bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating computational fluid dynamic, artificial intelligence techniques, and pore network modeling to predict relative permeability of gas condensate
Authors: Zeinedini Ehsan , Dabir Bahram , Dadvar Mitra
Published: December 2022

The formation of gas condensate near the wellbore affects the gas liquid two-phase flow between the pores. It may occur in the path between two pores depending on the thermodynamic conditions of the single-phase gas flow, two-phase gas liquid annular flow or the closed path of condensate in the throat. To model the behavior of gas condensate in a network of pores, relative permeability and naturally pressure drop should be calculated. This study obtained the flow characteristics (pressure drop) between the pores at different physical and geometric conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD is time-consuming, so its results were transferred to an artificial neural network (ANN) model and the ANN model was trained. The CFD was replaced with the ANN model for calculating the pressure drop. In addition, instead of utilizing empirical correlations to compute the accurate value of condensate formed in throats' corners at every time step, the flash calculation using Esmaeilzadeh–Roshanfekr equation of state was performed, and closed throats were specified. This accurately estimates gas and condensate distribution in the pore network. Furthermore, the value of condensate that transferred to the adjacent throats was computed using Poiseuille's law. The results showed that the proposed ANN-based proxy model could promote the calculation speed in gas condensate simulation, considering the dynamic change of relative permeability curves as a function of gas condensate saturation. Also, it was found that the relative permeability obtained by the proposed model is in good agreement with the experimental data. By entering the fractures pattern in the network model and predicting the relative permeability of gas and condensate by the proposed method, the role of fractures in gas condensate production in such reservoirs could be predicted. Dynamic changes due to the relative permeability of gas and condensate as a function of saturation can be entered into the reservoir simulation to optimize inertia and positive coupling phenomena to maximized condensate production in gas condensate reservoir.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Lemeng , Liu Xiaohong , Tong Fei , Zou Ran , Peng Wanglian , Yang Hui , Liu Feng , Yang Desong , Huang Xufen , Yi Lili , Wen Minni , Jiang Ling
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety and depression in cancer survivors. The PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of CBT in cancer survivors were included. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as an effect size indicator. Fifteen studies were included. For the depression score, the pooled results of the random effects model were as follows: pre-treatment versus post-treatment, SMD (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.88 (0.46, 1.29),P < 0.001; pre-treatment versus 3-month follow-up, 0.83 (0.09, 1.76),P = 0.08; pre-treatment versus 6-month follow-up, 0.92 (0.27, 1.58),P = 0.006; and pre-treatment versus 12-month follow-up, 0.21 (− 0.28, 0.70),P = 0.40. For the anxiety score, the pooled results of the random effects model were as follows: pre-treatment versus post-treatment, 0.97 (0.58, 1.36),P < 0.001; pre-treatment versus 3-month follow-up, 1.45 (− 0.82, 3.72),P = 0.21; and pre-treatment versus 6-month follow-up, 1.00 (0.17, 1.83),P = 0.02). The pooled result of the fixed effects model for the comparison between pre-treatment and the 12-month follow-up was 0.10 (− 0.16, 0.35;P = 0.45). The subgroup analysis revealed that the geographical location, treatment time and treatment form were not sources of significant heterogeneity. CBT significantly improved the depression and anxiety scores of the cancer survivors; such improvement was maintained until the 6-month follow-up. These findings support recommendations for the use of CBT in survivors of cancer.
PSpice modeling of cervical and site-focused vagus nerve ultrasonic stimulation for reduced tumor necrosis factor-α production
Authors: Ghorayeb Sleiman R. , Hirsch Bryan
Published: December 2022

Clinical ultrasound is widely used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Recently, it has been used to perform neuromodulation to treat diverse effects, including inflammation reduction through the vagus nerve. Although the mechanism by which ultrasound propagates through tissue for diagnostic purposes has been established, there is not a complete understanding of how it interacts with neurons to elicit excitation and inhibit inflammation. This work presents a novel technique based on a well-established electrical engineering tool, PSpice, to model cervical and site-focused vagus nerve ultrasonic stimulation to understand its capability in reducing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in the spleen. Transmission line theory is utilized as the basis for the different tissue layers. The models supported the hypothesis that site-focused stimulation has the advantage to decrease undesired efferent effects that would otherwise occur with cervical stimulation. Two different acoustic pressures, 0.25 and 0.83 MPa, were simulated for theoretical efficacy and safety based on previous experimental work conducted by others. The 0.25 MPa simulation was ideal for neurostimulation and reduction of TNF-α, while 0.83 MPa resulted in much higher intensity levels that will most likely induce additional inflammation.
Identification of gallbladder cancer by direct near-infrared measurement of raw bile combined with two-trace two-dimensional correlation analysis
Authors: Jang Eunjin , Sohng Woosuk , Choi Dongho , Chung Hoeil
Published: December 2022

