bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA RIQUEZA DE LAS PLANTAS CON FLORES DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Rangel-Churio Jesús Orlando
Published: December 2015

Con base en los inventarios florísticos a nivel regional que se adelantan desde 1991 se documentaron los patrones de riqueza (distribución, concentración) a nivel de familia de las plantas con flores en Colombia y en sus regiones naturales extra-andinas. En Colombia están representadas 238 de las 414 familias de plantas con flores reconocidas a nivel global, lo cual significa el 57.7% de esta riqueza. De las regiones naturales incluidas en este estudio, la Amazonia es la más rica en número de especies y la de mayor superficie y en el Caribe se alcanzó el mayor número de familias (201). El índice de riqueza a nivel de familia fue mayor en el Caribe (15.6 x 10-4) y el de especies fue mayor en el Chocó (3.4x10-2) y menor en la Orinoquia (1.7x 10-2.). En la Orinoquia están ausentes 65 familias, en la Amazonia 49, en el Chocó 59 y en el Caribe 35 respectivamente. En cuanto a distintividad taxonómica a nivel de familias, en el Caribe se encuentran 19 familias con distribución restringida, en Amazonia cinco, en el Chocó y en la Orinoquia una en cada caso. No se comprobó una relación directa entre superficie del área de la región natural y las expresiones de la riqueza y de la distintividad taxonómica. Se confirma el patrón alto de riqueza en un número reducido de familias, en las 50 familias más ricas en todas las regiones naturales se concentran los valores de riqueza específica por encima del 82%. Entre las familias con mayor concentración de especies en Colombia, en comparación con la situación a nivel del mundo cabe destacar a Metteniusaceae, grupo que presenta siete de las nueve especies registradas en el mundo e igualmente a Brunelliaceae, Siparunaceae, Cyclanthaceae, Heliconiaceae, Myristicaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Gunneraceae, Humiriaceae, Rapateaceae y Tropaeolaceae. Una comparación de los patrones de riqueza a nivel de familia en los países megadiversos de Suramérica, muestra que en Brasil 41 familias tienen mayor número de especies; especialmente Compositae (1965), Fabaceae (2694), Poacaeae (1401), Myrtaceae (927), Melastomataceae (1312) y Bromeliaceae (1207). En Colombia 15 familias tienen el mayor número de especies; Araceae (800), Piperaceae (604) y Gesneriaceae (520). En Ecuador hay cuatro familias con mayor expresión de la riqueza, especialmente Orchidaceae (3630) y Ericaceae (224). En Ecuador se encontraron los valores más altos en los índices de riqueza a nivel de familia (8.2 x 10-4) y de especie (5.5X10-2).
A "RECENSÃO A AENESIDEMUS" E A GÉNESE DA DOUTRINA DA CIÊNCIA DE FICHTE
Authors: Silva Fernando Manuel Ferreira da
Published: December 2015

RESUMO O presente ensaio aborda o período anterior às obras tidas como as diferentes reescrições da Doutrina da Ciência, de J. G. Fichte, e aí tenta não só perceber a origem da necessidade de um princípio da identidade, como ela surge aquando das primeiras ocorrências do mesmo, mas também discernir os primeiros passos de todo o problema da possibilidade (ou não) de um princípio absoluto de toda a filosofia, que sempre animaria a empresa. O foco em questão é a «Aenesidemus-Rezension», onde Fichte junta a sua voz ao aceso diálogo já anteriormente entabulado por K. L. Reinhold e G. E. Schulze, e, na necessidade de repensar o princípio da consciência do primeiro, e as críticas a este feitas pelo segundo, é trazido à convicção da necessidade de um novo princípio absoluto; mas onde, e é este o fulcro do presente ensaio, Fichte percebe a insuficiência filososófica do sistema reinholdiano como uma insuficiência de linguagem, e portanto todo o problema como um problema que depende intimamente de uma apoditicidade linguística, e daí parte para a proposta de uma nova terminologia nacional, uma linguagem filosófica sistematicamente certa e inequívoca, à altura de um sistema filosófico regido por um princípio absoluto – um problema que viria a ocupar as cogitações de toda a geração de jovens pensadores em torno do professor de Jena.
FERNANDO PESSOA E O PROBLEMA DA METAFÍSICA
Authors: Ribeiro Nuno
Published: December 2015

RESUMO O presente artigo visa elucidar a tematização que Fernando Pessoa apresenta da questão da metafísica, à luz dos escritos filosóficos deixados por este autor no seu espólio. No espólio de Fernando Pessoa, conservado na Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, existe uma multiplicidade de projetos e fragmentos de cariz filosófico sobre metafísica dos quais resultaram uma pluralidade de escritos relativos ao sentido da noção de ser. Assim, através de uma análise dos diversos projetos pessoanos consagrados à questão da metafísica, pretendemos clarificar as sucessivas soluções apresentadas por Fernando Pessoa para a problemática do ser.
AU COMMENCEMENT ÉTAIT LA MÉTAPHORE: UNE INTUITION PRÉCOCE DE NIETZSCHE SUR LA PRIMAUTÉ DE LA MÉTAPHORE COMME MATRICE COGNITIVE
Authors: Lamy Laurent
Published: December 2015

