bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Педагогічні умови формування корпоративної культури майбутніх викладачів вищої школи
Authors: Рожков Владислав
Published: January 2025

The article substantiates the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the corporate culture of future higher school teachers, which include: the creation of an environment aimed at strengthening the motivation of future higher school teachers to master the corporate culture; development of the ability and teamwork skills of future teachers of the higher school; formation of communicative culture in the context of the development of skills of professional communicative interaction of future teachers of higher education. The article states that in accordance with the topic of scientific research, we distinguish the following concepts: «pedagogical conditions» and «corporate culture». We interpret pedagogical conditions as a set of organizational forms, methods, techniques, and means of coordinating educational and educational influence on the subject of educational activity to motivate and stimulate effective self-development. Pedagogical conditions are those that are specially created in the educational process with the aim of increasing its effectiveness or implementing certain innovations for the formation of the corporate culture of future teachers of higher education. Corporate culture is interpreted by us as a system of spiritual and material values, manifestations that interact with each other, characteristic of future teachers of a higher school, such that reflect individuality and perception of oneself and others in the social and educational environment, which is manifested in behavior, interaction, perception of oneself and environment.
Аналіз стану готовності майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва до роботи в умовах змішаного навчання
Authors: Науменко Назарій
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of an empirical study on the readiness of future music teachers to work in blended learning environments, as ensured by the traditional organization of professional training in pedagogical higher education institutions. The study is grounded in a systemic approach, providing a comprehensive and structured analysis. Diagnostic methods were applied to assess students' readiness to organize blended learning based on four criteria: informational-cognitive, value-motivational, procedural-technological, and personal-reflective. Based on the collected data, three levels of readiness for blended learning were identified and characterized: high, medium and low. The findings revealed that only a third of respondents demonstrated a high level of readiness, while a significant proportion of future teachers showed insufficient knowledge, skills, and motivation for effective work in blended learning environments. The study emphasizes typical problems, including limited awareness of blended learning technologies, inadequate proficiency with digital tools, and challenges in adapting traditional teaching methods to online settings. The identified shortcomings indicate that the traditional organization of the educational process does not adequately prepare many future music teachers for productive work in blended learning environments. This highlights the importance of substantiating pedagogical conditions and developing a model for targeted preparation of students for the successful organization of blended learning in general education institutions
Готовність до саморозвитку як професійно-особистісна якість майбутніх педагогів
Authors: Фрицюк Валентина
Published: January 2025

