bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Czaja-Bulsa Grażyna , Bulsa Michał
Published: October 2018

Celiac disease (CD) can only be treated by rigorous life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). The study included 102 mothers and their CD children treated with GFD for at least two years. Frequency and cause of diet failure in children treated at present (54 children) and 10 years ago (48 children) were compared. Dietary adherence was evaluated serologically (tTG), while diet management difficulties were examined by means of a questionnaire. The study shows that one-third of patients fail to follow GFD, more often 10 years ago than now (40% vs. 26%; p < 0.05), mainly children aged 13–18 (54% vs. 40% now; p < 0.05). Younger children (up to 12) are less likely to abandon the diet (27% vs. 8%; p < 0.05). In this age group non-intentional diet failure prevails, while teenagers interrupt their diet intentionally (45% vs. 33%; p = ns (small population of children in this groups)). Currently, the most common causes of teenage diet failure are the absence of symptoms after consuming a small amount of gluten and, even more often, troublesome diet administration. Previously, the absence of peer acceptance prevailed. With this study we found that: 1. In West Pomerania, every fourth CD child does not follow GFD. 2. For years, teenagers have failed to follow GFD due to the absence of symptoms after consuming small amounts of gluten. 3. The incidence of non-intentional failure to follow GFD has significantly decreased over years, which indicates better dietary care.
Achacha (Garcinia humilis) Rind Improves Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: John Oliver , Wanyonyi Stephen , Mouatt Peter , Panchal Sunil , Brown Lindsay
Published: October 2018

Garcinia humilis is a fruit known as achachairú. It is native to South American countries such as Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil, but it is also cultivated as achacha in northern Australia. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals in achacha rind and pulp and to investigate these components as potential treatments for the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Both rind and pulp contain procyanidins and citric acid rather than hydroxycitric acid. Male Wistar rats (8–9 weeks old) were fed with either high-carbohydrate, high-fat, or corn starch diets for 16 weeks. Intervention groups were fed with either diet supplemented with 1.5% G. humilis rind powder or 2.0% G. humilis pulp for the last 8 weeks of the protocol. Rats fed a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet exhibited hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. G. humilis rind decreased systolic blood pressure, diastolic stiffness, left ventricular inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. However, there was no change in glucose tolerance, body weight, or body composition. Therefore, G. humilis rind, usually a food by-product, but not the edible pulp, showed potential cardioprotection with minimal metabolic changes in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
Association of Coffee Consumption with Hearing and Tinnitus Based on a National Population-Based Survey
Authors: Lee Sang-Youp , Jung Gucheol , Jang Myoung-jin , Suh Myung-Whan , Lee Jun Ho , Oh Seung Ha , Park Moo Kyun
Published: October 2018

Coffee is the one of the most common beverages worldwide and has received considerable attention for its beneficial health effects. However, the association of coffee with hearing and tinnitus has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of coffee with hearing and tinnitus based on a national population-based survey. We evaluated hearing and tinnitus data from the 2009–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and their relationship with a coffee consumption survey. All patients underwent a medical interview, physical examination, hearing test, tinnitus questionnaire and nutrition examination. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between coffee and hearing loss or tinnitus. We evaluated 13,448 participants (≥19 years) participants. The frequency of coffee consumption had a statistically significant inverse correlation with bilateral hearing loss in the 40–64 years age group. Daily coffee consumers had 50–70% less hearing loss than rare coffee consumers, which tended to be a dose-dependent relationship. In addition, the frequency of coffee consumption had an inverse correlation with tinnitus in the 19–64 years age group but its association was related with hearing. Brewed coffee had more of an association than instant or canned coffee in the 40–64 years age group. These results suggest a protective effect of coffee on hearing loss and tinnitus.
Effect of Collagen Hydrolysates from Silver Carp Skin (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on Osteoporosis in Chronologically Aged Mice: Increasing Bone Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhang Siqi , Song Hongdong , Li Bo
Published: October 2018

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder in humans and gelatin hydrolysates from mammals have been reported to improve osteoporosis. In this study, 13-month-old mice were used to evaluate the effects of collagen hydrolysates (CHs) from silver carp skin on osteoporosis. No significant differences were observed in mice body weight, spleen or thymus indices after daily intake of antioxidant collagen hydrolysates (ACH; 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) (LACH), 400 mg/kg bw (MACH), 800 mg/kg bw (HACH)), collagenase hydrolyzed collagen hydrolysates (CCH) or proline (400 mg/kg body weight) for eight weeks, respectively. ACH tended to improve bone mineral density, increase bone hydroxyproline content, enhance alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and reduce tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) activity in serum, with significant differences observed between the MACH and model groups (p < 0.05). ACH exerted a better effect on osteoporosis than CCH at the identical dose, whereas proline had no significant effect on repairing osteoporosis compared to the model group. Western blotting results demonstrated that CHs mainly increased bone remodeling by stimulating the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway and improving the interaction between collagen and α2β1 integrin. The results indicated that CHs from fish could be applied to alleviate osteoporosis or treat bone loss.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in BALB/c Mouse Liver upon Primary Infection with DENV1 and Sequential Heterologous Infection with DENV2
Authors: Wickremsinghe Indeevari A. C. , R. M. T. Balasubramaniam Vinod , Mot Y. Yik , Dhanoa Amreeta , S. Hassan Sharifah
Published: October 2018

