bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma abordagem de aprendizagem semissupervisionada para a classificação automática de personalidade baseada em pistas acústico-prosódicas
Authors: Solera-Ureña Rubén , Moniz Helena , Batista Fernando , Cabarrão Vera , Pompili Anna , Fernández-Astudillo Ramón , Trancoso Isabel
Published: December 2020

Automatic personality analysis has gained great attention in the last years as a fundamental dimension in human-machine interactions. However, the development of this technology in some domains, such as the classification of children’s personality, has been hindered by the limited number and size of the available speech corpora due to ethical concerns on collecting such corpora. To circumvent the lack of data, we have investigated the application of a semi-supervised training approach that makes use of heterogeneous (age and language mismatches) and partially non-labelled data sets. Namely, preliminary personality models trained using a small labelled data set with French speaking adults are iteratively refined using a larger unlabeled set of Portuguese children’s speech, whereas a labelled corpus of Portuguese children is used for evaluation. We also investigated speech representations based on prior linguistic knowledge on acoustic-prosodic clues for personality classification tasks and have analysed their relevance in the assessment of each personality trait. The results point out to the potential of applying semi-supervised learning approaches with heterogeneous data sets to overcome the lack of labelled data in under-resourced domains, and to the existence of acousticprosodic clues shared by speakers with different languages and ages, which allows for the classification of personality independently of these variables.
Começar com começar: leituras sobre as configurações de começar em português europeu contemporâneo
Authors: Alzamora Helena , Nunes Correia Clara
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this work is the analysis and description of the values of começar in european Portuguese, in order to explain the differences that can be observed in the various configurations in which it occurs, such as < x começar y >, < começar ADV >, < começar Prep INF>, < começar Prep SN>. We try to identify the principles that generate invariance, in spite of the multiple functions these configurations may be associated with. By doing this, we intend to explain the semantic and enunciative properties of this verb in order to describe and explain its different functions. Therefore, it is suggested that the grammatical constructions containing começar can be addressed using a theoretical-methodological support designated by “Schematic Form”. On this hypothesis, see among others Culioli (1990), Paillard (2000), Correia & Coutinho (2006). The “Schematic Form” represents an invariant structure and, at the same time, it shows the deformability originated by the relationship between the verb and its arguments, or among the arguments themselves. We believe that this hypothesis allows for a better understanding of the functioning of the sequences in which this verb occurs.
Desenvolvimento linguístico e ensino de português como língua materna: assimetrias na compreensão de orações relativas de sujeito e de objeto
Authors: Batalha Joana
Published: December 2020

Studies in language acquisition show that relative clauses are a domain in which children exhibit difficulties. As found in other languages, a subject-object asymmetry has been found for European Portuguese both in production and in comprehension. On the other hand, studies in educational linguistics assessing Portuguese school age children suggest that difficulties with relative clauses can be found along basic education. As in these studies, this paper extends the study of subject and object relative clauses to school age children. Starting from Batalha (2017), we present a pre/posttest design study that assessed the linguistic knowledge of 91 students in grades 4, 6 and 8 on the understanding of referential dependencies with the relative pronoun que in subject and object restrictive relative clauses. The findings, which were obtained using a reading task that required the identification of antecedents of relative pronouns, are discussed from the point of view of educational linguistics, considering some of the implications of the study for Portuguese L1 teaching.
Adaptação acústico-prosódica local em Português Europeu
Authors: Cabarrão Vera , Batista Fernando , Moniz Helena , Trancoso Isabel , Mata Ana Isabel
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an acoustic-prosodic analysis of entrainment in map-task dialogues in European Portuguese. Our main goal is to analyze how turn-by-turn entrainment varies with distinct structural metadata events: types of sentence-like units (SUs) in consecutive turns (e.g. interrogatives followed by declaratives, or both declaratives), and with the presence of discourse markers, affirmative cue words, and disfluencies in the beginning of turns. Results show that entrainment at turn-exchanges occurs in terms of pitch, energy, duration, and voice quality. Considering SUs types, question-answer pairs are the ones with stronger similarity, as declarative-interrogative turns are the ones where less entrainment occurs. Moreover, in question-answer pairs, Yes/No and Tag questions present stronger evidences of entrainment than Wh- questions. Regarding turn-initial structures, there are evidences of (i) stronger entrainment when the second turn begins with an affirmative cue word, (ii) less strong with ambiguous structures (such as ‘OK’), emphatic affirmative answers, and negative cue words; (iii) and scarce with disfluencies and discourse markers. Different degrees of local entrainment may be related to the informative structure of distinct structural metadata events.
Ensinar português no contexto angolano. Os clíticos pronominais: entre a norma gramatical europeia e a variedade angolana
Authors: Calossa Bernardino
Published: December 2020

