bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triassic silicified peat from the Rennick Glacier area, north Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Hiller Philipp , Bomfleur Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Silicification - the precipitation of silica within the remains of a buried organism - allows for the three-dimensional preservation of a fossil in minute cellular to subcellular detail and forms the basis for some of the most spectacular Lagerstätten for terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. Selden & Nudds 2004). Among these are the plant-bearing chert deposits of the Transantarctic Mountains, which were discovered by J.H. Mercer and J.D. Gunner during the 1969/1970 ‘Beardmore Expedition’ and sampled and first screened by J.M. Schopf soon thereafter (Schopf 1970). The collection, preparation and in-depth study of plant-bearing cherts from the Beardmore Glacier generated more than 125 publications, and systematic treatments of the permineralized biotas resulted in the description of 30 genera and almost 50 species of structurally preserved plants and fungi. The exquisite anatomical preservation enabled unusually detailed reconstruction of many of the preserved organisms, yielding the most completely known fossil members for several groups of gymnosperms (see Escapa et al.2011). Together with similar silicified peat deposits from the remote Prince Charles Mountains in East Antarctica (McLoughlin & Drinnan 1997), these conservation-Lagerstätten of the Transantarctic Mountains constitute an extraordinary window into the biology and ecology of late Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems. Perhaps the single most important of these deposits is the silicified peat from the Triassic Fremouw Formation at Fremouw Peak in the Beardmore Glacier area. Triassic silicified peat also occurs elsewhere in the Transantarctic Mountains, including the Allan Hills in southern Victoria Land (Taylor & Taylor 1990) and Timber Peak in northern Victoria Land (Bomfleur et al.2011), but thus far the quality of preservation at other sites proved too poor to merit in-depth study.
Eltern eines Kindes mit Lernstörung zwischen Belastung und Unterstützung
Authors: Fritzler Nicole J. , Nehrig Melanie
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Eltern von Kindern mit einer Lernstörung erleben eine starke Belastung und ihre Lernunterstützung zu Hause variiert stark in Qualität und Quantität, obwohl diese für die Kinder wichtig ist. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit Zusammenhänge zwischen dem elterlichen Belastungserleben und ihrem Unterstützungsverhalten durch interindividuelle Unterschiede in handlungsleitenden Kognitionen (Kompetenzzweifel, Fixed Mindset) vermittelt werden können. Dieses Zusammenspiel wurde unter Rückgriff auf das Modell des schulbezogenen Elternengagements sowie impliziter Theorien untersucht. Weiterführend wurden Zusammenhänge mit der Weiterbildungsbereitschaft (Elterntraining zur Lernunterstützung) sowie Wünsche zur Unterstützung des Kindes betrachtet. Methode: Daten von N = 101 Eltern von Kindern mit einer Lernstörung wurden anhand einer Online-Erhebung befragt und mittels ordinal logistischer bzw. binärer Regressionen mit Mediationsanalyse ausgewertet. Elterliche Wünsche wurden inhaltlich kategorisiert. Ergebnisse: Die Befunde stützen die Annahme, dass die benannten Zusammenhänge durch elterliche Kognitionen vermittelt werden. Die häufigsten Wünsche betrafen methodische sowie emotionale Hilfestellungen und schulrechtliche Maßnahmen. Diskussion: Unterstützungsangebote für Eltern sollten auf die Reduktion „fixer“ Überzeugungen und die Steigerung des Kompetenzerlebens abzielen. Lehr- und Fachkräfte sollten in diesen Bereichen von entsprechenden Fortbildungsangeboten profitieren.
Unterscheiden sich Mädchen und Jungen im Interesse und der geschlechterspezifischen Leistungseinschätzung in Mathematik?
Authors: Wagner Joelle , Arifoski Ahmet , Kucian Karin
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Aussage „Mädchen sind schlecht in Mathe“ ist ein veraltetes und falsches Geschlechterstereotyp. Doch stellt sich die Frage, ob die Schüler:innen auch heute noch von diesem Stereotypen behaftet sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Unterschiede im mathematischen Interesse, der Selbsteinschätzung, der eigenen Leistung sowie der Wahrnehmung von geschlechtsspezifischen Kompetenzen bei Mädchen und Jungen in der Primarschule. Methode: Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, wurde eine Umfrage mit 124 Schüler:innen der 3. und 4. Klasse durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die Umfrage ergab, dass sich das Interesse an Mathematik der Geschlechter nicht bemerkbar unterscheidet. Allerdings schätzen Mädchen ihre mathematische Leistung schlechter ein als Jungen. Zudem deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass immer noch etwa die Hälfte der Schüler:innen der Meinung ist, dass es geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Mathematikleistung gibt. Dies wird überwiegend von Jungen vertreten, die zudem als das stärkere Geschlecht in Mathematik angesehen werden. Diskussion: Obwohl das Grundinteresse an Mathematik ähnlich ist, scheinen geschlechtsspezifische Leistungsvorstellungen in den Köpfen von Kindern immer noch vorhanden zu sein. Unterschiedliche Interessen und Leistungsbeurteilungen sind häufig das Ergebnis gesellschaftlicher Einflüsse und der schulischen Förderung von Jungen und Mädchen, denen nur durch grundlegende Veränderungen begegnet werden kann.
Modulation in Teleconnections of the El Nino Southern Oscillation by Atlantic Multidecadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Wreford D. , McGregor S. , Naha R.
Published: November 2024

