bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دور أدوات السياسة المالية في ردم فجوة الناتج دراسة تحليلية في عينة من الدول للمدة 2000-2020
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, حسون عباس ا. د صبحي
Published: March 2022

The importance of the research and its distinction from the previous research lies not in dealing with the ability of fiscal policy tools, i.e., government spending and taxes, to bridge the output gap, but also in it calculating the required amount of spending and taxes to close the output gap, as long as there is some amount of spending and taxes more or less than that. The required limit may cause damage to the economy, i.e., the outbreak of inflation or recession. Consequently, this research is considered as a guide for policy makers to know the required change in government spending and taxes accurately to avoid economic problems and achieve economic stability. The output gap, whether positive or negative, is a non-positive case, as long as it generates damage to the economy, represented by inflation or recession. Fiscal policy, with its various tools, may be unable to close the output gap due to the deficiency in the performance of these tools, which requires monetary policy assistance. The research problem is also indicated that when there is a recession, an expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and reducing taxes) is necessary. But when there is inflation, a contractionary policy should be followed (reducing spending and raising taxes). However, the problem is that if the exact amount of government spending and taxes changes is not determined, severe damages are generated, such as an inaccurate drug dose. This is not to mention the slowdowns or lags in the transmission of the impact of fiscal policy measures to the targeted variables. The research chose a time frame that extended from 2000 to 2020. As for the spatial aspect, it was represented in a sample from different continents in order to make a successful comparison between them. These countries are the United States, Germany, Japan and Iraq. The research found that in all countries of the research sample, the government spending gap was positive, which means that it is at a level higher than the level required to bridge the output gap, perhaps because there are other items for spending on it other than closing the output gap, as is the case for the tax gap, which exceeded the required limit to eliminate Output gap, excluding Iraq.
التعليم في العراق بين الاقتصاد المعرفي والتنمية البشرية
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, عبد الامير امين م. د حافظ
Published: March 2022

Education plays an important role in the progress of societies and the awareness and upbringing of generations to be able to build a prosperous future for a society in which security, stability, progress and advancement are achieved in all fields. Investing in human capital through quality education and knowledge is one of the most important requirements for achieving sustainable human development in its broad sense in the countries of the world. Knowledge represents the clear and sure basic characteristic of society, through which profound transformations are achieved in all aspects of life. Through investing in human capital, it has become the main engine of economic competition, increasing productivity, and the demand for new technologies and ideas, as well as adding great values to economic products and goods. Therefore, the means of knowledge should be invested correctly, efficiently and effectively by integrating skills, technical knowledge tools, innovative and advanced technology. It constitutes a real addition to the national economy and an important base for the transition to a knowledge-based economy in order to achieve sustainable human development. From here, the research started from five axes, the first talked about the basics of education and its types, the second talked about the concept of knowledge and the knowledge economy and its characteristics, the third talked about human development and its indicators, the fourth talked about education and economic growth in Iraq, and the fifth and final dealt with the role of sustainable human development in building a knowledge society and sustainable education . Finally, the most important conclusions and recommendations made by the research were mentioned.
تحليل العلاقة بين قنوات السياسة النقدية وعجز الموازنة العامة في العراق للمدة (2004 – 2017)
Authors:   كلية الادارة والاقتصاد\جامعة واسط, حقي خليل م. م. رغد , كامل غيدان أ. د. جليل
Published: March 2022

In a country such as Iraq, excessive issuance of bonds and treasury transfers by the monetary administration has become a common solution for some monetary channels seeking to cover the public budget deficit, especially for the period between (2013-2017) erroneously. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study lies in the indisputable fact that there is an inevitable necessity of a synchronization between the debt monetization process and the expansion of the use of monetary policy channels to cover the public budget deficit with the deterioration of oil revenues and the depletion of international reserves. The study aims at analyzing the negative repercussions of expanding the use of monetary policy channels in treating the public budget deficit in Iraq on the efficiency of monetary policy management. The researcher has concluded that the growing deficit rates in Iraq after 2013 made the monetary authority unable to supply the general budget with financial revenues and effective tools in solving any financial dilemma, which led to the growing need about how to optimally employ monetary policy channels in order to revitalize the movement of the economy Iraqi. The researcher recommended the need to reconsider the budget structure in a radical way to the extent that Iraq avoids resorting to the risks of deficit financing to support the operating budget through borrowing or external borrowing or resorting to internal borrowing, and this is a sincere call to impose financial discipline in economic policy in Iraq.
تحليل مؤشرات بطالة الخريجين الجامعيين في العراق بعد عام 2003
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, جبار فهد كوثر , فيصل يونس أ. م. د عبد الزهرة
Published: March 2022

