bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation Analysis Of Isak 35 In Financial Reporting Of The Gmit Church In Indonesia
Authors: Lomi Ga Linda , Febiani Angi Yohana , G. Tefa Siprianus
Published: May 2023

The church as a non-profit organization also deals with financial management because it gets resources to carry out its operations in the form of donations from the congregation and donors. Therefore, the church needs to implement good financial management through financial reporting according to the Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (ISAK) No. 35. in financial management so as to provide accurate information on financial position, performance, and cash flows as material for evaluation and making appropriate decisions. Through a joint decision with the GMIT Churches in Indonesia in the annual synod meeting, it has been recommended to carry out financial reporting according to applicable standards, but in the realization the implementation is still in the stage of revamping and preparing Human Resources as managers and readiness of financial data information. This study aims to analyze the implementation of ISAK 35 in financial reporting at the GMIT church in Indonesia. The method used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of the research is that GMIT churches in Indonesia have not implemented financial reporting according to ISAK Standard No. 35 because the church is still in the process of administrative reform and updating of church asset data and the church has limited human resources for managing church finances. By conducting training in the form of socialization and the practice of preparing financial reports, it will help the church overcome church problems and obstacles in carrying out financial reporting according to financial standards.
Tourism Assets Management Strategy In Rote Ndao District – Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Apriliana Tungga Cicilia , L.E. Tomasowa Olivia
Published: May 2023

Ndao Regency is one of the regencies that prioritizes the direction of development for 2019-2024 in the tourism sector. The problem in Rote Ndao District is the absence of asset management that focuses on potential tourism assets. In this study, the formulation of the problem is to place a tourism asset management strategy in Rote Ndao Regency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, identify and describe the management of regional assets. This study also formulates priority strategies to improve local asset management of the Rote Ndao District Government. The data consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from direct observation, interviews and questionnaires using purposive sampling method. While secondary data obtained from literature and documents relevant to the research. The analysis in this study uses a SWOT analysis. The results of the study indicate that the weak competence of human resources in asset management is due to the lack of guidance, supervision, lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure and the lack of cooperation involving the private sector and the community to develop tourism potential. The control system affects the performance of regional asset management. The prioritized strategy is to improve the quality of human resources in managing and reporting local government assets.
Financial Accountability Dimensions Of Islamic Values At Al Washliyah Higher SCHO
Authors: Yuslem Nawir , Nurlaila Nurlaila , Yurmaini Yurmaini
Published: May 2023

The problem behind this research is that ideally the financial accountability of Islamic organizations including educational institutions must uphold Islamic values. But in reality, there are still many Islamic educational institutions that have not made Islamic values ​​the basis for managing the financial system. Al Jam'iyatul Washliyah as a community organization based on Islamic teachings manages several universities, where financial management and accountability are required to be based on Islamic values. The formulation of this research is how financial accountability has the dimensions of Islamic values ​​at Al Washliyah College in North Sumatra. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, while the paradigm used is an interpretive paradigm. Data collection methods are interviews, observation and documentation. The data sources of this research are primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained directly from the results of interviews with all informants, namely the vice chancellor II/vice chair II for finance at each Al Washliyah university in North Sumatra. Data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction and drawing conclusions. Techniques to guarantee data validity are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability testing. The results of this study concluded that Islamic values ​​on financial accountability at Al Washliyah College are the value of siddiq, the value of tabligh, the value of trust, the value of fatah, the value of sincerity and the value of deliberation which are used as the basis for carrying out financial management at the Al Washliyah College of North Sumatra.
Analysis of Gross Regional Domestic Products that Influence the Economic Growth Of Batam City 2010 – 2020
Authors: Angela Angela
Published: May 2023

Batam city which is one of the areas in Indonesia that has progressed quite rapidly, as a city located on the border between Singapore and Malaysia. Batam city has a lot of potential in developing its economy, one of which is in the industrial sector. Some of the objectives and reasons of the implementation of this research is as one of the sources of information in studying GDP from Batam, knowing how the economic growth of Batam city from year to year, and factors that affect the economic development of Batam City. In the period of 10 years, from 2010 to 2020, the growth rate of Batam city GDP is in a fairly stable position despite a slight decrease. The result of Batam GDP city every year is quite influential to the economy of batam city this can be seen from the growth rate of GDP every year although the average is below 5% but can bring significant changes to Batam.
Analysis of Income Income in Batam City Through the Tourism Industry
Authors: Napitupulu Ria Bintan , Putri Andrea , Fitri Fitri , Hartono Kendy Setiawan
Published: May 2023

Batam Islands has a strategic geographical location between various foreign countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore. Therefore, competition in the Riau Islands is not centered on national competition, even in the international field, because of the geographical location of the Riau Islands which is closer to various foreign countries than the capital city of Indonesia and is also the third tourism destination after Bali and Jakarta. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Primary data was obtained by conducting (a) in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders in Batam City Regency. While secondary data comes from various trusted publications, such as BPS, Bappeda Belitung Regency, journals, newspapers, magazines, official documents, and other articles sourced from the internet. All the data is then compiled and adjusted to the focus of this study and then analyzed and drawn conclusions. The results of this study concluded that the economic decline in the Batam tourism sector was caused by these factors. (1) The rapid spread of covid-19 made Indonesia decide to close itself off from other countries. (2) the lack of foreign tourists who travel in Batam. (3) Batam has no plans to stabilize the economy when there are no foreign tourists.
Analysis of the Effect of Inflation on Exports of Non-Oil and Gas Commodities Through the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya
Authors: Purwoko Bambang
Published: May 2023

Export-import activities are based on the condition that no one country or region is truly independent because they need and complement each other. In order to increase the growth of the national economy, it is necessary to encourage non-oil exports. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of inflation on non-oil and gas commodity exports in 2017-2019. The research conducted by the researcher is a quantitative correlation study by understanding the relationship between variables, in this case the effect of inflation on the export of non-oil and gas commodities through the Tanjung Perak Port of Surabaya in 2017-2019. The population of this study was taken from data from the Annual Report of Bank Indonesia and the Port of Surabaya Harbormaster for the 2017-2019 period. The sample data is from January 2017 to December 2019. This study used documentation in collecting the data. The documentation method is a method of finding data or information related to research variables through notes, literature, documentation, and others. The analysis data in this study is used descriptive statistical, classic assumption tests and simple linear regression tests. The results of the study conclude that inflation has a significant positive effect on exports of non-oil and gas commodities through the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya in 2017-2019.
Corporate Criminal Liability Arrangements in the IUS Constituendum
Authors: Fajarudin Mohammad
Published: May 2023

