bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In VitroAnalyses Reveal the Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Forchlorfenuron (FCF) on a Septin-Like Protein of Taeniid Cysticerci
Authors: Rios-Valencia Diana G. , López-Villegas Edgar O. , Diaz Chiguer Dylan , Marquez Navarro Adrian , Díaz-Martín Ruben D. , Nogueda-Torres Benjamin , Ambrosio Javier R.
Published: March 2019

Cytokinin forchlorfenuron (FCF), a synthetic cytokinin, has been used specifically for the characterization of septins. In spite of genomic evidence of their existence, nothing is known about septin filaments in taeniid cestodes. The aim of this work was to determine the presence of a septin-like protein in cysticerci ofTaenia crassicepsandTaenia soliumusing the deduced amino acid sequence ofT. soliumseptin 4 (SEPT4_Tsm), to design and synthesize a derived immunogenic peptide (residues 88 to 103), to prepare a specific rabbit polyclonal antibody, and to examine the effects of FCF at different concentrations and exposure times on anin vitroculture ofT. crassicepscysticerci.In vitro, FCF altered the morphology and motility ofT. crassicepscysticerci, and its effects were reversible under specific concentrations. In addition, we observed by ultrastructural observation that FCF alters the cellular subunit of the protonephridial system of cestodes, where disruption of the axoneme pattern of flame cells was observed. The rabbit polyclonal antibody prepared against the synthetic peptide recognized a major band of 41 kDa in both parasites. Our results establish the importance of SEPT4_Tsm in the dynamics and survival of taeniid cysticerci, as well as their susceptibility to FCF. This is also the first report that a septin is present in the cytoskeleton of taeniids.
Low Citrate Synthase Activity Is Associated with Glucose Intolerance and Lipotoxicity
Authors: Alhindi Yosra , Vaanholt Lobke M. , Al-Tarrah Mustafah , Gray Stuart R. , Speakman John R. , Hambly Catherine , Alanazi Bader S. , Gabriel Brendan M. , Lionikas Arimantas , Ratkevicius Aivaras
Published: March 2019

Citrate synthase (CS) is a key mitochondrial enzyme. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that low CS activity impairs the metabolic health of mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and promotes palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in muscle cells. C57BL/6J (B6) mice and congenic B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/KjnB6 (B6.A), a strain which carries the A/J allele of CS on the B6 strain background, were fed HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 12 weeks. C2C12 mouse muscle cells were used to investigate effects of CS knockdown on cell viability and signalling after incubation in 0.8 mM palmitate. CS activity, but not that ofβ-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme-A dehydrogenase was lower in the gastrocnemius muscle and heart of B6.A mice compared to B6 mice (P<0.001). During HFD feeding, glucose tolerance of mice decreased progressively and to a greater extent in B6.A females compared to B6 females, with males showing a similar trend. Body weight and fat gain did not differ between B6.A and B6 mice. After an 18 h incubation in 0.8 mM palmitate C2C12 muscle cells with ∼50% shRNA mediated reduction in CS activity showed lower (P<0.001) viability and increased (P<0.001) levels of cleaved caspase-3 compared to the scramble shRNA treated C2C12 cells. A/J strain variant of CS is associated with low enzyme activity and impaired metabolic health. This could be due to impaired lipid metabolism in muscle cells.
Relationship of Oxidative Stress as a Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Réus Gislaine Z. , Carlessi Anelise S. , Silva Ritele H. , Ceretta Luciane B. , Quevedo João
Published: March 2019

Both conditions, major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronic and disabling diseases that affect a very significant percentage of the world’s population. Studies have been shown that patients with DM are more susceptible to develop depression, when compared to the general population. The opposite also happens; MDD could be a risk factor for DM development. Some mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms involved with these conditions, such as excess of glucocorticoids, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. These processes can lead to an increase in damage to biomolecules and a decrease in antioxidant defense capacity, leading to oxidative stress.
Effect of Iron Oxide on the Protective Photochromism of African Padauk
Authors: Wang Chen , Qin Ye , Wang Fang , Wang Zhiping , Huang Anmin
Published: March 2019

African padauk is a tree whose wood is an excellent material for producing decorative items. The wood is susceptible to sunlight exposure and degrades severely, even after short exposures, which leads to discoloration. Ultraviolet irradiation is the main factor that produces discoloration. In this study, chemical changes occurring on the wood surfaces were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The discoloration of the African padauk was mainly because of the photodegradation of lignin and extractives by ultraviolet radiation. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of red iron oxide coating was investigated. The results revealed that the chromatismΔE⁎was considerably reduced with the protection of iron oxide. However, the inhibition of the discoloration rate of the specimens covered with a film of red iron oxide increased with values reaching approximately 80%. The red iron oxide coating had a strong inhibitory effect on the discoloration of the African padauk.
Assessment of the Radioactive Contamination of the RBMK-1500 Reactor’s Steam Pipelines and High Pressure Rings
Authors: Poškas G. , Poškas P. , Šimonis A.
Published: March 2019