This manuscript uses idealized AGCM experiments to explore impacts of observed decadal Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) changes on El Nino Southern Oscillation teleconnections. Significant regional changes are observed in numerous locations (e.g., Indo‐Pacific and Central Africa) due to the addition of the AMV anomalies. In some regions the teleconnection impacts of AMV forcing appeared to scale with the magnitude of the AMV forcing. However, the AMV induced modulation of temperature and precipitation teleconnections is regionally specific with changes in magnitude, statistical strength, and spatial connection dependent on region. These ENSO teleconnection changes were found to be asymmetric between AMV phases, with negative anomalies appearing to have a larger effect. We hypothesize these changes may be underpinned by a AMV induced modulation and migration of ENSO's equatorial precipitation response.
Dry Heat, Wet Heat, and Wetland Methane Emissions
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: November 2024

Compound weather events—such as extreme cold or heat combined with severe dryness or precipitation—have a greater effect on wetland methane emissions than discrete weather extremes do.
Coastal Supra‐Permafrost Aquifers of the Arctic and Their Significant Groundwater, Carbon, and Nitrogen Fluxes
Authors: Demir Cansu , McClelland James W. , Bristol Emily , Charette Matthew A. , Cardenas M. Bayani
Published: November 2024

Fresh submarine groundwater discharge (FSGD) can deliver significant fluxes of water and solutes from land to sea. In the Arctic, which accounts for ∼34% of coastlines globally, direct observations and knowledge of FSGD are scarce. Through integration of observations and process‐based models, we found that regardless of ice‐bonded permafrost depth at the shore, summer SGD flow dynamics along portions of the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska are similar to those in lower latitudes. Calculated summer FSGD fluxes in the Arctic are generally higher relative to low latitudes. The FSGD organic carbon and nitrogen fluxes are likely larger than summer riverine input. The FSGD also has very high CO2 making it a potentially significant source of inorganic carbon. Thus, the biogeochemistry of Arctic coastal waters is potentially influenced by groundwater inputs during summer. These water and solute fluxes will likely increase as coastal permafrost across the Arctic thaws.
Light Limitation of Poleward Coral Reef Expansion During Past Warm Climates
Authors: Kruijt A. L. , Brachert T. , Sluijs A. , Middelburg J. J.
Published: November 2024

The latitudinal range of modern shallow‐water tropical corals is controlled by temperature, and presently limited to waters warmer than 16–18°C year‐round. However, even during Cenozoic climates with such temperatures in polar regions, coral reefs are not found beyond >50° latitude. Here, we test the hypothesis that daily available solar radiation limited poleward expansion of coral reefs during warm climates, using a new box model of shallow marine coral calcification. Our results show that calcification rates start to decline beyond 40° latitude and drop severely beyond 50° latitude, due to decreasing winter light intensity and day length, irrespective of aragonite saturation. This suggests that light ultimately prohibits further poleward expansion in warm climates. In addition, fossil coral reef distribution is not a robust proxy for water temperatures and poleward expansion of reefs beyond 50° latitude is not an expected carbon cycle feedback of climate warming.
Deep generative AI models analyzing circulating orphan non-coding RNAs enable detection of early-stage lung cancer
Authors: Karimzadeh Mehran , Momen-Roknabadi Amir , Cavazos Taylor B. , Fang Yuqi , Chen Nae-Chyun , Multhaup Michael , Yen Jennifer , Ku Jeremy , Wang Jieyang , Zhao Xuan , Murzynowski Philip , Wang Kathleen , Hanna Rose , Huang Alice , Corti Diana , Nguyen Dang , Lam Ti , Kilinc Seda , Arensdorf Patrick , Chau Kimberly H. , Hartwig Anna , Fish Lisa , Li Helen , Behsaz Babak , Elemento Olivier , Zou James , Hormozdiari Fereydoun , Alipanahi Babak , Goodarzi Hani
Published: November 2024

Liquid biopsies have the potential to revolutionize cancer care through non-invasive early detection of tumors. Developing a robust liquid biopsy test requires collecting high-dimensional data from a large number of blood samples across heterogeneous groups of patients. We propose that the generative capability of variational auto-encoders enables learning a robust and generalizable signature of blood-based biomarkers. In this study, we analyze orphan non-coding RNAs (oncRNAs) from serum samples of 1050 individuals diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at various stages, as well as sex-, age-, and BMI-matched controls. We demonstrate that our multi-task generative AI model, Orion, surpasses commonly used methods in both overall performance and generalizability to held-out datasets. Orion achieves an overall sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 87%–98%) at 87% (95% CI: 81%–93%) specificity for cancer detection across all stages, outperforming the sensitivity of other methods on held-out validation datasets by more than  ~ 30%.
Integrated molecular and functional characterization of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities in glioma
Authors: Fernandez Elizabeth G. , Mai Wilson X. , Song Kai , Bayley Nicholas A. , Kim Jiyoon , Zhu Henan , Pioso Marissa , Young Pauline , Andrasz Cassidy L. , Cadet Dimitri , Liau Linda M. , Li Gang , Yong William H. , Rodriguez Fausto J. , Dixon Scott J. , Souers Andrew J. , Li Jingyi Jessica , Graeber Thomas G. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Nathanson David A.
Published: November 2024

