bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative nursing in robot‐assisted urologic surgery: Are there any platform‐based differences?
Authors: Terzoni Stefano , Ferrara Paolo , Maruccia Serena , Pinna Barbara , Parozzi Mauro , Gaia Giorgia , Lusignani Maura , Rocco Bernardo , Sighinolfi Chiara
Published: October 2024

Many robotic platforms are currently available for urologic surgery, each with its technical characteristics. It can be hypothesised that these characteristics might affect postoperative nursing, as they affect several aspects of surgery. They could, therefore, impact the surgical outcomes and wound characteristics, involving aspects of postoperative care such as mobilization, nutrition and length of stay. Although data are available on surgical technique aspects and intraoperative nursing, studies have yet to offer insights and considerations about the potential effect of having different robotic platforms on postoperative nursing care. We aimed to verify whether the technical features of the available robots could impact postoperative nursing. We conducted an integrative review on PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free‐text terms; wildcards and boolean operators were also used. Studies of any design were included. Fifteen papers were retrieved; the key themes emerging from the literature regard trocar setup, technical characteristics of the robots (e.g. single or multiple ports), pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg degree. According to the literature, none of these characteristics produce differences in postoperative nursing. The fundamental concepts of postoperative care in surgical inpatients stay the same no matter the robotic platform used. Having competing platforms able to ensure reduced complications without impacting postoperative nursing allows health care facilities to adopt the newest technologies without the need for differentiated nursing protocols. This is an advantage in times of global nursing shortage as it avoids the need for additional platform‐based nursing training.
The prototypical interferonopathy: Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome from bedside to bench
Authors: Hofer Markus J. , Modesti Nicholson , Coufal Nicole G. , Wang Qingde , Sase Sunetra , Miner Jonathan J. , Vanderver Adeline , Bennett Mariko L.
Published: October 2024

Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a progressive genetic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic mutations in genes controlling cellular anti‐viral responses and nucleic acid metabolism. The mutations initiate autoinflammatory processes in the brain and systemically that are triggered by chronic overproduction of type I interferon (IFN), including IFN‐alpha. Emerging disease‐directed therapies aim to dampen autoinflammation and block cellular responses to IFN production, creating an urgent and unmet need to understand better which cells, compartments, and mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight existing pre‐clinical models of AGS and our current understanding of how causative genetic mutations promote disease in AGS, to promote new model development and a continued focus on improving and directing future therapies.
Higher Contribution of Generalists Than Specialists to the Bacterial Biogeography Across Lakes in Northern China
Authors: Hu Yang , Cai Jian , Chao Jianying , Gong Yi , Jiang Xingyu , Tang Xiangming , Shao Keqiang , Gao Guang
Published: October 2024

Aim

Given that microbial communities normally comprise generalist and specialist species, there have been limited efforts to estimate the contribution of these sub‐communities to bacterial biogeography regarding ecological assembly processes and nestedness structure. To resolve this gap, we studied the spatial distribution of bacterioplankton communities and their generalist and specialist sub‐communities, as well as the underlying assembly processes.

Location

Six lakes span three climate zones in northern China.

Time Period

September 2021.

Methods

By separately analysing the generalist and specialist sub‐communities from the whole communities, we investigated the relationships between sub‐communities and the entire communities in terms of distance‐decay pattern, nestedness, and assembly processes. As such, we assessed the contribution of generalist and specialist sub‐communities to the biogeographic patterns of the whole communities.

Major Taxa Studies

Bacterial community.

Results

Generalist sub‐communities were more diverse but less abundant than specialist sub‐communities. In line with the whole communities, both types of sub‐communities exhibited distance‐decay relationships at the regional scale, with the slope of specialists being steeper than that of generalists. Additionally, generalist sub‐communities and whole communities also exhibited similar nestedness patterns, in which assemblages from saline water were the subset of those from freshwater. In terms of assembly processes, generalist sub‐communities and whole communities were strongly regulated by homogeneous selection, whereas specialist sub‐communities were mainly shaped by dispersal limitation. More importantly, there was a transition from stochastic to deterministic assembly processes for generalist sub‐communities and whole communities and generalist sub‐communities with increasing total dissolved solids.

Main Conclusions

Relative to the specialists, the assembly processes and nestedness pattern were more altered if the generalists were absent, which implies the higher contribution of generalist sub‐communities on the biogeography of whole communities at the regional scale.
Safer and targeted use of antipsychotics in youth: an embedded, pragmatic randomized trial
Authors: Penfold Robert B. , Idu Abisola E. , Coley R. Yates , Cushing‐Haugen Kara L. , King Deborah , Glass Ashley , Phillips Rebecca C. , Renz Anne D. , Pabiniak Chester J. , Graham Vina F. , Thompson Ella E. , Ralston James D. , Simon Gregory E. , Gonzalez Erin S. , Myers Kathleen M. , Beck Arne , Quintana LeeAnn M. , Runkle Arthur J. , Rogers Megan , Foster Deirdre M. , Clarke Gregory N. , Massimino Stefan , Crawford Phillip M. , Cavese Julie A. , Cordaro Anthony R. , Chavez Laura I. , Kelleher Kelly J. , Schwartz Nadine , Jiner Kristina R. , Liu Swan Bee , Condrac Sara , Hilt Robert J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Antipsychotic medications (AP) are inappropriately prescribed to young people. The goal of this pragmatic trial was to test a four‐component approach to improved targeting of antipsychotic prescribing to people aged ≥3 and <18 years.

