bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How early is too early? Challenges in ART initiation and engaging in HIV care under Treat All in Rwanda—A qualitative study
Authors: Ross Jonathan , Ingabire Charles , Umwiza Francine , Gasana Josephine , Munyaneza Athanase , Murenzi Gad , Nsanzimana Sabin , Remera Eric , Akiyama Matthew J. , Anastos Kathryn M. , Adedimeji Adebola
Published: May 2021

Introduction

HIV treatment guidelines recommend that all people living with HIV (PLWH) initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after diagnosis (Treat All). As Treat All is more widely implemented, an increasing proportion of PLWH are likely to initiate ART when they are asymptomatic, and they may view the relative benefits and risks of ART differently than those initiating at more advanced disease stages. To date, patient perspectives of initiating care under Treat All in sub-Saharan Africa have not been well described.

Methods

From September 2018 to March 2019, we conducted individual, semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 37 patients receiving HIV care in two health centers in Kigali, Rwanda. Data were analyzed using a mixed deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach to describe perceived barriers to, facilitators of and acceptability of initiating and adhering to ART rapidly under Treat All.

Results

Of 37 participants, 27 were women and the median age was 31 years. Participants described feeling traumatized and overwhelmed by their HIV diagnosis, resulting in difficulty accepting their HIV status. Most were prescribed ART soon after diagnosis, yet fear of lifelong medication and severe side effects in the immediate period after initiating ART led to challenges adhering to therapy. Moreover, because many PLWH initiated ART while healthy, taking medications and attending appointments were visible signals of HIV status and highly stigmatizing. Nonetheless, many participants expressed enthusiasm for Treat All as a program that improved health as well as health equity.

Conclusion

For newly-diagnosed PLWH in Rwanda, initiating ART rapidly under Treat All presents logistical and emotional challenges despite the perceived benefits. Our findings suggest that optimizing early engagement in HIV care under Treat All requires early and ongoing intervention to reduce trauma and stigma, and promote both individual and community benefits of ART.
Risk factors of suicidality among married adults: A cross-sectional survey in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh
Authors: Wadood Abdul , Karim Rezaul , Hussain Abdullah Al Mamun , Rana Masud , Hossain Golam
Published: May 2021

Background

Suicide is a serious public health concern all over the world including Bangladesh. About 9% of the patients admitted with suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) later complete suicide. To understand and prevent suicide, the study of SI and SA is necessary but research in this area is scanty in Bangladesh. Therefore, we studied suicidality (SI and SA) among married adults in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh.

Methods

This was a household cross-sectional study. A total of 708 married adults were selected for this study using a multi-stage random sampling. Suicidality was measured based on two factors: (i) suicidal ideation, and (ii) suicide attempt. Frequency distribution, Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regression model were used in this study according to our objectives.

Results

The prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicidality was 5.8%, 3.4%, and 8.3% respectively among married adults. A multiple binary logistic regression model provided the following risk factors of suicidality: (i) joint family (AOR = 0.310, p<0.01), (ii) ≥26 years of age at the first marriage (AOR = 0.379, p<0.05), (iii) twice or more marriage (AOR = 0.214, p<0.01), (iv) conjugal life of ≥16 years (AOR = 0.410, p<0.05), (v) having no child (AOR = 6.343, p<0.01) and (vi) having 1–2 children (AOR = 6.190, p<0.01), (vii) medical comorbidity (AOR = 0.421, p<0.01), (viii) mental comorbidity (AOR = 0.253, p<0.01), (ix) stress-anxiety (AOR = 0.311, p<0.01), (x) family history of mental disorders (AOR = 0.059, p<0.01), (xi) family history of suicide/suicide attempt (AOR = 0.009, p<0.01), (xii) substance abuse (AOR = 0.065, p<0.01), (xiii) poor relationship with spouse (AOR = 0.209, p<0.01), and (xiv) poor relationship with other family members (AOR = 0.347, p<0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of suicidality is remarkable in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. The government and non-government agencies can use the findings of this study to identify the vulnerable groups and undertake measures for preventing and reducing suicidality.
Natural plant products as potential inhibitors of RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
Authors: Koulgi Shruti , Jani Vinod , Uppuladinne V. N. Mallikarjunachari , Sonavane Uddhavesh , Joshi Rajendra
Published: May 2021

Drug repurposing studies targeting inhibition of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have exhibited the potential effect of small molecules. In the present work a detailed interaction study between the phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants and the RdRP of SARS-CoV-2 has been performed. The top four phytochemicals obtained through molecular docking were, swertiapuniside, cordifolide A, sitoindoside IX, and amarogentin belonging toSwertia chirayita,Tinospora cordifoliaandWithania somnifera. These ligands bound to the RdRP were further studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The principal component analysis of these systems showed significant conformational changes in the finger and thumb subdomain of the RdRP. Hydrogen bonding, salt-bridge and water mediated interactions supported by MM-GBSA free energy of binding revealed strong binding of cordifolide A and sitoindoside IX to RdRP. The ligand-interacting residues belonged to either of the seven conserved motifs of the RdRP. These residues were polar and charged amino acids, namely, ARG 553, ARG 555, ASP 618, ASP 760, ASP 761, GLU 811, and SER 814. The glycosidic moieties of the phytochemicals were observed to form favourable interactions with these residues. Hence, these phytochemicals may hold the potential to act as RdRP inhibitors owing to their stability in binding to the druggable site.
Host microbiota can facilitate pathogen infection
Authors: Stevens Emily J. , Bates Kieran A. , King Kayla C.
Published: May 2021

