bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting electrocatalyzed hydrogen evolution reactions with electropolymerized thiophene-substituted CoIIIcorroles
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Xifeng , Zhu Weihua , Liang Xu
Published: March 2022

Herein, an A3-type and an A2B-typemeso-thiophene-substituted CoIIIcorrole are prepared and their electronic structures are investigated.
Engineering metal–metal oxide surfaces for high-performance oxygen reduction on Ag–Mn electrocatalysts
Authors: Zamora Zeledón José A. , Gunasooriya G. T. Kasun Kalhara , Kamat Gaurav A. , Kreider Melissa E. , Ben-Naim Micha , Hubert McKenzie A. , Avilés Acosta Jaime E. , Nørskov Jens K. , Stevens Michaela Burke , Jaramillo Thomas F.
Published: March 2022

Diverse Ag–MnOxsurface sites/structures in Ag–Mn electrocatalysts afford robust local electronic structures tuned for efficient oxygen reduction.
Zn-assisted modification of the chemical structure of N-doped carbon dots and their enhanced quantum yield and photostability
Authors: Yun Sohee , Kang Eun Soo , Choi Jin-sil
Published: March 2022

Zn-assisted N-CDs (denoted as Zn:N-CDs) obtained by the addition of Zn(OAc)2 to precursors during the synthesis of N-CDs not only exhibited an enhanced quantum yield but also improved photostability compared to those of N-CDs.
Single molecule localization-based analysis of clathrin-coated pit and caveolar dynamics
Authors: Ma Rui , Štefl Martin , Nienhaus Gerd Ulrich
Published: March 2022

We have analyzed the structure and growth dynamics of caveolae and clathrin-coated pits in the plasma membrane of living cells using single molecule localization-based cluster analysis of fluorescence image sequences.
Influence of TiIV substitution on the properties of a Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 nanofiber-based solid electrolyte
Authors: La Monaca Andrea , Girard Gabriel , Savoie Sylvio , Veillette René , Krachkovskiy Sergey , Pierini Filippo , Vijh Ashok , Rosei Federico , Paolella Andrea
Published: March 2022

We report the influence of the partial substitution of Ge with Ti on the properties of NASICON Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) nanofibers prepared by electrospinning.
Enzymatic approaches to site-selective oxidation of quinoline and derivatives
Authors: Wang Zhongqiang , Zhao Ling , Mou Xueqing , Chen Yongzheng
Published: March 2022

This review collates examples of the use of biological methods to oxidize the pyridine portion of quinoline and its structural analogues 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.
Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphinylation of conjugated enynes and mechanistic studies
Authors: Zhang Ya-Qian , Han Xue-Yu , Wu Yue , Qi Peng-Jia , Zhang Qing , Zhang Qing-Wei
Published: March 2022

A Ni-catalyzed hydrophosphinylation reaction of enynes was reported with excellent regio and enantioselectivity. A protonation mechanism was uncovered by combined kinetic studies and DFT calculations, which may lead to the discovery of other hydrofunctionalization reactions.
Thioether-enabled palladium-catalyzed atroposelective C–H olefination for N–C and C–C axial chirality
Authors: Li Yanjun , Liou Yan-Cheng , Chen Xinran , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2022

Thioethers allowed for highly atroposelective C–H olefinations by a palladium/chiral phosphoric acid catalytic system under ambient air.
Largely improved generating energy density, efficiency, and fatigue life of DEG by designing TiO2/LNBR/SiR DE composites with a self-assembled structure
Authors: Hao Xuesong , Liu Xueying , Jiang Yingjie , Wang Chaojun , Sun Haibin , Zang Wenpeng , Ning Nanying , Tian Ming , Zhang Liqun
Published: March 2022

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) can easily harvest electrical energy from mechanical energy including ocean waves and human motion.
Cosmology with cosmic web environments
Authors: Bonnaire Tony , Aghanim Nabila , Kuruvilla Joseph , Decelle Aurélien
Published: March 2022

We undertake the first comprehensive and quantitative real-space analysis of the cosmological information content in the environments of the cosmic web (voids, filaments, walls, and nodes) up to non-linear scales,k = 0.5hMpc−1. Relying on the large set ofN-body simulations from the Quijote suite, the environments are defined through the eigenvalues of the tidal tensor and the Fisher formalism is used to assess the constraining power of the spectra derived in each of the four environments and their combination. Our results show that there is more information available in the environment-dependent power spectra – both individually and when combined – than in the matter power spectrum. By breaking some key degeneracies between parameters of the cosmological model such asMν–σ8or Ωm–σ8, the power spectra computed in identified environments improve the constraints on cosmological parameters by factors of ∼15 for the summed neutrino massMνand ∼8 for the matter density Ωmover those derived from the matter power spectrum. We show that these tighter constraints are obtained for a wide range of the maximum scale, fromkmax = 0.1hMpc−1to highly non-linear regimes withkmax = 0.5hMpc−1. We also report an eight times higher value of the signal-to-noise ratio for the combination of environment-dependent power spectra than for the matter spectrum. Importantly, we show that all the results presented here are robust to variations of the parameters defining the environments, suggesting a robustness to the definition we chose to extract them.
Cardiac MRI in Suspected Acute Myocarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination
Authors: Kravchenko Dmitrij , Isaak Alexander , Mesropyan Narine , Endler Christoph , Bischoff Leon , Vollbrecht Thomas , Pieper Claus Christian , Sedaghat Alexander , Kuetting Daniel , Hart Christopher , Feisst Andreas , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian Alexander
Published: March 2022

Purpose To evaluate cardiac MRI characteristics in patients with suspected hypersensitivity myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.

