bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mn doping at different sites on the structural and electronic properties of ZnO quantum dots
Authors: Wang Lin-Han , Fu Si-Lie , Wang Chun-An , Gan Geng-Run , Xie Ya-Peng , Gao Xue-Lian
Published: April 2023

We constructed ZnO quantum dots (QDs) with a diameter of 1.2[Formula: see text]nm of wurtzite structure, hydrogenated the surface and doped single Mn atoms using Zn-site substitution. We present an investigation of the structural and electronic properties of ZnO QDs of three doping sites: inner, intermediate and outer. Based on the density functional theory and the plane-wave pseudo potential method, the structural characteristics, charge distribution, conductivity and formation energy of doped ZnO QDs are analyzed. We obtained the effect of doping site depth on the properties above with the nearly optimal nanoparticle doping concentration (2.222%). The internal doping (inner and intermedium) configuration results in higher electrical conductivity and stronger bonds than the outer doping configuration. In particular, intermediate doping is highly efficient and valuable for obtaining Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles with good structural and electronic properties. This study provides a theoretical reference for the survey of zero-dimensional dilute magnetic semiconductors.
Machine-learning design of graphene nanoribbon waveguide side-coupled absorber
Authors: Yao Qi , Yang Jingjing , Li Peng , Huang Ming
Published: April 2023

Machine learning is emerging as a new approach that provides more options for solving complex problems involving electromagnetic phenomena. This paper evaluates the application of machine learning to the design of graphene-based absorbers, which is a research challenge. Five machine learning algorithms — [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor regression (kNN), artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree (DT), extremely randomized trees (ETs) and random forest (RF) — are applied to realize the transmission spectrum prediction and reverse design of a graphene nanoribbon waveguide side-coupled absorber. The results show that all five algorithms are effective, with RF being the most accurate in the inverse design. Compared with previous work, the application of machine learning in the intelligent design of graphene absorbers is evaluated more comprehensively, providing a reference for the selection of machine learning algorithms for future inverse design problems.
An Optimal Selection and Placement of Distributed Energy Resources Using Hybrid Genetic Local Binary Knowledge Optimization
Authors: Tamilselvan Kesavan , Kaliappan Lakshmi , Kandasamy Prabaakaran
Published: April 2023

In recent times, the virtual power plant (VPP) is gaining more attention in power system engineering due to its tremendous potential in enhancing sustainable urbanism, in which, it supplies clean energy from distributed generators. Electricity is deemed a basic requirement for future automotive and ultra-modern technologies. The deficiency of traditional energy resources and their complex generation process make the production cost of electricity increase dramatically. Moreover, traditional power distribution systems are encountering issues in distributing electrical energy to fulfill customer demands. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel power management system named ‘the hybrid genetic local binary knowledge (HGLBK) algorithm’ to manage power distribution in the transmission lines and to optimize the total operation cost of the network. The hybrid optimization algorithm effectively controls the load by supplying the surplus power load to the adjacent feeders thereby optimally selecting and placing the distributed energy resource (DER). The proposed concept is implemented at Kayathar, Tamil Nadu in India, and their real-time data are utilized for modeling the VPP. The proposed VPP concept is implemented in the IEEE-9 bus system and the performance of VPP is simulated using the MATLAB software. The performance of the proposed HGLBK algorithm is assessed by comparing its effectiveness with the existing approaches.
ECG R-Wave Detection and Its Application in Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Yan Rongguo , Wang Jie , Wang Jiahui , Shao Hongran , Fang Xuchen
Published: April 2023

Heart failure is one of the major diseases endangering human life. As a transitional support treatment before heart transplantation, the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has significantly improved the quality of life and survival rate of patients with end-stage heart failure. In the automatic detection of electrocardiogram (ECG), the detection of QRS wave groups is the most critical aspect, which affects the correctness and accuracy of subsequent data analysis and processing. The paper used the data from the MIT-BIH database and the data collected from human ECG as the original number of samples for further processing. It processed the data through a high-order finite impulse response (FIR) low-pass filter and Shannon energy algorithm, and added the use of a high-order adaptive median filter algorithm on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to minimize the noise of the processed real-time data. Finally, the tested ECG R-wave was used to drive the LVAD. After successful simulation by MATLAB and Modelsim software, the scheme of the real-time ECG signal controlling blood pump system was realized on the FPGA platform. The experiment showed that the method proposed could accurately extract the R-wave and control the LVAD to pump blood simultaneously.
Third-Order Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillators Employing OTRAs with Independent Control of Oscillation Condition and Frequency of Oscillation
Authors: Bhaskar Data R. , Garima  , Kumar Pragati , Raj Ajishek
Published: April 2023

