bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestinal colonization of infants with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginos in tertiary care center in Jordan
Authors: Shehabi Asem A. , Shishtawi Noor Issam , Al-lawama Manar
Published: July 2019

Background: Pseudomonas.aeruginosa is among the most common opportunistic hospital pathogens, which exhibit an innate resistance and has developed increasing resistance to many useful antimicrobial agents over the last decades. This study investigated the occurrence of important types of ESBLs and MBLs in association with potential important virulence factors among P. aeruginosa isolates from feces of Jordanian infants.  

Methods: A total of 302 feces samples were obtained randamely from neonates and infants admitted to Pediatric Clinic and the Neonate Intensive Care Unit (NICU)/Jordan University Hospital (JUH), over a  9-months period(2016- 2017). Fecal samples were cultured for P.aeruginosa and their growth was identified and tested using microbiological and antibiotic susceptibility methods. Additionly,  virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes and genotypes were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Results: A total of 16/302 (5.3%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from feces samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates ranged between the lowest 18.75% to meropenem and highest of 87.5% to azetreonam among 9 tested drugs. The percentage of specific genes of ESBLs and MBLs in 16 P.aeruginosa isolates were the following: blaOXA-50, blaTEM, blaCTX-M , blaVIM ,blaKPC , blaSHV ,blaGES, and blaVEB were detected at the rate of  13(81.2%), 13(81.2%), 12(75%), 12(75%), 11(68.7%), 10(62.5%), 2(12.5),1(6.2%), respectively. The percentage of the potential virulence genes in the same isolates were detected as follow:  lasB, algD , toxA, exo S and exo U at the rate of 100%, 87.5% , 81.2%, 81.2%,31.2, respectively. All P.aeruginosa isolates observed to develop beta-hemolysis on both human and sheep blood agar, and to produce either pyoverdin ((56.3%) or pyocyanin (43.7%). 

Conclusions: The present study demonstrates high occurrence of multidrug resistant P.aeruginosa isolates in infant feces which carried high rates of important genes of ESBLs and MBLs and potential virulence factors.
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of SEN-virus and TT- virus Infection in Chronic HCV Patients
Authors: EL- sayed Hend Abdalla , El Hamid Nahla Abd , ElBadrawy Elsaed M. Galal , Monem Sameh M. Abdel , Amer Fatma Abdelaziz
Published: July 2019

Background: SEN virus (SENV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) are blood born viruses. Their effect on the development and progress of liver diseases is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and effect of SENV and TTV among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.

Patients and Methods: two hundred patients with CHC were the subjects of this work. A single blood sample was collected from each patient. Thorough clinical examination and relevant laboratory and radiological investigations were done. SENV and TTV were tested for by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: SENV was identified in 3 and TTV was found in 21 (10.5%) of patients. No statistically significant difference was detected as regards clinical status, laboratory findings or radiological examination between SENV or TTV positive and negative patients.

Conclusion: SENV and TTV exist among CHC patients. They had insignificant implications on the course or progression of liver diseases.
X-Rays from e± Pair Halos
Authors: Eungwanichayapant A. , Luangtip W. , Maithong W. , Ruffolo D.
Published: August 2019

It was previously suggested that e
± pair halos could be observed in γ-rays. Searching for pair halos is a challenging topic in γ-ray astronomy that has not yet yielded a convincing detection for an individual object. Here we propose that X-ray observations could reveal the existence of e
± pair halos. To support our suggestion, we computed the observed energy and spatial distribution of X-ray photons from the pair halos and check the feasibility of pair halo detection by current and future X-ray observatories. The results show that current X-ray missions could register a positive signal for the pair halos created under some conditions. For a magnetic field (B) of ∼1 μG, the X-ray could be observable for a seed gamma-ray energy of

TeV. If

TeV, the observable range of B would be B ≳ 300 nG.
Statistics on the Magnetosheath Properties Related to Magnetopause Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Zhang Hui , Fu Suiyan , Pu Zuyin , Lu Jianyong , Zhong Jun , Zhu Changbo , Wan Weixing , Liu Libo
Published: August 2019

Magnetosheath properties, particularly those related to magnetopause magnetic reconnection (MR), are investigated in this study. (1) Asymmetries are found to exist in the distributions of plasma and magnetic field parameters in the magnetosheath. These asymmetries are related to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation, and they are produced either on the bow shock or inside the magnetosheath. Thus, one must be very cautious in directly using the upstream solar wind and IMF properties as the magnetopause MR initiation conditions, since the magnetosheath parameters are not the same everywhere. (2) A unique method is introduced to estimate how much IMF magnetic flux passes through the magnetosphere via MR on either the low-latitude or the high-latitude magnetopause. This flux mainly varies with three independent parameters: the IMF clock angle θ
CL, the magnetosheath plasma β, and the solar wind sound Mach number M

S
. Surprisingly, the magnetic fluxes passing through the magnetosphere are comparable under the southward and northward IMF conditions. (3) The dipole tilt angle, the property from the inside of the magnetosphere, also controls the magnetosheath parameters. As the Earth’s dipole tilt angle varies, the plasma pressure ridge shifts its location but remains near the magnetic equator. The stagnation point of the magnetosheath flow on the magnetopause, however, remains at the subsolar point no matter how large the dipole tilt angle is. These behaviors may be determinative of the locations of MR and the generation of flux transfer events on the magnetopause.
Promotive Effect of Psychological Intervention on English Vocabulary Teaching Based on Hybrid Collaborative Recommender Technology
Authors: Chen Baodi , Wu Jierong
Published: August 2019