Materials and Methods Patients clinically suspected of acute myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination were retrospectively analyzed and compared against a healthy control group. Cardiac MRI protocol included parameters such as T1 and T2 relaxation times, extracellular volume (ECV), T2 signal intensity ratio, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Lymph node size was assessed in the patient group on the injection side. Student t-test, analyses of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc test, and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis.

Results 20 patients with clinically suspected post-vaccine myocarditis (28 ± 12 years; 12 men) and 40 controls (31 ± 11 years; 25 men) were evaluated. According to the 2018 Lake Louise criteria (LLC), patients with clinically suspected myocarditis were further subdivided into an LLC-positive group (n = 9) and an LLC-negative group (n = 11). The mean time of symptom onset after vaccination was 1.1 ± 1.2 days (LLC-positive) and 6.5 ± 9.2 days (LLC-negative). Group differences in inflammatory variables between myocarditis patients and control subjects were more pronounced in the LLC-positive group (e. g., T1 relaxation time: 1041 ± 61 ms [LLC positive] vs. 1008 ± 79 ms [LLC-negative] vs. 970 ± 25 ms [control]; p <.001; or T2 signal intensity ratio 2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 [LLC-negative] and vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 [control], p = .012). LLC-positive patients were significantly faster in receiving an MRI after initial symptom onset (8.8 ± 6.1 days vs. 52.7 ± 33.4 days; p = .001) and had higher troponin T levels (3938 ± 5850 ng/l vs. 9 ± 11 ng/l; p <.001). LGE lesions were predominantly located at the subepicardium of the lateral wall. Axillary lymphadenopathy was more frequent in the LLC-positive group compared to the LLC-negative group (8/9 [89 %] vs. 0/11 [0 %], p < 0.001).

Conclusion Vaccine-induced myocarditis should be considered in patients with acute symptom onset after mRNA vaccination, especially if elevated serum troponin T is observed. Imaging findings of vaccine-induced myocarditis are similar to virus-induced myocarditis, allowing for the use of the Lake Louise Criteria for diagnostic purposes.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Benign Acute Childhood Myositis: Our Experience on Clinical Evaluation
Authors: D'Amico Silvia , Gangi Gloria , Barbagallo Massimo , Palermo Toni , Finocchiaro Maria Carla , Distefano Antonella , Falsaperla Raffaele , Marino Silvia , Greco Filippo , Smilari Pierluigi , Pavone Piero
Published: March 2022

Background Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is a transient condition mainly affecting children of school age characterized by muscle pain, typically localized to the calf muscle with symmetrical lower extremity pain and difficulty in walking. Usually, the symptomatology is preceded by a viral infection including influenza, parainfluenza, rotavirus, and mycoplasma.

Methods The case series was conducted in four pediatric hospitals in Catania, Italy, over a 12-year observational period. Clinical examination, laboratory data, course, treatment, and complications of the affected children were extracted from electronic medical records of each hospital.

Results For the case series, 50 children diagnosed with BACM were enrolled: the mean age of affected children was 5.35 years, 86% of were males, and in 56% the affections occurred during the winter. In the affected children, the clinical picture was characterized by previous fever and/or symptoms of inflammation of the upper airways, and followed by pain in the lower extremities up to uncoordinated gait. In 17 cases the etiological agent was isolated, including the influenza virus type B as the most frequent and influenza virus type A, Mycoplasma
pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and herpes simplex virus. Children were treated with supportive therapy. In all the children the muscular symptomatology had a good evolution with progressive marked reduction of pain and of the high level of CKemia. Neither clinical recurrences nor sequelae were reported.

Conclusion BACM shows to have in most of the cases a favorable evolution, a spontaneous remission of symptoms, and a good prognosis. However, the disorder generates parental distress for the acute presentation and the striking muscle dysfunction. It is worthy a rapid and early diagnosis to avoid unnecessary diagnostic investigations and a careful follow-up necessary to exclude persistence of symptoms or creatine kinase elevation.
A laser wakefield acceleration facility using SG-II petawatt laser system
Authors: Liang Xiao , Yi Youjian , Li Song , Zhu Ping , Xie Xinglong , Liu Huiya , Mu GuangJin , Liu ZhiGang , Guo Ailin , Kang Jun , Yang Qingwei , Zhu Haidong , Gao Qi , Sun Meizhi , Lu Haiyang , Ma Yanyun , Mondal Sudipta , Papp Dániel , Majorosi Szilárd , Lécz Zsolt , Andreev Alexander , Kahaly Subhendu , Kamperidis Christos , Hafz Nasr A. M. , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: March 2022

