bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Humic Acid and the Level of Nano and Traditional Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Potato
Authors: Al-Hayani Ahmad S. H. , Sallume Mohammed Obed
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of the University of Anbar-College of Agriculture in the autumn season of 2021 in soil with Sand Clay Loamy textures. To find out the effect of humic acid and the level of nano and Traditional nitrogen on the growth and yield of the potato variety Rivera, the experiment included two factors: the addition of humic acid (H1) at the level of 100 kg ha−1 as well as the comparison and the second factor adding nitrogen sources and their levels, which included the addition of nanonitrogen Nn1, Nn3, Nn2 At level 15, 30, 45 kg N ha−1 and Traditional nitrogen NT1, NT2 at level 150, 300 kg N ha−1 as (urea fertilizer) sequentially. The RCBD was randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results were statistically analyzed and the means of the coefficients were compared at the 0.05 probability level to test for the least significant difference. The results were the following: (1) The addition of humic acid positively affect most of the plant traits. The levels of the treatments of Nano and Traditional fertilizers (urea) and the two interactions recorded a significant increase in most of the studied traits. (2) Nano nitrogen Nn3 treatment achieved the highest rate of plant height, chlorophyll content in leaves, total tuber yield, total number of tuber, and the yield of the dry matter of the vegetative compared to the comparison treatment, while the NT2 urea treatment achieved an noticeable increase in some traits such as the number of aerial branches and the yield of the dry matter found in tubers and starch yield due to their high added quantities. (3) The two-interference treatment achieved the highest value of the fertilization efficiency of production 70.12% when treating the addition of nano-nitrogen with humic acid Nn3H1, and the single nano-nitrogen Nn3 treatment achieved a fertilization efficiency of 68.89%.
Effect of Foliar Potassium on Maize Yield (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Al-Khafagi Karrar Falah Hadi , Al-Wardy Mustafa Iskander Zaid , Kadim Haidar Abd Al-Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Field experiment was carried out during the 2018 growing season in the central Kut nursery located within the Kut district of the Wasit Province in Iraq, with four treatments and three replicates in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to the response of maize to foliar application potassium irrigated by basin irrigation method. Foliar potassium spraying (K2O 43%) as follows; control (KO), 1000 (K1), 2000 (K2) and 3000 (K3) Mg.L−1. The study showed that there were substantial effects on the number of grains per row, the number of grains per ear, the grain yield, and the biological yield, with treatment K3 achieving the highest averages of (35.50, 554.5, 9.548 t. ha−1, and 25.97 t. ha−1) correspondingly. Although the weight of 500 grains and the harvest index were not significantly altered by treatment K2, while the number of rows per ear was (15.68), the number of rows per ear was.
Genetic Stability for New Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Fertilizer Combinations
Authors: Al-Najmawi Dhufr Abdel-Razzaq Farhan , Al-Taweel Mohammad Subhi , Alhabbar Zaid , Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed Dawod , Issa Hussein Abbas Muhammad
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted on maize crop for ten genotypes in two environmentally different locations in the autumn season (2020_2021) and included three levels of fertilization (Dabanah Company recommendation, Ministry of Agriculture recommendation, without fertilization), The first location is in one of the peasant farms located in the Rashidiya area in Mosul, which is 13 km away from the city center, and the second site is the Al-Dabbana company research station in Erbil, located in the Al-Kuwair area, which is approximately 54.5 km away from the center of Mosul. The results showed the excelled of genotype 215479, which was highly stable for (stem diameter and leaves area, ear length, Ash percentage), and these results provide the possibility of benefiting from this highly stable genotype. While the results of the stability triangle showed that the genotype (215472) was highly stable for five traits (number of days of female flowering, plant height, number of leaves, ear length, weight of 300 grains),Therefore, these two genotypes can be used in future cross-breeding programs to create new cultivars.
Biochar Application Increases the Amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the Soil: a Review
Authors: Hussain Ahmed J. , Al-Taey Duraid K. A. , Kadhum Haider J.
Published: August 2023

Biostimulants can be given to seeds, plants, and soil to encourage growth. Improved tolerance to abiotic stressors and higher seed and grain yields and quality results from these components altering critical and biochemical processes throughout plant development. The need for fertilizers can also be minimized because of biostimulants. Biochar is a biostimulant, a porous material with a high sorption capacity, which can be put directly into the soil with fertilizers. Biostimulants can be either naturally occurring or synthetically produced compounds that stimulate and activate the plant to resist stressful situations. When biomass is pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient environment, biochar is produced as a byproduct. It has a carbonaceous structure and several functional groups, making it permeable. Its molecular structure also demonstrates remarkable resistance to chemicals and microbes. The chemical and physical properties of biochar are very sensitive to the pyrolysis temperature and other process parameters, including residence time and furnace temperature.
Enhancing the Availability of Potassium in New Egyptian Soils using Biochar Produced from Olive Stone Waste
Authors: Ayman Muhammad , Fawzy Zakaria Fouad
Published: August 2023

