bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional bursts explain autosomal random monoallelic expression and affect allelic imbalance
Authors: Larsson Anton J. M. , Ziegenhain Christoph , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Reinius Björn , Jacob Tina , Dalessandri Tim , Hendriks Gert-Jan , Kasper Maria , Sandberg Rickard
Published: March 2021

Transcriptional bursts render substantial biological noise in cellular transcriptomes. Here, we investigated the theoretical extent of allelic expression resulting from transcriptional bursting and how it compared to the amount biallelic, monoallelic and allele-biased expression observed in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We found that transcriptional bursting can explain the allelic expression patterns observed in single cells, including the frequent observations of autosomal monoallelic gene expression. Importantly, we identified that the burst frequency largely determined the fraction of cells with monoallelic expression, whereas the burst size had little effect on monoallelic observations. The high consistency between the bursting model predictions and scRNA-seq observations made it possible to assess the heterogeneity of a group of cells as their deviation in allelic observations from the expected. Finally, both burst frequency and size contributed to allelic imbalance observations and reinforced that studies of allelic imbalance can be confounded from the inherent noise in transcriptional bursting. Altogether, we demonstrate that allele-level transcriptional bursting renders widespread, although predictable, amounts of monoallelic and biallelic expression in single cells and cell populations.
Polyploidy-associated paramutation in Arabidopsis is determined by small RNAs, temperature, and allele structure
Authors: Bente Heinrich , Foerster Andrea M. , Lettner Nicole , Mittelsten Scheid Ortrun
Published: March 2021

Paramutation is a form of non-Mendelian inheritance in which the expression of a paramutable allele changes when it encounters a paramutagenic allele. This change in expression of the paramutable alleles is stably inherited even after segregation of both alleles. While the discovery of paramutation and studies of its underlying mechanism were made with alleles that change plant pigmentation, paramutation-like phenomena are known to modulate the expression of other traits and in other eukaryotes, and many cases have probably gone undetected. It is likely that epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for the phenomenon, as paramutation forms epialleles, genes with identical sequences but different expression states. This could account for the intergenerational inheritance of the paramutated allele, providing profound evidence that triggered epigenetic changes can be maintained over generations. Here, we use a case of paramutation that affects a transgenic selection reporter gene in tetraploidArabidopsis thaliana. Our data suggest that different types of small RNA are derived from paramutable and paramutagenic epialleles. In addition, deletion of a repeat within the epiallele changes its paramutability. Further, the temperature during the growth of the epiallelic hybrids determines the degree and timing of the allelic interaction. The data further make it plausible why paramutation in this system becomes evident only in the segregating F2 population of tetraploid plants containing both epialleles. In summary, the results support a model for polyploidy-associated paramutation, with similarities as well as distinctions from other cases of paramutation.
Application of deep learning in automatic detection of technical and tactical indicators of table tennis
Authors: Qiao Fufeng
Published: March 2021

A DCNN-LSTM (Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory) model is proposed to recognize and track table tennis’s real-time trajectory in complex environments, aiming to help the audiences understand competition details and provide a reference for training enthusiasts using computers. Real-time motion features are extracted via deep reinforcement networks. DCNN tracks the recognized objects, and the LSTM algorithm predicts the ball’s trajectory. The model is tested on a self-built video dataset and existing systems and compared with other algorithms to verify its effectiveness. Finally, an overall tactical detection system is built to measure ball rotation and predict ball trajectory. Results demonstrate that in feature extraction, the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm has the best performance, with a maximum accuracy rate of 89% and a minimum mean square error of 0.2475. The accuracy of target tracking effect and trajectory prediction is as high as 90%. Compared with traditional methods, the performance of the DCNN-LSTM model based on deep learning is improved by 23.17%. The implemented automatic detection system of table tennis tactical indicators can deal with the problems of table tennis tracking and rotation measurement. It can provide a theoretical foundation and practical value for related research in real-time dynamic detection of balls.
EZH2 inhibition decreases neuroblastoma proliferation and in vivo tumor growth
Authors: Bownes Laura V. , Williams Adele P. , Marayati Raoud , Stafman Laura L. , Markert Hooper , Quinn Colin H. , Wadhwani Nikita , Aye Jamie M. , Stewart Jerry E. , Yoon Karina J. , Mroczek-Musulman Elizabeth , Beierle Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2021

Investigation of the mechanisms responsible for aggressive neuroblastoma and its poor prognosis is critical to identify novel therapeutic targets and improve survival. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is known to play a key role in supporting the malignant phenotype in several cancer types and knockdown of EZH2 has been shown to decrease tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesized that the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK343, would affect cell proliferation and viability in human neuroblastoma. We utilized four long-term passage neuroblastoma cell lines and two patient-derived xenolines (PDX) to investigate the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, GSK343, on viability, motility, stemness and in vivo tumor growth. Immunoblotting confirmed target knockdown. Treatment with GSK343 led to significantly decreased neuroblastoma cell viability, migration and invasion, and stemness. GSK343 treatment of mice bearing SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma tumors resulted in a significant decrease in tumor growth compared to vehicle-treated animals. GSK343 decreased viability, and motility in long-term passage neuroblastoma cell lines and decreased stemness in neuroblastoma PDX cells. These data demonstrate that further investigation into the mechanisms responsible for the anti-tumor effects seen with EZH2 inhibitors in neuroblastoma cells is warranted.
Genetic characterisation of a subset of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from clinical and poultry sources in Ireland
Authors: Truccollo Brendha , Whyte Paul , Burgess Catherine , Bolton Declan
Published: March 2021

