bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La3NSe3 and La3PSe3: Two Isostoichiometric, but not Isostructural Lanthanum‐Selenide Derivatives
Authors: Djendjur Patrik , Tutsch Philipp Raphael , Schleid Thomas
Published: June 2022

The two non‐isostructural lanthanum pnictogenide selenides La3NSe3 and La3PSe3 are formed by oxidizing lanthanum metal with sodium azide (NaN3) in the presence of selenium and an excess of iodine for eight days at 850 °C and by reacting the two binary compounds lanthanum sesquiselenide (La2Se3) and lanthanum monophosphide (LaP) for four days at 900 °C in torch‐sealed glassy silica ampoules. La3NSe3 crystallizes with the well‐known Sm3NS3‐type structure in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with the lattice parameters a=1278.56(8) pm, b=424.18(3) pm, c=1358.73(9) pm, while La3PSe3 adopts the cubic Th3P4‐type structure in the space group
with the lattice parameter a=901.42(6) pm, both for Z=4. It features one crystallographically distinct cationic La3+ site and a mixed anionic site with both P3− and Se2− anions sharing the same crystallographic position in its crystal structure. In contrast, the crystal structure of La3NSe3 is comprised of three different La3+ cations with one N3− and three distinct Se2− anions. The key structural elements are N3− centered (La3+)4 tetrahedra connected via vertices to form one‐dimensionally infinite chains
(t=terminal, v=vertex‐sharing). The comparatively large La3+ cation adopts coordination numbers of six (1×) and seven (2×) in La3NSe3, whereas in La3PSe3, the coordination number of the single cation site is eight.
Dynamic analysis to the fractional order thermoelastic problem of porous structure
Authors: Liu Peng , He Tianhu
Published: June 2022

Porous materials have been extensively applied in many areas such as aerospace, electronic communication, petrochemical, bio‐medicine, and so forth, especially, under some extreme heating conditions, study on the coupling problem of deformation field and temperature field in porous media is of great significance to the application and optimal design of the material. On account of this, in the present paper, according to the Lord and Shulman's generalized thermoelastic theory and Ezzat's fractional order theory, the dynamic response of an infinite porous thermoelastic material with a spherical cavity and subjected to a ramp‐type heating is studied. The governing equations of the corresponding problem are formulated and then solved by means of Laplace transform and its numerical inversion. The distributions of the nondimensional temperature, displacement, stress, and volume fraction in the porous structure are obtained and illustrated graphically. In simulation, the effects of the time, the thermal lag factor, and the fractional‐order factor on all the considered variables are examined and discussed in detail.
Concluding Remarks: Tontine Thinking
Authors: Milevsky Moshe
Published: June 2022

This concluding chapter of the book How to Build a Modern Tontine reviews the main rationale and objectives, provides a summary of the modern tontine mechanics and discusses some of the constraints imposed by its unique regulatory structure.
Zeitstrukturen des Alterns: Altershandeln zwischen alltäglichem Zeitreichtum und biographischer Zeitarmut
Authors: Lessenich Stephan
Published: June 2022

Im Zentrum des Forschungsinteresses der qualitativen Teilstudie von Altern als Zukunft stand das Zeithandeln älterer Menschen als spezifische Dimension des Altershandelns. Ausgangspunkt unserer Untersuchungen war die Frage, in welchem Zusammenhang alltäglicher Zeitreichtum und biographische Zeitarmut im Alter stehen, oder genauer: Ob ältere, nicht mehr erwerbstätige Menschen ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen zunehmender ‚freier‘ Zeit im Alltag und abnehmender Restlebenszeit wahrnehmen und wie sie gegebenenfalls mit dieser Spannung umgehen, welche Zeitgestaltungspraktiken sie also im höheren und höchsten Alter an den Tag legen.
Correction to: Financing for a Resilient Health System in India: Lessons from the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Gupta Indrani
Published: June 2022

Correction to: Chapter 13 in: S. Pachauri and A. Pachauri (eds.), Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_13
Building blocks of Cwebs in multiparton scattering amplitudes
Authors: Agarwal Neelima , Pal Sourav , Srivastav Aditya , Tripathi Anurag
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The correlators of Wilson-line operators in non-abelian gauge theories are known to exponentiate, and their logarithms can be organised in terms of the collections of Feynman diagrams called Cwebs. The colour factors that appear in the logarithm correspond to completely connected diagrams and are determined by the web mixing matrices. In this article we introduce several new concepts: (a) Normal ordering of the diagrams of a Cweb, (b) Fused-Webs (c) Basis and Family of Cwebs. We use these ideas together with a Uniqueness theorem that we prove to arrive at an understanding of the diagonal blocks, and several null matrices that appear in the mixing matrices. We demonstrate using our formalism that, once the basis Cwebs present upto order $$ {\alpha}_s^n $$

α
s
n

are determined, the number of exponentiated colour factors for several classes of Cwebs starting at order $$ {\alpha}_s^{n+1} $$

