bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Electrode Contacts for Clinically Effective Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential Tremor
Authors: Åström Mattias , Samuelsson Jennifer , Roothans Jonas , Fytagoridis Anders , Ryzhkov Maxim , Nijlunsing Rutger , Blomstedt Patric
Published: September 2018

Background/Aim: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established neurosurgical treatment that can be used to alleviate symptoms in essential tremor (ET) and other movement disorders. The aim was to develop a method and software tool for the prediction of effective DBS electrode contacts based on probabilistic stimulation maps (PSMs) in patients with ET treated with caudal zona incerta (cZi) DBS. Methods: A total of 33 patients (37 leads) treated with DBS were evaluated with the Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS) 12 months after surgery. In addition, hand tremor and hand function (ETRS items 5/6 and 11–14) were evaluated for every contact during stimulation with best possible outcome without inducing side effects. Prediction of effective DBS electrode contacts was carried out in a retrospective leave-one-out manner based on PSMs, simulated stimulation fields, and a scoring function. Electrode contacts were ranked according to their likelihood of being included in the clinical setting. Ranked electrode contacts were compared to actual clinical settings. Results: Predictions made by the software tool showed that electrode contacts with rank 1 matched the clinically used contacts in 60% of the cases. Contacts with a rank of 1–2 and 1–3 matched the clinical contacts in 83 and 94% of the cases, respectively. Mean improvement of hand tremor and hand function was 79 ± 21% and 77 ± 22% for the clinically used and the predicted electrode contacts, respectively. Conclusions: Effective electrode contacts can be predicted based on PSMs in patients treated with cZi DBS for ET. Predictions may in the future be used to reduce the number of clinical assessments that are carried out before a satisfying stimulation setting is defined.
Catch Me if You Can: Streptococcus pyogenes Complement Evasion Strategies
Authors: Laabei Maisem , Ermert David
Published: September 2018

The human host has evolved elaborate protection mechanisms to prevent infection from the billions of microorganisms to which it host is exposed and is home. One of these systems, complement, is an evolutionary ancient arm of innate immunity essential for combatting bacterial infection. Complement permits the efficient labelling of bacteria with opsonins, supports phagocytosis, and facilitates phagocyte recruitment to the site of infection through the production of chemoattractants. However, it is by no means perfect, and certain organisms engage in an evolutionary arms race with the host where complement has become a major target to promote immune evasion. Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. S. pyogenes is also a member of an elite group of bacterial pathogens possessing a sophisticated arsenal of virulence determinants capable of interfering with complement. In this review, we focus on these complement evasins, their mechanism of action, and their importance in disease progression. Finally, we highlight new therapeutic options for fighting S. pyogenes, by interfering with one of its main mechanisms of complement evasion.
Recanalization of Tandem Vertebrobasilar Occlusions with Contralateral Vertebral Occlusion or Hypoplasia via either Direct Passage or the SHERPA Technique
Authors: Gross Bradley A. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Jovin Tudor G.
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Tandem vertebral ostial disease with acute intracranial vertebrobasilar occlusion with contralateral vertebral occlusion or hypoplasia presents a unique challenge to the interventionalist. Methods: The authors queried a prospectively maintained institutional endovascular database from August 2013 to June 2018 for cases of endovascularly treated acute tandem vertebrobasilar occlusions in the presence of contralateral vertebral occlusive disease or hypoplasia. Demographic and presentation data, the technique, results, and clinical outcome were extracted. Results: Tandem recanalization was attempted and achieved in 5 patients with a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 3 result in 4 patients and a TICI 2c result in 1 patient. To facilitate effective manual aspiration thrombectomy for the tandem basilar occlusion, performed in all cases in 1 or 2 passes, the NeuronTM MAX sheath was advanced into the V2 after Dotter or balloon angioplasty of the diseased origin. In cases where the origin cannot be crossed/visualized, the Synchro Helper to Evaluate via Retrograde Passage an Arterial origin (SHERPA) technique, entailing the passage of a microwire retrograde via the hypoplastic contralateral vertebral artery was utilized to delineate the vertebral ostium (n = 2 cases). All but 1 patient had substantial improvement in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after the procedure. Conclusion: Recanalization of tandem vertebrobasilar occlusions with contralateral occlusion or hypoplasia is feasible. Intracranial recanalization is facilitated by the passage of a long 6F sheath into V2, and retrograde delineation of an occluded vertebral origin with a microwire may serve as a crucial adjunct.
Colposcopy in Evaluating Bleeding During the Second and Third Trimesters: Short-Term and Postpartum Implications
Authors: Frank Wolf Maya , Elon Reut , Hassan Dunia , Zarfati Doron , Diker Benjamin , Shnaider Oleg , Bornstein Jacob
Published: September 2018

