bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Automated Method For Stem Diameter Measurement Based on Laser Module and Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Sheng , Li Rao , Li Huan , Ma Xiaowen , Ji Qiang , Xu Fu , Fu Hongping
Published: September 2022

Background: Stem diameter (SD) measuring is a crucial foundation for forest resource management. SD measuring in various scenarios necessitates the involvement of expert personnel. As a result, the adoption of automatic measurement methods is greatly expected. In this study, we built a device with an integrated image sensor and laser module to measure the SD of trees of varied diameters. The spot generated by the laser module on the tree stem can be utilized as reference information for measuring height and SD with this device. An end-to-end model is performed to identify the trunk in the panchromatic image, then SD is calculated from the linear relationship between the trunk contour and the spot diameter in pixels.
Results: We measured in three scenarios with different land cover types, i.e., transitional woodland/shrub, mixed forest, and green urban area. The overall SD ranges from 2.00 cm to 89.00 cm. To investigate the differences in measurements in different natural scenarios, we analyzed the accuracy of the device for measuring trees of different diameters. The results showed a high consistency between our method and the tape measure measurements. The absolute mean error was 0.36 cm and the root mean square error was 0.45 cm. Compared to most studies, our method demonstrates better versatility and exhibits higher performance. Our integrated device is low cost, portable, and without the assistance of a tripod.
Conclusion: Our method achieves the objective of automated measurements and is experimentally proven to possess the potential of efficient and accurate measurement of SD in natural scenarios. Although some limitations remain at present, the device can be employed as a means of forest inventory. In the future, the device can be further explored to be integrated into autonomous mobile robots for more scenarios.
Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumor Survivor and Caregiver Experiences with Multidisciplinary Telehealth
Authors: Cacciotti Chantel , Chua Isaac S. , Cuadra Jennifer , Ullrich Nicole J. , Cooney Tabitha M.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Telehealth use to facilitate cancer survivorship care is accelerating; however, patient satisfaction and barriers to facilitation have not been studied amongst pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors. We assessed the telehealth experiences of survivors and caregivers in the Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Outcomes Clinic at Dana-Farber/ Boston Children’s Hospital.
Methods: Cross-sectional study of completed surveys among patients and caregivers with ≥ 1 telehealth multidisciplinary survivorship appointment from January 2021 through March 2022.
Results: Thirty-three adult survivors and 41 caregivers participated. The majority agreed or strongly agreed that telehealth visits started on time [65/67 (97%)], scheduling was convenient [59/61 (97%)], clinician’s explanations were easy-to-understand [59/61 (97%)], listened carefully/addressed concerns [56/60 (93%)], and spent enough time with them [56/59 (95%)]. However, only 58% (n=35/60) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed they would like to continue with telehealth and 48% (n=32/67) agreed telehealth was as effective as in person office visits. Adult survivors were more likely than caregivers to prefer office visits for personal connection [23/32 (72%) vs 18/39 (46%), p=0.027].
Conclusion: Offering telehealth multi-disciplinary services may provide more efficient and accessible care for a subset of pediatric CNS tumor survivors. Despite some advantages, patients and caregivers were divided on whether they would like to continue with telehealth and whether telehealth was as effective as office visits. To improve survivor and caregiver satisfaction, initiatives to refine patient selection as well as enhance personal communication through telehealth systems should be undertaken.
The extent of trees in the tropics
Authors: Brandt John , Ertel Jessica , Spore Justine , Stolle Fred
Published: September 2022

Remote sensing-based assessments of tree cover and extent provide insight into global and local land use planning. However, there remains considerable uncertainty about the extent of drylands forests and trees in areas with non-forest land use. Here, we present a 10-meter tree extent map for 4.35 billion hectares in the tropics (-23.44° to 23.44° latitude) based on multitemporal composites of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 analyzed with convolutional neural networks. We identify 2,719 million hectares of tropical land with ≥10% tree cover, including 680 million hectares in drylands. We find that 52% of tropical cropland and 46% of tropical urban areas had ≥10% tree cover in 2020. Compared to previous datasets, we demonstrate improved ability to map fragmented and open canopy forests at small spatial scales, especially in drylands, urban areas, and on cropland. As such, this data is expected to enable improved monitoring of tree dynamics at local scales.
Elucidating Precipitation in FeCrAl Alloys through Explainable AI: A Case Study
Authors: Roy Indranil , Ravi Sandipp Krishnan , Roychowdhury Subhrajit , Feng Bojun , Ghosh Sayan , Reynolds Christopher , Umretiya Rajnikant V. , Rebak Raul B. , Hoffman Andrew K.
Published: September 2022

Primary challenge of using FeCrAl in high temperature industrial setting is the formation of α’- precipitates that causes brittleness in the alloy, resulting in failure through fracture. The precipitation causes hardness change during thermal aging which is sensitive to both alloy composition and experimental condition (i.e., temperature and time of heat treatment). A Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model is built on the hardness data collected at GE Research. Subsequently, for the first time, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) built upon the GPR is used as an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) tool to understand the effect of feature values in driving the hardness change. Several key insights are affirmed and obtained from a material science perspective.
Solid state fermentation as a comprehensive tool in producing low cost shrimp feed
Authors: Jannathulla R.
Published: September 2022

