bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulphur neutralization by lignite ash: pilot-scale combustion experiments
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K , Bamborough H A
Published: July 2017

A pilot-scale research boiler (750 kg steam/h) was used to study the degree of sulphur neutralization during combustion experiments with three lignites. A series of four closely controlled experiments showed that sulphur balances close to 100% could be
achieved in the pilot-scale system burning Gascoyne lignite; the sulphur retained in solid phase residues varied between 21% and 24% of the input sulphur. With Utility lignite, external recirculation of flue gas was moderately effective in reducing nitric oxide emissions, but led to
increased carry-over of unburnt carbon. However, sulphur dioxide neutralization by coal-ash cations remained essentially unchanged as the recirculation ratio increased. Enhancement of sulphur neutralization by dry lime addition to Poplar River lignite was effective only at addition rates above lime
by weight. The effectiveness of the lime was found to increase as the excess-air level increased.
Performance of compressed wood briquettes in wood stoves: a preliminary evaluation
Authors: Hayden A C S
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses preliminary test results on the relative performance of a representative dry hardwood, maple, and compressed wood briquettes in three wood stove types. Two airtight stoves and one non-airtight. Franklin stoves were used. In the airtight box
stove, the briquettes tended to lead to greater hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than for the maple, indicating more incomplete combustion. In the airtight (Scandinavian) baffled stove, no significant performance difference was observed between the two fuels. A potential fire hazard arose
with the non-airtight stove, with uncontrollably high flue gas temperatures. As a consequence, it is recommended that the briquettes not be used in a non-airtight stove.
An evaluation of water in fuel oil emulsions in a small package boiler
Authors: Whaley H , Savignac D G
Published: July 2017

A series of tests to evaluate water in fuel oil emulsions were conducted in a small package boiler using No. 2 distillate and No. 6 residual fuel oils as reference fuels. During the tests, each of which were of at least 2 hours duration, SO 2 , NO, and soxt
emission were measured along with relevant combustion performance parameters.
Effect of wood stove design on performance
Authors: Hayden A C S , Braaten R W
Published: July 2017

Using an indirect stack loss method to measure efficiency and performance characteristics, the Canadian Combustion Research Laboratory (CCRL) has carried out a series of experiments on wood-fired space heaters (stoves). A good stove design should allow the heater
to run a majority of the time at a reasonably low-excess air level and flue gas temperature without producing excessive emissions of incomplete combustion products. Results on five different stove types show that a fireplace or non-airtight stove is very inefficient and can have high emissions,
while a well-designed and well-constructed airtight stove may have efficiencies as high as 77%. In particular, sidedraft designs and, to a lesser extent, horizontal baffle designs appear to offer potential for higher efficiencies and lower emissions than other stove
types.
Selective separation and identification of olefins in petroleum and synthetic fuel naphtha
Authors: Poirier M A , George A E
Published: July 2017

An effective analytical procedure for the selective separation and identification of olefins in petroleum and synthetic fuel naphtha is described. The method Ls based on the specific and quantitative conversion of olefins to alcohols by the
hydroboration-oxidation reaction. The latter selectively converts olefins to alcohols which are subsequently separated from the hydrocarbon mixture by chromatography on alumina. Conversion of the olefin to alcohols was monitored by proton magnetic resonance (PMR). A gas chromatograph interfaced with
a quadrupole mass spectrometer (CC-MS) was used to identify the individual alcohols, using retention indices of pure compounds as well as library search data. Structural assignment to the parent olefins is based on the stereochemistry of the hydroboration reaction. The procedure was applied to two
synthetic fuel naphthas produced by thermal and catalytic processing of the Lloydminster heavy oil. Results indicate that the olefins are produced during processing. The olefins of the catalytic naphtha are of predominantly higher average molecular weight (C7 -C 10 ) than the thermal naphtha (C 5 -C
8 ). Chemical configurations have been ' assigned for twenty-four different olefins in both products
Cokemaking with preheated Canadian coals
Authors: Gransden J F , Price J T , Leeder W R
Published: July 2017

Three western Canadian medium-volatile coals, an eastern Canadian high-volatile coal and two blends of these coals were coked in the Koppers oven under three different conditions :- 1. Wet charge, coal contained 5-6% moisture 2. Air-dry charge, coal contained
1-2% moisture 3. Preheated charge, coal heated to 160-210°C. Preheating increased productivity by 23-30% compared to wet charging and by 7-17% compared to air-dry charging. The coal bulk density in the oven was higher and the coke stronger for preheated charges than for wet charges
for all coals and blends. However, although preheated and air-dry charges had similar oven coal bulk densities, preheating decreased the coke strength of the three medium-volatile coal but increased the strength of the high volatile coal and the blends compared to air-dry charging. Further tests on
two coals using different coking rates and charges that were cooled after preheating were carried out in an attempt to explain these differences. It was concluded that differences in the temperature history of the coal in the oven, as found by others, must be largely responsible, but in addition the
method of preheating was found to produce a detrimental change in the properties of the medium volatile coal. The improvements in coke strength and productivity observed for the blends of Canadian coal suggest that preheating may be a suitable technology for the proposed merchant coke oven battery
in Eastern Canada which presumably would use a high percentage of Eastern Canadian Mgh-volatile coal.
Air pollution from domestic wood-burning appliances
Authors: Hayden A C S , Braaten R W
Published: July 2017

