bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-performance white organic light-emitting diodes with doping-free device architecture based on the exciton adjusting interfacial exciplex
Authors: Ying Shian , Zhang Shuai , Yao Jingwen , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: April 2020

A high-performance doping-free three-color WOLED with stable spectrum emission was achieved based on the exciton adjusting interfacial exciplex.
Cross-Sectional Trajectories of Mental State Language Development in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Channell Marie Moore
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This article (a) examined the cross-sectional trajectories of mental state language use in children with Down syndrome (DS) and (b) identified developmental factors associated with its use.

Method

Forty children with DS aged 6–11 years generated stories from a wordless picture book and completed an assessment battery of other linguistic, cognitive, and social–emotional skills. Their narratives were coded for mental state language density (the proportion of utterances containing mental state references) and diversity (the number of different mental state terms used).

Results

The emergence of mental state language use during narrative storytelling was observed across the sample; 0%–24% of children's utterances included references to mental states, and a variety of mental state terms were produced. Cross-sectional developmental trajectory analysis revealed that expressive vocabulary and morphosyntax were significantly related to increased mental state language density and diversity. Nonverbal emotion knowledge was significantly related to greater diversity of mental state terms used. Age and nonverbal cognition were not significant factors.

Conclusions

This first in-depth, within-syndrome characterization of mental state language use by school-age children with DS provides an important next step for understanding mental state and narrative development in this population. By identifying skills associated with the development of mental state language, this study provides an avenue for future longitudinal research to determine causal relationships, ultimately informing intervention efforts.
Broad-band spectral energy distribution of the X-ray transient Swift J1745−26 from outburst to quiescence
Authors: Chaty Sylvain , Fortin Francis , López-Oramas Alicia
Published: April 2020

Aims. We aim to analyse our study of the X-ray transient Swift J1745−26, using observations obtained from its outburst in September 2012, up to its decay towards quiescence in March 2013.

Methods. We obtained optical and infrared observations, through override programme at ESO/VLT with FORS2 and ISAAC instruments, and added archival optical (VLT/VIRCAM), radio and X-ray (Swift) observations, to build the light curve and the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) of Swift J1745−26.

Results. We show that, during its outburst and also during its decay towards quiescence, Swift J1745−26 SED can be adjusted, from infrared up to X-rays, by the sum of both a viscous irradiated multi-colour black body emitted by an accretion disc, and a synchrotron power law at high energy. In the radio domain, the SED arises from synchrotron emission from the jet. While our SED fitting confirms that the source remained in the low/hard state during its outburst, we determine an X-ray spectral break at frequency 3.1 ≤ νbreak ≤ 3.4 × 1014 Hz, and a radio spectral break at 1012 Hz ≤ νbreak ≤ 1013 Hz. We also show that the system is compatible with an absorption AV of ∼7.69 mag, lies within a distance interval of D ∼ [2.6 − 4.8] kpc with an upper limit of orbital period Porb = 11.3 h, and that the companion star is a late spectral type in the range K0–M0 V, confirming that the system is a low-mass X-ray binary. We finally plot the position of Swift J1745−26 on an optical-infrared – X-ray luminosity diagram: its localisation on this diagram is consistent with the source staying in the low-hard state during outburst and decay phases.

Conclusions. By using new observations obtained at ESO/VLT with FORS2 and ISAAC, and adding archival optical (VLT/VIRCAM), radio and X-ray (Swift) observations, we built the light curve and the broad-band SED of Swift J1745−26, and we plotted its position on an optical-infrared – X-ray luminosity diagram. By fitting the SED, we characterized the emission of the source from infrared, via optical, up to X-ray domain, we determined the position of both the radio and X-ray spectral breaks, we confirmed that it remained in the low-hard state during outburst and decay phases, and we derived its absorption, distance interval, orbital period upper limit, and the late-type nature of companion star, confirming Swift J1745−26 is a low-mass X-ray binary.
The MUSEHubbleUltra Deep Field Survey
Authors: Kusakabe Haruka , Blaizot Jérémy , Garel Thibault , Verhamme Anne , Bacon Roland , Richard Johan , Hashimoto Takuya , Inami Hanae , Conseil Simon , Guiderdoni Bruno , Drake Alyssa B. , Christian Herenz Edmund , Schaye Joop , Oesch Pascal , Matthee Jorryt , Anna Marino Raffaella , Borello Schmidt Kasper , Pelló Roser , Maseda Michael , Leclercq Floriane , Kerutt Josephine , Mahler Guillaume
Published: April 2020

Context.The Lyαemitter (LAE) fraction,XLAE, is a potentially powerful probe of the evolution of the intergalactic neutral hydrogen gas fraction. However, uncertainties in the measurement ofXLAEare still under debate.

Aims.Thanks to deep data obtained with the integral field spectrograph Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), we can measure the evolution of the LAE fraction homogeneously over a wide redshift range ofz ≈ 3–6 for UV-faint galaxies (down to UV magnitudes ofM1500 ≈ −17.75). This is a significantly fainter range than in former studies (M1500 ≤ −18.75) and it allows us to probe the bulk of the population of high-redshift star-forming galaxies.

