bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PW01-60 - Similar Short- And Long-Term Efficacy Results Of Aripiprazole In Post-Pubertal Adolescents (Ages 15-17) And Adults With Schizophrenia
Authors: Loze J.-Y. , Correll C. , Landsberg W. , Forbes R.A. , Nyilas M. , Jin N. , Carson W.H.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Available data suggest that sex hormone levels during puberty may affect symptom onset and expression, treatment responsiveness and outcomes in schizophrenia, whereas post-pubertal adolescents may have a similar clinical presentation and treatment response compared to adults with schizophrenia.

Objectives

Post-hoc analyses were conducted to assess the similarity of short- and long-term efficacy between post-pubertal adolescents and adults with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole.

Methods

Based on available European epidemiologic data, a cut-off age of 15 years was used to isolate a subgroup of mostly post-pubertal adolescents with schizophrenia in aripiprazole clinical studies. Outcome measures from this subgroup (ages 15-17; n=147) were then compared to outcomes from one adult study (n=853) on short and long-term measures of efficacy, including PANSS scores, response rates, and remission rates.

Results

Comparable short and long-term treatment effects were observed on the PANSS total and subscale scores, demonstrated by overlapping 95% confidence intervals (mean change from baseline in PANSS total score (OC dataset): at week 6 in adults: -27,7; in adolescents 15-17 yr: -29,6; at week 30 in adults: -39,2; in adolescents 15-17 yr: -36). Percent of adolescents achieving response (defined as ≥ 30% decrease in PANSS total score from baseline) at 32 weeks (80,2%) on open label treatment was similar to that in adult studies at week 34 (80%) on double blind treatment (OC dataset).

Conclusions

Adolescents with schizophrenia (ages 15-17, mostly post-pubertal) demonstrate a positive treatment response in short-term and long-term studies which is similar to that observed in the adult patient population.
PW01-64 - Treatment Motivation In Adolescent Patients With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Pauli D. , Winkler Metzke C. , Steinhausen H.-C.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Aim of the study was assessing motivation to change in a clinical sample of adolescents with anorexia nervosa and its relation to specific cognitions and behaviours.

Methods

N= 77 patients with anorexia nervosa (75 female, 2 males, mean age = 15.8, SD = 1.3) were evaluated with Anorexia Nervosa Stage of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) measuring motivation to recover and further questionnaires evaluating treatment and course of the disorder. The latter included Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), the Eating Attitude Test (EAT), the Pros and Cons of Anorexia nervosa questionnaire (PCAN), and the Body Image Questionnaire (FKAN). Data were collected at treatment onset (T1), follow-up was after 12 months (T2).

Results

At T1 motivation to change was significantly related to the EDI subscale measuring drive for thinness (p < .001) and body dissatisfaction (p< .01), to the PCAN pros scales measuring appearance (p< .01) and safe/structure (p< .01), to the EAT scale measuring dieting (p< .001) and the FKAN subscale measuring the feeling of body massivity (p< .001).The stage of motivation to change at treatment onset was very low in the sample (67% in stage 1 = precontemplation or 2 = contemplation). There was no relation between motivation at T1 and BMI at T2 but the increase of motivation between T1 and T2 predicted a better outcome (BMI at T2).

Conclusions

Motivation to change is related to specific cognitions and behaviours in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa. Increase of treatment motivation during the first months of treatment seems to be predictive for outcome.
PW01-67 - Eating Disorders And Problems In Adolescence
Authors: Winkler Metzke C. , Pauli D. , Steinhausen H.-C.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The aim of the study was assessing differences in selected psychosocial and behavioural variables between a referred sample of patients with an eating disorder, a non-referred risk sample with eating problems, and a healthy control group.

Methods

There were N=100 patients (95 females and 5 males, Mean age = 15.8, SD = 1.3) in the referred sample. The two matched non-referred groups of each N=215 participants (95% females, 5% males; Mean age =16.1, SD = 1.5) stem from the Zurich Adolescent Psychology- and Psychopathology-Study (ZAPPS). Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed using the Youth Self Report (YSR) and a depression scale. In addition, the participants responded to questionnaires covering life events, self-related cognitions, coping capacities, perceived parental behaviour, and family climate.

Results

Compared to both non-referred groups, the referred sample had significantly higher scores on the social withdrawn, anxious/depressed and thought problems scale of the YSR, on the depression and the life events scales, and significantly lower scores on the self esteem scale. Compared to the referred sample, the non-referred risk sample had significantly higher scores on the YSR-scale measuring externalizing problems and the perceived parental rejection scale, but lower scores on the family climate scales measuring cohesion and adaptability.

Conclusions

The three groups were differentiated by various psychosocial and behavioural variables. Externalizing problems and indicators of a poor family climate were more common in a non-referred high-risk group with eating problems than in a referred sample with clinical eating disorders.
PW01-68 - Psychiatric And Familial Factors In Pediatric Diabetic Patients And Their Relation To Quality Of Life And Metabolic Control
Authors: Butwicka A. , Zalepa A. , Fendler W. , Szadkowska A. , Zawodniak-Szalapska M. , Młynarski W. , Gmitrowicz A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To determine the influence of parent and child depressive and anxiety symptoms, family functioning and its influence on child quality of life and diabetes control among children and adolescents.

