bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting electricity consumers and consumption in 2019-2050 to prevent electricity waste and reduce use of fossil fuels
Authors: Suriyadi  , Puriza M Y , Arkan F , Yandi W , Tiandho Y , Siregar E M
Published: November 2020

Electricity demand of Bangka Belitung Islands Province from time to time always increases. This is caused by the fact that electricity has become an important part of human civilization in various fields including the fields of economy, technology, social and human culture. Electricity distribution to consumers must be optimal in accordance with the needs of the community and industry. Problems will arise if the power sent from a power plant is far greater than the demand at the load, there will be an energy waste in the electricity company and a swelling use of fossil energy as a fuel generator because most of the power plants in Bangka Belitung Islands Province use fossil energy. To avoid these problems, we need a forecast method. This study used the least square method and linear regression that produces electricity consumers and electricity consumption forecasts in Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2050 which is estimated to be 3,412554 GWh with an average increase of 3.7% every year.
Optimized configuration of photovoltaic and battery energy storage system (BESS) in an isolated grid: a case study of Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Azahra A , Syahindra K D , Aryani D R , Jufri F H , Ardita I M
Published: November 2020

Most power systems in the east of Indonesia require only small capacities which are supplied by diesel generators, especially in the area of small islands which are suitable for isolated grid. On the other hand, Indonesia has a high potential for solar energy which can be employed to supplement the power generation as well as to reduce the cost of energy (COE). However, the utilization of solar energy through the photovoltaic (PV) system might cause stability problems. The battery energy storage system (BESS) has been recognized for its capability to overcome stability issues. Still, the adoption of a hybrid PV system and BESS requires considerable capital investment, which may cause the COE to increase. This study identifies the optimal hybrid configuration of the diesel power plant, PV system, and BESS to maximize economic profit when compared to diesel power plants of an isolated grid in Indonesia. COE is used as an economic parameter to determine the most optimal capacities of the PV system and BESS. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid configuration has a lower COE compared to diesel power plants, which are below 20.81 cents USD[1].
Techno-economic analysis of remote microgrid and high voltage interconnected grid development in isolated area
Authors: Putra A Y , Sudiarto B , Setiabudy R
Published: November 2020

Seram Island is one of the thousand islands in Indonesia. Due to geographical condition, the power system in Seram Island is currently remain isolated. However, based on Electricity Power Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) 2019-2028, there are power system development plan including 150 kV interconnected grid and several medium-sized power plant in this island. Unfortunately, as demand growth is low, reserve margin in related system tend to be very high, with the average of 182% from year 2019 to 2028. With this circumstance, the development plan based on RUPTL 2019-2028 will not be viable both technically and economically. This study will analyze remote microgrid development as an alternative to high voltage interconnected grid in order to perceive optimum configuration for Seram Island. These two alternatives will be compared both technically and economically. Technical analysis will be conducted using software ETAP 12.6 to investigate power quality and system stability. For economical analysis, several economics parameter will be evaluated as well as Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) to perceive the most economically viable alternative. The result shows that remote microgrid is economically more beneficial to be developed in Seram Island, as well as complying the minimum technical requirement of local grid code.
Power system stability improvement using Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in isolated grid
Authors: Tsany F N , Widayat A A , Aryani D R , Jufri F H , Ardita I M
Published: November 2020

Rural areas and islands distant from main power grids mostly rely on diesel fuel for electricity generations, which assembles an isolated network. In eastern Indonesia, these isolated grids began to hybridize with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to reduce the generation costs. However, the penetration of solar PV systems has risen one crucial problem related to the power system stability due to its output intermittency and variability. The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be utilized as a frequency regulator so that the system stability can be maintained well. Besides, BESS can also function as an energy arbitrage so that the target of generation costs saving can also be achieved. This study analyzes the effectiveness of BESS utilization to reduce the stability issues of an isolated grid consisting of diesel generators and PV systems in eastern Indonesia by using PowerFactory software. The scenario of the daily operating pattern of each component is simulated as well by considering the optimal solar PV system and BESS capacity.
Optimization and comparative analysis for a stand-alone hybrid model of PV, wind turbine, and natural gas generator system in remote area – A case study in Belu
Authors: Kevin  , Noor V P , Jufri F H , Naradhipa A M , Utomo A R
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a hybrid model of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation based on the off-grid system for the rural area. The off-grid system is considered more suitable to be applied in the remote area since it has a lack of access to the closest grid network. Belu (9°10.5‘N and 124°59.4'E), Indonesia, is chosen particularly as the model due to its high potential resources of renewable energy. The data on wind and solar resources are obtained from Meteonorm. The system schematic consists of the wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV), battery, converter and electrical load. A small-size natural gas generator is used as the back-up. The data is processed by using HOMER Optimizer based on the derivative-free algorithm. The total Net Present Cost (NPC) and the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for the optimized system configuration are $95,828 and $0.106, respectively. The performance of the system is represented by the percentage value of the excess electricity and unmet electric load which are 13% and 0.39%, respectively. The carbon dioxide produced is only 10,070 kg/year. In general, the optimized system is much better compared to the generator-only system based on the economical, electrical, and environmental aspects.
Techno-economic analysis of hybrid Diesel-PV-Battery system and hybrid Diesel-PV-Wind-Battery system in Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho O V , Pramono N F , Hanafi M P , Husnayain F , Utomo A R
Published: November 2020

