bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Education in the Transition towards Sustainable Agriculture: A Family Farm Learning Perspective
Authors: Maini Elisa , De Rosa Marcello , Vecchio Yari
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the analysis of decision-making processes at the family-farm level with reference to the transition towards sustainable agriculture. Despite literature that has underlined the relevance of education in strategic decision making, less attention has been devoted to the (family) collective decision-making process by taking into account the maximum level of education of the family members regardless of the position and whether they are the manager of the family farm or not. Therefore, this paper tries to fill a gap in literature by emphasizing the family farm’s collective decision-making process. In order to empirically measure this relevance, an econometric model was carried out that allowed us to evidence clear differences in the transition paths among various typologies of family farms on the basis of the level of education. Our results confirm the impact of education at the collective family level on transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices. This is particularly true in remote rural areas, where the transition is realized with higher intensity with respect to other territorial contexts. This brings about policy implications on enskilling farmers and upgrading their level of human capital.
Mapping Long-Term Care in Jamaica: Addressing an Ageing Population
Authors: Govia Ishtar , Robinson Janelle N. , Amour Rochelle , Stubbs Marissa , Lorenz-Dant Klara , Comas-Herrera Adelina , Knapp Martin
Published: July 2021

Jamaica’s ageing population, high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and associated functional impairments suggest the need for a sustainable long-term care (LTC) system. This paper describes the current LTC system in Jamaica. A review of empirical and grey literature on LTC was supplemented with consultations and interviews and group discussions for knowledge exchange, impact and engagement events with stakeholders being conducted as part of a project on dementia care improvement. Four key findings emerged: (1) Jamaica’s LTC system depends substantially on informal care (both unpaid and paid); (2) there is a need for strategic coordination for LTC across the state, cross-ministerial, private, and volunteer sectors; (3) compulsory insurance and social protection schemes appear to exacerbate rather than narrow socioeconomic inequalities in LTC; and (4) there is a lack of systematic LTC data gathering and related information systems in both the private and public sector—for both institutional and community-based care. For LTC in Jamaica and the broader Caribbean region to be sustainable, more evidence-informed policies and practices that address inequalities in access to services, ability to pay for care, direct support from government, and the risk of needing LTC are needed.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mobility-Related GHG Emissions of the University of Oldenburg and Proposals for Reductions
Authors: Gamba Angela , Maldonado Diana , Rowen Michael , Torio Herena
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of human life, including mobility. In a local context, the University of Oldenburg (Germany) suspended all in-person lectures and business trips in March 2020, affecting the energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the community. This paper presents the evaluation of emissions resulting from mobility associated with the University of Oldenburg before and after the COVID-19 restrictions, including commuting and business trips. Moreover, five scenarios targeting a reduction in emissions related to mobility are proposed and analyzed. The GHG emissions were calculated using specific emissions factors for each mode of transport, distance data obtained via a survey, and official university data. Overall, the results have revealed a substantial decrease in emissions in the summer semester 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated GHG emissions reduction relative to the average emissions of the prior two semesters (pre-COVID-19) is 79% for commuting (equivalent to 1934 tCO2e), and 69% for business trips (equivalent to 888.6 tCO2e). Furthermore, the commuting emissions are 1.9 times higher than business trip emissions in summer and winter 2019, and 1.3 times higher in summer 2020. With respect to proposals for reductions, the most effective scenario for reducing GHG emissions considers a hybrid semester assuming one day a week without commuting, which is estimated to achieve a 15% emissions reduction relative to the baseline emissions. The paper thus shows the importance of commuting-related GHG emissions in a university higher education context as well as first approaches to reduce them. This study may be useful as a guidance for the University of Oldenburg in its efforts to reduce GHG emissions by providing a quantitative basis and scenarios for prioritizing and reducing mobility emissions. Beyond that, it provides comparative metrics for other institutions with similar characteristics.
Dispositional Mindfulness and Injury Time Loss in Soccer
Authors: Solé Sílvia , Röthlin Philipp , Blanch Angel
Published: July 2021

Soccer injuries have a low prevalence, albeit prompting detrimental effects for individuals and teams, particularly with prolonged convalescence periods. Age and injury severity appear as the most robust correlates with recovery duration. The role of dispositional mindfulness remains unknown, however, despite considerable evidence that highlights positive effects of mindfulness on injury rehabilitation. This study sought to examine whether dispositional mindfulness explained additional variability in injury time loss in an elite sample of soccer players (N = 207). A series of moderated regression analyses examined whether dispositional mindfulness interacted with either age or injury severity in explaining the length of recovery from an injury. The main findings suggest that dispositional mindfulness was unrelated with length of recovery. In contrast, age and injury severity related robustly with the length of lesion recovery, which was even longer for the older players with very severe injuries. The current findings constitute a novelty in the study of injuries in soccer and open new research lines to determine whether mindfulness interventions are likely to contribute to shorten objective rehabilitation length for a more sustainable approach to sports injury
An Innovative Experimental Petrographic Study of Concrete Produced by Animal Bones and Human Hair Fibers
Authors: Petrounias Petros , Rogkala Aikaterini , Giannakopoulou Panagiota P. , Lampropoulou Paraskevi , Xanthopoulou Vayia , Koutsovitis Petros , Koukouzas Nikolaos , Lagogiannis Ioannis , Lykokanellos Georgios , Golfinopoulos Aristidis
Published: July 2021

