bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing post-partum women’s choice of an implantable contraceptive device in a rural district hospital in South Africa
Authors: Potgieter Francois , Kapp Paul , Coetzee Francois
Published: October 2020

Background: A single-rod subdermal contraceptive implant containing 68 mg of etonogestrel, ImplanonNXT®, was introduced to the South African healthcare system in 2014. Initially the new device was well received but later uptake tapered off. A need was identified to determine the factors that influence women’s choices with regard to the use of ImplanonNXT® in order to improve its uptake. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence women’s choice of ImplanonNXT®.Method: A qualitative study was performed, using semi-structured interviews to explore patients’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding ImplanonNXT®. Ten patients were interviewed at Knysna Hospital.Findings: There was confusion amongst women about the harms and benefits of using ImplanonNXT® and it became apparent contraceptive counselling during pregnancy greatly affects the choices they make. Other factors that influenced the participants’ choice with regard to contraception included social influences, preference for familiar methods and the side effect profile of the various options. Perceptions of the adverse side effects of the implantable device added to confusion and fear of this method, which influenced women’s ideas about the use of ImplanonNXT®. Poor communication and reluctance from clinic staff to discuss ImplanonNXT® during antenatal visits contributed to poor knowledge about the implantable device and its side effects.Conclusion: Clearer communication during antenatal visits with pregnant women may address some of the fears and beliefs that surround its side effects, workings and efficacy. The fear of possible side effects should be a focus for counselling and education, as it predominantly contributes to women’s confusion and fear of the device. Further research is needed to address this as well as evaluate if interventions such as better counselling and a dedicated team approach can change the attitudes and beliefs of post-partum women towards the ImplanonNXT® device in the South African district health system.
Management of paediatric asthma
Authors: Green R. J.
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Ophthalmic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Van Eyk A. D.
Published: October 2020

Conjunctivitis is a common eye condition involving inflammation and in some instances infection of the conjunctiva. In the majority of cases it is caused by adenoviruses and, to a lesser extent, bacteria. Conjunctivitis can also occur secondary to Chlamydial and Gonococcal infections and new-born infants can acquire it during the birthing process from infected mothers. Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster are the infective organisms also responsible for conjunctivitis while seasonal pollens are usually the cause for allergic conjunctivitis. Common symptoms and signs are redness, tearing, oedema of the eyelids, sensation of a foreign body and it may be accompanied by itching. Most often a purulent discharge and adherence of eyelids at awakening are indicators of a bacterial infection. Most of the uncomplicated acute cases are self-limiting. There is however a challenge in distinguishing between the various types of conjunctivitis due to the similarity in the symptoms and due to a lack of tests and prediction algorithms, thus antibiotic therapy is often incorrectly initiated. Treatment of acute uncomplicated conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses and bacteria is mostly symptomatic. Topical eye drops and ointments are preferred to oral agents in the treatment of more severe bacterial and allergic conjunctivitis while oral agents are used in the treatment of conjunctivitis caused by Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The Truth
Authors: Ellis Chris
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
The management of snakebites in South Africa
Authors: Govender I. , Tumbo J.
Published: October 2020

Snake bites are common in southern Africa especially in the rural and remote areas. Although all snake bites are not venomous, people bitten by venomous snakes require urgent medical attention and many will require antivenom. In the healthcare facility, the type of toxin may be identified by the wound and presenting clinical features which then should be managed appropriately.
Focus on: Orphenadrine citrate as a muscle relaxant
Authors: Steyn L.
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
The perceptions of general practitioners on National Health Insurance in Chris Hani district, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Gaqavu Mthetheleli Mbongeni , Mash Robert
Published: October 2020

Background: National Health Insurance (NHI) intends to provide universal health coverage to all South Africans, with equity and quality as its tenets. The participation of private general practitioners (GPs) in NHI is essential. The aim was to explore perceptions of GPs on NHI in Chris Hani district, Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews of 12 GPs from six municipalities was undertaken. Data analysis used the framework method assisted by Atlas.ti software.Results: GPs in Chris Hani district felt that NHI would improve health and benefit society and be of particular benefit to poor and rural people as it will improve access to healthcare. Lack of governmental administrative capacity and a human resource plan were seen as barriers to implementation. They believed that NHI would benefit them through a single purchaser system and support more comprehensive care. GPs were concerned about a lack of information on primary care packages, accreditation, remuneration and patient allocation. They thought that NHI might disadvantage solo GPs. NHI implementation could be improved by actively engaging with GP organisations. Improvement of existing government health facilities and continued medical education were seen as possible ways to better implement NHI.Conclusion: GPs in this study were generally positive about NHI and thought it would benefit both patients and providers. However, they had concerns regarding the capacity of government to implement NHI and the implications for solo GPs, and needed more information. Government needs to actively engage GPs.
Factors associated with clinical outcomes among neonates admitted with acute bilirubin and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathies at a tertiary hospital in south-west Nigeria
Authors: Ogunfowora Olusoga Babatunde , Ogunlesi Tinuade Adetutu , Ayeni Victor Ayodeji
Published: October 2020

