bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI SEDERHANA DAN PERMESINAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAHLIAN RENOVASI LAMBUNG PERAHU
Authors: Darmanto Seno , Sutanto Sutanto , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Sasono Eko Julianto
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTApplications of technology and machinery equipment in service activities are done to complete the renovation and repair of boats or wooden vessels. Development of the infrastructure for members of the fishermen group is currently focused on equipment for the repair and renovation of the boat hull and the maintenance of the driving machine. And for the improvement of the renovation or repair of the boat hull, the service team has compiled a working activity including understanding and deepening of boat or wooden boats, engineering and equipment for renovation and boatbuilding, understanding and deepening of ship damage, and implementation in a group of fishermen. The process of maintenance and repair of boats on the ship's body (hull) in fishermen partners in principle were carried out through several stages include the washing and cleaning of all parts of the ship, patching, coating and painting. The process of painting through several stages of surface cleaning, patching if there are starting cracks and holes, drying, smoothing, basic coating and painting. Some tools for boats maintenance and repair especially for renovation and manufacture of wooden boats consist of saws (machines and manuals), drills, fittings, grinders, cutting (various sizes), clamps and other support equipmentKeywords: boat, hull, propulsion machine, machinery ABSTRAKKegiatan pengabdian aplikasi teknologi dan peralatan permesinan dilakukan untuk menyempurnakan renovasi dan perbaikan perahu atau kapal kayu. Pengembangan kelengkapan sarana anggota kelompok nelayan pada saat ini difokuskan pada peralatan untuk perbaikan dan renovasi lambung atau bodi dan perawatan mesin penggerak. Dan untuk penyempurnaan renovasi atau perbaikan kapal kayu, tim pengabdian menyusun langkah kerja atau kegiatan pengabdian meliputi pemahaman dan pendalaman perahu atau kapal kayu, teknik dan peralatan renovasi dan pembuatan perahu, pemahaman dan pendalaman kerusakan kapal, dan sejenisnya dan pelaksanaan di kelompok nelayan. Proses perawatan dan perbaikan kapal pada bagian badan kapal (lambung kapal) di mitra nelayan pada prinsipnya dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan meliputi pencucian seluruh bagian kapal, penambalan (pemakalan), pendempulan dan pengecetan kapal. Proses pengecatan melalui beberapa tahapan yakni pembersihan permukaan, penambalan kalau ada yang mulai retak dan berlubang, pengeringan, penghalusan, pelapisan dasar dan pengecatan.  Beberapa peralatan perawatan dan perbaikan lambung perahu terutama untuk renovasi dan pembuatan perahu kayu meliputi gergaji kayu (mesin dan manual), bor, pasah, gerinda, tatah (berbagai ukuran), clem/pencepit dan peralatan pendukung lain.
Rabbi Avraham Yizhak HaCohen Kook: between exile and messianic redemption
Authors: Winther Judith
Published: May 2018

Until the 19th century and to a certain extent, somewhat into the 20th century, most adherents of traditional, orthodox Judaism were reluctant about, or indifferent towards the active realistic Messianism of Maimonides who averred that only the servitude of the Jews to foreign kings separates this world from the world to come. It follows that important sections of Jewry opposed the budding Zionist idea. Zionism was an abomination in that it would substitute a purely human form of redemption for a redeemer sent by God, and therefore appeared to incite rebellion against God. Rabbi Kook’s teaching was an innovative interpretation of Zionism, not in terms of halakha, Jewish law, but in terms of the Jewish religion as a belief system. He tried to understand the secular Zionist world view, attempted to see redemption as a multi-step process, visualized the Land of Israel as a spiritual centre, and imbued its centrality, although profanely based, with religious significance.
Holocaust remembrance and education in the state of Israel 1948–2000
Authors: Enemark Birgitte
Published: May 2018

In the early years of Israel’s existence, the collective memory of the Holocaust was characterized by the schism between the Holocaust martyrs and heroes, emphasizing the bravery and revolt of the few while neglecting the physical suffering of the victims. This understanding was also reflected in the sparse description of the subject in the history textbooks produced by the educational authorities until the late 1970s. In the years to come a more rational and chronological presentation of the Holocaust became noticeable in Holocaust textbooks. However, even though the public interest for the subject increased remarkably it was not made a compulsory and independent subject in the Israeli school system until 1982. Which factors caused this change of attitude towards the Holocaust? The change of attitude did not of course begin overnight. In this article we explore the development of the Holocaust in the collective consciousness of the Israelis and its impact on Holocaust education in the country. In order to trace this gradual development, we have chosen to focus on milestones in Israeli history&&milestones which led from repression of the Holocaust in Israeli society to its adoption as a central event in the consciousness of the Israelis.
RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOUR AND CONFESSIONAL PREFERENCES OF UFA MUSLIMS (BY THE MATERIALS OF A PILOT SURVEY)
Authors: Nadyrshin Timur Maratovich , Klyashev Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: May 2018