Animals live in symbiosis with numerous microbe species. While some can protect hosts from infection and benefit host health, components of the microbiota or changes to the microbial landscape have the potential to facilitate infections and worsen disease severity. Pathogens and pathobionts can exploit microbiota metabolites, or can take advantage of a depletion in host defences and changing conditions within a host, to cause opportunistic infection. The microbiota might also favour a more virulent evolutionary trajectory for invading pathogens. In this review, we consider the ways in which a host microbiota contributes to infectious disease throughout the host’s life and potentially across evolutionary time. We further discuss the implications of these negative outcomes for microbiota manipulation and engineering in disease management.
Human DICER helicase domain recruits PKR and modulates its antiviral activity
Authors: Montavon Thomas C. , Baldaccini Morgane , Lefèvre Mathieu , Girardi Erika , Chane-Woon-Ming Béatrice , Messmer Mélanie , Hammann Philippe , Chicher Johana , Pfeffer Sébastien
Published: May 2021

The antiviral innate immune response mainly involves type I interferon (IFN) in mammalian cells. The contribution of the RNA silencing machinery remains to be established, but several recent studies indicate that the ribonuclease DICER can generate viral siRNAs in specific conditions. It has also been proposed that type I IFN and RNA silencing could be mutually exclusive antiviral responses. In order to decipher the implication of DICER during infection of human cells with alphaviruses such as the Sindbis virus and Semliki forest virus, we determined its interactome by proteomics analysis. We show that DICER specifically interacts with several double-stranded RNA binding proteins and RNA helicases during viral infection. In particular, proteins such as DHX9, ADAR-1 and the protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) are enriched with DICER in virus-infected cells. We demonstrate that the helicase domain of DICER is essential for this interaction and that its deletion confers antiviral properties to this protein in an RNAi-independent, PKR-dependent, manner.
Vapor Memory, or, memory in the ruins of history
Authors: Guignion David
Published: May 2021

This article explores vaporwave’s appropriation of the past and future to constitute a (non)-site for the displacement of the present. In doing so, vaporwave – an electronic music genre that samples sights and sounds from 1980s and 1990s popular culture – masquerades itself as a radical project that decentres the subject’s location within the linear matrix of time () and houses the potential to oppose the humanistic territorializations of late capitalism (; ). I argue that these arguments focus too closely on vaporwave’s style and aesthetic dimension without considering its maintenance of various structures of oppression and appropriation indicative of globalized capitalism. The result is a misattribution of transgressive potential to vaporwave that ignores its incredibly conservative undertones. To engage with vaporwave then demands a bifurcation of its outward, rhizomatic veneer and the codes, conventions and axiomatics that underwrite it. I make this argument by drawing upon Jean , , , ) scepticism of any accelerationist and technologist politics of subversion to mount effective sociopolitical change. Additionally, I make use of many feminist and critical race approaches to highlight the affinities between vaporwave’s appropriate style and the logics of late capitalism.
Nostalgic transmediation: A not-so-final fantasy? Ichigo’s Sheet Music online platform as an object network of creative practice
Authors: Barratt-Peacock Ruth , Staite Sophia
Published: May 2021

Using the music of the Final Fantasy game series as our case study, we follow the music through processes of transmediation in two very different contexts: the Netflix series Dad of Light and music transcription forum Ichigo’s Sheet Music. We argue that these examples reveal transmediation acting as a process of ‘emptying’, allowing the music to carry its nostalgic cargo of affect into new relationships and contexts. This study’s theoretical combination of transmediation with Bainbridge’s object networks of social practice frame challenges normative definitions of nostalgia. The phenomenon of ‘emptying’ we identify reveals a function of popular culture nostalgia that differs from the dominant understanding as a triggering of generalized emotional longing for (or the desire to return to) the past. Instead, this article uncovers a nostalgia that is defined by personal and communal creative engagement and highlights the active and social nature of transmediated popular culture nostalgia.
A taste of nostalgia: Memory, culture and the senses in Joanne Harris’s Blackberry Wine (2000)
Authors: Piatti-Farnell Lorna
Published: May 2021

