bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional development and public control: Analyzing the Brazilian accountability system.
Authors: Filgueiras Fernando
Published: June 2018

This paper aims to analyze the institutional development process of accountability institutions in Brazil. Scholars have identified an incremental development process of horizontal accountability institutions in Brazil, stimulating an important process in democracy. Our argument is that the incremental development process of accountability institutions was not followed by systemic developments able to encompass all accountability institutions. The reason for this is that, in spite of incremental advances, there has been no development regarding the procedural ecology of accountability institutions, thus hampering coordinated and cooperative actions between institutions. We analyzed the procedural flow from the Public Sweepstakes Program of the Comptroller General in Brazil as well as the performance of the institutions of the accountability system. We also conducted interviews with the leaders of accountability institutions in order to address the issue of cooperation and strategic coordination of the system of institutions.
Explorando la innovación local como proceso clave en la transformación de las instituciones del nuevo milenio
Authors: González Piñeros Nidia Catherine
Published: June 2018

La incompatibilidad entre las políticas energéticas y aquellas ambientales está marcando la historia de la administración pública de los recursos naturales durante el nuevo milenio, particularmente en la región latinoamericana. Este artículo, contrastando los objetivos de las políticas energéticas respecto a aquellos de las políticas ambientales, plantea que la innovación en gobernanza debería considerar articulaciones, en un contexto multinivel policéntrico de impacto local-global. A nivel metodológico conceptual este escrito presenta el enfoque de “gobernanza multinivel”, el modelo de “Administración estratégica de nichos tecnológicos” y el concepto “innovación en gobernanza” como para la implementación de dichas sinergias. Este artículo concluye explorando la integración entre sectores gubernamentales, nichos tecnológicos y conocimiento ecológico local, como coalición clave para avanzar en la articulación intersectorial de las políticas públicas mencionadas.
PROPOSTA DE GESTÃO DE ESTOQUES PARA ATACADO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Schuster Ajala Roberto , Giordani Rodrigo
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo baseia-se e um estudo sobre  gestão de estoques em uma empresa atacadista, que atua na comercialização e distribuição de produtos alimentícios, higiene e limpeza, localizada no município de Cerro Largo - RS. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar uma proposta de gestão de estoque, baseando-se no espaço físico da organização e no agrupamento de mercadorias. A metodologia empregada neste estudo foi de natureza aplicada, quanto ao objetivo exploratória e sua estratégia baseia-se em um estudo de caso. Este estudo contribuiu para que a organização reveja seus conceitos de estocagem, leiaute, endereçamento e outros fatores que afetam de forma direta e indiretamente nos processos de organização e controle dos estoques. O estudo sobre a gestão de estoques para a organização foi de suma importância e fez com que a mesma tenha um melhor aproveitamento do seu espaço físico, que hoje é considerado um permanente desafio da logística interna em muitas empresas. A partir deste estudo, organização possou a contar com uma importante ferramenta de gestão de estoques, que poderá auxiliar na tomada de decisões sobre o mesmo.
APLICAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE MELHORIA CONTÍNUA PARA REDUÇÃO DO TEMPO DE SETUP DE MÁQUINAS OPERATRIZES EM UMA METALÚRGICA
Authors: De Oliveira Rodrigues Rogério , Cardozo Ueno Luis Felipe , Rodrigues Freitas Irene
Published: June 2018

A melhoria nos processos de fabricação tornou-se necessário para a sobrevivência das empresas nos últimos anos. Nessa busca encontra-se a disposição várias ferramentas e métodos que se aplicados corretamente reduzem os desperdícios consideravelmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar o método de melhoria contínua através da filosofia Kaizen em uma metalúrgica situada no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza quantitativa e exploratória tendo como procedimento técnico a pesquisa ação. Para coleta de dados foi feita uma análise no que diz respeito aos tempos de preparação de máquinas operatrizes, em especial tornos CNC's (Comando Numérico Computacional). A partir dos dados obtidos, foram utilizados as ferramentas: Brainstorming, 5S e o SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) para auxiliar na aplicação do Kaizen, pois possuem baixo custo de implantação e necessita muito mais de iniciativas simples e adoção de uma sistemática de trabalho, do que investimento financeiro. Os resultados demostraram que a empresa conseguiu reduzir significativamente as horas utilizadas com o Setup. Além de obter um controle de desempenho do processo, trouxe também motivação e confiança aos colaboradores que executam a função.
MEDIÇÃO DOS DESPERDÍCIOS POR MEIO DO CUSTEIO POR ABSORÇÃO IDEAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA EMPRESA DE GELADOS COMESTÍVEIS
Authors: Lyrio Níkolas Quinteiro , Vallim Maria da Penha Broedel Lopes
Published: June 2018

