bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and Relevancy of Anatomy Curriculum in the Clinical Years: A Malaysian University Experience
Authors: Sakaran Rani , Omar Noor Azzizah , Omar Normaliza , Sanip Suhaila , Ku Mohd Noor Ku Mastura , Ngatiman Mohd Hairulhisyam , Mohamad Nor Nadeeya ‘Ayn Umaisara , Abdul Aziz Sharifa
Published: July 2021

Human anatomy is one of the fundamental subjects in medical and health education. In recent years, anatomy teaching in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) has undergone a major transition from a highly detailed, didactic method to student-centred pedagogy and clinical correlations. Hence, this study aimed to assess the perception of the anatomy curriculum amongst USIM clinical students and to evaluate the clinicians’ cognisance of their students’ anatomical knowledge and application. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 clinical students (fourth-, fifth- and final-year) and 32 clinicians from various disciplines with the validated questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was performed to analyse the findings regarding students’ and clinicians’ perceptions. The majority of the students agreed that the anatomy curriculum was adequately covered in the pre-clinical years except for the imaging and clinical correlation classes. In terms of the teaching method, most of the students perceived that the tutorials (99.2%), practical sessions (98.7%), lectures (97.4%) and problembased learning (PBL) (96.1%) were the best approaches in understanding anatomy comprehensively. Results also indicated that the practical sessions (99.1%), lectures (94.8%), tutorials (94.8%) and PBL (93.9%) were the best methods in retaining anatomy knowledge. Besides, 62.9% of students strongly agreed that objective structured practical examination (OSPE) was the most helpful assessment for their anatomical knowledge retention. The majority of the clinicians perceived their clinical year students had a satisfactory level of anatomical knowledge (n = 21, 65.6%) and also believed that the anatomical correlation classes were essential for their disciplines. Students recognised the value of the current teaching methodology for their knowledge retention and comprehension. However, both clinicians and students felt there were limited opportunities for clinical application during teaching and learning. It is therefore imperative to implement appropriate restructuring to the current anatomy curriculum to address students’ needs and preferences for their future medical practice.
An Intervention to Remediate Unprofessional Behaviours of Pre-Clinical Medical Students
Authors: Foong Chan Choong , Khairul Anhar Holder Nurul Atira , Dutt Aswini R , Mohd Fadzil Hidayah
Published: July 2021

Remediating the unprofessional behaviours of medical students is essential because the unprofessional behaviours of medical practitioners could be traced back to their previous behaviours in medical schools. This study evaluated a programme that used reflection in remediating students with unprofessional behaviours. Personal and professional development (PPD) assignments have a “hidden curriculum” on professional behaviours expected of medical students. Seven students who repeatedly failed to complete the PPD assignments were required to attend a remediation programme. The remediation programme aims to help students reflect on their behaviours. They compared professional behaviours between medical practitioners and students and discussed unprofessional behaviours using actual cases. Thematic analysis was performed on the reflective essays of the students, collected at the beginning and the end of the remediation programme. At the beginning of the programme, students expressed anger because they felt that the PPD assignments were minor tasks. At the end of the programme, students expressed their regretful feelings; they recognised lessons learnt and developed corrective measures. A follow-up reported that the faculty no longer deemed the students unsatisfactory in their professional behaviours one year later. Reflection is recognised as useful in healthcare education, but there is a lack of published evidence to answer whether reflection can be learned. In this study, the students learnt to reflect on their previous professional behaviours, and they developed corrective measures to avoid the recurrence of these previous behaviours. The findings may imply that reflection could be taught and learned to cultivate professional behaviours among medical students.
Assessing the Performance of Food Safety Management System Using Food Safety Management System Diagnostic Tools and Microbial Assessment Scheme: A Case of Powdered Beverage Manufacturers
Authors: Hua Yen Cheah , Merican Suhaila Emma , Mahmud@Ab Rashid Nor Khaizura , Abu Bakar Ainul Zakiah , Omar Syaliza , Sanny Maimunah
Published: July 2021

Background: The objective of the study is to assess the performance of the Food Safety Management System (FSMS) among powdered beverage manufacturers using Food Safety Management System Diagnostic Tools (FSMS-DI) and Microbial Assessment Scheme (MAS).
Methods: FSMS-DI was used to evaluate the context factors, core control and core assurance activities of five powdered beverage manufacturers with different types of FSMS certification. Manufacturer A is not certified with any FSMS, while manufacturers B, C, D and E are complied with MeSTI, GMP, HACCP and ISO 22000, respectively. For MAS, samples were collected from the selected critical sampling locations of two manufacturers who complied FSMS with the least (manufacturer B) and the most stringent (manufacturer E) requirements. The samples consisted of two different types of powdered beverage products were analysed for total plate count (TPC), Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and mould count (YMC).
Results: The food safety (FS) output of powdered beverages for manufacturer E was better (overall score of 3) than manufacturer B (overall score of 2–3). Manufacturer E was able to achieve their FS objectives. The FSMS activities of manufacturer C, D and E were better (overall score of 2–3) than manufacturer A and B (overall score of 1–2).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that FSMS-DI and MAS can be used to differentiate the FSMS performance of powdered beverage manufacturers with different types of FSMS certification. Higher scores of FSMS activities obtained by the manufacturer who complied with stringent FSMS certifications contributed to better microbiological safety performance of powdered beverages.
Ethics, resource rent, environment and petroleum policy: the case of a small open economy
Authors: Honningdal Grytten Ola , Arngrim Hunnes John
Published: July 2021

