bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
London – Planning Integrated Communities.
Authors: Bishop Peter
Published: February 2022

The term ‘regeneration’ has become ubiquitous in urban planning and is often used loosely to describe many urban interventions, including those of a purely commercial nature that renew (and often destroy) urban fabric purely for private profit. There is nothing inherently wrong with development for profit, but regeneration should imply something subtler, complex and multi-faceted. If, as urban practitioners, we ignore the social dimension of urban change and fail to redress existing imbalances then we are complicit in perpetuating social inequalities. Urban regeneration should be driven by an agenda to improve social wellbeing. As practitioners we have a moral imperative to address inequalities and develop design strategies to remove barriers to social integration, real or perceived. On the surface, London appears to be a multi-cultural city without the political or stark socio-spatial divisions that are seen, for example, in the banlieues of Paris. There are wealthier and poorer neighbourhoods of course but, due to its history and post war planning policies, most neighbourhoods are socially mixed. The divisions in London, however, are subtler and fine grained. The city is open (and indeed there are few, if any areas that are too dangerous to enter) but perceived barriers exist – invisible lines that divide the city, isolate some of its inhabitants and inhibit social mobility. This paper will look at the conditions that create divisions in London and will examine strategies that can break down the physical and psychological barriers within cities. It will use the Kings Cross regeneration scheme as a central case study
The optimizing POSM “Point of Sale Materials” communication through neuromarketing.
Authors: González Morales Antonio
Published: February 2022

Las compras impulsivas se realizan como consecuencia de fuertes deseos de adquirir los productos vistos en las tiendas y son muy importantes en ciertos tipos de productos. Se trata de un comportamiento complejo e inmediato de toma de decisión espontánea, no racional en la que no se valora otras opciones. Los estímulos visuales y la activación emocional que estos generan, influyen en la decisión de estas compras. El objetivo de la presente investigación es llegar a la conclusión sobre la confirmación o refutación, de que mediante el neuromarketing podría evaluarse los estímulos visuales en los puntos de venta para este tipo de compra. Se han estudiado más de 250 artículos científicos para concluir sobre su posible idoneidad, obteniéndose las siguientes conclusiones: en las compras impulsivas influyen la excitación emocional y la atención visual. La excitación emocional puede medirse mediante medidores periféricos, la valencia emocional puede medirse mediante electroencefalografía y la atención visual usando eye tracker. Por lo que se puede afirmar que los medidores periféricos, la electroencefalografía y el eye tracker, herramientas propias de neuromarketing, son útiles para investigar la influencia del POSM en la atención y la toma de decisiones en compras impulsivas. La neurociencia ayuda a las empresas a mejorar las ventas y el proceso de compras.
PRACTICING WHAT WE PREACH: Modeling the Way for Students by Developing Faculty and Staff as Leaders
Authors: McClellan J.L.
Published: February 2022

When our students told us they wanted our faculty and staff to practice the leadership competencies that we were outlining in our university’s leadership competency model, we decided to take on the challenge. Based on principles of effective leadership development, the College of Business and Office of Human Resources created and continue to refine a leadership development program for faculty and staff at the University. This article describes the development of this program and how it has grown over the past few years to model the way for our students.
GENERATIVE LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN AN AGRICULTURAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM
Authors: Bower Kyle L. , Kelsey Kathleen D. , Fuhrman Nicholas E. , Griffeth Lauren Ledbetter
Published: February 2022

Adult agricultural leadership programs (ALP) train people to address the needs of a diversifying society with pressing social, economic, environmental, and political challenges. Additionally, these programs offer transformative learning experiences that lead to a greater capacity of current and prospective leaders to become change agents in their communities. In a profession where vitality, strength, and perseverance are fundamental, the agricultural industry needs leaders who remain aware of the foundational knowledge contributed by their predecessors. At the same time, it also necessitates innovation that may revolutionize the agricultural industry for decades to come. In this mixed-method study, we asked participants of a state-based ALP to complete the Loyola Generativity Scale (N=48) that measures generative concern, with higher scores indicating stronger generative concern. Survey results (N=48) indicated average overall generative concern. However, there was a considerable variation among participants, scores ranging from 45 to 77. To understand the range of attitudes, we conducted interviews (N=11) with ALP participants. Generativity Theory provided the foundation of our qualitative analysis. We identified how participants are acting generatively in their leadership roles by promoting the sustainability of agriculture through social engagement, capitalizing on opportunities for teaching and learning, and expanding social capital through intergenerational professional networks. From this research, scholars and practitioners will gain a more nuanced understanding of how this ALP is facilitating generative leadership among today’s leaders so they may continue transforming their industry by connecting generational cohorts through the transmission of experience, knowledge, and expertise.
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ESERVICE-LEARNING: A Case Study
Authors: Greenleaf Justin , Goertzen Brent
Published: February 2022