The warming phenomenon is one of the most difficult challenges of the times. Agricultural waste decomposition contributes to global warming due to the increase in greenhouse gases. Carbon sequestering is used to reduce greenhouse gases to mitigate the warming phenomenon. Applying biochar is one of the most important tools for sequestering carbon in the soil for hundreds to thousands of years. Paper aims to produce olive stone biochar (OSB) and apply it to soils to study its effect on soil properties and the status of K (Quantity/Intensity of K). Biochar was produced from olive stone waste at 650°C and applied at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 5% in two investigated soils (sandy and calcareous) to study its effects on soil properties and growth of the wheat plants. Results of biochar analysis indicated that it possesses several functional groups and essential elements (N, P, and K), a large surface area (394.25 m2 g-1), and an average fine diameter (0.8 µm). The application of OSB improved several soil properties, including water holding capacity, %porosity, bulk density, cation exchange capacity, and availability of some nutrients, especially potassium. Additionally, it increased the soluble-K and ammonium acetate (NH4OAc-K) levels in the investigated soils. The potential buffering capacity of K (PBCK), activity ratio of K (ARK), and labile K (KL) were also enhanced. Moreover, OSB application improved the wheat plant’s height, root depth, dry matter, and NPK content. Therefore, we concluded that biochar is beneficial for sequestering carbon for the long-term and improving soil fertility.
The Allelopathic Effect of Root Exudates of Mungbean and Maize Plants Affected by Metabiolic, Fertilizer and Mechanical Stress Factors on some Indicators of Germination of Cowpea Seeds
Authors: Al-Deliamy Abdullah Oda Alwan , Abdul-Ameer Maha Ali
Published: August 2023

Allelopathic compounds are secondary metabolites created biologically by plants and microbes from the metabolism of carbohydrate, fats and amino acids. The process of their synthesis is affected by the type of plants, the path of its photosynthesis, its nutrition and various stress processes. When released to the rhizosphere, its effect begins on soil organisms, as it is considered a from of communication between plants. Which affects biological and agricultural systemis. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was adopted with a factorial experiment with three factors and three replication. The experiment was carried out in one of the fields of Al-Taliáh sub-district/Babylon governorate to find out the allelopathic effect of root exudates of mungbean (Vigna radiataL.) and maize (Zea mays L.) affected by metabolic factors, fertilizer and mechanical stress on some germination indicators of cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculataL.). The allelopathic effects of root exudates varied on the studied traits, as root exudates of mungbean caused a significant decrease in radicle length (RL), seedlings length (SL), and vigor index (VI) of cowpea plants for treatments affected by chemical fertilizer and not affected by mechanical stress, and a significant decrease in radicle length for treatments affected by mechanical stress and organic fertilizer, and a significant decrease in seedlings length and vigor index for treatments affected by mechanical stress and biofertilizer.
Effect of Spraying with Brassinolide on Yield and its Components of Sesame Cultivars
Authors: Nasser Seif El-Din M. , Sarhan Ismail A.
Published: August 2023

To investigate the impact of brassinolide spraying on sesame yield and its components, a field experiment was conducted in the summer of 2022 in the Karma region of the Anbar Governorate. Three independent replicates of the experiment were conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot layout. The cultivars (Sumer, Rafidain, Wadea, and Hadd) occupied the sub-plots, while the concentrations of brassinolide (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg L−1) comprised the main plots. The results showed that the Hadd cultivar was the best in terms of harvest index (22.9%), number of capsules produced by each plant (390.2 capsules plant-1), number of seeds produced by each capsule (96.42 seeds capsule−1), and total seed yield (2685.3 kg ha-1). Sumer was the only cultivar where the average weight of a thousand seeds was greater than any other (3.86 g). Brassinolide at a concentration of 1.5 mg L−1 resulted in an average of 273.9 capsules per plant, 95.50 seeds per capsule, 4.11 grams per thousand seeds, 2226.4 kilograms per hectare (kg) of seed output, 10.294 tons per hectare (t) of biological production, and a harvest index of 26.06%. The Hadd cultivar and a concentration of 1.5 mg L−1 had a significant interaction in terms of the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule, the weight of a thousand seeds, total seed production (3017.9 kg ha−1), biological yield (13.707 tons ha−1) and harvest index.
Multiplication and Rooting Shoot Tips and Nodes of Petunia Plant (Petunia hybrida)
Authors: Bashi Amina Ameen Kassab , Almemary Aysar Mohammed Salim , Bashi Bashar Zeki Kassab
Published: August 2023

