bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A statistical experimental design approach for mineralization and detoxification of diethyl phthalate by H2O2/UV-C process
Authors: Olmez-Hanci T. , Kabdaşlı I. , Tünay O. , Ecer Ç. , Aydın B.
Published: October 2013

In the present study, a three-factor central composite design (CCD) was implemented to evaluate the major factors (treatment time, initial H2O2 dose and initial diethyl phthalate (DEP) concentration) influencing the H2O2/UV-C treatment of aqueous DEP solution. Significant regression models for total organic carbon (TOC) removal and residual H2O2 concentration were derived using analysis of variance (ANOVA), which were found to be adequate to perform the process variables optimization. According to the applied ANOVA, treatment time (positive effect) and initial H2O2 dose (negative effect after an optimum value) were found to be significant on the H2O2/UV-C process performance. TOC removal efficiencies were enhanced with increasing initial H2O2 dose up to an optimum value, and further increases in H2O2 dose resulted in a decrease in TOC removals due to the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect. When initial H2O2 dose increased from 10 to 30 mM, the TOC removal efficiency improved from 41 to 100% for DEPo of 100 mg/L for treatment time of 50 min. Further increase in initial H2O2 dose to 50 mM decreased the TOC removal efficiency down to 38%. The results of toxicity assessments with Vibrio fischeri on aqueous DEP solutions subjected to H2O2/UV-C treatment revealed complete detoxification at the optimum conditions.
Effects of a saturated layer and recirculation on nitrogen treatment performances of a single stage Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW)
Authors: Prigent S. , Paing J. , Andres Y. , Chazarenc F.
Published: October 2013

Upgrades to enhance nitrogen removal were tested in a 2 year old pilot vertical flow constructed wetland in spring and summer periods. The effects of a saturated layer and of recirculation were tested in particular. Two pilots (L = 2 m, W = 1.25 m, H = 1.2 m), filled with expanded schist (Mayennite®), were designed with hydraulic saturated layers of 20 and 40 cm at the bottom. Each pilot was fed with raw domestic wastewater under field conditions according to a hydraulic load of 15–38 cm d−1 (i.e. 158–401 g COD (chemical oxygen demand) m−2 d−1) and to recirculation rates ranging from 0% up to 150%. The initial load during the first 2 years of operation resulted in an incomplete mineralized accumulated sludge leading to total suspended solids (TSS), COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) release. A 40 cm hydraulic saturated layer enabled an increase of 5–10% total nitrogen (TN) removal compared to a 20 cm saturated layer. Recirculation allowed the dilution of raw wastewater and enhanced nitrification in a single stage. A design of 1.8 m² pe−1 (48 cm d−1, 191 g COD m−2 d−1) with a 40 cm saturated layer and 100% recirculation enabled the French standard D4 (35 mg TSS L−1, 125 mg COD L−1, 25 mg BOD5 L−1), nitrogen concentrations below 20 mg TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen) L−1 and 50 mg TN L−1, to be met.
Experimental analysis of green roof substrate detention characteristics
Authors: Yio Marcus H. N. , Stovin Virginia , Werdin Jörg , Vesuviano Gianni
Published: October 2013

Green roofs may make an important contribution to urban stormwater management. Rainfall-runoff models are required to evaluate green roof responses to specific rainfall inputs. The roof's hydrological response is a function of its configuration, with the substrate – or growing media – providing both retention and detention of rainfall. The objective of the research described here is to quantify the detention effects due to green roof substrates, and to propose a suitable hydrological modelling approach. Laboratory results from experimental detention tests on green roof substrates are presented. It is shown that detention increases with substrate depth and as a result of increasing substrate organic content. Model structures based on reservoir routing are evaluated, and it is found that a one-parameter reservoir routing model coupled with a parameter that describes the delay to start of runoff best fits the observed data. Preliminary findings support the hypothesis that the reservoir routing parameter values can be defined from the substrate's physical characteristics.
Pulsed corona discharge: the role of ozone and hydroxyl radical in aqueous pollutants oxidation
Authors: Preis S. , Panorel I. C. , Kornev I. , Hatakka H. , Kallas J.
Published: October 2013

Ozone and hydroxyl radical are the most active oxidizing species in water treated with gas-phase pulsed corona discharge (PCD). The ratio of the species dependent on the gas phase composition and treated water contact surface was the objective for the experimental research undertaken for aqueous phenol (fast reaction) and oxalic acid (slow reaction) solutions. The experiments were carried out in the reactor, where aqueous solutions showered between electrodes were treated with 100-ns pulses of 20 kV voltage and 400 A current amplitude. The role of ozone increased with increasing oxygen concentration and the oxidation reaction rate. The PCD treatment showed energy efficiency surpassing that of conventional ozonation.
Organics removal and protein recovery from wastewater discharged during the production of chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Sheng Yanqing , Xing Li
Published: October 2013