Campylobacter spp. is a significant and prevalent public health hazard globally. Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently recovered species from human cases and poultry are considered the most important reservoir for its transmission to humans. In this study, 30 Campylobacter jejuni isolates were selected from clinical (n = 15) and broiler (n = 15) sources from a larger cohort, based on source, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The objective of this study was to further characterise the genomes of these isolates including MLST types, population structure, pan-genome, as well as virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants. A total of 18 sequence types and 12 clonal complexes were identified. The most common clonal complex was ST-45, which was found in both clinical and broiler samples. We characterised the biological functions that were associated with the core and accessory genomes of the isolates in this study. No significant difference in the prevalence of virulence or antimicrobial resistance determinants was observed between clinical and broiler isolates, although genes associated with severe illness such as neuABC, wlaN and cstIII were only detected in clinical isolates. The ubiquity of virulence factors associated with motility, invasion and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) synthesis in both clinical and broiler C. jejuni genomes and genetic similarities between groups of broiler and clinical C. jejuni reaffirm that C. jejuni from poultry remains a significant threat to public health.
Factors related to daily use of the paretic upper limb in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke–A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Tashiro Syoichi , Kuroki Miho , Okuyama Kohei , Oshima Osamu , Ogura Miho , Hijikata Nanako , Nakamura Takuya , Oka Asako , Kawakami Michiyuki , Tsuji Tetsuya , Liu Meigen
Published: March 2021

Aims

The present study aimed to determine factors associated with the frequency of paralyzed upper extremity (UE) use in chronic stroke patients with severe UE functional deficiency.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 138 consecutive patients, and 117 was analyzed (median age, 55 [range, 18–85] years; median stroke duration, 24.5 [range, 7–302] months) with chronic hemiparetic stroke who were admitted to our hospital for intensive upper extremity rehabilitation. The mean Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) UE score was 28.6. All of them are independent in their activity of daily living (ADL) and without remarkable cognitive deficits. Amount-of-use score of Motor Activity Log-14 (MAL-AOU) was applied as the index of daily use of affected UE. The following parameters were examined as the explanatory variables: demographics, proximal and distal sub-scores of FMA UE, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and sensory function scores in the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS).

Results

The median MAL-AOU score was 0.57 [range, 0.28–0.80]. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that FMA proximal, FMA distal, and SIAS sensory function (touch) were associated with AOU score of MAL-14 (Pseudo R-square = 0.460).

Conclusion

Not only motor but also sensory function, especially tactile sensation, play a crucial role in the daily use of affected UE in chronic stroke patients with severe UE hemiparesis.
In vitro growth competition experiments that suggest consequences of the substandard artemisinin epidemic that may be accelerating drug resistance in P. falciparum malaria
Authors: Hassett Matthew R. , Roepe Paul D.
Published: March 2021

Over the past decade, artemisinin (ART)-combination therapies (ACTs) have shown declining efficacy within Southeast Asia (SEA). These resistance-like phenomena manifest as a delayed clearance phenotype (DCP) in some patients treated with ACTs. ACTs are currently the recommended treatment forP.falciparuminfections by the World Health Organization (WHO), and they are our last line of defense to effectively treat all strains of malaria. Acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is often theorized to be exacerbated by the use of subtherapeutic dosages of drugs (“substandard” drug), which for ACTs has been well documented over the last decade. Troublingly, in 2017, the WHO estimated that nearly 1 in 10 medical products tested in low- and middle-income countries failed to meet quality standards. We have developed a tissue culture-based approach for testing possible connections between substandard treatment and the spread of ACT resistant blood stage forms ofP.falciparum. Via sequencing ofpfk13, a molecular marker that is predictive for ART resistance (ARTR), we monitor competition of sensitive vs resistant strains over time and under various conditions and define conditions that favor emergence of ARTR parasites. Our findings help to define the conditions under which substandard drug treatments might favor the proliferation of mutant PfK13-mediated drug resistant strains over drug sensitive.
Design features and elemental/metal analysis of the atomizers in pod-style electronic cigarettes
Authors: Omaiye Esther E. , Williams Monique , Bozhilov Krassimir N. , Talbot Prue
Published: March 2021

Background

The atomizers of electronic cigarettes (ECs) contain metals that transfer to the aerosol upon heating and may present health hazards. This study analyzed 4th-generation EC pod atomizer design features and characterized their elemental/metal composition.

Methods

Eleven EC pods from six brands/manufacturers were purchased at local shops and online. Pods were dissected and imaged using a Canon EOS Rebel SL2 camera. Elemental analysis and mapping of atomizer components was done using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer.

