bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E AÇÕES JUDICIAIS: ATENÇÃO PARA HOMENS AUTORES DE VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Oliveira Anderson Eduardo Carvalho de , Tavares Márcia Santana
Published: October 2019

Desde o advento da Lei Maria da Penha, os debates sobre serviços de responsabilização e educação para homens autores de violência contra mulheres têm se intensificado no Brasil. Ainda em número bastante reduzido, tais serviços encontram uma série de dificuldades para se firmar enquanto política nacional específica de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher, seja pela inexistência de recursos contínuos, seja pelas controvérsias acerca dos desenhos metodológicos que assumem. Neste trabalho, buscamos mapear ações desenvolvidas no interior do Estado da Bahia, bem como as repercussões que têm provocado entre os/as gestores/as de políticas públicas. Para tanto, valemo-nos de dados produzidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e semidiretivas aplicadas com representantes de instituições públicas voltadas ao enfrentamento da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, instaladas em 19 (dezenove) municípios do Estado. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos últimos meses de 2015, por ocasião da elaboração do Planejamento Integral Básico – PIB, desenvolvido pela Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres do Estado da Bahia, cuja finalidade era sistematizar as ações do Estado para o Pacto de Enfrentamento à Violência contra a Mulher, do qual participamos na condição de pesquisadores. Os resultados apontam para o desenvolvimento de tímidas ações ligadas ao Tribunal de Justiça e alguns atendimentos no âmbito de serviços especializados para as mulheres em situação de violência doméstica e familiar, em total afronta às diretrizes gerais fixadas pela Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres da Presidência da República. 
CONDICIONALIDADES E EFETIVIDADE DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA: UMA ANÁLISE DE 2000 A 2014
Authors: Montiel Isadora Martins , Troian Alessandra , Breitenbach Raquel
Published: October 2019

Nas últimas décadas o debate acerca da pobreza vem ganhando destaque no cenário global. No Brasil, a pobreza sempre foi um fator de relevância, já que ela atinge parte significativa da população. O presente estudo objetiva analisar a efetividade do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) através do acompanhamento dos dados das condicionalidades nas áreas da educação e da saúde no período de 2005 a 2014. Metodologicamente a pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa, a partir do método dedutivo. Realizou-se a análise de dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS); do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Agrário (MDS); e de relatórios do Programa das Nações Unidas para o desenvolvimento – Brasil (PNUD-BRASIL). Os resultados indicam que o Programa Bolsa Família melhorou as condições de vida de seus beneficiários através do auxílio financeiro e, principalmente, pelo acesso à educação e a saúde, aumentando os níveis de frequência escolar e acompanhamentos médicos básicos. A melhora nas condições de vida também fica evidente nos resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano do período. 
A IMPORTÂNCIA DE BRUNO LATOUR PARA A FILOSOFIA - TEXTO ORIGINAL POR GRAHAM HARMAN
Authors: Pinho Thiago De Araújo
Published: October 2019

Poucos pensadores contemporâneos tem se deparado com um destino tão estranho quanto Bruno Latour. Em certas partes do mundo acadêmico, ele é um reconhecido popstar. Sua teoria do ator-rede tem inspirado centenas de trabalhos realizados por animados seguidores na sociologia, antropologia, estudos da ciência, e mesmo as belas artes[1] (fine arts). Ele atrai grandes multidões durante suas visitas nas mais prestigiosas universidades do mundo e permanece com plena energia em seu auge, produzindo livros inovadores e ensaios a cada passar de ano. Contudo, Latour descreve a si mesmo primeiramente como um filósofo, até mesmo um metafísico. E aqui está o grande paradoxo, pois seu impacto entre filósofos tem sido até agora mínimo. Nos círculos “continentais” em que eu viajo, Latour é raramente lido- ao invés disso, eu frequentemente me descubro na estranha posição de introduzir seu nome pela primeira vez aos filósofos que, diferente de Latour, são mais amplamente lidos no pensamento francês contemporâneo. A recente mudança de paradigma de Derrida e Foucault para Deleuze e Badiou tem feito pouco para alterar essa situação, já que o arsenal conceitual de Latour é tão estranho para o primeiro par de autores quanto é para o segundo. Mesmo jovens e ambiciosos filósofos que desejam a marca “ontologia relacional”, criado por Latour, frequentemente precisam de um incentivo reforçado para ler seus livros com mais seriedade, já que falham em encontrar esses livros por conta própria. Inicialmente eu estava na mesma posição, descobrindo os trabalhos de Latour apenas por acaso, através da recomendação de um conhecido, e, infelizmente, ao longo da minha educação, demorei para descobrir esses trabalhos.

