bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printed Teeth with Included Veneer Preparation Guide
Authors: Höhne Christian , Rammler Tanja , Schmitter Marc
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was the design, feasibility, and evaluation of a 3D printed tooth model with internal preparation for dental education in veneer preparation.

Material and Methods

A tooth with two different colored layers for the crown and the preparation form was designed and printed by a stereolithographic printer. In a voluntary course, 40 third‐ to fifth‐year dental students were trained with these printed teeth in the clinical course. They had the opportunity to prepare four 3D printed teeth with an integrated veneer preparation. During their studies, they used standardized model teeth. The students rated the advantage in a questionnaire according to German school grades (1 best to 6 worst). For reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha was calculated. Significant differences between groups were calculated using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test.

Results

The production of the teeth was feasible and cost‐effective. The overall mean rating of the printed teeth in the questionnaire was 1.8 ± 0.18. The students rated the learning results with the printed tooth as significantly better than the standard model tooth (mean 3.0 ± 0.86 vs. mean 2.1 ± 0.95; p < 0.001). The item “is a more suitable exercise option” in contrast to standard model teeth was evaluated with 1.9 ± 0.61. The item “the included preparation was clearly visible in color” was rated with 1.7 ± 0.71. “The tooth model illustrated visually an ideal preparation” was rated with 1.8 ± 0.65. Additionally, the students were interested in including more printed teeth into their studies (1.7 ± 0.86). In the open questions the students reported great benefits of this method.

Conclusions

The feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. The students favored working on the innovative 3D‐teeth with internal veneer preparation, emphasizing the usefulness of this technique in dental education. The tooth enabled the students to control their preparation permanently on their own.
Assessment of medication knowledge among patients with asthma
Authors: Almomani Basima A , Altawalbeh Shoroq M , Alnajjar Munther S , Momany Suleiman M
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Asthmatic patient's knowledge about their treatment can affect asthma control and adherence level. This study investigated the level of medication knowledge, the level of adherence and factors affecting both knowledge and adherence in adult patients with asthma.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in Jordan between 2017 and 2018. A face-to-face interview was conducted by a clinical pharmacist with asthma patients attending hospital pharmacies for refilling their prescriptions.

Key findings

A total of 218 adults with asthma were included into the study and 60.6% were knowledgeable about their medications. University degree education (OR = 3.67; P value < 0.001), positive family history of asthma (OR = 1.89; P value = 0.04) and longer asthma duration (OR = 1.03; P value = 0.049) were significantly associated with a high medication knowledge. On the other hand, married participants were less knowledgeable than single ones (OR = 0.30; P value = 0.041). High medication knowledge score (OR = 4.76, P value = 0.008), older age (OR = 1.06, P value = 0.004) and male gender (OR = 3.82, P value = 0.01) were significant predictors of high medication adherence.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of educational programmes that should be conducted in primary healthcare settings, such as community pharmacies, where pharmacists should educate patients about their medication and the importance of adherence.
Union negotiations, product market cooperation, and profits
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Wang Leonard F. S.
Published: September 2020

Within the context of a unionized duopoly with decentralized Right‐to‐Manage wage negotiations, this paper investigates how different measures of product market cooperation impact firms' profitability. In the presence of exogenous production costs, a classical result in industrial economics is that conjectural derivatives (CD) and conjectural elasticities (CE) lead to similar results, and CE reproduce exactly the same output decision level (and, therefore, profits) of the coefficient of cooperation (CC). These results show that wage bargaining alters those relations; in particular, the equivalence of the CE and CC no longer holds true.
Acanthamoeba castellanii as an alternative interaction model for the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: de Faria Lucas V. , do Carmo Paulo H. F. , da Costa Marliete C. , Peres Nalu T. A. , Rodrigues Chagas Isabela A. , Furst Cinthia , Ferreira Gabriella F. , Costa Adriana O. , Santos Daniel A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Trichophyton rubrum (Tr) is the main aetiological agent of human dermatophytosis, being isolated from the environment and keratinised tissues. In the environment, Tr can interact with other organisms, such as free‐living amoebas (FLA), which can act as an alternative host system to study the interaction between microbes and phagocytic cells.

Objectives

To characterise the Acanthamoeba castellanii (ALX)‐Tr interaction.

Methods

Interaction was characterised in three conditions: trophozoites (PYG), late (PYG/NES) and early (NES) encystation stimulus, evaluating encystation kinetics, phagocytosis, exocytosis and fungicidal activity dynamics.

Results

Tr was able to induce ALX encystation and be internalised by ALX. The number of internalised conidia was high at 1 hour, and ALX presented fungicidal activity with increased intracellular ROS production and exocytosis. In PYG/NES, phagocytosis and ROS production were reduced, with decreased ALX’s fungicidal activity. However, in NES there was an increased fungal engulfment, and a reduced ROS production and higher fungal burden. Furthermore, exogenous mannose decreased phagocytosis of Tr conidia, and divalent cations induced ROS production and increased ALX’s fungicidal activity. Interestingly, phagocytosis was reduced in the presence of cytoskeleton inhibitor, but exocytosis was increased, suggesting that Tr conidia may have alternative pathways to escape ALX's cells.