This case study explores student learning outcomes from a student-led eService-learning (SLESL) course. The researchers interviewed 12 participants in addition to evaluating final reflection papers. Data analysis yielded three general categories including leadership insights, personal growth and development, and overcoming community obstacles. Leadership insights were comprised of five emergent themes such as leadership lessons learned, collaboration, communication, influence, and other leadership theories. Personal growth and development included seven themes such as personal challenge, personal awareness, practical application, personal affect, personal self-efficacy, self-efficacy toward future involvement, and service-learning insights. The final category, overcoming community obstacles, was encompassed by three themes including community challenge, insights about others, and innovation. Transferability of the findings along with implications for practice are discussed.
Building Load Control Using Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Programs with Right-Hand Side Uncertainty and the Risk-Adjustable Variants
Authors: Zhang Yiling , Dong Jin
Published: February 2022

Aggregation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads can provide reserves to absorb volatile renewable energy, especially solar photo-voltaic (PV) generation. In this paper, we decide HVAC control schedules under uncertain PV generation, using a distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) building load control model under two typical ambiguity sets: the moment-based and Wasserstein ambiguity sets. We derive mixed integer linear programming (MILP) reformulations for DRCC problems under both sets. Especially, for the Wasserstein ambiguity set, we use the right-hand side (RHS) uncertainty to derive a more compact MILP reformulation than the commonly known MILP reformulations with big-M constants. All the results also apply to general individual chance constraints with RHS uncertainty. Furthermore, we propose an adjustable chance-constrained variant to achieve tradeoff between the operational risk and costs. We derive MILP reformulations under the Wasserstein ambiguity set and second-order conic programming (SOCP) reformulations under the moment-based set. Using real-world data, we conduct computational studies to demonstrate the efficiency of the solution approaches and the effectiveness of the solutions.

Summary of Contribution: The problem studied in this paper is motivated by a building load control problem that uses the aggregation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads as flexible reserves to absorb uncertain solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. The problem is formulated as distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) programs with right-hand side (RHS) uncertainty. In addition, we propose a risk-adjustable variant of the DRCC programs, where the risk level, instead of being predetermined, is treated as a decision variable. The paper aims to provide tractable reformulations and solution algorithms for both the (general) DRCC and the (general) adjustable DRCC models with RHS uncertainty.
Space Norms for Constructing Quality Reviews on Online Consumer Review Sites
Authors: Hou Jinghui (Jove) , Ma Xiao
Published: February 2022

As consumer-generated online reviews are recognized as an essential component of many e-commerce websites, practitioners and digital platforms strive to elicit high-quality reviews. Yet research so far mainly focuses on what drives consumers to submit reviews, whereas little has been done to help understand why review writers construct high-quality reviews versus post poor review content. This paper demonstrates that the behavior of writing quality reviews is largely directed by space norms, a distinct instantiation of social norms inferred from locally observing how others write reviews in the digital space (i.e., the review site). The perception of the space norm begets a sense that one should write reviews in accordance with the norm and induces the corresponding behavior on the given site. Our work lends insights to practitioners and digital platforms: managers looking to elicit quality reviewing behavior should devise the local website environment to foster the space norms for the desired behavior. We offer several cost-effective methods to foster space norms, including a machine learning approach.
Alkaline Diuresis as Treatment for 2,4-D Dimethylamine Herbicide Intoxication
Authors: Badu Apolonia Berenika , Cempakadewi Ade Ajeng , Budihardja Brigitta Marcia , Ake Anselmus
Published: February 2022

Acute intoxication with 2,4-D dimethylamine is rare, often fatal and can cause signs and symptoms in different organ systems. This case report describes the effectiveness of alkaline diuresis as a life-saving treatment for chlorophenoxy intoxication, especially in healthcare facilities without access to haemodialysis. A patient had attempted suicide by ingesting 2,4-D dimethylamine, with toxic effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. However, she significantly improved after alkaline diuresis, accompanied by resuscitation, decontamination of the gastrointestinal system, and supportive therapies.
SOB A PELE DA ALMA: NICOLÁS GUILLÉN E A POESIA PARA CRIANÇAS DE QUALQUER IDADE UNDER THE SKIN OF THE SOUL: NICOLÁS GUILLÉN AND POETRY FOR CHILDREN OF ANY AGE
Authors: Cardoso Rosane Maria
Published: February 2022

