bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halloysite nanotube reinforcement endows ameliorated fracture resistance of seawater aged basalt/epoxy composites
Authors: Ulus Hasan , Kaybal Halil Burak , Eskizeybek Volkan , Avcı Ahmet
Published: February 2020

Seawater aging-dominated delamination failure is a critical design parameter for marine composites. Modification of matrix with nanosized reinforcements of fiber-reinforced polymer composites comes forward as an effective way to improve the delamination resistance of marine composites. In this study, we aimed to investigate experimentally the effect of halloysite nanotube nanoreinforcements on the fracture performance of artificial seawater aged basalt–epoxy composites. For this, we introduced various amounts of halloysite nanotubes into the epoxy and the halloysite nanotube–epoxy mixtures were used to impregnate to basalt fabrics via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, subsequently. Fracture performances of the halloysite nanotubes modified epoxy and basalt/epoxy composite laminated were evaluated separately. Single edge notched tensile tests were conducted on halloysite nanotube modified epoxy nanocomposites and the average stress intensity factor (KIC) was increased from 1.65 to 2.36 MPa.m1/2 (by 43%) with the incorporation of 2 wt % halloysite nanotubes. The interlaminar shear strength and Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) of basalt–epoxy hybrid composites were enhanced from 36.1 to 42.9 MPa and from 1.22 to 1.44 kJ/m2, respectively. Moreover, the hybrid composites exhibited improved seawater aging performance by almost 52% and 34% in interlaminar shear strength and GIC values compared to the neat basalt-epoxy composites after conditioning in seawater for six months, respectively. We proposed a model to represent fracture behavior of the seawater aged hybrid composite based on scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy analyses.
The Power of Purposeful Play in Primary Grades: Adjusting Pedagogy for Children’s Needs and Academic Gains
Authors: Allee-Herndon Karyn A. , Roberts Sherron Killingsworth
Published: February 2020

The amount of intentional, instructional, purposeful play has decreased in primary grades, and didactic, test-driven instruction has increased. Emerging neuroscientific evidence is beginning to highlight the significant effects the toxic stress from poverty has on developing brains. Almost half of American children can be considered to come from low-income to high-poverty households. Purposeful play may be the best solution to help ensure an equal and equitable educational playing field. This reflection establishes a research-based rationale for a more play-based pedagogy in primary grades and posits how striking balance between purposeful play and rigorous educational expectations is key to better developmental outcomes.
Gender, Racial Threat, and Perceived Risk in an Urban University Setting
Authors: Jacobsen Shannon K. , Miller Jody , Bhardwaj Ntasha
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

We provide new insights about the role of gender, race, and place in perceived risk and fear of crime and discuss the possible boundaries of the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which attributes women’s higher levels of fear to their underlying fear of rape across a variety of ecological contexts.

Method:

Analyses are based on data from in-depth qualitative interviews with 34 undergraduates attending a diverse urban university in a highly disadvantaged community in the northeast. Purposive and theoretical sampling strategies were used, and thematic saturation was achieved.

Results:

We find striking gender similarities in students’ perceptions of risk and fear of crime in this particular context. Specifically, both women and men drew on their perceptions of disorder in the community when defining the threat of victimization, which they believed was robbery committed by the city’s African American male residents.

Conclusions:

The gendered shadow of sexual assault was surprisingly absent from students’ discussions, suggesting that it may not be as universal across context as previous research suggests. We argue that microlevel contexts and methodological factors may shape the shadow’s presence, nature, and strength in gendered fear and perceived risk.
A modified Fox pentagon technique performed using a polytetrafluoroethylene sling in frontalis suspension to treat blepharophimosis syndrome
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wu Qian , Li Li , Liu Wen , Li Cheng , Fan Yunwei , Cao WenHong , Li Ningdong
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and cosmetic outcomes of a new modified Fox pentagon technique performed using polytetrafluoroethylene in frontalis suspension surgery for blepharophimosis syndrome. This retrospective study enrolled 40 patients diagnosed with blepharophimosis syndrome from March 2016 to October 2018. All patients underwent frontalis suspension using a new modified Fox pentagon technique. The functional and cosmetic outcomes were evaluated. After the operation, the mean palpebral fissure height increased from 2.68 to 6.93 in right eyes and from 2.73 to 6.98 in left eyes. The mean MRD1 increased from 0.53 to 3.76 in right eyes and from 0.50 to 3.78 in left eyes. While preoperative to postoperative differences were statistically significant ( p < 0.01), there were no significant differences between right and left eyes either before or after the surgery ( p > 0.01). All patients achieved good cosmetic results with an average score of 0.6. We have experimentally created a modified Fox pentagon technique performed using a polytetrafluoroethylene sling in a frontalis suspension to treat BPES; this approach yielded favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Distribution of fiber intersections in two-dimensional random fiber web cases with a mixture of two fiber lengths
Authors: Chun Heuiju , Suh Moon W
Published: February 2020