Generally, remote areas in Indonesia apply diesel power plants to provide electricity due to the high cost of grid extensions. The concern of the use of standalone diesel generators is fluctuations in the price of fuel oil, as well as gas emissions resulting from the remnants of combustion. To reduce the use of fossil fuels, it is necessary to use renewable energy which has the potential to be configured hybrid with a diesel generator. This study will discuss the techno and economic analysis of two different hybrid system configurations using the HOMER software. Those hybrid systems are consisting of diesel-PV-battery system and diesel-PV-wind turbine -battery system. There is a reduction in the cost of energy (COE) as the proposed hybrid system is compared with the existing diesel generator system. The COE of the existing system is $ 0.1968 I kWh, whereas the proposed hybrid diesel-PV-battery system and the hybrid diesel-PV-wind turbine-battery system are $ 0.1554 I kWh and $ 0.1555 I kWh, respectively. These optimized results show a reduction in fuel consumption for both hybrid systems configuration by 53.83% and 53.58% when compared to the existing standalone diesel generators. Thus, both hybrid systems have a lower Net Present Cost value of 21.04% and 20.99% when compared to the current standalone diesel generator system. On the other hand, CO2 emissions generated by the two-hybrid system configurations have decreased compared to standalone diesel generators, which were 53.83% and 53.57%, accordingly.
Magnetotelluric method aplication for conceptual modelling of geothermal system Pariangan West Sumatera
Authors: Kusmita T , Fath A M , N MZ , Joni W
Published: November 2020

Geological structures on Pariangan is influenced by the tectonic activities of the Sumatera Fault System, volcanic arc of Complex Mt. Marapi and Central Sumatera Basin, stratigraphy of this area was dominated by andesitic-basaltic lava and pyroclastic rocks (Quaternary). This study purpose to determine of geological structures, and heat source location of geothermal system in this area using Magnetotelluric Method (MT). 2-D resistivity model from MT method was combined with geological map for the conceptual models of geothermal system. Based on conceptual model, geothermal system in area was controlled by a couple of main fractures. These fractures are associated with faults in the northwest-southeast and southwest-northeast directions on geological map. It’s also influenced the surface manifestation (e.g hot springs) and alteration mineral zone. Heat source was composed by metamorphic rock (slite rock and granit rock) at 1500-4000 musl as based rock. This heat source associated with activities of MT. Marapi.
The effect of land use change to surface runoff discharge in the POMPONG watershed at Bangka regency
Authors: Pertiwi P C , Hisyam E S , Yofianti D
Published: November 2020

Changes in land use cause a reduction in water infiltration, and can cause environmental damage such as floods and inundation. Flood inundation occured freuently every year. In addition, other environment damage is a change in morphological characteristics around the river. This happened in the Pompong watershed with an area of 7,701.192 hectares located in Bangka Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of runoff coefficient (C) and total surface runoff discharge (Qp). The method used in this study is the Nakayasu HSS method with a return periode of 50 years. Land use changes were analyzed from 2009 to 2018. The result of the analysis showed that the amount of surface runoff discharge (Qp) in the Pompong watershed was strongly influenced by land use changes. The change occurred from 2012-2013 with a decrease in C value of 0.001 resulting in a Qp values of 0.943 m3/second, a C value in 2014-2015 decreased by 0.007 resulting in a Qp value of 5.395 m3/second, in 2015-2018 there was an increase a C value of 0.116 results in a Qp values of 100.512 m3/second.
The effectiveness of detention basin in Soursoup (Annona muricata L.) farming land of Selopamioro village – Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniawan R , Ngadisih  , Murtiningrum  , Gupitakingkin A , Dhiyaurrohman H
Published: November 2020