α
s

n
+
1

can be predicted. We further provide complete results for the mixing matrices, to all orders in perturbation theory, for two special classes of Cwebs using our framework.
The influence of schooling on performance in chess and at the Olympics
Authors: Forrest David , Tena J. D. , Varela-Quintana Carlos
Published: June 2022

At the macro-level, it is hard to test the hypothesis that increased schooling in a country will raise labour productivity but sectoral analyses may be tractable. In sports, output is homogenous in that countries’ achievements are measurable in the same way. We examine country performances at the Chess Olympiad and the Olympic Games, contrasting tournaments where players in the first use only their minds but most in the second supply substantial physical effort or work with costly physical capital. Modelling success in either leads to a set of results familiar from sports literature: country performance depends on economic resources, represented by population size and per capita income. Supplementary variables capture over-performance by communist/ former communist countries. We then introduce a measure of average years of schooling. This significantly reduces the role of income, especially in chess. It also takes power away from the ‘communist’ variables, especially at the Olympics. These results suggest that much of any effect from income is mediated through schooling: investment in education is associated with elevated productivity. Increased productivity is observed in both settings, one a knowledge-intensive sub-sector and the other dependent to a significant extent on either raw physical strength or expensive capital input.
Robust Portfolio Optimization with Respect to Spectral Risk Measures Under Correlation Uncertainty
Authors: Tsang Man Yiu , Sit Tony , Wong Hoi Ying
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a distributionally robust multi-period portfolio model with ambiguity on asset correlations with fixed individual asset return mean and variance. The correlation matrix bounds can be quantified via corresponding confidence intervals based on historical data. We employ a general class of coherent risk measures namely the spectral risk measure, which includes the popular measure conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) as a particular case, as our objective function. Specific choices of spectral risk measure permit flexibility for capturing risk preferences of different investors. A semi-analytical solution is derived for our model. The prominent stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) algorithm adapted with intricate modifications is developed as a numerical method under the discrete distribution setting. In particular, our new formulation accounts for the unknown worst-case distribution in each iteration. We verify the convergence property of this algorithm under the setting of finite scenarios. Our results show that the optimal solution favours a certain degree of anti-diversification due to dependence ambiguity and exhibits its protection ability during the financial crisis period.
A Pilot Study Investigating Faecal Microbiota After Two Dietary Interventions in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Berntson Lillemor , Öman Anders , Engstrand Lars , Dicksved Johan
Published: June 2022

There is evidence for an impact of the gut microbiota on the immune system, which has consequences for inflammatory diseases. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) have been demonstrated as effective anti-inflammatory treatments for children with Crohn’s disease. We have previously shown an anti-inflammatory effect from these nutritional treatments in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to investigate if improved clinical symptoms after EEN or SCD treatment in children with JIA could be linked to changes in faecal microbiota. We included sixteen patients with JIA (age 7–17 years), six for treatment with EEN and ten with SCD. EEN was given for 3–5 weeks and SCD for 4–5 weeks, with clinical and laboratory status assessed before and after treatment. Faecal samples were analysed for microbiota diversity and composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analyses of the faecal microbiota showed an effect on the overall composition with both interventions; the most striking result was a decreased relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium from EEN and of Bifidobacterium from SCD. The α-diversity decreased significantly from SCD (P = 0.04), but not from EEN (P = 0.22). Despite the study cohorts being small, both EEN and SCD were shown to impact the faecal microbiota. Future larger studies with a focus on metagenomics or metabolomics could possibly reveal a link and clarify the clinical effects of those nutritional regimens.
The formation of three-grain junctions during solidification. Part II: theory
Authors: Fowler A. C. , Holness Marian B.
Published: June 2022

We provide a simple geometric theory of crystal growth which predicts the shape and final dihedral angle of three-grain junctions of an augite crystal with two plagioclase grains. The predicted dihedral angle $$\Delta $$
Δ
depends on the initial impingement angle $$\psi $$
ψ
formed by the plagioclase grains, and also on the relative growth rates of the augite and the plagioclase, and shows reasonable agreement with data obtained from natural samples. We show that the two augite-plagioclase grain boundaries will normally curve towards each other, which is consistent with the first two types of junction described in the companion paper. However, the third type, the eagle’s beak, is formed by the meeting of grain boundaries which curve in the same direction. Although it is possible to account for this type of junction by invoking the localised dissolution of one of the plagioclase grains, this is unlikely to occur. A more plausible explanation involves the late impingement of the two plagioclase grains, consistent with the observation that eagles’ beaks are common in gabbros and strongly orthocumulate troctolites, in which the plagioclase framework has not been established by the time augite is growing in substantial quantities. An observed flattening of the curve of $$\Delta $$
Δ
values at high values of $$\psi $$
ψ
can be explained by taking into account the importance of interfacial energy in late-stage crystallisation.
Sanctions and the Exchange Rate
Authors: Itskhoki Oleg , Mukhin Dmitry
Published: June 2022

