bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Triphasic Bone Graft for the Treatment of Pediatric Bone Cysts: Experience at 2 Institutions
Authors: Zhang Ting , Price Charles T. , McCarthy James J. , Nguyen Jie , Noonan Kenneth J.
Published: August 2018

Unicameral/aneurysmal bone cysts can lead to pain, fracture, and limb deformity. In this study, the authors evaluated the outcome of triphasic bone graft to treat unicameral/aneurysmal bone cysts. They retrospectively evaluated 41 immature patients from a prospectively enrolled cohort from 2 institutions treated from May 9, 2007, to November 1, 2014. Medical record review and evaluation of radiographs and computed tomography scans were performed. The authors characterized replacement of the material by normal bone or recurrent cyst at final follow-up. They recorded rates of fractures and complications after treatment. Twenty-nine patients were treated in Wisconsin, and 12 patients were treated in Florida. Average follow-up was 2.8 years. At follow-up, 13 of 41 patients had cyst recurrence. Three patients had fracture after initial treatment; 2 were treated surgically. Two of 9 patients with extraosseous bone graft had soft tissue swelling, and 1 required debridement. Complications did not differ by cyst type, location, sex, age, or use of internal fixation. For 27 patients with at least 2-year follow-up, percent fill of triphasic bone graft at initial surgery correlated with rate of recurrence at final follow-up: 15 of 27 patients with no cyst recurrence at final follow-up had a mean of 100% initial fill, and 12 of 27 with cyst recurrence at final follow-up had a mean of 90% initial fill (
P
=.048). Using triphasic bone graft for the treatment of unicameral/aneurysmal bone cysts, the authors observed a 7% rate of clinical recurrence (3 of 41 had fracture). Because this material has the potential to be locally inflammatory, efforts are needed to keep it within the bone. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):e705–e712.]
Aportación al debate sobre las reorientaciones científicas en las relaciones naturaleza-sociedad
Authors: Mateu I Giral Jaume
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad aproximarse a la comprensión de los mecanismos básicos que permiten avanzar en el conocimiento del funcionamiento del medio físico y social, así como sus interacciones. El objetivo se lleva a cabo a partir del modelo teórico posibilista, de su enriquecimiento a través de las aportaciones estructuralistas (como la Teoría General de los Sistemas) y de perspectivas teóricas recientes, como las basadas en la Teoría del Cambio Global.
Desarticulación del mundo rural: el envejecimiento en Castilla y León
Authors: González González María Jesús
Published: August 2018

El envejecimiento de la población es un proceso reciente cuyas repercusiones sociales y económicas son aún imprevisibles. En España, este proceso tiene características específicas en su evolución, estructura y en una distribución espacial desigual.Los rasgos estructurales, que permiten una valoración de la dinámica de un grupo, no dan una visión optimista de Castilla-León, debido al índice de envejecimiento registrado. Este progresivo deterioro regenerativo se debe al descenso de los nacimientos y la falta de personas jóvenes.

[fr] Le viellissement de la population est un progression récent dont répercussions sociales et économiques sont même qui ne peut être pas puévu. En Espagne, cette progression a caractéristiques particulières dans son evolution, et en une distribution de l'espace inégal. Les trits structuraux qui permettent une valorisation de la djmamique d'un groupe, ne donnent pas une vision optimiste de Castilla-León, à causede l'indice de viellissement enregistré, cette progressive detériorisation régénératrice est due au déclin des naissances et à un manque de jaunesse.
Factores de localizacion en la industria electrónica de la region madrileña
Authors: Murillo Castillejo José
Published: August 2018

Suele asociarse el problema de la localización industrial con la búsqueda de un lugar concreto y dentro de éste de un emplazamiento adecuado. En este artículo concretamos el primero en la región metropolitana madrileña, y el segundo en los diferentes espacios productivos que la integran, tratando de definir una tipología de los mismos en función del asentamiento en el interior de la ciudad, en zonas industriales o en los conocidos como parques tecnológicos. Concretamos el análisis para un sector, la industria electrónica, que ha tenido un importante desarrollo a lo largo de los años ochenta en la Comunidad de Madrid, pero que con la crisis económica posterior ha visto reducir el número de empleos y en menor medida los establecimientos. Un sector por otro lado, que en su rama de las telecomunicaciones, se configura no sólo como un factor generador de crecimiento sino también como una condición infrae structural necesaria para el desarrollo económico de la región.

[fr] Le problème de la localisation industrielle est fréquemment associé à celui de la selection d' une région et, à l'intérieur de celle-ci, à celle d'un espace concret. Dans cet article nous analysons la première question dans la région de Madrid. Quand à la deuxième, il s'agit des espaces productifs à l'intérieur de la région; on essaye de définir les zones industrielles et les parks technologiques. Le travail traite de l'industrie électronique, un secteur qui a subi un développement important dans la Communauté de Madrid pendant les années 80. Cependant, à la suite de la crise économique, il a éprouvé una réduction du nombre d'emplois et, dans une moindre mesure, des établissements industriels. Il s'agit d'un secteur dont la branche de télécommunications se présente clairement comme un déterminant de croissance et comme une infrastructure nécessaire au développement économique de la région madrilène.
Una aproximación al estudio de la concentración industrial
Authors: Mayoral M. M.
Published: August 2018