Methods

Clinicians in four health systems were cluster randomized by the number of previous AP orders and service line – specialty mental health and all others. Intervention arm clinicians received a best practice alert and child psychiatrist consultation and feedback. Families received system navigation and expedited access to psychotherapy. Primary outcomes were total days' supply of AP medication and proportion of youth with any AP supply at 6 months. We estimated the log‐odds of AP use at 6 months and the relative rate of AP over 6 months. The Safer and Targeted Use of Antipsychotics in Youth (SUAY) trial took place between 3/2018 and 12/2020.

Results

The trial enrolled 733 patients. The odds ratio (OR) comparing use at 6 months was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.52, 1.09). The mean number of days using AP was 118.5 for intervention patients and 128.2 for control patients (relative risk [RR] = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.81–1.04). Exploratory heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) was not detected in groups defined by age, gender, provider specialty, and insurance type. HTE by race/ethnicity was present: among youth of color, mean days' supply was 103.2 for intervention arm and 131.2 for the control arm (RR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.93). Among secondary outcomes, only new psychotherapy referrals differed with 44.3% (n = 154) of intervention participants having a new order for psychotherapy compared to 33.5% (n = 129) in the control arm (OR 1.47: 95% CI: 1.01–2.14).

Conclusions

This intervention did not result in less AP use at 6 months or a reduction in the days' supply of AP medication, although psychotherapy orders increased. The intervention may be effective for some subgroups.
Impact of COVID‐19 on health‐related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nurmukanova Dinara , Kurakbayev Kuralbay , Karataev Madamin , Baisugurova Venera , Kashafutdinova Gulzhakhan
Published: October 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted healthcare access for cardiovascular patients, potentially worsening their health outcomes and quality of life through both medical and psychological impacts.

Aims

This cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods

The work was conducted from January 9 to April 28, 2023, in Almaty city and the Almaty region. 3026 outpatients with cardiovascular pathology participated in the survey using a standardised European Quality of Life Questionnaire. The study utilized cluster, frequency analysis, and discrete statistics to analyze the impact of COVID‐19 on quality of life parameters, revealing significant changes in anxiety and depression among cardiovascular patients, resulting in reduced quality of life (from 0.3% to 5.5% and 0.4; to 7.5% in the categories of extremely severe and severe manifestations, respectively).

Results

An analysis of the nosological structure of cardiovascular diseases in the study group was performed and revealed that coronary heart disease occurred in 51.6% of cases, arterial hypertension in 88%, and diabetes mellitus in 34.6%. The availability of both outpatient and inpatient medical services in Almaty region and Almaty city was also assessed, and their comparative analysis was conducted, during which it was found that the need for these services in the district settlements is 10% and 12% higher, respectively, than in the city, which is particularly important for understanding the effectiveness of the public health system in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, both at the regional and republican levels.

Conclusion

This study is of practical importance for health care workers, as it allows assessing the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, which provides an opportunity to develop effective rehabilitation protocols and psychological support for this vulnerable category.
Alveolar Bone Reconstruction Simultaneous to Implant Removal due to Advanced Peri‐Implantitis Defects: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Monje Alberto , Soldini Maria Costanza , Rosen Paul S. , Tarnow Dennis , Nart Jose , Pons Ramón
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of alveolar bone reconstruction simultaneous to implant removal due to peri‐implantitis.

Material and Methods

Partial or fully dentulous patients subjected to implant removal due to advanced peri‐implantitis (≥ 50% of bone loss) lesions and seeking to have the failed implant replaced for esthetic or functional reasons were consecutively included. Guided bone regeneration was performed by means of a mixture of xenograft and autogenous bone and a ribose cross‐linked barrier membrane. Re‐entry for implant placement was performed at 4‐month follow‐up. Overall, six radiographic variables were assessed before (T0) and after (T1) alveolar bone reconstruction at four levels in ridge width (RW) and height (RH). Peri‐implant conditions were evaluated at latest follow‐up. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression models were calculated using generalized estimation equations to evaluate the effect of baseline upon reconstructive outcomes.

Results

In total, 20 patients (nimplant = 39) met the inclusion criteria. Alveolar RW and RH were augmented from T0 to T1 at all levels. All implants achieved primary stability. Only ~13% were subjected to ancillary bone regeneration simultaneous to implant placement. After a mean follow‐up period after loading of ~2.2 years, ~70% implants demonstrated peri‐implant health, while mucositis was diagnosed in the remaining implants.

