bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La vie intime des objets culturels
Authors: Schnapp Jeffrey
Published: June 2020

L’auteur envisage la transmission du patrimoine et de l’histoire à travers les processus de numérisation des archives et des objets culturels. Il examine de manière critique la construction des notices et plus largement de la documentation associée à la numérisation de ces collections. Il considère la division entre big et small data au sein des données en sciences humaines, ainsi que les représentations de l’histoire qui en sont issues. Il conclut à trois enjeux de la numérisation : elle réduit la complexité d’un objet culturel ; elle crée des modes d’appropriation et de transformation pour les publics ; elle est à penser dans une approche multimédia englobante.
Use of FPGAs for Enabling Security and Privacy in the IoT
Authors: Diaz-Perez Arturo , Morales-Sandoval Miguel , Lara-Nino Carlos Andres
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, the authors discuss the utilization of FPGA technology in providing the Internet of Things (IoT) with security and privacy services through means of cryptographic realizations. The first part of the chapter focuses on the practical aspects of using FPGAs for providing the IoT with security and privacy. The authors explore the feasibility of using these devices in constrained environments and the features attractive for their use in security applications. The second part is a revision of case studies reported in the literature where FPGAs have been employed for security applications in the context of IoT and related technologies. The main goal of this chapter is to present a general perspective of the role played by FPGA technologies in protecting the IoT.
Wireless Sensor Networking in Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Chandrasekaran R.  , Hemalatha R. J.  , Josephin Arockia Dhivya A.  , Thamizhvani T. R.
Published: June 2020

Wireless sensor networking plays an important role in sensor signal communication and data transfer. The WSN is one of the trending fields in medical data mining. WSN provides the connecting link between the real physical world and virtual environment. In this study, the various WSN network algorithm, topologies, architectures, and their applications to medical technology are discussed. This study will be useful for the readers to know about various communicative technologies and standards followed in biomedical technology.
Bridging Activities
Authors: Yeh Ellen , Mitric Svetlana
Published: June 2020

This study applied pedagogically-focused project design by using Instagram as a platform to investigate how the use of social media such as Instagram in a multimodal digital storytelling model could bridge the skills English language learners (ELLs) learn in the classroom to out-of-school literacy practices. The study applied the five learning objectives of the bridging-activities framework to investigate to what extent ELLs achieve these objectives. There were forty-two participants (female: n= 22; male: n= 17), international arts and media students. The study collected their main Instagram posts, questionnaires were given with a five-point Likert scale and open-ended questions, and individual follow-up interviews for content analysis. A cross-tabulation was conducted to investigate the relationships between ELLs' Instagram use and how they perceive Instagram as a meaningful way of communication for professional purposes. The findings revealed pedagogical practices of using Instagram as a tool for professional purposes and how ELLs achieved the bridging-activities learning outcomes.
Risks of Critical Infrastructure Adoption of Cloud Computing by Government
Authors: Al-Gharibi Mansoor , Warren Matthew , Yeoh William
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to discuss the risks and reasons of adopting the cloud computing in the critical infrastructure within the government context of cloud computing adoption. The article will also present examples of cloud computing adoption in the critical infrastructure domain. The data used in the paper was gathered from different academic, governmental, and online sources. It was found that, although there are risks involved in the cloud computing adoption, governments are deploying cloud computing using different deployment models and reaching high level of deployment within the critical infrastructure. The findings of this study suggest that it is not a question of adopting or not anymore, but the question of how to mitigate the risks involved after the deployment.
Identification of Inaccessible Roads and Vulnerable Settlements in Dhaka City Using ArcGIS Tools
Authors: Islam Tahsina , Islam Md. Azijul , Islam Md. Shahidul , Nimni Nishat Farzana
Published: June 2020

Dhaka, the capital, is a highly populated city in Bangladesh. Indiscriminate and unplanned urbanization, with narrow road networks, has made the city more vulnerable and risk-prone for any disaster. This study focuses on the identification of inaccessible roads and vulnerable areas of Dhaka city for improving search and rescue operations, response initiatives, and debris management. For the study purposes, four different locations of Dhaka city have been selected to analyze the accessibility of emergency vehicle and equipment for rescue operations. The narrowest roads and vulnerable areas including individual houses have been identified using ArcGIS. The analysis reveals that a maximum of 60% houses of old Dhaka has been found vulnerable whereas in Uttara there are 2.4% vulnerable houses. In addition, the traffic volume analysis is performed for the most vulnerable area in terms of narrow roads. Thus, vulnerable houses have been identified on the basis of maximum congestion in a scenario of no disaster to access basic facilities like hospital and fire stations.
Co-Creating Public Value in E-Government
Authors: Lee-Geiller Seulki , Taejun (David) Lee
Published: June 2020

