bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in New South Wales, Australia: A Data Linkage Study of Three Routinely Collected Datasets
Authors: Nielsen Timothy C. , Nassar Natasha , Boulton Kelsie A. , Guastella Adam J. , Lain Samantha J.
Published: January 2023

Routinely collected data help estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in jurisdictions without active autism surveillance. We created a population-based cohort of 1,211,834 children born in 2002–2015 in New South Wales, Australia using data linkage. Children with ASD were identified in three datasets – disability services, hospital admissions, and ambulatory mental health data. The prevalence of ASD in the cohort was 1.3% by age 12 and prevalence at age 6 increased an average of 4.1% per year (95% Confidence Interval, 3.3%, 4.8%). Most children with ASD were identified in disability services data (87%), although data linkage identified 1,711 additional cases that were more likely female, older at first contact, and living in major cities and less disadvantaged areas.
The Wanderer and the Legacy of Pathetic Fallacy
Authors: Soper Harriet
Published: January 2023

The Old English poem known asThe Wandererhas long been said to rely on the device of ‘pathetic fallacy’ in its descriptions of stormy and frozen land- and seascapes. This piece of literary-critical terminology has strong ties to both Romantic and realist aesthetic ideals of the nineteenth century, and this paper outlines the assumptions which underpin the term and questions our continued use of it when discussingThe Wanderer. By pointing us towards the external world as a projection of the interior psychological world of the ‘wanderer’ figure, the term obscures two key features of the text. Firstly, the label sweeps to the side the literal significance of the material world to which the poem’s central speaker responds, despite the fact that this landscape bears marks of divine anger and potency and seems to participate in the Augustinian tradition of the degraded Sixth Age of the World. Secondly, the term points us towards a dramatic characterisation of a single heroic-age nobleman in a manner that the text is itself relatively uninterested in pursuing, instead emphasising conditions of exile, isolation, and despair as universalised spiritual problems. Seeing this poem as governed by pathetic fallacy distracts us from such facets, when other interpretive frameworks have more to offer.
Adsorption air conditioning: a comprehensive review in desiccant materials, system progress, and recent studies on different configurations of hybrid solid desiccant air conditioning systems
Authors: Abdelgaied Mohamed , Saber Mohamed A. , Bassuoni Mohamed Mahgoub , Khaira Ahmed M.
Published: January 2023

The desiccant air conditioning system has multiple advantages (e.g., no use of ozone-depleting refrigerants, highly efficient moisture control, easy regenerative integration) over traditional vapor-compression refrigeration systems, thus increasingly attracting more research interest. Recently, several studies have been conducted that primarily aimed to enhance the overall performance of desiccant air conditioners by innovating new desiccant materials, innovating new system configurations and improving system designs and controls, and integrating different hybrid energy sub-systems technologies. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the studies mentioned earlier. The present comprehensive review dealt with several axes: first, an overview of the importance of using desiccant air conditioners and their operations, and performance indicators. Second, a summary statement for desiccant materials that includes: the new innovative desiccant materials and the most important composite desiccant materials. Third, detailed information on the newest innovative designs and configurations of desiccant air conditioning systems and their control systems. Fourth, a detailed statement on the most important hybrid energy sub-systems technologies integrated with desiccant air conditioners. Based on the latest developments in desiccant air conditioning systems, this study presents discussions of urgent issues and recommendations for future work that can help focus necessary efforts to find solutions to critical and pending problems, which lead to further improvements in the overall performance of desiccant air conditioners.
Patterns and Predictors of Heroin Use, Remission, and Psychiatric Health Among People with Heroin Dependence: Key Findings from the 18–20-Year Follow-Up of the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS)
Authors: Marel Christina , Wilson Jack , Darke Shane , Ross Joanne , Slade Tim , Haber Paul S. , Haasnoot Katherine , Visontay Rachel , Keaveny Madeleine , Tremonti Chris , Mills Katherine L. , Teesson Maree
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to investigate the long-term patterns and predictors of heroin use, dependence, and psychiatric health over 18–20 years among a cohort of Australians with heroin dependence, using a prospective longitudinal cohort study conducted in Sydney, Australia. The original cohort consisted of 615 participants, who were followed up at 3 months and 1, 2, 3, 11, and 18–20 years post-baseline; 401 (65.2%) were re-interviewed at 18–20 years. The Australian Treatment Outcome Study structured interview with established psychometric properties was administered to participants at each follow-up, addressing demographics, treatment and drug use history, overdose, crime, and physical and mental health. Overall, 96.7% completed at least one follow-up interview. At 18–20 years, 109 participants (17.7%) were deceased. Past-month heroin use decreased significantly over the study period (from 98.7 to 24.4%), with one in four using heroin at 18–20 years. Just under half were receiving treatment. Reductions in heroin use were accompanied by reductions in heroin dependence, other substance use, needle sharing, injection-related health, overdose, crime, and improvements in general physical and mental health. Major depression and borderline personality disorder (BPD) were consistently associated with poorer outcome. At 18–20 years, there is strong evidence that clinically significant levels of improvement can be maintained over the long term. The mortality rate over 18–20 years was devastating, with over one in six participants deceased. More sustained and targeted efforts are needed in relation to major depression and BPD to ensure evidence-based treatments are delivered to people with heroin dependence.
Care and Complexity in Emergency Housing: an Examination of the COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place (SIP) Hotel Program to House People Experiencing Homelessness in San Francisco
Authors: Abbs Elizabeth , Schoenfeld Naomi , Lai Mason , Satterwhite Shannon , Zhou Sara , Bamberger Joshua , Zevin Barry
Published: January 2023

