bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How experts’ own inconsistency relates to their confidence and between-expert disagreement
Authors: Litvinova Aleksandra , Kurvers Ralf H. J. M. , Hertwig Ralph , Herzog Stefan M.
Published: June 2022

People routinely rely on experts’ advice to guide their decisions. However, experts are known to make inconsistent judgments when judging the same case twice. Previous research on expert inconsistency has largely focused on individual or situational factors; here we focus directly on the cases themselves. First, using a theoretical model, we study how within-expert inconsistency and confidence are related to how strongly experts agree on a case. Second, we empirically test the model’s predictions in two real-world datasets with a diagnostic ground truth from follow-up research: diagnosticians rating the same mammograms or images of the lower spine twice. Our modeling and empirical analyses converge on the same novel results: The more experts disagree in their initial decisions about a case (i.e., as consensus decreases), the less confident individual experts are in their initial decision—despite not knowing the level of consensus—and the more likely they are to judge that same case differently when facing it again months later, regardless of whether the expert consensus is correct. Our results suggest the following advice when faced with two conflicting decisions from a single expert: In the absence of more predictive cues, choose the more confident decision.
Abnormal thalamocortical connectivity of preterm infants with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone identified with diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Jang Yong Hun , Kim Jinsup , Kim Sangwoo , Lee Kyungmi , Na Jae Yoon , Ahn Ja-Hye , Kim Hyuna , Kim Bung-Nyun , Lee Hyun Ju
Published: June 2022

While thyroid disturbances during perinatal and postnatal periods in preterm infants with congenital hypothyroidism reportedly disrupt neuronal development, no study has considered the effect of thyroid disturbances in premature infants with subclinical hypothyroidism with elevations of thyroid stimulating hormone. We aimed to identify altered fiber integrity from the thalamus to cortices in preterm infants with subclinical hypothyroidism. All preterm infants born were categorized according to thyroid stimulating hormone levels through serial thyroid function tests (36 preterm controls and 29 preterm infants with subclinical hypothyroidism). Diffusion tensor images were acquired to determine differences in thalamocortical fiber lengths between the groups, and cerebral asymmetries were investigated to observe neurodevelopmental changes. Thalamocortical fiber lengths in the subclinical hypothyroidism group were significantly reduced in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, heschl’s gyrus, lingual gyrus, and calcarine cortex (all p < 0.05). According to the asymmetric value in the orbitofrontal regions, there is a left dominance in the subclinical hypothyroidism group contrary to the controls (p = 0.012), and that of the cuneus areas showed significant decreases in the subclinical hypothyroidism group (p = 0.035). These findings could reflect altered neurodevelopment, which could help treatment plans using biomarkers for subclinical hypothyroidism.
Archeochemistry reveals the first steps into modern industrial brewing
Authors: Pieczonka Stefan A. , Zarnkow Martin , Diederich Philippe , Hutzler Mathias , Weber Nadine , Jacob Fritz , Rychlik Michael , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe
Published: June 2022

A historical beer, dated to the German Empire era, was recently found in northern Germany. Its chemical composition represents a unique source of insights into brewing culture of the late nineteenth century when pioneer innovations laid the foundations for industrial brewing. Complementary analytics including metabolomics, microbiological, sensory, and beer attribute analysis revealed its molecular profile and certify the unprecedented good storage condition even after 130 years in the bottle. Comparing its chemical signature to that of four hundred modern brews allowed to describe molecular fingerprints teaching us about technological aspects of historical beer brewing. Several critical production steps such as malting and germ treatment, wort preparation and fermentation, filtration and storage, and compliance with the Bavarian Purity Law left detectable molecular imprints. In addition, the aging process of the drinkable brew could be analyzed on a chemical level and resulted in an unseen diversity of hops- and Maillard-derived compounds. Using this archeochemical forensic approach, the historical production process of a culturally significant beverage could be traced and the ravages of time made visible.
An improved typhoon simulation method based on Latin hypercube sampling method
Authors: Sun Jian-peng , Lv Guan-jun , Ma Xiao-gang
Published: June 2022

In order to further improve the prediction accuracy of typhoon simulation method for extreme wind speed in typhoon prone areas, an improved typhoon simulation method is proposed by introducing the Latin hypercube sampling method into the traditional typhoon simulation method. In this paper, the improved typhoon simulation method is first given a detailed introduction. Then, this method is applied to the prediction of extreme wind speeds under various return periods in Hong Kong. To validate this method, two aspects of analysis is carried out, including correlation analysis among typhoon key parameters and prediction of extreme wind speeds under various return periods. The results show that the correlation coefficients among typhoon key parameters can be maintained satisfactorily with this improved typhoon simulation method. The results show that the improved typhoon simulation method can generate the correlations among all typhoon key parameters satisfactorily. Compared with the traditional typhoon simulation method, the improved typhoon simulation method has higher accuracy in predicting the typhoon extreme wind speed in Hong Kong, increasing by about 8% and 11% respectively at 200 m height and gradient height.
Genetic and morphological identification of filarial worm from Iberian hare in Portugal
Authors: dos Santos F. A. Abade , Duarte M. D. , Carvalho C. L. , Monteiro M. , Carvalho P. , Mendonça P. , Valente P. C. L. G. , Sheikhnejad H. , Waap H. , Gomes J.
Published: June 2022

The Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula and the only hare species found in Portugal, although also being present in some areas of Spain. The reduction of wild hare populations due to several ecological and sanitary factors, has been raising growing concerns in the recent years. Despite different helminth species were already described in Iberian hares in Portugal, to this date, no filarial worms have been identified in this species. Furthermore, only a few studies on lagomorphs’ onchocercid worms are available, referring to other hosts species of hares and/or rabbits. In this study, we describe the presence of filarial worms in the blood vessels of two adult Iberian hares collected in 2019 in continental Portugal. Morphology and sequencing data from the 12S rRNA, coxI, 18S rRNA, myoHC, hsp70 and rbp1 genes, showed that the filaroid species were genetically related with Micipsella numidica. However, the extension of the genetic differences found with M. numidica suggests that the filaroids specimens under study belong to a new species, that we provisionally named Micipsella iberica n. sp.. The body location of this putative new parasite species and its physiological implications indicate that it may constitute a potential menace to the already fragile Iberian hare justifying, therefore, further investigation regarding the morphological characterization, prevalence and real clinical impact of this new parasite in hares.
Smoking and fracture risk in men: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches
Authors: Xu Yingke , Bao Yueyang , Wang Megan , Wu Qing
Published: June 2022

Past studies indicate that men are more likely to smoke and be at higher risk of smoking-related conditions than women. Our research aimed, through meta-analysis, to assess the association between smoking and fracture risk in men. The following databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, WorldCat, and Open Grey, for identifying related studies. A random-effects model was used to pool the confounder-adjusted relative risk (R.R.). Frequentist and Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models were used for the analysis. The heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated in this study. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, smoking is associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture in both the frequentist approach (R.R., 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.22, 1.53) and the Bayesian approach (R.R., 1.36; 95% credible interval: 1.22, 1.54). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analysis (Higgin's I2 = 83%) and Cochran's Q statistic (p < 0.01). A significant association was also observed in multiple pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Similar results were observed in the group containing a large sample size (≥ 10,000 participants), and the group has a small sample size (< 10,000 participants); the pooled R.R was 1.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.41) and 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.37–1.78), respectively. With the Bayesian method, the effect size was 1.23 (95% credible interval, 1.05, 1.45) for the large sample size group and 1.57 (95% credible interval, 1.35, 1.82) for the small sample size group. Smoking is associated with a significant increase in fracture risk for men. Thus, smoking cessation would also greatly reduce fracture risk in all smokers, particularly in men.
Comparison between sand and clay clogging mechanisms of pervious concrete pavement
Authors: Rao Yunkang , Fu Haiying , Yang Tao , Chen Huailin , Zhang Zhe , Ding Haojiang
Published: June 2022

Pervious concrete (PC) pavement has been widely accepted as a green infrastructure but is prone to clogging. This study comparatively investigated sand and clay clogging mechanisms of PC and vertical sediment distributions of sand-clogged and clay-clogged PCs. Clay and three sizes of sand were used to clog PC under two exposure methods (no drying and drying). X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to scan the clogged samples before and after 30 pressure washing cycles. The clogged permeability and permeability after each washing cycle were measured. The clogging patterns of sand depend mainly on sand particle sizes relative to PC pore sizes. The applied fine sand, coarse sand, and medium sand cause easy-passing clogging, surface clogging, and full-depth clogging, respectively. After clay clogging, more than 77% of the total retained clay occurs within the vertical region 24–72 mm below the sample surface; the most clogging (the lowest-permeability layer) occurs at a depth of approximately 48 mm. The dried clay retained within the region 40–120 mm below the surface (especially within the lowest-permeability layer) is hard to wash away because the drying process increases the cohesion of internal clay particles and clay adhesion to the rough, tortuous pore wall of PC. The clogged normalized permeability of 0.154 and permeability recovery ratio of 4.91% in dried clay-clogged samples are lowest among all the samples. However, pressure washing readily washes away the retained undried clay. Accordingly, it is recommended that pressure washing is used to eliminate the clogging effect of dried clay before hot, sunny exposure conditions dry the retained clay. This study provides evidence for developing effective pavement maintenance strategies.
A fine spatial resolution modeling of urban carbon emissions: a case study of Shanghai, China
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Meng Xing , Zhu Peng , Han Ji , Huang Lingfang
Published: June 2022