The importance of the research emerges from the fact that it discusses the most prominent problems that Iraqi society suffers from, which is unemployment, especially among university graduates, given the danger of its continuation and the difficulties it may bring in light of the imbalance between education outputs and the requirements of the labor market, as the rapid expansion of university education, especially after the year 2003 and the drop in investment rates as a result of poor planning, unstable security and political conditions, as well as financial and administrative corruption, are the compound reasons for the increase in graduate unemployment rates and the inability of the labor market to absorb their increasing numbers. We proceeded in our research from the hypothesis that: “The failure of the higher education system to be guided by market data and to adapt to its needs led to a severe dissonance between its outputs and the inputs required for the continuation and development of economic activity, which led to the expansion of the phenomenon of unemployment and the intertwining of its threads, turning from a problem into a dilemma. The development vision, increasing the intensity of work and starting to build major projects, in addition to activating the role of the private sector in investment and production. Finally, the research aims to shed light on the analysis of graduates’ unemployment and how to rehabilitate and develop the educated category of young people to serve the requirements of the labor market and respond to the needs of comprehensive development.
دور استثمار الفرص وتبني المخاطرة في الاداء المصرفي
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, رشيد شندل أفراح , محمود علي أ .م . أمل
Published: March 2022

This study focused on analyzing the impact of the characteristics of the pioneering behavior of senior management on the performance of the banking organization represented by (creativity, proactivity, investing opportunities, strategic vision, adopting risk) and clarifying the role of investing opportunities and adopting risk in banking performance, according to four indicators of banking performance (adequacy indicator Capital, profitability indicator, liquidity indicator, and activity indicator) in achieving entrepreneurship in banks. The SPSS statistician for the purpose of analysis, the research was chosen for a sample of Iraqi banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange for a period of time. (2015-2019)
Perancangan Aplikasi Presensi Karyawan Berbasis Mobile Dengan Qrcode Dan Otentikasi Biometrik
Authors: Arifin Yoseph Tajul , Marlina Siti , Fahmi Nur Muhamad Rizalul
Published: March 2022

The level of performance can be assessed through the level of attendance of employees of a company, attendance is one of the parameters in evaluating employee performance. Several companies or government agencies will always maximize facilities in supporting their work activities, including the employee attendance system. Unfortunately, not all agencies or companies can implement the system properly. Some of them still use the traditional way of recording attendance. This of course can cause some problems both in terms of users or data management, especially if the number of users who make attendance is very large. In addition to data management problems, other problems such as an authentication system that is less secure and prone to fraud can occur. The purpose of this study is to design and implement an android application to make it easier for users to carry out the presence process that is installed on registered devices with the support of scanning a QR code that is generated randomly for each session with biometric authentication support to ensure only verified users run the application. Based on the statement, the application of application-based presence can speed up users in carrying out the presence process with just a few steps, and increase security and user validation.
Role of Ezetimibe in Combination with Statins(Simvastatin and Atorvastatin) in Controlling Dyslipidemia
Authors: H.Al-Malki Falah , H. Ali Shatha , A.Abdulbari Gamal
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular risk is independently increased by plasma lipids abnormalities (low- density and high density lipoprotein -cholesterol and triglycerides). Most patients have more than one lipid abnormality. Combination therapy with lipid-modifying agents could offer an important therapeutic option for improving the overall lipid profile. Combinations have demonstrated to provide additive efficacy and significant reductions in coronary events . This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ezetimibe, when used in combination with other hypolipidaemic agents ( statins) on lipid  profile as well as on liver function ,renal function, oxidative stress, and platelets  function when given to dyslipidaemic patients .  Forty four patients (24 males and 20 females) with age ranged between 40-70 years (54 Â±14.6) with dyslipidaemia on statins therapy for at least 6 month were involved in this clinical trials. They were randomized into two groups treated  with either a combination of 20 mg/day simvastatin or a combination of 20mg/day atorvastatin and 10mg/day of ezetimibe.The study also included 22 apparently healthy subjects with age ranged (40-70years) and sex(11males and 11 females) matching that of the patients group. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol -TC, triglycerides -TG, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol â€“LDL-C, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol-VLDL-C, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol â€“HDL-C), oxidative stress marker (Malondialdehyde-MDA), liver functions indices (Alanin aminotransferase -ALT,Aspartate aminotransferase- AST, total bilirubin), renal function parameters (urea, creatinine, and  microalbuminuria) and platelets function test (bleeding time)were evaluated before and after 4 and 6 weeks of starting ezetimibe treatment . Treatment with ezetimibe plus simvastatin or atrovostatin resulted in significant lowering in TC, TG, LDL-C levels with elevation in HDL-C also the LDL/HDL ratio lowered significantly ( by 38.16%). This effect was associated with significant changes in liver function , and oxidative stress without changes in platelets function nor in  renal function. The results presented in this study indicated that ezetimibe can be used in clinical practice for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, when combined with other hypolipidaemic agents like simvastatin and atorvastatin to improve the therapeutic profile with ameliorating some of their adverse effects.

