bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOGUĆNOSTI UNAPREĐENJA STEČAJNOG POSTUPKA KORIŠTENJEM INFORMACIONIH TEHNOLOGIJA
Authors: Muratović Hamdija
Published: April 2023

Stečajni zakoni u Bosni i Hercegovini su od njihovog donošenja do danas mijenjani i dopunjavani više puta. U tom procesu zakonodavac se odlučio za donošenje dopune koja omogućava upotrebu informacionih tehnologija, da sve objave idu putem e-oglasne ploče sudova. Treba istaknuti da e-oglasna ploča predstavlja besplatnu i javnu uslugu koja omogućava elektronički pregled i pretraživanje objavljenih odluka i drugih pismena općinskih, kantonalnih i entiteskih sudova u Bosni i Hercegovini. Isto je regulisano i kad je u pitanju javnost u poreskim organima i organima Uprave za indirektno oporezivanje kao i u finansijskimagencijama u izvršnim postupcima. U svakom slučaju, stečajni zakoni u svojim odredbama pojedinačno navodesve sudske podneske na koje se odnose navedena pravila dostave objavom na mrežnoj stranici e-oglasna ploča sudova u predstečajnom i stečajnom postupku. Nadalje, zakoni o stečaju su sada indirektno istakli da se sva sudska pismena dostavljaju objavom pismena na mrežnoj stranici e-oglasnih ploča sudova, a dostava se smatra obavljenom istekom zakonskog roka od dana objave pismena na mrežnoj stranici e-oglasne ploče sudova. Ta se objava pismena na mrežnoj stranici e-oglasna ploča sudova smatra dokazom da je dostava objavljena svim sudionicama, pa i onima za koje je propisana posebna dostava.
KAZNENA DJELA ZLOUPORABE DROGA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
Authors: Juras Damir , Juras Mia
Published: April 2023

U radu se daje prikaz kaznenih djela zlouporabe droga u Republici Hrvatskoj, a uz pojedine institute se navode stajališta pravne teorije i sudske prakse. Kao kaznenopravni odgovor na zlouporabu droga zakonodavac je propisao kaznena djela: neovlaštena proizvodnja i promet drogama te omogućavanje trošenja droga. Uz osnovna kaznena djela propisani su i kvalificirani oblici tih djela, za koje su propisane strože kazne zatvora. Kao obligatorno propisano je oduzimanje droge, tvari za njihovu pripremu, kao i sredstava za njihovu proizvodnju ili trošenje. Počinitelji kaznenih djela zlouporabe droge mogu se osloboditi kazne ako su bitno doprinijeli otkrivanju takvog kaznenog djela. Prijedlog autora je da se posjedovanje droge za osobne potrebe, koje je sadašnjim zakonom propisano kao prekršaj, propiše kao kazneno djelo ukoliko počinitelj nakon više osuda u prekršajnom postupku ponovno bude zatečen u takvom posjedu, a da se proizvodnja i prerada droge za osobne potrebe, koji su sada propisani kao kazneno djelo, propiše kao prekršaj.
Ejerskab og magt i dansk erhvervsliv
Authors: Poulsen Thomas , Pedersen Magnus Skovrind
Published: April 2023

Artiklen konkluderer, at det er vigtigt at forstå ejerskabet af dansk erhvervsliv for at forstå erhvervslivets betydning for magtfordelingen i samfundet. Hidtil har magtudredningen alene behandlet spørgsmålet om erhvervslivets direkte indflydelse pådet politiske niveau. En ny magtudredning bør forholde sig til, hvordan ejerskabet ser ud, og hvad det betyder, og den kan med fordel undersøge dette på andre niveauer end det politiske. Private virksomheder besidder mange ressourcer og har relationer til mange mennesker. Inden for lovens rammer er det ejerskabet, der i sidste ende bestemmer, til hvilke formål og på hvilke betingelser alle disse ressourcer og mennesker bringes i anvendelse.
Magtudredninger og medier
Authors: Willig Ida , Blach-Ørsten Mark
Published: April 2023

En ny magtudredning bør tage sociale medier alvorligt, ligesom den bør tage nye former for mediedeltagelse alvorligt. Samtidigt skal en ny magtudredning selvfølgelig også forholde sig til mediernes egen magt, og de mange skiftede relationer og magtkampe mellem medier og politik. Denne artikel opridser udviklingen af (hovedsagligt) dansk forskning i magt og medier fra 2003 og frem til i dag. Artiklen vil således give et komprimeret overblik over, hvad vi på nuværende tidspunkt ved om dette spørgsmål ud fra den eksisterede forskning samt udpege, hvad der for den danske befolkning kunne være afgørende at få afklaret af kommende forskning. Til dette formål vil artiklen benytte sig af en tidligere mediesociologisk opdeling af spørgsmålet om magt og medier i tre dimensioner: Magten bag medierne, magten i og omkring medierne og magten fra medierne.
Regionalpolitik og statslige overførsler til kommunerne. Er landdistrikterne i fokus for de statslige regionalpolitikker og overførsler?
Authors: Toft Jensen Henrik , Plum Viggo , Skriver Peter
Published: April 2023