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) using PW-class laser pulses generally requires cm-scale laser–plasma interaction Rayleigh length, which can be realized by focusing such pulses inside a long underdense plasma with a large f-number focusing optic. Here, we present a new PW-based LWFA instrument at the SG-II 5 PW laser facility, which employs f/23 focusing. The setup also adapted an online probing of the plasma density via Nomarski interferometry using a probe laser beam having 30 fs pulse duration. By focusing 1-PW, 30-fs laser pulses down to a focal spot of 230 µm, the peak laser intensity reached a mild-relativistic level of 2.6 × 1018 W/cm2, a level modest for standard LWFA experiments. Despite the large aspect ratio of >25:1 (transverse to longitudinal dimensions) of the laser pulse, electron beams were observed in our experiment only when the laser pulse experienced relativistic self-focusing at high gas-pressure thresholds, corresponding to plasma densities higher than 3 × 1018 cm−3.
On the nuclear pore complex and its emerging role in cellular mechanotransduction
Authors: Matsuda Atsushi , Mofrad Mohammad R. K.
Published: March 2022

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a large protein assembly that perforates the nuclear envelope and provides a sole gateway for traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The NPC controls the nucleocytoplasmic transport by selectively allowing cargoes such as proteins and mRNA to pass through its central channel, thereby playing a vital role in protecting the nuclear component and regulating gene expression and protein synthesis. The selective transport through the NPC originates from its exquisite molecular structure featuring a large scaffold and the intrinsically disordered central channel domain, but the exact mechanism underlying the selective transport remains elusive and is the subject of various, often conflicting, hypotheses. Moreover, recent studies have suggested a new role for the NPC as a mechanosensor, where the NPC changes its channel diameter depending on the nuclear envelope tension, altering the molecular transportability through this nanopore. In this mini-review, we summarize the current understandings of the selective nature of the NPC and discuss its emerging role in cellular mechanotransduction.
Passivating the interface between halide perovskite and SnO2 by capsaicin to accelerate charge transfer and retard recombination
Authors: Lin Siyuan , Xia Pufeihong , Wu Shuyue , Zhang Wenhao , Hu Yue , Liu Biao , Kong Deming , Huang Han , Gao Yongli , Zhou Conghua
Published: March 2022

Capsaicin is used to modify SnO2 quantum dots and then used as an electron-transfer material for perovskite solar cells. After capsaicin modification, the power conversion efficiency of the devices increases from 19.90 (± 0.47)% to 21.87 (± 0.28)% with a champion device of 22.24% (AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2). Transient photovoltage and photocurrent decay show that, after the capsaicin doping, the lifetime increases from 21.55 (± 1.54) to 27.63 (± 1.45) μs, while the charge extraction time reduces from 1.90 (± 0.09) to 1.67 (± 0.06) μs. Time-resolved photoluminescence and impedance spectrum studies show similar results. The accelerated charge transfer and retarded recombination are due to defect passivation. Space charge limited current study shows that, after modification, the trap density of devices is reduced from 2.24 × 1015 to 1.28 × 1015 cm−3. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculation indicate that the reduced trap density is due to the chemical interaction between carbonyl group (from capsaicin) and Sn atom, and that between carbonyl group and Pb atom.
Ultrasensitive and ultrafast nonlinear optical characterization of surface plasmons
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Gao Min , He Yonglin , Yang Zhilin
Published: March 2022

Amid the rapid development of nanosciences and nanotechnologies, plasmonics has emerged as an essential and fascinating discipline. Surface plasmons (SPs) lay solid physical foundations for plasmonics and have been broadly applied to ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy, optical modulation, renewable energy, communication technology, etc. Sensitive optical characterizations for SPs, including far/near-field optics, spatial-resolved spectroscopy, and time-resolved behaviors of SPs, have prompted intense interest in diverse fields. In this Research Update, the ultrasensitive optical characterization for sub-radiant SPs is first introduced. Then, distinct characterization methods of nonlinear plasmonics, including plasmon-enhanced second harmonic generation and plasmon-enhanced sum frequency generation, are demonstrated in some classical nanostructures. Transient optical characterizations of SPs are also demonstrated in some well-defined nanostructures, enabling the deep realization of time-resolved behaviors. Finally, future prospects and efforts of optical characterization for SPs are proposed.
Evaluating acoustic Doppler velocimetry pulse-pair spacing/velocity range setting for turbulent flow measurements
Authors: Homayounfar Farzin , Khorsandi Babak
Published: March 2022

