bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daughters of the Drum: Decolonizing health and wellness with Native American women
Authors: Brown Danica Love
Published: May 2018

In many pre-colonial tribal communities, Native American women held significant positions as keepers and teachers of health and wellness practices. Today, however, Native American women's status is often relegated to the margins in colonial society, as they are disproportionately affected by health disparities resulting from legacies of historical trauma. This study explores the decolonization of the health and wellness of Native American women in the United States Pacific Northwest. Through a culturally centered qualitative study utilizing photovoice and talking circles, several themes emerge illuminating important and nuanced aspects of resilience related to perceptions of health and wellness. Four Native American women aged 26–46, including myself, participated in the study in the summer of 2014. Utilizing the indigenist stress-coping model, interpretive coding in real time suggests that land, language, and diet are important principles of a decolonized perception of health and wellness centered on the women's experiences together as members of the drum group Daughters of the Drum.
Comportamiento mecánico de piezas de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría sometidas a compresión longitudinal a las fibras = Mechanical behavior of small pine wood pieces subjected to a longitudinal - compressive stress to the fibers
Authors: Martínez Pérez Inmaculada , Llaudaró-Pérez Nuria , Gónzalez-García Mª de las Nieves , Cobo-Escamilla Alfonso
Published: May 2018

ResumenEn este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento a compresión de piezas de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría sometidas a un esfuerzo de compresión longitudinal a las fibras. Se han obtenido las propiedades mecánicas asociadas a este tipo de solicitación, se ha analizado qué correlaciones pueden emplearse con éxito y se ha comprobado el ajuste de los valores obtenidos con los estimados por las normas de clasificación visual y resistente de la madera en uso. Para ello se han ensayado a compresión en sentido longitudinal a la fibra y hasta rotura 11 piezas de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría de 27x140x300mm. Las piezas ensayadas son ME1 según clasificación visual de UNE 56544 y clasificación mecánica C27 según UNE-EN 1912. En las conclusiones se presentan los resultados del análisis de las correlaciones efectuadas en la investigación.AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study of the compression behaviour of small pine wood pieces subjected to a longitudinal - compressive stress to the fibers. The mechanical properties obtained are associated with this type of load. The correlations that can be used successfully have been analysed and the concordance between the values obtained with those estimated by the visual grading rules of sawn timber for structural use has been tested. To this end, 11 small pine wood pieces (27x140x300mm) have been tested, subjected to a longitudinal - compressive stress to the fibers. The wood pieces tested are ME1 according to visual classification of UNE 56544 and C27 according to mechanical classification of UNE-EN 1912. The results of the analysis of correlations are presented in the conclusions.
Estudio de las fachadas de inmuebles protegidos del casco urbano de Cieza (Murcia) = Study of the facades of protected buildings in the urban area of Cieza (Murcia)
Authors: González Ponce Eloisa , Rosa Roca Nuria , Spairani Berrio Silvia , Perez Pardos Borja
Published: May 2018

ResumenEl propósito principal de este trabajo de investigación se centra en el estudio del estado de conservación de las fachadas de 34 inmuebles pertenecientes al Catálogo de Bienes Inmuebles y Elementos Protegidos del Plan General del Ayuntamiento de Cieza (Murcia), concretamente de aquellos situados en el casco urbano, para aportar directrices que garanticen una intervención con materiales sostenibles coherente y respetuosa con el patrimonio arquitectónico de la ciudad. Evidentemente, un desarrollo correcto del estudio diagnóstico constructivo de las fachadas de inmuebles protegidos debe llevarse a cabo en 2 fases: la caracterización constructiva de la arquitectura de sus fachadas y el estudio de lesiones o estado actual que presentan las mismas. Tras analizar los 34 inmuebles se establece una metodología y un modelo sistemático para la documentación del grado de deterioro que presentan las fachadas de los inmuebles del Catálogo de la ciudad. Destacamos que los resultados de materiales propuestos en las fachadas dan unos niveles de deterioro “bajo” o “muy bajo” en el 70 % de los casos analizados, corroborándose el buen estado general de las mismas.AbstractThe main intention of this research work focus interest on the 34 building’s facade from the state of preservation belonging a Municipalities Heritage Catalogue of Cieza's Town (Murcia), it specifically those that located in the urban area from to comply with the guidelines established by sustainable materials coherent and respectful with the architectural heritage of the city. Evidently, a correct development of the diagnostic constructive study of the 34 building’s facade must be carried out in 2 phases: the constructive characterization of the architecture of his building’s facade and the study of the state of conservation or current condition that the same ones present. After analyzing 34 building’s facade methodology and a systematic model it establish for the documentation of a Municipalities Heritage Catalogue of Cieza's Town of the city. We emphasize that the results of proposed materials building’s facade give a few levels of low or very low deterioration in 70 % of the analyzed cases, there being corroborated the good general condition of the same ones.
Micro-Dumbbells—A Versatile Tool for Optical Tweezers
Authors: Lamperska Weronika , Drobczyński Sławomir , Nawrot Michał , Wasylczyk Piotr , Masajada Jan
Published: May 2018

