bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The lesion core extent modulates the impact of early perfusion mismatch imaging on outcome variability after thrombectomy in stroke
Authors: Marburg Maria , Rudolf Linda F. , Matthis Christine , Neumann Alexander , Schareck Constantin , Schacht Hannes , Schulz Robert , Machner Björn , Schramm Peter , Royl Georg , Koch Philipp J.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Despite profitable group effects on functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in large vessel occlusion (LVO), many patients with successful reperfusion show a non-favorable long-term outcome, highlighting the necessity to identify potential biomarkers predicting outcome variability. In this regard, the role of perfusion mismatch imaging for outcome variability in the early time window within 6 h after symptom onset is a matter of debate. We attempted to investigate under which conditions early perfusion mismatch imaging accounts for variability in functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy.

Patients and methods

In a retrospective single-center study, we examined 190 consecutive patients with LVO who were admitted to the Medical Center Lübeck within 6 h after symptom onset, all of whom underwent MT. Perfusion mismatch was quantified by applying the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) on CT-measured cerebral blood flow (CBF-ASPECTS) and subtracting it from an ASPECTS application on cerebral blood volume (CBV-ASPECTS), i.e., ASPECTS mismatch. Using multivariate ordinal regression models, associations between ASPECTS mismatch and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 90 days were assessed. Furthermore, the interaction between ASPECTS mismatch and the core lesion volume was calculated to evaluate conditional associations.

Results

ASPECTS mismatch did not correlate with functional outcomes when corrected for multiple influencing covariables. However, interactions between ASPECTS mismatch and CBV-ASPECTS [OR: 1.12 (1.06–1.18), p-value < 0.001], as well as NCCT-ASPECTS [OR: 1.15 (1.06–1.25), p-value < 0.001], did show a significant association with functional outcomes. Model comparisons revealed that, profoundly, in patients with large core lesion volumes (CBV-ASPECTS < 6 or NCCT-ASPECTS < 6), perfusion mismatch showed a negative correlation with the mRS.

Discussion and conclusion

Perfusion mismatch imaging within the first 6 h of symptom onset provides valuable insights into the outcome variability of LVO stroke patients receiving thrombectomy but only in patients with large ischemic core lesions.
Discussion on protein recommendations for supporting muscle and bone health in older adults: a mini review
Authors: Groenendijk Inge , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , Tetens Inge , Grootswagers Pol
Published: May 2024

Muscle and bone tissues are interconnected, and both rely on an adequate protein intake. Recommendations for protein intake for older adults specifically vary across countries. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the existing evidence for protein recommendations for supporting muscle and bone health in older adults and to evaluate if a protein intake above the current population reference intake (PRI) for older adults would be scientifically justified. First, this review summarizes the protein recommendations from bodies setting dietary reference values, expert groups, and national health organizations. Next, relevant studies investigating the impact of protein on muscle and bone health in older adults are discussed. In addition, the importance of protein quality for muscle and bone health is addressed. Lastly, a number of research gaps are identified to further explore the added value of a protein intake above the PRI for older adults.
The prognostic value of selective neck dissection in early-stage major salivary gland carcinoma: a population-based analysis
Authors: An Meiyu , Zuo Jiaxin , Yuan Fang , Xiong Ping
Published: May 2024

Objective

This population-based study aims to assess the survival benefits of selective neck dissection (SND) compared to neck observation in patients with T1/T2N0M0 major salivary gland malignancy (MSGC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of T1/T2N0M0 MSGC patients who underwent primary tumor surgical extirpation with or without elective neck dissection in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) from 2004-2015. The impact of SND and clinical variables on overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) was evaluated using Univariate and Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated, and survival rates were assessed via the log-rank test.

Results

Of 3778 post-operative T1-T2N0M0 MSGC patients, 2305 underwent elective neck dissection, while 1473 did not. Median follow-up was 106 months. Univariate and Multivariate analysis identified SND as a prognostic factor for OS in all the study population. After stratified analysis, we found that in the poorly high-grade (differentiated and undifferentiated) patients, the survival showed a significant OS and DSS benefit after receiving SND compared with the neck observations [HR for OS (95%CI): 0.571(0.446-0.731), P<0.001] and [HR for DSS (95%CI): 0.564(0.385-0.826), P=0.003], other than in the well differentiated or moderately differentiated subgroup. Especially, when the pathological is squamous cell carcinoma, the results show that the people underwent SND had better prognosis, not only in OS [HR (95%CI): 0.532(0.322-0.876), P=0.013], but also in DSS [HR (95%CI): 0.330(0.136-0.797), P=0.014]. The multivariate analysis also yielded encouraging results, compared with neck observation, receiving SND bought about a significant independent OS (adjusted HR, 0.555; 95% CI, 0.328-0.941; P=0.029) and DSS (adjusted HR, 0.349; 95% CI, 0.142-0.858; P=0.022) advantage in high grade squamous cell carcinoma MSGC patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves also demonstrated that adjusted SND still had significantly better OS(P=0.029) and DSS(P=0.022) than the observation group in patients with high-grade squamous cell carcinoma of MSGC.