Keywords : Ezetimibe , Statins , Dyslipidemia
In Situ Gelling Formulation of Naproxen for Oral Sustained Delivery System
Authors: S.Yousif Hala , I. Khalil Yehia
Published: March 2022

Naproxen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect. It is extensively bound to plasma albumin, and exhibits gastric toxicity, so it may be more efficient to deliver the drug in its sustained release dosage form and adequate blood level is achieved. Three liquid formulations with in situ gelling properties have been assessed for their potential for the oral sustained delivery of naproxen . The formulations were dilute solutions of: (a) pectin; (b) gellan gum and; (c) sodium alginate, all containing complexed calcium ion that form gels when these ions are released in the acidic environment of the stomach . The viscosity of the sols and drug release were measured, and was found to be dependent on the type and concentration of the gelling agent. Pectin sol shows the highest viscosity and drug release . The influence of variation of gastric pH and the effect of added 1.6 mM Ca++ ions on the gelation property and the release profile of the liquid formulations were examined. The efficiency of gelation was significantly reduced with increase of pH. In addition the influence of different concentrations of sorbitol were determined .The results showed that 10% w/v sorbitol is the best concentration that maintained fluidity and ease of administration for the selected formula . The selected formula was examined for its stability and expiration date, and, it was found that there was no evidence of physical changes under experimental conditions, with estimated expiration of about 4.1 years and pH of the formula stated at 5.1.

Key word: naproxen, in situ gelling, oral preparations, gel.
Genetic Variations of Echinococcus granulosus Isolated from Sheep and Cows by Using Fingerprint DNA Method in Iraq
Authors: A.A. Ibrahim Zaman , S.Muhsin Salwa , A. Risan Farhan
Published: March 2022

The fingerprinting DNA method which depends on the unique pattern in this study was employed to detect the hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus and to determine the genetic variation among their strains in different intermediate hosts (cows and sheep).  The unique pattern represents the number of amplified bands and their molecular weights with specialized sequences to one sample which different from the other samples.   Five hydatitd cysts samples  from cows and sheep were  collected, genetic analysis for  isolated DNA was done using PCR technique and  Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA reaction(RAPD) depending on (4) random primers, and the results showed:        

1-Ability of OPF-13 primer to find fingerprinting for DNA of hydatid cysts collected from cows with  

    (3) unique patterns and from sheep with (5) unique patterns.

2- Ability of OPF-06 primer to found (4) unique patterns for cows and (2) unique patterns for sheep.

3-Ability of OPF-19 primer to find fingerprinting for DNA of hydatid cysts collected  from cows (5) unique patterns and (4) unique patterns for sheep.

4-OPF-16 was unable to find the finger prints of DNA isolated from cows and sheep

Keywords : Hydatid cyst. OPF Primer .PCR.  RAPD.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Study for Purified Resveratrol Extracted from Grape Skin Fruit Vitis vinifera
Authors: Y. Mohammed Zainab , F. Al-Jumaily Essam , Y. Yaseen Nahi
Published: March 2022

This study  was  conducted  with the  aim to  extract and  purify  a  polyphenolic  compound  â€œ Resveratrolâ€ from the skin of black grapes Vitis vinifera cultivated in Iraq. The purified resveratrol is obtained after ethanolic extraction with 80% v/v solution for fresh grape skin, followed by acid hydrolysis   with   10%   HCl   solution then   the  aglycon   moiety   was  taken  with   organic   solvent

( chloroform). Using silica gel G60 packed glass column chromatography with mobile phase benzene: methanol: acetic acid  20:4:1 a partial purified resveratrol was obtained then preperative thin layer chromatography technique yielded pure crystals identified as resveratrol (mixture of two isomers cis and trans) in relation  to resveratrol standard (35 mg resveratrol crystals / 0.5 kg fresh grape skin was obtained as a result of these processes ). The study was also employed an in vitro evaluation the cytotoxic effect of pure resveratrol on some cell line including : the murine mammary adenocarcinoma AMN-3 cell line, the human laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line and the Rat embryo fibroblast (Ref) cell line, at different concentrations and different expousure time. The cytotoxic effect of the pure resveratrol was studied in comparison with trans- resveratrol standard in concentrations of (12.5, 25, 50 and 100) Âµg/ml for both purified resveratrol and the standard, also the comparism included methotrexate drug in concentrations  (0.05 , 0.1 , 0.2 and 0.4)  Âµg/ml toward the growth effects of the three types of cell lines and at three exposure times (24, 48 and 72) hours. The cytotoxic inhibition effect for the purified extracted resveratrol revealed that the highest significant effect (P<0.01) was achieved after 24 hr of exposure on both AMN-3 and Ref cell lines. Hep-2 cell line responded to extracted resveratrol in different manners.

