bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with absent or abnormal fetal gallbladder in a tertiary center
Authors: Karataş Esra , Tanaçan Atakan , Özkavak Osman Onur , Şerbetçi Hakkı , Haksever Murat , Atalay Ayşegül , Kara Özgür , Şahin Dilek
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the ultrasonographic characteristics and outcomes of fetuses with atypical and non‐visualized fetal gallbladder in our tertiary care hospital.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on cases in which the fetal gallbladder was not visualized or exhibited atypical characteristics at our institution over a four‐year period. The patients were divided into two groups: absent gallbladder and atypical gallbladder. The groups with isolated and additional anomalies were analyzed according to their ante‐ and postnatal characteristics.

Results

The study comprised 78 patients (37 absent, 41 atypical gallbladder). In the isolated fetal absence of gallbladder group, the gallbladder was visualized in three of 13 patients during antenatal ultrasonographic follow‐up and in half of the remaining 10 patients during postnatal follow‐up. In the postnatal period, five newborns with absent isolated gallbladder are being followed up with suspicion of biliary atresia and isolated gallbladder agenesis. In the absence of a gallbladder with an additional anomaly group, 58% of fetuses died during the intrauterine and neonatal period. Fetuses in the isolated atypical gallbladder group are being followed as healthy after birth. Pregnancies with atypical gallbladder appearance and additional anomalies resulted in 33% neonatal death, 12% intrauterine demise, and 25% termination of pregnancy.

Conclusion

In instances where the fetal gallbladder is not consistently discernible, it is imperative to exercise caution with regard to the possibility of biliary atresia. In the event that the fetal gallbladder exhibits unusual characteristics, a meticulous examination for the presence of additional anomalies is recommended.
Prenatal diagnosis of right atrial hemangioma: A case report
Authors: Yao Mengxia , Wang Yin , Liu Yanying
Published: October 2024

Synopsis

Fetal cardiac hemangiomas can be identified promptly with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, and early termination of pregnancy for tumor removal is recommended to avoiding poor outcomes.
Transvaginal sonographic screening of abnormal intra‐amniotic structure around internal cervical os at 18–21+6 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Kawahara Tomomi , Eguchi Takeshi , Takayoshi Riko , Miyagi Yasunari , Miyake Takahito
Published: October 2024

Objective

To detect an abnormal intra‐amniotic structure around the internal cervical os using transvaginal sonography at 18–21+6 weeks of gestation.

Methods

In this cohort study, during a 12‐month period from July 2022 to June 2023, 395 transvaginal scans were performed for second‐trimester cervical‐length screening in singleton pregnancies at 18–21+6 weeks of gestation. Nine abnormal intra‐amniotic structures (AIAS), 87 low‐lying placentas (LLP, second‐trimester placenta previa or placental margin within 2 cm from internal cervical os), and 299 controls (not LLP and no abnormal finding around internal cervical os) were diagnosed. Sonographic features of AIAS and delivery outcomes in the three groups were compared.

Results

Sonographic features of nine AIAS cases were: two single bands, one single broad band, one multiple bands, one single tubular, and one multiple tubulars. Blood flow was noted in seven cases. Seven AIAS had disappeared by 26 weeks, one was resolved at 34 weeks, and one (vasa previa and parachute placenta) remained until delivery. Incidences of emergency cesarean section, abnormal placenta and umbilical cord, and abnormal deliveries in AIAS were significantly higher than those in LLP and control groups (P = 0.031). Blood losses during delivery in AIAS and LLP groups were significantly greater than in the control group (P = 0.004), but there was no significant difference in blood loss between AIAS and LLP groups.

Conclusion

The incidence of AIAS around the internal cervical os in the second trimester was 2.28% (9/395 fetuses). Mid‐second‐trimester transvaginal sonographic screening for the detection of AIAS around the internal cervical os including vasa previa may be essential to reduce perinatal morbidity.
Greywater irrigation of pepper plants: Possible application and its impact on soil and plant growth
Authors: Shqerat Neveen , Al‐Tabbal Jalal
Published: October 2024

