bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress Landscape of Folding Brain Serves as a Map for Axonal Pathfinding
Authors: Solhtalab Akbar , Foroughi Ali H. , Pierotich Lana , Razavi Mir Jalil
Published: September 2024

Understanding the mechanics underlying the connections between cortical folding and the development of brain connectivity is crucial, especially given that many brain disorders exhibit abnormal folding patterns and disrupted connectivity. Despite the importance of this relationship, existing models fail to explain how growing axon bundles navigate the stress field within a folding brain, or how this bidirectional and dynamic interaction shapes the resulting surface morphologies and connectivity patterns. Here, we propose the concept of “axon reorientation” in the folding brain and formulate a mechanical model to uncover the dynamic multiscale mechanics of the linkages between cortical folding and connectivity development. Simulations incorporating axon bundle reorientation and stress-induced growth reveal the potential mechanical mechanisms that lead to higher axon bundle density in gyri (ridges) compared to sulci (valleys), offering a more accurate representation than previous models. In particular, the degree of gyrification is shown to correlate strongly with the density, growth rate, and mechanical properties of underlying axon bundles. Model predictions are supported by in vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the human brain. Our findings suggest that mechanics plays a far more significant role in the healthy development of cortical folds and connectivity than previously recognized.
Impact of the 25-70 Day Intraseasonal Oscillation on Extreme Rainfall distribution over Central Africa
Authors: Tchinda Claudin Wamba
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the relationship between the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and rainfall patterns in Central Africa during the March-April-May (MAM) season. Using CHIRPS and TAMSAT precipitation data from 1983 to 2019, we analyzed the inter-annual variability of ISO spatial structure and its impact on rainfall and extreme rainfall indices. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis classified years into positive (10 years), negative (10 years), mixed (6 years), and neutral (11 years) ISO types. Composite rainfall anomalies were constructed based on these classifications. Results revealed significant inter-annual rainfall variability, with distinct spatial patterns associated with positive and negative ISO years. A significant spatial correlation (over 0.4) was found between ISO variations and rainfall, particularly in the eastern region. Analysis of the impact rate of ISO years showed a more nuanced distribution in CHIRPS data compared to TAMSAT. Extreme rainfall indices, calculated using ETCCDI methods, exhibited spatial disparities, with dry zones in the north and south contrasting with wetter coastal areas and Lake Victoria. Composite extreme rainfall index anomalies based on positive and negative ISO years demonstrated varying influences depending on the region and index. Positive ISO years generally saw a decrease in consecutive dry days (CDD) and an increase in consecutive wet days (CWD), extreme rainfall intensity (RR1, RR20, R95ptot, SDII) along the Atlantic coast and northwestern Ethiopia. Neutral ISO years often displayed opposite trends to mixed years, except for the RR1 index. Understanding these relationships is crucial for water resource management in Central Africa, enabling better forecasting and mitigation of extreme rainfall events.
Gender Differences in Psychophysiological Responses to Herbal Plant Olfactory Stimuli: An Electroencephalogram Study
Authors: Son Hyo-Jung , Park Seo Yeon , Lee Choong Whan , Park Sin-Ae
Published: September 2024

This study measured and compared the psychophysiological and psychological differences in the responses of men and women to olfactory stimuli from herbal plants. A total of 30 adult participants (mean age, 27.4 years; SD, ±8.97 years; 15 men and 15 women) were included and five different herbs were used: lavender, rosemary, sage, apple mint, and pelargonium. During olfactory activity, participants smelled each herb for 90 seconds while relying solely on their sense of smell and electroencephalography was used to measure brain wave changes. Subsequently, participants’ emotional states were assessed using the semantic differential method (SDM). The results indicated significant differences in the relative alpha, relative slow alpha, and relative low alpha frequencies in the prefrontal lobe (Fp1 and Fp2) for both genders (P < 0.05). Significant gender differences were observed in the relative beta, relative middle beta, ratio of sensorimotor rhythms-mid beta to theta frequencies in the occipital lobe (O1 and O2) (P < 0.05). The SDM results showed significant natural emotional responses in both genders after olfactory stimulation with herbal plants. Furthermore, compared with men, women exhibited more natural emotions to sage, apple mint, and pelargonium olfactory stimulation. These findings affirm the calming effects of olfactory stimulation with herbal plants for both genders, thus underscoring gender differences in preferences and psychological responses.
Comparing Drought Responses of Red Oak (Quercus rubra) and Red Maple (Acer rubrum) in Field-grown Nursery Production
Authors: Keller Sadie Q. , McCauley Dalyn , Sheridan Rebecca A. , Scagel Carolyn , Nackley Lloyd
Published: September 2024

