bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Flexible, Scalable, and Machine Learning-Ready Multimodal Oncology Datasets
Authors: Tripathi Aakash , Waqas Asim , Venkatesan Kavya , Yilmaz Yasin , Rasool Ghulam
Published: March 2024

The advancements in data acquisition, storage, and processing techniques have resulted in the rapid growth of heterogeneous medical data. Integrating radiological scans, histopathology images, and molecular information with clinical data is essential for developing a holistic understanding of the disease and optimizing treatment. The need for integrating data from multiple sources is further pronounced in complex diseases such as cancer for enabling precision medicine and personalized treatments. This work proposes Multimodal Integration of Oncology Data System (MINDS)—a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective metadata framework for efficiently fusing disparate data from public sources such as the Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC) into an interconnected, patient-centric framework. MINDS consolidates over 41,000 cases from across repositories while achieving a high compression ratio relative to the 3.78 PB source data size. It offers sub-5-s query response times for interactive exploration. MINDS offers an interface for exploring relationships across data types and building cohorts for developing large-scale multimodal machine learning models. By harmonizing multimodal data, MINDS aims to potentially empower researchers with greater analytical ability to uncover diagnostic and prognostic insights and enable evidence-based personalized care. MINDS tracks granular end-to-end data provenance, ensuring reproducibility and transparency. The cloud-native architecture of MINDS can handle exponential data growth in a secure, cost-optimized manner while ensuring substantial storage optimization, replication avoidance, and dynamic access capabilities. Auto-scaling, access controls, and other mechanisms guarantee pipelines’ scalability and security. MINDS overcomes the limitations of existing biomedical data silos via an interoperable metadata-driven approach that represents a pivotal step toward the future of oncology data integration.
COVID-Net L2C-ULTRA: An Explainable Linear-Convex Ultrasound Augmentation Learning Framework to Improve COVID-19 Assessment and Monitoring
Authors: Zeng E. Zhixuan , Ebadi Ashkan , Florea Adrian , Wong Alexander
Published: March 2024

While no longer a public health emergency of international concern, COVID-19 remains an established and ongoing global health threat. As the global population continues to face significant negative impacts of the pandemic, there has been an increased usage of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) imaging as a low-cost, portable, and effective modality of choice in the COVID-19 clinical workflow. A major barrier to the widespread adoption of POCUS in the COVID-19 clinical workflow is the scarcity of expert clinicians who can interpret POCUS examinations, leading to considerable interest in artificial intelligence-driven clinical decision support systems to tackle this challenge. A major challenge to building deep neural networks for COVID-19 screening using POCUS is the heterogeneity in the types of probes used to capture ultrasound images (e.g., convex vs. linear probes), which can lead to very different visual appearances. In this study, we propose an analytic framework for COVID-19 assessment able to consume ultrasound images captured by linear and convex probes. We analyze the impact of leveraging extended linear-convex ultrasound augmentation learning on producing enhanced deep neural networks for COVID-19 assessment, where we conduct data augmentation on convex probe data alongside linear probe data that have been transformed to better resemble convex probe data. The proposed explainable framework, called COVID-Net L2C-ULTRA, employs an efficient deep columnar anti-aliased convolutional neural network designed via a machine-driven design exploration strategy. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed extended linear–convex ultrasound augmentation learning significantly increases performance, with a gain of 3.9% in test accuracy and 3.2% in AUC, 10.9% in recall, and 4.4% in precision. The proposed method also demonstrates a much more effective utilization of linear probe images through a 5.1% performance improvement in recall when such images are added to the training dataset, while all other methods show a decrease in recall when trained on the combined linear–convex dataset. We further verify the validity of the model by assessing what the network considers to be the critical regions of an image with our contribution clinician.
Emergent Information Processing: Observations, Experiments, and Future Directions
Authors: Kroc Jiří
Published: March 2024

Science is currently becoming aware of the challenges in the understanding of the very root mechanisms of massively parallel computations that are observed in literally all scientific disciplines, ranging from cosmology to physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and biology. This leads us to the main motivation and simultaneously to the central thesis of this review: “Can we design artificial, massively parallel, self-organized, emergent, error-resilient computational environments?” The thesis is solely studied on cellular automata. Initially, an overview of the basic building blocks enabling us to reach this end goal is provided. Important information dealing with this topic is reviewed along with highly expressive animations generated by the open-source, Python, cellular automata software GoL-N24. A large number of simulations along with examples and counter-examples, finalized by a list of the future directions, are giving hints and partial answers to the main thesis. Together, these pose the crucial question of whether there is something deeper beyond the Turing machine theoretical description of massively parallel computing. The perspective, future directions, including applications in robotics and biology of this research, are discussed in the light of known information.
Biosynthesis of Gold- and Silver-Incorporated Carbon-Based Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites for the Photodegradation of Textile Dyes and Various Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bopape Dineo A. , Motaung David E. , Hintsho-Mbita Nomso C.
Published: March 2024