In this study we reflect on the teaching of Portuguese language in the Angolan schools. We assessed primary and secondary students knowledge at the end of their high school, regarding the processing and use of pronominal clitics. We seek to understand the teachers attitude throughout the development of their classes and their influence on student learning. Therefore, we administered a grammar judgment test, a correction of sentences and pronominalization, two questionnaires (one to 62 students and one to 10 Portuguese language teachers) and we observed 10 classes. As a result, it was found that more than a half of the students are unaware of the standard form of pronominal clitics placement and have greater difficulty in processing the mesoclisis, in recognizing elements that favour the occurrence of the proclisis, and in replacing terms with pronouns, in sentences where the verbal form ends in consonant. Even though, teachers use the European grammar model in their lessons as regulated, which further inhibits students’ willingness to participate in classroom discussions. As a methodological suggestion, we use the grammar workshop method proposed by Duarte (1991, 1997, 2008), with the respective adaptations.
Algumas considerações sobre leituras estativas de verbos de movimento em Português Europeu
Authors: Cunha Luís Filipe , Leal António , Silva Fátima
Published: December 2020

A significant number of the so-called verbs of motion exhibit a consistent alternation between an eventive and a stative reading. In this view, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the linguistic factors that contribute to this aspectual behaviour regarding verbs of motion in European Portuguese. In particular, we consider the fictive motion hypothesis; the influence of tenses like the Presente do Indicativo (Simple Present) and the Imperfeito (Imperfect) that stativize the predications with which they co-occur; the status of the “figure” and, finally, the role played by the different subclasses of verbs of motion, with special reference to the distinction between inherently directed verbs and manner of motion verbs. We conclude that, like other types of verbs, the aspectual feature of dynamicity seems to play a crucial role in the alternation at hand.
Avaliação e textualidade – contributos para a elaboração de dispositivos de construção e análise de instrumentos de avaliação
Authors: Amor Emília
Published: December 2020

With this text, we intend to characterize a set of highly standardized pedagogical evaluation tools – conventional tests and examination papers – as textual objects. Hence, we will focus on some textualization mechanisms, which support their global functioning, as well as on the specifics of contextual use of the same objects. Additionally, we propose plans, concepts and rules which, in a systematic way, can integrate a twofold model, able to accommodate different moments and aims: a) production of the said evaluation instruments; b) their analysis which can be related to the obtained results.
Avaliar conhecimento gramatical: análise de itens sobre compreensão de dependências referenciais
Authors: Batalha Joana
Published: December 2020

The present article aims to contribute to a reflection about evaluation of grammatical knowledge in a school context, trying to find out the importance that has been given to the topic of anaphoric relations and, particularly, to referential dependencies in national examinations of Portuguese language. In a documentary study, which is part of a broader research on relations between grammar and reading comprehension (Batalha, 2017), we analyse a set of examinations carried out between 2008 and 2014 to identify and to characterise items that evaluate the comprehension of referential dependencies in reading and, specifically, the identification of antecedents of different types of anaphoric expressions. The information obtained, which includes statistical data on students’ performance on various items, not only shows that referential dependencies are, in general terms, evaluated in examinations, but also that this may still be a problematic area at the end of basic education.
Que conhecimento explícito da área da fonética/fonologia trabalhar nos ensinos básico e secundário?
Authors: Veloso João
Published: December 2020

In this text, we propose that formal, explicit teaching of very basic notions of phonetics and phonology is gradually introduced in the teaching of L1. The main arguments in favour of this point of view relate to the well-known beneficial effects of phonological awareness on the learning of writing and reading and to some educational experiences that have proven very effective in this field. We share the view that exposing students to the phonetic/phonological dimension of their own language throughout Basic and Secondary Education is doable and advisable so that a number of teachers and subjects benefit from this exposure: Biology, Philosophy, Literature, among others. A sequential, fixed order for the familiarisation of students with such notions is not presented here, as further research and educational experimentation is needed as to attain a reasonable consensos on this specific point.
A pontuação: do ensino à avaliação
Authors: Santos Ana Lúcia
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the relevancy of punctuation as a key element establishing a connection between grammar and writing instruction. It explores common conceptions of punctuation, which connect the use of the comma to prosody, contrasting it with present rules for Portuguese, which assume a syntactic definition of the contexts in which a comma should be used or must be avoided. The paper shows that teachers working with different grades show distinct awareness levels of the relevance of syntax in the field of punctuation. In general, low awareness concerning this association results in a holistic view of punctuation instruction. We explore to what extent the national curriculum and national exams reflect this holistic view. The text ends with a positive note, summarizing recent advances in national exams, which will certainly impact on teaching practices.
Sobre alguns conceitos semânticos fundamentais para o ensino e avaliação nos ensinos básico e secundário
Authors: Oliveira Fátima , Silvano Purificação , Leal António
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance of teaching, and evaluating, some semantic contents to students of elementary and secondary schools. We put forward a proposal which includes some semantic concepts that are not taught at all or are taught, but in a shallow manner. From these, we select three to illustrate some of their features whose study may be important not only to increase students awareness of their language, but also to develop students’ skills in areas such as reading and writing.
Automatização no diagnóstico de nível de língua: anotação e versatilidade dos recursos para PLE
Authors: Amaro Raquel , Correia Susana , Gramacho Carolina , Mendes Amália
Published: December 2020