Greywater reuse may be considered a water source that can compensate for water scarcity. Reusing treated greywater on fields instead of disposing of it would be more environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological response of pepper plants to the application of both untreated and treated greywater. The greywater obtained from Al‐Huson University College was treated with zeolite filters before being used for plant irrigation in the experiments. The electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDSs) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of greywater were all higher than those of tap water by 44%, 68% and 509%, respectively. The results demonstrated that plants irrigated with tap water and treated with greywater presented greater fruit and biological productivity than did those irrigated with untreated greywater. The use of treated greywater led to a notable 8.3% increase in overall chlorophyll levels. Irrigation of pepper plants with untreated greywater led to a 33% increase in electrolyte leakage. The plants irrigated with greywater presented the highest levels of proline and total soluble sugars. Compared with those in all the other water treatments, the plants irrigated with greywater presented significantly greater magnesium and salt concentrations. Typically, treated greywater has the most significant impact on agricultural productivity.
Effects of urea fertilizer and nettle extract on the biochemical and morphological characteristics of ornamental peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.) under deficit irrigation conditions
Authors: Gokkus M. Keten
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nettle extract, urea fertilizer and deficit irrigation on the biochemical and morphological characteristics of ornamental peppers. The study consisted of two irrigation (I) treatments (100% irrigation (I100) and 50% irrigation (I50)) and four fertilizer treatment groups (urea fertilizer: U; nettle extract applied through soil: SN; foliar nettle extract application: LS). The highest fruit weight was obtained in the U treatment, whereas the highest plant height and plant diameter were obtained in the LS and SN treatments. The fruit weight in SN was 18% lower than that in U. Capsaicin concentrations were highest in the LS treatment (1132.8 mg kg−1) and lowest in the U treatment (286.4 mg kg−1). The ascorbic acid concentration was highest in the I treatment (84.9 mg 100 g−1) and lowest in the LS treatment (49.9 mg 100 g−1). The total phenolic compound (TPC) content was highest in the U treatment (399.7 mg GAE 100 g−1, GAE: gallic acid equivalents; the total phenolic content was expressed as gallic acid equivalents in mg·100 g−1 wet weight) and lowest in the LS treatment (304.97 mg GAE 100 g−1). As a result, nettle extract alone is insufficient to achieve high yields, but when it is applied together with urea fertilizer, it increases yield.
Photobiomodulation Enhances the Effect of Strength Training on Insulin Resistance Regardless of Exercise Volume in Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Costa Juliana Sales Rodrigues , Silva Gabriela , Guimarães Isabela Carvalho , Silva Luis Filipe Rocha , Silva Saulo Soares da , Almeida João Paulo de Paula , Coimbra Cândido Celso , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Gripp Fernando , Dias‐Peixoto Marco Fabrício , Esteves Elizabethe Adriana , Amorim Fabiano Trigueiro , Ferraresi Cleber , de Castro Magalhaes Flavio
Published: October 2024

The aim was to investigate the effects of different volumes of strength training (ST) in association with photobiomodulation (PBMt) in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) on insulin resistance (IR). Male Swiss albino mice were fed HFD and performed high‐ or low‐volume (one‐third) ST (3 days/week), associated with PBMt (660 nm + 850 nm; ~42 J delivered) or not (lights off). ST improved IR, lowered visceral adiposity and circulating cytokines, and increased skeletal muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial activity. The smaller volume of ST did not interfere with the improvement in IR, mitochondrial activity, or inflammatory profile, but exerted a smaller effect on visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Association with PBMt further improved IR, regardless of ST volume, although it did not affect adiposity, mitochondrial activity, and the inflammatory profile. Interestingly, PBMt positively affected quadriceps, but attenuated gluteus maximus hypertrophy. The association with PBMt induced greater improvement than ST alone.
Photobiomodulation on Full‐Thickness Skin Graft Survival in Rats
Authors: Espósito Lara Maria Bataglia , Oliveira Maria Carolina Derencio , de Moraes Luis Henrique Oliveira , Sabadini Camila Pereira , de Godoy Krissia Franco , Oliveira Rafael Afonso Derencio , de Oliveira Duarte Ana Cláudia Garcia , de Freitas Anibal Fernanda , Rodrigues Gerson Jhonatan , Brassolatti Patricia , Liebano Richard Eloin
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the photobiomodulation effects on the receptor area for full‐thickness skin graft integration.

Methods

Thirty‐Six Wistar rats were divided: red laser (660 nm), infrared laser (808 nm), and control. A skin segment with 5 × 3 cm was removed. In the control, the skin was reallocated after a 180° rotation. For the 660 nm and 808 nm, the receptor area was first irradiated, and then the skin was reallocated the same as the control. Euthanasia occurred on the third and seventh days after the procedure, and macroscopical of necrosis and histological analysis were realized.

Results

The 660 nm reached the lowest necrosis percentage on Day 7. In the 808 nm, necrosis increased between the two periods. Similar morphological findings were observed for the control and 660 nm; however, the 808 nm showed significant alterations in fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrate.

Conclusion

The infrared wavelength showed inferior performance on skin graft integration compared to the control and the red wavelength.
Quantitative Evaluation of Human Lens and Lens Capsule Elasticity by Optical Coherence Elastography Based on a Rayleigh Wave Model
Authors: Shi Gang , Zhang Yubao , Wang Yidi , Ai Sizhu , Zhang Chaozhong , He Xingdao , Zheng Xinhe
Published: October 2024

Evaluating the biomechanical properties of the lens and lens capsule is important for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of age‐related cataracts and presbyopia. In this study, we developed an optical coherent elastography technique to assess the elasticity of the lens and lens capsule in the human eye. With age, the mean Young's modulus of the lens increased from 12.28 ± 0.87 kPa to 18.59 ± 1.45 kPa, and the lens capsule increased from 6.33 ± 0.36 kPa to 13.33 ± 0.74 kPa. The results showed that the Young's modulus of the lens capsule and lens increased with age, with the Young's modulus of the lens significantly higher than that of the lens capsule. This study reports the assessment of the elasticity of the human lens and lens capsule by the OCE technique, indicating that it may provide a potential clinical tool for advancing research on diseases affecting the lens.
HO‐1: An emerging target in fibrosis
Authors: Lu Chenxi , Liu Yuan , Ren Feifei , Zhang Haoran , Hou Yafang , Zhang Hong , Chen Zhiyong , Du Xia
Published: October 2024

