bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drift Orbit Bifurcations and Cross‐Field Transport in the Outer Radiation Belt: Global MHD and Integrated Test‐Particle Simulations
Authors: Desai R. T. , Eastwood J. P. , Horne R. B. , Allison H. J. , Allanson O. , Watt C. E. J. , Eggington J. W. B. , Glauert S. A. , Meredith N. P. , Archer M. O. , Staples F. A. , Mejnertsen L. , Tong J. K. , Chittenden J. P.
Published: September 2021

Energetic particle fluxes in the outer magnetosphere present a significant challenge to modeling efforts as they can vary by orders of magnitude in response to solar wind driving conditions. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to propagate test particles through global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to a high level of precision and use this to map the cross‐field radial transport associated with relativistic electrons undergoing drift orbit bifurcations (DOBs). The simulations predict DOBs primarily occur within an Earth radius of the magnetopause loss cone and appear significantly different for southward and northward interplanetary magnetic field orientations. The changes to the second invariant are shown to manifest as a dropout in particle fluxes with pitch angles close to and indicate DOBs are a cause of butterfly pitch angle distributions within the night‐time sector. The convective electric field, not included in previous DOB studies, is found to have a significant effect on the resultant long‐term transport, and losses to the magnetopause and atmosphere are identified as a potential method for incorporating DOBs within Fokker‐Planck transport models.
COVID-19 vaccination and unemployment risk: lessons from the Italian crisis
Authors: Pieroni Valentina , Facchini Angelo , Riccaboni Massimo
Published: September 2021

This paper analyzes the impact of mobility contraction on employee furlough and excess deaths in Italy during the COVID-19 crisis. Our approach exploits rainfall patterns across Italian administrative regions as a source of exogenous variation in human mobility to pinpoint the causal effect of mobility restrictions on excess deaths and furlough workers. Results confirm that the first countrywide lockdown has effectively curtailed the COVID-19 epidemics restricting it mainly to the northern part of the country, with the drawback of a countrywide increase in unemployment risk. Our analysis points out that a mobility contraction of 1% leads to a mortality reduction of 0.6%, but it induces an increase of 10% in Wage Guarantee Funds allowed hours. We discuss return-to-work policies and prioritizing policies for administering COVID-19 vaccines in the most advanced stage of a vaccination campaign when the healthy active population is left to be vaccinated.
Mothers’ cafeteria diet induced sex-specific changes in fat content, metabolic profiles, and inflammation outcomes in rat offspring
Authors: Matuszewska Julia , Zalewski Tomasz , Klimaszyk Adam , Ziarniak Kamil , Jurga Stefan , Chmurzynska Agata , Sliwowska Joanna H.
Published: September 2021

“Western diet” containing high concentrations of sugar and fat consumed during pregnancy contributes to development of obesity and diabetes type 2 in offspring. To mimic effects of this diet in animals, a cafeteria (CAF) diet is used. We hypothesized that CAF diet given to rats before, and during pregnancy and lactation differently influences fat content, metabolic and inflammation profiles in offspring. Females were exposed to CAF or control diets before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation. At postnatal day 25 (PND 25), body composition, fat contents were measured, and blood was collected for assessment of metabolic and inflammation profiles. We have found that CAF diet lead to sex-specific alterations in offspring. At PND25, CAF offspring had: (1) higher percentage of fat content, and were lighter; (2) sex-specific differences in levels of glucose; (3) higher levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α); (4) sex-specific differences in concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α, with an increase in CAF females; (5) higher level of IL-10 in both sexes, with a more pronounced increase in females. We concluded that maternal CAF diet affects fat content, metabolic profiles, and inflammation parameters in offspring. Above effects are sex-specific, with female offspring being more susceptible to the diet.
Kruppel-like factor 15 induces the development of mature hepatocyte-like cells from hepatoblasts
Authors: Anzai Kazuya , Tsuruya Kota , Ida Kinuyo , Kagawa Tatehiro , Inagaki Yutaka , Kamiya Akihide
Published: September 2021

The liver is an important metabolic organ that controls homeostasis in the body. Moreover, it functions as a hematopoietic organ, while its metabolic function is low during development. Hepatocytes, which are parenchymal cells of the liver, acquire various metabolic functions by the maturation of hepatic progenitor cells during the fetal period; however, this molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) was identified as a new regulator of hepatic maturation through a comprehensive analysis of the expression of transcriptional regulators in mouse fetal and adult hepatocytes. KLF15 is a transcription factor whose expression in the liver increases from the embryonic stage throughout the developmental process. KLF15 induced the overexpression of liver function genes in mouse embryonic hepatocytes. Furthermore, we found that the expression of KLF15 could also induce the expression of liver function genes in hepatoblasts derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, KLF15 increased the promoter activity of tyrosine aminotransferase, a liver function gene. KLF15 also suppressed the proliferation of hepatoblasts. These results suggest that KLF15 induces hepatic maturation through the transcriptional activation of target genes and cell cycle control.
Effect of liraglutide on expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zobel Emilie H. , Ripa Rasmus S. , von Scholten Bernt J. , Rotbain Curovic Viktor , Kjaer Andreas , Hansen Tine W. , Rossing Peter , Størling Joachim
Published: September 2021

