bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare.L) under North Plain Zone of Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors: Shivani  , Bansala Manoj Kumar , Debbarma Philipi , Bagum Archo Nissa
Published: October 2024

This article as a brief review, give concise information on the “Effect of Integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of barley under north plain zone of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Block Design with 3 Replications and 7 Treatments. Generally analysis of variance shows significant difference between the treatments. Application of T3 75%RDF+ 100% FYM 10q per ha-1 gave higher number of tillers. The higher plant height  was obtained from T3  75%RDF+ 100% FYM 10q per ha-1  .Higher spike length, Grain weight, optimum yield and economic return recommended for barley was recorded under T3  75%RDF+ 100% FYM 10q per ha-1 at Dehradun District.
Seasonal Variation in the Infestation of Helminth Parasites in Indian Major Carps, Darbhanga, India
Authors: Mehta Nitesh Kumar , Kumari Arti
Published: October 2024

The current investigation was undertaken to study of the seasonal variations in the intensity of helminth parasites in 160 specimens of Indian major carps collected from different ponds of Darbhanga district, Bihar, India. The host fish were found to parasitize there helminth endoparasites such as Bothriocephalus, cestode in intestine, Camallunus nematode in stomach, Dactylogyrus flukes in gills and Gyrodactylus flukes in skin. These parasites revealed seasonal fluctuation in their prevalence percentage, mean intensity and abundance. The highest prevalence and abundance was recorded for Dactylogyrus (70.21 and 18.33) in winter months followed by summer (42.51 and 10.66), post monsoon (10.51 and 5.66) and in monsoon months (6.65 and 3.33). Similarly the highest prevalence and abundance was recorded for Gyrodactylus in winter (7.91 and 2.05) but lowest in monsoon (2.01 and 0.66). The winter month did not show infection of any endoparasites Camalluns and Bothriocephalus. The observed seasonal variations have been attributed to temperature, feeding habit and lifecycle patterns of the parasites. The present investigation concludes that winter and summer seasons as the most susceptible seasons to parasitic attacks in Indian major carps.
Assessment of Heavy Metal of Water and Its Impact on Fishes of Kachpoor Lake, Kamareddy, Telangana, India
Authors: Thirumala Malsoor , Naik S. Jithender Kumar , Vanaja K. , Kumar Kalikota Pavan
Published: October 2024

This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of bioaccumulation and its impacts on freshwater fish. It examines the gradual buildup of heavy metals including mercury, lead, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic in fish tissues as a consequence of industrial pollution, agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The study highlights the adverse effects of bioaccumulation on fish health, including impaired reproductive capabilities, abnormal development, and organ damage. Furthermore, it emphasizes the risks associated with the consumption of contaminated aquatic food, which poses significant threats to human health. The paper advocates for addressing heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems through the adoption of effective waste management strategies, the reduction of industrial emissions, sustainable agricultural practices, and the continuous monitoring of fish populations. Such measures are critical in minimizing the accumulation of heavy metals in freshwater fish, thereby protecting both aquatic life and public health.
Prevalence and Effects of Endosymbiotic Bacterium Wolbachia in Spider Mites: Interactions and Implications for Pest Management
Authors: K P Naithikaraj , Kaimal Sangeetha G , Punathil Thejass
Published: October 2024

Spider mites are pests of crops and ornamental plants. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and causes huge economic loss by yield reduction. Wolbachia is a prevalent endosymbiont in spider mites. Wolbachia imparts cytoplasmic incopmpatibility, parthenogenesis, mitochondrial DNA variation, behavioural changes, and varied effects on fecundity and longevity in spider mites. Co-infection with other endosymbiotic bacteria such as Cardinium, Spiroplasma and Rickettsia are also common with profound effects on host mites, host bacterial flora and host plants.32 species of spider mites belonging to 9 genera are reported to have infected with Wolbachia. Highest infection is reported in tetranychus genera followed by bryobia.The detection, effects and applications of Wolbachia infection in spider mites are discussed. Wolbachia prevalence in the spider mite host is greatly dependent upon the host genotype, Wolbachia density and environmental factors. Dissecting the Wolbachia-spider mite interactions may enhance knowledge on evolutionary and ecological aspects of animal microbe interactions. This study will contribute to understand the Wolbachia- spider mite interactions and may pave way to the control of this agricultural pest.
Avian Richness in Dongargarh-Dhaara Forest Area: A Baseline Study for Future Conservation, District Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Bhatia Gurprit Singh , Siddiqui Saman , Pandey Chiranjeev
Published: October 2024