Data analyses of radioactive contamination of the RBMK-1500 reactor’s steam pipelines (SP) and components of high pressure rings (HPR) are presented in this paper. Also, modelled results of the SP-HPR system are compared to the results of other RBMK-1500 systems at Ignalina NPP Unit 1. Characteristics of SP-HPR components, thermal-hydraulic conditions of the coolant, and system operational regimes were evaluated employing the computer code LLWAA-DECOM (Tractebel Energy Engineering, Belgium). The presented results complement radiological characterization activities and facilitate the decommissioning process of nuclear facilities with RBMK type reactors. Analysis of the modelled results showed that the spread of radioactive contamination is very uneven between different components of the SP-HPR. The overall activity level of deposits of the SP-HPR is mostly determined by activated corrosion products and is lower than the activity level in the main circulation circuit (MCC) and nonpurified water subsystem activity of the purification and cooling system (PCS).
Dilated Blood and Lymphatic Microvessels, Angiogenesis, Increased Macrophages, and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Lipedema Thigh Skin and Fat Tissue
Authors: AL-Ghadban Sara , Cromer Walter , Allen Marisol , Ussery Christopher , Badowski Michael , Harris David , Herbst Karen L.
Published: March 2019

Background and Aim. Lipedema is a common painful SAT disorder characterized by enlargement of fat primarily in the legs of women. Case reports of lipedema tissue samples demonstrate fluid and fibrosis in the interstitial matrix, increased macrophages, and adipocyte hypertrophy. The aims of this project are to investigate blood vasculature, immune cells, and structure of lipedema tissue in a cohort of women. Methods. Forty-nine participants, 19 controls and 30 with lipedema, were divided into groups based on body mass index (BMI): Non-Obese (BMI 20 to <30 kg/m2) and Obese (BMI 30 to <40 kg/m2). Histological sections from thigh skin and fat were stained with H&E. Adipocyte area and blood vessel size and number were quantified using ImageJ software. Markers for macrophages (CD68), mast cells (CD117), T cells (CD3), endothelial cells (CD31), blood (SMA), and lymphatic (D2-40 and Lyve-1) vessels were investigated by IHC and IF. Results. Non-Obese Lipedema adipocyte area was larger than Non-Obese Controls (p=0.005) and similar to Obese Lipedema and Obese Controls. Macrophage numbers were significantly increased in Non-Obese (p<0.005) and Obese (p<0.05) Lipedema skin and fat compared to Control groups. No differences in T lymphocytes or mast cells were observed when comparing Lipedema to Control in both groups. SMA staining revealed increased dermal vessels in Non-Obese Lipedema patients (p<0.001) compared to Non-Obese Controls. Lyve-1 and D2-40 staining showed a significant increase in lymphatic vessel area but not in number or perimeter in Obese Lipedema participants (p<0.05) compared to Controls (Obese and Non-Obese). Areas of angiogenesis were found in the fat in 30% of lipedema participants but not controls. Conclusion. Hypertrophic adipocytes, increased numbers of macrophages and blood vessels, and dilation of capillaries in thigh tissue of non-obese women with lipedema suggest inflammation, and angiogenesis occurs independent of obesity and demonstrates a role of altered vasculature in the manifestation of the disease.
Efficacy of SXN in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Phase IV Clinical Trial
Authors: Ding Lu , Xu Lulin , Jin Yanxia , Wei Yongchang , Pan Yunbao , Sattar Safat , Tan Yuxin , Yang Tian , Zhou Fuling
Published: March 2019

Shengxuening (SXN) tablet is extracted from the excrement of the silkworm and has effects on hematopoiesis. The main components of SXN are chlorophyll derivatives and sodium iron chlorophyllin (SIC). The present study aims to investigate the efficiency and safety of SXN on iron deficiency anemia. This phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 31 hospitals in China from June 2001 to April 2002. Adults and children were randomly divided into low-dose (L-SXN), medium-dose (M-SXN), and high-dose (H-SXN) groups, respectively. The course of treatment was 1 month. Peripheral hemogram levels and iron status were examined before and after treatment. Adults in all three dose groups demonstrated a significant increase in hemoglobin (HGB) concentration. Children who received SXN treatment in medium and high doses also demonstrated increased HGB concentration. Reticulocyte counts increased at the end of treatment in the M-SXN and H-SXN adult groups and in the M-SXN child group. For both children and adults, SXN in the three dose groups was found to significantly elevate red blood cell level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The total effective rate in the SXN-treated group reached 84.8%. The incidence of adverse events was 4.07%. The most common side effects were nausea (2.83%), diarrhea (0.74%), and rash (0.25%). SXN was proved to be efficient and safe for adults and children with iron deficiency anemia.
A Wearable Iron-Based Implant as an Intramedullary Nail in Tibial Shaft Fracture of Sheep
Authors: Siallagan Sitaria F. , Silalahi Marzuki , Boediono Arief , Estuningsih Sri , Noviana Deni
Published: March 2019

