bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognising influence: helping authors of non-traditional research outputs evidence the reach and potential impacts of their work
Authors: Bucknell Terry
Published: October 2016

New technologies and the underlying scholarly structure mean that it is now easier than ever to track and report on the online activity surrounding scholarly articles. But how can these methods and tools be adapted to provide similar benefits for scholars who do not consider the journal article their primary form of output, and what challenges are associated with that? This poster will present some of the early developments in this area, and detail how the data might bring future benefits for researchers in a variety of disciplines.
Ecological solutions to reef degradation: optimizing coral reef restoration in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic
Authors: Lirman Diego , Schopmeyer Stephanie
Published: October 2016

Reef restoration activities have proliferated in response to the need to mitigate coral declines and recover lost reef structure, function, and ecosystem services. Here, we describe the recent shift from costly and complex engineering solutions to recover degraded reef structure to more economical and efficient ecological approaches that focus on recovering the living components of reef communities. We review the adoption and expansion of the coral gardening framework in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic where practitioners now grow and outplant 10,000’s of corals onto degraded reefs each year. We detail the steps for establishing a gardening program as well as long-term goals and direct and indirect benefits of this approach in our region. With a strong scientific basis, coral gardening activities now contribute significantly to reef and species recovery, provide important scientific, education, and outreach opportunities, and offer alternate livelihoods to local stakeholders. While challenges still remain, the transition from engineering to ecological solutions for reef degradation has opened the field of coral reef restoration to a wider audience poised to contribute to reef conservation and recovery in regions where coral losses and recruitment bottlenecks hinder natural recovery.
A pilot study examining the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training and continuous low to moderate intensity training on quality of life, functional capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in cancer survivors
Authors: Toohey Kellie , Pumpa Kate L. , Arnolda Leonard , Cooke Julie , Yip Desmond , Craft Paul S. , Semple Stuart
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training and continuous low to moderate intensity training on quality of life, functional capacity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in cancer survivors.

Methods

Cancer survivors within 24 months post-diagnosis were randomly assigned into the low-volume high-intensity interval training group (n = 8) or the continuous low to moderate intensity training group (n = 8) group for 36 sessions (12 weeks) of supervised exercise. The low-volume high-intensity interval training (LVHIIT) group performed 7 × 30 s intervals (≥85% maximal heart rate) and the continuous low to moderate intensity training (CLMIT) group performed continuous aerobic training for 20 min (≤55% maximal heart rate) on a stationary bike or treadmill.

Results

Significant improvements (time) were observed for 13 of the 23 dependent variables (ES 0.05–0.61,p ≤ 0.05). An interaction effect was observed for six minute walk test (18.53% [32.43–4.63] ES 0.50,p ≤ 0.01) with the LVHIIT group demonstrating greater improvements.

Conclusion

These preliminary findings suggest that both interventions can induce improvements in quality of life, functional capacity and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors. The LVHIIT program was well tolerated by the participants and our results suggest that LVHIIT is the preferred modality to improve fitness (6MWT); it remains to be seen which intervention elicits the most clinically relevant outcomes for patients. A larger sample size with a control group is required to confirm the significance of these findings.
Origin of intraplate volcanism in northeast China from Love wave constraints
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan V. , Gao Yuan , Li Aibing , Li Lun , Shi Yutao , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2016

The tectonic source for widespread volcanism in northeast China has not been completely understood. We develop a 3‐D SH velocity model in NE China that provides new constraints to the origin of the volcanism. The 3‐D model is constructed from fundamental mode Love waves at the periods of 20–125 s recorded at 269 broadband seismic stations. The Changbai Mountain is characterized by a significant low velocity in the lower crust and uppermost mantle, which probably results from mantle upwelling due to the subduction of the Pacific plate. A fast and thin mantle lid of ~75 km is present beneath the Songliao Basin, indicating lithosphere extension from back‐arc rifting. The slow velocity in the middle and fast velocities in the south and north at 75–115 km depths in the Songliao Basin suggest complex mantle flow with upwelling and downwelling. Unlike the other volcanic fields (Changbaishan volcano, Jingpohu volcano, and Abaga volcano), the Halaha volcano has high velocity in the lower crust and upper mantle, implying a limited melt supply from mantle source recently. The subduction‐induced upwelling leads to complicated small‐scale mantle convection, which is responsible for the intraplate magmatism in northeast China.
Ice nucleation activity of agricultural soil dust aerosols from Mongolia, Argentina, and Germany
Authors: Steinke I. , Funk R. , Busse J. , Iturri A. , Kirchen S. , Leue M. , Möhler O. , Schwartz T. , Schnaiter M. , Sierau B. , Toprak E. , Ullrich R. , Ulrich A. , Hoose C. , Leisner T.
Published: October 2016