Manipulation of micro- and nano-sized objects with optical tweezers is a well established, albeit still evolving technique. While many objects can be trapped directly with focused laser beam(s), for some applications indirect manipulation with tweezers-operated tools is preferred. We introduce a simple, versatile micro-tool operated with holographic optical tweezers. The 40 µm long dumbbell-shaped tool, fabricated with two-photon laser 3D photolithography has two beads for efficient optical trapping and a probing spike on one end. We demonstrate fluids viscosity measurements and vibration detection as examples of possible applications.
Effect of Micro-Segregation on Impact Toughness of 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel after Post Weld Heat Treatment
Authors: Na Hyesung , Lee Sanghoon , Kang Chungyun
Published: May 2018

2.25Cr-1Mo steel with high strength at high temperatures and good hydrogen resistance is widely used for power generation boiler material in high temperature and pressure use environments. Following the test evaluation of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, specimens from the base metal of a boiler pipe were found to have impact toughness values of 285 and 21 ft-lb, which are drastically different values. The analysis of the fracture surface of the 21 ft-lb test specimen revealed MnS inclusions, and it was found that cracks initiated at the inclusions. Observation of the cross-section of the crack propagation front revealed that cracks propagated along the ferrite regions and precipitate voids. Inclusions were also found in the 285 ft-lb impact specimen; however, the volume fraction of the inclusions was significantly less than that of the 21 ft-lb specimen. It was also found that the ferrite and carbide content of the 285 ft-lb specimen was less than 21 ft-lb specimen. The reason that the inclusions, ferrite, and carbide content differed in the two adjacent impact test specimens was analyzed. The effects of micro-segregation, such as MnS inclusions on ferrite and carbide, were compared and analyzed.
Pastoral Resilience among the Maasai Pastoralists of Laikipia County, Kenya
Authors: Ameso Edwin Ambani , Bukachi Salome Atieno , Olungah Charles Owuor , Haller Tobias , Wandibba Simiyu , Nangendo Steve
Published: May 2018

This paper addresses pastoral resilience by drawing out the coping strategies and mechanisms utilized by the Maasai Pastoralists through a food system approach, based on the study findings of an anthropological study of pastoralism in Laikipia County, Rift Valley, Kenya. This paper is guided by the specific objectives aimed at establishing actors and their roles, and describing the institutional settings and changes in pastoralism. Using a new institutionalism approach, the paper focuses not only on the actors and their roles in pastoralism but also on how internal and external forces regulate access and use of common pool resources (CPRs) resulting in sustainability of the food system. We argue that this has an impact on the practice of pastoralism that continually defines and redefine the actors’ roles as well as elicit the value of pastoral economies and benefits accrued to a wide range of actors hence reinforcing pastoral resilience. The study also identified institutional settings and changes that lead to pastoral survival resulting from the country’s devolved system of governance. Data collection was through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and unstructured observations in the pastoral regions. The findings reveal that actors at the household, state, non-state, and service providers have developed varied coping strategies and mechanisms that sustain pastoralism. The study also identified institutional settings and changes that promote pastoral resilience; notably, private land ownership patterns, co-management of livestock markets, commercialization of herding, decentralization of livestock services, holistic management of pasturelands and the use of water-shed management plans. As a result, increased scholarship and advocacy in regards to the concept of co-management of livestock markets, is recommended as a means of understanding pastoral resilience that the food system exhibits.
Allosteric Effects between the Antibody Constant and Variable Regions: A Study of IgA Fc Mutations on Antigen Binding
Authors: Su Chinh Tran-To , Lua Wai-Heng , Ling Wei-Li , Gan Samuel Ken-En
Published: May 2018

Therapeutics antibodies have increasingly shifted the paradigm of disease treatments, from small molecules to biologics, especially in cancer therapy. Despite the increasing number of antibody candidates, much remains unknown about the antibody and how its various regions interact. In fact, the constant region can govern effects that might be useful in reducing the unwanted consequences resulted from systemic circulation. For this reason, apart from the commonly used IgG isotypes, IgA antibodies are promising therapeutics drugs, given its localized mucosal effects. While the antibody Fc effector cell activity has been well explored, recent research has shown evidences that the constant region of the antibody can also influence antigen binding, challenging the conventional idea of region-specific antibody functions. To further investigate this, we analyzed the IgA antibody constant and its allosteric effects onto the antigen binding regions, using recombinant Pertuzumab IgA1 and IgA2 variants. We found mutations in the C-region to reduce Her2 binding, and our computational structural analysis showed that such allosteric communications were highly dependent on the antibody hinge, providing the evidence to consider antibodies as a whole protein rather than a sum of functional regions.
Pratyabhijñā Apoha Theory, Shannon-Weaver Information, de Saussurean Structure and Peircean Interpretant Agency
Authors: Lawrence David Peter
Published: May 2018