Fermented plant proteins are being used as a potential alternative in shrimp feed with varying degrees of success due to the demand and high cost of fishmeal. However, the greater part of earlier reports restricted in assessing their nutrient utilization rather than addressing the economic benefits. Hence, the present study is aimed to derive the economic efficiency of solid-state fermentation (SSF) using our earlier reports. Fishmeal, in our earlier studies, was gradually replaced (w/w) by using both various untreated and fermented plant proteins. According to our earlier results, fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the range of inclusion level of plant proteins from 2.5–25 to 5–35%. The formulation cost was computed in the present study based on ingredients cost obtained from three different feed mills, in India, and was INR 63.5/kg for a diet containing no fishmeal replacement (control). Substitution of fishmeal using both untreated and fermented ingredients reduced the formulation cost and the reduction was INR 3.5–6.1/kg for fermented ingredients, while it was 1.5-3.0/kg for untreated ones. Results conclude that SSF could be a comprehensive tool in producing low-cost shrimp feed.
A tri-level fortification model for edge protection against intentional attacks in the capacitated vehicle routing problem
Authors: Nobari E. , Shirazi Mohsen Akbarpour , MirHassani S.A.
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, the issue of interdiction in human-made infrastructures has become increasingly important. The world, after 9/11, recognized the importance of addressing major infrastructures vulnerabilities and protecting them against intentional disruptions. Networks such as transportation networks or electrical grids are one of the most important network infrastructures in which any disruption can cause irreparable costs and customer service declination. Therefore, the phenomenon of interdiction and fortification of network components against possible attacks such as terrorist acts or military operations has been of great importance in the field of research. In this research we develop a tri-level model to obtain optimal edge protect plan for existing network against deliberate attacks on the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). The vehicle routing problem is one of the most important issues in the distribution and transportation field, where a fleet of vehicles tries to meet demand points in the least possible cost. Protecting edges from deliberate disturbances in this issue has not been addressed in the literature so far. The problem is strictly NP-Hard and we employ the heuristic approaches to solve it. The main idea behind our approach is to iteratively sample the tri-level solution space so that instead of solving the CVRP. This approach called backward sampling framework. We also introduce a Nested Genetic Algorithm (NGA) to accelerate algorithm implementation which numerical experiments prove the effectiveness of this approach in solving the problem.
Apple leaf disease identification via improved CycleGAN and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Yiping , Pan Jinchao , Wu Qiufeng
Published: September 2022

The identification of apple leaf diseases is crucial to reduce yield reduction and timely take disease control measures. Employing machine learning-based methods, such as deep learning for accurate identification of multiple apple leaf diseases is challenging because of the limited availability of samples for supervised training and the serious class imbalance. Hence, this paper proposes an accurate deep learning-based pipeline to solve the problem of limited data sets on farms and reduce the partiality due to serious class imbalance. Firstly, this paper proposes the improved cycle-consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN) to generate synthetic samples to improve the learning of data distribution and solve the problems of small data sets and class imbalance. On the basis of CycleGAN, two discriminators are introduced: one to judge whether the image is true or false, and one to judge whether the leaf image has disease. Specifically, healthy leaves are converted into disease-carrying leaves using two models, health-to-scab and health-to-rust to balance apple leaf disease datasets. Secondly, ResNet is trained as a baseline convolutional neural network classifier to classify apple leaf diseases. In experimental results, this paper carries out some experiments on evaluation of quality of the generated images by the improved CycleGAN and the performance of ResNet in terms of datasets and metrics. First of all, through qualitative observation of generated images and quantitative metrics, such as GAN-train and GAN-test, the generated diseases images from healthy image by the improved CycleGAN are superior to state of the art. Second, some experiments were carried out to verify the performance of the classification model, such as comparing five mainstream classification models and comparing them with traditional data augmentation methods. The results show that ResNet has the highest recognition accuracy on the test set, reaching 97.78%, and the classification accuracy is significantly improved by the generated synthetic samples (+14.7%). Finally, the experiment result of t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) visually confirmed that the images generated by improved CycleGAN have much better quality and are more convincing. Beyond that, a Visual Turing Test with three botanists showed that the generated images are indistinguishable from real apple leaf images.
Critical Determinants of the Competitiveness of the Ghanaian Construction Industry
Authors:   Department of Building Technology, Tamale Technical University, Tamale, GHANA, Osman Abdul Manaan , Liu Yi Sheng ,   Department of Engineering Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, CHINA
Published: September 2022