Air pollution from wood-fired appliances has become a concern of regulatory authorities in many areas, and has caused some to seriously consider banning their use in certain critical regions. The emissions are due to incomplete combustion, resulting from design
shortfalls in present appliances. Emissions of concern are carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons, including what are known as POM's, (polycyclic organic matter), where known carcinogens have been identified as prime constituents. The levels and problems which can occur from these emissions are
discussed, particularly when compared with alternative energy sources. Performance of some new combustion designs which offer potential to reduce these emissions is presented. Any technique which succeeds in reducing emissions will have two additional benefits: (i) efficiency will be increased; and
(ii) the propensity to produce creosote will be decreased, making the appliances safer to operate. Unless the industry can develop these or other advanced designs in the near future, severe limits are likely to be placed on its growth, due to the potential air pollution
problem.
An atmospheric fluidized bed design study for utilization of coal washery rejects at Coal Valley, Alberta
Authors: Friedrich F D , McDonald M M
Published: July 2017

A study for the utilization of coal washery rejects at Coal Valley, Alberta was undertaken by Luscar Ltd., with Energy, Mines and Resources funding. An atmospheric fluidized bed combustor burning coal washery rejects would replace the present pulverized, clean
coal fired burner which provides heat to the 726 tonne (800 short tons) per hour coal dryer. It would also provide site heating, replacing the propane heaters used at present. The study was undertaken in three phases. In the first phase, Dorr-Oliver Canada was subcontracted to recommend which of the
reject streams would be most practical as a fuel for an FBC facility. They also carried out a conceptual design and budget cost estimate for the FBC equipment. Secondly, a conceptual design and a budget, capital and operating cost estimate of the FBC fired dryer and plant heating system, including
all building and installation costs, was carried out by CSBI Consulting Ltd. In the third phase, Luscar used the capital and operating cost estimates to analyze the economic viability of the proposed project. This report describes the existing Coal Valley plant, the proposed FBC plant design and the
capital and operating cost estimates. It is concluded that, although the use of coal washery rejects is technically feasible, it is not economically viable under the conditions existing at Coal Valley.
The effect of coal quality on the combustion performance of two Canadian thermal coals
Authors: Lee G K , Friedrich F D , Whaley H
Published: July 2017

The expanded use of Canadian thermal coals for electricity generation highly depends on both the composition and quality control of coal. Purchase of off-specification, substitute coals or lack of consistency in supplies of a design coal often cause severe
operational problems in utility boilers. To minimize the risks in utilizing coals with unpredictable burning properties, combustion experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale research boiler to evaluate the influence of changes in coal quality on the combustion, ash deposition and emission
characteristics of two Canadian thermal coals which had not been used previously as a boiler fuel. One, a lignite coal with highly variable ash and moisture content, was highly reactive but required admixing of three different seams to optimize resource recovery. The other, an oxidized bituminous
coal selected for its relatively low reactivity, was successfully burned by blending with a more reactive coal from a different deposit. The pilot-scale trials, by closely simulating utility boiler conditions, provided advance information on potential combustion-related problems prior to commercial
use.
Effects of catalytic hydroprocessing on middle distillates from Athabasca syncrudes
Authors: Wilson M F , Fisher I P , Kriz J F
Published: July 2017

A series of fuel products was generated by secondary hydrotreating a middle distillate fraction cut a synthetic crude oil produced by fluid-bed coking from of Athabasca bitumen. The reactions were carried out over a sulphided nickel-tungsten on alumina catalyst
at severe operating conditions. The ignition quality of fuel products was determined by a series of tests using a standard cetane engine. Jet fuel combustion quality was evaluated by means of a standard smoke point test. The compositional analyses of the fuels were determined by low-resolution mass
spectrometry and aromatic carbon content by 1 3 C n.m.r. Fuel product ignition and combustion properties were related to the concentrations of aromatics and compared with similar relationships obtained for distillates from delayed coking of bitumen. A method for the determination of hydrogen
consumption by mass spectrometry is described and the amount of hydrogen consumed during reaction is correlated with the degree of cetane improvement. The effectiveness of fuel quality enhancement by aromatics saturation is discussed with reference to an alternative upgrading procedure involving
ring-opening of naphthenes.
Kinetic studies of coke formation in hydrocarbon fractions of heavy crudes
Authors: Banerjee D K , Laidler K J , Nandi B N , Patmore D J
Published: July 2017