Background: The etiology of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy may be obstetric or non-obstetric. Though colposcopy is generally not part of the routine evaluation of 2nd- or 3rd-trimester vaginal bleeding without obvious obstetrical cause, our department does perform colposcopy and cervical cytology testing in these patients. This study assessed the need and possible contribution of colposcopy in diagnosing the etiology of 2nd- and 3rd-trimester bleeding. Methods: Retrospective analysis of colposcopy findings from 2012–2015 in patients with 2nd- or 3rd-trimester bleeding where an obstetrical cause was not found. Data collected included demographics, obstetric data, bleeding characteristics, colposcopy results, cervical cytology testing, a sonogram directed at the placenta, and birth details. Results: Of the 168 patients who underwent colposcopy, 29 (17.3%) complained of postcoital bleeding (PCB). The following were the colposcopy results: 5 (3%) had abnormal colposcopy findings, 14 (8.3%) ectropion, 4 (2.4%) polyps, and 1 (0.6%) vaginal varices. Postpartum follow-up of women with PCB or pathologic cervical cytology testing diagnosed 1(0.6%) patient with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2–3, human papillomavirus 18 and 45 positive. Conclusions: Colposcopy diagnosed the origin of bleeding in 24 cases (13.7%). These findings support the use of colposcopy in evaluating vaginal bleeding of undetermined obstetric origin during pregnancy.
Precursor Lesions of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kim Joo Y. , Hong Seung-Mo
Published: September 2018

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Although the treatment modalities are improving, the prognosis of PDAC continues to be poor. Therefore, early detection of PDAC or its precursor lesions may be the best way to improve patient survival. PDACs have several different precursor lesions, including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPNs), intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs), and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs). PanINs cannot be identified using imaging modalities, while the other lesions are radiologically detectable. These precursor lesions are categorized based on structural and cytological atypia as low-grade and high-grade lesions. We discuss recent updates regarding histopathological and molecular pathological overviews of PDAC precursor lesions. Better understanding of such lesions may contribute to earlier detection of PDAC or its precursor lesions and improve PDAC patient survival.
A Novel Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Na sup + Current in Cultured Human Coronary Myocytes
Authors: Quignard Jean-Francois , Ryckwaert Frederique , Albat Bernard , Nargeot Joel , Richard Sylvain
Published: September 2018

Voltage-gated Na sup + currents (I
Na
s) are usually not found in arterial smooth muscle. We enzymatically isolated myocytes from the media of left coronary arteries of heart transplant patients with ischemic cardiopathy. Using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique (20 degrees C to 22 degrees C), we detected no I
Na
in any of the freshly isolated myocytes. In contrast, when the cells were grown in culture, we could record a large I
Na
. This I
Na
was characterized by a biexponential decay comprising a fast inactivating and sustained components that could not be separated by their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties. I
Na
activated at depolarizations positive to -50 mV, was maximal at 0 mV, and was available from relatively low resting membrane potentials (half-inactivation at -46 mV). I
Na
was modulated by several ligands known to bind selectively at different sites of Na sup + channels. It was blocked with high affinity by tetrodotoxin (IC
50
, [nearly =]10 nmol/L) and local anesthetics (bupivacaine and lidocaine; IC
50
, [nearly =]100 nmol/L) and by Cd
2
+ (IC
50
, [nearly =]300 micro mol/L). I
Na
was modulated by Na sup + channel agonists such as toxin AsV from Anemonia sulcata and veratridine, which slowed current kinetics dramatically. In conclusion, human coronary myocytes in culture can express an atypical tetrodotoxin-sensitive I
Na
with a large sustained component, which is expected to contribute to massive Na sup + influx into these cells. Phenotypic modulation of the expression of this I
Na
may be related to cell dedifferentiation and proliferation.
Role of Troponin I Proteolysis in the Pathogenesis of Stunned Myocardium
Authors: Gao Wei Dong , Atar Dan , Liu Yongge , Perez Nestor Gustavo , Murphy Anne M. , Marban Eduardo
Published: September 2018

Myocardial stunning is characterized by decreased myofilament Ca sup 2+ responsiveness. To investigate the molecular basis of stunned myocardium, we performed PAGE and Western immunoblot analysis of the contractile proteins. Isolated rat hearts were retrogradely perfused at 37 degrees C for either 50 minutes (control group) or for 10 minutes, followed by 20-minute global ischemia and 20-minute reperfusion (stunned group), or for 20-minute ischemia without reflow. Another group consisted of hearts subjected to 20-minute ischemia in which stunning was mitigated by 10-minute reperfusion with low Ca
2
+/low pH solution. Myocardial tissue samples subjected to PAGE revealed no obvious differences among groups. Western immunoblots for actin, tropomyosin, troponin C, troponin T, myosin light chain-1, and myosin light chain-2 showed highly selective recognition of the appropriate full-length molecular weight bands in all groups. Troponin I (TnI) Western blots revealed an additional band ([nearly =]26 kD, compared with 32 kD for the full-length protein) in stunned myocardial samples only. In parallel experiments, skinned trabeculae were treated with calpain I for 20 minutes; Western blots showed a TnI degradation pattern similar to that observed in stunned myocardium. Such TnI degradation was prevented by calpastatin, a naturally occurring calpain inhibitor. The results show that (1) TnI is partially and selectively degraded in stunned myocardium; (2) this degradation could be prevented by low Ca sup 2+/low pH reperfusion. which also prevented the contractile dysfunction of stunning; and (3) calpain I could similarly degrade TnI, supporting the idea that Ca
2
+-dependent myofilament proteolysis underlies myocardial stunning.
Rapid Release of Active Tissue Factor From Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Under Flow Conditions
Authors: Stampfuss Jan-Julius , Censarek Petra , Fischer Jens W. , Schrör Karsten , Weber Artur-Aron
Published: September 2018