This study was performed in the cell and plant tissue culture laboratory of the Mosul University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture and Forestry. Shoot tips and nodes were cultured on MS medium supplemented with (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0) mg.l−1 Kin during the multiplication stage of this investigation, and the resulting shoots were grown on 12 MS media for rooting with IBA (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) mg.l−1. In this experiment, we cultured pieces of leaf clippings from plants grown in the field and exposed them to varying concentrations of 2,4-D (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg.l−1) in order to initiate and differentiate callus. After eight weeks, MS medium containing 6.0 mg.l−1 Kin resulted in the highest rooting percentage (70%) and highest root number (17.0 root/explant) from cultured shoot tips produced in vitro; in contrast, nodes resulted in 6.0 shoots/explants with a length of 3.8 cm from MS medium containing 6.0 mg.l−1 Kin. Eight weeks after their in vitro production, all of the Plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to the field with 100% survival. The highest callus initiation percentage was obtained from cultured parts of the leaf on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg.l−1 2,4-D, while the highest shoots production percentage was 17.857% with 2.0 shoot/explant from callus initiation from MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg.l-1 2,4-D.
UV and Laser Diode as a Source of Flavonoids Stimulation Production in Marigold Calendula officinalis
Authors: Alajaily Saja M. , Alsoufi Abdulwadood S. M.
Published: August 2023

Calendula officinalis is an important herbal plant as it is a source of value compounds, and it is a convenient model for plant micro propagation. The aim of this study was micro propagation of C. Officinalis and evaluation of the efficiency of Laser diode and UV-C irradiation, in the stimulation of flavonoids biosynthesis and accumulation in vitro culture. BA 1.5mg.L−1 had a significant effect on the number of explants, reached 6.7 shoots.explant−1. While the nodes, BA 1.mg.L−1 had the highest effect on the average shoot length explants, which increased to 2.9 cm. UV exposure resulted in an increase in the shoots and number of leaves of explants treated by BA 1.5 mg/L. After 60 min of UV exposure, the accumulation of flavonoids Rutin in marigold increased to 343.458 ppm /g compared to the control 21.735 ppm/g. Galic acid decreased to 0.122 ppm/ g. The laser diode caused more changes in flavonoids, the Rutin was 4.742ppm /g while Gallic acid reached 50.825 ppm/g, about 5-fold. This stimulation by laser can act as an actor to stimulate one compound and reduce the others, it seems the plant’s secondary compounds compete with each other’s and sometimes with the same type, like Rutin and Galic acid.
Effect of Seeding Rate on Growth and Yield of Two Flaxseed Varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Ahmed Rayan F. , Mohammad Abdullah K. , Al kikani Khaleel I. K. , Haji Mohammed A.
Published: August 2023

The experiment was applied in the winter agricultural season 2021-2022 in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry to study the effect of two varieties of flax (Sharda and Lenata) and four seeding rates (35, 45, 55 and 65 kg / ha) on growth and yield characteristics. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) was used with three replications. The results showed the superiority of Lenata variety in all traits compared to Sharda variety. The seeding rate was superior to 35 kg/ha in no. fruiting branches of the plant (4.7 fruiting branch/plant), no. plant leaves (124.2 leaf/plant), the chlorophyll content in the leaves (24.3 spad), the dry weight of the plant (8.9 spad), and no. plant capsules (13.7 capsules / plant), no. seeds per capsule (9.0 seeds / capsule), thousand seed weight (7.1 g), and the plant seed yield (0.8 g), while the seeding rate exceeded 65 kg / ha in plant height (38.6 cm) compared with the rest of the seeding rates. The effect of the two interaction was significant in all traits, as the interaction of the Lenata variety with the seeding rate of 35 kg / ha achieved the highest value in the plant seed yield, which was (0.8 g).
Performance New Entries of Broad Bean Under Supplementary Irrigation Conditions
Authors: Almamari Haitham Abdel Sattar , Altaweel Mohammed Subhi
Published: August 2023

In this study, (25) new entries of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were used. Sourced from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). The entries seeds (25) were planted in an experiment according to a completely randomized block design with three replications at Al-Tuwaitha Research Station / Plant Breeding and Improvement Center / Agricultural Research Department during the growing season 2021/2022,With the aim of evaluating the entries and selecting the best ones in traits of yield and its components. The results showed that there were significant differences between the averages of the Entries and for all the studied traits, where entry (3) was characterized by the highest number of main stem nodes and the length of the pod. The number of seeds per pod is (26.00, 13.50 and 4.00) respectively, and entry (6) has the highest dry pod yield (132) and the highest seed yield (262). The entry (15) has the highest weight of 100 seeds (285.00) through the variation in the averages of the traits. Its use in breeding programs for selection for high seed yield of broad bean.
Response of Cotton Varieties to Transplanting Technique under Drip Irrigation System and Iraqi Conditions
Authors: Alghargan Nidhal Y. A. , Almubarak Nadir F. A.
Published: August 2023