Psychological changes will often play a huge influence on the teaching effects in the English vocabulary learning and teaching process. To further explore the relationship of psychological regulation with English vocabulary teaching, the hybrid collaborative recommender technology may be underlying to propose a hybrid algorithm for studying how the English vocabulary teaching effect is subjected to the psychological emotion factors as parameters added in the original similarity calculation method in the psychological regulation environment where the emotion is the core of study. In the end, the paper conducts the questionnaire survey among 300 students. Test data show that positive emotion acts as the catalyst of the English vocabulary teaching effect, having basically reached the expected goal of study.
Vroeë strofiese himnes
Authors: Barkhuizen J.H.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Perceptions of and attitudes to the compulsory Community Service programme for therapists in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Khan Nasim B. , Knights Stephen , Esterhuizen Tonya
Published: August 2019

The success of Community Service programmes initiated globally to recruit health care professionals to provide services in under-served or rural areas depends largely on their attitudes, understanding of the programme's objectives, prepared­ness for working in these areas and their adaptability. This study assessed rehabilitation therapists' perception and attitude on commencement and completion of their compulsory Community Service programme in KwaZulu-Natal in 2005. Repeat observational cross sectional studies were conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by all therapists on commencement and after completion of their Community Service. The proportion of therapists who indicated that they would work in the public sector in future declined from 50% at onset to 35% by exit and fewer (24%) said they would work in a rural area. Collecting a rural allowance was not associated (p=0.78) with an expressed interest to work in a rural area or remain at the same institution (p=0.32). There were significant differences in support and supervision pro­vided between the professional groups (p<0.001). Particular concerns centred on limited infrastructural support, supervision, training, resources available and language barriers in delivering a better rehabilitation service. Despite the challenges faced, Community Service therapists felt that they had made a difference and that their experience had been personally and professionally rewarding.
The impact of economic globalisation on the South African auto industry
Authors: Bouare Oumar , Tlabela Khuli , Struwig Jaré , Langa Zakes
Published: August 2019

This paper assesses the impact of economic globalisation on the South African auto industry. First, a duopoly model of differentiated products is used, which allows the determination of the free trade and protection dividing line. This determines the stay-exit function, which shows the profitability level of the domestic industry. Second, to determine the relationship between employment, profitability and export in the auto industry, a log-linear equation is estimated in which the logarithm of employment is expressed as a function of the logarithm of the distance between the stay-exit function and the trade line and the logarithm of export. These estimates suggest that policy makers take measures to either prevent the destruction of the domestic industry and the decrease in employment in the auto industry, or increase its profitability and employment.
Use of animation video in surgical decision-making for treatment of early breast cancer in Indian women
Authors: Bothra Sapana , Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam , Mishra Prabhaker , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Amit , Agarwal Gaurav
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Surgical decision-making in early breast cancer is difficult for the patient and also for the treating clinician, especially when the patient is not completely aware of the available options. Adjuncts such as animation video with case scenarios can be helpful in this regard. We used an animation video to help in decision-making and evaluated the effect of such adjunct in Indian women with early breast cancer. Materials and Methods: An animation video of running time of 4 min and 11 s was shown to forty patients with early breast cancer, who filled in a patient satisfaction multimedia questionnaire at the end of the animation. Results: Seventeen (42.5%) patients underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) while the rest 23 (57.5%) patients underwent the mastectomy. All forty patients were satisfied with the animation video. The mean score of the utility of the video to improve understanding of the disorder, better organization of treatment, stimulated interest in the relations, and saved unnecessary discussion was 88.50, 88.50,88.3, and 90.3, respectively. Age and literacy status did not significantly affect the scores. Discussion: All the patients found the video useful and most patients made the decision on the first attempt. Patients' perspective about BCS is influenced by the fear of recurrence, fear of multiple surgeries, complications, and also the counseling provided by the surgeon. Conclusion: In this situation, such animation videos provide an unbiased view on the operative procedure and help in decision-making.
Проекционные константы некоторого класса подпространств коразмерности два в пространстве $l_\infty^{2n}$
Authors: Martynov Oleg Mikhaylovich
Published: July 2019

В работе находятся относительные проекционные константы и константы сильной единственности для некоторого класса операторов проектирования в пространстве $l_\infty^{2n}$. Максимальные значения констант сильной единственности вычислены для операторов проектирования с единичной нормой на некоторые подпространства коразмерности два, которые образованы с помощью гиперплоскостей пространства $l_\infty^{2n}$.
Асимптотика решения задачи Коши для эволюционного уравнения Эйри на больших временах
Authors: Zakharov Sergei Viktorovich
Published: July 2019

Установлено асимптотическое поведение на больших временах решения задачи Коши для уравнения Эйри - эволюционного
уравнения третьего порядка. Предполагается, что начальная функция локально интегрируема по Лебегу и имеет степенную асимптотику на бесконечности. С использованием метода вспомогательного параметра и регуляризации особенностей для решения в виде интеграла свертки с функцией Эйри получен асимптотический ряд Эрдейи по обратным степеням кубического корня из переменной времени с коэффициентами, зависящими от автомодельной переменной и логарифма времени.
Неравенство Каристи и $\alpha$-сжимающие отображения
Authors: Gel'man Boris Danilovich
Published: July 2019