The statistical distribution of the number of fiber intersections in a unit area is of great importance in determining the physical and mechanical properties of random fiber webs and the products produced. The distribution of the number of fiber intersections determines the non-uniformity of the basis weight and can be used in designing optimal control strategies relating to such physical properties as strength, elongation, air/water permeability, acoustics and filtering efficiencies of fiber webs and nonwoven fabrics. This paper developed a geometrical and probabilistic model for the number of fiber intersections in two-dimensional random fiber webs, where two distinct fiber lengths are mixed at varying ratios. This work is an extension of a previously derived paper where the model assumed that all fiber lengths are equal. Here, we present a geometrical probabilistic model, theories for deriving expectations and variances of the number of intersections in random fiber webs. The model and statistical parameters are validated through an extensive computer simulation study.
Parotidectomy: A Ten Year Experience with Fine Needle Aspiration and Frozen Section Biopsy Correlation
Authors: Megerian Cliff A. , Maniglia Anthony J.
Published: February 2020

During the years 1980 through 1990, 247 patients underwent parotidectomy at our institution for the removal of primary parotid lesions. Charts were reviewed in an effort to document the distribution of pathology in patients undergoing parotidectomy and the histopathology from each case was organized and tallied by virtue of the final specific diagnoses. An additional goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pre-operative fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section pathology in accurately predicting final histopathology. In our series, 86.7% of lesions were found to be benign and 13.3% were malignant in nature. When compared to final pathologic findings, FNAB yielded a diagnostic accuracy rate of 89.3% with a 2.1% false negative rate with regards to pre-operative detection of malignancy. Frozen section biopsy was found to have a diagnostic accuracy of 94.1% and also demonstrated a 2.1% false-negative rate. We believe these studies are indeed complementary to each other, as reflected in the 96.2% diagnostic accuracy achieved with a combination of FNAB and frozen section biopsy information. This report will review the patterns of misdiagnosis for each modality of diagnostic testing and present the parotid histopathology found over a 10-year period.
A Subjective Evaluation of a Nasal Dilator on Sleep & Snoring
Authors: Scharf Martin B. , McDannold Michael
Published: February 2020

A noninvasive external nasal dilator device was used by 20 subjects with a history of mild snoring in a 2 week open label study. The baseline assessments were obtained during the first week. Treatment effects were evaluated during the second week. Subjects were evaluated using: pre- and post-sleep questionnaires; Stanford Sleepiness Scales completed at breakfast, lunch and dinner; and post-sleep bed partner questionnnaires. All twenty subjects completed the study. A significant number of subjects’ scores improved for sleepiness. Mean scores for the subjective assessment for ease of breathing during sleep improved compared to baseline by 25.6%, snoring loudness improved by 34%, sleep quality improved by 21.8%, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale revealed a 26% reduction in daytime sleepiness.
A Case of Merkel Cell Carcinoma with Parotid Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Batman Çaglar , Sav Aydin , Mamikoglu Bülent , Üneri Cüneyd
Published: February 2020

We report a case of Merkel cell carcinoma with parotid lymph node metastasis. The pathology, clinical appearance and management of this rare tumor are discussed.
Meniere's Disease of Syphilitic Etiology
Authors: Pulec Jack L.
Published: February 2020

Congenital or acquired syphilis is the cause of Meniere's disease in six percent of all cases. The pathogenesis is endolymphatic hydrops and osteitis of the otic capsule which produces the characteristic fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and ear pressure associated with episodic spells of vertigo. The ear symptoms are, at first, typical of Meniere's disease of other etiologies. Failure to establish the specific etiologic diagnosis can result in unnecessary surgical treatment or inappropriate medical therapy. In some cases, if a steroid, the specific treatment, is not given promptly, hearing can be quickly and permanently lost. The etiology is confirmed by obtaining a reactive fluorescent treponema antibody absorption (FTA-abs) test. The clinical features and natural history of Meniere's disease of syphilitic etiology are unique. Ear symptoms often begin in the fifth decade of life, first in one ear and, after a few years, involving the second ear. Reduced or absent caloric responses are characteristic. When hearing loss is severe and sudden, this condition represents a true medical emergency and should be treated with prompt administration of steroids. An endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operation is occasionally necessary as adjunctive management. An analysis of 34 cases shows that long-term use of steroids can maintain effective hearing for more than 20 years.
Benign Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Larynx: Report of a Case and Review and Analysis of 20 Additional Cases in the Literature
Authors: Dubey Siba Prasad , Banerjee Satyabrata , Ghosh Lal Mohan , Roy Sudipta
Published: February 2020

