bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Inhibition of TNFR1 and IFNAR1 in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Grine Lynda , Dejager Lien , Libert Claude , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E.
Published: April 2015

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2–3% of the world population and is mainly characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, scaling, and erythema. A prominent role for TNF in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been shown, and consequently various types of TNF antagonists such as etanercept and infliximab have been used successfully. Recently, increasing amounts of data suggest that type I IFNs are also crucial mediators of psoriasis. To investigate whether blocking their respective receptors would be useful, TNFR1- and IFNAR1-deficient mice were challenged with Aldara, which contains imiquimod, and is used as an experimental model to induce psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. Both transgenic mice showed partial protection toward Aldara-induced inflammation compared with control groups. Additionally, TNFR1 knockout mice showed sustained type I IFN production in response to Aldara. Double knockout mice lacking both receptors showed superior protection to Aldara in comparison with the single knockout mice and displayed reduced levels of IL-12p40, IL-17F, and S100A8, indicating that the TNF and type I IFN pathways contribute significantly to inflammation upon treatment with Aldara. Our findings reveal that dual inhibition of TNFR1 and IFNAR1 may represent a potential novel strategic treatment of psoriasis.
The Lung Is Protected from Spontaneous Inflammation by Autophagy in Myeloid Cells
Authors: Kanayama Masashi , He You-Wen , Shinohara Mari L.
Published: April 2015

The lung is constantly exposed to the outer environment; thus, it must maintain a state of immune ignorance or tolerance not to overrespond to harmless environmental stimuli. How cells in the lung control immune responses under nonpathogenic condition is not fully understood. In this study, we found that autophagy plays a critical role in the lung-specific immune regulation that prevents spontaneous inflammation. Autophagy in pulmonary myeloid cells plays a role in maintaining low burdens of environmental microbes in the lung, as well as in lowering mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and preventing overresponse to TLR4 ligands in alveolar macrophages. Based on these mechanisms, we also found that intranasal instillation of antibiotics or an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species was efficient in preventing spontaneous pulmonary inflammation. Thus, autophagy in myeloid cells, particularly alveolar macrophages, is critical for inhibiting spontaneous pulmonary inflammation, and pulmonary inflammation caused by dysfunctional autophagy is pharmacologically prevented.
Structural Basis for the Function of Complement Component C4 within the Classical and Lectin Pathways of Complement
Authors: Mortensen Sofia , Kidmose Rune T. , Petersen Steen V. , Szilágyi Ágnes , Prohászka Zoltan , Andersen Gregers R.
Published: April 2015

Complement component C4 is a central protein in the classical and lectin pathways within the complement system. During activation of complement, its major fragment C4b becomes covalently attached to the surface of pathogens and altered self-tissue, where it acts as an opsonin marking the surface for removal. Moreover, C4b provides a platform for assembly of the proteolytically active convertases that mediate downstream complement activation by cleavage of C3 and C5. In this article, we present the crystal and solution structures of the 195-kDa C4b. Our results provide the molecular details of the rearrangement accompanying C4 cleavage and suggest intramolecular flexibility of C4b. The conformations of C4b and its paralogue C3b are shown to be remarkably conserved, suggesting that the convertases from the classical and alternative pathways are likely to share their overall architecture and mode of substrate recognition. We propose an overall molecular model for the classical pathway C5 convertase in complex with C5, suggesting that C3b increases the affinity for the substrate by inducing conformational changes in C4b rather than a direct interaction with C5. C4b-specific features revealed by our structural studies are probably involved in the assembly of the classical pathway C3/C5 convertases and C4b binding to regulators.
Report on the 43rd International Symposium: Actual Tasks on Agricultural Engineering, 24th-27th February 2015, Opatija, Croatia
Authors: Kovacev Igor , De Wrachien Daniele
Published: April 2015

The 43rd International Symposium Actual Tasks on Agricultural Engineering was held on 24th-27th February 2015 in Grand Hotel Adriatic Opatija, Republic of Croatia. The principle Organiser, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb was supported by the following frameworks: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Department of Bio-systems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Lifesciences, University of Maribor (Slovenia), Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hungarian Institute of Agricultural Engineering Gödöllö and Croatian Agricultural Engineering Society. In addition, CIGR, EurAgEng and AAAE bestowed their support and endorsement on the Event.
Inteligência coletiva, redes sociais e capital social: em busca de conexões conceituais
Authors: Margoto Julia Bellia , Fernandes Jorge Henrique Cabral
Published: April 2015

Trata-se de um ensaio teórico cujo objetivo foi a busca por aproximações conceituais entre os fenômenos da inteligência coletiva, das redes sociais e do capital social, inseridos no contexto da sociedade da informação. Para isso, tais elementos são apresentados e discutidos à luz de diferentes autores. Verifica-se que os conceitos abordados possuem inúmeros pontos de convergência entre si, desenhando-se fortes relações de proximidade e complementaridade entre eles. Aponta-se para ideia de que a consideração destas relações nas perspectivas teóricas adotadas em pesquisas desenvolvidas nos campos em análise poderia enriquecer significativamente os resultados a serem alcançados.
Evasão e Permanência dos Estudantes de um Curso de Administração a Distância do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil: uma teoria multiparadigmática
Authors: Pacheco Andressa Sasaki Vasques , Nakayama Marina Keiko , Rissi Maurício
Published: April 2015

