bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Просторово-часова динаміка рослинного покриву як фактора динаміки чисельності шкідливих комах
Authors: Диченко О. Ю.
Published: December 2018

У статті наведені дані щодо впливу динаміки рос-линного покриву на чисельність шкідливих комах.Встановлено, що динаміка рослинного покриву про-тягом попереднього та поточного років впливає нашвидкість приросту чисельності популяцій шкідниківу поточному році порівняно з минулим. Кількісно цейвплив оцінено за допомогою регресійного аналізу. Дляякісної оцінки характеру впливу динаміки рослиннос-ті на чисельність шкідників буряків цукрових запро-поновані динамічні карти наступних видів: листовоїпопелиці, звичайного та сірого бурякових довгоноси-ків, бурякової та лободової щитоносок. Цей інстру-мент дозволяє візуалізувати складний характер про-цесів, які визначають динаміку чисельності комах, утому числі шкідливих.

The article presents data about the influence of vegetation dynamics on the number of harmful insects. It is established that vegetation dynamics during the previous and current years affects the rate of growth of pest populations in a present year compared to last year. Quantitatively this effect is estimated using regression analysis.

For the qualitative assessment of the impact of vegetation dynamics on the number of pests of sugar beet dynamic maps of the following types are offered: Aphis fabae, Asproparthenis punctiventris, Cassida nebulosa, Cassida nobilis, Tanymecus palliates. This tool allows you to visualize the complex nature of the processes that determine the dynamics of insect populations, including harmful ones.
Кореляційна залежність між якісними показниками сперми бугаїв довготривалого зберігання
Authors: Ляшенко А. О.
Published: December 2018

Проведено дослідження взаємозв’язку між фізіо-логічними, морфологічними і морфометричними ха-рактеристиками сперматозоїдів бугаїв різних порід Банку генетичних ресурсів залежно від термінів збе-рігання. Визначено вірогідний кореляційний зв'язок між показниками морфології сперматозоїдів та морфологічними індексами. Встановлено зворотний зв'язок між вмістом патологічних форм і кількістю нормальних акросом: чим більша кількість сперма-тозоїдів з нормальною акросомою, тим менше ано-мальних клітин r=-0,3 (p<0,001). Існує негативний вірогідний кореляційний зв’язок між кількістю пато-логічних сперматозоїдів і HOST (r=-0,54) (p<0,001), між відсотком пошкоджених акросом, кількістю патологічних і мертвих клітин та довжиною різних частин сперматозоїда (r=-0,2) (p<0,05).

The investigation of the relationship between the physiological, morphological and morphometric characteristics of bulls’ sperm of different breeds of the Bank of genetic resources, depending on the storage term was carried out. We determine the correlation between indicators of sperm of morphology and morphological indexes. We determine the inverse relationship between the content of pathological forms and the number of normal acrosome: the greater number of sperm with normal acrosome, the less number of abnormal cells r= -0,3 (p<0,001). There is a negative correlation between the number of abnormal sperm and HOST (r= -0,54) (p<0,001), between the percentage of damaged acrosome, the number of abnormal cells, the number of pathological and dead cells and the length of the different parts of the sperm (r= -0,2) (p<0,05).
Визначення чутливості грибів роду Mucor та Aspergillus до деяких речовин рослинного походження
Authors: Передера С. Б. , Кінаш О. В.
Published: December 2018

Наведено результати дослідження чутливостігрибів роду Mucor та Aspergillus до речовин, що ма-ють рослинне походження (відвар трави ехінацеїпурпурової, екстракт ехінацеї рідкий, настоянка ехі-нацеї, ефірна олія базиліку, монарди, евгенол). У лі-тературі наведено численні дані щодо імуностиму-люючої та бактерицидної дії вищезазначених речо-вин, однак дані стосовно їх фунгіцидних властивос-тей висвітлені недостатньо. Дослідження проводилистандартним диско-дифузійним методом. Викорис-товували препарати ехінацеї пурпурової та ефірніолії з аптекарської мережі. Речовини рослинного по-ходження перспективні для використання у ветери-нарії, як альтернатива антибіотикам і дезінфектан-там одночасно. Зокрема ефірні масла та їх компонен-ти можуть бути використані для сонації повітряптахівничих приміщень в якості дезінфікуючих засо-бів, а також, як речовини анаболічної та імуности-мулюючої дії.

The results of susceptibility testing of Aspergillus and Mucor to plant origin substances (infusion of Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea liquid extract, Echinacea tincture, essential oil of Basil, essential oil of Monarda, eugenol) are shown. There are numerous data in the literature relating to bactericidal and immunostimulatory activity of  those substances, however, the data for their fungicidal properties described insufficiently. The studies was conducted by standard disc-diffusion method. We used medications of Echinacea purpurea and essential oils of pharmaceutical network. Plant origin substances are promising for use in veterinary medicine as an alternative to antibiotics and disinfectants simultaneously. In particular, essential oils and their components can be used to optimize the air of poultry premises, as a disinfectant and as chemicals of anabolic and immunostimulatory action.
Поширення паразитозів кролів у приватних господарствах Полтавської області
Authors: Клименко О. С.
Published: December 2018

Аналіз літературних даних і власні дослідження свід-чать про значне поширення паразитозів кролів у госпо-дарствах різних форм власності більшості країн світу.Лабораторними дослідженнями матеріалу від кролівприватних господарств дванадцяти районів Полтав-ської області встановлено майже повсюдне поширенняпсороптозу, еймеріозу та пасалурозу. Екстенсивністьпсороптозної інвазії становить 37,68 %, еймеріозної –47,69 %, пасалурозної – 21,26 %, хоча в окремих госпо-дарствах показники ураження досягають 100 %. Отри-мані дані свідчать про необхідність розробки та впро-вадження заходів боротьби з паразитозами кролів уприватних господарствах.

