bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from the translation of the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale into isiXhosa for use with South African Xhosa people with schizophrenia
Authors: Matshabane Olivia P. , Appelbaum Paul S. , Faure Marlyn C. , Marshall Patricia A. , Stein Dan J. , de Vries Jantina , Campbell Megan M.
Published: June 2023

Internalised stigma is highly prevalent among people with mental illness. This is concerning because internalised stigma is often associated with negative consequences affecting individuals’ personal, familial, social, and overall wellbeing, employment opportunities and recovery. Currently, there is no psychometrically validated instrument to measure internalised stigma among Xhosa people in their home language. Our study aimed to translate the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale into isiXhosa. Following WHO guidelines, the ISMI scale was translated using a five-stage translation design which included (i) forward-translation, (ii) back-translation, (iii) committee approach, (iv) quantitative piloting, and (v) qualitative piloting using cognitive interviews. The ISMI isiXhosa version (ISMI-X) underwent psychometric testing to establish utility, within-scale validity, convergent, divergent, and content validity (assessed using frequency of endorsements and cognitive interviewing) with n = 65 Xhosa people with schizophrenia. The resultant ISMI-X scale demonstrated good psychometric utility, internal consistency for the overall scale (α = .90) and most subscales (α > .70, except the Stigma Resistance subscale where α = .57), convergent validity between the ISMI Discrimination Experiences subscale and the Discrimination and Stigma (DISC) scale's Treated Unfairly subscale ( r = .34, p = .03) and divergent validity between the ISMI Stigma Resistance and DISC Treated Unfairly subscales ( r = .13, p = .49). But more importantly the study provides valuable insights into strengths and limitations of the present translation design. Specifically, validation methods such as assessing frequency of endorsements of scale items and using cognitive interviewing to establish conceptual clarity and relevance of items may be useful in small piloting sample sizes.
Experimental study on the fatigue crack growth rates of welded ultra-high strength steel plates
Authors: Moe Y. A. , Hasib M. T. , Paul M. J. , Amraei M. , Ahola A. , Kruzic J. , Heidarpour A. , Zhao X. L.
Published: June 2023

The assessment of the fatigue crack growth rate behavior of welded structural components made of ultra-high strength steels (UHHS) is very important to gain a comprehensive understanding of these materials under high-cycle fatigue loadings and to enhance their applications in the construction industry. The literature on the fatigue crack growth rates of welded ultra-high strength steel plates with nominal yield strengths higher than 690 MPa is very scarce and only very limited research has been done thus far to provide the Paris’ Law fatigue material constants for welded UHSS components in terms of the base metal (BM), the weld metal (WM), and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) regions, which are essential for fatigue life prediction. Hence, the fatigue crack growth rates of butt-welded UHSS plates with three grades (S700, S960, and S1100) are experimentally investigated in this study using Paris’ Law for these three different regions of the welded components. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and laser welding (LW) methods are adopted to analyze the influence of welding methods on each steel grade with respect to their static and fatigue strength, microstructural changes, and hardness. In the fatigue crack growth rate test, it was observed that the S700 base material shows the lowest fatigue crack propagation resistance amongst these three grades. In welded components, laser welding outperforms gas welding in terms of the fatigue crack growth resistance. Comparisons of fatigue crack growth behaviors are made among all three tested UHSSs as well as with those from the literature.
Experimental investigation on realistic model for local bond stress-slip relationship between ribbed GFRP bars and concrete
Authors: Meng Xin , Gao Jinsong , Xu Tao , Cai Tongxing , Wu Zhifeng , Gao Kui , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Leian
Published: June 2023

Due to the lack of relevant research, the effect of the lateral confinement provided by stirrups and concrete cover on the bond behavior between glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and concrete is ambiguous, resulting in the lack of a practical bond slip theory of GFRP bars. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately analyze the load response of GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) structures from the stress level. In this paper, the local bond behavior of ribbed GFRP bars was systematically analyzed by the beam-end tests. The test parameters include concrete strength, stirrup spacing, and concrete cover. In addition, a bond stress-slip model considering the bonding mechanism was proposed on the basis of the beam-end tests and previous research. The results show that, the development of concrete cracks is restricted due to the existence of stirrups, and the specimens tend to fail in pull-out failure with strong confinement of stirrups. With the increase in the lateral confinement level, the failure mode of specimens transits gradually and smoothly from splitting failure to pull-out failure. Meanwhile, the peak slip of specimens with splitting failure also increases, and its maximum value does not exceed the peak slip of the corresponding specimens with pull-out failure. The confining capacity of stirrups and concrete cover was unified by a proposed parameter K. Then, a bond stress-slip model based on parameter K was established to predict the bond behavior of ribbed GFRP bars.
Lifestyle-Related Behavior and Self-Reported Health Status Among Seventh-Day Adventists
Authors: Gashugi Leonard , Oh Jisoo , Mashchak Andrew , Fraser Gary
Published: June 2023