When it comes to food as a cultural entity, its importance as part of our communities of interaction goes well beyond its function as mere physical nourishment. It seems virtually impossible to talk about food and memory without talking about taste and smell. The connection between food, memory and the senses relies on the understanding that particular elements of the past are embedded in our identities and sense of self. Closely related to their food counterparts, drinks have also been at the centre of ongoing scholarly attention. Wine, in particular, has been the focus of debates surrounding notions of taste, provenance, storytelling, branding, habit and memory. As far as both food and drink are concerned, however, the remembrance of the senses – and the sociocultural experiences connected to them – is often shrouded in a layer of nostalgia, which inevitably complicates how we perceive experiences, as either authentic or (re-)constructed. Taking this idea as a point of departure, this article focuses on the connections between the sensorial experience of food and drink and the construction of memories in Joanne Harris’s novel Blackberry Wine (). Specifically, the article explores how Harris portrays the experience of wine-drinking – with a focus on taste, smell and the notion of terroir – as interdependent upon both cultural knowledge and familiar sensorial experiences. The discussion also exposes how these are eventually tacitly (and perhaps inadvertently) connected in the novel to the problem of consumerist exploitation, and how nostalgia is channelled in order to render products desirable to prospective customers.
Preservación del medio natural en los Reales Sitios del entorno de Madrid
Authors: García Rodríguez María del Pilar , Álvarez García Beatriz
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la importancia que los Reales Sitios de la Comunidad de Madrid y de la provincia de Segovia tienen en la preservación de los territorios situados alrededor de sus palacios y que tienen un gran valor ecológico. El interés de los Reales Sitios como patrimonio histórico, artístico y turístico ha sido estudiado por numerosos investigadores; sin embargo, es menos conocida y estudiada su importancia en la conservación del patrimonio natural. Al tener un alto grado de protección ejercen de freno en la expansión urbanística, limitando el sellado del suelo y conservando el medio natural y la diversidad biológica. A pesar de la presión demográfica ejercida por Madrid, con un importante crecimiento de población en los últimos cincuenta años, que ha conducido a una expansión del suelo urbanizado, estos lugares siguen manteniendo gran parte de su espacio natural original. Aun así, el sellado ha fragmentado algunos territorios, por lo que se ha roto la conectividad entre estos Reales Sitios, lo que se observa claramente en las imágenes de satélite.
Análisis espacial de la expansión urbana y la incidencia de las políticas habitacionales en la ciudad de General José de San Martín (Provincia del Chaco, Argentina)
Authors: Meza Julio César , Ramírez Mirta Liliana
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la expansión urbana de la ciudad de General José de San Martín, Provincia del Chaco (Argentina), e identificar la incidencia de los planes habitacionales estatales como uno de los principales elementos de la conformación de áreas de crecimiento horizontal en las ciudades. La investigación centrada especialmente en aspectos tales como la distribución y la cuantificación de las superficies de las nuevas áreas de expansión y de suelo ocupadas por los conjuntos habitacionales tomando el periodo entre los años 1911 y 2017, se basó en la aplicación de Teledetección y el empleo de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), tanto para el análisis espacial como para la representación cartográfica. Las principales fuentes de información han sido las imágenes satelitales de las misiones Landsat 5 y 8, y capas en formato vectorial. Como principal resultado se destaca la expansión de la mancha urbana en el periodo analizado y la incidencia de la ejecución de conjuntos habitacionales del Estado como una de las causas de dicho proceso. De esta manera se pudo generar evidencias respecto al grado de intervención estatal en la configuración del modelo territorial actual de la ciudad.
Desautomatización fraseológica: de la norma a la creatividad
Authors: Llopart Saumell Elisabet
Published: May 2021

Este artículo se propone indagar en la transgresión de la norma que la desautomatización fraseológica supone respecto de las unidades fraseológicas (UF) compartidas por los hablantes de una comunidad lingüística. Mientras las UF forman parte de los usos normales de una lengua, la desautomatización constituye una desviación respecto de estos usos. De todas formas, estas modificaciones están previstas en el sistema de la lengua, de acuerdo con los conceptos de norma y sistema de Coseriu (1952). Además, como la UF desautomatizada se usa para causar unos efectos determinados en el receptor, se emplean estrategias discursivas para asegurar su comprensión. A partir de aquí, se pueden observar algunos patrones que rigen la desautomatización fraseológica y que se basan tanto en el sentido literal de la UF original, como en su carácter idiomático.
Prólogo: Fraseología en la traducción e interpretación en el siglo XXI
Authors: Loureda Lamas Óscar , Recio Ariza M.ª Ángeles
Published: May 2021

Prólogo
The Implementation of the Coaching Approach to Professional The Implementation of the Coaching Approach to Professional Experience (CAPE) Model in Indonesian initial Teacher education: Experience (CAPE) Model in Indonesian initial Teacher education: The Participants’ Perspectives The Participants’ Perspectives
Authors:   Universitas Jambi, Indonesia, Sulistiyo Urip , Rusdi Muhammad ,   Universitas Jambi, Indonesia, Clifton Jennifer ,   Queensland University of Technology, Fehring Heather ,   RMIT University, Jordan Kathy ,   RMIT University
Published: May 2021

Professional experience is considered essential to enable pre-service teachers (PSTs) to implement what they have learned during their initial teacher education (ITE) programto school environments. There are multiple models of professional experience that address the issue of integrating theory and practice. This article reports on findings of the implementation of the Coaching Approach to Professional Experience (CAPE) modelin an ITE program in Jambi University, Indonesia. Using qualitative focus groups, this research focuses on the perceptions of PSTs, a school principal, mentor teachers, teacher educators(lecturer) and a coach regarding the implementation of the CAPE model. The research findings indicate that the role of the coach helped PSTs as they were able to individualise and focus on developing teaching skills. However, several weaknesses were also identified. In adapting the model to Jambi University’s context, the structure of the CAPE model was too general. The coach working with PSTs was not entirely free from her/his teaching duties, thus limiting the PST-coach interactions. This article discusses these findings and concludes by offering recommendations for future adaptions of the CAPE model in Indonesia and beyond.
A Matemática no Curso Preparatório ao Exame de Admissão do Ginásio Pelotense
Authors: Rios Diogo Franco , Santos Mélany Silva dos
Published: May 2021