The automatic diagnosis and analysis of the production of foreign language learners can contribute to overcome linguistic barriers that hinder the integration of migrant populations. The richness and complexity of the phenomena observed in this context and the multiplicity of objectives served by automatic analysis tools demonstrate the inevitability of manual annotation of data and the importance of producing versatile resources, in order to maximize their usability. The present study aims, therefore, to contrast the needs of automatic diagnosis systems and the analysis of the phenomena reflected in the annotations for European Portuguese, based on COPLE2 and the corpora analysis conducted within the scope of the POR Nível project, proposing a system of annotation that includes error annotation and annotation of structures associated with complexity. The results highlight the need to enhance the usability of resources, to acknowledge their value and to promote the necessary investment in their development.
Hepatitis C awareness among therapists and general practitioners. Survey results
Authors: Sineglazova A. V. , Sineglazova A. V.
Published: December 2020

Aim. In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C in the framework of this study was the awareness among general practitioner (GPs) and physicians in various districts of Chelyabinsk Oblast was assessed. Materials and methods. A continuous study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) awareness among therapists and GPs was conducted within the framework of the regional research-to-practice conference Multidisciplinary Issues of Family Medicine on May 19, 2018. 78 questionnaires have been distributed. Thus, 78 therapists from different districts of Chelyabinsk Oblast took part in the study. For these purposes, a questionnaire of 12 questions developed by Olga I. Sagalova was used. The study involved 78 therapists from different districts of Chelyabinsk Oblast. 20.52% (n=16) of respondents were from the healthcare institutions (HCI) of urban districts of Chelyabinsk Oblast, 39.74% (n=31) were from the HCIs of municipal districts of Chelyabinsk Oblast, and 39.74% (n=31) from the HCIs of the city of Chelyabinsk. Results. The survey revealed certain gaps in therapists awareness of the natural course of the disease, diagnosis, routing, the natural course of HCV infection, as well as its extrahepatic manifestations. The survey results indicate a lack of understanding among physicians and therapists of tactics for managing patients with HCV infection and emphasize the need to improve interdisciplinary interaction between infectious disease specialists, primary care doctors and doctors of other specialties including the development and implementation of an educational strategy for non-infectious disease doctors. Conclusion. The results indicate the needs to increase the level of education among doctors in the diagnosis and management of patients with HCV in accordance with guidelines and to include screening for HCV infection in the guidelines for selected chronic non-communicable diseases as part of the initial examination.
Inguinal lymphadenitis due to invasion of Dirofilaria repens
Authors: Ermakova L. A. , Nagorny S. A. , Kornienko I. V. , Kiosova J. V. , Todorov S. S. , Pshenichnaya N. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the case of the right-sided inguinal inflammation of a lymph node as a result of invasion of Dirofilaria repens, the parasitic pathogen of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in animals of the canine family. The diagnosis was verified on the basis of the parallel application of morphological studies of cross sections of the nematode in histological samples and the molecular biological method polymerase chain reaction of scrapings of histological material. The localization of this helminth inside the cavities of the human body is extremely rare. Only isolated cases of atypical localization of D. repens are described: in the organs of the chest, cervical lymphatic node in the spermatic cord and epididymis, which led to pseudotumor formations that needed to be differentiated with neoplastic processes. This case is of great interest to experts of various fields (surgeons, oncologists, infectious disease specialists and pathologists), primarily in the differential diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic system.
Opportunities for use the cascade model of medical care for people living with HIV
Authors: Pokrovskaya A. V. , Pokrovskiy V. V. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: December 2020

The HIV cascade model can be used as an epidemiological surveillance tool and for assessing the quality of medical care for HIV-positive people. It is possible to use the model for the entire population of people living with HIV, in various socio-demographic groups, by region, years and other indicators. This article describes the features of a HIV cascade model depending on the goals for its use.
Experience with 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Zhestkov A. V. , Zolotov M. O. , Lyamin A. V. , Borisova O. V. , Chernova O. E. , Limareva L. V. , Ismatullin D. D.
Published: December 2020

