bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney transplantation using ipsilateral arterial and contralateral venous anastomosis in a patient with failing vascular access
Authors: Hogan Donnacha , Norton Sarah Marie , Davis Niall Francis , Mohan Ponnusamy
Published: January 2024

Herein, we describe our surgical technique and outcome of a kidney transplant in a patient with failing vascular access. A right donor kidney was transplanted into the right iliac fossa with an end‐to‐side arterial anastomosis to the ipsilateral right common iliac artery and end‐to‐side venous anastomosis to the contralateral left common iliac vein. The possibility of performing an ipsilateral arterial and contralateral venous anastomosis has been shown here to be successful. No post‐operative surgical complications were encountered.
Fatigue responses of metallic glass‐based stochastic network nanomaterial: Superior strain‐hardening ability
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Li Jiejie , Hu Yiqun , Ding Suhang , Wu Wenwang , Xia Re
Published: January 2024

Engineering materials commonly suffer from cumulative and irreversible damage during cyclic deformation, leading to fatigue failure. Developing materials with better fatigue resistance is imperative. This work reports a metallic glass network nanomaterial that possesses superior strain‐hardening ability. After a certain number of fatigue tests, the peak stress of the nanomaterial can even be up to four times its original value. This superior strain‐hardening ability originates from the unique plastic mechanism. During cyclic deformation, localized shear transformation zones form and develop, especially in the stress concentration regions. Ligaments crosslinked to these regions cannot sustain their original configurations and contract toward these plastic hinges, resulting in the collapse and coalescence of voids. This densification enhances the engineering stress during each cycle. The fatigue features can be altered by adjusting the cyclic frequency. Stronger strain‐hardening ability can be achieved at lower cyclic frequencies.
Fine sediment and the insecticide chlorantraniliprole inhibit organic‐matter decomposition in streams through different pathways
Authors: Mack Leoni , Buchner Dominik , Brasseur Marie V. , Kaijser Willem , Leese Florian , Piggott Jeremy J. , Tiegs Scott D. , Hering Daniel
Published: January 2024

Intensive agriculture drives an ongoing deterioration of stream biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the planet. Key agricultural stressors include increased deposited fine sediment and insecticides flushed from adjacent land into streams. The individual and combined effects on aquatic biota are increasingly studied, but the functional consequences of biodiversity loss associated with agricultural stressors remain poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by examining the effects of fine sediment and different concentrations of the insecticide chlorantraniliprole on organic‐matter decomposition.

We conducted an outdoor stream mesocosm experiment. Mesocosms contained a standardised organic‐matter assay (the cotton‐strip assay), which was used to assess organic‐matter decomposition rates (as tensile‐strength loss of the fabric) and microbial respiration of the cotton strips.

The decomposition rate of strips buried under fine sediment was inhibited, a result we attribute to the limited accessibility for invertebrate feeding and microbial activities, as well as the limited nutrient and dissolved oxygen exchange. The insecticide also inhibited decay rates, a finding we relate to reduced invertebrate grazing and associated excessive algal growth. In contrast to decomposition rates, we did not observe stressor effects on microbial respiration. An interaction between fine sediment and chlorantraniliprole was not identified.

Our results suggest that stressors induced by agriculture affect functions of stream ecosystems through a variety of pathways and operate by modifying habitats and biotic interactions.

By examining a combination of stressors and responses that have not been addressed before, this study gives important insights into the effects of agricultural practices on streams. Understanding the effects of chlorantraniliprole is especially important since it is likely to become more widely used in future agricultural practice due to the increasing ban on neonicotinoid insecticides. Furthermore, most experimental studies address multiple stressor effects on biota. For a comprehensive understanding of complex stressor effects on ecosystems, ecosystem functions also need to be studied, such as the organic‐matter decomposition within streams.
Relationship between mortality and vitality in patients with mild cognitive impairment/dementia: An 8‐year retrospective study
Authors: Kuroda Yujiro , Sugimoto Taiki , Satoh Kenichi , Nakagawa Takeshi , Saito Tami , Noguchi Taiji , Komatsu Ayane , Uchida Kazuaki , Fujita Kosuke , Ono Rei , Arai Hidenori , Sakurai Takashi
Published: January 2024

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the association of vitality, as measured using the vitality index (Vix), with the survival outcomes of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Methods

We analyzed data from 3731 patients in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology – Life Stories of Individuals with Dementia cohort from July 2010 to September 2018. The main focus was to correlate Vix scores with the time from the initial visit to death. Vix was categorized into “moderately to severely impaired” (0–7 points), “mildly impaired” (8–9 points), and “normal” (10 points) groups. Survival outcomes were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for various factors. We conducted a mediation analysis to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and basic activities of daily living (BADL) on the association between vitality and mortality. Stratified analysis was also conducted for the Mini‐Mental State Examination groups.

Results

We included 2740 patients with an average follow‐up of 1315 days. The mortality rate was 15.7%. The Vix distribution was 16% at 0–7 points; 40%, 8–9 points; and 44%, 10 points. Patients in the “moderately to severely impaired” category, characterized by lower Vix scores, exhibited notably higher mortality rates. Mediation effects emphasized the significant roles of BMI, IADL, and BADL in influencing survival outcomes.

