bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALISASI PERILAKU PEMASANGAN INFUS MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMASANGAN INFUS PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Iswati Iswati
Published: December 2019

Memasang infus merupakan salah satu tindakan invasif yang harus dapat dilakukan oleh mahasiswa perawat, namun demikian tidak semua mahasiswa keperawatan memiliki kemampuan dan kompetensi  untuk melakukan tindakan tersebut.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh pelatihan pemasangan infus terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan dalam memasang infus. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pre experimental design dengan bentuk pre-post test design without control group , analisis data menggunakan uji beda T-Test untuk melihat adanya perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Populasi dalam penelitian  mahasiswa semester 4,  sampel diambil  yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan purposive sampling.Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pelatihan yang dilakukan terhadap perilaku mahasiswa dalam melakukan pemasangan infus.Mahasiswa disarankan untuk terus belajar dan dapat memanfaatkan kesempatan saat praktik dirumah sakit atau klinik agar kemampuan memasang infus dapat lebih terlatih.Dosen pembimbing harus memisahkan mahasiswa yang memiliki kemampuan kurang dan memberikan bimbingan tambahan.

Kata kunci: pelatihan, pemasangan infus, perilaku.

ABSTRACT

Giving infusion is one invasive procedure that should be performed by nursesstudents, however, not all nursing students have the ability and competence to perform those actions. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence from training infusion to knowledge, attitude and practice  in an Action to give infusion. The design study is pre experimental design with a form of pre-post test design without control group, analysis of data using different test T-Test to see the differences before and after intervention. The population in the 4th semester student research, the sample was taken that met the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Collecting data using questionnaires and observation sheet. The results of this study indicate that there are significant training performed on the behavior of the students in doing infusion.Students are advised to continue to learn and can take advantage of the opportunity when the practice in a hospital or clinic so the ability to give infusion  can be trained. The lecturer must separate the students who have less ability and provide additional guidance.

Keywords: training, infusion, behavior.

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DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN KEPATUHAN DIET PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Susanti Susanti
Published: December 2019

Kepatuhan penderita diabetes mellitus dalam penatalaksanaan penyakitnya sangat penting untuk menghindari masalah penurunan derajat kesehatan. Kendala utama pada penanganan diet diabetes mellitus adalah kejenuhan pasien dalam mengikuti terapi diet yang sangat diperlukan untuk mencapai keberhasilan. Solusi meningkatkan kepatuhan membutuhkan dukungan keluarga yang berupa dukungan emosional, dukungan penghargaan, dukungan informatif dari anggota keluarga kepada penderita. Penelitian ini mencoba membuktikan apakah ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi korelasi dengan pendekatan metode cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah penderita diabetes yang bersedia menjadi responden sebanyak 30 pasien. Variabel dependen adalah kepatuhan, variabel independen adalah dukungan keluarga. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuisioner. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah secara deskriptif, dan uji SPSS. Analisis data menggunakan software computer. Hasil uji statistik dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan pada penderita diabetes mellitus didapatkan hasil p = 0,138 dimana α > 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 diterima, yaitu secara statistik tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dukungan keluarga tidak begitu berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan penderita dalam penatalaksanan DM. Namun, faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan adalah pendidikan dan modifikasi lingkungan untuk pengedalian penyakit diabetes mellitus yang dideritanya.

Kata kunci: Dukungan keluarga, kepatuhan, Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT

Implementation of diet of diabetes mellitus sufferer is strongly influenced by the support of the family. Family support in the form of emotional support, esteem support, informative support from family members. If the family support is not there then the sufferer would not comply with diabetes mellitus in the implementation of the diet. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between family support with obedienceon sufferer of diabetes mellitus. The design used a correlation study with cross sectional approach method. Samples were diabetic sufferers who were willing to become respondents. There were 30 respondents. Analysis of data used computer software.In statistical test family support relationships with obediencein sufferer of diabetes mellitus showed p = 0,138 where α >0.05 so that it can be concluded that H0 accepted, there was no statistically significant correlation between family support with obedience in with sufferers diabetes mellitus.Individuals who have received the support of family or not, it remains a good level of obedience. Due to their understanding of instructions, beliefs, attitudes, and personality.

