bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Economic Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Romania: A Broad Perspective
Authors: Nicolescu Alin Codrut , Strilciuc Stefan , Lapadatu Rozalina , Grad Diana Alecsandra , Vladescu Cristian , Olteanu Rodica
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common dermatological condition, is often associated with significant economic and social burdens. Despite extensive studies globally, there is a gap in understanding the impact of this condition in Romania. This study evaluated the economic burden of AD in Romania, considering both direct and indirect costs. Materials and methods: A cost of illness study, conducted from a broad perspective, considering 2022 as a reference, using top-down and bottom-up approaches and retrospective and prospective data sources was used to assess direct medical costs (treatments, medical services, hospitalizations), direct non-medical costs (associated costs due to transportation, accommodation), and indirect costs (productivity losses) across four costing scenarios. Results: In 2022, the total cost of atopic dermatitis in Romania was €29,810,077.2 for adult patients and €133,635,535.2 for pediatric patients, based on a prevalence-based approach, and €5,529,867.8 for adults and €53,175,049.1 for pediatric AD patients when using an incidence-based approach. Medical costs had the highest attributable share of the AD cost for adult patients while productivity costs (inquired by caregivers) had the highest share for pediatric AD patients in both approaches. The overall average annual cost per patient ranged, depending on the scenarios, between €284.72 and €1,045 for adult AD patients and between €293.73 and €9,558.52 for pediatric AD patients. Discussion: Our results show the increased burden among pediatric AD patients emphasizing the need that future policy interventions should be tailored according the patients’ age.
Ontological Reality of Time in Quantum Theory
Authors: Sahin Inanç , Alumur Gazi
Published: November 2024

In this paper we consider time as a property of a preparation or a quantum system and investigate whether it is an epistemic property according to Harrigan and Spekkens’ criterion [Found Phys 40, 125–157 (2010)]. To be precise, using a tabletop setup where the predictions of quantum mechanics and general relativity can be combined, we prepare a quantum state such that it is a quantum superposition of the diﬀerent durations ticked by a quantum mechanical clock moving in spacetime. Such a preparation provides a quantum system that includes time as an intrinsic property. Indeed, changing the weights in the superposition changes the time as an expectation value as well as the possible diﬀerent clock readings and histories. With a proof similar to the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph (PBR) theorem [Nature Phys 8, 475–478 (2012)], it is shown that time in quantum theory is not an epistemic notion, but has ontological reality. In fact, the PBR theorem implies an ontic notion of time. Indeed, by proving that the quantum state is a physical property, the PBR theorem requires quantum state reduction to be a physical process. In this case, quantum probabilities are intrinsic probabilities without epistemic origin, and they generate a genuinely new sequence of events. This novelty introduced by quantum probabilities can be interpreted as time. However, although the PBR theorem implies this result, it does not prove it. First, an additional assumption is required to ensure the intrinsic character of quantum probabilities. Second, the PBR theorem is not constructed to prove that time is ontic, but to prove that ψ is ontic. All these issues are discussed in detail in the paper.
On the Natural Numbers that cannot be Expressed as a Sum of Two Primes
Authors: Szabó Peter
Published: November 2024

In the article, we define a sequence F: F(0) = 2, F(1) = 10, F(2) = 16, F(3) = 22, F(4) = 26, F(4) = 28, · · · , F(i) = F(i − 1) + l, where the number l ≤ 8 is defined by using prime numbers and matrix algebra. The sequence includes only even numbers and can be used to define a series of numbers F(i) + 1, the non-Goldbach sequence, that contains all numbers that cannot be written as the sum of two primes. The result is related to Goldbach’s conjecture. The famous Goldbach conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes.
The Riemann Hypothesis: An Approach via Mellin and Widder-Lambert Type Transforms
Authors: Gonzalez Benito , Negrín Emilio
Published: November 2024

IIn this paper we derive a Plancherel theorem specific for a WidderLambert type integral transform by employing the corresponding Plancherel theorem for the classical Mellin transform. These findings lead us to explore a class of functions in connection with Salem’s equivalence to the Riemann hypothesis.
Citizen Science on Maritime Traffic: Troubled Waters for Fish Conservation
Authors: Iglesias Lucía Rivas , García-Vázquez Eva , López Verónica Soto , Dopico Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Maritime traffic accounts for more than 90% of world trade. Noise, pollution, and litter are its drawbacks, affecting especially vulnerable migratory fish. Here, a motivated team of citizen scientists analyzed maritime traffic from three estuaries of the south Bay of Biscay and three from the south of the Iberian Peninsula, where the European eel is critically endangered, during the season of the entrance of glass eels. More than 164,000 data about ship types and positions were collected. Results showed that traffic differences between estuaries would explain, at least partially, the different eel conservation status. The participants appreciated learning about ships and nature conservation and acquiring awareness of the real volume of shipping and its potential impacts. All the citizen scientists, new and experienced, would like to get involved in ocean research again.
4-Hydroxynonenal from Mitochondrial and Dietary Source Causes Lysosomal Cell Death for Lifestyle-related Diseases
Authors: Yamashima Tetsumori
Published: November 2024

