bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polityka władz chińskich a kościoły chrześcijańskie 1949–2023
Authors: Tylkowski Marek
Published: December 2024

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje politykę rządu Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej wobec Kościołów chrześcijańskich oraz jej wpływ na ich rozwój i działalność w latach 1949-2023. Ze względu na uwarunkowania historyczne podjęte zagadnienia zostały podzielone na kilka części. Pierwsza ukazuje tło historyczne. Druga odnosi się do sytuacji chrześcijan i polityki władz chińskich przed rewolucją kulturalną. W trzeciej została omówiona polityka władz w okresie rewolucji kulturalnej. Czwarta część dotyczy okresu od rewolucji kulturalnej do chwili objęcia władzy przez Xi Jinpinga, zaś ostatnia obejmuje jego obecne rządy. Artykuł kończy podsumowanie analiz przedstawionych w artykule.
Five Basic Colour Terms and Colour Taboos in Ancient China (Part One)
Authors: Bi Wei
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to explore the use of five basic colour terms and colour taboos in ancient China. Looking at many literary texts, including Classic of Poetry, Collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Discussing Writings and Explaining Characters, and several other collections, the paper offers a detailed analysis of the etymology and meanings of the following Chinese colour terms: huang 黄 ‘yellow’, chi 赤 ‘red’, bai 白 ‘white’, hei 黑 ‘black’ and qing 青 ‘cyan’. Colours have always carried well-defined symbolic meanings in China, for instance, red is associated with wealth, dignity and happiness. Besides, the five basic colours are linked to elements and cardinal points: yellow – Earth and Centre, red – Fire and South, white – Metal and West, black – Water and North, cyan – Wood and East. The investigated ancient Chinese texts provide evidence that colours implied high and low social ranks, good and bad personal qualities or fortune. The use of some colours in specific circumstances, as well as by people with a certain status, was prohibited. The cultural and social taboo phenomenon was connected with expressing self-identity and manifested itself in clothes and folk customs as well as in numerous other ways.
Resultativity and Mandarin Chinese Directional Verb Compounds
Authors: Wielosz Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Resultativity in natural language is closely tied to the category of aspect. It is semantically close to the perfective aspect, so it often receives little attention. The focus of this discussion is primarily on syntax, specifically how this category is realised in a sentence. Due to the typological differences between Mandarin Chinese and English or other Indo-European languages, the description of resultatives has to be oriented towards Chinese syntax, particularly Resultative Verb Compounds (RVCs). In addition to these verb-complement syntagmas, Directional Verb Compounds (DVCs) are also common in MC. Although directionality is not typically considered a category related to aspect or resultativity, there are visible similarities between Chinese RVCs and DVCs. This article aims to provide a general framework that outlines these categories and similarities between them. The semantic approach is especially relevant to this discussion, which adopts a basis of semantic research combined with cognitive linguistics.
Cuidando do cuidador: espaços de comunicação e cuidado em equipe
Authors: da Silva Motta Rosane , Leite Loiva
Published: December 2024

O Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) é um serviço público de saúde mental de caráter aberto e comunitário, atendendo usuários com sofrimento psíquico ou transtorno mental, assim como casos de dependência química, dividindo-se em modalidades distintas. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a intervenção realizada junto aos profissionais em CAPS II, de um município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, realizada no período de Estágio Curricular Básico II, no Serviço-Escola de Psicologia do Centro Universitário Cesuca, no primeiro semestre de 2023. A intervenção tinha como propósito conhecer as demandas dos profissionais em relação ao trabalho em saúde mental, o relacionamento em equipe, os sofrimentos manifestos, quais as estratégias que desenvolviam para o próprio cuidado e quais as expectativas em relação ao futuro profissional. A proposta de intervenção partiu da coordenação de saúde mental do município diante das inúmeras dificuldades que a equipe estava vivenciando em relação às demandas que chegavam ao CAPS. Dificuldades estas relativas a sobrecarga de trabalho e aos relacionamentos conflitivos entre os profissionais. Os encontros foram realizados mensalmente, nos dias das reuniões de equipe, com duração de duas horas. Nos encontros iniciais utilizou-se dinâmicas que visavam a auto apresentação dos profissionais, assim como o nível de conhecimento que tinham dos colegas. Posteriormente, as dinâmicas propunham desenvolver a autoconsciência, empatia e habilidade de se comunicar de forma autêntica e honesta, produzindo mais qualidade para a comunicação, sem julgamentos ou críticas destrutivas. Foi possível observar que o sofrimento cotidiano vivenciado nos acolhimentos acarretava sobrecarga de trabalho, visto que a resolutividade das demandas nem sempre são de pronta resposta e requerem um investimento a médio e longo prazo. Constatou-se que as intervenções eram uma forma de cuidado aos profissionais, além de contribuir para a construção de relações mais saudáveis e respeitosas.
Modulatory effects of aerobic exercise on the autonomic nervous system in healthy subjects: A review.
Authors: Paludo Rodrigo , Gomes Ferraz Lucca , Fernandes Medeiros Liciane
Published: December 2024