Wastewater contaminated with dyes from the textile industry has been at the forefront in the last few decades, thus, it is imperative to find treatment methods that are safe and efficient. In this study, C. benghalensis plant extracts were used to synthesise by mass 20 mg/80 mg zinc oxide–carbon spheres (20/80 ZnO–CSs) nanocomposites, and the incorporation of the nanocomposites with 1% silver (1% Ag–ZnO–CSs) and 1% gold (1% Au–ZnO–CSs) was conducted. The impact of Ag and Au dopants on the morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of these nanocomposites in comparison to 20/80 ZnO–CSs was investigated. TEM, XRD, UV-vis, FTIR, TGA, and BET revealed various properties for these nanocomposites. TEM analysis revealed spherical particles with size distributions of 40–80 nm, 50–200 nm, and 50–250 nm for 1% Ag–ZnO–CSs, 1% Au–ZnO–CSs, and 20/80 ZnO–CSs, respectively. XRD data showed peaks corresponding to Ag, Au, ZnO, and CSs in all nanocomposites. TGA analysis reported a highly thermally stable material in ZnO-CS. The photocatalytic testing showed the 1% Au–ZnO–CSs to be the most efficient catalyst with a 98% degradation for MB textile dye. Moreover, 1% Au–ZnO–CSs also exhibited high degradation percentages for various pharmaceuticals. The material could not be reused and the trapping studies demonstrated that both OH• radicals and the e− play a crucial role in the degradation of the MB. The photocatalyst in this study demonstrated effectiveness and high flexibility in degrading diverse contaminants.
Top Quark at the New Physics Frontier
Authors: Yazgan Efe , Silva Pedro
Published: March 2024

This Special Issue of Universe is devoted to the most massive fundamental elementary particle known, the top quark [...]
Daytime Changes in Tear Film Parameters and Visual Acuity with New-Generation Daily Disposable Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses—A Double-Masked Study in Symptomatic Subjects
Authors: Macedo-de-Araújo Rute J. , Rico-del-Viejo Laura , Martin-Montañez Vicente , Queirós António , González-Méijome José M.
Published: March 2024

This prospective, double-masked, contralateral study aimed to analyze and compare daytime changes in pre-lens tear film (PLTF) stability and optical quality in symptomatic subjects wearing two contact lenses (CL). A secondary goal was to assess the performance of the PLTF by using dynamic topography techniques and analyzing surface asymmetry and irregularity indexes (SAI and SRI, respectively). Measurements were conducted on 20 symptomatic subjects (OSDI score > 13). Participants were fitted contralaterally and randomly with spherical Delefilcon A and Stenfilcon A CLs and underwent a series of measurements over 3 consecutive days: three in the morning (after 1–2 h of CL wear) and three in the afternoon (after 7–9 h of CL wear). High- and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA, respectively), pre-lens NIBUT, and dynamic topography were assessed. The contralateral fit of the two lenses allowed a direct and better comparison between them since they were exposed to the same conditions during the day. Consequently, both lenses demonstrated similar performance in HCVA, LCVA, and PLTF stability, with no statistically significant differences between them, although some fluctuations were observed throughout the day. Dynamic topography proved sensitive in evaluating temporal changes in the PLTF. The SRI index showed greater sensitivity to topographic changes due to lacrimal destabilization, making it potentially valuable for evaluating dry eye patients.
Magnetic Field Analysis and Development of Disk Axial–Radial Hybrid Excitation Generator for Range Extenders in Extended-Range Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ma Jianwei
Published: March 2024

Extended-range electric vehicles have both a motor and an engine; the motor is used for driving, and the engine generates electricity via a range extender, which is connected to the motor. The permanent magnet generator is part of the range extender, and the output voltage is controlled by adjusting the engine’s speed; the generator’s rotating speed fluctuates, meaning that the engine’s fuel consumption increases. Meanwhile, considering the limited axial dimension of the range extender, an axial–radial disk hybrid generator that combines excitation is developed, making full use of the radial space; at the same time, the output voltage is adjusted without changing the engine’s speed. In this study, the generator’s magnetic field hybrid principle, the path of permanent magnetic circuit, and the electric excitation magnetic circuit under different loads were analyzed and verified via the finite element method. A comparative analysis method was also used, the technical index of the disk hybrid excitation generator was determined, and the main structural parameters were designed using theoretical calculations. The three-dimensional finite element model was established based on the results, and a finite element analysis was performed. An equivalent magnetic circuit model was established, and the formulas of synthetic permeability, leakage permeability, and effective permeability were determined. The finite element method (numerical method) and equivalent magnetic circuit method (analytical method) were used to calculate the synthetic magnetic fields of the air gap, rotor yoke, and rotor teeth under different excitation currents. A comparison between the two methods verified the design utility. The conclusions provide a valuable point of reference for the development of the disk hybrid excitation generator for use in range extenders in extended-range electric vehicles.
Morphology Construction of Molybdenum Doped Nickel Sulfide Electrocatalyst Induced by NH4F to Promote Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Baikai , Li Xiaohui , Liu Maochang
Published: March 2024

