bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametrization of snow accumulation under forest canopy for INM RAS-MSU land surface model
Authors: Marchuk E A , Stepanenko V M
Published: December 2020

Snow accumulation and melting is one of the most important processes to be simulated by a land surface model. Snow parameterization schemes have been constructed to be applicable to areas without vegetation until the 90s of the 20th century. Even nowadays, only a few of the most advanced Earth system models (for example, CLM, SiB) include sophisticated parameterizations of snow cover including under-canopy snow storage. This paper presents a new snow cover parameterization in the INM RAS-MSU land surface scheme explicitly taking into account snow accumulation under vegetation canopy. The thus updated scheme has been tested using measurement data for the Severnaya Dvina River basin. The new snow scheme takes into account more physical processes that are specific to forested river catchments. This is a necessary step to improve the simulation of water and heat balances in boreal regions.
Numerical simulation of intense precipitation in Moscow region: a case study of a heavy rainfall event on June 30, 2017
Authors: Yarinich Yu I , Varentsov M I , Platonov V S , Stepanenko V M
Published: December 2020

This paper considers physical and synoptic mechanisms of an extreme rainfall on June 30, 2017 in the central part of European Russia, which was the maximum of daily precipitation sum in Moscow (65 mm) since 1970. Based on meteorological observations, radar data, and ERA5 reanalysis data, we show that the rainfall was associated with three mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that formed in the warm sector of a cyclone in a strip of anomalously high moisture content in the considered region, which developed further due to advection and evaporation. A numerical simulation with mesoscale model COSMO shows a significant contribution to the precipitation intensity of evaporation from the Earth’s surface: a 10-times decrease in soil the moisture in the initial conditions leads to a 3-times decrease in the amount of precipitation and its intensity. Additionally, we consider urban-induced effects on this rainfall event by switching on and off urban parametrization TERRA_URB. The application of the urban surface parametrization has not changed the average amount of precipitation in Moscow region. It causes, however, a redistribution of precipitation sums within it.
Consistency of the Iksinskoe bog dynamics with extreme Holocene climate events
Authors: Preis Yu I , Krutikov V A , Polishchuk V Yu
Published: December 2020

This research is devoted to the response of the southern taiga oligotrophic Iksinskoe bog to extreme Holocene climatic events. Based on data of preliminary geological exploration and 14 C-dated cores-analogues of this bog, a spatio-temporal model of paludification and vegetation succession from 11 paleosurface chrono-slices is created. It has been shown that the global dry cooling events of about 8200, 5900, 4900, and 2800 cal yr BP influenced the bog dynamics. Their direct impact is through the formation of a long-term thawing seasonal frost and permafrost water pressure as well as palsa. Their indirect impact is through a permafrost degradation and a subsequent warming. The cooling of 2800 cal yr BP had the maximum effect due to a drying and cryogenic peat accumulation stopping over a large area of the bog. During the subsequent warming of 2450 and 1900 cal yr BP there was a significant increase in the water content of the bog surface, and a phased oligotrophization of paleophytocenoses took place. The direct and indirect impacts of extremely dry Holocene cooling caused active paludificating, catastrophic changes in the paleophytocenoses, high water content of the surface, and reduced the depth of peat deposits of the Iksinskoe bog.
Methane fluxes in an artificial valley reservoir according to field observations and mathematical modeling
Authors: Lomov V , Stepanenko V , Grechushnikova M , Repina I
Published: December 2020

A very important problem nowadays is to assess anthropogenic impact on global warming. Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere is the main reason for the rising global planet temperatures. The most important greenhouse gases (GHGs) are carbon dioxide and methane. The forcing made by carbon dioxide has been studied for a long time, while less attention has been focused on methane in this regard. However, more and more evidence indicates significant methane emissions into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources. Less studied, but also important sources of methane are artificial reservoirs. In order to more accurately estimate methane emissions from the reservoirs, it is necessary to study the processes occurring with methane in the aquatic ecosystems in detail. For this purpose, in this study a Mozhaysk reservoir located in Moscow region is chosen. Studies of the spatial and temporal variations of methane fluxes have been carried out on this site for 6 years since 2015. In addition, this reservoir is used for validation of a well-known model, LAKE. This model can be used as an instrument for detailed estimation of methane emissions into the atmosphere from the surface of reservoirs.
Formation of gases and aerosol composition in background and urban areas of Western Siberia: a case study for the record-breaking hot April of 2020
Authors: Antokhina O Yu , Antokhin P N , Arshinov M Yu , Belan B D , Davydov D K , Kozlov A V , Savkin D E , Sklyadneva T K , Tolmachev G N , Fofonov A V
Published: December 2020

