bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reformationsjubilæernes iscenesættelse af samhørighed mellem stat, kirke og folk i Danmark
Authors: Warburg Margit
Published: November 2018

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The 500th anniversary of the onset of the Lutheran reformation was celebrated in Denmark during most of 2017. Unlike the celebrations in Norway, Sweden and Germany, the Danish celebrations had a remarkable focus on the national significance of the Reformation. The celebrations ranged from large, state-sponsored national events to more than one thousand local arrangements involving civil society, educational institutions and parishes. This article analyses some of the historical Reformation jubilees in Denmark and compare them to fresh empirical material from the Danish Reformation jubilee in 2017. The analysis shows, among other things, that a recurrent theme in the celebrations was a claim of a special relationship between Denmark and God, which is a clear expression of Danish civil religion. Examples of civil-religious statements and activities are presented.

DANSK RESUMÉ:500-års jubilæet for Reformationens begyndelse blev fejret i Danmark gennem det meste af 2017. I modsætning til fejringerne i Norge, Sverige og Tyskland var de danske fejringer i bemærkelsesværdig grad rettet mod reformationens nationale betydning. Fejringerne rakte fra store, statslige, nationale begivenheder til over et tusinde lokale arrangementer med deltagelse af civilsamfund, uddannelsesinstitutioner og kirkesogne. Denne artikel analyserer nogle af de historiske reformationsjubilæer og sammenligner dem med nyt empirisk materiale fra det danske reformationsjubilæum i 2017. Analysen påviser blandt andet, at et gennemgående tema i fejringerne var en påstand om et særligt forhold mellem Danmark og Gud, hvad der klart er udtryk for dansk civilreligion. I artiklen bliver der givet eksempler på civilreligiøse udsagn og aktiviteter.
Anmeldelse af: Niels Grønkjær, Det nye menneske. Efter naturalisme og eksistentialisme
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: November 2018

Niels Grønkjær, Det nye menneske. Efter naturalisme og eksistentialisme,Eksistensen 2017, 389 s., 299 kr.
Why Multimodality? Why Co-Operative Action? (transcribed by J. Philipsen)
Authors: Goodwin Charles
Published: November 2018

This paper is based on a keynote presentation by Charles Goodwin at the 3rd Multimodality Day conference in Copenhagen, Oct 2017. He started the talk in the following way: “Just one thing I want to say before I begin: it is an honor and a pleasure to have spend my life in this field and this community. Doing work that is not trying to make machines of war but to try to find out what it is to be human. And the other side is that I feel very strongly that one of the best things about our lives is that we are in the midst of these intergenerational transmission processes. And one of the great things for me has been all the students and all the colleagues I have had, and the opportunity to share these things.”
Arbejde, krop og sundhed
Authors: Kamp Annette , Hansen Agnete Meldgaard , Krøjer Jo , Andersen Pernille Tanggaard
Published: November 2018

Kroppen i arbejdet er et centralt tema i arbejdslivsforskningen. Nedslidning, ulykker og sygdomme som konsekvenser af belastninger i arbejdet har i mange år udgjort en grundstamme, ikke mindst i den arbejdsmedicinske forskning. Dette fokus på belastning af kroppen er også et omdrejningspunkt i Arbejdsmiljøloven, hvor målet om et sikkert og sundt arbejdsmiljø sigter på at sikre, at kroppen (og psyken) kan holde til arbejdets belastning i et helt arbejdsliv. Imidlertid har vi i de senere år set et nytfokus på kroppen i arbejde; på det kropsarbejde – arbejde med egne og andres kroppe – som kræves i det moderne arbejde (Wol-kowitz 2006). 

Dette temanummer når selvsagt ikke omkring hele dette brede felt, men formår alligevel at belyse både arbejdet med andres og med egen krop fra forskellige vinkler. Bidragene tager alle udgangspunkt i arbejdet i social- og sundhedssektoren.
Et udstrakt selv
Authors: Bjønness Jeanett
Published: November 2018

Artiklen undersøger unge studerendes (18-25 år) narrativer om trivsel og håndtering af præstationskrav i forbindelse med at være under uddannelse. Unges brug af receptpligtig medicin til ikke-medicinske formål som at trives eller præstere bedre diskuteres i lyset af et øgende præstations- og effektivitetspres i det danske uddannelsessystem. Analysen viser, at de unge bruger medicin ud fra meget forskellige logikker og forbehold. Nogle unge normaliserer egen brug og ser den som en legitim måde at håndtere oplevet pres på og som en mulighed for at differentiere sig. Andre mener, at de burde kunne klare sig uden. Disse unge fortæller om etiske dilemmaer og om en følelse af at snyde og at bevæge sig væk fra et ’autentisk’ selv. Mange unge fortæller om en følelse af utilstrækkelighed og om stor ambivalens over for de samfundsmæssige krav, de oplever. Artiklen diskuterer, hvorvidt den øgende individualisering i samfundet, både når det gælder valg og ansvar, måske kræver for meget af unge under uddannelse.
Koranen er lyd
Authors: Lyngsøe Maria Lindebæk
Published: November 2018

