bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction, pattern recognition and modelling of complications post-endovascular infra renal aneurysm repair by artificial intelligence
Authors: Kordzadeh Ali , Hanif Mohammad A , Ramirez Manfred J , Railton Nicholas , Prionidis Ioannis , Browne Thomas
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The study evaluates the plausibility and applicability of prediction, pattern recognition and modelling of complications post-endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) by artificial intelligence for more accurate surveillance in practice.

Methods

A single-centre prospective data collection on ( n = 250) EVAR cases with n = 26 preoperative attributes (factors) on endpoint of endoleak (types I–VI), occlusion, migration and mortality over a 13-year period was conducted. In addition to the traditional statistical analysis, data was subjected to machine learning algorithm through artificial neural network. The predictive accuracy (specificity and –1 sensitivity) on each endpoint is presented with percentage and receiver operative curve. The pattern recognition and model classification were conducted using discriminate analysis, decision tree, logistic regression, naive Bayes and support vector machines, and the best fit model was deployed for pattern recognition and modelling.

Results

The accuracy of the training, validation and predictive ability of artificial neural network in detection of endoleak type I was 95, 96 and 94%, type II (94, 83, 90 and 82%) and type III was 96, 94 and 96%, respectively. Endpoints are associated with increase in weights through predictive modeling that were not detected through statistical analytics. The overall accuracy of the model was >86%.

Conclusion

The study highlights the applicability, accuracy and reliability of artificial intelligence in the detection of adverse outcomes post-EVAR for an accurate surveillance stratification.
Clinical efficacy and safety of the PRO-glide device as a sUture-mediated ClosurE in Thoracic EndoVascular Aortic Repair in patients with previous groin intervention (from the PRODUCE-TEVAR Trial)
Authors: Çelik Ömer , Şahin Ahmet Anıl , Güner Ahmet , Demir Ali Rıza , Uzun Nedim , Ertürk Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Background

While the percutaneous approach is increasingly preferred, suture-mediated closure devices have been put into clinical practice to close the femoral artery during procedures requiring a large-sized introducer. However, scar in the groin is considered a contraindication or an exclusion criterion for percutaneous procedures. The aim of our study was to investigate the outcomes and safety of Pro-Glide device as suture-mediated closure device in patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair with percutaneous femoral access ≥22 F who had previous groin intervention.

Methods

A total of 73 patients who underwent endovascular repair with percutaneous femoral access were retrospectively included in the study. Previous groin intervention was defined as history of open surgical access or large sheath insertion (>18 F) to femoral artery because of endovascular or valvular intervention. Patients were divided into two groups as who had previous groin intervention PGI (+) and had not PGI (−).

Results

A total of 73 patients [60 male (82.2%)] were included in the study. Seventeen patients had PGI, and 56 did not. When groups were compared in terms of sheath sizes, a significantly higher sheath sizes were used in PGI (+) patients (24.5 ± 1.1 F vs. 23.8 ± 0.9 F, p = 0.005). The overall success rate in the femoral approach with pre-close technique was statistically insignificant between two groups (94.1% vs. 96.4%, p = 0.55). One patient in PGI (+) group and two patients in PGI (−) had technical failure for percutaneous femoral approach. One patient (5.9%) in PGI (+) group and one patient (1.8%) in PGI (−) group had femoral complications after the procedures; however, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of complications (5.9% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.13).

Conclusion

Pro-Glide device may be a safe and less invasive method for femoral access in patients with PGI and might not be considered as a contraindication for patients with history of PGI.
The reliability of a linear position transducer and commercially available accelerometer to measure punching velocity in junior boxing athletes
Authors: Harris Dale M , Caillaud Kevin , Khullar Saumya , Haff G Gregory , Latella Christopher
Published: August 2020

Limited evidence exists demonstrating reliability of using direct measures to quantify punching velocity. The aim of this study was to establish the intra- and inter-day reliability of a linear positional transducer (GymAware) and accelerometer (PUSH Band 2.0) for the quantification of peak punching velocity in trained junior boxing athletes. Eighteen males aged 16.7 years (±1.2) with at least two years of boxing experience participated in the study. On two separate days, participants performed five dominant-hand crosses with maximal effort. Ordinary least-products regression analysis was used to compare mean and maximum peak velocity scores between devices within each day of testing. Two-way mixed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) and Pearson’s r with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also used to compare mean and maximum peak velocity within devices across days. Maximum peak (∼7.5 ms vs. ∼6.2 ms) and mean peak (∼7.0 ms vs. 5.4 ms) velocity was higher when measured via GymAware compared to PUSH Band 2.0 on both days (all P ≤ 0.012). The within-device mean (ICC3,1 = 0.871, 95%CI  =  0.689, 0.950) and maximum (ICC3,1 =  0.853 95%CI  =  0.650, 0.942) peak velocity scores for the GymAware across Days 1 and 2 demonstrated very high reliabilities. Mean (ICC3,1 = 0.309, 95%CI = –0.170, 0.670) and maximum (ICC3,1 = 0.227, 95%CI = –0.173, 0.637) peak velocity for PUSH Band 2.0 demonstrated weak reliabilities. Proportional bias was found for Day 2 mean and maximum peak velocity and when both days were pooled. Fixed bias was observed for mean (Day 1) and maximum peak velocity when both days were pooled. These results may provide useful information for professionals working with boxing or combat-sport athletes.
A root location-based framework for degradation modeling of dynamic systems with predictive maintenance perspective
Authors: Langeron Yves , Huynh Khac Tuan , Grall Antoine
Published: August 2020

