bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governing EU employment policy: does collaborative governance scale up?
Authors: Sørensen Eva , Triantafillou Peter , Damgaard Bodil
Published: September 2018

In the European Union (EU), employment policy is a prerogative of the member states. Therefore the EU’s ability to govern in this area depends on its capability to involve national governments and relevant stakeholders in a collaborative effort to formulate and implement shared policy objectives. Drawing an analytical distinction between cooperation, coordination and collaboration, the chapter analyses the formulation and implementation of EU employment policies. It concludes that while the formulation of policy objectives and the discussion of national policy approaches do involve elements of collaboration, the implementation phase mainly consists in the less demanding forms of cooperation and coordination.
Scale and intensity of collaboration as determinants of performance management gaps in polycentric governance networks: evidence from a national survey of metropolitan planning organisations
Authors: Zia Asim , Koliba Christopher , Meek Jack , Schulz Anna
Published: September 2018

Metropolitan planning organisations (MPOs) present a unique opportunity as real-world laboratories to investigate the dynamics of scale and performance management in polycentric governance networks. Using a 2009 Government Accountability Office survey of all 381 MPOs, this study examines whether the scale and intensity of collaboration of an MPO influences performance management; and tests two hypotheses: (1) small-scale MPOs have a significant performance management gap; (2) larger-scale MPOs with higher scale and intensity of collaboration have a smaller performance management gap. Theoretical implications concerning scale and collaboration in polycentric governance networks are discussed.
Shifts in control disciplines and rescaling as a response to network governance failure: the BCJ case, Brazil
Authors: Kirschbaum Charles
Published: September 2018

Rescaling might be a response to network failure. In order to describe a network’s modes of governance, this chapter borrows the idea of ‘disciplines of control’. This framework is applied to the Brazil Grows Together (BCJ) case, a policy aimed at pregnant women and early childhood care in a state in Brazil. Constituency pressures at state level lead to rescaling, and higher selectiveness, lead network managers to steer vertical communication and promote broader inclusion of stakeholders. The chapter concludes by suggesting general mechanisms that govern rescaling within the network governance framework.
The impact of Pakistani culture and Islamic faith on the lives of The Boys
Authors: Qasim Mohammed
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the role that Pakistani culture played in the lives of The Boys and the relationship they had with their Islamic faith. It is important to explore these influences because Pakistanis living in the UK bear complex identities, with a strong cultural and Islamic heritage. It has been noted by some commentators that multiple sets of values cause second and third generation Pakistanis to suffer an ‘identity conflict’. The chapter looks at some of the challenges The Boys found with certain aspects of Pakistani culture, and proceeds to uncover their thoughts and experiences of Pakistan, a place which they would refer to frequently as ‘back home’, a country which all had visited during some stage of their lives.
Transcending the other: moral economy and universal ethics
Authors: Whitehead Philip
Published: September 2018

If we want to transcend pejorative othering which adversely affects all of us, we have to construct a new political and economic, ethical and cultural settlement to address, respond to, and transform the conditions of existence that produce the pejorative other. Transcendental Materialism provides the psychoanalytical platform to consider this transformational possibility. There will be no change to the current politico-economic order of things until and unless we take seriously the possibility of transcending present arrangements that reproduce the other.
Could custody visiting be made to work?
Authors: Kendall John
Published: September 2018

Custody visiting is not independent, and it is not effective as a regulator. The relation between custody visiting and deaths in custody has been suppressed by the police and the Home Office. The chapter then discusses whether, and if so how, the current system could be rebuilt to provide effective regulation, identifying the radical changes that would be necessary. It would depend on a fundamental reconsideration of all the policy issues; how to deal with the power of the police; independence of the scheme from the state; and would need greatly enhanced statutory powers. The chapter asks why the scheme has been allowed to survive. The explanation is that it causes the police no trouble, and, beyond that, there is a positive reason, that its existence justifies the absence of further regulation. This book provides an authoritative evidence base for a challenge to that line. The revelation to parliament and the public that custody visiting has no legitimacy could lead to a real chance of reform.
Upconversion raster scanning microscope for long-wavelength infrared imaging of breast cancer microcalcifications
Authors: Tseng Yu-Pei , Bouzy Pascaline , Pedersen Christian , Stone Nick , Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter
Published: September 2018

Long-wavelength identification of microcalcifications in breast cancer tissue is demonstrated using a novel upconversion raster scanning microscope. The system consists of quantum cascade lasers (QCL) for illumination and an upconversion system for efficient, high-speed detection using a silicon detector. Absorbance spectra and images of regions of ductal carcinomain situ(DCIS) from the breast have been acquired using both upconversion and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) systems. The spectral images are compared and good agreement is found between the upconversion and the FTIR systems.
Superhydrophobic silver film as a SERS substrate for the detection of uric acid and creatinine
Authors: Lu Yudong , Wu Changji , You Ruiyun , Wu Yang , Shen Huiying , Zhu Lanjin , Feng Shangyuan
Published: September 2018