Dengue virus (DENV) results in 100 million cases of infections and 22,000 deaths per year. Liver involvement, thrombocytopenia, haemorrhage and plasma leakage are characteristic manifestations of severe forms of DENV infection. However, the molecular pathways of DENV infection have not been comprehensively studied compared to the host immunological responses. We performed an in vivo study using the BALB/c mouse model with a modified mRNA differential display methodology (GeneFishingTM) using the annealing control primer (ACP) system to capture differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mice liver upon primary infection with DENV1 and sequential heterologous infection with DENV2. Secondary heterologous infection with DENV2 was carried out at Immunoglobulin IgM and IgG peaks following the primary DENV1 infection with the hope of determining any potential effect antibodies IgM and IgG may have on sequential heterologous infection. 30 DEGs were identified and sequenced across all three treatment groups and they belong to a variety of important pathways such as apoptosis, innate immune response, inflammatory response, metabolic processes and oxidative stress. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in response to viral infection offers valuable knowledge about the dynamic and complex association between host cell and the virus. Furthermore, some DEGs identified support DENV induced liver damage.
Toward a Comprehensive and Efficient Robust Optimization Framework for (Bio)chemical Processes
Authors: Xie Xiangzhong , Schenkendorf René , Krewer Ulrike
Published: October 2018

Model-based design principles have received considerable attention in biotechnology and the chemical industry over the last two decades. However, parameter uncertainties of first-principle models are critical in model-based design and have led to the development of robustification concepts. Various strategies have been introduced to solve the robust optimization problem. Most approaches suffer from either unreasonable computational expense or low approximation accuracy. Moreover, they are not rigorous and do not consider robust optimization problems where parameter correlation and equality constraints exist. In this work, we propose a highly efficient framework for solving robust optimization problems with the so-called point estimation method (PEM). The PEM has a fair trade-off between computational expense and approximation accuracy and can be easily extended to problems of parameter correlations. From a statistical point of view, moment-based methods are used to approximate robust inequality and equality constraints for a robust process design. We also apply a global sensitivity analysis to further simplify robust optimization problems with a large number of uncertain parameters. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework with two case studies: (1) designing a heating/cooling profile for the essential part of a continuous production process; and (2) optimizing the feeding profile for a fed-batch reactor of the penicillin fermentation process. According to the derived results, the proposed framework of robust process design addresses uncertainties adequately and scales well with the number of uncertain parameters. Thus, the described robustification concept should be an ideal candidate for more complex (bio)chemical problems in model-based design.
A Novel Adaptive Signal Processing Method Based on Enhanced Empirical Wavelet Transform Technology
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Zuo Shaoyan , Hou Ming , Liu Wei , Yu Ling , Yang Xinhua , Deng Wu
Published: October 2018

Empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is a novel adaptive signal decomposition method, whose main shortcoming is the fact that Fourier segmentation is strongly dependent on the local maxima of the amplitudes of the Fourier spectrum. An enhanced empirical wavelet transform (MSCEWT) based on maximum-minimum length curve method is proposed to realize fault diagnosis of motor bearings. The maximum-minimum length curve method transforms the original vibration signal spectrum to scale space in order to obtain a set of minimum length curves, and find the maximum length curve value in the set of the minimum length curve values for obtaining the number of the spectrum decomposition intervals. The MSCEWT method is used to decompose the vibration signal into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are processed by Hilbert transform. Then the frequency of each component is extracted by power spectrum and compared with the theoretical value of motor bearing fault feature frequency in order to determine and obtain fault diagnosis result. In order to verify the effectiveness of the MSCEWT method for fault diagnosis, the actual motor bearing vibration signals are selected and the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) methods are selected for comparative analysis in here. The results show that the maximum-minimum length curve method can enhance EWT method and the MSCEWT method can solve the shortcomings of the Fourier spectrum segmentation and can effectively decompose the bearing vibration signal for obtaining less number of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components than the EMD and EEMD methods. It can effectively extract the fault feature frequency of the motor bearing and realize fault diagnosis. Therefore, the study provides a new method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.
A Lightweight Cipher Based on Salsa20 for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices
Authors: Lara Evangelina , Aguilar Leocundo , García Jesús A. , Sanchez Mauricio A.
Published: October 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm envisions a world where everyday things interchange information between each other in a way that allows users to make smarter decisions in a given context. Even though IoT has many advantages, its characteristics make it very vulnerable to security attacks. Ciphers are a security primitive that can prevent some of the attacks; however, the constrained computing and energy resources of IoT devices impede them from implementing current ciphers. This article presents the stream cipher Generador de Bits Pseudo Aleatorios (GBPA) based on Salsa20 cipher, which is part of the eSTREAM project, but designed for resource-constrained IoT devices of Class 0. GBPA has lower program and data memory requirements compared with Salsa20 and lightweight ciphers. These properties allow low-cost resource-constrained IoT devices, 29.5% of the embedded systems in the market, to be able to implement a security service that they are currently incapable of, to preserve the user’s data privacy and protect the system from attacks that could damage it. For the evaluation of its output, three statistical test suites were used: NIST Statistical Test Suite (STS), DIEHARD and EACirc, with good results. The GBPA cipher provides security without having a negative impact on the computing resources of IoT devices.
Deep Learning Cluster Structures for Management Decisions: The Digital CEO
Authors: Serrano Will
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a Deep Learning (DL) Cluster Structure for Management Decisions that emulates the way the brain learns and makes choices by combining different learning algorithms. The proposed model is based on the Random Neural Network (RNN) Reinforcement Learning for fast local decisions and Deep Learning for long-term memory. The Deep Learning Cluster Structure has been applied in the Cognitive Packet Network (CPN) for routing decisions based on Quality of Service (QoS) metrics (Delay, Loss and Bandwidth) and Cyber Security keys (User, Packet and Node) which includes a layer of DL management clusters (QoS, Cyber and CEO) that take the final routing decision based on the inputs from the DL QoS clusters and RNN Reinforcement Learning algorithm. The model has been validated under different network sizes and scenarios. The simulation results are promising; the presented DL Cluster management structure as a mechanism to transmit, learn and make packet routing decisions is a step closer to emulate the way the brain transmits information, learns the environment and takes decisions.
Revisiting the Issues of Access to Higher Education and Social Stratification through the Case of Refugees: A Comparative Study of Spaces of Opportunity for Refugee Students in Germany and England
Authors: Détourbe Marie-Agnès , Goastellec Gaële
Published: October 2018