Longevity and lower incidence of chronic disease of Seventh-day Adventists in North America are well documented. Seventh-day Adventists, in general, follow healthy lifestyle compared to the general population even though there is some variation among themselves. The objective of our study was to assess the degree to which differences in adherence to the healthy lifestyle impacts self-reported health status. Our sample consisted of 58,866 individuals in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort recruited between 2002-2007 in the United States and Canada who answered the baseline questionnaire. In this study, we used a framework developed by Grossman to estimate health outcomes relative to behavior. Our data were based on self-reported health status, demographic and lifestyle questions, and ordered probit technique was used to measure the health investment equation. Our findings showed that lifestyles aligned with health principles of this group, particularly in nutrition, exercise, and restraint from tobacco, were associated with a higher reported health status. The predictions based on variables such as age and education were also validated in this group. Interaction between variables including race and gender show results similar to other findings. Our study shows that practices consistent with the group’s norms have higher probability of reporting excellent health.
Feel, Show, Tell: affect and legality in the trial as performance
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: June 2023

In this article I aim to rise to the bait thrown my way by Greta Olson where she posits ( From Law and Literature to Legality and Affect, p.121) that law-and-affect scholarship is anti-narrative, and provocatively imagines that I would shake my head and chuckle, asking what one is to do with the questions asked by scholarship on emotion and affect in actual legal practice. As one spending most of her time in judicial practice I am not only firmly convinced of the importance of narrative in law, what is more, I often have to steep myself in the legal effects of emotion and affect and ask what consequences they should have for the people involved. I will therefore consider the trial as a performance, i.e., a show trial in the positive sense that as a performance shows and tells that it has read well what is brought before the court.
Deficits of duration estimation in individuals aged 10–20 years old with idiopathic mild intellectual disability: The role of updating working memory
Authors: Gourlat Elsa , Rattat Anne-Claire , Valéry Benoît , Albinet Cédric
Published: June 2023

Duration estimation is a conceptual ability that plays a crucial role in human behaviour. Impairments in duration estimation ability have a significant impact on daily autonomy and social and cognitive capacities, even more so in psychological disorders. It has been recently shown that the ability to estimate durations develops at a slower pace in individuals with mild intellectual disability (MID) compared with typically developing (TD) individuals. More generally, it has been also demonstrated that duration estimation requires working memory updating. In this study, we compared the duration estimation and updating performances of individuals aged 10–20 years with idiopathic MID without associated disorders to those of typical individuals of the same ages ( N = 160). Our results highlight a developmental lag not only in the capacity to estimate short durations (<1 s) in individuals with idiopathic MID, both in a bisection task and in a reproduction task, but also in working memory updating capacity. The findings also emphasise—for the first time—the importance of updating for both the age-related increase in duration estimation capacities and the deficits of these capacities in idiopathic MID. This is consistent with the hypothesis that duration estimation deficits in idiopathic MID may be due, to a large extent, to lower updating abilities.
Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound thalamotomy for refractory neuropathic pain: a systematic review and critical appraisal of current knowledge
Authors: Taranta Valentina , Saporito Gennaro , Ornello Raffaele , Splendiani Alessandra , Bruno Federico , Sucapane Patrizia , Masciocchi Carlo , Marinangeli Franco , Cacchio Angelo , Di Cesare Ernesto , Pistoia Francesca
Published: June 2023

Background:

Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an innovative therapeutical approach for medically refractory tremor. It is currently under investigation for other neurological diseases including refractory neuropathic pain (NP).

Objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to analyze available evidence about the effectiveness and safety profile of MRgFUS in the treatment of refractory NP.

Methods:

Eligible studies were identified by searching published studies in PubMed and Scopus databases from inception to December 2022 and by identifying ongoing studies registered on the clinicaltrials.gov website. The study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021277154).

Results:

We found three published observational studies and nine ongoing studies. In published studies, the involved population ranged from 8 to 46 patients with overall 66 patients being included with NP or trigeminal neuralgia. The target lesion was in the posterior part of the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus, bilaterally. Outcomes were assessed at different times through the Visual Analog Scale, showing a variable degree of improvement. Adverse events were rare, mild, and transient (vertigo, paresthesias, and dysesthesias) with intracerebral bleeding being reported as major adverse event in one case only. Among ongoing studies, we found three prospective, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trials (RCTs) and six observational studies. Inclusion criteria are previous failure of more than three pharmacological treatments and NP duration longer than 6 months. The thalamus is the main proposed target and measured outcomes are accuracy of the procedure and pain relief, with a follow-up period ranging from 1 week to 1 year.

