bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated youth mental health service in a densely populated metropolitan area in Japan: Clinical case management bridges the gap between mental health and illness services
Authors: Uchino Takashi , Kotsuji Yumi , Kitano Tomoji , Shiozawa Takuma , Iida Satomi , Aoki Akiko , Iwai Momoko , Shirahata Masanori , Seki Akihiko , Mizuno Masafumi , Tanaka Kuniaki , Nemoto Takahiro
Published: November 2021

Aims

A global movement, including in Asia, is seeking to establish integrated youth mental health services that provide early intervention in the continuum from mental health to mental illness. Clinical case management (CCM), in which a case manager becomes not only a coordinator of services but also a provider of psychosocial support, can establish a ‘one‐stop network’ that supports youth in densely populated areas with various social resources. In 2019, we opened a community‐based centre called ‘SODA’ in front of a metropolitan railway station, which was designed to be highly accessible, stigma‐free and youth‐friendly to provide CCM. We aimed to clarify its services and effectiveness of CCM.

Methods

Data from 105 youths were investigated in a case‐controlled study, dividing them into two groups: those who had received CCM for 6 months, and those whose needs were met in fewer sessions.

Results

Twenty‐one subjects who received CCM for 6 months had difficulties in more domains than the others. The mean of the total service minutes for the subjects who received CCM for 6 months was 491.3 min: psychological support (accounted for 24.8% of the time), support for community living (31.2%), work support (13.8%), family support (10.5%) and support for cooperation with other organizations (19.8%). Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score improved significantly, from 46.6 at baseline to 59.3 at 6 months.

Conclusion

Even in metropolitan areas with numerous medical facilities, young people can face high barriers to access. CCM can be effective as an early intervention for subjects developing mental illness.
A comprehensive view of functional impairment in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder adds value
Authors: du Plessis Lara J. , Lochner Christine , Louw Derine , Hendricks Gaironeesa , Bowles Steven , Fischer Mareli , Stein Dan J. , Thomas Kevin G. F.
Published: November 2021

Aim

This study aimed to contribute to the paucity of literature on disability in youth with OCD, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Methods

In South Africa (a LMIC), data was collected from 26 children and adolescents with OCD (12 girls, 14 boys; age range 6–18 years), and their parents, on an outpatient basis. Clinical measures aimed at assessing functional impairment due to OCD were administered.

Results

Key findings were 1) that children with OCD reported being most significantly affected by their OC symptomatology within the school domain whereas parents placed emphasis on the impairment within the social domain; 2) scores on the Child Obsessive–Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised and the Children's Global Assessment Scale, were consistent, and 3) clinician‐rated symptom severity was positively associated with parental reports on children's impairment due to OCD. Findings show similarities with data from similar studies in a high‐income country (HIC) context.

Conclusions

Children with OCD and their parents do not necessarily agree on the ways in which OCD impacts their lives. A comprehensive view of functional impairment in children with OCD, that is, from the viewpoints of the patient, parents, and clinicians, is critical when treatment is planned. Such information may assist with selection of relevant treatment targets, and ultimately improve the quality of life of all affected.
Peritoneal bile acids concentration in adult horses with hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pozo Maria L. , Armengou Lara , Viu Judit , Ríos Jose , Jose‐Cunilleras Eduard
Published: November 2021

Background

Peritoneal bile acids concentration (PBAC) has not been previously reported in horses. A case of liver lobe torsion in which increased PBAC was detected prompted us to study PBAC in horses.

Objectives

(a) To determine a reference range of PBAC in horses; (b) to compare PBAC from horses with either hepatic or gastrointestinal disease and healthy horses and (c) to assess the prognostic and diagnostic values of PBAC.

Study design

Prospective case‐control.

Methods

Prospective observational clinical study. Bile acids concentrations were measured in both plasma and peritoneal fluid in selected clinical patients with hepatic or gastrointestinal disease (n = 108) and healthy horses (n = 11). Sixty‐eight of 108 patients survived to hospital discharge, and the remaining 40 were nonsurvivors. Additionally, other haematological and biochemistry analyses were performed.

Results

Sick horses were classified according to diagnosis into hepatic (n = 13), gastrointestinal (GI) obstructive (n = 48) and GI ischaemic‐inflammatory (n = 47) groups. The hepatic group had significantly higher PBAC (6.8 [2.3‐9.4]; median [IQR]) than the control (1.0 [0.6‐1.5]) and GI obstructive groups (1.2 [0.8‐1.7] µmol/L;P < .001). Moreover, the GI ischaemic‐inflammatory group (3.3 [1.4‐5.5]) also had significantly higher values than the control and GI obstructive groups (P < .001). Regarding outcome, the nonsurvivor group (n = 40) had significantly higher median PBAC value than the survivor group (n = 68, 4.1 [1.6‐6.5] vs 1.3 [0.8‐3];P < .001).

Main limitations

A higher number of horses with abdominal disease is required to confirm the clinical significance of these findings.