The sustainable use of agricultural, industrial and human waste products as raw materials in the construction industry has been extensively investigated. This study aimed to conceive an innovative concrete composition mainly using recycled materials, which, as a result as waste from human activities and natural organic growth, such as animal bones and human hair, will be used in different mixtures in order to prepare concrete specimens. More specifically, the effect of these materials upon the final concrete strength was investigated, as well as how their petrographic characteristics may influence the durability of concrete specimens. Special emphasis was placed on the effect of the artificial increase in bone and hair microroughness and how these can improve the mechanical strength of the final product. The research results point towards the fact that the percentage of the replacement of natural aggregate rocks by animal bones tends to be enhanced by the increase in their microroughness using quartz primer. In addition, the use of bones with increased artificial microroughness and a certain percentage of human hair with increased microtopography seems to be the ideal mixture for the replacement of natural aggregates for the production of normal concrete.
Ways of Moving from Laissez-Faire to Management: An Investigation of Potential Management Strategies for Recreational Sea Angling in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Chien-Ho , Chen Chung-Ling
Published: July 2021

The objective of this paper is to identify potential management strategies pertaining to angling in Taiwan where angling is virtually devoid of management. A three-step approach is used—semi-structured interviews, modified Delphi technique, and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process—to develop an inclusive list of potential strategies and construct a three-level structure with strategies and associated weights. It is intended to inform managers of what strategies they may take if management on angling is needed. The results show that angling sites and resource use are considered relatively important dimensions in the second level. Among 13 items, safety education, the establishment of safe angling sites, information provision, angling fees, environmental education, separation of different uses, restriction on catch sale, and conservation efforts, are the top eight rankings in the third level. Management implications from the findings were discussed, with an emphasis on the priority strategies such as establishing safe angling sites and safety education. These strategies reflect the current shared societal, economic, and environmental aspirations of a wide range of stakeholders and facilitate charting the journey towards a managed angling domain.
Non-Isothermal Creeping Flows in a Pipeline Network: Existence Results
Authors: Baranovskii Evgenii S. , Provotorov Vyacheslav V. , Artemov Mikhail A. , Zhabko Alexey P.
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with a 3D mathematical model for the non-isothermal steady-state flow of an incompressible fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity in a pipeline network. Using the pressure and heat flux boundary conditions, as well as the conjugation conditions to satisfy the mass balance in interior junctions of the network, we propose the weak formulation of the nonlinear boundary value problem that arises in the framework of this model. The main result of our work is an existence theorem (in the class of weak solutions) for large data. The proof of this theorem is based on a combination of the Galerkin approximation scheme with one result from the field of topological degrees for odd mappings defined on symmetric domains.
Self-Similarity of Continuous-Spectrum Radiative Transfer in Plasmas with Highly Reflecting Walls
Authors: Kukushkin Alexander B. , Minashin Pavel V.
Published: July 2021

Radiative Transfer (RT) in a continuous spectrum in plasmas is caused by the emission and absorption of electromagnetic waves (EM) by free electrons. For a wide class of problems, the deviation of the velocity distribution function (VDF) of free electrons from the thermodynamic equilibrium, the Maxwellian VDF, can be neglected. In this case, RT in the geometric optics approximation is reduced to a single transport equation for the intensity of EM waves with source and sink functions dependent on the macroscopic parameters of the plasma (temperature and density of electrons). Integration of this equation for RT of radio-frequency EM waves in laboratory plasmas with highly reflecting metallic walls is substantially complicated by the multiple reflections which make the waves with the long free path the dominant contributors to the power balance profile. This in turn makes the RT substantially nonlocal with the spatial–spectral profile of the power balance determined by the spatial integrals of the plasma parameters. The geometric symmetry of the bounding walls, especially when enhanced by the diffuse reflectivity, provides a semi-analytic description of the RT problem. Analysis of the accuracy of such an approach reveals an approximate self-similarity of the power balance profile and the radiation intensity spectrum in both approximate and ab initio modeling. This phenomenon is shown here for a wide range of plasma parameters and wall reflectivity, including data from various numeric codes. The relationship between the revealed self-similarity and the accuracy of numeric codes is discussed.
Resummed Quantum Gravity: A Review with Applications
Authors: Ward B. F. L.
Published: July 2021

We summarize the status of the theory of resummed quantum gravity. In the context of the Planck scale cosmology formulation of Bonanno and Reuter, we review the use of our resummed quantum gravity approach to Einstein’s general theory of relativity to estimate the value of the cosmological constant as ρΛ = (0.0024 eV)4. Constraints on susy GUT models that follow from the closeness of the estimate to experiment are noted. Various consistency checks on the calculation are discussed. In particular, we use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to remove a large part of the remaining uncertainty in our estimate of ρΛ.
Research on Collaborative Order Decision-Making Method for Symmetric Participants in Complex Shipbuilding Projects
Authors: Mao Xuezhang , Li Jinghua , Yang Boxin , Guo Hui
Published: July 2021