This paper presents new insights into the relationship between inequality in access to higher education and social stratification through the analytical lens of refugees’ access to high participation systems of higher education (HPS). Taking stock of the growing numbers of refugees and their increasing—yet still marginal—demand for accessing higher education, the paper analyses the specific statuses and rights they are granted, and how they combine in two European Higher Education Area HPS, England and Germany. The comparative analysis draws on the desk-based study of immigration and access to higher education policies and mechanisms for refugees in the two countries. The concept of assemblage is called upon to highlight how complex combinations of asylum, welfare and access to higher education policies lead to differential rights which create different spaces of opportunity for refugees with higher education aspirations. More generally, analysing how these rights intersect allows for a better understanding of inequalities in access to higher education.
Changes in Pain and Nutritional Intake Modulate Ultra-Running Performance: A Case Report
Authors: Best Russ , Barwick Benjamin , Best Alice , Berger Nicolas , Harrison Claire , Wright Matthew , Sparrow Julie
Published: October 2018

Ultra-endurance running provides numerous physiological, psychological, and nutritional challenges to the athlete and supporting practitioners. We describe the changes in physiological status, psychological condition, and nutritional intake over the course of two 100-mile running races, with differing outcomes: non-completion and completion. Athlete perception of pain, freshness, and motivation differed between events, independent of rating of perceived exertion. Our data suggest that the integration of multiple sensations (freshness, motivation, hunger, pain, and thirst) produce performance. Increases in carbohydrate feeding (+5 g·h−1) and protein intake (+0.3 g·kg−1) also likely contributed to successful completion of a 100-mile race, by reducing the fractional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake and satiating hunger, respectively. Nutritional data support the notion that the gut is a trainable, and critical organ with respect to ultra-endurance performance. Finally, we propose future research to investigate the rate at which peak feeding occurs throughout ultra-endurance events, as this may further serve to personalize sports nutrition strategies.
Effect of Nutrient Removal and Resource Recovery on Life Cycle Cost and Environmental Impacts of a Small Scale Water Resource Recovery Facility
Authors: Morelli Ben , Cashman Sarah , Ma Xin , Garland Jay , Turgeon Jason , Fillmore Lauren , Bless Diana , Nye Michael
Published: October 2018

To limit effluent impacts on eutrophication in receiving waterbodies, a small community water resource recovery facility (WRRF) upgraded its conventional activated sludge treatment process for biological nutrient removal, and considered enhanced primary settling and anaerobic digestion (AD) with co-digestion of high strength organic waste (HSOW). The community initiated the resource recovery hub concept with the intention of converting an energy-consuming wastewater treatment plant into a facility that generates energy and nutrients and reuses water. We applied life cycle assessment and life cycle cost assessment to evaluate the net impact of the potential conversion. The upgraded WRRF reduced eutrophication impacts by 40% compared to the legacy system. Other environmental impacts such as global climate change potential (GCCP) and cumulative energy demand (CED) were strongly affected by AD and composting assumptions. The scenario analysis showed that HSOW co-digestion with energy recovery can lead to reductions in GCCP and CED of 7% and 108%, respectively, for the upgraded WRRF (high feedstock-base AD performance scenarios) relative to the legacy system. The cost analysis showed that using the full digester capacity and achieving high digester performance can reduce the life cycle cost of WRRF upgrades by 15% over a 30-year period.
JDriver: Automatic Driver Class Generation for AFL-Based Java Fuzzing Tools
Authors: Huang Zhijian , Wang Yongjun
Published: October 2018

