bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first record of the pantropical filth fly Atherigona orientalis Schiner from mainland Europe and another record of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp) from Spain (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Cabrera-Cánoves Paula , Pujade-Villar Juli , Pont Adrian C.
Published: October 2019

Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868, and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) are recorded from southeast Spain, attracted to a carrion bait trap. The record of A. orientalis Schiner is the first occurrence of this species from the European mainland.
A second species of Platypygus Loew (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) from South Africa
Authors: Evenhuis Neal L.
Published: October 2019

A new species, Platypygus emoji (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) is described and illustrated from South Africa. This marks only the second species of Platypygus to be recorded from the Afrotropical Region.
أسباب الانحطاط الأخلاقي عند المسلمين وحلها في القرآن والسنة
Authors: النصيري كاظم
Published: October 2019

إن الدين يضع الحلول الجذرية لمختلف المشكلات, وتساهم التربية في خلق وبناء الإنسان المتكامل سواء من الناحية الخلقية أم العقلية, فيما لو أخذت العقيدة الإسلامية قاعدة للتربية, ذلك أن التربية من الأمور الكسبية, قال تعالى: {وَاللّهُ أَخْرَجَكُم مِّن بُطُونِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ شَيْئًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْسَّمْعَ وَالأَبْصَارَ وَالأَفْئِدَةَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ}([i]) ولولا المربّون لمُسخت الإنسانية والمجتمعات, ومن هنا يولد الإنسان بصفحة بيضاء خالية من الخبرات عدا خبرة الانفصال عن الام. وقد نظر ابن الرومي إلى خبرة الانفصال عن الام نظرة فلسفية إذ قال([ii]):

لما تؤذن الدنيا به من زوالها وإلا فما يبكيه منها وأنها

 

يكون بكاء الطفل ساعة يوضع لأفسح مما كان فيه وأوسع

وقد شكك الدكتور زكريا إبراهيم في جدوى صلاح أخلاق الناس لان جذور الشر - حسب رأيه- متأصلة في طبيعة الوجود بدليل أن الهدم أيسر من البناء والقتل أخف من التربية والاحياء). ويتمثل (زكريا) بآراء الفيلسوف أبي حيان التوحيدي التشاؤمية عندما يتساءل التوحيدي في احدى مسائله قائلاً: (لِمَ كان الإنسان إذا أراد أن  يتخذ عدة أعداء في ساعة واحدة قدر على ذلك, وإذا قصد اتخاذ صديق واحد لم يستطع إلا بزمان واجتهاد وطاعة عزم, أليس في هذا دليل على أن الهبوط أيسر دائماً من الصعود وان الاقبال على فعل الشر أسهل دائماً من المجاهدة في سبيل فعل الخير؟...)([iii]).

لذا يتضح أن آراء الفيلسوف (التوحيدي) التشاؤمية من مسألة صلاح الإنسان بدليل أن الهدم أيسر من كسب شخص واحد متناسيا أن البناء يتبع نظاماً مقنناً والهدم أو القتل لا يحتاج إلى مثل هذا النظام. ولا يخفى هنا أن القرآن هو المعلم والهادي للإنسان والانسانية في كل العصور لأنه كتاب حياة الإنسان المتكاملة، فمثلاً على مستوى النفس الإنسانية استطاع ان يُشيع روح الطمأنينة والاستقرار والتفاؤل والطموح، ويجتث كل أسباب التخوّف من مستقبل العالم من خلال الايمان وتزكية النفس وبناء الشخصية. وقد سبق القرآن الكريم ما قرّره علماء التربية فيما يتعلق بالدور المهم والنموذجي للتربية الإسلامية في بناء الإنسان المتكامل في شخصيته وأفكاره وسلوكه.

أمّا على صعيد العقائد الأخرى - سواء أكانت دينية كالعقيدة المسيحية واليهودية أم كانت وضعية - فانها لا تصلح أن تكون قاعدة أساسية للتربية لأنها تنظر إلى الحياة من جانب واحد ومن زاوية معينة كالنظرة الدينية المحضة عند المسيحيين والنظرة الدنيوية الخالصة عند الاسرائيليين والنظرة الاجتماعية عند العلمانيين وغير ذلك من الآراء والنظريات([iv]).

ومن هنا فان تعدد النظريات الاجتماعية والتربوية في هذا العالم والنظر إلى القضية التربوية بعين واحد تحرف الإنسان عن مسؤوليته التي خُلق من أجلها ألا وهي المساهمة في بناء الحياة المتكاملة باعتبارها مزرعة لحياة أبدية أخرى بعيدة عن سلبيات الذين يريدون تدمير الحرث والنسل تحقيقاً لمآربهم المنحرفة والبعيدة عن الأخلاق والقيم.

 

([i]) النحل: 78.

([ii]) المسعودي: مروج الذهب, ج4, ص284.

([iii]) زكريا إبراهيم، د. (أبو حيان التوحيدي) ص38- 39.