RESUMO: Nicolás Guillén, poeta cubano conhecido pelo seu ativismo político e social, valeu-se da experiência pessoal e das andanças pelos bairros pobres de La Habana para pensar sobre o mundo cubano que o envolvia totalmente. O poeta dedicou parte de sua extensa obra à infância. Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões a respeito da poesia de Guillén para crianças e de temas relacionados ao racismo e à identidade cubana. Discute-se, na análise, os modos como o poeta recusa uma “poesia negra” para chegar a uma poesia cubana, isto é, pautada na transculturação. O objetivo deste estudo é enfatizar o papel social da literatura na vida dos leitores de qualquer idade. Além do valor estético, emocional e cognitivo, ler e/ou ouvir aproxima adultos e crianças do entorno cultural, através do qual é possível (re)conhecer a si e ao outro. ABSTRACT: Nicolás Guillén, a Cuban poet known for his political and social activism, used his personal experience and wanderings through the poor neighborhoods of La Habana to think about the Cuban world that fully involved him. The poet devoted part of his extensive work to childhood. This article presents some reflections on Guillén's poetry for children and themes related to racism and Cuban identity. The analysis discusses how the poet refuses a "black poetry" to reach a Cuban poetry that is, based on transculturation. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the social role of literature in the lives of readers of any age. In addition to the aesthetic, emotional, and cognitive value, reading and/or listening brings adults and children closer to the cultural environment, through which it is possible to know and recognize oneself and others.
The ligule ultrastructure of the tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa) landraces of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, and their genetic diversity and relationship
Authors: Mursyidin Dindin Hidayatul , PURNOMO Purnomo , Daryono Budi Setiadi
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Mursyidin DH, Purnomo, Daryono BS. 2021. The ligule ultrastructure of the tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa) landraces of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, and their genetic diversity and relationship. Biodiversitas 22: 5280-5285. In-depth characterization of rice landrace is needed in supporting the future conservation and crop breeding programs. Tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.), belonging to this landrace, provided useful agronomic traits for both programs. In this study, the nine the tidal swamp rice ligule samples, mainly from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, were observed ultrastructurally using the SEM method. The diversity and relationships of this landrace based on the ligule ultrastructure were also determined using PCA and UPGMA methods. Generally the tidal swamp rice showed a unique ultrastructure of their ligule, composed of the large trichomes (prickle hair), small trichomes (micro hair), stomata-like structure, and silica cells, as well as the papillae that line along the veins. In this case, we found four patterns of the prickle hair on the ligule's abaxial surface, which has never been reported previously, namely scattered randomly, lined up on the vein, grid-step-like pattern, and unpatterned. The results of PCA and UPGMA showed that this landrace grouped into the same main three clusters, where Sardani (an outgroup) was included in the second cluster and joined with other cultivars from South Kalimantan. This information may be useful for the development of taxonomy and plant structures, and plant genetics and conservation.
Biosurfactant activity of indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3 isolated from endemic breeding sites of dengue hemorrhagic fever vector in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: NAFIDIASTRI FARAH AISYAH , SUSETYO RIZKY DANANG , NURHARIYATI TRI , SUPRIYANTO AGUS , GERALDI ALMANDO , NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH , FATIMAH FATIMAH , SALAMUN SALAMUN
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Nafidiastri FA, Susetyo RD, Nurhariyati T, Supriyanto A, Geraldi A, Ni’matuzahroh, Fatimah, Salamun. 2021. Biosurfactant activity of indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3 isolated from endemic breeding sites of dengue hemorrhagic fever vector in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5375-5381. Bacillus spp. have shown the ability to results a variety of commercial bioactive compounds such as proteins, peptides, and lipopeptides (LPs). Some of the LPs produced by Bacillus spp. are surfactin, iturin, and fengicin. This study aimed to determine the name of the indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3, the biosynthesis surfactin gene, and the potential activity for biosurfactant produced by entomopathogenic Bacillus sp. ES4.3 isolated from endemic breeding sites of ??Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Vector in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Genomic DNA of Bacillus sp. ES4.3 was detected by isolating the DNA and visualizing it by electrophoresis. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The resulting nucleotide sequences were analyzed to find the relationship between Bacillus sp ES4.3 with another bacteria using MEGA version 6 software. Detection of biosynthesis surfactin gene was carried out by PCR method using srfAD primers. Analysis of the homology level of the surfactin gene was performed using the NCBI BLASTn and BLASTp genetic analysis program. The indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3 had 97.66% closeness to the species Bacillus velezensis FZB42 and the surfactin gene showed a 100% ID with the surfactin biosynthesis thioesterase SrfA-D gene on the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens group. The biosurfactant activity was indicated by the formation of clear zones, emulsions, and a decrease in surface tension in the values ??of 21.38 mN/m from the NB medium control and 33.74 mN/m from the distilled water control. The ability of B. velezensis ES4.3 to hemolyzed and reduce surface tension indicated the presence of biosurfactant that can disrupt stability and damage the midgut of Aedes aegypti. Thus, B. velezensis ES4.3 has the potential to be developed as a biocontrol in disease vectors.
Morphological and molecular features of stain fungi infecting rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Nandika Dodi , Arinana Arinana , Salman Ali Bin Abithalib , Putri Julia Yonipi
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Nandika D, Arinana, Salman ABA, Putri JY. 2021. Morphological and molecular features of stain fungi infecting rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). Biodiversitas 22: 5408-5416. In the southeast Asia region, particularly Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia, rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) has been widely used as a raw material in various industries particularly furniture manufacturing. However, rubberwood is highly susceptible to fungal attack due to its lack of heartwood formation. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the morphological and molecular features of stain fungi infecting rubberwood. A total of five isolates of stain fungi belonging to three genera were identified based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and morphological features. All isolates belong to Order Eurotiales with each genus being Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. The highest growth rate on wood samples was shown by Aspergillus chevalieri section Aspergillus and Paecilomyces maximus or P. formosus with values of 86.57% and 86.22%, respectively. All of the stain fungi genera caused varied level of discoloration on wood samples with dark grayish and very dark grayish as the more frequent color found. Quantitatively, the highest discoloration was shown by A. chevalieri section Aspergillus (?E = 27.60) and P. maximus or P. formosus (?E = 16.69). These species can be considered as newly stain fungi recorded infecting rubberwood in Indonesia. In addition, discoloration caused by these two stain fungi was the worst.
