bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career agency and person-environment fit: female globally mobile employees in Japan
Authors: Qin Jiayin , Sekiguchi Tomoki
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand how female globally mobile employees (GMEs), a group that is gaining a stronger presence in global work, exert their career agency within the context of structural constraints.

Design/methodology/approach

Using theoretical perspectives of career-agency theory and person-environment fit as frames of reference, this study collected 113 blog posts written by 19 female GMEs and conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 female GMEs who are currently living and working in Japan.

Findings

This study found that the informants exercised career agency as a response to challenges related to foreignness and gender. Through career-related agentic behaviors, the informants strove to increase their fit with their environments while interacting with different aspects of structural constraints. This study also found that people in different stages of global mobility exhibited different mindsets toward their foreignness, consequently influencing their career agency.

Originality/value

This study highlights the dynamic interaction between structural constraints and the agency of female GMEs, advancing the understanding of career agency in women’s global work. In addition, it recognizes the presence of expatriate residents as a distinct subgroup within the GME population, shedding light on the evolving ambiguous boundaries between self-initiated expatriates and other talent categories.
A novel ChatGPT-based multimodel framework for tourism review mining: a case study on China’s five sacred mountains
Authors: Cheng Xinquan , Chen Yuanhong , Wang Pingfan , Zhou YanXi , Wei Xiaojing , Luo Wenjiang , Duan Qingxin
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to introduce an innovative framework for mining tourism reviews that not only excels in sentiment analysis accuracy but also prioritizes user-friendly design for enhanced usability.

Design/methodology/approach

Online reviews of China’s Five Sacred Mountains were analyzed using an integrated methodology. Sentiment analysis was performed using ChatGPT, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) and convolutional neural networks, with ChatGPT demonstrating superior performance. Latent Dirichlet allocation extracted key attributes. Models including importance–performance analysis (IPA), asymmetric impact-performance analysis (AIPA) and importance–performance competitor analysis (IPCA) then synthesized findings.

Findings

The results demonstrate that ChatGPT outperforms both machine learning and lexicon-based models in sentiment recognition, exhibiting performance comparable to that of the BERT model. In the case study, integrating sentiment analysis outcomes with IPA reveals deficiencies in both topics and attributes. Moreover, the synergistic combination of IPA, AIPA and IPCA furnishes actionable recommendations for resource management and enables nuanced monitoring of sustainability attributes.

Practical implications

Leveraging this framework in conjunction with the ChatGPT platform for application development can bring practical convenience to the tourism industry. It supports sentiment analysis, topic categorization and opinion mining. Equipped with monitoring capabilities, it provides valuable insights for sustainable improvement, aiding managers in formulating effective marketing strategies.

Originality/value

This research develops a novel multimodel framework integrating various ML/DL techniques and business models in a synergistic way. It provides an innovative and highly accurate yet simple approach to tourism review mining and enhances accessibility of advanced artificial intelligence for sustainable tourism monitoring, addressing limitations of prior methods.
Dynamic grey relational analysis-based optimization of electrochemical machining processes
Authors: Das Partha Protim , Chakraborty Shankar
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Grey relational analysis (GRA) has already proved itself as an efficient tool for multi-objective optimization of many of the machining processes. In GRA, the distinguishing coefficient (ξ) plays an important role in identifying the optimal parametric combinations of the machining processes and almost all the past researchers have considered its value as 0.5. In this paper, based on past experimental data, the application of GRA is extended to dynamic GRA (DGRA) to optimize two electrochemical machining (ECM) processes.

Design/methodology/approach

Instead of a static distinguishing coefficient, this paper considers dynamic distinguishing coefficient for each of the responses for both the ECM processes under consideration. Based on these coefficients, the application of DGRA leads to determination of the dynamic grey relational grade (DGRG) and grey relational standard deviation (GRSD), helping in initial ranking of the alternative experimental trials. Considering the ranks obtained by DGRG and GRSD, a composite rank in terms of rank product score is obtained, aiding in final rankings of the experimental trials for both the ECM processes.

Findings

In the first example, the maximum material removal rate (MRR) would be obtained at an optimal combination of ECM parameters as electrolyte concentration = 2 mol/l, voltage = 16V and current = 4A, while another parametric intermix as electrolyte concentration = 2 mol/l, voltage = 14V and current = 2A would result in minimum radial overcut and delamination. For the second example, an optimal combination of ECM parameters as electrode temperature = 30°C, voltage = 12V, duty cycle = 90% and electrolyte concentration = 15 g/l would simultaneously maximize MRR and minimize surface roughness and conicity.