Keywords: Family Support, Obedience, Diabetes Mellitus

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Authors: Sunaringtyas Widyasih , Widayati Dhina
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK

Diet buteki dilakukan dengan mengatur pola makan, baik itu ukuran, porsi serta kandungan gizi dari makanan yang dikonsumsi buteki untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kecukupan ASI untuk bayi. Diet yang berbentuk nutrisi selanjutnya akan diubah menjadi nutrien melalui proses metabolisme. Tujuan penelitian ini  untuk menganalisis hubungan diet dengan kecukupan ASI pada buteki di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngadirojo Pacitan. Desain penelitian ini korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini buteki, 21 orang di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngadirojo, dengan menggunakan total sampling. Variabel independen adalah diet, sedangkan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah kecukupan ASI . Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner untuk diet dan observasi untuk kecukupan ASI. Kemudian  dianalisis menggunakan uji spearmen rank. Hasil penelitian menjukkan hampir seluruhnya (90,5%) diet buteki dalam katagori cukup, dan hampir selurunya (76,2%) kecukupan ASI dalam katagori cukup. Hasil uji statistik diketahui p-value = 0,002 pada taraf signifikan (α) = 0,05 dan r = 0,647. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan diet dengan kecukupan ASI. Hal ini menunjukan korelasi hubungan kuat dengan arah positif. Artinya jika diet cukup maka kecukupan ASI akan cukup. Sehingga diharapkan bagi buteki untuk menerapkan diet yang baik dan benar, mengikuti penyuluhan kesehatan seperti diet buteki serta pentinya ASI eksklusif.

 

Kata kunci: Buteki, Diet, Kecukupan ASI
PENGARUH PELATIHAN PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DI WILAYAH KELURAHAN PLESUNGAN
Authors: Nurlaily Ari Pebru
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKPijat bayi yang dilakukan oleh orang tua memberikan manfaat, dapat menumbuhkan rasa percaya diriorang tua, meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. Dampak positif yang ditimbulkanoleh pijat bayi umumnya bayi yang mendapat pijatan secara teratur akan lebih rileks dan tenang.Berdasarkan fenomena yang ada bahwa sebagian besar ibu tidak berani melakukan pijat bayi secaramandiri dikarenakan banyak hal terutama belum paham tentang prosedur pijat bayi dan manfaatnya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan pijat bayi terhadap tingkatperilaku ibu di Wilayah Kelurahan Plesungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre eksperimentdengan desain one group pretes-post test design. Sampel sebanyak 20 responden menggunakan totalsampling. Tehnik pengumpulan data data dilakukan dengan checklist dan lembar observasi sebelumdan setelah diberikan pelatihan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji Wilkoxon p value = 0,000(p < 0,05), dapat disimpulkan adanya pengaruh pelatihan pijat bayi terhadap perilaku ibu di wilayahkelurahan Plesungan.Kata Kunci: Pijat Bayi, Pelatihan, PerilakuABSTRACTThe baby massage which is performed by parents give some benefits such as; growing the parents’confidence, improving the growth and development. Generally, the positive effect of regular babymassage will give more relax and calm. Based on the phenomenon, most of mothers do not havecourage to conduct baby massage independently. It is caused by a problem that mothers do notunderstand the procedure of baby massage training and the benefits. The purpose of this research isto identify the effect of baby massage training on the level of mother’s behavior in Plesungan Area.This research is pre-experiment with one group pre-post test design. The samples were 20respondents who used total sampling. The data collection technique were performed by checklist andquestionaire sheet in pre and post training. The collected data were analyzed by Wilkoxon test p=0,000 (p < 0,05). It can be concluded that there is an effect of baby massage training on motherbehavior in Plesungan Area.Keywords: Baby Massage, Training, Behavior
Dans et pour la langue
Authors: Cassin Barbara , Paliotta Clémentine , Bujon Anne-Lorraine , Dujin Anne
Published: December 2019

Des sophistes au féministes, en passant par la commission Vérité et réconciliation, la philosophe et helléniste interroge les rapports entre langage, politique et construction de la démocratie.
L’usure de la langue
Authors: Joly Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Il n’y a ni langage sain, ni langue immobile : les mots besognent. Et leur réduction à une fonction – souvent marchande – désigne un temps de duplicités auquel on peut résister par clarté et distinction.
La mauvaise langue de Trump
Authors: Viennot Bérengère
Published: December 2019

Grossière, mensongère, mais surtout violente, la langue du président américain est celle de la désunion : entre les gentils (lui et ses partisans) et les méchants (la presse, les Démocrates et les immigrés).
Maîtriser l’indicible
Authors: Ventura Raffaele Alberto
Published: December 2019

Au temps du réveil des identités, l’espace public se transforme en terrain d’affrontement pour établir ce que l’on peut ou ne pas dire. Il faut pourtant remettre sur le métier la question de l’indicible pour rendre la société plus inclusive.
À voix haute
Authors: Ruty Erwan
Published: December 2019

L’avenir de la culture passe par les cultures urbaines et les différentes formes d’expressions issues des banlieues (rap, stand-up, slam, cinéma...) qui renouvellent la langue française.
La poésie ludique du rap
Authors: Bonin Maxence , Krastev-McKinnon Nicolas
Published: December 2019

Irréductible à une fonction de porte-parole d’une jeunesse en souffrance, le rap explore avec exigence et fantaisie l’équivocité du langage.
Juger ce qui est dit
Authors: Judet de La Combe Pierre , Wismann Heinz
Published: December 2019

