bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política indutora de educação integral: análise dos programas implementados em Belterra/PA
Authors: Sousa Lília Travassos de , Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa
Published: May 2021

Este estudo aborda as políticas educacionais indutoras de Educação Integral a partir da análise dos programas implementados pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação e Desporto (SEMED) de Belterra/PA. A pesquisa é norteada pela seguinte questão: Quais programas de Educação Integral foram implementados pela SEMED de Belterra/PA, tendo como base a constituição do currículo, da infraestrutura e do financiamento desses programas? A metodologia da pesquisa consistiu na revisão bibliográfica, levantamento e análise documental. Constatou-se que a SEMED não desenvolveu programas locais de Educação Integral, porém, implementou políticas educacionais advindas do governo federal tais como o Programa Mais Educação (PME) em 2012 e a partir do ano de 2016 do Programa Novo Mais Educação (PNME). Identificamos que o atraso no repasse das verbas para a execução do PME e PNME ocasionou paralização, mesmo que temporária, das atividades cujo objetivo principal é melhorar a aprendizagem dos estudantes com baixo desempenho escolar e com vulnerabilidade social, mediante a ampliação do currículo escolar e do tempo de permanência na escola. O estudo conclui que apesar da Educação Integral não estar intrinsecamente ligada a extensão do tempo escolar, evidenciamos que para melhor efetivá-la devemos pensar em uma ampliação do currículo, da infraestrutura (espaços e organização do tempo) e do financiamento.
Desafios do diretor escolar na educação integral: uma investigação em Rondônia
Authors: Souza Maria das Graças de , Castro Rafael Fonseca de
Published: May 2021

Este estudo é resultante de uma pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, recorte de uma Dissertação de Mestrado. A investigação objetivou analisar, na concepção do Diretor Escolar, de que forma tem lidado com a gestão de pessoas no âmbito escolar para o alcance de metas e objetivos no contexto da educação integral. Perguntamo-nos: quais desafios relacionados à gestão de pessoas são enfrentados pelo Diretor Escolar? Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, sendo os sujeitos participantes dois diretores que atuam em escolas que ofertam Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral de dois municípios do estado de Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental brasileira. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e são apresentados, neste artigo, resultados da categoria de análise definida a priori “Desafios da gestão de pessoas no contexto das Escolas de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral”. A pesquisa constatou o uso de um modelo padrão de gestão baseado no compromisso com a integralidade da ação educativa e que ambas as escolas estão passando por processos de mudança no paradigma das concepções e dos procedimentos de gestão. Com relação à gestão de pessoas, averiguamos que as escolas investigadas passam por situações que envolvem a necessidade de engajamento dos servidores e o enfrentamento de regras impostas por níveis hierárquicos que estão acima da governabilidade do Diretor Escolar, principalmente, quanto à lotação de profissionais nas escolas onde atuam, o que, de certa forma, preocupa esses gestores, na perspectiva do alcance dos resultados gerenciais esperados – requisitos necessários ao pleno cumprimento da finalidade educacional.
Apresentação: Uma alternativa às políticas curriculares centralizadas
Authors: Lopes Alice Casimiro , Macedo Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Neste texto, reafirmamos nossa posição contrária à definição de uma base nacional comum curricular pormenorizada e propomos pensar políticas públicas em currículo, entendendo currículo como prática significante, como espaço-tempo de produção de sentidos. Assumimos o compromisso teórico de responder a desafios que vêm sendo apresentados pela racionalidade técnica ao campo do currículo. Como resposta, propomos pensar a intervenção educativa como investimento radical, defendendo ser muito mais produtivo intervir nas políticas curriculares por meio da constituição de uma rede intersubjetiva da qual participem professores em serviço, pesquisadores da Universidade também formadores de professores, professores em formação inicial que, no espaço situado da escola, vão se produzir como sujeitos.
Apresentação – A educação integral do PROCAD (UNICAMP-UNIR-UFOPA) para o Brasil e além-mar
Authors: Castro Rafael Fonseca de , Maciel Antônio Carlos
Published: May 2021

O Dossiê “Educação Integral: contribuições para pensar escola e sociedade” é fruto de um expressivo esforço coletivo, que congrega, democraticamente, investigações vinculadas a diversos grupos de pesquisa e programas de pós-graduação, abordando a Educação Integral sob diferentes perspectivas e realidades culturais. Foi idealizado pelo Professor Rafael Fonseca de Castro e conta, como coorganizadores, com os professores Rosângela de Fátima Cavalcanti França e Antônio Carlos Maciel, todos docentes permanentes do Programa e Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Rondônia (PPGE/UNIR). Cabe mencionar o imenso apoio da Professora Tânia Suely Azevedo Brasileiro, da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), sem a qual esta coletânea não seria possível.
Conversor CC-CC Buck-Boost Diferencial Simétrico
Authors: Nogueira Paulo Ícaro T. , Schlingmann André , Schmitz Lenon , Martins Denizar C. , Coelho Roberto F.
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta o conversor Buck–Boost diferencial simétrico, obtido da conexão diferencial entre dois conversores Buck-Boost. A topologia é caracterizada por apresentar baixa ondulação de tensão, processamento parcial de potência, capacidade de fornecer ganhos de tensão intermediários (1<M<10) e simplicidade de dimensionamento. O artigo apresenta a descrição do conversor proposto, suas principais equações e formas de onda em modo de condução contínua com modulação phase-shift, uma análise matemática que demonstra sua capacidade de realizar o processamento parcial de potência e uma análise comparativa com topologias similares publicadas na literatura. Além disso, resultados experimentais extraídos de um protótipo projetado para operar com frequência de comutação de 40 kHz, tensão de entrada de 105 V, tensão de saída de 400 V e potência nominal de 800 W são apresentados. Por ser destinado ao processamento de energia solar fotovoltaica, o conversor é validado em malha aberta e como rastreador do ponto de máxima potência, cuja eficiência CEC obtida é de 97,8%.
Demans Tanısı Olan Kişilere Bakım Verenler ve Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: YORULMAZ Elçin , DİRİK Gülay
Published: May 2021