Background: Babies who are delivered outside hospital are most at risk of serious illnesses such as perinatal asphyxia and severe hyperbilirubinaemia. These conditions are major contributors to neonatal mortalities in resource-poor settings.Objective: To explore the relationship between pre-admission and intra-facility care and immediate outcomes among neonates with acute bilirubin and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathies.Methods: Using a retrospective design, the outcome of outborn babies with acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) were studied in a Nigerian hospital between 2012 and 2016.Results: A total of 40 and 80 babies with ABE and HIE were studied. Among babies with ABE, 67.5% arrived at the hospital on self-referral and of the babies with official referral, only 61.5% had had a serum bilirubin check prior to referral. Among the babies with ABE, 25.0% had both social and facility-related challenges, 45.0% had only facility-related challenges and 20.0% had only social challenges. All the babies with ABE who died had either social or facility-related challenges. For the babies with HIE, 56.2% came on self-referral while 70% received no care prior to presentation at the hospital. Some 40% of babies with HIE had both social and facility-related challenges while 12.5% had only facility-related challenges. None of the babies who died presented early. Comparable proportions of babies who died or survived had social challenges and facility-related challenges.Conclusion: Most of the outborn babies with HIE and ABE who arrived at the hospital on self-referral and facility-based care were hindered by social issues and facility-related challenges.
Rhinosinusitis and allergy: a relationship of random meetings
Authors: Wolmarans D. , Steyn S. F. , Brand L.
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
Gardening as a prescription
Authors: Ellis Chris
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
Management of the patient with chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) in a primary health care context
Authors: Govender I. , Okonta H. I. , Rangiah S. , Nzaumvila D.
Published: October 2020

This paper describes the incidence of chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD), the risk factors, staging, investigations and management of COPD. The differential diagnosis for COPD is also presented as COPD can be confused with other clinical conditions. This paper is presented in practical terms for the clinician working in a primary health care context.
Nationwide Comparison of Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes in Endometrial Cancer Patients Undergoing Robotic, Laparoscopic, and Open Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Eoh Kyung-Jin , Nam Eun-Ji , Kim Sang-Wun , Shin Minkyung , Kim Stella J-H , Kim Jung-Ae , Kim Yong-Tae
Published: October 2020

PurposePopulation-based comparisons between minimally invasive surgery (MIS) (robotic surgery [RS] and laparoscopic surgery [LS]) and open surgery (OS) for managing endometrial cancer are lacking. This study aimed to compare surgical and oncologic outcomes between endometrial cancer patients who underwent surgical staging via MIS or OS.Materials and MethodsA population-based retrospective cohort study was performed using claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance database from January 2012 to December 2016. All patients who underwent hysterectomy under diagnosis of endometrial cancer were identified. Patients were classified into RS, LS, and OS groups. Operative and oncologic outcomes were compared among the three groups after adjustments for age group, risk group (adjuvant therapy status), modified Charlson comorbidity index, income level, insurance type, and index year using propensity scores obtained via the inverse probability of treatment weighted method.ResultsAfter adjustment, 5,065 patients (RS, n=315; LS, n=3,248; OS, n=1,503) were analyzed. Patient demographics were comparable. Hospital stay, postoperative complications, and cost were more favorable in the RS and LS groups than in the OS group (all p < 0.001). Five-year overall survival was significantly longer in the RS and LS groups than in the OS group (94.8%, 91.9%, and 86.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). Moreover, the survival benefit of RS was shown in the subgroup analysis of low-risk endometrial cancer patients.ConclusionOur study provides further evidence for the RS being a safe surgical alternative to the LS and OS, especially in low-risk endometrial cancer patients, offering surgical and oncologic outcomes equivalent to other surgical approaches.
Random veering triangulations are not geometric
Authors: Futer David , Taylor Samuel J. , Worden William
Published: October 2020

Every pseudo-Anosov mapping class

\phi

defines an associated veering triangulation

\tau_\phi

of a punctured mapping torus. We show that generically,

\tau_\phi

is not geometric. Here, the word "generic" can be taken either with respect to random walks in mapping class groups or with respect to counting geodesics in moduli space. Tools in the proof include Teichmüller theory, the Ending Lamination Theorem, study of the Thurston norm, and rigorous computation.
Singular Value Decomposition in Sobolev Spaces: Part II
Authors: Ali Mazen , Nouy Anthony
Published: October 2020

Under certain conditions, an element of a tensor product space can be identified with a compact operator and the singular value decomposition (SVD) applies to the latter. These conditions are not fulfilled in Sobolev spaces. In the previous part of this work (part I) [Z. Anal. Anwend. 39 (2020), 349–369], we introduced some preliminary notions in the theory of tensor product spaces. We analyzed low-rank approximations in

H^1

and the error of the SVD performed in the ambient

L^2

space. In this work (part II), we continue by considering variants of the SVD in norms stronger than the

L^2norm. Overall and, perhaps surprisingly, this leads to a more difficult control of the