Apresentamos uma análise sobre as modificações que ocorreram no ensino de Matemática no curso preparatório ao Exame de Admissão ao Ginásio Pelotense, denominado “Curso Admissão”, que existiu na cidade de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul. Expomos permanências e modificações dos conteúdos de Matemática entre 1960 e 1971, a partir de uma análise documental dos diários do Curso Admissão e das prescrições do Programa para os Exames de Admissão (PEA), estabelecido em âmbito nacional, e do Programa Experimental para o Ensino Primário Gaúcho (PEEPG). Entre as conclusões, destaca-se que a Matemática do Curso foi se modificando em função das alterações educacionais, relacionadas ao Primário e ao Secundário, que vinham sendo praticadas à época. Essas modificações, especialmente em relação à segunda metade dos anos de 1960, também podem ser associadas à influência da Matemática Moderna, apesar disso não ter significado uma ruptura completa com os programas estabelecidos nos anos 50.
Como se ensina aritmética? Elementos de uma aritmética para ensinar no manual de Faria de Vasconcelos
Authors: Valente Wagner Rodrigues , Ferreira Jefferson dos Santos
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo são apresentados resultados de uma pesquisa cujo foco tratou da graduação do ensino de aritmética proposta no manual Como se ensina aritmética, de Faria de Vasconcelos. O tema mostrou-se importante tendo em vista as transformações da aritmética a ser ensinada nos primeiros anos escolares em tempos da chamada pedagogia científica. Tal análise foi feita a partir da perspectiva de um referencial teórico-metodológico que leva em conta os saberes profissionais da docência. Como resultados, evidencia-se uma reorganização da aritmética do curso primário sob o impacto da psicologia experimental de base estatística. Tais transformações mostram-se de modo mais explícito na nova graduação do ensino escolar proposta por Faria de Vasconcelos.
Pareceres da Revista Documenta: cursos de formação de professores de Matemática no Brasil (1962 a 1979) em foco
Authors: Martins-Salandim Maria Ednéia , Gomes Letícia Nogueira
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma análise de pedidos de autorização, conversão ou reconhecimento de cursos que formavam professores de Matemática no Brasil, entre 1962 e 1979. Esses pedidos foram feitos por  instituições públicas federais ou privadas e publicados na Revista Documenta. Esta Revista foi publicada mensalmente, entre 1962 e 2006, pelo Conselho Federal de Educação (CFE). A análise aqui em tela é um recorte da pesquisa de Gomes (2019), a qual integra o projeto de ampla envergadura Mapeamento da formação e atuação de professores de Matemática no Brasil, do Grupo História Oral e Educação Matemática (Ghoem). Para analisar esses pareceres Gomes (2019) mobilizou o referencial da Hermenêutica de Profundidade, proposto por Jonh. B. Thompson. Assim, trazemos para o debate acadêmico, intenções declaradas de formar professores, justificativas dos conselheiros, inserções de regiões geográficas no mapeamento e de cursos em sua intenção de ser, ainda que muitos deles não tenham sido criados. Esta é, julgamos, nossa principal contribuição para a História da Educação Matemática.
Avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino médio integrado: análise documental e percepções de estudantes
Authors: Silva Júnior José Davison da , Barbosa Valquíria Farias Bezerra , Oliveira Maria Luana Lopes de
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do texto é compreender a avaliação da aprendizagem a partir das percepções de estudantes do ensino médio integrado. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo  teve como etapas a análise documental e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas examinadas através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Baseado tanto nos documentos estudados, quanto nas pecepções de discentes, observa-se a existência de uma avaliação que tenta superar a concepção tradicional, por meio de práticas formativas. Por outro lado, as avaliações tradicionais, com foco na mensuração e consequente classificação do estudante, ainda persistem no contexto educacional estudado. Conclui-se que são necessárias práticas avaliativas que promovam uma melhor interação entre professor e aluno, com foco na aprendizagem e desenvolvimento do discente.
La modernidad en imágenes – Imaginario de modernidad.
Authors: Montoro Claudia
Published: May 2021

Esta presentación intenta comprender la construcción de la imagen de Santa Fe como ciudad moderna, desde una perspectiva poco frecuente: las revistas culturales, en un momento de indudable protagonismo de estos medios ilustrados en el ámbito local. El análisis histórico de la urbe, a partir de la revisión de estas fuentes, posibilita trabajar la modernidad en imágenes, donde la fotografía como dispositivo que se incorpora a la nueva cultura visual, contribuye a la idealización del paisaje, aportando una nueva mirada sobre la ciudad presente –real– y los proyectos representados a través de planos e ilustraciones, una propuesta sobre la ciudad futura –imaginada–. Mediante el empleo de un método de comparación de fuentes y casos, se ha conseguido el acceso a ciertas imágenes y temas que fueron motivo de debate en el período analizado. Los nuevos edificios institucionales y comerciales, que fueron fundamentales para determinadas gestiones de gobiernos locales, los cambios constantes en la infraestructura o los nuevos espacios públicos que respondieron a demandas sociales y culturales, serán la base fundamental de las representaciones del paisaje santafesino, marcado por un vocabulario que respondía a ese imaginario moderno, que no precisamente coincide con la idea de modernidad arquitectónica, homogénea y canónica que difundían las revistas de arquitectura a lo largo del siglo XX.
La perspectiva de género en los museos: una tarea pendiente.
Authors: García Osorio Rosa Nilda
Published: May 2021