Biochemical identification and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from street foods and drinks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene
Authors: Budiarso Tri Yahya , Amarantini Charis , Pakpahan Suhendra
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Budiarso TY, Amarantini C, Pakpahan S. 2021. Biochemical identification and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from street foods and drinks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene. Biodiversitas 22: 5452-5458. Yogyakarta is best known as a student city in Indonesia. However, the fact that students spend almost full day in the school gave rise to the sale of a great variety of foods and drinks in its surrounding streets. Unfortunately, most street vendors do not pay attention to food hygiene. This study aims to identify the biochemical and molecular isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from street foods and drinks in Yogyakarta using 16S rRNA gene. Data were collected from 120 samples of street foods and drinks sold at schools and several public places. The samples were enumerated using CCA medium to isolate suspected Klebsiella spp. colonies, then physiologically screened and identified using the API-20E kit. Positive isolates were isolated and amplified using the 16S rRNA gene marker for sequencing, which was then compared with the GenBank database to establish molecular identity. The results of biochemical identification obtained 11 isolates confirmed as K. pneumoniae and 1 isolate as K. oxytoca. The phylogenetic analysis showed that only 10 isolates were determined as K. pneumoniae with the reference sequences of K. pneumoniae from infected patients' respiratory and urinary tract. Furthermore, 2 isolates identified as Citrobacter sp. and Micrococcus sp., which are contaminated with Klebsiella spp. were highly found in street foods and drinks. Therefore, hygiene and sanitation need to be implemented when processing and serving these foods.
Performance of cultured marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria as a heavy metal bio-adsorption
Authors: MARZUKI ISMAIL , KAMARUDDIN MUDYAWATI , AHMAD RASHEED , ASAF RUZKIAH , ARMUS RAKMAD , SISWANTY IVONNE
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Marzuki I, Ahmad R, Kamaruddin M, Asaf R, Armus R, Siswanty I. 2021. Performance of cultured marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria as a heavy metal bio-adsorption. Biodiversitas 22: 5536-5543. One source of heavy metal waste could be coming from industrial disposal. Contamination and accumulation of hazardous heavy metal waste are most likely to occur in water areas, It has become a global issue that urgently requires appropriate technology to address. Two marine sponge-symbiotic bacteria from the Spermonde islands, Indonesia, i.e., Bacillus cohnii strain DSM 6307 (BS) and Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2 (PS), were used in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of heavy metal bio-adsorption of two sponge symbiotic bacteria by contact technique and are assessed their activity, capacity, and efficiency of bio-adsorption against different heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd),. The bio-adsorption capacity was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) after a predetermined contact time (4, 8, 12, and 16 days). The results demonstrated that two sponge symbiotic bacteria had bio-adsorption activities against eight different heavy metals. BS bacteria exhibited higher bio-adsorption capacity (Cr ? Zn ? Cu ? Fe ? Co ?Mn and Ag ? Cd) than that of PS bacteria (Zn ? Co ? Fe ? Mn ? Cu ? Cr and Cd ? Ag). The difference in the atomic number of heavy metals causes the characteristics of these metals to vary which affects the capacity and efficiency of bio-adsorption of sponge symbiotic bacteria to heavy metals.
A seed morphometry study of selected species of Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in relation to their dispersals
Authors: APRILIANTI POPI , HANDINI ELIZABETH , PUSPITANINGTYAS DWI MURTI
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Aprilianti P, Handini E, Puspitaningtyas DM. 2021. A seed morphometry study of selected species of Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in relation to their dispersals. Biodiversitas 22: 5564-5571. Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium are the two largest genera of Orchidaceae. The seed morphometry studies of Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium, mainly from Southeast Asia are still poorly reported. The research aimed to characterize seeds micromorphometry of selected species of Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium, namely Bulbophyllum graveolens, B. macranthum, B. phalaenopsis, Dendrobium bicaudatum, and D. bifalce in relation to their dispersal mechanisms. Twenty seeds of each species were studied using light and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Qualitative characters, such as seed shape, testa cell shape, wall structure, and its orientation and quantitative data, such as seed and embryo were analyzed. The results showed that the shape of the seeds of all the species was fusiform. The testa cell walls were smooth and covered by waxes. The anticlinal walls were raised and thickened. Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium can be differentiated in the orientation of testa cells, which is spirally oriented in Bulbophyllum and parallel to the long axis in the Dendrobium. There are no large variations in seed and embryo volume as well as seed air space (SAS) in different taxa. The SAS value can be used to predict the dispersal mechanism and distribution area of the orchid species. Unfortunately, the SAS values are not always positively correlated with the distribution area and other factors inhibit the spread of the species.
Short Communication: Structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in Lembar bay area, West Lombok District, Indonesia
Authors: ABDILLAH SUKURYADI , HARAHAB NUDDIN , PRIMYASTANTO MIMIT , HADI ALFIAN PUJIAN
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Sukuryadi, Harahab N, Primyastanto M, Hadi AP. 2021. Short Communication: Structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in Lembar bay area, West Lombok District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5585-5592. One of the potential natural resources of coastal areas in West Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia is the 501.9-ha mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure and composition of mangroves in the Lembar bay area. The study used field observation methods based on predetermined plots. The results showed that the composition of mangroves in the Lembar Bay area consisted of Avicennia alba Bl, Avicennia marina (Forsk) Vierh, Bruguiera cylindrica (L) Bl, Ceriop decandra (Griff) Ding Hou, Ceriop tagal (Perr) C.B. Rob, Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voight, Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. Var, Phemphis acidula, Rhizhopora stylosa Griff, Rhizophora apiculata Bl, Rhizophora mucronata Lmk, and Sonneratia alba J.E. Smith. The mangrove vegetation at tree level was composed of 12 species dominated by Rhizhopora stylosa Griff and Rhizophora mucronata Lmk, with Importance Value Index (IVI) of 56.05 and 48.89, respectively, at sapling level 9 species dominated by Rhizhopora stylosa Griff, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Rhizophora mucronata, with IVI of 47.46, 33.33, and 31.07 respectively, and at the seedling level 7 species dominated by Rhizhopora stylosa Griff and Rhizophora mucronata Lmk, with IVI of 47.71 and 37.76, respectively.
Growth performance and survival rate of striped eel catfish (Plotosus lineatus) in the domestication
Authors: Asriyana Asriyana , Halili Halili , Hamzah Muhaimin , Kurnia Agus
Published: February 2022