Befolkningstilvækst og -fald er i centrum for diskussionerne om den regionale udvikling. Vilkårene i landdistrikter og landkommuner har politisk opmærksomhed og bliver en del af diskussionen om sammenhængen og modstillingen mellem hovedstad og provins eller mellem by og land. Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i den strukturelle baggrund for den regionale udvikling samt i mulighederne for at påvirke de lokale strukturer. På dette grundlag gennemgås statslige initiativer og politikker, der sigter mod at påvirke erhvervs- og levevilkår i forskellige kommuner. Regionalpolitik, centraliseringstendenser og de samlede overførsler til kommuner og landdistrikter fra staten og fra EU vurderes i forhold til udviklingen i landkommuner og landdistrikter. I artiklen peges der på, at rationalet bag de statslige tilskud til kommunerne primært er at skabe mere ensartede økonomiske rammebetingelser for alle land- og bykommuners varetagelse af de kommunale opgaver, altså at fremme et lighedshensyn. Regionale- og landdistriktshensyn samt stedspolitik er kun i fokus for en lille del af de statslige tilskud.
Befolknings- og indkomstudviklingen i danske kommuner
Authors: Hansen Marianne Frank , Sønderby Mikkel , Markeprand Tobias
Published: April 2023

Gennem de seneste 25 år har en stigende andel af ældre, et øget uddannelsesniveau og en lang række af arbejdsmarkedsreformer været med til at præge udviklingen i befolkningens velstand. Grundet kommunale forskelle i befolkningens sammensætning har indkomstgennemslaget af ændringerne dog varieret betydeligt mellem land og by. Dette har betydet, at indkomstspredningen mellem landets kommuner er øget gennem den historiske periode. En fremskrivning med DREAMs mikrosimulationsmodel SMILE tilsiger, at vi også i de kommende 25 år kan forvente en aldrende befolkning og et stigende uddannelsesniveau, der henholdsvis dæmper og styrker indkomstudviklingen. I modsætning til den historiske periode imødeses relativt større velstandsstigninger i landkommunerne end omkring de større byer. Dette skal tilskrives en forholdsmæssig større effekt af udskiftningen af ældre med yngre bedre uddannede generationer, samt at aldringseffekten delvist modgås af de lovbestemte løft i tilbagetrækningsalderen og af stigende udbetalinger fra private og arbejdsgiveradministrerede pensionsordninger. Som følge heraf forventes en mindre geografisk indkomstspredning i fremskrivningen og dermed en mindsket polarisering.
Afstanden mellem danskerne vokser
Authors: Andersen Lars
Published: April 2023

Danmark er et relativt lige land, men der sker et skred. De riges indkomster stikker af fra resten, vi ligner mere og mere vores naboer og ægtefæller, og vores børns klassekammerater har i ringere grad end tidligere andre sociale baggrunde end dem selv. De økonomiske, geografiske og sociale forskelle mellem danskerne er vokset de seneste årtier. Det sænker den indbyrdes tillid og truer sammenhængskraften, der er fundamentet for vores samfundsmodel. Udviklingen skyldes især, at indkomstudviklingen for de rigeste er gået hurtigere end blandt resten af befolkningen.
Medical Treatments and Social Mobility
Authors: Daysal N. Meltem , Trandafir Mircea
Published: April 2023

Economists have long been interested in understanding the relationship between health and socioeconomic outcomes. Existing research consistently links poor health during early childhood to worse well-being in the long-run, including health, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes (Almond and Currie, 2011; Almond, Currie, and Duque, 2018; Currie et al., 2010). Growing evidence also indicates that child health shocks affect the socio-economic outcomes of other family members, such as parental labor supply (Gunnsteinsson and Steingrimsdottir, 2019; Breivik and Costa-Ramón, 2022; Eriksen et al., 2021; Adhvaryu et al., 2022), parental health (Burton, Lethbridge, and Phipps, 2008; Adhvaryu et al., 2022), and sibling academic achievement (Black et al., 2021). A natural question then is whether medical care aimed at improving childhood health may alleviate or eliminate these negative long-run consequences.
La gestion particulière de la classe d’arts plastiques et multimédia au secondaire
Authors: Gagné Maryse , Deslauriers Anne , Lalonde Martin
Published: April 2023

Dans le cours d’arts plastiques en milieu scolaire règne une énergie perceptible par quiconque passe devant la porte. Poser le pied dans le local d’art consiste à pénétrer dans un univers entraînant, animé et imprévisible qui participe à l’élan créateur des élèves. Fondamentalement interdisciplinaire, l’enseignement des arts plastiques au secondaire poursuit la mission de l’école québécoise en développant la créativité de l’élève et sa capacité à comprendre et apprécier les représentations, les « images », auxquelles elle ou il se confronte dans son expérience du monde. L’atelier d’arts plastiques, tout comme celui de multimédia, se veulent donc, avant toute chose, des lieux de recherche et d’exploration où, pour reprendre une expression qu’ils emploient souvent, les élèves peuvent « être libres », ce qui n’est pas le cas pour tout le cursus. Cette liberté se manifeste dans leurs actions et leurs comportements individuels, collectifs et en relation avec leur environnement. Il ne fait aucun doute qu’en raison de la nature mouvante de cette discipline, les élèves s’y expriment d’une manière tout autre. Par conséquent, une gestion de classe particulière est requise, prenant en compte la nature complexe et imprévisible de chaque situation d’apprentissage.
Mieux connaître ses élèves favorise une bonne gestion de classe
Authors: Loiselle Stéphanie
Published: April 2023