Soil dust particles emitted from agricultural areas contain considerable mass fractions of organic material. Also, soil dust particles may act as carriers for potentially ice‐active biological particles. In this work, we present ice nucleation experiments conducted in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud chamber. We investigated the ice nucleation efficiency of four types of soil dust from different regions of the world. The results are expressed as ice nucleation active surface site (INAS) densities and presented for the immersion freezing and the deposition nucleation mode. For immersion freezing occurring at 254 K, samples from Argentina, China, and Germany show ice nucleation efficiencies which are by a factor of 10 higher than desert dusts. On average, the difference in ice nucleation efficiencies between agricultural and desert dusts becomes significantly smaller at temperatures below 247 K. In the deposition mode the soil dusts showed higher ice nucleation activity than Arizona Test Dust over a temperature range between 232 and 248 K and humidities RHice up to 125%. INAS densities varied between 109 and 1011 m−2 for these thermodynamic conditions. For one soil dust sample (Argentinian Soil), the effect of treatments with heat was investigated. Heat treatments (383 K) did not affect the ice nucleation efficiency observed at 249 K. This finding presumably excludes proteinaceous ice‐nucleating entities as the only source of the increased ice nucleation efficiency.
High Surface Area Nano‐Boehmite as Effective Nano‐Filler for Preparation of Boehmite‐Polyamide‐6 Nanocomposites
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Gholamhossein , Dinari Mohammad , Nabiyan Afshin
Published: October 2016

Modified high surface area nano‐boehmite particles (mB), as effective nano‐filler, and polyamide‐6, as a polymer matrix, were used for preparation of new nanocomposites. In this regards, bulk interaction method was used for such an objective and 3‐mercaptopropyl‐trimethoxysilane was selected as a modifier. In this method, the modified boehmite‐polyamide‐6 nanocomposites (mB‐PA6 NCs) were prepared under reflux condition and sonication subsequently. The prepared novel NCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed an increase in onset of decomposition temperature for the NCs to that of pristine polyamide‐6. Furthermore, as the amount of mB was increased the onset of decomposition temperature shifts more toward higher temperatures. However, TEM images of mB‐PA6 NCs display exactly and clearly that mB particles are present in the quantum dots scale in PA6 matrix.
Phylogeny of the jacchus group of Callithrix marmosets based on complete mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Malukiewicz Joanna , Hepp Crystal M. , Guschanski Katerina , Stone Anne C.
Published: October 2016

Objectives

Two subgroups make up the marmoset genus Callithrix. The “aurita” group is composed of two species, whereas evolutionary relationships among the four species of the “jacchus” group remain unclear. To uncover these relationships, we first sequenced mitochondrial genomes for C. kuhlii and C. penicillata to complement data available for congeners. We then constructed a phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA heavy chain protein coding genes from several primates to untangle species relationships and estimate divergence times of the jacchus group.

Materials and Methods

MtDNA genomes of C. kuhlii and C. penicillata were Sanger sequenced. These Callithrix mitogenomes were combined with other publically available primate mtDNA genomes. Phylogenies were produced using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Finally, divergence times within the jacchus group of marmosets were estimated with Bayesian inference.

Results

In our phylogenetic tree, C. geoffroyi was the sister to all other jacchus group species, followed by C. kuhlii, while C. jacchus and C. penicillata diverged most recently. Bayesian inference showed that C. jacchus and C. penicillata diverged approximately 0.70 MYA and that the jacchus group radiated approximately 1.30 MYA.

Discussion

Callithrix nuclear and mtDNA phylogenies frequently result in polytomies and paraphyly. Here, we present a well‐supported phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial genome sequences, which facilitates the understanding of the divergence of the jacchus marmosets. Our results demonstrate how mitochondrial genomes can enrich Callithrix phylogenetic studies by alleviating some of the difficulties faced by previous mtDNA studies and allow formulation of hypotheses to test further under larger genomic‐scale analyses.
Cellulose‐Nanokristalle in hoher Ausbeute durch Abbau und Kristallisation von Cellulose mittels gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff
Authors: Kontturi Eero , Meriluoto Anne , Penttilä Paavo A. , Baccile Niki , Malho Jani‐Markus , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas , Ruokolainen Janne , Serimaa Ritva , Laine Janne , Sixta Herbert
Published: October 2016

Im Pflanzenreich kommt der Cellulose eine zentrale, strukturgebende Rolle zu. Daneben gibt es jedoch unzählige Bestrebungen, dieses doch widerspenstige Polysaccharid abzubauen, vor allem im Zusammenhang mit der Gewinnung von Biokraftstoffen und erneuerbaren Nanomaterialien. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, wie die Behandlung von cellulosischen Fasern mit gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff zu einem schnellen Abbau bei gleichzeitiger Kristallisation führt. Aufgrund der unveränderten Probentextur und dem fehlenden Stoffaustrag im vorliegenden Gas/Feststoff‐System können die Veränderungen der Kristallinität zuverlässig untersucht werden. Hierdurch eröffnet sich ein Weg zur Herstellung von Cellulose‐Nanokristallen in hoher Ausbeute bei minimalem Wasserverbrauch. Supramolekulare Feststoffeigenschaften von morphologisch heterogenen biologischen Materialien können gezielt angepasst werden.
Verbesserung der Dispersion der chemischen Verschiebungen von unstrukturierten Proteinen durch einen kovalent gebundenen Lanthanoidkomplex
Authors: Göbl Christoph , Resch Moritz , Strickland Madeleine , Hartlmüller Christoph , Viertler Martin , Tjandra Nico , Madl Tobias
Published: October 2016