Through component regulation and morphological construction, it is of considerable significance to develop high-activity and high-stability electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in electrolytic water. In the hydrothermal process, Mo-doped nickel-based sulfide catalysts (Mo-NiS-Fx) with a variety of morphologies (prisms, rods, flakes, and cones) were created by adding NH4F with varying masses. Among these, the flaky Mo-NiS-F1.2 exhibited exceptional performance towards electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, surpassing most similar catalysts with an overpotential of 79 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 49.8 mV dec−1. Significantly, Mo-NiS-F1.2 maintained its high activity for hydrogen evolution over 60 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, making it suitable for widespread commercial application. According to the experimental findings, an electrocatalyst with a high surface area and a porous structure is better suited to exposing more gas transfer routes and active sites, which would encourage the hydrogen evolution reaction. This study presents a straightforward procedure for creating electrocatalysts with a range of morphologies, which can serve as a model for the creation of catalysts for use in industrial manufacturing.
Peripheral artery disease recognition, diagnosis, and management in general practice in the Republic of Ireland and England: an online survey
Authors: Konya Judit , McDonagh Sinead TJ , Hayes Peter , Debus Sebastian , Aboyans Victor , Clark Christopher E ,   for the EuroPAD investigators
Published: March 2024

Background

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is common and associated with future cardiovascular events. PAD is underdiagnosed, which limits opportunities to address secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is unknown how closely guidelines for detection of PAD are followed in primary care.

Aim

To survey GPs’ attitudes to diagnosis and follow-up of patients with PAD.

Design & setting

Online survey of GPs in England and the Republic of Ireland (RoI).

Method

GPs’ approaches to management of PAD were assessed using likelihood ratings (scales of 0–10) and discrete questions. Findings were summarised as proportions, or median and interquartile ranges (IQR).

Results

In total, 111 responses were analysed; 68 (61%) from England and 43 (39%) from the RoI. Considering a hypothetical patient at risk of PAD, likelihood of GPs enquiring about PAD symptoms (leg pains: 3/10 or erectile dysfunction: 2/10) was low. GPs in the RoI compared with GPs in England more often examined the heart (10/10 versus 7/10) or carotid vessels (5/10 versus 1/10). Lower limb pulses were palpated in response to symptoms or signs of PAD. In England 25% of practitioners, and in the RoI 55% of practitioners, reported that they do not measure ankle-brachial index (ABI).

Conclusion

Currently, detection of PAD is generally triggered by ‘classical’ leg claudication symptoms, while known vascular risk factors appear to elicit little consideration. ABI measurement is not performed by many practitioners, suggesting that a proportion of vascular referrals must be based on history and examination findings alone. Opportunities to recognise PAD are missed.
Digital competence of society as a component of modern public administration
Authors: Storozhenko Lina , Krasnykov Yevgen , Kaganovska Tetyana , Babichev Anatoliy , Rossikhina Halyna
Published: March 2024

Today, digital transformation covers all areas of human activity, including the public administration sector. At the same time, the effectiveness of reforms in this area largely depends on society’s digital competence, which determines people’s ability to use innovative products and services. The study aims to analyse the impact of society’s digital competence on developing e-government as a component of digital public administration. The study used statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. It was found that there is a significant or high correlation between the level of the population’s digital competence and the development of e-government. Assessment of the impact of separate indicators characterising the citizens’ digital competence on the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) revealed that approximately 74.54% of the variation in this indicator can be explained through the used independent variables, namely, “Digital Skills among Population”, “Global Science and Technology Skills” and “E-Participation Index”. The novelty of the research is to quantify the impact of citizens’ digital competence on the level of e-government development in European countries. Government officials can use the results to further develop strategies and measures to improve digital public administration.
Digital transformation, environmental protection, and technology competence: An integrated analysis of sustainability preferences
Authors: Alshammari Abdulhamid F.
Published: March 2024

In the contemporary global landscape, the pursuit of environmental sustainability has become paramount, prompting organizations to rethink their strategies and operations. This study investigates the intricate relationships between digital transformation, technology competence, environmental protection, and sustainability preferences. It examines five key hypotheses to unravel the complex dynamics among these variables. The research employs a robust methodology, utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to scrutinize the research model. Data is gathered from 243 participants occupying diverse roles. Structured surveys, incorporating established scales, are administered to these select participants. The results offer a nuanced understanding of the relationships under investigation. Digital transformation is revealed to significantly impact organizations' sustainability preferences, indicating the transformative potential of technology adoption. Additionally, technology competence emerges as a pivotal factor, significantly moderating this relationship, highlighting the importance of organizational proficiency in leveraging digital tools for sustainable practices. Furthermore, the mediation effect of environmental protection is found to be non-significant within the specific context of this study. These findings have profound implications for both theory and practice, emphasizing the need for strategic investment in technology competence development, fostering holistic sustainability integration, and considering direct sustainability strategies.
Avaliação da qualidade do sono de estudantes de medicina do Centro Universitário UNIFACIG por meio do índice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh (PSQUI)
Authors: Marques Kétlyn Miranda , Rocha Júlia Saraiva , De Almeida Natália Rocha , Oliveira Cíntia Closs , Miranda Lohany Horsts Stock , Da Silva Juliana Santiago
Published: March 2024