The Dongargarh-Dhaara Forest, situated in north-west region of Rajnandgaon District of Chhattisgarh, India, represents a crucial habitat for avian biodiversity. This study presents a comprehensive checklist of the avian fauna within this reserve forest, aiming to document the diversity and provide a baseline for future conservation efforts. Systematic surveys were conducted over a period of one year, from January 2022 to December 2022, covering various seasons to account for migratory, local migratory and resident bird species. Standard ornithological methods, including point counts and transect walks, were employed to ensure robust data collection. A total of 289 bird species were recorded, belonging to 56 families, 289 genera and 19 orders. Among these, several species of conservation concern were identified, including the Grey-headed Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus ichthyaetus) laggar falcon (Falco jugger) Ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca), painted stork (Mycteria leucocephala), black-headed ibis or Oriental white ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), are listed on the IUCN Red List. The avian community structure showed a dominance of Passeriformies species, reflecting the diverse habitats ranging from dense forest canopies to open grasslands and water bodies within the reserve forest. The findings highlight the Dongargarh-Dhaara Forest as a significant avian biodiversity hotspot in the region. The presence of a variety of species, including endemic and migratory birds, underscores the ecological importance of this forest and the need for its conservation. -This checklist serves as a vital resource for ornithologists, conservationists, and policy-makers, providing a foundation for monitoring avian population trends and implementing effective management strategies to preserve this rich avian heritage.
Effects of Amiodarone on the Glucose Lowering Effect of Glimepiride: An Animal Experiment
Authors: Khedkar Jyotsna Pandit , Salunke Prashant Suresh , Mahajan Harshal Dilip , Shaikh Tanvirahmad Jamaloddin , Bagul Mayur Ashok , Patil Ujwal Hansraj
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the current study was to ascertain how the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone, which was given to normal and diabetic rats in numerous doses over seven days, affected the hypoglycemic effect of glimepiride. Finding the medication interaction between glimepiride and amiodarone in rats was the aim of the study. Six healthy and six diabetic rats of both sexes participated in these investigations. Amiodarone (50 mg/kg body weight) and glimepiride (0.41 mg/kg) were the medication doses provided. Oral administration of the drug was used. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein at prearranged intervals, and the Glucose oxidase peroxidase method was applied to calculate the amount of glucose. The results showed that in both normal and diabetic rats, amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, affected the hypoglycemic effect of glimepiride when administered alone or combined with glimepiride. i.e., in healthy albino rats the amiodarone given for a week, the onset of hypoglycemia with glimepiride was increased i.e., (from 16.58±0.61% to 27.89±0.62% at 1st hour), the duration and peak hypoglycemia were both prolonged i.e., (from 17.32±0.62% to 27.14±2.63%) and (from 46.77±0.52% to 60.67±0.67% at 8th hour respectively. In diabetic rats, the hypoglycemia's peak and duration increased i.e., (from 44.50±0.66% to 60.88±0.62% at the 8th hour) and (from 15.97±0.49% and increased to 28.52±1.21% post at 24 hours) respectively. This study suggests that in the case of amiodarone and glimepiride combined use, therapeutic drug monitoring is required in order to adjust the dose.
Revisión sistemática: inteligencia artificial en la transformación de la educación primaria
Authors: Robalino Ibarra Cinthia Paola , Chicaiza Marchan Kattia Alcira , Coello Rivas Crisostomo Ricardo , Castillo Mainato Alex Francisco
Published: October 2024

La investigación busca analizar la transformación de la educación primaria a través de la inteligencia artificial (IA), destacando cómo esta tecnología está revolucionando el aprendizaje, la evaluación y la gestión educativa. La IA se presenta como una solución a problemas históricos como la inequidad educativa y las altas tasas de deserción escolar, especialmente en América Latina, ofreciendo personalización del aprendizaje y mejorando la eficiencia en el aula. El objetivo de este estudio busca realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la implementación de IA en la educación primaria, la metodología que se utilizó fue el método PRISMA para la revisión sistemática, evaluando estudios entre 2016 y 2024. Se seleccionaron 13 artículos relevantes de bases de datos como Google Scholar, Scopus y Dialnet Plus, que tratan temas como el aprendizaje adaptativo, la evaluación automatizada y la personalización del aprendizaje en la educación primaria. Obteniendo como resultados los hallazgos revelan que la IA mejora la personalización del aprendizaje, la identificación temprana de dificultades y la automatización de evaluaciones, lo que aumenta la eficiencia en el proceso educativo. Sin embargo, desafíos como la brecha digital, la limitada infraestructura tecnológica y la formación insuficiente de los docentes son obstáculos significativos, particularmente en áreas rurales. Llegando a la conclusión que la IA tiene un gran potencial para transformar la educación primaria, pero su implementación efectiva requiere enfrentar los desafíos tecnológicos y éticos, además de desarrollar políticas públicas que garanticen el acceso equitativo y la capacitación docente.
O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR NO SISTEMA PRISIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA REALIDADE ENTRE GRADES
Authors: MARIA PAULINA BARBOSA ANTÔNIA
Published: October 2024