The velocity range, which is inversely proportional to acoustic pulse-pair spacing, is one of the most important user-set parameters of acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs) and is expected to influence their flow measurements. An experimental study of the effect of the ADV velocity range on the mean and turbulence statistics measured in stagnant water, a turbulent channel flow, and a turbulent jet was undertaken. The results show that as long as the instantaneous velocities are within the user-set velocity range, increasing the velocity range does not noticeably influence the mean velocities, whereas it increases the velocity variances due to the increased noise variance. If the instantaneous velocities exceed the velocity range, phase wrapping occurs, resulting in underestimated mean velocities and overestimated velocity variances. The rate of increase in noise variance with the velocity range increases drastically as the turbulence level rises. From this, it can be inferred that in turbulence measurements, the contribution to the total noise made by Doppler noise is much more substantial than that of the sampling error. Furthermore, it is observed that for highly turbulent flows the ADV correlation significantly drops and signal quality reduces. Increasing the velocity range solves this problem at the expense of higher Doppler noise. Post-processing of the data effectively improves the statistics, even when the velocity range was set to overly high values. Finally, Doppler noise is found to be linearly related to velocity variances (at a constant velocity range), while it is nonlinearly proportional to the velocity range in measurements of turbulent flows.
Accurate time zero determination in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope without energy filter
Authors: Olshin Pavel K. , Voss Jonathan M. , Drabbels Marcel , Lorenz Ulrich J.
Published: March 2022

In ultrafast transmission electron microscopy, time zero can be accurately determined by making use of the photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM) effect, which causes electrons interacting with the near fields of a nanoparticle to coherently gain or lose energy in multiples of the photon energy when the laser pump and electron probe pulse overlap in time. If the instrument is not equipped with an energy filter, which is required to observe the PINEM effect, the response of a sample is frequently monitored instead. However, the gradual or delayed onset of this response can render an accurate measurement as challenging. Here, we demonstrate a simple and accurate method for determining time zero without an energy filter that is based on the observation that the outline of a nanoparticle blurs when the electron and laser pulse overlap in time. We show that this phenomenon arises from the PINEM effect, which causes some electrons to gain a large energy spread, thus blurring the image due to the chromatic aberration of the imaging system. This effect can also be used to characterize the instrument response and determine the laser polarization in situ. Furthermore, it may find applications for mapping out the near fields of a nanoparticle without the help of an energy filter.
Qualitative analysis of the barriers and facilitators influencing uptake of direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C in a primary healthcare environment
Authors: Jia Kevin , Venkateshan Harsha , Burke Michael
Published: March 2022

Historical interferon and ribavirin therapies for hepatitis C virus have been replaced by modern treatments with improved efficacy and tolerability. Despite the availability of direct-acting antiviral therapy, evidence demonstrates poor uptake in Australia. Presently, the barriers and facilitators influencing uptake of direct-acting antiviral therapy are not fully understood, especially in a primary healthcare environment. Our study aimed to discover methods of improving uptake of treatment in the community. We conducted 15 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews in a metropolitan, primary healthcare clinic in Australia. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and subsequently analysed using thematic content analysis. We identified patient-related and healthcare system-related barriers and facilitators to commencing treatment. This included established themes from current literature, and novel themes unique to direct-acting antiviral therapy and primary care. Overall, our study reinforces the importance of public health campaigns to promote community awareness and emphasises the concomitant role of mental health in fostering treatment uptake. Informed by our findings, we suggest further research on an integrated model of care, focused on the domains of disease awareness, patient engagement and treatment adherence. Hence, a community-oriented approach, driven by primary healthcare, ultimately underpins a successful public strategy to improve outcomes for patients affected by hepatitis C.
A SURF4-to-proteoglycan relay mechanism that mediates the sorting and secretion of a tagged variant of sonic hedgehog
Authors: Tang Xiao , Chen Rong , Mesias Vince St Dollente , Wang Tingxuan , Wang Ying , Poljak Kristina , Fan Xinyu , Miao Hanchi , Hu Junjie , Zhang Liang , Huang Jinqing , Yao Shuhuai , Miller Elizabeth A. , Guo Yusong
Published: March 2022

Significance

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a key signaling molecule that plays important roles in embryonic patterning, cell differentiation, and organ development. Although fundamentally important, the molecular mechanisms that regulate secretion of newly synthesized Shh are still unclear. Our study reveals a role for the cargo receptor, SURF4, in facilitating export of Shh from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via a ER export signal. In addition, our study provides evidence suggesting that proteoglycans promote the dissociation of SURF4 from Shh at the Golgi, suggesting a SURF4-to-proteoglycan relay mechanism. These analyses provide insight into an important question in cell biology: how do cargo receptors capture their clients in one compartment, then disengage at their destination?
The C terminus of the mycobacterium ESX-1 secretion system substrate ESAT-6 is required for phagosomal membrane damage and virulence
Authors: Osman Morwan M. , Shanahan Jonathan K. , Chu Frances , Takaki Kevin K. , Pinckert Malte L. , Pagán Antonio J. , Brosch Roland , Conrad William H. , Ramakrishnan Lalita
Published: March 2022