The development of science and technology and globalization were already unstoppable today, not only have a beneficial impact, but also often have a negative impact for example by the "globalization of crime" and the development of quality (modus of operation) and the quantity of criminal acts. Offenses rife nowadays with regard to the corporate existence of the corporation is a criminal offense that could result in serious and widespread impact, damage the joints of the nation and threatens the stability of the State. Therefore, the law should take back its role in order to create justice and welfare and in handling needed ways remarkable that one of them is to make the corporation as a subject of criminal law that is considered to be committing a crime and can be criminally).
Application of the Learning Cycle Model with Video Media in Improving the Quality of Learning IPS For Students
Authors: Nurlaini Nurlaini
Published: May 2023

Improving the quality of social studies learning consists of improving teacher skills, student activities, and learning outcomes. Data on student learning outcomes showed as many as 21 students (70%) of the 30 students did not complete the KKM (64). This happens because the teacher has not been optimal in using learning models and media, causing student activity and learning outcomes to be low. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of social studies learning through the application of the Learning Cycle model with video media. The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of social studies learning through the Learning Cycle model with video media for fifth grade students at SDN 32 Sungai Jaring. This study used classroom action research which was carried out in three cycles, each cycle consisting of one meeting with four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of the reflection as planning for the next cycle. The subjects of this study were teachers and 30 fifth grade students at SDN 32 Sungai Jaring. Data collection techniques using test and non-test techniques were analyzed with descriptive and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques. The results showed that the teacher's skills in the first cycle obtained good criteria, the second cycle obtained very good requirements, and the third cycle obtained very good requirements. Student activities in cycle I got good criteria, cycle II got good criteria, and cycle III got very good criteria. Student learning outcomes in cycle I obtained sufficient criteria, cycle II obtained good criteria, and cycle III obtained excellent criteria. The conclusion of this research is the Learning Cycle model with video media can improve the quality of social studies learning for class V SDN 32 Sungai Jaring.
Digitalization of Marketing in Amadanom Dampit Coffee SMEs
Authors: Kriteria Rezhania Jelly
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze how the application of digitalization of marketing in Small and Medium Enterprises Coffee Amadanom in Dampit District, Malang Regency. This research is a research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Researchers want to do research with a natural background or according to the existing context. The researcher wants to reveal the facts related to marketing management in an effort to digitize marketing in the Amadanom Coffee Small and Medium Enterprises, Dampit District. Sources of research data obtained through interviews and observations on six specified informants. The results showed that online marketing activities were carried out very well in UKM Tani Harapan. Offline and online marketing play a role in supporting business marketing. The application of online marketing has a significant impact on increasing income every year. With the implementation of digital marketing, the company's goals are easier to achieve and facilitate integration with other companies. It can be concluded that the application of digital marketing not only facilitates marketing activities carried out by business units but also improves the cooperative relationship between these business units and other business actors.
Design of Recognition Robot With Video Transmitter
Authors: Irawati Irawati , Kartikasari Deasy
Published: May 2023

At appliance - comptroller in general still use the special room for watching area of around, and required some fruit of video and one video for every chamber to can watch every occurrence of place of the room. In consequence proposed the application of this for assisting in watcher, because we can implement this video and can watch with long distance. Because this device apply video available for implemented with long distance apply control transmitter as signal consignor and controller receiver as signal receiver, and processing data here apply microprocessor which allotment to be able to crank and programming language here as controller at PC apply two languages Visual Basic for arranging or controller of movement of motor at device video watcher and linguistic assembly as controller at microprocessor in transmitter and receiver. Takenly of this step can facilitate the us in controlling place wanted without having to install the video of each; every room although place there is still cannot be reached with the video attached. With the application of this earn more profit that is minim of amount of videos and can facilitate we see place which have no reached if the videoes just attached by was wall.
فن الخاطرة في "كلمات" عصام العط َّار: َتحليل ونقد
Authors: مصطفى محمد رزق السواحلي
Published: May 2023

ِ َّيتمت َّ ُع الأستاذ الـ ُمَرّبي "عصام العطار" المولود بدمشق عام )1927م(، والذي يعيش حاليًا في ألمانيا منذ قرابة

نصف قرن بجُْملة من المواهب الأدبي َّة؛ فهو شاعٌركات ٌب خطي ٌب من طراز فريد، وهو من القلائل الذين جمعوا بين البراعة الأدبي َّة والزعامة السياسي َّة، كما جمع بين الثقافتين العربي َّة والغربي َّة، ُمتميًزا بموقفه الوسط بين الانفتاح

ِ الـُمْفّرط، والانغلاق الـُمْنعزل.

ِوكلماتُه التي كانت تـُْن َشر في مجلة "الرائد" والتي ُجمع ْت فيما بعد في كتاب من جزأين تـُ َع ُّد بح ّق نموذ ًجا فري ًدا

لفِّن الخاطرة )Notion(، ذلك النوع الأد ُّبي الذي يت َِّسُم ëلإيجاز الـُموِحي، ووضوِح الهدف، وشعري َّة التعبير

ٍِوالتصوير، حتى إن َّه قريب ال َّشبه مما يس ّميه بعض الأدëء اليوم بقصيدة النثر، كما أن َّه يحتاج من الكاتب إلى ذكاء

ٍٍٍٍٍِواٍع، وق َّوة في الملاحظة، ورهافة في الح ّس، ويقظة في العقل، وامتلاك ßّم لأدوات التعبير والتصوير. ٍ

وهذا البحث يُعنى في مقدمته ببيان أهم المؤثرات في شخصية الأديب التي صبغ ْت أدبَه بصبغة خا َّصة. ثم َّ

ِِِيُعالجُ في مبحثه الأول: تعريف فن الخاطرة، وأه ّم سماته الجمالي َّة، مش ًيرا إلى أه ّم الكتاëت الإبداعي َّة التي تنتمي إليه،

وأبرز الدراسات النقدي َّة التي دارت حوله. ويص ُف في المبحث الثانيكتاب "كلمات" بجُْزأيْه، مبينًا أه َّم الاتجاهات