Nesta tese, discutiu-se o papel da educação no sistema prisional brasileiro, com foco na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), destacando como essa modalidade educacional pode contribuir para a ressocialização de detentos, a melhoria da qualidade de vida e a redução da reincidência criminal. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi analisar a percepção dos reeducandos sobre a educação oferecida pela EJA no Colégio Estadual Dona Lourdes Estivalete Teixeira, em Aparecida de Goiânia - GO, observando sua contribuição para o sucesso profissional, a reintegração à sociedade, a redução da reincidência criminal e a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Objetivou-se, também, verificar se as políticas públicas implementadas no contexto prisional têm impacto significativo na qualidade da educação. Adotou-se as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando um estudo de caso com coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas de campo. A amostra envolveu 60 (sessenta) reeducandos da EJA de Ensino Médio, 12 (doze) professores, 01 (um) diretor e 02 (dois) coordenadores. Os principais resultados indicaram que os profissionais de educação, envolvidos na EJA Prisional do Colégio Estadual Dona Lourdes Estivalete Teixeira, situado dentro da Penitenciária Coronel Odenir Guimarães – Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás/Brasil, são altamente qualificados e demonstram forte compromisso com a formação continuada. Essa formação foi reconhecida como crucial para a eficácia do processo de ensino e para a ressocialização dos reeducandos. Entre os reeducandos entrevistados, 70% consideraram a educação um fator fundamental para a ressocialização, 63% valorizaram a presença da escola no ambiente prisional, e 61% reconheceram que a educação facilita a recolocação profissional. Ademais, 61% dos reeducandos acreditaram que a educação contribui para a redução da reincidência criminal. Esses resultados destacaram o impacto positivo da EJA na vida dos detentos, como também a necessidade urgente de fortalecer políticas educacionais que integrem formação acadêmica e profissional dentro do sistema prisional. Concluiu-se que a educação prisional é um importante instrumento de ressocialização, proporcionando dignidade aos detentos e reduzindo a reincidência criminal. Destacou-se, ainda, que a educação de qualidade dentro das prisões contribui para o desenvolvimento pessoal dos reeducandos e, também, para uma reintegração mais eficiente na sociedade.
Implementasi Backpropagation Untuk Rekomendasi Jurusan Peminatan Mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Informatika Di Universitas Islam Balitar
Authors: Raihan Muhammad Iqbal , Budiman Saiful Nur , Mawaddah Udkhiati
Published: October 2024

Jaringan syaraf tiruan khususnya menggunakan metode backpropagation, telah menunjukkan efektivitasnya dalam berbagai aplikasi prediksi dan klasifikasi, termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis metode backpropagation dalam memprediksi jurusan peminatan mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Islam Balitar Blitar. Penggunaan metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah teknik penelitian kuantitatif. Dataset yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari dokumen nilai mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Informatika angkatan 2020 – 2021 sebanyak 47 data nilai mahasiswa. Data tersebut melalui proses normalisasi untuk memastikan konsistensi dan skala yang seragam. Setelah normalisasi, data dibagi menjadi dua jenis, yakni 38 data untuk pelatihan dan 9 data untuk pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode backpropagation mampu memberikan hasil akurasi terbaik sebesar 88%. Hasil tersebut akan menjadi lebih baik dengan menambahkan jumlah dataset yang digunakan
Phytochemical screening of some selected Sudanese medicinal plants
Authors: Ahmed Ali Mustafa  , Amna Yousif Mohamed  , Haifa Abbas Awad  , Adam Bashir
Published: October 2024

In this study, aims to assess the phytochemicals screening for chloroform, acetone and water extracts of Mentha spicata, Solenostemma argel, Ocimum basilicum, Linum usitatissimum, and Ziziphus spina- christi, from the Sudan. The results showed the phytochemical screening the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and/or stroids and alkaloids. The chloroform extract of Ocimum basilicum and Linum usitatissimum present in all testes, whereas chloroform acetone and water extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi shown in all testes. The results obtained showed the Mentha spicata, Solenostemma argel, Ocimum basilicum, Linum usitatissimum, and Ziziphus spina- christi, were a good source of food and therapeutic agents which could be use pharmaceutical industries and could then be useful in the classification of this plants.
A review of the application of probiotics and prebiotics for sustainable development of aquaculture
Authors: Alemu Kebede Abdi  , Demessa Negessu Gemachu
Published: October 2024

Aquaculture is one of the wildest developing food-producing subdivisions of the world. World aquaculture has vastly developed during the previous few years, and also attracts an economically significant sector. Like any other production sector aquaculture is also exposed to pressure conditions that induce the aquaculture,s immune system. Also, some factors increase their vulnerability to diseases. Accordingly, it disturbs both the financial development and socio-economic status of the local people in several developed and developing nations specifically developing nations. The disease regulator strategy in aquaculture production has succeeded by following different approaches expanding traditional methods: artificial chemicals, and antibiotics. The practice of antimicrobial drugs and pesticides has directed the evolution of resistant straining of bacteria. Consequently, other techniques are much more vital to maintaining a healthy bacteriological environment in aquaculture production organizations. The recent review précises and deliberates the effects of probiotics and prebiotics direction on growth performance, stress forbearance, intestinal microbiota, immune response, and well-being of aquatic organisms.
Assessment of productive and reproductive performance of disseminated Abera sheep to different districts of Sidama Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Dekamo Fiseha Lomiso  , Sunkurta Digesa Jilo  , Debri Legesse Belay
Published: October 2024