[1] N.T: As belas artes (fine arts) são aquelas que possuem um propósito estritamente estético e/ou intelectual.
Delivery of Immunotherapeutic Nanoparticles to Tumors via Enzyme‐Directed Assembly
Authors: Battistella Claudia , Callmann Cassandra E. , Thompson Matthew P. , Yao Shiyin , Yeldandi Anjana V. , Hayashi Tomoko , Carson Dennis A. , Gianneschi Nathan C.
Published: October 2019

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers are prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization, with one block containing hydrophobic Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists and one block containing hydrophilic peptides as substrates for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A fluorescent label is incorporated into the polymer chains for in vivo imaging. Upon dialysis against aqueous solution, polymers form 15 nm spherical micelles. Subsequent exposure to MMP‐9 elicits a morphological change to yield immunostimulatory microscale assemblies. The intravenous (IV) administration of the formulation to mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer tumors results in nanoparticle accumulation in tumors, reduction in primary tumor growth, and inhibition of lung metastases, as compared to saline‐treated animals. Mice administered the parent immunotherapeutic small molecule (1V209) experience significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 at 2 h following IV administration, whereas the nanomaterial shows no increase over saline‐treated controls. These data suggest that covalently packaging low molecular weight immunotherapeutics at high weight percent loadings in enzyme‐responsive nanoparticles maintains drug efficacy while decreasing immunotoxicity, providing a platform for cancer immunotherapeutic delivery.
Suppressing Interfacial Dipoles to Minimize Open‐Circuit Voltage Loss in Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
Authors: Lim Hunhee , Kim Donghun , Choi Min‐Jae , Sargent Edward H. , Jung Yeon Sik , Kim Jin Young
Published: October 2019

Quantum‐dot (QD) photovoltaics (PVs) offer promise as energy‐conversion devices; however, their open‐circuit‐voltage (VOC) deficit is excessively large. Previous work has identified factors related to the QD active layer that contribute to VOC loss, including sub‐bandgap trap states and polydispersity in QD films. This work focuses instead on layer interfaces, and reveals a critical source of VOC loss: electron leakage at the QD/hole‐transport layer (HTL) interface. Although large‐bandgap organic materials in HTL are potentially suited to minimizing leakage current, dipoles that form at an organic/metal interface impede control over optimal band alignments. To overcome the challenge, a bilayer HTL configuration, which consists of semiconducting alpha‐sexithiophene (α‐6T) and metallic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is introduced. The introduction of the PEDOT:PSS layer between α‐6T and Au electrode suppresses the formation of undesired interfacial dipoles and a Schottky barrier for holes, and the bilayer HTL provides a high electron barrier of 1.35 eV. Using bilayer HTLs enhances the VOC by 74 mV without compromising the JSC compared to conventional MoO3 control devices, leading to a best power conversion efficiency of 9.2% (>40% improvement relative to relevant controls). Wider applicability of the bilayer strategy is demonstrated by a similar structure based on shallow lowest‐unoccupied‐molecular‐orbital (LUMO) levels.
Dimensionally Engineered Perovskite Heterostructure for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Heo Sung , Seo Gabseok , Cho Kyung Taek , Lee Yonghui , Paek Sanghyun , Kim Sung , Seol Minsu , Kim Seong Heon , Yun Dong‐Jin , Kim Kihong , Park Jucheol , Lee Jaehan , Lechner Lorenz , Rodgers Thomas , Chung Jong Won , Kim Ju‐Sik , Lee Dongwook , Choi Suk‐Ho , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: October 2019

Although 2D|3D has shown potential for application in multifunctional devices, the principle of operation for multifunction devices (SOLAR Cell‐LED: SOLED) has not yet been revealed. However, most studies have reported that the devices have only one auspicious characteristic. Here in this study the SOLED devices are monitored and investigated in a 2D|3D heterostructure with a multidimensional perovskite. It is fond that a 2D|3D heterostructure with a multidimensional perovskite interface induces carrier transmission from the interface, increasing the density of electrons and holes, and increasing their recombination. An interface‐engineered perovskite 2D|3D‐heterojunction structure is employed to realize the multifunctional photonic device in on‐chip, exhibiting overall power conversion efficiencies of photovoltaics up to 21.02% under AM1.5, and external quantum efficiency of the light‐emitting diode up to 5.13%. This novel phenomenon is attributed to carrier transfer resulting in a high carrier density and enhanced carrier recombination at the 2D|3D interface.
The Long Side of Reasoned Awards: Dispelling the Fallacy of Saying Too Much
Authors: Widman Stuart M.
Published: October 2019

Over a 31‐year career as an arbitrator, this author has repeatedly heard co‐panelists and other arbitrators urge restraint in drafting the final award.
A computational analysis of art historical linked data for assessing authoritativeness of attributions
Authors: Daquino Marilena
Published: October 2019

In this article a comparative analysis of art historical linked open data are presented. The result of the analysis is a conceptual framework of Information Quality (IQ) measures designed for validating contradictory sources of attribution on the basis of a documentary, evidence‐based approach. The aim is to develop an ontology‐based ranking model for recommending artwork attributions and support historians and catalogers' decision‐making process. The conceptual framework was evaluated by means of a user study and the evaluation of a web application leveraging the aforementioned ranking model. The results of the survey demonstrate that the findings satisfy users' expectations and are potentially applicable to other types of information in the arts and humanities field.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Wang Xing‐Zhizi , Tang Wei‐Zhong , Su Qun‐Ying , Yao Jin‐Guang , Huang Xiao‐Ying , Long Qin‐Qin , Wu Xue‐Min , Xia Qiang , Long Xi‐Dai
Published: October 2019