Different types of bitumens [Athabasca bitumen, topped Athabasca bitumen, Cold Lake heavy oil, and light Arabian vacuum bottoms (pitch)] were separated into five fractions classified as follows: asphaltene, soft resin, hard resin, aromatics and saturates. The
various fractions, and the bitumens themselves, were then kept at temperatures ranging from 395°C to 510°C, under nitrogen and measurements made of the amounts of coke produced as a function of time. The results were analyzed to give rate constants and activation energies for coke (toluene
insoluble) formation. It was found that the rate of coke formation is greater the higher the degree of aromaticity of the feed stock. The results have led to a tentative mechanism for the formation of coke, which appears to be formed by a rapid reaction from large aromatics formed as
intermediates.
The diffusion of liquids in pores
Authors: Ternan M
Published: July 2017

An equation for the diffusion of solute molecules in pores filled with liquids has been developed. It has been found to represent the diffusion of a variety of materials, from simple molecules to fractions of petroleum asphaltenes.
Development of reactivity parameters for characterization of coal in fluidized bed combustion
Authors: Lau I T
Published: July 2017

A new method to measure apparent reactivity, which accounts for all the effects of coal type on reaction kinetics in fluidized bed combustion (FBC), has been developed to characterize and rank various coals according to overall burning rates in a fluidized bed
environment. This method estimates FBC reactivity by means of a parameter called mean carbon conversion time, which can be related to the carbon inventory of practical FBC systems. An easy and rapid experimental technique, which burns coal batchwise in a bench-scale fluidized bed combustor, has been
developed to determine the mean carbon conversion time. This technique was employed to examine five different coals and rank them according to FBC reactivity. To differentiate between devolatilization and char combustion, a turning point on the experimental burning rate curve was used instead of the
common method of observing the volatile flame. Char mean carbon conversion times were also measured and compared. The effects of coal particle size and bed temperature on FBC reactivity and combustion efficiency and the effects of particle fragmentation on experimental results were investigated.
Efforts were made to correlate the FBC reactivity with other coal parameters such as volatile content, carbon content and free swelling index.
Deactivation of fluorinated alumina catalysts in acetylene polymerization
Authors: Allenger V M , Brown J R , McLean D D , Ternan M
Published: July 2017

There has been a significant amount of interest recently in the production of aromatics for use as fuels by polymerization of acetylene. However, this route generally suffers from severe catalyst deactivation. In this study a series of fluorinated alumina
catalysts containing between 0-4.4 wt % F was tested in a tubular flow reactor at 101 kPa. The deactivation of these catalysts was examined as a function of both catalyst properties and processing conditions. The deactivation data were described adequately by an exponential-decay relationship
with two parameters, initial activity, X0 , and decay velocity, kd. An empirical model was developed which describes the effects of the processing conditions on catalyst activity. No differences were observed in the pore structure or in the fluoride contents of the fresh and used catalysts.
Measurements of the catalyst coke content after 1 h and in some cases 4 h on stream revealed between 1 and 8 wt % carbon. Catalyst deactivation was attributed to coke formation. Coke deposition was shown to decrease with increasing fluoride content of the catalysts. Surface analysis by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy revealed preferential siting of carbon at the exterior of the catalyst particle. The carbon profile in the reactor bed was indicative of a parallel deactivation mechanism.
Final report on the comparative combustion properties of raw and washed prince mine coal
Authors: Banks G N , Wong J K , Whaley H
Published: July 2017

The combustion performance of raw Prince mine coal (run of mine) and five levels of cleaned (washed) Prince mine coal was compared with that of a commercially available thermal bituminous coal from Western Canada. Tests were conducted in a pilot-scale pulverized
coal-fired research boiler located at the Energy Research Laboratories in Ottawa. Two of the cleaned coal samples were obtained from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Homer City coal cleaning facility in the USA and the other three were obtained from the CANMET Coal Research Laborabories
coal cleaning facility in Devon, Alberta. Chemical, physical, petrographic and thermogravimetric analyses were performed on samples of the coals. Each of the coals flowed readily through the Energy Research Laboratories pilot-scale conveying and coal-handling system. The coals, which ground readily
to produce a consistent size product from the pulverizer, all ignited easily to produce stable flames at greater than 96% combustion efficiency. The highest combustion efficiencies (>99%) were obtained with the more finely ground coal feeds. Although the two washed coals with the
lowest ash content gave the higher combustion efficiencies, the raw coal, which had the lowest fly ash combustible content, also gave a combustion efficiency greater than 99%. The ash from each of the Prince mine coals was quite fluid and slagged readily in the refractory-lined furnace bottom,
whereas the ash deposits on the water-walls and superheater surfaces were light and powdery and did not constitute a fouling problem. The sulphur content of the coal was not significantly lowered until the ash content of the coal was reduced to less than 7%. A reduction to 2.4% ash resulted
in a 56% reduction in the sulphur content of the coal. This coal sample (containing 1.8% sulphur) burned in the pilot-scale utility boiler to produce a flue gas containing 0.9 g S02 /MJ of fuel input compared with 3.0 g SO2 for the raw coal, both of which are much higher than the current
Canadian national emission guideline.
Coal-in-oil: a substitute boiler fuel
Authors: Lee G K , Brown T D
Published: July 2017