Prior e-government development models have tended to consider e-government development per se as a goal, rather than as a means to an end. Considering the public value creation as a goal of public organizations, recent studies have assessed government websites from public value perspectives, but they have focused on the internal production of universal public value and overlooked contextualized public value co-creation. This study examines the ways in which e-government development models may be extended to contextualized public value co-creation, using a mixed-methods approaches. This study provides evidence for the extension to a contextualization stage that complements the goal-oriented vision.
Preparation of Calcium Oxide/Zeolite Nanocomposite and its Application to Improve the Quality of Patchouli Oil
Authors: Wijaya Karna , Utami Maisari , Syoufian Akhmad , Hidayatullah Luthfan
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of CaO/zeolite nanocomposite as a highly active and effective adsorbent for patchouli oil purification has been developed. This research aims to improve the quality of patchouli oil by synthesizing CaO/zeolite nanocomposites using a solid-state mixing method. The used mass ratios of zeolite:CaO were 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0 (w/w), then nanocomposites with various zeolite-to-CaO ratios were then calcined at various temperature of 300°C, 400°C and 500°C. The zeolite, CaO and nanocomposites were characterized by using the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and surface area analyzer (SAA). The nanocomposites were then applied to patchouli oil and the assessment results of physical and chemical properties of patchouli oil were determined according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-2385-2006. After patchouli oil purification using ZECA nanocomposite, the acid number decreased from 5.42 to 0.39 mg KOH/g oil, the patchouli alcohol (PA) content increased from 33.08 to 34.27% and the Fe level decreased from 1.39 to 0.31 ppm.
Silica from Geothermal Waste as Reinforcing Filler in Artificial Leather
Authors: Syabani Muh. Wahyu , Amaliyana Ina , Hermiyati Indri , Supriyatna Yayat Iman
Published: June 2020

The main components of artificial leather were polymer, plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler. Silica is one of the commons reinforcing filler for many composites. Meanwhile, amorphous silica is usually precipitate in geothermal power plants and become solid waste in large amounts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of PVC-based artificial leather by utilizing geothermal silica as reinforcing filler. The plastisol was prepared by mixing the PVC, plasticizer, co-plasticizer, stabilizer, and filler with the amount of 100, 60, 3, 0.5 and 25 phr respectively. Commercial-calcium carbonate and geothermal-silica were used as filler for each sample formulation, then the non-filler plastisol also prepared as a reference. Artificial leather made by coating the release paper using the plastisol then heated at 190°C. The mechanical properties were investigated using a universal testing machine for the elongation, tensile strength and separation force. The surface morphology of each sample were analyzed using SEM. The results show us that the geothermal silica filled artificial leather has better elongation, tensile strength, and separation force compared to the calcium carbonate since there are stronger filler-polymer bonds formed. Therefore geothermal silica has high potential as filler for artificial leather, thus gives an alternative solution for the solid waste problem in geothermal power plant and also provide low-cost source of reinforcing fillers for artificial leather industries.
Triacetin Synthesis as Bio-Additive from Glycerol Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Mufrodi Zahrul , Astuti Erna , Syamsiro Mochamad , Sutiman  , Purwono Suryo
Published: June 2020

The government tries to anticipate the needs of fuel in Indonesia. Efforts to develop new fuels have also been done. New fuels and renewable energy that has been developed are water, wind, bioenergy, solar, ocean, and geothermal. Bioenergy which now widely developed is biodiesel. The development of biodiesel industry which has increased rapidly, was accompanied by government policies that are written in the blueprint of the national energy management, make the biodiesel production grow rapidly. Glycerol as a by-product of the biodiesel industry is available abundantly, so it is necessary to study alternative uses. One alternative is to process glycerol into triacetin which can be used as bio-additive. The reaction between glycerol and acetic acid using a batch reactor was done ​​on the mole ratio of catalyst/glycerol of 3.0%, the mole ratio of acetic acid/glycerol of 3/1, reaction temperature of 80-110°C and reaction time of 60 minutes. The optimum condition is achieved when the batch reaction was run with catalyst Amberlyst-15 at temperature of 110°C with conversion of 97.52% and selectivity triacetin of 89.74%.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Modulates Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeleton at the Immunological Synapse to Tune CTL Functions
Authors: Juzans Marie , Cuche Céline , Rose Thierry , Mastrogiovanni Marta , Bochet Pascal , Di Bartolo Vincenzo , Alcover Andrés
Published: June 2020

Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) is a cell polarity regulator and a tumor suppressor associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer. Apc involvement in T lymphocyte functions and antitumor immunity remains poorly understood. Investigating Apc-depleted human CD8 T cells and CD8 T cells from ApcMin/+ mutant mice, we found that Apc regulates actin and microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling at the immunological synapse, controlling synapse morphology and stability and lytic granule dynamics, including targeting and fusion at the synapse. Ultimately, Apc tunes cytotoxic T cell activity, leading to tumor cell killing. Furthermore, Apc modulates early TCR signaling and nuclear translocation of the NFAT transcription factor with mild consequences on the expression of some differentiation markers. In contrast, no differences in the production of effector cytokines were observed. These results, together with our previous findings on Apc function in regulatory T cells, indicate that Apc mutations may cause a dual damage, first unbalancing epithelial cell differentiation and growth driving epithelial neoplasms and, second, impairing T cell–mediated antitumor immunity at several levels.
Interplay between RAGE and TLR4 Regulates HMGB1-Induced Inflammation by Promoting Cell Surface Expression of RAGE and TLR4
Authors: Zhong Hanhui , Li Xiaolian , Zhou Shuangnan , Jiang Ping , Liu Xiaolei , Ouyang Mingwen , Nie Ying , Chen Xinying , Zhang Liangqing , Liu Youtan , Tao Tao , Tang Jing
Published: June 2020

Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and TLR4 play an important role in the inflammatory response against High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a late proinflammatory cytokine and a damage-associated molecular pattern. As cell surface receptors, both RAGE and TLR4 are constantly trafficking between the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. However, whether TLR4 is related to the intracellular transport of RAGE in HMGB1-induced inflammation remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that HMGB1 not only increased RAGE expression in both the cytoplasm and plasma membrane but also upregulated the expression of TLR4 in the plasma membrane. Knocking out of RAGE led to decreased MAPK activation, TLR4 cellular membrane expression, and corresponding inflammatory cytokine generation. Meanwhile, inhibiting MAPK activation also decreased TLR4 surface expression. These results indicated that HMGB1 may bind to cell surface RAGE receptors on the cell surface, leading to MAPK activation, thus promoting TLR4 translocation on the cell surface, but does not regulate its transcription and translation. In contrast, TLR4 can increase the transcription and translation of RAGE, which translocates to the cell surface and is able to bind to more HMGB1. The cell surface receptors TLR4 and RAGE bind to HMGB1, leading to the transcription and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we also observed these results in the mice pseudofracture model, which is closely related to HMGB1-induced inflammatory response. All these results demonstrated that the interplay between RAGE and TLR4 are critical for HMGB1-induced inflammatory response.
Short term effects of home-based bladder training and pelvic floor muscle training in symptoms of urinary incontinence
Authors: Ersin Aybuke , Demirbas Sule B. , Tarhan Fatih
Published: June 2020

Aim: The aim of this non-controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a homebased pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and bladder training (BT) in urinary incontinence (UI) among women. Patients and methods: The study included 25 individuals who were diagnosed with UI. PFMT which strengthens pelvic floor muscles was described to patients in litotomy position with using digital palpation method. PFMT was given as homebased exercise program for six weeks, 7 days a week and ten times a day. BT was planned according to the symptoms of the patients. Assessments were done at the beginning and at the end of the six weeks exercise program. The outcome measures were UI severity measured by pad test and QoL measured by King’s Health Questionnaire. The secondary outcome measure was lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual health measured by Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Index. Results: Pre- and post-treatment assessments done with pad test showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the severity of UI (p = 0.002). The difference between preand post-treatment QoL scores (p = 0.001) and lower tract symptom scores were also statistically significant (p = 0.000). Conclusions: When PFMT and BT were given together there was a decrease in the symptoms and increases the QoL.
Microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibilities isolated from urine cultures
Authors: Gul Abdullah , Gurbuz Esra
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common cause of infection among all infectious diseases at hospitals. Antibiogram results are needed to maintain treatment in patients with suspected UTI. However, empirical antibiotic treatment is initiated in patients since it takes time to obtain the results of antibiograms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urine culture and antibiogram results of patients who were admitted to our hospital with suspected UTI and compare the results with other studies. Methods: Urine cultures requested from the hospital information system database between January of 2018 and 2019 were analyzed. Microorganism-positive urine samples and antibiogram results were evaluated and included in the study. Results: Of the patients, 748 (61.8%) were female and 463 (38.2%) were male. The average age of all patients was 44.9 years. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganisms from urine cultures (n = 828, 68.4%). Among all microorganism-positive urine samples, antibiotic resistance against Cefalexin, Fusidic acid, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Levofloxacin, Cefuroxime Axetil, Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole, Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin was 83.9%, 68.4%, 61.8%, 44.7%, 42.7%, 36.4%, 30%, 28.6% and 26.7%, respectively. Conclusions: High resistance to Cefalexin, Ampicillin, Cefuroxime, Axetil, Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole, Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin, which are often preferred in empirical antibiotic selection, has been found. We believe that empirical antibiotic selection should not be overlooked in cases of UTI. Our study may help clinicians use appropriate antibiotics for the clinical management of UTIs.
Comparison of the efficiency, safety and pain scores of holmium laser devices working with 20 watt and 30 watt using in retrograde intrarenal surgery: One center prospective study
Authors: Sari Sercan , Çakici Mehmet Çaglar , Kartal Ibrahim Güven , Selmï Volkan , Özdemïr Harun , Ozok Hakkı Ugur , Karakoyunlu Ahmet Nihat , Yildiz Serkan , Hepsen Emre , Ozbal Serra , Ersoy Hamit
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Holmium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser lithotripsy is used in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery. Fragmentation is made with a certain value of pulse energy (Joule) and frequency (Hertz) in Holmium laser lithotripsy and the multiplication of these values gives us total power (Watt). Devices with maximum power of 20 Watt and 30 Watt are used in clinical practice. We want to compare the efficiency, safety and pain scores of the lithotripsy made below 20 Watt and over 30 Watt with 30 Watt laser device. Materials and methods: 60 patients who had 2-3 cm sized kidney stones and operation planned were prospectively divided into three groups. Groups were random identified. In the first group, fragmentation was performed below 20 Watt power with 20 Watt laser device. In the second group, fragmentation was performed below 20 Watt power with 30 Watt laser device. In the third group, fragmentation was performed over 20 Watt power with 30 Watt laser device. Demographic, stone, intraoperative and postoperative data were recorded. We compared these groups regarding efficiency, safety and pain score.Results: For demographic and stone data, there was a statistically significant difference only for stone number. For intraoperative and postoperative data, there was a statistically significant difference only for ureteral access sheath usage between the groups. Success was lower than the other groups in Group 1.Conclusions: Success was higher in groups using 30 Watt laser device. There was not statistically significantly difference between complications and pain. 30 Watt laser device is safe and efficient in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery.
Four-Week Ankle-Rehabilitation Programs in Adolescent Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Cain M. Spencer , Ban Rebecca J. , Chen Yu-Ping , Geil Mark D. , Goerger Benjamin M. , Linens Shelley W.
Published: June 2020

