bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authoritarianism, the struggle for current affairs public service broadcasting and Radio Television Hong Kong
Authors: Aitken Ian
Published: February 2023

This article is one outcome of research into primary documents held in national archives in Malaysia, Singapore, the United Kingdom and, in Hong Kong, the archives of Radio Television Hong Kong and Hong Kong Public Records Office. These documents indicate how the territories of Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong responded to calls to develop television broadcasting systems which embodied public service broadcasting (PSB). That response was conditioned by the reality that all three territories were authoritarian entities, and that PSB was, in contradistinction, a liberal-democratic concept. This article will chart the problems involved in establishing television PSB in these territories, beginning with Malaysia and Singapore during the 1960s, and then Hong Kong, 1970–2020. The article will begin with a brief account of the notion of PSB, and the role played by western broadcasting companies during the Cold War, in colonial British South East Asia, during the 1950s and 1960s.
Going to the people: Community screening, documentary and the plebeian public sphere in Hong Kong
Authors: Chiu Kit Fung Henry
Published: February 2023

This article is an ethnographic and historical study that focuses on the ‘plebeian public sphere’ – a democratic sphere opened up by the community screening of independent documentary films. My article argues that this innovative public screening establishes a mode of communication that connects audiences with the neighbourhood where people gather together and form local communities by sharing experience and emotion based on history, story and memory. This process evokes a source of affective energy that is capable of catalysing social change. It challenges not only previous theoretical approaches to the public sphere, but also the stereotypical understanding of ‘the public’ in the Hong Kong context.
Emma Dabiri, What White People Can Do Next: From Allyship to Coalition. London: Penguin, 2021. 157 pp.
Authors: Alonso-Breto Isabel
Published: February 2023

Review of Emma Dabiri, What White People Can Do Next: From Allyship to Coalition. London: Penguin, 2021. 176 pp. ISBN: 9780063112711.
Analysing the sacred landscape in the Iberian Culture: GIS, caves and ritual performance
Authors: Machause López Sonia , Diez Castillo Agustín
Published: February 2023

Sacred spaces, such as Iberian caves, with liminal location and character, had important ritual significance and socio-political meanings for their communities. Through the Geographical Information Systems –GIS– techniques, we can analyse these sacred spaces in context. In this paper, by using a regional study as an example, we show the main analysis undertaken with gis, such as visibility and mobility, considering diverse variables and formulas. This will allow to develop comparative perspectives with other similar Mediterranean contexts. A first approach to the sacred landscape of the Iberian Iron Age territory of Edeta, in Llíria, València, is presented, analysing two ritual caves in context: Cueva del Sapo and Cueva Merinel, located on the southern border of the territory and frequented between the fifth and the second centuries BC. By using diverse models, we propose access routes to them, with the final objective of thinking about the effort and symbolism that a ritual journey linked to these natural sacred locations would imply.
Safety and Efficacy of Split-Dose Thiopurine vs Low-Dose Thiopurine-Allopurinol Cotherapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Cococcioni Lucia , Pensabene Licia , Puoti Maria Giovanna , El-Kouly Sara , Chadokufa Sibongile , Buckingham Raechel , Gaynor Edward , Saliakellis Efstratios , Kiparissi Fevronia , Borrelli Osvaldo
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Split-dose thiopurine and allopurinol-thiopurine cotherapy strategies have been suggested as rescue therapeutic options for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impaired thiopurine metabolism. We compared the efficacy and safety of these regimens in patients who previously failed conventional thiopurine treatment.

METHODS:

Children with IBD treated with split-dose thiopurine or low-dose thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy were retrospectively identified. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, treatment regimen, reason for thiopurine failure, side effects, and discontinuation of treatment. Laboratory findings were evaluated at different time points.

RESULTS:

After prior therapeutic failure, 42 patients were on split-dose regimen (group A) and 20 patients were on thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy (group B). Twelve patients crossed from group A to group B because of treatment failure, 1 patient was lost at follow-up, and 1 patient discontinued the treatment. The final cotherapy group comprised 29 children (group C), while the split-dose group (group D) included 31 children. Intention-to-treat analysis showed significant differences between split-dose regimen and thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy for 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN)/6-methyl mercaptopurine (6-MeMP) ratio (P < 0.001), 6-TGN (P < 0.05), and 6-MeMP (P < 0.001) at 1–3 months. As per protocol analysis, there was a significant difference between group C and group D at 6 months for 6-MeMP (P < 0.05) and 6-TGN/6-MeMP ratio (P < 0.05) and at 12 months for 6-MeMP (P < 0.05) and 6-TGN/6-MeMP ratio (P < 0.001). Side effects were more frequent in allopurinol-thiopurine cotherapy (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

In children with IBD and impaired thiopurine metabolism, split-dose thiopurine and low-dose thiopurine-allopurinol cotherapy are both effective therapeutic strategies. The latter shows higher efficacy but a higher side effect rate, suggesting the use of split-dose regimen as the first-line approach.
Classifying the Instructional Practice Types of Middle School Teachers and Exploring Predictive Factors: Evidence from TALIS 2018
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kim Taewoo , Lee Youngju
Published: February 2023