Quantification of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions (CEs) at fine space and time resolution is a critical need in climate change research and carbon cycle. Quantifying changes in spatiotemporal patterns of urban CEs is important to understand carbon cycle and development carbon reduction strategies. The existing spatial data of CEs have low resolution and cannot distinguish the distribution characteristics of CEs of different emission sectors. This study quantified CEs from 15 types of energy sources, including residential, tertiary, and industrial sectors in Shanghai. Additionally, we mapped the CEs for the three sectors using point of interest data and web crawler technology, which is different from traditional methods. At a resolution of 30 m, the improved CEs data has a higher spatial resolution than existing studies. The spatial distribution of CEs based on this study has higher spatial resolution and more details than that based on traditional methods, and can distinguish the spatial distribution characteristics of different sectors. The results indicated that there was a consistent increase in CEs during 2000–2015, with a low rate of increase during 2009–2015. The intensity of CEs increased significantly in the outskirts of the city, mainly due to industrial transfer. Moreover, intensity of CEs reduced in city center. Technological progress has promoted the improvement of energy efficiency, and there has been a decoupling between the economic development and CEs in the city was observed during in 2000–2015.
Instantaneous synthesis and full characterization of organic–inorganic laccase-cobalt phosphate hybrid nanoflowers
Authors: Vojdanitalab Khashayar , Jafari-Nodoushan Hossein , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Shokri Mahtab , Jahandar Hoda , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2022

A novel approach termed the "concentrated method" was developed for the instant fabrication of laccase@Co3(PO4)2•hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs). The constructed HNFs were obtained by optimizing the concentration of cobalt chloride and phosphate buffer to reach the highest activity recovery. The incorporation of 30 mM CoCl2 and 160 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) resulted in a fast anisotropic growth of the nanomaterials. The purposed method did not involve harsh conditions and prolonged incubation of precursors, as the most reported approaches for the synthesis of HNFs. The catalytic efficiency of the immobilized and free laccase was 460 and 400 M−1S−1, respectively. Also, the enzymatic activity of the prepared biocatalyst was 113% of the free enzyme (0.5 U mL−1). The stability of the synthesized HNFs was enhanced by 400% at pH 6.5–9.5 and the elevated temperatures. The activity of laccase@Co3(PO4)2•HNFs declined to 50% of the initial value after 10 reusability cycles, indicating successful immobilization of the enzyme. Structural studies revealed a 32% increase in the α-helix content after hybridization with cobalt phosphate, which improved the activity and stability of the immobilized laccase. Furthermore, the fabricated HNFs exhibited a considerable ability to remove moxifloxacin as an emerging pollutant. The antibiotic (10 mg L−1) was removed by 24% and 75% after 24 h through adsorption and biodegradation, respectively. This study introduces a new method for synthesizing HNFs, which could be used for the fabrication of efficient biocatalysts, biosensors, and adsorbents for industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications.
Self-rated health, socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults
Authors: Fan Yayun , He Dingliu
Published: June 2022

Our study aims to investigate the association between SRH and all-cause mortality, and to investigate whether the SRH-mortality association varies across different socioeconomic status (SES) groups among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. We used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 11,762 participants for the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to investigate the association between SRH status and subsequent mortality. There were 724 death events occurred. The results were shown that fair/poor SRH participants tend to die than better SRH peers (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12–1.91). The association only occurred in those with rural residency (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.04), those who were literate (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17–2.33), those with above-average household income (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.15–3.29) and those working in agriculture and below (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02–1.88). In conclusion, worse SRH may be a predictor of all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly Chinese, especially in people with rural residency, literacy, above-average household income and working in agriculture and below.
The improved killing of both androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells by etoposide loaded SPIONs coupled with NIR irradiation
Authors: Onbasli K. , Erkısa M. , Demirci G. , Muti A. , Ulukaya E. , Sennaroglu A. , Yagci Acar H.
Published: June 2022

Delivery of etoposide via albumin-coated SPIONs coupled with SPION-based, light-induced mild hyperthermia, improved the killing of prostate cancer cells irrespective of their androgen dependence and provided the lowest IC50 so far.
Synthesis of mixed-valence Cu phthalocyanine/graphene/g-C3N4 ultrathin heterojunctions as efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Kang Shilin , Li Zhijun , Xu Zhikun , Zhang Ziqing , Sun Jianhui , Bian Ji , Bai Linlu , Qu Yang , Jing Liqiang
Published: June 2022

Mixed-valence Cu phthalocyanine/graphene/g-C3N4 ultrathin heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Constant polarization generation metasurface for arbitrarily polarized light
Authors: Sun Zhanshan , Yang Kai , Mao Ruiqi , Lin Yi , An Qiang , Fu Yunqi
Published: June 2022

Polarization generation metasurface that can convert arbitrary polarization to constant polarization.
A pixelated frequency-agile metasurface for broadband terahertz molecular fingerprint sensing
Authors: Sun Lang , Xu Lei , Wang Jiayi , Jiao Yanan , Ma Zenghong , Ma Zhaofu , Chang Chao , Yang Xiao , Wang Ride
Published: June 2022

An ultra-broadband THz fingerprint metasensor is realized by introducing a pixelated frequency-agile metasurface assembling a one-to-many mapping between spatial and spectral information, paving the way to miniaturizing device footprints.
Singular behaviour of atomic ordering in Pt–Co nanocubes starting from core–shell configurations
Authors: Aso Kohei , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Yoshimaru Shotaro , Tran Xuan Quy , Yamauchi Miho , Matsumura Syo , Oshima Yoshifumi
Published: June 2022

After Pt@Co core–shell nanoparticles were annealed under appropriate conditions, L10–PtCo structure was formed near the particle surface.
Spontaneous localized fluid release on swelling fibres
Authors: Van de Velde Pierre , Dervaux Julien , Protière Suzie , Duprat Camille
Published: June 2022