O sono ideal é marcado por vários estágios e pode contribuir com a fixação da memória, processos imunológicos e hormonais. Nesse sentido, entende-se que noites mal dormidas podem ter efeitos negativos, prejudicando o desempenho de algumas funções. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a percepção subjetiva da qualidade do sono dos estudantes do curso de Medicina por meio do Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQUI). Trata-se de um estudo analítico transversal envolvendo estudantes de Medicina de todos os períodos do Centro Universitário da cidade de Manhuaçu (MG) que foram convidados para responder um questionário online relativo ao PSQUI. Dos 92 alunos estudados, 77,17% apresentaram padrão de sono ao final do PSQUI com distúrbio ou ruim, esses parâmetros se mostraram mais elevados no sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos e durante o ciclo básico. Não houve interferência significativa da prática de exercício físico e alimentação no padrão de sono.  Quanto aos componentes do PSQUI: não se obteve alterações significativas na latência, eficiência, percepção subjetiva da qualidade do sono e no uso de medicações para dormir. Em relação a duração do sono, somente 28,26% dormiam mais de 7 horas por noite, 91,30% apresentaram disfunção diurna e 95, 65% apresentaram algum tipo de distúrbio relacionado ao sono. Portanto, fazem-se necessárias medidas de promoção à saúde que visem o bem estar físico e mental dos estudantes contribuindo, assim, para uma melhor qualidade do sono.
Perfil epidemiológico das internações por Sífilis Congênita no Brasil de Janeiro de 2018 a Novembro de 2023
Authors: Da Silva Tisiane Bezerra , Martins Maria Eduarda Freitas , Santos Mylena Kethlen Silveira , De Lima Letícia Louise Sousa , Lessa Larissa Karoline Cavalcante , Tenório Emanuelle Costa Pereira Tavares , Fachin Laércio Pol
Published: March 2024

A sífilis congênita corresponde a uma doença infectocontagiosa, transmitida por via placentária, que pode cursar com graves consequências, como o óbito fetal ou até mesmo sequelas permanentes ao feto. Condição evitável, tendo em vista o rápido diagnóstico e o fácil acesso ao tratamento materno, em qualquer unidade de atenção primária. Representa uma das infecções perinatais mais frequentes no território nacional, tendo nesse aspecto a importância do seu estudo epidemiológico. Este é um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, cujos dados foram colhidos por meio de consulta ao DATASUS, no endereço eletrônico http://www.datasus.gov.br. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados e registrados em novas tabelas, distribuídos no período de janeiro de 2018 a novembro de 2023. O total do número de internações por sífilis congênita no Brasil, nesse período, foi de 114.799, sendo o atendimento de urgência 98% do total. A região Sudeste e o sexo feminino apresentaram maior prevalência, bem como, a cor/raça parda, com 45% do total de pacientes diagnosticados com sífilis congênita. Em relação à taxa de mortalidade, a região Norte apresentou valores superiores quando comparados às demais regiões.
Nem favela, nem rua: relato de caso e revisão sistemática sobre saúde e ocupações urbanas
Authors: Silva Lais Flávia , Modesto Antônio Augusto Dall’Agnol , Da Silva Marcela Maria Hypólito
Published: March 2024

Introdução: Embora o direito à moradia seja reconhecido pela Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, milhares de pessoas, no Brasil e no mundo, se encontram alojadas inadequadamente. Desde o início do século XX, há movimentos em prol de melhores condições de moradia; em São Paulo, eles tiveram início na década de 1970 e se ampliaram a partir dos anos 1990, quando houve um aumento na ocupação de prédios vazios na capital paulista. Existe uma relação concreta entre qualidade da habitação e a saúde física, mental e social de seus habitantes, e o célebre modelo de Dahlgren e Whitehead aponta a habitação como um determinante social de saúde. A experiência dos autores em um projeto de extensão em uma ocupação urbana mostrou características diferentes da situação de rua ou da moradia em favela. Objetivos: Apresentar um projeto de extensão realizado em um prédio ocupado em São Paulo/SP e revisar a produção internacional sobre a saúde e o adoecimento de pessoas vivendo em ocupações urbanas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, baseada em artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2021, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, nas bases de dados Pubmed, BVS e Scielo, totalizando 24 descritores nos três idiomas. Resultados: Os portais Scielo e BVS não mostraram nenhum resultado para nenhum dos termos buscados. A pesquisa no Pubmed gerou 12 resultados para os termos em inglês e nenhum resultado para os outros dois idiomas.  Ainda assim, nenhuma dessas publicações tinha como cenário ou discutia a saúde ou adoecimento de pessoas vivendo em ocupações urbanas. Publicações científicas e oficiais e observações do projeto de extensão nos permitiram elaborar uma tabela comparativa entre a situação de rua, as moradias instáveis (ocupações) e os aglomerados subnormais (favelas), envolvendo categorias como estrutura, privacidade, acesso à saúde e adoecimentos mais comuns. Conclusão: A ausência de produção científica nacional e estrangeira envolvendo os termos pesquisados pode evidenciar um desinteresse nessa população ou o desconhecimento de suas particularidades. Nossa revisão é um convite a pesquisadores em Atenção Primária à Saúde e Medicina de Família e Comunidade e sugere uma tarefa aos organizadores de compêndios da especialidade. Nossa discussão pode estimular e municiar estudantes e profissionais interessados no cuidado de pessoas vivendo em ocupações urbanas.
Hérnia de Littré estrangulada tratada com diverticulectomia via inguinotomia e colocação de tela livre de tensão: um relato de caso
Authors: Ceccatto Luiz Felipe Lima , Chalub Sidney Raimundo Silva , Filizzola Paulo Antonio Martins , Bezerra Amanda dos Reis , Rebelo Vangelis Basílio , Laulate Edgar Ramirez
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A hérnia de Littré, uma entidade rara, é uma complicação do divertículo de Meckel, a principal anomalia do trato gastrointestinal. O quadro clínico pode se assemelhar ao de uma hérnia com conteúdo intestinal normal, sendo de difícil diagnóstico, e o tratamento é cirúrgico. Relato de Caso: Relatamos o caso de um jovem, que se apresentou com quadro de abaulamento em região inguinal direita e sinais de irritação peritoneal. Durante tratamento cirúrgico de urgência, foi identificada hérnia de Littré estrangulada, com tratamento totalmente via incisão inguinal, com reparo livre de tensão. Paciente evoluiu bem, sem complicações. Conclusões: A hérnia de Littré necessita de exame cuidadoso do saco herniário no intraoperatório para seu correto diagnóstico e tratamento, devendo o cirurgião estar atento para esta possibilidade diagnóstica.
Síndrome do Esmagamento: manifestações sistêmicas em decorrência do trauma direto
Authors: Encarnação Letícia Solon , Ranha Beatriz Calsolari , Araújo Isadora de Souza , Perez João Ricardo Nogueira , Peralta Laura de Almeida , De Medeiros Taminy Faria , Cardoso Wadyla Thaís Oliveira , Amer Shadya Teixeira
Published: March 2024

