bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SECULARIZACIÓN, LEY Y LEY: PERSPECTIVAS CONCEPTUALES Y DE ENTENDIMIENTO
Authors: Gabatz Celso
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar algunas prerrogativas inherentes a los procesos de secularización, secularización y secularización en sus desarrollos contemporáneos. Se enfatiza que cada una de las referencias resalta aspectos relacionados con un proyecto civilizatorio y cultural, así como una concepción del mundo basada en valores seculares. Busca distinguir el secularismo del secularismo, demostrando que este último tiende a suprimir la premisa religiosa de la vida social. El enfoque también sugiere que el secularismo debe entenderse de acuerdo con las características históricas, culturales y religiosas. Es, por lo tanto, un horizonte en el que la acción social se amplía con la experiencia de la diversidad, rompiendo paradigmas, conceptos y valores, con adaptaciones, readaptaciones e intereses.
O TRABALHO E A FORMAÇÃO HUMANA À LUZ DA ONTOLOGIA DO SER SOCIAL
Authors: Vaz Marta Rosani Taras , Masson Gisele
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre o trabalho e a educação, do ponto de vista da sua constituição, enquanto complexos sociais, e do seu desenvolvimento histórico capitalista. Essa discussão parte dos pressupostos teóricos de Marx e de Lukács, fundamentando-se, portanto, na Ontologia do Ser Social e na contribuição de autores como Tonet (2011, 2005, 2006) e Lessa (1996, 2012a, 2012b). Compreendemos que existe uma relação intrínseca entre o trabalho e a formação humana e, decorrente disso, as possibilidades de desenvolvimento das múltiplas potencialidades humanas são inviabilizadas enquanto houver exploração do trabalho. Contudo, com a possibilidade histórica de transformação social radical, é possível considerar a contribuição da educação no processo de constituição e consolidação da emancipação humana.
ESBL Mediated Antimicrobial Nonsusceptibility of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Pregnant Women in Nnewi, Nigeria
Authors: Chioma O. Peculiar-Onyekere, , Martina C. Agbo, , Emmanuel A. Eze,
Published: September 2019

Background and Objective: Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an important public health issue due to lack of therapeutic antibiotic options and the danger it portends to the pregnant woman. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and response to antimicrobials of ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae, among pregnant women on ante natal care.

Study Design/Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifteen pregnant women across three different hospitals in Nnewi North L.G.A of Anambra State were screened for these uropathogens. Modified Double Disc Synergy test (MDDST) was carried out on the isolates to phenotypically determine the presence of ESBL. Plasmid profiling as well as plasmid curing studies were undertaken. Molecular characterization of the phenotypically confirmed ESBL positive isolate via Polymearse Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out using three ESBL primers (bla-TEM, bla-SHV, bla-CTX-M).

Results: 192 isolates were obtained of which 75(39.1%) were E. coli and 117(60.9%) were K. pneumoniae. A total of 130 (67.7%) of the pregnant women had ESBL-mediated UTI, the highest rate reported in recent times in Nigeria. Molecular characterization of the ESBL types revealed a predominance of bla-TEM (91.9%), followed by bla-SHV (73.3%) and bla-CTX-M (56.8%).

Conclusion: The Majority of the isolates harbored multiple ESBL genes. Curing studies were largely ineffectual as most of the isolates retained their resistance determinants regardless of the concentration of the curing agent (acridine orange).
A Model for Smart Vehicle Tracking: A Review
Authors: Usman Francis Kusanhyel , Yusuf Gambo , Sajiyus Omega
Published: September 2019

The ability to track vehicles is useful in many applications including security of personal vehicles, public transportation systems, fleet management and others. Furthermore, the number of vehicles on the road globally is also expected to increase rapidly. Therefore, the development of vehicle tracking system using the Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modem, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Google or Open street map respectively is undertaken with the aim of enabling users to locate their vehicles in real time with ease and in a convenient manner. The system will provide users with the capability to track vehicle remotely through the mobile network. This project presents the development of the vehicle tracking system's server and client software. Specifically, the system will utilize GPS to obtain a vehicle's coordinate and transmit it using GSM modem to the user's phone through the mobile network. The system is divided into two parts which are the tracking and monitoring part. The tracking part consist of GPS and an android/IOS mobile phone for navigation purpose. The GPS will provide information about the location of the vehicle. After receiving the location data from the web server, the data is monitored by a personal computer. After processing the data, the location of the vehicle can be viewed on the map.
Novel Au–SiO2–WO3 Core–Shell Composite Nanoparticles for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Potential Application in Cancer Cell Imaging
Authors: Martinez Pancorbo Pablo , Thummavichai Kunyapat , Clark Louise , Tabish Tanveer A. , Mansfield Jessica , Gardner Ben , Chang Hong , Stone Nick , Zhu Yanqiu
Published: September 2019