([iv]) الموسوي، أبو هشام عبد الملك، الاساليب التربوية عند أهل البيت، ص19.
اشتقاق الصيغة الأمرية من الافعال المعتلة بين الاكدية والعبرية -(دراسة سامية مقارنة)-
Authors: رشيد كفاح صابر
Published: October 2019

يُعد الفعل من أهم مكونات الجملة في اللغات السامية عامة وفي اللغة العربية واللغة العبرية واللغة الأكدية بخاصة وعلى حدٍ سواء، لقد حظي النظام الفعلي فيها باهتمام كبير من قبل  المختصين في مضمار البحوث اللغوية ، ولما كانت الأفعال الضعيفة (المعتلة) هي أحد أقسامه ، فقد وقع الاختيار على أن تكون هذه الدراسة معنية باشتقاق الصيغة الامرية من هذه الأفعال في اللغات العبرية والاكدية والعربية التي تمتلك اصوات الاعلال ذاتها وهي ( الالف، والواو ، والياء، والنون).مع مراعاة الاشارة الى التوافقات والاختلافات في طريقة تصريفها واشتقاقها على وفق الاوزان الصرفية لكل منها، لتنتهي بإيجاز جملة من الاستنتاجات  ذات العلاقة بموضوع هذا البحث.
العدالة الانتقالية والمصالحة الوطنية -قراءة ثقافوية أنثروبولوجية-
Authors: زمل يوسف عناد , صالح زينب محمد
Published: October 2019

"العدالة الانتقالية" هي عملية قضائية بحتة بما تتضمنه من إجراءات متكاملة تبدأ بالتحقيق وتنتهي بأصدار الاحكام القضائية وتنفيذها وفق إطر ومؤسسات قانونية محدودة ، وهي تهدف الى تحقيق العدل وانصاف الضحايا بكل سبل ووسائل الانصاف القانونية وفي مقدمتها القصاص,اي انزال العقوبة العادلة بحق المجرمين وحسب ما تنص عليها القوانين ومنع انتهاكات الإنسان الآنية والمستقبلية. اما المصالحة الوطنية فهي عمل اجتماعي, ديني، أخلاقي ، وسياسي بالمقام الأول ، فضلا انها تنظر الى المستقبل بعكس العدالة الانتقالية التي تنظر الى فترة الماضي وهي تكون محدودة بتلك الحقبة الزمنية، لذا نلاحظ هناك علاقة متداخلة بين الموضوعين اذ ان العدالة الانتقالية جزءاً لا يتجزأ من لمصالحة الوطنية وهي ايضاً أي(عدالة اجتماعية), وهي عاملاً مهماً لنجاح وتثبيت المصالحة الوطنية في أي مجتمع.

        فما لا شك فيه ان تناولنا لموضوع العدالة الانتقالية والمصالحة الوطنية انما هو  تسليط الضوء على المجتمع العراقي بعد عام(2003)، وتسليط الضوء هذا لايأتي اعتباطا انما ستكون الانثروبولوجيا الثقافية لاسيما الثقافة السياسية حاضرة على اعتبار ان الانثربولوجيا تهتم بدراسة الانسان وثقافته ، ولا يمكن تخليص الانسان من ادران الماضي المفعم بارهاصات الانظمة والحكام الجائرين وبنائه من جديد وفق انظمة ولوائح حقوق الانسان والعدالة الاجتماعية والانتقال الديمقراطي، مالم تتم معالجة ملفات ماضي عنيف تعلق" بانتهاكات حقوق الانسان العراقي "،اي تطبيق ما يسمى بالعدالة الانتقالية ولتطبيق مبدأ العدالة الانتقالية في العراق لا بد من الالتفات الى قضية مهمه هي المصالحة الوطنية بين مكونات الشعب العراقي كافة .كما ان العدالة الانتقالية ولمصالحة الوطنية في العراق تحتاج الى اليات لتطبيقها ، فضلآ عن تبيان اسباب تعثرها ، وهذا لا يأتي بسهولة ويسر، اذ يتطلب منا استقراء الواقع العراقي من حيث مشروع المصالحة الوطنية وقراءة الفرد العراقي بما  تعرض له وما سوف يحدث بمعنى آخر ، اي مالذي حصل عليه وماذا سيأخذ؟
طبيعة الصراع في نصوص مسرح اللامعقول يوجين يونسكو أنموذجاً
Authors: سعدون فاتن جمعة
Published: October 2019

كتاب دراما اللامعقول يعيشون حالة من التمرد، والعبث، حالة من عجز العقل عن ان يستوعب ما يحيط به من اللاحقيقة، واللا منطق، من عبثية الحياة، من اللاهدف، واللامعنى، وهذه نتيجة حتمية افرزتها الحرب العالمية الثانية. طبيعة الصراع في دراما اللامعقول غير خاضعا لما جاءت به الدراما الكلاسيكية والقواعد الارسطية من توصيفات للصراع على انه ساكنا، واثبا، صاعدا، متدرجا، وتوصيفات اخرى، انما تمثل في نصوص مسرحيات يونسكو ان يكون مغلقا، يبدأ من نقطة وينتهي عند نفس النقطة، صراعا لامنطقيا، لامعقولا، لم يكن متعلقا بأحداث خارجية بسبب من الفراغ الروحي للوجود الانساني، شخصا يعاني حالة من الاضطراب والقلق الروحي، وعدم الاستقرار النفسي، يعاني من العزلة لعدم استطاعته الاتصال بالاخرين. شخصيات هلامية لا اسم لها، مسلوبة الارادة، هي دائما في حالة من الضياع والخوف والعبث واليأس والهروب والفوضى والفراغ ازاء تفاهة الحياة وعبثيتها، وعبثية الوجود، والكشف عن كوامن النفس البشرية، الشخصيات لاتحاول البحث لها عن مشتركات للتحاور، اي انها منطوية على نفسها غير فعالة.