The analysis of literary data and own researches testify about considerable distribution of rabbits’ Parasitosis in the economies of different patterns of ownership in the most world countries. Almost general distribution of Psoroptosis, Eimeriosis and Passalurosis are set by laboratory researches of material from the rabbits of private economies of twelve districts in Poltava region. Extensivity of Psoroptes invasion presents 37,68 %, Eimeria – 47,69 %, Passalurus – 21,26 %, although in separate economies the indexes of defeat are 100 %. Obtained data testify the necessity of development and introduction of measures of fight against Parasitosis of rabbits in private economies.
Neue Musik in soziologischer Perspektive: Fragen, Methoden, Probleme
Authors: Hentschel Frank
Published: December 2018

An abbreviated Version of this article appeared in Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik 5 (2010), S. 38–42.
PERSYARATAN PENDAFTARAN HAK PATEN UNTUK APLIKASI_155100017_DESI RATNASARI
Authors: ratnasari desi
Published: December 2018

Karya intelektual yang bersifat kreasi estetika seperti hak cipta dan desain industri lrelatif mudah memperoleh hak paten. Termasuk penemuan metode program komputer, presentasi mengenai informasi yang ditemukan lebih mudah memperoleh ijin paten. Meskipun demikian, ada pula karya intelektual yang ternyata tidak dapat dipatenkan. Berikut karya intelektual yang tidak dapat dipatenkan:Apabila pihak lain yang memperoleh pengalihan hak dari inventor akan memiliki hak paten Selama 20 tahun dari hari pertama tanggal penerimaan. Sisanya, setelah 20 tahun hak ekslusif tersebut akan menjadi public domain. Public domain diperuntukan untuk masyarakat umum, tentu saja tetap melakukan proses ijin pada pemegang hak paten.Hak paten dalam HaKI berprinsip territorial. Prinsip territorial dalam hal ini hak paten hanya berlaku di negara inventor mengajukan permohonan paten dan diberi. Pengajuan dilakukan dengan mengirimkan surat permohonan ke Direktoral Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (DJHKI). Apabila inventor memperoleh hak paten di Indonesia, misalnya, maka hak paten yang diperoleh tidak berlaku atau tidak memiliki hak paten di negara lain.Kewajiban inventor yang memperoleh hak paten HaKI berhak membayar biaya tahunan. Biaya tersebut bagian dari biaya pemeliharaan paten sampai dengan tahun terakhir masa perlindungan. Hak paten akan hilang secara hukum apabila tidak dibayar selama tiga tahun berturut-turut. Besar biaya pemeliharaan hak paten di tetapkan oleh PNBP Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak di Kementerian hukum dan HAM.
PENJELASAN MENGENAI PATEN DAN SISTEM YANG DITERAPKAN DI INDONESIA MENGENAI PROSES PERMOHONAN HAK PATEN
Authors: n dwi jaya
Published: December 2018

Paten adalah perlindungan HKI bagi karya intelektual yang bersifat teknologi, atau dikenal juga dengan istilah invensi, dan mengandung pemecahan/solusi teknis terhadap masalah yang terdapat pada teknologi yang telah ada sebelumnya. Sebagai contoh, paku kecil temuan Levi Strauss untuk dipasang di ujung-ujung saku celana jeans, misalnya, yang kemudian dianugerahi hak paten di Amerika Serikat tahun 1873, mengandung solusi teknis terhadap persoalan mudah lepas/sobeknya jahitan saku celana berbahan denim ketika itu, mengingat pemakaian luar ruangan dengan intensitas yang cukup tinggi.Invensi adalah ide Inventor yang dituangkan ke dalam suatu kegiatan pemecahan masalah yang spesifik di bidang teknologi dapat berupa produk atau proses, atau penyempurnaan dan pengembangan produk atau proses. (UU RI no. 14 tahun 2001, pasal. 1, ayat. 2)Penerapan pada Hak Paten sendiri diindonesia dinilai dari sistem inventor mendaftarkan produk mereka untuk dipatenkan.
Hak paten minuman dari kulit manggis pada PT Zena sentosa nirmala
Authors: sulistyawati
Published: December 2018

PT Zena Nirmala sentosa didirikan pada tahun 1992 di Jakarta. pT ini bergerak di bidang industri makanan dan suplemen yang memproduksi produk-produk kesehatan berbahan alami. Salah satu produknya adalah ekstra kulit manggis, atau Garcia. Garcia ini merupakan ekstra kulit manggis berkhasiat tinggi. Buah manggis dikenal sangat kaya dengan zat ajaib yang disebut xanthone, yang dapat mencegah berbagai macam penyakit. Minuman kesehatan dari kulit manggis ini sudah di patenkan Ditjen hak kekayaan intelektual (HaKI)
HAK PATEN DARI PRODUK MITO
Authors: SAFEI M.RIAN
Published: December 2018

Sederet prestasi telah diraih MITO Mobile ( The Most Favourite, Best Seller Mobile, The Most Innovative Phone) dan merupakan rekanan dari beberapa operator telekomunikasi terbesar di Indonesia. Beragam jenis handphone telah dikeluarkan MITO Mobile, selalu menjadi produk terinovasi , stylish, berteknologi tinggi dengan harga yang terjangkau untuk masyarakat Indonesia.Selain mengandalkan kualitas produk, Mito Mobile serius meningkatkan after-sales service dengan service centre yang tersebar hampir di seluruh kota di Indonesia, sampai sekarang Mito Mobile merupakan salah satu handphone lokal terbesar di Indonesia dengan channel distribusi yang luas.Saat ini, Mito Mobile memiliki Service Centres /Layanan Purna Jual yang tersebar di hampir seluruh Indonesia dan dengan visi yang kuat untuk menjadi yang terbaik di Indonesia, Mito selalu hadir dengan menawarkan produk-produk berkualitas, berteknologi tinggi, inovatif dengan harga yang terjangkau.Mito merupakan merek yang mempunyai peluang terkecil dalam mempertahankan kosumennya yaitu 0% dan merupakan merek yang mempunyai peluang terbesar kehilangan konsumen sehingga pada periode yang akan datang Mito mempunyai pangsa pasar terkecil sebesar 0,7%. Periode kesetimbangan terjadi pada periode ke-24
PERBEDAAN PATEN DAN PATEN SEDERHANA (UTILITY MODELS)
Authors: wahyudi Edri
Published: December 2018

Paten adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh Negara kepada penemu atas hasil penemuannya di bidang teknologi, yang untuk selama waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri Invensinya tersebut atau memberikan persetujuannya kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya. (UU RI no. 14 tahun 2001, ps. 1, ay.1)Paten Sederhana adalah setiap penemuan berupa produk atau alat yang baru dan mempunyai nilai kegunaan praktis disebabkan oleh bentuk, konfigurasi, konstruksi, atau komponennyaSuatu penemuan dianggap baru, jika pada saat pengajuan permintaan paten penemuan tersebut tidak sama atau tidak merupakan bagian dari penemuan terdahulu. Pemberian hak paten bersifat teritorial, yaitu, mengikat hanya dalam lokasi tertentu. Dengan demikian, untuk mendapatkan perlindungan paten di beberapa negara atau wilayah, seseorang harus mengajukan aplikasi paten di masing-masing negara atau wilayah tersebut.
Inflammation Predicts Decision-Making Characterized by Impulsivity, Present Focus, and an Inability to Delay Gratification
Authors: Lab TCU Hill
Published: December 2018