Conclusion

A castellanii is a proper model for studying Tr‐FLA interaction, since ALX can engulf, produce ROS and kill Tr, and all these parameters are influenced by an encystation stimulus and divalent cations. Moreover, this interaction is likely to occur in the environment implicating in the adaptation to environmental stressful conditions in both organisms.
ATG genes, new players on early Fe toxicity response in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Maltzahn Latóia Eduarda , Viana Vívian Ebeling , Busanello Carlos , Venske Eduardo , Girardi César Luis , Costa de Oliveira Antonio , Pegoraro Camila
Published: September 2020

Rice yield is frequently impaired by abiotic adverse conditions in several parts of the globe. One of these constraints is soil iron toxicity. Plants respond to adverse conditions by activating different mechanisms, some of which have already been elucidated. Recently, autophagy has been associated with plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, however, the involvement of this mechanism in the response to iron toxicity has never been studied. Autophagy is a process of recycling cellular components and involves approximately 30 genes in rice. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterise the regulation and transcriptional activation of OsATG genes in rice seedlings under iron toxicity. In this condition, OsATG genes were induced in the tolerant genotype and repressed in the sensitive one. Also, OsATG gene promoters are rich in W‐box cis‐regulatory elements targeted by WRKY transcription factors. These results suggest that OsATG genes are involved in early iron toxicity response and the regulation of these genes can occur via WRKY. This study provides early insights into the involvement of autophagy in iron toxicity response.
Public health nurses’ workforce factors and population health outcomes in the United States
Authors: Gwon Seok Hyun , Cho Young Ik , Paek Soonhwa , Ke Weiming
Published: September 2020

Objectives

(a) To examine associations between public health nurse (PHN) workforce factors (PHNs’ highest education and PHNs’ mean years of employment) and health‐risk behaviors (smoking and physical inactivity rates), and (b) to investigate the associations between PHN workforce factors and premature mortality rates across all counties of the United States.

Design

Secondary analysis. Sample: A total of 5,705 PHNs from the 2015 National Nursing Workforce Survey and 2,977 U.S. counties from the 2016 County Health Rankings & Roadmaps data were included.

Methods

Multilevel linear regression was used.

Results

Bachelor's, and master's or doctorate‐prepared PHNs accounted for 41.5% and 17.0%, respectively. The mean year of employment among PHNs was 17.3. The percentages of PHNs with bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees were significantly associated with decreased physical inactivity rates. The PHNs’ mean year of employment was significantly associated with decreased physical inactivity rates and reduced premature age‐adjusted mortality rates.

Conclusions

The findings indicated that PHNs with higher levels of education and more years of employment were important in improving health outcomes (health‐risk behavior and premature mortality). Policymakers need to consider strategies to encourage more PHNs to obtain advanced degrees and to retain PHNs longer in the public health field.
Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Car Sharing Market
Authors: Abouee‐Mehrizi Hossein , Baron Opher , Berman Oded , Chen David
Published: September 2020

In this study, we examine whether it is optimal to use electric vehicles (EVs) in the car sharing market and investigate the environmental impact of pulling the EVs from the market. We develop a model consisting of a profit‐maximizing car sharing company (CSC) and a population of utility‐maximizing customers. The CSC sets the number of EVs, the number of fuel vehicles (FVs), and the rental price jointly to maximize its profit. Customers decide whether to use EVs, FVs, or public transportation to complete their trips considering the rental price. We show that it is optimal to use EVs only if the charging speed, the number of charging stations, and the range of EVs are high enough. Among these three conditions, the recharging speed is the most important and the number of charging stations is more important than the range of EVs. We also find that including EVs in the car sharing market may lead to a higher total emission when ignoring customers’ other transportation choices (due to a lower rental price that results in a higher usage rate). Moreover, we consider the problem with the objective of maximizing the social welfare and find that when considering the environmental impact, governments should tax the CSC to induce a higher rental price and when ignoring this impact, they should subsidize the CSC to reduce the rental price. We demonstrate our results with the case study of Car2go. These results are in line with that the slow recharging speed may have been one of the contributing factors to that Car2go replaced EVs with FVs in San Diego.
Combined effect of three common lifestyle factors on cognitive impairment among older Chinese adults: a community‐based, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Qian Yu‐Xi , Ma Qing‐Hua , Sun Hong‐Peng , Xu Yong , Pan Chen‐Wei
Published: September 2020

Aim

Lifestyle factors may influence cognitive function. Therefore, we compared the risk of cognitive impairment (COI) of all possible combinations of three lifestyle factors—tea consumption, physical activity, and siesta (afternoon nap or rest)—to the absence of any of these lifestyle factors.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study consisted of 4579 community‐dwelling Chinese individuals aged 60 years or older living in Suzhou. Among the subjects were 3634 participants with normal cognition and 945 who had been diagnosed with COI according to the Abbreviated Mental Test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a multivariate‐adjusted model by logistic regression.