Stabilising the exchange rate allows the Russian government to anchor inflation expectations and support consumption but comes at the cost of the financial repression of domestic savers.
The Fog of War: Russia’s War on Ukraine, European Defence Spending and Military Capabilities
Authors: Fiott Daniel
Published: June 2022

Some … may look at the depleted nature of Russia’s military after its invasion of Ukraine and incorrectly surmise that defence spending increases are not that necessary after all.
First-line pembrolizumab + chemotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced/metastatic esophageal cancer from KEYNOTE-590
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Hara Hiroki , Tsuji Akihito , Yasui Hisateru , Muro Kei , Satoh Taroh , Ogata Takashi , Ishihara Ryu , Goto Masahiro , Baba Hideo , Nishina Tomohiro , Han Shirong , Sakata Tomoko , Yatsuzuka Naoyoshi , Doi Toshihiko , Kato Ken
Published: June 2022

Background

The phase 3 KEYNOTE-590 (NCT03189719) study showed first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival versus placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus or advanced/metastatic Siewert type I adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. We describe a subgroup analysis of Japanese patients from KEYNOTE-590.

Methods

Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks or placebo plus chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 and 5-fluorouracil 800 mg/m2/day). Efficacy was evaluated in all Japanese patients and those with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and programmed death ligand 1 combined positive score ≥ 10. Dual primary endpoints were overall survival and progression-free survival per RECIST v1.1 by investigator. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 by investigator and safety and tolerability.

Results

At data cutoff (July 2, 2020), 141 Japanese patients were randomly assigned (pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy, 74; placebo plus chemotherapy, 67). In all Japanese patients, median overall survival was 17.6 months with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus 11.7 months with chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.09), median progression-free survival was 6.3 versus 6.0 months (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.84), and objective response rate was 56.8% versus 38.8%. Grade 3–5 treatment-related adverse events were 74.3% and 61.2%.

Conclusion

First-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival compared with placebo plus chemotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced/metastatic esophageal cancer; safety was comparable between treatment groups.

Clinical trial registry

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03189719.
Structural diversity in transition metal-doped titanium oxo-alkoxy complexes: Potential sol-gel intermediates for doped titania nanoparticles and complex titanates
Authors: Svensson Fredric G.
Published: June 2022

Since the discovery of its photocatalytic properties, titanium dioxide has remained one of the most popular and widely used metal oxide photocatalysts. Its major drawback, however, lies in the narrow region (UV) of sunlight necessary to produce reactive oxygen species. This have been countered by sensitizing with organic dyes to red-shift the absorption spectrum but also with doping of other metals and non-metals. Volume doping or surface modification have demonstrated improved photocatalytic efficiency, mainly via red-shifted absorption by introduction of intermediate energy states between the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) and increased number of surface hydroxyl groups (which can form reactive hydroxyl radicals) from charge compensation, and in some cases by improved surface-adsorption of organic molecules. Doped titania and complex titanates have traditionally been produced via, for instance, co-precipitation of mixed metal salts or via solid-state synthesis. While these methods usually are simple, they offer limited control over size, shape, and phase composition. An alternative is the use of single-source precursors (SSPs), i.e., molecules already containing the desired metal ratio in a homogenous distribution. The last one or two decades have seen an increased number of reported transition metal-doped titanium oxo-alkoxides (TOA), particularly for the first-row transition metals as potential single-source precursors (SSP) for doped titania and complex titanates. This review aims at providing an overview of TM-doped TOAs, focusing on first and second row TM elements, with special emphasis on their synthesis, photochemical properties, and their applications as SSPs.
Inequities in Community Exposure to Deadly Gun Violence by Race/Ethnicity, Poverty, and Neighborhood Disadvantage among Youth in Large US Cities
Authors: Kravitz-Wirtz Nicole , Bruns Angela , Aubel Amanda J. , Zhang Xiaoya , Buggs Shani A.
Published: June 2022

Understanding the burden of gun violence among youth is a public health imperative. While most estimates are based on direct and witnessed victimization, living nearby gun violence incidents may be consequential too. Yet detailed information about these broader experiences of violence is lacking. We use data on a population-based cohort of youth merged with incident-level data on deadly gun violence to assess the prevalence and intensity of community exposure to gun homicides across cross-classified categories of exposure distance and recency, overall and by race/ethnicity, household poverty, and neighborhood disadvantage. In total, 2–18% of youth resided within 600 m of a gun homicide occurring in the past 14–365 days. These percentages were 3–25% for incidents within 800 m and 5–37% for those within a 1300-m radius. Black and Latinx youth were 3–7 times more likely, depending on the exposure radius, to experience a past-year gun homicide than white youth and on average experienced incidents more recently and closer to home. Household poverty contributed to exposure inequities, but disproportionate residence in disadvantaged neighborhoods was especially consequential: for all racial/ethnic groups, the difference in the probability of exposure between youth in low vs high poverty households was approximately 5–10 percentage points, while the difference between youth residing in low vs high disadvantage neighborhoods was approximately 50 percentage points. Given well-documented consequences of gun violence exposure on health, these more comprehensive estimates underscore the importance of supportive strategies not only for individual victims but entire communities in the aftermath of gun violence.
Evaluation of redundant configurations in assembly lines with fractional tasks
Authors: Renna Paolo
Published: June 2022