Results

EC pods varied in size and design. The internal atomizer components were similar across brands except for variations occurring mainly in the wicks and filaments of some products. The filaments were either Elinvar (nickel, iron, and chromium) (36.4%), nichrome (36.4%), iron-chromium (18.2%), or nickel (9%). Thick wires present in 55% of the atomizers were mainly nickel and were joined to filaments by brazing. Wire-connector joints were Elinvar. Metal air tubes were made of Elinvar (50%), nickel, zinc, copper, and tin (37.5%), and nickel and copper (12.5%). Most of the wick components were silica, except for two pods (PHIX and Mico), which were mainly ceramic. Connectors contained gold-plated nickel, iron-chromium multiple alloys of nickel, zinc, gold, iron, and copper. Wick chambers were made of Elinvar. Outer casings were either nickel, copper-tin, or nickel-copper alloys. Magnets were nickel with minor iron, copper, and sulfur. Some frequently occurring elements were high in relative abundance in atomizer components.

Conclusions

The atomizers of pods are similar to previous generations, with the introduction of ceramic wicks and magnets in the newer generations. The elements in EC atomizers may transfer into aerosols and adversely affect health and accumulate in the environment.
Sampling efficiency of a protocol to measure Odonata diversity in tropical streams
Authors: Batista Joana Darc , Ferreira Victor Rennan Santos , Cabette Helena Soares Ramos , de Castro Lourivaldo Amancio , De Marco Paulo , Juen Leandro
Published: March 2021

Odonata can be sampled following different types of protocols. In Brazil, the most used protocol is the scanning in fixed areas method, where a 100-meter transect is delimited in one of the stream margins, subdivided into 20 segments measuring 5 meters. Despite being universally used, the methodological efficiency or limitations of this protocol for Odonata has never been tested. In this scenario, our objective was to assess the efficiency of the sampling protocol to measure the richness and composition of Odonata in three fundamental aspects: the time of sampling and sampling effort over time and space. We show that the best sampling efficiency was achieved in collections performed at noon, in transects measuring 100 meters, requiring at least two samplings in the same location, supporting the procedures traditionally adopted by many studies with the group. While comparing species composition, we did not see any implication between the different treatments on the capture of the local species pool. However, we highlight and discuss some possible methodological flaws when using this protocol to sample specific Odonata groups. We believe the results obtained are fundamental in the inventory of species and to conduct future studies, as well as to aid conservative measures that use the order Odonata as a tool for environmental monitoring.
Infection prevention and control compliance among exposed healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment centers in Ghana: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Ashinyo Mary Eyram , Dubik Stephen Dajaan , Duti Vida , Amegah Kingsley Ebenezer , Ashinyo Anthony , Asare Brian Adu , Ackon Angela Ama , Akoriyea Samuel Kaba , Kuma-Aboagye Patrick
Published: March 2021

Compliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols is critical in minimizing the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection among healthcare workers. However, data on IPC compliance among healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment centers are unknown in Ghana. This study aims to assess IPC compliance among healthcare workers in Ghana’s COVID-19 treatment centers. The study was a secondary analysis of data, which was initially collected to determine the level of risk of COVID-19 virus infection among healthcare workers in Ghana. Quantitative data were conveniently collected using the WHO COVID-19 risk assessment tool. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. We observed that IPC compliance during healthcare interactions was 88.4% for hand hygiene and 90.6% for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage; IPC compliance while performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), was 97.5% for hand hygiene and 97.5% for PPE usage. For hand hygiene during healthcare interactions, lower compliance was seen among nonclinical staff [OR (odds ratio): 0.43; 95% CI (Confidence interval): 0.21–0.89], and healthcare workers with secondary level qualification (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08–0.71). Midwives (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.93) and Pharmacists (OR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02–0.92) compliance with hand hygiene was significantly lower than registered nurses. For PPE usage during healthcare interactions, lower compliance was seen among healthcare workers who were separated/divorced/widowed (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.43), those with secondary level qualifications (OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01–0.43), non-clinical staff (OR 0.16 95% CI 0.07–0.35), cleaners (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05–0.52), pharmacists (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01–0.49) and among healthcare workers who reported of insufficiency of PPEs (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.14–0.77). Generally, healthcare workers’ infection prevention and control compliance were high, but this compliance differs across the different groups of health professionals in the treatment centers. Ensuring an adequate supply of IPC logistics coupled with behavior change interventions and paying particular attention to nonclinical staff is critical in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission in the treatment centers.
Lugares demorados: Construcción, orientación y experiencia del espacio poético
Authors: Perez Goiri Iker
Published: March 2021

El espacio poético se nos presenta como un lugar acotado y diferenciado mediante una acción constructiva de demarcación. En su naturaleza estética, traza y establece estructuralmente, en una operación plástica, el ámbito para la experiencia sensible de lo inefable e incognoscible. El espacio poético funda un mundo y se constituye como punto de orientación: circunscripción del universo y lugar donde acontece el fenómeno estético de la imagen. Mediación entre el sentido corporal y las regiones trascendentes del ser humano, entre lo no-manifestado y la manifestación. Experiencia integrada de realidad y vivencia en un mismo contorno: el mundo imaginal. Hablaremos, por lo tanto, de Lugares demorados, en los que adviene una presencia que rebasa el lenguaje, reclamando una escucha atenta y de absorción contemplativa. Lugares significativos de un presente en el que se demora y hace su morada la realidad de lo vital en el tiempo del suceder.
Las voces de la periferia: Arquitectura y acción colectiva; Un ejemplo de caso
Authors: Salguero González Pedro José , Torres Jurado Juan Jesús
Published: March 2021