Demans her geçen gün artan sayılarda görülmektedir ve demans tanısı alan kişiler başka insanların bakımına ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bakım verenler ise genelde kişinin aile üyeleri olmaktadır. Bakım verenler psikolojik sıkıntılar yaşayabilmekte ve psikolojik yardıma ihtiyaç duyabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı demans tanısı olan kişiye bakım veren aile üyelerine uygulanan Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi temelli müdahalelerin etkisinin incelenmesidir. Demans tanısı olan kişiye bakım veren aile üyelerine yönelik Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi temelli müdahalelerinin gözden geçirilmesi amacıyla EBSCOHost (Medline dahildir), Web of Science ve Cochrane (PubMed ve Embase dahildir) veri tabanlarında 1990-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış araştırmalar, ilgili anahtar kelimelerle taranmıştır. Bu tarama ve raporlama sistematik derlemelerin rapor edilmesinde kullanılan PRISMA Bildirimi’ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. İlk belirlemede 819 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Tekrar eden çalışmalar çıkarıldığında, dahil etme ve dışlama kriterleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda 20 çalışma bu derlemeye dahil edilmiştir. Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi temelli müdahalelerin bireysel ve grup olarak uygulanabildiği ve bu uygulamaların yüz yüze, telefon ve internet aracılığıyla yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmalarda seansların süresi, sıklığı ve yapılan değerlendirmeler farklılık gösterse de Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi müdahalelerinin demans tanısı olan kişiye bakım veren aile üyelerine, bakım alan demans tanısı olan kişilere ve iletişimlerine olumlu katkılarının olduğu görülmektedir. Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapinin demans tanısı olan kişilere bakım veren aile üyeleri için etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmaların bulguları ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış olup, gelecek çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Improving Holistic Care Skills for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: Integration of a Complementary and Alternative Medicine Course Into a Doctor of Nursing Practice Curriculum
Authors: Schramm Jill , Uranga Tiffany , Birkle Amber , Thorp Regina , Taylor Laura
Published: May 2021

Background

Complementary alternative medicine (CAM) is an expanding domain of healing practices harmonized with Western medicine to provide comprehensive treatment of individuals as holistic beings. Patients and healthcare providers worldwide are increasingly inviting and employing CAM practices into healthcare delivery routines. Implementation of courses to introduce CAM into Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) programs exposes future practitioners to current best practices for integrative treatment strategies and encourages consideration when developing a holistic patient-centered care plan.

Objective/Methods

A case presentation of an interprofessional CAM course delivered to military graduate nursing students with a pretest posttest course survey to evaluate student's confidence and knowledge of CAM theory and practices. The format included online modules, evidence-based literature critique, knowledge checks, and an immersive hands-on immersion experience.

Results

A total of 240 pre-/postcourse surveys were completed by military graduate nursing students (N = 140) participating in a CAM course. Statistically significant increases in CAM knowledge, communication, and skills confidence levels were found. Following participation in the course, nearly all students (97%) agreed CAM is important and benefits future advanced practice.

Conclusion/Nursing Implications

CAM is a compendium of holistic healing modalities increasingly being utilized by patients worldwide with similar requests for alternative care techniques from healthcare providers. Military APRN students participating in a CAM course increased knowledge and confidence, and garnered appreciation for an expanded skill set to augment future practice. Case presentation is compelling for standard inclusion of CAM and similar graduate interprofessional courses into all APRN programs.
Information System Security Audit Based on the DSS05 Framework Cobit 5 at Higher Education XX
Authors: Sinaga Rudolf , Samsinar Samsinar , Afriany Renny
Published: May 2021

