bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L.) TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Hermansyah Hermansyah
Published: February 2017

Demam berdarah masih menjadi salah satu penyakit endemis dan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia. Buah pare(Momordica charantia L.) secara tradisional sering digunakan sebagai obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas larvasida ekstrak metanol buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap larva Aedes aegypti dan mengetahui nilai LC50.  Buah pare diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Uji efektifitas larvasida dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah larva uji yang mati setelah terpapar ekstrak buah pare dalam waktu tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sampel ekstrak metanol buah pare memiliki aktivitas larvasida terhadap larvaAedes aegypti. Nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol buah pare untuk tiap waktu pajanan berbeda.
Ozone Variability over Egypt
Authors: Badawy Ayman , Abdel Basset Heshmat , Eid Mohamed
Published: February 2017

The variability of ozone over Egypt has been studied in this work. Higher values of coefficient of variation (COV) at eight stations occur at winter while lowest values occur at summer. The COV is function of latitude in annual, winter and spring where it decreases gradually from the north to south of Egypt. The trend analysis of ozone over the eight stations indicates negative trends over northern stations for both annual and seasonal time series with the greatest one at winter. The horizontal distribution of ozone trend values is negative over all Egypt in winter while it positive over middle and south Egypt in the other seasons. The long-term variability of the behavior of the annual ozone shows positive trend values in ozone are the dominant features during the period 1979- 1989 at the most stations. Negative trend values in ozone are the dominant features during the period 1990- 2014 at all stations. The Mann–Kendall test confirms that there is an abrupt change towards decreasing of ozone occurs in 1981, 1984, 2012, 1999, 2000, 1998 and 2010, while a change towards increasing of ozone appears in 2006, 2014, 1993 and 1989.
Nutritional, Economic, and Environmental Costs of Milk Waste in a Classroom School Breakfast Program
Authors: Blondin Stacy A. , Cash Sean B. , Goldberg Jeanne P. , Griffin Timothy S. , Economos Christina D.
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To measure fluid milk waste in a US School Breakfast in the Classroom Program and estimate its nutritional, economic, and environmental effects.

Methods. Fluid milk waste was directly measured on 60 elementary school classroom days in a medium-sized, urban district. The US Department of Agriculture nutrition database, district cost data, and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions and water footprint estimates for fluid milk were used to calculate the associated nutritional, economic, and environmental costs.

Results. Of the total milk offered to School Breakfast Program participants, 45% was wasted. A considerably smaller portion of served milk was wasted (26%). The amount of milk wasted translated into 27% of vitamin D and 41% of calcium required of School Breakfast Program meals. The economic and environmental costs amounted to an estimated $274 782 (16% of the district’s total annual School Breakfast Program food expenditures), 644 893 kilograms of CO2e, and 192 260 155 liters of water over the school year in the district.

Conclusions. These substantial effects of milk waste undermine the School Breakfast Program’s capacity to ensure short- and long-term food security and federal food waste reduction targets. Interventions that reduce waste are urgently needed.
Local Television News Coverage of the Affordable Care Act: Emphasizing Politics Over Consumer Information
Authors: Gollust Sarah E. , Baum Laura M. , Niederdeppe Jeff , Barry Colleen L. , Fowler Erika Franklin
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To examine the public health and policy-relevant messages conveyed through local television news during the first stage of Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation, when about 10 million Americans gained insurance.

Methods. We conducted a content analysis of 1569 ACA-related local evening television news stories, obtained from sampling local news aired between October 1, 2013, and April 19, 2014. Coders systematically collected data using a coding instrument tracking major messages and information sources cited in the news.

Results. Overall, only half of all ACA-related news coverage focused on health insurance products, whereas the remainder discussed political disagreements over the law. Major policy tools of the ACA—the Medicaid expansion and subsidies available—were cited in less than 10% of news stories. Number of enrollees (27%) and Web site glitches (33%) were more common features of coverage. Sources with a political affiliation were by far the most common source of information (> 40%), whereas research was cited in less than 4% of stories.

Conclusions. The most common source of news for Americans provided little public health–relevant substance about the ACA during its early implementation, favoring political strategy in coverage.
The Future of the Affordable Care Act and Insurance Coverage
Authors: Glied Sherry , Jackson Adlan
Published: February 2017

We describe the patterns of coverage gains associated with the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expansions and use these patterns to assess the potential impact of alternative repeal or repeal and replace strategies because Congress and the president are weighing options to repeal or replace the ACA.

We find that specific provisions of the ACA, including the Medicaid expansion and the structure of premium subsidies, have been associated with large and robust gains in insurance coverage. We evaluate the impact of retaining dependent coverage and high-risk pool provisions and show, on the basis of the ACA experience, that these provisions would have little effect on coverage.