O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi estudar os desperdícios de uma empresa da área degelados comestíveis, e calcular o desperdício de ociosidade e ineficiência; e identificar ascontribuições da mensuração, controle e ações minimizadoras de desperdícios emaximizadoras de resultados para a empresa. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de casocom abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa com pesquisa de campo, dados coletados atravésdos relatórios de controle interno da empresa, acompanhamento dos processos internos, eentrevistas com proprietário, gerente e empregados. Verificou -se que por meio do custeio porabsorção ideal foi possível mensurar e identificar o desperdício de cada produto e suaparticipação no resultado da empresa. Os achados da pesquisa contribuíram para que oproprietário e gerente pudessem conhecer, praticar, analisar, utilizar as informações de gestãode custos para eliminação de desperdícios.
Begomoviruses infecting common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in production areas in Cuba
Authors: Chang-Sidorchuk Lidia , González-Alvarez Heidy , Martínez-Zubiaur Yamila
Published: June 2018

Viral diseases caused by begomoviruses are economically important for their depressing impact on common bean production in Cuba. Mayabeque is a Cuban province where this crop is significantly grown and affectations by Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) have been detected in the last 30 years. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs in this crop have allowed controlling the disease for a long time. However, in prospections of the last years, an increase of the incidence of various yellowing symptoms typical of begomoviruses has been observed in common bean production areas. DNA was extracted from leaf samples taken from symptomatic plants. Non-radioactive nucleic acid hybridization and a specific PCR assay were used to detect BGYMV, Common bean severe mosaic virus, Common bean mottle virus, and Tobacco leaf curl Cuba virus. Of the 218 bean plants sampled, 89.5 % was positive to BGYMV; the presence of the rest of the begomovirus species was between 3 and 4% (3.08% of CBMoV, 3.08% of TbLCCuV and 4.32% of CBSMV). The viral DNA from some samples was analyzed by rolling circle amplification (RCA), by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using restriction enzymes, and by cloning and sequencing of the viral components. The DNA sequences from BGYMV isolates showed 98% of identity with the isolates reported in Cuba in 2003. The infection by Tobacco leaf curl Cuba virus (TbLCCuV) was confirmed also in fields in the Cuban western region. This is the first work where the DNA-B of TbLCCuV is identified. These studies will help to strengthen phytosanitary surveillance and management programs implemented in the country to control the whitefly-begomovirus complex in this economically important crop.
Climatic regionalization of wine grapes in the Hengduan Mountain region of China
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Wang Lei , Liu Xu , Li Yashan , Wang Xueqiu , Fang Yulin
Published: June 2018

The Hengduan Mountain region of China is one of the world's highest altitude and lowest latitude wine grape cultivation areas. This study screened the existing regional indexes; the active accumulated temperature (AAT) for grapes in the growing season was chosen as the heat index, and the dryness index (DI) in the growing season was chosen as the water index for climatic regionalization. An analysis of 90-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data and the corresponding slope degree and direction for the Hengduan Mountain region in the range of 97°E-103°E, 27°N-33°N, as well as daily meteorological data over 30 years (1981-2010) from 53 stations in the study region, were used to establish the AAT and DI models for the northern area of the Hengduan Mountains. According to the multiple stepwise regression method, the interaction terms among different geographical and topographic factors were considered. In addition, the residual errors were interpolated and corrected based on the modeling, and this approach further improved the simulation accuracy of meteorological factors. A regional climatic map of wine grapes was produced according to these results. The model was used to calculate the suitable altitude range for wine grape cultivation in different regions of the Hengduan Mountains. The study shows that the distribution of suitable wine grape cultivation areas in the northern part of the mountain range generally mimics distribution of dry warm and dry hot valleys. The accuracy of the results was confirmed based on the existing locations of vineyards in the Hengduan Mountain region.
Lambl’s excrescences and a review of therapeutic strategies
Authors: Osorio Benedict , Hou Linle , Xu Jack , Pagan Eric , Piscopiello Michael
Published: June 2018

Background: Lambl’s excrescences (LEx) are thin, filiform structures that arise on the lines of closure of heart valves. Although rare, we have come across various case reports in the literature describing thromboembolic events associated with LEx. We report the case of a 63-year-old female who presented with TIA-like symptoms and was found to have a LEx on the aortic side of native aortic valve. We conducted a comprehensive literature review with emphasis on different therapeutic strategies utilized to provide insight for future encounters.Case presentation: A 63-year-old female with a past medical history significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented to the emergency room with symptoms of dysarthria and unsteady gait. While in the hospital, the patient returned to her baseline gait and speech without intervention. Work-up for including computed tomography of the head, magnetic resonance imaging, and carotid doppler, as well as prolonged telemetry monitoring was negative. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a 0.81 cm linear echodensity attached to the aortic side of the aortic valve, highly suggestive of LEx that was later confirmed on transesophageal echocardiogram. Patient was placed on clopidogrel alone for antiplatelet therapy due to an aspirin allergy and she was subsequently discharged home.Discussion: No standard management for LEx currently exists. We aim to add to the evidence of effective management and explore the literature of patients who have experienced TIA/CVA symptoms secondary to LEx.
Measuring Depth in Still Water: Electrophysiologic Indicators of Residual Consciousness in the Unresponsive Patient
Authors: Koenig Matthew A. , Kaplan Peter W.
Published: June 2018