Le contact avec la jeunesse est sans doute une des principales raisons qui expliquent pourquoi de nombreuses personnes choisissent la voie de l’enseignement. Leur spontanéité, leur curiosité et leur vivacité sont quelques aspects de leur personnalité qui font que les jeunes ont tant à nous apporter. Cependant, lorsque qu’une bonne gestion de classe est ébranlée, le plaisir d’enseigner peut rapidement faire place au stress. Il n’y a pas de recette magique pour assurer une gestion saine et propice à l’apprentissage, il y a néanmoins un principe de base ; le développement de relations sociales positives (Gaudreau, 2011).
Une gestion de classe réussie est une composition multiple de facteurs
Authors: Manière Depachtère Anne
Published: April 2023

Une gestion de classe réussie est une composition multiple de facteurs aussi divers que:
Qu’est-ce que la transdisciplinarité ? Tour d’horizon des différentes perspectives
Authors: Fitzbay Simon
Published: April 2023

Cet article propose un survol des différentes perspectives qui composent la transdisciplinarité. D’abord conceptualisée au sein des travaux de Jean Piaget, d’Érich Jantsch et d’André Lichnerowicz, la transdisciplinarité a connu une série de transformations et d’évolutions conceptuelles qui ont aidé à mieux définir cette pratique. Nous observerons comment les travaux de Morin, Nicolescu et Gibbons ont mené à de nouvelles perspectives transdisciplinaires se traduisant dans de nombreux travaux ayant des objectifs humanistes et fonctionnalistes. Nous ferons ensuite un bref recensement des principales critiques et limites associées à la pratique transdisciplinaire qui démontre une certaine distance entre l’approche théorique de la transdisciplinarité et son application réelle.
Mobiliser la transdisciplinarité comme posture de recherche : le cas de l’analyse des politiques publiques de l’université au Québec
Authors: Bernatchez Jean
Published: April 2023

Cet article vise à démontrer pourquoi et comment nous mobilisons la transdisciplinarité comme posture de recherche pour le cas de l’analyse des politiques publiques de l’université au Québec. La transdisciplinarité est une posture de recherche riche et féconde, mais qui présente néanmoins plusieurs défis sur le plan de la faisabilité et quant à son accueil dans l’espace scientifique. Nous précisons dans cet article notre posture de recherche, balisée par quatre principes : la transdisciplinarité, la contextualisation, la dialogique et la systémique. Nous présentons l’espace de sens qui permet de contextualiser notre objet de recherche, constitué de deux champs : l’enseignement supérieur et les sciences studies. Nous présentons les quatre pôles (épistémologique, morphologique, théorique et technique) et les choix afférents de la dynamique de notre recherche. Nous illustrons une contribution rendue possible par la mobilisation de la transdisciplinarité dans cet espace de sens que sont les politiques publiques de l’université au Québec.
Transdisciplinarité et pratique clinique en santé mentale : quels enjeux éthiques ?
Authors: Renaud Sandrine , Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: April 2023

La transdisciplinarité est une avenue prometteuse pour rendre les soins et les services de santé mentale plus accessibles, mais peut induire des enjeux éthiques, lesquels ne sont pas actuellement documentés. L’étude présentée dans cet article, basée sur la typologie de Swisher et al. (2005), visait à décrire les enjeux éthiques rencontrés par une équipe transdisciplinaire qui intervient en santé mentale. Des entretiens qualitatifs semi-dirigés ont été réalisés pour recueillir les perceptions de dix membres de cette équipe transdisciplinaire. L’analyse des verbatim fait émerger des enjeux éthiques correspondant à trois unités de sens : 1) l’ambivalence à dépasser les frontières disciplinaires; 2) les conflits d’allégeance envers le référent axiologique de l’équipe; 3) les difficultés à partager la prise de décision. Lorsque ces enjeux éthiques se posent, certaines valeurs chères aux intervenantes ainsi que certains droits fondamentaux des usagères sont susceptibles d’être bafoués. Trois pistes de réflexion critique sont proposées pour adopter une pratique transdisciplinaire respectueuse de l’éthique.
Questioning or reading out the testimony of a minor in Russian criminal procedure
Authors: Maksimova Tatiana , Markova Tatiana
Published: April 2023

The article examines the right of the court not to summon a minor victim or witness to a court session for questioning and the possibility of announcing his testimony, which was previously given during the preliminary investigation, if technical means of recording his production were used during the interrogation with the help of video recording or filming. This problem is investigated in the context of the relationship between the immediacy of the trial, the right of the accused to defense, and above all the right of the accused to personally interrogate witnesses against him, as well as the need to protect minor victims and witnesses, providing them with additional guarantees. The subject of the study is not only the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, but also international legal acts. The article for the first time examines the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which establish additional criteria for assessing the legality and validity of the disclosure of the testimony of minor victims and witnesses, including the conduct of a confrontation between these persons and the accused; the presence of legal representatives and a psychologist during the interrogation of minors; video recording of the interrogation at the preliminary investigation. The article formulates proposals for improving the norms of criminal procedure legislation, taking into account the balance of interests of the parties and the rights of minor participants in the process. In particular, it is proposed to conduct an interrogation of a minor in court in the absence of the defendant by his defender.
Discovery of lipid binding sites in a ligand-gated ion channel by integrating simulations and cryo-EM
Authors: Bergh Cathrine , Rovšnik Urška , Howard Rebecca J. , Lindahl Erik
Published: April 2023