Originality/value

In this paper, two ECM operations are optimized using a newly developed but yet to be popular multi-objective optimization tool in the form of the DGRA technique. For both the examples, the derived rankings of the ECM experiments exactly match with those obtained by the past researchers. Thus, DGRA can be effectively adopted to solve parametric optimization problems in any of the machining processes.
Application of new rock physics method to estimate petrophysical properties
Authors: Shadlow James
Published: June 2024

A new method for estimating petrophysical properties from elastic well log or seismic data is evaluated on data from the Carnarvon Basin, Northwest Australia. The study has utilized well and seismic inversion data covering part of the Triassic‐aged fluvio‐deltaic Mungaroo Formation on the Exmouth Plateau. The method applied is based on several recently published papers to use acoustic impedance, velocity ratio Vp/Vs and estimated constants to calculate clay volume (VCL), effective porosity and water saturation (SW). The case study showed exceptional results on well data. A strong match is observed between petrophysically derived VCL, effective porosity and SW and the estimates derived from elastic logs. When applied to seismic inversion volumes, pay in the wells is predicted from seismic, and porosity of the sands can be estimated with confidence. Petrophysical properties for nearby direct hydrocarbon indicator–supported prospects could also be evaluated, although an imprint of the direct hydrocarbon indicator was observed on the VCL prediction, and overall predictions are less than expected based on regional well results. Using these results, a minor modification is proposed to the equations used, and a workflow is derived to enable easy application to other projects. The modified approach was validated on the well data from the original publication. The results also indicate that the approach can be used to help identify erroneous synthetic Vs estimates in limited data settings.
Modeling the linkage between climate change, CH4 emissions, and land use with Iran's livestock production: A food security perspective
Authors: Mahdavian Seyed Mohammadreza , Askari Fatemeh , Kioumarsi Hamed , Naseri Harsini Reza , Dehghanzadeh Hushang , Saboori Behnaz
Published: June 2024

The livestock production sector plays a crucial role in food security and income generation and has an undeniable relationship with the environment. Like other agricultural sectors, it faces the significant challenge of climate change. However, the attention given to this issue has not been satisfactory given its importance. Thus, the primary aim of the current research is to assess the impact of temperature change, precipitation, CH4 emissions, gross fixed capital, and land use on the livestock production index as an indicator of food security in Iran. The modeling uses data from 1990 to 2020, employing the NARDL approach and Granger causality. The results show that a 1% increase in temperature can lead to an 8.06% decrease in livestock production (food security), while a 1% decline in temperature results in a 3.85% surge in livestock production. Precipitation has a direct relationship with food security; a 1% rise and drop in rainfall lead to an increase and reduction in livestock production by 0.8% and 1.02%, respectively. A 1% increase in gross fixed capital boosts food security by 0.47%, while a 1% decrease leads to a 2.32% reduction. A statistically insignificant relationship is seen between the positive CH4 shock and food security in the long run. However, the negative shock of this variable positively influences food security by 7.5%. Negative changes in land use will reduce livestock production. The Granger causality test proves a two‐way causal relationship between CH4 emissions and livestock production. A unidirectional causality is discovered from production to temperature and from land use to livestock production. To mitigate the impact of global warming on livestock production, strategic investments in infrastructure, livestock micro insurance, and informing producers about the consequences of climate change and solutions for addressing this phenomenon can be considered effective policies.
Productive and physiological characteristics of tomato plants produced on different rootstocks
Authors: de Jesus Tello Jean Paulo , de Almeida Guimarães Marcelo , dos Santos Viana Caris , Garcia Manuel Filipe Nascimento , Gomes João Germano , Mesquita Rosilene Oliveira , Zanuncio José Cola
Published: June 2024

Grafting facilitates the management of phytodiseases, especially of soils, but the growth and development of the grafted plant depend on the compatibility with rootstocks. The objective was to evaluate the graft union and survival, the growth characteristics, fruit biometrics, yield and physiological characteristics of the tomato plant ‘Santa Clara’ on five rootstocks. The study was conducted at the Pici Campus of the Federal University of Ceará in Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. The seven treatments were tomato ‘Santa Clara’ ungrafted and self‐grafted, or grafted onto cherry tomato ‘Vermelho’, hybrid tomato ‘Guardiao’, eggplant ‘Comprida Roxa’, jiló ‘Comprido Grande Rio’ (Solanum gilo) and cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum). Cleft grafting was used. The growth characteristics evaluated were stem diameter (SD), plant height (PH), and number of commercial (NCF) and total (NTF) fruits. The biometric characteristics of the fruits (diameter‐FD, length‐FL and average mass‐AMF) and productive (commercial‐CFM and total‐TFM fruit mass) and yield of commercial (YCF) and total (YTF) fruits were estimated per hectare. Physiological evaluations were performed to obtain the internal concentration of CO2 (Ci), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), liquid photosynthesis (A), ratio between internal CO2 and the environment (Ci/Ca) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci). The graft union and survival of S. lycopersicum plants was 100% at 10 days after grafting. The number of commercial and total fruits were higher in non‐grafted tomato plants. The FD of the plants was higher with rootstocks of the ‘Vermelho’ cherry tomato and ‘Guardião’ hybrid, the CFM and TFM with ungrafted, the AMF and TFM with ‘Vermelho’ cherry tomato and the YCF and YTF with ungrafted and grafting on the ‘Vermelho’ cherry tomato. The tomato plant ‘Santa Clara’ completed its development in rootstocks and, therefore, they are compatible with this plant. The production of tomato fruits was higher with grafting on the ‘Vermelho’ cherry tomato with diameter and productivity similar to those of the ungrafted plants, indicating that this tomato cultivar can be used as rootstock.
The pharmacokinetic differences between 10‐ and 15‐μg daily vitamin D doses
Authors: You Tao , Muhamad Nadda , Jenner Joseph , Huang Zhonghui
Published: June 2024

Aims

The reference nutrient intake for vitamin D in people aged ≥4 years is 10 μg/day (400 IU/day) in the UK, but the recommended daily allowance is 15 μg/day (600 IU/day) for people aged 1–70 years in the USA. Here, we aim to compare the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentration profiles between the 2 doses.