Durante los momentos más difíciles de la pandemia de Covid-19 se establecieron diversas comparaciones entre esta crisis y el desastre financiero de 2008. Aquel año, un grupo de estudiantes de Bellas Artes desarrollaron un proyecto participativo y activista, donde la arquitectura, entendida como una posibilidad de habitar y cuidar, fue el impulso emancipador y posibilitante para un nuevo tipo de intervención política y social, producto de la necesidad de tomar parte en los discursos desplazados consecuentes de un momento de ebullición política. Desde entonces, LaFábrika detodalavida, el proyecto resultante de la ocupación y rehabilitación de una cementera abandonada en Los Santos de Maimona (Badajoz), mantiene una relación entre arquitectura y activación social a través del desarrollo de prácticas culturales de marcadas connotaciones políticas. En esta visión retrospectiva, trataremos de acercarnos a las necesidades de este tipo de proyectos y sus dificultades para la activación de eventos y el cuidado de sus relaciones sociales y profesionales.
Research and creations between art-architecture to enhance the urban heritage through an educational process
Authors: De Nicola Alessandra , Garcia Sottile Maria Eugenia , Gómez Lozano Sebastián
Published: March 2021

Investigaciones y creaciones compartidas entre arte-arquitectura para mejorar el patrimonio cultural urbano a través de un proceso educativoEn esta contribución se describe un proyecto de investigación-acción, cuyo resultado fue la producción industrial de un kit (500 piezas) de interpretación del patrimonio cultural basado en la contaminación de diferentes disciplinas. El objeto de la investigación fueron los métodos de mediación e interpretación del patrimonio para activar un proceso de co-construcción con todas las partes involucradas. Los nuevos conocimientos obtenidos se convirtieron en el contenido del kit, para lograrlo fue necesario activar la colaboración entre las disciplinas, los investigadores y los profesionales. A partir del cambio de paradigma de fruición del patrimonio que normalmente ve al objeto cultural como protagonista y a la comunidad como receptora, se mostrará que el diálogo interdisciplinar ha creado un círculo virtuoso entre la comunidad, el patrimonio y los nuevos receptores de esta acción. En particular, mostrará cómo ha habido un intercambio provechoso entre la educación corporal (expresión corporal), sonora, visual y la educación al patrimonio cultural y de los valores arquitectónicos y urbanísticos del Renacimiento.
Crítica al proyecto simbólico: La función metafísica del arte y la arquitectura
Authors: Varela Froján Emilio
Published: March 2021

Es sabido que las obras debidas al pensamiento simbólico nos han dado siempre como resultado los mitos y las máscaras. Al idealizar y figurar, al imaginar y representar las cosas y los seres del mundo como símbolos, se inventaron los ritos y los dioses necesarios y se formularon las distintas religiones, como protecciones frente al hecho irremediable de la muerte. Además, se crearon unas arquitecturas, lugares entre las máscaras y los paisajes, cargadas lo mismo de símbolos, e imprescindibles, también, como formas para las expresiones del poder. Un pensamiento, el simbólico, y una luz, la imaginación, que hemos impuesto a la Naturaleza; paisajes y lenguajes fabricados y figurados de lo natural, que nos obligan a una interpretación y a una figuración ajenas al objeto, de errónea naturaleza subjetiva.
El perfil del cazador/a social en la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura
Authors: Martín Delgado Luz María , Rengifo-Gallego Juan Ignacio , Sánchez-Martín José-Manuel
Published: March 2021

La actividad cinegética presenta un notable arraigo social, cultural, histórico, territorial y económico en la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura. En esta región destaca la existencia de dos modelos de caza: la social y la económica. Desde la asunción de competencias en materia de caza en 1983 por parte del gobierno autonómico ha tratado de darse la misma importancia territorial a ambos modelos cinegéticos. Este escenario ha desembocado en que, en la actualidad, los terrenos acotados dedicados a la práctica social abarquen aproximadamente la mitad de la superficie cinegética bajo la consideración de coto. La presencia de la caza en Extremadura ha llevado a la creación de un buen número de trabajos científicos que se decantan por esta temática. A pesar de ello, una escasa parte de estos trabajos abordan la caza social. De esta manera, la mayor parte de ellos se inclinan por otras líneas de investigación (económica, ambiental, etc.). Ante esta carencia de estudios el siguiente trabajo se expone como novedoso al analizar una de las partes más importantes de la caza social, sus practicantes, determinando su perfil, así como la situación de esta modalidad cinegética. Para conseguir mencionados objetivos se ha empleado como fuente de información principal una encuesta difundida entre cazadores extremeños a través de la asistencia a diferentes eventos cinegéticos (jornadas, ferias, etc.). Estos datos han sido tratados, posteriormente, mediante técnicas estadísticas que han permitido obtener una información relevante.
Zalai Ernő, a kutató emlékére = In Memory of Professor Ernő Zalai
Authors: Révész Tamás
Published: March 2021