Denne artikel viser, at kvindelige, københavnske muslimer fra et konservativt moskemiljø bruger den reciterede koran som en integreret del af deres hverdagsrutiner og -praksis. Særligt er sammenhænge, hvor recitationen læres og øves, centrale, og kvinderne arbejder hele tiden på at forbedre og udvide deres recitationskompetencer, f.eks. ved at deltage i undervisning eller ved at lytte til recitation, når de tager bussen. Det er deres opfattelse, at deres recitation altid kan forbedres, og de indgår gennem deres konstante arbejde på at perfektionere deres recitation i det, der med inspiration fra Anna M. Gade (2004) kan beskrives som en vedvarende læringsproces med Koranen. Denne vedvarende læringsproces opfattes som en from og meningsfuld praksis i sig selv, og den er af stor betydning for kvindernes subjektivitetsformation og identifikation som dedikerede og fromme muslimer. Uden at gøre op med de konservative kønsopfattelser, der findes i det miljø, de er tilknyttet, viser kvinderne gennem deres daglige koraniske praksis et religiøst engagement, der lader dem fremstå som centrale islamiske aktører og bærere af Koranen.
Forensic Psychological Assessment in Immigration Court: A Guidebook for Evidence-Based and Ethical Practice by Barton F. Evans III, Giselle A. Hass
Authors: Amos Mari
Published: November 2018

This is Mari Amos's book review of Forensic Psychological Assessment in Immigration Court: A Guidebook for Evidence-Based and Ethical Practice.
“My mind is not like before”: Psychosocial rehabilitation of victims of torture in Athens
Authors: Womersley Gail , Kloetzer Laure , Van den Bergh Rafael , Venables Emilie , Severy Nathalie , Gkionakis Nikos , Popontopoulou Christina , Kokkiniotis Manolis , Zamatto Federica
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The dual trauma of being a victim of torture as well as a refugee is related to a myriad of losses, human rights violations and other dimensions of suffering linked to torture experienced pre-migration, as well as different forms of violence experienced during and after migration.

Method: To present three case studies to explore culturally-informed perspectives on trauma among victims of torture and track trajectories of psychosocial rehabilitation in relation to environmental factors. The case studies are part of a larger qualitative study of asylum seekers and refugees in a center for victims of torture in Athens, managed by Médecins Sans Frontières and Babel in collaboration with Greek Council for Refugees, which follows beneficiaries, their care providers and community representatives and leaders.

Results: Key themes emerging include the substantial psychological impact of current material realities of migrant victims of torture as they adapt to their new environment and engage in rehabilitation. Delayed asylum trials, poor living conditions and unemployment have a substantial impact on posttraumatic symptoms that in turn influence psychosocial rehabilitation. Personal, social, and cultural resources emerged as having a mediating effect.

Discussion: The results highlight the significant impact of the political, legal, and sociocultural environment on psychosocial rehabilitation. Practical implications for interventions are to ensure holistic, interdisciplinary, and culturally sensitive care which includes a focus on environmental factors affecting resilience; and with a dynamic focus on the totality of the individual over isolated pathologies.
Migration and torture: Building a map of knowledge
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau
Published: November 2018

We already have more than twenty-five years of academic research on migration and torture; the field has developed into an increasingly complex one since the first descriptive and epidemiological studies. This Editorial puts forward a conceptual map for helping to understand migration and torture and introduces the collection of papers in this issue of the Torture Journal.
Debility, dependency and dread: On the conceptual and evidentiary dimensions of psychological torture
Authors: Cakal Ergun
Published: November 2018

Background: Psychological torture is deployed to break and obliterate human resistance, spirit and personality, but it is rarely afforded sufficient attention. Deficiencies in conceptualising, documenting and adjudicating non-physical torture mean that it is frequently left undetected and uncontested by the public, media and the courts, bolstering impunity for its perpetrators. A review of the current literature to map conceptual and evidentiary shortcomings from an inter-disciplinary perspective is therefore warranted.

Method: The relevant texts were identified through a systematic full-text search of databases, namely HeinOnline, HUDOC, UNODS and DIGNITY´s Documentation Centre, with the keywords `psychological torture´, `mental pain and suffering´, `severity´, `humiliation´, `interrogation techniques´, and `torture methods´. The identified texts, limited to English-language journal articles, NGO reports, court-cases and UN documents from 1950 to date, were then selected for relevance pertaining to conceptual, evidentiary, technological and ethical critique provided therein.

Results/Discussion: Evidential invisibility, subjectivity of the suffering, and perceived technological control are the primary ways in which psychological torture methods are designed, and how they manage to evade prosecution and consequently be perpetuated. Cognisant of the need for further research, pertinent questions highlighting the need to develop approaches, sharpen standards and use a medical/psychological/legal interdisciplinary approach are suggested.
L’activité poétique au théâtre, une forme en devenir? À travers La trilogie des flous de Daniel Danis et (e) de Dany Boudreault
Authors: Dodet Cyrielle
Published: November 2018

Daniel Danis et Dany Boudreault placent une singulière activité poétique au coeur de leurs recherches théâtrales. Elle se déploie tant dans leurs écritures que sur les scènes qu’ils investissent dansLa trilogie des flous, spectacle écrit, mis en scène et interprété par Danis en 2008, et dans(e), écrit, mis en scène et interprété par Boudreault en 2013. Cette activité poétique valorise les processus de création, tout en les partageant de façon accrue avec lecteurs et spectateurs. Ces expériences théâtrales sont étudiées selon une approche intermédiale pour être saisies dans le mouvement qui les caractérise et qui rend leur dimension informe si fertile.
L’adaptation au changement climatique devant les questions de gouvernance de l’eau
Authors: LÉTOURNEAU Alain
Published: November 2018