This paper builds upon my earlier studies, in interpreting interculturally how the Kashmiri nondual Śaiva thinkers, Upaladeva (c. 900-950 CE) and Abhinavagupta (c. 950-1020 CE), in their Pratyabhijñā philosophical theology respond to and reinterpret the Buddhist semantic theory of reference as the exclusion of the inapplicable (anyāpoha). It engages the issues in the Pratyabhijñā debate with the Buddhists, with the interrelations of Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver’s theory of Information, de Saussurean structuralist semiotics and Peircean pragmatic semiotics.
Uptake Fluoride from Water by Starch Stabilized Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Liu Jiming , Yue Xiuping , Lu Xinyu , Guo Yu
Published: May 2018

A novel starch stabilized Mg/Al LDHs material (S-LDH) was prepared in a facile approach and its fluoride ion removal performance was developed. Characterization of S-LDH was employed by using XRD, FTIR and particle size distribution. The adsorption property was studied through the assessment of adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, thermal dynamics and pH influence. The result shows that a low loading of starch of 10 mg onto LDH could obviously improve fluoride removal rate. The S-LDH had 3 times higher adsorption capacity to fluoride than that of Mg/Al LDH to fluoride. The particle size was smaller and the particle size distribution was narrower for S-LDH than that for Mg/Al LDH. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted well with the experimental data. In thermodynamic parameters, the enthalpy (△H0) value was 35.63 kJ mol-1 and the entropy (△S0) value was 0.0806 kJ mol-1K-1. The values of △G0 were negative, implying the adsorption process is spontaneous. S-LDH reveals stable adsorption property in a wide pH range from 3 to 9. The mechanism for fluoride adsorption on S-LDH included surface adsorption and interaction ion exchange.
Environmental Strategic Management Untuk Kawasan Industri Hijau
Authors: Alrasyid M. Harun
Published: May 2018

This study is designed to identify  the dimension of environmental strategic management implementation which plays a significant role in creating Green Industrial Estate. The method used is a descriptive theoretic and data analysis technique using SWOT Analysis, Process Analysis and Stakeholder Analysis. Based on the research on the dominant factors of Environmental Strategic Management and the already set strategic options along with their implementation for activities in industrial area, it shows that the implementation of Environmental Strategic Management is dominantly influenced by external factors beyond the authority of the corporate.  The external factors that affect the successful implementation of Environmental Strategic Management are the commitment of government policy and community participation.
TINGKAT DIPENDENSI PARADIGMA DOMINANSI SOSIAL PADA JENIS KELAMIN DI AREAL HUTAN LINDUNG MANGUNAN KABUPATEN BANTUL PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA 2015
Authors: Rofik Rosadi
Published: May 2018

The objective of the research is to draw connections and dependencies of Dominant Social Paradigm level on sex in the protected forest Mangunan, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta in 2015. This quantitative research refers to the condition in the past against environmental degradation in the district of Bantul. Data obtained by participant observation, using a Likert questionnaire, in inputting the interaction of each sex to the environment, based on the analysis unit Dominant Social Paradigm, which consists of three components, namely: socio-economic aspects, Character Dominant (anthropocentrism), and the organism cosmologis. Then, statistical analysis using Chi-square test for independent to stack up against two units of analysis, namely Dominant Social Paradigm and sex. The conclusion of this research is, there is a relationship of the Dominant Social Paradigm with sex either Male or Female in Mangunan Bantul district of Yogyakarta province. Problem solving on lowering the quality of the environment characterized by measurement results of depencies of Dominant Social Paradigm level which performed by each sex as a problem to be solved. Recommendations resolving the issue by implementing a new paradigm of Ecology (New Ecological Paradigm) in an effort Protected Forest Quality Improvement Mangunan
PENGEMBANGAN MUTU SEKOLAH
Authors: Deswary Dwi
Published: May 2018

Study on the school quality improvement prescribes that the school quality can be improved through quality socialization in a number of phases. Each school can do a number of activities such as creates good working conditions; formulates vision, mission, and institutional objectives of the school; does SWOT analysis; chooses problem solving alternatives; develops plans and programs to improve the quality; conducts evaluation on the program implementation; and sets objectives of quality improvement. To avoid inefficiency, a set of quality improvement tools needs to apply.
STRATEGI BELAJAR BERBASIS ANEKA SUMBER
Authors: A Rosa Meriyana
Published: May 2018

The advancement of information and communication technoloy has significant impacts into all aspects of human life including in education. The teachers and the text books are not the only learning resources for the student any more. As there are abundant informations available for students to meet their learning needs. The informations are presented in various media and easy to access. Teaching and learning process at the education institutions should be adjusted to the availability of learning resources. This article discussess Resource Based Learning (RBL) by clarifying the concept, describing how to implement of RBL and showing the example of RBL implementation in Indonesia. It concludes that RBL can solve a number of learning problems particularly in long life education. Therefore, as early as possible everybody should learn how to learn by using RBS.
Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Follow-Through Among Privately Insured US Patients
Authors: Spencer Jennifer C. , Brewer Noel T. , Trogdon Justin G. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: May 2018

Objectives. To assess predictors of timely human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine follow-through among privately insured individuals initiating the 3-dose series.