Circulating tissue factor (TF) is an important determinant of coronary thrombosis. Among other cell types, such as monocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are capable of releasing TF. When studied under static conditions, SMCs do release TF, but this process is slow and, thus, cannot explain the elevated levels of circulating TF, as observed in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The present study demonstrates that cultured human mammary artery SMCs very rapidly (minutes) release active, microparticle-bound TF when exposed to flow conditions. There was a clear log-linear correlation between the shear rate (range 10 s
−1
to 1500 s
−1
) and the procoagulant activity of SMC perfusates. Flow-dependent release of TF was transient (10 minutes) and did not measurably reduce cell surface TF content. Interestingly, a time-dependent (t
1/2
30 minutes) re-exposure of releasable TF was detected after a no-flow period. These data demonstrate that SMCs may become a pathophysiologically relevant source of TF that can be rapidly released into the circulation in situations in which endothelial damage occurs and SMCs come into a close contact with the flowing blood.

(
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
. 2006;26:e34–e37.)
Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Femoropopliteal Artery Disease
Authors: Scheinert Dierk , Micari Antonio , Brodmann Marianne , Tepe Gunnar , Peeters Patrick , Jaff Michael R. , Wang Hong , Schmahl Randy , Zeller Thomas ,   on behalf of the IN.PACT Global Study Investigators
Published: September 2018

Background

The IN.PACT Global Study was an international prospective single-arm clinical trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a drug-coated balloon in the treatment of atherosclerotic disease of the superficial femoral and/or popliteal arteries (P1–P3) in subjects with intermittent claudication and/or rest pain. Prespecified subjects were selected for core-laboratory–adjudicated duplex ultrasound imaging, including a subcohort with long lesions (≥15 cm).

Methods and Results

Subjects were followed for 12 months. The primary safety end point was a composite of freedom from device- and procedure-related mortality through 30 days and freedom from major target limb amputation and clinically-driven target vessel revascularization through 12 months. An independent Clinical Events Committee adjudicated all adverse events. The primary effectiveness end point was primary patency at 12 months (by duplex ultrasound). The long lesion imaging cohort had 157 subjects (164 lesions). Mean lesion length was 26.40±8.61 cm. Provisional stents were implanted in 39.4% (63/160) of lesions. Primary patency by Kaplan-Meier estimate was 91.1%, and freedom from clinically-driven target lesion revascularization was 94.2% at 12 months. The primary safety composite end point was achieved by 94.0% (126/134) of subjects. There were no device- or procedure-related deaths or major target limb amputations.

Conclusions

The IN.PACT Admiral drug-coated balloon was safe and highly effective at 12 months after treatment in a rigorous independently adjudicated analysis of real-world subjects with lesions ≥15 cm in the superficial femoral and/or popliteal arteries (P1–P3).

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01609296.
William of Ockham on Future Contingency
Authors: Øhrstrøm Peter , Jakobsen David
Published: September 2018

In his philosophy, William of Ockham (1285-1347) offered an important and detailed response to the classical argument from the truth of a statement regarding the future to the necessity (unpreventability) of the statement. In this paper, Ockham’s solution and the possible formalisation of it are discussed in terms of modern tense and modal logic. In particular, the famous branching time formalisation suggested by A. N. Prior (1914-19) is discussed. Weaknesses and problems with this suggestion are pointed out, and an alternative formalisation of Ockham’s solution without the use of branching time is presented.
Decolonial Thinking and the Quest for Decolonising Human Rights
Authors: Barreto José-Manuel
Published: September 2018

This article offers an answer to the questions about what does it mean to think decolonially, and of how it is possible to decolonise human rights. It describes decolonial thinking as a material dialectics of a critique of Eurocentrism, a rescue of Third-World perspectives, and a dialogue between the two. It then takes this threefold movement of consciousness and political action to the field of human rights, and thematises some exemplars of each of the three moments, and of models of the decolonisation of human rights, including that of re-writing their history.
No evidence of mirror self-recognition in keas and Goffin’s cockatoos
Authors: van Buuren M. , Auersperg A. , Gajdon G. , Tebbich S. , von Bayern A.
Published: September 2018