With the rapid development of nanotechnology during the last decades, the ability to detect and control individual objects at the nanoscale has enabled us to deal with complex biomedical challenges. In cancer imaging, novel nanoparticles (NPs) offer promising potential to identify single cancer cells and precisely label larger areas of cancer tissues. Herein, a new class of size tunable core–shell composite (Au–SiO2–WO3) nanoparticles is reported. These nanoparticles display an easily improvable ≈103 surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor with a double Au shell for dried samples over Si wafers and several orders of magnitude for liquid samples. WO3 core nanoparticles measuring 20–50 nm in diameter are sheathed by an intermediate 10–60 nm silica layer, produced by following the Stöber‐based process and Turkevich method, followed by a 5–20 nm thick Au outer shell. By attaching 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (4‐MBA) molecules as Raman reporters to the Au, high‐resolution Raman maps that pinpoint the nanoparticles' location are obtained. The preliminary results confirm their advantageous SERS properties for single‐molecule detection, significant cell viability after 24 h and in vitro cell imaging using coherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering. The long‐term objective is to measure SERS nanoparticles in vivo using near‐infrared light.
MoS2/HfO2/Silicon‐On‐Insulator Dual‐Photogating Transistor with Ambipolar Photoresponsivity for High‐Resolution Light Wavelength Detection
Authors: Deng Jianan , Zong Lingyi , Zhu Mingsai , Liao Fuyou , Xie Yuying , Guo Zhongxun , Liu Jian , Lu Bingrui , Wang Jianlu , Hu Weida , Zhou Peng , Bao Wenzhong , Wan Jing
Published: September 2019

Photogating detectors based on 2D materials attract significant research interests. However, most of these photodetectors are only sensitive to the incident intensities and lack the ability to distinguish different wavelengths. Color imaging based on these detectors usually requires additional optical filter arrays to collect red, green, and blue (RGB) colors in different photodetectors to restore the true color of one pixel. In this study, an MoS2/HfO2/silicon‐on‐insulator field effect phototransistor with wavelength distinguishing ability is presented, where the photogating effect can be simultaneously formed in the top MoS2 gate and bottom Si substrate gate. These two individual photogating effects can reduce and increase the read current in the middle 12 nm Si channel, respectively. Thus, by tuning the applied voltages on these two gates, the device can be used to obtain tunable ambipolar photoresponsivity from +7000 A W−1 (Si bottom gate dominated) to 0 A W−1 (balanced), and finally to −8000 A W−1 (MoS2 gate dominated). In addition, the experimental results show that the corresponding top gate voltage to the zero responsivity (0 A W−1) point can be positively shifted by the increasing of incident wavelength with high resolution up to 2 nm and is insensitive to the incident intensity.
Recent Advances in Fiber‐Shaped Supercapacitors and Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wang Chun‐Hui , Lu Wen , Dai Liming
Published: September 2019

The rapid development in wearable electronics has spurred a great deal of interest in flexible energy storage devices, particularly fiber‐shaped energy storage devices (FSESDs), such as fiber‐shaped supercapacitors (FSSCs) and fiber‐shaped batteries (FSBs). Depending on their electrode configurations, FSESDs can contain five differently structured electrodes, including parallel fiber electrodes (PFEs), twisted fiber electrodes (TFDs), wrapped fiber electrodes (WFEs), coaxial fiber devices (CFEs), and rolled electrodes (REs). Various rational methods have been devised to incorporate these fiber‐shaped electrodes into multifunctional FSESDs, including fiber‐shaped supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, lithium–air batteries, zinc–air batteries, and aluminum–air batteries. Although significant progress has been made in FSESDs, it remains a major challenge to make high‐performance fiber‐shaped devices at low cost. A focused and critical review of the recent advancements in fiber‐shaped supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries is provided here. The pros and cons for each of the aforementioned electrode configurations and FSESDs are discussed, along with current challenges and future opportunities for FSESDs.
An Ordered Ni6‐Ring Superstructure Enables a Highly Stable Sodium Oxide Cathode
Authors: Wang Peng‐Fei , Weng Mouyi , Xiao Yao , Hu Zongxiang , Li Qinghao , Li Meng , Wang Yi‐Ding , Chen Xin , Yang Xinan , Wen Yuren , Yin Ya‐Xia , Yu Xiqian , Xiao Yinguo , Zheng Jiaxin , Wan Li‐Jun , Pan Feng , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: September 2019

Sodium‐based layered oxides are among the leading cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries, toward potential grid energy storage, having large specific capacity, good ionic conductivity, and feasible synthesis. Despite their excellent prospects, the performance of layered intercalation materials is affected by both a phase transition induced by the gliding of the transition metal slabs and air‐exposure degradation within the Na layers. Here, this problem is significantly mitigated by selecting two ions with very different MO bond energies to construct a highly ordered Ni6‐ring superstructure within the transition metal layers in a model compound (NaNi2/3Sb1/3O2). By virtue of substitution of 1/3 nickel with antimony in NaNiO2, the existence of these ordered Ni6‐rings with super‐exchange interaction to form a symmetric atomic configuration and degenerate electronic orbital in layered oxides can not only largely enhance their air stability and thermal stability, but also increase the redox potential and simplify the phase‐transition process during battery cycling. The findings reveal that the ordered Ni6‐ring superstructure is beneficial for constructing highly stable layered cathodes and calls for new paradigms for better design of layered materials.
Effect of Perforation on the Thermal and Electrical Breakdown of Self‐Rolled‐Up Nanomembrane Structures
Authors: Michaels Julian A. , Wood Derek R. , Froeter Paul J. , Huang Wen , Sievers Dane J. , Li Xiuling
Published: September 2019