This paper presents results of a comprehensive analysis of the formation of gases and aerosol composition during the anomalously hot April 2020 in Western Siberia. The analysis of the observed change in atmospheric composition and a modeling study with the WRF-Chem is carried out for suburban (TOR-station) and background (FON-station) areas. Two episodes of increased gases and aerosols were detected:13-15 April with a peak on 14 (in most part for the TOR station: increased NO, NO2, CO, CO2, aerosols) and 17-24 April with a peak on 23 (for both stations O3, aerosol, in most part for the FON station: NO2, SO2, CO, and CO2). Atmospheric circulation in the first episode was characterized by mesoscale differences between the two studied locations (surface temperature delta, although both stations are in the same region of large-scale transfers). For the second episode, a large scale atmospheric ridge was observed, which caused a transboundary transfer from Northern Kazakhstan and early wildfires. The simulation with WRF has demonstrated in most cases only the role of wildfires and, in general, has not demonstrated any observed differences between the two episodes. It shows that there is a need to search for more sensitive methods of discovering sources of pollution.
Methods of studying and forecasting of storm winds in the territory of Russia
Authors: Glebov V V , Erofeeva V V , Shevsov V V , Anikina E V
Published: December 2020

This review paper provides information about methods of storm wind research and forecasting. A storm wind is a dangerous hydrometeorological phenomenon that occurs on land or causes strong waves at sea. The mechanism of development of this phenomenon is associated with a powerful action of some conventional processes in the atmosphere. The importance of studying and forecasting storm-force winds is related to the damage that such winds can cause. Currently, the observation network in Russia is still insufficient for a full-scale assessment of convective phenomena. An exception is the Central Federal District, where there is a continuous coverage of the territory by observation data. Therefore, an important step in this direction is to equip the country’s territories with a network of sensors for continuous recording of the meteorological situation. The most optimal device that allows determining the structure and physical characteristics of the origins of storm winds is the weather radar. Another comprehensive approach to assessing the origins and passage of storm winds is the use of remote sensing data. Methods based on the non-hydrostatic general use models WRF-NMM (Weather Research and Forecasting-Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model) and WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecasting) have made significant progress in predicting storm winds. These models have been developed in the USA. The world practice of forecasts shows that these models can reproduce the mesoscale convective processes quite well and be used in a system of early warning of the danger of strong winds.
Standardization of Forms and Tools for Inter-machine Interaction in Exchange of Hydrometeorological Data
Authors: Viazilov E D , Melnikov D A , Mikheev A S
Published: December 2020

The necessity of organizing a machine-to-machine data exchange in the Earth sciences for their subsequent interdisciplinary analysis is shown. The barriers that hinder interaction between various information systems are indicated. The requirements, FAIR, for datasets and the principles, TRUST, for data repositories that must be met to effectively exchange data are presented. An ocean data exchange scheme is described, which is used within a pan-European project, SeaDataCloud, and can be proposed for data exchange with the World Data System. International formats of data exchange services and data visualization tools are briefly described. Examples of integration of distributed and heterogeneous data, metadata bases, and information about classifiers used in ESIMO (http://esimo.ru) are considered. An idea of standardizing a format for storing and exchanging data in the form of time series is proposed. In addition to standardization of formats, it is necessary to standardize the common codes and classifiers used in the data exchange and the parameter names from a unified vocabulary. Some prospects of inter-machine interaction are the creation of tools of data exchange with the existing international and national systems and of conveyor data processing ranging from hydrometeorological data collection to their use in business processes.
Citizen weather stations data for monitoring applications and urban climate research: an example of Moscow megacity
Authors: Varentsov M I , Samsonov T E , Kargashin P E , Korosteleva P A , Varentsov A I , Perkhurova A A , Konstantinov P I
Published: December 2020

This study considers experience in use of crowdsourced meteorological observations from the world’s biggest network of citizen weather stations (CWSs), Netatmo, for urban climate research and applied monitoring services on the example of Moscow megacity. Crowdsourcing paradigm is an emerging alternative to the development of expensive urban meteorological networks. We have experimentally evaluated the uncertainties of the Netatmo temperature observations and regard them as being acceptable when the stations are shadowed from the sun. In order to filter out the misrepresentative observations, a quality-control algorithm has been developed. Within more than 1500 CWSs in the Moscow region, only about 25% meet this quality control, which is still one order of magnitude higher than the number of official Roshydromet weather stations in the study area. Such amount of data opens new opportunities for spatially-resolving urban climate studies and for applied services. As an example of the latter, we present a prototype of a web-mapping application for a near-real-time temperature monitoring system in Moscow. The application’s backend includes automatic services for downloading of observations from Netatmo and official Roshydromet networks, as well as for database maintaining. The processed data are visualized interactively in a web browser. The application is available on the Internet at http://carto.geogr.msu.ru/mosclim/. It will be further developed to include a real-time thermal comfort assessment based on the contemporary PET and UTCI biometeorological indices, a visualization of the interpolated fields, and other improvements.
Computing core of a software package for “cloud” analysis of climate change and the environment
Authors: Okladnikov I G
Published: December 2020