Fibrosis, an aberrant reparative response to tissue injury, involves a disruption in the equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix, leading to its excessive accumulation within normal tissues, and culminating in organ dysfunction. Manifesting in the terminal stages of nearly all chronic ailments, fibrosis carries a high mortality rate and poses a significant threat to human health. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) emerges as an endogenous protective agent, mitigating tissue damage through its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Numerous studies have corroborated HO‐1's potential as a therapeutic target in anti‐fibrosis treatment. This review delves into the structural and functional attributes, and the upstream and downstream pathways of HO‐1. Additionally, the regulatory networks and mechanisms of HO‐1 in cells associated with fibrosis are elucidated. The role of HO‐1 in various fibrosis‐related diseases is also explored. Collectively, this comprehensive information serves as a foundation for future research and augments the viability of HO‐1 as a therapeutic target for fibrosis.
LAMP‐based electrochemical platform for monitoring HPV genome integration at the mRNA level associated with higher risk of cervical cancer progression
Authors: Izadi Nasim , Strmiskova Johana , Anton Milan , Hausnerova Jitka , Bartosik Martin
Published: October 2024

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represent a diverse group of double‐stranded DNA viruses associated with various types of cancers, notably cervical cancer. High‐risk types of HPVs exhibit their oncogenic potential through the integration of their DNA into the host genome. This integration event contributes significantly to genomic instability and the progression of malignancy. However, traditional detection methods, such as immunohistochemistry or PCR‐based assays, face inherent challenges, and thus alternative tools are being developed to fasten and simplify the analysis. Our study introduces an innovative biosensing platform that combines loop‐mediated amplification with electrochemical (EC) analysis for the specific detection of HPV16 integration. By targeting key elements like the E7 mRNA, a central player in HPV integration, and the E2 viral gene transcript lost upon integration, we show clear distinction between episomal and integrated forms of HPV16. Our EC data confirmed higher E7 expression in HPV16‐positive cell lines having integrated forms of viral genome, while E2 expression was diminished in cells with fully integrated genomes. Moreover, we revealed distinct expression patterns in cervical tissue of patients, correlating well with digital droplet PCR, qRT‐PCR, or immunohistochemical staining. Our platform thus offers insights into HPV integration in clinical samples and facilitates further advancements in cervical cancer research and diagnostics.
Unusual G3P[10] bat‐like rotavirus strains detected in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand
Authors: Jampanil Nutthawadee , Kumthip Kattareeya , Yodmeeklin Arpaporn , Tacharoenmuang Ratana , Akari Yuki , Komoto Satoshi , Okitsu Shoko , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat , Khamrin Pattara
Published: October 2024

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis among children under the age of five globally. The unusual bat‐like human RVA strains G3P[10] (RVA/Human‐wt/THA/CMH079/05/2005/G3P[10] and RVA/Human‐wt/THA/CMH‐S015‐19/2019/G3P[10]) were detected in children with acute gastroenteritis in 2005 and 2019, respectively, in the same geographical area of Northern Thailand. To elucidate the genetic backgrounds of these unusual or bat‐like human RVA strains, the complete genome of these RVA strains was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. All eleven genome segments of these G3P[10] strains were genotyped as G3‐P[10]‐I8‐R3‐C3‐M3‐A9‐N3‐T3‐E3‐H6, which is closely related to bat G3P[10] RVA strain (RVA/Bat‐tc/CHN/MYAS33/2013/G3P[10]) and bat‐like human RVA strain (RVA/Human‐wt/THA/MS2015‐1‐0001/2015/G3P[10]). The findings indicate that human G3P[10] RVA strains detected in this study (RVA/Human‐wt/THA/CMH079/05/2005/G3P[10] and RVA/Human‐wt/THA/CMH‐S015‐19/2019/G3P[10]) contained all eleven genome segments similar to those of bat RVA strains and appeared to be human RVA strains of bat origin. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that several genome segments of these two RVA strains were also closely related with those of other species in addition to bats and had a zoonotic transmission history. The results of this study supported the roles of interspecies transmission of RVA strains among bats and humans in the natural environment and provided convincing evidence that the evolution of human RVAs was closely interrelated with those of animal RVAs. Continuing surveillance of RVAs in humans and animals is imperative to gain a better understanding of the origin and the evolution of these viruses.
Is malting an absolute must? Native triticale as a stand‐in for barley malt in the brewing process
Authors: Pribić Milana , Mejić Luka , Despotović Saša , Špirović‐Trifunović Bojana , Bulut Sandra , Pejin Jelena
Published: October 2024

Background

To remain competitive, brewers must innovate by incorporating novel elements beyond traditional styles. Thus, exploring triticale as a modern substitute for barley malt is promising, especially given its higher amylolytic activity compared to barley. This study aimed to assess the impact of substituting up to 50% of barley malt with unmalted triticale on green beer quality, encompassing multiple stages from wort production to primary fermentation at a laboratory scale.