Excessive consumption of vegetable oils such as soybean and canolla oils containing ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, is considered one of the most important epidemiological factors leading to the progression of lifestyle-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of vegetable oil-induced organ damage is incompletely elucidated. Since proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamus are related to the control of appetite and energy expenditure, their cell degeneration/death is crucial for the occurrence of obesity. In the patients with metabolic syndrome, saturated fatty acid especially palmitate is used as an energy source. Since abundant reactive oxygen species are produced during β-oxidation of the palmitate in mitochondria, an increased amount of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is endogenously generated from linoleic acids constituting cardiolipin of the inner membranes. Further, due to the daily intake of deep-fried foods and/or high-fat diets cooked by vegetable oils, exogenous 4-HNE being generated via lipid-peroxidation during heating, is incorporated into the blood. By binding with atheromatous and/or senile plaques, 4-HNE inactivates proteins via forming hybrid covalent chemical addition compounds, and causes cellular dysfunction and tissue damage by the specific oxidation, carbonylation. 4-HNE overstimulates G protein-coupled receptors to induce abnormal Ca2+ mobilization and µ-calpain activation. These endogenous and exogenous 4-HNE synergically causes POMC neuronal degeneration/death and obesity. Then, the resultant metabolic disorder facilitates degeneration/death of hippocampal neurons, pancreatic β-cells, and hepatocytes. Hsp70.1 is a molecular chaperone which is crucial for both the protein quality control and the stabilization of lysosomal limiting membranes. Focusing the monkey hippocampus after ischemia, previously we formulated the ‘calpain-cathepsin hypothesis’, i.e., calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70.1 is a trigger of programmed neuronal death. This review aims to report that in diverse organs lysosomal cell degeneration/death occurs via the calpain-cathepsin cascade after the consecutive injections of synthetic 4-HNE in monkeys. Presumably, 4-HNE is a root substance of lysosomal cell death for lifestyle-related diseases.
Spatial and Genetic Diversity of Clinical Isolates of Blastocystis in Italy: A Network Analysis
Authors: Guadano-Procesi Isabel , Berrilli Federica , Di Cave David
Published: November 2024

Blastocystis is a common intestinal protist with global distribution, frequently found in humans and various animals. Despite its prevalence, its role in human health remains debated, oscillating between being a harmless commensal and a potential pathogen, also linked to gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syn-drome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In Italy, the genetic and spatial diversity of Blastocystis remains understudied, despite the country's diverse urbanized and environmental landscapes. This study focuses on the haplotypic and spatial diversity of clinical isolates of Blastocystis across two different Italian regions, with an emphasis on subtype distribution and genetic variation. Using a network-based haplotype analysis, the study reveals a heterogeneous subtype distribution, with subtype ST4 being the most prevalent, followed by ST3, ST1, and ST2. Notably, ST4 shows limited haplotypic variation, suggesting a more stable population structure potentially linked to a human-adapted lineage. In contrast, ST1 and ST2 exhibit greater genetic diversity, likely due to ongoing zoonotic transmission. These findings contribute to understanding the epidemiology of Blastocystis in Italy and highlight the need for further research on its pathogenic potential and transmission dynamics.
Atmospheric Electricity and Ionospheric Effects of The Shiveluch Volcano Eruption on 10 April 2023
Authors: Smirnov Sergey , Pulinets Sergey , Bychkov Vasily
Published: November 2024

The full range of effects of strong volcanic eruptions on the electrical characteristics of the atmosphere is not yet fully understood. On April 10, 2023, the largest in recent decades eruption of the Shiveluch volcano in Kamchatka occurred. At the same time, a sharp increase in electron concentration was observed in the F layer of the ionosphere above the volcano. Simultaneously, at a distance of 450 km from the volcano, an intense anomaly was observed in the vertical component of the electric field potential gradient in the surface atmosphere. At this distance, the anomaly could not have been caused by a space charge of volcanic ash. The article examines the atmospheric-electrical effects of a volcanic eruption and proposes a physical mechanism for these phenomena. The formation of strong electric field splash as result of volcano eruption was confirmed by the consecutive Shiveluch volcano eruption on 18 August 2024.
Genome-Wide Identification of XTH Multigene Family in Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and Their Expression Patterns Under Different Environmental Stresses
Authors: Refaiy Mohamed , Tahir Muhammad , Jiao Lijun , Zhang Xiuli , Zhang Huicheng , Chen Yuhan , Xu Yaru , Song Shuang , Pang Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

The Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family, a group of cell wall-modifying enzymes, plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. The quality and yield of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) fruit are significantly impacted by environmental stresses, including excessive salinity, drought, freezing, and disease. However, there has no report of the XTH encoding genes present in Chinese jujube genome and their response transcription level under various stresses. This study provides an in-depth analysis of ZjXTH genes in genome of Chinese jujube and elucidating their structural motifs, regulatory networks, and expression patterns under various stresses. A total of 29 ZjXTH genes were identified from Ziziphus jujuba genome. Phylogenetic analysis classifies ZjXTH genes into four distinct groups, while conserved motifs and domain analyses reveal coordinated xyloglucan modifications, highlighting key shared motifs and domains. Interaction network predictions suggest that ZjXTHs may interact with proteins such as Expansin-B1 (EXPB1) and Pectin Methylesterase 22 (PME22). Additionally, cis-regulatory element analysis enhances our understanding of Chinese jujube plant's defensive systems, where TCA- and TGACG-motifs process environmental cues and orchestrate stress responses. Expression profiling revealed differential regulation of ZjXTH genes under various stress conditions. Under salt stress, ZjXTH1 was upregulated, while ZjXTH6, and ZjXTH13 were downregulated, with ZjXTH3 and ZjXTH19 exhibiting negative regulation. In response to drought, ZjXTH5 showed upregulation, whereas ZjXTH7, -25, -13 were downregulated, and ZjXTH13 and ZjXTH19 were negatively regulated. Furthermore, under cold conditions, ZjXTH14 and ZjXTH18 were upregulated, while ZjXTH22, -23, -28, -29 were downregulated, and ZjXTH20 exhibited negative regulation. Additionally, phytoplasma infection induced the upregulation of ZjXTH1, -3, -5, with ZjXTH6, -7, -11, -16, -25 being downregulated, and ZjXTH20 showing negative regulation. Collectively, these findings deepen our understanding of the functional roles of Chinese jujube XTHs, emphasizing their regulatory function in adaptive responses in Chinese jujube plants.
Application of Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) to Study the Visual-Spatial Network and Prevent Neglect in Brain Tumour Surgery
Authors: Bonaudo Camilla , Castaldi Elisa , Pedone Agnese , Capelli Federico , Enderage Don Shani , Pieropan Edoardo , Bianchi Andrea , Gobbo Marika , Maduli Giuseppe , Fedi Francesca , Baldanzi Fabrizio , Troiano Simone , Maiorelli Antonio , Muscas Giovanni , Battista Francesca , Campagnaro Luca , De Pellegrin Serena , Amadori Andrea , Fainardi Enrico , Carrai Riccardo , Grippo Antonello , Della Puppa Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Objective: Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) has been little used to study Visuo-spatial (VS) circuits so far. Our work studies: I) VS functions in neurosurgical oncological patients by using repetitive nTMS (rnTMS); II) the possible subcortical circuits underneath. III) the correspondence between nTMS and Direct Cortical Stimulation (DCS) during awake procedures. Methods: We designed a monocentric prospective study, adopting a protocol to use rnTMS for preoperative planning, including VS functions for lesions potentially involving the VS network, including neurosurgical awake and asleep procedures. nTMS-based-DTI tractography allowed visualization of subcortical circuits. Statistical analyses on n TMS/DCS points were performed. Clinical results were collected pre- and postoperatively. Results: Finally, 27 patients with primitive intra-axial brain lesions were enrolled between April 2023-March 2024. Specific tests and an experimental integrated VS test (VISA) were used. The clinical evaluation (at 5±7, 30±10, 90±10 days after surgery) documented 33% of patients with ne-glect in the left hemisphere four days after surgery, and during 3-months-follow-up preservation of visuospatial function/clinical recovery [90.62% in MMSE, 98.86% in Bell Test, 80% in Clock test, 98% in OCS test]. The surgical strategy was modulated according to nTMS map. Subcortical bun-dles were traced to identify those most involved in these functions: SFLII>SLFII>SLFI. Comparison of nTMS and DCS points in awake surgery (n=10 patients) documented: Sensitivity (Se)=12%, Specificity (Sp)=91.21%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV)=42%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV)=66%. Accuracy ~63.7%. Conclusions: Based on our preliminary results, nTMS is advantageous to study cognitive func-tions, minimising neurological impairment. Further analyses are needed to validate our data.
Mixed Pt-Ni Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Liu Huilong , Murshed Rubaiya , Bansal Shubhra
Published: November 2024

