gears. First, the universal machine tool settings are exploited for the identification of the real tooth flank form error. Furthermore, the error sensitivity analysis method and an improved Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with a trust-region strategy are utilized to obtain the solution of modification amount. Finally, a higher-order modification methodology for the universal machine tool settings is proposed which mainly covers three vital parts: (a) optimized selection of the modification settings, (b) modification of universal machine tool settings, and (c) machine geometric error compensation. Especially, a higher-accuracy fitting method for the form error tooth flank is investigated. Some numerical examples verify that the tooth flank form error after higher-order modification can reach less than 0.5 µm or even a smaller one, and the position error after compensating process spindle can be reduced from 0.0044861° to 0.0009232°. In addition, given experimental result can validate the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
A new algorithm for build time estimation for fused filament fabrication technologies
Authors: Zhu Zicheng , Dhokia Vimal , Newman Stephen T
Published: April 2016

The manufacture of highly complex and accurate part geometries with reduced costs has led to the emergence of hybrid manufacturing technologies where varied manufacturing operations are carried out in either parallel or serial manner. One such hybrid process being currently developed is the iAtractive process, which combines additive (i.e. fused filament fabrication, which is sometimes called fused deposition modelling. However, the latter term is trademarked by Stratasys Inc. and cannot be used publicly without authorisation from Stratasys) and subtractive (i.e. computer numerical control machining) processes. In the iAtractive process production, operation sequencing of additive and subtractive operations is essential. This requires accurate estimation of production time, in which the fused filament fabrication build time is the determining factor. There have been some estimators developed for fused deposition modelling. However, these estimators are not applicable to hybrid manufacturing, particularly in process planning, which is a vital stage. This article addresses the characteristics of fused filament fabrication technologies and develops a novel and rigorous method for predicting build times. An analytical model was first created to theoretically analyse the factors that affect the part build time and was subsequently used to facilitate the design of test parts and experiments. The experimental results indicate that part volume, interaction of volume and porosity and interaction of height and intermittent factor have significant effects on build times. Finally, the estimation algorithm has been developed, which was subsequently evaluated and validated by applying a wide range of identified influential factors. The major advantage of the new proposed algorithm is its ability to estimate the build time based on simple geometrical parameters of a given part. The key factors that drive the algorithm can be directly obtained from part dimensions/drawings, providing an efficient and accurate way for fused filament fabrication time estimation. Test part evaluations and analysis have clearly demonstrated that estimation errors range from 0.1% to 13.5%, showing the validity, capability and significance of the developed algorithm and its applications to hybrid manufacture.
A “post-psychological” curiosity about subjectivities and standards
Authors: Nissen Morten , Staunæs Dorthe , Bank Mads
Published: April 2016

This special issue is about standards. A standard is an abstract reproduction of certain aspects of practice and being, used across time and place to shape and regulate. Thus, standing opposed to human subjectivity, they are often viewed as external or even as such critiqued, consolidating a division between standardizing sciences and off-standard qualitative research. Yet, a “post-psychological curiosity” suggests a reflexive stance, admitting to complicity in the “intra-actions” of standards and subjectivity, in theoretical psychology as in practices such as management, counseling, or self-help. Objectifying values, standards can reach out to the image of infinity; even posited as immanent to practices, they can be seen as expressions of hope. They both shake and establish temporalities and spatial distributions that feed into affective economies and help or force us to focus and forget. We use them to govern ourselves and each other—or we suffer their suspension as “cranked subjects.”
Orchestrating intensities and rhythms: How post-psychologies are assisting new educational standards and reforming subjectivities
Authors: Juelskjær Malou , Staunæs Dorthe
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to trace how contemporary (post)psychologies, when used as psy-leadership tools in order to reach new standards, may create new work around the standards and may also create new subjectivities. It is well known that education is a field in which standardization and the making of subjects have held sway for many years; and it is also well known that schools have been some of the most regular purchasers of psychological methods, tests, and classifications. Following, but also elaborating upon governmentality studies, it is suggested that a current shift towards environmentality and learning-centered governance standards has dramatic and performative effects for the production of (educational) subjectivities. This implies a shift from governing identities, categories, and structures towards orchestrating affective intensities and rhythms. Finally, we discuss possible new worries and vulnerabilities when school goes post-psychological.
What Is a Woman Created For? The Image of Women in Russia through the Lens of the Russian Orthodox Church
Authors: Chernyak Elena
Published: April 2016