Assembly lines with fractional tasks increase the throughput with a better workload balancing among the stations. The possibility to share tasks between two consecutive stations can also support the design of assembly lines with redundancies of the tasks. The redundancy of the tasks allows reacting to short failures or variations in processing time. This paper proposes a framework to support the design and control of redundancy assembly lines. The first problem concerns a modified mixed-integer linear programming model used for the fractional allocation assembly line problem to design redundancy assembly lines. Then, this research proposes control policies to manage the allocation of the tasks shared between two consecutive stations. Finally, the simulation evaluates the performance of the proposed methods to handle short failures and uncertain processing times. The numerical results show the potential improvements of the proposed methods with a limited number of redundancies. The main improvements concern the reduction of throughput time and work in process.
Silica Nanoparticle–Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats via Testicular Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Azouz Rehab A. , Korany Reda M. S. , Noshy Peter A.
Published: June 2022

Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are being utilized in different fields such as medicine, cosmetics, and foods. However, the causes and mechanisms underlying SiNP testicular damage remain largely unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate this issue. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n = 10), 500 ppm SiNP–treated group (n = 10), and 1000 ppm SiNP–treated group (n = 10). SiNPs were given orally in drinking water for 30 days. Micronucleus assay was performed on blood RBCs. The concentrations of testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity were measured. Moreover, the histopathological alterations and the expression of apoptotic (caspase-3) and pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers (iNOS) in testes and epididymis were analyzed and compared between the three groups. The results showed an increased level of micronucleus frequencies in the 1000 ppm–treated group, as well as increased levels of MDA and decreased activity of CAT and GSH content in testicular tissues in the 1000 ppm–treated group, suggesting DNA damage and oxidative stress mechanisms. Also, there were significant testicular histopathological alterations in this group. Furthermore, 1000-ppm SiNPs could enhance testicular apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by increasing the expression of apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress genes including caspase 3 and iNOS in the examined tissue. The lower concentration of SiNPs did not produce any significant biochemical, histopathological, or immunohistochemical alterations whereas 1000-ppm SiNPs resulted in significant testicular changes by exacerbating apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress–mediated testicular damage.
Abdominal Wall Skin Loss Defects Reconstruction Using Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Lin Junhao , Wang Zhifeng , Zhang Hong , Pei Yantao , Zhu Lei , Xu Qingjia
Published: June 2022

It was extremely difficult to deal with the complex full-thickness abdominal wall defect post serious trauma. The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap had been reported to be applied in reconstructing full-thickness abdominal wall defect in lower abdomen and groin. However, less cases in upper abdominal wall defect reconstructed by anterolateral thigh flap were reported due to some limitations. The aim of this study was to introduce our experiences in applying anterolateral thigh flap in upper abdominal wall defect reconstructing. In this study, seven patients with a large area of upper full-thickness defect in abdominal wall complicated with multiple organ damage were retrospectively identified due to acute trauma. Immediate organ-repair surgeries were performed. Meanwhile, the patients underwent complete debridement in the zone of abdominal wall defect, together with anti-infective treatment. Then, the appropriate timing was chosen to perform pedicled anterolateral thigh flap for reconstructing large area of full-thickness defect involving the upper abdomen. Postoperative follow-up data demonstrated that all the flaps survived, with no hernia complications or other discomforts. The outcome of the patients was also good. Thus, we conclude that pedicled anterolateral thigh flap was feasible to repair full-thickness defect in upper abdominal wall as long as well designed.
Intestinal serotonergic system is modulated by Toll-like receptor 9
Authors: Layunta Elena , Latorre Eva , Grasa Laura , Arruebo María Pilar , Buey Berta , Alcalde Ana I. , Mesonero José E.
Published: June 2022

Intestinal serotonergic system is a key modulator of intestinal homeostasis; however, its regulation is still unclear. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor, detects different external agents in the intestine, preserving intestinal integrity. Since little is known about TLR9 role in the intestine, our aim was to address the potential regulation between TLR9 and intestinal serotonergic system. Caco-2/TC7 cell line and intestinal tract of Tlr9−/− mice were used in this study. Serotonin uptake studies were performed, and molecular expression of different serotonergic components was analyzed by western blot and real-time PCR. Our results show that TLR9 activation inhibits serotonin transporter activity and expression, involving p38/MAPK and ERK/MAPK intracellular pathways, and reciprocally, serotonin increases TLR9 expression. Supporting this interaction, serotonin transporter, serotonin receptors and serotonin producer enzymes were found altered in intestinal tract of Tlr9−/− mice. We conclude that TLR9 could contribute to intestinal homeostasis by modulation of intestinal serotonergic system.
A review of scientific research on biodynamic agriculture
Authors: Santoni Margherita , Ferretti Lorenzo , Migliorini Paola , Vazzana Concetta , Pacini Gaio Cesare
Published: June 2022