Conclusions

PBAC may have a role in the diagnosis of hepatic and gastrointestinal disease and as a prognostic tool in horses with abdominal pain.
Molecular regulators of HOXA9 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Aryal Sajesan , Zhang Yang , Wren Spencer , Li Chunliang , Lu Rui
Published: November 2021

Dysregulation of the oncogenic transcription factor HOXA9 is a prominent feature for most aggressive acute myeloid leukemia cases and a strong indicator of poor prognosis in patients. Leukemia subtypes with hallmark overexpression of HOXA9 include those carrying MLL gene rearrangements, NPM1c mutations, and other genetic alternations. A growing body of evidence indicates that HOXA9 dysregulation is both sufficient and necessary for leukemic transformation. The HOXA9 mRNA and protein regulation includes multilayered controls by transcription factors (such as CDX2/4 and USF2/1), epigenetic factors (such as MLL‐menin‐LEDGF, DOT1L, ENL, HBO1, NPM1c‐XPO1, and polycomb proteins), microRNAs (such as miR‐126 and miR‐196b), long noncoding RNAs (such as HOTTIP), three‐dimensional chromatin interactions, and post‐translational protein modifications. Recently, insights into the dynamic regulation of HOXA9 have led to an advanced understanding of the HOXA9 regulome and provided new cancer therapeutic opportunities, including developing inhibitors targeting DOT1L, menin, and ENL proteins. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling HOXA9 regulation and the pharmacological approaches that target HOXA9 regulators to treat HOXA9‐driven acute myeloid leukemia.
Mosaic translation hypothesis: chimeric polypeptides produced via multiple ribosomal frameshifting as a basis for adaptability
Authors: Çakır Umut , Gabed Noujoud , Brunet Marie , Roucou Xavier , Kryvoruchko Igor
Published: November 2021

How many different proteins can be produced from a single spliced transcript? Genome annotation projects overlook the coding potential of reading frames other than that of the reference open reading frames (refORFs). Recently, alternative open reading frames (altORFs) and their translational products, alternative proteins, have been shown to carry out important functions in various organisms. AltORFs overlapping refORFs or other altORFs in a different reading frame may be involved in one fundamental mechanism so far overlooked. A few years ago, it was proposed that altORFs may act as building blocks for chimeric (mosaic) polypeptides, which are produced via multiple ribosomal frameshifting events from a single mature transcript. We adopt terminology from that earlier discussion and call this mechanism mosaic translation. This way of extracting and combining genetic information may significantly increase proteome diversity. Thus, we hypothesize that this mechanism may have contributed to the flexibility and adaptability of organisms to a variety of environmental conditions. Specialized ribosomes acting as sensors probably played a central role in this process. Importantly, mosaic translation may be the main source of protein diversity in genomes that lack alternative splicing. The idea of mosaic translation is a testable hypothesis, although its direct demonstration is challenging. Should mosaic translation occur, we would currently highly underestimate the complexity of translation mechanisms and thus the proteome.
Developing critical thinking skills in Russian language studies: Online learning tools in Chinese universities
Authors: Hongwei Zhou
Published: November 2021

The article aims to determine the role of critical thinking skills in learning Russian at Chinese universities and to consider this aspect when organizing an online learning environment for students. The research involved 600 students and 50 teachers from the Russian language and math faculties. The analysis of Chinese students' Russian language learning allowed the conclusion that there is a possible relationship between language competence and critical thinking skills. At the same time, the study did not identify any educational standards that included critical thinking as a skill in the educational process. The study showed that the Chinese education system needs to align educational standards with fundamental concepts of critical thinking and move away from a random use of individual theories tools. Future research might concentrate on testing the hypothesis about the close relationship between critical thinking and success in learning Russian as an L2 using various statistical methods (for instance, Student's t test or Kruskal–Wallis test).
The perspectives of survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma on lung cancer screening: A qualitative study
Authors: Broadbent Rachel , Gorman Louise , Armitage Christopher J. , Radford John , Linton Kim
Published: November 2021

Background

Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (HLS) are at excess risk of lung cancer as a consequence of HL treatment. HLS without a heavy smoking history are currently unable to access lung cancer screening (LCS) programmes aimed at ever smokers, and there is an unmet need to develop a targeted LCS programme. In this study we prospectively explored HLS perspectives on a future LCS programme, including motivating factors and potential barriers to participation, with the aim of identifying ways to optimise uptake in a future programme.