The article analyzes the results of empirical studies on religious behaviour of the parishioners of three mosques of Ufa city of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The study is based on the results of the pilot survey, which are presented in comparison with the data of some all-Russian surveys on the population’s religiousness. The respondents form the nucleus of Muslim communities, which strictly observe religious traditions in their everyday life. Along with the high level of religious behaviour the parishioners-respondents are distinguished by the high level of education.
MILITARY-STRATEGIC PREPARATION OF GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE SECOND ANGLO-BOER WAR
Authors: Novichkov Aleksei Valer'evich , Reznikov Aleksei Anatol'evich
Published: May 2018

The article examines the activity of the British military intelligence service on the eve and during the Second Anglo-Boer War. Particular attention is paid to the tactical and strategic planning of the operations of the army units of the British Empire against the allied Boer republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The mechanism of еру field intelligence service work, which played an important role during the conduct of guerrilla warfare, is revealed. Specific methods of organizing and training reconnaissance groups and their effectiveness in real combat conditions are analyzed.
PROBLEM OF MORALITY OF THE RULE OF LAW PRINCIPLE
Authors: Larionov Igor' Yur'evich , Perov Vadim Yur'evich , Sevast'yanova Alina Dmitrievna
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibility of giving the moral value to the rule of law. The authors carry out the study of the arguments of the contemporary representative of legal positivism Joseph Raz in the context of his understanding of the rule of law regarding the conception “the internal morality of law” by Lon Fuller. The rule of law principle is considered as a sign of the virtue of law close in meaning to its moral value. This problem is developed in the framework of the ongoing discussion between natural law theory and legal positivism.
INTERNETIZATION OF CULTURE: ON THE WAY TO THE SOCIETY OF MUTUAL TRANSPARENCY
Authors: Lysak Irina Vital'evna
Published: May 2018

The article shows that culture development according to the network principle caused the transformation of the notion “privacy” itself and the formation of the society of mutual transparency where people keep an eye on each other. The process of culture internetization stimulated the powerful movement of both supporters and opponents of transparency, who try to escape from total control and to preserve the right to privacy. The paper traces the evolution of transparency caused by internetization of modern culture. Initially transparency comes out as the state supervision over the society and later on it took the form of citizens’ mutual control over each other. The author identifies such consequences of culture internetization as the minimization of mediatory structures and the transformation of institution of trust conditioned by the development of blockchain technology.
PHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY: MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE THEORY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mal'kova Tat'yana Pavlovna
Published: May 2018

The article analyzes the phenomenon of technology, technical reality and substantiates the topicality of the development of a specialized discipline -philosophy of technology. Modern interpretations of the phenomenon of technical reality and the author’s understanding of new trends in its change are given. Particular attention is paid to the subject of technical creativity, which is regarded as a carrier, consumer and creator of the technosphere and the infosphere. Current problems and the latest laws of the development of science as a complex phenomenon are highlighted. The author substantiates the conclusion about the need to develop philosophy of technology in order to study the technosphere as a component of human being for effective management of new technical reality.
MODERNIZATION AS A CULTURAL-ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTION
Authors: Mukhamedzhanova Nuriya Mansurovna
Published: May 2018

The article examines the process of modernization from the standpoint of the cultural-anthropological approach as a transition from homo religious to homo economicus . The value basis of the traditional society was religion, which for many centuries acted as a powerful anti-entropic mechanism ensuring the mankind’s survival. In the modern society, the dominant sphere of public life is economics, which leads to the destruction of the society, nature and the man. In the opinion of the author, the condition for the self-preservation of the society is refusal from the priority of economics over culture, subordination of economics to the higher principles of culture.
PHILOSOPHICAL METHODOLOGY USE IN EXPERT STUDIES OF RELIGION: HISTORICAL- PHILOSOPHICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Orlov Mikhail Olegovich , Petrova Kristina Yur'evna
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to a review of the philosophical methodological tools adapted for the expert studies of religion. The main focus is on the sociological component of religious studies with the goal of developing a universal methodology in the field of sociology of religion at the intersection of social philosophy, sociology, political science and jurisprudence. Within the framework of the formation of a single methodology, the advantages of the critical thinking style are substantiated, the techniques of combining institutional and value approaches are analyzed, and the most appropriate logics of thinking are reviewed. Also, considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the architectural orders of a religious organization. In conclusion, the authors present a set of methodological tools, the most expedient in the researchers’ opinion, for the expert study of religion.
CYCLICAL NATURE OF LIFE PATH AS A NORM IN FAMILY PLANNING AND PARENTING
Authors: Simanova Nina Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2018