Soursop fruit is rich in health benefits. The soursop plants (Annona muricata L.) have a great potential to be cultivated in Indonesia. It requires an enough water availability in the land to optimize biomass production through photosynthesis. Soursoup farming in dry land Selopamioro Village – Bantul, Yogyakarta needs irrigation. Due to geomorphological condition, water resources for irrigation mainly from harvested rainfall in detention basin (local name “rorak’”). This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of detention basin Soursop farming land in storing the rainfall which later used them for irrigation. The material includes the coordinates of the research location, Soursop farming land boundaries, and detention basins. Furthermore, the daily climate data in the form of rainfall, temperature, net solar radiation, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity were used to calculate reference evapotranspiration. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was computed by Penman-Monteith approach. Later, it was used to determine plant evapotranspiration (ETc) using the soursop plant coefficient (Kc) from previous study. The effectiveness of detention basins was evaluated from water balance analysis. It was applied to assign annual irrigation water requirement in Soursop farming land. This study defined average ETo of Soursop farming land in Nawungan orchard was 5.0 mm/day, while the average ETc was 3.0 mm/day. There were three detention basins in Soursop farming land, laid on the upper slope and two on the middle slope. Annual irrigation water requirement was 4287 m3;. During this period, three detention basins could meet the water need of plant for 84 days. So, more detention basin should be built in Soursop farming land - Nawungan orchard.
Citrus x microcarpa bunge fruit extract as antibacterial against staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Roanisca O , Mahardika R G
Published: November 2020

Citrus x microcarpa Bunge is a plant that is used optimally by the people of Bangka Belitung known as the ‘Jeruk Kunci’. Utilization of this plant in the fruit is used as an acid enhancer in food and is made in the form of syrup. So that the jeruk kunci fruit waste is widely available and has not been utilized.based on literature, Citrus x microcarpa contains flavonoids and a monoterpeneshydrocarbon. Bioactivity which belongs asantimicrobial, antibacterial and antioxidant. Therefore, jeruk kunci fruit waste has the potential to be developed as an antibacterial herbal medicine based on literature studies. Citrus x microcarpa Bunge extract was obtained by maceration for 3 x 24 hours using ethanol solvent. Then phytochemical testing was conducted qualitatively using several reagents and quantitative phytochemical testing was carried out using functional group analysis contained in the extract uses the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) at the wavenumber region 4000-400 cm-1. Then, determination of antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion method. Based on FT-IR spectrum data analysis Citrus x microcarpa extract contains tannins. The results of antibacterial testing of Citrus x microcarpa Bunge extract obtained concentration of 20%, 40% and 60% has a relatively strong antibacterial inhibition. whereas for 80% and 100% concentrations the ability to inhibit is very strong.
Optimization of maize (Zea mays L) cultivation in post tin mining land
Authors: Lestari T , Apriyadi R , Hartina
Published: November 2020

Post tin mining land can be used as agriculture land with ameliorant application and plant spacing modification. This research aimed to study the ameliorant type and plant spacing that affects the growth and yield of maize in post tin mining land. This research was conducted in Post-Tin mining land, Bangka, from February to May 2020. This research used Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was ameliorant application consisted of Topsoil (K1), N, P, K + Topsoil (K2), Block compost of cassava peel waste + Topsoil (K3). The second factor was plant spacing (30cm x80 cm (J1); 50 cmx60 cm (J2); 70 cmx40 cm(J3)). The result showed that ameliorant application gave a significant effect on the growth and yield of maize parameters in post tin mining land. Plant spacing gave the best effect on cop production/ha, dry seed weight, and dry seed production/ha. NPK + Topsoil ameliorant with 30 cm x 80 cm plant spacing gave the best interaction on leaves number, cop diameter, and dry seed weight of maize in post tin mining land.
The amelioration of tin tailings with arbuscular mychorrizal fungi and liquid biofertilizer for pepper cultivation
Authors: Inonu Ismed , Nurtjahya Eddy , Sumalia
Published: November 2020

The sand tailings from tin mining activities, which is low productivity, could be improved for plant cultivation by ameliorating with materials which contains mutual microorganisms. The aims of this research were to investigate the influences of arbuscular mychorriza dosages and liquid biofertilizer concentration on the growth of pepper in tin tailings media. This research was conducted to determine the effect of mycorrhizal dosages and biofertilizer concentration on the growth of pepper at sand tailings media in polybags. It was conducted at the Experimental and Research Station of Bangka Belitung University, Bangka. This study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was mycorrhizal dosages (0; 10; 20 g/plant), and the second one was liquid biofertilizer concentration (0;1;2;3 mL/L). The pepper growth variables were observed at 16th weeks after planting. The results showed the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizae dosage was significantly influences on plant’s height, stem diameter, number of internode, number of leaf, total leaf area, and percentage of infected root. Amelioration of 20 g/plant arbuscular mycorrhizae was the most effective for pepper growth. Biofertilizer concentration was no significantly influences on all of the variables. Combination of 10 g/plant arbuscular mycorrhizae and 2 mL/L of biofertilizer gave the highest pepper stem height, and combination of 20 g/polybag of mycorrhizae and 2 mL/L of biofertilizer showed the widest of pepper leaf area on sand tailings media.
Hydroxyapatite from natural sources: methods and its characteristics
Authors: Afriani F , Siswoyo  , Amelia R , Hudatwi M , Zaitun  , Tiandho Y
Published: November 2020