Among the benign pleomorphic adenomas of the minor salivary glands, those that develop in the larynx are very rare. One such case of benign pleomorphic adenoma of the larynx in an adult female is described. The patient was treated with epiglottectomy with a lateral pharyngotomy approach. Review of the literature showed an additional 20 well-described cases of benign pleomorphic adenoma of the larynx. These patients usually present with hoarseness, dyspnea or dysphagia, or any combination of these depending on the site of origin and the size of the tumor. Occasionally the tumor may be discovered incidentally. The tumor can occur in any part of the larynx with the epiglottis being the most common site. Clinically they are indistinguishable from other benign laryngeal neoplasms, as surface mucosal lining remains intact. Histopathological examination is used to make the definitive diagnosis, but rarely, misinterpretation may occur. Conservative surgery provides a lasting cure.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Right Lingual Artery: An Unusual cause of Severe Hemorrhage during Tonsillectomy
Authors: Mitchell Ron B. , Pereira Kevin D. , Lazar Rande H. , Long Tom E. , Fournier Norman F.
Published: February 2020

Profuse intraoperative hemorrhage is an uncommon complication of tonsillectomy. We present a three-year-old girl who underwent a routine adenotonsillectomy during which massive bleeding occurred from a large vessel in the right tonsillar fossae. Angiography revealed an aberrant right lingual artery with a pseudoaneurysm. The right lingual artery was embolized with multiple coils and the bleeding was halted. The causes and treatment of extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysms are discussed.
My Punishment Is Too Great to Bear: Raising Cain
Authors: Zucker David J.
Published: February 2020

This article considers how some selected ancient Jewish and Christian sources as well as some contemporary commentators have dealt with the background context for Cain’s enigmatic statement in Genesis 4:13b, “My punishment is too great to bear!” These responses are framed broadly as different ways to interpret the phrase “Raising Cain.” Raising Cain can mean raising/starting trouble, in this context essentially seeing Cain as a negative figure; or it could mean Raising Cain as in lifting up Cain, seeing him as someone flawed but not inherently malevolent. The vast preponderance of material takes the former viewpoint, castigating Cain as wicked and vindictive.
Understanding Work Teams From a Network Perspective: A Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: Park Semin , Grosser Travis J. , Roebuck Adam A. , Mathieu John E.
Published: February 2020

As social network theory and methodology advance, scholars in multiple fields have increasingly become interested in examining work teams using network perspectives. Social networks not only enabled work team researchers to theorize about interdependencies and the dynamic interplay of team components (i.e., individuals, dyads, and whole teams) but also provided a methodological tool kit with which to operationalize and test hypotheses about such interdependencies. To this end, the purpose of this article is to conduct an integrative review of organizational teams research that has adopted a social network perspective to highlight what is known and what remains to be addressed. We then outline an agenda for future research that introduces three promising areas to guide researchers to move the field forward. We conclude that a more thorough integration of the networks and teams literatures offer great promise for advancing both our science and practice.
Palliative care: not only for treating symptoms: a case report
Authors: Pallotti Maria Caterina , Ricci Marianna , Rossi Romina , Cecconetto Lorenzo , Barone Domenico , Maltoni Marco
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Palliative care (PC) aims to treat symptoms independently of the disease. In many medical disciplines, including oncology, there is an emphasis on personalizing treatment, identifying the most effective therapeutic option by studying the genetic heritage of the patient and the molecular characteristics of the disease. PC, on the other hand, encompasses the overall (physical and spiritual) well-being of the patient and his or her caregivers. The increasing use of early PC and its integration with oncology could represent a fruitful collaboration among specialists.

Case description:

We present the case of a 79-year-old woman with advanced breast cancer attending our institute who was referred to our PC Unit because of continuous ear pain, paresthesia around the mouth, strabismus, and facial dysesthesia. The patient was in good clinical condition (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1) and was undergoing chemotherapy at the time. For these reasons, the PC physician carefully assessed the pain characteristics and differential diagnosis and discussed them with the oncologist, radiologist, and neurologist. Joint consultation led to a specific study of Meckel cave by MRI, revealing an extrameningeal gasserian ganglion metastasis, a very rare localization of breast cancer.