The article makes an attempt to create a periodization of the personality development on the basis of the represented cyclical nature of the life path. The importance of studying life cycles, the correct beginning of the life path, the adequate perception of the octal life cycle as a norm for understanding the life path of an individual, including periods of recession (crisis) and recovery (successful, positive, optimistic outlook on life), is indicated. The author comes to the conclusion that the coincidence of the recovery periods of parents and a child leads to the easier passage of the crisis stages of life, promotes mutual understanding and preservation of the family for the spouses.
DESIGN IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL ERA: THE ETHICAL IN THE AESTHETIC
Authors: Starostin Vladimir Petrovich
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the 110th anniversary of technical design. Design, which at its very origins belonged to the human being in the material world and the world of the ideal, always preceded the level of society development. According to the author, the main idea of the design thought is a harmonious compromise between usability, external framing and internal content. In design, a person realizes his/her superbiological program, but at the same time tries constantly to repeat something created by the environment and realizes the idea of the unity of truth, beauty and goodness even in engineering. The novelty of the work is that the author tries to raise the question: whether there can be a moral (or immoral) design decision.
SOPHIA THE WISDOM AND HER ANTAGONISTIC IMAGE IN THE BIBLE AND IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Khachatryan Mastegra Vladimirovna
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the aspect of sophiological world view, which is not given sufficient attention in Russian philosophy: confrontation of Sophia the Wisdom of God and her antagonist. The author actualizes the problem of the “erroneousness” of the judgments of V. S. Solovyov and S. N. Bulgakov about Sophia as a “fallen world soul” expressed by E. N. Trubetskoy. The comparative analysis of the texts of the Bible and the works of the Russian philosophers is carried out to differentiate the image of Sophia the Wisdom and her antipode - Eve, Adam’s wife, which allows us to discover a new perspective in Russian philosophy.
USING THE BASICS OF THE ARTS AND CRAFTS OF THE VIKINGS IN CREATING MODERN FASHION JEWELRY
Authors: Gerasimova Antonina Anatol'evna , Shaposhnikova Valeriya Olegovna
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the arts and crafts of the Scandinavian peoples using the example of the ancient Vikings, in particular, weapons, ornamental and coloristic series, arts and crafts products. Particular attention is paid to the jewelry art of the Vikings, as well as to the relevance of using the heritage of this people in modern jewelry fashion. The modern aspect of using this style is studied as a basis for creative self-realization of beginning artists and professionals. Focusing the attention of jewelers and consumers on this promising and distinctive trend in contemporary arts and crafts can be considered as the key task.
FORMATION OF ANTI-SOVIET ARMED UNDERGROUND GROUPS IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA AT THE END OF 1917 - 1918 AS A PROCEDURE TO EXPRESS POLITICAL IDENTITY OF ANTI-BOLSHEVIST FORCES
Authors: Buchko Nikolai Petrovich
Published: May 2018

The article considers the problems of forming anti-Soviet armed underground groups in Siberia and the Far East in the years of the civil war in Russia. Applying the historiographical analysis of archival sources, published documents and event participants’ memories the author examines the process of forming underground groups, describes their staff and structure, political orientation and purposes. Anti-Soviet underground groups were guided by the idea of opposition to Soviet power that formed in provinces. The groups included the supporters of the doctrines of right-wing social democracy, monarchism, constitutional democracy.
ARTISTIC AND FIGURATIVE INTEGRITY OF ARCHITECTURAL DECISION OF LIVADIA PALACE AND SANATORIUM “RODINA (MOTHERLAND)” ON THE SOUTH COAST OF CRIMEA
Authors: Shintyapina Evgeniya Sergeevna
Published: May 2018

The article provides an artistic and historical analysis of the architectural decision of Livadia Palace (N. P. Krasnov, 1911) and the sanatorium complex “Rodina (Motherland)” (B. V. Efimovich, 1955) located on the south coast of Crimea. The relevance of the study is in the fact that the author proposes scientifically important in historical context identification of stylistic borrowings, which served as an artistic model for the domestic architects of the beginning and middle of the XX century, who built on the south coast of Crimea. The paper tries to identify common architectural forms, architectural and compositional devices, and elements of internal décor, artistic-figurative and style dominants of these architectural objects. The analysis of the mentioned aspect of the problem allows the author to conclude that the architect N. P. Krasnov’s creative work of the beginning of the XX century was based on the same principles, which were used in the building of Soviet recreation complexes of Crimea, in particular, the sanatorium “Rodina” of the middle of the XX century. The originality of the conceptual architectural decisions involves new form-generative devices, artistic eclectic approaches, and usage of engineering and constructive innovations.
URBAN SOCIETIES OF THE TRANS-URAL REGION IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIOCULTURAL RELATIONS OF THE XIX - THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Ershov Mikhail Fedorovich
Published: May 2018