Results

Individually, tea consumption and physical activity significantly lowered the risk of COI to 0.66 (95%CI: 0.48–0.90) and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.65–0.96), respectively. In combination, physical activity and siesta reduced the risk of COI to the greatest extent (OR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.31–0.64). Based on multivariate adjustment, almost all combinations of factors had a significant negative association with COI, but the combination of tea consumption and siesta had an irrelevant correlation with COI. All combinations of lifestyle factors had a lower OR than any single lifestyle factor among the correlations that were significant.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, engaging in physical activity in combination with either or both of the other lifestyle factors was associated with a lower OR of having COI than adhering on a single factor in elderly Chinese people.
Government Openness and Public Trust: The Mediating Role of Democratic Capacity
Authors: Schmidthuber Lisa , Ingrams Alex , Hilgers Dennis
Published: September 2020

The open government paradigm implies that public processes are becoming more transparent, public information is available online, and citizens and nongovernmental organizations are encouraged to interact with public administration through new platform‐based forms of participation and collaboration. Though these governmental efforts to open up organizational procedures to the public are meant to strengthen the relationship between citizens and the government, empirical evidence is currently sparse and mixed. This article argues that positive impacts of openness depend on citizen's democratic capacity defined as the individual sense of empowerment to influence governmental systems. By matching individual survey data from the European Social Survey with secondary institutional data, the authors investigate the relationship between individual‐ and structural‐level variables. Findings indicate that structural openness is, in general, positively associated with higher trust. Further, the effect of openness on public trust is partially mediated by an individual's perception that they have meaningful opportunities for political participation.
Listening Out, Listening For, Listening In: Cold War Radio Broadcasting and the Late Soviet Audience
Authors: ROTH‐EY KRISTIN
Published: September 2020

This article interrogates the well‐known phenomenon of western broadcasting to the Soviet Union from the little‐known vantage point of the audience's sonic experience and expression. I use the example of the BBC's main popular music program in the late USSR, Rok posevy, with its remarkable presenter, Seva Novgorodsev, to explore fundamental questions about the who, how, and why of listening to the so‐called “enemy voices.” The popularity of Novgorodsev's show, I argue, is best understood in the context of the Soviet soundscape and, in particular, of longstanding Soviet media practices, including radio jamming and Soviet ideologies of the voice. Novgorodsev's Rok posevy presented listeners with a powerful alternative sociocultural space, one that promoted models of authority and community very different from Soviet norms and, indeed, antithetical to Soviet norms.
Mucosal chemokine CXCL17: What is known and not known
Authors: Xiao Shiyu , Xie Wenhui , Zhou Liya
Published: September 2020

CXCL17, the last described chemokine, has recently been found to be abundantly and specifically expressed in mucosal sites, while its receptor is still not well determined. Accumulative studies indicate that CXCL17 could potentially exhibit chemotactic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial activities under multiple biological conditions. However, the mechanism by which it contributes to the physiological and pathological processes within specific mucosal tissues is still far from being fully elucidated. In this present review, we therefore summarize the current available evidence of CXCL17 with specific emphasis on its biological role and pathophysiological significance, in order to aid in the advancement of CXCL17‐related studies.
Giving (Money) Back To Parents: Racial/Ethnic and Immigrant–Native Variation in Monetary Exchanges During the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Lanuza Yader R.
Published: September 2020

Scholars consistently find that parents provide economic support to their young adult children through the transition to adulthood. However, scholars rarely examine whether young adults contribute monetary resources to their parents. To test this proposition, I use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, and the case of “money for living expenses.” Overall, monetary independence is the modal category for all groups. However, when I compare across groups, I find that White young adults with native‐born parentage are more likely to report monetary independence, African Americans are more likely to report monetary interdependence and Asian and Latino children of immigrants are more likely to report child‐to‐parent assistance compared to each other, with SES explaining most, but not all, of these differences. I argue that young adult offspring in non‐White families are more likely to provide monetary support to their parents during the transition to adulthood. These transfers may deplete resources for non‐White young adults and may exacerbate racial/ethnic inequality during the transition to adulthood.
The anti‐politics of sustainable development: Environmental critique from assemblage thinking in Bolivia
Authors: Hope Jessica
Published: September 2020

In this paper I argue that assemblage theory provides an innovative way to extend critique of sustainable development as it is being remade by the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing on recent fieldwork in Bolivia, I examine the early take‐up and implementation of the SDGs in a site of intensifying resource extraction and struggles for radical development alternatives. Based on this analysis, I argue that the SDGs as assemblage act as a form of anti‐politics by rendering neutral and apolitical the conflictive politics of extractivism.
Two novel antithetical KN blood group antigens may contribute to more than a quarter of all KN antisera in Europe
Authors: Grueger Daniela , Zeretzke Anja , Habicht Cora P. , Skaik Younis , Wagner Franz F. , Scharberg Erwin A. , Costelloe Aisling , Martens Jörg , Verboom Murielle , Bugert Peter , Schneeweiss Clemens
Published: September 2020

Background

All antigens described in the KN blood group system are located in the long homologous repeat D (LHR‐D) of complement receptor 1 (CR1). While there have been reports that some sera react only with the long homologous repeat C (LHR‐C), the antigens in LHR‐C are unknown.