In this study, we consider the patient, provider, and public health repercussions of San Francisco’s (SF) COVID-related response to homelessness using tourist hotels to house people experiencing homelessness (PEH). We describe the demographics, medical comorbidities, and healthcare utilization patterns of a subset of PEH who accessed the shelter-in-place (SIP) hotel sites during the 2020–2021 pandemic. We focus on how SIP hotels impacted connection to outpatient care and higher-cost emergency utilization. Our mixed methods study integrates qualitative and quantitative data to consider the impact of this temporary housing initiative among a medically complex cohort in a time of increased morbidity and mortality related to substance use. We found that temporary SIP housing increased outpatient care and reduced higher-cost hospital utilization. Our results can inform the future design and implementation of integrated supportive housing models to reduce mortality and promote wellness for PEH.
Wake flow field of a wall-mounted pipe with spoiler on a rough channel bed
Authors: Devi Kalpana , Mishra Shivam , Hanmaiahgari Prashanth Reddy , Pu Jaan H.
Published: January 2023

This research work focuses on the wake flow region of a cylinder with a spoiler on a rough bed under steady flow conditions. The acoustic Doppler velocimetry was used for the measurement of three-dimensional velocity data for two Reynolds numbers in a fully developed turbulent flow around the cylinder with a spoiler. The mean flow velocities, second-order turbulence structures, and conditional statistics were investigated in the wake region of the spoilered cylinder. The flow was separated from the spoiler with the formation of two shear layers between free surface flow and recirculating flow. It is observed that the flow is reattaching to the bed at 11D irrespective of the Reynolds number. Downstream of the cylinder, the mean velocity distributions are asymmetric due to the wall–wake effect, and the point of inflection is observed for each velocity profile at z = 0.40ẟ. The turbulence intensities, Reynolds stresses, and TKE are highly enhanced in the wake region of the cylinder as compared to their respective upstream values for both runs. The turbulence intensities, Reynolds normal stresses, Reynolds shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy are attaining peaks at z = 0.4 ẟ for all the streamwise locations, and the peaks are found to be highest at x = 10D. The quadrant analysis results indicate that the sweeps are dominating bursting events in the inner and intermediate layers, while ejections are dominating in the outer layer of the wake region. As the hole size, H increases ejections stress fraction rises as compared to that of the sweeps in the wake region for z = 0.2–0.7 h.
Association between PaO2/FiO2 ratio and thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Loffredo Lorenzo , Pignatelli Pasquale , Pirro Matteo , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Oliva Alessandra , Maggio Enrico , Cancelli Francesca , D’Ardes Damiano , Amitrano Maria , Zicari Anna Maria , Cinicola Bianca Laura , Taliani Gloria , Cangemi Roberto , Lichtner Miriam , Falcone Marco , Orlando Federica , Pugliese Francesco , Venditti Mario , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Violi Francesco ,   COVID-Group, D’Agostino Fausto , Agrò Felice Eugenio , Mattei Alessia , Tibullo Loredana , Nunziata Maria Grazia , Iorio Valeria , Iuliano Natalia , Mangiacapra Sara , Raimondo Mariangela , Atteno Mariangela , Ferri Claudio , Grassi Davide , Desideri Giovambattista , Abballe Stefano , Dell’Isola Serena , Rocco Monica , Alampi Daniela , Del Borgo Cosmo , Bianconi Vanessa , Mannarino Massimo Raffaele , Figorilli Filippo , Fallarino Alessia , Palumbo Ilaria Maria , Pannunzio Arianna , Magna Arianna , Bagnato Chiara , Alfano Alba Rosa
Published: January 2023

PaO2/FiO2 (P/F ratio) is considered a marker of hypoxia/hypoxemia and mortality. Several prothrombotic changes are associated with the decrease of P/F ratio. The role of P/F ratio in patients with arterial and venous thrombosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the association between P/F ratio and arterial/venous thrombosis. One thousand and four hundred and six COVID-19 patients were recruited; 289 (21%) patients had P/F ratio < 200 and 1117 (79%) ≥ 200. Compared to the patients with P/F ratio ≥ 200, those with P/F ratio < 200 were older and with higher levels of glycemia, D–dimer and lower levels of albumin. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that albumin (standardized coefficient β:  0.156; SE: 0.001; p = 0.0001) and D–dimer (standardized coefficient β: -0.135; SE: 0.0001; p = 0.0001) were associated with P/F ratio. During the hospitalization 159 patients were transferred in intensive care unit (ICU), 253 patients died, 156 patients had arterial or venous thrombotic events. A bivariate logistic analysis was performed to analyze the predictors of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients; P/F ratio < 200 (Odds Ratio: [OR] 1.718, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.085–2.718, p = 0.021), albumin (OR 1.693, 95% CI 1.055–2.716, p = 0.029), D-dimer (OR 3.469, 95% CI 2.110–5.703, p < 0.0001), coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR 1.800, 95% CI 1.086–2.984, p = 0.023) and heart failure (OR 2.410 95% CI 1.385–4.193, p = 0.002) independently predicted thrombotic events in this population. This study suggests that the P/F ratio is associated with thrombotic events by promoting a hypercoagulation state in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
Unwissenheit schützt vor Strafe nicht
Authors: Körner André , Yegane Arani Azade A. O. , Bussweiler Julia , Lehmann Robert J. B.
Published: January 2023

