bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulations of sea surface reflection for V-band O2 differential absorption radar barometry
Authors: Lin Bing , Mclinden Matthew Walker , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Hu Yongxiang , Privé Nikki , Li Lihua , Harrah Steven , Horgan Kevin , Cai Xia , Carswell Jim
Published: February 2023

This study simulates V-band sea surface reflectance and normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) for sea surface air pressure barometry using a differential absorption radar operating at three spectrally even spaced close frequency bands (65.5, 67.75 and 70.0 GHz) with ± 15° cross-track scanning angle. The reflectance ratios of two neighboring frequency pairs and the ratio of the two ratios or three-channel approach are the focus of this study. Impacts of major sea surface geophysical variables such as sea surface temperature, wind, salinity, whitecap, and incidence angle on these reflection properties are analyzed. The reflection simulation is essentially based on geometric optics of rough sea surface. Simulation shows that NRCS values are sufficiently strong within the scanning angle and sea surface salinity would only introduce minimal variations in the surface reflection. The impact of sea surface reflection variations with sea surface temperature, wind, and whitecaps on sea surface barometry are mitigated when the ratios of frequency-paired radar signals are used. Furthermore, the ratios of a three-channel approach are very close to unity and calibration or compensation for the reflectance ratios may not be needed for sea level pressure retrievals. These results improve our understanding of sea surface reflection variations and would help the system design and development.
Increasing awareness of climate change with immersive virtual reality
Authors: Thoma Stefan P. , Hartmann Matthias , Christen Jonas , Mayer Boris , Mast Fred W. , Weibel David
Published: February 2023

Previous research has shown that immersive virtual reality (VR) is a suitable tool for visualizing the consequences of climate change. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether visualization in VR has a stronger influence on climate change awareness and environmental attitudes compared to traditional media. Furthermore, it was examined how realistic a VR experience has to be in order to have an effect. The VR experience consisted of a model of the Aletsch glacier (Switzerland) melting over the course of 220 years. Explicit measurements (new environmental paradigm NEP, climate change scepticism, and nature relatedness) and an implicit measurement (implicit association test) were collected before and after the VR intervention and compared to three different non-VR control conditions (video, images with text, and plain text). In addition, the VR environment was varied in terms of degrees of realism and sophistication (3 conditions: abstract visualization, less sophisticated realistic visualization, more sophisticated realistic visualization). The six experimental conditions (3 VR conditions, three control conditions) were modeled as mixed effects, with VR versus control used as a fixed effect in a mixed effects modeling framework. Across all six conditions, environmental awareness (NEP) was higher after the participants (N = 142) had been confronted with the glacier melting, while no differences were found for nature relatedness and climate change scepticism before and after the interventions. There was no significant difference between VR and control conditions for any of the four measurements. Nevertheless, contrast analyses revealed that environmental awareness increased significantly only for the VR but not for the control conditions, suggesting that VR is more likely to lead to attitude change. Our results show that exposure to VR environments successfully increased environmental awareness independently of the design choices, suggesting that even abstract and less sophisticated VR environment designs may be sufficient to increase pro-environmental attitudes.
Undertaking rapid evaluations during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from evaluating COVID-19 remote home monitoring services in England
Authors: Walton Holly , Crellin Nadia E. , Sidhu Manbinder S. , Sherlaw-Johnson Chris , Herlitz Lauren , Litchfield Ian , Georghiou Theo , Tomini Sonila M. , Massou Efthalia , Ellins Jo , Sussex Jon , Fulop Naomi J.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Rapid evaluations can offer evidence on innovations in health and social care that can be used to inform fast-moving policy and practise, and support their scale-up according to previous research. However, there are few comprehensive accounts of how to plan and conduct large-scale rapid evaluations, ensure scientific rigour, and achieve stakeholder engagement within compressed timeframes.

Methods

Using a case study of a national mixed-methods rapid evaluation of COVID-19 remote home monitoring services in England, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, this manuscript examines the process of conducting a large-scale rapid evaluation from design to dissemination and impact, and reflects on the key lessons for conducting future large-scale rapid evaluations. In this manuscript, we describe each stage of the rapid evaluation: convening the team (study team and external collaborators), design and planning (scoping, designing protocols, study set up), data collection and analysis, and dissemination.

Results

We reflect on why certain decisions were made and highlight facilitators and challenges. The manuscript concludes with 12 key lessons for conducting large-scale mixed-methods rapid evaluations of healthcare services. We propose that rapid study teams need to: (1) find ways of quickly building trust with external stakeholders, including evidence-users; (2) consider the needs of the rapid evaluation and resources needed; (3) use scoping to ensure the study is highly focused; (4) carefully consider what cannot be completed within a designated timeframe; (5) use structured processes to ensure consistency and rigour; (6) be flexible and responsive to changing needs and circumstances; (7) consider the risks associated with new data collection approaches of quantitative data (and their usability); (8) consider whether it is possible to use aggregated quantitative data, and what that would mean when presenting results, (9) consider using structured processes & layered analysis approaches to rapidly synthesise qualitative findings, (10) consider the balance between speed and the size and skills of the team, (11) ensure all team members know roles and responsibilities and can communicate quickly and clearly; and (12) consider how best to share findings, in discussion with evidence-users, for rapid understanding and use.