We find that many replacement proposal components, including flat tax credits and maintaining cost savings provisions, could jeopardize the ability of many of the ACA’s primary beneficiaries, as well as other Americans, to access coverage and care. By leading to a deterioration of the safety net, these strategies could also imperil population health activities.
We Put On a Comic-Con (And So Can You!)
Authors: Denwiddie Kate , Hamdan Kareemah
Published: February 2017

A comic-con may seem like a strange fit for a library. People may think of comic books as an inferior form of literature, or not as literature at all, and they may think of a comic-con as a commercial enterprise (which it can be, but often isn’t). The most famous comic-con, popularly known as the Comic-Con, is the International Comic-Con: San Diego. Started in 1970, it has since grown to draw upwards of 13,000 people, and features superstar creators and authors of the comic, sci-fi, and fantasy world.
Virginia Library Leadership Academy 2014
Authors: Doherty Teresa
Published: February 2017

The Leadership Development Forum of the Virginia Library Association is sponsoring the 3rd Virginia Library Leadership Academy (VALLA), facilitated by nationally recognized speaker, Dr. Robert Burgin, who will discuss leadership in the library environment. Registration opened in November for interested library staff and faculty in Virginia, and membership in the Virginia Library Association (VLA) is not required. VALLA will be held May 5–6, 2014, at the Stonewall Jackson Hotel and Conference Center in Staunton. The cost for each participant is $350, which includes registration for the workshop, one night’s lodging, meals, and workshop materials. Conference rates at the hotel are available for two nights prior and two nights following the workshop.
Virginia Publications
Authors: Gardner Adele
Published: February 2017

Virginia Libraries invites VLA members and Virginia creators to send news of their latest publications. Asterisks before the author’s name indicate known VLA members. If you’re aware of new publications by Virginia residents, please email the columnist at cgardner@hampton.gov . If you have access to an item on this list and would like to review it, please query the editors (see page 40 for more information).
Identifikasi cDNA Gen RB pada Tanaman Kentang Produk Rekayasa Genetika Katahdin SP951
Authors: Hadiarto Toto , Listanto Edy , Riyanti Eny I.
Published: February 2017

To overcome the negative impact of the fungicide application, RB gene, originated from Solanum bulbocastanum, a resistance
gene to the disease has been introduced to the genome of potato plant Katahdin, which was later named as Katahdin SP951.
The aims of the research were to confirm the RB gene in the genetically modified plant (GMP) Katahdin SP951 through
resequencing the RB gene in the Katahdin SP951 genome and to align the RB genes isolated from the transgenic Katahdin SP951
and the cloning vector pLCD0454, which was used the vector to transform Katahdin cultivar. The RB gene has high similarity to
other resistance genes in potato plants, and therefore nontransgenic Katahdin, and Solanum bulbocastanum were used in the
analysis as the negative and positive control, respectively. Seven pairs of specific primers, which could differentiate the RB gene
were used for gene sequencing studies. The sequencing experiments obtained 2913 bases which showed 100% similarity to the
RB sequence isolated from the pLCD04541 plasmid. It is concluded that the RB gene in the Katahdin SP951 did not experience
mutation during transformation process and integration into the Katahdin genome.
Penentuan Alergenisitas Protein Gen RB pada Kentang Produk Rekayasa Genetika Berdasarkan Studi Bioinformatika
Authors: Riyanti Eny Ida , Listanto Edy , Ambarwati A. Dinar
Published: February 2017

Genetically modified products (GMP) of Katahdin potato event SP951 containing RB gene resistant to late blight diseases
caused by Phytophtora infestans has been developed in the USA. This Katahdin SP951 potato has been crossed with local
varieties Atlantic and Granola for its development in Indonesia. In the release process, the GMP potato should be tested for
environmental and food safety. One of the food safety assessment needs to be done by determining allergenicity of RB protein
whether it is potential as allergen. This research aims to translate the RB gene sequence into RB protein sequence and
investigate the potential RB protein as an allergen through bioinformatic studies. This study was performed based on the
alignment with available protein allergens from available database websites. The predicted RB protein obtained from 2,913
amino acids RB gene was a 971 amino acids length protein with ATG as a start codon and TAA as a stop codon. Bioinformatics
studies of RB protein were performed using www.allergenonline.com, consisted of three searches, i.e. full-length search by
FASTA, 80 amino acids search by FASTA, and 8 amino acid exact matches. For full-length alignment search, there are three
allergen proteins similar with RB protein sequence with the percentage identity of <35%, while for alignment with 80 amino
acids and 8 amino acids did not show similarity with any allergen protein in the database. It can be concluded that RB protein
did not have any potential as an allergen, as according to Codex Alimentarius guidelines for full-length alignment search, only
protein with identity greater than >50% indicating possible cross reactivity with protein allergen.
Analisis Sidik Jari DNA Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Menggunakan Markah SSR
Authors: Santoso Tri Joko , Utami Dwinita Wikan , Septiningsih Endang M.
Published: February 2017

Accuracy is an important issue for plant germplasm identification, especially forvarietal conformation, registration, and plant protection. A study was conducted to determine genetic variation in 96 soybean accessions based on variation in size and number alelles using fluorescently-labeled SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers on a capillary-electrophoresis DNA analyzer. This technology can be used to measure sizes of DNA fragments accurately and the genotyping protocol can be automated in a high-throughput manner. In addition, the germplasm as a whole can be further analyzed to measure the amount of genetic diversity and to identify agronomically-important genes or alleles for variety improvement. Results of the study indicated that nearly all the soyben accessions tested showed unique DNA fingerprints or genetic identities. The rare alleles (frequency <5%) that might have the potential in the variety improvement program had also been detected. Identification of the 96 soybean accessions using 10 SSR markers had detected 116 alleles, ranging between 7-19 alleles per locus, with the value of PIC (Polymorphism Information Content), reflecting the value of frequency and allele variation) 0.703. The tendency for clustering together of the allelles in certain groups of the improved soyben varieties indicating that there were close genetic relationships among them. In addition, molecular differences between two accessions having the same names but with different number of registrations were detected. Furthermore, the presence of two soybean accessions with different names but having the same molecular identity was also identified.
Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Pertumbuhan Kalus dan Keragaman Planlet Tanaman Nilam
Authors: Kadir Abdul , Sutjahjo Surjono H , Wattimena Gustav A , Mariska Ika
Published: February 2017