Herstellung, Besitz und Verbreitung von kinderpornografischem Material (besser „child sexual exploitation material“, CSEM) stellt in Deutschland einen Straftatbestand dar und ist stark im öffentlichen Fokus. Laut Bundeskriminalamt haben sich die aufgedeckten Straftaten in diesem Bereich in den letzten Jahren dramatisch erhöht. Nach einer Gesetzesreform aus dem Jahr 2021 wurden sämtliche diesbezügliche Handlungsvarianten zum Verbrechen hochgestuft. Im Sinne universeller und selektiver Präventionsansätze ist daher wichtig, frühzeitig auf mögliche Risiken bei CSEM-Delikten hinzuweisen. Erste internationale Daten belegen, dass das Rechtswissen in diesem Bereich sehr unsicher ist. Außerdem werden Frauen als Täterinnen bisher wenig beachtet. In einer vignettenbasierten Online-Studie befragten wir 407 Personen zu ihrem CSEM-Rechtswissen. Zusätzlich erfassten wir die Gefährlichkeitsschätzungen sowie die emotionalen Reaktionen gegenüber den beschriebenen Tatverdächtigen (männlich vs. weiblich). Wie auch international zeigt sich für die deutsche Stichprobe eine große Unsicherheit für bestimmte CSEM-Delikte. Die beschriebenen Tatverdächtigen werden überwiegend als gefährlich eingeschätzt, besonders für Kinder und Jugendliche. Frauen als Täterinnen werden weniger gefährlich eingeschätzt und erhalten weniger negative Reaktionen als ihre männlichen Pendants. Wir diskutieren die Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund weiterer möglicher Präventionsansätze und der Überlastung der Behörden im Zusammenhang mit dem Anstieg der CSEM-Delikte.
Biomarkers of hepatocellular synthesis in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Gurbuz Berivan , Guldiken Nurdan , Reuken Philipp , Fu Lei , Remih Katharina , Preisinger Christian , Brůha Radan , Leníček Martin , Petrtýl Jaromír , Reissing Johanna , Aly Mahmoud , Fromme Malin , Zhou Biaohuan , Karkossa Isabel , Schubert Kristin , von Bergen Martin , Stallmach Andreas , Bruns Tony , Strnad Pavel
Published: January 2023

Background and aim

Since hepatocytes produce majority of serum proteins, patients with cirrhosis display substantial alterations in the serum proteome. The aim of the current study was to characterize these changes and to study the prognostic utility of hepatocellular proteins available in routine clinical testing.

Methods

Sera from 29 healthy controls and 43 patients with cirrhosis were subjected to untargeted proteomic analysis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed with Perseus software and R. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) suggested upstream regulators that were validated in liver tissues. The behavior and prognostic usefulness of selected biomarkers was investigated in 61 controls and 285 subjects with decompensated cirrhosis.

Results

Proteomics uncovered 65 and 16 hepatocellular serum proteins that are significantly downregulated or upregulated in patients with cirrhosis vs. controls. Hierarchical clustering revealed two main clusters and six sub-clusters. IPA identified HNF4α and IL-6 as the two major upstream regulators that were confirmed by hepatic gene expression analyses. Among pseudocholinesterase, transferrin, transthyretin, albumin, and apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI), Apo-AI was the best predictor of 90-days transplant-free survival (AUROC 0.678; p = 0.0001) and remained an independent predictor in multivariable Cox independently of the presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Conclusion

Our study reveals cirrhosis-associated changes in hepatocellular serum proteins and underlying transcription factors. Serum apolipoprotein AI may constitute a useful prognostic adjunct in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Graphical abstract
Sandwich-like construction of a new aminated chitosan Schiff base for efficient removal of Congo red
Authors: Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , Ayoup Mohammed Salah , Omer Ahmed M. , Hammad Eman Nasr , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S.
Published: January 2023