This paper considers dynamic systems widely used in industry for which the behavior can be approximated to a second order differential equation. The components of such a system suffer from random faults and failures due to wear, age or usage. These events impact the dynamic behavior which is interpreted as a modification of the initial differential equation with random coefficients. At given times, the system is solicited and its output – the only source of information – is measured to infer the position of equation roots in the complex plane. The Euclidian distance between the current and initial positions of a root is proposed as a new indicator reflecting the gradual deterioration of system performance. Such an indicator presents stochastic trajectories in time according to the random evolution of the root location in complex plane. More especially, these trajectories can be modeled by an univariate non-linear diffusion process if underlying degradation sources are assumed to be homogeneous Gamma processes. Based on this model, the system remaining useful lifetime is assessed. Two predictive maintenance policies are also designed showing the feasibility to easily maintain dynamic systems solely on the system output.
Adoption and impact of improved cookstoves in Lambayeque, Peru, 2017
Authors: Díaz-Vásquez Maribel A. , Díaz-Manchay Rosa J. , León-Jiménez Franco E. , Thompson Lisa M. , Troncoso Karin , Failoc-Rojas Virgilio E.
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Approximately three billion people in Asia, Africa, and the Americas cook with biomass, cleaner cooking technologies with the potential to reduce household air pollution exposure. It is necessary to assess the adoption and long-term use of these stoves, measure perceived benefits among users, and use this information to provide feedback to programs that are implementing new cooking technologies. The aim of this study is to determine the level of adoption and impact of improved biomass cookstoves in the rural area of Lambayeque, Peru, in 2017.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 52 homes were surveyed in the districts of Pacora and Íllimo where improved biomass stoves were introduced between 2005 and 2013. A questionnaire for the assessment of adoption and impact indexes proposed by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves was applied. The STROBE checklist was used.

Results:

The mean number of years with the improved biomass cookstove was 9.1 (standard deviation: 2.9); 51.9% always used the improved stove, and 34.6% never used it due to destruction during the El Niño phenomenon in 2017. The median impact index was 5.62; 19.2% had a very good/good adoption. The median adoption index was 6.5; 25% had a very high/high impact. The use of the traditional or open fire biomass stove persisted in 61.5% of the houses.

Conclusion:

The adoption and impact of improved biomass cookstoves were acceptable, but traditional stove use persisted in more than half of the houses. Households used a mix of different stove technologies. Gas stoves were used more frequently for breakfast or dinner, while the traditional biomass stoves were used for larger lunchtime meals.
Insulin Bolus Calculator: Lessons Learned from Institutional Experience
Authors: Nolt Valerie D. , Araya Adrian , Ateya Mohammed B. , Chen Ming , Kelley Jennifer , Arnold Patrick , Singer Kanakadurga
Published: August 2020

Insulin bolus calculators have proven effective in improving glycemia and patient safety. Insulin calculators are increasingly being implemented for inpatient hospital care. Multidisciplinary teams are often involved in the design and review of the efficacy and utilization for these calculators. At times, unintended consequences and benefits of utilization are found on review. Integration of our insulin calculator into our electronic health record system was a multidisciplinary effort. During implementation, several obstacles to effective care were identified and are discussed in the following manuscript. We describe the barriers to utilization and potential pitfalls in clinical integration. We further describe benefits in patient education, time of insulin administration versus meal delivery, variations in insulin bolus for ketone correction, variation in care, and maximum bolus administration. Sharing lessons learned from experiences using electronic insulin calculator order sets will further our goals of improved patient care in the hospital setting.
Complications and Radiographic Outcomes After Tibiotalocalcaneal Fusion With a Retrograde Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Levinson Joseph , Reissig Jessica , Schaheen emily , Lee Wonyong , Park Joseph
Published: August 2020

Background

Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis is a salvage reconstructive procedure for ankle and subtalar arthritis and deformity. This study aims to identify fusion rates and complications of TTC arthrodesis procedures performed at our institution using a specific retrograde intramedullary nail. Additionally, we analyzed the subpopulation that sustained an intramedullary nail break.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of 45 patients who underwent 47 TTC arthrodesis procedures with intramedullary fixation using the Phoenix nail at our institution from October 2010 to September 2017. Patient age, body mass index, sex, smoking status, diabetes diagnosis, peripheral vascular disease, thyroid disease, inflammatory arthritis, steroid use, prior ankle fractures and procedures, fusion rates, nail diameter, time to hardware failure, preoperative coronal plane deformity, and return to work were obtained.