Previous studies have shown that single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4 (ADAMTS4) may involve in the pathogenesis of some diseases. However, it is not clear whether they are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A hospital‐based case‐control study, including 862 cases with HCC and 1120 controls, was conducted to assess the effects of 258 SNPs in the coding regions of ADAMTS4 on HCC risk and prognosis. We found that six SNPs in ADAMTS4 were differential distribution between cases and controls via the primary screening analyses; however, only rs538321148 and rs1014509103 polymorphisms were further identified to modify the risk of HCC (odds ratio: 2.73 and 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 2.28‐3.29 and 2.43‐3.58; P‐value, 5.73 × 10−27 and 1.36 × 10−27, respectively). Significant interaction between these two SNPs and two known causes of hepatitis B virus and aflatoxin B1 were also observed. Furthermore, rs538321148 and rs1014509103 polymorphisms were associated not only with clinicopathological features of tumor such as tumor stage and grade, microvessel density, and vessel metastasis, but with poor overall survival. Additionally, these SNPs significantly downregulated ADATMS4 expression in tumor tissues. These data suggest that SNPs in the coding region of ADAMTS4, such as rs538321148 and rs1014509103, may be potential biomarkers for predicting HCC risk and prognosis.
Helical tomotherapy for chemo‐refractory multiple liver metastases
Authors: Takaoka Taiki , Shibamoto Yuta , Murai Taro , Kobayashi Masanori , Sugie Chikao , Manabe Yoshihiko , Kondo Takuhito , Okazaki Dai , Yamada Yuki , Torii Akira
Published: October 2019

Background

Despite advances in chemotherapy, curing multiple liver metastases is quite rare. Even when response is obtained, regrowth of the tumors is almost inevitable. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of helical tomotherapy for chemo‐refractory multiple liver metastases.

Methods

Forty‐five patients with chemo‐refractory multiple (3‐10) liver metastases after standard systemic chemotherapy entered the single‐institutional prospective study. Liver metastases were the major disease; however, 31 also had uncontrolled primary lesions and/or other metastases. The prescribed dose was 55 Gy in 25 fractions. The median planning target volume (PTV) and normal liver volume (NLV) of first treatment were 128 cm3 and 1175 cm3, respectively. The median of V15Gy, V30Gy, and mean dose to NLV were 45%, 23%, and 19.4 Gy, respectively.

Results

Forty‐two patients (93%) completed the planned treatment. Median survival time (MST) for all patients was 8 months, and the 1‐year survival rate was 29%. The median local control (LC) period was 5 months and the 6‐month control rate of irradiated tumors was 33%. A ≥30% decrease in tumor markers was observed in 31%. The most common grade 3 toxicity was lymphocytopenia (40%), followed by fatigue (6%). Radiation‐induced liver disease (RILD) was not observed. Pancreatic cancer as the primary tumor, distant metastases outside the liver, low pretreatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and low pretreatment monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were associated with poorer prognoses.

Conclusions

Helical tomotherapy for chemo‐refractory multiple liver metastases is a feasible and potentially effective treatment. Incorporating tomotherapy into the first‐line treatment in combination with systemic chemotherapy should be considered.

Trial registration number

CROG 12005.
Unusual interatrial fistula discovered during device closure of an atrial septal defect
Authors: Lyon Shannon M. , Hoyer Mark H.
Published: October 2019

Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is a common reason for referral to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. We report a case in which a relatively large Qp:Qs of 1.85:1 was demonstrated in the face of a small secundum ASD. This led to further investigation, ultimately leading to the discovery of an unusual atrial fistula. Rare cases of interatrial tunnels have been described in the literature, however, this is a unique case of a left atrial appendage to right atrial appendage fistula in the setting of a right juxtaposed left atrial appendage.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Complex Fused Heterocycles through Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Aza‐Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Jarrige Lucie , Gandon Vincent , Masson Géraldine
Published: October 2019

A stable asymmetric intramolecular Povarov reaction has been established to provide an efficient method to access structurally diverse trans,trans‐trisubstituted tetrahydrochromeno[4,3‐b]quinolines in high stereoselectivities of up to >99:1 diastereomeric ratio and 99 % enantiomeric excess, without any purification step. Additionally, to facilitate large‐scale application of this method, a low catalyst loading protocol was employed, 0.2 mol % chiral phosphoric acid, which provided the cycloadducts without any loss in yield and enantioselectivity. Theoretical studies revealed that the reaction occurred through a sequential Mannich reaction and an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction, wherein the phosphoric acid acted as a bifunctional catalyst to activate the para‐phenolic dienophile and N‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐azadiene simultaneously.
A finite element approach for gastrointestinal tissue mechanics
Authors: Panda Satish K. , Buist Martin L.
Published: October 2019