Results

Triticale‐based worts (ratios 10–50%) had lower extract content than 100% barley malt. However, incorporating 10% of triticale led to only a 1% decrease in extract content compared to the all‐malt wort. Shearzyme® 500L, an endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase with β‐glucanase side activity, effectively addressed wort viscosity by breaking down arabinoxylans and β‐glucans in triticale cell walls. All triticale‐based beers exhibited lower ethanol content compared to reference beer, as is typical when using adjuncts. In green beer, a 50% triticale ratio lowered ethanol content by 16% (without enzyme) and 19% (with enzyme) compared to 100% malt beer. However, green beer with 10% triticale had satisfactory levels of total polyphenol and vicinal diketone content, among other parameters.

Conclusion

Commercial enzyme application significantly enhanced proteolytic activity within the grain. Fermentations of enzyme‐treated worts showed higher amino acid levels, further confirming the increased proteolytic activity facilitated by the chosen enzyme. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the brewing process using native triticale. Building on this foundation, future studies will focus on optimizing mashing conditions to enhance the fermentation profile of the wort. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterization and monitoring of changes during lactation in the profile of multiple bioactive compounds of milk from grazing mares
Authors: Blanco‐Doval Ana , Barron Luis Javier R , Bustamante María Ángeles , Aldai Noelia
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Mare milk has often been considered a food product with potential functional properties. However, the bioactive compound composition of mare milk, including vitamins and other minor bioactive compounds, as well as factors affecting this composition have scarcely been studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the changes during lactation in the content of water‐ and fat‐soluble vitamins and total polyphenols, and the total antioxidant capacity of mare milk from semi‐extensive farms. A total of 310 individual milk samples from 18 mares belonging to three commercial farms and 12 lactation times were analyzed. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nicotinic acid and niacinamide (vitamins B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxal and pyridoxine (vitamins B6), folic acid (vitamin B9), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) and retinol and retinyl esters (vitamin A) were quantified using liquid chromatography. Total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity assays were analyzed using spectrophotometry.

RESULTS

The concentration of most bioactive compounds tended to decline as lactation progressed, with the exception of polyphenols and the total antioxidant capacity that oscillated during lactation. On the other hand, the effect of the different semi‐extensive management of the farms was only significant for vitamin B3 content.

CONCLUSION

To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the most in‐depth description of the vitamin profile of mare milk as well as new insights into polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of mare milk. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
National Trends in Laryngeal Laser Surgery: Comparison of Operative Versus Office‐Based Procedures
Authors: Scher Maxwell , Shave Samantha M. , Tracy Jeremiah C. , Tracy Lauren F.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To analyze national trends in the prevalence of office‐based laryngeal ablative procedures and compare those with traditional operative excisional procedures utilizing direct laryngoscopy.

Methodology

For years 2013–2022, the US Medicare Part B claims database was searched for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 31572 (flexible laryngoscopy with laser ablation of lesion), 31540 (operative direct laryngoscopy with excision of lesion), 31541 (operative direct microlaryngoscopy with excision of lesion), and 31545 (operative direct microlaryngoscopy with excision of lesion and local tissue flap reconstruction). For each CPT code, the total number of charges billed to the Medicare database in each calendar year was recorded and annual trends were analyzed. Biopsy procedures were not included.

Results

The annual number of office‐based laser procedures (CPT 31572) remained relatively constant since the CPT code was introduced in 2017 (range: 18887–25241 procedures annually, trendline slope = +16, R2:0.02). Office‐based laser procedures comprised a small portion of total laryngeal excisional procedures (range: 8.4%–12.1%). The total number of operative laryngeal excisions, billed by CPT 31540 and 31541, declined over the studied time frame (Trendline slope = −132, R2:0.93; Trendline slope = −950, R2: 0.93 respectively).

Conclusions

Office‐based laser procedures comprise a small fraction of procedures to remove laryngeal lesions. The number of office‐based laser procedures has been relatively stable over the last 5 years. This finding contrasts with the prevailing health care trend toward office‐based procedures. Further research is needed to understand the decrease in operative laryngeal lesion excision procedures observed over the last 10 years.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 135:823–828, 2025
Enrichment of Phytopathogen Dominated by Volutella in the Rhizosphere May Be an Important Cause of Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Sweet Potatoes
Authors: Zhang Long , Liu Lanfu , Sun Dongliang , Han Meikun , Hu Yaya , Shi Liang , Wang Jie , Xu Xihui , Ma Zhimin , Chen Yahua , Sheng Xiafang
Published: October 2024