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión de la concentración industrial desde el punto de vista de su medición y de la problemática que ello plantea. Este concepto así como su cuantificación es im tema con importantes aplicaciones en diferentes campos de investigación entre los que se encuentra la Geografía Industrial.
Dehesas de Sierra Morena y políticas agroambientales comunitarias
Authors: Ojeda Rivera Juan F. , Silva Pérez Rocío
Published: August 2018

Este artículo es una reflexión sobre las aplicaciones de las políticas agroambientales comunitarias en las dehesas de Sierra Morena. Tras la presentación de los principios reguladores de las dehesas tradicionales y el análisis de su desarticulación en la etapa desarroUista, se intenta averiguar las posibilidades que ofrecen las políticas comunitarias para restablecer este agrosistema. La principal conclusión del estudio es que las medidas aplicadas no están produciendo el efecto positivo esperado. Los programas con una mayor incidencia (primas ganaderas, programa de reforestación, indemnizaciones compensatorias...) no han sido diseñados pensando en la recuperación de la dehesa, de haí que no pasen de incidir de manera aislada en cada uno de sus componentes, sin tener en cuenta las repercusiones sobre el conjimto. En definitiva, se termina abogando por la búsqueda de una estrategia globalizadora para la recuperación de este agrosistema, cimentada en la secular sabiduría que tienen de este espacio y estos paisajes sus pobladores de siempre.

[fr] Cet article est une réflexion sur les applications des politiques agro-environementales communautaires dans les «dehesas» de Sierra Morena. Après la presentation des principes régulateurs des «dehesas» traditionelles et l'analyse de sa desarticulation lors de l'étape de développemente (années 60), nous essayons de vérifier les possibilitésqu'offrent les politiques communautaires pour rétablir cet agrosystème. La pricipale conclusion de l'étude est que les mesures appliquées ne produisent pas l'effect attendu. Les programmes ayant le plus d'incidence (prime à l'élevage, programme de reforestation, indemnisations compensatoires...) n'ont pas été développés en pensant à la récupération de la «dehesa» comme systèmes à part entière, ce qui ne veut pourtant pas dire qu'ils n'aient pas une influence isolée sur chacun de ses composants, mais ils n'ont pas de répercution sur l'ensemble. Enfln, nous terminons en plaidant pour la recherche d'une stratégie globalisante permettant la sauvegarde de cet agro-système, ancrée dans la culture ancestrale de ses populations et traduite dans l'espace et les paysages.
El impacto territorial del proceso de terciarización industrial
Authors: Sánchez Moral Simón
Published: August 2018

El impacto territorial del proceso de terciarización industrial. El trabajo trata de analizar el proceso de terciarización de la industria (traducido éste en un aumento de los llamados servicios internos y en la externalización de un gran volumen de servicios a la producción), desde el punto de vista de la reorganización territorial desencadenada y de la difícil interpretación de las tendencias de localización de un sector tan estratégico como son los servicios a las empresas. En este sentido, el artículo, aunque con carácter de presentación general de la cuestión, aspira a cubrir el déficit de investigaciones que, desde nuestro punto de vista, existe en esta materia.

[fr] Répercussions spatiates du procès de tertiarisation industrielle. Soit que le procès de tertiarisation industrielle se traduit par l'accroissement des nommés cervices internes et par l'externalisation d'un gran nombre de cervices á la production, ce travail prétend son analyse du point de vue de la réorganisation territoriale qu'il en déchaîne et la difficile interprétation des tendances de localisation d'un secteur si stratégique que les cervices aux intreprises. En ce sens, cet article, même que présentation genérale de la question, pourvoit à une recherche scientifique qui, à nôtre avis, est déficitaire.
Análisis y valoración de los sistemas de evaluación de suelos en España. Evolución, tendencias actuales y perspectivas futuras
Authors: Año Vidal C. , Sánchez Díaz J. , Antolín Tomás C.
Published: August 2018

En España la Evaluación de Suelos, dentro del contexto de la Edafología Aplicada, ha tenido un desarrollo muy tardío y, sobre todo, una evolución muy dependiente de las metodologías internacionales más significativas: la Clasificación de Capacidades Agrológicas, el sistema paramétrico de Riquier, Bramao y Cornet, y los procedimientos de evaluación establecidos por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación. Analizamos las principales características metodológicas y las ventajas e inconvenientes que conllevan la aplicación de estos sistemas de evaluación, cuestionando la vigencia de estas metodologías y justificamos la necesidad de establecer un marco metodológio propio, adaptado a las condiciones biofísicas de nuestro territorio. La cartografía de suelos del Plan Nacional de Cartografía Temática Ambiental refleja esta situación, incorporando el Indicador de Capacidad y de Vulnerabilidad como elementos metodológicos innovadores en la valoración del recurso suelo.