The low average cotton yield per unit area in Iraq during the long growth season invites us to look for possible means to increase the yield by looking for new ideas in agriculture to improve production. Important results were obtained through two field experiments applied to the cotton crop during the period from January 1 to October 16, 2017, in the new Baquba nursery affiliated to the Directorate of Agriculture in Diyala Governorate within the cotton development project in Iraq. There have been a number of attempts by a number of Iraqi researchers - over the previous years - focused on how to raise the yield of cotton fibers by the unit area and also during the season, especially if there is a desire of farmers to use the same land to planting a winter crop, but we did not see practical achievements in this regard, which led us to use modern ideas to improve crop production and achieve planting winter crop after it. Planting the seeds inside the greenhouse for the purpose of producing seedlings and then transferred to the field on time rather than planting seeds directly in the field, Has had a positive effect on exceeding temperatures unsuitable for seed germination, growth and early access to the first harvest. It was positively reflected in increase hair cotton yield, with an average of 2.24, 2.69 and 2.81 tons. ha−1 for varieties Koker, Lashata and Ashore, compared to the traditional cultivation method, which recorded 0.63, 0.68 and 0.80 tons. h−1, with an increase of 255.6, 295.6 and 251.3% for the three varieties, respectively and the increase in the number of harvesters during the season to four harvesters (July, August, September and October) compared to the traditional method, which registered only three during the season (August, September and October) as well as the possibility of relying on three harvests when planting with the seedling technique (July, August and September) while achieving the cultivation of a winter crop after the cotton crop, such as wheat, to provide sufficient time for soil service operations such as plowing, softening, leveling, weed control and others. We conclude from the current study that use of the transplanting technique has preserved three harvests with a high yield that appeared clearly since the first harvest, as the date of the third harvest was on September 13, and therefore the aim of cultivating a winter crop after cotton has been achieved to provide sufficient time to conduct soil servicing operations for the crop.
Combining Ability Analysis of Half- Cross in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Mahmood Hussein Wael , Hamdani Zakariya Bader Al
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in one of the fields of Al-Yaramjah region, south of the Mosul city, which is 5 km from the city center for the season (2021-2022). In which five genotypes of wheat were used, which were obtained from the Summit organization (C.I.M.M.Y.T), in addition to an approved local cultivar(Abu Ghraib.) Cultivation was conducted on lines with a length of (2) m, and the distance between one line and another was (30) cm, using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The study included the following traits: number of days to flowering at (50%) and plant height (cm) The spike length, the flag leaf area, the number of grains / spike, the number of spikes / plant, the biological yield (gm / plant), the grain yield (gm / plant), the weight of 1000 grains, and the harvest index% and the percentage of protein and protein yield, where the analysis of variance table showed that the mean squares of the parents were significant at the level of probability 1%, and the general combining ability was significant at the level of probability 1% and for all studied traits. Except for the trait of the biological yield, where it was significant at the level of probability 5%, and for the Specific combining ability, the mean squares were significant at the level of probability 1%, except for the traits of flag leaf area. The number of spikes per plant and the percentage of protein were significant at the level of probability 5%, while the trait of the number of days to flowering did not reach the limit of statistical significance. The ratio between the components of the general and specific combining ability was less than one for all traits except for the two traits, the number of days to flowering at 50% and the length of the spike and the number of spikes m 2 and the biological yield and protein yield, and we note that the effect of the Specific combining ability was significant and in the desired direction in the hybrid (2x1) for the plant height and the spikes length, the flag leaf area, the number of grains / spikes, the grain yield, the harvest index, the weight of 1000 grains, the percentage of protein, and the protein yield.
Effect of N20 P20 K20 Nano-Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Two Potato Cultivars
Authors: Al-Sultan Ragheed H. M. , Ibraheem Fathel F. R. , Allela Waleed B. A. M. , Al-Bayati Hussien J. M. , Salim Nagham Salah
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in the vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, during the 2021 agricultural season, in order to study the effect of spraying Nano-fertilizer N 02P 02K02 at concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g·L−1 compared to control treatment, in some components and quality of two potatoes varieties (Florice and Montreal). The experiment was conducted in a split - plot system within RCBD Design with three replications, cultivars factor arranged in the main plots and the concentrations of Nano-fertilizer in the sub plots. After recording the data and analyzing it statistically, the results were as follows: Florice variety was significantly superior in the total number of tubers, while Montreal variety was significantly superior in the percentage of dry matter, starch content of tubers and the specific weight of tubers. The use of the Nano-fertilizer at concentration of 2 g·L−1 led to a significant increase of the number of total, and marketable tubers by 4.65 tubers by plant and 11.10 tubers by plant, respectively compared to unfertilized control. The concentration of 3 g·L−1 led to a significant increase of the mean tuber weight, plant yield, marketable tubers yield, and tuber firmness to 108.54 g, 1189.38 g and 63.434 t·ha84. 10dna kg·cm−2 respectively, compared to unfertilized control. The interaction treatment between Florice cultivar and Nano-fertilizer administered in concentration of 2 g·L−1 led to a significant increase in the number of total and marketable potato tubers. The treatment of Montreal cultivar with a concentration of 3 g·L−1 Nano-fertilizer led to a significant increase of the mean tuber weight, plant yield, total yield of tubers and TSS in tubers, percentage of dry matter and starch in the tubers and the specific weight of the tubersd
Effect of Melatonin Spraying on some Growth Characters of Several Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Dawood Abdulsamad M. , Noaman Abdulsamad H.
Published: August 2023