Conclusion

Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated T1/T2N0M0 major salivary gland malignancy treated with selective neck dissection demonstrated superior survival compared to neck observation, especially in the pathological subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. These findings suggest the potential benefits of multimodal therapy for appropriately selected patients, emphasizing significant clinical implications.
A comprehensive review of current knowledge on penile squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Thumma Nishanth , Pitla Neharaj , Gorantla Vasavi , du Plessis Maira
Published: May 2024

Neoplasm of the penis is relatively rare in most regions representing 0-2% of cancers worldwide. While the penis can be affected by sarcomas, basal cell carcinomas or even melanoma, Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PSCC) represents approximately 95% of all penile neoplasms. Despite its rarity and most common presentation at later decades of life most individuals diagnosed with PSCC are faced with significant decrease in quality of life. The prevalence and incidence vary among different regions and populations, but a common trend is for diagnosis to occur late (stage 4). Underdeveloped countries are traditionally reported to have higher incidence rates; however, rates may vary significantly between urban and rural areas even in developed countries. Age adjusted rates are on the rise in some countries that used to have incidence rates of 1:100 000 or less. The list of associated risk factors is long and includes among others, lack of neonatal circumcision, poor genital hygiene, socioeconomic status, history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN). Many risk factors are widely debated among experts however HPV and PeIN are indisputable risk factors, and both also form part of the classification system for PSCC. Both conditions may have occurred in the past or be present at the time of diagnosis and identifying them plays a major role in management strategies. For such a rare condition PSCC can present in many different forms clinically making diagnosis no easy feat. Diagnosis of PSCC is done through clinical examination, including lymph node palpation, followed by a biopsy, which is essential for the classification. Lymph node involvement is a common finding at first presentation and investigation of spread to deep nodes is important and can be done with the aid of PET-CT. Treatment options for PSCC include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Surgical removal of the tumor is considered the most effective however can lead to severe decrease of quality of life. Chemotherapy is used in the case of fixed or bulky lymph nodes, where surgery is not indicated, and for distant metastasis. Radiation therapy is particularly effective in the case of HPV-positive PSCC.
Systematic review of drug-drug interactions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and Cannabis
Authors: Nachnani Rahul , Knehans Amy , Neighbors Jeffrey D. , Kocis Paul T. , Lee Tzuo , Tegeler Kayla , Trite Thomas , Raup-Konsavage Wesley M. , Vrana Kent E.
Published: May 2024

Background

The recent exponential increase in legalized medical and recreational cannabis, development of medical cannabis programs, and production of unregulated over-the-counter products (e.g., cannabidiol (CBD) oil, and delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC)), has the potential to create unintended health consequences. The major cannabinoids (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) are metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that metabolize most prescription medications and xenobiotics (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19). As a result, we predict that there will be instances of drug-drug interactions and the potential for adverse outcomes, especially for prescription medications with a narrow therapeutic index.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of all years to 2023 to identify real world reports of documented cannabinoid interactions with prescription medications. We limited our search to a set list of medications with predicted narrow therapeutic indices that may produce unintended adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Our team screened 4,600 reports and selected 151 full-text articles to assess for inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Our investigation revealed 31 reports for which cannabinoids altered pharmacokinetics and/or produced adverse events. These reports involved 16 different Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI) medications, under six drug classes, 889 individual subjects and 603 cannabis/cannabinoid users. Interactions between cannabis/cannabinoids and warfarin, valproate, tacrolimus, and sirolimus were the most widely reported and may pose the greatest risk to patients. Common ADRs included bleeding risk, altered mental status, difficulty inducing anesthesia, and gastrointestinal distress. Additionally, we identified 18 instances (58%) in which clinicians uncovered an unexpected serum level of the prescribed drug. The quality of pharmacokinetic evidence for each report was assessed using an internally developed ten-point scale.

