bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The maize (Zea mays) desynaptic (dy) mutation defines a pathway for meiotic chromosome segregation, linking nuclear morphology, telomere distribution and synapsis
Authors: Murphy Shaun P. , Bass Hank W.
Published: May 2012

Meiosis involves a dramatic reorganization of the genetic material, along with changes in the architecture of the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. In the opisthokonts, nuclear envelope and meiotic chromosome behavior are coordinated by forces generated in the cytoplasm and transferred to the nucleus by the nuclear-envelope protein linkers SUN and KASH. During meiotic prophase I, the telomere bouquet arrangement has roles in interhomolog recognition, pairing, synapsis, interlock resolution and homologous chromosome recombination. The maize desynaptic (dy) mutant is defective in homologous chromosome synapsis, recombination, telomere–nuclear envelope interactions and chromosome segregation. A detailed three-dimensional cytological analysis of dy revealed telomere misplacement during the bouquet stage, synaptic irregularities, nuclear envelope distortion and chromosome bridges at anaphase I. Using linkage and B-A translocation mapping, we placed dy on the long arm of chromosome 3, genetic bin 3.06. SSR marker analysis narrowed the mapping interval to 9 cM. Candidate genes in this region include a PM3-type SUN domain protein, ZmSUN3. No obvious genetic lesions were found in the ZmSUN3 allele of dy, but a conspicuous splice variant, ZmSUN3-sv1, was observed in mRNA from dy. The variant message is predicted to result in the synthesis of a truncated ZmSUN3 protein lacking two C-terminal transmembrane domains. Other potential candidate genes relevant to the documented phenotypes were also considered. In summary, this study reveals that dy causes disruption of a central meiotic pathway connecting nuclear envelope integrity to telomere localization and synapsis during meiotic prophase.
Medical student rankings of proposed sanction for unprofessional behaviours relating to academic integrity: results from a Scottish medical school
Authors: Roff S , Chandratilake M , Mcaleer S , Gibson J
Published: May 2012

The General Medical Council emphasizes the cultivation of professional behaviours among medical students from early undergraduate years. Learning professional behaviours, however, is a progression and is constituted of several developmental stages. Behaving with academic integrity may be the first stage. In an educational setting, academic integrity is represented by a collection of diverse behaviours. Although there is consensus within the medical community that the absence of (or lapses in) academic integrity is unacceptable, the level of sanctions recommended for medical students is controversial. In the main, these punitive decisions over students are taken by teachers and clinicians. What sanctions would students suggest for a colleague who is academically unprofessional? This study reports the sanctions recommended by 375/700 (54%) of the students of one Scottish medical school in relation to lapses in academic integrity.
Trends in the surgical options for the treatment of menorrhagia in Scotland: examination of health episode statistics, 2000–2008
Authors: Chittenden B G , Dallas S , Jack S A
Published: May 2012

Menorrhagia is a common and important problem that has a significant impact on women's health. Menorrhagia is treated by surgical methods if primary medical methods fail. Surgical methods have changed over time and the traditional method of hysterectomy has been replaced by minimally invasive techniques. An examination of practice in Scotland suggests that minimally invasive techniques are now the most common surgical method of treating menorrhagia. Abdominal hysterectomies are still performed commonly, but the trend is towards a reduction in procedures performed annually. The changing technique of managing menorrhagia has an impact on the training of future gynaecologists.
The Blantyre bonesetter: William Rae's rise to fame and the popular press
Authors: Bovine G
Published: May 2012

William Rae (1841–1907) was a bonesetter in Blantyre near Glasgow who quietly practised and treated the local people of the region in relative obscurity. In 1904, the popular press became aware of his work, and after they printed stories of his skills and cures Rae was flocked by patients from the surrounding regions. The stories were then copied by newspapers in England, the USA, Australia and New Zealand, and Rae became internationally known. This article gives a historical look at Rae, his patients and his methods of treatment, as well as the medical views on bonesetting and this individual.
Tendon and ligament imaging
Authors: Hodgson R J , O'Connor P J , Grainger A J
Published: May 2012

MRI and ultrasound are now widely used for the assessment of tendon and ligament abnormalities. Healthy tendons and ligaments contain high levels of collagen with a structured orientation, which gives rise to their characteristic normal imaging appearances as well as causing particular imaging artefacts. Changes to ligaments and tendons as a result of disease and injury can be demonstrated using both ultrasound and MRI. These have been validated against surgical and histological findings. Novel imaging techniques are being developed that may improve the ability of MRI and ultrasound to assess tendon and ligament disease.
All-You-Can-Eat Buffet: Entry Price, the Fat Tax and Meal Cessation
Authors: Siniver Erez , Yaniv Gideon
Published: May 2012

A widespread meal-serving system commonly blamed for contributing to the obesity epidemic is the all-you-can-eat buffet, where customers can help themselves to as much food as they wish to eat in a single meal for a fixed entry price. The paper offers a rational-choice model for addressing the individual's eating dilemma in an-all-you-can-eat buffet, incorporating the motivation of getting-one's-money's-worth as a behavioral constraint on eating. Contrary to previous findings, the model reveals that the individual will not necessarily overeat beyond the point of fullness and will not necessarily increase eating in response to a higher entry price. An experiment conducted in collaboration with a sushi restaurant supports this conclusion. The paper further shows that a fat tax imposed on both buffet and a-la-carte meals will not affect buffet eating, hence subjecting all-you-can-eat buffets to the fat tax program need not be counter-effective as the literature results imply.
A Legal Cultural Analysis of Microtrade
Authors: Picker Colin B.
Published: May 2012