Superhydrophobic silver films were fabricated by silver-mirror reaction and surface functionalization with thiol. The thiol-functionalization significantly improved the hydrophobic property of the Ag films (AFS), and their contact angle values slightly increased with the extension of a thiol alkyl chain, reaching about 160°. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection capacity of these films were investigated, and AFS-Dodec showed the best substrate for R6G molecule detection with the concentration limit of 10−11 M. AFS functionalized with dodecanethiol (AFS-Dodec) was applied for the SERS detection of uric acid and creatinine, it exhibited good linear dependence relationship between the Raman intensity and analyte concentration in the concentration range of 5~1000 μM.
Prevenção da severidade na planície de inundação do rio Aquidauana na cidade de Aquidauana MS/Brasil: ações com a comunidade local
Authors: Anunciação Vicentina Socorro da , Lima Sant'Anna Neto João
Published: September 2018

A bacia do rio Aquidauana abrange uma área de aproximadamente 21.373,85 Km2, envolve 16 municípios no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul-Brasil e apresenta três unidades fisiográficas: Planalto Maracaju-Campo Grande, Depressão Pantaneira, Planície do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense, abrangendo parte dos biomas Cerrado e Pantanal. Frente ao processo de transformação que redefine a produção e a função do espaço local, o presente artigo busca compreender como se dá a relação da sociedade com a sua produção, a geografia, a escola e a práxis socioambiental.
O Percepção de risco a partir do programa defesa civil na escola em Blumenau
Authors: Ribas de Oliveira Fernanda , De Azevedo Ouriques Juliana Mary , Schramm Correia Luciana
Published: September 2018

Nacionalmente conhecida pelo histórico de inundações e deslizamentos, Blumenau, localizada no Vale do Itajaí, em Santa Catarina, Brasil, registrou desde a sua fundação, em 1850, 92 inundações, além dos movimentos de massa que atingem todas as regiões do município. Diante de sucessivos registros que ocasionaram danos materiais e perdas humanas, foi necessário estruturar a gestão de risco de desastre do município. Uma das ações de prevenção desenvolvidas pelo órgão em parceria com as escolas é o Programa Defesa Civil na Escola, cujo objetivo é tornar as comunidades mais seguras a partir de aulas sobre prevenção de desastres naturais com crianças e adolescentes. O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar a percepção de risco desses alunos por meio da observação participante e pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Constata-se neste artigo que o desenvolvimento da percepção de risco torna-os alunos multiplicadores de prevenção e resiliência.
The British Superhero
Authors: Murray Chris
Published: September 2018

This book reveals the largely unknown and rather surprising history of the British superhero. It is often thought that Britain did not have its own superheroes, yet this book demonstrates that there were a great many in Britain and that they were often used as a way to comment on the relationship between Britain and America. Sometimes they emulated the style of American comics, but they also frequently became sites of resistance to perceived American political and cultural hegemony, drawing upon satire and parody as a means of critique. The book illustrates that the superhero genre is a blend of several influences, and that in British comics these influences were quite different from those in America, resulting in some contrasting approaches to the figure of the superhero. It identifies the origins of the superhero and supervillain in nineteenth-century popular culture such as the penny dreadfuls and boys' weeklies and in science fiction writing of the 1920s and 1930s. The book traces the emergence of British superheroes in the 1940s, the advent of “fake” American comics, and the reformatting of reprinted material. It then chronicles the British Invasion of the 1980s and the pivotal roles in American superhero comics and film production held by British artists today. This book will challenge views about British superheroes and the comics creators who fashioned them.
Introduction
Authors: Murray Chris
Published: September 2018

This book examines the history of the British superhero. It shows that the British subversion of the superhero genre goes back to the 1930s, even as the best-known and most often cited examples of this appeared in the early to mid-1980s, when British writers and artists exerted a significant influence on American superhero comics, forming the first wave of the so-called British Invasion. The book also explores the relationship between British and American comics and the treatment of the superhero in Britain, as well as the various precursors to the superhero in British popular culture. It suggests that the British superhero is a parody of a parody, or at least, often parodies or reinscribes a genre and characters that are themselves decipherable as parody or reinscriptions of previous models. This introduction explains what a superhero is and highlights the key differences between American and British comics.
Contemporary British Superheroes (1994– Present)
Authors: Murray Chris
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines contemporary British superheroes created since 1994. In the aftermath of the phenomenal international success of Watchmen, Arkham Asylum, and The Sandman, British creators and artists became some of the most influential and in demand in the field of comics. Grant Morrison produced his magnum opus, The Invisibles, and Flex Mentallo. The chapter first discusses The Invisibles and Flex Mentallo before considering a number of DC Thomson superheroes. It also analyzes various publications such as The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and Promethea, along with other series that revived some classic British superheroes and villains of the past. Examples are Brit Force, Jack Staff, and Albion. The chapter concludes with an overview of the second wave of the British Invasion and the resurgence of British comics in the city of Dundee.
Opening Doors
Authors: McLaughlin Robert L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines Sondheim’s musicals from West Side Story to Company. West Side Story and Gypsy mark both an apotheosis of the Rodgers and Hammerstein aesthetic and an introduction of postmodern styles and ideas into the musical. West Side Story is concerned with the operations of power and the reproduction of ideology. Gypsy presents a theatricalization of the American Dream, turning it into a series of images without substance. In Forum a trickster protagonist generates multiple, clashing realities. Anyone Can Whistle examines the problem of identity construction. Company dispenses with plot and thus examines narrative as a structure of knowledge and identity. The play’s drama is generated by the tension between its own cyclical structure and the goal-driven linear narrative implied by marriage.
Of Jungle Queens and Amazons: Marvel’s She-Hulk as Poststructural Feminist Icon
Authors: Stevens J. Richard
Published: September 2018