Significance

Tuberculosis (TB), an ancient disease of humanity, continues to be a major cause of worldwide death. The causative agent of TB,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, and its close pathogenic relative
Mycobacterium marinum
, initially infect, evade, and exploit macrophages, a major host defense against invading pathogens. Within macrophages, mycobacteria reside within host membrane–bound compartments called phagosomes. Mycobacterium-induced damage of the phagosomal membranes is integral to pathogenesis, and this activity has been attributed to the specialized mycobacterial secretion system ESX-1, and particularly to ESAT-6, its major secreted protein. Here, we show that the integrity of the unstructured ESAT-6 C terminus is required for macrophage phagosomal damage, granuloma formation, and virulence.
Single-side micromachined ultra-small thermopile IR detecting pixels for dense-array integration
Authors: Zhou Wenhan , Zhang Haozhi , Chen Pu , Ni Zao , Li Wei , Wang Jiachou , Li Xinxin
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a technology to fabricate ultra-small (100 × 100 μm) thermopile infrared (IR) sensing devices with a novel front-side micromachining process for integration of dense IR detection array. The thermopile IR detection unit is constructed into double-level suspending films, where the IR absorber and n/p-polysilicon thermopile are located at the central-supported upper level and the surrounding-supported lower level, respectively. The separated design for IR absorber and thermopile temperature-detection helps to achieve a high thermocouple fill-factor of 0.9 in terms of the structural area. A single-step wet etching method is proposed to simultaneously release the umbrella-shaped upper-level absorber and the thermal insulation cavity beneath the lower-level thermopile layer. By pre-depositing a polysilicon sacrificial layer, the etching method breakthroughs the restriction of anisotropic over-etch to the single crystalline silicon substrate, thereby maximizing the thermocouple number in the lower-layer film and minimizing the opened area of the etching holes. Finite-element-method simulation results show that the detector with 20 pairs of thermocouples exhibits maximized responsivity than those with more or less pairs of thermocouples. Benefit from the optimized heat dissipation design, the thermopile detection unit in atmospheric environment achieves a high normalized detectivity of 2.1 × 107 cm Hz1/2 W−1, a high responsivity of 52 V W−1 and sound respond time of 1.4 ms. Thanks to the ultra-small unit area, many unites can be densely integrated into IR detection arrays of various scales. As an example, an integrated 4 × 4 IR sensing array is herein fabricated. The 16 integrated pixels demonstrate good consistency in responsivity, with the deviation being less than ±7%. Featuring the tiny-size pixels for dense-array integration and the single-sided micromachining process that is compatible with integrated circuit fabrication, the proposed thermopile IR sensing devices are promising in IR detection applications including consumer-electronic level IR focal plane arrays.
Improved diffusion and storage of lithium ions via recrystallization induced conducting pathways in a Li:Ta2O5-based electrolyte for all-solid-state electrochromic devices with enhanced performance
Authors: Lin Chun-Chu , Chen Po-Hsun , Chen Min-Chen , Wang Min-Chuan , Yang Chih-Cheng , Huang Hui-Chun , Wu Chung-Wei , Chou Sheng-Yao , Tsai Tsung-Ming , Chang Ting-Chang
Published: March 2022

In this study, we have investigated the improvements in the performance of an all-solid-state complementary electrochromic device (ECD) by using the proposed high pressure treatment (HPT). The Li:Ta2O5 electrolyte layer was recrystallized by the HPT utilizing pressurized CO2 gas (∼200 atm) and at low temperature (<60 °C), which enhanced the coloration performance of the WO3/Li:Ta2O5/NiO complementary ECD by ∼20%. The reliability and durability of the ECD were confirmed by long term transmittance retention measurements, which indicated an improvement in the coloration performance by ∼14% upon the release of the bias voltages. The ability of the devices that were fabricated with and without the HPT process to withstand high temperature environments was also verified. In addition, photoluminescence (PL) and transmittance measurements were carried out to examine the effects of the bonding between WO3 and NiO. To determine the differences in lithium-ion (Li+) injection, electrical measurements were performed by utilizing varying pulse rising speeds to confirm device characteristics. The materials were characterized in terms of their composition and structure using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy along with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Finally, a mechanistic model has been proposed to explain the improved EC characteristics based on the amorphous to crystalline transition accompanying the HPT process.
Functional limit theorems for Volterra processes and applications to homogenization*
Authors: Gehringer Johann , Li Xue-Mei , Sieber Julian
Published: March 2022

We prove an enhanced limit theorem for additive functionals of a multi-dimensional Volterra process

(

y

t

)

t
⩾
0

in the rough path topology. As an application, we establish weak convergence as ɛ → 0 of the solution of the random ordinary differential equation (ODE)

d

d
t

x

t

ε

=

1

ε

f

(

x

t

ε

,

y

t

ε

)

and show that its limit solves a rough differential equation driven by a Gaussian field with a drift coming from the Lévy area correction of the limiting rough driver. Furthermore, we prove that the stochastic flows of the random ODE converge to those of the Kunita type Itô SDE dx

t
= G(x

t
, dt), where G(x, t) is a semi-martingale with spatial parameters.
Multi-bright-dark soliton solutions to the AB system in nonlinear optics
Authors: Zhai Yunyun , Wei Lifei , Geng Xianguo , Wei Jiao
Published: March 2022