The near-infrared (NIR) measurement of raw bile combining with (2T2D) correlation analysis was proposed to improve accuracy for the identification of gallbladder (GB) cancer.
Localized high-concentration electrolyte enabled by a novel ester diluent for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhu Meng , Jiao Xiaojuan , Wang Wenwei , Chen Haiwei , Li Fengjiao
Published: December 2022

A novel ester diluent-based localized high-concentration electrolyte applicable to lithium metal batteries, with high oxidation resistance and long-term stable cyclability, is developed.
On the microscopic origin of Soret coefficient minima in liquid mixtures
Authors: Gittus Oliver R. , Bresme Fernando
Published: December 2022

We show that simple non-polar liquid binary mixtures feature a minimum in the Soret coefficient at a specific composition and explain the microscopic mechanism determining such minima.
A self-adapting first-principles exploration on the dissociation mechanism in sodiated aldohexose pyranoses assisted with neural network potentials
Authors: Tsou Pei-Kang , Huynh Hai Thi , Phan Huu Trong , Kuo Jer-Lai
Published: December 2022

A self-adapting first-principles exploration to understand the mechanism of collision-induced dissociation (CID) in mono-saccharides assisted with neural network potentials (NNP).
Investigation of multicolor emitting Cs3GdGe3O9:Bi3+,Eu3+phosphorsviaenergy transfer for WLEDs
Authors: Chi Fengfeng , Ji Zhangchao , Liu Qian , Jiang Bin , Wang Bing , Cheng Jie , Li Bin , Liu Shengli , Wei Xiantao
Published: December 2022

Multicolor tunable luminescence of Cs3GdGe3O9:Bi3+,Eu3+phosphors was investigated for ultraviolet WLEDs.
A novel zirconium-based metal–organic framework covalently modified by methyl pyridinium bromide for mild and co-catalyst free conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates
Authors: Xu Jia-Hui , Peng Shuai-Feng , Shi Yu-Kun , Ding Shan , Yang Guang-Sheng , Yang Yu-Qi , Xu Yan-Hong , Jiang Chun-Jie , Su Zhong-Min
Published: December 2022

(Br−)CH3-Pyridinium-MOF-1 integrated reactive Lewis acid sites and Br− nucleophilic anions and exhibited efficient catalytic activity for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides.
Fluorometric assay of hydroquinone without interference from catechol and resorcinol based on carbonized polymer dots
Authors: Wang Min , Guan Rentian , Jiang Shuhan , Zhang Shuai , Fan Xiaoyu , Shao Xiaodong , Liu Tao , Wang Shuhao , Yue Qiaoli
Published: December 2022

Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) were developed for the quantitative detection of hydroquinone (HQ).
Unveiling the catecholase activities and DNA binding interaction of mono-, di-, and polymeric Cu(ii) complexes derived from heterogeneous Schiff base ligands
Authors: Maity Ribhu , Maity Minakshi , Jana Kalyanmoy , Maity Tithi , Sepay Nayim , Samanta Bidhan Chandra
Published: December 2022

Three Schiff base based Cu(ii) complexes with mono, di, and multiple centers have been synthesized, and their catecholase activities and DNA binding have been tested.
Synthesis of chalcogen-functionalized 4H-chromen-4-ones via cyclization/chalcogenation of alkynyl aryl ketones mediated by Selectfluor®
Authors: Anjos Thiago , Gutterres Elba L. , Barancelli Daniela A. , Cargnelutti Roberta , Godoi Benhur , Barcellos Thiago , Schumacher Ricardo F.
Published: December 2022

The selective 6-endo-dig cyclization reaction of alkynyl aryl ketones with electrophilic organochalcogen species in the presence of Selectfluor® is described.
The anti-breast cancer stem cell properties of gold(i)-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug complexes
Authors: Johnson Alice , Olelewe Chibuzor , Kim Jong Hyun , Northcote-Smith Joshua , Mertens R. Tyler , Passeri Ginevra , Singh Kuldip , Awuah Samuel G. , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan
Published: December 2022

The anti-breast cancer stem cell (CSC) properties of a series of gold(i) complexes comprising various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and triphenylphosphine 1–8 are reported.
On the impact of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) in lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs)
Authors: Forsberg Zarah , Courtade Gaston
Published: December 2022

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have revolutionized our understanding of how enzymes degrade insoluble polysaccharides. Compared with the substantial knowledge developed on the structure and mode of action of the catalytic LPMO domains, the (multi)modularity of LPMOs has received less attention. The presence of other domains, in particular carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), tethered to LPMOs has profound implications for the catalytic performance of the full-length enzymes. In the last few years, studies on LPMO modularity have led to advancements in elucidating how CBMs, other domains, and linker regions influence LPMO structure and function. This mini review summarizes recent literature, with particular focus on comparative truncation studies, to provide an overview of the diversity in LPMO modularity and the functional implications of this diversity.
Physics of matter and waves
Authors: van der Beek Kees
Published: December 2022