Esta pesquisa adota o método da Grounded Theory, por perceber a contribuição desse método para o desenvolvimento de teorias e sua adaptabilidade ao campo de estudo, ao tema e aos objetivos. Dessa forma, foi realizado um estudo de caso qualitativo, tendo como foco de estudo o curso de Administração a distância da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Foram feitas 60 entrevistas com os gestores, alunos e tutores. Para a análise desse estudo, foi utilizada a abordagem multiparadigmática, de acordo com os paradigmas interpretativista (predominante), funcionalista, teoria crítica (humanista radical e estruturalista radical) e a gestão do conhecimento. Fazendo uma avaliação da abordagem multiparadigmática utilizada, pode-se perceber que o paradigma mais atuante no curso é o funcionalista, por meio da busca da efetividade. Em relação à teoria fundamentada em dados desenvolvida, o ponto principal percebido foi a estrutura de gestão e da variabilidade de opções disponibilizadas aos alunos.
Phase relationships between orbital forcing and the composition of air trapped in Antarctic ice cores
Authors: Bazin L. , Landais A. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Ritz C. , Picard G. , Capron E. , Jouzel J. , Dumont M. , Leuenberger M. , Prié F.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Orbital tuning is central for ice core chronologies beyond annual layer counting, available back to 60 ka (i.e. thousand of years before 1950) for Greenland ice cores. While several complementary orbital tuning tools have recently been developed using δ18Oatm, δO2/N2 and air content with different orbital targets, quantifying their uncertainties remains a challenge. Indeed, the exact processes linking variations of these parameters, measured in the air trapped in ice, to their orbital targets are not yet fully understood. Here, we provide new series of δO2/N2 and δ18Oatm data encompassing Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5 (between 100–160 ka) and the oldest part (380–800 ka) of the East Antarctic EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core. For the first time, the measurements over MIS 5 allow an inter-comparison of δO2/N2 and δ18Oatm records from three East Antarctic ice core sites (EDC, Vostok and Dome F). This comparison highlights a site-specific relationship between δO2/N2 and its local summer solstice insolation. Such a relationship increases the uncertainty associated with the use of δO2/N2 as a tool for orbital tuning. Combining records of δ18Oatm and δO2/N2 from Vostok and EDC, we evidence a loss of orbital signature for these two parameters during periods of minimum eccentricity (∼400, ∼720–800 ka). Our dataset reveals a time-varying lag between δO2/N2 and δ18Oatm over the last 800 ka that we interpret as variations of the lag between δ18Oatm and precession. Large lags of ∼5 ka are identified during Terminations I and II, associated with strong Heinrich events. On the opposite, minimal lags (∼1–2 ka) are identified during four periods characterized by high eccentricity, intermediate ice volume and no Heinrich events (MIS 6–7, the end of MIS 9, MIS 15 and MIS 17). We therefore suggest that the occurrence of Heinrich events influences the response of δ18Oatm to precession.
Volatility Analysis and Volatility Spillover Analysis of Indonesia's Coffee Price Using Arch/Garch, and Egarch Model
Authors: Rahayu Meinar Fithria , Chang Wen-I , Anindita Ratya
Published: April 2015

This study aims to analyze the best model to expect volatility of Indonesia’s coffee price using ARCH/GARCH model and to measure the coffee price volatility spillover of International market for Indonesia’s coffee price using EGARCH model. These models use different conditional variance specifications to catch up the asymmetry. The empirical results show that GARCH (1.1) model seems to better describe the Indonesia’s coffee price volatility. From the EGARCH analysis known that International coffee price has an asymmetric effect on Indonesia’s return coffee price and indicate that domestic coffee market is not efficient.
De vierde D: inaugurele rede Thorbecke-leerstoel
Authors: Cohen Job
Published: April 2015

The fourth D: inaugural speech Thorbecke-chair

The first contribution to this special issue on local democracy in the Netherlands is the inaugural speech of Job Cohen (the former mayor of Amsterdam) held on January 9th 2015 at the University of Leiden as extraordinary professor at the prestigious Thorbecke-chair. His field is the theory of the municipality as an administrative, political and legal system. The title of his inaugural speech was ‘The fourth D’, in which the first three D’s stand for three different decentralizations of tasks to the Dutch municipalities and the fourth D for democracy. In his speech Cohen advocates a deliberative form of democracy, because it doesn’t emphasize differences and the exaggeration of differences, but emphasizes what the members of a community have in common. Deliberative democracy wants to create space for this common interest through the establishment of an arena for dialogue. Job Cohen is particularly taken by the ideas of the Belgian writer David Van Reybrouck about lottery selection and citizen participation and corresponding initiatives like G1000: a civic-summit, a form of deliberative democracy that generates new ideas, opens new perspectives and increases trust in the democratic process. The element of lottery selection (that was previously put on the agenda by the American professor James Fishkin) is essential for these results, because it creates a maximum of diversity and real involvement of all layers of the population: full citizen participation.
Actief burgerschap en leefbaarheid in twee Rotterdamse wijken
Authors: Snel Erik , Hoogmoed Kim , Odé Arend
Published: April 2015