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Calli Growth and
Patchouly Planlet Variation. Abdul Kadir, Surjono H.
Sutjahjo, Gustav A. Wattimena, and Ika Mariska. This
research was objected to study the effect of gamma irradiation
on growth of calli and plantlet and phenotypic variation
of patchouly plantlet. Research was conducted at the Tissue
Culture Laboratory of Center for Agricultural Biotechnology
and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor.
Gamma irradiation treatment was done at the Centre for Research
and Development of Isotop and Radiation Technology,
BATAN, Jakarta. The treatment consisted of 5 level of
irradiation i.e. 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy of gamma irradiation.
The result showed that gamma irradiation of 20 Gy
decrease calli quality index and increased percentage of
calli death and inhibited calli growth at 30, 60 and 90 days
after irradiation, also decrese number of shoots. Gamma irradiation
of 5 Gy and 10 Gy increased growth planlet
compared 15 Gy and 20 Gy, meanwhile gamma irradiation at
20 Gy induced high frequency of phenotypic variation of
patchouly plantlet.
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Hasil Rekayasa Genetik: Status, Regulasi, dan Metode Deteksi di Indonesia
Authors: Bahagiawati Bahagiawati , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: February 2017

Application of Genetically Modified Crops: Status, Regulation,
and Detection Method in Indonesia. Bahagiawati
and Sutrisno. Global area of transgenic crop was increase
tremendously. The number of country accepting of planting
and/or marketing the transgenic crops and its derivative
products also become more numberous. However, due to
existing controversy on the benefit and risk, the application
of transgenic crops was governed by regulations to protect
the consumer and environment from its unwanted effects.
There are some international conventions that managing
and controlling the uses of these crops, one of them was
Cartagena protocol that Indonesia ratified in 2004. Indonesia
also launched a regulation upon labelling package food
derived from transgenic crops in 1999. To implement either
the Cartagena protocol and labelling regulation, Indonesia
needs to increase its capacity to detect the present of the
transgenic crop product either in raw, and proceesed food.
This review will discuss about the development of the
application of transgenic crop and its product globally, and
list of transgenic crops that have been accepted and
approved as safe for human consumption and environment.
The regulations upon the application of transgenic crop in
Indonesia also be informed. Some metodologies to detect
the presence of the genetically modified food that are
generally use in some countries also be discussed in this
review.
Sebelas Tahun Perkembangan Jagung Bt dan Statusnya secara Global
Authors: Herman M.
Published: February 2017

Major insect pests of corn are the Asian
corn borer, the European corn borer, and the corn root
worm. The value of crop losses due to the insect pests in
America is $2.6 billion, Asia $1.6 billion, Africa $0.8 billion,
and Europe $0.6 billion. Prior to the use of Bt corn, farmers
used a lot of insecticides to control the insect pests.
Following introduction of the Bt corn in 1996, this crop has
been grown over 21 million hectares by millions of farmers
from 13 countries in North America, Latin America, Asia,
Africa and Europe. Globally, the farmers had been benefited
by grownt the Bt corn. The benefits varies, dependent on
countries and level of the corn borer infestations. In 2001,
the US farmers gained $125 million benefit from growing the
crop. In 2002, farmers in Spain gained 11-15 million benefit
from the Bt corn alone. During the period of 2003-2005, corn
farmers in the Philippines gained $8 million from the Bt corn.
Bt corn has not been grown commercially in Indonesia,
although Bt corn MON810 has been declared as save to
release in the environment by the Indonesian Biosafety
Committee. In 2001-2002, farmers in South Sulawesi with
had grown Bt cotton, this was the first time Bt crop in the
country since the placement and implementation of the
biosafety regulation by the Indonesian Government in 1998.
Kriopreservasi untuk Konservasi Plasma Nutfah Tanaman: Peluang Pemanfaatannya di Indonesia
Authors: Leunufna Semuel
Published: February 2017

Increasing rate of plant germplasm lost in
Indonesia has promoted the implementation of various
methods for their conservation. Cryopreservation is a technique
applicable for a long-term preservation (base collection)
of plants possessing non-orthodox (recalcitrant and
semi-recalcitrant) seeds and those propagated vegetatively.
The technique can be used as an alternative method for
orthodox seed plants preservation in the ex situ conservation
system. Although field and in vitro collection methods can
be applied for the non-orthodox seed plants, a number of
disadvantages possesed by these methods, especially in the
tropics or the developing countries, deny their use for the
establishment of a long-term germplasm collection. Successful
implementation of the cryopreservation technique is
supported by the development of protocols, which are able
to provide a high recovery rate for species understudy, using
vitrification based methods which are simple, economical,
applicable to complex organs, and able to implement a high
number of explants per experiment. The availability of infrastructures
including in vitro culture laboratories, continue
supply of liquid nitrogen is highly supporting the use of
cryopreservation technique in Indonesia.
Isolasi Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Xilanase serta Karakterisasi Enzimnya
Authors: Richana Nur , Irawadi Tun T. , Nur Anwar , Syamsu Khaswar
Published: February 2017