The article proves the need to form students' readiness for professional self-development. It is necessary to prepare students for professional self-development during professional training in a higher education institution. An analysis of the practice of training future teachers showed the episodic implementation of certain courses on professional self-development. «The readiness of prospective teacher for continuous professional self-development» is considered as the student’s ability to purposeful reflexive activities, which is associated with design and implementation of quality changes in personality’s identity and practical realization of subjective  experience in the field of professional self-determination and self-realization on the basis of conscious self-regulation of own educational and professional activities. This complex quality has the following structural components: motivational; informational; organizational; emotional; reflective. Professional self-development of a future teacher involves a systematic, purposeful influence of a university student on himself through self-education and self-education in order to form and improve professional qualities. Based on the analysis of the content characteristics of the identified components, the criteria for the readiness of future teachers for professional self-development can be considered: value awareness of the need for purposeful continuous professional self-development; integrative-theoretical training, the level of professionally directed knowledge obtained; practical-operational training, the formation of practical skills and abilities necessary for professional self-development; a set of individual psychological qualities important for continuous professional self-development and future professional activity in general; orientation towards self-analysis, self-assessment of one's own professional self-development.
Вдосконалення підготовки вчителів початкової школи до розвитку комунікативної компетентності
Authors: Воронько ВІТАЛІЙ , Марусинець Маріанна
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the issue of the peculiarities of training future primary school teachers to develop students' communicative competence on the basis of a competence-based approach.  It is substantiated that the basis of all competencies should be communicative, which allows mastering all other important activities. Attention is focused on open types of competencies, through which communication is the basis of all competencies, which contributes to the mastery of other important activities, especially teaching; the methodological tools that a future teacher should have to form specific subject competencies in students according to the degree of formation of communicative competence are indicated.
Educational and social trends are identified, including the difficulty of defining the principles of education based on the competencies prescribed in educational programs. It is emphasized that it is advisable to focus future teachers on the development of students' communication, which is the basis for their successful learning, since each student must be competent (able) to apply competencies (social requirements, norms) in certain conditions of life. Therefore, the training of primary school teachers should be aimed at mastering the methods of teaching certain disciplines with a focus on the formation of specific subject competencies in students based on the degree of communication competence; mastery of the teaching algorithm: what we teach (subject competence) – why we teach (key competence) – how we teach (communication competence).
It is recommended that younger students use effective ways to develop communication skills, such as interaction with a quasi-persona (Persona-Dolls), storytelling (so-called unfinished stories), discussion and cultural events on popular socio-cultural topics.
Особистісно-професійне самовиховання магістрів у процесі загальнопедагогічної підготовки
Authors: Тетерук Роман
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes certain aspects of the problem of personal and professional self-education of higher education students in the educational environment of higher education in the process of general pedagogical training of future teachers. The process of self-education is successful if the future teacher is aware of the responsibility for his/her professional future, actively counteracts external circumstances, plans and adjusts his/her own educational activities for the sake of professional success. The most favorable period for this is the age of students, since it is at this time that self-awareness is intensively developed, self-esteem and self-organization skills are formed. The significance of self-education in the professional development of future teachers is that it not only helps them to improve themselves, but also to reveal their potential, form their professional position, achieve their goals, get the opportunity for personal self-realization, and overcome difficulties on the way to professionalization. This becomes possible with regularity and systematicity. The main internal motive, the source of internal activity, is the desire to engage in self-education, and its emergence is facilitated by need. At the motivational stage of self-education, it is important to advise students not to fall victim to a stereotype, as a pattern of behavior is often developed and the moment comes when it is impossible to break it because it is inconvenient and painful. This causes stagnation or stoppage of professional development.
 The most significant signs of adequate self-esteem as an important condition for successful self-education are awareness of one's own professional qualities and comparing them with the professional qualities of others. It means not only fixing the level of their development, but also a value-based attitude towards them, which ensures satisfaction with positive qualities and the need to consolidate them, as well as dissatisfaction with negative or underdeveloped personality traits and the desire to change them for the better. Adequate self-esteem is possible mainly through action, not through mere contemplation. One of the ways to build a future teacher's self-esteem is to compare their results with the ideal, and this work should begin as early as possible, from the first year of study. An effective way of self-knowledge is to closely observe the actions and deeds of other people and draw parallels with yourself. For this purpose, motivational videos are used, the heroes of which are interesting professional teachers. Adequate self-assessment, self-knowledge and self-analysis prepare for the next crucial step – a clear formulation of the goal and objectives of self-education, which determine the direction of further actions. The goal sets the direction of professional and personal self-education, as it is an imaginary end result of activity, a compass that correctly directs actions to the result.
Сучасні тенденції розвитку теорії і практики кооперативного навчання у США
Authors: Галузяк Василь , Макодай Олександр
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the modern trends in the development of cooperative learning in the USA as one of the leading pedagogical technologies of the 21st century. Cooperative learning is viewed as a pedagogical strategy based on small group collaboration aimed at achieving shared educational goals, fostering academic knowledge, social skills, and key competencies. The study highlights the impact of information technologies on the transformation of cooperative learning, particularly through the use of platforms for distance education and artificial intelligence tools for adapting learning tasks. Special attention is given to the integration of cooperative learning with social-emotional learning, aimed at developing empathy, self-regulation, responsible decision-making, and collaboration skills. Its role in shaping soft skills such as critical thinking, adaptability, communication, leadership, and teamwork—crucial for the modern labor market—is emphasized. The integration of cooperative learning into STEM and STEAM education, combining technical and creative disciplines to address real-world technical and social challenges, is also explored. The article underscores the multicultural context of cooperative learning, which facilitates overcoming sociocultural barriers, supports inclusion, and integrates students with special educational needs. Examples of successful implementation of models such as STAD, TGT, and "Jigsaw," which enhance active participation of all students in the learning process, are provided.
Modern approaches to evaluating the outcomes of cooperative learning are analyzed, focusing on both individual contributions and group dynamics. The significance of adopting the American experience for modernizing Ukraine’s educational system is highlighted. Recommendations are made to integrate cooperative learning with innovative approaches aimed at fostering key competencies, creating an inclusive environment, and preparing students for the challenges of contemporary society. Implementing this educational strategy in the Ukrainian context is expected to enhance the efficiency of the learning process and create conditions for nurturing socially active and professionally competent youth.
Становлення ідей Просвітництва в освітньо-культурному просторі України XVII – початку XVIII ст. Особливості раннього українського Просвітництва
Authors: Антонюк Галина
Published: January 2025