Currently, information has become a commodity or basic need, it can even be said that we are already in an "information-based social" era. It is undeniable that the ability to access and ensure the availability of information quickly and accurately has become a very essential component for an organization, whether in the form of social or commercial organizations, educational institutions such as universities, government agencies, and individuals. Various channels were created to regulate access rights to information, to prevent unauthorized people from accessing it, to minimize losses for the owner of the information. Based on the results of interviews with the research object of XX college, there are still frequent disruptions to information system security such as attacks on servers that result in server downtime, attacks on institutional e-mails that result in being unable to receive or even send e-mails, and other disturbances. This certainly harms information services at the tertiary institution, therefore an information system security audit is required. This study aims to measure the level of information system security capabilities using the Cobit 5 framework in the APO13 and DSS05 domains. Based on the results of the audit, it was found that the GAP value was 3.6 for the APO13 domain or at level 1 while 3.4 for the GAP DSS05 value or at level 2, it can be concluded that the information system security maturity level is still very low so that it needs improvement. It is recommended to make SOPs and documentation of maintenance, control, and periodic security evaluation, install an antivirus that has high and up to date protection accuracy, and make regular maintenance reports both on software and hardware.
Rethinking Urbanization: A Transit-Information-Communication –Technology-Oriented Development Path for the Developing Countries and Post-Industrial Towns
Authors: Lam Schuman , Li Heng , Yu Ann T.W.
Published: May 2021

This study explores a new path of urbanization to enhance the conventional economy-led urban development practice by conducting an urban quality of life (Uqol) survey.  It analyzes the Uqol evaluation gap caused by demographic attributes between developing countries, developed countries, and post-industrial town. We adopted a mixed-methods research design, including a literature review and an Uqol survey, to suggest the transit-oriented-development (TOD) and information-communication-technology (ICT) based urban-rural development concept. The finding indicates a disparity of Uqol mean score rankings among the developing countries, developed countries, and the marginalized post-industrial town. It highlights the health, transportation, socio-economic, and technological development in the developing countries strongly desired. Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U-test results show significant differences in economy, technology-ICT, smart living, and lifestyle within education, profession, age, and country groups.  It clarifies that the well-being gap is shaped by demography and exhibited geographically, which implies TOD-ICT advancement can break down geographical barriers for achieving sustainable growth in remote areas.  Supported by the planetary urbanization theory, the human-technology-driven urban development process would facilitate the maturity and implementation of the proposed TOD-ICT-based urban-ruralism (UxR) concept for enhancing the future global urbanization process.
Keywords : Human and Social Geography; Information-Communication-Technology; Urban  Policymaking; Transit-Oriented-Development; Urban Quality of Life
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Assessment of Water Balance at Mayang Watershed, East Java
Authors: Sihombing Ariska Mia Christiwarda , Indarto Indarto , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: May 2021

Mayang Watersheds frequently hit by floods during the rainy season and drought during the dry season. This study aims to assess the water balance by calculating water resource availability and water demand in the Mayang watershed. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used as the primary tool for the analysis. The supply of water comes only from precipitation. Demand was calculated based on the water demand for irrigation, domestic, urban, industrial, and livestock uses. The unit of time to calculate the water balance is ten days. It means that each month is divided into three-time steps. Analysis of the WEAP is based on the water demand from 2002 to 2019. The results showed that from 3rd December to 1st May, the Mayang river and its tributaries could supply all demand sites up to 100%. However, unmet demand occurs from 2nd May to 2nd December. The highest first unmet demand occurred in October, with 0.67 million m3. The management of water resources, especially in terms of distribution during the rainy season and dry season, must be considered.
Keywords: Water balance; Water supply; Water demand; Mayang; Watershed; WEAP
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Effect of different concentrations of green tea extract solutions on bonding durability of etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries affected dentin
Authors: Rolim de Moura Ricky , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Basting Roberta Tarkany , Amaral Flavia Lucisano Botelho do
Published: May 2021

Aim: The in vitro study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of green tea extract solution (GT) on the bonding durability of etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries dentin affected (CAD). Methods: Dentinal surfaces of human third molars were polished and submitted to a microbiological caries induction protocol for 14 days. After removal of the infected dentin layer, the samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n= 10), according to the concentration of GT solution applied in CAD, after acid etching: 0.05%; 0.2%; 2% and NT (no treatment – control). After application of a etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE), composite resin restorations were performed on the dentin. After 24 hours, the resin-dentin blocks were sectioned 1mm2 specimens, which were subjected to the microtensile test immediately or after 6 months of storage in water. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA for randomized blocks and Tukey test (α= 5%). Results: There was no effect of double interaction (p= 0.934). The application of 0.2% GT promoted a statistically significant increase in dentin bond strength values in comparison to the condition where GT was not used (p=0.012). There was a significant decrease of bond strength after 6 months of storage, regardless of dentin pretreatment (p = 0.007). The G test identified that there was no statistical difference regarding failure mode (p= 0.326). Conclusion: The concentration of 0.2% improved the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries affected dentin, however, none of dentin pretreatments could prevent the decrease in bond strength over time.
Representações sociais sobre a feminização do magistério na imprensa pernambucana (1885-1915)
Authors: Silva Édla Kerollayne Tavares da , Arantes Adlene Silva
Published: May 2021