Conclusion:

This systematic review suggests that, although high-quality studies are lacking, available evidence endorses the effectiveness and safety of MRgFUS in the management of NP. Ongoing RCTs will provide more robust data to understand benefits and risks of the procedure.

Registration:

PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021277154)
Epidemiology of pediatric trauma and fractures during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Butler Liam R , Abbott Erin , Mengsteab Paulos , Dominy Calista L , Poeran Jashvant , Allen Abigail K , Ranade Sheena C
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Previous literature has shown decreases in pediatric trauma during the COVID-19 outbreak, but few have analyzed beyond the peak of the pandemic. This study assesses the epidemiology of pediatric trauma cases in a high-volume teaching hospital in New York City before, during, and after the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Institutional data on pediatric trauma orthopedic cases from January 1, 2018 to November 30, 2021 were extracted. The following time frames were studied: (1) April 1–June 22 in 2018 and 2019 (pre-pandemic), (2) April 1–June 22, 2020 (peak pandemic), and (3) April 1–June 22, 2021 (post-peak pandemic). Inferential statistics were used to compare patient and trauma characteristics.

Results:

Compared to the pre-pandemic cohort (n = 6770), the peak pandemic cohort (n = 828) had a greater proportion of fractures (p < 0.01) and had a significantly decreased overall traumas per week rate (p < 0.01) and fractures per week rate (p < 0.01). These decreased trauma (p < 0.01) and fracture rates (p < 0.01) persisted for the post-peak pandemic cohort (n = 2509). Spatial analysis identified zip code clusters throughout New York City with higher rates of emergency department presentation during the peak pandemic compared to pre-pandemic, and these areas aligned with lower-income neighborhoods.

Conclusion:

During the peak of the pandemic, overall trauma and fracture volumes decreased, the types of prevalent injuries changed, and neighborhoods of different economic resources were variably impacted. These trends have mostly persisted for 12 months post-peak pandemic. This longitudinal analysis helps inform and improve long-term critical care and public health resource allocation for the future.

Level of evidence:

Level III
Implementation of Self-Care Deficits Assessment and a Nurse-Led Supportive Education Program in Community Hospitals for Behavior Change and HbA1c Reduction: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Changsieng Piyanat , Pichayapinyo Panan , Lagampan Sunee , Lapvongwatana Punyarat
Published: June 2023

Background:

The prevalence of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes has been increasing, and the nurse is a primary healthcare provider to patients when health professionals are scarce in the community setting. A feasible intervention delivered by nurses is necessary to fulfill patients’ needs to help them achieve glycemic control.

Aim:

To investigate whether Thai adults with uncontrolled diabetes in community hospitals lack self-care competency and whether a nurse-led supportive education program can enhance their self-care skills, change behavior, and control HbA1C levels.

Methods:

We employed a multi-community hospital cluster randomized controlled trial design. Participants were randomly selected in the experimental group (2 hospitals) and control group (2 hospitals), with 30 patients from each hospital. One hundred twenty adults with HbA1c 7—10% treated by oral glycemic medication were recruited. Using Orem’s Theory as a framework, nurses implemented self-care deficit assessments and supportive-educative nursing programs into their work. Participants in the control group received usual care, and those in the experimental group underwent a nurse assessment and supportive education measures. Data were collected at baseline, with 4-week and 12-week follow-ups. Data analysis were a repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc analysis, and Independent t-test.

Results:

One hundred three patients completed the trial (51 in the experimental group and 52 in the control group). At 12 weeks, there were statistically significant improvements in HbA1c ( P < .001), fasting plasma glucose ( P = .03), knowledge ( P < .001), diabetes self-care agency ( P < .001), diet consumption ( P < .001), physical activity ( P < .001), and medical adherence ( P = .03) in the experimental group significantly greater than those in the control group. Also, the between-group effect sizes were 0.49 or greater.

Conclusion:

The self-care deficit assessment and supportive education program were essential to the nursing intervention that effectively improved knowledge, changed behavior, and HbA1c levels among adults with uncontrolled blood glucose.
Effect of Goods and Service Tax System on Business Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Bhalla Neba , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Kaur Inderjit
Published: June 2023

Tax and economy go hand in hand, and whenever any overhaul in tax structure takes place, it becomes essential to evaluate its effect on its sector and concerned businesses. The present study examines the effect of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) business performance. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 404 registered MSMEs. The partial least square equation modeling results emphasized an overall positive impact of GST on business performance. The path model demonstrated that determinants of GST- change in the tax system, technology transition, and tax awareness and knowledge have enhanced the performance in terms of ease of doing business, operational efficiency, and increased profitability and have reduced the working capital blockage of funds. However, in contrast, the GST compliance system has increased the compliance burden on the firms, which harmed their performance. Further, the study examined that MSMEs’ size, turnover, and form impact the performance through the GST compliance system of the enterprises. The results may benefit the policymakers and other emerging economies in focusing on the tax reform factors which enhance the performance leading to better economic growth in the future with the support of MSMEs’ better performance.