Results

Successful fusion was confirmed in 79% of tibiotalar, 70% of subtalar, and 66% of combined tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Eight of 47 (17%) TTC nails suffered nail breakage postoperatively. Although statistical analysis was not performed due to the small population size, patients with nail failure had lower rates of tibiotalar (38% vs 87% of patients without nail failure) and combined tibiotalar/subtalar fusion (25% vs 74%). Ten percent of patients without nail breakage required revision surgery, compared to 75% of patient with nail breakage.

Conclusion

This study describes TTC arthrodesis outcomes at our institution. It demonstrates a high complication rate using a specific retrograde intramedullary nail, including nail breakage and non-union. Further analysis and improvement in technique and implant design may decrease revision rates and improve outcomes.

Levels of Evidence:

Therapeutic, Level IV
Fusion Versus Joint-Sparing Reconstruction for Patients With Flexible Flatfoot
Authors: Whitelaw Kathryn , Shah Shivesh , Hagemeijer Noortje C. , Guss Daniel , Johnson Anne H. , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: August 2020

Aims

Passively correctible, adult-acquired flatfoot deformities (AAFD) are treated with joint-sparing procedures. Questions remain as to the efficacy of such procedures when clinical deformities are severe. In severe deformities, a primary fusion may lead to predictable outcomes, but risks nonunion. We evaluated pre- and postsurgical flexible AAFD patients undergoing joint-sparing or fusion procedures, comparing reoperation and complication rates.

Methods

We identified patients with flexible AAFD between January 1, 2001 and 2016. Exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record, rigid AAFD, and prior flatfoot surgery. Patient demographics, pre- and postsurgical radiographic measurements, surgery performed, and postoperative complications were evaluated by bivariate analysis, comparing joint-sparing versus fusion procedures.

Results

Of 239 patients (255 feet) (mean follow-up 62 ± 50 months), 209 (87%) underwent joint-sparing reconstructions, 30 (12.6%) underwent fusions. Fifty-four (24.1%) feet underwent joint-sparing reconstruction with reoperation versus 11 (35.5%) in fusion patients ( P = .17). Radiographic improvement in talonavicular angle, talar first-metatarsal (anteroposterior view), and Meary’s angle was higher in fusion patients ( P < .001, P < .001, and P = .003, respectively).

Discussion

More nonunion reoperations among fusion patients were offset by reoperations in joint-sparing patients. Fusion uniquely corrected Meary’s angle. Nonunion is of less concern for joint-sparing versus fusion for patients with severe flexible AAFD. Degree of deformity versus advantage of joint motion should improve decision making.

Levels of Evidence:

Level IV: Retrospective case series
Subtalar Arthroereisis as an Adjunct Procedure Improves Forefoot Abduction in Stage IIb Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Bernasconi Alessio , Argyropoulos Miltiadis , Patel Shelain , Ghani Yaser , Cullen Nicholas , Singh Dishan , Welck Matthew
Published: August 2020

Background

Our aims were (a) to determine whether subtalar arthroereisis (STA) as adjunct procedure improved radiographic correction of stage IIb adult-acquired flexible flatfoot deformity (AAFD); (b) to assess the STA-related complication rate.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 22 feet (21 patients) diagnosed with stage IIb AAFD treated by medializing calcaneal osteotomy (MCO), flexor digitorum longus (FDL) transfer, spring ligament (SL) repair with or without Cotton osteotomy and with or without STA in a single institution was carried out. Seven measurements were recorded on pre- and postoperative (minimum 24 weeks) radiographs by 2 observers and repeated twice by 1 observer. Inter- and intraobserver reliabilities were assessed. The association of demographic (gender, side, age, body mass index) and surgical variables (Cotton, STA) with radiographic change was tested with univariate analysis followed by a multivariable regression model.

Results

Excellent inter- and intraobserver reliabilities were demonstrated for all measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient range, 0.75-0.99). Gender, side, Cotton osteotomy, and STA were included in the multivariable analysis. Regression showed that STA was the only predictor of change in talonavicular coverage angle (TNCA) ( R2 = 0.31; P = .03) and in calcaneo–fifth metatarsal angle (CFMA) ( R2 = 0.40; P = .02) on dorsoplantar view. STA was associated to a greater change in TNCA by 10.1° and in CFMA by 5°. Four patients out of 12 STA complained of sinus tarsi pain after STA, and removal of the implant resolved symptoms in 3 of them.

Conclusion

In this series, STA as an adjunct procedure to MCO, FDL transfer, SL repair in the treatment of stage IIb AAFD led to improvement in correction of forefoot abduction. STA-related complication and removal rates were 33%.