جاءت نصوصهم عبارة عن كم من الافكار المتعددة، تزيح احدهما الاخرى لتبني وتؤسس لثيمة جديدة من خلال اللغة التي جاءت عبارة عن ثرثرة لامعنى لها، أفكار مبعثرة غير متسلسلة، بمعنى الحوار غير محكم البناء، لاوجود للزمان ولا وضوح للمكان، يجعل المتلقي في حالة من الدهشة والاستغراب، بسبب من اضطراب النظام السلوكي للفرد والمجتمع الذي حول الفرد الى مجرد ماكنة .
الأوضاع السياسية في بلاد الجريد في عهد الدولتين الموحدية والحفصية (554-799هـ/1159-1396م).
Authors: حمود سادسة حلاوي , منشد سلام جبار
Published: October 2019

يهدف هذا البحث لتسليط الضوء على الأوضاع السياسية في بلاد الجريد في عهد الدولتين الموحدية والحفصية حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري(554-799هـ/1159-1396م)،إذ سميت بلاد الجريد - التي تمثل أخر بلاد إفريقية من جهة الصحراء -  بهذا الاسم ؛ لكثرة النخيل بها، وكان لموقعها الجغرافي المميز دور كبير على مسار الإحداث السياسية فيها، كما أصبحت بفضل موقعها، تمثل حلقة الوصل للطرق التجارية القادمة من بلاد السودان الغربي والذاهبة إليها ، لذا صارت محط أنظار الدول الناشئة في المغرب الإسلامي التي رغبت بشكل ملح  للسيطرة عليها من اجل الاستفادة من مواردها الاقتصادية المهمة، لهذا شهدت بلاد الجريد أحداثا سياسية كثيرة تباينت أهدافها بين الثورة والتمرد والعصيان.
A faunistic study on the geometrid moths (Lepidoptera) of Maden (Elazığ) district
Authors: SEVEN Erdem , ÇAKIR Abdullah
Published: October 2019

This paper is conducted on the Geometridae
fauna of Maden district (Elazığ). In total, 87 species were diagnosed in 47
genera of 6 subfamilies. All of the determined species are new record for the
research area and also 82 of the species are new record for Elazığ province. And, second
location records of endemic Idaea
consociata (Staudinger, 1900), Gnophos sacraria (Staudinger, 1895) and Wehrliola
inexpectata (Kemal & Uçak, 2018) species are given
from the study area.
EKSPOSISI FILIPI 2:1-11
Authors: Rantesalu Marsi Bombongan
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the Philippians' wrong letter to share with the apostle Paul. Paul also encouraged them to go forward and acknowledge God in unity, humility, fellowship and peace. Paul gives a number of suggestions about one accord of one mind, one love, one soul, one goal, by not seeking self-interest or vain praise. Paul accepts what needs to be emulated from Christ Jesus in terms of his humility, namely: not maintaining equality with God and also he is willing to be a servant who is faithful and obedient to God's plan and even to death on the cross. Paul also discusses the reasons why God greatly exalts Jesus and gives names above all names because of His humility.
Summary of Safety Standards for Repurposing Batteries (汰役電池安全標準的內容與說明)
Authors: Chung Hsien-Ching , Cheng Yaw-Chung
Published: October 2019

Accompanied by the increase of electric vehicles, repurposing batteries will increase rapidly as well in the future. How to deal with these batteries has become an open-ended question. Some retired power batteries possess about 80% initial capacity. So they can be utilized once again, for example, to serve the batteries in the energy storage system. However, this may cause safety problems. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) published the safety standard for batteries for use in stationary, vehicle auxiliary power, and light electric rail applications in 2013 (UL 1973) to respond to the said issues. To promote wide-ranged applications, UL published the safety standard for repurposing battery evaluation in 2018 (UL 1974). In this paper, we summarize the contents of UL 1973 and UL 1974 as a reference to accelerate the industrial development of battery energy storage system.(This article has been published in the Monthly Journal of Taipower's Engineering 860 (2020) 35-44. Link: https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/report.aspx?mid=86 )-----隨著電動車輛的推廣與增加，汰役電池開始出現，未來數量將會快速增長，因此成為一個必須要解決的問題。這些動力電池在淘汰時，部分仍然有大約80% 的容量，顯然可以再次加以利用，例如做為儲能電池之使用。但由於是此類淘汰物品可能出現安全上的問題。Underwriters Laboratories (UL)公司在2013年提出電池於儲能系統的安全標準(UL 1973)來因應此問題，但為面對汰役電池推廣之需求，於2018年出版二次利用電池安全評估標準(UL 1974)。本文係參考UL 1973與UL 1974兩個標準，就電池儲能系統的發展現況，將這些標準加以整理與說明，供使用者參考，期能加速電池儲能系統的產業發展。(本文已發表於台電工程月刊 860 (2020) 35-44, 連結: https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/report.aspx?mid=86 )
Tantangan Menuju Mitigasi Bencana Komunikasi
Authors: Chatra Emeraldy
Published: October 2019

Mitigation concept concerning communication disaster is a minor issue in communication studies’ discourse. Not many aware that the spectacular development of communication technology is also contain a great and potential disaster for human civilization. Communication freedom may cause cultural disruption even dehumanization, so the concept of mitigation for communication disaster should be seriously thought by communication studies scholar.
A Primer on Reliability via Coefficient Alpha and Omega
Authors: Padilla Miguel
Published: October 2019

Reliability is an important property to established for a measurement instrument.  There are several types of reliabilities and each with its own purposes.  However, whether warranted or not, internal consistency via coefficient alpha has been the standard for establishing the reliability of a measurement instrument for over 60 years.  During this time, coefficient omega was proposed as an alternative, but has remained obscured.  Nonetheless, neither coefficient has been further developed since their inception until recent years.  A clearer discussion of the three classical true score model forms and their relationship to reliability, computational methods, and the asymptotic distribution of coefficient alpha provided the foundation for fruitful confidence interval research for each coefficient.  In this respect, the normal theory bootstrap CI is the most optimal for both coefficients.  Even so, there is still more promising research to pursue.
PROCESSING GARBAGE CONTAINING PLASTICS (REVIEW)
Authors: Voloshina І.V.
Published: October 2019