Face aux crispations, gestionnaires ou identitaires, du langage, l’enseignement des langues doit rappeler leur dynamique historique. Au lieu de socle de compétences, l’école doit promouvoir l’éducation du jugement.
Deleuze’s left-wing approach to metaphysics
Authors: Moreira Felipe G. A.
Published: December 2019

This essay addresses Gilles Deleuze’s view on which criterion is to be adopted when dealing with disputes in metaphysics and metametaphysics, while answering on Deleuze’s behalf to the objection widely shared among analytic philosophers that he has no criterion to approach such disputes. It is argued that an alternative criterion to address disputes in metaphysics and metametaphysics can be drawn out of Deleuze’s works: namely, accordance with a left-wing practice of politicization. This practice is characterized by its champions’ tendency to privilege their power to show empathy toward others, and by their aim to bring to light the political character of apparently and/or allegedly apolitical approaches to the aforementioned disputes, such as the approaches of analytic philosophers themselves.
Derrida, la différance : une contribution à une « anthropologie phénoménologique »
Authors: Plante Maxime
Published: December 2019

Dans L’Écriture et la différence , Jacques Derrida propose l’idée que la différance constitue l’essence de la vie, proposition importante, mais énigmatique. Des commentateurs ont tenté d’éclairer cette notion décisive à partir de la problématique de la constitution du temps et du débat phénoménologique sur la temporalisation de la conscience. Pour compléter cet éclaircissement de la notion de différance, il faut déborder la problématique temporelle pour se limiter à la composante spatiale de l’espacement, ce qui permet de caractériser plus clairement en quel sens la différance peut être dite « l’essence de la vie », c’est-à-dire la condition même de l’ouverture de la vie dans sa dimension phénoménologique.
Donner l’amour. Le don et le sacrifice chez Derrida et Patočka
Authors: Evink Eddo
Published: December 2019

Dans Donner la mort , Jacques Derrida conçoit la responsabilité morale comme toujours structurée par des apories insolubles. Il présente une lecture des Essais hérétiques de Patočka, qui devrait renforcer cette analyse. On montre d’abord que la lecture de Patočka par Derrida est problématique, parce que, dans la philosophie de Patočka, la responsabilité ne repose pas sur un don de la mort, mais sur un don de l’amour. Et la conception patočkienne du sacrifice se distingue aussi des analyses derridiennes. On cherche à montrer, ensuite, comment la phénoménologie de Patočka conduit à une meilleure compréhension des notions de don, de sacrifice et de responsabilité que ne le fait la pensée de Derrida.
Critical analysis of the role of innovative capabilities on firm performance: Evidence from the University of Cape Coast administration in Ghana
Authors: Adom Alex Y. , Boateng Lydia , Gnankob Robert
Published: December 2019

Background: The increasingly competitive business environment has made it imperative for organisations to put in place systems and processes that will guarantee appreciable firm performance in the interest of its stakeholders. To this end, several solutions have been developed to ensure that desired firm outcomes are achieved despite the dynamics of competition. However, critical review of extant literature reported mixed results on the innovative capabilities of firms and their performance nexus. Therefore, this article explored the role of innovative capabilities on the performance of firms with the University of Cape Coast as a case study.Aim: This paper explored the role of innovative capabilities on the performance of firms with the evidence from the University of Cape Coast.Setting: The research was carried out in Ghana to assess innovative capabilities and performance relationship among institutions of higher learning with evidence from the University of Cape Coast.Methods: Using a descriptive research design, the study collected data from 250 administrative staff in the university of Cape Coast. The findings of the study confirmed that the administrative staffs of the University of Cape Coast have embraced innovation at different levels of operations.Results: The findings indicate that innovation in the organisation is able to promote high team spirits, risk taking, productivity, low resistance to change, competitive advantage, increase market share, increase productivity among staffs, growth and profitability of educational institutions, creates loyalty towards the institution’s services, and makes teaching and learning convenient.Conclusion: It was concluded that there have been some innovations in University of Cape Coast and so much of such innovations would make teaching and learning more convenient, lead to higher competitive advantage and market share and boosting overall performance.
Moopa or barren: A rereading of the 1840 English–Setswana gospel of Luke 1:36–38 from a Setswana traditional practice
Authors: Mothoagae Itumeleng D.
Published: December 2019