Herein, a novel sandwich-like α-ketoglutaric acid Schiff base-aminated chitosan composite (α-kGl-AmCsSB) was fabricated by reacting α-ketoglutaric acid and aminated chitosan. The as-fabricated α-kGl-AmCsSB was inspected by diversified characterization tools to determine its morphology, surface charge, and chemical composition as well as define the linkage pathway between α-kGl and AmCs. The SEM images demonstrated a spongy network of AmCs with interconnected pores structure which turned to a quite rough surface due to the linkage of α-kGl to the free amine groups of AmCs. Notably, the XPS and FTIR spectra suggested the linkage of α-kGl to the amine group of AmCs. The experimental results implied the superior adsorption efficiency of Congo red (CR) onto α-kGl-AmCsSB since the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) reached 434.78 mg/g at 25 °C and pH 3. Based on kinetics data, the adsorption of CR on α-kGl-AmCsSB followed pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, D-R model infers that the CR adsorption onto α-kGl-AmCsSB occurred via physical interactions since the E value < 8 kJ/mol. The recyclability test was implemented for five cycles with R% > 72%. More importantly, the adsorption mechanism of CR onto α-kGl-AmCsSB was proposed and discussed. Ultimately, the novel sandwich-like α-kGl-AmCsSB exhibited advanced adsorption performance toward CR along with excellent reusability. Based on these results, we recommend more modifications on α-kGl-AmCsSB for exploiting its remarkable advantages and applying it on a large scale.
Use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a support media for trickling filters applied to wastewater treatment
Authors: Paixão Filho Jorge Luiz da , Portela Daniella Gonçalves , da Silva Carlos Isaque , de Oliveira Gabriel Camargo , Tonetti Adriano Luiz
Published: January 2023

Developing countries demand a sewage treatment plant with low-cost processes that are viable in warm climates. The UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) associated with the trickling filter (TF) would meet this requirement. However, there is still a need for studies aimed at the use of new support media. Based on this, the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a support media in TF was evaluated in this study. As a result, the TF filled with EPS presented a final effluent with quality similar to reactors filled with crushed stone or patented materials. The density of EPS (6.56 ± 0.30 kg m−3), the void ratio (61.7 ± 2.1%), and the mean surface area (201.9 ± 14.9 m2 m−3) once again demonstrate that EPS has characteristics similar to other alternative or patented materials. Therefore, we found that EPS can be another alternative material to be used in sewage treatment, and also that one could give an appropriate destination to a portion of this material, which is currently still discarded in landfills.
Cystoscopic depth estimation using gated adversarial domain adaptation
Authors: Somers Peter , Holdenried-Krafft Simon , Zahn Johannes , Schüle Johannes , Veil Carina , Harland Niklas , Walz Simon , Stenzl Arnulf , Sawodny Oliver , Tarín Cristina , Lensch Hendrik P. A.
Published: January 2023

Monocular depth estimation from camera images is very important for surrounding scene evaluation in many technical fields from automotive to medicine. However, traditional triangulation methods using stereo cameras or multiple views with the assumption of a rigid environment are not applicable for endoscopic domains. Particularly in cystoscopies it is not possible to produce ground truth depth information to directly train machine learning algorithms for using a monocular image directly for depth prediction. This work considers first creating a synthetic cystoscopic environment for initial encoding of depth information from synthetically rendered images. Next, the task of predicting pixel-wise depth values for real images is constrained to a domain adaption between the synthetic and real image domains. This adaptation is done through added gated residual blocks in order to simplify the network task and maintain training stability during adversarial training. Training is done on an internally collected cystoscopy dataset from human patients. The results after training demonstrate the ability to predict reasonable depth estimations from actual cystoscopic videos and added stability from using gated residual blocks is shown to prevent mode collapse during adversarial training.
Impaired T-cell response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in tuberculosis patients is associated with high IL-6 plasma levels and normalizes early during anti-mycobacterial treatment
Authors: Vivekanandan Monika M. , Adankwah Ernest , Aniagyei Wilfred , Acheampong Isaac , Minadzi Difery , Yeboah Augustine , Arthur Joseph F. , Lamptey Millicent , Abass Mohammed K. , Kumbel Francis , Osei-Yeboah Francis , Gawusu Amidu , Debrah Linda Batsa , Owusu Dorcas O. , Debrah Alexander , Mayatepek Ertan , Seyfarth Julia , Phillips Richard O. , Jacobsen Marc
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Human tuberculosis is characterized by immunopathology that affects T-cell phenotype and functions. Previous studies found impaired T-cell response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in patients with acute tuberculosis. However, the influence of disease severity, affected T-cell subsets, and underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods

Here we investigated PHA-induced and antigen-specific T-cell effector cytokines in tuberculosis patients (n = 55) as well as in healthy asymptomatic contacts (n = 32) from Ghana. Effects of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis sputum burden and treatment response were analyzed and compared during follow-up. Finally, cytokine characteristics of the aberrant plasma milieu in tuberculosis were analyzed as a potential cause for impaired PHA response.

Results

PHA-induced IFN-γ expression was significantly lower in sputum-positive tuberculosis patients as compared to both, contacts and paucibacillary cases, and efficiently discriminated the study groups. T-cell responses to PHA increased significantly early during treatment and this was more pronounced in tuberculosis patients with rapid treatment response. Analysis of alternative cytokines revealed distinct patterns and IL-22, as well as IL-10, showed comparable expression to IFN-γ in response to PHA. Finally, we found that high IL-6 plasma levels were strongly associated with impaired IFN-γ and IL-22 response to PHA.