Pilot-scale combustion experiments have demonstrated that mixtures of coal-in-oil can be successfully burned in industrial oil-fired combustion systems. A lignite slurry comprising 33% by weight lignite in No. 2 oil gave combustion efficiencies greater than
90% at excess-air levels above 127. On the other hand,combustion efficiencies of the order of 50% were measured using a reject bituminous coal having a high content of nonreactive fusinite and semi-fusinite macerals. The degree of burn-out of the coal component was strongly dependent on both
the maceral structure of the coal and the aerodynamic patterns in the flame.
Tailored, theory-based strategies for engaging lowincome populations with a personal health record
Authors: Toscos Tammy , D. Wright Maria , Flanagan Mindy E. , Kunjan Kislaya , Olson-Miller Amy , Doebbeling Bradley N.
Published: July 2017

There remain significant barriers to the use of personal health records (PHRs), which limit potential benefits in underserved patient populations. Novel strategies must be developed to achieve the desired impact of PHRs on patient engagement and health outcomes. This paper describes the health information needs and technology preferences of adults seeking care in Community Health Centers (CHCs), which provide care to low-income, uninsured and underinsured patients. We offer design suggestions emerging from interviews with 43 CHC patients and 49 CHC staff members that explored many themes including: patient barriers to accessing health care, health information needs of patients between clinic visits, patient and clinic staff preferences for technology use, and PHR implementation approaches used in CHCs. Our findings provide a roadmap to greater engagement of patients via PHRs by expanding functionality, providing tailored patient messaging, and incorporating adult learning strategies.
Using design fictions as a tool for engaging citizens in debating future pervasive health systems and services
Authors: Tsekleves E. , Darby A. , Whicher A. , Swiatek P.
Published: July 2017