Biodynamic agriculture (BD agriculture) was presented as an alternative form of agriculture by the philosopher Rudolf Steiner and is nowadays considered one of the forms of organic agriculture. The objective of the present manuscript is to critically review international scientific literature on biodynamic agriculture as published in highly ranked journals and to assess its performance. This review was based on a structured literature survey of peer-reviewed journals indexed on the Web of Science™ (WoS) Core Collection database carried out from 1985 until 2018. We found 147 publications of studies in journals with an impact factor. Of these, 93 focused on biodynamic agricultural practices, 26 on the sustainability of the biodynamic method, and 28 on the food quality of biodynamic products. The results of the literature review showed that the BD method enhances soil quality and biodiversity. Instead, further efforts are needed to implement knowledge on the socio-economic sustainability and food quality aspects of BD products. One particularly promising topic of research consists in the assessment of microbial activity and the potential that microbiomes have in BD farms to enhance soil fertility and human health following the One Health approach. Moreover, it is critical that such subjects be investigated using a systemic approach. We conclude that BD agriculture could provide benefits for the environment and that further efforts should be made with research and innovation activities to provide additional information to farmers, policy makers, and stakeholders regarding this type of organic agriculture.
Should Swedish sea level planners worry more about mean sea level rise or sea level extremes?
Authors: Hieronymus Magnus , Kalén Ola
Published: June 2022

Current coastal spatial planning in Sweden uses simple methods to account for how flood risks increase owing to sea level rise. Those methods, however, fail to account for several important aspects of sea level rise, such as: projection uncertainty, emission scenario uncertainty and time dependence. Here, enhanced methods that account for these uncertainties are applied at several locations along the coast. The relative importance of mean sea level rise and extreme events for flood risk is explored for different timeframes. A general conclusion for all locations is that, extreme events dominate the flood risk for planning periods lasting a few decades. For longer planning periods, lasting toward the end of the century, the flood risk is instead dominated by the risk of high sea level rise. It is argued that these findings are important for assessments of future flood risk, and that they should be reflected in coastal spatial planning.
Children’s right to play sports in a safe and healthy environment
Authors: Aine Antti , Muhonen Jatta , Toivonen Virve
Published: June 2022

According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), every child has a right to practise sports in a healthy, safe environment (art. 19). However, research indicates that child athletes experience various forms of violence in sports. Violence is particularly harmful to children, as the effects may be significant and long lasting. In addition, children often have difficulty identifying and reacting to violence. In this article, we first aim to shed light on the prevalence and implications of violence towards child athletes in sports. By child athletes, we mean athletes under the age of 18 (CRC art. 1). Thereafter, we discuss the following questions: (1) How does the CRC protect children in sports? (2) Can children’s rights be effectively protected through sports self-regulation of sports bodies and legal remedies? (3) Who is responsible for safeguarding children’s rights in sports? To answer these questions, we employ a multidisciplinary perspective that combines jurisprudence and sport psychology. In summary, we conclude that the CRC unequivocally prohibits all violence against children in all sectors of society, including sports. The responsibility for enforcing this prohibition lies with both member states and sports bodies. It is always the responsibility of adults. The full realisation of children’s rights requires action on multiple fronts, including legislation, information, education and resources.
The Case Against Smooth Null Infinity III: Early-Time Asymptotics for Higher $$\ell $$-Modes of Linear Waves on a Schwarzschild Background
Authors: Kehrberger Leonhard M. A.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we derive the early-time asymptotics for fixed-frequency solutions $$\phi _\ell $$

ϕ
ℓ

to the wave equation $$\Box _g \phi _\ell =0$$

□
g

ϕ
ℓ

=
0

on a fixed Schwarzschild background ($$M>0$$

M
>
0

) arising from the no incoming radiation condition on $${\mathscr {I}}^-$$

I

-

and polynomially decaying data, $$r\phi _\ell \sim t^{-1}$$

r

ϕ
ℓ

∼

t

-
1

as $$t\rightarrow -\infty $$

t
→
-
∞

, on either a timelike boundary of constant area radius $$r>2M$$

r
>
2
M

(I) or an ingoing null hypersurface (II). In case (I), we show that the asymptotic expansion of $$\partial _v(r\phi _\ell )$$

∂
v

(
r

ϕ
ℓ

)

along outgoing null hypersurfaces near spacelike infinity $$i^0$$

i
0

contains logarithmic terms at order $$r^{-3-\ell }\log r$$

r

-
3
-
ℓ

log
r

. In contrast, in case (II), we obtain that the asymptotic expansion of $$\partial _v(r\phi _\ell )$$