Methods

Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with HLS, aged 18–80 and lymphoma‐free for ≥5 years, selected from a clinical database (ADAPT). Participants provided informed consent. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Despite awareness of other late effects, most participants were unaware of their excess risk of lung cancer. Most were willing to participate in a future LCS programme, citing the potential curability of early‐stage lung cancer and reassurance as motivating factors, whilst prior experience of healthcare was a facilitator. Whilst the screening test (a low dose CT scan) was considered acceptable, radiation risk was a concern for some and travel and time off work were potential barriers to participation.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that most HLS would participate in a future LCS programme, motivated by perceived benefits. Their feedback identified a need to develop educational materials addressing lung cancer risk and concerns about screening, including radiation risk. Such materials could be provided upon an invitation to LCS. Uptake in a future programme may be further optimized by offering flexible screening appointments close to home.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study dentinal microcracks
Authors: Versiani Marco Aurélio , Cavalcante Daniele Moreira , Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Souza Erick Miranda , De‐Deus Gustavo
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this narrative review was to discuss the scientific milestones that led to the current understanding of the root dentinal microcrack phenomenon based on the interplay between the usage of micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) as an analytical tool alongside a close‐to‐mouth experimental model. In 2009, reports on the development of dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth after root canal preparation triggered an awareness of the potential for vertical root fractures (VRFs) of endodontically treated teeth could be developed from defects created by the mechanical stress of nickel‐titanium preparation systems on dentine. This assumption was taken for granted, even though no cause–effect relationship had been scientifically demonstrated. Since then, several studies using the sectioning method with extracted teeth have been published and the large discrepancy amongst their outcomes soon become evident. Moreover, the high frequency of reported dentinal microcracks largely contrasted with the clinical incidence of VRFs, raising doubts on their methodological reliability. Using micro‐CT technology, it was demonstrated by several studies that, in extracted teeth, dentinal defects already existed before the endodontic procedures, indicating that the initial reports framed a non‐existing cause–effect relationship between canal preparation and dentinal microcracks. Although these new findings contributed to a better comprehension of this phenomenon, the misconception that microcracks were the starting point for VRFs was only surpassed with a new in situ approach using fresh cadavers. Surprisingly, microcracks were not identified in sound teeth. As a conclusion, dentinal microcracks in extracted teeth can be considered a non‐natural occurrence observed only in a laboratory set‐up as a consequence of dehydration and storage conditions. Thus, dentinal microcracks shall not be considered as the starting point for VRFs as they do not manifest in non‐extracted teeth. Identifying dentinal microcracks as a laboratory phenomenon highlights the impact of recent scientific developments to disclaim the clinical relevance of laboratory‐obtained outcomes.
Gas sources in chemical leavening and other baker’s yeast substitutes: lessons from patents and science
Authors: Gélinas Pierre
Published: November 2021

Baker’s yeast produces carbon dioxide during dough fermentation, which gives bakery foods with expanded volume. This review covers gas sources other than baker’s yeast according to information disclosed in patents and supported by scientific literature. Inventors had more interest in gas injection in dough, mainly carbon dioxide, than gas‐releasing agents available in chemical leavening, so‐called baking powder, with 58 and 43 patented inventions, respectively. For chemical leavening, 20 gas‐releasing agents were proposed, including 11 patented and 9 non‐patented agents like sodium bicarbonate, the most popular. Other gas‐releasing agents included miscellaneous salts of carbonate and bicarbonate (ammonium; calcium; magnesium; potassium) as well as compounds like hydrogen peroxide and, more recently, glutamic acid. Coatings were patented to protect sodium bicarbonate towards moisture and delay its action in dough. Recent trends include aerosol dough and flavourful sodium‐free gas‐releasing agents.
Mapping and quantification of cryptochrome expression in the brain of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Barberà Miquel , Collantes‐Alegre Jorge Mariano , Martínez‐Torres David
Published: November 2021

Aphids are paradigmatic photoperiodic animals often used to study the role of the circadian clock in the seasonal response. Previously, we described some elements of the circadian clock core (genes period and timeless) and output (melatonin, AANATs and PTTH) that could have a role in the regulation of the aphid seasonal response. More recently, we identified two opsins (C‐ops and SWO4) as candidate input photoperiodic receptors. In the present report, we focus on the study of cryptochromes (cry) as photoreceptors of the circadian clock and discuss their involvement in the seasonal response. We analyse the expression of cry1 and cry2 genes in a circadian and seasonal context, and map their expression sites in the brain. We observe a robust rhythmic expression of cry2 peaking at dusk in phase with core clock genes period and timeless, while cry1 shows a weaker rhythm. Changes in cry1 and cry2 expression correlate with activation of the seasonal response, suggesting a possible link. Finally, we map the expression of cry1 and cry2 genes to clock neurons in the pars lateralis, a region essential for the photoperiodic response. Our results support a role for cry as elements of the aphid circadian clock and suggest a role in photoreception for cry1 and in clock repression for cry2.
Mission and Christian Unity
Authors: Keramidas Dimitrios
Published: November 2021

Orthodox missiology became interested in the issue of Christian unity in the 1960s, as Orthodoxy came to be involved more actively in the ecumenical movement, with the support of a new generation of theologians (such as Anastasios Yannoulatos, Nikos Nissiotis, Alexander Schmemann, and Ion Bria) who shared the deep concern of envisaging the universal dimension of evangelism. Drawing from new missionary tendencies (the missio Dei) and against the background of the Orthodox tradition – especially the Johannine literature, the eucharist, and trinitarian theology – the Orthodox stressed that the proclamation of the gospel concerns equally the non‐Christians, as a call to communion with God, and the non‐Orthodox, as a call to the consolidation of this communion primarily among Christians. In this case, the mission becomes a living witness of the church to the world, with the purpose to bring the world into unity with God. Thanks to this perception, “unity as mission” has entered into the very centre of ecclesial action. These ideas can also be found in official Orthodox statements, from the 1990s to the Holy and Great Council of 2016, which largely embraced these new demands, although they also point out the limits of this “common Christian witness” and the danger of proselytism. In any case, common Christian witness seems to belong to the future of the ecumenical and global missionary movement.
The Gospel of Reconciliation and the Promise of a New Identity
Authors: Kääriäinen Jukka A.
Published: November 2021