Levels of Evidence:

Level IV: Retrospective cohort study
Playgrounds, Injuries, and Data: Keeping Children Safe
Authors: Taylor Erin
Published: August 2020

Child safety is a top priority in the school setting. Many accidents that occur on school playgrounds range from minor scrapes and bumps to fractures or other health problems that require quick medical response. Data can be a powerful tool for school nurses when seeking to promote changes in their schools.
Studying Platforms and Cultural Production: Methods, Institutions, and Practices
Authors: Nieborg David B , Duffy Brooke Erin , Poell Thomas
Published: August 2020

This introduction to the second special collection of articles on the platformization of the cultural industries foregrounds research methods and practices. Drawing from the 12 articles included in this collection, as well as the 14 articles published in the first collection, we identify commonalities in approaches, consistencies in traditions, and uniform modes of analysis. We argue that approaches that have been deployed in media industry studies for decades—semi-structured interviews, discourse analysis, content analysis, and participant observation—remain productive. At the same time, transformations in the temporalities and curation of cultural production require updated modes of investigation and analysis. As such, we spotlight contributors’ novel methods and innovative theoretical approaches, such as the walkthrough method and multi-sided market theory.
National Survey about awareness of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders among Primary Care Physicians in Saudi Arabia: Protocol and Challenges
Authors: AlFattani Areej , Rabhan Fatimah , AlAssaf Lujain , Alghammas Amal , De Vol Edward
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) are the first contact health facility to which patients in Saudi Arabia can go to seek help. Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDD) are of various types and severities, and they are associated with a delay in diagnosis. Early diagnosis of PIDD helps to improve the quality of life of affected children and prevent permanent consequences such as organ damage and disability. In this study, we present a protocol of a national survey that assesses awareness among PHCC physicians about diagnosing PIDD and the challenges associated with the execution of this protocol.

Methods:

This cross-sectional survey used stratified multistage sampling and systematic random selection of PHCC from a list of PHCC affiliated centers under the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia. The survey was conducted through phone calls to the selected physicians. Data collection started in April 2020, and it is still ongoing.

Conclusion:

In Saudi Arabia, this study will provide baseline data about PHCC physicians’ levels of awareness of the diagnosis of PIDD. This will help policy-makers in designing educational courses or programs to increase awareness levels among physicians. The protocol could be used to study other health outcomes at a national level.
Clinical Teaching Effectiveness of Undergraduate Student Nurses in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: AlMekkawi Mohamad , Qatouni Firas , Al Amoor Hussam , Alayed Bassam , El Najm Mohamad
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Clinical supervision is a crucial aspect of developing nursing students' knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes. The characteristics of clinical instructors have a significant role in the progress and transition of students into their future professional roles.

Objective

The study aimed to examine the behaviors of effective clinical instructors as perceived by nursing students and faculty members in the UAE.

Methods

The study followed a cross-sectional quantitative research design to explore nursing students' and faculty members' perceptions of clinical instructors' effective behaviors that facilitate students' clinical practice. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 147 nursing students and 17 faculty members who completed an online version of the study survey at four nursing programs in the UAE.

Results

Students rated personality ( M = 4.96, SD = 1.91) and teaching ability ( M = 4.94, SD = 1.96) as the highest behaviors for effective clinical instructor. They perceived effective clinical instructor to be organized ( M = 5.19, SD = 1.88), shows self-confidence ( M = 5.16, SD = 1.84), able to answer questions ( M = 5.16, SD = 1.90), emphasizes what is crucial to learn ( M = 5.11, SD = 1.81), and takes responsibility for his/her actions ( M = 5.11, SD = 1.90). While faculty members perceived effective clinical instructor to encourage a climate of mutual respect ( M = 5.56, SD = 1.27), be approachable ( M = 5.47, SD = 1.32), demonstrates clinical skill and judgment ( M = 5.53, SD = 1.46), takes responsibility for his/her actions ( M = 5.53, SD = 1.37), and be a good role model ( M = 5.47, SD = 1.32).

Conclusion

Understanding clinical instructors' effective behaviors and supporting them during students' clinical experiences inspire a productive teaching-learning environment that is crucial to improve students' motivation, expand their learning opportunities and improve their hands-on skills.
Educational Alternatives for the Maintenance of Educational Competencies in Surgical Training Programs Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ElHawary Hassan , Salimi Ali , Alam Peter , Gilardino Mirko S
Published: August 2020

Along with the socio-economic burden the COVID-19 pandemic carried, the strain it brought upon our health care system is unparalleled. In an attempt to conserve much needed personal protective equipment (PPE) as well as to free up available hospital beds to accommodate the significant influx of COVID-19 patients, many elective surgical cases were essentially put on hold. Furthermore, to taper the spread of this highly contagious virus and to protect the medical staff, surgical clinics were limited to urgent care that could not be managed through virtual platforms. Surgical trainees, such as residents and fellows, who solemnly rely on clinical and surgical exposure to hone their operative and clinical skills, were evidently left deprived. As the pandemic rapidly progressed, medical staff in the emergency departments and what is now known as the COVID wards and COVID ICUs quickly became overwhelmed and overworked. This new reality required surgical trainees to rapidly redeploy to help meet the rising hospital needs. With no clear end to this pandemic, surgical trainees worry they will not reach the appropriate milestones and acquire the amount of surgical experience required to become competent surgeons. As a result, a rapid solution should be found and applied to remedy this newly created gap in surgical education. The measures we recommend include access to regular webinars from world-renowned experts, increased implementation of surgical simulation, selective redeployment of residents to favor level-appropriate learning opportunities and lastly, the active participation of trainees in telemedicine with an increase in surgical exposure as soon as the restrictions are lifted.
Biomarkers for central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Nkrumah Gideon , Paez-Escamilla Manuel , Singh Sumit Randhir , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Maltsev Dmitri , Guduru Abhilash , Chhablani Jay
Published: August 2020