Active citizenship and quality of life in two neighbourhoods in Rotterdam

Modern government has high expectations of active citizen participation. Sociologists however, expect that this emphasis on citizen participation leads to new inequalities between city neighbourhoods. In ‘better’ neighbourhoods relatively more inhabitants are higher educated and indigenous, categories that are traditionally more active in society. In vulnerable neighbourhoods on the other hand many of the inhabitants are non-indigenous, lower educated and unemployed, who – as is shown in research – participate less. Citizen initiatives therefore would prosper in neighbourhoods with resilient and competent citizens and a powerful social fabric, while inhabitants of the vulnerable neighbourhoods would participate less, although there is more need for active citizen participation, because of their problems. This study analyses active citizen participation in two neighbourhoods in the Dutch city of Rotterdam, ‘Schiemond’ and ‘Lloydkwartier’, a typical backward neighbourhood versus a typical neighbourhood for young urban professionals (‘yuppen’). In contrast with the expectations the inhabitants of Schiemond do not appear to participate less than the inhabitants of Lloydkwartier. Concerning matters of neighbourhood safety even more respondents participate in Schiemond than in Lloydkwartier. Possible reasons are: (a) that lower educated people do participate more often in informal neighbourhood initiatives; (b) that because of the average longer residency in Schiemond there is a greater amount of public familiarity in this neighbourhood; or (c) that because of the bigger problems in Schiemond there is a greater necessity for inhabitants to become active themselves.
Determination of Multiresidues of Three Acid Herbicides in Tobacco by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Bian Zhaoyang , Yang Fei , Li Zhonghao , Fan Ziyan , Zhang Hongfei , Wang Ying , Zhang Yange , Tang Gangling
Published: April 2015

A method to determine residues of the three acid herbicides, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), in tobacco using LC/MS/MS is presented. Because these herbicide residues in tobacco might exist in different forms (free acid, salt, and ester), tobacco samples were first pretreated by alkaline hydrolysis and then the pH was adjusted in order to convert the residues completely to their free acid forms. Dichloromethane extraction and dispersive SPE using C18 sorbent were carried out before LC/MS/MS analysis, and quantification was performed using the internal standard method. Linearity was good for all analytes (R2 ≥ 0.999) in the concentration range of 0.02 to 0.5 mg/kg. LODs were below 0.05 mg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 80.4 to 93.5%, and RSD was below 10%. This simple, efficient, and sensitive method can be applied to the determination of residues of the three acid herbicides in tobacco.
A Comparative Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationships Study for Lipophilicity Determination of Compounds with a Phenanthrene Skeleton on Cyano-, Reversed Phase-, and Normal Phase-Thin Layer Chromatography Stationary Phases
Authors: Ciura Krzesimir , Nowakowska Joanna , Pikul Piotr , Struck-Lewicka Wiktoria , Markuszewski Michał J
Published: April 2015

The phenanthrene skeleton is an important moiety in medical chemistry as it is present in steroidal drugs used as anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic agents as well as synthetic hormones or potassium sparing diuretics. Chromatographic properties of 14 derivatives containing the phenanthrene skeleton in their structure with known lipophilicityhave been studied. NP, RP, and cyano-bonded silica stationary phaseswith three binary mobile phases (acetonitrile–water, acetone–water, and acetone–petroleum ether) were tested. Obtained chromatographic data were correlated with the lipophilicity expressed as values of log partition coefficient (P). The presented study was undertaken to find the best TLC system and chromatographic data processing method in order to predict log P values. Correlations between chromatographic data and measurements of lipophilicity of compounds were presented as results of established quantitative structure-retention relationships. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to investigate the similarities among chromatographic systems.
L’Underground musical des années 1970 au Québec
Authors: Lefebvre Marie-Thérèse
Published: April 2015

La contre-culture possède deux visages : l’un à découvert (overground) et l’autre, souterrain (underground). Dans la mouvance « overground » des musiques écrites d’avant-garde et d’allégeance européenne défendues, entre autres, par la Société de musique contemporaine du Québec (SMCQ), une nouvelle génération de musiciens revendique un espace de création pluridisciplinaire où l’expérimentation et l’improvisation prennent appui sur les modèles américains. « Underground » dans les années 70, ce mouvement artistique donne naissance à un courant esthétique qui émerge au début des années 80 sous le nom de “musique actuelle”. Histoire d’une rencontre entre deux univers de création.
Takvatnprosjektet - Forskning og kultivering av en overbefolka røyebestand
Authors: Amundsen Per-Arne , Smålås Aslak , Kristoffersen Roar , Knudsen Rune , Siwertsson Anna , Klemetsen Anders
Published: April 2015

Amundsen, P.-A., Smalås, A., Knudsen, R., Kristoffersen, R., Siwertsson, A. & Klemetsen, A. 2015. Takvatnprosjektet. Erfaringer fra forskning og kultivering av en overbefolka røyebestand. Rapport, UiT Norges arktiske universitet. 53 s.

Overbefolka fiskebestander er et stort problem i mange av våre innsjøer. Det typiske kjennetegnet er en stor tetthet av gammel, småvokst og mager fisk, gjerne med en høy infeksjon av parasitter. Hardt uttynningsfiske har vært foreslått som et mulig botemiddel, men selv om det har vært gjort mange forsøk på å komme problemet til livs, er det få som har lyktes. Denne rapporten oppsummerer en langsiktig forsknings- og kultiveringsinnsats i Takvatnet – et unikt samarbeidsprosjekt mellom forskere, grunneiere og fiskere som trolig representerer det mest vellykkede og best dokumenterte uttynningsfisketiltaket som noen gang har vært gjennomført.