Methods

With world‐wide trial data of adults aged ≥18 years, 45–93 kg, we constructed a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetics model of serum concentrations of vitamin D and 25(OH)D using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. We used this model to forecast the mean, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in British adults aged ≥16 years.

Results

Our final model used bodyweight to adjust volume of each compartment and maximum clearance of 25(OH)D. No other covariate was identified. The model accurately predicted independent data from trials of a broad range of dosing regimens. We simulated British adults and showed that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in 95% of people taking 10 μg/day for a year is predicted to reach 50 nmol/L in 32 weeks, while 97.5% of those on 15 μg/day were predicted to attain this threshold within 28 weeks.

Conclusion

Both doses are efficacious in >95% of the British population. The daily dose of 15 μg can help 97.5% of the British adults achieve 50 nmol/L serum 25(OH)D and reach the 25 nmol/L threshold in 4 weeks.
1103. Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó
Authors: Fay Michael F. , Raistrick Reinhild , Sayers Brendan , Calevo Jacopo
Published: June 2024

Dactylorhiza incarnata (early marsh orchid) is illustrated here. It is a widespread European and termperate Asian species. A detailed description is provided, with notes on habitat. Given its wide distribution and the diverse range of habitats where it occurs, its conservation status is Least Concern in Europe. It is less amenable to cultivation than some other Dactylorhiza species, and it should be regarded as a plant to be grown by specialists.
A collaborative approach to develop indigenous specific parenting education
Authors: Heaney Kristine , Bergevin Danielle , Kelly Chelsea
Published: June 2024

Discrimination against Indigenous peoples is ongoing and perpetuated by systemic structures such as Eurocentric educational systems that often require learners to suppress their Indigeneity and conform to the dominant culture. Previous attempts at incorporating Indigenous cultures and values into education have often perpetuated harmful and negative stereotypes to the detriment of Indigenous learners. Parenting education courses for separating or divorcing parents are designed to support emotional wellbeing and promote positive co‐parenting relationships. While it is widely known that Indigenous worldviews vary from Western worldviews, there is little research on parenting education courses for Indigenous families and few culturally responsive programs designed for non‐dominant cultures or offered in other languages. Walking in two worlds is a reality for Indigenous peoples; needing to conform to the dominant systems in society while also honoring their teachings and ways of being. This article describes how a parenting education course for Indigenous families was created by employing the principle of collaboration with full involvement of all participants resulting in a course that bridges the gap between two different worldviews.
Can online parent education meet the needs of the courts and improve the well‐being of children? The critical roles of goal, program, and evidence alignment
Authors: O'Hara Karey L. , Hollis Joi , Sandler Irwin N.
Published: June 2024

Parent education in family courts can significantly impact children's well‐being after divorce if programs are (1) widely accessible, (2) acceptable to parents, (3) feasible to implement by courts, and (4) have evidence of effectiveness in improving key outcomes for children. In light of recently raised concerns about whether court‐ordered/court‐mandated parent education is justified, to it is critical to identify effective parent education programs. Online parent education programs have the potential to be widely accessible, acceptable to parents and courts, and effectively promote children's well‐being. However, few effective online parent education programs are being widely adopted by family courts. There is some controversy about whether online parent education meets the needs of family courts in being cost‐effective programs that offer ways to hold parents accountable for their participation. We articulate the wide array of goals for parent education programs and present a framework to identify and select programs that meet specific goals. We discuss access, cost, evidence of effectiveness, acceptability, credibility, and compliance tracking. We highlight two online parent education programs to illustrate differences in contexts and goals and to show that online programs have great potential to be effective in accomplishing goals valued by the courts.
Striking an alliance between T cells and macrophages for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Gargett Tessa , Ebert Lisa M
Published: June 2024

A new study by Yamada‐Hunter et al. reveals a novel approach to promote synergy—rather than antagonism—between macrophages and engineered T cells, leading to enhanced antitumor immunity.
Effects of Semi‐Film and Full‐Film Mulching on Soybean Growth, Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Grain Yield
Authors: Wen Shuyue , Dang Pengfei , Li Dexiao , Qin Xiaoliang , Siddique Kadambot H. M.
Published: June 2024