Methods. Using MarketScan Commercial claims data, we identified 1 332 217 privately insured US individuals aged 9 to 26 years who initiated the bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccine series from 2006 to 2014, with follow-up data extending through 2015. The study outcome was receipt of third HPV dose within 12 months of the first, compared by year of initiation. Control variables were age, region, insurance plan type, provider type, and seasonal influenza vaccination.

Results. Timely HPV vaccine follow-through fell over time. The trend was especially pronounced for females (from 67% in 2006 to 38% in 2014), but was also present for males (from 36% in 2011 to 33% in 2014). Similar patterns were present when we controlled for patient and provider characteristics or used alternative definitions of follow-through. Other positive predictors of timely follow-through included receipt of flu vaccine in the prior year and receipt of first HPV vaccine dose from an obstetrician/gynecologist.

Conclusions. HPV vaccine follow-through is low and has declined over time.
Differences Between New and Long-Standing US Gun Owners: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Wertz Joseph , Azrael Deborah , Hemenway David , Sorenson Susan , Miller Matthew
Published: May 2018

Objectives. To quantify the proportion of current US gun owners who are new to owning firearms and compare new versus long-standing gun owners with respect to their firearms and firearm-related behaviors.

Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative probability-based online survey conducted in 2015 in the United States. We defined new gun owners as current firearm owners who acquired all of their firearms within the past 5 years, but who lived in a home without a gun at some time over the past 5 years. We defined long-standing firearm owners as all other current gun owners.

Results. New gun owners represented 10% of all current US adult gun owners. In addition to being younger than long-standing gun owners, new gun owners were more likely to be liberal, own fewer guns, own handguns, own guns only for protection, and store guns in a safe manner.

Conclusions. Gun ownership is dynamic, with approximately 1 million Americans becoming new gun owners each year.

Public Health Implications. Clinical guidelines should be updated to explicitly endorse re-evaluating household firearm status at regular intervals.
Hip Fracture Risk Assessment and Reduction
Authors: Hull Jonathan
Published: May 2018

The prevalence of hip fractures continues to rise exponentially, and is directly related to the aging population. Patients with hip fracture continue to have increased 30-day and 1-year mortality rates. The postinjury morbidity and mortality rates are well-documented. With this morbidity and mortality, health-care expenditures continue to increase and negatively impact society. The health-care industry must continue to innovate and perform research to reduce morbidity and mortality rates in patients with hip fracture. A detailed literature review was conducted to research methods to help reduce morbidity and mortality related to hip fracture.
Models of Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Ziegler V. M.
Published: May 2018

Models for steam or hot-water injection into a fractured diatomite or shale reservoir are developed from existing analytic models of energy transport and countercurrent imbibition.

Radial convective heat flow through a horizontal fracture system is modeled with conductive heat flow into the low-permeability matrix. The flow geometry approximates hot-fluid injection into a five-spot pattern. Recovery mechanisms accounted for in the models include capillary imbibition and thermal expansion. Temperature dependence of viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) are included in the imbibition estimate. Laboratory data are needed to quantify the magnitude of the imbibition mechanism, which is usually the primary contributor to oil recovery. Reservoir properties representative of either the Belridge Diatomite or the Antelope Shale, two giant fractured oil reservoirs, are used for the model forecasts. Currently, however, only temperature-dependent imbibition data for diatomite reservoirs are available.

The steamflood model has been partially validated against a large-scale project in the Belridge Diatomite. By use of public-domain information, a reasonable comparison was obtained between the model and the field project during a 4-year injection period. Comparison with conventional thermal simulation was also performed, and it indicated reasonable agreement with the steamflood analytical model.

The models have been used to determine the key factors determining the success of thermal recovery in fractured, low-permeability reservoirs. Steam injection is shown to be superior to hot-water injection in heating the matrix. Key factors enhancing recovery include reduced fracture spacing, increased matrix permeability, and increased injection temperature. Model results indicate that steamflood recoveries of more than 40% of the original oil in place (OOIP) may be achieved by injection in diatomite containing light oil. Application to diatomites containing heavy oil also shows good performance. Successful application in diatomite reservoirs is forecast to be possible in the current low oil-price environment. Economic application in fractured shales, assuming similar imbibition behavior as in diatomites, would require a higher oil price because of the higher well costs and lower oil content relative to diatomite projects.

Because of the significant volumes of remaining oil in place (OIP) in both the diatomite and shale reservoirs, the application of thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to these resources represents the logical next step in steamflood development.
Hydromulch Application to Bare Soil: Soil Temperature Dynamics and Evaporative Fluxes
Authors: O'Brien Peter L. , Acharya Umesh , Alghamdi Rashad , Niaghi Ali Rashid , Sanyal Debankur , Wirtz Jeremy , Daigh Aaron L. M. , DeSutter Thomas M.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Hydromulch was applied to disturbed, bare soil at two rates.

Micro‐Bowen ratio systems quantified soil temperature and evaporation.