So far only one bird species, a corvid, passed the mark test for mirror self-recognition (MSR) although the results have been questioned. We examined the capacity for MSR in another large-brained avian taxon, parrots, with keas (Nestor notabilis) and Goffin’s cockatoos (Cacatua goffini). After several weeks of mirror habituation, they were subjected to the mark test using different marks and mark placements while facing horizontal and vertical mirrors simultaneously. The keas had an additional control condition in which their reaction towards a marked or non-marked conspecific behind a transparent partition was compared to their own reflection. No evidence of MSR was found in either species. Keas responded to their reflection comparably to a conspecific behind a clear separation. Goffin’s cockatoos showed fewer social responses towards their horizontal reflection compared to their vertical reflection, suggesting that they may interpret them differently.
Globalising the History of Capital: Ways Forward
Authors: Banaji Jairus
Published: September 2018

Anievas and Nişancıoğlu’s attempt to shift the terms of the debate about early modern capitalism by a major widening of its perspectives is a welcome move. Accepting this, the paper suggests that their argument can be more forcefully made if the theoretical residues of earlier traditions of Marxist historical explanation are purged from the way they expound that argument. The most ambivalent of these relates to their continued use of the idea of a ‘coexistence of modes of production’. This permeates the confused way they present Atlantic slavery. A second, comparable source of confusion concerns their description of the relationship between merchant capital and the absolutist state. The alliance between the modern state and mercantile capital is radically misrecognised thanks to an uncritical espousal of Anderson’s view of absolutism. The paper suggests that Anievas and Nişancıoğlu might have written a stronger book had they reconceptualised the economic history of capitalism by allowing for a whole epoch dominated by powerful groups of merchant capitalists. In conclusion, I argue (paceMarx) that the commercial capital of the later middle ages/early modern period was the first form in which production began to be subordinated to capital.
Against Hybridism: Why We Need to Distinguish between Nature and Society, Now More than Ever
Authors: Malm Andreas
Published: September 2018

It is fashionable to argue that nature and society are obsolete categories. The two, we are told, can no longer be distinguished from one another; continuing loyalty to the ‘binary’ of the natural and the social blinds us to the logic of current ecological crises. This article outlines an argument for the opposite position: now more than ever – particularly in our rapidly warming world – we need to sift out the social components from the natural, if we wish to understand the crises and retain the possibility of intervening in them. Tracing the current of hybridism to the writings of Bruno Latour, this article ends with a critique of the foremost proponent of a hybridism in Marxist garb: Jason W. Moore. Against his theories, it suggests that historical materialism is a form of property dualism that distinguishes between social and natural relations while considering them equally material in substance. That is also the analytical premise of ecological class hatred, the flames of which ecological Marxism seeks to fan.
On Religious Issues in Contemporary Azerbaijan
Authors: Cohen Ronen A. , Petrova Olga
Published: September 2018

The structural tensions that exist in the religious dynamics between Shi‘its and Sunnis in Azerbaijan Republic has led the country’s government to establish a new institution to monitor and supervise the religious issues. This article not only aims to surface the tensions between the “State Committee for Religious Affairs” and the informal religious institutions, but also to show if the secular image of the Azerbaijani State has been affected by this tensions.
English Worldwide Freezing Orders in Europe
Authors: Okoli Pontian N.
Published: September 2018

A judgment creditor who obtains a freezing order in one EU Member State may seek to enforce it in another Member State. When judgment creditors seek to enforce such orders, the judgment debtors may appeal against the enforcement orders. This article examines how protective measures can be guaranteed pending such enforcement appeals under the Brussels legal regime. Relevant legal provisions and the case law of the Court of Justice are considered. There is also an examination of the recent English response to the Brussels legal regime and an argument that the judgment creditor is entitled to protective measures. Drawing support from public policy and mutual trust considerations, this article concludes that exercising judicial discretion in granting protective measures pending appeals undermines legal certainty.
Description of four new species of freshwater gobies from the Black River drainage in China and Vietnam (Teleostei: Gobiidae)
Authors: ENDRUWEIT MARCO
Published: September 2018

Four new species of Rhinogobius Gill 1859 are described from the Black River drainage in China and Vietnam. Rhinogobius coccinella, new species, and R. nanophyllum, new species, are described from the Mengyejiang River in Yunnan, China. Rhinogobius coccinella is diagnosed by having the cheek and operculum with about 25 large dark spots and branchiostegal membrane unmarked; caudal-peduncle depth 11–12% SL; 1–5 predorsal scales; 27–30 midlateral scales; and 28 vertebrae. Rhinogobius nanophyllum is diagnosed by having the cheek, operculum and pectoral-fin base with about 90 indistinct white marks, caudal fin plain-colored, second dorsal fin magnified with a very broad dark gray median band and a broad white proximal band in males; caudal-peduncle length 22–25% SL and pectoral-fin length 21–24% SL in males; head width at operculum 53–58% HL in males, 58–61% HL in females; 0 predorsal scales; 8–10 branched rays in the second dorsal fin; 7–8 branched anal-fin rays; and 28 vertebrae. Rhinogobius ngutinhoceps, new species, is described from the Nam Na River in Lai Chau, Vietnam. It differs from all congeners by the presence of a supraotic pore β; cheek and operculum with about 65 dark marks and branchiostegal membrane unmarked in males; snout pointed; lower jaw conspicuously protruding; predorsal length 40–41% SL; 12–15 predorsal scales; and 29 vertebrae. Rhinogobius phuongae, new species, is described from the Nam Mu River in Lai Chau, Vietnam, and is diagnosed by having the cheek with about 25 indistinct dark spots and branchiostegal membrane with pale spots in males; operculum unmarked; flank plain-colored in males; a conspicuous black blotch between spines I and III of the first dorsal fin; unpaired fins with a very broad white distal band; pectoral-fin length 20–21% SL; 8–10 predorsal scales; 8–9 branched rays in the second dorsal fin; and 28 vertebrae. A key to the species of Rhinogobius occurring within the Red River drainage is given.
Two new species of Sochinsogonia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Philippines
Authors: FENG LING , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , ZHANG YALIN
Published: September 2018