Methods

149 Children and adolescents (aged 8-18 years) with duration of diabetes longer than 1 year were enrolled to the study. Participants and their parents were evaluated by self-report measures (BDI, STAI, CDI, MASC, FACE-IV).

Results

There were 83 males and 66 females in the group. Mean age at the time of evaluation was 13,4±2,7 years. Median duration of diabetes was 4,0 (Interquartile Range 2,4-5,1) years. Mean HbA1c level was 8,0±1,5%. Child depression (beta= -0.41; p< 0.001), child (beta=-0.28; p< 0.01) and parent anxiety (beta=-0.17; p< 0.05) were all associated with lower quality of life. Family communication, flexibility, cohesion and satisfactions scores, despite being significant in univariate correlations were excluded during stepwise regression model building. HbA1c correlated with CDI rating (beta=-0.17; p< 0.05).

Conclusions

Presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among children and their parents significantly worsens the quality of life among individuals with diabetes. Family-based communication trainings could contribute to improved metabolic control.
PW01-70 - Socio-Demographic And Clinical Analysis Of Psychiatric Interconsultations In A Pediatric Ward Of A Brazilian University Hospital
Authors: Jacintho A.C.d.Á. , Santos A. , Salán T.M. , Celeri E.H.R.V. , Dalgalarrondo P. , Botega N.J. ,   Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Study Group
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To analyze the clinical and demographic profile of psychiatric interconsultations in a pediatric ward of a Brazilian university hospital in 2008.

Methods

Review and statistical analysis, using SPSS, of the medical records of the 31 children/adolescents admitted to the Hospital from the University of Campinas-Brazil who required psychiatric assessment.

Results

1,072 children/adolescents were hospitalized, with a total of 1,933 admissions. Psychiatric consultation was requested for 31(16 girls and 15 boys), 4(12.9%) were hospitalized more than once in 2008. Ages: 2 months-18 years old (mean: 9.9 ± 4.5). 19(61.3%) were white, 5(16.1%) mixed and 3(9.7%) black. Mothers were responsible for the children/adolescents in 23(74.5%) cases. 2(6.5%) children attended kindergarten and 19(61.3%), primary school. The permanence time varied between 1-199 days (mean: 24 ± 38.1). 8(25.8%) patients had psychiatric diagnoses at admission and were taking psychotropic drugs. 26(83.9%) had a positive clinical pediatric history. In 25(80.6%) patients the psychiatry diagnosed at least one mental disorder (more than one in 15-48.4% patients). Depressive mood disorders were the most prevalent. Psychiatric pharmacotherapy was used for 20(64.5%) patients and 17(54.8%) continued taking medication after discharge. Only 1 patient did not need referral after discharge. 1 patient died 7 months after the assessment.

Conclusions

The experience of being ill can have great emotional significance for children/adolescents and their families. The presence of a psychiatrist on staff can help the pediatrician in dealing with these situations, influencing therapy and prognosis.
PW01-71 - A Common Comorbidity: How To Deal With Depression In Chronic Heart Failure?
Authors: Norra C.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Depressive syndromes in chronic heart failure (CHF) are highly prevalent with 20-40% and are associated with various aspects of increased cardiac mortality and impact on health system. Likewise, CHF may increase the risk of developing depression or vice-versa via bidirectional interactions of possible shared pathophysiology.

Methods

While at current only a minority of comorbid patients with CHF receives adequate diagnosis and treatment, identification, treatment, and prevention by optimizing cardiological and psychiatric strategies appears essential. - An introductory overview on the occurrence, atypical presentation of symptoms, and risk factors of depression and CHF will be given (Norra et al. 2008) with main regard on the recent work.

Results

Concerning depression profiles, conventional cut-off-scores of rating instruments were analysed and have to be newly discussed in cardiologic patients (Forkmann et al. 2009). Further, depressed inpatients versus cardiologic inpatients with depression (Norra et al. in prep) showed differences on the cognitive-emotional aspects of depression (e.g. self-accusation, crying, social withdrawal) as opposed to great similarities (e.g. anergy, sleep disturbances). Here, sleep-related breathing disorders may also contribute to the depressive phenotype in CHF (Skobel, Norra et al. 2005). Interestingly, poor subjective sleep quality significantly predicts increased depressive symptoms in cardiac disease (Norra et al. in prep).

Conclusions

Only early screening, diagnosis and treatment of subclinical/modified depression in CHF may prevent further deteriorating effects of this comorbid disease on the heart and brain. A multicenter trial ‘MyHeart’ (EU 6th framework, IST 507816) is ongoing with a special focus on potential cardiac markers and depressive symptoms.
PW01-72 - The Ethnic Distribution Of Personality Disorder In An Inpatient Sample
Authors: Raffi A. , Malik A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

No figures exist for the prevalence of personality disorder in ethnic minorities, compared to the general UK population, where prevalence figures range between 13% for general practitioner patients to 40-50% of psychiatric in-patients. Differences in diagnosis indicate that Black patients more likely to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia and less likely to be diagnosed with personality disorder. There is underuse of psychotherapy services by ethnic groups and less likelihood of receiving psychological therapies.

