bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of CT radiation doses within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Iball Gareth R , Beeching Charlotte E , Gabe Rhian , Tam Hui Zhen , Darby Michael , Crosbie Philip A J , Callister Matthew E J
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To evaluate radiation doses for all low-dose CT scans performed during the first year of a lung screening trial.

Methods

For all lung screening scans that were performed using a CT protocol that delivered image quality meeting the RSNA QIBA criteria, radiation dose metrics, participant height, weight, gender, and age were recorded. Values of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were evaluated as a function of weight in order to assess the performance of the scan protocol across the participant cohort. Calculated effective doses were used to establish the additional lifetime attributable cancer risks arising from trial scans.

Results

Median values of CTDIvol, DLP, and effective dose (IQR) from the 3521 scans were 1.1 mGy (0.70), 42.4 mGycm (24.9), and 1.15 mSv (0.67), whilst for 60-80kg participants the values were 1.0 mGy (0.30), 35.8 mGycm (11.4), and 0.97 mSv (0.31). A statistically significant correlation between CTDIvol and weight was identified for males (r = 0.9123, P < .001) and females (r = 0.9052, P < .001), however, the effect of gender on CTDIvol was not statistically significant (P = .2328) despite notable differences existing at the extremes of the weight range. The additional lifetime attributable cancer risks from a single scan were in the range 0.001%-0.006%.

Conclusions

Low radiation doses can be achieved across a typical lung screening cohort using scan protocols that have been shown to deliver high levels of image quality. The observed dose levels may be considered as typical values for lung screening scans on similar types of scanners for an equivalent participant cohort.

Advances in knowledge

Presentation of typical radiation dose levels for CT lung screening examinations in a large UK trial. Effective radiation doses can be of the order of 1 mSv for standard sized participants. Lifetime attributable cancer risks resulting from a single low-dose CT scan did not exceed 0.006%.
Can conventional magnetic resonance imaging at presentation predict chemoresistance in osteosarcoma?
Authors: Kanthawang Thanat , Wudhikulprapan Wanat , Phinyo Phichayut , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Pruksakorn Dumnoensun , Link Thomas M , Pattamapaspong Nuttaya
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Histological tumour necrosis is the current indicator for the response of osteosarcoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chemoresistant tumours require close monitoring and adjustment of treatment. Characteristics of tumours on baseline MRI may be able to predict response to chemotherapy. The aim is to identify which baseline MRI findings can help predict chemoresistant osteosarcoma.

Methods

Baseline MRI before giving neoadjuvant chemotherapy of 95 patients during 2008-2021 was reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists. Histological necrosis from surgical specimens was the reference standard. MRIs were reviewed for tumour characteristics (tumour volume, maximum axial diameter, central necrosis, haemorrhage, fluid-fluid level), peritumoural bone and soft tissue oedema, and other parameters including intra-articular extension, epiphyseal involvement, neurovascular involvement, pathologic fracture, and skip metastasis. The cut-off thresholds were generated by receiver operating characteristic curves which then tested for diagnostic accuracy.

Results

Two-third of patients were chemoresistance (histological necrosis <90%). Tumour volume >150 mL, maximum axial diameter >7.0 cm, area of necrosis >50%, presence of intra-articular extension, and peritumoural soft tissue oedema >6.5 cm significantly predicted chemoresistance, particularly when found in combination. Tumour volume >150 mL and maximum axial diameter >7.0 cm could be used as an independent predictor (multivariable analysis, P-value = .025, .045).

Conclusions

Findings on baseline MRI could help predicting chemoresistant osteosarcoma with tumour size being the strongest predictor.

Advances in knowledge

Osteosarcomas with large size, large cross-sectional diameter, large area of necrosis, presence of intra-articular extension, and extensive peritumoural soft tissue oedema were most likely to have a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Clinical efficacy and safety of microwave ablation combined with percutaneous osteoplasty for palliative treatment in pelvic osteolytic metastases
Authors: Wang Zhilong , Zuo Taiyang , Lin Wenli , Du Zhenhua , Zhang Xiaofan , Liang Yining
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of microwave ablation (MWA) on pain relief, quality of life, mobility, and local tumour progression in adult patients with pelvic osteolytic bone metastasis and to test the safety of MWA.

Methods

This study retrospectively analysed the data from 20 patients with pelvic osteolytic metastases who received MWA combined with percutaneous osteoplasty (POP). The visual analogue scale (VAS), musculoskeletal tumour society system (MSTS), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Bone Metastases 22 (QLQ-BM22) were used to evaluate the pain, limb function, and quality of life. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The tumour recurrence and survival time were analysed during the follow-up period (range 3-26 months).

Results

All (n = 20) MWA and POP operations were completed successfully. Four patients (20%; 95% CI, 6%-44%) had mild bone cement leakage from surrounding tissues, and there were no obvious symptoms or serious complications. There were significant differences in VAS, MSTS, and QLQ-BM22 scores before and after the operation (P < .001). During the postoperative follow-up period, 9 patients died. The median survival time was 8 months (range 3-26 months; IQR: 4.5-13; 95% CI, 4.2-15.3 months), and the 1-year survival rate was 65% (13/20; 95% CI, 41%-85%). Tumour recurrence occurred in 4 cases (20%; 95% CI, 6%-44%) after the operation, and the median time of recurrence was 12 months (range 8-16 months; IQR: 8.25-12.75; 95% CI, 5.5-18.5 months).