В статье рассмотрено новое неравенство типа неравенства Каристи и доказана некоторое развитие теоремы Каристи о неподвижной точке отображений полных метрических пространств (как в однозначном, так и многозначном случаях). Опираясь на полученную теорему, изучены отображения полных метрических пространств, которые являются сжимающими относительно функции 2-х векторных аргументов. Эта функция не обязана быть метрикой и даже непрерывной. Доказанные теоремы являются обобщениями принципа сжимающих отображений Банаха и теоремы Надлера.
Сохранение свойства безусловной базисности при несамосопряженных возмущениях самосопряженных операторов
Authors: Motovilov Alexander Konstantinovich , Shkalikov Andrei Andreevich
Published: July 2019

Пусть $T$ - самосопряженный оператор в гильбертовом пространстве
$H$ с областью определения $\mathcal D(T)$. Предположим, что спектр
этого оператора лежит в объединении непересекающихся интервалов $\Delta_k
=[\alpha_{2k-1},\alpha_{2k}]$, $k\in \mathbb{Z}$, длины лакун
между которыми подчинены неравенствам
$$
\alpha_{2k+1}-\alpha_{2k} \geqslant b
|\alpha_{2k+1}+\alpha_{2k}|^p\quad при некоторых b>0,\;p\in[0,1).
$$
Пусть линейный оператор $B$ является $p$-подчиненным оператору
$T$, т. е. $\mathcal D(B) \supset\mathcal D(T)$ и $\|Bx\|\leqslant b'\|Tx\|^p\|x\|^{1-p} +M\|x\|$ для любого $x\in \mathcal
D(T)$ с некоторыми $b'>0$ и $M\geqslant 0$. Тогда в случае $b>b'$
прямые $\gamma_k = \{\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\mid\operatorname{Re} \lambda
= (\alpha_{2k} + \alpha_{2k+1})/2\}$ при больших $|k|\geqslant N$
лежат в резольвентном множестве возмущенного оператора $A=T+B$.
Пусть $Q_k$ - проекторы Рисса, отвечающие за спектр оператора $A$
между прямыми $\gamma_k$ и $\gamma_{k+1}$ при $|k|\geqslant N$, а
$Q$ - проектор Рисса на оставшуюся ограниченную часть спектра оператора $A$.
Основной результат: система инвариантных подпространств
$\{Q_k(H)\}_{|k|\geqslant N}$ вместе с инвариантным подпространством
$Q(H)$ образует безусловный базис из подпространств в гильбертовом
пространстве $H$. Мы доказываем также обобщение этой теоремы на
случай, когда в любой из лакун $(\alpha_{2k},\alpha_{2k+1})$,
$k\in\mathbb{Z}$, может присутствовать конечный набор собственных
значений оператора $T$.
Обратные задачи для конечных векторнозначных операторов Якоби
Authors: Korotyaev Evgeny Leonidovich
Published: July 2019

Мы даем полное решение обратной задачи для конечных операторов Якоби с матричнозначными коэффициентами.
Униформизация слоений с гиперболическими листами и уравнение Бельтрами с параметрами
Authors: Shcherbakov Arsenii Alekseevich
Published: July 2019

Рассматриваются слоения на аналитические кривые на компактных комплексных многообразиях. Предполагается, что касательное к слоению линейное расслоение отрицательно. Показывается, что в случае общего положения существует конечно гладкий голоморфный на слоях гомеоморфизм, послойно отображающий многообразие универсальных накрывающих над листами, проходящими через некоторую трансверсаль $B$, на область с непрерывной границей в $B\times\mathbb{C}$. Задача сводится к исследованию уравнения Бельтрами с параметрами на единичном круге в случае, когда производные соответствующего коэффициента Бельтрами растут не быстрее, чем некоторая отрицательная степень расстояния до границы круга.
О связях дискретного спектра и спектра резонансов для оператора Лапласа на некомпактной гиперболической римановой поверхности
Authors: Popov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2019

В работе рассматриваются произвольные некомпактные гиперболические римановы поверхности конечной площади. Для таких поверхностей получены тождества, связывающие дискретный спектр оператора Лапласа и спектр резонансов (полюсов матрицы рассеяния). Полученные тождества зависят от выбора пробной функции. Указан класс допустимых пробных функций. Рассмотрены два примера, отвечающих конкретному выбору пробной функции.
Конечно-аддитивные меры на неустойчивых слоях диффеоморфизмов Аносова
Authors: Zubov Dmitry Igorevich
Published: July 2019

Для $C^3$-гладкого аносовского диффеоморфизма с ориентируемыми инвариантными слоениями мы даем качественную характеристику скорости сходимости средних $C^2$ гладких функций по итерированным областям неустойчивых многообразий, где средние взяты по мере Маргулиса. Для ее описания мы вводим, обобщая конструкции Маргулиса и Буфетова, голономно инвариантные семейства конечно-аддитивных мер на неустойчивых слоях, а также банахово пространство, в котором голономно инвариантные меры отвечают старшим собственным значениям трансфер-оператора.
О лорановости последовательностей Сомос-4 и Сомос-5
Authors: Bykovskii Victor Alexeevich , Ustinov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: July 2019