Die Erforschung von intrinsisch unstrukturierten Proteinen (IDPs) mit NMR‐spektroskopischen Methoden wird oftmals durch starke Überlagerung der Proteinsignale erschwert. Dies führt zu uneindeutigen Zuordnungen dieser Signale und erschwert die Datenanalyse, in welcher oftmals eine gute Separierung der Signale die Grundlage der Dateninterpretation bildet. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir von der Möglichkeit, einen Lanthanoidkomplex kovalent an das Zielprotein zu binden, der zu einer erhöhten Dispersion der Signale führt. Wir zeigen diesen Effekt an Proteinen mit sich wiederholenden Aminosäuresequenzen, welche somit besonders von Signalüberlappung betroffen sind. Die Bindung eines DOTA‐basierten Lanthanoidkomplexes an ein Cystein führt zu pseudochemischen Verschiebungen (PCS), die noch in mehr als 20 Aminosäureresten entfernten Regionen detektierbar sind. Die stark erhöhte Dispersion der beobachteten Signale führt zu einer beträchtlichen Erleichterung in der Zuordnung und Datenauswertung.
Synthesis of Chemically Asymmetric Silica Nanobottles and Their Application for Cargo Loading and as Nanoreactors and Nanomotors
Authors: Yi Deliang , Zhang Qian , Liu Yinghua , Song Jiaying , Tang Yi , Caruso Frank , Wang Yajun
Published: October 2016

We report the synthesis of chemically asymmetric silica nanobottles (NBs) with a hydrophobic exterior surface (capped with 3‐chloropropyl groups) and a hydrophilic interior surface for spatially selective cargo loading, and for application as nanoreactors and nanomotors. The silica NBs, which have a “flask bottle” shape with an average diameter of 350 nm and an opening of ca. 100 nm, are prepared by anisotropic sol–gel growth in a water/n‐pentanol emulsion. Due to their chemically asymmetric properties, nanoparticles (NPs) with hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface properties can be selectively loaded inside the NBs or on the outside of the NBs, respectively. A high‐performance nanomotor is constructed by selectively loading catalytically active hydrophilic Pt NPs inside the NBs. It is also demonstrated that these NBs can be used as vessels for various reactions, such as the in situ synthesis of Au NPs, and using Au NP‐loaded NBs as nanoreactors for catalytic reactions.
Mechanochemically Induced Conversion of Crystalline Benzamide Polymorphs by Seeding
Authors: Fischer Franziska , Greiser Sebastian , Pfeifer Dietmar , Jäger Christian , Rademann Klaus , Emmerling Franziska
Published: October 2016

Benzamide has been known for its polymorphism for almost 200 years. Three polymorphic forms are described. To date, it was only possible to crystallize a metastable form in a mixture together with the thermodynamically most stable form I. A complete transformation of form I into the metastable form III by mechanochemical treatment has been achieved. Catalytic amounts of nicotinamide seeds were used to activate the conversion by mechanochemical seeding. NMR experiments indicated that the nicotinamide molecules were incorporated statistically in the crystal lattice of benzamide form III during the conversion. The transformation pathway was evaluated using in situ powder X‐ray diffraction.
A Minimal, Unstrained S‐Allyl Handle for Pre‐Targeting Diels–Alder Bioorthogonal Labeling in Live Cells
Authors: Oliveira Bruno L. , Guo Zijian , Boutureira Omar , Guerreiro Ana , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: October 2016

The unstrained S‐allyl cysteine amino acid was site‐specifically installed on apoptosis protein biomarkers and was further used as a chemical handle and ligation partner for 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines by means of an inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction. We demonstrate the utility of this minimal handle for the efficient labeling of apoptotic cells using a fluorogenic tetrazine dye in a pre‐targeting approach. The small size, easy chemical installation, and selective reactivity of the S‐allyl handle towards tetrazines should be readily extendable to other proteins and biomolecules, which could facilitate their labeling within live cells.
Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Pyrene‐Functionalized 1,10‐Phenanthroline Ligands as Highly Efficient Sensitizers for Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Authors: Lu Yue , Wang Junsi , McGoldrick Niamh , Cui Xiaoneng , Zhao Jianzhang , Caverly Colin , Twamley Brendan , Ó Máille Gearoid M. , Irwin Bryan , Conway‐Kenny Robert , Draper Sylvia M.
Published: October 2016

“Chemistry‐on‐the‐complex” synthetic methods have allowed the selective addition of 1‐ethynylpyrene appendages to the 3‐, 5‐, 3,8‐ and 5,6‐positions of IrIII‐coordinated 1,10‐phenanthroline via Sonogashira cross‐coupling. The resulting suite of complexes has given rise to the first rationalization of their absorption and emission properties as a function of the number and position of the pyrene moieties. Strong absorption in the visible region (e.g. 3,8‐substituted Ir‐3: λabs=481 nm, ϵ=52 400 m−1 cm−1) and long‐lived triplet excited states (e.g. 5‐substituted Ir‐2: τT=367.7 μs) were observed for the complexes in deaerated CH2Cl2. On testing the series as triplet sensitizers for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion, those IrIII complexes bearing pyrenyl appendages at the 3‐ and 3,8‐positions (Ir‐1, Ir‐3) were found to give optimal upconversion quantum yields (30.2 % and 31.6 % respectively).
Cooperative Catalysis and Activation with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Wang Michael H. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: October 2016