J. Richard Stevens begins the collection with “Of Jungle Queens and Amazons: Marvel’s She-Hulk as Post-Structural Feminist Icon,” considers the contemporary transformation of another action heroine, She-Hulk, from the jungle queen archetype. Stevens emphasizes her humanitarian mission, the strength of her voice against the masculine conventions of superhero narratives, and the ways in which her visual image challenges traditional sexual objectification.
From SuperOther to SuperMother: The Journey toward Liberty
Authors: Mann Nicola
Published: September 2018

In “From SuperOther to SuperMother: The Journey toward Liberty,” Nicola Mann studies the character Martha Washington from Frank Miller and Dave Gibbons’ limited series comic Give Me Liberty (1990). A single mother from Chicago’s Cabrini-Green public housing project here rises to the status of lauded war hero. As an African-American woman, argues Mann, Washington not only re-scripts the familiar trope of the white male superhero, but also offers an alternate vision of the children of urban single mothers. Her success story speaks to contemporary real-world political claims-to-agency for young black women. In particular, the chapter explores the formal voyeurism implicit in Give Me Liberty’s panel sequences. Through the “gutter”—the blank white space between comic book panels—the reader becomes a silent accomplice in deciphering and linking the singular moments described in the panels into a series of topological connections, and, eventually, a continuous unified whole.
Placing Parker: Negotiating the Hegemonic Binary in Leverage
Authors: Helford Elyce Rae
Published: September 2018

Extending the significance of race and class in the first two chapters, Elyce Rae Helford adds attention to sexuality in “Positioning Parker: Negotiating the Hegemonic Binary in Leverage.” Through a queer feminist lens, Helford explores popular culture’s reliance on the doctrine of natural kinds and hegemonic binarism—where the human world is divided into two mandatory, privileged, distinct, and non-overlapping categories. She posits the character of Parker in TNT’s action-drama Leverage (2008-2012) as exemplification of the Woman Fantastic through attention to the ways in which character history and superheroic (or anti-heroic) thieving abilities challenge gender absolutes. Simultaneously, argues Helford, Parker’s romantic relationship with the series’ African American computer hacker character challenges the combined effects of incest and miscegenation taboos. This case study illustrates hegemonic negotiation of the theory of natural kinds that continues to dominate popular culture.
Body Issues in Wonder Woman 90–100 (1994–1995): Good Girls, Bad Girls, Macho Men
Authors: Ormrod Joan
Published: September 2018

Joan Ormrod begins the section with “Body Issues in Wonder Woman 90-100 (1994-1995): Good Girls, Bad Girls, Macho Men.” In an era that saw the emergence of violent, silicone-breasted, wasp-waisted bad girls, D.C.’s Wonder Woman’s sales dropped. In response, Diana/Wonder Woman was reconceptualized to fit the new mold. Study of this shift to elongated, muscular bodies in fetishized clothing and soft-core porn poses, argues Ormrod, is productively achieved through application and critique of Laura Mulvey’s concept of the male gaze. Then, positing an alternative model based on Turner’s notion of the “somatic society,” Ormrod reads the superhuman body as a metaphor for the body within wider culture, offering a historically contextualized commentary on women’s changing place in society in the 1990s.
Forced Glory: Katniss Everdeen, Bella Swan, and Varieties of Virginity
Authors: Wilcox Rhonda V.
Published: September 2018

Rhonda V. Wilcox’s “Forced Glory: Katniss Everdeen, Bella Swan, and Varieties of Virginity” contrasts Twilight’s Bella Swan and The Hunger Games’ Katniss Everdeen. There are many parallels between the characters, from triumph despite low self-esteem within a first-person narrative to being forced to wear elaborate outfits that serve as signs of power. In early repudiation of marriage and the mother, they reflect the pattern of independence illustrated in Janice Radway’s conceptualization of the romance heroine. Virginity is also central to this pattern, where mental impermeability offers a metaphoric echo. Ultimately, where the characters most differ is in agency. Bella’s protection from (mental) penetration is an inborn ability that helps assimilate her into patriarchy. By contrast, Katniss pretends to have sex while being able to choose virginity. She purposefully and much later chooses procreation, while Bella and Edward assert that in their love, they had no choice.
Panel to the Screen
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