Context

Researchers have shown that rehabilitation programs incorporating resistance-band and balance-board exercises are effective for improving clinical measures of function and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, whether combining the 2 exercises increases improvement is unknown.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of 3 rehabilitation programs on clinical measures of balance and self-reported function in adolescent patients with CAI.

Design

Randomized controlled clinical trial (Trail Registration Number: ClinicalTrails.gov: NCT03447652).

Setting

High school athletic training facilities.

Patients or Other Participants

Forty-three patients with CAI (age = 16.37 ± 1.00 years, height = 171.75 ± 12.05 cm, mass = 69.38 ± 18.36 kg) were block randomized into 4 rehabilitation groups.

Intervention(s)

Protocols were completed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The resistance-band group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of ankle plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion with a resistance band. The Biomechanical Ankle Platform System group performed 5 trials of clockwise and counterclockwise rotations, changing direction every 10 seconds during each 40-second trial. The combination group completed resistance-band and Biomechanical Ankle Platform System programs during each session. The control group did not perform any exercises.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Variables were assessed before and after the intervention: time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test, side-hop test, figure-8 hop test, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. We conducted 4 separate multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance, followed by univariate analyses for any findings that were different.

Results

Using the time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test (medial, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions), and figure-8 hop test, we detected improvement for each rehabilitation group compared with the control group (P < .05). However, no intervention group was superior.

Conclusions

All 3 rehabilitation groups demonstrated improvement compared with the control group, yet the evidence was too limited to support a superior intervention. Over a 4-week period, either of the single-task interventions or the combination intervention can be used to combat the residual deficits associated with CAI in an adolescent patient population.
Utility of 1 Measurement Versus Multiple Measurements of Near Point of Convergence After Concussion
Authors: Ernst Nathan , Schatz Philip , Trbovich Alicia M. , Emami Kouros , Eagle Shawn R. , Mucha Anne , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P.
Published: June 2020

Context

Increased near point of convergence (NPC) distance is a common finding after concussion and is associated with physical symptoms and worsened neurocognitive performance. Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening measures NPC distance across 3 trials and uses the average measurement to inform clinical care. However, whether 3 trials are necessary, are consistent, or add clinical utility is unknown.

Objective

To investigate the consistency across 3 trials of NPC and establish the classification accuracy (ie, clinical utility) of 1 or 2 trials compared with the standardized average of 3 trials.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Sports medicine clinic and research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Consecutively enrolled patients aged 10 to 22 years with diagnosed concussions (74% sport related; n = 380).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The previously reported clinical cutoff value of ≥5 cm across 3 trials was used. Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate agreement between trials and average scores. Reliable change indices (RCIs) using 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.