Conclusion

These 12 lessons can be used to inform the development and conduct of future rapid evaluations in a range of contexts and settings.
Co-creative research for transitioning toward a fair and sustainable agri-food system in Brussels, Belgium
Authors: Hermesse Julie , Vankeerberghen Audrey , Lohest François , Truyffaut Alice
Published: February 2023

After decades of urbanization and agricultural industrialization, the relationships between cities and their agri-food systems have been profoundly transformed, especially in developed countries. To make agri-food systems more sustainable the pressing need to rethink food-related practices in cities has received momentum in the past 20 years across many European cities. Transdisciplinary and participatory research can generate knowledge and promising solutions to facilitate the transition of urban agri-food systems. This article highlights the contributions of six research projects driven by the notion of “co-creation” research for urban agri-food system transition, using Brussels as the research context (program “Co-Create”). The article outlines the main research foci and characteristics of the six “Co-Create” projects funded by this call, how they are embedded in the broader dynamics and initiatives of Brussels, and the theoretical foundations of the notion of “co-creation” research that sits at the intersection of transdisciplinary and participatory action research. Subsequently the paper illustrates how the six Co-Create project brought together different actors in Brussels including researchers, citizens, associations, and government agencies, that were united with a shared awareness of the need for change of the city's agri-food system. The six research consortia targeted different issues across three aspects of the agri-food system: agricultural production in urban areas, food distribution and marketing, and accessibility and democratization of sustainable food. We critically reflect on some common insights generated by the six projects, and particularly (a) a series of recommendations that were drafted for public authorities and called for the acceleration and strengthening of efforts for urgent changes in the agri-food system of Brussels, and (b) findings that address the epistemological and methodological strengths and limitations of conducting co-creative research processes to facilitate agri-food system transition. We also discuss how the Co-Create projects might have created a historical momentum that has encouraged the placing of the transition of agri-food systems on the political agenda of Brussels, and by identifying future challenges for agri-food system transitions in Belgium.
SEVTAR—A multicenter randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of prophylactic endoluminal placed vacuum sponge for prevention of anastomotic leakage after low rectal resections
Authors: Schiffmann Leif , Becker Matthias , Develing Leendert , Varga-Szabo David , Scheidereiter-Krüger Caroline , Zirngibl Hubert , Seifert Michael , Biermann Lothar , Schlüter Claudia , Tumczak Felicitas , Weimann Arved , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Wallstabe Ingo , Schwandner Frank , Denecke Sandra , Schafmayer Clemens , Kamaleddine Imad , Stier Albrecht , Haegele Katharina , Kindler Michael , Michling Sabine , Horling Ernst-Wilhelm , Denzer Ulrike
Published: February 2023

Background

Low anterior resection for rectal cancer is commonly associated with a diverting stoma. In general, the stoma is closed 3 months after the initial operation. The diverting stoma reduces the rate of anastomotic leakage as well as the severeness of a potential leakage itself. Nevertheless, anastomotic leakage is still a life-threatening complication and might reduce the quality of life in the short and long term. In case of leakage, the construction can be converted into a Hartmann situation or it could be treated by endoscopic vacuum therapy or by leaving the drains. In recent years, endoscopic vacuum therapy has become the treatment of choice in many institutions. In this study, the hypothesis is to be evaluated, if a prophylactic endoscopic vacuum therapy reduces the rate of anastomotic leakage after rectal resections.

Methods

A multicenter parallel group randomized controlled trial is planned in as many as possible centers in Europe. The study aims to recruit 362 analyzable patients with a resection of the rectum combined with a diverting ileostoma. The anastomosis has to be between 2 and 8 cm off the anal verge. Half of these patients receive a sponge for 5 days, and the control group is treated as usual in the participating hospitals. There will be a check for anastomotic leakage after 30 days. Primary end point is the rate of anastomotic leakages. The study will have 60% power to detect a difference of 10%, at a one-sided alpha significance level of 5%, assuming an anastomosis leakage rate of 10%–15%.

Discussion

If the hypothesis proves to be true, anastomosis leakage could be reduced significantly by placing a vacuum sponge over the anastomosis for 5 days.

Trial registration

The trial is registered at DRKS: DRKS00023436. It has been accredited by Onkocert of the German Society of Cancer: ST-D483. The leading Ethics Committee is the Ethics Committee of Rostock University with the registration ID A 2019–0203.
Application of multimodal analgesia combined with opioid-free anesthetics in a non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery bullectomy: A case report
Authors: Zheng Longbin , Zhang Xiaojing , Ma Qing , Qin Weimin , Liang Wenbo , Ren Zhiqiang , Fan Guoxiang , Yin Ning
Published: February 2023

Background

Non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NIVATS) has been increasingly applied worldwide owing to its benefits of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Anesthetic management for patients with asthma should focus on minimizing airway stimulation.