Ligand-gated ion channels transduce electrochemical signals in neurons and other excitable cells. Aside from canonical ligands, phospholipids are thought to bind specifically to the transmembrane domain of several ion channels. However, structural details of such lipid contacts remain elusive, partly due to limited resolution of these regions in experimental structures. Here, we discovered multiple lipid interactions in the channel GLIC by integrating cryo-electron microscopy and large-scale molecular simulations. We identified 25 bound lipids in the GLIC closed state, a conformation where none, to our knowledge, were previously known. Three lipids were associated with each subunit in the inner leaflet, including a buried interaction disrupted in mutant simulations. In the outer leaflet, two intrasubunit sites were evident in both closed and open states, while a putative intersubunit site was preferred in open-state simulations. This work offers molecular details of GLIC-lipid contacts particularly in the ill-characterized closed state, testable hypotheses for state-dependent binding, and a multidisciplinary strategy for modeling protein-lipid interactions.
A study on the classification of stylistic and formal features in English based on corpus data testing
Authors: Li Shuhui
Published: April 2023

The traditional statistical and rule combination algorithm lacks the determination of the inner cohesion of words, and the N-gram algorithm does not limit the length of N, which will produce a large number of invalid word strings, consume time and reduce the efficiency of the experiment. Therefore, this article first constructs a Chinese neologism corpus, adopts improved multi-PMI, and sets a double threshold to filter new words. Branch entropy is used to calculate the probabilities between words. Finally, the N-gram algorithm is used to segment the preprocessed corpus. We use multi-word mutual information and a double mutual information threshold to identify new words and improve their recognition accuracy. Experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this article has been improved in accuracy, recall and F measures value by 7%, 3% and 5% respectively, which can promote the sharing of language information resources so that people can intuitively and accurately obtain language information services from the internet.
ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПРЕДЕЛЫ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕПЛЕНИЯ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Тетельмин В.В.
Published: April 2023

В последние десятилетия обнаружилось, что человек, в погоне за производством возрастающего количества энергии, опасно нагревает всё земное пространство. Тысячи дымовых труб и выхлопы миллиарда автомобилей расшатывают климатическую систему (КС) Земли, основными составляющими которой являются Мировой океан (МО), атмосфера и суша. Современные годовые выбросы мировой экономикой основных парниковых газов следующие: СО около 40 млрд т; СН – 330 млн т; NO – 8.2 млн т. Гипертрофированная зависимость мировой энергетики от ископаемого топлива привела к выбросу в атмосферу более 2 трлн т основного парникового газа СО, из которых около половины усваивается мировой растительностью и Мировым океаном, а вторая половина антропогенных выбросов аккумулируется атмосферой.
Trends in Buprenorphine Initiation and Retention in the United States, 2016-2022
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Nguyen Thuy D. , Zhang Jason , Conti Rena M. , Lagisetty Pooja , Bohnert Amy S.
Published: April 2023

This study uses data from an all-payer database of prescriptions dispensed in US retail pharmacies to assess trends in buprenorphine initiation and retention during 2016-2022.
Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination Among Individuals With Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Alcantara Monica , Koh Maria , Park Alison L. , Bril Vera , Barnett Carolina
Published: April 2023

Importance

There are limited data regarding COVID-19 outcomes and vaccine uptake and safety among people with myasthenia gravis (MG).

Objective

To investigate COVID-19–related outcomes and vaccine uptake among a population-based sample of adults with MG.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, matched cohort study in Ontario, Canada, used administrative health data from January 15, 2020, and August 31, 2021. Adults with MG were identified using a validated algorithm. Each patient was matched by age, sex, and geographic area of residence to 5 controls from the general population and from a cohort of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Exposure

Patients with MG and matched controls.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were COVID-19 infection and related hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and 30-day mortality among patients with MG vs controls. Secondary outcomes were uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among patients with MG vs controls.

Results

Among 11 365 233 eligible Ontario residents, 4411 patients with MG (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [15.6] years; 2274 women [51.6%]) were matched to 22 055 general population controls (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [15.6] years; 11 370 women [51.6%]) and 22 055 controls with RA (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [15.6] years; 11 370 women [51.6%]). In the matched cohort, 38 861 of 44 110 individuals (88.1%) were urban residents; in the MG cohort, 3901 (88.4%) were urban residents. Between January 15, 2020, and May 17, 2021, 164 patients with MG (3.7%), 669 general population controls (3.0%), and 668 controls with RA (3.0%) contracted COVID-19. Compared with general population controls and controls with RA, patients with MG had higher rates of COVID-19–associated emergency department visits (36.6% [60 of 164] vs 24.4% [163 of 669] vs 29.9% [200 of 668]), hospital admissions (30.5% [50 of 164] vs 15.1% [101 of 669] vs 20.7% [138 of 668]), and 30-day mortality (14.6% [24 of 164] vs 8.5% [57 of 669] vs 9.9% [66 of 668]). By August 2021, 3540 patients with MG (80.3%) vs 17 913 general population controls (81.2%) had received 2 COVID-19 vaccine doses, and 137 (3.1%) vs 628 (2.8%), respectively had received 1 dose. Of 3461 first vaccine doses for patients with MG, fewer than 6 individuals were hospitalized for MG worsening within 30 days of vaccination. Vaccinated patients with MG had a lower risk than unvaccinated patients with MG of contracting COVID-19 (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30-0.60).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study suggests that adults with MG who contracted COVID-19 had a higher risk of hospitalization and death compared with matched controls. Vaccine uptake was high, with negligible risk of severe MG exacerbations after vaccination, as well as evidence of effectiveness. The findings support public health policies prioritizing people with MG for vaccination and new COVID-19 therapeutics.
Determining the quality control frequency of an MR‐linac using risk matrix (RM) analysis
Authors: Ma Min , Yan Hui , Li Minghui , Tian Yuan , Zhang Ke , Men Kuo , Dai Jianrong
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Quality control (QC) is performed routinely through professional guidelines. However, the recommended QC frequency may not be optimal among different institutional settings. Here we propose a novel method for determining the optimal QC frequency using risk matrix (RM) analysis.