Hydroxyapatite is widely known as bioceramics with excellent biocompatibility. Also, hydroxyapatite has biodegradable properties that can support the bone therapy process and can be applied as a bone scaffolds. In recent years, the preparation of hydroxyapatite from natural sources is exciting to be developed. This is because, natural resources, especially in the form of waste, are very abundant and can produce hydroxyapatite with good osteoconductive properties. In this review article, we conducted a study related to the comparative preparation methods and characteristics of hydroxyapatite derived from natural waste such as eggshells, animal bones, and cockle shells. Some of the main characteristics reviewed include crystal characteristics, particle size, and morphology of hydroxyapatite particles.
Development of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) dictionary and checklist for safety planning on dam construction project
Authors: Pradika P A , Latief Y , Muslim F , Riantini L S
Published: November 2020

As one of the essential infrastructures needed for water resources, dam construction project requires comprehensive planning and effective standardization to accommodate the needs during the construction process. Also, the construction plan should be developed to minimize failures that can cause work accidents or other safety issues. Therefore, the development of WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) is a vital component in the planning process. In supporting these, a WBS dictionary and checklist are also needed to support the planning and control process of the project. Studies have found that these documents provide the details of deliverable, activity, and schedule information of each WBS components of the project. Also, these can be used for safety planning due to the hierarchy structure of each work package, hence making it easier for safety planning in each activities. This study was conducted by expert validation method through a semi-open questionnaire and analyzed using a descriptive statistical analysis method. The results of the study are the WBS dictionary and checklist for dam construction project, that can be the guideline for its safety planning. The study had also found the details of the construction method and resources for every work package in the dam construction project.
Geostatistical Modeling of Cassiterite in Merawang District, Bangka Regency
Authors: Amelia R , Guskarnali
Published: November 2020

The impact of tin mining not only removes soil fertility but changes existing landscapes and ecosystems. It also produces tailings and large openings (pit) in the post-mining land. As shown by the visualization of land tones and topography in Merawang District, Bangka Regency, which was damaged by active mining. Based on the visualization of the baseline, this area has unique sand characteristics and contains cassiterite minerals and is of economic value. For this reason, this study aimed to look at the distribution patterns of cassiterite minerals that existed at six post-mining land sites in Merawang District based on the sand characteristics at these locations. In this case, the sand sample is tested using XRF Portable, so that it produces cassiterite content, namely Tin (Sn), Zircon (Zr), Titanium (Ti), and Sulfur (S). Based on the geostatistical method the best model of anisotropic semivariogram, there is a relationship between post-mining locations and the distribution of the cassiterite mineral content is more to the northwest of Merawang District. The estimated pattern of distribution of these four minerals provides an overview that can minimize environmental damage due to mining activities in Merawang District, Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia.
Characterization of chemical content tailings sand and water from the tin post-mining in Merawang Subdistrict, Bangka Regency
Authors: Guskarnali  , Mahardika R G , Sandy B D A
Published: November 2020

The characteristics of the six sand samples taken from the location of the former tin mining land on average contain heavy metals such as Ti, Sn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cu, and As. Nb rare earth metal contains all sand samples except PDTF 1. The highest content is in the PDTF 2 sample which is 103 ppm. While the Y metal content is found in samples of PDTF 2A, 3, 3A, and 4. The highest content for Y metal is in the sand sample PDTF 3A with levels of 59 ppm. The largest metal content of the six samples is generally iron (Fe) and followed by sulfur (S). There are only a few samples that contain element V, namely in samples 2A, 3A and 4. The highest Fe content is in the water sample PDTF 2A which is 0.953 mg / L. This value is not much different from the Fe content in the PDTF 1 sample (0.923 mg / L). Sand samples in PDTF 3 A have the highest Fe content but water close to the PDTF 3A sampling location has the lowest Fe content compared to the other five samples.
An alternative policy of livestock farmers’ empowerment towards environmental vision
Authors: Yulia  , Bahtera N I , Herdiyanti  , Hayati L
Published: November 2020