The 1840 gospel of Luke as translated by Moffat presents us with the cultural and imperial surveillance performed by a patriarchal system through the institutionalisation of motherhood and womanhood (bosadi). Motherhood or womanhood (bosadi) as a patriarchal institution has been a space in which patriarchal discursive practices have been realised through an act of politicising motherhood or womanhood. At the centre of this act of politicisation of motherhood or womanhood (bosadi) is the ability to carry and bear children (pelegi). The institution of motherhood or womanhood has facilitated a binary between motherhood (bosadi) and bareness (moopa). The womb/popelo as a symbol of fertility becomes the space of mothering women, of labelling, categorising and naming women that the system locates as moopa or barren. The article seeks to reread the narrative on childbearing in the 1840 gospel of Luke from a decolonial framework. I will argue that childbearing, as a patriarchal institution, has been a space in which the gaze of patriarchy has been produced to subjugate women through cultural and imperial masculinist gaze. I will also argue that there is a need to decolonise and liberate such a space (womb) as not a determinant of motherhood.
Some Nutritional and Physical Properties of Different Zambian Market Classes of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea)
Authors: Nyau Vincent , Mwelwa-Zgambo Lukonde , Chirwa-Moonga Taonga , Nthani Dorothy , Prakash Shiv , Rodrigues Jerry , Farrant Jill
Published: December 2019

Selected nutritional and physical properties of the two commonly cultivated Zambian market classes of Bambara groundnut (red and brown) were investigated to establish their end-user traits. Nutritional (essential amino acids, proximate and mineral compositions) and physical (hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, swelling index and 100 seed mass) properties were investigated using established standard methods. All the essential amino acids were present in both the red and brown Bambara groundnuts. The highest amount was recorded for leucine (9.7 g/100g protein) in the brown Bambara groundnut and least for methionine (1.2 g/100g protein) in the red market class. All the essential amino acids except methionine in the brown Bambara groundnut market class were above the recommended WHO/FAO provisional requirements for children (2 – 5 years) and adults. The crude protein values ranged from 14.62-18.55 g/100g, total ash (4.21 – 4.29 g/100g), crude fibre (2.79 – 5.33 g/100g), fat (6.28 – 6.54 g/100g), moisture (8.95 – 9.13 g/100g) and carbohydrate (59.23 – 60.34 g/100g). Potassium was found to be the most concentrated mineral in both market classes, followed by phosphorous, magnesium and calcium, while lead, mercury and arsenic were not detected. The swelling capacity, swelling index, hydration capacity, and hydration index of the two market classes of Bambara groundnuts were not significantly different, whereas their 100 seed mass was significantly different, with the brown recording the highest.
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE VALUE IN AGRICULTURE REVISITED: HOW INVESTMENT SUBSIDIES FOSTER ECO-EFFICIENCY
Authors: Czyżewski Bazyli , Matuszczak Anna , Grzelak Aleksander , Guth Marta , Majchrzak Adam
Published: December 2019

Many researchers and policy makers argue that CAP should support small farms mainly through environmental subsidies contributing by this mean to sustainable agriculture. This study offers a methodological contribution to the value-based sustainability approach, consisting of a computing indicator of environmental sustainable value (ESV). In this study, the authors have attempted to combine the value-oriented approach with DEA frontier benchmarking. In the next step, the authors test how investment subsidies contribute to ESV using a long-term panel of FADN region-representative farms in 2004-2015 with regards to other policy measures and factor endowments. The seminal within-between specification was employed to the control time variant and time in-variant space heterogeneity of European regions. The articles main finding is that higher investment support is beneficial for ESV. Other payments exert a negative effect on ESV besides the cross-sectional impact of environmental subsidies. When it comes to factor endowment influence, there is a positive impact of the capital-labor ratio and negative impact of the capital-land ratio.
IMPACT OF THE DEFICIT OF PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES FROM RURAL AREAS OF THE WEST POMERANIAN PROVINCE
Authors: Łącka Irena , Suproń Błażej
Published: December 2019

The aim of the article is to present and evaluate the effects of the deficit of professional drivers and changes in remuneration on the activities and development opportunities of road freight transport enterprises from rural areas of Western Pomerania. To achieve this objective, literature analysis, comparative analysis and elements of descriptive statistics were used. The research material was constituted by data for 58 transport enterprises registered in rural areas of the West Pomeranian Province. Financial and employment data was obtained from financial statements and InfoVeriti and Bisnode Polska databases. In the complimentary research, qualitative data was obtained through the use of CAWI and CAPI survey methods. Changes in the employment volume of the surveyed entities and the amount of remuneration paid by them in 2008-2017 were examined and evaluated. The results obtained indicate that both employment and remuneration as well as other benefits paid to drivers increased in the period under consideration. Enterprises from urban and rural areas pointed out serious problems in recruiting employees. On the basis of the study, the effects of the driver deficit on enterprises were also determined. Among them were: difficulties in finding employees, rising labour costs, employment turnover, incomplete use of transport means and difficulties in the timely performance of contracts. In the opinion of the surveyed enterprises, personnel problems were caused by factors such as a decrease in the number of people with appropriate qualifications on the labour market, emigration for financial purposes and high competition among employers.
MOTIVES AND FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG WOMEN
Authors: Niedzielski Eugeniusz
Published: December 2019