Two new species, Sochinsogonia multimacula and S. radicalia spp. nov., of the genus Sochinsogonia Young from Philippines are described and illustrated. A key to distinguish this genus from closely related Oriental genera is provided. A species checklist of the genus is also provided.
Unique fractional calculus engineering laboratory for learning and research
Authors: Khubalkar Swapnil , Junghare Anjali , Aware Mohan , Das Shantanu
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a novel prototype laboratory is presented for engineering education, in which experiments are based on the fractional calculus. The prototypes of analog and digital fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are built in the laboratory. These fractional-order PID controllers are applied to linear and nonlinear plants to demonstrate the effectiveness of fractional-order calculus in real time. These experiments are designed, developed, and implemented on the analog and digital platforms. These controllers are integrated to control the DC motor, brushless DC motor, and magnetic levitation modules through hardware-in-loop as well as stand-alone systems. The analog type of fractional-order PID implementation is carried out by using passive components (i.e. resistances and capacitances) with an operational amplifier. However, real-time digital implementation is carried out using field-programmable gate array and digital signal processor. This paper describes how the experiments on fractional calculus can be tailored for graduate, undergraduate students’ education and extended for research in this emerging area.
Existential Psychotherapy Supervision: The Supervisor’s Perspective
Authors: Silva Sara , Sousa Daniel
Published: September 2018

Supervision is a cross-disciplinary practice among various professional groups. This study focuses on clinical supervision as a practice linked to psychology and psychotherapy. The literature highlights the need to expand and consolidate knowledge in this area. Specifically, in the few existing approaches to research on existential supervision, the need for the systematization of knowledge is clear. The use of qualitative methods is recognized as an approach that is likely to enrich knowledge of supervision. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the theme of clinical supervision, particularly as it relates to existential psychotherapy, from the supervisor’s perspective to assess insights from the experience of each participant. Method: The three participants are both existential psychotherapists and supervisors that apply the same approach, in group mode, in the context of psychotherapist training. The data were collected using phenomenological interviews. A comprehensive analysis of the transcripts of the interviews was performed using the phenomenological method. Results: Emerging themes presented a general meaning structure that represents eidetic dimensions and how they are related. The eidetic dimensions, relationship and responsiveness, arise in the existential approach as the foundational and promotional aspects of successful supervision.
On the Vienna Corso: Changing street use and street design around the Vienna State Opera House 1860–1949
Authors: Gruber Carmen , Raminger Kathrin , Shibayama Takeru , Winder Manuela
Published: September 2018

Technological changes have opened up new opportunities for historical research, which call for new methodologies to fully realise these opportunities. This paper presents the four-step interactive photo timeline analysis we developed to analyse large volumes of historical photographs from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective. We present the results of a case study (regarding both street design and street use in Vienna from 1860 to 1949) in which we utilised interactive photo timeline analysis. The geographical research scope was limited to the streets around the Vienna Opera: street use and street design were analysed from the perspective of the street as transportation space and as urban living space. The development of the interactive photo timeline analysis methodology and the case study analysis benefited greatly from the interdisciplinary nature of the research team.
Transformational Resistance and Parent Leadership: Black Parents in a School District Decision-Making Process
Authors: Freelon Rhoda
Published: September 2018

This study examines the voices of parents that emerged during a citywide movement to influence a school district’s decisions on school closings. The work explores the experiences of parent leaders who reside in a working-class Black community in Chicago where four schools were impacted by the closures. In the context of Chicago, I characterize parents’ organizing efforts as a form of transformational resistance. By examining the activist efforts of parent leaders, the work documents how parents of color can shape key reforms and highlights both the potential and limitations of parent voice and community knowledge in local education reforms.
Causality in the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Sussman Reuven , Gifford Robert
Published: September 2018