В работе уточняется результат Зелевинского и Фомина (2002) о лорановости последовательностей Сомос-$4$ и Сомос-$5$.
Ультраэллиптические интегралы и двумерные сигма-функции
Authors: Ayano Takanori , Buchstaber Victor Matveevich
Published: July 2019

Статья посвящена классической задаче обращения ультраэллиптических интегралов, задаваемых базисными голоморфными дифференциалами на кривой рода 2. Базисные решения $F$ и $G$ этой задачи получены из однозначной 4-периодической мероморфной функции на абелевом накрытии $W$ универсальной гиперэллиптической кривой рода 2. В качестве $W$ мы используем неособую аналитическую кривую $W=\{\mathbf{u}=(u_1,u_3)\in\mathbb{C}^2:\sigma(\mathbf{u})=0\}$, где $\sigma(\mathbf{u})$ - двумерная сигма-функция. Показано, что $G(z)=F(\xi(z))$, где $z$ - локальная координата в окрестности точки гладкой кривой $W$, а $\xi(z)$ - гладкая функция в этой окрестности, задаваемая уравнением $\sigma(u_1,\xi(u_1))=0$. Получены: дифференциальные уравнения для функций $F(z)$, $G(z)$ и $\xi(z)$, рекуррентные формулы для коэффициентов разложения в ряды этих функций, преобразование функции $G(z)$ в $\wp$-функцию Вейерштрасса при деформации кривой рода 2 в эллиптическую кривую.
ASSESSMENT OF RICE BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND YIELD USING SEMI-PHYSICAL APPROACH AND REMOTELY SENSED DATA
Authors: Dwivedi M. , Saxena S. ,   Neetu, Ray S. S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. India is one of the world’s largest producers of rice, accounting for 20% of all world rice production. Rice crop occupies nearly 27.6% of the India’s arable land with average consumption per capita/year was ~68.2 kg milled rice. Being a staple food it is crucially important for policy makers, planners and researchers to have an accurate estimate before the harvest of crop. Timely and accurate statistics helps planners, and decision makers in formulating policies in regard to import/export in the event of shortfall and/or surplus. In the present study it is tried to evaluate the applicability of the remote sensing for yield estimation of major rice growing states of India. Recent advances on the resolutions (i.e., spectral, spatial, radiometric, and temporal) and availability of remote sensing imagery allowed us timely collection of information. This study developed an intermediate method called semi-physical method using remote sensing and the physiological concepts such as the Photo-synthetically Active Radiation and the fraction of PAR absorbed by the crop. Net Primary Product was computed using the Monteith model. Rice yield was computed using the actual NPP, Radiation use efficiency and Harvest index. The study was carried in kharif season 2018–19. Although model gives slight difference of yield with respect to actual and the estimated yield and DES yields within the range of ± 10%, which confirms the utility of model and can be used for the operational estimates of rice crop.
MONITORING OF RICE CROP IN PUNJAB AND HARYANA WITH RESPECT TO RESIDUE BURNING
Authors: Kumar P. , Rajpoot S. K. , Jain V. , Saxena S. ,   Neetu, Ray S. S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study is based on the fortnightly monitoring of residue burning in fields of kharif rice crops after harvesting in Punjab and Haryana. The kharif rice area (2018–19) was derived using multi-date Sentinel-1A(Microwave SAR) data under FASAL project. The expected harvesting dates of kharif rice (crop duration 140 days) are derived on the basis of transplanting dates (derived from SAR data), NDVI profiles and Ground truth data. Daily active crop fire events in Punjab and Haryana were taken from VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) product in the month of October and November 2018. It was observed from the study that the crop fire events showed a similar pattern as observed in expected harvest dates. Multi-date AWiFS data used to identify the crop residues- burnt areas during October and November 2018. The study reveals that maximum rice residue burning period is 2nd fortnight of October to 1st fortnight of November in both the states Punjab and Haryana. Maximum burning density was observed in the Mansa and Bhatinda district of Punjab and Fatehabad district of Haryana. In total 2.63 lakh ha burnt area was estimated in Haryana which is 20% of total kharif rice acreage while in Punjab it is 18.7 lakh ha (66% of total kharif rice acreage). Thus this study could show the relationship between the satellites derived harvesting dates and the spread of crop fire events. Monitoring of crop residue burning at regular intervals especially before each crop harvesting season to ensure effective implementation of proactive measures to curb the practice of burning of crop residue.
Numerical modeling and forecast of channel changes on the river Lena near city Yakutsk
Authors: Golovlyov Pavel , Kornilova Ekaterina , Krylenko Inna , Belikov Vitaly , Zavadskii Aleksandr , Fingert Eugeniya , Borisova Natalya , Morozova Elizaveta
Published: August 2019