This communication presents two new voltage mode (VM) third-order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator (TOQSO) configurations employing three operational transresistance amplifiers (OTRAs), six resistors and three virtually grounded capacitors. The proposed circuits have independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) utilizing the intrinsic current differencing property of the OTRA. The proposed TOQSOs have ideally zero output impedance, a feature suitable for easy cascadability. Nonideal and sensitivity analyses have been carried out and compared with those obtained from ideal analysis. The presented TOQSOs have been simulated using OTRAs implemented with macro model of off-the-shelf available AD844 ICs. Experimental results have also been included using OTRAs realized with commercially available AD844 CFOA ICs.
Pure projective, pure injective and FP-injective modules over trivial ring extensions
Authors: Mao Lixin
Published: April 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a trivial extension of a ring [Formula: see text] by an [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-bimodule [Formula: see text]. We first study the properties of pure projective and pure injective modules over [Formula: see text]. Then we characterize [Formula: see text]-injective modules over [Formula: see text]. Finally some applications are given to Morita context rings.
Thin-shell wormholes in N-dimensional F (R) gravity
Authors: Figueroa-Aguirre Griselda
Published: April 2023

In this work, spherically symmetric thin-shell wormholes with a conformally invariant Maxwell field for [Formula: see text]-dimensional [Formula: see text] gravity and constant scalar curvature [Formula: see text] are built. Two cases are considered: wormholes symmetric across the throat and asymmetric ones having different values of the scalar curvature across the throat. Their stability under radial perturbations is analyzed, finding that unstable and stable solutions are possible for suitable values of the parameters, always made of exotic matter. The stable solutions are found for a short range, slightly over a large critical value of charge.
A Privacy Preservation Strategy Using Hybrid Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme in IoT
Authors: Chaudhari Anita , Bansode Rajesh
Published: April 2023

The Wireless Sensor Network affords the basis for the Internet of Things (IoT) systems that typically produce large and imprecise information. This information has to be integrated faster and efficiently handled. Various devices deployed with IoT exists like organizational automation, smart grid etc. To sub-ordinate this system software as well as their applications, the Packet Authentication Code (PAC) and routing protocols are essentially required for interoperability and scalability. Hence, this study intends to propose a system based on PAC to preserve privacy, thereby handling the False Data Injection (FDI) attacks.

The study performs the authentication process where the nodes are authenticated even before the data transmission for efficient security. A privacy preservation model is also employed to deal with the FDI attacks. Data aggregation is also performed to reduce the end-to-end delay and communication overhead.

A hybrid Gentry, Sahai and Waters (GSW) and Ducas and Micciancio (DM) are proposed to handle the FDI attacks through a key generation process. In addition, a PAC is generated to improvise the security that includes various processes such as group formation of the node members, key generation, as well as distribution and unique sensor number generation to authenticate using PAC.

The performance of the proposed system is analyzed through a comparative analysis in terms of specific significant parameters to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method. The analytical results reveal the efficiency of the proposed hybrid GSW–DM with PAC for privacy preservation than the existing systems.
ASSOCIATION AMONG PAIN, SKIN BLOOD FLOW AND TEMPERATURE, PLANTAR FASCIA AND FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS THICKNESS, AND FOOT FUNCTION INDEX IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PLANTAR FASCIITIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Palee Phongsathon , Sakulsriprasert Prasert , Thammajaree Chutiporn , Theapthong Montartip , Pakpakorn Phrattaya , Sitti Tippawan , Bunprajun Tipwadee , Thong-On Suthasinee
Published: April 2023

Background: Plantar fasciitis, the impairments include pain, changed skin blood flow (SBF) and temperature, changed plantar fascia (PF) and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) thickness, and affected foot function index. However, the association is still unknown.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the association among pain, SBF and temperature, PF and FDB thickness, and foot function index in individuals with plantar fasciitis.

Methods: Thirty-two individuals with unilateral plantar fasciitis were interviewed for demographic data and assessed for pain at the first step in the morning (Pain[Formula: see text]), pain at rest (Pain[Formula: see text]), and pain at 80 N/cm2 pressure (Pain[Formula: see text]) by visual analog scale (VAS), SBF, and skin temperature (ST) by laser dropper flowmetry (LDF), PF and FDB thickness by ultrasound imaging (USI), and foot function by foot functional index (FFI). The association was analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results: A significant correlation was found among Pain[Formula: see text] and Pain[Formula: see text], Pain[Formula: see text], SBF, PF, and FFI. Pain[Formula: see text] was correlated with SBF, and FFI. Pain[Formula: see text] was also correlated with FFI. SBF was correlated with ST and FFI.