Over the past forty years, American film has entered into a formal interaction with the comic book. Such comic book adaptations as Sin City, 300, and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World have adopted components of their source materials' visual style. The screen has been fractured into panels, the photographic has given way to the graphic, and the steady rhythm of cinematic time has evolved into a far more malleable element. In other words, films have begun to look like comics. Yet, this interplay also occurs in the other direction. In order to retain cultural relevancy, comic books have begun to look like films. Frank Miller's original Sin City comics are indebted to film noir while Stephen King's The Dark Tower series could be a Sergio Leone spaghetti western translated onto paper. Film and comic books continuously lean on one another to reimagine their formal attributes and stylistic possibilities. This book examines this dialogue in its intersecting and rapidly changing cultural, technological, and industrial contexts. Early on, many questioned the prospect of a “low” art form suited for children translating into “high” art material capable of drawing colossal box office takes. Now the naysayers are as quiet as the queued crowds at Comic-Cons are massive. The book provides a nuanced account of this phenomenon by using formal analysis of the texts in a real-world context of studio budgets, grosses, and audience reception.
Camp, Verisimilitude, Noir, and Neon: The Historical Evolution towards Stylistic Remediation
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the historical, cultural, industrial, and technological contexts of stylistic remediation between comics and film. It traces the evolution of these various contexts in relation to remediation of style by focusing on three film cycles that span from the blockbuster period that began with Jaws in 1975 to the contemporary period. These cycles are exemplified by the Superman films of the 1970s and 1980s, the Batman films of the 1980s and 1990s, and what Bob Rehak has defined as the high fidelity adaptations of the late 1990s and early 2000s. The chapter first provides a brief contextual history of comic books, film, and television before the blockbusters (1934–1968) before discussing the three cycles: Superman cycle (1978–1987), Batman cycle (1989–1997), and high-fidelity cycle (2000–2013). It shows that, during the Superman cycle, realism was essentially favored over the more formally flamboyant trajectory of stylistic remediation.
The Dread of Sitting through Dailies that Look like Comic Strips: Graphical Remediation in Dick Tracy (1990) and the Remediation of the Multiframe in Hulk (2003)
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the basic taxonomy of stylistic remediation and the various evolving contexts grounding it within film adaptations of comic book properties. More specifically, it considers how two unique aspects of form comics—graphical representation and the multiframe—were remediated by Warren Beatty's Dick Tracy (1990) and Ang Lee's Hulk (2003). It also explores how a filmmaker can attempt to find a cinematic equivalent for the varied modes of graphical representation practiced by a cartoonist. The chapter first provides an overview of graphical remediation in Dick Tracy before discussing the remediation of the multiframe in Hulk. It shows that the remediations exemplifed by both films illustrate the disjunction between the formal vocabularies of the film and the comic. It concludes with an analysis of the economic and formal compromises of stylistic remediation.
The Pupil as Pupil, Or the Instructional Unconscious of Comics
Authors: Chaney Michael A.
Published: September 2018

This book examines how comics, particularly the autobiographical ones, teach their viewers how they ought to be read and how they make abstractions of identity visible. It argues that the comics form carries out major and minor acts of hypostatization by instructing us in “reading” its tropes, and that comics teach us at every turn how to see and think that they are. The book theorizes the form of autobiographical graphic novels as well as their formal unconscious by highlighting a number of mirror moments that predominate autography, suggesting that mirror scenes in comics indicate “failed encounters with the real.” It also considers one of the comics' most prevalent masks—the child; puzzles and other ludic devices in Epileptic, Cancer Vixen, and Fun Home; self-portraiture in contemporary graphic novels; and how history operates in certain autographic texts as a domain of lost experience and community.
Mirror, Mask, and Mise en Abyme in Autobiographical Graphic Novels
Authors: Chaney Michael A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter theorizes the form of autobiographical graphic novels as well as their formal unconscious by analyzing the significance of mirror scenes of subject formation and fragmentation in Marjane Satrapi's two-volume autobiography Persepolis (2003), James Kochalka's American Elf: The Collected Sketchbook Diaries (1998–2004), David B.'s Epileptic (1996–2003; 2005), and Laurie Sandell's The Imposter's Daughter (2009). The chapter begins with the argument that the gutter separating the first two panels of Persepolis is a mirror and a mise en abyme (“to place into the abyss”), the classic trope of a reflection within a reflection. It then considers authorial self-portraiture (the I-con) in American Elf and how it acquires the symbolic potential to express an impossible relation to itself. It also discusses the significance of mirrors to autographic subjects in Imposter's Daughter and Epileptic and concludes that mirrors in the comics imply “failed encounters with the real”.
The Child in and as the Comics
Authors: Chaney Michael A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on one of the comics' most prevalent masks—the child, considered the default face of American comics. The child or youth is an emblem of the comics and an archetype of its mediation. The child I-cons of autography romanticize youth's vistas and vicissitudes to affirm the enduring appeal of the “romantic, Western vision of the sentimental child.” The chapter historicizes a range of comics children by analyzing Richard Outcault's early twentieth-century strip Yellow Kid, Joe Sacco's Palestine (1993), Kyle Baker's Nat Turner (2008), Ariel Schrag's Awkward (1995), and Chris Ware's Jimmy Corrigan. It argues that the child is not simply a recurring subject of the comics but also a formal correlative that fosters philosophical reflection on the complicated nature of temporality.
Richard McGuire’s Here as an Autography of Place
Authors: Chaney Michael A.
Published: September 2018