As a new international economic policy, microtrade will face a whole host of issues, including potential legal cultural obstacles. Those legal cultural issues will arise as a result of the different and sometimes conflicting legal cultures of the varied participants within the different fora and communities involved in microtrade from the LDCs to the NGOs to the artisans within the exporting entities. This paper identifies many of the legal cultural issues involved in microtrade, with such identification ideally then permitting the amelioration of the negative impact on microtrade of those legal cultural issues. Many legal cultural issues will be explored, including the legal cultures associated with rural communities, women, international trade law, the microtrade organization, and the legal culture associated with small entities.
Duality theory of weighted Hardy spaces with arbitrary number of parameters
Authors: Lu Guozhen , Ruan Zhuoping
Published: May 2012

In this paper, we use the discrete Littlewood–Paley–Stein
analysis to get the duality result of the weighted product Hardy
space for arbitrary number of parameters under a rather weak condition
on the product weight

w
∈

A
∞

(

ℝ

n
1

×
⋯
×

ℝ

n
k

)

$w \in A_\infty ( {\mathbb {R}}^{n_1} \times \cdots \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n_k})$

. We will show that for any k ≥ 2,

(

H
w
p

(

ℝ

n
1

×
⋯
×

ℝ

n
k

)

)

*

=
C
M

O
w
p

(

ℝ

n
1

×
⋯
×

ℝ

n
k

)

${(H^p_w({\mathbb {R}}^{n_1} \times \cdots \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n_k}))^\ast =\textup {CMO}^p_w({\mathbb {R}}^{n_1} \times \cdots \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n_k})}$

(a generalized Carleson measure),
and obtain the boundedness of singular integral operators on

BMO
w

$\mathrm {BMO}_w$

. Our theorems even when
the weight function w = 1 extend the H
1-BMO duality of Chang–R. Fefferman for
the non-weighted two-parameter Hardy space

H
1

(

ℝ

n

×

ℝ

m

)

$H^1({\mathbb {R}}^n\times {\mathbb {R}}^m)$

to

H
p

(

ℝ

n
1

×
⋯
×

ℝ

n
k

)

$H^p({\mathbb {R}}^{n_1} \times \cdots \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n_k})$

for all

0
<
p
≤
1

$0<p\le 1$

and our weighted theory extends the duality result of
Krug–Torchinsky on weighted Hardy spaces

H
w
p

(

ℝ

n

×

ℝ

m

)

$H^p_w({\mathbb {R}}^n\times {\mathbb {R}}^m)$

for

w
∈

A
r

(

ℝ

n

×

ℝ

m

)

${w\in A_r({\mathbb {R}}^n\times {\mathbb {R}}^m)}$

with

1
≤
r
≤
2

$1\le r\le 2$

and

r
/
2
<
p
≤
1

${r/2<p\le 1}$

to

H
w
p

(

ℝ

n
1

×
⋯
×

ℝ

n
k

)

$H^p_w({\mathbb {R}}^{n_1} \times \cdots \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n_k})$

with

w
∈

A
∞

(

ℝ

n
1

×
⋯
×

ℝ

n
k

)

${w \in A_\infty ( {\mathbb {R}}^{n_1} \times \cdots \times {\mathbb {R}}^{n_k})}$

for all

0
<
p
≤
1

${0<p\le 1}$

.
Cadherin-related protein 24 induces morphological changes and partial cell polarization by facilitating direct cell-cell interactions
Authors: Behrendt Marc , Krahn Michael P. , Al-Bayati Hiam , Amiri Mahdi , Rizk Sandra , Naim Hassan Y.
Published: May 2012

Cadherin-related protein 24 (CDHR24) is a potential tumor suppressor located apically as well as laterally in polarized cells. Here, the role of CDHR24 in contributing to cell morphology and polarity is examined. CDHR24 was predominantly localized at the nonattached part of nonpolarizing cells while another apically sorted protein, aminopeptidase N, was equally distributed over the plasma membrane. Furthermore, CDHR24 expression induced cell aggregation capacity, indicating direct cell-cell interaction. The transepithelial resistance, however, was elevated in polarized MDCK cells, but not in nonpolarizing CHO cells. Our data propose a model in which CDHR24 is directly involved in cell and tissue morphogenesis.
The distribution of speech errors in multi-word prosodic units
Authors: Choe Wook Kyung , Redford Melissa A.
Published: May 2012