Construction industry’s contribution to the development of nations has been well documented in the literature. Some authors argue that the construction industry offers one of the most significant avenues through which infrastructure is provided for almost every sector of economy. Yet, studies focusing on the development of the construction industry are replete with problems regarding the numerous competitiveness determinants to consider, not only from where and whom to collect the data but also the type and range of data. This study investigates the essential factors influencing the competitiveness of the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI) using Michael Porter’s Diamond Model. Factor analysis revealed four underlying constructs that determine the competitiveness of the GCI. These include industrial resources availability, construction business strategies and project management, stakeholders’ demands and performance and government role and industry development policy. The study highlights that more emphasis should be placed on macro-variables of GCIs at the national level and senior managers in GCI should integrate advanced management processes and techniques in construction business management to improve upon their performances. In addition, the results from the current study may help inform and direct government policies towards repositioning and engendering the competitiveness of the GCI, while providing international construction firms entering the GCI with first-hand information about the performance of the GCI.
Portada y contraportada
Authors: Alvites-Huamaní Cleofé Genoveva
Published: September 2022

Portada y contraportada del volumen 9(2) de Hamut'ay.
Unveiling trading patterns: iTraxx Europe financials from the great financial crisis to ECB monetary easing
Authors: Alberta Oliveira Maria , Santos Carlos
Published: September 2022

Financial stability is a statutory concern of the European Central Bank. Spreads of bank credit default swaps (CDS) indices are a reference for financial stability, but the literature is scarce in this respect. This paper poses the novel research question of which characteristics of investors in these derivatives are implied by the volatility behavior of the returns of financial CDS indices. Daily spread returns for the 5-year maturity iTraxx Europe Financials (subordinated and senior), for the period between June 2004 and March 2015, are used to estimate a GJR-M model with Student t innovations, and two MGARCH models (one with constant and the other with dynamic conditional correlations). The results show that investors in the index referring to subordinated debt are risk averse (risk premium estimate of 0.688) and liable to leverage effects, while investors in the index for senior debt do not have such characteristics. The degrees of freedom of the Student t innovations are estimated to be 4 for both indices, implying that returns have distributions with very fat tails. Population excess kurtosis diverges to infinity. The results show that the conditional correlation between the indices is dynamic. Although correlations vary widely, most of that variation occurs before the Euro Area crisis. It is concluded that the inclusion of both indices in a portfolio would be misadvised for bear markets with distressed financial entities: the correlations are always positive, above 0.75 since 2010. Moreover, both indices prove to be sensitive to the varying surrounding conditions as investors share market sentiments.
AcknowledgmentsNECE’s research is funded by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., Project UIDB/04630/2020CEBER’s research is funded by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., Project UIDB/05037/2020
 
Mainstreaming Religious Moderation in Male Tradition of the Balinese Muslim Community
Authors: Saihu Made , Islamy Athoillah
Published: September 2022

The plural societies, on the one hand, are an asset. However, it can also lead to social conflict. This study aims to uncover the values of moderatism found in the Male tradition in Jembrana, Bali. This article is qualitative research with an interpretive method. The data were collected through observation and interviews. This study reveals that there are values of religious moderation found in the Male tradition practiced by the Muslim community in Jembrana, Bali. The tradition contains integration between Islamic teachings and traditions that do not conflict with the normative teachings of Islam. The tradition involves not only the Muslims but also the Hindus. Thus, the social harmony and co-existence among religious believers are firmly established through Male tradition. This study expectedly contributes to giving more references for mainstreaming religious moderation based on the factual case in Indonesia. Theoretically, it also supports the government’s formulation of the indicators of religious moderation in creating a harmonious relationship among believers through local tradition preservation. Yet, this study has not explained the concrete strategy taken by the Jembrana local government regarding the success of mainstreaming religious moderation in the practice of Male tradition.
Revisiting Ritual and Ancestral Practice: Belief and Belonging within the Jamasan Bende Tradition in Bumijawa Tegal, Central Java
Authors: Rahman Luthfi , Fajriyani Gita , Triani Pahlevi Nova , Aslan Ednan
Published: September 2022

This study focuses on religio-cultural values and meanings within the ritual of Jamasan Bende (Bende washing) on 10th Rabi’ul Awal in Bumijawa, Tegal, Central Java, Indonesia. The topic is interesting as religious and cultural values intermingle within a local practice. It can be seen from how the ritual is accompanied by the recitation of the holy verses of the Qur'an. It signifies that ancient ritual traditions have begun to fade in society because they are considered to contain mystical beliefs and heretical elements handed down from the inhabitants’ ancestors. However, the successors have been trying to advocate and revitalize it instead of abolishing it. It is qualitative research that serving as a field study. The approach used in this research is phenomenology. It digs deeper into interviewing people practicing the ritual and documenting things concerning it. It employs magi theory and theoretical stances from Marshall’s ritual theory that heavily focuses on the issue of religious ritual simultaneously.
Factors predicting proper handwashing practice amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in India: a field-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gupta Shibaji , Das Debasis , Chakraborty Arup , Banerjee Rudradeep
Published: September 2022