To investigate the role of melatonin on the development of certain cotton cultivars, an experiment was set up in a farmer’s fields during the summer of 2022 in the Al Karma district of the Anbar Governorate. The experiment had three replications and was set up in split plots per the RCBD protocol. The four types of cotton (Back Coat, Lachata, Coker 310, and Montana) and the four melatonin concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1) were randomly distributed over the main plots. The results showed that the plants of the Coker 310 cultivar were characterized by the lowest number of nodes for the first fruiting branch on the stem and the lowest number of days to flowering, in addition to the superiority of the leaves content of chlorophyll and the highest average number of vegetative and fruiting branches, which reached 5.54 and 63.18 days and 27.26 mg 100 gm−1 fresh weight, and 3.42 and 13.51 branch plant−1 respectively. On the other hand, Back Coat plants outperformed with the highest average plant height of 170.75 cm. The cotton plants that were sprayed with a concentration of 150 mg L−1 were characterized by the lowest number of days to flowering stage (63.00 days), highest chlorophyll content in their leaves, plant height, and the number of vegetative and fruiting branches amounted to 28.50 mg, 100 gm−1 fresh weight, 185.91 cm, 3.95, and 14.70 branches. Plant−1 respectively.
A taxonomic Environmental Study of some Dicotyledon Plant Species Growing Wildly in Western Iraq
Authors: Abdulmajeed Atheer Hashim , Hamad Alaa Hussein , Shlash Hisham Majeed , Hameed Ashwaq Talib , Abdulrazzaq Zeyad M.
Published: August 2023

Taxonomy gives great importance to the geographical distribution of plants on the surface of the planet earth, and for this reason, Cain introduced the term Areography to the science that is particularly interested in the areas of the spread of plants in the world. Therefore, this work dealt with an environmental study of several sites in western Iraq in terms of the type of soil and the biological communities of these sites. Samples of plants belonging to different families (dicotyledons), where most of the soils were salty and sandy except the areas adjacent to the Euphrates River were pure clay soil. Haloxylon salicornicum and Zygophyllum coccenium dominated most of the sandy soil environments.
The Effect of Cupressus arizonica Fruit Ethyl Alcoholic Extract Toward some Bacterial Species that Isolated from Different Infections of Human Body’s Sites
Authors: Nayyef Sura H. , Abdul Wahab Marwa H. , Ahmed Noor M. , Hasan Mokhalad Oraibi
Published: August 2023

Cupressus arizonica composed from several compounds such as quinones, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes,, tannins and phenolic compounds. polyphenolic compounds considerable as antioxidant potentials which related to the human health. The ethyl 95% extract of Cupressus arizonica in different concentrations were measured inhibited against five bacterial isolates (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp., Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus) from different sites of human body. and measured this inhibitory effect with different antibiotic discs such as (Ciprofloxacin 10 µg, Norfloxacin (10 µg), Vancomycin (30µg), Lincomycin (15µg), Imipenem (10 µg) and (25 µg), Lincomycin (15µg) and Trimethoprim /Sulfamethaxazole (25 µg). Cupressus arizonica fruit ethyl extract in 100% concentration toward different species of bacteria like E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus. At different inhibition zones 11, 25,10,15, 21 µg/ ml respectively for each one of them compared with some antibiotics were used in this study.Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Cupressus arizonica ethanol extract for bacteria E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp., Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of Cupressus arizonica affected on E.coli Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were 12.5 µg/ ml. The MIC of Cupressus arizonica ethanol extract for Salmonella sp. was at 50 µg/ ml. the inhibition means of Cupressus arizonica fruit alcoholic extract toward bacterial isolates recorded lowest mean 8.6 at concentration 75% against E. coli bacteria, but the highest mean was at 21 at concentration 100% towards Staphylococcus aureus, while other concentration means distributed among bacterial isolates in different effects.
Impact of Nano NPK Fertilizer and Humic Acid Application on Vegetative Growth of Three Strawberry Cultivars
Authors: Al-Qady Raghad Adnan Ali , Alimam Nabil Mohammad Ameen
Published: August 2023