الموضوعي َّة للخواطر التي يتضمن ُّها: العاطفي َّة، والديني َّة، والسياسي َّة، والاجتماعي َّة... إلخ. ويرسُم في مبحثه الثالث

أه َّم سمات فِّن الخاطرة لدى الكاتب من حيث: بنائها اللفظِّي المُت َّسم ëلإيجاز والوضوح ودق َّة التصوير وجمال

ِِِالسرد. ومن حيث بنائها الفكر ّي المت َّسم oسلامي َّة الإطار، وأصالة الرسالة، وتقديم اله ّم العا ّم على الخاص، ووضوح

المغزى. ومن æحية علاقاøا النصي َّة فهي منفتحة على التراث الدي ِّني والأد ِّبي عربيÃا وعالميÃا.
Isu Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab Di Kalangan Pelajar Tahun 9 Sekolah Ugama Arab Menengah Pengiran Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha (Suampripahs), Negara Brunei Darussalam: Cabaran Dan Penyelesaian.
Authors: Siti Sara Haji Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Kemahiran dan penguasaan bahasa: mendengar, membaca, menulis dan bertutur sangat bergantung kepada jumlah kosa kata yang dimiliki oleh pelajar. Bahkan hubungan kemahiran bahasa dan kosa kata sangat berkait rapat dalam memastikan keberkesanan pembelajaran bahasa. Fenomena kelemahan pelajar dalam bahasa Arab sering dikaitkan dengan kekurangan kosa kata pelajar. Pelbagai faktor dipercayai penyebab kepada isu kekurangan kosa kata tersebut. Makalah ini bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor yang menyumbang kepada isu kekurangan kosa kata di kalangan pelajar, cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pelajar dan juga cadangan penyelesaian. Pendekatan kuantitatif adalah pendekatan yang diguna pakai dalam menganalisa jawapan kaji selidik yang disasarkan kepada pelajar tahun 9 Sekolah Ugama Arab Menengah Pengiran Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha (SUAMPRIPAHS), Katok, Brunei Darussalam. Makalah ini juga pada waktu yang sama turut menganalisa jawapan dalam latihan yang diberikan. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa isu kekurangan kosa kata dianggap isu yang cukup serius yang perlu ditangani segera. Faktor-faktor yang dikenalpasti yang menyumbang kepada isu kekurangan tersebut dipercayai dapat membantu dalam menangani cabaran dan masalah yang timbul daripada isu kekurangan kosa kata di kalangan pelajar dan ianya sekaligus dapat membantu mempertingkatkan penguasaan dan kemahiran pelajar dalam bahasa Arab.
Comparative Literature and its theoretical Dimensions
Authors: Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin
Published: May 2023

Comparative Literature examines the aspects of convergence among the literatures in their different languages and many images of their links in the present or past, and impacts of these historical links and their manifestation, whether they are related to the general artistic assets of the literary genres or literary schools or intellectual currents or to the nature of the topics, attitudes and peoples that are treated and simulated in the literature or they belong to the issues of the technical drafting and partial ideas in the literary work or belong to the different images of the country reflected in the literature of the other nations, as the technical connections that link the peoples and nations on the basis of humanitarian relations that vary depending on the images and the writers. On the base of the definition of comparative literature it was better to be called (Comparative History of Literature) or (History of Comparative Literature), but it became famous by the label of (Comparative Literature), which is a designation lacks its significance, but the summarized label was easy so it deceived on every other label. In this article we will try to mention some fundamental and contemporary trends in Comparative Literature.
Strategi Penghayatan Budaya Untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Bertutur Bahasa Arab
Authors: Ahmad Fared Mohd Din  , Hj. Mohammad Seman
Published: May 2023

Salah satu kemahiran bahasa yang paling sukar untuk dikuasai ialah kemahiran bertutur. Namun begitu, kajian emperikal telah membuktikan bahawa penggunaan Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa (SPB) merupakan salah satu senjata yang berkesan untuk mengatasai masalah tersebut. Apabila kemahiran bertutur bahasa Arab dilihat sebagai suatu kemahiran bahasa yang paling sukar untuk dikuasai, maka penggunaan SPB yang sesuai harus dijanakan semaksima mungkin. Di antara aspek yang masih belum diterokai dengan lebih mendalam sebagai sebuah strategi pembelajaran bahasa untuk meningkatkan kemahiran bertutur ialah aspek penghayatan budaya. Kajian terdahulu hanya menyentuh mengenai kesan pembelajaran bahasa berasaskan pendekatan budaya, menyiasat sikap pelajar terhadap pembelajaran bahasa berasaskan budaya, mengenal pasti minat pelajar terhadap elemen budaya dan kesan bahan pembelajaran bahasa berasaskan budaya ke atas peningkatan linguistik pelajar. Namun begitu, kajian untuk meneroka aspek penghayatan budaya Arab sebagai satu strategi pembelajaran bahasa masih lagi belum dijalankan. Justeru, kertas ini bertujuan untuk (a) memerihalkan satu kajian awal untuk meneroka strategi baharu dalam menguasai kemahiran bertutur bahasa Arab yang dinamakan Strategi Penghayatan Budaya Arab (SPBA) dan; (b) mencadangkan beberapa strategi yang boleh dipraktikkan oleh pelajar untuk menguasai kemahiran bertutur bahasa Arab. Hasil penelitian mendapati bahawa strategi penghayatan budaya Arab dilihat mampu menyumbang ke arah peningkatan penguasaan kemahiran bertutur bahasa Arab melalui 3 aspek iaitu; (1) peningkatan motivasi, (2) ketepatan dan kefasihan sebutan ( segmental dan supra segmental ) dan; (3) penggunaan bahasa berdasarkan aspek sosiobudaya. Selain itu, terdapat 19 item SPBA yang boleh dipraktikkan oleh pelajar untuk menguasai kemahiran bertutur bahasa Arab. Kajian ini dilihat penting bagi membuka dimensi baharu dalam penggunaan strategi pembelajaran dalam menjadikan penguasaan kemahiran bertutur bahasa Arab lebih mudah, lebih menarik, lebih efektif, lebih menyeronokkan dan lebih bersifat realistik.
تَدْريسُ الأدبِ العربيَّ للنَّاطقين بغير العربيَّةِ: تَجَارِبُ وَمُقْتَرَحاتٌ
Authors: مصطفى محمد رزق السواحلي
Published: May 2023