This paper contributes to the understanding of how the environment, ethics, values, and historical contingencies shape public policy. It explains the accomplishment of petroleum resource management in the small open economy of Norway. The study is conducted by mapping policy decisions and the arguments behind them regarding environmental and ethical issues. This is done by studying available governmental and parliamentary papers along with statements from politicians and central governmental officials. The paper also seeks to illuminate some of the decisions by quantitative measures. The paper firstly describes a model of Ricardian resource rent. Secondly, it investigates the set of values that were in place before the petroleum production started in the 1970s, as described in public documents. An important argument was to build a “qualitatively better society” for the benefit of the people. Thirdly, it traces the historical roots of these values by examining historical sources.The main findings are that success lies in understanding the ethics behind the environmental resource rent harvesting of this non-renewable natural resource. The paper concludes that the focus on the natural environment and resource rent management can be attributed to popular values built on historical traditions. According to them, the state and the trust between the state and its citizens played key roles in shaping the policy. The careful policy can be illustrated by the fact that Norway has managed to build one of the largest sovereign funds in the world worth USD 1,200 billion for use by future generations. Only 3% of its value, significantly less than its historical net profit, should be used annually.
Educación a distancia en tiempo de pandemia en Paraguay
Authors: Cañete Estigarribia Delia Lucía , Cáceres Rolín Ever Daniel , Soto-Varela Roberto , Gómez García Melchor
Published: July 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores que intervienen en la educación a distancia en tiempo de pandemia en Paraguay. La metodología empleada es cuantitativa y emplea un estudio de corte instrumental con diseño transversal-descriptivo. Para la recolección de información se aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc, distribuido por medio de Google Form, en el que participaron 1947 personas, todos del ámbito educativo de Paraguay desde Educación Inicial hasta Educación Superior. Como resultados de la investigación se obtuvieron que para llevar a cabo la enseñanza a distancia el mayor recurso con el que disponen los docentes son los teléfonos móviles con acceso a Internet y casi el 50% tienen una frecuencia de uso diaria. Sobre la formación en TIC se evidencian que quienes han recibido mayor formación son los de Educación Superior, la formación recibida en Educación Media y Educación Escolar Básica es insuficiente y quienes menos han recibido formación son los de Educación Infantil. Asimismo, se comprueba que la formación en TIC permite desarrollar las competencias digitales de los docentes. Para la atención de los estudiantes durante este período de la pandemia los medios más utilizados son la plataforma educativa del MEC y la Mensajería Instantánea (WhatsApp).
El desarrollo de la Competencia Digital en el alumnado de Educación Infantil
Authors: Sanchez Vera María del Mar
Published: July 2021

La Competencia Digital no ha sido incluida, hasta ahora, en el currículo del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil. No obstante, en los últimos años, diferentes estudios y experiencias educativas han puesto de relieve el potencial que tiene en esta etapa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer y analizar qué aspectos de la Competencia Digital se pueden abordar, así como desarrollar una propuesta de indicadores de logro por edades. Para ello, primero se ha realizado un análisis curricular de la Competencia Digital, a continuación, se ha consultado a 18 maestras expertas en la integración de las tecnologías en el aula de 3 a 6 años.

Los resultados indican que son varios los elementos de la Competencia Digital que pueden integrarse en esta etapa, habiendo encontrado mayor acuerdo en los aspectos relacionados con el conocimiento de aplicaciones informáticas, desarrollo de la curiosidad por las TIC, pensamiento computacional, gestión de la información, usar recursos tecnológicos para resolver problemas y comunicarse. Los aspectos relacionados con la gestión y el uso de información de manera crítica se valoraron como los más complicados de trabajar en esta etapa, siendo elementos que se van incorporando de forma progresiva debido al propio desarrollo madurativo del alumnado.
Editorial: tecnologías digitales para la enseñanza en Educación Infantil
Authors: Urbina Ramírez Santos , Solano-Fernández Isabel M.
Published: July 2021

No hay lugar a dudas sobre la importancia de la utilización de las TIC en la escuela, desde la etapa de Educación Infantil[1] a lo largo de los últimos años, como se puede constatar si atendemos al creciente número de publicaciones científicas producidas (Burnett, 2010; Drigas y Kokkalia, 2014; González-González et al., 2019; Mantilla y Edwards, 2019; Romero-Tena et al., 2020; Siraj Blatchford y Romero Tena, 2017). Los motivos son múltiples, y van desde su aprovechamiento como potentes recursos didácticos, o la motivación que su uso genera, hasta la constatación de una generalizada presencia social, a la que la escuela no puede dar la espalda (Yelland, 2005; Konka y Kosalan, 2017). Todo ello pone en evidencia la necesidad de que en Educación Infantil se trabaje la alfabetización digital para conseguir que los niños pasen de meros consumidores de productos digitales a creadores de información digital (Murcia, et al., 2018).
Robotic micromanipulation: a) actuators and their application
Authors: Bučinskas Vytautas , Subačiūtė-Žemaitienė Jurga , Dzedzickis Andrius , Morkvėnaitė-Vilkončienė Inga
Published: July 2021