The paper focuses on the peculiarities of the sociocultural relations of the provincial community. The author analyzes the provincial life of the Trans-Ural region of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century. In this period the province modernization destroyed patriarchal values and simultaneously used them, which resulted in the replacement of previous actors and the appearance of new mediators and channels of culture distribution: educated society, journalism, collecting. The key component of this process was official education. The author concludes that the province modernization worsened the social and psychological climate, accelerated discomfort and deepened the crisis of collectivistic principles.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ACTIVITY IN KABARDIA AND BALKARIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Konovalov Andrei Anatol'evich , Nasipova Ruzana Zaudinovna
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the process of the formation of a complex of educational institutions in Kabardia and Balkaria in the second half of the XIX - at the beginning of the XX century. The aim of the work is to classify educational institutions in Kabardia and Balkaria in the specified period and to analyze their main types. The question under study is inscribed in historical context: the link between education and the process of modernization in the North Caucasus region has been traced. The correlation of spiritual and secular education in the process of integration of the region into all-Russian cultural space is analyzed. Gender issues are being raised: the authors examine not only male education, but also the first experience of female education in the province. Attention is paid to the connection between the phenomenon of enlightenment of the region and Russian culture.
Exploring Students’ Need for Developing Material of English for Civil Engineering
Authors: Wulanjani Arum Nisma
Published: May 2018

Having tailor-made materials for ESP class can really be a hand to achieve learning goals and also to help students to achieve targeted skills and knowledge in ESP class. This study investigated need analysis of Civil Engineering students in a university  in Indonesia in order to explore the needs in developing materials for Civil Engineering students. Need analysis is an important steps in terms of developing materials. In order to detect students’ views toward what they need to learn, their preferred learning style, and their attitudes, interest toward learning English, a revised questionnaire was utilized. There were 61 students involved in this investigation. There was fifteen questions-questionnaire given to the students. An interview was also conducted as triangulation of the data. The results revealed that the students considered that the four macro skills are the most important component ehich neede the most practice, whereas they found grammar as the component that they most resented and had the least expertise in. Moreover, they tended to have various activities when they learn English. They needed various activities to draw their attention and motivation in learning English. It is hoped that the findings from this study can assist teachers and surriculum and syllabus designer to consider the students’ real needs and try to design and develop materials which can fulfill the present gap. 
Multimedia technologies in education: positive and negative aspects
Authors: Mikhnev Ilia Pavlovich , Reut Aleksandra Dmitrievna
Published: May 2018

This article analyzes the state and development of multimedia technologies in the educational process. The reasons for the emergence of multimedia educational technologies are shown. The decoding of the concept of "multimedia education" is given. The advantages and disadvantages of learning with the use of multimedia technologies are presented.
Innovative technologies for teaching students in the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Authors: Mikhnev Ilia Pavlovich , Popova Olesia Iurevna , Kitanina Margarita Sergeevna
Published: May 2018

In this article, the actual problem of using innovative technologies in higher education institutions is considered. The work also substantiates the advantages of the innovative approach in comparison with the traditional forms of teaching students. The analysis of modern innovative tools, which is used by teachers of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, is carried out.
Fluctuations in blood biomarkers of head trauma in NCAA football athletes over the course of a season
Authors: Oliver Jonathan M. , Anzalone Anthony J. , Stone Jason D. , Turner Stephanie M. , Blueitt Damond , Garrison J. Craig , Askow Andrew T. , Luedke Joel A. , Jagim Andrew R.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Repetitive subconcussive head trauma is a consequence of participation in contact sports and may be linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The degree of neurological injury caused by subconcussive head trauma is not easily detectible, and this injury does not induce readily identifiable clinical signs or symptoms. Recent advancements in immunoassays make possible the detection and quantification of blood biomarkers linked to head trauma. Identification of a blood biomarker that can identify the extent of neurological injury associated with subconcussive head trauma may provide an objective measure for informed decisions concerning cumulative exposure to subconcussive head trauma. The purpose of the current study was to examine changes in the blood biomarkers of subconcussive head trauma over the course of an American football season.

METHODS

Thirty-five National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) American football athletes underwent blood sampling throughout the course of a football season. Serial samples were obtained throughout the 2016 season, during which the number and magnitude of head impacts changed. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma concentrations of tau and serum concentrations of neurofilament light polypeptide (NF-L). Athletes were grouped based on their starter status, because athletes identified as starters are known to sustain a greater number of impacts. Between-group differences and time-course differences were assessed.

RESULTS

In nonstarters, plasma concentrations of tau decreased over the course of the season, with lower values observed in starters; this resulted in a lower area under the curve (AUC) (starters: 416.78 ± 129.17 pg/ml/day; nonstarters: 520.84 ± 163.19 pg/ml/day; p = 0.050). Plasma concentrations of tau could not be used to discern between starters and nonstarters. In contrast, serum concentrations of NF-L increased throughout the season as head impacts accumulated, specifically in those athletes categorized as starters. The higher serum concentrations of NF-L observed in starters resulted in a larger AUC (starters: 1605.03 ± 655.09 pg/ml/day; nonstarters: 1067.29 ± 272.33 pg/ml/day; p = 0.007). The AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses displayed fair to modest accuracy to identify athletes who were starters with the use of serum NF-L following periods of repetitive impacts.