لا شكَّ أنَّ الأدبَ يُمثِّل قيمةً إنسانيَّةً وحضاريَّةً ومعرفيَّةً بالغةَ الثَّراء؛ فهو المرآةُ التي تنعكسُ عليها نفسيَّةُ الأديبِ في آماله وآلامه، وهو الكِتابُ الذي تتجسَّدُ في سطورهِ افكارُ الكاتبِ ورؤاه وأحلامُه، وهو الجناحُ الثاني الذي يؤازرُ الجناحَ الماديَّ للإنسان المكوَّنِ من روحٍ وجسدٍ للتحليقِ في أجواء هذه الحياة. وقد دعا نفرٌ من خبراء تعليم اللغة الثنية إلى استخدام الأدب في تعليم اللغة الهدف للناطقين بغيرها، وقُدِّمتْ في هذا الباب أطروحاتٌ ومُقارباتٌ مُهمَّةٌ في محاولاتٍ جادَّةٍ

للتغلُّب على الصعوباتِ العديدةِ التي تقفُ حَجَرَ عثْرةٍ أمام المتعلِّمين الذين تتعالى شكاواهم من صعوبة فهم النصوص الأدبيَّة بلغة غير لغتهم الأمِّ، تاهيك عن عُسْرِ التفاعل مع مجتواها الثقافيّ. ويضطلع هذا البحث نتقويم مُقاربتين علميَّتين في هذا المقام: الأولى نطريَّة قدَّمها عارف كرخي أبو خضيري في كتابه "توظيف الأدب في تعليم العربيَّة لغير العرب"، والذي طُبِعَ ودُرِّس في جامعة السلطان الشريف علي الأسلاميَّة بسلطنة بروناي دار السلام. والثانية تطبيقيَّة قدمها حسن خميس المليجي في كتابه "الأدب والنصوص لغير الناطقين بالعربيَّة"، والذي طُبِعَ ودُرِّس في جامعة الملك سعود بالمملكة العربيَّة السعوديَّة؛ مُبينًا أهمَّ الملاحظات المنهجيَّة على المقاربتين. وير كِّزُ البحثُ على بيان معالم المنهج المقترح؛ من حيث أهداف الملنهج معرفيًّا ومهاريًّا ووجدانيًّا، ووضع معايير لاختيار النصوص الأدبيَّة شعرًا ونشرًا؛ لتكون صورةً معبِّرةً عن مسيرة الأدب العربييّ تاريخيًّا وفنيًّا، ورسم مخطَّطٍ تاريخيًّ للعصور الأدبيَّة متضمِّنًا أهمَّ القضايا والشخصيَّات التي بُقْتَرح الاهتمام بها في كلِّ عصر، ثمّ تحديد معالم المحتوى اللغويّ والثقافيِّ للمنهج المقترح، وينتهي ألتي يُقْتَرح الاهتمام بها في كلَّ عصر، ثم تحديد معالم المحتوى اللغويّ والثقافيِّ للمنهج المقترح، وينتهي إلى اقتراح جملة من الإثراءات المصاجبة للمنهج. عامًا بأنَّ المنهج المقترح ليس قالبًا جامدًا مُلْزمًا، ولكنَّه إطازٌ فَضْفاضٌ يمكن أنْ يستوعبَ كثيرًا من القضايا والتراجم والنصوص التي يَبْقَى للقائم بالتدريس مطلقُ الحريَّةِ في انتقاءِ ما يناسب طلابَهُ سنًّا وثقافةً وتوجُّهًا.

الكلمات المفتاحيَّة: منهج مقترح ـ الأدب العربيّ ـ الناطقون بغير العربيَّة.
مقرّر مادّة اللّغة العربيّة في المدراس الدينية الابتدائية والمدارس العربية في سلطنة بروناي دار السلام: دراسة مقارنة
Authors: محمد يدي بن الحاج محمد ياسين  , Siti Sara Haji Ahmad  , Salah Sebouai
Published: May 2023

تهدف هذه المقالة إلى تحديد الفرق بين مقرر مادة اللغة العربية في المدارس العربيلة والمدارس الدينية الابتدائية عن طريق المقارنة بين المقررين. قام مكتب إدارة الدراسات الإسلامية في عام ٢٠١١م بنقل التركيز في تعليم مادة اللغة العربية من المدارس الدينية إلى المدارس العربية بإنشاء مدرسة حسن البلقية العربية الثانوية للبنين في سنة ١٩٦٦م، والذي تمّ اعتماده للسنة التمهيدية حتى السنة السادسة في عام ٢٠١٦م. ومنذ ذلك الحين، لم يجد الباحث بحثا علميًّا يكشف الفرق بين مقرر اللغة العربية في المدارس الدينية الابتدائية والمدارس العربية؛ لهذا جاءت هذه الورقة العلمية لتوضح الفرق بينهما، وبيان سبب وجود منهجين لتدريس اللغة العربية في سلطنة بروناي دار السلام. ومن نتائج هذه الدراسة هي أن هناك فرقًا كبيرًا بين هذين المقررين وذلك بناء على وجود فرق في أهداف دراسة مادة اللغة العربية في تلك المدارس.

الكلمات ال ر ئيسة: المقرر - تلعيم اللغة العر بية - المدارس العر بية - المدارس الد ينية - الكتاب المقرّر
Forensic Linguistics and its Role in Crime Investigation: Descriptive Study
Authors: Adil Elshiekh Abdalla
Published: May 2023

This desrcrptive study aims at discussing the discipline of forensic linguistics in terms of its definition, history , scope, and its role in detection of the crime. The study revealed that this decipine is considr ed one of the most contemporary scientific fields that deal with the analysis of linguistic evidence with aim to clarify any ambiguity exist in any judicial process, especially in the investigation of crimes and legal cases. The forensic linguistics also involves in probing the crucial legal documents and other linguistic evidence, such as handwritten texts prior to suicide attempt, and any evidence from crime scenes or kidnappers` notes.
Analisis Semantik dan Pragmatik Terhadap Terjemahan Mesin Google Arab - Melayu
Authors: Muhamadul Bakir Hj. Yaakub  , Muhamad Alif bin Haji Sismat  , Ijlalina Nadzirah Hj. Md. Yunos
Published: May 2023