Methods.We constructed a UV-complete photometric-redshift sample following UV luminosity functions and measured the Lyαemission with MUSE using the latest (second) data release from the MUSEHubbleUltra Deep Field Survey.

Results.We derived the redshift evolution ofXLAEforM1500 ∈ [ − 21.75; −17.75] for the first time with a equivalent width rangeEW(Lyα) ≥ 65 Å and found low values ofXLAE ≲ 30% atz ≲ 6. The best-fit linear relation isXLAE= 0.07+0.06−0.03z− 0.22+0.12−0.24. ForM1500 ∈ [ − 20.25; −18.75] andEW(Lyα) ≥ 25 Å, ourXLAEvalues are consistent with those in the literature within 1σatz ≲ 5, but our median values are systematically lower than reported values over the whole redshift range. In addition, we do not find a significant dependence ofXLAEonM1500forEW(Lyα) ≥ 50 Å atz ≈ 3–4, in contrast with previous work. The differences inXLAEmainly arise from selection biases for Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) in the literature: UV-faint LBGs are more easily selected if they have strong Lyαemission, henceXLAEis biased towards higher values when those samples are used.

Conclusions.Our results suggest either a lower increase ofXLAEtowardsz ≈ 6 than previously suggested, or even a turnover ofXLAEatz ≈ 5.5, which may be the signature of a late or patchy reionization process. We compared our results with predictions from a cosmological galaxy evolution model. We find that a model with a bursty star formation (SF) can reproduce our observed LAE fractions much better than models where SF is a smooth function of time.
Mt. Wendelstein imaging of comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak during the 2017 perihelion arc
Authors: Boehnhardt Hermann , Riffeser Arno , Ries Christoph , Schmidt Michael , Hopp Ulrich
Published: April 2020

Context.In April 2017 comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak (41P) passed perihelion close to Earth.

Aims.We present observations of the comet and aim to use these to characterize its dust environment in the coma and of physical properties of the nucleus.

Methods.41P was imaged in the visible at the Mt. Wendelstein observatory over 45 nights between 2017 March 11 and 2017 July 17. Photometry of the coma provides information on the dust activity of the comet. Nucleus dimensions are determined by comparing radial profiles of observed images with those from models of the brightness distribution in the near-nucleus coma. Coma and tail structures in the images are enhanced using adaptive Laplace filtering and image normalization techniques. The geometry of the coma structures found are compared to results from dust models of the comet in order to obtain information on the nucleus rotation axis and the location of active regions on the nucleus.

Results.Analyzing the evolution of the dust activity of the comet versus solar distance gives different results depending on the assumed phase angle corrections for the dust. Contamination from light emissions of the coma gas modified the colors in the coma and the slopes of the radial profiles. The light distribution in the very inner coma indicates some dust fragmentation close to the nucleus. The appearance of a prominent coma fan during the time period from March to May 2017 constrains the rotation axis of the nucleus (52 deg obliquity, 50 deg rotation angle of the perihelion meridian). This fan is produced by an extended region beyond about 50 deg latitude on the nucleus. Two narrow regions at low northern to equatorial latitudes were responsible for the time-variable occurrence of linear dust jets in the coma. An outburst of about 0.6 mag on 2017 May 11 generated various dust structures in the coma. The outburst originated from a region extending over a latitude range from +30 deg to −5 deg and released about 3000 tons of dust into the coma. The brightness of the nucleus indicates an equivalent radius of about 600 m and a minimum axis ratio larger than two.
Russian oil and gas industry as a sphere of international interests and economic cooperation
Authors: Larchenko Lyubov Vasilievna , Kolesnikov Roman Aleksandrovich , Mukhametova Liliya
Published: April 2020

Russia’s oil and gas resources fall within the sphere of interests of Western European and a number of Asian countries, mainly China, for which a stable supply of the economy with hydrocarbon raw materials is the most important factor in the development of the economy. At the same time, the vast majority of resources are located in the North and the Arctic zone of Russia. Under conditions of considerable uncertainty in the energy markets, international cooperation between the countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and Russia to regulate the functioning of the industry has deepened. The article shows that in the context of reduced resources, complicating mining conditions, coordination of efforts to conduct joint fundamental research work is necessary. Further successful economic cooperation should be based on the harmonization of the economic interests of all stakeholders.
Innovation potential as a guarantee of effective industrial enterprises development in the digital economy
Authors: Vasyaycheva Vera Ansarovna , Sakhabieva Galina Aleksandrovna , Novoselova Olga Vladimirovna , Solodova Elena Petrovna
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze and identify the key problems and reserves of growth of innovative activity of Russian industrial enterprises from the standpoint of the principles of development of the new economy. The works of domestic and foreign authors were studied to achieve this purpose. The study included methods of system analysis, methods of expert survey, method of statistical data analysis, which together allowed identifying the essence of the problem under study. The results of research were aimed at identifying the role of digital innovation, i.e. the introduction and use of new information and communication technologies to improve and manage business processes, increase the competitiveness of the domestic economy.
“Identity of place” in the context of urbanization
Authors: Semova Natalia Genadevna
Published: April 2020