[fr] En Espagne l'Evaluation des Sols, dans le contexte de l'Edaphologie Appliquée, a eu un développement très tardit et, surtout, une évolution très dependente des méthodologies internationales les plus significatives: la Classification del Capacités Agrologiques, le système paramétrique de Riquier, Bramao et Cornet et les procédés d'évaluation établis par l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation. Nous analysons les principales caractéristiques méthologiques ainsi comme les avantages et les inconvénients dérivés de leur application. Le résultat est une mise en question de la validité de ces méthodologies. C'est ainsi que nous justifions le besoin d'établir un cadre méthodologique propre adapté aux conditions biophysiques de l'Espagne. La cartographie des sols du Plan National de Cartographie de l'Environnement nous montre cette situation tout en incluant de l'Indicateur de Capacité et celui de Vulnétabilité comme des éléments méthologiques innovateurs dans la valoration la ressource sol.
La transformación del paisaje en la sierra pobre de Madrid. Influencia de la agricultura y ganadería en la extinción local de los pinares
Authors: Pardo Fernando , Gil Luis
Published: August 2018

La transformación del paisaje en la Sierra Pobre de Madrid, influencia de la agricultura y la ganadería en la extinción local de los pinares. En el presente trabajo se repasan los principales cambios ocurridos en el paisaje forestal de la Sierra Pobre de Madrid desde la Reconquista. El destino de las distintas especies arbóreas fue bastante diferente debido tanto a razones ecológicas como históricas. En este sentido las formaciones de pinar desaparecieron casi en la totalidad del área de estudio mientras que gran parte de los robledales han permanecido hasta la actualidad aunque reducidos y transformados. Finalmente se señala el riesgo de no considerar los factores históricos en la interpretación de los bosques. Por esta causa pueden no incluirse en los modelos de dinámica vegetal especies localmente extinguidas o sobrevalorar a las especies menos afectadas por la intervención antrópica.

[fr] La transformation du paysage dans la Sierra Pobre de Madrid: influence de l'agriculture et de l'élevage dans la extinction local des pinèdes. Dans le présent travail sont analysées les principaux changementes qui ont eu lieu dans le paysage forestier de la Sierra Pobre de Madrid depuis la Reconquête (XIIème siècle). Les raissons historiques et écolgiques ont eu une influence différent sur chaqu'éssence forestier: les pinèdes ont presque disparu, tandis qu'une grande partie des rouvraies ont resté jusqu'au présent, bien que réduites et transformés. On remarque le risque de ne pas prendre en consideration les facteurs historiques dans l'interprétation des forets: des essences disparues ne sont pas prises en consideration dans les modèles de dynamique végétale, vis à vis de l'importance donné aux essences adaptées a l'action de l'homme.
El parque de la Casa de Campo en la estructura urbana de Madrid. Evolución histórica
Authors: Perez-Soba Diez Del Corral Ignacio
Published: August 2018

El Parque de la Casa de Campo de Madrid posee una gran originalidad por diversos motivos, fundamentalmente históricos: creado por Felipe II a mediados del siglo XVI y ampliado decisivamente por Fernando VI y Carlos III, fue posesión real hasta 1931. Desde entonces, sucesivos planes urbanísticos han tratado de integrar tan original posesión en la estructura urbana de Madrid. El artículo pasa revista a los sucesivos planes, desde los decimonónicos jamás realizados hasta aquéllos que han marcado de forma decisiva, y a veces irreversible, la ordenación y conservación de la Casa de Campo, fundamentalmente a los planes de Fernández de los Ríos (1868), Lorite y Alvarez Naya (1933), el Plan General de Madrid (1942), el del Patrimonio Forestal del Estado (1954) y el PGOUAMM de 1965, que establecieron limitaciones difícilmente superables para el PGOUM de 1985 y quizá, el PGOUM de 1997. Con ello se trata de descubrir los errores recurrentes a la hora de la ordenación de las zonas verdes en Madrid, y el establecer de qué manera el futuro de este Parque tan importante, y tan poco conocido por los madrileños, viene limitado por decisiones tomadas hace.ya muchos años.
Reflexiones sobre el espacio geográfico y su enseñanza
Authors: Arroyo Ilera Fernando , Pérez Boldo Amparo
Published: August 2018

Reflexiones sobre el espacio y su enseñanza. Se pretende resumir los principales problemas de la enseñanza de la Geografía teniendo presente tanto las características científicas de esta disciplina, como las necesidades del aprendizaje de los alumnos según la Psicología cognitiva. El problema esencial radica en la enseñanza del «espacio geográfico» tanto desde el punto de vista declarativo como procedimental. Para ello se resumen distintas perspectivas sobre el concepto de espacio geográfico y se sugieren procedimientos para facilitar los procesos de su enseñanza y aprendizaje.

