bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Lifetime of Variable Displacement Vane Pump with Aluminium Body
Authors: Devecili Ahmet Oktay , Yakut Rifat , Tombak Alper
Published: December 2022

In this study, anodic oxidation method is applied to a flow-regulating valve and valve seat of the variable displacement vane pump with an aluminium body, which is used commonly in commercial vehicle steering systems. Then the lifetime of the pump is tested in a contaminated hydraulic fluid. After the lifetime tests, surfaces of the coatings are characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The thickness of the coating after the process is measured between 30 and 40 microns, and the hardness of the coating is between 360 and 440 Hv. This experiment proved that the resistance of the valve seat increased by between 30 and 40% after the coating process.
The C: N Ratio of the Analyzed of Bottom Sediments of the Barlinek Lake (Spring, Summer and Autumn of 2008)
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

The results of analysis of bottom sediments from Barlinek Lake. The C:N ratio of the analyzed sediments is 13-19 which indicates a rather equal participation of higher plant and lower plant residues in the sediments
Fabrication and Characterization of ZnFe2O4 Thin Film Based Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Capacitors
Authors: Vishwas M. , Narasimha Rao K. , Raichur Ashok M.
Published: December 2022

Thin films of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) were deposited on glass, quartz and p-silicon (100) substrates by the sol-gel method. The structural properties of the films were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD data show the film having a spinel structure and the crystalline phase exists after annealing at 500°C for 2 h in air. The SEM and AFM images show the nanocrystalline nature of the films. The optical transmittance decreased with increase of annealing temperature. The optical band gap energy was estimated at different annealing temperatures and found to be 2.71 eV after annealing at 400°C. The metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors were fabricated using ZnFe2O4 films on p-silicon (100) substrates. The capacitance-voltage (C-V), dissipation-voltage (D-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were studied. The dependence of dielectric constant on annealing temperature and signal frequency was analyzed. The variation of current density and resistivity of the ZnFe2O4 films with annealing temperature was also explored.
Assessment of Ground Water Quality in Various Parts of Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu (India)
Authors: Mani Dr. N. , Kannan D.
Published: December 2022

The present study is assess the quality of ground water from Thanjavur district, and check its fitness for drinking eight samples of ground water were collected from Thanjavur district. The pH was estimated by pH meter, calcium, magnesium, chloride were analyzed by titration method sulphade, iron, nitrate, nitrite, chromium were estimated by spectrometric method, total dissolved solids of the water samples was determined by gravimetrically, colour of the water samples was determined by platinum-cobalt method ,taste of the water samples can determine by taste rating method, turbidity of the water samples was determine by Nephelometric method etc., are determine for some parts of Thanjavur district water samples compared with standard limits recommended by BIS. Comparative study of groundwater for this region can be used for the quality of water is more suitable for drinking purpose.
Parameterization of Cherenkov Light Lateral Distribution Function as a Function of the Zenith Angle around the Knee Region
Authors: Abdulsttar Marwah M. , Al-Rubaiee A.A. , Ali Abdul Halim K.
Published: December 2022

Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (CLLDF) simulation was fullfiled using CORSIKA code for configurations of Tunka EAS array for different zenith angles. The parameterization of the CLLDF was carried out as a function of the destance from tehe shower core in extensive air showers (EAS) and zenith angle on the basis of the CORSIKA simulation for primary proton around the knee region with the energy 3.1015 eV at different zenith angles. The parametrized CLLDF is verified in comparison with the simulation that performed using CORSIKA code for two zenith angles.
The Imilchil Meteorite Strewn Field and Isli-Agoudal Craters
Authors: Nachit Hassane , Ibhi Abderrahmane , Vaccaro Carmela
Published: December 2022

New meteorite prospections at different places in the region of Imilchil showed that (1) besides the Ataxite of Tasraft all the other collected specimens belong to the same and only IIAB iron mother meteorite (2) the strewn field of the meteorite has a length of about 38 km into north-south direction (3) the small crater of Agoudal as well as the impact crater of Isli are situated on a parallel north-south axis, if not put together with the strewn field of the Imilchil meteorite (4) these two structures might be the result of the fall of the same and only mother meteorite of the IIAB type.
Discrepancies between Predicted and Observed Intergalactic Magnetic Field Strengths from the Universe’s Total Energy: Is it Contained within Submatter Spatial Geometry?
Authors: Persinger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

Although the gravitational energy within the distance of the radius of a singularity for a current estimated mass of the universe is equal to ~1069 Joules, congruent solutions for different ages of the universe reflect changes by a factor of π or 8π for identities. The total energy value is equal to the product of primary constants G·μ·ε·ħ·σ·c2 (which results in power, W) when divided by the area of smallest unit of space (area of a circle with a radius of Planck’s Length) and then multiplied by the universe’s current surface area and age. The conspicuous discrepancies of ~2∙103 between the predicted average magnetic intensity within the universe from that total energy and contemporary measurements can be accommodated by the quantitative product of 21.3π4 derived from the classic four-dimensional metric. The equivalent electric field potential divided by the predicted magnetic intensity results in a velocity that has been suggested to reflect the latency for excess correlations to occur across the universe. The most parsimonious explanation for these results is that a large component of the magnetic manifestation of energy in the universe is recondite or occluded within its submatter spatial structure and that the required cohesion or “diffusivity” throughout the volume involves the electric field component. These quantifications may facilitate understanding of Mach’s principle that any part of the universe is influenced by all of its parts.
Preparation of Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Jackfruit PPI-1 Waste and Development of Different Surface Functional Groups
Authors: Nagalakshmi T.V. , Emmanuel K.A. , Suresh Babu Ch. , Chakrapani Ch. , Divakar P. Paul
Published: December 2022