Anti-inflammatory effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment in T2D may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits observed with GLP-1 RAs in outcome studies. We investigated if the GLP-1 RA liraglutide exerts anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). From 54 participants of a double-blinded trial where individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) or placebo for 26 weeks, a sub-study was performed in which PBMCs were extracted from fresh blood at study start and at end-of-treatment. The expression of selected inflammatory genes in PBMCs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, the expression of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) was examined in a subset (n = 40) of the PBMC samples. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was used for in vitro GLP-1 exposure experiments. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA) (p = 0.004) and interleukin-1β (IL1B) was downregulated (p = 0.046) in the liraglutide-treated group (n = 31), and unchanged in the placebo group (n = 21, p ≥ 0.11), with no significant differences between the two groups (p ≥ 0.67). The expression of interferon-γ (IFNG) and cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) were upregulated in both groups (p ≤ 0.006) with no differences between groups (p ≥ 0.47). C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) was upregulated in the liraglutide-treated group (p = 0.002) and unchanged in the placebo group (p = 0.14), with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.36). Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) was unchanged in both groups (p ≥ 0.43). GLP1R expression in the PBMCs was undetectable. In vitro experiments showed no effect of GLP-1 treatment on inflammatory gene expression in THP-1 cells. GLP1R expression in THP-1 cells was not detectable. In summary, we observed a discrete modulatory effect of liraglutide on the expression of inflammatory genes in PBMCs. The lack of evidence for GLP1R expression in PBMCs and THP-1 cells suggests that possible effects of liraglutide on the PBMCs’ gene expression are most likely indirect. Further investigations are needed to establish the anti-inflammatory potential of GLP-1 RAs.
Influence of interstitial UO22+ doping on the valence control of Eu and energy transfer to substitutional Eu3+ and Sm3+ in SrBPO5
Authors: Vinodkumar P. , Padhi R. K. , Panda Sitakanta , Ramakrishna P. , Panigrahi B. S.
Published: September 2021

Europium got stabilized as Eu2+ and Eu3+ and Samarium got stabilized as Sm3+ in stillwellite SrBPO5. The interstitial uranium co-doping caused energy transfer to Eu3+ and Sm3+ and influenced the ratio of the Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions.
One-pot facile fabrication of covalently cross-linked carbon nanotube/PDMS composite foam as a pressure/temperature sensor with high sensitivity and stability
Authors: Zhang Cuifen , Song Shiqiang , Li Qinglan , Wang Jincheng , Liu Zijin , Zhang Shuhua , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2021

A novel composite foam with covalently crosslinked bonds between the conductive filler and matrix serves as a sensor with high sensitivity, durability and stability.
Deep learning to ternary hash codes by continuation
Authors: Chen Mingrui , Li Weiyu , Lu Weizhi
Published: September 2021

Recently, ithas been observed that ‐ternary codes, which are simply generated from deep features by hard thresholding, tend to outperform ‐binary codes in image retrieval. To obtain better ternary codes, the authors for the first time propose to jointly learn the features with the codes by appending a smoothed function to the networks. During training, the function could evolve into a non‐smoothed ternary function by a continuation method, and then generate ternary codes. The method circumvents the difficulty of directly training discrete functions and reduces the quantization errors of ternary codes. Experiments show that the proposed joint learning indeed could produce better ternary codes. For the first time, the authors propose to generate ternary hash codes by jointly learning the codes with deep features via a continuation method. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods.
Nodal charging demand forecast of EVs considering drivers’ psychological bearing ability based on NMC‐MCS
Authors: Ma Qiao , Tong Xiangqian , Huang Jingjing , Wang Peng , Li Junhuai
Published: September 2021

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) would significantly increase the electrical load demand in power distribution networks. Most previous studies investigated EV charging demand based on drivers’ trip habits, but the impact of psychological bearing ability (PBA) about the range anxiety on EV drivers’ charging decision are ignored. Here a novel forecast method considering drivers’ PBA for predicting nodal charging demand of EVs is proposed. The charging decision model considering PBA is established based on an improved Richards model, and the spatial‐temporal dynamics model is established based on the non‐homogeneous Markov chain (NMC) and random trip chain. Meanwhile, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is adopted to avoid the disaster of dimensionality in large scale EVs charging problem. The proposed method is illustrated by an actual system integrated traffic network and power grid. The simulation results demonstrate that drivers’ PBA will significantly affect the charging decision, then changes the spatial‐temporal distribution of charging power demand. The conclusion is that the drivers with lower PBA have a higher charging demand, and the impact of drivers’ PBA on charging power has a close relation with the initial battery level (IBL) of EVs.
Radial profiles of lensed z ∼ 1 galaxies on sub-kiloparsec scales
Authors: Nagy David , Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Richard Johan , Schaerer Daniel , Combes Françoise , Messa Matteo , Chisholm John
Published: September 2021