[fr] Reflexions sur l'espace géographique et son enseignement. Il sagit de résumer les pricipaux problèmes de l'enseignement de la Géographie en tenant compte tout autant les caractéristiques de cette discipline, comme les besoins d'apprentissages des élèves d'après la Psicologie cognitive. Le problème essentiel se panserait dans l'enseignement de «l'espace géographique» autant du point de vue déclaratif comme du point de vue processif. Nous résumons diverses perspectives de la conception de l'espace géographique et nous suggérons des processus pour rendre plus facile le développement et le procès de son enseignement et de son apprentissage.
Los desastres naturales y la geografía contemporánea
Authors: Buj Buj Antonio
Published: August 2018

Los desastres naturales y la geografía contemporánea. La geografía contemporánea empezó a integrar los eventos calamitosos en sus reflexiones epistemológicas gracias a la geografía de las calamidades, cuyas primeras formulaciones aparecieron hacia 1920, de la mano de Raoul Montandon. La obra más importante de éste fue la revista Matériaux pour l'Etude des Calamités. La otra reflexión epistemológica importante sobre las calamidades naturales se desarrolló en Estados Unidos, gracias a la iniciativa de los alumnos de Gilbert F. White. En la década de los sesenta, L Burton, R.W. Kates y el mismo White, empezaron a plantear la llamada geografía de los riesgos. Esta empezó pronto a ser calificada de tecnocrática por la llamada geografía radical, como resultado de la aplicación del análisis marxista. La disciplina recuperaba así algunos de los presupuestos iniciales de la geografía de las calamidades; aquellos que ponían énfasis en el carácter social de las catástrofes naturales. Estos modelos de investigación, junto al trabajo en otras disciplinas, han ayudado a crear un marco de nuevas sensibilidades frente a las mismas.

[fr] Les désastres naturels et la géographie contemporaine. La géographie contemporaine a commencé à intégrer les faits calamiteux dans leurs réflexions épistémologiques à partir de la géographie des calamités dont les premières formulations son apparues vers 1920, de la main de Raoul Montandon. Une de ses oeuvres les plus importantes a été Matériaux pour l'Étude des Calamités. L'autre réflexion épistemologique importante sur les calamités naturelles s'est développée aux États-Unis à partir de l'iniciative des élèves de Gilbert F. White. Dans les années 60, L Burton, R.W. Kates et White commenceront à poser la géographie des risques. Celle-ci fut qualifiée rapidement de technocrate par la géographie radicale, résultat de l'application de l'analyse marxiste. La discipline récupérait ainsi quelques principes iniciaux de la géographie des calamités; par exemple ceux qui ponaient l'accent sur le caractère social des catastrophes naturelles. Ces modèles d'investigation et le travail efectué dans d'autres disciplines ont aidé à créer un marc de nouvelles sensibilités en relations aux mêmes.
Industrias lácteas en España: Central Lechera Asturiana
Authors: Feo Parrondo Francisco
Published: August 2018

Industrias lácteas en España: Central Lechera Asturiana. En este trabajo analizamos la evolución y situación actual de la mayor industria láctea española encuadrándola dentro de un análisis del sector en Asturias y España. Se revisan aspectos organizativos, evolución económica, expansión territorial, diversificación productiva, etc.

[fr] Industrie laitière espagnole: Central Lechera Asturiana. Dans ce travail, nous analysons l'évolution et situation actuelle de la plus grande industrie laitière espagnole, dans le cadre d'une étude sur le secteur dans Asturias et en Espagne. Les points analysés sont les aspects organisationnels, l'évolution économique, l'expansion territoriale, la diversification de la production, etc.
Geografía comercial aplicada y política urbana: metodología y resultados en el caso de Tres Cantos (Madrid)
Authors: Moreno Jiménez Antonio
Published: August 2018

Las tensiones originadas por los cambios urbanos y en la distribución comercial y de servicios están haciendo brotar la necesidad del asesoramiento por parte de expertos, tanto a las empresas, coma a los organismos públicos para adoptar decisiones estratégicas. En este articulo se resumen las lineas maestras de un estudio que se orientó a proveer de un diagnostico de la situación y de propuestas, en materia comercial, para informar la política municipal de la ciudad nueva de Tres Cantos, sita en el área metropolitana de Madrid.

[fr] Les tensions dues aux changements urbains, commerciales et des services ont stimulé le besoin de conseil des experts aux entreprises privées et aussi aux organismes publiques pour orienter ses décisions stratégiques. Dans cet article on expose le contenu essentiel d'un étude plus ample réalisé pour procurer un diagnostique de la situation actuelle et des propositions, concernant au secteur commercial, pour orienter la politique communale de la ville nouvelle de Tres Cantos, appartenant a l'aire métropolitaine de Madrid.
Indicadores en geografía social
Authors: Olivera Ana
Published: August 2018

Indicadores en Geografía Social. Reflexión y propueta de debate sobre el valor y la necesidad de los indicadores en Geografía Social. Se presenta una tipología, los factores recientes que inducen a la creación de indicadores y nuevos indicadores sintéticos de nivel mundial.

[fr] Indicateurs en Gégraphie Sociale. La réflexion qui suit s'inscrit dans le nécessaire débat sur les indicateurs en Géographie Sociale et son utilité. On y pésente ime tjrpologie, les récents intérêts thématiques et les nouveaux indicateurs synthétiques de niveau mondial.
Township churches of Tshwane as potential change agents for local economic development: An empirical missiological study
Authors: Mangayi Lukwikilu C.
Published: August 2018

This article contributes towards ascertaining the potential of township churches as change agents for local economic development (LED) in Tshwane. Five church leaders (i.e. two from Soshanguve and three from Hammanskraal) were engaged through personal interviews to gain insights from them about their churches’ praxes and mission orientations in relation to community building, including LED in Tshwane. Based on these personal interviews, it was established that these churches have assets as well as current ministries that could be stepping-stones for LED.
Retail Buying
Authors: Clodfelter Richard
Published: August 2018