JEL Code: H20; M10; O33; C30
Examining the Importance of Motivation and Its Impact on Outcome Variables in the Context of Edible Insect Restaurant
Authors: Hwang Jinsoo , Kim Heather (Markham) , Kim Jinkyung Jenny
Published: June 2023

In order to enhance sales performance, it is very important to understand the motivation why consumers visit a restaurant. However, there is no research on motivation to visit edible insect restaurants. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the importance of such motivations in the context of an edible insect restaurant for the first time. First, the current study performed a principal components analysis in order to extract the motivation factors. The results showed that five factors were derived from 20 motivation items, which included (1) novel experience, (2) identity building, (3) sustainable source, (4) taste quality, and (5) nutritional value. In addition, the results from the structural equation modeling revealed that the four sub-dimensions of motivation except for identity building positively affect attitude. Lastly, the data analysis results indicated that attitude increased the intentions to visit and word-of-mouth intentions. The theoretical and managerial implications are presented in the latter part of this study, which are based on the statistical results.
Influence of Gender and Prior Education Intersectionality on Further Education Investments and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Reinwald Simon , Annen Silvia
Published: June 2023

The intersectionality framework allows for the combination of formerly additive individual characteristics into intersectional profiles of employees in order to prioritize and direct further education investments. A k-medoid technique creates these profiles from the large-scale sample of the German National Educational Panel Study. A specific heuristic links high percentile-training recipients to evolution in job satisfaction over a 5-year period. Women receive relatively high amounts of further education and training and seldom resign. With university degrees, they profit most from frequent training while it has the most negative influence on women with upper secondary education. Men with academic as well as vocational education range between those groups. The results indicate direct training for university-educated women, adaptation of the training and opportunities offer to women with secondary education as well as retention programs for frequent learners among university-educated men to improve job satisfaction and thus productivity in the workplace.
What Do Scholars Propose for Future COVID-19 Research in Academic Publications? A Topic Analysis Based on Autoencoder
Authors: Guo Lihuan , Wang Wei , Wu Yenchun Jim
Published: June 2023

To analyze the directions for future research suggested and to project future research plans, we extract relevant text from these publications with respect to COVID-19-related research based on 54,136 relevant academic journals published from the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in January 2020 until December 2020. First, we extract and preprocess the corpus and then determine that, according to the Elbow method, the optimal number of clusters is 7. Then, we construct a text clustering model based on an autoencoder, with the support of an artificial neural network. Distance measurements, such as correlation, cosine, Braycurtis, and Jaccard are compared, and the clustering results are evaluated with normal mutual information. The results show that cosine similarity has the best effect on clustering of COVID-19-related documents. A topic model analysis shows that the directions of future research can mainly be grouped into the following seven categories: infectivity testing, genome analysis, vaccine testing, diagnosis and infection characteristics, pandemic management, nursing care, and clinical testing. Among them, the topics of pandemic management, diagnosis and infection characteristics, and clinical testing trended upward in proportion to future directions. The topic of vaccine testing remains steady over the observation window, whereas other topics (infectivity testing, genome analysis, and nursing care) slowly trended downward. Among all the topics, medical research comprises 80%, and about 20% of the topics are related to public management, government functions, and economic development. This study enriches our scientific understanding of COVID-19 and helps us to effectively predict future scientific research output on COVID-19.
Arguing With Friends vs. Romantic Partners: Do Emerging Adults’ Gender-Typed Conflict Management Strategies Vary by Sexual Orientation?
Authors: Keener Emily , Milo Julia , Kotvas Kourtney
Published: June 2023