Development of biotechnology and technologies related to small size object position and placement in working area, ensuring desired orientation and fitting during movement into prescribed positions. Paper provides an effort to classify and provide a sorted list of applications in the variety of existing robotic systems to manipulate the object of micrometric size. Extensive development of robotic systems fosters intensive request of accurate and fast drives for robots and manipulators. Paper overviews and specifies a broad spectrum of micrometric scale drives, operating under certain physical effects. These drives are analyzed according to their physical domain, movement mode, stroke or angle range, generated force, speed of movement and other essential drive parameters. The paper concludes a high potential of drives development and points direction to future their application possibilities in microrobotics.
Migration characteristics of atrazine in porous media during managed aquifer recharge
Authors: Sun Xiuxiu , Wang Weiping , Zhao Weidong , Qu Shisong , Zheng Qingyang
Published: July 2021

To study the influences of sand and gravel layer and groundwater velocity of Yufuhe River on atrazine migration, adsorption-desorption and sand column experiments were carried out. Results show that the adsorption capacity of montmorillonite, raw sand and washed sand to atrazine sequentially weakens. In different media, the time for atrazine concentrations to peak in washed sand with montmorillonite (WSM), raw sand and washed sand is 60, 135 and 105 minutes respectively, and the peak concentration accounts for 84, 90 and 95% of the initial concentrations. Under different flow rates, the peak time in washed sand at flow rates of 100, 150 and 200 mL/min is 135, 105 and 75 minutes, and the peak time in WSM is 90, 60 and 45 minutes, respectively. Results from this study indicate that increasing flow velocity and suspended colloids concentrations can promote the migration of atrazine in aquifers, while the presence of clay minerals in sand and gravel layers can reduce atrazine migration. Thus, during Yellow River water recharging, the sand and gravel layer of Yufuhe River is helpful to protect the aquifer, but the colloids-associated migration of atrazine can contaminate groundwater in underlying karst aquifer.
Effect of organic concentration on biological activity and nitrogen removal performance in an anammox biofilm system
Authors: Fu Weide , Zhu Rencheng , Lin Huanyun , Zheng Yukai , Hu Zhanbo
Published: July 2021

The effects of different concentrations of organic matter on the biological activity and nitrogen removal performance of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) system was studied. The results showed that under the conditions of low influent total organic carbon (TOC ≤ 100 mg/L), the activity rate of anammox bacteria was basically unaffected, the anammox bacteria and denitrifying bacteria formed a good synergistic effect, and the maximum total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency reached 95.77%. However, when the influent TOC concentration was up to 200 mg/L, the activity of anammox bacteria was seriously inhibited. At this time, denitrification becomes the main pathway of nitrogen removal, the effluent ammonia nitrogen content increases, and the TN removal efficiency decreases to 64.17%. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that with the increase in organic matter concentration, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes changed significantly. In particular, the relative abundance proportion of Proteobacteria increased from 21.06% to 25.57%, the Planctomycetes dropped from 10.01% to 3.03% and the Candidatus Brocadia genus had the largest decrease. In conclusion, the concentration range of organic matter for collaborative denitrification was proposed in this study, which provided theoretical reference for the practical application of anammox biofilm process.
Distribution characteristics and source analysis of sulfate in the main rivers of Heze city, China
Authors: Ma Qiang , Xing Chuanjie , Sun Huizhong , Zhang Xue , Xu Lirong
Published: July 2021

Throughout the last few decades, sulfate concentrations in streamwater have received considerable attention due to their dominant role in anthropogenic acidification of surface waters. In order to determine the cycle of riverine sulfate, affected by natural weathering and anthropogenic activities, the Zhuzhaoxin River Basin and Dongyu River Basin in Heze City, China are selected. The conventional hydrochemical characteristics, distribution characteristics of sulfate concentration, and distribution characteristics of sulfur and oxygen isotopes are analyzed and texted. The results are as follows: the concentration of SO42− in the surface water of the study area increased gradually from upstream to downstream. In the study area, the δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 value in the surface water of Zhuzhaoxin River Basin ranges from +8.0‰ to +22.3‰ and +7.3‰ to +10.5‰, respectively, while the values of Dongyu River Basin are between +9.3‰ ∼ +9.5‰ and +4.2‰ ∼ +8.1‰. The main sources of SO42− in the Zhuzhaoxin River Basin are domestic sewage, industrial and mining wastewater and the evaporation of dissolved salt rock, and their average contribution rates are more than 50% and 30%, respectively; the main sources of SO42− in the Dongyu River Basin are agricultural activities and atmospheric precipitation, and their average contribution rates are more than 60% and 20%, respectively.
Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems and their Applications
Authors: Kaushik Deepak , Verma Ravinder , Pandey Parijat
Published: July 2021