Asriyana, Halili, Hamzah M, Kurnia A. 2021. Growth performance and survival rate of striped eel catfish (Plotosus lineatus) in the domestication. Biodiversitas 22: 5593-5599. The striped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus, is one of the catfishes that live in coral reefs and have high economic value. The fish is available in the wild and can be domesticated to supply animal protein necessity. This study aims to determine the optimum catfish size that would support their domestication process based on growth performance and survival rate in controlled media. The catfish's total length and body weight were measured every two weeks within the 56 days of rearing. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design composed of three treatment groups (based on fish length size) and four replications, namely 3.5-4.0 cm (group A), 4.9-5.6 cm (group B), and 7.0-8.0 cm (group C) with a density of five fish per pond. Results indicated that the catfish could live in a saline water pond. The growth performance of treatment group B was higher than treatment group A and C with absolute length growth (Lm) values of 2.19±0.63 cm, the daily growth rate in length (DGRL) of 0.04±0.05 cm/day, relative growth rate (RGR) of 0.51±0.58%/day, and specific growth rate of (SGR) 1.63±0.74%/day. However, the highest survival rate was observed in the treatment C group (65.00±4.08%), followed by treatment group A (46.25±2.50) and B (31.00±7.42). These findings will assist in the domestication of striped eel catfish to support the conservation of striped catfish populations in the future.
Morphology and molecular identification of Eurytrema spp. worm in Aceh cattle, Indonesia
Authors: HANAFIAH MUHAMMAD , HELMI TEUKU ZAHRIAL , SUTRIANA AMALIA , BAHI MUHAMMAD
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Hanafiah M, Helmi TZ, Sutriana A, Bahi M. 2021. Morphology and molecular identification of  Eurytrema spp. worm in Aceh cattle, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5654-5661. The objective of this research was to determine the species of Eurytrema spp. in Aceh cattle which were slaughtered in slaughterhouses located in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Identification of Eurytrema spp worm species was performed by Semichon’s Carmine staining, SEM and molecular method. The result fromSemichon’s Carmine staining and SEM method showed that worms coded E2 and E3 were Eurytrema cladorchis indicated by clearly visible protruding cirrus while worms coded E1, E4 and E5 were E. pancreaticum indicated by the absence of protruding cirrus. Molecular characterization of Eurytrema spp.produced fragments of approximately 700 bp in length. The phylogenic tree showed that Eurytrema spp.from Aceh cattle consisted of  2 clades: clade 1 was E. pancreaticum, while clade 2 was E. cladorchis. DNA sequencing result showed that the similarity of worm samples coded 1, 4, and 5 were 98.90% similar to E.  pancreaticum (KJ767631.1 and KC535543.1), and 96. 33% similar to E. cladorchis (MN566134.5 and MN566140.1), whereas the worm samples coded 2 and 3 were 97.53% similar to E. pancreaticum (KY490000.1 until KY490004.1), and 97.55 % similar to E. cladorchis (MN566135.1 until MN566140.1). This research was able to identify E. pancreaticumand E. cladorchis in Aceh cattle slaughtered in Banda Aceh slaughter houses.
Short communication: The preference and functional response of Sycanus aurantiacus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) on three prey types in laboratory conditions
Authors: Yuliadhi Ketut Ayu , Supartha I Wayan , Wijaya I Nyoman , Pudjianto Pudjianto , Nurmansyah Ali , Susila I Wayan , Yudha I Kadek Wisma , Utama I Wayan Eka Karya , Wiradana Putu Angga
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Yuliadhi KA, Supartha IW, Wijaya IN, Pudjianto, Nurmansyah A, Susila IW, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Wiradana PA. 2021. Short communication: The preference and functional response of Sycanus aurantiacus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) on three prey types in laboratory conditions. Biodiversitas 22: 5662-5667. Sycanus aurantiacus Ishikawa et Okajima (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is a valuable predatory insect that can be cultivated in biological pest control programs, particularly in vegetable crops. The research aimed to investigate the preferences and functional responses of the predator Sycanus aurantiacus to three different prey species in the laboratory conditions, included Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius), and Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus). The preference experiment was carried out by monitoring the prey on which S. aurantiacus preyed the most. The functional responsiveness of S. aurantiacus was determined by measuring the time it took to detect and prey on various kinds of prey, as well as the number of prey that were successfully preyed upon when the quantity of prey was increased. The predatory S. aurantiacus preferred P. xylostella over C. pavonana and T. molitor. S. aurantiacus functional response to three kinds of prey, including type II, is shown. In P. xylostella, the instantaneous prey search rate (a) was 0.2/hour, with a handling time (Th) of 1 hour 40 minutes/prey, which was quicker than the other two kinds of prey. As a result of our findings, the predator S. aurantiacus can be maintained in the lab and has the potential to be developed as an efficient biocontrol agent, particularly against the cabbage leaf caterpillar P. xylostella.
Diversity of sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove forest in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Sibero Mada Triandala , Pribadi Rudhi , Larasati Stefanie Jessica Henny , CALABON MARK S , SABDONO AGUS , SUBAGIYO SUBAGIYO , FREDERICK EVAN HANSEL