This book concludes with an analysis of Richard McGuire's graphic novel Here to show how profoundly the architecture of place pervades our reading and seeing. It argues that, like many so-called graphic novels, Here makes use of temporality as if it were the only logic able to make sense of place, with its non-human ontic timelessness. It also considers Here to be ideal for identifying how autobiography operates when it is not a generic paradigm but a mode, precisely because the text is neither künstlerroman nor autography in the traditional sense. There are no recognizable self-portraiture of the artist hard at work, but Here still conjures the work behind the work and the creator who both carries out and covers over that labor. The fact that Here is not a self-announced autobiography helps to conceal the apprenticeship strategies in reading and viewing that structure it.
History and Scope of This Project
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses the method and manner used in compiling the folklore of South Louisiana children. Using varied means, recordings, note-taking, video, and questionnaires, schoolyard folklore collections were compiled over forty-four years. Recordings include children telling jokes and stories, playing ring and line games, chanting, singing, and break-dancing. The folklore collected presents children communicating in subtle and sophisticated ways. Over forty years the use of Black English vernacular remained the speech of choice for schoolyard and street. It entered the vocabulary of countless white teenagers who grew up in integrated schools. Play and laughter functioned as survival tools, and Black English vernacular provided a feeling of community and solidarity.
Girls’ Verbal Play
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents African American girls talking about, as Daryl Dance in Honey Hush said: “men, sex, clothes, hair, cooking, children, and then back to men and sex.” These subjects are approached in a dramatic and distinctly Black way. Girls handclap to “I like coffee/I like tea,” play “The boys like the bacon/The girls like the eggs,” and perform “When I was a baby” using distinctive body motions, intricate clapping, and specific utterances of encouragement. The ring play “I was goin’ to the lake” presents a rare case where girls replace gentle mothering with open aggression. These childhood games represent lore learned by carefully watching and listening to each other and older female relatives and friends.
The African American Child and the Media
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: September 2018

The media had a far-ranging influence on the play of both white and African American South Louisiana children during the period 1967 to 2011. The movies, television, music videos, break dancing, radio, and specific performers like Prince and Michael Jackson electrified school children and gave them new fuel for play. MTV, VH1, and BET all hit the television screen in the early 80s and impacted the young. Black video artists provided African American youth with a sense of “this is us!” and video messages entered play, dance routines, cheerleading, and classroom behavior. Michael Jackson influenced children’s dance and play from 1969 on. His songs inspired all. The media continue to inspire and influence play as television sets proliferate and children watch and imitate even more.
To Infinity and Beyond
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: September 2018

Children’s play is adaptive and the electronic age offers an exciting range of new possibilities. Along with radio television, and IPods, children now play on YouTube, Facebook, Smartphones, Xboxes, Video games, and much more. Children blog, create their own videos, and send instant photos of each other to friends. This chapter covers electronic play, computer play, YouTube and video creation play, interest in Anime, and “flash mobs.” Electronic media are now, for many young people, the closest thing to a mentor. Television viewing and YouTube dictate modes of dress, attitude, morals, and behavior. The electronic world has enfolded the young of South Louisiana, like the young worldwide, into its eerie, flickering light.
HAYTER T. (2004) : Open Borders. The case against immigration controls. London : Pluto Press (201p).
Authors: Baele Stéphane
Published: September 2018

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L’Europe, territoire à construire
Authors: Bouza Garcia Luis , Rousselin Mathieu
Published: September 2018

Cet article analyse les conséquences des comportements migratoires de trois groupes sociaux (les étudiants, les actifs et les retraités) sur les structures sociales européennes. Après avoir passé en revue l’état de la recherche sociologique sur le sujet, l’article identifie deux profils idéal-typiques de migrants européens : d’une part, les personnes prédisposées à la mobilité par leur capital humain et relationnel et d’autre part, celles dont les décisions de migration dépendent de l’existence de structures d’opportunité au niveau européen. L’étude détaille ensuite, pour chaque groupe social, les motivations des décisions individuelles de migration et analyse les conséquences de la démarche migratoire sur les sociétés d’accueil. Les auteurs soulignent l’importance de la socialisation en réseau et notent l’européanisation accrue de certains de ces réseaux. Cette étude conclut qu’il n’est pas possible d’identifier une classe privilégiée d’Européens mobiles, puisque l’accès à la mobilité s’est considérablement démocratisé et ouvert à de nouvelles catégories socioprofessionnelles. En revanche, l’exercice du droit à la mobilité permet aux migrants européens de s’approprier la géographie européenne et de créer du territoire, ce qui pourrait anticiper l’émergence d’une société européenne.
L’expérience et l’identité
Authors: Fernandez Germán Darío
Published: September 2018

Appartenir à un collectif, une catégorie sociopolitique, un groupe, est un accomplissement pratique et quotidien. « Être membre de » n’est pas un fait brut ou de nature, mais bien une pratique, un « faire » qu’on apprend et qu’on mérite en interaction avec l’environnement. Cette conception de l’appartenance ressort de notre étude de l’expérience des jeunes indigènes Huarpes boursiers d’une Université publique argentine. Les objectifs spécifiques de l’article sont de décrire l’expérience interculturelle des indigènes de Mendoza et de mettre en doute l’utilité de la notion d’identité pour rendre compte de leur appartenance à une  catégorie sociopolitique.
Art et Politique
Authors: Laguarda Alice
Published: September 2018