We study the spatially resolved physical properties of the Cosmic Snake arc in MACS J1206.2–0847 and the arc in Abell 0521 (A521). These are two strongly lensed galaxies at redshifts z = 1.036 and z = 1.044. We used observations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The former gives access to the star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M⋆), and the latter to the H2 molecular gas mass (Mmol). HST and ALMA observations have similar angular resolutions of 0.15″ − 0.2″, which with the help of strong gravitational lensing enable us to reach spatial resolutions down to ∼30 pc and ∼100 pc in these two galaxies, respectively. These resolutions are close to the resolution of observations of nearby galaxies. We study the radial profiles of SFR, M⋆, and Mmol surface densities of these high-redshift galaxies and compare the corresponding exponential scale lengths with those of local galaxies. We find that the scale lengths in the Cosmic Snake are about 0.5 kpc − 1.5 kpc, and they are 3–10 times larger in A521. This is a significant difference knowing that the two galaxies have comparable integrated properties. These high-redshift scale lengths are nevertheless comparable to those of local galaxies, which cover a wide distribution. The particularity of our high-redshift radial profiles is the normalisation of the Mmol surface density profiles (ΣMmol), which are offset by up to a factor of 20 with respect to the profiles of z = 0 counterparts. The SFR surface density profiles are also offset by the same factor as ΣMmol, as expected from the Kennicutt-Schmidt law.
TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf
Authors: Kossakowski D. , Kemmer J. , Bluhm P. , Stock S. , Caballero J. A. , Béjar V. J. S. , Guillén C. Cardona , Lodieu N. , Collins K. A. , Oshagh M. , Schlecker M. , Espinoza N. , Pallé E. , Henning Th. , Kreidberg L. , Kürster M. , Amado P. J. , Anderson D. R. , Morales J. C. , Cartwright S. , Charbonneau D. , Chaturvedi P. , Cifuentes C. , Conti D. M. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Guerra P. , Hart R. , Hellier C. , Henze C. , Herrero E. , Jeffers S. V. , Jenkins J. M. , Jensen E. L. N. , Kaminski A. , Kielkopf J. F. , Kunimoto M. , Lafarga M. , Latham D. W. , Lillo-Box J. , Luque R. , Molaverdikhani K. , Montes D. , Morello G. , Morgan E. H. , Nowak G. , Pavlov A. , Perger M. , Quintana E. V. , Quirrenbach A. , Reffert S. , Reiners A. , Ricker G. , Ribas I. , López C. Rodríguez , Osorio M. R. Zapatero , Seager S. , Schöfer P. , Schweitzer A. , Trifonov T. , Vanaverbeke S. , Vanderspek R. , West R. , Winn J. , Zechmeister M.
Published: September 2021

We present the discovery of a transiting mini-Neptune around TOI-1201, a relatively bright and moderately young early M dwarf (J ≈ 9.5 mag, ~600–800 Myr) in an equal-mass ~8 arcsecond-wide binary system, using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, along with follow-up transit observations. With an orbital period of 2.49 d, TOI-1201 b is a warm mini-Neptune with a radius of Rb = 2.415 ± 0.090 R⊕. This signal is also present in the precise radial velocity measurements from CARMENES, confirming the existence of the planet and providing a planetary mass of Mb = 6.28 ± 0.88 M⊕ and, thus, an estimated bulk density of 2.45−0.42+0.48 g cm−3. The spectroscopic observations additionally show evidence of a signal with a period of 19 d and a long periodic variation of undetermined origin. In combination with ground-based photometric monitoring from WASP-South and ASAS-SN, we attribute the 19 d signal to the stellar rotation period (Prot = 19–23 d), although we cannot rule out that the variation seen in photometry belongs to the visually close binary companion. We calculate precise stellar parameters for both TOI-1201 and its companion. The transiting planet is anexcellent target for atmosphere characterization (the transmission spectroscopy metric is 97−16+21) with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. It is also feasible to measure its spin-orbit alignment via the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect using current state-of-the-art spectrographs with submeter per second radial velocity precision.
The importance of beech forests in the preservation of valuable species of the flora of Dagestan
Authors: Aliev Khabagin
Published: September 2021

Forests dominated by Fagus orientalis Lipsky play the greatest role in maintaining the ecological balance in the Caucasian Isthmus. Beech, having a high edificatory effect, contributes to the formation of a unique composition of the flora. In Dagestan, beech forests are located at the edge of their range in the relatively arid conditions of the Eastern Caucasus. The studied forests are rich in Hyrcanic and Colchian relict and endemic elements. In this regard, it became necessary to identify the most valuable areas of beech forests and take urgent measures to preserve them. The work is devoted to the study of the importance of beech forests in the preservation of 88 species of relict, endemic and protected species of the flora of Dagestan. Based on the data of geobotanical descriptions of 73 test plots, with a total area of 45625 m2, an environmental assessment of the value of phytocenoses is given. In total, 19 associations have been identified in the beech forests of Dagestan. Disjunctive growth of some species was noted in the beech forests of the republic. The most valuable are beech forests growing in the refugia of Low and Foothill Dagestan, where there is a reduction in areas due to negative anthropogenic impact. In high-mountainous beech forests, no reduction in areas is observed, and forest fires, which have been observed more and more often in recent years, remain the main limiting factor. The data on the inclusion of the most valuable areas of beech forests in the protected areas, and for some areas already included in the protected areas, recommendations are given on the introduction of a special regime of use in them.
Assessment differentiation degree cryptic species of the genus Apodemus in the Northern Caucasus based on non-metric cranial characters
Authors: Amshokova Albina , Tembotova Fatimat , Kononenko Ekaterina
Published: September 2021