Objectives

A cross-sectional survey of inpatient data collected over 2 years(2007-2009), examined the prevalence of personality disorder, with regards to ethnic distribution, among 6531 psychiatric inpatients. The survey was conducted in Mersey Care NHS Trust, a mental health care provider in the North West of England. Ethnicity was divided into 2 broad categories, White British and Black and Minority Ethnic group (BME).

Results

273(4.2%) patients were diagnosed with personality disorder. 91(33.3%) males and 177(64.8%) females had personality disorder diagnosis. 23(8.4%) BME patients compared to 250(91.6%) White British patients were diagnosed with personality disorder. The most common diagnosis was Emotionally Unstable personality disorder (184 cases). Personality disorder is under-diagnosed in this inpatient population compared to the evidence base. Results support the research evidence base, that personality disorder in BME is under-diagnosed.

Conclusion

Personality disorder is a stigmatizing label and is fraught with diagnostic uncertainty. Pre-existing attitudes in these communities regard mental illness as a non-entity, a stigma or taboo. It is not only the patient population that needs educating but also the professionals responsible for detection and management of personality disorder.
PW01-73 - The Impact Of Ethnicity And Language Needs On Duration Of Admission To A Psychiatric Inpatient Unit
Authors: Raffi A. , Mahmood J. , Tavernor S.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Language is the main investigative and communicative tool in psychiatry and adequate understanding of language is essential for thorough assessment by the clinician, and for patient satisfaction. Interference with communication impairs our ability to assess a patient comprehensively. In a Department of Health survey of British Asians in hospital, more than half had experienced difficulties in communication and reported dissatisfaction with existing interpretation services.

Aims/objectives

Audit whether language needs and Ethnicity are addressed in an adult inpatient sample and evaluate consequent impact on hospital admission duration.

Method

Casenotes of patients, who were identified as having language needs, were audited against National Institute for Mental Health in England(NIMHE) standards for the provision of an interpreter at every medical review(standard=100%). Electronic patient data was analysed for recording of ethnicity, language, admission duration and demographic data.

Results

Sample size 3028. 3028(100%) had ethnicity recorded and 1434(47%) had spoken language recorded. Of 23 case notes audited, an interpreter was present on 28.3% of occasions. White British patients had average admission durations of 39.8 days compared to 53.7 days in Black/minority ethnic groups(BME). English speaking patients spent 43.4 days in hospital compared to 74.9 days for non-English speaking patients. BME/Non-English speaking patients spent 78.8 days in hospital compared to 42.1 days for English speaking/White British patients.

Conclusions

The study highlights an immediate need for addressing language/interpretation services within the trust. The implications of longer hospital admission duration on service user experience/dissatisfaction with services and financial implications for the Trust are evident. Further training for staff in cultural awareness and documentation of needs has been recommended.
PW01-74 - Cerebral Blood Hypoperfusion In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Mild Dementia In Alzheimer'S Disease Measured With Pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling Mri
Authors: Alexopoulos P. , Förschler A. , Wohlschläger A. , Sorg C. , Grimmer T. , Förstl H. , Kurz A. , Zimmer C. , Preibisch C.
Published: June 2010

Pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) perfusion imaging is an MRI technique,relying on the detection of magnetically labelled water. The aim of the present study was to determine regional CBF abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), the transitional clinical stage between normal cognition and dementia, as compared with cognitively normal elderly controls using PASL.

MRI was performed on a 3 T MR scanner. A multislice STAR sequence with WET presaturation and thin slice periodic saturation pulses was used for PASL: readout single-shot EPI; TR/TE/a = 2500ms/17ms/90°; TI1/TI1S/TI2 = 700ms/ 1200ms/1500ms; 11 slices ; 80 pairs of labeled-control; scan time 7min 18sec. For coregistration a single shot EPI and a T1-weighted TFE sequence were acquired. Resting CBF maps were obtained from 15 elderly cognitively normal controls, 13 MCI patients and 7 patients with AD. Analysis of variance was performed across groups using SPM5. Results were thresholded at p< 0.05, corrected for FWE.

Lower perfusion was found in the left and right inferior parietal cortex and angular gyrus, in the left middle temporal and posterior cingulate cortex in patients. A small reduction of perfusion was detected in the left caudate in patients as compared with cognitively normal controls.

These results confirm previous findings of hypoperfusion in parietal and temporal areas of patients with MCI and AD as compared to age matched controls. In addition, lower perfusion was detected in the left caudate. PASL may be a valuable tool for investigating the transition from normal ageing to dementia.
PW01-75 - Predictors For Cognitive Decline In Major Depression Associated With Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Chenderes R.M. , Podea D.M. , Nanu P.D. , Mila C.
Published: June 2010

Background

Major depression is often associated with cardiovascular diseases, due to the common ethiopathogenic mechanism: increased sympathetic activity. Mild cognitive impairment is associated with major depression and cardiovascular diseases are a predisposing factor leading to cognitive decline.