Here, we propose a novel theoretical model linking present-focused decision-making to the activities of the immune system. We tested our model by examining the relationship between inflammatory activity – in vivo and in vitro – and decision-making characterized by impulsivity, present focus, and an inability to delay gratification. Results support our model, revealing that inflammation predicts these outcomes even after controlling for factors that may contribute to a spurious linkage between them. Moreover, subsequent analyses revealed that our model was a better fit for the data than alternative models using present-focused decision-making and its health-harming behavioural sequelae (e.g., smoking, risky sexual behaviour) to predict inflammation, lending support for the proposed directionality of this relationship. Together, these results suggest that inflammation may contribute to decision-making patterns that can result in undesirable personal and societal outcomes.
TUGAS UAS
Authors: Kurniawati Wahyuni
Published: December 2018

making task for last semester
nurul aini fadilah section class
Authors: fadilah Nurul aini
Published: December 2018

section class pembuatan database perpustakaan
Hak paten garcia
Authors: sulistyawati
Published: December 2018

PT. Zena Nirmala Sentosa didirikan pada tahun 1992 di Jakarta. PT ini bergerak di bidang industri makanan dan suplemen yang memproduksi produk-produk kesehatan berbahan alami. Salah satu produknya adalah ekstra kulit manggis Gracia. Garcia ini merupakan ekstra kulit manggis berkhasiat tinggi, buah manggis dikenal kaya dengan zat ajaib yang disebut xanthone, yang dapat mencegah berbagai macam penyakit. Minuman kesehatan dari kulit manggis ini sudah di patenkan ditahan hak kekayaan intelektual (HaKI)
Pendidikan karakter bagi generasi muda dalam pelaksanaan gotong royong di era global
Authors: Murtiningsih
Published: December 2018

Pemuda adalah generasi penerus bangsa, pada masa sekarang ini rasa peduli dan gotong royong pada masyarakat terutama pemuda telah semakin menurun dan dengan kondisi yang demikian bila dibiarkan akan menimbulkan kehancuran bagi banagsa indonesia, selain itu lunturnya nilai dan semangat gotong royong pada pemuda generasi bangsa juga dikarenakan oleh arus globalisasi yang pesat di masa sekarang ini.
isu isu strategis permasalahan lingkungan hidup berupa alih fungsi lahan pertanian
Authors: RUSNI
Published: December 2018

Alih fungsi lahan atau lazimnya disebut sebagai konversi lahan adalah perubahan fungsi sebagian atau seluruh kawasan lahan dari fungsinya semula (seperti yang direncanakan )menjadi fungsi lain yang menjadi dampak negative (masalah) terhadap lingkungan dan potensi lahan itu sendiri.
ISU - ISU Status pegawai honorer
Authors: Ismayanti
Published: December 2018

Manajemen SDM pemerintah bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan kerja pegawai dalam sektor publik dari aspek fungsi manajemen,tenaga honorer juga dalam perkembangannya bertujuan untuk membantu kinerja PNS Dimana PNS kewalahan dalam menjalankan tugasnya yang diberikan oleh pemerintah dalam hal pelayanan publik
Tema Sebagai Unsur Intrinsik Karya Fiksi
Authors: Mahendra Muh. Izhar , Womal Anggraeni
Published: December 2018

Karya fiksi merupakan hasil dari imajinasi kreatif. Jadi kecocokannya dengan dunia nyata biasanya diasumsikan oleh audiensnya. Kebenaran dalam karya fiksi tidak harus sejalan dengan kebenaran dari segi hukum, moral, agama, logika, dan sebagainya. Seusatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi di dunia nyata bisa saja terjadi di dunia fiksi. Dengan demikian fiksi umumnya tidak diharapkan untuk hanya menampilkan tokoh yang merupakan orang nyata atau deskripsi yang akurat secara faktual. Karya fiksi juga mempunyai salah satu unsur intrinsik yang sangat berperan yaitu tema. Tema adalah adalah sesuatu yang menjiwai cerita atau sesuatu yang menjadi pokok masalah dalam cerita. Dalam tema tersirat amanat atau tujuan pengarang menulis cerita. Tema dalam cerpen dapat terjabar dalam setiap satuan peristiwa dalam cerita, misalnya melalui tingkah laku atau jalan hidup pelakunya. Jadi pada umumnya setiap cerita fiksi mengandung suatu pokok persoalan (objek) yang hendak disampaikan dan membahas mengenai tema cerita merupakan hal yang sangat mendasar, karena membicarakan masalah prilaku atau tokoh dari suatu cerita tidaklah berhasil tanpa menyatakan tema. Seperti yang telah dikemukakan, bahwa cerita dari unsur yang saling berhubungan secara hidup. Masing-masing unsur juga tersurat unsur-unsur yang lain, dan juga terdapat dalam jalan cerita yang mengacu pada akhir cerita yang bermakna.
π
Authors: Masuda Yuji
Published: December 2018

This formula shows π.
Akuntabilitas dan transparansi kinerja sector publik, meliputi pertanggungjawaban kualitas layanan dan informasi layanan publik yang dapat diakses dengan mudah
Authors: Karmila Nur
Published: December 2018

Akuntabilitas dan transparansi merupakan salah satu indikator untuk mengukur keberhasilan kinerja sector publik. Akuntabilitas dan transparansi memungkinkan para anggota suatu organisasi dapat merundingkan hal-hal yang penting bagi mereka.Transparansi dan akuntabilitas bersinergi melahirkan kesempatan bagi para anggota suatu organisasi untuk mempengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan. Dan, di pihak lain, transparansi dan akuntabilitas juga memudahkan para pengambil keputusan untuk menjelaskan mengapa keputusan dibuat seperti yang dilakukannya.
Evidence head tilt has dissociable effects on dominance and trustworthiness judgments, but does have not category-contingent effects on hypothetical leadership judgments
Authors: Torrance Jaimie Stephen , Holzleitner Iris Jasmin , Lee Anthony J , DeBruine Lisa Marie , Jones Benedict C
Published: December 2018