Abstract. STREAM_2D software package was applied to retrospective and predictive simulations of the Lena River near city Yakutsk hydraulic and channel changes during ice-free period. The modelling results indicate significant correspondence of simulated water discharges distribution and water levels with observed ones for the period 2001–2016. Model has captured main erosion and depositional zones observed in the 2009–2016 years. Combination of typical monthly average hydrographs of 1 %, 10 % and 50 % return intervals was used as an initial parameter for 10-year channel changes forecast. According to the simulation results, degradation of the Adamovskaya branch will be continued, which is the most negative impact for the Yakutsk city infrastructure maintenance. At the end of the forecast period the equal distribution between Adamovskaya and Buorylarskaya channels is possible, which is a positive trend from the point of view of the city water supply system.
Strategy Perception and Implementation on Less Developed Business Ecosystems Micro and Small Enterprises: The Service Sector of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
Authors: Vlados Charis , Chatzinikolaou Dimos
Published: July 2019

This article aims to find out how micro and small enterprises on a less developed regional business ecosystem perceive and implement some of the fundamental dimensions of business strategy. We analyze 16 critical strategic concepts and construct a strategy perception and implementation index consisting of 16 corresponding queries. We then present the findings of field research conducted in micro and small enterprises in the service sector of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace region in Greece. The results of the strategy perception an implementation index suggest that the “physiologies” of these firms are adjacent to each other and, as expected, these firms record similar scores and share common attributes. These results also point to an explicit—although not strong—tendency of these firms to transform their strategic perception and implementation into more systematic methodologies that seem to approach the benchmark set by the relevant literature. However, a long distance still exists between the actual perception and implementation of these firms and the standards set by the corresponding literature on the subject.
The history of endourology in Canada
Authors: Beiko Darren , Honey R. John D'A. , Pace Kenneth T. , Denstedt John D. , Razvi Hassan , Hosking Denis H. , Norman Richard W. , Wilson James W.L.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: After the introduction of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), the subspecialty of endourology was born in the late 1970s. The purpose of this study was to report milestones in Canadian endourology, highlighting Canada’s contributions to the field.

Methods: A review of the literature was performed from the late 1970s to the present. The literature review included bibliographic and digital resources. Additionally, records and recollections by various individuals were used, including some directly involved.

Results: Endourology was born in Canada when SWL, URS, and PCNL emerged as minimally invasive treatment options for stones in the early to mid-1980s. According to our research, the first PCNL was performed at the University of Toronto in 1981. Dr. Joachim Burhenne, a Harvard-trained radiologist from Germany, first used extracorporeal SWL in Canada at the University of British Columbia (UBC) for the treatment of biliary stones. Treatment for urinary tract stones followed at UBC and Dalhousie University. The first worldwide use of the holmium laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract calculi took place at the University of Western Ontario. Other endourology milestones in Canada include the formation of the Canadian Endourology Group and the emergence of the Endourological Society-accredited fellowship programs at the University of Toronto and Western University in the 1990s. Canada hosted the 21st and 35th World Congress of Endourology and Shock Wave Lithotripsy annual meeting in Montreal and Vancouver, respectively.

Conclusions: Canadian urologists have led many advances in SWL, URS, and PCNL over the past four decades, and for a relatively small community have made significant contributions to the field. Through the training of the next generation of endourologists at Canadian institutions, the future of endourology in Canada is bright.
Research on the Levirate Marriage for the Han Chinese during Yuan Dynasty
Authors: Jiang Zongyan
Published: July 2019

The levirate marriage has been continued for thousands of years in the ancient time of China until after the People's Republic when it died out. In Yuan Dynasty, the levirate marriage was gradually ascended to state law from national habits; its position was so important that it was considered as the customs of the country, later it gradually moved towards collapse. The variation of laws as well as regulations for the levirate marriage reflect the process of which the two cultures of the Mongolian people and Han people blended continuously. Starting from the research on the policy of the levirate marriage for the Han Chinese, this article explores for the jurisdiction and control of rulers in Yuan Dynasty for the Han Chinese to disclose the ideological features of laws in Yuan Dynasty, which explore for the conflict and coordination of law culture in grassland of the law culture in central plains.
Health and Nutrition Issues Affecting Academic Involvement of Adult Learners in Literacy Programmes of Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwabuko Linus Okechukwu , Eneh Eberechukwu Charity , Idakpo Eunice R.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated health and nutrition issues affecting academic involvement of Adult learners in literacy programme in Kogi State, Nigeria. The specific purpose of the study was: to ascertain the extent health and nutrition affect academic involvement of adult learners in literacy programmes in Kogi State Nigeria.

MATERIALS & METHOD: The design for the study was a descriptive survey design. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data which wereanalysed using mean scores and standard deviation while t-test statistic was used to test the hypothesis that guided the study.

RESULTS: Results of the analysis showed among others health and nutrition issues such as chronic illness, poor nutrition and hunger affect academic involvement of adult learners. The results also showed that unhealthy adult learners do not feel happy in class during lessons or learning activities.