Situé en philosophie pratique, impliquant à ce titre une perspective d’ouverture aux sciences concernées, ce texte cherche à clarifier les requêtes qui concernent un domaine d’action particulier. Il fait d’abord un rappel des grandes lignes du programme centré sur l’adaptation aux changements climatiques. La question de la gouvernance de l’eau est ensuite posée en termes de gestion intégrée dans le cadre des travaux en gouvernance environnementale, ce qui suppose de revenir de manière critique sur la notion de gouvernance. Puis la question principale est de savoir si l’adaptation aux changements doit être confiée à des groupes régionaux multiacteurs ayant spécifiquement cette tâche ou si elle doit plutôt relever des acteurs de la gestion intégrée de l’eau. C’est la première option que nous retenons ici, tout en plaidant pour une intégration des forces impliquées dans la gestion intégrée de l’eau.
The Guelph Water connection: The contribution of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to the study of water management in Guelph, Ontario
Authors: GRAVEL Nathalie , KONÉ Adama
Published: November 2018

The application of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to the case of water management in the municipality of Guelph, Ontario, located at the periphery of Toronto, highlights the interactions between the multiple water actors in Canada who, while organised as an informal network, build knowledge together on “blue” and resilient cities. It provides a cross-cutting look at water resource co-management and the process of multiscalar public policy development by considering exchanges and negotiations between administrative bodies, the pan-Canadian water network and the organized local civil society. The water soft path approach has federated the actors of the network who share/build ideas together about sustainable municipal water management. The study of the water nexus in Guelph, of its territoriality and its history, allows for a better understanding of how and why a conservationist culture embracing the principles of “green living” has developed in Guelph and why it has become a centre for water innovation in Canada.
Game over: cartas, rol y comida
Authors: Badía Climent Sara , Alemany Martínez Amparo
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo propone tres actividades de carácter gamificado y experiencial para las clases de E/LE enfocadas a un nivel A1+: un juego de cartas basado en el Cards Against Humanity(2011), una cata de comida inspirada en Master Chefy un juego de rol mediatizado a través de la plataforma Classcraft(2016). Estas están destinadas a reforzar contenidos gramaticales y léxicos como los adjetivos y la flexión de género, los usos de datos personales o la construcción de oraciones simples. Además de ello, el carácter flexible de estas actividades permite trabajar conlos componentes interculturales, socioculturales y afectivos.
¡No sé si reír o llorar! Secuencia de actividades verbo-tonales para la pronunciación del español
Authors: Muñoz Ruiz Paula , González Gonzálvez Ana , García Gómez Lara
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se pretenden desarrollar una serie de actividades verbo-tonales dirigidas a estudiantes sinohablantes, que poseen determinadas desventajas lingüísticas respecto al español. Por una parte, se plantea favorecer la expresión y reconocimiento de las emociones, mientras que por otra parte se pretende fomentar la práctica del sonido [r]. La propuesta didáctica se compone de tres fases donde primero se presentan y practican las entonaciones del español, después se tratan las emociones asociadas con colores en base a la película Del revés (favoreciendo primero la destreza de comprensión auditiva y, después, la expresión oral). En la última fase los estudiantes ponen en práctica lo visto anteriormente a través de un juego lúdico. Así, con esta sesión didáctica, se pretende favorecer la competencia léxica, gramatical y pragmática-kinésicaque afecta a este colectivo en parte debido a motivos socioculturales.
Lenguaje vago: los números en la enseñanza de Español como Lengua Extranjera
Authors: Martí Contreras Jorge
Published: November 2018

El lenguaje vago, además de la atenuación, es un aspecto pragmático que ha sido llevado en aula de Español como Lengua Extranjera muy pocas veces. De hecho ni el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia de las Lenguas ni el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes le dan la relevancia que tiene, sobre todo en niveles B y C.
En el presente artículo se realiza un acercamiento teórico al lenguaje vago, más concretamente a la utilización de los números. Se muestra parte de una base de datos en la que se han recopilado textos orales de Val.Es.Co. (Valencia Español Coloquial), de CREA (Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual) y del proyecto de Investigación Es.Var.Atenuación (Español Variación y Atenuación).
Una vez analizados los resultados arrojados por la base de datos se proponen algunas actividades.
Textos eficaces, alumnos felices: técnicas y reflexiones para mejorar la competencia discursiva de los aprendientes de E/LE
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Julián
Published: November 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar a los profesores de E/LE una serie de herramientas para que sus alumnos puedan ejercitar su competencia discursiva con los textos que reciben y producen. Estas técnicas responden a un enfoque didáctico basado en los textos y en los géneros discursivos, sensible a las diferencias que pueden dificultar la comprensión y la expresión del alumno no nativo, ya sean de orden intercultural (en el plano retórico) o lingüístico (en el manejo del repertorio de los dispositivos léxico-gramaticales que articulan los textos). Presentaremos una justificación teórica de nuestro enfoque y cuatro propuestas de actividades para los niveles A2-C2 del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia(MCER), centradas en la estructura de los géneros discursivos, la cohesión léxica y la coherencia textual.
Cuestiones teóricas para la enseñanza de la vaguedad lingüística
Authors: Pardo Llibrer Adrià
Published: November 2018