Jackfruit PPI-1 variety was selected as source of lignocellulose material. Its rind and pulp waste was used as precursor for preparation of activated carbon. K2CO3 was selected as activating agent to prepare activated carbon. Various carbons were prepared by changing the impregnation ratio (IR) at different temperatures. Activated carbon prepared at 600°C and at IR1 had good BET surface area (987m2 g-1) and yield (61.97%). In order to introduce different functional groups, this carbon was divided into two parts. One part was subjected to liquid phase oxidation with 0.1N HNO3 and the other part was soaked in 0.1N KOH for 3hours. SEM, FTIR, TPD, XRD and TGA analyses were done to identify surface morphological changes, nature of functional groups and thermal stability of activated carbons.
An Analysis of Eruption of the Sun Detected by Solar Radio Burst Type I
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Arifin S. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

Type I solar burst were identified based on data recorded by CALLISTO BLEIN, Switzerland in the period of 17th of January, 2011. Solar Radio Burst Type I is one of the main type of solar burst which is believed to provide a diagnostic of electron acceleration in the corona. This noise storm burst is associated with emerging and growing active regions and last from hours to days. It can be observed that solar radio burst type I is formed within four minutes, although the number of sunspots is just 15. The results of the recent time indicate that Sunspot group 1147 has been mostly quiet since it rounded the eastern limb, but previous week's far side activity shows it is capable of significant eruptions. In 2011, only one day has been detected with spotless day, which means that it is about 7% of overall cases. Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm. From the current conditions in the space weather website on 16th January 2011 that is the first event was shown that the solar wind occurred with a speed of 433.2 km/second while its density about 3.2 protons/cm3. Besides the solar wind, X-ray solar flare with 6 hours maximum: B1 at 1846 UT and 24 hours: B2 at 1544 UT were detected. While type I seem to be an indicator of pre-solar flare and CMEs, on the observational analysis, we could not directly confirmed that this is the only possibility, and we need to consider other processes to explain in detailed the injection, energy loss and the mechanism of the acceleration of the particles. We could conclude one active region will not produce a huge explosion of solar phenomena.
Inhibition of Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy AA8011 in Alkaline Medium Using Palisota hirsute Extract
Authors: Nnanna Lebe A. , Uchendu Kings O. , Ikwuagwu Glory , John Wisdom O. , Ihekoronye Uche
Published: December 2022

Gravimetric technique was used to study the inhibition of aluminium alloy AA8011 in an alkaline medium using an eco-friendly inhibitor,Palisota hirsute. The study revealed that the extract reduced the corrosion rate of aluminium AA8011 from 0.407 mm/yr to as low as 0.106 mm/yr in 0.25 M KOH after being exposed for five hours. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase as the concentration of the plant extract in the medium increased. The adsorption studies, computed from the experimental data revealed Langmuir isotherm as the best model for the isotherm (r2=0.999) on the mild steel surface. Gibb’s free energy of adsorption was also calculated and gotten to be 15.61 kJmol-1, suggesting that inhibitor molecules have been spontaneously adsorbed onto the aluminum surface through physical adsorption mechanism.
Investigation of Click Reaction at an Oil-Water Interface Using Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Polymers
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Md , Kai Shu Hei , Kunitake Masashi
Published: December 2022

Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen click reactions between lipophilic polymer (tri-arm azidofunctionalized polystyrene) and hydrophilic polymer (copolymer of styrene sulfonate sodium and propargyl methacrylate) were investigated and hollow capsules, consisting of composite polymer nanofilms were obtained in chloroform-water biphasic solution. Since the lipophilic polymer, or hydrophilic polymer and copper catalyst were present in the oil or aqueous phase, respectively, the cross-linking reaction proceeded only at the phase interface. The combination of lipophilic and hydrophilic polymers produced hollow capsules consisting of nanofilms with lipophilic core and hydrophilic shell.
Potable Water Defluoridation by Lowcost Adsorbents from Mimosideae Family Fruit Carbons: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kishore Medikondu
Published: December 2022