This article considers existing types of plastics, emphasizes the importance and economic feasibility their recycling and the methods burning non-recyclable wastes containing plastic.
PENERAPAN DESA PEDULI GAMBUT DI DESA SAWAHAN KECAMATAN CERBON KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA
Authors: Jaelani Achmad , Ni’mah Gusti Khairun
Published: October 2019

Sawahan Village is one of the Transmigration villages in the Cerbon sub-district, BaritoKuala district, South Kalimantan province. This village has a vast expanse of rice fieldsand 90% of the people work as farmers. Sawahan village has an area of 5,950 ha withproductive land of 1,200 ha which is mostly in the form of peatland. The land of thesawahan village is located near the tidal river flow containing low pH with high aciditylevels ranging from 3,5 to 4,5. Land in the area is a type of peat land (black brown), sothat not all plants, livestock and fish can grow / live except plants, fish, livestock thatcan adapt to this condition. Peatlands have their own difficulties in managing them.Some fruit plants and horticulture can live after being adapted to the condition of theland for a long period of time but given a considerable amount of lime to overcome highacidity and disease resistance. With this, many transmigrant farmers have difficulty inhandling the land because some species of plants and fish cannot develop properly. Forthis reason a new breakthrough is needed so that this problem can be overcome andfarmers are able to plant crops, fish and livestock specific to peatlands. Some of theresults of the Uniska Agriculture Faculty trial which tried several plants that wereadaptive to the conditions of peatlands such as Kweni Anjir, Limau Kuit, RambutanAntalagi and Kasturi. In addition to fruit trees, there are also horticultural plants thathave been tried on these peatlands, namely long beans, purple eggplant, bitter melon,tiyung chili (very spicy mini chili). For fish there are fragrant fish (cork) and catfish.Whereas livestock with Alabio ducks are resistant to peatland conditions. In addition tofruit trees, there are also horticulture plants that have been tried on these peatlands,namely long beans, purple eggplant, bitter melon, tiyung chili. The problem in thisactivity is how farmers make efforts in transmigrant areas by selecting mina plants, fishand livestock that are suitable for cultivation on peatlands, how to cultivate mina-plantsand livestock for peatland species to get maximum results and how to pioneer marketingefforts production so that it can really increase the income of transmigrant farmers inSawahan Village, Barito Kuala Regency.
PENYUSUNAN MARKETING PLAN BAGI USAHA KERAJINAN TANGAN IBU-IBU DI DESA TATAH PAMANGKIH KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Widyanti Rahmi , Vitria Aida , Susiladewi Susiladewi
Published: October 2019

The level development of entrepreneurs in Indonesia is very slow. This is influenced by attention the government to its citizens still lacking. We can take the example of one of the government's policies, import salt, chili, rice etc. Is it appropriate for the State of Indonesia as an agricultural country with the dawn of rice cultivation such imports. This situation to make farmer family felling down. Government attention is needed to empower people to improve the entrepreneurial spirit. Especially in developing informal business communities of the handmade product. However, it is also the role of public institutions and universities by providing socialization and counseling, in order to accelerate the empowerment felt by the public and obtain maximum benefit in managing the business. This is effort to increase handmade production by moms community, the soul of entrepreneurs need to be given knowledge about the preparation of the marketing plan format.
Scale insects of the Volga Area (Homoptera: Coccinea). IV. Mirococcus vallis sp. nov. and some other mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) from Samara Province of Russia
Authors: Gavrilov-Zimin I.A. , Kurochkin A.S.
Published: October 2019

Mirococcus vallis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Samara Prov. of Russia. Three else species of mealybugs: Fonscolombia amnicola (Borchsenius, 1948), Mirococcopsis subterranea (Newstead, 1893) and Ripersiella poltavae (Laing, 1929) are reported for the first time to the fauna of the Volga Area.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika dan Sikap Bersahabat di Kelas IV SD
Authors: Luthfiani Annisa , Irianto Sony , Andriani Ana
Published: October 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap prestasi belajar matematika dan sikap bersahabat di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan desain Nonequivalent (Pretest-Posttest) Control Group Design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD sebanyak 42 siswa yang terbagi menjadi 20 siswa sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 22 siswa sebagai kelompok kontrol. Penentuan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan instrumen prestasi belajar siswa melalui pretest dan posttest sedangkan instrumen sikap bersahabat didapatkan dengan angket menggunakan skala Likert. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t pihak kanan, dimana t-hitung lebih besar dari t-tabel sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh antara pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap prestasi belajar siswa dengan t-hitung = 3,399 ≥ t-tabel = 1,684; (2) terdapat pengaruh antara pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap sikap bersahabat siswa dengan t-hitung = 2,160 ≥ t-tabel = 1,684.Abstract: This research aimed to find out the effect of realistic mathematics approach towards the students' learning achievement and friendly behavior on the fourth grade of Elementary School. This was a quasi-experimental research with Nonequivalent (pre-test and post-test) Control Group Design. The samples of this research were 42 fourth graders of Elementary School taken from two classes consisting of 20 students of the experiment class and 22 students of the control. The data of students'learning achievement were collected using pre-test and post-test, while the data of students' friendly behavior were collected using a questionnaire of Likert scale. To test the hypothesis of this study using the right t-test, where t-count was bigger than t-table so Ho will be rejected and Ha will be accepted. The results showed that: (1) there was an effect between realistic mathematics approach and the students' learning achievement with t-count = 3.399 ≥ t-table = 1.684; (2) there was an effect between realistic mathematics approach and students' friendly behavior with t-count = 2.160 ≥ t-table = 1.684.
Molecular markers of genes for extreme resistance to potato virus Y in varieties and hybrids Solanum tuberosum L.
Authors: Biryukova V. A. , Shmiglya I. V. , Zharova V. A. , Beketova M. P. , Rogozina E. V. , Mityushkin A. V. , Meleshin A. A.
Published: October 2019

Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most harmful viral pathogens that reduce the yield and quality of potatoes. The number of modern varieties resistant to a wide range of PVY strains is very limited, therefore, the selection of potatoes in this direction does not become irrelevant. Molecular markers of the Ry genes are universal tools for identifying new sources of resistance among existing biodiversity of potato genotypes. Since potato varieties and hybrids containing Rysto tend to exhibit cytoplasmic male sterility associated with mitochondrial DNA, the definition of cytoplasmic types is important. In the article, molecular markers of the Ry genes YES3-3A, YES3-3B, RYSC3, Ry186 were used for screening foreign and Russian varieties and hybrids potatoes from the collections of Lorch Potato Research Institute and N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Molecular screening and analysis of рedigree revealed that russian varieties and hybrids of potatoes characterized by extreme resistance to PVY were obtained on the basis of foreign varieties Alwara, Arosa, Bison, Bobr, Roko, as well as backcrosses of the Hungarian selection donors of the Rysto gene linked to cytoplasmic male sterility, and forms 128/6 a donor of the Ryadg gene, derived from S. stoloniferum. The marker RYSC3 coupled to Ryadg was found in interspecies hybrids of N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-5-2005, 135-3-2005, having the same origin with the participation of S. okadae species K-20921 Hawkes et Hjerting and S. chacoense K-19759 Bitt. The marker Ry186 of the gene Rychc is rare. It is present in 5% of the potato genotypes. Molecular screening revealed samples of potatoes with markers of the Ry genes. They are of particular interest for further breeding. Data on the presence of Ry markers of genes in potato varieties and hybrids, serve as valuable information in the selection of initial forms for hybridization.
Resistance of raspberry caltivars to temperature stress factors of the winter period
Authors: Evdokimenko S. N. , Sazonov F. F. , Danilova A. A. , Podgaetsky M. A. , Mironova N. V.
Published: October 2019

The results of researches of winter hardiness cultivars and selected forms of raspberry in the field and laboratory conditions have been presented. The study was conducted in FSBSI All-Russia STIHNG and its Kokino Base Station (Bryansk region). The objects of research were 20 cultivars and 10 selected forms of raspberry of various genetic-geographical origin. The main purpose of the work was to study the resistance of cultivars and selected forms of raspberry to temperature stress factors of the winter period and the identification of the most winter-hardy genotypes. As a result, it was established that the cultivars Peresvet, Balzam, Beglyanka, Rubin Bryanski and nine selected forms showed high field winter hardiness. When modeling damaging winter factors, it was revealed, that the cultivars Gusar, Lazarevskaya, Volnitsa, Meteor and selected forms 32-16-1, 1-15-1, 1-2-2, 6-12-2 well tolerated frost-35C in the middle of winter. The cultivars Gusar, Meteor, Volnitsa and selected forms 32-16-1, 1-4-2, 1-15-1, 1-2-2, 2-12-1 distinguished by reliable resistance to component III of winter hardiness. Among the studied raspberry assortment, the genotypes with a high level of bud resistance to IV component of winter hardiness were not revealed.
Preparations used in the fight against wireworms and aphids on potato
Authors: Dolzhenko O. V. , Shorokhov M. N. , Krivchenko O. A.
Published: October 2019

In the North-West region of the Russian Federation, studies have been conducted to study the biological efficacy of combination products in the fight against wireworms and aphids - carriers of viruses on potatoes. Studied the effectiveness of new products not yet included in the State catalog of pesticides: Bombard, CS (130+90+60 g/l), Wibrans Max, CS (262.5+25+25 g/l), as well as combined insecticides - by spraying during the growing season - Dexter, KS (115+106 g/l) and Eforia, KS (106+141 g/l). These preparations provide effective protection of potatoes against wireworms and aphids and can be recommended for use after their state registration and inclusion in the State Catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Changes of indises of fresh and deconserved sperm of stallions after their vaccination against Siberian plague
Authors: Naumenkova V. A. , Kalinova A. V.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the work is to find out the influence of vaccination of stallions against Siberian plague on the sperm quality and its criostability. Vaccination of stallions against Siberian plague led to the decrease of the sperm quality.During the first week productivity of sperm decreased in 10%. In freshly diluted sperm mobility decreased on average 12%, survival on 38% (Р0,99), membrane safety - on 20 % (Р0,95). Recovery was observed not earlier than in 28 days. Particularly sharply vaccination affected the sperm quality after crioconservation: sperm mobility decreased on average 35 % (Р0,99), survival on 45% (Р0,99), membrane safety on 46 % (Р0,99). Rejection of sperm doses in post-vaccination period were 50% because of the decrease of quality below normative level. Number of pathological types of sperm increased in 45 days after vaccination: on 27% (Р0,95) in fresh sperm and in 34% (Р0,99) in deconserved. In case of cryoconservation of stallions sperm it is necessary to take into account the recovery period of antiepizootic measures.
Quantifying growth responses of trees to drought - a critique of the Lloret-indicators and recommendations for future studies
Authors: Schwarz Julia Annick , Skiadaresis Georgios , Kohler Martin , Kunz Jörg , Schnabel Florian , Vitali Valentina , Bauhus Jürgen
Published: October 2019