The AB system is the basic integrable model to describe unstable baroclinic wave packets in geophysical fluids and the propagation of mesoscale gravity flows in nonlinear optics. On the basis of the spectral analysis of a Lax pair and the inverse scattering method, we establish the Riemann–Hilbert problem of the AB system. Then, the inverse problems are formulated and solved with the aid of the Riemann–Hilbert problem, from which the potentials can be reconstructed according to the asymptotic expansion of the sectional analytic function and the related symmetry relations. As an application, we obtain the multi-bright-dark soliton solutions to the AB system in the reflectionless case and discuss the dynamic behavior of elastic soliton collisions by choosing appropriate free parameters.
Adsorption dynamics of double-stranded DNA on a graphene oxide surface with both large unoxidized and oxidized regions
Authors: Wu Mengjiao , Ma Huishu , Fang Haiping , Yang Li , Lei Xiaoling
Published: March 2022

The adsorption dynamics of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules on a graphene oxide (GO) surface are important for applications of DNA/GO functional structures in biosensors, biomedicine and materials science. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the adsorption of different length dsDNA molecules (from 4 bp to 24 bp) on the GO surface. The dsDNA molecules could be adsorbed on the GO surface through the terminal bases and stand on the GO surface. For short dsDNA (4 bp) molecules, the double-helix structure was partially or totally broken and the adsorption dynamics was affected by the structural fluctuation of short dsDNA and the distribution of the oxidized groups on the GO surface. For long dsDNA molecules (from 8 bp to 24 bp) adsorption is stable. By nonlinear fitting of the contact angle between the axis of the dsDNA molecule and the GO surface, we found that a dsDNA molecule adsorbed on a GO surface has the chance of orienting parallel to the GO surface if the length of the dsDNA molecule is longer than 54 bp. We attributed this behavior to the flexibility of dsDNA molecules. With increasing length, the flexibility of dsDNA molecules also increases, and this increasing flexibility gives an adsorbed dsDNA molecule more chance of reaching the GO surface with the free terminal. This work provides a whole picture of adsorption of dsDNA molecules on the GO surface and should be of benefit for the design of DNA/GO based biosensors.
Dynamics of electron internal transport barrier formation at the H–L transition on EAST
Authors: Han X. , Liu Y. , Zhou T.F. , Zhang T. , Shi T.H. , Li Y.Y. , Yuan Y. , Mao S.T. , Jin Y.F. , Wu X.H. , Wang S.X. , Yang Y. , Wen F. , Huang J. , Liu S.C. , Ye K.X. , Wu M.F. , Geng K.N. , Li G.S. , Zhong F.B. , Xiang H.M. , Gao X. , the EAST Team
Published: March 2022

The dynamics of electron-internal transport barrier (e-ITB) formation is studied in the hybrid plasma of neutral beam injection and lower hybrid wave heating on EAST. The e-ITB is observed to be repetitively formed at the H–L transition, where the relaxation process of core radiation triggers an increase in neutron yield and core electron temperature. A reversed q-profile is beneficial for generating the barrier, identified by the appearance of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs). The dimensionless parameter of the normalized Larmor radius

(

ρ

T

e

*

)

is estimated to visualize the dynamic behavior of the e-ITB. It is found that the e-ITB forms once the electron

ρ

T

e

*

exceeds 0.014, and the RSAEs are accompanied by the e-ITB formation. The barrier foot moves inwards until the L–H transition occurs, where the H-mode pedestal or type-I edge localized mode (ELM) strongly influences the e-ITB intensity. The results of thermal transport modeling show a significant reduction in the core thermal transport coefficient in the electron channel while maintaining a nearly unchanged ion transport level as the e-ITB evolves.
Manufacturing and processing long tubular parts, considering environmental protection implications
Authors: Poiană D I , Ionel I
Published: March 2022

This paper addresses a topical issue around the world, i.e. the issue of minimizing environmental and human pollution. The subsequent aim of this paper is to develop an appropriate methodology for assessing the negative impact potentially exerted by a manufacturing process on the environment and workers. Research has been conducted in order to determine an index of negative impact on the environment and workers. Through the research carried out, the determining factors in environmental pollution have been identified and quantifiable indicators have subsequently been associated with them. Additionally, an impact index has finally been determined by calculation. This methodology was applied in the case of the drilling/perforation processes on long tubular parts, particularly featured in the automotive industry. The emerging results show the negative impact exerted by each of the processes considered on the environment. The manufacturing processes in which the impact index has low values close to zero are significantly close to a standard of non-polluting manufacturing processes with zero-impact index. The methodology adopted in this paper has led to the identification of the range of pollutants that should be improved, removed or at least reduced, in order to achieve a zero-impact index.
Comparative analysis of the energy content of diverse fuels performed via thermogravimetric investigations
Authors: Halmaciu I A , Wachter M R , Wachter A R
Published: March 2022