Fluoride present in the form of minerals, which dissolves in ground water and contaminates it. This paper deals with the mimosideae family fruit carbons are used for the removal of fluoride by the process of adsorption. The activated carbon was prepared by carbonisation of Enterolobium saman fruit carbon (ESC) and Prosofis juliflora fruit carbon (PJC) in muffle furnace and treated with 2.5 x 10-1M nitric acid and thermally activated in air oven. The activated carbon was characterized and chemical analysis was done by X-ray fluorescence. Batch experiments were carried out to establish the various parameters. The adsorption was examined by studying the impact of various parameters such as 1) initial concentration (1–7mg/L). Maximum (76 - 82%) removal fluoride concentration up to 5mg/L after this the removal percentage was low. 2) pH (5-9) higher removal percentages in neutral media. 3) Dose (1-7mg/L). After 4mg/L removal adsorption capacity was very low 4) time (10 min – 90 min). Maximum adsorption was observed between 40-60min. and 5) Particle size (45μ-150μ) 45μ sized carbon shows higher adsorption capacity (90.8 %, 80.2% for ESC and PJC). Recycling studies and regeneration of the fluoride loaded carbons were performed with 1.0 x 10-1 NaOH mol/l (72%), Na2CO3, KOH and 1.0 x 10-2 H2SO4 mol/l solutions (68-58%). Adsorption data fits well to Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherms and sorption kinetics Natarajan & Khalaf, intra particle diffusion model follows first order nature of adsorption. All experimental results were compared with the studies of commercial activated carbon (CAC) and comparative results indicate ESC and PJC shows 3 to 4 times higher adsorption capacity than CAC.
Morphology Control of Pseudobrookite-Type MgTi2O5 Powders by LiF Doping
Authors: Nakagoshi Yuta , Suzuki Yoshikazu
Published: December 2022

Well-controlled fine MgTi2O5 powders, with pseudobrookite-type structure, are desired toward various industrial applications, however, commercial powders are hardly available to date. In this study, we focused the processing and characterization of well-controlled MgTi2O5 powders with/without LiF additive. MgCO3 (basic) and TiO2 anatase powders with/without 0.5 wt. % LiF additive were calcined in air at 1100 °C for 2 h to obtain the MgTi2O5 powders. SEM observation revealed that the non-doped MgTi2O5 powder consisted of equiaxed particles with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 μm, whereas, the LiF-doped MgTi2O5 powder consisted of elongated particles with the length of ~ 5-10 μm and the diameter of ~1.0-1.5 μm. The smooth surface of elongated MgTi2O5 particles demonstrates the effect of LiF doping as a flux, i.e., liquid phase formation during the reaction.
Spray Pyrolysis Deposition and Effect of Annealing Temperature on Optical Properties of Cu:NiO Film
Authors: Abass Khalid Haneen
Published: December 2022

Spray pyrolysis method that used to prepare Cu:NiO thin films onto glass substrate with various annealing temperature. Spectral transmittance of prepared thin films determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the range of (380-900) nm. The transmittance decreased with increasing annealing temperature. While the absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient increased with increasing annealing temperature. Energy gap decreased from 2.9 eV before annealing to 2.78 eV after 500 °C annealing temperature.
Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Behavior of Extract of Funtumia elastica on Mild Steel in Acidic Solution
Authors: Adindu Chinonso Blessing , Oguzie Emeka Emmanuel , Chidiebere Maduabuchi Arinzechukwu
Published: December 2022

The corrosion and adsorption behavior of leaf extract of Funtumiaelastica (FE) on mild steel corrosion was studied in 1 M HCl using gravimetric ,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy methods, Quantum chemical calculations were performed to theoretically correlate the inhibition performance of the inhibitor with its electronic structural parameters. The gravimetric experiment revealed that the extract effectively inhibited the corrosion of mild steel even at a prolonged exposure time. The impedance and polarization results revealed that the extract inhibited both the cathodic and anodic partial reactions via the adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal/solution interface. The FTIR results revealed FE as an adsorption inhibitor. The calculated quantum chemical parameters associated with the molecular structure of FE confirmed its inhibiting efficacy.
A New Approach to the Non Relativistic Schrödinger Equation for an Energy-Depended Potential V(r,En,l)=V0(1+ηEn,l)r2 in both Noncommutative Three Dimensional Spaces and Phases
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: December 2022

In present work we study the 3-dimensional non relativistic and noncommutative space-phase Schrödinger equation for modified potential (see formula in paper) depends on energy and quadratic on the relative distance, we have obtained the exact modified bound-states solutions. It has been observed that, the energy spectra in ordinary quantum mechanics was changed, and replaced by degenerate new states, depending on new discreet quantum numbers:n, l, j and s=±1/2 . We show the noncommutative new anisotropic Hamiltonian containing two new important terms, the first new term describe the spin-orbit interaction while the second describes the modified Zeeman effect.
Effect of Filler-Filler Interactions on Mechanical Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Based Hybrid Composites
Authors: Basavaraj Pattanashetty Bharath , Bheemappa Suresha , Rajashekaraiah Hemanth
Published: December 2022