Methods and materials

A newly installed Magnetic Resonance linac (MR‐linac) was chosen as the testing platform and six routine QC items were investigated. Failures of these QC items can adversely affect treatment outcome for the patient. Accordingly, each QC item with its assigned frequency forms a unique failure mode (FM). Using FM‐effect analysis (FMEA), the severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D) of each FM was obtained. Next, S and D based on RM was used to determine the appropriate QC frequency. Finally, the performance of new frequency for each QC item was evaluated using the metric E = O/D.

Results

One new QC frequency was the same as the old frequency, two new QC frequencies were less than the old ones, and three new QC frequencies were higher than the old ones. For six QC items, E values at the new frequencies were not less than their values at the old frequencies. This indicates that the risk of machine failure is reduced at the new QC frequencies.

Conclusions

The application of RM analysis provides a useful tool for determining the optimal frequencies for routine linac QC. This study demonstrated that linac QC can be performed in a way that maintains high performance of the treatment machine in a radiotherapy clinic.
The use of a thin guide‐wire for urethral definition in prostate SBRT treatments with Cyberknife
Authors: Sevillano David , Hervás Asunción , García‐Fuentes Juan D. , Vallejo Carmen , López Fernando , Colmenares Rafael , Capuz Ana Belén , Morís Rafael , Cámara Miguel , Galiano Pablo , Williamson Sandra , Chillida Rubén , Béjar María Josefa , Prieto Daniel , García‐Vicente Feliciano
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To study and analyze the effect of the use of a thin guide‐wire instead of a Foley catheter for urethral definition in prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments and to compare treatment parameters in both situations.

Material and Methods

Thirty‐seven prostate SBRT patients were employed in this study. A Foley catheter was employed in nine of them, and a guide‐wire was employed in the other 28 patients. For each of the 28 patients in which the guide‐wire was employed, a comparison between urethral positions in both situations was performed, allowing for a margin definition of the urethra when a Foley catheter was employed. Displacements of the prostate during treatment were obtained, allowing for an analysis of prostate positions in both situations. Also, different treatment parameters such as the number of treatment interruptions, couch movements performed, and x‐rays needed were gathered.

Results

Large differences between urethral positions can be found in the anterior‐posterior (AP) directions compared to those in the lateral (LAT) direction. Differences are also larger in areas closer to the base of the prostate, where margins applied in the case of using a Foley catheter are 16 mm with a mean displacement of 6 mm in the posterior direction. No differences in the treatment parameters were found during treatment in both situations. The difference found in absolute prostate pitch rotations suggests that the Foley catheter provokes a shift of the prostate position, which does not occur when employing the guide‐wire.

Conclusions

Foley catheters shift the urethral position, making them a wrong surrogate of the urethra when no catheters are present. The margins needed to assess uncertainties introduced by the use of a Foley catheter are larger than those usually applied. The use of a Foley catheter did not present any additional difficulty during treatment delivery in terms of images employed or interruptions produced.
A Green Electrically Conductive Textile with Tunable Piezoresistivity and Transiency
Authors: Cataldi Pietro , Steiner Pietro , Liu Mufeng , Pinter Gergo , Athanassiou Athanassia , Kocabas Coskun , Kinloch Ian A. , Bissett Mark A.
Published: April 2023

A green textile‐based conductor with controllable electrical resistance change with deformation and transiency (i.e., dissolution in water) will be the holy grail in wearable electronics since it can satisfy divergent needs with a single solution and be sustainable simultaneously. Nevertheless, designing such material is challenging since opposite requirements shall be satisfied. To solve such a problem, cotton is functionalized using conductive inks made of graphene or carbon nanofiber, a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol binder, and environmentally friendly solvents. The electrical resistance shows an anisotropic response to bending depending on the composition of the coating and the stress direction, functioning either as a deformable compliant electrode or a tunable piezoresistor. Indeed, it can withstand thousands of bending cycles with a change in resistance of less than 5% or change its resistance by many orders of magnitude with the same deformation thanks to the combination of cotton twill and different nanofillers. A simple modification in the binder composition adding waterborne polyurethane allows the coating to go from entirely transient in water within minutes to withstanding simulated washing cycles for hours without losing its electrical conductivity. This green versatile conductor may serve opposing needs by altering the material composition and the deformation direction.
Substrate Engineering for Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Large‐Scale 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Li Shaohua , Ouyang Decai , Zhang Na , Zhang Yi , Murthy Akshay , Li Yuan , Liu Shiyuan , Zhai Tianyou
Published: April 2023