The objective

of this study is to determine the association of biological markers of sympathetic hyperactivity with cognitive decline in the context of a major depression associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Material and methods

60patients with major depression and cardiovascular pathology were included (16 over 65years and 44 under65). The intensity of depression was evaluated with MADRS and the intensity of cognitive decline was evaluated with MMSE. Paraclinical tests (cortisolemia, fibrinogen,CRP) were also performed.

Results and discussions

Increased systolic blood pressure is significantly associated with high MADRSscores and low MMSEscores in the elderly(p=0.004, p=0,035, CI=95%) and in adults(p< 0.05,p=0.034,CI=95%). Increased diastolic blood pressure is significantly associated only with MADRSscores in adults(p=0.019,CI=95%) and it is not correlated with MMSE, neither in adults nor in the elderly.

Increased cortisolemia is significantly associated with the intensity of cognitive decline (p=0.027,CI=95%) and with the intensity of depression (p< 0.05,CI=95%) in adults but the correlation in the elderly is not significant (p>0.05,CI=95%, in both cases). Fibrinogen is not carelated with cognitive decline and with depression but CRP is associated more strongly with the adults (p=0.003,CI=95%) than with the elderly (p=0.041,CI=95%).

Conclusions

Increased systolic blood pressure and CRP are associated with cognitive decline in adults and in the elderly. Hypercortisolemia is significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment only in adults.
PW01-76 - Serotonin System Gene Polymorphisms In Alzheimer'S Disease
Authors: Fehér Á. , Juhász A. , Rimanóczy Á. , Kálmán J. , Janka Z.
Published: June 2010

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex aetiology and strong genetic determinants. Depression occurs in a large proportion of AD patients, and history of depression represents risk for developing AD. Possible links between AD and depression may be the involvement of serotoninergic disturbances. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of the 22bp tandem repeat polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) and the T102C polymorphism of the serotonin receptor2A gene (HTR2A) in AD.

The study included 247 AD and 206 healthy control (HC) probands. The diagnosis of probable AD was based on NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The genetic analyses were performed by PCR amplifications. The two 5HTTLPR alleles were denoted as short (S) and long (L) alleles.

The HTR2A genotype distribution did not differ significantly between the AD and HC groups (p=0.108). The analysis was also performed by investigating T- (C/C) and T+ (C/T and T/T) genotypic categories, and a statistically significant difference was found (T-: AD:38.0%, HC:28.6%; T+: AD:62.0%, HC:71.4%; p=0.037). The frequency of the 5HTTLPR genotypes was similar in AD as compared to HC group (p=0.883). Logistic regression analysis revealed an interaction between the 5HTTLPR and HTR2A polymorphisms (p=0.032); the L/L and C/C genotype carriers had an increased risk for AD (OR=2.50; 95%CI:1.19-5.25; p=0.016).

There was no significant correlation between AD and the 5HTTLPR polymorphism in itself. Our findings indicate however, that the HTR2A T102C polymorphism is associated with AD either alone or in interaction with 5HTTLPR.

This work was supported by OTKA K 60589/2006.
PW01-78 - Pharmacoeconomic Aspects Of Dementia Therapy
Authors: Gavrilova S. , Kalyn Y. , Gerasimov N. , Gantman M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

We hypothesized that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) not treated with anti-dementia therapy are institutionalized at the earlier AD stages compared to the ones who took nosotropic therapy timely.

Methods

100 outpatients with AD were treated with AChE-inhibitors in the Moscow Alzheimer's center. The controls were AD patients, hospitalized in gerontopsychiatric units of the Moscow Psychiatric Hospital №15 and not treated with anti-dementia drugs before.

Results

The mean duration of dementia syndrome in the main group was 73.2±27.6 months compared to 21.6±13.2 months in the control group. The mean duration of the hospitalization in the control group proved to be 6.3±5.6 months (i.e. 29% of dementia syndrome duration). We suggest, that without the antidementia therapy patients of the main group could be hospitalized also for 29% of the duration of dementia syndrome (≥ 21.2 months). The cost of one bed day in Moscow hospitals in 2009 year is 31.2 EUR, thus total expenses for a hospital treatment of one patient with AD for 21.2 months would be 19902.6 EUR (given). The expenses for a treatment of one patient in out-patient clinic for 21.2 months excluding medical staff salary range from 1605.3 EUR (memantine) to 2422 EUR (AChE-inhibitors). Therefore, treatment of AD patients in outpatient clinic instead of hospitalization allows to save 17480.6-18297.3 EUR for public health service budget for each patient.

Conclusion

Long-term anti-Alzheimer therapy allows to postpone institutionalization. Economic expenses resulted from AD-patients institutionalization more than 8 times exceed the cost of the appropriate therapy in outpatient clinic.
PW01-79 - Effect Of Memantine Treatment In Cognitive And Behavioral Symptoms Of Alzheimer Disease Patients
Authors: Tzebeliikos E. , Makri E. , Traiforos V. , Tsigas G. , Giailoglou D. , Parashos I.
Published: June 2010

Purpose

This study investigated the efficacy of memantine alone or in combination for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a naturalistic setting, specifically for the cognitive and behavioural symptom domains.