Conclusion

Drug-drug interactions with cannabinoids are likely amongst prescription medications that use common CYP450 systems. Our findings highlight the need for healthcare providers and patients/care-givers to openly communicate about cannabis/cannabinoid use to prevent unintended adverse events. To that end, we have developed a free online tool (www.CANN-DIR.psu.edu) to help identify potential cannabinoid drug-drug interactions with prescription medications.
Pre-clinical evaluation of clinically relevant iPS cell derived neuroepithelial stem cells as an off-the-shelf cell therapy for spinal cord injury
Authors: Winn Dania , Uhlin Elias , Kele Malin , Eidhof Ilse , Falk Anna
Published: May 2024

Preclinical transplantations using human neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells in spinal cord injury models have exhibited promising results and demonstrated cell integration and functional improvement in transplanted animals. Previous studies have relied on the generation of research grade cell lines in continuous culture. Using fresh cells presents logistic hurdles for clinical transition regarding time and resources for maintaining high quality standards. In this study, we generated a good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliant human iPS cell line in GMP clean rooms alongside a research grade iPS cell line which was produced using standardized protocols with GMP compliant chemicals. These two iPS cell lines were differentiated into human NES cells, from which six batches of cell therapy doses were produced. The doses were cryopreserved, thawed on demand and grafted in a rat spinal cord injury model. Our findings demonstrate that NES cells can be directly grafted post-thaw with high cell viability, maintaining their cell identity and differentiation capacity. This opens the possibility of manufacturing off-the-shelf cell therapy products. Moreover, our manufacturing process yields stable cell doses with minimal batch-to-batch variability, characterized by consistent expression of identity markers as well as similar viability of cells across the two iPS cell lines. These cryopreserved cell doses exhibit sustained viability, functionality, and quality for at least 2 years. Our results provide proof of concept that cryopreserved NES cells present a viable alternative to transplanting freshly cultured cells in future cell therapies and exemplify a platform from which cell formulation can be optimized and facilitate the transition to clinical trials.
Visual sensitivity at the service of action control in posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Fattori Patrizia , De Vitis Marina , Filippini Matteo , Vaccari Francesco Edoardo , Diomedi Stefano , Gamberini Michela , Galletti Claudio
Published: May 2024

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) serves as a crucial hub for the integration of sensory with motor cues related to voluntary actions. Visual input is used in different ways along the dorsomedial and the dorsolateral visual pathways. Here we focus on the dorsomedial pathway and recognize a visual representation at the service of action control. Employing different experimental paradigms applied to behaving monkeys while single neural activity is recorded from the medial PPC (area V6A), we show how plastic visual representation can be, matching the different contexts in which the same object is proposed. We also present data on the exchange between vision and arm actions and highlight how this rich interplay can be used to weight different sensory inputs in order to monitor and correct arm actions online. Indeed, neural activity during reaching or reach-to-grasp actions can be excited or inhibited by visual information, suggesting that the visual perception of action, rather than object recognition, is the most effective factor for area V6A. Also, three-dimensional object shape is encoded dynamically by the neural population, according to the behavioral context of the monkey. Along this line, mirror neuron discharges in V6A indicate the plasticity of visual representation of the graspable objects, that changes according to the context and peaks when the object is the target of one’s own action. In other words, object encoding in V6A is a visual encoding for action.
Evaluation of a push-and-pull strategy using volatiles of host and non-host plants for the management of pear psyllids in organic farming
Authors: Czarnobai De Jorge Bruna , Koßmann Alicia , Hummel Hans E. , Gross Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Pear decline (PD) is one of the most devastating diseases of Pyrus communis in Europe and North America. It is caused by the pathogen ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ and transmitted by pear psyllids (Cacopsylla pyri, C. pyricola, and C. pyrisuga). Identifying attractant and repellent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could improve the development of alternative plant protection measurements like push-pull or attract-and-kill strategies against pear psyllids. Our objective was to investigate which chemical cues of the host plant could influence the host-seeking behavior of pear psyllids, and if cedarwood (CWO) and cinnamon bark (CBO) essential oils could serve as repellents.

Results and discussion

Based on the literature, the five most abundant VOCs from pear plants elicited EAG responses in both C. pyri and C. pyrisuga psyllid species. In Y-olfactometer trials, single compounds were not attractive to C. pyri. However, the main compound mixture was attractive to C. pyri and C. pyrisuga females. CWO and CBO were repellent against C. pyri, and when formulated into nanofibers (NF), both were repellent in olfactometer trials. However, CBO nanoformulation was ineffective in masking the odors of pear plants. In a field trial, attractive, repellent CWO and blank formulated NF were inserted in attractive green sticky traps. C. pyri captures in traps with CWO NF were statistically lower than in traps with the attractive mixture. Nevertheless, no statistical differences in the numbers of caught specimens were observed between CWO NF and those captured in green traps baited with blank NF. Transparent traps captured fewer psyllids than green ones. In a second field study with a completed different design (push-and-count design), dispensers filled with CBO were distributed within the plantation, and attractive green sticky traps were placed around the plantation. The numbers of trapped pear psyllids increased significantly in the border of the treated plantation, showing that psyllids were repelled by the EOs in the plantation. Although further field evaluation is needed to assess and improve their effectiveness, our results show that these aromatic compounds, repellent or attractive both in nanoformulations and marking pen dispensers, offer great potential as an environmentally sustainable alternative to currently applied methods for managing pear decline vectors.
The effect of spiritual support on life satisfaction in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Hamidi Sajad , Seyedfatemi Naeimeh , Abbasi Zahra , Ebrahimpour Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