The computing core of an information and computing software package based on a dedicated software framework for carrying out scientific research related to statistical processing and analysis of spatial geophysical data archives obtained both from observations and modelling is presented. In its development, accumulated experience in the development of information-computational web GISs for processing of large amounts of spatial data has been used. The basic components of the computing core are represented by modules for searching, selecting, and processing spatial data arrays and by a core manager governing the processing and data flows. Its modular structure provides a possibility to operatively expand the functionality of the software complex using various procedures for mathematical and statistical analysis, processing and graphical representation of the results in the form of graphs, diagrams, and fields on a map of the territory under consideration.
Multidisciplinary ENVIROMIS conference: new experience
Authors: Gordov E P , Okladnikov I G , Genina E Yu , Gordova E Yu
Published: December 2020

A forced by the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) approach to organization of multidisciplinary conference is described. A hybrid format combining both online and offline presentations is presented and advantages and disadvantages of the used approach are evaluated as well as the received feedback.
Transparent boundary condition for the momentum conservative scheme of the shallow water equations
Authors: Ginting M A , Pudjaprasetya S R , Adytia D , Wiryanto L H
Published: December 2020

In conducting water wave simulations, the correct implementation of boundary conditions is important to obtain accurate wave dynamics in the computational domain. For assessment of coastal structures such as breakwaters, where both transmitted and reflected waves are present in the computational domain, we often need to observe simulation behavior for a somewhat long period of time. In this case, applying a transparent boundary condition is necessary, a condition that allows transmitted wave propagates to the right, whereas reflected waves propagates to the left at all times. In this paper, we propose a transparent boundary condition which derives from the embedded wave generation method of Liam et al. [5]. In this paper, the method is implemented to the momentum conservative scheme of the shallow water equations, and conduct several wave simulations. First, we use a monochromatic wave to demonstrate the implementation of embedded wave generation for constructing transparent boundary condition. Second, we show how this method has an effect on the backward and onward shoreline motion of Carrier-Greenspan [2] simulation. Finally, we consider a simulation of wave reduction due to a submerged breakwater with a certain dimension.
The Pi −

P1NC

Finite Element Method for 1D wave simulation using Shallow Water Equations
Authors: Swastika P. V. , Pudjaprasetya S.R. , Adytia D.
Published: December 2020

We study a simple numerical scheme based on a new type of Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve the 1D Shallow Water Equations. In the new scheme, the surface elevation variable is approximated by a linear continuous basis function (P
1) and the velocity potential variable is approximated by the one-dimensional discontinuous linear non-conforming basis function (

P
1

N
C

). Here, we implement the P
1 −

P
1

N
C

finite element pair to solve the 1D Shallow Water Equations on a structured grid, whereas the Runge Kutta method is adopted for time integration. We verified the resulting scheme by conducting several simulations such as a standing wave simulation, and propagation of an initial hump over sloping bathymetry. The resulting scheme free from numerical damping error, conservative and both standing wave and shoaling phenomena are well simulated.
A Numerical Study of The Outflow of Makassar Strait Using Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS)
Authors: Munir Ahmad Sirojudin , Nasution Yuki Novia , Mandang Idris
Published: December 2020

In the Makassar Strait, upwelling occurred by wind-driven current and complexity of bottom topography. Analysis of upwelling phenomena could be determined by salinity, temperature and three-dimensional current value which happened in a year as a climatology change. Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) is a terrain-following three-dimensional model to calculate a numerical value which needs stability for long-duration simulation. The model has been simulated for 1 year from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 and verified by tidal data. Horizontal Boundary Condition which contains u-v velocities, salinity and temperature, is a climatology data from GLBa0.08 HYCOM. Atmospheric forcing was calculated from ERA-INTERIM ECMWF. The verification uses RMSE and RRE methods and showed good result between model and observation data with RMSE=0.1454 meter and RRE=6.5806%. The result was analysed from twelve sampling points, six points on the outflow of the Makassar Strait which generated upwelling and the six others on the canal that connect to the Flores Sea and the Java Sea. The model gave a good result on January, and indicate average w-velocity of 9.1183 m/day.
The Ocean Heat Content of Lombok Strait Water Masses in 2011 – 2015
Authors: Chairuasni Luqman N , Ramadhan F L , Bernawis Lamona I , Rachmayani Rima , Putri M R
Published: December 2020