The plant nursery industry in Oregon faces increasing challenges from climate change, particularly concerning the cultivation of shade trees grown in nursery production. Shade trees are multimillion-dollar agricultural commodity in Oregon, the number one producer of shade trees in the United States. Oak, maple, and sycamore are common examples of shade trees. Our hypothesis posited that despite being commonly cultivated together in shade-tree production blocks under similar management protocols, these trees employ distinct hydraulic strategies during growth. The aim of this research was to investigate the physiological response of Sunset Red Maple (Acer rubrum ‘Franksred’) and Red Oak (Quercus rubra) to variations in soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The research was carried out at the experimental field-grown nursery located at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center in Aurora, OR, USA. Stomatal conductance (gs) and stem water potential (ψs) were measured to assess plant responses to soil moisture and VPD. When soil moisture was abundant, average Red Oak gs was 0.26 ± 0.13 mmol·m−2·s−1, twice as great as Red Maple, at 0.12 ± 0.09 mmol·m−2·s−1. Red Oak gs was 2.67 times greater than Red Maple gs under soil moisture deficit. Similarly, at any given soil moisture content Red Oak ψs was significantly less negative (−6.22 ± 2.70 bars, n = 384) compared with Red Maple (−12.15 ± 4.45 bars, n = 384). In general, our results revealed distinct responses between the two species, with Red Maple exhibiting greater sensitivity to soil moisture and VPD compared with Red Oak. Furthermore, we observed an important correlation between VPD and maple gs, with gs, decreasing in response to increasing VPD whether soil moisture was abundant (R2 = 0.64) or lacking (R2 = 0.69), highlighting the importance of considering atmospheric moisture dynamics in plant water management strategies. These findings underscore the complexity of plant responses to drought and emphasize the necessity of informed water management practices for sustainable nursery production. This research contributes to our understanding of plant hydraulic physiology and provides valuable insights for sustainable nursery management practices, particularly in the face of climate change–induced droughts.
INTEGRATING SHARIA ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES INTO CHOCOLATE AGRIBUSINESS: A CASE STUDY OF NGLANGGERAN VILLAGE, GUNUNGKIDUL REGENCY
Authors: Daniswara Nirwasita , Miradj Moh.
Published: September 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi prinsip-prinsip ekonomi syariah dalam agribisnis cokelat di Desa Nglanggeran, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Desa Nglanggeran dikenal dengan model agribisnis yang unik dan berkelanjutan, menggabungkan pertanian kakao dengan pariwisata untuk meningkatkan pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan desain studi kasus untuk menganalisis bagaimana prinsip syariah seperti keadilan (Al-'Adl), kemaslahatan (Al-Maslahah), larangan riba, dan kemitraan (Syirkah) diterapkan dalam praktik agribisnis. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan utama dan sumber sekunder, yang berfokus pada peran kelompok tani, dukungan pemerintah, dan kolaborasi kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan agribisnis. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip syariah berkontribusi pada distribusi keuntungan yang adil dan transparan, model pembiayaan yang etis, dan praktik bisnis berkelanjutan yang selaras dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya pengelolaan agribisnis yang etis dan berkelanjutan sebagai alat pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal serta memberikan rekomendasi strategis untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan agribisnis cokelat melalui penerapan prinsip-prinsip syariah.
Kata kunci: ekonomi syariah, agribisnis cokelat, desa nglanggeran, keberlanjutan, pembiayaan islami.
 
Abstract: This study examines the integration of sharia economic principles into the chocolate agribusiness in Nglanggeran Village, Gunungkidul Regency. Nglanggeran Village is recognized for its unique and sustainable agribusiness model, combining cocoa farming with tourism to enhance local economic development. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, utilizing case study design to analyze how sharia principles such as justice (Al-'Adl), benefit (Al-Maslahah), prohibition of usury, and partnership (Syirkah) are applied in agribusiness practices. Data were collected through interviews with key stakeholders and secondary sources, focusing on the role of farmer groups, government support, and institutional collaboration in agribusiness management. The findings reveal that sharia principles contribute to a fair and transparent distribution of profits, ethical financing models, and sustainable business practices that align with community welfare. This research highlights the importance of ethical and sustainable agribusiness management as a tool for local economic empowerment and provides strategic recommendations for enhancing the sustainability of cocoa agribusiness through sharia principles.
Keywords: sharia economics, cocoa agribusiness, nglanggeran village, sustainability, islamic finance.
Assessment of water-use efficiency for enhancing urban wastewater reuse – a case of Bhopal, India
Authors: Wadwekar Mrunmayi , Kapshe Manmohan
Published: September 2024

