bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical Evolution of Gift Diplomacy from Ancient to Modern Times
Authors: Xia Huatian
Published: July 2022

Giving gifts is indispensable in diplomatic etiquette. The exchange of gifts can enhance friendship between the two countries or convey deep-seated intentions. With the development of society, diplomatic gifts are no longer antiques but more symbolic goods. Diplomatic gifts are defined from sociology, and the historical evolution of gift diplomacy is explored from the tributary system, the transformation of participants, and gift ontology. Through analysis, it is found that ancient gift diplomacy focuses on reflecting national strength and has hierarchical differences. The gift is given in the name of Nagong by the conquered. With the development of society and the weakening of hierarchy, modern diplomacy pursues equality. The country maintains friendly relations between countries through gift exchange. Diplomatic gifts usually have symbolic meaning, artistic value, and emotional value, and gift selection is increasingly flexible. Animals also become the common diplomatic gifts, such as China’s pandas, Japan’s dogs, and Russia’s cats.
Research on Regional Economic High-quality Development Along the Belt and Road of China
Authors: Han Fangjie
Published: July 2022

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly and made remarkable achievements. China has become the second largest economy in the world. But behind the high investment, high consumption and high growth, the quality problems of economic growth such as excessive consumption of energy, deterioration of environmental quality, imbalance of economic structure and widening income gap are gradually prominent. In 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping called for high-quality belt and Road cooperation as a basic requirement for the next stage. "The Belt and Road" is an important regional development in China, and the study of its high-quality economic development level can provide an important basis and reference for the national high-quality economic development research. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the high-quality economic development level of provinces and regions along the "Belt and Road" and clarify the current orientation of high-quality economic development for deepening opening-up, innovative development and sharing the fruits of development with the people. Global principal component analysis (pca), this paper calculates the inter-provincial economic development level of high quality composite scores, the clustering analysis, variation coefficient, thayer index method, such as in China during 2008-2017 "neighbourhood" all the way along the route 17 provinces and autonomous regions for evaluation and analysis, from the Angle of time sequence, regional perspective and dimension to analyze the differences, In order to analyze the high-quality economic development level of provinces and regions along the Belt and Road in a more comprehensive way, 17 provinces and regions are divided into different types.
Research on the Cultivation of Harmonious Values of Private Enterprises from the Perspective of Common Prosperity
Authors: Rao Jingan , Xiong Yan
Published: July 2022

Common prosperity is the meaning of socialism with Chinese characteristics and a Chinese-style road to modernization. Based on the important role of private enterprises in common prosperity and the deep accumulation of harmonious culture in China, it is urgent and conditional to put forward and cultivate the harmonious values of private enterprises. From the perspective of external environment, the new development concept is the fundamental compliance of the cultivation of harmonious values of private enterprises, and the reform of distribution system is the inevitable way of the cultivation of harmonious values of private enterprises. From the perspective of internal environment, the cultivation of harmonious values of private enterprises is inseparable from the value consciousness and value change of all employees of enterprises, and the design and implementation of harmonious value oriented system.
Canscora sanjappae (Gentianaceae) - A new species from Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India
Authors: Diwakar P. , Singh R.
Published: July 2022

A new species, Canscora sanjappae, allied to C. diffusa (Vahl) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. from Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka is described and illustrated.
Some new reports regarding the Insect-fern relationships
Authors: Pande H. , Joshi Pragya , Pande P.
Published: July 2022