The biomechanical properties of gastrointestinal (GI) tissue play a significant role in the normal functioning of the organ. GI soft tissues exhibit a highly nonlinear rate‐ and time‐dependent stress‐strain behaviour. In recent years, many constitutive relations have been proposed to characterize these properties. However, a constitutive relation is not sufficient to analyse the biomechanics at the organ level with complex loading and boundary conditions. Hence, for a refined mechanical analysis, a finite element (FE) implementation of the constitutive relation is needed. Here, we propose an FE implementation of a finite nonlinear hyperviscoelastic model suitable for soft biological tissues. The FE model has been validated at first by comparing its results with the analytical solutions of a standard linear solid, and then it has been used to recreate experimental observations performed on tissue strips obtained from different animals. We have also proposed a method, in this work, to construct a residually stressed FE model so that the consequences of residual stresses on GI mechanics can be examined. Our FE formulation was able to capture the nonlinear soft tissue properties and also demonstrated that the addition of residual stresses reduces stress concentrations and the stress gradient in the GI wall.
Analysis of tretoquinol and its metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Okano Masato , Miyamoto Asami , Sato Mitsuhiko , Kageyama Shinji
Published: October 2019

Tretoquinol (trimetoquinol), a β2‐agonist, has been explicitly listed on the World Anti‐Doping Agency Prohibited List 2019 since January 2019; however, it has been distributed as an antiasthmatic on the medical market. This study aimed to develop a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantification of tretoquinol (free form plus glucuronide) in human urine for doping control purposes. An excretion study (n = 6) of tretoquinol hydrochloride hydrate (6 mg) was performed, and urine samples were collected prior to oral administration and during the first 48 h, along with spot urine samples at 7 and 14 days after administration. All the urine samples were analysed using the developed method. The limit of detection for the developed method was 0.03 ng/mL. The inter‐day precision for the target analyte was excellent (2.7% to 9.2%), and the inter‐day accuracy of target analyte was −0.6% to −3.6%. In all subjects, tretoquinol (free form plus glucuronide conjugate) was identified up to 48 h after administration. The maximum concentrations were in the range of 12.4–78.8 ng/mL and the mean concentration was 55.3 ng/mL. The metabolites O‐methylated tretoquinol, tretoquinol sulphate and O‐methylated tretoquinol sulphate could be also identified in human urine after administration. The longest‐lasting urinary metabolite of tretoquinol currently known, O‐methylated tretoquinol, is also likely to be a useful marker in doping controls.
A multivariate spatial skew‐t process for joint modeling of extreme precipitation indexes
Authors: Hazra Arnab , Reich Brian J. , Staicu Ana‐Maria
Published: October 2019

To study trends in extreme precipitation across the United States over the years 1951–2017, we analyze 10 climate indexes that represent extreme precipitation, such as annual maximum of daily precipitation and annual maximum of consecutive five‐day average precipitation. We consider the gridded data produced by the CLIMDEX project (http://www.climdex.org/gewocs.html), constructed using daily precipitation data. These indexes exhibit spatial and mutual dependence. In this paper, we propose a multivariate spatial skew‐t process for joint modeling of extreme precipitation indexes and discuss its theoretical properties. The model framework allows Bayesian inference while maintaining a computational time that is competitive with common multivariate geostatistical approaches. In a numerical study, we find that the proposed model outperforms several simpler alternatives in terms of various model selection criteria. We apply the proposed model to estimate the average decadal change in the extreme precipitation indexes throughout the United States and find several significant local changes.
Caries removal with Er:YAG laser followed by dentin biomodification with carbodiimide and chitosan: Wettability and surface morphology analysis
Authors: Curylofo‐Zotti Fabiana A. , Fernandes Maria P. , Martins Amanda A. , Macedo Ana Paula , Nogueira Lucas Fabricio B. , Ramos Ana Paula , Corona Silmara A. M.
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to investigate dentin wettability and surface morphology after selective removal of carious lesion by erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, followed by dentin biomodification with carbodiimide (EDC) and chitosan (CHI). Seventy‐eight bovine dentin specimens were submitted to caries induction. Specimens were distributed according to methods of carious removal (n= 39): bur at low‐speed (40,000 rpm) or Er:YAG laser (noncontact mode, 250 mJ/pulse and 4Hz). All specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid, and subdivided according to dentin biomodification (n= 13): Control (no biomodification), EDC or CHI. The contact angle (n= 10) between adhesive system (3M ESPE) and dentin surface was measured by a goniometer. Eighteen specimens (n= 3) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = .05). The method used to remove carious lesion did not influence the wettability of dentinal surface (p= .748). The angles produced on the remaining dentin after biomodification were influenced (p= .007). CHI promoted higher contact angles (p= .007) and EDC did not differ from the control group (p= .586). In the bur‐treated group, most tubules were open, regardless of which biomodifier was used. Laser modified the organic matrix layer. CHI promoted partially closed tubules in some areas while EDC exposed dentinal tubules. Regardless of which method was used for selective removal of carious lesion, biomodification with EDC did not affect the dentin wettability, whereas CHI changed the wettability of remaining dentin. Both biomodifiers promoted a slight change on dentin morphology.
Identification of novel nonedible oil seeds via scanning electron microscopy for biodiesel production
Authors: Dawood Sumreen , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Ali Muhammad I. , Ahmad Khalid , Sultana Shazia , Usma Anwer , Nazish Moona , Butt Maryam A. , Ozdemir Fethi A. , Kilic Omer
Published: October 2019