SMEDDS (Type III B systems) are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants,
co-solvents and co-surfactants that have the capability to create fine o/w
microemulsions upon mild stirring followed by dilution in the aqueous phase. They
have captured due attention because of their high transparency, high solubilization
capacity, thermodynamic stability and simple production method. They also improve
oral assimilation and eradicate food effects. There has been an upheaval over the most
recent two decades in the usage of microemulsion systems in an assortment of
pharmaceutical, chemical and industrial processes. The use of self-microemulsion in
pharmaceuticals, as cosmetics agents, for analytical purposes, in biotechnology, as
enzymatic reactions, for immobilization of protein, bioseparations and chemical sensor
have been described briefly. Oral, topical, parenteral, oculars and pulmonary deliveries
are the general routes of drug administration for LBDDS that are discussed in detail.
The oral route includes SE capsule, SE sustained/controlled release tablet/capsule/
pellets, SE solid dispersions. This chapter highlights various benefits, drawbacks,
selection of ingredients and the applications of self-emulsification in various fields
such as cosmetics, analysis, bioseparation and so on.
Components of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Kaushik Deepak , Kumar Manish , Parmar Deepak
Published: July 2021

The key thought in choosing suitable ingredients for any lipid-based
formulations (LBFs) is the identification of an ingredient or their combination that can
keep the whole drug dose in solubilized form for oral administration. The chief
ingredients in LBFs are lipids, surfactant and co-surfactant that are described in detail.
These components are meant for achieving the maximum drug loading, minimal time
for self-emulsification and small size of globule in the gastric environment for
obtaining maximum assimilation, lessening variation in the emulsion globule size and
preventing or minimizing drug degradation. Generally, a low dose of the drug is
appropriate for SMEDDS. Lipids are an important component in SMEDDS because
they are responsible for fluidization of intestinal cell membrane, solubilization of
hydrophobic drugs, enhancing the dissolution rate and solubility in GI fluids, protection
of the drug from chemical and enzymatic degradation. Surfactants play an important
role in enhancing the solubility of a hydrophobic drug in oil, dispersion of liquid
vehicle in GIT fluids, improving bioavailability by increasing permeability, avoiding
the precipitation of drug in GI lumen and prolonging the existence of drug moiety in a
solubilized form that results in its effective assimilation. But, a few surfactants are
orally acceptable. The combination of ionic and non-ionic surfactants is very effective
for improving the degree/area of the micro-emulsion region. It plays an important role
in the synergetic effect in critical micelle concentration. A high amount of surfactant is
essential to diminish interfacial tension adequately, which can cause gastric irritation,
otherwise. That is why; co-surfactants of HLB value 10-14 are added to reduce their
concentration. They are added in combination with surfactants to provide sufficient
flexibility to interfacial film, dissolve a greater quantity of either hydrophobic drug or
hydrophilic surfactant in the lipidic base and decreasing the interface of oil/water. They
help in dissolving a large amount of surfactant or drug in lipid base, assisting the
dispersion process, decreasing the amount of surfactant in the formulation and performing an action of co-surfactant in microemulsion system. This chapter highlights the
various categories of ingredients that are used in the formulation of SMEDDS and their
marketed products.
The Teaching of English by Using Telegram Application: A Case Study at SMKN (Vocational High School) 4 Malang
Authors: Yushril Rahmatullah Faqih Putra Mizan , Inayati Dian
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the implementation of Telegram application as a teaching media in teaching English and to know students’ perceptions toward this implementation. Using case study as research design, the teacher who used Telegram as teaching media in English teaching and 2 students who are taught by this teaching media were being participants in this qualitative study. The observation checklist form adapted from Lubis (2018) and the interview guidelines adapted from Chorida (2017) was used to gain the data. To reach the objective of the study, the researcher conducted online observation and interviews with those participants. The finding shows that the implementation of Telegram at SMKN 4 Malang can give positive impact in English language teaching. The use of Telegram facilitates students to autonomously learn. It is due to all of the materials needed by students are already provided with clear instructions by the English teacher in one of its features called Bot API. Related to the student responses in using Telegram application, students are pretty attractive to use this Telegram application as the teaching media. Therefore, it is suggested to English teachers to implement Telegram application as one of teaching media in delivering materials.
PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN SERAPAN FOSFOR TANAMAN JAGUNG PADA ULTISOL
Authors: Herhandini Diva Ariella , Suntari Retno , Citraresmini Ania
Published: July 2021