Conclusion

We conclude that impaired T-cell response to PHA stimulation in acute tuberculosis patients (i) was potentially caused by the aberrant plasma milieu, (ii) affected differentially polarized T-cell subsets, (iii) normalized early during treatment. This study shed light on the mechanisms of impaired T-cell functions in tuberculosis and yielded promising biomarker candidates for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response.
stAPAminer: Mining Spatial Patterns of Alternative Polyadenylation for Spatially Resolved Transcriptomic Studies
Authors: Ji Guoli , Tang Qi , Zhu Sheng , Zhu Junyi , Ye Pengchao , Xia Shuting , Wu Xiaohui
Published: January 2023

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) contributes to transcriptome complexity and gene expression regulation and has been implicated in various cellular processes and diseases. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the profiling of APA at the single-cell level; however, the spatial information of cells is not preserved in scRNA-seq. Alternatively, spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies provide opportunities to decipher the spatial context of the transcriptomic landscape. Pioneering studies have revealed potential spatially variable genes and/or splice isoforms; however, the pattern of APA usage in spatial contexts remains unappreciated. In this study, we developed a toolkit called stAPAminer for mining spatial patterns of APA from spatially barcoded ST data. APA sites were identified and quantified from the ST data. In particular, an imputation model based on the k-nearest neighbors algorithm was designed to recover APA signals, and then APA genes with spatial patterns of APA usage variation were identified. By analyzing well-established ST data of the mouse olfactory bulb (MOB), we presented a detailed view of spatial APA usage across morphological layers of the MOB. We compiled a comprehensive list of genes with spatial APA dynamics and obtained several major spatial expression patterns that represent spatial APA dynamics in different morphological layers. By extending this analysis to two additional replicates of the MOB ST data, we observed that the spatial APA patterns of several genes were reproducible among replicates. stAPAminer employs the power of ST to explore the transcriptional atlas of spatial APA patterns with spatial resolution. This toolkit is available at https://github.com/BMILAB/stAPAminer and https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007320.
Attending to Moving Objects
Authors: Holcombe Alex
Published: January 2023

Our minds are severely limited in how much information they can extensively process, in spite of being massively parallel at the visual end. When people attempt to track moving objects, only a limited number can be tracked, which varies with display parameters. Associated experiments indicate that spatial selection and updating has higher capacity than selection and updating of features such as color and shape, and is mediated by processes specific to each cerebral hemisphere, such that each hemifield has its own spatial tracking limit. These spatial selection processes act as a bottleneck that gate subsequent processing. To improve our understanding of this bottleneck, future work should strive to avoid contamination of tracking tasks by high-level cognition. While we are far from fully understanding how attention keeps up with multiple moving objects, what we already know illuminates the architecture of visual processing and offers promising directions for new discoveries.
Fractured Frontiers
Authors: Jato Mónica , Klapper John
Published: January 2023

A comparative study of 'inner' and 'territorial' forms of literary exile under Nazism and Francoism, proposing an integrative model of exile that emphasizes common approaches and themes rather than division.
Anglo-Saxonism and the Idea of Englishness in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Frazier Wood Dustin M.
Published: January 2023

The importance of the Anglo-Saxon past to England in the eighteenth century, politically and culturally, is here brought out.
Cheer Up!
Authors: Wright Adrian
Published: January 2023

The first book to deal exclusively with the British musical film from the very beginning of talking pictures in the late 1920s through the Depression of the 1930s up to the end of World War II.
Chaucer's Prayers
Authors: Murton Megan E.
Published: January 2023

A close examination of the prayers in Chaucer's poetry sheds significant new light on his poetic practice.
Weakly concave operators
Authors: Chavan Sameer , Stochel Jan
Published: January 2023

We study a class of left-invertible operators which we call weakly concave operators. It includes the class of concave operators and some subclasses of expansive strict $m$-isometries with $m > 2$. We prove a Wold-type decomposition for weakly concave operators. We also obtain a Berger–Shaw-type theorem for analytic finitely cyclic weakly concave operators. The proofs of these results rely heavily on a spectral dichotomy for left-invertible operators. It provides a fairly close relationship, written in terms of the reciprocal automorphism of the Riemann sphere, between the spectra of a left-invertible operator and any of its left inverses. We further place the class of weakly concave operators, as the term $\mathcal {A}_1$, in the chain $\mathcal {A}_0 \subseteq \mathcal {A}_1 \subseteq \ldots \subseteq \mathcal {A}_{\infty }$ of collections of left-invertible operators. We show that most of the aforementioned results can be proved for members of these classes. Subtleties arise depending on whether the index $k$ of the class $\mathcal {A}_k$ is finite or not. In particular, a Berger–Shaw-type theorem fails to be true for members of $\mathcal {A}_{\infty }$. This discrepancy is better revealed in the context of $C^*$- and $W^*$-algebras.
Interplay between magnetic shear and triangularity in ion temperature gradient and trapped electron mode dominated plasmas
Authors: Merlo Gabriele , Jenko Frank
Published: January 2023

Local gyrokinetic simulations, performed with the GENE code, are used to investigate the interaction between (negative) triangularity

$\delta$

and magnetic shear

$s$

, in both ion temperature gradient and trapped electron mode dominated plasmas. Magnetic shear turns out to influence in a non-trivial way the effect of negative triangularity. Also,

$\delta <0$

is found to lead to a reduction of fluxes when

$s>1$

but not anymore when shear is reduced. In certain parameter regimes, this effect can be inverted, up to obtaining higher fluxes when