Conclusion

The performance of alveolar bone reconstruction in residual partially contained defects simultaneous to implant removal due to peri‐implantitis lesions demonstrates being safe and effective for implant site development.
The MON1–CCZ1 complex plays dual roles in autophagic degradation and vacuolar protein transport in rice
Authors: Zhang Binglei , Wang Yihua , Zhu Yun , Pan Tian , Yan Haigang , Wang Xin , Jing Ruonan , Wu Hongming , Wang Fan , Zhang Yu , Bao Xiuhao , Wang Yongfei , Zhang Pengcheng , Chen Yu , Duan Erchao , Han Xiaohang , Wan Gexing , Yan Mengyuan , Sun Xiejun , Lei Cailin , Cheng Zhijun , Zhao Zhichao , Jiang Ling , Bao Yiqun , Ren Yulong , Wan Jianmin
Published: October 2024

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular program in eukaryotic cells which mediates the degradation of cytoplasmic components through the lysosome, also named the vacuole in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the fusion of autophagosomes with the vacuole remain unclear. Here, we report the functional characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant with defects in storage protein transport in endosperm cells and accumulation of numerous autophagosomes in root cells. Cytological and immunocytochemical experiments showed that this mutant exhibits a defect in the fusion between autophagosomes and vacuoles. The mutant harbors a loss‐of‐function mutation in the rice homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana MONENSIN SENSITIVITY1 (MON1). Biochemical and genetic evidence revealed a synergistic interaction between rice MON1 and AUTOPHAGY‐RELATED 8a in maintaining normal growth and development. In addition, the rice mon1 mutant disrupted storage protein sorting to protein storage vacuoles. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics verified that the loss of MON1 function influenced diverse biological pathways including autophagy and vacuolar transport, thus decreasing the transport of autophagic and vacuolar cargoes to vacuoles. Together, our findings establish a molecular link between autophagy and vacuolar protein transport, and offer insights into the dual functions of the MON1–CCZ1 (CAFFEINE ZINC SENSITIVITY1) complex in plants.
Effect of rooming‐in kangaroo mother care on breastfeeding and behavioral status of full‐term newborns
Authors: Ying Yin , Chen Sichao , Bei Lijun , Ye Junhua , Jin Shan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We aimed to assess the effects of rooming‐in kangaroo mother care (KMC) on the breastfeeding and behavioral status of full‐term newborns.

Materials and methods

Full‐term newborns born from June to December 2021 were divided into Group A (n = 50) and Group B (n = 50) using a random number table. The rooming‐in routine nursing intervention and KMC were given to Group A (n = 50) and Group B, respectively. The outcomes were compared.

Results

The scores of breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding skills, and sense of responsibility for breastfeeding of Group B were higher than those of Group A (p < 0.05). The breastfeeding rate and lactation yield within 3 days of Group B were higher than those of Group A (p < 0.05). Compared with Group A, Group B had higher effective sucking times of newborns and lower behavioral status scores 1, 2, and 3 days after birth, and shorter duration of crying after invasive operation (p < 0.05). The newborns in Group B had better sleep quality, longer sleep time, and lower procedural pain score than those of Group A (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Rooming‐in KMC improves the maternal breastfeeding self‐efficacy, breastfeeding rate, and lactation yield, ameliorates the behavioral status and sleep quality of newborns, shortens the crying time and relieves the procedural pain.
ZC3H13‐induced the m6A modification of hsa_circ_0081723 promotes cervical cancer progression via AMPK/p53 pathway
Authors: Wei Qiong , Yang Yi , Li Chun , Wang Huimin
Published: October 2024

Background

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to participate in cervical cancer (CC) progression. However, the function of a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0081723, has not yet been explored in CC. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential role of hsa_circ_0081723 and its m6A modification in CC.

Methods

The hsa_circ_0081723 and ZC3H13 expressions were examined by qRT‐PCR in the CC tissues, and their prognostic significance was evaluated via Kaplan–Meier Plotter. The role of hsa_circ_0081723 in CC progression was checked by loss‐of‐function assays. The relative protein levels of AMPK/p53 pathway were determined by western blotting. The interactions of hsa_circ_0081723 and ZC3H13 were verified via MeRIP and RNA stability assays.

Results

The hsa_circ_0081723 expression was elevated in CC samples, and its higher levels indicated high histological grade, high FIGO stage, poor differentiation, and poor prognosis. Functionally, silencing hsa_circ_0081723 impaired the malignant behavior of CC cells and enhanced the protein levels of key molecules of the AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, ZC3H13 was also elevated in CC samples and demonstrated a positive association with hsa_circ_0081723. The relative enrichment of hsa_circ_0081723 m6A and its stability were enhanced in ZC3H13 overexpressed CC cells. Mechanically, ZC3H13 overexpression partially reversed the antitumor effects caused by hsa_circ_0081723 knockdown in CC cells.

Conclusions

This study innovatively demonstrates that ZC3H13‐mediated m6A modification of hsa_circ_0081723 promotes CC progression by modulating AMPK/p53 pathway. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CC and offer potential therapeutic targets for clinical treatment.
Assessment of hemodynamic parameters and caudal vena cava‐to‐aorta ratio pre‐ and post‐pericardiocentesis in dogs with cardiac tamponade
Authors: Moumadah Y. , Combet‐Curt J. , Pouzot‐Nevoret C. , Barthelemy A. , Cambournac M.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To evaluate haemodynamic parameters and ultrasonographic measurements of the caudal vena‐cava‐to‐aorta ratio at the splenorenal view in canine cardiac tamponade before and 30 minutes after pericardiocentesis.