Conclusions

MWA combined with POP is an effective and safe treatment for pelvic osteolytic metastases. It can significantly relieve local pain, reconstruct limb function, improve patients’ quality of life, and effectively control local tumour progression.

Advances in knowledge

So far, the experience of using microwave in the treatment of pelvic metastases is still limited. MWA combined with POP in the treatment of pelvic osteolytic metastases can provide significant clinical benefits in acceptable low-risk minimally invasive situations and should be provided to patients with appropriate pelvic metastases in a multidisciplinary approach.
Evidence-informed recommendations on managing breast screening atypia: perspectives from an expert panel consensus meeting reviewing results from the Sloane atypia project
Authors: Freeman Karoline , Mansbridge Alice , Stobart Hilary , Clements Karen , Wallis Matthew G , Pinder Sarah E , Kearins Olive , Shaaban Abeer M , Kirwan Cliona C , Wilkinson Louise S , Webb Sharon , O’Sullivan Emma , Jenkins Jacquie , Wright Suzanne , Taylor Kathryn , Bailey Claire , Holcombe Chris , Wyld Lynda , Edwards Kim , Jenkinson David J , Sharma Nisha , Provenzano Elena , Hilton Bridget , Stallard Nigel , Thompson Alastair M , Taylor-Phillips Sian
Published: January 2024

Evidence-based clinical guidelines are essential to maximize patient benefit and to reduce clinical uncertainty and inconsistency in clinical practice. Gaps in the evidence base can be addressed by data acquired in routine practice. At present, there is no international consensus on management of women diagnosed with atypical lesions in breast screening programmes. Here, we describe how routine NHS breast screening data collected by the Sloane atypia project was used to inform a management pathway that maximizes early detection of cancer and minimizes over-investigation of lesions with uncertain malignant potential. A half-day consensus meeting with 11 clinical experts, 1 representative from Independent Cancer Patients’ Voice, 6 representatives from NHS England (NHSE) including from Commissioning, and 2 researchers was held to facilitate discussions of findings from an analysis of the Sloane atypia project. Key considerations of the expert group in terms of the management of women with screen detected atypia were: (1) frequency and purpose of follow-up; (2) communication to patients; (3) generalizability of study results; and (4) workforce challenges. The group concurred that the new evidence does not support annual surveillance mammography for women with atypia, irrespective of type of lesion, or woman’s age. Continued data collection is paramount to monitor and audit the change in recommendations.
Incidence and distribution of injuries associated with e-scooter use: a radiological perspective
Authors: Bentham Michael J , Christopher Holly W , Borchert Robin J , Thavakumar Arthikkaa , Riede Philipp , Sadler Timothy J
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To investigate electric scooter (e-scooter)-associated radiological injury incidence and distribution of injuries.

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study of radiological examinations related to e-scooter injuries at a major trauma centre in a small university city. The hospital radiology information system was searched for terms related to e-scooters between January 1, 2015, and October 31, 2022. E-scooter use was confirmed by review of the patients’ electronic medical records. Specific injuries were divided based on site of injury using the Injury Severity Scale categorized groups.

Results

A total of 568 radiological studies related to e-scooter injuries were identified on 340 distinct patients (56% male, with an average age of 28 years). Peak incidence of e-scooter-related injuries was seen in the summer months, after a local scooter sharing system was introduced in October 2020. A total of 149 patients had radiologically diagnosed injuries, with extremity injuries being most frequent (80%). Facial (8%), head/neck (8%), and thorax/abdomen (4%) were less common. Radial head fractures were the most common injury (n = 27). Thirteen patients had multiple sites of injury, four of which had both upper limb and facial bone fractures described.

Conclusions

We report a significant increase in radiological investigations and injuries in the context of e-scooter injuries, particularly since the introduction of an e-scooter sharing scheme. This study informs radiologists on common locations of injuries when reporting studies of patients that have had e-scooter-related injuries.

Advances in knowledge

This is the first UK-based study providing a comprehensive radiological perspective of the impact of e-scooter use and associated distribution of injuries, adding important data for many cities that are currently undertaking review of their e-scooter sharing schemes.
The value of multimodal ultrasonography in the evaluation of late presenting testicular torsion in a rat experimental model
Authors: Herek Duygu , Çakmak Vefa , Çomut Erdem , Herek Özkan
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate the value of multimodal ultrasonography (US) in a rat experimental torsion model after 6 h of torsion with different degrees.

Methods

Twenty-one male rats were divided into three groups. Left testes of the rats were twisted around their vascular pedicle 360 degrees in group 1, 720 degrees in group 2, and 1080 degrees in group 3 and intact right testes of the rats were accepted as control group. Grey-scale US, superb microvascular imaging (SMI), colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), strain elastography (SE), and two-dimensional (2-D) shear wave elastography (SWE) examinations were applied 6 h after torsion procedure and testes were removed for pathological evaluation.