Thermogravimetry is a well-known analysing technique in which the mass of a substance is monitored as a function of temperature variation by time, and as a sample specimen being subjected to a scheduled temperature program, in a controlled atmosphere. The method is based on measuring sensors for the mass loss, in the controlled-atmosphere furnace, and on a temperature programmer, all interfaced to a computer. It is also known as thermogravimetric analysis (TG) or derived thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). Kinetic parameters, stability, and changes in the composition are among the most important results obtained upon performing such analysis. The article focuses on three different analyses run upon three different fuels: a fossil one (coal), a classic biomass (renewable fuel), and waste poultry manure. The conclusion indicates that all three fuels illustrate important energy content, showing specific points in the TG and DTG curves, which are analysed in detail. The similarities and differences are also pointed out. Additionally, the techniques used are described, considering their implication for complex waste biomasses, which might be subject of biogas production. The technique is recommended in addition to classic thermal analysis and heating value determination.
A dynamic approach to wind tunnel testing under risk conditions assessment
Authors: Balasa R , Andrei A G , Costea M L , Apostol E I , Semenscu A
Published: March 2022

This paper provides an overview of risk management and risk control in wind tunnel testing. The focus of this review is on approaches to identifying hazards based on “barrier analysis.” The main feature of the method is to identify the source of risk, assess the level of the “barrier” that prevents a hazardous situation, monitor the risk’s status and make improvements or set up new “barriers” if necessary, but also to identify and implement measures to reestablish risk control and, if possible, to reduce the unpleasant effects. This article proposes a risk assessment for an applicable wind tunnel project. The effect of air humidity on condensation under supersonic flow conditions was studied in detail.
Study of air quality through suspended particles determination
Authors: Miloştean D , Flori M
Published: March 2022

The suspended and settleable particles which exist permanently in the atmosphere have their concentration variation depending on weather conditions, traffic in the collecting area, industrial activities, etc. It is known that once these particles pollute the atmosphere can affect human health so, their collection by efficient filtration air systems is needed in order to proper evaluate them. In this paper the short-term concentration of the suspended particles from air is determined in the collection point located inside the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara (Romania), in the vicinity of the road. The sampling was done in months May and June of year 2020, during three time intervals. Obtained minimum and maximum suspended particles concentrations were 13.43 &b.mu;g/m3 and 83.96 &b.mu;g/m3, respectively.
Technical considerations regarding the modelling and implementation of a Web Dynpro application
Authors: Berdie A D , Rat C L , Berdie A A , Berdie A M
Published: March 2022

Developed by SAP (System Application and Products) concern, the new Dynpro Web technology aims to create scalable business applications that comply with standardized user interface principles. This paper highlights how a Web Dynpro application consisting of several components can be modeled and implemented in the ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) language using a component binding technique based on the concept of MVC (Modell-View-Controller). All these aspects are presented through a case study, developed and implemented on the SAP NetWeaver integration platform version 7.0.
New approach in assembly, disassembly and maintenance processes I4.0 by displaying in augmented reality environment
Authors: Bocák R , Holubek R , Tirian G O
Published: March 2022

In the current ever-accelerating time of deployment of new production systems associated by various manipulating, technological and maintenance procedures, there is a demand from the point of view of the industrial sphere for shortening these operations and efficiency of the selected processes. It is the ability to visualize these processes using modern augmented reality (AR) technology that is the way to achieve the desired aspects. Visualization via smartphones, tablets, headsets in the AR environment allows users to provide comprehensive information with the exact procedure and information about the required tasks (assembly, disassembly, service operations, maintenance, wiring diagrams, etc.). The use of AR technology, also in view of the ongoing pandemic situation Covid 19, makes possible to involve less qualified operators in the industrial sphere. Deployment of the less skilled operators in the production sphere, using AR technology, can make up for the shortage of skilled labour that is currently lacking in every industry. In this way, it is also possible to keep the industrial sector in good condition without undesirable factors such as production shutdowns, long service operations, and poorly trained service personnel.
The impact of communication on microgrid control
Authors: Rat C L , Ichim-Burlacu C , Panoiu M
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with the microgrid communication systems and their impact on the microgrid control system. Regardless of the control structure, a microgrid cannot exist without a communication system. An efficient and reliable communication network ensures the possibility of implementing a secure, durable and cost-effective microgrid. The configuration of the communication network depends on many factors, like the structure of the microgrid, the control objectives, the implementation costs, the maintenance costs, etc. In the case of centralized control, all relevant data from the entire system is collected and processed in a single controller. The failure of a communication link in this central controller may cause the entire microgrid to fail. Therefore, the existence of a robust and reliable communication system is vital and the creation of redundant communication links is also recommended. The situation is different in the case of decentralized control, where communication is limited to local controllers, but this leads to limited performance, therefore it is preferable for such microgrids to have at least a very basic communication system composed of simple and inexpensive communication network. In the case of distributed control, each subsystem has its own local controller (LC) with the ability to communicate with other controllers for the purpose of exchanging information. Thus, the most advantageous communication network architecture is a hybrid one that consists of a combination of centralized and decentralized control methods.
Efficiency of a small power photovoltaic installation connected to the low voltage network
Authors: Spunei E , Piroi I , Piroi F
Published: March 2022