Previous research has found that physical characteristics in faces that influence perceptions of trustworthiness and dominance have context-contingent effects on leadership perceptions. People whose faces are perceived to be trustworthy are judged to be better leaders in peacetime contexts than wartime contexts. By contrast, people whose faces are perceived to be dominant are judged to be better leaders in wartime contexts than peacetime contexts. Here we tested for judgment-contingent (dominance versus trustworthiness) effects of head tilt on person perception and context-contingent (peacetime versus wartime) effects of head tilt on leadership judgments. Although we found that head tilt influenced trustworthiness and dominance (Study 1), head tilt did not influence leadership judgments (Study 2). Together, these results suggest that the context-contingent effects of physical characteristics on leadership judgments reported in previous work do not necessarily extend to head tilt, even though head tilt influences perceptions of trustworthiness and dominance.
Evolutionary Pathways to Statehood: Old Theories and New Data
Authors: Turchin Peter , Whitehouse Harvey , Korotayev Andrey , Francois Pieter , Hoyer Daniel , Peregrine Peter , Feinman Gary , Spencer Charles , Kradin Nikolay , Currie Thomas E.
Published: December 2018

Over the past 10,000 years, human societies evolved from “simple”—small egalitarian groups, integrated by face-to-face interactions—to “complex”— societies of millions, characterized by great differentials in wealth, status, and power, extensive division of labor, and elaborate governance structures. At the heart of this transformation was the rise of the state; a politically centralized territorial polity with an internally specialized administrative organization. But what drove the emergence and evolution of specialized governance is broadly contested. Here we use Seshat: Global History Databank to empirically test predictions from a variety of theories. One set of explanations proposes social scale (polity population and territory, population of the largest settlement) as the primary factor favoring the evolution of specialized governance institutions. Other theories focus on alternative mechanisms, such as social stratification or the provisioning of public goods. Still others point to the importance of sophisticated information and money systems as potential preconditions for the evolution of bureaucracy. Our analysis identifies polity population size as the main evolutionary driver of state-formation. Although information systems also play a role, stratification has no detectable impact, once polity population is included in the model; and, while territorial expansion may be a key factor in the emergence of certain first-generation or primary states, the territorial extent of polities actually has a negative effect on the evolution of sophisticated governance, once polity population is included in the model.
Motiviranost stručnjaka zaštite na radu za obrazovanje
Authors: Ninčević Alan , Pavlič Miran
Published: December 2018

SAŽETAK: Motivacija za obrazovanje u području zaštite na radu jedan je od ključnih čimbenika u procesu obrazovanja. U ovome istraživanju, metodom anketiranja, prikupljeni su podaci i analizirane obrazovne navike, motivacija i mišljenja stručnjaka zaštite na radu (N = 388). Najčešće se ti stručnjaci usavršavaju pohađanjem seminara, kongresa, simpozija i radionica, i to u prosjeku tri puta godišnje. Među aktivnim oblicima obrazovanja najčešći su proučavanje stručne literature i diskusije s kolegama iz struke. U 2013. godini 82 % ispitanika navelo je da izrađen pravilnik, koji regulira stručno usavršavanje za zaštitu na radu u 2011. godini, nije postigao željeni cilj da poveća njihov interes za obrazovanjem. Procjena izvora motivacije pokazala je da je 3,8 % ispitanika intrinzično, iznutra motivirano, 91,6 % ih je ekstrinzično, vanjski motivirano, dok ih 4,6 % uopće nije motivirano za obrazovanje u području zaštite na radu. Pravilnik je nakon uvođenja djelovao pozitivno na motivaciju za obrazovanjem stručnjaka za zaštitu na radu, a potrebne su daljnje korekcije sadržaja pravilnika.
Agresivnost na radnom mjestu
Authors: Russo Andrea , Popović Toni
Published: December 2018

SAŽETAK: Agresivnost na radnom mjestu ozbiljan je problem s individualnim, organizacijskim i socijalnim uzročno-posljedičnim vezama. Provedena su brojna istraživanja o tom fenomenu s ciljem prepoznavanja i identifikacije njegovih značajki kako bi se poboljšala kvaliteta međuljudskih odnosa na radnom mjestu, uz istovremeno sprečavanje njegovih širih društvenih posljedica. Pored velikog broja ranih umirovljenja u Hrvatskoj, gotovo da nema podataka o utjecaju radnih uvjeta na zdravlje radnika, osim ako su primarni uzrok bolest ili ozljede prouzročene radom. Ova studija razmatra tri postojeća istraživanja agresije na radnom mjestu: 1. anketno istraživanje radnika provedeno u srpnju 2014. godine u Splitu (na temelju pilot uzorka od 113 ispitanika); 2. anketno istraživanje nastavnika osnovnih i srednjih škola u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji provedeno 2007. godine (stratificirani uzorak; N=764); 3. pojedinačnu studiju slučaja vertikalnog strateškog mobinga (bossing) provedenu 2009. godine. Kako pokazuju rezultati istraživanja, u kontekstu hrvatske tranzicijske ekonomije, dodatno opterećenje i stresori opravdano su očekivani. Slična je situacija uočljiva s obzirom na ostale potencijale koji pogoduju agresivnosti na radnom mjestu, često bez mogućnosti adekvatne akcije zbog nedostatka informacija, edukacije i odgovarajućih znanstvenih pokazatelja koji promiču razvoj profesionalnih standarda i mjera za njezino sustavno sprečavanje.
Nova europska legislativa o osobnoj zaštitnoj opremi
Authors: Regent Aleksandar
Published: December 2018

SAŽETAK: Direktiva o osobnoj zaštitnoj opremi (89/686/EEZ) fundamentalni je dio europske legislative o zaštiti na radu koji se odnosi na gotovo svu osobnu zaštitnu opremu. U hrvatski pravni sustav uvedena je putem Pravilnika o stavljanju na tržište osobne zaštitne opreme. Nakon više od 20 godina primjene uočena je potreba za usklađivanjem Direktive s novim tehnologijama i stanjem na tržištu, kao i ostalim novijim direktivama, odnosno s tzv. Novim zakonodavnim okvirom EU-a. Prijedlog novog dokumenta kojim se zamjenjuje Direktiva je Uredba o osobnoj zaštitnoj opremi koja će imati direktnu i obveznu primjenu u svim zemljama članicama EU-a. Neke vrste opreme prelaze iz II. u III. kategoriju složenosti (štitnici za sluh, prsluci za spašavanje od utapanja, štitnici od lančane pile, noževa i metka, te pri visokotlačnom rezanju). Osobna zaštitna oprema za privatnu zaštitu od vlage, vode i topline ulazi u djelokrug Uredbe, vrijeme trajanja certifikata ograničava se na najviše 5 godina, mijenjaju se odgovornosti i odnosi između proizvođača, zastupnika, uvoznika i distributera, ujednačavaju se aktivnosti prijavljenih tijela, poboljšava se tržišni nadzor i sljedivost. Nova Uredba o osobnoj zaštitnoj opremi poboljšat će stanje sigurnosti i zaštitu ljudi na radu.
دور الندماء والجلساء في بلاط الأمويين والعباسيين
Authors: Atouat Mohammad Abdel Abdallah
Published: December 2018