Bentonite, chitosan and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were applied to treat wastewater discharged during the production of chondroitin sulfate and recover protein dissolved in the wastewater. The results showed that the combination of pH 9.00, 3–4 mL chitosan solution, 2 g of bentonite and 5 mL of 8% PAC solution per 100 mL of wastewater with a 4.0 h flocculation time were the optimal conditions for the recovery of protein and removal of total organic carbon (TOC) from wastewater. A pilot-scale test also was conducted, and 130 kg (dry weight) of sediment was obtained from 1.1 m3 of discharged wastewater. This sediment contained abundant amino acids (proteins comprised 61% of the total sediment), after the recovery of protein, the dissolved TOC concentration in wastewater was decreased by approximately 80% and the residual wastewater could be readily disposed using a traditional activated sludge process.
Selecting Design Objectives for an Integrated Guidance System of a
Commercial Launch Vehicle with Application of GPS Technologies
Authors: Zosimovych Nickolay
Published: October 2013

In this article have been proposed the design objectives for an integrated guidance system of a
commercial launch vehicle with application of GPS technologies and has been set a technical problem of the
conceptual design of an integrated navigation system for the space launch vehicle qualified to inject small artificial
Earth satellites into low and medium circular orbits. The conceptual design of the integrated navigation system
based on GPS technology involves determination of its structure, models and algorithms, providing the
required accuracy and reliability in injecting payloads with due regard to restrictions on weight and
dimensions of the system.
Analysis of Groundwater Quality Behavior Based on a Statistical Approach: Case Study of Khan Yunis Governorate (Palestine)
Authors: Alagha Jawad S. , Said Md Azlin Md. , Mogheir Yunes. , Abdullah Rozi bin.
Published: October 2013

Correlation matrix, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were used to improve understanding of complex groundwater systems using scant monitoring data. The applicability of these statistical techniques was assessed using groundwater monitoring data from the Gaza Coastal Aquifer (GCA), which is complex and highly heterogeneous. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis results identified two groundwater contamination patterns, (1) salinization, and (2) interaction between anthropogenic and natural (mineralization) processes. Cluster analysis grouped the study wells into three clusters of similar water quality trends. Analysis of the spatiotemporal trends of chloride and nitrate, the most important groundwater quality parameters, were also performed. This study demonstrates the reliability of these statistical techniques in capturing a basic yet comprehensive view of groundwater quality trends and their influencing variables, and which can subsequently form the basis for groundwater management schemes.
Risk Exposure to Agents Causing Waterborne Diseases in the El Ahogado Basin, Mexico
Authors: Reynaga‐Delgado Eire , Gómez‐Salazar Sergio , Ascencio‐Valle Felipe , Rodriguez‐Estrella Ricardo , Celis Alfredo , Villarruel‐López Angélica
Published: October 2013

The risk exposure to agents causing waterborne diseases (WBD), such as bacteria, parasites, and metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, and Pb) in a group of volunteers (n = 20) and an external group of three locations of the El Ahogado Basin, Mexico, is reported. A complete blood count (CBC) was made on the volunteers, and factor analysis was used for the CBC. Bacteria and parasitological agents were also monitored at the six sites of the El Ahogado Basin between 2008 and 2010. The measured blood concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Pb were 37.1, 4.6, and 7.1 μg/g, indicating the lowest exposure of volunteers to Mn and Pb and the highest exposure to Cu. The volunteer groups of the El Ahogado Basin are more exposed to agents causing WBD compared to the volunteers of the external group.
Attenuation of Bacteria at a Riverbank Filtration Site in Rural India
Authors: Cady P. , Boving T. B. , Choudri B. S. , Cording A. , Patil K. , Reddy V.
Published: October 2013

A riverbank filtration (RBF) system was installed in a rural village near the Kali River in southwestern India to evaluate its performance in attenuating total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli loads in a monsoon‐dominated climate in a developing country. A statistical analysis showed that RBF water was of higher microbial quality than other water sources in the study area. Based on the geometric mean of the data from the primary RBF well (MW3), the percent removal compared to the Kali River was 95.1% for total coliforms and 99.2% for E. coli. The maximum percent removals were 99.8% for total coliforms and 99.96% for E. coli. Bacteria concentrations were lower during the dry season than during the monsoon season when contaminants apparently infiltrated into the subsurface. The geometric mean of the annual removal efficiency translates to an approximately 1‐log unit removal of E. coli per 26 m (≈75 ft) setback distance from the river. During the 1‐year monitoring period, Indian water quality standards for total coliform bacteria were regularly exceeded, whereas E. coli standards were met for 29% of the dry season but only 7% of the monsoon season. The consistent problem of attaining local regulatory limits for bacteria show that, at this study site, (1) RBF needs to be considered a pre‐treatment method and, (2) should be combined with conventional disinfection technology. Finally, although the bacteria data confirms that the setback distance of a RBF well from a river is an important factor determining the water quality, local conditions, such as influence of flood‐irrigation of nearby rice paddies, presence of freely‐roaming cattle and latrines, and outside defecation by residents, must be considered when establishing a RBF system in a monsoon climate in a developing country.
Vermifiltration Ecological Treatment for the Re‐Use of Food Waste Digestate
Authors: Lin Hui , Diemont Stewart A. W. , Toland Timothy , Tao Wendong , Daley Douglas , Johnson David L.
Published: October 2013