Conclusion:

We present a case that underlines the importance of specialized PC assessment not limited to the control of symptoms. The search for the etiopathogenesis of a patient’s symptoms and the evaluation of overall clinical conditions may be necessary to plan appropriate diagnostic evaluations, target palliative therapies, and achieve effective symptom control.
Two-layer mass-adaptive hill start assist control method for commercial vehicles
Authors: Peng Pai , Wang Hongliang , Pi Dawei , Wang Erlie , Yin Guodong
Published: February 2020

This study aims to develop a two-layer mass-adaptive control framework to improve the hill start assist performance of commercial vehicles equipped with an electronic parking brake system. In the first layer, the desired pressure of the hill start assist control is proposed, then a logic threshold control method is employed to track the time-varying desired pressure. Due to the frequently changing load of the commercial vehicles, the second layer is utilized to estimate the vehicle mass online. The proposed mass-adaptive control method is evaluated via a co-simulation platform involving MATLAB/Simulink, TruckSim and AMESim, and is compared with a one-layer scheme without mass estimation. Finally, we further demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the two-layer mass-adaptive hill start assist framework in vehicle experiments.
Association Between Earnings Management and Corporate Governance Mechanisms: A Study Based on Select Firms in India
Authors: Chatterjee Rajashri , Rakshit Debdas
Published: February 2020

This article initially attempts to search for a robust model for the estimation of discretionary accruals (proxy for earnings management) of select manufacturing firms in India. The two models from extant literature considered to search for a better model are the modified Jones model put forth by Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995 , The Accounting Review, 70, 193–225) and the Kasznik (1999 , Journal of Accounting Research, 37, 57–81) model. Subsequently the study aims at appraising the linkage between various corporate governance mechanisms and earnings management using panel data regression and employing Fisher’s probability test. The study reveals strong negative association of earnings management with the percentage of independent directors on the board and with diligence of the board members. However, it fails to accept the conjecture that percentage of promoters on the board has a positive impact on earnings management. The assumption that audit committee size has a negative impact on earnings management could not be established too. Furthermore, the study fails to draw any concrete relationship between earnings management and other governance mechanisms considered, such as board size, frequency of board meetings, CEO duality, audit committee independence, frequency of audit committee meetings and auditing by Big-4 auditors.
Seminal Vesicle Adherent to Rectal Wall Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Potential False-Positive Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Liaquat Samia , Idowu Michael O. , Hatfield Bryce S.
Published: February 2020

The standard of care for stage T3 and stage T4 rectal adenocarcinomas involves neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by either low anterior resection or abdominopelvic resection. The presence of residual adenocarcinoma or positive surgical margins provides useful prognostic information and can influence ongoing adjuvant therapy. Although uncommon, mimics of treated adenocarcinoma may be present in the surgical specimen. A high index of suspicion is critical in avoiding potential false-positive pitfalls, and the exclusion of mimics of treated adenocarcinoma is paramount to accurate diagnosis and treatment. Seminal vesicle epithelium has long been a challenge in differentiating prostatic adenocarcinoma from benign epithelium. However, the role of incidental seminal vesiculectomy in rectal resections due to fibrous adhesion to the rectal wall secondary to chemoradiation has not been studied. As the seminal vesicle epithelium can show markedly atypical nuclei with radiation-type effect at baseline, the potential risk of misinterpretation as residual adenocarcinoma is high. In this article, we present 2 case reports of rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by transabdominal resection (low anterior resection or abdominopelvic resection) with incidental seminal vesiculectomies mimicking either residual adenocarcinoma or residual adenocarcinoma at a margin of resection.
Active stabilization of unmanned aerial vehicle imaging platform
Authors: Verma Mohit , Lafarga Vicente , Baron Mael , Collette Christophe
Published: February 2020

The advancement in technology has seen a rapid increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for various applications. These unmanned aerial vehicles are often equipped with the imaging platform like a camera. During the unmanned aerial vehicle flight, the camera is subjected to vibrations which hamper the quality of the captured images/videos. The high-frequency vibrations from the unmanned aerial vehicle are transmitted to the camera. Conventionally, passive rubber mounts are used to isolate the camera from the drone vibrations. The passive mounts are able to provide reduction in response near the resonance. However, this comes at the cost of amplification of response at the higher frequency. This article proposes an active vibration isolation system which exhibits improved performance at the higher frequencies than the conventional system. The active isolation system consists of a contact-less voice coil actuator supported by four springs. Experiments are carried out to study the effect of vibrations on the quality of images captured. The characterization of drone vibrations is also carried out by recording the acceleration during different flight modes. The performance of the proposed isolation system is experimentally validated on a real drone camera subjected to the recorded drone acceleration spectrum. The isolation system is found to perform better than the conventional rubber mounts and is able to reduce the vibrations to a factor of one-fourth. It can be effectively used to improve the image acquisition quality of the unmanned aerial vehicles.
Real-Time Associations Between Glucose Levels and Fatigue in Type 2 Diabetes: Sex and Time Effects
Authors: Fritschi Cynthia , Park Chang , Quinn Laurie , Collins Eileen G.
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Fatigue is a pervasive and serious complaint among aging adults with type 2 diabetes. Anecdotally, hyperglycemia was thought to cause fatigue, but prior cross-sectional analyses failed to find any relationship between glucose levels and fatigue. However, study methodology may have caused this relationship to be missed. Our aim was to use concurrent and continuous data across 5 days to examine real-time momentary relationships between glucose and fatigue levels by week, day, and time of day. Additionally, we explored how these relationships differed by sex.