The present paper deals with ecological relationships of insects (Arthropoda – Animalia) with ferns (Pteridophyta-Plantae). It is based on field observations during the collection of ferns from various areas of Garhwal particularly Chamoli and Rudraprayag districts.
Additions to the flora of Tamil Nadu, India with reference to rare, endemic, red-listed and endangered plants from Velliangiri Hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
Authors: Murugesan M. , Balasubramaniam V.
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with the occurrence of five rare, endemic, red-listed and endangered plants such as Buchanania lanceolata Wight, Syzygium bourdillonii (Gamble) Rathakrishnan & N.C. Nair, S. travancoricum Gamble, Begonia trichocarpa Dalz., and Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii (Gamble) Naithani of angiosperms collected from Velliangiri hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu. They are reported for the first time from Tamil Nadu state. Correct nomenclature, brief descriptions, specimen examined and critical notes if any, along with phenological and distributional data are given for each species to facilitate for further collections and easy identification.
C47: Boost intégré simultané dans les carcinomes invasifs localement avancés du col utérin
Authors: Diène P M , Gaye P M , Ayemou A , Ba M B , Kassé A
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION : La prise en charge des formes localement avancées des carcinomes du col utérin repose essentiellement sur la radiothérapie. L’irradiation va combiner la radiothérapie externe et la curiethérapie. Pour les patientes ne pouvant pas bénéficier de la curiethérapie, le boost est apporté uniquement par radiothérapie externe. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la technique de traitement du boost intégré simultané dans les cancers du col localement avancés en évaluant la dosimétrie, la toxicité et la réponse précoce du traitement. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Ce travail est une étude prospective descriptive portant sur 20 patientes atteintes de carcinome invasif du col utérin localement avancé traitées par radiothérapie au Centre International de Cancérologie de Dakar sur une période de 12 mois de Juillet 2019 à Juin 2020. Toutes les patientes de l’étude étaient traitées en radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d’intensité à la dose de 48 Gy sur le pelvis et 60 Gy en 25 fractions sur la tumeur, ses extensions macroscopiques et les adénopathies en boost intégré simultané. Nous avons étudié les paramètres thérapeutiques et l’évolution précoce des différentes patientes atteintes de carcinome invasif du col utérin localement avancé traitées par radiothérapie avec boost intégré associée à une chimiothérapie concomitante. RESULTATS : Il ressort de notre étude que les cancers du col utérin traités au CICD étaient au deuxième rang des cancers féminins (12%) après celui du sein (28,5%). Le suivi médian de nos patientes était de 12 mois. L’âge moyen au diagnostic était de 55 ans. La classification par stade de la FIGO 2009 montrait une prédominance du stade IIB retrouvé dans huit cas soit 40%. Les 95% du volume des PTV avaient reçu entre 95% et 107% de la dose prescrite. La D95% du PTV moyenne était de 59,8 Gy. Toutes les contraintes de dose au niveau des organes à risques étaient bien respectées. On retrouvait une prédominance de la toxicité de grade 1 dans 13 cas soit 65%. Il n’y avait aucune patiente qui présentait une toxicité sévère de grades 4 et 5. Les toxicités aiguës les plus fréquentes étaient gastro-intestinales, soit 70% des complications, suivies des complications génito-urinaires et dermiques. L’évaluation de l’efficacité du traitement nous avait permis de retrouver 80% de réponse clinique complète et 20% de réponse clinique partielle. CONCLUSION : Le boost intégré simultané est la meilleure alternative thérapeutique dans la prise en charge des cancers du col utérin localement avancés en réduisant la durée du traitement avec un bon contrôle local sans augmentation de la toxicité.
C54: Etude des facteurs associés à l’acceptabilité chez les enseignants de l’élémentaire de la vaccination des jeunes filles d’âge scolaire contre le Virus du Papillome Humain (VPH) dans le district sanitaire de Rufisque (Sénégal) en 2019
Authors: Diallo A I , Thiam M , Tine J A D , Faye A
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION : L’infection persistante par un Virus du Papillome Humain (VPH) oncogène est la principale cause de cancer du col de l’utérus (CCU). La vaccination des jeunes filles contre le VPH est une intervention à efficacité prouvée dans la lutte contre le CCU. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier les facteurs associés à l’acceptabilité de la vaccination des jeunes filles contre le VPH chez les enseignants du district sanitaire de Rufisque (Sénégal) en 2019. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique, réalisée auprès des enseignants du district sanitaire de Rufisque. L’échantillonnage a été exhaustif et un questionnaire a été auto-administrée. Une régression logistique simple sur R a permis d’identifier les facteurs associés à l’acceptabilité de la vaccination des jeunes filles contre le Virus du Papillome Humain chez les enseignants. RESULTATS : L’étude a porté sur 1.269 enseignants. Ils avaient un âge moyen de 40,1 ± 9,0 ans, étaient de sexe féminin dans 51,9% des cas et mariés dans 94,9%. La première source d’information a été la télévision (49,4%). Ils avaient entendu parler du cancer du col de l’utérus et du VPH dans respectivement 86,7% et 71,2% des cas. L’acceptabilité de la vaccination des jeunes filles d’âge scolaire était faible de 5,3% pour leurs propres filles et 9,1% pour leurs élèves. Elle été liée au sexe masculin (OR=2,29 [1.52-3,50]) et à la connaissance de facteurs de risque de CCU (OR= 3,58 [1.97-6,79]). CONCLUSION : L’étude a retrouvé une association entre l’acceptabilité de la vaccination des jeunes filles contre le VPH chez enseignants et les connaissances sur le CCU et la vaccination contre le VPH. Il serait nécessaire de former davantage les enseignants pour améliorer la couverture vaccinale des jeunes filles contre le VPH.