A vermifiltration ecological treatment system (VETS) was developed to treat bio‐digested food waste and create nitrate‐rich fertilizer. Conventional processes to treat digester effluent are typically not designed for value‐added products from the treatment process. This research is the first documented example of an ecological treatment system (ETS) used for digester waste. Experiments were conducted at three different inflow rates. Removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N), carbonaceous biochemical oxygen (CBOD5), and total suspended solids (TSS) were consistently larger than 90%; NOx−‐N displayed large increases in the system. With increased flow rates, NH4+‐N, NOx−‐N and orthophosphate phosphorus (ortho‐PO43−‐P) concentration in the effluent also increased, but TSS and CBOD5 concentrations in the effluent did not change. Used as the first unit process in the system, vermifiltration showed high efficiency in NH4+‐N and CBOD5 reduction. Design formulas were developed using literature in combination with this study to facilitate design of ETSs.
How Do Contaminated Reservoir Bottom Sediments Affect Water Quality? An Assessment Using SWIM Model
Authors: Elçi Şebnem , Şimşek Sinem Elif
Published: October 2013

In this study, an approach for the assessment of long term effects of contaminated sediments on the surface water quality of a future reservoir is presented. A one‐dimensional sediment‐water interaction model designed to simulate contaminants associated with the sediments, and the transfer of these contaminants to the overlying water column, was developed. The effect of contaminated bottom sediments on water quality was investigated under different stratification conditions. The numerical model was applied to an existing reservoir (Tahtalı Reservoir) for validation and projected contaminant concentrations based on the soil and water samples collected before inundation of the land. Results were compared with the concentrations obtained from water samples collected during its operation. Next, transfer to a planned reservoir (Çamlı Basin, Izmir) of four heavy metals—copper, zinc, chromium, and lead—existing in bottom sediments of the planned reservoir is modeled. A ten year projection of heavy metal concentrations for the Çamlı Reservoir showed concentrations to be higher than those acceptable by the World Health Organization (WHO). Construction of a treatment facility is recommended if the reservoir is to be utilized for providing domestic water.
Remobilization of Phosphorus from Sediments of Taihu Lake during Periods of Simulated Resuspension
Authors: Wang Peng. , Shen Xia. , Wang Shengyan. , Hao Shaopan.
Published: October 2013

A particle entrainment simulator was used to experimentally produce representative lake resuspension conditions and to investigate the resulting transport of phosphorus to the overlying water column. Five sediment samples were collected from Taihu Lake in China, which has experienced significant eutrophication in recent years. From these experiments, suspended particulate matter concentrations at a steady‐state were calculated quantitatively as a function of shear stress. Soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations demonstrated significant differences depending on applied shears and contaminant loadings. Resuspension resulted in up to orders of magnitude higher particle‐bound algal available phosphorus (AAP) concentrations in the water column. On mass–weight basis, AAP concentrations decreased with shear stress. The same trend was observed for partition coefficients (Kd). However, AAP concentrations normalized for volume increased about 19 times. This was likely a result of entrainment of larger size, lower contaminated particles at higher shears, and the redistribution of phosphorus to water column.
How Effective are Pedagogical Agents for Learning? A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Schroeder Noah L. , Adesope Olusola O. , Gilbert Rachel Barouch
Published: October 2013

Research on the use of software programs and tools such as pedagogical agents has peaked over the last decade. Pedagogical agents are on-screen characters that facilitate instruction. This meta-analysis examined the effect of using pedagogical agents on learning by reviewing 43 studies involving 3,088 participants. Analysis of the results indicated that pedagogical agents produced a small but significant effect on learning. The overall mean effect size was moderated by the contextual and methodological features of the studies. The findings revealed that the use of pedagogical agents were more beneficial for K-12 students than post-secondary students. Pedagogical agents that communicated with students using on-screen text facilitated learning more effectively than agents that communicated using narration. The findings of this study have implications for advancing theory and practice, as well as highlighting productive future directions for research.
Analysis of Learning Behavior in Problem-Solving-Based and Project-Based Discussion Activities within the Seamless Online Learning Integrated Discussion (SOLID) System
Authors: Wu Sheng-Yi , Hou Huei-Tse , Hwang Wu-Yuin , Liu Eric Zhi-Feng
Published: October 2013