Background

The diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer not only impose significant physical challenges but also deeply affect patients emotionally and psychologically, significantly influencing their overall quality of life. Among the various factors that can positively impact life satisfaction in individuals facing gastrointestinal cancer, spirituality emerges as a crucial aspect. This study aimed to determine the effect of a spiritual intervention on life satisfaction in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with two groups of 85 gastrointestinal cancer patients from two major hospitals in Tehran. The intervention group received spiritual support through social media for six sessions over three weeks to learn how to effectively improve their spiritual state. The control group received routine medical visits and care. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used before and after the spiritual support in both the intervention and control groups. The research was approved by the institutional ethics committee.

Results

In the pre-test stage, there was no significant difference in average life satisfaction between the intervention and control groups (t = 1.887, d = 0.30, p > 0.05). However, positive changes occurred in the post-test stage. Notably, the disparity in average life satisfaction between the intervention and control groups was significant in the post-test stage (t = 13.118, d = 0.95, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the result showed that the changes in life satisfaction in the intervention group were statistically significant (t = 11.854, d = 0.84, p < 0.001). Changes in life satisfaction in the control group were not statistically significant in the pre-test stage compared to the post-test stage (t = 1.113, d = 0.10, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results can guide health care providers in dealing with the problems of cancer patients. Assessing patients’ spiritual needs and empowering them to promote their spiritual recovery and find meaning in their suffering can lead to improved quality of life and satisfaction with holistic care.
Socioeconomic factors, sleep timing and duration, and amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in children
Authors: Hansen Melissa , Simon Katrina R. , He Xiaofu , Steele Nick , Thomas Michael L. , Noble Kimberly G. , Merz Emily C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Reduced sleep health has been consistently linked with increased negative emotion in children. While sleep characteristics have been associated with neural function in adults and adolescents, much less is known about these associations in children while considering socioeconomic context. In this study, we examined the associations among socioeconomic factors, sleep duration and timing, and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala in children.

Methods

Participants were typically-developing 5- to 9-year-olds from socioeconomically diverse families (61% female; N = 94). Parents reported on children’s weekday and weekend bedtimes and wake-up times, which were used to compute sleep duration and midpoint. Analyses focused on amygdala-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) connectivity followed by amygdala-whole brain connectivity.

Results

Lower family income-to-needs ratio and parental education were significantly associated with later weekday and weekend sleep timing and shorter weekday sleep duration. Shorter weekday sleep duration was associated with decreased amygdala-ACC and amygdala-insula connectivity. Later weekend sleep midpoint was associated with decreased amygdala-paracingulate cortex and amygdala-postcentral gyrus connectivity. Socioeconomic factors were indirectly associated with connectivity in these circuits via sleep duration and timing.

Discussion

These results suggest that socioeconomic disadvantage may interfere with both sleep duration and timing, in turn possibly altering amygdala connectivity in emotion processing and regulation circuits in children. Effective strategies supporting family economic conditions may have benefits for sleep health and brain development in children.
Body mass index, smoking behavior, and depression mediated the effects of schizophrenia on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: trans-ethnic Mendelian-randomization analysis
Authors: Ni Yao , Zhang DaWei , Tang Wenlong , Xiang Liming , Cheng Xiaoding , Zhang Youqian , Feng Yanyan
Published: May 2024

Background

Previous studies have highlighted the association between schizophrenia (SCZ) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet the causal relationship remains unestablished.