Physical exercise is a practice of the physical activity programmed, periodized and timed. Thus, it can be subdivided into 2 specific types of practice, anaerobic and aerobic exercises. Resistance or aerobic exercises are the most practiced and easily accessible to the population. In this sense, the regular practice of exercise is capable of promoting modulations in several systems such as the autonomic system, in which sympathetic and parasympathetic reflexes are essential for homeostatic control. Thus, the objective of this study was to carry out, through a review, an investigation into the modulatory effects of aerobic exercise on the autonomic nervous system in healthy people. To carry out this work, articles were searched in the PUBMED database, with the descriptors "autonomic nervous system " and “aerobic exercise". We found 193 articles in the first search with the descriptors, but 9 articles were selected for this review. In this context, physical exercise produces modulatory effects on the post-exercise heart rate recovery time and modulates the levels of catecholamines that act on this autonomic system. Further investigations with a greater variety of physical exercises should be carried out, for future understanding of the modulatory effects in healthy individuals.
O desenvolvimento da gestão de equipe de enfermagem: entendendo o papel do enfermeiro assistencial
Authors: Silva de Deus Marina , Welfer Márcia
Published: December 2024

Introdução: O enfermeiro assistencial é o profissional, que desde o início da sua jornada, tem a função de ser líder de uma equipe. Através disso, a pesquisa tem como objetivos: Conhecer o papel do enfermeiro como líder de equipe; Identificar os principais desafios no trabalho da gestão de equipes do enfermeiro e Conhecer estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros na gestão de equipe. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa de literatura que teve como base de pesquisa as plataformas Lilacs, Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e uma dissertação, publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Desenvolvimento: Após a leitura do material, a pesquisa foi dividida em  duas categorias, a) O papel do enfermeiro como líder de equipe assistencial e o desenvolvimento do processo de gestão na sua equipe: o enfermeiro assistencial tem como função ser o líder da equipe, demonstrando proatividade, empatia, ética, ser influenciador, articulador, provedor e resolutivo. Uma enfermagem eficiente se mede pela capacidade de melhorar a qualidade no trabalho garantindo segurança na execução de suas atividades. b) Desafios da Liderança e estratégias dos enfermeiros na liderança de equipes: os maiores desafios encontrados foram a relação de  confiança e o conhecimento do líder sobre sua equipe e às habilidades gerenciais do enfermeiro. Considerações finais: são muitas as dificuldades no gerenciamento de equipes, mas existem estratégias que visam buscar melhorar a qualidade do atendimento aos pacientes no relacionamento da equipe, como o aprimoramento do vínculo, da comunicação da educação permanente e estar sempre assegurado com o código de ética de enfermagem.
Spectrophotometric assay of renal ouabain-resistant Na(+)-ATPase and its regulation by leptin and dietary-induced obesity.
Authors: Bełtowski Jerzy , Jamroz-Wiśniewska Anna , Nazar Jarosław , Wójcicka Grazyna
Published: December 2024

Apart from Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, a second sodium pump, Na(+)-stimulated, K(+)-independent ATPase (Na(+)-ATPase) is expressed in proximal convoluted tubule of the mammalian kidney. The aim of this study was to develop a method of Na(+)-ATPase assay based on the method previously used by us to measure Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. The ATPase activity was assayed as the amount of inorganic phosphate liberated from ATP by isolated microsomal fraction. Na(+)-ATPase activity was calculated as the difference between the activities measured in the presence and in the absence of 50 mM NaCl. Na(+)-ATPase activity was detected in the renal cortex (3.5 +/- 0.2 mumol phosphate/h per mg protein), but not in the renal medulla. Na(+)-ATPase was not inhibited by ouabain or an H(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, Sch 28080, but was almost completely blocked by 2 mM furosemide. Leptin administered intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) decreased the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the renal medulla at 0.5 and 1 h by 22.1% and 27.1%, respectively, but had no effect on Na(+)-ATPase in the renal cortex. Chronic hyperleptinemia induced by repeated subcutaneous leptin injections (0.25 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days) increased cortical Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, medullary Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and cortical Na(+)-ATPase by 32.4%, 84.2% and 62.9%, respectively. In rats with dietary-induced obesity, the Na(+),K(+)- ATPase activity was higher in the renal cortex and medulla by 19.7% and 34.3%, respectively, but Na(+)-ATPase was not different from control. These data indicate that both renal Na(+)-dependent ATPases are separately regulated and that up-regulation of Na(+)-ATPase may contribute to Na(+) retention and arterial hypertension induced by chronic hyperleptinemia.
A possible involvement of plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase in the switch mechanism of the cell death mode from apoptosis to necrosis in menadione-induced cell injury.
Authors: Niemczyk Edyta , Majczak Anna , Hallmann Anna , Kedzior Jakub , Woźniak Michał , Wakabayashi Takashi
Published: December 2024