“The best retail buying book available. It combines concepts with actual calculations. This provides you with a better understanding of the topics.” Katherine Annette Burnsed, University of South Carolina, USA

Learn the skills needed to become a successful buyer in any area of retail. The book has step-by-step instructions for typical buying tasks, such as identifying and understanding potential customers, creating a six-month merchandising plan, and developing sales forecasts. It covers math concepts throughout and shows you how to analyze and interpret data with practice problems to prepare you for the profession. You'll also learn about important retailing trends, including global buying and sourcing, omni-channel retailing, online retailing, mobile technologies, and social media in case studies.
Characteristics and evolution of diurnal foehn events in the Dead Sea valley
Authors: Vüllers Jutta , Mayr Georg J. , Corsmeier Ulrich , Kottmeier Christoph
Published: August 2018

Abstract. This paper investigates frequently occurring foehn in the Dead Sea valley. For the first time, sophisticated, high- resolution measurements were performed to investigate the horizontal and vertical flow field. In up to 72 % of the days in summer, foehn was observed at the eastern slope of the Judean Mountains around sunset. Furthermore, the results also revealed that in approximately 10 % of the cases the foehn detached from the slope and only effected elevated layers of the valley atmosphere. Lidar measurements showed that there are two main types of foehn. Type I has a duration of approximately 2–3 h and mean maximum velocities of around 5 m s−1 and does not propagate far into the valley, whereas type II affects the whole valley, as it propagates across the valley to the eastern side. Type II reaches mean maximum wind velocities of 11 m s−1 and has a duration of about 4–5 h. A case study of a type II foehn shows that foehn is initiated by the horizontal temperature gradient across the mountain range. In the investigated case this was caused by an amplified heating and delayed cooling of the valley boundary layer in the afternoon, compared to the upstream boundary layer over the mountain ridge. The foehn was further intensified by the advection of cool maritime air masses upstream over the coastal plains leading to a transition of subcritical to supercritical flow conditions downstream and the formation of a hydraulic jump and rotor beneath. These foehn events are of particular importance for the local climatic conditions, as they modify the temperature and humidity fields in the valley and, furthermore, they are important because they enhance evaporation from the Dead Sea and influence the aerosol distribution in the valley.
Effects of temperature, pressure, and carrier gases on the performance of an aerosol particle mass analyser
Authors: Hsiao Ta-Chih , Young Li-Hao , Tai Yu-Chun , Chang Po-Kai
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Effective density is a crucial parameter used to predict
the transport behaviour and fate of particles in the atmosphere, and to
measure instruments used ultimately in the human respiratory tract
(Ristimäki et al., 2002). The aerosol particle mass analyser (APM) was
first proposed by Ehara et al. (1996) and is used to determine the effective
density of aerosol particles. A compact design (Kanomax APM-3601) was
subsequently developed by Tajima et al. (2013). Recently, a growing number
of field studies have reported application of the APM, and experimental
schemes using the differential mobility analyser alongside the APM have been
adopted extensively. However, environmental conditions such as ambient
pressure and temperature vary with the experimental location, and this could
affect the performance of the APM. Gas viscosity and Cunningham slip factors
are parameters associated with temperature and pressure and are included in
the APM's classification performance parameter: λ. In this study,
the effects of temperature and pressure were analysed through theoretical
calculation, and the influence of varying carrier gas was experimentally
evaluated. The transfer function and APM operational region were further
calculated and discussed to examine their applicability. Based on the
theoretical analysis of the APM's operational region, the mass detection
limits are changed with the properties of carrier gases under a chosen
λ value. Moreover, the detection limit can be lowered when the
pressure is reduced, which implies that performance may be affected during
field study. In experimental evaluation, air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
were selected to atomize aerosols in the laboratory with the aim of
evaluating the effect of gas viscosity on the APM's performance. Using
monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with nominal diameters of 50
and 100 nm, the classification performance of the APM was slightly varied
with carrier gases, while the classification accuracy was consistently
within 10 %.
Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys and the emergence of anthropogenic trends
Authors: Sutton Adrienne J. , Feely Richard A. , Maenner-Jones Stacy , Musielwicz Sylvia , Osborne John , Dietrich Colin , Monacci Natalie , Cross Jessica , Bott Randy , Kozyr Alex
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Ship-based time series, some now approaching over three decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean CO2 uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous ocean carbon observing technology over the last two decades have led to the expansion of fixed time series stations with the added capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability. Here we present a data product of 40 autonomous moored surface ocean pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) and pH time series established between 2004 and 2013. These time series characterize a wide range of seawater pCO2 and pH conditions in different oceanic (17 sites) and coastal (12 sites) regimes including coral reefs (11 sites). With well-constrained daily to interannual variability and an estimate of decadal variability, these data suggest the length of time series necessary to detect an anthropogenic trend in seawater pCO2 and pH varies from 8 to 15 years at the open ocean sites, 16 to 41 years at the coastal sites, and 9 to 22 years at the coral reef sites. Only two open ocean pCO2 time series, WHOTS in the subtropical North Pacific and Stratus in the South Pacific gyre, are longer than the estimated time of emergence, and deseasoned monthly means show anthropogenic trends of 1.9 ± 0.3 µatm yr−1 and 1.6 ± 0.3 µatm yr−1, respectively. In the future, it is possible that updates to this product will allow for estimating anthropogenic trends at more sites; however, the product currently provides a valuable tool in an accessible format for evaluating climatology and natural variability of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in a variety of regions. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.7289/V5DB8043 and http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/Moorings/ndp097.html.
GlobR2C2 (Global Recession Rates of Coastal Cliffs): a global relational database to investigate coastal rocky cliff erosion rate variations
Authors: Prémaillon Mélody , Regard Vincent , Dewez Thomas J. B. , Auda Yves
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Rocky coast erosion (i.e., cliff retreat) is caused by a complex