Soybean film mulching has shown promise in maintaining consistent and high yields in semi‐arid regions. However, the specific impacts of full‐film and semi‐film mulching on soybean growth, root nodule traits and grain yield are poorly understood. This 2‐year study (2021–2022) investigates the effects of full‐film and semi‐film mulching on soil moisture, soybean growth and yield. Our findings revealed that semi‐film mulching increased soybean yield by 18.12% compared to full‐film mulching, averaged across 2 years. Furthermore, the semi‐film treatment significantly enhanced biological nitrogen fixation ability, increasing root nodule numbers by 24.81%–33.43%, compared to full‐film mulching. This improvement also positively affected soybean quality, with crude protein content increasing by 5.89% in 2021 and 4.14% in 2022 compared to full‐filming. Moreover, semi‐film mulching helped maintain soil moisture and temperature during later soybean growth stages. There findings suggest that semi‐film mulching is a viable agricultural strategy for soybean cultivation in semi‐arid regions, improving soybean quality and efficiency while promoting environmental sustainability.
Dynamics of class and labour: Evidence from a longitudinal study in Rajasthan (India)
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Kaur Amanpreet
Published: June 2024

In the Gang Canal region of Rajasthan, the cropping pattern changed from a labour intensive crop, cotton, to a mechanized crop, cluster beans. The shift in cropping pattern not only displaced workers from farm wage work but also brought changes in labour hiring contracts with large scale conversion of daily wage rate contracts to piece‐rate contracts. Drawing on a primary survey in a village from Gang Canal region, the paper examines the change in the agrarian relations in rural Rajasthan by analysing the emerging development in the rural labour relations. For piece‐rate work in farm wage work in some parts of Rajasthan, the wage rate is unilaterally decided by the landlords and large capitalist farmers and is denoted as the ‘village rate’. The manual workers have negligible bargaining power vis‐à‐vis the village rate. The conversion of daily wage rate contracts to piece‐rate contracts has enhanced the duration of working day that involves a rise in the rate of surplus value. Access and availability of low wage labour facilitates the accumulation of capital. With the limited availability of employment in the non‐farm sector (in both public and private sectors), workers are compelled to sell their labour power at wages that do not exceed the level of subsistence. The paper concludes with a brief examination of continuum of coercion and varied degree of unfreedom among worker in the village.
Role of DNA damage response in cyclophosphamide‐induced premature ovarian failure in mice
Authors: Song Yi , Guo Zhong , Song Lei , Ma Jian‐xiu , Ma Yan‐qing , Shang Li‐na , Meng Ya‐ping , Fan Zi‐qi , Hao Ming‐hui , Zhao Jin
Published: June 2024

Aim

To investigate the DNA damage response (DDR) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐induced mouse model of premature ovarian failure (POF).

Methods

The POF model was established by injecting mice with CTX. The body, ovarian weights, the estrus cycle, and pathological changes of the ovaries were recorded. The serum levels of 17 β‐estradiol (E2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. The expression of Ki67, β‐galactosidase (β‐gal), p21, p53, γH2AX, and pATM in ovarian tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of β‐gal, γH2AX, and pATM was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining of primary cultured granulosa cells (GCs).

Results

The body and ovarian weights decreased, the estrus cycles were erratic, and the FSH level increased, whereas the E2 level decreased in POF mice compared to controls. The pathological consequences of POF revealed an increase in atretic follicles, corpus luteum, and primordial follicles and a decrease in the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Ki67 expression was reduced, β‐gal, p21, p53, γH2AX, and pATM expression were elevated in the ovaries of POF mice. The expression of β‐gal, γH2AX, and pATM increased in GCs with the concentration in a time‐dependent manner.

Conclusion

In total, CTX induced POF in mice, which was mediated by the DDR pathway of ATM‐P53‐P21.
Language proficiency and ethnic‐racial orientation among Latine mother–adolescent dyads
Authors: Givens Tahjanee , Lobo Frances M. , Kiang Lisa , Stein Gabriela L.
Published: June 2024

Language proficiencies have implications for how parents and children can communicate effectively and how culture and heritage can be transferred across generations. Previous research has sought to understand the relationship between parent language (mainstream, heritage) proficiencies and the ethnic‐racial orientation of their children, though prior studies have not investigated the relationship between child language proficiencies and parent ethnic‐racial orientation. This study examined the actor–partner effects of Latine mother–child dyads (N = 175; youth mean age = 12.86 years) regarding their proficiencies in English and Spanish and their Latine and White orientations. Our results revealed that youth Spanish language proficiency was positively linked to youth White orientation, and youth English proficiency was also positively associated with youth White orientation but only in instances when youth‐reported acculturation conflict was lower or average. There were two partner effects observed, with youth English proficiency positively relating to mother's White orientation and mothers' Spanish proficiency being negatively related to youth White orientation. Regarding Latine orientation, both English and Spanish were positively related to greater Latine orientation for both mothers and their children. However, at higher levels of mother‐reported acculturation conflict, higher mother English proficiency was related to lower youth Latine orientation. Overall, language proficiencies for Latine mothers and their children contribute to the development of bicultural orientations, though varying degrees of acculturation conflict can have differential impacts on these linkages.
Effect of rainfall, temperature and climate change on the ecology of the rodents of arid zones: a review
Authors: Ventura‐Rojas Perla D. , González‐Romero Alberto , Moreno Claudia E. , Sosa Vinicio J.
Published: June 2024

Rodents are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of mammals in arid zones. Their population and community dynamics are closely linked to climatic factors and pulses of primary productivity activation. In the future, climatic conditions in arid ecosystems could become more extreme as a consequence of climate change, which could affect the species that inhabit these regions.