Xylanase is an extracellular enzyme produced by
microorganisms. This enzyme is able to hydrolise xylane
(hemicellulose) to produce xylooligosaccharide and xylose.
Thermoalkaliphilic xylanase is an agent that can be used as
a substitute in the pulp whitening process instead of chlorine.
A study was done to isolate, identificate of bacteria and
characterize xylanase. The isolation of xylanase producing
bacteria has been done from soil and waste of starch industry.
Colonies which produced clearing zone were presumed
as xylanolytic bacteria and chosen for further screening.
Identification of potential isolate in xylanase production was
done using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Isolate Bacillus
pumilus RXA-III5 originated from lime or alkaline soil was
more potential isolate in xylanase production than other 24
isolates. Precipitation of xylanase, that was done using
ammonium sulphate followed by dialyzes produced xylanase
of a higher specific activity (267.1 U.mg-1) than that using
acetone (131.1 U.mg-1) and ethanol (186.65 U.mg-1). Xylanase
was done at purification produced three fractions of xylanase.
Xylanase characteristics consist of pH and temperature
(9 and 50oC), Km and Vmaks value 6 mg.ml-1 and 0.2
mol.minute-1, respectively. The Fe2+ was the strongest activetor
and Mg2+ was the strongest inhibitor activity. This enzyme
was detected as a cellulose-free xylanase. Xylanase is a
prospective agent for bio-bleaching of paper.
ULASAN Masalah Pencoklatan pada Kultur Jaringan
Authors: Hutami Sri
Published: February 2017

Several
tropical plant species contain high concentrations of phenolic
compounds, which become oxidised when their cells
are wounded or when the plant parts become senescences.
In tissue culture, the phenolic compounds usually leach into
the medium from the cut surfaces of explants. The phenolic
compounds caused the culture medium turns to dark brown
in colour due to oxidation. This is detrimental to the culture,
because it causes the isolated tissue fails to grow. The
browning of tissue culture and the medium can often be
prevented by one of the several different approaches, such
as by removing the phenolic compounds produced, modifying
the redox potential, inactivating phenolase enzymes,
reducing phenolase activity and substrate availability, as well
as pre-treatments by soaking and preconditioning on a basal
medium.
Construction and Expression of Pet Operon using Shuttle Vector for Mesophilic and Thermophilic Bacteria
Authors: Riyanti Eny Ida , Rogers Peter L.
Published: February 2017

Keuntungan fermentasi etanol pada suhu tinggi mendorong penelitian perakitan bakteri termofilik etalogenik. Selain itu, kemampuan bakteri termofilik dalam penggunaan gula pentosa hasil degradasi biomasa memberi peluang untuk menekan biaya produksi bioetanol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkonstruksi pet (production of ethanol) operon dengan menggunakan shuttle vector pMK18 dan melihat ekspresinya dalam bakteri mesofilik dan termofilik. Konstruksi dan ekspresi pet operon dengan menggunakan adhT dari bakteri termofilik dan pdc dari bakteri mesofilik, dan penggunaan mesofilik-termofilik shuttle vector sebagai backbone-nya baru pertama kali dilaporkan. Pet operon adalah suatu susunan gen penyandi produksi etanol yang terdiri dari gen pdc (pyruvate decarboxylase) dan adh (alcohol dehydrogenase). Konstruksi pet operon menggunakan gen adhT dari bakteri termofilik Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG dan pdc (pyruvate dehydrogenase) dari bakteri mesofilik Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan mesofilik-termofilik shuttle vector pMK18. Ekspresi pet operon pada bakteri mesofilik Eschericia coli dapat memproduksi 0,3 g/l etanol dengan aktivitas adhT sekitar 0,02 U/mg protein dan aktivitas pdc sekitar 0,004 U/mg protein. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk perbaikan konstruksi pet operon untuk sistem
termofik pada Thermus thermophilus HB27, karena konstruksi yang didapat belum optimum untuk sistem termofilik ini. Hasil ini diharapkan akan mengawali pengembangan
teknik manipulasi genetik pada bakteri termofilik yang masih sangat terbatas, khususnya pengembangan teknik manipulasi termofilik etanologenik. Kata kunci: Etanol, bakteri termofilik, bakteri mesofilik, pet operon, ekspresi gen. 
Rice Anther Culture to Develop Double Haploid Population and Blast Resistant Lines
Authors: Ambarwati Dinar , Soemantri Ida H. , Utami Dwinita W. , Apriana Aniversari , Moeljopawiro Sugiono
Published: February 2017