Keywords: Resveratrol , grape skin , polyphenols, cytotoxic study
The Effect of Brucellosis on Lipid Profile and Oxidant-Antioxidants Status
Authors: H. Ali Amal
Published: March 2022

The activation of inflammatory cells, the release of their mediators, and the excessive production of free radicals may affect circulating lipids, but no evidence supports a role for peroxidation in the pathogenesis of Brucellosis disease. The aim of this work is to study the effect of Brucellosis on lipid profile concentration and oxidant-antioxidant status. We studied 20 Brucellosis patients (18 Females and 2 males) and 15 healthy controls (age average from 16 to 60 years old). Significant differences were noted between the serum lipids of Brucellosis patients and control group. Mean total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) concentrations were higher in patients than in control group (mean Â± SE 197.05 Â± 44.7, 165 Â± 37.6). (Pâ‰¤0.004, Pâ‰¤1.59Ã—l0-11) respectively. Whereas, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and triglyceride show significant lower  concentration  in  patients  than  control  groups  (mean  Â±  SE  15.12  Â±  3.4  ,  81.22  Â± 18.45)  . (Pâ‰¤ 9Ã—10-6, Pâ‰¤ 9.3Ã—10-7) respectively. Table l , Figure 1.While circulating concentration of glutathione (GSH), soluble antioxidants were higher in Brucellosis patients than in control groups (mean Â± SE 2.49 Â± 0.4). Additionally, increased oxidative stress was observed in the serum of patients with Brucellosis as evidenced by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations than in control groups (mean Â± SE 270 Â± 9) (Figure 2, Table 1). In conclusion. Disturbances in the lipid profile, and oxidant-antioxidant status occur in Brucellosis patients which may increase incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular events.

Key words: Brucellosis disease, Lipid profile, oxidant-antioxidant status.
Study of the Protective Effects of Benfotiamine Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: A. Aziz Tavga , A. Ahmed Zheen , M. Juma'a Kasim , H. Abdulrazzaq Munaf , A. Hussain Saad , A. Hussain Saad
Published: March 2022

Liver is considered as the first target for the toxic effects of toxins and other xenobiotics, and this can be attributed to its role as a site which receive all absorbed xenobiotics from the gastrointestinal tract and its role as a major site for biotransformation of xenobiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effect of benfotiamine against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The study was conducted on 48 male albino rats; the animals were allocated into 8 groups (6 rats in each group) and treated as follow: 4 groups treated with oral doses of either normal saline, benfotiamine (100 mg/kg), thiamine (100 mg/kg), N-acetylcystein (400 mg/kg) only without induction of hepatic damage. The other 4 groups were treated as indicated previously with induction of hepatic damage with CCl4; at the end of treatment period, rats were scarified, blood samples obtained and livers excised for the assessment of the oxidative stress parameters (MDA and GSH), cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Additionally, serum levels of total bilirubin, albumin, total protein and the activities of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes were evaluated before and after treatment with benfotiamine. Tissue sections were prepared for evaluation of histopathological changes. The results indicated that benfotiamine has the ability to protect hepatic tissue against the toxicity induced by CCl4, revealed through reduction of serum levels of TSB and liver enzymes, decrease in the hepatic tissue MDA levels and elevation of GSH there. Histological evaluation of tissue sections prepared for this purpose confirmed the previous finding. In conclusion, benfotiamine is capable to protect liver tissue against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats more than thiamine.

Key words: Benfotiamine, CCl4, Hepatotoxicity
AComparative Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Anthraquinone Derivatives in the Roots of Rheum ribes and Rheum emodi by HPLC
Authors: M. Naqishbandi Alaadin , K. JÃ¤ger Anna , H. Al-Khateeb Ekbal
Published: March 2022

High performance liquid chromatography was applied for the separation and identification of four antharquinone derivatives, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion. The separation was carried out using Eurospher 100, C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. x 250 mm, 5 Âµm) under the following conditions: acetonitile (solvent A) and water: acetic acid (99.9: 0.1 v/v, pH 3.5)( solvent B) as a mobile phase with isocratic elution with 30% solvent B at flow rate 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The four antharquinone derivatives were isolated from the Iraqi rhubarb, Rheum ribes root by preparative TLC, their structures were identified by 1H NMR and used as standards for HPLC analysis. The percentages of aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in rheum ribes root were 0.39%, 0.014%, 0.089%, and 0.072%, respectively. While for Rheum emodi root, only the first three anthraquinone derivatives were identified and their percentages were 0.48%, 0.32% and 1.56%, respectively. The method was found to be reproducible and convenient for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthraquinone derivatives.