A stable repaired fracture is the key factor responsible for the recovery of a damaged bone. The iron-based implant is one of the biodegradable metals that have been proven safe as a fracture fixation device. The objective of our experimental approach was to examine the potential of the iron-based implant as a biodegradable metal in tibia shaft fracture in sheep chronically. The samples used for this experiment were iron-based and stainless steel implants. Each had a diameter of 5 mm. These samples were analyzed through 3 phases which are material characterization, in vitro and in vivo examination. The samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction. Based on the analysis carried out, the samples contained 90,02% and 60,81% Fe for iron-based implant and stainless implant, respectively. Both implants maintained high viability when being in contact with calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells, indicating that both implants had a minimum response to the cell in a hemocytometer and methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The systemic effect of the implants was observed using hematology and blood chemistry examination. Data collection also shows that both implants also had a minimum response to the erythrocytes, leucocytes, blood chemistry, and blood mineral during the period of observation. Therefore, it could be concluded that the iron-based implant is tolerable for a period of 9 months. It also has the potential to be used as a biodegradable orthopedic implant.
Effective Parallelization Method for Object Recognition in 2D Sonar Images Based on Task Partitioning
Authors: Ha Ok-Kyoon , Lee Keonpyo , Kim Wan-Jin , Yoon Kun Su
Published: March 2019

Techniques for analyzing and avoiding hazardous objects and situations on the seabed are being developed to ensure the safety of ships and submersibles from various hazards. Improvements in accuracy and real-time response are critical for underwater object recognition, which rely on underwater sonar detection to remove noises and analyze the data. Therefore, parallel processing is being introduced for real-time processing of two-dimensional (2D) underwater sonar detector images for seabed monitoring. However, this requires optimized parallel processing between the modules for image processing and the data processing of a vast amount of data. This study proposes an effective parallel processing method, called Task Partitioning, based on central and graphical processing units for monitoring and identifying underwater objects in real time based on 2D-imaging sonar. The practicality of the proposed method is evaluated experimentally by comparing it to the sequential processing method. The experimental results show that the Task Partitioning method significantly improves the processing time for sonar images because it reduces the average execution time to 1% and 5% of the sequential processing method and general parallelization, respectively.
Multidevice False Data Injection Attack Models of ADS-B Multilateration Systems
Authors: Shang Fute , Wang Buhong , Yan Fuhu , Li Tengyao
Published: March 2019

Location verification is a promising approach among various ADS-B security mechanisms, which can monitor announced positions in ADS-B messages with estimated positions. Based on common assumption that the attacker is equipped with only a single device, this mechanism can estimate the position state through analysis of time measurements of messages using multilateration algorithm. In this paper, we propose the formal model of multidevice false data injection attacks in the ATC system against the location verification. Assuming that attackers equipped with multiple devices can manipulate the ADS-B messages in distributed receivers without any mutual interference, such attacker can efficiently construct attack vectors to change the results of multilateration. The feasibility of a multidevice false data injection attack is demonstrated experimentally. Compared with previous multidevice attacks, the multidevice false data injection attacks can offer lower cost and more covert attacks. The simulation results show that the proposed attack can reduce the attackers’ cost by half and achieve better time synchronization to bypass the existing anomaly detection. Finally, we discuss the real-world constraints that limit their effectiveness and the countermeasures of these attacks.
Experimental Study on the Permeability of a Soil‐Rock Mixture Based on the Threshold Control Method
Authors: Ding Xiaohua , Shi Xuyang , Zhou Wei , Luan Boyu
Published: March 2019

The study of the permeability of soil‐rock mixtures is important in supporting theories behind reclamation mechanisms for open‐pit mines. To avoid the influence of differences in the spatial distribution of rock within the same sample on the permeability of a soil‐rock mixture in laboratory tests, a numerical method for modelling the soil‐rock mixture based on the threshold control method was proposed. Through the statistical results of 297 CT (computed tomography) cross sections of soil‐rock mixture samples, the threshold values of pores, soils, and rocks are obtained, and a numerical model representing the reactions of the samples to real‐world conditions is obtained. A numerical model was used that could vary with different rock block proportions (RBP) and porosities. Based on Darcy’s law, it is concluded that macroscopic voids greatly increase the permeability of the sample due to their depth of penetration. The higher the stone content, the closer the permeability will be to the permeability of the rock skeleton. Therefore, during the reclamation process of the open‐pit mine, the water‐retaining layer below the humus should be compacted, and RBP should be increased to lower permeability and achieve better water retention.
Postoperative Analgesic Effects of Different Doses of Epidural Hydromorphone Coadministered with Ropivacaine after Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Meijuan , Wang Luyang , Chen Hong , Tang Yuwen , Chen Xinzhong
Published: March 2019