Este artículo estudia, desde un punto vista teórico, el problema de la vaguedad lingüística con vistas a posibles aplicaciones en el aula de e/le. De entrada, se define la noción de vaguedad lingüística; tanto desde una óptica filosófica (predicados difusos), como lingüística (la existencia de ciertos términos que modifican los valores de verdad de una proposición). Así, se sintetizan las principales teorías de la vaguedad, estableciendo una distinción operativa entre usos semánticos y pragmáticos de los denominados vaguificadores. Dichos usos pragmáticos pertenecen al nivel discursivo y funcionan dentro de estrategias propias de la atenuación lingüística. Pensamos que estas indicaciones modulares no son incompatibles con la enseñanza de e/le, sino que pueden constituir una técnica que contribuya a la capacidad metalingüística del alumnado.
La variedad lingüística y el cine. Un recurso didáctico para la clase de E/LE
Authors: Roselló Verdeguer Jorge
Published: November 2018

En el presente trabajo realizamos una propuesta didáctica sobre la variación lingüística y cultural tomando como base la película Terrados(2011). Para ello, seleccionamos algunos diálogos de la película con el fin de trabajar sobre las variedades dialectales (interferencias entre español y catalán), las variedades sociales (edad o nivel sociocultural) y, especialmente, los registros (español coloquial). A continuación, también proponemos algunas reflexiones sobre temas sociales en la España actual (la crisis económica, el desempleo, la utilidad de los estudios universitarios, etc.).
Actividades para fomentar la fluidez en la expresión escrita
Authors: Ruiz Herrero Juan
Published: November 2018

La fluidez se concibe y se practica en el aula fundamentalmente como un atributo de las destrezas productivas orales, mientras la instrucción de la expresión escrita tiende a quedar dominada por preocupaciones de carácter formal. Se presentan, pues, consideraciones para fundamentar actividades que faciliten el desarrollo de la fluidez a la hora de escribir y se describen dos secuencias para ejemplificarlo.
Marcadores discursivos: apréndelos y tradúcelos
Authors: Salameh Jiménez Shima
Published: November 2018

La enseñanza de los marcadores discursivos siempre presenta dificultades en la clase de E/LE: aprender un significado procedimental cuesta más que aprender uno conceptual. Traducirlos tampoco es fácil: no todos los marcadores discursivos tienen un equivalente directo en otras lenguas (Rossari 1990). Proponemos una serie de actividades para el aula del traductor alemán-español, dentro de un grupo heterogéneo de alumnos con un nivel de español medio-alto. Las actividades propuestas giran en torno a los distintos niveles lingüísticos con los que se caracteriza a los marcadores (prosódico, morfosintáctico, semántico y pragmático-discursivo). Con ellas, aprenderán a detectar marcadores discursivos en varios medios (escrito y oral) para traducirlos adecuadamente al español. Asimismo, se familiarizarán con nuevas actividades y herramientas de trabajo (Diccionario de Partículas Discursivas del Español–DPDE, Briz, Pons y Portolés 2008–; Corpus de Conversaciones Coloquiales Val.Es.Co. –Briz y grupo Val.Es.Co. 2002­–; Corpus Val.Es.Co. 2.0.–Cabedo y Pons 2013–).
Abrimos el telón al Teatro Clásico Español en la clase de E/LE
Authors: Souto Luz C.
Published: November 2018

El siguiente artículo busca llevar el Teatro Clásico Español a los estudiantes de Español como Lengua Extranjera. Se propone, en primer lugar, un recorrido por los espacios teatrales del Siglo de Oro, deteniéndonos, especialmente, en los corrales de comedia. Desde allí, se continúa con la transformación que realizó el dramaturgo Lope de Vega y se plantean diferentes actividades en torno a la comedia La viuda valenciana. Finalmente, como cierre de telón del estudio, se formula una representación teatral en la que los estudiantes se sientan partícipes de la práctica escénica y de la cultura y la lengua española.
Una clase sobre los usos de los verbos habituales basada en un índice marcador de la dificultad de aprendizaje
Authors: Tsutahara Ryo
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo presentamos nuestra experiencia de enseñanza de la polisemia y usos de los verbos transitivos más habituales, utilizando como referencia un índice que señala la dificultad de aprendizaje de cada verbo. Consideramos que enseñar las palabras más frecuentes es sumamente importante, ya que según nuestro análisis el 70% del discurso de los nativos lo ocupan apenas 600 palabras. El índice que proponemos calcula la cantidad de tipos semánticos de objetos frecuentes de cada verbo, el número de coocurrencias de cada verbo con aquellos objetos y el total de verbos japoneses que se corresponden semánticamente con ellos. El objetivo es impartir clases de manera eficiente, puesto que organizamos las lecciones y elaboramos sus materiales tomando como referencia la información que aporta el índice, el cual nos sirve para establecer qué verbos deben tratarse con mayor cuidado y esfuerzo.
Macro-connectomics and microstructure predict dynamic plasticity patterns in the non-human primate brain
Authors: Froudist-Walsh Sean , Browning Philip GF , Young James J , Murphy Kathy L , Mars Rogier B , Fleysher Lazar , Croxson Paula L
Published: November 2018

