bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serosurvey and associated risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle in Egypt
Authors: Marzok Mohamed , Gattan Hattan S. , Salem Mohamed , Selim Abdelfattah
Published: October 2024

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is widely spread, poses a considerable risk of infection in the majority of dairy farms, causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive problems. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and the risk variables associated with the seroprevalence of BVDV infection in cattle in four Egyptian governorates. A total of 680 blood samples were collected from cattle and examined for the presence of antibodies against BVDV using indirect ELISA (iELISA). Reproductive and management factors were considered, and epidemiological surveys were conducted. The total seroprevalence of BVDV in cattle was 18.24% (124/680) and it was significantly higher in females 19.66% (116/590), cattle older than 8 years 22.14% (62/280), dairy animals 22.65% (94/514), introduction of new animals to herd 21.39% (89/416), breeding with artificial insemination 28.46% (74/260), animals with history of abortion 28.76% (49/357), or during lactation stage 23% (89/387). The present findings suggest that BVD is prevalent in Egyptian dairy cattle and has an impact on farm productivity and production. Therefore, older, lactating, and aborted animals should also be identified for the disease, pose a risk of infection, and be handled appropriately.
Bleeding disorder in a Holstein calf comparable to bovine neonatal pancytopenia
Authors: Phipps AJ
Published: October 2024

The clinical findings associated with a bleeding disorder, suspected to be an immune mediated pathogenesis comparable to bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), in a 14‐day‐old Holstein calf are summarised. The clinical examination, clinical laboratory findings, treatment, postmortem findings and referral laboratory diagnostics are reported and discussed in relation to existing knowledge of bleeding disorders in cattle. Veterinary attention was required for a twin 14‐day‐old Holstein calf that was lethargic, weak and had pale mucous membranes. On clinical examination the calf was tachycardic had pale mucous membranes with petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages on the ventral surface of the tongue, petechial haemorrhages on the vulval membranes and scleral haemorrhage. The calf received 1.1 L of whole blood from a donor cow to which the calf initially responded. The calf's health appeared to wax and wane over the following 19 days and despite further intervention, the calf died. A postmortem was carried out and samples were submitted to the state laboratory for cytological, histopathological, parasitological and serological examination. Although no exact aetiology was found, there is evidence to suggest that the bleeding disorder was immune‐mediated, with a pathogenesis comparable to BNP. To the author's knowledge, this case report is the first peer‐reviewed manuscript to describe the clinical presentation similar to BNP in an Australian Holstein calf.
Incidence and risk factors for limb fracture in greyhound racing in Western Australia
Authors: Gibson MJ , Legg KA , Gee EK , Smet A , Medd J , McMullen C , Auld L , Rogers CW
Published: October 2024

Identification of risk factors for race day injury can improve greyhound welfare. Race day fractures are the most significant injury event and have the greatest negative impact on dog welfare and the industry's social license to operate. This study aimed to describe the incidence and risk factors for race‐related fractures in greyhounds racing in Western Australia. Electronic extracts describing race level data and race day injuries were provided by Racing and Wagering Western Australia (RWWA). The incidence rate (IR) of fractures for all greyhound race starts in Western Australia from 1 January 2017–31/12/2023 was calculated per 1000 starts. Univariable and multivariable models using Poisson regression were used to calculate the IR ratio of fracture type based on race and greyhound‐level factors. There were 198,008 racing starts and 662 (n = 643, 97.1% involving the limbs) fractures resulting in an IR of 3.3 fractures per 1000 starts (95%CI 3.1–3.6). Greyhounds that had an injury in their previous race were 2.3 times (95%CI1.4–4.3) more likely to have a forelimb fracture than greyhounds that did not have an injury (P = 0.013). The risk of tarsal bone fracture was greater in greyhounds older than 30 months and greyhounds that had not raced in the previous 15 days. Risk factors for fractures in the forelimb were associated with trauma after interference or dog collisions, whereas tarsal fractures were associated with strain and cyclic loading from race training/racing. Changes to racing structure, rules and policies based on these risk factors may help to reduce fracture incidence in racing greyhounds.
From acceptance to change: The role of acceptance in the effectiveness of the Informative Process Model for conflict resolution
Authors: Ben‐Ezer Inbal , Rosler Nimrod , Sharvit Keren , Wiener‐Blotner Ori , Bar‐Tal Daniel , Nasie Meytal , Hameiri Boaz
Published: October 2024