Wastewater reuse, a known alternative, lacks strong policy and institutional framework in India. There are various non-potable uses in urban areas that can be supplemented with treated wastewater for reducing the pressure on freshwater resources. The current policies in India promote use of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation and industrial use, but they suggest no measures for reuse of the same in urban areas. The research aims to identify whether the water available in an urban area is used sufficiently and fulfils the needs of the city residents in a sustainable manner and advocates wastewater reuse as a possible option for improving its use efficiency. The study reviews the water-use efficiency of Bhopal city using performance indicators. The results suggest that Bhopal city receives enough supply for its needs; however, it is majorly dependent on its external resources. It is thus imperative that the city reuses its water efficiently and looks for wastewater as an alternative source. The research suggests a measurability framework for the local administration to set and identify targeted water use and reuse options within its periphery. The study also identifies certain shortcomings in existing policies and suggests measures to promote judicious reuse of wastewater in urban areas.
Antimony and arsenic detection: review on electrochemical biosensors and their applications
Authors: Jayakumar Nithyashree , Varghese Jereena , Biju Abinandh , Italiya Gopal , Sivakumar Nallusamy , Subramanian Sangeetha
Published: September 2024

Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) contamination poses significant health risks, manifesting in a spectrum of ailments such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and skin diseases and the development of cancer. When toxic elements enter the body through different exposure routes, they can cause serious health issues. This highlights the critical need to reduce their presence in the environment to protect public health. When detecting As and Sb in different samples, researchers prefer to use whole-cell and optical biosensors rather than electrochemical (EC) biosensors for reliable detection. Utilizing EC biosensors can significantly enhance the detection thresholds and accuracy of monitoring environmental changes. It is particularly well suited for applications requiring high sensitivity, rapid detection, portability, and cost-effectiveness. For fast onsite environmental monitoring, its portability and quick reaction times are essential. The augmentation of EC biosensors via AI integration has the potential to transform pollution detection, healthcare diagnostics, and food safety monitoring, in addition to enhancing their sensitivity and accessibility. This review highlights the potential benefits of EC biosensors and their diverse applications in environmental monitoring. It critically evaluates strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of environmental monitoring processes.
Flow measurement mechanism and hydraulic characteristics analysis of the airfoil weir-orifice facility in a rectangular channel
Authors: Sun Bin , Su Peng , Li Zhiwei , Wang Feifei , Liu Xiangyang
Published: September 2024

Experimental studies and numerical simulations are conducted on the airfoil weir-orifice facilities to find a flow measurement and control device with a stable combined outflow form and good hydraulic performance. The orifice height under the weir is changed by adjusting the chord length and rotation angle of the weir. This paper uses three airfoil weir-orifice facilities for comparative study. The facilities have three flow forms under different rotation angles and flow conditions. Orifice discharge in combined outflow form is related to weir crest height but not upstream water depth. Flow formulas for three discharge forms are derived using dimensional analysis and incomplete self-similarity theory. The results show that the relative error of the formula is within ±6.34%. The Froude number is less than 0.4 under all working conditions; the critical submerged range is between 0.7 and 0.95; and under the premise of the unified weir crest height, the head loss decreases with the increased orifice height. The hydraulic jump location analysis yields the airfoil weir-orifice facility under the combined outflow as a submerged orifice outflow, and the hydraulic jump energy cancelation efficiency under the same flow condition is consistent with the upstream water depth change trend.
Trace Elements in Medicinal Metallomics
Authors: Orlova Marina , Kalmykov Stepan , Trofimova Tatiana , Kuznetsov Dmitry
Published: September 2024

This analytical mini-review focuses on the effects of trace elements, which includes Cu,
Mn, Zn, and Se, as well as some rarer microelements, on the regulation of oxidative stress in the
body and of certain diseases associated with it. Synergism and competition between certain microelements
have been considered a hot topic in the applied molecular pharmacology of these specific
bio-effects. Some ideas for further possible directions of research are expressed. Noteworthy, metal
coordinating catalytical sites of certain enzymes function as pharmacophore-forming and connecting
nanostructures. These sites can be regarded as targets for various effectors, making them pharmacologically
significant contributors to biocatalysis.
Pan-Cancer Single-Cell Analysis Revealing the Heterogeneity of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Skin Tumors
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Zhao Zhijie , Huang Wenyi , Kim Byeong Seop , Lin Li , Li Xin , Hou Mengyuan , Li Li , Zhang Yan , Xi Wenjing , Chai Gang
Published: September 2024

Background:

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a heterogeneous group of
cells critical for the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Given their significant impact
on tumor progression, particularly in skin cancers, a deeper understanding of their characteristics
and functions is essential.

Methods:

This study employed a single-cell transcriptomic analysis to explore the diversity of
CAFs within three major types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma. We applied analytical techniques, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), pseudotime
tracking, metabolic profiling, and stemness assessment to delineate and define the functional attributes
of identified CAF subgroups.

Results:

Our analysis successfully delineated nine distinct CAF subgroups across the studied tumor
types. Of particular interest, we identified a novel CAF subtype, designated as C0, exclusive to basal
cell carcinoma. This subtype exhibits phenotypic traits associated with invasive and destructive
capabilities, significantly correlating with the progression of basal cell carcinoma. The identification
of this subgroup provides new insights into the role of CAFs in cancer biology and opens avenues
for targeted therapeutic strategies.