Penterjemahan bermesin yang juga dikenali sebagai e-translasi atau e-terjemahan adalah bermaksud pemindahan teks daripada satu bahasa kepada satu bahasa yang lain dengan menggunakan perantaraan mesin perisian komputer. Dengan kata lain, ia merujuk kepada mesin terjemahan bahasa berasaskan internet seperti enjen carian Google (www.google.com). Dengan kepesatan kemajuan teknologi maklumat, kini muncul pelbagai bentuk perisian terjemahan berkomputer di pasaran. Ia menjadikan aktiviti terjemahan terbuka kepada semua, sama ada berkemahiran atau pun tidak. Bahkan ia tersebar dengan meluas dalam kalangan masyarakat umum, menjangkaui lapisan dan bidang kerjaya, seperti pelajar, guru dan juga para pegawai. Kebanyakan mereka cenderung menggunakan perkhidmatan ini untuk memenuhi pelbagai keperluan, serta percuma dan mudah dicapai. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan dapatan kajian ini terdapat pelbagai bentuk kesilapan terjemahan terutamanya dari aspek semantik dan juga pragmatik. Hal ini perlu dianalisis supaya sumber kelemahan itu dapat dikenal pasti untuk diatasi, dan seterusnya membantu pengguna menggunakannya secara berkesan. Penganalisaan pula menggunakan sampel kajian mudah (yang terpilih lagi sistematik) untuk tujuan penjenisan makna, menilai ketepatan atau kesesuaian dan seterusnya perbandingan penunjuk makna.
محمد إقبال وموقفه من تجديد التفكي الديني في الإسلام
Authors: Salahuddin Mohd. Shamsuddin
Published: May 2023

قد طبع هذا الكتاب لمحمد إقبال بالإنجليزية: (Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam) ثم ترجم إلى العربية. ويحتوي هذا الكتاب على مجموعة من محاضراته الستة التي ألقاها محمد إقبال في (مدارس) و(حيدر آباد)، وطبع في (لاهور) لأول مرة في عام 1930م. هي تلك المحاضرات التي جمعت تحت عنوان: (تجديد التفكير الديني في الإسلام). وهي أكبر أثر فكري تركه محمد إقبال. وقد تناول محمد إقبال في كتابه هذا بأسلوبه الفلسفي تلك الموضوعات التي تتعلق بالعلم، والتجارب الروحية، وتصور واجب الوجود، والحقيقة والعادة، والذات البشرية، والجبر والاختيار، وروح الحضارة الإسلامية، والاجتهاد، وتطوير الشريعة الإسلامية. وتظهر شخصية إقبال في كتابه: (تجديد التفكير الديني في الإسلام) مفكرا وفيلسوفا إسلاميا، حيث نراه فيه كأنه يريد أن يضع علم الكلام من جديد. إن محمد إقبال قد تناول فيه الموضوعات المشار إليها بالبحث الدقيق والدراسة العميقة في ضوء المعارف الإسلامية والفلسفة الحديثة، وفتح أبواب التفكير في الإسلام أمام المفكرين والدارسين المعاصرين له في المجالات المختلفة. ويهمنا قبل أي شيء أن نقف على فكره الإسلامي حتى نستطيع أن نتفهم شعره الذي أراد أن يجعله في خدمة الإسلام، فلا غني عن دراسة مجموعة محاضراته السبعة النثرية في تجديد التفكير الديني في الإسلام بل نظن أن الدارس لا يمكن أن يصل إلى روح شاعريته وعمق فكره بدون دراسة تلك المحاضرات.

الكلمات المفتاحية: محاضرات محمد إقبال. تجديد التفكير الديني. الذات الإنسانية. روح الثقافة الإسلامية. منه ج المعرفة في الإسلام .
التناص القرآني في ديوان الإمام الشافعي
Authors: الحاجة رفيده بنت الحاج عبد الله
Published: May 2023

إنَّ ظهور التناص في الشعر المعاصر يدلُّ على ثقافة شمولية لهؤلاء الشعراء الذين يميلون إلى استخدام هذا الجنس الأدبي، وكذلك التناص القرآني. فالقرآن الكريم فريد في نظمه، معجز في انسجام مفرداته وسياقاته، ومتميز بخصوصية دِلالاته، ورائع بخصوبة مفهوميته. ومن أجل ذلك، يشكّل القرآن الكريم مصدراً من المصادر التي ينهل منها الشاعر. والتناص القرآني يعني أن يقتبس الأديب بعض الآيات من القرآن الكريم لإبراز أعماله الأدبية من جمالها وروعة صياغتها، كما أنه يتخذ العبرة من القرآن الكريم، "والاستشهاد به حتى ولو بكلمة واحدة". "فالكلمة وحدها لا تشير إلى شيء، وإنما يستخدمها الأديب بأسلوب يقتفي أثر النظم القرآني". وانطلاقًا مما سلف، فإنَّ التعامل مع النصوص القرآنية يُرَقِّي بالشعر إلى أرفع المراتب، كما أنَّ التعاملالمرفوض مع هذه النصوص ينقص رتبة الشعر وقيمته. فمن هذا المنطلق، أن تضمين النصوصالقرآنية في الأدب بشكل فني يزيد من إيحاءات النص الشعري وثرائه الفكري، كما يعتبر عنصراًمن عناصر إحباط عملية الإبداع، إذْ يندمج الشاعر في القرآن اندماجاً مطلقاً. فهذه المقالة تهدف إلى التعريف بالتناص عند العرب والغرب، ثم الكشف عن التناص القرآني في ديوان الإمام الشافعي. ووجدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي منهجًا مناسبًا لدراسة الموضوعدراسة نصية، لأنه يحتاج إلى دراسة وصفية لتوضيح تعريف التناص ووظائفه، والمنهج التحليلي يساعد الباحثة في دراستها التحليلية للتناص القرآني في ديوان الإمام الشافعي.
CABARAN LINGUISTIK DAN BUDAYA KONTEMPORARI DALAM TERJEMAHAN AL-QURAN BAHASA MELAYU
Authors: Haji Yaakub Muhammadul Bakir , Rahmat Nurhusnina Raihanah , Muhamad Darussalam Munthe Borneo  , Haji Othman Nurhamizah
Published: May 2023