Strain‐induced self‐rolled‐up membranes (S‐RuM) are structures formed spontaneously by releasing a strained layer or layer stacks from its mechanical support, with unique applications in passive photonics, electronics, and bioengineering. Depending on the thermal properties of the strained layers, these structures can experience various thermally induced deformations. These deformations can be avoided and augmented with the addition of strategically placed perforations in the membrane. This study reports on the use of perforations to modify the thermal effects on strained silicon nitride S‐RuM structures. A programmable fuse with well‐defined thermal threshold, ultrasmall footprint, and 2–3 V voltage rating is demonstrated, which can potentially serve as an on‐chip sensing device for power electronic circuits.
Highly Stable Nanocrystal Engineered Palladium Decorated Cuprous Oxide Photocathode for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Masudy‐Panah Saeid , Khiavi Negar Dasineh , Katal Reza , Ten It Wong , Saeedikhani Mohsen , Rimaz Sajjad , Ying Wu , Xiao Gong
Published: September 2019

Photocorrosion stability and the discrepancy between optical absorption and carrier diffusion length of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films are the main limiting factors for hydrogen evolution and practical applications of Cu2O photocathodes. In this paper, by nanocrystal engineering the Cu2O optical absorbing thin film, the photocorrosion stability can be significantly improved. Furthermore, palladium (Pd) nanostructures are used to both act as a cocatalysis and address the discrepancy between optical absorption and carrier diffusion length of cuprous oxide and improve the photocatalytic activity of Cu2O photocathodes. By tuning the crystal quality of thin Cu2O film and Pd nanostructures through controlling the sputtering power of Cu2O and in situ plasma of substrate, the impact of the degree of crystallinity of thin Cu2O film and Pd nanostructures on photocorrosion stability and photocatalytic activity of prepared photocathodes are investigated in detail. Systematic characterization of prepared samples by using X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscope analysis indicates that improving the crystallinity of deposited Cu2O thin film and Pd nanostructures can significantly improve the photocorrosion stability and performance of Cu2O based photocathodes.
Effectiveness and analysis of factors predictive of discharge to home in a 4‐year cohort in a residential transitional care unit
Authors: Chan Daniel Kam Yin , Zhang Shouzi , Liu Yvonne , Upton Ciaran , Kurien Priya Elsa , Li Rui , Hohenberg Mark I. , Hung Wai Tak
Published: September 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and identify factors predictive of home discharge in a cohort of patients admitted to the residential Transitional Aged Care Program (r‐TACP) after a stay in an acute hospital.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study of patients admitted to a single r‐TACP unit between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017 was carried out. Baseline patient characteristics and discharge outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Three hundred sixty‐nine patients were admitted during the study period. The discharge outcomes were as follows: 68% returned home, 17% went onto residential care, 14% were readmitted to hospital, and 1% died. Factors associated with not returning home were increased age, increased comorbidities, and lower Barthel Index on admission to the r‐TACP.

Conclusion

Our r‐TACP is an effective program that successfully returns the majority (67.8%) of older patients home after an acute hospital admission. Older patients with greater comorbidities and poorer baseline functional status in our program were less likely to return home.
Synthesis of Tetraarylethene Luminogens by C−H Vinylation of Aromatic Compounds with Triazenes
Authors: Suleymanov Abdusalom A. , Doll Martin , Ruggi Albert , Scopelliti Rosario , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Severin Kay
Published: September 2019

Tetraarylethenes are obtained by acid‐induced coupling of vinyl triazenes with aromatic compounds. This new C−H activation route for the synthesis of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens is simple, fast, and versatile. It allows the direct grafting of triarylethenyl groups onto a variety of aromatic compounds, including heterocycles, supramolecular hosts, biologically relevant molecules, and commercial polymers.
Biochar as heterogeneous support for immobilization of Pd as efficient and reusable biocatalyst in C–C coupling reactions
Authors: Moradi Parisa , Hajjami Maryam , Valizadeh‐Kakhki Fatemeh
Published: September 2019

Biochar is a stable and carbon‐rich solid which has a high density of carbonyl, hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups on its surface. In this work, the surface of biochar nanoparticles (BNPs) was modified with 3‐choloropropyltrimtoxysilane and further 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole was anchored on its surface. Then, palladium nanoparticles were fabricated on the surface of the modified BNPs and further the catalytic application was studied as recyclable biocatalyst in carbon–carbon coupling reactions such as Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki cross‐coupling reactions. The structure of the catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The catalyst can be reused several times without a decrease in its catalytic efficiency. In addition to the several advantages reported, application of biochar as catalyst support for the first time is a major novelty of the present work.
Drivers of consensus‐based decision‐making in international environmental regimes: Lessons from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Sykora‐Bodie Seth T. , Morrison Tiffany H.
Published: September 2019

The global environmental crisis (characterized by declines in biodiversity, transboundary pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change) has inspired international environmental regimes, such as the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), to establish large‐scale networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) in areas beyond national jurisdiction.