Sequencing errors in natural and elicited speech have long been used to inform models of phonological encoding and to understand the process by which serial ordering is achieved in speech. The present study focused on the distribution of sequential speech errors within multi-word prosodic units to determine whether such units are relevant to speech planning, and, if so, how. Forty native English-speaking undergraduate students were asked to produce sentences that varied in length and in the extent to which certain phonological features were repeated (tongue twisters or not). Participants prepared their utterances in advance of speaking and were coached to be as fluent as possible once they started speaking. The goal was to ensure the production of well-structured utterances, while maximizing the number of errors produced, and minimizing the effects that excessive self-correction might have on prosodic structure. Speech errors were perceptually identified in the recorded speech and categorized. Strong and weak prosodic boundaries were prosodically transcribed in sentences with sequencing errors. Speech error patterns were found to correspond well with the boundaries of the multi-word prosodic units defined by the strong and weak prosodic boundaries. In particular, the number of sequencing errors was found to vary as a function of position within a unit such that the fewest errors were found in initial position, more occurred in early-mid position, and even more occurred in late-mid position. This pattern of increasing errors across the multi-word prosodic unit was referred to as the cumulative error pattern. The analyses also revealed a final position effect. When multi-word prosodic units occurred in utterance-initial or utterance-medial position, a disproportionate number of errors occurred in the final position of the unit. However, when the units occurred in utterance-final position, more errors occurred in late-mid position than in final position. The cumulative error pattern and final position effect are interpreted to suggest the serial activation and decay in activation of multi-word planning domains during phonological encoding.
Deg Xinag Rounding Assimilation: A case study in phonologization
Authors: Hargus Sharon
Published: May 2012

Acoustic and video evidence suggest that Deg Xinag, an Athabaskan language, contains Rounding Assimilation, rounding of schwa before a stressed rounded vowel across uvular or laryngeal consonants. Although Rounding Assimilation has received no mention in previous Deg Xinag studies, it appears to be at stage II, phonologization, in the model of sound change proposed by Hyman (1976). Data from the related language Babine-Witsuwit'en is also presented, showing an absence of Rounding Assimilation in one of the contexts where it occurs in Deg Xinag. Babine-Witsuwit'en sheds light on how and why Rounding Assimilation may have developed historically in Deg Xinag.
Comparative Genetic Mapping and Discovery of Linkage Disequilibrium Across Linkage Groups in White Clover (Trifolium repensL.)
Authors: Isobe Sachiko N , Hisano Hiroshi , Sato Shusei , Hirakawa Hideki , Okumura Kenji , Shirasawa Kenta , Sasamoto Shigemi , Watanabe Akiko , Wada Tsuyuko , Kishida Yoshie , Tsuruoka Hisano , Fujishiro Tsunakazu , Yamada Manabu , Kohara Mistuyo , Tabata Satoshi
Published: May 2012

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4X = 32) that is widely distributed in temperate regions and cultivated as a forage legume. In this study, we developed expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, constructed linkage maps, and performed comparative mapping with other legume species. A total of 7982 ESTs that could be assembled into 5400 contigs and 2582 singletons were generated. Using the EST sequences that were obtained, 1973 primer pairs to amplify EST-derived SSR markers were designed and used for linkage analysis of 188 F1 progenies, which were generated by a cross between two Japanese plants, ‘273-7’ and ‘T17-349,’ with previously published SSR markers. An integrated linkage map was constructed by combining parental-specific maps, which consisted of 1743 SSR loci on 16 homeologous linkage groups with a total length of 2511 cM. The primer sequences of the developed EST-SSR markers and their map positions are available on http://clovergarden.jp/. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed on 9 of 16 linkage groups of a parental-specific map. The genome structures were compared among white clover, red clover (T. pratense L.), Medicago truncatula, and Lotus japonicus. Macrosynteny was observed across the four legume species. Surprisingly, the comparative genome structure between white clover and M. truncatula had a higher degree of conservation than that of the two clover species.
The Development and Commercialization of Lead-Free Soldering
Authors: Suganuma Katsuaki
Published: May 2012

Early in the 1990s in the United States, a series of legislative measures were proposed for banning the use of lead for many applications in industries involving electronic solders. Although electronic solders were ultimately exempted, this argument ignited worldwide concern, and research began on the development of lead-free solders. The U.S. project, organized by the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS), was carried out from 1992 to 1996. Major electronics companies and auto manufacturers participated with several national institutes in this project.
Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics, Optical Amplification, and Lasing in Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
Authors: Klimov Victor I. , Bawendi Moungi G.
Published: May 2012

Semiconductor materials are widely used in both optically and electrically pumped lasers. The use of semiconductor quantum wells (QWs) as optical-gain media has resulted in important advances in laser technology. QWs have a two-dimensional, step-like density of electronic states that is nonzero at the band edge, enabling a higher concentration of carriers to contribute to the band-edge emission and leading to a reduced lasing threshold, improved temperature stability, and a narrower emission line. A further enhancement in the density of the band-edge states and an associated reduction in the lasing threshold are in principle possible using quantum wires and quantum dots (QDs), in which the confinement is in two and three dimensions, respectively. In very small dots, the spacing of the electronic states is much greater than the available thermal energy (strong confinement), inhibiting thermal depopulation of the lowest electronic states. This effect should result in a lasing threshold that is temperatureinsensitive at an excitation level of only 1 electron-hole (e-h) pair per dot on average. Additionally, QDs in the strongconfinement regime have an emission wavelength that is a pronounced function of size, adding the advantage of continuous spectral tunability over a wide energy range simply by changing the size of the dots.
Early Injectivity Test Helps to Understand Reservoir Performance and Connectivity
Authors: Otaibi Majid H. , Pinilla E. J. , Pardo C. H. , Alodah Meshari D.
Published: May 2012

Optimum development of a giant offshore field requires the best strategy and maximum reservoir knowledge. Any information gained in advance will improve the development strategy and allow for taking timely corrective measures to optimize production and recovery. Amongst many alternatives to get early information, a long term injectivity test is considered to be a good method to determine injection sustainability and reservoir connectivity – transmissibility. This paper presents the background and methodology to implement a long term injectivity test in an offshore field, the challenges faced during the initial phase of injection, and the preliminary results of the test in the two reservoirs included in this project.