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude met en perspective le précédent constitué par les travaux précoces du jeune Nietzsche où ce dernier fait valoir la force structurante de la métaphore comme matrice des facultés cognitives. Nous offrons d’abord une brève esquisse des postulats et des acquis des grammaires cognitives associées aux travaux d’Eleanor Rosch, ensuite de George Lakoff et Mark Johnson, ainsi qu’à la notion d’inscription corporelle de l’esprit développée par Francesco Varela. Cet exercice sert de propédeutique à une série de lectures tangentes mobilisant divers angles d’approche appelés à faciliter noter évaluation des contributions de Nietzsche au domaine de la cognition. Les travaux examinés nous situent dans la période contemporaine de la publication de son premier grand ouvrage, La naissance de la tragédie (1872) : les notes pour le cours intitulé Présentation de la rhétorique ancienne (Darstellung der antiken Rhetorik), prononcé au semestre d’hiver 1872-1873 à l’Université de Bâle, ensuite ses Theoretische Studien, datant de l’été 1873, avec un renvoi aux développements plus tardifs dans le Gai Savoir (1882). La thèse de Nietzsche peut être résumée comme suit : tous les éléments de l’appareil catégorial et du régime conceptuel à l’aide desquels nous appréhendons la réalité, a fortiori la notion de vérité qui en est le garant, sont le « précipité » ou le résidu d’un faisceau de métaphores qui constituent la force structurante des facultés cognitives. Si chez Kant nous n’avons accès qu’aux phénomènes et non au noumène, chez Nietzsche nous n’avons affaire qu’à des perspectives ou des points de vues alors que la réalité nous est monnayée sous forme de vérités qui sont des fictions ou des métaphores usées. Il ressort de cet examen que le tropisme endogène de la langue constitue une force majeure dans l’implémentation d’une conceptualité qui a la vertu d’oblitérer sa préhistoire et de se ménager un statut qui est incessamment implosé par le reflux de l’imagination créatrice nourrie par la force métaphorique qui répond à une impulsion foncière que Nietzsche associe à une « force artiste » (Kunstkraft) qui tend à démultiplier les perspectives dont la généalogie se conjugue à l’exponentiel.
Severity assessment of acute pancreatitis: applying Marshall scoring system
Authors: Carioca André Lanza , Jozala Debora Rodrigues , Bem Lucas Oliveira de , Rodrigues Jose Mauro da Silva
Published: December 2015