We experimentally investigated the influence of sexual orientation, gender, relationship type, and partner gender on emerging adults’ gender-typed conflict management strategies. Our 2 Participant Gender (between-subjects) x 2 Sexual Orientation (between-subjects) x 3 Relationship Context (within-subjects) mixed factorial design addressed whether findings of prior research (Keener & Strough, 2017) with heterosexual emerging adults generalized to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer/Questioning (LGBQ) men and women. Participants ( N = 227; LBQ women = 49; GBQ men = 33; heterosexual women = 70; heterosexual men = 75) were emerging adults from the United States. They read hypothetical conflict scenarios and rated their likelihood of using communal/other-focused or agentic/self-focused strategies. Endorsement of agentic strategies varied depending on sexual orientation, participant gender, and relationship type. However, endorsement of communal strategies only varied by participant gender and relationship type. Our findings support social contextual developmental approaches emphasizing that individual and contextual factors interact to influence gender-typed behavior.
Bans on women's voting: An intersection of caste, gender, and class in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Rizwan , Yousaf Farhan Navid , Ahmed Akhlaq , Akbar Muhammad Siddique , Asif Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Pakistan ranks lowest in women's vote-casting turnout on the global gender gap index in South Asia. Political participation of women is consistently low and there is a quite obvious gender gap in voting throughout Pakistan's constituencies. One of the most important reasons behind this gap in voter turnout is the informal bans on women to cast their votes. This qualitative study unpacks the interplay of caste, patriarchy, and normative stances of Pakistani society to understand bans on women's vote-casting rights. The researchers argue that caste pride intersects gender and class in a dominantly patriarchal socio-political environment and prevents women to cast their votes. In the light of findings, the study also suggests a few constructive measures for authorities to sort out this burning issue in Punjab.
A Study on Agrarian Economy in the Hills of Manipur with Special Reference to Thadou-Kuki Ethnic Group
Authors: Guite Seitinmang , Sharma Hanjabam Isworchandra
Published: June 2023

Jhum-based agriculture has been the dominant mode of economic activity in terms of production and livelihoods for tribal people of Manipur. Thadou tribe has the highest population among all the tribes in Manipur, and their economy has been characterised by jhumming. But in recent times there has been a significant change in the way, these tribes practice their economic activities and livelihoods. The study is based on 15 villages of four different sub-divisions of three hill districts of Manipur where Thadou-Kukis are settled in large numbers. The study seeks to understand the occupational patterns of Thadou-Kuki group and the nature of its agrarian economy using village level data. The study finds that the occupational patterns of this group are changing and they are giving up jhum-based paddy cultivation for other cash crops and non-agricultural sectors. Settled cultivation is practiced widespread but due to the non-application of modern inputs, there has been a huge shortage of rice. Agricultural diversification is taking place in jhum area and there are inter-regional variations in the way the villages practice diversification. Some villages are growing poppy in a large scale and some high-value crops like ginger, king chilly and sesame. The nature of Thadou-Kuki agrarian economy is no more a homogenous one; it is now more of a differentiated agrarian economy. The state of the agrarian economy in the surveyed villages indicates a transitional flux where there is a huge food grain deficit and at the same time diversification is not taking smoothly.
Recovery After Hip Arthroscopy in Patients With Combined Femoroacetabular Impingement and Labral Tears Compared With Isolated Pathology
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Kim Jung Shin , Moon Nam Hoon , Woo Seung Hun , Park Chankue , Shin Won Chul
Published: June 2023

Background:

Outcomes for patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) treated with hip arthroscopy can differ depending on whether there is underlying intra-articular pathology.

Purpose:

To evaluate the outcomes of patients after undergoing hip arthroscopy depending on their underlying pathology (isolated FAI, isolated labral tear, or combined FAI and a labral tear) using the 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT–12).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 75 patients diagnosed with FAI with or without labral tears and isolated labral tears who underwent hip arthroscopy performed by the same surgeon at a single institution from January 2014 to December 2019 were included in this study. All patients had at least 2 years of follow-up data. Patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: patients with FAI and an intact labrum; patients with an isolated labral tear; and patients with combined FAI and a labral tear. The iHOT–12 scores at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18, and >24 months postoperatively were compared and analyzed. Outcome scores were also evaluated in terms of the substantial clinical benefit (SCB) and the patient-acceptable symptomatic state (PASS).

Results:

Of 75 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy, 14 had FAI, 23 had labral tears, and 38 had both. All groups showed significant improvements on the iHOT–12 from preoperative to the final follow-up (FAI, from 37.64 ± 3.77 to 93.64 ± 1.50; labral tear, from 33.70 ± 3.55 to 93 ± 1.24; combined, from 28.55 ± 3.15 to 93.03 ± 0.88) ( P < .001 for all). However, compared with other groups, the patients with FAI and a labral tear had lower scores at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively ( P < .001), highlighting a slower rate of recovery. For all groups, recovery to normal function according to the SCB was 100% at 12 months, and satisfaction according to the PASS was 100% at 18 months postoperatively.