Keywords: Rheum ribes, Rheum emodi, Anthraquinone, HPLC
THE ESSENCE OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, NATO AND G7 COUNTRIES
Authors: Vephkhvia Grigalashvili
Published: March 2022

Critical infrastructures (include the body of systems, networks, and assets that are so essential that their continued operation is required to ensure the security of a given nation, its economy, and the public's health and/or safety) are significant for the growth and development of our society, drastically affecting most of the everyday activities as the components of the critical infrastructures are increasingly vulnerable to a dangerous mix of traditional and nontraditional types of threats. Taking into account a significant role of Critical Infrastructure in national and international security maintenance, the article analyses and interprets the policy pillars of Critical Infrastructure concepts in the European Union, NATO as well as in G7 Countries. Particular attention is paid to determining the functional purpose, approaches to the classification of the main components of critical infrastructure (structural content) and characteristics of them. At the end of this article there is suggested a generalized view regarding to the essence of Critical Infrastructure, as well as attention is drawn to the fact that the adopted approaches generally take into account that Critical Infrastructure now rarely exist or function in isolation, rather, they are becoming more tightly coupled, interconnected and interacted that creates a complex multisystem - a system-of-systems.
Application and algorithmic software of the control system of the technical state parameters of the two-stage centrifugal compressor
Authors: Harasymiv V. M. , Moiseenko O. V. , Harasymiv T. G.
Published: March 2022

Efficiency of the technical state of the compressor station basic components depends on the timely prediction of the appearance of damages. It is defined by the estimation of the technical state of the basic components during the compression process. It is known that the two-stage centrifugal compressors are commonly used in the Ukrainian compressor stations. So, application software and algorithm for the two-stage centrifugal compressor have been developed, what allows to define its technical state parameters, taking into account the construction features of the compressor volute.
The algorithm of the control system of the technical state parameters for the two-stage centrifugal compressor has been represented, what allows to define the receiving of the information order from sensors, methods of the information analysis and the representing order of the information to the operator.
Application software for the control system of the technical state parameters of the two-stage centrifugal compressor has been organized like the application program module to aim to analyze and define the technical state of the two-stage centrifugal compressor during the compression process. It was written in the object-oriented language Delphi, and with the opportunity of its integration into existing software for conrolling the compressor. The software provides the capability of data collection and processing, the mathematical model parameters identification of the centrifugal compressor, determining volumetric productivity values, which correspond to the conditions where the centrifugal compressor is a new one or after its overhaul, calculating technical state parameters of the compressor and the expert estimation of the volute technical state of the two-stage centrifugal compressor based on fuzzy logic.
Application software for the parameters control of the two-stage centrifugal compressor has been tested during operation of the two-stage centrifugal compressor 650-21-2 of the compressor station 39 of Bogorodchany linear production administration of gas transmittal pipelines. Obtained results confirmed the average deterioration of the volute technical state.
The epidemiological situation development process mathematical modeling taking into account the covid-19 dissemination features
Authors: Oliinyk A. P. , Feshanich L. I. , Oliinyk Ye. A.
Published: March 2022

The paper deals with mathematical models of epidemic development and spread. Such models are based on the Cauchy apparatus for nonlinear ordinary differential equations with a wide class of initial conditions. The methodology for selecting the system coefficients is developed and substantiated, their content and influence on the system parameters are described. The method of setting the initial conditions of the problem is proposed and substantiated. Different variants of epidemic models have been analyzed, at the stage of describing the situation with COVID-19 spread, the expediency of choosing the apparatus of systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations without taking into account argumentation due to the need to develop an express method of simulating the epidemic propagation process is substantiated. The direction of mathematical modeling of epidemiological situations was developed by taking into account the treatment means, influencing the development of epidemics of the economic situation in the country, the presence of other factors positive (the level of communication of the population, its mobility, treatment methods, education of the population, climatic influences, seasonal effects, etc.) and negative factors. distress, political situation in the country). From the point of view of mathematical modeling, the values ​​of the coefficients and their dynamics are analyzed, the limits of their change are revealed for the efficient description and forecasting of the development of the simulated processes.
The numerical implementation of the model uses Runge-Kutta methods, the accuracy of which is selected in the light of the peculiarities of the simulated processes. The calculations confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed model for describing epidemics and pandemics of infections and viruses of various nature, it accurately describes the qualitative behavior of the systems and processes under study, found that all the coefficients of the model accurately describe their impact on the behavior of the model as a whole, reflect trends observed in the detailed study of the spread of COVID-19 in China and Europe Directions for possible further research have been identified.
Identification of automatic systems for acoustic emission diagnostics
Authors: Polyvoda O. V. , Lebedenko Yu. A.
Published: March 2022