The Lombok Strait that located between the island of Bali and Lombok is one of the seas in Indonesia that connects the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Therefore, the characteristics of the Lombok Strait waters get influence from those oceans. In this research, the analysis of water masses in the Lombok Strait waters are investigated and analysed by using T-S diagram. The main data used are temperature and salinity from the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) model in 2011 – 2015 with 1/12° × 1/12° horizontal resolution and vertical resolution up to 1500 m. The T-S diagram was used to identify the water masses contribution in the Lombok Strait and the ocean heat content (OHC) was calculated for each water mass. The Timor Sea Water (TSW) and Australasian Mediterranean Water (AAMW) contributed maximally in thermocline layer with 65.85% of the total heat content (1.12 × 1013J/m2) and 24.46% (4.16 × 1012J/m2). Then, The Antartic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Banda Intermediate Water (BIW) contributed maximally in intermediate layer (500 – 1500 m) with 8.17% of total heat content (1.39 × 1012J/m2) and 1.52% (2.59 × 1011J/m2). In addition, the ocean heat content of each water mass was influenced by El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The ocean heat content of TSW and BIW increased when El-Niño and positive of IOD appeared and decreased during La-Niña and negative of IOD. Conversely, the ocean heat content of AAMW and AAIW decreased when El-Niño and positive of IOD appeared and increased during La-Niña and negative of IOD.
Comparison of volume transport in the Halmahera Sea between La Nina 2011 and El Nino 2015 events based on numerical model
Authors: Riza Muhammad , Putri Mutiara R , Mandang Idris
Published: December 2020

Variations of volume transport in the Halmahera Sea are strongly influenced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Based on the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), in 2011 La Nina event took place with a strength of 3.02, while in 2015 El Nino occurred with a strength of -2.6. This paper discusses the variation of transport volume caused by the ENSO phenomenon based on the results of the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). On the Halmahera Sea at a latitude of 0.3°S with a width of 67 km and a depth of down to 200 m, net volume transport always moves southward. The largest volume transport in La Nina 2011 occurred in September-October, which was -8.9 Sv. Meanwhile, in El Nino 2015 the largest volume transport occurred in July-August, which was equal to -4.9 Sv. The cross correlation coefficient between volume transport and SOI in 2011 and 2015 was r = 0.55 and r = 0.61 respectively, where these results indicate a strong relationship.
Characteristics of mangrove ecosystems in Weda Bay: Environment, Vegetation, and Aboveground Carbon Stocks
Authors: Suyadi
Published: December 2020

Weda Bay is one of the largest mangrove habitat in North Maluku and one of mega-biodiversity spots in Indonesia. However, data and information of mangrove vegetation and its ecosystem services particularly carbon stocks were limited. Mangroves were mapped using GIS-remote sensing and vegetation were sampled using transects in five sites of mangroves across Weda Bay. Tansects were extended from seaward to landward to cover all vegetation variation and hydrodynamic conditions. Environmental data (water and substrate): temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), particle size of sediment, and nutrient (phosphate and nitrate) were collected. The objective is to identify characteristics of mangrove landscape and vegetation, it is environment, and it ecosystem services in term of aboveground carbon stocks. The study showed that the characteristics of landscape and vegetation of mangrove varied among hydrodynamic conditions. The bay is important habitat for 8.5% (17 species) of mangrove species in Indonesia.Rhizophora apiculataandBruguiera gymnorrhizawere the most dominant mangroves. The environmental conditions of Weda Bay particularly northern part of the bay were suitable for mangrove growth. Substrate of mangrove did not vary significantly with distance from the seaward which was mainly dominated by mud and clay (3.9 - 63 μm). Mean water temperature in the mangrove area was 29.3°C, salinity 34.1 psu, mean water suspension was 46 mg l−1, mean dissolved oxygen was 3.2 mg l−1, and water current was 10 m s−1. Aboveground carbon stock was considerable (752 ± 17.6 Mg C ha−1). Change in aboveground carbon stocks over the distance from the seaward edge to landward edge was not significantly different. In contrast, aboveground carbon stocks varied among hydrodynamic conditions: estuarine, delta, and riverine mangroves. Delta mangrove contained the highest carbon stock (993 ± 27.7 Mg C ha−1), followed by estuarine mangroves (645 ± 12.2 Mg C ha−1) and riverine mangroves (244 ± 8.6 Mg C ha−1). However, this ecosystem faced some threats such as mangrove extraction and plastic pollution. Better mangrove management e.g. reducing mangrove extraction and pollution are required to protect the functions and ecosystem services of mangroves. In addition, conserving mangrove forests will allow the government to achieve blue economy goals and to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration.
Changes in the Ambon Bay Seagrass for the Past Five Years (2011 – 2016)
Authors: Irawan A , Prayudha B
Published: December 2020