Bár napra pontosan egyharmad évszázadon keresztül voltam Zalai Ernő közvetlen munkatársa, és így megtisztelő kötelességemnek éreztem az egyetemi kutatói életművét összefoglaló emlékcikk megírásának elvállalását, csakhamar rá kellett döbbennem, hogy a vele töltött 33 év alig több mint a fele az ő 60 éves egyetemi pályafutásának, így e rendkívül tartalmas pályafutás nagy részéről nem tudok hitelesen és részletesen számot adni. Mint közismert, Ernő a Magyar Tudományos Akadémián (MTA) is sokféle pozícióban igyekezett a magyar közgazdaság-tudomány színvonalát, nemzetközi elismertségét javítani, és az elért eredményeket megvédeni. E tudományszervező, minőségbiztosító, utánpótlásképző, mecenatúra stb. szerepét - például az MTA doktori és egyéb kutatói értékelési, pályázati eljárásai elősegítésére végzett és az ő segítségével is létrehozott Magyar Tudományos Művek Tára (MTMT) megfelelő használatát elősegíteni hivatott, az egyoldalúság és mennyiségi szemlélet, valamint a manipulációs lehetőségek veszélyeire is felhívó tudománymetriai kutatói munkásságát - az akadémiai munkatársai tudják megfelelően összefoglalni és méltatni [Csaba–Szentes–Zalai, 2014]. A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetemen és jogelődjein vállalt sokféle vezetői, szakmai testületi szerepéről is sok régi kolléga tudna, és bizonyára fog is különböző formákban megemlékezni. Jelen írásomban „csak” az egyetemi kutatásainak utolsó 30 évéről szeretnék részletesebb ismertetést, illetve értékelést adni, bár ez a „csak” is olyan gazdag, sokrétű tevékenységet fed, amiről remélem még sokan és sokáig fognak a szakirodalomban értekezni.
Az Európai Központi Bank szerepének átalakulása az európai válságkezelés során = The Changing Role of the European Central Bank during the European Crisis in 2008
Authors: Végh Marcell Zoltán , Pelle Anita
Published: March 2021

Az elhúzódó európai válság során az Európai Központi Bank (EKB) szerepe is átalakult. Egyrészt válság idején, inflációs nyomás helyett deflációs veszéllyel szembesülve, a stabilitás biztosítása mást implikál, mint szokványos időkben. Másrészt tartósan nulla százalék körüli kamat mellett az eszköztárnak kevésbé bevált további elemeit kell bevetni. Az EKB esetében 2010. májusban indult új korszak az első eszközvásárlási programmal, amelyet több hasonló követett. A jegybank mérlege néhány év alatt több mint kétszeresére duzzadt, a legdinamikusabban bővülő tétel eszközoldalon az euróövezetbeli értékpapírok kategóriája lett. Mindeközben az EKB-nak a kiépülő bankunióban is központi szerep jutott. A bankfelügyelet élesítésére 2017 nyarán került sor, az eszközvásárlási programot pedig 2018 végéig vezették ki. Az EKB tehát új és jelentős feladatokat vállalt az európai válságkezelésben, alapvetően sikerrel. In the course of the prolonged European crisis, the role of the European Central Bank (ECB) has also changed. Firstly, in times of crisis, facing risks of deflation instead of inflationary pressure, ensuring stability implies other methods than in usual times. Secondly, with long-lastingly around-zero per cent interest rates, further, less used monetary policy tools are needed. In case of the ECB a new era started in May 2010, with the first asset purchase programme, which was then followed by several similar ones. The central bank’s balance sheet more than doubled in a few years’ time; the most dynamically growing item on the asset side was the category of Eurozone securities. In the meanwhile the ECB was assigned a central role in the newly developed banking union as well. Supervision was put in place in summer 2017 and the asset purchase programme was phased out by the end of 2018. Overall, the ECB undertook new and significant roles in European crisis management – fundamentally with success.
LOW COST FARM HOUSE USING STRAW BALE
Authors: TAIYEB MD WAQUAR , HUSAIN MIRZA SHAHAB
Published: March 2021

The price of the material is growing with the faster rate in developing country. The development material plays a vital role in the infrastructural design of the nation. Now a days a lot of activity is going on the development material to reduce the cost of the development. Among the various majority of material comes from the agriculture. And these material losses as a waste heap which leads to the breathing and number of other lungs problem. So in this journal paper straw is being utilize as alternative material.
La ficción y sus límites. Dos textos dramáticos sobre la rebelión tzeltal de 1712
Authors: González Roblero Vladimir
Published: March 2021

En el año 1712 ocurrió una de las rebeliones indígenas en la historia de Chiapas, en ese entonces provincia de la Capitanía General de Guatemala y actualmente estado del sur de México. Se trató del levantamiento de los indios tzeltales. Al respectose han escrito crónicas, obras de teatro, novelas, además de artículos y libros historiográficos. Este ensayo analiza dos textos dramáticos y se pregunta sobre las representaciones del acontecimiento y su relación con los discursos historiográficos,con la finalidad de situar la frontera entre el arte y la ciencia como lugar de enunciación de dichas representaciones. Para tal fin, se recurre a la hermenéutica analógica, lo que permite la comparación de obras artísticas, en este caso literarias, conla historiografía. De este modo, entendemos que algunas obras reproducen los discursos historiográficos sin olvidar su naturaleza ficticia; mientras que otras ponderan la ficción sin olvidar sus articulaciones con lo real.
Movimiento auténtico, una aproximación visual en tiempo de confinamiento
Authors: Jerez Juana Valentina
Published: March 2021