Exploration of substitute energy feed‐stocks is the much‐debated topic in the scientific society due to increasing power crises and related ecological concerns. As a source of sustainable energy, biodiesel turns out to be the best alternative to petro fuels. In this context, nonedible oil‐producing seeds might be a potential source for biodiesel production owing to their environment‐friendly nature and cost‐effectiveness. The current study, consequently, deals with the investigation and identification of micro‐morphological characters between six novel nonedible oil‐bearing seeds employing scanning electron microscopy as possible biodiesel feed‐stocks. Light microscopic examinations show that seed size varies from 0.3 to 1.3 cm in width and 0.5 to 1.5 cm in. Additionally, a large difference in seed color ranges from dark brown, black, and various shades of light brown was also witnessed. The FFA content of the seeds ranges in 0.3–4.1 mg KOH/g, and the seed oil content fall in 30–65% (w/w) range. SEM‐mediated seed ultrastructure investigations displays greater variation in seed size, shape, color, periclinal wall shape, and sculpturing and so on. All the seeds differ from rounded, ovoid, ovate, oblong, flattened, and elliptical shape. Greater variation in seed wall structure has been seen from angular, entire, irregular, straight, elongated, smooth, and polygonal. The periclinal wall arrangements show alteration from flat, depressed, elevated, smooth, pentagonal, bullate, and coarse seed margins. The results obtained from the current study suggest that scanning electron microscopy could be a beneficial tool in vitalizing the hidden micromorphological characters among various nonedible oil producing seeds, which eventually helps in exploration, correct identification, seed classification, and authentication in future.
Introduction of enterprise risk management in neonatal intensive care unit to reduce breast milk errors
Authors: Shareef Maliha , Youngberg Barbara J
Published: October 2019

Preterm infants born before 34 weeks gestation are unable to feed by mouth. Mothers of these preterm infants are thus asked to pump breast milk to be fed to infants through a nasogastric tube. Each mother's pumped breast milk must be carefully labelled and stored so that it is not fed to the wrong baby during the infants stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, which can range from days to months. All hospitals have strict policies and procedures in place to ensure infants are fed their mother's milk but still occasional errors are reported. We looked at the effect of introducing the enterprise risk management method in preventing breast milk errors in our neonatal intensive care unit.
Noninvasive Identification of Herpetofauna: Pairing Conservation Dogs and Genetic Analysis
Authors: Statham Mark J. , (Smith) Woollett Deborah A. , Fresquez Susan , Pfeiffer Jerene , Richmond Jonathan , Whitelaw Alice , Richards Ngaio L. , Westphal Michael F. , Sacks Benjamin N.
Published: October 2019

Noninvasive fecal sampling combined with genetic analysis is a technique allowing the study of elusive or otherwise difficult to monitor species without the need for direct contact. Although this method is widely used in birds and mammals, it has never been successfully applied on a large scale in reptiles. The blunt‐nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila) is an endangered species endemic to the San Joaquin Desert, California, USA. Presently, acquiring data on the species for research and management involves more traditional methods such as live capture or visual surveys, the latter of which are required for regulatory monitoring in accordance with wildlife agency protocols. We used an approach for gathering additional information that combines conservation detection dogs trained to locate blunt‐nosed leopard lizard scat samples with genetic analysis for identifying and distinguishing among sympatric lizard species. We developed 2 polymerase chain reaction assays that produce fluorescently labelled amplicons of species‐specific fragment length for 6 lizard species in the study area. Using these assays, we genetically identified to species 78% (255 of 327) of samples collected by dog‐handler teams across 4 years. The majority of the genetically identified samples (82.4%; 210 of 255) were confirmed as originating from blunt‐nosed leopard lizards. Although an assessment of the viability of detection dogs in regulatory monitoring efforts is required, our ability to recover usable DNA and to differentiate among a diverse group of lizards highlights the broad potential of our methodology for noninvasive sampling in reptiles. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Effect of Bonded Interfacial Structure on Mechanical Properties of Polyimide/SiO2Composites: Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Wenlong , Liu Xinmei , Lin Jiaqi , Sun Hongguo
Published: October 2019

The effect of covalent bonds and the SiO2concentration on the interface structure and the performance of polyimide/SiO2(PI/SiO2) composites is investigated by molecular dynamic simulation. To enhance the interface interaction, the silica coupling agent is treated as a bridge to connect PI chains with SiO2particles. The SiO2content is controlled by adjusting the number of PI chains. The results show that the bonded interface structure not only increases the interfacial non‐bond energy and the number of the hydrogen bonds, but also strengthens the tensile strength, Young's modulus, shear modulus, and the glass transition temperature of the composites. As the SiO2concentration increases, the non‐bond interaction energy between each PI chain and SiO2particle increases and the non‐bond interaction energy in the bonded composites are higher than that of the unbonded. The number of hydrogen bonds in the bonded composites is sensitive to the SiO2concentration, but there is no obvious relationship in the unbonded composites. Young's modulus and shear modulus of PI/SiO2composites are higher than that of the unbonded at the same doping concentration. Therefore, establishing the bonded interface structure is an effective way to improve the interface stability and the properties of composite materials.
Sodium quantitation in soft drinks: A rapid methodology by qNMR
Authors: Ravaglia Luciana Marçal , Freitas Deisy dos Santos , Ricci Thiago Gomes , Nazario Carlos Eduardo Domingues , Alcantara Glaucia Braz
Published: October 2019