Purpose: In this study, the instructional practice types of middle school teachers in Korea were derivedand important factors were explored to classify and predict each instructional practice type.
Methods: The OECD TALIS 2018 data consisting of 2,308 middle school teachers and 148 middleschool principals in Korea was utilized as analysis data. Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) was conductedto derive instructional practice types, and random forest analysis was conducted to explore importantfactors in classifying and predicting each instructional practice type.
Results: Five types of instructional practice for middle school teachers in Korea were derived: ‘Active’,‘Unconditional knowledge delivery’, ‘Student control-centered’, ‘Innovative pursuit’, and ‘Inactive’. Important factors classifying and predicting each instructional practice type were common factors(teacherefficacy, regular teacher teaching experience, number of students in target class, class time distribution,subjects) and unique factors(external teaching choice motivation, principal teaching experience, classautonomy, and teacher collaboration).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, educational implications related to support accordingto the types of instructional practice of middle school teachers in Korea were proposed.
Nerve entrapment syndromes: detection by ultrasound
Authors: Schwabl Christoph , Schmidle Gernot , Kaiser Peter , Drakonaki Elena , Taljanovic Mihra S. , Klauser Andrea S.
Published: February 2023

Nerve entrapment syndromes are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Accurate diagnosis and management require a knowledge of peripheral neuroanatomy and the recognition of key clinical symptoms and findings. Nerve entrapment syndromes are frequently associated with structural abnormalities of the affected nerve. Therefore, imaging allows the evaluation of the cause, severity, and etiology of the entrapment. High-resolution ultrasonography can depict early and chronic morphological changes within the entire nerve course and is therefore an ideal modality for diagnosing various nerve entrapment syndromes in different regions. This review article presents some of the most common types of nerve entrapment, with special focus on ultrasound imaging and key findings.
Analisis Yuridis Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Membangkitkan Ekonomi Nasional Dampak Covid-19
Authors: Hanifah Salma Nur , Paulus Darminto Hartono
Published: February 2023

Wabah Covid-19 yang mendunia ini telah memberi berbagai dampak pada kondisi negara dan masyarakat. Masalah kesehatan dan perekonomian merupakan faktor utama yang perlu diatasi dengan cepat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran pemerintah serta Otoritas Jasa Keuangan sebagai regulator bidang keuangan di Indonesia dalam penanganan wabah ini terutama dalama aspek membangkitkan ekonomi nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normative yang mana menggunakan data sekunder dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis dan bersifat kualitatif. Berdasarkan kajian studi pustaka, artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa Otoritas Jasa Keuangan telah mengeluarkan berbagai peraturan dalam hal tindakan pencegahan penurunan stabilitas perekonomian nasional serta peran pemerintah dari aspek hukum yang telah mengeluarkan kebijakan mengenai stabilitas sistem keuangan hingga peraturan kesehatan guna menekan rantai penularan wabah.
Mekanisme Pelaksanaan Prinsip Checks And Balances Antara Lembaga Legislatif Dan Eksekutif Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Pulungan Rizky Andrian Ramadhan , A.L.W Lita Tyesta
Published: February 2023

Mekanisme checks and balances dalam proses pembentukan Undang-Undang memiliki dampak positif yaitu dapat mencegah dominasi dan kesewenangan dari salah satu lembaga dan negative yaitu ketika tidak ditemukan kesepakatan dalam perundingan, yang berimbas pada kebentukan dan penghentikan proses pembuatan undang-undang. Penelitian menganalisis pengaturan pelaksanaan mekanisme checks and balances antara lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif dalam pembentukan Undang-Undang serta realisasi mekanisme checks and balances antara lembaga lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif apakah dapat diwujudkan dalam  proses pembentukan Undang-Undang. penelitian ini menggunakan metode penulisan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis serta sumber data penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder. Hasil pembahasan bahwa Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat selaku lembaga legislatif memegang kekuasaan dalam membentuk Undang-Undang, tetapi dalam proses pembentukan Undang-Undang tersebut harus melibatkan presiden selaku lembaga eksekutif khususnya dalam proses pembahasan Rancangan Undang Undang tingkat II untuk mendapatkan persetujuan bersama dan Presiden tetap mengambil peran untuk mengambil sikap dan mengontrol pelaksanaan pembahasan tingkat II mengenai Rancangan Undang Undang, sehingga mencerminkan terwujudnya checks and balances antara DPR dan Presiden. Mekanisme checks and balances antara lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif dalam pembentukan Undang-Undang dapat diwujudkan walaupun tidak adanya hak veto Presiden.
Persoalan Tertib Administrasi Pertanahan Melalui Kegiatan Pendaftaran Tanah Yang Berkeadilan
Authors: Ardani Mira Novana , Yusriyadi Yusriyadi , Silviana Ana
Published: February 2023

Pendaftaran tanah merupakan kegiatan administrasi di bidang pertanahan yang bertujuan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, terdapat permasalahan tumpang tindih alat bukti kepemilikan hak atas tanah, ketimpangan dalam kepemilikan tanah. Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana hambatan dalam penyelenggaraan tertib administrasi pertanahan melalui kegiatan pendaftaran tanah yang berkeadilan. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yakni yuridis normatif dengan Analisa kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hambatan internal dalam penyelenggaraan tertib administrasi pertanahan melalui kegiatan pendaftaran tanah yang berkeadilan berupa sumber daya manusia yang terbatas, beban kerja dari pegawai di kantor pertanahan yang tidak sedikit, serta dalam pelaksanaannya harus melihat kondisi sosial masyarakat daerah yang mempunyai karakteristik berbeda yang mendasarkan pada kearifan lokal. Hambatan eksternal masih kurang optimalnya partisipasi masyarakat, adanya masyarakat yang masih enggan untuk mengikuti kegiatan pendaftaran tanah.
Dampak Pelaksanaan Presidential Threshold pada Pemilu Serentak terhadap Demokrasi di Indonesia
Authors: Hapsari Yasinta Dyah Paramitha , Saraswati Retno
Published: February 2023