Proper handwashing is one of the effective ways to prevent many communicable diseases, including COVID-19. We explored the handwashing practices in a rural Indian population before the probable third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A data collection schedule was administered to eligible adult members of a rural community, selected by multi-stage sampling, to assess their pattern and practice of handwashing. All 176 respondents washed their hands after defecation, 82.4 and 80.7% washed hands after urination and before taking food, respectively, while 68.2% of respondents washed hands after coming back from outdoors. Among those who handwashed, 82.9% used soap water after defecation; 46.2, 45.8 and 50.8% washed hands with soap water after urination, before taking food and after visiting outdoors, respectively. Only a quarter (24.4%) of all the participants used soap water for handwashing consistently after defecation, after urination, before taking food and after coming home. The more educated, those coming from higher socioeconomic stratum and working from home, were more likely to report proper handwashing practice. Handwashing, as recommended by health agencies, for restraining COVID-19 infection, was not noticed in the majority of the participants. Better awareness of handwashing is recommended to help restrain COVID-19 in the Indian population.
Las hojas de bihao se agitan. La curación entre los embera chamí de Caimalito, Colombia
Authors: David Marulanda García David
Published: September 2022

Este artículo analiza un canto de curación embera mediante observación participante en Caimalito, Colombia. El jaibanismo, término derivado del nombre que se les da a los médicos tradicionales embera o jaibanás, es central en la vida de este grupo y tiene implicaciones en actividades que van más allá de la curación. Este fenómeno es una concepción de mundo y una fuente importante de poder en ese mundo de fuerzas sociales, naturales y espirituales. Aquí se propone analizar las particularidades de este canto en un corregimiento mestizo. En la primera parte se describe una ceremonia de curación con un jaibaná en Caimalito mediante una inmersión etnográfica. En la segunda se discuten los cambios y las continuidades con la literatura etnográfica del jaibanismo.
Multiculturalismo, pluralismo y la guerra de los mundos en el Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano
Authors: Martínez Dueñas William Andrés
Published: September 2022

Una conclusión general del dossier puede ser que las constituciones pluralistas o multiculturales, o los diferentes matices entre estas dos nociones, no son lo mejor que pudimos construir, pero han sido un punto de partida muy importante para hacer evidente lo que Latour llamó la guerra de los mundos (Latour, 2000), un conflicto que subyace más allá de la política y la cultura, que se siente en los cuerpos y los territorios, donde lo que está en cuestión es el mundo mismo.
On the calculation of a set of spare parts that have two types of failures
Authors: Antonov A. V. , Chepurko V. A.
Published: September 2022

Aim.The paper aims to develop an algorithm that would allow finding the requirednumber of items (SPTA) for a complex system, whose elements may or may not be maintainable.

Methods.Markov models were used for describing the system. The final probabilities wereobtained using the Kolmogorov equation. The Kolmogorov system of equations has a stationarysolution. Classical methods of the probability theory and mathematical dependability theory wereused.

Conclusions.The paper formalizes the problem of determining the required number ofSPTAsfor a system with elements that have a probability of being repaired. A Markov graph is constructed. Using induction, a stationary solution was found for the Kolmogorov system ofequations. An example of finding the required number of SPTAs is given.
Analysis of the application of Bayesian estimates as part of practical problems in dependability that involve models intended for groups of homogeneous products
Authors: Khramov S. M. , Rudkovsky D. M. , Mikhailov V. M.
Published: September 2022

. Experts in applied dependability are showing an increasing interest in the Bayesian theory. However, the Bayesian approach is not generally accepted by mathematical statistics and dependability researchers. The doubts about its practical applicability are primarily due to the fact that it allows for subjective probabilities. In practice, homogeneous product models are normally considered, i.e., each item in the evaluated batch is characterized by the same selected dependability value. In the case of Bayesian statistical estimation, the model involves heterogeneous products, however, in the course of steady production, it is not considered normal to manufacture products with varied dependability, which calls into question the adequacy of Bayesian statistical estimation methods.

Aim. It is demonstrated that using Bayesian estimators that employ models designed for homogeneous products in dependability is erroneous.

Methods of research. For the purpose of finding effective estimates within a selected class, integral numerical characteristics of the accuracy of estimation were used, namely, total squared bias of the expected implementation of a certain variant estimate from the examined parameters of the distribution laws, etc.