High sodium dietary intake has a positive association with an increase in blood pressure and can be correlated with risk factors of disease. Considering that the World Health Organization recommends a sodium intake lower than 2 g day‐1 for adults, the hidden sodium content in processed foods is an important factor that compromises the assessment of a healthy diet. Accordingly, the present paper aimed to quantitate the sodium content of conventional soft drinks and their diet versions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a quantitative analytical technique (23Na qNMR). The results show one free sodium signal (Na+) displayed as a singlet at 0 ppm in the 23Na NMR spectrum, making its quantitation highly specific. This signal alone was used to directly determine the concentration of sodium in soft drinks. Flame photometry analysis was used to validate the method, and an excellent linearity was found in qNMR analysis (r = 0.9994) in comparison with flame photometry (r = 0.9958). In addition, a good correlation was found between sodium concentrations obtained by 23Na NMR and flame photometry in the evaluated commercial soft drinks. Since the intensity of the resonance line is directly proportional to the number of nuclei (spins), the concentration of sodium in soft drinks can be determined via this straightforward method without the need for external calibration. The experimental acquisitions are fast (approximately 15 min), allowing the analysis of several samples in a short period of time. This is a novel alternative for sodium quantitation using an efficient NMR methodology.
NMR spectrocopy of organolithium compounds, part XXXIV: Cyclopropyllithium and lithium bromide (1:1) in diethylether/tetrahydrofuran—Identification of a fluxional mixed tetramer
Authors: Eppers Oswald , Günther Harald
Published: October 2019

Cyclopropyllithium, C3H5Li (1), was studied in the presence of one equivalent lithium bromide (LiBr) in diethylether (DEE)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixtures and in THF as solvents. Increasing the THF concentration in DEE/THF leads in the 6Li NMR spectrum to a main signal (S1) at δ0.85 (rel. to ext. LiBr/THF) and a second resonance (S2) at δ0.26 aside from a minor component at δ0.07. In pure THF, the ratio of these signals was 66: 28:6. 6Li and 13C NMR allowed to identify the main signal as belonging to a mixed dimer, 1•LiBr, and the signal at 0.26 ppm to a fluxional mixed tetramer, 12•(LiBr)2. 1J(13C,6Li) coupling constants of 11.0 and 9.8 Hz were measured at 168 K for S1 and S2, respectively, and chemical exchange between both signals was detected by 2D 6Li,6Li exchange spectroscopy and analyzed by temperature‐dependent 1D 6Li line‐shape calculations. These yielded the equilibrium constants Keq for the chemical exchange Li4(C3H5)2Br2 ⇌ 2 Li2C3H5Br. Their temperature dependence leads to van't Hoff parameters of ΔH° = 4.6 kJ/mol, ΔS° = 41.4 J/mol K, and ΔG°298 = −7.8 kJ/mol. From the rate constants k, Eyring parameters of ΔH* = 42.0 kJ/mol, ΔS* = 33.0 J/mol K, and ΔG*298 = 32.2 kJ/mol were calculated for the forward reaction Li4(C3H5)2Br2 → 2 Li2C3H5Br and ΔH* = 37.5 kJ/mol, ΔS* = −8.4 J/mol K, and ΔG*238 = 40.0 kJ/mol for the reverse reaction 2Li2C3H5Br → Li4(C3H5)2Br2.
Two‐dimensional subband Steiglitz–McBride algorithm for automatic analysis of two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Ali Raza , Dmochowski Pawel A. , Teal Paul D.
Published: October 2019

Rapid, accurate, and automatic quantitation of two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance(2D‐NMR) data is a challenging problem. Recently, a Bayesian information criterion based subband Steiglitz–McBride algorithm has been shown to exhibit superior performance on all three fronts when applied to the quantitation of one‐dimensional NMR free induction decay data. In this paper, we demonstrate that the 2D Steiglitz–McBride algorithm, in conjunction with 2D subband decomposition and the 2D Bayesian information criterion, also achieves excellent results for 2D‐NMR data in terms of speed, accuracy, and automation—especially when compared in these respects to the previously published analysis techniques for 2D‐NMR data.
Unipolar MR elastography: Theory, numerical analysis and implementation
Authors: Guenthner Christian , Sethi Sweta , Troelstra Marian , van Gorkum Robbert J.H. , Gastl Mareike , Sinkus Ralph , Kozerke Sebastian
Published: October 2019

In MR elastography (MRE), zeroth moment balanced motion‐encoding gradients (MEGs) are incorporated into MRI sequences to induce a phase shift proportional to the local displacement caused by external actuation. To maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), fractional encoding is employed, i.e., the MEG duration is reduced below the wave period. Here, gradients encode primarily the velocity of the motion‐reducing encoding efficiency. Thus, in GRE‐MRE, T2* decay and motion sensitivity have to be balanced, imposing a lower limit on repetition times (TRs).