Religion has an essential effect on the development of any society since it impacts religious norms and models of behaviour, establishes priorities and values, influences gender relations, predetermines gender roles, and influences the establishing of certain traditions, laws, and customs. This article is a review of the historic position of the Russian Orthodox Church – the dominant religion in Russia – its past and current status in Russia, and the issues relating to women in Russian socio-cultural and religious community. While there is a lack of research on the Russian Orthodox Church and its influence on Russians and, particularly, Russian women, the increased religiosity in Russia within the last decade requires us to study the Russian Orthodoxy and its impact on people’s lives and its attitude to gender. This article provides a deep analysis of the impact of the Russian Orthodox Church on the image of women in Russia. It has been argued that Russian national character and heritage was formed by the Russian Orthodox Church and the existing gender stereotypes in Russia have been significantly impacted by the Russian Orthodox Church and have mainly been derived from the interpretation of the New Testament by the Russian Orthodoxy and its clergy. Particularly, gender roles and the perception of family, and marriage are understood to be in compliance with the values of the Russian Orthodox faith. For the faith the most important purpose of marriage is the birth and raising of children and the chief responsibility and duty of a woman is to care for her husband and children as these are considered as a way of the woman’s service to society and to God.
The Roots of the Ecological Crisis and the Way Out: Creation Out of ‘no thing’ God Being ‘no thing’
Authors: Sahinidou Ioanna
Published: April 2016

Plato defined the primal dualism of reality: its division into the invisible eternal realm of thought and the unshaped matrix of the visible temporal realm of corporeality. The hierarchy of mind over body is reflected in the hierarchy of male over female, of human over animals, and in the class hierarchy of rulers over workers. Plato adds the alienation from body and earth, as the lowest level of cosmic hierarchy.

The interrelatedness and interdependence of all cosmic beings uncover the dualism: soul/body. The idea of creatio ex nihilo promotes the desecration of the created world, lying at the root of the eco-crisis. The patristic idea of creation ‘ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων’ [‘out of non-being’] refers to what in God is envisaged as the pre-ontological nihil from which all proceed, deconstructing the dualism of a spiritual and a materialistic cosmos.
Restraints in daily care for people with moderate intellectual disabilities
Authors: Van der Meulen Anne Pier S , Hermsen Maaike A , Embregts Petri JCM
Published: April 2016

Background:

Self-determination is an important factor in improving the quality of life of people with moderate intellectual disabilities. A focus on self-determination implies that restraints on the freedom of people with intellectual disabilities should be decreased. In addition, according to the Dutch Care and Coercion bill, regular restraints of freedom, such as restrictions on choice of food or whom to visit, should be discouraged. Such restraints are only allowed if there is the threat of serious harm for the clients or their surroundings.

Research question:

What do support staff consider as restraints on freedom and how do they justify these restraints?

Research design:

In this study, data were collected by semi-structured interviews.

Participants and research context:

Fifteen support staff working with clients with moderate intellectual disabilities were interviewed. All participants work within the same organisation for people with intellectual disabilities in the Eastern part of the Netherlands.

Ethical considerations:

The study was conducted according to good scientific inquiry guidelines and ethical approval was obtained from a university ethics committee.

Findings:

Most restraints of freedom were found to be centred around the basic elements in the life of the client, such as eating, drinking and sleeping. In justifying these restraints, support staff said that it was necessary to give clarity in what clients are supposed to do, to structure their life and to keep them from danger.

Discussion:

In the justification of restraints of freedom two ethical viewpoints, a principle-guided approach and an ethics of care approach, are opposing one other. Here, the self-determination theory can be helpful, while it combines the autonomy of the client, relatedness to others and the client’s competence.

Conclusion:

Despite the reasonable grounds support staff gave for restraining, it raises the question whether restraints of freedom are always in the interest of the client.
Managing the Energy Transition
Authors: Walters Jonathan
Published: April 2016

This article explores how Central Asia can achieve the aspirations of Vision 2050 in the energy sector. Under this vision, the region’s energy resources will have been developed in an efficient and sustainable manner by 2050. The complementarities between those energy resources will be effectively exploited by cross-border trade within the region and by substantial exports of clean energy to China, South Asia, Europe, and elsewhere. There will be an appropriate balance between renewable and nonrenewable energy, and hydrocarbons resources will have contributed to competitiveness and diversification of the economy, and will not have been wasted. This article reviews what the future may hold for energy technologies, since their development will critically affect the choices for Central Asia’s energy transition. The article then considers the legacy of Soviet energy policy and what, in broad terms, Central Asia needs to do to achieve a successful energy transition. Subsequent sections consider specific aspects of the electricity, hydrocarbon, and renewable energy sectors. Possible options are then explored on how Central Asia might benefit from a global climate change deal in developing its renewables, while also addressing some of the troubling challenges of cooperation for developing the region’s water resources for hydropower production and effective water storage.
Human Leptospirosis in Malaysia
Authors: Benacer Douadi , Thong Kwai Lin , Verasahib Khebir Bin , Galloway Renee L. , Hartskeerl Rudy A. , Lewis John W. , Mohd Zain Siti Nursheena
Published: April 2016