In this paper, we review the literature on the ecological response of rodents in the world's arid zones, at the population and community levels, to climatological factors (temperature and precipitation), climatic events and the possible impact of climate change.

We used the PRISMA protocol to systematically search the literature, and the “vote‐counting” method to count positive, null or negative responses of the rodents.

At the population level, rodent density and abundance responded positively to precipitation, while biomass responded negatively and reproduction responded positively to increasing temperature. At the community level, rodent density, biomass and diversity increased after rainfall. El Niño events were positively related to rodent population increases. In contrast, intense storms affected the survival of some species.

Rodents with physiological adaptations suited to living in arid areas, for example, the heteromyids, responded positively to precipitation and could suffer fewer negative ecological consequences in the future when exposed to increased temperature and changes in precipitation.
Optical flow matching with automatically correcting the scale difference of tunnel parallel photogrammetry
Authors: Li Hao , Gao Bohao , He Xiufeng , Yu Pengfei
Published: June 2024

Using parallel photography to model tunnels is an efficient method for real scene modelling. Aiming at the problem that the accuracy of optical flow matching in tunnel parallel photography sequence photos is severely affected by the scale deformation of stereo images, a novel optical flow matching method with automatically correcting the scale difference of tunnel parallel photography stereo images is proposed from the perspective of imaging relationships. By analysing the distribution pattern of scale difference in stereo images, a model is obtained in which the scale difference of image points is symmetrically distributed radially on the image and follows a power function growth. Introduce it into traditional optical flow matching to correct image scale differences based on the model to improve matching accuracy. The mean square error of the optical flow matching after correcting scale difference in the experiment is less than 0.3 pixels, which is at least 34.3% higher than before correction and a maximum improvement of 45.5% in the experimental results. The research result indicates that the proposed optical flow matching method with automatically correcting the scale difference has a significant effect on improving the accuracy of tunnel parallel photography image matching and modelling.
In pursuit of statehood: An exploration of the contentious repertoires of Biafran separatists in Nigeria
Authors: Ejiofor Promise Frank
Published: June 2024

Since Nigeria’s return to democratic governance in 1999, there have been renewed calls―predominantly amongst ethnic Igbos in southeast Nigeria―for the restoration of the defunct secessionist state of Biafra. The resurgent Biafran separatism has been explored through the prisms of relative marginalisation and material deprivation. However, some scholars have drifted away from dominant discussions on the rationale behind the re‐emergence of the secessionist agitations and instead focused on the myriad media that Biafran separatist movements utilise to make claims of self‐determination for Igbos. These scholars―typically linguists―invariably explore online activism by resorting to meticulous analysis of the discourses of pro‐Biafra separatists on the Internet. Whilst such robust discourse analyses of separatists’ speeches shed light on the discursive dynamics of Biafran separatism in contemporary Nigeria, they do not underscore the varied repertoires of collective action of Biafran separatists beyond Internet activism. This article fills this gap in the scholarly literature on resurgent Biafran separatism in democratic Nigeria. Drawing on the American sociologist Charles Tilly’s analytical framework of contentious contention and focusing on the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)―a transnational separatist movement―I argue that the various online and offline activities of Biafran separatists in the southeastern region be construed as repertoires of contention geared toward contesting the sovereignty of the Nigerian state in order to restore the short‐lived secessionist Biafran state.
Recognition of the HLA‐B*40:400 allele and its associated HLA haplotype in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: June 2024

One nucleotide substitution in codon 81 of HLA‐B*40:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐B*40:400.
Changes in brain functional connectivity and muscle strength independent of elbow flexor atrophy following upper limb immobilization in young females
Authors: Seo Freddie , Clouette Julien , Huang Yijia , Potvin‐Desrochers Alexandra , Lajeunesse Henri , Parent‐L'Ecuyer Frédérike , Traversa Claire , Paquette Caroline , Churchward‐Venne Tyler A.
Published: June 2024