لعب الندماء والجلساء دورا هاما في حياة البلاط، وقد اختلفت طبيعة هذا الدور باختلاف شخصياتهم ومؤهلاتهم العلمية والدينية والترفيهية. وقد قرب أصحاب السلطان جلساء وندماء ذوي مهارات متنوعة لحاجتهم اليهم في مجالسهم المغتلفة، ولذلك برزت طبقات كثيرة من الندماء والجلساء ظهر منها المحدثون والوعاظ والشعراء والمغنون والظرفاء المضحكون.
التاريخية والاسلاميات التطبيقية: قراءة في منهج محمد اركون النقدي
Authors: Abi Nader Nayla
Published: December 2018

وأنا صوت يرتفع من داخل الاسلام لكى يقول بأن هناك طريقة أخرى لمقاربة الظاهرة الدينية اليوم، أنا صوت من بين أصوات أخرى تحاول ان تعبر عن نفسها وتتل مكانتها في المجتمع، وفي أوساط الباحثين العمليين ، وذلك من خلال مناقشة ترغب في أن تكون دهقراطية بالمعنى الفكري والعقلي للكلمة») يقدم لنا هذا القول بطاقة تعريف موقعة بقلم مفكر انتهج النقد سبيلا والبحث وسيلة للكشف عن الطبقات المتراكمة على الظاهرة الدينية ، فحجبت الرؤية عن العقل وأدخكه في متاهات عديدة. يتحدث محمد أركون عن «طريقة أخرى» يود أن يعتمدها ف مقاربة التراث، بريد تقديم قراءة مختلفة لنصوص كانت قد أولت ، وتفاسير كانت قد قدمت على انها الأصح، وأقفل من بعدها باب الاجتهاد. انه يطرح ضمن مناقشة ديمقراطية مشروعه النقدي مشرعا الباب أمام الروح في مسيرة بحثها عن المعرفة . يريا القيام بنقاد العقل الاسلامي والبحث في آليات اشتغاله عبر التاريخ ، وفي الأحكام التي أطلقها والتصنيفات التى اعتمدها. اهتم بالمثيين في التاريخ الاسلامي، ب «أهل الملل والنحل»، أولئك الذين كتب تاريخهم زورا من قبل المنتصرين عليهم، كما انه توقف عند بعض المهمشين الذين لا يعيرهم المفكرون اهتماما. التفت الى الثقافة الشعبية، والى القصص المحكية، الى تراث مصتف درجة ثانية أو ربما عاشرة، ليشير الى انه هنا أيضا تكمن احدى تجليات العقل البشري، ولا يجوز حصرها دائرة واحدة ذات قواعد ونظم محددة.
Learning to Embody the Radically Empirical: Performance, Ethnography, Sensorial Knowledge and the Art of Tabla Playing
Authors: Nuttall Denise
Published: December 2018

Cultural anthropology has privileged the concept of experience over that of performance, and as ethnographers, we have also privileged the ethnographic text and inscription over the act(s) of fieldwork or the “performances” of ethnography. Although we have made some improvements toward a different kind of anthropology, one that is embodied, the investigations of the body and performance have ultimately remained on the margins of the discipline. Drawing from my ethnographic participant fieldwork with North Indian tabla players and the teaching of ethnomusicology labs at an American university, I argue for a turn to what Sarah Pink (2009) has called sensory ethnography.
Mass Observation and the Emotional Energy Consumer
Authors: Wright Rebecca K.
Published: December 2018

Understanding how people lived with energy in the past is becoming increasingly important as policy-makers are paying more attention to the social and cultural factors that condition energy consumption and fix energy demand. This is challenging historians to demonstrate the ways in which energy systems are more than just physical infrastructures set into the built environment but activated by users with complex emotional lives. This article goes some way toward developing this history, building up a profile of the emotional energy consumer. To do this it draws upon a collection of material from the Mass Observation Archive (MOA), University of Sussex, which provides unique access to the emotions British users brought to their energy systems. Drawing upon a series of Directives written in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the article considers how energy demand was shaped by the complex emotional cultures of Thatcherite Britain. The article proposes two different approaches to do this. The first approach considers how observers rooted emotions about energy in longer individual and social timeframes. This uncovers the importance of time in fostering emotions toward energy, from the lived experience of transitions, to the social memory of World War II and circulating rhetoric about the future. The second approach considers how emotions — such as sentimentality, nostalgia, love and fear — structured energy choices and led to particular configurations of energy use in the home. By demonstrating how emotion mediated between observers and their energy systems this article argues for the necessity of developing histories of energy focussed not only upon energy systems but that centre the complex subjectivities of users as well as their emotional cultures.
EQUAÇÕES VOLUMÉTRICAS PARA UM CLONE JOVEM DE EUCALIPTO NO SUL DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Andrade Valdir Carlos Lima de , Glória Junior Murilo Azevedo , Terra David Lucas Camargo Vieira
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar um total de 26 modelos volumétricos para um clone do híbrido entre Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis. Foram utilizados dados da cubagem rigorosa de 25 árvores, distribuídas em cinco classes diamétricas com amplitude de 2 cm cada. Para a avaliação dos modelos volumétricos, adotou-se os critérios: coeficiente de determinação ajustado, erro padrão residual, análise da distribuição de resíduos, soma dos quadrados dos resíduos relativos, erro médio e raiz do quadrado médio. O modelo logarítmo: , um dos mais utilizados no Brasil, teve o oitavo lugar como a melhor colocação dentre os 26 modelos volumétricos avaliados. O modelo que mais se destacou foi:  que, ajustado com a inclusão da variável binária Tx, permitiu o ajuste de uma única equação para quantificar, tanto o volume com casca como sem casca, para o clone estudado. A equação obtida foi: .Palavras-chave: inventário florestal, modelos volumétricos, eucalipto. VOLUMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR A YOUNG EUCALYPTUS CLONE IN THE SOUTH OF TOCANTINS ABSTRACT:This work aimed to evaluate a total of 26 volumetric models for clone of the hybrid between Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis. We used data from the rigorous cubing of 25 trees distributed in five diameter classes with amplitude of 2 cm each. For the evaluation of the volumetric models, the following criteria were adopted: adjusted coefficient of determination, residual standard error, residue distribution analysis, sum of squares of relative residues, mean error and root mean square. The logarithm model: , one of the most used in Brazil, ranked eighth as the best placement among the 26 volumetric models evaluated. The best that most stood out was: which, adjusted with the inclusion of the binary variable Tx, allowed the adjustment of a single equation to quantify both the shell and shelled volume for the studied clone. The equation obtained was: .Keywords: forest inventory, volumetric models, eucalyptus.
COMPORTAMENTO COLORIMÉTRICO DA MADEIRA DE MAÇARANDUBA TRATADA COM PRODUTOS DE ACABAMENTO
Authors: Maia Juliana Holanda , Moura Marília Dantas , Magalhães Athur Santos , Castro Vinicius Gomes de
Published: December 2018