Reconciliation is a fundamentally theological reality grounded in the being, work, and aims of the triune God. In light of this, how ought the reconciling ministry of Jesus inform and shape the ministry of reconciliation (2 Cor. 5:17‐21) to which Christians are called? In this article, I argue that a sufficiently robust gospel of reconciliation has dynamic, identity‐shaping power, informing a rewarding mission and ministry of reconciliation. My classical theological approach will use “promise” to interrelate gospel, reconciliation, and identity, situating reconciliation within the overarching biblical narrative plot. In doing so, I will distinguish my proposal from a progressive Christian “alter‐globalism” approach, identifying and constructively critiquing the latter’s shortcomings. These include truncating the reconciliation and the flourishing life to an immanent vision, reducing reconciliation to concepts and tasks of justice work, insufficiently connecting reconciliation to its larger soteriological framework, and failing to use the gospel for identity formation.
General inclusive victimhood predicts willingness to engage in intergroup contact: Findings from Bosnia‐Herzegovina and the Basque Country
Authors: Rupar Mirjana , Bobowik Magdalena , Arnoso Maitane , Arnoso Ainara , Vollhardt Johanna Ray
Published: November 2021

We investigated the relationship between general inclusive victimhood (i.e., perceived similarity between the ingroups’ and other victim groups’ experiences of collective victimization) and willingness to engage in direct, intimate (e.g., intimate relationships) and distant (e.g., neighbors) contact with the adversary group in the aftermath of collective violence. We tested this link across two post‐conflict contexts: Bosnia‐Herzegovina (N = 147 students) and the Basque Country (N = 351 adults). We found that general inclusive victimhood was linked to greater willingness to engage in distant intergroup contact in two contexts (e.g., having an outgroup member as a neighbor), but only predicted more intimate forms of intergroup contact (e.g., having a former adversary member as a romantic partner) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The link between general inclusive victimhood and both types of contact was sequentially mediated by conflict‐specific inclusive victimhood and trust in Bosnia‐Herzegovina and Basque Country, and via conflict‐specific inclusive victimhood and empathy in the Basque Country. Theoretical and practical implications for reconciliation in the aftermath of ethnic conflict are discussed.
Beliefs in government benevolence can promote individuals' compliance with government‐issued guidelines: The role of positive affect and general construal level
Authors: Belkin Liuba Y. , Kong Dejun Tony
Published: November 2021

As the U.S. and the world continues to grapple with the health and economic damages caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is vital to understand the correlates of individuals' compliance with the U.S. CDC's (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) guidelines for this pandemic to aid the country's recovery from this crisis and shed light on risk mitigation in future crises. The present research examines why some individuals complied with the CDC's COVID‐19 guidelines to a greater extent than others during the first wave of the pandemic in the U.S. We propose the model grounded in the beliefs‐affect‐engagement framework and integrate research on benevolence and construal level theory to provide an explanation. In a two‐wave survey study conducted in March–April 2020, we found that the beliefs in the U.S. federal government's benevolence held by individuals with high general construal levels were positively related to the extent to which they complied with the CDC's COVID‐19 guidelines, in part due to their positive affect; however, among individuals with low general construal levels, their beliefs in the U.S. federal government's benevolence were not predictive of their compliance. Based on our findings, we discuss theoretical implications and practical insights about facilitative factors for public compliance with government‐issued guidelines during crises.
Natural moisturizing factors in children with and without eczema: Associations with lifestyle and genetic factors
Authors: Basu M.N. , Mortz C.G. , Jensen T.K. , Barington T. , Halken S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Filaggrin‐derived natural moisturizing factors (NMF) play an important role in skin barrier function and in atopic dermatitis (AD). Its deficiency is associated with dry skin and increased surface pH. Studies on childhood environmental exposures and associations with NMF levels are scarce.

Objectives

To investigate previous exposures and genetic factors and their associations with NMF levels in young children.

Methods

In a case‐control study nested in a prospective birth cohort (Odense Child Cohort), 169 healthy controls (HC) and 99 children with AD were included consecutively at the age of 7 years based on previous responses from questionnaires administered at 18 months, 3 years and 5 years, pertaining to past medical history, including allergy‐specific questions. NMF levels were measured via a stratum corneum tape‐stripping technique, genotyping for filaggrin (FLG) gene variants was performed and data on external exposures, including usage of moisturizer and topical steroids, antibiotics and early pet exposures, were obtained from questionnaires.

Results

Natural moisturizing factors levels were significantly lower in AD participants compared to HC (P < 0.001). This significance persisted after stratifying for AD subgroups of present AD, current AD during the last year and previous AD (P < 0.001, P = 0.039, P = 0.009 respectively). There was a significant association between NMF and FLG genotype (P = 0.016, P = 0.002 for HC, AD respectively). NMF levels were negatively correlated with early age moisturizer use (<18 months, P = 0.001) in HC but not significant in AD.