The brain displays a remarkable ability to adapt following injury by altering its connections through neural plasticity. Many of the biological mechanisms that underlie plasticity are known, but there is little knowledge as to when, or where in the brain plasticity will occur following injury. This knowledge could guide plasticity-promoting interventions and create a more accurate roadmap of the recovery process following injury. We causally investigated the time-course of plasticity after hippocampal lesions using multi-modal MRI in monkeys. We show that post-injury plasticity is highly dynamic, but also largely predictable on the basis of the functional connectivity of the lesioned region, gradients of cell densities across the cortex and the pre-lesion network structure of the brain. The ability to predict which brain areas will plastically adapt their functional connectivity following injury may allow us to decipher why some brain lesions lead to permanent loss of cognitive function, while others do not.
The Cassandra Motif in Szymborska and Miłosz
Authors: Bodin Per-Arne
Published: November 2018

The article presents a close reading of Wisława Szymborska’s poem “Monolog dla Kasandry”, "Soliloquy for Cassandra". The view of Cassandra as expressed by the poet is compared with the corresponding motifs in Miłosz and more generally with examples from Polish and Eastern European literature and cultural history. It is argued that Szymborska does not agree with the common and traditional Polish image of Cassandra, but instead polemizes against it in a complex and contradictory manner.
Regional fresh snowfall microbiology and chemistry are driven by geography in storm-tracked events, Colorado, USA
Authors: Honeyman Alexander S. , Day Maria L. , Spear John R.
Published: November 2018

Snowfall is a global phenomenon highly integrated with hydrology and ecology. Forays into studying bioaerosols and their dependence on aeolian movement are largely constrained to either precipitation-independent analyses or in silico models. Though snowpack and glacial microbiological studies have been conducted, little is known about the biological component of meteoric snow. Through culture-independent phylogenetic and geochemical analyses, we show that the geographical location at which snow precipitates determines snowfall’s geochemical and microbiological composition. Storm-tracking, furthermore, can be used as a valuable environmental indicator to trace down what factors are influencing bioaerosols. We estimate annual aeolian snowfall deposits of up to ∼10 kg of bacterial/archaeal biomass per hectare along our study area of the eastern Front Range in Colorado. The dominant kinds of microbiota captured in an analysis of seven snow events at two different locations, one urban, one rural, across the winter of 2016/2017 included phylaProteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes, andAcidobacteria, though a multitude of different kinds of organisms were found in both. Taxonomically,Bacteroideteswere more abundant in Golden (urban plain) snow whileProteobacteriawere more common in Sunshine (rural mountain) samples. Chemically, Golden snowfall was positively correlated with some metals and anions. The work also hints at better informing the “everything is everywhere” hypotheses of the microbial world and that atmospheric transport of microbiota is not only common, but is capable of disseminating vast amounts of microbiota of different physiologies and genetics that then affect ecosystems globally. Snowfall, we conclude, is a significant repository of microbiological material with strong implications for both ecosystem genetic flux and general bio-aerosol theory.
Characterization of vaginal microbiota in Thai women
Authors: Sirichoat Auttawit , Buppasiri Pranom , Engchanil Chulapan , Namwat Wises , Faksri Kiatichai , Sankuntaw Nipaporn , Pasomsub Ekawat , Chantratita Wasun , Lulitanond Viraphong
Published: November 2018

Background

The vaginal microbiota (VMB) plays a key role in women’s reproductive health. VMB composition varies with ethnicity, making it necessary to characterize the VMB of the target population before interventions to maintain and/or improve the vaginal health are undertaken. Information on the VMB of Thai women is currently unavailable. We therefore characterized the VMB in normal Thai women.

Methods

Vaginal samples derived from 25 Thai women were subjected to 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Ion Torrent PGM platform.

Results

Two groups of VMB were detected, lactobacilli-dominated (LD) and non-lactobacilli dominated (NLD) groups.Lactobacillus inerswas the most common species found in the LD group whileGardnerella vaginalisfollowed byAtopobium vaginaeandPseudumonas stutzeriwere commonly found in the NLD group.

Conclusions

The VMB patterns present in normal Thai women is essential information to further determine the factors associated with VMB patterns in vaginal health and disease and to develop proper management of reproductive health of Thai women.
Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts for Key Reactions Involved in Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Zhao Shenlong , Wang Da‐Wei , Amal Rose , Dai Liming
Published: November 2018

Electrocatalysts are key for renewable energy technologies and other important industrial processes. Currently, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used catalysts for electrocatalysis. However, metal‐based catalysts often suffer from multiple disadvantages, including high cost, low selectivity, poor durability, impurity poisoning and fuel crossover effects, and detrimental effects on the environment. Therefore, carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts have received increasing interest as promising electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage. Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of low‐cost, efficient carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts for renewable energy technologies and beyond. Here, a concise, but comprehensive and critical, review of recent advances in the field of carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts is provided. A brief overview of various reactions involved in renewable energy conversion and storage, including the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and bifunctional/multifunctional electrocatalysis, along with some challenges and opportunities, is presented.
Structurally Controlled Cellular Architectures for High‐Performance Ultra‐Lightweight Materials
Authors: Yeo Seon Ju , Oh Min Jun , Yoo Pil J.
Published: November 2018

