bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of health-related quality of life with epirubicin, cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil and docetaxel, cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy regimens as first-line systemic therapy in locally advanced inoperable or metastatic gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A prospective study from South India
Authors: Babu K. Govind , Chaudhuri Tamojit , Lakshmaiah K. C. , Dasappa Lokanatha , Jacob Linu Abraham , Suresh Babu M. C. , Rudresha A. H. , Lokesh K. N. , Rajeev L. K.
Published: September 2019

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important oncologic end point for upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Unfortunately, till date, there is no published prospective data from India, comparing the HRQOL parameters between first-line chemotherapy regimens in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The present study aimed to compare the HRQOL of first-line systemic chemotherapy with epirubicin, cisplatin plus 5-FU (ECF) and docetaxel, cisplatin plus 5-FU (DCF) regimens in patients with locally advanced inoperable or metastatic gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma. The secondary end points were overall response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity profile. Results: Between December 2014 and December 2016, 65 patients were treated with ECF (n= 34) or DCF (n= 31) regimen. The baseline HRQOL scores were comparable between the two study groups, with the exception of significantly poor pain and sleep difficulties symptom score in the DCF group. After three cycles of treatment, both the groups showed improvements in most of the quality of life (QOL) parameters including global QOL score, compared with their baseline status. After six cycles of chemotherapy, the ECF group showed nonsignificant deterioration for most of the QOL parameters; but on the contrary, the DCF group maintained improved scores for most of the QOL parameters. The median survival until a definitive deterioration of global QOL score was significantly better in the DCF arm in comparison to the ECF arm (7.1 vs. 5.6 months, respectively, P = 0.000). The median OS was 9.2 months with ECF and 12.5 months with DCF regimen (P = 0.000), while median PFS was 5.7 and 7.4 months with ECF and DCF regimens, respectively (P = 0.002). Conclusions: This prospective study highlighted a better impact of DCF chemotherapy on the HRQOL of patients with advanced/metastatic gastric cancer and showed the importance of QOL assessments in clinical trials to complement the risk–benefit judgment.
Small Intestinal Tumors
Authors: Sharma SM
Published: September 2019

Small intestinal tumors are rare despite small gut being a long structure with extensive mucosal surface. The clinical presentation is vague and the existence of tumor is detected after specific investigations. Small gut can be benign or may be malignant. Malignant tumors present with abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia, obstructive features, abdominal lump, diarrhea, intussusception and even fever depending upon the type of lesion. Malignancy occurs generally in elderly group above 60 years; however, younger patients too may be affected. Benign lesions may remain asymptomatic for long till these cause complications like intussusception or obstruction. Early detection and appropriate intervention can avoid morbidity and mortality.

How to cite this article

Sharma SM. Small Intestinal Tumors. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):9-12.
Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Premi HK , Dahiya Sonika , Khan Shabina , Amrin Sana , Srivastava Sugandh
Published: September 2019

Ovarian pregnancy is the most common type of non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy incidence after natural conception ranges from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 60,000 deliveries and accounts for 3% of all ectopic pregnancies. Here, we report a rare case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A 30 years old, G2P1+0L1 was admitted with amenorrhea of 1½ months and severe pain abdomen. Self urinary pregnancy test (UPT) was positive. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed it sided adnexal mass. Emergency laparotomy was done and a diagnosis of ovarian ectopic pregnancy was made.

How to cite this article

Dahiya S, Khan S, Premi HK, Amrin S, Srivastava S. Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):23-24.
Effect of Nasal Packing on Middle Ear Pressure
Authors: Srivastava Abhinav , Shukla Puneet
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Eustachian tube connects nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity. The normal middle ear has an inherent tendency to lose gas to maintain the middle ear pressure by diffusion into the surrounding tissues and circulation.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 to 2014. A total of 100 ears of 50 consecutive cases undergoing nasal surgery followed by bilateral nasal packing were included in the study and the middle ear pressure and hearing threshold were determined in all the subjects in presurgery, and then after 48 hours of surgery with nasal packingin situand then at 7 and 30 days of nasal pack removal.

Conclusion

There is an increase in middle ear pressure transiently for few days while the nasal pack isin situ, which returns to normal in a month after pack removal; but, in chronic nasal obstruction cases, such as nasal polyps, there is persistent negative middle ear pressure, probably due to irreversible changes in the Eustachian tube function.

How to cite this article

Mohan C, Srivastava A, Shukla P. Effect of Nasal Packing on Middle Ear Pressure. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(2):52-56.
Neurofibromatosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Premi HK , Dahiya Sonika , Mukherjee Shobha
Published: September 2019

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is one of the most frequent genetic diseases in humans. It is less common to find pregnancy in NF patients. It may not reflect the real situation as most current information on pregnancy and NF is derived from case reports. In the past 15 years only two series of pregnant NF patients were reported in English language literature.