Aim. Evaluate the effect of PCV13 vaccination on the composition of the microflora of the upper respiratory tract and the immune system in HIV-infected patients.
Materials and methods. 100 patients with HIV-infection were included in the study. The patients underwent immunological examination and the collection of biomaterial from the posterior pharyngeal wall for microbiological examination. After obtaining the results of the examinations, PCV13 was intramuscularly administered. 7 days after the introduction of the vaccine, an assessment of adverse events was carried out, after 3 months, microbiological and immunological examinations were repeated.
Results. Immediately after the administration of PCV13, 5% of patients felt pain during the administration. Local reactions were reported in 6 patients. One participant showed a rise in temperature to 38.3C over 2 days. Before vaccination, 16 strains of S. pneumoniae were seeded in patients. 3 months after the administration of PCV13, pneumococcus was isolated in 8 patients. 3 months after immunization, the median level of populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes became higher than the pre-vaccination.
Discussion. Our results show high risk of pneumococcal infections in HIV-positive patients. A tendency towards a decrease in the level of S. pneumoniae carriage was revealed 3 months after the administration of PCV13. The high level of enterobacteria carriage in HIV-positive patients is noteworthy. There is a pronounced positive effect from the use of PCV13 in HIV-positive patients on cellular factors of the immune system.
Conclusion. The use of PCV13 is a safe and effective method for the prevention of S. pneumoniae infections.
Pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in COVID-19 infection
Authors: Vorobyev P. A. , Momot A. P. , Krasnova L. S. , Vorobiev A. P. , Talipov A. K.
Published: December 2020

Aim. Clinical characteristics of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in COVID-19 infection and assessment of the effectiveness of complex therapy for this syndrome at the stages of prevention and treatment of various complications.
Materials and methods. The study of publications was carried out through search engines on the Internet using keywords. To diagnose the infection, the COVID-19 program was used on the MeDiCase platform, which is publicly available on www.medicase.pro, which suggests a diagnosis with a sensitivity of 89.47%. The study included 85 patients with acute COVID-19 with mild to moderate disease, aged 11 to 81 years. The presence of the pathogen was confirmed immunologically in 12% of patients; in other cases, the diagnosis was based on the results of an automated survey in the MeDiCase system. All patients, according to the MGNOT recommendations, were prescribed one of the oral direct anticoagulants - Eliquis at a dose of 5 mg 2 times a day, Ksarelto at a dose of 10 mg 2 times a day or Pradax at a dose of 110 mg 2 times a day for at least 2 weeks. All other drugs with antiviral, immunomodulatory effects, antibiotics were canceled.
Results. The presence of DIC is substantiated by the morphological picture of changes in organs and tissues, clinical (hematoma-petechial type of bleeding in combination with thromboembolic syndrome and the presence of thrombovasculitis) and laboratory changes: an increase in the level of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes, D-dimer, hyperfibrinogenaemia, less often - thrombocytopenia, violation of fibrinolytic activity. The phenomenon of consumption of clotting factors and profuse bleeding are rare. Direct anticoagulants, fresh frozen plasma transfusions and plasmapheresis are used in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The paper presents its own positive results of early prescription at the outpatient stage of direct oral anticoagulants in prophylactic doses (no case of disease progression), individual cases of the use of fresh frozen plasma and plasapheresis.
Conclusion. DIC syndrome with the development of thrombovasculitis is the most important pathogenetic mechanism for the development of microthrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders in organs during infection with COVID-19, leading to dysfunction of the lungs, brain and other nerve tissues, kidneys, thromboembolic complications, etc. Many symptoms of the disease may be associated with a violation of the nervous regulation of the functions of organs and systems. Prevention of thrombovasculitis is effective already at the stage of the first manifestation of the disease with the outpatient use of direct anticoagulants (oral, low molecular weight heparins). In case of more severe manifestations (complications) of the disease, additional use of freshly frozen plasma and plasmapheresis is effective.
THE ATTEMPTS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL REGULATION OF A FEMALE EMPLOYEE’S PRIVATE LIFE IN IMPERIAL RUSSIA AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES
Authors: Громова Анна Игоревна
Published: December 2020

В статье анализируется социальный статус части российских горожанок (служащих) на рубеже XIX-XX вв. Особое внимание уделено занятым в сфере профессионального интеллектуального труда, a также дискриминирующим факторам (более низкий уровень заработной платы по сравнению с мужчинами, невозможность занимать ряд должностей в государственных и общественных учреждениях). Автор демонстрирует особенности контроля за женским целомудрием, репродуктивным поведением женщин и их частной жизнью в целом, анализируя запретительные акты, изданные в те годы, и консервативные взгляды общества. Выявлен и доказан факт того, что запреты и предписания серьезно препятствовали профессиональному росту женщин, лишали их возможности свободно распоряжаться собственным телом. В статье систематизированы способы регулирования женского репродуктивного поведения женщин-служащих, типичные для органов государственной власти имперской России полтора столетия назад.