C55: Implémentation et réalisation de la curiethérapie à haut débit de dose (HDR) au service de Radiothérapie de l’Hôpital Dalal Jamm de Dakar
Authors: Ba M B , Diène P M , Mané M , Chemega F C A , Gueye L , Nging F , Gaye P M
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION : La curiethérapie ou brachythérapie est une technique de radiothérapie qui consiste à traiter la tumeur par une source radioactive au sein ou au contact de la tumeur à l’aide de vecteurs. On distingue la curiethérapie endocavitaire et la curiethérapie interstielle. Elle est le plus souvent combinée à une radiothérapie externe en complément de dose. L’avènement de la radiothérapie externe conformationnellle tridimensionnelle (RC3D) en 2018 au Sénégal s’est accompagné de la mise en place d’unités de curiethérapie à haut débit de dose. L’objectif de notre travail est de présenter l’unité de curiethérapie de l’Hôpital Dalal Jamm et de montrer à travers une étude dosimétrique d’un carcinome du col utérin l’apport que ce traitement apporte en termes de niveaux de dose et de respect des contraintes dosimétriques. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Le service de Radiothérapie de l’Hôpital Dalal Jamm est doté d’un scanner simulateur dédié, de deux accélérateurs linéaires de particules (LINAC) de type Elekta. Il existe pour la radiothérapie externe un système de contourage et de planification en 3D et en IMRT statique (MONACO SIM 2), et un système de numérisation des données des patients et de prescriptions médicales (MOSAIQ). L’unité de curiethérapie à haut débit de dose (HDR) dispose d’un Flexitron avec comme source le Cobalt 60 et d’un système de contourage ONCENTRA. Les applicateurs utilisés sont fonction de l’indication et nous disposons de rings et de cylindres à canaux multiples Tous les patients y bénéficient après implantation de vecteurs d’un scanner de centrage et d’une planification dosimétrique en 3D. RESULTATS : Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente de 47 ans, prise en charge pour un carcinome épidermoïde du col utérin classé IIIC1 de FIGO. Elle a bénéficié d’une radiothérapie externe à la dose de 46 Gy en 23 séances avec du cisplatine hebdomadaire puis une curiethérapie HDR en complément à la dose de 28 Gy à raison de 8 Gy par fraction et deux séances par semaine. Les applicateurs de type ring sont utilisés et un scanner de centrage est effectué après chaque application. Après le contourage des volumes cibles, la planification dosimétrique a permis de couvrir selon les critères de l’ICRU 83 le volume cible CTV HR sur la 90% avec respect des contraintes dosimétriques sur la vessie, le rectum et le sigmoïde (V2cc ≤75 Gy). Aucune toxicité aigüe n’a été notée. CONCLUSION : La curiethérapie est une technique de radiothérapie essentielle dans la prise en charge de plusieurs localisations cancéreuses. Elle apparait comme un complément nécessaire à la radiothérapie externe en permettant d’atteindre des niveaux de dose impossible à obtenir avec la radiothérapie externe seule. Ces doses élevées étant corrélés à un meilleur contrôle local et donc de survies.
C63: Biopsie échoguidée de la prostate : Indication, morbidité et résultats à l'Hôpital Général Idrissa Pouye
Authors: Ndiaye M , Jalloh M , Ndoye M , Faye ST , Kouka SCN , Seck Ndour N , Mbodji MM , Diaw EHM , Mane IL , Labou I , Niang L , Gueye SM
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION : La biopsie de la prostate guidée par l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) a une sensibilité plus élevée que la biopsie échoguidée, mais sa réalisation nécessite un matériel spécifique d'IRM interventionnelle, ce qui n'est pas disponible dans notre contexte. Par conséquent, la biopsie guidée par ultrasons reste d'un grand intérêt pour le diagnostic du cancer de la prostate. L’objectif de notre travail était d'évaluer notre pratique de la biopsie transrectale échoguidée de la prostate à l'aide d'une sonde endorectale en décrivant la technique et en évaluant la morbidité et les résultats. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive des biopsies prostatiques échoguidées réalisées sur une période de deux ans. Les paramètres étudiés étaient la fréquence de la procédure, l'âge, les résultats de l'examen rectal, le taux de PSA total. Des statistiques descriptives ont été réalisées, et la comparaison des variables qualitatives a été faite par le test du Chi-2 avec une signifiance statistique fixée à α<5%. RESULTATS : Deux cent-et-trente-et-un patients ont été inclus sur une période de deux ans. L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 65 ± 8,2 ans. Le résultat de l'examen rectal était suspect dans 36,9% des cas et le PSA total médian était de 19,8 ng/ml (0,1 – 5.936 ng/ml). L'adénocarcinome prostatique a été le plus fréquent, représentant 53,7% des résultats. Des complications ont été observées chez 16 patients (6,9 %) avec une prédominance de l'hématurie initiale. CONCLUSION : Dans notre série, le taux de détection du cancer était significatif et le taux de complications était acceptable à 6.9%.
Two Cases of Methemoglobinemia Caused by Prilocaine, A Local Anesthetic
Authors: Coskun Abuzer
Published: July 2022