Study Design and Methods

Recombinant LHR‐C and LHR‐D were used to identify antibodies directed against LHR‐C of CR1, into which a point mutation was introduced to characterize the underlying blood group antigens. In addition, database studies to define haplotypes of CR1 were performed.

Results

Several antisera were identified that were specific against CR1 p.1208His and against CR1 p.1208Arg, located in LHR‐C. Fifteen KN haplotypes were found in the Ensembl genome browser. It was shown that due to a linkage disequilibrium anti‐CR1 p.1208His may be mistaken for anti‐KCAM.

Conclusion

A novel antithetical KN blood group antigen pair was found at position p.1208 of CR1, for which the names DACY and YCAD are proposed. Antibodies against these two novel antigens seem to contribute to more than a quarter of all KN sera in Europe.
Hybrid Feature Extraction Technique for Multi-Classification of Ictal and Non-Ictal EEG Epilepsy Signals
Authors: Saminu Sani , Xu Guizhi , Zhang Shuai , Isselmou Abd El Kader , Jabire Adamu Halilu , Karaye Ibrahim Abdullahi , Ahmad Isah Salim
Published: September 2020

These Electroencephalography (EEG) signals is an effective tool for identification, monitoring, and treatment of epilepsy, but EEG signals need highly experienced personnel to interpret it correctly due to its complexity, even for an expert it is monotonous and usually consume much time. Therefore, the automatic computer-aided device (CAD) needs to be developed to overcome those challenges associated with epilepsy interpretation and diagnosis. The system efficiency relies largely on the quality of features supply as input to classifiers. This paper presents an efficient feature extraction technique to develop a CAD system that can detect and classify normal, interictal and ictal epilepsy signals correctly with high accuracy. Our approach employs time-frequency features, statistical features and nonlinear features combined as hybrid features to train and test the classifier. Machine learning classifiers of multi-class support vector machine (mSVM) and feed-forward neural network (FFNN) with fivefold cross-validation are used to classifies normal, interictal and ictal with our proposed features. Our system was tested using a publicly available database with three classes each of 100 single channels EEG signals of 4096 samples point each. Based on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, our proposed approach of multiclass classification shows a good performance with 96.7%, 98.3% and 100% of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy respectively.
Torsional Oscillations Mitigation via Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Brake Control
Authors: Fayez Mohamed , Bendary Fahmy Metwally , El-Hadidy Mohamed , Mandor Mohamed Adel
Published: September 2020

Turbine-generator shaft torsional oscillations is an interdisciplinary power system dynamic problem because it encompasses mechanical and electrical sectors of power grids. They give rise to a premature expenditure of fatigue life of the turbine-generator shaft metal which could lead to shaft cracks. This paper introduces an interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller to regularize the dynamic braking interventions of a novel braking resistor model for mitigation of torsional oscillations resulting from unsuccessful autoreclosure procedures near generation stations. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is elucidated by considering the unsuccessful autoreclosure of three-phase-to-ground fault in a single machine infinite bus power system via MATLAB/Simulink-based modeling and simulation environment with the help of interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller toolbox. The comparative simulation results with and without the suggested mitigation regime show that the proposed scheme is effective in the mitigation of torsional torque oscillations
Effect of Water on Polypropylene/Barium  Titanate Nanocomposites
Authors: Azman Mohammad Syarif , Kwan Yiew Lau
Published: September 2020

In high voltage systems, it is important to have good insulation systems in order to transfer power over a long distance. The use of polymer nanocomposites could make differences in insulation system. However, the presence of water in nanocomposites could negatively affect the performance of nanocomposites as it is found that nanocomposites can absorb more water than unfilled polymers. This study investigated the AC breakdown strength of polypropylene (PP) as polymers blends with 1 wt%, 2 wt% and 5 wt% of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanofiller and analyzed the effect of water absorption on breakdown strength of polypropylene added with different amount of barium titanate nanofiller. All the samples of nanocomposites were then subjected to water absorption process for certain periods which are 0 days, 10 days, and 20 days to evaluate how much water can be absorbed by the samples and its effect on breakdown strength of nanocomposites. While AC breakdown test was conducted according to standard of American Society for Testing ance Material (ASTM) D149 to correlate the effect of water absorption with the breakdown strength of nanocomposites containing barium titanate.
Time course of neuromuscular responses to acute hypoxia during voluntary contractions
Authors: McKeown Daniel J. , McNeil Chris J. , Simmonds Michael J. , Kavanagh Justin J.
Published: September 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

How does acute hypoxia alter central and peripheral fatigue during brief and sustained maximal voluntary muscle contractions?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Perception of fatigue during muscle contractions was increased progressively for 2 h after hypoxic exposure. However, an increase in motor cortex excitability and a decrease in voluntary activation of skeletal muscle were observed across the entire protocol when performing brief (3 s) maximal contractions. These adaptations were abolished if the brief contraction was held for a duration of 20 s, which was presumably attributable to a successful redistribution of blood to overcome the reduced oxygen content.