Considerando a atividade docente no Brasil como sendo iniciada pelos homens e o perfil do professor brasileiro na educação básica como predominantemente feminino (INEP, 2009), faz-se necessário refletir sobre a feminização do magistério nacional e os fatores que contribuíram para tal. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as representações sociais sobre a mulher e o magistério feminino na imprensa pernambucana no fim do século XIX e início do século XX, levando em consideração como tais representações podem ter influenciado o processo de feminização do magistério. Para compreender essas representações e suas influências, analisamos jornais escritos por mulheres e para mulheres, bem como jornais de sociedades acadêmicas e a Revista de Instrução Pública de Pernambuco, documento oficial do Estado. Baseamo-nos, teoricamente, nos estudos da história cultural, mais precisamente em Roger Chartier (1990). Nesta perspectiva, é importante ressaltar a importância do trabalho com jornais para a pesquisa em História da Educação, pois estes não apenas retratam a sociedade, mas participam desta. Ao analisar as representações, foi possível perceber a escassez de discursos relacionados à mulher professora. Em contrapartida, é possível perceber a importância da educação da mulher enquanto mãe dos futuros homens da nação. Concluímos que o positivismo contribuiu para feminização do magistério, pois consolida o homem no poder. A educação da mulher e da professora se relacionava com o papel de mãe e a suposta sensibilidade feminina deveria ser direcionada para não se preocupar com futilidades, proporcionando o pleno desenvolvimento de seus alunos.
O programa de formação continuada de professores PDE/PR e a educação popular – 2007-2018
Authors: Mocellin Edna Goretti Menegatti , Castanha André Paulo
Published: May 2021

O artigo analisa aspectos da formação continuada de professores, voltada às classes populares, junto ao Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional PDE/PR, uma modalidade de formação ofertada pelo Estado do Paraná entre 2007 e 2018. Alicerçado na Pedagogia da Libertação e na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC), o Programa atendeu milhares de professores da educação básica, da rede pública estadual de ensino. A pesquisa tomou como fontes os documentos oficiais, as sinopses das produções didáticas dos concluintes do PDE, as produções didáticas completas de seis professores PDE, que interviram numa escola pública que atende classes populares. O objetivo central foi/é analisar como a perspectiva da instrução/formação das classes populares ou educação popular apareceu no Programa. A partir de uma perspectiva dialética, elencamos os conceitos de Educação Popular, Classes Populares, Educação e Emancipação, Escola Pública e Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e fizemos a busca nas sinopses resultantes das produções PDE. Para nossa surpresa, tais conceitos, praticamente não apareceram, considerando o volume de produções. Diante disso, nos questionamos: se o programa se configurou dentro de uma concepção teórico-crítica, por que e/ou como as palavras que caracterizam uma educação popular, voltada às classes populares, apareceram de forma tão diminuta? Concluímos enfatizando que, embora os conceitos pouco apareceram, a prática dos professores PDE, que interviram na escola, contribuiu para a emancipação dos sujeitos das classes populares. Além disso, os professores compreenderam melhor os processos de constituição social que permeiam o contexto escolar.
História da educação, espaços e tempos
Authors: Almeida Maria Zeneide Carneiro Magalhães de , Baldino José Maria , Bressanin César Evangelista Fernandes
Published: May 2021