The article traces the establishment of Enlightenment ideas in the educational and cultural space of Ukraine in the period of the XVII-early XVIII centuries. It is emphasized that the theoretical sources of the Ukrainian Enlightenment (as an invariant of the Western European Enlightenment) were scientific ideas developed in the previous time period. First of all, these were the theoretical works of the figures of the fraternal movement and the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, which, in turn, were based on scientific and theoretical programs from Antiquity to the New Age. The ideas of Enlightenment were based on rationalist ideas, based on the achievements of Western European philosophical thought, represented by the views of R. Descartes, H. Lyabnitz,  I. Newton, I. Kant, and others. The study clarified the peculiarities of the functioning of the Ukrainian Enlightenment in "early" and "mature" forms; it has been established that two directions are distinguished in the ideology of the early Ukrainian Enlightenment: ethical-humanistic (ethical-anthroposophical) and scientific-educational (scientist). These two directions were united by the fact that they were directed against the culture and institutions of feudal society, but they approached the solution of fundamental worldview issues in different ways, which was caused by the different social affiliation of their representatives.  The role of the early Ukrainian Enlightenment in determining the vector of further development of national education and pedagogy is characterized.
Вплив стилю педагогічного спілкування на мотивацію учіння молодших школярів
Authors: Галузяк Василь , Волковська Анна
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of an empirical study on the relationship between pedagogical communication styles and the learning motivation of primary school students. Pedagogical communication style is considered as a complex of stable, time-consistent, individually unique, and trans-situational methods, techniques, and expressive characteristics of teacher-student interaction, determined by the teacher's motivational and value dispositions.
To diagnose the pedagogical communication styles of primary school teachers, the "Interaction Style of Educational Process Participants" questionnaire (V. Simonov) and the "Pedagogical Communication Style" methodology (A. Maisky, O. Kovalyova) were employed. The level of learning motivation in primary school students was assessed using the "School Motivation Level Assessment Questionnaire" (N. Luskanova) and the "Study of Learning Motivation" methodology (M. Ginzburg).
The findings confirmed the hypothesis that pedagogical communication style affects the structure and content of learning motivation in primary school students. It was found that in classrooms led by teachers with a democratic communication style, students are more focused on the content and process of learning (as indicated by a strong cognitive motive) and on their relationships with the teacher, to whom they feel responsible (duty motive). In classrooms led by authoritarian teachers, students show less orientation toward the learning process and content, maintaining a stronger gaming motivation and a relatively weaker cognitive motivation. However, they exhibit a pronounced future-oriented motive, reflecting the authoritarian teacher's influence. The liberal communication style was found to be the least conducive to developing learning motivation, as the absence of clear rules and guidance, along with the unpredictability of teacher reactions, disorients students and reduces their engagement in learning activities. These results suggest that the pedagogical communication style shapes the psychological climate in the classroom, which either stimulates or hinders students' cognitive activity. The findings highlight the importance of a humanistic approach to pedagogical interaction, based on respect, encouragement of initiative, and the creation of a comfortable learning environment that fosters personal growth in primary school students.
Pengaruh Ludo Matematika Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Matriks Kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam
Authors: Mahendra Iqbal Dwi Stiadi , Widiawati Widiawati , Indrayati Helni
Published: January 2025

Ludo Matematika adalah inovasi media pembelajaran berbasis permainan yang menggabungkan konsep matematika dengan elemen permainan tradisional, dirancang untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa melalui pengalaman belajar yang menyenangkan dan interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran Ludo Matematika terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi matriks di kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam.. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen, melibatkan dua kelas: kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan Ludo Matematika dan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan metode konvensional, masing-masing terdiri dari 30 siswa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttest control group design. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai posttest kelas eksperimen sebesar 84,57 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol sebesar 73,30. Uji t-test dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (<0,05) menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan penggunaan Ludo Matematika terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Media pembelajaran ini tidak hanya meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matriks tetapi juga menciptakan suasana belajar yang lebih interaktif dan menyenangkan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan Ludo Matematika sebagai inovasi dalam pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kualitas hasil belajar siswa.
The effect of star flare activity on the structure of the hydrogen-helium upper atmosphere of hot Jupiter
Authors: Zhilkin A. G. , Gladysheva Y. G. , Shematovich V. I. , Tsurikov G. N. , Bisikalo D. V.
Published: January 2025

In the paper using 1D aeronomic model the impact of a stellar flare on the upper atmosphere of hot Jupiter is investigated. The atmosphere is assumed to have a hydrogen-helium chemical composition, and calculations were carried out for the hot Jupiter HD 209458b. We examined single and repeated flares in which the flux of hard UV radiation increases by 10, 100 and 1000 times compared to the quiescent state of the star. The active phase of the dynamic response of the atmosphere lasts 12–15 hours after the flare, and the characteristic period of relaxation to the initial state is about a day. From the results obtained it follows that the flare activity of solar-type stars does not have a significant effect on the evolution of the planetary atmospheres of hot Jupiters. However, the interpretation of transit observations of the disturbed atmospheres of hot Jupiters will make it possible to separate from each other the observational effects associated with the interaction of stellar flares and coronal mass ejections with the upper atmospheres and envelopes of these planets. This will make it possible to more accurately determine the parameters of the stellar wind and coronal mass ejections of solar-type parent stars.
The [N/C] value as an indicator of the red giant evolution: observed differences between magnetic and non-magnetic giants
Authors: Lyubimkov L. S. , Poklad D. B.
Published: January 2025