Results

Short-axis dimensions and volumes of the torsion side were higher than control testes. Lengths of the testes in the 3rd torsion group were smaller than the testes in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.002). SMI was better than CDUS in recognizing blood flow in testicular tissue. Strain ratios were higher in group 1 and decreased with the increasing torsion degree. Emean and standard deviation (SD) measurements increased in the torsion side. Pathologically the mean testicular damage scores were statistically significant between torsion and control testes in all groups.

Conclusion

Our results showed that short-axis and volume measurements, SMI, 2D-SWE, and SE are effective in the evaluation and diagnosis of testicular torsion (TT).

Advances in knowledge

Evaluation of affected testis and intact testis with multiparametric US in late presenting TT cases is more reliable than being dependent on a single sonographic modality.
A nomogram for predicting prognosis in patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation based on deep learning–derived spleen volume-to-platelet ratio
Authors: Cai Weimin , Lin Xinran , Guo Yu , Lin Xiuqing , Chen Chao
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The objective of our study was to develop a nomogram to predict post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) survival in patients with cirrhosis based on CT images.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients who had received TIPS operation at the Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital between November 2013 and April 2017. To predict prognosis, a nomogram and Web-based probability were developed to assess the overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years based on multivariate analyses. With deep learning algorithm, the automated measurement of liver and spleen volumes can be realized. We assessed the predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram using the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Age, total bilirubin, and spleen volume-to-platelet ratio (SVPR) were identified as the independent risk factors for OS. The nomogram was constructed based on the above risk factors. The C-index (0.80, 0.74, 0.70), ROC curve (area under curve: 0.828, 0.761, 0.729), calibration curve, and DCA showed that nomogram good at predictive value, stability, and clinical benefit in the prediction of 1-, 3-, 5-year OS in patients with TIPS creation.

Conclusions

We constructed a nomogram for predicting prognosis in patients with TIPS creation based on risk factors. The nomogram can help clinicians in identifying patients with poor prognosis, eventually facilitating earlier treatment and selecting suitable patients before TIPS.

Advances in knowledge

This study developed the first nomogram based on SVPR to predict the prognosis of patients treated with TIPS. The nomogram could help clinician in non-invasive decision-making.
Changing Gears and Buying Time: A Study Exploring AMHP Practice Following Referral for a Mental Health Act Assessment in England and Wales
Authors: Simpson Matthew
Published: January 2024

The role of the Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) under the Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983 in England and Wales is to respond to referrals for psychiatric detention and make an application for detention where they consider this necessary. This article reports the findings of my doctoral study into AMHP decision-making at the point of referral for an MHA assessment. The strengths-based methodology of Appreciative Inquiry was adopted, positioned in a social constructionist paradigm. Nine AMHPs working for one Local Authority participated in the study, including myself as an insider researcher. During four one-day workshops over five months participants defined their best practice, analysing emerging data together within the workshops using nominal group technique. Service developments included the creation of a triage role and a bespoke report to prioritise this decision within the service, opening avenues to change gears and buy time for a more thorough assessment at this point, and promoting greater collaboration with those referred. A multi-agency approach to searching for less restrictive options was advocated within an assessment pathway. The results of this study offer a research insight into this important area of practice, offering an evidence base to inform practice and policy developments.
Vapor-phase deoxydehydration of 2,3-butanediol to 2-butene over MoO3/SiO2 catalyst
Authors: Kurniawan Enggah , Sannodo Naoya , Negishi Yui , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: January 2024

The deoxydehydration (DODH) of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) to butene isomers proceeded over silica-supported molybdenum oxide (MoO3/SiO2) catalyst without any external reductants. In the DODH of 2,3-BDO over MoO3/SiO2 catalyst, cis- and trans-2-butene were produced with negligible 1-butene. The MoO3/SiO2 catalyst was inefficient for the hydrogenation of butanone and the dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, suggesting that the production of butenes did not proceed via the dehydration of 2-butanol. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy calculations by density functional theory suggest that the condensation of 2,3-BDO to form Mo(VI) diolate species initiates the DODH of 2,3-BDO. The C–C cleavage of diolate species produces acetaldehyde and Mo(IV). The coordination of 2,3-BDO to Mo(IV) leads to the parallel formation of an alkoxide and diolate species. The alkoxide produces 2-butene via 2-hydroxybutyl radical and Mo(V), while diolate generates only cis-2-butene via concerted scission of (C–O)2Mo(IV) bonds.
Role of conformational entropy in low melting point of ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Sumida Hiroki , Kimura Yoshifumi , Endo Takatsugu
Published: January 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid salts which have very low melting points among the salts. To understand the contribution of conformational entropy (Sconf) to the low melting points of ILs, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([Cnmim][NTf2] where n = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) were performed in liquid and gas states. The increase in Sconf with increasing alkyl chain length corresponded to an increase in fusion entropy (ΔfusS), suggesting that the other entropic contributions such as kinetic and configurational entropies depend negligibly on the alkyl chain length. Comparing the same cation, Sconf in the liquid state with a long alkyl chain was slightly smaller than that in the gas state because the trans conformers of the cation were favored in the liquid state. The trans conformers of the cations in the liquid state were stabilized by the van der Waals and Coulomb interactions. Meanwhile, populations of the trans conformer for the anion in the gas and liquid state were almost the same.
Supramolecular polymerization behavior of a ditopic self-folding biscavitand
Authors: Fujimoto Haruna , Hirao Takehiro , Haino Takeharu
Published: January 2024