Small ruminant production such as sheep production is an important activity for smallholders, particularly for resource poor farmers in many parts of the country. The aim of this study is to assess productive and reproductive performance and to identify constraints affecting sheep productivity in selected districts of Sidama region, Ethiopia. Two stage purposive sampling strategies was employed to select study area. In the first stage, four districts such as Bursa, Arbegona, Gorche and Melga were selected based on information indication of place that Abera ram distribution taken place. Then, in the second stage two kebeles from each district were purposively selected to carry out research work. Thirty individuals have been selected and improved Abera ram was selected from each study woreda. Selection of individual was based better experience in animal husbandry and modality in the kebele. A total of 120 individuals were selected for this study based on criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured formal questionnaires and focus group discussions. The mean age at first service for male Abera cross sheep in Arbegona, Bursa, Melga and Gorche districts were 7.23 ± 1.33, 7.43 ± 0.85, 7.0 ± 1.61 and 7.24 ± 1.24, respectively. The mean age at first service for female Abera cross sheep in Arbegona, Bursa, Melga and Gorche districts were 7.5 ± 1.33, 7.63 ± 1.27, 7.2 ± 1.27and 7.5 ± 1.47, respectively. The mean age at first lambing for Abera crossbred ewes were 14.3 ± 2.5, 13.68 ± 2.12, 14.45 ± 2.7 and 14.78 ± 2.55 months for Arbegona, Bursa, Melga and Gorche, respectively. The current mean lambing interval for Abera crossbred ewes were 9.6 ± 1.32, 9.83 ± 1.48, 9.6 ± 1.42 and 9.7 ± 1.36 months for Arbegona, Bursa, Malga and Gorche, respectively. The improvements in reproductive performance of sheep after Abera sheep crossbreeding were observed in all districts when compared to their local counterparts. The Abera rams and its crossbred progeny showed high adaptation to locally available feeds and waters and tolerance to disease and parasite load in the areas. Moreover, crossbreds from the ram were better preferred by the farmers for their overall merit of both adaptation and productivity. Disease prevalence and shortage of feed are the most important sheep production constraints and therefore efforts should be made on improving veterinary service and the feed availability.
Effect of water soluble and soil soluble salts on growth and nutrient uptake pathway of halophyte
Authors: Arisha Akram  , Ammara Yaseen  , Shehrooz Afzal
Published: October 2024

The area of earth affected by salinity is expanding gradually because in agribusiness, salinization of water or soil is one of the world’s most genuine ecological issues. Due to presence of excess salts in soil or water, most of yield of crops affected. Most of the problems due to salinity are described by most of inorganic salts. The salinity is shaped under the most important climatic states because due to reduced molecular activity of water causes increase in water vaporization. For most of the important crops, mean yield is only a fraction, somewhere between 20% and 50% of listed yield; mostly all this waste is due to lack of rain and salinity rich soil, climatic states which will aggregate in most area as the consequence of worldwide environmental change. In addition to this, salt-effected soil is adjacent to the territories in which the salinity is produced by the low quality of the waterlogging method of moisten. The physiological and metabolic developments in plants are stimulated by the saline soil but growth is affected by it. As a result of the salinity stress, plants hold against, ovule growth, life span, yield, and its divisions. Due to salinity, photosynthesis, and rate of respiration of plants are decreased. Some of plants grow better under saline environment than normal condition. Population of world is increasing rapidly and development of industries, agricultural land is declining day by day. Therefore, it is necessary to use the affected area to fulfil the needs of food. Anyhow, there is a requirement to make the easy and low-cost biological systems which can be used in short period ways because comparable means are extensive. For salt ability to last, hereditary change will transpire to be steadily essential as it requires to be major to make the border of the soil. In conclusion both soil and water salts are major harmful threats which are adversely affecting the agricultural environment.
The potential of water hyacinth ash as source of alkali soap for soap making: An alternative option to control environmental pollution
Authors: Legesse Adane Bahiru  , Kefale Firew  , Tegene Tesfaye Tole
Published: October 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the potential of water hyacinth as a source of alkali solution for soap making and also its utilization as a possible option for its control. The ash of water hyacinth was boiled with distilled water to prepare the alkali solution. Alkalinity (pH) the resulting solution was tested using chemical indicators and pH meter to assess its suitability for soap making, and it was found to be 10.85. The prepared alkali solution was heated with used cooking oils to prepare soap by a process known as saponification. The moisture content, total free alkali content, total fatty matter and the pH values of the prepared soap materials were found to be in the ranges of 24.3-37.8%, 0.46-0.77, 68.2-72.8 and 9.82-10.33%, respectively. These values are in acceptable ranges for good grade laundry soaps. The data also suggested that water hyacinth ash can be used as source of alkali solution for soap making. It is, therefore, possible to control environmental pollution caused by water hyacinth using its ash in soap making.
Nucleic nitrogenous bases complementary: A DFT investigation
Authors: Mustapha Cherkaoui  , EL Hassane Mourid
Published: October 2024

