bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, and risk of pancreatic cancer: A population-based cohort study in a large Japanese population: the JPHC Study
Authors: Hirabayashi Mayo , Inoue Manami , Sawada Norie , Saito Eiko , Abe Sarah K. , Hidaka Akihisa , Iwasaki Motoki , Yamaji Taiki , Shimazu Taichi , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: April 2019

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), an established risk factor for gastric cancer, is suggested to also play a role in the development of pancreatic cancer; however, the association remains inconclusive. We examined this association among Japanese men and women. H. pylori and atrophic gastritis (AG) status were determined serologically, using blood sample collected during health checkups. A total of 20,116 subjects enrolled in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Cohort II with available data on H. pylori seropositivity (anti-H. pylori) and AG were followed until the end of 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using the information from the baseline survey. During 320,470 person-years of follow-up, 119 cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. No statically significant increase or decrease in pancreatic cancer risk was observed for H. pylori and AG status, independently or in combination. In a multivariable-adjusted model, we observed a non-significant decrease in the risk among those who had AG but were anti-H. pylori seronegative (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.31–1.03). In a stratified analysis, we observed a statistically significant increased risk of pancreatic cancer for AG+ (HR 3.64, 95% CI 1.37–9.66), and AG+/anti-H. pylori− or AG+/anti-H. pylori+ (HR 5.21, 95% CI 1.14–23.87) among current smokers. Non-smokers in all categories of AG and anti-H. pylori showed a non-statistical decrease in the risk. There was no statistically significant interaction between H. pylori infection, AG status, and smoking status. Our findings suggest H. pylori seropositivity and AG, individually or in combination, are not associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer in a general Japanese population. Among current smokers, pancreatic cancer risk increased with AG, regardless of H. pylori infection status.
Birth and Resuscitation of (p)ppGpp Induced Antibiotic Tolerant Persister Cells
Authors: Svenningsen Mikkel Skjoldan , Veress Alexandra , Harms Alexander , Mitarai Namiko , Semsey Szabolcs
Published: April 2019

Transient antibiotic treatment typically eradicates most sensitive bacteria except a few survivors called persisters. The second messenger (p)ppGpp plays a key role in persister formation in Escherichia coli populations but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. In this study we induced (p)ppGpp synthesis by modulating tRNA charging and then directly observed the stochastic appearance, antibiotic tolerance, and resuscitation of persister cells using live microscopy. Different physiological parameters of persister cells as well as their regularly growing ancestors and sisters were continuously monitored using fluorescent reporters. Our results confirmed previous findings that high (p)ppGpp levels are critical for persister formation, but the phenomenon remained strikingly stochastic without any correlation between (p)ppGpp levels and antibiotic tolerance on the single-cell level. We could not confirm previous notions that persisters exhibit markedly low concentrations of intracellular ATP or were linked to post-transcriptional effects of (p)ppGpp through the activation of small genetic elements known as toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules. Instead, we suggest that persister cell formation under regular conditions is driven by the transcriptional response to increased (p)ppGpp levels.
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent internalization and Rab5-dependent endocytic sorting mediate long-distance retrograde neuronal death induced by axonal BDNF-p75 signaling
Authors: Escudero C. A. , Cabeza C. , Moya-Alvarado G. , Maloney M. T. , Flores C. M. , Wu C. , Court F. A. , Mobley W. C. , Bronfman F. C.
Published: April 2019

During the development of the sympathetic nervous system, signals from tropomyosin-related kinase receptors (Trks) and p75 neurotrophin receptors (p75) compete to regulate survival and connectivity. During this process, nerve growth factor (NGF)- TrkA signaling in axons communicates NGF-mediated trophic responses in signaling endosomes. Whether axonal p75 signaling contributes to neuronal death and how signaling endosomes contribute to p75 signaling has not been established. Using compartmentalized sympathetic neuronal cultures (CSCGs) as a model, we observed that the addition of BDNF to axons increased the transport of p75 and induced death of sympathetic neurons in a dynein-dependent manner. In cell bodies, internalization of p75 required the activity of JNK, a downstream kinase mediating p75 death signaling in neurons. Additionally, the activity of Rab5, the key GTPase regulating early endosomes, was required for p75 death signaling. In axons, JNK and Rab5 were required for retrograde transport and death signaling mediated by axonal BDNF-p75 in CSCGs. JNK was also required for the proper axonal transport of p75-positive endosomes. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the activation of JNK by p75 in cell bodies and axons is required for internalization to a Rab5-positive signaling endosome and the further propagation of p75-dependent neuronal death signals.
Azithromycin resistance levels and mechanisms in Escherichia coli
Authors: Gomes Cláudia , Ruiz-Roldán Lidia , Mateu Judit , Ochoa Theresa J. , Ruiz Joaquim
Published: April 2019