Kajian ini adalah satu percubaan mengenal pasti bentuk-bentuk cabaran semasa yang dihadapi oleh pengguna Terjemahan al-Quran Bahasa Melayu terutamanya dari perspektif perbezaan linguistik dan budaya yang terdapat diantara teks terjemahan dan penggunanya yang membawa kepada kesamaran dan ketidak jelasan. Usaha ini dijayakan dengan menganalisis bentuk gaya bahasa yang telah digunakan dalam terjemahan itu beserta dengan membuat rujukan kepada pesepsi pengguna. Kaedah ini dikenali sebagai analisis tekstual lapangan. Kami menjalankan temu-bual mendalam dengan tujuh orang peserta lapangan yang mewakili pelbagai lapisan dan golongan. Pendekatan ini dapat menerangkan kebenaran hipotesis kajian yang berkaitan dengan wujudnya perbezaan gaya bahasa diantara teks sumber berbanding dengan teks sasaran. Untuk tujuan persempalan, setiap kata yang terdapat dalam ayat [’Isti‘azaṯ] seperti “Kata Sendi Nama (Preposisi) {ba’} dan {Min}” dipilih sebagai model analisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa analisis tekstual lapangan merupakan kaedah yang sesuai untuk mengenal pasti bentuk-bentuk cabaran kontemporari dalam penggunaan terjemahan al-Quran Bahasa Melayu, terutamanya daripada perspektif gaya bahasa dan kebudayaan serta pemikiran pengguna terjemahan. Dapatan kajian juga menjelaskan bahawa hipotesis nol yang harus ditolak oleh pengkaji ialah: "kefahaman tatabahasa Melayu membantu penterjemah menghasilkan keseragaman dalam penterjemahan al-Quran". Ini kerana tiadanya korelasi antara semua maklum balas yang diperolehi daripada lapangan. Dengan ini jelaslah bahawa penggunaan struktur bahasa banyak dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan persaorangan yang tidak bersifat rasmi. Keadaan ini seterusnya mempengaruhi bentuk budaya dan pemahaman masyarakat bahasa sasaran disamping perbezaan sosiobudaya yang sentiasa berkembang akibat perubahan masa dan ruang persekitaran.
Experimental deixis in the space of poetic text
Authors: Feshchenko Vladimir V.
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the linguopoetics of deixis as one of the key mechanisms for expressing subjectivity in artistic communication. The aim of the study is to discuss the specifics of deictic words and constructions in experimental poetic discourse. The second part of the article analyzes the functions of personal, spatial, and discourse (textual) deixis in the visual layout of a poetic text (spatial design of verse). The material for analysis encompasses Edward Cummings’ experimental verse, conceptual poetry, US Language Writing, and Arkadii Dragomoshchenko’s poetic texts. The study has found that the deictic means of language, interacting with the visual space of the poetic text, actualize the dynamic subjec­tivity of the aesthetic utterance. In poetic discourse, the spatiality, length and duration of the utterance (message) as such is a particularly active field of indexicality.
Extraction And Purification of The Active Substance Contained In The Aloe Vera For Their Use As a Natural Flocculant
Authors: Djema Rayel , Rahma Ferrag , Benalia Abderrezzaq , Khalfaoui Amel , Pizzi Antonio
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is the use of organic substances (Aloe Vera juice) as flocculant, the obtained coagulant aid is used to reduce the water turbidity intended for consumption. The latter is obtained from the drinking water treatment plant of Oued El Athmania, Mila, Algeria: the characterization of this water shows that the initial turbidity and suspended solids were 5.5 NTU and 7.4 mg/L, respectively.

            The effectiveness of Aloe Vera juice is tested at the laboratory where aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant. The role of the latter is the destabilization of negatively charged colloids present in the water to be treated, and the Aloe Vera juice which is used as bio-flocculant favors the agglomeration and the formation of flocs to improve the turbidity removal efficiency. The Aloe Vera juice is obtained after cleaning and grinding the Aloe Vera leaves. The solution obtained is diluted to 10% before use.   

The results obtained show that the reduction of turbidity is 86.9% with a maximum reduction of suspended matter 72.97% for a dose of 40 mg/L of aluminum sulfate and pH 7.2. The addition of Aloe Vera juice increases the turbidity reduction to 89.27% and the suspended solids to 77.02%. In this case the concentration of sludge produced was about 0.847 g/L. In this study, several parameters were measured such as pH, organic matter, alkalinity, total carbon ...etc.

In this study, the types of active substance in the Aloe Vera was identified using FTIR and XRD.
Optimal Planning of Wind -based DG Units in Uncertain Distribution Network
Authors: Khaled Fettah , Talal Guia , Ahmed Salhi , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the Zebra Optimization Algorithm (ZOA), a novel bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for optimizing the allocation of distributed generation (DG) units based on wind turbine (WT) technology in distribution networks (DN). The algorithm is based on the foraging and defense strategies of zebras in the wild. ZOA seeks to reduce total energy losses and improve the distribution network's daily voltage profile. The proposed method was applied to a typical IEEE 33-node distribution network, and the simulation results were compared to those obtained by other recently developed optimization algorithms. The comparison report affirmed the efficiency of the Zebra Optimization Algorithm method, demonstrating its ability to outperform existing optimization algorithms.
Microbial and Heavy Metal Presence and Impact on Soil Pollution for Central Albania
Authors: Jançe Anila , Jançe Admir , Bogoev Valentin
Published: May 2023

This scientific study was undertaken by presenting data on the presence of microorganisms (bacteria) and heavy metals found in the underground layers of Elbasan city. From the obtained results, it was judged whether the presence of bacteria and chemical elements is at such levels as to be considered as a soil pollution factor. The main purpose of this scientific paper is to provide the possible correlation between chemical and microbial soil pollution, which directly or indirectly affects the health of the city's residents. To achieve this goal, five soil samples were taken by digging to a depth of 0.5 m, during March 2023. Mainly, the Elbasan area has been at the center of criticism over the years and is considered an area with significant atmospheric pollution, of a chemical and microbiological nature. We have obtained results that prove chemical and bacterial data that can be considered as a soil pollution factor. In conclusion, based on the analysis of the results and compared with the permitted rates of pollution, the level of chemical pollution of the soil from the nickel element appears, which is in the amount of about 2 and a half times more than the standards determined by the relevant Regulatory Acts of the EU. Based on the study and monitoring that was done to the Elbasan city, we think that soil pollution is mainly dedicated to the activity of the farmer in the misuse of organic and chemical fertilizers, the mismanagement of wastewater by the relevant authorities, and especially the abusive activity to the detriment of nature carried out by industries that operate in the city.
The Effect of Smart Home Technology on the Quality of Life of the Elderly
Authors: SEVEN Ferit , DİRİK Mahmut
Published: May 2023