O comércio da madeira de maçaranduba (Manilkara sp.) é muito popular na região Nordeste do Brasil devido suas características físico-mecânicas e de sua aparência estética. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a cor da madeira de maçaranduba comercializada em diferentes estados nordestinos, assim como o efeito de quatro diferentes produtos de acabamento (verniz poliuretano; cera de carnaúba industrializada e bruta; e óleo de linhaça). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao intemperismo natural por quatro meses e tiveram a alteração da cor avaliada pelo sistema CIELa*b*. Não houve variação nos parâmetros colorimétricos das madeiras comercializadas em diferentes localidades. O óleo de linhaça foi o produto que apresentou maior capacidade de mudança na cor da madeira, evidenciando a tonalidade avermelhada. Porém foi o uso do verniz que apresentou uma cor mais estável após os quatro meses de envelhecimento.Palavras-chave: CIELa*b*, verniz, cera de Carnaúba, óleo de linhaça. COLOR BEHAVIOR OF MASSARANDUBA WOOD TREATED WITH FINISHING PRODUCTS ABSTRACT:Massaranduba (Manilkara sp.) wood trade is very popular in the Brazilian Northeast region due its physico-mechanical properties and esthetical appearance. The aim of this work was evaluate the Massaranduba wood color traded in different Northeast states, as analyze the effect of four different finishing product (polyurethane varnish; Industrialized and raw Carnauba wax; and linseed oil). Wood specimens were submitted to outdoor weathering for four months and the color change was measure according to the CIELa*b*system. There was no colorimetric parameters variation among wood traded in different locations. Linseed oil was the finishing product with higher capacity of color change, highlighting the red ton of the Massaranduba. However, the use of varnish showed a more stable color after the four months of aging.Keywords: CIELa*b*, varnish, Carnauba wax, linseed oil.
DESEMPENHO TÉCNICO E ECONÔMICO DO FELLER-BUNCHER EM DISTINTAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DENDROMÉTRICAS DO POVOAMENTO FLORESTAL
Authors: Teixeira Romulo de Castro , Santos Diego Weslly Ferreira do Nascimento , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos , Dadalto Juliana Pinheiro
Published: December 2018

Os dados técnicos e econômicos disponíveis das máquinas de colheita florestal são insuficientes, sendo em algumas condições de trabalho inexistentes. Objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa analisar o desempenho técnico e econômico do feller-buncher em diferentes condições do povoamento florestal. O estudo foi executado em áreas de colheita florestal localizadas na região sul do estado de Mato grosso. Foi realizado o estudo de tempos e movimentos, produtividade, disponibilidade mecânica, eficiência operacional, custo operacional e de produção do feller-buncher nos volumes de 0,14; 0,16; 0,18; e 0,26 m³ por árvore. O volume individual das toras influenciou de forma significativa no tempo médio por ciclo operacional, produtividade e custo de produção, sendo os melhores valores encontrados nos maiores volumes. Foi observado uma disponibilidade mecânica média de 83%, eficiência operacional de 96% e custo operacional de 305,45 R$ h-1.  O volume por árvore demostrou-se como uma variável de extrema importância para o planejamento florestal.Palavras-chave: colheita florestal, mecanização florestal, custos. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE FELLER-BUNCHER IN DIFFERENT DENDROMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST STANDS ABSTRACT:The technical and economic data available on forestry harvesting machines are insufficient, and in some working conditions nonexistent. The objective of this research was to analyze the technical and economic performance of the feller-buncher in different forest stand conditions. The study was carried out in forest harvesting areas located in the southern region of the state of Mato Grosso. The study of time and movements, productivity, mechanical availability, operational efficiency, operating and production costs of the feller-buncher in the volumes of 0.14; 0.16; 0.18; and 0.26 m³ per tree. The individual volumes of the logs had a significant influence on the average time per operational cycle, productivity and cost of production, with the best values found in the largest volumes. An average mechanical availability of 83%, operating efficiency of 96% and operating cost of 305.45 R $ h-1 was observed. The volume per tree has been shown to be an extremely important variable for forest planning.Keywords: forest harvesting, forest mechanization, costs.
USO DE DADOS LiDAR NA ESTIMATIVA DE VARIÁVEIS BIOFÍSICA NA AMAZÔNIA, SOB DIFERENTES RESOLUÇÕES ESPACIAIS
Authors: Rex Franciel Eduardo , Dalla Corte Ana Paula , Debastiani Aline Bernarda , Kazama Verônica Satomi , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: December 2018