When immersed into a favourable solvent, many fibres, in particular vegetable, wood or animal fibres, will absorb liquid and swell.
Online Computerized Adaptive Tests of Children's Vocabulary Development in English and Mexican Spanish
Authors: Kachergis George , Marchman Virginia A. , Dale Philip S. , Mankewitz Jessica , Frank Michael C.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Measuring the growth of young children's vocabulary is important for researchers seeking to understand language learning as well as for clinicians aiming to identify early deficits. The MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) are parent report instruments that offer a reliable and valid method for measuring early productive and receptive vocabulary across a number of languages. CDI forms typically include hundreds of words, however, and so the burden of completion is significant. We address this limitation by building on previous work using item response theory (IRT) models to create computer adaptive test (CAT) versions of the CDIs. We created CDI-CATs for both comprehension and production vocabulary, for both American English and Mexican Spanish.

Method:

Using a data set of 7,633 English-speaking children ages 12–36 months and 1,692 Spanish-speaking children ages 12–30 months, across three CDI forms (Words & Gestures, Words & Sentences, and CDI-III), we found that a 2-parameter logistic IRT model fits well for a majority of the 680 pooled vocabulary items. We conducted CAT simulations on this data set, assessing simulated tests of varying length (25–400 items).

Results:

Even very short CATs recovered participant abilities very well with little bias across ages. An empirical validation study with
N
= 204 children ages 15–36 months showed a correlation of
r
= .92 between language ability estimated from full CDI versus CDI-CAT forms.

Conclusion:

We provide our item bank along with fitted parameters and other details, offer recommendations for how to construct CDI-CATs in new languages, and suggest when this type of assessment may or may not be appropriate.
Predictors of Speech Severity and Inconsistency Over Time in Children With Token-to-Token Inconsistency
Authors: McNeill Brigid , McIlraith Autumn L. , Macrae Toby , Gath Megan , Gillon Gail
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to describe and explain changes in severity of speech sound disorder (SSD) and token-to-token inconsistency in children with high levels of inconsistency.

Method:

Thirty-nine children (aged 4;6–7;11 [years;months]) with SSDs and high levels of token-to-token inconsistency were assessed every 6 months for 2 years (i.e., five assessment points). Growth modeling was used to assess relations among therapy support, receptive vocabulary, severity, and inconsistency over time.

Results:

Children with the most severe SSDs and highest levels of token-to-token inconsistency showed the smallest improvements in speech accuracy over time. Therapy support did not predict changes in speech accuracy or token-to-token inconsistency over time. Receptive vocabulary (measured at the outset of the study) was also a significant predictor of speech accuracy and inconsistency.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that an immediate start to intervention (rather than a wait-and-see approach) is recommended for children with inconsistent speech error patterns. The results also highlight the value of developing vocabulary knowledge in addition to improving speech accuracy for some children with inconsistent speech production.
Formation of NaCl by radiative association in interstellar environments
Authors: Šimsová-Zámecníková M. , Soldán P. , Gustafsson M.
Published: June 2022

Context. Radiative association is a possible way of sodium chloride (NaCl) formation in interstellar and related environments. Theoretical studies are essential since laboratory experiments are unavailable and difficult to perform.

Aims. The total rate coefficient was calculated for the formation of NaCl by radiative association at 30–750 K.

Methods. We included two contributing processes for the total rate-coefficient computation. One of them takes the nonadiabatic coupling between the two lowest 1Σ+ states, Χ1Σ+ and Β1Σ+, into account. The other one was calculated conventionally as a single channel and started in the continuum of the A1Π state. The individual rate coefficients were calculated from cross sections obtained up to 0.8 eV, which enabled us to calculate the rate coefficients up to 750 K. The cross section was also calculated for a one-state process within the Χ1 Σ+ state.

Results. The nonadiabatic coupling enhances the formation of NaCl by radiative association by two orders of magnitude at about 30 K and by around one order of magnitude at about 750 K. The single-channel process starting in the continuum of the A1 Π state starts to contribute above around 200 K. The one-state transition model, within the Χ1Σ+ state, is not an adequate approximation for collisions in 1Σ+ symmetry. Instead, these collisions are treated in the diabatic representation in the total rate-coefficient calculation.

Conclusions. The calculated total rate-coefficient function at 30–750 K can improve the astrochemical reaction networks for the CRL 2688, IRC+10216, and Orion SrcI environments, where NaCl was detected before.
Discovery of the cyclic C5H radical in TMC-1
Authors: Cabezas C. , Agúndez M. , Fuentetaja R. , Endo Y. , Marcelino N. , Tercero B. , Pardo J. R. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: June 2022