The theory of planned behavior proposes that behavior is predicted by behavioral intention which is, in turn, predicted by three base components: attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms regarding the behavior, and perceived control over the behavior. Implied within this theory is that each of the three base components influence intentions, solely in that direction. However, despite being one of the most widely used theories in many areas of psychology and health sciences, few studies have tested this basic premise. Might causal influence also flow in a reverse-causal direction from intentions back to the base components? This causal sequence was tested and supported by a correlational study, a lab-based experiment, and a quasi-experimental field study. This demonstration of reverse-causal relations from intentions to the base components suggests that the theory of planned behavior should be modified to include reciprocal causal relations.
Transformable multirotor with two-dimensional multilinks: Modeling, control, and whole-body aerial manipulation
Authors: Zhao Moju , Kawasaki Koji , Anzai Tomoki , Chen Xiangyu , Noda Shintaro , Shi Fan , Okada Kei , Inaba Masayuki
Published: September 2018

A multirotor with two-dimensional multilinks is proposed to perform aerial transformation and aerial manipulation. First, a modular link structure that comprises a multirotor with a reliable internal communication system was initially developed. Second, a flight control method was further introduced on the basis of linear–quadratic–integral optimal control for aerial transformation. A relaxed hovering solution that neglects the yaw motion stability is proposed to enable stable flight under a certain singular form. Third, the transformable robot was employed as an entire gripper with regards to grasping to perform the whole-body aerial manipulation. A grasp-form searching method was developed to optimize hovering thrust force and joint torque under force-closure grasp, and was followed by an aerial approach and grasp-motion strategy to fulfill the resulting desired grasp form. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the stable aerial transformation as well as the feasibility of the whole-body aerial manipulation system to grasp and carry different types of objects.
Development of a mathematical model to analyze residual strength of composites after low-velocity impact
Authors: de Azevedo Camila Medeiros Dantas , da Cunha Rayane Dantas , Freire Junior Raimundo Carlos Silverio , de Amorim Junior Wanderley Ferreira
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to develop a model to analyze the residual strength of composites after low-velocity impact, using three-point bending and compression after impact tests. Two types of composite laminates with an orthophthalic polymer matrix were used: one reinforced with bidirectional E-glass fabric and the other reinforced with bidirectional Kevlar-49 fabric. To that end, an equation was developed to assess loss of strength and stiffness after impact at different distances from the impact point, and this equation was not found in any previously searched article. The results demonstrate that the laminate based in glass fiber is more appropriate for the repair process.
Adaptive Cruise Control Operation for Improved Motorway Traffic Flow
Authors: Spiliopoulou Anastasia , Manolis Diamantis , Vandorou Foteini , Papageorgiou Markos
Published: September 2018

This study presents an ACC (adaptive cruise control)–based traffic control strategy which aims to adapt in real time the driving behavior of ACC-equipped vehicles to the prevailing traffic conditions so that motorway traffic flow efficiency is improved. The potential benefits obtained by applying the proposed control concept are demonstrated for different ACC penetration rates by use of validated microscopic simulation applied to a real motorway stretch where recurrent traffic congestion is created under the current manual driving conditions because of an on-ramp bottleneck. The simulation results demonstrate that, even for low penetration rates of ACC vehicles, the proposed control concept improves the average vehicle delay and fuel consumption by reducing the space-time extent of congestion compared with the case of only manually driven or regular ACC vehicles.
Does Investing in Rail Transit Benefit the Poor? A Comparative Study of Rail and Bus Travel by Low-Income Households in the California Household Travel Survey
Authors: Lu Ryland
Published: September 2018

This paper addresses academic discourse that critiques urban rail transit projects for their regressive impacts on the poor and proposes bus funding as a more equitable investment for urban transit agencies. The author analyzed data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey on transit trips in Los Angeles County. The author cross-tabulated data on the modal breakdown of transit trips by household income category and on the breakdown of household income associated with trips by bus and rail transit modes. The author also comparatively evaluated the speed of trips (as a ratio of miles per hour) taken by rail and by bus by low-income households in the county. The author found convincing evidence that, on average, trips low-income households made by rail transit covered a greater distance per hour than trips taken by bus transit, but that trips made on the county’s bus rapid transit services with dedicated rights-of-way had a higher mean speed than those taken by rail. Moreover, the mode and income cross-tabulations indicate that rail transit projects only partially serve low-income households’ travel needs. To the extent that equitable transit planning entails minimizing the disparities in access, both rail and bus rapid transit projects can advance social justice if they are targeted at corridors where they can serve travel demand by low-income, transit dependent households.
Strength and Shrink/Swell Behavior of Highly Plastic Clay Treated with Geopolymer
Authors: Khadka Suraj D. , Jayawickrama Priyantha W. , Senadheera Sanjaya
Published: September 2018