In DNA, the complementarity of the two strands or bases is based on Watson-Crick principle. This associates a complementary base with each base. Thus, to each base A (Adenine) of a strand is associated with a base T (Thymine) of the complementary strand, and vice versa. Moreover, to each C (Cytosine) base of a strand is associated with a G (Guanine) base of the complementary strand, and vice versa. Moreover, the double helix assembly requires an opposite orientation of the two complementary strands, for the reason it can be said that the double helix took an antiparallel orientation. All the heterogeneous combinations of the different DNA bases have been studied theoretically at B3LYP/6–311G (d,p) level of calculation. The results obtained confirm the experimental observations, namely the specific affinity of the following pairs (A/T) and (G/C). The phenomenon of denaturation was also raised by the study. It can be noticed that Adenine and Guanine are purines, while that Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil are pyrimidines.
Management of invasive alien weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L) through allelopathic and competitive plants and chemicals in Ethiopian agriculture
Authors: Zehara Mohammed Damtew
Published: October 2024

The study conducted evaluated potential of extracts of selected plant species and chemicals on growth of P. hysterophorus. Since the impact of parthenium weed has become to the status of being an extensive economic and social problems of Ethiopian farmers. The experiment identified herbicidal potential of Aregemon mexicana leaf, stem and root extracts and 2, 4-D on seed germination and early seedling growths of parthenium at under field pot condition. Aqueous extracts of 6, 8 and 10 % (w/v), obtained from dry leaves, stem root of Aregemon mexicana plants and 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 % of 2, 4-D herbicide. The overall germination, shoot and root growth means of A. mexicana extract and 2, 4-D, herbicidal treatments were significant (p<0.0001). Germination hinder by 2, 4-D and A. mexicana stem extracts, which inhibited the germination by (74.4 and 69.3 %) respectively from the control (82.2 %) and the lowest was A. mexicana root extract (54.8 %) in invitro. In the pot experiment the overall growth parameter means of plant extract and herbicidal treatments were significantly lower than the distilled water treated plants. A. mexicana stem resulted 100 % mortality at active growth stage of the parthenium plant, and 2, 4- D also showed best suppressed growth effects. A. mexicana leaf and root gave remarkable seed suppression of (93-94%) at 10 % concentration. Then we conclude that species like A. Mexicana and chemicals like 2, 4-D and are good candidates for future parthenium management. The Small holder farmers adopted mechanical control measures, while, it is most serious is not tackled by these farmers, integrate with other management options such as competitive plants and chemicals may appear to be satisfactory. However further research is required to progress our understanding of the interference mechanisms between parthenium and these species, on how to integrate with other management options and cost effectiveness of the methods.
A review of the determination of nitrogen fertilizer levels for maize in different ethiopian agro-ecologies
Authors: Mohammed Kedir
Published: October 2024

Fertilizers need to be used judiciously to avoid negative, undesirable impacts on ecology and ensure the sustainability of agricultural production systems. Accordingly, site-specific nutrient management approaches aim to achieve efficient fertilizer use, which increases profitability for farmers and results in high production per unit of area applied. Hence, the objective of this review was to investigate the determination of optimum nitrogen fertilizer rates for maize production in different agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. As several research findings have shown, the application of different nitrogen fertilizers significantly affects various aspects of growth, yield, and yield components of maize crops. Based on this, the review showed that growth, yield, and yield parameters of maize crops increased with increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer. The review showed that the highest growth, yield, and yield-related parameters of maize in Ethiopia's different agro-ecologies were obtained from 65 kg/ha to 138 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer. As found in this review, the response of the maize crop to nitrogen fertilizer gives a different reflection at a different location. It was concluded that nitrogen fertilizer recommendations should be given to site-specific locations. Therefore, rather than simply recommend a single rate of nitrogen fertilizer to different agro-ecology and soil types of the country, it is necessary to conduct soil test-based, plant tissue analysis, and the response of maize crops to nitrogen fertilizer correlated with site-specific locations are recommended to determine nitrogen fertilizer to attain optimum production and sustainable production of maize crops.
Redefining leadership: the role of gender in shaping organizational culture
Authors: Kevin Namiiro Kuteesa  , Adebukola Olufunke Dagunduro  , Ayo Amen Ediae  , Chidinma Favour Chikwe
Published: October 2024