Cyclic C5H (c-C5H), the radical formed by substituting an ethynyl group CCH for the hydrogen atom in thec-C3H radical, has been detected for the first time in the space. Thec-C5H species is an isomer of the well-known linear radicall-C5H and is ∼6 kcal mol−1less stable. A total of 17 rotational transitions were detected for thec-C5H species in TMC-1 within the 31.0–50.3 GHz range using the Yebes 40m radio telescope. We derive a column density of (9.0 ± 0.9) × 1010cm−2forc-C5H. Additionally, we observed 12 lines forl-C5H and derive a column density for it of (1.3 ± 0.3) × 1012cm−2, which results in an abundance ratioc-C5H/l-C5H of 0.069. This is in sharp contrast with the value found for the analogue systemc-C3H/l-C3H, whose ratio is 5.5 in TMC-1. We discuss the formation ofc-C5H and conclude that this radical is probably formed in the reaction of atomic carbon with diacetylene.
Study on the effect of transition process on rotor hovering simulation
Authors: PANG Chao , LI Meng , GAO Zhenghong
Published: June 2022

Hovering is one of important statuses to evaluate the aerodynamic performance of a rotor. With the development of the computer technology and CFD technique, the numerical methods based on the first principle are usually employed to evaluate the hovering performance of the rotor. The transition process will evidently affect the results from the RANS-based numerical simulations in some steady cases for the fixed wing aircrafts, which should be taken into consideration in the design process. But it's not clear whether the transition process would affect the numerical results for the rotor simulation. To provide the reference in designing and evaluating the rotorcraft, the effect of the transition process in the rotor simulation needs to be discussed further. The PSP rotor proposed by NASA is calculated using the in-house solver based on the overset grid in this paper. Simulations are performed with fully turbulent model as well as the transitional model and the results are compared to the experimental data. The results prove the superior ability to simulate the flow around a hovering rotor of the in-house solver. The relative errors of the numerical results are under 5%. The range of the laminar flow on the blade is proportional to the rotor thrust, which causes a higher Figure of Merit in transition simulation than the fully turbulent simulation. The sectional pressure distribution and torque distribution along the blade apparently suffer from the transition process, which doesn't affect the thrust distribution along the blade and the blade vortex wake flow under the rotor disk. An obvious flow separation on the surface of the blade can be observed in the transition simulation compared to the fully turbulent simulation.
Comparative analysis of drag reduction characteristics of two-type riblets based on numerical simulation
Authors: DU Shuya , SANG Weimin , PANG Run
Published: June 2022

Turbulent drag reduction has always been a hot issue in fluid mechanics. Among various turbulent drag reduction methods, riblets has attracted wide attention due to its simple structure and convenient application. In order to investigate the effect of the riblets shape on the drag reduction, the effect of the triangular and trapezoidal riblets on the turbulent boundary layer flow field and drag reduction characteristics has been studied numerically by adopting the CFD method and based on the large eddy simulation (LES). The numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow was conducted by RANS, DES and LES methods respectively, and their results were compared with the results of direct numerical simulation (DNS) to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the large eddy simulation method. According to the experimental results in references, the flow field parameters such as integral statistics, first-order statistics and second-order statistics of the triangular and trapezoidal riblets on the turbulent boundary layer flow fields were compared and analyzed. The drag reduction characteristics of two-type riblets were investigated by studying the variation in physical parameters such as drag reduction rate, time-averaged velocity, root mean square velocity fluctuation, shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy generation and contour of spanwise velocity fluctuation, and it was concluded that the trapezoidal riblets have better drag reduction effect than the triangular riblets under the same dimensionless condition.
A multivariate control chart for monitoring trivariate Poisson processes with spatial correlation
Authors: WU Cang , SI Shubin
Published: June 2022

The multivariate and discrete data are commonly used to monitor product defects and epidemic diseases. It is difficult to model their complex structure and design a suitable control chart to monitor them in the area of statistical process control. To monitor the tri-variate Poisson process, this paper establishes a one-parameter copula function to describe the spatial correlation and designs a control chart based on the log-likelihood ratio test. The Markov chain is employed to approximate the average run length and to measure the performance of the control chart. Simulation results show that the proposed chart is efficient for detecting upward shifts and can achieve better monitoring performances when the target mean shift in control chart design is equal to a true mean shift. Compared with D chart, the proposed chart achieves a better performance when the correlation level is high.
An adaptive threshold of remaining energy based ant colony routing algorithm
Authors: WANG Gong , SUN Mingyang , SUN Huiyang , ZHANG Ye , TENG Ziming
Published: June 2022

Because the node energy distribution among wireless sensor networks is not balanced and their routing algorithm is trapped in local optimal solution, this paper proposes the ant colony routing algorithm for wireless sensor network based on the adaptive residual energy threshold (ATRE-ARA). It introduces the search angle correction pheromone heuristic function to limit the search path and to reduce node energy costs. The residual energy threshold of the node is adaptive; the formula of pheromone increment is improved. The upper and lower limits of pheromone concentration are set; the pheromone updating strategy is optimized, thereby improving the accuracy of pheromone increment and the global optimization capability and balancing the residual energy of nodes in the wireless sensor network. The simulation results show that the ant colony routing algorithm reduces its average energy consumption by 15.12% and 11.68% in two environments and that its optimal path length is shortened by 1.47% and 1.59%, respectively, thus proving that the algorithm can effectively balance the global network energy consumption, improving the capability of the algorithm to search for global optimal solutions and extending the life cycle of the wireless sensor network.
Therapiekonzepte beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Eilsberger Friederike , Kreissl Michael C , Luster Markus , Pfestroff Andreas
Published: June 2022