Mechanical properties of phenol formaldehyde (PF) based hybrid composites reinforced with molybdenum disulphide (molykote; MC), copper (Cu), graphite (Gr) and antimony (Aty) particles in micron size, having different shape and aspect ratio, are studied. Incorporation of MC, Cu and Gr enhanced the hardness, compression and flexural properties of PF based hybrid composites. A slight decrease in density was observed in MC + Gr (A5) reinforced PF based hybrid composites, making these composites suitable in weight susceptible applications. The investigations showed that the control sample A1 without MC/Cu/Gr/antimony (control sample) exhibited poorer mechanical properties. Addition of Cu, MC and Gr to the control sample resulted in moderate improvement in the mechanical properties. However, hybridization of the control sample with Gr + Aty (A6) showed lower mechanical properties compared to that of composites filled with MC and Gr (A4 and A2) respectively. This decrease was ascribed to the tendency of non-uniform dispersion, deprived bonding of Aty particles as well as poor filler-matrix adhesion. When Aty was replaced with Gr + MC (Sample A5), filler-filler with matrix interaction appears to be increased, resulting in increased strength and modulus. The developed PF based hybrid composites have exhibited improved mechanical properties and these composites with detailed thermal and tribo-studies may be recommended for railway braking applications.
Synthesis of Novel 2-Mercapto-4-(p-Aminophenyl Sulphonylamino)-6-(Aryl)-Pyrimidine-5-Carboxamide Derivatives via the Biginelli Reaction
Authors: Bhuva Nayan H. , Gothalia Vrajlal K. , Singala Pankaj M. , Talpara Pratik K. , Faldu Viral J. , Shah Viresh H.
Published: December 2022

Series of 2-mercapto-4-(p-aminophenylsulphonylamino)-6-(aryl)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Aa-h were synthesized via the biginelli condensation. 2-mercapto-4-amino-6-(aryl)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide react with p-acetamidophenylsulphonylchloride in the presence of pyridine 2 to form 2-mercapto-4-(p-acetamidophenylsulphonylamino)-6-(aryl)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 3. It was treated with diluted HCl under reflux afforded 2-mercapto-4-(p-aminophenylsulphonylamino)-6-(aryl)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Aa-h.. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared (IR), 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic investigation.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Sucrose by N-Bromonicotinamide NBN
Authors: Pushpalatha L.
Published: December 2022

Kinetics study of oxidation of sucrose, by aqueous alkaline solution of N-Bromonicotinamide (NBN) has been carried out in the temperature range 308-323K.The reaction exhibits first order in [NaOH] and [Sucrose] and zero order about oxidant. Addition of nicotinamide (NA) has no effect. Increase in ionic strength of the medium does not change the rate. Effect of temperature on the rate of oxidation has been followed to show the validity of Arrehenius equation and various activation parameters have been computed. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1. 1,2-enediol is found to be the reactive intermediate. Arabinonic acid, glycolic acid and formic acid are the products of oxidation.
Two Step One-Pot Synthesis of Novel 5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-Beno[e][1,4]Diazepin-2(3H)-One and it’s Base Catalyzed Transformation to N-Alkyl and C-3 Arylidene Derivatives
Authors: Patel Anil S. , Khunt Hasmukh R. , Ghelani Satish M. , Babariya Jayesh S. , Vilapara Kalpesh V. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: December 2022

We have demonstrated two step one-pot synthesis of novel 5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-Beno[e][1,4]Diazepin-2(3H)-one using 2-Amino-4’-fluorobenzophenone as initial stating material. The small library of N-alkylation and C-3 benzylidene derivatives have been synthesized by base catalyzedreaction of 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (3) nucleus with various alkyl halides and aromatic aldehydes respectively.
Effect of Aqueous Solution Molarity on the Structural and Electrical Properties of Spray Pyrolysed Lead Sulfide (PbS) Thin Films
Authors: Faraj Mohammad Ghaffar
Published: December 2022

Lead sulfide (PbS) thin films of different molarities (0.05 M, 0.075 M and 0.1 M) were prepared on glass substrates at 325 °C by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the proper phase formation of the PbS. The X-ray diffraction patterns’ results reveal that the all of PbS films have a face centered cubic structure with preferential reflection of (200) plane. The crystallite grain size was calculated using Scherrer formula and it is found that the 0.1M has maximum crystallite grain size (37.4 nm). Depending on the molarity, Hall measurement showed that the electrical resistivity and mobility at room temperature varied in the range 6.3x103Ω.cm to 2.1x103Ω.cm and 4.79cm2/V.S to 24.3 cm2/V.S.
Development of Sansevieria trifasciata - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: Raghava Krishna Sameer B. , Kumar M. Ashok , Murthy V. Nikill , Karthikeyan N.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents studies on experimental values of tensile strength properties of hybrid nanocomposites were studied and compared with theoretical values. It was observed that, experimental strengths were fallen shorter than the theoretical values. Nanocomposites were fabricated by filling MMT nanoclay by weight ratio and reinforced with short sansevieria trifasciata (STF) and short carbon fibre (CF) by randomly orientation. Organically modified montmorillonite clay filled with different proportions viz.0, 1, 3 and 5 wt.% dispersed into the vinyester matrix modified system by hand lay-up technique. Natural fiber was treated by NaOH solution was brought significant performance. Tensile strength was found maximum when clay content was Clay 3wt%. In the fracture surfaces of samples were analysed by SEM analysis, in which it was observed that, increased clay viscosity played vital role in bringing the performance as the viscosity of the mixture made difficult to flow the resin. Thermal stability was significantly improved for the 5wt% sample due to the high content of silicate particles and carbon fibre content.
Mesomorphism Dependence on Cis-Trans Configuration and Varying Terminal/Lateral Group
Authors: Bhola G.N. , Bhoya Umed C.
Published: December 2022