The Informative Process Model (IPM) proposes an intervention to facilitate change in conflict‐supporting narratives in protracted conflicts. These narratives develop to help societies cope with conflict; but over time, they turn into barriers for its resolution. The IPM suggests raising awareness of the psychological processes responsible for the development of these narratives and their possibility for change, which may unfreeze conflict attitudes. Previous studies in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict found that the IPM (versus control) increased participants' support for negotiations. In three preregistered studies (combined N = 2,509), we illuminate the importance of feeling that one's conflict‐related attitudes are accepted–that is, acknowledged without judgement–in explaining the effectiveness of the modeland expand the IPM's validity and generalizability: By showing the effectiveness of the IPM compared to an intervention similarly based on exposure to conflict‐related information (Study 1); by showing its effectiveness in unfreezing attitudes when communicating different thematic conflict‐supporting narratives–victimhood and security (Study 2); and by showing its effectiveness when using messages referring to ongoing, not only resolved conflicts, and text‐based, not only visually stimulating, message styles (Study 3). These results contribute to theory and practice on psychological interventions addressing the barrier of conflict‐supporting narratives.
The real McCoy: A record of deep‐water basin deposition in southwestern North America during the Cretaceous
Authors: Caylor Emilia A. , Carrapa Barbara , DeCelles Peter G. , Gehrels George E.
Published: October 2024

The McCoy Mountains Formation (McMF) in southern California–Arizona preserves an anomalously thick record of sedimentation during the Mesozoic at a critical time when western North America experienced contrasting tectonic events related to intracontinental rifting along the Mexican Border rift system and consolidation of the North American Cordilleran system. The spaciotemporal interactions among these events and the development of the McCoy basin challenge our understanding of the evolution of the southern extent of North America. At its type locality in the McCoy Mountains, the McMF consists of ~ 7 km of low‐grade metasedimentary rocks, originally interpreted as meandering fluvial to alluvial‐fan deposits. Uncertainty in the initial timing of sedimentation in the McCoy basin has resulted in multiple tectonic models. We measured ~ 7160 m of detailed stratigraphy and present new sedimentological and detrital zircon results showing that the McCoy basin was occupied by deep‐water turbidite systems. These systems deposited an upward‐coarsening succession of fine‐ to coarse‐grained detritus during the Cretaceous (ca. 137–70 Ma). Provenance data indicate that the McCoy basin received sediment from Proterozoic basement rocks and metamorphosed Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary units. These source rocks are equivalent to the stratigraphy found in the Grand Canyon and Colorado Plateau regions and were likely shed from the southward‐advancing Maria fold‐thrust belt and possibly the southern Sevier belt in southern Nevada and California. These results, combined with subsidence curves typical of foreland basins, favour deposition within a subaqueous flexural foreland basin system. The presence of a Cretaceous foreland basin this far southwest challenges previously proposed models and suggests that the contractional tectonic regime associated with the North American Cordillera extended into the southwestern most United States during the Early–Late Cretaceous.
Cognate beginnings to bilingual lexical acquisition
Authors: Garcia‐Castro Gonzalo , Avila‐Varela Daniela S. , Castillejo Ignacio , Sebastian‐Galles Nuria
Published: October 2024

Recent studies suggest that cognateness boosts bilingual lexical acquisition. This study proposes an account in which language co‐activation accelerates accumulation of word‐learning instances across languages. This account predicts a larger cognate facilitation for words in the lower‐exposure language than in the higher‐exposure language, as the former receive co‐activation from their translations more frequently. Bayesian Item Response Theory was used to model acquisition trajectories for 604 Catalan‐Spanish translations from a dataset of 366 12–32 month‐old bilinguals (M = 22.23 months, 175 female, mainly White, collected 2020–2022). Results show a larger cognate facilitation for words in the lower‐exposure language (d = .276), than for words in the higher‐exposure language (d = .022), supporting a language exposure‐moderated account for the effect of cognateness on lexical acquisition.
Real‐world safety and treatment patterns of subcutaneous IgPro20 for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Post‐marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Terasaka Naoki , Mizushima Takanori , Niwa Yuki , Akasaki Tetsushi , Usui Hideo
Published: October 2024

Objectives

IgPro20, a subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy, is approved in Japan for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). This post‐marketing surveillance study characterized real‐world treatment patterns and safety profile of injection site reactions associated with IgPro20 treatment in Japanese patients with CIDP.

Methods

Patients with CIDP initiating IgPro20 between October 2019 and September 2022 at medical institutions in Japan were followed for 6 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of injection site reactions. Other outcomes included patient clinicodemographic characteristics, IgPro20 treatment status, CIDP‐related concomitant medications and any concurrent therapies.

Results

The analysis included 108 patients from 38 sites. CIDP subtypes were typical (61.1%), multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (multifocal; 19.4%), others (14.8%) or unknown (4.6%). Approximately one‐fifth (21.3%) of patients commenced IgPro20 at a dosage of <200 mg/kg, 27.8% at ≥200 to ≤300 mg/kg, 37.0% at >300 to ≤400 mg/kg and 11.1% at >400 mg/kg. Most doses (82.7%) were given at home: 62.0% self‐administered, 11.7% with caregiver and 8.9% with healthcare professional assistance. A total of 55 patients used CIDP‐related concomitant medications, including corticosteroids (35.2%), immunosuppressants (19.4%) or intravenous immunoglobulin G (7.4%). The data also showed that various treatment patterns were used for these combinations. A total of 40 patients (37.0%) experienced injection site reactions, most frequently injection site erythema (21.3%) and injection site swelling (17.6%); one case of ulcer occurred (0.9%). No significant relationship between injection dosage/speed and the incidence of injection site reactions was observed.