Rice husk biochar and compost application are expected to improve soil chemical properties such as pH, organic carbon, and available P in Ultisol, which in turn improves crop growth and P uptake by plants. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the combination of rice husk biochar and compost on the soil chemical properties (pH, organic carbon, and available P), maize growth, and P uptake by maize in an Ultisol. The research used a Randomized Block Design with six treatments (P0: control; P1: 4 t biochar ha-1; P2: 30 t compost ha-1; P3: 4 t biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1; P4: 8 t biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1; P5: 4 t biochar ha-1 and 60 t compost ha-1) and four replications. The result showed that the combination of 8 t rice husk biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1 showed a significant effect on increasing pH, organic carbon, and available P in an Ultisol, increasing the height of maize crops at 4 and 6 WAP (weeks after planting). However, it had no effect on the number of leaves and showed an effect on the increase in P uptake of maize crop.
Finite element modelling of several physical engineering problems
Authors: Wahab Magd A.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to a wide range of physical engineering problems and analysis types. It summarises some of the research works carried out by the author using FEM. The types of analysis, which are coved in this paper, include linear and non-linear stress analysis, heat transfer analysis, diffusion analysis, coupled thermal-stress and coupled diffusionstress analysis, fracture mechanics analysis and modelling of macro-cracks, fatigue damage initiation and crack propagation analysis, modal analysis, transient dynamics analysis and traffic flow analysis.
Fatigue behaviour of threaded couplings – experimental research
Authors: Meertens Bruno , De Baets Patrick , De Waele Wim , Van Wittenberghe Jeroen
Published: July 2021

In this article the fatigue behaviour of threaded connections is studied, as used in oil country tubular goods (OCTG). Some manufacturers have designed their own couplings (so called „premium connections‟) and they claim having an improved fatigue life or better sealability. This study will compare different coupling designs with the standard API connection. The methods used to compare the different designs are based on two-dimensional finite element analyses. Experimental research is conducted to validate the results of the FEA. The experimental research consists of a 4-point bending fatigue test, which will result in a SN-curve for the threaded connection. Based on numerical and experimental results a performance factor is deduced for the particular connection design. This factor will be used to find the best design of threaded couplings. As eventual goal of this study, with the insights gained, a threadedconnection with optimized fatigue life and sealability will be designed.
Tribological behavior of wire-EDM’ed ZrO2 composites and cemented carbides
Authors: Perez Delgado Yeczain , Bonny Koen , De Baets Patrick , Malek O. , Vleugels J. , Lauwers B.
Published: July 2021

Five ZrO2-based composites (ZrO2-WC, ZrO2-TiCN and ZrO2-TiN grades) and five WC-Co cemented carbide grades were machined by wire-EDM and tested on a linearly reciprocating sliding pin-on-flat tribometer PLINT TE77 in dry conditions against WC-6wt%Co pins. Measurement of friction coefficient and penetration depth due to wear was performed continuously. The results revealed a strong influence of the secondary phase, surface finish, chemical and mechanical properties on the tribological characteristics of the ZrO2-based composites and cemented carbides. WC10Co(Cr/V) displayed superior wear resistance compared to the other grades. The lowest coefficient of friction was encountered with ZrO2-WC.
Review and classification of fretting fatigue test rigs
Authors: De Pauw Jan , De Baets Patrick , De Waele Wim
Published: July 2021

There is no standard or generally accepted test rig for fretting fatigue experiments. Therefore,researchers adopt an existing concept, or build a new test rig that meets their specific requirements.However, too many different test rigs may be disadvantageous because the results of two different test rigsare hard to compare. The increasing amount of diversity is mainly caused by the lack of a recent literaturesurvey on fretting fatigue test rigs. In 1994, Hills and Nowell described a few test rigs in Mechanics OfFretting Fatigue. In this study, the authors made a classification of test rigs based on the contact geometry,which is determined by the test specimens, not by the test rig itself.Ghent University, Laboratory Soete, BelgiumThe authors of this article present a review of the available literature, and present a classification based onthe properties of test rigs. Fretting fatigue test rigs are first divided in two categories based on the geometryof the test specimen: full scale and coupon scale test rigs. The latter are mostly used to perform researchand are subdivided in categories based on increasing functionalities. This is the ability to apply a fatigueload, a constant normal force, and an alternating slip in the range of some micrometers. In time, from thefifties until now, progress has been seen in the design of fretting fatigue test rigs. More parameters can becontrolled during experiments and more measuring techniques are incorporated. State of the art test rigsare classified in the last category with most functionalities, but still have imperfections. Future designerscan use this article to classify their needs, or help to design a better test rig knowing the imperfections ofthe state of the art test rigs.
Novel cylinder positioning system realised by using solenoid valves
Authors: Földi L , Béres Z. , Sárközi E.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a novel control design, developed to realise fast and accurate positioncontrol of a pneumatic actuator using inexpensive on/off solenoid valves. In contrast to conventional controlmethods, the proposed control method operates chatter free, based on air compression. The controlprinciple was developed by investigating the dynamics of a pneumatic actuator with an identifiedmathematical model. This new approach is applied to a pneumatic double acting cylinder, controlled by apair of 5/3 way directional single solenoid valves. The described closed-loop circuit copes with thediscontinuities associated with the valve’s switching dynamics, and relatively long response time. Theexperimental apparatus uses an analogue displacement encoder for metering the piston’s position andvelocity, and doesn’t incorporate pressure sensors thus ensuring a low cost system design. The results ofexperiments with various step responses show that the proposed control method performs well. Themeasured steady-state position errors are equal to the used potentiometer’s travel resolution, which is 0,01mm. Therefore this novel control and the related pneumatic system design could be a cost effectivealternative to the servo-pneumatic positioning systems.
Design of crack arrestors for ultra high grade gas transmission pipelines: simulation of crack initiation, propagation and arrest
Authors: Van den Abeele F. , Di Biagio M. , Amlung L.
Published: July 2021