interaction of various forcings that can be marine, subaerial or due to
rock mass properties. From Sunamura's seminal
work in 1992, it is known that cliff retreat rates are highly variable over
at least four orders of magnitude, from 1 to 10 mm yr−1.
While numerous local studies exist and explain erosion processes at specific
sites, there is a lack of knowledge at the global scale. In order to quantify and rank the
various parameters influencing erosion rates, we compiled existing local
studies into a global database called GlobR2C2 (which stands for Global Recession Rates of
Coastal Cliffs). This database reports erosion rates from publications, cliff
setting and measurement specifications; it is compiled from peer-reviewed
articles and national databases. In order to be homogeneous, marine and
climatic forcings were recorded from global models and reanalyses. Currently,
GlobR2C2 contains 58 publications that represent 1530 studied cliffs and
more than 1680 estimated erosion rate. A statistical analysis was conducted
on this database to explore the links between erosion rates and forcings at a global
scale. Rock resistance, inferred using the criterion of Hoek and Brown (1997),
is the strongest signal explaining variation in erosion rate.
Median erosion rates are 2.9 cm yr−1 for hard rocks,
10 cm yr−1 for medium rocks and 23 cm yr−1 for weak
rocks. Concerning climate, only the number of frost days (number of day per
year below 0 ∘C) for weak rocks shows a significant, positive, trend
with erosion rate. The other climatic and marine forcings do not show any
clear or significant relationship with cliff retreat rate. In this first
version, GlobR2C2, with its current encompassing vision, has broad
implications. Critical knowledge gaps have come to light and prompt a new
coastal rocky shore research agenda. Further study of these questions is
paramount if we one day hope to answer questions such as what the coastal rocky shore
response to sea-level rise or increased storminess may be.
Modeling the changes in water balance components of the highly irrigated western part of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman A. T. M. Sakiur , Ahmed M. Shakil , Adnan Hasnat Mohammad , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Khalek M. Abdul , Mazumder Quamrul Hasan , Jahan Chowdhury Sarwar
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The objectives of the present study were to explore the changes in the water
balance components (WBCs) by co-utilizing the discrete wavelet transform
(DWT) and different forms of the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and develop a wavelet
denoise autoregressive integrated moving average (WD-ARIMA) model for
forecasting the WBCs. The results revealed that most of the potential
evapotranspiration (PET) trends (approximately 73 %) had a
decreasing tendency from 1981–1982 to 2012–2013 in the western part of
Bangladesh. However, most of the trends (approximately 82 %) were not
statistically significant at a 5 % significance level. The actual
evapotranspiration (AET), annual deficit, and annual surplus also
exhibited a similar tendency. The rainfall and temperature exhibited
increasing trends. However, the WBCs exhibited an inverse trend, which
suggested that the PET changes associated with temperature
changes could not explain the change in the WBCs. Moreover, the 8-year (D3)
and 16-year (D4) periodic components were generally responsible for the
trends found in the original WBC data for the study area. The actual data was
affected by noise, which resulted in the ARIMA model exhibiting an
unsatisfactory performance. Therefore, wavelet denoising of the WBC time
series was conducted to improve the performance of the ARIMA model. The
quality of the denoising time series data was ensured using relevant
statistical analysis. The performance of the WD-ARIMA model was assessed
using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient and coefficient of
determination (R2). The WD-ARIMA model exhibited very good performance,
which clearly demonstrated the advantages of denoising the time series data
for forecasting the WBCs. The validation results of the model revealed that
the forecasted values were very close to actual values, with an acceptable
mean percentage error. The residuals also followed a normal distribution. The
performance and validation results indicated that models can be used for the
short-term forecasting of WBCs. Further studies on different combinations of
wavelet analysis are required to develop a superior model for the
hydrological forecasting in the context of climate change. The findings of this
study can be used to improve water resource management in the highly
irrigated western part of Bangladesh.
Asymptotes of the nonlinear transfer and wave spectrum in the frame of the kinetic equation solution
Authors: Polnikov Vladislav G. , Qiao Fangli , Teng Yong
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The kinetic equation for a gravity wave spectrum is solved numerically to study the high frequencies asymptotes for the one-dimensional nonlinear energy transfer and the variability of spectrum parameters that accompany the long-term evolution of nonlinear waves. The cases of initial two-dimensional spectra S(ω,θ) of modified JONSWAP type with the frequency decay-law S(ω) ~ ω−n (for n = 6, 5, 4 and 3.5) and various initial functions of the angular distribution are considered. It is shown that at the first step of the kinetic equation solution, the nonlinear energy transfer asymptote has the power-like decay-law, Nl(ω) ~ ω−p, with values p ≤ n − 1, valid in cases when n ≥ 5, and the difference, n-p, changes significantly when n approaches 4. On time scales of evolution greater than several thousands of initial wave periods, in every case, a self-similar spectrum Ssf(ω,θ) is established with the frequency decay-law of form S(ω) ~ ω−4. Herein, the asymptote of nonlinear energy transfer becomes negative in value and decreases according to the same law (i.e., Nl(ω) ~ −ω−4). The peak frequency of the spectrum, ωp(t), migrates in time t to the low-frequency region such that the angular and frequency characteristics of the two-dimensional spectrum Ssf(ω,θ) remain constant. However, these characteristics depend on the degree of angular anisotropy of the initial spectrum. The solutions obtained are interpreted, and their connection with the analytical solutions of the kinetic equation by Zakharov and co-authors for gravity waves in water is discussed.
The Exponential Attractor for a Class of Nonlinear Coupled Kirchhoff Equations with Strong Linear Damping
Authors: Lin Guoguang , Hu Lingjuan
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the dynamics for a class of nonlinear higher-order coupled Kirchhoff equations with strong linear damping. By means of the method proposed by Eden et al., the Lipschitz continuity and the discrete squeezing property of its solution semigroup are proved, and thus the existence of the exponential attractor is obtained.
Practice guideline update summary: Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: Treatment of new-onset epilepsy
Authors: Kanner Andres M. , Ashman Eric , Gloss David , Harden Cynthia , Bourgeois Blaise , Bautista Jocelyn F. , Abou-Khalil Bassel , Burakgazi-Dalkilic Evren , Park Esmeralda Llanas , Stern John , Hirtz Deborah , Nespeca Mark , Gidal Barry , Faught Edward , French Jacqueline
Published: August 2018