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the Marshall scoring system to evaluate the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods : We performed a prospective, observational study in 39 patients with AP evaluated by the Marshall scoring system and the Ranson criteria (admission and 48 hours). We assessed the progression of the disease for seven days and compared the data of the two criteria. Results : Seven patients died during the observation period and one died afterwards. All deaths had shown failure of at least one system by the Marshall method. Conclusion : The Marshall scoring system may be used as an effective and simplified application method to assess the severity of acute pancreatitis.
Occurrence and Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Cassava after Cultivation of Cover Crops as Observed by the “PCR-DGGE” Technique
Authors: Heberle Elaine dos Santos , Armas Rafael Dutra de , Heberle Daniel Alexandre , Stürmer Sidney Luiz , Peruch Luiz Augusto Martins , Lovato Paulo Emílio , Soares Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a highly mycotrophic crop, and prior soil cover may affect the density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), as well as the composition of the AMFs community in the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and the structure of AMFs communities in cassava grown after different cover crops, and the effect of the cover crop on mineral nutrition and cassava yield under an organic farming system. The occurrence and structure of the AMFs community was evaluated through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A randomized block experimental design was used with four replications. Six different cover crop management systems before cassava were evaluated: black oats, vetch, oilseed radish, intercropped oats + vetch, intercropped oats + vetch + oilseed radish, plus a control (fallow) treatment mowed every 15 days. Oats as a single crop or oats intercropped with vetch or with oilseed radish increased AMFs inoculum potential in soil with a low number of propagules, thus benefiting mycorrhizal colonization of cassava root. The treatments did not affect the structure of AMFs communities in the soil since the AMFs communities were similar in cassava roots in succession to different cover crops. AMFs colonization was high despite high P availability in the soil. The cassava crop yield was above the regional average, and P levels in the leaves were adequate, regardless of which cover crop treatments were used. One cover crop cycle prior to the cassava crop was not enough to observe a significant response in variables, P in plant tissue, crop yield, and occurrence and structure of AMFs communities in the soil. In the cassava roots in succession, the plant developmental stage affected the groupings of the structure of the AMF community.
Sustainability of Wood Productivity of Pinus TaedaBased on Nutrient Export and Stocks in the Biomass and in the Soil
Authors: Sixel Ricardo Michael de Melo , Arthur Junior José Carlos , Gonçalves José Leonardo de Moraes , Alvares Clayton Alcarde , Andrade Gabriel Ramatis Pugliese , Azevedo Antonio Carlos , Stahl James , Moreira Antônio Maurício
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT The impact of intensive management practices on the sustainability of forest production depends on maintenance of soil fertility. The contribution of forest residues and nutrient cycling in this process is critical. A 16-year-old stand of Pinus taeda in a Cambissolo Húmico Alumínico léptico (Humic Endo-lithic Dystrudept) in the south of Brazil was studied. A total of 10 trees were sampled distributed in five diameter classes according to diameter at breast height. The biomass of the needles, twigs, bark, wood, and roots was measured for each tree. In addition to plant biomass, accumulated plant litter was sampled, and soil samples were taken at three increments based on sampling depth: 0.00-0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60, 0.60-1.00, 1.00-1.40, 1.40-1.80, and 1.80-1.90 m. The quantity and concentration of nutrients, as well as mineralogical characteristics, were determined for each soil sample. Three scenarios of harvesting intensities were simulated: wood removal (A), wood and bark removal (B), and wood + bark + canopy removal (C). The sum of all biomass components was 313 Mg ha-1.The stocks of nutrients in the trees decreased in the order N>Ca>K>S>Mg>P. The mineralogy of the Cambissolo Húmico Alumínico léptico showed the predominance of quartz sand and small traces of vermiculite in the silt fraction. Clay is the main fraction that contributes to soil weathering, due to the transformation of illite-vermiculite, releasing K. The depletion of nutrients from the soil biomass was in the order: P>S>N>K>Mg>Ca. Phosphorus and S were the most limiting in scenario A due to their low stock in the soil. In scenario B, the number of forest rotations was limited by N, K, and S. Scenario C showed the greatest reduction in productivity, allowing only two rotations before P limitation. It is therefore apparent that there may be a difference of up to 30 years in the capacity of the soil to support a scenario such as A, with a low nutrient removal, compared to scenario C, with a high nutrient removal. Hence, the effect of different harvesting intensities on nutrient availability may jeopardize the sustainability of P. taeda in the short-term.
Filter Paper Method for the Determination of the Soil Water Retention Curve
Authors: Almeida Eurileny Lucas de , Teixeira Adunias dos Santos , Silva Filho Francisco Chagas da , Assis Júnior Raimundo Nonato de , Leão Raimundo Alípio de Oliveira
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT High cost and long time required to determine a retention curve by the conventional methods of the Richards Chamber and Haines Funnel limit its use; therefore, alternative methods to facilitate this routine are needed. The filter paper method to determine the soil water retention curve was evaluated and compared to the conventional method. Undisturbed samples were collected from five different soils. Using a Haines Funnel and Richards Chamber, moisture content was obtained for tensions of 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 33; 100; 300; 700; and 1,500 kPa. In the filter paper test, the soil matric potential was obtained from the filter-paper calibration equation, and the moisture subsequently determined based on the gravimetric difference. The van Genuchten model was fitted to the observed data of soil matric potential versus moisture. Moisture values of the conventional and the filter paper methods, estimated by the van Genuchten model, were compared. The filter paper method, with R2 of 0.99, can be used to determine water retention curves of agricultural soils as an alternative to the conventional method.
Water Balance Components in Covered and Uncovered Soil Growing Irrigated Muskmelon
Authors: Libardi Paulo Leonel , Mota Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato , Assis Júnior Raimundo Nonato de , Brito Alexsandro dos Santos , Amaro Filho Joaquim
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the terms (or processes) of the soil water balance equation or simply the components of the soil water balance over the cycle of an agricultural crop is essential for soil and water management. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze these components in a Cambissolo Háplico (Haplocambids) growing muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) under drip irrigation, with covered and uncovered soil, in the municipality of Baraúna, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (05º 04’ 48” S, 37º 37’ 00” W). Muskmelon, variety AF-646, was cultivated in a flat experimental area (20 × 50 m). The crop was spaced at 2.00 m between rows and 0.35 m between plants, in a total of ten 50-m-long plant rows. At points corresponding to ⅓ and ⅔ of each plant row, four tensiometers (at a distance of 0.1 m from each other) were set up at the depths of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m, adjacent to the irrigation line (0.1 m from the plant row), between two selected plants. Five random plant rows were mulched using dry leaves of banana (Musa sp.) along the drip line, forming a 0.5-m-wide strip, which covered an area of 25 m2 per of plant row with covered soil. In the other five rows, there was no covering. Thus, the experiment consisted of two treatments, with 10 replicates, in four phenological stages: initial (7-22 DAS - days after sowing), growing (22-40 DAS), fruiting (40-58 DAS) and maturation (58-70 DAS). Rainfall was measured with a rain gauge and water storage was estimated by the trapezoidal method, based on tensiometer readings and soil water retention curves. For soil water flux densities at 0.3 m, the tensiometers at the depths of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m were considered; the tensiometer at 0.3 m was used to estimate soil water content from the soil water retention curve at this depth, and the other two to calculate the total potential gradient. Flux densities were calculated through use of the Darcy-Buckingham equation, with hydraulic conductivity determined by the instantaneous profile method. Crop actual evapotranspiration was calculated as the unknown of the soil water balance equation. The soil water balance method is effective in estimating the actual evapotranspiration of irrigated muskmelon; there was no significant effect of soil coverage on capillary rise, internal drainage, crop actual evapotranspiration, and muskmelon yield compared with the uncovered soil; the transport of water caused by evaporation in the uncovered soil was controlled by the break in capillarity at the soil-atmosphere interface, which caused similar water dynamics for both management practices applied.
Crescimento de Milhos Transgênico (Bt) e Não Transgênico Inoculados com Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares em Solo Contaminado por Cádmio
Authors: Del Ducca Ana Paula , Melloni Eliane Guimarães Pereira , Melloni Rogério , Martins Fabrina Bolzan
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Com o crescimento populacional, aumenta-se a necessidade da produção de alimentos; paralelamente, observa-se o uso indiscriminado de fertilizantes e incorporação de plantas transgênicas no sistema produtivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do cádmio no crescimento de milho transgênico Bt e não transgênico, inoculados com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em condições controladas. Para isso, instalou-se um experimento em esquema fatorial 5 × 4 × 2, sendo cinco doses de Cd (0; 28,5; 71,50; 142,50; e 285 mg kg-1Cd), inoculação individual de espécies de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares - FMAs (Glomus clarum, Acaulospora scrobiculatae Scutellospora heterogama) e um controle não inoculado; duas cultivares de milho Monsanto, DKB-390 (Bt) e DKB-S, e três repetições por tratamento, totalizando 120 unidades experimentais compostas de recipientes plásticos de 500 mL cada. O experimento foi conduzido por 45 dias, avaliando-se, em seguida, atributos relacionados ao crescimento vegetativo e de colonização micorrízica. As doses de Cd não influenciaram o crescimento de milho transgênico Bt e não transgênico, independentemente da inoculação de FMAs. O milho transgênico Bt não respondeu à inoculação, com colonização micorrízica entre 14 e 33 %, quando comparada a do milho não transgênico, entre 32 e 74 %.
Tempo de Captura de Organismos da Mesofauna do Solo e seus Reflexos na Interpretação de Índices da Comunidade Edáfica
Authors: Freire Luiz Rodrigues , Araújo Ednaldo da Silva , Berbara Ricardo Luís Louro
Published: December 2015