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Sibero MT, Pribadi R, Larasati SJH, Calabon MS, Sabdono A, Subagiyo S, Frederick EH. 2021. Diversity of sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove forest in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5695-5605. Plenty of studies have reported interesting biological properties and bioactive compounds from sponge-associated fungi in Indonesia. However, only a few studies consider their biodiversity. Most of the studies collected the sponge from the coral reef ecosystem and barely reported from the mangrove ecosystem. This study aimed to discover the biodiversity of sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove ecosystem using a DNA barcoding approach. Five mangrove-associated sponges were collected from a tidal mangrove forest in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. In total, we isolated 56 sponge-associated fungi, which consisted of seven genera in the phylum Ascomycota (77.78%), one genus in the phylum Basidiomycota (11.11%), and one genus in the phylum Mucoromycota (11.11%). Trichoderma (n: 15, 26.79%), Aspergillus (n: 13, 23.21%) and Fusarium (n: 12, 21.45%) were the top three dominant genera. In addition, based on the association of fungi to its sponge hosts, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Fusarium, and Trichoderma are sponge-generalists; Absidia and Pestalotiopsis are sponge-associates; while Lasiodiplodia, Montagnula, and Wallemia are sponge-specialist.
Behavior of the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages
Authors: RANSALELEH TILTJE ANDRETHA , WAHYUNI INDYAH , KAWATU MARTHA , NANGOY MEIS JACINTA , WIANTORO SIGIT
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Ransaleleh TA, Wahyuni I, Kawatu M, Nangoy MJ, Wiantoro S. 2021. Behavior of the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in cages. Biodiversitas 22: 5657-5665. Hunting and illegal trading have become a common thread for the black flying fox in Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on its biology and behavior as a baseline for conservation and management program is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to examine the behavioral activities of black flying fox, Pteropus alecto (Temminck, 1837) kept in cages through direct observation. The results showed that feeding was carried out by descending to the bottom of the cage before picking up fruits with the mouth and wings. Furthermore, the time associated with this process ranged from 06.01 to 10.00, while agonistic behavior performed using claws and wings took place from 10.01 to 14.00 in the daytime and 22.01 to 02.00 at night. Grooming was carried out using the tongue and wings, from 14.01 to 18.00 during the day and 22.01 to 02.00 during the night. Subsequently, the bats slept by perching with the eyes closed and the whole body wrapped with the wings from 02.01 to 10.00, while locomotion and stationary behaviors were performed by perching with eyes open and flying around the cage with the wings spread apart from 10.01 to 14.00 during the day and 22.01 to 02.00 at night. The percentage of day and night behavior activities consist of agonistic 0.12%, grooming 6.14%, eating 19.36%, sleeping 56.33%, and stationary and locomotive 17.76%. The results improve the understanding of P. alecto's daily activities in the cage which are difficult to observe in the wild and provide insight for conservation and wildlife management. Furthermore, information from this study is useful for future bat captivity programs.
Positive reinforcement conditioning as Sumatran tiger's (Panthera tigris sumatrae) social enrichment at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: KIRANAPUTRI GENOVEVA , SJAHFIRDI LUTHFIRALDA , TUMBELAKA LIGAYA ITA , YANA ARI , PRIYANTO SADMOKO KUSUMO , ANGGARSARI LESTY YULIETA , MARIZAL MARIZAL
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Kiranaputri G, Sjahfirdi L, Tumbelaka LITA, Yana A, Priyanto SK, Anggarsari LY, Marizal. 2021. Positive reinforcement conditioning as Sumatran tiger's (Panthera tigris sumatrae) social enrichment at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 55-61. Tiger individuals are translocated to ex-situ conservations due to human-tiger conflicts and may express behavioral change (stereotypic) in captivity. Furthermore, medical check-up routines may cause injury and stress between tiger and operators under tough circumstances. Positive reinforcement conditioning (PRC) is a well-known method to minimize the risks on medical examination and as social enrichment. Therefore, the purposes of this research are (i) to examine PRC on tiger's blood sample collections and (ii) the correlation between physiological stress and tiger's stereotypic behavior (SB) through the neutrophil per lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) method. Four Sumatran tigers’ (1 female, 3 males) behavior were observed using focal animal sampling at Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre, Lampung, Indonesia. Each baseline and post-enrichment tiger's behavioral observations were conducted for 1.920 minutes (1 male & 1 female) and 960 minutes (2 males). Then SB was categorized into low (<33,33%), intermediate (33,34-66,66%) or high (>66,67%). Blood collections (BC) were conducted twice (1st without PRC and 2nd with PRC) directly on the tiger after the behavior observation. Tiger's physiological stress during BC was analyzed with Wilcoxon. The correlation between physiological stress and SB was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis. All tigers’ N/L ratios were in normal value from this present research during both BC. The tigers did not show chronical stress as long this research was conducted. PRC was significantly effective to reduce tiger physiological stress during BC (Z= -0,730, P= 0,465 < 0,05). All tigers showed low (<33,33%) pacing SB (without fur-plucking, self-biting, and self-mutilation behavior) both in baseline and post-enrichment. Any fur-plucking, self-biting & self-mutilation behaviors were not observed. Physiological stress was not correlated to SB ( = 3, P= 0,392 > 0,05). The PRC was an appropriate and effective tool to handle Sumatran tigers during BC. These tigers performed SB as a coping mechanism in the enclosure.
ST3 national selection for surgical specialty training in the UK: a comparative analysis
Authors: Leiberman D , Myatt D , Kausar A
Published: February 2022