Despite azithromycin being used in some countries to treat infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens, no resistance breakpoint forEscherichia coliexists. The aim of this study was to analyse the levels and mechanisms of azithromycin resistance inE. coli. The presence of chromosomal (rplD, rplVand23S rRNA) mutations, 10 macrolide resistance genes (MRGs) and efflux pump overexpression was determined in 343E. coliisolates. Overall, 89 (25.9%) isolates had MICs ≥ 32 mg/L to azithromycin, decreasing to 42 (12.2%) when assayed in the presence of Phe-Arg-β-Napthylamide, with 35 of these 42 possessing at least one MRG. Efflux pumps played a role in azithromycin resistance affecting the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) levels of 91.2% isolates whereas chromosomal alterations seem to have a minimal role. At least one MRG was found in 22.7% of the isolates withmph(A) being the most commonly found gene. Themph(A) gene plays the main role in the development of azithromycin resistance and 93% of themph(A)-carrying isolates showed a MIC of 32 mg/L. In the absence of a specific resistance breakpoint our results suggest a MIC of 32 mg/L to be considered in order to detect isolates carrying mechanisms able to confer azithromycin resistance.
Three-dimensional partitioning of resources by congeneric forest predators with recent sympatry
Authors: Jenkins Julianna M. A. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Wiens J. David , Kane Jonathan T. , Kane Van R. , Verschuyl Jake
Published: April 2019

Coexistence of ecologically similar species can be maintained by partitioning along one or more niche axes. Three-dimensional structural complexity is central to facilitating resource partitioning between many forest species, but is underrepresented in field-based studies. We examined resource selection by sympatric northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), a threatened species under the US Endangered Species Act, and nonnative barred owls (S. varia) in western Oregon, USA to explore the relative importance of canopy heterogeneity, vertical complexity of forest, and abiotic features to resource selection and identify potential differences that may facilitate long-term coexistence. We predicted that within home range selection of understory densities, measured with airborne lidar, would differ between species based on proportional differences in arboreal and terrestrial prey taken by each owl species. We used discrete choice models and telemetry data from 41 spotted owls and 38 barred owls monitored during 2007–2009 and 2012–2015. Our results suggested that while both species used tall canopy areas more often than low canopy areas, spotted owls were more commonly found in areas with lower tree cover, more developed understory, and steeper slopes. This is the first evidence of fine-scale partitioning based on structural forest properties by northern spotted owls and barred owls.
The perceptual neural trace of memorable unseen scenes
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Yalda , Mullin Caitlin , Oliva Aude , Pantazis Dimitrios
Published: April 2019

Some scenes are more memorable than others: they cement in minds with consistencies across observers and time scales. While memory mechanisms are traditionally associated with the end stages of perception, recent behavioral studies suggest that the features driving these memorability effects are extracted early on, and in an automatic fashion. This raises the question: is the neural signal of memorability detectable during early perceptual encoding phases of visual processing? Using the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG), during a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task, we traced the neural temporal signature of memorability across the brain. We found an early and prolonged memorability related signal under a challenging ultra-rapid viewing condition, across a network of regions in both dorsal and ventral streams. This enhanced encoding could be the key to successful storage and recognition.
Platelet proteome reveals specific proteins associated with platelet activation and the hypercoagulable state in β-thalassmia/HbE patients
Authors: Chanpeng Puangpaka , Svasti Saovaros , Paiboonsukwong Kittiphong , Smith Duncan R. , Leecharoenkiat Kamonlak
Published: April 2019

A hypercoagulable state leading to a high risk of a thrombotic event is one of the most common complications observed in β-thalassemia/HbE disease, particularly in patients who have undergone a splenectomy. However, the hypercoagulable state, as well as the molecular mechanism of this aspect of the pathogenesis of β-thalassemia/HbE, remains poorly understood. To address this issue, fifteen non-splenectomized β-thalassemia/HbE patients, 8 splenectomized β-thalassemia/HbE patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited to this study. Platelet activation and hypercoagulable parameters including levels of CD62P and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. A proteomic analysis was conducted to compare the platelet proteome between patients and normal subjects, and the results were validated by western blot analysis. The β-thalassemia/HbE patients showed significantly higher levels of CD62P and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 than normal subjects. The levels of platelet activation and hypercoagulation found in patients were strongly associated with splenectomy status. The platelet proteome analysis revealed 19 differential spots which were identified to be 19 platelet proteins, which included 10 cytoskeleton proteins, thrombin generation related proteins, and antioxidant enzymes. Our findings highlight markers of coagulation activation and molecular pathways known to be associated with the pathogenesis of platelet activation, the hypercoagulable state, and consequently with the thrombosis observed in β-thalassemia/HbE patients.
Cardiac inflammatory CD11b/c cells exert a protective role in hypertrophied cardiomyocyte by promoting TNFR2- and Orai3- dependent signaling
Authors: Keck Mathilde , Flamant Mathilde , Mougenot Nathalie , Favier Sophie , Atassi Fabrice , Barbier Camille , Nadaud Sophie , Lompré Anne-Marie , Hulot Jean-Sébastien , Pavoine Catherine
Published: April 2019