A chalconyl trans vinyl ester homologous series of thermotropic liquid crystals RO-C6H4-CH=CH-COO-C6H4-CH=CH-CO-C6H3 (OCH3)2 meta-para is synthesized and studied with a view to understand and establish the relation between molecular structure and mesomorphism or mesomorphic behaviors. Novel homologous series consists of thirteen homologues (C1 to C18). First five (C1 to C5) homologues are nonmesogenic. Rest of the homologues (C6 to C18) homologues is mesogenic. Monotropically smectogenic character appears from C6 to C10 homologue and C12 to C18 homologues are enantiotropically smectogenic. Nematogenic property is totally absent throughout a series. Textures of smectic phase are of the type smectic A or C. Transition curves of a phase diagram behaved in normal manner. Analytical, spectral and thermal data supports the molecular structures of homologues. Odd-even effect is observed for Sm-I/I-Sm transition curve. Thermal stability for smectic is 93.7 °C and the mesomorphic phase lengths from enantiotropic homologues for smectic from minimum to maximum is 6.0 °C to 28.0 °C at the C12 and C18 homologue respectively. Series is smectogenic without exhibition of nematic property. The group efficiency order on the basis of thermal stability is derived; from comparative study of present series and analogous series.
Influence of Fe3+ Ion Substitution on Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Hunagund Shirajahammad M. , Chavan Pradeep , Desai Vani R. , Naik L.R. , Kadadevarmath Jagadish S. , Sidarai Ashok H.
Published: December 2022

Thermal and dielectric characteristics of Fe2O3 doped TiO2 (FDT) nanopowder is investigated. Formation of FDT was prepared using the formula [1-x] TiO2 + [x] Fe2O3 by solid state reaction method. The Surface morphology was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique; it reveals the average particle size in the range of 180 to 200nm. FT-IR analysis reveals weak transmittance bands between 1020 to 1650 cm-1 and 2800 to 3500 cm-1 which shows a gradual decrease in peak intensities with an increase of Fe concentration. Thermal stability was assessed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results of TGA Profiles indicate that all FDT nanopowder was found to be thermally stable between 400 °C to 600 °C. The dielectric behavior of the said composite has been investigated as a function of frequency (20 Hz - 1 MHz) at room temperature and it is observed that the dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency indicating dispersion behavior.
A Facile Electrochemical Analysis to Determine Antioxidant Activity of Bee Pollen
Authors: Rebiai Abdelkrim , Lanez Touhami
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant properties of tow samples of bee pollen harvested from Algeria. The content of total polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by the cyclic voltammetry method were determined. The contents of polyphenolic compounds was 22.68 mg/g for the pollen from Blida and 21,9 mg/g for Tipaza pollen. High antioxidant activities were found for the cyclic voltammetry method, with values that ranged from 22,3 to 27,63 mg of AAE·g–1 pollen. The bee pollen of Blida showed high antioxidant activity probably due to the high content of polyphenolic compounds present in pollen.
Quantitative Support for Borowski’s Theory of Gravitation
Authors: Persinger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

The Borowski Theory of Gravitation (BTG) indicates that movements of mass such as planets through space are determined by differential pressures from dark matter. One of the consequences of the final epoch is that there would be no matter but only distance. Quantitative solutions indicate that the tensor to set universal average dark matter pressure equal to G, the gravitational constant, would require that the terminal length would be ~2.2∙1069 m or effectively identical to current estimates of energy equivalence of the universal mass. For the earth’s orbit the force from the dark pressure is the same order of magnitude as the force associated with the product of the planet’s mass and background free oscillations whose origins are still ambiguous. The convergences of solutions suggest that the BTG may reveal alternative interpretations and mechanisms for the role of gravitation in planetary motion.
Measurements of Radon Concentrations and Dose Assessments in Physics Department-Science College-Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Al-Alawy Iman Tarik , Fadhil Haider Rayed
Published: December 2022