Las exhibiciones museográficas nos ponen «delante de los ojos» un conjunto de objetos entramados, resignificados, en una trama discursiva y en el marco de un montaje. De este modo, activan memorias, las reinscriben en el presente, las actualizan, pero también las soslayan, las silencian, las minimizan. Desde el año 2011 vengo haciéndome eco de muchas autoras y pensando ¿Hay mujeres detrás del «cristal de las vitrinas»? Es decir, ¿estamos representadas en los relatos museográficos? ¿Cómo? ¿Somos agentes de la historia y sus procesos, las mujeres? ¿A qué ámbitos y objetos se asocia la representación femenina? ¿Qué pasa cuando las mujeres estamos ausentes del relato museográfico? La respuesta es simple: sin las mujeres en sus relatos, los museos ofrecen a las/ los visitantes una trama social y genéricamente incompleta. Este trabajo intenta recuperar las distintas acciones curatoriales realizadas en el Museo Etnográfico y Colonial y en el Museo Histórico Provincial vinculadas a la visibilización de las mujeres —desde la perspectiva de género— en los relatos museográficos.
Apuntes sobre la performance del espectador de cine
Authors: Arch Guillermo Hérnan
Published: May 2021

El siguiente es un recorrido histórico por las diferentes formas del visionado de cine desde un punto de vista particular: la posibilidad de detectar las diferentes«performances» que fue adquiriendo el público en ese recorrido, desde un relevamiento general hasta el señalamiento de las particularidades que se dan a nivel local. Esta tarea, de hecho parcial y por eso «apuntes» se plantea como punto de partida para ulteriores desarrollos y tiene como marco teórico la descripción fenomenológica, sobre todo la desarrollada por Merleau-Ponty, aunque no de manera excluyente, ya que de ciertos fenómenos se puede dar cuenta desde otras tradiciones filosóficas, como la teoría crítica de la escuela de Frankfurt.
Recepción y rearticulación de discursos en contextos turísticos en formación.
Authors: Travé-Molero Raul , Nogués-Pedregal Antonio Miguel , Carmona-Zubiri Daniel
Published: May 2021

El estudio (diacrónico) de caso de Portmán (Región de Murcia, España), con su historia de degradación medioambiental y lucha social, ampliamente cubierta por la prensa regional, permite repensar los estudios de recepción comunicativa y analizar los procesos de rearticulación y apropiación discursiva señalando la importancia de las condiciones históricas y sociales de los procesos de recepción. Estos procesos están intrínsecamente relacionados con las matrices culturales locales y las mediaciones significativas presentes en el territorio. Estas, a su vez, no pueden entenderse sin los cambios socioeconómicos que ha sufrido la localidad desde mediados del siglo XX hasta la actualidad.
Los estudios sociales del comer: cultura, gusto y consumo
Authors: Boragnio Aldana
Published: May 2021