A phenetic analysis of non-metric cranial traits of two genetically identified cryptic species of the genus Apodemus in different ecological conditions of the North Caucasus was carried out. The maximum distance obtained between cryptic species did not exceed the level of subspecies differences. The phenetic distance between A. uralensis and A. flavicollis, which inhabit symbiotopically and sympatrically in the Western Caucasus, is almost 2 times lower. The smaller value of phenetic differences is probably related to the habitat of both species in similar land-scapebiotopic and climatic conditions, which contributes to the development of phenotypic similarity. In general, the obtained results indicate weak morphological differentiation of the studied species according to the studied phenetic characters (cranial foramen), although according to the results of molecular genetic analysis of the cyt b gene site, the genetic distance between the studied taxa is 10% and corresponds to the level of interspecific differences. Based on the above, reliable diagnosis of the studied species in the Caucasus is possible only by molecular genetic methods.
The current state of mountain meadow soils of subalpine pasture ecosystems of the Central Caucasus (elbrus altitudinal zonality)
Authors: Gorobtsova Olga , Chadaeva Viktoria , Gedgafova Fatima , Uligova Tatyana , Tembotov Rustam , Khakunova Elena
Published: September 2021

Intensive recreational, agricultural and logistics land use in uplands leads to their transformation and degradation. Subalpine meadow ecosystems of Central Caucasus are traditionally used for grazing and mowing. The work determined the current state of soils on pastures (mountain meadow-steppe subalpine soil and mountain meadow subalpine soil) and the level of changes of their properties under different stages of pasture degradation were defined. The efficacy of 4-stage assessment system for evaluating the pasture degradation of grasslands dominated by Bromus variegatus M. Bieb. was shown for the assessment of soil cover condition. The reduce of estimated soil indicators and degradation of soils under pastures with maximal degradation stage (DS3) of meadow ecosystems was statistically significant.
Mountain regions in the legal space of Russia
Authors: Gunya Alexey , Badenkov Yuri , Muduev Shahmardan
Published: September 2021

The allocation of the mountainous regions of Russia as a subject of legal regulation is a relatively new trend in Russian lawmaking, which began in the 1990s. The initiation of the process of developing mountain laws was influenced by the international experience of European countries that have mountain areas in their composition. An important event at the end of 2020 is the adoption by the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly of the Model Law “On the Protection and Development of Mountain Areas”. The purpose of the article is to analyze modern initiatives in the field of legal support for the sustainable development of the mountain regions of Russia. The results are based on an analysis of documents adopted in the field of mountain legislation, as well as on interviews with experts and expeditionary work. The program for the development of the mountainous territories of Dagestan, initiated on the basis of the implementation of the regional law on mountainous territories, became a certain “litmus” test that revealed the problems of modernization and ensuring sustainable development in the mountains. These include, first of all, distrust of the government’s initiatives, unsettled land relations, fear of getting into credit dependence, the complexity of bureaucratic procedures, etc.
Bats Species Diversity of Northern Tajikistan: 45 Years Later
Authors: Khabilov Tolibjon , Tadjibaeva Dilbar
Published: September 2021

The paper shows the results of long-term field studies of the species composition and number of bats in 8 abandoned mines in the Mogol-Tau mountains and the foothills of the northern slope of the Turkestan Mountain ranges in the territory of Northern Tajikistan. It reveals that the species diversity and number of bats have decreased both in “winter” stationary mine in the Mogol-Tau mountains and in “summer” stationary mine in the foothills of the Turkestan Mountain ranges. At the same time, the number of Myotis blythii Tomes 1857 has remarkably increased in summer. The paper suggests that these changes are not directly related to human activities, but have deeper causes and, possibly, are associated with global climate change.
Differentiation of ecological niches of the forest-forming species in the Caucasus
Authors: Pshegusov Rustam , Tembotova Fatimat , Sablirova Yulia , Mollaeva Malika , Akhomgotov Anzor
Published: September 2021

Adaptations ofAbies nordmanniana, Picea orientalis, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus orientalis, and Carpinus betulusto the abiotic environmental conditions of the study area largely determined their predicted distribution in the Caucasus. The ecological niches of the species mostly coincided in two analyzed complex environmental factors (characteristics of water regime and topographic parameters). The complex humidity factor was the main factor determining the potential distribution the forest-forming species in the Caucasus (65% of the contribution in the Maxent models). Topographic ENVIREM predictors were also significant in the species distribution (20% of the contribution in the models).Abies nordmannianaandFagus orientaliswere the most sensitive to the humidity factor, whilePinus sylvestrisdepended largely on the topographic factors. The similarity of the distribution potential of the studied species in the Caucasus was explained largely by a high degree of overlap of ecological niches (Schoener’s D = 0.55-0.79) and their visual overlap in the orthogonal space of the analyzed ecological factors. The largest Schoener’s D indexes were observed for the pairsPinus sylvestris–Picea orientalis,Abies nordmanniana–Picea orientalis,Fagus orientalis–Picea orientalis, andFagus orientalis–Carpinus betulus.Carpinus betulus,Fagus orientalisandPinus sylvestrishad the widest ecological niches.
FlorealData : Des traits de vie d’espèces végétales pour le calcul d’indices agronomiques et écologiques des communautés prairiales
Authors: Theau Jean-Pierre , Prud’homme François
Published: September 2021