One of the major challenges in the design of ultra high grade (X100) gas pipelines is the identification of areliable crack propagation strategy. Recent research results have shown that the newly developed highstrength and large diameter gas pipelines, when operated at severe conditions, may not be able to arrest arunning ductile crack through pipe material properties. Hence, the use of crack arrestors is required in thedesign of safe and reliable pipeline systems.A conventional crack arrestor can be a high toughness pipe insert, or a local joint with higher wall thickness.According to experimental results of full-scale burst tests, composite crack arrestors are one of the mostpromising technologies. Such crack arrestors are made of fibre reinforced plastics which provide the pipewith an additional hoop constraint. In this paper, numerical tools to simulate crack initiation, propagationand arrest in composite crack arrestors are introduced.First, the in-use behaviour of composite crack arrestors is evaluated by means of large scale tensile testsand four point bending experiments. The ability of different stress based orthotropic failure measures topredict the onset of material degradation is compared. Then, computational fracture mechanics is applied tosimulate ductile crack propagation in high pressure gas pipelines, and the corresponding crack growth inthe composite arrestor. The combination of numerical simulation and experimental research allows derivingdesign guidelines for composite crack arrestors.
Dental implants, what should be known before starting an in vitro study
Authors: Verplancke Kim , De Waele Wim , De Bruyn H.
Published: July 2021

Dental implant–abutment systems are used as anchors to support single or multi-unit prosthesesfor partially or fully edentulous patients. In vitro experiments and finite element analyses can be used toinvestigate their mechanical performance. Accurate information is needed on the geometry, materialproperties and friction coefficients of different implant-abutment components, on real loading conditions,and elastic properties of human jawbone. Information can be retrieved from previously reported studies orexperiments. This paper provides a summary of a small but representative part hereof. Research hasshown that the elastic properties of human jawbone are direction dependent and that the Young’s modulus(E) also depends on the bone type. Other studies investigated the maximum bite forces and reported abroad range of results, from 200 to 2000 N. Static experiments are typically performed with axial or bendingloads to evaluate the performance of dental implant systems. Dynamic tests simulate chewing cycles andare used to evaluate the fatigue endurance. The supporting structure of the implant system should berepresentative for the bone structure. Finite element models are ideally suited to evaluate thebiomechanical behaviour of implant systems. Accurate representation of the supporting bone and itsinteraction with the implant is crucial.
Conceptual design of a fretting fatigue testing device
Authors: Borms N. , De Schamphelaere D. , De Pauw J. , De Baets P. , De Waele W.
Published: July 2021

Fretting fatigue occurs in contacting parts which are simultaneously subjected to fluctuating loadsand very small sliding movements. This phenomenon can significantly reduce the fatigue life ofcomponents. This paper focuses on the conceptual design of an advanced,Ghent University, Laboratory Soete, Belgiumespecially in functionality andhuman engineering,Keywords Fretting, fatigue, test rigtest rig for fretting fatigue experiments. Different designs of test rigs are evaluated byweighing their advantages and disadvantages.
Friction welding of steel to ceramic
Authors: Rombaut P. , De Waele W. , Faes K.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this paper is to give a clear summary of the literature review performed during the master thesison friction welding on dissimilar materials. Of main interest for this work is the welding of steel to a ceramicmaterial such as alumina (Al2O3Almost all research articles that have been found in open literature state that welding steel to a ceramic isnearly impossible without using an interlayer consisting of a compatible metal. The most frequently reportedtype of weld is steel to alumina with an aluminium interlayer. For this reason the literature study included inthis thesis, also focuses on friction welding of aluminium to steel and aluminium to ceramic. A detailedexplanation will be given for the most challenging difficulties like the creation of a brittle intermetalliccompound layer in a steel-aluminium weld interface and the creation of fatal thermally induced stresses inan aluminium-ceramic weld interface. Both of these problems must be dealt with in order to produce astrong bond. A redesigned rotary friction welding machine is currently being assembled and will be used forthe experimental part of this research.). Because of the difficulties involved in producing a sound weld for thismaterial combination, not a lot of literature is available on this topic. This paper starts with a discussion onthe basics of friction welding and typical problems encountered in welding of steel to ceramic.
DAS “MINA” ÀS MENINAS NA LINJU :
Authors: Oliveira Maria Anória de Jesus
Published: July 2021