Die Theranostik über den Natrium-Iodid-Symporter (NIS) bietet bei differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen eine einzigartige Option. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Nuklide weisen eine übereinstimmende Aufnahme und Kinetik auf, sodass der NIS das wichtigste theranostische Target bei dieser Erkrankung darstellt. Radioiodrefraktäre Schilddrüsenkarzinome (RRTC) zeichnen sich durch eine verminderte/fehlende NIS-Expression aus, sodass diese Struktur als theranostisches Ziel entfällt. Auch aufgrund eingeschränkter therapeutischer Optionen gibt es Ansätze, bei RRTC über die Expression von Somatostatinrezeptoren (SSTR) oder das Prostata-spezifische-Membranantigen (PSMA) neue theranostische Targets zu generieren, jedoch lässt die aktuelle Studienlage eine endgültige Bewertung der Erfolgsaussichten noch nicht zu.
30- und 90-Tage-Letalität bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom im Stadium IV in Abhängigkeit der Primärtherapie
Authors: Möller Miriam , Adner Juliane , Schütte Wolfgang , Krüger Marcus
Published: June 2022

Die frühe Letalität nach der Therapieeinleitung bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom im Stadium IV stand bisher selten im Fokus wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten. Die wenige verbleibende Zeit zwischen Diagnosestellung, Therapiebeginn und Todeseintritt sowie die evtl. beeinflussenden Faktoren beschäftigen jedoch Patienten und Behandler in hohem Maße. Entsprechend ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit die 30- und 90-Tage-Letalität nach Einleitung einer First-Line-Therapie zu analysieren und mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf eine frühe Letalität zu eruieren. Hierzu wurden retrospektiv die Daten von 225 Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom im Stadium IV und Behandlung im Lungenkrebszentrum Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau und in der Lungenklinik Ballenstedt im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2017 bis zum 18.05.2020 erfasst. Therapieformen und Patientenmerkmale wurden mittels Häufigkeitsverteilung analysiert und die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeiten durch die Kaplan-Meier-Methode geschätzt. Die Analyse der frühen Letalität aller tumorspezifisch behandelten Patienten brachte zum Zeitpunkt 30 Tage nach Therapiebeginn eine Letalität von 8,5% und nach 90 Tagen eine Rate von 23,5%. Im direkten Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Therapiegruppen fielen die Patienten mit einer Monotherapie mit Checkpointinhibitoren mit einer höheren Letalität auf (16,6% nach 30 Tagen und 44,3% nach 90 Tagen). Hingegen blieb die Letalität der Patienten der anderen Therapiegruppen bei unter 10% nach 30 Tagen und unter 23,3% nach 90 Tagen. Als Prädiktoren für eine höhere frühe Letalität konnten ein schlechter Allgemeinzustand, eine fortgeschrittene Tumorerkrankung, eine Polymetastasierung sowie die positive Raucheranamnese eruiert werden. Dagegen bestand kein relevanter Unterschied der Letalität zwischen den unterschiedlichen Tumorentitäten, dem Geschlecht sowie dem PD-L1- und Mutationsstatus. Mit dieser Analyse konnte eine sehr hohe, mit anderen Untersuchungen vergleichbare frühe Letalität bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom nachgewiesen werden. Relevante Unterschiede zwischen den Therapieformen verdeutlichen die Wichtigkeit einer individuellen Patientenselektion zu den jeweiligen Therapieoptionen und die rasche Entscheidung zu einer Therapieeinleitung.
Implementing Best Practices to Redesign Workflow and Optimize Nursing Documentation in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Lindsay Mary R. , Lytle Kay
Published: June 2022

Background Documentation burden associated with electronic health records (EHR) is well documented in the literature. Usability and functionality of the EHR are considered fragmented and disorganized making it difficult to synthesize clinical information. Few best practices are reported in the literature to support streamlining the configuration of documentation fields to align clinical workflow with EHR data entry elements.

Objective The primary objective was to improve performance, reduce duplication, and remove nonvalue-added tasks by redesigning the patient assessment template in the EHR using best practice approaches.

Methods A quality improvement approach and pre-/postdesign was used to implement and evaluate best approaches to redesign standardized flowsheet documentation workflow. We implemented standards for usability modifications targeting efficiency, reducing redundancy, and improving workflow navigation. The assessment type row was removed; a reassessment section was added to the first three flowsheet rows and documentation practices were revised to document changes from the initial assessment by selecting the corresponding body system from the dropdown menu. Vendor-supplied timestamp data were used to evaluate documentation times. Video motion-time recording was used to capture click and scroll burden, defined as steps in documentation, and was analyzed using the Keystrok Level Model.

Results This study's results included an 18.5% decreased time in the EHR; decrease of 7 to 12% of total time in flowsheets; time savings of 1.5 to 6.5 minutes per reassessment per patient; and a decrease of 88 to 97% in number of steps to perform reassessment documentation.