Objective: To update the 2004 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guideline for treating new-onset focal or generalized epilepsy (GE) with second- and third-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods: The 2004 AAN criteria was used to systematically review literature (January 2003 to November 2015), classify pertinent studies according to the therapeutic rating scheme, and link recommendations to evidence strength. Results: Several second-generation AEDs are effective for new-onset focal epilepsy. Data are lacking on efficacy in new-onset generalized tonic–clonic seizures, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, or juvenile absence epilepsy, and on efficacy of third-generation AEDs in new-onset epilepsy. Recommendations: Lamotrigine (LTG) should (Level B) and levetiracetam (LEV) and zonisamide (ZNS) may (Level C) be considered in decreasing seizure frequency in adults with new-onset focal epilepsy. LTG should (Level B) and gabapentin (GBP) may (Level C) be considered in decreasing seizure frequency in patients ≥60 years with new-onset focal epilepsy. Unless there are compelling adverse-effect–related concerns, ethosuximide (ETS) or valproic acid (VPA) should be considered before LTG to decrease seizure frequency in treating absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy (Level B). No high-quality studies suggest clobazam, eslicarbazepine, ezogabine, felbamate, GBP, lacosamide, LEV, LTG, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, pregabalin, rufinamide, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, or ZNS is effective in treating new-onset epilepsy because no high-quality studies exist in adults of various ages. A recent FDA strategy allows extrapolation of efficacy across populations; therefore, for focal epilepsy, eslicarbazepine and lacosamide (oral only for pediatric use) as add-on or monotherapy in persons ≥4 years old and perampanel as monotherapy received FDA approval.
Practice guideline update summary: Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II: Treatment-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Kanner Andres M. , Ashman Eric , Gloss David , Harden Cynthia , Bourgeois Blaise , Bautista Jocelyn F. , Abou-Khalil Bassel , Burakgazi-Dalkilic Evren , Park Esmeralda Llanas , Stern John , Hirtz Deborah , Nespeca Mark , Gidal Barry , Faught Edward , French Jacqueline
Published: August 2018

Objective: To update the 2004 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guideline for managing treatment-resistant (TR) epilepsy with second- and third-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods: 2004 criteria were used to systematically review literature (January 2003 to November 2015), classify pertinent studies according to the therapeutic rating scheme, and link recommendations to evidence strength. Results: Forty-two articles were included. Recommendations: The following are established as effective to reduce seizure frequency (Level A): immediate-release pregabalin and perampanel for TR adult focal epilepsy (TRAFE); vigabatrin for TRAFE (not first-line treatment; rufinamide for Lennox–Gastuat syndrome (LGS) (add-on therapy).