Conclusion:

A pan-cancer analysis was performed on three cancers, BCC, MA, and HNSCC, focusing
on tumor fibroblasts in TME. Unsupervised clustering categorized CAF into nine subpopulations,
among which the C0 subpopulation had a strong correspondence with BCC-CAF and an invasive-
destructive-related phenotype.
A Review Progress on Homoharringtonine’s Effect on Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fu Lifei , Zhou Hong
Published: September 2024

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a malignant hematologic neoplasm marked by abnormal
proliferation and infiltration of myeloid precursor cells into the bone marrow, exhibits the
highest fatality rate. Homoharringtonine continues to demonstrate efficacy and dependability in
the clinical management of AML. We have, herein, summarized a series of problems associated
with HHT in the treatment of AML, including the mechanism of action of HHT combined with
other drugs, drug resistance mechanisms, and action targets. With the emergence of drug resistance
and disease recurrence, combination therapies have become a more effective clinical drug
choice. Based on previous studies, we propose that β-catenin and GSK-3β may play a decisive
role in p-eIf4E-mediated multidrug resistance. It is necessary to investigate whether HHT can
bind to MCL-1 and downregulate its expression to overcome venetoclax’s resistance. Currently,
there is an ongoing effort to conduct further mechanistic investigations into the combined use of
HHT and other pharmaceuticals, aimed at enhancing therapeutic outcomes and addressing drug resistance
in patients diagnosed with refractory AML.
Effect of Aloe Vera against Natural and Chemical Toxicities
Authors: Shirvanian Kasra , Naghizadeh Mohammad , Vali Reyhaneh , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Aschner Michael , Ahmadian Mitra , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: September 2024

Aloe vera (A. barbadensis, A. indica, and Aloe vulgaris) is a succulent plant native to
the southeast Arabian Peninsula. Yet it’s been cultivated all over the world with widespread use in
skin products due to its natural anti-inflammatory effects because it contains alkaline phosphatases,
brady kinases, catalases, and antioxidant effects due to its high concentration of vitamin A and
E. Aloe vera has shown some anti-TNF-α and anti-TGF-β properties as well. It also has anti-oxidative
stress effects against many toxins. This review focuses on many in-vitro or in vivo studies on
numerous toxins, either natural or synthetic, and the role that Aloe vera can play in ameliorating
their effects. Aloe vera has consistently been shown to affect the MDA, GSH, and other reduction-
oxidation pathways in the cell. It has been shown to improve cell-free radical scavenging applications
and be a natural, safe, and cheap supplement to treat many toxins and toxicants.
Review of Association between Urinary Tract Infections and Immunosuppressive Drugs after Heart Transplantation
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra
Published: September 2024

Management of infections in heart transplant recipients is complex and crucial. In this
population, there is a need for a better understanding of immunosuppressive trough levels (C0), infectious
complications, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The purpose of this review was to understand
the association between immunosuppressive trough levels and UTIs after heart transplantation.
A review of scientific literature (n= 100) was conducted based on the topic of interest by
searching PUBMED.Gov (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), Web of Science, and Scopus. The
analysis of bacterial pulmonary infection required the occurrence of new or deteriorating pulmonary
infiltrates and the development of organisms in cultures of sputum specimens. The diagnosis
of UTIs was based on the result of related signs, pyuria, and a positive urine culture. The incidence
of UTIs was reported as 0.07 episodes/1000 regarding heart transplantation days. An eightfold
increase in the rate of rejection was noted in heart transplant recipients with higher variability
in tacrolimus C0. There are associations between C0 of immunosuppressive drugs and clinical presentation
of infection complications. Recipients with a low metabolism of immunosuppressive
drugs are more susceptible to infectious complications. Attention to the biology of herpes viruses,
Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
after heart transplantation are important, in which some of them are the most common pathogens
responsible for UTIs. Pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus affect all transplant recipients. Pneumonia
due to bacterial, viral, protozoa, and fungal infections, in addition to UTIs, are more specific reported
types of infections in heart transplant recipients. Bacterial infections produced by extensively
drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and non-fermenting gramnegative
bacteria were reported to increase after transplantation.
Nursing Clinical Assessment of Factors Associated with Depression in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: A Cross-sectional Research
Authors: Mukai Helena Ayako , dos Santos Ezequiel Aparecido , de Carvalho Nunes Hélio Rubens , Barbosa Guilherme Correa , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini
Published: September 2024

Background

Brazil has one of the largest older populations and people with diabetes. Non-communicable diseases account for 10.2% of hospitalisations in older people due to causes sensitive to primary care.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with depression in older people with type 2 diabetes in primary care, according to the clinical nursing judgment based on NANDA-I Taxonomy II.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of 389 older people with type 2 diabetes in primary care in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A bivariate analysis was performed to associate sociodemographic and clinical exposure variables with the outcomes of the geriatric depression scale. Only those variables associated at the level of p < 0.20 level were entered into a multiple logistic regression model.