Materials and Methods

Dogs presenting with cardiac tamponade at two veterinary hospitals were included. Triage examination, noninvasive systolic arterial blood pressure, shock index, venous lactatemia and POCUS results were recorded at admission and 30 minutes after pericardiocentesis.

Results

This prospective observational study included 22 dogs, and all had an increased caudal vena‐cava‐to‐aorta ratio. After pericardiocentesis, there were significant changes in vital signs, including a decrease in the median heart rate by 42.1%, a decrease in the median respiratory rate by 40.1%, and an increase in the median rectal temperature from 37.8°C (range: 35.6 to 39.2) to 38.1°C ( 36.1 to 38.7). In regards of hemodynamic parameters, the median systolic arterial pressure increased significantly by 23.2%, the shock index decreased significantly by 52.8%, the median lactate level decreased significantly from 6.1 mmol/L (1.4 to 14.7) to 3.6 mmol/L (1.1 to 13.6), and the median caudal vena‐cava‐to‐aorta ratio decreased significantly by 37.5%, from 1.76 (1.35 to 2.13) to 1.12 (0.91 to 1.51).

Clinical Significance

This study demonstrated an increased caudal vena‐cava‐to‐aorta ratio in dogs with cardiac tamponade and a rapid haemodynamic improvement in dogs with cardiac tamponade within 30 minutes  of the pericardiocentesis, resulting in excellent short‐term prognosis.
Evaluation of oxidative stress in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chen Hilla , Segev Gilad
Published: October 2024

Background

Oxidative stress is a potential contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression but has not been evaluated in dogs and cats with CKD.

Hypothesis

Oxidative stress is higher in animals with CKD compared with healthy controls and decreases with the advancing CKD stage. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and intensity of oxidative stress in dogs and cats at different CKD stages.

Animals

Sixty dogs and 30 cats with naturally acquired CKD; 10 dogs and 14 cats, healthy controls.

Methods

Analytical cross‐sectional study. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the urinary concentration of F2‐isoprostane (uF2‐IsoPs) normalized to urinary creatinine.

Results

Urinary F2‐isoprostanes normalized to urinary creatinine of healthy dogs and of dogs with CKD Stages 1 to 4 was 3.3 ng/mg, 4.7 ng/mg (range, 1.0‐73.4), 2.4 ng/mg (range, 0.4‐7.8), 0.52 ng/mg (range, 0.01‐2.9), and 0.37 ng/mg (range, 0.01‐0.6), respectively. Urinary F2‐isoprostanes differed among CKD stages (P < .001), but not compared with controls. uF2‐IsoPs of healthy cats and cats with CKD Stages 1 to 4 was 0.68 ng/mg (range, 0.2‐1.4), 0.97 ng/mg (range, 0.4‐1.8), 0.6 ng/mg (range, 0.002‐2.0), 0.94 ng/mg (range, 0.3‐2.3), and 0.2 ng/mg (range, 0.01‐0.4). Urinary F2‐isoprostanes differed among stages (P = .05) but not compared with healthy controls.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Oxidative stress might be present in dogs and cats with CKD. Its magnitude declines as the disease progresses, therefore, it should be considered a potential therapeutic target mostly at the early stages of the disease.
Multicenter study of factors associated with nonsurvival in hospitalized periparturient goats
Authors: Luethy Daniela , Cabrera Catalina , Coll‐Roman Lisette M. , VanderBroek Ashley R. , Bauck Anje G. , Stockler Jenna W. , Scully Clare , Kelleman Audrey A. , Mackay Evelyn E. , Depenbrock Sarah M. , Fecteau Marie‐Eve , Abraham Michelle , Leduc Laurence , Noll Charlene V. , Hernandez Jorge A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Periparturient reproductive complications appear to be common in hospitalized goats. More information is needed about periparturient reproductive complications and survival in goats with these conditions.

Objective

Identify exposure factors associated with nonsurvival in periparturient does hospitalized ≤1 day or ≥2 days.

Animals

A total of 198 periparturient does presented to 9 university veterinary hospitals from October 2021 to June 2022.

Methods

Multicenter, matched case‐control study. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify exposure factors associated with nonsurvival in periparturient does hospitalized ≤1 day or ≥2 days.