Cs2PtI6 is a promising photoabsorber with direct bandgap of 1.4 eV and high carrier lifetime, however, the cost of Pt inhibits its commercial viability. Here, we explore the effect of replacing Pt with earth-abundant Ni in solution-processed Cs(PtxNi1-x)(I,Cl)3 thin-films on the properties and stability of the perovskite material. Films fabricated with CsI and PtI2 precursors result in perovskite phase with bandgap of 2.13 eV which transitions into stable Cs2PtI6 with a bandgap of 1.6 eV upon annealing. Complete substitution of PtI2 in films with CsI + NiCl2 precursors results in a wider bandgap of 2.35 eV and SEM shows 2 phases- a rod-like structure identified as CsNi(I,Cl)3 and residual white particles of CsI, also confirmed by XRD and Raman spectrum. Upon extended thermal annealing, the bandgap reduces to 1.65 eV and transforms to CsNiCl3 with a peak shift to higher 2-theta. Partial substitution of PtI2 with NiCl2 in mixed 50-50 Pt-Ni-based films produces a bandgap of 1.9 eV exhibiting a phase of Cs(Pt,Ni)(I,Cl)3 composition. A similar bandgap of 1.85 eV and the same diffraction pattern with improved crystallinity is observed after 100 hours of annealing, confirming the formation of a stable mixed Pt-Ni phase.
Enhancing User Experiences in Digital Marketing through Machine Learning: Cases, Trends, and Challenges
Authors: Kaponis Alexios , Maragoudakis Manolis , Sofianos Konstantinos Chrysanthos
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence is moving at rapid speeds, which clearly affects user interaction with digital marketing applications. A huge stake for ML is to personalize content, optimize usability and target with precision. Plus it has reshaped the way businesses communicate with their audience. This paper delves into the dual applications of ML in digital marketing, while focusing mainly on how these technologies are influencing this key human-computer interface (HCI). Through a detailed analysis of ML technologies, and in particular by exploring their effectiveness and the ethical dimensions of their development, we are given the opportunity to gain a clear understanding of the potential of ML that is transforming digital commerce. Furthermore, this paper delves into the challenges as well as future trends in the HCI interface in the context of digital marketing using AI, while offering valuable insights regarding this evolving landscape and the challenges presented in it. Of particular interest is the way in which these advanced technologies have radically transformed the digital marketing landscape. The case studies presented highlight their impact on both user experience and customer retention, while also highlighting ethical issues such as data privacy and algorithmic transparency.
Short-Term Supplementation of Sauerkraut Induces Favourable Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Active Athletes: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Karačić Andrija , Zonjić Jadran , Stefanov Ena , Radolović Katja , Antonio Starcevic Antonio Starcevic , Renko Ira , Krznaric Zeljko , Ivančić Matija , Šatalić Zvonimir , Liberati Pršo Ana-Marija
Published: November 2024

Background: Since the gut microbiota is important for athlete health and performance, its optimization is increasingly gaining attention in sports nutrition, for example with whole fermented foods. Sauerkraut is a traditional fermented food rich in pro-, pre- and postbiotics, which has not yet been investigated in the field of sports nutrition. Methods: To determine whether sauerkraut could be used for gut microbiota optimization in sports nutrition a proof-of-concept study was conducted. The microbiota composition of organic pasteurized sauerkraut was analyzed, and then healthy active athletes were provided with the same sauerkraut for 10 days as an intervention. The effects of sauerkraut on the athlete’s gut microbiota, laboratory parameters and bowel function were assessed. Objectives: Significant changes in the gut microbiota composition were seen on taxonomic and functional level, independent of baseline microbiota composition, even after short-term supplementation. Most notably an increase of several health-promoting genera of family Lachnospiraceae, as well as significant alterations in metabolic pathways regarding cell wall synthesis and the metabolism of nucleotide bases. An increase in the proportion of lymphocytes and decrease in B12 vitamin levels was observed as well as a risk of indigestion in certain athletes, which significantly resolved after seven days of supplementation in all athletes. It is unclear whether the observed effects are attributable to the sauerkraut's own microbiome, or its pre- and postbiotics since it is a whole food. Our study has demonstrated that the concept of whole fermented foods, such as sauerkraut, could potentially be feasible and effective in sports nutrition for gut microbiota optimization.
A Comprehensive Review on Phase Shifters:Topologies, Types, Comparative Studies, Liquid Metal Phase Shifters, and Future Directions
Authors: Gharsalli Sana , Aloui Radhoine , Mhatli Sofien , Llamas-Garro Ignacio
Published: November 2024

RF signals are widely used in various applications such as telecommunications, wireless communication systems, and radar systems. These signals can be manipulated using phase shifters that adjust the signal's phase. This adjustment is essential for beam shaping, signal cancellation, and frequency synthesis in antenna arrays. By controlling the phase of the RF signal, phase shifters help manipulate electromagnetic waves for various applications. Therefore, as Gallo points out, phase shifters are essential for manipulating and controlling high-frequency signals. This manipulation and control is essential to improving the performance of wireless communication and radar systems and can improve signal reception and transmission.The study examines different types of phase shifters, conducts a comparative analysis of different phase shifter topologies and technologies, and highlights their respective advantages and limitations in applications. In addition, the review includes a specific study of liquid metal phase shifters. Finally, the article outlines future research directions for liquid metal phase shifters, It emphasizes the need for innovative design strategies to keep pace with the evolving wireless communications and telecommunications fields. Therefore, this article can serve as a reference for the milestones in RF phase shifter research.
Research on the Metaphorical Map Method of Cyber Potential Based on GMap
Authors: Si Dongyu , Jiang Bingchuan , Xia Qing , Wang Xiao , Liu Jingxu
Published: November 2024