Presidential threshold dalam Pemilihan Umum Presiden di Indonesia memberi wawasan pandangan tentang tanggung jawab terhadap penyempurnaan hak masyarakat serta hak politik yang telah dijamin dalam konstitusi. Presidential threshold disinyalir mampu membungkam ekspresi dan aspirasi rakyat untuk mencalonkan calon presiden alternative yang berpotensi memarginalkan hak-hak rakyat untuk dalam mengekspresikan aspirasinya. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mengetahui relevansi beserta dampak diberlakukannya presidential threshold terhadap pemberlakuan Pemilu Serentak di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative. Hasil penelitian bahwa pelaksanaan presidential threshold menjadi ikhtiar dalam rangka mewujudkan konfederasi golongan atas parlemen yang kokoh menjadi partai tunggal secara konseptual namun dalam pelaksanaanya presidential threshold juga perlu mewujudkan hak tiap-tiap Partai Politik guna mengusung calon Presiden dalam Pemilihan Umum sehingga meminimalisir terjadinya resesi demokrasi yang tidak mampu memberi makna bagi kesuksesan semua pihak terutama pada Partai Politik kecil. Maka diperlukan adanya rekonstruksi hukum dengan mengakomodir hak Parpol tanpa terkecuali, salah satunya dengan menurunkan angka presidential threshold dalam tolok ukur yang menjamin setiap Partai Politik dapat ikut serta kontestasi Pemilihan Umum Presiden.
Effect of surface oxides on tritium entrance and permeation in FeCrAl alloys for nuclear fuel cladding: a review
Authors: Garud Yogendra S. , Rebak Raul B.
Published: February 2023

Iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are being considered for the cladding of uranium dioxide fuel in light water reactors (LWRs). FeCrAl alloys have good mechanical properties at temperatures of 300 °C and higher, and have superlative resistance to attack by steam at temperatures of up to 1000 °C and higher. A concern has been raised that the use of FeCrAl for cladding would result in a higher content of tritium in the reactor coolant as compared with the current system where the cladding is a zirconium based alloy. This review shows that the flux of tritium from the fuel rod cavities to the coolant across the fuel cladding wall will be greatly reduced by the presence of oxides on the surface of the cladding. The review of current literature and permeation data show that (a) protective oxides are expected to be present on both sides of the FeCrAl cladding, and (b) depending on the characteristics of these oxide layers it is reasonable to expect about two–three orders of magnitude reduction in tritium permeation, relative to the permeation response in clean, unoxidized condition for FeCrAl steels of interest, around 277 °C–377 °C temperatures.
Normal bone density but altered geometry in girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Schweizer Roland , Mayer Judith , Binder Gerhard
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Data on bone density and stability in Turner syndrome (TS) are contradictory. A confounding factor for interpretation is short stature. The aim was to measure bone density, geometry and stability in girls with TS compared to idiopathic short stature (ISS).

Methods

From 1999 to 2008, 59 girls with TS (35 prepubertal) were evaluated by pQCT. Mean age was 8.9 in prepubertal and 17.3 years in adolescent girls. Mean height was −3.1 and −1.8 SDS in prepubertal treatment-free and in adolescent, formerly rhGH-treated girls. For comparison, 18 prepubertal ISS girls were studied (age 7.7 years; height −3.3 SDS). Examination of radius with pQCT (XCT 2000). Cortical (CD) and trabecular density (TD), total bone area (TBA), cortical area (CA), cortical thickness, muscle area and strength strain index (SSI) were determined and compared with height related references.

Results

In prepubertal girls with TS, TD and CD were normal (0.55 and 0.90 SDS) and comparable to ISS (0.95 and 1.53 SDS). TBA was greater in girls with TS than in ISS (0.87 vs. −0.33 SDS) whereas CA was similar (1.48 vs. 1.43 SDS). The SSI was comparable (1.61 vs. 1.56 SDS). Adolescent girls with TS showed similar results with a TD of 0.48 SDS, a CD of −0.32, TBA of 1.99, a CA of −0.05 and an SSI of 0.88 SDS.

Conclusions

The observations are consistent with normal bone density and stability but altered bone geometry in prepubertal and substituted adolescent girls with TS. This peculiarity may reflect SHOX deficiency. We therefore think that timely and adequate estrogen substitution could prevent bone loss in TS.
Evaluation of a nurse-led counselling intervention on selected outcome variables for parents of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Verma Poonam , Sharma Sunita , Kaur Sukhwinder , Rohilla Latika , Malhi Prahbhjot , Dayal Devi
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Long-term care of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has psycho-social implications for parents. Experts recommend a customized educational program for parents to facilitate their psychological adaptation and improve disease management. Such educational programs often provided by nurse counsellors are well evaluated in developed countries. There is a dearth of data on nurse-led counselling in the context of less developed countries. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a nurse-led counselling intervention on various psycho-social outcomes among parents of children with CAH.