Results

Overall doe survival was 79% (156/198). Survival in the 1st day of hospitalization was 71% (52/73) and survival in does hospitalized ≥2 days was 83% (104/125). Among goats hospitalized ≤1 day, labor duration before admission (odds ratio [OR] = 4.8; P = .04), uterine tears (OR = 48.2; P < .001), and vaginal/perineal trauma diagnosed during hospitalization (OR = 6.2; P = .03) were associated with nonsurvival. Among goats hospitalized ≥2 days, factors associated with nonsurvival included labor duration before admission (OR = 6.2; P = .004), pregnancy toxemia (OR = 6.07; P = .04), and Cesarean section (OR = 11.35; P = .02).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Longer labor duration before admission is an important predictor of nonsurvival in hospitalized does. Clients should be educated that early detection and veterinary care are critical for improving outcome in periparturient does.
Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated central nervous system vasculitis mimicking brain tumor: A case report
Authors: Maeda Yukiko , Ikeguchi Ryotaro , Masui Kenta , Kurata Atsushi , Kitagawa Kazuo , Shimizu Yuko
Published: October 2024

Here, we report a case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis that mimicked a brain tumor. The patient presented with progressive right upper arm weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed large tumor‐like lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes, with patchy and irregular enhancement with gadolinium and edema. Based on the clinical course and radiological findings, a brain tumor was suspected, and stereotactic brain biopsy was performed. Brain histopathology revealed necrotic tissue and lymphocyte infiltration around small vessels and blood vessel walls. Although the patient's clinical course and pathological findings suggested primary angiitis of CNS (PACNS), double staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CD31 (a neutrophil marker) revealed infiltration of MPO‐positive neutrophils in the blood vessel walls. Therefore, we diagnosed the patient with ANCA‐associated CNS vasculitis. Because CNS vasculitis, including PACNS, presents nonspecific clinical findings and can depict brain tumor‐like MRI findings, CNS vasculitis should be carefully differentiated from brain tumors. Additionally, double staining for MPO and CD31 might be useful for evaluating the pathogenesis of CNS vasculitis.
Effects of Active Presurgical Orthopaedics Appliances in Infants With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and ‘T‐Shaped’ Alveolus: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi‐Huyen , Ho Thuy‐Trang Thi , Nguyen Dau Van , Huynh Nam Cong‐Nhat
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of active presurgical orthopaedics appliances in infants presenting with complete unilateral cleft lip and overlapped alveolus (T‐shaped alveolus).

Materials and Methods

A retrospective and prospective longitudinal study was performed. Infants diagnosed with complete unilateral cleft lip and overlapped alveolus, received treatment with the active presurgical orthopaedics appliances from June 2020 to June 2023, at Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City. The treatment duration averaged 3 months. Pre‐ and posttreatment casts of noses and alveolus were scanned using TRIOS3 Wireless intraoral scanner (3Shape, Denmark) and analysed with Slicer 5.2.2 software. There were 16 quantitative variables. A pair t‐test and Wilcoxon signed ranks were used for analysis. The statistical significance was adopted as p < 0.05.

Results

A total 40 patients (17 males, 23 females, mean age 23.85 ± 19.22 days) were evaluated. After treatment, the nostril height increased by 2.62 ± 0.22 mm and the deviation columella decreased by −23.45° ± 2.29°. There was a reduction in cleft gap (−3.77 ± 2.01 mm), and in the overlap of alveolus (−3.71 ± 1.83 mm), the growth of cleft segment increased by 2.27 ± 2.00 mm, while the rotation of the noncleft side alveolus decreased by −5.29° ± 5.31°. The changes were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Active presurgical orthopaedics appliances improved the nasal deformity and overlapped alveolus morphology in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and T‐shaped alveolus.
A Preliminary Study on Kinetic Analysis of Ground Reaction Force and Impulse During Gait in Patients With Total Hip Replacement and Implication for Rehabilitation
Authors: Zhao Yuting , Raza Wasim , Arnold Graham , Li Penghai , Wang Weijie
Published: October 2024

Background

There is little research done on ground reaction forces (GRF) in terms of 3D impulses after total hip replacement (THR). This study aimed to investigate the GRFs and 3D impulses in four sub‐phases of stance during gait in the patients undergoing THR.

Methods

A total of 10 pain‐free THR patients and 10 healthy people were recruited. This is an observational and retrospective study. The gait data was collected between 2008 and 2014 and analyzed between 2020 and 2024. All the participants were included in the three‐dimensional gait analysis. Gait parameters, phase durations, GRFs and impulses' key values during gait were calculated in four sub‐phases of stance. Statistical comparisons were performed with generalized linear models including age, gender, body mass index and walking speed as interactive factors.

Results

It is found that (1) cadence, walking speed, stride length and step width in THR group were significantly decreased in compared with control group; (2) the THR decreased loading response duration in operative side and pre‐swing duration in non‐operative side compared with the control group, but the THR's two sides have similar duration proportions in sub‐stance phases; (3) the THR group had lower GRFs than the control group in vertical direction but higher in the medial–lateral direction; (4) in operative side, the THR's impulses in loading response phase were lower than the control group in anterior–posterior direction, and (5) in non‐operative side, the THR's impulse in pre‐swing phase in anterior–posterior direction was higher than the control side.