Conclusions. 1. For any result, the realizations of Bayesian estimates are grouped within the dogma of mean – ≈pα = 1 – α / (α + β), while classical ≈Р2 = 1 – R/N  and integral ≈Р4 unbiased estimates respond adequately to any external changes. The use of Bayesian estimates in dependability, when models designed for homogeneous products are employed, is erroneous, and there is no need to use them. 2. Bayesian estimates should only be used for groups of heterogeneous products. 3. Instead of Bayesian estimates, integral biased estimates should be used in dependability, when models designed for homogeneous products are employed.
Using the Bayes estimator for Weibull parameters estimation taking into account left-truncated and rightcensored data
Authors: Nikolaev D. A. , Antonov A. V. , Chepurko V. A.
Published: September 2022

Today, when operation of commercial plants is organised, they are expected to comply to constantly increasing requirements for safety, dependability and efficiency of operation. The methods and procedures that are employed for the purpose of improving the safety and dependability of commercial plants are based on the information on the dependability of components, systems and equipment. In order to identify the objective dependability characteristics of such facilities, their behaviour in operation is monitored. In the course of facility operation monitoring, periods of continuous fault-free operation, periods of downtime, causes of downtime, failures, defects and malfunctions of items, frequency and depth of preventive maintenance of elements and systems, as well as other information are recorded. It should be noted that elements and systems of today’s industrial facilities, such as nuclear power plants, petrochemical complexes, etc., are classified as highly dependable equipment. Failures of such equipment are rare. The number of same-type facilities is extremely small.

Aim. Given the above, the problem arises of developing methods for reliable estimation if item dependability characteristics on the basis of limited statistical information.

Method. The paper examines a method for calculating facility dependability indicators on the basis of statistical information obtained in operation, i.e. a method for minimising the risk function while taking into account left-truncated and right-censored data for the purpose of Weibull distribution parameter estimation.

Conclusions. By way of example, the authors refer to a method for evaluating dependability indicators based on complete, right-censored and left-truncated operation times, as, in practice, such combination is quite common. The form of likelihood functions for the Weibull distribution is given. A test case is examined, whereas, using the risk function minimisation, estimates of the Weibull distribution parameters are obtained for a sample that contains full, left-truncated and right-censored data. The authors examined the variation in the Weibull distribution values and their accuracy depending on the proportion of truncated and censored data.
Avaliação da intensidade luminosa no desenvolvimento inicial de espécies frutíferas nativas do cerrado
Authors: Graziela Martins dos Santos  , Julio Cesar Queiroz Corrêa de Paiva  , Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon  , Rosilda Mara Mussury
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de vários níveis de luz em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento na anatomia do limbo foliar de Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (guavira) e Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangaba), com vistas a determinar a melhor condição para o crescimento inicial das mudas. Após a coleta, os frutos foram despolpados, e as sementes, selecionadas manualmente e distribuídas em Gerbox acondicionadas em biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) a 25º C com fotoperíodo de 16 horas, em que permaneceram por todo o período de germinação. Mais tarde, as plântulas foram transferidas para sacos plásticos contendo terra e areia (1:1) e colocadas em distintos tratamentos de luz. Realizaram-se as análises da anatomia foliar em três épocas de desenvolvimento: 90, 120 e 150 dias depois do transplante Em cada uma das datas se calcularam o índice estomático e a espessura média da cutícula, da epiderme do parênquima paliçádico, do parênquima lacunoso e da nervura central. Observou-se que não houve modificação no número de camadas dos tecidos foliares, mas sim na espessura dos tecidos, nas condições testadas, sendo para a guavira e a mangaba a condição de pleno sol e 70% de luz a que apresenta melhor desenvolvimento dos tecidos.
Levantamento etnobotânico da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal
Authors: Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira Sousa  , Gisele Lopes dos Santos  , Marília Hortência Batista Silva Rodrigues  , Roberto Ferreira Barroso  , Erllan Tavares Costa Leitão  , José Jaciel Ferreira dos Santos
Published: September 2022

A caatinga representa um importante patrimônio brasileiro, destacando-se pela diversidade de espécies. Contudo é um bioma que vem sofrendo com a degradação ocasionada principalmente pelo processo de urbanização. A arborização, empregando espécies nativas e sua identificação em parques, praças e ambientes educacionais modificados por esse processo, é vista como alternativa para a diminuição da degradação ambiental e a preservação do bioma. Nessa perspectiva, objetivouse realizar um levantamento etnobotânico da área urbanizada pela Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, campus Pombal. Para isso, foi realizada a quantificação das espécies, com coletas efetuadas no período de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. As espécies encontradas foram identificadas com auxílio do Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos – Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia e do Manual de Identificação de Plantas Arbóreas Nativas do Brasil. Registraram-se 567 indivíduos, distribuídos em 48 espécies e 27 famílias botânicas. Dentre estas, nim (Azadirachta indica), espécie exótica, apresentou maior população, seguida por jurema (Mimosa tenuiflora), nativa da caatinga. A família que mais se destacou foi Fabaceae, seguida de Meliaceae. Verifica-se que as espécies exóticas predominaram sobre as nativas e que há necessidade do correto planejamento da arborização na localidade.
Tolerance of chia seeds to copper
Authors: Raquel Stefanello  , Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen  , Carmine Aparecida Lenz Hister  , Ubirajara Russi Nunes
Published: September 2022