Genomic profiling often fails to predict therapeutic outcomes in cancer. This failure is, in part, due to a myriad of genetic alterations and the plasticity of cancer signaling networks. Functional profiling, which ascertains signaling dynamics, is an alternative method to anticipate drug responses. It is unclear whether integrating genomic and functional features of solid tumours can provide unique insight into therapeutic vulnerabilities. We perform combined molecular and functional characterization, via BH3 profiling of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery, in glioma patient samples and derivative models. We identify that standard-of-care therapy rapidly rewires apoptotic signaling in a genotype-specific manner, revealing targetable apoptotic vulnerabilities in gliomas containing specific molecular features (e.g., TP53 WT). However, integration of BH3 profiling reveals high mitochondrial priming is also required to induce glioma apoptosis. Accordingly, a machine-learning approach identifies a composite molecular and functional signature that best predicts responses of diverse intracranial glioma models to standard-of-care therapies combined with ABBV-155, a clinical drug targeting intrinsic apoptosis. This work demonstrates how complementary functional and molecular data can robustly predict therapy-induced cell death.
Glycan-induced structural activation softens the human papillomavirus capsid for entry through reduction of intercapsomere flexibility
Authors: Feng Yuzhen , van Bodegraven Dominik , Kádek Alan , L. B. Munguira Ignacio , Soria-Martinez Laura , Nentwich Sarah , Saha Sreedeepa , Chardon Florian , Kavan Daniel , Uetrecht Charlotte , Schelhaas Mario , Roos Wouter H.
Published: November 2024

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause various cancers. While type-specific prophylactic vaccines are available, additional anti-viral strategies are highly desirable. Initial HPV cell entry involves receptor-switching induced by structural capsid modifications. These modifications are initiated by interactions with cellular heparan sulphates (HS), however, their molecular nature and functional consequences remain elusive. Combining virological assays with hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy, we investigate the effect of capsid-HS binding and structural activation. We show how HS-induced structural activation requires a minimal HS-chain length and simultaneous engagement of several binding sites by a single HS molecule. This engagement introduces a pincer-like force that stabilizes the capsid in a conformation with extended capsomer linkers. It results in capsid enlargement and softening, thereby likely facilitating L1 proteolytic cleavage and subsequent L2-externalization, as needed for cell entry. Our data supports the further devising of prophylactic strategies against HPV infections.
Cryo-EM structures of apo-APC/C and APC/CCDH1:EMI1 complexes provide insights into APC/C regulation
Authors: Höfler Anna , Yu Jun , Yang Jing , Zhang Ziguo , Chang Leifu , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Grime Geoffrey W. , Garman Elspeth F. , Boland Andreas , Barford David
Published: November 2024

APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that functions as a master regulator of cell division. It controls progression through the cell cycle by timely marking mitotic cyclins and other cell cycle regulatory proteins for degradation. The APC/C itself is regulated by the sequential action of its coactivator subunits CDC20 and CDH1, post-translational modifications, and its inhibitory binding partners EMI1 and the mitotic checkpoint complex. In this study, we took advantage of developments in cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of human APC/CCDH1:EMI1 and apo-APC/C at 2.9 Å and 3.2 Å resolution, respectively, providing insights into the regulation of APC/C activity. The high-resolution maps allow the unambiguous assignment of an α-helix to the N-terminus of CDH1 (CDH1α1) in the APC/CCDH1:EMI1 ternary complex. We also identify a zinc-binding module in APC2 that confers structural stability to the complex, and we confirm the presence of zinc ions experimentally. Finally, due to the higher resolution and well defined density of these maps, we are able to build, aided by AlphaFold predictions, several intrinsically disordered regions in different APC/C subunits that likely play a role in proper APC/C assembly and regulation of its activity.
An evolutionarily conserved metabolite inhibits biofilm formation in Escherichia coli K-12
Authors: Guo Jingzhe , Van De Ven Wilhelmina T , Skirycz Aleksandra , Thirumalaikumar Venkatesh P. , Zeng Liping , Zhang Quanqing , Balcke Gerd Ulrich , Tissier Alain , Dehesh Katayoon
Published: November 2024

Methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in plant plastids and in bacteria, and acts as a stress signal in plants. Here, we show that MEcPP regulates biofilm formation in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655. Increased MEcPP levels, triggered by genetic manipulation or oxidative stress, inhibit biofilm development and production of fimbriae. Deletion of fimE, encoding a protein known to downregulate production of adhesive fimbriae, restores biofilm formation in cells with elevated MEcPP levels. Limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) reveals that MEcPP interacts with the global regulatory protein H-NS, which is known to repress transcription of fimE. MEcPP prevents the binding of H-NS to the fimE promoter. Therefore, our results indicate that MEcPP can regulate biofilm formation by modulating H-NS activity and thus reducing fimbriae production. Further research is needed to test whether MEcPP plays similar regulatory roles in other bacteria.
Effect of XBB.1.5-adapted booster vaccination on the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity
Authors: Pušnik Jernej , Monzon-Posadas Werner O. , Osypchuk Emmanuil , Dubiel Aleksandra Elzbieta , Baum Maximilian , Fehring Paulina , Büning Antonia , Klant Tobias , Streeck Hendrik
Published: November 2024