The effects of inhibitors of plasma membrane NADPH oxidase on menadione-induced cell injury processes were studied using human osteosarcoma 143B cells. The intracellular level of superoxide in the cells treated with menadione for 6 h reached a maximum followed by an abrupt decrease. The population of apoptotic cells detected by Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining also reached its maximum at 6 h of menadione-treatment while that of necrotic cells increased continuously reaching 90% of the total population at 9 h of the treatment. Pretreatment of the cells with inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, including diphenyliodonium chloride, apocynin, N-vanillylnonanamide and staurosporine was effective in lowering the menadione-induced elevations of superoxide, and also in the suppression of the switch of the cell death mode from apoptosis to necrosis in menadione-treated cells except for the case of staurosporine. These results strongly suggest that superoxide generated by NADPH oxidase, besides that generated by the mitochondria, may contribute to the remarkable increase in the intracellular level of superoxide in the cells treated with menadione for 6 h resulting in the switch from apoptosis to necrosis, although a direct evidence of the presence of active and inactive forms of NADPH oxidase in control and menadione-treated 143B cells is lacking at present.
Quantification of thioredoxin mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus by real-time PCR following oxidative stress.
Authors: Yalcin Ayfer
Published: December 2024

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a multifunctional protein with a redox-active disulfide/dithiol in the active site. Thioredoxin, with its redox-regulating and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities, plays several important biologic roles both in intracellular and extracellular compartments. The purpose of this report was to quantify the relative expression of Trx in rat hippocampus following an oxidative stress-involving treatment such as kainic acid (KA) using real-time PCR and the 2(-DeltaDeltaC(T)) method. The relative changes in expression of Trx mRNA in KA-treated and control animals were significantly different as 2.02 +/- 0.77 and 1.0 +/- 0.26, respectively (P
Impact of tobacco smoking on pulmonary and kidney function after successful kidney transplantation – A single-centre pilot study
Authors: Wasilewska Eliza , Wołoszyk Paulina , Małgorzewicz Sylwia , Chamienia Andrzej , Jassem Ewa , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja
Published: December 2024

The all consequences of tobacco smoking on the lungs and kidney function in kidney transplant recipients are unknown. We investigate the impact of tobacco smoking on lung and kidney functions in kidney transplantation recipients. Methods: Finally, 55 patients were evaluated after kidney transplantation (age 50.8±13.4). Pulmonary function was performed using spirometer Pneumo Screen; anthropometry with body composition using electronic scale, dynamometer, and multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis. Biochemical parameters were measured in serum, eGFR was calculated according to the CKD-EPI formula. Results: Smoking history was reported by 23 kidney transplant recipients (42%); among them 12 (22%) were current smokers (mean pack-years=28.3±15.2). There were significant differences of spirometry parameters (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MMEF% predictive value) between non-smokers vs active smokers (p<0.003; p<0.005; p<0.04; respectively). Current smokers presented significantly lower eGFR and higher IL-6 serum levels compare to both-past smokers and non-smokers (p<0.02; p<0.04 respectively), the other biochemical parameters did not differ between these groups. The pack-years positively correlated with MRC dyspnoe scale and triglycerides, and negatively with HDL cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Active tobacco smoking was relatively common in kidney transplant recipients and was associated with poorer pulmonary function, systemic inflammation, and its possible impact on kidney graft. Other parameters of inflammation associated with renal function should be studied in active smokers before and after kidney transplantation. Effective smoking cessation programs are required in patients before and after kidney transplantation.
Analyzing the Role of Group Interactions in Deep Learning: Connectivity Patterns and Self Regulated Learning in University Discussion Forums
Authors: Yoshida Masami , Theeraroungchaisri Anuchai
Published: December 2024