The difficulties of automation control, which are connected with variability of input parameters and complexity of mathematical description of internal dynamic processes in the controlled object, are noted. The features of categorical concepts of automation of control of acoustic-emission diagnostics control are formulated and marked: control object, control system, control functions. The mathematical formalism of modeling the energy spectrum of acoustic emission signals is presented. A discrete and continuous approach to describing the oscillatory properties of the internal structure of a material under load is used. The structural model of the basic stages of management is offered, which includes multidimensional input of diagnostics information, ensuring the controllability of products, informatization of diagnostic parameters, direct measurements, identification of the current state of the object. Functional purposes of the acoustic emission diagnostics system have been determined. On the basis of generalization of information on experimental studies of the effect of stresses under uniaxial loading and four-point bending on the parameters of acoustic emission signals, data on the influence of deformation processes on the information parameters of AE steels and composite materials were investigated and systematized. Areas of their application and rational use are established. It is noted that most of the experimental works in domestic and foreign practice are devoted to the influence on the material of one type of deformation measurements of the structure of materials, while during the operation of structures the material is subjected to a complex effect of complex loads. An algorithm for identification of systems for automatic control of acoustic emission diagnostics has been developed, which differs taking into account the variety of factors affecting the initial variables, the complexity of their interactions and estimates using expert evaluation, system analysis and simulation modeling.
Experience of calculation development and implementation strain gauge sensor
Authors: Lopatin V. V.
Published: March 2022

In the mining industry, it is often necessary to directly measure forces with significant restrictions on the sensors, so the use of the range of existing sensors is not possible. In addition, the force and load sensor, which is designed for operation in severe mountain conditions, must be: with an extended range of operating temperatures, degree of protection IP67, moisture resistant in an aggressive environment and structurally designed so as not to violate safety requirements in mine workings. Studies have identified the functional limitations of the force sensor for mining - maximum deformation, overall dimensions and maximum stresses. The decisive factors in choosing a sensor design were precise fixation, reliability, adaptability to mining technological processes with safety and compliance with operating conditions, and reasonable cost. According to the requirements of industry standards of Ukraine, the geometric dimensions of the sensor were chosen in order to find the optimal solution. Based on this information, using a multi-parameter approach, many Pareto valid solutions are obtained. Based on many Paretooptimal solutions, a sensor variant was chosen for which, after applying the above approach, it was possible to reduce non-linearity and reduce the area between the forward and backward curves, as well as to get close to the found strain value in the sticker area. On the basis of an experimental batch of manufactured sensors, their refinement was performed in real mining. The developed sensor type 4201 DST-10 meets the safety requirements of the safety control system in mining and provides higher metrological accuracy than similar sensors developed by other authors. In 4201 DST-10, multicriteria optimization methods were used in designing the elastic elements of the force sensor for a load of 10 tons. The possibility of its use in similar harsh operating conditions at other facilities is allowed.
Радіаційний контроль металоконструкцій та магістральних трубопроводів
Authors: Троїцький В. А.
Published: March 2022

Показана можливість розташування на магнітних платформах рентгенівських апаратів і твердотільних радіоскопічний перетворювачів. Це робить радіаційний контроль мобільним і більш інформативним. Описано принципи побудови такого обладнання і застосування його для різних зварних з'єднань складних металоконструкцій і трубопроводів замість плівкової радіографії. Портативна радіоскопія (рентген-телебачення) з використанням рухомих рентгенівських апаратів і ПЗС-детекторів розширить сфери застосування дефектоскопії в промисловості. Описано виготовляються в ІЕЗ ім.Є.О.Патона портативні радіоскопічний детектори, вартість яких на порядок нижча за вартість стандартних великопанельних промислових перетворювачів. Наведено висновки за результатами роботи, зокрема відзначено, що нові технологічні можливості при промисловому радіаційний контроль відкриваються при автономному переміщенні R-апарату і R-перетворювачів поверхнею досліджуваного об'єкта, кожен з яких може зайняти більше інформативне положення для оцінки якості зони просвічування, а внутрішня несуцільність в реальному часі може бути розглянута в різних ракурсах; наведена інформація про те, що з появою високочутливих відеокамер з'явилася можливість виготовляти радіоскопічні недорогі, чутливі перетворювачі на основі флюорографічних екранів. Вартість таких пристроїв найменша серед розглянутих рішень і вона мало залежить від формату і розмірів R-перетворювача. Також зазначено, що мобільна рентгеноскопія (рентген-телебачення) з використанням рухомих R-апаратів і R-сенсорів більш інформативна, портативна, вимагає менше часу і матеріальних засобів, легше вписується в основні технологічні процедури виготовлення механізмів і споруд, ніж технології з проміжними носіями інформації.
Methodology of domestic gas meters metrological control with limited work flow range
Authors: Serediuk O. Ye. , Liutenko T. V. , Vynnychuk A. G. , Krynytskyi O. S.
Published: March 2022