More extensive enterprise cooperation is an effective means to increase the competitiveness of shipbuilding companies in the current distributed manufacturing environment. Most cross-enterprise collaborative processes for shipbuilding projects have been widely concerned. However, the symmetry and cooperativity among the order decision-making process is rarely involved. A key issue for decision makers is to balance the interests of each symmetric participant and realize the consistent decision-making for the order. Existing order decision-making methods in the shipbuilding industry are low efficiency. The aim of this paper is to provide an assistant decision-making method to support effective order decision-making and multi-party cooperation for the multi-wining negotiation objectives. To solve this problem, a collaborative order decision-making framework based on decision support system (DSS) and multi-agent system (MAS) theory is presented, simulating the collaborative order decision-making process, and bridging the order decision-making with production scheduling. Then, a multi-stage negotiation method is provided to solve the distributed and symmetric order decision-making problem, and an illustrative example is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the methods. Finally, an application case using a prototype system will be reported as a result.
Temporal Moduli of Non-Differentiability for Linearized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky SPDEs and Their Gradient
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Zhou Changkai
Published: July 2021

Let U=U(t,x) for (t,x)∈R+×Rd and ∂xU=∂xU(t,x) for (t,x)∈R+×R be the solution and gradient solution of the fourth order linearized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (L-KS) SPDE driven by the space-time white noise in one-to-three dimensional spaces, respectively. We use the underlying explicit kernels and symmetry analysis, yielding exact, dimension-dependent, and temporal moduli of non-differentiability for U(·,x) and ∂xU(·,x). It has been confirmed that almost all sample paths of U(·,x) and ∂xU(·,x), in time, are nowhere differentiable.
Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection
Authors: Ramsauer Anna Sophie , Wachoski-Dark Garrett Louis , Fraefel Cornel , Ackermann Mathias , Brandt Sabine , Grest Paula , Knight Cameron Greig , Favrot Claude , Tobler Kurt
Published: July 2021

There is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection is etiologically associated with the development of genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and precursor lesions in equids. However, the precise mechanisms underlying neoplastic progression remain unknown. To allow the study of EcPV2-induced carcinogenesis, we aimed to establish a primary equine cell culture model of EcPV2 infection. Three-dimensional (3D) raft cultures were generated from equine penile perilesional skin, plaques and SCCs. Using histological, molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods, rafts versus corresponding natural tissue sections were compared with regard to morphology, presence of EcPV2 DNA, presence and location of EcPV2 gene transcripts and expression of epithelial, mesenchymal and tumor/proliferation markers. Raft cultures from perilesional skin harboring only a few EcPV2-positive (EcPV2+) cells accurately recapitulated the differentiation process of normal skin, whilst rafts from EcPV2+ penile plaques were structurally organized but showed early hyperplasia. Rafts from EcPV2+ SCCs exhibited pronounced hyperplasia and marked dysplasia. Raft levels of EcPV2 oncogene transcription (E6/E7) and expression of tumor/proliferation markers p53, Ki67 and MCM7 expression positively correlated with neoplastic progression, again reflecting the natural situation. Three-dimensional raft cultures accurately reflected major features of corresponding ex vivo material, thus constituting a valuable new research model to study EcPV2-induced carcinogenesis.
The Molecular Evolution of Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses in Individuals with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Authors: Kitamura Kouichi , Shimizu Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), which prevents person-to-person transmission of poliovirus by inducing robust intestinal immunity, has been a crucial tool for global polio eradication. However, polio outbreaks, mainly caused by type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2), are increasing worldwide. Meanwhile, immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) is considered another risk factor during the final stage of global polio eradication. Patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases are associated with higher risks for long-term iVDPV infections. Although a limited number of chronic iVDPV excretors were reported, the recent identification of a chronic type 2 iVDPV (iVDPV2) excretor in the Philippines highlights the potential risk of inapparent iVDPV infection for expanding cVDPV outbreaks. Further research on the genetic characterizations and molecular evolution of iVDPV2, based on comprehensive iVDPV surveillance, will be critical for elucidating the remaining risk of iVDPV2 during the post-OPV era.
Oncolytic HSV: Underpinnings of Tumor Susceptibility
Authors: Kangas Chase , Krawczyk Eric , He Bin
Published: July 2021

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is a therapeutic modality that has seen substantial success for the treatment of cancer, though much remains to be improved. Commonly attenuated through the deletion or alteration of the γ134.5 neurovirulence gene, the basis for the success of oHSV relies in part on the malignant silencing of cellular pathways critical for limiting these viruses in healthy host tissue. However, only recently have the molecular mechanisms underlying the success of these treatments begun to emerge. Further clarification of these mechanisms can strengthen rational design approaches to develop the next generation of oHSV. Herein, we review our current understanding of the molecular basis for tumor susceptibility to γ134.5-attenuated oHSV, with particular focus on the malignant suppression of nucleic acid sensing, along with strategies meant to improve the clinical efficacy of these therapeutic viruses.
Antiviral Effect of Budesonide against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Heinen Natalie , Meister Toni Luise , Klöhn Mara , Steinmann Eike , Todt Daniel , Pfaender Stephanie
Published: July 2021