RESUMO A mesofauna edáfica compreende organismos de dimensões entre 100 μm e 2 mm, sendo importante avaliar os métodos utilizados para sua caracterização. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram definir o período de tempo de permanência do material de solo no extrator Berlese-Tüllgren para a captura dos organismos da mesofauna e determinar o tempo mínimo de extração para a correta utilização dos índices de Shannon, Simpson, Pielou e Margalef, empregados na avaliação da diversidade, dominância e equabilidade das comunidades da mesofauna. O estudo foi conduzido no Departamento de Solos do Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, em terreno altamente antropizado. Foram instaladas parcelas experimentais com os seguintes tratamentos: feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrima), feijão-bravo-do-Ceará (Canavalia brasiliensis), guandu (Cajanus cajan) e vegetação espontânea, em delineamento de quadrado latino. Em cada uma das unidades experimentais, foram coletadas amostras formadas por serapilheira e material de solo, nos primeiros 5 cm da camada superficial do solo realizada um dia antes do plantio das leguminosas (outubro) e, posteriormente, por ocasião do corte da parte aérea das plantas (março). As amostras foram submetidas a uma bateria de extratores do tipo Berlese-Tüllgren, por um período de 15 dias, realizando-se a contagem diária dos organismos. A partir da contagem e identificação em nível de grupo (Ordem/Família) dos organismos capturados, foram determinados os índices de Margalef, Simpson, Shannon e Pielou, bem como verificou-se a correlação por ordem de Kendall entre os valores obtidos dia a dia até o 8º dia de extração, usando-se o índice de Shannon como referência. Concluiu-se que é possível a redução do tempo de permanência das amostras de material de solo nos funis Berlese-Tüllgren, não sendo recomendável a adoção de período de tempo inferior a seis dias para se determinar a composição da mesofauna edáfica ou para se obterem dados mais consistentes e confiáveis para se avaliarem os índices de diversidade, quando se utiliza esse procedimento.
The impact of sports mega-events on health and environmental rights in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Vilani Rodrigo Machado , Machado Carlos José Saldanha
Published: December 2015

Abstract The aim of this study is to discuss the contradictions of the Olympic Games legacy for health and environment in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Public policies for sports mega-events have been criticized for contributing to and deepening the city’s historical socio-spatial inequalities. Based on document research and data analysis, the article focused on establishing a proposal for a sustainable city, as provided in Law 10,257/2001, the so-called City’s Statute. The article concludes with remarks on Olympic urban planning, its market orientation, and failures to overcome public health and environmental sanitation problems that will persist as a legacy after 2016.
Social context of neighborhood and socioeconomic status on leisure-time physical activity in a Brazilian urban center: The BH Health Study
Authors: Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima , Goston Janaína Lavalli , César Cibele Comini , Xavier César Coelho , Proietti Fernando Augusto , Roux Ana V. Diez , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira
Published: December 2015

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and investigate its association with contextual characteristics of the social and physical environment in different socioeconomic statuses, using a household survey in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2008-2009). Leisure-time physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; and the social and physical environment by scales arising from perception of neighborhood attributes. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed separately for each socioeconomic status stratum. The overall prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was 30.2%, being 20.2% amongst participants of low socioeconomic status, 25.4% in the medium and 40.6% in the high socioeconomic status group. A greater perception of social cohesion was associated with increased leisure-time physical activity only amongst participants of the lowest socioeconomic status even after adjusting for individual characteristics. The results demonstrate the importance of social cohesion for the promotion of leisure-time physical activity in economically disadvantaged groups, supporting the need to stimulate interventions for enhancing social relationships in this population.
Urban upgrading and its impact on health: a “quasi-experimental” mixed-methods study protocol for the BH-Viva Project
Authors: Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima , Dias Maria Angélica de Salles , Reis Priscila Brandão dos , Dias Cláudia Silva , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira
Published: December 2015