Measurements of radon gas concentrations with their progeny and the annual effective dose indoor the building of Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Science-Physics Department have been carried out by using time-integrated passive radon dosimeters solid state nuclear track detector CR-39 technique. The detectors with 1cm x1cm have been distributed over 70 places and suspended for sitting (1m) and standing (1.75m) positions in each location under study. The dosimetric measurements are made over a period of 90 days from 30 January 2014 to 30 April 2014. The calibration process has been done using radium-226 source with known activity radiation. It has found that the indoor radon gas concentrations varing from 37.488±6.123Bg/m3 to 58.670±7.660Bg/m3 with an average value 51.398±7.156Bg/m3 at 1m , and varing from 35.964±5.997Bg/m3 to 56.994±7.549Bg/m3 with an average value 47.057±6.847Bg/m3 at 1.75m which are within the worldwide limits 148Bg/m3 (EPA, 2003) and 200-300Bg/m3 (ICRP, 2009). The annual effective dose of the inhalation exposure to radon gas has been estimated and this vary from 0.394mSv/y to 0.617mSv/y with an average value 0.540mSv/y at 1m, and varing from 0.378mSv/y to 0.599mSv/y with an average value 0.495mSv/y at 1.75m which are within the worldwide permissible limist 3-10mSv/y (ICRP, 1993). The potential alpha energy concentration found to vary from 4.053mWL to 6.343mWL with an average value 5.557mWL at 1m and vary from 3.888mWL to 6.162mWL with an average value 5.087mWL at 1.75m which are less than the recommended value 53.33mWL (UNSCEAR, 1993). The lung cancer cases per million person per year vary from 7.093 to 11.101 per million person per year with an average value 9.725 per million person per year at 1m and vary from 6.805 to 10.784 per million person per year with an average value 8.904 per million person per year which are less than the recommended range 170-230 per million person per year (ICRP, 1993). The number of decays per-minute using swabs measurements technique have been used for selected units within two swabs from building materials walls for each unite, with area of 100cm2 using Ludlum 3030, the average of three swabs measurements have been calculated. Hence, the effectiveness of emitted alpha particles from the walls has been calculated to be varied from 0.00000 to 0.02222Bq/cm2 with an average value 0.01169Bq/cm2 at 1m and 0.01015Bq/cm2 at 1.75m respectevily which are within the permissible limit 0.04Bq/cm2 (Danial, 2010).
Generalised Sum Construction of Automorphic Bibds and their Applications in Experimental Designs and Technology
Authors: Duggal G.S. , Okelo N.B.
Published: December 2022

We give more constructions equivalent to “sum construction “, of BIBDs where BIBD is added to a BIBD that is automorphic to it is presented. Moreover we present their applications in technology
The Propagation of an Impulsive Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) due to the High Solar Flares and Moreton Waves
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

This paper provides a short review of some of the basic concepts related to the origin of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The numerous ideas which have been put forward to elucidate the initiation of CMEs are categorized in terms of whether this event is a gradual CME or impulsive CME. In this case, an earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) was observed on April 2, 2014 by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2. This recent observations obtained a large impulsive CMEs. The CME, originating from the active region AR2027. The speed of CMEs is 1600 kms-1. A halo CME, a bright expanding ring at the North- West region is exploded beginning at about 14:36 UT, and the process of departing, expansion and propagation are highlighted. We discuss the correspondence of this event with the structure of the CME in the LASCO data. It is believed that the high solar flare and a Moreton waves initiate this kind of CMEs
Development of Method for Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Fe(III) with 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene Carboxaldehyde Phenyl Hydrazone as an Analytical Reagent
Authors: Sonawane Ratnamala P. , Lokhande R.S. , Chavan Utkarsha M.
Published: December 2022

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Fe(III) using 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene carboxaldehyde phenyl hydrazone as an extractive reagent. The reagent forms a coloured complex, which has been quantitatively extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 6. The method obeys Beer’s law over arrange from 1 to 7 ppm. The Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 0.31 × 104 L mol-1cm-1 and 0.13 μg cm-2 respectively. The proposed method is very sensitive and selective. The method has been successfully applied to synthetic and commercial samples.
Thermodynamics of Ion-Exchange Reaction in Predicting the Ionic Selectivity of Auchlite ARA-9366 and Auchlite A-378 Anion Exchange Resins
Authors: Singare P.U. , Patange A.N.
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with predicting the iodide ion selectivity of nuclear and non-nuclear grade anion exchange resins. The ionic selectivity prediction was made on the basis of thermodynamic data of Clˉ/I ˉ ion exchange reaction. It was observed that with rise in temperature from 30.0°C to 45.0 °C, the equilibrium constant (K) values were observed to decreases from 59.77x10-2 to 23.77x10-2 for Auchlite ARA-9366 resins and from 9.01x10-2 to 4.05x10-2 for Auchlite A-378 resins. The decrease in K values with rise in temperature, indicate exothermic ion exchange reactions having enthalpy values of -47.87 and -39.51 kJ/mol respectively. The high K and low enthalpy values obtained for Auchlite ARA-9366 resins indicate their greater selectivity for the iodide ions in the solution as compared to Auchlite A-378 resins, when both the resins are present in chloride form.
Protecting Mild Steel from Acid Corrosion Using Extract from Ocimum gratissimum Leaves
Authors: Adindu Chinonso Blessing , Chidiebere Maduabuchi Arinzechukwu , Ibe Francis Chizoruo , Ogukwe Cynthia E. , Oguzie Emmanuel Emeka
Published: December 2022

The anti-corrosion properties of the ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaves on the corrosion of mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 was studied using gravimetric, electrochemical, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods of corrosion monitoring. The gravimetric results revealed that the inhibitor maintained good inhibition efficiency even at 120 hours of immersion. The electrochemical results showed that OG extract functioned as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4, inhibiting both the anodic and cathodic partial reactions via adsorption of the extract constituents on the metal/solution interface. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and surface examination results confirmed the adsorption of the extract, organic constituents on the mild steel surface. The results showed that OG ethanol extract functioned as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in both 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions.
Kinetics, Dynamics and Energy of Solid on the Example of a Tool Fixed Flexibly: Part 3 – Energy
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