The article shows that there is a contradictory process involving the growing influence of globalization and localization in Russia nowadays. The empirical base is the data of mass opinion surveys in the regions of Russia for years 2006-2017. The methods of analysis is the calculation of the location layer index, dispersion, and regression analysis. It is revealed that the spread of global practices may contradict the growing importance of local environment, manifested as “identity of place”. In the dynamics of Russian reality, the “identity of place” in its local, geographical terms is reduced. At the same time, the importance of family and professional circles of communication is increasing while the importance of communication on the basis of “place of living” is decreasing. This process is not contrary to the logic of urbanization. The growth of cities, the processes of agglomeration are getting people outside their local circles, and increasing the level of trust of individuals to strangers, but in Russia, these processes have decelerated and in some aspects changed their orientation. The weakness of such significant for socialization factors like education and type of employment seems worrisome.
Historical settlement of Vologda: historical and cultural landscape and three-dimensional and spatial structure of the city
Authors: Nikitina Elena M.
Published: April 2020

The article presents a comprehensive study of the city-forming significance of historical and cultural landscape in the three-dimensional and spatial composition and silhouette of Vologda. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of influence of the natural landscape components on the planning structure, the role of morphology of historical buildings for the perception of panoramas and views, including St. Sophia Cathedral, the cathedral bell tower and other city dominants.
Transforming regional infrastructure in food trade and catering as the economy is digitalized
Authors: Sycheva Natalia , Sycheva Irina , Sabinina Anna , Izmalkova Svetlana
Published: April 2020

One of the goals of sustainable development of the world economy is to reduce per capita food waste in food trade and catering. The transformation of regional infrastructure in food trade and catering should significantly affect the solution for this problem in production and supply chains in Russia as its economy is digitalized. A study of creation and operation of a regional information platform of food trade and catering at the retail and consumer levels, which should be built using end-to-end digital technologies to provide to the consumers information about products with limited sale times from food stores and catering organizations, is becoming particularly important in this process.
Microwave installation for accelerating the process of salting the food products
Authors: Poruchikov Dmitrii , Ershova Irina , Vasiliev Alexey , Samarin Gennady , Ruzhyev Viacheslav , Normov Dmitry , Zhukov Alexander
Published: April 2020

This article contains a description of the developed installation for salting and heat treatment of raw meat, which allows accelerate the salting process due to electrophysical effects. To provide the population with quality products from small-sized meat raw materials with reduced energy consumption, it is necessary to create rational conditions for their processing, ensuring the intensification of production processes based on the use of non-traditional types of energy carriers, and in particular electromagnetic waves of ultrahigh frequency. When raw materials are introduced into the resonator chamber in the developed installation, a traveling component appears in the standing wave, which transfers energy from the source to the raw material, which ensures its heating.
The effect of sweet potato powder on the physical, chemical and organoleptic indicators of bread quality
Authors: Yusupova G.G , Yusupov R.Kh
Published: April 2020

In the diet of the population of West African countries, there is a shortage of macro- and micronutrients, which negatively affects people’s health. Bakery products traditionally occupy a significant part in the diet. Sweet potato is a promising ingredient in the enrichment of bakery products. Sweet potato ranks seventh among crops in terms of prevalence and use in nutrition, because It is an unpretentious plant, resistant to drought, pests, diseases and can grow in flooded soils. An analysis of the data of finished products obtained by adding sweet potato powder obtained by infrared drying sweet potato powder into the dough in the amount of 5% and 10% by weight of flour showed that the shape stability of the samples increased by 4% and 2% compared to the control. When adding sweet potato powder in an amount of 10%, the specific volume increased by 6%, porosity - by 3%, acidity - by 25 - 37% compared with the control. When making juice from sweet potato in an amount of 50-70%, the specific volume of products increased by 9-21% compared with the control sample. The largest specific volume was possessed by products with the addition of sweet potato juice in an amount of 70% instead of the mass of water according to the product recipe. The acidity of bread increased by 6% in samples with the introduction of juice for 50 and 60%, and by 12% in the bread sample with the introduction of juice for 70%. The porosity of the crumb of bread increased slightly. A technique is proposed for determining the rational dose of adding powder and sweet potato juice to bread.
Device for automated magnetic pulse stimulation of plant production processes
Authors: Khort Dmitriy , Smirnov Igor , Kutyrev Alexey , Filippov Rostislav
Published: April 2020

Numerous studies of various physical factors show the promise of using pulsed magnetic fields in bioregulatory technologies to stimulate plant life and growth processes. As a result of exposure to garden strawberries with a low-frequency magnetic field, the quality of planting material improves, plant immunity increases, crop growth and development accelerates, the number and weight of berries increase. The article presents a developed automated device for magnetic pulse processing (MPP) of plants, considers the device, design and principle of its operation. The electrical circuit of the device and its technical characteristics are given. According to the results of a laboratory experiment, the magnetic field parameters of the working body of the device in the near zone of a flat spiral coil were established. The numerical value of the magnetic induction at a distance of 100 mm from the center of the coil is 8.3 mT.
Automated section for milling soil in near-trunk zones of orchard
Authors: Khort Dmitriy , Filippov Rostislav , Smirnov Igor , Kutyrev Alexey , Semichev Stepan
Published: April 2020