Few studies have examined the time course of changes in the motor system after acute exposure to hypoxia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how acute hypoxia affects corticospinal excitability, voluntary activation (VA) and the perception of fatigue during brief (3 s) and sustained (20 s) maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Fourteen healthy individuals (23 ± 2.2 years of age; four female) were exposed to hypoxia and sham conditions. During hypoxia, peripheral blood oxygen saturation was titrated over a 15 min period and remained at 80% during testing. Corticospinal excitability and VA were assessed before titration (Pre), 0, 1 and 2 h after. At each time point, the brief and sustained elbow flexion MVCs were performed. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Superimposed and resting twitches were obtained from motor point stimulation of biceps brachii to calculate the level of VA, and ratings of perceived fatigue were obtained with a modified CR‐10 Borg scale. A condition‐by‐time interaction was detected for the CR‐10 Borg scale, whereby perception of fatigue increased progressively throughout the hypoxia protocol. However, main effects of MEP area and VA indicated that corticospinal excitability increased, and VA of the biceps brachii decreased, throughout the hypoxia protocol. Given that these changes in MEP area and VA were seen only when performing the brief MVCs (and not during the sustained MVCs), performing longer contractions might overcome reduced oxygen content by redirecting blood flow to active areas of the motor system.
Cumplimiento de una estrategia de higiene de las manos en ambientes asistenciales
Authors: Salcedo-Cifuentes Mercedes , Ordóñez-Hernández Cecilia Andrea , Calvo-Soto Andrea Patricia
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Si bien la higiene de las manos es la medida más importante en la mitigación del riesgo biológico en ambientes hospitalarios, evidencia científica muestra un escaso cumplimiento de las recomendaciones entre los trabajadores asistenciales. Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de cinco dimensiones que fortalecen la estrategia de higiene de las manos para la prevención del riesgo biológico en ambientes asistenciales. Método: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal, en cinco instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Con el Test de Medianas se evaluó si había diferencias significativas entre el grupo de profesionales por institución de salud, considerando significante una p ≤ 0,05. El análisis finalizó con un análisis discriminante. Resultados: La representatividad estuvo en las instituciones hospitalarias de primer nivel en las cuales el personal de enfermería, seguido por los médicos, tuvo un mejor cumplimiento del protocolo de lavado de manos. Este porcentaje se vio impactado por el menor cumplimiento de suministro de insumos e infraestructura. Hay una perfecta diferenciación entre los resultados del municipio de Cali con relación al de Caicedonia, en contraste con los de Popayán, Buga y Buenaventura. Conclusión: Se encontró un incumplimiento del protocolo de higiene de las manos, con una calificación inaceptable para los factores de insumos/infraestructura y técnica de higiene de las manos, respectivamente.
Cómo perciben los hombres tener diabetes mellitus tipo 2: casos en Bogotá
Authors: Chaparro Diaz Lorena , Carreño Sonia Patricia , Mendoza-Catalán Geu , Gutiérrez-Valverde Juana Mercedes
Published: September 2020