Muscle disuse induces a decline in muscle strength that exceeds the rate and magnitude of muscle atrophy, suggesting that factors beyond the muscle contribute to strength loss. The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the brain and neuromuscular system in addition to muscle size following upper limb immobilization in young females. Using a within‐participant, unilateral design, 12 females (age: 20.6 ± 2.1 years) underwent 14 days of upper arm immobilization using an elbow brace and sling. Bilateral measures of muscle strength (isometric and isokinetic dynamometry), muscle size (magnetic resonance imaging), voluntary muscle activation capacity, corticospinal excitability, cortical thickness and resting‐state functional connectivity were collected before and after immobilization. Immobilization induced a significant decline in isometric elbow flexion (−21.3 ± 19.2%, interaction: P = 0.0440) and extension (−19.9 ± 15.7%, interaction: P = 0.0317) strength in the immobilized arm only. There was no significant effect of immobilization on elbow flexor cross‐sectional area (CSA) (−1.2 ± 2.4%, interaction: P = 0.466), whereas elbow extensor CSA decreased (−2.9 ± 2.9%, interaction: P = 0.0177) in the immobilized arm. Immobilization did not differentially alter voluntary activation capacity, corticospinal excitability, or cortical thickness (P > 0.05); however, there were significant changes in the functional connectivity of brain regions related to movement planning and error detection (P < 0.05). This study reveals that elbow flexor strength loss can occur in the absence of significant elbow flexor muscle atrophy, and that the brain represents a site of functional adaptation in response to upper limb immobilization in young females.
In Other Journals
Authors: Smith Jesse , Ross Sarah H. , Kelly Priscilla N. , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Hurtley Stella M. , Lavine Marc S. , Funk Michael A.
Published: June 2024

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Average nucleotide identity-based
Staphylococcus aureus
strain grouping allows identification of strain-specific genes in the pangenome
Authors: Raghuram Vishnu , Petit Robert A. , Karol Zach , Mehta Rohan , Weissman Daniel B. , Read Timothy D.
Published: June 2024

Staphylococcus aureus
causes both hospital- and community-acquired infections in humans worldwide. Due to the high incidence of infection,
S. aureus
is also one of the most sampled and sequenced pathogens today, providing an outstanding resource to understand variation at the bacterial subspecies level. We processed and downsampled 83,383 public
S. aureus
Illumina whole-genome shotgun sequences and 1,263 complete genomes to produce 7,954 representative substrains. Pairwise comparison of average nucleotide identity revealed a natural boundary of 99.5% that could be used to define 145 distinct strains within the species. We found that intermediate frequency genes in the pangenome (present in 10%–95% of genomes) could be divided into those closely linked to strain background (“strain-concentrated”) and those highly variable within strains (“strain-diffuse”). Non-core genes had different patterns of chromosome location. Notably, strain-diffuse genes were associated with prophages; strain-concentrated genes were associated with the vSaβ genome island and rare genes (<10% frequency) concentrated near the origin of replication. Antibiotic resistance genes were enriched in the strain-diffuse class, while virulence genes were distributed between strain-diffuse, strain-concentrated, core, and rare classes. This study shows how different patterns of gene movement help create strains as distinct subspecies entities and provide insight into the diverse histories of important
S. aureus
functions.

IMPORTANCE

We analyzed the genomic diversity of
Staphylococcus aureus
, a globally prevalent bacterial species that causes serious infections in humans. Our goal was to build a genetic picture of the different strains of
S. aureus
and which genes may be associated with them. We reprocessed >84,000 genomes and subsampled to remove redundancy. We found that individual samples sharing >99.5% of their genome could be grouped into strains. We also showed that a portion of genes that are present in intermediate frequency in the species are strongly associated with some strains but completely absent from others, suggesting a role in strain specificity. This work lays the foundation for understanding individual gene histories of the
S. aureus
species and also outlines strategies for processing large bacterial genomic data sets.
Facultatively intrabacterial localization of a planthopper endosymbiont as an adaptation to its vertical transmission
Authors: Michalik Anna , C. Franco Diego , Szklarzewicz Teresa , Stroiński Adam , Łukasik Piotr
Published: June 2024

Transovarial transmission is the most reliable way of passing on essential nutrient-providing endosymbionts from mothers to offspring. However, not all endosymbiotic microbes follow the complex path through the female host tissues to oocytes on their own. Here, we demonstrate an unusual transmission strategy adopted by one of the endosymbionts of the planthopper
Trypetimorpha occidentalis
(Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae) from Bulgaria. In this species, an
Acetobacteraceae
endosymbiont is transmitted transovarially within deep invaginations of cellular membranes of an ancient endosymbiont
Sulcia
—strikingly resembling recently described plant virus transmission. However, in males,
Acetobacteraceae
colonizes the same bacteriocytes as
Sulcia
but remains unenveloped. Then, the unusual endobacterial localization of
Acetobacteraceae
observed in females appears to be a unique adaptation to maternal transmission. Further, the symbiont’s genomic features, including encoding essential amino acid biosynthetic pathways and its similarity to a recently described psyllid symbiont, suggest a unique combination of the ability to horizontally transmit among species and confer nutritional benefits. The close association with
Acetobacteraceae
symbiont correlates with the so-far-unreported level of genomic erosion of ancient nutritional symbionts of this planthopper. In
Sulcia
, this is reflected in substantial changes in genomic organization, reported for the first time in the symbiont renowned for its genomic stability. In
Vidania
, substantial gene loss resulted in one of the smallest genomes known, at 108.6 kb. Thus, the symbionts of
T. occidentalis
display a combination of unusual adaptations and genomic features that expand our understanding of how insect–microbe symbioses may transmit and evolve.