Este ensayo visual presenta la serie Paz sin dueño, en la que conjuntamente con la artista de la danza Carol López, se penetra en una serie de premisas a medida que la bailarina logra plasmar en sus movimientos memorias de su día a día, y las sensaciones que emanan de la experiencia de confinamiento, además de los momentos relacionados con sus hábitos y transcurrir por la ciudad. Esta es una serie fotográfica que rescata visualmente parte del proceso del movimiento auténtico, corre el velo de lo corpóreo y profundiza en el proceso de presentar físicamente el diseño en movimiento.
Dwarfism in ancient times: from worship to rejection
Authors: Grzesiak Hanna
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to outline some aspects of dwarfism in the Antiquity. The author focuses in particular on Ancient Egypt where one of the most prominent of gods – Bes – suffered from dwarfism. It was believed that little people were somehow connected to other Egyptians gods, which is why they were treated with respect and dignity. Different attitude towards little people can be seen in AncientIsrael where they were excluded from the society, as disability at the time was considered as a punishment from God. The paper also covers Ancient Greece. Aristotle was the first scholar to describe dwarfism. He noted in particular the intelligence of the little people, which according to him was not developed particularly well, compared to the rest of the society.
Telerehabilitation in speech-language therapy as exemplified by aphasic patients. A research review
Authors: Manicki Krystian
Published: March 2021

The present paper discusses application of telerehabilitation services in speech therapy management in aphasic adults. The author presents theoretical issues related to the specifics of therapeutic effects of at a distance approach and indicates its recipients, focusing on neurological patients with language difficulties. Further on, the author reviews the selected studies on telerehabilitation used in diagnoses and therapies of aphasic speech disorders.
Fear of hypoglycaemia in paediatric diabetes: a literature review
Authors: Fernando Abiramy , Patel Vinod
Published: March 2021

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic childhood illnesses and, despite ongoing technological advances, hypoglycaemia remains an inevitable therapeutic risk. Hypoglycaemia results in unpleasant physiological outcomes, social embarrassment and – in extremis – life-threatening consequences. Overlying this inescapable clinical risk is a fear of this risk, ranging from fleeting to overwhelming, and substantially impacting the trajectory of diabetes.Aim: The aim of this literature review is to identify, summarise and critically appraise works pertaining to the development, impact and management of paediatric fear of hypoglycaemia (FoH).Methods: A search was conducted on Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for studies published between 2000 and 2020, with cross-referencing searches for articles not detected in the original keyword search. Study quality was assessed using recognised tools, and relevant data were extracted systematically.Results: Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. FoH was a moderate problem throughout the studies, increased by a history of hypoglycaemia and predisposition to psychological stress. There was conflicting evidence on the influence of age, diabetes duration, technology and parental demographics. Some studies showed a significant impact on glycaemic control and quality of life (QoL), more consistently for the latter. Only 13 intervention trials were included, showing mixed success with cutting-edge technology, and decent gains with psychological interventions.Conclusions: FoH is clearly a ubiquitous issue among some families with type 1 diabetes. Prospective longitudinal studies are required to assess potential risk factors at diagnosis, monitor for the development of FoH at regular intervals, and enable a more comprehensive assessment of the long-term impact on glycaemic control and QoL. Further randomised controlled trials must demonstrate the value of technological and psychological therapies in order to make such interventions commonplace offerings for families suffering from intractable fear.
Enantiosemia leksemów дружить i дружба
Authors: Miturska-Bojanowska Jolanta
Published: March 2021

The phenomenon of enantiosemy is characteristic of many natural languages. Some of the polarized meanings of polisemous lexemes are registered in lexicographical studies (enantiosemy inherent), the part present in the usus, is not recorded in dictionaries (adherent enantiosemy). In Russian, the latter group is represented by antonymic semantems of the words дружить and дружба.
Design and synthesis of new benzofuran-1,2,3-triazole hybrid preservatives and the evaluation of their antifungal potential against white and brown-rot fungi
Authors: Abedinifar Fahimeh , Farnia S. Morteza F. , Hosseinihashemi Seyyed Khalil , Jalaligoldeh Abbas , Arabahmadi Shahrbanoo , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: March 2021