∂
v

(
r

ϕ
ℓ

)

near spacelike infinity $$i^0$$

i
0

contains logarithmic terms already at order $$r^{-3}\log r$$

r

-
3

log
r

(unless $$\ell =1$$

ℓ
=
1

). These results suggest an alternative approach to the study of late-time asymptotics near future timelike infinity $$i^+$$

i
+

that does not assume conformally smooth or compactly supported Cauchy data: In case (I), our results indicate a logarithmically modified Price’s law for each $$\ell $$
ℓ
-mode. On the other hand, the data of case (II) lead to much stronger deviations from Price’s law. In particular, we conjecture that compactly supported scattering data on $${\mathscr {H}}^-$$

H

-

and $${\mathscr {I}}^-$$

I

-

lead to solutions that exhibit the same late-time asymptotics on $${\mathscr {I}}^+$$

I

+

for each $$\ell $$
ℓ
: $$r\phi _\ell |_{{\mathscr {I}}^+}\sim u^{-2}$$

r

ϕ
ℓ

|

I

+

∼

u

-
2

as $$u\rightarrow \infty $$

u
→
∞

.
Drug-Related Problems and Factors Involved in the Imbalance of Oral Anticoagulants in Lebanese Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bassam Soukeina , Mansour Sara , Ajrouche Roula , Kisserwan Hawraa , EL-Hajj Maya , Zein Salam , Dirani Zahraa , Al-Hajje Amal
Published: June 2022

The goal of this study was to identify drug-related problems (DRPs) and the factors involved in the imbalance of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and vitamin K antagonists in a Lebanese adult population with cardiovascular diseases. An imbalance in the hemostatic systems between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors in circulating blood produces either hemorrhagic or thrombotic conditions. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted during 5 months in a teaching hospital. All patients at least 18 years of age taking oral anticoagulants were included in the study. A standardized questionnaire was used, and information was obtained from the patients’ profiles and electronic medical records. DRPs were identified and categorized according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification system. A total of 258 patients were included. The overall prevalence of DRPs was 87.2%; the highest prevalence was observed in patients taking acenocoumarol (96.0%), in contrast to 76.7% and 59.0% in patients taking dabigatran and rivaroxaban, respectively. Drug interaction was the most frequent DRP (83.3%), followed by inappropriate monitoring (42.6%) and excessive dose (26.7%). Having renal disease, and taking proton-pump inhibitors or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were among the factors affecting the international normalized ratio (INR) range (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 2.513, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.238, 5.101; ORa = 2.487, 95% CI 1.139, 5.430 and ORa = 2.114, 95% CI 1.043, 4.286, respectively), whereas smoking and renal disease significantly affected activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (ORa = 8.325, 95% CI 1.577, 43.965 and ORa = 6.922, 95% CI 1.471, 32.570, respectively). Patients taking NOACs had greater aPTT control and fewer DRPs, with a wide therapeutic index enabling administration of fixed doses.
A frequency domain approach for reduced- order transonic aerodynamic modelling
Authors: Gaitonde A.L. , Jones D.P. , Cooper J.E.
Published: June 2022

This paper describes a new efficient method for the construction of an approximately balanced aerodynamic Reduced Order Model (ROM) via the frequency domain using Computational Fluid Dynamics data. Time domain ROM construction requires CFD data, which is obtained from the DLR TAU RANS or Euler Linearised Frequency Domain (LFD) solver. The ROMs produced with this approach, using a small number of frequency simulations, are shown to exhibit a strong ability to reconstruct the system response for inviscid flow about the NLR7301 aerofoil and the FFAST wing; and viscous flow about the NASA Common Research Model. The latter demonstrates that the reduced order model approach can reconstruct the full order frequency response of a viscous aircraft configuration with excellent accuracy using a strip wise approach. The time domain models are built using the frequency domain, but also give promising results when applied to reconstruct non-periodic motions. Results are compared to time domain simulations, showing good agreement even with small ROM sizes, but with a substantial reduction in calculation time. The main advantage of the current model order reduction approach is that the method does not require the formation and storage of large matrices, such as in POD approaches.
Addressing the challenges of conducting community-engaged research during COVID-19: Rapid development and evaluation of a COVID-19 Research Patient and Community Advisory Board (PCAB)
Authors: Harrison James D. , Palmer Nynikka R. A. , Cabrera Abby , Fleisher Paula , Wong Erica , LeSarre Monique , Grumbach Kevin , Banta Jim , Tealer Lisa , Reynolds Andrew , Wassmann Arianna , Rose Teri , Nguyen Tung
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

We created a COVID-19 Research Patient and Community Advisory Board (PCAB) to provide patient and community input into clinical and translational research studies. The purpose of this article is to describe the PCAB creation, implementation, and evaluation.

Methods:

We identified PCAB members who had participated in previous stakeholder engaged activities at our institution and invited their participation. We created a systematic consultation process where researchers could submit plain language research summaries and questions for the PCAB. A facilitated 1-hour virtual consultation was then held where PCAB members provided feedback. We assessed satisfaction of PCAB members and researchers who received consultations using surveys. We also reviewed video recordings of PCAB consultations and reflections from team meetings to identify key lessons learned.