Quantifying the resilience of forest ecosystems in response to droughts is fundamentally important to assess their capacity to function under intensifying climate change with more extreme droughts. The concept proposed by Lloret et al. (2011) to quantify resilience components of tree growth through indices of resistance, recovery, and resilience has become highly popular in dendro-ecological analyses because it allows a simple, yet highly efficient assessment of short-term responses of trees to drought. Until today these Lloret-indices have been used in 82 studies on growth response to drought of 66 trees species in different climatic regions. Despite their widespread use, some important drawbacks and limitations related to the application of these indices may lead to spurious results or misinterpretation of observed patterns. One major reason for this problem is the inconsistency regarding the selection and characterization of drought events as well as the calculation of the indices. Therefore, this review aims at identifying and discussing shortcomings and pitfalls of Lloret’s indices and to develop recommendations for a more robust and standardized procedure. In addition, we propose a new analytical framework that integrates the different Lloret-indices by comparing observed relationships between resistance and recovery of tree species or treatments to a hypothetical ‘line of full resilience’, which describes the relationship between resistance and recovery that leads to full resilience of radial growth at any given value of resistance. The fit of observed relationships between resistance and recovery with the hypothetical ‘line of full resilience’ can be used for comparative drought-tolerance assessments such as rankings of different tree species or treatments. The suggested approach could be used to harmonize quantifications of tree growth resilience to drought and it may thus facilitate systematic reviews and development of the urgently needed evidence base to identify suitable tree species and management options under climatic change.
Novel Approaches to Evaluate the Ability of Vehicles for Secured Transportation
Authors: Kocsis Bence , Vida Gábor , Szalay Zsolt , Ágoston György
Published: October 2019

The assurance of process safety plays an important role in the field of information technology. Securing the information has become one of the biggest challenges in the present day. Whenever we think about the protected systems the first thing that comes to our mind can be malicious interventions which are increasing immensely day by day. Nowadays we live the world of huge automotive developments with the appearance of the demand for autonomous vehicles. On the other hand, technological developments also provide a lot of advantages for the society. The benefits of autonomous cars include reduced mobility costs, increased safety, increased mobility, significant reduction of traffic collisions. However, it cannot be forgotten that the extension of cyberspace affects the transportation increasingly. Accordingly, cars are produced with high level of connectivity and automation. Therefore, the risks arriving from the cyberspace can now endanger the safe and secured transportation. These tendencies shall motivate manufacturers and developers to permanently improve the ability of vehicles to protect themselves and their passengers.
Training of specialists from physical culture to
forming healthy way of life by health care technologies
Authors: Bida Olena , Shevchenko Olga , Kuchay Alexander
Published: October 2019

Healthcare-saving activity is the determining basis for the comprehensive and harmonious development of the student's personality, his lifestyle and life position. The main tasks of this approach are to ensure a healthy lifestyle by means of healthcare-saving technologies of each person, to bring them to the required level of perfection. This necessitates the improvement of specialists in physical culture regarding the formation of a healthy lifestyle by means of health-saving technologies in parallel with the introduction of the modern software and methodological support of the educational process in their practice. The pedagogical conditions of effective healthcare-saving activity of students in the educational process of institutions of higher education are specified. The main tasks of the organization of the educational process are revealed. Pedagogical bases of a healthy way of life in the educational process of the higher school are defined. The main objectives and factors of the program-methodical support of a healthy lifestyle of young people are considered. It is noted that the program and
methodological support for the problem of a healthy lifestyle of young people in the educational process of the university depends primarily on such factors as: 1) material support of the educational process; 2) the contingent participating in the educational process; 3) implementation of the specific conditions. of the program.
Robustness of the controllability for the strongly damped wave equation under the influence of impulses, delays and nonlocal conditions
Authors: Leiva Hugo
Published: October 2019

This work proves the following conjecture: impulses, delays, and nonlocal conditions, under some assumptions, do not destroy some posed system qualitative properties since they are themselves intrinsic to it. we verified that the property of controllability is robust under this type of disturbances for the strongly damped wave equation. Specifically, we prove that the interior approximate controllability of linear strongly damped wave equation is not destroyed if we add impulses, nonlocal conditions and a nonlinear perturbation with delay in state. This is done by using new techniques avoiding fixed point theorems employed by A.E. Bashirov et al. In this case the delay help us to prove the approximate controllability of this system by pulling back the control solution to a fixed curve in a short time interval, and from this position, we are able to reach a neighborhood of the final state in time t by using that the corresponding linear strongly damped wave equation is approximately controllable on any interval {t0,T}, 0 < t0 < T.
After the protolanguage: Invisible convergence, false divergence and boundary shift
Authors: Häkkinen Jaakko
Published: October 2019

I discuss the processes involved in the birth of a language family: what kind of processes can happen or may have happened between the common protolanguage and the present-day languages. I do not consider the subject at a purely theoretical level, but rather through examples drawn from the Uralic studies. I name certain processes which have not (to my knowledge) previously been explicitly analyzed. I also argue that the taxonomic structure of a language family cannot be reliably reconstructed on the basis of the lexical level, and even less so if based on lexical retentions, which has been the common practice in lexicostatistic studies.
Cognitive Reasoning Processes and Identity Achievement: Mediating Role of Identity Processing Styles
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Tung Suninder
Published: October 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the direct as well as indirect effect (through identity processing styles) of cognitive reasoning processes (rational-experiential processing systems) on identity achievement. In this model, identity processing styles serve as a catalyst for cognitive reasoning and identity achievement. For this purpose, a sample of 250 boys and 250 girls with age ranging from 15-20 years (M = 17.62; SD = 1.85) was taken. Identity Style Inventory-3 (Berzonsky, 1992), Rational Experiential Inventory-Adolescents (Marks et al., 2008), and Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity (Bennion & Adams, 1986) were administered on the sample. The mediating role of identity processing styles in the relationship of cognitive reasoning and identity achievement was investigated. The results of Multiple Hierarchical Regression analyses revealed that the relation between rational processing system and identity achievement was partially mediated by informational identity processing style. In addition, the relationship between experiential processing system and identity achievement was completely mediated by two identity processing styles-informational and normative. The current study findings were considered in terms of socio-cognitive model of formation of identity.
Construction and Validation of Fida and Najam Job Autonomy Scale for Employees
Authors: Kashif Fida Muhammad , Najam Najma
Published: October 2019