AFL (American Fuzzy Lop) is a powerful fuzzing tool that has discovered hundreds of real-world vulnerabilities. Recent efforts are seen to port AFL to a fuzzing Java program and have shown to be effective in Java testing. However, these tools require humans to write driver classes, which is not plausible for testing large-scale software. In addition, AFL generates files as input, making it limited for testing methods that process files. In this paper, we present JDriver, an automatic driver class generation framework for AFL-based fuzzing tools, which can build driver code for methods’ processing files as well as ordinary methods not processing files. Our approach consists of three parts: a dependency-analysis based method to generate method sequences that are able to change the instance’s status so as to exercise more paths, a knowledge assisted method to make instance for the method sequences, and an input-file oriented driver class assembling method to handle the method parameters for ordinary methods. We evaluate JDriver on commons-imaging, a widely used image library provided by the Apache organization. JDriver has successfully generated 149 helper methods which can be used to make instances for 110 classes. Moreover, 99 driver classes are built to cover 422 methods.
Preparation of TiO2-Poly(3-Chloro-2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate) Nanocomposite for Selective Adsorption and Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Hossan M. Shamim , Ochiai Bungo
Published: October 2018

We report a new nanocomposite TiO2-poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (TiO2-PCHPMA) for selective adsorption/degradation of cationic dyes and degradation of anionic dyes. TiO2-PCHPMA was prepared by free radical polymerization of CHPMA in the presence of TiO2 modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. TiO2-PCHPMA adsorbed cationic methylene blue (MB), but did not adsorb anionic methyl orange (MO) in their aqueous solutions. The adsorption efficiency for MB reached 99% within 5 min at 28 °C, and adsorbed MB could be recycled in 96% efficiency. The adsorption accelerated degradation of MB under UV irradiation. The degradation of anionic MO proceeded completely with TiO2-PCHPMA under UV irradiation, and the efficiency was not affected by the PCHPMA layer. TiO2-PCHPMA is potentially applicable as a material capable of selective removal and recovery of cationic dyes, and degradation of other dyes from industrial effluents.
“Farewell to the God of Plague”: The Importance of Political Commitment Towards the Elimination of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Chen Jin , Xu Jing , Bergquist Robert , Li Shi-Zhu , Zhou Xiao-Nong
Published: October 2018

Schistosomiasis control in China has always been conducted with strong political leadership and support at the highest level of government [1] [...]
The Characterization of Immunoprotection Induced by a cDNA Clone Derived from the Attenuated Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strain
Authors: Kao Chi-Fei , Chiou Hue-Ying , Chang Yen-Chen , Hsueh Cheng-Shun , Jeng Chian-Ren , Tsai Pei-Shiue , Cheng Ivan-Chen , Pang Victor Fei , Chang Hui-Wen
Published: October 2018

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) poses a great threat to the global swine industries and the unreliable protection induced by the currently available vaccines remains a major challenge. We previously generated a genogroup 2b (G2b) PEDV Taiwan Pintung 52 (PEDVPT) strain, PEDVPT-P96, and determined its promising host immune response against the virulent PEDVPT-P5 strain. To study the attenuation determinants of PEDVPT-P96 and establish a PEDVPT-P96-based recombinant vector as a vaccine platform for further antigenicity modification, iPEDVPT-P96, a full-length cDNA clone of PEDVPT-P96, was established. Comparing to the parental PEDVPT-P96 virus, the iPEDVPT-P96 virus showed efficient replication kinetics with a delayed decline of viral load and similar but much more uniform plaque sizes in Vero cells. In the 5-week-old piglet model, fecal viral shedding was observed in the PEDVPT-P96-inoculated piglets, whereas those inoculated with iPEDVPT-P96 showed neither detectable fecal viral shedding nor PEDV-associated clinical signs. Moreover, inoculation with iPEDVPT-P96 elicited comparable levels of anti-PEDV specific plasma IgG and fecal/salivary IgA, neutralizing antibody titers, and similar but less effective immunoprotection against the virulent PEDVPT-P5 challenge compared to the parental PEDVPT-P96. In the present study, an infectious cDNA clone of an attenuated G2b PEDV strain was successfully generated for the first time, and the in vitro and in vivo data indicate that iPEDVPT-P96 is further attenuated but remains immunogenic compared to its parental PEDVPT-P96 viral stock. The successful development of the iPEDVPT-P96 cDNA clone could allow for the manipulation of the viral genome to study viral pathogenesis and facilitate the rapid development of effective vaccines.
Impact of Mixed Equine Influenza Vaccination on Correlate of Protection in Horses
Authors: Dilai Mohamed , Piro Mohammed , El Harrak Mehdi , Fougerolle Stéphanie , Dehhaoui Mohammed , Dikrallah Asmaa , Legrand Loïc , Paillot Romain , Fassi Fihri Ouafaa
Published: October 2018