Early adaptive cardiac hypertrophy (EACH) is initially a compensatory process to optimize pump function. We reported the emergence of Orai3 activity during EACH. This study aimed to characterize how inflammation regulates store-independent activation of Orai3-calcium influx and to evaluate the functional role of this influx. Isoproterenol infusion or abdominal aortic banding triggered EACH. TNFα or conditioned medium from cardiac CD11b/c cells activated either in vivo [isolated from rats displaying EACH], or in vitro [isolated from normal rats and activated with lipopolysaccharide], were added to adult cardiomyocytes before measuring calcium entry, cell hypertrophy and cell injury. Using intramyocardial injection of siRNA, Orai3 was in vivo knockdown during EACH to evaluate its protective activity in heart failure. Inflammatory CD11b/c cells trigger a store-independent calcium influx in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes, that is mimicked by TNFα. Pharmacological or molecular (siRNA) approaches demonstrate that this calcium influx, depends on TNFR2, is Orai3-driven, and elicits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and resistance to oxidative stress. Neutralization of Orai3 inhibits protective GSK3β phosphorylation, impairs EACH and accelerates heart failure. Orai3 exerts a pathophysiological protective impact in EACH promoting hypertrophy and resistance to oxidative stress. We highlight inflammation arising from CD11b/c cells as a potential trigger of TNFR2- and Orai3-dependent signaling pathways.
Water walking as a new mode of free surface skipping
Authors: Hurd Randy C. , Belden Jesse , Bower Allan F. , Holekamp Sean , Jandron Michael A. , Truscott Tadd T.
Published: April 2019

Deformable elastomeric spheres are evaluated experimentally as they skip multiple times over a lake surface. Some spheres are embedded with small inertial measurement units to measure the acceleration experienced during water surface impact. A model for multiple impact events shows good agreement between measured acceleration, number of skipping events and distanced traveled. The experiment reveals a new mode of skipping, “water walking”, which is observed for relatively soft spheres impacting at low impact angles. The mode occurs when the sphere gains significant angular velocity over the first several impacts, causing the sphere to maintain a deformed, oblong shape. The behavior is characterized by the sphere moving nearly parallel to the water surface with the major axis tips dipping below the water surface with each rotation while the shorter sides pass just above, giving the impression that the sphere is walking across the water surface.
Functional Evaluation of Two Corneal Endothelial Cell-Based Therapies: Tissue-Engineered Construct and Cell Injection
Authors: Peh Gary S. L. , Ong Hon Shing , Adnan Khadijah , Ang Heng-Pei , Lwin Chan N. , Seah Xin-Yi , Lin Shu-Jun , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: April 2019

Restoration of vision due to corneal blindness from corneal endothelial dysfunction can be achieved via a corneal transplantation. However, global shortage of donor tissues has driven the development cell-based therapeutics. With the capacity to propagate regulatory compliant human corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs), this study evaluated the functionality of propagated CEnCs delivered via tissue-engineered endothelial keratoplasty (TE-EK) or corneal endothelial cell injection (CE-CI) within a rabbit model of bullous keratopathy. For animals with TE-EK grafts, central corneal thickness (CCT) increased to >1000 μm post-operatively. Gradual thinning with improvements in corneal clarity was observed from week 1. CCT at week 3 was 484.3 ± 73.7 μm. In rabbits with CE-CI, corneal clarity was maintained throughout, and CCT at week 3 was 582.5 ± 171.5 μm. Control corneas remained significantly edematous throughout the study period compared to their respective experimental groups (p < 0.05). Characterization of excised corneas showed a monolayer with heterogeneously shaped CEnCs in both TE-EK and CE-CI groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated reactivity to anti-human specific nuclei antibody attributing corneal recovery to the functional human CEnCs. This study showed that regulatory compliant cell-based therapy for corneal endothelial dysfunction can be delivered by both TE-EK and CE-CI, and holds great promise as an alternative to traditional corneal transplantation.
All-passive transformable optical mapping near-eye display
Authors: Cui Wei , Gao Liang
Published: April 2019

We present an all-passive, transformable optical mapping (ATOM) near-eye display based on the “human-centric design” principle. By employing a diffractive optical element, a distorted grating, the ATOM display can project different portions of a two-dimensional display screen to various depths, rendering a real three-dimensional image with correct focus cues. Thanks to its all-passive optical mapping architecture, the ATOM display features a reduced form factor and low power consumption. Moreover, the system can readily switch between a real-three-dimensional and a high-resolution two-dimensional display mode, providing task-tailored viewing experience for a variety of VR/AR applications.
Systematic evaluation of 2′-Fluoro modified chimeric antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping in vitro
Authors: Chen Suxiang , Le Bao T. , Chakravarthy Madhuri , Kosbar Tamer R. , Veedu Rakesh N.
Published: April 2019

Antisense oligonucleotide (AO)-mediated splice modulation has been established as a therapeutic approach for tackling genetic diseases. Recently, Exondys51, a drug that aims to correct splicing defects in the dystrophin gene was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, Exondys51 has relied on phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) chemistry which poses challenges in the cost of production and compatibility with conventional oligonucleotide synthesis procedures. One approach to overcome this problem is to construct the AO with alternative nucleic acid chemistries using solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis via standard phosphoramidite chemistry. 2′-Fluoro (2′-F) is a potent RNA analogue that possesses high RNA binding affinity and resistance to nuclease degradation with good safety profile, and an approved drug Macugen containing 2′-F-modified pyrimidines was approved for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the present study, we investigated the scope of 2′-F nucleotides to construct mixmer and gapmer exon skipping AOs with either 2′-O-methyl (2′-OMe) or locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides on a phosphorothioate (PS) backbone, and evaluated their efficacy in inducing exon-skipping in mdx mouse myotubes in vitro. Our results showed that all AOs containing 2′-F nucleotides induced efficient exon-23 skipping, with LNA/2′-F chimeras achieving better efficiency than the AOs without LNA modification. In addition, LNA/2′-F chimeric AOs demonstrated higher exonuclease stability and lower cytotoxicity than the 2′-OMe/2′-F chimeras. Overall, our findings certainly expand the scope of constructing 2′-F modified AOs in splice modulation by incorporating 2′-OMe and LNA modifications.
Shape Dynamics of Bouncing Droplets
Authors: Svintradze David V.
Published: April 2019