Hydromulch moderated temperature fluctuations, especially daily maximums.

Hydromulch application reduced evaporation following rainfall.

North Dakota State Univ., Dep. of Soil Science, Fargo, ND 58108.

Soil disturbance reduces plant‐residue cover and can leave bare soil susceptible to erosion, extreme temperature fluctuations, and increased evaporation. Under such conditions, establishing vegetation is difficult. To overcome these difficulties, managing disturbed lands by applying surface cover may be a good step toward soil reclamation. Hydromulch is often applied to stabilize soil after disturbance, but its influence on soil temperature and evaporation has not been described. This study assessed soil temperature over time and used the surface energy balance to quantify evaporation from bare soil (0×), and two rates of hydromulch application, 1× and 3× (by weight) of manufacturer's recommended rate. Diurnal temperature extremes were highest in the 0× and least in the 3×. Evaporation was highest in the 0× during the final 18 d of data collection and lowest in the 3×. These findings indicate that temperature fluctuations decrease and evaporation is reduced when hydromulch is applied to bare soil, suggesting it may aid in soil reclamation.
Trifoliolate Leaflet Chloride Concentrations for Characterizing Soybean Yield Loss from Chloride Toxicity
Authors: Cox Dillon D. , Slaton Nathan A. , Ross W. Jeremy , Roberts Trenton L.
Published: May 2018

Chloride includer soybean cultivars are more susceptible to chloride toxicity than excluder cultivars.

The critical tissue chloride concentration defining toxicity is lower for excluder cultivars.

Yield loss from chloride toxicity can be predicted by tissue analysis.

Chloride toxicity is a yield limiting problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production, but limited information is available to accurately diagnose and manage Cl toxicity. The research objective was to determine how incremental additions of Cl affect the yield of Cl excluder and includer cultivars and develop critical leaflet‐Cl concentrations that indicate when yield loss from Cl toxicity begins. Six soybean cultivars, three Cl‐includer and three Cl‐excluder cultivars, were planted at five site‐years. Chloride solution containing CaCl2∙2H2O and MgCl2∙6H2O salts was applied to the soil surface beginning at late vegetative growth with final rates ranging from 0 to 1010 kg Cl ha−1. Tissue Cl concentration was measured by sampling trifoliolate leaflets during reproductive growth. Critical leaflet‐Cl concentrations at the R3 stage were developed by regressing relative soybean yield across leaflet‐Cl concentration for each cultivar Cl rating. Chloride addition reduced soybean seed yield, on average, by 17% for Cl includer and 5% for excluder cultivars. Leaflet‐Cl concentration explained 56% of the variability in relative grain yield for Cl excluders and includers. Relative seed yield declined linearly at 2.6% (1000 mg Cl kg)−1 for cultivars within each Cl rating group with 5% yield loss expected when concentrations exceeded 3923 mg Cl kg−1 for includers and 1885 mg Cl kg−1 for excluders. The ability to predict when potentially toxic amounts of Cl are taken up using tissue analysis is the first step in developing management strategies that may help mitigate yield loss.
Yield and Quality Characteristics of Drip‐Irrigated Soybean under Different Irrigation Levels
Authors: Aydinsakir Koksal
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Different irrigation levels affected the yield and quality components of soybean.

Deficit irrigation decreased soybean protein content.

Water deficit treatments caused an increase in the oil content in soybean.

Soybean can be irrigated to 75% of Class A pan evaporation in semiarid conditions with limited water resources.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation levels on the yield and quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Five different irrigation applications designated as full irrigation (I100) with no water stress and slight (I75), mild (I50), severe water stress (I25) and no irrigation (I0) treatments based on the amount of evaporation measured by a Class A pan. The results showed that irrigation levels applied has statistically significant effect on yield and yield components. Water deficit stress significantly (P < 0.01) increased oil content while it decreased protein content. The highest water use obtained in I100 treatment, while the lowest was found in I0 treatment in both years. The maximum yield was obtained from under I100, I75, I50, I25 and I0 treatments as much as 4.01, 3.95, 3.57, 2.83 and 1.92 t ha−1 in 2014 and 4.11, 3.60, 3.24, 2.61 and 1.81 t ha−1 in 2015, respectively. Compared with I100, the 2‐yr average yield reduction for I0, I25, I50, and I75 were 54, 32, 17, and 8%, respectively. The water use efficiency varied from 5.2 to 8.7 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the first year and from 5.6 to 8.3 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the second year, respectively. Based on the results of this study, soybean can be irrigated as much as 100% of Class A pan evaporation in regions with no water scarcity. Under deficit irrigation conditions, as an option, soybean can be irrigated as much as 75% of pan evaporation under Western Mediterranean conditions of Turkey.
Effects of Subsoiling Tillage on Soil Properties, Maize Root Distribution, and Grain Yield on Mollisols of Northeastern China
Authors: Feng Xiaomin , Hao Yubo , Latifmanesh Hojatollah , Lal Rattan , Cao Tiehua , Guo Jinrui , Deng Aixing , Song Zhenwei , Zhang Weijian
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Subsoil tillage (∼30 cm) reduced compaction and increased moisture and N availability on Mollisols.