Conclusions

This study of the use of subcutaneous IgPro20 for CIDP in Japan showed a real‐world safety profile consistent with phase III trial data.
Progression of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Busebee Bradley T. , Chin Jerry Yung‐Lun , Mara Kristin , Johnson Brad , Takahashi Naoki , Majumder Shounak , Watt Kymberly D.
Published: October 2024

Background

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most commonly identified pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Incidentally detected IPMNs are common among liver transplant recipients. The risk of IPMN progression to pancreatic cancer in transplant recipients and the impact of immunosuppression on the risk of malignant transformation of IPMN are unclear.

Methods

In this retrospective study of consecutive liver transplant recipients across Mayo Clinic over a 13‐year period, patients were assessed for possible IPMN by automated chart review. Pancreatic cystic lesions were characterized as suspected IPMNs based on imaging criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between IPMN progression (the development of cancer or worrisome features) and clinical and immunosuppression regimen characteristics.

Results

Of 146 patients with suspected IPMNs, progression occurred in 7 patients (2 cases of IPMN‐associated cancer and 5 cases of worrisome features) over an average follow‐up of 66.6 months. Immunosuppression type, medication number, and tacrolimus trough levels were not associated with IPMN progression (p > 0.05). Combined kidney and liver transplantation (p = 0.005) and pretransplant cholangiocarcinoma (p = 0.012) were associated with IPMN progression.

Conclusion

IPMN progression is rare after liver transplantation even over an extended follow‐up period. The findings were notable for the absence of an association between IPMN progression and immunosuppression regimen. Larger studies are needed given the low incidence.
1115. Callicarpa glabra Koidz
Authors: Takeda Kazuya , Yamanaka Masumi , Vasques Diego T.
Published: October 2024

Callicarpa glabra Koidz., described from the Bonin Islands in 1918, is illustrated. Its ecology and evolution are discussed along with the adaptive radiation of Callicarpa in the Bonin Islands. Oceanic island biota offer fascinating examples of evolution, but are also vulnerable to disturbance, so further efforts are needed to conserve the biodiversity of the Bonin Islands.
Proposal of classification and terminology of interventional endoscopic ultrasonography/endosonography
Authors: Isayama Hiroyuki , Nakai Yousuke , Matsuda Koji , Kanno Yoshihide , Hara Kazuo , Ogura Takeshi , Abe Nobutsugu , Katanuma Akio , Kitano Masayuki , Yasuda Ichiro , Okano Naoki , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Fujita Naotaka , Inui Kazuo , Ueki Toshiharu , Irisawa Atsushi , Yamano Hiro‐o ,   The Subcommittee for Terminology of Interventional EUS of Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society
Published: October 2024

Interventional endoscopic ultrasonography/endosongraphy (I‐EUS) procedures have rapidly evolved since their introduction three decades ago; however, the classification and terminology for these procedures remain unstandardized. To address this, the Subcommittee for Terminology of I‐EUS in the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society was established to define classifications and a glossary of I‐EUS terms. They categorized I‐EUS procedures into five types based on purpose and method: (i) EUS‐guided sampling; (ii) EUS‐guided through‐the‐needle examination; (iii) EUS‐guided drainage/anastomosis (EUS‐D/A); (iv) trans‐endosonographically/EUS‐guided created route (ESCR) procedures; and (v) EUS‐guided delivery. EUS‐guided sampling includes tissue acquisition and fluid sampling, classified by needle type into fine needle aspiration and fine needle biopsy. Through‐the‐needle examinations include imaging, measurements, and biopsies. EUS‐D/A includes organ drainage/anastomosis, fluid collection drainage, and digestive tract anastomosis. In the EUS‐D/A route, “anastomosis” is used for organ‐to‐organ procedures, whereas “tract” is for fluid drainage. ESCR is a newly proposed term for procedures via anastomosis or tract, such as endoscopic necrosectomy and EUS‐guided antegrade stenting. The term “trans‐luminal drainage/anastomosis stent” is used for stents that maintain the ESCR rather than treating strictures. EUS‐guided delivery involves the delivery of substances, such as fluids, drugs, medical devices, and energy. This proposed categorization and terminology aimed to clarify I‐EUS procedures and will require updates as new techniques and concepts emerge.
Psilocybin reduces functional correlation and the encoding of spatial information by neurons in mouse retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Ivan Victorita E. , Tomàs‐Cuesta David P. , Esteves Ingrid M. , Luczak Artur , Mohajerani Majid , McNaughton Bruce L. , Gruber Aaron J.
Published: October 2024