Reported herein is the supramolecular polymerization of a mixture of a feet-to-feet connected biscavitand and a homoditopic quinuclidinium guest that is regulated by cooperativity in the host–guest association. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) was used to evaluate the supramolecular polymerization in toluene, CHCl3, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Upon concentrating the solutions of the biscavitand with the quinuclidinium guest in CHCl3 and THF, the diffusion coefficient (D) values were meaningfully decreased, indicating that the host–guest complexation facilitated supramolecular polymerization. In contrast, the slight change of the D value in toluene suggests that supramolecular polymerization was suppressed, although the binding constant (K) between the cavitand and quinuclidinium guest was reported to be 105 L mol−1 in toluene. The viscosity measurements showed both the critical polymerization concentration (CPC) and entangled concentration (Ce) upon concentrating the CHCl3 solution of the mixture. Neither the CPC nor Ce was seen in the toluene solution of the mixture. Accordingly, the strong negative cooperativity in the 1:2 host–guest complexation of the biscavitand discouraged the supramolecular polymerization in toluene. These findings are valuable in deepening the understanding of host–guest association-driven supramolecular polymerization behaviors regulated by a combination of cooperativity and K value in solution.
Controlling the photochromism of N-salicylideneaniline by mixed crystal formation
Authors: Sugiyama Haruki , Yoshida Itsuki , Johmoto Kohei , Ishimoto Yurie , Sekine Akiko , Uekusa Hidehiro
Published: January 2024

The photochromic properties of N-salicylideneaniline (SA) are closely related to its molecular conformation. In this study, we demonstrated that the photochromic expression of SA crystals can be switched by precisely controlling the molecular conformation by embedding SA in template crystals of nonphotochromic benzylidene-4-aniline derivatives with various conformations.
Recent progress on solid-state cross-polarization (CP)/magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR measurements: a tool for investigating structural changes in stimuli-responsive organic compounds
Authors: Yamanoi Yoshinori , Hattori Mineyuki
Published: January 2024

Over the years, cross-polarization/magic angle sample spinning (CP/MAS) NMR has proven to be valuable for obtaining detailed structural information in solid-state materials. A notable advantage of this technique is that it does not require a well-organized arrangement in the sample such as single crystals. Consequently, even materials with low crystallinity such as amorphous substances can be analyzed to obtain structural information.

In recent years, research on externally stimuli-responsive molecules utilizing crystal phase transitions has attracted attention. Certain aryl disilane and oligosilane compounds exhibit external stimulus responsiveness even in the crystalline state due to the hindered rotation of the Si–Si σ bond and sparse crystal packing. Understanding the structural alternations linked to changes in physical properties is crucial for investigation of the responsiveness. High-resolution CP/MAS NMR spectra are particularly suitable for analyzing crystalline polymorphs, crystal phase transitions, and solid-state conformations.

In this report, we present the results of natural abundance 13C, 29Si, and 15N CP/MAS NMR experiments conducted on externally stimuli-responsive disilane-bridged molecules. These measurements provide information on the structure before and after crystal phase transitions, as well as the amorphous state. A comprehensive analysis of our findings is essential for elucidating alternations in the structure and arrangement of crystalline materials under external stimuli.
Vapor-phase dehydrogenation of 3-methyl-2-butanol over silica-supported Cu-catalyst prepared by mannitol-assisted impregnation
Authors: Sato Koki , Kurniawan Enggah , Sasaki Shun , Matsusaka Kenta , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: January 2024

Silica-supported Cu (Cu/SiO2) prepared by using an organic additive-assisted impregnation method was employed as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of 3-methyl-2-butanol (3M2BO) to 3-methyl-2-butanone (methyl isopropyl ketone, MIPK). The utilization of organic additives, especially mannitol, during the impregnation protocol has led to the generation of a Cu/SiO2 catalyst containing highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles, i.e. high Cu surface area (SACu). These properties contributed to the high activity of the mannitol-assisted Cu/SiO2 catalyst, in which the activity was limited only by the equilibrium nature of the reaction. The proportional relationship between the formation rate of the MIPK with the SACu confirmed the benefits of the utilization of organic additives. In addition, the improvement in the SACu of Cu/SiO2 prepared using mannitol only gave a negligible side product originating from the dehydration of 3M2BO; thus, the equilibrium MIPK yield of 99.5% was achieved even at 300 °C.
Refugee healthcare: managing a chronic inflammatory skin condition through wartime and displacement
Authors: Herlihy Maeve , Duff Eimear , IInytska Tetyana , Field Sinead
Published: January 2024