Cyberspace maps aid in understanding complex, abstract cyberspace. With rapid Internet growth, cyberspace complexity has significantly increased. Traditional cyberspace maps are designed for professionals and remain challenging for non-professionals to interpret. Ordinary users often struggle with vast information and complex networks, making traditional visualization tools insufficient for public needs and calling for more intuitive representations. This study uses the metaphor of cyberspace as a familiar geographical space to simplify the understanding of internal relationships. Based on autonomous system (AS) connectivity data, a "node-link" model is created to illustrate network interactions and dependencies, forming a foundation for analysis. The GMap algorithm visualizes AS connectivity data of countries, converting them into an intuitive map for clear visualization of network composition and dynamics. Network potential and national influence in network space are considered to enhance map practicality and accuracy. A web-geography metaphor model integrates scientific and geographical elements, improving readability. The optimized GMap algorithm includes a comprehensive network strength index, displaying both connectivity and relative country strength in cyberspace. This metaphorical approach aims to simplify information complexity, making cyberspace more accessible to the general public.
Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside, Part 2 Management
Authors: Gallucci Giuseppina , Larocca Mario , Navazio Alessandro , Turazza Fabio Maria , Inno Alessandro , Canale Maria Laura , Oliva Stefano , Besutti Giulia , Tedeschi Andrea , Aschieri Daniela , Russo Antonio , Gori Stefania , Silvestris Nicola , Pinto Carmine , Tarantini Luigi
Published: November 2024

The first part of this review highlighted the evolving landscape of atherosclerosis, noting emerging cardiometabolic risk factors, the growing impact of exposomes, and social determinants of health. The prominent role of atherosclerosis in the bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer was also discussed. In this second part, we examine the complex interplay between multimorbid cardio-oncologic patients, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the harmful environments that lend a “syndemic” nature to these chronic diseases. We summarize management strategies targeting disordered cardiometabolic factors to mitigate cardiovascular disease and explore molecular mechanisms enabling more tailored therapies. Importantly, we emphasize the early interception of atherosclerosis through multifactorial interventions that detect subclinical signs (via biomarkers and imaging) to treat modifiable risk factors and prevent clinical events. A concerted preventive effort—referred to by some as a “preventome”—is essential to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis-driven chronic diseases, shifting from mere chronic disease management to the proactive promotion of “chronic health.”
Experiencing Traumatic Violence: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of One Man’s Lived Experience of a Violent Attack Involving a Knife
Authors: Partington Zoe , Walsh R. Stephen , Labhardt Danielle
Published: November 2024

A review of the violent knife crime literature suggests that the experiential perspective is one which has not been addressed in academic study. The research presented hereafter aims to address this literary gap and generate transferable knowledge relevant to the lived experience of violent knife crime. The experiential study of the single case within psychological research involves detailed examination of a particular event. Participant ‘J’ is the survivor of an extremely violent attack, involving the use of a knife, in his own home. J’s experience was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with reference to elements of the lifeworld: temporality, spatiality, intersubjectivity, and embodiment. Three themes were identified: 1. Switching from past to present tense when relaying traumatic experience, 2. Presence of redemption sequences, and 3. Making sense as a temporal process which included an additional two subthemes; ‘The long journey’, and ‘Seeking belongingness’. This case emphasises that the traumatic event is conceptualised as one part of a longer journey towards recovery, and that recovery itself is central to the experience of violent knife crime. Finally, the need to understand recovery as temporal process highlights the need to provide victims with appropriate support in order to avoid negative outcomes.
How Might Socio-Economic Aspects Impact the Settlement Patterns of Haitians and Jamaicans in U.S. cities? Focus on New York and Miami Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Alov Ivan N. , Petrović Marko D.
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the settlement of Haitians and Jamaicans at the state, county, and census tract levels in the two main population centers for these two groups: New York and Miami metropolitan areas. The authors pose the question of whether Haitians and Jamaicans fundamentally differ from African Americans in terms of settlement and socio-economic status. It is established that these two population groups are highly concentrated on a nationwide scale (in the states of Florida and New York) and in some counties (comprising metropolitan areas of New York and Miami). The authors carried out a spatial correlation analysis to identify areas of concentration of Haitians and Jamaicans in the two above-mentioned metropolitan areas. Three distinct Haitian areas, three mixed Haitian/Jamaican, and one distinct Jamaican area are found in New York. In the Miami metropolitan area, three Haitian/Jamaican areas are identified, as well as one Haitian area. The calculation of the Darden–Kamel Composite Socio-Economic Index was used to assess the socio-economic status of these areas and draw a comparison with the concentration of African Americans in these areas. The analysis revealed that the areas of concentration of Haitians and Jamaicans are relatively disadvantaged in their socio-economic status, but to a lesser extent than those of African Americans. The study also established the following pattern: in the New York metropolitan area, the higher socio-economic status is in the mixed Haitian/Jamaican areas of concentration in the central city, while in Miami, it is observed in the Jamaican areas in the suburbs.
Assessing the Guidelines on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Universities: Results of a Survey of the World’s Top 50 Universities
Authors: Ullah Midrar , Bin Naeem Salman , Kamel Boulos Maged N.
Published: November 2024