The design and synthesis of cellular structured materials are of both scientific and technological importance since they can impart remarkably improved material properties such as low density, high mechanical strength, and adjustable surface functionality compared to their bulk counterparts. Although reducing the density of porous structures would generally result in reductions in mechanical properties, this challenge can be addressed by introducing a structural hierarchy and using mechanically reinforced constituent materials. Thus, precise control over several design factors in structuring, including the type of constituent, symmetry of architectures, and dimension of the unit cells, is extremely important for maximizing the targeted performance. The feasibility of lightweight materials for advanced applications is broadly explored due to recent advances in synthetic approaches for different types of cellular architectures. Here, an overview of the development of lightweight cellular materials according to the structural interconnectivity and randomness of the internal pores is provided. Starting from a fundamental study on how material density is associated with mechanical performance, the resulting structural and mechanical properties of cellular materials are investigated for potential applications such as energy/mass absorption and electrical and thermal management. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on high‐performance ultra‐lightweight materials potentially implementable by well‐controlled cellular architectures are discussed.
Neandertal features of the deciduous and permanent teeth from Portel‐Ouest Cave (Ariège, France)
Authors: Becam Gaël , Chevalier Tony
Published: November 2018

Objectives

We describe 14 unpublished and nine published teeth from the Mousterian level of Portel‐Ouest (Ariège, France), dated to 44 ka. In a comparative context, we explore the taxonomical affinities of those teeth with Neandertals and modern humans which are both known to exist at that time. We further make some paleobiological inferences about this human group.

Methods

The comparative analysis of Neandertals and modern humans is based on nonmetric traits at the outer enamel surface and the enamel–dentine junction, crown diameters and three‐dimensional (3D) enamel thickness measurements of lower permanent teeth. The crown and roots are explored in detail based on the μCT‐scan data to identify the multiple criteria involved in the paleobiological approach.

Results

Nonmetric traits and 3D enamel thickness tend to be more similar to Neandertals than modern humans, notably for C1, P4, and M2 (included in all analyses) as well as volume of the pulp cavity in roots of the anterior permanent teeth. The Portel‐Ouest sample corresponds to a minimum of seven juveniles, one or two adolescents and one adult, which exhibit recurrent linear enamel hypoplasia (up to five events for one individual), the torsiversion of one anterior tooth and irregular oblique wear in some anterior deciduous teeth.

Discussion

This morphological study confirms that the remains from Portel‐Ouest are Neandertals, associated with a Mousterian complex. Furthermore, we found the expected pattern of mortality and stress for a Neandertal group, that is, various age categories and developmental defects (nonexclusive to Neandertals), while adults are underrepresented and juveniles are overrepresented. Further excavations would contribute finding new remains and maybe complete this demographic profile.
Trabecular bone functional adaptation and sexual dimorphism in the human foot
Authors: Saers Jaap P. P. , Ryan Timothy M. , Stock Jay T.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Trabecular bone adapts to the strains placed upon the skeleton during life. Anthropological research has largely focused on linking variation in primate trabecular bone to locomotor mode, to provide a context for interpreting fossil morphology. However, intraspecific variation and its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Trabecular bone is influenced by a variety of factors including body mass, age, diet, temperature, genetics, sex, and behavior. Before trabecular structure can be used to infer habitual behavior in the past, the effects of these factors need to be understood. In this article, we examine variation in trabecular structure in the human foot in four archaeological groups in relation to inferred levels of terrestrial mobility and sex.

Materials and methods

We use high‐resolution μCT scanning to examine variation in trabecular structure in the human calcaneus, talus, and first metatarsal in two relatively mobile and two relatively sedentary archaeological groups.

Results

The four population samples show similar patterns of trabecular variation throughout the foot, influenced by mechanical loading. Greater inferred terrestrial mobility is associated with greater bone volume fraction and thicker, more widely spaced, and less interconnected trabeculae. However, contrary to diaphyseal rigidity, only limited sexual dimorphism was found in trabecular structure.

Discussion

This work demonstrates that trabecular bone may serve as a useful proxy of habitual behavior in the fossil and archaeological record when other factors are carefully considered. However, the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism are not well understood. As such, inferring sex differences in habitual behavior is currently challenging.
Indirect CO2 Methanation: Hydrogenolysis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Ru‐Modified Zeolite Produces Methane and Diols
Authors: Lee Wei‐Tse , van Muyden Antoine P. , Bobbink Felix D. , Huang Zhangjun , Dyson Paul J.
Published: November 2018