Røyebestanden i Takvatnet, Troms, var på slutten av 1980-tallet sterkt overbefolka. Fra 1984 til 1989 ble det gjennomført et omfattende uttynningsfiske ved hjelp av teiner, og totalt ble det tatt ut nærmere 700.000 smårøye med ei total vekt på 31.3 tonn. Tiltaket har hatt en formidabel effekt på fiskebestanden i innsjøen. Da uttynningsfisket ble avsluttet, var tettheten av røye redusert til ca. 1/5 av tettheten i den overbefolka bestanden, noe som blant annet ga seg utslag i bedre næringsforhold og stor vekstøkning for den gjenværende fisken. Ørreten, som nesten var blitt borte fra vatnet da røyebestanden var overbefolka, har kommet sterkt tilbake, og de siste 10-15 årene har det vært en god balanse mellom storvokst ørret og røye av god kvalitet i vatnet.

Rapporten tar for seg historikken og gjennomføringen av uttynningsfisket i Takvatnet, sammenfatter de viktigste kultiveringseffektene og endringene i fiske-bestandene, og oppsummerer viktig lærdom og kunnskap for kultivering og forvaltning av andre fiskevatn.
Disaggregated Suicide Mortality Rates Among Asian American Youths and Young Adults by Ethnic Subgroup
Authors: Bui Anthony L. , Rhew Isaac C. , Rivara Frederick P. , Coker Tumaini R.
Published: August 2024

This cross-sectional study examines suicide mortality rates among Asian American youths and young adults overall and by ethnic subgroup from 2018 to 2021.
On Resilience, Babies, and Bathwater
Authors: Rubenstein Jared , Franklin Nikashia , Rosenberg Abby R.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the benefits of teaching resilience and the complexities of applauding it.
Neighborhood Characteristics and Walking Behavior Among Adults With Arthritis: A National Health Interview Survey Study
Authors: Pocha Ciri Chandana , Chrusciel Timothy , Salas Joanne , Eisen Seth , Callahan Leigh F. , Ory Marcia G. , Scherrer Jeffrey F. , Gebauer Sarah C.
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study investigated the association of perceived neighborhood qualities with likelihood of transit walking, leisure walking, neighborhood walking, and meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations among US adults with arthritis.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used 2020 National Health Interview Survey data. Included participants were adults who reported with clinician‐diagnosed arthritis and who reported the ability to walk. Exposures of interest were perceived neighborhood attributes. Outcomes were transit walking, leisure walking, neighborhood walking, and meeting PA recommendations. Standardized mean difference percentage (SMD%) was used to assess relationships between exposures and outcomes, with an SMD% >10% resulting in inclusion in final adjusted multivariate logistic regression models for odds of outcomes. All analyses were weighted to account for complex survey methodology.

Results

The analytic sample included 7,322 adults with arthritis. Fully adjusted logistic regression models showed the presence of roads to walk on was associated with meeting PA recommendations (odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.49]). Three attributes were positively associated with transit walking, whereas safety from crime was negatively associated (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.75–3.10; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.91; OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34–2.08; and OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.92, respectively). Roads to walk and places to walk and relax were associated with leisure and neighborhood walking (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21–1.76; OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.34–1.82; OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.29–1.93; and OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.40–1.90, respectively).

Conclusion

This study identified several neighborhood characteristics associated with higher a likelihood of walking behaviors among adults with arthritis. Factors associated with walking behavior varied by the type of walking. The shared correlates between leisure and neighborhood walking imply they occur in the same setting. Patients with arthritis may benefit from exercise recommendations that are informed by the presence or absence of facilitating infrastructure in their neighborhoods.
Flexible Single Microwire X‐Ray Detector with Ultrahigh Sensitivity for Portable Radiation Detection System
Authors: Chen Yancheng , Niu Shifeng , Li Ying , Dou Wenjie , Yang Xun , Shan Chongxin , Shen Guozhen
Published: August 2024