Methods

Fifty consecutive parents of children with CAH attending an outpatient clinic at a tertiary-care teaching hospital were enrolled. Parents’ stress level, stigma, knowledge, practices, and treatment adherence were assessed by using Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), DSD Stigma scale, and HILL-Bon Medication Adherence Scale (HB-MAS). Three educational counselling sessions were conducted within a month’s gap, using PowerPoint presentations and a booklet. Assessment of outcomes was done at baseline and at the end of the third session.

Results

At baseline, the majority (90%) of the parents had moderate stress. Half of the parents had mild and the rest had moderate stigma. After the intervention, the majority (94%) of parents had shifted to mild levels of stress and stigma. At baseline, 86% of the parents had poor knowledge about the disease whereas post-intervention, 80% were having good knowledge. Disease management practices and treatment adherence also improved after the intervention.

Conclusions

Nurse-led counselling was effective in reducing psycho-social problems, increasing knowledge, as well as improving practices and treatment adherence.
Evaluation of Re/99mTc-labeled somatostatin receptor-targeting peptide complexes synthesized via direct metal cyclization
Authors: Makris George , Li Yawen , Gallazzi Fabio , Kuchuk Marina , Wang Jing , Lewis Michael R. , Jurisson Silvia S. , Hennkens Heather M.
Published: February 2023

With interest in the development of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) targeting agents for potential application in diagnostic SPECT imaging (99mTc) or Peptide Radionuclide Receptor Therapy (PRRT, 186Re or 188Re) of neuroendocrine tumors, we present herein 99mTc/Re (radio)complexes synthesized by the integrated (radio)labeling approach of peptide cyclization via metal complexation. In particular, we utilized the potent SSTR2 peptide antagonist sequence DOTA-4-NO2-Phe-c(DCys-Tyr-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Cys)-DTyr-NH2 (DOTA-sst2-ANT) and report the syntheses and in vitro evaluations of its respective [99mTc]Tc/Re-cyclized peptides ([99mTc]Tc/Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT). The Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT complex was synthesized via an on-resin Re(V)-cyclization reaction using the ReOCl3(PPh3)2 precursor and consisted of three isomers characterized by LC–ESI-MS. The [99mTc]Tc-cyclized analogue was prepared via a ligand exchange reaction of the [99mTc][TcO]3+ core through a [99mTc]Tc-glucoheptonate intermediate with linear DOTA-sst2-ANT and was characterized by comparative HPLC studies against Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT. Good in vitro binding affinity was demonstrated in SSTR-expressing cells (AR42J) by the Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT major isomer, similar to the potent binder Lu-DOTA-sst2-ANT, in which the Lu metal was complexed by the bifunctional chelator DOTA versus via peptide cyclization. [99mTc]Tc-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT was obtained in high radiochemical yield, also with an elution pattern of three isomers observed by HPLC analysis, which were comparable yet not identical to those of Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT. The [99mTc]Tc-tracer complex was shown to be hydrophilic, and stability studies at 4 h demonstrated that it remained intact in both PBS and in rat serum, with low non-specific rat serum protein binding, while exhibiting more moderate stability in 1 mM cysteine. These findings demonstrate that direct Re/[99mTc]Tc-cyclization of DOTA-sst2-ANT is feasible and may be used as an alternative approach to the bifunctional chelate labeling strategy. However, given that the non-radioactive (Re) and radiotracer (99mTc) analogues are not identical and both form isomeric products in equilibrium, additional design modifications will be necessary prior to in vivo application of [99mTc]Tc/Re-cyc-DOTA-sst2-ANT.
A review of the application of three-dimensional convolutional neural networks for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using neuroimaging
Authors: Xu Xinze , Lin Lan , Sun Shen , Wu Shuicai
Published: February 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder that leads to progressive, irreversible cognitive decline. To obtain an accurate and timely diagnosis and detect AD at an early stage, numerous approaches based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using neuroimaging data have been proposed. Because 3D CNNs can extract more spatial discrimination information than 2D CNNs, they have emerged as a promising research direction in the diagnosis of AD. The aim of this article is to present the current state of the art in the diagnosis of AD using 3D CNN models and neuroimaging modalities, focusing on the 3D CNN architectures and classification methods used, and to highlight potential future research topics. To give the reader a better overview of the content mentioned in this review, we briefly introduce the commonly used imaging datasets and the fundamentals of CNN architectures. Then we carefully analyzed the existing studies on AD diagnosis, which are divided into two levels according to their inputs: 3D subject-level CNNs and 3D patch-level CNNs, highlighting their contributions and significance in the field. In addition, this review discusses the key findings and challenges from the studies and highlights the lessons learned as a roadmap for future research. Finally, we summarize the paper by presenting some major findings, identifying open research challenges, and pointing out future research directions.
A Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatóinak Európához való viszonyulása
Authors: Grünhut Zoltán , Bodor Ákos
Published: February 2023