The subject field development consists of two main reservoirs that were characterized to have a transition of the oil column from the typical Arabian Heavy medium viscosity to very Heavy Oil zone at the flanks of the reservoirs, and lower rock properties in the western flank of the field. Thus, a long term injectivity test in the field was planned to give early information on some of the identified uncertainties; its aim is to evaluate the sustainability of the injection rate at depths very close or inside the Heavy Oil zone and transmissibility towards the crestal sector of the field from the injector wells located in the western flank of the structure. Additionally, the test will allow us to evaluate the vertical communication within the shallower reservoir as we have identified two very good permeability zones separated by a very low permeability rock in between which could act as a barrier in the flanks and as a baffle in the crest under dynamic conditions.

Main drivers for these tests were:

Few wells drilled in the west sector during initial development and production period Well tests and core data indicate low permeability along the west flank Current Earth model reflects the estimated lower permeability in west flank of the field and simulation results suggest the need of many wells in this flank to compensate withdrawal rates Evaluate vertical connectivity across and within the reservoirs

Based on above, early interference tests were designed to evaluate this transmissibility and optimization of the field development including injectors’ well placement. The selected wells were proposed to get good sector coverage to better understand the reservoirs which includes two wells in the deeper reservoir and one well in the shallower one.
A Pressure Transient Approach for Dynamic Characterization of a Giant Carbonate Middle Eastern Oil Field
Authors: Guerrero Rodolfo J. , Lyngra Stig , BinAkresh Saud A. , Widjaja Danang R. , Alhuthali Ahmed H.
Published: May 2012

This paper presents a comprehensive pressure transient analyses (PTA) based dynamic reservoir characterization of a mature giant carbonate oil field. An important part of an integrated reservoir study is to reconcile differences between the static and dynamic models. In this study, a large number of well tests were analyzed and integrated with other field data. The current study highlights the paramount importance of PTA for a refined reservoir description, including permeability modeling and characterizing intersecting or nonintersecting conductive fractures and faults across the field. This well tests data review has also broadened the field dynamics understanding along with the strengths of the synergic multidisciplinary approach as the PTA data is integrated with other reservoir characterization data types.

The subject field is composed of two naturally fractured reservoirs separated by a thick non-permeable zone. The Upper reservoir is prolific, while the Lower reservoir is relatively tight and highly fractured. Early pressure data confirms communication between the two reservoirs through several large scale fractures crossing the thick non-permeable zone.

For the purpose of this study, the field has been divided into several areas, with representative well data from both the Upper and Lower reservoirs. Pressure buildups from multi-well groups, generally conducted as single-phase (before water breakthrough), were analyzed by advanced analytical and/or numerical models. The selected interpretation model was dependent on the reservoir complexities diagnosed from the derivative plots. The analyses provided valuable well parameters, such as flow capacities and productivity indices, which are critical as input for permeability modeling and simulation model history-matching. Subsequently, equally important is the detection of reservoir description events that can be observed from the PTA response, e.g., areas of inter-reservoir communication, super permeability zones or quantification of fracture characteristic parameters. The presented case study includes well examples of the major observed field reservoir features.
Potential of community prepared wooden charcoal of Assam (India) for As(III) removal through batch and continuous column studies
Authors: Ahamad Kamal Uddin , Jawed Mohammad
Published: May 2012

Groundwater is the main source of domestic water for the rural population of Assam, India, which contains arsenic (As(III)) in the range 50–200 μg L−1. The people use variants of indigenous household iron filter units fabricated using community prepared wooden charcoal (CPWC) as one of the filtering medium to remove excess concentration of Fe(II), but no efforts are made to reduce As(III) levels. The present work evaluates the potential of CPWC for As(III) removal through batch and continuous column studies. The As(III) uptake appears to be rapid in the first 60 min, and achieves equilibrium by 180 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best describes the experimental kinetics data. The Freundlich isotherm represents the equilibrium data. The continuous column studies yield decreased volume of treated water at breakthrough with increase in flow rates, whereas the volume of treated water increases with increase in bed depth. The error between predicted and experimental values of service time varies between 0.28 and 21.85%. The study indicates significant potential of CPWC for As(III) removal.
Sludge removal from primary wastewater stabilization ponds with excessive accumulation: a sustainable method for developing regions
Authors: Oakley Stewart M. , Mendonça Luciana Coêlho , Mendonça Sérgio Rolim
Published: May 2012