In the present study, Pušnik et al. investigated whether the XBB.1.5-adapted booster can overcome the persistent imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by wild-type based vaccines. The findings demonstrate increased plasma neutralization against the homologous variant following the booster vaccination. Formation of de novo humoral response against the mutated epitopes of XBB.1.5 variant’s surface proteins was observed in 3/20 individuals. The booster vaccination had no significant effect on T-cell response.
The Parkinson’s disease drug entacapone disrupts gut microbiome homeostasis via iron sequestration
Authors: Pereira Fátima C. , Ge Xiaowei , Kristensen Jannie M. , Kirkegaard Rasmus H. , Maritsch Klara , Szamosvári Dávid , Imminger Stefanie , Seki David , Shazzad Juwairiyah B. , Zhu Yifan , Decorte Marie , Hausmann Bela , Berry David , Wasmund Kenneth , Schintlmeister Arno , Böttcher Thomas , Cheng Ji-Xin , Wagner Michael
Published: November 2024

Many human-targeted drugs alter the gut microbiome, leading to implications for host health. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well known. Here we combined quantitative microbiome profiling, long-read metagenomics, stable isotope probing and single-cell chemical imaging to investigate the impact of two widely prescribed drugs on the gut microbiome. Physiologically relevant concentrations of entacapone, a treatment for Parkinson’s disease, or loxapine succinate, used to treat schizophrenia, were incubated ex vivo with human faecal samples. Both drugs significantly impact microbial activity, more so than microbial abundance. Mechanistically, entacapone can complex and deplete available iron resulting in gut microbiome composition and function changes. Microbial growth can be rescued by replenishing levels of microbiota-accessible iron. Further, entacapone-induced iron starvation selected for iron-scavenging gut microbiome members encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. These findings reveal the impact of two under-investigated drugs on whole microbiomes and identify metal sequestration as a mechanism of drug-induced microbiome disturbance.
CFTR expression decreases with age in several airway cell types
Authors: Corcoran Timothy E. , Broerman Matthew J. , Kliment Corrine R. , Lo Cecilia
Published: November 2024

The mucociliary clearance (MC) system is a vital host defense against infection in the lung. MC system function is dependent on ciliary density, structure, and function and airway surface liquid (ASL) composition and hydration. Animal and human studies indicate that MC rate decreases with age which may contribute to the increased rates of pulmonary infection experienced by older people. The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encodes an anion channel on epithelial surfaces that plays a key role in maintaining ASL hydration. Failure or dysfunction of CFTR could result in the dehydration of airway mucus, depressing MC. Here we use two available databases including bulk (GTEx) and single-cell (CELLxGENE) sequencing data from the lung to determine if CFTR expression decreases with age. Bulk expression data and single-cell expression data from goblet, club, and respiratory basal cells all demonstrated patterns of decreasing CFTR expression with age. Ciliated airway cells did not. Secretory cells (including club and goblet cells) and basal cells are the largest source of CFTR expression in the airway. This indicates that changes in CFTR expression and ASL dehydration may contribute to the decreasing MC associated with aging.
Deep learning based emulator for predicting voltage behaviour in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Oka Kanato , Tanibata Naoto , Takeda Hayami , Nakayama Masanobu , Noguchi Syuto , Karasuyama Masayuki , Fujiwara Yoshiya , Miyuki Takuhiro
Published: November 2024

This study presents a data-driven battery emulator using long short-term memory deep learning models to predict the charge–discharge behaviour of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This study aimed to reduce the economic costs and time associated with the fabrication of large-scale automotive prototype batteries by emulating their performance using smaller laboratory-produced batteries. Two types of datasets were targeted: simulation data from the Dualfoil model and experimental data from liquid-based LIBs. These datasets were used to accurately predict the voltage profiles from the arbitrary inputs of various galvanostatic charge–discharge schedules. The results demonstrated high prediction accuracy, with the coefficient of determination scores reaching 0.98 and 0.97 for test datasets obtained from the simulation and experiments, respectively. The study also confirmed the significance of state-of-charge descriptors and inferred that a robust model performance could be achieved with as few as five charge–discharge training datasets. This study concludes that data-driven emulation using machine learning can significantly accelerate the battery development process, providing a powerful tool for reducing the time and economic costs associated with the production of large-scale prototype batteries.
Soluble endoglin as a biomarker of successful rheopheresis treatment in patients with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Blaha Vladimir , Rathouska Jana Urbankova , Langrova Hana , Blaha Milan , Studnicka Jan , Andrys Ctirad , Loefflerova Veronika , Lanska Miriam , Vejrazkova Eva , Nachtigal Petr , Stepanov Alexandr
Published: November 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive chronic disease causing visual impairment or central vision loss in the elderly. We hypothesized that successful rheopheresis would be associated with positive changes in soluble endoglin (sENG), PSCK9, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and hs-CRP levels. 31 elderly patients with the dry form of AMD, treated with rheopheresis with a follow-up period of at least 5 years and an average age of 68 ± 4 years, were evaluated. Each treated patient received a series of 8 procedures in 10 weeks and, after the 2-year period, another 2 procedures within 1 week. Then, the patients were followed up every 6 months and divided into the successfully treated and therapeutic failure group according to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), size of the drusen area, and the drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (DPED). Based on the ophthalmological assessment, rheopheresis treatment was successful in 73% of AMD patients. The therapy was associated with a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) levels, and rheologically important parameters, irrespective of the therapy’s success or failure. The success of rheopheresis therapy was exclusively related to a significant decrease in sENG and A2M levels. Over the long term, rheopheresis prevented the decline of BCVA, reduced the DPED and area of macular drusen, and improved the preservation of an intact photoreceptor ellipsoid zone in most patients. Moreover, we showed for the first time that sENG and A2M could be potentially sensitive biomarkers of successful rheopheresis procedure, irrespective of lipid parameters changes.
Incorporation of regulatory DNA elements within a viral vector improves recombinant protein expression in plants
Authors: Coates Ryan J. , Scofield Simon , Young Mark T.
Published: November 2024