Conclusions: The association among pain, PF thickness, and FFI was reported in individuals with plantar fasciitis, which can be meaningful relationship between clinical outcomes and ultrasonographic evidence.
Vibrational Power Flow Analysis for the Sandwich Cylindrical Shell Structure with a Metal–Rubber Core in the Thermal Environment
Authors: Xue Xin , Wu Ruixian , Wu Fang , Xiong Yunlingzi , Shen Guojian , Chen Xiaochao
Published: April 2023

This research is designed to investigate the vibrational characteristics of a sandwich cylindrical shell structure with an elastic-porous metal–rubber core in the thermal environment by the power flow method. The finite element models of the homogeneous and sandwich cylindrical shell structures are established for harmonic response analysis completed by the mode superposition method. Further, the structural power flow is calculated and visualized based on the results of the finite element analysis. A comparison is made with the results for a plate available in the literature validating the effectiveness of the power flow visualization method. The effects of some key factors, such as the frequency, the metal–rubber core, the length-to-radius ratio, and the temperature on the power flow of the sandwich cylindrical shell structure, are analyzed using power flow cloud pictures and vector diagrams. The results reveal that the frequency affects the distribution of power flow, and the metal–rubber core can dissipate energy, whereas the length-to-radius ratio and temperature do not have a significant influence on the power flow of the sandwich cylindrical shell structure with a metal–rubber core (SCSMR). This work should be valuable for the noise and vibration control application of the SCS-MR.
Performance Analysis and Multilayer Design of Curved Honeycomb Sandwich Panels with Different Cell Arrays Under Projectile Impact
Authors: Wang Genda , Lu Zhaijun , Liu Jiefu , Fan Dengke
Published: April 2023

The cell array type significantly affects the global stresses in curved honeycomb sandwich panels. In this study, the curved sandwich panels with the out-plane honeycomb core (COP) and the in-plane honeycomb core (CIP) are proposed. Their local impact resistance is numerically investigated using finite element simulation calibrated with air cannon test results. Various impact scenarios including different projectile diameters, different impacting velocities, angles, as well as locations are considered. The performances of the COP and CIP panels with similar overall mass and relative density are compared by evaluating their impact histories and energy absorption properties. It is demonstrated that the CIP panel shows improved impact mitigation and energy absorption property under local impact. However, its overall displacement is significantly larger than that of the COP panel. Based on the impact behavior of COP and CIP panels, the hybrid two-layer structures (HOI and HIO) are designed. It is found that the HIO panel shows an increase in energy absorption of approximately 3% over the COP and CIP panels and a reduction in the overall displacement of at least 28% over the CIP panel. Moreover, HIO configuration with the thinner cell wall thickness of the upper core demonstrates improved impact mitigation.
The Complex Connectedness of Global Large-Scale Assets and the Visualization of Their Return Spillover Paths
Authors: Zhu Sha , Wen Tianhao , Du Qinglin , Lai Fujun
Published: April 2023

Due to the increasing connectedness of international financial markets, the measurement of dynamic connectedness among large-scale assets has become a key component of modern financial risk regulation and asset allocation principles. We quantify the dynamic connectedness among large-scale assets and visualize the return spillover paths using cutting-edge complex network spillover measurement theory and physical complex network methods. For the sample period of January 2, 2018 to June 30, 2022, we calculate the daily returns for thirteen representative global large-scale assets. Then, we construct a time-varying parameter-vector autoregressive-stochastic volatility (TVP-VAR-SV) model and measure the time-varying spillover matrix of returns across large-scale assets. From our analyses, the 10-year U.S. treasury rate (shorted for the US10YR) and Brent oil are found to be the core subject matter of global assets. The US10YR has a significant impact on the commodity market. Moreover, there is a significant impact of foreign exchange on other global large-scale assets, and the spillover effects vary from one country to another. On the basis of the empirical findings, this paper proposes recommendations for financial regulators regarding risk monitoring and forward-looking investment recommendations for financial institutions and investors.
Uniformity of singular value exponents for typical cocycles
Authors: Chen Yexing , Cao Yongluo , Zou Rui
Published: April 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-valued cocycle over a subshift of finite type. Under a certain twisting assumption, we prove that [Formula: see text] has a uniform Lyapunov exponent if and only if the largest Lyapunov exponent of [Formula: see text] at all periodic points equals. Under the typicality assumption, we give two checkable criteria for deciding whether [Formula: see text] has uniform singular value exponents.
Multi-layer quivers and higher slice algebras
Authors: Guo Jin Yun , Hu Yanping , Luo Deren
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we introduce multi-layer quivers and show how to construct an [Formula: see text]-slice algebra of infinite type from an [Formula: see text]-slice algebra of infinite type using the bound quivers. This leads to constructing [Formula: see text]-slice algebras of infinite type as matrix algebra and as tensor algebra of an [Formula: see text]-slice algebra and equivalences of their module categories as the module categories of diagram of some quiver of type [Formula: see text].
On strongly homogeneous prime ideals in a graded integral domain
Authors: Riffi Abdelkbir , Bakkari Chahrazade , Mahdou Najib
Published: April 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a torsionless grading monoid and [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-graded integral domain. In this paper, we present basic properties and give a complete characterization of strongly homogeneous prime ideals of [Formula: see text]. These works generalize Ahmed and the authors’ characterization of when [Formula: see text] is a graded pseudo-valuation domain.
The construction D + DX + DX2 + ⋯ + DXk + Xk+1K[X]
Authors: Hu Kui , Wang Ling , Zhou De Chuan , Xie Jin
Published: April 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-Dedekind domain with quotient field [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a fixed positive integer, it is proved in this paper that the constructed polynomial domain [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-Prüfer domain. It is also proved that if [Formula: see text] is a principal ideal domain and [Formula: see text], then every maximal ideal of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-projective.
MECHANICAL INVESTIGATION OF NOVEL BIOMIMETIC CELLS WITH HYBRID POROSITIES FOR ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATIONS
Authors: SAMIMI SAHAND , MEHRIZI ALI ABOUEI , ASADI AMIR , HEDAYAT DORNA
Published: April 2023