By the beginning of the XX century, the involvement of Russian women in public life had increased significantly. They have gained access to education and work activities that were previously unavailable to them. At the same time, women employed in intellectual labor were still limited by several discriminatory forces, including a significantly lower level of wages compared to men, the inability to hold many positions in state and public institutions, etc., as well as various regulatory acts designed to control women's «chastity», reproductive behavior and their private life in general. Such prohibitive acts issued by the authorities, and conservative views of society, which reserved for women only the right to fulfill traditional gender roles, not only seriously impeded their professional activities but also deprived them of the opportunity to dispose of their bodies freely. The article analyzes what methods of regulating the corporeality and reproductive function of a female employee were used and implemented in practice by state authorities in Imperial Russia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and how traditionalist public opinion contributed to this.
N. N. ALYANCHIKOV: ENGINEER, PHILOSOPHER, REFORMER, PRIEST, PATRIOT
Authors: Коршунов Сергей Валерьевич
Published: December 2020

Никанор Николаевич Алянчиков, купеческий сын из города Касимова, выпускник Императорского Московского технического училища, инженер и директор на ткацких фабриках, реформатор русского языка, политический и общественный православный деятель, эмигрант прожил долгую жизнь в России, Эстонии и Австралии. В статье рассматривается его многогранная деятельность в дореволюционной России и эмиграции, где он оставался русским патриотом.

Nikanor Nikolaevich Alyanchikov, a merchant's son from Kasimov, a graduate of the Imperial Moscow Technical School, an engineer and director at weaving factories, a reformer of the Russian language, a political and public Orthodox figure, an emigrant and this is all one person who has lived a long life in Russia, Estonia and Australia. The article deals with the multifaceted activities of N.N. Alyanchikov in pre-revolutionary Russia and emigration, where he remained a Russian patriot.
IMAGE OF THE IDEAL WOMAN-CITIZEN OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC IN THE WOMEN'S PRESS
Authors: Тюренкова Дарья Олеговна
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена изучению характера трансляции норм, составляющих образ идеальной гражданки ГДР по материалам женской прессы. Произведён анализ четырёх женских журналов ГДР («DieFrauvonheute», «Für-dich», «Pramo», «Sibylle»), на его основе предпринята попытка выявить детали «собирательного образа» героини каждого из рассмотренных изданий с учётом как требуемого государством «образца», так и редакционной политики и запроса самих читательниц. Автором выявлены сферы реализации женщин, в рамках которых осуществлялась трансляция нормативного поведения в указанных журналах. Рассмотрены составляющие образа идеальной гражданки ГДР в области профессиональной реализации и участия в деятельности общественных организаций, в сфере семейных взаимоотношений - брака и материнства, а также в досуговых практиках.

The article studies the specifics of broadcasting the norms that make up the image of the ideal woman-citizen of the GDR based on the materials of the women's press. The analysis of four women's magazines of the GDR («Die Frau von heute», «Für dich», «Pramo», «Sibylle») has been carried out. On the basis of the analysis, the details of the «collective image» of the heroine of each of the reviewed publications were revealed from the following angles: the «sample» required by the state, the goals of editorial policy, the request of the readers themselves. The author identified the spheres of realization of women, the broadcast of normative behavior within which was carried out in the indicated women's magazines. The components of the image of an ideal woman-citizen of the GDR in the field of professional implementation and participation in the activities of public organizations, in the field of family relationships - marriage and motherhood, as well as in leisure practices are considered.
CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KALUGA PROVINCE)
Authors: Белова Ирина Борисовна
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена общественно-политической и социально-экономической ситуации в период Гражданской войны (1917-1922 гг.) в Калужской губернии, одной из центральных губерний Европейской России, находившейся вне театра военных действий. Автором освещён сложный процесс прихода к власти большевиков, который завершился только под угрозой применения ими вооруженной силы против защитников прежней власти. В статье показаны формы сопротивления населения большевистской политике «военного коммунизма», способы реагирования власти на сопротивление, конец и итоги этой политики. Автор отмечает, что катастрофическая ситуация с продовольственным снабжением в губернии способствовала стихийному бегству коренного и беженского населения в производящие юго-восточные регионы и за Урал.

The article deals with the sociopolitical and socioeconomic situation in Kaluga province which was one of the central provinces in European part of Russia outside the theatre of operations during the Civil war (1917-1922).The author highlights the complex process of Bolsheviks installation which was completed only after they threatened to use military force against the defenders of the former regime. The article covers the forms in which the population of the province resisted the Bolshevik policy of «military communism», the ways the authorities reacted to the resistance and the outcome of this policy. The author points out that the catastrophic situation with food supply contributed to chaotic exodus of the natives and the refugees to the producing south-east regions and behind the Urals.
FOR THE 200-TH ANNIVERSARY OF IVAN EGOROVICH ZABELIN
Authors: Воробьева Ирина Геннадиевна
Published: December 2020

Сообщение посвящено 200-летию со дня рождения Ивана Егоровича Забелина (1820-1909), историка, археолога, создателя Императорского российского исторического музея (ГИМ), автора книг по истории Москвы и бытописанию жизни русских царей и цариц. И.Е. Забелин родился в Твери, о чём есть запись в метрической книге церкви святителя Николая на Зверинце, хранящейся в фонде Тверской духовной консистории. На основе переписки историка с членами Тверской учеёной архивной комиссии рассмотрены его отношения с земляками, сотрудничество Тверского музея с Историческим музеем в Москве, сохранение памяти И.Е. Забелина в Научной библиотеке Тверского государственного университета.