An analysis is performed of data concerning the [N/C] value, one of the most sensitive indicators of stellar evolution, for 20 red giants with magnetic fields in comparison with similar data for 7 non-magnetic giants. For the most giants in question the [N/C] value showed a dependence on the age t and mass M. In particular, the [N/C] value for the most of magnetic giants decreases from 1.2 to 0.9 when logt increases from 8.2 to 9.8 and M increases from 1 to 4 M⊙. It was shown that for the most of magnetic giants the [N/C] values are lowered (up to 0.4 dex) as compared with non-magnetic giants with the same values of t or M. The supposition was made that such differences in the [N/C] values between these two groups of stars are explained by different ways of stellar evolution of red giants with magnetic fields (on the main sequence (MS) stage the fields could be strong) and giants without magnetic fields. In particular, the magnetic field can suppress the mixing process on the MS stage already and especially in the First Dredge-Up (FDU) phase; that leads to the [N/C] lowering in magnetic giants.
Proton fluxes of solar-type stars with planetary systems
Authors: Savanov I. S.
Published: January 2025

The previously developed method for estimating of the parameters of proton fluxes from flare energies for the Sun was applied to data on the flare activity of solar-type stars. The results obtained will be used to assess the radiation situation in a stellar system containing exoplanets. In our analysis we used catalog data on flares of solar-type stars obtained from observations with Kepler telescope. The empirical relations between the energy of X-ray flares and the proton flux for the Sun was extended to the case of stellar flares, similar to what was done previously in the case of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The method used has limitations caused by the extension of the solar analogy to other stars as well as the uncertainties that arise when applying scaling methods. It was found that the characteristic values of the proton flux for solar-type stars can be one order of magnitude higher than the estimates for the Sun. Prospects for the development of alternative methods for estimating proton fluxes in the vicinity of stars of late spectral types are discussed (for example, by studying the behavior of Si IV and He II emission lines in the far ultraviolet range).
Simulation of the free fall of a gas stream on a protoplanetary disk
Authors: Grigoryev V. V. , Demidova T. V.
Published: January 2025

The problem of the formation of exoplanets in inclined orbits relative to the equatorial plane of the parent star or the main plane of the protoplanetary disk can be solved by introducing a smaller inclined disk. However, the question of the nature of such an internal disk remains open. In the paper, we successfully tested the hypothesis about the formation of an inclined inner disk in a protoplanetary disk near a T Tau type star as a result of a gas stream falling on it. To test the hypothesis, three-dimensional gas-dynamic calculations were performed taking into account viscosity and thermal conductivity using the PLUTO package. In the course of the analysis of calculations, it was shown that a single intersection of the matter stream with the plane of the disk cannot ensure the formation of an inclined disk near the star, while a double intersection can. In addition, in the case of a retrograde fall of matter, the angle of inclination of the resulting inner disk is significantly greater. An analysis of the observational manifestations of this event was also carried out: the potential change in the brightness of the star, the distribution of optical thickness in angles, the evolution of the accretion rate. It is shown that the decrease in brightness can reach up to 5m, taking into account scattered light, and such a decrease in brightness will last several decades. In addition, a sharp increase in the accretion rate by two orders of magnitude could potentially trigger an FU Ori-like outburst.
Starspot activity of the red dwarf star V772 Her
Authors: Alekseev I. Yu. , Kozhevnikova A. V. , Kozhevnikov V. P.
Published: January 2025

The photometric behavior of the spotted primary component of the eclipsing dwarf system V772 Her (G0V + M5V) is considered based on long-term multicolor photoelectric observations. The total photometric effect caused by starspots reaches up to 0.m19. Our simulations showed that the area of the spotted regions can reach up to 13% of the total surface of the star. The spots are 1800 K cooler than the unspotted photosphere and are located at low latitudes.
New formula for the angular velocity of rotation of liquid equilibrium figures
Authors: Kondratyev B. P.
Published: January 2025

The aim of the work is to derive a new dynamic formula for the angular velocity of rotation of equilibrium figures of a gravitating fluid with a polytropic equation of state. In this formula, the angular velocity of rotation depends not only on the polytropic index 0 ≤ n ≤ 5, but, and this is the main thing, on the components of the internal and external gravitational energy of the figure. When solving the problem, the integration constant in the full potential was expressed through three global characteristics: mass, full gravitational energy and rotation energy of the equilibrium figure. The validity of the new formula was confirmed by the limiting transition at n = 0 to classical homogeneous Maclaurin spheroids and Jacobi ellipsoids. The results of the work expand the scope of application of the theory of equilibrium figures.
Should we expect further acceleration of the Earth’s rotation in the coming years?
Authors: Malkin Z. M.
Published: January 2025