La transition agroécologique des systèmes d’élevage en zone herbagère nous amène à mieux concilier deux disciplines complémentaires que sont l’écologie et l’agronomie. Le fort recul de la prairie permanente, malgré les enjeux environnementaux qu’elle représente, ont amené le Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées (CBNPMP) et l’Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE) de Toulouse à rassembler, dans une base de données régionale, des traits de vie d’espèces prairiales, nécessaires au calcul d’indices agroécologiques. Cette base de données regroupe, pour chacune des espèces (768), des attributs issus de la phytosociologie et de l’écologie d’une part et d’une approche fonctionnelle des végétations pour l’agronomie d’autre part. À partir d’un relevé phytosociologique, ces attributs permettent de calculer des indices nécessaires à une meilleure gestion agroécologique des prairies permanentes. Initialement conçus pour le territoire de Midi-Pyrénées, ces indices sont pour la plupart d’entre eux suffisamment génériques pour être utilisés dans d’autres régions françaises. Cette base de données est évolutive et nous donnons les règles de construction de chaque attribut afin que les futurs utilisateurs puissent compléter la liste pour renseigner de nouvelles espèces. Elle est accessible sous licence ouverte et dans un format Excel.
FlorealIndices : Une feuille de calcul pour produire des indices agroécologiques de prairies permanentes à partir du relevé de végétation
Authors: Theau Jean-Pierre , Prud’homme François
Published: September 2021

Le Conservatoire botanique national des Pyrénées et de Midi-Pyrénées (CBNMP) et l’Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement de Toulouse (INRAE) ont produit en accès libre une base de données des 768 espèces prairiales de Midi-Pyrénées avec leurs attributs : FlorealData (https://doi.org/10.15454/ADCQHT). Nous présentons ici une feuille de calcul « FlorealIndices », qui permet, en utilisant le relevé phytosociologique de la station, de calculer automatiquement une dizaine d’indices agronomiques et écologiques. La production de ces indices permet aux botanistes, qu’ils soient agronomes ou plus généralement écologues, de s’approprier des concepts issus de ces deux disciplines afin d’en faciliter l’hybridation.
A new slick water system for hydraulic fracturing in tight reservoir to enhance imbibition oil recovery
Authors: Haiyang Yu , Wenjuan Ji , Cheng Luo , Junkai Lu , Fei Yan , Yi Liu , Jun Wu
Published: September 2021

In order to give full play to the role of imbibition of capillary force and enhance oil recovery of ultralow permeability sandstone reservoir after hydraulic fracturing, the mixed water fracture technology based on functional slick water is described and successfully applied to several wells in oilfield. The core of the technology is determination of influence factors of imbibition oil recovery, the development of new functional slick water system and optimization of volume fracturing parameters. The imbibition results show that it is significant effect of interfacial tension, wetting on imbibition oil recovery. The interfacial tension decreases by an order of magnitude, the imbibition oil recovery reduces by more than 10%. The imbibition oil recovery increases with the contact angle decreasing. The emulsifying ability has no obvious effect on imbibition oil recovery. The functional slick water system considering imbibition is developed based on the solution rheology and polymer chemistry. The system has introduced the active group and temperature resistant group into the polymer molecules. The molecular weight is controlled in 1.5 million. The viscosity is greater than 2mPa·s after shearing 2h under 170s-1 and 100℃. The interfacial tension could decrease to 10-2mN/m. The contact angle decreased from 58° to 22° and the core damage rate is less than 12%. The imbibition oil recovery could reach to 43%. The fracturing process includes slick water stage and linear gel stage. 10% 100 mesh ceramists and 8% temporary plugging agents are carried into the formation by functional slick water. 40-70 mesh ceramists are carried by linear gel. The liquid volume ratio is about 4:1 and the displacement is controlled at 10-12m3/min. The sand content and fracturing fluid volumes of single stage are 80m3 and 2500 m3 respectively. Compared with conventional fracturing, due to imbibition oil recovery, there is only 25% of the fracturing fluid flowback rate when the crude oil flew out. When the oil well is in normal production, about 50% of the fracturing fluid is not returned. It is useful to maintain the formation energy and slow down the production decline. The average cumulative production of vertical wells is greater than 2800t, and the effective period is more than 2 years. This technology overcoming the problem of high horizontal stress difference and lack of natural fracture has been successfully applied in Jidong Oilfield ultralow permeability reservoir. The successful application of this technology not only helps to promote the effective use of ultralow permeability reservoirs, but also helps to further clarify the role of imbibition recovery, energy storage and oil-water replacement mechanism.
Application and development of CT scanning technology in coal sector
Authors: Qin Xiangjie , Wang Gang , Han Dongyang , Chen Xuechang
Published: September 2021