H^1

-error. We briefly consider an isometric embedding of

H^1

that allows direct application of the SVD to

H^1$-functions. Finally, we provide a few numerical examples that support our theoretical findings.
Space Vector Transients of Three-phase Transformers
Authors: Bellan Diego
Published: October 2020

This paper is devoted to the transient analysis of three-phase transformers by means of the space vector tool. Space vector definition is based on the Clarke transformation, operating in the time domain. Thus, the space vector is better suited to transient analysis when compared with approximate approaches based on the phasor symmetrical-component transformation. Space-vector equivalent circuits are derived for three-phase transformers with Wye and Delta connections. A case study, consisting in the transient due to a capacitor bank insertion, shows that the proposed space-vector approach can clearly evidence the asymmetrical transient behavior of the phase variables in terms of different peak levels and oscillations amplitude.
Editorial
Authors: Gomberg Felipe
Published: October 2020

Televisão, música, cinema, literatura, consumo, jornalismo, teoria da comunicação. São muitas as palavras-chave que compõem o universo deste número 36 da Alceu – Revista de Comunicação, Cultura e Política do Departamento de Comunicação Social da PUC-Rio. Além dessa diversidade de conteúdos, ao final do volume somos brindados com o dossiê Debord, que oferece as exposições de colóquio por ocasião dos 50 anos de A Sociedade do Espetáculo, a grande obra do filósofo francês Guy Debord (1931-1994).
Modeling Institutional Reengineering for Inclusive Development (IRID) in Africa
Authors: M. Woldegiorgis Mesfin
Published: October 2020

Inclusive development is a newly emerging notion that is gaining substantial attention, especially in international civil societies. The aim of this study, therefore, is to discuss the drivers of inclusive development in Africa, paying special attention to the political economy and structural change variables. Ordinary Least Squares regression is run in STATA 14 to test if there are statistically significant correlations between the five-year average scores of inclusive development index (IDI) as an endogenous variable and (proxies of) the five-year trend in economic growth, technology, structural change, trade, and political economy as exogenous variables. The panel data are pooled from 21 African countries among which 9 countries are landlocked. The regression is run in two scenarios. As an alternative scenario, IDI is pooled from the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2017 report and used as a dependent variable. In the other scenario, IDI is computed by incorporating variables relevant to the African context then used as a dependent variable. In the IRID customized version, the five-year trends of GDP, health facility, the institutional and structural change variables viz. democracy and employment opportunity in the industry sector are statistically significant determinants of inclusive development. Accordingly, an inference is drawn claiming that inter alia a nation is as prosperous, inclusive and resilient as the quality of its governance institutions and enforcement capability. This is in line with the conventional thought in African studies which claim that a natural resource endowment per se is not the sole determinant of development. Finally, to anchor IDI with a pragmatic paradigm, a three-stage institutional reengineering model is proposed which could be applied in different development governance endeavors.
Innovating Teacher Pre-Service Education in Bahrain: An International Partnership Model
Authors:   Bahrain Teachers College, University of Bahrain, Bahrain., Bailey Lucy
Published: October 2020

This chapter reports on the process used to develop a revised curriculum for initial teacher education in the Kingdom of Bahrain, using this case-study institution to reflect on the evolving nature and purpose of teacher preparation in the twenty-first century (McMahon, Forde & Dickson, 2015), and the drivers and impediments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to ensuring that teacher education programs keep abreast of wider social change. The chapter, therefore, contributes to the burgeoning literature analyzing the worldwide evolution of teacher education (Tan, Liu & Low, 2017). The chapter begins by explaining the reasons underpinning a proposed revision of the Bachelors in Education (BEd) programme. It next reports on the process that was adopted to undertake the curriculum revision, arguing that the concepts of ―policy borrowing‖ and ―policy learning‖ are both problematic, and suggesting that these should be replaced by the idea of ―institutional partners‖. The chapter subsequently examines how potential tensions between local and global practices were leveraged in the revision through this partnership model. This case study in the development of a pre-service teacher education curriculum is of interest to international scholars as it explores the place of teacher education in both driving and reflecting social change, and it raises questions about how competing conceptualizations of teacher education reflect contrasting visions for society (Säfström & Saeverot, 2017). Interweaving sociological and philosophical perspectives on teacher education and development, this chapter will be of interest to curriculum developers, teacher educators, and teacher practitioners alike.
Will the Increasingly Globalized Knowledge Base for Educational Leadership Increase the Professional Status of the Field?
Authors:   Bahrain Teachers College, University of Bahrain, Bahrain., Purinton Ted
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This chapter examines the global applicability of the knowledge base in the field of educational leadership from the lens of occupational professionalization. Design/Approach/Methods: Abbott‖s (1988) model of field professionalization is applied to the work of educational leadership as it pertains to a potentially universal knowledge base for efficacious practice. Findings: The knowledge base for the field of educational leadership has already demonstrated international appeal. But from a theoretical perspective, bolstered by still early empirical findings, the work of educational leadership will struggle to reach the purest form of sociological professionalism. The work of educational leadership is often tied to social and political values that do not persist across international borders. Originality/Value: As empirical research in the field of educational leadership grows on an international level, the field must articulate how such knowledge can be utilized in policy and academic preparation programs.
Is it Training or Professional Development? Towards an Alternative Approach in Professional Growth for EFL/ESL Teachers
Authors:   Bahrain Teachers College, University of Bahrain, Bahrain., Mohsen Al-Wadi Dr. Hasan
Published: October 2020