N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has emerged as a powerful stratagem in organic synthesis to construct complex molecules primarily by polarity reversal (umpolung) approaches. These unique Lewis bases have been used to generate acyl anions, enolates, and homoenolates in catalytic fashion. Recently, a new strategy has emerged that dramatically expands the synthetic utility of carbene catalysis by leveraging additional activation modes: cooperative catalysis. The careful selection and balance of cocatalysts have led to enhanced reactivity, increased yields, and improved stereoselectivity. In certain cases, these catalytic additives have changed the regioselectivity or diastereoselectivity. This Minireview highlights new advances in NHC cooperative catalysis and surveys the evolution of this field.
Alternating Sequence Control for Carboxylic Acid and Hydroxy Pendant Groups by Controlled Radical Cyclopolymerization of a Divinyl Monomer Carrying a Cleavable Spacer
Authors: Ouchi Makoto , Nakano Marina , Nakanishi Tomoya , Sawamoto Mitsuo
Published: October 2016

By utilizing features of the hemiacetal ester (HAE) bond: easy formation from vinyl ether and carboxylic acid and easy cleavage into different functional groups (‐COOH and ‐OH), we achieved control of the alternating sequence of two functional pendant groups of a vinyl copolymer. Methacrylate‐ and acrylate‐based vinyl groups were connected through HAE bonds to prepare a cleavable divinyl monomer, which was cyclo‐polymerized under optimized conditions in a ruthenium‐catalyzed living radical polymerization. Subsequent cleavage of the HAE bonds in the resultant cyclo‐pendant led to a copolymer consisting of alternating methacrylic acid and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate units as analyzed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The alternating sequence of ‐COOH and ‐OH pendants specifically provided a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in an ether solvent, which was not observed with the random copolymer of same composition ratio.
Increasing the Chemical‐Shift Dispersion of Unstructured Proteins with a Covalent Lanthanide Shift Reagent
Authors: Göbl Christoph , Resch Moritz , Strickland Madeleine , Hartlmüller Christoph , Viertler Martin , Tjandra Nico , Madl Tobias
Published: October 2016

The study of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) by NMR often suffers from highly overlapped resonances that prevent unambiguous chemical‐shift assignments, and data analysis that relies on well‐separated resonances. We present a covalent paramagnetic lanthanide‐binding tag (LBT) for increasing the chemical‐shift dispersion and facilitating the chemical‐shift assignment of challenging, repeat‐containing IDPs. Linkage of the DOTA‐based LBT to a cysteine residue induces pseudo‐contact shifts (PCS) for resonances more than 20 residues from the spin‐labeling site. This leads to increased chemical‐shift dispersion and decreased signal overlap, thereby greatly facilitating chemical‐shift assignment. This approach is applicable to IDPs of varying sizes and complexity, and is particularly helpful for repeat‐containing IDPs and low‐complexity regions. This results in improved efficiency for IDP analysis and binding studies.
Exploring the Binding Proteins of Glycolipids with Bifunctional Chemical Probes
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Dong Ting , Zhou Yu , Huang Niu , Lei Xiaoguang
Published: October 2016

Glycolipids are important structural components of biological membranes and perform crucial functions in living systems, including signaling transduction and interaction with extracellular environment. However, the mechanistic exploration of glycolipids in vivo is challenging because they are not genetically encoded. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of bifunctional monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) probes as a model by introducing diazirine and terminal alkyne moieties on an aliphatic chain. In combination with proteome profiling and molecular modeling, we have demonstrated that MGDG alleviates inflammation by antagonizing TLR4.
Evaluation of species difference in peripheral lymphocyte reduction effect of CS‐0777, a sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator, based on a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model analysis
Authors: Inaba Shin‐ichi , Goto Maki , Tanaka‐takanaka Kaoru , Tanaka Hisako , Tomisato Wataru , Yuita Hiroshi , Doi‐Komuro Hiromi , Inoue Ryotaku , Oshima Keiko , Kagari Takashi , Shimozato Takaichi , Izumi Takashi
Published: October 2016

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling was conducted for the reduction of peripheral lymphocytes after oral administration of CS‐0777 to healthy rats, monkeys and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced rats. The phosphorylated active metabolite of CS‐0777, M1, is a selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor‐1 modulator. A linear one‐ and two‐compartment model with a reversible metabolism process characterized the time courses of CS‐0777 and M1 concentrations in rats and monkeys, respectively. The relationship between lymphocyte counts and M1 concentrations in blood was well described by an indirect response model in all animals examined. An Imax of 0.815 and an IC50 of 6.58 nM in healthy rats, an Imax of 0.807 and an IC50 of 5.09 nM in the EAE rats, an Imax of 0.789 and an IC50 of 0.484 nM in monkeys were estimated by the indirect PD model. Since the IC50 values calculated in terms of the unbound plasma concentration in rats and monkeys were within a similar range, after correction of the IC50 in blood described above with the blood to plasma concentration ratio and the plasma free fraction of M1, it was revealed that there is no species difference in the essential activity of M1 against lymphocyte reduction. The sensitivity of the lymphocytes to M1 was not affected by the EAE status. Comparison of the simulated lymphocyte reduction in EAE rats after multiple dosing with CS‐0777 and the actual EAE clinical scores implies that the significant suppressive effect on EAE did not require the elimination of all lymphocytes from the blood. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network meta-analysis of protocol-driven care and laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Currie A C , Malietzis G , Jenkins J T , Yamada T , Ashrafian H , Athanasiou T , Okabayashi K , Kennedy R H
Published: October 2016

Background

Laparoscopic approaches and standardized recovery protocols have reduced morbidity following colorectal cancer surgery. As the optimal regimen remains inconclusive, a network meta-analysis was undertaken of treatments for the development of postoperative complications and mortality.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, trial registries and related reviews were searched for randomized trials comparing laparoscopic and open surgery within protocol-driven or conventional perioperative care for colorectal cancer resection, with complications as a defined endpoint. Relative odds ratios (ORs) for postoperative complications and mortality were estimated for aggregated data.