Environmental contamination by toxic metals has become a problem for plants, animals and man. Among the toxic metals present in the environment, copper (Cu) is the most important contaminant and can, when excess in water or soil, cause disturbances in the growth and development of plants, reducing the productivity of crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of chia seeds to copper during germination. The seeds were placed on paper soaked in aqueous copper solution at concentrations corresponding to zero (distilled water); 60; 120; 180 and 240 mg L-1. The evaluated parameters were: percentage of germination, first count, total length, shoot and root length and dry mass of seedlings. The increase of copper concentration in the substrate promoted a significant decrease in seed germination, growth and dry mass of chia seedlings. It is concluded that chia seeds moderately tolerate exposure to copper at concentrations of up to 120 mg L-1 of Cu in the germination phase and up to 60 mg L-1 in the initial development phase.
Caracterização dendrológica da família Salicaceae em um remanescente de floresta ombrófila mista
Authors: Thomas Gustavo Rau  , Christopher Thomas Blum
Published: September 2022

A família Salicaceae é representada por espécies que podem ser de difícil identificação, especialmente na ausência de caracteres reprodutivos. Por essa razão, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os caracteres vegetativos de espécies da família Salicaceae, visando a sua diferenciação. Para a caracterização de tronco, casca externa (CE) e casca interna (CI) foram selecionados dez indivíduos de cada espécie. Para a caracterização dos ramos e folhas foram coletados quatro ramos de três indivíduos por espécie. O gênero Xylosma diferencia-se pela presença de espinhos ramificados no caule. X. pseudosalzmanii possui folhas glabras, enquanto em X. ciliatifolia estas são pilosas. Das outras espécies pilosas, Casearia lasiophylla apresenta tricomas simples, e Banara tomentosa tem tricomas estrelados. Nas espécies com folhas glabras, não se verificam pontuações translúcidas em folhas de Banara parviflora, enquanto estas ocorrem mais concentradas na margem em Casearia obliqua e de distribuição homogênea em Casearia sylvestris e Casearia decandra; a primeira apresenta CI compacta, e a segunda possui CI laminada. Características de CE, CI, ramos e folhas mostram-se especialmente variáveis entre as espécies analisadas, tornando possível a elaboração de uma chave dicotômica para sua identificação baseada apenas em caracteres vegetativos.
Entomofaunistic diversity of arthropods in cucumber farming (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Leonardo Severgnini  , Rafael Dal Bosco Ducatti  , Dannyelle Cristine Orsolin de Morais  , Siumar Pedro Tironi  , André Luiz Radünz  , Marco Aurélio Tramontin
Published: September 2022

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, 1753) stands out in the Brazilian agribusiness of vegetables as it can be consumed in salads (in natura or pickled) or even used for the production of cosmetics and drugs. During cucumber cultivation, several insectpests, mainly from the Orders Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, can cause significant yield losses. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the entomofaunistic diversity of arthropods in cucumber crop using Moericke and Pitfall traps. Cucumber seedlings were commercially obtained and grown up in the experimental area of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul – Campus Chapecó (SC). Three samplings were carried out between October and December, 2015. The sampled specimens were identified to the taxon of Order and placed in vials containing alcohol solution (70%). A total of 1.651 specimens were identified and classified into 11 different Orders. Pitfall traps sampled a greater number of orders (9) and specimens (1.309), with emphasis to the Order Hymenoptera (928). For the aerial traps (Moericke), 342 specimens, allocated in eight different Orders, were identified, with the Order Diptera as the most abundant one (153 individuals). Moericke and Pitfall traps showed a Shannon-Weaver diversity index of 1.53 and 1.02, respectively.
Viabilidade do extrato aquoso de Cyperus rotundus como indutor de enraizamento em estacas de videira em comparação com hormônios sintéticos
Authors: Leonardo Antonio Thiesen  , Denise Schmidt  , Ezequiel Holz  , Bruna Stringari Altissimo  , Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro  , Evandro Holz
Published: September 2022

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de tubérculos de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus), comparando-o com a ação dos hormônios vegetais ácido indolbutírico e ácido naftalenoacético, em estacas de videira (Vitis vinifera L. [var. Bordô e Niágara]). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas variedades (Bordô e Niágara) e quatro indutores de enraizamento (ácido indolbutírico, ácido naftalenoacético, extrato aquoso de tiririca e água destilada – controle). Após 125 dias de condução do experimento, foram avaliados: número de folhas, número de raízes, número de brotos, comprimento da raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz e das folhas. O extrato aquoso de tiririca promoveu resultados satisfatórios sobre o número de brotos e o comprimento de raízes, não diferindo estatisticamente dos hormônios vegetais sintéticos. Entretanto a resposta foi diferente entre as variedades, não ocasionando incremento significativo de massa seca de raiz e de folhas. O número de folhas das variedades de videira é dependente do genótipo, assim como a matéria seca de raiz e de folhas. O extrato aquoso de tiririca pode ser uma alternativa sustentável para promover o enraizamento de estacas, em função da presença de substâncias que estimulam o enraizamento.
Etiologia, patogenicidade e transmissão de fungos associados às sementes de espécies florestais do cerrado
Authors: SILVA Tayanne Graciette Nascimento , GIONGO Marcos Vinicius , Rotili Eliane Aparecida , MOURÃO Dalmarcia de Souza Carlos , DALCIN Mateus Sunti , SANTOS Gil Rodrigues dos
Published: September 2022