Oscillating shape motion of a freely falling and bouncing water droplet has long fascinated and inspired scientists. We propose dynamic non-linear equations for closed, two-dimensional surfaces in gravity and apply it to analyze shape dynamics of freely falling and bouncing drops. The analytic and numerical solutions qualitatively well explain why drops oscillate among prolate/oblate morphology and display a number of features consistent with experiments. In addition, numerical solutions for simplified equations indicate nonlinear effects of nonperiodic/asymmetric motion and the growing amplitude in the surface density oscillations and well agree to previous experimental data.
Comprehensive analysis of Fc-mediated IgM binding to the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 family in three parasite clones
Authors: Quintana Maria del Pilar , Ecklu-Mensah Gertrude , Tcherniuk Sergey O. , Ditlev Sisse Bolm , Oleinikov Andrew V. , Hviid Lars , Lopez-Perez Mary
Published: April 2019

PfEMP1 is a family of adhesive proteins expressed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs), where they mediate adhesion of IEs to a range of host receptors. Efficient PfEMP1-dependent IE sequestration often depends on soluble serum proteins, including IgM. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of which of the about 60 var gene-encoded PfEMP1 variants per parasite genome can bind IgM via the Fc part of the antibody molecule, and which of the constituent domains of those PfEMP1 are involved. We erased the epigenetic memory of var gene expression in three distinct P. falciparum clones, 3D7, HB3, and IT4/FCR3 by promoter titration, and then isolated individual IEs binding IgM from malaria-unexposed individuals by fluorescence-activated single-cell sorting. The var gene transcription profiles of sub-clones measured by real-time qPCR were used to identify potential IgM-binding PfEMP1 variants. Recombinant DBL and CIDR domains corresponding to those variants were tested by ELISA and protein arrays to confirm their IgM-binding capacity. Selected DBL domains were used to raise specific rat anti-sera to select IEs with uniform expression of candidate PfEMP1 proteins. Our data document that IgM-binding PfEMP1 proteins are common in each of the three clones studied, and that the binding epitopes are mainly found in DBLε and DBLζ domains near the C-terminus.
Visual short-term memory for coherent motion in video game players: evidence from a memory-masking paradigm
Authors: Pavan Andrea , Hobaek Martine , Blurton Steven P. , Contillo Adriano , Ghin Filippo , Greenlee Mark W.
Published: April 2019

In this study, we investigated visual short-term memory for coherent motion in action video game players (AVGPs), non-action video game players (NAVGPs), and non-gamers (control group: CONs). Participants performed a visual memory-masking paradigm previously used with macaque monkeys and humans. In particular, we tested whether video game players form a more robust visual short-term memory trace for coherent moving stimuli during the encoding phase, and whether such memory traces are less affected by an intervening masking stimulus presented 0.2 s after the offset of the to-be-remembered sample. The results showed that task performance of all groups was affected by the masking stimulus, but video game players were affected to a lesser extent than controls. Modelling of performance values and reaction times revealed that video game players have a lower guessing rate than CONs, and higher drift rates than CONs, indicative of more efficient perceptual decisions. These results suggest that video game players exhibit a more robust VSTM trace for moving objects and this trace is less prone to external interference.
18F-Flortaucipir in TDP-43 associated frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Smith R. , Santillo A. F. , Waldö M. Landqvist , Strandberg O. , Berron D. , Vestberg S. , van Westen D. , van Swieten J. , Honer M. , Hansson O.
Published: April 2019

Retention of 18F-Flortaucipir is reportedly increased in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), which is dominated by TDP-43 pathology. However, it is unclear if 18F-Flortaucipir is also increased in other TDP-43 diseases, such as bvFTD caused by a C9orf72 gene mutation. We therefore recruited six C9orf72 expansion carriers, six svPPA patients, and 54 healthy controls. All underwent 18F-Flortaucipir PET and MRI scanning. Data from 39 Alzheimer’s Disease patients were used for comparison. PET tracer retention was assessed both at the region-of-interest (ROI) and at the voxel-level. Further, autoradiography using 3H-Flortaucipir was performed. SvPPA patients exhibited higher 18F-Flortaucipir retention in the lateral temporal cortex bilaterally according to ROI- and voxel-based analyses. In C9orf72 patients, 18F-Flortaucipir binding was slightly increased in the inferior frontal lobes in the ROI based analysis, but these results were not replicated in the voxel-based analysis. Autoradiography did not show specific binding in svPPA cases or in C9orf72-mutation carriers. In conclusion, temporal lobe 18F-Flortaucipir retention was observed in some cases of svPPA, but the uptake was of a lower magnitude compared to AD dementia. C9orf72-mutation carriers exhibited none or limited 18F-Flortaucipir retention, indicating that 18F-Flortaucipir binding in TDP-43 proteinopathies is not a general TDP-43 related phenomenon.
Detection of T lymphocyte subsets and related functional molecules in follicular fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Li Zitao , Peng Anping , Feng Yuanfa , Zhang Xiaona , Liu Fenghua , Chen Chuangqi , Ye Xin , Qu Jiale , Jin Chenxi , Wang Mei , Qiu Huaina , Qi Yanwei , Huang Jun , Yang Quan
Published: April 2019

Immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets in PCOS remain insufficiently understood. In this study, lymphocytes of follicular fluid (FF) were obtained from oocyte retrieval before in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in infertile women with or without PCOS. The levels of cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25), CD69, programmed death 1 (PD-1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 in T lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the percentage of FF CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased in infertile patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of CD69 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased and the level of PD-1 was increased in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infertile patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells was positively correlated with the estradiol (E2) levels in the serum and reversely correlated with the expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in infertile patients with PCOS. These results suggested that T cell dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
The horse Y chromosome as an informative marker for tracing sire lines
Authors: Felkel Sabine , Vogl Claus , Rigler Doris , Dobretsberger Viktoria , Chowdhary Bhanu P. , Distl Ottmar , Fries Ruedi , Jagannathan Vidhya , Janečka Jan E. , Leeb Tosso , Lindgren Gabriella , McCue Molly , Metzger Julia , Neuditschko Markus , Rattei Thomas , Raudsepp Terje , Rieder Stefan , Rubin Carl-Johan , Schaefer Robert , Schlötterer Christian , Thaller Georg , Tetens Jens , Velie Brandon , Brem Gottfried , Wallner Barbara
Published: April 2019

Analysis of the Y chromosome is the best-established way to reconstruct paternal family history in humans. Here, we applied fine-scaled Y-chromosomal haplotyping in horses with biallelic markers and demonstrate the potential of our approach to address the ancestry of sire lines. We de novo assembled a draft reference of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome from Illumina short reads and then screened 5.8 million basepairs for variants in 130 specimens from intensively selected and rural breeds and nine Przewalski’s horses. Among domestic horses we confirmed the predominance of a young’crown haplogroup’ in Central European and North American breeds. Within the crown, we distinguished 58 haplotypes based on 211 variants, forming three major haplogroups. In addition to two previously characterised haplogroups, one observed in Arabian/Coldblooded and the other in Turkoman/Thoroughbred horses, we uncovered a third haplogroup containing Iberian lines and a North African Barb Horse. In a genealogical showcase, we distinguished the patrilines of the three English Thoroughbred founder stallions and resolved a historic controversy over the parentage of the horse ‘Galopin’, born in 1872. We observed two nearly instantaneous radiations in the history of Central and Northern European Y-chromosomal lineages that both occurred after domestication 5,500 years ago.
3D visualisation of hepatitis B vaccine in the oral delivery vehicle SBA-15
Authors: Rasmussen Martin K. , Kardjilov Nikolay , Oliveira Cristiano L. P. , Watts Benjamin , Villanova Julie , Botosso Viviane Fongaro , Sant’Anna Osvaldo A. , Fantini Marcia C. A. , Bordallo Heloisa N.
Published: April 2019

Developing a technology that enables oral vaccines to work efficiently remains a considerable effort since a number of difficulties must be addressed. The key objective being to ensure the safe passage through the harsh conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, promoting delivery that induces enhanced immune response. In the particular case of hepatitis B, the oral formulation in the nanostructured silica SBA-15 is a viable approach. As a result of its porous structure, low toxicity and structural stability, SBA-15 is capable to protect and release the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), used in the vaccination scheme, at the desired destination. Furthermore, when compared to the currently used injection based delivery method, better or similar antibody response has been observed. However, information about the organisation of the antigen protein remains unknown. For instance, HBsAg is too large to enter the 10 nm ordered mesopores of SBA-15 and has a tendency to agglomerate when protected by the delivery system. Here we report on the pH dependence of HBsAg aggregation in saline solution investigated using small angle X-rays scattering that resulted in an optimisation of the encapsulation conditions. Additionally, X-ray microscopy combined with neutron and X-ray tomography provided full 3D information of the HBsAg clustering (i.e. agglomeration) inside the SBA-15 macropores. This method enables the visualisation of the organisation of the antigen in the interior of the delivery system, where agglomerated HBsAg coexists with its immunological effective uniformly distributed counterpart. This new approach, to be taken into account while preparing the formulation, can greatly help in the understanding of clinical studies and advance new formulations.
Strategies for robust and accurate experimental approaches to quantify nanomaterial bioaccumulation across a broad range of organisms
Authors: Petersen Elijah J. , Mortimer Monika , Burgess Robert M. , Handy Richard , Hanna Shannon , Ho Kay T. , Johnson Monique , Loureiro Susana , Selck Henriette , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J. , Spurgeon David , Unrine Jason , van den Brink Nico W. , Wang Ying , White Jason , Holden Patricia
Published: April 2019

Strategies are provided for making robust measurements of engineered nanomaterial bioaccumulation across a broad range of organisms.
A switching role of hard-uptake nanoparticles in microalgae cell electroporation
Authors: Chen Zhenzhong , Lee Won Gu
Published: April 2019