Le développement de pratiques artistiques participatives, relationnelles et contextuelles au sein des sociétés capitalistes démocratiques s’accompagne de multiples modes de relations entre l'artiste et le public. Mais nombre de ces propositions semblent s’être perdues dans la complexité de la matière sociale, propice à la confusion entre animation socio-culturelle, instrumentalisation du public et des artistes ou esthétique compassionnelle. Faut-il en déduire alors que l’artiste est condamné à n’être qu’un professionnel de la communication, qu’un thérapeute des maux de la société ? La poussée des projets et interventions en milieu urbain invite à se demander quelles positions existent aujourd’hui qui permettraient d'évaluer la possibilité d’une fonction critique et polémique de l'artiste. Jochen Gerz nous incite dans Les mots de Paris à réfléchir à la perte de valeur politique de l’espace public. En fondant sa proposition sur la participation d’« exclus » et en ne figeant pas son projet dans une forme conventionnelle, il inverse les règles du jeu artistique et institutionnel, instaure le trouble dans l’appréhension morale de cette « œuvre collective ». Nicolas Simarik et Jean Kerbrat élaborent quant à eux des projets qui cherchent à redéfinir l’autorité de l’artiste, invitant le public à construire un usage actif et critique de l’espace public. L’idée d’une résistance apparaît, contre les logiques de séparations, par l’élaboration de gestes de « profanation ». Ces propositions nous confrontent au sentiment de perte d’appartenance au monde commun, à l’« envahissement du social » et remettent en question, dans leurs processus comme dans leurs partis pris esthétiques, la relation souvent purement fonctionnaliste qu’entretient aujourd’hui le politique vis-à-vis de l’art.
De la participation en art
Authors: Duchesneau Catherine
Published: September 2018

L’art dit « participatif » est né récemment dans le champ de l’art, plaçant au centre du processus de création la participation de sujets. Cette nouvelle forme d’art n’est pas sans rappeler les grands fondements de la démocratie et ceux de la démocratie participative, laquelle renouvelle également la notion de participation. Or, comment l’art peut-il puiser dans les fondements de la démocratie tout en demeurant dans le champ de l’art ? Cet article traitera du rapport qu’entretient l’art actuel avec le politique. Il tentera de renouveler la question de la frontière entre autonomie de l’art et instrumentalisation de l’art à des fins sociales ou politiques en présentant un cas d’alliance possible entre l’art et la participation citoyenne, soit l’Ecomusée du fier monde.
Traumatismes et rituels du nationalisme flamand
Authors: Baele Stéphane
Published: September 2018

Comme l’ironisait le célèbre politologue Robert Jervis, se passer de la psychologie pour comprendre un événement politique revient à effectuer une « recherche d’ivrogne » ; tel l’ivrogne qui cherche ses clefs là où le lampadaire éclaire plutôt que là où il est susceptible de les avoir égarées, le politologue a souvent tendance à lire les événements politiques avec ses seuls outils parce qu’ils lui sont immédiatement disponibles, et non avec les approches les plus pertinentes. En l’espèce, nous pensons que la crise de formation gouvernementale qu’a connue la Belgique en 2010-2011 peut être abordée sous l’angle psychologique. Plus spécifiquement, nous tentons ici de considérer certaines dynamiques psychologiques du nationalisme flamand, à travers une exposition de ses manifestations durant la crise.
Odeurs et représentations de l’Autre pendant la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Courmont Juliette
Published: September 2018

Pendant la Grande Guerre, la figure de l’animalité allemande rencontre un large succès dans les représentations françaises, car elle permet de mettre en système la plupart des reproches adressés à l’ennemi et de le retrancher de l’humanité. Une violence symbolique dans laquelle l’odeur, sens du contact, occupe une place particulière. Lors de l’invasion, l’odeur est perçue de manière indirecte comme une manifestation allemande, car les troupes laissent à dessein derrière elles des excréments dans les maisons envahies. Il s’agit là d’une pratique de cruauté d’une grande violence par ce qui est dit à l’Autre, ce qui est dit de l’Autre. Or l’interprétation des victimes est exactement opposée au message qui leur est adressé. Elles y lisent l’absence de contrôle de l’adversaire, un signe de son animalité. Par ailleurs, confrontés à la présence allemande dans les régions envahies ou au front, des Français dénoncent de façon spontanée une odeur intrinsèque de l’ennemi. Par sa dimension personnelle, la sensation olfactive permet d’approcher les modalités de perception de l’expérience de guerre. Présentant un caractère irréfutable, le discours olfactif contribue, lui, à la violence de la culture de guerre et nous permet d’en esquisser un peu plus les contours.
Recension d'ouvrage
Authors: Bonnard Daniel
Published: September 2018

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« C’est un têtu, vous savez ! »
Authors: Leider Blanche
Published: September 2018