Methods

Open-label, 6-month observational study, conducted at 110 sites in Greece. Efficacy was based on the MMSE and NPI scales at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Statistical analysis was made on a modified intent-to-treat dataset (ITT: at least one valid post-baseline measurement) using last observation carried forward (LOCF), and observed cases (OC, defined as patients assessed at all 3 visits).

Results

1,469 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 75.7±6.5 years and the majority were women (52.7%). At baseline the average scores were 17.6 (±5.3) for the MMSE and 30.6 (±25.9) for the NPI. 285 patients (19.4%), received combination treatment (a second AD medication) during the observation period.

Both cognitive and behavioral symptoms were improved at the end of the study, as measured by the MMSE and NPI scales (repeated measures analysis of variance Hotelling's test, p-value< 0.001, both ITT, LOCF and OC analyses). After 3 and 6 months, cognitive function improved for 50.3% and 55.8% of the patients (ITT, LOCF), while behavioral symptoms improved for 56.8% and 62%, respectively.

Memantine was well tolerated, with 3.5% (52) of patients withdrawing from the study for any reason and 7.6% reporting adverse events.

Conclusion

Memantine treatment resulted in significant improvement of cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with AD and was well tolerated based on patient withdrawals.
PW01-82 - Validation Of The Spanish Version Of The Demqol System
Authors: Lucas-Carrasco R. , Gómez-Benito J. , Rejas J.
Published: June 2010

Background

Dementia disorders are associated with poor quality of life of patients. Generic tools have been shown to hardly capture main aspects of these conditions. The aim was to validate the Spanish version of the two dementia-specific health-related quality of life scales that make up the DEMQOL system: DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy.

Methods

One-hundred-nineteen subjects with dementia according to DSM-III-R/DSM-IV, and their caregivers from six centers participated in the study. The following patient-reported information was obtained by interview: demographics, subjective perception of health, comorbidity, depressive symptoms (GDS-15), functional ability (Barthel Index), and generic (WHOQOL-BREF) and dementia-specific (DEMQOL) health-related quality of life. Proxy-reported information about the patient's quality of life was obtained by interview of a family caregiver using the DEMQOL-Proxy.

Results

The Spanish version of DEMQOL showed good psychometric properties. Acceptability was good, with 5% missing information. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=0.85) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.71) were also good. A priori associations between DEMQOL and the psychological and physical domains of the WHOQOL-BREF, the GDS-15 and the Barthel Index were supported, indicating good construct validity. Associations between DEMQOL-Proxy and the measures mentioned were weaker. The factor solution for the Spanish version of DEMQOL showed a three factor solution that accounted for 44.4% of the total variance; and a four-factor solution for DEMQOL- Proxy that accounted for 53.3% of the total variance.

Conclusion

As per the results found, the Spanish version of DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy are reliable and valid in patients with mild/moderate dementia who are living at home.
PW01-86 - Are Men From Mars And Women From Venus In Subjects With Cognitive Impairment?
Authors: Pujol-Riera C. , Roca A. , Rodriguez R. , Rodriguez D. , Rey A. , Benlloch L.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in subjects with cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and dementia). It is also widely known that there are many cognitive differences between men and women. The aim of this study is to describe the neuropsychiatric profile of elderly subjects visited in a dementia unit and to estimate the gender differences in this sample.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study in a sample of outpatients visited for the first time in a specialized dementia unit during 2008. The clinical and socio-demographic characteristics were compiled through a structured interview and neuropsychiatric tests. Yesavage scale was used for depression assessment and psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using NPI-Q test.

Results

144 subjects were analyzed, 72.2% were women (n=104) and 27.8% were men (n=40). Mean age at diagnosis was 79.15 +/− 6.58 years. Mean score in Yesavage was higher in women (4.34) than in men (3.9) although not statistically significant. Male subjects showed greater anxiety and aggressiveness than women (p< 0.05) analyzed with NPI-Q. Prior to the first assessment interview 73.6% of the subjects had used psychiatric drugs: women were found to take more SSRI (12,5% vs 5%) while men were using more benzodiazepines (22,5% vs 14,4%) although not statistically significant.

Conclusions

We have found that anxiety and aggressiveness defines male neuropsychiatric profile in our sample. More results pointed towards other different features defining genders although not statistically significant. Further studies, with larger samples and more exhaustive assessment, are needed to determine sex differences in subjects with cognitive impairment.
PW01-87 - Deficits Of Spatial And Task-Related Attentional Selection In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer'S Disease
Authors: Redel P. , Bublak P. , Sorg C. , Kurz A. , Förstl H. , Müller H.J. , Schneider W.X. , Finke K.
Published: June 2010

Accumulating evidence suggests that deficits of visual selective attention may already occur at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) like the prodromal phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Our study investigated visual selective attention in amnestic MCI and probable AD patients compared to healthy elderly controls. Groups were matched for age, gender and education. In combination with Bundesen's ‘theory of visual attention’, two mathematically independent and quantitative parameter estimates were derived from a partial report of briefly presented letter arrays: top-down control of attentional selection, representing task-related attentional weighting for prioritizing relevant visual objects, and spatial distribution of attentional weights across the left and right hemifield.