Sensitive, flexible, and low false alarm rate X‐ray detector is crucial for medical diagnosis, industrial inspection, and scientific research. However, most semiconductors for X‐ray detectors are susceptible to interference from ambient light, and their high thickness hinders their application in wearable electronics. Herein, a flexible visible‐blind and ultraviolet‐blind X‐ray detector based on Indium‐doped Gallium oxide (Ga2O3:In) single microwire is prepared. Joint experiment−theory characterizations reveal that the Ga2O3:In microwire possess a high crystal quality, large band gap, and satisfactory stability, and reliability. On this basis, an extraordinary sensitivity of 5.9 × 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 67.4 nGyair s−1 are achieved based on the prepared Ag/Ga2O3:In/Ag device, which has outstanding operation stability and excellent high temperature stability. Taking advantage of the flexible properties of the single microwire, a portable X‐ray detection system is demonstrated that shows the potential to adapt to flexible and lightweight formats. The proposed X‐ray detection system enables real‐time monitor for X‐rays, which can be displayed on the user interface. More importantly, it has excellent resistance to natural light interference, showing a low false alarm rate. This work provides a feasible method for exploring high‐performance flexible integrated micro/nano X‐ray detection devices.
Precise Lubrication and Protection of Cartilage Damage by Targeting Hydrogel Microsphere
Authors: He Xiangming , He Sihan , Xiang Gang , Deng Linhua , Zhang Hongqi , Wang Yunjia , Li Jiusheng , Lu Hengyi
Published: August 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone and joint disease characterized by decreased cartilage lubrication, leading to continuous wear and ultimately irreversible damage. This situation is particularly challenging for early‐stage OA, as current bio‐lubricants lack precise targeting for small inflammatory lesions. In this work, an antibody‐mediated targeting hydrogel microspheres (HMS) is developed to precisely lubricate the local injury site of cartilage and prevent the progression of early OA. Anti‐Collagen type I (Anti‐Col1) is an antibody that targets cartilage injury sites in early OA stages. It is anchored on a HMS matrix made of Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) to create targeted HMS (T‐G/S HMS). The T‐G/S HMS's high hydrophilicity, along with the dynamic interaction between its surficial Anti‐Col1 and the Col1 on cartilage injury site, ensures its precise and effective lubrication of early OA lesions. Consequently, injecting T‐G/S HMS into rats with early OA significantly slows disease progression and reduces symptoms. In conclusion, the developed injectable targeted lubricating HMS and the precisely targeted lubrication strategy represent a promising, convenient technique for treating OA, particularly for slowing the early‐stage OA progression.
Bio‐inspired Mechanically Responsive Smart Windows for Visible and Near‐Infrared Multiwavelength Spectral Modulation
Authors: Zhao Fu‐Xing , Wang Mei‐Hua , Huang Zong‐Ying , Zhu Meng‐Han , Chen Chen , Pan Qian‐Hao , Yu Bang , Wang Yu‐Tao , Guo Xin , Qian Yi‐Jian , Zhang Li‐Wen , Qiu Xiao‐Jing , Sheng Si‐Zhe , He Zhen , Wang Jin‐Long , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: August 2024

Mechanochromic light control technology that can dynamically regulate solar irradiation is recognized as one of the leading candidates for energy‐saving windows. However, the lack of spectrally selective modulation ability still hinders its application for different scenarios or individual needs. Here, inspired by the generation of structure color and color change of living organisms, a simple layer‐by‐layer assembly approach toward large‐area fabricating mechanically responsive film for visible and near‐infrared multiwavelength spectral modulation smart windows is reported here. The assembled SiO2 nanoparticles and W18O49 nanowires enable the film with an optical modulation rate of up to 42.4% at the wavelength of 550 nm and 18.4% for the near‐infrared region, separately, and the typical composite film under 50% stretching shows ≈41.6% modulation rate at the wavelength of 550 nm with NIR modulation rate less than 2.7%. More importantly, the introduction of the multilayer assembly structure not only optimizes the film's optical modulation but also enables the film with high stability during 100 000 stretching cycles. A cooling effect of 21.3 and 6.9 °C for the blackbody and air inside a model house in the real environmental application is achieved. This approach provides theoretical and technical support for the new mechanochromic energy‐saving windows.
Regulating the Porosity and Bipolarity of Polyimide‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for Advanced Aqueous Dual‐Ion Symmetric Batteries
Authors: Geng Dongxiang , Zhang Heng , Fu Zhijian , Liu Ziming , An Yafei , Yang Jun , Sha Dawei , Pan Long , Yan Chao , Sun ZhengMing
Published: August 2024

The all‐organic aqueous dual‐ion batteries (ADIBs) have attracted increasing attention due to the low cost and high safety. However, the solubility and unstable activity of organic electrodes restrict the synergistic storage of anions and cations in the symmetric ADIBs. Herein, a novel polyimide‐based covalent organic framework (labeled as NTPI‐COF) is constructed, featured with the boosted structure stability and electronic conductivity. Through regulating the porosity and bipolarity integrally, the NTPI‐COF possesses hierarchical porous structure (mesopore and micropore) and abundant bipolar active centers (C═O and C─N), which exhibits rapid dual‐ion transport and storage effects. As a result, the NTPI‐COF as the electrodes for ADIBs deliver a high reversible capacity of 109.7 mA h g−1 for Na+ storage and that of 74.8 mA h g−1 for Cl– storage at 1 A g−1, respectively, and with a capacity retention of 93.2% over 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Additionally, the all‐organic ADIBs with symmetric NTPI‐COF electrodes achieve an impressive energy density of up to 148 W h kg−1 and a high power density of 2600 W kg−1. Coupling the bipolarity and porosity of the all‐organic electrodes applied in ADIBs will further advance the development of low‐cost and large‐scale energy storage.
Mechanisms and Strategies to Achieve Stability in Inkjet Printed 2D Materials Electronics
Authors: Tian Liang , Liu Jianping , Chen Xiaoliang , Branicio Paulo S. , Lei Qian
Published: August 2024