Ambon Bay is located on Ambon Island, which most of the area is within the Ambon City, the capital of Maluku Province. The coastal ecosystem such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds still exist on this bay. However, as a coastal ecosystem in a crowded city, the potential of degradation for these ecosystems is immense. Over the past five years, many changes have taken place in this bay. In the land section, the construction of housing and large buildings such as shopping centers has occurred. Besides, on the coast, there has been a construction of new docks, and several locations have been reclaimed. Therefore, in 2016 there was a re-observation of the seagrass condition at all transect locations of 2011, to see the changes that have occurred in the seagrass bed in Ambon Bay over the past five years. The results will be compared to the satellite imagery of each location. Overall, the condition of seagrass beds in Ambon Bay in 2016 has decreased from the initial observation in 2011. Of the seven research locations, only one location (Halong) has an increase in its conditions, with seagrass canopy cover rise by almost twofold from previous data (24.29% rise to 50.00%). Four locations experienced a decline in condition, from a slight decrease in Waiheru and Lateri (25.00% down to 20.91% and 47.14% down to 39.33% respectively) to a sharp decrease in Tanjung Tiram and Passo (65.67% down to 39.33% and 48.33% down to 16.25% respectively). The remaining two locations (Tantui and Hative) were in worse condition because they were damaged by the reclamation project. From 2011 to 2016 satellite image comparison, almost all locations show changes in their land use, with more buildings built near and on the coastal area, except in Halong. This finding indicates that seagrass condition negatively affected by coastal development.
Ecosystem Characteristics in Inner Ambon Bay
Authors: Sabrina P L , Putri M R , Noerbaeti E
Published: December 2020

Inner Ambon Bay has been used as a location for fish farming. The mean seasonal of chemical parameters as much as 3,92 – 6,52 ppm for dissolved oxygen, the surface concentration of nitrate and phosphate each one is 0,05 – 0,143 ppm and 0,014 – 0,6 ppm, meanwhile the pH reach 7,95 – 8,44. The mean seasonal of physical parameters about 30,3 – 34,4 ‰ for salinity and the value of surface temperature is 26,5 – 31,5 °C. This research reviews the condition of an ecosystem in Inner Ambon Bay, consist of nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus (NPZD) concentrations. The input model uses data on temperature and average nitrate concentration from Ambon Marine Aquaculture Center (Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut Ambon) which is located on 3,63529 °S and 128,2312 °E. Model simulation is carried out for 4 years (2015 – 2018) with the time step of 6 minutes. The model simulation result shows that the mean nutrient concentration is 3,52 – 3,84 mmolC/m3. The verification of nutrient concentration from a model with observation data (nitrate concentration) used a statistics method. The value of RMSE is 0,05 mg/L or 0,5 mmolC/m3, meanwhile correlation is 0,41. The highest nutrient concentration occurred in the southeast season. It could be influenced by upwelling from Banda Sea that carried high nutrients from the surface.
Ocean color as a proxy to predict sea surface salinity in the Banda Sea
Authors: Wouthuyzen Sam , Kusmanto E. , Fadli M. , Harsono G. , Salamena G. , Lekalette J. , Syahailatua A.
Published: December 2020

Salinity is an important ocean parameter that greatly influences physical, chemical, and biological ocean properties and processes. Salinity combines with sea temperature and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) that mostly sourced from remote sensing-based measurements can reveal ocean quality and supports fisheries. However, the satellite-derived Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) dataset (∼ 9 years) is not as temporally adequate as SST and Chl-a datasets (∼3 decades) and thus, preventing a comprehensively spatio-temporal analysis of this water quality aspect. Since (SSS) can be approximated using satellite-derived ocean color products having the similar temporal length of datasets to the available SST and Chl-a datasets, predicted SSS can be produced from these ocean color products to fill the gap of the existing SSS dataset. This study aims to estimate the SSS from ocean color products of Aqua-MODIS satellite with a spatial and temporal resolution of 4 km and 8-daily by developing an empirical model. The ocean color data used were remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of blue, green and red wavelengths (412, 433, 469, 488, 531, 547, 555, 645, 667 and 678 nm). The absorption coefficients due to detritus material non-algae, Gelbstof and CDOM (ADG) at 443 nm and the absorption coefficient due to phytoplankton (APH) at 443 nm data were also used. The Banda Sea was chosen due to its large-scale upwelling system (∼300 km × 300 km) that providing an important ocean process related to fishery and the availability of in-situ salinity measurements (i.e. CTD casts from series of Research Vessel (R/V) Baruna Jaya III, VII and VIII cruises and Argo floats), which a part of these datasets will be used to validate predicted SSS. Results showed that of all ocean color parameters tested, ADG at 443 nm was strongly correlated with in-situ SSS through the polynomial order 5 regression equation with a high R2of 0.94 and a low RMES value of 0.101 PSU. Although this empirical model has high accuracy, but based on RMSE analysis results from various locations within and outside the Banda Sea that influenced by the Pacific and the Indian ocean water masses indicates that this model actually good to predict in-situ SSS only for a narrow range SSS of 33.4-34.5 PSU. Nevertheless, this model has a limitation, it is still can be used for predicting and mapping the SSS for Banda Sea as well as for most of the Indonesian waters. The long-term meteorological SSS map (2003-2017) derived by this model together with the SST and Chl-a maps can show clearly the upwelling phenomena of the Banda Sea, which occurred during the southeast monsoon (June-July-August, JJA). This study proves that ocean color data from Aqua-MODIS satellite can be applied to estimate and to map the SSS for most of the Indonesian waters, but validations for this model is still needed
Sustainable Port Planning in Future Indonesian Ports: A Case Study of Mafa Port based on UN SDGs
Authors: Amien Dhaneswara Al , Setyani Fera Dwi , Sihombing Rajin
Published: December 2020