Searching for evidence of consciousness in outwardly unresponsive patients presents significant clinical challenges as the spectrum of disorders of consciousness has become more clearly defined, with clinical examination, functional MRI, and electrophysiologic tests having complementary roles in the investigation of minimally conscious patients, those in a locked-in state, coma, or in a vegetative state. Serial bedside electrophysiologic testing can probe for higher order cortical responses temporally and spatially propagated through cortical networks, while long-latency event-related potentials may help differentiate patients with coma or vegetative state from a state of residual consciousness. Transcranial magnetic stimulation co-registered to high-density EEG may reveal widespread pulse-stimulated cortical activation of various brain regions. These emerging electrophysiologic techniques show promise as powerful diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.
Liposuction-Induced Fat Embolism Syndrome: A Brief Review and Postmortem Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Cantu Colby A. , Pavlisko Elizabeth N.
Published: June 2018

Lipoplasty, or liposuction, the surgical process of removing excess fat, is an elective procedure with rising frequency in the United States. Fat embolism syndrome is a clinical diagnosis and is defined as fat in the circulation with an identifiable clinical pattern of signs and symptoms (eg, hypoxemia, respiratory insufficiency, neurologic impairment, and petechial rash) that occur in the appropriate clinical context. Fat embolism syndrome following liposuction is a life-threatening complication, although its incidence is low. Currently, there is no specific therapy for fat embolism syndrome, so prevention, early detection, and supportive therapy are critical. Many cases of fat embolism syndrome are undiagnosed or misdiagnosed; however, postmortem examination can provide the means for appropriate diagnosis. Therefore, a pathologist must keep a keen eye, as microscopic fat emboli are difficult to appreciate with routine tissue processing and staining.
Immunohistochemical Expression of p16 in Melanocytic Lesions: An Updated Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Koh Stephen S. , Cassarino David S.
Published: June 2018

Context.—

Making an accurate diagnosis for melanocytic lesions has always been challenging for pathologists, especially when dealing with difficult-to-diagnose cases. Misdiagnosis of melanoma and melanocytic lesions in general has tremendous medical-legal implications, often leading to unnecessary and excessive use of adjunctive tests. Although molecular testing is of much interest and there is great support for its development, currently, for most melanocytic lesions, immunohistochemical studies remain the most practical method for assistance in the routine diagnosis of melanocytic lesions for the average pathologist.

Objectives.—

To review the practical use of p16 immunohistochemistry for evaluating melanocytic lesions, particularly for differentiating benign from malignant tumors, and to perform a meta-analysis of primary studies evaluating p16 immunohistochemistry in melanocytic lesions.

Data Sources.—

A PubMed database search for literature reporting melanocytic lesions and p16 immunohistochemistry was performed. Essential information from each study (number of samples, antibody used, collection dates, overall p16 immunohistochemistry results, and general method of interpretation) was tabulated and analyzed. Examples of representative cases showing p16 immunostaining pattern are also illustrated.

Conclusions.—

Incorporation of p16 immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions is of limited use, especially for the purpose of differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Evaluation of multiple studies reveals a wide range of results. However, there appears to be some value for the use of p16 in distinguishing nodal nevi from metastatic melanoma within nodes. The method of interpretation (nuclear versus cytoplasmic staining) also appears to give differing results, as studies considering only nuclear staining appeared to show more consistent results from study to study.
Investigation of Ethnic Diversity In Pakistan: A Case Study of Karachi
Authors: Farhat Niazi  , Azra Parveen Azad
Published: June 2018

In developing countries increasing population and lack of good governance are the major issues and Pakistan is no exception. These issues are highlighted most in the context of urban centers. Karachi is the most populous city of Pakistan and currently ranked 6th among the mega cities of the world. After partition this city has grown up rapidly due to influx of both national and international immigrants. Urdu speaking persons are the largest ethnic group in Karachi and Pashtuns are second largest group who came to Karachi. It can’t be wrong to say that there are even more Pashtuns in Karachi than in Peshawar itself. Almost 50% of the total population is Urdu speaking whereas 25% of total population is Pashtun in Karachi, whereas, 14% are from Punjab and remaining 9% speaking other languages are settled here. Similarly there are areas in the city marked for Christians, Hindus, Parsis etc. Census Data for the years 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981 and 1998 are taken to analyze the variability of Religion, Population and Language (language data is not available for 1972 census). Spatial development of Slums / Katchi-Abadi 1988 and projection for 2000 has also been discussed. The change in population for the years 1981 and 1988 has been mapped using GIS. MP & ECD Analysis Zones have been used and according to the findings during the years 1986-2000 population increase percent is higher in Surjani Town and Taisar Town. It is also concluded that 96% population living in the city are Muslims and speak more than 9 different languages.
Biotecnología y comunicación en la sociedad democrática: Viejos retos para los nuevos tiempos
Authors: Bernardo-Álvarez Mª Ángela
Published: June 2018