The benefits provided by health-related technologies are often counterbalanced by the societal, legal and ethical challenges connected with the pervasive monitoring of people, as necessitated by such technological interventions. Through the ProtoPolicy research project we explored the co-creation and use of design fictions as a tool for open debate of pervasive health systems. Design fictions were co-created and tested in a series of design workshops with community groups in the UK. A thematic analysis of a debate among older people on a smart home and assisted living design fiction highlighted societal and ethical issues relevant to personal and pervasive health system design. We conclude that ethics, like ‘usability’, may be usefully based on engagement with directly or indirectly implicated publics and should not be designed into innovation by experts alone.
Satellite retrievals of dust aerosol over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf (2005–2015)
Authors: Banks Jamie R. , Brindley Helen E. , Stenchikov Georgiy , Schepanski Kerstin
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The inter-annual variability of the dust aerosol presence over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf is analysed over the period 2005–2015. Particular attention is paid to the variation in loading across the Red Sea, which has previously been shown to have a strong, seasonally dependent latitudinal gradient. Over the 11 years considered, the July mean 630 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) varies between 0.48 and 1.45 in the southern half of the Red Sea. In the north, the equivalent variation is between 0.22 and 0.66. The temporal and spatial pattern of variability captured by SEVIRI is also seen in AOD retrievals from the MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), but there is a systematic offset between the two records. Comparisons of both sets of retrievals with ship- and land-based AERONET measurements show a high degree of correlation with biases of  <  0.08. However, these comparisons typically only sample relatively low aerosol loadings. When both records are stratified by AOD retrievals from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), opposing behaviour is revealed at high MISR AODs ( >  1), with offsets of +0.19 for MODIS and −0.06 for SEVIRI. Similar behaviour is also seen over the Persian Gulf. Analysis of the scattering angles at which retrievals from the SEVIRI and MODIS measurements are typically performed in these regions suggests that assumptions concerning particle sphericity may be responsible for the differences seen.
Bias caused by water adsorption in hourly PM measurements
Authors: Kiss Gyula , Imre Kornélia , Molnár Ágnes , Gelencsér András
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Beta-attenuation monitors are used worldwide to monitor PM mass concentration with high temporal resolution. Hourly PM10 and PM2. 5 dry mass concentrations are publicly available with the tacit assumption that water is effectively removed prior to the measurement. However, as both the filter material of the monitor and the aerosol particles are capable of retaining a significant amount of water even at low relative humidities, the basic assumption may not be valid, resulting in significant bias in reported PM10 and PM2. 5 concentrations. Here we show that in PM10 measurement, particle-free air can produce apparent hourly average PM concentrations in the range of −13–+21 µg m−3 under conditions of fluctuating relative humidity. Positive and negative apparent readings are observed with increasing and decreasing relative humidities, respectively. Similar phenomena have been observed when the instrument filter was previously loaded with atmospheric aerosol. As a result the potential measurement biases in hourly readings arising from the interaction with water may be in the range of −53… + 69 %.
Automatic detection of Sfe: a proposal
Authors: Curto Juan José , Marsal Santiago , Creci Gastón , Domingo Gemma
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Solar flare effects (Sfe's) are rapid magnetic variations related to the enhancement of the amount of radiation produced during solar flare events. For several minutes, the ionosphere is activated and electron densities, electrical conductivities and electric currents are enhanced. The magnetic signature of a flare is visible in the illuminated hemisphere, and sometimes it shows up as small crochet-like movements in the magnetograms. However, regarding their detection using an automatized procedure, they have been very elusive because their small amplitude, which is close to the level of noise produced by other natural phenomena, and their highly variable irregular shapes make it extremely difficult to apply predesigned patterns. In this paper, we summarize the difficulties that Sfe detection presents and explain a line of work we initiated to overcome these difficulties with the goal of achieving a system capable of performing automatic detection. Some properties of Sfe's, including spherical symmetry around the vortex and different time durations between Sfe's and other natural variations, were used to construct an index allowing us to detect Sfe's.
Two databases derived from BGC-Argo float measurements for
biogeochemical and bio-optical applications at the global scale
Authors: Organelli Emanuele , Barbieux Marie , Claustre Hervé , Schmechtig Catherine , Poteau Antoine , Bricaud Annick , Boss Emmanuel , Briggs Nathan , Dall'Olmo Giorgio , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Leymarie Edouard , Mangin Antoine , Obolensky Grigor , Penkerc'h Christophe , Prieur Louis , Roesler Collin , Serra Romain , Uitz Julia , Xing Xiaogang
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Since 2012, an array of 105 Biogeochemical (BGC) Argo floats has been deployed across the world’s oceans to fill the observational gap characterizing most of open-ocean environments. Profiles of biogeochemical (chlorophyll and fluorescent dissolved organic matter) and optical (single-wavelength particulate optical backscattering, downward irradiance at three wavelengths and photosynthetically available radiation) variables are collected in the upper 1000 m every 1 to 10 days. The global database of 9837 vertical profiles collected up to January 2016 is presented and its spatial and temporal coverage is discussed. Each variable is quality controlled with specifically-developed procedures and its time-series is quality-assessed to identify issues related to biofouling and/or instrumental drift. A second database of 5748 profile-derived products within the first optical depth (i.e. the layer of interest for satellite remote sensing) is also presented and its spatio-temporal distribution discussed. This database, devoted to field and remote ocean color applications, includes diffuse attenuation coefficients for downward irradiance at three narrow wavebands and one broad waveband (photosynthetically available radiation), calibrated chlorophyll and dissolved organic matter fluorescence, and single-wavelength particulate optical backscattering. To demonstrate the applicability of these global databases, data within the first optical depth are finally compared with previously established bio-optical models and used to validate remotely-derived bio-optical products. The quality-controlled databases are publicly available from SEANOE (SEA scieNtific Open data Edition) publisher at http://doi.org/10.17882/49388 and http://doi.org/10.17882/47142 for vertical profiles and products within the first optical depth, respectively.
Update of the Polar SWIFT model for polar stratospheric ozone loss (Polar SWIFT version 2)
Authors: Wohltmann Ingo , Lehmann Ralph , Rex Markus