To evaluate the humoral immune response to mixed Equine Influenza vaccination, a common practice in the field, an experimental study was carried out on 42 unvaccinated thoroughbred weanling foals divided into six groups of seven. Three groups were vaccinated using a non-mixed protocol (Equilis® Prequenza-Te, Proteqflu-Te® or Calvenza-03®) and three other groups were vaccinated using a mix of the three vaccines mentioned previously. Each weanling underwent a primary EI vaccination schedule composed of two primary immunisations (V1 and V2) four weeks apart followed by a third boost immunisation (V3) six months later. Antibody responses were monitored until one-year post-V3 by single radial haemolysis (SRH). The results showed similar antibody responses for all groups using mixed EI vaccination and the group exclusively vaccinated with Equilis® Prequenza-TE, which were significantly higher than the other two groups vaccinated with Proteqflu-TE® and Calvenza-03®. All weanlings (100%) failed to seroconvert after V1 and 21% (9/42) still had low or no SRH antibody titres two weeks post-V2. All weanlings had seroconverted and exceeded the clinical protection threshold one month after V3. The poor response to vaccination was primarily observed in groups exclusively vaccinated with Proteqflu-Te® and Calvenza-03®. A large window of susceptibility (3–4.5-month duration) usually called immunity gap was observed after V2 and prior to V3 for all groups. The SRH antibody level was maintained above the clinical protection threshold for three months post-V3 for the groups exclusively vaccinated with Proteqflu-Te® and Calvenza-03®, and six months to one year for groups using mixed EI vaccination or exclusively vaccinated with Equilis® Prequenza-Te. This study demonstrates for the first time that the mix of EI vaccines during the primary vaccination schedule has no detrimental impact on the correlate of protection against EIV infection.
Explication de la présence de cristallites basiques dans les verres acides
Authors: Brousse Robert
Published: October 2018

Les cristallites basiques ne doivent pas être considérés comme des produits de dévitrification car, on peut montrer, qu'ils ont été formés par des ions expulsés hors du magma volcanique, encore à l'état fondu, de manière que ce dernier puisse avoir une composition qui convienne à la formation d'un verre.
Notations des macles à l'aide du symbolisme des groupes de couleurs de Choubnikov
Authors: Curien Hubert , Le Corre Yves
Published: October 2018

Les groupes de couleurs décrits par Choubnikov fournissent un symbolisme précis et complet pour les macles par mériédrie et mériédrie réticulaire. Les éléments de symétrie blanc-noir représentent alors les éléments de macle qui font passer d'un individu cristallin (blanc) à l'autre (noir). Le symbolisme des macles par pseudosymétrie et, en particulier, par changement de phase, nécessiterait l'emploi de groupes de Choubnikov généralisés à un plus grand nombre de couleurs.
Propagation de la chaleur dans les roches autour d'une source chaude sphérique
Authors: Laffitte Pierre
Published: October 2018

Étude de la propagation de la chaleur autour d'une source de chaleur de forme sphérique, enfouie dans une roche homogène ; suivie d'une critique de la transposition de certains schémas théoriques à des phénomènes géologiques.
Le zonage des plagioclases dans les estérellites du massif de l'Esterel (Var)
Authors: Quin Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2018

Étude détaillée et recherche de la signification pétrogénétique du zonage des plagioclases, dans les différentes variétés d'estérellite de la région du Drammont (Var). On montre que le mode de zonage des plagioclases n'a aucun rapport avec la nature pétrographique des différentes variétés d'estérellite, mais que, par contre, chaque laccolite a son type de zonage particulier. Le zonage est donc uniquement dans la dépendance des dimensions des laccolites. Par ailleurs, les observations montrent qu'il existe une différence dans le mode de corrosion des zones, de part et d'autre de la valeur de 63 % An.
La découverte tunisoise du Coran par un chrétien (1977-1980)
Authors: Sarocchi Jean
Published: October 2018

Un chrétien découvre la langue arabe, entre peu à peu dans la langue du Coran et réagit positivement ou négativement à sa lecture des Sourates. Cette lecture est animée par le souci d'entrer en un vrai dialogue, bien informé, avec les membres tunisois du Groupe de Recherches Islamo-Chrétien (GRIC).
La littérature maghrébine francophone, ou la parole en voyage
Authors: Bonn Charles
Published: October 2018

Le voyage, comme traversée de territoires culturels multipliée à l'infini est devenu le moteur le plus puissant d'une écriture romanesque maghrébine actuelle qui assume enfin l'ubiquité de son lieu d'énonciation, laquelle n'est autre que celle-là même du genre romanesque. Ainsi se manifeste peut-être aussi l'absurdité du concept même du roman maghrébin. La traversée du sens qu'est toute écriture n'a plus ni point de départ, ni point d'arrivée. Le sens ne peut être enclos, comme le roman maghrébin ne peut l'être, pas même sous ce titre générique inadéquat.
Les privilèges du bilinguisme
Authors: Laâbi Abdellatif
Published: October 2018

Laâbi évoque plusieurs thèmes relatifs à son bilinguisme : l'absence de choix relatif à l'usage du français, mais les bénéfices liés à cette situation et à son « retour de l'âme », c'est-à-dire à la langue et à la culture arabes : une disposition à l'ouverture à l'autre, à la tolérance, ce dont témoigne d'ailleurs l'activité de traduction, mais aussi ce qui provient essentiellement de la nature pluri-culturelle des deux rives de la Méditerranée.
La terre dans la poésie libanaise francophone contemporaine
Authors: Darwiche Jabbour Zahida
Published: October 2018

Si la terre est une mère, le poète libanais francophone qui s'exprime dans une langue autre que sa langue maternelle, langue vivante et riche d'un passé de culture, est-il un enfant prodigue, un renégat ? À quelle terre appartient-il ? Est-il nécessaire qu'il appartienne à une terre ? Cette terre est-elle exclusivement un espace géographique ? Sinon que serait la terre du poète ? Qu'est-ce qu'une terre poétique ? Ce sont des questions auxquelles nous avons tenté d'apporter des réponses.