Este texto resulta da atuação das autoras no campo das literaturas afro-brasileiras e africanas destinadas às crianças e aos jovens. Trata-se, no caso, de uma das linguagens das margens ainda preterida nas instituições acadêmicas enquanto campo de pesquisa (OLIVEIRA, 2010). Levando-se em conta o impacto do racismo estrutural e epistêmico, além da necessidade de romper com tais correntes de pensamentos (LIMA; SOUZA, 2018), focaliza-se o protagonismo negro em três narrativas publicadas após a sanção da Lei Federal 10.639/03. O objetivo é, portanto, destacar alguns aspectos inovadores nas seguintes narrativas: A cor da ternura, de Geni Guimarães (1989) e ilustração de Saritah Barbosa; Entremeio sem babado, de Patrícias Santana (2007) e ilustração de Marcial Ávila; e As tranças de Bintou, de Sylviane A. Diouf (2014)[1] e ilustração de Shane W. Evans. Com esse propósito, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, problematizando o racismo no Brasil e ressaltando a importancia da referida literatura na conjuntura brasileira, sem preterir as respectivas fundamentações, para quem almeja arofundar outros estudos. Foi assim demarcado o “lugar de fala” (hooks, 2019). O texto foi (re)estruturado em um momento tenso, de Covid e de recrudescimento da necropolítica (MBEMBE, 2018). Não se poderia, desse modo, ignorar o cenário no qual emerge, levando a situá-lo inicialmente e, também, trazer à cena outros pontos para o presente encontro. É o que compõe as duas primeiras seções, e, nas seguintes, como contraponto, percorre-se o universo das citadas literaturas e de estudos na área, buscando chamar a atenção para a relevância de Geni, Kizzy e Bintou, as protagonistas em foco, para aguçar a criança e o jovem que habitam em cada um de nós, a despeito das travessias. Enfim, para além do desalento e da Covid-19, concluímos que as linguagens das margens aqui entrelaçdas são mais que um convite à leitura e podem contribuir para nutrir a subjetividade, a sensibilidade e a nossa criatividade, na arte de tecer o caminhar.
UMA ESTRATEGIA DE ENSINO EMANCIPATÓRIO FUNDADA NA TEORIA DAS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS
Authors: Lombardi Giseli Passador , Novaes Adelina de Oliveira
Published: July 2021

A relação dialógica entre docentes e estudantes motivou o desenvolvimento do estudo que possuiu duplo objetivo: buscou associar a investigação do significado atribuído por educandos a um componente curricular ao de criar uma estratégia pedagógica fundada na teoria das representações sociais. Durante um semestre, a referida estratégia foi sendo desenvolvida e investigada junto a educandos de ensino superior, amparando-se em procedimentos de pesquisa científica e intervenções pedagógicas. A identificação de eixos de significação no início do curso permitiu a exploração, junto com os estudantes, de métodos amparados pelos princípios da pedagogia freireana e da avaliação emancipatória, sendo dada a oportunidade de participarem como sujeitos ativos, de negociarem representações sociais. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a mudança de representações estereotipadas, sobretudo no que concerne ao valor associado ao componente curricular objeto do estudo, e podem servir de suporte para que outros profissionais da educação busquem uma aproximação de educandos com conhecimentos reificados.
Educação contra os quadros de guerra
Authors: Silva Fernando Guimarães Oliveira da
Published: July 2021

Este texto é um ensaio no campo da filosofia da educação, faz parte do projeto de pesquisa, Contribuições da interseccionalidade com as diferenças para se problematizar o saber-fazer docente, desenvolvido junto à Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS). Como objetivo, é proposto problematizar o compromisso ético-político da educação a serviço da desconstrução do favorecimento dos quadros de guerra, proposto pelo enfoque butleriano, naturalmente propagados, na atualidade, contra as diferenças. Com abordagem no terreno das pesquisas pós-críticas em educação, a pesquisa bibliográfica se fez exploratória e descritiva a fim de evocar pesquisadores/as da educação para revigorar o projeto-compromisso ético-político brasileiro em prol da educação escolar pública e democrática. Na atualidade, são criados, a exemplo do atual governo, o fomento aos quadros de guerra, por meio de intensos discursos de ódio às diferenças de gênero, sexualidades, raça, etnias... que reascende a luta.
O protagonismo de líderes negros nos livros infantis após a promulgação da Lei 10.639/03: ressignificando visões simplistas?
Authors: SILVA VIVIAN
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar a obra Madiba, o menino africano (2011), uma narrativa biográfica que traz como personagem principal Nelson Mandela, por meio da observação dos aspectos gráficos, editoriais e enunciativos do exemplar. A partir disto, objetivamos discutir de que modo os livros infantis publicados após a promulgação da Lei 10.639/2003, tecem suas representações e, ainda, como estas representações estão atreladas às instâncias de poder, como a escola e o governo. Nossas conclusões partem da reflexão de que embora o personagem negro figure como protagonista nestes livros, sua representação tende a ser baseada em percepções colonialistas; ademais, estas percepções inclinam-se a selecionar certos aspectos da sua trajetória que podem construir um imaginário social que vê o sujeito negro como pacífico ante às situações de racismo/preconceito. Deste modo, embora os relatos biográficos acerca de personagens negros sejam de grande relevância social — uma vez que ressignificam o imaginário coletivo quanto a aparência e origem do herói —, estes relatos ainda se atrelam a uma representação simplista tanto da África do Sul quanto do líder político, devendo ser repensados enquanto elementos representativos dos grupos étnico raciais nos livros literários.
Formación de líderes sociales para el desarrollo local una aproximación desde la innovación social
Authors: Cortez López Mauricio
Published: July 2021