Both asynchronous and synchronous discussions have advantages and limitations for online learning. This study conducts an empirical analysis of these discussion activities while applying the proposed Seamless Online Learning Integrated Discussion (SOLID) system, which can instantly integrate Facebook's asynchronous discussion function with the MSN Messenger's synchronous discussion function. This study examines two teaching activities (a problem-solving-based activity and a project-based discussion activity) within the SOLID system and compares their differences in knowledge construction phases and cognitive dimensions via a quantitative content analysis and lag sequential analysis. The results show that both cognitive and knowledge construction dimensions exhibit a higher diversity of interaction in the project-based activity than in the problem-solving-based activity. In addition, based on the results of the research, this study offers, as reference, recommendations to instructors and researchers for the implementation of online discussion activities.
Assessing Historical Archaeology Site Significance in Cultural Resource Management
Authors: Groover Mark D.
Published: October 2013

Archaeologists conducting cultural resource management studies are often confronted with unique challenges in assessing the significance of historic archaeological sites. Archaeological sites dating to the recent past, due to temporal bias, are sometimes casually dismissed as possessing limited research significance or information value. Further, without the benefit of detailed documentary context, the significance of a site might be overlooked during significance evaluation. In the following article, suggestions are offered for assessing the significance of historical archaeology sites encountered during cultural resource management studies.
Perceived Stress, Stressors, and Mental Distress Among Doctor of Pharmacy Students
Authors: Geslani Gemma P. , Gaebelein Claude J.
Published: October 2013

We conducted an online survey to assess stress levels, stressors, coping strategies, and mental distress among first year professional Doctor of Pharmacy students at St. Louis College of Pharmacy. We used the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10) to measure perceived stress and the Health-related
Quality of Life Scale (HRQOL-14) to assess physical and mental health. Self-reported stress levels among our respondents were elevated, significantly higher than among other populations as reported in previous studies, and exceeded the threshold benchmarked as being unhealthy. Mental health
scores were negatively correlated with stress levels, exceeded the threshold for frequent mental distress, and were significantly higher than in comparison groups as reported in previous studies. Examinations were ranked the most stressful events and spending time with family ranked as the
most effective stress reliever. Further specific investigation is needed to identify probable contributors to distress and to solicit recommendations to help students alleviate their stress and strengthen their mental health.
Negative Cognitive Style as a Mediator Between Self-Compassion and Hopelessness Depression
Authors: Zhou Lihua , Chen Jian , Liu Xiaoqun , Lu Dali , Su Linyan
Published: October 2013

We examined the relationship between self-compassion and hopelessness depression. The participants were 418 students at a technology college in Hunan, China, who completed questionnaires to measure self-compassion, hopelessness depression, and negative cognitive style. The results showed
that self-compassion was negatively associated with both hopelessness depression and negative cognitive style, and negative cognitive style emerged as a significant mediator in the relationship between self-compassion and hopelessness depression. The results suggest that self-compassion had
buffering effects on hopelessness depression through its positive effects on negative cognitive style. The findings in the present study can help expand current understanding of self-compassion and hopelessness depression.
Personality, Motivation, and Behavioral Intentions in the Experiential Consumption of Artworks
Authors: Tao Sheng-Ping
Published: October 2013

The purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between personality, motivation, experience, and behavioral intentions in an artwork consumption setting. A survey of 383 consumers of Franz artworks was conducted using surveys developed through an interview. The results showed
that personality directly and significantly influenced motivation and behavioral intentions, but it did not affect experience. Moreover, motivation directly and significantly affected experience, but it did not significantly drive the behavioral intentions. The findings revealed that the personality
of arts consumers explains a substantial proportion of total variance in behavioral intentions, given that personality has not only a direct effect, but also an indirect effect via motivation and, in turn, experience. Both motivation and experience play crucial mediator roles for personality.
The Association Between the Perceived Coach–Athlete Relationship and Athletes' Basic Psychological Needs
Authors: Choi Hunhyuk , Cho Seongkwan , Huh Jinyoung
Published: October 2013

In this study we investigated the association between the perceived coach–athlete relationship and athletes' 3 basic psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Participants were 328 Korean collegiate athletes from various sports. The study results showed that,
overall, the perceived coach–athlete relationship was related to the athletes' basic psychological needs. Specifically, commitment and closeness were significantly correlated with competence and autonomy, whereas complementarity was significantly correlated with competence and relatedness.
Efficient digital filters with variable cut-off based on all-pass and sharpening digital filters
Authors: Lutovac Maja , Pavlovic Vlastimir , Lutovac Miroslav
Published: October 2013

All-pass digital filters are known as excellent prototype filters in many
applications, such as control systems, signal processing and communications.
Efficient filters can be designed because transfer function is very robust to
small element changes. The drawback of digital filters based on all-pass
filter sections is that they are not suitable for tuning and the design of
filters with variable cut-off frequency. In this paper there is proposed a
new design method suitable for the design of filters that may satisfy
different attenuation specifications and variable cut-off based on low-order
wave digital filters. The method is derived using computer algebra system.
Hybrid DS/FH two-level code acquisition of frequency hopping radio in Rayleigh fading channel
Authors: Todorovic Branislav , Mitrovic Nemanja
Published: October 2013