A síndrome do esmagamento é uma condição médica grave, com manifestações sistêmicas complexas, comum em situações de desastres, acidentes industriais, e traumas diretos prolongados. Caracteriza-se pela liberação maciça de substâncias intracelulares, como mioglobina, potássio e fosfato na corrente sanguínea, desencadeando uma cadeia de eventos patológicos graves, incluindo insuficiência renal aguda, desequilíbrios eletrolíticos, acidose metabólica e distúrbios de coagulação. Este artigo realizou uma revisão sistemática da literatura, visando explorar as manifestações sistêmicas da síndrome do esmagamento, e como estas influenciam o prognóstico e a abordagem terapêutica dos pacientes. Através da análise de estudos significativos, ressaltou-se a importância da identificação precoce das manifestações sistêmicas e da implementação de uma abordagem terapêutica holística e adaptativa. Contudo, a revisão também evidenciou uma notável escassez de estudos focados especificamente nas manifestações sistêmicas isoladas da condição, sublinhando uma área crítica de necessidade na pesquisa.
Impacto da RED-S na saúde óssea: avaliação da densidade mineral óssea e risco de fraturas em atletas de resistência
Authors: Heckert Victor Hugo , Oliveira Daniella Campos , Camelo Sabrina Soares , Quental Filho Antonio Ricardo Torres , Katayama Luciana Maria
Published: March 2024

Este artigo visa sintetizar e analisar os trabalhos mais relevantes internacionalmente sobre o impacto da Síndrome de Deficiência de Energia Relativa no Esporte (RED-S) na saúde óssea, particularmente no que diz respeito à densidade mineral óssea e ao risco de fraturas em atletas de resistência. Através da análise crítica de pesquisas atuais, procura-se compreender como a RED-S pode afetar adversamente a saúde óssea dos atletas e estratégias potenciais para mitigar esses riscos.
Casos de tétano acidental no estado da Bahia no período de 2007 a 2019
Authors: De Carvalho Amanda Oliveira , De Farias Hannah Gomes , Agareno Luiza Andrade , Feitosa Marina Domingues , Antunes Thais Guimarães Calasãs , Duarte Meirelayne Borges
Published: March 2024

Introdução: O tétano é uma doença infecciosa, não contagiosa, causada pelo bacilo Clostridium tetani, e que, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos e de assistência hospitalar, ainda representa um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo observacional, do tipo série temporal, cujo objetivo foi analisar os casos de tétano acidental no estado da Bahia entre 2007 e 2019, identificando algumas variáveis que possam estar associadas à incidência, como evolução, ano de notificação, raça, sexo e faixa etária. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Sistema Único de Saúde (Sinan/SUS) através do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Resultados: Dentre os 254 casos de tétano acidental analisados, o ano com o maior número de casos notificados foi 2011 (36), e o menor número de casos foi em 2018 (9). O sexo masculino apresentou-se como o grupo mais atingido pela doença (89,4%). Quanto à faixa etária, constatou-se que a mais atingida foi entre 40-59 anos, equivalendo a 106 casos (41,7%). Ocorreu prevalência de notificações na raça parda (79,7%), seguida pela raça preta (12%), e por fim a raça branca (8,2%). Conclusão: Apesar dos altos índices de letalidade, essa doença é passível de prevenção, reforça-se portanto a importância de ações de imunoprofilaxia do Tétano, principalmente ao público masculino e outros grupos mais afetados, tendo em vista um déficit no âmbito da prevenção primária desse agravo de saúde pública, a qual privilegia crianças, gestantes e idosos.
Abordagem multiprofissional no manejo da obesidade
Authors: Caldera Daniela Roca , Gonçalves Letícia Correia , Patrocínio Jonas Barros , Borges Vinicius Nascimento Aguiar , Dias Ruy Emílio Dornelles , Cordeiro Frederico Lima , Michielin Mariane de Castro
Published: March 2024