The experiments was carried out in an unheated Plastic house unit of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul for the years 2021-2022 with the aim of enhancement of vegetative growth of three cultivars of Strawberry, Festival, Ruby Gem and Liberation D, Orleans. Factorial experiment according to the split-plot system so that the cultivars were placed in the main-plot, while the nano-fertilization treatments NPK with three concentration 0, 1.5 and 3 g.l−1 and humic acid with three levels 0, 3 and 6 ml.l−1 put in the sup-plot using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, and means were compared by Duncan’s test at 5% level. Results of the experiment could be summarized as follow: The cultivars under this study were differed in some of the studied traits, especially the significant superiority of the strawberry cultivar Liberation D, Orleans over the two strawberry cultivars Festival and Ruby Gem in the number of leaves, the area of one leaf, the leaf area of a plant, and the dry weight of vegetative system. Cultivars Festival and Liberation D, Orleans were superiority on Ruby Gem in leaf chlorophyll content and root dry weight. Foliar fertilization with nano NPK fertilizer, especially at a concentration of 3 gm..l−1, led to a significant increase in the number of leaves and dry weight of vegetative system, while the concentration of 1.5 gm.l−1 was significantly increased in the area of one leaf and the leafy area of strawberry plant compared to the control treatment. Fertilization with humic acid at the level of 6 ml.l−1 was significantly increased in the number of leaves, the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves, the dry weight of vegetative and roots system, the area of one leaf and the leaf area of plant compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Spraying with Salicylic Acid and Okra Plant Extract on the Growth and Yield of Baashiqi Olive Trees
Authors: Al-Mosawy Raed jameel Agah , Hasan Ahmed Mohammad
Published: August 2023

This experiment was conducted at Ghabat Al-Nouriyeh station, which is a unit belonging to the Plant Production Department, Diwaniyah Directorate of Agriculture, for the agricultural season,2022, on olive trees Olea erupea L. Baashiqi cultivar, 15 years age.To know the effect of spraying salicylic acid in three concentrations (0, 75, 150 mg L−1) and okra extract in three concentrations (0, 5, 10 ml L−1) and the effect of the interaction between the two agents on the vegetative and fruiting traits of olive trees Baashiqi cultivar. The study was implemented as a factorial experiment with two factors according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replicates of 27 trees, each tree being an experimental unit. The results of the study showed that the spraying treatments with salicylic acid achieved a significant effect on the following vegetative and fruiting growth traits (the rate of increase in the length of the main branch, the relative content of chlorophyll in the leaves, the weight and size of the fruit, and the percentage of oil), Spraying treatments with concentrations of okra extract achieved a significant effect on a number of vegetative and fruiting traits(the rate of increase in the length of the main branch, total carbohydrates in the branches, size and weight of the fruit, and the percentage of oil). While none of the two factors achieved a significant effect on the traits of leaf area.
Effect of Spraying with Some Plant Extracts and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and their Interactions in Vegetative Growth, Mineral Content and Volatile Oils of Basil Plant Ocimum basilicum L.
Authors: hasbullah Rajaa M. , Ahmed Taha S.
Published: August 2023

The current study was done in the green house of the Department of biology Sciences, College of Education for Girls / University of Tikrit during the agricultural season 2021, the study was design according to the sectors for complete randomization RCBD with three replicates each of which includes 12 treatment, and (4) planting pots per treatment, so the number of experimental units became (36) units containing (144) pots. The first group included fenugreek extract and rosemary at a concentration of 25% each, a mixture of fenugreek extract and rosemary, in addition to the non-spray treatment. Second group three concentrations (0, 40, 80) of copper oxide nanoparticles with and the overlap between them. The results of Spraying with fenugreek, rosemary and copper oxide nano-extracts revealed a high significant increase in vegetative growth compared to the compared with control group. The C3E2 treatment was reveal, highest plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content (36.08 cm.plant−1, 31.537 leaf.plant−1, 19.117 branch, plant−1, 18.98 cm2.leaf1, 16.933 mg.g−1 fresh weight) respectively, and the spray treatment C3E2 revealed a high significant increase in mineral content and physical properties of volatile oil outperformed the compared with control group.
Effect of Treatment with Growth Regulators Gibberellic Acid and CPPU on some Vegetative Traits and Yield of Three Potato Cultivars Solanum tuberesom L.
Authors: Naser Abrar Akeel , Abd-Alrahman Harith Burhan Al-Din
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit for the spring season 2019 within an area with longitude (43.35 degrees east of Greenwich) and latitude (34.27 degrees north of the equator), to study the effect of treating potato tubers by soaking with gibberellin before planting and spraying with growth regulator CPPU with three levels for each of which (0, 5, 10) mg L−1 in some vegetative growth characteristics and yield characteristics, quantity and quality of three potato cultivars of class A (Barcelona, Laperla, Montreal). The experiment was implemented using split-split plot design within a design Random complete plots (R.C.B.D) and with three replications, the cultivars were placed in the main plot, dipping with gibberellin in the sub-plot, and spraying with CPPU in the sub-sub plot. The results shows that dipping with gibberellin makes significant differences in the leaves number and percentage of seeding that gave (158.98 plant leaf−1 and 7.21%) respectively. As for spraying with CPPU, it was superior in terms of the leaves number, the number of unmarketable tubers, the percentage of seedig and the percentage of protein, and the values were given (157.39 Plant leaf−1, 2.88 Tuber plant−1, 7.24%, and 6.59%) respectively. As for cultivars, the cultivar Laperla excelled in the following characteristics (the leaves number, the ratio of root weight to the weight of vegetative growth, and the percentage of seeding at harvest). The values were (203.05 plant leaf−1, 31.70%, and 5.59%), respectively. As for the double and triple interactions between the treatments, the increase was significant for all the traits taken for the study.
The Effect of Adding Licorice Extract and Sodium Bicarbonate to Drinking Water on the Productive Performance of Broilers Raised under Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Al-Khateeb Faiyz Sami , Al-Sufi Khaled Hadi
Published: August 2023