A method for very long pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition of frequency hopping
(FH) radio is presented and analyzed. This method is realized through
twolevels: (1) acquisition of preamble, which consists of several short PN
codes (sync prefixes) modulated by using direct sequence (DS) technique, and
(2) long PN code synchronization of FH signal checking out. This scheme at
the receiving side uses a set of passive correlators and a bank of active
correlators. Some numerical results of acquisition performance measures in
Rayleigh fading channel are presented.
Optimisation of hand posture stimulation using an electrode array and iterative learning control
Authors: Exell Timothy , Freeman Christopher , Meadmore Katie , Hughes Ann-Marie , Hallewell Emma , Burridge Jane
Published: October 2013

Nonlinear optimisation-based search algorithms have been developed for the
precise stimulation of muscles in the wrist and hand, to enable stroke
patients to attain predefined gestures. These have been integrated in a
system comprising a 40 element surface electrode array that is placed on the
forearm, an electrogoniometer and data glove supplying position data from 16
joint angles, and custom signal generation and switching hardware to route
the electrical stimulation to individual array elements. The technology will
be integrated in a upper limb rehabilitation system currently undergoing
clinical trials to increase their ability to perform functional tasks
requiring fine hand and finger movement. Initial performance results from
unimpaired subjects show the successful reproduction of six reference hand
postures using the system.
Feedback control of the forearm movement of tetraplegic patient based on microsoft kinect and multi-pad electrodes
Authors: Strbac Matija , Malesevic Nebojsa , Cobeljic Radoje , Schwirtlich Laszlo
Published: October 2013

We present a novel system for control of elbow movements by electrical
stimulation of the biceps and triceps in tetraplegic patients. The operation
of the system uses the novel algorithm and applies closed loop control.
Movement of the arm is generated via multi-pad electrodes developed by
Tecnalia Serbia, Ltd. by the stimulator that allows asynchronous activation
of individual pads. The electrodes are positioned over the innervation of the
biceps and triceps muscles on the upper arm. This layout allows distributed
activation; thereby, selective and low fatiguing activation of paralyzed
muscles. The sensory feedback comes from the image acquired by the Microsoft
Kinect system and the depth stream analysis is performed in real time by the
computer running in the MatLab environment. The image based feedback allows
control of the hand position at the target by cocontraction of the
antagonists. The control adjusts the stimulation intensity and results with
the tracking of the desired movement. The algorithm was proven to operate
efficiently in a tetraplegic patient.
Closed-loop control of ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors using an inverted pendulum apparatus: A pilot study
Authors: Same Michael , Rouhani Hossein , Masani Kei , Popovic Milos
Published: October 2013

Considerable demand exists for a device to facilitate hands-free, stable
stance in individuals with neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury
(SCI) and stroke. In this regard, applying functional electrical stimulation
(FES) to muscles of the lower limbs in closed loop has shown promise. In
particular, it has been suggested that a PID control strategy could offer
functional benefits to stability by mimicking the neurological control
strategy employed in able-bodied stance. In this proof of concept study, we
tested this assertion by examining the potential of a PID control strategy
with gravity compensation to effectively maintain balance during quiet stance
by regulating FES-induced contractions of the ankle plantarflexors and
dorsiflexors in able-bodied individuals. A novel Inverted Pendulum Standing
Apparatus (IPSA) was employed to simulate quiet stance whilst minimizing the
voluntary control of able-bodied subjects. Quiet and perturbed standing
trials were performed in 3 able-bodied subjects. Performance metrics
including those pertaining to stability during quiet stance (root mean square
difference), perturbation rejection capabilities (settling time, peak
deviation), and ability to transition from an offset initial position
(settling time), were examined. For all 3 subjects and for all of the metrics
examined, our results showed that the proposed closed-loop controlled FES
system improved performance in comparison to voluntary control. These results
indicate that the PID plus gravity control strategy used in this study offers
meaningful benefits over voluntary control in terms of standing stability.
Thus, the controller could potentially be applied to the problem of improving
or restoring standing ability in some neurologic patient populations.
Ageing Russia, possibilities of substantial revolutionary changes and youth-related problems
Authors: Rukavishnikov Vladimir
Published: October 2013

The paper deals with the problem of demographic ageing in Russia, some
forecasts of the possible substantial revolutionary changes, and present
youth activities. The author discusses results of the recent study conducted
by the Department of Elite Studies of the Institute of Sociology of the
Russian Academy of Sciences. Data of this survey and personal observations of
the author confirm the opinion about the absence of such changes in
contemporary Russia, despite the involvement of a portion of youth in protest
rallies which occurred in winter 2012/13 in the capital and big cities which
was reduce to the slogan ?For honest elections!? The issue of youth violence
was slightly tackled.
Relations between Belgrade and Pristina: From technical to political dialogue
Authors: Djukanovic Dragan
Published: October 2013