Introduction

National recruitment at ST3 level is the point for aspiring surgical trainees to obtain a national training number and progress to consultancy. In the 2020 recruitment year, face-to-face interviews were not possible owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlighted wide ranging variability in recruitment processes for different surgical specialties.

Methods

Person specification details and portfolio scoring matrices were accessed through the Oriel recruitment portal. These were analysed and broken down into common domains for comparison purposes by two authors. Overall scores were totalled. Each domain was assessed in terms of its importance to each specialty by calculating its percentage contribution to overall portfolio marks.

Results

There was variability in all aspects of portfolio assessment and scoring. This started with how many overall ranking marks were contributed by the portfolio to each specialty. Further analysis and comparison of scoring domains demonstrated heterogeneity in how each specialty assesses and awards candidates marks based on achievements. Large emphasis is placed on certain domains by some specialties but not others.

Conclusions

The degree of variation in ST3 portfolio assessment and the differences between surgical specialties in how the scoring domains are valued has implications for core surgical trainees and those looking to apply for higher surgical training at ST3 level. Currently, core surgical trainees are assessed using a common process of annual review of competence progression that may not be suited to helping prepare candidates for gaining a national training number. There is no available evidence to account for variability between surgical specialty recruitment processes. Further work is needed to assess whether ST3 selection scoring variation has any impact on trainee progression to higher surgical training.
The gauntlet is thrown: diversity and belonging at the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: Marson Lorna
Published: February 2022

We must challenge the status quo and lead by example.
A cross-sectional study examining associations between foundation school and MRCS performance
Authors: Ellis R , Brennan PA , Scrimgeour DSG , Lee AJ , Cleland J
Published: February 2022

Background

Reports of surgical training and experiences vary across the 16 UK foundation schools. Little is known about whether foundation school choice is associated with later performance in surgical training. We investigated choice of school in relation to performance in the MRCS Part A.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort study of foundation programme trainees who attempted MRCS Part A between 2017 and 2020 (n = 553). Chi-square tests examined associations between foundation programme school and first–attempt MRCS Part A performance. Multinomial regression models identified the likelihood of MRCS part A success depending on foundation school.