Case description

A 23-year-old male patient with a history of asthma was diagnosed with left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient then underwent left-sided NIVATS bullectomy under general anesthesia with preserved spontaneous breathing. Left thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) with an injection of 0.375% ropivacaine (30 ml) was performed in the 6th paravertebral space under ultrasound guidance. Anesthesia induction commenced until the cold sensation in the surgical area had disappeared. General anesthesia was induced by midazolam, penehyclidine hydrochloride, esketamine, and propofol and then maintained using propofol and esketamine. Surgery commenced after the patient was positioned in the right lateral recumbency. The collapse of the left lung was satisfactory, and the operative field was ensured after artificial pneumothorax. The surgical procedure was uneventful, intraoperative arterial blood gases were within normal ranges, and vital signs were stable. The patient awakened rapidly without any adverse reactions at the end of the surgery and was then transferred to the ward. During the postoperative follow-up, the patient experienced mild pain 48 h after surgery. The patient was discharged from the hospital 2 days postoperatively and developed no nausea, vomiting, or any other complications.

Conclusion

The present case suggests the feasibility of TPVB in combination with non-opioid anesthetics to provide high-quality anesthesia in patients undergoing NIVATS bullectomy.
Remdesivir-induced conduction abnormalities: A molecular model-based explanation
Authors: Kingsley Ryan , Rohlman Christopher , Otto Ashley , Chaudhary Rahul , Phelan David , Kirchoff Robert
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Remdesivir use in COVID-19 is associated with cardiac conduction abnormalities from unclear mechanisms. A proposed mechanism is the bioaccumulation of the intermediate metabolite GS-441524 resulting in exogenous activation of cardiac adenosine A1 due to the structural similarity between adenosine and GS-441524. The prolonged half-life of GS-441524 can result in sustained activation of adenosine A1 receptors. In this study, we used molecular modeling of adenosine, GS-441524 and the adenosine A1 receptor to assess the potential mechanistic association of the proposed mechanism.

Methods: Adenosine and GS-441524 structures were acquired from the PubChem database. Ligand docking was carried out using UCSF Chimera. Models were chosen based on greatest binding affinity and minimum root mean square deviation. Figures of resulting structural models were prepared using UCSF Chimera or PyMOL 2.3.5.

Results: By modeling the interaction between the A1 G protein complex and both adenosine and GS-441524, we found that the proposed mechanism of exogenous A1 receptor activation is feasible based on docking compatibility.

Conclusion: The proposed mechanism of exogenous cardiac A1 receptor activation from bioaccumulation of GS-441524 as a cause of observed cardiac conduction abnormalities with the use of remdesivir in COVID-19 is viable. Further studies are needed to assess causality.
Mind the Large Gap: Novel Algorithm Using Seasonal Decomposition and Elastic Net Regression to Impute Large Intervals of Missing Data in Air Quality Data
Authors: Wijesekara Lakmini , Liyanage Liwan
Published: February 2023

Air quality data sets are widely used in numerous analyses. Missing values are ubiquitous in air quality data sets as the data are collected through sensors. Recovery of missing data is a challenging task in the data preprocessing stage. This task becomes more challenging in time series data as time is an implicit variable that cannot be ignored. Even though existing methods to deal with missing data in time series perform well in situations where the percentage of missing values is relatively low and the gap size is small, their performances are reasonably lower when it comes to large gaps. This paper presents a novel algorithm based on seasonal decomposition and elastic net regression to impute large gaps of time series data when there exist correlated variables. This method outperforms several other existing univariate approaches namely Kalman smoothing on ARIMA models, Kalman smoothing on structural time series models, linear interpolation, and mean imputation in imputing large gaps. However, this is applicable only when there exists one or more correlated variables with the time series with large gaps.
Evaluation of Atmospheric Environmental Regulations: The Case of Thermoelectric Power Plants
Authors: Concha Mateo , Ruz Gonzalo A.
Published: February 2023

In Chile, the concept of sacrifice zones corresponds to those land surfaces in which industrial development was prioritized over the environmental impact that it caused. A high number of industries that emit pollutants into the environment are concentrated in these zones. This paper studies the atmospheric component of the Environmental Impact Declaration and Assessment’s (EID and EIA, respectively) environmental assessment instruments of the thermoelectric power plants in northern Chile, based on their consistency with current environmental quality regulations. We specify concepts on air quality, atmospheric emission regulations, and the critical parameters and factors to be considered when carrying out an environmental impact assessment. Finally, we end by presenting possible alternatives to replace the current methodologies and criteria for atmospheric regulation in areas identified as saturated or of environmental sacrifice, with an emphasis on both population health and an environmental approach.
Variation Characteristics of Pavement Temperature in Winter and Its Nowcasting for Xianyang Airport Expressway, China
Authors: Feng Lei , Tian Hua , Yuan Xiaoyu , Miao Lei , Lin Mingyu
Published: February 2023