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder which increases the risk of obstetric complications as well as aggravation of maternal disease. However, here is a case of NF in which transmission to baby has also occurred, which is very rare.

How to cite this article

Dahiya S, Mukherjee S, Premi HK. Neurofibromatosis in Pregnancy. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016; 1(2):91-92.
Dynamical Connections between Large Marine Ecosystems of Austral South America based on numerical simulations
Authors: Guihou Karen , Piola Alberto R. , Palma Elbio D. , Chidichimo Maria Paz
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Humboldt Large Marine Ecosystem (HLME) and Patagonian Large Marine Ecosystem (PLME) are the two largest marine ecosystems of the Southern Hemisphere, respectively located along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of southern America. This work investigates the exchange between these two LMEs and its variability, employing numerical model results and offline particle tracking algorithms. 27 years of a 1/12° ROMS configuration (CMM) show a general poleward transport on the Southern region of HLME, and equatorward on the Patagonian Shelf (PS). A mean transport across Cape Horn's shelf (68.1° W) is 0.95 Sv. Lagrangian simulations show that the majority of the southern PS waters originate from the upper layer in the southeast South Pacific (> 200 m), mainly from the southern Chile and Cape Horn shelves. The exchange takes place through Le Maire Strait, Magellan Strait, and the shelf-break. These inflows account to a net northeastward transport of 0.88 Sv at 51° S in the southern PLME. The transport across Magellan strait is small (0.1 Sv) but due to its relatively low salinity it impacts greatly the density and surface circulation of the coastal waters of the southern PLME. The water masses flowing into the Malvinas Embayment eventually reach the PLME through the Malvinas Shelf and occupy the outer part of the shelf. The seasonal and interannual variability of the transport are also addressed. On the southern PLME, the interannual variability of the shelf exchange is partly explained by the large-scale wind variability, which in turn is partly associated with the SAM index (r = 0.52).
Social-Emotional Learning and Evaluation in After-School Care: A Working Model
Authors: Minney Dana , Garcia Jaime , Altobelli Joan , Perez-Brena Norma , Blunk Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

Social-emotional competence in children is an important area in which to develop and improve effective programs and evaluation. Research shows a positive association between social-emotional learning (SEL) and improvements in students’ conduct, social behavior, and school engagement as well as decreases in high-risk behaviors such as taking drugs, smoking and aggression. Extensive research points to the positive benefits of successful SEL curriculum in schools, but less research exists on SEL implementation in after-school care settings. Since social-emotional competence is correlated with higher positive effects and a decrease of negative effects in the social, behavioral, and academic outcomes of children exposed to these programs, more research is needed on the most effective format and environment for implementation. The purpose of this article is to review this research, and report the results of an evaluation comparing pre- and post-program survey data from children (n = 125; age range=4-11 years) attending an after-school program that has incorporated an SEL curriculum. Results showed significant increases in two SEL competencies: empathy and self-soothing. The advantages to providing both SEL instruction and evaluation in after-school care settings in addition to schools is also explored.
Cocinando y modelando la música: una intervención innovadora para potenciar el aprendizaje del análisis musical
Authors: Balter Adriana
Published: September 2019

Este artículo da cuenta de una intervención innovadora realizada durante el año 2018 en la asignatura “Análisis de la composición” de una carrera universitaria de Educación Musical. Un curso de estas características suele ser visto tradicionalmente como abstracto y árido, lo cual dificultaría el motivar a los estudiantes a realizar un proceso reflexivo profundo. Por ello, para potenciar el proceso de aprendizaje, se ideó una estrategia que concretizara el análisis musical. La innovación consistió en hacer que el estudiante comprendiera cómo se estructuran los diferentes tipos de obras de la música occidental comparando su organización interna con la estructura de otros lenguajes y construcciones, como las de algunas comidas y diseños gráficos. El alumnado tuvo que cocinar, dibujar o modelar distintas estructuras, haciendo una analogía con las diferentes formas musicales estudiadas. Se exponen las experiencias de los estudiantes, cómo lograron vivenciar el análisis musical, cómo hicieron analogías con otro tipo de lenguajes y sus reflexiones sobre esta innovación. Asimismo, se da a conocer cómo este proceso ayudó a mejorar sus resultados académicos, la asistencia al curso y sus apreciaciones respecto de la asignatura.
El aprendizaje basado en proyectos y su implementación en las clases de música de los centros de Educación Primaria
Authors: Monreal Guerrero Inés María , Berrón Ruiz Elena
Published: September 2019