This review paper explores the evolving dynamics of gender and leadership, emphasizing how gender-inclusive leadership shapes organizational culture. The study begins by examining the historical perspectives on leadership and gender, highlighting how traditional views have often marginalized diverse leadership styles. It then delves into modern leadership paradigms, showcasing the positive cultural shifts from gender diversity in leadership roles. The discussion extends to the impact of gender-inclusive leadership on innovation, employee engagement, and organizational performance. Key findings indicate that inclusive leadership fosters a more collaborative and adaptive culture and enhances innovation and employee morale. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for organizations to promote gender-inclusive leadership and suggests future research directions further to understand the complex interplay between gender and leadership.
Cross Sectional Study About Intra-Individual and Inter-Individual Variability of Subjective Effort in Submaximal Sprint Running in Collegiate Male Sprinters
Authors: Tokutake Gaku , Ueta Kenji
Published: October 2024

Background: Although subjective exercise intensity is widely used to monitor training load in athletes, the reliability of subjective effort (SE) during high-intensity sprint running has not yet been established. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the intra-individual and inter-individual variability in sprint running performance at different SE levels. Methods: Eighteen male collegiate sprinters participated in the study. We measured 60 m sprint running performance at four SE levels (60% SE, 80% SE, 90% SE, and 100% SE) every day for 5 days. The coefficient of variation (CV) of each participant’s 5-day performance (60 m sprint time (60T) and 40 - 50 m interval average speed (SP)) was calculated to assess the intra-individual variability of SE. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare 60 T, SP, and the CVs of 60 T and SP across the different SE levels. Results: The SP ratios of each submaximal sprint (60% SE, 80% SE, 90% SE) to the maximal sprint (100% SE) were 89.72 ± 1.62%, 95.50 ± 1.08%, and 98.11 ± 0.56%, respectively. The inter-individual variation at each SE level for 60T was inversely related to the SE level (60% SE: 3.25%, 80% SE: 2.31%, 90% SE: 2.06%, and 100% SE: 1.54%). Significant differences were found in the intra-individual variability (CV) of 60 T between 60% SE (2.22 ± 0.35%) and 90% SE (1.42 ± 0.22%), 60% SE and 100% SE (1.40 ± 0.30%), 80% SE (1.95 ± 0.32%) and 90% SE, and between 80% SE and 100% SE (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Intra- and inter-individual variation at all SE levels were below 5%, indicating that SE is a reliable indicator of sprint running intensity. However, the lower the SE, the greater the variability, suggesting SE is most suitable for higher-intensity sprint running.
Feeding and Swallowing Disorders and Related Factors in Iranian Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Mokhlesin Maryam , Ghoreishi Zahra Sadat , Tohidast Seyed Abolfazl , Rashidan Saeed , Asadi Mozhgan
Published: October 2024

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at a heightened risk of developing feeding and swallowing disorders, which are influenced by a variety of medical, cultural, psychosocial, and nutritional factors. The prevalence rates of these disorders vary widely across different studies, highlighting the complexity and multifaceted nature of these challenges. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of feeding and swallowing disorders and to explore the factors associated with the severity of swallowing issues in Iranian children with CP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 111 Iranian children with CP. The study assessed feeding and swallowing problems through clinical evaluations and parental reports. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20, utilizing chi-square and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests. Results: The study found that feeding and swallowing problems are common among Iranian children with CP, with 79.2% of children having feeding disorders and 78.3% experiencing swallowing difficulties. Of particular concern, 40.5% of the children showed issues during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, and 12.6% exhibited unsafe swallowing patterns. There were significant correlations between the severity of swallowing issues and several factors: Malnutrition (P ≤ 0.001), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (P = 0.007), motor impairment (P ≤ 0.001), and caregiver concern (P ≤ 0.001). Malnutrition was found in 60% of the children, yet only 23% were receiving dietary supplements, and a mere 2.7% were using tube feeding. Conclusions: Feeding and swallowing disorders, along with malnutrition, are highly prevalent in Iranian children with CP. The positive correlation between the severity of swallowing issues and malnutrition underscores the critical need for early, multidisciplinary interventions to address these challenges.
Investigating Criteria for Weaning from Ventilators in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vafaee Deh Baghi Kamran , Fallahi Masood , Chale Chale Maryam , Hemmati Mahvan , Ghasemi Hooman , Darvishi Niloufar
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate optimal techniques for weaning patients in Iranian intensive care units from ventilator support. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies on Iran's latest ventilator weaning methods were examined. Two researchers independently assessed the studies after transferring the studies to EndNote software and eliminating duplicates. A third collaborator resolved any disagreements and made the final decision. The evaluation encompassed primary, secondary, qualitative assessment, and data extraction stages. Results: The initial database search identified 1103 potentially relevant articles and was managed using EndNote software. After excluding 235 duplicates, screening based on title and abstract led to the exclusion of 457 articles from the remaining 868. During eligibility evaluation, 402 articles were excluded from 411 studies after thoroughly examining the complete text, aligning with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The qualitative assessment, guided by STROBE and CONSORT checklists, found all nine remaining studies satisfactory methodological quality. Consequently, these nine studies were included in the final analysis. Conclusions: Prioritizing, identifying, and implementing strategies for successful mechanical ventilation weaning is crucial for research and quality improvement. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on diverse methods to enhance ventilator weaning success in Iran. Nevertheless, additional studies are warranted to further ascertain ventilator-weaning strategies' effectiveness.
Comparing the Effect of Rosemary and Ketamine Gargles on Voice Hoarseness and Sore Throat After Tracheal Intubation
Authors: Safavi Mohammad Reza , Honarmand Azim , Nazemroaya Behzad , Bidkalame Roza
Published: October 2024