As online education continues to gain popularity, it is crucial to analyze the role of group interactions in facilitating individual deep learning. This study explored the connection structure of online discussion forum messages shared by university students. To elucidate the interrelationship between intrapersonal and interpersonal forms of learning in an online environment, messages were classified according to behavioral indicators, elements of self-regulated learning, and types of threshold concepts. To this end, exponential random graph models were employed to reveal the connectivity patterns. A total of 24 messages containing threshold concepts were identified. Notably, these threshold concepts were closely associated with self-reflection in the context of self-regulated learning. Homophily in connections was evident in the metrics pertaining to message content. Messages containing threshold concepts were distributed throughout the community without any noticeable clustering. The diversity of information available within the community highlights the students’ propensity to access personally meaningful information. The community structure did not include an aggregated connection, which is reminiscent of the structure of social networking services. In contrast, the network exhibited a paired-connection structure that was highly conducive to explaining connections to academic content, thereby reinforcing conceptual transformations.
Geometrical and Textural Features Extraction for Honey Plants Pollen Recognition
Authors: Zaykov Lyubomir , Tsankova Diana
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to investigate the extraction of features from microscopic images of honey plants pollen for classifying honey based on its botanical origin. Pollens from black locust, linden, lavender, canola and thistle are used. The color image of the pollen grain is converted into a gray image, from which classification features are extracted using popular texture recognition methods - Gabor filter, gray level co-occurrence matrix and local binary patterns. The extracted textural features are then processed with the principal component analysis method for dimensionality reduction and removal of correlated data. Geometric features related to the shape of the pollen grain are extracted from the binarized image. Through linear discriminant analysis, four classifiers are synthesized based on the textural and geometric features. To improve their performance, three hybrid structures mixing textural and geometric features are proposed. A comparative analysis of the performance of all seven linear classifiers is performed using a leave-one-out-cross-validation test. The best success rate obtained is 96%. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms is assessed through simulations conducted using the MATLAB programming language.
Development of Open Large Language Models for Artificial Intelligence Digital Textbooks
Authors: Lee Youngho
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being utilized in various fields, and research on generative AI, particularly within natural language processing (NLP) technology, is actively being conducted. Currently, research related to generative AI in the education sector utilizes closed large language models (LLMs) like GPT. However, these models have limitations, as they are difficult to fine-tune and incur high costs. This study aims to explore the potential educational applications of Open LLMs by fine-tuning and comparing the performance of Llama2 and Polyglot, which are built on a Korean-based model, with Llama3, which is not based on a Korean model. The experimental results, using a question-and-answer dataset from elementary school social studies and science subjects, showed that the Llama2 13B model exhibited the highest performance, followed by the Polyglot 12.8B model. The Llama3 8B model achieved approximately 93.08% of the performance of the Llama2 13B model and about 98.63% of the performance of the Polyglot 12.8B model. This indicates that even relatively small, non-Koreanbased models can demonstrate high performance. These results suggest that future development of LLMs base models may omit the process of converting them into language-specific base models. Additionally, fine-tuning Open LLMs for educational applications shows potential for providing personalized education.
Global Trends and Slovak Republic Focus on Environmental, Social and Governance Research
Authors: Panko Matúš , Glova Jozef
Published: December 2024

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) research to identify global trends and specific focuses within the Slovak Republic. The analysis aims to explore the impact of ESG factors on corporate performance by examining 23,916 publications from 1990 to 2023. The study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the relationship between ESG factors and corporate performance through a systematic analysis of academic publications. The integration of ESG factors into investment decisions and corporate strategies has gained increasing attention in recent decades due to the growing importance of sustainable and responsible business practices. This study identifies the overall trends in ESG research on a global scale and focuses on the developments within the Slovak Republic, offering valuable insights into the unique challenges and opportunities related to ESG factors in the Slovak business environment. The findings of this analysis can enhance policymakers' and corporate leaders' understanding of ESG factors' impact on corporate performance in both a global and local context, and aid researchers in investigating the most relevant and significant ESG research topics.
Usability of Mobile Control Room and CCTV Systems for Crowd Control at Large-Scale Events with the Occurrence of a Large Number of People With Focus on the Czech Republic
Authors: Sláma Otomar , Hrinko Martin
Published: December 2024

This article deals with the issue of the use of modern instruments for crowd control, in particular the use of a mobile closed-circuit television system connected directly to the control room during largescale events. The article has two aims: to check the usability of this type of system especially from the perspective of increasing the safety of event visitors, and to identify the optimal technical solution for crowd monitoring and management and possible obstacles for deployment in the field. The article further focuses on the practical usability of the information obtained through the mobile camera system and the control centre for increasing the safety of event visitors from the perspective of security managers. The conducted investigation identified obstacles to the deployment of a mobile camera system as well as described the optimal parameters for the use of a mobile camera system, and it collected feedback from the security team participating in the security management of the event. The results of the contribution enable easier orientation in the selection of suitable hardware and software for crowd control; Key vulnerabilities in deploying mobile CCTV systems were identified, including issues such as data transmission stability over LTE networks and the financial costs of alternative solutions like satellite connections. Based on field testing and feedback from security teams, recommendations were made to improve the system’s effectiveness and adaptability, leading to more precise decision-making and proactive risk management at large-scale events.
The Impact of Megatrends on the Business Environment of EU27 Countries
Authors: Barkóciová Miroslava , Dolná Mária , Chrobák Marián , Ivaničková Mariana
Published: December 2024

The global business environment is constantly evolving due to various megatrends. Understanding these shifts is crucial for economies, particularly for managers responsible for decisionmaking in diverse industries. Managers benefit from knowing both, the specific business environment they operate in, or plan to enter, and the interconnected environments of neighbouring countries or economically similar regions. This paper, therefore, analyses how current megatrends impact the quality of the business environment within EU27 countries. This understanding is especially critical for small and medium-sized enterprises. The paper aims to assess the effects of selected megatrends on the business environment quality using regression and correlation analysis. Five prominent megatrends have been identified: M1 - Shift in Economic Power, M2 - Resource Scarcity, M3 - Technological Breakthrough, M4 - Social Change, and M5 - Rapid Urbanization. Each of these trends has been assigned measurable indicators. Regression analysis indicates that three of the five megatrends adversely impact the business environment quality in the EU27. Furthermore, correlation analysis reveals a strong linear dependence between the Shift in Economic Power and business environment quality, along with a moderate negative dependence related to Social Change. This approach clarifies the influence of megatrends on business environments, providing valuable insights for decision-makers aiming to navigate a shifting economic landscape.
Peer-Project-Based Learning in CNC Simulation Programming Courses
Authors: Sutopo Sutopo , Setiadi Bayu Rahmat , Prasetya Tri Adi , Harjanto Chrisna Tri , Sasongko Beni Tri , Saputri Virda Hersy Lutviana
Published: December 2024