Integration of smart home technology has emerged as a critical development that significantly increases the wellbeing of elderly people. This is accomplished by providing various tools and services that support health, safety and independent living conditions. The use of advanced security features such as remote monitoring, security cameras and motion sensors has been effective in preventing accidents and alerting caregivers or family members in potential emergencies, thus increasing the feeling of independence and self-sufficiency among the elderly. It also allows elderly people to maintain their independent living for long periods of time. In particular, smart home devices that allow an individual to control their environment through voice commands or remote access are optimized for efficiently and effectively completing daily activities. This technology also provides many health and fitness benefits, particularly for elderly people who are socially isolated or living alone. Studies have shown that smart home technology has a significant potential to improve the quality of life of elderly people. In conclusion, it is considered a critical development that allows elderly people to live independently, comfortably and safely.
Hava Kanallı Dikdörtgen Oluk Tipi Kanatçıkların Güneş Hava Kolektörleri Performansına Etkisinin Sayısal Analizi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Murat , ÇİFTÇİ Erdem
Published: May 2023

Nüfus yoğunluğunun artışı ile ortaya çıkan enerji krizi farklı enerji kaynakları arayışlarına nedenolmaktadır. Güneş enerjisi de alternatif olarak başvurulan en önemli kaynaklardan biridir. Çok farklıuygulama alanlarına sahip güneş enerjisinin en önemli sistemlerinden biri de güneş hava kolektörleridir.Bu anlamda güneş hava kolektörlerinin performansı da büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada tekgeçişli düz plakalı güneş hava kolektörünün analizi ANSYS Fluent yazılımı ile yapılmıştır. Her bir kolektörperformansı Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (HAD) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Başlangıçta düz plakalıstandart tip güneş hava kolektörü modeli yapılmış, daha sonra hava kanallı dikdörtgen oluk tipi kanatçıklarsisteme entegre edilmiştir. 3, 5 ve 9 adet kanatçık sayılarının kolektör performansına etkisi ve hava akışhızları analiz edilmiştir. Her bir emici yüzey siyah mat boya ile kaplanmış ve alüminyum malzemedenoluşmuştur. Ek olarak kolektöre hava giriş hızı da 3 m/s olarak belirlenmiştir. Farklı kanatçık sayılarıaltında yapılan bu çalışmada kolektör performansının kanatçık sayıları ile doğru oranda artış gösterdiğigörülmüştür. Kanatsız tip kolektörde hava çıkış sıcaklığı 44.5℃ olarak elde edilmiştir. 3 Kanatlı güneşhava kolektörünün hava çıkış sıcaklığı 47.54℃, 5 kanatlı güneş hava kolektörünün 50.60℃ ve 9 kanatlıgüneş hava kolektörünün ise 68.89℃ olarak elde edilmiştir.
Aronya (Aronia melanocarpa) Fidanlarının in Vitro ve in Vivo Şartlarda Tuz Stresine Toleranslarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: MAHMOOD Mahmood Shaker , PIRLAK Lütfi
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmada son yıllarda yüksek antioksidan içeriği ve insan beslenmesindeki önemi ile dikkatçeken aronya bitkisinin in vitro ve in vivo ortamlarda tuz stresine karşı gösterdiği tepkiler araştırılmıştır.Bu kapsamda bitkilerin in vitro ve in vivo ortamlarda farklı tuz seviyelerinde morfolojik, fizyolojik vebiyokimyasal tepkileri incelenmiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonları in vitro ortamında 1/3 seyreltik MS, 7/10seyreltik MS, MS (kontrol), MS +1g L-1 NaCl, MS +3 g L-1 NaCl, MS +6 g L-1 NaCl, MS +8 g L-1 NaCl,MS +9 g L-1 NaCl; in vivo ortamda ise 2:1 oranında torf: perlit karışımı içeren 2 litrelik saksılara dikilmişolan aronya fidanlarına sulama suyuyla birlikte haftada 25mM NaCl şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Yapraklardatuz stresine bağlı olarak zararlanmanın başladığı andan itibaren topraktaki tuz seviyeleri belirlenerekdeneme sonlandırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre in vitro şartlarda 1/3 seyreltik MS, 7/10 seyreltik MS,MS (kontrol) ortamlarında explantlarda zarar meydana gelmemiş, MS +1g L-1 NaCl ve MS +3g L-1 NaCldozlarında sürgün ucu ve yapraklarda kahverengileşme, MS +6 g L-1 NaCl, MS +8 g L-1 NaCl, MS +9 g L1 NaCl ortamlarında ise ölüm meydana gelmiştir. in vivo şartlarda tuz uygulamasında bitkilerde sürgün ucuve yapraklarda kahverengileşme meydana gelmiştir. Tuz uygulamaları sonucu dozun artışına paralel olarakbitki boyu, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, klorofil içeriği, protein içeriği azalmış, yaprak nispi su içeriğive prolin içeriğinde ise değişiklik meydana gelmemiştir.
Su arıtma için etkin malzeme
Authors: Pişkin Mehmet
Published: May 2023