In situations of methemoglobinemia, elevated amounts of methemoglobin decrease hemoglobin's ability to bind oxygen. Cases of methemoglobinemia may appear with a mild or severe presentation at emergency departments. This disorder can be inherited or acquired. In the initial phase of treatment, intravenous administration of methylene blue is preferable. This methemoglobinemia may be caused by prilocaine, one of the local anesthetics used for surgical procedures. This paper attempts to describe the examination, diagnostic, and treatment processes of two patients who presented to the emergency room with cyanosis and shortness of breath following the administration of local anesthetic. We aimed to contribute to the literature by explaining the importance of differential diagnosis, clinical findings, and treatment in methemoglobinemia.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Madrasah dan Kinerja guru terhadap Mutu Madrasah
Authors: Daheri Mirzon , Fransiska Jenny
Published: July 2022

Kepemimpinan transpormasional memberikan dampak pada mutu suatu organisasi termasuk pendidikan. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kinerja guru memilki nilai yang besar bagi mutu sekolah. Salah satuna, terlihat pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional kepala madrasah dan kinerja guru terhadap mutu madrasah di MIN 01 Dusun Curup. MIN 01 Dusun Curup Rejang Lebong ini mengalami transformasi pasca kepemimpinan kepala sekolah baru. Dari sekolah yang sepi peminat menjadi sekolah favorit yang banyak diminati. Transformasi ini menjadi sangat menarik untuk diteliti. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru yang mengajar di MIN 01 Dusun Curup yang berjumlah 20 orang. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji statistik yakni uji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas dan multikolinearitas data. Adapun metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana dan berganda sekaligus. Skor tes Kepemimpinan Transformasional nilai t hitung 3.446 dengan probabilitas = 0.009 < 0.05 artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan. Untuk variabel kinerja guru nilai t hitung 3.982 dengan probabilitas = 0.001 < 0.05 yang berarti ada pengaruh yang signifikan. Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dan Kinerja Guru secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Mutu Pendidikan di MIN 01 Dusun Curup.
Pendidikan Multikultural: Konsepsi, Urgensi dan Relevansinya dalam Manajemen Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Khoeriyah Yayah , Ruswandi Uus , Erihadiana Mohamad
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kajian terkait Pendidikan multikultural: konsepsi, urgensi, dan relevansinya dalam manajemen pendidikan islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis isi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pustaka. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa pendidikan multikultural merupakan konsep, ide, atau falsafah sebagai suatu rangkaian kepercayaan dan penjelasan yang mengakui serta menilai pentingnya keragaman budaya dan etnis dalam membentuk gaya hidup, pengalaman sosial, identitas pribadi, kesempatan-kesempatan pendidikan dari individu, kelompok, maupun negara. Pendidikan multikultural diyakini mampu menumbuh-kembangkan peserta didik menjadi pribadi yang bukan hanya bangga atas dirinya (budaya, bahasa, dan kekhususan lain yang dimilikinya), namun ia juga mampu mengakui, menerima, menghormati kekhususan yang berbeda yang dimiliki orang lain sehingga mereka hidup dalam kesejajaran. Pendidikan multikultural memiliki relasi konseptual dan relevansinya dengan perspektif agama Islam. Hal itu dapat dipahami dari Al-Qur’an yang menyebut bahwa Tuhan benar-benar telah memuliakan umat manusia. Selain itu, Tuhan juga secara jelas menegaskan bahwa “sengaja” menciptakan manusia dalam keadaan berbeda-beda, dengan maksud agar manusia saling mengenal, saling mengakui eksistensinya, dan saling menghormati.
Pengembangan Media Game Worm Fun untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Problem Solving Peserta Didik Kelas 2 di Dabin Garuda
Authors: Pratiwi Eunike Yhora , Wardani Krisma Widi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian dan pengembangan media pembelajaran berupa game worm fun dengan materi penjumlahan dan pengurangan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Soal-soal yang akan diselesaikan terkait penjumlahan dan pengurangan berkisar antara 1-50 untuk kelas 2 SD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 langkah meliputi 1) Analisis, 2) Perancangan, 3) Pengembangan, 4) Implementasi, dan 5) Evaluasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji ahli media yang menguji validitas produk. Implementasi media pembelajaran berbasis worm fun game dilakukan pada guru kelas 2 di 2 SD yang berbeda, yaitu SD Negeri 2 Klepu dan SD Negeri 3 Pingit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat validitas pengembangan produk worm fun game untuk meningkatkan media problem solving menurut 2 ahli media memiliki kategori sangat baik dengan persentase 98,2% dan 94,6%. Selanjutnya, hasil respon guru terhadap media pembelajaran game worm fun menunjukkan kategori sangat baik dengan persentase masing-masing 92,5% dan 95%. Sehingga media pembelajaran berupa game fun worm untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah materi penjumlahan dan pengurangan kelas 2 layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Pengembangan Media Powerpoint Interaktif untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Operasi Hitung Perkalian dan Pembagian Bilangan Cacah Kelas 2 SD
Authors: Emaculata Natalia Inggit , Winanto Adi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari pengembangan media Powerpoint interaktif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah operasi hitung perkalian dan pembagian bilangan cacah kelas 2 SD. Model penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Research And Development (R&D) yang dikembangkan oleh Sukmadinata. Dengan tiga tahapan yang dilakukan yaitu (1) studi pendahuluan, (2) pengembangan produk dan (3) uji validasi ahli. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas II SD Negeri Lanjan 01 Sumowono, Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Media yang yang telah dikembangkan melalui uji validasi pakar media dan uji validasi pakar materi. Hasil uji validasi pakar materi 1 memperoleh hasil 93,7% dengan kategori sangat baik dan uji validasi pakar materi 2 memperoleh hasil 97,9% dengan kategori sangat baik. Pada hasil uji validasi pakar media 1 memperoleh hasil 98,5% dengan kategori sangat baik dan uji validasi pakar media 2 memperoleh hasil 97% dengan kategori sangat baik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran powerpoint interaktif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah operasi hitung perkalian dan pembagian bilangan cacah kelas 2 SD memenuhi kelayakan sangat baik untuk diuji cobakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas.
Codon usage bias and purifying selection identified in Cirrhinus reba mitogenome
Authors: Islam Mohammad , Sultana Shirin
Published: July 2022