Livestock is one out of five agricultural sub-sectors. The livestock farmers in South Bangka face the difficulty in ensuring the availability of skilled manpower in livestock farming. The objective of the study is to understand the socio-economic of livestock farmers and to analyse the alternative policy related to the environmental vision through livestock farmers’ empowerment. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to analyse the data using SWOT analysis in determining the alternative policy on the livestock farmers’ empowerment in visioning the sustainable environment. The study discovered that although multi-ethnic society remained, the horizontal conflict was never revealed. The majority of livestock farmers were at low socio-economic status households. It suggested that the policymaker should design the livestock farmers’ empowerment towards the environmental vision by providing environmentally friendly livestock production. The program can vary such as modernizing the livestock breeding system, increasing the added value, creating ecotourism in grassland conservation, and forming the ecotourism guide.
Framework of life cycle assessment on nutmeg syrup processing
Authors: Trisna  , Muhammad  , Saptari M A
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to design the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework on two methods of the nutmeg syrup production process. The difference between those two ways based on how to eliminate tannin in nutmeg flesh, namely: using a salt solvent and albumin. There are three environmental impacts considered in the framework: gas emissions, noise levels, and human energy consumptions. Nutmeg syrup processing has a long process that each step consists of several activities which require resources, including humans, raw materials, water, energy, machine, and tools. The environmental impact needs to be measured for the sustainability of the industry. The stages carried out in this study, including field observations, data collections, establishing LCA framework based on ISO 14044 involving defining goal and scope, identifying inventory analysis, assessing environmental impacts, recommendations for reducing environmental impacts. This LCA framework can be used as the basic to carry out LCA on nutmeg syrup production. A decision-maker can use that LCA result to choose the best production process to reduce environmental impact so they can produce an environmentally sustainable industry.
An analysis on the impacts of load types, load capacities installed and power generated by the inverter towards disturbance on an on-grid solar power plant
Authors: Gusdhi R R , Sudiarto B
Published: November 2020

Research regarding 9-150 kHz disturbance keeps increasing in the last few years, there are numerous reasons for this occurrence, including: the rise of the usage of electronic device that can generate high frequent disturbance such as fluorescent lights and solar inverters, PLC utilization used for communication on 9-150 kHz frequencies, and lastly the emergence of reports on disturbance impacts. In consideration of the rise of solar inverter usage in the last few years, this paper focuses research accounting impacts of load type, capacity, and power supplied by the inverter to disturbance in the 9-150 kHz frequencies. The system is connected with PLN, hence its categorization as ON-Grid. For power measurement facilitated with the PQA, and disturbance with the picoscope, which results are turned to frequency domain to ease the analysis. The results of the research show that the linear load of incandescent light bulb and nonlinear CFL bulb have similar trends. When the load capacity is increased, generated disturbance also increases linearly, a corresponding thing happening to power increase supplied from the inverter. The higher the power supplied from the inverter, the bigger the disturbance generated in the system. Both trends ensue on incandescent light bulb loads and fluorescent bulbs.
Application of energy management system in auxiliary power consumption at combined cycle power plant
Authors: Pratama M A , Sudiarto B
Published: November 2020

Reliability and efficiency are a power-plant’s commitment to the government in anticipating and overcoming the threat of energy crisis and the environmental impact of energy consumption. The demand for a highly-efficient operation has sparked competitions among power generation industries. The Energy Management System was adopted to evaluate the energy consumption for powering-up electrical equipment in a power plant operation. It is also defined as in-house usage. This study was conducted to analyse Energy Management System compatibility in combined-cycle power plants, utilising Pareto Diagram to discover the most significant consumption of electrical equipment, resulting in the likelihoods of energy and cost savings. This study proposed a mathematical opportunity of saving 342 MWh energy and boosting revenue by 410 million Rupiahs or 28 thousand US Dollars in one year.
Particulate air pollution in Indonesia: quality index, characteristic, and source identification
Authors: Istiqomah N A , Marleni N N N
Published: November 2020

The growth of urbanization, industrialization, and economic development in many areas in Indonesia contributes to the rise of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere. PM is strongly correlated with the severe air pollution that can lead to several health problems and early mortality. Other than continuous concentration monitoring, a good understanding of chemical characteristics and sources of PM is important for effective management and mitigation of air pollution. The aim of this study was to summarize the spatial distribution of the PM (PM2.5 and PM10) concentration level, chemical characteristics, and sources apportionment in several cities in Indonesia based on systematic Scopus and Google searches for the period of publication year between 2008 to 2019. The studies of 10 cities showed most of the cities’ PM2.5 and PM10 average concentration have exceeded the annual average standard of both Indonesian regulation and WHO standards. Generally, traffic emissions were the majority sources, followed by biomass burning and dust emission. Forest and peat fires did contribute to high biomass burning emission in the downwind cities. The findings help to give the image of the status and the nature of particulate air pollution problems in Indonesia. Current issues and future research needs were also discussed.
Politics of environmental law in relation to mining in Bangka Belitung: A mapping
Authors: Haryadi D , Ibrahim  , Darwance
Published: November 2020