A obesidade é um importante fator de risco para diversas doenças crônicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, metabólicas e funcionais. Além disso, compreender que a doença em questão nasce a partir de diversos fatores, muitas vezes interdependentes, como o fator emocional, funcional, social, cultural, comportamental, biológico e genético, é fator importante para seu manejo e abordagem multiprofissional visando melhor prognóstico ao paciente. Metodologia: O presente estudo trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica com a utilização da estratégia PICO utilizando as bases de pesquisa: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e EBSCOhost, nas seguintes bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (Medline via PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Google Acadêmico. Utilizaram-se os descritores oficiais DECs: doença crônica/chronic disease; obesidade/obesity. Revisão: A obesidade faz parte de um amplo fator de risco para diversas doenças crônicas e está presente nos critérios diagnósticos da síndrome metabólica. Além disso, possui fatores psíquicos relacionados não só na predisposição da doença, mas também no seu enfrentamento durante todo o tratamento, necessitando do apoio biopsicossocial. Conclusão: Tomando como base os fatores de risco que foram levantados nos estudos, é possível dizer que há a importante necessidade da abordagem multiprofissional para melhor resultado no tratamento e conduta do paciente, visto o aumento progressivo da incidência e prevalencia da doença em âmbito mundial.
Os efeitos antineoplásicos do canabidiol no Câncer de Mama
Authors: Anéas Fabrício Leal Albiero , Salvadori Maria Letícia Baptista
Published: March 2024

O câncer de mama é o tipo de câncer mais comum entre as mulheres, sendo mais raro e mais agressivo quando ocorre antes dos 35 anos, e mais presente a partir dos 50 anos. No Brasil estima-se uma prevalência e risco de desenvolvimento do câncer de mama de 61 casos a cada 100000 mulheres. As neoplasias malignas de mama originam-se principalmente de mutação genética em células somáticas e dividem-se em carcinoma mamário ductal in situ, carcinoma mamário ductal invasivo ou carcinoma mamário lobular invasivo, podendo conter receptores para estrógeno, progesterona, ambos ou nenhum dos dois. O corpo humano contém um sistema endocanabinóide que atua na homeostase a partir da anandamida (AEA) e 2-araquidonoilglicerol (2-AG). Atualmente, há um crescente esforço para estudo do cannabis sativa, planta que contém fitocanabinóides (THC, CBD, CBN, CBG, CBDV) semelhantes aos endógenos e que desempenham efeito semelhante no corpo humano. À luz das neoplasias de mama, percebe-se uma hiperexpressão de receptores canabinóides o que fomenta a hipótese da possível interferência destes compostos no processo de carcinogênese visando o melhor prognóstico. A presente revisão visa resumir, de forma sucinta, os conhecimentos adquiridos sobre o tema com um foco especial na interferência do canabidiol (CBD) na apoptose e morte das células neoplásicas de mama. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada a partir da base de dados do PubMed com levantamento de 18 artigos, utilizando os descritores Cannabis; Medicinal Marijuana; Breast Cancer, mais os seus respectivos sinônimos, publicados no período de 2010 a 2023. Ao final, foram selecionados 8 estudos para a síntese, de acordo com a adequação ao tema, utilizando critérios de exclusão e inclusão. O CBD apresenta ações anti-proliferativas, pró-apoptóticas, citotóxicas, anti-invasivas, anti-angiogênicas, anti-inflamatórias e imunomodulatórias. Primeiramente, os efeitos anti-inflamatórios podem ser explicados a partir da ação de modulação imunológica do canabidiol inibindo o AMPc e consequentemente a secreção de IL-1, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alfa e IFN-gama, importantes citocinas pró-inflamatórias, pró-metastáticas e anti-apoptóticas. Para além deste efeito o canabidiol induz apoptose e morte celular das células do carcinoma mamário a partir da ativação da ceramida e caspase 8, mas principalmente a partir da indução do estresse do retículo endoplasmático, pelo receptor CB2, inibindo AKT/mTOR com consequente aumento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e intoxicação celular. Dessa forma, entende-se que in vitro o CBD apresenta importantes efeitos apoptóticos em células neoplásicas malignas mamárias com receptores e vias bem definidas. Portanto, vê-se uma janela de oportunidade e de necessidade para o fomento de mais pesquisas a fim de descobrir a extensão dos benefícios do uso de tal técnica no tratamento do câncer de mama, bem como de seus efeitos colaterais.
Uso da espinheira santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) no tratamento de pacientes portadores de transtornos gastrointestinais
Authors: Barbosa Edivan da Silva , Da Silva Édipo Lamartine , Amorim Juliana Santos , Guerra Junior José Israel
Published: March 2024

A Maytenus ilicifolia, conhecida como espinheira-santa, no tratamento de transtornos gastrointestinais, com foco na gastrite. Essa planta é reconhecida por suas propriedades medicinais, incluindo ação antiúlcera, anti-inflamatória e antioxidante devido a compostos como flavonóides e taninos. A pesquisa examina a relevância cultural e científica da espinheira-santa, destacando sua eficácia no tratamento da gastrite e outros distúrbios gastrointestinais. A investigação foi realizada utilizando artigos científicos provenientes de fontes de grande relevância no cenário acadêmico, como BVS, MEDLINE e LILACS, abrangendo um intervalo temporal compreendido entre 2013 e 2023. Também aborda a segurança e as precauções no uso da planta, como interações medicamentosas e contra indicações. Conclui-se que a espinheira-santa é uma opção eficaz, embora seu uso exija cautela e supervisão médica devido a possíveis riscos e variações individuais. Portanto, destaca-se a importância de farmacêuticos e profissionais de saúde conhecerem essa erva fitoterápica para auxiliar na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, embora se deva estar ciente de que a pesquisa sobre seu uso ainda está em andamento.
PPIB Unveiled: A Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Exploration Unraveling Immunological Signatures and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Ouyang Yan , Dai Qi , Lai Shengming , Huang Haiyan , Huang Yongsheng , Ren Shuwei
Published: March 2024