Refugee healthcare is largely emergency driven. However, chronic conditions are also common and managing these on the move is enormously challenging. Loss of access to medication, disruption of treatment, missing or incomplete medical records and psychological distress all contribute to poorer long-term outcomes. Europe is currently experiencing an unprecedented influx of refugees, asylum seekers and other migrants. With escalating conflict globally this number will continue to increase. It is essential that we as healthcare professionals in all specialties, including dermatology, appreciate the often arduous journey displaced people face to sit in front of us and that we are equipped to meet their needs.
Extension of Pt–Ag cluster units by incorporating silver salts
Authors: Yang Yiming , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Omoto Kenichiro , Sakuda Eri , Arikawa Yasuhiro , Umakoshi Keisuke
Published: January 2024

A sterically controlled Z-shaped Pt2Ag2 complex showed a metalation reaction with a Ag ion via the formation of the thermodynamically unfavorable Pt2Ag2 complex with U-shaped configuration. Multiple dative bond formation between Pt and an additional Ag ion endowed enough thermodynamic stability on the Pt2Ag3 cluster to overcome the unfavorable steric effect from bulky substituents on the ligands in the U-shaped structure. A single crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed dimerized structure of the cationic Pt2Ag3 complex units bridged by [Ag2(OTf)4]2− (OTf− = triflate anion) via strong Ag–π coordination with pyrazole moiety in the solid state. The heteropolynuclear complexes showed photoluminescence properties depending on the structure of the Pt–Ag clusters.
Chiral [1]rotaxanes with a two-fold bridge based on phenylacetylene macrocycles (PAMs): two different chiroptical properties created by 7PAM
Authors: Katoono Ryo , Asai Kota
Published: January 2024

We describe the unique chiroptical properties of chiral [1]rotaxanes 1 and 2 based on the assembly of an achiral ring of phenylacetylene macrocycle (7PAM) and an achiral p-phenylene ethynylene rod with a two-fold bridge. In both cases, mechanical helical chirality is generated by the relative occupation of the ring and rod. Through the intramolecular transmission of the mechanical helical chirality to the bridge, we demonstrate that two different chiral conformations were present in a particular form of enantiomers in 2.
Ball-milling-induced phase transformation of CePO4:Tb3+ nanocrystals and their optical properties
Authors: Sun Yupeng , Jiang Dan , Chen Yan , Li Longfeng , Liu Mingzhu , Wang Yunjian
Published: January 2024

Polymorphic transition, as an interesting phenomenon in many fields of materials chemistry, can take place upon heating, pressure, or ion doping. Herein, we achieved hexagonal to monoclinic phase transition of Tb3+ doped CePO4 (CePO4:Tb3+) nanocrystal through a simple and convenient ball milling method, but with reduced photoluminescence. The decrease in luminescence may be due to the partial oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ during the ball milling process, as well as the decrease in crystal symmetry in monoclinic phase.
Chemoselective vapor-phase hydrogenation of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one over Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared by organic additive-assisted impregnation
Authors: Kurniawan Enggah , Matsusaka Kenta , Sato Koki , Sasaki Shun , Nakazono Kazuki , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi
Published: January 2024

Silica-supported Cu (Cu/SiO2) catalyst prepared by using organic additive-assisted impregnation was employed for the chemoselective hydrogenation of a C=O bond in 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (1) to produce 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol (2) in a vapor phase at a temperature between 140 and 200 °C and an ambient pressure of H2 flow. The Cu was responsible for the selectivity to 2, and the organic additive increased the Cu surface area (SACu), which consecutively enhanced the performance of the Cu/SiO2 catalyst. The proportional correlation between the SACu and the formation rate of 2 further confirmed the benefits of the utilization of organic additives during the impregnation protocol.
Synthesis of three novel ɛ-Keggin-based mixed metal oxides composed of (NH4)xHy[Mo12O40M1.8–2.1] (M = In, Y, Mg) and their microporosities
Authors: Ishikawa Satoshi , Sato Naoto , Ueda Wataru
Published: January 2024

ɛ-Keggin-based mixed metal oxide (ɛ-MoMO) comprises a network arrangement based on an ɛ-Keggin {Mo12O40} unit and a {MO6} octahedral, forming a framework structure containing cage and channel textures such as an Faujasite (FAU)-type zeolite. In this study, we successfully synthesized 3 novel ɛ-MoMOs, namely ɛ-MoMgO, ɛ-MoYO, and ɛ-MoInO, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. All these materials showed a microporosity to adsorb CO2 of up to 33% to 42% in their crystallographically expected microporous capacity.
Influence of structural isomers of naphthalene diimides on photophysical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Yamamoto Yusei , Horioka Ami , Cui Luxia , Ishigaki Yusuke , Hoshino Yu , Ono Toshikazu
Published: January 2024

Three structural isomers of naphthalene diimides were synthesized. In all compounds, the electron-withdrawing diimide group exhibits a stable two-step reduction behavior under electrochemical conditions, and it was revealed that their reduction potentials vary significantly depending on the position of the diimide group relative to the naphthalene ring.
Study on corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of quinoline quaternary ammonium salt and l-methionine on pre-corrosion Q235 steel
Authors: Zhu Yuanqiang , Gao Lan , He Qin , Yang Lanjun , Shen Yang , Lai Nanjun
Published: January 2024