Jelen tanulmány a Pécsi Tudományegyetem hallgatóinak Európához fűződő viszonyulásait igyekszik feltárni, kérdőíves módszerrel, különböző dimenziókra fókuszálva. Az írás bevezetője, empirikus vizsgálatok eredményeire támaszkodva, tömören összefoglalja a magyar lakosság Európa-képének főbb ismérveit. A saját adatok elemzése a kérdőív tematikai blokkjai szerint történik, a legegyszerűbb leírói statisztikákat alkalmazva. Az eredmények bemutatása az érzelmi kötődéssel kezdődik, majd az azonosságtudat vállalása, illetve az integrációról alkotott vélekedések elemzése következik. Bizonyos dimenziókat az elemzés szélesebb társadalmi kontextusban is tárgyal. E blokk eredményei azt tükrözik, hogy a diákok erősen kötődnek Európához, támogatják az integráció mélyülését, s fontosnak ítélik az EU-tagságot. A következő blokkból kiderül, hogy a hallgatóknak szilárd bizalma van az EU-s intézményekben, ösztönzik bizonyos szakpolitikák integrációját, ugyanakkor bizonytalanok annak kapcsán, mely kormányzati szinten összpontosuljanak a legfőbb jog- és hatáskörök. Végezetül az utolsó blokk a koronavírus-járványra és az EU intézkedéseire koncentrál. E rész eredményei szerint a diákok közös, uniós kihívásként értelmezik a járványt, s hisznek abban, hogy az EU sokat tett a járvány megfékezéséért
A mentorpedagógusok szerepe a tanítóképzésben
Authors: Csenger Lajosné
Published: February 2023

Tanítónak lenni a világ egyik legfelemelőbb és legcsodálatosabb hivatása. Egy küldetés, egy csoda, egy varázslat szeretetet, értékeket, normákat, ismereteket átadni a csillogó szemű, kíváncsi, tudásra vágyó kisdiákoknak. A tanítóvá válás nem a pedagógusképző intézmények kapuját átlépve kezdődik. Sok pedagógus számol be arról, hogy már elsős korában eldöntötte, hogy pedagógus lesz, mert tanítója példaként szolgált számára. Ezt a belső motivációt, a pálya iránti elköteleződést, a diszciplináris szakmai- pedagógiai ismeretek elsajátítása, valamint a tanítási gyakorlatok tapasztalatai formálják professzióvá. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy egy esettanulmányon keresztül feltárja, hogy a negyedéves tanító szakos hallgatók számára a tanulmányaik során végzett egyéni és társas gyakorlatok, valamint az azokat irányító mentorpedagógusok milyen szerepet játszottak a tanítóvá válásuk folyamatában. A kérdőíves felmérés során többek között arra kerestük a választ, hogy a tanítójelölteknek milyen elvárásoknak kellett megfelelni, milyen tapasztalatokkal gazdagodtak tanítási gyakorlataik során. Ugyanakkor az is lényeges kérdés, hogy a hallgatók milyen elvárásokat támasztottak mentoraikkal szemben. Fontos szempont annak tisztázása is, hogy a tanítási gyakorlatokat vezető mentorok kiválasztása milyen formában történik. A kutatás eredményei alapján megállapítható, hogy a tanítási gyakorlatok szükségességét és hasznát sem a hallgatók, sem a mentorok nem vitatják. A sikeres együttműködés pozitív emberi és szakmai kvalitások rendszerére épül. A közös munka a hallgatók és a mentorok szakmai fejlődését is segíti.
Kim Jin-man's Anti-Japanese Independence Movement
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Kim Il-Su
Published: February 2023

Kim Jin-man has been one of the representative literary painters of the 20th century who has established his art world through Sagunja painting and Gimyeongjeolji painting and influenced the flower bed for a long time since he had academic ability. In order to restore the independence of the Japanese colonial eran people and achieve national independence, he started the Reconstruction Achievement Friendship Association and the “Daegu Pistol Incident”. He was a representative anti-Japanese independence activist in Daegu in the 1910s who promoted the anti-Japanese independence movement. His anti-Japanese independence movement was inherited over three generations. Soon, he continued to his grandson Kim Il-sik, following his sons Kim Young-jo and Kim Young-ki. Through this, the Kim Jin-man family established the overall image of the three major independence movements. In addition, the three major independence movements of the Kim Jin-man family were consistent with the chang e in the route of the anti-Japanese independence movement in Japanese colonial era. The three major independence movements of the Kim Jin-man family have great implications for the direction that our society should view and predict even today in the 21st century.
Body Composition of Competitive Bodybuilders: A Systematic Review of Published Data and Recommendations for Future Work
Authors: Bauer Pascal , Majisik Alan , Mitter Benedikt , Csapo Robert , Tschan Harald , Hume Patria , Martínez-Rodríguez Alejandro , Makivic Bojan
Published: February 2023

Bauer, P, Majisik, A, Mitter, B, Csapo, R, Tschan, H, Hume, P, Martínez-Rodríguez, A, and Makivic, B. Body composition of competitive bodybuilders: a systematic review of published data and recommendations for future work. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 726–732, 2023—The purpose of this review was to systematically summarize studies measuring the body composition of competitive bodybuilding athletes to provide recommended values for preparation and during competition. The protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42020197921) and followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. A search of 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Scopus) was conducted to retrieve all relevant publications from January 1, 2000, up to June 13, 2021. Of 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, 6 presented longitudinal data on competition preparation and were discussed in detail. In the general preparation phase, body fat levels of bodybuilding athletes ranged between 15.3 and 25.2% (female) and from 9.6 to 16.3% (male). Close to competition, however, body fat levels were substantially lower, ranging from 8.1 to 18.3% for female and 5.8–10.7% for male athletes. All studies comparing relative body fat values at various time points during competition preparation found significant reductions between 30 and 60% in relative body fat, whereas lean mass was mostly maintained. Findings from the studies included in this review suggest that most bodybuilding competitors keep resistance training volume high while increasing aerobic training volume when preparing for competition. Findings on energy intake and macronutrient distribution were unclear and should be addressed in future studies. Further research, especially on contest preparation, is warranted and should include more details about training programs, nutritional strategies, psychosocial situation, anabolic androgen steroid, and supplement use as well as measurement protocols and preparation.
Postexercise Arterial Compliance and Hemodynamic Responses to Various Durations and Intensities of Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Karabulut Murat , Bitting Margarita , Bejar Jorge
Published: February 2023