As one of the biggest maritime nation in the world, Indonesia has big advantages and potential with its long coastline. Part of the maritime industry that Indonesia can provide is the port services. Port development hopes to carry the development of the area in many aspects with the sustainable approach. This study uses Mafa Port in Indonesia as the study case location. This study looks into the new port development effect in regard to 5 goals of United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), to see the connection of new port to the regional development. As a result, this study identifies the related sustainable goals with the port development and also the approach being used by sustainable port base practices.
A review of solid oxide fuel cell application
Authors: Li Weiquan , Wang Yang , Liu Weinan
Published: December 2020

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an efficient chemical fuel cell, which has been widely used in different fields. The successful application of this technology is of great significance to alleviate the energy crisis, meet the demand of the quantity and quality of electricity, and protect the ecological environment. SOFC has been utilized with gas turbine (GT), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and small-scale power generation. This article introduces the characteristics, working principle and engineering application of solid oxide fuel cells in more detail.
Spatio-temporal dynamic evaluation of land use benefit and its coupling coordination in Gansu Province
Authors: Lan Zheng , Zhi-bin Zhang , Ya-xiong Ma , Jiang-hong Dong
Published: December 2020

Based on the model of “economic benefit-social benefit-ecological benefit”, the evaluation index system of land use benefit was constructed, revealing the dynamic changes of the spatial and temporal pattern of land use benefit in Gansu Province. Combining the coupling coordination degree model, it analyzes the coupling coordination degree of economic, social and ecological benefits, and quantitatively analyzes its main limiting factors. The results show that: (1) The comprehensive benefits of land use in Gansu Province from 2000 to 2017 showed an upward trend. The spatial pattern of “high in the north and low in the south” was obvious, and a “dual core” structure with Lanzhou and Jiayuguan as the main cities was formed.(2) From the perspective of sub-systems, economic benefits show a trend of “rising first and then falling”, and the spatial pattern is still “high in the north and low in the south”; the social benefits basically show an upward trend. The northwest is characterized by “first decline and then rise”, and the southeast is characterized by “continuous rise”. The spatial pattern is “high in the middle, followed by the northwest, and lower in the southeast”. The ecological benefits are mainly present the trend of “rising first and then falling” markedly changed the spatial pattern.(3) From the perspective of the coupling coordination relationship, all cities in Gansu Province are in a state of imbalance, mainly with moderate imbalance, and the coupling coordination needs to be improved.
Experimental study on acoustic emission frequency characteristics of granite under different cyclic loading and unloading
Authors: Jie Tan , Zhaoyang Song , Zaihai Wu , Fangbo Ning
Published: December 2020

In Granite acoustic emission tests were performed during three different cyclic loading and unloading processes. The relationship between the acoustic emission frequency distribution pattern and the loading and unloading mode of granite during the cyclic loading and unloading process was discussed. The distribution pattern of the peak frequency with the stress evolution is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Studies have shown that: in the first cycle of loading and unloading at each stage of the three cyclic loading and unloading processes, the acoustic emission ringing count and peak frequency are significantly increased, which has a significant Kaiser effect. It proves that the Kaiser effect essentially remembers the extent of the damage inside the rock previously. In the process of loading and unloading in the fourth stage cycle, the AE ring count showed a “U”-shaped change law, showing a significant Felicity effect. Comparing the three different cyclic loading and unloading modes, with the increase of the lower limit stress, the stress amplitude decreases, and the AE ringing count corresponding to the lower limit stress value of the unloading gradually decreases, and the peak frequency distribution shows more dense or concentrated characteristics. At the beginning of the third stage cycle, the proportion of high frequency band (140∼162kHz) gradually decreased, and the proportion of lower frequency band (11-18kHz) gradually increased. With the increase of the lower limit of cyclic loading and unloading, the lower frequency band (11-18kHz) in the fourth-stage cyclic loading and unloading process takes up a higher proportion, even as high as 95%. It indicates that the rock samples at this stage mainly undergo large-scale failure, and the rock samples are in a critical failure state. These provide the basis for exploring the evolution mechanism of rock mechanical behavior and the prediction method of instability and damage.
Study on the Mechanism of Enhancing Cementing Quality with the Downhole Shear Swirling Flow Vibration Cementing Tool
Authors: Zhenning Yu , Fahao Yu , Ting Wei , Yue Wang
Published: December 2020