Conclusions

We found decreased levels of NMF with early moisturizer use and a genetic influence of the FLG variant on these levels. NMF was decreased in the AD subgroup with previous AD compared with HC, which could suggest the persistence of a Th2 cytokine milieu suppressing these levels.
Clinical and dermatoscopic predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the lips: a case‐control, multicentric study
Authors: Lallas A. , Martínez G. , Arceu M. , Kyrgidis A. , Liopyris K. , Brancaccio G. , Longo C. , Errichetti E. , Sgouros D. , Papageorgiou C. , Fotiadou C. , Siskou S. , Manoli S.M. , Sotiriou E. , Ioannides D. , Katoulis A. , Lazaridou E. , Todorovska V. , Argenziano G. , Apalla Z.
Published: November 2021

Background

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip accounts for 20% of all oral carcinomas. Its diagnosis may be challenging because it clinically resembles actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips.

Objectives

To determine clinical and dermatoscopic predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip vs. other lip lesions.

Methods

Multicentre retrospective morphological study, including histologically confirmed cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip and controls consisting of actinic cheilitis and inflammatory lesions of the lips. Clinical and dermatoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression respectively.

Results

A total of 177 lip lesions were evaluated, 107 (60.5%) were squamous cell carcinomas and 70 (39.5%) were controls. The most frequent dermatoscopic criteria of lip squamous cell carcinoma were scales (100%), white halos (87.3%) and ulceration (79.4%). The majority of squamous cell carcinomas displayed polymorphic vessels (60.8%), with linear (68.6%) and hairpin (67.6%) being the most frequent types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that clinical predictors of lip squamous cell carcinoma were exophytic appearance and clinical hyperkeratosis, with 43‐fold and 6‐fold higher probability respectively. White clods and ulceration in dermoscopy presented a 6‐fold and 4‐fold increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma respectively.

Conclusions

A scaly lesion with exophytic growth, dermatoscopically displaying white clods, ulceration and linear and hairpin vessels is very likely a squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.
Clustering model responses in the frequency space for improved simulation‐based flood risk studies: The role of a cluster number
Authors: Sikorska‐Senoner Anna E.
Published: November 2021

Hydrologic models are often employed in flood risk studies to simulate possible hydrologic responses. They are, however, linked with uncertainty that is commonly represented with uncertainty intervals constructed based on a simulation ensemble. This work adapts an alternative clustering‐based approach to first, learn about hydrological responses in the frequency space, and second, select an optimal number of clusters and corresponding representative parameters sets for a hydrologic model. Each cluster is described with three parameter sets, which enable percentile and prediction intervals to be constructed. Based on a small Swiss catchment with 10,000 years of daily pseudo‐discharge simulations, it was found that clustering the ensemble of 1000 members into 5–7 groups is optimal to derive reliable flood prediction intervals in the frequency space. This lowers the computational costs of using a hydrological model by 98%. The developed approach is suitable for probabilistic flood risk analysis with current or future climate conditions to assess hydrologic changes.
The impact of a modified carbohydrate formula, and its constituents, on glycaemic control and inflammatory markers: A nested mechanistic sub‐study
Authors: Doola Ra'eesa , Deane Adam M. , Barrett Helen L. , Okano Satomi , Tolcher Debbie M. , Gregory Kye , Coombes Jeff S. , Schalkwijk Casper , Todd Alwyn S. , Forbes Josephine M. , Sturgess David J.
Published: November 2021

Background

Hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in the critically ill. Dietary intake of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs), specifically Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), may exacerbate hyperglycaemia through perturbation of insulin sensitivity. The present study aimed to determine whether the use of nutritional formulae, with varying AGE loads, affects the amount of insulin administered and inflammation.

Methods

Exclusively tube fed patients (n = 35) were randomised to receive Nutrison Protein Plus Multifibre®, Diason® or Glucerna Select®. Insulin administration was standardised according to protocol based on blood glucose (<10 mmol L–1). Samples were obtained at randomisation and 48 h later. AGEs in nutritional formula, plasma and urine were measured using mass spectrometry. Plasma inflammatory markers were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex bead‐based assays.

Results

AGE concentrations of CML in nutritional formulae were greatest with delivery of Nutrison Protein Plus® (mean [SD]; 6335 pmol mol–1 [2436]) compared to Diason® (4836 pmol mol–1 [1849]) and Glucerna Select® (4493 pmol mol–1 [1829 pmol mol–1]) despite patients receiving similar amounts of energy (median [interquartile range]; 12 MJ [8.2–13.7 MJ], 11.5 MJ [8.3–14.5 MJ], 11.5 MJ [8.3–14.5 MJ]). More insulin was administered with Nutrison Protein Plus® (2.47 units h–1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57–3.37 units h–1]) compared to Diason® (1.06 units h–1 [95% CI = 0.24–1.89 units h–1]) or Glucerna Select® (1.11 units h–1 [95% CI = 0.25–1.97 units h–1]; p = 0.04). Blood glucose concentrations were similar. There were associations between greater insulin administration and reductions in circulating interleukin‐6 (r = –0.46, p < 0.01), tumour necrosis factor‐α (r = −0.44, p < 0.05), high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (r = −0.42, p < 0.05) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (r = −0.45, p < 0.01) concentrations.