A Floresta Amazônica é conhecida pela sua diversidade e quantidade de carbono estocado na biomassa acima do solo (do inglês, Above-Ground Biomass-AGB), o que atrai grande interesse em quantificar estes recursos naturais. Devido às dificuldades de mensuração desses dados em campo, o sensoriamento remoto oferece oportunidade na quantificação destes parâmetros (biomassa e carbono), de forma rápida e com custos relativamente baixos. Porém, a resolução espacial desses dados pode afetar essa estimativa, como é o caso dos resultantes tamanhos de pixels possíveis de se obter com o processamento de dados LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). No presente estudo, foram utilizados dados de laser scanner aerotransportado e de inventário florestal realizado na Floresta Nacional do Jamari, localizado em Rondônia. A partir destes dados, foram obtidos a AGB e Above-Ground Carbon (AGC) para sete diferentes tamanhos de pixel (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 e 100 m) e avaliado seus efeitos nas estimativas de AGB e AGC. Não houve diferença significativas em nível de 95% de probabilidade entre as estimativas de AGB e AGC. Dados LiDAR apresentam grande potencial na obtenção de parâmetros como a AGB e AGC em floresta tropical, mesmo em diferentes resoluções espaciais.Palavras-chave: Floresta tropical, laser scanner, carbono, biomassa. USE OF LiDAR DATA IN THE ESTIMATE OF BIOPHYSICAL VARIABLES IN THE AMAZON, UNDER DIFFERENT SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS ABSTRACT:The Amazon Rainforest is known for its diversity and quantity of carbon stored in above-ground biomass (from English, Above-Ground Biomass-AGB), that attracts great interest in quantifying these natural resources. Due to the difficulties of measuring these data in the field, remote sensing offers the opportunity to quantify these parameters (biomass and carbon), quickly and with relatively low costs. However, the spatial resolution of these data can affect this estimate, as is the case with the resulting possible pixel sizes to be obtained with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data processing. In the present study, were used data from airborne scanner laser and forest inventory realized in the Jamari National Forest, located in Rondônia. From these data, AGB and Above-Ground Carbon (AGC) were obtained for seven different pixel sizes (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 m) and evaluated for their effects on AGB and AGC estimates. There was no significant difference at the 95% probability level between AGB and AGC estimates. LiDAR data present great potential in obtaining parameters such as AGB and AGC in tropical forest, even in different spatial resolutions.Keywords: Rain forest, laser scanner, carbon, biomass.
ALGAE OF MAIN TYPES OF SOILS OF THE FERGANA VALLEY
Authors: Tuhtaboeva Yu.
Published: December 2018

Us studied flora of the algaes light, typical serosem, typically -brown and light -boring ground Ferganskoy valleys within Uzbekistan wide-spread from 250 before 2100 metres on sea level. Light serosem polugidromorfniy, solonchakovatiy, weakly salted. Vegetation matlikovo -оosachkovo –reeked herb.Proektivnoe covering approximately 75%, detention weak.Typical serosem loamy, solonchakovatiy on wood average light loam.Weakly hill. Vegetation matlikovo-pireyno-reeked herb.Proektivnoe covering 70 %, detentionweak.Dark serosem on wood loam.The Steepness beside 25 degrees. Vegetation ziziphora -kostrovo-matlikovaya, draft covering 70 %, detention average.
MONOLAYERS LENGMYUR AZAKRAUN-ESSENTIAL DERIVATIVES OF CALIXES[4]ARENA
Authors: Muravev A.A. , Ivanova E.A. , Yakupov A.T.
Published: December 2018

In this work, aggregation behavior of azacrown-ether derivatives on a macrocyclic calix[4]arene scaffold within ultrathin Langmuir films on water subphase is considered.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COLLAGENOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF MICROMYCETES
Authors: Nikitina Z.K. , Gordonova I.K.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was a comparative study of the collagenolytic activity of micromycetes belonging to two genera: Penicilliumand.Aspergillus. It is shown that all studied types of mycelial fungi can be considered as potential producers of collagenases. Representatives of the genus Penicilliumhave a higher adaptive potential compared to Aspergillus during the growth on the medium with collagen
PEMANFAATAN DEBAT KANDIDAT UNTUK MENJUAL GAGASAN DAN MENUNJUKKAN KOMPETENSI DALAM PILKADA 2015 DI KABUPATEN SOPPENG
Authors: Syadaruddin Andi , Sultan Muhammad Iqbal , Hasrullah Hasrullah
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK Pemilihan kepala daerah merupakan arena kontestasi politik dengan kompetisi antar pasangan kandidat, dan pemenang ditentukan suara terbanyak oleh pemilih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan debat kandidat sebagai sarana menyampaikan pesan-pesan politik dengan cara public speaking dan mengetahui penguasaan materi dengan tujuan mempersuasi khalayak serta membangun opini publik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif Kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah para kandidat pasangan calon, Tim Sukses, dan KPU Kabupaten Soppeng. Penetapan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dua cara yaitu purposif dan aksidental. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua kandidat calon Bupati Soppeng, tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan public speaking. Menyusun materi debat pada dasarnya hasil olah pikir dan ide dari berbagai pihak termasuk dari masyarakat sebagai bentuk penggalangan aspirasi. Materi debat yang sifatnya untuk mempersuasi khalayak yang berisi pesan-pesan yang bertujuan untuk mempengaruhi pendapat dan perilaku khalayak. Kekuatan dari materi debat, yaitu dapat memberikan informasi tentang kandidat kepada khalayak. Kredibilitas pasangan calon Bupati dan Wakil Bupati Soppeng terbangun atas kualitas dan kapasitas atau kekuatan untuk menimbulkan kepercayaan. Kualitas harus dibangun sejak awal, yaitu berupa pengalaman dan pengetahuan.para kandidat termotivasi untuk mempersuasi khalayak adalah untuk mendorong dan mengugah partisipasinya dalam pilkada, serta bahwa audiens merupakan pemilih cerdas yang akan membantu secara sukarela mendukung kandidat tertentu.
RECÂÎ-ZÂDE İBRÂHİM ŞEFÎK DÎVÂNI ÖRNEKLEMİNDE TARİHE EDEBİYATTAN BAKMAK
Authors: ÇAPAN Pervin
Published: December 2018