In this study a comprehensive scale of job autonomy was developed for Pakistani employees. In phase-I focus group discussion was used to generate forty-four items for the scale. In phase-II, pilot study was carried out. In the phase III, psychometric properties and factorial validation of Fida and Najam Job Autonomy Scale (FNJAS) was done on the sample of N =340 bank employees. Factor analysis reduced the items to twenty-eight and yielded six sub-areas of job autonomy, i.e., autonomy in decision making, autonomy in social interactions at work, autonomy in job functioning, autonomy in following system and procedures, autonomy in work decorum, and autonomy in availing refreshment time. Significant reliability coefficient (.80) was found. Discriminant and convergent validity was also established. DASS-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and Job Satisfaction Survey (Spector, 1997) were used, revealing significant validities. It has been concluded that FNJAS was reasonably reliable and valid scale for the assessment of job autonomy among the employees. This scale will help the professionals, decision makers, authorities, and employers to find out the autonomy of job, its requirements, and intensity among employees.
Validation of Piri-Muridi Scale in Pakistan through Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Younas Sana , Kamal Anila
Published: October 2019

The aim of the current study was to validate the construct validity of Piri-Muridi Scale (Hassan & Kamal, 2010). For this purpose, the data was collected from 291 individuals including men
(n = 154) and women (n = 137). Participants belonged from four provinces of Pakistan; Punjab (n = 110), Azad Kashmir (n = 60), Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (n = 61), and Sindh (n = 60). The analysis was done by using AMOS for the purpose of establishing construct validity of Piri-Muridi scale. The indices of fit, items loading, and squared multiple correlations showed good model fit. Further, convergent validity of Piri-Muridi scale also showed significant positive correlation with Spirituality Index of Well Being (Daaleman, 2004; translated by Manzoor, 2014) and Bonding to God scale (Saleem, 2004). Reliability analysis and internal consistency also revealed satisfactory values. Moreover, province wise comparison of study participants was also analyzed and the findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature. Overall, this study helped to establish a valid and reliable measure for future studies on Piri-Muridi in Pakistan.
Perceived Physical Attractiveness and Sexual Esteem Among Male and Female Adult
Authors: Shaheen Sidrah , Batool Farwa
Published: October 2019

The current study was designed to investigate the relationship of perceived physical attractiveness and sexual esteem among Pakistani women and men. Role of gender and marital status on the study variables was also explored. The sample consisted of 320 adults (130 men and 190 women) with age range of 18 to 35 years. Sample was taken from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire – Appearance Scale MBSRQ-AS (Cash, 2000) was used to measure perceived physical attractiveness. Sexual esteem was measured by the subscale of Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire (Snell, 1998). The findings indicated that Appearance Evaluation, Appearance Orientation, and Body Area Satisfaction were positively correlated to sexual esteem, whereas overweight preoccupation was negatively correlated with sexual esteem. Gender differences on the variables indicated that appearance evaluation was higher among men as compared to females. The moderation analysis showed that the significant negative relationship between overweight preoccupation and sexual esteem in men only, whereas sexual esteem of women was not unaffected through all levels of overweight preoccupation. The study findings provided a better insight into the role played by perceived physical attractiveness and need of sexual esteem among both genders. Findings were discussed in cultural context. Further, implications of the study were considered and discussed.
Effects of Mindfulness and Sufi Meditation on Anxiety and Mental Health of Females
Authors: Gul Lubna , Farhana Jehangir Syeda
Published: October 2019

The present study is designed to compare two different types of meditations, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Programme (MBSRP; Zinn, 2003) and Sufi Meditation (SM) in the treatment of neurotic anxiety and enhancement of mental health in female population. The study is comprised of a total of 200 participants upon whom Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS; Hamilton, 1959) was administered and two groups of subjects each comprising of 50 (n = 50) subjects with high anxiety and 50 (n = 50) with low anxiety scores (n = 100) derived, further bifurcated into four subgroups wherein 25 (n = 25) subjects with low anxiety randomly assigned to both groups and remaining 25 (n = 25) with high anxiety assigned randomly to each groups. Pre- and post-test measures on HAS and Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989) for both groups was obtained and analyzed. The overall results of study showed that Mindfulness meditation group showed significantly higher score on HAS as compared to Sufi meditation group. According to the results, Sufi meditation was more effective in lowering anxiety and enhancing mental health, since it matches the belief system of the population. Hence results provide a base for future research to combine both types of meditations developing a new healing dimension.
Cyberbullying in Pakistan: Positioning the Aggressor, Victim, and Bystander
Authors: Shaban Rafi Muhammad
Published: October 2019

This study explores cyberbullying prevalence, causes, reasons, and preventive measures from the perspective of victims and bystanders. The data were gathered from 329 male and female students of different age groups through an open-ended questionnaire and cyberbullying confession pages. Constructivist thematic framework was applied to look for commonly emerging patterns in the data. The study revealed that the likelihood to become a victim to cyberbullying decreased with an increase in age. However, there was no association between gender and cyberbullying. The study showed that various linguistic resources were exploited by the aggressors to victimize the participants. However, being sophomoric users of social media sites and having offline disputes were the core reasons of cyberbullying among a majority of victims. The participants valued the support of parents and friends, and showed faith in the preventive measures taken by educational institutes and Federal Investigation Agency, Pakistan against cyberbullying assaults. Findings from this study contribute to the research on cyberbullying, which is still in its infancy in Pakistan and may help in formulating cyberbullying prevention program.
Relationship between Academic Boredom, Learning Climate and Academic Motivation Among University Students
Authors: Khan Saira , Sadia Rayna , Zahid Hayat Saba , Tahir Sonia
Published: October 2019