Conclusions

The administration of greater AGE load in nutritional formula potentially increases the amount of insulin required to maintain blood glucose within a normal range during critical illness. There was an inverse relationship between exogenous insulin and plasma inflammatory markers.
A role for deficits in GABAergic neurosteroids and their metabolites with NMDA receptor antagonist activity in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Rasmusson Ann M. , Pineles Suzanne L. , Brown Kayla D. , Pinna Graziano
Published: November 2021

Trauma‐focused psychotherapies show general efficacy in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although outcomes vary substantially among individuals with PTSD and many patients do not achieve clinically meaningful symptom improvement. Several factors may contribute to poor treatment response, including genetic or environmental (e.g., stress) effects on neurobiological factors involved in learning and memory processes critical to PTSD recovery. In this review, we discuss the relationship between deficient GABAergic neurosteroid metabolites of progesterone, allopregnanolone (Allo) and pregnanolone (PA), and PTSD symptoms in men and women or PTSD‐like behavioral abnormalities observed in male rodent models of PTSD. We also review the role and molecular underpinnings of learning and memory processes relevant to PTSD recovery, including extinction, extinction retention, reconsolidation of reactivated aversive memories and episodic non‐aversive memory. We then discuss preclinical and clinical research that supports a role in these learning and memory processes for GABAergic neurosteroids and sulfated metabolites of Allo and PA that allosterically antagonize NMDA receptor function. Studies supporting the possible therapeutic impact of appropriately timed, acutely administered Allo or Allo analogs to facilitate extinction retention and/or block reconsolidation of aversive memories are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss important future directions for research in this area. Examining the varied and composite effects in PTSD of these metabolites of progesterone, as well as neuroactive derivatives of other parent steroids produced in the brain and the periphery, will likely enable a broadening of targets for treatment development. Defining contributions of these neuroactive steroids to common PTSD‐comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions, as well as subpopulation‐specific underlying dysfunctional physiological processes such as hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and immune system dysregulation, may also enable development of more effective multisystem precision medicines to prevent and treat the broader, polymorbid sequelae of extreme and chronic stress.
Optimal application method of a moisturizer on the basis of skin physiological functions
Authors: Ueda Yukiko , Murakami Yumi , Saya Yumiko , Matsunaka Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Background

Clinical studies have clarified the usefulness of moisturizers for dry skin diseases. However, few reports exist on the appropriate application of moisturizers with respect to the skin physiological functions.

Aims

To clarify the optimal moisturizer application method on the basis of skin physiological functions.

Methods

This study investigated the appropriate time, dose, and frequency of moisturizer application from the perspective of skin physiology. In healthy subjects, the stratum corneum water content (SCW) was compared between different moisturizer application times (immediately [≤5 min] and 90 min after bathing), doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/cm2), and frequencies (once and twice daily). Thereafter, patients with dry skin were treated with the moisturizer once or twice daily for 8 weeks at the time, and application dose was determined to be optimal for the healthy subjects; the moisturizing effect was evaluated based on the SCW, trypsin activity, and desmoglein 1 localization score in the stratum corneum.

Results

In healthy subjects, compared to at control sites, the SCW was significantly higher at sites treated with the moisturizer immediately after bathing, with 1.0 and 2.0 mg/cm2 of the moisturizer, and with once‐ and twice‐daily applications.

In patients with dry skin, the SCW was significantly higher compared to control sites and the desmoglein 1 localization score was significantly lower after 8 weeks only when the moisturizer was applied twice daily.

Conclusions

Moisturizer application of ≥1.0 mg/cm2 twice daily (immediately after bathing at night and in the morning) had a moisturizing effect, as verified from the skin physiological functions.
Advanced osmotic dehydration techniques combined with emerging drying methods for sustainable food production: Impact on bioactive components, texture, color, and sensory properties of food
Authors: Pandiselvam Ravi , Tak Yamini , Olum Emine , Sujayasree O. J. , Tekgül Yeliz , Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Kaur Manpreet , Nayi Pratik , Kothakota Anjineyulu , Kumar Manoj
Published: November 2021

The food industries are looking for potential preservation methods for fruits and vegetables. The combination of osmosis and drying has proved the efficient method to improve the food quality. Osmotic dehydration is a mass transfer process in which water molecules from the food move to an osmo‐active solution and the solutes from the solution migrate into the food. Advanced osmotic dehydration techniques such as electric field pulse treatment, ultrasonic and microwave‐assisted dehydration, pulsed vacuum, and osmodehydrofreezing can improve the nutritional quality (bioactive) and sensory properties (color, texture, aroma, flavor) of fresh and cut‐fruits without changing their reliability. Emerging osmotic dehydration technologies can preserve the structure of fruit tissue by forming microscopic channels and increasing effective water diffusivity. However, it is important to analyze the effect of advanced osmotic dehydration techniques on the quality of food products to understand the industrial scalability of these techniques. The present paper discusses the impact of recent osmotic dehydration techniques on bioactive, antioxidant capacity, color, and sensory profile of food.
Transitions for whom? Political alignment and subsidies for solar energy projects in rural Colombian municipalities
Authors: Cunial Santiago L.
Published: November 2021