Teacher education nowadays enjoys a high priority for officials and decision makers within the education sector in general and the field of English language teaching in specific. The understanding and determination of the main elements that constitute a particular teacher education programme for language teachers, such as the approach, structure and content is fundamental when designing any teacher education programme for novice language teachers to be qualified to perform sufficiently in the profession. This paper presents a critical review of the main approaches in the in-service programmes as a one type of the teacher education programmes in relation to the main concepts ―training‖, ―development‖ and ―education‖, with a special reference to the reality of teacher education programme for English language teachers in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The paper also offers an alternative approach with its elements for English language teachers‖ training and development.
Professional Learning Communities Approach: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors:   Bahrain Teachers College, University of Bahrain, Bahrain., Al Mahdi Osama
Published: October 2020

Over the last decades researching and developing teachers‖ professional development frameworks and practices had underwent a paradigm shift. This shift was driven by the complexities of teaching and learning requirements, an increased necessity for reforming educational systems, and more need for accountability and quality outcomes (Vescio, Ross & Adams, 2007). The main feature of these new approaches is that they shift professional development beyond merely focusing on a teacher‖s simple attainment of knowledge and skills to a framework that requires teachers to deeply reflect on their own practices, to innovate new classroom pedagogy, and authentic understanding and expectations of student outcomes (Darling-Hammond & McLaughlin, 1995).These new approaches of teacher professional development include a variety of practitioner-based activities such as: peer observation and assessment, working cooperatively on shared projects such as curriculum development or strategy planning, engaging in lesson study groups, conducting action research, and participating in individually guided activities such as online distant learning or academic higher educational programs. When teachers engage in professional development activities that entail sharing questions, finding answers, experimenting practical actions and engaging in a productive dialogue, this may promote their sense of belonging as knowledge workers in their professional learning communities, and this would support them in achieving their learning and teaching goals which would reflect at the end on their students‖ knowledge, skills and values (Al-Mahdi, 2019a, Al-Mahdi, 2019b, Al-Mahdi & Al-Wadi, 2015). This chapter aims to explore professional learning community as an innovate approach in teachers‖ professional development and discuss possible ways for implementing it in Bahrain Teachers College, University of Bahrain. The following sections will focus on: defining professional learning community, characteristics of a professional learning community, leading professional learning community, international research on professional learning communities, professional learning communities research in GCC countries, and reflections on the educational context in Bahrain and implications for policy and practice.
Applied Artificial Intelligence – Making AI Work for Consumers as a Core Business Component
Authors:   Department of Informatics, Umeå University, 9018 87 Umeå, Sweden, Wiberg Mikael
Published: October 2020

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now rapidly being applied in our society. While the breakthrough of AI in terms of its use and its applicability on a societal level has in fact been repeatedly announced since the mid 1950s, is now truer than ever. As recently acknowledged, AI has now, after three waves of developments, finally left the research labs and entered real-world contexts. Accordingly, and as AI is now increasingly and widely applied, we suggest that it is now time to address issues related to “Applied Artificial Intelligence” (AAI). In this paper we propose this term, and we define it as the study, design, development, implementation and use of Artificial Intelligence technologies to address real-world problems. In this article we present how AI has developed over the past few decades, and across three waves of developments, and we illustrated Applied Artificial Intelligence by presenting our e-Biz corp case where a global actor is now using AI as a core component of their online business. We conclude this article with a set of recommendations for moving forward with Applied Artificial Intelligence, and we present the main contributions offered by our work to the growing body of research on how to make use of AI.
Big Data and Data Analytics in Agricultural Space: Towards Sustainable and Intelligent Agro Sector Development
Authors:   Executive Director, MCIS, Department of CIS, Information Scientist (Offg.), Raiganj University, India., Paul P. K. , Bhuimali Anil ,   Vice Chancellor, Raiganj University, West Bengal, India., Sinha R.R. ,   Pro Vice Chancellor (Asian Region), Commonwealth Vocational University, Kingdom of Tonga., Tiwary K.S. ,   Dean (Science & Management), Raiganj University, West Bengal, India., Baby Pappachan ,   Head (Asian Region), Ballsbridge University, Commonwealth of Dominica., Rajesh R. ,   Principal, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology (RCET), Kanyakumari, TN, India.
Published: October 2020