This study identified the motives and factors which affect women starting business activities. The analysis was based on the results of an internet poll conducted in December 2018 among 110 female entrepreneurs conducting individual business activity in towns of various sizes. Different types of services dominated among the businesses conducted by women (78%), whereas trade activities were conducted by 17% of women and production-oriented businesses were conducted by only 5%. A large portion of females (20%) conducted activities combining two or three industry branches. According to the study, women started their business activity for personal reasons rather than out of necessity. Their decisions were motivated mainly by the need to have an opportunity for professional self-development, self-fulfilment and independence. The main problems when starting and running their businesses were difficulties in acquiring external funds, excessive non-salary labour costs and a limited availability of crèches and kindergartens. Despite various barriers and obstacles in running their businesses, over 90% of females in the poll forecast a development in their activities or expansion to new markets by investing in technology, self-development, personnel training or by expanding their product range. The share of women planning to develop their businesses is increasing with growing experience and the length of time a business is run.
IDENTIFYING THE CHANGES AND DISPARITIES IN INCOME BETWEEN RURAL MUNICIPALITIES OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODSHIP
Authors: Standar dr Aldona
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the paper is to identify the changes and disparities in the income of rural municipalities of the Wielkopolskie Voivodship. As the main source materials, this paper relied on the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and on Municipal Budget Reports (RB-27s) of the Ministry of Finance. The analysis period was 2010-2017. The variable of focus in this study is total income and its components. The relationships between income categories were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Also, this paper used basic measures of descriptive statistics and the decile ratio. The analysis of variance (the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks) was carried out to verify the statistical significance of results, taking into account the functional type of municipalities (determined using the cluster analysis). The functional type was found to have an effect on income disparities in the group of municipalities surveyed. Also, the income gap between municipalities tended to narrow. The income potential of rural municipalities of the Wielkopolskie Voivodship rose by 54% in 2010-2017. This is the consequence of a consistent increase in own income and considerable growth in external income related to the introduction of the Family+ programme. Municipalities are improving their wealth because they derive more and more funds from their share in personal income tax while accessing smaller amounts from sources typical of rural local governments, such as agricultural and forestry taxes. This is related to progressing suburbanization processes which are currently taking place in Poland.
FINANCIAL LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS OF THE EASTERN POLAND MACROREGION
Authors: Gałecka Agnieszka , Cyburt Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to assess financial liquidity management in basic local government units of Eastern Poland. Aspects that were mostly considered include the awareness of the importance of financial liquidity among the chief accountants of the surveyed units, the occurrence of possible problems with the timely payment of liabilities and liquidity management instruments used. The research covered 210 local government units (100 rural municipalities, 100 urban-rural municipalities and 10 cities with district rights) from five voivodeships located in the Eastern Poland macroregion. The research methods that have been used include analysis of the subject literature and the method of the diagnostic survey using a questionnaire. The survey was conducted among chief accountants of the budget of selected local government units of the Eastern Poland macroregion. Based on the conducted surveys, it was found that the majority of managers of local government units noticed the importance of financial liquidity and in recent years did not notice problems with the timely payment of liabilities. Approximately 30% of respondents admitted to problems with financial liquidity. The main reason for the occurrence of disturbances in the timely payment of liabilities was achieving lower income and revenue than planned, as well as improper management. When analyzing applied liquidity management instruments, it was found that these were most often multi-annual financial forecasts and detailed schedules of income and expenses.
SALES CHANNELS FROM ORGANIC FOOD PROCESSING COMPANIES
Authors: Smoluk-Sikorska Joanna
Published: December 2019

The objective of the paper is identifying the main organic food sales channels from processing companies and attempting to determine their influence on organic food processing. Recently, the dynamic development of organic farming and its market has been observed. Nevertheless, the elements of this market show a number of weaknesses. One of the weakest links of the studied market is the processing of organic food, which bears a high transaction cost resulting from, among others, low distribution development. The paper presents the results of an inquiry research carried out in the first half of 2019 on 55 organic food processors. Conducted research shows that the production structure of the examined companies, mainly focused on fruit, vegetable and cereal products, is only partly adjusted to consumer expectations, who increasingly prefer organic dairy and meat. The main distribution channel is sales to small retail outlets. Wholesale trade came second, although still too underdeveloped, to assure effective products flow from processors to retail. More than half of the studied processors sell their products abroad, mainly to EU countries, North America and Asia. However, it is low-processed products, which are mostly exported. This is an unfavourable phenomenon from a value-added generating perspective.
EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION FACTORS IN HORTICULTURAL HOLDINGS VERSUS HOLDINGS OF OTHER AGRICULTURAL TYPES
Authors: Filipiak Tadeusz
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the research was to assess the efficiency of production factors in horticultural holdings in Poland versus other agricultural types in years 2004-2017. General characteristics of holdings of other agricultural types in Poland were presented, the productivity of labour, soil, and capital was determined. In the years 2004-2017, a nominal increase in soil productivity was recorded in holdings of all agricultural types, except for horticultural holdings and those specialising in granivores. In the studied period, horticultural holdings still had the highest land productivity, followed by holdings with permanent crops and specialising in granivores. In the years analysed, an increase in labour productivity was noted in almost all types of holdings, except for herbivorous holdings. Holdings specialising in granivores had the highest labour productivity, followed by field cultivation, horticultural and dairy holdings. On the other hand, capital productivity in the analysed period decreased in almost all types of holdings, except for horticultural holdings (nominally, while in real terms it decreased in all types). Horticultural holdings had the highest labour productivity, followed by field cultivation, and holdings specialised in granivores.
THE DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABILITY AT A LOCAL LEVEL: EVIDENCE FROM MAZOVIAN COUNTIES IN POLAND
Authors: Siudek Tomasz
Published: December 2019