The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica comprises roughly 10% of the global ocean and plays a crucial role in regulating global climate and marine ecosystems. Although the Antarctic marine environment currently remains one of the most intact on Earth, it is threatened by fishery expansion and a rapidly changing climate. In response, CCAMLR has been developing a representative network of MPAs to sustain ecosystem structure and function, protect areas vulnerable to human activities, and conserve biodiversity.

Whereas significant research has focused on the role of formal mechanisms and state power in international environmental regimes, very little is known about the role of non‐state actors and informal approaches, particularly in the negotiation of agreements to establish large‐scale networks of MPAs.

Case analysis of the 2016 Ross Sea Region MPA agreement reveals that CCAMLR is undergoing a significant period of learning and institutional evolution, as actors seek novel ways to negotiate a network of Southern Ocean MPAs. Key drivers of consensus include external political dynamics, internal leadership and group dynamics, and shared concern for the future of CCAMLR and Antarctic MPAs.

Actors also rely on informal principles of negotiation (such as increasing transparency, developing trust, and engaging in dialogue) to fill institutional gaps in both CCAMLR's formal structure and the current process for developing and negotiating MPAs.

As environmental threats grow in complexity and scale, non‐state actors and informal negotiations will become increasingly critical to support the ongoing success of formal international institutions dedicated to protecting the ecological integrity and function of the global environment.
Evaluating the efficacy of small‐scale marine protected areas for preserving reef health: A case study applying emerging monitoring technology
Authors: Bayley Daniel T.I. , Mogg Andrew O.M. , Purvis Andy , Koldewey Heather J.
Published: September 2019

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as management tools to conserve species and ecosystems at risk from human impact. Coastal managers often focus MPA designation on biogenic reef environments due to their value and sensitivity to damage. However, difficulties in enforcement and a lack of capacity to adequately monitor MPAs often make it hard for managers to assess the effectiveness of MPAs, particularly in under‐resourced, low‐income coastal countries.

Reef community data were collected at three long‐term managed reserves within the Western Visayas region of the central Philippines in order to assess the state of reef community structure inside and outside of these small‐scale locally managed MPAs. In addition, 3D structural data were captured using recently developed 'Structure from Motion' photogrammetry techniques, demonstrating how multiple quantitative metrics of physical structural complexity and health can be recorded in such analyses.

These community‐run MPAs were shown to be effective even when small (10–20 ha). Mean fish biomass density was five times greater within present‐day protected sites, alongside significantly increased levels of fish diversity, richness, and size. No significant structural differences were observed inside and outside of MPAs; however, average reef rugosity, height, and roughness were significantly higher in unfished reefs compared to blast‐fished reefs. Reef substrate complexity, coral composition, and level of management, were also shown to structure fish community assemblages, with the link between reef structure and fish richness/abundance disrupted outside of MPAs.

The Structure from Motion technique allows a greater range of quantitative morphometrics to be assessed than traditional methods and at relatively low cost. The technique is rapid, non‐destructive and can be archived, increasing the value of data for managers wishing to quantify reef health and efficiently monitor benthic changes through time. We discuss both the limitations and benefits of this technology's future use.
Inorganic pyrophosphatase from the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) modulates mitochondrial polyphosphate metabolism
Authors: Mirra Bianca , Carvalho Klébea , Curitiba Bianca , Ribeiro Lupis , Moraes Jorge , da Silva José R. , Costa Evenilton P. , da Fonseca Rodrigo N. , Campos Eldo
Published: September 2019

Polyphosphates (polyPs) have been found in all cell types examined to date and play diverse roles, depending on the cell type. In eukaryotic organisms, polyPs have been mainly investigated in mammalian cells, with few studies on insects. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial polyphosphate metabolism in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Substrate specificity for different chain lengths demonstrated the presence of two exopolyphosphatase isoforms in mitochondria. T. castaneum mitochondrial polyP levels decreased after injection with soluble pyrophosphatase (Tc‐sPPase) dsRNA, while the membrane exopolyphosphate activity increased. Mitochondrial respiration modulated exopolyphosphatase activity only in wild‐type beetles. Tripolyphosphate was able to increase the F‐ATPase activity in wild‐type and Tc‐sPPase RNAi beetles. We suggest that inorganic pyrophosphatase modulates polyphosphate metabolism in mitochondria and affects the link between mitochondrial activity and polyphosphate metabolism in T. castaneum.
Extensive lymphatic spread of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is associated with an increase in expression of genes involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell‐like properties
Authors: Lee Sohee , Bae Ja Seong , Jung Chan Kwon , Chung Woong Youn
Published: September 2019

Background

Active surveillance is an alternative management for patents with low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC); however, there is an absence of specific molecular markers that predict its progression. We compared gene expression patterns between PTMC with lateral neck‐node metastasis (N1b) and PTMC‐lacking nodal metastasis (N0).