Results

The Pearson correlation (r = .98) and intraclass correlation (0.98) coefficients revealed excellent agreement between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 measurements. The RCI across all trials was 2 cm. When the first NPC measurement was ≤3 cm or ≥7 cm, agreement existed within the RCI between the first measurement and the average of 3 measurements in 99.6% of cases. When we averaged the first and second measurements, 379/380 (99.7%) participants had the same classification (ie, <5 cm = normal, ≥5 cm = abnormal) as the average NPC distance across 3 measurements.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest limited utility of multiple or average NPC distance measurements when the initial NPC distance is outside of RCI clinical cutoffs (ie, ≤3 cm or ≥7 cm). Given the high consistency between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 trials, only 1 measurement of NPC distance is warranted unless the first measurement is between 3 and 7 cm.
Finiteness of mapping class groups: locally large strongly irreducible Heegaard splittings
Authors: Zou Yanqing , Qiu Ruifeng
Published: June 2020

By Namazi and Johnson’s results, for any distance at least 4 Heegaard splitting, its mapping class group is finite. In contrast, Namazi showed that for a weakly reducible Heegaard splitting, its mapping class group is infinite; Long constructed an irreducible Heegaard splitting where its mapping class group contains a pseudo anosov map. Thus it is interesting to know that for a strongly irreducible but distance at most 3 Heegaard splitting, when its mapping class group is finite.

In [19], Qiu and Zou introduced the definition of a locally large distance 2 Heegaard splitting. Extending their definition into a locally large strongly irreducible Heegaard splitting, we proved that its mapping class group is finite. Moreover, for a toroidal 3-manifold which admits a locally large distance 2 Heegaard splitting in [19], we prove that its mapping class group is finite.
The persuasive mechanism of monoglossic propositions in advertisments
Authors: Križan Agata
Published: June 2020

Bakhtin (1981, 427) does not regard bare assertions as simply neutral or factual, but as “undialogised” or “monoglossic”, and as such still not “free from subjective presencing of the speaker” (Thibault, 1997, 53). Based on such a view, in appraisal theory, monoglossic and heteroglossic propositions are defined as two discursive interpersonal choices for signalling the absence or presence of other voices within the category of engagement (Martin, White, 2005). Even though monoglossic propositions in advertisements apparently diminish their interpersonal and subjective value through undialogised positioning due to the absence of engagement elements, this value is nevertheless commonly increased by the highly evaluative nature of advertisements, which is often permeated by ideology. The paper identifies types of monoglossic propositions and investigates their evaluative charge in advertisements, which may contribute significantly to the overall persuasive rhetoric of advertisements, within the appraisal system (Martin, White, 2005).
A framing analysis of the debate about waste imports in Albania
Authors: Skënderi Rakipllari Elsa
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on an essentially environmental and recurrent debate about foreign waste imports in Albania. The aim of this paper is to examine the frames that are used by parties in this debate in order to persuade the public in favour of or against importing foreign waste. The representative actors of the foreign waste debate are politicians and environmental activists. Salient fragments of their speeches were collected and divided into two groups (in favour vs. against). Framing analysis is a widely used methodological approach in social sciences, with various conceptualizations in different research fields, such as in communication studies (Entman 1993), linguistics (Fillmore’s semantic frames; critical discourse analysis frames or schemata), psychology (frames in thought), sociology (frames in communication). The theoretical background section of the paper provides an overview of these main approaches in defining, detecting and extracting frames. In the present paper a linguistic approach is employed to detect and reconstruct frames of the debate. Following the methodological technique applied by Touri and Koteyko (2015), the frame packages extracted are: (a) environmental threat/ damage, (b) Albania’s existing problem with its own waste, (c) the Mafia, (d) the European Union, and (e) economic development. The analysis shows that frames are crucial in understanding how an issue is characterized in persuasive discourse when speakers draw attention to certain aspects of reality by dismissing others.
Politične moškosti na Kranjskem v 19. stoletju
Authors: Selišnik Irena
Published: June 2020

V prispevku se bom osredotočila na razmerje med politiko in moškostjo. Politika je bila v 19. stoletju moški svet in posledično so se razvile specifične oblike politične hegemone moškosti. Na podlagi virov bom identificirala in predstavila razvoj dveh oblik hegemone politične moškosti in politične alternativne moškosti na Kranjskem. Med liberalno in katoliško/konzervativno moškostjo ter alternativno delavsko/socialdemokratsko moškostjo je tako obstajalo kar nekaj razlik v različnih vrednotah, pa tudi v vsakodnevnih praksah (prepoznane v ravnanju s telesom (brkih, bradah, obleki) in ravnanjih (dvoboji in odnos do žensk)). Vsaka je predstavljala drugačno razumevanje v odnosu do sveta in dela, od individualnega do timskega dela, od drznosti do discipliniranosti. Članek temelji na spominih političnih akterjev, objavah iz periodičnih časopisov ter simbolnih prezentacijah moških teles na razglednicah in fotografijah.
Primož Repar: Dar osebe: Kocbek, Gosar, Krek
Authors: Hedžet Tóth Cvetka
Published: June 2020