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica que se percibe y se maneja de distintas maneras según las concepciones que cada persona tiene y que pueden ser diferentes según el género. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de estar enfermo de los hombres con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población colombiana. Método: Estudio cualitativo-descriptivo con análisis de contenido basado en una categorización de tipo inductivo. Se incluyeron 6 participantes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de ser hombres mayores de 30 años con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y con una duración de la enfermedad de al menos un año, durante 2016. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas sobre su proceso y percepción de la enfermedad en su vida, las cuales se analizaron y codificaron por medio del programa Atlas.ti. Resultados: Las 7 categorías obtenidas dan cuenta de la percepción de los hombres respecto a la enfermedad en la que asocian la salud con ausencia de síntomas y dolor, poder entender lo que era tener diabetes implicó un proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación en el que buscaron darle sentido a la diabetes a través conocer qué es la enfermedad y cómo incorporarla a la vida cotidiana Conclusión: La vivencia de la diabetes en los hombres adultos mayores colombianos representa las dificultades para aceptar el diagnóstico, comprometerse con comportamientos de autocuidado adecuados para el control de la diabetes y reconocer y buscar ayuda asistencial cuando la requieren por complicaciones de la enfermedad.
Mecanismos de resistencia a fluconazol expresados por Candida glabrata: una situación para considerar en la terapéutica
Authors: Cárdenas Parra Leidy Yurani , Perez Cárdenas Jorge Enrique
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Los esfuerzos terapéuticos orientados a atender las micosis por Candida spp. se han enfocado en el empleo de azoles; sin embargo, en la literatura científica se discute su beneficio, por los amplios y descritos mecanismos de resistencia. Objetivo: Describir los mecanismos de resistencia al fluconazol expresados por la especie Candida glabrata, con la intención de que sean considerados dentro de las variables de elegibilidad para la intervención. Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa utilizando la pregunta orientadora: ¿cuáles son los mecanismos de resistencia al fluconazol expresados por la especie Candida glabrata? Veintinueve estudios obtenidos de la base de datos PubMed cumplieron los criterios del análisis crítico propuesto por el instrumento PRISMA, utilizado para la selección de los artículos incluidos para su revisión en este manuscrito. Las categorías bajo las cuales se organizaron los elementos de análisis fueron: sobrexpresión de bombas de eflujo y modificaciones en la enzima lanosterol 14-alfa-desmetilasa. Resultados: Los mecanismos de resistencia al fluconazol expresados por Candida glabrata están determinados principalmente por la regulación a la alza de bombas de adenosina-trifosfato Binding Cassette (ABC) y por la modificación del punto de unión con su blanco farmacológico: la enzima lanosterol 14-alfa-desmetilasa. Conclusión: Los mecanismos de resistencia expresados por Candida glabrata se asocian con la modificación estructural de la diana farmacológica y la sobreexpresión de bombas de eflujo de manera diferencial a otras especies. Se sugiere que Candida glabrata es intrínsecamente menos susceptible al fluconazol.
Perfil del cuidador primario en pacientes diabéticos en dos comunidades
Authors: González Velázquez María Susana , Crespo Knopfler Silvia
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Las enfermedades de carácter crónico se han convertido en una de las preocupaciones más importantes de la sociedad moderna, debido a que significa una estadía permanente en los sistemas de salud, al tiempo que implican que un tercero se haga cargo del enfermo. Objetivo: Describir el perfil del cuidador primario del paciente diabético en dos comunidades mexicanas. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo de agosto de 2017 a noviembre de 2018 con 38 cuidadores primarios de personas que padecen diabetes mellitus tipo 2, provenientes de dos clínicas universitarias de atención a la salud (CUAS). En la CUAS Zaragoza participaron 17 cuidadores primarios, y en la CUAS Reforma, 21. Se aplicó el instrumento denominado Valoración para el cuidador primario. Resultados: La edad promedio de los cuidadores es de 60 años ± 15 años. El género predominante es el femenino. La mayoría tiene estudios de primaria y el 68 % padece alguna enfermedad. El parentesco que predominó con los pacientes son esposas(os). El 73 % de los cuidadores cuenta con apoyo de sus familiares. El 55 % tiene un conocimiento regular sobre la diabetes mellitus y en los valores del cuidador predominó tenerle respeto a su paciente. Conclusiones: Conocer el perfil de los cuidadores permitirá a los profesionales de enfermería establecer diferentes estrategias de salud que les permita reforzar el conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad y así mejorar el estilo de vida de los pacientes para brindarles apoyo, dado el impacto y el desgaste que genera ser cuidador primario en una enfermedad.
Experimental Study on the Film-Cooling Characteristics of the Cylindrical Holes Embedded in Sine-Wave Shaped Trench
Authors: Zhang Bo-lun , Zhu Hui-ren , Liu Cun-liang , Wei Jian-sheng
Published: September 2020

An experimental investigation has been performed to study the film-cooling performance of the cylindrical holes embedded in the sine-wave-shaped-trench. The sine-wave-shaped-trench is obtained by changing the trailing edge of the transverse trench into sine-wave shape; the holes are located next to the peaks of the wave. The sine-wave-shaped-trench is expected to get a wider spread of the cooling jet in the spanwise direction. The film-cooling effectiveness, heat-transfer coefficient, and discharge coefficient of the sine-wave-shaped-trench hole configurations with different trench depths (0.75D, 1D) and wave peaks (1D, 2D) are measured by the transient thermal liquid measurement technique. The blowing ratio covers a range from 0.5 to 2.0. The transverse trench hole is investigated as a basis of the comparison. Thermal and hydrodynamic fields are investigated numerically using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations with Realizable k–ε turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment. Results show that broadening the wave peak of the sine-wave-shaped-trench improves the spanwise uniformity of the injection. There is a pair of anticounter-rotating vortices formed downstream of the sine-wave-trailing-edge. Increasing the trench depth shows positive effects on the heat-transfer coefficients ratio of the sine-wave-shaped-trench. The discharge coefficients of the sine-wave-shaped-trenches are higher than that of the transverse trench which means the sine-wave shape trench has a lower flow resistance.
Mode and Intensity of Physical Activity During the Postacute Phase of Sport-Related Concussion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baker Barbara , Koch Eric , Vicari Kevin , Walenta Kyle
Published: September 2020