Methods

We performed oligonucleotide microarray analysis in three PTMCs without cervical lymph‐node metastases (N0), and five PTMCs with lateral neck‐node metastasis (N1b) at initial diagnosis, using an Illumina HumanHT‐12 v4.0 Expression BeadChip. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis confirmed microarray data. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm protein overexpression in samples from 20 N0 and 24 N1b PTMC patients who underwent thyroidectomy.

Results

Microarray analyses identified 52 probes corresponding to 45 genes. Expression of these genes differed significantly between the two PTMC groups. Forty genes were significantly upregulated and five genes were downregulated in N1b PTMC compared to N0. Four genes related to epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell markers, including ALDH1A3, TM4SF1, PROM1, and CAV1 were significantly upregulated in N1b PTMCs. Real‐time qPCR confirmed this expression and western blot analysis confirmed higher expression of ALDH1A3, TM4SF1, PROM1, and CAV1 in N1b than in N0 PTMCs. IHC indicated overexpression of ALDH1A3 and CAV1 in N1b compared to N0 PTMCs.

Conclusions

Genes related to EMT and thyroid cancer stem cell‐like properties are upregulated in early extensive lymphatic spread of PTMC.
Deception in psychotherapy: Frequency, typology and relationship
Authors: Curtis Drew A. , Hart Christian L.
Published: September 2019

Deception in therapy has been documented anecdotally through various narratives of therapists. The investigation of its occurrence within therapy has largely been overlooked. We explored the reported frequency of deception within psychotherapy, the types of deception used within therapy, the likelihood of people lying to a therapist compared to other groups of people, and client perceptions of the types of deception that therapists use. Ninety‐one participants were provided with a series of deception examples, asked questions about the use of these types of deception within therapy, and asked generally about their use of deception in therapy. We found that a majority of the participants had been deceptive in therapy, and a majority were willing to be deceptive in future therapeutic contexts. Participants were more likely to use white lies than other forms of deception in therapy. Lastly, participants were less likely to lie to therapists compared to strangers and acquaintances. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Dimethyl Aminoethyl Azide in Water via TiO2/Light Expanded Clay Aggregate Catalyst
Authors: Pakdehi Shahram G. , Shaveisi Yaser
Published: September 2019

The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 over light expanded clay aggregate granules was determined for degradation of dimethyl aminoethyl azide (DMAZ) in water with mercury lamps as UV sources. First, the catalyst was synthesized and characterized, then, the effect of various parameters on DMAZ degradation was investigated. The results showed that the photodegradation improved with increasing initial concentration of DMAZ. In addition, the DMAZ conversion grew with higher pH value and catalyst dosage. Under optimum conditions, a degradation of 54.7 % for DMAZ could be achieved. A first‐order rate model presented good accordance with the experimental data.
Basal Histamine H4 Receptor Activation: Agonist Mimicry by the Diphenylalanine Motif
Authors: Wifling David , Pfleger Christopher , Kaindl Jonas , Ibrahim Passainte , Kling Ralf C. , Buschauer Armin , Gohlke Holger , Clark Timothy
Published: September 2019

Histamine H4 receptor (H4R) orthologues are G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that exhibit species‐dependent basal activity. In contrast to the basally inactive mouse H4R (mH4R), human H4R (hH4R) shows a high degree of basal activity. We have performed long‐timescale molecular dynamics simulations and rigidity analyses on wild‐type hH4R, the experimentally characterized hH4R variants S179M, F169V, F169V+S179M, F168A, and on mH4R to investigate the molecular nature of the differential basal activity. H4R variant‐dependent differences between essential motifs of GPCR activation and structural stabilities correlate with experimentally determined basal activities and provide a molecular explanation for the differences in basal activation. Strikingly, during the MD simulations, F16945.55 dips into the orthosteric binding pocket only in the case of hH4R, thus adopting the role of an agonist and contributing to the stabilization of the active state. The results shed new light on the molecular mechanism of basal H4R activation that are of importance for other GPCRs.
Preparation of a Series of Supported Nonsymmetrical PNP‐Pincer Ligands and the Application in Ester Hydrogenation
Authors: Konrath Robert , Spannenberg Anke , Kamer Paul C. J.
Published: September 2019

In contrast to their symmetrical analogues, nonsymmetrical PNP‐type ligand motifs have been less investigated despite the modular pincer structure. However, the introduction of mixed phosphorus donor moieties provides access to a larger variety of PNP ligands. Herein, a facile solid‐phase synthesis approach towards a diverse PNP‐pincer ligand library of 14 members is reported. Contrary to often challenging workup procedures in solution‐phase, only simple workup steps are required. The corresponding supported ruthenium‐PNP catalysts are screened in ester hydrogenation. Usually, industrially applied heterogeneous catalysts require harsh conditions in this reaction (250–350 °C at 100–200 bar) often leading to reduced selectivities. Heterogenized reusable Ru‐PNP catalysts are capable of reducing esters and lactones selectively under mild conditions.
Höre auf Deinen Prozess
Authors: Hefft Daniel Ingo , Alberini Federico
Published: September 2019