Printed electronics are electronic devices fabricated on flexible substrates using a wide range of printing techniques, which have the characteristics of lightness, thinness, softness, bendability, and transparency. Inkjet printing is a suitable printing technique for the fabrication of high‐precision and low‐cost flexible electronic devices because they are customizable, integrable, and reconfigurable. However, maintaining the stability during the ink preparation, printing, and evaporation process to ensure the high accuracy and quality of the fabricated devices has posed tremendous challenges until today. In this paper, the principles and methods of maintaining stability from three aspects: ink preparation, ink printing, and ink evaporation are reviewed. First, the comprehensive colloidal dispersion mechanisms involved in the ink dispersion process are summarized and reviewed the recent advancements made in the preparation of 2D material inks. Second, the fluid dynamics principles involved in inkjet printing for achieving stable straight lines are analyzed, and originally proposed the “phase diagram” for predicting the morphology of printed lines, the first to theoretically predict the necessary conditions for obtaining straight yet stable printed lines. Finally, methods are supposed to suppress/eliminate/utilize the “coffee ring effect”, especially several self‐assembly methods.
Solute structure effect on polycyclic aromatics separation from fuel oil: Molecular mechanism and experimental insights
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Zhu Ruisong , Zhao Fei , Song Minghao , Gui Chengmin , Yang Shengchao , Lei Zhigang , Li Guoxuan
Published: August 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising solvents for separating aromatics from fuel oils. However, studies for separate polycyclic aromatics with ILs are rare and insufficient, and the impact of solute structure on extraction performance still needs to be determined. In this work, we use 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis([trifluoromethyl]sulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTF2]) as an extractant to separate 1‐methylnaphthalene, quinoline, and benzothiophene from dodecane mixtures. Liquid–liquid equilibrium experiments identified the optimal operating conditions. Nine solute molecules, including five alkanes and four aromatic hydrocarbons, were used to study the relationship between extraction performance and solute structure. Molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemistry calculations gave a deep insight and reasonable interpretation of the structure‐performance relationship at the molecular level. An industrial‐scale extraction process was proposed. The IL can be easily regenerated using heptane as a back‐extractive solvent. A high‐purity fuel oil with aromatic content below 0.5 wt% is obtained after 8‐stage extraction.
Preparation and characterization of bio‐based elastomers with low hysteresis and their wood composites
Authors: Zhang Ping , Cen Anning , Wu Tongfei
Published: August 2024

Bio‐based elastomers and composites are of great interest in numerous applications for environmental sustainability. In this study, bio‐based elastomers with low hysteresis are developed from epoxied soybean oil (ESO) with tetradecanedioic acid (TA) as the curing agent. The as‐prepared ESO/TA thermosets are in the rubbery state at room temperature, with a glass transition temperature (Tg) falling between −19°C and −27°C depending on the amount of TA. With optimized amounts of TA, the elongation at break of ESO/TA thermosets exceeds 130%. ESO/TA thermosets display a stress‐softening behavior and remarkable resilience with low residual strain (<1%) and hysteresis (<7%) after removal of irregular crosslinks and/or interactions by the first stretching. The adhesion of ESO/TA thermosets to wood is also examined through adjustments to the pressure and temperature that are applied for curing. ESO/TA thermosets are then used as the matrix to prepare wood‐polymer composites. Their flexural properties are explored to demonstrate the potential for using ESO/TA thermosets in eco‐friendly wood‐polymer composites.
Unravelling the effectiveness of self‐regulated language learning intervention on Chinese EFL Students’ motivation, strategic competence and English proficiency: A mixed methods study
Authors: Yang Tiantian , Wang Yuchao , Yang Chunli
Published: August 2024

Self‐regulated learning (SRL) is considered a critical competence for lifelong learning that requires explicit instruction and consistent practice, especially for college students. Despite the abundant intervention studies on the role of SRL in students’ academic performance in the Western world, very little is known in China in English as a foreign language (EFL). To address this issue, the current study utilised a mixed‐methods approach to investigating the effectiveness of self‐regulated language learning intervention (devised using Zimmerman's cyclical phase model of SRL) on Chinese EFL learners. One hundred sophomores from two intact classes were recruited to either an experimental or a control group and evaluated at pre‐, mid‐ and post‐tests for motivation, strategic competence and English proficiency. After the post‐test, 30 students were selected to accomplish follow‐up semi‐structured interviews. The quantitative results revealed a significant increase for the experimental group for the three assessed variables in comparison with the control at the post‐test. In addition, the qualitative results were employed to explore the diverse differences between the high and low achievers and the perceived variances after the intervention, which provided comprehensive knowledge of the SRL foreign language acquisition. Meanwhile, the limitations and the theoretical and pedagogical implications were further discussed.
Amoxicillin‐induced DRESS syndrome without eosinophilia
Authors: Alphonce Baraka , Komanya Francisca , Magitta Ng'weina F. , Deodatus Shani , Sindato Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Despite the name, eosinophilia is not essential for diagnosing drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome). Early recognition and stopping the offending drug are vital to managing this condition, as it can otherwise lead to high mortality rates.
Collateral pathways arising from internal jugular venous occlusion in Lemierre's syndrome
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuhiro , Mori Nobuyoshi
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

The use of anticoagulants in Lemierre's syndrome is not well‐defined, lacking clear evidence for their efficacy. This report describes a patient with complete occlusion of the internal jugular vein by a thrombus who did not develop expected complications due to the formation of collateral venous channels.
Benzo‐Fused BOPAM Fluorophores: Synthesis, Post‐functionalization, Photophysical Properties and Acid sensing Applications
Authors: Huang Jianjun , Chung Pham Thanh , Coenen Daan , Vandenwijngaerden Jonathan , Gong Jing , Minh Thi Nguyen Hue , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Auweraer Mark , Escudero Daniel , Dehaen Wim
Published: August 2024