Background: This study compared the effects of rosemary and ketamine gargling on voice hoarseness and sore throat after tracheal intubation. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 116 patients who required general anesthesia and were randomly divided into intervention (30 drops of rosemary extract and 40mg of ketamine) and control (30 mL distilled water) groups using Randomize Allocation software. The measurement methods for obtaining information in the current study included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, GRBAS (Grade of Hoarseness; Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain), the auditory scale for the severity of voice hoarseness, and a questionnaire to evaluate the patient’s level of satisfaction. Then, the data was imported into SPSS V. 25 after data gathering. Results: The results revealed that patients of the three groups did not indicate significant hemodynamic changes, including the parameters systolic blood pressure (P = 0.73), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.97), SpO2 level (P = 0.6), and heart rate (P = 0.31). However, the sore throat pain intensity of the rosemary group was significantly lower (P = 0.0008). The difference in time of the first pain sensation significantly differed among the three groups (P = 0.011). However, the mean pethidine administration of the control group (P = 0.003) was significantly higher, and the control group's satisfaction level (P = 0.02) was significantly lower. Conclusions: Gargling rosemary solution and ketamine did not affect the voice hoarseness after tracheal intubation, but the rosemary group had lower sore throat pain intensity.
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic Acid (AKBA) Ameliorates Histopathological and Oxidative Stress Brain Disorders in the Experimental Model of Cuprizone-induced Demyelination
Authors: Sameni Setayesh , Gholizadeh Khalsara Maryam , Sameni Hamid Reza
Published: October 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheath (demyelination) and neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), with several factors contributing to its development. Objectives: This study investigated the impact of administering acetyl 11-keto-beta boswellic acid (AKBA) in an animal model of cuprizone-induced demyelination. Methods: Thirty-two C57BL/6 female mice (WT; 20 - 25 g, 8 - 10 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control (CO), (2) Cuprizone-treated (CPZ, 0.3%), (3) AKBA + CPZ (50 mg/kg, pre-treatment), and (4) CPZ + AKBA (50 mg/kg, post-treatment). At the end of the study, the weight and movement balance of the animals were assessed using the rotarod test. After sampling the brain, the extent of the demyelination area in the corpus callosum was measured with Luxol Fast Blue staining, the number of oligodendrocyte cells was determined by immunohistochemistry, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as oxidative stress factors in the brain tissue were measured. Results: The use of acetyl-11-keto-beta boswellic acid in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model prevented weight loss, increased animal resistance in the rotarod test, and reduced the demyelination rate in the corpus callosum. Additionally, AKBA elevated the number of oligodendrocytes and total antioxidant capacity levels while reducing malondialdehyde levels in brain tissue. Pretreatment with AKBA exhibited a more significant effect. Conclusions: This study showed that acetyl-11-keto-beta boswellic acid, an important active substance of the frankincense plant, likely protects the nervous system and neurons in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model by preventing the decrease in the number of oligodendrocytes, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing the destruction of myelin.
Comparative Study of Nursing Informatics Competencies in Educators, Students, and Clinical Nurses
Authors: Afra Arghavan , Ban Maryam , Seneysel Bachari Shima
Published: October 2024