The widespread adoption of generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools in higher education has necessitated the development of appropriate and ethical usage guidelines. This study aims to explore and assess publicly available guidelines covering the use of GenAI tools in universities, following a predefined checklist. We searched and downloaded publicly accessible guidelines on the use of GenAI tools from the websites of the top 50 universities globally, according to the 2025 QS university rankings. From the literature on GenAI use guidelines, we created a 24-item checklist, which was then reviewed by a panel of experts. This checklist was used to assess the characteristics of the retrieved university guidelines. Out of the 50 university websites explored, guidelines were publicly accessible on the sites of 41 institutions. All these guidelines allowed for the use of GenAI tools in academic settings provided that specific instructions detailed in the guidelines were followed. These instructions encompassed securing instructor consent before utilization, identifying appropriate and inappropriate instances for deployment, employing suitable strategies in classroom settings and assessment, appropriately integrating results, acknowledging and crediting GenAI tools, and adhering to data privacy and security measures. However, our study found that only a small number of the retrieved guidelines offered instructions on the AI algorithm (understanding how it works), the documentation of prompts and outputs, AI detection tools, and mechanisms for reporting misconduct. Higher education institutions should develop comprehensive guidelines and policies for the responsible use of GenAI tools. These guidelines must be frequently updated to stay in line with the fast-paced evolution of AI technologies and their applications within the academic sphere.
Changes in Ginkgo Biloba’s Habitat Due to Climate Change in China
Authors: Lin Li Sheng , Huang Liu Xiao , Peng Shi , Fen Liu Jiu , Ping Zhu , Run Liu , Ping Luo Xin , Hui Zhao Hong , Yuan Xing Li , Yan Zheng , Yi Bao Ru
Published: November 2024

Ginkgo biloba, a "living fossil" with immense medicinal and conservation value, is a nationally first-class protected wild plant. However, many Ginkgo populations are under threat from habitat destruction, human exploitation, and over-harvesting, which has limited their numbers and range. Using an optimized MaxEnt model in R, this study analyzed Ginkgo distribution points and 22 ecological factors in China to explore the key environmental factors affecting its geographical distribution. The study also predicted the spatial distribution patterns and centroid changes of potential suitable areas under three different carbon emission pathways: current conditions, 2021-2040 (2030s), 2041-2060 (2050s), and 2061-2080 (2070s). The findings are as follows: (1) The optimal model parameter combination (RM = 3.2, FC = LPH) resulted in the lowest complexity and overfitting, while achieving very high prediction accuracy. (2) The key environmental factors influencing Ginkgo growth include precipitation in the driest month (20–175 mm), minimum temperature in the coldest month (-4 to 3°C), precipitation in the hottest quarter (450–2500 mm), and a temperature seasonal variation deviation greater than 580. (3) Under the three future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585), the potential suitable habitat area for Ginkgo biloba in China is expected to increase, with the distribution range migrating to higher latitudes. This study is highly significant for the ecological protection of Ginkgo, aiding in the rational planning of potential suitable areas, enhancing the monitoring of key conservation areas, and developing effective protection strategies in a timely manner.
Enhanced Image Retrieval Using Multiscale Deep Feature Fusion in Supervised Hashing
Authors: Belalia Amina , Belloulata Kamel , Redaoui Adil
Published: November 2024

In recent years, deep network-based hashing has emerged as a prominent technique, especially within image retrieval by generating compact and efficient binary representations. However, many existing methods tend to solely focus on extracting semantic information from the final layer, neglecting valuable structural details that encode crucial semantic information. As structural information plays a pivotal role in capturing spatial relationships within images, we propose the enhanced image retrieval using Multiscale Deep Feature Fusion in Supervised Hashing (MDFF-SH), a novel approach that leverages multiscale feature fusion for supervised hashing. The balance between structural information and image retrieval accuracy is pivotal in image hashing and retrieval. Striking this balance ensures both precise retrieval outcomes and meaningful depiction of image structure. Our method leverages multiscale features from multiple convolutional layers, synthesizing them to create robust representations conducive to efficient image retrieval. By combining features from multiple convolutional layers, MDFF-SH captures both local structural information and global semantic context, leading to more robust and accurate image representations. Our model significantly improves retrieval accuracy, achieving higher Mean Average Precision (MAP) than current leading methods on benchmark datasets such as CIFAR-10, NUS-WIDE and MS-COCO with observed gains of 9.5%, 5% and 11.5%, respectively. This study highlights the effectiveness of multiscale feature fusion for high-precision image retrieval.
Traffic Signal Control with Communicative Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents: a Case Study
Authors: Fazzini Paolo , Montuori Marco , Wheeler Isaac Stonewall , Campana Emilio Fortunato , Giagu Stefano , Caldarelli Guido , De Lucia Marica , Petracchini Francesco
Published: November 2024