Background: Peptidylprolyl isomerase B (PPIB) has been shown to play an essential role in tumor initiation and progression. However, it lacks systematic analysis and evaluation of the effect of PPIB on pan-cancer.
Methods: The expression profile and survival analysis of PPIB in tumor tissues were demonstrated by the TIMER2.0, GEPIA2.0, and UALCAN online tools. The cBioportal, GSCA, TISDB, and TIMER2.0 databases were applied to analyze the correlation between PPIB and genetic variation, immune infiltration, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), respectively. The STRING, GEPIA2.0, and TIMER2.0 databases were used to identify the co-expressed genes of PPIB. The DAVID online database was used for GO and KEGG pathway analysis.
Results: PPIB was highly expressed in 20 types of tumors. Upregulation of PPIB was associated with a poor prognosis of 6 types of tumors (P<0.05). In most cancers, the frequency of PPIB genetic variation is relatively low, and the common mutation types are missense mutations and splices.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected rice phosphate transporter (OsPHT) genes
Authors: Teh Chui Yao , Lee Rattanak Sambath , Hasan Kamariah , Wong Clement Kiing Fook
Published: March 2024

Phosphorus (P) is one of the fundamental elements for plant growth and development. Due to the scarcity of viable P in the soil for plants, P deficiency was often the culprit that restrained plant’s wellbeing. Plasma membrane phosphate transporters (PHT) are a group of proteins responsible for phosphate (Pi) uptake from soil and further allocation to plant organs and tissues. The PHT can be further categorized into constitutively expressed low-affinity Pi transporter or high-affinity Pi transporter that are induced upon Pi starvation. Significant variability in P use efficiency has been observed among different rice varieties. Genotypic differences such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be responsible for the variation observed aside from the well-studied phenotypic responses. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the SNPs in OsPHT genes remain unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse and profile the SNPs in five selected high affinity OsPHT genes which are responsible for P uptake under P deficiency. The SNPs mining was conducted using Rice SNP-Seek Database against 3024 rice varieties with Oryza sativa japonica cultivar Nipponbare as the reference sequence. Results showed that a total of zero, seven, three, one and ten non-synonymous SNPs was identified in OsPHT1;2, OsPHT1;3, OsPHT1;6, OsPHT1;9 and OsPHT1;10, respectively. A base substitution of C to A at position 16028497 of chromosome 10 of OsPHT1;3 was found to change tyrosine to a stop codon. This could result in a truncated protein which has only 213 amino acids as compared 526 amino acids in the complete protein. The large number of non-synonymous SNPs in OsPHT1;10 could explain the redundant function of this gene in the translocation and uptake of P in rice. In short, the identified SNPs especially the non-synonymous SNPs could potentially disrupt the biosynthesis of phosphate in rice which requires further investigation.
Competencias digitales en estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la UNLP. Análisis y desarrollo.
Authors: Nóbile Cecilia , Odriozola Julieta
Published: March 2024

El planteo del problema se centra en la necesidad de abordar las competencias digitales en estudiantes universitarios en un mundo digital y globalizado. Se destaca que la educación debe adaptarse a este entorno y preparar a los estudiantes para la sociedad del conocimiento. La investigación se realiza en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y busca responder preguntas sobre el nivel de competencias digitales de los estudiantes, cómo las desarrollan y cómo la universidad puede contribuir a su desarrollo.

La propuesta metodológica incluye un diagnóstico inicial a través de encuestas y grupos focales, seguido de la implementación de estrategias de desarrollo de competencias digitales. Se basa en el concepto de competencias digitales, que abarcan aspectos tecnológicos, informacionales y actitudinales. La investigación utiliza el marco DigComp de la Comisión Europea para evaluar las competencias digitales de los estudiantes.

Si bien no se presentan resultados concretos, se anticipa que la investigación permitirá diseñar intervenciones efectivas para mejorar las competencias digitales de los estudiantes universitarios en la FCE UNLP.
Sosialisasi Pendidikan Kebencanaan Pada Peserta Didik Santri Dayah Tahfidz Annisa Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Amir Astiah , Veranita Veranita , Supardi Joli , Fazlina Rita , Idris Fadli
Published: March 2024