he aim of this study was to determine the sustainability degree of local development for counties of the Mazowieckie (Mazovian) Voivodship in the years 2006-2015. Research was conducted on a population of 42 counties (territorial units at NUTS 4 level), including 5 town counties (towns possessing county status) and 37 land counties. Basing on data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office, three dimensions of development were investigated: economic, social and ecological (environmental). The author’s conceptual approach, incorporating dimensional indexes of development and Euclidean distance analysis, was applied to capture the interactions between and balance across the three pillars of sustainability. Through the results of the study, it is observed that the highest degree of local development sustainability was achieved by counties located up to 50 kilometres from Poland’s capital city Warsaw (i.e. grodziski, grójecki, nowodworski, otwocki, sochaczewski, wołomiński and żyrardowski), while the lowest by towns with a county status (Ostrołęka, Płock and Warsaw) and by peripheral counties of the east and south part of the Mazovian Voivodship (siedlecki, przysuski, lipski and zwoleński). In the 2015 ranking, according to the sustainability degree of counties, the first three spots were taken by ciechanowski, przasnyski and sochaczewski counties. The following town counties took the last three positions: Ostrołęka, Płock and Warsaw.
REGIONAL DIVERSITY OF HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND
Authors: Kozera Agnieszka , Stanisławska Joanna
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study is to assess the regional differentiation of housing conditions of the population living in rural areas and their changes in Poland between 2004 and 2016. Research was conducted on the basis of secondary data from the Central Data Bank of the CSO. Due to the complex nature of the studied phenomenon, the Ward method was used to identify typological classes of the housing condition level of the population in rural areas in a system of voivodships. A total of two typological classifications of voivodships were performed – the first in view of the level of housing conditions of the population living in rural areas in 2016, and the second in view of the level of changes in the housing conditions of the surveyed population that occurred in 2016, in relation to 2004. As a result of the research, it was found that in 2016, rural areas in the Dolnośląskie, Śląskie, Opolskie and Zachodniopomorskie voivodships were characterized by the highest level of housing conditions of the population. The lowest level of housing conditions of the population living in rural areas was observed in the Podlaskie voivodship. Dynamic, favourable changes were observed in the housing conditions of the population living in rural areas in the conditions of European integration, both in terms of accessibility and quality of housing resources. The highest increase in the percentage of dwellings equipped with central heating and network gas was observed in rural areas in the following voivodships: Dolnośląskie, Pomorskie, Wielkopolskie and Zachodniopomorskie. On the other hand, the largest increase in the percentage of dwellings equipped with a toilet and network water supply occurred in rural areas in the Lubelskie, Łódzkie, Mazowieckie, Podlaskie and Świętokrzyskie voivodships.
THE PORK MARKET IN POLAND AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Szymańska Elżbieta
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the live pig market in Poland against the background of the EU. The analysis included the production volume, foreign trade turnover of pork, consumption level, pork purchase prices and cost production. The study used CSO storage and Eurostat data. A valuable source of information was the literature of the subject. Comparative and correlation analysis were used in the study. The analysis show that Poland is one of the most important producers of pork in the European Union. In terms of pork production Poland takes 4th place in the EU after Germany, Spain and France. In Poland, pork also has a dominant position in the structure of meat consumption. In 2017, the average consumption of this type of meat was about 40 kg per person, and was higher than the EU average. The sector of live pig production in Poland is very fragmented. In such countries as Germany or Denmark the production of live pig has greater concentration. The price of live pig in Poland is based on EU prices. They are lower than in Germany, but higher than in Denmark. National pork production is compensated by import. Since mid-2007, Poland is a net importer of pork in terms of meat. In addition, the import of live animals, especially from Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark is increasing. The economic situation on the live pig market from 2014 year was hindered by African swine fever. In order to increase competitiveness, it is necessary to concentrate production and improve its efficiency.
THE ROLE OF SMALL FARMS IN LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS
Authors: Żmija Katarzyna , Czekaj Marta , Żmija Dariusz
Published: December 2019