Based on the pavement temperature observation data of the transportation meteorological stations along the Xianyang Airport Expressway, China, as well as the datasets of precipitation and sunshine hours obtained from the nearby weather stations, the variation characteristics of local pavement temperatures are investigated for winter in this study. Results indicate that during the daytime, the pavement temperatures are always higher on sunny and cloudy days than those on rainy and snowy days, while during the nighttime, the temperatures on sunny and cloudy days are higher than those on the days with freezing rain and snow, and with the temperatures on rainy and snowy days without icing being further higher. In general, the pavement temperatures in winter features significant periodic oscillations with cycles of roughly 24 h, 12 h, 8 h, 6 h, 5 h and 4 h, which differ slightly at different times for different stations. Moreover, the nowcasting experiments on the local pavement temperatures are also carried out using a regression model via extracting the corresponding periodic features. It shows the mean absolute errors of about 0.6 °C, 1.2 °C, and 1.5 °C for lead times of 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h, respectively. The nowcasting skills are higher on rainy and snowy days, while are inferior on sunny days. For nowcasting cases initialized at nighttime (daytime), the mean absolute errors are 0.4 °C (0.7 °C) and 0.9 °C (1.4 °C) for lead times of 1 h and 2 h. Examinations suggest that the nowcasting system could be well utilized in plain areas of China, whereas it shows relatively larger biases in plateau areas with complex terrain.
Data-Driven Battery Aging Mechanism Analysis and Degradation Pathway Prediction
Authors: Xu Ruilong , Wang Yujie , Chen Zonghai
Published: February 2023

Capacity decline is the focus of traditional battery health estimation as it is a significant external manifestation of battery aging. However, it is difficult to depict the internal aging information in depth. To achieve the goal of deeper online diagnosis and accurate prediction of battery aging, this paper proposes a data-driven battery aging mechanism analysis and degradation pathway prediction approach. Firstly, a non-destructive aging mechanism analysis method based on the open-circuit voltage model is proposed, where the internal aging modes are quantified through the marine predator algorithm. Secondly, through the design of multi-factor and multi-level orthogonal aging experiments, the dominant aging modes and critical aging factors affecting the battery capacity decay at different life phases are determined using statistical analysis methods. Thirdly, a data-driven multi-factor coupled battery aging mechanism prediction model is developed. Specifically, the Transformer network is designed to establish nonlinear relationships between factors and aging modes, and the regression-based data enhancement is performed to enhance the model generalization capability. To enhance the adaptability to variations in aging conditions, the model outputs are set to the increments of the aging modes. Finally, the experimental results verify that the proposed approach can achieve satisfactory performances under different aging conditions.
State Estimation Models of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Battery Management System: Status, Challenges, and Future Trends
Authors: Zhou Long , Lai Xin , Li Bin , Yao Yi , Yuan Ming , Weng Jiahui , Zheng Yuejiu
Published: February 2023

The state estimation technology of lithium-ion batteries is one of the core functions elements of the battery management system (BMS), and it is an academic hotspot related to the functionality and safety of the battery for electric vehicles. This paper comprehensively reviews the research status, technical challenges, and development trends of state estimation of lithium-ion batteries. First, the key issues and technical challenges of battery state estimation are summarized from three aspects of characteristics, models, and algorithms, and the technical challenges in state estimation are deeply analyzed. Second, four typical battery states (state of health, state of charge, state of energy, and state of power) and their joint estimation methods are reviewed, and feasible estimation frameworks are proposed, respectively. Finally, the development trends of state estimation are prospected. Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud networking have further reshaped battery state estimation, bringing new methods to estimate the state of the battery under complex and extreme operating conditions. The research results provide a valuable reference for battery state estimation in the next-generation battery management system.
Current Advances in Nanotechnology for the Next Generation of Sequencing (NGS)
Authors: Bracamonte Angel Guillermo
Published: February 2023

This communication aims at discussing strategies based on developments from nanotechnology focused on the next generation of sequencing (NGS). In this regard, it should be noted that even in the advanced current situation of many techniques and methods accompanied with developments of technology, there are still existing challenges and needs focused on real samples and low concentrations of genomic materials. The approaches discussed/described adopt spectroscopical techniques and new optical setups. PCR bases are introduced to understand the role of non-covalent interactions by discussing about Nobel prizes related to genomic material detection. The review also discusses colorimetric methods, polymeric transducers, fluorescence detection methods, enhanced plasmonic techniques such as metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), semiconductors, and developments in metamaterials. In addition, nano-optics, challenges linked to signal transductions, and how the limitations reported in each technique could be overcome are considered in real samples. Accordingly, this study shows developments where optical active nanoplatforms generate signal detection and transduction with enhanced performances and, in many cases, enhanced signaling from single double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) interactions. Future perspectives on miniaturized instrumentation, chips, and devices aimed at detecting genomic material are analyzed. However, the main concept in this report derives from gained insights into nanochemistry and nano-optics. Such concepts could be incorporated into other higher-sized substrates and experimental and optical setups.
Development and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Food Coatings for Exotic Fruit Preservation
Authors: Zárate-Moreno Juan Camilo , Escobar-Sierra Diana Marcela , Ríos-Estepa Rigoberto
Published: February 2023