Treatment options for COVID-19, a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, are currently severely limited. Therefore, antiviral drugs that efficiently reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication or alleviate COVID-19 symptoms are urgently needed. Inhaled glucocorticoids are currently being discussed in the context of treatment for COVID-19, partly based on a previous study that reported reduced recovery times in cases of mild COVID-19 after inhalative administration of the glucocorticoid budesonide. Given various reports that describe the potential antiviral activity of glucocorticoids against respiratory viruses, we aimed to analyze a potential antiviral activity of budesonide against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants of concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta). We demonstrate a dose-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 that was comparable between all viral variants tested while cell viability remains unaffected. Our results are encouraging as they could indicate a multimodal mode of action of budesonide against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, which could contribute to an improved clinical performance.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Derived Particulate Vaccine Protects against P. aeruginosa Infection
Authors: Gonzaga Zennia Jean C. , Merakou Christina , DiGiandomenico Antonio , Priebe Gregory P. , Rehm Bernd H. A.
Published: July 2021

Despite numerous efforts to develop an effective vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, no vaccine has yet been approved for human use. This study investigates the utility of the P. aeruginosa inherently produced polyhydroxyalkanaote (PHA) inclusions and associated host–cell proteins (HCP) as a particulate vaccine platform. We further engineered PHA inclusions to display epitopes derived from the outer membrane proteins OprF/OprI/AlgE (Ag) or the type III secretion system translocator PopB. PHA and engineered PHA beads induced antigen-specific humoral, cell-mediated immune responses, anti-HCP and anti-polysaccharide Psl responses in mice. Antibodies mediated opsonophagocytic killing and serotype-independent protective immunity as shown by 100% survival upon challenge with P. aeruginosa in an acute pneumonia murine model. Vaccines were stable at 4 °C for at least one year. Overall, our data suggest that vaccination with subcellular empty PHA beads was sufficient to elicit multiple immune effectors that can prevent P. aeruginosa infection.
Modeling Water-Induced Base Particle Migration in Loaded Granular Filters Using Discrete Element Method
Authors: Zhang Gang , Israr Jahanzaib , Ma Wenguo , Wang Hongyu
Published: July 2021

Results are reported from a series of filtration tests simulated using coupled computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method (CCFD-DEM) to investigate the factors controlling the mechanism of base particle erosion and their subsequent capture in loaded granular filters. Apart from geometrical factors such as particle and void sizes, the filter effectiveness was found to be controlled by the magnitudes of the hydraulic gradients and the effective stresses. The results of numerical simulations revealed that the base soils exhibit significant stress reduction that reduces further due to seepage, and the base particles migrate into the filter, bearing very low effective stresses (i.e., localized piping in base soil). Based on the limit equilibrium of hydraulic and mechanical constraints, a linear hydromechanical model has been proposed that governs the migration and capture of base particles in the filter (i.e., filter effectiveness avoiding piping) for cases simulated in this study. Nevertheless, the proposed model agrees closely with the simulation results of this study and those adopted from other published works, thereby showing a reasonable possibility of using the proposed model as a measure of retention capacity of loaded protective filters.
Sustainable Model: Recommendations for Water Conservation Strategies in a Developing Country Through a Psychosocial Wellness Program
Authors: Aslam Sumaira , Aftab Hira , Martins José Moleiro , Mata Mário Nuno , Qureshi Hamza Ahmad , Adriano Ana Maria , Mata Pedro Neves
Published: July 2021

Human industrial activities are bringing physiochemical changes to the land, air, and seas and leading towards more uncertain climate changes, like drought, thunderstorms, and heat waves. This has resulted in water scarcity because of overexploitation of water resources. It is therefore imperative to develop effective conservation programs that consider the factors that affect the decisions of people with regard to water conservation and sustainable activities. This study considered the perspective of a developing country and explored the impact of three psychosocial factors, i.e., subjective happiness, perceived stress, and personal well-being, on individuals’ current and future intentions to conserve water. A sample of 304 respondents was collected via a self-administered questionnaire containing measures of demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and current and future water conservation behavior. The data were collected online as well as through hard copies. Correlational analysis showed that the three psychosocial factors had significant associations with both current and future intentions to conserve water. Furthermore, the effect size (f2) demonstrated that personal well-being was a significant predictor of current and future water conservation behavior. Stress, however, did not serve as a significant predictor of either current or future water conservation behavior. In contrast, subjective happiness was a significant predictor of only future water conservation behavior.
Propagation from Meteorological to Hydrological Drought and Its Influencing Factors in the Huaihe River Basin
Authors: Wang Jingshu , Wang Wen , Cheng Hui , Wang Hongjie , Zhu Ye
Published: July 2021