CT scanning technology has been widely used in the observation of coal microstructures because of its advantages of non-destructive and refined visualization. In this study, the post-processing methods (image processing, 3D reconstruction, numerical simulation, etc.) of CT scan images are introduced in detail, and the application of CT in the coal sector is systematically reviewed, mainly including: coal seam gas mining (coal structure, reservoir permeability etc.); mechanical properties of coal mass damage; coal seam water injection, coal mass permeability enhancement, coal washability, etc. The application of CT in various research fields has been relatively mature. The initial research is focused on the analysis of coal mass structure, and subsequently the fractal dimension is introduced and the in-depth study of coal mass seepage is involved. At the same time, CT scanning equipment is been constantly improving to be applied to a wider range of explorations. In the future, improved image processing or equipment can increase the research accuracy, and the field of coal structure and seepage under the multi-field coupling conditions such as pressure-temperature-seepage can be explored.
Application of the optimally alloyed cast irons in order to increase the durability and to ensure the cost reduction of mining and metallurgical products
Authors: Lubyanoi Dmitry , Pudov Evgeny , Kuzin Evgeny , Semenova Olga
Published: September 2021

The article shows the relevance of the use of alloyed cast iron in mining and metallurgical engineering. The article discusses the technologies for producing naturally alloyed cast iron. For working bodies and friction units of mining machines, such as pumps, coal pumps, hydrocyclones, crushers and mills. The main type of wear for them is abrasive. To increase the wear resistance of cast iron the production of cast iron has not been sufficiently studied yet. Although the use of cast iron in a complex alloyed with manganese, silicon, chromium, titanium and vanadium has been studied. The article studies the influence of manganese, titanium and vanadium on the mechanical properties and performance of machine parts and products of mining and metallurgical production in contact with high-temperature and highly abrasive media. The rational content of titanium and vanadium in gray cast irons is established in the range of 0.05-0.1%, which ensures their heat resistance and increases their wear resistance. The content of these elements can be increased to 0.07-0.12%. Bushings made of this cast iron have the required wear resistance and can increase the operational reliability of the equipment in the conditions of mining and metallurgical production. They also replace non-ferrous metals, as well as products obtained by powder metallurgy methods.
Improvement methods of mining enterprises wastewater purification from nitrogen compounds
Authors: Tyuleneva Tatyana , Studenok Gennady
Published: September 2021

A typical negative impact on water resources for mining companies engaged in blasting operations is the discharge of quarry and mine water contaminated with nitrogen compounds. The solution of the problem under consideration is assumed with an integrated approach based on the use of partially flooded abandoned mine workings already available at the enterprise as bioengineered structures. The article substantiates and confirms the possibility of using flooded abandoned open-pit mine workings for the treatment of wastewater from mines and quarries contaminated with nitrogen compounds from the most environmentally hazardous components by natural microbiological nitrification. The advantages and disadvantages of the applied cleaning methods are investigated. The possibility of applying the method of biological purification based on the use of flooded waste workings with the existing natural ecosystem is justified from the point of view of economic efficiency. The advantages of this method are described and the effectiveness of its application is confirmed.
Safety evaluation of mine roof accident based on grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Gao Chunjing , Huang Dongmei , Xi Han , Zhu Yingying
Published: September 2021

By analyzing the risk assessment methods of roof accidents at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the research status of risk assessment in this area, and analyzes the significance of risk assessment of mine roof accidents. The risk identification of roadway collapse accident is carried out from four aspects -- human, material, environment, and management, and the risk evaluation index system is established, including human unsafe behavior, material unsafe state, management factors and environmental factors. On this basis, the weight of index set is determined by grey relation analysis, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is obtained by combining the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Taking a coal mine as an example, this paper makes an empirical study of risk assessment and puts forward corresponding countermeasures according to the results of comprehensive assessment. The results show that the safety level of the mine is very safe, so it is feasible to use the grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the safety of the mine, which can provide reference for the same kind of mine.
Some peculiarities of excavation of three flat seams strata using draglines
Authors: Fedotov Andrew , Litvin Yaroslav , Stukan Anton , Kapko Martin
Published: September 2021

One of the methods of increasing the efficiency of dragline operation is to optimize their work when mining the end sections of the cuts. This is especially important when the length of the work front is relatively short. With mining operations going deeper, and the complication of mining and geological conditions of bedding, it often becomes necessary to mine shorter face sections. However, as a rule, design bureaus do not take into account and do not visualize excavation of end sections, because these are, in fact, special cases of standard excavation schemes. Nevertheless, it significantly complicates the organization of mining operations due to the need to create routes for draglines to ascend and descend to the dump tiers. Scientific literature does not pay enough attention to this issue due to its complexity and the need for a full-scale field experiment, which in modern conditions is often very problematic. This article establishes the relevance of the above-mentioned issue and identifies directions for further research.
L’uranium : un approvisionnement assuré à long terme
Authors: Wales Marion
Published: September 2021

« Ressources, production et demande en uranium », appelé communément Redbook, est un rapport rédigé par l’Agence pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN) et l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique (AIEA), et publié sous la responsabilité du secrétaire général de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE). Décryptage de l’édition 2020.
55 Monate nach regionaler Chemotherapie eines fortgeschrittenen
Zungengrundkarzinoms: Anhaltende Komplettremission bei
unbeeinträchtigter Lebensqualität
Authors: Aigner Karl R.
Published: September 2021