Agriculture has become important for each and everyone for its importance in the daily lives. Cultivation and farming is most important and valuable in our life as it is needed for all of us. Furthermore it is essential to have better healthy agricultural systems and in this context Agricultural Informatics play a leading role. Here proper mechanism is very important in healthy and modern agricultural systems and development and for this various initiatives and methods are useful and enhancing. There are rapid changes and growth in respect of the support of various technologies which help in modernizing agricultural production and systems like genetic engineering and technologies, computing and information technology, nano-science and technology, Management Science etc. The combination of Information Technology and Agricultural Sciences has led to the developed the Agricultural Informatics. Agricultural Informatics is simply IT applications in Agriculture and allied areas with its various components. Though in recent past more emerging technologies of IT are enhancing the traditional growth of the Agricultural Informatics and among the technologies important are Big Data and Analytics, AI & Robotics, Cloud Computing & Virtualization, Internet of Things etc. And among these, Big Data and Analytics is emerging and changing the entire arena of the Agricultural Informatics with its periphery and functioning. As the data is changing and rapidly growing therefore, Big Data and Analytics is the solution for managing data effectively with large amount and also the complex data. This paper is theoretical and various aspects of Agricultural Informatics are mentioned such as features, applications and specially the impact of Big Data and Analytics. The Paper is also focused on possibilities of Big Data and Analytics in Agricultural Informatics with challenges, issues etc.
A cobrança pela utilização exclusiva de faixa de domínio de rodovias estaduais por prestadores de serviço de energia elétrica
Authors: Dos Santos Baptista Diogo
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho explora as razões jurídicas em torno da cobrança pela utilização exclusiva de bens públicos por prestadoras de serviços públicos, especificamente pelo uso de faixa de domínio de rodovia estadual por prestadores de serviço de energia elétrica. Após considerações acerca da exploração de bens públicos, serão analisados os fundamentos que levaram os tribunais superiores a decidirem pela impossibilidade de cobrança para, em seguida, realizarmos uma análise crítica com apoio na literatura sobre o tema.
Discapacidad motora y la rehabilitación desde los ambientes virtuales basados en Kinect
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Panamericana, Molero Suarez Luis Guillermo , Ospina Rodríguez Pablo Emilio ,   Fundación Universitaria Panamericana, Ayala Escobar Elisabeth ,   Fundación Universitaria Panamericana, Lozano Rojas Hernán Darío ,   Fundación Universitaria Panamericana
Published: October 2020

El presente estudio tiene como propósito conocer los avances de la rehabilitación apalancada con aplicaciones bajo realidad virtual para personas con discapacidad motora, se desarrolla un estudio documental con diseño bibliográfico, transeccional utilizando las categorías discapacidad motora, realidad virtual y rehabilitación asistida por la tecnología, para construir una matriz de análisis sobre la base de las teorías planteadas por Guzmán & Londoño (2016), Rigueros (2017), Hurtado, Aguilar, Mora, Sandoval, Peña & León, 2012, entre otros. Dentro de los hallazgos se presentan un conjunto de dispositivos vinculados con aplicaciones de juegos que funcionan como generadores de ambientes controlados de realidad virtual aumentada y controladores físicos que permitirían a los programadores establecer los contactos con la persona con discapacidad motora y facilitar la rehabilitación, lo que permite concluir existen muchas opciones para mejorar la calidad de vida de una persona con discapacidad motora, recuperando esas habilidades y procesos tanto motores como funcionales que dentro de las terapias de rehabilitación convencional es lento, pero con el uso de la tecnología se aminora el tiempo y la calidad del proceso.
Efectos del cambio climático sobre las tasas de transporte de sedimentos en grandes ríos: una revisión
Authors:   Universidad de Cundinamarca, Lugo José Luis , Lugo Elkyn Rafael ,   Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Burgos Vergara Javier ,   Universidad del Sinú, Crespo Tovar David Andrés ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Castro Mercado Jonathan ,   Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Published: October 2020

La respuesta de la descarga de agua y sedimentos de río al cambio climático y a la actividad humana es un tema que ha despertado mucho interés en todo el mundo; sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios se han enfocado principalmente en las actividades humanas, especialmente en la construcción de presas, que se ha identificado como la causa principal de la tendencia decreciente en las cargas de sedimentos de los ríos; adicionalmente analizar los factores que afectan el transporte de sedimentos (cambio climático y diversas actividades humanas) en grandes ríos es difícil y se requiere de análisis complejos para su determinación desde un enfoque holístico. Es por ello que el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura científica sobre las implicaciones que tiene el cambio climático en las tasas de aporte de sedimentos en grandes ríos, así como su relación con otros factores que también afectan el transporte de sedimentos. Esta investigación permitió concluir que es importante analizar el cambio climático de manera simultánea e integrada con el desarrollo de actividades humanas en cuencas hidrográficas (como por ejemplo: agricultura, construcción de presas, turismo, embalses, entre otras), ya que se han presentado casos de estudio en los cuales la afectación de las tasas de transporte de sedimentos ha sido más influenciada por el uso de suelo (como por ejemplo: la construcción de presas), que por el cambio climático, que aunque este último es evidente, muchas veces su análisis individual no representa bien su grado de incidencia sobre el transporte de sedimentos, ya que al no analizar las actividades antropogénicas, en especial en cuencas muy ocupadas y/o gestionadas con programas de conservación de agua y suelo, se correría el riesgo de tener errores muy altos en las estimaciones realizadas.
A hagyományos, kézműves, helyi vagy eredeti élelmiszerterméket előállító vállalkozások piaci és marketing sajátosságai – egy Dél-Dunántúli hentesáru kisvállalkozás példáján
Authors: Vörös Mihály László , Egyed Szilárd
Published: October 2020