Understanding the propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is crucial for hydrological drought monitoring and forecasting. In this study, daily precipitation and streamflow data of 16 sub-catchments in the Huaihe River Basin from 1980 to 2014 are used to establish a framework to quantitatively reveal the propagation relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought and explore the impact of climate, catchment properties, and human activities on drought propagation. The propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought is divided into three types. Type-1 propagation indicates that one or several meteorological droughts trigger a hydrological drought. The occurrence probability of Type-1 calculated by the conditional probability on SPI and SRI series varies from 0.25 to 0.48 among all catchments. Features of Type-1 propagation can be concluded as lengthening of duration, amplification of severity, lag of onset time, and reduction of speed. Type-2 propagation indicates that a meteorological drought occurs but no hydrological drought occurs, which accounts for 63–77% of the total meteorological drought events in all catchments. Type-3 indicates that a hydrological drought occurs without a proceeding meteorological drought, which is caused mostly by human activities. The occurrence probability of Type-3 ranges from 0.31 to 0.58. Climate factors have significant effects on hydrological drought duration, while catchment properties represented by topographic index and base flow index significantly relate to hydrological drought severity, propagation time, and occurrence probability of Type-1 propagation. The ratio of crop land reflecting irrigation on hydrological drought is far less than that of topographic index, denoting that the impact of irrigation on hydrological drought is less than that of catchment properties. Reservoirs have significant effects on alleviating the duration and severity of extreme hydrological droughts, but little effects on the average duration and severity of hydrological droughts.
Silting in the Grand Canal in the Domain of Chantilly (Oise, France)—Catchment-Scale Hydrogeomorphological Reconnaissance and Local-Scale Hydro-Sedimentary Transport Modelling
Authors: Chevalier Guillaume G. , Locatelli Florent , Masson Eric , Blanpain Olivier
Published: July 2021

The domain of Chantilly (Oise, France) includes a castle and a garden, both dating from the eighteenth century, which are seen as important legacies of France’s history. Nowadays, the 2.5 km canal that runs through the domain is subject to the phenomenon of silting, leading to the accumulation of sediments within the canal linked to the proliferation of algae, which has a dissuasive effect among visitors. HEC-RAS software (Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System, US army corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C., USA) was used to model and understand sediment accumulation within the canal. This model is widely used in the literature tackling sediment transport and accumulation, and allows the forecasting of which stretches of the canal are most susceptible to sediment accumulation. The simulation results highlight an accumulation of sediment near the entrance of the Nonette stream into the canal and a propagation through the canal. The total accumulated volume assessed by the model between 2001 and 2010 equals 3901 m3, when the reconnaissance of the catchment showed the sediment was not a limiting factor. However, the volumes determined are underestimated, as matter brought by vegetation or other systems different from the river (e.g., wind, rainfall) is not considered in the calculation. The quantity of sediment is also subject to uncertainties, as the bathymetry of the canal is not available.
When a Year Is Not Enough: Further Study of the Seasonality of Planktonic Protist Communities Structure in an Ice-Free High Arctic Fjord (Adventfjorden, West Spitsbergen)
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna Maria , Wiktor Józef Maria , Wiktor Józef Mikołaj , Kristiansen Svein , Vader Anna , Gabrielsen Tove
Published: July 2021

As a contribution to understanding the ecological framework of protistan seasonal succession patterns, we present the weekly-to-monthly (January–October) light microscopy-based study of nano- and microplanktonic protist communities of Adventfjorden waters in 2013. In general, protist dynamics corresponded to the classic paradigm for the Arctic ice-free waters with extremely low abundance and diversity in winter, with the main abundance and chlorophyll-a peak in April-May, followed by a diverse but low abundant community during summer/autumn. However, the reference of the obtained data to the previously conducted year-round research in 2012 allows us to observe substantial variability in seasonal patterns between the two consecutive years. The most striking difference concerned the spring bloom composition and abundance, with clear domination of Phaeocystis pouchetii in Atlantified fjord waters in 2012 and Bacillariophyceae-dominated (mainly Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, and, in a lesser extent, also Pseudo-nitzschia seriata) bloom in 2013 when local water prevailed. On the other hand, a surprisingly high share of spring bloom taxa persisted throughout the summer/autumn of 2013 when they co-occurred with typical summer taxa (dinoflagellates and other small flagellates). Their extended growth could, at least in part, result from scarce Ciliophora throughout the season, which, in turn, can be attributed to the high grazing pressure of very numerous meroplankton and mesozooplankton. In light of this, our results may be relevant in discussions proposed for the West Spitsbergen waters link between the Atlantic water inflow and the spring bloom composition, as well as its further progression in the productive season. They also highlight the strong need for further high-resolution monitoring of annual plankton cycles and great caution when looking for phenological patterns within a single year or when interpreting short-term data.
Tomato and Watermelon Production with Mulches and Automatic Drip Irrigation in North Dakota
Authors: Vaddevolu Uday , Lester Justin , Jia Xinhua , Scherer Thomas , Lee Chiwon
Published: July 2021