Results

The study identified two predictive factors: adherence to medication “low to probable low” (p=0.01; OR = 2.07 [95% CI 1.18-3.63]) and probability of repeat hospitalisations (Prh) (p<0.01; OR = 2.68 [95% CI: 1.42-5.04]). Therefore, it can be concluded that these factors are significant in predicting the outcome.

Conclusion

Based on the interpretation of these factors, a cyclical procedural model has emerged that predicts and fosters depression in the population covered by primary care services, as well as signalling a risk for unstable blood glucose level and consequently a risk for metabolic syndrome and frail elderly syndrome. This is due to poor health in the community, which is related to programme failure and puts the group at risk.
Recent Advancements in Nanopharmaceuticals for Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Liew Kai Bin , Koh Ee Va , Kong Xue Er , Ismail Nurdina Aleyah , Abu Bakar Rabiatul Adawiyah , Kee Phei Er , Khalid Syed Haroon , Phang Hiu Ching
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticles have found applications across diverse sectors, including agriculture,
food, cosmetics, chemicals, mechanical engineering, automotive, and oil and gas industries. In the
medical field, nanoparticles have garnered considerable attention due to their great surface area,
high solubility, rapid dissolution, and enhanced bioavailability. Nanopharmaceuticals are specifically
designed to precisely deliver drug substances to targeted tissues and cells, aiming to optimize
therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential adverse effects. Furthermore, nanopharmaceuticals
offer advantages, such as expedited therapeutic onset, reduced dosages, minimized variability
between fed and fasted states, and enhanced patient compliance. The increasing interest in
nanopharmaceuticals research among scientists and industry stakeholders highlights their potential
for various medical applications from disease management to cancer treatment. This review examines
the distinctive characteristics of ideal nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery, explores
the current types of nanoparticles utilized in medicine, and delves into the applications of
nanopharmaceuticals, including drug and gene delivery, as well as transdermal drug administration.
This review provides insights into the nanopharmaceuticals field, contributing to the development
of novel drug delivery systems and enhancing the potential of nanotechnology in healthcare.
Nanoclay: A Novel Drug Delivery Carrier
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Sharma Pramod Kumar
Published: September 2024

Safe and clinically useful therapeutic drug delivery systems must be developed to fight
fatal diseases and disorders like cancer, hypertension, and diabetes, among others. However, these
systems face significant development challenges due to their solubility, stability, permeation, cytotoxicity,
drug entrapment, and loading issues. Imitations can be avoided by creating innovative drug
delivery systems based on nanomaterials, such as nanoclays. As layered nanostructures, nanoclays
have many advantageous qualities, such as chemical inertness, colloids (dispersed in blood plasma),
a large surface area, and viscosity. Nanoclays are qualified for use as a drug delivery carrier for
anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-diabetes medicines based on these qualities.
This book chapter discusses the evolution and use of nanoclay in drug delivery research. Clays of
various sorts (kaolinite, halloysite, and montmorillonite) have been employed to generate prolonged
and targeted drug delivery with enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics. The modified clay
demonstrated optimal drug loading, trapping, release, electrostatic interaction (van der Waals interaction),
ion exchange reaction, and immobilization. Finally, nanoclay was employed to create a
drug delivery system with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties for proteins, DNA, and pharmaceuticals.
Many earlier research investigations have also reported its usage in bio-imaging, tissue
engineering, gene transfer, and stem cell separation.
RESENSI BUKU: BAHASA, MASYARAKAT, DAN KEKUASAAN
Authors: Efendi Anwar
Published: September 2024

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ANALISIS PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA PENUGASAN DI BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS VII SMP BERDASARKAN KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Kurniasari Fitri , Suhardi Suhardi
Published: September 2024

Abstract(Title: Scientific Approach Application Analysis on Task in Indonesia Language Text Book for Seventh Grade Students Based on Curriculum 2013). This research aims to: (1) know the steps of “Scientific Approach” which are reflected on the tasks based on complete steps, (2) know the steps of “Scientific Approach” which are reflected on the tasks based on the sequence steps. The research design used in this research is content analysis. The main  instrument in this research is human instrument. The research data is collected with “simak” method with tecqnique “baca” and “catat”. The data analysis is done using distributional method with tecqnique “pemilahan” based on catagory. The research reveals two findings. First, based on the complete steps, there found complete and incomplete task step. Second, based on sequence steps, there are sequence task and not sequence task.Keyword: task, text book, scientific approach, Curriculum 2013
CERITA RAKYAT INDONESIA SEBAGAI MATERI PEMBELAJARAN BIPA: MENGUSUNG MASA LALU UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN BIPA MASA DEPAN
Authors: Kusmiatun Ari
Published: September 2024