IMPORTANCE

Reliable transmission across host generations is a major challenge for bacteria that associate with insects, and independently established symbionts have addressed this challenge in different ways. The facultatively endobacterial localization of
Acetobacteraceae
symbiont, enveloped by cells of ancient nutritional endosymbiont
Sulcia
in females but not males of the planthopper
Trypetimorpha occidentalis
, appears to be a unique adaptation to maternal transmission.
Acetobacteraceae
’s genomic features indicate its unusual evolutionary history, and the genomic erosion experienced by ancient nutritional symbionts demonstrates the apparent consequences of such close association. Combined, this multi-partite symbiosis expands our understanding of the diversity of strategies that insect symbioses form and some of their evolutionary consequences.
Supplemental Material: Unveiling an ignored taphonomic window in the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota
Authors: Lei Xiangtong , Cong Peiyun , al. et
Published: June 2024

Additional information on material and methods, detailed description of the musculature of a radiodont, and impact of weathering. Tables S1–S2 and Figures S1–S7.  
Implementing Dementia Care Management into routine care: protocol for a cohort study in Siegen-Wittgenstein, Germany (RoutineDeCM)
Authors: Thyrian Jochen René , Boekholt Melanie , Boes Charlotte , Grond Martin , Kremer Stefanie , Herder-Peyrounette Anja , Seidel Katja , Theile-Schürholz Anna , Haberstroh Julia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Dementia Care Management is an evidence-based model of care. It has proven its efficacy and cost-effectiveness and has been applied to different settings and different target groups. However, it is not available in routine care in Germany. The scientific evidence has influenced the National Dementia Strategy, in which one measure is to examine the possibility and requirements to implement it into routine care. The aim of this study is to implement Dementia Care Management into routine care in a selected region in Germany and evaluate the effect on participants.

Methods and analysis

For the duration of 12 months, n=90 patients and their informal caregivers with cognitive impairment are recruited in different routine settings in primary care (general hospital, physicians’ network, ambulatory nursing service, counselling service) by partners in primary care. They receive an adapted Dementia Care Management (DeCM) to the specific setting using participatory methods. DeCM is delivered by specifically qualified dementia care managers and consists of a comprehensive assessment of healthcare needs followed by algorithm-based and person-based support in healthcare planning, implementing and monitoring. The duration of the intervention is 6 months and data assessments are conducted prior to (baseline), at the end of (follow-up 1, FU1) and 6 months after the end of the intervention (follow-up 2, FU2). Primary outcomes are unmet needs at FU1 and FU2. Secondary outcomes are antidementia drug treatment, neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver burden at FU1 and FU2. Further outcomes are cognition, frailty and health-related quality of life. A separate process evaluation accompanies the implementation.

Ethics and dissemination

The Ethics Committee of University Medicine Greifswald, Germany, has reviewed and approved the study (registration number BB110/22). All participants provide written informed consent prior to participation. The results will be disseminated in regional workshops, press, online media and talks. They will be submitted to international peer-reviewed scientific journals for publication and presented at scientific meetings and conferences. Furthermore, results will be discussed with the funder and presented to the steering committee of the National Dementia Strategy.

Trial registration number

NCT05529277.
Invariant rings of the special orthogonal group have nonunimodal h-vectors
Authors: Conca Aldo , Singh Anurag K. , Varbaro Matteo
Published: June 2024

For [Formula: see text] an infinite field of characteristic other than two, consider the action of the special orthogonal group [Formula: see text] on a polynomial ring via copies of the regular representation. When [Formula: see text] has characteristic zero, Boutot’s theorem implies that the invariant ring has rational singularities; when [Formula: see text] has positive characteristic, the invariant ring is [Formula: see text]-regular, as proven by Hashimoto using good filtrations. We give a new proof of this, viewing the invariant ring for [Formula: see text] as a cyclic cover of the invariant ring for the corresponding orthogonal group; this point of view has a number of useful consequences, for example, it readily yields the [Formula: see text]-invariant and information on the Hilbert series. Indeed, we use this to show that the [Formula: see text]-vector of the invariant ring for [Formula: see text] need not be unimodal.
Profinite completion of free pro-𝒞 groups
Authors: Bar-On Tamar
Published: June 2024

We investigate the ability of a free pro-[Formula: see text] group of infinite rank to abstractly solve abstract embedding problems, and conclude that for some varieties [Formula: see text], the profinite completion of any order, of a free pro-[Formula: see text] group of infinite rank, is a free pro-[Formula: see text] group as well, of the corresponding rank.
A Brief Survey of Text Mining: Domains, Implemented Algorithms and Evaluation Metrics
Authors: Kavitha D. , Mala G. S. Anandha
Published: June 2024