A series of novel benzofuran-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were synthesized and investigated as fungicidal preservatives. The compounds were evaluated for their antifungal potential against white-rot (Trametes versicolor), dry brown-rot (Poria placenta), and wet brown-rot (Coniophora puteana and Gloeophyllum trabeum) fungi, at different concentrations (500 ppm and 1000 ppm). The tests of the final products (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, and 8g) demonstrated that compound N-((1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide (8f) at a concentration of 500 ppm was the most active against wet brown-rot C. puteana (23.86% inhibition) and G. trabeum (47.16% inhibition) fungi. However, testing demonstrated that compounds 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, and 8g at a concentration of 500 ppm did not exhibit acceptable antifungal effects against white-rot T. versicolor and dry brown-rot P. placenta fungi.
Transcatheter Artery Embolization for Postoperative Haemorrhage after Arterio-Venous Malformation – Safer Option
Authors: Subrat Panda , Nalini Sharma , Aisha Khan Dina , Anusmita Saha , Rituparna Das , Pranjal Phukan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Hemorrhage is one of the commonest and dreaded complications especially with pelvic surgeries. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasias (GTN) are notorious for their propensity to bleed torrentially and metastasis to vital organs. GTN is associated with an arterio-venous malformation (AVM) about 10-15% of the time, which can lead to bleeding after surgery or after complete remission. After the failure of conventional management with chemotherapy or surgery one is compelled to take another modality of management. One of such methods is the use of transcatheter artery embolization in cases of GTN or post-hysterectomy cases of GTN. Transcatheter artery embolization (TAE) was effective in controlling bleeding due to arterio-venous malformation in 96% of cases.Case: 46 years P2L2A5 (para 2, living issue 2, abortion 5) post-hysterectomy patient presented with bleeding from the vagina after surgery. Twice she underwent vaginal vault repair after hysterectomy but failed. Ultrasonography (USG) showed arterio-venous malformation (AVM); angiography revealed massive extravasation from (left internal iliac artery and abnormal vascularity from the right internal iliac. She was taken up for bilateral internal iliac arteries embolization but again had a heavy bout of bleeding after one week. CT scan confirmed a residual lesion and she underwent a repeat embolization after which the bleeding stopped. Serum BHCG was advised during workup and it was 1997 IU/ml. A diagnosis of GTN was confirmed. The patient was discharged after two cycles of chemotherapy with advice to review for the third one on an outpatient department basis.Conclusion: We concluded that TAE is an effective and safer alternative to surgery in postoperative bleeding from AV malformation in the case of GTN. It can be repeated and should be made to more liberal use in emergency settings.
Review of New Clinical Aspects of Cardiac Pathology in Patients with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Alonderytė Audrė , Navickas Giedrius , Samalavičius Robertas Stasys , Šerpytis Pranas
Published: March 2021

Background: COVID-19 disease is a huge burden for society and healthcare specialists. As more information is gathered about this new disease, it becomes clear that it affects not only respiratory, but also cardiovascular system.Materials and Methods: The aim of this review is to analyse the information about myocardial injury caused by COVID-19 and overview treatment options for these patients in publications which were published in the last 5 years. The data for this overview were collected in the PubMed database. Full-text articles were used for analysis when their title, summary, or keywords matched the purpose of the review. Only publications published in English that appeared in the last 5 years were analysed. For the analysis 14 publications were selected and analysed.Conclusion: COVID-19 infection could mimic ST-elevation myocardial infarction and it is crucial to differentiate the main cause and choose the appropriate treatment. Cardiovascular complications are related with poorer prognosis and higher mortality. This should be thoroughly considered by the healthcare specialists in order to choose appropriate treatment strategy. Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) due to plaque rupture should receive dual antiplatelet therapy and full-dose anticoagulation if it is not contraindicated. Therefore, priority should be given to the acute coronary syndrome given the low evidence of new antiviral treatment effectiveness. Number of agents which are under investigation for COVID-19 may have interactions with oral antiplatelet drugs. Selected patients could receive immunosuppressive treatment as well as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to recovery.
Influence of the model environment on the structure and properties of composite materials with doxorubicin based on polyurethanes with isocyanurate fragments
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shosse, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Kozlova G.A. , Rozhnova R.A. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shosse, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Nechaeva L.Yu. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shosse, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Galatenko N.A. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shosse, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine, Primushko S.O. ,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, 48, Kharkivske shosse, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The influence of the BM 199 model environment on the structure and properties of composite materials with Doxorubicin based on polyurethanes (PU) with isocyanurate branching nodes, in which the content of 2,4,6-triisocyanate(trishexamethylene)isocyanurate (HDT-90) was 0.25.0 , 5, 0.75 mol, and the content of the drug Doxorubicin is 0.5% wt. It was found that the obtained materials exhibit the ability to biodegradation in vitro. In a study by IR spectroscopy of changes in the structure of polyurethane composites with Doxorubicin under the influence of BM 199, it was found that, in the series of polyurethanes, with an increase in the residence time in the model environment, a decrease in the number of weakly bound (νNH 3516 cm-1) and strongly bound bonds of NH groups ( νNH 3515 cm-1), which can occur both due to the biodegradation of the polymer base, and as a result of the release of Doxorubicin. For all the samples under study, during their stay in the biological medium, there is a decrease in the strength at break by 1.5-1.9 times and an increase in the relative elongation by 1.1-1.4 times. According to the data of physical-mechanical tests for all studied materials, the process of biodegradation in vitro is accompanied by an increase in elasticity during the entire study period. According to the results of the study of the dynamics release of Doxorubicin, it was found that from polyurethane composites with isocyanurate branching nodes containing 0.75 mol of HDT-90 in the structure, Doxorubicin is released within 21 days in an amount of 17.6%, which is 4 times more than for samples compositions with 0.5 mole of HDT-90, from which 4.4% of Doxorubicin is released, which may be related to the packing density of the macrochain of the polymer base. Composite materials based on polyurethanes with izocyanurate fragments and Doxorubicin can be proponated for medical and biological tests as material for stem implantation of tissue with prolong medicinal action.
Pensar el territorio desde los estudios organizacionales: conversaciones para el análisis organizacional en la dimensión espacial
Authors: López Figueroa José Carlos
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta una serie de conversaciones entre territorio y estudios organizacionales latinoamericanos a partir de cuatro paradigmas: los sistemas complejos, el poder, la cultura y la gobernanza. Además, propone un nuevo significado para el territorio: se concibe como un campo organizacional desde el ámbito de los estudios organizacionales. Reflexionar de esta forma el territorio no solo permite encontrar nuevas alternativas para comprenderlo, explicarlo o analizarlo, sino también posibilitará avanzar en el estudio de las organizaciones al incorporar la dimensión territorial. En este abordaje, existe como premisa fundamental entender que en la dimensión espacial hay presencia de organizaciones, aspecto que le otorga un carácter organizacional. Se termina con algunas interrogantes que pudieran avanzar en la construcción de la agenda de investigación organizacional que enriquecería las conversaciones con los estudios organizacionales en Latinoamérica.
La quinta dimensión del poder: analítica de la gubernamentalidad en los Estudios organizacionales- Caso municipio de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Ocampo-Salazar Carmen Alejandra , Cardona Juan David
Published: March 2021