Methods

Under the genome-wide significance threshold (P<5×10–8), data from individuals of European (EUR) and East Asian (EAS) ancestries with SCZ were selected for analysis. Univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) explored the causal relationship between SCZ and COPD. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression was used to calculate genetic correlation, while multivariable and mediation MR further investigated the roles of six confounding factors and their mediating effects. The primary method utilized was inverse-variance weighted (IVW), complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses and false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

Results

LDSC analysis revealed a significant genetic correlation between SCZ and COPD within EUR ancestry (rg = 0.141, P = 6.16×10–7), with no such correlation found in EAS ancestry. IVW indicated a significant causal relationship between SCZ and COPD in EUR ancestry (OR = 1.042, 95% CI 1.013–1.071, P = 0.003, PFDR= 0.015). Additionally, replication datasets provide evidence of consistent causal associations(P < 0.05 & PFDR < 0.05). Multivariable and mediation MR analyses identified body mass index (BMI)(Mediation effect: 50.57%, P = 0.02), age of smoking initiation (Mediation effect: 27.42%, P = 0.02), and major depressive disorder (MDD) (Mediation effect: 60.45%, P = 6.98×10–5) as partial mediators of this causal relationship. No causal associations were observed in EAS (OR = 0.971, 95% CI 0.875–1.073, P = 0.571, PFDR= 0.761) ancestry. No causal associations were found in the reverse analysis across the four ancestries (P > 0.05 & PFDR > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study confirmed a causal relationship between SCZ and the risk of COPD in EUR ancestry, with BMI, smoking, and MDD serving as key mediators. Future research on a larger scale is necessary to validate the generalizability of these findings across other ancestries.
Childhood exposure to domestic violence: can global estimates on the scale of exposure be obtained using existing measures?
Authors: Harris Rebecca Jane , Channon Andrew Amos , Morgan Sara Afshar
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) can lead to major short- and long-term effects on the victim. Despite this, there is no accepted measure for children’s experiences, with most existing measures being validated only in high income countries and not in low- and middle- income countries. As a result, international statistics are not comparable. This paper seeks to critically appraise existing measures and discuss whether any are fit-for-purpose on a global scale.

Method

The COSMIN PROMs approach was followed to critically appraise and compare the appropriateness of measures. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in seven journal databases for measures mentioned in formally peer-reviewed articles exploring childhood exposure to DVA.

Results

A literature search resulted in the identification of 10 measures and, following criteria to only keep original measures and remove modifications, four measures which have been validated cross-culturally are discussed in detail in line with the COSMIN PROMs criterion: The Child Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale, Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire and The Violence Exposure Scale for Children. Strengths and limitations of each are discussed, along with any validations undertaken not in the country of origin.

Conclusion

Despite childhood exposure to DVA being an urgent research priority worldwide, the current measures to explore the extent of the issue are not validated cross-culturally, leading to concerns about comparisons across different population groups. The development and implementation of interventions to reduce the levels and effects of exposure relies heavily on cross-cultural comparisons, which may indicate different strategies are needed in different contexts. The lack of these validated comparisons is constraining advances, and the paper advocates for further efforts to be made in this regard.
Reducing firearm access for youth at risk for suicide in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Chaudhary Sofia , Doh Kiesha Fraser , Morris Emilie , Chivily Caroline , Washington Donnetta S. , Gillespie Scott E. , Jergel Andrew , Lazarus Sarah , Costa Angela , Call Nathan , Rupp Jonathan , Simon Harold K.
Published: May 2024

Background

Firearm-related suicide is the second leading cause of pediatric firearm death. Lethal means counseling (LMC) can improve firearm safe-storage practices for families with youth at risk of suicide.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of pediatric emergency department (ED) behavioral mental health (BMH) specialists providing LMC to caregivers of youth presenting with BMH complaints and to test for changes in firearm safety practices, pre-post ED LMC intervention, as measures of preliminary efficacy.

Methods

Prospective pilot feasibility study of caregivers of youth presenting to a pediatric ED with BMH complaints. Caregivers completed an electronic survey regarding demographics and firearm safe-storage knowledge/practices followed by BMH specialist LMC. Firearm owners were offered a free lockbox and/or trigger lock. One-week follow-up surveys gathered self-reported data on firearm safety practices and intervention acceptability. One-month interviews with randomly sampled firearm owners collected additional firearm safety data. Primary outcomes were feasibility measures, including participant accrual/attrition and LMC intervention acceptability. Secondary outcomes included self-reported firearm safety practice changes. Feasibility benchmarks were manually tabulated, and Likert-scale acceptability responses were dichotomized to strongly agree/agree vs. neutral/disagree/strongly disagree. Descriptive statistics were used for univariate and paired data responses.

Results

In total, 81 caregivers were approached; of which, 50 (81%) caregivers enrolled. A total of 44% reported having a firearm at home, 80% completed follow-up at one week. More than 80% affirmed that ED firearm safety education was useful and that the ED is an appropriate place for firearm safety discussions. In total, 58% of participants reported not having prior firearm safety education/counseling. Among firearm owners (n = 22), 18% reported rarely/never previously using a safe-storage device, and 59% of firearm owners requested safe storage devices.