The importance and reliability of implants, have brought biomedical engineers and material scientists together to aid orthopedic specialists to increase their durability and efficiency. Porous materials have been used diversely in biomedical applications namely, scaffold designs and orthopedic implants. However, satisfying all biological as well as mechanical conditions of the human body has never been achieved. Hence, in this paper, to mimic the hierarchical nature of human bone, a simple Hollow Cube unit cell was subjected to twelve different sets of micropores in its struts, leading to an increased internal surface area and overall porosity. Thus, 3D models of the unit cells with hybrid porosities were studied using finite elements method. It was observed that with adding micropores inside already porous unit cells, about 25% decrease was obtained in elastic modulus, ranging between 7.9[Formula: see text]GPa to 11[Formula: see text]GPa and, roughly 100% increase in internal surface area and surface-to-volume ratio, moreover, the porosity rose from 64% to 87%. Sequentially, proper hierarchical unit cells were evaluated according to elastic modulus and failure analyses. In the end, to validate, the numerical and experimental results were compared and 9% error was observed between them.
Fabrication and Enhancement of Organic Photodetectors Based on Iron Phthalocyanine Films
Authors: Hamzah Nabaa S. , Hassan Eman K.
Published: April 2023

Iron–phthalocyanine (FePc) organic photoconductive detector was fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique to work in ultraviolet (UV) and visible regions. The organic semiconductor material (iron phthalocyanine) was deposited on n-type silicon wafer (Si) substrates at different thicknesses (100, 200 and 300) nm. FePc organic photoconductive detector has been improved by two methods: the first is to manufacture the detector on PSi substrates, and the second is by coating the detector with polyamide–nylon polymer to enhance the photoconductivity of the FePc detector. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, responsivity, photocurrent gain, response time and the quantum efficiency of the fabricated photoconductive detector were measured. The performance of the fabricated detector was taken under dark and illumination using two types of light sources: UV LED with wavelength (365[Formula: see text]nm), power of (10[Formula: see text]W) and Tungsten lamp with wavelength range between (500–800) nm and the optical power of (250[Formula: see text]W). The photoresponse enhancement was improved by coating the FePc films with 200[Formula: see text]nm of polyamide nylon polymer. This type of coating, which can be considered as a surface treatment, highly increased the photoresponse of the fabricated FePc UV detector. The results show that the responsivity increased four orders of magnitudes more than the responsivity of the uncoated FePc film. The effects of the coated polymers on the responsivity and the response time of the detector were investigated.
Study Using the Brus Equation to Examine How Quantum Confinement Energy Affects the Optical Characteristics of Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Selenide
Authors: Kafel A. , Al-Rashid S. N. Turki
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the Brus equation was used to study the effects of quantum confinement energy on the optical properties of material with quantum dot (QD). It was found that the wavelength and energy gap depend on the quantum confinement energy. With the increase in the energy of quantum confinement, the energy gap increases and the absorption wavelength decreases and shifts toward the UV region. This large blue shift observed in CdS and ZnSe QDs could be exploited for the potential applications as smart materials in photonic nanodevice and various other applications.
A Decision Modeling Approach for Data Acquisition Systems of the Vehicle Industry Based on Interval-Valued Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Set
Authors: Baqer M. J. , AlSattar H. A. , Qahtan Sarah , Zaidan A. A. , Izhar Mohd Azri Mohd , Abbas Iraq T
Published: April 2023