Se presenta una propuesta de intervención social interdisciplinaria desde el enfoque de la innovación social, a través de la experiencia formativa desarrollada en una Escuela de Dirigentes Sociales, en la comuna de Santiago de Chile. Para ello, se plantea una aproximación teórico-metodológica que vincula innovación social con desarrollo local, así como la caracterización del proceso formativo de los dirigentes y sus principales resultados. El artículo concluye señalando que desarrollar competencias en innovación social en líderes sociales, bajo el enfoque y metodología planteada, se puede vincular de manera directa con procesos de desarrollo local.
Mithras, Neoplatonism and the stars
Authors: Ionescu Dan-Tudor
Published: July 2021

The main ideas of this study (which is a continuation of my former article entitled “Mithras, Sol Invictus, and the Astral Philosophical Connections”) are the following: I. The dichotomy and differences between the two main groups of theories regarding the origins of the Roman mystery cult of Mithras, namely the school of the great Belgian scholar Franz Cumont, who considered Mithraism in the Roman world as an essentially Iranian cult adapted to the new cultural Hellenistic-Roman context, and the theory of the 19th century German scholar K. B. Stark (revived in the 1970s by academics like R. Beck, J. R. Hinnells, S. Insler, R. Gordon, and A. Bausani, who considered that the Roman cult of the solar god Mithras was a new mystery cult which was born in the Roman world because of the Hellenistic scientific discovery of the precession of the equinoxes.1 My conclusion is that the Roman cult of Mithras, fused with the cult of Sol Invictus (the Hellenistic-Roman cult of the Unvanquished Sun), has more things Iranian than the name of the central deity of this initiation-mystery cult (despite its undeniable Hellenistic-Roman and astrological-astronomical elements). II. The astral element as a potent religious component of the religious and philosophical mentality of the so-called “mystery religious and initiation cults” in the Roman Empire is seen in Roman Mithraism as a ladder for the journey of the soul through the astral spheres towards perfection or possibly towards liberation (these are modern interpretations, since we do not have any consistent Mithraic religious-liturgical text). III. The role of Neo-Platonist philosophy in the religious and philosophical landscape of the 3rd and 4th centuries CE of the Late Roman Empire and its possible relationship with the Roman cult of Mithras.
Isis the immigrant and Roman toleration
Authors: Walker Henry John
Published: July 2021

In adopting a foreign cult, ancient Roman worshippers were not searching for a new religion to replace their old one, but rather seeking to expand the range of gods and practices at their disposal. They assumed that all traditional gods and religions were valid and effective. There was, therefore, an implicit toleration built into the system of ancient polytheism, and this was admired by the thinkers of the Enlightenment, though the Roman state never guaranteed freedom of worship. The cult of Isis was distasteful to the Roman élite, and the government often reacted brutally to particular actions by her worshippers. Nevertheless, her cult was always popular with the general public and the state never wished to abolish it, and eventually built a public temple to Isis. The worshippers of Isis tested the limits of Roman toleration and demonstrated its vitality.
Continuity through change: Augustus and a change without a break
Authors: Roncaglia Alessandro
Published: July 2021

“Everything needs to change, so everything can stay the same”: this sentence, overstepping the borders of its novel (the famous G. T. di Lampedusa’s “The Leopard”) and the context of the reaction of local nobles to Garibaldi’s Sicilian expedition, has entered in a sort of timeless dimension, becoming appropriate for several ages and events. It effectively depicts the case of the “Augustan Revolution” – recalling Ronald Syme – when the birth of the new regime brought with it a pivotal change and the need to hide it under the cloak of continuity. Augustus’ absolute preeminence was by itself the proof of a completely new situation; the will and the need to show continuity was instead evident in his flaunted adherence to republican laws, according to which he assumed only the powers prescribed by the Roman “constitution”, but exceeding them in virtue of his superior “auctoritas”. In this continuous dualism between persistence and rupture, I shall attempt to consider what in actual fact changed and what did not. I think that behind the idea of a complete transformation it is possible to see a politics that was still working in accordance with the same guide-lines and in the same ways.
Image, text, corpus in the stories of Narcisus and Pygmalion in Ovid's "Metamorphoses"
Authors: Darab Ágnes
Published: July 2021

The article offers a comparative analysis of Ovid’s stories of Narcissus and Pygmalion. The analysis highlights the intertextual link between the two narratives, and uses it as the basis for comparison, focusing on the single aspect: who creates what, and how. The paper concludes that what is at stake in the two texts at a fundamental level can be found in the sphere of aesthetics
cult of Glykon as a 'New Religious Movement'
Authors: Sarefield Daniel
Published: July 2021

This essay explores the integration of eastern religions into the Roman world during the early Empire by examining one particularly successful example, the Cult of Glykon, which became popular during the later second century and following. Drawing on the characteristics that social scientists have identified as most significant in contributing to the success of New Religious Movements (NRMs) in the recent past, the presence of these features in the Cult of Glykon is considered from the surviving evidence, including the satire Alexander or the False Prophet, which was written by Lucian of Samosata. As this discussion makes clear, the Cult of Glykon appears to have achieved some measure of success as a New Religious Movement in the Roman world because it possessed many of the same characteristics. They are, therefore, a useful starting point for exploring the integration of other religious groups in the Roman world.