V trenutku odhoda Janeza Stanovnika (1922–2020), očeta naroda, ki je izšel iz krščanskega socializma, v večnost je pred menoj obsežno delo Primoža Reparja Dar osebe: Kocbek, Gosar, Krek: Via Nova pravda. Že začetek tega dela (v nadaljevanju Dar osebe) z uvodno formulacijo Krščanski socializem na Slovenskem via nova pravda (9) takoj pritegne. Tu so imena, ki jih povezujemo z idejo organizirane solidarnosti, imenovane socializem, in takoj se postavi vprašanje, kako misliti nekaj, kar je ta trenutek demonizirano, velja za psovko, komunajzarstvo, totalitarizem. Podnaslov tega izjemnega dela bi se lahko glasil Filozofija družabnosti in pojem družabnost je v Daru osebe eden najbolj nosilnih in tudi temeljito razložen. Gre za pot, ki ostaja spodbuda, torej duhovna popotnica v smislu »možnosti tudi za novo ubranost politične skupnosti na Slovenskem« (11), tej poti pa vsekakor velja prisluhniti.
Trade Credit Contracts, Theories and their Applications: A Synthesis of the Literature
Authors: Dary Stanley Kojo , James Jr. Harvey S.
Published: June 2020

The paper studies theories relating to trade credit contracts as well as their applications and limitations, via review and synthesis of the trade credit literature. Using keywords and search phrases, the literature was identified from key economics, business and financedomains. Trade credit contracts are not complex, this can be explained by factors such as shortness of credit period, frequent transactions, proximity and interaction between trading parties, and effective informal enforcement mechanisms. In contrast to the longstanding conception that trade credit is more expensive than bank credit, trade credit is often cheaper than bank credit, hence its high incidence and level of use across countries. The high use of trade credit should warrant some policy attention, particularly trade credit regulation. Theories explaining trade credit are highly interconnected; most of them have received considerable empirical support in both developed and developing countries. The interconnected nature of the trade credit theories should inform methodological approaches to their empirical testing and present an opportunity for comprehensive theory development in the field.

Keywords: Trade Credit, Trade Credit Contracts, Trade Credit Theories, Trade Credit Motives, Trade Credit Supply and Demand
Formulation, characterization and wound-healing potential of emulgel and in-situ gel containing root extract of Saussurea lappa Clarke (Asteraceae)
Authors: Ahsan Aitazaz , Miana Ghulam A. , Naureen Humaira , Rehman Masood U. , Anum Kamil , Malik Imran
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the wound-healing potential of herbal formulations (emulgels and in situ gels) containing Saussurea lappa root extract  (SLRE) via excision wound induction in albino rats.

Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of roots of Saussurea lappa (SLRE) was performed using standard  procedures. In vitro anti-inflammatory assay of SLRE was conducted using heat-induced hemolysis method at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Acute  toxicity of SLRE was also evaluated in mice at a single dose of 1000 mg/kg for 24 h. Emulgels and in situ gels were prepared using different concentrations of SLRE and assessed for their organoleptic and physical properties. In vitro drug release studies of the prepared formulations were carried out by Franz diffusion cell and the data fitted into various pharmacokinetic models. Wound healing was assessed using excision wound induction (380 mm2) on dorsal surface of male albino rats. Each formulation (F4, F5, F6, G1, G2 and G3) and pyodine gel (standard) were applied topically (0.5 g) for 20 days. Wound contraction was measured every fourth day.

Results: SLRE showed 42.8 % inhibition in heat-induced hemolysis on erythrocyte membrane model, compared to aspirin (positive control).  Moreover, SLRE did not cause mortality in mice at the given doses. All the formulations were stable after one month stability check at 40 °C for emulgels and at 25 °C for in situ gels. All the formulations followed first order drug release pattern. In situ gel (G3) exhibited better wound healing (100 ± 0.0028) than emulgel (F6, 99 ± 0.004) containing 5 g extract and standard pyodine gel (91 ± 0.014, p <0.05).

Conclusion: The results indicate that in situ gel of SLRE exhibits significant wound healing in rats. Thus, the findings present a strategy for the formulation of gel products with better wound healing potentials.