In North Dakota, agriculture contributes a large sector of the state’s economy, but vegetable production is limited due to the state’s climate condition. Inadequate soil moisture and low soil temperature are the two major factors prohibiting quality produce and high-yield vegetable production. In this study, a soil-water potential, sensor-based drip irrigation system was developed, designed, and installed to evaluate its application on tomato and watermelon productions in a two-year field experiment in 2019 and 2020. The experimental treatments were drip irrigation and no irrigation under three mulches: black plastic, clear plastic, and landscape fabric mulches. Irrigation was scheduled at 8:00 am for watermelon and 9:00 a.m. for tomato, with the ability for each irrigation event to be bypassed based on the soil moisture conditions. Due to rainfall differences in the two years, irrigation was barely needed in 2019, but in 2020, drip irrigation was applied frequently. On average, for the two-years’ field experiment, the highest yield for tomatoes was obtained from drip irrigation under black plastic drip irrigation treatment with 40.24 Mg ha−1 in 2020, whereas the highest yield for watermelon was from drip irrigation under clear plastic mulch with 165.55 Mg ha−1 in 2020. The effect of mulch, irrigation, and combined practices were analyzed based on the average fruit weight and diameter, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and sugar content of the samples. The results showed that for watermelon, the average weight and diameter were significantly heavier and higher with irrigation treatments, but the EC and the pH values were significantly higher with mulch treatments. For tomatoes, the average weight, diameter, pH, and sugar content were all significantly higher with mulch treatment, but the EC was higher with irrigation treatment.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Xinzhou Basin, Shanxi, North China
Authors: Shuai Guanyin , Shao Jingli , Cui Yali , Zhang Qiulan , Guo Yuntong
Published: July 2021

The hydrochemistry and quality of local shallow groundwater was assessed within the Xinzhou basin in Shanxi, North China. Piper diagrams, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, chloro-alkaline indices, ion proportion diagrams, and Gibbs diagrams were used to reveal the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution mechanisms of groundwater. Besides, two indicators of sodium adsorption ratio and soluble sodium percentage, USSL and Wilcox diagrams, and water quality index models were used to evaluate the groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking. In general, groundwater in most areas of the basin is fresh water with total dissolved solid lower than 1000 mg/L. But there are salt water in some parts of the southern basin, with total dissolved solid higher than 1000 mg/L, due to industrial and domestic pollution. The hydrochemical facies of groundwater in most areas are HCO3-Ca and mixed HCO3-Ca·Mg·Na types, while it is HCO3·SO4·Cl-Na type in a small part of the basin. Nitrate pollution widely occurred in the basin because of the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. The dominant mechanism controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry compositions was the weathering of rock minerals. It mainly reflected in the dissolution of carbonate minerals. And the carbonate dissolution is the major origins of HCO3−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in groundwater. However, Na-Ca exchange is the important source of Na+. Shallow groundwater was suitable for irrigation and drinking except for some southern parts of the basin. These results will be helpful for the protection and efficient management of groundwater in the Xinzhou basin.
Legal consequences of liquidation of a structural division: theory and practice
Authors: Mironov V. I. , Barbashova T. P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: the article deals with theoretical and practical issues that arise during the liquidation of a structural division. The authors conclude that there is a gap between the theory and practice of applying the rules of labor law, which the employee cannot overcome.
How to Prove the Presence of Property Damage Caused by the Employee by Means of an Inventory
Authors: Zhizherina Yu. Yu.
Published: July 2021

Consider how to properly carry out an inventory in accordance with current law and how an inventory should be carried out so that documents drawn up during it become irrefutable evidence of the employee 's guilt in causing material damage to the employer.
Depresión, ansiedad y estrés de universitarios en tiempos de COVID-19: Uso de escala DASS-21.
Authors: Soto Rodríguez Ivan , Zuñiga Blanco Arturo
Published: July 2021

El propósito de la investigación fue determinar los grados de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes de los primeros ciclos de estudio en su paso por la Universidad Agraria la Molina-Perú. El tamaño de muestra fue de 462 universitarios que iniciaban el semestre académico en el mes de julio después de un pare de 5 meses, esto para la adaptación del dictado de las clases a una modalidad virtual, lo cual creemos firmemente generó síntomas emocionales en los estudiantes. Concluyendo que los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés de los jóvenes universitarios en situación crítica de pandemia por el COVID-19 es de 66%, 64,1% y 61,9% respectivamente. Además, existe asociación significativa entre la ansiedad y el sexo del estudiante; finalmente se afirmó que la situación de la pandemia afectó a los jóvenes universitarios en sus emociones y en mayor medida a las estudiantes del sexo femenino, causando estragos en su salud mental. Asimismo se logró confirmar con la alta consistencia interna de la escala DASS-21.
El Impacto del COVID en los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Soto Rodríguez Ivan , Coaquira Nina Frida Rosa
Published: July 2021

En esta investigación se buscó evaluar el impacto de COVID-19 en aspectos en la vida estudiantil de los estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), en el semestre 2020-I.  Los Aspectos que fueron analizados son: los aspectos Psicológicos, el aspecto de conectividad y virtualidad y por último el aspecto económico. En el estudio se planteó un cuestionario, el cual fue aplicado en forma virtual a una muestra de los estudiantes.