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a common chorioretinal disease characterized by serous retinal detachment that most commonly involves the macular region. Although the natural history of the acute form shows a self-limiting course, a significant number of patients suffer from recurrent episodes leading to chronic disease, often leaving patients with residual visual impairment. Visual morbidity is often worsened by a delay in the diagnosis due to the incorrect understanding of the particular biomarkers of the disease. The aim of this review is to provide clinical understanding of the biomarkers of CSCR with an emphasis on the most recent findings in patient demographics, risk factors, clinical imaging findings, and management options. Patients with these biomarkers, age 30–44 years, male gender, increased stress levels, hypercortisolism (endogenous and exogenous exposures), sleep disturbance, pregnancy, and genetic predisposition have increased susceptibility to CSCR. Also, biomarkers on optical coherence tomography (OCT) such as choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) showed good diagnostic and prognostic significance in the management of CSCR. There are nonspecific features of CSCR on OCT and OCT angiography such as choroidal neovascularization, photoreceptor alteration/cone density loss, and flat irregular pigment epithelium detachment. We described rare complications of CSCR such as cystoid macular edema (CME) and cystoid macular degeneration (CMD). Patients with CME recovered some vision when treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs). Patients with CMD had irreversible macular damage even after treatment with anti-VEGFs.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Rice Rooting Ability at the Seedling Stage
Authors: Xu Xin , Ye Junhua , Yang Yingying , Zhang Mengchen , Xu Qun , Feng Yue , Yuan Xiaoping , Yu Hanyong , Wang Yiping , Yang Yaolong , Wei Xinghua
Published: August 2020

Background

Rice rooting ability is a complex agronomical trait that displays heterosis and plays an important role in rice growth and production. Only a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified by bi-parental population. More genes or QTLs are required to dissect the genetic architecture of rice rooting ability.

Results

To characterize the genetic basis for rice rooting ability, we used a natural rice population, genotyped by a 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, to identify the loci associated with rooting-related traits through the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Population structure analysis divided the natural population into two subgroups: indica and japonica. We measured four traits for evaluating rice rooting ability, namely root growth ability (RGA), maximum root length (MRL), root length (RL), and root number (RN). Using the association study in three panels consisting of one for the full population, one for indica, and one for japonica, 24 SNPs associated with rooting ability-related traits were identified. Through comparison of the relative expression levels and DNA sequences between germplasm with extreme phenotypes, results showed that LOC_Os05g11810 had non-synonymous variations at the coding region, which may cause differences in root number, and that the expression levels of LOC_Os04g09900 and LOC_Os04g10060 are closely associated with root length variation.

Conclusions

Through evaluation of the rice rooting ability-related traits and the association mapping, we provided useful information for understanding the genetic basis of rice rooting ability and also identified some candidate genes and molecular markers for rice root breeding.
Systematic analysis of the Capsicum ERF transcription factor family: identification of regulatory factors involved in the regulation of species-specific metabolites
Authors: Song Jiali , Chen Changming , Zhang Shuanglin , Wang Juntao , Huang Zhubing , Chen Muxi , Cao Bihao , Zhu Zhangsheng , Lei Jianjun
Published: August 2020

Background

ERF transcription factors (TFs) belong to the Apetala2/Ethylene responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) TF family and play a vital role in plant growth and development processes. Capsorubin and capsaicinoids have relatively high economic and nutritional value, and they are specifically found in Capsicum. However, there is little understanding of how ERFs participate in the regulatory networks of capsorubin and capsaicinoids biosynthesis.

Results

In this study, a total of 142 ERFs were identified in the Capsicum annuum genome. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis allowed us to divide ERFs into DREB (dehydration responsive element binding proteins) and ERF subfamilies, and further classify them into 11 groups with several subgroups. Expression analysis of biosynthetic pathway genes and CaERFs facilitated the identification of candidate genes related to the regulation of capsorubin and capsaicinoids biosynthesis; the candidates were focused in cluster C9 and cluster C10, as well as cluster L3 and cluster L4, respectively. The expression patterns of CaERF82, CaERF97, CaERF66, CaERF107 and CaERF101, which were found in cluster C9 and cluster C10, were consistent with those of accumulating of carotenoids (β-carotene, zeaxanthin and capsorubin) in the pericarp. In cluster L3 and cluster L4, the expression patterns of CaERF102, CaERF53, CaERF111 and CaERF92 were similar to those of the accumulating capsaicinoids. Furthermore, CaERF92, CaERF102 and CaERF111 were found to be potentially involved in temperature-mediated capsaicinoids biosynthesis.