Ein 47-jähriger Patient mit einem die mediane Linie überschreitenden
Zungengrundkarzinom im Stadium IVA wurde mit insgesamt drei Zyklen intraarterieller
Chemotherapie über die linke und rechte A. carotis behandelt. Zur
Toxizitätsprophylaxe wurde jeweils eine Chemofiltration im venösen
Rückfluss aus dem Tumorareal durchgeführt. Die initial erschwerte
orale Nahrungsaufnahme als auch Schmerzen im Stadium 3, waren zum Zeitpunkt der
zweiten Therapie nahezu und zu Beginn der dritten Therapie völlig
verschwunden. Der Tumor ist seit 55 Monaten in Komplettremission und der Patient
völlig beschwerdefrei. Das Prinzip der gesteigerten Tumortoxizität
der intraarteriellen Chemotherapie beruht auf der hohen Zytostatikaaufnahme bei der
ersten Passage durch die Tumorgefäße.
Überblick zur Supportivtherapie für Patienten mit
Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Büntzel Jens , Micke Oliver , Glatzel Michael , Kisters Klaus , Mücke Ralph ,   für den
                    Arbeitskreis „Spurenelemente und Elektrolyte in der Onkologie“
                    (AKTE)
Published: September 2021

Fragestellung Es sollen die spezifischen Aspekte der Supportivtherapie bei
Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen zusammengestellt werden.

Methode Darstellung der Symptome entsprechend des Zeitverlaufs der
Behandlung. Supportive Therapieansätze entsprechend der S3-Leitlinie und
Ansätze aus der Komplementärmedizin werden zugeordnet.

Ergebnisse Die Patienten erleben Funktionsverluste durch ihre Krankheit
und die erfahrene Therapie. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die
Beeinträchtigungen der Stimme und Sprache sowie der Nahrungsaufnahme.
Ästhetische Probleme, weitere Sinnesverluste (Riechen, Schmecken,
Hören) und Komorbiditäten (insbesondere im psychiatrischen
Bereich) prägen den Alltag unserer Patienten.

Schlussfolgerung Der multimodalen Behandlung eines fortgeschrittenen
Kopf-Hals-Tumors muss eine multiprofessionelle Supportivmedizin entgegengesetzt
werden, die für diese Patienten oft lebenslang notwendig ist.
Mental Health in der Covid-19-Pandemie – Beobachtungen unter
Kopf-Hals-Tumorpatienten
Authors: Büntzel Jens , Vitek Petr , Micke Oliver , Walter Stefanie , Büssing Arndt
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund In Krisenzeiten wie der Covid-19-Pandemie hat das individuelle
Coping für jeden Tumorpatienten eine besondere Bedeutung zur
Bewältigung ihrer spezifischen Belastungen.

Material und Methode Wir haben in zwei Projekten Daten zu Mental Health
für Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen erfasst: WHO-5, SpREUK,
Distress-Thermometer zu Belastung. Vor der Pandemie inkludierten wir 113
Patienten, während des 1. Lockdowns 84 Patienten und während des
2. Lockdowns 86 Patienten.

Ergebnisse Wir sehen während des 1. Lockdowns im Trend eine
Abnahme der allgemeinen Krankheitslast gegenüber der Zeit vor Covid-19.
Lebenszufriedenheit steigt, Copingstrategien wie Sinnsuche, Vertrauen und
Reflexion der eigenen Situation werden aktiviert. Im zweiten Lockdown lassen
diese Entwicklungen wieder nach, wobei insbesondere das per se nicht sehr
große religiöse Vertrauen geschwunden zu sein scheint.

Schlussfolgerung Tumorpatienten können Krisensituationen durch
Coping besser überwinden. Spiritual Care kann gezielt diese Copingmuster
unterstützen.
Mandragora: Koliken der Gallenblase und Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Hadulla Michael M.
Published: September 2021

Kasuistik einer 21-jährigen Patientin mit kolikartigen Bauchschmerzen,
Verspannungen und Kopfschmerzen. Die Modalitäten Besserung durch Essen
sowie Überstreckung und Bewegung führten zu dem Arzneimittelbild
Mandragora und zu einer nachfolgenden Restitutio ad Integrum.
Mundschleimhautentzündungen naturheilkundlich behandeln
– Erfahrungen aus der Praxis
Authors: Weis Nicole
Published: September 2021

In der supportiven Onkologie werden zunehmend Verfahren aus dem Bereich der
Naturheilkunde ergänzend eingesetzt, um Nebenwirkungen zu lindern.
Dieser Artikel beschreibt am Beispiel der oralen Mukositis, welche
naturheilkundlichen Therapien sich in der Praxis bewährt haben.
Intra-arterial Balloon Occlusion to Reduce Operative Bleeding for Placenta Previa Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Murayama Yoshihiko , Seki Hiroyuki , Takeda Satoru
Published: September 2021