We report a ruthenium‐modified zeolite which efficiently transforms propylene carbonate to propylene glycol and methane, under solvent‐free conditions. The catalyst achieved high product selectivity and no significant ageing effect was observed after multiple cycles. The resulting liquid product (water‐containing glycol) can be directly used as anti‐freeze solution and the gas phase can directly be used as an energy carrier in the form of H2‐enriched methane. This process efficiently bridges energy storage and an important chemical synthesis under sustainable (CO2 consuming) conditions.
Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and anticonvulsant evaluation of novel 1‐((2‐hydroxyethyl)(aryl)amino)‐N‐substituted cycloalkanecarboxamides and their acetate esters
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Mohamed N. , El‐Azzouny Aida A. , Amin Kamilia M. , Aboutabl Mona E. , Abo‐Elmagd Mai I.
Published: November 2018

A series of 1‐((2‐hydroxyethyl)(aryl)amino)‐N‐substituted cycloalkanecarboxamides IXa–l and their acetate esters Xa–l were designed and synthesized as new anticovulsant agents. The evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect was performed in vivo by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) tests in mice. Further, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and acute toxicity were determined. All the new candidates displayed 100% anticonvulsant activity in the scPTZ screen in the dose range of 0.0057–0.283 mmol/kg. The most potent compounds in the scPTZ screen were Xh (ED50 = 0.0012 mmol/kg), Xd (ED50 = 0.002 mmol/kg), Xf (ED50 = 0.004 mmol/kg), IXj (ED50 = 0.0047 mmol/kg), Xl (ED50 = 0.0076 mmol/kg), and Xi (ED50 = 0.008 mmol/kg). They exhibited higher fold activity in the anticonvulsant potential than the gold standards, phenobarbital and ethosuximide. Compound Xf was active in both scPTZ and MES screens. It showed ED50 of 0.016 mmol/kg in MES screen. In the neurotoxicity screens, none of the test compounds displayed any minimal motor impairment at the maximum administered dose. The 3D pharmacophore model using Biova 1 Discovery Studio 2016 programs exhibited high fit value. The anticonvulsant evaluation results were compatible with the molecular modeling study.
Promotion of Calcium/Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase 4 by GLUT1‐Dependent Glycolysis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Koga Tomohiro , Sato Tomohito , Furukawa Kaori , Morimoto Shimpei , Endo Yushiro , Umeda Masataka , Sumiyoshi Remi , Fukui Shoichi , Kawashiri Shin‐ya , Iwamoto Naoki , Ichinose Kunihiro , Tamai Mami , Origuchi Tomoki , Nakamura Hideki , Kawakami Atsushi
Published: November 2018

Objective

To clarify the significance of immunometabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to determine the effect of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase 4 (CaMK4) on T cell metabolism.

Methods

Metabolomic profiling was performed using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry in naive T cells from MRL/lpr mice treated with anti‐CD3/CD28 antibodies in the absence or presence of a CaMK4 inhibitor (KN‐93). The expression of GLUT1 and CaMK4 in CD4+ T cells from healthy controls (n = 16), patients with inactive SLE (n = 13), and patients with active SLE (n = 14) was examined by flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the effect of KN‐93 on the expression of GLUT1 during Th17 cell differentiation in T cells from patients with SLE.

Results

CaMK4 inhibition significantly decreased the levels of glycolytic intermediates such as glucose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐1,6‐diphosphate, pyruvate, and lactate (P < 0.05), whereas it did not affect the levels of the pentose phosphate pathway intermediates such as 6‐phospho‐d‐gluconate, ribulose‐5‐phosphate, ribose‐5‐phosphate, and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate. The expression levels of GLUT1 and CaMK4 in effector memory CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with active SLE compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and patients with inactive SLE (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). A functional analysis revealed that CaMK4 inhibition decreased the expression of GLUT1 during Th17 cell differentiation (P < 0.01), followed by a reduction of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) production (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that the activity of CaMK4 could be responsible for glycolysis, which contributes to the production of IL‐17, and CaMK4 may contribute to aberrant expression of GLUT1 in T cells from patients with active SLE.
A Study of the Interaction Between Cucurbit[8]uril and Alkyl‐Substituted 4‐Pyrrolidinopyridinium Salts
Authors: Xu Weitao , Kan Jinglan , Yang Bo , Prior Timothy J. , Bian Bing , Xiao Xin , Tao Zhu , Redshaw Carl
Published: November 2018

The interaction between cucuribit[8]uril (Q[8]) and a series of 4‐pyrrolidinopyridinium salts bearing aliphatic substituents at the pyridinium nitrogen, namely 4‐(C4H8N)C5H5NRBr, where R=Et (g1), n‐butyl (g2), n‐pentyl (g3), n‐hexyl (g4), n‐octyl (g5), n‐dodecyl (g6), has been studied in aqueous solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry and mass spectrometry. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed the structure of the host–guest complexes for g1, g2, g3, and g5. In each case, the Q[8] contains two guest molecules in a centrosymmetric dimer. The orientation of the guest molecule changes as the alkyl chain increases in length. Interestingly, in the solid state, the inclusion complexes identified are different from those observed in solution, and furthermore, in the case of g3, Q[8] exhibits two different interactions with the guest. In solution, the length of the alkyl chain plays a significant role in determining the type of host–guest interaction present.
Analyses of Adsorption Behavior of CO2, CH4, and N2 on Different Types of BETA Zeolites
Authors: Henrique Adriano , Karimi Mohsen , Silva José A. C. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: November 2018