In this article, the author deals with the dialogue process between the
authorities in Belgrade and Pristina after the unilateral proclamation of
Kosovo?s independence in 2008. He analyses the genesis and ranges of this
technical and political dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina from 2011 and
all agreements (freedom of movement, personal documents, customs, cadastre,
mutual recognitions of the university diplomas, Integrated Border Management,
representation of Kosovo in the regional integrations and forums) with
special emphasis on the ?First agreement of principles governing the
normalization of relations? (Brussels, 19 April 2013) and the creation of the
Association/Community of Serb Majority Municipalities in Kosovo. He concludes
that the dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina has been the major political
success of the European Union within the frameworks of mechanism of the
Common Foreign and Security Policy. The author also gives some predictions
concerning the next steps in the dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina also
presenting potential ?neuralgic? topics (ethnic community protection, status
of the Serbian Orthodox Church and property issues).
Environmental Impact of Straw Based Fuel Combustion
Authors: Czop Monika , Kajda-Szcześniak Małgorzata
Published: October 2013

Biomass is commonly considered as a renewable fuel, which taking into account emission of CO2 does not contribute to the emission of the greenhouse gases. In the research, combustion tests of two types of fuel formed on the basis of straw with addition of polyethylene were performed in the laboratory. The article presents results of measurements of gas pollution coming from the combustion of the formed fuel. Obtained results were compared with similar literature data for the combustion of coal. The research covers also testing of chemical content, content of heavy metals and selected physical properties of ashes generated during the process of burning fuel based on straw.
Variations in Particle Concentrations and Indoor Air Parameters in Classrooms in the Heating and Summer Seasons
Authors: Połednik Bernard
Published: October 2013

Simultaneous measurements of the indoor and outdoor particle mass (PM) and particle number (PN) concentrations as well as the air temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentrations have been conducted in 6 occupied (L) and unoccupied (V) classrooms in 3 secondary schools in Lublin, Poland, in the heating (H) and summer (S) seasons. The schools were located in residential areas where the majority of private houses are heated by means of coal-burning stoves. The ratios of the average particle concentrations in occupied and unoccupied classrooms (L/V) were higher during the heating season measurements. The ratios of the average particle concentrations during the measurements in the heating and summer seasons (H/S) were higher in occupied classrooms. In both seasons the average PM and PN concentrations amounted to 239 μg/m3 and 7.4×103/cm3 in the occupied classrooms, and to 76 μg/m3 and 5.4×103/cm3 in the unoccupied classrooms, respectively. The particle exposures experienced by students were higher in the monitored classrooms than outdoors and were on average about 50% higher in the heating than in the summer season. A positive correlation between mass concentrations of coarse particles and indoor air temperature, RH and CO2 concentrations in both seasons was observed. The concentrations of fine particles were negatively correlated with the indoor air parameters in the heating season, and positively correlated in the summer season.
Dimensioning of Digestion Chamber for Upgrading of Gas Recovery at Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Rybicki Stanisław M. , Cimochowicz-Rybicka Małgorzata
Published: October 2013

The paper describes practical results of four-year laboratory studies completed to estimate technically feasible conditions of upgrading an existing sludge disposal system. A minimization of sludge mass and volume together with an energy recovery improvement were main goals of these activities. The way from lab studies and simulations to full scale investments has been shown with a special emphasis on application of respirometric procedure being applied by authors. Proposed was authors’ procedure for an estimation of a digestion time prediction for sludge of specific composition. Investigations completed at existing wastewater treatment plant resulted in practical implementation to be used during the design of upgrading and extension of the digestion and energy recovery system at the plant. It was proved that proposed changes provide close to optimum conditions for process performance and the application of proposed calculation procedures was adopted by design team
Genetic Diversity in Ficus Sycomorus L. Species (Moraceae) Using Rapd and Irap Markers
Authors: Saleh Basel
Published: October 2013

This study was conducted in order to assess accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of the RAPD and IRAP techniques for determining the genetic variability in 10 Ficus sycomorus L. genotypes grown in the coastal regions of Syria. Thirty-six RAPD primers applied gave 352 discernible loci, of which 252 (71.59%) were polymorphic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with 36 RAPD primers gave an average of 9.778 selected markers/primers, with a maximum of 21 (OPA18) and a minimum of five (OPG11, OPK12 and OPT18). The amplification with 22 IRAP primers (single or combination) generated 178 bands, of which 151 (84.83%) were polymorphic, with an average of 11.125 selected markers/ primer, with a maximum of 17 (IRAP-TDK11F) and a minimum of seven (BREP1F+BREP1R, IRAP-TDK1F+IRAP- TDK1R and IRAP-TDK2F+IRAP-TDK2R). In the present investigation, the IRAP marker was more efficient than the RAPD assay, where the latter exhibited a lower marker index (MI) average (1.629) compared with the IRAP technique (2.941). Otherwise, F. sycomor4 genotype showed the highest dissimilarity compared with other genotypes studied in this investigation. Based upon the estimated percent disagreement values (PDV), we can suggest that there are three subspecies present among the 10 samples tested.
Effect of Age and Temperament Type on Reproductive Parameters of Female Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides Gray) / Wpływ Wieku I Temperamentu Na Parametry Rozrodcze Samic Jenota (Nyctereutes Procyonoides Gray)
Authors: Łapiński Stanisław , Bzymek Joanna , Niedbała Piotr , Migdał Łukasz , Zoń Andrzej , Lis Marcin
Published: October 2013