The history and epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Malaysia from 1925 to 2012 are described. Previous studies have demonstrated that leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Malaysia occurring in both urban and rural locations. The number of cases has risen dramatically since the Ministry of Health Malaysia highlighted leptospirosis as a notifiable disease in 2010, with reported cases increasing from 248 cases in 2004 to 3604 in 2012. The incidence of infection among the population suggests that occupation, sex, age, ethnic background, water recreational activities, and sporting events are risk factors. A robust surveillance system is now in place to monitor temporal and spatial changes in the incidence and prevalence of infection and to identify risk areas and disease behavior. Despite extensive studies over the past decade, there is a still a need to describe local serovars in host carriers and the human population, with the view to develop an effective vaccine against leptospirosis.
Why Voice Behavior? An Integrative Model of the Need for Affiliation, the Quality of Leader–Member Exchange, and Group Cohesion in Predicting Voice Behavior
Authors: Kong Fang , Huang Yue , Liu Peng , Zhao Xiping
Published: April 2016

Although research has established individual difference antecedents of voice behavior, little is known about the role of individual differences in psychological needs that affect voice. We draw on needs theory to propose a needs-driven approach to studying voice behavior. Specifically, we hypothesize that individual’s need for affiliation has differential effects on promotive voice and prohibitive voice, leader–member exchange (LMX) transmits the effects of personal need for affiliation on the two types of voice, and group cohesion weakens the indirect effects of the need for affiliation on the two types of voice behavior through LMX. We test these hypotheses with samples of 215 employees from 42 groups in China. The results have supported all the hypotheses. Implications to theory and practice are discussed.
Investigating the Human Value “Forgiveness” Across 30 Countries
Authors: Hanke Katja , Vauclair Christin-Melanie
Published: April 2016

The current study focuses on the human value of forgiveness and explores its correlates using a country-level meta-analytical approach. We investigated the importance of forgiveness using the Rokeach Value Survey with 41,975 participants from 30 countries to address the following research questions: How important is forgiveness across different countries? What contextual variables correlate with the ranked importance of forgiveness? This study provides important insights on country-level correlates of forgiveness in regard to conditions that may favor prioritizing the value forgiveness and its possible implications for societies. The results show that the value forgiveness is related to a highly developed socioeconomic and sociopolitical environment as well as to subjective well-being at the country level.
Tapping Into a New Stream of (Personal) Data
Authors: Santana Arthur D. , Hopp Toby
Published: April 2016

This research seeks to quantify social media’s value as a reporting tool for journalists by understanding it as an instrument for accessing personal data. A national survey of reporters at all large and midsize U.S. newspapers shows that journalists place more value on Twitter than Facebook as it relates to professional practice. Evaluation of the various practice-based functions relative to individual journalists’ value perceptions suggests that Facebook’s value is tied to its use for querying friends and conducting research. Twitter’s value was significantly tied to the platform’s use for querying followers, performing research, and activities associated with contacting sources.
Whitewashing the Past
Authors: Giorgio Grace A.
Published: April 2016

In States of Denial, Stanly Cohen describes how individuals and institutions know about yet deny the occurrences of oppressive acts, seeing only what they want to see and wearing blinders to avoid seeing the rest. Cohen emphasizes that denial though deplorable is complicated. It is not simply a matter of refusing to acknowledge the obvious, though uncomfortable, truth. Many people “know” and “not-know” about human suffering at the time. “Whitewashing the Past” explores White supremacy’s legacy in the rural Midwest through its telling of a town’s reaction and non-reaction to a truth compromising library display of the town’s Ku Klux Klan’s history. Racial segregation and racial indifference maintain the American caste system that renders African Americans’ experiences as irrelevant to rural Midwest majority White towns, when their very composition as majority White is dependent on exclusionary Sundown policies and ordinances that are “known” and “not known.”
Tavaborole, a Novel Boron-Containing Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Agent for Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Ciaravino Vic , Coronado Dina , Lanphear Cheryl , Hoberman Alan , Chanda Sanjay
Published: April 2016