Obstacles related to the continuous cropping of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) restrict its intensive production. However, the effects of continuous cropping on soil properties and/or the rhizosphere microbial community are largely unclear. In this study, we analyzed changes in rhizosphere soil chemical properties and microbial communities of sweet potatoes across different cultivation years. We observed that the microbial diversity and complexity of the fungal ecological network in rhizosphere soils of sweet potatoes were decreased after 5 years of continuous cropping, with significant enrichment in Sphingobium, Gemmatimonas, Volutella, and Neoidriella. Tuber yield, soil pH, and available potassium (AK) content were significantly reduced after continuous cropping, with the soil microbial community having the highest correlation with pH, AK, and ammonium nitrogen (NH4
+‐N). Specifically, soil pH and AK were positively correlated with Bacillus and Gaiella, and negatively correlated with some plant‐pathogenic fungi (Volutella and Neoidriella), while NH4
+‐N showed the opposite trend. In addition, soil pH, AK, and the relative abundance of Bacillus were positively correlated with tuber yield, while Volutella showed the opposite trend. In summary, the continuous cropping of sweet potatoes negatively affects rhizosphere soil health, resulting in imbalanced soil fertility and an increased abundance of pathogens. These results improve our understanding of factors driving obstacles faced with the continuous cropping of sweet potatoes, enabling future studies and the development of technologies to overcome these obstacles.
Enhancing peer review efficiency: A mixed‐methods analysis of artificial intelligence‐assisted reviewer selection across academic disciplines
Authors: Farber Shai
Published: October 2024

This mixed‐methods study evaluates the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted reviewer selection in academic publishing across diverse disciplines. Twenty journal editors assessed AI‐generated reviewer recommendations for a manuscript. The AI system achieved a 42% overlap with editors' selections and demonstrated a significant improvement in time efficiency, reducing selection time by 73%. Editors found that 37% of AI‐suggested reviewers who were not part of their initial selection were indeed suitable. The system's performance varied across disciplines, with higher accuracy in STEM fields (Cohen's d = 0.68). Qualitative feedback revealed an appreciation for the AI's ability to identify lesser‐known experts but concerns about its grasp of interdisciplinary work. Ethical considerations, including potential algorithmic bias and privacy issues, were highlighted. The study concludes that while AI shows promise in enhancing reviewer selection efficiency and broadening the reviewer pool, it requires human oversight to address limitations in understanding nuanced disciplinary contexts. Future research should focus on larger‐scale longitudinal studies and developing ethical frameworks for AI integration in peer‐review processes.
A Planar Darkfield Illuminator for Wide‐Field High‐Contrast Imaging of Specimens in Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Fan Zetao , Yang Xiao , You Xinxiang , Yang Ke , Zhu Ling , Zhang Douguo
Published: October 2024

Darkfield microscopy is an effective technique and well suited for use involving live and unstained biological samples, where a bulky condenser should be precisely aligned in the optical path to produce a cone of illumination light. Here, a compact darkfield illuminator is invented that has a planar shape and can work at broadband wavelengths. It can be easily incorporated into a conventional microscope as a substrate to produce hollow cones of light for large‐area darkfield illumination, resulting in a high‐contrast high‐sensitivity widefield microscopy images. Taking advantages of its planar and compact structure, this darkfield illuminator is successfully integrated with a microfluidic chip; thus, the actions and reactions of biological and chemical specimens flowing inside micrometer‐sized channels, can be real‐time imaged with high contrast and sensitivity in a large field‐of‐view (FoV). For the first time, the work integrates a compact darkfield illuminator with microfluidic chips, which produces a new platform for applications in biology, chemistry, and biomedical engineering.
Switchable Optical Trapping of Mie‐Resonant Phase‐Change Nanoparticles
Authors: Mao Libang , Toftul Ivan , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Taha Mohammad , Kivshar Yuri , Kruk Sergey
Published: October 2024

Optical tweezers revolutionized the manipulation of nanoscale objects. Typically, tunable manipulations of optical tweezers rely on adjusting either the trapping laser beams or the optical environment surrounding the nanoparticles. Here, tunable and switchable trapping using nanoparticles made of a phase‐change material (vanadium dioxide or VO2) are achieved. By varying the intensity of the trapping beam, transitions of the VO2 between monoclinic and rutile phases are induced. Depending on the nanoparticles' sizes, they exhibit one of three behaviors: small nanoparticles (in the settings, radius wavelength ) remain always attracted by the laser beam in both material phases, large nanoparticles () remain always repelled. However, within the size range of , the phase transition of the VO2 switches optical forces between attractive and repulsive, thereby pulling/pushing them toward/away from the beam center. The effect is reversible, allowing the same particle to be attracted and repelled repeatedly. The phenomenon is governed by optical Mie modes of the nanoparticles and their alterations during the phase transition of the VO2. This work provides an alternative solution for dynamic optical tweezers and paves a way to new possibilities, including optical sorting, light‐driven optomechanics and single‐molecule biophysics.
High‐Entropy Perovskite Oxides Integrating Sunlight‐Driven Photochromic and Upconversion Manipulation for Power‐Independent Intrusion Detection Monitoring
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Tingbo , Fan Jiawen , Wei Tong , Ning Cai , Han Yingdong , Wu Liwei , Cui Jiao
Published: October 2024