Recently, it was suggested in the literature that the difference between universal and coordinated time UT1–UTC could reach a large positive value in the coming years (Agnew 2024). This would make it necessary to introduce a negative leap second into UTC for the first time in history, which in turn will cause serious problems in time keeping and synchronization systems around the world. Based on the latest Earth’s rotation and Universal Time data published by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) and their prediction, this paper shows that the acceleration trend observed over the past four years is likely to return to slowing down soon. Therefore, fears about the possible need to introduce a negative leap second into the UTC time scale in the next few years in the light of recent observational data seem unfounded.
Influence of departures from LTE on determinations of the sulphur abundances in A–K type stars
Authors: Korotin S. A. , Kiselev K. O.
Published: January 2025

The influence of departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium on neutral sulfur lines is considered. A grid of corrections is proposed to take into account the influence of departures from LTE for neutral sulfur lines in the visible and infrared spectral regions, including the H-band. The grid is calculated using the atomic model of sulfur incorporating the most up-to-date collision rates with electrons and hydrogen. The inclusion of levels and transitions of ionized sulfur in the atomic model made it possible to expand the range of effective temperatures of stellar photospheres in the grid, up to 10 000 K. The atomic model was tested in determining the sulfur abundance of 13 stars and showed its adequacy in a wide range of fundamental stellar parameters. In the spectra of all test stars, the sulfur lines are fitted with similar abundances of the element, regardless of the degree of influence of the effects of deviation from LTE on a particular spectral line. For lines of several multiplets, the wavelengths and oscillator strengths were refined. A list of S I lines recommended for determining sulfur abundance has been created.
Acetylene trimerization on the silicon carbide surface in the envelopes of AGB stars: an astrochemical estimation
Authors: Murga M. S.
Published: January 2025

This work is devoted to estimating of the contribution of the trimerization reaction of acetylene molecules on the surface of silicon carbide (SiC) particles with the formation of benzene molecules into the benzene abundance in the envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. The reaction was included into an astrochemical model, using which modeling was carried out under conditions corresponding to the envelope of the AGB star IRC+10216. Based on the modeling results, it is shown that the trimerization reaction of acetylene on the SiC surface can effectively occur under the conditions of the envelopes of AGB stars and have a significant effect on the benzene abundance, and, as a consequence, other aromatic molecules. Accounting for acetylene trimerization can increase the benzene abundance in the gas by an order of magnitude, and at the surface the benzene abundance can be up to four orders of magnitude higher compared to estimates in the gas predicted by a model with only gas-phase reactions. The rate of benzene formation on the SiC surface significantly exceeds the rate of benzene formation in the gas during the early phases of the stellar pulsation. The efficiency of benzene formation in the trimerization reaction depends on currently unknown kinetic parameters of the reaction, in particular, on the desorption energy of the resulting benzene molecule. Determination of reaction parameters will help to perform more accurate quantitative modeling in the future.
Search for interpulses in a complete sample of pulsars at a frequency of 111 MHz
Authors: Toropov M. O. , Tyul’bashev S. A. , Beskin V. S.
Published: January 2025

An interpulse search was carried out in a sample of 96 pulsars observed on the Large Phased Array (LPA) radio telescope in the Pushchino Multibeams Pulsar Search (PUMPS). The pulsar sample is complete for pulsars having a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in the main pulse (MP) greater than 40. To search for weak interpulses (IP), the addition of average profiles over an interval of up to 10 years was used. Interpulses were detected in 12 pulsars (12.5% of the sample), of which 7 pulsars have an interpulse located near the 180◦ phase relative to the main pulse (probable orthogonal rotators), and 5 have phases far from 180◦ (probable coaxial rotators). The amplitude ratios of IP/MP are in the range of 0.004−0.023, the median value is 0.01. Estimates of the observed number of coaxial and orthogonal rotators with IP/MP ≥0.01 do not contradict the model according to which, during evolution, the magnetic axis and the axis of rotation become orthogonal.
Search for pulsars with periods of more than two seconds at declinations from +21◦ to +42◦
Authors: Tyul’bashev S. A. , Tyul’basheva G. E.
Published: January 2025