A qualidade sanitária das sementes é um fator importante na germinação e na sobrevivência das plantas florestais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de espécies do cerrado, bem como identificar os fungos associados a essas sementes, avaliando sua etiologia, patogenicidade e transmissão a seis espécies florestais do cerrado: Senegalia polyphylla, Parkia pendula, Jacaranda brasiliana, Astronium fraxinifolium, Tabebuia impetiginosa e Apeiba tibourbou. Entre as espécies analisadas com problemas de germinação, três possuem dormência. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de germinação, emergência de plântulas, avaliação da sanidade de sementes, transmissão semente[1]plântula, etiologia e patogenicidade de fungos associados às sementes e plantas. Verificou-se maior porcentagem de germinação de sementes e emergência nas espécies P. pendula, A. fraxinifolium e S. polyphylla. No teste de sanidade nas sementes, a assepsia reduziu a incidência de fungos em sementes florestais. Em relação à transmissão, os gêneros Curvularia, Fusarium e Colletotrichum apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de transmissão das sementes para as plântulas. Entre os fungos identificados, o gênero Curvularia foi potencialmente patogênico a S. polyphylla. O gênero Fusarium foi patogênico a duas espécies florestais: A. fraxinifolium e A. tibourbou.
Qualidade sanitária de sementes de Eugenia involucrata DC. e Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Quevedo Alexsandra Cezimbra , Saldanha Mateus Alves , Brião Muniz Marlove Fátima , Sarzi Janaina Silva , Rabuske Jéssica Emilia
Published: September 2022

A família Myrtaceae apresenta diversidade de espécies nativas no Brasil. Eugenia involucrata DC. e Eugenia uniflora L. são frutíferas nativas importantes para a recuperação de regiões degradadas e de áreas de preservação permanente, e ambas as espécies são utilizadas em arborização urbana e paisagismo. Este estudo visou avaliar a sanidade das sementes de cerejeira-do-mato e pitangueira por meio de dois métodos de detecção e avaliar a transmissão de fungos associados às sementes para as plântulas. Para tanto, compararam-se duas formas de detecção de fungos – o meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) e o método blotter-test –, sendo os tratamentos com ou sem a assepsia superficial, e avaliou-se a transmissão de fungos associados às sementes para as plântulas, em sementes oriundas da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Identificaram-se os seguintes gêneros fúngicos associados às sementes: Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Glomerella sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Phomopsis sp., Rhizopus sp. e Trichoderma sp. Os fungos transmitidos via semente para plântula foram Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp. e Cladosporium sp. O método blotter-test é o mais sensível para a detecção de fungos em sementes de cerejeira-do-mato e pitangueira. A assepsia superficial das sementes reduz a incidência de fungos infestantes.
Quantificação da área de desadaptação marginal de sistemas restauradores estéticos usados em inlays indiretas
Authors: Gleidson Rocha Arouca  , Paulo Sérgio Souza da Silva  , Antonio Fernando Monnerat  , Rogério Luiz de Oliveira Mussel
Published: September 2022

A desadaptação marginal em restaurações do tipo inlay é um problema crítico para dentistas, em razão das consequências danosas que sua intensidade pode causar ao dente, ao periodonto e à longevidade da restauração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, pelo cálculo da área combinado à maior distância entre a borda cervical da restauração e do preparo, o desajuste marginal cervical de dois sistemas de compósito e um de cerâmica prensada. Material e métodos: Tendo como base um modelo mestre metálico com preparo para inlay MOD, 15 troquéis de gesso tipo IV foram obtidos e distribuídos em três grupos (n = 5): Empress, Sinfony e Z350. Após a confecção das restaurações, cada peça foi posicionada no modelo mestre e fotografada nas faces mesial e distal para, por meio de um programa de análise de imagens, fazer a quantificação da desadaptação marginal cervical. Resultados: Quanto à área de desadaptação marginal cervical, houve diferença (P < 0,05) entre todos os grupos, e o Empress apresentou os maiores valores, seguido pelo Sinfony e pelo Z350. Empress e Sinfony demonstraram, respectivamente, áreas de desadaptação 280% e 110% maiores que Z350. No tocante à maior distância entre as bordas da restauração e as margens do preparo, os grupos Empress e Sinfony foram iguais entre si e estatisticamente diferentes (P < 0,05) do Z350, proporcionando, nesta ordem, desadaptação 215% e 120% maior em relação ao grupo Z350. Conclusão: Tanto para o cálculo da área de desadaptação marginal no terço cervical como para o cálculo da maior distância entre a borda cervical da restauração e do preparo, a desadaptação marginal foi menor no grupo Z350, seguido por Sinfony e Empress. Na análise da desadaptação marginal cervical, todos foram considerados aceitáveis para a prática clínica.
Severidade de fluorose dental em um grupo de escolares
Authors: Susy Yukie Fujibayashi  , Felipe Belmonte Archetti  , Simone Pizzatto  , Estela Maris Losso  , Eduardo Pizzatto
Published: September 2022