The scales of length, time, and energy that are intermediate between the infinitely small and the infinitely large define the world we live in and that we experience. The relevant fundamental forces that act on these scales are, for nearly all phenomena, the gravitational and the electromagnetic forces. This is the subject of Chapter 2 of the EPS Grand Challenges
Science for society
Authors: Rossel Christophe , van Dyck Luc
Published: December 2022

During the second part of the 20th century, the social contract between science and society was merely a tacit agreement foreseeing that public money would finance the research that would sustain technology development and innovation and enhance the socio-economic well-being of our society. The spheres of science, politics, and society were largely separate. Today this model has changed. Chapter 7 of the EPS Challenges for Physics deals with this issue.
Outcome of Surgical Treatment for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Hashmi Syed Muhammad Maroof , Hammoud Ibrahim , Kumar Pranaw , Sartaj Afaq Ali , Ghosh Kaushik , Ray Arupratan , Golash Aprajay
Published: December 2022

Objective The spinal column is one of the most prevalent regions for metastasis, with an increasing frequency of spinal metastases. Spinal cord metastatic tumor damages the vertebral body, weakens the spinal support, and exerts mass effect on the spinal cord. Overzealous surgical intervention does not provide any additional benefit in most of the spinal metastasis due to shorter life expectancy. The principal goal of this study is to analyze the outcome of various surgical treatments offered to patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC).

Methods Retrospective cohort study including all patients that underwent surgical intervention for MSCC from March 2013 to March 2020.

Results A total of 198 patients were included, 113 males and 85 females; the mean age was 62 years. The most common primary cancer was prostate (21.71%) followed by hematological (20.07%) and lung (16.66%). At 6-month postsurgery, 68.68% of patients were Frankel grade D or E (vs. 23.23% preoperatively), 16.6% were grade C (vs 57% preoperatively), and 14.64% were grade A or B (vs. 19.69% preoperatively). Pain on numeric rating scale was decreased from 6.38 ± 3.08 to 3.39 ± 0.73 at 24 hours postsurgery and 1.94 ± 0.67 at 6 months.

Conclusion This study found that the majority of patients, undergoing minimally invasive spinal stabilization and decompression for metastatic spinal tumors, have better quality of life, analgesia, and mobility. In conclusion, treatment for spinal metastases should be individualized and a multidisciplinary approach is needed.
Simulation study of alleviating the communication blackout using high-power microwave irradiating plasma sheaths
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Wang Lei , Zhao Lishan , Ling Junpu , Ge Xingjun , He Juntao
Published: December 2022

During hypersonic vehicle flight at high speed, plasma sheath on the vehicle surface will attenuate or even interrupt the communication signal, leading to the “communication blackout” problem. The vehicle probably moves a long distance during the communication blackout due to its high speed, which is a serious threat to the safety of the vehicle. This paper proposes a method to solve the communication blackout problem using high-power microwave (HPM) irradiation. The multicomponent compressible model, finite difference time domain algorithm, and multi-fluid model are used to simulate the interaction between HPM and plasma sheath. The results show that after HPM irradiation, the electromagnetic (EM) wave transmissivity of the plasma sheath will change, and the electric field (E-field) amplitude and irradiation time of HPM significantly influence the change of transmissivity. Thereafter, analyses of the changes of the collision and plasma frequencies of the plasma sheath after HPM irradiation showed the transmissivity of the plasma sheath to low-frequency EM waves is improved by optimizing E-field amplitude and irradiation time of HPM. Therefore, HPM irradiation can be performed to enhance the transmissivity of the plasma sheath to the communication signal, thus alleviating the communication blackout problem.
Multiphysics simulation of fluid interface shapes in microfluidic systems driven by electrowetting on dielectrics
Authors: Bohm Sebastian , Runge Erich
Published: December 2022

We present a highly efficient simulation method for the calculation of three-dimensional quasi-static interface shapes under the influence of electric fields. The method is especially useful for the simulation of microfluidic systems driven by electrowetting on dielectrics because it accounts automatically and inherently for the highly non-trivial interface shape in the vicinity of the triple-phase contact. In particular, the voltage independence of the local contact angle predicted based on analytical considerations is correctly reproduced in all our simulations. For the calculation of the shape of the interface, the geometry is triangulated and the mesh nodes are shifted until the system energy becomes minimal. The same mesh is also used to calculate the electric field using the boundary-element method. Therefore, only the surface of the geometry needs to be meshed, and no volume meshes are involved. The method can be used for the simulation of closed systems with a constant volume (e.g., droplet-based microfluidics) while preserving the volume very precisely as well as open systems (e.g., the liquid–air interface within micro-cavities or capillaries). Additional effects, such as the influence of gravitational forces, can easily be taken into account. In contrast to other efficient simulations, such as the volume-of-fluid, level-set, or phase-field methods, ideally, sharp interfaces are obtained. We calculate interface shapes for exemplary systems and compare with analytical as well as experimental results.
Effect of fluorine ion irradiation on the properties of monolayer molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Dong Lei , Yang Jianqun , Xu Xiaodong , Yue Xiaoqing , Dong Shangli , Lv Gang , Li Xingji
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) has great application prospects in the field of optoelectronic devices. Defect engineering is an effective way to regulate the electronic and optical properties of 2D MoS2. However, defect controlling on 2D materials remains a major challenge. Fluorine, as the most electronegative element, may cause many interesting phenomena after doping in 2D materials. So far, there have been no reports on the effect of fluoride ion (F− ion) irradiation on 2D material properties. In this paper, the monolayer MoS2 (ML-MoS2) synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition method was taken as the research object, and defects with controllable densities were produced by 30 keV F− ion irradiation, in which the defects were dominated by S vacancies. Based on Raman, photoluminescence, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is shown that the ion irradiation-induced defects significantly affect the optoelectronic properties of MoS2. We also observed the p-doping of ML-MoS2, which is attributed to the introduction of F− ions and the electron transfer from MoS2 to O2 at defect adsorption sites. This study reveals that 2D materials could be effectively doped or compensated using irradiation technology, potentially fabricating novel 2D electrical devices through defect engineering.
Perspectives on nanoclustered magnetic Josephson junctions as artificial synapses
Authors: Jué Emilie , Pufall Matthew R. , Haygood Ian W. , Rippard William H. , Schneider Michael L.
Published: December 2022