The search for long period transients with periods (P) from 2 to 90 s was carried out in daily observations conducted in a area 6300 sq. deg.. The data was obtained on a Large Phased Array (LPA) at a frequency of 111 MHz. Periodograms calculated using the Fast Folding Algorithm (FFA) were used for the search. To increase the sensitivity, the periodograms obtained in different observation sessions were added. Of the 14 known pulsars that entered the study area, having periods P 2 c and dispersion measures (DM) less than 200 pc/cm3, 9 were detected. Two new pulsars were found. The average profiles of pulsars are obtained and estimates of their flux density are given. The discovered pulsar J1951+28, with a period of P = 7.3342 s and DM = 3.5 pc/cm3, turned out to be one of the closest pulsars to the Sun. The absence of new long period transients (pulsars or white dwarf) with periods of tens of seconds with the achieved sensitivity of searching for 1 mJy outside the galactic plane indicates a low probability of the existence of pulsars of neutron stars with extremely long periods. Most likely, the recently found sources of periodic radiation with periods from a minute to tens of minutes are white dwarfs pulsars.
To the question of north-south asymmetry of solar activity in the 25th Schwabe-Wolf cycle
Authors: Yazev S. A. , Isaeva Е. S. , Tomozov V. M. , Ivanov K. I. , Hos-Erdene B.
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the north-south asymmetry (NSA) of the groups of sunspots and flares location during the growth phase of the 25th Schwabe-Wolf cycle of solar activity was performed. During the first four years of the cycle’s development, sunspot activity increased quasi-synchronously in the northern and southern hemispheres; the module of the NSA coefficient during this period decreased from 0.6 to 0.2. The longitudinal distribution of sunspots in the second half of 2023 was uneven and similar in both hemispheres; groups of sunspots appeared during this period mainly in the longitudinal intervals of 30–100°, as well as 200–280°, at other longitudes activity was reduced, as in the northern, and in the southern hemispheres. The number of flares of all classes was 45% in the northern hemisphere, 42% in the southern hemisphere, 13% were not identified. The flare index was distributed between the hemispheres in the ratio of 49.5% to 42%, 8.5% were not identified. A comparison with the 24th cycle shows that NSA in the distribution of sunspots and flares between the northern and southern hemispheres in the current (25th) cycle is significantly lower than in the previous one. A high degree of symmetry of activity can ensure a greater height of the 25th cycle compared to the 24th, as well as the single-peaked nature of the 25th cycle. It is hypothesized that in the 25th cycle there is a higher level of dipole parity of the global magnetic field compared to the 24th cycle.
Synthesis, structure, analgesic activity of N-Aryl-2,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-2,6-methanobenzo[g][1,3,5]oxa-diazocin-11-carboxamides
Authors: Manapov R. R. , Zamaraeva T. M. , Slepova N. V. , Rudakova I. P. , Dmitriev M. V.
Published: January 2025

N-Aryl-2,3-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-2,6-methanobenzo[g][1,3,5]oxadiazocin-11-carboxamides were obtained by the three-component reaction of N-aryl-3-oxobutanamides, salicylic aldehyde, N-methylurea in ethanol in the presence of potassium hydrosulfate. The structure of the obtained compounds was determined by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis data. The analgesic activity of the synthesized compounds was studied.
The Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Russian Far East and other new sea turtle records
Authors: Milto K. D. , Maslova I. V. , Stefanov S. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Between 2018 and 2023, four new records of sea turtles (Dermochelyidae, Cheloniidae) belonging to three species (Dermochelys coriacea, Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricata) were recorded in Russian Far Eastern waters. The Hawksbill Turtle (E. imbricata) is reported from Russia for the first time. This adult female was caught by fishermen in the strait between Kunashir and Shikotan islands. An adult specimen of D. coriacea was captured in nets in the Kunashir Strait of the Sea of Okhotsk near the village of Tretyakovo. Several skeleton fragments of Ch. mydas were found near the Alyokhin Cape of Kunashir Island. The Green Turtle, Ch. mydas, is recorded from the Kuril Islands for the first time, very likely that specimen belongs to the Pacific subspecies, the Black Turtle (Ch. m. agassizii). Another species of sea turtle, the Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), is also likely to occur in the southern part of the Far Eastern sea area. The Leatherback Turtle, D. coriacea, is the only species regularly entering Russia’s waters and has been recorded at least two dozen times in the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea, and in the Pacific waters of the Russian economic zone near the southern Kuril Islands. Two other species, the Loggerhead, Caretta caretta, and the Green Turtle, Ch. mydas, have been recorded only a few times. The actual number of sea turtles entering Russia’s waters is higher than the number given in official sources. A tendency for sea turtle records to increase in the temperate and subarctic zones seems to be associated with increased fishing in the region. Bycatch study in temperate and subarctic zones may provide new information on the distribution and biology of sea turtles in the north and also allow for methods for reducing accidental turtle mortality to be developed.
A case of partner change in a pair during the nesting period in the white stork (Ciconia ciconia L. 1758, Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae) and its consequences
Authors: Pavlova V. V.
Published: January 2025