La investigación en biotecnología ha logrado importantes avances; sin embargo, algunos de sus resultados han sido controvertidos por el riesgo sobre la protección de la salud y el medio ambiente, lo que ha limitado la aplicación por el principio de precaución. La divulgación, comunicación e información sobre biotecnología resultan en la actualidad más necesarias que nunca, con el fin de difundir de forma clara, rigurosa y comprensible las innovaciones. De forma simultánea, es imprescindible dar a conocer las certezas, incertidumbres y potenciales conflictos de interés que existen, con el objetivo de difundir la evidencia científica disponible y así promover la toma de decisiones de manera autónoma, libre e informada, un objetivo clave para cualquier sociedad democrática.
Beyond the CSI effect: The keys to good forensic genetics communication
Authors: Carracedo Ángel , Prieto Lourdes
Published: June 2018

Forensic genetics brings together all the genetic knowledge required to solve specific legal problems. In recent decades new techniques have shown the potential of DNA as a profiling system. These advances have arrived hand in hand with other improvements in terms of communication of test results, with the introduction of statistical evaluation. In the collective imagination, nourished by TV series such as CSI, forensic evidence is presented as one hundred percent certain, but the reality is different. However, statistical analysis has allowed us to turn from handcrafted forensic medicine based on intuition and experience, to tests based on evidence and data, where uncertainty is quantified in probabilistic terms.
Sobre el coneixement analògic: La metàfora en el discurs de la biotecnologia
Authors: Salvador Vicent
Published: June 2018

Durant una època dominada pel pensament positivista les metàfores semblaven incompatibles amb la ciència, si més no per a les manifestacions del discurs científic que es consideraven més típiques. Però aquesta aparent transgressió es considera avui imprescindible i profitosa per a la construcció del coneixement. La terminologia d’un saber especialitzat com és la biotecnologia conté sens dubte metàfores. En el discurs de la divulgació científica i dels mitjans de comunicació de massa, la metaforització ateny un grau més alt d’originalitat i es fa més vistent com a estratègia per a incrementar la intel·ligibilitat dels conceptes i per a estimular l’interès dels receptors no especialistes. La projecció antropomòrfica és una de les operacions de més rendiment en aquests discursos.
Analysis and Evaluation of Trapezoidal Speed Humps and Their Impact on the Driver
Authors: Jasiūnienė Vilma , Pociūtė Gintarė , Vaitkus Audrius , Ratkevičiūtė Kornelija , Pakalnis Algis
Published: June 2018

Operating speed is one of the leading safety risk factors, which increases accident risk and influences accident severity. Speeding is the leading cause of accidents and the most common road traffic offense. The key measures of speed control are educational activities and engineering traffic calming measures. This paper presents an investigation of trapezoidal speed humps – one of the traffic calming measures – and their impact on the driver and the occupants of the vehicle. The level of discomfort to the driver and the occupants, caused by vibrations when the vehicle passes the speed hump, was determined during experimental research. The discomfort level, calculated by three methods, indicated the leading cause of discomfort generated by the analysed trapezoidal speed humps.
The Impact of Long-Time Chemical Bonds in Mineral-Cement-Emulsion Mixtures on Stiffness Modulus
Authors: Dołżycki Bohdan , Jaczewski Mariusz , Szydłowski Cezary
Published: June 2018

Deep cold in-place recycling is the most popular method of reuse of existing old and deteriorated asphalt layers of road pavements. In Poland, in most cases, the Mineral-Cement-Emulsion mixture technology is used, but there are also applications combining foamed bitumen and cement. Mineral-Cement-Emulsion mixtures contain two different binding agents – cement as well as asphalt from the asphalt emulsion. Asphalt creates asphalt bonding (responsible for flexible behaviour), whereas cement generates hydraulic bonds (responsible for stiffness of the layer). Final properties of Mineral- Cement-Emulsion mixtures are a result of a combination of both binding agents. While the stiffness of the material is unaffected by asphalt bonding, an increase in stiffness with time is visible for materials treated with hydraulic binders. This publication presents the change in stiffness modulus of Mineral-Cement-Emulsion mixtures by Simple Performance Test. For the analysis, two batches of specimens were used: the first was tested 28 days after compaction (period stated in Polish recommendations) and the second was tested 1.5 years after compaction. Analysis showed that after 1.5 years the stiffness modulus increased by about 10% in comparison to the 28 days after compaction. The change is minor but still significant. Unexpectedly, the level of the increase was unaffected by the combination of the binding agents (asphalt emulsion, cement).
Understanding the Walkability Propensity
Authors: Nigro Marialisa , Petrelli Marco , Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė Rasa , Žilionienė Daiva
Published: June 2018

Walkability analysis has grown in popularity in recent years: several studies have analysed the public health, economic, environmental, transportation and other benefits of promoting walkability. Different authors in the literature focus on the analysis of walking indicators related to the structure of the road network to explain the walkability of an area. However, extra efforts have to be made to study many other conditions that affect the propensity to walk: not just the shape of the network and the urban topology, but also the security and the attractiveness of the landscape, or specific characteristics of the infrastructure such as the size of the sidewalks, the automobile accommodation values (automobile and motorcycle parking) and the pedestrian route difficulty (slope and over length of the paths, dead-end streets). This paper aims to understand the walkability propensity, investigating explanatory variables related to the concept of the pedestrian path quality at the microscopic level. Several data have been collected in different zones of the Rome City (Italy), utterly dissimilar from the pedestrian point of view. These data have been compared with the real path for pedestrian choices and with other standard walkability measures from literature.
A theory and methodology to quantify knowledge
Authors: Fanelli Daniele
Published: June 2018