Compared to controls, MCI patients showed significantly reduced top-down controlled selection which further deteriorated in AD subjects. Moreover, attentional weighting was significantly unbalanced across hemifields in MCI and tended to be more lateralized in AD. The majority of patients was biased to the left. Across MCI and AD patients, carriers of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (ApoE4) revealed a leftward spatial bias. The leftward bias was the more pronounced the younger the ApoE4-positive patients and the earlier disease onset. ApoE4-negative subjects showed balanced attentional weighting.

These results indicate that impaired top-down control may be linked to early dysfunction of fronto-parietal cortico-cortical networks. Accompanying, an early interhemispheric asymmetry in temporo-parietal cortical interactions might cause a pathological spatial bias. As the inheritance of ApoE4 is associated with asymmetric parietal metabolism, a pathological spatial bias may function as early cognitive marker for detecting probable AD subjects.
PW01-93 - The Effects On The Level Of Intestinal Endotoxemia In Alzheimer Disease Rats
Authors: Wang F. , Han D.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The objective of the present study was to explore the level of intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) in the model of Alzheimer disease's rats which were established by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3).

Methods

Adult Wistar rats were subjected to 90 days of intraperitoneal injection with D-galactose and AlCl3 to establish the Alzheimer disease's model. After the administration, the study and memory ability of the Alzheimer disease's rats were observed by Morris water maze; The level of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the sera of Alzheimer disease's rats was determined by tachypleus amebocyte lysate method; The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the sera of Alzheimer disease's rats were determined by radioimmunity method;

Results

Compared with the normal control, the level of LPS, TNF-α and IL-1 in the sera of Alzheimer disease's rats were markedly increased (P< 0.01).

Conclusions

The model of Alzheimer disease's rats which were established by D-galactose and AlCl3 is accompanied IETM.
PW01-102 - Ethnic Differences On The Knowledge, Attitude And Beliefs Towards Mental Illness In A Traditional Fast Developing Country
Authors: Ghuloum S. , Bener A.
Published: June 2010

Aim

The aim of study is to determine ethnics differences related to the knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards Mental Health Illness in a traditional fast developing country.

Design

A cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers.Subjects: A representative sample of 3000 Qatari and other Arab expatriates above 20 years of age and 2514 subjects (83.8%) expressed their consent to study.

Methods

A specific questionnaire was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards mental health illness.

Results

Among the 2514 studied subjects, 50.3% were Qataris’(males 39.8% and females 60.2%) and 49.7% were Arab expatriates (58.6% males and 41.4% females). 50.6% Qatari and 44.5% Arabs believe that mental illness could be the result of punishment from God or, thought as it was due to the possession of evil spirits (40.5% Qatari's and 37.6% Arabs). More than half of Qatari's and Arabs think that psychiatric medication will cause addiction and consider mental illness as dangerous. 75.3% of Qatari's and 83.4% of Arabs respondents had no problem to visit a Psychiatrist for their emotional problem, and 42.3% of Qatari's and 36.4% of Arabs agreed to visit a healer for their problem. Less than half of the population are disturbed to work with someone who has mental illness and are afraid if anybody with mental illness are staying in next door. The common mental illness among Qatari's and Arab Populations described are: schizophrenia, depression, autism, anxiety, epileptic, obsession, and other reported mental illnesses.

Conclusion

People's knowledge and attitude about understanding the mentally sick were of negative impact.
PW01-105 - Epidemiology Of Mental Disorders In Factory Workers In Chahar-Mahal Bakhtiary Province Of Islamic Republic Of Iran
Authors: Palahang H. , Zarean J. , Solati K.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence rate of mental disorders in factory workers in Chahar-Mahal Bakhtiary province of Islamic Republic of Iran.

Methods

Following a pilot study and determination of cut-off point for the SRQ-24 Questionnaire, the study was carried out in two stages. In the first stage 503 subjects were administered the questionnaire and in the second stage, 148 subjects who had scores equal to or higher than the cut-off point were assessed by a clinical interview checklist based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.

Results

Results showed that the prevalence of mental disorders was 19.9% (females 23.4% and males 19.1%).The most prevalent disorders were anxiety disorders (7.7%) and mood disorders (7%) followed by somatoform disorders (2.4%) and adjustment disorders (1.4). The finding also indicated that the prevalence of mental disorders among technical workers, semi-skilled workers and unskilled workers were 22.6%, 20.4%, and 18.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the responsibility of the health policy makers for prevention, treatment and medical education for mental health in factories.
PW01-107 - Prevalence Of Maternal Depression In A Paediatric Clinic: A Study From A Low Income Country
Authors: Parveen A. , Ali I. , Husain M. , Farhan S. , Bhatia M.R. , Rehman R. , Ansari S. , Jaffery F. , Rahman A. , Chaudhry I.B. , Husain N.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Depression is a global public health problem with highest rates in women in low income countries including Pakistan. Paediatricians may be a resource to help with maternal depression. Little is known in low income countries about the prevalence of depression and its social correlates in mothers of children attending paediatric clinics.