Conclusion

The THR group showed slower walking speeds than the control group. The reasons could be from the decreased impulse in loading response phase, the decreased 2nd peak of GRF and the decreased pre‐swing impulse in vertical direction in operative side. Clinicians are suggested to consider the information provided when designing relevant rehabilitation exercises on the related muscles and functions.
Cultural theory and political philosophy: Why cognitive biases toward ambiguous risk explain both beliefs about nature's resilience and political preferences regarding the organization of society
Authors: Davidson Marc D.
Published: October 2024

Many studies have observed a correlation between beliefs regarding nature's resilience and (political) preferences regarding the organization of society. Liberal‐egalitarians, for example, generally believe nature to be much more fragile than libertarians, who believe nature to be much more resilient. Cultural theory explains this correlation by the idea that people are only able to see those risks that fit their preferred organization of society. This article offers an alternative, second explanation for the observed correlation: Both beliefs regarding nature's resilience and political preferences can be explained by the same cognitive biases toward ambiguous risk, that is, dispositions determining our expectations regarding the possible state of affairs resulting from our acts and their probabilities. This has consequences for political philosophy and the psychology of risk. In particular, there is a knowledge gap in psychology regarding the cognitive biases underlying the belief that despite ambiguity, experts can determine safe limits for human impacts on the environment.
Research on digital discretion—The subjectification of street‐level work in public administration
Authors: Johansson Jörgen
Published: October 2024

The article presents a systematic review of scholarly articles (n = 168) focused on digital discretion—how digital technologies affect the discretionary autonomy of street‐level bureaucrats. Two analytical tasks are performed concerning how digital transformation has affected (1) the relations between top‐down governing and the work of street‐level bureaucrats and (2) street‐level bureaucrats in the encounter with individuals. The documentation shows an expanding research area, and most articles showcase various subjectification effects when street‐level bureaucrats become screen‐ or system‐level bureaucrats. Street‐level bureaucrats are under increasing pressure from changing political rationalities consisting of streams of scientific knowledge, societal discourses, and the need for changes in governmental practices. The transformation carries political rationalities that fundamentally reshape value structures, organizing, and working methods of street‐level work. Still, the research area needs further development and consolidation. The reviewed research analyzes policies without considering the political content developed during policy initiation, formulation, and decision‐making. Instead, the research is characterized by a short‐sighted analytical perspective on how individual street‐level bureaucrats handle a changing technological development.
Longitudinal analysis of growth and nutritional disparities across socio‐demographics from early childhood to adolescence: Findings from the Indian cohort of the Young Lives Survey
Authors: Das Sumit Kumar , Khan Maroof Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Previous studies generally used cross‐sectional data and focused on under‐five children to assess the risk factors for malnutrition among Indian children. Some recent studies have reported that recovery from or faltering in malnutrition is possible after five years of age, but socio‐demographic subgroup disparities have not been explored. This study aims to find the longitudinal disparity in height‐for‐age Z‐scores (HAZ) and body‐mass‐index‐for‐age Z‐scores (BMIAZ scores) across various sub‐groups of a cohort from childhood to adolescence.

Methods

This study used a cohort from the Young Lives Survey, which followed children aged of 1–15 years between 2002 and 2016–17 in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India. Mixed‐effect models were applied to find the main, time, and interaction effects of HAZ scores and BMIAZ scores. In addition, an extended Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition approach to assess group‐based differences over time was used.

Results

The cross‐sectional prevalence of stunting reduced across all subgroups, while thinness rose during the same period. The interactions of child sex, mother's education, place of residence, wealth index, and antenatal care with time were statistically significant at p <0.05. The gender disparity in adjusted HAZ score  decreased from 0.214 units at 1 year to 0.011 units at 15 years, whereas BMIAZ score differential increased from 0.106 to 0.538 units over same timeframe. Disparities in scores were also observed across rural–urban, maternal education, social group, religion, socioeconomic status, maternal age at birth, antenatal care, and premature birth status.

Conclusion

The study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of paediatric growth, emphasising the importance of longitudinal approaches in understanding and addressing the health disparities across different stages of childhood and adolescence.
Resilient education: The role of digital technology in supporting geographical education in Ukraine
Authors: Hutchinson Simon M. , Hurrell Elizabeth R. , Borysenko Kateryna , Popov Vladyslav , Kholiavchuk Dariia , Popiuk Yana
Published: October 2024

This commentary spotlights the continued impact of the Russian invasion on geography education in higher education in Ukraine. From discussions with Ukrainian geographers in institutions in contrasting regions of the country, we describe their resilience in adapting the delivery of the physical geography curriculum, especially in the essential area of fieldwork and the use of digital tools. This ‘lived experience’ perspective builds on the theoretical contributions to the discussion initiated by Klinke (2023) in this journal about the challenges posed for geographers. In the third year of the conflict, the challenges set out are considerable, long term, and we call for individuals, universities and funders to further facilitate teaching and learning collaborations despite the limited funds available for the exchange of teaching and learning support and innovation.
Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of seminal vesiculitis with nonmineral stones in a guinea pig: Case report
Authors: de Souza Mariana Giendruczak , Sueiro Felipe Augusto Ruiz , Batalha Luis Felipe Bartholomeu , Feliciano Marcus Antônio Rossi
Published: October 2024