Alimentarse es una conducta dirigida a obtener la energía para llevar a cabo las funciones que mantienen el funcionamiento del organismo a la vez que el desarrollo de sus capacidades físico-cognitivas. Sin embargo, el comer se constituye como un complejo sistema de relaciones socioculturales, de cohesión y de conflictividad. Por lo cual, para comprender por qué se come lo que se come debemos situar ese acto alimentario en un contexto, en una sociedad, un tiempo y un espacio determinado. En las ciudades el acceso depende del mercado y del Estado que compete a la producción, disponibilidad, circulación y consumo de alimentos. El presente artículo busca plantear un recorrido teórico a partir de autores que nos permitan centrarnos en los cruces y entramados que se desprenden de la relación entre la comida como hecho cultural, el gusto como sentido organizado y configurado culturalmente y el consumo alimentario en la conformación del comensal actual como objeto de investigación desde los estudios sociales.
Estudio Transversal: Perfil Epidemiológico de Sífilis Notificada en el Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública. Zonas 6 y 7 Ecuador
Authors: Ortiz Segarra José Ignacio , Bedor Jurado Heráclito Euclides , Narváez Riofrío María Cristina , Ortiz Mejía Pedro Fernando , Sanmartín Sagbay Luis Mauricio , Castillo Cabrera María Paz
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Syphilis constitutes a challenge for national and global public health due to the repercussions on human life. The objective of the study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of the cases of syphilis treated in the health system of zones 6 and 7. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of secondary data collected in the form of investigation / notification of syphilis of all people attended and diagnosed by fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests. The inclusion criteria were the clinical and epidemiological data of suspicion for syphilis. The variables analyzed were age, sex, origin, residence and diagnostic tests. Odds Ratio and Chi2 were used for the statistical inference analysis using the Epi info 7.2 programs RESULTS: 72 % of people diagnosed with syphilis are between 20 and 49 years old, 53 % of women. The confirmatory tests were reactive in 75 % of the cases, of which 27 % presented non-reactive serological tests and 77 % without previous tests. The provinces with the highest incidence of cases were Cañar (93 %) and Morona Santiago (87 %). Protective factors were female sex (OR 0.41, 95 % CI 0.25 - 0.68) and residence in the province of Loja (OR 0.21, 95 % CI 0.10 - 0.46) CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cases of syphilis is found in the age group of 20 to 49 years andmale. The protective factors identified in a statistically significant manner were female sex and residence in the province of Loja. It is suggested to develop strategies to expand coverage in people with suspected syphilis, to undertake prevention and health promotion programs.
Estudio Analítico: Prevalencia de Hipotermia y Factores Asociados en el Postoperatorio Inmediato en Cirugía del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca – Ecuador, 2016
Authors: Vicuña Cuji Elizabeth Yadira , Pacheco Sanmartín Patricia Lorena , Sacoto Molina Adrián Marcelo
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Perioperative hypothermia is the decrease in temperature, below 36 °C after surgery that is linked to immediate and late complications. The control of hypothermia reduces morbidity, mortality, and the time of integration of patients to their social and family environment. The objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of inadvertent hypothermia and associated factors in the immediate postoperative period. METHODS: The present is a cross-sectional analytical study, working with male and female patients from 18 to 70 years old, undergoing elective surgeries at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, from May 16 to August 11, 2016. It was evaluated the temperature with an electronic thermometer and the associated variables through a form prepared by the researchers. The statistical programs PSPP 0.10.4 were used for the bivariate and multivariate analysis and EPI INFO 7. RESULTS: Of the 267 patients investigated, 68.5 % developed hypothermia in the immediate postoperative period. General anesthesia increases 1.8 times the risk of developing hypothermia with a statistically significant value, as well as an anesthesia time greater than 60 minutes but with a value of borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with the development of hypothermia are: the use of general anesthesia and the anesthetic exposure time greater than 60 minutes. We recommend taking temperature in patients before, during and after the surgical procedure, to act in a timely manner before the onset of hypothermia.
Estudio Descriptivo: Experiencia en el Manejo Quirúrgico del Cáncer de Pene en el Servicio de Urología del Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo. Enero del 2010 a Diciembre del 2015. Guayaquil – Ecuador
Authors: Pazmiño Palacios Juan Bernardo , Rendón Joniaux Marcos Andrés , Carrera Fernández Jaime Wilfrido , Cabezas Peña Myriam Jazmín , Idrovo Murillo Luis Andrés , Bravo Andrade Adriana Ximena
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Penis cancer worldwide has an incidence of 0.51- 8.3 per 100 000 males. It is treatment can be surgical, conservative or radical, with adjuvant treatment radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The objectives were: to determine histologically the most common type of penile cancer, the place of involvement, and the most used surgical treatment. METHODS: It is a descriptive, retrospective study realized in Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo National Oncological Institute, between the periods of January 2010 to December 2015. Patients with a histopathological diagnosis of penile cancer were included; the variables studied were age, location, presence of lymph nodes, histopathology, recurrence, metastasis and surgery performed; the mean and standard deviation were obtained. For the statistical analysis Excel 2016 and SPSS were used. RESULTS: The patients studied were 58 with penile cancer; it was evidenced, in relation to age, an average of 59 years and standard deviation was obtained +/- 14.74. The lesion was located more frequently in the glans 41 %, followed by a total involvement of the penis with 38 %; in the case of the nodes they were palpable in 24 patients. The most frequent histological type was squamous cell carcinoma 67 %. The most used treatment was subtotal penectomy in 62 %. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent histological type, being located mainly in the glans; the technique most used was subtotal penectomy. It is recommended to pay attention early when there is evidence of a lesion at the level of the penis, the early treatment of these lesions improves the patient's prognosis.
Gastrosquisis en Hospital IESS “Manuel Ygnacio Monteros”. Presentación de caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Cabrera Beltrán Juleisy Mireya , Jimbo Quizhpe Myriam Elizabeth , Mancheno Jiménez Ruth Patricia , Solano Jiménez Susana Beatriz , Auquilla Ocampo Diana Sophia
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis is an anomaly in which abdominal organs are exposed outside the abdominal wall. The global average prevalence is 1.36 for each 10 000 newborns. In Ecuador, according to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC), there is evidence of an increase in the number of hospital discharges with this diagnosis, reaching 52 in 2010, 85 in 2012, and 112 patients in 2015. The aim of this publication is to describe this pathology and expose the importance of prenatal diagnosis to plan prompt surgical intervention for the newborn after birth. CASE REPORT: newborn from a 16-year-old primigravid mother, with no other prenatal history, four ultrasounds were performed during pregnancy in a private health facility, which reported no alterations. At 37.4 weeks of pregnancy, the newborn was delivered by eutocic birth, showing gastroschisis. The patient underwent laparotomy and peritoneostomy at 24 hours of age, delayed closure was scheduled. EVOLUTION: the newborn received comprehensive care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Delayed closure was performed eight days later. He remained hospitalized for 22 days, he received parenteral nutrition and started trophic feeding at 15 days of age; first-line antibiotic therapy was initiated, however due to torpid evolution, he required a change to a broad-spectrum antibiotic. CONCLUSION: gastroschisis can be detected in ultrasound from the twelve week of pregnancy to minimize complications and program the surgical procedure immediately after birth.
Serie de Casos: Intoxicación por Amlodipino
Authors: Ordoñez Troya Carlos Fernando , González Pazmiño Giovanni Paolo , Mora Robles Lupe Nataly , Clavijo Izquierdo María Eduarda
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Drug poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. However, amlodipine poisoning, a widely used dihydropyridine calcium chanel blocker, is not fully documented in Ecuador. Treatment consists of classic measures for shock management and specific measures for this type of intoxication. CASE REPORTS: We present two case reports, both of teenage patients admitted into the pediatric intensive care unit for suicide attempt by taking amlodipine and some other drugs. EVOLUTION: During hospital stay, they presented a different evolutionary course. In both cases vasoactive drugs were needed, dosage was modified according to clinical course. Also in both patients, calcium gluconate was administered along with other support measures described in this paper. Finally, both patients presented a good outcome and were discharged after psychological and psychiatric assessment and follow up. CONCLUSION: The low frequency of amlodipine poisoning and the lack of evidence-based knowledge, constitute it as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Based on our experience, we highlight the importance of early suspicion and prioritizing the use of vasopressors over fluid resuscitation. Additionally, we recommend documenting the exact dose of intake and inquiring about consumption of other drugs to properly classify the severity of the poisoning and stablish the treatment plan. Finally, constant clinical monitoring and support of laboratory tests will guide the conduct.
Review of the effect of sand on the behavior of expansive clayey soils
Authors: Alnmr Ammar , Ray Richard Paul
Published: May 2021