The present research aimed at exploring the relationship between academic motivation, learning climate (Autonomy supported) and academic boredom among university students. In addition to this it aimed at confirming the mediating role of learning climate in relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic boredom among students studying in Universities of Pakistan. For the present study data was collected from 399 university students. The age of the sample ranged from 17 to 35 years (M = 21.45,
SD = 2.40). Reliability coefficients of all the variables ranged from .65-.89 (Class Related Boredom Scale = .89, Learning Climate Questionnaire =.88, Academic Motivation Scale = .82, Intrinsic Motivation = .81, Extrinsic Motivation = .81, and A Motivation =.65). Further correlational analysis indicated a negative relationship of classroom related boredom with learning climate and intrinsic motivation. However, class related boredom was found to have positive relationship with extrinsic and a motivation. Learning climate (autonomy supportive) showed positive relation with intrinsic motivation. Based upon literature, mediation analysis was carried out which confirmed the mediating role of learning climate (autonomy supportive) in relation between intrinsic motivation and academic boredom. In the light of existing literature, findings were discussed, and suggestions were given for future researches.
Yabancı Dile Yönelik Kaygı, Özyeterlik ve Tutum Arasındaki ilişkiler
Authors: TUNCER Murat , AKMENÇE Ahmet Egemen
Published: October 2019

Bu
araştırmanın genel amacı, yabancı dil dersine yönelik kaygı, özyeterlik ve tutum
arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Bu amaçla araştırma örnekleminden yabancı
dile yönelik kaygı, tutum ve özyeterlik ölçeklerinin uygulanması suretiyle
veriler toplanmıştır. Betimsel tarama
modeline göre yürütülen araştırmanın örneklemini, 2018-2019
Eğitim-Öğretim yılında, Elazığ il merkezindeki devlet ortaokullarında öğrenim gören
toplam 594 10,11 ve 12 sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Korelasyon analizi
sonucunda yabancı dile yönelik kaygı, tutum ve özyeterlik algıları arasında
pozitif ve anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çoklu regresyon analizi
Stepwise metoduna göre iki model üretilmiştir. İlk modele göre tutum
özyeterliğe ait varyansın yüzde 40.6’sını açıklamaktadır. İkinci modelde
yabancı dile yönelik kaygının eklenmesi ile bu oran yüzde 41.8’e çıkmıştır. Bu
bulgulara göre yabancı dil kaygısı ve yabancı dile yönelik tutum yabancı dil
özyeterliği açısından dikkate alınması gereken değişkenlerdir. Eğitim-Öğretim
süreçlerinde yabancı dil özyeterlik algılarının arttırılmasında kaygı ve tutum
işlevsel araçlar olarak değerlendirilebilir.
The Origins of a Chinese Public Sphere. Local Elites and Community Affairs in the Late Imperial Period
Authors: Rankin Mary Backus
Published: October 2019

An intermediate public sphere emerged between state and society in early seventeenth-century China. This sphere is analogous to the public sphere described by Jiirgen Habermas for western Europe. However, it took a different local and managerial form, and was related to commercial and demographic growth and the rise of gentry-merchant society rather than capitalism and a bourgeoisie. The growth of the sphere was reflected in an expansion of the meaning of public (gong) through association with extrabureaucratic activities and by its connection to terms indicating cooperative community action and voluntary efforts separate from the state. Its steady expansion institutionalized local elite public roles, increased organizational capacities, and added to the public space for meeting and discussion. The slow alteration of the balance between state and society prepared the way for more transformative changes after the Taiping rebellion. organizational capacities, and added to the public space for meeting and discussion. The slow alteration of the balance between state and society prepared the way for more transformative changes after the Taiping re¬ bellion.
Langage bureaucratique et histoire : Variations autour du Grand Conseil et de l'ambassade Macartney
Authors: Durand Pierre-Henri
Published: October 2019

Lorsque Lord Macartney et ses compagnons arrivèrent à la cour de Qianlong en 1793, le Grand Conseil était dans son âge d'or. Après plus d'un demi-siècle d'existence, il était devenu si essentiel que, selon le Monarchs and Ministers de Beatrice Bartlett, le souverain était tombé dans la dépendance de ses proches ministres : l'empire autocratique s 'était mué en une monarchie des conseillers. Les Britanniques suscitèrent un flot de documents entre les hauts fonctionnaires chargés de les conduire et le Trône — l'empereur et le Grand Conseil. En prêtant attention au mot et à la forme, l'article met en évidence une diplomatique administrative et souligne le faible rende¬ ment informatif d'un langage pris dans l'étau des répétitions, des conven¬ tions et des stéréotypes. Les témoignages des Anglais éclairent les clichés, occultations et silences des archives chinoises ; il révèlent les limites de la matière officielle pour appréhender la complexité de la réalité histori¬ que et les dessous du jeu politique. Le brillant Soulstealers de Philip Kuhn sur le grand procès de sorcellerie de 1 768 illustre la difficulté pour 1 ' historien de saisir les hommes et les acteurs derrière les représentations du langage bureaucratique. Son modèle d'une monarchie bureaucratique laissant une large part à l'arbitraire impérial semble peu compatible avec la monarchie ministérielle de Beatrice Bartlett.