Wastewater stabilization ponds have long been considered a sustainable treatment option for developing regions. Sludge buildup in primary ponds is also a sustainability issue since ponds must be desludged every 2–15 years depending on their design and solids loading. Pond systems in developing regions are often designed without a desludging plan and operated without the amortized desludging cost included in the operation and maintenance budget. This paper presents a method where sludge drying within a pond is effected by rooted plants; after drying, the sludge is removed with a mid-sized excavator. The method was tested in the desludging of a primary pond in Tela, Honduras, where sludge 4 m deep was dried to a solid (TS ≈ 18%) to a depth >1 m using the wetland plant Ludwigia octovalvis. The data suggest that both evapotranspiration and drainage through the root system contributed to dewatering. The total cost in 2011 US dollars was $13,716 or $4.47 m3 removed, which was paid from the municipality's general fund without external aid. The method presented is sustainable, and serves as a model for desludging operations where excessive sludge accumulation has occurred – a likely scenario in many primary ponds in developing regions.
Heideggers posthumanismus: Die Frage nach dem Wesen des Menschen in Heideggers Marburger Vorlesungen im Umkreis vom „Sein und Zeit“
Authors: Grubor Nebojsa
Published: May 2012

Heideggers Posthumanismus sollte als Heideggers positive Lehre vom Wesen des
Menschen verstanden sein. Als Stutzpunkt von Heideggers Lehre vom
Menschenwesen sollte Heideggers Marburger Vorlesungen: Prolegomena zur
Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs (SS 1925), Die Grundprobleme der Ph?nomenologie
(SS 1927) und Metaphysiche Anfangsgr?nde der Logik im Ausgang von Leibniz
(SS 1928) dienen. Die intentionale Tranzendenz als Wesensverfassung des
Menschen sollte in ihren zwei Wesensz?gen gezeigt werden. Diese zwei
Wesensz?ge der Transzendenz sind: ihre Radikalit?t und ihre Transversalit?t.
Und mit diesen Wesensz?gen verbundene generelle, umgreifende und
entscheidende Wesensbestimmung des Menschen ist die Exzentrizit?t des
menschlichen Selbstverhalten und der Selbstbestimmung.
Virtue and eudaimonia in Rosalind Hursthouse's moral philosophy
Authors: Jovanovic Monika
Published: May 2012

When we talk about normative ethics, during the last fifty years we have been
witnessing an unexpected but, having in mind problems of traditional as well
as contemporary ethical outlooks, understandable return to Aristotle. Among
recent works that contributed to the attempt not only to revive but also to
establish the position of virtue ethics as an equal to the utilitarian and
deontological theories in the actual ethical debates, Rosalind Hersthouse's
book On Virtue Ethics is especially prominent. Rosalind Hursthouse adopts
from Aristotle not only the concept of virtue, but also the concept of true
happiness (eudaimonia), trying to stay faithful to the spirit of Aristotle's
thought. However, she understands the relation of these concepts in a
somewhat different manner than Aristotle, which results in certain structural
differences among their theories. However, in order to be able to answer the
question to what degree Hursthouse really follows Aristotle in her moral
philosophy, it is first necessary to understand what is the relation between
virtue and eudaimonia in her theory. Thus, our goal in this paper will be
partly to make more explicit and partly to amend the understanding of the
relation between virtue and true happiness which Rosalind Hursthouse merely
hints at rather than systematically develops in her book On Virtue Ethics.
Some objections to Chalmers’ solution to Frege’s puzzle
Authors: Ostojic Jelena
Published: May 2012

Chalmer?s version of two-dimensional semantics offers interesting and
original solutions to traditional problems of neo-Fregean and neo-Russellian
theories of meaning. However, I will argue that his theory is not completely
successful because it does not solve some important forms of Frege?s puzzle
(Mates? puzzle, and the informativness of identity statements with
demonstratives). First I will show that the solution to Mates? puzzle offered
by Chalmers is metalinguistic, and therefore inappropriate since it avoids
the problem which is to be solved. Next I will show that the solution makes
Chalmers break the compositionality principle, which he says he accepts, and
on which some of the main notions of his theory are based. Finally I will
point out that Chalmers? theory cannot account for the informativness of
identity statements with demonstratives, no matter whether they are
interpreted de dicto or de re.
Self portrait on both sides of Cartesian gap
Authors: Draskic-Vicanovic Iva
Published: May 2012

The article presents an analysis of philosophical importance of the
self-portrait, an artefact which has been treated as an ego - document par
excellence, document of selfawareness. The self-portrait is a product of
specific artificial process that means selfpresentation, self-creation and
self-investigation in the same time. That process is a way of visual
self-identification and self-constitution and that kind of creation forces an
author, subject of visualization, to try to stand on both sides of the
Cartesian gap - being to himself both subject and object in the same time.
The logico-epistemological nature of ontic and ontological arguments
Authors: Andjelkovic Miroslava
Published: May 2012