The goal of this paper is to recognize the desired prospective role of small farms in local food systems as well as identify the directions of future-oriented activity for its implementation. The empirical data for the study was provided as a result of workshops hosted in the Rzeszowski subregion in 2019, attended by the stakeholders of the local food system. The methodology of the studies was based on the concept of foresight research, using the backcasting technique. For the purpose of formulating the visions of the desired prospective role of small farms in local food systems, the workshops participants determined their potential future roles in the subsystem of production, processing and consumption of food in the subregion, while, above all, recognizing them in reference to production, processing and providing the consumer with food of the highest quality. The aforementioned roles have been determined as being under-implemented. The recommended areas of activities for increasing the share of small farms in local food systems were identified as: legislation, institutional conditions, consultancy, financial support and farm cooperation, food quality and safety control, promotion of local food products and consumer education.
EFFICIENCY OF TABLE EGG PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS AND FARM SIZES: A CASE STUDY BASED ON THREE HUNGARIAN FARMS
Authors: Erdős Adél Dorottya , Molnar Szilvia , Szőllősi László
Published: December 2019

In the European Union, alternative housing systems (aviary, barn, free-range, organic) are increasingly used in laying hen populations (49.6%). Hungary is one of the member states where modified cage housing technology is prevalent, but this may change in the future. For this reason, the economic aspects of egg production farms with different housing technologies should be examined in Hungary. The aim of this study is to present the production and economic indicators of three different sized Hungarian egg producing farms using three different housing methods (enriched cage, aviary, barn). The main finding is that all three farms are profitable, regardless of farm size and technology used. The obtained results, in conformity with technical literature sources, show that the cost of eggs is the lowest in the cage-based farm. However, economies of scale also play an important role in the case of the examined farms. In addition, higher sales prices were observed in the case of smaller farms using alternative technology, which is both due to the direct sales channel and the higher value of eggs produced by alternative technology recognised by consumers.
THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF FOOD SECTOR PUBLIC COMPANIES
Authors: Lisek Sławomir , Luty Lidia , Zioło Monika
Published: December 2019

The aim of the article is to evaluate the economic situation of food sector enterprises listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. For the purposes of the study a synthetic indicator was used. It was formulated with the use of classic financial analysis indicators and the Multidimensional Comparative Analysis instrument. The analysis covered the following groups of ratios: accounting liquidity, indebtedness, profitability, productivity and turnover. The indicator enabled the evaluation of the situation of companies on the basis of financial data from the last five years and the presentation of findings in the form of a single synthetic variable. The resulting ranking of companies demonstrated the biggest differences in profitability values. Food sector public companies are characterised by financial soundness and indicators show that such public companies are in a better situation than other companies in this sector. The analysis was carried out on the basis of operating results of food sector companies in the period of 2014-2018.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS WITH DIVERSIFIED NATURAL POTENTIAL
Authors: Ślusarz Grzegorz
Published: December 2019

The article assesses the natural conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, which is the basic determinant of the multifunctional development of a given territory. Achieving the objective formulated in this way, the answers to the following questions were sought: how do natural conditions, especially those considered valuable in terms of nature, affect the development of entrepreneurship – the dynamics and the structure of enterprises; do they favour diversification of economic entities and multifunctional development; how does the development of entrepreneurship translate into the use of endogenous resources of a given territory, into social processes (migration, unemployment, average wages)? The research (2012-2017) covered the region of Podkarpacie, with particular emphasis on counties with the highest and lowest share of natural value areas. The delimitation of counties was performed with the use of the complete linkage method, which allows one to distinguish subsets characterized by high internal similarity due to the adopted features. The research showed that natural values did not constitute an asset for the multifunctional development of these areas. This concerns both the development of the SME sector (the dynamics of the sector is lower than in the whole region and the compared group of counties) and the use of environmental values for the development of organic production - a clear decrease in the number of farms and the area of organic crops. The consequence of this is limited use of endogenous potential – high unemployment and high migration. This demonstrates the low effectiveness of cohesion policy and carries a high risk of depopulation of these areas, with all the complexity of such a process.
CONDITIONS MOTIVATING A DECISION TO START AND DEVELOP A NON-AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ON A FARM IN THE PROVINCE OF WARMIA AND MAZURY
Authors: Lizińska Wiesława
Published: December 2019