Abstract There is little scientific evidence that urban upgrading helps improve health or reduce inequities. This article presents the design for the BH-Viva Project, a “quasi-experimental”, multiphase, mixed-methods study with quantitative and qualitative components, proposing an analytical model for monitoring the effects that interventions in the urban environment can have on residents’ health in slums in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A preliminary analysis revealed intra-urban differences in age-specific mortality when comparing areas with and without interventions; the mortality rate from 2002 to 2012 was stable in the “formal city”, increased in slums without interventions, and decreased in slums with interventions. BH-Viva represents an effort at advancing methodological issues, providing learning and theoretical backing for urban health research and research methods, allowing their application and extension to other urban contexts.
Hepatitis B and C in household and health services solid waste workers
Authors: Mol Marcos Paulo Gomes , Greco Dirceu Bartolomeu , Cairncross Sandy , Heller Leo
Published: December 2015

Abstract Human contact with solid waste poses biological, chemical, and physical health risks for workers involved in waste collection, transportation, and storage. The potential risk to human health resulting from contact with health services waste or household waste still sparks considerable controversy. The aim of this study was to identify the context of scientific discussions on risk/infection from the hepatitis B and C viruses in workers that collect solid waste from health services or households. The search covered publications up to 2013 in Brazilian and international databases, and 11 articles were selected through a literature review. Of these, six conclude that there is an increased risk of infection in workers that collect household waste when compared to those unexposed to waste, three point to greater risk for workers that collect health services waste as compared to those that collect ordinary waste, and the other two found no difference between exposed and unexposed individuals.
Social conditions and urban environment associated with participation in the Ciclovia program among adults from Cali, Colombia
Authors: Gómez Luis Fernando , Mosquera Janeth , Gómez Olga Lucia , Moreno José , Pinzon Jose D. , Jacoby Enrique , Cepeda Magda , Parra Diana Celmira
Published: December 2015

Abstract The Ciclovia program (CP) has emerged as an effective initiative to promote active living in urban spaces in Latin America. This study assessed the association between social conditions, the urban environment and participation in the CP among adults living in the city of Cali, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 among 719 adults aged 18 to 44. Urban environment measures were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. A multilevel logistic regression was used for the analysis. Slightly more than 7% of participants had participated in the CP in the previous four weekends. Being male and having a high school degree were positively associated with participation in the CP. Participation in the CP was positively associated with living in neighborhoods with Ciclovia lanes. In contrast, a negative association was found among those living in neighborhoods with a presence of traffic fatalities. This study provides new insights about a recreational program that has potential health benefits in a region marked by urban inequalities in terms of opportunities for physical activity.
Public Health Observatories in England: recent transformations and continuing the legacy
Authors: Wilkinson John
Published: December 2015

Abstract Public Health Observatories (PHOs) were created in England in 2000 as an important adjunct to the public health system in the country. The observatories were networked together, which allowed pooling of expertise and rapid dissemination of methods and results. The network grew to include the whole of the UK and Ireland and was a very successful force for change until PHOs were subsumed into the new Government Agency Public Health Organization, Public Health England. This paper describes the lessons learnt from their existence in the public health system in England for fourteen years.
Health in cities: is a systems approach needed?
Authors: Roux Ana V. Diez
Published: December 2015