Legal policy is an official policy that is enforced by either adding new laws or by replacing old laws with new ones in order for a country to accomplish its goals. In environmental context, attention to legal policy becomes crucial, especially when associated with massive mining that takes place in some areas. In other words, mining activity in all its forms and operational methods is bound to be influenced by government’s environmental policies, including those in the form of laws and regulations. Since environment and mining affect each other, they are inseparable. The substances of environmental policies affect policies in the mining sector. Hence this normative study aims to do a mapping of environmental policies in regards to tin mining in Bangka Belitung. The data collection technique employed in this qualitative study was literature review, with laws and regulations as its primary data. This study used two approaches, namely statute approach and conceptual approach.
Acceleration model for tourism industry recovery based on environment post COVID-19
Authors: Zukhri N , Rosalina E
Published: November 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit the tourism industry globally. Bangka Belitung Islands Province, which has established the tourism sector as one of the leading sectors in moving the regional economy. It felt a significant impact due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to create a model of acceleration. When the condition of the recovery of the post-COVID-based environment tourism industry. in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The study used in this paper is qualitative. By using three data collection techniques, interviews, observation, and documentation. The selection of studies is based on the consideration to be able to dig up information in more detail. So that a model can be produced. It can acceleration the environment-based tourism industry in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The findings of this study have produced a model that is used in two stages when surviving and actuating. The model that can be used when surviving is the “New Normal” health protocol. In this concept, the promotion used is online and offline. By using the services of influencers, travelers. At the time of actuating a sustainable tourism model. It uses IT that is connected to all parts involved in the tourism industry.
Impact of adoption of agricultural extension services on farm households food security in Cameroon
Authors: Ngomi C S T , Fadikpe A A A , Ngaba M J Y , Chen QP , Nfonbeu M F M , Yang JZ
Published: November 2020

Improving farmers’ welfare has been the concern of the government and international donors in sub-Saharan Africa and particularly in Cameroon. Encouraging farmers to adopt agricultural extension services is one of the most important measures implemented to improve the rural farmers’ welfare situation. Thus, the main aim of our study is to assess the impact of the adoption of agricultural extension services on the welfare (food security) of smallholder rural farmers in the Centre region of Cameroon. Our study employs the endogenous switching regression model to account for both selection and endogeneity bias on survey data obtained from two divisions in the Centre region of Cameroon. Using Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) as a measure of our food security access indicator, results suggest that adoption of agricultural extension services significantly reduces the HDDS of farmers’ households by 0.267 points at 5 percent significance level. This result demonstrates that adopting agricultural extension services doesn’t improve the diversity of nutritional intake by rural farm households thereby suggesting the benefits obtained from income does not always lead to the consumption of diverse nutritional food. Given that food security has no standard measurement, extension services adoption could, however, improve other aspects of food security.
Exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 pollutants significantly affect the diversity and quantity of lung microbiota in a rat model
Authors: Wu Xiuli , Weng Zheng , Wen Song , Li Cunya , Li Xiaoyu
Published: November 2020

To investigate the microbial alteration of the lung in rats after the traffic-related PM2.5 exposure, thirty female rats had exposed to traffic-related PM2.5 and normal air for 17 days, the microbial changes were identified by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The pathological structure and the microbial diversity of lungs in exposure groups were significantly changed. The most dominant phylum in lung microbiota changed from Firmicutes to Proteobacteria. Also, Sphingomonas was identified as the key differential bacterium between the exposure and control groups. The results suggest that traffic-related PM2.5 can affect the distribution of lung microbiota and may cause damage of the lung tissues and function.
Analysis on the main controlling factors of water-flowing fracture evolution in deep-buried and thick bedrock
Authors: Zheng Chao , Yu Lan , Sun Ning
Published: November 2020