Does having a politically aligned mayor affect the amount of funds that municipalities receive to develop solar energy? This article contributes to the literature on energy transitions by considering how political alignment affects the subnational distribution of subsidies for the development of small‐scale solar projects in noninterconnected municipalities in Colombia. By analyzing the 2015 Colombian mayoral elections with a regression discontinuity design, I show that municipalities that have a mayor aligned with the national incumbent party receive on the average U.S.$256 per capita more than those in which the major is not politically aligned. Yet, this effect holds only for municipalities with close elections, which in turn provides evidence of the swing‐voter hypothesis. I theorize that these differences can be explained by the nature of off‐grid solar systems as a private good in Colombian municipalities. The allocation of subsidies to aligned subnational regions is a strategy to consolidate the rule of the national party at the local level, whereby the national government can optimize electoral outcomes and legislative outputs.

¿En que medida tener un alcalde alineado políticamente con el gobierno central afecta el financiamiento que recibe una municipalidad para desarrollar energía solar? Este artículo contribuye a la literatura sobre transiciones energéticas al considerar cómo el alineamiento político afecta la distribución subnacional de subsidios para el desarrollo de proyectos solares de pequeña escala en municipios no interconectados de Colombia. Analizo las elecciones a las alcaldías colombianas de 2015, con un diseño de regresión discontinua, y muestro que los municipios que tienen un alcalde alineado con el gobierno nacional reciben en promedio U.S.$256 per cápita más que aquéllos en los que el alcalde no está políticamente alineado. Este efecto persiste en los municipios con elecciones más competitivas, lo que proporciona evidencia de la hipótesis del votante indeciso. Argumento que estas diferencias pueden explicarse por la naturaleza de los proyectos solares de pequeña escala como bienes privados. La asignación de subsidios a regiones subnacionales alineadas es una estrategia para consolidar el gobierno del partido nacional a nivel local, mediante el cual el gobierno nacional puede optimizar los resultados electorales y legislativos.

拥有一个政治倾向与执政党一致的市长，能影响城市用于开发太阳能所获得的资金数量吗？本文通过衡量政治倾向如何影响哥伦比亚不通电地区中用于开发小规模太阳能项目的地方补贴分配，进而对关于能源转型的文献作贡献。通过使用断点回归设计分析2015年哥伦比亚市长竞选，我发现，市长的政治倾向与国家执政党一致的城市所获得的资金数比其他城市平均高出256美金/每人。不过，这仅在选举结果势均力敌的的城市中成立，这反过来证明了中间选民假设（swing‐voter hypothesis）。我提出理论认为，哥伦比亚城市中离网太阳能系统作为私有物品的性质能解释这些差异。将补贴分配给政治倾向与执政党一致的地区是一种策略，用于巩固执政党对地方的控制，国家政府借此能优化选举结果和法律输出。
Abundance and importance of petrological type 1 chondritic material
Authors: Russell Sara S. , Suttle M. D. , King A. J.
Published: November 2021

We review the mineralogy, petrology, and abundance of petrological type 1 extraterrestrial material. Such material has been completely altered by aqueous processing on its parent bodies. As well as the four meteorite groups that contain type 1 members (CI, CM, CR, and CY), we summarize data from the 2019 fall Flensburg and a recent reanalysis of the “meteorite” Bench Crater found on the Moon, along with fine‐grained micrometeorites, interplanetary dust particles, and xenoliths in meteorites. Type 1 materials exhibit a remarkably high diversity of alteration conditions (temperature, water‐to‐rock [W/R] ratios, and fluid composition) and starting mineralogy. Type 1 material comprises a significant component of the modern extraterrestrial flux to the Earth and was likely common throughout the solar system during the whole course of its history, pointing to both widespread accretion with ices and heating of parent bodies. Type 1 materials are composed predominantly of various phyllosilicates, carbonates, sulfides, and magnetite. Some type 1 materials appear to be part of a “CM clan” typified by serpentine‐rich phyllosilicate compositions and an oxygen isotope composition that falls in the 16O‐rich part of the CM field. Others span a wide range in δ18O (>30‰) and fall on or above the terrestrial fractionation line (+ve Δ17O). Positive Δ17O values are unusual for carbonaceous meteorites but are relatively common in type 1 materials. The wide variation in oxygen isotopes, as well as in textures, mineralogy, and bulk chemistry, points to multiple parent bodies that may originate in the inner and/or outer solar system. Cometary materials, or transition objects such as Main Belt comets or type D asteroids, are likely the source of much of the type 1 materials on Earth but relating them to specific parents requires more study.
The Woman Who Testified: The Pentecostalization of Psychiatry in Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon
Authors: Durham Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