Plants have significant potential as recombinant protein expression chassis, as they can produce complex post-translationally modified proteins that are unobtainable using prokaryotic production systems, with almost limitless scalability and substantially reduced costs relative to eukaryotic cell cultures. Transient protein expression reduces the time taken between transformation and recombinant protein extraction and purification, however low protein yields relative to conventional stable expression systems remain a major obstacle. Here, we have assessed the effectiveness of combining several established genetic components, including a promoter, 5’ UTR, 3’ UTR, double terminator, and matrix attachment region, to modify the TMV-based pJL-TRBO expression vector for improved recombinant protein expression in plants. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as a reporter, we quantified expression using fluorescence imaging in planta together with SDS-PAGE and western blotting and showed that our optimum construct resulted in a significant increase relative to pJL-TRBO-eGFP. This increase was exclusively due to the presence of the additional 5’ UTR. We anticipate that our expression constructs will be a useful tool for high-yield plant recombinant protein production and may serve as a template for further improvements.
Application of component failure physics for the reliability assessment of an autonomous braking system
Authors: Banerjee Debraj , Tan Cher Ming , Baruah Nilim Akash
Published: November 2024

The growing demand for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) requires strong reliability. However, implementing Design for Reliability (DfR) in CPS requires a deep understanding of the components’ Physics of Failure. In this work, an autonomous braking system, a Cyber-Physical System is chosen to demonstrate the application of failure physics for DfR of CPS. The component under investigation is a crystal oscillator in the control circuit of the braking system. By subjecting it to a temperature cycling that mimics the realistic environment of the component, its degradation is found to significantly increase vehicle stopping distances, thereby posing potential safety hazards. Importantly, the relationship between the oscillator’s degradation and the stopping distance is non-linear, which is critical in avoiding simplistic extrapolations from initial degradation data to determine the time to replace the braking system. The outcomes of this study also provide essential design guidelines to enhance the reliability and safety of autonomous vehicle braking systems.
Systematic review to understand users perspectives on AI-enabled decision aids to inform shared decision making
Authors: Hassan Nehal , Slight Robert , Bimpong Kweku , Bates David W. , Weiand Daniel , Vellinga Akke , Morgan Graham , Slight Sarah P.
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision aids can contribute to the shared decision-making process between patients and clinicians through personalised recommendations. This systematic review aims to understand users’ perceptions on using AI-enabled decision aids to inform shared decision-making. Four databases were searched. The population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study design tool was used to formulate eligibility criteria. Titles, abstracts and full texts were independently screened and PRISMA guidelines followed. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Twenty-six articles were included, with AI-enabled decision aids used for screening and prevention, prognosis, and treatment. Patients found the AI-enabled decision aids easy to understand and user-friendly, fostering a sense of ownership and promoting better adherence to recommended treatment. Clinicians expressed concerns about how up-to-date the information was and the potential for over- or under-treatment. Despite users’ positive perceptions, they also acknowledged certain challenges relating to the usage and risk of bias that would need to be addressed.

Registration: PROSPERO database: (CRD42020220320)
Magnetic domain walls interacting with dislocations in micromagnetic simulations
Authors: Kaappa Sami , Santa-aho Suvi , Honkanen Mari , Vippola Minnamari , Laurson Lasse
Published: November 2024

Defects, impurities, and embedded particles in ferromagnetic materials are long known to be responsible for the Barkhausen effect due to the jerky field-driven motion of domain walls and have more recently been shown to play a role also in domain wall dynamics in nanoscale ferromagnetic structures used in spintronics devices. Simulating the magnetic domain wall dynamics in the micromagnetic framework offers a straightforward route to study such systems and phenomena. However, the related work in the past suffers from material imperfections being introduced without proper physical foundation. Here, we implement dislocation stress fields in micromagnetic simulations through the induced anisotropy fields by inverse magnetostriction. The effects of individual dislocations on domain wall dynamics in thin films of different Fe surface lattice planes are characterized numerically. As a demonstration of the applicability of the implementation, we consider disorder fields due to randomly positioned dislocations with different densities, and study the avalanche-like transient approach towards the depinning transition of a domain wall driven by a slowly increasing external magnetic field.
Networks extracted from nonlinear fMRI connectivity exhibit unique spatial variation and enhanced sensitivity to differences between individuals with schizophrenia and controls
Authors: Kinsey Spencer , Kazimierczak Katarzyna , Camazón Pablo Andrés , Chen Jiayu , Adali Tülay , Kochunov Peter , Adhikari Bhim M. , Ford Judith , van Erp Theo G. M. , Dhamala Mukesh , Calhoun Vince D. , Iraji Armin
Published: November 2024

Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder associated with widespread alterations in functional brain connectivity. Although data-driven approaches such as independent component analysis are often used to study how schizophrenia impacts linearly connected networks, alterations within the underlying nonlinear functional connectivity structure remain largely unknown. Here we report the analysis of networks from explicitly nonlinear functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity in a case–control dataset. We found systematic spatial variation, with higher nonlinear weight within core regions, suggesting that linear analyses underestimate functional connectivity within network centers. We also found that a unique nonlinear network incorporating default-mode, cingulo-opercular and central executive regions exhibits hypoconnectivity in schizophrenia, indicating that typically hidden connectivity patterns may reflect inefficient network integration in psychosis. Moreover, nonlinear networks including those previously implicated in auditory, linguistic and self-referential cognition exhibit heightened statistical sensitivity to schizophrenia diagnosis, collectively underscoring the potential of our methodology to resolve complex brain phenomena and transform clinical connectivity analysis.
Reduced cross-protective potential of Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccines against potentially zoonotic coronaviruses
Authors: Renner Tyler M. , Stuible Matthew , Cass Brian , Perret Sylvie , Guimond Julie , Lord-Dufour Simon , McCluskie Michael J. , Durocher Yves , Akache Bassel
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of vaccines and preparedness against viral threats crossing species barriers. In response, a worldwide vaccination campaign targeting SARS-CoV-2 was implemented, which provides some cross-protective immunological memory to other coronavirus species with zoonotic potential. Following a vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2 spike in a preclinical mouse model, we were able to demonstrate the induction of neutralizing antibodies towards multiple human ACE2 (hACE2)-binding Sarbecovirus spikes. Importantly, compared to vaccines based on the SARS-CoV-2 Reference strain, vaccines based on Omicron spike sequences induced drastically less broadly cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against other hACE2-binding sarbecoviruses. This observation remained true whether the vaccination regimens were based on protein subunit or mRNA / LNP vaccines. Overall, while it may be necessary to update vaccine antigens to combat the evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus for enhanced protection from COVID-19, Reference-based vaccines may be a more valuable tool to protect against novel coronavirus zoonoses.
PGI Chianina meat traceability by means of multivariate HRMAS-NMR data analysis
Authors: Ritota Mena , Contò Michela , Failla Sebastiana , Beni Claudio , Macchioni Alceo , Valentini Massimiliano
Published: November 2024

1H-HRMAS-NMR and PLS-DA and OPLS-DA is a tool for the traceability of meat. The OPLS-DA discriminates PGI from non-PGI samples with one LV. The discriminating metabolites were identified, providing hints for the metabolic pathways.
Dual chalcogenide coordination engineering on a self-supported alloy electrode for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Huang Shaobo , Meng Fanhui , Dong Jianhui , Zhuang Wenhao , Liang Zexin , Fan Chengfeng , Hou Xiaoyi , Wang Huiwen
Published: November 2024

One-step dual chalcogenide coordination engineering on a commercial alloy for enhanced HER performance.
Enhanced bipolar membranes for durable ampere-level water electrolysis
Authors: Luo Fen , Yu Weisheng , Li Xiaojiang , Liang Xian , Li Wenfeng , Duan Fanglin , Wang Yaoming , Ge Xiaolin , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen
Published: November 2024

The bipolar membranes, designed with innovative catalytic interfaces and advanced membrane layer engineering, demonstrate exceptional long-term durability during ampere-level water electrolysis.
Bayesian optimization and prediction of the durability of triple-halide perovskite thin films under light and heat stressors
Authors: Cakan Deniz N. , Oberholtz Eric , Kaushal Ken , Dunfield Sean P. , Fenning David P.
Published: November 2024

A machine learning regression model robustly predicts phase instability in wide bandgap halide perovskites by linking the spectral variation in 60-second photoluminescence tests to tests under 800 h, 1-sun, 85 °C conditions.
Biological entities of green factories for nano-grafting zinc oxide: a comparative antibacterial mechanism
Authors: Sun Shaoxin , Batool Sana , Saba Iram , Ahmed Iftikhar , Ahmad Shafiq , Tariq Tuba , Khan Ilham , Mustafa Ghazala , Hasan Murtaza
Published: November 2024

Triple channeling of zinc metal through Withania coagulans, Cordia myxa, and Fagonia cretica bio-reducing potentials was performed using a one-pot synthesis.
Correction: A multifunctional black phosphorus nanosheet-based immunomagnetic bio-interface for heterogeneous circulating tumor cell capture and simultaneous self-identification in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Zuo Yifan , Xia Yi , Lu Wenwen , Li Yue , Xiao Yang , Gao Shuai , Zhou Zhiyi , Xu Hao , Feng Xingqing , Li Chenglin , Yu Yanyan
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘A multifunctional black phosphorus nanosheet-based immunomagnetic bio-interface for heterogeneous circulating tumor cell capture and simultaneous self-identification in gastric cancer patients’ by Yifan Zuo et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 3872–3883, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR04277K.
Stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-bromo-hexopyrano-β-nucleosides: solvent-free Lewis acid catalysis
Authors: Sakander Norein , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: November 2024