The practical aspect of the research was carried out in the field of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul. 200 Arbo Rekar chicks were used in standard breeding from one day old to 56 days old. At the age of 22 days, the chicks were randomly distributed among the study treatments, taking into account the homogeneity of chick weights for the replicates, while exposing all treatments to a gradual periodic temperature of (25-36-25) ±2°C. The design of the experiment included five treatments: the first was a control (without adding a control), the second and the third were licorice extract at a concentration of 800 and 1200 mg/liter of water, respectively, and for the fourth and fifth, sodium bicarbonate was added at a concentration of 0.4% and 0.6% to Drinking water straight. Feed and water were provided freely with Ad Libitum throughout the study period and for all treatments. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant improvement (p≤0.05) in favor of the fifth treatment in the averages of final live body weight, total weight gain, total relative growth rate and total feed consumption compared to the rest of the treatments. The second and fourth treatments also showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean total weight gain. Also, the fourth treatment was significantly (p≤0.05) superior in the average overall relative growth rate over the rest of the treatments. While the percentage of fatalities decreased significantly in the second, third and fourth treatments compared to the control treatment. While the results did not show any significant differences in the averages of the total feed conversion factor, the productivity index, the percentages of dressing, the mean relative weight of the main and secondary carcass pieces, visceral edible and visceral fat.
Effect of Use Different of L-Carnitine on Productive Performance on Egg of Two Breeds of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Flayyih Raghad N. W. , Al-Tay Ruwaida Z. Y. , Al-Shaar Nadia M. B.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted on 270 quail females at the age of 42 days from two strains of Japanese quail, the desert and white, in order to show the effect of the strain and the levels of carnitine (0,200,250) mg carnitine/kg feed by three treatments and three replicates for each strain during the egg production stage (42-101) days. The results of study showed that there was a significant difference (p≤0.05) for the effect of strain on the number of eggs, the ratio of egg production HD%, the height of albumen, and the height of yolk, while there were no significant differences in egg weight, total egg mass, egg white ratio, yolk ratio, shell ratio shell thickness, yolk diameter, feed consumption rate, and feed conversion efficiency and mortlity ratio. The results showed, in relation to the effect of carnitine levels, that there were a significant differences (p≤0.05) in the characteristics of egg weight, total egg number, total egg mass, HD% egg albumen height, and yolk diameter, while the differences were not significant in the characteristics of whiteness and yolk ratio, shell, thickness of shell,, feed consumption rate (g/bird), feed conversion efficiency g/g egg, and mortality ratio. As for the effect of the interaction between the quail strains and three levels of carnitine, the results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (p≤0.05) in the egg weight, the number and the mass of the total egg, HD%, the ratio of whiteness, yolk, shell, height and diameter of the albumen, feed consumption rate, and feed conversion efficiency, while the difference were not significant in the ratio of yolk, thickness of shell, height of yolk and the ratio of mortality
Evaluation of Addition Peppermint Oil on the Microbial and Sensory Properties of a Soft Milk Drink (Shenina)
Authors: Abdulsalaam Shaimmaa Riyadh , Akdo Hanan Jumaah
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to manufacture a diluted milk drink (Al-Shenina) flavored with mint oil at concentrations (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1) µl/L. the used oil wa s extracted by cold distillation using a clevenger device, the active compounds in peppermint oil were measured by GC/MS device technology. The most important of these compounds that appeared are Menthol, Methone, Pulegone and Limonene D- and their quantities were 28.5), 19.20, 18.26, (10.46%, respectively). The diluted milk drink manufactured above was stored under refrigeration for 30 days, and the effect of cold storage was observed on the total number of bacteria, the total number of lactic acid bacteria, % of total acidity, and the peroxide number. The readings were taken every ten days, where there was a non-significant increase in the total number of bacteria Until 10 days of storage, the highest numbers for the comparison sample were 1.72 x 108C.F.U/g, after which the numbers gradually decreased until the end of the storage period. The total number of lactic acid bacteria also had a non-significant increase in numbers up to 10 days of storage, and the highest numbers for the comparison sample were 1.5 x 106C.F.U/gm. The % value of acidity such as lactic acid in the milk drink increased insignificantly during the storage period, and the highest values were for the comparison treatment up to 10 days of storage and amounted to 0.25% compared to other treatments in which the acidity value was (0.21%, 0.22%, 0.32%) for the quantities of oil added 0.50, 0.75, 1 microliter/liter of milk. Also, the values of the peroxide number during storage had a significant increase in periods and insignificant in other periods, and the highest values were for the comparison treatment at the end of storage and amounted to 4.25 meq O2 / kg oil and the lowest at the beginning of the storage period for the treatments containing mint oil, and it reached meq3.52 O2 / kg oil. The results of the sensory evaluation of the milk drink with added concentrations of peppermint oil showed the preference for the treatment containing 1 microliter oil/liter of milk, which obtained a total score of 94% at the beginning of storage to become 83% at the end. This means that this sample was not affected by its sensory characteristics such as taste, texture and flavor Significantly during the storage period, and it was the preferred sample for the residents compared to the comparison sample, which obtained an evaluation of 87 degrees at the beginning of storage, and which decreased at the end of storage to 37 degrees after losing many of its sensory properties during storage.
Effect of Egg Weight and Type of Breeding on the Productive Performance of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Tikriti Samawal Sadi Abdullah , Al-Nassery Husham Zeyad Muhi
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted in the farm of the Department of Animal Production of the College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the period from 8/11/2021 to 2/2/2022, and the aim of the study was the effect of egg weight and breeding system on the productive performance of Japanese quail during the growth and egg production stages. 490 un naturalized one-day-old birds were raised from egg hatching collected and graded into three weight categories, low (8-10) gm, medium (10.1-11) gm and high (11.51-12.5) gm and divided into Three groups based on the weight of hatched eggs from (high, medium, low) to a ground breeding system and cages. The study included two stages, the first is the growth stage from (1-36) days old, and the second is the production stage from(37-78) days old. The results of the statistical analysis showed the following: (1) Effect of the breeding system: (A) There is a significant difference (P≤0.05) for quails raised in the ground breeding system in the following characteristics: weight at sexual maturity, while there were no significant differences in age at sexual maturity in the growth stage. (B) There is a significant (P≤0.05) superiority (P≤0.05) of quail birds raised by the ground breeding system in the following characteristics: average egg weight. While there were no significant differences in the weight of eggs for the first, second and third periods, the number of eggs. (2) Effect of egg weight, (A) There is a significant superiority (P≤0.05) of hatching quail birds from high-weight eggs in the characteristics of weight at sexual maturity, and age at sexual maturity for the stage of growth. Whereas, significant superiority (P≤0.05) was found in the following traits during the production stage: (A) High weight eggs: weight of the first egg, weight of eggs. (B) Low weight eggs: there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of number of eggs,
Effect of Adding Annatto Seed Powder (Bixa orellana) and Astaxanthin to the Diet in some Physiological Traits of Broiler (Ross-308)
Authors: Al-Masoudi Zakariya Abd Al-Ameer , Al-Kafaji Fadhil Rasool Abbas
Published: August 2023