Results

Forty trials reporting on 11 516 randomized patients were included with the network. Open surgery within conventional perioperative care was the index for comparison. The OR relating to complications was 0·77 (95 per cent c.i. 0·65 to 0·91) for laparoscopic surgery within conventional care, 0·69 (0·48 to 0·99) for open surgery within protocol-driven care, and 0·43 (0·28 to 0·67) for laparoscopic surgery within protocol-driven care. Sensitivity analyses excluding trials of low rectal cancer and those with a high risk of bias did not affect the treatment estimates. Meta-analyses demonstrated that mortality risk was unaffected by perioperative strategy.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic surgery combined with protocol-driven care reduces colorectal cancer surgery complications, but not mortality. The reduction in complications with protocol-driven care is greater for open surgery than for laparoscopic approaches. Registration number: CRD42015017850 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO)
Oncological impact of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic mesorectal excision
Authors: Hain E , Maggiori L , Manceau G , Mongin C , Prost à la Denise J , Panis Y
Published: October 2016

Background

The effect of anastomotic leakage on oncological outcomes after total mesorectal excision (TME) is controversial. This study aimed to assess the influence of symptomatic and asymptomatic anastomotic leakage on oncological outcomes after laparoscopic TME.

Methods

All patients who underwent restorative laparoscopic TME for rectal adenocarcinoma with curative intent from 2005 to 2014 were identified from an institutional database. Asymptomatic anastomotic leakage was defined by CT performed systematically 4–8 weeks after rectal surgery, with no relevant clinical symptoms or laboratory examination findings during the postoperative course.

Results

Of a total of 428 patients, anastomotic leakage was observed in 120 (28·0 per cent) (50 asymptomatic, 70 symptomatic). After a mean follow-up of 40 months, local recurrence was observed in 36 patients (8·4 per cent). Multivariable Cox regression identified three independent risk factors for reduced local recurrence-free survival (LRFS): symptomatic anastomotic leakage (odds ratio (OR) 2·13, 95 per cent c.i. 1·29 to 3·50; P = 0·003), positive resection margin (R1) (OR 2·41, 1·40 to 4·16; P = 0·001) and pT3–4 category (OR 1·77, 1·08 to 2·90; P = 0·022). Patients with no risk factor for reduced LRFS had an estimated 5-year LRFS rate of 87·7(s.d. 3·2) per cent, whereas the rate dropped to 75·3(4·3) per cent with one risk factor, 67(7) per cent with two risk factors, and 14(13) per cent with three risk factors (P < 0·001). Asymptomatic anastomotic leakage was not significantly associated with LRFS in multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

Symptomatic anastomotic leakage is a risk factor for disease recurrence in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma.
Cultural Identity and the Expression of Depression: A Social Identity Perspective
Authors: Chang Melissa Xue‐Ling , Jetten Jolanda , Cruwys Tegan , Haslam Catherine
Published: October 2016

The present research interrogates the greater tendency for Chinese people to somaticize depression relative to Westerners. Drawing from a social identity perspective, three studies were conducted examining the role that cultural norms play in symptom expression. In an initial study, we confirmed greater somatization, minimization of distress and suppression of emotional expression among Chinese participants compared with Australians (Study 1). Asian normative expectations of collectivism moderated these effects such that somatization was higher among those who endorsed collectivism norms, but only among Chinese participants. Studies 2a and 2b found that only when Asian participants identified strongly with Asian culture did collectivism norms predict somatic symptoms. These findings have implications for practitioners working with people from Asian cultures, highlighting that it is not culture per se, but the endorsement of normative expectations in the context of strong identification with cultural groups that predicts which symptoms of depression are emphasized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting EphA2‐Sam and Its Interactome: Design and Evaluation of Helical Peptides Enriched in Charged Residues
Authors: Mercurio Flavia A. , Marasco Daniela , Di Natale Concetta , Pirone Luciano , Costantini Susan , Pedone Emilia M. , Leone Marilisa
Published: October 2016

The EphA2 receptor controls diverse physiological and pathological conditions and its levels are often upregulated in cancer. Targeting receptor overexpression, through modulation of endocytosis and consequent degradation, appears to be an appealing strategy for attacking tumor malignancy. In this scenario, the Sam domain of EphA2 plays a pivotal role because it is the site where protein regulators of endocytosis and stability are recruited by means of heterotypic Sam–Sam interactions. Because EphA2‐Sam heterotypic complexes are largely based on electrostatic contacts, we have investigated the possibility of attacking these interactions with helical peptides enriched in charged residues. Several peptide sequences with high predicted helical propensities were designed, and detailed conformational analyses were conducted by diverse techniques including NMR, CD, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Interaction studies were also performed by NMR, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and microscale thermophoresis (MST) and led to the identification of two peptides capable of binding to the first Sam domain of Odin. These molecules represent early candidates for the generation of efficient Sam domain binders and antagonists of Sam–Sam interactions involving EphA2.
Procedural Rate Enhancement of Lean Aqueous Hydroformylation of 1‐Octene without Additives
Authors: Warmeling Helge , Koske Rico , Vorholt Andreas J.
Published: October 2016