Ao longo deste artigo apresentaremos a trajetória e as ressonâncias do Diretório/Grupo de Pesquisa “Educação, História, Memória e Culturas em diferentes espaços sociais”, no período que abrange a sua criação até o ano de 2020. O texto foi construído levando em conta detalhes qualitativos e quantitativos que refletem a realidade do Diretório/Grupo de Pesquisa, consequentemente, da pesquisa em História da Educação no Centro-Oeste e no Brasil. O trabalho é uma manifestação de resistência e de esperança. Resistência que se faz em não se render jamais aos desânimos e cansaços provocados pela ganância e pelas posturas governamentais e institucionais intransigentes que deliberam desgoverno, desrespeito e destruição em relação à pesquisa acadêmica e científica no Brasil. Esperança que reativa o sonho, possibilita a militância e alimenta o compromisso de prosseguir e avançar na contribuição para os estudos e pesquisas na área da História da Educação.
EFFECT OF SALBUTAMOL SULFAT EXPOSURE TO THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF BIOACTIVE RESIN
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi , Wibowo Diana
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBioactive composite resin is the newest restorative resin material which has good mechanical and aesthetic properties. In the oral cavity, the restoration is degraded due to exposure to acids, one of which is exposure to asthma drugs. Properties of composite resins that can be affected by degradation include surface roughness. This study aims to analyze salbutamol sulfate exposure to the surface roughness of bioactive resins. The research method used was pure experimental design with post test-only with control design. The study used 39 specimens of bioactive resin (8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness), divided into 3 treatment groups, namely the 400µg salbutamol sulfate exposure group, the 800µg salbutamol sulfate exposure group and the artificial saliva control group with treatment every 24 hours for 7 days, subsequently the specimens are tested with the surface roughness of the composite resin using a surface roughness tester. The highest surface roughness value was found in the 800µg group (8.23 ± 0.98 µm), followed by 400 µg group (5.43 ± 1.16 µm) and the lowest in the artificial saliva group (2.63 ± 0.82 µm). There were significant differences in all treatment groups. The exposure of salbutamol sulfate affects the surface roughness of the bioactive composite resin, a higher number of exposure doses indicates a higher surface roughness value.Keywords: bioactive composite resins, salbutamol sulfate, surface roughness
AESTHETIC REHABILITATION OF MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR HOPELESS TEETH WITH IMMEDIATE REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE
Authors: Adena Afif Surya , Wahyuningtyas Endang , Ruspita Intan
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackground: Edentulism post tooth extraction is an undesirable state among patients, specifically with the involvement of anterior dentition. Immediate denture in cases of anterior teeth extraction is a selected treatment to recover aesthetic and phonetic function. This treatment shows an impact on psychological stability and improves patients’ confidence level. Objective: This case report provides information on the management of immediate removable partial denture for maxillary and mandibular teeth. Case: A female teacher suffered from tooth loss of 26, 28, 36, 46, 47. Tooth 11, 14, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42 were not supported with adequate periodontal tissue and presented with level 3 tooth mobility. Patient expected the teeth to be removed and managed with prosthodontic appliance, yet disfavoring the stage of edentulism because her profession demanded high social performance. Case management: The treatment for this case includes immediate removable partial denture with acrylic material in upper and lower jaw. Denture was fabricated prior to the extraction of tooth 11, 14, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, and inserted promptly. The insertion result showed good occlusion, retention, stabilization, and tissue adaptation of denture. It also demonstrated good aesthetic result. On 24 hours control post insertion, wound closure was gradually established with the presence of redness. A week after insertion, wounded tissue had been fully covered and redness had been diminished. Conclusion: Immediate removable partial denture provides good aesthetic and function. Patient was satisfied with the treatment because it improved her appearance without experiencing any period of edentulism.Keywords: Aesthetics, Edentulous, Extraction, Immediate Removable Partial Denture.
THE COMPARISON OF RESIN-BASED COMPOSITES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES BETWEEN BULK-FILL TECHNIQUE AND INCREMENTAL TECHNIQUE
Authors: Aulia Rahmi Khairani
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:Composite resins are currently the most popular restorative material in dentistry. This is due to good aesthetics and maximum conservation ability. Behind these advantages, there are disbenefits of composite resin materials, such as polymerization shrinkage, which can lead to restoration failure. Various attempts have been investigated to reduce the shrinkage incidence of composite resins, one of which is the technique of placing the restorative material into the cavity. The restoration filling technique is recognized as a significant factor in shrinkage stress. By using a special filling technique, the polymerization shrinkage damage stress can be reduced. There are several techniques in performing composite resin fillings, including bulk and incremental techniques. These techniques have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this literature review was to compare the physical properties of composite resin restorations with bulk filling and incremental techniques. Physical properties that being studied include polymerization shrinkage, stress shrinkage, degree of conversion, bonding strength, water resorption, color stability, and temperature increase. Comparing the two techniques, composite resin with incremental filling technique has superior physical properties compared to bulk technique. From the comparison of the two techniques, the composite resin with incremental filling technique has superior physical properties compared to the bulk technique, especially in higher conversion which causes lower shrinkage stress. This situation makes the incremental technique provide better bond strength, water resorption, color stability, and lower temperature rise.Keywords: Bulk, Composite Resin, Incremental,  Physical Properties, Restoration, Restoration Technique
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES IN ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVE RESIN ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COLONY
Authors: Putri Wulandani Liza , Siregar Erwin , Anggani Haru Setyo
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBack ground:Strepococcus mutans colonization around orthodontic bracket is the common thing that may commence the development of white spot lesion.Objectives: This research is to analyze antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles in orthodontic adhesive resin toward Streptococcus mutans colony. Methods: This research was conducted at RSKGM University of Indonesia on August 2019. Thirty extracted premolars were randomly allocated into three groups.  Bracket was bonded to each specimen using orthodontic adhesive resin (Transbond XT) that was incorporated with titanium dioxide/chitosan nanoparticles. Each sample was submerged in bacterial suspension and was incubated for 24 hours. Streptococcus mutans colony around orthodontic bracket was counted with Total Plate Count methodandthen analyzed using statistical analysis. Results: There is no difference in Streptococcus mutans colony around orthodontic brackets among three treatment groups. Conclusion: Antibacterial effect of orthodontic adhesive resins incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles did not differ from orthodontic adhesive resins incorporated with or without chitosan nanoparticles. This is depicted from the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies around the orthodontic brackets.Keywords:  Chitosan nanoparticles, Orthodontic adhesive resin, Streptococcus mutans, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Perbandingan Kualitas Udara Berdasarkan Parameter Deposisi Kering di Jakarta, Bandung, dan Serpong
Authors:   Puslitbang Kualitas dan Laboratorium Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Puji Lestari Retno , Aries Tanti Dyah ,   Pusat Sains dan Teknologi Atmosfer (PSTA)- Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN), Riski Utari Miya ,   Program Studi Kimia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Kartika Yuni ,   Pusat Informasi Perubahan Iklim, Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG)
Published: May 2021