Conclusion:

The final iHOT–12 scores were similar at 18 months regardless of the pathology treated; however, patients with FAI and a labral tear took longer to reach their plateau.
Roles, Relationships, Resources, and Renal Exchange: Applying Social Capital Theory to Role Effects on Living Kidney Donation Behaviors
Authors: Daw Jonathan , Verdery Ashton M.
Published: June 2023

Two largely separate schools of sociological theory seek to explain to whom we turn in times of need. The first argues that we turn to network members who occupy socially important roles, highlighting how support behaviors cluster in certain social roles (i.e., role effects). The second argues that we turn to network members possessing relevant resources and with whom we have strong ties. The authors unite these perspectives, examining how role effects on living kidney donation behavior are explained by role groups’ endowments of situationally relevant resources and tie strength. The authors analyze two original data sets: a sample of kidney transplantation patients reporting on their social networks ( n = 70 patients and 1,421 ties) and a separate sample surveying kidney disease patients’ family members ( n = 1,560). The authors find that role effects on living kidney donation behavior are largely explained by the conjunction of relevant resources and tie strength, which offers several key lessons for medical support-seeking research.
The politics of heritage and place-making in Tanmen, China
Authors: Wu Chenhui
Published: June 2023

Heritage is both embroiled in, and constituted by, complex, intertwined and contradictory processes. Using ethnographic research, the paper illustrates how heritage-making driven by the Authorised Heritage Discourse (AHD) intersects with socio-spatial and economic processes of place-making in China. The findings reveal the complex, entangled relationship between heritage and place in which elite and non-elite groups participate and interact. Local heritage of Tanmen is active, power-laden and intersects with political, social and economic affairs and expectations, not least to support Chinese sovereignty claims over the South China Sea. This analysis reveals the interplay in Chinese top-down and bottom-up heritage-making processes, in which elite groups tend to dominate by means of ICH policies and local residents tend to internalise the AHD in an attempt to reap benefits or reputation from it. The paper argues that there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between the nation-state and the local in the heritagisation process of local heritage, that works to add a scenario to the multifaceted relationship between places at different scales in heritage literature. Politically charged heritage-making processes, including re-narrativisation, commercialisation and reworking memories, are explored in terms of their impact and intersection with the local place regarding issues of identity, memory, economy and the street landscape. Overall, this paper provides a case study that seeks to understand a specific version of the AHD that reflects Chinese policies, ideologies and aspirations. It aims to reveal the intersection of heritage-making with place-making, to help comprehend the complex, intwined concepts of heritage, power and place in a non-Western society.
Arthroscopic Repair of a 360° Labrum and Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear After Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Nammour Michael , Arner Justin W. , Eads Ryan , Bradley James P.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Rotator cuff tears after anterior shoulder instability are more common in patients >40 years of age and rare in younger patients where shoulder instability is most common. Although infrequent, little data exist on the evaluation of combined labral and rotator cuff tears in athletes.

Indications:

Combined rotator cuff and labral tears in the young patient population have a high risk of recurrent instability and require unique intraoperative and postoperative considerations. This patient is a Division 1 collegiate wrestler who sustained a 360° labral and full-thickness rotator cuff tear after an acute traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.

Technique Description:

The lateral decubitus position is utilized and a posterior viewing portal is established along with anterior and accessory lateral portals. The 360° labral tear is first addressed by appropriately preparing the glenoid creating a quality healing surface. Tape sutures are then utilized to perform a knotless anterior labral repair. The superior labrum, anterior to posterior (SLAP) and then posterior labral repair are sequentially performed. The posterior portal is closed with a polydioxanone (PDS) suture to prevent a stress riser in the capsule. The rotator cuff tear is then repaired in a knotless double row configuration after appropriate greater tuberosity preparation.

Results:

Recent studies evaluating athletes with combined rotator cuff and labral pathology who underwent arthroscopic repair reported 90% good to excellent satisfaction with 77% returning to pre-injury level of athletics. Although few studies have evaluated combined labral and rotator cuff repair and concerns with stiffness exist, the current literature and the authors own experience have found good outcomes following single-stage repair.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Combined labral and rotator cuff tears after anterior shoulder dislocation in the young athletic population are rare and can be challenging to treat. Although there is limited data on these combined injuries in young athletic populations, the current literature and authors’ experience support single stage surgical treatment of combined labral and rotator cuff tears which typically result in improved patient reported outcomes and return to sport.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Research on bike-sharing travel behavior: A review of the Chinese language literature
Authors: Li Shaoying , Zhuang Caigang , Guo Entong , Liang Konghua , Liang Shi
Published: June 2023

In recent years, with the development of information technology and the promotion of low-carbon concept, bike-sharing has gradually emerged in Chinese cities and become one of the daily travel modes for residents. Meanwhile, the research on bike-sharing travel behavior has become a hot topic in the field of urban transportation planning. However, due to the language barrier, relevant Chinese language literature is often neglected in the existing studies. To fill this gap, this paper provided a review of the Chinese literature that examines bike-sharing travel behaviors. Through bibliometric analysis, we found that recent papers in this area focused on the spatiotemporal characteristics, influencing factors and demand forecasting of bike-sharing trips. Further, we summarized the new data and methods adopted and the main findings obtained in these researches. In response to the current status of relevant studies, we concluded our insights on planning for a low-carbon cycling environment. Finally, we suggest that future directions should include the mining of socio-economic attributes of individual bike-sharing users, the influence of humanistic perception factors on bike-sharing trips, and the bike-sharing travel behavior in the post-pandemic era in China.
Teaching Independent Decision-Making Through a Computer-Based Drug Utilization Review Simulation
Authors: Peddi Apryl N. , Eukel Heidi N. , Meyer Brittney A. , Caldas Lauren M.
Published: June 2023