Modeling data acquisition systems (DASs) can support the vehicle industry in the development and design of sophisticated driver assistance systems. Modeling DASs on the basis of multiple criteria is considered as a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Although literature reviews have provided models for DASs, the issue of imprecise, unclear, and ambiguous information remains unresolved. Compared with existing MCDM methods, the robustness of the fuzzy decision by opinion score method II (FDOSM II) and fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency II (FWZIC II) is demonstrated for modeling the DASs. However, these methods are implemented in an intuitionistic fuzzy set environment that restricts the ability of experts to provide membership and nonmembership degrees freely, simulate real-world ambiguity efficiently, utilize a narrow fuzzy number space, and deal with interval data. Thus, this study used a more efficient fuzzy environment interval-valued linear Diophantine fuzzy set (IVLDF) with FWZIC II for criterion weighting and IVLDF with FDOSM for DAS modeling to address the issues and support industrial community characteristics in the design and implementation of advanced driver assistance systems in vehicles. The proposed methodology comprises two consecutive phases. The first phase involves adapting a decision matrix that intersects DAS alternatives and criteria. The second phase (development phase) proposes a decision modeling approach based on formulation of IVLD-FWZIC II and IVLD-FDOSM II to model DASs. A total of 14 DASs were modeled on the basis of 15 DAS criteria, including seven subcriteria for “comprehensive complexity assessment” and eight subcriteria for “design and implementation,” which had a remarkable effect on the DAS design when implemented by industrial communities. Systematic ranking, sensitivity analysis, and modeling checklists were conducted to demonstrate that the modeling results were subject to systematic ranking, as indicated by the high correlations across all described scenarios of changing criterion weight values, supporting the most important research points, and proposing a value-adding process in modeling the most desirable DAS.
SPEEDSER: A Possibilistic System for Query Disambiguation, Expansion and Translation
Authors: Elayeb Bilel , Ben Khiroun Oussama
Published: April 2023

We design, implement and assess in this paper a new architecture of a possibilistic mono- and cross-language information retrieval (IR/CLIR) system. The latter is useful to experiment query disambiguation, expansion and translation processes in both IR and CLIR frameworks. We take advantage of possibility theory to overcome the problems of query disambiguation and expansion in an uncertain and imprecise IR/CLIR context. We investigate the impact of combining possibilistic query disambiguation with expansion on IR/CLIR efficiency. A co-occurrence graph representation is exploited to quantify the similarity between query terms and their semantically close words (expansion task) or between query terms and their possible meanings (disambiguation task). We extend the possibilistic mono-language query disambiguation approach to a cross-language framework. We conduct a set of experiments using ROMANSEVAL data collection, the French–English parallel text corpus Europarl and the CLEF-2003 French–English IR/CLIR test collection. Results highlight some statistically significant improvements of our possibilistic approaches when compared to some state-of-the-art IR/CLIR works.
Modified von Neumann neighborhood and taxicab geometry-based edge detection technique for infrared images
Authors: Acharya Kuldip , Ghoshal Dibyendu
Published: April 2023

Infrared images have several applications such as security, health, passenger monitoring, and so on. The quality of infrared image gets affected by noise, blurring effect, and low illumination environment. Due to the low contrast, blurring, and hazy effects in infrared images, state-of-the-art techniques are frequently unable to achieve appropriate edge details. Thus, an edge detection algorithm is proposed using a modified Von Neumann neighborhood kernel and taxicab geometry-based shortest path method. It has been found to perform in a better manner compared to earlier studies in a similar field. The objective of the proposed method is to produce sharp, less noisy and robust edge lines. First, pre-processing of the image is done for edge-preserving smoothing of an infrared image using a smoothing parameter. Second, image segmentation is done based on a two-level threshold value computed by a modified Von Neumann-based kernel. Then, Fourier transform of the segmented image is done to remove spike noise followed by the inverse Fourier transform to produce the final edge lines. The simulation experiment results show that the proposed method is found to yield robust and sharp edge lines compared to other state-of-the-art methods both numerically and visually. Moreover, the whole process takes less computation time.
Challenges of Organizations’ Adoption of Industrial IoT Platforms — Results of a Delphi Study
Authors: Arnold Laurin , Karnebogen Philip , Urbach Nils
Published: April 2023

Companies are still reticent about adopting IIoT platforms, and research has not yet explained the underlying challenges that impede such adoption. Uncovering these obstacles can open avenues for research and practice to realize the intended potential. We take a holistic perspective on technological, organizational, and environmental challenges that impede organizations’ adoption of IIoT platforms, which we identify in a Delphi study with 22 international experts from academia and practice. Besides identifying 29 challenges, our research reveals the comparative relevance of individual challenges, uncovering differences in perceptions between academics and practitioners. The study contributes to the diffusion of IIoT platforms in research and practice.
The J-twist DJ of the Dirac operator and the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorem for six-dimensional manifolds with boundary
Authors: Liu S. , Wang Y.
Published: April 2023

In [S. Liu and Y. Wang, A Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorem for the J-twist DJ of the Dirac operator, preprint (2022), arXiv:2203.10467], the authors proved a Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorem for the [Formula: see text]-twist [Formula: see text] of the Dirac operator on [Formula: see text]-dimensional and [Formula: see text]-dimensional almost product Riemannian spin manifold with boundary. In this paper, we develop the Kastler–Kalau–Walze type theorem for the [Formula: see text]-twist [Formula: see text] of the Dirac operator on a [Formula: see text]-dimensional almost product Riemannian spin manifold with boundary.
Quantum spinor reflections in Minkowski spacetime
Authors: Garat Alcides
Published: April 2023