This message is devoted to the 200-th anniversary of the birth of I.E. Zabelin (1820-1909), the historian, archaeologist, founder of the Empire Russian Historical Museum (GIM), the author of the books about the history of Moscow and the everyday life of Russian tsars and tsarinas. I.E. Zabelin was born in Tver, and there is a record about it in the register of births of the church of St. Nicolas «on the Menagerie», that is being kept in the fund of Tver Spiritual Consistory. The relations of this historian with his natives, the collaboration of the Tver Museum and the Moscow Historical Museum and the theme of the preservation of memory of I.E. Zabelin in the Scientific Library of the Tver State University are considered upon the data of his correspondence with the members of the Tver Scientific Archive Commission.
SETS OF CLOTHES AND DECORATIONS IN THE LISTS OF THE DOWRY OF THE XVII CENTURY FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE TVERSKY STATE JOINT MUSEUM
Authors: Степанова Юлия Владимировна
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются описи приданого второй половины XVII в., выявленные в коллекции документов столбцового делопроизводства Тверского государственного объединенного музея. Документы относятся к частным архивам семейств служилых людей, территориально связанных в Верхневолжьем и Подмосковьем: Теприцких, Скорятиных, Киреевских, Суворовых. Описи выявлены в составе сговорных и рядных грамот, и как самостоятельные документы. Перечни движимого имущества включают украшения и предметы одежды, характеризующие владельцев как сравнительно обеспеченных людей. Это обязательные элементы гардероба: меховые шубы и шапки. Более вариативным является набор остальных вещей: охабней, ферязей, кафтанов, однорядок, телогрей. В обязательный набор ювелирных изделий входили предметы личного благочестия: кресты с цепочками, а также серьги и перстни. Описи приданого отражают характерные явления моды последней четверти XVII в. Источники демонстрируют высокую ценность предметов одежды и украшений в материальном обиходе провинциального дворянства конца XVII в., вне зависимости от материальной стоимости изделий, так как в них наряду с престижными дорогими вещами включались и детально описывались и предметы менее ценные, изготовленные из недорогих материалов.

The article is devoted to the records of the dowry of the second half of the 17th century, revealed in the collection of documents of the column office work ( stolbtsy ) of the Tver State Joint Museum (TSJM), No. 1431. The documents relate to private archives of families of service class, geographically connected with Upper Volga region (Tverskoi, Jarovskii, Uglichskii, Bezhetskii, Kashinskii uezds, etc.) and Moscow region (Dmitrovskii uezd): Tepritskiуe, Skoryatny, Kireevsky, Suvorov. The lists are revealed both as part of collusion and contract records, and as independent documents. Lists of movable property include decorations and garments characterizing owners as comparatively well-off people. These are the mandatory elements of the wardrobe: fur coats and caps. More variable is the set of other things: okhaben’, feras, kaftan, odnoryadka, telogreia . The mandatory set of jewelry included items of personal piety: crosses with chains, as well as earrings and finger rings. The descriptions of the dowry reflect the characteristics of fashion of the last quarter of the 17th century. The sources demonstrate the high value of clothing and jewelry in the material environment of the provincial nobility of the late 17th century, regardless of the cost of the things. Along with prestigious expensive things, items of less valuable, made from inexpensive materials were included and described in detail.
WOMEN'S EDUCATION IN TVER IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES
Authors: Цыганова Ангелина Валерьевна
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается история становления различных типов женских учебных заведений в Твери во второй половине XIX - начале XX вв. Архивные материалы, привлеченные к исследованию, раскрывают организацию учебного и воспитательного процесса, содержание учебных планов, недельное распределение уроков, численный и сословный состав обучающихся, административный и педагогический состав, правила проведения вступительных и экзаменационных испытаний и т.д. в женских учебных заведениях. Приводятся данные по распределению численности средних женских учебных заведений в Тверской губернии, количественному составу учениц, учебным предметам, срокам обучения в школе П.П. Максимовича, Постоянных педагогических курсах, Тверской Мариинской женской гимназии. Подчеркивается роль женских средних школ для подготовки учительских кадров в Тверской губернии. Автор делает вывод о значительном потенциале развития всесословной женской средней школы в российской провинции.