En este documento se propone una quinta dimensión de poder, a partir de una analítica de la gubernamentalidad en los estudios organizacionales. Para ello, se revisa la literatura y se relaciona un estudio de caso cualitativo focalizado en cuatro programas gubernamentales de la organización Municipio de Medellín: Medellín Solidaria, Planeación Local y Presupuesto Participativo, Medellín a la U y Banco de los pobres/Oportunidades. Los datos del caso se recolectaron a partir de documentos institucionales y entrevistas con los gestores de estos programas y algunos de sus usuarios. Para analizar esta información se utilizó el método de análisis crítico del discurso en una perspectiva foucaultiana. En los resultados se evidencian prácticas de gobierno neoliberal en el ente municipal, la analítica del poder gobierno en los programas objeto de estudio y la construcción de diversas subjetividades. En este sentido, este trabajo no solo busca proponer un elemento teórico, sino que presenta su analítica a partir de un caso empírico, en aras de contribuir a la discusión sobre las dimensiones del poder.
Reseña de Gonzales-Miranda, D., & Ramírez-Martínez, G. (Eds.). (2019). Tratado de estudios organizacionales. Vol. 2: Exploración de las temáticas. Medellín: UAM, REMINEO, REOC, Editorial Universidad EAFIT, SAGE.
Authors: Gallo Óscar
Published: March 2021

Reseñar en 1.500 palabras un tratado de 330.895 palabras, 1.226 páginas y 28 capítulos es una tarea difícil, especialmentecuando este volumen recoge aportes sobre temas tan diversos como liderazgo, toma de decisiones, neoinstitucionalismo, diversidad, ergonomía de la identidad, comunicación organizacional, estructuración, diseño organizacional, innovación,ambientalismo corporativo, neoambientalismo, globalización, gerencia de las emociones, estética organizacional, cultura organizacional, poder, colaboración e institucionalización de redes organizacionales.
Reseña de Cruz, F. (Comp.). (2005). Nuevo Pensamiento Administrativo. Colección Nuevo Pensamiento Administrativo. Cali: Universidad del Valle.
Authors: Rodríguez Chacón María Victoria
Published: March 2021

La preocupación por el estudio de las organizaciones ha estado presente en la comunidad académica colombianahace más de dos décadas. Las discusiones sobre estudios organizacionales (EO) ha tomado fuerza, pues hoy, con mayor hincapié, se vislumbra la desigualdad de las perspectivas que estudian las relaciones de poder, la violencia de los tratos humanos en la organización, la jerarquía irreflexiva que destruye las relaciones de trabajo y reconocimiento, el desgaste mental, las situaciones de acoso organizacional, los discursos que demarcan las acciones de los sujetos puestos en escena, etc.; en últimas, estos temas se conjugan y se amplían desde la discusión de lo ético y lo político.
WELLBYs, cost-benefit analyses and the Easterlin Discount
Authors: Frijters Paul
Published: March 2021

The current practise of cost-benefit analysis inWestern countries consists of a collection of various incompatible ideas and methodologies to obtain replicable numbers for the costs and benefits of major public spending plans. This paper describes the main elements of the dominant methodology, which combines consumer and producer surplus, price-taking, government-inputs-as-outputs, hedonic pricing of externalities, and the issue-specific use of partial or general equilibrium thinking. The paper then discusses how that methodology can be augmented and partially replaced by looking at how prospective policies would change the total number of WELLBYs (life satisfaction-adjusted years of life) of the population. The ability of the WELLBY methodology to address complex externalities is illustrated by the Easterlin Discount, which is a proposed reduction factor of 75% on all estimates of private consumption benefits to offset the envy caused in others.