CONCLUSIONS

The different patterns observed in serum NF-L and plasma tau concentrations provide preliminary evidence for the use of blood biomarkers to detect the neurological injury associated with repetitive subconcussive head trauma. Although further investigation is necessary, such findings might lay the foundation for the further development of an objective measure for the detection of neurological injury caused by subconcussive head trauma.
Accuracy of Inferred APOE Genotypes for a Range of Genotyping Arrays and Imputation Reference Panels
Authors: Lupton Michelle K. , Medland Sarah E. , Gordon Scott D. , Goncalves Tabatha , MacGregor Stuart , Mackey David A. , Young Terri L. , Duffy David L. , Visscher Peter M. , Wray Naomi R. , Nyholt Dale R. , Bain Lisa , Ferreira Manuel A. , Henders Anjali K. , Wallace Leanne , Montgomery Grant W. , Wright Margaret J. , Martin Nicholas G.
Published: May 2018

Cohort studies investigating aging and dementia require APOE genotyping. We compared directly measured APOE genotypes to ‘hard-call’ genotypes derived from imputing genome-wide genotyping data from a range of platforms using several imputation panels. Older GWAS arrays imputed to 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) phases and the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) reference panels were able to achieve concordance rates of over 98% with stringent quality control (hard-call-threshold 0.8). However, this resulted in high levels of missingness (>12% with 1KGP and 5% with HRC). With recent GWAS arrays, concordance of 99% could be obtained with relatively lenient QC, resulting in no missingness.
Endocannabinoid and Muscarinic Signaling Crosstalk in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Llorente-Ovejero Alberto , Manuel Iván , Lombardero Laura , Giralt Maria Teresa , Ledent Catherine , Giménez-Llort Lydia , Rodríguez-Puertas Rafael
Published: May 2018

The endocannabinoid system, which modulates emotional learning and memory through CB1 receptors, has been found to be deregulated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is characterized by a progressive decline in memory associated with selective impairment of cholinergic neurotransmission. The functional interplay of endocannabinoid and muscarinic signaling was analyzed in seven-month-old 3xTg-AD mice following the evaluation of learning and memory of an aversive stimulus. Neurochemical correlates were simultaneously studied with both receptor and functional autoradiography for CB1 and muscarinic receptors, and regulations at the cellular level were depicted by immunofluorescence. 3xTg-AD mice exhibited increased acquisition latencies and impaired memory retention compared to age-matched non-transgenic mice. Neurochemical analyses showed changes in CB1 receptor density and functional coupling of CB1 and muscarinic receptors to Gi/o proteins in several brain areas, highlighting that observed in the basolateral amygdala. The subchronic (seven days) stimulation of the endocannabinoid system following repeated WIN55,212-2 (1 mg/kg) or JZL184 (8 mg/kg) administration induced a CB1 receptor downregulation and CB1-mediated signaling desensitization, normalizing acquisition latencies to control levels. However, the observed modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in limbic areas did not modify learning and memory outcomes. A CB1 receptor-mediated decrease of GABAergic tone in the basolateral amygdala may be controlling the limbic component of learning and memory in 3xTg-AD mice. CB1 receptor desensitization may be a plausible strategy to improve behavior alterations associated with genetic risk factors for developing AD.
Combination Therapy of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Memantine for Obsessive– Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Kishi Taro , Matsuda Yuki , Iwata Nakao
Published: May 2018

We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether combination therapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and memantine (MEM) was beneficial for the treatment of obsessive– compulsive disorder. This study included three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. MEM+SRI was superior to placebo+SRI with regard to response rate [primary outcome, n = 97; risk ratio = 0.22; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.12–0.42; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%; number needed to treat = 2], the Yale– Brown Obsessive– Compulsive Scale total [standardized mean difference (SMD) = – 4.56; 95% CI = – 8.50, – 0.62; p = 0.02], obsession subscale (SMD = – 4.39; 95% CI = – 5.94, – 2.85; p < 0.00001), and compulsion subscale score (SMD = – 4.60; 95% CI = – 7.64, – 1.55; p = 0.003). No significant differences in any safety outcome were found between the groups.
Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists Enhance AChR Clustering in C2C12 Myotubes: Implications for Therapy of Myasthenic Disorders
Authors: Clausen Lisa , Cossins Judith , Beeson David
Published: May 2018

Background:

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of inherited neuromuscular transmission disorders causing fatiguable muscle weakness. ADRB2 agonists have been observed to provide therapeutic benefit where destabilisation of NMJ structures is part of the underlying pathology, such as in DOK7, COLQ and MuSK CMS as well as in slow channel syndrome. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ADRB2 agonists in CMS.

Objective:

In vitro investigation into whether an ADRB2 agonist affects the AChR clustering pathway and has the potential to increase the number and stability of AChR clusters.

Methods:

Cultured C2C12 mouse myotubes overexpressing the common DOK7 frameshift mutation c.1124_1127dupTGCC were incubated with salbutamol sulphate and the effect on AChR cluster numbers were investigated. Moreover, agrin-induced AChR clusters in C2C12 WT cells were left to disperse after agrin-wash-off, and the effects of incubation with salbutamol sulphate on AChR cluster numbers were explored.