Abstract(Title: Indonesian Folklore as a BIPA Learning Material: Embracing the Past for BIPA Learning in The Future). Learning material has always been an interesting and crucial topic in the field of BIPA. This qualitative research collected the data from observation, document, and interview. The results show that Indonesian folklore has been included in some of BIPA materials, but it has not been used optimally and proportionally as integrative learning materials. Folklore carries local wisdom of local society and can be used as integrative language learning materials, connecting language and culture. Indonesian folklore (written, oral, and/or multimodal texts) can be integrated in BIPA to discover a deeper meaning behind the folklore in accordance with the context of the community. The understanding of Indonesian folklore will help students understand Indonesian more authentically and contextually. Folklore is about the past, but it can be used as a bridge for BIPA learning in the future. Teachers need to create fun activities when integrating folklore in the classroom.Keywords: folklore, BIPA learning materials, integrative BIPA learning
BEYOND THE CODE SWITCHING IN WHATSAPP CHATS OF JAVANESE ENGLISH TEACHERS FORUM IN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Zamili Qoni'
Published: September 2024

Abstract:(Title: Beyond the Code Switching in Whatsapp Chats of Javanese English Teachers Forum in Tulungagung). Code-switching, the  alternate  use  of  more  than  one  language  in  a discourse, is one of the language phenomena that commonly happens in a communication among bilingual or multilingual people. Recently, the rapid development of technology gives significance effect to the way people communicate such as the blurring of the spoken and written distinction happened in whatsapp chats. Although whatsapp chats uses the written medium, the language used is less correct and less coherent than standard written language, making it closer to speech. It also arise code-switching phenomena among English teachers chat. This study aims to seek the teachers’ motives of producing code-switching in their utterances. 30 whatsapp chat screenshots were collected to be analyzed. Furthermore, interviews were conducted to obtain more comprehensive motives from the the Javanese English Teacher Forum members. The results show that most of teachers intentionally and consciously made code-switching for the sake of poetic (joke) and phatic functions. None of them employ code-switching for directive function. In addition, from the perspective of psycholinguistics, this phenomenon could be the result of the LTM (Long Term Memory) subconscious effect of the speakers’ cultural background.   Keywords: Code switching, Whatsapps chats, Javanese English teacher, poetic function
FILM THE ACT OF KILLING SEBAGAI WACANA ESTETIS
Authors: Kurnianta Paulus , Nursanti Emi
Published: September 2024

(Title: Film “The Act of Killing” as an Aesthetic Discourse). This study aims to elaborate how The Act of Killing comes as a aesthetic discourse. This was a descriptive qualitative study with content analysis method. The data were text (both audio and visual) in the film as well as the audience’s review about the film and the people included. The result shows that the film is an imaginative documentary. The film tries to reveal what has been hidden, the oppressed people in terms of humanitarianism, expressively and persuasively. The humanitarian side visualized was compared to the one in audience life so that they can understand complex problem on ideology. It is ‘ideology for human’ or ‘sacrificing human beings in the name of ideology (any)’. The aesthetic values in the film were emotion, beauty and understanding. The killing and torturing scenes have touched the audience’s emotion. The director’s cinematic skills to present horrible experience is the beauty making the audience close to the past. The statements related to ‘new insight’ indicate that the film is like an understanding of a past event.Keywords: The Act of Killing, discourse, aesthetic
Processing of Short-Form Content in Clinical Narratives: Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Kugic Amila , Martin Ingrid , Modersohn Luise , Pallaoro Peter , Kreuzthaler Markus , Schulz Stefan , Boeker Martin
Published: September 2024

Background

Clinical narratives are essential components of electronic health records. The adoption of electronic health records has increased documentation time for hospital staff, leading to the use of abbreviations and acronyms more frequently. This brevity can potentially hinder comprehension for both professionals and patients.

Objective

This review aims to provide an overview of the types of short forms found in clinical narratives, as well as the natural language processing (NLP) techniques used for their identification, expansion, and disambiguation.

Methods

In the databases Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, EBMR (Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews), and ACL Anthology, publications that met the inclusion criteria were searched according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for a systematic scoping review. Original, peer-reviewed publications focusing on short-form processing in human clinical narratives were included, covering the period from January 2018 to February 2023. Short-form types were extracted, and multidimensional research methodologies were assigned to each target objective (identification, expansion, and disambiguation). NLP study recommendations and study characteristics were systematically assigned occurrence rates for evaluation.

Results

Out of a total of 6639 records, only 19 articles were included in the final analysis. Rule-based approaches were predominantly used for identifying short forms, while string similarity and vector representations were applied for expansion. Embeddings and deep learning approaches were used for disambiguation.

Conclusions

The scope and types of what constitutes a clinical short form were often not explicitly defined by the authors. This lack of definition poses challenges for reproducibility and for determining whether specific methodologies are suitable for different types of short forms. Analysis of a subset of NLP recommendations for assessing quality and reproducibility revealed only partial adherence to these recommendations. Single-character abbreviations were underrepresented in studies on clinical narrative processing, as were investigations in languages other than English. Future research should focus on these 2 areas, and each paper should include descriptions of the types of content analyzed.
Assessing the Adherence of ChatGPT Chatbots to Public Health Guidelines for Smoking Cessation: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Abroms Lorien C , Yousefi Artin , Wysota Christina N , Wu Tien-Chin , Broniatowski David A
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence chatbots using generative language can offer smoking cessation information and advice. However, little is known about the reliability of the information provided to users.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine whether 3 ChatGPT chatbots—the World Health Organization’s Sarah, BeFreeGPT, and BasicGPT—provide reliable information on how to quit smoking.