This article proposes quantitative answers to meta-scientific questions including "how much knowledge is attained by a research field?","how rapidly is a field making progress?", "what is the expected reproducibility of a result?", "how much knowledge is lost from scientific bias and misconduct?" "what do we mean by soft science?", "what demarcates a pseudoscience?".

Knowledge is suggested to be a system-specific property measured by K, a quantity determined by how much the information contained in an explanandum is compressed by an explanans, which is composed of an information "input" and a "theory/methodology" conditioning factor. The three arguments of the K function are quantifiable using methods of classic and algorithmic information theory. This approach is justified on three grounds: 1) K results from postulating that information is finite and knowledge is information compression; 2) K is compatible and convertible to ordinary measures of effect size and algorithmic complexity; 3) K is physically interpretable as a measure of entropic efficiency. Moreover, the K function has useful properties that support its potential as a measure of knowledge.

Examples from a variety of fields are given to illustrate the possible uses of K. These examples include quantifying: the knowledge value of proving Fermat's last theorem; the accuracy of measurements of the electron's mass; the half life of eclipse predictions; the usefulness of evolutionary models of reproductive skew; the significance of gender differences in personality; the sources of irreproducibility in psychology; the impact of scientific misconduct and QRP; the knowledge value of astrology. Furthermore, a cumulative K may complement ordinary meta-analysis and may give rise to a universal classification of sciences and pseudosciences.

Simple and memorable mathematical formulae summarize the theory's key results and implications. In addition to practical uses in meta-research, these formulae may have conceptual applications in philosophy and in research policy, and may guide scientists to make progress on all frontiers of knowledge.
PENGETAHUAN DAN MOTIVASI PERAWAT BERPERAN PENTING DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH TIDUR DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Nuramalia Lia , Kuntarti Kuntarti
Published: June 2018

Perawat memiliki peran penting dalam mengatasi masalah tidur pasien melalui pemberian intervensi keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan intervensi keperawatan untuk mengatasi masalah tidur. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan teknik proportional random sampling. Penelitian ini melibatkan 99 perawat di instalasi rawat inap di salah satu rumah sakit di Jakarta. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan motivasi perawat dengan penerapan intervensi keperawatan (berturut-turut p= 0,022, p= 0,012; α= 0,05). Sebanyak 53,5% perawat belum mengatasi masalah tidur pasien dengan baik. Pengetahuan dan motivasi perawat perlu ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan yang terintegrasi dengan topik keamanan pasien. Kata kunci: intervensi keperawatan, masalah tidur, motivasi, pengetahuan, perawat Knowledge and Motivation of Nurses Important in the Implementation of Nursing Intervention to Overcome Sleep Problems in Hospital. Nurses have an important role in addressing hospitalized patients’ sleeping disorder. This study aimed to identify factors associated with nursing interventions to overcome sleeping disorder in inpatient unit of one hospital in Jakarta. This study applied correlative-analytical with cross sectional design approach. There were 99 nurses recruited by proportional random sampling. Data was analyzed using chi square test method. Results showed that there were correlation between knowledge and motivation with implementation of nursing interventions for sleeping disorder (successively p= 0.022, p= 0.012; α= 0.05). There were 53.5% of the nurses that were unable to provide the intervention well.  The nurses’ knowledge and motivation need to be improved by integrated training of patient safety. Keywords: knowledge, nursing intervention, sleep disorder, motivation, nurse
DEPRESI BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA DI JAKARTA
Authors: Puspadewi A.A. Ayu Rani , Rekawati Etty
Published: June 2018

Setiap orang dapat mengalami depresi, salah satunya adalah lansia, dimana lansia memiliki konsekuensi fungsional yang lebih serius dibandingkan dengan tingkat pertumbuhan lainnya, mulai dari kualitas hidup yang negatif hingga bunuh diri. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara depresi dengan kualitas hidup lansia. Sampel penelitian adalah lansia ≥ 60 tahun yang tinggal di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 1 Jakarta, mampu berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Indonesia, serta bersedia menjadi responden. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan metode simple random sampling yang melibatkan 101 lansia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara tingkat depresi dengan kualitas hidup lansia (p=0,017; α=0,10). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna untuk pengembangan ilmu keperawatan di masa yang akan datang terkait peningkatan kualitas hidup lansia dengan cara menangani depresi lansia. Kata Kunci: Depresi, Kualitas Hidup, Lansia, Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Abstract Depression in Relation with the Quality of Life Elderly in Nursing Home Jakarta. Depression could experienced by anyone, such as elderly whose fuctional consequences is experienced more serious such as low quality of life and the worst one is suicidal. The purpose of this research was to find  the relationship between depression and quality of life in elderly. The research sample was elderly aged 60 and over who live at Institutionof Elderly Budi Mulia 01 Jakarta, speak Bahasa, and willing to be a respondent. This research used cross sectional study design with simple random sampling method which involved 101 elderly. The result of this study showed that there was significant relation between level of depression and quality of life in elderly (p=0.017; α=0.10). This research is expected to be useful for nursing science development in the future, spesificly on preventive of quality of life decreased by handling depression in elderly.  Keywords: Depression, quality of life, elderly, nursing homes
Histone H3 threonine 11 phosphorylation by Sch9 and CK2 regulates chronological lifespan by controlling the nutritional stress response
Authors: Oh Seunghee , Suganuma Tamaki , Gogol Madelaine M , Workman Jerry L
Published: June 2018