Results:

Twenty-seven PCAB members took part in 23 consultation sessions. Twenty-two completed an evaluation survey (81% response rate). Most members agreed or strongly agreed their opinions were valued (86%), it was a productive use of time (86%) and were satisfied (86%). Nineteen researchers completed an evaluation survey (83% response rate). Researchers reported positive experiences of working with the PCAB. Additional insights include limited funding in COVID-19 research for equitable community engagement, deficiencies in researcher communication skills, and a lack of cultural humility incorporated into study activities.

Conclusions:

PCAB members provided recommendations that maximized the patient-centeredness and health equity focus of COVID-19 research. The detailed description of the process of developing, implementing, and evaluating our PCAB can be used as a template for others wishing to replicate this engagement model.
Integrating special and underserved populations in translational research: Environmental scan of adaptive capacity and preparedness of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program hubs
Authors: Hoyo Verónica , Shah Raj C. , Dave Gaurav , Volkov Boris B.
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health disparities and rendered them acutely more visible. Special and underrepresented populations need to be fully integrated into the translational research process from the very beginning and all the way through. This article presents findings and rapid analysis mini-case studies from the Environmental Scan (E-Scan) of adaptive capacity and preparedness of Clinical and Translational Science Award hubs, specific to the goal of integrating special and vulnerable populations in different institutional research settings. In our discussion of the findings and case studies, we flexibly apply local adaptive capacity framework concepts and characteristics, and, whenever possible, we present ideas on how to enhance capacity in those areas, based on the challenges and practices identified through the E-Scan. Although the past year has recorded incredible achievements in vaccine development, clinical trials, diagnostics, and overall biomedical research, these successes continue to be hampered by our inability to turn them into achievements equally available and accessible to all populations.
Pre-hospital Emergency Service Challenges in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran
Authors: Heidari Mohammad , Aliakbari Fatemeh , Heydarpoor Sadegh , Nehrir Batool , Yadollahi Salman
Published: June 2022

Objective:

With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the workload of the Iran’s health-care system along with the Pre-hospital Emergency Service (PHES) increased significantly so that Iranian fledgling emergency system had never experienced such a crisis. With regard to the importance of the function of PHES as the front-line staff of Iran’s health system and its role in controlling the recent epidemic crisis, this study was conducted to identify the challenges of PHES function in the face of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

The study was conducted with qualitative approach through content analysis in 2021. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation. After 24 interviews, the data were saturated. The extracted codes were thoroughly prepared as a data pool. After encoding all available data, the related codes were categorized into a single theme. After extracting the themes, a network of themes, related to the research topic, was drawn, and then, the relationship between the themes was analyzed.

Results:

Data analysis undertaken for the qualitative study resulted in the identification of 4 main themes included: challenges related to facilities and equipment, living with uncertainty, professional and organizational capabilities, and burnout.

Conclusions:

PHES personnel have an important and key role in providing care to patients during COVID-19 epidemic period. Individual and systemic challenges were among the most important issues in the experiences of these personnel. These challenges require organizational planning and special attention of health policy-makers to maintain the staff’s physical and mental health during the pandemic and the possible crises ahead.
Hugh O'Neill in Irish historical discourse, c.1550–2021
Authors: Canny Nicholas
Published: June 2022

An analysis of the multiple publications relating to the career of Hugh O'Neill that appeared during the middle decades of the twentieth century reveals the extent to which authors who were then writing about the past permitted their interpretations to be influenced by the politics and prejudices of their own time. It is then demonstrated that the various positions then adopted by competing authors had been influenced also by polemics from the past. A study of the place accorded to Hugh O'Neill by authors writing in the nineteenth, eighteenth, seventeenth and even the sixteenth century shows that they too were divided over whether O'Neill should be considered the forger of an Irish nation or a champion of Catholicism, or an ingrate who had betrayed the crown that had rescued him from obscurity. This leads to a discussion of academic writing of more recent decades and the efforts of scholars who have engaged on fresh research to better comprehend what motivated Hugh O'Neill at various junctures in his career, even as he remains one of the more enigmatic personalities in Ireland's history.
Faith and fatherland? The Ancient Order of Hibernians, northern nationalism and the partition of Ireland
Authors: O'Donoghue Martin
Published: June 2022

In 1912, the Ancient Order of Hibernians (A.O.H.) had become the most significant nationalist organisation in Ulster, a powerful auxiliary to the Irish Parliamentary Party, and a key part of what unionists feared would be Rome rule in a self-governed Ireland. However, while the A.O.H. is crucial to understanding nationalist Ulster and the border question, its reputation for fraternal secrecy and the apparent suddenness of its decline after the Irish Party's 1918 collapse has often seen it elude sustained academic enquiry. This article provides the first examination of the order from the Ulster crisis to the early decades of partition, drawing on the records of its governing Board of Erin. Scrutinising the grassroots and the leadership, this article interrogates dissension among Hibernians, the suspension of divisions and defections to Sinn Féin as the order reconciled proposals for Ulster exclusion with its traditional appeal. While Hibernians often found themselves part of a three-cornered conflict in the violent 1920s, the order ultimately survived on both sides of the border with regional variation important in estimating decline. Its persistence, therefore, illustrates something of the lived experience of partition and highlights important threads of continuity in a period of political and social upheaval.
They ‘never dared say “boo” while the British were here’: the postal strike of 1922 and the Irish Civil War
Authors: Hanley Gerard
Published: June 2022