El aprendizaje basado en proyectos, como metodología activa, ha hecho su incursión en los centros educativos fundamentalmente tras la implantación de la Ley Orgánica 8/2013, de 9 de diciembre, para la mejora de la calidad educativa –LOMCE–. La aplicación metodológica del ABP requiere necesariamente de formación permanente específica y ajustada a cada colectivo docente. La investigación que presentamos se centra en el colectivo docente especialistas de Educación Musical que imparte docencia en la etapa de Primaria de la provincia de Ávila. Hemos pretendido conocer la formación referida específica en ABP y su aplicación en el aula de música. El estudio ha utilizado una metodología preferentemente cualitativa y las conclusiones determinan la carencia formativa en ABP de los docentes vinculada a la poca implementación de dicha metodología, a pesar de ello la consideran innovadora, inclusiva, sostenible y transferible.
Which Craft?: Witches, Gypsies, and the Fenyw Hysbys in Eighteenth-Century Wales
Authors: Tallis Lisa Mari
Published: September 2019

Although marginal figures, Gypsies' significance in Welsh society and culture is often overlooked and despite their magical activities, in particular Gypsy women who were often believed to have the power to bewitch and read fortunes, they have been very much neglected within the historiography of witchcraft. So too have the activities of cunning-women, or the fenyw hysbys (wise-woman) as this figure was commonly termed in Wales, and so in an attempt to redress this imbalance, this article incorporates Welsh Romany-Gypsy women within the history of Welsh witchcraft. An examination of their magical activities and the beliefs surrounding them can also shed light on the activities of various cunning-women in Wales, about whom we know very little. This raises certain issues regarding “gender” and the “gendering of witchcraft” which will also be considered, thus bringing into question the benefits of applying such terms to the Welsh, and indeed other witchcraft models.
The Adoption Drivers of New Technology: The Case of Genetically Modified Crop Adoption by French Farmers
Authors: Fargue-Lelievre Agnes , Hannachi Mourad , Coleno Francois-Christophe
Published: September 2019

This work is the first study of adoption of GM crops by French farmers. The GM crop technology case was a fertile field for the study of technology adoption but existing literature mainly focuses on studies of these issues in USA, Africa and Asia. In France, main production area of maize in Europe, the agricultural sector is very atypical compared to the agricultural sector investigated in the existing literature on the GMO adoption. By a study of the GM crop adoption in the French context and within the main production area, the south-west region of France, this study reveals 4 determinant factors that shape the choice of GM or NGM maize cropping. Some of the factors pointed by this study are in line with the existing literature on technology adoption and output uncertainty and input uncertainty (uncertainty on the expected marginal benefits and costs to sustain the new technology). Other factors identified under the atypical French agriculture sector distinctive features are particularly novel. These new factors are linked to the implementation of the UE regulation on GM/NGM coexistence in the context of small fragmented farms (need of coordination between farmers to prevent GM dispersal) and importance of the market outlets proximity to federate farmers. These novel results pinpoint that in the French context there is a need of both vertical coordination (farmers with the operators downstream the supply chain as the outlet industrial) and horizontal coordination (among farmers in neighbourhood situation) to foster the technology adoption in such industry context.
Application of Decision Support Technology for Conceptual Cost Estimation
Authors: Moynihan Gary P. , Chau Anh D.
Published: September 2019

Conceptual cost estimates are often made at the beginning of the project when project scope is not yet well defined. Hence, predicting the conceptual costs on time, with high accuracy, presents a considerable challenge. One potential solution is to more effectively utilize historical data via integration with predictive analytical models. In this project, a decision support system was developed which predicts conceptual costs of construction projects and supports decision-making for long-term capital planning in public universities. The prototype system was developed based on historical data for roofing projects at the University of Alabama. We collected this historical data via a web-based data entry form subsystem. The developed system uses ridge regression models to train historical data. This system has a user-friendly interface and supports what-if analysis, allowing the user to see multiple scenarios of the estimation. The system also encompasses capabilities to forecast the effects of inflation on multi-year projects. Subsequent validation has demonstrated improvement in the resulting accuracy of the conceptual estimates.
The Effect of Online Assessments on Students’ Attitudes Towards Undergraduate-Level Geography Courses
Authors: Sözen Erol , Güven Ufuk
Published: September 2019

The improvements in technology made technology tools invade almost every field, including education. Online assessment tools have various functions for students and teachers. Students are able to use their mobile devices in the classroom, while teachers are able to use the tools for formative and summative evaluation purposes and for getting to know their students. Teachers also get feedback on their instructional practices by analyzing student responses.

Previous studies found that undergraduate students in Faculty of Education in Turkey do not have a very positive attitude for geography courses, because most of the students take geography courses almost every year until they enter the university. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of in-class online assessment tools on the attitudes of students at undergraduate level towards geography courses. In addition, the changes in students’ attitudes are examined for various variables. The study was designed in a quasi-experimental model with experiment and control groups. The study also implemented pre-tests and post-tests. Geography Attitude Scale developed by Sözen (2019) was used as data collection tool. The study’s sample consists of 70 students whose majors are Primary School Teacher in Faculty of Education. An online assessment tool was implemented for seven weeks in experiment group, while the control group did not receive the said tool. The study found that using online assessment tools significantly improved students’ attitude towards geography course.
Substrates and Sowing Depths in the Production of Pansy Seedlings (Viola tricolor L.)
Authors: Reis B. B. , Rodrigues D. B. , Almeida A. S. , Chagas H. L. , Suné A. S. , Geweher E. , Nunes C. A. , Peres A. A. O. , Konzen L. , Rodrigues G. F. , Assis A. M. , Tunes L. V. M.
Published: September 2019