The security monitoring of valuables is a crucial concern to ensure the stable development of human social business activities, scientific research, production, and daily life. The implementation of security precautions has traditionally involved the mere placement of items in safes. However, the formidable task of ascertaining whether valuables have been compromised during storage remains a significant challenge. Photochromic materials are important intelligent substances that can be employed as a potential candidates for security monitoring. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on achieving prominent photochromism by utilizing specific light sources such as ultraviolet, laser, and X‐ray radiation. In light of these existing challenges, a design strategy engaging high entropy is proposed to improve the photochromic performance. By selecting a diverse range of volatile metal elements, the A‐site high entropy is realized within the ABO3 perovskite structure, enabling the construction of various defects. This results in the successful realization of the material's sensitive response to sunlight, thereby validating the feasibility of the photochromism boosted by a high entropy strategy. The developed photochromic materials for intrusion indication demonstrate the capability to operate autonomously, making it a crucial component in high‐level security monitoring systems and presenting a novel approach toward enhancing security protection in traditional domains.
Robust Carbon‐Dot Optical Disks for Orthogonal Amplitude‐Polarization Encryption Storage
Authors: Miao Jingying , Fu Shencheng , Zhang Shuo , Qi Xiuping , Liu Hongfang , Shan Guiye , Zhang Xintong , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: October 2024

High‐capacity steganography is crucial for the secure exchange of massive information. Exploring orthogonally optical recording can significantly improve encryption levels. However, due to the lack of robust media, the hidden data are easy to be cracked or destructed. Herein, carbon dots have the switchable memory function between optical transmittance and polarization state after receiving excitation power adjustment is discovered. A large‐area carbon‐based disk is further constructed which is measured to resist the high‐temperature damage at 423 K for more than 405 h and is estimated to remain stable at room‐temperature (301 K) beyond 2341 years. With the alternated arrangement of the dual functional carbon dots at one region of the disk, only by using an amplitude‐type holographic diffraction key can the polarized pattern be correctly read out. The ultra‐high secure encryption strategy also puts a bright way to the applications of 3D image hiding, permanent data preservation, and anti‐counterfeiting labels.
Optimizing Electron‐Beam Photothermal Pyrolysis Parameters for Enhanced Molecular Biodegradability of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastics
Authors: Porandla Rishika
Published: October 2024

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a synthetic plastic notable for harmful emissions during deterioration, has potential to be molecularly adjusted by photo‐oxidative ultraviolet degradation. This research investigates the influence of electron beam irradiation and near‐infrared photothermal treatment utilizing gold nanoparticles to establish the optimized molecular weight and beam time exposure for biodegradable PVC properties while maintaining a minimum tensile strength as measured through the ratio of peak tension force by cross sectional area. PVC powder samples with number‐average molecular weights ranging from 20.0 to 90.0 kDa and varying exposure times of a 100 kGy electron beam from 80 to 115 ms are employed for the study. Outcomes from PVC irradiation reveal the optimal parameters for inducing biodegradability in samples: an e‐beam exposure duration of 95 ms applied to PVC powder with a sample molecular weight of 20.0 kDa. Analysis of the ratio of number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight demonstrates that shorter irradiation durations result in lower molecular weights and molecular weight is directly proportional to Tg and crystallinity. Future work aims to scale up the procedure to industrial applications and investigate the treatment's applicability to a variety of thermoplastics.
Exploration of the Photoluminescence Behavior and Emission Mechanism of Thioester Polyacrylamide Tablets During the Gradual Increase of Molecular Weight
Authors: Zhou Qing , Wang Jun , Zhang Yuanchao , Yang Lei
Published: October 2024

To enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of unconventional luminescent compounds, particularly their persistent room temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) performance, compressing the powder into tablets has been demonstrated as a viable approach. Nevertheless, the alterations in the emission capability of PL in compacted tablets have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, four polyacrylamide (PAM) with controllable molecular weight (MW) are fabricated from powder to tablets, and their PL emission properties are thoroughly examined and compared with corresponding powders to elucidate the emission mechanism. As MW increases, both PL and p‐RTP emissions of the tablets gradually intensify, exhibiting significant enhancement compared to the corresponding powder while retaining the characteristic blue shift. Through small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), construction of molecular models for tablets, detailed analysis of molecular interactions, and theoretical calculations are conducted to reasonably explain these emission phenomena using clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) and average packing density promoted emission (PDE) mechanisms. These findings not only advance the understanding of nonconventional luminogens' emission mechanisms but also offer new insights for preparing nonconventional luminescent polymers with controllable p‐RTP emission performance.
Enhancing Submarine Propulsion: Hydrogen SI Engine With EGR for NOx Reduction Monitored by AI
Authors: Soni Abhishek , Dawar Lakshit , Verma Garima , Bhatia Aarushi , Pahwa Ritu
Published: October 2024