Abstract This paper reviews the potential utility of using the concepts and tools of systems to understand and act on health in cities. The basic elements of systems approaches and the links between cities as systems and population health as emerging from the functioning of a system are reviewed. The paper also discusses implications of systems thinking for urban health including the development of dynamic conceptual models, the use of new tools, the integration of data in new ways and the identification of data gaps, and the formulation of different kinds of questions and identification of new policies. The paper concludes with a review of caveats and challenges.
Degree of Conversion and Mechanical Properties of Resin Cements Cured Through Different All-Ceramic Systems
Authors: Lopes Camila de Carvalho Almança , Rodrigues Renata Borges , Silva André Luis Faria e , Simamoto Júnior Paulo Cézar , Soares Carlos José , Novais Veridiana Resende
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the degree of conversion (DC), Vickers microhardness (VH) and elastic modulus (E) of resin cements cured through different ceramic systems. One 1.5-mm-thick disc of each ceramic system (feldspathic, lithium dissilicate and zircônia veneered with feldspathic) was used. Three dual-cured (Allcem, Variolink II and RelyX U200) and one chemically-cured (Multilink) resin cements were activated through ceramic discs. For dual-cured resin cements was used a conventional halogen light-curing unit (Optilux 501 at 650 mW/cm2 for 120 s). Samples cured without the ceramic disc were used as control. The samples were stored at 37 °C for 24 h. ATR/FTIR spectrometry was used to evaluate the extent of polymerization in the samples (n=5). Micromechanical properties - VH and E - of the resin cements (n=5) were measured with a dynamic indentation test. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation (α=0.05). DC was affected only by the type of resin cement (p=0.001). For VH, significant interaction was detected between resin cement and ceramic (p=0.045). The dual-cured resin cements showed no significant differences in mean values for E and significantly higher values than the chemically-cured resin cement. The degree of conversion and the mechanical properties of the evaluated resin cements depend on their activation mode and the type of ceramics used in 1.5 mm thickness. The dual-cured resin cements performed better than the chemically-cured resin cement in all studied properties.
Effects of Different Polishing Protocols on Lithium Disilicate Ceramics
Authors: Silva Tânia Mara da , Salvia Ana Carolina Rodrigues Danzi , Carvalho Rodrigo Furtado de , Silva Eduardo Galera da , Pagani Clóvis
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different polishing protocols on surface roughness and morphology of lithium disilicate ceramics (IPS e.max CAD). Fifty ceramic bars (2.0x3.0x2.5 mm) were produced and randomly divided into five groups (n=10), according to surface treatments: C: Control; Cer: Ceramaster (60 s); CW: cloth wheel with large-grit diamond (30 s) + cloth wheel with fine-grit diamond paste (30 s); E: grey Exa-Cerapol (20 s) + pink Exa-Cerapol (20 s) + Cerapol Super (20 s); F: Felt wheel with large-grit diamond paste (30 s) + Felt wheel with fine-grit diamond paste (30 s). The samples were evaluated quantitatively for surface roughness (Ra) and qualitatively by SEM, at different moments: initial (prior to roughening), after roughening and after polishing procedures. Ra means were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). After the different polishing protocols, no statistically significant differences were observed between the Cer and E groups (p=0.6347), E and CW groups (p=0.1366), and CW and FW groups (p=0.5433). Comparing different stages in the same group, it was possible to observe that CW (p<0.0001) and FW groups (p<0.0001) showed significant differences. SEM analysis revealed that both Cer and E groups exhibited a surface morphological pattern similar to that of control group. All polishing systems were effective in reducing the surface roughness of the studied ceramic type.
Influence of Implant Surfaces on Osseointegration: A Histomorphometric and Implant Stability Study in Rabbits
Authors: Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes , Claudino Marcela , Carvalho Valessa Florindo , Rocha Flaviana Soares , Zanetta-Barbosa Darceny
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and osseointegration of implant with different wettability using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and histomorphometric analysis (bone implant contact, BIC; and bone area fraction occupied, BAFO) after 2 and 4 weeks in rabbit tibiae. Thirty-two Morse taper implants (length 7 mm, diameter 3.5 mm) were divided according to surface characteristics (n=8): Neo, sandblasted and dual acid-etched; and Aq, sandblasted followed by dual acid-etched and maintained in an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were used. Two implants of each group were installed in the right and left tibiae according to the experimental periods. The RFA (Ostell(r)) was obtained immediately and after the sacrifice (2 and 4 weeks). The bone/implant blocks were processed for histomorphometric analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation for ISQ, BIC and BAFO parameters (p=0.05). No significant effect of implant, period of evaluation or interaction between implant and period of evaluation was found for BIC and BAFO values (p>0.05). Only period of evaluation had significant effect for RFA values at 4 weeks (p=0.001), and at 2 weeks (p<0.001). RFA values were significantly higher at the final period of evaluation compared with those obtained at early periods. There was a significant correlation between BIC values and BAFO values (p=0.009). Both implant surfaces, Aq and Neo, were able to produce similar implant bone integration when normal cortical bone instrumentation was performed.
Use of Silver Nanoparticles Reduces Internal Contamination of External Hexagon Implants by Candida albicans
Authors: Matsubara Victor Haruo , Igai Fernando , Tamaki Regina , Tortamano Neto Pedro , Nakamae Atlas Edson Moleros , Mori Matsuyoshi
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Since the dental implant/abutment interface cannot totally seal the passage of microorganisms, the interior of implant becomes a reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms that produce and maintain chronic inflammation in the tissues around implants. Silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) are potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the nano-Ag to prevent the contamination of the implant internal surface byCandida albicans, caused by the implant/abutment microgap infiltration. Thirty-six implants were used in this experiment. Three study groups were performed: experimental group (implants receiving an application of nano-Ag in their inner cavity before installation of the abutment); positive-control group (implants receiving sterile phosphate buffer saline application instead of nano-Ag) and negative-control group (implants receiving the application of nano-Ag in the inner cavity and immersed in a sterile medium). In the positive-control and experimental groups, the implants were immersed in a Candida albicans suspension. The abutments of all three groups were screwed with a 10 N torque. After 72 h of immersion inC. albicans suspension or sterile medium, the abutments were removed and the inner surface of the implants was sampled with absorbent paper cone for fungal detection. No C. albicans contamination was observed in the negative-control group. The positive-control group showed statistically higher values of colony forming units (CFUs) of C. albicans compared with the experimental group. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles reduced C. albicans colonization inside the implants, even with low torque screw abutment.
Quão longe fomos com a Linguística Aplicada de Sinais na educação de surdos?
Authors: Mertzani Maria
Published: December 2015