Keywords: Saussurea lappa, Wound healing, Emulgel, In situ gel, Herbal formulation
Farrerol ameliorates diabetic hepatopathy in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus via modulation of oxidativeinflammatory stress
Authors: Dong Li , Yang Lixia , Liu Fengsui , Zhan Haitao , Chen Xinwei
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of farrerol on diabetic hepatopathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned to four groups of ten rats each: normal control, diabetic control, farrerol control and treatment groups. With the exception of normal control and farrerol control groups, the rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for four weeks, and thereafter injected streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p.) for induction of T2DM. Rats in farrerol control and treatment groups received 50 mg/kg farrerol orally/day. Serum levels of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein  cholesterol (HDL-C) and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in liver homogenate while mRNA and protein expressions of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were assayed in liver using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also determined using qRT-PCR.Results: Diabetes mellitus (DM) led to significant reductions in rat body weight and SOD activity, while increasing fasting blood glucose (FBG) and MDA levels (p < 0.05). However, treatment with farrerol significantly reversed the effect of DM on these parameters (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in diabetic control group than in normal control group, but were significantly reduced after farrerol treatment (p < 0.05). Treatment with farrerol also significantly reversed the effect of DM on rat lipid profile (p < 0.05). The expression of GLUT2 protein was significantly downregulated in the liver of diabetic control rats, when compared with normal control rats, but was significantly upregulated after treatment with farrerol (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study show that farrerol alleviates STZ-induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia via reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation, and upregulation of GLUT2 protein expression. Thus, farrerol has antidiabetic and hepatoprotective potentials for clinical use in  humans.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Farrerol, Hepatopathy, High-fat diet
Effects of mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, on proliferation, autophagy and temozolomide sensitivity of glioma cells
Authors: Dong Wei , Wang Jialiang , Liu Haipeng , Sun Shuo , Wang Yanbin
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To study the effect of the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, on glioma cell proliferation, autophagy, and drug sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ).Methods: Human glioma cell lines were cultured in vitro, and the effects of different concentrations of everolimus on the proliferation of brain glial cells were determined using CCK-8 method. The effect of different concentrations of everolimus on brain glial cell levels of autophagy protein were assayed by western blot method.Results: The results of CCK-8 analysis showed that everolimus inhibited the proliferation of glial cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Western blot results showed that the expression levels of autophagy proteins, LC3-II and LC3-II/I, were gradually and concentration-dependently up-regulated, while p62 protein level was gradually decreased concentration-dependently, when compared with blank control (p < 0.05). Treatment with different concentrations of TMZ alone, and in combination with everolimus for 48 h inhibited the proliferation of brain glial cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but the inhibition due to TMZ-everolimus combination was significantly higher than that of TMZ singletreatment (p < 0.05). After 48 h, the expression level of Beclin-1 increased with the ratio of LC3-II/LC-I in TMZ-everolimus group, while the expression level of p62 decreased, when compared with TMZ alone, or control (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Everolimus significantly inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells and promotes the occurrence of autophagy. Combined use of TMZ and everolimus significantly enhances the sensitivity of TMZ to glioma cells, inhibits cell proliferation, and promotes autophagy better than TMZ alone.

Keywords: mTOR inhibitor, Everolimus, Glioma cells, Proliferation, Autophagy
Compound xiebai capsule alleviates pulmonary vascular remodeling in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats
Authors: Wu Zhouye , Xi Zhaoqing
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of compound xiebai capsule (CXC) on pulmonary arterial vascular remodeling in a rat model of monocrotaline-mediated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Methods: PAH model was established through intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thereafter, the rats were grouped and treated with saline (control), nifedipine at a dose of 0.02 g/kg/day (positive control), or different doses of CXC (0.67, 1.00 and 1.32 g/kg/day). The effect of treatments on PAH were determined by measurement of hemodynamic indices and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI). Pathological features and ultrastructure of the lung tissue were examined by H & E staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expressions of proliferation-associated protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Western blotting was applied to assay the expressions of apoptotic pathway proteins.Results: CXC treatment decreased the levels of hemodynamic parameters in PAH rats, alleviated RVHI, improved pulmonary vascular remodeling, decreased vascular wall thickness and area (WT and WA), downregulated the expression of PCNA, and enhanced the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (cytochrome C, caspase-3, and caspase-9).Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the effect of CXC on vascular remodeling in PAH. The results indicate that CXC markedly reversed the deleterious changes in PAH-induced rat model.

Keywords: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Pulmonary vascular remodeling, Caspase, Cytochrome C, Apoptosis, Compound xiebai capsule
Radioprotective and anti-diabetic effects of Costus speciosus and carnosine
Authors: Marzook Ebtisam A. , Marzook Fawzy A. , Abd El Moneim Ahmed E.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the possible radioprotective effect of Costus speciosus and carnosine as natural antioxidants in order to control the  hyperglycemia developed in male albino rats exposed to acute oxidative stress induced by gamma radiation.

Methods: Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. The first group was taken as a control group, while the three other groups were exposed to Ɣ irradiation at a single 7.5 Gy dose. Furthermore, the rats in the second and third groups were i.p. injected with Costus speciosus root powder and carnosine, respectively. On the 3rd day, after irradiation, the serum levels of glucose, insulin, C peptide, copper, iron, calcium, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measureded.

Results: The results revealed that exposure to Ɣ irradiation induced significant increases in serum glucose, iron, and malondialdehyde. However, the levels of serum calcium, copper, total antioxidant capacity and insulin significantly decreased (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in Cpeptide in the exposed group, compared to control group. All the test parameters indicate improvement after treatment with Costus speciosus and carnosine (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Costus speciosus and carnosine ameliorate the effect of gamma radiation, indicating their role as antidiabetic agents and  radioprotectors; however, Costus speciosus was critically more efficient than carnosine.