This work is a continuation of the problems of kinetics and dynamics of solid on the example of a tool fixed flexibly under cutting. Present work is concerned on the development of work and energy. A special attention has been paid to the work description by underlying a distinctness and lack of connection with the energy notion. Polarization of these two magnitudes has been revealed. An adequate and extended definition of energy in general, with mechanical energy in particular, is formulated. There are three kinds of mechanical energy considered, located on the stable static potential field being one of the limits of the machining space-time. They are the following energies: repel, inertial, and gravitational. Proper measures/potentials have been assigned to these energies, treating the energy as a mental notion, having no physical meaning in contrast to the potential as the physical magnitude.
Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Agomelatine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Rupareliya Reema H. , Joshi Hitendra S.
Published: December 2022

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, sensitive and economical UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed for estimation of agomelatine from bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The λmax of agomelatine in water was found to be 233 nm. The parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness were studied according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The drug follows linearity in the concentration range 2-8μg/ml with correlation coefficient value 0.9981. The accuracy of the method was checked by recovery experiment performed at three different levels i.e., 50%, 100% and 150 %. The % recovery was found to be in the range 98.94%– 100.05%. The low values of % R.S.D. are indicative of the accuracy and reproducibility of the method. The precision of the method was studied as an intra-day, inter-day variations and repeatability. The % R.S.D. value less than 2 indicate that the method is precise. The above method was a cost-effective quality-control tool for routine analysis of agomelatine in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Type II Solar Radio Burst with a Split and Herring − Bones during a Minimum Solar Activity
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

A preliminary correlation study of the herring − bone type II with a type III solar burst of has been made. On the basis of this study and in combination with the observation in radio emission, an interpretation of the mechanism of the occurrence of this event has been proposed. The type II solar radio burst with a split and herring bone is occurring at the same time from 36 MHz till 50 MHz. We have noted that an individual type III burst also can be observed at 13:23 UT from 45-50 MHz. During that day, a stream of solar wind from a coronal hole on the Sun has disturbing Earth's magnetosphere creating a minor geomagnetic storm, G1 on the NOAA scale of G1-G5. In this case, the solar flare is not very high, but CME is responsible to form a solar radio burst type II. Overall, based on seven days observation beginning from 25th March 2013, the solar activity is considered as very low. The highest solar flare can be observed within 7 days is only a class of B8 flare. There was no CMEs event that directed to the Earth is detected. The geomagnetic field activities are also at minimum level. Although the solar flare event is at a lower stage, it is still possible to form the solar radio burst type II which is associated with CME event. From the selected event, although theoretically solar radio burst type II is associated with CMEs, there is no compelling solar radio burst type II without a flare. The only difference is the dynamic structure and the intensity and speed of both phenomena (solar flares and CMEs) which depend on the active region. Nevertheless, understanding how energy is released in solar ﬂares is one of the central questions in astrophysics. This solar radio burst type II formation is the first event that successfully detected by e-CALLISTO network in 2013.
Effect Cd Doping on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Najim J.A. , Rozaiq J.M.
Published: December 2022

ZnO thin films with Cd/Zn nominal ratios of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% and thickness of 0.7 μm were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the films have polycrystalline structures and peaks matching the hexagonal ZnO structure. Crystallite sizes ranged from about 35 nm to 87 nm. As the doping concentration increased, full width at half maximum values decreased and crystallite sizes increased. The UV-Vis spectra of the ZnO:Cd films showed high transparency in the visible region. The optical band gap of the ZnO:Cd films decreased from 3.255 eV to 3.17 eV with increasing Cd doping concentration. The transition type was direct, thereby allowing transition. The ZnO:Cd thin films were annealed at 400 °C, and annealing treatment showed improvements in the properties of the derived films.
Spectral Correlations and Antimicrobial Activities of some 1-Pyrenyl Chalcones
Authors: Arulkumaran R. , Vijayakumar S. , Sundararajan R. , Sakthinathan S.P. , Kamalakkannan D. , Suresh R. , Ranganathan K. , Rajakumar P.R. , Vanangamudi Ganesan , Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

A series of 1-pyrenyl chalcones have been synthesized by Crossed-Aldol condensation of 1-acetylpyrene and substituted benzaldehydes. The purities of these chalcones have been checked by their physical constants, UV, IR, NMR and MASS spectral data. The spectral data of these chalcones have been correlated with Hammett sigma constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituents on the spectral group frequencies have been discussed. The anti-microbial activities of these chalcones have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby method.
Energy Dependence of the Electroproduction of Low Mass Vector Mesons
Authors: Hamad Khalid M.A. , Kanaan Afraa Ammash , Bnaya Mysoon Kamil
Published: December 2022