Peningkatan emisi gas buang dari kegiatan industri dan transportasi berkontribusi pada terjadinya pencemaran udara dan menyebabkan deposisi asam. Pemantauan deposisi kering di tiga lokasi berbeda (Serpong, Jakarta, dan Bandung) dilakukan selama tahun 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi polutan parameter deposisi kering, serta melihat perbandingan konsentrasi saat musim hujan dan kemarau. Pengukuran deposisi kering dengan metode filter pack meliputi dua parameter yaitu partikulat Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, NO3-, dan SO42- dalam aerosol serta gas-gas SO2, HNO3, NH3, dan HCl. Udara dilewatkan pada four stage filter pack yang memiliki spesifikasi untuk tiap komponen kimia di setiap rangkaian filter, selama dua minggu secara kontinyu menggunakan pompa dengan laju alir 1 L/menit. Filter hasil sampling dipreparasi dan dianalisis menggunakan Ion Chromatography DIONEX ICS5000 menggunakan eluen campuran NaHCO3 2,7 mM dan Na2CO3 0,3 mM untuk anion dan eluen MSA 20 mM untuk kation dengan laju alir pengukuran 1 L/menit. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa gas NH3 dan partikulat SO42- di setiap lokasi merupakan polutan dominan dalam deposisi kering. Konsentrasi NH3 tertinggi di Jakarta terjadi pada bulan Desember (4,4 ppb), di Bandung pada bulan November (17 ppb), sementara di Serpong pada bulan Juli (13 ppb). Konsentrasi SO42- paling tinggi di Jakarta terjadi pada bulan Juli (10,3 mg/m3), di Bandung pada bulan Februari (11,7 mg/m3), dan di Serpong pada bulan September (8,6 mg/m3). Persentase senyawa NH3 di Jakarta, Bandung, dan Serpong masing-masing sebesar 41%, 70%, dan 64%, sementara SO42- masing-masing sebesar 42%, 49%, dan 58%. Tidak terlihat adanya perbedaan nyata antara konsentrasi pencemar pada musim hujan dan kemarau di Bandung, Jakarta, dan Serpong untuk beberapa parameter, kecuali di Jakarta untuk Na+ (p < 0,05), di Serpong untuk SO2, HCl,dan K+ berbeda nyata (p < 0,05), serta parameter HNO3 dan NO3- berbeda nyata (p < 0,001).
Validasi Metode Pengujian Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Dalam Air Laut Secara Titrimetri Berdasarkan SNI 6989.72:2009
Authors:   Puslitbang Kualitas dan Laboratorium Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Diah Pitalokasari Oktaria , Fiqri Shohibul , Ayudia Dini
Published: May 2021

Validasi Metode Pengujian Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Dalam Air Laut Secara Titrimetri Berdasarkan SNI 6989.72:2009. Metode Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) untuk Pengujian BOD di air laut selama ini belum ada. Cara Uji Kebutuhan Oksigen Biokimia atau Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (SNI 6989.72:2009) hanya berlaku untuk air dan air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi metode SNI 6989.72:2009 untuk matrik air laut. Validasi metode pengujian BOD pada air laut ini dilakukan secara titrimetri, berdasarkan penentuan oksigen terlarut sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi pada temperatur 20oC selama 5 hari (BOD5). Hasil validasi memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah populasi bakteri optimum dalam analisis BOD air laut 19,64 x 106 CFU/mL atau 4 mL Polyseed dalam 1 botol winkler 100 mL, dengan konsentrasi BOD5 standar GGA 174,73 mg/L, dan %O2 54,06, hasil ini sesuai dengan standar APHA No. 5210-2012. Nilai akurasi validasi berada dalam rentang 88–96%, presisi %RSD yang diterima, serta hasil pengujian yang linear. Hasil pengujian atau pengukuran menunjukan bahwa BOD5 dengan bakteri isolasi dan Polyseed menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan berdasarkan uji t, Nilai BOD5 sampel air laut yang digunakan sebesar 12,38 mg/L, melebihi baku mutu BOD5 sesuai KEPMENLH No 51 Th. 2004 untuk air laut wisata bahari (<10 mg/L) namun belum melebihi baku mutu kawasan biota laut (<20 mg/L).
Leaving the Dark Side? Insights Into the Evolution of Luciferases
Authors: Delroisse Jérôme , Duchatelet Laurent , Flammang Patrick , Mallefet Jérôme
Published: May 2021