The success of seedling production for ornamental or any other crops depends on several factors, including the use of highquality seeds and the choice of suitable substrates. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of different organic residues as substrates and sowing depths on the emergence and initial development of pansy seedlings. Two lots of pansy seeds were used. Seed lot quality was evaluated for water content determination, 1000-seeds weight, germination, first count of germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand. Post emergence was evaluated by the emergence speed index, shoot length, shoot dry matter and number of leaves. The experiment was performed under completely randomized design, with four replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance through the F-test and the means, compared to each other by the Tukey test, at 5% probability. The most indicated sowing depths for the development of pansy seedlings were 1.5 and 2 cm while the substrate which presented the best results was the Beifort® S10.
Autumnal Cultivation of Energetic Plants in Agroecological No-tillage System in Southern Brazil
Authors: Mazeto Vagner Antonio , Ventura Maurício Ursi , Silva Helder Rodrigues da , Neto Francisco Skora , Ralisch Ricardo
Published: September 2019

Cropping energetic plants could provide soil protection, additional incomes to farmers and suppress weed development without loss of food production. It also contributes to the development of no-tillage cultivation in agroecological farming system. Energetic plants such as: sunflower, crambe, canola and safflower were evaluated in no-tillage agroecological farming in autumnal planting, after soybean crop. Higher plant heights were observed in sunflower, flowering [46 days after emergency (dae)] and harvest (108 dae) was first observed in crambe plants. Intermediate earliness was observed in the sunflower (61 and 136 dae, respectively). Biomass was found greater in the sunflower compared to safflower or canola. Intermediate values were obtained for crambe plants. Greater grain and oil yields were found in descending order in sunflower, crambe, canola and cartamo. Despite the drought period occurred during crop development, sunflower and crambe yields were similar or even higher to means, than yields of these same crops in conventional fields in Brazil. Sunflower and crambe were the best options to take part in succession/rotation system after soybean spring/summer crop.
Kinetics of Drying and Physical-Chemical Quality of Peach cv. Hubimel
Authors: Santos Newton C. , Barros Sâmela L. , Monteiro Shênia S. , Silva Semirames do N. , Ribeiro Victor H. de A. , Silva Vírgínia M. de A. , Gomes Josivanda P. , Santiago Ângela M. , Luiz Márcia R. , Vieira Danise M. , Araújo Rafaela D. A. , Vilar Silvana B. de O. , Barros Eliélson R.
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to perform the kinetics of peach drying and to adjust the experimental data obtained to empirical and diffusive mathematical models to evaluate the effect of temperature on the physical-chemical quality of the final product. The drying experiments were performed in an air circulation dryer with a velocity of 1.5 m s-1, the drying kinetics were performed at temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 °C. Among the mathematical models applied, the Page model was the one that best fit the experimental data, because it presents greater efficiency in the description of the drying process. The decrease in the drying rate from the initial time to the end of the process was observed, increasing the temperature of the air caused a reduction in the drying time. It was verified through the analytical solution of the diffusion equation with infinite wall geometry that the increase of the drying temperature caused the increase of the diffusivity and convective coefficient of heat transfer. Through the Biot number, it can be stated that the first-type boundary condition would also describe the process satisfactorily. The fresh peach slices present high water content and water activity and the drying effect caused significant differences in all physical-chemical parameters analyzed.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 16, Special Issue
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: September 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 16, Special Issue, 2019. 
Seeds of Carthamus Tinctorius Submitted to Hydration: Morphological Aspects and Emergence
Authors: Borgmann Claudia , Tokura Luciene Kazue , Villa Bruna de , Secco Deonir , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Chang Pablo , Alovisi Alessandra Mayumi Tokura , Rotta Lucas Iarrocheski , Miola Vinicius , Silva Leonardo Doreto da , Zanella João Vitor , Santos Milton Felipe Hurban Ramos dos
Published: September 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the initial development of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius) after different periods of seed hydration. For the study two experiments were evaluated. At first, an experiment was performed with 0, 24, 48, 72, 168 and 360 hours of seed hydration, and in the second moment, another with 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours of hydration. The experimental design for the two experiments was completely randomized, with four replicates and six treatments. After 30 days of conduction of the experiments were analyzed the percentage of emergency, index of emergency speed, average time of emergency and average speed of emergency. The evaluated morphological characteristics were plant height, stem diameter, root length, fresh shoot and root mass and dry shoot mass. Hydration of seeds in considerable proportions positively influences the emergence and development of safflower plants. The highest performance in the emergence of plants, size, accumulation of fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass was obtained by the IAPAR genotype, which stood out in relation to the other. The greatest emergencies were obtained with seeds with 36 hours of hydration, and the lowest emergence was found after 72 hours under hydration.
Phytotoxic Effect of Brachiaria decumbens Extract on the Development of Eucalyptus urograndis Seedlings
Authors: Balena Fernando Luiz da Cruz , Santos Reginaldo Ferreira , Bassegio Doglas , Secco Deonir , Tokura Luciene Kazue , Reis Leonardo da Silva , Villa Bruna de , Bassegio Chaiane
Published: September 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. on the morphometry of Eucalyptus urograndis plants, genetically modified hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. Pots containing the eucalyptus plants were conditioned in protected environments in a completely randomized experimental design. The treatments were composed of aqueous extract of Brachiaria decumbens grass at different concentrations: 0% (control, distilled water only), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (g/L). On day 30 of the experiment, the following morphological parameters of the plants were evaluated: aerial part height, diameter of stem, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and robustness index. The data were submitted to analysis of variance at the 5% level of significance, and a regression equation was constructed for the quantitative treatments. The results indicated that the Brachiaria decumbens grass extract did not have an inhibitory effect on aerial part height and robustness index. However, the extract at concentrations higher than 20% had negative effects on root dry mass, aerial dry mass, and total dry mass. For the diameter of the stem, only concentrations above 60% had an inhibitory effect.
Maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos: uma análise das empresas organizadoras de corridas de rua da cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Vanucci Luis Henrique Torquato , Moraes Ivan Furegato , Perrenoud Lilian , Rocco Júnior Ary José
Published: September 2019