The study on the evolution and development law of mining disturbed overlying rock fissures is the basic theory for mine water prevention and gas drainage. In order to reveal the evolution law of water conducting cracks in bedrock after deep burial, through the in-situ measurement of mining cracks in overlying strata in Huanglong mining area, the structural characteristics of overlying strata are calculated and analyzed by using key layer theory. It is found that the development height and shape of mining fissures are controlled by 8 direct influencing factors such as mining thickness and 10 indirect influencing factors such as subsidence space, in which mining size and roof overburden structure are the main control indexes. The development pattern of mining fracture is “trapezoid”. For the structural characteristics of roof overlying strata, this paper puts forward the ratio of soft rock proportion coefficient and permeability coefficient in the key layer load layer based on the key layer theory, which plays an important role in the actual development height of mining fissures and the incidence of water inrush.
Effects of water-saving technology application, disaster type and occurrence stage on disaster area of cotton field
Authors: Yu Yawen , Wei Jingzhou
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the application of water-saving technology, types of agricultural disasters and disaster stages on the affected area of cotton field by using the survey data. In this study, bootstrap method was used for quantile regression analysis of cotton disaster area. Four quantiles were selected in the analysis, which was 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.90. The results were compared with those of OLS regression analysis. The results indicate that the application of drip irrigation water-saving technology and the increase of irrigation expenditure have obvious negative correlation with cotton disaster area. Wind disaster, hail disaster, rain and waterlogging, drought, freezing damage and insect pests have obvious positive effects on the affected area of cotton, and the disease has no significant impact on the affected area of cotton field because of its strong controllability. The results of the study estimated the impact of water-saving technology and disaster types on cotton field disaster area in detail.
Study on the influence of temperature differences in the tunnel on ventilation system energy consumption
Authors: Zhu Yusheng , Zheng Guoping
Published: November 2020

The formula of the atmospheric pressure difference caused by the temperature difference in the tunnel and the environment outside the tunnel was established in this paper based on the Clapeyron equation to study the influence of the temperature difference between inside and outside the tunnel on the energy consumption of the ventilation system. Then, a scaled-down model tunnel is established. The air inside the model is heated by electric heating, the temperature and velocity of airflow along the center of the tunnel model are measured in detail, and the atmospheric pressure difference and wind speed in the model tunnel with different slopes are discussed. The results indicate that the tunnel has an obvious natural ventilation effect under specific temperature difference between inside and outside, and it becomes better as the slope increases. The shaft-type natural ventilation can promote the overall tunnel ventilation, and making full use of natural wind can save 15% of the energy consumption of mechanical ventilation.
Pollution source analysis and treatment strategy of intensive waste
Authors: Chen Lanyun , Wu Shuanglei
Published: November 2020

Intensive waste pollution is one of the main causes of serious pollution in many important water sources, and waste disposal has become an urgent problem to be solved. Controlling intensive waste pollution and carrying out the resource utilization of organic waste is the main way to solve my country’s environmental pollution problems. This paper examines the possible impact of intensive waste on the environment, and analyses the main methods of waste treatment measures and resource utilization, their effects and existing problems. Studies have shown that the adoption of waste treatment measures supported by modern biotechnology and engineering technology, the comprehensive utilization of waste resources based on the production of organic fertilizers and biofuels, and the establishment of a virtuous cycle of ecosystems will help promote sustainable development, improve the ecological environment and human settlements.
Variation laws of water content of lake silt in the process of flocculation concentration dehydration
Authors: Zheng Lixiang , Guo Zhongquan , Cui Dongfeng , Zhang Jun , Xu Xibo
Published: November 2020

In order to address the issues regarding the high water content, poor dewatering performance, and occupied space of landfill, the physical property tests and experiments on the lake silt samples were conducted. The effects of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), lime dosage, and dehydration time on the dehydration performance indexes such as the concentration ratio, the water content, and the decreasing ratio of water content of the lake silt with the initial water content of 91% were investigated. The results revealed that the concentration ratio reached 3.6 times when the dosage of CPAM was 40mg/L, and the water content decreased to 70% and the decreasing ratio of water content decreased to 29% after dehydration for 10min. The concentration ratio was about 2.6 times when the dosage of lime was 3.8g/L, and the water content decreased to 73% and the decreasing ratio of water content decreased to 24% after dehydration for 10min. The variation laws of water content of the lake silt with initial water content of 91%, 85%, and 80% after flocculation concentration dehydration was studied based on the concept of the decreasing ratio of water content. It was concluded that the decreasing ratio of water content was independent of the initial water content. It was only significantly proportional when the dosage of CPAM was 15∼45mg/L and lime was 1∼7g/L. The linear constant depended on the intrinsic properties of the lake silt. According to the variation laws of the water content and the water-hinge hypothesis, the calculation formula of the water content was proposed and the mechanism of critical addition value breaking the silt hinge in flocculation concentration dehydration was formulated.
Load calculation and effect of deformation observation around Mudanjiang seismic station
Authors: Li Jiye , Qin Liyan , Ma Longchen , Ma Baojun
Published: November 2020

With the acceleration of urbanization, the impact of human production and life on the earthquake observation environment is increasingly prominent. In order to study the influence of the construction of buildings (structures) around the observation station on the geophysical observation data, taking the deformation observation vertical pendulum tiltmeter and cavern strain gauge of Mudanjiang Seismic Station as examples, through field verification, inspection of instrument and equipment working state, environmental interference and meteorological factors, it was found that the construction time and direction of the southeast residential area of the observation station were related to the abnormal characteristics. In this study, based on the principle of superposition of normal concentrated force point load on the surface of semi-infinite body, the load change caused by the construction of station surrounding engineering was quantitatively calculated, and the influence degree of load was analyzed, which would provide support for further clarifying the interference source.
Research on development mode of characteristic towns in China from perspective of production of space
Authors: Tian Meiling
Published: November 2020