A nanoclustered magnetic Josephson junction (nMJJ) is a hybrid magnetic-superconducting device that can be used as an artificial synapse in neuromorphic applications. In this paper, we review the nMJJ from the device level to the circuit level. We describe the properties of individual devices and show how they can be integrated into a neuromorphic circuit. We discuss the current limitations related to the study of the nMJJ, what can be done to improve the device and better understand the underlying physics, and where the community can focus its efforts to develop magnetic Josephson junctions for neuromorphic applications.
Automation of liquid crystal phase analysis for SAXS, including the rapid production of novel phase diagrams for SDS–water–PIL systems
Authors: Paporakis Stefan , Binns Jack , Yalcin Dilek , Drummond Calum J. , Greaves Tamar L. , Martin Andrew V.
Published: December 2022

Lyotropic liquid crystal phases (LCPs) are widely studied for diverse applications, including protein crystallization and drug delivery. The structure and properties of LCPs vary widely depending on the composition, concentration, temperature, pH, and pressure. High-throughput structural characterization approaches, such as small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), are important to cover meaningfully large compositional spaces. However, high-throughput LCP phase analysis for SAXS data is currently lacking, particularly for patterns of multiphase mixtures. In this paper, we develop semi-automated software for high throughput LCP phase identification from SAXS data. We validate the accuracy and time-savings of this software on a total of 668 SAXS patterns for the LCPs of the amphiphile hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in 53 acidic or basic ionic liquid derived solvents, within a temperature range of 25–75 °C. The solvents were derived from stoichiometric ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) or ethanolammonium nitrate (EtAN) by adding water to vary the ionicity, and adding precursor ions of ethylamine, ethanolamine, and nitric acid to vary the pH. The thermal stability ranges and lattice parameters for CTAB-based LCPs obtained from the semi-automated analysis showed equivalent accuracy to manual analysis, the results of which were previously published. A time comparison of 40 CTAB systems demonstrated that the automated phase identification procedure was more than 20 times faster than manual analysis. Moreover, the high throughput identification procedure was also applied to 300 unpublished scattering patterns of sodium dodecyl-sulfate in the same EAN and EtAN based solvents in this study, to construct phase diagrams that exhibit phase transitions from micellar, to hexagonal, cubic, and lamellar LCPs. The accuracy and significantly low analysis time of the high throughput identification procedure validates a new, rapid, unrestricted analytical method for the determination of LCPs.
Comparison of contact metals evaporated onto monolayer molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Mazzoni A. , Burke R. , Chin M. , Najmaei S. , Dubey M. , Goldsman N. , Daniels K.
Published: December 2022

Understanding and improving the contact resistance of two-dimensional materials for the fabrication of next-generation devices is of vital importance to be able to fully utilize the new physics available in these materials. In this work, eight different contact metals (Ag, Au, Cr, Cu, In, Mo, Ni, and Ti) have been investigated using the same sample of monolayer MoS2. Through the fabrication and testing of multiple, identically sized field-effect transistor devices per contact metal, we compensate for large variability in electrical properties of as-grown chemical vapor deposition MoS2 and deduce the relative performance of each metal. The general trend of lower work function metals having lower contact resistance holds with In, Ag, and Ti performing the best of the metals tested. Our results are compatible with recent research suggesting that the contact resistance in undoped, monolayer MoS2 is dominated by a lateral junction resistance, and we provide context for how this manifests in device-to-device variation. Multiple orders of magnitude differences in contact resistance are observed between metals and can be explained by this lateral barrier operating in the thermionic-field emission regime.
Current-induced magnetization reversal in (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) epitaxial layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Andrearczyk Tomasz , Sadowski Janusz , Dybko Krzysztof , Figielski Tadeusz , Wosinski Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