The challenges of working with various dynamics and diverse job opportunities require students to have self-efficacy and creativity. Selfefficacy emphasizes courage in solving work challenges and creativity related to the supporting capacity of student innovation. This study aims to develop a peer-project-based learning (Peer PbL) model through model feasibility testing and model effectiveness testing. The research method uses a research and development approach by testing the model using an experimental method with a one-shot case study design. A total of 15 students were involved in this research, with the main topic discussion being CNC turning simulation. The results showed that the steps in the Peer-PbL model include team creation, providing challenges, preparing project plans, validating project suitability, doing projects, monitoring team performance, project presentations, and peer assessment. Feasibility assessments from machine learning experts, learning technologists, evaluation experts, CNC professionals, and CAD/CAM professionals indicate strong rater results and correlations. The results of testing the effectiveness of the Peer- PbLmodel in implementing classroom conditions turned out to be able to increase self-efficacy and creativity before and after the Peer-PbL model. This research is a strategy for updating PbL as a learning model by CNC simulation and programming courses.
Gender Differences in Immersive Reading With Interactive Electronic Picture Books
Authors: Teng Pei-Shan
Published: December 2024

This study examined the effectiveness of interactive electronic picture (IEP) books during immersive reading, impact on mental health education, and integrating gaming elements in educational settings. The mixed-methods experiment combined quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that males have higher levels of immersion during interactive reading. This study contributes to digital learning by providing empirical evidence on the benefits of integrating interactive technology into education as well as emphasizing IEP books’ potential to revolutionize mental health education and the importance of considering gender differences when designing educational tools.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Information Quality in E-Learning: An Example of Online Learning with Brainly
Authors: Srimulyo Koko , Yuadi Imam , Hu Chih-Chien , Indarwati Imroatus Sholehah Afifah , Gunarti Endang , Pratiwi Friska Dwi
Published: December 2024

Evaluating information quality within these applications becomes paramount to ensure student satisfaction, involving assessments of completeness, relevance, and other factors. To address this concern, the study employs the quality of information system (QIS) model, focusing on characteristics that enhance the value of information. An analysis, grounded in time, content, and form dimensions, offers a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the current state of information quality in e-learning applications such as Brainly. Consequently, many students in various regions, particularly Madiun, expressed satisfaction with the time, content, and form of the information provided by Brainly, resulting in an information quality score of 81%. This study contributes to the dimensions of time and form within the Brainly application. Emphasizing these dimensions yields valuable insights into the application's advantages from the users' perspective and provides recommendations for enhancing the Brainly application's capacity to deliver timely information and offer a user-friendly experience.
Evaluation of Bacterial and Particle Filtration of Medical Masks
Authors: Kalantary Saba , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Masoorian Ensieh , Someah Mirghani Seyd , Barkhordarian Zahra , Hajinejad Sara , Golbabaei Farideh
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Protection of the respiratory system has been a vital, and for this purpose, various solutions have been proposed, including the use of masks. One of the most important parameters to measure the effectiveness of the mask against the penetration of microbial agents. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the bacterial and particle filtration of medical masks.
Material and Methods: To assess bacterial performance, the national standard 6138, compliant with EN14683, and Type I medical masks were utilized. Staphylococcus aureus bacterial suspension was prepared and passed through the mask using a nebulizer and through an impactor with a flow rate of 28.3 l/min. Plates containing soy agar were placed in the impactor. Subsequently, all plates were incubated, and the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of the masks was determined by counting the bacterial colonies that passed through the mask’s media as a percentage of the total bacteria. It is worth noting that the pressure drop and particle filtration efficiency were also determined for all masks
Results: Based on the results of the particle removal performance for the particle size of 3 μ, the masks were categorized into three groups with efficiency above 99%, above 95% and 90%. According to the standard, all masks had an acceptable pressure drop below 40 Pa. The acceptable bacterial filtration rate for type I masks should be above 95%. The results showed that type A and B masks have an acceptable bacterial filtration rate and there is a significant correlation between the types of masks examined in terms of bacterial and particle efficiency.
Conclusion: The results showed that different types of masks under investigation have significant differences in terms of particle capture efficiency and bacterial filtration performance. In addition, there is a significant correlation between bacterial and particle filtration efficiency.
Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Determination and Verification for Gas Turbine and Generator in a Combined Cycle Power Plant
Authors: Gholami Behzad , Jabbari Mousa , Eskandari Davood
Published: December 2024