Penyakit blas pada padi yang disebabkan
oleh cendawan Pyricularia grisea, merupakan salah satu
kendala dalam produksi beras. Sumber gen ketahanan terhadap
penyakit blas dijumpai pada spesies padi liar Oryza
rufipogon. Populasi silang ganda (BC2F3) turunan IR64 dan
O. rufipogon mempunyai QTL untuk sifat ketahanan terhadap
penyakit blas. Untuk mempercepat perolehan tanaman
homosigot dari populasi tersebut, dilakukan kultur anter
pada dua media induksi kalus: I1 (N6 + NAA 2 mg/l + kinetin
0,5 mg/l + sukrosa 60 g/l + putresin 0,16 g/l) dan I2 (N6 +
2,4-D 2 mg/l + sukrosa 50 g/l) dan dua media regenerasi: R1
(MS + NAA 0,5 mg/l + kinetin 2 mg/l + sukrosa 40 g/l +
putresin 0,16 g/l) dan R2 (MS + NAA 1 mg/l + kinetin 2 mg/l
+ sukrosa 30 g/l). Kultur anter dilakukan pada sembilan genotipe,
di mana tiga genotipe (149-16, 343, 337-13) memberikan
respon terbaik dalam produksi planlet hijau setelah
dikulturkan pada media regenerasi R1. Dari 208 planlet hasil
regenerasi diperoleh 42 planlet haploid ganda dari genotipe
149-16, 11 planlet haploid ganda dari genotipe 343, dan 44
planlet haploid ganda dari genotipe 337-13. Skrining ketahanan
blas di rumah kaca pada populasi haploid ganda
menghasilkan 46 tanaman tahan terhadap ras 001, 33 tanaman
tahan terhadap ras 033, dan 79 tanaman tahan terhadap
ras 173. Sebanyak 28 tanaman bersifat tahan, baik terhadap
ras 001, 033, maupun 173 seperti halnya O. rufipogon.
Galur-galur homosigot ini akan diuji di lapang untuk ketahanannya
terhadap penyakit blas dan karakter agronominya.
Pencarian Alel untuk Identifikasi Gen Ketahanan Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri, Xa7 pada Plasma Nutfah Padi Lokal Indonesia
Authors: Utami Dwinita W , Septiningsih Endang M , Kadir Triny S , Fatimah Fatimah W , Yuriyah Siti W
Published: February 2017

Allele Mining of Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene, Xa7 on
Indonesian Local Rice Germplasm. Dwinita W. Utami,
Endang M. Septiningsih, Trini S. Kadir, Fatimah, and Siti
Yuriyah. The abundance of novel genetic variation existing
in germplasm collections is the foundation for variety
improvement in plant breeding program. Nevertheless,
studies on Indonesian genetic diversity rice germplasm
using molecular markers are still poorly. Recent advances in
utilizing of simple sequence repeat (SSR) in QTL mapping
and whole rice genome sequences were positive support on
genetic diversity of rice germplasm research. Based on these
advance technology, we developed the research to discover
new alleles at important gene loci that can be used for rice
improvement. This approach is recognized as allele mining
technology. On this study the target genes for allele mining
research is the resistance gene for bacterial leaf blight
pathogen, Xa7. This point was introduced by identify the
genetic diversity of 96 accessions Indonesian local rice
germplasm. The Xa7 allele mining was done by SNP (single
nucleotide polymorphism) designing primers based on DNA
sequence around the gene target. The significant LD map
was detected by association mapping between phenotype
and SNP genotyping data of the selected germplasm which
having superior performance on BLB resistance and
representing on genetic diversity clustering. The results
shown that Xa7 allele variation were found in Parekaligolara
(Indica, 15141), and Gajah Mada (Indica, 5856), which
resistant to BLB races IV and VIII on generative stage and
field condition. The significant Xa7-SNP8 and Xa7-SNP11
markers were associating with the LD map position of Xa7
gene on 28, 05-28,1Mb of chromosome 6 in rice genome.
Peningkatan Toleransi Alumunium pada Jeruk Batang Bawah dengan Teknik Seleksi In Vitro Berulang
Authors: Kosmiatin Mia Toruan , Yunita Rosa , Husni Ali
Published: February 2017

Aluminum Tolerance Improvement of Rootstock Citrus
through Repeated In Vitro Selection. Mia Kosmiatin,
Rosa Yunita, and Ali Husni. National orange productivity
was trend to decrease because of pathogen attack and
reducing of planting area. One of alternative ways to
preserve and increase orange productivity was using
marginal soil mainly acid soil. This matter pushed the
breeder to prepare tolerant rootstock and stable in the acid
soil. In vitro culture technique was effective and efficient
methods to produce tolerant and stable rootstock in acid soil
through simulation of acid soil with addition of high
aluminum and low pH in the medium. By the simulation the
selection could be done in cell level, so cell was selected
after induction of variation. A rootstock which high
compatibility with scion, useful rooting, and aluminum
tolerance could be increased orange productivity through
acid soil development. The research was conducted in 3
phase: (1) induction of embryogenic calli, (2) improvement
of genetic variation through mutation, and (3) In vitro
selection with AlCl3.6H2O for aluminum and low pH tolerant.
Immature embryos of rootstock were use as explant. The
result showed that the best embryogenic calli were induced
on MS basal medium with MW vitamin + NAA 7,5 mg/l +
kinetin 0,5 mg/l. Before selection, 1.000 rad dosage was the
most tolerant dosage to growth embryogenic calli. After
selection, 2.000 rad dosage was the best dosage to produce
shoots which stable tolerant to aluminum. Selected 88
mutant shoots were produced after three times selection on
the same medium which AlCl3.6H2O added at low pH.
Analisis Regulasi dan Kebijakan Keamanan Hayati dan Peluang Keberhasilan Adopsi Benih Transgenik di Indonesia
Authors: Saragih Edwin S , Sitorus Santun RP , Harianto Harianto , Moeljopawiro Sugiono
Published: February 2017