Conclusion

This study will provide an extremely useful foundation for the study of candidate ERFs in the regulation of carotenoids and capsaicinoids biosynthesis in peppers.
Functional characterization and regulatory mechanism of wheat CPK34 kinase in response to drought stress
Authors: Li Ge-Zi , Li Han-Xiao , Xu Meng-Jun , Wang Peng-Fei , Xiao Xiang-Hong , Kang Guo-Zhang
Published: August 2020

Background

Drought is one of the most adverse environmental factors limiting crop productions and it is important to identify key genetic determinants for food safety. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are known to be involved in plant growth, development, and environmental stresses. However, biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of many plant CPKs have not been explored. In our previous study, abundance of the wheat CPK34 (TaCPK34) protein was remarkably upregulated in wheat plants suffering from drought stress, inferring that it could be involved in this stress. Therefore, here we further detected its function and mechanism in response to drought stress.

Results

Transcripts of the TaCPK34 gene were significantly induced after PEG-stimulated water deficiency (20% PEG6000) or 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. The TaCPK34 gene was transiently silenced in wheat genome by using barley stripe mosaic virus-induced silencing (BSMV-VIGS) method. After 14 days of drought stress, the transiently TaCPK34-silenced wheat seedlings showed more sensitivity compared with control, and the plant biomasses and relative water contents significantly decreased, whereas soluble sugar and MDA contents increased. The iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics was employed to measure the protein expression profiles in leaves of the transiently TaCPK34-silenced wheat plants after drought stress. There were 6103 proteins identified, of these, 51 proteins exhibited significantly altered abundance, they were involved in diverse function. And sequence analysis on the promoters of genes, which encoded the above identified proteins, indicated that some promoters harbored some ABA-responsive elements. We determined the interactions between TaCPK34 and three identified proteins by using bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) method and our data indicated that TaCPK34directly interacted with the glutathione S-transferase 1 and prx113, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study suggested that the TaCPK34 gene played positive roles in wheat response to drought stress through directly or indirectly regulating the expression of ABA-dependent manner genes, which were encoding identified proteins from iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. And it could be used as one potential gene to develop crop cultivars with improved drought tolerance.
Sequencing of five poultry strains elucidates phylogenetic relationships and divergence in virulence genes in Morganella morganii
Authors: Palmieri Nicola , Hess Claudia , Hess Michael , Alispahic Merima
Published: August 2020

Background

M. morganii is a bacterium frequently associated with urinary infections in humans. While many human strains are sequenced, only the genomes of few poultry strains are available. Here, we performed a detailed characterization of five highly resistant Morganella morganii strains isolated in association with Escherichia coli from diseased domestic Austrian poultry flocks, namely geese, turkeys and chicken layers. Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of these strains by NGS and analyzed phylogenetic clustering, resistance and virulence genes in the context of host-specificity.

Results

Two strains were identified to be Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) and one as AmpC beta-lactamases (AMP-C) phenotype, while two were ESBL negative. By integrating the genome sequences of these five poultry strains with all the available M. morganii genomes, we constructed a phylogenetic tree that clearly separates the Morganella genus into two clusters (M1 and M2), which approximately reflect the proposed subspecies classification (morganii and sibonii). Additionally, we found no association between phylogenetic structure and host, suggesting interspecies transmission. All five poultry strains contained genes for resistance to aminocoumarins, beta-lactams, colistin, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, phenicol, rifampin and tetracycline. A comparative genomics analysis of virulence genes showed acquisition of novel virulence genes involved in secretion system and adherence in cluster M2. We showed that some of these genes were acquired by horizontal gene transfer from closely related Morganellaceae species and propose that novel virulence genes could be responsible for expansion of tissue tropism in M. morganii. Finally, we detected variability in copy number and high sequence divergence in toxin genes and provided evidence for positive selection in insecticidal toxins genes, likely reflecting host-related adaptations.

Conclusions

In summary, this study describes i) the first isolation and characterization of M. morganii from goose and turkey, ii) a large-scale genetic analysis of M. morganii and an attempt to generate a global picture of the M. morganii intraspecific phylogenetic structure.
Establishment and application of a multiple cross displacement amplification combined with nanoparticles-based biosensor method for the detection of Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Li Shijun , Liu Chunting , Liu Ying , Ma Qing , Wang Yue , Wang Yi
Published: August 2020

Background

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis, a respiratory tract infectious disease.

Efficient techniques for detection of B. pertussis isolates are important for clinical diagnosis.

Multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA), a novel isothermal amplification based molecular detection method, has been developed to overcome the technical drawback of the current methods in recent years. This aim of this study is to develop a MCDA with Nanoparticles-based Lateral Flow Biosensor (MCDA-LFB) for the detection of B. pertussis.