A maturidade no Gerenciamento de Projetos (GP) está diretamente relacionada à capacidade da organização gerenciar os seus projetos. No esporte, a gestão das organizações esportivas e a realização dos eventos tornaram-se complexos, abordando diferentes áreas e exigindo a construção adequada de projetos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar o nível de maturidade em GP nas empresas organizadoras de corridas de rua. A pesquisa se caracteriza como aplicada, descritiva e quantitativa, sendo baseada no modelo de maturidade Prado-MMGP. Foram identificadas 24 empresas que organizam corridas de rua na cidade de São Paulo e o questionário, baseado no modelo Prado-MMGP, foi aplicado online, entre maio e setembro de 2018, sendo obtidas respostas de quatro empresas. Os respondentes foram todos homens com idade média de 45,5 anos, formação em diferentes áreas, mas nenhum em GP, com cargos elevados e nas empresas há mais de 6 anos. As empresas são de porte diferentes com apenas uma possuindo setor responsável pelo GP. O nível de maturidade médio verificado foi de 3,26, equivalente ao nível padronizado do Modelo Prado-MMGP, com as empresas variando entre 4,57 e 2,30 pontos. A média é maior do que o nível médio de maturidade do Brasil e de que empresas que organizam eventos no geral. O estudo, pelo seu ineditismo no esporte, contribui indicando quais pontos devem ser aperfeiçoados no GP das empresas analisadas e fomentando a pesquisa sobre o GP e a sua maturidade nas organizações esportivas brasileiras.
Extraction as a Critical Step in Phytochemical Analysis
Authors: Mosić Mirjana , Dramićanin Aleksandra , Ristivojević Petar , Milojković-Opsenica Dušanka
Published: September 2019

Phytochemical analysis, the chemical investigation of plants, is a rapidly developing chemical discipline with various goals such as the determination of the substance classes and the isolation and qualitative and/or quantitative analyses of bioactive compounds or their structural analysis. The analysis of plants begins with optimizing extraction procedures because they play a key role in extraction outcomes, i.e., the isolation of bioactive compounds from natural products and the selection of the subsequent tests used in the analyses. The extraction is a critical step because it is necessary to extract the desired components of the complex natural matrix without destroying them. A wide range of techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural matrixes are currently available. This review aims to describe and compare the most commonly used methods, traditional/conventional and innovative/green. It will focus on the principles behind each method and on their strengths and limitations in order to help evaluate their suitability and economic feasibility, highlighting the advantages of new innovative techniques over conventional extraction procedures. Finally, the recent application of deep eutectic solvents as a new, eco-friendly method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural matrixes is also discussed.
Evaluation of Orchid-Like Aroma Between Different Grades of Taiping Houkui Tea by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled with Time-of-Fight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qi Chen , Tianyang Guo , Qiong Wu , Jian Yao , Renyi Liao , Peng Wu , Shaotong Jiang , Yiyang Dong
Published: September 2019