Introduction:Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have received attention due to their prevalence in youth. An SRC results from a strong force causing neurological impairment. Recent research has recommended rehabilitation within the first week post-SRC after 24 to 48 hours of rest. The postacute phase is defined as 48 hours to 7 days post-SRC. It is imperative to evaluate the most effective mode and intensity of physical activity to reduce symptoms and improve outcomes.Methods:CINAHL, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were used to search the terms “brain concussion” AND “exercise” and variations of these terms. The evidence level for each study was evaluated using the 2011 Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Guide. The methodological rigor of each study was evaluated using a scale adapted from Medlicott and Harris.Results:Two thousand sixty-eight records were identified. Six studies were included in this systematic review. Three studies were classified as moderately strong. The remaining 3 studies were considered weak. Five of the studies used either a cycle ergometer or a treadmill. The sixth study used walking, cycling, and swimming, as well as sports drills. All of these modes of exercise were determined to be safe. All studies utilized low- and moderate-intensity interventions, which were found to be nondetrimental and showed improved recovery time and symptom resolution. Five of the studies also incorporated components of high-intensity exercise that was also found to be nondetrimental, and they showed a positive influence on recovery time and symptom resolution. However, all activity in each of the reviewed studies started at a low level and progressed up to a higher level only as each individual client’s symptoms permitted.Discussion:Overall, this review found that various modes of activity at light-, moderate-, and high-intensity levels are efficacious and can be safely used during the postacute phase of SRC.Conclusion:Though the volume of literature at this time is limited, therapists should consider prescribing closely monitored individualized exercise programs utilizing progressive intensities when treating patients during the postacute phase of SRC.
From Gene to Function: A Safe Laboratory Exercise Promoting the Learning of the Central Dogma of Biology for the Undergraduate Biology Curriculum
Authors: Tripepi Manuela , Clear Morgan , Bondi Jack Lyons , Brunelli Elvira , Berardi Arianna
Published: September 2020

The central dogma of biology, which explains how the information in genes flows into proteins, can be challenging to teach in the undergraduate classroom. To allow students to understand the correlation between genes and protein functions, we have developed a practical laboratory activity that complements classroom learning. By using PCR analysis targeting the flagellin gene flgA1, students will investigate the genotype of an unknown strain of Haloferax volcanii, a halophilic archaeon appropriate for activities with undergraduates as it is nonpathogenic, inexpensive, easy to grow using “grocery store ingredients,” and offers many genetic tools. This species swims by means of flagella, and its motility can be tested using modified agar plates. Motile colonies will form swimming halos; meanwhile motility mutants will show only a dot on the motility plate, at the point of inoculation. First students will extract DNA for PCR amplification. They will not be told whether the strain they are assigned is motile or not. They will learn how to design primers for the target gene and set up the PCR reaction. Subsequently they will set up a motility assay and control of the provided strain.  In the next laboratory period, students perform gel electrophoresis on the products of their PCR reactions and analyze the results. They compare these to the results of the motility assay to confirm the motility of the strain. In summary, this inquiry-based lab is easy and safe to perform and allows students to follow the information flow from a gene to a protein product.
Live
In Vivo
Imaging of
Plasmodium
Invasion of the Mosquito Midgut
Authors: Trisnadi Nathanie , Barillas-Mury Carolina
Published: September 2020

Malaria is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases in humans and is transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. The mosquito midgut is a critical barrier that
Plasmodium
parasites must overcome to complete their developmental cycle and be transmitted to a new host. Here, we developed a new strategy to visualize
Plasmodium
ookinetes as they traverse the mosquito midgut and to follow the response of damaged epithelial cells by imaging live mosquitoes. Understanding the spatial and temporal aspects of these interactions is critical when developing novel strategies to disrupt disease transmission.
Failure To Detect Prion Infectivity in Ticks following Prion-Infected Blood Meal
Authors: Shikiya Ronald A. , Kincaid Anthony E. , Bartz Jason C. , Bourret Travis J.
Published: September 2020

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emerging prion disease that affects cervids, including mule deer, white-tailed deer, black-tailed deer, red deer reindeer, elk, and moose. The mechanism of CWD transmission in unknown. Due to the presence of prions in the blood of CWD-infected animals, it is possible for invertebrates that feed on cervid blood to contribute to the transmission of CWD. We examined the blood meal ofD.andersoni, a tick with a similar geographic range as cervids, that fed upon prion-infected hamsters for the presence of prion infectivity by animal bioassay. None of theD. andersoniblood meals that had been ingested from prion-infected hamsters yielded evidence of prion infection. Overall, the data do not support a role ofD. andersoniin the transmission of prion disease.
Effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulation in teaching digital rectal examination: a systematic review narrative synthesis
Authors: Al Asmri Mansour A , Ennis James , Stone Robert John , Bello Fernando , Haque M Sayeed , Parle Jim
Published: September 2020

Background

Digital rectal examination (DRE) is a challenging examination to learn.

Objective

To synthesise evidence regarding the effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulation (TES) for acquiring DRE skills.

Study selection

EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Knowledge (Science and Social Science), Scopus and IEEE Xplore were searched; the last search was performed on 3 April 2019. Included were original research studies evaluating TES to teach DRE. Data were abstracted on methodological quality, participants, instructional design and outcomes; a descriptive synthesis was performed. Quality was assessed using a modified Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. The study design domain was modified by scoring the papers based on (1) evaluation of risk of bias for randomised controlled trials, (2) description of participants and (3) assessment of robustness and degree of simulation fidelity of the assessments used to evaluate learning.