Results

A set of 10 primers based on the pertussis toxin (PT) promoter region sequence of B. pertussis was designed. The B. pertussis-MCDA-LFB assay was successfully established and optimized at 64 °C for reaction of 40 min. The detection limit was determined as 10 fg/reaction of pure DNA, and no cross-reactions to non-B. pertussis strains were observed, based on the specificity validation. The whole operation, ranging from template preparation to result reporting, could be completed within 70 min without requirement of costly equipment. The B. pertussis-MCDA-LFB in clinic sample detection yielded identical positive rates with traditional culture and showed higher sensitivity than conventional PCR. The results of MCDA-LFB are easier to read due to the usage of LFB.

Conclusions

The isothermal amplification based MCDA-LFB established in the present study is a specific, sensitive, rapid and economical technique for the detection of B. pertussis.
Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal chlorophyll and anthocyanin metabolism pathway associated with cucumber fruit skin color
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Lin , Liang Zhaojun , He Xiaoming , Liu Wenrui , Jiang Biao , Yan Jinqiang , Sun Piaoyun , Cao Zhenqiang , Peng Qingwu , Lin Yu’e
Published: August 2020

Background

Fruit skin color play important role in commercial value of cucumber, which is mainly determined by the content and composition of chlorophyll and anthocyanins. Therefore, understanding the related genes and metabolomics involved in composition of fruit skin color is essential for cucumber quality and commodity value.

Results

The results showed that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content in fruit skin were higher in Lv (dark green skin) than Bai (light green skin) on fruit skin. Cytological observation showed more chloroplast existed in fruit skin cells of Lv. A total of 162 significantly different metabolites were found between the fruit skin of the two genotypes by metabolome analysis, including 40 flavones, 9 flavanones, 8 flavonols, 6 anthocyanins, and other compounds. Crucial anthocyanins and flavonols for fruit skin color, were detected significantly decreased in fruit skin of Bai compared with Lv. By RNA-seq assay, 4516 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between two cultivars. Further analyses suggested that low expression level of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes, such as chlM, por and NOL caused less chlorophylls or chloroplast in fruit skin of Bai. Meanwhile, a predicted regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis was established to illustrate involving many DEGs, especially 4CL, CHS and UFGT.

Conclusions

This study uncovered significant differences between two cucumber genotypes with different fruit color using metabolome and RNA-seq analysis. We lay a foundation to understand molecular regulation mechanism on formation of cucumber skin color, by exploring valuable genes, which is helpful for cucumber breeding and improvement on fruit skin color.
Loneliness as a risk factor for frailty transition among older Chinese people
Authors: Sha Sha , Xu Yuebin , Chen Lin
Published: August 2020

Background

Previous literature has reported that loneliness is a strong predictor of frailty risk. However, less is known about the role of loneliness in frailty transition types. This study aimed to examine whether and how loneliness are related to frailty transition among older Chinese people.

Methods

Our study used participants (aged ≥60 years) from 2008/2009, 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Loneliness was assessed by a single question asking how often the respondent feels lonely. The FRAIL Scale was created to measure physical frailty for our study, and frailty was also assessed by a broader definition of the frailty index. Frailty transition as an outcome variable has been designed as two types according to the measurement of frailty.

Results

Greater loneliness at baseline reduced the possibility of remaining in a robust or prefrail physical frailty state after 3 years (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.68–0.91, p < 0.01). Greater loneliness was associated with an increased risk of worsening physical frailty over time: compared with those who had never felt lonely, the odds ratios for people who often felt lonely were 1.19 (95%CI: 1.01–1.41, p < 0.05) after 3 years and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.08–1.66, p < 0.01) after 6 years. The association between loneliness and change in the frailty index differed in the survey periods: loneliness at baseline was found to increase the possibility of participants remaining in frailty (seldom loneliness: OR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.25–2.55, p < 0.01; often loneliness: OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.21–2.50, p < 0.01) after 6 years, but no significance was shown in the 3-year follow up. Additionally, loneliness at baselines was significantly associated with frailty transition at follow up among the male participants. However, a similar association was not observed among the female participants.

Conclusion

Older people with a high level of loneliness tend to be frail in the future, and greater loneliness is related to an increased risk of worsening frailty and remaining frail. Male elderly with a high level of loneliness were more likely to have a worse frailty transition than female elderly in China.
Complications rate of and risk factors for the unplanned reoperation of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis in elderly patients: a retrospective single-Centre cohort study of 33 patients
Authors: Zhong Weiyang , Liang Xinjie , Luo Xiaoji , Huang Tianji , Quan Zhengxue
Published: August 2020

Background

The study was to investigate the complications rate of and risk factors for unplanned reoperation among elderly patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS).

Methods

A total of 1100 DLS patients who were older than 60 years were reviewed from January 2006 to December 2016. 33 patients underwent unplanned reoperations and were analysed and divided into two groups (group A: posterolateral fusion, 650 patients; group B: intervertebral fusion, 450 patients). Sex, body mass index (BMI), radiographic data and clinical outcome data were analysed to evaluate the complications rate of and the risk factors for unplanned reoperations.