Background: Taiping houkui tea won the title of “the King of Green Tea” at the International Tea Exposition in 2004, which had an orchid fragrance but the material basis of the orchid fragrance had not been revealed yet. Objective: To investigate the material basis of the orchid fragrance and identify the quality grade of Taiping houkui tea. Methods: A method was developed for evaluating orchid-like aroma between different grades Taiping houkui tea by solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-fight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). The crushed tea sample in a 25 mL headspace bottle was incubated at 90°C for 10 min. Then the gaseous sample was extracted by SPME divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane fiber for 50 min and thermally desorpted at 250°C for 2 min. Results: In total, 735 volatile compounds were determined by SPME- GC×GC-TOFMS and 15 compounds were related to orchid-like aroma. Conclusions: The high-quality Taiping houkui tea has the orchid fragrance and the low-grade one does not; thus orchid-like aroma can be used as a reference of grades of Taiping houkui tea. Highlights: Thirty different grades of Taiping houkui tea samples were compared and analyzed experimentally, and the results showed that the special aroma substances, which played a key role in grade discrimination of Taiping houkui tea, were found by the statistical method.
Fairness as Successful Competition
Authors: Hämäläinen Mika ,   Philosophical Inquiry
Published: September 2019

In this paper, I introduce a novel view of fairness: I explain fair sport competition through the notion of successful competition. I begin by analysing successful competition. I propose that competitions can be successful, both internally and externally. Internally successful competition is connected to the internal purpose of competition and has two senses: narrow and wide. Competition was internally successful in the narrow sense if three criteria of ‘betterness’ – official result, ideally adjudicated result, and display of athletic skills – were congruous in that competition. Competition was internally successful in the wide sense if the three aforementioned criteria of betterness were congruous and the competition also embodied ‘sweet tension of uncertainty of outcome’. Externally successful competition is connected to the external purposes of competition. Financial gain is an example of an external purpose. I argue that competition was fair if it was internally successful in the narrow sense, that is, if the three criteria of betterness were congruous in the competition.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Cellular Basaloid Neoplasms of the Salivary Gland
Authors: Cantley Richard L.
Published: September 2019

Context.—

Cellular basaloid neoplasms of the salivary gland represent a diverse group of benign and malignant neoplasms with significant cytomorphologic overlap on fine-needle aspiration cytology. All are marked by the presence of monotonous and usually bland basaloid epithelium. Distinction between basaloid neoplasms on fine-needle aspiration cytology is based on the presence or absence of additional features, including a second cell population (eg, myoepithelial cells), an acellular stromal component, and/or cytologic atypia within the basaloid epithelium. This review highlights the cytomorphologic features of the most common cellular basaloid neoplasms of the salivary gland, with an emphasis on classification and subclassification within the Milan System.

Objective.—

To provide a comprehensive review of the cytologic features of basaloid epithelial neoplasms of the salivary gland, with an emphasis on classification within the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology.

Data Sources.—

Peer-reviewed literature, recent textbooks, and personal experiences of the author.

Conclusions.—

Some basaloid neoplasms, in particular pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas, may have characteristic findings on fine-needle aspiration that allow for definitive diagnosis. In other cases, however, fine-needle aspiration can confirm a neoplastic basaloid process, but specific classification of a benign or malignant neoplasm cannot be rendered. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology acknowledges this difficulty, and recommends benign or malignant classification only when definitive diagnostic features of a specific neoplasm are present. For indeterminate cases, the subcategorization of salivary neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential is recommended.
Abordagem ambiental nos currículos dos cursos de engenharia de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Dorneles Viviane Rodrigues , Souza Marco Antônio Simões de
Published: September 2019

A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 define, como incumbência do Poder Público, a promoção da Educação Ambiental (EA) em todos os níveis de ensino, bem como a conscientização pública para a preservação do meio ambiente. Há um interesse de que conteúdos nesta temática sejam debatidos e explorados em sala de aula, a fim de que os egressos, de várias áreas de formação, tenham capacidade de lidar com a legislação, normatizações e circunstâncias da área ambiental. O presente trabalho analisa a abordagem ambiental nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos de Engenharias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), com o objetivo de compreender como são retratadas as questões ambientais nas suas disciplinas obrigatórias. A aquisição das informações foi realizada a partir das matrizes curriculares dos cursos, selecionando disciplinas que abordassem questões ambientais. Mediante a interpretação das ementas, procurou-se encontrar palavras que identificassem a abordagem dos temas ambientais apresentados, para que, por fim, essas disciplinas fossem agrupadas em três categorias distintas, levando como base a temática dos conteúdos. Foram selecionadas 29 disciplinas, em que 18 delas tem caráter obrigatório, das quais, a grande maioria, abordam aspectos conceituais e teóricos, de natureza introdutória, para embasamento de fundamentos sobre o tema. Foi possível identificar que todos os cursos de Engenharia analisados oferecem pelo menos uma disciplina que aborde questões ambientais, destacando-se a Engenharia Hídrica e a Agronomia que disponibilizam sete e seis disciplinas, respectivamente. Constatou-se que os cursos estão de acordo com o que propõe as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Ministério da Educação. Porém, destaca-se a necessidade de que os cursos ofereçam aos egressos disciplinas que contextualizem problemáticas ambientais na profissão, como por exemplo, no caso da Engenharia Civil, que não possibilita ao profissional contato com o conteúdo sobre resíduos sólidos. Nesse sentido, sugerimos a gestão da equipe de professores que compõe e constrói as matrizes curriculares dos cursos, a inclusão de temáticas e conteúdos específicos, propostos pela Instituição, constituindo conhecimentos necessários para garantir o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades estabelecidas aos profissionais.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF COATINGS ON BASIS OF POLYVINYL ACETATE MODIFIED WITH MONTMORILLONITE
Authors: Kurenkov Viktor V. , Pashkov Oleg V. , Gerasin Viktor A.
Published: September 2019