Psychedelic drugs have profound effects on perception, cognition and mood. How psychedelics affect neural signaling to produce these effects remains poorly understood. We investigated the effect of the classic psychedelic psilocybin on neural activity patterns and spatial encoding in the retrosplenial cortex of head‐fixed mice navigating on a treadmill. The place specificity of neurons to distinct locations along the belt was reduced by psilocybin. Moreover, the stability of place‐related activity across trials decreased. Psilocybin also reduced the functional correlation among simultaneously recorded neurons. The 5‐HT2AR (serotonin 2A receptor) antagonist ketanserin blocked these effects. These data are consistent with proposals that psychedelics increase the entropy of neural signaling and provide a potential neural mechanism contributing to disorientation frequently reported by humans after taking psychedelics.
Assessing the Impacts of Adaptation to Native‐Range Habitats and Contemporary Founder Effects on Genetic Diversity in an Invasive Fish
Authors: Bernos Thaïs A. , Lajbner Zdenek , Kotlík Petr , Hill Jacklyn M. , Marková Silvia , Yick Jonah , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Jeffries Ken M.
Published: October 2024

Species invading non‐native habitats can cause irreversible environmental damage and economic harm. Yet, how introduced species become widespread invaders remains poorly understood. Adaptation within native‐range habitats and rapid adaptation to new environments may both influence invasion success. Here, we examine these hypotheses using 7058 SNPs from 36 native, 40 introduced and 19 farmed populations of tench, a fish native to Eurasia. We examined genetic structure among these populations and accounted for long‐term evolutionary history within the native range to assess whether introduced populations exhibited lower genetic diversity than native populations. Subsequent to infer genotype–environment correlations within native‐range habitats, we assessed whether adaptation to native environments may have shaped the success of some introduced populations. At the broad scale, two glacial refugia contributed to the ancestry and genomic diversity of tench. However, native, introduced and farmed populations of admixed origin exhibited up to 10‐fold more genetic diversity (i.e., observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and allelic richness) compared to populations with predominantly single‐source ancestry. The effects of introduction to a new location were also apparent as introduced populations exhibited fewer private alleles (mean = 9.9 and 18.9 private alleles in introduced and native populations, respectively) and higher population‐specific Fst compared to native populations, highlighting their distinctiveness relative to the pool of allelic frequencies across tench populations. Finally, introduced populations with varying levels of genetic variation and similar genetic compositions have become established and persisted under strikingly different climatic and ecological conditions. Our results suggest that lack of prior adaptation and low genetic variation may not consistently hinder the success of introduced populations for species with a demonstrated ability to expand their native range.
Predicting the equity premium with a high‐threshold risk level and the price of risk
Authors: Bansal Naresh , Stivers Chris
Published: October 2024

Over 1990 to 2023, we show that time variation in the U.S. equity premium is captured well by a parsimonious model with the CBOE's implied‐volatility index VIX and the sentiment index of Baker and Wurgler (2006, Journal of Finance, 61, 1645–1680). The equity premium declines linearly with sentiment but increases nonlinearly with VIX, stepping up appreciably when VIX exceeds a threshold around its 80th to 85th percentile. For 6‐ and 12‐month forecasting horizons, the predictive adjusted R2 values are about 19% and 29%, respectively. Our predictive findings are robustly evident for 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month horizons, in subperiods, for in‐sample and out‐of‐sample evaluations, and when adding control variables. Our interpretation is that a high‐VIX threshold identifies episodes of market stress that generally have both a sharply higher level of risk and an elevated price of risk. Sentiment complements VIX and seems particularly effective in identifying times with a low price of risk.
How do block orders affect trade premium and order execution quality on the Taiwan stock exchange?
Authors: Lien Donald , Hung Pi‐Hsia
Published: October 2024

This research investigates how block orders affect trade premium and order execution quality across trader types in Taiwan's order‐driven call market. Foreign investors place buy‐side block orders at a smaller premium compared to individuals, while submitting sell‐side block orders at a smaller discount than individuals. Block orders tend to have longer order duration but lower fill rates. Domestic institutions themselves complete their orders faster than individuals do. Foreign investors have better market‐timing capabilities either for buying or selling block orders and thus obtain shorter order duration but higher fill rate.
Dispersal Limitation Governs Bacterial Community Assembly in the Northern Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea) at the Continental Scale
Authors: Cagle Grace A. , McGrew Alicia , Baiser Benjamin , Record Sydne , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Gravel Dominique , Bittleston Leonora S. , Young Erica B. , Gray Sarah M. , Freedman Zachary B.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Ecological theory suggests that dispersal limitation and selection by climatic factors influence bacterial community assembly at a continental scale, yet the conditions governing the relative importance of each process remains unclear. The carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea provides a model aquatic microecosystem to assess bacterial communities across the host plant's north–south range in North America. This study determined the relative influences of dispersal limitation and environmental selection on the assembly of bacterial communities inhabiting S. purpurea pitchers at the continental scale.

Location

Eastern United States and Canada.

Time Period

2016.

Major Taxa Studied

Bacteria inhabiting S. purpurea pitchers.

Methods

Pitcher morphology, fluid, inquilines and prey were measured, and pitcher fluid underwent DNA sequencing for bacterial community analysis. Null modelling of β‐diversity provided estimates for the contributions of selection and dispersal limitation to community assembly, complemented by an examination of spatial clustering of individuals. Phylogenetic and ecological associations of co‐occurrence network module bacteria was determined by assessing the phylogenetic diversity and habitat preferences of member taxa.