In this study, a comprehensive examination, both theoretically and practically, is undertaken on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning algorithms (MARL). The investigation is situated within the context of real adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) scenarios, with the primary objective being to validate the algorithms theoretical framework and evaluate their effectiveness, robustness, and applicability in real-world settings. The study uses two traffic networks in the city of Bologna, Italy, as examples. Key findings underscore the necessity of situating the algorithms within the context of a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), inherently characterizing them as non-Markovian. The equations are reformulated within this framework. Simulation results reveal that one of the studied algorithms, MA2C, consistently achieves significant traffic de-congestion in the considered scenarios. In general, its performance continually improves over time, resulting in a reduction of running vehicles by a factor of approximately 70 at the conclusion of the simulation. A training strategy independent of the specific vehicle flow has been implemented, rendering it adaptable for use with various traffic loads.
Functionality of the Upper Limb in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Carpena-Niño María Gracia , Altozano-Arroyo Vanessa , Cuesta-García César , Gómez-Martínez Miguel , Zamarro -Rodríguez Belén Dolores
Published: November 2024

Objective: To analyze differences in affected upper limb functionality (grip strength, digital pinch grip, sensitivity, and manual dexterity) in a population with breast cancer, and the prediction of these factors in perceived disability.
Design: Cross-sectional, quantitative, non-randomized, descriptive study.
Setting: Eurovillas Physiotherapy and Pilates Clinic, Specialty Center of Torrejón de Ardoz, in Madrid; and Rosae, an association of women affected by breast cancer, in Valdepeñas, Spain.
Participants: A total of 42 women diagnosed with breast cancer, with neuropathic symptoms in the upper limb after receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormone therapy.
Main Measure: A 40-minute assessment, including the collection of sociodemographic data and administration of the following scales: dynamometry, Spanish Nottingham Somatosensory Assessment Stereognosis Scale, Moberg Pick-up Test, Jebsen & Taylor Hand Function Test, Disability and Shoulder Pain Index (SPADI), pinch dynamometry. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 29.0 software. Student's t-tests were used for the group comparison, and the effect size (Cohen's d) was analyzed. An analysis of variance was employed for the linear regression analysis between disability and functionality of the upper limb, considering p50 years (p=0.002). Significant differences were also found in total affected hand disability (F=6.472; D=−0.534) between the group of active and passive women (p=0.015) and in total SPADI time (p=0.026), as well as in mean digital pinch grip (F=5.419; D=.467) between the group of women with surgery ≤4 years and women with surgery >4 years previously (p=0.027). Regression analysis revealed that grip strength, digital pinch strength, hand function, and surface sensitivity are predictor variables in 25.7% of perceived shoulder pain and disability cases.
Conclusions: Breast cancer causes motor and sensory disorders in the affected upper limb and in the daily life of those with the disease, triggering disability and reduced quality of life.
Assessment of Carbon Neutrality of Comprehensive Urban Plans: A Case Study of 12 Cities in Gyeonggi–Do, Korea
Authors: Lee Ga-Eun , Kim Jin-Oh
Published: November 2024

As the severity of the climate crisis increases, the importance of preparing policies to reduce carbon is also emerging. As the Korean government announced the 2050 Carbon Neutrality Declaration, the role of the local governments become critical which led the comprehensive urban plan guideline to integrate carbon neutrality policies. However, it is difficult to predict whether it can lead to a substantial carbon reduction as the evaluation measures are absent. This study established indicators to evaluate the carbon neutrality of comprehensive urban plans using weighted AHP, and evaluated 12 cities in Gyeonggi-do. As a result, the highest-rated cities were Uijeongbu city, Osan city, and Yangju city, which presented detailed execution plans overall. The highest-rated indicators among them were ‘recognition of carbon emission’, ‘city carbon emission reduction target’, and ‘plan for industrial technology and production system for carbon reduction’, while the lowest-rated indicators were ‘coordination with other institutions’, ‘mixed-use development’ and ‘making continuously monitor, evaluate and update’.
Unrevealing the Genetic Basis of Alkaline Tolerance in Soybean Using Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Yang Xinjing , Zhang Ye , Bhat Javaid Akhter , Wang Mingjing , Zheng Huanbin , Bu Moran , Zhao Beifang , Yang Suxin , Feng Xianzhong
Published: November 2024