Conclusion Workflow redesign to improve the usability and functionality decreased documentation time, redundancy, and click burden resulting in improved productivity. The time savings correlate to several hours per 12-hour shift which could be reallocated to value-added patient care activities. Revising documentation practices in alignment with redesign benefits staff by decreasing workload, improving quality, and satisfaction.
Bare Magnetite-Promoted Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids and Subsequent Conversion into Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Kim Seung-Hoi , Cho Hyun-A , Lee Yong-Ki
Published: June 2022

The simple combination of readily available, recoverable, and recyclable magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and an environmentally friendly oxidant (H2O2) induced the effective functional group transformation of arylboronic acids into their corresponding phenols under mild conditions. Moreover, subsequent treatment of the reaction intermediate with appropriate electrophiles was accomplished in a one-pot system, leading to the formation of halophenols and phenolic derivatives.
The Pathway of Female Couples in a Fertility Clinic
Authors: Brandão Pedro , Ceschin Nathan , Gómez Victor Hugo
Published: June 2022

Objective The present study aims to describe the main characteristics of female couples resorting to a fertility clinic, to understand whether these patients have clear previous plans concerning procreation and how they end up completing their family planning, and to briefly describe the main outcomes of the recepción de ovocitos de pareja (ROPA, in the Spanish acronym: in English, reception of partner's oocytes) method.

Methods This is a descriptive retrospective study of the pathway and outcomes of female couples in a fertility clinic during a 2-year period.

Results A total of 129 couples were treated. Only one third of the couples had no condition potentially affecting fertility or advanced age. Most couples were decided to undergo artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization and the majority kept their plans, as opposed to 38% of the couples who decided to the ROPA method (lesbian shared in vitro fertilization) who changed plans. Live birth rates per treatment (including frozen embryo transfers) for artificial insemination, 58% for in vitro fertilization, 80% for treatments with donated oocytes or embryos, and 79% for ROPA. Four in five couples achieved live births.

Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of a thorough medical workup in same-sex couples resorting to assisted reproduction. Despite the higher-than-expected rates of fertility disorders, the outcomes were good. Most couples end up in a single parented method. Furthermore, the results of the ROPA method are reassuring.
Least energy sign-changing solutions for Kirchhoff-type problems with potential well
Authors: Chen Xiao-Ping , Tang Chun-Lei
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we investigate the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions for the Kirchhoff-type problem −a+b∫R3|∇u|2dxΔu+V(x)u=f(u),x∈R3, where a, b > 0 are parameters, V∈C(R3,R), and f∈C(R,R). Under weaker assumptions on V and f, by using variational methods with the aid of a new version of global compactness lemma, we prove that this problem has a least energy sign-changing solution with exactly two nodal domains, and its energy is strictly larger than twice that of least energy solutions.
Structural and electrical properties of thick κ-Ga2O3 grown on GaN/sapphire templates
Authors: Polyakov A. Y. , Nikolaev V. I. , Pechnikov A. I. , Stepanov S. I. , Yakimov E. B. , Scheglov M. P. , Shchemerov I. V. , Vasilev A. A. , Kochkova A. A. , Chernykh A. V. , Chikiryaka A. V. , Pearton S. J.
Published: June 2022

Thick (23 µm) films of κ-Ga2O3 were grown by Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) on GaN/sapphire templates at 630 °C. X-ray analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase κ-Ga2O3 with half-widths of the high-resolution x-ray diffraction (004), (006), and (008) symmetric reflections of 4.5 arc min and asymmetric (027) reflection of 14 arc min. Orthorhombic κ-Ga2O3 polymorph formation was confirmed from analysis of the Kikuchi diffraction pattern in electron backscattering diffraction. Secondary electron imaging indicated a reasonably flat surface morphology with a few (area density ∼103 cm−2) approximately circular (diameter ∼50–100 µm) uncoalesced regions, containing κ-Ga2O3 columns with in-plane dimensions and a height of about 10 µm. Micro-cathodoluminescence (MCL) spectra showed a wide 2–3.5 eV band that could be deconvoluted into narrower bands peaked at 2.59, 2.66, 2.86, and 3.12 eV. Ni Schottky diodes prepared on the films showed good rectification but a high series resistance. The films had a thin near-surface region dominated by Ec − 0.7 eV deep centers and a deeper region (∼2 µm from the surface) dominated by shallow donors with concentrations of ≤1016 cm−3. Photocurrent and photocapacitance spectra showed the presence of deep compensating acceptors with optical ionization energies of ∼1.35 and 2.3 eV, the latter being close to the energy of one of the MCL bands. Deep level transient spectroscopy revealed deep traps with energies near 0.3, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 1 eV from the conduction band edge. The results show the potential of HVPE to grow very thick κ-Ga2O3 on GaN/sapphire templates.
Light absorption enhancement in ultrathin perovskite solar cells using plasmonic light trapping and bionic anti-reflection coating
Authors: Jiang Weiwen , Chen Xi
Published: June 2022

Perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their easy fabrication, low cost, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. To reduce pollution, the absorption layer thickness of perovskite solar cells should be reduced. Moreover, the ultrathin layer can effectively depress the electron–hole recombination in the process of carrier transfer. However, the light absorption of the ultrathin perovskite solar cell is not satisfactory. The promising pathways to design absorption-enhanced ultrathin perovskite solar cells are plasmonic light trapping and anti-reflection coating. In this paper, we propose a design for the light absorption enhancement of ultrathin solar cells with a 100 nm perovskite layer through the integration of plasmonic structure arrays and moth-eye textured anti-reflection coatings. Due to the plasmonic scattering and the antireflection effect, an optimized light absorption enhancement of 41% has been achieved, compared with a 100 nm blank layer. In this case, a silver cylindrical array with a radius of 100 nm, a height of 120 nm, and a coverage of 12% is embedded into the rear-side hole transport layer. Inverted pyramids of the moth-eye textures with a base length of 180 nm and a depth of 125 nm are located on the front surface of the antireflection coating and further improve the perovskite light absorption. The absorbance of the 100 nm layer is dramatically raised to 72.51%, which is comparable to that of a 300 nm perovskite layer (72.86%). The simulation results pave the way for the realization of environmental-friendly and high-performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Characterization of wax appearance temperature of model oils using laser-induced voltage
Authors: Zhang Shanzhe , Sun Xiaorong , Liu Cuiling , Zhang Heyi , Miao Xinyang , Zhao Kun
Published: June 2022

As a component of crude oils, wax plays an important part in the flowability of waxy oils. The deposition of waxes poses a significant challenge in petroleum production. This paper proposes laser-induced voltage (LIV) to measure the wax appearance temperature (WAT). With a decreased temperature, the peak of the LIV signal (VP) decreases with a greater slope until the inflection point (TLIV) after that wax precipitates from the oil. After which, VP changes more slowly. Thus, the TLIV is confirmed as the WAT. Furthermore, the WAT was measured using conventional differential scanning calorimetry, and the results of the two methods are consistent. When a laser irradiates the oil sample, plasma is generated in the liquid due to cascade ionization and multiphoton absorption. The plasma moves based on the effects of an external electric field and generates the LIV. However, temperature changes influence variations in the LIV for waxy oils. In addition, when paraffin precipitates from the oil, it exits as sediment at the bottom of a cuvette, which can impede plasma movement. Therefore, there will be significant differences in the trends before and after WAT. This study demonstrates that LIV offers a way to measure WAT in waxy oils.
Rupture process of the 2021 M7.4 Maduo earthquake and implication for deformation mode of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane in Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yue Han , Shen Zheng-Kang , Zhao Zeyan , Wang Teng , Cao Bonan , Li Zhen , Bao Xuewei , Zhao Li , Song Xiaodong , Ge Zengxi , Ren Chunmei , Lu Weifan , Zhang Yong , Liu-Zeng Jing , Wang Min , Huang Qinghua , Zhou Shiyong , Xue Lian
Published: June 2022

Significance

The Songpan-Ganzi terrane lies in the central-east of the Tibetan Plateau, which was considered a stable block in some tectonic models. Its deformation mode is of crucial importance for understanding the evolutionary history and seismic hazard of the plateau. The recent Maduo earthquake occurred inside the terrane. We resolve a bilateral rupture process with distinct super- and subshear rupture modes for this event. We also find that pervasive folding structures that are aligned by shear deformation in the current Songpan-Ganzi terrane are responsible for the seismic wave anisotropy and shear strain orientation in its upper crust. Its deformation mode can be classified as distributed simple shear, which receives shear loads from side walls and produces internal earthquakes.
Repeated translocation of a supergene underlying rapid sex chromosome turnover in
Takifugu
pufferfish
Authors: Kabir Ahammad , Ieda Risa , Hosoya Sho , Fujikawa Daigaku , Atsumi Kazufumi , Tajima Shota , Nozawa Aoi , Koyama Takashi , Hirase Shotaro , Nakamura Osamu , Kadota Mitsutaka , Nishimura Osamu , Kuraku Shigehiro , Nakamura Yasukazu , Kobayashi Hisato , Toyoda Atsushi , Tasumi Satoshi , Kikuchi Kiyoshi
Published: June 2022

Significance

Although turnover of sex chromosomes is very common in many vertebrate lineages, the transition process is still elusive. We studied the sex-determining region (SDR) of 12 congeneric fish species of
Takifugu
fish that compose an important model for the study of genomics and sex determination. We found that while nine species retained their ancestral SDR, three species had acquired derived SDRs. Although the derived SDRs resided in three different chromosomes, they harbored a shared supergene flanked by two putative transposable elements. The results highlight the underestimated role of a mobile supergene in turnover of sex chromosomes in vertebrates.
Atomic view of the HIV-1 matrix lattice; implications on virus assembly and envelope incorporation
Authors: Samal Alexandra B. , Green Todd J. , Saad Jamil S.
Published: June 2022

Significance

The assembly of immature HIV-1 particles is initiated by targeting of the Gag polyproteins to the plasma membrane (PM). Gag binding to the PM is mediated by the N-terminally myristoylated matrix (myrMA) domain. Formation of a Gag lattice on the PM is obligatory for the assembly of immature HIV-1 and envelope (Env) incorporation. The structure of the myrMA lattice presented here provided insights on the molecular factors that stabilize the lattice and hence favor Env incorporation. Our data support a mechanism for Gag binding to the PM during the assembly of immature particles and upon maturation. These findings advance our understanding of a critical step in HIV-1 assembly.