The analysis of the current regulatory documents governing the types, conditions and technical means of domestic gas meters metrological characteristics checking during their initial and periodic verification was carried out. The expediency of monitoring the domestic meters metrological characteristics with using of natural gas was substantiated. A new patent-protected methodology has been developed for the experimental-calculation method of metrological assessment of domestic meters with a limited work flow range, which ensures the implementation of dismountable metrological verification of gasmeters in the entire range of operating flow was work out. It provides of the experimental determination of the gasmeters error at the minimal work flow rate and the flow rate, which corresponds to 20% of the maximum, as well as the calculated determination of the gasmeter error at the maximum flow rate using statistically established patterns of change in the errors of domestic gasmeters during their operation with specification of the size and model of the meter. This approach makes it possible to carry out metrological studies of gas meters using natural gas and at the same time without dismantling at the place of operation. The possibilities of applying the proposed methodology for dismantling metrological control of domestic gasmeters during the operation of calibration facilities in the air were revealed, for which the requirements for the upper range of operating flows were reduced. The results of testing the developed methodology for metrological control of domestic gas meters using a limited range of operating flows, which confirmed the correctness of the methodological approach for its practical application. The expediency of developing and approving the relevant regulatory document for the practical implementation of the developed methodology for the metrological research of domestic gas meters, which will comply with the regulatory documents of Ukraine and ensure the implementation of metrological control of natural gas meters in operating conditions, was substantiated.
Analysis of growth drive breakdown by the increase of the Dashav UGS fountain pipes
Authors: Chernova O. T. , Gershun B. I.
Published: March 2022

Scientists who were analyzing the results of the underground gas storage (UGS) complex of Ukraine, say that for modern conditions the maximum daily productivity should be increased by 30-35%. Since the beginning of the creation of gas storage facilities  passed than 40 years, work is carried on outdated and physically worn out equipment. Work of the wells (which were build based on the old technologies at low reservoir pressure) are characterized by low productivity because their bottomhole zone is partially occluded by the mud filtrate, partially contaminated with compressor oil; due to the selective placement of wells in the underground storage area, some of them were formed so-called "stagnant" zones; extraction of all active gas volume which takes 100-180 days. Need for Ukraine to further develop underground gas storage should be aimed at increasing both the active volume of gas and the daily productivity of gas storage facilities.
The main directions of increasing the productivity of gas storage are the drilling of horizontal shafts in both new wells and old ones in experience [9], the formation of open holes in the drilling of new wells and the milling of operational columns in the "old" drilled holes, filters, hydraulic fracturing, construction of large diameter wells, additional perforation of gas-saturated intervals.
Nowadays, the most important problem is the reconstruction and modernization of existing underground storage facilities through replacement of equipment. This will not only save the achieved performance, but also can improve it. Due to the reconstruction of the equipment, gas preparation will be improved, gas storage capacity will be increased and operating costs will be reduced. Therefore, an increase in the daily productivity of UGS can be achieved, first of all, due to the improvement of the main element in the gas storage facility - the operational well.
In order to analyze this issue, the paper analyzes the efficiency of replacing the fountain pipes of the Dashavsky UGS wells with a larger diameter, and presents the results of the hydraulic, technical and economic calculation of the implementation of this UGS reconstruction.
Single-polar power supply of high frequency capacitive transducers for measurement
Authors: Nozdrachova K. L. , Slobodchuk A. Yu.
Published: March 2022

It is possible to increase the sensitivity of capacitive ultrasonic transducers in three ways: increasing the capacitance of the transducer, increasing the polarizing and pulsed high-frequency voltage applied in the transducer cover, using modern methods of processing information packet pulses excited and received from the product. The increase in the capacity of the transducer is limited by the design capabilities of the transducer itself and the selection of the dielectric separating the plate from the surface of the electrically conductive testing object. Using modern methods of processing the received information significantly complicates and increases the cost of implementation of the device using a capacitive transducer. The most acceptable, at the moment, way to increase the sensitivity is to increase the power of high-frequency voltage supply generators provided that packet pulses are excited. The generator presented in the article allows to create pulsed peak voltages in low-capacitance transducers of more than 3 kV with frequencies up to 5 MHz with a duration of 1 period of the filling frequency and sounding frequencies up to 1 kHz. It was experimentally shown that using the prototype of a new generator, the amplitudes of the pulses transmitted through a steel sample 20 mm thick were obtained, the ratio of which to the noise amplitude received by the miniature piezoelectric transducer is 13 times. Using the developed powerful amplifier of voltage pulses will increase the amplitude of the pulses received from the transducer and repeatedly reflected in the product.
ALGORITHM OF ADJUSTMENT OF SUB-REGULATOR COEFFICIENTS WITH FUZZY LOGIC METHODS USING
Authors: Garasumiv V. M.
Published: March 2022