We will study Dirac spinors under reflections. Since it has been discovered that local Abelian electromagnetic gauge transformations can generate a causality reflection through the sign of the norm of tetrad vectors, it has become relevant to study Dirac spinors under this particular kind of transformation. We will find suitable quantum operators for discrete reflections in Minkowski spacetime and present these results in two theorems.
Hesitant Fuzzy Ideals of (Ordered) Γ-Semirings
Authors: Murali Krishna Rao Marapureddy , Kumar Kona Rajendra , Borumand Saeid Arsham
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of hesitant fuzzy subsemiring, hesitant fuzzy ideals, hesitant fuzzy (bi, quasi, interior) ideals of (ordered) [Formula: see text]-semiring. We characterize simple and regular (ordered) [Formula: see text]-semiring by using hesitant fuzzy ideals.
Visible-Light-Driven Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Pathogenic Escherichia coli by Mn-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Phuinthiang Patcharaporn , Mingmongkol Yumatorn , Channei Duangdao , Ratananikom Khakhanang , Khanitchaidecha Wilawan , Nakaruk Auppatham
Published: April 2023

A sol–gel method was used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles doped with varying amounts of Mn. The physico-chemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD results indicated that the anatase phase was the major phase of TiO2, while a minor rutile phase was observed in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% samples. The TEM analysis showed that the Mn atoms existed in different oxidation states, including Mn[Formula: see text], Mn[Formula: see text], Mn[Formula: see text] and Mn[Formula: see text], and that the nanoparticles had a spherical-like morphology with a size ranging from 10[Formula: see text]nm. The narrowest band gap of 2.80[Formula: see text]eV was observed in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation and Escherichia coli (E. coli) photokilling under visible light irradiation. The MB degradation efficiency was found to be the highest in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample, with a removal efficiency of 96% and a degradation rate constant of 0.08 1/min. The degradation efficiency decreased in the following order: Mn-doped TiO2 0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and undoped TiO2. Similarly, complete E. coli photokilling was achieved only in the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample, while some residual E. coli was observed in the other doping nanoparticles and undoped TiO2. In summary, the results suggest that Mn doping significantly improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles, and the Mn-doped TiO2 0.2 wt.% sample exhibited the highest efficiency in both MB photodegradation and E. coli photokilling under visible light irradiation.
On Aα spectrum of the zero-divisor graph of the ring ℤn
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Mozumder M. R. , Rashid M. , Nazim
Published: April 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring and [Formula: see text] be its zero-divisors set. The zero-divisor graph of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is an undirected graph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, for [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are primes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are positive integers, we calculate the [Formula: see text] spectrum of the graphs [Formula: see text]
Demand Volatility and Firm Export Margins: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Kamal Yasmine
Published: April 2023

The study explains the export behavior of Egyptian firms under demand volatility in destination countries using detailed customs data and high-dimensional fixed effects. It finds that demand volatility negatively affects both the intensive and extensive export margins. The effects are particularly evident for large firms which reduce their export sales — especially over time — to more volatile destinations/products, are more likely to exit from exporting more volatile products and are less (more) likely to enter (exit) more volatile destinations. These findings confirm recent literature that emphasizes the greater elasticity of large firms to foreign demand shocks. They are also in line with risk aversion models in which the average risk premium increases with firm size. Given the disproportionate adverse impacts on large exporters, we find that higher demand volatility leads to lower aggregate exports, especially to geographically close and low trade costs countries. Accordingly, uncertainty in demand lessens the positive effect of lower trade barriers on exports.
OIL PRICES, EXCHANGE RATES, AND THE TRADE BALANCE: EVIDENCE FROM KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA
Authors: NANOVSKY SIMEON
Published: April 2023

The original objective of this paper is to study the impact of the exchange rate on the trade balance for Kazakhstan and Russia. Baseline empirical results indicate that an exchange rate depreciation actually decreases exports and deteriorates the trade balance for these countries; this is the opposite of the traditional theory of the J-curve and Marshall–Lerner condition. The paper then explores why these major oil exporters do not conform to the theory. It argues that it is the oil price that affects both the exchange rate and the trade balance, thereby masking the true impact of the exchange rate on the trade balance. More formally, the paper augments the traditional theory to take into account the behavior of oil prices in the export and trade balance equations. The augmented theory posits that a decrease in the oil price leads to a real exchange rate depreciation and a decline in exports, thereby creating the positive correlation seen in the baseline results. In accordance with the augmented theory, the regression results suffer from omitted variable bias; when the oil price is taken into account, the results again support the theory.
Generating Popularity-Aware Reciprocal Recommendations Using Siamese Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Units Network
Authors: Kumari Tulika , Sharma Ravish , Gupta Bhavna , Bedi Punam
Published: April 2023