Machines used in gardens do not fully comply with the quality indicators of tillage, especially in the near-trunk zones of fruit trees. Theoretical analysis made it possible to establish that the preferred protective distance in the aisle of the garden should be at least 0.20 m in each direction, and in the inter-barrel space of the boles along a row of 0.38 m and to establish the optimal width of the extension section of 0.55 m. As a result of the research, an original design of the deflectable milling section of the garden milling cutter with an autonomous hydraulic system was proposed and developed, as working bodies knives with special sharpening are used. The tracking system of the remote section is equipped with a double remote probe, when exposed to which the section is retracted to the required distance to protect the trunk of a tree. The use of a deflectable milling section of a garden milling cutter allows to increase the accuracy and quality indicators of processing in the near-trunk zones of garden plantings, while the density of the soil decreases on average by 24%.
Thermo-chemical equilibrium modeling and simulation of biomass gasification
Authors: Demin Alexey , Dyganova Roza , Fakhreev Nail
Published: April 2020

Here, we present the results of numerical studies of biomass gasification using poultry litter, sewage sludge and wood waste (pine shavings) as examples of starting materials. The aim of the study was to find ways to increase the degree of biomass conversion to combustible gaseous products (CO, H2, CnHm) and to achieve high calorific value of the generated synthesis gas. Modeling biomass gasification was performed for a multicomponent reacting system in a state of thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium. The mathematical model and the calculation program created by the authors were used. The presence of a condensed phase in the form of fine particles of solid carbon and ash in biomass gasification products was taken into account. The optimal levels of gasification temperatures and conditions that help minimizing the concentration of solid carbon particles in gasification products were determined. For optimal biomass gasification, we recommend using the thermal energy obtained from burning part of the generated syngas.
Labor resource as a factor of modern agricultural production
Authors: Kurbatova Svetlana M. , Aisner Larisa Yu. , Naumov Oleg D.
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the personnel problem as an important factor in the development and digitalization of Russian economy in the field of agriculture. The problems of modern labor resources in agricultural production are highlighted. The ways of addressing the problems are explored: changing social working conditions, increasing motivational components both in the state policy in the field of agriculture and in the development of methods and mechanisms for managing labor resources at specific enterprises with special reference to the particular features of their production; creating the necessary modern infrastructure, updating the content of educational programs, training, retraining and professional development, improving the management mechanisms of the industry, etc.
Use of green tea for the production of sponge cake
Authors: Timoshenkova Irina , Moskvicheva Elena , Fedinishina Ekaterina , Bernavskaya Maya
Published: April 2020

The problem of micronutrient enrichment and the improvement of the technology for the production of flour confectionery products is relevant. The aim of the work is to study the possibility of using green tea to create sponge cake. The objects of study were Sencha green tea powders (Japan and China), wheat flour, their mixtures in different percentages and sponge cake. According to the obtained experimental data green tea powders is characterized by low humidity (5.0 ± 0.5) % and high acidity (5.8 ± 0.2) %. The content of flavonoids in tea is (52.5 ± 0.5) mg/100 g, the amount of β-carotene - (3.2 ± 0.5) mg/100 g. The following physical-chemical and technological parameters were determined in the finished products: moisture, porosity and swelling. Rheological characteristics of finished products were determined by the device “Structure meter ST-1M”. During storage of products the dynamics of microbiological indicators and water activity over 10 days was determined. The results objectively proved the possibility of using green tea for the production of flour confectionary products. Finished products had high organoleptic and rheological properties. The use of green tea enriched the product with phosphorus, iron, β-carotene and B vitamins.
Greening by grain waste recycling in cereal industry
Authors: Dyganova Roza , Gordeeva Alena
Published: April 2020

Ecologically feasible ways of cereal wastes recycling are considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. The description of granulation methods for waste is especially investigated and the most effective technical solution for the studied elevator is proposed. Grain wastes of category III are not suitable for cattle and poultry feeding, therefore, they are stored in the territories adjacent to a grain processing enterprise for a certain time, and then they are taken to the landfill or burnt. The wastes include the wastes from the process of grain cleaning with the grain content of not more than 2% and with the presence of straw particles - buckwheat, oats, barley and suction husks, scouring black dust. The given waste type of elevator has properties that make it possible to use them as a secondary material resource. Their recycling acquires an important environmental, economic and energy-saving significance. In Western Europe, the use of solid fuels - granules and briquettes - has become widespread. The main types of plant-growing subcomplex wastes in agro-industrial complex, which are used for solid, liquid or gaseous biofuels production, are straw, cut and husk of cereals crops, peeling, corn shell, flax bonfire and other plant materials.
Peculiarities of assessment of content of oil products in soils
Authors: Okolelova Alla , Zheltobryukhov Vladimir , Nefedieva Elena , Egorova Galina , Kaplya Veronika , Merzlyakova Anna
Published: April 2020