The fuzzy PID tuning algorithm of proportional, integral, and derivative terms based on the fuzzy logic has been developed in the article. The fuzzy logic focuses on logic-linguistic models of representation of knowledges and it is the effective technology for creation of intellectual control systems of complex dynamic objects in the incomplete conditions.

It has been researched that the fuzzy tuning algorithm of the basic coefficients for the PID controller сompared with the tuning  algorithm based on the trial and error method, improved the quality of the of the transient process, namely reduces the overshoot and the settling time. Another advantage of the fuzzy PID tuning algorithm is that the PID controller coefficients can change their values ​​in accordance with changing conditions of operation control object, which improves the adaptive properties of the automatic control system.

The structure of the automatic control system based on the fuzzy PID controller has been developed, the main components of which are the fuzzy PID controller and the transfer function of the control object. The fuzzy PID controller consists of the following main components: the fazzyfication unit, the rule base and the defazzyfication unit. This structure of the automatic control system does not require special means of identifying the parameters of the turboshaft engine and its implementation using modern microcontrollers is quite simple and affordable.

The fuzzy PID tuning algorithm has been tested with using the parameters of the turboshaft engine ДГ90Л2 with power 16MW of the compressor 16 ГЦ2-395/53-76С of Dolyna linear production administration of gas transmittal pipelines.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF THE INDOOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: Slabinoha M. O. , Havrysh A. B. , Ivankiv N. B.
Published: March 2022

The work is devoted to the development of hardware and software for indoor air quality monitoring system. The analysis of existing solutions in the field of home air quality monitoring systems was carried out, their main advantages and disadvantages were highlighted, as a result of which the requirements to the developed system were presented. Based on the requirements, the general structure of the system was developed, and the means for the implementation of its hardware and software were selected. In particular, it was decided to develop a system based on the concept of "Internet of Things", and the following components: data collection node, data processing and storage server, client applications (web interface and mobile application for Android operating system. Node for data collection from sensors and sending requests for the server were designed on the basis of the microprocessor board ESP8266, the interaction between the nodes of the system was implemented using HTTP-requests, as a result, designed and implemented hardware and software for indoor air quality monitoring system based on the concept of "Internet of Things" and allows to monitor the current air quality, as well as view the data of previous records using user interfaces.Two user interfaces have been implemented: web-based (based on the developed site structure), using web development technologies, and as an application for mobile devices, running on the operating system Andr oid (based on the developed activity and class diagram, using the Java programming language. Testing and examples of using these user interfaces in real conditions. The developed hardware and software solution allows to effectively solve the problem of monitoring indoor air quality indicators, and the cost of the component base and development costs is lower than the cost of ready-made commercial solutions with similar characteristics.
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR OPTIMAL CONTROL OF NATURAL GAS PUMPING UNITS
Authors: Gorbijchuk M. I. , Lazoriv O. T. , Lazoriv A. M.
Published: March 2022

Method of the optimal control of the natural gas compression process by a compressor station, which is equipped with gas pumping units with a gas turbine drive, has been developed.

The parallel scheme of connection of gas pumping units working on the general collector is considered.

The cost of fuel gas taking into account the power of nitrogen oxide emissions into the atmosphere is chosen as the criterion of optimality. This takes into account the restrictions on technological parameters and the planned task for the transportation of natural gas.

The formed problem is divided into two subtasks - the choice of the optimal number of parallel units in each of the subgroups and determining the optimal mode of operation of each unit in the group.

Formalization of optimal control problem of GPA operation takes into account the uncertainty inherent in the process of natural gas compression. For this purpose, the apparatus of fuzzy algebra was used, which made it possible to take into account the inaccuracies that arise both as a result of measuring technological parameters and as a result of processing the obtained data on the technological process.

The optimal control system is integrated into the upper level (dispatcher) and is an integral part of the overall control system of the GPA and has a hierarchical structure. At the lower level there are measuring devices of technological parameters, which are a source of information for the upper level where the solution of optimization problems takes place.

The developed methods formed the basis of the algorithmic and software of the computer system for optimal control of a separate unit of the compressor station, which can be integrated into the existing automated system.