Upon nutritional stress, the metabolic status of cells is changed by nutrient signaling pathways to ensure survival. Altered metabolism by nutrient signaling pathways has been suggested to influence cellular lifespan. However, it remains unclear how chromatin regulation is involved in this process. Here, we found that histone H3 threonine 11 phosphorylation (H3pT11) functions as a marker for nutritional stress and aging. Sch9 and CK2 kinases cooperatively regulate H3pT11 under stress conditions. Importantly, H3pT11 defective mutants prolonged chronological lifespan (CLS) by altering nutritional stress responses. Thus, the phosphorylation of H3T11 by Sch9 and CK2 links a nutritional stress response to chromatin in the regulation of CLS.
Lymphatic Pump Treatment Mobilizes Bioactive Lymph That Suppresses Macrophage Activity In Vitro
Authors: Castillo Rudy , Schander Artur , Hodge Lisa M.
Published: June 2018

Context

By promoting the recirculation of tissue fluid, the lymphatic system preserves tissue health, aids in the absorption of gastrointestinal lipids, and supports immune surveillance. Failure of the lymphatic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several infectious and inflammatory diseases. Thus, interventions that enhance lymphatic circulation, such as osteopathic lymphatic pump treatment (LPT), should aid in the management of these diseases.

Objective

To determine whether thoracic duct lymph (TDL) mobilized during LPT would alter the function of macrophages in vitro.

Methods

The thoracic ducts of 6 mongrel dogs were cannulated, and TDL samples were collected before (baseline), during, and 10 minutes after LPT. Thoracic duct lymph flow was measured, and TDL samples were analyzed for protein concentration. To measure the effect of TDL on macrophage activity, RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured for 1 hour to acclimate. After 1 hour, cell-free TDL collected at baseline, during LPT, and after TDL was added at 5% total volume per well and co-cultured with or without 500 ng per well of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours. As a control for the addition of 5% TDL, macrophages were cultured with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 5% total volume per well and co-cultured with or without 500 ng per well of LPS for 24 hours. After culture, cell-free supernatants were assayed for nitrite (NO2
−), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). Macrophage viability was measured using flow cytometry.

Results

Lymphatic pump treatment significantly increased TDL flow and the flux of protein in TDL (P<.001). After culture, macrophage viability was approximately 90%. During activation with LPS, baseline TDL, TDL during LPT, and TDL after LPT significantly decreased the production of NO2
−, TNF-α, and IL-10 by macrophages (P<.05). However, no significant differences were found in viability or the production of NO2
−, TNF-α, or IL-10 between macrophages cultured with LPS plus TDL taken before, during, and after LPT (P>.05).

Conclusion

The redistribution of protective lymph during LPT may provide scientific rationale for the clinical use of LPT to reduce inflammation and manage edema.
Toxoplasmosis cerebral congénita e infección por el virus del Zika y del chikunguña: reporte de un caso
Authors: Gunturiz María Luz , Cortés Liliana , Cuevas Ester Liliana , Chaparro Pablo , Ospina Martha Lucía
Published: June 2018

En este artículo se describe el caso clínico de una mujer colombiana del sur del país con diagnóstico de infección intrauterina por Toxoplasma gondii y por los virus del chikungunya y del Zika. La mujer acudió al control prenatal en el segundo trimestre de su embarazo e informó que durante el primer trimestre había presentado síntomas indicativos de infección por el virus del Zika. Mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en líquido amniótico, se demostró infección por Toxoplasma gondii así como por los virus del chikungunya y del Zika. En las imágenes diagnósticas se observaron malformaciones del sistema nervioso central en el feto. A las 29 semanas de gestación se dio por terminado el embarazo mediante procedimiento médico.
Comparación entre metodologías para el diagnóstico microscópico de malaria
Authors: Cortés Liliana Jazmín , Muñoz Lyda , Ayala Martha Stella
Published: June 2018