Moderne Produktionsprozesse im chemischen, pharmazeutischen und Lebensmittelsektor sind komplex und basieren meist auf einer kontinuierlichen Prozessführung. Mit Hilfe von Rheality wird es erstmals ermöglicht, die Rheologie von Ein‐ und Mehrphasensystemen live im Prozess zu überwachen (nebst anderen kritischen Faktoren).
Smartifizierung
Authors: Krause Peter
Published: September 2019

Ende Mai hatte der VDMA Baden‐Württemberg in Kooperation mit dem Mittelstand 4.0‐Kompetenzzentrum Stuttgart und dem Fraunhofer IPA zu einer Veranstaltung nach Weil der Stadt, zur Firma Wolftechnik Filtersysteme eingeladen. Die Gäste kamen von mittelständischen, großen und teilweise sehr großen Firmen, um sich anhand eines Fallbeispiels der Wolftechnik Filtersysteme über die Möglichkeiten der Smartifizierung von Komponenten zu informieren.
Horizontale Röntgeninspektion
Authors: Loof Elmaar
Published: September 2019

Mit dem neuen Sideshooter Dymond D und einer Neuauflage des Dymond S modernisiert Minebea Intec sein Premium‐Portfolio im Bereich horizontaler Röntgeninspektion.
Niedertemperatur‐Oxidation
Authors: Kaltenegger Johann
Published: September 2019

Linde bietet mit LoTOx eine auf Ozon basierende Technologie zur Abgasreinigung, die die herkömmlichen Verfahren in punkto Flexibilität und Leistungsfähigkeit übertrifft. In Branchen, in denen fossile Energieträger verbrannt werden, kann das System damit einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Einhaltung der Umweltauflagen leisten.
Co‐presence and mobile apps: Technology's impact on being with others
Authors: Clauzel Amélie , Riché Caroline , Le Hegarat Bénédicte , Zerbib Romain
Published: September 2019

Despite a lack of theoretical understanding regarding how consumers react when using mobile applications in a store, the latter are being used more and more often in shared consumption areas. This research explores the impact that using a mobile application has on perceptions of co‐presence. Depending on the consumption experience stage, this technological tool can be a social facilitator that enhances interactions with companions or a device that makes it possible to reduce a negative crowd impression. This paper is positioned at the intersection of interpersonal influence research and research focused on mobile technologies' effect on the purchasing process. It may interest managers of sites where there is high co‐presence and where a mobile application might reduce negative crowd impressions and facilitate in‐group sharing.
A new analytical framework for network vulnerability on subway system
Authors: Xu Jia , Song Shouxin , Zhai Huaiyuan , Yuan Pengwei , Chen Mingli
Published: September 2019

As the network gradually penetrates into all aspects of life, the transportation system as the most network‐specific field, its security management issues need to be innovative from the traditional aspects. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the traffic network from the perspective of vulnerability. First, starting from the conceptual framework of vulnerability, the process of the concept of vulnerability is gradually complicated. At the same time, the main points of vulnerability analysis at each level are defined. Secondly, the analysis model is constructed on two aspects of network vulnerability: station and community. The concept of station vulnerability, which is similar to the traditional vulnerability analysis, is proposed in this paper. Considering the interrelationship between the indicators, the ANP method is used to construct the evaluation model. However, in the community area, the concept of regional vulnerability is proposed, which is based on the community structure of complex networks. Finally, the actual vulnerability analysis was carried out with the Beijing Subway as an example. The result of the calculation not only can obtain important stations that need to be controlled but also divide the lines in the network structure into suitable communities. This improves the collaboration between the subway system and other functional entities in society.
Examining sex as a predictor and moderator of treatment outcomes for binge‐eating disorder: Analysis of aggregated randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Masheb Robin , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study examined whether sex predicted and/or moderated treatment outcomes among men and women who participated in binge‐eating disorder (BED) randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Method

Data were aggregated from RCTs performed at one medical center. RCTs tested cognitive‐behavioral therapy, behavioral weight loss, multimodal treatment, and/or control conditions. Participants were 660 adults, both men (n = 170) and women (n = 490), with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐fourth edition (DSM‐IV)‐defined BED. Doctoral‐level research‐clinicians assessed participants using structured interviews and established self‐report measures of eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression, and measured height and weight. Assessments occurred at baseline, throughout treatment, and at post‐treatment.

Results

Sex was not a significant moderator of any treatment outcomes. Mixed models revealed sex had a main effect: men had lower eating‐disorder psychopathology and lost more weight than women over the course of treatment.

Discussion

Both epidemiological and RCT studies report disparities in treatment‐seeking between men and women with BED. Despite this, men have comparable or better treatment outcomes compared with women, including significantly greater weight loss. Thus, disseminating evidence‐based BED treatments is promising for both men and women. Additional research is necessary, however, to understand treatment effects—including other predictors and moderators of outcomes—across diverse providers, treatment settings, and patient groups.
Data‐driven I‐PD gain tuning using closed‐loop step response data
Authors: Masuda Shiro , Park Jongho , Matsui Yoshihiro
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a design method for continuous‐time VRFT (Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning) for I‐PD (Integral‐Proportional, Differential) gain tuning using closed‐loop step response data. The I‐PD controllers can avoid an abrupt change of manipulated variables, and have been widely used for industrial process control. The present work derives an optimal prefilter condition, and a design procedure of an optimal prefilter. The efficiency of the proposed method is assured using a numerical example and a helicopter attitude control experimental result.
Surviving drought: a framework for understanding animal responses to small rain events in the arid zone
Authors: Maute Kimberly , Hose Grant C. , Story Paul , Bull C. Michael , French Kristine
Published: September 2019