Results

Dispersal limitation was evident from between‐site variation and spatial aggregation of individual bacterial taxa in the S. purpurea pitcher system. Selection pressure was weak across the geographic range, yet network module analysis indicated environmental selection within subgroups. A group of aquatic bacteria held traits under selection in warmer, wetter climates, and midge abundance was associated with selection for traits held by a group of saprotrophs. Processes that increased pitcher fluid volume weakened selection in one module, possibly by supporting greater bacterial dispersal.

Conclusion

Dispersal limitation governed bacterial community assembly in S. purpurea pitchers at a continental scale (74% of between‐site comparisons) and was significantly greater than selection across the range. Network modules showed evidence for selection, demonstrating that multiple processes acted concurrently in bacterial community assembly at the continental scale.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic portal hypertension, extrahepatic portal obstruction, and Budd–Chiari syndrome in Japan
Authors: Furuichi Yoshihiro , Kage Masayoshi , Ohta Masayuki , Ohfuji Satoko , Sasaki Hideyuki , Hidaka Hisashi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kanto Tatsuya , Kusano Hironori , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Obara Katsutoshi , Hashizume Makoto , Kuniyoshi Yukio , Kawaguchi Takumi , Okubo Hironao , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Hirooka Masashi , Iwakiri Yasuko , Nio Masaki , Tanaka Atsushi
Published: October 2024

This is the English version of the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic portal hypertension, extrahepatic portal obstruction, and Budd–Chiari syndrome, which were established and revised in 2018 by the Aberrant Portal Hemodynamics Study Group under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare in Japan. These guidelines are excerpts, and the full version consists of 86 clinical questions and explanations, totaling 183 pages in Japanese.
Electro‐blown micro‐nanofibrous mats with Origanum elongatum essential oil for enhancing the shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Akhouy Ghizlane , Eticha Andinet Kumella , Dogan Cemhan , Dogan Nurcan , Calisir Mehmet D. , Toptas Ali , Aziz Faissal , Akgul Yasin
Published: October 2024

This study aims to develop a novel active food packaging material from hybrid micro‐nanofibrous mats fabricated from gelatin (G)–chitosan (Ch)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–Origanum elongatum essential oil (EO), (G‐Ch‐PVA‐EO) through electro‐blowing. The fibrous mats were characterised to assess their morphologies, shelf life efficiency, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, surface‐wetting, and thermal, chemical, and physical interactions, among other factors. Results showed that the antioxidant activity was improved with the addition of EO, this enhancement is potentially linked to its rich content of phenolic components; carvacrol and P‐cymene. In addition, G‐Ch‐PVA‐EO showed higher firmness measurements compared to the control samples. Herein, low microbial counts were noted for both mesophilic aerobic bacteria (3.76 log CFU g−1) and yeast/mould (3.91 log CFU g−1) even at day 20. To conclude, the G‐Ch‐PVA‐EO microfibrous mat exhibits great promise in preserving the freshness of tomatoes.
Does the use of DACC‐coated dressings improve clinical outcomes for hard to heal wounds: A systematic review
Authors: Schwarzer Saskia , Lazaro‐Martinez Jose Luis , Killeen Amanda , Alves Paulo , Gledhill Andrea , Nygren Erik , Lavery Lawrence A. , Malone Matthew
Published: October 2024

Reports of overuse and antimicrobial resistance have fuelled some clinicians to adopt alternative wound dressings termed to be non‐medicated or non‐antimicrobials, which still claim antimicrobial or antibacterial activity. In this PROSPERO‐registered systematic review, we evaluated the in vivo clinical evidence for the effectiveness of DACC‐coated dressings in chronic, hard to heal wound‐related outcomes. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Framework was adopted as the template in constructing this systematic review. The PICO format (Population [or patients], Intervention, Comparison [control], Outcome/s) was used to identify key clinical questions in determining patient outcomes under two domains (infection control and wound healing). A systematic search was performed in PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries and data sources from independent committees. Abstracts of all studies were screened independently by two reviewers, with six further reviewers independently assessing records proceeding to full review. The authors rated the quality of evidence for each of the outcomes critical to decision making. After excluding duplicates, 748 records were screened from the databases, and 13 records were sought for full review. After full review, we excluded a further three records, leaving ten records for data extraction. Three records were narrative reviews, three systematic reviews, two prospective non‐comparative before/after studies, one prospective head‐to‐head comparator cohort study and one retrospective head‐to‐head comparator cohort study. No RCTs or case versus control studies were identified. The overall quality of clinical evidence for the use of DACC‐coated dressing to improve wound infection and wound healing outcomes was assessed as very low. There is an urgent unmet need to perform appropriately designed RCTs or case–control studies. The extracted data provide no clarity and have limited to no evidence to support that using a DACC‐coated dressing improves wound infection or wound healing outcomes. Further, there is no evidence to suggest this therapy is either superior to standard of wound care or equivocal to topical antimicrobial agents in the management of infected hard to heal wounds.
A Comprehensive Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Different Infant Feeding Types: The Observational Study GREEN MOTHER
Authors: Cos‐Busquets Judit , Cabedo‐Ferreiro Rosa Maria , Liutsko Liudmila , Reyes‐Lacalle Azahara , García‐Sierra Rosa , Colldeforns‐Vidal Margalida , Andrade Edilene Pereira , Vicente‐Hernández Mª Mercedes , Gómez‐Masvidal Miriam , Montero‐Pons Laura , Torán‐Monserrat Pere , Falguera‐Puig Gemma , Cazorla‐Ortiz Gemma ,   GREEN MOTHER Group
Published: October 2024