The corrosion inhibition properties and mechanisms of quinoline quaternary ammonium salt (QA) and L-methionine (LM) on pre-corroded Q235 carbon steel in 1wt% HCl solution were studied using the weight loss method and molecular simulation technology. The degree of pre-corrosion of steel will affect the corrosion inhibition performance of the corrosion inhibitor. QA and LM compete to adsorb to the iron surface to form a film, and the repulsion between the corrosion product and the film reduces the slow-release performance.
Thermo-electrocatalytic reduction of potassium bicarbonate to formate on an indium electrode
Authors: Gu Wen , Pei Yuhou , Zhong Heng , Jin Fangming
Published: January 2024

In this work, we developed a thermo-electrochemical bicarbonate reduction (TEBR) process for the production of formate on a simple indium foil electrode. The TEBR process relies on the synergistic effect of thermochemical and electrochemical processes, which ensures the continuous redox of metals on the electrode surface. In the thermochemical environment, indium can interact with water to form InO(OH), which facilitates the absorption and hydrogenation of bicarbonate to form formate. In the electrochemical environment, the reduction of indium oxide to indium supports the maintenance of a dynamic interface of In3+/In. This study revealed that, when an indium electrode is employed in the reaction system, the Faraday efficiency and partial current density of formate can reach 86.2% and 86.5 mA cm−2, respectively, at 100 °C with a KHCO3 concentration of 3.0 mol L−1. Therefore, an indium electrode can be effectively employed for the direct reduction of bicarbonate to produce formate. This study provides an insight into the synergistic effect of thermochemical and electrochemical processes, and suggests a potential application of indium in the production of formate via a TEBR process.
Nazarov reaction triggered by active lithium salts in cyclopentyl methyl ether
Authors: Iwata Takayuki , Funatsu Shingo , Shindo Mitsuru
Published: January 2024

In this study, we developed a lithium-activated Nazarov reaction of highly activated divinyl ketones in the presence of mixed lithium salts by combining LiClO4 with either LiOMe or LiI in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). This reaction produces LiOPh in the reaction mixture, exhibiting aspects of a Nazarov reaction in the presence of base. The additives LiOMe and LiI not only facilitated the dissolution of LiClO4 aggregates but also promoted the addition–elimination mechanism, thereby accelerating the reaction and preventing side reactions.
New sustainable yellow pigments in scheelite-type solid solutions: (LiLaCa)1/3MoO4−BiVO4 with high NIR reflectance as cool colorants
Authors: Sameera Saithathul Fathima , Rajesh Krishnan , Rao Padala Prabhakar
Published: January 2024

New toxic-metal-free sustainable yellow pigments have been developed in scheelite-type solid solutions: [(Li0.33Ca0.33La0.33)xBi1−x][MoxV1−x]O4. The developed pigments show a structural transition from monoclinic to tetragonal scheelite-type structures upon the substitution of LiCaLaMoO4 into the BiVO4 system. The absorption edge is gently blue-shifted from the parent BiVO4 by widening the bandgap upon the incorporation of various metal ions such as Li, La, Ca, and Mo into the lattice, allowing different intense yellow hues to be produced. The typical pigment [(LiLaCa)0.198Bi0.8][Mo0.2V0.8]O4 showed the most vivid yellow hue with a b* value of 78.32, which is comparable to the commercial Sicopal yellow (b* = 76.9). Further, the developed toxic-metal-free pigments have high near-infrared reflectance, making them sustainable as eco-friendly cool colorants for paint and plastic formulations.
Multibranched polymethacrylates by anionic grafting-from method via desilylation of poly(4-trimethylsilylmethylstyrene)
Authors: Hiraki Yujiro , Terasaki Masaya , Iwamura Takeru , Adachi Kaoru
Published: January 2024

A benzyltrimethylsilane (BnTMS)/potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK) initiator system for anionic polymerization was applied to poly(4-trimethylsilylmethylstyrene) (PTMSMS) in the presence of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) to construct polyanion macroinitiators and polymerize methacrylate monomers therefrom. Using this method, desilylation of PTMSMS was quantitatively processed and methacrylate monomers were polymerized from the macroinitiator. The obtained multibranched polymers had narrow molecular weight distributions, indicating the well-controlled polymerization of the monomers from the macroinitiator. Therefore, it was demonstrated that PTMSMS can be a suitable precursor for the preparation of multibranched polymers. Additionally, a sequential addition of methacrylate monomers to the polyanion macroinitiator lead to a core-shell multibranched polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution.
Oral Antibiotics for Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Propensity Score Weighted Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Nussbaum Eliezer Zachary , Koo Sophia , Kotton Camille N
Published: January 2024

Background

We assessed the safety and efficacy of oral antibiotic step-down therapy for uncomplicated gram-negative blood stream infections in solid-organ transplant recipients.