CONCLUSION: Based on the finding, it was concluded that health and nutrition have some level of relationship with adult learners’ academic involvement to a high extent.
Effect of Decreasing Saponin Levels to Nutrition of Extracted Moringa Leaf Powder
Authors: Indriasari Yuanita , Basrin Fitriani , Salam Miming Berlian Hi.
Published: July 2019

Moringa oleifera leaves have been used as food material because it has high nutritional value. Many research have been conducted on moringa leaves extract as functional food and the additional material of nutrient for some food products (biscuit, bread, jelly drink), which it looked that adding moringa leaves extract above 5% decrease the consumer acceptance level toward the product because of the strongest unpleasant aroma and bitter taste, which is caused by saponins content in moringa leaves extract is still high enough.This study aimed to obtain the optimal temperature and time of blanching process to reduce saponin level, and the appropriate solvents to extract nutrients from Moringa oleifera leaves so that Moringa leaves flour is obtained with no bitter taste (low saponin) and nutritious (water, protein, optimal vitamin C and vitamin A) as fortification ingredients for various food products. The results showed that the blanching treatment at 75 ° C for 5 minutes (T1W1) combined with 70% ethanol (P1) solvent was able to produce Moringa leaves flour with the lowest saponin content of 0.790%, but with nutrients that still met the requirements, namely water 6.508%, protein 28.705%, Vitamin C 90.77 mg 100 g-1 and Vitamin A 3590 µg 100 g-1.
The Possibility of Applying Rumen Research at the Projective Plane PG (2,17)
Authors: Ibrahim Shaymaa Haleem , Kasm Nada Yassen
Published: July 2019

One of the main objectives of this research is to use a new theoretical method to find arcs and Blocking sets. This method includes the deletion of a set of points from some lines under certain conditions explained in a paragraph 2.In this paper we were able to improve the minimum constraint of the (256,16) – arc in the projection plane PG(2,17).Thus , we obtained a new {50,2}-blocking set for size Less than 3q , and according to the theorem (1.3.1),we obtained the linear 257,3,24117    code, theorem( 2.1.1 ) giving some examples on arcs of the Galois field GF(q);q=17."
Goliath versus Goliath
Authors: Depo Bogdana
Published: August 2019

Proclamation of the ultimate victory of liberal democracy, which was popular in the 1990s, has clearly become inappropriate today, especially if one looks at the Eastern Partnership countries. This book aims at explaining the reasons for the EU’s lack of success with its democratization agenda in the Eastern Partnership countries by looking into Russia’s competitive agenda.
‘Goliath versus Goliath’ is an apt description of the EU’s and Russia’s countering attempts to promote their respective agendas in their shared neighbourhood. The EU’s democratization process and Russia’s alternative agenda in this region from 1991 to 2016 are compared through the prism of a realist balance of power thesis in normative, economic and military dimensions.
Educação com base na propaganda para o ensino integrado da preservação do meio ambiente
Authors: Oliveira Thais Rocha de
Published: July 2019

Este artigo visa concatenar meio ambiente, reciclagem, publicidade, administração e engenharia, propondo uma aprendizagem nos aspectos conceituais de administração de recursos recicláveis, por meio de imagens e vídeos educacionais, a fim de evitar desperdícios e poluição, bem como criar consciência ecológica através de projetos voltados para a sustentabilidade de modo integrado, dentro da Teoria da Complexidade entre as áreas. Será apresentada uma relação da Teoria da Complexidade, de Edgar Morin, e alguns fundamentos semióticos de Vygotsky e Feuerstein relacionados ao ensino dentro do pensamento lógico e da formação social da mente, abordado pelo primeiro, e a importância do papel do mediador, destacado pelo segundo. Tem-se como ferramenta os conceitos envolvidos pela utilização de signos tanto para a compreensão do mundo, formação das crenças ou comando para as ações.
Efectos de una competición de fútbol basada en la Liga Brave sobre el fair play, las orientaciones de meta, el esfuerzo y la presión-tensión en escolares de educación primaria
Authors: Lis-Velado P. , Carriedo A.
Published: August 2019

Se examinó la repercusión de la novedosa Liga Brave (2015) sobre las orientaciones de meta, el fair play, el esfuerzo, y la presión-tensión en 92 estudiantes de 2 colegios (grupo control: n = 45; grupo experimental: n = 47) con una media de edad de 10,38 años (DE =0,55). Durante 3 sesiones, el grupo control participó en una liga de fútbol sala tradicional, mientras que el grupo experimental participó en un sistema competitivo basado en el innovador formato de la Liga Brave (2015), donde las conductas de fair play determinan el orden en la clasificación. Se realizaron varias pruebas de contrastes de medias intra-sujetos, cuyos resultados reflejaron que el grupo experimental aumentó significativamente en la orientación a la tarea y en el esfuerzo percibido. Estos resultados sugieren que formatos competitivos como el que se propone podrían repercutir positivamente en la orientación a la tarea y en el esfuerzo durante las competiciones deportivas.

This research analyzed the Brave League (2015) effects on the goal orientation, the fair play, the effort and the pressure-tension on 92 pupils from two state schools (control group: n = 45 and experimental group: n = 47) with an age average of 10.38 years (SD = 0.55). The Intervention program was applied to both groups in 3 sessions of one hour; the control group created an indoor football league, whereas the experimental group continued to elaborate a competitive system based on the Brave League (2015) format, where the conducts of fair play establish the order in the classification. Several contrast tests were taken of the subject average, which results showed that the trial group increased the orientation towards the task) and the perceived effort. These results infer that the competitive formats like the proposed could affect positively the orientation towards the task and the effort throughout the sports competitions.
Rebelión en las aulas de economía: por qué poner fin a la monocultura neoclásica
Authors: Español Casanovas Ferran , de la Villa Aleman Laura
Published: August 2019