Bioluminescence – i.e., the emission of visible light by living organisms - is defined as a biochemical reaction involving, at least, a luciferin substrate, an oxygen derivative, and a specialised luciferase enzyme. In some cases, the enzyme and the substrate are durably associated and form a photoprotein. While this terminology is educatively useful to explain bioluminescence, it gives a false idea that all luminous organisms are using identical or homologous molecular tools to achieve light emission. As usually observed in biology, reality is more complex. To date, 11 different luciferins have indeed been discovered, and several non-homologous luciferases lato sensu have been identified which, all together, confirms that bioluminescence emerged independently multiple times during the evolution of living organisms. While some phylogenetically related organisms may use non-homologous luciferases (e.g., at least four convergent luciferases are found in Pancrustacea), it has also been observed that phylogenetically distant organisms may use homologous luciferases (e.g., parallel evolution observed in some cnidarians, tunicates and echinoderms that are sharing a homologous luciferase-based system). The evolution of luciferases then appears puzzling. The present review takes stock of the diversity of known “bioluminescent proteins”, their evolution and potential evolutionary origins. A total of 134 luciferase and photoprotein sequences have been investigated (from 75 species and 11 phyla), and our analyses identified 12 distinct types – defined as a group of homologous bioluminescent proteins. The literature review indicated that genes coding for luciferases and photoproteins have potentially emerged as new genes or have been co-opted from ancestral non-luciferase/photoprotein genes. In this latter case, the homologous gene’s co-options may occur independently in phylogenetically distant organisms.
Symptoms and Underlying Diseases Associated with the Hospitalization Period of 3480 Covid-19 Patients in Hormozgan, Iran
Authors: Kamalzadeh Takhti Hesamuddin , Ardaneh Mahdieh , Zare Shahram , Rezaei Sarkhaei Maryam , Amiri-Ardekani Ehsan
Published: May 2021

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 has a relationship with patients’ demographic characteristics as well as their underlying diseases. This research has been conducted to evaluate factors' effect on Covid-19 patient's hospitalization rate and period in Hormozgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria of this retrospective study included all patients diagnosed as COVID-19 Patients after PCR who were referred to Covid-19 hospitals from February 2020 to June 2020 in Hormozgan province, Iran. After the completion of the consent form and observing ethical principles, 3480 patients' information was collected through the interview by Medical care monitoring center unit experts. The checklist was designed according to COVID-19 guidelines and approved by the World Health Organization and Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The studied variables included gender, age, patients’ residence place, smoking history and medications use history, pregnancy, referral type to hospital, contact history with COVID-19 patients, early symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, intubation, Po2 level, history of cancer, chronic liver diseases, diabetes, chronic blood diseases, HIV/AIDS, acquired or congenital immunodeficiency, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, dialysis status, asthma and other chronic lung diseases, and chronic neurological disorders. These data were analyzed using descriptive (average-standard deviation-percentage) and analytical (including Chi-square, t-test, and regression tests) statistics with SPSS Ver.23 software. Results: In this study, 3480 COVID-19 patients including 1852 male patients (53.20%) with a median age of 43.11±21.72 and 1628 female patients (46/80%) with a median age of 44.86±22.40. The median age of men was significantly lower than the women's median age (P= 0.02). The duration of hospitalization of male and female patients was reported 2.64±4.14 and 2.76±4.297, respectively which was not statistically significant. The death rate of patients in our study was 6.6%. Conclusion: The results of this study also showed that the hospitalization period of HIV-positive patients and patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases is much longer than other people, which imposes many human and financial costs on the country's health care system. Therefore, to maintain individual health and help improve the critical condition of the virus, it is better to develop and apply stricter protocols to prevent further outbreaks of the disease and check underlying diseases of people suspected to have Covid-19. These results can improve health care system planning and improving medical services presented to covid-19 patients.
Statistical Analysis and Neural Network in Detecting Steel Cord Failures in Conveyor Belts
Authors: Olchówka Dominika , Rzeszowska Aleksandra , Jurdziak Leszek , Błażej Ryszard
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the identification and classification of steel cord failures in the conveyor belt core based on an analysis of a two-dimensional image of magnetic field changes recorded using the Diagbelt system around scanned failures in the test belt. The obtained set of identified changes in images obtained for numerous devices parameters settings were the base for statistical analysis. It makes it possible to determine the Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient between the parameters being changed and the image of the failures. In the second stage of the research, artificial intelligence methods were applied to construct a multilayer neural network (MLP) and to teach its appropriate identification of damage. In both methods were used the same data sets, which made it possible to compare methods.
Handedness Development: A Model for Investigating the Development of Hemispheric Specialization and Interhemispheric Coordination
Authors: Michel George Frederick
Published: May 2021