Methods

Using cross-sectional design consecutive women attending the paediatric clinic were screened using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (n=185). Women scoring 12 or more (n=70) and a random sample of low scorers (n=16) were interviewed using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R) to confirm the diagnosis of depression, the Oslo scale was used to measure social stress and EQ-5D for health related quality of life.

Results

The prevalence of maternal depression was 51%. The mean age of the sample was 26 years. Depressed mothers were more likely to be living in a joint family household, they were less educated and they and their husbands were less likely to be employed. The depressed mothers had more financial difficulties and they were more likely to sleep hungry during the last month due to financial problems. The depressed mothers had less social support and poorer quality of life compared to non depressed mothers.

Conclusion

Maternal depression in this health care setting is high and it is associated with social stress and poor social support. Paediatric appointments may be an opportunity for care and care delivery for maternal depression.
PW01-108 - Adhd Symptoms Prevalence In Ambulatory Young Patients Diagnosed Of Other Psychiatric Disorders: Ghost Study Results
Authors: Ramos-Quiroga J.A. , Casas-Brugue M. , Caballero-Correa M. , Martinez-Jimenez P. ,   on behalf of the Ghost Study Group
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children (5.29%) worldwide, and highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders.

Objectives

To evaluate ADHD symptoms prevalence/frequency in young ambulatory patients diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders.

Methods

Non-interventional, multicentre, and cross-sectional, retrospective study. Patients aged 15-24 having a primary diagnosis of: Substance Use (SUD), Borderline personality (BPD), Anxiety (AD), Affective, Antisocial Personality (APD), or Conduct Disorders(CD) or Bulimia, giving inform consent were included (not previously treated/diagnosed with ADHD). ADHD symptoms prevalence was captured following DSM-IV criteria and moderate ADHD symptoms was considered as scoring >24 in the ADHD RS (DuPaul).

Results

795 patients meeting in- and exclusion criteria were analyzed in the study. Mean age was 21.12 (SD: 2.64), and the majority were men (57.5%).A probable ADHD diagnosis (6 or more DSMIV symptoms and ADHD RS moderate symptoms) was apparent in: 40.3% of SUD patients, 23.7% of AD, 21.7% of Affective Disorders, 30.3% of Bulimia, 48.3% of BPD, 41.7% of CD and 57.1% of APD. Moreover, patients with SUD (ODD: 1.54) and BPD (ODD: 2.2) had significantly more risk vs. rest of population studied of having moderate ADHD symptoms. Also, patients having a probable ADHD diagnosis were significantly rated more severe in the GCI-Severity scale than the rest of population studied.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional study showed that ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent in young ambulatory patients diagnosed primarily with other psychiatric disorders, what seems to worse patient outcome if not diagnosed/managed on time. ADHD comorbidity risk varied significantly depending on the primary diagnosis.
PW01-120 - Mental Health, Treatment Response And Utilization Among Iraqi Refugees As Compared To Non-War Exposed Arab Immigrants
Authors: Arnetz B. , Ventimiglia M. , Makki H. , Mahmoud R. , Jamil H.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Although refugees are at an increased risk to suffer from mental disorders, as compared to other immigrants, little is known about possible differences in treatment response and service utilization.

Methods

The current study includes data from two separate samples of Iraqi refugees and Arab immigrants. Prevalence of physician-diagnosed mental disorders along with treatment response and utilization data was collected from medical records or by surveys. Data was collected from 307 refugees and 326 immigrant controls.

Results

The prevalence of depression was significantly greater in refugees as compared to immigrants (54% vs. 26%; p< .001). There were no differences between groups in diagnosed anxiety disorders. In addition, self reported complaints of depression (33% vs. 3.1%; p< .001), anxiety (20% vs. 4%; p< .001), and sleep difficulties (15% vs. 2%; p< .001) were more prevalent among refugees than immigrants. In general, treatment response was poor for both groups; however, for longer term patients, treatment response was significantly better (44% recovery vs. 15% recovery; p< .001) for immigrants than refugees. Typical common psychosomatic symptoms were more prevalent and associated with increased health care utilization in refugees as compared to immigrants.

Conclusions

Results suggest that treatment offered to refugees is far from effective. There is a need to review health systems factors in order to promote cost-effective and timely mental health services for refugees, not least with the current influx of Iraqi refugees commonly suffering from mental and adjustment disorders.
PW01-121 - A Comparison Of Involuntary Admissions To An Independent Psychiatric Hospital Before And After The Irish 2001 Mental Health Act
Authors: Clancy M. , Clarke M. , Lane A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The Irish Mental Health Act (MHA) 2001 brings Irish health legislation into line with the European Convention for the protection of Human Rights.It replaced the older 1945 Act.The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the MHA 2001 on involuntary admissions to a private psychiatric hospital before and after its implementation.