Aim(s)

To observe and compare the environmental impacts of different types of infant feeding, considering the use of formula, infant feeding accessories, potentially increased maternal dietary intake during breastfeeding (BF) and food consumption habits.

Design

An observational cross‐sectional multicentre study conducted in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area of the Catalan Institute of Health.

Methods

Data were collected from 419 postpartum women on infant feeding type (formula milk and accessories), maternal dietary intake (24‐h register) and food consumption habits from November 2022 to April 2023. The environmental impacts (climate change (CC), water consumption and water scarcity) of the infant feeding types and maternal diet were calculated using the IPCC, ReCiPE and AWARE indicators, respectively. The differences in impacts were calculated by Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

Significant differences for the three environmental impacts were observed. The CC impact of formula milk and feeding accessories was 0.01 kg CO2eq for exclusive BF, 1.55 kg CO2eq for mixed feeding and 4.98 kg CO2eq for formula feeding. While BF mothers consumed an extra 238 kcal, no significant differences were found related to maternal diet across feeding types.

Conclusion

Exclusive BF was the most sustainable type of infant feeding, considering formula and infant feeding accessories. In our study, the difference between the impacts of BF and non‐BF mothers' diet was insignificant.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Offer informative and educational support for midwives and other healthcare professionals on BF and a healthy, sustainable diet to transfer this knowledge to the general public.

Impact

Raise the general public's awareness about BF and a healthy, sustainable diet.

To reduce environmental impacts through behavioural changes.

Reporting Method

STROBE.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients of the Catalan Health Service reviewed the content of the data collection tools.

Trial Registration: (for the whole GREEN MOTHER project): NCT05729581 (https://clinicaltrials.gov)
Supply Chain Plasticity: A Responsive Network Capability to Ensure Resilience
Authors: Guntuka Laharish , Carnovale Steven , Falcone Ellie
Published: October 2024

In the face of supply chain disruptions, firms are expected to swiftly recover and resume operations. Traditional strategies focus on restoring operations to pre‐disruption states while largely maintaining the existing supply network structure. Recent cases, however, highlight a different approach: supply chain plasticity, wherein firms undergo significant structural shifts in supply network design as a response to disruptions with the goal to improve performance. Drawing on the foundations of supply chain responsiveness and network theory, we investigate how (and if) firms redesign their supply chains against a backdrop of increased disruptions and the implications supply chain plasticity has on resilience. Rooted in network theory, this study not only theoretically compares, contrasts, and connects prior concepts with supply chain plasticity but also empirically investigates whether firms exhibit a plastic response by modifying their supply chain network structures—specifically focusing on structural holes, centrality, and clustering network dimensions. Furthermore, we hypothesize that network plasticity impacts firm performance in the form of time to recover from a disruption. The findings demonstrate that the existence and significance of network plasticity in shaping firm responses to disruptions are indeed present and can be beneficial. We also provide evidence that supply chain plasticity is an efficacious strategy to enhance resilience and recovery performance amidst heightened disruption frequency. As firms increasingly face dynamic and complex environments, understanding and leveraging network plasticity will be vital for sustaining competitive advantage and achieving long‐term success.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy guided by interventricular conduction delay: How to choose between biventricular pacing or conduction system pacing
Authors: Marallo Carmine , Landra Federico , Taddeucci Simone , Collantoni Maurizio , Martini Luca , Lunghetti Stefano , Pagliaro Antonio , Menci Daniele , Baiocchi Claudia , Fineschi Massimo , Santoro Amato
Published: October 2024

Background

Biventricular pacing (BIV) is the gold standard for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Thirty percent of patients do not respond to CRT. Conduction system pacing (CSP) represents a viable alternative. Interventricular conduction delay (IVCD), as electrical desynchrony marker, is a CRT response predictor. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of CRT responders by selecting the best approach between BIV and CPS based on intraoperative IVCD measurement in patients with HFrEF and LBBB.