Results:

Salbutamol sulphate induced a significant increase in the number of AChR clusters formed on C2C12 cells overexpressing c.1124_1127dupTGCC. Furthermore, significantly more clusters remained in C2C12 WT myotubes incubated with salbutamol sulphate following agrin wash-off.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that ADRB2 agonists directly affect proteins located at the neuromuscular junction and exert a stabilising effect on AChR clusters.
Microhemorrhage identified on 3.0 T MR susceptibility-weighted imaging for prognosis of viral encephalitis
Authors: Liu Xin-jiang , Li Chuan-ting , Wang Bin , Zheng Chong-xiao , Wu Le-bin , Ma Lan-Zhi , Gao Quan-sheng
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the relationship of microhemorrhage on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) with the severity of clinical symptoms and the prognosis of viral encephalitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Thirty patients with clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis were divided into three groups according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the condition of recovery namely, Group I ( n = 12): Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)≥13 and recovered with no sequelae; Group II ( n = 11): GCS 9–12 and recovered with some sequelae; Group III ( n = 7): GCS 3–8 and recovered with more severe sequelae. The microhemorrhage detectability on SWI and conventional MR imaging in these three groups was compared and their correlations with different seriousness of clinical symptoms and prognosis were analyzed.

RESULTS:

There was a significant difference in microhemorrhage volume among different MR sequences ( p < 0.05). SWI was more sensitive to detect microhemorrhage than conventional MR imaging techniques. Microhemorrhages on SWI were significantly different among the three groups ( p < 0.01). The volume of microhemorrhage on SWI was well correlated with the degree of clinical symptoms and the prognosis of viral encephalitis.

CONCLUSION:

SWI can be used to detect microhemorrhage in patients with viral encephalitis. Assessment of microhemorrhage with SWI can provide useful information for the prognosis evaluation of viral encephalitis.
A 5½ month old girl with ascites
Authors: Nahar Luthfun , Karim A. S. M. Bazlul , Mazumder Md. Wahiduzzaman , Sonia Zannatul Ferdous
Published: May 2018

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:A 5½ month old girl, 2nd issue of non-consanguineous parents from Jamalpur immunized as per EPI schedule, presented at the outpatient department with the history of abdominal distension since 2 months of her age which gradually increased day by day (Figure 1). She also had  a history of fever for 1 month which was low-grade, intermittent in nature but not documented and subsided after taking antipyretic. She had no history of cough, contact with tuberculosis patient, jaundice, pale stool, diarrhea, scanty micturition,  abdominal trauma or any history of surgery. Her elder brother was healthy and there was no family history of such type illness.
A 15 year old male with continuous dull pain in the maxillary left central incisor
Authors: Parvin Mst. Mahbuba Kafia , Moral Mohammad Ali Asgor , Alam Md. Shamsul , Kundu Gokul Chand
Published: May 2018

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:A 15 year old male patient came to the Department with the complaint of continuous dull pain on his upper left central incisor. He also gave a history of traumatic injury when he was eight years old for which he didn't undergo any dental treatment. He had noncontributory medical history. On extraoral examination, no abnormality was detected. Intraoral examination revealed there was no sign of caries, no crown discoloration, no swelling and no sinus tract was present. Gingival tissue and tooth were intact. On palpation, the patient felt mild pain on the root area of affected tooth. On percussion, dull percussion note was present.
A 14 year old boy with reimplantation of avulsed maxillary central incisors
Authors: Sheikh Md. Abdul Hannan , Hossain Mozammal , Parveen Sultana , Shanta Kamrun Nahar , Abdin Md. Joynal
Published: May 2018

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:A 14 year old boy, came to the Department with the complaint of accidental missing of upper two central incisor teeth (Figure 1A, B). The teeth were brought by the patient those were healthy and intact. His medical history was non-contributory and he was tetanus immunized. He came 2 hours after the accident with the missing teeth immersed into 0.9% sodium chloride solution. On clinical examination, there were missing of both central incisors. Sockets were full of  blood. On palpation, no other tooth was tender.
Breeding Maize for Tolerance to Acidic Soils: A Review
Authors: Ngoune Tandzi Liliane , Mutengwa Charles Shelton , Ngonkeu Eddy Léonard Mangaptche , Gracen Vernon
Published: May 2018