Introduction: One of the ways to produce electricity in power plants is to use gas turbines and generators. Due to the use of methane gas as the fuel of the burners and the high rotation speed, this equipment has a high DOW index level, therefore, if the hazardous conditions in the gas turbine are not controlled by the safety instrumented system and the process is not directed to a safe state, Catastrophic events will occur such as fire and explosion and damage to property and people as well as interruption of the power generation process will happen in the long term, so gas turbine safety instrumentation systems can be considered as “critical safety systems”. Therefore, the reliability and availability of their function should be evaluated. The purpose of this research is to determine and verify the safety integrity level (SIL) related to the safety instrumented function (SIF) of the gas turbine and generator in a combined cycle power plant.
Material and Methods: In this study, the safety integrity level was determined by using two methods, Calibrated Risk Graph (CRG) and Independent Protection Layer Analysis (LOPA), and to verify the safety integrity level, the requirements related to random hardware failure, hardware failure tolerance, and systematic capability are considered according to IEC 61511 and IEC 61508 standards.
Results: The results of a case study in gas turbine and generator showed that the LOPA method is more quantitative than CRG and provides more details of independent protective layers, so it is a more suitable method for determining SIL. The SIL verification results show the SIL2 level, closer to the LOPA results.
Conclusion: The obtained results show that the function of the studied gas turbine safety instrumentation system has a suitable level of reliability and availability and is well responsive to risky conditions and possible deviations. The present approach helps safety engineers and instrumentation engineers to calculate the reliability and availability of the Function of the safety instrumentation systems of their process equipment and ensure its acceptability or not
Development of a Conceptual Model to Identify and Rank Environmental and Health Costs of Work-Related Diseases Using Delphi Study and Analytic Network Process
Authors: Jondabeh Salimeh Ghassemi , Dana Tooraj , Robati Maryam , Abedi Zahra , Golbabaei Farideh
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Improving health and the environment is one of the components of development, social welfare, and economic growth. Another influential factor in increasing health costs and reducing social welfare is work-related accidents and diseases, which impose high costs on individuals, industries, and the national economies of countries. Therefore, using multi-criteria decision-making methods, the present study provided a conceptual model to identify and rank work-related diseases’ environmental and health costs.
Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in 2023. A classification model for the economic evaluation of environmental and health costs of occupational diseases was developed to achieve the study’s aim. In the current research, the Delphi method was used to identify health and environmental criteria, and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to weight the sub-criteria. Finally, the cost of health and the environment was estimated based on the available information. Naft Tehran Hospital (NSHT) was also selected as a case study site.
Results: The results showed that the drug and medical equipment cost factor, with a weight of 0.312 in the treatment sector, and the particular and infectious waste cost factor, with a weight of 0.085, were the most critical factors in the economic evaluation. Also, the parametric model results showed that 99.84% of the total costs are related to health costs, and 0.16% are related to environmental costs. In general, the results of this research showed that 61.3% of the costs of the health sector are related to the two sectors of medicine and medical equipment and the cost of service personnel, and 91.7% of the costs of the environmental sector are related to wastewater treatment and the cost of electricity consumption.
Conclusion: This study presented a semi-quantitative model to estimate health and environmental costs caused by occupational diseases. The results can create a novel scientific insight into implementing control measures using the optimal point of cost-benefit parameters. Implementing this integrated model can be a practical and effective step in allocating resources and prioritizing interventions.
Effect of Production and Application Parameters on Acoustic Performance of Wood Wool Cement Panels
Authors: Jafari Ali , Esmaeelpour Mohammad Reza Monazzam , Zandsalimi Fardin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: A wood-wool cement panel (WWCP) is wood wool combined with Portland cement mortar. This environmentally friendly acoustic material can be used as a thermal insulator and fire-resistance material with desired mechanical properties. This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which WWCP absorbs sound and the effect of production and application parameters on absorption
Material and Methods: The samples were prepared from poplar wood wool and white Portland cement as a binder in two Cement Fiber Ratios (CFR), namely 2:0.7 and 2:0.95, with bulk densities of 400, 500, and 600 Kg/m3 and thicknesses of 2 and 4 cm. Three layers of backing: air, polyurethane foam, and glass wool were examined separately. Acoustic absorption coefficient was measured using an impedance tube based on ISO 10534-2.
Results: The highest increase in the average absorption coefficient due to the increase in thickness was observed for the sample with a density of 400 kg/m3 and CFR = 2: 0.95, equal to 0.3. Increasing the bulk density to 500 kg/m3 for most samples and in the high-frequency range led to rising absorption efficiency. The optimal backing effect was due to the placement of 4 cm of polyurethane foam behind the sample, which in both thicknesses led to an absorption peak with an absorption coefficient higher than 0.95 at frequencies between 400 and 500 Hz. Selected samples showed that painting WWCPs led to a limited drop in absorption coefficients at high frequencies, comparing the before and after painting results with oil-based paints.
Conclusion: Tuning the absorption frequencies of these absorbers can be achieved by altering factors such as the thickness or density. It has been demonstrated that the effects of thickness and bulk density on the sound absorption of WWCP are related to each other. Concerning the CFR values, increasing the density did not significantly affect absorption in the two frequency ranges
Renge Bağlı Köy Adlandırmalarında Kastamonu Örneği
Authors: Topal Erol
Published: December 2024