La terre pour le poète est une substance matérielle offerte à l'imagination créatrice. Elle est à la fois un pays, un arrière-pays, un cadre extérieur et une géographie affective ; le rapport du poète à la terre maternelle est régi par une dialectique enracinement-ouverture et peut être figuré par l'image de l'arbre qui enfonce ses racines dans le sol et tend ses branches dans l'air libre.

Le poème est lui-même une terre qui tient lieu de toute terre.

Le poète n'est pas l'homme d'une unique appartenance, il est celui qui vit à la croisée des chemins ; la terre poétique est une terre partagée. La poésie libanaise francophone exprime une ouverture à l'universel et contient un message d'amour.
Stratégies féminines et organisations en Afrique sud-saharienne
Authors: Dardé Christiane
Published: October 2018

Au Sénégal et au Burkina Faso, les femmes s'investissent en nombre dans les groupements de producteurs mixtes ou féminins qui se sont développés, surtout en milieu rural, depuis une trentaine d'années. En participant aux activités des groupements multifonctionnels (département de Bignona, sud du Sénégal) ou spécialisés dans la filière karité (Burkina Faso), les femmes diversifient leurs revenus monétaires. Elles contournent ainsi leurs contraintes familiales et sociales et mettent en œuvre des stratégies individuelles et collectives. Malgré leur faible pouvoir au sein des organisations, notamment à l'échelon fédératif, les femmes ont globalement gagné des marges de manœuvre et une autonomie économique.
Quelques exemples de voyages maghrébins
Authors: Brahimi Denise
Published: October 2018

Contrairement à l'idée que les voyages au Maghreb seraient le fait d'étrangers, il apparaît que les Maghrébins sont eux-mêmes de grands voyageurs. La littérature (surtout la maghrébine) nous permet d'inventorier plusieurs raisons ou plusieurs manières maghrébines de voyager : nomadisme au sens anthropologique du mot, évoqué dans plusieurs romans de Malika Mokeddem et dans Désert de Le Clézio ; pratique du pèlerinage à La Mecque ou vers d'autres destinations moins connues, dont on trouve des traces dans Nedjma de Kateb Yacine ou dans La Prière de l'Absent de Tahar Ben Jelloun, voyages de formation et d'initiation, dont parlent Tahar Djaout et Amin Maalouf. Sindbad le Marin des Mille et une Nuits reste un modèle très présent.
Le voyage au bout de soi : Michel Vieuchange (Smara, 1932)
Authors: Rey Mimoso-Ruiz Bernadette
Published: October 2018

Publié post mortem, Smara est un texte incomplètement abouti qui interroge le lecteur sur la démarche de Michel Vieuchange parti de Mazagan vers Smara en dépit des interdictions militaires et qui trouvera, au terme de sa course, une ville à demi détruite où il ne restera que trois heures. L'œuvre et le personnage sont si étroitement mêlés qu'ils exercent une fascination encore présente de nos jours et qu'il convient d'interroger. Se dessine tout d'abord, l'influence des récits de voyage sur l'imaginaire d'une jeunesse en manque d'aventure et de l'orientalisme des années vingt. Mais Smara, plus qu'une suite de notes est avant tout une œuvre littéraire où se retrouvent diverses influences poétiques et philosophiques. Du voyage comme ouverture sur l'inconnu, Vieuchange ne retient que très peu la découverte de l'Autre et opère une lente descente introspective. L'aventure vers Smara constitue en fait la recherche d'un sens à sa propre vie dans laquelle il se révèle à lui-même. Les souffrances et la confrontation avec le milieu hostile du désert prennent l'aspect tragique du sacrifice de sa vie pour assouvir un fantasme où le voyage s'inscrit comme une fuite vers un ailleurs libératoire.
La mouvance islamiste au Maroc
Authors: Chaarani Ahmed , Samrakandi Mohammed Habib
Published: October 2018

Ahmed Chaarani présente le livre qu'il a écrit sur le sous-champ islamiste tel qu'il a existé, dans le champ religieux marocain, entre les attentats de New York, le 11 septembre 2001 et ceux de Casablanca, trois ans plus tard. Il y distingue les islamistes intégrés au champ politique (le PJD), ceux qui restent en marge de ce champ sans user de violence (le mouvement de AbdessalamYassine) et ceux qui, exclus de toute représentativité politique, attaquent plus des éléments de la société «civile» considérés comme déviants que l'État en tant que tel. Sont présentés à la fois les actes et les discours de ces acteurs ainsi que les raisons qui font que l'islamisme n'est pas, actuellement, au Maroc une menace pour la Monarchie.
Des poètes maghrébins d’expression française face à la Palestine
Authors: Valat Colette
Published: October 2018