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between age and temperament as well as reproductive results in female raccoon dogs. The study was carried out at two raccoon dog breeding farms located in south-eastern Poland. A total of 189 foundation stock females were evaluated for temperament using a modified behavioural empathy test. Animals were classified into five temperament groups: very fearful (VF), fearful (F), confident (C), aggressive (A) and very aggressive (VA). The animals with calm temperament (C) formed the largest group (49.9%) whereas the smallest number of animals was classified as VA (5.6%). The influence of age on the temperament of raccoon dog females and the number of young born and weaned (P≤0.01) was revealed. At the same time, temperament did not affect reproductive parameters (P>0.05). Summing up, the results of this study indicate lack of correlation between temperament and reproductive parameters. It can be assumed that the elimination of aggressive animals from the foundation stock will not compromise production results and can help to facilitate handling and improve animal welfare.
Forecasting Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle in Selected Barn Zones with the Help of Thi and Thiadj Indexes / Prognozowanie Stresu Cieplnego U Bydła Mlecznego W Wybranych Strefach Obory Za Pomocą Wskaźników Thi I Thiadj
Authors: Herbut Piotr , Angrecka Sabina
Published: October 2013

The paper presents the influence of temperature, relative air humidity, air movement velocity and solar radiation on forecasting the risk of heat stress in dairy cows in a free-stall barn during hot weather seasons. THI and adjusted THI indexes were calculated for the periods in which the air temperature exceeded 28°C in the barn, and when it reached 25°C. Based on the THI values obtained during the heat, which ranged from 63 to 83, the occurrence of heat stress in cattle was stated. Heat stress also caused a decrease in milk yield, from about 22 kg to about 18 kg in the technological group. The calculated THIadj values (83 to 90), taking into account the solar radiation and air movement velocity, indicated also the occurrence of health-threatening conditions for cattle. On the fourth day of heat the maximum daily value of THI in the first measurement point was 83 with THIadj of 90, while in the second point THI was 82 and THIadj was 87. This indicated the occurrence of significant differences in microclimatic conditions in the occupied zone of the same technological group. The influence of investigated microclimate factors on the formation of THIadj in the researched zone of the barn was stated. No proper method of its determination was also stated. The analysis of the impact of air movement velocity on THIadj value (P<0.05) and the solar radiation (P<0.05) demonstrated the importance of these parameters in forecasting heat stress in cows in the barn.
Relationship of Udder and Teat Morphology to Milking Characteristics and Udder Health Determined by Ultrasonographic Examinations in Dairy Cows / Związek Między Morfologią Wymienia I Strzyków A Cechami Doju I Zdrowotnością Wymienia W Badaniach Usg Krów Mlecznych
Authors: Szencziová Iveta , Strapák Peter , Stádník Ludĕk , Ducháček Jaromír , Beran Jan
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study is to call attention to the possibility of using ultrasonography as a useful tool for the evaluation of morphological characteristics of the udder and teats in dairy cows in relation to milking characteristics and udder health. A total of 26 dairy cows of the Holstein breed in the first (n = 13) and second lactation (n = 13) were investigated with a linear array ultrasound probe. Recovery of the teat internal parameters after milking was determined by ultrasonographic scanning. Teat canal length, teat canal diameter and teat wall thickness of 103 teats were evaluated from 622 measurements before and directly after milking and every 15 minutes until 1 hour after milking (6 measurements). The most significant differences in internal proportions were determined within those values measured before and immediately after milking. The dynamics of changes in the length of the teat canal demonstrated the extension by 27%. A sudden restoration of the initial length by 11% was detected one hour after milking. Differences in teat canal diameter were significant at P<0.01 between the 1st and 4th measurement. The initial extension was 17% immediately after milking and the restoration about 9% one hour after milking. The wall thickness was strengthened during the 2nd measurement immediately after milking in comparison with the 1st measurement before milking (P<0.01). Significant differences in the wall thickness were detected between the 1st and 2nd measurement (+26%; P<0.01) and between the 2nd and 3rd measurement. The ultrasonographic scanning of the teat parameters was a useful tool to study teat changes caused by milking.
Synthesis and evaluation of possible mechanism of anti nociceptive potential of novel 2-quinolone fused 3,5-pyrazolidinedione derivatives in experimental animal models
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Singh Anita
Published: October 2013