The procedural rate enhancement of a liquid‐liquid gas reaction system by example of the biphasic hydroformylation of 1‐octene in miniplant scale is presented. Different stirring techniques were applied on a lean reaction system without the use of chemical additives to increase the internal surface area. Reaction rates were doubled compared to standard laboratory stirring methods. While the reaction rate showed a logarithmic relation towards the rate of energy dissipation, it was nearly linearly related to the created interfacial area between organic and aqueous phase. Obtained results support the intensively discussed theory that the reaction takes place at the surface. This study also underlines the importance of procedural optimization in multiphase reactions.
Electroinduced Intercalation of Tetraalkylammonium Ions at the Interface of Graphene Grown on Copper, Platinum, and Iridium
Authors: Salmi Zakaria , Koefoed Line , Jensen Bjarke B. E. , Čabo Antonija Grubišić , Hofmann Philip , Pedersen Steen U. , Daasbjerg Kim
Published: October 2016

Electrochemically driven intercalation of tetraalkylammonium ions can facilitate the delamination of graphene films fabricated by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) from their supporting metal catalyst and, hereby, ease the transfer of the graphene to other substrates. The electroinduced intercalation is performed by applying a negative potential to the metal/graphene cathode, while immersed into an electrolyte solution of the tetraalkylammonium ions in acetonitrile. As part of the double layer the cations intercalate the interface between the metal and the graphene, which increases the interfacial distance as well as weakens the interaction with and the screening effect of the metal. The individual stages of the intercalation and delamination were studied for CVD grown graphene on Cu, Pt, and Ir. Experimentally, the intercalation is seen to give a significant increase in the intensity of the recorded Raman spectra and most of the compressive strain in graphene is released. The electroinduced intercalation does not increase the defect or doping levels of graphene. Also, it is shown that easy transfer of the intercalated graphene to Si/SiO2 can be accomplished.
Interface between an Au(111) Surface and an Ionic Liquid: The Influence of Water on the Double‐Layer Capacitance
Authors: Friedl Jochen , Markovits Iulius I. E. , Herpich Max , Feng Guang , Kornyshev Alexei A. , Stimming Ulrich
Published: October 2016

The presence of water in room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can have a strong effect on their properties. In particular, water adsorption at electrodes can reduce the electrochemical potential window of the system. It is, thus, important to understand where water will be present depending on the electrode potential, the type of ionic liquid, and the electrode material. We investigate the influence of water on RTILs by measuring the potential‐dependent double‐layer capacitance of various water–RTIL mixtures. The resulting capacitance versus potential curves are reproduced employing mean‐field theory calculations. From the parameters used to obtain the best agreement between experimental and theoretical curves, some properties of the RTILs can be deducted, such as a stronger interaction of water with RTIL anions than cations and an agglomeration of water at potentials positive or negative of the potential of zero charge.
ChemInform Abstract: NOUF6 Revisited: A Comprehensive Study of a Hexafluoridouranate(V) Salt.
Authors: Scheibe Benjamin , Lippert Sina , Rudel Stefan S. , Buchner Magnus R. , Burghaus Olaf , Pietzonka Clemens , Koch Martin , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: October 2016

In view of the separation of U isotopes in nuclear fuel element reprocessing, single crystals of NOUF6 are obtained by direct reaction of NO with UF6 in anhydrous HF (FEP reaction tube, ‐78 °C) after pumping off excess HF and UF6.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Cyclization of Anilides with 2‐Iodoacetates and 2‐Iodobenzoates: An Efficient Method Toward Oxindoles and Phenanthridones.
Authors: Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: October 2016

In the case of meta‐substituted anilides, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed N—O Bond Cleavage of Anthranil: A C—H Amination Reagent for Simultaneous Incorporation of Amine and a Functional Group.
Authors: Zou Miancheng , Liu Jianzhong , Tang Conghui , Jiao Ning
Published: October 2016

Anthranils are employed as a new type of C—H amination reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Aryl Aldehydes to Give Symmetrical Carboxylic Anhydrides Promoted by the TBHP/nBu4PBr System.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Pashazadeh Rahim , Rajai‐Daryasarei Saideh , Mirzaei Peiman , Jamal Addin Gohari Seyed
Published: October 2016

Whereas aromatic aldehydes bearing electron‐donating substituents afford the corresponding anhydrides in good yields, derivatives with electron‐withdrawing substituents, e.g. (Ig,h), fail to give the transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated [3 + 2] Oxidative Cyclization Reaction of N‐Tosylhydrazones and β‐Ketoesters: Synthesis of 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Furans.
Authors: Huang Yubing , Li Xianwei , Yu Yue , Zhu Chuanle , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2016

For the first time, N‐tosylhydrazones are utilized as two‐carbon building block in a copper‐mediated [3 + 2] oxidative cyclization reaction affording trisubstituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methylniphatyne A, a New 3‐Alkylpyridine Alkaloid as an Inhibitor of the Cancer Cells Adapted to Nutrient Starvation, from an Indonesian Marine Sponge of Xestospongia sp.
Authors: Arai Masayoshi , Kamiya Kentaro , Shin Dayoung , Matsumoto Hirokazu , Hisa Tomoya , Setiawan Andi , Kotoku Naoyuki , Kobayashi Motomasa
Published: October 2016

The cytotoxicity of (I) is examined.
Einflüsse unterschiedlicher verfahrenstechnischer Parameter auf die Ultrafiltration des Bieres
Authors: Bilge Deniz , Pahl Roland
Published: October 2016