Ad biliminin başlıca inceleme alanları kişi adları, yer adları, hayvan adları ve bitki adlarıdır. Bunlar içinde yer adları (toponimi), bir ülkenin sosyal ve kültürel özelliklerini ortaya koyması açısından incelenmesi gereken önemli alanlardan birisidir. Yer adları içinde de köy adları ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Çünkü köyler, yerleşilen yerlerin vatan hâline getirilmesinde, kültürün yaşatılması ve kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılmasında köprü vazifesi görmektedir.
İdari teşkilatın en küçük yönetim birimi olan köyler, Türkiye’deki yerleşimlerin aydınlatılması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Anadolu’ya gelen Türkler için ilk yerleşim yerlerinden biri olan ve bünyesinde pek çok köyü barındıran Kastamonu, eski çağlardan bu güne birçok medeniyetin izini taşımaktadır.
Kastamonu sınırları içerisinde bulunan 1054 köy adlandırılırken birçok unsur göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Bu unsurlardan biri de renklerdir. Kastamonu’da renklerden ismini alan köy sayısı 119 olup sadece ikisi yabancı iken diğerleri tamamen Türkçedir. Renk isimleri niteleme sıfatı olmaları sebebiyle köy adlarında tamlayan unsuru olarak kullanılmıştır. Renkler, bazı köy adlarında tek başına kullanılırken bazılarında ise hem yapım eki hem de çekim eki almıştır.
Manichaean Christology Through The Lens Of Late Antique Heresiology: Between Stereotypes And Reality
Authors: Menéndez Sánchez Guillermo
Published: December 2024

The present article proposes an analysis of the confrontation between Manichaeism and Late Antique heresiology regarding the figure of Jesus. Manichean Christology is a particularly complex subject. However, most heresiologists have stereotyped Manichean beliefs, and assimilated them to Monophysitism, and especially the most extreme ramifications, which were Docetic or questioned the authenticity of the incarnation of God. Therefore, the accusation of Manichaeism plays a fundamental role in the Christological controversies of Late Antiquity. Contemporary to the development of these stereotypes, there is a small group of sources, from the end of the fifth and the beginning of the sixth centuries, that move away from these stereotypes and report various Christological doctrines closer to Manichean sources. These texts seem to indicate that, during this period, Christian writers had access to information unknown to their predecessors, which coincided with the last persecution of Manichaeism in the Eastern Mediterranean.
O Constitucionalismo Multinível e a proteção dos direitos humanos e direitos dos grupos vulneráveis nas Constituições Estaduais (Subnacionais)
Authors: Andrade Luís Gustavo Medeiros de , Leal Mônia Clarissa Hennig
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem o propósito de analisar como o Constitucionalismo Multinível, mais especificamente o Constitucionalismo Subnacional referente às Constituições Estaduais, pode ser utilizado como mais instrumento na proteção dos direitos humanos. Assim, no primeiro tópico, é realizada uma análise da organização do Estado conforme o decorrer das Constituições Nacionais brasileiras, demonstrando que sempre houve uma luta entre interesses centralizadores e descentralizadores do poder nacional. A despeito da gradativa descentralização formal do Estado Brasileiro através de uma federação quadripartida, a Constituição de 1988 manteve a tradição quase secular de concentração de competências no poder central. No segundo tópico, é realizado um estudo do Constitucionalismo Subnacional como uma modalidade do Constitucionalismo Multinível, apresentando-se uma nova perspectiva para a autonomia dos Estados-membros, através de uma ótica “bottom-up” (de baixo para cima), onde são verificadas as potencialidades do espaço de autonomia das Constituições Estaduais a partir da legiferação dos direitos fundamentais estaduais. Por fim, no terceiro tópico, é apresentado o resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada nas Constituições Estaduais brasileiras, demonstrando-se vários dispositivos referentes à proteção de direitos humanos e de grupos vulneráveis. Assim, conclui-se que as Constituições Estaduais são mais um dos instrumentos do Constitucionalismo Multinível na proteção dos direitos humanos.
South Korea’s leaders’ perceptions and the decision of hedging: Assessing China, the US and North Korea’s role
Authors: Silva Viana Thaisa da , Gonçalves de Oliveira Alana Camoça , Silveira Nummer Martha
Published: December 2024