Methods

Ninety‐six patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a standard BIV group(control group, CG) or a group where the CRT approach was determined based on IVCD evaluation(study group, SG). If the right ventricular sensed electrogram (RVs)–left ventricular sensed electrogram (LVs) interval was ≥100 ms, the lead was left in its original position; otherwise, the LV lead was removed, and CSP was performed instead. Clinical, EKG, and echocardiographic features have been assessed pre‐ and 6 months post‐implant. Echocardiographic and clinical responder were evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐seven percent of patients in the SG underwent CSP, as the operative algorithm. The incidence of CRT responders was significantly higher in the SG (echocardiographic criterion: 92.5% vs. 69.8%, p:.009; clinical criterion 87.5% vs. 62.8%, p:.014). The SG showed a significantly greater difference in EF between pre‐ and post‐implant as well as reduced end‐diastolic and systolic volumes. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis indicated that enrollment in the SG was the only factor associated with CRT response.

Conclusion

Intraoperative assessment of IVCD could help determine the optimal CRT approach between BIV and CSP, leading to a significant improvement in the rate of CRT responders.
CCTV image‐based classification of blocked trash screens
Authors: Smith Rory Cornelius , Barnes Andrew Paul , Wang Jingjing , Dooley Simon , Rowlatt Christopher , Kjeldsen Thomas Rodding
Published: October 2024

This study introduces image‐based classification techniques to identify whether trash screens in urban rivers are blocked. The study obtained 755 images from a CCTV camera surveying a trash screen located on an urban river at Tongwynlais in Cardiff. Manual quality control reduced the dataset to 577 images, labelled as either blocked (80%) or unblocked (20%). The performance of a logistic regression for classification of images was investigated using three different subsets of the labelled images: (1) the original dataset, (2) a balanced but under‐sampled dataset with equal number of blocked and unblocked images, and (3) an augmented dataset with an equal number of blocked and unblocked images using Gaussian noise augmentation to increase the number of unblocked images. Results show that our data‐augmentation method enhanced model accuracy by 8%, successfully classifying images as blocked or unblocked with an accuracy of 88%; by overcoming the bias in the dataset these results also highlight potential solutions to overcome the challenges of operating this methodology across a network of cameras. This enables authorities in both data rich and data scarce regions the ability to take advantage of machine learning to open up the next generation of a distributed, data‐driven flood warning systems, protecting people, infrastructure and the environment.
Meat and dairy consumption in Scottish adults: insights from a national survey
Authors: Stewart Cristina , McNeill Geraldine , Runions Ricki , Comrie Fiona , McDonald Alana , Jaacks Lindsay M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Reducing meat and dairy consumption has been advocated for environmental benefits. This study aimed to better understand meat and dairy consumption in a population with high intakes.

Methods

Dietary data were obtained from up to two online 24‐h dietary recalls of adults (≥16 years) in the 2021 Scottish Health Survey, a nationally representative, repeated cross‐sectional survey. The contribution of food groups to meat and dairy intake and the nutritional contributions of meat and milk products to intake of 28 nutrients were examined. Weighted mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) daily intakes were reported per capita, overall, and by demographic subgroups (age, gender and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation).

Results

Mean daily intakes of total meat and dairy were 80.4 g (95% CI 77.1–83.7) and 238.6 g (95% CI 228.9–248.3) per capita, respectively. Chicken dishes, beef dishes and sandwiches were the primary contributors to meat intake, together accounting for 56.1% of meat consumed. Liquid milk accounted for 63.4% of the dairy consumed. Meat products were an important source of selenium and zinc (accounting for 26% and 25% of intake, respectively), whereas milk products were an important source of calcium (34%), iodine (38%) and vitamin A (25%).

Conclusions

Although meat and dairy consumption in Scotland is high, a number of food groups contributed to meat intake, providing several opportunities to target for a reduction in line with climate change ambitions. However, careful attention is required for replacements to ensure Scottish diets are nutritionally adequate.
Deferoxamine Accelerates Mandibular Condylar Neck Fracture Early Bone Healing by Promoting Type H Vessel Proliferation
Authors: Leng Sijia , Cong Rong , Xia Yuxing , Kang Feiwu
Published: October 2024

Background

Condylar fractures (CFs) are a common type of maxillofacial trauma, especially in adolescents. Conservative treatment of CF avoids the possible complications of surgical intervention, but prolongs the patient's suffering because of the requirement for extended intermaxillary fixation. Therefore, the development of a new strategy to accelerate the rate of fracture healing to shorten the period of conservative treatment is of great clinical importance.

Objective

To investigate the potential of deferoxamine (DFO) in promoting the healing process of CF in adolescent mice.

Methods

Thirty‐two 4‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups: vehicle + sham group, vehicle + CF group, DFO + sham group and DFO + CF group. After constructing the mandibular CF model, mandibular tissue samples were collected respectively at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were employed to assess bone tissue healing and vascular formation.

Results

Deferoxamine was observed to promote the early bone healing of fracture, both radiologically and histomorphometrically. Furthermore, this enhancement of condylar neck fracture healing was attributed to the upregulation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) signalling pathway while facilitating the formation of type H vessels. In addition, DFO did not produce significant effects on the condylar neck between vehicle + sham and DFO + sham group.