XIX.yy. şairlerinden olan
Recâî-zâde İbrahim Şefîk Efendi, H.1223/M.1808’de İstanbul’da doğmuştur.
Reisü’l-küttâb Recâî Efendi’nin torunu ve tezkireci Mehmed Celâleddin Bey’in de
oğludur. Küçük yaşta hem yetim, hem de öksüz kalır. Bir hanımın himayesinde
tahsilini sürdürerek, Gölpazârî Şakir Efendi’den Arapça, Cerrahpaşalı Hamdi
Efendi’den de hat öğrenir. 1250’den itibaren devlet hizmetine girer. Sadaret
kâtipliği görevinden başlayarak kabiliyeti ile dikkat çeker. Osman Gazi’den,
Sultan Abdülmecîd’e kadar, padişahların cülus tarihlerini gösteren bir tarih
manzumesi yazarak hâcegânlık derecesine yükselmiş, Sultan V. Murad’ın
velâdetine söylediği tarihle de nişan almıştır. 1263’te Sayda valisi olan Kâmil
Paşa’ya; 1265 yılında ise Mısır valisi Abbas Paşa’ya divan kâtibi olur. 1267
yılında İstanbul’a döner ve 1268’de evkaf muhasebeciliğine kadar yükselir.
H.1273/M.1856’da vefat eder. Recâî-zâde İbrahim Şefîk Dîvânı’nda sefer, fetih, savaş ve zaferler için söylenilen tarihler
başlığı altında değerlendirilmesi gereken pek çok tarih vardır. Bunlardan
Osmanlı tarihinin önemli hadiselerine düşülen tarihlerde şair, çağına tanıklık
eden bir duruşla tarihe belge olabilecek nitelikte bir söyleyiş benimsemiştir

 Bu makalede Recâî-zâde İbrahim Şefîk Dîvânı
örnekleminde şairin Osmanlı-Rus şavaşları üzerine söylediği tarihler ele alınarak
bu tarihlerin manzum tarih geleneği içindeki yeri, önemi ve edebî değerine
dikkat çekilecektir.
Eski Türkçede Yıŋak, Sıŋar, Buluŋ Kelimeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: DOĞAN Aybüke Betül
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada, Eski Türkçede yer
bildiren eş anlamlı yıŋak, sıŋar ve buluŋ kelimeleri incelenmiş; belli başlı Eski Türkçe metinler
taranmak suretiyle, bu kelimelerin kullanım farklılıkları ortaya konulmaya
çalışılmıştır. Köktürkçe, Eski Uygurca’ya ek olarak Karahanlıca metinlerden
Dîvān-ı Lûgati’t-Türk ve Kutadgu Bilig de değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.
Araştırmada, Eski Türkçenin hangi döneminde hangi kelimenin daha sıklıkla
tercih edilmiş olduğu ve yanına hangi unsurları çektiğine dikkat çekilmiştir.
Çalışma yapılırken Eski Türkçe döneme ait metinlerden bir araştırma alanı
belirlenmiş; bu metinler dışında tarama yapılmamıştır. Bu durum, incelememizin
sınırlılığını belirlemiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, çağdaş Türk lehçelerinde, Tarama
ve Derleme Sözlüğü’nde yıŋak, sıŋar ve buluŋ kelimelerinin birebir karşılığı olup olmadığına bakılmış,
ilgili kelimelerden örnekler gösterilmiş; etimolojilerine ve söz grupları
içindeki durumuna değinilmiştir. Böylece Eski Türkçe’nin aynı kavram alanını
karşılayan yıŋak, sıŋar ve buluŋ “taraf, yön, cihet, yan” kelimelerinin söz varlığı içindeki
durumu açıklanmaya çalışılarak, bu alanda katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir.
Halk İnancı Hikâyelerinin Analizi ve Bunun Halk Nesri ve Halk İnancı Araştırmaları Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: BLEHR Otto
Published: December 2018

“Halk İnancı Hikâyelerinin Analizi ve Bunun Halk Nesri ve Halk İnancı Araştırmaları Üzerindeki Etkileri” başlıklı çalışma, Otto Blehr’in “The Analysis of Folk Belief Stories and its Implications for Research on Folk Belief and Folk Prose” başlıklı makalesinin Türkçeye çevirisi olup çevirmen Ahmet Tacetdin HALLAÇ tarafından özgün metnin yayımlandığı Fabula dergisinden gerekli izin alınmıştır. Kaynak makalede özet bulunmamaktadır.
İSİM-FİİLLERİN SÖZLÜK BİRİMİ OLARAK TANIMLARI ÜZERİNE
Authors: ÖZMEN Mehmet
Published: December 2018

Fiil kök ve gövdelerinin
üzerine istisnasız gelebilen  -mAk, -mA ve -Iş/-Uş ekleri, eklendikleri fiilleri geçici olarak isimleştiren
isim-fiil ekleridir. Sıfat-fiil ve zarf-fiillerden faklı olarak isim-fiiller,
sözlük birimi olarak sözlüklerde yer alabilmektedir. Ancak her sözlükte
fiillerin bütün türevlerinin isim-fiiline yer verilmemektedir. Fiillerin ve
türevlerinin isim -fiil tanımları ise, biri veya ikisi açık, ayrıntılı ve net,
diğerleri bu tanıma veya tanımlara gönderilen ve yeterince anlaşılır olmayan
tanımlar olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılabilir. Yeterince tanımlanmayan bir
sözcüğün ayrıntılı ve net olarak tanımlanan bir başka sözcüğe gönderilmesi,
sözlükçülükte “Her sözlük biriminin bir başka sözcüğe bakma gereği duyulmayacak
biçimde, tanımlanması gerekir.” kuralına uymamaktadır. Bu makalede, bu konu ile
ilgili olarak farklı özellikleri olan bak-
besle-, acayipleş-, ağla-, açıkla-, çalış-
fiilleri ile türevlerinin isim-fiil tanımları üzerinde duruldu.
KUTADGU BİLİG II KUTADGU BİLİG'İN METİN TÜRÜ VE TARİHSEL DİYALEKTOLOJİ İÇİN DEĞERİ
Authors: Özönder Sema Barutçu
Published: December 2018

Kutadgu Bilig, adı belli bir
şairin kaleminden çıktığını bildiğimiz yazılı, hatta klasik Türk edebiyatının hâlâ en uzun Türkçe şiiridir. İslâmî
muhitin aruz vezninde gelişmiş Arapça ve Farsça klasik şiir edebiyatının
yanında yeni yeni boy gösteren Türkçe şiirin en önemli temsilcisi Balasagunlu
Yûsuf Has Hacib, "ciddî" kurmaca eserinin yazımına muhitin en uygun
biçimi mesnevîyi seçmiştir. Balasagunlu Yûsuf Has Hacib "büyük
kitab"ında anlatıcısının da bizzat kendisi olduğu "kutlu olma bilgisi" ideolojisine
temel teşkil eden dört ana "şey"i kişileştirmiş, bu "temel"
temsilcisi karakterlerini zaman-mekânda belli bir olay örgüsü içine yerleştirip
karşılıklı konuşturarak eserini inşa etmiştir.