METHODS

A list of quit smoking queries was generated from frequent quit smoking searches on Google related to “how to quit smoking” (n=12). Each query was given to each chatbot, and responses were analyzed for their adherence to an index developed from the US Preventive Services Task Force public health guidelines for quitting smoking and counseling principles. Responses were independently coded by 2 reviewers, and differences were resolved by a third coder.

RESULTS

Across chatbots and queries, on average, chatbot responses were rated as being adherent to 57.1% of the items on the adherence index. Sarah’s adherence (72.2%) was significantly higher than BeFreeGPT (50%) and BasicGPT (47.8%; P<.001). The majority of chatbot responses had clear language (97.3%) and included a recommendation to seek out professional counseling (80.3%). About half of the responses included the recommendation to consider using nicotine replacement therapy (52.7%), the recommendation to seek out social support from friends and family (55.6%), and information on how to deal with cravings when quitting smoking (44.4%). The least common was information about considering the use of non–nicotine replacement therapy prescription drugs (14.1%). Finally, some types of misinformation were present in 22% of responses. Specific queries that were most challenging for the chatbots included queries on “how to quit smoking cold turkey,” “...with vapes,” “...with gummies,” “...with a necklace,” and “...with hypnosis.” All chatbots showed resilience to adversarial attacks that were intended to derail the conversation.

CONCLUSIONS

LLM chatbots varied in their adherence to quit-smoking guidelines and counseling principles. While chatbots reliably provided some types of information, they omitted other types, as well as occasionally provided misinformation, especially for queries about less evidence-based methods of quitting. LLM chatbot instructions can be revised to compensate for these weaknesses.
A STUDY OF NEUTROPHIL LYMPHOCYTE-TO-ALBUMIN RATIO TO PREDICT SHORT-TERM MORTALITY IN ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: SACHIN PATIL  , KOTLI NAGARAJ  , NIVEDITA M TAYAMGOL  , HEMANTH REDDY NUKALA
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to study neutrophil lymphocyte-to-albumin ratio (NLAR) in alcohol-related liver disease patients to predict 30-day mortality and (2) to determine the optimal cutoff value of the NLAR that maximizes sensitivity and specificity for predicting short-term mortality.
Methods: A prospective study conducted at our hospital for 18 months. A total of 46 males visiting the medicine OPD and IPD were included in the study. Blood samples were collected to measure neutrophil, lymphocyte, albumin levels were measured using standard methods. Data were analyzed using appropriate inferential statistics
 Results: The majority of participants fall within the 31–40 age group (26.1%), followed by the 41–50 age group (23.9%). The majority of participants were diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver (65.2%), while alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and fatty liver disease were both observed in 17.4% of the participants. The outcomes at 30 days a significant majority of the cases resulted in death (65.2%), with only 34.8% of the cases being followed up. We observe that for NLA, the cutoff value is observed to be 19.15 with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%. There is a significant mean difference observed for Hemoglobin, total count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, urea, INR, total protein, albumin, and NLA.
Conclusion: A cutoff value of 19.15 for the NLAR is identified as highly sensitive and specific, highlighting its clinical significance as patients with an NLA ratio above this threshold have a high probability of death within 30 days.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND IMAGING FINDINGS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN
Authors: KARTHIKEYAN ANNADURAI  , JULIET ANITHA SEAN MARTIN
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze clinical features and ultrasonography (USG) abnormalities in children presenting with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP).
Methods: This was prospective observational study conducted in the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care medical college. Children between 1 and 18 years of age were included in this study. Demographic details such as age and gender were noted. History of abdominal pain, its duration, and number of episodes in past 3 months were enquired and noted. A through clinical examination including per abdominal examination was done in all cases. Basic investigations such as urine and stool analysis, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels were done in all cases. USG abdomen was done in all cases and its findings were analyzed. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Among 80 pediatric patients with RAP, boys predominated (57.50%). The mean age was similar between boys and girls, with no statistically significant difference. The most affected age group was 9–12 years. The most common frequency of pain episodes was 4 times in 3 months (46.25%), with a typical episode lasting 1–10 min (27.5%). The umbilical region was the most common pain site (25.00%). Ultrasound findings showed no abnormalities in 80% of cases, with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes being the most common abnormal finding (13.75%) on USG.
Conclusion: Although ultrasound often shows no abnormalities in children with RAP, it is a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying potential conditions needing further evaluation. Even normal results offer reassurance to parents by ruling out serious medical conditions
Afro-Womanism and the Development of Gender Consciousness
Authors: Yekini Dr Ibrahim , Hounkpe Armande M.
Published: September 2024