This case report refers to a 1‐year‐old Guinea pig showing signs of anorexia and antipain posture. On abdominal radiography, five rounded mineral opaque structures were evident in the mid‐caudal abdomen. On ultrasound, a right seminal vesicle with a reduction in diameter was observed, containing less echogenic material than the contralateral one, with five oval structures with a hyperechogenic contour and a central hypoechogenic area, forming acoustic shadowing. The left seminal vesicle presented with the usual characteristics. After bilateral vesiculectomy, the patient recovered well, with no further symptoms. The histopathological result was a suppurative/abscessive inflammatory process with an accumulation of proteinaceous material.
Impact of a two‐stage rumen cannulation on the health and rumen function of six lactating dairy cows
Authors: Hartinger Thomas , Beissel Laura , Castillo‐Lopez Ezequias , Wittek Thomas , Huber Johann , Zebeli Qendrim
Published: October 2024

Objective

To determine the impact of a two‐stage rumen cannulation on the health and rumen function of lactating dairy cows.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

Six lactating Holstein cows.

Methods

We performed a two‐stage rumen cannulation in six Holstein cows that were 49 ± 11 days in milk. The following clinical health parameters and digestion‐associated variables were analyzed on seven measurement days, from before the first surgery until 28 days after the second surgery: body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, pain score, rumen fill score, fecal score, wet sieving, auscultation and palpation of the rumen, bodyweight, body condition score, and activity.

Results

The pain score of the cows was constantly zero. Similarly, the body temperature and respiratory rate remained within physiological ranges, whereas the heart rate was slightly higher immediately after the second surgery. No differences were observed in rumen fill (2.00–2.67; p = .10) and fecal consistency scores (2.17–2.67; p = .42). The fecal particle size distribution showed negligible differences. The cows lost approximately 43 kg of bodyweight during the experiment (p < .01), which was reflected in a 0.5‐point body condition score loss (p < .01).

Conclusion

A temporary minimal negative effect of a two‐stage rumenostomy on the health and body condition of early lactating Holstein cows was observed, whereas digestion was unaffected. Considering the limited sample size, further studies are required to substantiate these findings.

Clinical significance

Given that animals are appropriately medically managed, experimental rumenostomy of lactating dairy cows may not compromise their health or rumen function.
The magnitude of exercise‐induced progenitor cell mobilisation and extravasation is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Ross Mark , Aldred Sarah , Drayson Mark T. , Bosch Jos A. , Turner James E.
Published: October 2024

CD34+ progenitor cells with angiogenic capabilities traffic into blood during exercise and extravasate afterwards but the magnitude of this response varies between people. We examined whether exercise‐induced progenitor cell trafficking is influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen uptake; ). Ten males (age: 23 ± 3 years; : 61.88 ± 4.68 mL kg min−1) undertook 1 h of treadmill running at 80% of . Blood samples were collected before exercise (Pre), in the final minute of exercise (0 h) and afterwards at 0.25, 1 and 24 h. Pan‐progenitor cells (CD34+, CD34+CD45dim) and putative endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+CD133+, CD34+VEGFR2+, CD34+CD45dimVEGFR2+) were quantified using flow cytometry. Progenitor subpopulations (except for CD34+CD45dimVEGFR2+) increased at 0 h (P < 0.05) and returned to pre‐exercise levels by 1 h. was positively associated with the exercise‐induced progenitor cell response and there were statistically significant time × interactions for CD34+, CD34+CD45dim and CD34+CD133+ subpopulations but not VEGFR2‐expressing progenitor cells. There were statistically significant correlations between and ingress (r > 0.70, P < 0.025) and egress (r > −0.77, P < 0.009) of progenitor cell subsets (CD34+, CD34+CD45dim, CD34+CD133+), showing that cardiorespiratory fitness influences the magnitude of progenitor cell mobilisation into the blood and subsequent extravasation. These data may provide a link between high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and vascular health.
Range-dynamical low-rank split-step Fourier method for the parabolic wave equation
Authors: Charous Aaron , Lermusiaux Pierre F. J.
Published: October 2024

Numerical solutions to the parabolic wave equation are plagued by the curse of dimensionality coupled with the Nyquist criterion. As a remedy, a new range-dynamical low-rank split-step Fourier method is developed. The integration scheme scales sub-linearly with the number of classical degrees of freedom in the transverse directions. It is orders of magnitude faster than the classic full-rank split-step Fourier algorithm and saves copious amounts of storage space. This enables numerical solutions of the parabolic wave equation at higher frequencies and on larger domains, and simulations may be performed on laptops rather than high-performance computing clusters. Using a rank-adaptive scheme to optimize the low-rank equations further ensures the approximate solution is highly accurate and efficient. The methodology and algorithms are demonstrated on realistic high-resolution data-assimilative ocean fields in Massachusetts Bay for two three-dimensional acoustic configurations with different source locations and frequencies. The acoustic pressure, transmission loss, and phase solutions are analyzed in the two geometries with seamounts and canyons across and along Stellwagen Bank. The convergence with the rank of the subspace and the properties of the rank-adaptive scheme are demonstrated, and all results are successfully compared with those of the full-rank method when feasible.
Neurodevelopmental timing and socio-cognitive development in a prosocial cooperatively breeding primate (
Callithrix jacchus
)
Authors: Cerrito Paola , Gascon Eduardo , Roberts Angela C. , Sawiak Stephen J. , Burkart Judith M.
Published: October 2024