This research paper underscores the critical importance of advancing submarine technology by proposing a fully hydrogen‐powered submarine integrated with an air‐independent propulsion (AIP) system and artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven safety measures. Such an innovative approach not only addresses the limitations of traditional diesel‐electric submarines but also promises to revolutionize naval operations. The adoption of hydrogen as the primary power source significantly extends the submarine's operational range, reducing its dependence on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact. The incorporation of AIP technology enables sustained underwater endurance, reducing vulnerability and enhancing mission effectiveness. Concurrently, AI‐driven safety measures provide robust leak detection and safe hydrogen handling, ensuring the well‐being of the crew while optimizing operational efficiency. This integrated solution represents a transformative step toward achieving a more sustainable, capable, and stealthy submarine fleet for modern warfare scenarios.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Insights into Hydrogen Bonding‐Mediated Conformational Changes Topoisomerase‐IB
Authors: Dhar Murali , Tiwari Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Topoisomerase‐IB changes the topological state of DNA during central dogma by the formation of intermediate bond in between active amino acid and DNA strand. How the hydrogen bonding provides hooks restriction during the topological change and gives the conformational change. This study employs a 200 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze the conformational changes of Topo‐IB resulting from artificially created intermediate bonds. Specifically, the study focuses on hydrogen bonding interactions between Tyrosine at position Y509 in the protein and Thymine at DT561 in the DNA. The investigation reveals that these artificial intermediate bonds act as temporary hooks, stabilizing the complex's structure, and driving significant conformational changes. The analysis of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) values underscores the dynamic nature of the complex, with artificial intermediate bonds playing a pivotal role.
First Principle Studies of Electronic Properties, Global Reactivity Descriptors, and Molecular Docking of Olivacine Drug
Authors: Mishra Abhinav , Sharma Dipendra , Tiwari Sugriva Nath
Published: October 2024

Olivacine, a semisynthetic isomer of ellipticine, belongs to the family of natural alkaloids; which possess analgesic, antibacterial, and antipyretic properties. It is a model anticancer drug acting as topoisomerase II inhibitor. The mechanism of action and antineoplastic properties of olivacine are ascribed to its intercalative binding into DNA helices. The present paper reports DFT investigation of the molecular structure, electronic properties, and global reactivity descriptors of the drug. Frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) and MEP surface of the olivacine molecule have been examined. Furthermore, inhibition activity and binding sites of olivacine with kinase protein (PDB Id: 3OG7) have been explored by molecular docking technique. Results have been used to elucidate physico‐chemical aspects and preferred binding patterns of the olivacine drug.
Role of Acoustic and Volumetric Properties in View to Estimate the Intermolecular Interactions in the Solutions of Electrolytes and l‐Isoleucine
Authors: Pathan Neha S. , Manik Urvashi P. , Mishra Paritosh L. , Pandey Krishna Kumar , Pandey S. P.
Published: October 2024

l‐Isoleucine is subjected to density and sound velocity measurements in aqueous solutions of potassium (KCl) and sodium chlorides (NaCl) as well as water, from 288.15 to 298.15 K. Through the use of these experimental data, a variety of volumetric and acoustical parameters are calculated, including values for molar volume (Vm), available volume (Va), adiabatic compressibility (β), nonlinear parameters (B/A), Wada constant (W), Rao's constant (R), and van der Wall's constant (a). The findings shed light on many electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions within the binary system involving electrolytes, water, and amino acids. The interactions between the electrolytes and l‐isoleucine are thoroughly examined under varying electrolyte concentrations and temperatures, revealing many interactions. Positive transfer quantities demonstrate the ion‐hydrophilic and solute–solvent interaction in the aqueous medium, particularly between l‐isoleucine and NaCl and KCl. The influence of electrolyte type and temperature on these interactions is discernible. The culmination of the study's outcomes is elaborated through analyzing solute–solvent and solute–solute interactions. In particular, the interaction hierarchy is identified as l‐isoleucine + water + KCl > l‐isoleucine + water + NaCl > l‐isoleucine + swater.
An Examination of the Transport and Acoustics Properties of B3 Vitamins and Aqueous MgCl2 Salt at Various Temperatures and Concentrations
Authors: Sonune Pooja R. , Manik Urvashi P. , Mishra Paritosh L. , Pandey Krishna Kumar , Pandey S. P.
Published: October 2024

Forecasting various forms of intermolecular contact and the degree to which the solute and solvent are bonded is highly advantageous when using thermo‐acoustical and volumetric data. Both salts and vitamins are abundant in the human body. A variety of thermo‐acoustical and volumetric properties (viz. velocity [U], density [ρ], adiabatic compressibility [β], surface tension [σ], specific heat ratio [γ], acoustic impedance [Z], relative association [RA], relaxation strength [r], isothermal compressibility [kT], and nonlinearity parameter [B/A]) are investigated in this study. Of the vitamin B3 + H2O and vitamin B3 + H2O + MgCl2 systems have been examined. Through solvation and hydrogen bonding, these characteristics are utilized to describe the interactions between solutes and solvents. Compressibility explains the qualitative intermolecular elastic forces that exist between the molecules of the solvent and the solute. The electrostatic field of ions has formed the basis for discussions on the structural arrangement of molecules in electrolyte solutions. The volumetric and thermoacoustic characteristics exhibit concentration‐dependent changes, suggesting the existence of molecular interactions in both systems. The vitamin B3 molecule shows stronger molecular contact at higher solvent concentrations, although it interacts most molecularly with MgCl2 solvents. This suggests that magnesium molecules are more suited for the attachment of vitamin B3 molecules than are water molecules.
Removal of Dyes from Waste Water Using Low‐Cost Adsorbents
Authors: Singh Shailja , Kumar Navneet
Published: October 2024