Chitosan has gained agro-industrial interest due to its potential applications in food preservation. In this work, chitosan applications for exotic fruit coating, using feijoa as a case of study, were evaluated. For this, we synthetized and characterized chitosan from shrimp shells and tested its performance. Chemical formulations for coating preparation using chitosan were proposed and tested. Mechanical properties, porosity, permeability, and fungal and bactericidal characteristics were used to verify the potential application of the film in the protection of fruits. The results indicated that synthetized chitosan has comparable properties to commercial chitosan (deacetylation degree > 82%), and, for the case of feijoa, the chitosan coating achieved significant reduction of microorganisms and fungal growth (0 UFC/mL for sample 3). Further, membrane permeability allowed oxygen exchange suitable for fruit freshness and natural physiological weight loss, thus delaying oxidative degradation and prolonging shelf-life. Chitosan’s characteristic of a permeable film proved to be a promising alternative for the protection and extension of the freshness of post-harvest exotic fruits.
Case-Based and Quantum Classification for ERP-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces
Authors: Cattan Grégoire H. , Quemy Alexandre
Published: February 2023

Low transfer rates are a major bottleneck for brain–computer interfaces based on electroencephalography (EEG). This problem has led to the development of more robust and accurate classifiers. In this study, we investigated the performance of variational quantum, quantum-enhanced support vector, and hypergraph case-based reasoning classifiers in the binary classification of EEG data from a P300 experiment. On the one hand, quantum classification is a promising technology to reduce computational time and improve learning outcomes. On the other hand, case-based reasoning has an excellent potential to simplify the preprocessing steps of EEG analysis. We found that the balanced training (prediction) accuracy of each of these three classifiers was 56.95 (51.83), 83.17 (50.25), and 71.10% (52.04%), respectively. In addition, case-based reasoning performed significantly lower with a simplified (49.78%) preprocessing pipeline. These results demonstrated that all classifiers were able to learn from the data and that quantum classification of EEG data was implementable; however, more research is required to enable a greater prediction accuracy because none of the classifiers were able to generalize from the data. This could be achieved by improving the configuration of the quantum classifiers (e.g., increasing the number of shots) and increasing the number of trials for hypergraph case-based reasoning classifiers through transfer learning.
Needs and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Patients with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Gosseries Olivia , Schnakers Caroline , Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Martial Charlotte , Aubinet Charlène , Charland-Verville Vanessa , Thibaut Aurore , Annen Jitka , Ledoux Didier , Laureys Steven , Grégoire Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Background. Many patients with severe brain damage may survive and remain in a prolonged disorder of consciousness (PDoC), impacting the quality of life (QoL) and needs of their family caregivers. However, the current literature on the factors influencing these needs is contradictory. We aim to describe the needs, QoL, and emotional distress of caregivers of patients with PDoC. Methods. Questionnaires investigating the importance and satisfaction of six categories of needs (i.e., health information, emotional, instrumental, and professional supports, community support network, and involvement in care), QoL, and emotional distress were completed by the main caregivers of PDoC patients. Results. We analyzed 177 questionnaires. Seventy-nine percent of the needs were considered as important or very important, and 44% were partially met or unmet. The needs for health information and professional support were the most important, while the needs for involvement in care and for health information were the most satisfied. Mean QoL was low and emotional distress high. Variables such as care setting and time since brain injury affected the level of QoL and distress. Conclusion. The needs for health information and professional support should receive particular attention. Given their low QoL and high distress, adequate support structures should be provided to caregivers of PDoC patients.
Experimental Study on Inner Interface Mechanical Properties of the ESDCM Pile with Steel Core
Authors: Bao Hua , Peng Jie , Cheng Zhangjianing , Hong Junqing , Gao Yuan
Published: February 2023