At 1-week follow-up (n = 40), a greater proportion of caregivers self-reported asking about firearms before their child visited other homes (+28%). Among firearm owners that completed follow-up (n = 19), 100% reported storing all firearms locked at one week (+23% post-intervention). In total, 10 caregivers reported temporarily/permanently removing firearms from the home.

Conclusion

It is feasible to provide LMC in the pediatric ED via BMH specialists to families of high-risk youth. Caregivers were receptive to LMC and reported finding this intervention useful, acceptable, and appropriate. Additionally, LMC and device distribution led to reported changes in safe storage practices.
Bullying victimization and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Farrell Ann H. , Brittain Heather , Krygsman Amanda , Vaillancourt Tracy
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Bullying victimization is associated with numerous mental health difficulties yet studies from early in the COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant decreases in bullying victimization but significant increases in mental health difficulties for many children and adolescents. It is unclear whether the decrease in bullying victimization early in the pandemic translated to weaker associations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties.

Methods

Using a population-based design, we examined whether the correlations between bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly weaker in magnitude during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic in a sample of 6,578 Canadian students in grades 4–12. Students were randomly assigned to report on their bullying and mental health experiences either during the school year before the pandemic or the school year during the pandemic. Only students who reported experiences of victimization were included in the present study as questions on mental health were specifically on difficulties experienced due to victimization.

Results

As expected, overall bullying victimization and mental health difficulties were significantly correlated before and during the pandemic, but correlations were significantly weaker in magnitude during the pandemic for girls and secondary students. Significant decreases in correlation magnitude were also found predominately for general, verbal, and social forms of bullying victimization, but not for physical and cyber victimization. Among students who reported victimization, we also found significantly lower means for mental health difficulties and most forms of bullying victimization during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic.

Discussion

Findings indicate a strong coupling of bullying victimization and mental health difficulties, particularly before the pandemic, and the need to reduce these associations to improve the well-being of children and adolescents.
Identifying spatial movements and residency of pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus) using satellite and passive acoustic telemetry to inform local conservation in central Indonesia
Authors: Shidqi Rafid A. , Erdmann Mark V. , Setyawan Edy , Lezama-Ochoa Nerea , Sari Dewi R. , Sianipar Abraham B. , Stewart Joshua D. , Croll Donald A.
Published: May 2024

The pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) is globally endangered, threatened by bycatch, and targeted in industrial and artisanal fisheries in Indonesia. However, a lack of information about their ecology, particularly movement and habitat use, hinders the development of science-based conservation measures to protect the species. Here, we report our research, which is the first to use a combination of satellite and passive acoustic telemetry to investigate the movement and residency of the pelagic thresher shark within Indonesia's waters, especially in areas impacted by local fisheries. A total of 24 sharks were tagged with archival satellite tags (n = 9), internal acoustic tags (n = 10), and both tags (n = 5) in Selat Pantar Marine Protected Area (MPA). The tagged sharks, dominated by females (71%) ranged in size from 125–180 cm FL (mean ± SD: 161 ± 13). Seven of the fifteen acoustically tagged sharks were detected by the receivers, while twelve of the fourteen satellite tags reported data. The satellite tags stayed attached for 81–181 days, and the acoustic tag detection periods ranged from 44–175 days. Horizontally, we found the satellite-tagged sharks moved broadly, mainly offshore, approximately 90 km from tagging locations. They moved to areas between Banda, Flores, and Savu Sea regions, where unregulated and unreported longline and gillnet fisheries are known to operate. Meanwhile, the acoustically tagged sharks showed distinct diel patterns around the Selat Pantar MPA's coastal waters, indicating potential philopatric behavior. Vertically, the sharks spent significantly (p < 0.001) more time in deeper water during the day and moved to shallower water at night. The deepest dive recorded was 1,889.5 m, which is the deepest ever recorded from the species. Our results suggest that area-based protection can be an effective nearshore conservation tool as individuals appear to remain in relatively restricted areas within Selat Pantar MPA for extended periods. However, fisheries regulation aimed at restricting illegal longline and gillnet fishing is also necessary to protect sharks when they move offshore. Our findings have been communicated to the relevant governments, resulting in increased political will and new legislation to protect them within the Selat Pantar MPA and connected waters of East Nusa Tenggara.
Analysis of Parameter Matching on the Steady-State Characteristics of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors under Vector Control
Authors: Lan Yu-Hua , Wan Wen-Jie , Wang Jin
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the impact of parameter matching on the steady-state performance of permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMaSynRM) under vector control is analyzed and discussed. First, based on the mathematical model of motors under the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy, an analysis is conducted concerning two main parameters, i.e., the matching relationship between the back electromotive force (back-EMF) and the saliency ratio. The impact of these two parameters on the operational status of the motor is investigated. Then, the motor’s voltage operating conditions are examined, and the operating curve under minimum voltage is derived. Furthermore, in the overvoltage region under the MTPA control strategy, the operation of the motor under the maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) control strategy is explored. This analysis illuminated the patterns of influence exerted by the back-EMF and the saliency ratio on the motor’s voltage operating condition. Between these two control strategies, there remains scope for the motor to operate at its limits. An enhanced understanding of the effects of the back-EMF and saliency ratio within this range on motor performance was achieved, resulting in the optimal matching curve for the back-EMF and saliency ratio. Finally, a 45 kW PMaSynRM was designed, prototyped, and tested to validate the correctness of the design techniques, with the motor achieving IE5 efficiency.
The Nexus between Green Transformational Leadership, Employee Behavior, and Organizational Support in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Elshaer Ibrahim A. , Azazz Alaa M. S. , Semlali Yahdih , Mansour Mahmoud A. , Elziny Mohammed N. , Fayyad Sameh
Published: May 2024