A solvent-free, Lewis acid-catalyzed synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-bromo-hexopyrano-β-nucleosides achieves high stereo- and regioselectivity showcases broad substrate scope with pyrimidine and purine bases.
Synthesis and RAFT polymerisation of hydrophobic acrylamide monomers derived from plant oils
Authors: Harris Oliver J. , Tollington Peter , Greenhalgh Calum J. , Larder Ryan R. , Willcock Helen , Hatton Fiona L.
Published: November 2024

Polymeric materials based on fatty acids have been synthesised using RAFT polymerisation. This work demonstrates the potential of biobased monomers, isolated directly from plant oils, for well-defined polymers to develop more sustainable materials.
Effect of H3PO4 coordination on vanadium extraction and iron separation in a H2SO4 leaching system
Authors: Zhao Xuxia , Zhang Yimin , Xue Nannan , Hu Pengcheng , Zheng Qiushi
Published: November 2024

A novel complex acid leaching route for extracting V is proposed. The selectivity of the H3PO4–H2SO4 system is superior to H2SO4. Fe3+ coordinated with PO43− to reduce Fe impurity; H3PO4–H2SO4 leaching separated the V and Fe.
Nitrogen regulation in polyester-based carbons and adsorption of gaseous benzene and ethyl acetate
Authors: Wang Gang , Tan Pingping , Kong Ziyan , Ao Jianfang , Wang Ran , Zhang Zhongshen , Hao Zhengping
Published: November 2024

The influences of nitrogen doping using four organic compounds on polyester-based carbons are investigated. Pyridine shows the maximum improvement in the adsorption of VOCs with different polarities under both dry and wet conditions.
Bimodal accurate H2O2 regulation to equalize tumor-associated macrophage repolarization and immunogenic tumor cell death elicitation
Authors: Zhao Yan , Kong Weiheng , Zhu Jianqing , Qu Fengli
Published: November 2024

A H2O2-mediation bimodal responsive therapeutic adjuvant can synergistically induce TAM repolarization and ICD elicitation to promote effective immune effects against tumors.
Highly selective customized reduction products for hydrogenation of CO2-derived urea derivatives or carbamates
Authors: Zhu Jun , Wang Yongtao , Yao Jia , Li Haoran
Published: November 2024

Selectively customizing hydrogenation products of urea derivatives or carbamates without external acid/base additives remains unrealized. Herein, we report a promising route to selectively obtain formamides, methanol, or methylamines.
Reduction of CO2 captured in basic solutions with biomass as reducing agent and metallic catalysts
Authors: Chinchilla Maira I. , Martín Ángel , McGregor J. , Mato Fidel A. , Bermejo María D.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents a novel technology for simultaneously transforming CO2 and biomass at hydrothermal media to obtain organic acids.
Shape selective cracking of polypropylene on an H-MFI type zeolite catalyst with recovery of cyclooctane solvent
Authors: Fukumasa Tomohiro , Kawatani Yuya , Masuda Hiroki , Nakashita Ikuto , Hashiguchi Ryusei , Takemoto Masanori , Suganuma Satoshi , Tsuji Etsushi , Wakaihara Toru , Katada Naonobu
Published: November 2024

Polyolefin was selectively cracked in the micropores of an MFI-zeolite catalyst, while the solvent, cyclooctane with bulky a molecular shape, was mostly recovered. It opens a way for chemical recycling of plastic without consuming other materials.
Analysis of the product-spectrum during the biocatalytic hydrolysis of PEF (poly(ethylene furanoate)) with various esterases
Authors: Heinks Tobias , Hofmann Katrin , Zimmermann Lennard , Gamm Igor , Lieb Alexandra , Blach Luise , Wei Ren , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Thiele Julian , Hamel Christof , von Langermann Jan
Published: November 2024

Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) is considered the greener alternative to classical poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), but still needs to be recycled. This study investigates the product-spectrum during biocatalytic hydrolysis by various esterases.
What impact does ammonia have on the microstructure of the precursor and the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich layered oxides?
Authors: Zhang Jilu , Zhai Xinyue , Zhao Tian , Yang Xiaoxia , Wang Qin , Chen Zhongjun , Chen Meng-Cheng , Ma Jian-Jie , Lu Ying-Rui , Hung Sung-Fu , Hua Weibo
Published: November 2024

This study explores how ammonia concentration affects particle morphology, nucleation rates, and the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials, emphasizing the critical role of microstructural control in improved battery performance.
Defect management and crystallization regulation for high-efficiency carbon-based printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells via a single organic small molecule
Authors: Wang Jinjiang , Wang Dongjie , Xu Dang , Zhang Yang , Huang Tianhuan , Zhang Doudou , Zhang Zheling , Xiong Jian , Huang Yu , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2024

A 19.12% efficiency in MPSCs was achieved by manipulating crystallization and managing defects via introducing dicyandiamide.
A controlled co-assembly approach to tune temperature responsiveness of biomimetic proteins
Authors: Wanasingha Nisal , Balu Rajkamal , Rekas Agata , Mata Jitendra P. , Dutta Naba K. , Choudhury Namita Roy
Published: November 2024