The mechanical property of the pile-core–cement-soil interface is a crucial factor affecting the shaft capacity of the expanded stiffened deep-cement-mixing (ESDCM) pile. The research on the characteristics of the steel-pipe–cement-soil interface is very limited, and the conventional concrete–cement-soil interface research results cannot provide direct guidance for the engineering application of the steel-pipe–cement-soil combination pile. Hence, in this study, we employed a model pile with a steel-pipe–cement-soil combination. By using a confining pressure transfer test and an inner interface shear test, the influence of confining pressure on the inner interface and shear deformation of the inner interface were investigated. The results demonstrated that the lateral confining pressure has almost no effect on the inner interface due to the encapsulation of the soil-cement column. The interface shear experienced four stages: the steel pipe small deformation, which is the extra stage compared to the common concrete–cement-soil combination form; the whole pipe compression; the brittle failure; and the shear-slip stage. The peak shear stress at the interface is 194 kPa, and the corresponding pile core top displacement and core bottom displacement are 5.9 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively. The inner interface bond coefficient is only 0.052, indicating that even the smooth steel pipe can work closely with the cement-soil at a low bonding coefficient. Further optimization of the steel-pipe–cement-soil interface structure can be an essential means to improve the mechanical properties of the pile. When the upper load is transferred downward, it spreads around through the cement-soil, and as the load increases, the load that can finally be transferred to the deep part accounts for a relatively small amount, only about 7%. This work promotes the understanding of the interface mechanical properties of ESDCM piles and guides the application of an ESDCM pile with a steel core in practical engineering.
Natural History of Anal HPV Infection in Women Treated for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Pino Marta del , Matas Isabel , Carrillo Pilar , Martí Cristina , Glickman Ariel , Carreras-Dieguez Núria , Marimon Lorena , Saco Adela , Rakislova Natalia , Torné Aureli , Ordi Jaume
Published: February 2023

Women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL/CIN) are at high risk of anal human papillomavirus HPV infection, and it has also been suggested that self-inoculation of the virus from the anal canal to the cervix could explain HPV recurrence in the cervix after treatment of HSIL/CIN. We aimed to evaluate the bidirectional interactions of HPV infection between these two anatomical sites. We evaluated 68 immunocompetent women undergoing excisional treatment for HSIL/CIN. Immediately before treatment, samples from the anus and the cervix were obtained (baseline anal and cervical HPV status). Cervical HPV clearance after treatment was defined as treatment success. The first follow-up control was scheduled 4–6 months after treatment for cervical and anal samples. High resolution anoscopy (HRA) was performed on patients with persistent anal HPV infections or abnormal anal cytology in the first control. Baseline anal HPV was positive in 42/68 (61.8%) of the women. Anal HPV infection persisted after treatment in 29/68 (42.6%) of the women. One-third of these women (10/29; 34.5%) had HSIL/anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Among women achieving treatment success, cervical HPV in the first control was positive in 34.6% and 17.6% of the patients with positive and negative baseline anal HPV infection, respectively (p = 0.306). In conclusion, patients with persisting anal HPV after HSIL/CIN treatment are at high risk of HSIL/AIN, suggesting that these women would benefit from anal exploration. The study also suggests that women with anal HPV infection treated for HSIL/CIN might be at higher risk of recurrent cervical HPV even after successful treatment.
RNA-Binding Proteins in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gao Yuanhui , Cao Hui , Huang Denggao , Zheng Linlin , Nie Zhenyu , Zhang Shufang
Published: February 2023