Methods

We identified all solid-organ transplant recipients within the Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women's Hospital systems from 2016 to 2021 with uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia involving an organism susceptible to an acceptably bioavailable oral antibiotic agent. Using inverse probability of treatment-weighted models based on propensity scores adjusting for potential clinical confounders, we compared outcomes of those transitioned to oral antibiotics with those who continued intravenous (IV) therapy for the duration of treatment. Primary endpoints were mortality, bacteremia recurrence, and reinitiation of IV antibiotics. Secondary endpoints included length of stay, Clostridioides difficile infection, treatment-associated complications, and tunneled central venous catheter placement.

Results

A total of 120 bacteremia events from 107 patients met inclusion criteria in the oral group and 42 events from 40 patients in the IV group. There were no significant differences in mortality, bacteremia recurrence, or reinitiation of IV antibiotics between groups. Patients transitioned to oral antibiotics had an average length of stay that was 1.97 days shorter (95% confidence interval [CI], −.39 to 3.56 days; P = .005). Odds of developing C. difficile and other treatment-associated complications were 8.4 times higher (95% CI, 1.5–46.6; P = .015) and 6.4 times higher (95% CI, 1.9–20.9; P = .002), respectively, in the IV group. Fifty-five percent of patients in the IV group required tunneled catheter placement. There was no difference in treatment duration between groups.

Conclusions

Oral step-down therapy was effective and associated with fewer treatment-related adverse events.
Classical dance and Mediterranean imaginaries: Jia Ruskaja in Fascist Italy
Authors: Veroli Patrizia
Published: January 2024

Russian dancer and film actress Jia Ruskaja (Evgeniya Borisenko, 1902–70) forged a rapidly rising career in Italy as a dancer, teacher and company director during the thirties. The author of La danza come un modo di essere (1927) was a female education reformer, whose Milan dance schools were subsidized by the Fascist Regime. In 1940, she was entrusted with the directorship of the newly founded Royal School for Classical Dance. Though inspired by Isadora Duncan, in the early thirties, Ruskaja added ballet to her modern dance since she considered it crucial for the sound training of the body. According to her, the century-old codified system of ballet, once mingled with the ability to make artfully crafted movements inspired by classical imagery (‘plastique’) and rhythmic gymnastics, could transform into a new and organic physical practice, able to create a new beginning in dance. Was this so? Could her modernized ballet, imbued with the Mediterranean myth that inspired a number of artists in the twenties and thirties, convey such a modernist futural thrust, or was it rather held captive by centuries-old balletic values and culture?
Ancient tragedy, yet modern music: musical compositions in the classical performances (1921–39)
Authors: Casali Giovanna
Published: January 2024

This contribution aims to analyse the role of music in the revival of Greek theatre that characterized twentieth-century Italy. In particular, it explores and compares the music composed for INDA productions between 1921 and 1939. From the beginning of the festival, music occupied a crucial role, thanks to Ettore Romagnoli’s emphasis on the musical component in reviving ancient Greek drama. The years from 1921 to 1927 were characterized by the collaboration between Romagnoli and Giuseppe Mulè, who attempted to revive ancient Greek music according to modern criteria. By 1930, the festival, run by an entirely Fascist committee, had taken on a nationalistic character, and music was integral to this. Indeed, during these years (1930–39), music acquired a pivotal role in emphasizing the heroic instances of ancient drama that had become functional to the Regime’s policy. Moreover, it was considered indispensable for this increasingly mass-oriented type of performance.
The proarrhythmogenic role of autonomics and emerging neuromodulation approaches to prevent sudden death in cardiac ion channelopathies
Authors: Tonko Johanna B , Lambiase Pier D
Published: January 2024

Ventricular arrhythmias in cardiac channelopathies are linked to autonomic triggers, which are sub-optimally targeted in current management strategies. Improved molecular understanding of cardiac channelopathies and cellular autonomic signalling could refine autonomic therapies to target the specific signalling pathways relevant to the specific aetiologies as well as the central nervous system centres involved in the cardiac autonomic regulation.

This review summarizes key anatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and its impact on ventricular arrhythmias in primary inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Proarrhythmogenic autonomic effects and potential therapeutic targets in defined conditions including the Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, long QT syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia will be examined. Pharmacological and interventional neuromodulation options for these cardiac channelopathies are discussed.

Promising new targets for cardiac neuromodulation include inhibitory and excitatory G-protein coupled receptors, neuropeptides, chemorepellents/attractants as well as the vagal and sympathetic nuclei in the central nervous system. Novel therapeutic strategies utilizing invasive and non-invasive deep brain/brain stem stimulation as well as the rapidly growing field of chemo-, opto-, or sonogenetics allowing cell-specific targeting to reduce ventricular arrhythmias are presented.
Cardiac monoamine oxidase-A inhibition protects against catecholamine-induced ventricular arrhythmias via enhanced diastolic calcium control
Authors: Shi Qian , Malik Hamza , Crawford Rachel M , Streeter Jennifer , Wang Jinxi , Huo Ran , Shih Jean C , Chen Biyi , Hall Duane , Abel E Dale , Song Long-Sheng , Anderson Ethan J
Published: January 2024

Aims

A mechanistic link between depression and risk of arrhythmias could be attributed to altered catecholamine metabolism in the heart. Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), a key enzyme involved in catecholamine metabolism and longstanding antidepressant target, is highly expressed in the myocardium. The present study aimed to elucidate the functional significance and underlying mechanisms of cardiac MAO-A in arrhythmogenesis.