Pulsed current-induced magnetization reversal is investigated in the layer of (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor (DFS) epitaxially grown under tensile misfit strain causing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the layer. The magnetization reversal, recorded through measurements of the anomalous Hall effect, appearing under assistance of a static magnetic field parallel to the current, is interpreted in terms of the spin–orbit torque mechanism. Our results demonstrate that an addition of a small fraction of heavy Bi atoms, substituting As atoms in the prototype DFS (Ga,Mn)As and increasing the strength of spin–orbit coupling in the DFS valence band, significantly enhances the efficiency of current-induced magnetization reversal, thus reducing considerably the threshold current density necessary for the reversal. Our findings are of technological importance for applications to spin–orbit torque-driven nonvolatile memory and logic elements.
Collective Thomson scattering measurement of plasma evolution during the current pulse in a laser-triggered switch
Authors: Gottfried Jacob A. , Rose Charles E. , Simpson Sean , Yalin Azer P.
Published: December 2022

High-voltage laser-triggered switches (HV-LTSs) are used in pulsed-power applications where low jitter and precise timing are required. The switches allow operation in the megaampere, megavolt regime while maintaining low insertion losses. Currently, there is a lack of detailed plasma measurements in these switches, yet such measurements are needed to elucidate the detailed physics, which include a range of processes such as laser breakdown, streamer formation and growth, current flow, plasma evolution, and cooling. Detailed spatially- and temporally resolved measurements of plasma properties within the switches could contribute to validating and advancing numeric models of these systems. This contribution presents laser Thomson scattering measurements of the electron number density and temperature evolution in a HV-LTS. The switch was operated at 6 kV with current flow for a duration of 145 ns and a peak current density of 0.2 MA/cm2 into a matched load. The Thomson scattering diagnostic system uses a 532 nm probe from an Nd:YAG laser allowing a temporal resolution of ∼10 ns. We find that during the switch current pulse, the plasma electron temperature rose from a starting value of 8.1 ± 1.6 eV (due to cooling of the earlier trigger laser plasma) to a peak value of 26 ± 5 eV with an associated increase in the electron density from 8.6 ± 1.7 × 1017 to 3.1 ± 0.6 × 1018 cm−3.
Higher derivative gravity’s anti-Newtonian limit and the Caldirola–Kanai oscillator
Authors: Niedermaier M
Published: December 2022

Fourth order gravity in

1
+
d

dimensions is investigated in its anti-Newtonian limit where lightcones shrink to lines. The limiting theory is fourth order in time derivatives, still fully diffeomorphism invariant, and retains the original number of physical degrees of freedom. In an unimodular Hamiltonian formulation the dynamics can, however, be reduced to a second order one by regarding the unimodular metric as a composite field. In a gauge where the logarithm of the volume element is ‘time’ a Hamiltonian proper arises, which (for each spatial point) is a matrix generalization of a Caldirola–Kanai oscillator with inverted quartic potential. In an alternative ‘Wick-flipped’ Hamiltonian formulation an analogous reduced system arises with non-inverted quartic potential.
Current status and new insights about the capacitively coupled electronegative plasma source: injection of energetic beam-like electrons to electrode
Authors: Makabe Toshiaki
Published: December 2022

High-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas (HF-CCPs) have been widely investigated physically, electrically, optically, and numerically. Such research has focused on the sustaining mechanism and the interaction of the ion sheath with the material surface. Most of the reactive feed gas molecules produce a pair consisting of a negative ion and a neutral by the dissociative electron attachment. The low-temperature electronegative plasma with high electronegativity has an interesting and specific sustaining mechanism caused by the negative ions in HF-CCPs. One of the functions is a production of high energy electrons in front of the instantaneous anode under the presence of a static double layer with field reversal. Current understanding of electronegative plasmas has been advanced through the knowledge about the fundamental collision, transport processes, and related effects of negative ion and long-lived neutral on the plasma structure and function. We present new insights into the injection of energetic beam-like electrons to a biased wafer in a pulsed two-frequency mode in electronegative HF-CCP, based on a series of our previous works in CF4/Ar. Here, the criteria, consisting of plasma internal and external parameters, for the injection provide the design rule for a charging free plasma process. The magnitude of the electronegativity as a key parameter to inject negative charges is elucidated in the bulk plasma as a function of gas density times electrode distance in HF-CCP in O2 as an example. Both sides of the electronegativity correspond to the different types of the transport and the sustainability of the bulk plasma.
A review of advances in image-guided orthopedic surgery
Authors: Fan Xingqi , Zhu Qiyang , Tu Puxun , Joskowicz Leo , Chen Xiaojun
Published: December 2022