From February 15, 2022, until March 22, 2022, researchers from the Al-Anwar Poultry Company in Babil Governorate carried out the experiment on their areas to examine the effect of adding annatto seed powder (Bixa orellana) and astaxanthin to the diet on physiological traits of broiler, using 225 unsexed one-day-old Ross-308 chickens, Chickens were randomly assigned to one of 15 cages containing one of five treatments (totaling 45 birds in all), with three replicates of 15 birds in each cage. Here’s how the experiment goes down: T1 control treatment / standard diet without addition, T2 addition powder annatto seeds (0.5 g / kg feed), T3 add powder annatto seeds (1 g / kg feed), T4 addition astaxanthin (50 mg / kg feed), T5 addition astaxanthin (100 mg / kg feed), the results showed in terms of blood cellular characteristics in relation to the number of red blood cells, we note a significant superiority (p ≤ 0.05) for the treatment T3, while the number of white blood cells improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T2 and T4, and with regard to hematocrit The blood (pcv) was significantly superior (p≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T1 and T3, as for hemoglobin trait the T1 treatment was significantly (p≤ 0.05), and the H/L ratio was significantly improved (p≤ 0.05) for the T2 treatment. with regard to blood biochemical characteristics for glucose we note a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for T2 treatment, as for the total protein we see a highly significant superiority (p≤ 0.01) for the treatments T2, T4 and T5, and in the form of albumin we notice a significant superiority (p≤ 0.05) for the treatment T5, and in the of globulin we notice a significant superiority (p≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T2 and T4, as for uric acid we see a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T2 and T5. with regard to protein lipids in relation to cholesterol we see a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for treatments T3 and T5, and for triglycerides it improved significantly (p≤ 0.05) for treatment T2, and for high-density lipoproteins (HDL) we notice a significant superiority (p≤ 0.05) for treatment T2, and for low-density lipoproteins (LDL) we see an improvement Significant (p ≤ 0.05) for T5 treatment, and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) for T2 treatment. As for the indicators of oxidative stress in the blood, we see a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for the (AST) enzyme for T3 treatment, and for the (ALT) enzyme we notice a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for the T4 treatment, while for the (GPX) enzyme we see a highly significant superiority (p≤ 0.01) for the T2 and T4 treatments, and for the Heat shock protein (HSP 70) We notice a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T3 and T4.