Analysis of Regulation and Policy on Biosafety and
Likelihood of Transgenic Seeds Adoption in Indonesia.
Edwin S. Saragih, Santun R.P. Sitorus, Harianto, and
Sugiono Moeljopawiro. Since more than 10 years, a
number of works in field of modern biotechnology have
been programmed in public research institutes and
universities in Indonesia and few foreign companies have
put efforts in introducing transgenic varieties. This significant
development raises intriguing question as to why there has
not been any transgenic food crop seed planted by farmers
in the country. A status quo was observed in which
regulatory regime on biosafety has been in a situation of
prolonged transitional phase and necessary institutional
framework has not been firmly in place. There were
distinguished lines among stakeholders on benefit
awareness, risks perception and worry on multinational
companies’ control over seed supply. There is a fair
expectation that similar benefits experienced by adopting
countries could also help increase food production in
Indonesia. However, potential contribution of transgenic
seeds for the country is still largely unexplored. There are
numbers of potential transgenic seeds namely transgenic
rice, soybean, potato, tomato and corn, with the latter would
show slightly better likelihood of success once adoption
happens. Decision making instrument as determinant factor
in ensuring safe application and release of transgenic seeds
has not yet existed despite the fact that capacity for biosafety
assessment conduct is undoubtedly sufficient. It is important
to note that the new regulation on biosafety (PP No. 21/2005)
open opportunities for assessing transgenic product under a
transitional clause. Nonetheless, the new regulation has not
been able securing food safety statement of imported
transgenic products (especially corn and soybean) which
have been used for domestic consumption.
Efisiensi Mikropropagasi Pisang Kepok Amorang melalui Modifikasi Formula Media dan Temperatur
Authors: Supriati Yati
Published: February 2017

Micropropagation Efficiency of Banana cv Kepok
Amorang through Modifications of Culture Media and
Incubation Temperature. Yati Supriati. The budless
banana cv Kepok Amorang is potentially commercialized
due to its sweet taste and does not have flower bud, hence
reduced the potential of being infected by the blood disease
pathogen. Enhancement of banana industry needs continuous
supplies of large number banana seedlings. In vitro
culture enable the production of seedlings in a large scale,
uniform, quick. The research aims: (1) to formulate an
efficient medium for in vitro multiplication of cv Kepok
Amorang shoot, (2) to identify efficient growth environment
for in vitro culture of cv Kepok Amorang, and (3) to formulate
an efficient culture medium for roots inductions of cv
Kepok Amorang. The plant material used was in vitro culture
of Kepok cv Amorang, 2 cm in height without leaf and root.
The media formulation for shoot multiplication were full
strength, half strength, one fourth strength MS media,
supplemented with either 1, 3, or 5 ppm IBA. On optimization
step, the media tested were MS, Knop, Knop and
Heller, Hyponex N, Growmore N, and Rosasol N containing
of 1 ppm BA. The explants were incubated in culture room
with 8, 12, and 16 hours photoperiod with temperatures 30oC
(non air conditioned) and 25oC (air conditioned). The root
induction trial was done using MS, Knop, Knop and Heller,
Hyponex N, Growmore N, and Rosasol N media containing
of 1 ppm and 3 ppm IBA. The results showed that the best
medium formula for shoot multiplication was ¼ MS + 1 ppm
IBA. The best incubation condition was 16 hours photoperiods
at 30oC. The best media for root induction was
Hyponex 2 g/l + 1 ppm IBA. This culture method reduced
cost by Rp 261.7 per plantlet through efficiency of media
formulation and electricity use.
Efikasi Gen RB pada Tanaman Kentang Transgenik Katahdin SP904 dan SP951 terhadap Empat Isolat Phytophthora infestans dari Jawa Barat
Authors: Ambarwati Alberta Dinar , Sumaraw S M , Purwito Agus , Herman Muhammad , Suryaningsih E. , Aswidinnoor Hajrial
Published: February 2017

Efficacy of RB gene in transgenic potato Katahdin SP904
and SP951 to West Java isolates of Phytophthora
infestans. A. Dinar Ambarwati, S.M. Sumaraw, Agus
Purwito, M. Herman, E. Suryaningsih, and Hajrial
Aswidinnoor. Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora
infestans is one of the most devastating plant disease. Potato
yield losses due to this disease ranged from 47-100%. A
major late blight resistance gene, called RB, previously was
identified in the wild potato species Solanum
bulbocastanum. RB gene has been integrated into cultivated
potato Katahdin using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation,
and showed durable and broad spectrum resistance
either in laboratory assay or in confined field trial. Evaluation
of transgenic Katahdin SP904 and SP951 was conducted to
verify whether the RB gene with broad spectrum to all
known races of P. infestans in the United States and in
Toluca, Mexico was also effective against P. infestans
isolates in Indonesia. Efficacy of RB gene was evaluated for
foliar and tuber resistance to West Java isolates. Transgenic
Katahdin were more resistant in foliar than non transgenic
plants, at 14 days after inoculation. Diseases intensity of
transgenic Katahdin SP904 and SP951 were 19.8-43.8%,
whereas non transgenic Katahdin, Granola, and Atlantic
were 46.9-100%. In contrast to the foliar resistance
phenotype, RB-containing tubers in transgenic Katahdin did
not exhibit increased resistance to Lembang, Pangalengan
and Galunggung isolates. Tubers of transgenic Katahdin
SP904, SP951, and non transgenic Katahdin showed lesion
volume of 0.93, 0.91, and 0.91 cm3, respectively. RB gene in
transgenic Katahdin showed efficacy against late blight P.
infestans in foliar, but did not showed efficacy in tuber.
Transgenic Katahdin RB thus providing a potential source of
resistance for breeding programs.
Keragaman Genetik 50 Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Berdasarkan Sepuluh Penanda Mikrosatelit
Authors: Chaerani Chaerani , Hidayatun Nurul , Utami Dwinita Wikan
Published: February 2017