The permissible content of oil and petroleum products in the soil must have a reasonable regional standard. It should be based on presence of specific and non-specific organic compounds in each specific soil, as well as the natural conditions that cause the ability of the soil to self-cleaning, and its provincial characteristics. The value of concentrations of petroleum products in the soil at a biologically safe level has not been established now. It is impossible to justify the maximum permissible concentration of petroleum products in the soil, since they include compounds that are a necessary component of any soil. We calculated the accumulation coefficient for 106 oil fields in 15 geographical regions of the Russian Federation. The accumulation coefficient varies in a narrow range of 1.19-1.21. It is necessary to compare the results of analysis of contaminated soil with the soil before pollution or with the background to establish the fact of a decrease in soil fertility in pollution. We believe it mandatory to consider the background concentration of petroleum products, which is understood as non-specific organic compounds of soils. The question of rationing of petroleum products in the soil remains open to the present time.
The main obstacles for development of international activity with Russian-European chemical clusters: environmental aspect
Authors: Sultanova Dilbar , Maliashova Anna , Abzalilova Leisan , Sultanova Raida
Published: April 2020

The sustainable development of the continents depends on the uniform progressive development of European and Asian countries. Environmental issues (waste reduction, increasing the share of recyclable waste, the development of plastic recycling industries) are most important. An irresponsible attitude towards waste processing leads to global climatic and natural disasters. The main role is played by the support of global initiatives in the field of plastic waste processing. One of the ways of interaction between countries can be the formation of a cluster policy in the field of waste processing and disposal. The combined efforts of the chemical clusters of Russia and Europe in the face of the common problem of environmental and climate catastrophe can be its solution.
Main elements of nutrition content in the soil for maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment
Authors: Kozhukhov Alexey , Gurin Alexander , Rezvyakova Svetlana
Published: April 2020

The article presents data on the study of the main nutrition elements in the soil under maize crops, depending on the predecessors and methods of soil treatment in the conditions of ordinary Chernozem. The object of research is aKrasnodarsky 194MVhybrid of maize. Variants: 1. Fallow arable land (control); 2. Lupine as green manure; 3. Peas as green manure; 4. Binary sowing of lupine and peas as green manure; 5. Soy as green manure. The experiment was repeated three times, field placement was randomized, and area of each was 120 m². Agrotechnics of maize cultivation in the experiment corresponded to the recommendations for this zone. Green manure was plowed in during its reproduction phase. In the variants with green mass plowing to a depth of 23–25 cm, the largest amount of nitrate nitrogen was in the soil layer 0–20 cm. In the specified soil horizon, before sowing maize, the content of nitrate nitrogen ranged, depending on the variant, from 24.7 mg/kg to 42.8 mg/kg. In the soil layer 20–40 cm, the amount of nitrogen was lower, just 19.4–29.5 mg/kg. Similar dependence was observed for maize during its flowering phase. Tillage methods had almost no effect on the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm). As in all the variants, the differences in this indicator were within the experimental error. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen during the growing season was different. The greatest amount of it was observed during the spring period, both in versions with plowing to a depth of 25–28 cm and in versions with blade loosening to a depth of 10–12 cm. The smallest amount of available phosphorus, regardless of the method of soil preparation, in the layer 0–20 cm was on fallow arable land – 122 mg/kg during the sowing period and 104 mg/kg during the flowering period. In variants with cultivation of legumes as green manure, the content of available phosphorus in the specified horizon was significantly chigher, being 147–171 mg/kg. The highest content of exchangeable potassium was provided by lupine – 209–213 mg/kg in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and lupine sown together with peas – 196–207 mg/kg. The minimum amount of exchangeable potassium was 143–146 mg/kg in fallow arable land, depending on the method of soil treatment.
Fermentation of plant residues to produce biogas
Authors: Smyatskay Yulia , Politaeva Natalia , Atamanyk Irina , Sobgaida Daria
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we consider the process of producing biogas with a high methane content when used as a co-substrate for fermentation of plant residues of microalgae. Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana are a valuable source for obtaining valuable components such as lipids, pigments, proteins, chlorophyll and others. After the extraction of valuable components, residual biomass is formed, which requires further disposal. In this experiment, the digestion process is carried out using an inoculant — lyophilically dried activated sludge from sewage treatment plants in Hamburg in the amount of 450 ml and residual biomass of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana in the amount of 2.1 g. The studies were carried out in the Anaerobes Test system AMPT-II system. Fermentation produces 205 ml of methane gas.
Das Beste aus zwei Welten – Erfahrungsbericht: Auslandssemester in Australien
Authors: Offele Stella-Greta
Published: April 2020

Für den internationalen Physiotherapie-Abschluss verbrachte Therapeutin Stella-Greta Offele zwei Auslandssemester in Australien. Was sie dort erwartete, begeisterte die junge Therapeutin.
A Clinical Study of Noninvasive Assessment of Lung Lesions in Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) by Bedside Ultrasound
Authors: Lu Wuzhu , Zhang Shushan , Chen Binghui , Chen Jiaxin , Xian Jianzhong , Lin Yuhong , Shan Hong , Su Zhong Zhen
Published: April 2020

Purpose This study was conducted to explore the clinical value of noninvasive assessment of bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of lung lesions of Coronavirus Disease-19.

Methods In this retrospective study, 30 patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 admitted to our hospital from January 18 to February 5, 2020, were selected as the research subjects. All cases were examined by lung ultrasound and CT. Lung lesions were reviewed by blinded observers, with imaging scores being used to analyze the ultrasound findings of lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 and with chest CT being used as the reference standard. The clinical value of ultrasound in the noninvasive assessment of lung lesions was evaluated.