A helyi, rövid élelmiszerláncok témakörében végzett kutatások tanúsága szerint a hazai élelmiszerfogyasztók között növekszik az a réteg, amely egyre fontosabbnak tartja a minőségi jellemzők között a termékek hagyományos előállításmódját, származását, de emellett a termelővel való közvetlen kapcsolatot is. A hazai élelmiszerpiacon tehát egyre nagyobb a létjogosultsága a hagyományos, tájjellegű valamint a helyben termelt vagy feldolgozott kézműves termékeknek. A régióban előállított élelmiszerek különleges minősége, termelési hagyományai, a gasztronómiai kultúra szervesen hozzátartoznak az adott régió identitását megtestesítő és megőrzését elősegítő jellemzőkhöz. A termelők, fogyasztók és régióban élők érdekeit egyaránt szolgálja az élelmiszerek eredet-megjelölésének ésvédelmének szabályozása az EU-ban, melynek hazai alkalmazását a Hagyományok-Ízek-Régiók (HÍR) gyűjteménye és védjegye alapozza meg. Az adatbázisban szereplő termékek fontos részei az Európai identitásnak és a hazai nemzeti-kulturális örökségnek egyaránt. A tanulmány egy tágabb körű vizsgálat részeként, néhány kiválasztott nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalom megállapításaira valamint egy Dél-Dunántúli hentesáru kisvállalkozás helyzetéről készített esettanulmányra építve körvonalazza a hagyományos, vagy eredeti élelmiszer terméket előállító vállalkozások piaci és marketing sajátosságait.
Ready player one – Lernjournale/Lerntagebücher in der Ausbildung von Daf/Daz-Lehrenden. Ein Praxisbeitrag für Erfahrungen und Vorschläge für neue Experimente
Authors: Majorosi Anna
Published: October 2020

In meinem Praxisbeitrag geht es um den Einsatz von Lerntagebüchern/Lernjournalen im universitären Kontext, in der Ausbildung von DaF/DaZ-Lehrenden. Es werden vor allem konkrete Erfahrungen und Vorschläge aus der Praxis beschrieben, die die Leserinnen und Leser (Hochschulangehörige) zum Experimentieren einladen möchten.
Gazdasági folyamatok Magyarországon 2019-2020 fordulóján
Authors: Belyó Pál
Published: October 2020

A magyar gazdaság már 2019-ben a korábbi évekhez viszonyítva kissé lassabban bővült. Az év végére az építőipar növekedése lassult, és az iparág növekedési várakozásai jelentősen gyengültek. Az egyensúly romlásának másik tünete az volt, hogy a fogyasztói áremelkedés üteme enyhén felgyorsult, és a forint tovább gyengült. A vállalatok és a háztartások optimizmusa is csökkent, részben a külső gazdaságok lassulását okozó kockázati tényezők – a Brexit, a globális gazdasági helyzet észrevehető romlása, és ezáltal a külkereskedelmi partnereink növekedésének lassulása – részben a hazai munkaerő-piaci anomáliák miatt, amelyeket a régóta fennálló hazai versenyképességi problémák alapoztak meg. A kormány korábbi gazdasági tervei szerint a magyar GDP 4,9 százalékos növekedése 1,5-2 százalékponttal csökken 2020-ban. A 2019 évi prognózis szerint az építőipar jelentős csökkenése, az ipari termelés mérsékeltebb csökkenése és a beruházások jelentős gyengülése mellett a fogyasztás a jövedelmi feltételek romlása miatt is várhatóan csökken. A járvány természetesen alaposan megváltoztatta a terveket is.
Knowledge and practices regarding hand-washing among mothers of children less than five years of age in rural areas of District Sialkot
Authors: Sonia Almas  , Ayesha Babar Kawish  , Tahir Mehmood Butt  , Subhana Akber Khan
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To assess knowledge and practices regarding hand-washing among mothers of children aged ?5 years.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2015 in rural areas of Union Council Charwa, Tehsil Pasrur in District Sialkot, Pakistan, and comprised mothers of children aged ?5 years. Data was collected using a pre-tested and validated structured questionnaire developed in line with World health Organisation guidelines on hand-washing technique. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.

Results: Of the 422 subjects, 319 (75.4%) had sufficient knowledge and 104 (24.6%) showed good practices regarding hand-washing. However, only 59 (14%) mothers were found adherent to the appropriate technique of hand-washing.

Conclusion: Health education and behaviour-changing communication approaches must be implemented to educate the masses about proper hand-washing technique.