Der Schaum des Bieres ist ein wichtiges Qualitätsmerkmal, das durch brautechnologische Maßnahmen nur in einem gewissen Maß positiv beeinflusst werden kann. Die Anreicherung schaumpositiver Proteine durch Ultrafiltration könnte hier eine verfahrenstechnische Lösung bieten. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Einflüsse ausgewählter Prozessparameter, wie Druck, Temperatur und Porenweite, auf den Permeatfluss von Bier und die chemisch‐physikalischen Eigenschaften der Retentate. Für die erhöhten Trübungen und die geringe Trübungsstabilität der Retentate wurden technologische Lösungen gefunden.
T‐cadherin in prostate cancer: relationship with cancer progression, differentiation and drug resistance
Authors: Dasen Boris , Vlajnic Tatjana , Mengus Chantal , Ruiz Christian , Bubendorf Lukas , Spagnoli Giulio , Wyler Stephen , Erne Paul , Resink Thérèse J , Philippova Maria
Published: October 2016

Prostate cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer‐related death in men. T‐cadherin (CDH13) is an atypical GPI‐anchored member of the cadherin family of adhesion molecules. Its gene was reported to be downregulated in a small series of prostate tumours. T‐cadherin protein expression/localisation in prostate tissue has never been investigated. The purpose of our study was to analyse CDH13 gene and protein levels in large sets of healthy and cancer prostate tissue specimens and evaluate CDH13 effects on the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to chemotherapy. Analysis of CDH13 gene expression in the TCGA RNAseq dataset for prostate adenocarcinoma (N = 550) and in tissue samples (N = 101) by qPCR revealed weak positive correlation with the Gleason score in cancer and no difference between benign and malignant specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections (N = 12) and microarrays (N = 128 specimens) demonstrated the presence of CDH13 on the apical surface and at intercellular contacts of cytokeratin 8‐positive luminal cells and cells double‐positive for cytokeratin 8 and basal marker p63. T‐cadherin protein expression was markedly upregulated in cancer as compared to benign prostate hyperplasia, the increase being more prominent in organ‐confined than in advanced hormone‐resistant tumours, and correlated negatively with the Gleason pattern. T‐cadherin protein level correlated strongly with cytokeratin 8 and with an abnormal diffuse/membrane localisation pattern of p63. Ectopic expression of CDH13 in metastatic prostate cancer cell line DU145 reduced cell growth in the presence of doxorubicin. We conclude that CDH13 protein, but not its gene expression, is strongly upregulated in early prostate cancer, correlates with changes in luminal/basal differentiation and p63 localisation, and promotes sensitivity of cancer cells to doxorubicin. These data identify CDH13 as a novel molecule relevant for prostate cancer progression and response to therapy.
Screening and In Situ Monitoring of Potential Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degraders in Contaminated Surface Water
Authors: Icgen Bulent , Yilmaz Fadime
Published: October 2016

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and other anthropogenic activities result in contamination of surface water by petroleum hydrocarbons. These pollutants can have severe effects on aquatic life and human health. In petroleum bioremediation, oil degrading microorganisms are utilized to remove petroleum hydrocarbons from polluted water. However, monitoring and identifying microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons is very challenging. In the current study, bacteria isolated from a river alongside a petroleum refinery were assessed for their petroleum hydrocarbon degradation abilities. Primary selection was performed through traditional enrichment culture method, emulsifying ability measurement, and gravimetric analysis of hydrocarbon degradation. Screening of two novel hydrocarbon catabolism genes encoding key enzymes in hydrocarbon degradation, alkB and C23O, was performed by using polymerase chain reaction. The bacterial isolates, degrading hydrocarbons with high emulsification abilities and harboring the catabolic genes, were identified as species of Acinetobacter by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Monitoring the temporal distribution of Acinetobacter in river water was also done by fluorescence in situ hybridization using DNA probe ACA652. The results revealed that species of Acinetobacter successfully populate the polluted surface water and have high potential for petroleum bioremediation.
Repeated adjuvant anti‐CEA radioimmunotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases: Safety, feasibility, and long‐term efficacy results of a prospective phase 2 study
Authors: Sahlmann Carsten‐O. , Homayounfar Kia , Niessner Martin , Dyczkowski Jerzy , Conradi Lena‐Christin , Braulke Friederike , Meller Birgit , Beißbarth Tim , Ghadimi B. Michael , Meller Johannes , Goldenberg David M. , Liersch Torsten
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

In previous work, a single administration of anticarcinoembryonic antigen (anti‐CEA) 131I‐labetuzumab radioimmunotherapy (RIT) after complete resection of colorectal liver metastases was well tolerated and significantly improved survival compared with controls. In the current phase 2 trial, the authors studied repeated RIT in the same setting, examining safety, feasibility, and efficacy.

METHODS

Sixty‐three patients (median age, 64.5 years) received RIT at 40 to 50 millicuries/m2 per dose. Before the receipt of RIT, restaging was performed with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission to confirm that patients were “truly adjuvant.” Patients who had elevated serum CEA levels or radiographically inconclusive new lesions were classified as “possibly nonadjuvant,” but they also received RIT. Time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and cause‐specific survival (CSS) were calculated. The median follow‐up was 54 months.