Purpose. Single dose of epidural hydromorphone has been introduced to serve as an alternative method for postcesarean section analgesia. However, optimal dose of epidural hydromorphone remains unknown. Hence, we evaluated and compared the analgesic and adverse effects of postoperative different doses of epidural hydromorphone coadministered with ropivacaine after cesarean section. Methods. Eighty term parturients with elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were allocated into four groups. Epidural analgesia was administered with an epidural bolus of either 0 mg (group H0), or 0.2 mg (group H1), or 0.4 mg (group H2), or 0.6 mg (group H3) hydromorphone coadministered with ropivacaine. The primary outcome was the visual analogue pain scores (VAPSs) and rescue opioid consumption (PCIA with sulfentanil) in 24 hours. Adverse effects such as respiratory depression, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting were recorded. Results. The VAPSs of group H1 at 2, 4, 6, 12 h and 24 h after surgery was similar to group H0. The VAPSs of group H2 at 4 and 6 h postoperatively were significantly decreased when compared to group H0. But, the VAPSs of group H2 at 2, 12, and 24 h postoperatively were similar to those of group H0. The VAPSs of group H3 at 4, 6, 12 h, and 24 h after surgery were significantly decreased when compared to those of group H0. The total sulfentanil consumption in 24 hours was 90 ± 26 μg in group H0, 75 ± 29 μg in group H1, 54 ± 32 μg in group H2, and 15 ± 16 μg in group H0. Adverse effects were comparable in the four groups. Conclusions. Epidural administration of 0.6 mg hydromorphone coadministered with ropivacaine after cesarean section provided satisfactory pain relief with less sulfentanil consumption. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IPR-16010026.
Team Assembly Mechanisms and the Knowledge Produced in the Mexico’s National Institute of Geriatrics: A Network Analysis and Agent-Based Modeling Approach
Authors: García-Peña Carmen , Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , Cabrera-Becerril Augusto , Fajardo-Ortiz David
Published: March 2019

Mexico’s National Institute of Geriatrics (INGER) is the national research center of reference for matters related to human aging. INGER scientists perform basic, clinical, and demographic research which may imply different scientific cultures working together in the same specialized institution. In this paper, by a combination of text mining, coauthorship network analysis, and agent-based modeling, we analyzed and modeled the team assembly practices and the structure of the knowledge produced by scientists from INGER. Our results showed a weak connection between basic and clinical research and the emergence of a highly connected academic leadership. Importantly, basic and clinical-demographic researchers exhibited different team assembly strategies: basic researchers tended to form larger teams mainly with external collaborators, while clinical and demographic researchers formed smaller teams that very often incorporated internal (INGER) collaborators. We showed how these two different ways to form research teams impacted the organization of knowledge produced at INGER. Following these observations, we modeled, via agent-based modeling, the coexistence of different scientific cultures (basic and clinical research) exhibiting different team assembly strategies in the same institution. Three virtual experiments were run in our agent-based model. The three experiments kept similar values to the collaborating dynamics of INGER in terms of average team size and probabilities of choosing incumbents and external collaborators. The only difference among these experiments was the value of homophily defined as the trend to collaborate with research studies from the same field (14% corresponding to the 46% and 79%). The main result of these experiments is that by modulating just one variable (homophily), we could successfully reproduce the current situation of INGER (homophily of 79%) and simulate alternative scenarios in which interdisciplinary (46%) and transdisciplinary (14%) research could be done.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Fetomaternal Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Groof Zainab , Garashi Ghadeer , Husain Hamid , Owayed Shaikhah , AlBader Shaima , Mouhsen Hawra’a , Mohammad Anwar , Ziyab Ali H.
Published: March 2019