Karabulut, M, Bitting, M, and Bejar, J. Postexercise arterial compliance and hemodynamic responses to various durations and intensities of aerobic exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 589–596, 2023—The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various aerobic training protocols using different intensities and durations on arterial compliance and hemodynamic responses. Seventeen male subjects (age = 23.1 ± 2.8 years) performed a maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max) test, followed by 3 randomly assigned exercise test sessions, each on a separate day. At the beginning of each test session, pre-exercise baseline assessments of arterial elasticity, hemodynamic variables, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed after a 10-minute rest. After baseline measurements, participants performed either a bout of aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 60 minutes at 65% of V̇o
2max (60min); 20 minutes at 40% of V̇o
2max (20min); or for 20 minutes at 40% of V̇o
2max with blood flow restriction (BFR; 20min-BFR). All baseline measurements were repeated at the completion of each testing session. Significance for this study was set at p ≤ 0.05. The 60min session resulted in significant increases in small artery elasticity (SAE) compared with the 20min-BFR session (p < 0.03) and decreases in both systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and total vascular impedance (TVI) compared with both 20min sessions (p < 0.01). The carotid to radial PWV was significantly lower after both the 60min and the 20min-BFR sessions compared with the 20min session (p < 0.02). The findings indicate that the duration and the intensity of exercise are important factors for improving SAE, SVR, and TVI. In addition, 20min-BFR at 40% V̇o
2max may result in site-specific modifications in PWV that is comparable with those seen after 60 minutes of exercise at 65% V̇o
2max.
Similar Responses in the Akt/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway Following Different Lower-Body Exercise Volumes in Recreationally Active Men
Authors: Pearson Jeremy R. , Moodie Nicole , Stout Kevan W. , Hawkins William C. , Matuszek Mallory , Graham Zachary A. , Siedlik Jacob A. , Vardiman John P. , Gallagher Philip M.
Published: February 2023

Pearson, JR, Moodie, N, Stout, KW, Hawkins, WC, Matuszek, M, Graham, ZA, Siedlik, JA, Vardiman, JP, and Gallagher, PM. Similar responses in the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway after different lower-body exercise volumes in recreationally active men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—This project examined the differences between a single set (SS) compared to multiple sets (MS) of resistance exercise on the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the receptor for IGF-1 (IGF-1R) to better understand the types of resistance training protocols that are most beneficial in stimulating the muscle hypertrophic response. Sixteen healthy men were randomly selected into 2 groups of 8. Subjects in each group received 3 biopsies: (a) before exercise, (b) 15 minutes postexercise, and (c) 180 minutes postexercise. Subjects in the SS group performed 1 set of leg press to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Subjects in the MS group performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions and 1 set to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1RM, with 3 minutes of rest between each set. Our results indicated no group × time interactions in the concentration of Akt signaling proteins. Furthermore, there were no group × time interactions in IGF-1 or IGF-1R expression. However, phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 levels increased 150% from pre to 180 minutes post (p = 0.005). In addition, there was a significantly greater increase in IGF-1R expression in the SS group compared with the MS group (7.99 ± 10.07 vs. 4.41 ± 6.28; p = 0.026). Collectively, we found that a SS of resistance training evokes a similar acute Akt/PKB pathway response as MS in recreationally active men.
Variations in Physical and Competitive Performance of Highly Trained Sprinters Across an Annual Training Season
Authors: Loturco Irineu , Fernandes Victor , Bishop Chris , Mercer Valter P. , Siqueira Felipe , Nakaya Katsuhico , Pereira Lucas A. , Haugen Thomas
Published: February 2023

Loturco, I, Fernandes, V, Bishop, C, Mercer, VP, Siqueira, F, Nakaya, K, Pereira, LA, and Haugen, T. Variations in physical and competitive performance of highly trained sprinters across an annual training season.J Strength Cond Res37(5): 1104–1110, 2023—We assessed the changes in sprint, jump, and power parameters across the annual training cycle and tested the longitudinal correlations among these variables in top-level sprinters. Thirteen sprinters training with 4 different Olympic sprint coaches were sequentially assessed over 14 months, from January 2019 to March 2020, within 4 consecutive training camps. Performance tests were conducted as follows: standing long jump, squat and countermovement jumps, 10-m and 60-m sprint time, and maximum power output in the half-squat, jump-squat, and hip-thrust exercises. The competitive results of the sprinters throughout the study period were also recorded and analyzed. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the physical measurements between different testing sessions. A Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to examine the longitudinal relationships between changes in speed-related and power-related parameters. Percentage change was computed and compared with coefficient of variation values to determine whether changes in performance metrics were higher than the test variance, thus providing an indication of whether true changes occurred on an individual basis. Overall, sprinters did not exhibit significant changes in sprint speed, jumping ability, and power output. In addition, variations in competitive times (i.e., 100 m races) followed a similar pattern, within an average range of ±1.36%, for both male and female sprinters. As expected, top-level sprinters presented only small variations in physical and competitive performance over time. Nevertheless, the use of an individual statistical technique (i.e., true changes calculation) revealed that these nonsignificant increases or decreases may represent meaningful changes in their competitive potential.
Effect of Ice Slurry Beverages on Voluntary Fluid Intake and Exercise Performance
Authors: Ng Jason , Wingo Jonathan E.
Published: February 2023