Key Words: Knowledge, Practices, Hand-washing, Mothers, Health education, Pakistan.
Reproductive parameters of the North Atlantic right whale
Authors: Kraus Scott D. , Hamilton Philip K. , Kenney Robert D. , Knowlton Amy R. , Slay Christopher K.
Published: October 2020

North Atlantic right whale reproduction was assessed for the period 1980 through 1998. At the end of this period, we estimated there werebetween 299 and 437 right whales alive, including 70 mature females. Using maximum and minimum population estimates for the entireperiod, mean values for gross annual reproductive rate were 0.36 and 0.49 respectively, and the mean value for calves per mature femaleper year was 0.25. There is a significant decreasing trend in calves per mature female per year over the entire study period. The mean ageat first calving is 9.53 years. The mean number of cows recruited annually since 1985 is 3.8. Mean annual calving intervals have increasedsignificantly during the study period from 3.67 years (1980-1992) to over 5 years (1993-1998). Although the North Atlantic population isaffected by significant anthropogenic mortality, diminishing reproductive rates are probably also responsible for the plight of thisspecies.
Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Knowlton Amy R. , Kraus Scott D.
Published: October 2020

Northern right whales in the western North Atlantic number about 300 animals and have shown little sign of recovery in recent decades.Mortality and serious injury due to human activities, particularly commercial fishing and shipping, are thought to be significant factorslimiting their recovery. From 1970-1999, 45 right whale deaths were reliably documented. Sixteen of these fatalities (35.5%) were due toship collisions, and three (6.7%) were due to entanglement in fishing gear. The remainder were neonates (13; 28.9%) and ‘unknown cause’mortalities (13; 28.9%). Criteria for defining serious injuries and mortalities from entanglement or ship strikes were developed and includeany animal carrying fishing gear, cuts from entanglement or ship strike deeper than 8cm, swelling or necrosis, evidence of poor health fromsuch interactions, and, in carcasses, evidence of haematoma, haemorrhaging or broken bones. A total of 56 animals fitting the definedcriteria were documented from 1970-1999: 31 (55.4%) from entanglement and 25 (44.6%) from ship strikes. Nineteen were fatal (16 shipstrikes, 3 entanglements), 10 were possibly fatal (2 ship strikes, 8 entanglements) and 27 were non-fatal (7 ship strikes, 20 entanglements).The breakdown of potentially serious injuries by age and sex reveals no difference in levels between sexes but shows a 3.3:1 higher levelof interaction in juveniles and calves versus adults. The data show that ship strikes are more immediately lethal, but entanglements can resultin long term deterioration of an animal and may be responsible for higher levels of mortality than previously thought. Considering that someanimals become entangled, drown and never return to the surface, even these levels may be underestimated. Between 1986 and 1999, 84animals were presumed dead based on a lack of resightings for six years. There were 32 confirmed deaths during this time period suggestingthat at least as many unreported deaths occurred as carcasses were reported. Definitive actions need to be taken to reduce the level andseverity of anthropogenic injuries and deaths. Actions could include continued disentanglement efforts, gear modifications, seasonalclosures for fisheries, mandatory ship reporting, ships’ routing measures and speed restrictions for commercial shipping.
A note on recent sightings of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) along the east coast of Madagascar
Authors: Rosenbaum Howard C.
Published: October 2020

Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) are distributed throughout the Southern Hemisphere, where they seasonally migrate betweenhigh latitude feeding grounds and low latitude breeding grounds. While there are detailed records of historical and recent whaling off thesouthern, southwestern and southeastern African coasts, historical catches in Madagascar’s waters are poorly documented. There have alsobeen no recent, documented sightings of southern right whales off the east coast of Madagascar. Here we report two sightings, one of asingle individual in Antongil Bay in northeastern Madagascar and the other of a mother and calf pair near Fort Dauphin on the southeasterncoast. DNA obtained from a biopsy sample of the single animal showed it was a male possessing one of the common South Atlantic rightwhale mitochondrial haplotypes. The available DNA data provide limited suggestive evidence that the individuals documented offMadagascar represent long-distance migrants from the well-documented South African population. However, the possibility that thesesouthern right whales are members of a small or remnant population from the historical whaling grounds of Delagoa Bay, Sofala Bay orthe Crozet Island feeding grounds cannot be excluded. Regardless of population assignment for these individuals, it appears that somesouthern right whales may be using different parts of Madagascar’s east coast during the wintering season
The 2005 Galápagos humpback whale expedition: a first attempt to assess and characterise the population in the Archipelago
Authors: Félix Fernando , M. Palacios Daniel , K. Salazar Sandie , Caballero Susana , Haase Ben , Falconí Jéssica
Published: October 2020

It has been known for some time that humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) occur in waters of the Galápagos Islands, an oceanic archipelagolocated 1,000km west of Ecuador, South America (1°S, 91°W), but their presence there has been poorly documented. Although presumed, nolinkage has been established between Galápagos and southeast Pacific humpback whales (Breeding Stock G), the nearest breeding stock. Anexpedition to Galápagos was carried out between 31 August and 10 September 2005 to document the presence of humpback whales, their distribution,and their relationship to other stocks in the Pacific. Surveys covered 722km of the central and southern parts of the archipelago. Only one adultwith a newborn calf was found at Santa Fé Island (0°47’S, 90°05.1’W), yielding an encounter rate of 0.27 whales per 100km of survey. A hydrophonewith a response frequency range of 0.25–25kHz was dropped 25 times, but no whale sounds were heard. A skin sample was obtained by darting ofthe adult at Santa Fé, and was used for genetic analysis of the mtDNA control region. The haplotype of the Galápagos specimen has been found ina few individuals sampled previously off Colombia, Ecuador and the Antarctic Peninsula, thus establishing at least some degree of relatedness withBreeding Stock G. The observations, combined with a compilation of historical and recent sighting information in the archipelago, support the ideathat Galápagos is a breeding area for the species. Further studies are needed to establish the level of discreteness, size and other basic aspects of theGalápagos humpback whale population.
A note on the age at sexual maturity of humpback whales
Authors: Best Peter B.
Published: October 2020