The energy dependence of the electroproduction of low mass vector mesons has been analyzed. Two pomeron model is used assuming that the pomeron is a Regge pole. Regge amplitude for the photoproduction processes is extended to include the electroproduction. In this case the residues of the two poles are functions of the virtuality of the photon. These functions are extracted from the experimental data using the chi- square method. A reasonable fit to the data is obtained including these functions in the two pomeron model
Fluorescence Quenching of DMB by Aniline in Benzene-Acetonitrile Mixture
Authors: Sidarai Ashok H. , Desai Vani R. , Hunagund Shirajahammad M. , Basanagouda Mahantesha , Kadadevarmath Jagadish S.
Published: December 2022

The fluorescence quenching of coumarin dye namely 4-(2,6-dibromo-4-methyl-phenoxymethyl)-benzo[h]chromen-2-one [DMB] has been studied by aniline, in a different solvent mixture of benzene (BN) and acetonitrile (AN) at room temperature. The quenching is found to be appreciable and shows positive deviation from linearity in the Stern-Volmer (S-V) plots for all the solvent mixtures. The various rate parameters responsible for fluorescence quenching have been determined using a sphere of action static quenching model and finite sink approximation model. The magnitudes of these rate parameters indicate that positive deviation in the S-V plot is due to both static and dynamic quenching processes.
Adsorption Studies of Nitrate by Geo-Physical Environment (Laterite Soil) of the Study Area Bidar Urban & its Industrial Area, Karnataka State, India
Authors: Shivasharanappa  , Srinivas Padaki , Kushtagi Srinivas
Published: December 2022

In the present work, adsorption of Nitrate on Laterite soil has been studied using batch adsorption techniques. Main objectives of this study is to study the physical properties of Laterite soil, detection of Nitrate removal by adsorbent Laterite soil as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, to study sorption kinetics, and to study isothermal pattern. The results of this study showed that the Optimum contact time, Optimum dosage and Optimum pH for adsorption of Nitrate on Laterite soil reached to equilibrium after 130 minutes, with removal efficiency of 68 %, 1400 mg as optimum dosage and at optimum pH of 6. The rate of adsorption of Nitrate obeys first order rate equation. The obtained results of the batch experiments are best fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. From the experimental analysis it is concluded that Laterite soil shows good removal efficiency and hence can be used as adsorbent.
Assessment of Substituent Effects and Antimicrobial Activities of some 2ʹ,5ʹ-Dimethyl Phenyl Chalcones
Authors: Joseph S. John , Kamalakkannan D. , Arulkumaran R. , Sakthinathan S.P. , Suresh R. , Sundararajan R. , Vijayakumar S. , Ranganathan K. , Vanangamudi Ganesan , Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

Some 2ʹ,5ʹ-dimethyl phenyl chalcones have been synthesized by Crossed-Aldol condensation between 2,5-dimethyl acetophenone and various substituted benzaldehydes using catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide and ethanol. The yields of the chalcones are more than 93%. The purities of these chalcones have been checked by their physical constants, UV, IR, NMR and MASS spectral data. The spectral data of these chalcones have been correlated with Hammett sigma constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effects of substituents on the spectral group frequencies have been discussed. The anti-microbial activities of these chalcones have been evaluated using Bauer-Kirby method
The Inhibitive Effect of Gnetum africanum, Gongronema latifolium and Chromolena odaratum Extracts on Corrosion of Stainless Steel in 1 M HCl and H2SO4 Solutions
Authors: Obiukwu Osita , Opara Ignatius , Asoluka Chukwuemeka
Published: December 2022

Extract of various plants; Okazi leaf (Gnetum africanum), Utazi leaf (Gongronema latifolium) and Elizabeth leaf (Chromolena odaratum) was investigated as corrosion inhibitor of stainless steel in 1M HCL and H2SO4using conventional weight loss. Results were obtained at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were calculated. The results revealed that all the plant extract act as inhibitors in the acid environments while Elizabeth leaf (Chromolena odaratum) proved to be better corrosion inhibitor than Okazi plant (Gnetumafricanum) and Utazi plant (Gongronemalatifolium) extract as it recorded the highest inhibition efficiency of 90.95% in 1M HCL for 20 ml concentration.
Effect of Bench Hood Exhaust Usage on Indoor Air Quality in a Chemical Laboratory
Authors: Shaaban Ayman A. , Morcos Samy M. , Khalil Essam Eldin , Fouad Mahmoud A.
Published: December 2022

Indoor air quality inside chemical laboratories subjected to gaseous contaminants was investigated numerically throughout the current research using Ansys Fluent 13. The lab is 4.8 m (L) * 4.3 m (W) * 2.73 m (H). The model was built and mesh was generated using Gambit 2.2.30 yielding around 1.4 million cells. To ensure the reliability of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model validation was done against experimental data of three cases done by Jin et al. [1]. The model could simulate accurately contaminant mole fraction to the order of 10 Indoor air quality inside chemical laboratories subjected to gaseous contaminants was investigated numerically throughout the current research using Ansys Fluent 13. The lab is 4.8 m (L) * 4.3 m (W) * 2.73 m (H). The model was built and mesh was generated using Gambit 2.2.30 yielding around 1.4 million cells. To ensure the reliability of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model validation was done against experimental data of three cases done by Jin et al. [1]. The model could simulate accurately contaminant mole fraction to the order of 10.