The main objective of the research is an attempt to diagnose and evaluate the conditions for the development of non-agricultural activities in selected districts of the Warmia and Mazury Province. The survey was completed in 2018-2019 in 4 selected districts, having the potential to develop non-agricultural activities and characterized by development problems (a high unemployment rate, a relatively low share of income from non-agricultural activities and a high share of development land within the State Treasury’s resources). The number of farms covered by the survey from 4 districts was 86. Based on an analysis, it can be concluded that there is some potential, both on farms and in their surroundings, to develop non-agricultural business activity, but now exploited on a relatively low level. Farmers are engaged in a diverse array of non-agricultural businesses. Many are considering to further develop the non-agricultural businesses they conduct. This is particularly true about selling raw farm produce for processing, developing own food processing capacity, or providing agritourism services. The dominant stimulating factor was the higher amount of EU funds allocated to this purpose, in addition to simplified administrative procedures when setting up and conducting a business.
EXTREMAL DEPENDENCIES ON COMMODITY FUTURES MARKETS
Authors: Just Małgorzata
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to assess dependencies between extreme rates of return from commodity futures contracts on selected markets in the years 2000-2018. In periods of upheavals and turbulences, in markets for investors and portfolio management, it is crucial to estimate the probability of risk factors simultaneously taking extreme values. The analyses were conducted on dependencies between extreme rates of return (asymptotic dependencies) on markets of futures contracts for energy, metals and agricultural products in the years 2000-2018, applying the Copula-ARMA-GARCH models and tail dependence coefficients. Relatively strong and permanent asymptotic dependencies were found for pairs of futures contracts for crude oil and heating oil, while either no such dependencies were observed or only appeared during the subprime crisis and assumed very low values for other energy pairs of futures contracts and pairs of agricultural futures contracts, in which at least one of the contracts was concluded for soft commodities.
THE STRUCTURE OF SOURCES OF FINANCING FIXED ASSETS IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN POLAND
Authors: Kropsz-Wydra Irena
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research was to determine the structure and dynamics of changes in the sources of financing fixed assets serving environmental protection in Poland. The article covers the years 2012-2013. The analysis concerned sources of financing perceived from a regional perspective, taking average dynamics of changes into account and showcasing the average share of individual sources of financing in voivodships. The support of such financing with EU funds was particularly emphasized. It was proven that, apart from own resources, public funds from the European Union budget and co-financing from environmental funds take up a significant share in the structure of sources of financing of environmental protection. Favorable changes were observed in the financing source structure of fixed assets serving environmental protection in various regions of Poland in the analyzed period. The highest dynamics of changes in Poland and in voivodships applied to foreign funds, a consequence of using financial resources from the EU budget to improve and maintain the quality of the natural environment. A positive effect of these activities was an increase in the value of expenditures on fixed assets in environmental protection after 2004, in other words after joining the EU. This was confirmed by the growing dynamics of changes in investment outlays for fixed assets in environmental protection in Poland and individual voivodships. After 2004, the share of funds from ecological funds as well as domestic credits and loans decreased, while the share of funds from abroad increased significantly.
NON-AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF RURAL WOMEN AS A FACTOR ELIMINATING SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES AND INFLUENCING RURAL AREA DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Stolarska Alicja
Published: December 2019

On the basis of unpublished data from GUS (Central Statistical Office), in the years 2014-2016, as well as a review of literature, an analysis of the socio-economic situation of rural women, who make a living by running own non-agricultural businesses, was conducted. Income stemming from various sources of earnings was compared with reference to the situation on the labour market. Rural women were characterized on the basis of various types of self-employment undertaken, underlining the major role of such forms of labour in levelling out opportunities and the development of rural areas. Their average age was 45 and the number of people in the family 3.8. Only 2.4% of female entrepreneurs were from single-person households. Types of non-agricultural entrepreneurship were presented, where trade prevailed and 25.9% of entrepreneurs also employed other employees. By applying the coefficient of variation, many differences in the household income of female entrepreneurs were noted.
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON AGRICULTURE – A EUROPEAN, REGIONAL AND WORLD PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Wielechowski Michał
Published: December 2019

he aim of the paper was to present the changes taking place in relation to public expenditure on agriculture, the share of agriculture in creating GDP, and the level of orientation of national economies on agriculture using the Agricultural Orientation Index from a global, SDG regions’ and European countries’ perspective. The data source was the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The adopted research period covered the years 2003-2017. The research results showed that national governments spent less than 2% of their total expenditure on agriculture. Taking into account an SDG regional groupings’ perspective, Central and Southern Asia and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia were two regions allocating the largest part of central government expenditure to the agricultural sector. Among SDG regions, the highest AOI levels were represented by Europe and Northern America. European countries spending relatively the most on agriculture were Belarus, Switzerland and the Republic of Moldova. However, the most agri-oriented countries in Europe were Switzerland, Luxemburg and Finland. Agriculture did not belong to the priority list for national central governments in allocating budgets towards this sector, worldwide. The study should be considered comparative and a challenge for future research.