Objective. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global public health problem that can have short- and long-term health consequences for the mother and the child. Despite its criticalness, many countries still do not have the epidemiological data which could guide them in responding to the problem. Due to the lack of knowledge on GDM and the fact that diabetes and obesity are high in Kuwait, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of GDM and determine its risk factors and outcomes. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 947 mothers living in Kuwait, who had given birth within the previous four years. Participants were recruited from primary health care clinics and public hospitals. GDM status was self-reported by the mother. Associations between exposures and outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results. Of the 868 mothers with no prior history of diabetes mellitus, 109 (12.6%, 95% CI: 10.4, 14.8) reported having been given a GDM diagnosis during their last pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM increased with maternal age and prepregnancy body mass index. GDM was positively associated with caesarean section delivery (aOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.66) and fetal macrosomia (aOR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.89). Conclusion. GDM is prevalent in Kuwait and is associated with poor maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. To date, GDM has received little attention, and there is a need for more research to identify and respond to individual and public health implications of GDM in Kuwait.
Evidence of Major Structural Features over the Pan-African Domain in the Bertoua-Mbangue Area (East Cameroon) from a Multiscale Approach of Modeling and Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data
Authors: Ulrich Igor Owono Amougou Olivier , Theophile Ndougsa Mbarga , Arsène Meying , Stephane Patrick Assembe , Jean Daniel Ngoh , Paul Claude Ngoumou , Justine Yandjimain
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate crustal structures from East Cameroon, using aeromagnetic data. The modeling of aeromagnetic data is conducted using the Oasis Montaj 8.0 software. The total magnetic intensity map reduced to the equator (RTE-TMI) shows important anomalies features, namely, the Northern East magnetic anomalies of high amplitude, the Southwest where very low values of the magnetic intensity were observed, and a corridor with negative values relatively high, separating the anomalies. The horizontal gradient map shows on the one hand brittle and folded structures carried out in the area of study and on the other hand various rectilinear, narrow, and short-wave anomalies that can be classified as a family of little faults. The maxima observed on the RTE-TMI maps are correlated to intrabasement contacts; and the map derived from Euler’s solutions permitted to evaluate the depth of the geological accidents observed from the other filters. This map also reveals new faults with a depth greater than 5000 m. The lineaments identified in the Southwestern part could be linked to the Pan-African orogeny and seem to correspond to deep-seated basement structures, which are referred to the tectonic boundary between Congo Craton and the Pan-African orogeny belt. A 23/4-D modeling confirmed the observations derived from the RTE-TMI and HGM maps analyses. It shows intrusive bodies composed of gneiss and porphyroid granite and some domes with their roof situated at various depths not exceeding 1800 m from the surface. The structural map of the study area shows the trending of the structural features observed, namely, NE-SW, NW-SE, ENE-WSW, and WNW-ESE, respectively, while the E-W and N-S are secondary orientation of the observed tectonic evidence. Moreover, circular anomalies observed over the area are assimilated to intrusions of high magnetic materials or to granitic domes.
Evaluating the Surface Free Energy and Moisture Sensitivity of Warm Mix Asphalt Binders Using Dynamic Contact Angle
Authors: Kakar Muhammad Rafiq , Hamzah Meor Othman , Akhtar Mohammad Nishat , Saleh Junita Mohamad
Published: March 2019

From the environmental conservation perspective, warm mix asphalt is more preferable compared to hot mix asphalt. This is because warm mix asphalt can be produced and paved in the temperature range 20–40°C lower than its equivalent hot mix asphalt. In terms of cost‐effectiveness, warm mix asphalt can significantly improve the mixture workability at a lower temperature and thus reduce greenhouse gas emissions, to be environment friendly. However, the concern, which is challenging to warm mix asphalt, is its susceptibility to moisture damage due to its reduced production temperature. This may cause adhesive failure, which could eventually result in stripping of the asphalt binder from the aggregates. This research highlights the significance of Cecabase warm mix additive to lower the production temperature of warm mix asphalt and improvise the asphalt binder adhesion properties with aggregate. The binders used in the preparation of the test specimen were PG‐64 and PG‐76. The contact angle values were measured by using the dynamic Wilhelmy plate device. The surface free energy of Cecabase‐modified binders was then computed by developing a dedicated algorithm using the C++ program. The analytical measurements such as the spreadability coefficient, work of adhesion, and compatibility ratio were used to analyze the results. The results inferred that the Cecabase improved the spreadability of the asphalt binder over limestone compared to the granite aggregate substrate. Nevertheless, the Cecabase‐modified binders improved the work of adhesion. In terms of moisture sensitivity, it is also evident from the compatibility ratio indicator that, unlike granite aggregates, the limestone aggregates were less susceptible to moisture damage.
Chimeric Japanese Encephalitis Virus SA14/SA14-14-2 Was Virulence Attenuated and Protected the Challenge of Wild-Type Strain SA14
Authors: Huang Rong , Leng Shengling , Feng Yalan , Tang Liping , Yuan Lei , Yang Jian
Published: March 2019

The attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) live vaccine SA14-14-2 prepared from wild-type (WT) strain SA14 was licensed to prevent Japanese encephalitis (JE) in 1989 in China. Many studies showed that the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein were the crucial determinant of virulence and immunogenicity of JEV. So we are interested in whether the substitution of prM/E of JEV WT SA14 with those of vaccine strain SA14-14-2 could decrease neurovirulence and prevent the challenge of JEV WT SA14. Molecular clone technique was used to replace the prM/E gene of JEV WT strain SA14 with those of vaccine strain SA14-14-2 to construct the infectious clone of chimeric virus (designated JEV SA14/SA14-14-2), the chimeric virus recovered from BHK21 cells upon electrotransfection of RNA into BHK21 cells. The results showed that the recovered chimeric virus was highly attenuated in mice, and a single immunization elicited strong protective immunity in a dose-dependent manner. This study increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neurovirulence attenuation and immunogenicity of JEV.
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Protects Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons from Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rodents
Authors: Nie Shuke , Ma Kai , Sun Mingkuan , Lee Matthew , Tan Yang , Chen Guiqin , Zhang Zhentao , Zhang Zhaohui , Cao Xuebing
Published: March 2019