A novel category of asymmetric boron chromophores with the attachment of two BF2 moieties denoted as BOPAM has been successfully synthesized via a one‐pot three‐step reaction starting from N‐phenylbenzothioamide. This synthetic route results in the production of [a] and [b]benzo‐fused BOPAMs along with post‐functionalization of the [a]benzo‐fused BOPAMs. The photophysical properties of these compounds have been systematically investigated through steady‐state absorption and fluorescence emission measurements in solvents at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures, as well as in the solid state. Computational methods have been employed to elucidate the emissive characteristics of the benzo‐fused BOPAMs, revealing distinctive photophysical attributes, including solvent‐dependent fluorescence intensity. Remarkably, certain BOPAM derivatives exhibit noteworthy photophysical phenomena, such as the induction of off‐on fluorescence emission under specific solvent conditions and the manifestation of intermolecular charge transfer states in solid‐state matrices. Through post‐functionalization strategies involving the introduction of electron‐donating groups onto the [a]benzo‐fused BOPAM scaffold, an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) pathway is activated, leading to substantial fluorescence quenching via non‐radiative decay processes. Notably, one [a]benzo‐fused BOPAM variant exhibits a pronounced fluorescence enhancement upon exposure to acidic conditions, thereby underscoring its potential utility in pH‐sensing applications.
Properties of blends of amorphous and semicrystalline PLAs containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mohammadi Mojtaba , Nofar Mohammadreza , Carreau Pierre J.
Published: August 2024

Blend nanocomposites of amorphous polylactide (aPLA) and semicrystalline PLA (scPLA)‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by a twin‐screw extruder below the melting temperature of the scPLA. The maximum weight percent of MWCNTs in the blends was 0.9 wt.%. The extrudates were either pelletized immediately or after drawing at a drawing ratio of about 10. According to small amplitude oscillatory shear rheological analysis, the rheological properties of the aPLA/scPLA (85/15 wt.%) drawn sample were significantly increased compared to the undrawn samples. With the presence of MWCNTs, more crystallites could develop in the scPLA, and the electrical conductivity of the aPLA/scPLA nanocomposites was reduced due to the encapsulation of MWCNTs within the crystallites of scPLA. Increasing the temperature during compression moulding to 190°C, which is above the melting temperature of the scPLA, effectively removed this obstacle and the electrical conductivity was increased by a factor of up to 106 compared to the samples moulded at 150°C.
Flow cytometry assay modifications: Recommendations for method validation based on CLSI H62 guidelines
Authors: Monaghan Sara A. , Eck Steven , Bunting Silvia , Dong Xiangyang X. , Durso Robert J. , Gonneau Christele , Hays Amanda , Illingworth Andrea , League Stacy C. , Linskens Eleni , McCausland Megan , McCloskey Thomas W. , Rolf Nina , Shi Min , Wallace Paul K. , Litwin Virginia , Kern Wolfgang , Deeb George , Nash Veronica , Olteanu Horatiu
Published: August 2024

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) H62—Validation of Assays Performed by Flow Cytometry guideline, released in 2021, provides recommendations for platform workflow and quality system essentials, instrument setup and standardization, assay development and optimization and fit‐for‐purpose analytical method validation. In addition, CLSI H62 includes some recommendations for the validation strategies after a validated flow cytometric method has been modified. This manuscript builds on those recommendations and discusses the impact of different types of assay modifications on assay performance. Recommendations regarding which validation parameters to evaluate depending on the type of modification are provided. The impact of assay modification on the assay's intended use is discussed. When recommending minor deviations from the CLSI H62 process for a laboratory‐initiated assay revision (e.g., specimen numbers for sensitivity, specificity, or precision studies), a rationale based on expert opinion is provided with the understanding that not every laboratory, assay type, and circumstance can be comprehensively addressed in this paper. These recommendations are meant as a practical recommendation and are not intended to be restrictive, prescriptive, or understood as necessarily sufficient to meet every specific requirement from regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA or New York State Department of Health).
Navigating the changing trends of Black enrollment
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: August 2024

Quick quiz: What are the five states with the highest percent increase of Black children from 2010 to 2019? Answer: North Dakota, Hawaii, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.
Untersuchungen zum Verflüssigungswiderstand eines Tagebau‐Kippenbodens bei Anregung durch erdbebentypische Signale
Authors: Knittel Lukas , Machaček Jan , Gehring Sabine , Raabe Paul , Dahmen Dieter , Wichtmann Torsten , Stutz Hans Henning
Published: August 2024

Für die Böschungen der geplanten Tagebauseen im Rheinischen Revier muss der Nachweis der Standsicherheit unter Erdbebeneinwirkung erbracht werden. Hierfür sind laut der Richtlinie für die Untersuchung der Standsicherheit von Böschungen der im Tagebau betriebenen Braunkohlenbergwerke (RfS – Richtline für Standsicherheitsuntersuchungen [1]) die bleibenden Böschungen so zu gestalten und aufzubauen, dass eine Bodenverflüssigung „nicht zu besorgen“ ist. Für den Nachweis gegen Bodenverflüssigung, bei dem Einwirkungen und Bodenwiderstände lokal miteinander verglichen werden, wird das irreguläre Erdbebensignal in ein reguläres Signal mit einer äquivalenten Anzahl an Zyklen und konstanter Amplitude überführt. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird diese Konvertierung für ein typisches Erdbebensignal des Rheinischen Reviers untersucht, welches aus einer dynamischen Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnung erhalten wurde. Zur Untersuchung des Verflüssigungsverhaltens eines Tagebau‐Kippenbodens bei Einwirkung dieses Erdbebensignals werden Triaxialversuche mit vertikaler zyklischer Belastung und Hohlzylindertriaxialversuche mit zyklischer Torsionsbeanspruchung durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche werden mit den Daten aus weiteren Versuchen mit konstanter Amplitude verglichen. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass der Faktor β zur Konvertierung von irregulären in reguläre Signale von der Art der Beanspruchung und der Größe der statischen Schub‐ bzw. Deviatorspannung abhängt. Auf Basis der Versuche werden Empfehlungen für den Ansatz von β für das Rheinische Revier gegeben.
Nutrition and physical activity practices in family day care: A cross‐sectional survey of Australian family day care educators
Authors: Tran Georgie , Kerr Erin , Kelly Bridget , Ryan Sarah T. , Norman Jennifer , Hammersley Megan , Vuong Cecilia , Wardle Karen , Okely Anthony
Published: August 2024