Tavaborole is a topical antifungal agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. As part of the nonclinical development program, reproductive and developmental toxicity studies were conducted (rat oral fertility and early embryonic development, rat (oral) and rabbit (dermal) embryo–fetal development). There were no effects on fertility or reproductive performance at doses up to 300 mg/kg/d (107 times the maximum recommended human dose [MRHD] based on mean area under the plasma concentration–time curve comparisons). In the rat embryo–fetal development toxicity studies, teratogenicity was not observed at doses up to 100 mg/kg/d (29 times the MRHD). However, several treatment-related skeletal malformations and variations were observed at 300 mg/kg/d (570 times the MRHD). In rabbit embryo–fetal development toxicity studies dosed via oral or dermal administration, the no observable adverse effect level for maternal toxicity and embryo–fetal toxicity was 50 mg/kg/d (16 times the MRHD) and 5% (26 times the MRHD), respectively.
Evaluating China’s aspirations for cultural soft power in a post-globalisation era
Authors: Flew Terry
Published: April 2016

‘Soft power’ has been a concept that has generated great political and scholarly interest in China, as it raises the question of how to achieve cultural standing commensurate with the nation’s growing economic significance. But from the perspectives of communication and cultural studies, we can identify limits with both ‘soft power’ as a concept and how it understands culture and communication, and the assumptions made about the capacities of state cultural promotion through media to appeal to global audiences. Drawing upon case studies of the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, India, Japan and South Korea, this article identified challenges and opportunities for China in growing its international cultural soft power in a ‘post-globalisation’ era.
For the lifestyle and a love of creativity: Australian students’ motivations for studying journalism
Authors: Hanusch Folker , Clifford Katrina , Davies Kayt , English Peter , Fulton Janet , Lindgren Mia , O’Donnell Penny , Price Jenna , Richards Ian , Zion Lawrie
Published: April 2016

A number of studies have examined why students choose to study journalism at university, but overall, this area is still relatively underexplored. Yet, understanding why students choose journalism, and what career expectations they hold, is important not only for educators but also for wider society and public debates about the future of journalism and the value of tertiary journalism education. This article examines the motivations of 1884 Australian journalism students enrolled across 10 universities. It finds that hopes for a varied lifestyle and opportunities to express their creativity are the most dominant motivations among students. Public service ideals are somewhat less important, while financial concerns and fame are least important. These motivations also find expression in students’ preferred areas of specialisation (referred to in Australia as rounds): lifestyle rounds are far more popular than politics and business rounds or science and development rounds.
Examining second language receptive knowledge of collocation and factors that affect learning
Authors: Nguyen Thi My Hang , Webb Stuart
Published: April 2016

This study investigated Vietnamese EFL learners’ knowledge of verb–noun and adjective–noun collocations at the first three 1,000 word frequency levels, and the extent to which five factors (node word frequency, collocation frequency, mutual information score, congruency, and part of speech) predicted receptive knowledge of collocation. Knowledge of single-word items at the same word frequency levels was also examined. The results indicated that the participants were not close to a level of mastery of collocational knowledge at any word frequency level; knew less than 50% of each type of collocation overall; and that their knowledge of collocation significantly decreased at each level. The analysis also revealed that there were significant large positive correlations between knowledge of collocations and single-word items, and that node word frequency was the strongest predictor of receptive knowledge of collocation.
Membership role and subjective group dynamics: Impact on evaluative intragroup differentiation and commitment to prescriptive norms
Authors: Pinto Isabel R. , Marques José M. , Levine John M. , Abrams Dominic
Published: April 2016

Two studies examined participants’ evaluations of ingroup or outgroup normative and deviant members and changes in agreement with a prescriptive norm. In Experiment 1 ( N = 51), the normative target was either a full or marginal ingroup or outgroup member, and the deviant was a full member. In Experiment 2 ( N = 113), both targets were full or marginal members, or one was a full member and the other was marginal. As predicted, maximal upgrading of normative members and downgrading of deviant members, as well as endorsement of the norm, occurred when both targets were full ingroup members. In contrast, the deviant was derogated least and the deviant’s position was endorsed most when the deviant target was a full ingroup member and the normative target was a marginal ingroup member. Evaluations of normative and deviant ingroup members mediated the effects of their role on participants’ agreement with the norm.
Communicating austerity measures during times of crisis: A comparative empirical analysis of four heads of government
Authors: König Pascal D.
Published: April 2016

This article develops a coherent framework for analyzing policy communication; Conceptualizes how policy communication can be understood as a function of contextual factors; Empirically maps the policy communication of four political leaders. Points to the importance of political competition and welfare culture for systematic variation in policy communication.