In the paper I explore van Inwagen?s distinction between ontic and
ontological arguments, the latter being a special case of the former. An
ontic argument proves the existence of some entity; an ontological one proves
the existence of a deity. Both are based on a single premise which specifies
a set of properties exemplified by an entity of the sort in question. This
set van Inwagen calls an ontic set, and he defines the ontic set of an
ontological argument in a way which secures the semantic validity of the
argument. I argue that an ontological argument is neither immediate nor
semantically valid, but that, contrary to van Inwagen?s contention, it is
rational to accept its conclusion. In my argument for this claim I rely on
C.I. Lewis? notions of intension and comprehension. Although I disagree with
van Inwagen?s formulation of ontic arguments, I do not reject it as a whole -
its considerable advantage is, I suggest, in blocking an objection (which
allegedly follows from Fregean semantics) that the sentence ?God exists? is
not well formed. Consequently, part of the paper is devoted to the analysis
of existential propositions. The argument I give in favour of the rationality
of believing in the conclusion of an ontological argument is based on
identifying and avoiding the step which leads to a generalization resembling
the one that generates Kyburg?s lottery paradox.
A new account of rationality and semantics
Authors: Milojevic Miljana
Published: May 2012

The aim of this paper is to show how a new outlook on human cognitive
abilities, and in accordance with this a different view of rationality, can
influence semantics and one of the most prominent debates in this field,
namely, conflict between Fregeans and non Fregean anti-indiviidualists. This
new account of rationality will help us difuse some of the main motivators
for Fregean view of semantics and it will help us in justifying non-Fregean
anti-individualism but also in eliminating some of the apparent
contradictions in Fregean anti-individualism of, e.g. Campbell and Evans. In
this attempt of bringing together some of the latest insights into human
cognition and semantics I will be dealing mainly with Jessica Brown's outlook
on motivation for Fregean sense and Ruth Millikan's embedded view on
rationality.
Effect of acute heat stress on rat adrenal medulla — a morphological and ultrastructural study
Authors: Petrovic-Kosanovic Dragana , Milosevic Maja , Budec Mirela , Koko Vesna
Published: May 2012

Isolated rat adrenal medulla was analyzed by light and electron microscope after an acute (60 min) exposure to high ambient temperature (38°C). Under these conditions there was a significant rise in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. Stereological investigation by light microscopy showed a significant decrease in volume density of cells and an increase in the interstitium. At the ultrastructural level, the profile area of cells, nuclei and cytoplasm of adrenaline cells were significantly decreased. After the heat stress numbers of resting granules in adre naline and noradrenaline cells were significantly reduced, while the numbers of altered granules and empty containers in both types of adrenomedullar cells were significantly increased.
Selected Issues Related to Funding of Czech Olympic Movement
Authors: Pacut Miroslav
Published: May 2012

Selected Issues Related to Funding of Czech Olympic Movement

Olympic movement has a long tradition in our country and in the current Czech Republic is one of the leading elements for domestic sport. Czech Olympic Committee is forced in present days to face out the some new facts concerning to the multi-sources financial flows for this organization. In this case we could mentioned join stock company Sazka and ambush marketing.
The Significance of Hepatobiliary Enzymes for Differentiating Liver and Bone Diseases: A Case Control Study from Manipal Teaching Hospital of Pokhara Valley
Authors: Mittal Ankush , Sathian Brijesh , Poudel Bibek , Farooqui Shameem Mohammed , Chandrasekharan Nishida , Yadav Shambu Kumar
Published: May 2012

Background: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a member of a family of zinc metalloprotein enzymes and is secreted mainly by the liver, bone, mucosal epithelia of small intestine, proximal convoluted tubule of kidney and placenta. High mitochondrial aspartate transaminase (AST) is seen in extensive tissue necrosis during myocardial infarction and also in chronic liver diseases like liver tissue deterioration and necrosis. Marked elevations of alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are observed with diseases that involve primarily hepatocytes such as viral hepatitis, ischemic liver injury (shock liver) and toxin-induced liver damage. Serum gamma –glutamyl transferase (?-GT) activity is mainly attributed to the hepatobiliary system and most commonly raised in alcoholic liver disease. The objective of this study is to diagnose hepotobiliary and bone diseases with the facilitation of various biochemical markers as single enzyme lacks the specificity.Materials and methods: It was a hospital based case control study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January 2010 and 31st July, 2011. The variables collected were age, gender, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma–glutamyl transferase (?-GT). The One way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical significant difference between groups. Post Hoc test LSD used for the comparison of means of control versus case groups. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance.Results: Of 1500 subjects enrolled in our study, 1200 were cases and 300 were controls. Cases were of viral hepatitis, extrahepatic cholestasis, Paget's disease and osteomalacia. The values of AST and ALT were markedly raised in cases of viral hepatitis when compared to controls, Paget's disease and osteomalacia (p=0.0001). ALP was raised in cases of Paget's disease 1434.8±219.5 (CI 1409.8, 1459.8), extrahepatic cholestasis 907.6±282.8 (CI 875.5, 939.7), osteomalacia 511.8±198.9 (CI 489.2, 534.4) (p=0.0001). ?-GT values was found to be significantly raised in cases of extrahepatic cholestasis when compared to controls (p=0.0001).Conclusion: It is not easy for clinicians to differentiate and diagnose liver and bone diseases correctly with a single hepatobiliary enzyme. Correlation of variation in several biochemical markers increases the sensitivity and specificity for segregate and identification of liver and bone diseases for proper treatment and prognosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i5.6153 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1 (5):153-59
Health Facilities Safety in Natural Disasters: Experiences and Challenges from South East Europe
Authors: Radovic Vesela , Vitale Ksenija , Tchounwou Paul B.
Published: May 2012