Cet article vise à présenter les résistances qui peuvent être rencontrées dans la relation parent aidé – enfants aidants, au départ d’une expression fréquemment utilisée par les enfants pour décrire leur parent âgé : « c’est un(e) têtu(e) ! ». Nous verrons que derrière ce « trait de caractère », ce que le sociologue décrypte, ce sont bien des tentatives mises en place par les aînés afin de préserver leur autonomie, en réaction aux ingérences découlant de l’exercice de solidarité filiale.
Le bénévolat de compétences comme forme de résistance des seniors
Authors: Ndoye Soukeye
Published: September 2018

Basé sur une enquête menée auprès de responsables bénévoles, cet article décrit les manifestations du bénévolat de compétences des seniors et interroge ses enjeux en prenant le cas particulier de l’association Ecti. Il montre comment cette forme de bénévolat s’inscrit dans une dynamique de professionnalisation des activités bénévoles et comment elle est traversée par des tensions autour d’une quête de valorisation économique de ces activités. Il montre enfin comment des obstacles tels que les réticences des consultants à l’égard du « bénévolat de compétences » s’opposent à ce projet et créent les conditions d’installation d’une forme particulière de résistance.
L'enfance et la sexualité : repenser la subjectivité sexuelle de l'enfant
Authors: Di Spurio Laura
Published: September 2018

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La naturalisation de la ménopause
Authors: Charlap Cécile
Published: September 2018

Cet article aborde le caractère historiquement situé de la ménopause et les différents paradigmes de pensée qui ont construit cette catégorie depuis le XIXe siècle. Que la pléthore sanguine, l’utérus ou les hormones soient convoqués dans l’étiologie des désordres de la ménopause, le genre marque les discours médicaux. Nous analyserons, dans un premier temps, l’invention de la ménopause au début du XIXe siècle en France comme fruit de l’assomption d’un modèle des deux sexes. Nous verrons que cette invention participe du genre, en ce qu’elle affermit une pensée dichotomique et essentialisante construisant une physiologie féminine troublée et à réguler. Nous montrerons, dans un second temps, que la conception hormonale du corps développée dans les années 1920 construit la ménopause comme déficience principielle. Le genre procède aujourd’hui d’une essentialisation du féminin à partir du prisme hormonal.
Le Bien contre le Mal contre Claus
Authors: Willems Gertjan
Published: September 2018

Cet article analyse le film Le Lion des Flandres (Hugo Claus, 1984), en se basant sur une analyse de textes et sur l’exploitation d’archives. Il se concentre sur les relations complexes que ce film entretient avec la question nationale belge et flamande. Cette coproduction flamande et néerlandaise (également adaptée en série télévisée en 1985) est une adaptation du roman historique romantique du même nom d'Hendrik Conscience, publié en 1838, une œuvre marquante dans l'histoire culturelle et symbolique du Mouvement flamand. Malgré diverses difficultés liées au caractère nationalise flamand de l’œuvre de Conscience, les producteurs (dont le ministère flamand de la Culture et la télévision publique de la Communauté flamande) voulaient que le film soit le plus fidèle possible au roman de Conscience. Il en a résulté une production ouvertement romantique et nationaliste flamande et ce, en dépit de quelques contrepoints introduits par le directeur de production Hugo Claus ; un personnage controversé et critiqué mais néanmoins reconnu comme étant extrêmement rigoureux. Bien que Le Lion ait été la production belge néerlandophone la plus coûteuse, le film s'est avéré un échec critique et commercial sans précédent.
Une migration économique ?
Authors: Flipo Aurore
Published: September 2018

Au cours de la dernière décennie, les migrations de travail internes à l’Union européenne ont connu une forte augmentation, en particulier de l’Est à l’Ouest et, plus récemment, du Sud au Nord. Malgré la diversification des pratiques et des itinéraires migratoires, ces mobilités sont souvent regroupées sous le terme de « migrations économiques », et opposées à d’autres formes de mobilité supposées plus électives. À partir de matériaux qualitatifs (37 entretiens biographiques) et quantitatifs (enquêtes nationales), cet article explore les pratiques migratoires des jeunes Polonais et Roumains au Royaume-Uni et en Espagne ainsi que la diversité des usages sociaux de celles-ci. Toutes les pratiques ne jouissent pas de la même légitimité sociale, illustrant la manière dont la mobilité est à la fois socialement structurée et socialement structurante. La notion d’usage social permet alors de comprendre les modes socialement différenciés d’investissement de l’espace géographique.
Des Israéliens en Europe
Authors: Lamarche Karine , Pacalet Arthur
Published: September 2018

Pays d’immigration, Israël a connu tout au long de son existence un mouvement inverse d’émigration. Pendant longtemps, celui-ci a concerné très majoritairement les pays anglo-saxons et en particulier les États-Unis. Depuis quelques années néanmoins, l’Europe et notamment Berlin font figure de nouvelles destinations. Nous suggérons dans cet article que les motifs qui guident les Israéliens vers des pays tels que l’Allemagne et la France, qui ont pour caractéristique commune d’être non-anglophones et d’avoir développé un système social efficace, diffèrent de ceux mis en avant dans les travaux antérieurs sur les pays anglo-saxons, à savoir des motifs principalement économiques. Nous proposons pour cela d’analyser les explications formulées par deux groupes d’acteurs pour justifier leur installation ou leur projet d’installation dans ces pays : des Israéliens installés à Paris et Berlin d’une part, et des candidats au départ rencontrés en Israël d’autre part. Cet article revient également sur les ressources permettant la réalisation de ces projets migratoires, montrant ainsi que ces derniers sont directement liés à des dispositions sociales susceptibles d’être converties en dispositions à la mobilité.
Pour l’amour en sciences sociales
Authors: Jabiot Isabelle , Maskens Maïté , Plancke Carine
Published: September 2018