Farklı kirleticilerin atık sudan uzaklaştırılması için yeni ve daha etkili malzeme ve teknolojilergeliştirmeye olan ilgi sürekli artmaktadır. Bu amaçla kitin ve kitosan, suda çözünen organikler ve ağır metaliyonları gibi bazı tehlikeli kirleticileri ilginç bir şekilde uzaklaştırma kapasiteleri nedeniyle birçokaraştırmacının dikkatini çekmiştir. Kitin ve kitosan bolluğu, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilirliği, toksikolmaması, biyouyumluluğu, yenilenebilir doğası, düşük maliyeti, çok yönlülüğü ve kimyasal modifikasyonkolaylığı ile bilinir. Özelliklerine bağlı olarak, bu polisakkaritler, atık su arıtma alanındaki uygulamalar içingüçlü adaylardır. Ayrıca, bu biyouyumlu ve biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen karbonhidrat polimerleri, bolve yenilenebilir kaynaklar olan düşük maliyetli sorbentler kategorisine girer. Kitinin sınırlı çözünürlüğü vekitosanın pH'ına karşı yüksek hassasiyeti bazı fizibilite sorunları da oluşturur. Bu bağlamda, birçok çalışma,su arıtma amacıyla iyileştirilmiş özelliklere sahip türevler ve kompozitler geliştirmek için kitin ve kitosanınkimyasal modifikasyonunu önermektedir. Bu çalışmada, adsorpsiyon, pıhtılaşma/flokülasyon ve UFsaflaştırma süreçleri gibi kitin/kitosan materyallerini içeren su saflaştırması için en uygun yöntemlereodaklanılmış olup, kitin ve kitosan, türevleri ve bileşikleri ile, su arıtma uygulamaları perspektifindenincelenerek, temsili organik kirleticilerin ve ağır metallerin sulu çözeltilerden uzaklaştırılmasındakiavantajları bildirilmiş olup adsorpsiyon, pıhtılaşma/flokülasyon ve ultrafiltrasyon gibi saflaştırmaişlemlerini yöneten prensipler ve mekanizmalar da irdelenmiştir.
Liveyda İntrüzyonu’nun (Trabzon, KD Türkiye) Jeolojik, Mineralojik ve Petrografik Özellikleri
Authors: Kaygusuz Abdullah , Vural Alaaddin
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmada, Maçka (Trabzon) güneyinde yer alan Liveyda İntrüzyonu'nun jeolojik, mineralojikve petrografik özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Doğu Pontidler’in kuzeyinde yer alan çalışma alanınıntabanında Paleozoyik yaşlı Şahmetlik Plütonu yer alır. Şahmetlik Plütonu üstüne uyumsuz olarak bazalt,andezit ve piroklastlarından oluşan liyas yaşlı birimler yer alır. Bu birimler Dogger-Malm-Alt Kretase yaşlıBerdiga Formasyonu ile uyumsuz olarak üstlenirler. Andezit ve piroklastlarından oluşan Geç Kretase yaşlıbirimler bu kayaçlar üzerinde yer alır ve dasit ve piroklastlarından oluşan Geç Kretase yaşlı birimlertarafından üstlenirler. Tüm bu birimler inceleme alanının en genç birimi olan Geç Kretase yaşlı Liveydaİntrüzyonu tarafından kesilirler.Liveyda İntrüzyonu yaklaşık 2 km2’lik bir alanda yayılım göstermiş olup, elips şekilli bir sokulumdur.İntrüzyonu oluşturan kayaçlar tonalit ve granodiyorit bileşimlidir ve ince-orta taneli, daha az oranda daporfirik, poikilitik ve mikrografik dokulara sahiptirler. Kayaçlar başlıca plajiyoklas, kuvars, ortoklas,biyotit ve hornblend minerallerinden oluşur. Tali mineralleri apatit, zirkon ve opak mineraller oluşturur.İntrüzyonu oluşturan kayaçlara ait plajiyoklas mineralleri An23-39 bileşimlidir (andezin ve oligoklas).İntrüzyonu oluşturan kayaç örnekleri KAP diyagramında K2O'ca fakir kalk-alkalen trend sunarlar.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Ti/IrO2/RuO2 Anode in COD Removal from Paper Industry Wastewaters by Electrooxidation Method
Authors: Fil Baybars Ali , Elgün Cansu
Published: May 2023

In the research, the electrooxidation method of the electrochemical treatment methods in thebatch system was explored a variety of experimental conditions for the treatment of wastewater from thepaper sector. 4 anodes and 4 cathodes sieve type plates with dimensions of 7 cm x 10 cm were positionedat 0,5 cm intervals in the 2000 mL volume jacketed glass reactor used for the treatment of wastewater fromthe paper industry, and 1200 mL wastewater was used in the testing. 4 coated Ti/IrO2/RuO2 electrodes ofthe sieve type were used as the anode material and 4 uncoated Ti electrodes of the sieve type were utilizedas the cathode material in the electrooxidation of effluent from the paper industry. In the experiments, theremoval rate of the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) pollutant parameter; The effects of supportingelectrolyte types and concentrations such as KCl, NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4, and parameters such as initialpH value and current density of wastewater without supporting electrolyte were investigated. According tothe results obtained; In the experiments conducted at the natural pH value of wastewater, 18.55 mA/cm2was the most effective current density, 0.50 M NaCl was the most effective supporting electrolyte type andconcentration. The COD removal rate at the best conditions (37.11 mA/cm2current density) was 90.62%.In optimum conditions; 73.20% COD removal efficiency has been achieved.
Mikro Yapıda Geometrik Sarmal (Helical) Simetri
Authors: Özdemir Ali , Özdemir Canan
Published: May 2023

Çalışmada bazı mikro yapıların simetri durumları belirlenerek geometrik modellemeleri yapılmıştır.Simetri geometrisine sahip bir çok örnekleri doğada çıplak gözle kolaylıkla görmek mümkündür.Ağaçlarda dalların yerleşimi, çiçek kısımlarının dizaynı ve yapıları, suda oluşan dalgalar gibi doğalyapılarda geometri simetrileri bulunur. Bir kaçını saymaya çalıştığımız bu örnekler geometrik olarakmodellenip, matematik formüller ile ifade edilebilirler. Bilinen anlamı ile simetri, uyumlu ve güzel birorantı ve denge hissini ifade eder. Geometride ise simetri daha kesin bir tanıma sahiptir ve genellikle bazıdönüşümler altında değişmez olan bir nesneyi ifade etmek için kullanılır. Simetrinin geometrideki tanımlarıyapılırken bu tanımlar öteleme, yansıtma, döndürme veya ölçekleme gibi kavramlar ile ifade edilir. Buçalışmada materyal olarak bazı bitki dokularına ait mikro yapılar kullanılmıştır. Mikro yapıları elde etmekiçin bitki dokularından alınan enine kesitler ile hazırlanan preparatlar kullanıldı. Çalışmamızda ancakmikroskopla görebildiğimiz bazı bitki mikro yapılarında simetri yapıları belirnenip, matematikselformülleri ve geometrik modelleri gösterilmiştir. İncelediğimiz mikro yapıların geometrik sarmal simetriyapısına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde makro yapılara ilişkin simetrik özellikler ile ilgiliçalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak mikroskopla gözleyebileceğimiz mikro yapıların simetrisi ile ilgiliçalışmalar oldukça sınırlı sayıdadır. Makro yapılarda olduğu gibi materyalin mikro yapılarındaki geometrikmodelleri de kullanılabilirlik açışından oldukça önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, bazı mikro yapılarda simetrininolduğu ve bunların geometrik olarak modellenip matematik formüller ile tanımlanabilir oldukları tespitedilmiştir.