Acidic soils hamper maize (Zea mays L.) production, causing yield losses of up to 69%. Low pH acidic soils can lead to aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), or iron (Fe) toxicities. Genetic variability for tolerance to low soil pH exists among maize genotypes, which can be exploited in developing high-yielding acid-tolerant maize genotypes. In this paper, we review some of the most recent applications of conventional and molecular breeding approaches for improving maize yield under acidic soils. The gaps in breeding maize for tolerance to low soil pH are highlighted and an emphasis is placed on promoting the adoption of the numerous existing acid soil-tolerant genotypes. While progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to Al toxicity, little has been done on Mn and Fe toxicities. More research inputs are therefore required in: (1) developing screening methods for tolerance to manganese and iron toxicities; (2) elucidating the mechanisms of maize tolerance to Mn and Fe toxicities; and, (3) identifying the quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for Mn and Fe tolerance in maize cultivars. There is also a need to raise farmers’ and other stakeholders’ awareness of the problem of Al, Mn, and Fe soil toxicities to improve the adoption rate of the available acid-tolerant maize genotypes. Maize breeders should work more closely with farmers at the early stages of the release process of a new variety to facilitate its adoption level. Researchers are encouraged to strengthen their collaboration and exchange low soil pH-tolerant maize germplasm.
Inhibitory Effects of Solvent-Partitioned Fractions of Two Nigerian Herbs (Spondias mombin Linn. and Mangifera indica L.) on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase
Authors: Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Afon Adeola Agnes , Ojo Adebola Busola , Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Kappo Abidemi Paul
Published: May 2018

Therapies directed towards controlling hyperglycemia, the hallmark of type-2 diabetes mellitus, go a long way in managing diabetes and its related complications. Reducing glucose level through the inhibition of the relevant carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes is one among many routes in the management of diabetes. This study investigates the in vitro enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties of solvent-partitioned fractions of Spondias mombin and Mangifera indica leaves; which are used extensively in the treatment of diabetic patients locally. The leaves of S. mombin and M. indica were extracted with methanol and fractionated to obtain n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF), and aqueous (AF) fractions successively. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of fractions of S. mombin and M. indica leaves were investigated while the antioxidant activity of each fraction was analyzed using iron chelating and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging assay. Our findings indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. indica leaves contained a considerably higher (p < 0.05) amount of total phenolic, flavonoids, metal ion, and ABTS radical scavenging activity than the ethyl acetate fractions of S. mombin. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of M. indica had a considerably higher (p < 0.05) inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase (IC50 = 25.11 ± 0.01 μg mL−1), and α-amylase (IC50 = 24.04 ± 0.12 μg mL−1) activities than the S. mombin fraction. Hence, the inhibitory activities of S. mombin and M. indica leaves suggest that they are a potential source of orally active antidiabetic agents and could be employed to formulate new plant-based pharmaceutical and nutraceutical drugs to improve human health.
Mesoporous Niobium Oxyhydroxide Catalysts for Cyclohexene Epoxidation Reactions
Authors: Padula Izabela D. , Chagas Poliane , Furst Carolina G. , Oliveira Luiz C. A.
Published: May 2018

Mesoporous catalysts were synthesized from the precursor NbCl5 and surfactant CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), using different synthesis routes of, in order to obtain materials with different properties which are capable of promoting the epoxidation of cyclohexene. The materials were characterized by X ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), acidity via pyridine adsorption, Hammet titration and N2 adsorption/desorption. The characterization data indicate that the calcination process of the catalysts was efficient for elimination of the surfactant, but it caused a collapse of the structure, causing a Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) specific area decrease (ClNbS-600, 44 and ClNbS-AC-600, 64 m2 g−1). The catalysts that have not been calcined showed high BET specific areas (ClNbS 198 and ClNbS-AC 153 m2 g−1). Catalytic studies have shown that mild reaction conditions promote high conversion. The catalysts ClNbS and ClNbS-AC showed high conversions of cyclohexene, 50 and 84%, respectively, while the calcined materials showed low conversion (<30%). The epoxide formation was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
The Effect of Overexpressed DdRabS on Development, Cell Death, Vesicular Trafficking, and the Secretion of Lysosomal Glycosidase Enzymes
Authors: Yarbrough Azure , Maringer Katherine , Saheb Entsar J. , Jawed Sanaa , Bush John
Published: May 2018

Rab GTPases are essential regulators of many cellular processes and play an important role in downstream signaling vital to proper cell function. We sought to elucidate the role of novel D. discoideum GTPase RabS. Cell lines over-expressing DdRabS and expressing DdRabS N137I (dominant negative (DN)) proteins were generated, and it was determined that DdRabS localized to endosomes, ER-Golgi membranes, and the contractile vacuole system. It appeared to function in vesicular trafficking, and the secretion of lysosomal enzymes. Interestingly, microscopic analysis of GFP-tagged DdRabS (DN) cells showed differential localization to lysosomes and endosomes compared to GFP-tagged DdRabS overexpressing cells. Both cell lines over-secreted lysosomal glycosidase enzymes, especially β-glucosidase. Furthermore, DdRabS overexpressing cells were defective in aggregation due to decreased cell–cell cohesion and sensitivity to cAMP, leading to abnormal chemotactic migration, the inability to complete development, and increased induced cell death. These data support a role for DdRabS in trafficking along the vesicular and biosynthetic pathways. We hypothesize that overexpression of DdRabS may interfere with GTP activation of related proteins essential for normal development resulting in a cascade of defects throughout these processes.
Assisted Tip Sonication Approach for Graphene Synthesis in Aqueous Dispersion
Authors: Ghanem Ahmed F. , Abdel Rehim Mona H.
Published: May 2018