To what extent are political leaders’ policy communications shaped by the context in which they act? This article addresses this so far largely disregarded question by means of a systematic comparison of broader communication profiles. Based on a content analysis, it empirically maps how Mario Monti, Mariano Rajoy, Enda Kenny and David Cameron communicated austerity policies, which meant considerable cuts in the welfare state, during the European debt crisis. The findings suggest that a lower degree of political competition manifests in political leaders’ communication in terms of a more consensual stance. The evidence is also partly in line with the assumption that liberal welfare culture allows for a policy communication that is more strongly based on norm- and value-based justifications. Surprisingly, the expectation that the crisis condition led to a stronger emphasis on the costs/risks of the status quo is not borne out in the data.
Residential tourists and the half-life of European cosmopolitanism in post-crisis Spain
Authors: Holleran Max
Published: April 2016

This article examines British homeowners in Spain after the 2008 economic crisis and their struggles to navigate Spain’s troubled real estate sector. It argues that foreign residents previously embraced European cosmopolitanism but disputes over illegal home construction soured their opinion of European Union (EU) integration. Using ethnographic research and interviews, the article shows how these homeowners contested the idea that EU cohesion policies produced uniform legal systems related to housing and urban development. It also shows that while cosmopolitanism was often spurred at the level of formal politics, cosmopolitan ‘practices’ were subtly endorsed to delineate between those who had agency, and were successfully dealing with the crisis, and those who seemed to be floundering. The article confirms contemporary studies of EU regional polarization and the stalled project of creating ‘social Europe’, while showing how personal conceptions of mobility are highly linked to class.
The Experience of Family Caregivers of Patients With a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Cicolini Giancarlo , Cerratti Francesca , Pelle Carlo Della , Simonetti Valentina
Published: April 2016

Objective:

The purpose of this review is to understand the experience of caregivers of patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and to evaluate how health professionals can support them properly.

Background:

Left ventricular assist device can improve quality of life, enhance functional status, and prolong survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Nonetheless, LVAD can adversely influence quality of life for their family caregivers.

Methods:

An integrative literature review was conducted using scientific databases between January to March 2015.

Results:

A total of 15 studies are included in the final review. Three major themes emerged “emotional distress,” “responsibility,” and “coping strategies” that characterize family caregivers’ experiences with care of patients with LVAD.

Conclusion:

Health care providers should understand the pivotal role of caregivers in promoting and maintaining patients’ well-being and be able to help the caregiver to moderate the impact being overloaded. Research should be addressed to create interventions that motivate the caregivers to engage in activities that promote their health.
Women Out of Africa
Authors: Boateng Boatema
Published: April 2016

This essay critically examines naming and knowing in relation to African women as subjects in a global 21st century. Proceeding from the premise that naming is an epistemological act, it critically examines the relation between naming and knowledge production about African women who move across boundaries as transnational subjects. It considers the constraints placed by such naming and knowledge production on African women’s subjectivity. Finally, it considers the ways that African women challenge and contradict the politics of naming, and the possibilities those contradictions offer for forging new epistemologies of gender and Africa in the 21st century.
The Role of miR-34a in Tritiated Water Toxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Cui Feng Mei , Liu Liang , Zheng Lu Lin , Bao Guang Liang , Tu Yu , Sun Liang , Zhu Wei , Cao Jian Ping , Zhou Ping Kun , Chen Qiu , He Yong Ming
Published: April 2016

In this work, we investigated the toxic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on the cardiovascular system. We examined the role of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in DNA damage and repair in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to HTO. Cell proliferation capacity was evaluated by cell counting, and miR-34a expression was detected using quantitative PCR (QT-PCR). The Comet assay and γ-H2AX immunostaining were used to measure DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression level of c-myc messenger RNA (mRNA). The cells exposed to HTO showed significantly lower proliferation than the control cells over 3 days. The DNA damage in the HTO group was more severe than that in the control group, at each time point examined. The expression of miR-34a mimics caused increased DNA DSBs whereas that of the miR-34a inhibitor caused decreased DNA DSBs. The proliferation viability was the opposite for the miR-34a mimics and inhibitor groups. The expression levels of c-myc mRNA in cells transfected with miR-34a mimics were lower than that in cells transfected with the miR-34a-5p inhibitor, at 0.5 hours and 2 hours after transfection. In summary, miR-34a mediates HTO toxicity in HUVECs by downregulating the expression of c-myc.
Influence of Sleep on Fertility in Women
Authors: White Nicole D.
Published: April 2016

An estimated 15.5% of women in the United States experience infertility, and a wide range of conditions, behaviors, and exposures have been linked to this reduced reproductive capacity. Sleep is a critical component to health and well-being, yet the amount of research devoted to determining the association between sleep and fertility in women is lacking. This article will discuss potential pathways by which sleep dysregulation may modulate fertility and summarize observational study data related to shift work and fertility.