In our previous study, we described sequence assembly and organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba (GenBank accession no.: MN862482). In this study, our attempts were to find out any mutation or selection pressures and codon usage patterns existing in the mitogenome of the same fish. We applied bioinformatics tools to measure important gene parameters including AT/GC skewness, codon adaptation index (CAI), the effective number of codons (ENc) and GC percentages of each protein coding gene. We found an overrepresentation of A and C resulting a lower number of T and G bases, respectively, where AT-skew was slightly positive and GC-skew was slightly negative. Except for ND6, all protein coding genes (PCGs) had negative GC-skew, which indicated the higher occurrence of Cs. With reference to other two mitogenomes, the dN/dS or Ka/Ks ratios ranged from the lowest value (0.016) for ND4L to the highest value (0.694) for ND1 gene which indicated that PCGs of this fish evolved under strong purifying selection. We further analyzed the codon frequency and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) and observed a total of 3802 codons which were used for coding 20 amino acids by a standard set of 64 codons. The amino acids Leucine and Serine were encoded each by six different codons, whereas rest of the amino acids was encoded by either two or four codons. We identified a total of 25 RSCU values (> 1) and revealed 12 codons as “overpresented” that implied for codon usage bias to engage in highly expressed genes for efficient protein synthesis via translational selection. The existence of codon usage biasness rolling in translational selection and the signs of purifying selection identified in PCGs suggest obvious conservation of this threatened fish species.
Microbial protein synthesis, digestible nutrients, and gain weight of Bligon goats receiving total mixed ration based on sorghum silages (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: Suhartanto Bambang , Rahayu Eka , Umami Nafiatul , Astuti Dian
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The goal of this research was to figure out the effect of the local sorghum as silage on the performance of Bligon goats. Microbial protein synthesis, digestible nutrients, and average daily weight gain (ADWG) were measured to evaluate the goats’ performance.
Materials and Methods: The study was designed in a completely randomized design with a one-way pattern. Twelve female Bligon goats with 24.33 ± 2.83 kg (mean ± SEM) initial body weight were divided into three groups of total mixed ration (TMR) treatments. Group 1 received fresh Napier grass (FNG) as a control, group 2 received imported sorghum silage (ISS) of brown midrib resistance (BMR), and group 3 received local sorghum silage (LSS) of super-2. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data on microbial protein synthesis and feed intake during the research. On the contrary, analysis of covariance was used to analyze ADWG with initial weight as a covariate.
Results: Microbial protein synthesis, feed-intake, and ADWG of goats that received TMR based on silage of two varieties of sorghum, namely BMR (ISS) and super-2 (LSS), were lower (p < 0.05) than control. However, there was no significant difference between both TMR based on sorghum silages. ISS’s feed conversion was better than LSS (p < 0.05), and FNG was the best. Sorghum silage as a basal ration in TMR had lower microbial protein synthesis but higher total digestible nutrient content than fresh forage, such as Napier grass. The sorghum varieties did not affect the microbial protein synthesis, digestible nutrients, and ADWG of Bligon goats. However, ISS treatment had higher feed efficiency than LSS.
Conclusion: The local sorghum (super-2) silage can be used as ruminant feed as well as imported sorghum (BMR) offered as TMR. However, regardless of the cultivar, TMR based on sorghum silage cannot replace TMR based on fresh Napier grass.
Effect of aromatic oils on the expression of some virulence-associated and antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers
Authors: Hassan Walid , Salam Hala , Hassan Wafaa , Shany Salama , Osman Ghada
Published: July 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to prove the effects of Escherichia coli isolates isolated from dis¬eased broilers to form biofilms, describe their antimicrobial sensetivity, and determine the effect of allicin and cinnamon essential oils on the expression of some genes (fimH, int1, and luxS) through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR).
Materials and Methods: 140 samples were obtained from diseased broilers in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. These samples were examined by conventional bacteriology methods to detect the causative agent. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated bacteria was assessed using the disc diffusion method, The ability of yeast extract-casamino acids Congo Red Agar to generate phenotypic biofilms was next tested. The presence of resistance and virulence genes in some multidrug resistant isolates was genotypically investigated. The antibacterial effects of allicin and cinnamon oil were evaluated against the growth of multidrug-resistant E. coli. Finally, q-PCR was utilized to assess changes in some genes’ expression.
Results: Escherichia coli was isolated from 61 samples (43.6%). An antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that multidrug-resistance (MDR) (could resist more than three antimicrobial classes) E. coli prevalence was 100%. 40.8% of isolates phenotypically produce biofilms. The detection of resistance and virulence genes by PCR showed that all tested isolates carry aadB, fimH, int1, qnrS, and luxS genes, while only 40% harbor iss genes. q-PCR showed that after treatment with allicin and cinnamon oils, gene expression went down.
Conclusion: This investigation highlights that E. coli showed resistance against most of the tested antimicrobials; all isolates were MDR. The study showed wide dissemination of virulence and resistance genes among E. coli. Allicin and cinnamon oils have antimicrobial activities and could be used as alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial agents.
Dietary addition of microencapsulated turmeric in an amorphous matrix of maltodextrin on quality characteristics of broiler chicken
Authors: Febrianta Harvey , Yunianto Vitus , Nurwantoro Nurwantoro , Bintoro Valentinus
Published: July 2022