This paper presents findings from an experimental study in which a novel, non-energy intensive, environmentally-friendly stabilizer known as geopolymer was used for stabilization of a highly plastic clay. Two forms of the stabilizer were synthesized, one using metakaolin (MK) and the other using fly ash (FA) as the alumino-silicate precursor. The paper describes the process of geopolymer synthesis as well as quality control tests conducted during geopolymer synthesis. Synthesized geopolymers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The paper also presents results obtained from a comprehensive laboratory test program that examined the effectiveness of the stabilizer in improving strength and controlling moisture induced swelling of a highly plastic clay soil. The geopolymer content of the soil ranged from 3% to 15% by weight ratio. SEM-EDX and XRD were performed to investigate the treated specimen for uniformity and stabilization mechanism. The data obtained from unconfined compressive strength tests conducted after seven days of curing showed three- to four-fold improvement in strength for geopolymer stabilized soils with MK geopolymer consistently providing better performance than FA geopolymer. The results from one-dimensional swell tests indicated significant reduction of swell behavior in FA geopolymer treated specimens while no improvement in swell behavior was observed in MK treated soil. This study demonstrates that, while geopolymers can overcome many limitations that exist in traditional stabilizers, the strength and swell performance of geopolymer stabilized clay soil can vary significantly depending on the source of alumino-silicate used in the production of the geopolymer.
Blast Vulnerability Assessment of Road Tunnels with Reinforced Concrete Liners
Authors: Bai Fengtao , Guo Qi , Root Kyle , Naito Clay , Quiel Spencer
Published: September 2018

Tunnels are a critical component of our transportation infrastructure, and unexpected damage to a tunnel can significantly and adversely impact the functionality of a transportation network. Tunnel systems are vulnerable to potential threats of intentional and accidental blast events because of their relatively unrestricted public access. These events can lead to spalling and breach of the tunnel liner which, depending on the surrounding media, can result in local damage and progressive collapse of the tunnel. Current approaches for evaluating blast-induced damage to a tunnel liner either require significant computational effort or oversimplification such that accurate spatial distributions of damage cannot be obtained. This study presents an effective approach to predict and map the damage to a reinforced concrete liner of a roadway tunnel from various explosive threat sizes and tunnel geometries. A literature review of existing studies is conducted, and potential scenarios of blast events are examined with varying charge position and size. Rectangular, horseshoe, and circular tunnel geometries, each with the same traffic throughput, are evaluated. An efficient analytical approach to determine the spatial distribution of blast-induced spall and breach damage is presented and shows good agreement with numerical models analyzed in LS-DYNA. The proposed approach is then used to examine the relationship between increasing blast hazard intensity and the extent of spall and breach damage. Inflection points in this relationship can be used to identify hazard levels at which a progressive collapse evaluation would be warranted.
Identifying Persistent Postconcussion Symptom Risk in a Pediatric Sports Medicine Clinic
Authors: Howell David R. , Zemek Roger , Brilliant Anna N. , Mannix Rebekah C. , Master Christina L. , Meehan William P.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Although most children report symptom resolution within a month of a concussion, some patients experience persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) that continues for more than 1 month. Identifying patients at risk for PPCS soon after an injury can provide useful clinical information.

Purpose:

To determine if the Predicting Persistent Post-concussive Problems in Pediatrics (5P) clinical risk score, an emergency department (ED)–derived and validated tool, is associated with developing PPCS when obtained in a primary care sports concussion setting.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We conducted a study of patients seen at a pediatric sports medicine concussion clinic between May 1, 2013, and October 1, 2017, who were <19 years of age and evaluated within 10 days of a concussion. The main outcome was PPCS, defined as symptoms lasting >28 days. Nine variables were used to calculate the 5P clinical risk score, and we assessed the association between the 5P clinical risk score and PPCS occurrence. The secondary outcome was total symptom duration.

Results:

We examined data from 230 children (mean age, 14.8 ± 2.5 years; 50% female; mean time from injury to clinical assessment, 5.6 ± 2.7 days). In univariable analyses, a greater proportion of those who developed PPCS reported feeling slowed down (72% vs 44%, respectively; P < .001), headache (94% vs 72%, respectively; P < .001), sensitivity to noise (71% vs 43%, respectively; P < .001), and fatigue (82% vs 51%, respectively; P < .001) and committed ≥4 errors in tandem stance (33% vs 7%, respectively; P < .001) than those who did not. Higher 5P clinical risk scores were associated with increased odds of developing PPCS (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.62 [95% CI, 1.30-2.02]) and longer symptom resolution times (β = 8.40 [95% CI, 3.25-13.50]). Among the individual participants who received a high 5P clinical risk score (9-12), the majority (82%) went on to experience PPCS. The area under the curve for the 5P clinical risk score was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66-0.84). After adjusting for the effect of covariates, fatigue (adjusted OR, 2.93) and ≥4 errors in tandem stance (adjusted OR, 7.40) were independently associated with PPCS.

Conclusion:

Our findings extend the potential use for an ED-derived clinical risk score for predicting the PPCS risk into the sports concussion clinic setting. While not all 9 predictor variables of the 5P clinical risk score were independently associated with the PPCS risk in univariable or multivariable analyses, the combination of factors used to calculate the 5P clinical risk score was significantly associated with the odds of developing PPCS. Thus, obtaining clinically pragmatic risk scores soon after a concussion may be useful for early treatments or interventions to mitigate the PPCS risk.
The Question of Profits
Authors: Hahnel Robin
Published: September 2018

Where do profits come from? Are they morally justified? Sraffians provide a clear answer to the first question but have declined to give a direct answer to the second question. This article argues that the “fundamental Sraffian theorem” implies a compelling moral critique of profits, but that this critique can be strengthened by replacing the “contribution-based” approach common among economists with a “sacrifice-based” theory consistent with work by modern egalitarian philosophers.