Subsoiling increased the vertical and horizontal distribution of maize roots between rows rather than in row.

Grain and dry matter yield were 6.3 and 3.7% greater under subsoiling than conventional tillage.

Subsoiling increased maize yield due to improved soil conditions and roots distribution.

Soil compaction creates unfavorable soil physical and nutrient conditions, restrains root penetration and distribution, and reduces crop yield. A field experiment was established to assess the effects of tillage treatments on soil properties, root distribution, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) on some Mollisols of Northeastern China. The two treatments included in rotary tillage (RT) and subsoiling tillage (ST). The results showed that soil bulk density, penetration resistance, soil moisture, available nitrogen content, root distribution of maize, and grain yield were significantly affected by tillage systems. Compared with RT, ST had lower soil bulk density and penetration resistance, but greater soil moisture and available nitrogen contents, especially in subsoil layer (i.e., 15‐ to 45‐ cm). The ST practice significantly increased the average root length density by 13.0% than that of RT mainly due to better vertical and horizontal distribution between the rows. Average grain yield and dry matter weight of maize increased by 693 kg ha−1 (6.3%) and 933 kg ha−1 (3.7%), respectively, under ST compared with those under RT. These data show that subsoiling tillage can loosen the soil, fracture the plow pan, increase the availability and infiltration of soil moisture and nitrogen in subsoil layers, improve the vertical and horizontal extension of maize root system in the soil, and increase grain yield on Mollisols of Northeastern China.
Physiological and Morphological Response of a Drought‐Tolerant Maize Hybrid to Agronomic Management
Authors: Lindsey A. J. , Barker D. J. , Metzger J. D. , Mullen R. W. , Thomison P. R.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Variability in morpho‐physiological traits was documented between hybrids.

Hybrid responses to agronomic management differed in magnitude for select traits.

Traits that improved light interception and utilization were correlated to yield.

Concerns about limited water availability have led to the release of a new generation of drought‐tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, but limited research is available on the morphological and physiological traits that may confer tolerance in these hybrids and the plasticity of these traits under different agronomic management practices. A field study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at three Ohio locations to investigate physiological responses of a drought‐tolerant hybrid (P1352) and a conventional hybrid (P1184) to plant population (59,000 or 104,000 plants ha−1) under May and June planting dates, and correlate physiological traits to grain yield. Measurements included net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, light interception, specific leaf area (SLA), and grain yield. Despite favorable conditions for maize growth, the drought‐tolerant hybrid maintained similar or greater photosynthetic rates (8–10% greater) with a lower stomatal conductance (22–30% less) compared with the conventional hybrid. Across site‐years, the drought‐tolerant and conventional hybrid exhibited similar morphological and physiological responses to plant population and planting date with some variance in magnitude of response for specific traits. The drought‐tolerant hybrid produced greater biomass and SLA than the conventional hybrid, exhibited greater light interception than the conventional hybrid (97 vs. 95%, respectively), and produced 2.5% greater grain yield than the conventional hybrid. Traits correlated to grain yield included plant height, light interception, photosynthetic rate, SLA, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Future evaluations in both stressed and non‐stressed conditions should be conducted with additional hybrid pairs to provide further validation.
Temperature and Manure Placement in a Snowpack Affect Nutrient Release from Dairy Manure during Snowmelt
Authors: Vadas Peter A. , Stock Melanie N. , Feyereisen Gary W. , Arriaga Francisco J. , Good Laura W. , Karthikeyan K. G.
Published: May 2018

Agricultural nutrient management is an issue due to N and P losses from fields and water quality degradation. Better information is needed on the risk of nutrient loss in runoff from dairy manure applied in winter. We investigated the effect of temperature on nutrient release from liquid and semisolid manure to water, and of manure quantity and placement within a snowpack on nutrient release to melting snow. Temperature did not affect manure P and NH4–N release during water extraction. Manure P release, but not NH4–N release, was significantly influenced by the water/manure solids extraction ratio. During snowmelt, manure P release was not significantly affected by manure placement in the snowpack, and the rate of P release decreased as application rate increased. Water extraction data can reliably estimate P release from manure during snowmelt; however, snowmelt water interaction with manure of greater solids content and subsequent P release appears incomplete compared with liquid manures. Manure NH4–N released during snowmelt was statistically the same regardless of application rate. For the semisolid manure, NH4–N released during snowmelt increased with the depth of snow covering it, most likely due to reduced NH3 volatilization. For the liquid manure, there was no effect of manure placement within the snowpack on NH4–N released during snowmelt. Water extraction data can also reliably estimate manure NH4–N release during snowmelt as long as NH3 volatilization is accounted for with liquid manures for all placements in a snowpack and semisolid manures applied on top of snow.

Core Ideas

Nutrient loss in runoff from winter‐applied manure can be significant.

Cold temperatures do not decrease nutrient release from manure to water.