The United Nations named 2010 as a year of natural disasters, and launched a worldwide campaign to improve the safety of schools and hospitals from natural disasters. In the region of South East Europe, Croatia and Serbia have suffered the greatest impacts of natural disasters on their communities and health facilities. In this paper the disaster management approaches of the two countries are compared, with a special emphasis on the existing technological and legislative systems for safety and protection of health facilities and people. Strategic measures that should be taken in future to provide better safety for health facilities and populations, based on the best practices and positive experiences in other countries are recommended. Due to the expected consequences of global climate change in the region and the increased different environmental risks both countries need to refine their disaster preparedness strategies. Also, in the South East Europe, the effects of a natural disaster are amplified in the health sector due to its critical medical infrastructure. Therefore, the principles of environmental security should be implemented in public health policies in the described region, along with principles of disaster management through regional collaborations.
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activities of the Essential Oils and Crude Extracts of Euphorbia macrorrhiza
Authors: Lin Jianbo , Dou Jun , Xu Jiangling , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: May 2012

The present study aimed to examine the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils extracted from Euphorbia macrorrhiza collected from Northwest China. The major constituents of the essential oils of aerial parts and roots of E. macrorrhiza are acorenone B (16.72% and 25.80%), (+)-cycloisosativene (14.94% and 12.40%), 3a-hydroxy-5b-androstane (10.62% and 5.52%), copaene (7.37% and 6.29%), l-calamenene (4.13% and 4.65%) and β-cedrene (8.40% and 7.98%), respectively. The minor components of them are thymene, γ-terpinene, thymecamphor, α-cedrene, zingiberene, trans-caryophyllene, β-chamigrene, curcumene, pentadecane, (−)-α-muurolene, cuparene, γ-cadinene, (Z)-3-heptadecene, 1,3,7,7-tetramethyl-2-oxabicyclo(4.4.0)dec-5-en-4-one, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, γ-elixene and palmitinic acid. The antimicrobial and antitumor activitiy of the E. macrorrhiza essential oil against Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Canidia Albicans and Caco-2 cells were evaluated. Among all the tested microorganisms and Caco-2 cells, the essential oils showed the strongest inhibitory effect on Staphyloccocus aureus (MIC = 2.8 μg/mL) and Caco-2 cell (IC50 = 11.86 μg/mL), whereas no effect on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The data of this study suggested that the E. macrorrhiza essential oils have great potential as a natural medicine for microbial infections and cancers.
Chronic Effects of a Wild Green Oat Extract Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial
Authors: Wong Rachel H. X. , Howe Peter R. C. , Bryan Janet , Coates Alison M. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Berry Narelle M.
Published: May 2012

Background and aim: Preliminary evaluation of a wild green oat extract (WGOE) (Neuravena® ELFA®955, Frutarom, Switzerland) revealed an acute cognitive benefit of supplementation. This study investigated whether regular daily WGOE supplementation would result in sustained cognitive improvements. Method: A 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial of WGOE supplementation (1500 mg/day) versus placebo was undertaken in 37 healthy adults aged 67 ± 0.8 years (mean ± SEM). Cognitive assessments included the Stroop colour-word test, letter cancellation, the rule-shift task, a computerised multi-tasking test battery and the trail-making task. All assessments were conducted in Week 12 and repeated in Week 24 whilst subjects were fasted and at least 18 h after taking the last dose of supplement. Result: Chronic WGOE supplementation did not affect any measures of cognition. Conclusion: It appears that the cognitive benefit of acute WGOE supplementation does not persist with chronic treatment in older adults with normal cognition. It remains to be seen whether sustained effects of WGOE supplementation may be more evident in those with mild cognitive impairment.
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Olive Oils Commercially Available as Italian Products in the United States of America
Authors: Del Coco Laura , Schena Francesco Paolo , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo
Published: May 2012

Multivariate analysis of 1H NMR data has been used for the characterization of 12 blended olive oils commercially available in the U.S. as Italian products. Chemometric methods such as unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed good discrimination and gave some affinity indications for the U.S. market olive oils compared to other single cultivars of extra virgin olive oil such as Coratina and Ogliarola from Apulia, one of Italy’s leading olive oil producers, Picual (Spain), Kalamata (Greece) and Sfax (Tunisia). The olive oils commercially available as Italian products in the U.S. market clustered into 3 groups. Among them only the first (7 samples) and the second group (2 samples) showed PCA ranges similar to European references. Two oils of the third group (3 samples) were more similar to Tunisian references. In conclusion, our study revealed that most EVOO (extra virgin olive oils) tested were closer to Greek (in particular) and Spanish olive oils than Apulia EVOO. The PCA loadings disclose the components responsible for the discrimination as unsaturated (oleic, linoleic, linolenic) and saturated fatty acids. All are of great importance because of their nutritional value and differential effects on the oxidative stability of oils. It is evident that this approach has the potential to reveal the origin of EVOO, although the results support the need for a larger database, including EVOO from other Italian regions.
Review of the CALIMAS Team Contributions to European Space Agency’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission Calibration and Validation
Authors: Camps Adriano , Font Jordi , Corbella Ignasi , Vall-Llossera Mercedes , Portabella Marcos , Ballabrera-Poy Joaquim , González Verónica , Piles María , Aguasca Albert , Acevo René , Bosch Xavier , Duffo Nuria , Fernández Pedro , Gabarró Carolina , Gourrion Jérôme , Guimbard Sébastien , Marín Anna , Martínez Justino , Monerris Alessandra , Mourre Baptiste , Pérez Fernando , Rodríguez Nereida , Salvador Joaquín , Sabia Roberto , Talone Marco , Torres Francesc , Pablos Miriam , Turiel Antonio , Valencia Enric , Martínez-Fernández José , Sánchez Nilda , Pérez-Gutiérrez Carlos , Baroncini-Turricchia Guido , Rius Antonio , Ribó Serni
Published: May 2012