The development of characteristic towns is a systematic process with many subjects and elements. The production of space of characteristic towns is the process of reshaping the space of the town through various factors and finally forming various characteristic industries based on space. Based on the analysis of the concept of the production of space of characteristic towns, the pattern of manifestation of the influence of spatial production on local characteristics is summarized as the production of physical space, the production of industrial space, the production of cultural space, the production of community space and the production of market space. Then according to the pattern of manifestation of the production of space of characteristic towns, the development mode of characteristic towns can be divided into natural capital mode, industrial capital mode, cultural capital mode, community capital mode and market demand mode. Therefore, take the two batches of 403 national characteristic towns announced by the ministry of housing and urban-rural development as an example, the paper analyzes the utilization of the production of space combined with each town’s own characteristics industries, and explores the development law of characteristic towns in China. The result shows that, the quantity of characteristic towns is in the order of Western China, Eastern China, Central China and Northeast China in terms of region, the quantity of characteristic towns is in the order of cultural capital mode, natural capital mode, industrial capital mode, market demand mode and community capital mode in terms of the development mode, and the cultural capital mode has an absolute advantage, the community capital mode is quite different from other modes.
Research on land use efficiency of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Wang Wan , Dong Fan
Published: November 2020

The improvement of urban land use efficiency is of great significance for achieving high-quality economic growth and environmental sustainability. Based on the SBM-Undesirable model, the land use efficiency of 27 cities in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration was measured in 2005-2016, and the reasons of land use efficiency losses are also analyzed. Considering the status and differences of land use, the environmental-friendly recommendations in the region are put forward. The results show that during 2005-2016, the average land use efficiency of 27 cities in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration was 0.79, which was low in general but showed a “W” type fluctuating trend. The development of urban economy should not rely too much on the increase in land input and the expansion of urban boundaries but should turn to the improvement of the efficiency of stock land.
The water stability research of the rubber powder-modified asphalt mixture
Authors: Sun Jie , Lv Xi , Zhang Yao , Yang Jing
Published: November 2020

In recent years, research shows that crumb rubber modified asphalt can not only improve the pavement performance, but also reduce the pollution of waste tires. Therefore, based on the freeze-thaw test, the influence of hydrogen peroxide, rubber powder mesh number and rubber powder content on the stability of rubber modified asphalt mixture is studied. The results show that when the rubber powder content is 21% and the number of rubber powder mesh is 60, the rubber powder modified asphalt mixture has good stability, and hydrogen peroxide can improve the water stability of rubber powder modified asphalt mixture.
Ecological risk analysis of heavy metals in farmland soil based on Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Zhu Huina , Xing Weiqin , Zhang Liangbo , Zhang Baozhong , Shi Fan , Li Liping , Chen Hanyu
Published: November 2020

This study is aimed to analyze ecological risk for heavy metals in farmland soil. In order to solve the problem of uncertainty in the risk assessment process, the potential ecological risk analysis based on Monte Carlo is established. The evaluation results showed that the probability of As belonging to low risk level was 100%; that of Pb belonging to low risk and medium risk were 34% and 66%; that of Cd belonging to extremely high risk and high risk were 97.44% and 2.56%. The risk of the three heavy metals was ranked as Cd > Pb > As. The probability of total risk belongs to extremely high risk and high risk was 99.48% and 0.52%. The method established in this study can reduce the error caused by a small sample. This study can put forward an objective evaluation methodology for the risk management of farmland pollution by heavy metals.
The research on the effect of different of straw instead of nitrogen fertilizer on soil fertilizer efficiency
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Zhe , Li Yaning , Zhang Chen , Li Guodong
Published: November 2020

To look for alternative fertilizer products, the application of wheat straw was explored in different forms instead of chemical fertilizer. The N, P, K, organic matter, humus, pH, germination rate in soil were determined to observe the effect on soil fertility. The results indicate that biochar had the best effect on soil fertility when straw was returned to the field in different forms; the effect of biochar on increasing the content of soil organic matter and humus was more obvious than the nitrogen fertilizer; biochar has little difference in total potassium; biochar has the most obvious effect on increasing the content of total nitrogen and available phosphorus. As a new type of fertilizer, biochar can replace chemical fertilizer which causes damage to soil environment. Biochar has the ability of fixing carbon and can slow down the greenhouse effect.