Results Lung ultrasound signs in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 were mainly manifested as interstitial pulmonary edema (90.0 %, 27/30) and pulmonary consolidations (20.0 %, 6/30). The lung lesions were mainly distributed in the subpleural and peripheral pulmonary zones. The lower lobe and the dorsal region had a greater tendency to be involved. There was moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.529) between the noninvasive assessment of bedside ultrasound for lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 and CT. The ultrasound scores to evaluate mild, moderate and severe lung lesions exhibited sensitivity of 68.8 % (11/16), 77.8 % (7/9), 100.0 % (2/2), specificity of 85.7 % (12/14), 76.2 % (16/21), 92.9 % (26/28), and diagnostic accuracy of 76.7 % (23/30), 76.7 % (23/30), 93.3 % (28/30), respectively. The follow-up dynamic ultrasound examination showed that the condition of all patients worsened gradually, with the ultrasound scores of lung lesions increasing to varying degrees.

Conclusion Though the diagnostic efficacy of bedside ultrasound is relatively low for mild to moderate patients, it is high for severe patients. Bedside ultrasound has important clinical significance for noninvasive assessment and dynamic observation of lung lesions in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19, which is worth further consideration.
A Practical 3D-Printed Model for Training of Endoscopic and Exoscopic Intracerebral Hematoma Surgery with a Tubular Retractor
Authors: Zhu Junhao , Wen Guodao , Tang Chao , Zhong Chunyu , Yang Jin , Ma Chiyuan
Published: April 2020

Objective To present a three-dimensional (3D)-printed model that simulates endoscopic and exoscopic intracerebral hematoma (ICH) surgery with a tubular retractor.

Methods We used 3D printing technology to develop the model that consisted of the skull frame and a replaceable inserted module. Edible gelatin and animal blood were placed into the module to mimic brain tissue and the hematoma. Twenty neurosurgeons were recruited to participate in our training program that required the use of an endoscope and an exoscope to aspirate the hematoma with a tubular retractor. Five postgraduates were asked to complete the entire training with the endoscope five times. Questionnaires were distributed for feedback after the training program.

Results The more experienced surgeons obviously performed better than the rather inexperienced surgeons, verifying that our model could reflect the ability of the trainees. As the training progressed, the scores of the postgraduates increased, and the average score of the fifth training was obviously higher than the first score. No significant differences were observed in the trainees' performance with the endoscope and the exoscope. The feedback questionnaires showed the average score for value of the simulator as a training tool was a 3.65 (on a 4-point scale). Our model received better comments regarding the bone texture (mean: 3.20), the brain tissue texture (mean: 3.20), and the experience in aspirating the hematoma (mean: 3.10). The surgical position (mean: 2.95), surgical approach (mean: 2.90), and simulated brain tissue (mean: 2.85) should be improved.

Conclusion Our model was practical for endoscopic and exoscopic ICH surgery training. The results of our program showed that prior surgical experience benefited the mastery of both the endoscopic and the exoscopic ICH surgery in the 3D-printed model. Our model could make mastering basic skills more efficient.
Retraction: Complementary Cast Immobilization Is Not Necessary after Intramedullary Fixation of Unstable Tibial Shaft Fractures in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Stenroos Antti , Laihinen Timo , Lybäck Carl , Puhakka Jani , Kosola Jussi
Published: April 2020

Retraction

The above article published in European Journal of Pediatric Surgery on April 15, 2020 (DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1703010) has been retracted as per authors' request.
The Carit Maneuver: A Novel Approach for the Relief of Shoulder Dystocia—A Case Series
Authors: Gei Alfredo F , Mastache Jorge Suarez , Pacheco Luis D. , Villanueva Mariana
Published: April 2020

Objective The main purpose of this article is to describe the technique and mechanism of action of a novel intervention for the relief of shoulder dystocia we are labeling Carit maneuver.

Methods We report a cohort study of eight cases of shoulder dystocia not relieved by the combination of McRobert's maneuver and suprapubic pressure treated with the Carit maneuver. This intervention involves the use of the fetal head and neck as the grasping point of the fetus to exert a ventral rotation of the fetal trunk, reduce the bi-acromial diameter, and deliver the posterior shoulder by passive displacement.

In all these cases, the direction of the original head restitution, direction of exerted rotation, and side and location of delivery of the first shoulder were recorded. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were reviewed and reported.

Results In all cases, the Carit rotational maneuver resulted in the delivery of the posterior shoulder in the transverse (4), oblique anterior (2), or direct anterior (2) diameters. No instances of neonatal depression or fetal acidemia were noted in this cohort.

Conclusion The Carit maneuver is an original and successful intervention in the management of shoulder dystocia unresponsive to McRobert's maneuver and suprapubic pressure.
Ethical Cultures in Perinatal Care: Do They Exist? Correlation of Provider Attitudes with Periviability Practices at Six Centers
Authors: Lawrence Christin , Laventhal Naomi , Fritz Katie A. , Carlos Christine , Famuyide Mobolaji , Tonismae Tiffany , Hayslett Drew , Coleman Tasha , Jain Meenu , Edmonds Brownsyne Tucker , Leuthner Steven , Andrews Bree , Feltman Dalia M.
Published: April 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare attitudes of providers regarding perinatal management and outcomes for periviable newborns of caregivers at centers with higher resuscitation (HR) and lower resuscitation (LR) rates in the delivery room.