$\delta <0$

with respect to its

$\delta >0$

counterpart.
Relationships between cumulative entropy/extropy, Gini mean difference and probability weighted moments
Authors: Kattumannil Sudheesh K. , Sreedevi E. P. , Balakrishnan N.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we establish a connection between the cumulative residual entropy and the Gini mean difference (GMD). Some relationships between the extropy and the GMD, and the truncated GMD and dynamic versions of the cumulative past extropy are also established. We then show that several entropy and extropy measures discussed here can be brought into the framework of probability weighted moments, which would facilitate finding estimators of these measures.
Does Identity or Economic Rationality Drive Public
Opinion on European Integration?
Authors: Hooghe Liesbet , Marks Gary
Published: January 2023

How do citizens respond to the reallocation of authority across
levels of government? This article investigates the relative
importance of economic versus identity bases of citizen support for
the most far-reaching example of authority migration—European
integration.
The Politics of Decentralized Natural Resource Governance
Authors: Andersson Krister P. , Gibson Clark C. , Lehoucq Fabrice
Published: January 2023

As human populations and their demands on natural resources continue to grow, citizens and officials from around the world search ever more intensely for effective solutions to environmental problems. Various factors conspire to make natural resources difficult to govern well. First, since many larger scale natural resources can be common pool resources, they pose different—and arguably more difficult—challenges to governance than private or public goods. Second, the use of natural resources can produce significant externalities. Third, the complex spatial and temporal boundaries of natural resources along with their potential externalities rarely conform to existing political institutions. Environmental problems often take decades or even centuries to emerge; their solutions may take equally long.
How Many Voters Change Their Minds in the Month Preceding an Election?
Authors: Blais André
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses a simple but basic question: How many voters change their mind during the month preceding an election? The question is simple and basic, yet the vast and rich literature on voting and elections has somehow managed to avoid it. Despite all the talk about the impact of campaigns, I have not come across estimates of how many people vote for a party other than the one they intended to support at the beginning of the campaign.
“The Most Liberal Senator”? Analyzing and Interpreting Congressional Roll Calls
Authors: Clinton Joshua D. , Jackman Simon , Rivers Doug
Published: January 2023

Scoring lawmakers based upon the votes they cast while serving in Congress is both commonplace and politically consequential. However, scoring legislators' voting records is not without its problems—even when performed by organizations without a specific policy agenda. A telling illustration of the impact that these scores have on political debate recently arose in the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries.
Running for Your Grade: A Six-Week Senatorial Campaign Simulation
Authors: Pappas Christine , Peaden Charles
Published: January 2023

As political science faculty at East Central University, a small teaching-oriented state school located in rural Oklahoma, we are constantly challenged to provide our students with novel approaches to learning. Oklahoma's traditionalistic political culture is demonstrated to us daily as our students seem to envision themselves as subjects of an inscrutable system rather than potent democratic actors. To enhance understanding of issues related to campaigns and elections, we developed a six-week simulation in which upper-level political science students participated as a candidate for the U.S. Senate, as a member of a campaign team, or as a member of the media. Approximately 200 of our Introduction to American Government students were called upon to be the voters in our simulation, a role for which many of our students cast the first ballots of their lives.
Teaching Campaign Ethics Using Web-Based Scenarios
Authors: Wielhouwer Peter W.
Published: January 2023

Academics and politicians alike decry the deterioration of trust in American political institutions and in political participation. One oft-cited culprit for this deterioration is the conduct of campaigns for elective office, with especial ire focused upon political consultants and the consulting industry. The lack of a civil campaign ethic, it is said, means that the largely unregulated nature of political combat and speech generates campaigns rife with ad hominem attacks and “negative” ads that disgust, discourage, and alienate prospective voters. In response, some parts of the consulting industry have attempted to inculcate a higher level of campaign conduct through candidate and professional campaign codes. Another response is based in the several university programs that offer graduate degrees in political or campaign management, which include varying degrees of training regarding ethical considerations in campaigns.
Remembering the “Life” in Academic Life: Finding a Balance between Work and Personal Responsibilities in the Academy
Authors: Ackelsberg Martha , Binion with Gayle , Duerst-Lahti Georgia , Junn Jane , Van Assendelft Laura , Yoon Bang-Soon
Published: January 2023

A senior male faculty member in a political science department discovers that his wife has cancer. She will need to undergo a combination of chemotherapy and radiation treatments over the next six months, treatments that will require her traveling to, and remaining overnight at, a hospital that is a 3-hour drive from the campus. Their only child lives over a thousand miles away.
Second language acquisition of grammatical rules: The effects of learning condition, rule difficulty, and executive function
Authors: Rivera Marta , Paolieri Daniela , Iniesta Antonio , Pérez Ana I , Bajo Teresa
Published: January 2023