Background: Drug utilization review (DUR) skills are important for pharmacists across all settings. Computer-based DUR simulations to teach student pharmacists are currently scarce. This article describes a computer-based DUR simulation that required limited faculty and financial resources and was implemented in collaboration among 3 institutions. Objective: To describe the innovation of a computer-based DUR simulation and its impact on pharmacy students’ knowledge and confidence of DUR skills. Methods: This pre-post educational study assessed a computer-based DUR simulation that replicated the DUR process in dispensing systems. First- and third-year pharmacy students at 3 institutions were guided through simulated patient cases with various medication-related problems. The self-paced activity provided students with immediate, formative feedback and rationale for each option after an attempt was made in lieu of faculty intervention. Students completed pre-and post-assessments to evaluate changes in knowledge and confidence. Knowledge was assessed by comparing results of multiple choice and matching questions on the pre- and post-assessments. Confidence was assessed by the change in self-reported confidence scale measurements. Results: Students at all institutions (N = 405) had nonsignificant changes in knowledge scores from the pre-assessment to the post-assessment, with the exception of 1 question. All confidence survey questions significantly improved from pre- to post-assessment. Conclusion: The DUR educational innovation had a nonsignificant overall impact on students’ knowledge but significantly improved confidence in their abilities. Skills-based instruction provides additional practice to increase student confidence.
Comparative genomics analysis of WAK/WAKL family in Rosaceae identify candidate WAKs involved in the resistance to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Wang Zicheng , Ma Yuan , Chen Meng , Da Lingling , Su Zhen , Zhang Zhao , Liu Xintong
Published: June 2023

Background

Wall associated kinase (WAK) and WAK-like (WAKL) are typical pattern recognition receptors act as the first sentry of plant defense. But little of WAK/WAKL family is known in Rosaceae.

Results

In this study, 131 WAK/WAKL genes from apple, peach and strawberry were identified using a bioinformatics approach. Together with 68 RcWAK/RcWAKL in rose, we performed a comparative analysis of 199 WAK/WAKL in four Rosaceae crops. The phylogenetic analysis divided all the WAK/WAKL into five clades. Among them, the cis-elements of Clade II and Clade V promoters were enriched in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and abiotic stress, respectively. And this can also be verified by the rose transcriptome responding to different hormone treatments. WAK/WAKL families have experienced a considerable proportion of purifying selection during evolution, but still 26 amino acid sites evolved under positive selection, which focused on extracellular conserved domains. WAK/WAKL genes presented collinearity relationship within and between crops, throughout four crops we mined four orthologous groups (OGs). The WAK/WAKL genes in OG1 and OG4 were speculated to involve in plant-Botrytis cinerea interaction, which were validated in rose via VIGS as well as strawberry by qRT-PCR.

Conclusions

These results not only provide genetic resources and valuable information for the evolutionary relationship of WAK/WAKL gene family, but also offer a reference for future in-depth studies of Rosaceae WAK/WAKL genes.
Association between medication literacy and medication adherence and the mediating effect of self-efficacy in older people with multimorbidity
Authors: Wang Wenna , Luan Wenyan , Zhang Zhenxiang , Mei Yongxia
Published: June 2023

Background

Multimorbidity has a significant impact on public health and primary care. Medication adherence is recognized as the most effective measure for managing and preventing multimorbidity. Studies have shown that medication literacy has a positive effect on medication adherence in patients with multimorbidity. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the underlying mechanisms of this relationship in older adults with multimorbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the association between medication literacy and medication adherence in this population.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method to survey older patients with multimorbidity in six communities in Zhengzhou, China, from July 12, 2021, to December 15, 2021. Participants were assessed using a demographic questionnaire, the Chinese Version of the Medication Literacy Scale (C-MLS), the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS), and the Chinese Version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (C-MMAS-8). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation analysis.