Results

A statistically significant association was found between MRCS Part A first attempt pass rates and foundation school (P < 0.001). Mean Part A pass rates ranged from 23.8% to 81.8% between schools. Two foundation schools – Thames Valley and North, Central and East London – were found to be independent predictors of success at MRCS Part A at first attempt after adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between MRCS Part A performance and subjective reports of training quality (the National Training Survey training satisfaction scores; P = 0.256).

Conclusions

MRCS success is associated with foundation school but not subjective reports of training quality. Given that more competitive foundation schools attract the highest-achieving applicants, Occam's razor suggests this pattern is most likely due to individual differences such as innate academic ability rather than foundation school training experiences.
The Surgical Skills competition
Authors: Ford Kat , Cooper Lilli
Published: February 2022

RCS England hosted this year's final at the new clinical skills centre in our recently reburbished flagship headquarters. Which of this year's finalists will make the cut?
Can MRCS exam performance predict surgical specialty destination?
Authors: Ellis R , Cleland J , Lee AJ , Scrimgeour DSG , Brennan PA
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION

Successful completion of the MRCS examination is mandatory for surgical trainees in the UK. The MRCS is attempted early in surgical training, before applying for competitive entry to specialty training posts. The aim of this study was to establish whether MRCS performance can predict future surgical specialty destination and whether those who perform well at the exam enter more competitive specialties.

METHODS

UK candidates who attempted the MRCS examination between 2007 and 2020 were matched to career outcomes data using the General Medical Council database (n=2,910). Specialty competition ratios were calculated from national recruitment between 2017 and 2019. Chi-squared tests determined associations with first-attempt MRCS performance. Multinomial regression models were developed to establish whether MRCS results can predict surgical specialty destination.

RESULTS

There was a statistically significant association between MRCS Part A first-attempt pass rates and training specialty (p=0.001) but not for Part B (p=0.655). Candidates who passed Part A at the first attempt were more likely to enter neurosurgical training (odds ratio [OR]: 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.61), cardiothoracic training (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.30–3.90), plastic surgery training (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20–2.56), paediatric surgery training (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.10–3.67) and general surgical training (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.18–1.86) than trauma and orthopaedic training. MRCS Part B performance was not an independent predictor of surgical specialty.

CONCLUSIONS

Trainees who perform well at MRCS Part A are more likely to enter more competitive specialties. Further work is required to investigate the relationships between this finding, specialty application and selection patterns, and what surgical trainees value in their career decision making.
The COVID-19 effect on training opportunities, mental health and wellbeing of postgraduate trainees in Wales
Authors: Mylonas Petros , Barratt Olivia , Siew Chin Jann
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, routine dental care in Wales stopped with only urgent dental care being provided. Postgraduate trainees (dental core trainees [DCTs] and dental specialty registrars [StRs]) in Wales experienced disruption to their training as a result. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the pandemic on DCTs and StRs in Wales in terms of trainee learning, development, mental health and wellbeing.

METHODS

Postgraduate trainees (66 DCTs, 26 StRs) across Wales were invited to complete a survey exploring their experiences during the pandemic. Results were analysed and compared quantitatively and qualitatively.

RESULTS

Of the 92 postgraduate trainees contacted, 44 responded, yielding a 48% total response rate. Nineteen DCTs (76%) and seventeen StRs (90%) stated that the pandemic had caused a negative impact on their mental health. Eleven DCTs (44% DCTs) and nine StRs (32%) were redeployed to different clinical roles. Twenty-one DCTs (84%) and fourteen StRs (74%) felt concerned about the effects on training/careers, with around three-quarters (76% DCTs, 74% StRs) believing the impact was negative. Twenty-two DCTs (88%) and fifteen StRs (79%) performed fewer clinical procedures while twenty DCTs (80%) and sixteen StRs (84%) had educational events cancelled.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on postgraduate trainees in Wales owing to reduced clinical training and redeployment. Despite this, different experiences/skills were gained such as improved leadership skills. DCTs and StRs feel that extending their training, increasing departmental teaching and carrying over the annual study budget to the next year would be beneficial.
Height measurement of microbumps using a white-light triangulation method
Authors: Meng Fanchang , Zhang Zili , Kang Yanhui , Li Yao , Wang Peng , Cui Chengjun , Wang Shan , Zhou Weihu
Published: February 2022

As the electronic interconnection between chips, microbumps are crucial components in advanced packaging for the demand of better performance and higher packaging density. The height and coplanarity of microbumps are critical to ensure the reliability of connections. The poor uniformity in bump height will lead to disconnect or insufficient contact, which will directly result in the failure of the chip’s function and a lower yield rate. In this paper, we proposed a height measurement method of microbumps using white-light triangulation combined with geometrical characteristics of bumps. A linear light projection module composed of a lens group and LED light source was set up as well as a high-quality imaging module consisting of a CCD camera and microscope objective group. The projection and imaging model of microbumps illuminated by the light plane at different positions during the scanning process was analyzed. The microbump height is computed from a simple formula based on the geometry of the specimen and the system configuration. The measurement results are compared with that obtained from a commercial optical profiler, and the measurement uncertainty is analyzed in detail.