Issue Addressed

Munch & Move is a New South Wales (NSW) Ministry of Health program offering family day care (FDC) educators training to support children's healthy behaviours. This study examined educators' nutrition, physical activity and screen time practices and relationships between Munch & Move training and professional development (PD) on these practices.

Methods

NSW FDC educators (n = 186) completed an online survey from July 2020–June 2021. Differences between groups based on Munch & Move training (trained; not trained) and PD (those who completed PD ≥1 time per year; those who completed PD <1 time per year or never) were tested using bivariate analyses.

Results

A significantly higher proportion of educators trained in Munch & Move offered information to families regarding food serving sizes, nutrition policies, and children's physical activity and screen time. Over one‐third in both groups did not meet the guideline of no screen time for children under 2 years old. Compared with those who completed PD ≥1 time per year, a significantly higher proportion of educators who completed PD <1 time per year or never did not provide families with nutrition guidelines or resources.

Conclusions

Educators trained in Munch & Move, and those who completed PD more frequently, demonstrated better nutrition, physical activity and screen time practices in several areas.

So What?

This study demonstrated benefits of the Munch & Move program, implemented with support from Local Health District health promotion officers, and highlighted key areas for improvement in healthy practices in FDC.
Security and privacy‐aware data authentication control routing for wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: AlZahrani Yazeed
Published: August 2024

In recent years, wireless multimedia sensor networks (MWSNs) have become increasingly prevalent due to advancements in communication technology. These networks face significant challenges in ensuring security, privacy, and trust for user data, especially when handling real‐time streaming data. Resource‐constrained sensor nodes in these networks must operate efficiently over extended periods, from days to years, depending on the application. Our proposed protocol addresses these challenges by providing robust data authentication, enhancing security and privacy without compromising performance. Analysis indicates that the protocol is more energy‐efficient, accurate, and faster than existing wireless authentication protocols. Comparative evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of our model across various performance parameters, solidifying its effectiveness for MWSNs.
Die Familie Apocynaceae Juss. in Vietnam1 Teil 1. Allgemeiner Teil2
Authors: Đính Lý Trân
Published: August 2024

Bei Untersuchung der Familie Apocynaceae in Vietnam konnten nachfolgend dargelegte Ergebnisse ermittelt werden. Ausgangstyp der Infloreszenz ist das Dichasium. Aus diesem Grundtyp entstehen verschiedene Entwicklungstendenzen. Oligomerisations‐ und Polymerisationserscheinungen kommen gleichzeitig vor.

Das synkarpe Gynoezeum ist als Ausgangstyp zu betrachten. Aus diesem Grundtyp entsteben zwei Entwieklungsrichtungen : eine zum parakarpen und eine andere zum sekundär chorikarpen, über unvollständig chorikarpes Gynoezeum.

Abhängig von der Differenzierung des Gynoezeums weist der Narbenkopf drei Entwicklungs‐stufen auf: kaum morphologisch differenziert – einfach differenziert – reich differenziert.

Korrelativ mit der Differenzierung des Gynoezeums finden sich die Antheren der Apocynaceae in drei Entwicklungsstufen. Sie weisen Unterschiede im Bau und in der Fertilität auf.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Antheronform zeigen die Antheren zweifache Beziehungen zum Narbenkopf: Entweder sind sie mit dem Narbenkopf fest verbunden oder sie sind frei. Dabei sind die Sippen, deren Antheren koine Verbindung mit dem Narbenkopf haben, als primitiv zu betraehten.

Abhängig von der Differenzierung des Gynóezeums weist die Fruchtbildung zwei Entwicklungs‐tendenzen auf: synkarp zu parakarp – synkarp zu sekundär chorikarp.

Die Ausbildung des Samens zeigt enge Korrelation mit der Entwicklung der Frucht. Sie geht von ohne Arillus und ohne Flugapparat zu solchen mit Haarschopf.

Auf Grund der morphologischen Merkmalsanalyse wird die Familie Apocynaceae in 4 Subfamilien mit 15 Triben gegliedert. Die Gliederung wird in der Arbeit dargestellt.

Erstmals wurde die Familie Apocynaceae in Vietnam (47 Gattungen mit 171 Arten) revidiert. Davon sind 47 Arten erstmals in der Flora Vietnams nachgewiesen. Von ihnen sind 20 Arten neu beschrieben worden. Zahlreiche Korrekturen in der Nomenklatur wurden durchgeführt. 162 von 171 Arten wurden abgebildet. Einzelne Ergebnisse wurden in 17 Arbeiten publiziert.

Die möglichen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen den Gattungen innerhalb der Familie Apocynaceae in Vietnam werden dargestellt.