Results

A total of 350 elderly patients met the inclusion criteria, and 328 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the participants was 74.90 ± 7.37 years, with a slightly higher proportion of males (55.8%) than females (44.2%). The mean score for medication adherence was 4.85 ± 1.57, indicating poor medication adherence among the participants. Medication adherence scores varied significantly among participants of different ages, education levels, employment statuses and kinds of medication (p < 0.01). Scores for medication literacy and self-efficacy showed a significant positive correlation with medication adherence scores (all p < 0.001). The standardized coefficient for the total effect and direct effect of medication literacy on medication adherence was 0.268 (95% CI: 0.201, 0.335) and 0.187 (95% CI: 0.123, 0.252), respectively. After introducing self-efficacy into the model, the standardized coefficient for the indirect effect was 0.081 (95% CI: 0.049, 0.120), indicating that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between medication literacy and medication adherence, accounting for 30.22% of the total effect.

Conclusion

This study might suggest that medication literacy indirectly affected medication adherence in older people with multimorbidity through self-efficacy. Health care providers should be aware of the importance of improving medication literacy and implement strategies aimed at increasing self-efficacy to achieve the goal of improving medication adherence in older adults with multimorbidity.
Effect of ultrasound parameters of benign thyroid nodules on radiofrequency ablation efficacy
Authors: Motaghed Zahra , Chegeni Hossein , Mosadeghkhah Ali , Azimi Aval Mohammadreza , Gerami Reza , Ebrahiminik Hojat
Published: June 2023

Background and aim

Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive therapy for thyroid nodules (TNs). Understanding the determinants of RFA efficacy can improve treatment and prognosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ultrasound parameters of benign TNs and the efficacy of RFA.

Methods

A pretest–posttest interventional study was conducted in 2021 on 250 randomly sampled patients with benign TNs, receiving RFA. For this purpose, the volume reduction (VR) and the VR ratio (VRR) of the nodules were measured at the 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up periods after the RFA completion. The technical success rate (TSR) of this procedure was then categorized into four states, including low (VRR < 25%), moderate (VRR = 25–49%), high (VRR = 50–74%), and very high (VRR ≥ 75). Ordered logistic regression (OLR) was further utilized to investigate the effect of the ultrasound parameters of TNs on the TSR. The analyses were notably performed using Stata 14.2.

Results

The VRR at the 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up periods were 38.7%, 53.6%, 59.3%, and 59.9%, respectively. The mean VR was also statistically significant at all follow-ups (p < 0.001). At the 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up periods, the VR of over 50% was observed in 28.2%, 52.1%, and 65.2% of the nodules, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) of the RFA success were found to be 4.3 times higher for the nodules in the left lobe compared to the right lobe (OR: 4.31, p = 0.002), 6.3 times greater for isoechoic nodules compared to hyperechoic nodules (OR: 6.39, p < 0.001), 6.2 times higher for hyper-vascular nodules compared to hypo-vascular nodules (OR: 6.25, p = 0.005), and 2.3 times greater for mixed nodules compared to solid ones (OR: 2.37, p = 0.049).

Conclusion

The ultrasound parameters of TNs had a statistically significant effect on the efficacy of RFA. Small-sized, isoechoic, and hyper-vascular nodules, as well as those with mixed tissue, were observed to respond better to RFA, leading to a better prognosis in terms of VR after treatment.
Microangiopathy in multiple myeloma: a case of carfilzomib-induced secondary thrombotic microangiopathy successfully treated with plasma exchange and complement inhibition
Authors: Catanese Lorenzo , Link Katharina , Rupprecht Harald
Published: June 2023

Background

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a potentially organ and life-threatening condition affecting patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Cases of proteasome inhibitor-induced TMA and specifically carfilzomib-induced TMA have been rarely reported and standards for diagnostic workup and treatment are not available.

Case presentation

We describe a case of a male MM patient under salvage therapy including proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib following chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. The patient then developed acute kidney injury with clinical and laboratory signs of TMA. Hemodialysis became necessary and treatment with plasma exchange was initiated followed by therapy with C5 complement inhibitor eculizumab which led to amelioration of kidney function and hemolysis parameters.

Conclusion

We report a patient with suspected proteasome inhibitor-induced secondary thrombotic microangiopathy that has been successfully treated with plasma exchange and eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting complement factor C5.
Regulon analysis identifies protective FXR and CREB5 in proximal tubules in early diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Shi Wanting , Le Weibo , Tang Qiaoli , Shi Shaolin , Shi Jingsong
Published: June 2023

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms underlying early kidney damage in DKD remain poorly understood. In this study, we used single nucleus RNA-seq to construct gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in the kidney cortex of patients with early DKD. By comparing these networks with those of healthy controls, we identify cell type-specific changes in genetic regulation associated with diabetic status. The regulon activities of FXR (NR1H4) and CREB5 were found to be upregulated in kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells (PCTs), which were validated using immunofluorescence staining in kidney biopsies from DKD patients. In vitro experiments using cultured HK2 cells showed that FXR and CREB5 protected cells from apoptosis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Our findings suggest that FXR and CREB5 may be promising targets for early intervention in patients with DKD.