The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of CO2, CH4, and N2 on three types of BETA zeolites were investigated at different temperatures and a defined partial pressure range from dynamic breakthrough experiments. The adsorbed amount followed the decreasing order of CO2 > CH4 > N2 for all studied materials. For the same ratio of SiO2/Al2O3, the Na‐BETA‐25 zeolite showed a higher uptake capacity than H‐BETA‐25, due to the presence of a Na+ cationic center. Comparing the same H+ compensation cation, zeolite H‐BETA‐25 expressed a slightly higher adsorption capacity than H‐BETA‐150. Regarding the selectivity of gases, based on their affinity constants, H‐BETA‐150 displayed the best ability. The adsorption kinetics was considered using the zero‐length‐column (ZLC) technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the interactions between adsorption parameters and to describe the process.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of MoS2 Crystal for Hydrogen Electrogeneration
Authors: Ambrosi Adriano , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2018

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently emerged within the group of 2D materials due to their electrical, catalytic and optical properties significantly enhanced and useful when down‐sized to single layer. In particular, MoS2 has attracted much attention due to its semiconducting nature with a useful band gap when present as single layer, the enhanced photoluminescence, but also importantly the excellent catalytic properties towards the electrochemical hydrogen evolution. We present here the preparation of thin layers MoS2 nanosheets with enhanced catalytic properties towards the hydrogen evolution reaction by means of an easy and fast electrochemical top‐down exfoliation procedure in aqueous solution from a naturally occurring MoS2 crystal. After structural and chemical characterization with STEM, AFM, XPS and Raman spectroscopy electrochemical investigations were performed to test catalytic properties in acidic solution for the electrogeneration of hydrogen and compare it to MoS2 nanosheets obtained through the widely employed chemical Li intercalation/exfoliation. Electrochemically exfoliated MoS2 shows lower Tafel slope than its counterpart obtained with chemical exfoliation.
Metalo Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks (MHOFs) as New Class of Crystalline Materials for Protonic Conduction
Authors: Chand Santanu , Pal Shyam Chand , Pal Arun , Ye Yingxiang , Lin Quanjie , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang , Das Madhab C.
Published: November 2018

Recently, proton conduction has been a thread of high potential owing to its wide applications in fuel‐cell technology. In the search for a new class of crystalline materials for protonic conductors, three metalo hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (MHOFs) based on [Ni(Imdz)6]2+ and arene disulfonates (MHOF1 and MHOF2) or dicarboxylate (MHOF3) have been reported (Imdz=imidazole). The presence of an ionic backbone with charge‐assisted H‐bonds, coupled with amphiprotic imidazoles made these MHOFs protonic conductors, exhibiting conduction values of 0.75×10−3, 3.5×10−4 and 0.97×10−3 S cm−1, respectively, at 80 °C and 98 % relative humidity, which are comparable to other crystalline metal‐organic framework, coordination polymer, polyoxometalate, covalent organic framework, and hydrogen‐bonded organic framework materials. This report initiates the usage of MHOF materials as a new class of solid‐state proton conductors.
Rate‐based‐Modellierung von CO2‐Absorptionskolonnen mit Anstaupackungen
Authors: Flechsig Steve , Borgolte Torben , Utchenko Yaroslav , Sohr Johanna , Schubert Markus , Hampel Uwe , Kenig Eugeny Y.
Published: November 2018

Die Effizienz von Trennkolonnen für Fluidgemische kann durch die Anwendung von Anstaupackungen gesteigert werden. Dabei entstehen im Betrieb belastungsabhängige, in ihrer Trennwirkung unterschiedliche Regime. Um die Auswirkungen der einzelnen Strömungsregime in einem Modell erfassen zu können, werden sowohl Trennleistungsmessungen als auch tomographische Methoden verwendet. Ein Rate‐based‐Modell wird vorgestellt, in dem die heterogenen Strömungsformen in Anstaupackungen mittels geeigneter Korrelationen berücksichtigt werden. Das Modell wird anhand gemessener Daten zur CO2‐Absorption getestet.
Uninterrupted anticoagulation with non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: Lessons learned from randomized trials
Authors: Cardoso Rhanderson , Willems Stephan , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Verma Atul , Schilling Richard , Hohnloser Stefan H. , Okumura Ken , Nordaby Matias , Brouwer Marc A. , Calkins Hugh
Published: November 2018

Catheter ablation has been established as a rhythm control strategy in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have failed or wish to avoid anti‐arrhythmic drugs. Uninterrupted oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) peri‐ablation is associated with a lower risk of thromboembolic and bleeding complications as compared to interrupted oral anticoagulation and bridging heparin. However, a substantial portion of patients with AF are treated with non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Herein, we perform an in‐depth review and comparison of three recent randomized trials of uninterrupted oral anticoagulation with NOACs vs VKAs in patients undergoing AF catheter ablation. Furthermore, we report pooled results of these randomized trials. The pooled incidence of major bleeding was significantly lower with NOACs as compared to VKAs (2% vs 4.9%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 0.40; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.16‐0.99). Similarly, cardiac tamponade was also reduced in the NOAC group (0.4% vs 1.5%; OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.07‐0.97). Thromboembolic complications were not significantly different between groups. Overall, these findings support the 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement's class I recommendation for uninterrupted NOAC use in patients undergoing AF catheter ablation.