Clayey soils often showed undesirable engineering behavior such as low bearing capacity, swelling and shrinkage characteristics. However, chemical improvement, thermal improvement and improvement by additives like lime, cement and sand offer an efficient technique to overcome the problems resulting from Expansive soils. This paper presents a review of the swelling behavior of sand-clay mixtures as well as the effect of sand on the physical and mechanical characteristics of expansive soils. Results highlight the importance of sand in improving the behavior of expansive soils. Finally, the most important general conclusions about the behavior of expansive soils and suggestions for future researches are highlighted.
Perspectivas y contextos de la prosocialidad y la convivencia
Authors: Otálora-Buitrago Adriana , Hernández Pérez Mauricio , Gómez Irma Yaneth , Páramo Bernal Pablo , Sierra-Puentes Myriam Carmenza , Farfán González Gladis Milena , Vega Saavedra Liliam Marcela , Ramírez Correal Beatriz Helena , Castiblanco Moreno Suelen Emilia , Raigosa Mejía Marisol , Ardila Cubillos Diana Carolina , Garzón-Velandia Diana Camila , Pulido Paola Andrea , Rojas Landinez Leidy Johanna , Santamaria-Uribe Laura Sofía , Carvajal Builes Juan Camilo , Gutiérrez de Piñeres Carolina , Quiroga-Rojas Alice Tatiana , Rojas Daniel , Monroy Catalina , Mendoza Andrea , Manrique Vivian , Montoya Samuel , Sarmiento Leonardo , Martín-Babarro Javier , Rico Revelo Diana , Encinales De La Hoz Santiago , Mendoza Becerra Manuel Andrés , Caicedo Mera Juan Carlos , Aponte Canencio Diego Mauricio , Martínez Cotrina Jorge Ahuin , Barbosa-Camargo María Inés
Published: May 2021

This work presents the findings of different disciplines, methodologies and fields of action of social scientists, in which an intra and extra-disciplinary dialogue is established on coexistence and prosociality. For this reason, the compilation includes complementary references in methods, experiments, correlations, studies of social networks, etc.; concepts, verbiage, executive functions, environmental conditions, cultural aspects; and units of analysis, for example, individual, culture, groups, texts, etc. The chapters present research results carried out in specialized settings both at university and in socially situated contexts. This book is in line with the scientific agenda and the national current challenges such as the educational impacts of the conflict as regards the post-peace agreement with the FARC-EP; the group dynamics of the groups of victims; the conflict associated with urban life, the physical violence against women; the fulfillment of education goals for sustainable development and local governance, among others. Each chapter presents specific recommendations on the findings for scientists and professionals with social interests, as well as open theoretical discussions and future studies. This wealth of scientific and professional voices highlights the central role of research centers, in terms of the type and quality of research and professional performance for the construction of peace culture in Colombia.
Optimizing the growth-associated β-galactosidase production by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri B-14171: experimental design, culture medium volume increase, and cell growth modeling
Authors: Gomes Tatiane Aparecida , Fontana Éliton , Zielinski Acácio Antonio Ferreira , Nogueira Alessandro , Spier Michele Rigon
Published: May 2021