Deploying photovoltaic installations to cover the electrical energy requirements of home and industrial consumer is both a national and an international trend. The aim of the research is to analyse the efficiency of the photovoltaic installation based on recordings and measurements. In this work, we present a case study for a 40 kW photovoltaic installation deployed for an industrial consumer. For a period of eleven days, we measured the energy levels that the consumer absorbed both from the national energy network and from the photovoltaic installation. We conclude that the photovoltaic installation covers approximately half of the energy required by the industrial consumer.
Study about numerical relay 7SA612, the basic protection of 220 kV overhead transmission line
Authors: Iagăr A , Popa G N , Diniş C M
Published: March 2022

In this work we analyzed the numerical relay 7SA612, which represents the basic protection of 220 kV overhead transmission lines starting from the Mintia electric station. The main function of 7SA612 relay is the distance protection; in addition, this relay offers a multitude of protection functions. We used the computer-controlled Omicron CMC 356 set for testing the 7SA612 relay at its mounting location. Test Universe, the software of CMC 356, allowed the simulation of all possible overhead transmission lines faults, in order to test the protection functions of 7SA612 relay. 7SA612 relay clears fast and selectively the faults on the analyzed 220 kV overhead transmission line. The tests showed that 7SA612 relay incorporates all the necessary functions for the protection of 220 kV overhead transmission lines, both in the case of single-phase and poly-phase faults.
Monitoring and analysis of the multi-disc comminution characteristics
Authors: Kruszelnicka W
Published: March 2022

Comminution processes are one of the most commonly used in food, chemical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industry as well as the part of the recycling activities. Disc or multi-disc mills play and important role in the comminution of biomaterials cause of their high effectiveness and throughput. One of the challenges, which the comminution technology has been facing for the long time, is decreasing the energy consumption and increasing throughput. To achieve this, the complex knowledge about the comminution process inside the mill should be available. For this reason, the in-time monitoring systems of comminution characteristics, which ensures identification of the relations between changes of process parameters and comminution characteristics, for example power consumption, size reduction ratio, throughput, and specific energy consumption were applicated to the mills. This study was aimed to analyze and identify certain relationships between comminution process control parameters (eg. speed of dosing the batch, velocity of comminution elements) and comminution characteristics. The experiment on five-disc mill was carried out to achieve the goals. The different disc velocities and batch dosing speeds were tested during rice and corn comminution. The results show that the power consumption during the process is correlated with disc velocities cumulative gradient and the throughput correlated with batch dosing speed.
Reinforcing concrete with recycled plastic wastes
Authors: Baciu A M , Kiss I , Desnica E , Sárosi J
Published: March 2022

Solid waste is one of the many factors that negatively affect the environment. The plastic is an important type of solid waste with a strong environmental impact, all types of plastic used in daily life becoming, sooner or later, waste. Therefore, increasing consumption of various types of plastic products is one of the most important challenges in environmental protection. From different perspectives, waste reuse is important because it helps to recycle in the production process, reduces environmental pollution, and helps sustain and conserve non–renewable natural resources. On another hand, many constructions require precise techniques and technologies that can utilize a number of new materials. Also, the lightweight building material industry is considered useful in promoting reused materials. In this context, the use of simple concrete and reinforced concrete is somewhat restricted by specific phenomena such as: cracking, fire resistance, shrinkage, shock resistance, wear resistance, durability, etc. For this reason, an improvement in the performance of the concrete can be obtained by adding in their mass of reinforcements dispersed in the form of fibres from different materials. The dispersed reinforced concrete results in the inclusion of a variable amount of discontinuous fibres in the concrete mass. These fibres can be of different types and sizes and have different properties. This type of reinforcements has become a major research subject in recent years. Therefore, using plastic waste in the materials industry is an environmental solution to minimize the proportion of landfills used in waste incineration. Reusing plastics as concrete additives could also redirect old water and soda bottles, the bulk of which would otherwise end up in a landfill. Research has focused on the impact of adding plastic material to fresh and hardened concrete. This study aims to investigate the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes in concrete.
Unconventional method of cutting aluminum plates using fiber laser with oxygen assist gas
Authors: Zgripcea L , Socalici A , Putan V , Birtok Băneasă C
Published: March 2022

The process of cutting aluminum plates is widely used in automotive industry, especial in the last years for new electrical vehicles. Conventional method of cutting uses CO2 and fiber lasers together with nitrogen used as assist gas. This paper presents new method of cutting aluminum sheets using pulsed fiber laser in combination with oxygen instead of nitrogen. Experiments were made using different frequencies for the laser pulse in order to minimize laser dross, minimize kerf size, maximize cutting speed and maximize thickness range.