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Love, a search for transcendence
Authors: Lindholm Charles , Jabiot Isabelle , Maskens Maïté , Plancke Carine
Published: September 2018

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Love beyond continents
Authors: Cole Jennifer , Jabiot Isabelle , Maskens Maïté , Plancke Carine
Published: September 2018

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Ethnicité et nouveaux mouvements sociaux au Cameroun
Authors: Eyenga Georges Macaire
Published: September 2018

L’institutionnalisation des nouveaux mouvements sociaux (NMS) en Afrique subsaharienne a donné à l’anthropologie sociale et politique, un champ d’étude pertinent permettant d’appréhender les mobilisations collectives en contexte de démocratisation. Cette appréhension doit se faire en travaillant une méfiance envers les approches occidentalo-centriques de l’étude des mobilisations. Nous avançons comme idée principale que l’anthropologie des mobilisations en Afrique subsaharienne doit considérer l’ethnicité comme une technologie culturelle structurant la formation et l’action des NMS. Cette réflexion porte particulièrement sur le Cameroun qui présente en son sein de très nombreux NMS donc l’action collective ne peut être saisie sans la prise en compte de la variable ethnique. Il ressort de cette étude deux constats : la formation des NMS sur la base de l’ethnicité de la période précoloniale à celle postcoloniale, et la prédominance du discours ethnique sur le discours nationaliste dans les mobilisations sociales.
Communicative Citizenship and Human Rights from a Transnational Perspective
Authors: Tamayo Gómez Camilo
Published: September 2018

Cet article examine l’expérience de deux mouvements sociaux de victimes de la région d’Antioquia orientale en Colombie. Ces mouvements ont développé une variété de symboles, adopté une perspective transnationale et mis en œuvre des actions de citoyenneté communicative afin de porter des revendications de droits humains au milieu du conflit armé. L’article se base en particulier sur l’étude de cas de deux associations : L’association des femmes organisées de l’Antioquia orientale (AMOR) et L’association provinciale des victimes vers les citoyens (APROVIACI). L’article explore la façon dont ces acteurs ont transféré, puis adopté différents symboles et mis en œuvre des actions de citoyenneté communicative. Les formes d’engagement politique déployées se réfèrent à d’autres groupes de victimes du Sud Global, tels que Les mères de Plaza de Mayo (Argentine) et Que nos filles puissent rentrer à la maison (Mexique). Nous démontrons que les deux associations colombiennes, AMOR et APROVIACI, sont des exemples réussis de transfert, d’adaptation et de mise en œuvre d’actions politiques et de symboles provenant d’autres parties du Sud Global, afin d’améliorer l’activisme social et politique dans leur contexte particulier. Nous introduisons à cet égard le concept de citoyenneté communicative, où les affects et les émotions agissent comme les catalyseurs des actions collectives menées par des groupes contre-publics dans des sociétés marquées par le conflit armé. Par ce biais, la citoyenneté communicative permet de transformer le statut de victime en une condition de citoyenneté active. Enfin, cet article soutient que la construction de symboles qui articulent les dimensions communicatives des droits politiques, sociaux et culturels, peuvent aider les groupes de la société civile et les mouvements sociaux à réparer le sens de la citoyenneté et de l’appartenance collective. Ils permettraient en outre de générer des processus de construction de mémoire sociale, de reconnaissance et de solidarité du point de vue des contre-publics.
Comprendre les luttes sociales dans et depuis le Sud Global
Authors: Gutiérrez Aguilar Raquel , Lagasse Elisabeth
Published: September 2018

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Démontrer les techniques de captage, transport et stockage du CO2 (CTSC) pour le climat
Authors: O'Neill Rebeca
Published: September 2018

L’article revient sur les oppositions publiques qui accompagnent la démonstration des techniques de captage, transport et stockage du CO2 (CTSC) en Europe. Le CTSC regroupe plusieurs techniques visant à séparer et capter le dioxyde de carbone de ses sources industrielles, à le transporter vers un lieu de stockage et à l’isoler de l’atmosphère sur le long terme. Dans un contexte où le changement climatique devient un enjeu reconnu, la stratégie d’un stockage visant à gérer les rejets de CO2 d’origine industrielle gagne en puissance. Durant la dernière décennie, la Commission européenne s’est engagée en partenariat avec des acteurs industriels dans une démarche de « démonstration » du CTSC articulée autour du développement de démonstrateurs sur site afin d’amener ces techniques à un stade commercial. L’article revient sur deux projets industriels abandonnés en 2010. L’analyse permet de saisir les relations entre politique transnationale et échelle locale. Elle révèle les limites d’un modèle de développement technologique qui reporte l’épreuve de la démonstration du CTSC au niveau européen sur les sites, tout en ignorant le potentiel de politisation de cette démonstration au niveau local.