RESULTS

After the first course of RIT, 14 of 63 patients experienced National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 4 hematotoxicity; 19 patients did not receive the second course of RIT because of impaired performance status (N = 5) or relapse (N = 14). After the second course of RIT, 9 of 44 patients experienced National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 4 hematotoxicity. Five patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) from 22 to 55 months after their last RIT. The median TTP, OS, and CSS for all patients were 16, 55, and 60 months, respectively. The “truly adjuvant” patients (N = 39) had an improved median TTP (not reached vs 6.1 months; hazard ratio, 0.12; P < .001), OS (75.6 vs 33.4 months; hazard ratio, 0.44; P = .014), and CSS (not reached vs 41.4 months; hazard ratio,0.42; P = .014) compared with “possibly nonadjuvant” patients (N = 24).

CONCLUSIONS

Repeated RIT with 131I‐labetuzumab is feasible but is associated with hematotoxicity. Survival is very encouraging, especially for “truly adjuvant” patients. However, the maximum safe dose of 131I‐labetuzumab is a single administration of 50 millicuries/m2. Cancer 2017;123:638–649. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Production of RbCs Molecules in the Rovibronic Ground State via Short‐Range Photoassociation to the 2 1Π1, 2 3Π1, and 3 3Σ States
Authors: Shimasaki Toshihiko , Kim Jin‐Tae , DeMille David
Published: October 2016

We report the production of ultracold 85Rb133Cs molecules in their rovibronic ground state X 1Σ+ (v=0; J=0), by short‐range photoassociation (PA) to the 2 1Π1, 2 3Π1, and 3 3Σ
states. In the PA frequency range from 11650 to 12150 cm−1 (corresponding to energy levels 15500–16000 cm−1 above the bottom of the X potential), we have observed 40 sets of new PA lines. For selected PA states, we investigate vibrational branching, rotational branching, and saturation behavior. Among these 40 new PA lines, the 3 3Σ
(v=3) state has the highest molecule production rate of 2 x 103 molecules s−1 into the rovibronic ground state.
An automated method for coding sleep states in human infants based on respiratory rate variability
Authors: Isler Joseph R. , Thai Tracy , Myers Michael M. , Fifer William P.
Published: October 2016

A novel quantitative method for coding epochs of active and quiet sleep in infants using respiration is reported. The approach uses the variance of the instantaneous breathing rate within brief epochs of sleep. Variances are normalized within subject by dividing by the 75th percentile variance across epochs. Then, a normalized variance active sleep threshold of 0.29 was determined to produce the highest concordance with a method based on visual inspection of respiratory variability (100% and 90% for quiet and active sleep, respectively). The method was independently validated by comparing to standard polysomnographic state coding (87% and 80% concordance for quiet and active sleep) as well as with behavioral state coding (92% and 78% for quiet and active sleep). Validity was also demonstrated by showing that sleep states identified by the method resulted in the expected state differences in infant heart rate variability and electrocortical activity.
Interactive effects of waterlogging and atmospheric CO2 concentration on gas exchange, growth and functional traits of Australian riparian tree seedlings
Authors: Lawson James R. , Fryirs Kirstie A. , Leishman Michelle R.
Published: October 2016

The ability to survive and thrive in repeatedly waterlogged soils is characteristic of plants adapted to riparian habitats. Rising atmospheric CO2 has the potential to fundamentally alter plant responses to waterlogging by altering gas exchange rates and stoichiometry, modifying growth, and shifting resource‐economic trade‐offs to favor different ecological strategies. While plant responses to waterlogging and elevated CO2 individually are relatively well characterized, few studies have asked how the effects of waterlogging might be mediated by atmospheric CO2 concentration.

We investigated interactive effects of elevated (550 ppm) atmospheric CO2 and waterlogging on gas exchange, biomass accumulation and allocation, and functional traits for juveniles of three woody riparian tree species. In particular, we were interested in whether elevated CO2 mitigated growth reduction under waterlogging, and whether this response was sustained following a refractory “recovery” period during which soils were re‐aerated.

We found species‐specific effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration and waterlogging status on growth, gas exchange, and functional traits between species, and no evidence for a general effect of elevated CO2 in mediating plant responses to flooding. For one specie, Casuarina cunninghamiana, elevated CO2 substantially increased growth, but this effect was entirely removed by waterlogging, and there was no recovery following a refractory period.

Differential responses to combined waterlogging and elevated CO2 among species may result in compositional changes to riparian plant communities and associated changes in ecosystem functioning.
Winding Method to Reduce Vibration and Loss Caused by Fractional Slot of Synchronous Machine
Authors: HIRAMATSU DAISUKE , TSUJIKAWA KAZUMA , UEDA TAKASHI , FUJITA MASAFUMI , ISHIZUKA HIROAKI , OKUBO MASASHI , HACHIYA HIDEYUKI , MORI JUNJI , NOZAKI DAI , IWASHITA DAISUKE , TOKUMASU TADASHI
Published: October 2016

Fractional‐slot windings are widely used in rotating machines in order to improve the output voltage waveform, increase the design flexibility, and gain many other advantages. However, fractional‐slot windings are known to produce different harmonic components such as an even order and/or fractional number of space flux harmonics compared to integral‐slot windings. These harmonics may increase stray losses and cause stator core vibration. This paper describes an analysis of space flux harmonics and proposes new winding methods such as “novel interspersed windings” to reduce these harmonic components. The proposed winding methods were verified by numerical analysis and model tests.