Method:

Participants ( N = 54, 51% male, 54% non-White) wore continuous glucose monitors and wrist actigraphy into which they inputted fatigue ratings 6–8 times daily during waking hours across 5 days. Generalized estimation equation models were used to explore the relationship between glucose and fatigue when averaged by week, day, and time of day. Differences by sex were also explored.

Results:

HbA1c and baseline and real-time fatigue were higher in women than in men. Baseline HbA1c and self-reported general fatigue were unrelated. Fatigue levels averaged by day and time of day were higher in women than in men ( p < .05). Glucose and fatigue were significantly related at all levels of data (weekly, daily, and time of day) in women but not men.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that, when measured concurrently, glucose excursions may affect fatigue levels in women.
The contribution of policy design to realist evaluation
Authors: Fontaine Guillaume
Published: February 2020

The literature on policy design provides insightful resources to improve policy evaluation. We compare how this literature addresses causation, evaluation, instrumentation, and intervention, based on different methodologies. Then, we explain how the realist approach can contribute to theory-based evaluation with multi-methods. We go through the process leading from the adoption of policy aims to the production of a policy outcome by a causal mechanism linking agenda setting to policy formulation, cross-sectorial coordination, political interplays, and this policy’s outcome. This hypothesis is then tested against a typology of policy instruments classified by the State resources. These instruments are hereby treated as expected empirical observations that provide an empirical basis to assess the theoretical process following a Bayesian logic. We eventually present a five-step protocol aimed at making realist policy evaluation easier, which includes process theorization and operationalization, empirical tests design, case selection and justification, congruence analysis, and deep within-case study.
Adherence and acceptance of a home-based telemonitoring application used by multi-morbid patients aged 65 years and older
Authors: Lang Caroline , Voigt Karen , Neumann Robert , Bergmann Antje , Holthoff-Detto Vjera
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Currently, there are only a small number of comprehensive study results on adherence and acceptance of telemonitoring applications (TMAs) regarding multi-morbid older patients. The ATMoSPHAERE study aimed to develop an information and communication platform for an intersectoral networking of, for example, general practitioners, therapists, social services and the multi-morbid older patient.

Methods

The study presented was designed as a longitudinal bicentric intervention study which focused on multi-morbid patients aged ≥65 years using home-based telemedical measurement and input devices. The development and testing of this TMA aimed to optimise patients’ health care through intersectoral networking of all treating actors. Quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used.

Results

Patients who completed the study were significantly younger than drop-outs and non-participants. The mental health of study patients significantly improved between the beginning and end of TMA use. The main reason for non-participation in the study was the high time expenditure when participating in the study. No perceived (information) benefits for health and insufficient content variety were the main reasons for drop-out. Appropriateness and handling of TMAs must be aligned with the needs of the heterogeneous user group of multi-morbid patients in order to increase acceptance and the added value of TMAs. Telemonitoring hardware should be oriented on functional capabilities of the older target group. Telemonitoring software content requires an individual, disease-specific approach for patients. The TMA should be unobtrusively integrated into usual daily life and be used to an appropriate extent according to the underlying disease in order to avoid stressing patients. With regard to adherence concerning TMAs, it is crucial to provide a contact person who is always available for patients having problems handling TMAs. Health concerns and questions can thus be addressed early, providing a feeling of safety in the care process.

Discussion

User acceptance of TMAs is an essential indicator and driver for use and for future implementation efforts in health care. In order to achieve maximum user centricity in development processes, patients must be involved as experts, co-designers and future users, considering their needs and perceptions.
Moral compass: How a small-town newspaper used silence in a hyper-charged controversy
Authors: Hess Kristy , Waller Lisa
Published: February 2020