Large rain events drive dramatic resource pulses and the complex pulse‐reserve dynamics of arid ecosystems change between high‐rain years and drought. However, arid‐zone animal responses to short‐term changes in climate are unknown, particularly smaller rain events that briefly interrupt longer‐term drought. Using arthropods as model animals, we determined the effects of a small rain event on arthropod abundance in western New South Wales, Australia during a longer‐term shift toward drought. Arthropod abundance decreased over 2 yr, but captures of 10 out of 15 ordinal taxa increased dramatically after the small rain event (<40 mm). The magnitude of increases ranged from 10.4 million% (collembolans) to 81% (spiders). After 3 months, most taxa returned to prerain abundance. However, small soil‐dwelling beetles, mites, spiders, and collembolans retained high abundances despite the onset of winter temperatures and lack of subsequent rain. As predicted by pulse‐reserve models, most arid‐zone arthropod populations declined during drought. However, small rain events may play a role in buffering some taxa from declines during longer‐term drought or other xenobiotic influences. We outline the framework for a new model of animal responses to environmental conditions in the arid zone, as some species clearly benefit from rain inputs that do not dramatically influence primary productivity.
Native Pathways to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Graduate Degrees
Authors: Mills Jack I. , Thomas Aaron , Galindo Ed , Hartline Beverly Karplus , Dhingra Amit
Published: September 2019

There is a pressing need for American Indian and Native Alaskan professionals who have the preparation necessary to address the quality of life and natural resource issues in Native communities. We assert that universities should adopt proactive strategies that build pathways for Natives to obtain advanced degrees.
Plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer stage: Findings from an international consortium
Authors: Geijsen Anne J.M.R. , van Roekel Eline H. , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Achaintre David , Bachleitner‐Hofmann Thomas , Baierl Andreas , Bergmann Michael M. , Boehm Jürgen , Bours Martijn J.L. , Brenner Hermann , Breukink Stéphanie O. , Brezina Stefanie , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Herpel Esther , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Gicquiau Audrey , Gigic Biljana , Gumpenberger Tanja , Hansson Bibi M.E. , Hoffmeister Michael , Holowatyj Andreana N. , Karner‐Hanusch Judith , Keski‐Rahkonen Pekka , Keulen Eric T.P. , Koole Janna L. , Leeb Gernot , Ose Jennifer , Schirmacher Peter , Schneider Martin A. , Schrotz‐King Petra , Stift Anton , Ulvik Arve , Vogelaar F. Jeroen , Wesselink Evertine , van Zutphen Moniek , Gsur Andrea , Habermann Nina , Kampman Ellen , Scalbert Augustin , Ueland Per M. , Ulrich Alexis B. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Weijenberg Matty P. , Kok Dieuwertje E.
Published: September 2019

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer‐related death globally, with marked differences in prognosis by disease stage at diagnosis. We studied circulating metabolites in relation to disease stage to improve the understanding of metabolic pathways related to colorectal cancer progression. We investigated plasma concentrations of 130 metabolites among 744 Stages I–IV colorectal cancer patients from ongoing cohort studies. Plasma samples, collected at diagnosis, were analyzed with liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ™ p180 kit. We assessed associations between metabolite concentrations and stage using multinomial and multivariable logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders as well as multiple testing using false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Patients presented with 23, 28, 39 and 10% of Stages I–IV disease, respectively. Concentrations of sphingomyelin C26:0 were lower in Stage III patients compared to Stage I patients (pFDR < 0.05). Concentrations of sphingomyelin C18:0 and phosphatidylcholine (diacyl) C32:0 were statistically significantly higher, while citrulline, histidine, phosphatidylcholine (diacyl) C34:4, phosphatidylcholine (acyl‐alkyl) C40:1 and lysophosphatidylcholines (acyl) C16:0 and C17:0 concentrations were lower in Stage IV compared to Stage I patients (pFDR < 0.05). Our results suggest that metabolic pathways involving among others citrulline and histidine, implicated previously in colorectal cancer development, may also be linked to colorectal cancer progression.
Utility of the REDFLAGS Model for Supporting Community College Students’ Mental Health: Implications for Counselors
Authors: Kalkbrenner Michael T. , Brown Eric M. , Carlisle Kristy L. , Carlisle Robert M.
Published: September 2019

The counseling literature is lacking in research on supporting the mental health needs of the growing community college student population. A number of past investigators have demonstrated the utility of mental health literacy for supporting college students’ mental health on 4‐year universities. The present researchers examined the validity of the REDFLAGS model (a theoretical model for promoting mental health literacy) with a national stratified random sample (N = 640, stratified by age, gender, and ethnicity) of community college students. Collectively, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical logistic regression, and factorial analysis of variance supported the use of the model with community college students. Implications for enhancing counseling practice as well as directions for future research are provided.
Prediction of pKas of Late Transition‐Metal Hydrides via a QM/QM Approach
Authors: Patel Prajay , Wang Jiaqi , Wilson Angela K.
Published: September 2019