La economía es la única disciplina académica que cada día tiene más estudiantes en rebeldía por estar en contra de los contenidos que se ofrecen en las universidades. Lo que pretendemos con este artículo es mostrar el alcance del problema que hay detrás de este descontento, abordando con más detenimiento algunas de sus dimensiones. En primer lugar, se define el estado actual de la disciplina económica como una monocultura basada en los tres principios axiomáticos de la economía neoclásica y se discute el problema de la monocultura desde el debate epistemológico de fondo. En segundo lugar, se muestra la falta de pluralismo en los actuales planes de estudio mediante los resultados de los análisis hechos por distintos colectivos para los casos de las universidades del Reino Unido, Francia y España. En tercer lugar, se presenta el pluralismo de teorías, de disciplinas y de metodologías como estrategia para romper con la monocultura neoclásica y mejorar la formación de los estudiantes de economía. El artículo concluye poniendo de relieve que el pluralismo en la enseñanza de la economía es una necesidad no solo para los estudiantes, sino también para la academia, el mundo de los negocios y la sociedad en general.
In Vivo Tumor Visualization through MRI Off‐On Switching of NaGdF4–CaCO3 Nanoconjugates
Authors: Yi Zhigao , Luo Zichao , Barth Nicole D. , Meng Xianfu , Liu Hong , Bu Wenbo , All Angelo , Vendrell Marc , Liu Xiaogang
Published: July 2019

The development of high‐performance contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently received considerable attention, as they hold great promise and potential as a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. Despite substantial achievements, it remains challenging to develop nanostructure‐based biocompatible platforms that can generate on‐demand MRI signals with high signal‐to‐noise ratios and good tumor specificity. Here, the design and synthesis of a new class of nanoparticle‐based contrast agents comprising self‐assembled NaGdF4 and CaCO3 nanoconjugates is reported. In this design, the spatial confinement of the T1 source (Gd3+ ions) leads to an “OFF” MRI signal due to insufficient interaction between the protons and the crystal lattices. However, when immersed in the mildly acidic tumor microenvironment, the embedded CaCO3 nanoparticles generate CO2 bubbles and subsequently disconnect the nanoconjugate, thus resulting in an “ON” MRI signal. The in vivo performance of these nanoconjugates shows more than 60‐fold contrast enhancement in tumor visualization relative to the commercially used contrast agent Magnevist. This work presents a significant advance in the construction of smart MRI nanoprobes ideally suited for deep‐tissue imaging and target‐specific cancer diagnosis.
A Hybrid Solar Absorber–Electrocatalytic N‐Doped Carbon/Alloy/Semiconductor Electrode for Localized Photothermic Electrocatalysis
Authors: Meng Fan Lu , Yilmaz Gamze , Ding Tian Peng , Gao Minmin , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: July 2019

Converting and storing intermittent solar energy into stable chemical fuels of high efficiency depend crucially on harvesting excess energy beyond the conventional ultraviolet light spectrum. The means of applying highly efficient solar–thermal conversion on practical electricity‐driven water splitting could be a significant stride toward this goal, while some bottlenecks remain unresolved. Herein, photothermic electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions are proposed, which bestow a distinctive exothermic activation and electrochemical reactivity in a reconstructed electrolyzer system, and which are poised for efficient renewable energy production. Attributed to the synergistic in situ coupling of the N‐doped carbon, metallic alloy and oxides, in view of their broadband light absorption, high electrochemical surface area, and efficient charge transfer attributes, the hybrid photothermal electrocatalytic electrode simultaneously satisfies efficient photon‐to‐heat conversion and augmented electrochemical catalytic activity. Finally, a system level design of an appropriate photothermally mediated electrolytic cell with close‐proximity light‐illumination window along with a low‐thermal‐emittance electrolyte separator that preserve an overall large localized thermal gradient and efficient mass transport is devised. Such a photothermally mediated electrocatalytic system presented here may open up new avenues for the development of solar–thermal energy utilization in other forms.
Site‐selective Oxidative Dearomatization of Phenols and Naphthols into ortho‐Quinols or Epoxy ortho‐Quinols using Oxone as the Source of Dimethyldioxirane
Authors: Cabrera‐Afonso María J. , Carreño M. Carmen , Urbano Antonio
Published: July 2019

A novel reactivity of dimethyldioxirane, generated in situ from Oxone and acetone, with substituted phenols and naphthols is reported. This methodology allowed the synthesis of ortho‐quinols or epoxy ortho‐quinols from a site‐selective oxidative dearomatization process, with good yields under very mild conditions. A short total synthesis of natural product lacinilene C methyl ether is also described using this process as the key step.