A recent controversy over plans to build a mosque in the provincial Australian city of Bendigo provides an interesting case to explore the news practices of one small-town newspaper faced with an issue that triggered an avalanche of hate speech, bigotry and extremist voices. Between 2014 and 2016, there was open conflict inside the city’s municipal chamber, violent street protests, hate campaigns and disinformation on social media. This research considers the role of the Bendigo Weekly in facilitating and shaping debate among local news audiences. Our research reveals that the newspaper deployed silence as a deliberate strategy for countering hatred and to tourniquet debate to the local level. The newspaper argued this was in the interests of serving as a ‘moral compass’. The importance of engaging a diversity of voices in deliberative democracy is widely celebrated in journalism studies. This essay, however, extends scholarship on silence as a form of agency for countering hate speech that is becoming an increasing feature of the digital era.
A mother’s love knows no bounds: Exploring ‘good mother’ expectations for mothers involved with children’s services due to their partner violence
Authors: Stewart Stacey
Published: February 2020

This article considers the ideology surrounding ‘good mother’ expectations for mothers from British, lower socio-economic classes who have involvement from children’s services due to their (ex) partners’ violent behaviour. What was expected from ‘good mothers’ historically and currently is considered, before specific attention is paid to the expectations set for mothers who are known to children’s services. The research aims were to understand what these mothers themselves consider a ‘good mother’ to be. Fifteen mothers from the UK who had had involvement with Children’s Services were interviewed; all participants defined themselves as working class and their ages ranged from 20 to 48. The majority of participants defined their ethnicity as white, with two participants choosing ‘mixed’. Data were reviewed thematically and five main themes arose. This article explores that, whilst some mothers feel able to re-work the expectations placed on them to make them fit with their daily lives, this was not true for the majority of the participants within this study.
Downward traffic retransmission mechanism for improving reliability in RPL environment supporting mobility
Authors: Min Soon-Woong , Chung Sang-Hwa , Lee Hee-Jun , Ha Yu-Vin
Published: February 2020

With the diversification of industrial Internet of Things applications, there is a growing demand for mobility support in industrial wireless networking environments. However, the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is designed based on a static environment and is vulnerable in a mobility environment. Routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is an Internet engineering task force standard in the low-power and lossy network environments used mainly in industrial environments. In addition, although routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is based on collection tree protocol and is suitable for data collection and upward traffic transmission, it struggles with downward traffic transmission in terms of control, actuation, and end-to-end transmission. In this article, the problems caused by mobile nodes in routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks are discussed, and a retransmission scheme named IM-RPL is proposed. This retransmission scheme can improve the performance of downward traffic for the mobile nodes by retransmitting the packets to the neighbor nodes, the mobile node’s new parent sets, and relaying them to the mobile node. Its performance is evaluated through an experiment. The results demonstrate that using OpenMote in OpenWSN’s time slotted channel hopping induces a packet reception ratio improvement and a lower transmission delay as compared to standard routing protocol for low power and lossy.
Development of medical imaging sensors
Authors: Feng Kai-di , Wang Zhenzhen , Yang Yan
Published: February 2020

This review describes sensor technologies for medical imaging. Medical imaging plays an extremely important role in medical imaging, and sensor technology affects the quality of imaging results. By analyzing the research progress of sensors used in various imaging technologies, the result that sensors applied to medical imaging will gradually achieve mutual coupling between various technologies was summed up, such as the coupling of flexible electrodes and dry electrodes, in ultrasound. Photoacoustic technology and thermoacoustic technology based on technology coupled with other technologies. In addition to the coupling between multiple technologies, sensor technology is also moving toward miniaturization, intelligence, and netting.
A rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on LSSVM
Authors: Gao Xuejin , Wei Hongfei , Li Tianyao , Yang Guanglu
Published: February 2020

The fault characteristic signals of rolling bearings are coupled with each other, thus increasing the difficulty in identifying the fault characteristics. In this study, a fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on least squares support vector machine is proposed. First, least squares support vector machine model is trained with the samples of known classes. Least squares support vector machine algorithm involves the selection of a kernel function. The complexity of samples in high-dimensional space can be adjusted through changing the parameters of kernel function, thus affecting the search for the optimal function as well as final classification results. Particle swarm optimization and 10-fold cross-validation method are adopted to optimize the parameters in the training model. Then, with the optimized parameters, the classification model is updated. Finally, with the feature vector of the test samples as the input of least squares support vector machine, the pattern recognition of the testing samples is performed to achieve the purpose of fault diagnosis. The actual bearing fault data are analyzed with the diagnosis method. This method allows the accurate classification results and fast diagnosis and can be applied in the diagnosis of compound faults of rolling bearing.
Breaking New Ground: Gestalt and Person Centred Approaches. A Therapeutic Relationship with People who have Profound Disabilities
Authors: Barber J.
Published: February 2020

This paper briefly examines some elements of Gestalt therapy within a person-centred approach to counselling. Specific elements of the Gestalt process are examined in the context of facilitating a therapeutic relationship with a person with profound learning and physical disabilities. These elements are ‘sensation’ and ‘awareness’.