Water-dispersion materials based on poly (vinyl acetate) are widely used in industry as adhesive compositions and binders for polymer coatings due to their low cost, ecological safety and good performance characteristis. Drawbacks of such materials are insufficient water resistance and relatively low physical-mechanical properties. For improvement of performance characteristics of poly (vinyl acetate) based coatings it is proposed to modify the water-dispersion materials by incorporation of small amounts of sodium montmorillonite. In the article characteristics of model pigmented paint materials and coatings based on poly (vinyl acetate) dispersion modified with sodium montmorillonite are presented. Commercial water dispersion of PVA plasticized with dibutyl phatalate, natural sodium montmorillonite and titanium dioxide (pigment) were used for preparation of model paint materials. The obtained specimens of model paint materials are pseudoplastic fluids, incorporation of monmtorillonite leads to significant increase in yield stress. Materials modified with montmorillonite exhibit thixotropic properties. Addition of 1-2 % wt. montmorillonite to the material leads to increase in the Young modulus of dried films up to 8 times without decrease in tensile strength. The obtained effect is attributed to adhesion strengthening of the composite material. Incorporation of montmorillonite does not hinder the covering power of the paint material. Montmorillonite-modified coatings show increased hardness and reduced water absorption capacity (up to 2.5 times with addition of 2 % wt. montmorillonite). Reduction of water uptake of polymer material modified with montmorillonite can be attributed to reduction of free volume in the composite, formation of interface layers of polymer with different physico-phemical properties, and also to the decrease in the diffusion coefficient of water in the composite. The suggested approach to inprovement of the coating characteristics can be implemented without major expenditure due to low cost of natural sodium montmorillonite and simplicity of its incorporation in water-dispersion materials.
SYNTHESIS OF INDIVIDUAL ISOMERS OF 2-(3-CHLOROPROP-2-EN-1-YL)CYCLOHEXANONE
Authors: Shakhmaev Rinat N. , Sunagatullina Alisa Sh. , Zorin Vladimir V.
Published: September 2019

Recently, vinyl chlorides has been increasingly used as electrophilic partners in various cross-coupling reactions. In contrast to inaccessible and expensive vinyl bromides and iodides, in many cases vinyl chlorides are highly active in the presence of not only traditional palladium complexes, but also economical and safe compounds of iron, cobalt and nickel. Earlier, we reported on the development of new approaches to the getting of stereochemically pure (E)- and (Z)-vinyl chlorides and their successful use at the synthesis of medicines and insect pheromones. Continuing this work, an effective method of the synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-isomers of 2-(3-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexanone - convenient precursors of 2-(alk-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexanones, known flavors and intermediates in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds was developed. In the reaction of ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate with the (E)- and (Z)-isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene under the phase-transfer catalysis conditions in the presence of K2CO3, the corresponding (E)- and (Z)-isomers of ethyl 1-(3-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)-2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate were obtained in high yields (80-86%), without allyl rearrangement. The complete retention of the configuration of the chlorovinyl group is observed. Standard methods of the decarboxylation of isomers of ethyl 1-(3-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)-2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate under acidic or basic conditions result in very average yields of the corresponding chlorovinyl ketones. The best results were obtained by their decarbalkoxylation in slightly modernized Krapcho conditions. Carrying out reaction in N-methylpyrrolidone at 140-150 °C in the presence of 3 eq. LiCl and 2 eq. of H2O leads to individual (E)- and (Z)-isomers of 2-(3-chloroprop-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexanone in 79-82% yields and a stereochemical purity of ~ 99%. The structure of the obtained compounds were confirmed by HRGC, NMR, and GC/MS data. The configuration of the vinyl group was proved by the coupling constants of the vinyl hydrogens, equal to 13.2-13.4 and 7.0-7.3 Hz for the (E)- and (Z)-products, respectively, as well as by the downfield shift of the allyl carbon atom of trans-isomers by ~4 ppm as compared to the cis-analogs.
NON-THERMAL PLASMA AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND ITS OPPORTUNITIES FOR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yuri S. Akishev Yuri S.
Published: September 2019