Learning a new language is an important goal that many individuals find difficult to achieve, particularly during adulthood. Several factors have related this variability to different extrinsic (learning condition, difficulty of the materials) and intrinsic (cognitive abilities) factors, but the interaction between them is barely known. In two experiments, participants learned English grammar rules in intentional (Experiment 1) or explicit (Experiment 2), and incidental learning-contexts. Overall, results of this study indicated that intentional-explicit conditions benefitted rule-learning, as compared to incidental conditions. This benefit was mainly present when participants were learning an easy-rule; explicit and incidental learning did not differ in the case of participants learning a difficult rule (Experiment 2). Moreover, individual differences in executive functioning predicted successful learning in interaction with difficulty. When learning an easy-rule, proactive control facilitated intentional learning. In contrast, when participants were learning a complex-rule, incidental learning was enhanced by lower involvement of proactive control.
The formation of Supersonically Induced Gas Objects (SIGOs) with H2 cooling
Authors: Nakazato Yurina , Chiaki Gen , Yoshida Naoki , Naoz Smadar , Lake William , Yeou Chiou
Published: January 2023

During the recombination of the universe, supersonic relative motion between baryons and dark matter (DM) generally existed. In the presence of such streaming motions, gas clumps can collapse outside of virial radii of their closest dark matter halos. Such baryon dominant objects are thought to be self-gravitating and are called supersonically induced gas objects; SIGOs. We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations by including H2 chemical reactions and stream velocity and follow SIGO’s formation from z = 200 to z = 25. SIGOs can be formed under the influence of stream velocity, and cooling is effective in contracting gas clouds. We follow its further evolution with higher resolution. We find that there are SIGOs which become Jeans unstable outside of the virial radius of the closest DM halos. Those SIGOs are gravitationally unstable and trigger star formation.
The predictive power of numerical simulations to study accretion and outflow in T Tauri Stars
Authors: de Castro Ana I. Gómez
Published: January 2023

T Tauri Stars (TTSs) offer a unique chance to study the physics of non-relativistic accretion engines. In this invited talk, the current status of the field is presented with special emphasis on the predictive power of the numerical simulation of magnetospheric accretion and close binary systems and its impact on astronomical observations.
The Effect of Non-Gaussian Primordial Perturbations on Large-Scale Structure
Authors: Peña G. A. , Candlish G. N.
Published: January 2023

The late-time effect of primordial non-Gaussianity offers a window into the physics of inflation and the very early Universe. In this work we study the consequences of a particular class of primordial non-Gaussianity that is fully characterized by initial density fluctuations drawn from a non-Gaussian probability density function, rather than by construction of a particular form for the primordial bispectrum. We numerically generate multiple realisations of cosmological structure and use the late-time matter polyspectra to determine the effect of these modified initial conditions. In this non-Gaussianity has only a small imprint on the first polyspectra, when compared to a standard Gaussian cosmology. Furthermore, some of our models present an interesting scale-dependent deviation from the Gaussian case in the bispectrum and trispectrum, although the signal is at most at the percent level.
Infrared appearance of wind-blown bubbles around young massive stars
Authors: Kirsanova Maria S. , Pavlyuchenkov Yaroslav N.
Published: January 2023

Thousands of ring-like bubbles appear on infrared images of the Galaxy plane. Most of these infrared bubbles form during expansion of Hii regions around massive stars. However, the physical effects that determine their morphology are still under debate. Namely, the absence of the infrared emission toward the centres of the bubbles can be explained by pushing the dust grains by stellar radiation pressure. At the same time, small graphite grains and PAHs are not strongly affected by the radiation pressure and must be removed by another process. Stellar ultraviolet emission can destroy the smallest PAHs but the photodestruction is ineffective for the large PAHs. Meanwhile, the stellar wind can evacuate all types of grains from Hii regions. In the frame of our chemo-dynamical model we vary parameters of the stellar wind and illustrate their influence on the morphology and synthetic infrared images of the bubbles.
Modeling Stellar Jitter for the Detection of Earth-Mass Exoplanets via Precision Radial Velocity Measurements
Authors: Granovsky Samuel , Kitiashvili Irina N. , Wray Alan A.
Published: January 2023