The article examines the history of the formation of various types of women's educational institutions in Tver in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. The archival materials involved in the study reveal the organization of the educational process, the content of the curriculum, the weekly distribution of lessons, the number and class composition of students, administrative and pedagogical staff, the rules for conducting entrance and examination tests, etc.in women's educational institutions. Data on the distribution of the number of secondary female educational institutions in the Tver province, the number of female students, academic subjects, terms of study at the P.P. Maksimovich school, Permanent pedagogical courses in Tver and Tver Mariinsky girls ' gymnasium are presented. The role of women's secondary schools for training teachers in the Tver province is emphasized. The author concludes that there is a significant potential for the development of an all-female secondary school in the Russian province.
Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin ağrı ve tedavisi hakkındaki farkındalıklarının ‘hazır bulunuşluk testi’ ile değerlendirilmesi
Authors: RUMELİ Şebnem , GAZİOĞLU Gülçin , KÖK Merve
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Mezuniyet sonrası pratisyen hekimler; ağrılı hastanın değerlendirmesinde ve birinci basamak ağrı tedavisinin düzenlenmesinden sorumludurlar. Bu çalışma ile Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 5. Sınıf öğrencilerinin Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon AD stajı öncesi ağrı ve tedavisi hakkındaki bilgilerinin “Hazır Bulunuşluk Testi” ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon stajına 01/09/2012-01/01/2020 tarihleri arasında gelen Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 5. Sınıf öğrencilerine staj öncesinde uygulanan Hazır Bulunuşluk Testlerinden, eksiksiz olarak doldurulduğu saptanan 848 testin sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Test içeriğinde ağrının değerlendirilmesi, ağrıya ait tedavi yöntemleri, kullanılan ilaçlar ve ağrı tipleri konuları bulunmakta idi. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistik analizleri ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin sadece 85’i (%10.0) ağrı duyusunu taşıyan lifleri doğru olarak tanımlamıştı. Öğrencilerden sadece 57’sinin (%6.7) Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından önerilmiş ‘Ağrıda Basamak Tedavisi’ hakkında bilgisinin olduğu saptandı. Opioidlerin hastaya uygulama yollarını doğru olarak işaretleyen 13 (%1.5) öğrenci mevcuttu. Hastanın ağrısını değerlendirmede kullanılan Vizuel Analog Skala’yı doğru olarak tanımlayan 200 (%23.6) öğrenci vardı. Ağrı tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlardan, yeşil reçeteye yazılanlara öğrencilerin 61’nin (%7.2), kırmızı reçeteye yazılanlara ise 209’unun (%24.6) doğru analjezik örneği verdiği bulundu. Anketlerin 59’unda (%6.9) parasetamol ve NSAI ilaçların yeşil ve/veya kırmızı reçeteye örnek olarak yazıldığı saptandı. Sonuç: Anketi yanıtlayanların ¼ kadarının doğru bilgi sahibi olduğu saptandı. Tıp fakültelerinde klinik öncesi ağrı ile ilgili bilgi aktarımının, klinik korelasyonla gerçekleştirilmesinin daha kalıcı bilgi oluşturacağı düşüncesindeyiz. Ayrıca eğitim öncesinde ve tamamlandıktan sonra yapılacak değerlendirmeler ile bilgi içeriğinin yapılandırılması gerektiği kanısındayız.
Horrors of Class System: A Marxist Critique of Mansfield’s Doll’s House
Authors: Sidra Ahmad  , Selina Aziz  , Salman Amin
Published: December 2020

The current paper talks about the horrors of the inescapable class system that has us hooked blindly. The basic issue lies in the fact that the society we live in and grow operates on the system of class consciousness. The rich /bourgeoisie class uses and abuses the low or poor class to attain maximum benefits from them, whereas the poor or the proletariat have no choice except to be manipulated by the rich class for the cost of labor, for they know that it is the only step towards survival and it lies in manipulation. The rich class has become totally dependent on the proletariat and they know they cannot move without and out of it. As the society is designed and planned on unequal footings so, on the one hand, the rich class has found a medium to exploit the labor class but at the same time the proletariat are not allowed to interact with them and furthermore there are bleak chances of unification as the lower/labor class is itself a stigma in the eyes of the bourgeoisie.
Police Brutality and Reforms in Pakistan
Authors: Najma Sadiq  , Ume Laila  , Tahir Mehmood  , Tooba Rehan Haqqi
Published: December 2020

Police Brutality has become one of the most important highlight around the globe. This study qualitatively investigates the form of police violence existent in Pakistan and also how this violence is related with the reforms enunciated. Through investigation it has been seen that the police of Pakistan are more into bribery and misuse of power than it is there to serve the nation and provide national security. This study shall highlight important issues prevalent and will also provide recommendations through which issues can be resolved.
Pre and Post Covid-19 Lockdown: How the AQI of Three Major Cities of Pakistan will Change?
Authors: Ume Laila  , Najma Sadiq  , Tahir Mehmood  , Tooba Rehan Haqqi
Published: December 2020