Reciprocal Recommender Systems (RRS) use bilateral preferences to satisfy the needs of both the parties involved. Popularity bias is a critical problem in RRS, which arises when the RRS tend to prefer few popular users over others and thus exhibit biased behavior towards popular users. It can have adverse effect on both the parties involved. Popular users may become swamped by the requests received from a large number of users and cease to acknowledge, which can make it difficult for other users to make contact. To address this challenge, we propose Popularity-aware Siamese Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Units (PSBiGRU) with the proposed popularity-aware reciprocal score (ParS)-based re-ranking that uses semantic similarity between explicit user profiles. The proposed model is evaluated on two reciprocal environments, namely, online recruitment and online dating. Experimental findings demonstrate that PSBiGRU surpasses the compared state-of-the-art methodologies and illustrate its viability.
The Changing Dynamics of a Universe in Transition
Authors: Koehler Dale. R.
Published: April 2023

It is shown in this paper that the distorted space model of matter can describe a universe transitioning between conception and an open-ended finality. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic-manifold-warping” and to distinguish “spatial-warping” from “classical matter-warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present “distorted-geometry” context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stress-energy source”. An energy conserving alternative to black-body radiation-emission structural-modeling is manifest as an energetically unstable Universe (an originally stable but subsequently collapsing state, followed by an explosive expansion, thereby exhibiting an energy-creation process of one day!). The energy transition dynamics are described for a spherical, gravitational, and electromagnetic, geometrically-based mimic of matter existing at quantitative measures of a size challenging observation, that is, at a calculated Universe (gravitational body) [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]J. The Universe (electromagnetic body) radius is calculated [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. We have modeled the structure with a composite, two-component, geometric-coupling_constant and initial structural conditions representing Friedmann’s critical density, [Formula: see text]_critical energy-density (8.898(–10)[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]J/m3) for the gravitational energy-density and [Formula: see text]_electron (8.7(10)[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]J/m3)[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]the [Formula: see text]_critical energy-density for the geometric-electromagnetic extremum; the geometric extrema are curvature and energy-density extrema. A collapsing initial-phase-1 state, posited as a Friedmann-defined, distorted-geometry (DG) configuration with two equal-energy species or energy-density states, transitions electromagnetically, via an intermediate “mediator or force carrier” state (a W-boson structure in beta-decay), to a final 3-component state (ala a mimic of the beta decay transition process).
Community-Based Influence Maximization Using Network Embedding in Dynamic Heterogeneous Social Networks
Authors: Qin Xi , Zhong Cheng , Lin Hai Xiang
Published: April 2023

Influence maximization (IM) is a very important issue in social network diffusion analysis. The topology of real social network is large-scale, dynamic, and heterogeneous. The heterogeneity, and continuous expansion and evolution of social network pose a challenge to find influential users. Existing IM algorithms usually assume that social networks are static or dynamic but homogeneous to simplify the complexity of the IM problem. We propose a community-based influence maximization algorithm using network embedding in dynamic heterogeneous social networks. We use DyHATR algorithm to obtain the propagation feature vectors of network nodes, and executek-means cluster algorithm to transform the original network into a coarse granularity network (CGN). On CGN, we propose a community-based three-hop independent cascade model and construct the objective function of IM problem. We design a greedy heuristics algorithm to solve the IM problem with\((1-\frac{1}{e})-\)approximation guarantee and use community structure to quickly identify seed users and estimate their influence value. Experimental results on real social networks demonstrated that compared with existing IM algorithms, our proposed algorithm had better comprehensive performance with respect to the influence value, more less execution time and memory consumption, and better scalability.
I Know What You Trained Last Summer: A Survey on Stealing Machine Learning Models and Defences
Authors: Oliynyk Daryna , Mayer Rudolf , Rauber Andreas
Published: April 2023

Machine-Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has become a widespread paradigm, making even the most complex Machine Learning models available for clients via, e.g., a pay-per-query principle. This allows users to avoid time-consuming processes of data collection, hyperparameter tuning, and model training. However, by giving their customers access to the (predictions of their) models, MLaaS providers endanger their intellectual property such as sensitive training data, optimised hyperparameters, or learned model parameters. In some cases, adversaries can create a copy of the model with (almost) identical behaviour using the the prediction labels only. While many variants of this attack have been described, only scattered defence strategies that address isolated threats have been proposed. To arrive at a comprehensive understanding why these attacks are successful and how they could be holistically defended against, a thorough systematisation of the field of model stealing is necessary. We address this by categorising and comparing model stealing attacks, assessing their performance, and exploring corresponding defence techniques in different settings. We propose a taxonomy for attack and defence approaches and provide guidelines on how to select the right attack or defence strategy based on the goal and available resources. Finally, we analyse which defences are rendered less effective by current attack strategies.
Pharmacological Characteristics of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Acmella oleracea (L) R. K. Jansen Flowers: ADME/Tox In Silico and In Vivo Antihypertensive and Chronic Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: Rodrigues Emanuelle T. , Peretti Paulo , Bezerra Roberto M. , Biancardi Manoel F. , Sousa Francisco F. O. , Mendes Elizabeth P. , Dutra João B. R. , Silveira Carla C. R. , Castro Carlos H. , Cruz Jorddy N. , Santos Cleydson B. R. , Santos Fernanda C. A. , Pinheiro Mayara T.
Published: April 2023

Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen, popularly known as jambu in Northern Brazil, is widely used in folk medicine and local cuisine. Its consumption in different ways reinforces the need for safety assessments. In this study, the major compounds found in the hydroethanolic extract of A. oleracea flowers (EHFAO) were characterized by ultra‐performance liquid mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The effects of oral administration of 100/mg/kg of EHFAO extract over 60 days in male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar (WR) rats and the in silico ADME/Tox predictions, lipophilicity, and water solubility were accomplished for the compounds identified. Spilanthol was detected as the foremost major compound at a concentration of 97.7%, followed by 1.53% scopoletin and 0.77% d‐limonene. The treatment with EHFAO did not alter the animals´ weight over the studied period. Moderate alterations were observed solely in the hepatic enzymes AST (WR = 97 UI/L and SHR = 150 UI/L  ∗p < 0.05) and ALT (WR = 55 UI/L and SHR = 95 UI/L  ∗p < 0.05), while no relevant histopathological alterations were found. The in-silico study confirmed the in vivo findings, as the identified compounds were considered highly bioactive orally, due to their drug similarity profiles, adequate lipid solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, the chronic treatment with EHFAO was found safe at the concentration of 100/mg/kg, with no interference in the blood pressure levels neither appreciable toxic effects.
Synchronization of a New Chaotic System Using Adaptive Control: Design and Experimental Implementation
Authors: Roldán-Caballero Alfredo , Pérez-Cruz J. Humberto , Hernández-Márquez Eduardo , García-Sánchez José Rafael , Ponce-Silva Mario , Rubio Jose de Jesus , Villarreal-Cervantes Miguel Gabriel , Martínez-Martínez Jesús , García-Trinidad Enrique , Mendoza-Chegue Alejandro
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the design of an adaptive controller that solves the synchronization control problem of two identical Nwachioma chaotic systems in a master-slave configuration. The closed-loop stability is guaranteed by means of a Lyapunov-like analysis. With the aim of verifying the feasibility and performance of the proposed approach, a comparison with an active control algorithm is developed at the numerical simulation level. Based on such results, the master-slave Nwachioma chaotic system in closed-loop with adaptive control is now being experimentally tested by using two personal computers and two low-cost Arduino UNO boards. The experimental results not only show the good performance of the adaptive control but also that Arduino UNO boards are an excellent option for the experimental setup.
Effect of Different Ratios of Mentha spicata Aqueous Solution Based on a Biosolvent on the Synthesis of AgNPs for Inhibiting Bacteria
Authors: Qaeed Motahher A. , Hendi Abdulmajeed , Thahe Asad A. , Al-Maaqar Saleh M. , Osman Abdalghaffar M. , Ismail A. , Mindil A. , Eid Alharthi A. , Aqlan Faisal , Al-Nahari E. G. , Obaid Ahmed. S. , Warsi Mohiuddin Khan , Saif Ala’eddin A. , AL-Farga Ammar
Published: April 2023

Our work was devoted to studying the effect of different concentrations of Mentha spicata aqueous extract on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in order to obtain the most effective of these concentrations for bacteria inhibitory activity. Different concentrations of the aqueous M. spicata extract (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 mM) were used as biological solvent to synthesize AgNPs by means of the reduction method. The crystal structure and morphology of the NPs were characterized UV–vis spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The inhibition effect of AgNPs on Escherichia coli was studied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The dark yellow color of the M. spicata extract aqueous solution indicates the successful synthesis of the AgNPs. UV spectra of the NPs show a gradual increase in absorption with increasing concentration of aqueous M. spicata extract solution from 0.25 to 1.00 mM, accompanied by a shift in the wavelength from 455 to 479 nm along with a change in the nanoparticle size from 31 to 9 nm. The tests also showed a high activity of the particles against bacteria (E. coli) ranging between 15.6 and 62.5 µg/ml. From the AgNPs, it was confirmed that aqueous M. spicata extract is an effective biosolvent for the synthesis of different sizes of AgNPs according to the solvent concentration. The AgNPs also proved effectual for the killing of bacteria.