This research paper explores the relationship between green transformational leadership (GTL), employee green behavior (EGB), and the mediating role of green organizational support (GOS) in fostering environmentally friendly practices within organizations. Drawing upon Resource-Based View Theory (RBV) and social exchange theory, the study investigates how leaders’ behaviors and organizational support influence employees’ engagement in pro-environmental initiatives. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected from a sample of 350 hotel employees through self-administered surveys. CB-SEM was employed to analyze the hypothesized relationships among the variables. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between GTL and EGB, suggesting that leaders who demonstrate environmentally conscious behaviors and inspire their followers to embrace sustainability principles are more likely to foster green practices among employees. Furthermore, the study reveals that GOS mediates the relationship between GTL and EGB, highlighting the importance of organizational policies, resources, and initiatives in facilitating environmentally responsible actions. These results contribute to the existing literature by shedding light on the mechanisms through which leadership and organizational support can promote sustainability initiatives in the hotel industry. Practical implications for hotels include the importance of fostering a culture of environmental consciousness, providing training and resources to support green initiatives, and empowering leaders to exemplify and promote green behaviors among employees.
A Comprehensive Roadmap for Connecting Industry 4.0 Technologies to the Basic Model of Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR)
Authors: Da Silva Gustavo Adoolffo Francisco Ramos , Baierle Ismael Cristofer , Gomes Leonardo de Carvalho , Correa Ricardo Gonçalves de Faria , Peres Fernanda Araújo Pimentel
Published: May 2024

The search for competitiveness has led organizations to recognize the importance of implementing collaborative methods. In this context, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) seek to relate customer demands to replenishment needs throughout the supply chain. The literature points to implementation difficulties, such as trust between partners and commitment, and to overcome these difficulties, the digital technologies of Industry 4.0 are emerging as an essential support. This paper aims to research the applicability and contribution of Industry 4.0 digital technologies to the CPFR, considering each stage of the CPFR. A systematic literature review identified an unexplored gap: the use and contribution of Industry 4.0 digital technologies to the functioning of the CPFR. Considering the sequence of the CPFR stages and their dependence on each other, a roadmap can be developed for using Industry 4.0 digital technologies in each stage of the CPFR. It was, therefore, possible to create a roadmap indicating, based on current literature, which Industry 4.0 digital technologies can enhance SCM at each stage of the CPFR. This roadmap has two significant contributions: (i) to guide companies in prioritizing the implementation of these technologies in support of supply chain objectives and (ii) to serve as a basis for further empirical studies, highlighting the development of this roadmap through its application in real situations.
Research and Preliminary Evaluation of Key Technologies for 3D Reconstruction of Pig Bodies Based on 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Lei Kaidong , Tang Xiangfang , Li Xiaoli , Lu Qinggen , Long Teng , Zhang Xinghang , Xiong Benhai
Published: May 2024