We propose to use a single trapezoidal gradient, a “unipolar gradient”, to directly encode spin displacement. Such gradients cannot be used in conventional sequences as they exhibit a large zeroth moment and dephase magnetization. By time‐reversing a spoiled SSFP sequence, the spoiling gradient becomes an efficient unipolar MEG. The proposed “unipolar MRE” technique benefits from this approach in three ways: first, displacement encoding is split over multiple TRs increasing motion sensitivity; second, spoiler and MEG coincide, allowing a reduction in TR; third, motion sensitivity of a typical unipolar lobe is of an order of magnitude higher than a bipolar MEG of equal duration.

In this work, motion encoding using unipolar MRE is analyzed using the extended phase graph (EPG) formalism with a periodic motion propagator. As an approximation, the two‐transverse TR approximation for diffusion‐weighted SSFP is extended to incorporate cyclic motion. A complex encoding efficiency metric is introduced to compare the displacement fields of unipolar and conventional GRE‐MRE sequences in both magnitude and phase. The derived theoretical encoding equations are used to characterize the proposed sequence using an extensive parameter study. Unipolar MRE is validated against conventional GRE‐MRE in a phantom study showing excellent agreement between measured displacement fields. In addition, unipolar MRE yields significantly increased octahedral shear strain‐SNR relative to conventional GRE‐MRE and allows for the recovery of high stiffness inclusions, where conventional GRE‐MRE fails.
Essential Amino Acid–Enabled Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals with High Stability
Authors: Sharma Ajeet Kumar , Bansal Parul , Nim Gaurav Kumar , Kar Prasenjit
Published: October 2019

This work reports the first synthesis of MAPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) using amino acids as the ligand with excellent optical properties. A variety of amino acids are used to optimize the luminescence properties. A mechanochemical approach has taken lead over conventional colloidal chemistry during synthesis. All morphological and optical studies are performed to characterize the synthesized perovskite nanoparticles. Later, stability studies are investigated through thermogravimetric analysis, temperature‐dependent photoluminescence, time‐dependent X‐ray diffraction, as well as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In an application, interestingly, these perovskites show high luminescence upon scratching on flexible conducting plates and on plain paper surface. These results suggest that the amino acid–ligated perovskite nanocrystals can be potential materials for optoelectronic application including light‐emitting diodes and imaging.
OZM Ball Drop Impact Tester (BIT‐132) vs. BAM Standard Method – a Comparative Investigation
Authors: Gruhne Michael S. , Lommel Marcus , Wurzenberger Maximilian H. H. , Szimhardt Norbert , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: October 2019

Safety, performance, cost efficient synthesis and toxicity are the most important aspects of modern explosives. Sensitivity measurements are performed in accordance with different protocols all around the world. Sometimes the BAM drop hammer does not accurately reflect the sensitivity of an energetic material, in particular the sensitivity of primary explosives. Therefore, we present here preliminary results obtained using the novel ball drop tester (BIT‐132), manufactured by OZM research, following MIL‐STD‐1751 A (method 1016). The ball drop impact sensitivity tester is a device in which a free‐falling steel ball is dropped onto an unconfined sample, and is expected to produce more realistic results than the currently commonly used BAM method. The results obtained using the probit analysis were compared to those from the BAM drop hammer and friction tester. The following sensitive explosives were investigated: HMTD, TATP, TAT, Tetrazene, MTX‐1, KDNBF, KDNP, K2DNABT, Lead Styphnate Monohydrate, DBX‐1, Nickel(II) Hydrazine Nitrate, Silver Acetylide, AgN3, Pb(N3)2 RD‐1333, AgCNO, and Hg(CNO)2.
Design structure matrix‐based modularization approach for complex systems with multiple design constraints
Authors: Sinha Kaushik , Han Seok‐Youn , Suh Eun Suk
Published: October 2019

Designing a complex system generally requires its decomposition into smaller modular constituents for the ease of design, integration, operation, and future upgrades. Typically, system decomposition analysis is conducted using an abstract system model during the initial system design stage. The design structure matrix (DSM) has been a popular tool for abstract system modeling. In the DSM, systems are modeled and decomposed into modular configurations using published clustering algorithms. In this paper, we present a novel approach for system architecture decomposition and modularization based on the DSM, which can incorporate multiple design constraints into clustering algorithms. Two clustering algorithms are modified to accommodate the system design constraints. The modified algorithms are used to decompose a static inverter (SIV) of an electrical train into modular configurations that include various design constraints. Finally, the results and analysis of the SIV modularization using new modified clustering algorithms are presented.
Causal propagation of constraints in bimetric relativity in standard 3+1 form
Authors: Kocic Mikica
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The goal of this work was to investigate the propagation of the constraints in the ghost-free bimetric theory where the evolution equations are in standard 3+1 form. It is established that the constraints evolve according to a first-order symmetric hyperbolic system whose characteristic cone consists of the null cones of the two metrics. Consequently, the constraint evolution equations are well-posed, and the constraints stably propagate.
Elementary Polynomial Identities Involving $$\varvec{q}$$-Trinomial Coefficients
Authors: Berkovich Alexander , Uncu Ali Kemal
Published: October 2019