Genetic Diversity of 50 Soybean Accessions Based on Ten
Microsatellite Markers. Chaerani, Nurul Hidayatun, and
Dwinita W. Utami. Soybean accessions in germplasm
collection have increased in number as a result of
exploration, introduction as well as development or release
of new commercial varieties. This complicates accurate and
reliable evaluation of an accession for purposes of utilization
in breeding program and discrimination of a new
commercial variety for purposes of plant variety protection.
The aims of this study were to identify the genetic diversity
of soybean germplasm to complement the existing
phenotypic database as the basis for efficient management
and accurate discrimination of commercial varieties, and to
identify potential parents for hybridizations. Fifty soybean
accessions consisting of 12 released varieties, 32 local
varieties, and 6 introductions were analyzed using
microsatellite DNA markers based on semi-automatic sizing
system. A total of 86 alleles were detected with the number
of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 16. Rare alleles were
detected at a rate of 53% which was shown by 68% of the
genotypes. Informativeness of the microsatellite markers as
measured by the average gene diversity (D) or
polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.60 and 0.58,
respectively. A heterozygosity level of 0.09 as detected by
seven loci was observed among 64% of the genotypes. The
average genetic distance among the genotypes was 0.56,
which indicated the relatively low polymorphism among the
analyzed soybean germplasm. Four microsatellites that
showed a high D or PIC value (over 0.75) were able to
discriminate between accession reliably. Each soybean
accession had different DNA microsatellite fingerprint which
can be used for accurate discrimination to complement the
previous conventional characterizations. UPGMA clustering
separated the 50 accessions into 10 major clusters, which
showed no clear pattern of clustering according to varietal
group or geographical origin. Genetic similarity data
identified five clusters and 15 genotypes with highest intercluster
or inter-genotype genetic distances which are
potential candidates to be exploited as parents in
hybridizations for development of new commercial varieties.
Analisis Kekerabatan 50 Aksesi Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Asal Kamerun Berdasarkan Marka Mikrosatelit
Authors: Tasma I Made , Warsun Ahmad , Satyawan Dani , Syafaruddin Syafaruddin , Martono Budi
Published: February 2017

Genetic diversity of the
Indonesian oil palm collection remains low and collection
enrichness through exploration activities from the center of
origins is required. In 2009, 103 oil palm accessions from
Cameroon were collected at the National Oil Palm Genetic
Resources Collection located at the District of Sijunjung,
West Sumatera. The objectives of the present study were to
analayze the 50 Cameroon-originated oil palm accessions in
order to: (1) determine polymorphism levels of the SSR
markers used; (2) understand diversity levels of the oil palm
accessions tested; and (3) analyze accessions potentially
used for germ plasm collection. Fifty oil palm accessions
were used in this study. DNA was isolated from leaves of the
selected individual plants representing each of the
accessions. DNA was analyzed with 12 SSR markers. A
dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA through
Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System program
version 2.1-pc. Results showed that SSR markers used
demonstrated the average number of alleles per locus of 3.6
(2-6). The polymorphism level was 0.53 (0.21-0.73). The
phylogenetic analysis resulted nine clusters with genetic
diversity between two accessions ranged from 4-82%. Ten
accessions (20%) showed low genetic diversity (<10%) but
the accessions demonstrated high diversity in flowering
time. Eleven accessions showed medium diversity level (27-
42%). Five accessions demonstrated high genetic diversity
level (45-82%). A confirmation study using more SSR
markers is recommended. This study finding may be useful
in planning the oil palm germ plasm collection activities.
Analisis Keragaman Genetik 161 Aksesi Mangga Indonesia Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit
Authors: Tasliah Tasliah , Rijzaani Habib , Hariyadi Tri Z. P. , Yuriyah Siti , Rebin Rebin , Ma;sumah Ma'sumah , Silitonga Tiur S.
Published: February 2017

Mango is one of the five
important fruit crops in the world. Microsatellite markers can
be used to analyze genetic diversity among mango
accessions. The purpose of this research was to determine
the relationship among mango germplasm collection using
microsatellite markers. A total of 161 mango accessions
originated from Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute
(Cukurgondang Field Station), Pasuruan, East Java, were
used in this research. Twenty-six microsatellite markers
were used to genotype each accession. Genotyping was
conducted using Beckman Coulter® CEQ™ 8000 machine.
Genetic relationship among accecions was analyzed using
the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean
(UPGMA) method, followed by bootstrap analysis. The result
showed that high allele variation (15-75 alleles) was
observed among mango accesions tested, with an average
allele number of 38.69. The average of Polymophism
Information Content (PIC) value was 0.548 (0.021-0.949).
Fifteen microsatellite markers showed PIC value >0.5
indicated that these markers were suitable for mango
diversity studies. Cluster analysis divided the mango
collections into two groups. Group I consisted of 95
accessions, and group II consisted of 66 accessions. Ninety
Indonesian indigenous mangos (84.11% of Indonesian
mango accessions) could be separated from the introduced
accessions.
Pemuliaan Mutasi untuk Perbaikan terhadap Umur dan Produktivitas pada Kedelai
Authors: Asadi Asadi
Published: February 2017