Among text-oriented applications, Natural Language Processing (NLP) plays a significant role in managing and identifying a particular text data. NLP is broadly used in text mining domains as well. In general, text mining is the process of combining diverse techniques to characterise and transform the text. Hence, the syntactic information and semantic information are utilised together in the NLP model to assist the process of analysing, or extracting the text. On the other hand, the text mining model is examined by different standard measurements, which also vary concerning text objectives or applications. Due to the advent of machine and deep learning models, text mining has become the hot research area used in various domains like classification, recognition, sentiment analysis, and speech-related topics. Though the models are not time-consuming and effective, certain factors are considered for further enhancement of these models. Thus, this survey paper elucidates the evaluation metrics used in text mining approaches by deploying standard algorithms. It explores the literature work on the formerly implemented text mining approaches for analysing the evaluation metrics in text mining. In addition to this, the proposed model to perform text mining in every survey paper is analysed. Further, it provides the algorithmic categorisation of existing research works, discussion on different datasets used with the consideration of various evaluation metrics, and finally categorises the metrics used for analysing the performance of such text mining approaches. This survey work also illustrates the merits and demerits of the existing text-mining approaches. Finally, the research gaps and challenging issues are given to direct future work.
Lack of Intensity Control during an Exercise Program Is Related to a Limited Effect on Variables Responsible for Blood Pressure Regulation in Hypertensive Older Adults
Authors: Silva Roberta Fernanda da , Reia Thaís Amanda , Jacomini André Mourão , Silva Anderson Bernadino da , Disessa Henrique dos Santos , Monteiro Henrique Luiz , Zago Anderson Saranz
Published: June 2024

To compare the effect of an intensity‐controlled exercise program (ICEP) and a nonintensity‐controlled exercise program (non‐ICEP) on the variables responsible for blood pressure regulation in hypertensive older adults. 95 hypertensive older adults (65.40 ± 7.48 years/22 males and 73 females) performed hemodynamic, functional fitness, and biochemical evaluations before and after 12 weeks of the multicomponent exercises which included walking, muscle strength, hydrogymnastics, Pilates, dynamic balance, agility, flexibility, and others. A significant improvement was observed in general functional fitness index (GFFI: p ≤ 0.000, d = 0.35), nitrite (NO2−: p ≤ 0.000, d = 0.49), systolic blood pressure (SBP: p ≤ 0.000, d = 0.65), diastolic blood pressure (DBP: p ≤ 0.013, d = 0.40), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS: p ≤ 0.007, d = 0.78), activity of the endothelial superoxide dismutase enzyme (ecSOD: p ≤ 0.032, d = 0.41), double product (DP: p ≤ 0.015, d = 0.43), and waist‐hip ratio (WHR: p ≤ 0.000, d = 0.44) for ICEP. Only GFFI (p ≤ 0.047, d = 0.12), TBARS (p ≤ 0.000, d = 0.77), SOD (p ≤ 0.025, d = 0.25), DP (p ≤ 0.046, d = 0.26), and BMI (p ≤ 0.018, d = 0.02) presented better results in non‐ICEP. When the effect of the groups (controlled by age, BMI, and sex) was evaluated, an increase was observed in the NO2−, TBARS, and SOD and a reduction in the SBP and WHR variables in the ICEP group compared to the non‐ICEP group. Twelve weeks of engagement in a controlled‐intensity exercise program was enough to improve the level of functional fitness and variables regarding blood pressure regulation in hypertensive older adults. Conversely, physical exercise performed without intensity control was related to the limited effect on such variables.
Status of Soil Physicochemical Properties in Forests and Savannas Restored Using the Ecosystem‐Based Adaptation Approach in Eastern Rwanda
Authors: Nsengimana Venuste , Mukangango Marguerite , Habiyaremye Jean de Dieu , Uwiduhaye Fautine , Iradukunda Christella Suavis , Bigengimana Yvonne , Nsanganwimana Florien
Published: June 2024

The concept of soil quality was developed to describe the capacity of soil to perform ecosystem functions properly. Nowadays, soil quality is affected by climate change effects. To remediate the problem, the ecosystem‐based adaptation approach (EbA) was initiated to restore degraded ecosystems. In Rwanda, the approach was initiated in 2016 to restore degraded wetlands, savannas, and forests. However, nothing is known about how the restoration improved soil quality. This research aims to reveal the status of soil physicochemical properties in restored forests and savannas in Eastern Rwanda. Soil cores were collected and analyzed for soil pH, electrical conductivity, ammonium, nitrates, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, cation exchange capacity, structure, texture, and soil water content. Results indicated that the restored and natural forests offer better conditions of soil properties. The restored forest (plot A) had lower level of soil pH and had higher electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, calcium, potassium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity, and sandy loam soil type. The nonrestored forest (plot B) was rich in ammonium, silt, water content, and sandy loam soil type, while the natural forest (plot C) was rich in soil pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity, and soil water content and had loam soil compared to plots A and B. In savannas, all plots were similar in vegetation type and tree species. Higher levels of ammonium were found in plots A and C. The available phosphorus and potassium content was significantly higher in plot A than in the plots B and C. In all savanna plots, soil was sandy loam. Like in the forests, sodium was the same in all plots. We recommend future studies to validate these findings.