Keywords: Costus speciosus, Carnosine, Diabetes, Insulin, Gamma radiation protection
Potentiation of raloxifene cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines via transdermal delivery and loading on self-emulsifying nanoemulsions
Authors: Aldawsari Hibah M. , Negm Aya A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To enhance raloxifene (RLX) delivery and cytotoxicity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines.

Methods: This was a solubility study of RLX in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. Twelve formulae were tested to reach the smallest  globular size, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, (HPMC), and Carbopol 947 polymers were tested for formation of transdermal films. The formula  with the lowest size was compared with raw RLX in diffusion studies using a Franz diffusion cell. Finally, a cytotoxicity study against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines was conducted.

Results: The maximum solubility of RLX was in Tween 80, peppermint oil, and PEG 200; therefore, these were the main components of the 12 formulations. The release of RLX loaded on the selfnanoemulsion drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was increased 3-fold compared with raw RLX.Cytotoxicity results revealed that RLX SNEDDs decreased MCF-7 cell survival by approximately 40 %, compared with raw RLX (control), which augmented the RLX suppression of breast cancer cell lines.

Conclusion: Improvement in RLX cytotoxicity is a novel strategy to suppress breast cancer.

Keywords: Raloxifene, Osteoporosis, Bioavailability, Nanoemulsion, Nanoparticles
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antiinflammatory properties of novel α, β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Alrubaie Leaqaa A. , Muhasin Raheem J. , Mousa Mazin N.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To prepare and characterize alicyclic aromatic chalcone derivatives, and study their antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties.Methods: Claisen-Schmidt (aldol condensation) base-catalyzed condensation was used for preparation of chalcone derivatives (compounds I - IV), and the products were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), FT-IR spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbone 13CNMR and mass spectroscopy (MS). The antibacterial effect of the compounds was determined against Baci. cereus, Staph. Aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. In addition, their anti-inflammatory effects were assayed using cotton granule-induced granuloma in mice. The results were compared with those for diclofenac, a standard drug. The synthesized derivatives were subjected to theoretical studies on their stabilities, and some chemical parameters were calculated using density function theory [DFT].Results: Using Claisen-Schmidt reaction, it was possible to prepare stable chalcone derivatives, such as derivatives of 2-(3-phenyl  acryloyl)cyclopentan-1-one, with good results. Depending on the substituted group, it was also shown that the derivatives had effective biological effects. Compound IV displayed a noticeable antibacterial effect against Staph. aureus and E. coli. The prepared chalcone derivatives exerted markedly variable anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusion: These results indicate that Claisen-Schmidt reaction is not limited to the preparation of chalcone derivatives from diphenyl structures  only. Stable alicyclic aromatic structures can also be used. This results in derivatives with good biological effects.

Keywords: Chalcones, Claisen-Schmidt, Anti-inflammatory effects, Granuloma, Aldol Condensation
Immunoprotective evaluation of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A against the main pathogens of animal mastitis
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Nana , Rong Na , Kang Chao , Chen Chunlin , Wu Sanqiao , Liu Xiang , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate prokaryotic expression of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and its immunoprotective function against the main pathogens of animal mastitis.Methods: A molecular cloning method was used to develop a prokaryotic strain expressing OmpA protein, which was purified by Ni-affinity  chromatography. Polyclonal antiserum was generated in mice immunized with OmpA protein. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting were used to determine the titer and verify anti-OmpA serum specificity, respectively. Interaction between OmpA antiserum and main pathogens of animal mastitis was verified by ELISA and a pull-down method. The immune protective function of OmpA protein was evaluated in mice challenged with pathogens of animal mastitis. Optimal fermentation conditions to produce OmpA protein were determined by the L9(34) orthogonal test.Results: A prokaryotic strain expressing OmpA protein was developed, and purified OmpA was used to develop a mouse polyclonal antibody. The anti-OmpA serum exhibited high specificity and a titer of 1:1600. Anti-OmpA serum directly interacted with E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). OmpA demonstrated a significant immune protective function of 58.33 % against E. coli and 46.15 % against S. aureus. The optimal conditions for expressing fermentation OmpA were a strain absorbance of 0.5 at a wavelength of 600 nm, IPTG final concentration of 0.3 mmol/L, induction time of 12 h, and induction temperature of 28 °C.Conclusion: OmpA possesses selective immunogenicity and a significant immune protective effect against the main pathogens of animal mastitis. The results suggest that OmpA may potentially be used as a vaccine for animal mastitis.

Keywords: E. coli, OmpA protein, Immunoprotection, Animal mastitis, Protein fermentation