Study Design All obstetric and neonatal clinical providers at six U.S. sites were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Survey responses were compared with clinical data collected from a previous retrospective study comparing centers' rates of planned resuscitation. Responses were analyzed by multivariable logistic and linear regression to assess how HR versus LR center respondents differed in management preferences and outcome predictions.

Results Paradoxically, HR versus LR respondents, when adjusting for other variables, were less likely to respond that interventions such as antenatal steroids (odds ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–0.88, p < 0.009) and resuscitation (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44–0.78, p < 0.001) should be given at 22 weeks. HR versus LR respondents also reported lower likelihood of survival and acceptable quality of life (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93, p = 0.012) at 23 weeks.

Conclusion Despite higher rates of planned resuscitation at 22 and 23 weeks, steroid usage and survival rates did not differ between HR and LR sites. In this subsequent survey, respondents from HR centers had a less favorable outlook on interventions for these newborns than those at LR centers, suggesting that instead of driving practices, attitudes may be more closely associated with experiences of clinical outcomes.
Reflex Epilepsy with Hot Water: Clinical and EEG Findings, Treatment, and Prognosis in Childhood
Authors: Hanci Fatma , Türay Sevim , Balci Paşa , Kabakuş Nimet
Published: April 2020

Hot water epilepsy (HWE) is a subtype of reflex epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by the head being immersed in hot water. Hot water or bathing epilepsy is the type of reflex epilepsy most frequently encountered in our clinic. We describe our patients with HWE and also discuss the clinical features, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis. Eleven patients (10 boys, 1 girl), aged 12 months to 13 years, admitted to the pediatric neurology clinic between January 2018 and August 2019, and diagnosed with HWE or bathing epilepsy based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)-2017, were followed up prospectively for ∼18 months. Patients' clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) findings and treatment details were noted. All 11 patients' seizures were triggered by hot water. Age at first seizure was between 2 months and 12 years. Seizure types were generalized motor seizures, absence, and atonic. EEG was normal in two patients, but nine patients had epileptiform discharges. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed and reported as normal (except in one case). Histories of prematurity were present in two patients, unprovoked seizures in one, and low birth weight and depressed birth in the other. Patients with HWE have normal neuromuscular development and neurological examination results, together with prophylaxis or seizure control with a single antiepileptic drug, suggesting that it is a self-limited reflex epilepsy.
Early Psychomotor Advantage in Moderately Preterm Twins Born between 32 and 33 Weeks
Authors: Turriziani Laura , Cafeo Anna , Pino Gaetana , Vetrano Noemi , Alibrandi Angela , Di Rosa Gabriella
Published: April 2020

Twin birth may represent a challenging event often associated with prematurity. We previously reported on developmental trajectories in preterm children categorized by gestational age. Based on the same study population, in this study we investigated the influence of gemellarity on the neurodevelopment of 73 twins (26.4%) and 207 singletons (73.6%), categorized into three groups according to their gestational age. The age of the achievement of developmental milestones between the three groups and the influence of preperinatal events on neurodevelopment were analyzed. An early neurodevelopmental advantage was detected in preterm twins born between 32 and 33 weeks. Environmental and nurturing factors may explain these findings.
Verschärfte Regeln für Eigenprodukte
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: April 2020

Ab dem 26. Mai 2020 gilt für Krankenhäuser verbindlich die neue EU- Medizinprodukteverordnung. Von der gravierenden Novellierung sind auch von Kliniken selbst hergestellte oder aufbereitete Medizinprodukte betroffen.
IT-STRATEGIE: Digitalumbau bei laufendem Betrieb
Authors: Henkel Andreas G , Spinner Chrisoph
Published: April 2020

Viele Krankenhäuser sehen sich gezwungen, sich auf die Ablösung ihrer KIS-Systeme vorzubereiten – weil diese Interoperabilitätsstandards nicht erfüllen oder die Hersteller ihren Support in absehbarer Zeit einstellen. Wie können Kliniken diese Herausforderung stemmen?
KI-BASIERTE ENTSCHEIDUNGSUNTERSTÜTZUNG: Transparenz ist Trumpf
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: April 2020

KI-gestützte Systeme versprechen viele Vorteile. Neben Arbeitserleichterungen für Radiologen können sie auch Tumorboards unterstützen oder dabei helfen, Leitlinienempfehlungen zu identifizieren. Einen Nutzen für die klinische Praxis haben sie aber nur, wenn sich ihre Ergebnisse nachvollziehen und korrigieren lassen.
REGULIERUNG IM WANDEL: Lernende Zulassung für lernende Systeme
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: April 2020

Wirtschaftlich und wissenschaftlich knüpfen sich an den Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Medizin hohe Erwartungen. Immer stärker drängt lernende Software auf den Markt und in die Kliniken. Für die Einrichtungen, die mit der Zulassung lernender Software betraut sind, wird der Zertifizierungsprozess zur Herausforderung.
MEDIZINISCHE SPRACHERKENNUNG: Weniger Dokumentationsaufwand, mehr Zeit
Authors: Zuchowski Matthias
Published: April 2020