Three implicit solvation models, the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (C‐PCM), the conductor‐like screening model (COSMO), and universal implicit solvent model (SMD), combined with a hybrid two layer QM/QM approach (ONIOM), were utilized to calculate the pKa values, using a direct thermodynamic scheme, of a set of Group 10 transition metal (TM) hydrides in acetonitrile. To obtain the optimal combination of quantum methods for ONIOM calculations with implicit solvation models, the influence of factors, such as the choice of density functional and basis set, the atomic radii used to build a cavity in the solvent, and the size of the model system in an ONIOM scheme, was examined. Additionally, the impact of Grimme's empirical dispersion correction and exact exchange was also investigated. The results were calibrated by experimental data. This investigation provides insight about effective models for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of TM‐containing complexes with bulky ligands. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain crude oil in soils using instant Fenton pre‐oxidation
Authors: Xu Jinlan , Li Lu , Du Juan , Wang Huifang
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Many studies have reported that most Fenton pre‐oxidation steps either do more damage to the indigenous hydrocarbon degraders (IHD) or produce lower concentrations of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4+‐N) during Fenton oxidation combined with bioremediation for oil‐contaminated soils, which causes the subsequent bioremediation to be unsustainable and poor. The aim of the present study was to find an instant Fenton pre‐oxidation for the efficient sustainable biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes, and to determine the ratio (K) of residual concentration of NH4+‐N to residual population of IHD that can reach a balance after this instant Fenton pre‐oxidation.

RESULTS

Five Fenton oxidation experiments were carried out with iron bound to soil organic matter (SOM). On this basis, a 75‐day field experiment of instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46 combined with bioremediation was performed. Experimental results showed that a similar efficient biodegradation (≈261 mg kg−1) of long‐chain alkanes C30–C25 at each stage was obtained after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. So up to 75% of the biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes occurred after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46, which was 2.3‐ and 2.0‐fold greater than the corresponding biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes after noninstant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K ≠ 46.

CONCLUSION

The study indicated that efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain alkanes can be achieved after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. Analyses of microbial diversity revealed that a possible explanation for the efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain alkanes in soils was that sensitive, slow growth of the IHDs Nocardiode and Noviherbaspirillum was not damaged after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The consequences of (not) seeing eye‐to‐eye about the past: The role of supervisor–team fit in past temporal focus for supervisors' leadership behavior
Authors: Briker Roman , Walter Frank , Cole Michael S.
Published: September 2019

This study seeks to advance our understanding of the leadership consequences that may ensue when supervisors and their teams have similar versus differing orientations toward the past. Integrating a leader–team fit perspective with functional leadership theory, we cast incongruence between supervisor and team past temporal focus as a key antecedent of supervisors' active (i.e., task‐oriented and relationship‐oriented) and passive (i.e., laissez‐faire) leadership behaviors toward the team. We tested our hypotheses in a team‐level study that included a field sample of 84 supervisors and their teams using polynomial regression and response surface analyses. Results illustrated that supervisors demonstrated more task‐oriented and relationship‐oriented leadership when supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus were incongruent rather than aligned. Furthermore, in situations of supervisor–team congruence, supervisors engaged in less task‐oriented and relationship‐oriented leadership and more laissez‐faire leadership with higher (rather than lower) levels of supervisor and team past temporal focus. In sum, these findings support a complex (mis)fit model such that supervisors' attention to the past may hinder their productive leadership behaviors in some team contexts but not in others. Hence, this research advances a novel, multiple‐stakeholder perspective on the role of both supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus for important leadership behaviors.
Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resistance, Fusarium graminearum DNA content, strain potential toxin production, and disease severity on deoxynivalenol content
Authors: Fan Pingsheng , Gu Kejun , Wu Jingjing , Zhou Mingguo , Chen Changjun
Published: September 2019

Six wheat cultivars with varied resistance to Gibberella zeae (Anamorph, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) were inoculated with six monoconidial strains of G. zeae to investigate the effect of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight on deoxynivalenol (DON) contents. Samples were selected from grains from each plot, and heavily infected kernels and sound (uninfected) kernels prepared at 10% and 20% Fusarium‐diseased kernels (FDK). The proportions of scabbed spikelets (PSS) in the field, total DON (containing DON, 3‐acetyl‐deoxynivalenol, and 15‐acetyl‐deoxynivalenol), and F. graminearum DNA (Tri5 DNA) in the samples were quantified in 2006 and 2007. PSS exhibited significant variability among the six wheat cultivars. Potential DON production also had significant differences among the six strains. DON toxin concentrations and F. graminearum DNA (Tri5 DNA) showed no significant differences among the six wheat cultivars following inoculation with similar F. graminearum strains at similar FDK levels and at similar disease severity after culture in similar conditions. DON content in grains of the tested wheat cultivars varied with inoculation strain and FDK level, but not with the resistance level of the cultivars to F. graminearum.