Ng, J and Wingo, JE. Effect of ice slurry beverages on voluntary fluid intake and exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): e376–e383, 2023—Voluntary intake of cold fluid is greater than warm fluid as a result of more favorable palatability, resulting in better maintenance of hydration status and improved exercise performance. It remains unclear whether voluntary ingestion of ice slurry beverages compared with cold fluid during exercise yields superior results. Eight recreationally active subjects (mean ± SD; age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 175.2 ± 7.8 cm, mass = 79.6 ± 11.2 kg, body fat = 13.0 ± 5.2%) completed a pretest in 22° C to determine maximal workload (Wmax). Then, in 2, separate, counterbalanced trials, they cycled for 60 minutes at 50%Wmax in 35° C and 40% relative humidity with either ad libitum ice slurry (−1.3 ± 0.3° C) or cold fluid (11.1 ± 2.4° C) ingestion. This was immediately followed by a 15-minute cycling time trial. Subjects avoided 2% body mass loss in both conditions but ingested twice as much cold fluid as ice slurry (fluid: 1,074.7 ± 442.1 g, ice slurry: 526.9 ± 214.1 g; p = 0.001). Nonetheless, neither 15-minute performances (cold fluid: 119.5 ± 34.8 kJ, ice slurry: 114.6 ± 20.9 kJ; p = 0.59) nor whole-body sweat rates (fluid: 1,370 ± 311 ml·h−1, ice slurry: 1,242 ± 191 ml·h−1; p = 0.20) were different between the conditions. Despite ingesting half as much ice slurry as cold fluid, subjects experienced similar physiological responses and thus had similar performances under heat stress while avoiding excessive hypohydration. Under the conditions of this study, ice slurry ingestion was an effective alternative form of exercise hydration.
Pedalling Cadence Affects V̇o 2 Kinetics in Severe-Intensity Exercise
Authors: Hill David W. , Vingren Jakob L.
Published: February 2023

Hill, DW and Vingren, JL. Pedalling cadence affects V̇o
2 kinetics in severe-intensity exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1211–1217, 2023—The purpose was to investigate the effects of pedalling cadence on V̇o
2 kinetics in severe-intensity cycling exercise. This question is pertinent to exercise testing, where cadence is an important (and often confounding) variable, and to performance, where V̇o
2 kinetics determines the initial reliance upon anaerobic reserves. Eighteen university students performed tests to exhaustion at 241 ± 31 W, using cadences of 60, 80, and 100 rev·min−1. V̇o
2 data were fitted to a 2-component model (primary phase + slow component). Responses during the 3 tests were compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance, with significance at p < 0.05. The mean response time of the primary phase of the V̇o
2 response (time to reach 63% of the response) was progressively smaller (response was faster) at higher cadences (37 ± 4 seconds at 60 rev·min−1, 32 ± 5 seconds at 80 rev·min−1, 27 ± 4 seconds at 100 rev·min−1), and there was a concomitantly faster heart rate response. In addition, the time delay before the slow component was shorter, the amplitude of the primary phase was greater, and the amplitude of the slow component was smaller at the higher cadence. The results suggest that pedalling cadence itself—and not just the higher metabolic demand associated with higher cadences—may be responsible for differences in temporal characteristics (time delays, time constants) of the primary and slow phases of the V̇o
2 response. Exercise scientists must consider, and coaches might apply, the relationship between V̇o
2 kinetics and pedalling cadence during exercise testing.
Heart Rate Variability and Cortisol Levels Before and After a Brief Anaerobic Exercise in Handball Players
Authors: Kayacan Yıldırım , Makaracı Yücel , Ucar Cihat , Amonette William E. , Yıldız Sedat
Published: February 2023

Kayacan, Y, Makaracı, Y, Ucar, C, Amonette, WE, and Yıldız, S. Heart rate variability and cortisol levels before and after a brief anaerobic exercise in handball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Evaluating stress in athletes is important for monitoring overall physiologic load and is a core practice for sport performance teams. This study examined relationships between 2 metrics of training stress, heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol, before and after intense anaerobic power testing. Electrocardiogram recordings and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after a Wingate anaerobic power test (WAnT-30) from professional handball players (n = 20) and sedentary controls (n = 18). Between-group differences and correlations were computed to assess study hypotheses. No differences were observed in HRV frequency-dependent parameters between groups, but in athletes, Min. R-R (p < 0.01) and Avg.R-R (p = 0.03) before WAnT-30 and the percentage of successive normal cardiac beat intervals greater than 50 milliseconds (i.e., pNN50; p = 0.03) after WAnT-30 were elevated. A high positive correlation was detected between the pretest and post-test cortisol levels in athletes (p = 0.0001; r = 0.87) but not in sedentary individuals. No correlations were observed between the cortisol levels and WAnT-30 power parameters in either group. Relationships were evident in the standard deviation of RR intervals (p = 0.02, r = −0.53), square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR intervals (p = 0.043, r = −0.46), very low frequency (p = 0.032; r = −0.480), high-frequency (p = 0.02; r = −0.52) variables, and pretesting cortisol in athletes. These findings suggest that HRV analysis is a valuable tool for examining cardiovascular regulation, independent of cortisol; the data may provide valuable information for performance teams in evaluating acute stress.
Effects of Occupational Load on the Acceleration, Change of Direction Speed, and Anaerobic Power of Police Officers
Authors: Kukić Filip , Janković Radivoje , Dawes J. Jay , Orr Robin , Koropanovski Nenad
Published: February 2023