This study reports an optimized culture medium in submerged cultivation to produce β-galactosidase by Lactobacillus reuteri. Four culture medium parameters were optimized (pH, lactose, casein, and inactive beer yeast), and the effect of different volumes of the optimized culture medium on the bioprocess was evaluated regarding β-galactosidase production. Different kinetic models were applied to predict enzymatic production as a function of biomass and substrate. It is the first time that both the effect of increasing the culture medium volume and mathematical modeling on the β-galactosidase production by L. reuteri have been studied. Besides, different bioprocess parameters were calculated based on the experimental data to verify the feasibility of enzymatic production. The achieved enzymatic activity for the optimized culture medium (12.75 g L-1 lactose; 1.88 g L-1 casein; 1.65 g L-1 inactive beer yeast and pH 5.61) resulted in an increase of 4.74-fold compared to the initial activity. Three culture medium volumes (200, 800, and 3,200 mL) were evaluated, and no significant difference was observed on maximum and total productivities (Pm and Pp), as well as on the product formation yield on biomass (YP/X). The Logistic model resulted in a good fit to the experimental data for all tested volumes, and the modified Luedeking-Piret model provided a satisfactory prediction of the enzymatic activity. The optimized culture medium reported in this work is an outstanding alternative to produce β-galactosidase by L. reuteri, which is microbial growth-associated, and the production was not affected by increasing the culture medium volume.
Ácido salicílico atenua o efeito do estresse hídrico na germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cereus jamacaru DC
Authors: Nóbrega Jackson Silva , Nascimento Rodrigo Garcia da Silva , Da Silva Ronimeire Torres , Figueiredo Francisco Romário Andrade , Bezerra Ana Carolina , Lopes Maria de Fátima de Queiroz , Alves Edna Ursulino , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara
Published: May 2021

A escassez hídrica é um problema para a produção agrícola nas regiões semiáridas, de forma que torna-se necessário estudar seus efeitos, assim como medidas para atenuar tais danos na germinação e crescimento inicial das plântulas. Objetivou-se avaliar o ácido salicílico (AS) como atenuador do estresse durante a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Cereus jamacaru. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, sendo cinco potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,8 e -1,2MPa) induzidos por polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000) e cinco doses de AS (0,0; 0,29; 1,0; 1,71 e 2,0 mM L-1). As avaliações realizadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade, tempo médio e velocidade média de germinação, comprimento, massa fresca e seca de plântulas. O estresse hídrico induzido por soluções de PEG 6000 reduz a qualidade e o vigor das sementes de C. jamacaru. A embebição de sementes com AS atenua o efeito déficit hídrico, sendo a dose de 1,71 mM L-1 a mais eficiente para reduzir os danos promovidos pelo estresse hídrico sobre a germinação das sementes de C. jamacaru.
A systematic approach for performing literature reviews in electrical engineering
Authors: Bedenik Graziella , De Carvalho Filho José Gilmar Nunes , Carvalho Elyson Ádan Nunes
Published: May 2021

Bibliographic reviews can be limited when researchers face more specific and new challenges. One rising way to solve this is the systematic review. When performing one, there is a well-defined search, treatment, analysis, and display methodology, which follows the scientific method. In this paper, we propose a systematic review methodology for the electrical engineering field. This kind of methodology allows more objective, concrete, and useful results; bias reduction; and easy reproducibility. For clarification purposes, we provide a case study on sensors, transducers, and actuators for controlled environment agriculture, in which the methodology is applied.
Avaliação da atividade fotoprotetora do extrato aquoso de Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart.) Schauer
Authors: Medeiros Maurício André Campos de , Santos Bernadete , Marques Fernanda Matias Cariri , Leite Maria Francyherla Miguel da Silva , Simões Mylena Medeiros , Anjos Raline Mendonça dos , Brito Júnior Luciano de , Maia Gabriela Lemos de Azevedo , Alves Maria Angélica Sátyro Gomes , Sousa Aleson Pereira de , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de
Published: May 2021

A pele é o maior órgão do corpo e possui diversas funções no organismo: proteção, nutrição, pigmentação e absorção. A exposição frequente aos raios solares causa sérios problemas dermatológicos, que são estimulados pela incidência da radiação ultravioleta. Umas das alternativas para inibir os efeitos dos raios ultravioleta é a utilização de protetor solar. Na estruturação de alternativas que possam produzir efeito fotoprotetor, a utilização de produtos derivados de plantas ganha resultados positivos. O metabolismo secundário de inúmeras plantas produz compostos orgânicos com efeito sinérgico na fotoproteção. Os flavonóides são metabólitos secundários que integram os compostos fenólicos. A espécie Rhaphiodon echinus, conhecida como “bentônica” apresenta flavonoides em sua composição bioquímica. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial fotoprotetor, in vitro, do extrato aquoso de R. echinus. Foi utilizado o extrato aquoso da planta em diferentes concentrações 50, 100, 500 e 1000 μg/mL e realizado varreduras em espectrofotômetro no comprimento de onda de 290 a 320 nm com intervalos de 5 nm a cada 5 minutos. Os resultados foram calculados segundo à equação de Mansur para determinar o fator de proteção solar. O produto apresentou fotoproteção em todas as concentrações avaliadas >6FPS, as concentrações de 500 a 1000 μg / mL obtiveram maior efeito fotoprotetor com >25 FPS. No entanto, torna-se necessário mais estudos fitoquímicos e farmacológicos para melhor elucidar as moléculas presentes nos extratos de R. echinus e sua atividade biológica.