We report the role of hard-uptake nanoparticles in microalgae cell electroporation to enhance the delivery of genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Antibody modified gold nanoparticles for fast colorimetric screening of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Veigas Bruno , Matias Ana , Calmeiro Tomás , Fortunato Elvira , Fernandes Alexandra R. , Baptista Pedro Viana
Published: April 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation and one of the main causes of chronic disability worldwide with high prevalence in the ageing population.
Tandem catalysis by ultrathin metal–organic nanosheets formed through post-synthetic functionalisation of a layered framework
Authors: Nicks Joshua , Zhang Jiawen , Foster Jonathan A.
Published: April 2019

Covalent post-synthetic functionalisation of layered metal–organic frameworks is demonstrated as a new approach to forming ultrathin nanosheets for use in catalysis.
High-pressure crystallisation studies of biodiesel and methyl stearate
Authors: Liu X. , Bull C. L. , Kleppe A. K. , Dowding P. J. , Lewtas K. , Pulham C. R.
Published: April 2019

The widespread use of biodiesel as a renewable fuel offers many potential advantages, but at the same time presents challenges for modern internal combustion engines, particularly for those that involve high-pressure injection of fuel into the combustion chamber.
NN bond cleavage of azobenzene via photocatalytic hydrogenation with Dy-doped Zn(O,S): the progress from hydrogen evolution to green chemical conversion
Authors: Abdullah Hairus , Kuo Dong-Hau , Gultom Noto Susanto
Published: April 2019

Hydrogen-evolved Dy-doped Zn(O,S) photocatalysts with different amounts of Dy precursor have been synthesized, characterized and further utilized for hydrogenation reactions.
Syntheses of mono and bimetallic cyamelurate polymers with reversible chromic behaviour
Authors: Mohan Midhun , Rajak Sanil , Tremblay Alexandre A. , Maris Thierry , Duong Adam
Published: April 2019

MOPs and MMOPs were synthesized in water and their crystals exhibit switchable chromic behaviour and reversible solid-state structural transformations.
The behaviour of irrigation induced Se in the groundwater-soil-plant system in Punjab, India
Authors: Eiche Elisabeth , Nothstein Alexandra Kelly , Göttlicher Jörg , Steininger Ralph , Dhillon Karaj Singh , Neumann Thomas
Published: April 2019

Selenium species transformation is the key to understand the strong long-term Se enrichment in soils and its critical transfer into plants.
Dihydrochalcone-derived polyphenols from tea crab apple (Malus hupehensis) and their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in vitro
Authors: Lv Qiuyue , Lin Yushan , Tan Zhexu , Jiang Baoping , Xu Lijia , Ren Haiqin , Tai William Chi-shing , Chan Chi-on , Lee Chi-sing , Gu Zhengbing , Mok Daniel K. W. , Chen Sibao
Published: April 2019

α-Glucosidase inhibitory agents with unique carbon skeletons from tea crab apple (Malus hupehensis).
Integrated inertial-impedance cytometry for rapid label-free leukocyte isolation and profiling of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
Authors: Petchakup Chayakorn , Tay Hui Min , Li King Ho Holden , Hou Han Wei
Published: April 2019

A novel integrated inertial-impedance cytometer for rapid and label-free electrical profiling of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis).
Synthesis of complex rare earth nanostructures using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Taylor Caitlin A. , Nenoff Tina M. , Pratt Sarah H. , Hattar Khalid
Published: April 2019

Energy and cost efficient synthesis pathways are important for the production, processing, and recycling of rare earth metals necessary for a range of advanced energy and environmental applications.
Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres as chemical vapour sensors
Authors: Mutuma Bridget K. , Garcia-Martinez Clara I. , Dias Rodrigo C. , Matsoso Boitumelo J. , Coville Neil J. , Hümmelgen Ivo A.
Published: April 2019

The sensitivities of N-HCSs and annealed HCSs towards various analytes revealing a decrease in water sensitivity of the N-HCSs.
Thermo- and photo-stable symmetrical benzo[cd]indolenyl-substituted heptamethine cyanine dye carrying a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate that absorbs only near-infrared light over 1000 nm
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Yanagawa Ryuta , Kubota Yasuhiro , Inuzuka Toshiyasu
Published: April 2019

Thermo- and photo-stable NIR dyes absorbing only NIR light of over 1000 nm have been investigated.
TiO2rutile phase formed interlayers by sintering monophasic bioceramics for biomedical applications
Authors: Vinodhini S. P. , Sridhar T. M.
Published: April 2019

The formation of a rutile TiO2phase in nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) coated titanium metal (nanHAP–TiO2–Ti) is reported.
A non-fluorine method for preparing multifunctional robust superhydrophobic coating with applications in photocatalysis, flame retardance, and oil–water separation
Authors: Wang Bo , Peng Shan , Wang Yingchun , Li Xinxin , Zhang Kunmeng , Liu Caiyun
Published: April 2019

A PDMS-grafted method was proposed to fabricate robust PDMS-grafted-Mg(OH)2/PDMS-grafted-TiO2@epoxy coatings with multifunctional properties and various promising applications.
Dehydration impeding ionic conductance through two-dimensional angstrom-scale slits
Authors: Yu YanZi , Fan JingCun , Xia Jun , Zhu YinBo , Wu HengAn , Wang FengChao
Published: April 2019