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of transcription and translation, with highly dynamic spatio-temporal regulation. They are usually involved in the regulation of RNA splicing, polyadenylation, and mRNA stability and mediate processes such as mRNA localization and translation, thereby affecting the RNA life cycle and causing the production of abnormal protein phenotypes that lead to tumorigenesis and development. Accumulating evidence supports that RBPs play critical roles in vital life processes, such as bladder cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of RBPs in bladder cancer is aimed at addressing the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer and finding new therapies for cancer treatment. This article reviews the effects and mechanisms of several RBPs on bladder cancer and summarizes the different types of RBPs involved in the progression of bladder cancer and the potential molecular mechanisms by which they are regulated, with a view to providing information for basic and clinical researchers.
Association of Telomere Length with Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prognosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pauleck Svenja , Sinnott Jennifer A. , Zheng Yun-Ling , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Viskochil Richard , Haaland Benjamin , Cawthon Richard M. , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Hardikar Sheetal
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer risk and survival have previously been associated with telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and tumor tissue. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched through March 2022. (2) Methods: Relevant studies were identified through database searching following PRISMA guidelines. Risk estimates were extracted from identified studies; meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. (3) Results: Fourteen studies were identified (eight on risk; six on survival) through systematic review. While no association was observed between circulating leukocyte telomere length and the risk of colorectal cancer [overall OR (95% CI) = 1.01 (0.82–1.24)], a worse survival for those with shorter telomeres in leukocytes and longer telomeres in tumor tissues was observed [Quartile1/Quartile2–4 overall HR (95% CI) = 1.41 (0.26–7.59) and 0.82 (0.69–0.98), respectively]. (4) Conclusions: Although there was no association with colorectal cancer risk, a poorer survival was observed among those with shorter leukocyte telomere length. Future larger studies evaluating a potentially non-linear relationship between telomeres and colorectal cancer are needed.
Consolidative Radiotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Bladder Cancer Patients with No Progression and with No More than Five Residual Metastatic Lesions Following First-Line Systemic Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Aboudaram Amélie , Chaltiel Léonor , Pouessel Damien , Graff-Cailleaud Pierre , Benziane-Ouaritini Nicolas , Sargos Paul , Schick Ulrike , Créhange Gilles , Cohen-Jonathan Moyal Elizabeth , Chevreau Christine , Khalifa Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Local consolidative radiotherapy in the treatment of metastatic malignancies has shown promising results in several types of tumors. The objective of this study was to assess consolidative radiotherapy to the bladder and to residual metastases in metastatic urothelial bladder cancer with no progression following first-line systemic therapy. Materials/methods: Patients who received first-line therapy for the treatment of metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (mUBC) and who were progression-free following treatment with no more than five residual metastases were retrospectively identified through the database of four Comprehensive Cancer Centers, between January 2005 and December 2018. Among them, patients who received subsequent definitive radiotherapy (of EQD2Gy > 45Gy) to the bladder and residual metastases were included in the consolidative group (irradiated (IR) group), and the other patients were included in the observation group (NIR group). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined from the start of the first-line chemotherapy using the Kaplan–Meier method. To prevent immortal time bias, a Cox model with time-dependent covariates and 6-month landmark analyses were performed to examine OS and PFS. Results: A total of 91 patients with at least stable disease following first-line therapy and with no more than five residual metastases were analyzed: 51 in the IR group and 40 in the NIR group. Metachronous metastatic disease was more frequent in the NIR group (19% vs. 5%, p = 0.02); the median number of metastases in the IR group vs. in the NIR group was 2 (1–9) vs. 3 (1–5) (p = 0.04) at metastatic presentation, and 1 (0–5) vs. 2 (0–5) (p = 0.18) after completion of chemotherapy (residual lesions), respectively. Two grade 3 toxicities (3.9%) and no grade 4 toxicity were reported in the IR group related to radiotherapy. With a median follow up of 85.9 months (95% IC (36.7; 101.6)), median OS and PFS were 21.7 months (95% IC (17.1; 29.7)) and 11.1 months (95% IC (9.9; 14.1)) for the whole cohort, respectively. In multivariable analysis, consolidative radiotherapy conferred a benefit in both PFS (HR = 0.49, p = 0.007) and OS (HR = 0.47, p = 0.015) in the whole population; in the landmark analysis at 6 months, radiotherapy was associated with improved OS (HR = 0.48, p = 0.026), with a trend for PFS (HR = 0.57, p = 0.082). Conclusion: Consolidative radiotherapy for mUBC patients who have not progressed after first-line therapy and with limited residual disease seems to confer both OS and PFS benefits. The role of consolidative radiotherapy in the context of avelumab maintenance should be addressed prospectively.
Functionalized Hybrid Iron Oxide–Gold Nanoparticles Targeting Membrane Hsp70 Radiosensitize Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by ROS-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Wu Zhiyuan , Stangl Stefan , Hernandez-Schnelzer Alicia , Wang Fei , Hasanzadeh Kafshgari Morteza , Bashiri Dezfouli Ali , Multhoff Gabriele
Published: February 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) a highly aggressive tumor entity with an unfavorable prognosis, is treated by multimodal therapies, including ionizing radiation (IR). Radiation-resistant tumor cells, as well as induced normal tissue toxicity, contribute to the poor clinical outcome of the disease. In this study, we investigated the potential of novel hybrid iron oxide (Fe3O4)-gold (Au) nanoparticles (FeAuNPs) functionalized with the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) tumor-penetrating peptide (TPP) and coupled via a PEG4 linker (TPP-PEG4-FeAuNPs) to improve tumor targeting and uptake of NPs and to break radioresistance in TNBC cell lines 4T1 and MDA-MB-231. Hsp70 is overexpressed in the cytosol and abundantly presented on the cell membrane (mHsp70) of highly aggressive tumor cells, including TNBCs, but not on corresponding normal cells, thus providing a tumor-specific target. The Fe3O4 core of the NPs can serve as a contrast agent enabling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the tumor, and the nanogold shell radiosensitizes tumor cells by the release of secondary electrons (Auger electrons) upon X-ray irradiation. We demonstrated that the accumulation of TPP-PEG4-FeAuNPs into mHsp70-positive TNBC cells was superior to that of non-conjugated FeAuNPs and FeAuNPs functionalized with a non-specific, scrambled peptide (NGL). After a 24 h co-incubation period of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells with TPP-PEG4-FeAuNPs, but not with control hybrid NPs, ionizing irradiation (IR) causes a cell cycle arrest at G2/M and induces DNA double-strand breaks, thus triggering apoptotic cell death. Since the radiosensitizing effect was completely abolished in the presence of the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), we assume that the TPP-PEG4-FeAuNP-induced apoptosis is mediated via an increased production of ROS.
Localization Techniques for Non-Palpable Breast Lesions: Current Status, Knowledge Gaps, and Rationale for the MELODY Study (EUBREAST-4/iBRA-NET, NCT 05559411)
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kühn Thorsten , Masannat Yazan , Rubio Isabel , de Boniface Jana , Ditsch Nina , Karadeniz Cakmak Güldeniz , Karakatsanis Andreas , Dave Rajiv , Hahn Markus , Potter Shelley , Kothari Ashutosh , Gentilini Oreste Davide , Gulluoglu Bahadir M. , Lux Michael Patrick , Smidt Marjolein , Weber Walter Paul , Aktas Sezen Bilge , Krawczyk Natalia , Hartmann Steffi , Di Micco Rosa , Nietz Sarah , Malherbe Francois , Cabioglu Neslihan , Canturk Nuh Zafer , Gasparri Maria Luisa , Murawa Dawid , Harvey James
Published: February 2023