The nesting behavior of white storks, Ciconia ciconia, when one of the partners in a pair deserted, is described. This case was observed in the summer of 2023 in a nest located in the village of Shestikhino, Nekouzsky District, Yaroslavl Region. The behavior of storks on the nest was recorded around the clock using an online camera. Around the middle of the season, the male of the pair was injured and left the nest. Eight days later, a stranger male stork began to appear on the nest. The behaviors of the stranger, the female, the resident male and the chicks are described.
Perspectives of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) conservation, a population in the Khabarovsk Krai taken as an example
Authors: Lukarevskiy V. S. , Oleynikov A. Yu. , Kolchin S. A.
Published: January 2025

The study is aimed at assessing the status of the key Amur tiger population, Panthera tigris, in the Khabarovsk Krai in the conditions of sharply deteriorated trophic conditions caused by the African swine fever outbreak and ongoing habitat degradation. Two relatively large areas where typical regional economic activities are conducted were chosen as study sites. The research was conducted using both traditional (snow tracking) and modern (camera traps) methods, which, in combination, helped reduce subjectivity in interpreting the results. An analysis of critically important factors negatively impacting the tiger population at the northern limit of their distribution was performed. Excessive tiger mortality in recent years has been demonstrated, which could lead to long-term negative processes in the population and significant reduction. Possible measures to reduce the emerging threats to the northernmost Amur tiger population (Panthera tigris altaica) are discussed.
Cortisol concentration in hair of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788, Carnivora, Phocidae): the effects of sex, age, and the dynamics of ice destruction
Authors: Shibanova P. Yu. , Solovyeva M. A. , Zhuravleva P. S. , Glazov D. M. , Rozhnov V. V. , Naidenko S. V.
Published: January 2025

Measuring hair cortisol concentrations is a widespread method of hormonal research in natural populations. In particular, it has increasingly been used for assessing the chronic physiological stress over long time periods. This study showed for the first time the experience of using hair of Baikal seals to examine their hormonal status. We collected hair samples from live Baikal seals captured during summer expeditions to the Ushkany Islands, Lake Baikal in 2019 and 2021. Age differences in hair cortisol concentration were found: hair cortisol levels were higher among the young seals and declined with age. We suppose this may be related to different extents of nutritional stress, hunting success and social factors on summer rookeries. There was no sex effect on hair cortisol in young animals. We observed that hair cortisol concentrations were higher in young animals captured in 2019 compared to seals taken in 2021, with no differences in ice conditions between these years found.
Estimation of the coherently scattering domain size in alloys from neutron diffraction data
Authors: Yerzhanov B. , Bobrikov I. A. , Balagurov A. M.
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the diffraction spectra of the Fe74Al26 alloy was conducted using a high-resolution neutron diffractometer to determine the size distribution of structurally ordered clusters dispersed within the structurally disordered matrix of the alloy. The Scherrer method was generalized for this purpose, based on the analysis of diffraction peak profiles, determining peak widths at heights of 1/5 and 4/5 of the maximum, and assuming the validity of the gamma distribution for cluster sizes (Pielaszek method). A comparison of results obtained using the Scherrer, Williamson–Hall, and Pielaszek methods was carried out, demonstrating good agreement between them. An algorithm for calculating the log-normal distribution function of cluster/particle sizes is proposed. The experimental data were obtained using a time-of-flight neutron diffractometer, and the analysis was performed for two variants of variable scanning: in crystallographic (direct) (d-scale) and reciprocal (H-scale) spaces, with estimates of possible systematic errors. It was concluded that the determined average sizes possess the necessary degree of stability, meaning they weakly depend on the applied variable scanning and the total number of experimental data points.
Influence of vacuum ultraviolet on changes in Fourier-transform infrared spectra, electrical and hydrophobic properties of a composite based on polyimide track membranes filled with silica
Authors: Cherkashina N. I. , Pavlenko V. I. , Ruchii A. Yu. , Domarev S. N. , Forova E. V.
Published: January 2025

Vacuum ultraviolet radiation is a part of ultraviolet radiation with a very short wavelength and is a component of cosmic radiation. Composite materials based on polyimide have great potential for protection against cosmic radiation. The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of vacuum ultraviolet radiation on a polyimide film, a polyimide track membrane and a composite material based on a polyimide track membrane filled with silicon dioxide nanofibers. Mass losses, dielectric properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectra and wettability of the studied samples before and after vacuum ultraviolet irradiation were studied. It was found that the lowest mass losses during vacuum ultraviolet irradiation are observed in a composite material based on a polyimide track membrane filled with SiO2; the dielectric constant of the composite film after vacuum ultraviolet irradiation increased by 65.8%. It was established that the effect of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation on the films under study is accompanied by the destruction of a small amount of the following bonds: C=O, C–O, C–C and C–N. At the same time, vacuum ultraviolet caused the least damage to the developed composite material. Analysis of the contact angle of the studied samples showed that the surface of the polyimide film, polyimide track membrane, composite material remained hydrophilic. No changes were detected in the structure of the film surface.
Estimation of internal charging potential of dielectrics coated with conductive film
Authors: Orlikovskaya N. G. , Zykova E. Yu. , Tatarintsev A. A.
Published: January 2025