Primate brain development is shaped by inputs received during critical periods. These inputs differ between independent and cooperative breeders: In cooperative breeders, infants interact with multiple caregivers. We study how the neurodevelopmental timing of the cooperatively breeding common marmoset maps onto behavioral milestones. To obtain structure-function co-constructions, we combine behavioral, neuroimaging (anatomical and functional), and neural tracing experiments. We find that brain areas critically involved in observing conspecifics interacting (i) develop in clusters, (ii) have prolonged developmental trajectories, (iii) differentiate during the period of negotiations between immatures and multiple caregivers, and (iv) do not share stronger connectivity than with other regions. Overall, developmental timing of social brain areas correlates with social and behavioral milestones in marmosets and, as in humans, extends into adulthood. This rich social input is likely critical for the emergence of their strong socio-cognitive skills. Because humans are cooperative breeders too, these findings have strong implications for the evolution of human social cognition.
Directed evolution of bacteriophages: thwarted by prolific prophage
Authors: Peters Tracey Lee , Schow Jacob , Spencer Emma , Van Leuven James T. , Wichman Holly , Miller Craig
Published: October 2024

Various directed evolution methods exist that seek to procure bacteriophages with expanded host ranges, typically targeting phage-resistant or non-permissive bacterial hosts. The general premise of these methods involves propagating phage(s) on multiple bacterial hosts, pooling the lysate, and repeating this process until phage(s) can form plaques on the target host(s). In theory, this produces a lysate containing input phages and their evolved phage progeny. However, in practice, this lysate can also include prophages originating from bacterial hosts. Here, we describe our experience implementing one directed evolution method, the Appelmans protocol, to study phage evolution in the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
phage–host system, where we observed rapid host-range expansion of the phage cocktail. Further experimentation and sequencing revealed that the observed host-range expansion was due to a
Casadabanvirus
prophage originating from a lysogenic host that was only included in the first three rounds of the experiment. This prophage could infect five of eight bacterial hosts initially used, allowing it to persist and proliferate until the termination of the experiment. This prophage was represented in half of the sequenced phage samples isolated from the Appelmans experiment, but despite being subjected to directed evolution conditions, it does not appear to have evolved. This work highlights the impact of prophages in directed evolution experiments and the importance of genetically verifying output phages, particularly for those attempting to procure phages intended for phage therapy applications. This study also notes the usefulness of intraspecies antagonism assays between bacterial host strains to establish a baseline for inhibitory activity and determine the presence of prophage.

IMPORTANCE

Directed evolution is a common strategy for evolving phages to expand the host range, often targeting pathogenic strains of bacteria. In this study, we investigated phage host-range expansion using directed evolution in the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
system. We show that prophages are active players in directed evolution and can contribute to observation of host-range expansion. Since prophages are prevalent in bacterial hosts, particularly pathogenic strains of bacteria, and all directed evolution approaches involve iteratively propagating phage on one or more bacterial hosts, the presence of prophage in phage preparations is a factor that needs to be considered in experimental design and interpretation of results. These results highlight the importance of screening for prophages either genetically or through intraspecies antagonism assays during selection of bacterial strains and will contribute to improving the experimental design of future directed evolution studies.
Development of a suite of
Proteus mirabilis
-derived urea-inducible promoters
Authors: Fitzgerald Madison J. , Scavone Abigail , Moolaveesala Chaitra , Pearson Melanie M. , Mobley Harry L. T.
Published: October 2024

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a significant burden on healthcare systems, accounting for up to 40% of hospital-acquired infections globally. A prevalent CAUTI pathogen,
Proteus mirabilis,
is an understudied Gram-negative bacterium. One sequela of
P. mirabilis
CAUTI is the production of urinary stones, which complicates treatment and clearing of the infection. Stone formation is induced by the activity of urease, a nickel-metalloenzyme that is regulated by UreR in a urea-dependent manner. As urea is abundant in the urinary tract, urease genes are highly expressed during experimental UTI. We sought to leverage the urease promoter to create an expression system that would enable urea-inducible expression of genes during
in vitro
experiments as well as during experimental UTI. During preliminary studies, we observed unexpectedly high levels of basal expression of the urease promoter. This was somewhat dependent on the presence of regulator UreR. To further develop this expression system, we generated a series of reporter constructs to assess the impact of specific promoter elements on promoter activity in the presence and absence of urea. Elements of interest included known regulatory binding sites, alternative translational start sites, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified through comparative genomics. This work describes a suite of urea-inducible promoters, constructed during this study, that exhibit a variety of expression dynamics, providing a customizable platform for gene expression.

IMPORTANCE

Urea is an inexpensive molecule that can easily be supplied during
in vitro
experiments. A urea-inducible promoter would also be activated by environments where urea naturally occurs, such as in the urinary tract. Thus, the development of a urea-inducible system for selective gene expression is of great interest to the field of uropathogenesis as it would enable selective gene induction during experimental urinary tract infection. This expression system would also have important applications for recombinant protein production in biotech and manufacturing.