Methods

All involuntary patients admitted to the hospital over a 3 year period for 2 years before and 1 year after the act was introduced were included.A retrospective case note review was undertaken.Data collected included number of days as an involuntary patient and discharge diagnosis.Data was analysed using SPSSv14.

Results

A total of 204 patients files were examined. 94 and 70 patients were admitted in the 2 years before the introduction of the MHA, this fell to 40 admissions in the year after the MHA.The mean number of days that patients were involuntarily admitted for 2 years before the Act was 68.6, this fell to 24.9 days in the year after the act, p value < .001.The percentage of involuntary patients with a diagnosis of dementia fell and the percentage of admissions with schizophrenia and BPAD increased.

Conclusion

There was a considerable reduction in the number of involuntary admissions and average length of stay after the introduction of the 2001 MHA.More bed numbers may be needed for acute adult admissions and less for long stay admissions.Patients human rights have been improved by the new act which is a positive consequence.
PW01-127 - Relationship Between Affect And Short-Term Life Satisfaction: Considering Activation And Balance Of Affect
Authors: Sasaki M. , Yamasaki K. , Uchida K. , Katsuma L.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between affect and short-term life satisfaction (LS) taking into account the dimension of activation for positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and the balance of PA and NA.

Methods

The study included 398 students (184 men and 214 women) who completed six questionnaires three of which were used for another study. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was utilized for assessing activated PA and NA. Two subscales of the Multiple Mood Scale were used to measure deactivated PA and NA, and the Short-term Life Satisfaction Scale for LS. Correlation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to mainly examine the relationships between affect balance (PA-NA and PA/NA) and LS.

Results

The results of correlation analyses showed that LS was positively associated with affect balance in both activated and deactivated dimension. Additionally, the hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed a significant interaction between activated PA and NA, which indicated that the relationship between activated PA and LS in women was strengthened when the level of activated NA was relatively lower.

Conclusion

The findings in this study suggested that students who have stronger PA compared to NA might feel high LS in both activated and deactivated dimension. Moreover, it was suggested that the profitable effect of activated PA on LS in women would be larger when their activated NA was relatively weakened.
PW01-128 - Abstinence From Alcohol In Relation To Mental Disorder And Personality Disorder: Results From A National Household Survey
Authors: Skogen J. , Mykletun A. , Ferri C. , Bebbington P. , Brugha T. , Coid J. , Meltzer H. , Stewart R.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The ‘sick-quitter’ hypothesis states that mental disorders associated with alcohol abstinence are accounted for by people who stop consuming alcohol because of poor health.

Aims

We investigated the association between alcohol abstinence and symptoms of common mental disorder and personality disorder, distinguishing between lifelong abstinence and abstinence following previous consumption.

Methods

Analyses were based on the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity 2000, which sampled 8580 residents aged 16 to 74 years. Heavy consumers of alcohol were excluded, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Questionnaire. Symptoms of common mental disorder (depression/anxiety) were identified by the Clinical Interview Schedule. The screening questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Personality Disorders was used to identify potential personality disorder. Self-reported alcohol abstinence was divided into lifelong abstinence and previous consumption. Previous consumers were asked why they had stopped. Covariates included socioeconomic status, social activity and general health status.

Results

After adjustment, alcohol abstinence was associated with both common mental disorder symptoms and any personality disorder, but only for previous consumers (respective odds ratios 1.70 (1.23-2.34) and 1.45 (1.09-1.94)). Associations were non-specific, being apparent for most individual mental disorder symptoms and personality disorder categories. More detailed analysis indicated that associations were limited to previous consumers who reported ceasing alcohol consumption for health reasons.

Conclusions

The results were consistent with the ‘sick-quitter’ hypothesis and should be taken into account when interpreting associations between moderate alcohol consumption and beneficial health outcomes.
PW01-129 - The Patient€S Perspective On Mental Health Care
Authors: Verhaak P. , van Beljouw I. , Prins M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To study patients’ preferences and evaluation of treatment and its consequences for outcome.

Method

Data come from 723 primary care patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of anxiety disorder and/or affective disorder. Patients were included in a primary care setting. During inclusion, patients’ psychiatric status was assessed with the CIDI, patients preferences for treatment were measured by the Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire and their evaluation of current treatment was assessed by the Quality of Care through the Eyes of the patient scale, designed for this study. Severity of depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS) respectively the Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI). After one year, these instruments were assessed again.

Results

Patients preferences and evaluation of care were related: patients whose preferences were met had a more positive evaluation of the psychiatric competence of the GP, GP's patient-centeredness, GP's attitude towards the patient, the quality of self help advices and the quality of information. However, patients whose preferences for treatment were met, showed no greater improvement after one year, compared with those whose preferences were only partly or not met. On the other hand, patients who evaluated different aspects of GPs care positively showed more improvement after one year than patients who evaluated these aspect neutral or negatively.

Conclusion

The “match” between provider (GP) and patient appears to be more important than the content of interventions and patients’ preferences regarding these interventions.