The principal objective of this article is a thorough analysis of the usage of inexpensive adsorbents to eliminate dyes from different aquatic environments. Dyes, commonly employed in industries—textiles, pharmaceuticals, and food, pose a significant environmental concern due to their persistence and potential toxicity. In response, researchers have explored the efficacy of low‐cost adsorbents (LCAs) as sustainable and economical alternatives for dye elimination. An overview of the environmental effects of dye contamination and the difficulties in using traditional dye removal techniques is given at the outset of the paper. It then delves into the diverse range of LCAs, including agricultural by‐products, waste materials, and natural substances, that have shown promise in adsorbing and eliminating dye contaminants. Examples of such adsorbents include activated carbon (AC) derived from agricultural residues, bio‐adsorbents from various plant materials, and industrial by‐products with inherent adsorption properties. Key mechanisms involved in the adsorption process, such as surface chemistry, pore structure, and electrostatic interactions, are elucidated to offer a fundamental understanding of the sorption capabilities of these materials. This comprehensive review consolidates the current knowledge on dye removal utilizing LCAs, offering insights into the challenges, advancements, and future directions in this environmentally significant field. The findings underscore the potential of harnessing readily available, sustainable materials as effective sorbents for mitigating the adverse impacts of dye pollutants in aqueous systems. The adsorption capacity is comparable to supplementary adsorbents suggested for the removal of dyes. The widely accessible adsorption properties of basic and acidic dyes do not significantly differ from one another.
Increasing Sensitivity in Patient‐Reported MDS‐UPDRS Items for Predicting Medication Initiation in Early PD
Authors: Zou Haotian , Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Mestre Tiago A. , Luo Sheng
Published: October 2024

Background

The MDS‐UPDRS Parts IB and II are self‐reported items providing a direct patient voice to the experiences of PD.

Objective

To determine the most sensitive combination of MDS‐UPDRS Parts IB and II items that accurately predicted the clinically relevant target of dopaminergic therapy initiation.

Methods

Utilizing a longitudinal cohort of de novo non‐treated PD patients, we applied item response theory (IRT) and survival analysis to assess the relationship between baseline patient‐reported symptoms and the later initiation of dopaminergic therapy. The 20 MDS‐UPDRS Parts IB and II items were analyzed for their relationship to PD severity (discrimination) and the amount of information they provided in this determination (information). These parameters were used to develop models of predictive accuracy for initiation of dopaminergic therapy.

Results

A six‐item version showed a significantly higher C‐index as compared to the full 20 item model (P = 0.001). This shortened version of the MDS‐UPDRS contained only Part II items and provided a predictive accuracy for initiation of dopaminergic therapy better than the total combined scale score or any other combination.

Conclusions

A six‐item “Baseline Outcome Voice” version of patient‐reported MDS‐UPDRS items significantly increases the sensitivity of predicting the key future clinical outcome of starting dopaminergic treatment in early PD. This study also demonstrates how IRT modeling can provide information useful to refining existing measures to identify the most sensitive combination of items honoring the voice of the patient in determining key clinically pertinent decisions. Further research is needed to validate these findings in underrepresented populations.
States' AGs take TikTok to court for causing harm to children's mental health
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

The attorneys general of 13 states and the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit against TikTok Oct. 8, stating that the app's addictive design features are doing damage to the mental health of children and teens. The goal of the suits, the attorneys general said, is to stop TikTok from using addictive features, impose financial penalties, and collect damages for users who say the app has harmed them.
Classical solutions to a pursuit‐evasion model with prey‐taxis and indirect predator‐taxis
Authors: Xie Zhoumeng , Li Yuxiang
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates a pursuit‐evasion model with prey‐taxis and indirect predator‐taxis

in a bounded domain
with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where
and
for
. We prove the global boundedness of classical solution of (
) under
is suitably small and other conditions. Moreover, we also show the long‐time asymptotic behavior and convergence rate of the solution.
Controllability of time‐varying fractional dynamical systems with prescribed control
Authors: Karthiga P. , Sivalingam S. M. , Govindaraj V.
Published: October 2024

The study of this article deals with the controllability results for time‐varying fractional dynamical systems in terms of Caputo‐type fractional derivatives having a prescribed or predetermined control. We demonstrate the controllability results for time‐varying linear fractional dynamical systems using Gramian technique and fractional calculus. Additionally, we explore the controllability results for semi‐linear and nonlinear fractional dynamical systems through the fixed point techniques. Several numerical examples are illustrated to validate the theoretical results.