En la investigacion se presentan resultados aplicados con Dass 21; y de las preguntas realizadas en relacion a la situación de conectividad disponible en sus entornos, también la situación económica familiar, se incluyó el análisis y las conclusiones a las que se llegaron, mostrando así: como afectó la Covid-19 en el aspecto psicológico de los estudiantes, como afectó a la economía familiar y las condiciones de conectividad en medio de una pandemia que no estaba prevista y que obligó a la población a adecuarse según sus posibilidades.
Metodología de la investigación científica (MIC) en la educación básica regular. El caso peruano
Authors: Nolazco Labajos Fernando Alexis
Published: July 2021

El presente estudio realizado sobre la enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación científica en la educación básica regular y en la Región Callao, tuvo como propósito analizar y describir la relevancia que conlleva el manejo adecuado de esta materia de investigación en los estudiantes, así como las diversas estrategias didácticas de este amplio campo científico que se aplica en la actualidad en el nivel superior, pero que son indispensables en cualquier nivel o modalidad educativa. La investigación se direccionó a la revaloración de los semilleros de investigación como espacios pertinentes de fomento de una cultura investigativa en estudiantes de educación secundaria en el contexto nacional. Asimismo, se utilizó el estudio de casos y se tomó como modelo un colegio importante y representativo de la Región Callao donde se desarrolla como propuesta curricular innovadora la materia de Metodología de la Investigación Científica (MIC) en los grados de cuarto y quinto de secundaria, independiente del área de Ciencia y Tecnología con un propósito a mediano plazo de formar noveles investigadores conocedores de aspectos teóricos, metodológicos y epistemológicos de la investigación. El estudio concluyó que la enseñanza de investigación en estudiantes de secundaria es indispensable en la formación integral y en el desarrollo de aprendizajes relacionados con búsqueda de información (heurística), análisis e interpretación de información relevante (hermenéutica) para la elaboración de propuestas de investigación innovadoras desde la educación básica regular.
The Uncertainty Factor in the Market Economic System: The Microeconomic Aspect of Sustainable Development
Authors: Dźwigoł Henryk
Published: July 2021

Opportunities for sustainable development of the business entity largely depend on the uncertainty factor, which, in particular, is expressed in the asymmetry of information. Due to the influence of this factor, forecasting the efficiency of enterprises becomes a difficult task. Every company must meet the requirements of modern reality and be open to new solutions. The purpose of this study is a microeconomic analysis of factors that affect the sustainable development of enterprises. The uncertainty condition is considered as an integral element of the modern concept of company management. Based on the analysis of the literature, personal observation and interviews with managers, the guidelines for building a modern microeconomic model of a market economy were identified, which can further become the basis for creating new organizational management models.
Um ponto cego no projeto moderno de Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Fiori Arantes Otília Beatriz , Arantes Paulo Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Redigido em 1990, o  presente escrito é uma versão ampliada a quatro mãos de um estudo original de Otília Arantes, apresentado com o mesmo título no Simpósio Internacional “Brasil Século XXI”, em novembro de 1988, na Unicamp. As datas importam também por remeter a todo um debate transcorrido ao longo dos anos 80 sobre a flagrante incongruência da exceção aberta por Jürgen Habermas ao Movimento Moderno, no mesmo momento em que o filósofo declarava obsoleto o paradigma da produção, chancelando a tremenda reestruturação produtiva que estava mudando para pior a cara do capitalismo. Fica ainda mais incompreensível a operação de salvamento preconizada por Habermas, sabendo-se que o Movimento da Arquitetura Moderna nada mais era do que a mais abrangente e acabada personificação da Utopia Técnica do Trabalho e da civilização estético-maquinista do século XX. Ignorando os ímpetos sistêmicos de todo aqueles impulsos que tornavam funcional a utopia de fundir num só bloco o viés estético do Construtivismo às mais elementares finalidades sociais, Habermas foi multiplicando distinções categoriais ad hoc enquanto descrevia o esgotamento do Estado Social, do qual justamente a Ideologia do Plano era mais do que fachada legitimadora, na verdade coluna de sustentação de qualquer iniciativa urbanística. A tentativa de identificação das razões de tamanho disparate histórico foi sem dúvida o disparador do presente estudo acerca do envelhecimento estrutural do Movimento Moderno. O desencaixe que Habermas não viu, ou por outra, a funcionalização integral que lhe escapou e converteu em apologia cega, saltava aos olhos, era a evidência mesma, para qualquer um, armado pelo espírito crítico local, que se dispusesse a examinar as razões da involução formalista, entre outras anomalias, inerentes ao arco completo cumprido pelo Movimento Moderno, que a verdade daquele triunfo internacional foi aos poucos desnudando.
 