Kukić, F, Janković, R, Dawes, JJ, Orr, R, and Koropanovski, N. Effects of occupational load on the acceleration, change of direction speed, and anaerobic power of police officers. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1237–1243, 2023—Police officers engage in movements such as foot pursuits, sudden directional changes, or prolonged sprinting while wearing occupational loads (including body armor, baton, radio, handcuffs, and sidearm). This study investigated the effects of incrementally heavier loads carried by police students on their physical performance. Police students (n = 63; male n = 39 male and 24 female students) performed an acceleration over a 10-m distance (Acc10m), Illinois agility test (IAT), and 300-yard shuttle run test (ShR300y) without load, with a 5-kg load (handgun, spare empty magazine, baton, and handcuffs), and with a 10-kg load (loaded vest). The effects of different load conditions were investigated for both sexes using a repeated-measure analysis of variance and Cohen's effect size. Female students carried relatively heavier loads and were slower than male students in Acc10m, IAT, and ShR300y. Load significantly (p < 0.001) impaired the performance in Acc10m, IAT, and ShR300y in both sexes, but the effects were greater (p < 0.001) among female police students. A load as little as 5 kg was sufficient to reduce Acc10m, IAT, and ShR300y among police students. Increasing the load to 10 kg (i.e., wearing the body armor) did not significantly affect Acc10m and IAT among male students, but it did affect Acc10m and IAT among female students. Sprint endurance (i.e., ShR300y) was strongly affected by both loads regardless of sex. Strength and conditioning programs should focus on strength, power, and anaerobic endurance to improve performance while carrying occupational loads. Occasional training with loads similar to those at work may further ensure that officers are fit for purpose.
Can We Make Blood Flow Restriction Training More Accessible? Validity of a Low-Cost Blood Flow Restriction Device to Estimate Arterial Occlusion Pressure
Authors: Keller Martin , Faude Oliver , Gollhofer Albert , Centner Christoph
Published: February 2023

Keller, M, Faude, O, Gollhofer, A, and Centner, C. Can we make blood flow restriction training more accessible? Validity of a low-cost blood flow restriction device to estimate arterial occlusion pressure. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1581–1587, 2023—Evidence indicates that low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) results in comparable gains in muscle mass and muscle strength as high-load resistance training without BFR. Low-load BFR training is a promising tool for areas such as rehabilitation because individuals are exposed to low mechanical stress. However, BFR training is only safe and effective when the cuff pressure is individually adjusted to the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). Generally, thresholds for AOP are typically determined with sophisticated laboratory material, including Doppler ultrasound and tourniquet systems. Therefore, this study investigated the validity of a low-cost BFR product with automatic AOP assessment (AirBands International) compared with the gold standard for determining the individual AOP. Valid measurements were obtained at the arms and legs in 104 healthy volunteers. For the arms (n = 49), a Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean difference of 7 ± 13 mm Hg between the 2 methods, with slightly higher pressure levels for the gold standard (131 ± 14 mm Hg) than for the low-cost device (125 ± 17 mm Hg). For the legs (n = 55), the low-cost device reached its maximum pressure capacity in 70% of subjects during AOP identification, making the results on the legs unreliable. Although the low-cost device is a valid tool for identifying the individual AOP in the arms, the device cannot be recommended for use at the legs because of its limited pressure capacity. When using the low-cost device for BFR training at the arms, it is recommended to apply the cuff pressure to 60% of the individual AOP to meet current BFR training guidelines.
Judo-Specific Tests: A Narrative Review With Recommendations for Physical Assessment
Authors: Kons Rafael L. , Orssatto Lucas B. R. , Athayde Marina Saldanha da Silva , Detanico Daniele
Published: February 2023

This narrative review aims to describe and provide usage directions for different types of judo-specific assessments based on the physical demands required by athletes during training and competition. Several judo-specific tests have been developed to test different physical capacities (e.g., aerobic and anaerobic capacities, strength endurance, etc). Judo skills or techniques are used to identify variables involved in performance, such as uchi-komi (technique repetition or repetition training), throws, displacements, grips on the judogi, and the like. Although all the tests can be used to identify the physical profile of each athlete and monitor training effects (acute, subacute, or chronic), some can also be used to prescribe training loads. The judo-specific tests analyzed in this study are a valid and accessible alternative to assess the physical performance of judo athletes, regardless of sex or weight category. These tests are recommended at different times (over the season) to monitor training effects or to prescribe training loads (when possible). Future studies could investigate other methods of validity (e.g., construct validity) in differentiated groups, as well as the sensitivity of the tests to detect changes (even if small) in performance.