Seit einigen Jahren wird die medizinische Spracherkennung regelmäßig zur Unterstützung der Dokumentation in Krankenhäusern eingesetzt. Dies beeinflusst die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und spart Zeit, die stattdessen in patientennahe Tätigkeiten einfließen kann. Ihr volles Potenzial kann medizinische Spracherkennung allerdings erst entfalten, wenn sie mit anderen Anwendungen vernetzt ist.
NEUER PFLEGESTUDIENGANG: Hochschule Bremen ist Vorreiter
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: April 2020

Das neue Pflegeberufegesetz – und damit die generalistische Ausbildung – ist seit drei Monaten in Kraft. Bereits seit Herbst 2019 gibt es an der Hochschule Bremen Deutschlands ersten generalistischen Bachelor-Studiengang: den „Internationalen Studiengang Pflege“, der nach dem neuen Pflegeberufegesetz akkreditiert ist.
DIGITAL – SMART – MENSCHENZENTRIERT: Smart Hospital UK-Essen
Authors: Klauß Sonja-Maria
Published: April 2020

Professor Dr. Jochen Alfred Werner gilt als „Medical Influencer“ für die digitale Transformation im Gesundheitssektor. Als Ärztlicher Direktor und Vorstandsvorsitzender treibt er die Entwicklung des Universitätsklinikums Essen zum „Smart Hospital“ maßgeblich mit an. Im Mittelpunkt steht für ihn dabei: der Mensch. Wir haben Professor Werner gefragt, wie sich ein Smart Hospital von anderen Kliniken unterscheidet.
ROLL-OUT IN REKORDGESCHWINDIGKEIT: Interprofessionelle digitale Dokumentation
Authors: Afschar Patrick
Published: April 2020

„Dass sich am Prozess der Pflegedokumentation etwas grundlegend ändern muss, war uns schon seit einigen Jahren klar“, beschreibt Marcus Sieber, Assistent der Pflegedienstleitung, die Ausgangssituation am Klinikum Christophsbad. Die handschriftliche Dokumentation war einfach nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Heute dokumentiert das Haus in Göppingen sämtliche Prozesse rund um die Pflege inklusive Arztanordnungen und Therapieverläufen überwiegend digital.
DAS LAMP POST SYNDROM ÜBERWINDEN: Coaching und Telemonitoring für Mukoviszidose-Patienten
Authors: Klauß Sonja-Maria
Published: April 2020

Gerade bei chronischen Erkrankungen kann eine engmaschige Betreuung der Patienten entscheidend für den objektiv messbaren Therapieerfolg wie für die subjektiv empfundene Lebensqualität der Betroffenen sein. Ein lückenloser Überblick über den Krankheitsverlauf bei Mukoviszidose beispielsweise erhöhe den Erfolg der Langzeitbehandlung deutlich, ist Professor Dr. Marcus Mall, Direktor der Klinik für Pädiatrie an der Charité, überzeugt. Mithilfe von Telemonitoring und Coaching möchte er die Lücken zwischen den punktuellen Untersuchungen im Rahmen der regelmäßigen Kontrollbesuche beim Arzt überbrücken und so das sogenannte „lamp post syndrom“ überwinden.
Thermoelectric and electron heat rectification properties of quantum dot superlattice nanowire arrays
Authors: Kuo David M. T.
Published: April 2020

Heat engines made of quantum dot (QD) superlattice nanowires (SLNWs) offer promising applications in energy harvesting due to the reduction in phonon thermal conductivity. In solid state electrical generators (refrigerators), one needs to generate (remove) a large amount of charge current (heat current). Consequently, a high QD SLNW density is required for realistic applications. This study theoretically investigated the properties of power factor and electron heat rectification for an SLNW array under the transition from a one-dimensional system to a two-dimensional system. The SLNW arrays show the functionality of heat diodes, which is mainly attributed to a transmission coefficient with a temperature-bias direction dependent characteristic.
Optimal time-jerk trajectory planning for the landing and walking integration mechanism using adaptive genetic algorithm method
Authors: Zhou Jinhua , Chen Meng , Chen Jinbao , Jia Shan
Published: April 2020

Because the current research on the lander mostly has focused on the traditional lander, the Soft Landing and Walking Integration (SLWI) lunar lander has yet not been studied. To solve the problem, first, a novel type of mobile landing mechanism is proposed and its kinematics is deduced. Second, in order to ensure the motion stability of the mechanism, the cubic spline curve is used to scheme the key points of the SLWI, and based on the weighted coefficient method, an optimal time-jerk pedestal trajectory planning model is established. Finally, the adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is used to search the global optimal solution of time-jerk trajectory planning model. Simulation shows that the motion performance of the mechanism is continuous and stable, which proves the rationality and effectiveness of the foot trajectory planning method. At the same time, the AGA converges to the optimal solution. Thus, the blindness of the initial optimization can be greatly reduced and the amount of computation can be saved. It also laid a theoretical foundation for the follow-up research of SLWI lunar lander.