The large‐scale production of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is essential to realize their industrial applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been considered as a promising method for the controlled growth of high‐quality and large‐scale 2D TMDs. During a CVD process, the substrate plays a crucial role in anchoring the source materials, promoting the nucleation and stimulating the epitaxial growth. It thus significantly affects the thickness, microstructure, and crystal quality of the products, which are particularly important for obtaining 2D TMDs with expected morphology and size. Here, an insightful review is provided by focusing on the recent development associated with the substrate engineering strategies for CVD preparation of large‐scale 2D TMDs. First, the interaction between 2D TMDs and substrates, a key factor for the growth of high‐quality materials, is systematically discussed by combining the latest theoretical calculations. Based on this, the effect of various substrate engineering approaches on the growth of large‐area 2D TMDs is summarized in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of substrate engineering for the future development of 2D TMDs are discussed. This review might provide deep insight into the controllable growth of high‐quality 2D TMDs toward their industrial‐scale practical applications.
Free Standing Dry and Stable Nanoporous Polymer Films Made through Mechanical Deformation
Authors: Hsu Hsiao‐Ping , Singh Manjesh K. , Cang Yu , Thérien‐Aubin Héloïse , Mezger Markus , Berger Rüdiger , Lieberwirth Ingo , Fytas George , Kremer Kurt
Published: April 2023

A new straight forward approach to create nanoporous polymer membranes with well defined average pore diameters is presented. The method is based on fast mechanical deformation of highly entangled polymer films at high temperatures and a subsequent quench far below the glass transition temperature Tg. The process is first designed generally by simulation and then verified for the example of polystyrene films. The methodology does not need any chemical processing, supporting substrate, or self assembly process and is solely based on polymer inherent entanglement effects. Pore diameters are of the order of ten polymer reptation tube diameters. The resulting membranes are stable over months at ambient conditions and display remarkable elastic properties.
Emergence of Dynamically‐Disordered Phases During Fast Oxygen Deintercalation Reaction of Layered Perovskite
Authors: Yamamoto Takafumi , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kosuge Taiki , Sugai Akira , Tsunoda Naoki , Kumagai Yu , Beppu Kosuke , Ohmi Takuya , Nagase Teppei , Higashi Kotaro , Kato Kazuo , Nitta Kiyofumi , Uruga Tomoya , Yamazoe Seiji , Oba Fumiyasu , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Azuma Masaki , Hosokawa Saburo
Published: April 2023

Determination of a reaction pathway is an important issue for the optimization of reactions. However, reactions in solid‐state compounds have remained poorly understood because of their complexity and technical limitations. Here, using state‐of‐the‐art high‐speed time‐resolved synchrotron X‐ray techniques, the topochemical solid‐gas reduction mechanisms in layered perovskite Sr3Fe2O7−δ (from δ ∼ 0.4 to δ = 1.0), which is promising for an environmental catalyst material is revealed. Pristine Sr3Fe2O7−δ shows a gradual single‐phase structural evolution during reduction, indicating that the reaction continuously proceeds through thermodynamically stable phases. In contrast, a nonequilibrium dynamically‐disordered phase emerges a few seconds before a first‐order transition during the reduction of a Pd‐loaded sample. This drastic change in the reaction pathway can be explained by a change in the rate‐determining step. The synchrotron X‐ray technique can be applied to various solid‐gas reactions and provides an opportunity for gaining a better understanding and optimizing reactions in solid‐state compounds.
Reversing Free‐Electron Transfer of MoS2+x Cocatalyst for Optimizing Antibonding‐Orbital Occupancy Enables High Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Gao Duoduo , Deng Pinsi , Zhang Jianjun , Zhang Liuyang , Wang Xuefei , Yu Huogen , Yu Jiaguo
Published: April 2023

The interaction between a co‐catalyst and photocatalyst usually induces spontaneous free‐electron transfer between them, but the effect and regulation of the transfer direction on the hydrogen‐adsorption energy of the active sites have not received attention. Herein, to steer the free‐electron transfer in a favorable direction for weakening S−Hads bonds of sulfur‐rich MoS2+x, an electron‐reversal strategy is proposed for the first time. The core–shell Au@MoS2+x cocatalyst was constructed on TiO2 to optimize the antibonding‐orbital occupancy. Research results reveal that the embedded Au can reverse the electron transfer to MoS2+x to generate electron‐rich S(2+δ)− active sites, thus increasing the antibonding‐orbital occupancy of S−Hads in the Au@MoS2+x cocatalyst. Consequently, the increase in the antibonding‐orbital occupancy effectively destabilizes the H 1s‐p antibonding orbital and weakens the S−Hads bond, realizing the expedited desorption of Hads to rapidly generate a lot of visible H2 bubbles. This work delves deep into the latent effect of the photocatalyst carrier on cocatalytic activity.
Regioselective cycloruthenation of N‐(benzylidene)benzylamines: Enantiopure catalysts for transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Martinez‐Segura Albert , Eusamio Javier , Medina Yaiza M. , Ariz Katherine , Gutiérrez Albert , Albert Joan , Granell Jaume , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Grabulosa Arnald
Published: April 2023

The reaction between N‐(benzylidene)benzylamines (p‐RC6H4CH=NCH2C6H5; R = Cl, H, NO2, F, OMe), [RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)]2 and potassium acetate has cleanly furnished the corresponding cycloruthenated complexes C1–C5. The process is completely regioselective, with the formation in all cases of the endo‐derivative, independently of the substituent of the aromatic ring. The five‐membered endo‐metallacycles C6 and C7 can also be obtained from the enantiopure imines (RC)‐p‐RC6H4CH=NCHMeC10H7 (R = Cl, H, respectively) working under similar conditions. The crystal structures of the seven metallated compounds have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. These complexes are active as catalyst precursors for the reduction of acetophenone and benzophenone by transfer hydrogenation. An enantiomeric excess of up to 77% at room temperature has been obtained with the complex C7 in the reduction of acetophenone.
Multilevel structured PA66@BN nanofiber filter prepared via solution blow spinning and spraying for efficient particulate matter removal
Authors: Zhang Xuechao , Pan Shuaixing , Lin Xin , Li Ruitao , Wang Yun
Published: April 2023