Conclusions

Vitality significantly influences patient survival rates. The association between vitality and mortality seems to be mediated by IADL and BADL, which has significant clinical implications. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 221–228.
Expert United Kingdom consensus on the preservation of joint health in people with moderate and severe haemophilia A: A modified Delphi panel
Authors: Laffan Mike , McLaughlin Paul , Motwani Jayashree , Alamelu Jayanthi , Austin Steve , Classey Stephen , Dolan Gerard , Eales Marie , Gooding Richard , Grainger John , Harrison Catherine , Jones April , Kelly Anne M. , Oyesiku Lara , Rodgers Ryan , Stephensen David , Talks Kate , Sonecha Shaneil , Danquah Andrew
Published: January 2024

Aim

For people with haemophilia A (PwHA), bleeding in the joints leads to joint damage and haemophilia‐related arthropathy, impacting range of motion and life expectancy. Existing guidelines for managing haemophilia A support healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PwHA in their efforts to preserve joint health. However, such guidance should be reviewed, considering emerging evidence and consensus as presented in this manuscript.

Methods

Fifteen HCPs experienced in the management of PwHA in the UK participated in a three‐round Delphi panel. Consensus was defined at ≥70% of panellists agreeing or disagreeing for Likert‐scale questions, and ≥70% selecting the same option for multiple‐ or single‐choice questions. Questions not reaching consensus were revised for the next round.

Results

26.8% (11/41), 44.8% (13/29) and 93.3% (14/15) of statements reached consensus in Rounds 1, 2 and 3, respectively. HCPs agreed that prophylaxis should be offered to patients with a baseline factor VIII (FVIII) level of ≤5 IU/dL and that, where there is no treatment burden, the aim of prophylaxis should be to achieve a trough FVIII level ≥15 IU/dL and maintain a longer period with FVIII levels of ≥20–30 IU/dL to provide better bleed protection. The aspirational goal for PwHA is to prevent all joint bleeds, which may be achieved by maintaining normalised (50–150 IU/dL) FVIII levels.

Conclusion

The panel of experts were largely aligned on approaches to preserving joint health in PwHA, and this consensus may help guide HCPs.
Evaluating patient participation in value‐based healthcare: Current state and lessons learned
Authors: Westerink Henrike J. , Garvelink Mirjam M. , van Uden‐Kraan Cornelia F. , Zouitni Ouisam , Bart Hans A. J. , van der Wees Philip J. , van der Nat Paul B. ,   the Santeon Patient Participation Study Group
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Value‐based healthcare (VBHC) focusses on increasing value for patients. Hospitals aim to implement VBHC via value improvement (VI) teams for medical conditions. To determine the patient's perspective on value, collective patient participation is important in these teams. We therefore evaluated the current state of patient participation in VI teams and share lessons learned.

Methods

This mixed‐methods study was conducted at seven collaborating hospitals in the Netherlands. A questionnaire (the public and patient engagement evaluation tool) was tailored to the study's context, completed by VI team members (n = 147 from 76 different VI teams) and analysed with descriptive statistics. In addition, 30 semistructured interviews were held with VI team members and analysed through thematic analysis. Data were collected between February 2022 and January 2023 and were triangulated by mapping the quantitative results to the interview themes.

Results

Thirty‐eight of the 76 included VI teams reported using a form of patient participation. Many respondents (71%) indicated a lack of a clear strategy and goal for patient participation. Multiple VI team members believed that specific knowledge and skills are required for patients to participate in a VI team, but this led to concerns regarding the representativeness of participating patients. Furthermore, while patients indicated that they experienced some level of hierarchy, they also stated that they did not feel restricted hereby. Lastly, patients were satisfied with their participation and felt like equal VI team members (100%), but they did mention a lack of feedback from the VI team on their input.

Conclusion

The results imply the lack of full implementation of patient participation within VI teams. Guidelines should be developed that provide information on how to include a representative group of patients, which methods to use, how to evaluate the impact of patient participation, and how to give feedback to participating patients.

Patient and Public Contribution

Two patient advisors were part of the research team and attended the research team meetings. They were involved as research partners in all phases of the study, including drafting the protocol (e.g., drafting interview guides and selecting the measurement instrument), interpreting the results and writing this article.
Association between triglyceride glucose index and depression in hypertensive population
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Dan , Guo Shanshan , Yang Jie , Liu Yang
Published: January 2024

Growing evidence suggests that hypertensive individuals have a greater risk of developing depression, and depression can also increase the incidence of hypertension. In the hypertensive population, the association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and depression remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between TyG index and depression in hypertensive people through the cross‐sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018). To assess the relationship between TyG index and depression in hypertensive population, we conducted weighted multiple logistic regression models and used a generalized additive model to probe for nonlinear correlations. In addition, we employed a recursive algorithm to determine the inflection point and established a two‐piece linear regression model. This study enrolled 5897 individuals. In the model adjusted for all covariates, the ORs (95% CI) for the relationship between TyG index and depression in hypertensive population were 1.32 (1.12–1.54). A nonlinear association was found between TyG index and depression, with an inflection point at 8.7. After the inflection point, the ORs (95% CI) were 1.44 (1.15–1.79). Only the interaction with the obese population was statistically significant. Our study highlighted a nonlinear association between TyG index and depression in American hypertensive adults.
Improving dose‐related adverse drug events among hospitalized older adults using a geriatric prescribing context
Authors: De Lima Bryanna , Nohner Mitchell , Drago Kathleen
Published: January 2024

Background

Adverse drug events (ADEs) during hospitalization are a serious, yet preventable concern for older adults. Our institution designed a Geriatric Prescribing Context (GPC) to adjust doses for the older adult population but its impact on ADEs was unknown. The goal of this study was to assess any differences in rates of ADEs before and after its implementation in July 2017.

Methods

We used relevant ICD‐10 codes followed by confirmatory chart review to identify dose‐related ADEs from 10 commonly used medications at our institution. We assessed differences in the number of admissions with an ADE before and after the GPC implementation using a test of binomial proportions. The pre‐period was from July 2016 through June 2017 and the post‐period was from August 2017 through July 2018. We compared the rate of ADEs per 1000 patient days between periods with a Poisson rate test and further examined any differences in harm categories using a Fisher's exact test.

Results

The proportion of admissions with any dose‐related ADEs significantly decreased from 0.0082 to 0.0037 after the GPC (p = 0.04). The rate of dose‐related ADEs also declined from 2.5 per 1000 patient days to 1.1 per 1000 patient days (p = 0.001). Harm categories did not change significantly between time points (p = 0.30).

Conclusions

Based on our list of relevant ICD‐10 codes, the GPC was associated with lower dose‐related ADEs for our selected medications among hospitalized older adults.
The association of nursing home infection preventionists' training and credentialing with residentCOVID19 deaths
Authors: Kang Jung A. , Stone Patricia W. , Glance Laurent G. , Dick Andrew W.
Published: January 2024

Background

Nursing home (NH) residents' vulnerability to COVID‐19 underscores the importance of infection preventionists (IPs) within NHs. Our study aimed to determine whether training and credentialing of NH IPs were associated with resident COVID‐19 deaths.

Methods

This retrospective observational study utilized data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network NH COVID‐19 Module and USAFacts, from May 2020 to February 2021, linked to a 2018 national NH survey. We categorized IP personnel training and credentialing into four groups: (1) LPN without training; (2) RN/advanced clinician without training; (3) LPN with training; and (4) RN/advanced clinician with training. Multivariable linear regression models of facility‐level weekly deaths per 1000 residents as a function of facility characteristics, and county‐level COVID‐19 burden (i.e., weekly cases or deaths per 10,000 population) were estimated.

Results

Our study included 857 NHs (weightedn = 14,840) across 489 counties and 50 states. Most NHs had over 100 beds, were for profit, part of chain organizations, and located in urban areas. Approximately 53% of NH IPs had infection control training and 82% were RNs/advanced clinicians. Compared with NHs employing IPs who were LPNs without training, NHs employing IPs who were RNs/advanced clinicians without training had lower weekly COVID‐19 death rates (−1.04 deaths per 1000 residents; 95% CI −1.90, −0.18), and NHs employing IPs who were LPNs with training had lower COVID‐19 death rates (−1.09 deaths per 1000 residents; 95% CI −2.07, −0.11) in adjusted models.

Conclusions

NHs with LPN IPs without training in infection control had higher death rates than NHs with LPN IPs with training in infection control, or NHs with RN/advanced clinicians in the IP role, regardless of IP training. IP training of RN/advanced clinician IPs was not associated with death rates. These findings suggest that efforts to standardize and improve IP training may be warranted.
Loneliness in older primary care patients and its relationship to physical and mental health‐related quality of life
Authors: Williams‐Farrelly Monica M. , Schroeder Matthew W. , Li Claudia , Perkins Anthony J. , Bakas Tamilyn , Head Katharine J. , Boustani Malaz , Fowler Nicole R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Loneliness is a significant public health challenge in the United States, especially among older adults. The epidemiology of loneliness among older adults in primary care is lacking, and specific research is needed on how loneliness impacts older primary patients' physical, mental, and cognitive health. A large sample of older primary care patients were recruited for a trial during the COVID‐19 pandemic to measure the relationship between loneliness and physical and mental quality of life (QOL).

Methods

Baseline data come from the Caregiver Outcomes of Alzheimer's Disease Screening (COADS) study, an ongoing randomized controlled trial evaluating benefits and risks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias screening among primary care patients ages 65 and older, collected April 2020 to September 2021. Loneliness was measured with the 5‐item, Loneliness Fixed Form Ages 18+ from The NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery, physical and mental health‐related QOL was measured with the SF‐36v2, and depression and anxiety severity were measured with the PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7, respectively.

Results

Spearman correlation analyses revealed that loneliness was moderately correlated with mental health QOL (r[601] = −0.43, p < 0.001), anxiety severity (r[601] = 0.44, p < 0.001), and depression severity (r[601] = 0.42, p < 0.001), while weakly correlated with physical health QOL (r[601] = −0.15, p < 0.001). After conducting unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models, we found that loneliness was significantly associated with both lower mental (p < 0.001) and physical (p < 0.001) QOL. Furthermore, loneliness remained significantly associated with worse mental QOL after adjusting for age, gender, race, ethnicity, educational level, perceived income status, neighborhood disadvantage, severity of comorbidities, and comorbid depression and anxiety.

Conclusion

Primary care providers should discuss loneliness with their older adult patients and provide resources to help patients develop and maintain meaningful social relationships.
Climate risk and commercial mortgage delinquency
Authors: Holtermans Rogier , Kahn Matthew E. , Kok Nils
Published: January 2024

Natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, heatwaves, and wildfires are projected to become more prevalent in the foreseeable future. Climate risk is, therefore, increasingly recognized as an important factor by policy makers, the investment community, and financial markets. Due to the immobility of assets, the commercial real estate industry is especially vulnerable to climate risk, and there is an increasing interest to understand the impact of climate risk on the value of commercial real estate. For commercial real estate lenders, changes in collateral value are only of partial importance. The ability of borrowers to meet their payment obligations is equally, if not more important. By combining historical data on two major climate‐related disasters—Hurricanes Harvey and Sandy—with longitudinal information on commercial mortgage performance, this paper identifies the impact of climate risks on mortgage delinquency rates for commercial real estate mortgages. The results show that both Harvey and Sandy led to elevated levels of commercial mortgage delinquency, with significant heterogeneity based on the extent of damage in the Census block group. Information provided through FEMA 100‐year floodplain maps partially mitigates the effects, an indication that lenders incorporate flood risk information in the underwriting process. An analysis of potential mechanisms indicates a decrease in property income during the 2‐year period following the event for Hurricane Harvey, but no evidence of income effects for Sandy.
Melatonin as a key regulator in seed germination under abiotic stress
Authors: Wang Lei , Tanveer Mohsin , Wang Hongling , Arnao Marino B.
Published: January 2024

Seed germination (SG) is the first stage in a plant's life and has an immense importance in sustaining crop production. Abiotic stresses reduce SG by increasing the deterioration of seed quality, and reducing germination potential, and seed vigor. Thus, to achieve a sustainable level of crop yield, it is important to improve SG under abiotic stress conditions. Melatonin (MEL) is an important biomolecule that interplays in developmental processes and regulates many adaptive responses in plants, especially under abiotic stresses. Thus, this review specifically summarizes and discusses the mechanistic basis of MEL‐mediated SG under abiotic stresses. MEL regulates SG by regulating some stress‐specific responses and some common responses. For instance, MEL induced stress specific responses include the regulation of ionic homeostasis, and hydrolysis of storage proteins under salinity stress, regulation of C‐repeat binding factors signaling under cold stress, starch metabolism under high temperature and heavy metal stress, and activation of aquaporins and accumulation of osmolytes under drought stress. On other hand, MEL mediated regulation of gibberellins biosynthesis and abscisic acid catabolism, redox homeostasis, and Ca2+ signaling are amongst the common responses. Nonetheless factors such as endogenous MEL contents, plant species, and growth conditions also influence above‐mentioned responses. In conclusion, MEL regulates SG under abiotic stress conditions by interacting with different physiological mechanisms.
Hepatocyte growth factor is protective in early stage but bone‐destructive in late stage of experimental periodontitis
Authors: Zhao Xiaomin , Liu Weijia , Wu Zhicong , He Xiaoxi , Tang Yinghua , He Qian , Lin Chuyin , Chen Yannan , Luo Gang , Yu Ting , Wang Xinhong
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective

Clinical studies found high levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression in patients with periodontitis. Studies suggest that HGF plays an important role in periodontitis, is involved in inflammation, and modulates alveolar bone integrity in periodontitis. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HGF in the progression of experimental periodontitis.

Methods

We used silk thread ligation to induce periodontitis in HGF‐overexpressing transgenic (HGF‐Tg) and wild‐type C57BL/6J mice. The effects of HGF overexpression on alveolar bone destruction were assessed by microcomputed tomography imaging at baseline and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. We analyzed the cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) and lymphocytes in periodontitis tissues by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. The effects of HGF on alveolar bone destruction were further tested by quantifying the systemic bone metabolism markers CTXI and PINP and by RNA sequencing for the signaling pathways involved in bone destruction. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to further elucidate the involved signaling pathways.

Results

We found that experimental periodontitis increased HGF production in periodontitis tissues; however, the effects of HGF overexpression were inconsistent with disease progression. In the early stage of periodontitis, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone destruction were significantly lower in HGF‐Tg mice than in wild‐type mice. In the late stage, HGF‐Tg mice showed higher inflammatory responses and progressively aggravated bone destruction with continued stimulation of inflammation. We identified the IL‐17/RANKL/TRAF6 pathway as a signaling pathway involved in the HGF effects on the progression of periodontitis.

Conclusion

HGF plays divergent effects in the progression of experimental periodontitis and accelerates osteoclastic activity and bone destruction in the late stage of inflammation.
Thromboembolism prophylaxis practices of pediatric and congenital electrophysiologists during invasive electrophysiology studies: A PACES survey
Authors: Bhansali Suneet , Antonchak Michael , Cecchin Frank , Tan Reina Bianca
Published: January 2024

Background

Thromboembolic events related to invasive electrophysiology studies, while rare, can have devastating consequences. Use of systemic anticoagulation for a pediatric or adult‐congenital invasive electrophysiology study is recommended, however there is no established standard of practice in this population.

Objective

To report on procedural practices for thromboembolism prophylaxis during invasive electrophysiology studies for pediatric patients and adults with congenital heart disease.

Methods

An anonymous web‐based survey was sent to the members of the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society. The survey focused on pre‐procedural, intra‐procedural, and post‐procedural thromboembolism prophylaxis practices during invasive electrophysiology studies. Significant practice variation was defined as <90% concordance among respondents.

Results

Survey was completed by 73 members; 52 (71%) practicing in the United States, 65 (89%) practicing in an academic institution, and 14 (19%) in an institution that performs more than 200 invasive electrophysiology procedures annually. Responses showed significant variation in practice. Prior to an invasive electrophysiology procedure, 25% discontinue aspirin while 47% discontinue anticoagulants. Heparin is given for all procedures by 32%. When heparin is administered, the first dose is given by 32% after sheaths are placed, 42% after crossing into the systemic atrium, and 26% just prior to systemic‐side ablation. Most target an activated clotting time between 200–300 seconds. Post systemic‐side ablation, 58% do not initiate a heparin infusion. Post‐procedural oral agents were initiated on day of procedure by 34% of respondents and on post‐procedure day 1 by 53%. If treating with aspirin, 74% use low‐dose (3–5 mg/kg or 81 mg daily), and 68% treat for 4–6 weeks.

Conclusion

There is significant variation in thromboembolism prophylaxis for invasive EP studies among pediatric and congenital electrophysiologists. Further studies are needed to optimize the management of thromboembolism prophylaxis in this population.
Pediatric consultative dermatology: A survey of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology workforce reveals shortcomings in existing practice models of pediatric dermatology consult services in the United States
Authors: Pineider Juliana L. , Rangu Sneha A. , Shaw Katharina S. , Cipriano Sarah D. , Oza Vikash S.
Published: January 2024

The rate of pediatric hospitalization for cutaneous pathology has been increasing in recent years, often requiring the expertise of consulting pediatric dermatologists; however, the infrastructure of inpatient pediatric dermatology consultative services remains poorly characterized. We sought to assess the structure, consult volume, physician compensation, and utilization of teledermatology in pediatric dermatology inpatient services to better understand the current care model. Our survey of 118 pediatric dermatologists revealed that 89% of respondents see between 1 and 10 new consults per week, 39% perform all inpatient consults including evening and weekends without assistance from other providers, 71% do not have protected time during the week to provide inpatient consultations, and only 10% receive financial compensation via stipend. By highlighting both the high demand for pediatric consultative dermatology as well as the significant burden placed on these providers by existing practice models, we hope to encourage a reappraisal of the current infrastructure of pediatric inpatient dermatology to increase structural and financial support for this vital service.
Anti‐spike antibody durability after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: McAteer John , Kalluri Divya D. , Abedon Rivka R. , Qin Caroline X. , Auerbach Scott R. , Charnaya Olga , Danziger‐Isakov Lara A. , Ebel Noelle H. , Feldman Amy G. , Hsu Evelyn K. , Mohammad Saeed , Perito Emily R. , Thomas Ashley M. , Chiang Teresa P. Y. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline M. , Segev Dorry L. , Werbel William A. , Mogul Douglas B.
Published: January 2024

Background

Adolescent solid organ transplant recipients (aSOTRs) who received three doses of the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine experience high seroconversion rates and antibody persistence for up to 3 months. Long‐term antibody durability beyond this timeframe following three doses of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine remains unknown. We describe antibody responses 6 months following the third vaccine dose (D3) of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination among aSOTRs.

Methods

Participants in a multi‐center, observational cohort who received the third dose of the vaccine were analyzed for antibodies to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain (Roche Elecsys anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐S positive: ≥0.8, maximum: >2500 U/mL). Samples were collected at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐months post‐D3. Participants were surveyed at each timepoint and at 12‐months post‐D3.

Results

All 34 participants had positive anti‐RBD antibody titers 6 months post‐D3. Variations in titers occurred between 3 and 6 months post‐D3, with 8/28 (29%) having decreased antibody levels at 6 months compared to 3 months and 2/28 (7%) reporting increased titers at 6 months. The remaining 18/28 (64%) had unchanged antibody titers compared to 3‐month post‐D3 levels. A total of 4/34 (12%) reported breakthrough infection within 6 months and 3/32 (9%) reported infection after 6–12 months following the third dose of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine.

Conclusions

The results suggest that antibody durability persists up to 6 months following three doses of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA in aSOTRs. Demography and transplant characteristics did not differ for those who experienced antibody weaning. Breakthrough infections did occur, reflecting immune‐evasive nature of novel variants such as Omicron.
Challenges faced in establishing a pediatric liver transplant program in a lower‐middle‐income country with free healthcare service
Authors: Fernando Meranthi , Tillakaratne Suchintha , Gunetilleke Bhagya , Liyanage Chamila , Appuhamy Chinthaka , Weerasuriya Aruna , Uragoda Buddhika , Welikala Nadeeshya , Ranaweera Liyanage , Ganewatte Eranga , Dissanayake Janaki , Mudalige Anushka , Siriwardana Rohan
Published: January 2024

Background

Liver transplant is the cure for children with liver failure. Sri Lanka is a lower‐middle‐income country with a predominant free, state health system. Pediatric liver transplant program in Sri Lanka is still in the budding state where the initial experience of the program is yet to be documented.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed including the clinical characteristics of all pediatric liver transplant recipients of Colombo North Centre for Liver Diseases since the inception of the program from June 2020 to May 2023.

Results

There were 14 PLT performed in 3 years. The median recipient age and weight were 8 years (6 months–15 years) and 23.3 kg (6.4–49.2), respectively. The majority were boys (64%). All were from low‐income backgrounds. Indications for LT were acute liver failure (5/14), decompensated chronic liver disease (5/14), and acute on chronic liver failure (4/14). Underlying liver diseases were Wilson disease (6/14), autoimmune liver disease (3/14), biliary atresia (2/14) and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (1/14), and unknown etiology (2/14). The majority were living donor liver transplants (86%). Of the living donors, 42% (5/12) were Buddhist priests. There were three immediate deaths and two late deaths. The 3‐month survival was 78%, and overall survival was 64%. Living donor transplants carried a higher success rate (92%) compared to diseased donor transplants (0%; 2/2).

Conclusions

Initial experience of pediatric liver transplant program of Sri Lanka is promising despite being established in a free healthcare system amidst the crisis circumstances.
The correlation analysis between alterations of serum vitamin D, IL‐33 levels, and clinical improvement after narrow‐band UVB treatment in vitiligo patients: A case–control study
Authors: Soyer Emin , Temel Berkay , Bukan Neslihan , Demirtas Canan Yilmaz , Gulekon Ayla
Published: January 2024

Background

The etiology of vitiligo has not been completely elucidated. Recently, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and IL‐33 levels were found to be associated with the development of the vitiligo. The aim was to assess relationship between 25(OH)D, IL‐33 levels, and clinical improvement after narrow‐band UVB treatment in vitiligo.

Method

Patients with vitiligo who underwent at least 48 sessions of narrow‐band UVB treatment were included in this study. Age, gender, smoking status, family history of vitiligo, type of vitiligo, body surface area affected by vitiligo, and vitiligo activity were recorded. 25(OH)D and IL‐33 were measured and compared at baseline, second month, and fourth month.

Results

Twenty patients with vitiligo and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. The mean baseline 25(OH)D level of vitiligo group was statistically significantly lower than the control group's (p < .05). The mean baseline IL‐33 level was higher in vitiligo group with no statistically significantly difference (p > .05). The increase in 25(OH)D level and the decrease in vitiligo‐affected body surface area were found to be statistically significant during treatment (p < .05). The mean IL‐33 levels were found to be lower at the second and fourth month compared to baseline. However, there were no statistical significance (p > .05).

Conclusion

Low levels of 25(OH)D are thought to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. 25(OH)D increase due to phototherapy may have a role in repigmentation independently from the direct effect of narrow‐band UVB.
A meta‐analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers of reward and error monitoring in substance misuse
Authors: Webber Heather E. , de Dios Constanza , Kessler Danielle A. , Schmitz Joy M. , Lane Scott D. , Suchting Robert
Published: January 2024

Substance use disorders are characterized by marked changes in reward and error processing. The primary objective of this meta‐analysis was to estimate effect sizes for the reward positivity (RewP) and error‐related negativity (ERN), two event‐related potential indicators of outcome monitoring, in substance users compared to controls. The secondary objective was to test for moderation by demographic, substance type, and EEG experiment parameters. Final PubMed searches were performed in August 2023. Inclusion criteria were substance use disorder/dependence or validated self‐report of substance misuse, RewP/ERN means available, healthy control comparison group, non‐acute drug study, peer‐reviewed journal, English language, and human participants. Selection bias was tested through modified Egger's regression and exploratory 3‐parameter selection model tests. The RewP results (19 studies, 1641 participants) did not support an overall effect (Hedges' g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.44, 0.58], p = .777) and nor effect of any moderators. The ERN results (20 studies, 1022 participants) indicated no significant overall effect (g = 0.41, 95%CI [−0.05, 0.88]). Subgroup analyses indicated that cocaine users had a blunted ERN compared to controls (g = 1.12, 95%CI [0.77, 1.47]). There was limited evidence for publication/small study bias. Although the results indicate a potential dissociation between substance types, this meta‐analysis revealed the need for additional research on the RewP/ERN in substance using populations and for better designed experiments that adequately address research questions.
Low titer group O whole blood and risk of RhD alloimmunization: Rationale for use in Finland
Authors: Susila Sanna , Ilmakunnas Minna , Lauronen Jouni , Vuorinen Pauli , Ångerman Susanne , Sainio Susanna
Published: January 2024

Background

Prehospital low‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) used for patients with life‐threatening hemorrhage is often RhD positive. The most important complication following RhD alloimmunization is hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Preceding clinical use of RhD positive LTOWB, we estimated the risk of HDFN due to LTOWB prehospital transfusion in the Finnish population.

Study Design and Methods

We collected data on prehospital transfusions in Tampere and Helsinki University Hospital areas. Using the mean of reported alloimmunization rates in trauma studies (24%) and a higher reported rate representing trauma patients of 13–50 years old (42.7%), we estimated the risk of HDFN and extrapolated it to the whole of Finland.

Results

We estimated that in Finland, with the current prehospital transfusion rate we would see 1–3 cases of severe HDFN due to prehospital LTOWB transfusions every 10 years, and fetal death due to HDFN caused by LTOWB transfusion less than once in 100 years.

Discussion

The estimated risk of serious HDFN due to prehospital LTOWB transfusion in the Finnish population is similar to previous estimates. As Finland routinely screens expectant mothers for red blood cell antibodies and as the contemporary treatment of HDFN is very effective, we support the prehospital use of RhD positive LTOWB in all patient groups.
Multiple myeloma in dogs: Use of the cell block technique as a new diagnostic tool
Authors: Valente Pâmela Cristina Lopes Gurgel , Peleteiro Maria Conceição , Dias Maria Joana , Vicente Gonçalo , Pomba Constança , Duarte António , Correia Jorge
Published: January 2024

Background

The diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) in dogs may be challenging and complex. The cell blocks are a diagnostic technique that allows the characterization of neoplastic cells and, therefore, might help in the diagnosis of atypical MM.

Objective

The objective of the present work is to describe three clinical cases in which the cell blocks and immunohistochemistry contributed to the definitive diagnosis of canine MM.

Methods

Three dogs, one female and two males, with different clinical signs, were presented for consultation with anemia, hyperproteinemia with monoclonal gammopathy, and the presence of plasmacytosis in the bone marrow. Cytologic analysis of the spleen was performed in two dogs and was suggestive of the presence of lymphocytes or plasma cells of a neoplastic nature in one of the cases and plasma cell hyperplasia associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the other. Given the hypotheses of lymphoid neoplasms with a plasma cell phenotype, cell blocks from aspiration punctures were performed for immunohistochemical analysis with anti‐CD3, CD20, CD79αcy, PAX5, and MUM1 antibodies.

Results

The results revealed positive staining for MUM1 in 80% of the cells in the spleen cell block and for CD20 and MUM1 in 70% of the cells in the bone marrow cell blocks, with negative staining for the other antibodies. The immunophenotyping results allowed the diagnosis of MM in the three cases and excluded other lymphoid neoplasms.

Conclusions

This work reinforces the importance of using cell blocks in the diagnosis of neoplasms by demonstrating their potential to aid the diagnosis of MM.
Fluoroscopically‐assisted closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of sacroiliac luxations in cats using 2.4 mm headless cannulated compression screws: Description, evaluation and clinical outcome
Authors: Jourdain Mathieu , Fernandes David , Védrine Bertrand , Gauthier Olivier
Published: January 2024

Objective

To describe fluoroscopically‐assisted closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of sacroiliac‐luxation (SIL) in cats and report radiographic results and long‐term functional outcomes.

Study design

Retrospective clinical study.

Animals

Eleven cats.

Methods

Percutaneous fixation of 17 SILs in 11 cats was performed with 2.4 mm headless cannulated compression screws under fluoroscopic guidance. Luxation‐reduction, screw placement and purchase within the sacral body, pelvic canal diameter ratio (PCDR) and hemipelvic canal width ratio (HCWR) were assessed on pre‐ and postoperative radiographs. Radiographic follow‐up was performed to assess the same parameters when available. Long‐term clinical outcome was evaluated with an owner questionnaire. Wilcoxon paired‐test was performed for comparison.

Results

Mean age and bodyweight of the cats were 3.3 ± 2.6 years and 4.0 ± 0.82 kg, respectively. Nine cats presented with concurrent pelvic injuries. Median luxation‐reduction was 94.1% (IQR = 13.9) and median screw‐purchase within the sacral body was 73.3% (IQR = 17.0) immediately postoperatively. One screw exited the sacral body caudally. Upon 7‐week radiographic follow‐up, luxation‐reduction (88.3%, IQR = 20.1) and screw‐purchase (70.7%, IQR = 12.8) had decreased compared to immediately postoperatively (p = .008 and p = .013 respectively). Screw migration was not observed. PCDR and HCWR measured on postoperative radiographs indicated successful restoration of the pelvic canal width. Owners reported an excellent long‐term functional outcome (mean postoperative time: 19 ± 5 months).

Conclusion

Fluoroscopically‐assisted closed reduction and fixation of feline SIL using 2.4 mm headless cannulated compression screws allowed good reduction and optimal screw purchase within the sacral body. An excellent functional outcome was reported.

Clinical significance

Minimally invasive reduction and fixation with headless compression screws should be considered in cats with SIL.
An acoustic investigation of the near-surface turbulence on Mars
Authors: Chide Baptiste , Blanc-Benon Philippe , Bertrand Tanguy , Jacob Xavier , Lasue Jérémie , Lorenz Ralph D. , Montmessin Franck , Murdoch Naomi , Pla-Garcia Jorge , Seel Fabian , Schröder Susanne , Stott Alexander E. , de la Torre Juarez Manuel , Wiens Roger C.
Published: January 2024

The Perseverance rover is carrying out an original acoustic experiment on Mars: the SuperCam microphone records the spherical acoustic waves generated by laser sparks at distances from 2 m to more than 8 m. These N-shaped acoustic waves scatter from the multiple local heterogeneities of the turbulent atmosphere. Therefore, large and random fluctuations of sound travel time and intensity develop as the waves cross the medium. The variances of the travel times and the scintillation index (normalized variance of the sound intensity) are studied within the mathematical formalism of the propagation of spherical acoustic waves through thermal turbulence to infer statistical properties of the Mars atmospheric temperature fluctuation field. The comparison with the theory is made by simplifying assumptions that do not include wind fluctuations and diffraction effects. Two Earth years (about one Martian year) of observations acquired during the maximum convective period (10:00–14:00 Mars local time) show a good agreement between the dataset and the formalism: the travel time variance diverges from the linear Chernov solution exactly where the density of occurrence of the first caustic reaches its maximum. Moreover, on average, waves travel faster than the mean speed of sound due to a fast path effect, which is also observed on Earth. To account for the distribution of turbulent eddies, several power spectra are tested and the best match to observation is obtained with a generalized von Karman spectrum with a shallower slope than the Kolmogorov cascade, ϕ(k)∝(1+k2L2)−4/3. It is associated with an outer scale of turbulence, L, of 11 cm at 2 m above the surface and a standard deviation of 6 K over 9 s for the temperature. These near-surface atmospheric properties are consistent with a weak to moderate wave scattering regime around noon with little saturation. Overall, this study presents an innovative and promising methodology to probe the near-surface atmospheric turbulence on Mars.
Child Soccer Players’ Perceptions of Strength and Conditioning Training: A Multimethod Approach Using Write, Draw, Show and Tell
Authors: Martins Ricardo , Eyre Emma , Crotti Matteo , Morris Rhys , Pattison Will , Duncan Michael
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The use of strength and conditioning training in childhood is a hot topic surrounded by myths and misconceptions. Despite scientific evidence supporting the safety and benefits of this training for children, the lack of representation of their voices poses a challenge in designing training programs that meet their specific needs and requirements. Methods: Children’s views, experiences, and perceptions of strength and conditioning training were explored by Write, Draw, Show and Tell techniques. Sixteen grassroots soccer players aged 11–12 years took part in one of 3 focus groups exploring the topic. Data were analyzed following an inductive approach enabling themes to be explored and later deductive analyses using the Youth Physical Activity Promotion model to create pen profile diagrams. Results: Strength and conditioning were frequently associated with muscle growth, coordination, endurance, and rest. Enabling factors included autonomy, resilience, physical development, and training opportunities. Reinforcing factors included social support, social interference, coaches’ communication, role models, and the ways of implementation. Conclusions: Participants favor integrating strength and conditioning into their soccer training rather than conducting it as a separate session, which is reflected in their enjoyment. Nonetheless, children remain apprehensive about the potential effects of this type of training on their growth.
Temporal compounding increases economic impacts of atmospheric rivers in California
Authors: Bowers Corinne , Serafin Katherine A. , Baker Jack W.
Published: January 2024

Temporally compounding atmospheric river (AR) events cause severe flooding and damage in California. However, the contribution of temporal compounding to AR-induced loss has yet to be systematically quantified. We show that the strongest ARs are more likely to be part of sequences, which are periods of elevated hydrologic hazard associated with temporally clustered ARs. Sequences increase the likelihood of flood-related impacts by 8.3% on AR days and 5.4% on non-AR days, and across two independent loss datasets, we find that ARs within sequences have over three times higher expected losses compared to ARs outside of sequences. Expected losses also increase when the preceding AR is higher intensity, when time since the preceding AR is shorter, and when an AR is the second or later event within a sequence. We conclude that temporal compounding is a critical source of information for predicting an AR’s potential consequences.