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Hemilabile Ligands as Mechanosensitive Electrode Contacts for Molecular Electronics
Authors: Ferri Nicolò , Algethami Norah , Vezzoli Andrea , Sangtarash Sara , McLaughlin Maeve , Sadeghi Hatef , Lambert Colin J. , Nichols Richard J. , Higgins Simon J.
Published: July 2019

Single‐molecule junctions that are sensitive to compression or elongation are an emerging class of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Although the molecule–electrode interface can be engineered to impart such functionality, most studies to date rely on poorly defined interactions. We focused on this issue by synthesizing molecular wires designed to have chemically defined hemilabile contacts based on (methylthio)thiophene moieties. We measured their conductance as a function of junction size and observed conductance changes of up to two orders of magnitude as junctions were compressed and stretched. Localised interactions between weakly coordinating thienyl sulfurs and the electrodes are responsible for the observed effect and allow reversible monodentate⇄bidentate contact transitions as the junction is modulated in size. We observed an up to ≈100‐fold sensitivity boost of the (methylthio)thiophene‐terminated molecular wire compared with its non‐hemilabile (methylthio)benzene counterpart and demonstrate a previously unexplored application of hemilabile ligands to molecular electronics.
Vinylidene Homologation of Boronic Esters and its Application to the Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Machillene
Authors: Fordham James M. , Grayson Matthew N. , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: July 2019

Alkenyl boronic esters are important reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we report that these valuable products can be accessed by the homologation of boronic esters with lithiated epoxysilanes. Aliphatic and electron‐rich aromatic boronic esters provided vinylidene boronic esters in moderate to high yields, while electron‐deficient aromatic and vinyl boronic esters were found to give the corresponding vinyl silane products. Through DFT calculations, this divergence in mechanistic pathway has been rationalized by considering the stabilization of negative charge in the C−Si and C−B bond breaking transition states. This vinylidene homologation was used in a short six‐step stereoselective synthesis of the proposed structure of machillene, however, synthetic and reported data were found to be inconsistent.
Bioinspired Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Hydrophobic Drug Delivery
Authors: Yang Guangze , Liu Yun , Wang Haofei , Wilson Russell , Hui Yue , Yu Lei , Wibowo David , Zhang Cheng , Whittaker Andrew K. , Middelberg Anton P. J. , Zhao Chun‐Xia
Published: July 2019

A large range of nanoparticles have been developed to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs. However, drug loading is usually less than 10 % or even 1 %. Now, core–shell nanoparticles are fabricated having exceptionally high drug loading up to 65 % (drug weight/the total weight of drug‐loaded nanoparticles) and high encapsulation efficiencies (>99 %) based on modular biomolecule templating. Bifunctional amphiphilic peptides are designed to not only stabilize hydrophobic drug nanoparticles but also induce biosilicification at the nanodrug particle surface thus forming drug‐core silica–shell nanocomposites. This platform technology is highly versatile for encapsulating various hydrophobic cargos. Furthermore, the high drug loading nanoparticles lead to better in vitro cytotoxic effects and in vivo suppression of tumor growth, highlighting the significance of using high drug‐loading nanoparticles.
2D Monoelemental Germanene Quantum Dots: Synthesis as Robust Photothermal Agents for Photonic Cancer Nanomedicine
Authors: Ouyang Jiang , Feng Chan , Ji Xiaoyuan , Li Li , Gutti Hemanth Kiran , Kim Na Yoon , Artzi Dolev , Xie Angel , Kong Na , Liu You‐Nian , Tearney Guillermo J. , Sui Xinbing , Tao Wei , Farokhzad Omid C.
Published: July 2019

As a new family member of the emerging two‐dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes), germanene has shown promising advantages over the prototypical 2D Xenes, such as black phosphorus (BP) and graphene. However, efficient manufacture of novel germanene nanostructures is still a challenge. Herein, a simple top‐down approach for the liquid‐exfoliation of ultra‐small germanene quantum dots (GeQDs) is presented. The prepared GeQDs possess an average lateral size of about 4.5 nm and thickness of about 2.2 nm. The functionalized GeQDs were demonstrated to be robust photothermal agents (PTAs) with outstanding photothermal conversion efficacy (higher than those of graphene and BPQDs), superior stability, and excellent biocompatibility. As a proof‐of‐principle, 2D GeQDs‐based PTAs were used in fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal‐imaging‐guided hyperpyrexia ablation of tumors. This work could expand the application of 2D germanene to the field of photonic cancer nanomedicine.
Thermolysis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles into Electron‐Rich Phosphorus‐Coordinated Noble Metal Single Atoms at Low Temperature
Authors: Zhou Peng , Li Ning , Chao Yuguang , Zhang Weiyu , Lv Fan , Wang Kai , Yang Wenxiu , Gao Peng , Guo Shaojun
Published: July 2019

Noble metal single atoms coordinated with highly electronegative atoms, especially N and O, often suffer from an electron‐deficient state or poor stability, greatly limiting their wide application in the field of catalysis. Herein we demonstrate a new PH3‐promoted strategy for the effective transformation of noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs, M=Ru, Rh, Pd) at a low temperature (400 °C) into a class of thermally stabilized phosphorus‐coordinated metal single atoms (MPSAs) on g‐C3N4 nanosheets via the strong Lewis acid–base interaction between PH3 and the noble metal. Experimental work along with theoretical simulations confirm that the obtained Pd single atoms supported on g‐C3N4 nanosheets exist in the form of PdP2 with a novel electron‐rich feature, conceptionally different from the well‐known single atoms with an electron‐deficient state. As a result of this new electronic property, PdP2‐loaded g‐C3N4 nanosheets exhibit 4 times higher photocatalytic H2 production activity than the state‐of‐art N‐coordinated PdSAs supported on g‐C3N4 nanosheets. This enhanced photocatalytic activity of phosphorus‐coordinated metal single atoms with an electron‐rich state was quite general, and also observed for other active noble metal single atom catalysts, such as Ru and Rh.