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The Polar SWIFT model is a fast scheme for calculating the chemistry of stratospheric ozone depletion in polar winter. It is intended for use in global climate models (GCMs) and Earth system models (ESMs) to enable the simulation of mutual interactions between the ozone layer and climate. To date, climate models often use prescribed ozone fields, since a full stratospheric chemistry scheme is computationally very expensive. Polar SWIFT is based on a set of coupled differential equations, which simulate the polar vortex-averaged mixing ratios of the key species involved in polar ozone depletion on a given vertical level. These species are O3, chemically active chlorine (ClOx), HCl, ClONO2 and HNO3. The only external input parameters that drive the model are the fraction of the polar vortex in sunlight and the fraction of the polar vortex below the temperatures necessary for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds. Here, we present an update of the Polar SWIFT model introducing several improvements over the original model formulation. In particular, the model is now trained on vortex-averaged reaction rates of the ATLAS Chemistry and Transport Model, which enables a detailed look at individual processes and an independent validation of the different parameterizations contained in the differential equations. The training of the original Polar SWIFT model was based on fitting complete model runs to satellite observations and did not allow for this. A revised formulation of the system of differential equations is developed, which closely fits vortex-averaged reaction rates from ATLAS that represent the main chemical processes influencing ozone. In addition, a parameterization for the HNO3 change by denitrification is included. The rates of change of the concentrations of the chemical species of the Polar SWIFT model are purely chemical rates of change in the new version, whereas in the original Polar SWIFT model, they included a transport effect caused by the original training on satellite data. Hence, the new version allows for an implementation into climate models in combination with an existing stratospheric transport scheme. Finally, the model is now formulated on several vertical levels encompassing the vertical range in which polar ozone depletion is observed. The results of the Polar SWIFT model are validated with independent Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite observations and output from the original detailed chemistry model of ATLAS.
Head-on collision of internal waves with trapped cores
Authors: Maderich Vladimir , Jung Kyung Tae , Terletska Kateryna , Kim Kyeong Ok
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The dynamics and energetics of a head-on collision of internal solitary waves (ISWs) with trapped cores propagating in thin pycnocline were studied numerically within the framework of the Navier-Stokes equations for a stratified fluid. The peculiarity of this collision is that it involves the trapped masses of a fluid. The interaction of ISWs differs for three classes of ISWs: (i) weakly nonlinear waves without trapped cores, (ii) stable strongly nonlinear waves with trapped cores, and (iii) shear unstable strongly nonlinear waves. The wave phase shift grows as the amplitudes of the interacting waves increase for colliding waves of classes (i) and (ii) and remains almost constant for those of class (iii). The excess of the maximum runup amplitude over the sum of the amplitudes of colliding waves almost linearly increases with increasing amplitude of the interacting waves belonging to classes (i) and (ii); however, it decreases somewhat for those of class (iii). The waves of class (ii) with a normalized on thickness of pycnocline amplitude lose fluid trapped by the wave cores in the range approximately between 1 and 1.75. The interacting stable waves of higher amplitude capture cores and carry trapped fluid in opposite directions with little mass loss. The collision of locally shear unstable waves of class (iii) is accompanied by the development of three-dimensional instability and turbulence. The dependence of loss of energy on the wave amplitude is not monotonous. Initially, the energy loss due to the interaction increases as the wave amplitude increases. Then, the energy losses reach a maximum due to the loss of potential energy of the cores upon collision and then start to decrease. With further amplitude growth, collision is accompanied by the development of instability and an increase in the loss of energy. The collision process is modified for waves of different amplitudes because of the exchange of trapped fluid between colliding waves due to the conservation of momentum.
Switching deformation mode and mechanisms during subduction of continental crust: a case study from Alpine Corsica
Authors: Molli Giancarlo , Menegon Luca , Malasoma Alessandro
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The switching in deformation mode (from distributed to localized) and mechanisms (viscous versus frictional) represent a relevant issue in the frame of crustal deformation, being also connected with the concept of the brittle–ductile transition and seismogenesis. In a subduction environment, switching in deformation mode and mechanisms and scale of localization may be inferred along the subduction interface, in a transition zone between the highly coupled (seismogenic zone) and decoupled deeper aseismic domain (stable slip). However, the role of brittle precursors in nucleating crystal-plastic shear zones has received more and more consideration being now recognized as fundamental in some cases for the localization of deformation and shear zone development, thus representing a case in which switching deformation mechanisms and scale and style of localization (deformation mode) interact and relate to each other. This contribution analyses an example of a millimetre-scale shear zone localized by brittle precursor formed within a host granitic protomylonite. The studied structures, developed in ambient pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of low-grade blueschist facies (temperature T of ca. 300 °C and pressure P ≥ 0. 70 GPa) during involvement of Corsican continental crust in the Alpine subduction. We used a multidisciplinary approach by combining detailed microstructural and petrographic analyses, crystallographic preferred orientation by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and palaeopiezometric studies on a selected sample to support an evolutionary model and deformation path for subducted continental crust. We infer that the studied structures, possibly formed by transient instability associated with fluctuations of pore fluid pressure and episodic strain rate variations, may be considered as a small-scale example of fault behaviour associated with a cycle of interseismic creep and coseismic rupture or a new analogue for episodic tremors and slow-slip structures. Our case study represents, therefore, a fossil example of association of fault structures related to stick-slip strain accommodation during subduction of continental crust.
ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS DO SOLO EM ÁREAS CULTIVADAS COM FEIJÃO PRETO (PHASEOLUSVULGARIS L.) SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO
Authors: Pereira Adalberto Alves , Thomaz Edivaldo Lopes , Fachin Paulo Ângelo
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho objetiva avaliar as influências de diferentes formas de manejo na produção do feijão preto (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) sobre os parâmetros físico-hídricos do solo. Foram avaliados atributos físicos como: densidade, resistência à penetração, diâmetro médio ponderado de agregados e infiltração em três áreas cultivadas com feijão e uma área de floresta. A densidade do solo e a resistência à penetração não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as áreas agrícolas. A área de coivara foi a única cultivada a apresentar diâmetro de agregados superior a 2 mm na camada superficial. O plantio convencional apresentou baixo diâmetro de agregados na camada superficial enquanto o plantio reduzido apresentou índice intermediário. A umidade elevada (35%) associada à tendência natural de adensamento do solo na área de floresta fez com que esta apresentasse taxa de infiltração reduzida. O sistema de coivara apresentou condições físico-hídricas iguais ou superiores ao da área de floresta, e demonstrou que se manejado de forma adequada pode servir como um sistema conservacionista de manejo.
“NOSSA FORMA DE PRODUZIR”: ESTUDO DE VARIEDADES CRIOULAS EM SÍTIOS CAMPONESES DE ORIZONA E VIANÓPOLIS – GO
Authors: Ribeiro Dinalva Donizete , Ribeiro Welington Martins
Published: July 2017