Findings

863 articles were screened; 12 were eligible, enrolling 1507 prequalified medical/clinical students and 20 qualified doctors. For skill acquisition, role player was statistically significantly superior to a static manikin (2 studies). For knowledge acquisition, manikin use was significantly superior to role player (1 study); 2 studies showed no difference. For confidence, manikin use was significantly superior to no manikin (4 studies). For comfort, manikin use was significantly superior to no manikin (2 studies). For anxiety, role player was significantly superior to manikin (1 study).

Median overall quality score (QS) was 48% (27–62). Highest median QS was 73% (33–80) for data analysis; lowest median QS was 20% (7–40) for the validity of instrument. Six papers scored over 50% of the maximum score for overall quality.

Conclusions

TES training is associated with improved DRE skills and should be used more widely.
Male lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) migratory and spawning behaviors are associated with sperm quality and reproductive success
Authors: Larson Douglas L. , Kimmel Jacob G. , Riedy Joseph J. , Hegna Jonathan , Baker Edward A. , Scribner Kim T.
Published: September 2020

Intra-annual reproductive investments may not be predictive of male reproductive success because of the effects of intra- and intersexual interactions on sperm depletion. For long-lived iteroparous fish species such as lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), reproductive effort may affect lifetime reproductive success. Radio frequency identification antennas were placed at the mouth of the Upper Black River, Michigan, and downstream of spawning locations to quantify male migratory and mating behaviors, including upstream migration time (UT), river residence time (RT), number of intra-annual spawning migrations (IM), interannual spawning interval, and operational sex ratio during 2017–2018. Computer assisted sperm analysis was used to quantify sperm quality. RT had a strong negative influence on sperm concentration and with measures of sperm quality. RT and the number of females encountered were positively associated with male reproductive success (number of offspring sired) across years. RT, IM, and UT were negatively associated with sperm quality, indicating sperm depletion is a reliable measure of sexual activity. Results demonstrate trade-offs between benefits and costs associated with current reproductive effort on future reproduction.
2019/20 lessons from τ(Ωc0) and τ(Ξc0) and CP asymmetry in charm decays
Authors: Bianco S. , Bigi I. I.
Published: September 2020

Our 2003 “Cicerone” had discussed charm dynamics with different directions and levels.1 Here we focus on two items, where the “landscape” has changed sizably. (a) The lifetimes and semileptonic decays of charm hadrons show the impact of nonperturbative QCD and to which degree one can apply heavy quark expansion (HQE) for charm hadrons. It is more complex as we have learnt from 2019/20 data. (b) CP asymmetry has been established in 2019:2 [Formula: see text] is quite an achievement by the LHCb collaboration! Our community is at the beginning of a long travel for fundamental dynamics. Can the SM account for these? We discuss the assumptions that were made up to 2018 data and new conclusions from 2019/20 ones. We need more data; however, one has to discuss correlations between different transitions. We give an Appendix, what we have learnt for large CP asymmetry in [Formula: see text].
Quark-flavor-changing Higgs decays from a universal extra dimension
Authors: Farrera Carlos M. , Granados-González Alejandro , Novales-Sánchez Héctor , Toscano J. Jesús
Published: September 2020

Kaluza–Klein fields characterizing, from a four-dimensional viewpoint, the presence of compact universal extra dimensions would alter low-energy observables through effects determined by some compactification scale, [Formula: see text], since the one-loop level, thus being particularly relevant for physical phenomena forbidden at tree level by the Standard Model. This paper explores, for the case of one universal extra dimension, such new-physics contributions to Higgs decays [Formula: see text], into pairs of quarks with different flavors, a sort of decay process which, in the Standard Model, strictly occurs at the loop level. Finite results, decoupling as [Formula: see text], are calculated. Approximate short expressions, valid for large compactification scales, are provided. We estimate that Kaluza–Klein contributions lie below predictions from the Standard Model, being about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude smaller for compactification scales within [Formula: see text].
Comparison of water uptake behavior on tensile property of epoxy impregnated continuous basalt and slag filament composites
Authors: Kim Se-Yoon , Park Soo-Jeong , Park Chang-Wook , Kim Yun-Hae
Published: September 2020

Slag fiber has economic and environmental advantages in that it converts a low-value-added material to a high-value-added material. However, although the slag fiber has a chemical composition similar to basalt fiber, its competitiveness in the fiber industry is significantly lower. Moreover, the slag fiber remains in the pre-commercial stage due to the uncertainty and instability of the basic properties. Therefore, in this study, the slag fiber customized through the fiberization process was compared with the existing basalt fiber to analyze the effect of the similarity of chemical composition on the environmental degradation characteristics and mechanical properties under tensile loading. As a result, the slag filament composites showed lower tensile strength due to the weaker interfacial bonding strength with the epoxy matrix than the basalt filament composites, but the difference in decreased tensile strength rate was not significant. In addition, long-term moisture absorption in fresh water and seawater demonstrated excellent moisture absorption resistance.