Orthopedic surgery remains technically demanding due to the complex anatomical structures and cumbersome surgical procedures. The introduction of image-guided orthopedic surgery (IGOS) has significantly decreased the surgical risk and improved the operation results. This review focuses on the application of recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), augmented reality (AR) and robotics in image-guided spine surgery, joint arthroplasty, fracture reduction and bone tumor resection. For the pre-operative stage, key technologies of AI and DL based medical image segmentation, 3D visualization and surgical planning procedures are systematically reviewed. For the intra-operative stage, the development of novel image registration, surgical tool calibration and real-time navigation are reviewed. Furthermore, the combination of the surgical navigation system with AR and robotic technology is also discussed. Finally, the current issues and prospects of the IGOS system are discussed, with the goal of establishing a reference and providing guidance for surgeons, engineers, and researchers involved in the research and development of this area.
Quantum speed limit time: role of coherence
Authors: Paulson K G , Banerjee Subhashish
Published: December 2022

The minimum evolution time between multi-qubit quantum states is estimated for non-Markovian quantum channels. We consider the maximally coherent pure and mixed states as well as multi-qubit X states as initial states and discuss the impact of initial coherence and the behaviour of coherence on their speed of evolution for both dephasing and dissipative processes. The role of the non-zero value of initial coherence under information backflow conditions for the non-unital dissipative process is revealed by the flow of quantum speed limit time (τ

QSL
). The trade-off between mixedness and coherence on the speed limit time reveals the nature of the quantum process the states undergo. The complementarity effect between mixedness and coherence is more prominent in the quantum non-unital dissipation process. The parametric trajectory of speed limit time vividly depicts the difference in the evolution of pure and mixed initial states, and this could be used to distinguish between the unital and non-unital channels studied in this work. Our investigation of quantum speed limit time on multi-qubit entangled X states reveals that τ

QSL
can be identified as a potential dynamical witness to distinguish multi-qubit states in the course of evolution.
Increasing secondary metabolites production of Phyllanthus sp to support development of herbal medicine industry
Authors: Utami N , Bidara I S , Royani J I , Reninta R , Dwimahyani I , Mulyono D
Published: December 2022

This study aim to improve the quality of Phyllanthus sp production by increasing the content of secondary metabolites as a bioactive compound. Phyllanthus sp contains various secondary metabolites that enhance immunity and treat diabetes, hypertension, antioxidants, anti-cancer, kidney disorders, and other illnesses. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, Phyllanthus sp widely used as a raw material for making herbal medicines. The trade value of Indonesian herbal medicines is estimated to increase in 2022, and the price will reach around the US $ 910 million, so it has very bright business prospects. These relatively limited phytopharmaceutical products constrain the supply of high-quality raw materials under the requirements of the herb medicine industry. Therefore, conducting a depth assessment related to efforts to improve the quality of Phyllanthus sp production by increasing the content of secondary metabolites is necessary. The efforts to enhance the quality of Phyllanthus sp as a source of herbal medicine raw materials can be made through plant breeding such as genetic mutations and in combination with the environmental arrangements of soil water content and solar radiation intensity. The efforts to increase the quality of herbal medicine raw materials are critical to support the development of the herbal medicine industry.
Role of institutions to improve farmer’s resilience in facing climate change
Authors: Barokatuminalloh  , Widayaningsih N , Setiarso O
Published: December 2022

When exposed to climate change, farmers will get vulnerable and sensitive due to their low adaptation capacity. The latter can in fact be increased through institutional strengthening, as strong institutions will enable farmers to have an opportunity to succeed by improving their performance. This study examines the institutional form of farmer self-organisation and resources access in Banyumas Regency. The target population is comprised of farmers affected by climate change. This study uses SWOT to analyse farmers’ self-organisation. The results showed that by strengthening farmers’ self-organisation, young farmers become aware that agriculture should be taken as the main livelihood and that they have social capital and resources to increase their farming capacity. Farmers’ weaknesses stem from their low level of education and family income. The opportunities of farmers could be gained from having a network to strengthen their farming business and easy access to production factors. Nevertheless, farmers are also threatened by a number of factors—i.e., the absence of norms in the community to regulate land and water use as well as local wisdom to support farming, existing institutions in the community that do not support farming optimally, and the average production per hectare that is still below the national average production. The policy implication is that farmers must increase their capacity and build strong institutions to increase their resilience in facing the climate change.
Ribbon concordance of knots is a partial ordering
Authors: Agol Ian
Published: December 2022

In this note we show that ribbon concordance forms a partial ordering on the set of knots, answering a question of Gordon [Math. Ann. 257 (1981), pp. 157–170, Conjecture 1.1]. The proof makes use of representation varieties of the knot groups to

S
O
(
N
)

SO(N)

and the subquotient relation between them induced by a ribbon concordance.
Diet Quality and Risk of Older-onset Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Khalili Hamed , Hakansson Niclas , Casey Kevin , Lopes Emily , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Chan Andrew T , Chan Simon S M , Olen Ola , Wolk Alicja
Published: December 2022

Background

We aimed to assess the relationship between diet quality and risk of older-onset Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC].

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 83 147 participants from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. We used food frequency questionnaires to calculate adherence scores to multiple derived healthy diet patterns: Alternate Healthy Eating Index [AHEI], Healthy Eating Index-2015 [HEI-2015], Healthful Plant-Based Diet Index [HPDI], and modified Mediterranean Diet Score [mMED] at baseline in 1997 in both cohorts. Diagnoses of CD and UC were retrieved from the Swedish Patient Register. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs].