In precision livestock farming, the non-contact perception of live pig body measurement data is a critical technological branch that can significantly enhance breeding efficiency, improve animal welfare, and effectively prevent and control diseases. Monitoring pig body measurements allows for accurate assessment of their growth and production performance. Currently, traditional sensing methods rely heavily on manual measurements, which not only have large errors and high workloads but also may cause stress responses in pigs, increasing the risk of African swine fever, and its costs of prevention and control. Therefore, we integrated and developed a system based on a 3D reconstruction model that includes the following contributions: 1. We developed a non-contact system for perceiving pig body measurements using a depth camera. This system, tailored to the specific needs of laboratory and on-site pig farming processes, can accurately acquire pig body data while avoiding stress and considering animal welfare. 2. Data preprocessing was performed using Gaussian filtering, mean filtering, and median filtering, followed by effective estimation of normals using methods such as least squares, principal component analysis (PCA), and random sample consensus (RANSAC). These steps enhance the quality and efficiency of point cloud processing, ensuring the reliability of 3D reconstruction tasks. 3. Experimental evidence showed that the use of the RANSAC method can significantly speed up 3D reconstruction, effectively reconstructing smooth surfaces of pigs. 4. For the acquisition of smooth surfaces in 3D reconstruction, experimental evidence demonstrated that the RANSAC method significantly improves the speed of reconstruction. 5. Experimental results indicated that the relative errors for chest girth and hip width were 3.55% and 2.83%, respectively. Faced with complex pigsty application scenarios, the technology we provided can effectively perceive pig body measurement data, meeting the needs of modern production.
Does Addressing Rural Energy Poverty Contribute to Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Development?
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Sun Xiaolong , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Xuebiao
Published: May 2024

Promoting sustainable agricultural development is pivotal to realizing sustainable development goals. This study initially constructs a comprehensive indicator to delineate the landscape of agricultural sustainable development (ASD) across China. While ASD in China demonstrates an upward trajectory, it remains relatively low and exhibits disparities across regions. Ensuring food security with minimal energy consumption in agriculture is particularly critical for China, and fostering access to affordable and clean energy services in rural areas is essential for expediting the transition to sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the impact of rural energy poverty (REP) on ASD across 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2017, revealing that the eradication of REP yields tangible benefits for ASD. Furthermore, considering regional disparities, the elimination of REP significantly enhances ASD, particularly in non-major grain-producing areas compared to major grain-producing regions. These findings underscore the imperative of integrating efforts to alleviate energy poverty with initiatives aimed at advancing ASD. Such integration is indispensable for driving the overarching transition toward sustainable agriculture.
Research on a Multi-Lens Multispectral Camera for Identifying Haploid Maize Seeds
Authors: He Xiantao , Zhu Jinting , Li Pinxuan , Zhang Dongxing , Yang Li , Cui Tao , Zhang Kailiang , Lin Xiaolong
Published: May 2024

Haploid breeding can shorten the breeding period of new maize varieties and is an important means to increase maize yield. In the breeding program, a large number of haploid seeds need to be screened, and this step is mainly achieved manually, which hinders the industrialization of haploid maize breeding. This article aims to develop a multispectral camera to identify the haploid seeds automatically. The camera was manufactured by replacing narrow-band filters of the ordinary CCD camera, and the RGB, 405 nm, 980 nm and 1050 nm images of haploid or diploid seeds were simultaneously captured (the characteristic wavelengths were determined according to color and high-oil markers of maize). The performance was tested using four maize varieties with the two genetic markers. The results show that the developed multispectral camera significantly improved the recognition accuracy of haploid maize seeds to 92.33%, 97.33%, 97% and 93.33% for the TYD1903, TYD1904, TYD1907 and TYD1908 varieties, respectively. The cameras in the near-infrared region (wavelengths of 980 nm and 1050 nm) achieved better performance for the varieties of high-oil marker, with an increase of 0.84% and 1.5%, respectively. These results demonstrate the strong potential of the multispectral imaging technology in the haploid seed identification of maize.
Design and Discrete-Element-Method Simulation of Helix Hole-Forming Machine for Deep Planting with Large Holes
Authors: Yu Lihua , Zheng Le , Liang Pengfei , Wu Xuemei , Zhang Fugui , Zhao Limei
Published: May 2024

This study centered around the practical problem that there is no machine available for deep planting with large holes in hilly and mountainous areas of China. According to the principle of spiral lifting, a conical, double-spiral hole-forming machine was innovatively designed. The structural design and parameter calculation were completed. By discrete-element-method (DEM) simulation, the optimal lead and rotation speed of the hole former were obtained, and the hole-forming mechanisms of soil cutting, soil lifting, soil discharging, soil extruding, and soil returning were further revealed. The field test results indicated that the prototype had the advantages of convenient operation and good performance, and the formed holes met the agronomic requirements, with a qualification rate of 88.5%. In addition, it was found that the soil moisture content has a great influence on the formation of holes. Under the condition of low moisture content, the residence time at the bottom of a hole should be appropriately increased to improve the qualification rate of the holes formed. Our research results provided theoretical guidance and technical support for the design, optimization, popularization, and application of a hole-forming machine for deep planting with large holes (DPLH).