Air pollution is currently a huge threat to human health, which leads to heavy demand for efficient air filters. Herein, this work reports a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate a multilevel structure PA66@BN air filter to remove fine particles by combination solution blow spinning (SBS) and spraying. In this study, the composite membrane contains three structural features at multiscale: 1D polyamide 66 (PA66), 2D large surface area boron nitride nanosheets (BN), and 3D interconnecting network structure fiber membranes. The filtration efficiency of the composite membrane for PM2.5 and PM10 is >95%, the pressure drop is only 53 Pa, and the removal rate of 0.3 μm ultrafine particles also can reach 90%, which realizes the characteristics of high efficiency and low resistance of high‐quality filter. The presence of large transverse size BN increases the specific surface area and roughness of the nanofibers, reduces the probability of particle reflection and escape, and enhances the mechanical interception effect of the nanofibers on PM, while preserving the complex porous structure of 3D interconnection. Therefore, this study provides an economical and low‐energy consumption new strategy for fabricating air filters with special forms to cope with the increasingly serious air pollution.
Optimal combination of UV‐induced cationic ring opening polymerization monomers for light‐weight automotive plastic coating
Authors: Park Junyoung , Lee Do Wan , Noh Seung Man , Jung Hyun Wook
Published: April 2023

CROP reactivity of organic coatings composed of three structurally different monomers with epoxy or oxetane derivatives was investigated, focusing on rheological and surface mechanical properties. Real‐time crosslinking behavior of CROP monomers was monitored using a rotational rheometer. Results of differential scanning calorimetry with in situ UV irradiation revealed that the ring opening reactivity of CROP monomers protonated by a photoacid generator (PAG) was correlated with the heat released during the exothermic polymerization reaction. In addition, reaction conversions of monomers with epoxy and oxetane groups were compared using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) under dark curing conditions. Surface and internal mechanical properties of coating films, including adhesion with polycarbonate substrate, were comprehensively evaluated by nano‐indentation, nano‐scratch, and surface and interfacial cutting analysis system (SAICAS) tests. By understanding the unique crosslinking characteristics of each CROP monomer, the ternary CROP monomer system, optimally containing with ECC of 53.6 wt%, DOX of 22.9 wt%, and DEO of 15.3 wt%, exhibited improved crosslinking density (G′ from 104 to 107 Pa) and exceptional mechanical (with scratch resistance increasing from 7.11 to 16.17 mN for Lc1), adhesion (with crosscut resistance increasing from 0 to 5B), and transparency properties, surpassing the performance of unitary ECC coating system.
Enhancing anti‐meltdrop and smoke suppression properties of flame retardant poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric by fiber‐blending method
Authors: Liang Shuheng , Xie Qibao , Xu Qibin , Sun Zhaomei , Liu Yuying , Jiang Xijiong , Liu Pengqing , Jiang Mengjin
Published: April 2023

Flame retardant poly(ethylene terephthalate) (FRPET) fabrics are widely used in daily life. However, the meltdrop and visible smoke produced during combustion significantly limit its further application. This study proposes a simple but effective method of fiber‐blending to improve the above shortcomings. On the basis of synergistic flame retardancy of nitrogen and phosphorus, the FRPET was blended with flame retardant viscose (FRV) and intrinsic nitrogen‐containing flame retardant fibers (NIFRFs), to prepare the binary and ternary blended FRPET samples labeled as NIFRF/FRPET and FRV/NIFRF/FRPET, respectively. The limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter test show that the ternary‐blending could effectively suppress the combustion of FRPET fiber composite. The smoke density test and UL‐94 vertical combustion test indicate that ternary‐blending could better improve the meltdrop characteristics and smoke suppression property than binary‐blending. Among all samples, FRV/PMIA/FRPET (1:4:5) owns the highest LOI of 32.6% and lowest smoke density of 61.37. The investigation of residual char utilizing scanning electron microscopy, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the Laser Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the FRPET meltdrop would adhere to the surface of component fibers to avoid droplets. Besides, fiber‐blending could increase the yield and degree of graphitization of residual char, which is conducive to improving samples' flame retardancy through the condensed phase. This work may provide a workable strategy to expand the application areas of FRPET fabrics.
Effect of triethylene glycol bis(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)propionate on structure and mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Shule , Zhang Xiaoming , Liu Xin , Chen Zilong , Lin Jun , He Shaojian
Published: April 2023

Clay modification by organic ammonium salts has been widely introduced in rubber/clay nanocomposites, but it is inapplicable in the polar rubbers to achieve high performance due to bad dispersion and poor compatibility. In this work, gel‐compounding method was utilized to prepare nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/clay nanocomposite, and then a hindered phenol antioxidant, triethylene glycol bis(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)propionate (AO‐245) with various contents, was mechanically blended to enhance the interactions in the nanocomposites. The elongation at break increases while the Shore A hardness, permanent set and stress at 100% or 300% strain decrease by adding AO‐245 into the nanocomposites. By adding only 5 phr AO‐245 in the nanocomposite, the tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 18.3 MPa and 521% to 20.5 MPa and 646%, respectively, which resulted from the repeated destruction/construction of the hydrogen bonds between AO‐245 and NBR. At high AO‐245 content, both clay networks and AO‐245 aggregate networks coexist in the nanocomposite, and the excess AO‐245 in the NBR matrix can form a separated phase leading to a new internal friction peak.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Total Hip Replacement Due to Hip Osteoarthritis in Women
Authors: Marchand Nathalie E. , Hu Yang , Song Mingyang , Rosner Bernard A. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Ratzlaff Charles , Lu Bing , Liang Matthew H. , Willett Walter C.
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and hip osteoarthritis in women. Alcohol has been associated with both adverse and beneficial health effects generally; however, the relationship between alcohol consumption and hip osteoarthritis has been minimally studied.