La competencia geoestratégica entre la red de seguridad liderada por Estados Unidos en el Indo-Pacífico y China se está intensi­ficando. En medio de la rivalidad hegemó­nica entre estos dos países, Corea del Sur surge como un actor que busca encontrar su lugar en esta creciente rivalidad entre Washington y Pekín. A pesar de ser un socio estratégico formal de Estados Uni­dos, es común en la literatura académica argumentar que Seúl ha mostrado un com­portamiento similar al hedging a lo largo de los años. En este artículo demostramos que el entorno estratégico, caracterizado por niveles variados de percepción de ame­nazas, y las orientaciones políticas de los líderes respecto a Corea del Norte son cru­ciales para dar forma al comportamien­to estratégico de Corea del Sur (hedging, balancing o bandwagoning). Evaluamos el comportamiento de Corea del Sur utili­zando un análisis realista neoclásico de las percepciones de sus líderes respecto a Corea del Norte, Estados Unidos y China. Las variables independientes incluyen la distri­bución de poder en el sistema internacional, el contexto regional, la interdependencia económica y la red de alianzas de Estados Unidos. Nuestras variables intervinientes son las percepciones de los líderes, especí­ficamente sus evaluaciones de riesgo, y las imágenes que guían sus decisiones de hed­ging, balancing o bandwagoning con China y Estados Unidos. La investigación se llevó a cabo a través de un análisis bibliográfico y un examen de documentos oficiales, inclui­dos libros blancos, informes de defensa y discursos oficiales. Un hallazgo clave es que comprender el comportamiento de seguri­dad de Seúl requiere un examen cuidadoso de las acciones de Corea del Norte. Además, la decisión de hacer hedging o balancing no está impulsada por factores ideológicos; más bien, proviene de la percepción de cuál de los dos –China o Estados Unidos– apoya mejor las estrategias políticas de Seúl y sus relaciones esperadas con Pyongyang.
Cooperación Corea del Sur-Colombia al año 2030: hacia la consolidación de una alianza estratégica para aprovechar el conocimiento como catalizador del desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Ramos Héndez Ivonne Andrea , Suárez Cáceres Betsy Nathaly
Published: December 2024

La República de Corea busca consolidar su influencia en la agenda global de desarrollo y mantener su posición como potencia inter­media. Entre sus instrumentos de política exterior, se destaca la asistencia oficial al desarrollo (AOD), a través de la cual, además de promover su experiencia de transición de país menos desarrollado a país de renta alta, busca afianzar la cooperación política y económica con sus países socios, princi­palmente en el Sudeste Asiático, África y Suramérica.
A 2030, Corea se ha comprometido a destinar 0,3% de su ingreso nacional bruto (INB) para financiar su AOD global. Esto implica doblar su actual presupuesto anual de USD 3.331 millones a más de USD 6.700 millones en los próximos cinco años. Si las condiciones de crecimiento económico se mantienen estables, se perfila un aumento progresivo de la cooperación coreana hacia sus 27 países socios, a través de estrategias bilaterales de cooperación. La definición de una nueva agenda programática con Corea revela el mejor escenario para asegurar una cooperación “realmente estratégica” a fin de potenciar los aportes internacionales al progreso socioeconómico de Colombia.
Este artículo analiza el posicionamien­to geopolítico de Corea y su relacionamien­to con Colombia en el marco del ecosistema mundial de cooperación, a fin de consoli­dar la nueva “Country Partnership Stra­tegy–CPS” 2026-2030. Primero, hace una revisión de la política exterior de Corea, considerando sus transformaciones históri­cas, prioridades y desafíos. Segundo, expli­ca la política de cooperación coreana y el desempeño de sus flujos de AOD, resaltando su propuesta de valor basada en el conoci­miento como catalizador del desarrollo. Finalmente, propone recomendaciones a Colombia para la nueva estrategia bilateral, enfocándose en mecanismos de cooperación inexplorados y temáticas emergentes, en coherencia con su rol dual (receptor de AOD/ oferente de CSS) y sus aspiraciones de desa­rrollo.
Legal Individualisation of Criminal Punishments for Drug Trafficking in the Criminal Legislation of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Cojocaru Radion , Secrieru Sergiu
Published: December 2024

This study addresses the issue of the legal individualisation of criminal punishments for drug trafficking offences provided for in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Moldova. The rationale of the scientific approach lies in the need for a perpetual harmonisation of criminal legislation to the new trends of manifestation of drug trafficking, in order to make the applicable deterrent arsenal more efficient in relation to the various practical situations of committing these crimes. The aim is to re-evaluate the legal criteria for the individualisation of criminal punishments for drug trafficking offences and to assess the degree to which these criteria correspond to the deterrent purpose of the criminal punishments applicable to drug traffickers. Some solutions for a reference law on the harmonization of the punitive regime established for drug trafficking offences in strict accordance with their seriousness were substantiated. Based on the national specificity existing in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova (Republic of Moldova Criminal Code, 2002), it was proposed to create a separate incriminatory framework for trafficking in narcotic substances with narcotic effect, which are new generation drugs not provided for by the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (United Nations, 1961) and the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The ineffectiveness of the quantitative criterion for individualising penalties for trafficking in ethnobotanicals, represented by their quantitative proportions, has also been demonstrated. In this context, the idea of individualisation of criminal punishments for trafficking in ethnobotanicals based on qualitative criteria, which are represented by the risks that these substances pose to the health of consumers, was promoted.