The conclusion of researchers in the 1950s that humpback whales reached sexual maturity at about age five was largely influenced by their interpretation of baleen tracings, and to achieve consistency with these tracings the accumulation rate of ear plug laminations (growth layer groups: GLGs) was assumed to be two per year. However, ovulation and natural mortality rates calculated by these researchers under the same assumption produced estimates that are difficult to reconcile with other biological data or with more recent estimates using individual re-sighting data. Such disparities are reduced or disappear when an annual accumulation rate is used, in which case their ear plug data would have indicated a mean age at sexual maturity of 9–11 years. Recent estimates of the age of female humpback whales at first calving using longitudinal studies of photoidentified individuals have produced conflicting results, some (from southeastern Alaska) being compatible with the earlier age-determination studies, others (from the Gulf of Maine) suggesting a much younger age.
Line transect estimates of humpback whale abundance and distribution on their wintering grounds in the coastal waters of Gabon
Authors: Strindberg Samantha , Ersts Peter J. , Collins Tim , Sounguet Guy-Philippe , Rosenbaum Howard C.
Published: October 2020

There have been few recent estimates of abundance for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean. The firstdistance sampling survey of the coastal waters of Gabon was conducted in 2002. The difficult logistics of covering a large survey region withlimited time, effort and refuelling opportunities required a line transect survey design that carefully balanced the theoretical demands of distancesampling with these constraints. Inshore/offshore zigzag transects were conducted to a distance of up to approximately 50 n.miles from the coastof Gabon corresponding to the 1,000m depth contour, from the border with Equatorial Guinea to a point south of Mayumba, near the Congo borderrepresenting 1,488 n.miles of survey effort. Seventy-nine different groups of humpback whales were observed throughout the survey area comprisinga northern (Equatorial Guinea to Cap Lopez) and southern (Cap Lopez to Gamba) survey stratum. Relatively large numbers of whales wereencountered throughout the southern stratum; encounter rates and densities were considerably lower in the northern stratum. The initial abundanceestimate from a distance sampling analysis suggests that more than 1,200 humpback whales were present in Gabon’s coastal waters during thesurvey period. This estimate does not account for either availability or perception bias. In addition, this instantaneous snapshot of the number ofwhales occupying Gabon’s coastal waters is likely to correspond to only a portion of the population that uses these waters over time. However, theabundance estimate derived from the aerial survey are consistent with those based on photographic and genetic capture-recapture techniques. Acontinuing research programme in this area will help refine estimates of humpback whale abundance and using genetic and photographic data alsoestablish the relationships between this and other populations. This is important given the potential overlap of humpback whales in large numbersthroughout this region and the current extent and continued expansion of hydrocarbon exploration and extraction activities throughout the Gulf ofGuinea.
Abundance estimates of Southern Hemisphere Breeding Stock ‘D’ humpback whales from aerial and land-based surveys off Shark Bay, Western Australia, 2008
Authors: Hedley Sharon L. , Bannister John L. , Dunlop Rebecca A.
Published: October 2020

Single platform aerial line transect and land-based surveys of Southern Hemisphere Breeding Stock ‘D’ humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliaewere undertaken off Shark Bay, Western Australia to provide absolute abundance estimates of animals migrating northward along the westernAustralian coast. The aerial survey flew a total of 28 flights, of which 26 were completed successfully, from 24 June–19 August 2008. The landbased survey was undertaken from Cape Inscription, Dirk Hartog Island, Shark Bay, during the expected peak of the whales’ northward migration,from 8–20 July. During the first week of the land-based survey, some double count effort was undertaken to provide information on the numbersof pods missed from the land station. The assumed period of northward migration was 2 June–7 September. Estimated abundance of northwardmigrating whales during that time is 34,290 (95% CI: (27,340–53,350)), representing an annual rate of increase of 12.9% (CV = 0.20) since anestimate of 11,500 in 1999. This estimate is based on an estimate of relative abundance of surface-available whales of 10,840 (8,640–16,860), andan estimated g(0) of 0.32. There were considerable practical difficulties encountered during the land-based survey which reduced the effectivenessof the dual-survey approach for estimating g(0) for the aerial survey. Furthermore only about 15% of whales were estimated to be within the visualrange of the land-based station. Alternative approaches for estimating g(0) from these data are therefore also presented, resulting in considerablyhigher estimates of around 0.6–0.7, and yielding a conservative abundance estimate of 17,810 (14,210–27,720).