A produção de sementes, mudas e raças crioulas está presente na realidade das Comunidades e dos grupos camponeses facilitando a (re)produção das famílias em seus sítios. É por meio das variedades crioulas que há o incremento da agrobiodiversidade; que são produzidos muitos dos alimentos que atendem às necessidades humanas e os elementos socioculturais das Comunidades; e que o conhecimento tradicional envolvido em seus sistemas de produção é preservado, atualizado e transmitido. Apresentamos um estudo sobre as variedades crioulas, suas formas de cultivo e criação nas Comunidades Taquaral e Santana, em Orizona e Vianópolis (GO). Ali constatamos a presença de dois grupos de variedades crioulas e a adoção de princípios agroecológicos, como o consorciamento produtivo, a sucessão de cultivos e o uso de corredores agroecológicos no processo produtivo.
The Ethical Teacher in a High-Stakes Testing Environment
Authors: Arroyo-Romano Jacqueline , Benigno Stephen D.
Published: July 2017

Increasing accountability expectations are causing teachers to rectify their responsibilities, to themselves, to their students and to the school administrations in which they work. Teachers have been torn between the responsibility to provide a quality education that reflects their knowledge and their training in their content area and to prepare their students for mandated assessments. State and District mandated assessments can have an impact on the delivery and the content of the curriculum in the classroom. These assessments can be the impetus for teachers to make specific decisions regarding the focus of their instruction and the delivery of their content. Teachers often feel obligated to emphasize the testing information at the expense of the specific curricula content. This adjustment in their curriculum can create an ethical dilemma for the teacher with regard to the emphasis of their instruction and the delivery of their instruction.Discussed in the manuscript are the perceptions of two teachers regarding curriculum planning and the implementation of the curriculum. The relationship between teacher perception, ethical concepts and the implementation of instruction in the high stakes testing environment were explored in the study. The results of the study indicated that the teachers in the study felt obligated to provide a quality education for their students. However, the results also indicated that the pressures of the mandated assessment did have an effect on the delivery and preparation of their instruction. This decision to compromise created an ethical dilemma for the teachers in the study.
New and Old Perspectives in the Study of Salafism
Authors: Weismann Itzchak
Published: July 2017

This review article attempts to assess the contribution of Henri Lauzière's recently published The Making of Salafism to the ongoing scholarly debate in the light of the extant literature. It examines his treatment of the three major issues that at present preoccupy the students of Salafism. The most urgent issue touches on the sources of friction between the various contemporary trends within the overall Salafi framework, and especially the causes of the drift of some Salafis to violence. This is associated with the issue of the various components that combine to constitute today's Salafi “movement,” most notably the relationship between Salafism and Saudi Arabia's Wahhabism. Finally, and most pertinently to Lauzière's book, is the issue of the Salafiyya's modern trajectory, which is itself divided into two questions. One is the affinity of the modern Salafiyya to the medieval Hanbali heritage of Ibn Taymiyya and the historic Wahhabiyya; the other refers to the role of the late nineteenth-/early twentieth-century Islamic reformers in the formation of modern Salafism.
“The Sole Province of the Public Reader”: Elocutionist Hallie Quinn Brown's Performances of the Poetry of Paul Laurence Dunbar
Authors: Harris Amy Hobbs
Published: July 2017

From the 1880s through the 1910s, elocution, the art of reciting literature, flourished. While remembered today as an eclectic aspect of nineteenth-century school curricula, professional elocutionists' dramatic recitations were popular events. Unlike authors who read their original works or theater troupes who presented plays, elocutionists performed previously published literature as soloists; some even called themselves “public readers,” who offered their interpretations as creative acts. This article examines the understudied writings of African American elocutionist Hallie Quinn Brown and the archival collection of her programs and performance posters. Often billed as an interpreter of Paul Laurence Dunbar's poetry, Brown's public readings of his dialect poetry, including “The Party,” enhanced her audience's silent reading of Dunbar's work. Examining Brown's archival record leads us to think more carefully about how Dunbar may have crafted his dialect poems. For example, situating “The Party” in the context of other elocutionary recital pieces highlights how the poem subverts the conventions of these popular poems.
El Rol de la Inversión Pública en el Desempeño Económico Regional del Perú: 2001 - 2014
Authors: Castillo Melissa
Published: July 2017