Graphene (G) is a newcomer material that holds promising properties for many applications. The production of high quality G with a good yield is a long-standing goal for many researchers. This work emphasizes synthesis of dispersed graphene nanoplatelets (DGP) through aqueous dispersion technique in surfactant/water solution with the aid of tip sonication. A chemical method was also used to prepare graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for comparison. Elemental analysis revealed the C:O ratio to be 12:1 for DGP but much lower for other graphene structures. Optical characterization of DGP, GO and RGO with UV and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the ideal structure of DGP. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the amorphous structure of DGP. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed that DGP was composed of a few flat layers, unlike the wrinkled and partially bent multilayered G. Topological study of the DGP surface with scanning electron microscope (SEM) depicted its rough surface with (ra) value of 35 nm, as revealed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Electrochemical measurements confirmed the higher conductivity of DGP over graphene prepared by chemical method due to lack of structural defects. Its perfect structure facilitates the mobility of charge carriers that makes it preferable in optoelectronic applications.
A Study on Photostability of Amphetamines and Ketamine in Hair Irradiated under Artificial Sunlight
Authors: Miolo Giorgia , Tucci Marianna , Menilli Luca , Stocchero Giulia , Vogliardi Susanna , Scrivano Salvatore , Montisci Massimo , Favretto Donata
Published: May 2018

Drugs incorporated into hair are exposed to the environment, and cosmetic and chemical treatments, with possible decreases in their content. Knowledge concerning the effect of sunlight on drug content in hair can be helpful to forensic toxicologists, in particular, when investigating drug concentrations above or below pre-determined cut-offs. Twenty authentic positive hair samples were selected which had previously tested positive for amphetamines and/or ketamine. Washed hair were divided into two identical strands, with the former exposed at 765 W/m2 (300–800 nm spectrum of irradiance) for 48 h in a solar simulator, and the latter kept in the dark. Hair samples were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry detection. The percentage of photodegradation was calculated for each analyte (i.e., amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylendioxyamphetamine, ketamine, and norketamine). In parallel, photodegradation processes of standard molecules dissolved in aqueous and organic solutions were studied. In 20 hair samples positive for the targeted analytes, exposure to artificial sunlight induced an appreciable decrease in drug concentrations. The concentration ranges in the non-irradiated hair samples were 0.01–24 ng/mg, and 65% of samples exhibited a decrease in post-irradiation samples, with reduction from 3% to 100%. When more drugs were present in the same hair sample (i.e., MDMA and ketamine) the degradation yields were compound dependent. A degradation product induced by irradiation of ketamine in aqueous and methanol solutions was identified; it was also found to be present in a true positive hair sample after irradiation. Ketamine, amphetamines, and their metabolites incorporated in the hair of drug users undergo degradation when irradiated by artificial sunlight. Only for ketamine was a photoproduct identified in irradiated standard solutions and in true positive irradiated hair. When decisional cut-offs are applied to hair analysis, photodegradation must be taken into account since sunlight may produce false negative results. Moreover, new markers could be investigated as evidence of illicit drug use.
Lightweight Design and Welding Manufacturing of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Car’s Chassis
Authors: Tsirogiannis Evangelos Ch. , Siasos Gerasimos I. , Stavroulakis Georgios E. , Makridis Sofoklis S.
Published: May 2018

The development of the chassis for the hydrogen fuel cell powered car has been involved in the designing and manufacturing aspects, while taking into consideration the mass, strength, stiffness, centre of gravity (COG), and manufacturing cost requirements. Towards this direction, a chassis design is proposed employing a space frame structure and constructed by an aluminium alloy with great strength. The structural design has been derived through the lightweight engineering approaches in conjunction with the part consolidation, Design for Assembly (DFA) and Design for Manufacture methods. Moreover, it has been performed in compliance with the safety regulations of the Shell Eco Marathon racing competition. The material’s principal characteristics are the great strength, the low mass, as well as the great workability, machinability, and weldability. Following the national and global environmental issues, the recyclable characteristics of the aluminium alloy are an extra asset. Furthermore, the existence of aluminium alloy manufacturers around the fabricating area provides low cost supply and fast delivery benefits. The integration of the fuel cell powered vehicle is obtained through the designing and the manufacturing processes of the chassis and the parts fitted on the chassis. The manufacturing procedures are described thoroughly; mainly consisting of the cutting and welding processes and the assembling of the parts that are fitted on the chassis. Additionally, the proper welding parameters for the custom chassis design are investigated and are selected after deductive reasoning. The quality control of the weld joints is conducted by non-destructive methods (NDT) ensuring the required structural properties of the welds. A combination of the selected material, the specific type of the chassis, and the manufacturing processes lead to construction simplicity in a low manufacturing cost by using the existing laboratory equipment. Furthermore, the designing and manufacturing parameters lead to a stiff with a low centre of gravity, and the most lightweight chassis of the urban concept category at the Shell Eco Marathon race.