Conclusion

The application of the HIF‐1α inducer DFO can enhance type H vessels expansion thereby accelerating condylar neck fracture healing.
Survival strategies of microalgae in response to fluctuating brine environments in Saroma‐ko Lagoon sea ice, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kawanobe Kyoko , Kudoh Sakae , Suzuki Yoshihiro
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the changes in sea ice temperature, microalgae species distribution, shape changes, and photosynthetic activity observed in the first‐year ice that forms in winter in Saroma‐ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan. Temperatures at the bottom of the ice remained constant at −1.7°C, near the freezing point, while they varied between −6 and −1°C with diel fluctuations at the surface layer. Carefully collected algal samples showed high photosynthetic quantum yield and acclimation to the light intensities of individual ice layers; this indicates that the algal photosynthetic activity responds to dynamic changes in the ice environment, such as variations in temperature, salinity, and brine space. The algal communities consisted of more than 95% diatoms. Smaller algal cells were distributed in the upper layer of the sea ice compared to the lower layers. Chaetoceros sp., the dominant small‐cell species, was evenly distributed throughout the layers. In contrast, Detonula confervacea, the dominant large‐cell species, was unevenly distributed in the lower layer, with smaller colony size and cell volume in the upper layer. The shape differences observed in this species were thought to be a response to the changing environment within the first‐year sea ice.
An updated model of rural hospital financial distress
Authors: Malone Tyler L. , Pink George H. , Holmes George M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To create a model that predicts future financial distress among rural hospitals.

Methods

The sample included 14,116 yearly observations of 2311 rural hospitals recorded between 2013 and 2019. We randomly separated all sampled hospitals into a training set and test set at the start of our analysis. We used hospital financial performance, government reimbursement, organizational traits, and market characteristics to predict a given hospital's risk of experiencing one of three financial distress outcomes—negative cash flow margin, negative equity, or closure.

Findings

The model's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) equaled 0.87 within the test set, indicating good predictive ability. We classified 30.55% of the observations in our sample as lowest risk of experiencing financial distress over the next 2 years. In comparison, we classified 32.52% of observations as mid‐lowest risk of distress, 26.40% of observations as mid‐highest risk, and 10.52% of observations as highest risk. Among test set observations classified as lowest‐risk, 5.78% experienced negative cash flow margin within 2 years, 1.50% experienced negative equity within 2 years, and zero observations experienced closure within 2 years. Within the highest‐risk group, 61.57% of observations experienced negative cash flow margin, 43.02% experienced negative equity, and 3.33% experienced closure.

Conclusions

Given the ongoing challenges and consequences of rural hospital unprofitability, there is a clear need for accurate assessments of financial distress risk. The financial distress model can be used by researchers, policymakers, and rural health advocates as a screening tool to identify at‐risk rural hospitals for closer monitoring.
The relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) and intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) in mechanically ventilated patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Al‐Jabri Mohammed M. , Ahmed Ghada H. , Ali Mostafa M. A. , Abdelwahab Omar , Mohamed Sherif , Mahran Ghada S. K.
Published: October 2024

Background

Positive end‐expiratory pressure is a crucial mechanical breathing parameter. Intra‐abdominal hypertension is well defined as a sustained increase in the intra‐abdominal pressure ≥12 mmHg. There are still controversies about mechanical ventilation's effect and use of positive end‐expiratory pressure on intra‐abdominal pressure.

Aims

We aimed to delineate the relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure and intra‐abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care units of a large tertiary hospital in Upper Egypt.

Study design

This study was a prospective observational study. The study was conducted at a university hospital from October 2023 to February 2024. The enrolled adult patients were allocated into two groups based on their positive end‐expiratory pressure: group I, low pressure (<8 cm H2O) and group II, high pressure (8–10 cm H2O).

Results

A total of 120 patients were enrolled, 60 patients in each group. The most commonly encountered diagnoses were pneumonia (32/120, 26.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (31/120, 25.8%), respectively. There was a significant difference between the intra‐abdominal pressure mean values of the two patient groups, 18.9 ± 3.3 versus 24.4 ± 5.9 mmHg in the group of low versus high pressure (correlation value of .454, p < .001), respectively. There were highly significant correlations between intra‐abdominal pressure categories and the patient groups (correlation value of .495, p < .001). There were 24 (40%) versus 0 (0%) patients of high pressure versus low pressure within the category IV group of intra‐abdominal hypertension (>25 mmHg).

Conclusions

We observed a significant relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure and intra‐abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients. The patient group with high pressure had higher mean values compared with the group with low pressure. The study highlights the importance of closely monitoring intra‐abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients who receive positive end‐expiratory pressure. Further studies are warranted.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The relationship between positive end‐expiratory pressure and intra‐abdominal pressure is an essential issue in daily critical care nursing clinical practice. Considering the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction as a result of a non‐detected increase in intra‐abdominal pressure, critical care nurses should pay attention to measuring this pressure to maintain intra‐abdominal pressures that are safe for mechanically ventilated and critically ill intensive care unit patients, thereby preventing these undue effects.