We use the q-binomial theorem to prove three new polynomial identities involving q-trinomial coefficients. We then use summation formulas for the q-trinomial coefficients to convert our identities into another set of three polynomial identities, which imply Capparelli’s partition theorems when the degree of the polynomial tends to infinity. This way we also obtain an interesting new result for the sum of the Capparelli’s products. We finish this paper by proposing an infinite hierarchy of polynomial identities.
Neue hämodynamische Definition der pulmonalen Hypertonie
Authors: Apitz C. , Abdul-Khaliq H. , Albini S. , Beerbaum P. , Dubowy K. O. , Gorenflo M. , Hager A. , Hansmann G. , Hilgendorff A. , Humpl T. , Kaestner M. , Koestenberger M. , Kozlik-Feldmann R. , Latus H. , Michel-Behnke I. , Miera O. , Quandt D. , Sallmon H. , Schranz D. , Schulze-Neick I. , Stiller B. , Warnecke G. , Pattathu J. , Lammers A. E.
Published: October 2019

Eine pathologische Druckerhöhung im pulmonalen Gefäßsystem (pulmonale Hypertonie, PH) wurde bisher definiert durch einen invasiv gemessenen mittleren pulmonalarteriellen Druck (mPAP) ≥25 mm Hg in Ruhe. Auf dem 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) in Nizza 2018 wurde eine neue Definition der PH vorgeschlagen, die die Senkung der Obergrenze des normalen mPAP von 24 auf 20 mm Hg beinhaltet.

Obwohl keine Evidenz aus pädiatrischen Studien hierfür vorliegt, wurde diese neue PH-Definition (mPAP >20 mm Hg) aus Gründen der Einheitlichkeit auch von der pädiatrischen „Task Force“ des WSPH 2018 übernommen.

Die vorliegende Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pulmonale Hypertonie (AGPH) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Kardiologie und angeborene Herzfehler e. V. (DGPK) erläutert die zugrunde liegende Rationale und mögliche Konsequenzen dieser Definitionsänderung. Insbesondere stellt sie klar, dass diese Änderung der Definition aktuell keinen Einfluss auf die Verschreibung von Medikamenten zur gezielten spezifischen Therapie der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie hat.
The magic carpet: an arbitrary spectrum wave maker for internal waves
Authors: Dobra Thomas E. , Lawrie Andrew G. W. , Dalziel Stuart B.
Published: October 2019

We present a novel apparatus for generating internal waves of arbitrary size and shape, including both phase-locked and propagating waves. It is an actively driven, flexible “magic carpet” in the base of a tank. Our wave maker is computer-controlled to enable easy configuration. The actuation of a smooth, flexible surface produces clean waveforms with a predictable spectrum, for which we derive a theoretical model. We demonstrate the versatility of our wave maker through an experimental study of linear and nonlinear, isolated, and combined internal waves, including some that are sufficiently nonlinear to break remote from their source.

Graphic abstract
Clinical outcomes of lumbar diseases specific test in patients who undergo endoscopy-assisted tubular surgery with lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus: an analysis using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ)
Authors: Komatsu Jun , Iwabuchi Masumi , Endo Tatsuya , Fukuda Hironari , Kusano Keigo , Miura Takuya , Sato Keita , Kaneko Kazuo , Shirado Osamu
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This study was to evaluate clinical outcomes using a patient-oriented test that scores health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients after minimally invasive surgery using microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for lumbar disc hernia. Few studies regarding MED in terms of disease-specific quality of life measures using Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) have been published.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the surgical and clinical outcomes with regard to reducing pain and improving the functional status for 31 patients who underwent MED for lumbar disc hernia was conducted. These patients were evaluated at 3-year follow-up. The evaluations were based on a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system, and the JOABPEQ, which is an objective, patient-oriented test that assesses HRQOL in patients with lumbar disorders.

Results

A low rate of improvement was seen only in mental health until 1 year, the low rate of improvement in mental health and was independently correlated with body mass index (BMI), pre-operative scores on the Brief Scale for Psychiatric problems in Orthopaedic Patients (BS-POP), and scores on the BS-POP at 12 months post-operatively.

Conclusions

All categories of VAS, JOA scores, and all domains of JOABPEQ were significantly higher over 3 years than those obtained pre-operatively. But only mental health domain showed mild improvement until 1 year. Moreover, BMI showed a negative correlation with improvements in the mental health domain post-operatively. As patients may be mentally exhausted from lumbar disc herniation, pre-operative mental health may be improved by surgical treatment.
The company you keep: health behavior among work peers
Authors: Pruckner Gerald J. , Schober Thomas , Zocher Katrin
Published: October 2019

There is widespread agreement that behavior crucially influences one’s health. However, little is known about what actually determines health-related behavior. We explore the impact of the place where many people spend most of their time, at work, and analyze whether an individual’s decision to participate in health screening is related to the observed behavior of peers at work. We use linked employer–employee data and exploit the transitions of workers to new jobs. We find that the health behavior of co-workers highly correlated. A comparison of individuals moving into new firms shows that participation in general health checks, mammography screening, and prostate-specific antigen tests increases with the share of work peers attending these screenings. To differentiate between peer effects and common influences at the workplace, we further separate the peer groups within firms and show that workers with similar characteristics tend to have a stronger effect on individual screening participation.