Introducción. Como parte del plan de eliminación de la malaria en Colombia, se propuso desarrollar actividades enmarcadas en la línea de trabajo: “Mejorar el acceso y la calidad del diagnóstico de malaria”.Objetivo. Comparar la metodología recomendada por la Organización Panamericana de la Salus con la utilizada en Colombia para el diagnóstico de la malaria.Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras y se prepararon 88 láminas para el diagnóstico de malaria, bajo diferentes tratamientos según los parámetros evaluados. Después de la lectura microscópica por duplicado, se hicieron los respectivos cálculos de varianza para todas las posibles comparaciones de coloración con los dos métodos usados (gota gruesa y gota gruesa combinada), según la coloración (Romanowsky modificado o Giemsa) y el resultado del recuento parasitario (500, 1.000, 5.000 y 10.000 parásitos/μl de sangre).Resultados. Se obtuvo un coeficiente kappa de Cohen de concordancia entre observadores de 0,923 (IC95% 0,768-1,0). Ninguno de los factores (A: coloración, B: metodología) o interacciones (AB) tuvo un efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre los resultados, con un 95 % de nivel de confianza. Conclusión. Según los resultados obtenidos, la observación de dos gotas gruesas en una misma lámina y el uso de la tinción modificada de Romanowsky, continúa siendo una metodología adecuada para el diagnóstico de malaria en Colombia, por sus características técnicas, de almacenamiento, bajo costo y cuidados de uso.
Desempeño de métodos moleculares para la identificación de subtipos poco comunes del virus de hepatitis C genotipo 2
Authors: D’Angelo Pierina , Jaspe Rossana Celeste , Loureiro Carmen Luisa , Gutiérrez Cristina , Sulbarán María Zulay , Sulbarán Yoneira , Toro Felix , Pujol Flor Helene
Published: June 2018

Introducción. El virus de la hepatitis C (HCV) presenta una gran variabilidad genética, con siete genotipos y numerosos subtipos. La determinación del tipo viral ha sido fundamental para la escogencia y la duración del tratamiento antiviral adecuado. En Venezuela, el genotipo 2 del HCV es relativamente diverso, siendo particularmente prevalente el subtipo 2j.Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño de las metodologías para la determinación del genotipo del HCV, particularmente para la identificación del subtipo 2j.Materiales y métodos. Se determinaron el genotipo y el subtipo del HCV mediante la técnica de hibridación inversa LiPA (Line Probe Assay) y secuenciación de las regiones genómicas 5’NC y NS5B del virus.Resultados. En 65 muestras analizadas, la metodología basada en la amplificación de la región 5’NC mostró mayor sensibilidad (100 %), en comparación con la técnica LiPA (91 %) y la secuenciación de la región NS5B (77 %). La determinación de genotipo, tomando como método de referencia la secuenciación de NS5B, mostró un alto grado de concordancia para la secuenciación de la región 5´NC y la hibridación inversa LiPA, con 100 % en la asignación de genotipos, comparado con 70 % y 66 % para los subtipos, respectivamente. La secuenciación de la región NS5B permitió identificar los subtipos 2j y 2s, los cuales no fueron detectados por las otras metodologías. No se observó un patrón característico para las muestras subtipo 2j en la hibridación inversa LiPA.Conclusión. Aunque es la metodología con menor sensibilidad, la secuenciación de la región NS5B es una herramienta poderosa para la correcta discriminación de los distintos subtipos circulantes del HCV, lo cual reviste importancia epidemiológica.
Tuberculosis and comorbidities in urban areas in Argentina. A gender and age perspective
Authors: Echazarreta Alberto , Zerbini Elsa , De Sandro José , Sáenz César , Yessi Leyla , Saad Romina , Manonelles Gabriela , Cuello Mónica
Published: June 2018

Introducción. La tuberculosis continúa siendo un importante problema de salud en el mundo, con una incidencia de más de 10 millones de casos en el 2015. Hay factores que modifican el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad luego de contraer la infección, así como su forma de presentación.Objetivo. Determinar las principales comorbilidades y características demográficas, clínicas y microbiológicas de pacientes adultos con tuberculosis en Argentina, mediante un análisis desde la perspectiva de sexo y edad.Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en hospitales de referencia para pacientes de áreas urbanas con tuberculosis. Se incluyeron pacientes de 15 años o más con tuberculosis pulmonar o extrapulmonar, confirmada bacteriológicamente y en tratamiento hospitalario o ambulatorio, y también, pacientes sin confirmación bacteriológica, pero con características clínicas y radiológicas indicativas de tuberculosis. El período de estudio fue del 1º de agosto de 2015 al 31 de agosto de 2016.Resultados. Se incluyeron 378 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 37 años. El sexo masculino estuvo asociado con tuberculosis extrapulmonar, hospitalización, tabaquismo, adicción a drogas y alcoholismo. Los menores de 40 años presentaron adicción a drogas y bajo peso con mayor frecuencia, en tanto que los de 40 años o más presentaron, en mayor proporción, diabetes, alcoholismo y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Se observaron más casos de sida en el sexo masculino, y en edades de 40 años y más. Conclusiones. Este trabajo permitió conocer las características y las comorbilidades de enfermos de tuberculosis, que influyen en el desarrollo y la evolución de la enfermedad, desde una perspectiva de edad y sexo, con el objetivo de facilitar enfoques de manejo que incorporan aspectos sociales y comunitarios.
Systematics and phylogeny of the Zygodactylidae (Aves, Neognathae) with description of a new species from the early Eocene of Wyoming, USA
Authors: Smith N. Adam , DeBee Aj M. , Clarke Julia A.
Published: June 2018