Methods and results

Analysis of the TriNetX database revealed that depressed patients treated with MAO inhibitors had a lower risk of arrhythmias compared with those treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This effect was phenocopied in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific MAO-A deficiency (cMAO-Adef), which showed a significant reduction in both incidence and duration of catecholamine stress-induced ventricular tachycardia compared with wild-type mice. Additionally, cMAO-Adef cardiomyocytes exhibited altered Ca2+ handling under catecholamine stimulation, with increased diastolic Ca2+ reuptake, reduced diastolic Ca2+ leak, and diminished systolic Ca2+ release. Mechanistically, cMAO-Adef hearts had reduced catecholamine levels under sympathetic stress, along with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and protein carbonylation, leading to decreased oxidation of Type II PKA and CaMKII. These changes potentiated phospholamban (PLB) phosphorylation, thereby enhancing diastolic Ca2+ reuptake, while reducing ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) phosphorylation to decrease diastolic Ca2+ leak. Consequently, cMAO-Adef hearts exhibited lower diastolic Ca2+ levels and fewer arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves during sympathetic overstimulation.

Conclusion

Cardiac MAO-A inhibition exerts an anti-arrhythmic effect by enhancing diastolic Ca2+ handling under catecholamine stress.
Evaluating the impact of light quality on plant–herbivore interactions using hemp as the model system
Authors: Pojmann-Ezeonyilo Eze , Langenhoven Petrus , Ingwell Laura L
Published: January 2024

Light-emitting diodes (LED) offer energy-efficient and customizable light sources that can be tailored to optimize plant chemistry and growth characteristics. Indoor cannabis production is the most energy-intensive crop in the United States and suffers from insect pest infestations including the cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, which can negatively impact yield. Here we investigated the potential of light quality (color) to manage Cannabis sativa plant chemistry and cannabis aphids to increase crop quality. Cannabis was grown indoors under LED lighting systems where we manipulated the color spectrum. Within each light treatment, a subset of plants was exposed to aphid herbivory. Physical and chemical plant responses and aphid biology were measured. The interaction between light quality and herbivory drove the time to the first flower (cola) in our experimental plants. Light quality did not impact THC/CBD, but plants under increased blue light had higher bud yield than those grown under white light. The red–blue light treatment resulted in the tallest plants with the lowest leaf-stem dry mass and bud yield. Herbivory decreased bud yield and lowered the concentration of CBD/THC in buds. Lastly, light quality impacted the reproduction and mortality of the cannabis aphid. This study demonstrates the capacity of light quality to impact plant growth traits but offers no evidence for light quality impacting CBD/THC production in Cannabis. More importantly, herbivory resulting from aphid feeding was shown to decrease CBD and THC. Light quality impacted pest biology, supporting the potential use of light quality as a pest management tool.
Incorporating reproductive system history data into cardiovascular nursing research to advance women’s health
Authors: Roberts Davis Mary , Hiatt Shirin O , Gupta Nandita , Dieckmann Nathan F , Hansen Lissi , Denfeld Quin E
Published: January 2024

The lack of sex-specific variables, such as reproductive system history (RSH), in cardiovascular research studies is a missed opportunity to address the cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden, especially among women who face sex-specific risks of developing CVD. Collecting RSH data from women enrolled in research studies is an important step towards improving women’s cardiovascular health. In this paper, we describe two approaches to collecting RSH in CVD research: extracting RSH from the medical record and participant self-report of RSH. We provide specific examples from our own research and address common data management and statistical analysis problems when dealing with RSH data in research.
Digest: Mating systems, intragenomic conflict, and speciation
Authors: Roy Scott William
Published: January 2024

Conflict over the degree of maternal investment in an offspring can exist between an offspring’s maternally inherited and paternally inherited alleles. Such conflict is not expected under self-fertilization. A new study led by Rifkin and Ostevik suggests that divergence in the degree of conflict between closely related outcrossing and selfing species can lead to aberrant early development of hybrids in morning glories. This dynamic represents a potentially powerful driver of reproductive incompatibility and thus speciation.
Theoretical hypothesis in a direct electron transfer between non-interacting Fe-S proteins within an artificial fusion
Authors: Lim Jae Kyu
Published: January 2024

Reduction of CO2 to formate utilizing formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) has been attempted biologically and electrochemically. However, the conversion efficiency is very low due to the low energy potential of electron donors and/or electron competition with other electron acceptors. To overcome such a low conversion efficiency, I focused on a direct electron transfer between two unrelated redox enzymes for the efficient reduction of CO2 and utilized the quantum mechanical magnetic properties of the [Fe-S] ([iron-sulfur]) cluster to develop a novel electron path. Using this electron path, we connected non-interacting carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and FDH, constructing a synthetic carbon monoxide:formate oxidoreductase as a single functional enzyme complex in the previous study. Here, a theoretical hypothesis that can explain the direct electron transfer phenomenon based on the magnetic properties of the [Fe-S] cluster is proposed.