JEL Classification: B51, D33, D63
Teacher–Student Relationships in Special Education: The Value of the Teacher Relationship Interview
Authors: Koenen Anne-Katrien , Vervoort Eleonora , Verschueren Karine , Spilt Jantine L.
Published: September 2018

Research on teacher–student relationships is mainly based on questionnaires investigating teachers’ explicit cognitions. However, it is also important to investigate implicit processes in social interactions, such as internalized feelings. The Teacher Relationship Interview (TRI) is a narrative method aimed at assessing teachers’ (implicit) mental representations of dyadic teacher–student relationships. The TRI may provide—for researchers as well as practitioners—a deeper understanding of teachers’ implicit cognitive and emotional processes elicited in teacher–student relationships, which can be useful for psychodiagnostic assessment and relationship-focused consultation with teachers. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the TRI in a special education sample of students with symptoms of attachment disorders ( N = 80). Expected interrelations of the TRI scales were found with a widely used questionnaire of teacher–student relationships, independent observations of teacher–student interactions, and teacher perceptions of student behavior.
The Lady Knows the Recipe
Authors: Guilluy Alice
Published: September 2018

This article outlines the methodology of my PhD thesis, which examined the reception of contemporary Hollywood romantic comedy in Britain, France and Germany. I underline the significant epistemological and methodological shift which took place over the course of four years, as my research went from a positivist mixed-methods study aiming to describe national differences in reception, to a constructivist and qualitative interrogation of the specific pleasures of romantic comedy viewing as manifested by a small group of participants. I conclude that whilst there is no single perfect feminist methodology, doing feminist research must include a degree of self-introspection at all stages of the research, from recruitment to data collection to analysis.
Lifetime Suicide-Related Behavior, Violent Victimization, and Behavioral Health Outcomes: Results From a Vulnerable Population Needs Assessment
Authors: Cramer Robert J. , Johnson Kiersten L. , Nobles Matt R. , Holley Sarah R. , Desmarais Sarah L. , Gemberling Tess M. , Wright Susan , Wilsey Corrine N. , Van Dorn Richard A.
Published: September 2018

This study is concerned with two risk factors that have been independently associated with poor behavioral health: (a) lifetime suicide-related behavior (SRB) and (b) interpersonal violence victimization experiences. The purpose of this article was to assess whether the combination of SRB (ideation, attempt) and violent victimization exacerbates behavioral health symptom risk. This pattern is examined across three vulnerable population samples: community-based adults, college students, and bondage and sadomasochism (BDSM) community members. Data from a community health and sexuality survey ( n = 2,175) were collected as a health needs assessment in partnership with the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom; latent class analysis (LCA) was then employed to identify intersectionality. This paper builds on prior findings yielding two distinct violence-related classes: (a) SRB only and (b) violent victimization + SRB. Controlling for demographic covariates, analyses revealed a consistent pattern in which the violent victimization + SRB subgroup displayed significantly worse behavioral health outcomes, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, general distress, and posttraumatic stress. Membership in any of the three available samples did not moderate the latent class-behavioral health associations, suggesting the additive impact of lifetime victimization + SRB is equitable across samples. Results are consistent with social-ecological framing of shared suicide–interpersonal violence falling under the same category of public health concerns sharing risk factors and health outcomes.
The Reporting and Help-Seeking Behaviors of Cyberstalking Victims
Authors: Fissel Erica R.
Published: September 2018

Crime victims are left with multiple decisions to make in an effort to cope with and recover from their experiences being criminally victimized. For example, victims must decide if they are going to report their victimization experience to law enforcement and/or if they are going to seek help from various resources, both informal and professional entities. Research on the reporting or help-seeking behaviors of cyberstalking victims is limited, but necessary to ensure that these victims are receiving the help they need. Using self-report survey data collected from a sample of 477 cyberstalking victims, this study sought to identify the characteristics of the cyberstalking victimization experience that are associated with the victim’s decision to report the victimization to law enforcement, seek professional help, and seek informal help. Specifically, borrowing from Gottfredson and Gottfredson’s theory of decision making, the current study explored how measures of offense seriousness and the victim–offender relationship are associated with cyberstalking victims’ reporting and help-seeking behaviors. The findings revealed that cyberstalking victims who experienced more serious offenses had increased odds of engaging in reporting and both types of help-seeking behaviors. Furthermore, victims who were cyberstalked by their current intimate partner had greater odds of engaging in reporting and professional help-seeking behaviors. As this study is just one of many that are needed to gain a better understanding of the reporting and help-seeking behaviors of cyberstalking victims, directions for future research are provided.