Zygodactylidae are an extinct lineage of perching birds characterized by distinct morphologies of the foot and wing elements. Although the clade has a complex taxonomic history, current hypotheses place Zygodactylidae as the sister taxon to Passeriformes (i.e., songbirds). Given the rather sparse fossil record of early passeriforms, the description of zygodactylid taxa is important for inferring potentially ancestral states in the largest radiation of living birds (i.e., the ∼6,000 species of extant passeriforms). Despite the exceptional preservation of many specimens and considerable species diversity in Zygodactylidae, the relationships among species have not been previously evaluated in a phylogenetic context. Herein, we review the fossil record of Zygodactylidae from North America and describe five new well-preserved fossils from the early Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming. Two specimens are identified as representing a new species and the first records of the taxonZygodactylusoutside Europe. Anatomical comparisons with previously named taxa and the results of phylogenetic analysis including newly described specimens and previously named zygodactylid taxa provide the first hypothesis of the species-level relationships among zygodactylids. The monophyly of Zygodactylidae is supported in these new analyses. However, the monophyly ofPrimozygodactylusand the taxonomic distinction betweenZygodactylusandEozygodactylusremain unresolved and would likely benefit from the description of additional specimens.
Effects of temperature and salinity stress on DNA methylation in a highly invasive marine invertebrate, the colonial ascidianDidemnum vexillum
Authors: Hawes Nicola A. , Tremblay Louis A. , Pochon Xavier , Dunphy Brendon , Fidler Andrew E. , Smith Kirsty F.
Published: June 2018

Environmentally induced epigenetic changes may contribute to phenotypic plasticity, increase adaptive potential in changing environments, and play a key role in the establishment and spread of invasive species in new habitats. In this study, we used methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) to assess environmentally induced DNA methylation changes in a globally invasive clonal ascidian,Didemnum vexillum. We tested the effect of increasing temperature (19, 25 and 27 °C) and decreasing salinity (34, 32, 30, 28 and 26 practical salinity units (PSU)) on global DNA methylation, growth and survival rates. Exposure to 27 °C resulted in significant changes in DNA methylation over time. Growth also decreased in colonies exposed to high temperatures, suggesting they were under thermal stress. In contrast, no differences in growth nor DNA methylation patterns were observed in colonies exposed to a decreasing salinity gradient, potentially due to prior adaptation. The results of this study show that environmental stress can induce significant global DNA methylation changes in an invasive marine invertebrate on very rapid timescales, and that this response varies depending on the type, magnitude, and duration of the stressor. Changes in genomic DNA methylation and the rate of growth may act to ‘buy survival time’ under stressful conditions, expanding the distribution limits of this globally invasive species.
Specalyzer—an interactive online tool to analyze spectral reflectance measurements
Authors: Koc Alexander , Henriksson Tina , Chawade Aakash
Published: June 2018

Low-cost phenotyping using proximal sensors is increasingly becoming popular in plant breeding. As these techniques generate a large amount of data, analysis pipelines that do not require expertise in computer programming can benefit a broader user base. In this work, a new online tool Specalyzer is presented that allows interactive analysis of the spectral reflectance data generated by proximal spectroradiometers. Specalyzer can be operated from any web browser allowing data uploading, analysis, interactive plots and exporting by point and click using a simple graphical user interface. Specalyzer is evaluated with case study data from a winter wheat fertilizer trial with two fertilizer treatments. Specalyzer can be accessed online at http://www.specalyzer.org.
Potamopyrgus antipodarumas a potential defender against swimmer’s itch in European recreational water bodies—experimental study
Authors: Marszewska Anna , Cichy Anna , Bulantová Jana , Horák Petr , Żbikowska Elżbieta
Published: June 2018

Swimmer’s itch is a re-emerging human disease caused by bird schistosome cercariae, which can infect bathing or working people in water bodies. Even if cercariae fail after penetrating the human skin, they can cause dangerous symptoms in atypical mammal hosts. One of the natural methods to reduce the presence of cercariae in the environment could lie in the introduction of non–host snail species to the ecosystem, which is known as the “dilution” or “decoy” effect. The caenogastropodPotamopyrgus antipodarum—an alien in Europe—could be a good candidate against swimmer’s itch because of its apparent resistance to invasion by European bird schistosome species and its high population density. As a pilot study on this topic, we have carried out a laboratory experiment on howP. antipodaruminfluences the infestation of the intermediate hostRadix balthica(a native lymnaeid) by the bird schistosomeTrichobilharzia regenti. We found that the co–exposure of 200P. antipodarumindividuals per oneR. balthicato theT. regentimiracidia under experimental conditions makes the infestation ineffective. Our results show that a non–host snail population has the potential to interfere with the transmission of a trematode via suitable snail hosts.