Rampante dans la littérature romanesque d’expression française du Maghreb, la question de l’arabité du Maghrébin est prise en compte dans la poésie consacrée au problème palestinien, à travers par exemple des oeuvres de l’Algérien Noureddine Aba et du Marocain Tahar Ben Jelloun. Chaque énonciateur y revendique une identité arabe et la définit par le biais massif de l’identification avec le Palestinien, en déplorant le sort tragique qui lui échoit, illustrant à travers lui le sort fait aux Arabes dans le monde, comme à d’autres damnés de la terre.
Tayeb Saddiki et l’essence du théâtre
Authors: Clément Jean-François
Published: October 2018

Si on comprend que le Maroc ancien comprenait de nombreuses formes de spectacles, des rituels religieux ou de la fête du sultan des tolba aux espaces circulaires des conteurs ou acrobates (h’alqa), voire aux saynètes jouées par quelques acteurs (bsât’), sans connaître le théâtre dont la fonction est de déranger, parfois de provoquer 28, on doit alors remercier Tayeb Saddiki pour avoir introduit un théâtre de qualité dans son pays. Après la période des traductions et des adaptations, l’homme s’est inspiré tour à tour de la h’alqa et du bsât’pour tenter de créer des formes marocanisées de théâtre alors que l’environnement social devenait de moins en moins favorable. Ces tentatives, pour intéressantes qu’elles aient été, n’ont pas véritablement réussi. La lutte contre la télévision est sans doute désespérée pour le moment. Toutefois, aujourd’hui, l’homme de théâtre prend un nouveau départ en créant un théâtre à Casablanca. Cela pourrait être une opportunité pour une nouvelle génération de comédiens, de metteurs en scène et d’auteurs dramatiques.
L'Espagne des trois cultures dans l'imaginaire de la Diaspora Sépharade
Authors: Díaz-Mas Paloma
Published: October 2018

La conscience d'une origine hispanique et le souvenir du passé médiéval sont les traits déterminants de l'identité sépharade. Cet article propose un panorama de la double image de l'Espagne, à la fois terre de la cohabitation des trois cultures mais aussi des persécutions inquisitoriales à travers la littérature sépharade traditionnelle, le roman, le théâtre et la presse des XIXe et XXe siècles ainsi que dans l'épistolographie, les livres de mémoires et les romans autobiographiques écrits par les Sépharades au cours des dernières décennies.
Rôle des nouveaux acteurs dans l'évolution de la presse tunisienne: le cas des journaux d'informations générales
Authors: Chabbeh Sameh
Published: October 2018

La présente contribution, basée sur une étude empirique en sciences de l'information et de la communication entend questionner les stratégies des nouveaux acteurs et leur Implication dans la presse nationale d'informations générales, en particulier la presse quotidienne et hebdomadaire. L'analyse de l'activité journalistique permet de constater l'arrivée des nouveaux acteurs (des amateurs, des spécialistes d'un domaine d'activité, des sources d'informations) et leur participation active dans l'évolution des pratiques professionnelles ainsi que de leurs médias. Elle permet aussi de concevoir le rôle de l'État comme un acteur principal et actif intervenant dans le champ médiatique et contribuant à son développement.
La télévision et l'espace saharien en Algérie
Authors: Kendzi Kaddour
Published: October 2018

L'Algérie pays maghrébin qui n'échappe pas à l'environnement médiatique régional et international dans une mondialisation où l'information et la communication prennent de plus en plus de place dans le quotidien du citoyen malgré lui, en la subissant ou en développant des tactiques face à ces nouveaux «intrus» (les NTIq dans l'espace maghrébin. La multiplication des sources d'approvisionnement en programmes a engendré une incohérence dans les discours télévisuels. Ces programmes sont porteurs de messages et l'individu saharien est censé composer avec cette influence si minime soit elle.
Une sociologie des journalistes maghrébins dans le Golfe: naissance d'une élite diasporique
Authors: El Oifi Mohammed
Published: October 2018