Background: Surgical excision of a non-palpable breast lesion requires a localization step. Among available techniques, wire-guided localization (WGL) is most commonly used. Other techniques (radioactive, magnetic, radar or radiofrequency-based, and intraoperative ultrasound) have been developed in the last two decades with the aim of improving outcomes and logistics. Methods: We performed a systematic review on localization techniques for non-palpable breast cancer. Results: For most techniques, oncological outcomes such as lesion identification and clear margin rate seem either comparable with or better than for WGL, but evidence is limited to small cohort studies for some of the devices. Intraoperative ultrasound is associated with significantly higher negative margin rates in meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Radioactive techniques were studied in several RCTs and are non-inferior to WGL. Smaller studies show higher patient preference towards wire-free localization, but little is known about surgeons’ and radiologists’ attitudes towards these techniques. Conclusions: Large studies with an additional focus on patient, surgeon, and radiologist preference are necessary. This review aims to present the rationale for the MELODY (NCT05559411) study and to enable standardization of outcome measures for future studies.
Robot-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted versus Systematic Prostate Biopsy; Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Petov Vladislav , Azilgareeva Camilla , Shpikina Anastasia , Morozov Andrey , Krupinov German , Kozlov Vasiliy , Singla Nirmish , Gómez Rivas Juan , Jesús Moreno-Sierra , Puliatti Stefano , Checcucci Enrico , Rodler Severin , Belenchon Ines Rivero , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Veccia Alessandro , Mcfarland Jonathan , Cacciamani Giovanni E. , Taratkin Mark , Enikeev Dmitry
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Robot-assisted devices have been recently developed for use in prostate biopsy. However, it is possible advantages over standard biopsy remain unclear. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance and safety of robot-assisted targeted (RA-TB) and systematic prostate biopsies (RA-SB). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE and Scopus databases. The detailed search strategy is available at Prospero (CRD42021269290). The primary outcome was the clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate. The secondary outcomes included the overall detection rate of PCa, cancer detection rate per core, and complications. Results: The clinically significant cancer detection rate, overall cancer detection rate, and “per patient” did not significantly differ between RA-TB and RA-SB [OR = 1.02 (95% CI 0.83; 1.26), p = 0.05, I2 = 62% and OR = 0.95 (95% CI 0.78; 1.17), p = 0.17, I2 = 40%, respectively]. There were no differences in the clinically insignificant cancer detection rate “per patient” between RA-TB and RA-SB [OR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.54; 1.21), p = 0.31, I2 = 0%]. RA-TB had a significantly higher cancer detection rate “per core” [OR = 3.01 (95% CI 2.77; 3.27), p < 0.0001, I2 = 96%]. Conclusion: RA-TB and RA-SB are both technically feasible and have comparable clinical significance and overall PCa detection rates.
AI-Powered Diagnosis of Skin Cancer: A Contemporary Review, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions
Authors: Melarkode Navneet , Srinivasan Kathiravan , Qaisar Saeed Mian , Plawiak Pawel
Published: February 2023

Skin cancer continues to remain one of the major healthcare issues across the globe. If diagnosed early, skin cancer can be treated successfully. While early diagnosis is paramount for an effective cure for cancer, the current process requires the involvement of skin cancer specialists, which makes it an expensive procedure and not easily available and affordable in developing countries. This dearth of skin cancer specialists has given rise to the need to develop automated diagnosis systems. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based methods have been proposed. These systems can assist in the early detection of skin cancer and can consequently lower its morbidity, and, in turn, alleviate the mortality rate associated with it. Machine learning and deep learning are branches of AI that deal with statistical modeling and inference, which progressively learn from data fed into them to predict desired objectives and characteristics. This survey focuses on Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques deployed in the field of skin cancer diagnosis, while maintaining a balance between both techniques. A comparison is made to widely used datasets and prevalent review papers, discussing automated skin cancer diagnosis. The study also discusses the insights and lessons yielded by the prior works. The survey culminates with future direction and scope, which will subsequently help in addressing the challenges faced within automated skin cancer diagnosis.