Objective: This experiment investigated the effect of microencapsulated turmeric by maltodextrin as an amorphous matrix material on the health status of broiler chickens.
Materials and Methods: The broilers used were 144 healthy 1-day-old males. The average body weight was 47.8 ± 1.42 gm. The statistical design was based on a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. There were six broiler chickens in each experimental unit. The treatments were TM0 = 0 gm/kg of basal feed, TM1 = 1 gm/kg of basal feed, TM2 = 2 gm/kg of basal feed, and TM3 = 3 gm/kg of basal feed. The growth performance, physical traits, internal organs, microbial population, intestinal morphology, hematological parameters, and anti¬oxidant profile were examined.
Results: The results reported that microencapsulated turmeric by maltodextrin as an amorphous matrix significantly improved the hematological parameters, growth performance, antioxidant profile, LAB, immune organs, and intestinal morphology. The results also show decreasing coli¬form and pH of the cecum.
Conclusions: Dietary addition of maltodextrin microencapsulated turmeric of 3 gm/kg in basal feed can be used as a natural feed additive to improve the health status of broiler chickens.
Production performance of Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) under different levels of drinking water salinity
Authors: Sulaiman Abrani , Rahmatullah Surya , Effendi Hefni , Simanungkalit Gamaliel
Published: July 2022

Objective: To examine the effects of the salinity level of drinking water on the egg production and quality of Alabio ducks.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 female Alabio ducks, aged 6 months, were subjected to this study. All ducks were kept in stage-type cages (1 m length × 1 m width × 0.5 m height), where each cage was inhabited by 4 ducks for 56 days of experimentation. All ducks were offered a mixed ration ad libitum for laying ducks, according to the nutritional requirements for egg-type ducks. The treatment in this study was drinking water with five stratified salinity levels, namely P0 = freshwater (0% salinity); P1 = water with a salinity of 0.75 practical salinity unit (PSU) (equal to 0.75 g NaCl/l); P2 = water with a salinity of 1.5 PSU (1.5 gm/l); P3 = water with a salinity of 2.5 PSU (2.5 gm/l); and P4 = water with a salinity of 3 PSU (3.0 gm/l). Observations were made on water intake, feed intake, egg production, and egg quality (egg weight, egg shape index density, shell proportion, shell thickness, yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit).
Results: The results showed that the difference in salinity levels in drinking water from 0.75 PSU to 3 PSU did not affect water intake, feed intake, egg production, or egg quality of Alabio ducks for the first 56 days of the laying period (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: It was concluded that Alabio ducks have a good tolerance for drinking water salinity of up to 3 PSU, or equal to 3 gm/l NaCl.
Determination of nutrient content, β-carotene, and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera extraction using organic solution
Authors: Haroen Ucop , Syafwan Syafwan , Kurniawan Kiki , Budiansyah Agus
Published: July 2022

Objective: The research was conducted to determine β-carotene and antioxidant activities and screening of phytochemical substances of Moringa oleifera extraction using organic solution.
Materials and Methods: 550 gm of M. oliefera leaf flour was macerated. This research was conducted by laboratory experiments using the maceration method. The extraction was performed using three kinds of solvents, which are n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol; for 3 x 24 h, they were concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Then, the flavonoid, phenolic, β-carotene isolation, and antioxidant tests were conducted using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl on each fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol).
Results: The results of weighing each concentrated extract from the maceration process of each fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) were 12.67, 35.67, and 49.29 gm, with the total phenolic content (1.4595 ± 0.361, 46.5489 ± 1.832, and 39.74574 ± 0.786) and total flavonoid content of each fraction (3.3056 ± 0.039, 58.6389 ± 2.051, and 48.9056 ± 0.0809), respectively. The antioxidant activity test on the crude extract from the ethyl acetate fractionation showed that the IC50 value was 30.309 mg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction has a high total phenolic and flavonoid content. The results of the isolation of β-carotene from M. oleifera leaf flour were 0.4798 gm, or equivalent to 0.956% carotenoids.
Conclusions: Based on the results of the research, M. oleifera leaves are identified to have a fairly high antioxidant activity, which is 30.309 mg/ml, resulting from the potential compounds in M. oleifera leaves that function as inhibitors of antioxidant activity, which are the groups of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.
Traditional farmers’ pig trait preferences and awareness levels toward reproductive biotechnology application in Zambia
Authors: Abigaba Rubaijaniza , Sianangama Pharaoh , Nyanga Progress , Mwenya Wilson , Mwaanga Edwell
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study assessed traditional farmers’ preferences for indigenous pigs and their awareness levels toward reproductive biotechnology.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study employed a mixed-methods con¬current triangulation design with a pragmatic approach. For quantitative data collection, a ran¬domly selected sample size of 622 respondents was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A semi-structured interview guide was used in seven focus group discussions (FGDs) for qualitative data. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics were used to find out how often something happened, and chi-square tests were used to look for relationships. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was used.
Results: The majority (66.9%) of respondents were female, and they had largely (64.8%) attended a primary level of education. A slight majority (43.1%) of the respondents were 30–45 years old. Most respondents (65.1%) were low-income earners (below K500). Incidentally, the majority (74.1%) of respondents had low awareness of reproductive biotechnologies. Respondents’ aware¬ness levels were associated with gender (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.01), and not age (p > 0.05). With regard to trait preference, a total of seven indigenous pig traits were reportedly preferred, of which disease resistance (25.9%) and litter size (23.8%) were the most preferred. From FGDs, participants valued indigenous pigs, citing many preferred traits, of which disease resistance and litter size were the most emphasized traits. Some participants were aware of many reproductive biotechnologies and their perceived advantages. However, they were more familiar with artificial insemination, heat detection methods, and synchronization.
Conclusions: The majority of respondents had low awareness of reproductive biotechnologies. Respondents’ awareness was associated with sociodemographic characteristics. The identified indigenous pig traits preferred by traditional farmers included adaptive and productive traits.
Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Artemisia herba-alba against the growth of piroplasm parasites
Authors: Eltaysh Rasha , Rizk Mohamed , Sayed Shimaa , Abouelnasr Khaled , Abdallah Abdelnaser , Igarashi Ikuo
Published: July 2022