Afro-Womanism emerges as a critical framework that bridges the gap between traditional feminist thought and the lived experiences of Black women. By centering race, gender, and culture, Afro-Womanism provides a unique lens through which to explore both historical and contemporary gender issues. This article examines the evolution of gender consciousness through an Afro-Womanist lens, emphasizing the influence of societal norms on women of African descent. Through case studies from the 18th Century to the modern era, the article highlights how Afro-Womanism enables a more holistic understanding of gender dynamics across different cultural and socio-political contexts.
Stages of Technologies and Technical Means Development for Fertilization and Plant Protection
Authors: Tsench Yu. S. , Sidorov I. V.
Published: September 2024

The experience of technological development of our country is an important source of ideas and approaches to the further development of agriculture based on domestic equipment and technologies. The study of its evolution necessitates the using of periodization. It is currently undeveloped for chemization of agriculture, more often being replaced by a set of key dates and biographies. So, it is nesessary to develop a holistic version of the structuring of chemization history. (Research purpose) To propose and substantiate the authors’ version of Russian agriculture chemization periodization. (Materials and methods) Monographs, legal acts, collected works and publications of outstanding scientists were studied using chronological, genetic and periodization methods of historical research (Results and discussion) The proposed periodization integrates previous historical ideas and hypotheses. The chemization of Russian agriculture has more than 250 years of history, which can be divided into 6 stages: preparatory (prehistory of chemization, which has three sub-stages), formative, extensive, stabilization, intensive and decentralized. The starting point is a publication of work «On lands fertilization» by A.T. Bolotov in 1770. Currently, the prerequisites for a new stage in the development of chemization are being formed, and it main attributes are digitalization, mechanization and biologization in the highest degree. (Conclusions) The proposed approach to structuring the history of Russian agriculture chemization is useful both for researchers and for training organization. The presence of clear guidelines increases the effectiveness of studying the historical aspects of agriculture, science and technology, which are so necessary for the professional and personal development of future agronomists and engineers.
Correlación de las modalidades de homicidio con los delitos de impacto en cuadrantes atípicos de la policía nacional de Colombia
Authors: s Pérez Coronado Andrés , Madera Basilio Wendy Yohana , Cortés Torres Jhon Alejandro , Ortiz Arias Santiago , Taborda Granados Anderson
Published: September 2024

Debido a la diversidad territorial y cultural de Colombia, el comportamiento delictivo varía significativamente según el contexto geográfico en el que ocurra. Esto hace necesario que las entidades públicas encargadas de garantizar los derechos y las libertades de los ciudadanos implementen estrategias diferenciadas y focalizadas, adaptadas a las circunstancias específicas en las que se desarrollen los delitos, incluido el homicidio, que pueden estar correlacionados con otros delitos. El objetivo de este capítulo es identificar los niveles de correlación delictiva que se observan en todo el territorio colombiano. Para lograrlo, se utilizan enfoques como la identificación de interacciones espaciales, la formulación de árboles de problemas y la implementación de correlaciones de Spearman. Estos métodos permiten establecer cuáles conductas delictivas están relacionadas con la ocurrencia de homicidios y otros delitos. Como conclusión, se destaca que la actividad delictiva presenta grados de correlación con otros delitos que varían según la ubicación geográfica en la que ocurran los delitos.
Caminhos teórico-metodológicos para pesquisar comportamento ético no processo decisório de profissionais de publicidade
Authors: Hansen Fábio , Machado Toaldo Mariângela , Rabaiolli Janderle , Vinicius Mayer Lucas , Timm Cezar, Lara , Henrique Curcel Pedro
Published: September 2024

The article narrates the experience of creating the methodological protocol to investigate ethical behavior in the decision-making process of advertising professionals. Proposing to diversify research methods related to ethics in the advertising field, we planned a multi-method strategy structured into two plateaus: 1) advertising content -advertisements broadcast in the regions covered by the research in addition to ethical processes judged by Conar; 2) professionals -observation of subjects involved in advertising activity. The multimethodological arrangement articulates the Narrative Interview with Portfolio and Simulated Jury.The protocol validation test encourages the expansion of observation techniques for advertising professionals
A produção de sentidos sobre as queimadas na Amazônia e a preservação ambiental
Authors: Mainieri Tiago , Sanches Taynara
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the meaning-making process among employees of an industry that has sustainability as a corporate pillar, based on the content presented by the program Fantástico, aired by Rede Globo, regarding the Amazon fires and environmental preservation. Through a reception study with focus groups and content analysis, it was possible to observe how both individual and collective subjectivities are formed through the reception of media information, with work serving as a mediating factor. The results indicate a predominance of informative reporting in Fantástico's environmental coverage, focusing on reporting the facts and the impact of human actions on the environment, without delving deeply into the causes or long-term consequences. Another aspect raised by the focus group participants is the political bias in television coverage, which influences the perception of the fires.