Results

A total of 33 patients underwent unplanned reoperations (3%). The patients were followed up for an average of 4.20 ± 2.25 years (group A) and 4.32 ± 2.54 years (group B) without a significant difference. Significant differences were found in mean age, levels of involvement, hospital stay, surgery time, and blood loss between the groups. The causes of unplanned operation were wound infection, screw misplacement, neurological deficit, nonunion, and screw fracture, which were significant except for wound infection between the groups. Higher BMI (obesity), diabetes mellitus (DM), more bleeding and sex (female) were risk factors for complications. Cases of screw misplacement, neurological deficit, nonunion and screw fracture in group A were more significant than those in group B.

Conclusion

Patients with higher BMI, DM, older age, posterolateral fusion, and female sex predicted a higher incidence of unplanned reoperations. Spine surgeons may need to pay more attention to their preoperative training and to improving surgical techniques that could reduce the reoperation rate.
Correction to: Expansion of acquired 16S rRNA methytransferases along with CTX-M-15, NDM and OXA-48 within three sequence types of Escherichia coli from northeast India
Authors: Wangkheimayum Jayalaxmi , Bhattacharjee Mohana , Das Bhaskar Jyoti , Singha K. Melson , Chanda Debadatta Dhar , Bhattacharjee Amitabha
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Correction to: Bioaerosol sampling of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis: a study protocol
Authors: Patterson Benjamin , Koch Anastasia , Gessner Sophia , Dinkele Ryan , Gqada Melitta , Bryden Wayne , Cobelens Frank , Little Francesca , Warner Digby F. , Wood Robin
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
The effects of family, society and national policy support on treatment adherence among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Xu , Du Liang , Wu Ruiheng , Xu Jia , Ji Haoqiang , Zhang Yu , Zhu Xuexue , Zhou Ling
Published: August 2020

Background

Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is the most important cause of poor TB outcomes, and improving support for TB patients is a primary priority for governments, but there has been little research on the effects of family, social and national policy support factors on TB treatment adherence. The current study evaluated treatment adherence among newly diagnosed TB patients in Dalian, north-eastern China, and determined the effects of family, society, and national policy support factors on treatment adherence.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among newly diagnosed TB patients treated at the outpatient department of Dalian Tuberculosis Hospital from September 2019 to January 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire that measured medication adherence, family support, social support, and national policy support and so on. Differences between groups were assessed using Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of adherence.

Results

A total of 481 newly diagnosed TB patients were recruited, of whom 45.7% had good adherence, and 27.4 and 26.8% had moderate and low adherence, respectively. Patients who had family members who frequently supervised medication (OR:0.34, 95% CI:0.16–0.70), family members who often provided spiritual encouragement (OR:0.13, 95% CI:0.02–0.72), a good doctor-patient relationship (OR:0.61, 95% CI:0.40–0.93), more TB-related knowledge (OR:0.49, 95% CI:0.33–0.72) and a high need for TB treatment policy support (OR:0.38, 95% CI:0.22–0.66) had satisfactory medication adherence. However, patients who had a college degree or higher (OR:1.69, 95% CI:1.04–2.74) and who suffered adverse drug reactions (OR:1.45, 95% CI:1.00–2.11) were more likely to have lower adherence.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that non-adherence was high in newly diagnosed TB patients. Patients who had family members who frequently supervised medication and provided spiritual encouragement and a good doctor-patient relationship and TB-related knowledge and a high need for policy support contributed to high adherence. It is recommended to strengthen medical staff training and patient and family health education and to increase financial support for improving adherence.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies a novel mutation in spermine synthase gene (SMS) associated with Snyder-Robinson Syndrome
Authors: Qazi Talal J. , Wu Qiao , Aierken Ailikemu , Lu Daru , Bukhari Ihtisham , Hussain Hafiz M. J. , Yang Jingmin , Mir Asif , Qing Hong
Published: August 2020

Background

Loss of function mutations in the spermine synthase gene (SMS) have been reported to cause a rare X-linked intellectual disability known as Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS). Besides intellectual disability, SRS is also characterized by reduced bone density, osteoporosis and facial dysmorphism. SRS phenotypes evolve with age from childhood to adulthood.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing was performed to know the causative gene/pathogenic variant. Later we confirmed the pathogenic variant through Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we also performed the mutational analysis through HOPE SERVER and SWISS-MODEL. Also, radiographs were also obtained for affected individual to confirm the disease features.

Results

In this article, we report the first Pakistani family consisting of three patients with SRS and a novel missense pathogenic variant in the SMS gene (c.905 C > T p.(Ser302Leu)). In addition to the typical phenotypes, one patient presented with early-onset seizures. Clinical features, genetic and in-silico analysis linked the affected patients of the family with Snyder-Robinson and suggest that this novel mutation affects the spermine synthase activity.

Conclusion

A novel missense variant in the SMS, c.905C > T p. (Ser302Leu), causing Snyder- Robinson Syndrome (SRS) is reported in three members of Pakistani Family.