Objective: The effect of Artemisia herba-alba methanolic extract monotherapy and combination therapies on the in vitro growth of several Babesia and Theileria parasites in vitro and mice was investigated in this study.
Materials and Methods: Fluorescence assay using SYBR Green I stain was used to evaluate the antibabesial efficacy inhibitory of A. herba-alba either in vitro or in vivo. Hematological parameters in the treated mice were analyzed using a Celltac MEK-6450 computerized hematology analyzer.
Results: Artemisia herba-alba reduced the growth of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens, Theileria equi, and Babesia caballi in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro inhibitory impact of A. herba-alba on B. divergens and B. caballi cultures was amplified when combined with either diminazene aceturate (DA). In B. microti-infected mice, a combination therapy consisting of A. herba-alba and a low DA dose inhibited B. microti growth significantly (p < 0.05) better than treatment with 25 mg kg−1 DA.
Conclusions: These data show that A. herba-alba, when paired with a modest DA dose, could be a promising medicinal plant for babesiosis treatment.
Morphometric parameters and food preference in relation to sex and reference hematological values for Upupa epops from Pakistan
Authors: Tahir Rida , Zafar Warda , Aslam Muhammad , Waheed Ahmad , Umar Ali , Fatima Sana , Javed Tariq , Liaqat Tabish , Ditta Allah , Ashfaq Muhammad , Zaman Muhammad , Nawaz Ali , Khan Tehmina , Wajid Muhammad , Khan Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the gut content and record morphometric and hematological parameters in the common hoopoe (Upupa epops).
Materials and Methods: Twenty samples of healthy birds (10 from each sex) were collected from different locations in Okara District, Punjab, Pakistan, from September 2020 to March 2021. Birds were captured live for blood samples and morphometric and gut analyses.
Results: It was revealed that the concentrations of different hematological parameters were as follows: hemoglobin, 20.03g/dl; red blood cells, 3.28 × 106/μl; white blood cells, 326.67 × 103/ μl; hematocrit, 56.47%; MCV, 173.33 FL; MCH, 57.4 pg; MCHC, 57.4 pg; PLT, 8.33/μl; and RDW, 8.33/μl. The percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils were 84.67%, 11.67%, 2.00%, and 1.67%, respectively. The gut content of the common hoopoe mostly consisted of Coleoptera and Acrididae larvae. However, Lepidoptera, Gryllotalpidae, and sand were also recorded, along with seeds of Salvadora persica.
Conclusions: There were no significant differences between male and female U. epops in feeding content, total weight of the gut, or weight of the empty gut. Regarding the morphometric param¬eters, there was a significant difference in both sexes’ wingspan, body length, and body weight. Males were significantly heavier than females.
Review of anthrax: A disease of farm animals
Authors: Alam Md , Kamal Md , Rahman Moizur , Kabir Aurangazeb , Islam Md , Hassan Jayedul
Published: July 2022

Anthrax is a rapidly fatal infectious disease affecting herbivores and people. In the farm ani¬mals, cattle and sheep are more susceptible, followed by goats and horses, while dwarf pigs and Algerian sheep are relatively resistant. Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, produces spores and persists for decades in the soil, initiating an outbreak through a favorable climate shift. Anthrax is enzootic in many Asian and African countries, and is reported in Australia, some parts of Europe, and America. The clinical courses of this disease in animals are peracute, acute, sub¬acute, and chronic forms. In severely infected cases, the animals are dead without premonitory clinical signs. The blood may fail to clot and can be found in the mouth, nostrils, and anus in the animals that die from anthrax. This bacterium is susceptible to many antibiotics, yet only penicillin and oxytetracycline have the most effective under field conditions. When an outbreak occurs in a defined area, it is necessary to take early steps to break the infection cycle by maintaining strict biosecurity and vaccinating uninfected animals. This disease is still a challenge to farm animal production in many countries. This review intends to give a fair knowledge of the etiology, epi¬demiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and control of this disease.
The effect of simvastatin–Acalypha indica Linn. combination on the improvement of fatty pancreas in rats induced with a high fructose and cholesterol diet
Authors: Krisnamurti Desak , Farida Siti , Putri Rizky , Fachri Wilzar , Purwaningsih Erni
Published: July 2022

Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of Acalypha indica Linn. (AI) root extract and a combination of simvastatin–AI on improving the fatty pancreas in Sprague–Dawley rats induced with a high fructose and cholesterol diet.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were induced with a high fruc¬tose and cholesterol diet for 4 weeks before being divided into four groups. Each group receiving treatments consisting of simvastatin only, A. indica extracts only, or simvastatin–A. indica extract combination. A histological examination was conducted to determine the effect of each treatment. Also, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Bonferroni test were conducted to assess the comparison of groups from the histological examination.
Results: Significant improvement was found in fatty pancreas between rats without therapy and rats treated with simvastatin therapy (p = 0.024, 95% CI: 0.038–0.696), and also between rats without treatment and rats treated with simvastatin–A. indica extract combination therapy (p = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.241–0.873) using one-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Bonferroni test.
Conclusions: The results of the combination of simvastatin–A. indica Linn. root extracts treatment showed a synergistic effect on the improvement of fatty pancreas, but further research is needed to find potential adverse effects on the interaction of these two substrates to confirm the safe use of this treatment.
Tinjauan Kelengkapan Formulir Partograf Di Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Indah Risma , Setiawan Dede , Sumarni
Published: July 2022

Partograf merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk memantau kemajuan persalinan dan membantu petugas kesehatan dalam menentukan keputusan klinik. Partograf mulai dipergunakan pada fase aktif. Informasi yang dicatat dalam partograf meliputi kondisi perinatal (denyut jantung janin, turunnya kepala selama proses persalinan) serta kondisi dan asuhan bayi baru lahir (berat badan, panjang, tindakan). Lembar partograf sebaiknya di isi secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kelengkapan formulir partograf di Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras Kabupaten Cirebon.

Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh dokumen rekam medis persalinan di Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras Kabupaten Cirebon pada bulan Januari 2020 sebanyak 549 pasien dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 85 dokumen rekam medis persalinan. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa univariat dengan persentase (distribusi frekuensi).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelengkapan formulir partograf di Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras Kabupaten Cirebon diperoleh 46 (54,1%) formulir partograf lengkap dan 39 (45,9%) formulir partograf tidak lengkap.

Diharapkan petugas rekam medis dapat lebih disiplin dalam pengisian partograf, sehingga dapat membantu tenaga kesehatan dalam pengambilan keputusan yang tepat saat menolong persalinan
Pengaruh Electronic Book Dagusibu Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Antibiotik Di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Suryaningsih Ni Putu Aryati
Published: July 2022

Dalam pelayanan kesehatan penggunaan antibiotik seringkali tidak tepat sehingga pengobatan kurang efektif, terjadi peningkatan risiko terhadap keamanan pasien, meluasnya resistensi, dan tingginya biaya pengobatan. Pada tahun 2013 kurang lebih 700.000 kematian akibat resistensi antibiotik terjadi di seluruh dunia. Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan kejadian resistensi bakteri yaitu dengan menggunakan obat antibiotik secara rasional. Penggunaan antibiotik dapat dikatakan rasional apabila dilakukan melalui gerakan DAGUSIBU yaitu dengan dapatkan, gunakan, simpan, dan buang obat dengan baik dan benar. Penelitian ini bertujuan ntuk mengetahui gambaran serta pengaruh terhadap tingkat pengetahuan tentang antibiotik sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan edukasi e-book DAGUSIBU antibiotik di Kota Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental design dengan pendekatan one pre test – post test design. Pada teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probility sampling dengan purposive sampling serta menggunakan jumlah sampel minimum sebanyak 30 sampel. Sebelum dilakukan edukasi tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat sebanyak 40% baik dan 40% kurang. Dilihat dari nilai pengetahuan saat dilakukan pre test hingga post test III terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat sesudah diberikan edukasi e-book, hal ini menyatakan bahwa adanya pengaruh edukasi e-book DAGUSIBU antibiotik. Maka perlu dilakukan edukasi (secara langsung atau tidak langsung) pada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan DAGUSIBU antibiotik dalam mencegah resistensi antibiotik.

Kata Kunci: Antibiotik, Edukasi, Pengaruh
Hubungan Kontrol Diri Dengan Kecenderungan Nomophobia Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Siswa Di SMPN 1 Kota Cirebon
Authors: Silvie Khofifah Permatasari  , Kamasturyani Yani , Nurfajriyani Ika , Andhini Citra Setyo Dwi
Published: July 2022

Kontrol diri adalah kemampuan seseorang dalam menahan atau mendorong keinginan yang akan merugikan diri sendiri atau orang lain. Ketergantungan dengan smartphone memiliki dampak buruk pada remaja salah satunya dalam mengatur dan mengontrol diri. Individu yang memiliki ketergantungan dengan smartphone disebut dengan nomophobia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kontrol diri dengan kecenderungan nomophobia selama masa pandemi COVID-19 pada siswa di SMPN 1 Kota Cirebon. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berjumlah 92 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji spearman rank. Tempat penelitian dilakukan secara daring selama bulan Mei 2021.. Hasil uji spearman rank P Value = 0,000 < α = 0,05 dan r = -0.546 < 1 maka H0 = ditolak artinya terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan negatif antara kontrol diri dengan kecenderungan nomophobia selama masa pandemi COVID-19 pada siswa di SMPN 1 Kota Cirebon. Makna hubungan negatif pada penelitian ini adalah semakin rendah kontrol diri, maka semakin tinggi kecenderungan nomophobia dan sebaliknya.