Downhole shear swirling flow vibration cementing tool has shear, rotational flow and vibration triple effects. It can improve cementing quality in various aspects. This paper developed discussion in the aspects of the tool to change cementing fluid performance by shear, to realize turbulent displacement and improve the wall shear stress by swirling flow, to change periodically relative position of clearance by casing eccentric revolution, to increase compression strength of cement by vibration and so on. It analyzed the mechanism of enhancing cementing quality of the downhole shear swirling flow vibration cementing tool in detail. It deepened the understanding of the tool. Then the research results help to promote the tool further application in oil and gas well cementing engineering field, and further increase the oil and gas well cementing quality.
Stabilized Lithium Anode via a Uniform Li-Ions Distribution Enabled by a Robust LLZTO/Polysulfone Electrospun Membrane
Authors: Yin Yuxin
Published: December 2020

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) using lithium metal as the anode is a promising technical route for the next battery. lithium metal anode delivers the highest energy density. Therefore, it has been extensively studied by scientists. Unfortunately, Li-metal anode is incapable to practical applications due to the dendritic propagation during the repeated charging/discharging process leading to short-circuit and severe safety issues. we loaded the fast Li-ions conductor LLZTO ceramic particles on the polysulfone (PSU) fiber. The LLZTO/PSU composite fiber membrane networks inherited both lithiophilic properties and strong rigidity from LLZTO particles, which could suppress the local electric field and exert influence of adjusting the distribution and deposition behavior of Li-ions while the improved mechanical properties against lithium dendrites. Therefore, the lithium metal anode with modified surface of composite fiber can effectively inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites with a prolong life-span.
Design of The Thick Wind Turbine Airfoil Based on An Improved MOPSO Algorithm
Authors: Huang Xinxiang , Guo Xiaofeng , Zhang Ren
Published: December 2020

The design of a thick wind turbine airfoil is a multi-constraint and multi-objective optimal problem. In order to make the thick airfoil with a blunt trailing-edge have better aerodynamic and structural performance simultaneously, a new method for thick airfoil optimal design based on an improved MOPSO algorithm was presented in this paper. To show the performance of the new design technique, the optimization is accomplished on the wind turbine airfoils with a 40% maximum relative thickness, and the Pareto-optimal set is obtained. The representative airfoils are picked, analyzed, and compared with a traditional wind turbine airfoil (DU00-W2-401) at Re=2×106 for free and fixed transitions, the results show that the new airfoils have better performance than the DU00-W2-401.
A Comparison of Energy Efficiency in AC and DC Microgrid with New Energy
Authors: HuipengLi  , Li Shengwen , Wang Tan , Wang Xu , Chang Xiao , Zhang Min , Meng Runquan
Published: December 2020

As photovoltaic, wind power and other new energy sources are connected to the power grid on a large scale, the research on key technologies of microgrid needs to be further improved. Since most distributed generation and energy storage devices are mostly powered by direct current, DC distribution technology has got more and more attention. Aiming at the difference of energy efficiency between AC and DC microgrid, this paper proposes the analysis method of “the efficiency of source side with distributed generation”, establishes a mathematical model of system loss of AC and DC microgrid with distributed generation and sets up a selection principle of distribution system mode through the intersection point of system loss rate, from the perspective of energy efficiency. The calculation results show that the loss rate of DC microgrid with distributed power source is lower than that of AC microgrid supposing the DC load ratio is 50%. The system loss rate curve confirms the necessity of DC distribution system technology research. With the continuous access of distributed generation and energy storage devices to microgrids, and the increasing improvement of DC load rate, the DC microgrid with distributed generation will have more advantages in the future.
Research on the Design and Development of Animation Cultural and Creative Products in Jilin Province under the Internet Big Data
Authors: Liu Kun , Lu Hao
Published: December 2020

Under the background of the big data era, based on the regional characteristics and traditional national culture of Jilin Province, this paper focuses on the application of big data technology in the design and development of animation, cultural and creative products in different links. With big data technology as the guide of product design, the paper puts forward innovative design ideas and methods for the design of animation and cultural and creative products in Jilin Province to construct and develop the IP effect in this field, thus enhancing the competitiveness of Jilin Province in this field and solving the current problems in the development of the animation and cultural and creative industries in Jilin Province.
Study on the Influence of Diatomite with Different Shapes on the Moisture Absorption and Release Performance in Changbai Region of Jilin Province
Authors: Liguang Xiao , Hongyang Kou
Published: December 2020

In this paper, different morphologies of diatomaceous earth (disc, cylindrical) were purified, and characterized by SEM, BET and pore size distribution, and moisture absorption and desorption tests were carried out. The results show that the humidity control performance of the cylindrical diatomite sample is better than that of the disc-shaped diatomite sample. Its 24h moisture absorption, 24h moisture release, volumetric moisture content ratio, average volumetric moisture content and other indicators all exceed Disc-shaped diatomite samples; the specific surface area of cylindrical diatomite samples is higher than that of disc-shaped diatomite samples, and the pore size distribution is more reasonable. Combined with the analysis of humidity control performance, cylindrical diatomite samples are more suitable As an excellent humidity control material.
Problems and Countermeasures in Protection of Drinking Water Sources in Hubei Province
Authors: Lin Xin , Zhang Ji
Published: December 2020