This article examines the causes and consequences of the 1922 postal strike which was the first nationwide strike to occur following the establishment of the Irish Free State. In the eyes of the government, the dispute was as much a threat to its authority as that posed by anti-Treatyies, and it was resolved to crush both. The significance of the postal dispute within the annals of Irish labour history has been obscured and overshadowed by the civil war. The strike was not only about a demand for a fair and reasonable wage: it also raised issues relating to workers’ rights, including the right to strike; government tactics, including the harassment and intimidation of workers by the military; victimisation; political propriety and probity; the abuse of government power; and the role and effectiveness of the labour movement. Furthermore, the historical collision of both the postal strike and the civil war produced strong emotions among all parties to this labour dispute – the postal workers, postal unions and the fledgling government. The coincidence of the dispute and the civil war determined the government's attitude towards labour unrest, labour affairs and labour relations until Fianna Fáil succeeded Cumann na nGaedheal in 1932.
A Gentle Caveat: The Slippery Slope of Familial Belonging - Reviewed: Kinship, Law and Politics: An Anatomy of Belonging. By Joseph E. David. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 156. $110.00 (cloth); $88.00 (digital). ISBN: 9781108606967.
Authors: Mendes-Flohr Paul
Published: June 2022

In Kinship, Law and Politics: An Anatomy of Belonging Joseph David offers an erudite and duly nuanced analysis of Judaism as the faith of a people bound by kinship and a faith grounded in religious law, of consanguineous and spiritual belonging. In the premodern period and prior to the onset of secularization, the relation of kinship and spiritual belonging was determined by religious law in dialogue with evolving social realities. With the eclipse of religious authority, as David astutely notes, the traditional codes of Jewish belonging were desacralized, allowing for competing ethical and social values, and visions of the good. To remedy the consequent fracturing of Jewish affiliation, David calls for a revalorization of Jewish kinship, focused on familial affection and mutual regard, which he celebrates as an ethos of care. To cast the ethos of care in purely phenomenological terms, however, courts a blurring of the ethical and axiological boundaries between ideological communities—Left and Right—that offer bonds of mutual care, solidarity, and distinctive visions of the good. Moreover, as regards Judaism, one might find contemporary institutional expressions of Jewish kinship, religious or otherwise, to be incompatible with one’s understanding of the tradition’s teachings and values and choose not to belong.
Moderating effect of social capital on the dynamics between entrepreneurial orientation and internationalization of Spanish family owned businesses
Authors: Keen Christian , Sanchez-Famoso Valeriano , Dana Leo-Paul
Published: June 2022

This paper addresses an important knowledge gap regarding the internationalization of family businesses. To understand the specific factors that influence the internationalization of these firms, this paper investigates the role and articulation of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and family social capital (FSC) on internationalization performance. Our findings reveal that the more entrepreneurial the family business, the higher the likelihood of identifying and exploiting business opportunities in foreign markets. The moderating effect that FSC can have on the dynamics between EO and internationalization indicates that this relational family specific asset facilitates organizational stability and performance enhancement.
What do job insecure people do? Examining employee behaviors and their implications for well-being at a weekly basis
Authors: López Bohle Sergio , Bal P. Matthijs , Probst Tahira M. , Rofcanin Yasin , Muñoz Medina Felipe
Published: June 2022

The current study investigated employees' weekly responses to experienced job insecurity. Based on appraisal theory, it was postulated that employees may adopt three coping strategies in response to job insecurity (i.e., remaining silent, adapting, or being proactive) in order to maintain or improve their weekly well-being. We introduced a multilevel moderated mediation model, explaining how weekly job insecurity would be related to well-being in the following weeks through these three behaviors. We also expected that subordinate emotional regulation and supervisor prosocial motivation (both defined as trait variables) would function as contextual factors moderating the relationships of job insecurity with employee behavior and well-being. A 5-week diary study of 149 subordinates partially supported the model. The results showed longitudinal conditional indirect effects of job insecurity on subordinate well-being depending on subordinate emotional regulation style and supervisor prosocial motivation. In doing so, the study offers two main contributions to the job insecurity literature. First, employees are not passive responders to perceived job insecurity, but active shapers through coping depending on the context. Subordinates' emotional regulation strategy and supervisors' prosocial motivation, as trait variables, impact on how subordinates respond to perceived job insecurity over weeks. From a practical point of view, the dynamic nature of perceived job insecurity suggests implications for interventions to maintain subordinates' well-being.