Cesarean section for placenta previa accreta spectrum carries a significant risk of massive hemorrhage. Hence, it is necessary to understand the various hemostatic procedures, damage control surgery and resuscitation for massive hemorrhage, and systemic management against hypovolemic shock and coagulopathy. In cases of placenta previa with previous cesarean section, the operation should be performed in a tertiary medical facility with well-trained staff and blood availability for transfusion. Preoperative placement of an intra-arterial balloon occlusion catheter in the common iliac artery or aorta is useful for preventing massive hemorrhage.
Neues zu Bönninghausens Ileus
Authors: Stegemann Thorsten
Published: September 2021

Bönninghausens Beschreibung seiner eigenen Ileus-Erkrankung, unvermutet
nachvollziehbar mit der Polaritätenanalyse und trotzdem bleiben viele
Fragen offen.
10.24.1 Product Subclass 1: Pyrido[1,2-a]indoles and Related Benzo-Fused Ring Systems
Authors: Harris P. A.
Published: September 2021

This review describes methods for the synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]indoles, as well as the related benzo-fused ring systems indolo[1,2-a]quinolines, indolo[1,2-b]isoquinolines, indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, and indolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines. The most common routes to access these ring systems involve a variety of transition-metal-catalyzed cyclizations, but alternative approaches are also covered.
10.24.3 Product Subclass 3: Pyrimido[1,6-a]indoles and Related Benzo-Fused Ring Systems
Authors: Harris P. A.
Published: September 2021

Methods for the synthesis of pyrimido[1,6-a]indoles, indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines, and the less-common pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]pyrimido[1,6-a]indol-5-ium ring systems are reviewed in this chapter. Indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines are the most represented in the literature, most often being accessed via cyclization of either 2-(2-aminoaryl)indoles or 2-(2-haloaryl)indoles, although a variety of additional approaches are described.
37.9 Product Class 9: 1,4-Dioxanes
Authors: Vashchenko B. V. , Grygorenko O. O.
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, the synthesis of substituted 1,4-dioxanes and their saturated bridged, fused, and spirocyclic derivatives is discussed for the first time in Science of Synthesis. Partially unsaturated compounds, in particular benzo, 2-oxo, and related derivatives, are excluded from this review. Methods based on the construction of the 1,4-dioxane core, as well as on functionalization of the parent 1,4-dioxane and 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxine are presented.
3.3.4 Biocatalytic Oxidation of Alcohols: An Overview
Authors: Hollmann F.
Published: September 2021

This chapter provides a representative, but non-exhaustive, overview of biocatalytic methods for the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl products. Enzymes represent an attractive alternative to established oxidation catalysts, especially if mild reaction conditions are needed or if regio- or stereoselectivity are desirable.
Crime drop in Ghana? Some insights from crime patterns and trends
Authors: Dziwornu Michael Gameli
Published: September 2021

This study examines crime rate trends in Ghana in the context of research into the international crime drop. Ghanaian police-recorded crime data are imperfect, but crime rates appear to have increased to the early 2000s then to have declined significantly. However, the national trend for all crime types masks significant variation by crime type and region. The national trends appear, broadly speaking, consistent with long-term crime increases and decreases in high-income countries, but with a lag that may reflect Ghana’s economic development trajectory. This may be consistent with the routine activity perspective if both crime opportunities and economic development increased in parallel, followed by a crime decline that reflected increased security measures or other change. The study raises many questions that require further research, and some suggestions to that end are outlined.
Incorporating Sustainable and Technological Approaches in Pest Management of Invasive Arthropod Species
Authors: Bernaola Lina , Holt Jocelyn R
Published: September 2021

Invasive arthropods can cause negative impacts on human health, damage to agriculture crops, irreparable environmental impacts, and other economic losses. Although native arthropods can be pests, invasive arthropods can pose unique challenges for identification and management. Current tools to manage invasive arthropods often focus on immediate solutions, such as the application of synthetic chemical pesticides, which can result in off-target effects (e.g., harm to native organisms, depletion of soil health, and increased insecticide resistance). In this review, we discuss sustainable approaches such as using soil microbes and biopesticides that are safe for the environment and human health, build soil health, and can be proactive in rebuilding ecosystems with resilience against invasive arthropods. We also discuss the incorporation of up-to-date technological and molecular tools (e.g., the use of drones, CRISPRs, and molecular identification of organisms from environmental samples) that allow for the enhancement of identification and management efforts associated with traditional integrated pest management (IPM). Implementing these tools into current management practices can enhance and accelerate early detection and allow for tailored management practices of invasive arthropods. These tools are not exclusive to monitoring invasive arthropods and can be used to monitor native pests or organisms relevant for conservation. Although our focus is on the management of invasive arthropods that have been introduced into North America, the knowledge provided may also be applicable to the management of invasive arthropods worldwide.
Finding Amica in the Archives: Navigating a Path between Strategic Collaboration and Independent Research
Authors: Armstrong-Partida Michelle , McDonough Susan
Published: September 2021

This article is a call for US-based historians to consider participating in strategic collaboration with fellow academics in their field. Out of a series of lucky encounters in person and with documentary collections, the authors, both archival historians, created a generous and expansive collaboration both in research and writing. Galvanized by the shift in working conditions occasioned by the coronavirus, the authors map out how the field in the United States should change to accommodate and reward such collaboration.