This paper introduces the current situation of drinking water sources in Hubei Province, and points out that in the new period of harnessing the Yangtze River, the drinking water sources are faced with prominent contradictions such as low annual water consumption and prominent non-point source pollution. At the same time, the emergency standby water source is insufficient, and the water production technology of water supply enterprises needs to be improved. In order to ensure the optimal allocation and rational utilization of water resources, some suggestions are put forward, such as controlling the non-point source pollution system, actively promoting the construction of standby water source, and timely upgrading the water supply treatment process of water plants.
Application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of improved AHP in ship safety evaluation in plateau reservoir area
Authors: Jun Li
Published: December 2020

There are many factors that affect the safety of transport ships in the plateau reservoir area, which makes it difficult to allocate weights reasonably, and a large amount of single factor information is submerged. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model using improved AHP (AHP) is proposed, the advantages of the model are explained, and the method of constructing the model is introduced. The practicality of the model is verified through examples, and the results show that the model can scientifically and reasonably assess the safety risks of ships, and provide a reference for ship management companies and maritime safety bureaus to improve management methods.
Development law of lateral displacement of deep soil mass in submerged breakwater
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2020

The 12.5m deep water channel project under Nanjing of the Yangtze River is a national key project. Based on the hechangzhou waterway section of the project, combined with the characteristics of water depth, strong wind, rapid flow and high wave, aiming at the problems such as short construction time, difficult instrument embedding, easy damage and low data collection efficiency, field monitoring test is carried out to monitor the foundation of submerged dike structure in the construction process The lateral displacement of deep soil mass, clear its development law, provide a strong guarantee for safe construction.
Analysis on the Change Trend and Influencing Factors of Meteorological Drought in Huaihe River Basin
Authors: Qiang Zhao , Ran PengYu , Li XiFeng
Published: December 2020

Since the 21st century, the global warming trend has attracted the attention of the general public. Global temperature changes have caused many extremely severe weather events. This paper uses the meteorological data of 20 stations in the Huai River Basin from 1960 to 2017, combined with the historical records of meteorological disasters, and uses the SPI index to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of meteorological drought. The conclusions are as follows: (1) SPI has a 14a main cycle and 4a, 5a, 6a, 11-12a and 22-24a secondary cycles. (2) The evolution characteristics of SPI show that the annual scale, spring, autumn, and winter increase at different speeds, and decrease in summer.
Numerical assessment of blade deflection and elongation for improved monitoring of blade and TBC damage
Authors: Van Dyke Jason , Nganbe Michel
Published: December 2020

The reliability of turbine blades is largely maintained by damage tolerance approach based on monitoring and pre-set periodic inspections. This can result in unnecessary downtimes, premature part retirement and unforeseeable failures. Therefore, there is growing interest in systems that can reliably detect damages in real‐time. However, many current sensors are based on blade tip clearance and time of arrival. The first primarily correlates with relatively predictable long-term creep deformation and ensuing blade elongation, while the second can be related to blade deflection. Therefore, this research comparatively assesses the two parameters. For this purpose, TBC defects, representative for coating spallation, and notches, representative for blunted blade cracks, are investigated. Overall, the results suggest that the measurement of changes in axial deflection could show higher sensitivity to cracks and TBC defects, and therefore, constitutes a potential alternative for continuous monitoring with respect to unforeseeable rapidly growing blade damage. Moreover, TBC spallation seems more difficult to immediately detect as the ensuing changes in blade tip position are small. However, they cause changes in deflection that can switch from negative to positive as they are located closer to the blade root, which may allow to assess their location during monitoring. In contrast, critical cracks located close to the blade root can cause measurable changes in blade deflexion, potentially making their timely detection and continuous monitoring possible.
Intestinal crypt-derived enteroid coculture in presence of peristaltic longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus
Authors: Levin Daniel E , Mandal Arabinda , Fleming Mark A , Bae Katherine H , Gerry Brielle , Moore Sean R
Published: December 2020

The role of enteric neurons in driving intestinal peristalsis has been known for over a century. However, in recent decades, scientists have begun to unravel additional complex interactions between this nerve plexus and other cell populations in the intestine. Investigations into these potential interactions are complicated by a paucity of tractable models of these cellular relationships. Here, we describe a novel technique for ex vivo coculture of enteroids, so called “mini-guts,” in juxtaposition to the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP). Key to this system, we developed a LMMP culture media that: (i) allows the LMMP to maintain ex vivo peristalsis for 2 weeks along with proliferation of neurons, glia, smooth muscle and fibroblast cells, and (ii) supports the proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal stem cells into enteroids complete with epithelial enterocytes, Paneth cells, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells. Importantly, this technique identifies a culture condition that supports both the metabolic needs of intestinal epithelium as well as neuronal elements, demonstrating the feasibility of maintaining these two populations in a single culture system. This sets the stage for experiments to better define the regulatory interactions of these two important intestinal cell populations.