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is thought to be a promising therapeutic agent for various neurodegenerative diseases. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 7,8-DHF on the rotenone-induced motor deficit of Parkinson’s disease. Nine-month-old rats were treated with rotenone (2 mg/kg/day, i.h.) for 5 weeks to establish the animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 7,8-DHF (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated daily throughout the whole period of rotenone injection. Five weeks later, an open field test was used to assess the motor ability of the animals. TH immunostaining was performed to evaluate rotenone-induced neurotoxicity on substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons and the DA terminals in the striatum. Western blot analyses were used to examine the expressions of TH, BDNF/TrkB signaling cascades, phospho-α-synuclein (Ser129), α-synuclein, and phospho-tau (Ser396) in SN. The results revealed that treatment with 7,8-DHF improved PD model’s behavioral performance and reduced dopaminergic neuron loss in the SN and striatum, associated with the activation of TrkB receptors and its signaling cascades, and reduced p-MAPK, p-α-synuclein, and p-tau. Collectively, these results indicated that 7,8-DHF displayed prominent neuroprotective properties, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for PD treatment.
SN-Donor Methylthioanilines and Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Spectral Properties, and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Olalekan Temitope E. , Ogunlaja Adeniyi S. , Watkins Gareth M.
Published: March 2019

Methylthioanilines, a series of sulfur-nitrogen donor ligands substituted with OCH3, CH3, Cl, and Br, and their copper(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis and EPR spectra, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The NMR spectra of the ligands revealed that the para/ortho protons and para carbon were sensitive to the electronic effect of substituents. The CHNS analysis presented CuLCl2 (L = OCH3, CH3, Cl) and CuL2Cl2 (L = Br) stoichiometries for the copper complexes. FTIR spectra showed that the bidentate ligands were coordinated to the copper ion through their nitrogen and sulfur atoms. The electronic spectra have suggested square planar and octahedral geometries for these complexes. The EPR spectra demonstrated that the solid state copper(II) complexes possess dx2–y2 orbital ground state and g∥ > g⊥ > 2.0023 in a tetragonal environment. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and C. albicans. The copper complexes showed higher activity than the parent ligands against S. aureus and B. subtilis; the electron-donating OCH3 and CH3 derivatives were more active than the withdrawing Br- and Cl-substituted compounds.
Complex Dynamics of Some Hamiltonian Systems: Nonintegrability of Equations of Motion
Authors: Qu Jingjia
Published: March 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to study the complexity of some Hamiltonian systems from the view of nonintegrability, including the planar Hamiltonian with Nelson potential, double-well potential, and the perturbed elliptic oscillators Hamiltonian. Some numerical analyses show that the dynamic behavior of these systems is very complex and in fact chaotic in a large range of their parameter. I prove that these Hamiltonian systems are nonintegrable in the sense of Liouville. My proof is based on the analysis of normal variational equations along some particular solutions and the investigation of their differential Galois group.
Knowledge and Attitude about Basic Life Support and Emergency Medical Services amongst Healthcare Interns in University Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saquib Shahabe A. , Al-Harthi Hassan M. , Khoshhal Anas A. , Shaher Adel A. , Al-Shammari Abdulsalam B. , Khan AbdulAhad , Al-Qahtani Tahani A. , Khalid Imran
Published: March 2019

Background. Road traffic accident and sudden cardiac arrest are one of the most leading causes of death in KSA. Basic life support (BLS) is lifesaving intervention as a premedical facility. Adequate knowledge and awareness about BLS and CPR are mandatory for healthcare students.Objective. The objective of the present study is to assess the knowledge, awareness and attitude towards BLS among healthcare interns in different university hospitals across Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods. A total of 865 health interns attending the health colleges (Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy) in the University Hospitals across KSA participated in the study. A self-explanatory questionnaire, comprising of 15 questions, was designed for the study. All the hypotheses were formulated using two-tailed alternatives against each null hypothesis.Result. Out of 865 subjects, 698 completed the survey with a response rate of (80.69%). The male to female sex ratio in the entire group of respondents was 1.44:1.00. Mean score about the awareness and knowledge of BLS and other emergency services among the participants was 2.74±1.02 and 4.02±1.56 respectively. Female participants revealed significantly higher awareness score than male (P-value<0.05). Medical interns showed higher awareness level compared to rest of all the faculty interns (P-value<0.01). There was no significant difference in the attitude of interns among the different faculties. 60 to 70% of interns had recommended to include BLS training in the university curriculum.Conclusion. Among the participants of the study, overall awareness score was average, whereas the knowledge score was below average. Further, the participants showed a positive attitude toward BLS training. An optimistic decision should be considered on the inclusion of Basic Life Support procedures in the university curriculum.
Xenogeneic Transplantation of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Renal Injury and Reduces Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Liu Juan , Lu Xuehong , Lou Yan , Cai Yong , Cui Wenpeng , Wang Jing , Nie Ping , Chen Liangmei , Li Bing , Luo Ping
Published: March 2019

Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) are considered a good source for cell therapy. The purpose of this study was to observe whether the transplantation of human pMSCs would affect the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN)-prone MRL/lpr mice. Multiple injections (at the 16th, 18th, and 20th week of age) of 1 × 106pMSCs were administered. Urine was collected to evaluate proteinuria and urine creatinine levels. Blood was collected for the measurement of serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels. Renal tissues were collected for histological staining and examination by light and electron microscopy quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot. The results confirmed that pMSC treatment reduced the severity of 24-h proteinuria, decreased the production of anti-dsDNA antibodies, and ameliorated renal pathological changes in MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, pMSCs reduced renal inflammation by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and then downregulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Therefore, our present study demonstrated a protective effect of pMSCs against renal injury and inflammation in MRL/lpr mice.
Continuous Reinforcement Algorithm and Robust Economic Dispatching-Based Spot Electricity Market Modeling considering Strategic Behaviors of Wind Power Producers and Other Participants
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Yuan Shuguang , Nie Qingyun , Guo Weishang
Published: March 2019

In a spot wholesale electricity market containing strategic bidding interactions among wind power producers and other participants such as fossil generation companies and distribution companies, the randomly fluctuating natures of wind power hinders not only the modeling and simulating of the dynamic bidding process and equilibrium of the electricity market but also the effectiveness about keeping economy and reliability in market clearing (economic dispatching) corresponding to the independent system operator. Because the gradient descent continuous actor-critic algorithm is demonstrated as an effective method in dealing with Markov’s decision-making problems with continuous state and action spaces and the robust economic dispatch model can optimize the permitted real-time wind power deviation intervals based on wind power producers’ bidding power output, in this paper, considering bidding interactions among wind power producers and other participants, we propose a gradient descent continuous actor-critic algorithm-based hour-ahead electricity market modeling approach with the robust economic dispatch model embedded. Simulations are implemented on the IEEE 30-bus test system, which, to some extent, verifies the market operation economy and the robustness against wind power fluctuations by using our proposed modeling approach.
Short-Term Bixin Supplementation of Healthy Subjects Decreases the Susceptibility of LDL to Cu2+-Induced OxidationEx Vivo
Authors: Conte Lisiane , Somacal Sabrina , Nichelle Sabrina Marafiga , Rampelotto Cristine , Robalo Silvino Sasso , Roehrs Miguel , Emanuelli Tatiana
Published: March 2019

Lycopene-based medications and supplements have been developed to prevent atherosclerosis, primarily because of their ability to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Bixin and norbixin are carotenoids found in the seeds of annatto (Bixa orellana) and are colorants widely used by the food industry. Some studies have already demonstrated that these compounds have antioxidant and antiatherogenic potentialin vitroand in animal models, but there is no evidence supporting the effects of their long-term or short-term consumption by humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term intake of annatto carotenoids on biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as on the susceptibility of LDL oxidation in healthy individuals, using lycopene as a positive control. The effect of daily supplementation (0.05 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.)) with bixin, norbixin, lycopene, or placebo for 7 days was evaluated in a randomized, controlled crossover study in 16 healthy volunteers (8 men and 8 women). The susceptibility of LDL to Cu2+-induced oxidationex vivo, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. No treatment affected biochemical parameters or most oxidative stress biomarkers. However, bixin reduced the oxidation rate of the LDL lipid moiety (−275%,p<0.1) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) (−460%,p<0.1), compared to the placebo group. Moreover, we observed that the changes in these parameters were positively associated, supporting the hypothesis that bixin decreases the susceptibility of LDL to Cu2+-induced oxidation by decreasing NOx levels, probably by downregulating the inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Smear-Positive Tuberculosis Prevalence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antinatal Care in North Gondar Zone Hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Berju Adugna , Haile Belete , Nigatu Seleshe , Mengistu Araya , Birhan Girma
Published: March 2019

Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease that remains a threat to public health around the world. It is a contagious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In high tuberculosis burden countries, the prevalence of tuberculosis was 10-fold higher in the HIV-infected mothers than that in those not infected with HIV. However, little is known about the burden of tuberculosis (TB) and associated factors in women of reproductive age in most resource poor countries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate prevalence of smear-positive TB and factors associated in pregnant women attending antenatal care in North West, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three governmental hospitals of the North Gondar Zone, and a total of 1272 pregnant women attending antenatal care were included. Data were collected by trained personnel’s using a pretested and structured symptom screening questionnaire; then, spot-morning-spot sputum samples were collected from those pregnant women who had two or more weeks of cough, and sputum smear was done by using a light-emitted diode fluorescent microscope. 99% of the pregnant women visited the hospitals for antenatal care. The prevalence of smear-positive tuberculosis was 864/100,000 population, and HIV positivity (AOR = 7.24; 95% CI: (2.01–26.03)), urban residence (AOR = 2.28; 95% CI: (1.419–3.158)), and family history of TB (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI: (1.371–3.451)) were significantly associated with smear-positive tuberculosis. In this study, the prevalence of smear-positive tuberculosis was found to be higher than that in other community-based studies in the country. Therefore, health education, targeted screening of pregnant women for TB, and collaboration of TB-HIV clinic with antenatal care clinic should be implemented in the area. Further research should also be conducted for better understanding of the magnitude of tuberculosis in females of reproductive age.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Corrective Surgery on Adult Spinal Deformity Patients: Comparison of Short and Long Fusion
Authors: Ono Koichiro , Ohmori Kazuo , Hori Takeshi
Published: March 2019

Despite the accumulated knowledge of spinal alignment and clinical outcomes the full corrective surgery cannot be applied to all the deformity patients as it requires considerable surgical burden to the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the patients who have received short and long fusion for ASD. A total of 21 patients who received surgical reconstructive spinal fusion procedures and were followed up for at least one year were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen cases have received spinal corrective surgery that upper instrumented vertebrate (UIV) was thoracic level (group T), or 5 cases were with UIV in lumbar level (group L). Group L had shorter operation time, smaller intraoperative estimated blood loss, and shorter postoperative hospitalization days. Group T tends to improve more in the magnitude of VAS of lumbar pain compared to group L. Improvement of spinal alignment revealed the advantage of long fusion compared to short fusion, in Cobb angle, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), PI-LL C7 plum line (C7PL), and center sacral vertebral line (CSVL). Pelvic tilt (PT) did not differ between the groups. Disc lordosis was the most acquired in XLIF compared to TLIF and PLF and maintained one year. There were 9 adverse events, 3 cases of pulmonary embolism (PE), one case of delirium, and 6 cases of proximal junctional kyphosis. Current study elucidated that long fusion, UIV, is thoracic and can achieve better spinal alignment compared to short fusion, UIV, in lumbar. XLIF demonstrated strong ability to reconstruct the deformity on intervertebral space that is better to apply as much intervertebral space as possible. For the ASD patients with complications, short fusion can be one of the options.
Registration and Analysis of Acceleration Data to Recognize Physical Activity
Authors: Kołodziej Marcin , Majkowski Andrzej , Tarnowski Paweł , Rak Remigiusz J. , Gebert Dominik , Sawicki Dariusz
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the article is to check whether the acceleration signals recorded by a smartphone help identify a user’s physical activity type. The experiments were performed using the application installed in a smartphone, which was located on the hip of a subject. Acceleration signals were recorded for five types of physical activities (running, standing, going up the stairs, going down the stairs, and walking) for four users. The statistical parameters of the signal were used to extract features from the acceleration signal. In order to classify the type of activity, the quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) was used. The accuracy of the user-independent classification for five types of activities was 83%. The accuracy of the user-dependent classification was in the range from 90% to 95%. The presented results indicate that the acceleration signal recorded by the device placed on the hip of a user allows us to effectively distinguish among several types of physical activity.
A Chatbot System for Mental Healthcare Based on SAT Counseling Method
Authors: Kamita Takeshi , Ito Tatsuya , Matsumoto Atsuko , Munakata Tsunetsugu , Inoue Tomoo
Published: March 2019

In recent years, mental health management of employees in companies has become increasingly important. As the number of psychotherapists is not enough, it is necessary for employees to be able to keep their mental wellness on their own. A self-guided mental healthcare course using VR devices has been developed, and its stress reduction effect has been validated previously. This study proposes a new version of the course using smartphones and chatbots to enhance its convenience for use and to maintain user motivation for daily and repeated use. The effects of stress reduction and motivation maintenance were acknowledged.
Rain Attenuation Study at Ku-Band over Earth-Space Path in South Korea
Authors: Shrestha Sujan , Choi Dong-You
Published: March 2019

Rain attenuation measurement techniques are studied with appropriate prediction of rain attenuation at Ku-band for Koreasat 6. This is accomplished by the establishment of experimental setup in Mokdong at 12.25 GHz link. The databases are analyzed for three years, 2013 till 2015. During observation period, rainfall rate of 50 mm/hr is obtained which is measured by OTT Parsivel showing the signal attenuated by 10.7 dB for 0.01% of the occurrence. Comparison with the measured data demonstrates that the proposed technique provides sufficiently accurate estimation for Ku-band signal attenuation in site specifically whose effectiveness is performed through the statistical analysis against the established rain attenuation models. The proposed technique is judged through the error matrices where relative error margins of 52.82, 4.11, and 23.64% are obtained for 0.1%, 0.01%, and 0.001% of the occurrence.