In the context of ‘helping’ people with profound disabilities, sensation and awareness are elements of the Gestalt process, which can facilitate expression of emotion without speech. Other elements may require some verbalization. A personal interaction with a woman who has profound learning and physical disabilities is briefly described, in order to illustrate how the Gestalt approach can provide a vehicle for the experiencing, communication and liberation of ‘self’, without dependence upon verbal communication.
The Contacts that People with Learning Disabilities Have with Health and Social Services
Authors: McConkey R. , McAteer D.
Published: February 2020

This study summarizes all the documented service inputs that people with learning disabilities received from one community health and social services trust in Northern Ireland during a 12-month period.

Using data obtained from two computer-based recording systems used in Northern Ireland, the extent and type of service provision for this population is described. In all, 10 different health professionals were mainly involved with some inputs from a further six health workers, while social services offered a further eight service inputs. However, the services provided varied across different age groupings and levels of dependency.

Three key issues are discussed: the number of different professionals involved; the co-ordination of service inputs and the criteria used to determine which persons receive a service and those who do not. The difficulties involved in undertaking an audit of this type are outlined but the potential contribution to achieving more cost-beneficial services are noted.
Health and Social Care Workers’ Understanding of the Meaning and Management of Challenging Behaviour in Learning Disability Services
Authors: McKenzie K. , McIntyre S. , Matheson E. , Murray G. C.
Published: February 2020

The present study sought to investigate the relationship between professional background, length of experience, understanding of the term ‘challenging behaviour’ and opinions of factors important in managing challenging behaviour in people with learning disabilities. Health workers identified significantly more definition criteria than social care workers, yet no significant difference was found between their overall scores for management criteria. Rather, the emphasis of their knowledge of management principles appeared to be different. A significantly greater percentage of health workers identified management criteria relating to psychological principles, while a greater percentage of social care workers identified that of reactive responses. Health workers seemed more likely to identify challenging behaviour in terms of its impact on the service while social care workers appeared to concentrate on the type of behaviour evident. Finally, the longer the experience of the social care worker, the higher their overall scores for the definition and management criteria. However, no significant relationship was found between experience and overall scores amongst health workers. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Some Issues in Caring for People with the Dual Disability of Down's Syndrome and Alzheimer's Dementia
Authors: McCarron M.
Published: February 2020

Virtually all individuals with Down's syndrome over the age of 35 years have neuropathological changes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. It has become increasingly recognized that people with Down's syndrome and dementia have very special needs, and those who care for them require specialist knowledge and skills. This paper aims to explore some important issues in caring for persons with this dual disability. It commences with a brief outline on the prevalence of dementia in this population. Diagnostic issues and the clinical presentation of dementia in persons with Down's syndrome are reviewed. In an attempt to help staff respond to the opportunities and challenges they encounter, issues discussed include: promoting well-being, developing a shared vision on which to build practice, mealtimes – a therapeutic event, reality orientation and validation therapy, communication, activity and entertainment.
Sexuality and Personal Relationships for People with Learning Disabilities: A Framework for Assessment and Intervention
Authors: Collins G. J. , Cozens D.
Published: February 2020

Sexuality and personal relationships still present many challenges to those working to provide valued lifestyles for people with learning disabilities. However, the focus of much recent work has been on a risk management theme rather than promoting sexuality as a positive, valued experience. This paper presents a simple framework for understanding issues about relationships and sexuality and describes the development of an assessment package for identifying key areas in which to promote positive changes. The framework considers issues about relationships in three areas: skills, knowledge and opportunities. Practical examples are used to illustrate its utility.
Language and Meaning: Developing a Framework to Support Client Specific Professionals
Authors: McIntosh P.
Published: February 2020

Joint training and practice in the field of learning disability is a growing phenomenon. This paper offers a philosophical basis to a debate on the representation of the concept of interprofessionalism. It takes a broad view, looking at professional culture, user participation, professional and personhood values and locations of power in order to present a ‘genealogy’ in the complexity of service provision. Arguments are made to develop an empirical base in order to further understand joint practices and thought, particularly around the language and meaning of the concept of collaboration.
The Relationship between Training and the Experience of Aggression in the Workplace in Residential Care Staff Working in Learning Disability Services
Authors: Murray G. C. , McKenzie K. , Quigley A. , Sinclair B.
Published: February 2020