Energy barriers which impede ionic conductance through 2D angstrom-scale slits can be theoretically connected to the partial dehydration process.
Oxidative sulfonamidomethylation of imidazopyridines utilizing methanol as the main C1 source
Authors: Zhao Xue-Mei , Huang En-Ling , Zhu Yu-Shen , Li Jing , Song Bing , Zhu Xinju , Hao Xin-Qi
Published: April 2019

An efficient one pot, three component synthesis of C3 sulfonamidomethylated imidazopyridines has been disclosed utilizing methanol and DTBP as the major and minor methylene source, respectively.
Preparation and in situ chain-end-functionalization of branched ethylene oligomers by monosubstituted α-diimine nickel catalysts
Authors: Ma Xin , Hu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Yixin , Mu Hongliang , Cui Lei , Jian Zhongbao
Published: April 2019

Chain-end-functionalization of (highly) branched ethylene oligomers was achieved in situ with the most/least bulky α-diimine nickel catalysts for the first time.
A film-based fluorescent device for vapor phase detection of acetone and related peroxide explosives
Authors: Qi Yanyu , Xu Wenjun , Ding Nannan , Chang Xingmao , Shang Congdi , Peng Haonan , Liu Taihong , Fang Yu
Published: April 2019

A film-based fluorescent device for vapor phase detection of acetone and TATP and DADP at room temperature is reported.
Palladium-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of vinyl cyclopropanes with cyclic 1-azadienes
Authors: Zhou Qing , Chen Bo , Huang Xiao-Bing , Zeng Ya-Li , Chu Wen-Dao , He Long , Liu Quan-Zhong
Published: April 2019

We have developed highly efficient and stereoselective Pd-catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions of vinyl cyclopropanes with cyclic 1-azadienes.
Charge balance control of quantum dot light emitting diodes with atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide interlayers
Authors: Jin Hoseok , Moon Hyungseok , Lee Woosuk , Hwangbo Hyeok , Yong Sang Heon , Chung Ho Kyoon , Chae Heeyeop
Published: April 2019

We developed a 1.0 nm thick aluminum oxide (Al2O3) interlayer as an electron blocking layer to reduce leakage current and suppress exciton quenching induced by charge imbalance in inverted quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs).
iTRAQ based proteomic analysis of PM2.5 induced lung damage
Authors: Xue Zhaohui , Li Ang , Zhang Xueya , Yu Wancong , Wang Junyu , Zhang Yixia , Gao Xin , Kou Xiaohong
Published: April 2019

Research on biomarkers and pathways provides new diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic strategies for PM2.5 correlated lung diseases.
Preparation of biodiesel oil-in-water nanoemulsions by mixed surfactants for bifenthrin formulation
Authors: Yan Huiqiong , Bao Chaoling , Chen Xiuqiong , Yu Changjiang , Kong Dulin , Shi Jianjun , Lin Qiang
Published: April 2019

Although several approaches have been reported on the development of nanoemulsions over the last few years, studies on the formation of biodiesel nanoemulsions for bifenthrin formulation by the PIC method are still scarce.
Development of moisture-proof polydimethylsiloxane/aluminum oxide film and stability improvement of perovskite solar cells using the film
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Kim Ju-Hee , Kim Bu-Jong , Jang Ji Hun , Kim Jincheol , Park Nochang
Published: April 2019

A method for enhancing the moisture barrier property of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer films is proposed. This is achieved by filling the PDMS free volume with aluminum oxide (AlOx).
A ratiometric and colorimetric probe for detecting Hg2+ based on naphthalimide–rhodamine and its staining function in cell imaging
Authors: Wang Yuesong , Ding Haichang , Wang Shuai , Fan Congbin , Tu Yayi , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi
Published: April 2019

A new probe based on naphthalimide–rhodamine was applied in recognition of Hg2+ by a FRET mechanism.
Formation of multicomponent 2D assemblies of C2v-symmetric terphenyl tetracarboxylic acid at the solid/liquid interface: recognition, selection, and transformation
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Li-Mei , Lu Cheng , Yan Hui-Juan , Wang Shao-Xu , Wang Dong
Published: April 2019

The formation process of multicomponent 2D assemblies of C2v-symmetric terphenyl tetracarboxylic acid on a surface.
Quantum tunnelling of the magnetisation in single-molecule magnet isotopologue dimers
Authors: Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Taran Gheorghe , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Ruben Mario
Published: April 2019

Low-temperature magnetic studies of two isotopologues dimers, with and without nuclear spins, reveal that, at very low temperatures, the nuclear spin facilitates the coupling to the phonon bath enhancing the direct relaxation process; observation reflected in the temperature and field dependence of the relaxation rates, whilst at higher temperatures the effect of the nuclear spins is less relevant.
Mass-transfer driven spinodal decomposition in a ternary polymer solution
Authors: Tree Douglas R. , F. Dos Santos Lucas , Wilson Caden B. , Scott Timothy R. , Garcia Jan Ulric , Fredrickson Glenn H.
Published: April 2019

A study of the combined effects of both mass transfer and phase separation kinetics on the widely used process of nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) via a two-fluid model.
Particle entrainment in dead-end pores by diffusiophoresis
Authors: Battat Sarah , Ault Jesse T. , Shin Sangwoo , Khodaparast Sepideh , Stone Howard A.
Published: April 2019