Le champ médiatique arabe s'est constitué grâce à la circulation des journalistes dans l'espace arabophone, ce qui a rendu possible l'échange d'idées et de procédés. Ces mouvements s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la tradition de nomadisme des hommes de lettres. Ce qui a permis la formation d'une culture arabe transnationale. Depuis, la naissance de la presse arabe dans la deuxième moitié de XIXe siècle, les «journalistes arabes» ont connu trois mouvements de migrations : de Beyrouth vers Alexandrie et le Caire à la fin du XIXe siècle, puis du Proche-Orient vers Londres après le déclenchement de la guère civile libanaise en 1975 et depuis les milieux des années 1995, de l'ensemble du monde arabe vers le Golfe. Contrairement aux deux premières vagues, les Maghrébins vont participer pleinement à la troisième vague. Cet article a pour objectif de tenter de cerner un phénomène social qui n'a pas encore été étudié, l'absence de données statistiques fiables rend le travail particulièrement aléatoire. Mais cela n'enlève rien à l'intérêt du sujet, qui reste central pour comprendre l'évolution du champ médiatique arabe et des rapports de sens et de forces qui le structurent En effet, l'émergence de cette «élite diasporique» maghrébine et son implication dans le champ médiatique arabe a modifié les rapports de forces au détriment de l'axe saoudo-libanais.
Lorentz Invariance Violation Effects on Gamma–Gamma Absorption and Compton Scattering
Authors: Abdalla Hassan , Böttcher Markus
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we consider the impact of the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) on the γ − γ opacity of the universe to very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays, compared to the effect of local underdensities (voids) of the extragalactic background light, and on the Compton scattering process. Both subluminal and superluminal modifications of the photon dispersion relation are considered. In the subluminal case, LIV effects may result in a significant reduction of the γ − γ opacity for photons with energies ≳10 TeV. However, the effect is not expected to be sufficient to explain the apparent spectral hardening of several observed VHE γ-ray sources in the energy range from 100 GeV to a few TeV, even when including effects of plausible inhomogeneities in the cosmic structure. Superluminal modifications of the photon dispersion relation lead to a further enhancement of the EBL γγ opacity. We consider, for the first time, the influence of LIV on the Compton scattering process. We find that this effect becomes relevant only for photons at ultra-high energies, E ≳ 1 PeV. In the case of a superluminal modification of the photon dispersion relation, both the kinematic recoil effect and the Klein–Nishina suppression of the cross section are reduced. However, we argue that the effect is unlikely to be of astrophysical significance.
On the Origin of Gas-poor Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters Using Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Jung Seoyoung L. , Choi Hoseung , Wong O. Ivy , Kimm Taysun , Chung Aeree , Yi Sukyoung K.
Published: October 2018

The environmental effect is commonly used to explain the excess of gas-poor galaxies in galaxy clusters. Meanwhile, the presence of gas-poor galaxies at cluster outskirts, where galaxies have not spent enough time to feel the cluster environmental effect, hints at the presence of preprocessing. Using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations on 16 clusters, we investigate the mechanisms of gas depletion of galaxies found inside clusters. The gas-depletion mechanisms can be categorized into three channels based on where and when they took place. First, 34% of our galaxies are gas poor before entering clusters (“preprocessing”). They are mainly satellites that have undergone the environmental effect inside group halos. Second, 43% of the sample quickly became gas deficient in clusters before the first pericentric pass (“fast cluster processing”). Some of them were group satellites that are low in gas at the time of cluster entry compared to the galaxies directly coming from the field. Even the galaxies with large gas fractions take this channel if they fall into massive clusters (≳1014.5
M
⊙) or approach cluster centers through radial orbits. Third, 24% of our sample retain gas even after their first pericentric pass (“slow cluster processing”) as they fall into the less massive clusters or have circular orbits. The relative importance of each channel varies with a cluster’s mass, while the exact degree of significance is subject to large uncertainties. Group preprocessing accounts for one-third of the total gas depletion, but it also determines the gas fraction of galaxies at their cluster entry, which in turn determines whether a galaxy should take the fast or slow cluster processing.
Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca–CN Photometry. III. NGC 6752*
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo
Published: October 2018

We present a multiple stellar population study of the globular cluster NGC 6752. We show that our new photometric CN index accurately traces the CN and the nitrogen abundances in cool giants, finding the discrete double red giant branch (RGB) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) sequences with number ratios between the CN-weak and the CN-strong populations of n(CN-w):n(CN-s) = 25:75 (±3; RGB) and 79:21 (±13; AGB). The discrepancy in these number ratios suggests that a significant fraction of the low-mass CN-s stars failed to evolve into the AGB phase. However, unlike previous studies, our results indicate the presence of an extreme CN-s AGB population in NGC 6752, which may require follow-up spectroscopic study. Similar to what is seen for M5, the evolution of the nitrogen abundance is discrete and discontinuous, while the evolutions of oxygen and sodium are continuous between the two populations in NGC 6752, implying that different astrophysical sources are responsible for the evolutions of these elements. In addition, the helium abundance inferred from the RGB bump magnitude shows that the CN-s population is slightly more helium-enhanced. Despite the identical cumulative radial distributions between the two populations, the structure-kinematics coupling can be observed in individual populations: the CN-w population has a spatially elongated shape with a faster rotation, while the CN-s population shows weak or no net rotation, with a spatially symmetric shape, raising important questions about the long-term dynamical evolution of the GCs.
Oscillator Strengths and Integral Cross Sections of the Valence-shell Excitations of the Oxygen Molecule Studied by Fast Electron and Inelastic X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Liu Ya-Wei , Xu Long-Quan , Xiong Tao , Chen Xin , Yang Ke , Hiraoka Nozomu , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Zhu Lin-Fan
Published: October 2018

The oscillator strengths and integral cross sections (ICSs) of the Schumann–Runge continuum, and the longest band and second band of the oxygen molecule have wide applications in studies of the Earth’s atmosphere and the stellar atmospheres, but there still exist apparent discrepancies among the available data. In this work, the generalized oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations of oxygen have been determined independently by the high-energy electron scattering and high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering. Based on the cross-checked generalized oscillator strengths, the optical oscillator strengths and ICSs of these excitations have been obtained, which give an independent cross-check to the previous experimental and theoretical results. The present data can be used as the basic input parameters in the theoretical models for the astronomical observations, and will be helpful for deepening our understanding of the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, Saturn, Pluto, Europa, and other oxygen-rich planets and satellites.