This work summarizes the activities carried out by the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) Barcelona Expert Center (SMOS-BEC) team in conjunction with the CIALE/Universidad de Salamanca team, within the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA) CALIMAS project in preparation for the SMOS mission and during its first year of operation. Under these activities several studies were performed, ranging from Level 1 (calibration and image reconstruction) to Level 4 (land pixel disaggregation techniques, by means of data fusion with higher resolution data from optical/infrared sensors). Validation of SMOS salinity products by means of surface drifters developed ad-hoc, and soil moisture products over the REMEDHUS site (Zamora, Spain) are also presented. Results of other preparatory activities carried out to improve the performance of eventual SMOS follow-on missions are presented, including GNSS-R to infer the sea state correction needed for improved ocean salinity retrievals and land surface parameters. Results from CALIMAS show a satisfactory performance of the MIRAS instrument, the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms implemented in the ground data processors, and explore the limits of spatial resolution of soil moisture products using data fusion, as well as the feasibility of GNSS-R techniques for sea state determination and soil moisture monitoring.
Pratiques juvéniles d'information : de l'incertitude à la sérendipité
Authors: Aillerie Karine
Published: May 2012

Résumé La sérendipité peut-elle être considérée comme une compétence ? À travers les propos d’une cinquantaine de collégiens et lycéens recueillis lors d’une enquête réalisée en 2008, Karine Aillerie étudie les comportements des jeunes internautes lors de leurs recherches d’information sur Internet. Loin de ressentir un sentiment d’incertitude, certains se laissent tenter par le chemin des écoliers sur les sentiers sinueux d’Internet ; d’autres au contraire ont peur de s’y perdre et n’osent s’aventurer hors des parcours balisés. Cette aptitude à accepter d’aller vers l’inconnu, à être ouvert à de nouvelles découvertes, cette ouverture à la sérendipité, raffermit ces adolescents dans une attitude de recherche plutôt que de résultats.
Remote Laser Laboratory: Lifebuoy for Laser Engineering Curriculum
Authors: Titov Igor , Smirnova Olga , Glotov Alexander , Golovin Alexander
Published: May 2012

Laboratory experience is one of the essentials of engineering curriculum and even more so for laser engineering specialities. But such experience might be hazardous both for students and for expensive equipment. This paper presents a ready-to-use solution fitting great in both e-learning and safe remote operation paradigms: Remote Laser Laboratory (RLL). Software and hardware solutions are presented. In addition, a short description of ongoing student activities within the RLL framework is given.
CNC Milling Machine Simulation in Engineering Education
Authors: Lo Valvo Ernesto , Licari Roberto , Adornetto Alessio
Published: May 2012

In this work an effective simulator for a CNC milling machine is presented. It has been developed in EMC2, a free Opens Source NC software running in Linux environment, developed by an international community. It can be installed on a common PC and is able to: control a CNC machine; read part programs; display the tool path; send instructions to the CNC machine for the cutting process. In this work a new feature has been implemented, which can both display a 3D model of the machine and simulate all the motions of the movable parts of a real 3 axis end milling machine. This simulator lets the users not only verify the toolpath but also detect any possible collision by using the very computer which controls the milling machine. This system is very efficient and easy to use as powerful tool in Engineering education.
Supporting Marketing Practices
Authors: Nasir Süphan
Published: May 2012

The concept of mobile communication has been rapidly changing all over the world and the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) business has been evolving from voice services to value added services (VAS). The rapid growth in mobile technology enables Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to provide a wide range of VAS to their corporate customers and these VAS change and transform companies’ way of doing business. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the corporate VAS of a MNO, which has gained global acceptance and recognition, as a case study in order to understand how the mobile communication changes the companies’ way of doing business. The key supporting mobile technologies, services and solutions, which are provided by the case company to its corporate customers, are reviewed in order to comprehend the mobile technologies, practices, and devices that support mobile business (m-business) and mobile marketing (m-marketing) applications.
Marketing Libraries
Authors: Solomon Ajigboye Olamidipupo
Published: May 2012

Library marketing is a relatively new concept in Librarianship in this part of the globe; therefore, this chapter looks at what librarians think about Library marketing in terms of the new terminology, such as the use of customers instead of patrons to address their user; by explaining the paradigm shift from the orthodox librarianship to the modern one. The chapter explains in detail what library marketing is all about, what the library should market, the types of marketing strategies that can be employed in the library, and finally maps out all the marketing styles that can be adopted for a successful library marketing mission.