To support the government policy in
improving soybean production, it is suggested to plant early
maturing (<80 days), drought tolerant and high yielding
varieties to be applied in the cropping system of rice-ricesoybean
and rice-rice-rice-soybean in lowland, and in
dryland cropping system of rice-soybean or rice-other
palawija crops. Mutation breeding in soybean for early
maturity and high productivity in soybean can be applied to
obtain some new varieties. The breeding procedures
included selection using bulk method for M1 population,
followed by the pedigree method for M2-M5 generations.
Evaluation of uniformity (homozygous) of lines is done on
the M4 generation. Yield and adaption testing are conducted
during M5-M8 generations. Through mutation breeding early
maturity soybean varieties were released elsewhere. In
national research institutes such as The National Nuclear
Energy Agency (Batan) Indonesia, soybean mutation breeding
activities were begun since 1972, while in Indonesian
Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic
Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), it
was started in 2009. Batan has released two early maturing
soybean varieties through seed irradiation such as Tengger
in 1991 and Meratus in 1998. While in 2011 ICABIOGRAD
through irradiation of calli-derived embryo zygotic has
selected 50 early maturing and potentially yielding soybean
mutant lines. While through seed irradiation in 2012, 15
soybean advanced lines that matured earlier and
demontrated higher yield were also obtained.
AN ASSESSMENT OF PREPARATION LEVEL, SURVIVAL SKILLS, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG RETIRED TEACHERS IN ZAMBIA
Authors: Mambwe Robinson , Mwape Chisha
Published: February 2017

This study investigated the preparation level, survival skills, and entrepreneurial knowledge among retired teachers in Zambia, as well as the success of their post-retirement business ventures. Descriptive survey design utilising both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed through use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Convenient and purposive sampling techniques were utilised in sampling. The conclusion shows that most retired teachers lack survival and entrepreneurial skills to manage their business ventures. Lack of pre-retirement entrepreneurial training, lack of pre-retirement counselling, and poor planning for retirement life were found to be the major hindrances to retired teachers’ success in managing their business ventures. The article points to the need for major reforms in teacher training and in pensions scheme policies in Zambia to accommodate issues of financial literacy and entrepreneurial skills among teachers as a way of preparing teachers and other civil servants for life after formal employment.
FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHER QUALITY PRACTICES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN AWKA EDUCATIONAL ZONE, ANAMBRA STATE
Authors: Obidike Ngozi
Published: February 2017

This study examines the factors affecting teacher quality practices in public primary schools in Awka Educational Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study aims to ascertain the factors that constitute, effect, as well as improve teachers’ quality practices. Three research questions were developed for the study. The study sample consisted of 120 primary school teachers in Awka Education Zone. Based on the data collected via a questionnaire, the analysis resulted in the following findings that teacher quality practices include: delivering high quality student-centered instruction, promoting high levels of student engagement, clear assessment strategies for students learning, using positive behavior management strategies, and evidence of student learning. The study also revealed factors that mitigate against teacher quality practices are unconducive environment for teaching and learning, insufficient classrooms for students, delay in paying teacher salaries, inadequate facilities to help achieve instructional objectives, poor teacher preparation and qualifications. Suggestions were made by respondents and additional recommendations were suggested by the researchers to ensure and improve teachers’ quality practices.
Rough Bluegrass Incidence in a New Tall Fescue Sward as Affected by Seeding Rate and Mowing Height
Authors: Thompson Cole , Fry Jack , Braun Ross , Kennelly Megan
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas

Cultural strategies are needed for rough bluegrass control in cool‐season lawns.

Higher mowing reduces rough bluegrass incidence in new tall fescue swards.

Altering seeding rate between 174 to 522 lb/ac does not affect rough bluegrass incidence in new tall fescue swards.
Iron Bioavailability in Field Pea Seeds: Correlations with Iron, Phytate, and Carotenoids
Authors: Bangar Parminderjit , Glahn Raymond P. , Liu Yong , Arganosa Gene C. , Whiting Susan , Warkentin Thomas D.
Published: February 2017

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a nutritious pulse crop consumed as food and animal feed in many countries. The present study was performed to determine the potential effects of Fe, phytate, and carotenoid concentrations on Fe bioavailability (FeBIO) of field pea seeds. Selected PR‐07 (recombinant inbred line [RIL] population derived from the cross ‘Carrera’/‘CDC Striker’) lines, which segregated for Fe concentration and cotyledon color, showed positive correlation between their Fe concentration and FeBIO. In a second study, lines 4802‐8 (derived from the cross 1‐2347‐144/‘CDC Raezer’) and 4803‐4 (derived from the cross 1‐150‐81/‘CDC Limerick’), segregating for phytate concentration and cotyledon color were evaluated for FeBIO. Phytate concentration was negatively correlated with FeBIO in 4802‐8 (r = −0.34) and 4803‐4 (r = −0.37) sublines. Four carotenoid compounds (lutein, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β‐carotene) were measured in seeds of 4802‐8 and 4803‐4 sublines and summed to determine total carotenoid concentration. Green cotyledon and yellow cotyledon pea sublines did not differ significantly in total carotenoid concentration; β‐carotene was detected in green cotyledon sublines but not in yellow cotyledon sublines. Although no significant correlation was detected between total carotenoid concentration and FeBIO, in 4802‐8 sublines lutein concentration was positively correlated (r = 0.41) with FeBIO. This research shows the potential positive associations between low phytate, high Fe, and high carotenoid concentration with improved FeBIO in pea seeds to improve Fe nutrition of foods.