Nutrient release from manure during snowmelt is not a function of placement in a snowpack.

Laboratory extraction data can be used to estimate nutrient release from manure during snowmelt.

Solid manure may release less P during snowmelt than liquid manures.
Speciation of Phosphorus from Agricultural Muck Soils to Stream and Lake Sediments
Authors: Audette Yuki , O'Halloran Ivan P. , Nowell Peter M. , Dyer Richard , Kelly Ross , Voroney R. Paul
Published: May 2018

The nature and management of agricultural soils can influence the forms of legacy P present in affected sediments; however, few studies have specifically characterized P in sediments affected by polder agriculture. In this study, the speciation of P as it flows from the muck soils of the Holland Marsh to the sediments of the West Holland River and Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, was investigated. The distribution of P fractions and the characterization of organic P were analyzed by the sequential fractionation method and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Organic P was the predominant P form (∼58% of total P) in muck soils, whereas the redox‐sensitive P fraction was predominant in surface stream sediments rich in organic matter (∼41–48% of total P), despite these sediments exhibiting near‐neutral pH and high concentrations of both Ca and P. The proportion of relatively recalcitrant organic P forms was much greater in the muck soils than that exhibited by both stream and lake sediments. The decreasing proportion of recalcitrant organic P forms in sediments downstream from the Holland Marsh indicated the potential for faster organic P cycling. Our findings support the notion that diesters and pyrophosphate should be monitored, in addition to loosely bound inorganic P, due to their potential impact on water quality. The unique environment of the streams and lake area is considered to be particularly vulnerable to excessive fertilizer P use in adjacent croplands.

Core Ideas

The predominant P fraction in muck soil was recalcitrant organic P.

The predominant P fraction in organic matter‐rich sediments was redox‐sensitive P.

The predominant form of organic P in sediments was labile orthophosphate diesters.

Organic P cycles faster in stream sediments than that in muck soils.
Adjustment of Biomass Yield to a Dry Matter Basis in Switchgrass Breeding: A Necessity or a Nuisance?
Authors: Casler M. D.
Published: May 2018

Increases in biomass yield of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) have been achieved, but the rate of gain has been slow and would benefit from improved efficiency of selection methods. Dry matter (DM) determinations at the time of harvest are a traditional method to adjust fresh matter yield (FMY) to a DM basis. The purpose of this study was to determine if DM determinations in switchgrass yield evaluations are necessary or unnecessary. Data from 219 trial‐years of 11 published experiments were used to evaluate the value of DM adjustment. Heritability for FMY and dry biomass yield (DBY) were similar, and the genetic correlation between these two traits was >0.8 for 96.7% of the trial‐years. The direct effect of FMY on DBY was three to four times greater than the direct effect of DM concentration. Because DM determination requires a larger field crew at the time of harvest, the use of FMY as a selection criterion requires significantly less labor than DBY at harvest time. Tripling the number of families evaluated and eliminating the DM step would increase the expected genetic gain for DBY by 17%. However, decreasing the number of replicates per family while eliminating the DM step would undermine the gains in efficiency due to reduced heritability for FMY. Although the risk of using FMY is low, achieving this increase in efficiency requires a serious commitment to evaluating a very large number of replicated families in each generation, an effort that may be beyond the ability and scope of most breeding programs.
Probing Oxytetracycline Sorption Mechanism on Kaolinite in a Single Ion and Binary Mixtures with Phosphate using In Situ ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Dolui Manisha , Rakshit Sudipta , Essington Michael E. , Lefèvre Grégory
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Oxytetracycline retention on kaolinite in the presence of phosphate was evaluated.

Advanced in situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopic probe revealed detailed interaction mechanism.

Both oxytetracycline and phosphate bonded on kaolinite via an inner‐sphere mechanism.

Sorption increased for oxytetracycline and phosphate as pH and the initial concentration increased.

Phosphate did not influence oxytetracycline adsorption.

The presence of co‐adsorbing ions can influence antibiotic retention behavior on mineral surfaces. Thus, a thorough evaluation of antibiotic sorption mechanisms in single ion and in competitive sorption systems is essential to predict antibiotic fate and behavior in the environment. Molecular level understanding of these sorption mechanisms is possible by using in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). This tool can identify detailed surface interactions of the functional groups of antibiotics with soil minerals. This study investigates the sorption mechanisms of oxytetracycline (OTC) on kaolinite in a single ion and in binary mixtures with phosphate [P(V)] as a function of solution properties using in situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Three different systems were investigated: P(V) sorption, OTC sorption, and competitive sorption of OTC and P(V) on kaolinite. The results of P(V) alone and OTC alone systems indicated that sorption increased with decreasing pH and increasing initial adsorbate concentration. The major IR bands for P(V) indicated that the sorption occurred via an inner‐sphere mechanism. For OTC, involvement of amide (–CONH2), carbonyl (>C=O) and dimethyl amino groups [–N(CH3)2] in retention were noted by the IR bands. For sorption of OTC and P(V) in binary mixtures, the IR bands of OTC and P(V) sorption on kaolinite did not change relative to the single adsorbate systems, indicating a lack of competitive effects. These findings are important for assessing the potential mobilization of OTC in chemically‐complex soil and sediment environments where P(V) can co‐occur.
Using Water Stable Isotopes in the Unsaturated Zone to Quantify Recharge in Two Contrasted Infiltration Regimes
Authors: Barbecot Florent , Guillon Sophie , Pili Eric , Larocque Marie , Gibert-Brunet Elisabeth , Hélie Jean-François , Noret Aurélie , Plain Caroline , Schneider Vincent , Mattei Alexandra , Meyzonnat Guillaume
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Soil water stable isotope profiles can be used to quantify groundwater recharge.