Introdução e objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência e a severidade de fluorose dental em um grupo de escolares do município de Campo do Tenente (PR), de modo a comparar o teor médio de flúor presente na água de abastecimento público e discutir acerca dos valores efetivos para fluoretação das águas de abastecimento e da necessidade de um controle da concentração de flúor na água de que a população dispõe. Material e métodos:Foram examinadas 362 crianças, todas matriculadas em escolas públicas de ensino fundamental, procedimento feito por uma única examinadora previamente calibrada para aplicação do índice de Dean. Das crianças analisadas, 90 estavam acometidas por algum grau de fluorose; dessas 90, 40 retornaram com o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido assinado pelos pais/responsáveis para assim participar da pesquisa. Resultados: Das crianças que consentiram em fazer parte da investigação, 42,5% apresentaram grau leve de fluorose e 32,5% tinham grau moderado. Observou-se ainda que a média dos teores de flúor das águas de abastecimento público de 2004 foi de 1,7 ppm. Conclusão: Tais resultados demonstram que é preciso maior atenção para a situação na referida cidade, com a inclusão de heterocontrole e monitoramento constante das condições de saúde bucal da população.
The stress evaluation of root posts using the finite element analysis
Authors: Nerildo Luiz Ulbrich  , Ana Paula Gebert de Oliveira Franco  , João César Zielak  , Alvaro Luiz Mathias
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objective: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) the displacement and stress distribution of prefabricated serrated and tapered dental root posts of different compositions: carbon fiber, glass fiber and titanium. Material and methods: Through this biomechanical analysis a carbon fiber post (CF), a glass fiber post (GF) and a titanium post (TI) were compared according to their design (tapered [T]) and serrated [S]) and under a load of 250 N, at 45º, in order to simulate an occlusal load of a canine tooth. Results: FEA demonstrated the following maximum displacement (MXD) in millimeters: T.CF (tapered carbon fiber post) = 2.48 mm; T.GF = 1.58 mm; T.TI = 0.50 mm; S.CF = 7.66 mm; S.GF = 4.87mm. Conclusion: These results showed that the carbon fiber post demonstrated the greatest displacement, followed by the glass fiber and the titanium posts. The tapered design presented detachment values much lower than the serrated design.
Atypical appearance of epidermoid cyst in tongue’s ventral surface
Authors: Claudio Maranhão Pereira  , Patrícia Freire Gasparettov  , Tessa de Lucena Botelho
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Epidermoids cysts are benign and rare lesions in oral cavity. It presents as a nodular lesion of sessile base, soft to palpation. In the oral cavity, it most happens on the floor of the mouth’s midline. Without treatment, these lesions can lead to dysphagia, dysphonia and dyspnea due to reach a large size. Objective: To report a case of a 12-year-old boy presenting a lesion on the tongue’s ventral surface causing difficult to swallow. Case report: The patient was referred to the School of Dentistry of Paulista University, complaining about an asymptomatic nodule on the tongue’s ventral surface, lasting for 10 months. Clinical examination showed the extensive fibrous mass on the tongue’s medium anterior ventral surface. Conclusion: With a clinical diagnosis of dermoid, epidermoid cyst, or lipoma, an excisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination was consistent to the diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. The patient was followed up and 2 years after surgery there was no sign of recurrence.
Effects of catalase, 2% chlorhexidine gel and 1% sodium hypochlorite on the microtensile bond strength of teeth bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Ricardo Ferreira  , Tassiana Vieira Nunes  , Betsy Kilian Martins Luiz  , Rubens Nazareno Garcia
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objective: Dental bleaching is an effective, relatively simple and noninvasive technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of catalase, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and 1% sodium hypochlorite on the microtensile bond strength to enamel of bovine teeth submitted to internal and external bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Material and methods: Sixty bovine incisors were used. They had their debris removed, washed in tap water and stored frozen. The samples were divided into five experimental groups according to the treatment applied after bleaching (n = 12): 1 − control/no bleaching (C); 2 − catalase (CA); 3 − 2% chlorhexidine gel (CG); 4 − 1% sodium hypochlorite (SH); 5 − distilled water (DW). For microtensile test, samples were prepared into blocks of enamel/resin, which were sectioned to obtain hourglass-like specimens. Bond strength was calculated in MPa and data analyzed statistically by Anova (p < 0.05).Results: Microtensile bond strength means decreased in comparison to control group, but no statistically significant difference between groups was found. Conclusion: The substances used after dental bleaching did not result in statistically significant microtensile bond strength means of the tested groups.