The detection of Earth-size exoplanets is a technological and data analysis challenge. Future progress in Earth-mass exoplanet detection is expected from the development of extreme precision radial velocity measurements. Increasing radial velocity precision requires developing a new physics-based data analysis methodology to discriminate planetary signals from host-star-related effects, taking stellar variability and instrumental uncertainties into account. In this work, we investigate and quantify stellar disturbances of the planet-hosting solar-type star HD121504 (G2V spectral type) from 3D radiative modeling obtained with the StellarBox code. The model has been used for determining statistical properties of the turbulent plasma and obtaining synthetic spectroscopic observations for several Fe I lines at different locations on the stellar disk to mimic high-resolution spectroscopic observations.
Entwicklung eines digitalen Rechtschreibtests für die erste Klasse Grundschule: Dimensionalität und Reliabilität des SCHNAPP-Rechtschreibtests
Authors: Schöfl Martin , Steinmair Gabriele , Zepnik Sabine , Gnambs Timo
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Rechtschreibleistung am Ende der ersten Klasse sagt die weitere Rechtschreibentwicklung voraus. Um Schwierigkeiten im Rechtschreiben früh zu erkennen und Interventionen ansetzen zu können, braucht es ein Messinstrument, das schriftsystematische Prinzipien abbildet. Der neue digitale „SCHNAPP-Rechtschreibtest“ basiert auf Wortmaterial, das vom prototypischen trochäischen Zweisilber ausgeht und eine Hierarchie an Itemschwierigkeiten aufzeigt. Methoden: Es wurde die Rasch-Konformität und Reliabilität des aus der Literatur deduzierten Schreibwortschatzes anhand zweier Stichproben ( N = 249 und 148) von Grundschulkindern der ersten Klasse in Österreich überprüft. Ergebnisse: Der SCHNAPP-Rechtschreibtest erfasst einen latenten Faktor der Rechtschreibfähigkeit mit Rasch-konformen Items unterschiedlicher Schwierigkeit aber identer Trennschärfen. Die Reliabilität konnte durch Itemselektion und Ergänzungen ausgehend von einer Erstversion hin zu einer revidierten Form verbessert werden. Die Items differenzieren insbesondere auch im niedrigen Fähigkeitsbereich gut und eigenen sich damit als Screening zur Identifizierung von Kindern mit Schwierigkeiten im Rechtschreiben im ersten Grundschuljahr. Diskussion: Erste Analysen zum neu entwickelten SCHNAPP-Rechtschreibtest zeigen, dass das Testverfahren als Screening zur Identifizierung von Kindern mit Schwierigkeiten im Rechtschreiben im ersten Grundschuljahr beitragen kann. Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Grenzen werden im Manuskript diskutiert.
Spring Regional Sea Surface Temperatures as a Precursor of European Summer Heatwaves
Authors: Beobide‐Arsuaga Goratz , Düsterhus André , Müller Wolfgang A. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Baehr Johanna
Published: January 2023

Different spring and early summer North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) have been shown to precede recent European summer heatwaves (EuSHWs). So far, the limited number of observed events associated with several physical mechanisms has prevented a robust identification of SSTAs as precursors. Here, we extend beyond previous studies by combining 100 historical simulations (1850–2005) of the MPI Grand‐Ensemble with an explainable neural‐network method. We find that the spring tripolar North Atlantic pattern with positive SSTAs in the Subtropical Gyre is a precursor of EuSHWs. In addition, positive SSTAs west of the Iberian Peninsula, and in the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea relate to distinct early summer soil moisture anomaly patterns and are precursors of western and southeastern EuSHWs, respectively. While the phase of the tripolar North Atlantic pattern indicates whether a EuSHW might emerge, regional SSTAs indicate the spatial characteristics of EuSHWs.
Description and Evaluation of a New Deep Convective Cloud Model Considering In‐Cloud Inhomogeneity
Authors: Chu Wenchao , Lin Yanluan
Published: January 2023

Convections still need to be parameterized in general circulation models (GCMs) in the coming decades. Performances of GCMs are significantly influenced by the convection schemes used. In contrast to most conventional cloud models that ignore in‐cloud inhomogeneities, a new convective cloud model explicitly considering in‐cloud inhomogeneities is developed. The new model adopts a single bulk plume approach, but divides the plume into a series of interacting sub‐plumes in order to mimic the transition from the plume core to its edges. We implemented the new cloud model in NCAR Community Atmosphere Model version 5.0 (CAM5) and evaluated its performance. Single‐column tests show a stronger mass flux profile and low‐level detrainment with the new model. In global simulations, the long‐lasting wet bias in the tropical free troposphere of CAM5 is alleviated. Spatial pattern and intensity distribution of precipitation is improved, but the global hydrological cycle is over‐enhanced. The diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation is also better captured though the precipitation peak still occurs earlier than the observations and the amplitude of the cycle tends to weaken. MJO simulation is slightly improved with the new scheme. In addition, the new cloud model generated more tropical cyclones, in better agreement with observations.
Moving Aircraft River Velocimetry (MARV): Framework and Proof‐of‐Concept on the Tanana River
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. , Kinzel Paul J. , Laker Mark , Conaway Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2023

Information on velocity fields in rivers is critical for designing infrastructure, modeling contaminant transport, and assessing habitat. Although non‐contact approaches to measuring flow velocity are well established, these methods assume a stationary imaging platform. This study eliminates this constraint by introducing a framework for moving aircraft river velocimetry (MARV). The workflow takes as input images acquired from an airplane and involves orthorectification, frame overlap analysis, image enhancement, particle image velocimetry (PIV), and aggregation of the resulting velocity vectors onto a prediction grid. We also use new metrics to quantify the agreement between image‐derived and field‐measured velocity vectors in terms of both orientation and magnitude. The potential of MARV was evaluated using data from two Alaskan rivers: a large, highly turbid channel and its smaller, clearer tributary. Sediment boil vortices on the mainstem provided natural features trackable via PIV and estimated velocities corresponded closely with field measurements (R2 up to 0.911). We compared an exhaustive approach that evaluates overlap for all frame combinations to a simpler rolling window implementation and found that the more efficient algorithm did not compromise accuracy. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the method was robust to window parameterization. Comparing PIV output from different flying heights and imaging systems indicated that larger pixels led to higher accuracy and that a more advanced dual‐camera system provided superior performance. Results from the tributary were less encouraging, presumably due to a lack of trackable features in visible images. Testing across a range of rivers is needed to assess the generality of MARV.