Climate conditions are recorded in water stable isotope profiles of the unsaturated zone.

Soil water isotope profiles provide insight into the seasonality of recharge events.

A reliable estimate of recharge is needed for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. Water stable isotope (δ18O and δ2H) profiles in the unsaturated zone are frequently used to quantify groundwater recharge based on the seasonality of water isotopic compositions in precipitation. A very simple approach consists of integrating the soil water content between peak values of soil water isotopic composition, typically corresponding to precipitation signatures from warm and cold seasons. When precipitation isotopic compositions are available, a conceptual surface water isotopes budget and lumped parameter dispersion model can be computed. These models were applied on two field sites with similar permeable soils with grass cover but contrasting recharge regimes and seasonality, one in the Paris Basin (France) with continuous recharge from autumn to spring and the other in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) with episodic recharge in fall and after snowmelt. For the two sites, the peak‐to‐peak method and isotope surface budget led to comparable recharge intensities. At least at the Paris Basin site, evaporation was shown to slightly modify the average unsaturated zone and hence groundwater isotope composition. The proposed parameterization of isotope fractionation due to evaporation allows qualitative estimation of the fraction of evaporation, at least during the recharge seasons. In spite of its simplifications and limitations, the proposed parsimonious model can give estimates of recharge in a variety of sites even if they are not well characterized, as it benefits from the large availability of monthly isotopic compositions in precipitation.
Using Grey-based Mathematical Equations of Decision-making as Teaching Scaffolds: from an Unplugged Computational Thinking Activity to Computer Programming
Authors: How Meng-Leong , Looi Chee-Kit
Published: May 2018

Computational Thinking (CT) is pervasive in our daily lives and is useful for problem-solving. Decision-making is a crucial part of problem-solving. In the extant literature, problem-solving strategies in educational settings are often conveniently attributed to intuition; however, it is well documented that computer programmers might even have difficulty describing about their intuitive insights during problem-solving using natural language (such as English), and subsequently convert what has been described using words into software code. Hence, a more analytical approach using mathematical equations and descriptions of CT is offered in this paper as a potential form of rudimentary scaffolding, which might be useful to facilitators and learners of CT-related activities. In the present paper, the decision-making processes during an unplugged CT activity are delineated via Grey-based mathematical equations, which is useful for informing educators who may wish to explain to their learners about the various aspects of CT which are involved in the unplugged activity and simultaneously use these mathematical equations as scaffolds between the unplugged activity and computer code programming. This theoretical manuscript may serve as a base for learners, should the facilitator ask them to embark on a software programming activity that is closely associated to the unplugged CT activity.
PUMPING TESTS AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AN ARTESIAN AQUIFER NEAR HORSENS, DENMARK
Authors: ANDERSEN L. J. , HAMAN Z.
Published: May 2018

In the Egebjerg area, near Horsens, several aquifers consisting of glacial outwash material deposited in a glacial eroded buried valley in the Tertiary formation have been encountered.

The lowest of these, which is the main productive aquifer, and which has leaky artesian conditions, has been investigated. The thickness of this aquifer varies from 10-40 m. The lower confining bed consists of boulder clay or meltwater clay underlain by boulder clay. The upper confining bed, where leakage occurs, consists of meltwater clay with thickness from 0 to 5 m. The upper meltwater deposits include a sequence of interglacial lake deposits and several layers or laminae of clay, which separate this water-bearing material into more aquifers with watertable or artesian conditions. In the eastern part of the area boulder clay deposits are found at the top of the sequence.

The Theis modified non-equilibrium equation and its derived formula for the non-steady-state leaky artesian case have been used to determine aquifer properties from pumping test data. By means of Jacob's method and a logarithmic method, well characteristics are determined graphically. Barometric efficiency, reverse fluctuations, and boundary conditions are recorded and discussed.
ON THE ADHESION OF PORE WATER IN FINNISH ARGILLACEOUS SEDIMENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE
Authors: SOVERI JOUKO
Published: May 2018

In this investigation the conduct of pellicular water influenced by adhesion forces in fine grain soils of different age and at different degrees of consolidation is demonstrated. Because of sparse observational data the results rather indicate a general trend and do not claim to represent absolute values. It is the hope of the author that this work will gradually lead to a better insight into that part of hydrology which until recently has not been much investigated and that it will be of help to the hydrologists making inventory of the areal water regime in the country.