The charging potentials of quartz glass coated with a conductive metallic film was evaluated. Estimations were made based on the measured dependence of the intensity of the cathodoluminescent signal on the energy of the incident electron beam. Calculations have shown that when quartz glass coated with a 14 nm thick Au film is irradiated, the charging potential can reach 1.7 kV at an electron energy of 10 keV and 2.7 kV at 15 keV. An estimation of the electric field generating under the surface of the grounded film has shown that the field strength does not exceed 4 × 107 V/cm.
Dependence of the silicon carbide radiation resistance on the irradiation temperature
Authors: Lebedev A. A. , Kozlovski V. V. , Levinshtein M. E. , Davydovskaya K. S. , Kuzmin R. A.
Published: January 2025

The effect of high-temperature electron and proton irradiation on the characteristics of devices based on SiC has been studied. For the study, industrial 4H-SiC integrated Schottky diodes with an n-type base with a blocking voltage of 600, 1200 and 1700 V manufactured by CREE were used. Irradiation was carried out by electrons with an energy of 0.9 MeV and protons with an energy of 15 MeV. It was found that the radiation resistance of SiC Schottky diodes under high-temperature irradiation significantly exceeds the resistance of diodes under irradiation at room temperature. It is shown that this effect arises due to the annealing of compensating radiation defects under high-temperature irradiation. It is shown that this effect arises due to the annealing of compensating radiation defects under high-temperature irradiation. The parameters of radiation defects were determined by the method of non-stationary capacitance spectroscopy. Under high-temperature (“hot”) irradiation, the spectrum of radiation-induced defects introduced into SiC differed significantly from the spectrum of defects introduced at room temperature. The radiation resistance of silicon and silicon carbide is compared. The relatively small difference in the rate of removal of carriers in SiC and Si upon irradiation at room temperature is due to the fact that in SiC, in contrast to Si, there is practically no annealing of primary radiation defects during irradiation.
Determination of the ratio of atoms and molecules in a tellurium beam using a mass spectrometer
Authors: Mikhailov V. I. , Polyak L. E.
Published: January 2025

The work is devoted to clarifying the ratio of atoms and molecules of tellurium vapor in interaction with various metal substrates (copper, nickel, atoms (Te) and molecules (Te2) present in the tellurium vapor phase, in mass spectrometric measurements correspond to ion currents of monomers J(Te+) and dimers — J(Te2+). The work was performed on a molecular beam epitaxy unit with desorption flow control by mass spectrometry and surface condition by fast electron diffraction. A molecular tellurium beam was obtained using a Knudsen type source. In this work, it is shown that the proportion of monomers in the total desorption beam significantly depends on the temperature of the substrate. This dependence corresponds to the dissociation energy of Te2 molecules of the order of 1.18 eV. At high temperatures (900 K), the proportion of Te monomers can reach 85%, and at low temperatures (650 K) — 8%. This circumstance should be taken into account when the composition of the vapor phase from the beam source can affect the processes under study. In particular, in mass spectrometric studies of the interaction of the vapor phase with the surface of a solid, for example, in the process of molecular beam epitaxy of CdTe.
The Role of Molecular Imaging in Predictive Medicine: A Review
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical University, Department of Internal Medicine, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Park Gippem , Annaev Muzaffar ,   Kimyo International University in Tashkent, School of Medicine, 3, M.Ulugbek Street, Tashkent 100077, Uzbekistan, Kim Juyeon ,   Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea, Jin Gyehwan ,   Nambu University, Department of Radiology, 91, Nambudae-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62211, Republic of Korea.
Published: January 2025

Molecular imaging is emerging as a
cornerstone of predictive medicine, offering
advanced diagnostic capabilities that enable early
detection, risk assessment, and personalized
treatment strategies for a range of diseases. Unlike
traditional imaging methods that focus on anatomical
structures, molecular imaging visualizes biochemical
and molecular changes, providing a detailed view of
disease mechanisms in real time. This review
explores the critical role of molecular imaging in
oncology, cardiology, and neurology, highlighting its
potential for identifying biomarkers indicative of
disease risk, including genetic predispositions. By
combining molecular imaging with genomic data and
other predictive tools, clinicians can more effectively
stratify risks and tailor preventive interventions.
Despite challenges such as high costs and the need
for specialized expertise, the integration of molecular
imaging into clinical practice promises to
revolutionize healthcare by enabling timely,
personalized care and potentially reducing long-term
healthcare costs. The future of predictive medicine
lies in further advancements in molecular imaging
technologies, making them integral to the prevention,
early detection, and management of diseases.