Methods

Among women in the Nurses’ Health Study cohort in the US, alcohol consumption was assessed every 4 years, starting in 1980. Intake was computed as cumulative averages and simple updates with latency periods of 0–4 through 20–24 years. We followed 83,383 women without diagnosed osteoarthritis in 1988 to June 2012. We identified 1,796 cases of total hip replacement due to hip osteoarthritis defined by self‐report of osteoarthritis with hip replacement.

Results

Alcohol consumption was positively associated with hip osteoarthritis risk. Compared with nondrinkers, multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.90, 1.19) for drinkers of >0 to <5 grams/day, HR 1.12 (95% CI 0.94, 1.33) for 5 to <10 grams/day, HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.10, 1.56) for 10 to <20 grams/day, and HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.09, 1.64) for ≥20 grams/day (P for trend < 0.0001). This association held in latency analyses of up to 16–20 years, and for alcohol consumption between 35–40 years of age. Independent of other alcoholic beverages, the multivariable HRs (per 10 grams of alcohol) were similar for individual types of alcohol intake (wine, liquor, and beer; P = 0.57 for heterogeneity among alcohol types).

Conclusion

Higher alcohol consumption was associated with greater incidence of total hip replacement due to hip osteoarthritis in a dose‐dependent manner in women.

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Multi‐objective optimization models for the renewal planning of multiple asset classes
Authors: Chen Thomas Ying‐Jeh , Wang Eric , Pasch Nicole , Ganjidoost Amin
Published: April 2023

Managing the aging infrastructure of water distribution systems presents a challenge for many utilities. With various asset types competing for limited dollars, designing an effective asset management program is a resource allocation problem. Mobilization of equipment and crew is a significant cost (typically 2%–10%) within any capital improvement program. Therefore, selecting projects that target multiple asset classes together can reduce mobilization and help utilities stretch their budgets further. This research presents a process for modeling the joint renewal planning of multiple asset classes. The problem is framed as a dual‐objective optimization, where the selection of project areas aims to maximize lead service line removal and water meter changeout together. A case study from a Midwest utility is presented, and empirical data suggests the dual‐objective approach effectively reduces duplicate interventions in the same regions. Equity considerations are also examined, where constraints are added to enforce system‐wide project selection. Results show that the sensitivity of the objective toward equity is dependent on the underlying spatial distribution of the target asset itself, where uneven spread of the target asset leads to greater negative impact on model performance.
Teaching self‐control to reduce overt food stealing by children with autism and developmental disorders
Authors: Zhou Liming , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhai Yuxin , Zhang Geyi , Wang Xin
Published: April 2023

Food stealing is often a serious behavioral problem among children with diagnoses of autism and other developmental disorders. Very few empirical studies concerning this behavioral challenge have been reported. We applied a correspondence training procedure to teach self‐control as replacement behavior to four children with autism and developmental disorders who displayed food stealing in the community. A changing criterion design embedded within a nonconcurrent multiple‐probe across participants design was used. The treatment succeeded for all four participants by increasing latency to eating highly preferred food to a predetermined criterion and reducing occurrences of food stealing to zero. Three participants generalized the replacement behavior to natural settings and maintained the behavior for 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 4 months. One participant without expressive language was taught successfully during treatment trials but failed to maintain and generalize the behavior. A functional relation between delaying food eating and Say‐Do correspondence training was demonstrated.
LC‐HRMS Profiling and Phenolic Content, Cholinesterase, and Antioxidant Activities of Terminalia citrina
Authors: Özler Ebubekir , Topal Fevzi , Topal Meryem , Öztürk Sarıkaya Sevim Beyza
Published: April 2023

Terminalia citrina (T. citrina) belongs to the Combretaceae family and is included in the class of medicinal plants in tropical countries such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, and India. The antioxidant activities of lyophilized water (WTE) and alcohol extracts (ETE) of T. citrina fruits, their phenolic content by LC‐HRMS, and their effects on cholinesterases (ChEs; AChE, acetylcholinesterase, and BChE, butyrylcholinesterase) were investigated. Especially ten different analytical methods were applied to determine the antioxidant capacity. Compared with similar studies for natural products in the literature, it was determined that both WTE and ETE exhibited strong antioxidant capacity. Syringe and ellagic acids were higher than other acids in ETE and WTE. IC50 values for ETE and WTE in DPPH radical and ABTS⋅+ scavenging activities were calculated as 1.69–1.68 μg mL−1 and 6.79–5.78 μg mL−1, respectively. The results of the biological investigations showed that ETE and WTE had an inhibition effect against ChEs, with IC50 values of 94.87 and 130.90 mg mL−1 for AChE and 262.55 and 279.70 mg mL−1 for BChE, respectively. These findings indicate that with the prominence of herbal treatments, T. citrina plant may guide the literature in treating Alzheimer's Disease, preventing oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction.