bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Comparison of Quality Indicators for Adults Hospitalized for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garcia Acevedo Giliana , Ahmad Aisha , Stall Benjamin , Mokhtarnia Media , Lapp John M. , Verma Amol A. , Ebrahim Jalal , Van Spall Harriette G.C. , Razak Fahad , Isenberg Sarina R. , Etchells Edward , Mak Susanna , Steinberg Leah , Ko Dennis T. , Poon Stephanie , Quinn Kieran L.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

There is limited international agreement on defining care quality for the millions of people hospitalized with heart failure worldwide. Our objective was to compare and measure agreement across existing internationally published quality indicators (QIs) for the care of adults hospitalized for heart failure.

METHODS:

Systematic review and evidence gap map of internationally published articles reporting on QIs for adults hospitalized for heart failure, using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and TRIP from inception to July 18, 2022. Narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics characterized included articles and QIs using the Donabedian Framework of Structural, Process, and Outcomes. The methodological quality of QI sets was assessed using the Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation instrument. Agreement about QIs was defined as having at least 3 different cardiovascular societies recommend its use. An evidence gap map displayed each QI according to its clinically relevant category, methodological quality, and reporting articles.

RESULTS:

Fourteen articles from 11 societies reported 75 unique QIs; 53 QIs were process, 16 were structural, and 7 were outcome measures. There was limited agreement on individual QIs across sets as a minority were recommended by ≥3 societies (12%; 9/75 QIs). The most common QIs included postdischarge follow-up (73%, 8/11 societies), specific pharmacotherapy (64%, 7/11 societies), patient education (45%, 5/11 societies), assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (45%, 5/11 societies), 30-day readmission rate (45%, 5/11 societies), cardiac rehabilitation (36%, 4/11 societies), and multidisciplinary management (27%, 3/11 societies).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was little agreement on defining high-quality care and limited agreement on measures including postdischarge follow-up, specific pharmacotherapies, patient education, assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction, 30-day readmission, cardiac rehabilitation, and multidisciplinary management. These measures may define high-quality care and highlight opportunities to improve the quality of care for adults hospitalized for heart failure.
Quantifying Pill Disutility Associated With Starting Versus Continuing Cardioprotective Medication: A Randomized Experiment
Authors: Chaitoff Alexander , Lauffenburger Julie C. , Haff Nancy , Jungo Katharina Tabea , Choudhry Niteesh K.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Quantifying patient-reported pill disutility is important for understanding the risk-benefit tradeoffs of taking medications. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the pill disutility associated with starting a new medication and continuing an existing medication for cardiometabolic disease prevention in a sample of older adults in the United States.

METHODS:

We enrolled adults aged ≥60 years from an online panel. Respondents completed a survey that included a 2-armed experiment that randomized them to either a starting or a continuing scenario in which they were instructed that their doctor recommended they start or continue, respectively, a daily medication that prevents heart attacks and strokes. Pill disutility was calculated using a time-tradeoff method with time willing to trade obtained via alternating dichotomous choice contingent valuation design. Pill disutility was described within each scenario overall and by subgroups and then compared across scenarios using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariable fractional logistic regression.

RESULTS:

A total of 621 respondents with a mean age of 69 years were included in the final analysis. A majority were taking medications (n=84.5%, n=525) and had at least 1 chronic cardiometabolic disease (78.7%, n=489). Pill disutility associated with starting a new medication was 0.0662 (SD, 0.13), while pill disutility associated with continuing an existing medication was 0.0378 (SD, 0.10;
P
<0.001). Participants randomized to the starting scenario had higher odds of higher pill disutility versus participants randomized to the continuing scenario in both multivariable testing (odds ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.15–2.40]) and across subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pill disutility for a daily cardioprotective medication, when obtained from a sample of older adults utilizing rigorous ascertainment methods, is higher than previously reported, especially with regard to starting the medication. These represent the first estimates that can be used in cost-effectiveness modeling involving both prescribing and deprescribing.
Associations of Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Fatty Liver Disease With Peripheral Artery Disease: Prospective Analysis in the UK Biobank and ARIC Study
Authors: Liu YueRuiJing , Wang JinQi , Jin Rui , Xu ZongKai , Zhao XiaoYu , Li YunFei , Zhao YanChen , Wu ZhiYuan , Guo XiuHua , Tao LiXin
Published: November 2024

Background

There is currently limited evidence comparing the association between metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study aims to analyze the associations of MAFLD and NAFLD with incident PAD.

Methods and Results

Two longitudinal studies, the UKB (UK Biobank) study (n=372 216) and the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study (n=4681), categorized participants into MAFLD/non‐MAFLD groups and NAFLD/non‐NAFLD groups. Subsequently, participants were classified into 4 groups: non–fatty liver disease, MAFLD‐only, NAFLD‐only, and both MAFLD and NAFLD groups. Cox proportional hazard model estimated associations of MAFLD/NAFLD status, subtypes, and liver fibrosis severity with PAD risk. The MAFLD group had a higher risk of incident PAD compared with the non‐MAFLD group, and similarly, the NAFLD group had a higher risk compared with the non‐NAFLD group. Among these 4 groups, the MAFLD‐only group had the strongest association with the risk of incident PAD, while the NAFLD‐only group was not independently associated. Diabetic MAFLD subtype was significantly associated with increased PAD risk, and higher level of liver fibrosis scores correlated with elevated PAD risk.

Conclusions

Both MAFLD and NAFLD are significantly associated with an increased incidence of PAD, with stronger associations in MAFLD and diabetic MAFLD population. These findings emphasize that the need for screening and prevention strategies for PAD in this high‐risk population is warranted. The assessment of MAFLD and its subtypes should be considered as an integral component of cardiovascular risk assessment.
Aristotle on Ownership
Authors: Hennig Boris
Published: November 2024

I argue that despite certain appearances, Aristotle does not think of ownership as the exclusive right of a person to decide upon the use and alienation of a thing. Rather, in Aristotle, ownership is a relation between a person and a thing such that (1) the thing is instrumental for this person’s life, (2) it is external to the organic body of the person, and (3) the person is protected against being excluded from the relevant kinds of access to the thing.
A Previously Overlooked Life of Jesus by Martha Louisa ‘Lily’ Watson (1885)
Authors: Soon Isaac T.
Published: November 2024

This article provides an overview and analysis of a previously overlooked nineteenth-century Life of Jesus by Martha Louisa ‘Lily’ Watson. It takes as its starting point metacriticism as a vital task of present scholarship on the historical Jesus of Nazareth – in particular, the contributions of women and other scholars on the margins. This study provides a biographical overview of Watson and analyses the sources, methods, and historical approach she takes in her portrayal of Jesus, while also paying attention to some of the pitfalls of her study. Ultimately, engagement with Watson’s work is generative for new avenues of inquiry in historical Jesus studies such as (a) the need for an assessment of the nineteenth-century Lives of Jesus often ignored by scholarship, (b) nineteenth-century conceptions of non-canonical material and its relevance for the historical Jesus, (c) the rationalization of demonic possession over the unquestioning acceptance of Jesus’ other miracles, (d) the prevalence of anti-Jewish portrayals of Jesus, (d) and the use of rabbinic sources to reconstruct Jesus’ Jewish context.
Gender Perspective in the Recent Case Law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: Lis Edyta
Published: November 2024

For more than a dozen years, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) has paid special attention to cases involving gender-based violence and gender stereotypes. These two phenomena are closely linked, as prejudices, beliefs, cultural values and discriminatory stereotypes can be one of the factors that legitimise violence. Gender-based violence is directed against individuals because of their gender, particularly women and girls, and takes many forms. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of the evolution of the practice of the IACtHR from a gender perspective, based on selected judgments and advisory opinions. Each of these decisions addresses different aspects of the lives of individuals and concerns the groups that are most vulnerable to human rights violations. The common denominator is that the Court’s work contains, to a greater or lesser extent, an element of novelty or indication of new trends.
Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis reveal Leccinum septentrionale sp. nov. (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China
Authors: GAO YUE , TONG XIN , ZHOU HAO , YAN HUI-FANG , HOU CHENG-LIN
Published: November 2024

Leccinum belongs to the Boletaceae and has attracted attention from mycologists worldwide given their ecological and economic importance. China has a high diversity of macrofungi; however, Leccinum has not been thoroughly studied due to a lack of specimen collections with associated molecular data. In this study, based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of four loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tef1-α), one new species of Leccinum is described from Beijing, China. Morphologically, Leccinum septentrionale is characterized by its pileus yellowish-brown to brown dirty orange maculae and larger basidia with 24–40(–44) × 10–17 μm in size. This study expands the species diversity of Leccinum in Beijing and furnished valuable data support for future systematic research on Leccinum.
A new species of African diurnal dwarf geckos (Gekkonidae: Lygodactylus) from the Lower Guinea rainforest
Authors: RÖLL BEATE , PINTO PEDRO VAZ , LOBÓN-ROVIRA JAVIER
Published: November 2024

The genus Lygodactylus Gray is a species-rich group of small, diurnal geckos distributed in Africa, Madagascar, and South America. The genus is divided into several species groups based on morphological characters, biogeographical affinities and/or phylogenetic investigations. To date, some of these groups still contain candidate species. One of these candidate species, provisionally designed as L. sp. B (a single female from Cameroon), had been placed phylogenetically within the East African Lygodactylus scheffleri-group. Furthermore, it shares typical scale characters with all members of this group. However, L. fischeri Boulenger, eponym and member of the West/Central African L. fischeri-group, also shares these scale characters with the L. scheffleri-group and with L. sp. B. While it could be ruled out that L. sp. B was conspecific with any member of the L. scheffleri-group, it could not be ruled out that L. sp. B represents a female of L. fischeri, as there is no female type material nor a clear description of a female of L. fischeri. Only when a male of this taxon was discovered in Cabinda (Angola) in a case of barcoding, the problem could be solved. We here describe the female L. sp. B from Cameroon and the male from Cabinda as new species Lygodactylus lobeke sp. nov. It is a small nondescript species without any bold color markings, such as dark blotches above the shoulder and on the flanks, which mark the male L. fischeri. The male and the female do not differ in coloration. In captivity, the female showed distinct ‘mood dependent’ colorations, including a ‘pyjamas’ coloration. For phylogenetic analysis, only sequences of L. laterimaculatus Pasteur, L. gravis Pasteur and L. lobeke sp. nov. were available. Lygodactylus lobeke sp. nov. was recovered as an independent clade which differs greatly in 16S uncorrected pairwise distance (>10%) from these two congeners. The new species is known from two localities in the Lower Guinea rainforests, with a linear distance of about 850 km. Despite this great distance, both specimens of L. lobeke sp. nov. are genetically surprisingly similar (3.5%). Presumably, the species has a wide distribution within the Lower Guinea region and a continuous gene flow within the population.
Why broker novel concepts into economic sociology? Transcending the New Economic Sociology
Authors: Pitluck Aaron Z
Published: November 2024

This Current Sociology Monograph draws together six articles that broker novel concepts into economic sociology. To orient this enterprise, this article examines the concepts of creativity and novelty in social theory and explains why it is challenging work to broker concepts across intellectual communities. To understand the existing boundaries across which one could broker, it next describes how the subfield of economic sociology has been shaped by the separation of economics and sociology as distinct fields, which ultimately led to a decline of sociologists studying the economy. Two counter-acting organizational forces that sought to institutionalize a subfield of economic sociology was the formation in the mid-1970s of the International Sociological Association’s Research Committee on Economy and Society (ISA RC02), and the institutionalization in the mid-1980s of the New Economic Sociology. The latter became a global brand exported from the United States that eclipsed the former. The New Economic Sociology, a community of scholars primarily based in and focused on the United States and typically indifferent (if not skeptical) to neo-Marxist approaches and international political economy, became globally associated with what constitutes economic sociology (and what is not). Consequently, it would be beneficial to broker in concepts to economic sociology beyond the historic limitations of the New Economic Sociology.
Beyond the Pair: Media Archetypes and Complex Channel Synergies in Advertising
Authors: Bell J. Jason , Thomaz Felipe , Stephen Andrew T.
Published: November 2024

Prior research on advertising media mixes has mostly focused on single channels (e.g., television), pairwise cross-elasticities, or budget optimization within single campaigns. This is detached from practice where (1) marketers decide between an increasingly large number of media channels, (2) media plans involve complex combinations of channels, and (3) marketers manage complementarities among many channels. The authors use latent class analysis to uncover tendencies in media allocations. Latent classes account for nonrandom selection of channels into campaigns, capture pairwise and higher-order interactions between channels, and allow for meaningful interpretation. The authors describe the most common media channel archetypes and estimate their relationship to the effectiveness of a set advertising campaigns on common brand-related performance metrics. They use a dataset of 1,083 advertising campaigns from around the world run between 2008 and 2019. While they find no single media mix that consistently correlates with high performance across all metrics, clear high-performing patterns emerge for specific metrics. The authors find that traditional channels (TV, outdoor) often appear together with digital channels (Facebook, YouTube) in high-performing campaigns. Additionally, current marketing practices appear suboptimal, with simple strategies predicted to improve lifts by 50% or more.
Friends and partners: Estimating latent affinity networks with the graphical LASSO
Authors: Tomashevskiy Andrey
Published: November 2024

The notion of affinity among countries is central in studies of international relations: it plays an important role in research as scholars use measures of affinity to study conflict and cooperation in a variety of contexts. To more effectively measure affinity, I argue that it is necessary to utilize multidimensional data and take into account the network context of international relations. In this paper, I develop the deep affinity concept and introduce a new algorithm, the three-step graphical LASSO (GLASSO), to infer and recover latent affinity networks. This technique leverages the abundance of monadic and dyadic state-level data to identify the presence or absence of affinity links between pairs of countries. Directly incorporating network effects and using a variety of multidimensional data inputs, I used the three-step GLASSO to estimate latent affinity links among countries. With these data, I examined the implications of affinity for international conflict and foreign direct investment, and found that the measure of affinity generated with the three-step GLASSO outperformed alternative affinity measures and was associated with decreased conflict and increased economic interaction.
Pain in Prison: A Risk Factor Analysis of 57 Prisoners’ Deaths by Suicide in Illinois, United States
Authors: Robison Morgan , Campione Marie , Robertson Lee , Sim Jeff , Hinton Melvin , Abderhalden Frances , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: November 2024

United States prisons have elevated rates of suicide deaths compared to the general population. Thus, this manuscript aims to identify suicide risk factors, using data collected in Illinois (IL) state prisons between 2013–2021. First, we present comprehensive demographic, psychological, and prison-related descriptive statistics regarding 57 suicide decedents. Next, we compared this subset to IL state population-level prison reports to identify suicide-specific risk factors. Suicide decedents were predominately male, White, serving their first sentence, had a psychiatric diagnosis, and had no work assignment. Lethal attempts frequently occurred during evening off-hours, on Wednesdays, and were preceded by “mental health decompensation” and significant life transitions. Suicide-specific risk factors included identifying as White or Asian, having an offense type of habitual criminal or sex offender, being divorced, and not having children. We close with readily implementable suggestions to reduce suicides in prisons such as increasing off-hours and shift change staffing and social support interventions.
Narrating Against Uncertainty: Newspaper Documentation in the Syrian Revolutionary Movement
Authors: Chevée Adélie
Published: November 2024

This article theorizes documentation in narratives – the process by which activists gather and write evidence of facts to build a coherent mobilization narrative. Focusing on narrating (the process) rather than narrative use, it argues that documentation in newspapers reflected the goal of ‘making sense’ in a context of uncertainty. To do so, it fledges the probative value of narratives, their capacity to convey stories not only with plots, characters and emotions but also through the logic of proof. Building on a sample analysis of Syrian revolutionary newspapers published after the 2011 Uprising, it shows how documentation helped build the opposition narrative with fact-finding and individual storytelling. When the regime denied the existence of protests and repression, revolutionary newspapers helped document the social movement (with photos and testimonies of protest) and the repression (with lists and testimonies of victims). In doing so, this article shows that documenting became an act of mobilization.
What Defines a Discipline and How We Teach and Study It? The Changing Scope and Role of the Subject Benchmark Statement for Politics and International Relations (IR) and Its Implications For the Teaching and Study of Politics and IR in Higher Education
Authors: Blair Alasdair , Craig John , Gann Rose , Honeyman Victoria , Bellaby Ross , Kolpinskaya Ekaterina , Adams Lucy , Parker Jonathan
Published: November 2024

The paper asks whether there is a typical Politics and IR curriculum before reviewing the content and design of the revised fifth edition of the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) Politics and IR Subject Benchmark Statement that was launched in March 2023. The paper examines the manner by which the most recent edition differs from earlier subject benchmark statements and reflects on the implications of the strategic direction taken by the QAA to include new content areas that primarily focus on the development of disciplinary statements on Equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI), Accessibility and sustainability and Enterprise and entrepreneurship education (EED). The paper explores the implications of benchmark statements, given that while they are not a regulatory requirement, they nevertheless seek to define what can be expected of a graduate and are drawn upon by Higher Education Institutions (HEI) to inform the development and revision of Politics and IR undergraduate provision.
Sling Results in Better Sleep Quality and Less Anxiety Early After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Single-Blinded Trial
Authors: Li Xuelun , Xu Wei , Liao Pengfei , Feng Junhao , Wu Dandong , Huang Wei , Zhu Zhenglin , Chen Hong
Published: November 2024

Background:

Sleep disturbance is commonly reported by patients wearing an abduction brace after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Although a sling has been proven noninferior to an abduction brace for function and repair integrity, there is no evidence-based medical support for the advantage of the sling in improving sleep quality compared with a brace.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

This study aimed to compare the effects of a sling and an abduction brace on sleep quality and clinical outcomes after ARCR. It was hypothesized that immobilization in a sling would result in better sleep quality while not deteriorating clinical outcomes and bone-tendon healing compared with an abduction brace.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 142 consecutive patients with rotator cuff tears were randomly assigned to 2 groups: (1) the brace group, receiving abduction brace immobilization for 6 weeks, and (2) the sling group, receiving sling immobilization after ARCR for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes—American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, pain, satisfaction, and tendon healing (using ultrasonography)—were evaluated until 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

Complete outcome measurements were obtained for 131 patients. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at 6 weeks was 11.1 ± 2.7 for the brace group and 9.2 ± 2.3 for the sling group ( P < .001), indicating a statistically significant advantage for the sling group. The sling group also reported significantly lower Self-rating Anxiety Scale, lower pain level, and higher satisfaction scores at 6 weeks. No significant difference was observed in outcome measures between groups at 1 year. The tendon healing rates (91% vs 88%, respectively) were comparable between the brace and sling groups within the first 1 year (risk ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.92-1.16]; P = .59).

Conclusion:

The use of a sling resulted in better sleep quality, less anxiety, and higher satisfaction compared with an abduction brace in the first 6 weeks after ARCR; nevertheless, functional outcomes and repair integrity were similar at 1 year postoperatively between the 2 groups. These findings indicate that a sling is appropriate for the postoperative care of ARCR. However, caution should be used when interpreting these results because the clinical relevance of sling-related benefits warrants further investigation.

Registration:

ChiCTR2200059967 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry).
Auxiliary model maximum likelihood least squares-based iterative algorithm for multivariable autoregressive output-error autoregressive moving average systems
Authors: Zhang Qian , Wang Huihui , Liu Ximei
Published: November 2024

Identification of multivariable systems is of great significance to control systems. This paper focuses on the parameter identification problems for multivariable autoregressive output-error autoregressive moving average (M-AROEARMA) systems. On the basis of the decomposition strategy, the M-AROEARMA model is de- composed into multiple subsystem models. By means of the auxiliary model idea, the auxiliary model least squares-based iterative algorithm is derived. For the purpose of achieving highly accurate parameter identification performance under colored noises interference, an auxiliary model maximum likelihood least squares-based iterative algorithm is proposed by utilizing the maximum likelihood principle. The numerical simulation example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Music performance anxiety and perfectionism: A comparison of in-person and virtual contexts
Authors: Ryan Charlene , Andrews Nicholle , Tsang Jessica
Published: November 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual music instruction became commonplace. Considering the exposed nature and intent focus of participants in online video conferencing, we wondered whether students might experience music performance anxiety (MPA) in their virtual classes to a greater extent than in their in-person classes. Furthermore, we were interested to learn whether prior experience on the instrument/voice used in the online class, gender, and features of perfectionism were related to MPA in these two contexts. A total of 85 university music students completed online questionnaires about their experiences in online performance-based classes, including direct comparisons of their MPA when performing in online classes and in-person classrooms and two perfectionism subscales. Results revealed that online class performance evoked significantly higher MPA than in-person classes. Students performing on new instruments reported significantly higher MPA than those performing on familiar instruments. Concern about mistakes was related to MPA in both contexts. Gender differences were noted with regard to relationships between the measures. Concern about mistakes and instrumental experience were significant predictors of MPA in the online classroom. Implications for educators, administrators, and researchers are discussed.
Team Composition and Incentive Design in Collaborative Product Development
Authors: Rezaee Vessal Sara , Sommer Svenja Christina
Published: November 2024

Choosing the right development team is crucial for companies. We investigate how project collaboration requirements and uncertainty levels affect the choice between “specialists” with higher levels of task-specific abilities and “generalists” with higher levels of collaboration skills. We also examine how these factors affect optimal team incentives. In addition to performance-enhancing helping, we consider another type of collaboration that has received less attention in the incentive literature: information-sharing, which can reduce uncertainty and lead to more compatible design decisions. In the case of helping, we show that if uncertainty is high then specialists might be preferred in order to reduce risk exposure—even if their task-specific abilities are only slightly better. Conversely, if information-sharing can significantly reduce uncertainty then generalists may be favored even if their task-specific abilities are much lower. Our study also reveals that task and collaboration incentives can be either complements or substitutes depending on the type of collaboration and level of project uncertainty: in projects that benefit from helping, firms will always substitute task incentives for collaboration incentives when selecting a team of specialists (rather than a team of generalists), yet this need not be the case with information-sharing. In such projects, it can be optimal to offer higher task incentives and also higher collaboration incentives to a team of specialists (than to a team of generalists) even though specialists’ collaboration skills are relatively lower.
Individual Sellers’ Social Media Participation and Sales Performance in Peer-to-Peer Marketplaces: Evidence From a Quasi-Natural Experiment
Authors: Tong Siliang , Zhang Yingjie , Burtch Gordon , Lin Zhijie
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in communication and social technologies have resulted in the growth of peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplaces, such as Xianyu and Poshmark. Individual sellers in these markets, most of whom are unbranded and lack credibility, often face immense challenges in building trust to facilitate P2P transactions. We consider the potential of sellers’ use of social media to establish trust and drive sales. Specifically, we address whether social media use benefits the sales performance of individual sellers, and how social media use affects customer retention and acquisition. We draw on social capital theory to explore the theoretical mechanisms by which social media participation may affect sales, hypothesizing that such participation enables the seller to accumulate social capital and develop trust. We empirically test this by exploiting a quasi-natural experiment wherein a large P2P marketplace for second-hand goods (Xianyu) unexpectedly removed its social media feature (Fishponds). We employ a difference-in-differences design, leveraging a proprietary data set capturing social media participation and sales activities for individual sellers, covering more than 180,000 transactions over a multi-week period around the event. We find that sellers who initially participated in social media channels experienced a significant decline in sales after the shutdown, which is attributable to poorer customer retention and acquisition. We explore heterogeneity in the effects and find that the sellers who benefit most from social media participation are those with the most to gain from trust-building. An additional online controlled experiment provides further evidence of the trust-building mechanism. Our study implies individual sellers can harness social media to generate additional sales from existing and new customers. These insights are important, as they speak to the value of social media channels as drivers of trust in P2P marketplaces.
Why do Employees (not) Support Enterprise Digital Transformation? A Transactional Theory of Stress Perspective
Authors: Liu Xin , Lv Bo , Zhou Qiwei
Published: November 2024

Employee support is a vital component for enterprise digital transformation, and a clearer understanding of its mechanism is crucial to the success of such transformation. Drawing upon the transactional theory of stress, we examine why employees (not) support enterprise digital transformation. A field study of 121 employees in a company undergoing digital transformation demonstrates that challenge and hindrance appraisals are two countervailing mechanisms that mediate the relationship between enterprise digital transformation and employee digital transformation support. The results further show that employees’ regulatory foci moderate the indirect effect of enterprise digital transformation on employee digital transformation support through their challenge or hindrance appraisal of the digital transformation. Specifically, employees with a higher promotion (prevention) focus are more likely to engage in challenge (hindrance) appraisal and support (not support) enterprise digital transformation. Our research has theoretical and managerial implications for employee management for enterprise digital transformation.
Bridging the Knowledge Divide: Journalism Education and Industry Needs in East and Southern Africa
Authors: Gondwe Gregory , Awami Sammy
Published: November 2024

This study explores the perceived gap between journalism education and professional practice in Tanzania and Zambia. Through interviews with educators and journalists and an analysis of 12 journalism curricula, the findings reveal that both educators and journalists acknowledged a gap, with a shared desire for improved alignment between academic programs and industry needs. Educators expressed a commitment to incorporating contemporary content, but face challenges like limited industry collaboration and resource constraints. Journalists, however, observed a hesitancy among educators in implementing recommendations from the industry. Both groups see the need for integrating theory and practice into the curricula.
The American Journalist Under Attack: An Institution at Risk
Authors: Willnat Lars , Weaver David H. , Wilhoit Cleve
Published: November 2024

Data from six decades underpin this representative survey of 1,600 U.S. journalists conducted in 2022 that analyzes changes in journalists’ characteristics, values, and attitudes. Findings indicate the “interpretive-investigative” function remains prominent, while endorsement of the “disseminator” role has dropped dramatically. Social media usage is now routine but concerns about its adverse effects on journalism have risen sharply since 2013. While lack of diversity is still a problem in U.S. newsrooms, women have made strides in numbers and leadership and are now at parity on salaries. Alarmingly, six in 10 U.S. journalists report having received threats in their jobs.
Dynamic positioning in identity development: Case studies of Chinese university English language teachers
Authors: Chen Shan , Zhang Lawrence Jun , McNaughton Stuart
Published: November 2024

This multiple-case study examines the dynamics of identity among Chinese university teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in response to challenges that arise from individual teaching contexts. Grounded in Dialogical Self Theory (DST), the study investigates how these teachers navigate conflicting pedagogies, exercise agency, and negotiate their professional identities. Through in-depth interviews and classroom observations, the findings demonstrate the ways in which participating teachers drew on diverse position repertoires to manage the complexities of their teaching roles. The study identified several key positioning strategies, including the adoption of meta-positions, the creation of third positions, the utilization of promoter positions, the formation of coalitions of positions, and the management of cacophonous positioning. The findings contribute to the growing body of research on language teacher identity, highlighting the dynamic complexity of identity construction. The study offers implications for professional development programs, advocating for opportunities that foster critical reflection on teachers’ multiple I-positions.
What does it mean to “do your own research?” A comparative content analysis of DYOR messages in Instagram and Facebook posts about reproductive health, food, and vaccines
Authors: Chinn Sedona , Hasell Ariel , Shao Anqi
Published: November 2024

Calls to “do your own research” (DYOR) on social media promote a range of claims, from expert-recommended treatments to conspiracy theories. Exploring how the slogan is used offers insight into how individuals navigate concerns about information accuracy in an abundant but low-trust media ecosystem. This quantitative content analysis investigates how DYOR messages in Facebook and Instagram posts about reproductive health, food and diet, and vaccination are used to raise alarms, promote personal agency, and disclaim responsibility. We additionally examine how DYOR messages are associated with content including risk information and product promotion. While DYOR messages sometimes raise alarms about suspected conspiracies and misinformation, more often they advocate for personal agency and education, encouraging people to become as informed as possible to make the best decisions for themselves. In this way, DYOR messages promote individual responsibility for navigating information risks and reflect wider concerns about (mis-)information and distrust of institutions.
Bots in web survey interviews: A showcase
Authors: Höhne Jan Karem , Claassen Joshua , Shahania Saijal , Broneske David
Published: November 2024

Cost- and time-efficient web surveys have progressively replaced other survey modes. These efficiencies can potentially cover the increasing demand for survey data. However, since web surveys suffer from low response rates, researchers and practitioners start considering social media platforms as new sources for respondent recruitment. Although these platforms provide advertisement and targeting systems, the data quality and integrity of web surveys recruited through social media might be threatened by bots. Bots have the potential to shift survey outcomes and thus political and social decisions. This is alarming since there is ample literature on bots and how they infiltrate social media platforms, distribute fake news, and possibly skew public opinion. In this study, we therefore investigate bot behavior in web surveys to provide new evidence on common wisdom about the capabilities of bots. We programmed four bots – two rule-based and two AI-based bots – and ran each bot N = 100 times through a web survey on equal gender partnerships. We tested several bot prevention and detection measures, such as CAPTCHAs, invisible honey pot questions, and completion times. The results indicate that both rule- and AI-based bots come with impressive completion rates (up to 100%). In addition, we can prove conventional wisdom about bots in web surveys wrong: CAPTCHAs and honey pot questions pose no challenges. However, there are clear differences between rule- and AI-based bots when it comes to web survey completion.
Acoustic sensing and autoencoder approach for abnormal gas detection in a spent nuclear fuel canister mock-up
Authors: Zhuang Bozhou , Gencturk Bora , Oberai Assad , Ramaswamy Harisankar , Meyer Ryan , Sinkov Anton , Good Morris
Published: November 2024

Currently, spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from commercial nuclear power plants is stored in stainless-steel canisters for interim dry storage. To provide an inert environment, these canisters are backfilled with helium after vacuum drying. However, the helium environment may be contaminated during extended storage because of the material degradation. For example, the heavier fission gas xenon may be released from the fuel rods into the canister cavity should the fuel cladding be breached. Other gases such as air and water vapor may also be present as a result of leakage caused by chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking on the canister walls or by insufficient vacuum drying. Therefore, monitoring the gas composition can provide critical information about the health of SNF canisters. In this study, noninvasive testing was conducted on a 2/3-scaled SNF canister mock-up using acoustic sensing. Ultrasonic transducers were placed on the exterior surface of the canister to probe the gas composition. A dataset was collected by sealing the canister mock-up and introducing up to 1.53% argon or 1.29% air into the helium background gas. Three methods were used to detect changes in the gas composition: the time-of-flight (TOF) method, the differential method, and the autoencoder method. Results showed that the TOF method had sufficient resolution to detect abnormal gas concentrations of less than 1.0%. The differential method demonstrated a periodic in-phase and out-of-phase behavior between the benchmark (i.e., pure helium) and abnormal (i.e., with argon or air) state signals. The variational autoencoder (VAE) and the Wasserstein autoencoder (WAE) were trained on the benchmark data and were applied directly to the abnormal state data. It was found that both the unsupervised VAE and the WAE were able to distinguish the benchmark and abnormal states of the canister mock-up based on the reconstruction error.
Skin testing – A valued tool for assessing adverse reactions to anaesthetic agents in patients allergic to multiple drugs: A case report from a secondary-level hospital
Authors: Qureshi Taha Ashraf , Jeelani Muzima , Naveed Mohammad , Ameen Arifa , Jalali Afaq , Aejaz Hadeeqa , Shafi Tabasum , Gull Ayaz
Published: November 2024

Patients with allergy to multiple drugs who have experienced anaphylaxis multiple times present a significant challenge in perioperative management. This report presents a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with cholelithiasis scheduled for cholecystectomy. The patient has a history of adverse reaction to multiple drugs, including Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefpodoxime, Levofloxacin and two additional drugs (one analgesic and the other multivitamin) each resulting in symptoms suggestive of anaphylaxis on separate occasions. However, the patient has demonstrated tolerance to Amikacin and Paracetamol on several occasions. Given the patient’s drug hypersensitivity state, the patient’s anaesthetist sought clearance for use of anaesthetic drugs and disinfectants prior to surgery. Comprehensive skin testing was conducted for the same, and all drugs tested negative. The outcomes of this testing guided the selection of anaesthesia agents, ensuring safe perioperative care. Subsequently, surgery was performed, using Succinylcholine, Propofol, Rocuronium, Atropine and Neostigmine for general anaesthesia and Chlorhexidine for disinfection, and the postoperative period was uneventful. This case highlights the significance of preoperative assessment and drug testing in patients with a history of drug allergies or anaphylaxis to multiple drugs, to prevent any perioperative complications.
The followership paradox: The undervalued power of effective followers in early childhood education
Authors: Brooker Melinda
Published: November 2024

Educators working in early childhood education play a critical role in enhancing outcomes for children and families through active leadership. However, there are persistent paradoxical perceptions regarding the practical implementation of followership alongside leadership. This article addresses this followership paradox, as a key finding drawn from a larger doctoral study that explored followership practices in Australian early childhood education settings. By examining educators’ understandings of followership through the lens of established followership theories, and employing multi-site ethnography and reflexive thematic analysis, contradictory understandings were unearthed. Despite observing educators enacting effective followership behaviours, participants predominantly hold negative connotations associated with the role. These findings highlight the urgent need to acknowledge and appreciate the role of followers and their impact in co-creating quality workplace outcomes in early education settings. The article argues for integrating followership training alongside leadership development to foster more cohesive early childhood environments.
Leading the early years of school: A relational and responsive model of early childhood pedagogical leadership
Authors: Fabry Amie
Published: November 2024

Early childhood pedagogical leadership has been found to enhance program quality by assisting educators to reach deeper understanding of pedagogical practices. In the early years of school where pedagogical tension resides, research on early childhood pedagogical leadership is scarce. Furthermore, there are few models of early childhood pedagogical leadership that describe how early childhood pedagogical leadership might be enacted in practice. This paper presents a relational model of early childhood pedagogical leadership that was developed from the findings of an investigation into early childhood pedagogical leadership enactment in school settings. The practical elements of pedagogical leadership outlined in this model may assist educators to understand how they can lead continuous improvement while empowering their colleagues and building leadership capability of their team.
Professional learning for leadership in early years: Comparing Sweden and England
Authors: Ince Amanda , Bullough Liz , Sahlin Susanne
Published: November 2024

This paper critically reviews England’s National Professional Qualification of Early Years Leadership (NPQEYL) and Sweden’s National Principal Training Program (NPTP). The design and implementation of these programs are critiqued considering the process of professional learning, with view of offering recommendations for future policies on professionalisation through leadership professional learning. The study compares the professional development using a simple multiple case study design. Analysis of sources highlight common themes of leadership, curriculum, agency, and professionalism. These are discussed in relation to how such programs may contribute to the early years sector, leading to recommendations to inform future professional learning opportunities.
Leadership and retention in early childhood education
Authors: Downey Belinda , Letts Will , Gibbs Leanne , McLeod Sharynne
Published: November 2024

Global early childhood education workforce shortages have highlighted the importance of recruitment and retention. The development of effective leadership has not been a retention policy focus even though effective leadership has been identified as an important driver for improving working conditions and supporting educator retention. The aim of this research was to investigate what factors affect retention focussing on retention challenges for leaders in an under researched context. Participants were 34 early childhood educators in the Northern Territory of Australia. A constructivist grounded theory methodology framed the research and the data analysis, and a constant comparative method was used to generate categories. The lack of learning on leadership, coupled with competing priorities, were identified as critical factors that contribute to increased attrition. However, informal mentoring was found to support both the positional and emerging leaders, increasing the probability of their retention regardless of their access to leadership development.
A Critical Review of Smart Residential Environment Research Focusing Human–Building Interaction
Authors: Yang Hyungmo , Kim Mi Jeong
Published: November 2024

Most studies on smart residential environments have focused on adopting cutting-edge technologies rather than on user factors. There is little research on interaction with building technologies to support residents’ experiences in smart residential environments. This paper explores the current status of smart residential environment research from the human–building interaction perspective through a critical review of articles published in Q1 journals during 2013 to 2022. For our critical review, we developed an evaluation framework based on our definition of human–building interaction. Our results identified there are limitations in smart residential environments research: a lack of consideration of human-building interaction in the field of the built environment, an excessive focus on the user–technology interaction for performance, and less consideration of urban and architectural design issues regarding human–building interaction. To bridge the gap in the research, the three key points are discussed. Last, we propose a conceptual framework for designing and delivering improved smart residential environments, emphasizing the role of stakeholders in each smart residential environment lifecycle stage to achieve a balanced interaction between the three key elements: users, the built environment, and technologies.