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os desenvolvimentos atuais da Linguística Aplicada de Sinais e sua relação com a educação de surdos em três áreas principais na União Europeia (EU): (a) os métodos específicos usados no ensino de Língua de Sinais (LS); (b) a natureza disciplinar da área pesquisada que é compartilhada (levando em consideração o vasto contexto cultural no qual as LSs operam); e (c) os construtos necessários para pesquisar e estudar aqueles temas fundamentais da Linguística Aplicada de Sinais. O artigo argumenta que o desenvolvimento futuro da Linguística Aplicada de Sinais orientada pedagogicamente está atrelado à capacidade que a pesquisa tem, em termos de infraestrutura, de empreender estudos do tipo processo-produto em níveis macro, ou seja, em programas de avaliação de LS, e micro – na sala de aula de LS.
Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio e acesso de estudantes surdos ao Ensino Superior Brasileiro
Authors: Martins Diléia Ap. , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa
Published: December 2015

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta as primeiras aproximações relativas à pesquisa "Acessibilidade e Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio: desafios para a escolarização de estudantes surdos", inserida no programa Observatório em Educação (Obeduc), Projeto Acessibilidade no Ensino Superior. Investiga dados oficiais publicados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas (Inep), referentes ao aumento progressivo do número de matrículas de estudantes surdos em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Analisa questões relativas à nota obtida por esses estudantes, ao se submeterem ao Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), e o uso dessa nota para ingressarem em universidades brasileiras. Os dados analisados, no presente artigo, indicam discrepância de desempenho de estudantes sem deficiência, quando comparados aos estudantes surdos.
Contribuições da Educação Infantil e do brincar na aquisição de linguagem por crianças surdas
Authors: Martins Vanessa Regina de Oliveira , Albres Neiva de Aquino , Sousa Wilma Pastor de Andrade
Published: December 2015

Resumo O presente artigo problematiza a proposta bilíngue para crianças surdas na Educação Infantil e sua importância para o desenvolvimento linguístico do sujeito surdo. A partir da descrição de uma cena escolar em uma escola Polo bilíngue da rede municipal no interior de São Paulo, discute a aquisição de linguagem precoce e a relevância do brincar na Educação Infantil e reflete sobre a aquisição da língua de sinais nessa faixa etária, por meio da interação dialógica com o outro (surdo). Enfatiza a necessidade de políticas que estimulem a entrada da criança surda neste nível de ensino e valorizem a especificidade da surdez numa vertente bilíngue (Libras/Português) e também sugere a ampliação de escolas polos, inclusivas e bilíngues, para estudantes surdos e a adoção da língua de sinais como língua de instrução, com professores surdos e colegas surdos.
The Use of Fiberglass and Ceramic Cylinders to Support the Root Pass in C-Steel Welds with a Double-V Groove
Authors: Gurgel Ricardo Fernandes , Paranhos Ronaldo Pinheiro da Rocha
Published: December 2015

Abstract The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of fiberglass and ceramic fiber cylinders as root-pass weld backing for a double-V groove in 16 mm-thick carbon steel. Three different cylinder diameters were tested: 4.8, 9.5 mm (fiberglass) and 6.4 mm (ceramic fiber). The welding process used was GMAW. The welding technique and the following process variables were investigated: root opening, current and travel speed. The results show that cylindrical fiberglass and ceramic fiber backings not only have excellent refractory properties, but also seal the root opening and contain the weld pool sufficiently to produce a root bead free of discontinuities and with a satisfactory shape and geometry. Working points were defined, together with a possible operating range for the welding parameters. It was concluded that cylindrical fiberglass and ceramic fiber weld backings hold great promise for use in root-pass welds in double-V grooves in applications in the naval and metallurgical industry.
ENSAIO SOBRE PRÁTICAS COSMOPOLÍTICAS ENTRE FAMÍLIAS WAJÃPI SOBRE A IMAGINAÇÃO, O SENSÍVEL, O XAMANISMO E OUTRAS OBVIEDADES
Authors: Oliveira Joana Cabral de
Published: December 2015

Resumo Tendo como base uma pesquisa etnográfica entre famílias wajãpi (grupo Tupi, que habita a bacia do rio Jari-AP), este artigo aborda alguns temas candentes na etnologia das terras baixas da América do Sul por uma rota diversa: examinarei o perspectivismo ameríndio e o xamanismo a partir das relações cotidianas de pessoas não "empajezadas" com seres não humanos, em especial com as plantas. Por esse caminho etnográfico emergem questões acerca de como o mundo de outrem pode também ser conhecido fora do afamado vértice xamânico, passando por distintos dispositivos de conhecimento, tais como: a "lógica do sensível", a capacidade imaginativa e a existência de passagens entre naturezas, as quais permitem uma comunicação em amplo sentido - o que proponho caracterizar como um xamanismo rarefeito.
MORALIDADES, RACIONALIDADES E POLÍTICAS SEXUAIS NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Carrara Sérgio
Published: December 2015

Resumo Neste artigo, discuto a hipótese de que a emergência da noção de direitos sexuais e a crescente utilização da linguagem dos direitos humanos para consolidar uma ampla agenda de reivindicações relativas aos prazeres, aos corpos e às práticas sexuais significam mais que o mero reconhecimento de que essa dimensão da experiência humana foi alvo da ingerência autoritária do Estado no passado, e de que precisa agora de proteção especial. Tendo como referência a já significativa literatura etnográfica brasileira sobre práticas, valores, identidades e intervenções públicas relativas à sexualidade, tomo a emergência da noção de direitos sexuais como aspecto central de um processo mais amplo de transformação que acontece no nível das políticas sexuais e que incide sobre o próprio dispositivo da sexualidade. Fruto da relação dinâmica entre diferentes atores sociais (ativistas, gestores públicos, políticos, juristas, pesquisadores etc.), tais direitos são aqui considerados como símbolo da emergência histórica de um "novo" regime secular da sexualidade, acompanhado por um estilo de regulação moral que lhe é próprio.
Development of clinical reasoning in an undergraduate medical program at a Brazilian university
Authors: Roberti Alexandre , Roberti Maria do Rosário Ferraz , Pereira Edna Regina Silva , Porto Celmo Celeno , Costa Nilce Maria da Silva Campos
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The cognitive processes relating to the development of clinical reasoning are only partially understood, which explains the difficulties in teaching this skill in medical courses. This study aimed to understand how clinical reasoning develops among undergraduate medical students. DESIGN AND SETTING Quantitative and qualitative exploratory descriptive study conducted at the medical school of Universidade Federal de Goiás. METHODS The focus group technique was used among 40 students who participated in five focus groups, with eight students from each year, from the first to fifth year of the medical school program. The material was subjected to content analysis in categories, and was subsequently quantified and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square test for inferential statistics. RESULTS The content of the students' statements was divided into two categories: clinical reasoning - in the preclinical phase, clinical reasoning was based on knowledge of basic medical science and in the clinical phase, there was a change to pattern recognition; knowledge of basic medical science - 80.6% of the students recognized its use, but they stated that they only used it in difficult cases. CONCLUSION In the preclinical phase, in a medical school with a traditional curriculum, clinical reasoning depends on the knowledge acquired from basic medical science, while in the clinical phase, it becomes based on pattern recognition.
Diel vertical migration of predators (planktivorous fish larvae) and prey (zooplankton) in a tropical lagoon
Authors: Mendonça Marcos Marques , Picapedra Pablo Henrique dos Santos , Ferronato Michelli Caroline , Sanches Paulo Vanderlei
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT Based on the hypothesis that diel vertical migration (DVM) is a mechanism of predator avoidance, the objective of the present study was to test for the occurrence of DVM in planktivorous fish larvae of Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix, 1829) (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) and Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae), and zooplankton (rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) in an isolated tropical lagoon in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River, Brazil (region of Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande). We investigated spatial overlap between predators (planktivorous fish larvae) and prey (zooplankton), and tested which physical and chemical variables of the water are related to the DVM of the studied communities. We performed nocturnal (8:00 pm and 4:00 am) and diurnal sampling (8:00 am and 4:00 pm) in the limnetic region of the lagoon for six consecutive months, from October 2010 to March 2011, which comprises the reproductive period of the fish species analyzed. During the day the larvae tried to remain aggregated in the bottom of the lagoon, whereas at night they tried to disperse in the water column. Especially for cladocerans, the diel vertical migration is an important behavior to avoid predation larvae of H. edentatus and P. squamosissimus once decreased spatial overlap between secured and its potential predators, which corroborates the hypothesis that DVM is a mechanism of predator avoidance. Although significant correlations were observed between the abiotic factors and WMD of microcrustaceans at certain times of day, the effect of predation of fish larvae on zooplankton showed more important in this environment, because the small depth and isolation not allow great variation of abiotic factors seasonally and between strata the lagoon.
Ommatius nanciae, a new species from Ecuador (Diptera, Asilidae, Ommatiinae)
Authors: Vieira Rodrigo
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT A new species of Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821 is described from Ecuador. The habitus, male and female terminalia are described and illustrated.
Description of Dichelacera (Dichelacera) matogrossensis sp. nov. (Diptera, Tabanidae) of Brazilian Midwestern
Authors: Henriques Augusto L. , Krolow Tiago K.
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT Dichelacera matogrossensis sp. nov. is described based on females from the Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Diagnosis, discussion and illustrations are provided.
Uma experiência de integração ensino-serviço e a mudança de práticas profissionais: com a palavra, os profissionais de saúde
Authors: Vasconcelos Ana Claudia Freitas de , Stedefeldt Elke , Frutuoso Maria Fernanda Petroli
Published: December 2015

Objetivou-se analisar as mudanças nas práticas em saúde a partir da inserção das atividades de uma universidade pública na atenção básica em saúde de Santos, SP, Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com profissionais da atenção básica em saúde envolvidos em ações de ensino e extensão da universidade. Alguns entrevistados relatam não participar do planejamento conjunto das atividades e reiteram a dicotomia entre teoria e prática. Os profissionais apontam potencialidades na integração ensino-serviço-comunidade no que diz respeito a mudanças das práticas, entendendo que a universidade não substitui o serviço, mas propicia um momento de pausa e discussão, que permite mudar a forma de se relacionar e perceber os problemas dos usuários, de repensar a concepção de saúde, cuidado e trabalho em equipe, além de favorecer o estudo e o contato com novas ferramentas/formas de trabalho.