The subject of this review is the low-temperature (or "cold") weakly-ionized but strongly non-equilibrium plasma created at atmospheric pressure in gaseous mixtures or directly in atmospheric air. Cold plasma is rather new, but very perspective object. The strong non-equilibrium of the weakly-ionized plasma leads to that energetic electrons despite their small quantity very effectively excite and dissociate the neutral particles which are contained in surrounding gas, for example, of a molecule of oxygen and water. The pointed above property of cold plasma is valuable from the practical point of view because it allows creating in plasma-forming gas rather intensive ultra-violet radiation and high concentration of physically and biochemically reactive species (metastable atoms and molecules, radicals, ozone, and others) with rather small specific energy consumption. Now the usage of cold plasma at atmospheric pressure gives the opportunity to solve many practical problems which were earlier seeming unsolvable. It is possible even to claim that the approaches based on the use of cold plasma in dense gases define modern progress in many fields of science, biomedicine and, in particular, in the field of chemical technology. The review of modern experimental methods of creation of the cold plasma at atmospheric pressure is given. Physical and chemical features of cold plasma in dense gases have been considered. Special attention is paid to the kinetics of the charged particles in non-equilibrium plasma and the vibrationally excited molecules as well. Additionally, the kinetics of the electronic excited and metastable states is taken into account because they also influence a biochemical activity of low-temperature plasma. A lot of places is given to concrete examples of the modern practical use of such plasma in ecology for the destruction of the low-concentrated harmful organic and inorganic impurities in the exhausted airflows at atmospheric pressure.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF METHYL HYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE BY 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Kostryukov Sergey G. , Araslankin Sergey V. , Petrov Pavel S. , Kalyazin Valentin A. , Al-Rubaye Angam Adil Ismail
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the determination of the structural parameters of methyl hydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Four samples of methyl hydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC, DS ~ 1.7) of different viscosity aqueous solutions were analyzed to determine the distribution of methyl and hydroxyethyl groups in different positions of the anhydroglucose unit of the polymer chain. For this purpose, MHEC samples were subjected to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in the presence of sulfuric acid. Optimal conditions for complete hydrolysis leading to methyl and hydroxyethyl substituted D-glucose derivatives were determined. The structure of the hydrolysis products was studied by 13С NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of carbon atom signals in the 13С NMR spectra was made based on chemical shifts calculated using BIOPSEL program. Analysis of the integrated intensities of the C-atom groups of the products of hydrolysis allowed us to determine the distribution of substituents in the anhydroglucose unit. The values of the degree of substitution in 2, 3 and 6 positions (DSC-2, DSC-3 и DSC-6) are calculated, the number of methoxyl (DSMe) and hydroxyethoxyl (DSHE) groups is determined, the total degree of substitution (DStotal) is calculated. The distribution of substituents in different positions of the glucopyranose unit indicates the highest reactivity of 2 and 6 positions, as well as hydroxyl in the hydroxyethyl group. In this paper, the degree of substitution in four different MHEC samples with known DS values is determined. Comparative analysis of the results obtained with the data specified by the manufacturer confirms the high accuracy of the considered method. The proposed method for determining the chemical structure of MHEC is informative since the method allows determining the distribution of substituents for different positions of the anhydroglucose unit and the degree of substitution of each substituent.
INVESTIGATION OF ADSORPTION ABILITY OF DIAMINOMALEODINITRILE ON NICKEL SURFACE BY ELLIPSOMETRIC METHOD
Authors: Andreeva Nina. P. , Kuznetsov Yuri I. , Larionov Alexey V. , Gorukhina Olga V. , Semeikin Alexander S.
Published: September 2019

The difficulty of the discharge of nickel ions due to the adsorption of the addition of diaminomeleodinitrile on the electrode surface contributes to the formation of a fine crystalline precipitate with high reflectivity. Therefore, in this work, we studied the adsorption capacity of diaminomeleodinitrile on the surface of nickel from borate buffer solution in the cathodic and anodic regions. The values of its free adsorption energy were determined, which were at a potential of -0.65 V - 39.7 kJ / mol, and at 0.2 V - 66.2 kJ / mol. It was determined that diaminomeleodinitrile has adsorbed on the surface of nickel from borate buffer solution at pH = 7.4 mainly due to the forces of chemical interaction. It has been established that on the oxidized nickel surface, the adsorption of diaminomeleodinitrile begins in the region of lower concentrations compared to the “clean” surface. On average, a monolayer has formed within 60-75 min, while changes in the phase angle of the reflected light are small, due to the small size of the adsorbed molecule. It was determined that on the oxidized surface these changes are more than on the “clean” one. By method of reflective ellipsometry, which allows to measure and analyze the differences in the polarization parameters of a plane polarized light flux incident at an angle on two homogeneous media with different optical properties, the thickness of the resulting monolayer was determined. On an oxidized surface, it was ~ 0.5 nm, and on a “clean” surface, ~ 0.2 nm. When comparing these thicknesses with the size of the diaminomeleodinitrile molecule, it can be assumed that at a potential of 0.2 V, the diaminomeleodinitrile molecules are drawn out at an angle to the nickel surface, and at a potential of -0.65 V they are adsorbed flat on the nickel surface.