Results

Through December of 2017, we confirmed 164 incident cases of CD and 395 incident cases of UC. Comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles, the adjusted HRs of CD were 0.73 [95% CI, 0.48, 1.12, ptrend = 0.123] for AHEI; 0.90 [0.57, 1.41, ptrend = 0.736] for HEI 2015; 0.52 [95% CI 0.32, 0.85, ptrend = 0.011] for HPDI; and 0.58 [95% CI 0.32, 1.06, ptrend = 0.044] for mMED. In contrast, we did not observe an association between any diet quality score and risk of UC.

Conclusions

We found that several healthy eating patterns were associated with a lower risk of older-onset CD. Our findings provide a rationale for adapting different healthy dietary patterns based on individuals’ food preferences and traditions in designing future prevention strategies for IBD.
Time of Day and High-Stake Cognitive Assessments
Authors: Gaggero Alessio , Tommasi Denni
Published: December 2022

A variety of external conditions may affect individual performance in high-stake cognitive assessments, with potentially lasting consequences on earnings and career. We provide the first causal evidence that the time of the day is an important condition affecting the performance at the moment of an evaluation. Exploiting a setting in which cognitive assessments are quasi-randomly assigned at a different time of day, we find that peak performance occurs in the early afternoon. The estimated time-of-day effects follow specific patterns consistent with the circadian rhythm, which suggests that biological factors are important determinants of performance even in economically meaningful settings.
The impact of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Carro Amelia
Published: December 2022

The link between influenza and medical complications is well stablished and plays a role in the high mortality rates of this disease. Available scientific evidence suggests that influenza vaccination might reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. This setting for cardiovascular prevention beyond immunoprotection has been studied in several clinical trials. Most of them include populations with coronary artery disease. However, differences in clinical design, population included, and vaccination strategies might explain divergent results and should be interpreted with caution. The present article summarizes available literature in a manner that aids physicians in a better interpretation and encourages the implementation of influenza vaccination in cardiovascular prevention programmes.
EASY-WPW: a novel ECG-algorithm for easy and reliable localization of manifest accessory pathways in children and adults
Authors: El Hamriti Mustapha , Braun Martin , Molatta Stephan , Imnadze Guram , Khalaph Moneeb , Lucas Philipp , Nolting Julia Kathinka , Isgandarova Khuraman , Sciacca Vanessa , Fink Thomas , Bergau Leonard , Sohns Christian , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Nishimori Makoto , Heeger Christian-Hendrik , Borlich Martin , Shin Dong-In , Busch Sonia , Guckel Denise , Sommer Philipp
Published: December 2022

Aims

Accessory pathway (AP) ablation is a standard procedure for the treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW). Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)-based delta wave analysis is essential for predicting ablation sites. Previous algorithms have shown to be complex, time-consuming, and unprecise. We aimed to retrospectively develop and prospectively validate a new, simple ECG-based algorithm considering the patients’ heart axis allowing for exact localization of APs in patients undergoing ablation for WPW.

Methods and results

Our multicentre study included 211 patients undergoing ablation of a single manifest AP due to WPW between 2013 and 2021. The algorithm was developed retrospectively and validated prospectively by comparing its efficacy to two established ones (Pambrun and Arruda). All patients (32 ± 19 years old, 47% female) underwent successful pathway ablation. Prediction of AP-localization was correct in 197 patients (93%) (sensitivity 92%, specificity 99%, PPV 96%, and NPV 99%). Our algorithm was particularly useful in correctly localizing antero-septal/-lateral (sensitivity and specificity 100%) and posteroseptal (sensitivity 98%, specificity 92%) AP in proximity to the tricuspid valve. The accuracy of EASY-WPW was superior compared to the Pambrun (93% vs. 84%, P = 0.003*) and the Arruda algorithm (94% vs. 75%, P < 0.001*). A subgroup analysis of children (n = 58, 12 ± 4 years old, 55% female) revealed superiority to the Arruda algorithm (P < 0.001*). The reproducibility of our algorithm was excellent (ϰ>0.8; P < 0.001*).

Conclusion

The novel EASY-WPW algorithm provides reliable and accurate pre-interventional ablation site determination in WPW patients. Only two steps are necessary to locate left-sided AP, and three steps to determine right-sided AP.
Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping guided right bundle branch pacing in congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries
Authors: Namboodiri Narayanan , Kakarla Saikiran , Mohanan Nair Krishna Kumar , Abhilash Sreevilasam P , Saravanan Sabari , Pandey Harsh Kumar , Vijay Jyothi , Sasikumar Deepa , Valaparambil Ajit Kumar
Published: December 2022

Aims

The ideal pacing strategy has been the Achilles’ heel for patients with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (ccTGA) with bradycardia. Various pacing modalities were documented in the literature. This article describes a novel pacing strategy and its feasibility in ccTGA with an intact ventricular septum.