Palavras-chave: Habermas, Modernidade, Projeto Moderno, Movimento Moderno, Pós-modernismo, Ideologia, Arquitetura, Nova Construção, Urbanismo, Plano, Utopia, Trabalho, Ação Comunicativa, Linguistic Turn, Iluminismo, Razão, Teoria Crítica, Welfare, Brasil, Brasília, Adorno, Benjamin, Wellmer, Peter Bürger.
Tejágazati helyzetkép
Authors: Szenderák János , Harangi-Rákos Mónik
Published: July 2021

A növekvő egy háztartásra jutó jövedelmek a fogyasztás mennyiségének és szerkezetének változását idézik elő. Az étrendi változások szoros összefüggést mutatnak a gyorsan lezajló urbanizációval. A városba költözés gyakran az életszínvonal emelkedésével jár, amely egyúttal a mezőgazdasági munkaerő eltűnését is eredményezheti. Napjainkban a teljes lakosság több mint fele él városi környezetben, de 2050-re ez az arány a 70%-ot is elérheti (FAO, 2011). Az élelmiszerfogyasztás szerkezeti változásában a tejnek és tejtermékeknek kitüntetett szerepe van. A magasabb hozzáadott értékű termékek fogyasztása során elsődlegesen húsfélékre illetve tejre és tejtermékekre váltanak az addig főként növényi alapú étrendet fogyasztó egyének. Az élelmiszerek kínálati oldalát befolyásolják a váratlan időjárási sokkok, amelyek komoly terméskiesést okozhatnak rövidtávon, így kínálati sokként hozzájárulhatnak az élelmiszerárak volatilitásának növekedéséhez. Az utóbbi években a termelés és a fogyasztás közötti rés nem tágult, így csökkent az élelmiszerár és élelmiszerárindex egyaránt, de az élelmiszerárak ingadozása magasabb lett (FAO, 2017). 1960-2010 között a népesség 230%-kal emelkedett, míg a húsfogyasztás 450%-kal, 65 millió tonnáról 290 millió tonnára bővült (OECD – FAO, 2017). Miközben az EU hústermelése várhatóan nem fog nagyobb mértékben változni, és a húsexport is csak kiebb mértékben emelkedik, addig az EU évi tejtermelése folyamatosan, közel 1%-kal bővül és részesedése a nemzetközi kereskedelembe kerülő tejtermékekből nő a jövőben. A tanulmány célja egy általános tejpiaci helyzetkép felállítása volt. Az elmúlt évek áttekintéséből és a jelenlegi helyzetből kitűnik, hogy a tejágazat jól kivehető irányba haladt az elmúlt időszakban. Az ágazatot gyakorlatilag tisztán a fogyasztói kereslet vezérli, az egyéni szereplők önköltsége nem játszik szerepet a piac árazási mechanizmusában. Ezt tovább fokozza a feldolgozói és kereskedői szegmens magas koncentrációja és erős alkupozíciója. A magasabb piaci integráció lehetőséget biztosít az új típusú exportlehetőségekre, de egyúttal erősebb versenyt is kreál. A jövőben várható a piac további koncentrációja és a verseny erősödése, így az egyéni versenyképesség és az összefogás mértéke határozza majd meg a piaci pozíciókat.
DELAY PREDICTION IN IOT AND TACTILE INTERNET USING MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: АБДЕЛЛАХ А.Р. , МАХМУД О.А. , ПАРАМОНОВ А.И. , КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ А.Е.
Published: July 2021

Предложены методы прогнозирования задержки в сетях интернета вещей и тактильного интернета при прогнозировании вперед на несколько шагов MSP (Multi-step ahead Prediction) и один шаг SSP (Single-step ahead Prediction). Использованы нелинейные авторегресионные рекуррентные нейронные сети с внешними входами NARX(NonlinearAutoregressive with Exogenous inputs) для временных рядов. Проведена оценка точности прогнозирования с помощью трех алгоритмов обучения нейронной сети (Trainlm, Traincgf, Trainrp) при использовании в качестве оценок точности прогнозирования среднеквадратичной ошибки RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) и средней абсолютной ошибки в процентах MAPE(Mean Absolute Percent Error).

In this paper, we perform the delay prediction in IoT and tactile Internet communication networks using a multistep ahead prediction (MSP) and single-step ahead prediction (SSP) with Time Series NARX (Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous inputs) Recurrent Neural Networks. The prediction accuracy has been evaluated using three neural network training algorithms (Trainlm, Traincgf, Trainrp) using the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percent Error) as predictive accuracy measure.
Los inicios de las profesiones del cuidado en Colombia a principios del siglo XX: enfermería y servicio social
Authors: Castro Carvajal Beatriz
Published: July 2021

El artículo presenta y analiza los inicios de los procesos de profesionalización de la enfermería y el servicio social en Colombia a principios del siglo XX, las principales profesiones del cuidado, en sus comienzos femeninas por excelencia, y que corresponden a nuevas necesidades del ámbito de la asistencia social. Sin embargo, los procesos de profesionalización fueron diferentes. La enfermería corresponde a la estrategia de ayuda institucional del Estado colombiano, y por lo tanto, fue parte de las políticas de asistencia social. El servicio social corresponde a las estrategias de ayuda domiciliaria debido a las preocupaciones sociales, iniciativa en la que no intervino el Estado colombiano, y que fue liderada por instituciones privadas de asistencia social, donde participaron hombres y mujeres profesionales, algunos de forma voluntaria.