Socializing disaster education in schools is crucial to prevent and reducing disaster risk. Not only need to be delivered to formal education and non-formal educational institutions. This is in line with the Regulation of the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency No. 4 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Disaster Safe Schools/Madrasahs. One of them is education in Dayah Tahfiz Annisa. In Dayah Tahfidz, Annisa consists of students for elementary to high school children. The students in Dayah still do not understand the science of disaster education. The methods used in disaster education learning are ICT, Example Non Example, and Question & Answer. The result is that the students have increased knowledge of disaster response, awareness, and resilience. Socialization about disaster education that is adapted to the content of boarding schools. So far, the students in Dayah still do not understand the science of disaster education. The methods used in disaster education learning are ICT, Example Non-Example, and Q&A. the result is that the students have increased knowledge of disaster response, disaster awareness, and disaster resilience.
Pengadopsian Wilayah Bebas dari Korupsi dan Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih dan Melayani oleh Kelurahan Bumi Ayu
Authors: Adni Dita Fisdian , Abdillah Satrio , Herawati Yulia
Published: March 2024

Wilayah Bebas Dari Korupsi (WBK) and Wilayah Birokrasi Bersih Dan Melayani (WBBM) is a predicate given to units/work units in Local Government with as low as echelon III that perform service functions. The term WBK or WBBM is not wrong if it is adopted by government units / work units in echelon IV, namely Urban Village because Urban Village is a work unit that also provides services to the community. In the adoption of WBK and WBBK independently in Bumi Ayu Urban Village, Dumai subdistrict, Dumai city, there are several problems. The first is that almost all employees and office holders in Bumi Ayu Urban Village do not understand the meaning of WBK or WBBM. The next problem is the service mechanism that does not meet the standards of WBK and WBBM. The method used in this community service is to provide counseling and assistance to the Bumi Ayu Urban Village government apparatus. It can be concluded that counseling and assistance on the adoption of WBK and WBBM in Bumi Ayu Urban Village in an effort to improve services to the community runs successfully and smoothly and Bumi Ayu Urban Village officials increasingly understand the importance of the predicate of WBK and WBBM.
Efek Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza dan Kosentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.)
Authors: Muyasir Muyasir , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Husna Rika
Published: March 2024

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) is one of the world's most important food crops besides wheat and rice, because corn is the second source of carbohydrates after rice. One of the efforts to increase national corn production is through fertilization. The continuous use of inorganic fertilizers such as NPK can cause the balance of nutrients in the soil to be disturbed, so that growth is disrupted and productivity decreases. To overcome these problems and constraints, one of the efforts made is the use of biological fertilizers, one of which is mycorrhizal biological fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer. This research aimed to determine the effect of the dosage of mycorrhizae biological fertilizer and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer and to determine whether there is an interaction between the treatment dosage of mycorrhizal biological fertilizer and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn. This research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, which took place from March to May 2021. This research used a 4x3 factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that the dosage of mycorrhizal biofertilizer 15 g/plant was better for the growth and yield of sweet corn, the better growth and yield of sweet corn was found in the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer 45 ml/L of water, there was no significant interaction between the dosage of biofertilizer mycorrhizae and concentration of liquid organic fertilizer on all parameters.
Komposisi, Struktur dan Cadangan Karbon pada Agroforestri Kopi Arabika di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, Aceh
Authors: Fajri Maulidil , Wijayanto Nurheni , Hilwan Iwan
Published: March 2024

Carbon stocks indicates the amount of CO2 that is absorbed and stored in plant biomass coffee, shade trees, undergrowth and litter. Objective research is to analyze the species composition and structure of vegetation and determine the amount of biomass, carbon stocks and CO2 uptake aboveground part in both types of coffee agroforestry with non-destructive methods, using allometric equation, in Central Aceh district. The location of the plot was determined by purposive sampling based on the representation of stands. The dominant value of a species in plants is calculated using the important value index (INP). The composition of agroforestry constituents consisted of 34 species, of which 15 species were found in simple agroforestry and 19 species in complex agroforestry. The horizontal structure of agroforestry consists of 5 diameter classes, with vegetation density decreasing continuously in the number of individuals. Carbon stocks agoforestri types of coffee in a simple decrease with an increase in diameter <10 cm and 10-19.99 cm and the complex agroforestry increases. The highest non-coffee carbon reserves are found at growth rates of 10-19.99 cm in simple agroforestry. The total component of the amount of biomass in simple agroforestry (159. 56 tons ha-1) is greater than the agroforestry complex (142.00 tons ha-1). Total CO2 uptake in both types of agroforestry was (520.16 tonsCO2 ha-1). Total CO2 uptake in simple agroforestry (275.22 tonsCO2 ha-1) was greater than in complex agroforestry (244.94 tonCO2 ha-1).Keywords: arabica coffee, agroforestry, carbon stocks and composition of vegetation
Korelasi Antar Karakter Pertumbuhan dan Hasil lima Genotipe Jagung Manis (Zea mays L.var saccharata)
Authors: Sari Rahayu Eka , Hafsah Siti
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT            This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of growth and yields from five varieties of sweetcorn that is Bonanza, Secada, Royal Sweet, Sweetboy and Manise. The study was carried out in Cot Irie Village, Aceh Besar Regency, from August to November 2017 and using  a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). Each variety replicated 4 times in 20 experimental plots with 20 plants in each plots so obtained 400 experimental plants. Data were analyzed by using  F test and the significant differences were compared using Lowest Small Different test  at probability 5 % ( LSD 0,05 ). The results of research shows differences in growth caracters,  yields and correlation in observed variables. The significant positive correlation is on diameter of stem, number of corncobs, corncobs length, and diameter of corncobs.Keywords: sweetcorn, varieties,  corellation, growth and yields.