Methods and results

We prospectively recruited three patients with ccTGA who presented with symptomatic complete heart block to our institute and were evaluated. All patients were planned for conduction system pacing. Those who had more than moderate or severe systemic atrioventricular regurgitation and systemic ventricular dysfunction were planned for conduction system pacing with an additional lead in the coronary sinus (CS) tributary, i.e. bundle branch pacing optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy with the intention to achieve incremental benefit. Since right bundle pacing is not described previously and in view of anatomical complexity in location, three-dimensional (3D) anatomical mapping was done with the EnSite system and later right bundle capture is identified conventionally as that of a left bundle in a normal heart. All three patients have stable lead positions and adequate thresholds at short-term follow-up.

Conclusion

In this report, we demonstrated the feasibility of permanent physiological pacing of the systemic ventricle by capturing the right bundle with 3D anatomical mapping guidance, which results in physiological activation of the systemic ventricle.
Particle-associated bacteria in seawater dominate the colony-forming microbiome on ZoBell marine agar
Authors: Heins Anneke , Harder Jens
Published: December 2022

Planktonic particle-associated bacteria comprise particle-attached and motile free-living cells. These groups were obtained by settlement in Imhoff cones. Dilution plating on marine agar 2216 (ZoBell marine agar) and microscopic counts indicated a cultivability of 0.7% (0.4%–1.2%) of bacteria in coastal seawater collected at Helgoland Roads, North Sea. Particle-associated bacteria presented a minority population in seawater, but had a larger cultivability of 25% (0.9%–100%) for populations collected by settlement of particles and 5.7% (0.9%–24%) for populations collected by filtration. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that 84% of the cultured taxa were either enriched in particle-associated microbiomes or only found in these microbiomes, including Sulfitobacter and other Rhodobacteraceae, Pseudoalteromonas, Psychromonas, Arcobacter and many Flavobacteriaceae. Illumina-based 16S rRNA V3V4 amplicon sequences of plate communities revealed that nearly all operational taxonomic units had a cultivated and described strain in close phylogenetic proximity. This suggested that decades of strain isolation from seawater on ZoBell marine agar had achieved a very good coverage of cultivable genera abundant in nature. The majority belonged to particle-associated bacteria, complementing observations that abundant free-living seawater bacteria often require cultivation conditions closer to their natural habitat like liquid cultivation in oligotrophic medium.
A cytotoxic triterpenoid from a Periplaneta americana-derived, Gordonia hongkongensis WA12-1-1
Authors: Wang Jie , He Mengying , Zeng Huanxiong , Liu Wenbin , Luo Xiongming , Ma Yan , Chen Zhiyu , Jin Xiaobao
Published: December 2022

The secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms are a source of novel compounds with antitumor activities. In this study, we isolated biologically active secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms in the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Gordonia hongkongensis WA12-1-1 was identified as the main microorganisms in the intestinal tract of P. americana. The obtained sequence was deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database under the accession number MZ348554. The isolated secondary metabolites were separated and purified by thin layer chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex column chromatography, open octadecyl silane column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and semipreparative HPLC. Next, the structure of individual compounds was determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. A total of 20 compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites produced by G. hongkongensis WA12-1-1. A total of 12 compounds were obtained from the crude ethyl acetate extract of the culture supernatant and eight from the cellular fraction. Compound 1 was identified as a triterpenoid named gordonterpene and showed cytotoxicity against A549 and HepG2 cell lines. These findings form a basis for further studies on the bioactivity of gordonterpene to tumor cells.
Numt Parser: Automated identification and removal of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) for accurate mitochondrial genome reconstruction in Panthera
Authors: de Flamingh Alida , Rivera-Colón Angel G , Gnoske Tom P , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C , Catchen Julian , Malhi Ripan S , Roca Alfred L
Published: December 2022

Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) may hinder the reconstruction of mtDNA genomes and affect the reliability of mtDNA datasets for phylogenetic and population genetic comparisons. Here, we present the program Numt Parser, which allows for the identification of DNA sequences that likely originate from numt pseudogene DNA. Sequencing reads are classified as originating from either numt or true cytoplasmic mitochondrial (cymt) DNA by direct comparison against cymt and numt reference sequences. Classified reads can then be parsed into cymt or numt datasets. We tested this program using whole genome shotgun-sequenced data from 2 ancient Cape lions (Panthera leo), because mtDNA is often the marker of choice for ancient DNA studies and the genus Panthera is known to have numt pseudogenes. Numt Parser decreased sequence disagreements that were likely due to numt pseudogene contamination and equalized read coverage across the mitogenome by removing reads that likely originated from numts. We compared the efficacy of Numt Parser to 2 other bioinformatic approaches that can be used to account for numt contamination. We found that Numt Parser outperformed approaches that rely only on read alignment or Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) properties, and was effective at identifying sequences that likely originated from numts while having minimal impacts on the recovery of cymt reads. Numt Parser therefore improves the reconstruction of true mitogenomes, allowing for more accurate and robust biological inferences.