The author presents his perspective on the character of science, development, and handedness and relates these to his investigations of the early development of handedness. After presenting some ideas on what hemispheric specialization of function might mean for neural processing and how handedness should be assessed, the neuroscience of control of the arms/hands and interhemispheric communication and coordination are examined for how developmental processes can affect these mechanisms. The author’s work on the development of early handedness is reviewed and placed within a context of cascading events in which different forms of handedness emerge from earlier forms but not in a deterministic manner. This approach supports a continuous rather than categorical distribution of handedness and accounts for the predominance of right-handedness while maintaining a minority of left-handedness. Finally, the relation of the development of handedness to the development of several language and cognitive skills is examined.
Prolonged Stress Causes Depression in Frontline Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Soave Paolo Maurizio , Antonelli Massimo
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has severely tested the mental health of frontline health care workers. A repeated cross-sectional study can provide information on how their mental health evolved during the various phases of the pandemic. The intensivists of a COVID-19 hub hospital in Rome were investigated with a baseline survey during the first wave of the pandemic in April 2020 and were contacted again in December 2020, during the second wave. 152 of the 205 eligible workers responded to an online questionnaire designed to measure procedural justice, occupational stress (effort/reward imbalance), sleep quality, anxiety, depression, burnout, job satisfaction, happiness, and turnover intention. Workers reported a further increase in workload and compassion fatigue, which had already risen during the first wave, and a marked reduction in the time devoted to meditation and mental activities. A low level of confidence in the adequacy of safety procedures and the need to work in isolation, together with an increased workload and lack of time for meditation were the most significant predictors of occupational stress in a stepwise linear regression model. Occupational stress was, in turn, a significant predictor of insomnia, anxiety, low job satisfaction, burnout, and intention to leave the hospital. The number of workers manifesting symptoms of depression increased significantly to exceed 60%. Action to prevent occupational risks and enhance individual resilience cannot be postponed.
Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis With Legumes
Authors: Acosta-Jurado Sebastián , Fuentes-Romero Francisco , Ruiz-Sainz Jose-Enrique , Janczarek Monika , Vinardell José-María
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Rhizobia are soil proteobacteria able to engage in a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with legumes which involves root rhizobial infection and bacterial invasion of new organs formed by the plant in response to the presence of appropriate bacterial partners. This interaction relies on a complex molecular dialogue between both symbionts. Bacterial N-acetyl-glucosamine oligomers called Nod factors are indispensable in most cases for early steps of the symbiotic interaction. In addition, different rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), may also be symbiotically relevant. EPS are acidic polysaccharides located out of the cell with little or no cell association that carry out important roles both in free-life and in symbiosis. EPS production is very complexly modulated and, frequently, co-regulated with that of Nod factors, but the type of co-regulation varies depending on the rhizobial strain. Many studies point out a signalling role of EPS-derived oligosaccharides in root infection and nodule invasion but, in certain symbiotic couples, EPS can be dispensable for a successful interaction. In summary, the complex regulation of the production of rhizobial EPS varies in different rhizobia and the relevance of this polysaccharide in symbiosis with legumes depends on the specific interacting couple.
Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C60, C70 and Gd@C82 Fullerenes on Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Anti-inflammatory Pathways
Authors: Proskurnina Elena V. , Mikheev Ivan V. , Savinova Ekaterina A. , Ershova Elizaveta S. , Veiko Natalia N. , Kameneva Larisa V. , Dolgikh Olga A. , Rodionov Ivan V. , Proskurnin Mikhail A. , Kostyuk and Svetlana V.
Published: May 2021

Background: Fullerenes and metallofullerenes can be considered promising nanopharmaceuticals themselves and as a basis for chemical modification. As reactive oxygen species homeostasis plays a vital role in cells, the study of their effect on genes involved in oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response is of particular importance. Methods: Human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 in concentrations of 5 nM and 1.5 µM for 1, 3, 24, and 72 hours. Cell viability, intracellular ROS, NOX4, NFκB, PRAR-γ, NRF2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 expression have been studied. Results & conclusion: The aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 fullerenes are active participants in ROS homeostasis. Low and high concentrations of AFDs have similar effects. C70 was the most inert substance, C60 was the most active substance. All AFDs have both a “prooxidant” and “antioxidant” effect, but with a different balance. Gd@C82 was a substance with more pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while C70 had more pronounced “prooxidant” properties.
The Role of cAMP in Beta Cell Stimulus-Secretion and Inter-cellular Coupling
Authors: Stožer Andraž , Paradiž Leitgeb Eva , Pohorec Viljem , Dolenšek Jurij , Križančić Bombek Lidija , Gosak Marko , Skelin Klemen Maša
Published: May 2021

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin in response to stimulation with glucose and other nutrients, and impaired insulin secretion plays a central role in development of diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological management of diabetes includes various antidiabetic drugs, including incretins. The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide, potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by binding to G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in stimulation of adenylate cyclase and production of the secondary messenger cAMP, which exerts its intracellular effects through activation of protein kinase A or the guanine nucleotide exchange protein 2A. The mo-lecular mechanisms behind these two downstream signaling arms are still not fully elucidated and involve many steps in the stimulus-secretion coupling cascade, ranging from the proximal regula-tion of ion channel activity, to the central Ca2+ signal, and the most distal exocytosis. In addition to modifying intracellular coupling, the effect of cAMP on insulin secretion could also be at least partly explained by the impact on intercellular coupling. In this review, we systematically describe the possible roles of cAMP at these intra- and inter-cellular signaling nodes, keeping in mind the rele-vance for the whole organism and translation to humans.
The Role of Climate Datasets in Understanding Climate Extremes
Authors: Eresanya Emmanuel , Orimoloye Israel R. , Durowoju Olufemi Sunday , Daramola Mojolaoluwa , Olowe Jesufemi Peter , Akinleye Folorunsho , Olorunsaye Olasunkanmi
Published: May 2021

The impact of climate extremes on the society has been of great concern to environmental scientist and policy makers. The destructive consequence attributed to natural hazards associated with climates extremes has been estimated to billions of dollars across the globe. To carry out a robust and effective researches that help to minimize or prevent the loss, detailed datasets of the past, present and future are needed. This will help to give an accurate prediction and early warning which is necessary for the policy making.