This article takes a case study approach to the predominance of Pentecostalism, a Christian movement emphasizing conversion and testimony to divine grace, among patients at Sommeil Psychiatric Hospital in Yaoundé, Republic of Cameroon. I argue that certain patients’ desire to serve as témoignage (French) or “testimony” (English) to life before and after Sommeil—to the efficacy of biomedical psychiatry—indicates a pattern in which patients drew on their Pentecostal affiliation to navigate psychiatric treatment. Grounded in 24 months of fieldwork with patients and families and hospital staff, I contend that patient experiences of treatment imperfectly paralleled prior and ongoing experiences of Pentecostalism, including cultivation of the desire to convert and testify. Taking this cultivation of desire as a form of subject‐making, I conceptualize the entanglement of religious and therapeutic subjectivities at Sommeil as a patient‐driven “Pentecostalization” of psychiatry, which offers patients plural possibilities and timeframes of health.
Bargaining theory over opportunity assignments and the egalitarian solution
Authors: Xu Yongsheng , Yoshihara Naoki
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses issues of axiomatic bargaining problems over opportunity assignments. The fair arbitrator uses the principle of “equal opportunity” for all players to make the recommendation on resource allocations. A framework in such a context is developed and the egalitarian solution to standard bargaining problems is reformulated and axiomatically characterized.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: A scoping review
Authors: Thomson Benjamin K. A. , Vaughan Stephen , Momciu Bogdan
Published: November 2021

Background

The clinical syndrome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis is poorly understood. Whether local tuberculosis (TB) patterns modify the clinical syndrome, and what factors associate with poor outcomes is also unknown.

Methods

A scoping review identified published cases of TB PD peritonitis. Cases from low‐ and high‐TB burden areas were compared, and cases that did or did not suffer a poor clinical outcome were compared.

Results

There were 216 cases identified. Demographics, presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes were described. Significant delays in diagnosis were common (6.1 weeks) and were longer in patients from low‐TB burden regions (7.3 vs. 3.7 weeks). In low‐TB burden areas, slower diagnostic methods were more commonly used like PD fluid culture (64.3% vs. 32.7%), and treatment was less likely with quinolone antibiotics (6.9% vs. 34.1%). Higher national TB incidence and lower GDP per capita were found in cases that suffered PD catheter removal or death. Diagnostic delays were not longer in cases in which a patient suffered PD catheter removal or death. Cases that suffered death were older (51.9 vs. 45.1 years) and less likely female (37.8% vs. 55.7%). Removal of PD catheter was more common in cases in which a patient died (62.0% vs. 49.1%).

Conclusions

Outcomes in TB PD peritonitis are best predicted by national TB incidence, patient age and sex. Several unique features are identified to alert clinicians to use more rapid diagnostic methods that might enhance outcomes in TB PD peritonitis.
Transient out‐of‐range impedance in “hybrid” implantable cardioverter‐defibrilator system: A case series
Authors: Orszulak Michał , Orszulak Witold , Urbańczyk‐Swić Dagmara , Filipecki Artur , Kwaśniewski Wojciech , Mizia‐Stec Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

A retrospective analysis of 60 patients with hybrid implantable cardioverter‐defibrilator (ICD) systems: Boston Scientific device paired with non‐Boston leads. In 10 (17%) patients transient, out‐of‐range peaks of ventricular pace impedance trend were observed. Probable cause is header‐lead interaction incompatibility. This matter is known mainly for pacemakers systems but not for ICDs. Investigation this issue is crucial because consequences in ICD systems are unpredictable and risk might be higher than in pacing systems.
Evaluating collaborative institutions by segregation and homophily in policy networks
Authors: Henry Adam Douglas
Published: November 2021

Many policy systems are experimenting with collaborative institutions to manage complex policy problems in the face of persistent conflict and scientific uncertainty. Policy networks are central to the theory of why collaborative institutions are effective. While many policy systems naturally become segregated, fragmented, or siloed due to homophily, collaborative institutions are hypothesized to create more integrated systems of organizational collaboration. Collaborative institutions may, therefore, be evaluated by the extent to which they reduce the tendency toward homophily and increase the integration of policy networks. This paper evaluates three collaborative institutions in regional land‐use planning and specifies a theory of the program from two prominent frameworks: Institutional Collective Action and the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Results show that three forms of homophily are at work, and that in some cases, collaborative institutions successfully reduce the tendency toward network segregation.
Distributed leadership and performance‐related employee outcomes in public sector organizations
Authors: Jakobsen Mads Leth , Kjeldsen Anne Mette , Pallesen Thomas
Published: November 2021

Distributed leadership is the sharing of leadership tasks between managers and employees. This article demonstrates how a distributed leadership perspective adds to the public administration literature by including an important sensitivity to planned and nonplanned leadership. We propose a theoretical model that explains the impact of distributed leadership on employee outcomes which have a direct or indirect impact on organizational performance in public organizations contingent on alignment with individual leadership capacity and organizational goals. Our empirical analysis in the Danish hospital sector shows initial support for the expected relationships between distributed leadership and performance‐related employee outcomes such as job satisfaction and innovative behavior. This indicates that the distributed leadership perspective holds the potential to strengthen service delivery in complex public service organizations while there is weaker support for the notion that the positive impact of distributed leadership depends on individual leadership capacity and their support for organizational goals.