Background: Nursing informatics refers to a specialty in nursing that influences the learning environment, interprofessional collaboration, patient care, strategic planning, and patient satisfaction. Nursing informatics competency has been identified as a critical factor influencing the quality-of-care services. Nurses must integrate informatics into clinical decision-making processes. Objectives: This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of nursing informatics competency among nursing educators, students, and clinical nurses. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2023 at the nursing faculty of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. The study sample included 670 participants: Nursing educators, students, and clinical nurses. Nursing educators and students were selected through a census method, while clinical nurses were chosen via random sampling. Data were collected using the Nursing Informatics Competency Assessment Tool (NICAT) and demographic questionnaires. The NICAT assesses informatics competency across 30 components, categorized into three dimensions: Computer literacy, informatics literacy, and information management skills. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The average nursing informatics competency score among the participants was 105.58, falling within the competent range. Nursing educators achieved the highest competency score (110.21), followed by clinical nurses (106.24) and students (103.78). The highest score was observed in informatics literacy (45.84), while the lowest score was seen in information management skills (24.59). Information management skills, computer literacy, and informatics literacy were significantly correlated with the overall nursing informatics competency score (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Nursing educators, students, and clinical nurses were found to be competent in nursing informatics. However, due to technological advancements and the growing use of electronic health services, there is a need to enhance nurses' competencies in all dimensions, particularly in information management skills. It is recommended to revise the curriculum and provide the necessary infrastructure and equipment to integrate informatics into nursing education and empower nurses.
Menguatkan Ikatan Sosial Antar Suku Dan Solusi Untuk Ketidakaktifan Remaja Desa Niur Dusun 02 Kecamatan Sukaraja
Authors: Aryati Aziza , Mirka Dera Buana , Ramdhani Annisa , Kholis Rehan Nur , Ricardo Rado , Juniarti Siska , Marlistina Via , Husin Sadam , Revika Revika , Puspita Ena , Aini Aulia Hasanatul
Published: October 2024

Indonesia is a country rich in ethnic, cultural and religious diversity, which is both a strength and a challenge in maintaining social balance. This diversity requires special efforts to build strong social ties, especially among teenagers as the nation's next generation. This research aims to identify the problem of adolescent inactivity in inter-ethnic social activities and offer solutions to strengthen these social ties. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method in Niur Village, this research found that lack of motivation and access to inter-ethnic activities as well as stigma and stereotypes were the main factors causing adolescent inactivity. To overcome this problem, multicultural education approaches and inclusive social programs that encourage positive interactions between ethnic groups have proven effective in increasing youth participation and strengthening social cohesion. The results of this research show the important role of education, social programs, and changing perspectives in society to create a generation of teenagers who are more active, tolerant, and contribute positively to social cohesion in Indonesia.
Effect of Entrepreneurship Skills Training on Agricultural Production
Authors: Wachira Daniel , Kibas Peter , Macharia Samuel
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurship skills training on agricultural productivity among small-holder coffee farmers in Kenya. Entrepreneurship in coffee farming involves innovation, effective resource management, risk-taking, and market adaptation—all essential for the entrepreneurial process. Given the critical role of coffee farming in Kenya's economy and the challenges faced by small-holder farmers, this research explores how entrepreneurial skills can enhance productivity and sustainability. A mixed-method approach was employed, with data collected from 12,000 farmers using questionnaires. A sample size of 387 was determined using Yamane's formula, and stratified random sampling was applied across 17 factories. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The results indicate that training in business planning, technology, financial management, and leadership significantly improves coffee farming performance. The study concludes that ineffective entrepreneurship training is closely linked to poor performance in coffee farming. It recommends that the government, through the ministries of agriculture and co-operatives, prioritize entrepreneurship training for small-holder coffee farmers to enhance productivity. These findings can guide future interventions aimed at reviving the coffee industry and ensuring its sustainability in Kenya.
Performance of State Corporations in Kenya: The Role of Electronic Supplier Relationship Management
Authors: Murithi Linus Ndege , Ngugi Patrick Karanja , Kiarie David
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to examine the relationship between electronic supplier relationship management (e-SRM) and the performance of state corporations in Kenya. Effective management of supplier relationships is crucial for enhancing suppliers' contributions to organizational performance. However, the adoption of electronic means for managing these relationships has been insufficiently explored, particularly in the public sector. The study focused on all 248 state corporations in Kenya, from which a sample of 153 corporations was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Employing a descriptive correlational research design, primary data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate a significant relationship between electronic supplier relationship management and the performance of state corporations in Kenya (β = 0.843, P = 0.0001 < 0.05). The study concludes that the persistent underperformance of state corporations is significantly linked to the limited adoption of electronic supplier relationship management practices. Therefore, it is recommended that state corporations, through their senior management, including heads of procurement and supply chain, integrate electronic supplier relationship management to streamline their supplier relationships and enhance overall performance.
Rethinking Rationality Attributions
Authors: Bastian Lisa ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: October 2024

Although much has been written about the property of rationality, its requirements, and whether it is normative, rationality attributions themselves have not received much attention. The main aim of this paper is to address this oversight by focussing directly on rationality attributions and their complexities. After offering a diagnosis for why attributions have been largely overlooked, the paper introduces three problems that have plagued the rationality debate as a result: implausible symmetry, conflicts within rationality, and with reasons. Brunero’s (2012) answer to the symmetry problem provides the beginnings of a solution but makes it harder to compare the rationality of agents. The remainder of the paper is dedicated to spelling out the new approach: to understand rationality attributions as relative to specific sets of attitudes. This approach circumvents the previous problems and meets a number of desiderata, resulting in a more nuanced and complete understanding of rationality that can enhance our practices of praising or criticising agents based on their rational performance.