In the present synthesis a series of 1-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones were prepared. By the reaction of N-methylbenzenamine with diethyl malonoate 4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one were prepared, which on treatment with posphoryl chloride converted into 4-chloro-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one. Subsequently with substituted phenyl hydrazines 1-methyl-4-(2- substitutedphenylhydrazinyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one were obtained, which on reaction with diethyl malonate gave 1- (1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones. All structures were characterized by IR, 1HNMR & mass spectrometry. Further all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-nociceptive activity in mice by Eddy’s hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing response. All compounds have shown the activity. In hot plate model compounds QAA-04c and QAA-04d have given more activity than standard, whereas in case of acetic acid induced writhing model compounds QAA-04a and QAA- 04d have given significant analgesic activity which is comparable with the standard drug. Compound QAA-04b has shown least analgesic activity. Compound QAA-04a was almost equal in activity to the standard drug diclofenac sodium and was considered as the lead molecule.
Influence of soil type on the wilting of plants
Authors: Czyż E.A. , Dexter A.R.
Published: October 2013

It has been shown that the water remaining in soil when plants wilt due to soil limitations and the residual water content as observed when soils are de-watered in pressure cell apparatus are essentially the same. Both are produced by immiscible displacement of water by air, and this leads to the water remaining in soil not being in thermodynamic equilibrium. Water removal by immiscible displacement ceases when hydraulic cut-off is reached. The point of hydraulic cut-off may be calculated by fitting waterretention data to equations for both the non-equilibrium case and the equilibrium case, and then solving these simultaneously. This has been done forwater retention data for 52 soil horizons in Poland. These results are used to obtain a pedotransfer function for the permanent wilting point due to soil limitations and the results are presented for the different soil texture classes. The pore water suction when wilting occurs is estimated to be 1.0 MPa. The methods and findings in this paper are used to explain a range of published results on plant wilting.
Some physical properties of ginkgo nuts and kernels
Authors: Ch'ng P.E. , Abdullah M.H.R.O. , Mathai E.J. , Yunus N.A.
Published: October 2013

Some data of the physical properties of ginkgo nuts at a moisture content of 45.53% (±2.07) (wet basis) and of their kernels at 60.13% (± 2.00) (wet basis) are presented in this paper. It consists of the estimation of the mean length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, aspect ratio, unit mass, surface area, volume, true density, bulk density, and porosity measures. The coefficient of static friction for nuts and kernels was determined by using plywood, glass, rubber, and galvanized steel sheet. The data are essential in the field of food engineering especially dealing with design and development of machines, and equipment for processing and handling agriculture products.
Common Variants in BCL9 Gene and Schizophrenia in a Japanese Population: Association Study, Meta-Analysis and Cognitive Function Analysis / UOBIČAJENE VARIJANTE BCL9 GENA I ŠIZOFRENIJA U JAPANSKOJ POPULACIJI: ŠTUDIJA POVEZANOSTI, METAANALIZA I ANALIZA KOGNITIVNIH FUNKCIJA
Authors: Shiino Tomoko , Koide Takayoshi , Kushima Itaru , Ikeda Masashi , Kunimoto Shohko , Nakamura Yukako , Yoshimi Akira , Aleksic Branko , Banno Masahiro , Kikuchi Tsutomu , Kohmura Kunihiro , Adachi Yasunori , Kawano Naoko , Okada Takashi , Inada Toshiya , Ujike Hiroshi , Iidaka Tetsuya , Suzuki Michio , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio
Published: October 2013

Background:Schizophrenia is a relatively common disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of about 1%. Family history is the most important risk factor for schizophrenia, consistent with a genetic contribution to its etiology. Recent human genetic studies reported that some common variants located within BCL9 are associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population, but not associated with bipolar disorder in the Caucasian population.

Methods: Single nucleotide variant (SNP) prioritization sample was comprised of 575 patients with schizophrenia and 564 healthy controls with no personal or family history of psychiatric illness. For SNP association analysis, we used an independent Japanese sample set (replication sample) comprising 1464 cases and 1171 controls. For the analysis of cognitive performance, we investigated 115 cases and 87 controls using Continuous Performance Test (CPT-IP) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Keio version (WCST). Meta-selectanalysis was performed using a combined Japanese total sample (N=3735) and a Chinese sample from a previous study.

Results: In the replication sample set, we did not detect any association in 2 SNPs (rs672607 and rs10494252) and schizophrenia. Meta-analysis of rs672607 showed significant association (p-value 0.012, odds ratio 0.855). There was a significant (p<0.01) difference between the A/A and G carrier group of rs672607 in CPT mean d’ (p=0.0092).

Conclusions: We were able to detect evidence for an association between rs672607 in BCL9 and schizophrenia in the meta-analysis of Japanese and Chinese populations. Additionally, this common variant may affect cognitive performance, as measured by the CPT-IP in schizophrenia patients.