Alkaline stress is one of the major abiotic constraints limiting the plant growth and development. The alkaline tolerance in crop plants is a complex trait regulated by many genes. The genetic basis of alkaline tolerance is largely unknown in soybean. In this study, an integrated strategy of genomic analysis was utilized to elucidate the genetic architecture of alkaline tolerance across the panel of 326 diverse soybean cultivars. Our study revealed 28 SNPs was significantly associated with alkaline tolerance through association mapping using seven GWAS models. By considering the detection of SNPs in multiple environments and GWAS models, the genomic regions of five consistent SNPs were depicted as stable QTLs viz., qAT1, qAT4, qAT14, qAT18 and qAT20. All these five alkaline tolerance QTLs are reported for the first time. By using the in silico analysis, we detected 17 genes within physical intervals of five QTLs as putative candidates. Haplotype alleles of four candidate genes showed significant differences in the regulation of alkaline tolerance-related traits varying from two to four regulating alkaline tolerance from lowest to highest through moderate levels. The outcome of the current investigation can be used in soybean breeding programs for producing cultivars with enhanced alkaline tolerance.
SmSeLib: Smart & Secure Libraries-Navigating the Intersection of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sultana Irin , Maheen Syed Mustavi , Sunna Asura Akter , Kshetri Naresh
Published: November 2024

As libraries undergo digital transformation, these technologies redefine current services and create new opportunities for innovation. The research examines the primary applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning in libraries, including information retrieval, automation, and data analysis. This analysis examines how these technologies enhance user experiences, optimize processes, and facilitate personalized solutions. We offer insights into the digital future of libraries through the analysis of current implementations and trends. The study examines the potential advantages and obstacles of integrating AI into library systems, encompassing privacy, ethics, and the evolving responsibilities of librarians. We emphasize innovative strategies for smart library development by integrating new literature and case experiences. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse over the implementation of contemporary technologies in libraries. It offers a prospective perspective on the transformation of these institutions by AI and machine learning, along with a framework for library professionals and policymakers to create more efficient, user-focused, and innovative library services in the digital era, emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations and user-centered design in the advancement of smart libraries. This research explores the emerging concept of "smart libraries" at the intersection of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Facile Synthesis of a Cholesterol-Doxorubicin Conjugate Using Cholesteryl-4-Nitrophenolate as an Activated Ester and Biological Properties Analysis
Authors: Freitas Pedro , Maciel Dina , Jaśkowska Jolanta , Zeńczak-Tomera Kamila , Zhou Yanbiao , Yin Guoyin , Sheng Ruilong
Published: November 2024

Developing new biomolecule-drug conjugates as prodrugs is a promising area for natural products and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein, a cholesterol-doxorubicin (Chol-DOX) conjugate was synthesized using cholesteryl-4-nitrophenolate as a facile, stable, and controllable activated ester. This approach offers an alternative to the conventional HCl-emitting cholesteryl chloroformate method, semi-empirical theoretical calculations showed that cholesteryl-4-nitrophenolate exhibits moderate reactivity, higher thermodynamic stability, and a lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to cholesteryl chloroformate, suggesting cholesteryl-4-nitrophenolate could be used as a more controllable acylating agent. The structure of synthesized Chol-DOX conjugate was characterized using NMR and MS techniques. Biological properties of the Chol-DOX were analyzed with the comparison of theoretical and experimental data. This work provided a facile and controllable method to synthesize natural lipid-DOX prodrug and offered an in-depth data analysis of the related biological properties.
Pediatric Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Triggered by Concurrent Administration of Seasonal and H1N1 Influenza Vaccines: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Imataka George , Shiraishi Hideaki , Yoshihara Shigemi
Published: November 2024

Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), typically characterized by the acute onset of multifocal demyelination. The pathogenesis of ADEM remains unclear, but it is believed to be triggered by an autoimmune response, often following viral infections or vaccinations. Case report: This case report describes a 3-year-old child who developed ADEM after receiving two concurrent influenza vaccines: one for seasonal influenza and one for the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The patient presented with motor regression, mild pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and typical MRI findings of ADEM. Steroid pulse therapy resulted in rapid improvement, and the patient recovered fully without sequelae. Results: Although the influenza vaccine has been linked to ADEM in some studies, it remains uncertain whether the simultaneous administration of both vaccines contributed to the onset of ADEM. Conclusions: This case highlights the need for further research into the potential risks of administering multiple influenza vaccines simultaneously, especially in pediatric populations.
Dynamic Hemoglobin Value Associated with a Series of Perioperative Factors in Predicting the Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatric Resections for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Vlad Nutu , Andriesi-Rusu Delia , Vasilescu Alin Mihai , Bradea Costel , Chicos Andrei , Lupascu Cristian Dumitru
Published: November 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors are tumors that can develop in any organ but show a predilection for the pancreas. These can be secreting or non-secreting tumors, they can be well differentiated or poorly differentiated, or neuroendocrine carcinomas. Surgical treatment is the only treatment with curative intent, but postoperatively it shows an increased incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. We carried out a retrospective study, which included 26 patients with neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas, for whom we performed cephalic duodenopancreatectomies, distal pancreatectomies or enucleation. In our study group, the incidence of pancreatic fistula was 28%, and a series of risk factors such as the type of surgery, histological type, obesity and dynamic hemoglobin value was indicated.