The controlled co-assembly of biomacromolecules through tuneable interactions offers a simple and fascinating opportunity to assemble multiple molecules into a single entity with enhanced complexity and unique properties.
Mind your gut
Authors: Kudellage Ranudi
Published: November 2024

The Biochemical Society identifies and celebrates outstanding science communication talent in molecular biosciences with its annual Science Communication Prize. Ranuadi Kudellage, from the UK, won the first prize in the Higher Education category. Ranudi’s entry is titled ‘Mind your gut’.
DARWEN: Data-driven Algorithm for Reduction of Wide Exoplanetary Networks
Authors: Lira-Barria A. , Harvey J. N. , Konings T. , Baeyens R. , Henríquez C. , Decin L. , Venot O. , Veillet R.
Published: November 2024

Context. Exoplanet atmospheric modeling is advancing toward complex coupled circulation-chemistry models, from chemically diverse 1D models to 3D global circulation models (GCMs). These models are crucial for interpreting observations from facilities like JWST and ELT and understanding exoplanet atmospheres. However, maintaining chemical diversity in 1D models and especially in GCMs is computationally expensive, limiting their complexity. Optimizing the number of reactions and species in the simulated atmosphere can address this tradeoff, but there is a lack of transparent and efficient methods for this optimization in the current exoplanet literature.

Aims. We aim to develop a systematic approach for reducing chemical networks in exoplanetary atmospheres, balancing accuracy and computational efficiency. Our method is data-driven, meaning we do not manually add reactions or species. Instead, we test possible reduced chemical networks and select the optimal one based on metrics for accuracy and computational efficiency. Our approach can optimize a network for similar planets simultaneously, can assign weights to prioritize either accuracy or efficiency, and is applicable in the presence of photochemistry.

Methods. We propose an approach based on a sensitivity analysis of a typical 1D chemical kinetics model. Principal component analysis was applied to the obtained sensitivities. To achieve a fast and reliable reduction of chemical networks, we utilized a genetic algorithm (GA), a machine-learning optimization method that mimics natural selection to find solutions by evolving a population of candidate solutions.

Results. We present three distinct schemes tailored for different priorities: accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability to photochemistry. These schemes demonstrate improved performance and reduced computational costs. Our work represents the first reduction of a chemical network with photochemistry in exoplanet research.

Conclusions. Our GA-based method offers a versatile and efficient approach to reduce chemical networks in exoplanetary atmospheres, enhancing both accuracy and computational efficiency.
Accurate sticking coefficient calculation for carbonaceous dust growth through accretion and desorption in astrophysical environments
Authors: Bossion D. , Sarangi A. , Aalto S. , Esmerian C. , Hashemi S. R. , Knudsen K. K. , Vlemmings W. , Nyman G.
Published: November 2024

Context. Cosmic dust is ubiquitous in astrophysical environments, where it significantly influences the chemistry and the spectra. Dust grains are likely to grow through the accretion of atoms and molecules from the gas-phase onto them. Despite their importance, only a few studies have computed the sticking coefficients for relevant temperatures and species, along with their direct impact on grain growth. Overall, the formation of dust and its growth are not well understood.

Aims. This study is aimed at calculating the sticking coefficients, binding energies, and grain growth rates over a broad range of temperatures, for various gas species interacting with carbonaceous dust grains.

Methods. We performed molecular dynamics simulations with a reactive force field algorithm to compute accurate sticking coefficients and obtain the binding energies. These results were used to build an astrophysical model of nucleation regions to study dust growth.

Results. We present, for the first time, the sticking coefficients of H, H2 , C, O, and CO on amorphous carbon structures for temperatures ranging from 50 K to 2250 K. In addition, we estimated the binding energies of H, C, and O in carbonaceous dust to calculate the thermal desorption rates. Combining accretion and desorption allows us to determine an effective accretion rate and sublimation temperature for carbonaceous dust.

Conclusions. We find that sticking coefficients can differ substantially from what is commonly used in astrophysical models. This offers us new insights into carbonaceous dust grain growth via accretion in dust-forming regions.
The Role of Mangrove Forests in Promoting Tourism and Conversation in Dumai City
Authors: Febrina Wetri , Abdillah Nuryasin , Yusriza Yusrizal , Putra Sony Adiya , Srihandayani Susy
Published: November 2024

The dimishing green spaces and the status of Dumai City as one of the municipalities with the largest forest areas in Indonesia have prompted the need to investigate and assess the potential of mangrove forests as part of the tourism landscape in Dumai City. Dumai City Forest Tourism is part of the Sungai Dumai Nature Park (Taman Wisata Alam Sungai Dumai), This tourism forest includes mangrove forest areas, commonly known as Bandar Bakau. Using a semi-literature review and SWOT analysis, this research assesses the ecological and community impacts of integrating Bandar Bakau mangroves into tourism. Results show that Bandar Bakau is historically a mangrove forest conservation area that protects the coastline near the mouth of the Dumai River. Within this mangrove forest, there are several species of flora and fauna that need preservation, as some are on the brink of extinction. Collaboration from all parties is essential to protect this mangrove forest from damage. This research aims to evaluate the potential of the mangrove forest area in Dumai City as a tourism area and to assess its impact on the lives of the surrounding community. This research provides a model for integrating conservation with tourism, aligning environmental protection with socio-economic benefits.