The present study used a questionnaire to examine the following in 50 social care staff: the experience of workplace aggression in staff supporting individuals with a learning disability, the extent to which staff had received training in the prevention and management of aggressive behaviour and the relationship between training and staff confidence in dealing with aggression. The majority of staff were found to have experienced assault in the course of their work. Despite this, less than half had received training in the prevention and management of aggression. Such training seemed to impact differently on males and females, with trained males feeling confident in managing aggression, and untrained males feeling anxious. In contrast, the majority of females reported feelings of anxiety regardless of previous training. Staff reported strategies for dealing with aggression which mainly involved withdrawal of themselves and others rather than physical interventions. However, there was a neglect of longer-term strategies for dealing with aggression. Implications for practice are discussed.
Learning from Local Perceptions for Strategic Road Development in Cambodia’s Protected Forests
Authors: Riggs Rebecca A. , Langston James D. , Sayer Jeffrey , Sloan Sean , Laurance William F.
Published: February 2020

Road development in tropical forest landscapes is contentious. Local preferences are often subordinated to global economic and environmental concerns. Opportunities to seek solutions based on local context are rare. We examined local perspectives on road development within Cambodia’s Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary to explore opportunities for optimizing conservation and development outcomes. We conducted household surveys to document the perceived benefits and risks of road development. We found that in the sanctuary, road rehabilitation may accelerate transitions to intensified agriculture and diversified, off-farm incomes. All households prefer good roads and poorer households prioritize road development over other village infrastructure. Households perceive the most prominent benefit of roads to be access to hospital. Local government authorities are responsible for controlling land use and conversion within village boundaries and are therefore highly influential in determining the social and environmental outcomes of roads. Strategies to mitigate environmental risks of roads without constraining development benefits must focus on improving local capacity for decision-making and transparency. Local institutions in tropical forest landscapes must have greater control over development benefits if they are to reinvest assets to achieve conservation success.
Moving Upstream From the Individual to the Community: Addressing Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Campbell Lisa A. , Anderko Laura
Published: February 2020

School nurses are often the primary health professional promoting children’s health—and address not just individuals, but communities. This article, featuring the key principle of community/public health, is the first in a series focusing on The Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice™ and presents a case study on asthma and air quality issues comparing the more traditional individual approaches to health (labeled downstream and midstream) with population-level approaches (labeled upstream). Through collaboration with key community stakeholders, school nurses can successfully implement policies and programs to address social determinants of health and, in turn, improve the health of the entire community. As we look to advance school nursing and support best practices, concentrating on population-level, upstream approaches align with recommendations outlined in the Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice™.
Rapid development of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure due to large vessel intravascular microcrystalline cellulosis in an intravenous drug user
Authors: Amass Tim , Cumplido Jeffrey , Aswad Basam , Whittenhall Mary , Ventetuolo Corey , Klinger James
Published: February 2020

Intravascular foreign body deposition in the form of talc or microcrystalline cellulose is an uncommon but increasing cause of pulmonary hypertension given the current opioid epidemic. Earlier cases describe the effect of talc introduced via intravenous injection of crushed pills when deposited throughout the lungs, typically in the capillaries or distal pulmonary arterioles. An angiogranulomatous reaction ensues with pulmonary vascular remodeling and the gradual development of pulmonary hypertension. Although the use of talc in the manufacture of tablets has largely been replaced with alternative inert binders including microcrystalline cellulose, a similar angiogranulomatous reaction and vascular remodeling can occur. We report a case of intravascular microcrystalline cellulosis that rapidly progressed to fatal pulmonary hypertension over months characterized by occlusion of more proximal pulmonary arterioles in an intravenous drug user.
Researching the Affects That Online Pornography Has on U.K. Adolescents Aged 11 to 16
Authors: Martellozzo Elena , Monaghan Andrew , Davidson Julia , Adler Joanna
Published: February 2020

This article considers data from a large empirical study of nearly 1,100 U.K. adolescents aged 11 to 16 (in a mixed methods three-stage sample) and provides an overview of their experiences of online adult pornography. The article investigates how seeing online pornography influenced those who watched it, and to what degree, if any, the attitudes of those adolescents altered with repeat viewings. It concludes with an overview of the social policy challenges, both domestic and international, posed by the findings.
A predictive modeling approach to estimating seismic retrofit costs
Authors: Fung Juan F , Sattar Siamak , Butry David T , McCabe Steven L
Published: February 2020

This article presents a methodology for estimating seismic retrofit costs from historical data. In particular, historical retrofit-cost data from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 156 is used to build a generalized linear model (GLM) to predict retrofit costs as a function of building characteristics. While not as accurate as an engineering professional’s estimate, this methodology is easy to apply to generate quick estimates and is especially useful for decision makers with large building portfolios. Moreover, the predictive modeling approach provides a measure of uncertainty in terms of prediction error. The article uses prediction error to compare different modeling choices, including the choice of distribution for costs. Finally, the proposed retrofit-cost model is implemented to estimate the cost to retrofit a portfolio of federal buildings. The application illustrates how the choice of distribution affects cost estimates.