The following should be considered to decrease seizure frequency (Level B): lacosamide, eslicarbazepine, and extended-release topiramate for TRAFE (ezogabine production discontinued); immediate- and extended-release lamotrigine for generalized epilepsy with TR generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizures in adults; levetiracetam (add-on therapy) for TR childhood focal epilepsy (TRCFE) (1 month to 16 years), TR GTC seizures, and TR juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; clobazam for LGS (add-on therapy); zonisamide for TRCFE (6–17 years); oxcarbazepine for TRCFE (1 month to 4 years). The text presents Level C recommendations. AED selection depends on seizure/syndrome type, patient age, concomitant medications, and AED tolerability, safety, and efficacy. This evidence-based assessment informs AED prescription guidelines for TR epilepsy and indicates seizure types and syndromes needing more evidence. A recent FDA strategy allows extrapolation of efficacy across populations; therefore, for focal epilepsy, eslicarbazepine and lacosamide (oral only for pediatric use) as add-on or monotherapy in persons ≥4 years of age and perampanel as monotherapy received FDA approval.
The Key Role of Sport for Development and Peace in the World
Authors: De Fraguier Niels
Published: August 2018

“Sport has the power to change the world”. This quote from Nelson Mandela following by the story of South Africa and his rugby team is certainly one of the best examples than sport is a powerful soft power tool to promote peace and help to solve difficult diplomatic situations and create cohesion in local communities. It will be needed to increase and improve the using of sport as a tool to resolve conflicts and crisis. The choice of a relationship between Sport and Social Development as subject permit to think and understand the role and the goals of the International organizations in the project creation gait. This presentation aims at thinking about the future of the international institutions after the closure of the United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace and gives some recommendations linked to this paper findings. This new situation is, according to the United Nations (UN), the logical next step but it is including some risks about the aim of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in the area of social development. It will be demonstrated that the work of UN was really effective to create a solid base for sport projects and a huge credibility for international institutions and government. A new form will be developed for projects which include a new form of actions which will include IOC for its influence but also the social actors of United Nations to keep in mind the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s).
Longitudinal Study of the Influence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) on Czech Tennis Players Aged 10 - 12.
Authors: Koloničný Roman , Bozděch Michal , Zháněl Jiří
Published: August 2018

The issue of the phenomenon known as RAE first appeared in research within the educational system. In the field of sports research, it first emerged in the 1980s. The theory of RAE is based on the assumption that athletes born in the early months of the year are usually more advanced in both mental and physical fitness. Many studies have confirmed that birthdates of players in sports such as handball, ice hockey or football are distributed asymmetrically in the respective quarters of the year. A high incidence of birthdates has been shown to exist in the first half of the year. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of RAE on Czech tennis players in the age category of 10 – 12. The investigated sample consisted of players (n=1 500) who ranked among the top one hundred in the official ranking of the Czech Tennis Association in the period of 2003 – 2017. In order to verify the conformity of the distribution of the frequency of the players´ birthdates in the sample and the frequency of birthdates among the same population (n=1 506 504) the Chi-Square test (χ2) was used. The results of the study have shown a significant influence of RAE in certain years in the reference age category of 10 – 12, and in thirteen of the fifteen years surveyed. The overall results in the reference period 2003 – 2017 have shown that most of the players were born in Q1 (n=551) and Q2 (n=442). Therefore, 2/3 of the players (66%) were born in the first half of the year, while only 1/3 (34%) were born in the second half. A longitudinal study of tennis players aged 10 – 12 showed the influence of RAE both in specific years (with the exception of 2011 and 2014) and in the reference period 2003 – 2017 taken as a whole. The results of our research correspond to the results of similar studies performed by other authors. Tennis coaches are advised to address the issue of RAE when working with tennis youth and when selecting players to the sports centres, representations, etc.
Plantar pressure sore formation during advanced phases of pregnancy and the effect of special footwear
Authors: Gimunová Marta , Mikeska Ondřej , Hanzlová Jitka , Zvonař Martin
Published: August 2018

Plantar pressure sore occurrence is an indicator of increased plantar pressures which may develop into subsequent foot problems and pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of special footwear on plantar pressure sore distribution. 67 healthy pregnant women participated at all data collection session at their 27, 32 and 37 gestational weeks. At each data collection session, the plantar pressure sore distribution was assessed for both feet. During the first data collection session participants were randomly divided into a control and experimental group. Experimental group obtained the special footwear. For the control group, the results show an increased in pressure sores occurrence in the medial edge of thumb and first metatarso-phalangeal joint. The special footwear introduction in the experimental group increased the pressure sore occurrence at the edge of the heel, probably associated with the plantar pressure redistribution more to the heel area. The distribution of pressure sore areas of the control and experimental group is in accordance with our hypothesis that the special footwear redistributes the plantar pressures, however, the trend of these changes is not clear as there are many factors influencing the foot condition during advanced stages of pregnancy.
Denní režim a životospráva učitelů středních škol
Authors: Jansa Petr , Kotlík Kamil
Published: August 2018

In paper we mention the evaluation of a daily regime and regimen of  secondary school teachers´ (without PE teaching qualification), further their opinions and attitudes towards motion activities and sport. The data were gained by a method of questionnaire.Within the time of survey (school year 2016/2017) interviewed teachers were employed in different types of secondary school (grammar school and vocational school with GCSE exam). The results we present from the viewpoint of gender. The number of repondents was 709 individuals (309 men and 400 women).We consider as a positive findings that majority of teachers supports adequate motion activities and sport and takes their meals regularly. The negative findnings are that aproximately one third of research sample get stressed because of their work daily and those who are smokers regularly drink alcohol as a rule. More detailed informations we present in the text of our paper.