Este estudio tiene como objetivo general analizar los efectos de la inversión pública en el nivel de producción - medido por el Valor Agregado Bruto (VAB) - de las regiones de Perú durante el periodo 2001 - 2014. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de tipo correlacional. Siguiendo la línea de las nuevas teorías de desarrollo regional se proponen tres modelos que intentan capturar: la importancia del capital público total, del capital público cuando se incluye una variable de desarrollo humano y de distintos tipos de capital público, al nivel de producción regional per cápita. La evidencia respalda la existencia de una relación positiva y significativa entre el capital público y el VAB per cápita regional. Además, se encuentra que la causalidad (en el sentido de Granger) es unidireccional en la mayoría de las regiones y fluye desde el capital público al VAB. Los resultados permiten hacer propuestas de política respecto al redireccionamiento de las inversiones públicas hacia sectores que tiendan a la acumulación de capital humano, en tanto las regiones presenten niveles incipientes de desarrollo.
Rundvisning og interview i Second Life (podcasts)
Authors: Grund Cynthia M. M. , Andresen Mads Stenhøj , Blok Rasmus , Christensen Inger-Marie
Published: July 2017

Artiklen er uden for reviewArtiklen indeholder rundvisning ved avatar Gunhild Soderstrom i Second Life og interview med avatar Gunhild Soderstrom i Seconf Life.Har du problemer med at afspille video, som er embedded i PDF, kan du åbne dem her: Rundvisning med avatar Gunhild SoderstromInterview med avatar Gunhild Soderstrom
Podcast som eksamenform
Authors: Lindelof Anja Mølle
Published: July 2017

I efteråret 2010 indgik podcast-produktion som en del af eksamen i kurset “Analyse og dokumentation” på Performance-design, RUC. Forsøget udsprang af en grundlæggende interesse for at inddrage digital teknologi i undervisningen og et ønske om at udforske mulighederne i eksamensformen ’aktiv deltagelse’. Nærværende artikel diskuteres baggrunden for og evalueringen af forsøget for dels at bidrage med konkrete erfaringer og dels at illustrere de mange fordele ved at lave sådanne forsøg, som tager udgangspunkt i et ønske om at inddrage digital teknologi i undervisningen på en måde, som kan kombinere faglige og pædagogiske ambitioner med pragmatiske hensyn.
Tema 1: Spilscenarier i undervisningen – præsentation af en didaktisk model
Authors: Hanghøj Thorkild
Published: July 2017

I takt med den stigende interesse for brugen af spil på videregående uddannelser er der behov for at udvikle tilsvarende didaktisk tænkning, som kan hjælpe undervisere med at integrere spil i deres undervisning. I denne artikel præsenteres en didaktisk model, der antager at spilbaseret undervisning kan forstås som en relation mellem fire typer af domæner –faglige domæner, pædagogiske domæner, hverdagsdomæner og givne spils scenariedomæner – der alle udfoldes gennem kontekstspecifikke videnspraksisser og valideringskriterier for gyldig viden. Gennem analyse af to undervisningsforløb anvendes modellen til at beskrive forskellige muligheder og begrænsninger ved brugen af spil i undervisningen, samt hvordan man ville kunne redesigne spilforløbene i forhold til at skabe mere hensigtsmæssig integration på tværs af de fire domæner.
Teknologistøttet simulationsundervisning som translokation for teoretisk viden og praktisk handlen
Authors: Nortvig Anne-Mette , Eriksen Kathrine Krageskov
Published: July 2017

I professionsuddannelser arbejdes der med refleksioner og arbejdsformer, der på forskellig vis sammenkæder teoretisk viden med viden om praktisk handlen. Alligevel problematiseres transferværdien af læringen fra professionsuddannelserne, idet det har vist sig, at der kan være lang vej fra viden om teori og handlen til faktisk handlen i en ofte meget kompleks konkret praksis.I denne artikel diskuterer vi med cases fra et forsknings- og innovationsprojekt i sygeplejerskeuddannelsen, hvordan teknologistøttet simulationsundervisning (i form af bl.a. inddragelse af programmerbare manikiner) kan fungere som sted for translokationer mellem den teoretiske viden, den professionsfaglige handlen og refleksioner herover.Abstract in EnglishIn order to link theoretical knowledge with action in practice, professional bachelor programs employ various methods of teaching and diverse approaches aimed at promoting students’ reflective thinking. Still, the transfer value from the learning outcome in the professional bachelor programs to professional practice is discussed. Thus, it has been shown that knowledge about theory and action is not automatically operational for supporting actual action in the professional practice that is often very complex.Using cases from a research- and innovation project in nursing education as a starting point, we in this paper discuss how technology enhanced simulations (including the use of programmable mannequins) can function as translocations between theoretical knowledge, professional action and reflections concerning both.