We determine the mechanism by which individual particles cross streamlines to become entrained in dead-end pores by diffusiophoresis.
Controllable assembly of single/double-thin-shell g-C3N4 vesicles via a shape-selective solid-state templating method for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Luo Lei , Li Keyan , Zhang Anfeng , Shi Hainan , Zhang Guanghui , Ma Jiani , Zhang Wen , Tang Junwang , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen
Published: April 2019

A shape-selective solid-state templating method has been developed to assemble stable thin-shell g-C3N4 vesicles and their heterojunctions for efficient photocatalysis.
Increase in efficiency on using selenophene instead of thiophene in π-bridges for D-π-DPP-π-D organic solar cells
Authors: Cuesta Virginia , Vartanian Maida , Malhotra Prateek , Biswas Subhayan , de la Cruz Pilar , Sharma Ganesh D. , Langa Fernando
Published: April 2019

A new D–π–A–π–D system, based on selenophene and Zn-porphyrin, is described and studied as a donor in OSCs, presenting a PCE of 9.24%.
Boron nitride nanosheet embedded bio-inspired wet adhesives with switchable adhesion and oxidation resistance
Authors: Jin Biyu , Zhang Guangfa , Lian Jiazhang , Zhang Qinghua , Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Fengqiu
Published: April 2019

An insulated and bactericidal mussel-mimetic nanocomposite adhesive exhibited switchable adhesion and oxidation resistance.
A novel aqueous Li+(or Na+)/Br−hybrid-ion battery with super high areal capacity and energy density
Authors: Wang Huaiqing , Wang Renhe , Song Zihan , Zhang Huamin , Zhang Hongzhang , Wang Yonggang , Li Xianfeng
Published: April 2019

A novel hybrid ion battery, involving an aqueous redox pair and a super high loading ion intercalation anode, is proposed.
A multicolor electrochromic film based on a SnO2/V2O5 core/shell structure for adaptive camouflage
Authors: Zhao Gen-feng , Wang Wei-qi , Wang Xiu-li , Xia Xin-hui , Gu Chang-dong , Tu Jiang-ping
Published: April 2019

A SnO2/V2O5 core/shell composite electrochromic film has been prepared by combining hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods with rough surface, multicolor electrochromism and excellent optical cyclic stability.
High-detectivity organic photodetectors based on a thick-film photoactive layer using a conjugated polymer containing a naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole unit
Authors: Zeng Zhaomiyi , Zhong Zhiming , Zhong Wenkai , Zhang Jiaxin , Ying Lei , Yu Gang , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: April 2019

The detectivity of organic photodetectors obviously enhanced with a photoactive layer thickness as a result of the reduced dark current density.
Dyes based on the D/A-acetylene linker-phenothiazine system for developing efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Slodek Aneta , Zych Dawid , Golba Sylwia , Zimosz Sylwia , Gnida Paweł , Schab-Balcerzak Ewa
Published: April 2019

Novel dyes based on the phenothiazine system D/A–π–D–π–A exhibit that elongation of π-conjugation is advantageous in the design of efficient photosensitizers.
Allosteric regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs
Authors: de Souza Almeida Matos Ana Laura , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Moreira José , Loh Kim , Galic Sandra , Scott John W.
Published: April 2019

The AMP (adenosine 5′-monophosphate)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis that co-ordinates metabolic processes to ensure energy supply meets demand. At the cellular level, AMPK is activated by metabolic stresses that increase AMP or adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) coupled with falling adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and acts to restore energy balance by choreographing a shift in metabolism in favour of energy-producing catabolic pathways while inhibiting non-essential anabolic processes. AMPK also regulates systemic energy balance and is activated by hormones and nutritional signals in the hypothalamus to control appetite and body weight. Failure to maintain energy balance plays an important role in chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders, which has prompted a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK. An array of small-molecule allosteric activators has now been developed, several of which can activate AMPK by direct allosteric activation, independently of Thr172 phosphorylation, which was previously regarded as indispensable for AMPK activity. In this review, we summarise the state-of-the-art regarding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern direct allosteric activation of AMPK by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs.
Disturbance rejection control with H∞ optimized observer for vibration suppression of piezoelectric smart structures
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Zhang Shun-Qi , Wang Zhan-Xi , Qin Xian-Sheng , Wang Run-Xiao , Schmidt Rüdiger
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a disturbance rejection (DR) control with H∞ optimized observer is developed for vibration suppression of smart structures considering model uncertainties and measurement noise. An electro-mechanically coupled dynamic finite element (FE) model of piezoelectric smart structures is firstly built for control design. Based on the dynamic FE model, the H∞ optimized observer is designed with a dynamic feedback gain which is calculated by H∞ mixed sensitivity optimization. Expected response speed and robustness to model uncertainties and measurement noise are obtained by configuring proper weighting functions. In the closed-loop system, estimated disturbances and state variables are fed back through a conventional DR controller to counteract disturbances and stabilize the system. In order to validate the DR control with H∞ optimized observer, vibration suppression simulations of a piezoelectric smart beam are implemented in the absence and presence of model uncertainties and measurement noise, respectively. Furthermore, DR control with generalized proportional integral observer and DR control with high-gain proportional integral observer are added for comparison. Results show that excellent vibration suppression performance and better robustness to model uncertainties and measurement noise are achieved by the DR control with H∞ optimized observer.