Pakistan being in the list of developing countries has shown tremendous response towards the control of pandemic COVID-19. This paper evaluates the pre and post COVID 19 lockdown situation of air quality and provides an evidence of the air quality amid the lockdown and how it started to improve. The air quality indexes of three major cities of Pakistan i.e. Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore are compared, taking into account the indexes before and after the imposition of lockdown.  The city wide presence of major pollutants like Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide also reduced. The results show how taking serious measures can help in reducing the air pollution and help the environment to restore.  Following analytical approach and situational analysis certain inferences have been drawn that the air quality index has worsen, and the atmospheric condition have turn out to be shoddier than the pre-pandemic situation. In the last section certain policy recommendations have been provided in order to maintain a healthy air quality.
Quality of Tests on Mathematics Questions for Year-End Assessment (PAT) Class VIII at SMPN 2 Bangkinang Kota
Authors: Anggraini Yola Putri , Roza Yenita , Maimunah Maimunah
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the quality of the test on multiple choice questions in mathematics for Year End Assessment (PAT) class VIII SMPN 2 Bangkinang Kota for the 2019/2020 academic year based on the level of question validity, reliability level, difficulty level, distinguishing power, and option effectiveness cheater). This research is an evaluation with a quantitative descriptive approach. The research was conducted with a sample of 30 student answer sheets. Techniques for collecting data are documentation techniques. After the data is collected, the data will be analyzed with the help of Excel. Judging from the results of this analysis, it can be seen that the End of Year Assessment (PAT) questions for class VIII SMPN 2 Bangkinang Kota for the 2019/2020 academic year were not carried out by quantitative reviewers. Judging from the level of validity, it consists of 14 valid questions, while the other 16 questions are said to be invalid. The PAT questions have a high level of reliability. As for the difficulty level of the questions, there are 7 items (23.33%) difficult, 18 items (60%) moderate, and 5 items (16.66%) easy. The distinguishing power is 8 questions that are bad (26.66%), 7 questions with sufficient criteria (23.33%), 7 questions with good criteria (23.33%), and 8 questions with very good criteria (26.66%) ). For the effectiveness of the option, 4 items (13.33%) were very good, 15 items (50%) were good, 9 items (30%) were bad, and 2 items (6.33%) were very bad. So that based on the results of the quantitative test, it turns out that most of the items were not of good quality for Class VIII Year End Assessment (PAT) for the 2019/2020 school year.
OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, GOLUBEV A.V.
Published: December 2020

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION RESULTS OF HOLSTEIN BLACK-MOTLEY BREEDING BULLS BY THEIR DAUGHTERS’ PRODUCTIVITY BASED ON OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS AND BLUP MODEL
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, ZHUMANOV K.ZH. , KARYMSAKOV T.N. , KINEEV M.A. , TAMAROVSKIY M.V. , BAIMUKANOV A.D.
Published: December 2020

According to the current “Instruction” used in dairy cattle selection and breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, bulls-producers of dairy breeds are assessed according to the their offspring quality based on the principle of “peer daughter”. This means that the phenotypic indicators of the daughters of the tested bulls are compared with the corresponding indicators of their peers. In European countries with developed dairy cattle breeding, as well as in Canada, the USA, etc., to ensure a reliable forecast of the genetic value of individuals (primarily, bulls-producers), use is made of the best linear unbiased forecast method (BLUP method). This method implies that the breeding value of producers is determined by the deviation values of the development of traits of the examined animal from its average values in the population. Especially urgent area is the research aimed at improving breeding programs, including assessing the breeding value of bulls-producers of dairy breeds using BLUP methods based on the productive qualities of the mass of dairy cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research material included the data on the phenotypic indicators of the milk productivity of first-calf cows (the amount of milk yield, the content of fat and protein in milk, the yield of milk fat and protein) of the Holstein black-motley dairy cattle breed, obtained from the information and analytical database of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016–2017. It was found that when evaluating according to the official “Instruction”, 16 sires out of 256 bulls (6.2%) got the stud category in 2016, 14 sires (9.2%) out of 152 bulls in 2017, and – 30 sires of 249 bulls (12.0%) over the cumulative period. The results of the conducted research prove that the use of the classic “Instructions” in dairy cattle breeding has lower efficiency (by 42.8–90.0%) as compared with the assessment of the breeding value of bulls based on the BLUP method.The selection of sire bulls into breeding groups based on the “peer daughter” methodology is not reliable enough and rather ineffective. Comparing the results of assessing the breeding qualities of sire bulls, obtianed using two methods in all compared periods (2016, 2017, 2016–2017), the authors established a clear superiority of the BLUP method over the current Instruction used in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
“I DEVOTED MYSELF TO SCIENCE…” (TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF V.V. RACHINSKIY)
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, SMOLINA G.A. , TORSHIN S.P.
Published: December 2020

The paper is a tribute to the 100th anniversary of V.V. Rachinsky, a Soviet physical chemist, Doctor of Chemistry, the founder of the Soviet school of radiochromatography, long-term Head of the Department of Applied Atomic Physics and Radiochemistry of Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The paper shows the formation stages of an outstanding scientist as a researcher and teacher. The authors particularly describe V.V. Rachinsky’s contribution to the development of radiological research at the Academy and to the development of radiochromatography methods.