bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The identity of Senegalia saltilloensis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Villarreal Quintanilla José Ángel , Encina-Domínguez Juan A. , Estrada-Castillón A. Eduardo
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: The mimosoid genera Senegalia and Acacia are closely related. Acacia sensu lato is a polyphyletic group that can be split in the following genera: Vachellia, Senegalia, Acaciella and Mariosousa, remaining as Acacia (sensu stricto) only the “Australian species” and some others from the Pacific Islands. The American species of Senegalia and the new genus Mariosousa include the elements of Acacia subgenus Aculeiferum. We agree with this criterion. Senegalia saltilloensis was described by Britton & Rose in 1928, followed by synonymization with S. roemeriana, and was later re-evaluated as a valid species, creating a new nomenclatural combination in the genus Acacia. The aim of this study was to know the identity of the poorly known plants named as Senegalia saltilloensis.Methods: A morphometric analysis was carried out. A total of 70 specimens were examined and 21 characters were evaluated to find the similarity between Senegalia saltilloensis and Senegalia roemeriana.Key results: The results show no significant morphological difference between the two entities.Conclusions: The name Senegalia saltilloensis should be maintained as synonym of the well- known name of Senegalia roemeriana.
Infección por Ehrlichia canis y Anaplasma sp. en caninos atendidos en clínicas veterinarias en Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Badillo-Viloria María , Díaz-Perez Anderson , Orozco-Sánchez Christian , De Lavalle-Galvis Rodrigo
Published: October 2017

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la infección por Ehrlichia canis y Anaplasma sp. y su correlación con aspectos epidemiológicos y de laboratorio, en caninos atendidos en clínicas veterinarias de Barranquilla, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron en los meses de enero a agosto de 2015. Se analizaron 184 caninos compatibles clínicamente con infección por Ehrlichia canis y Anaplasma sp., se utilizaron los criterios de positividad de un kit comercial de inmunocromatografía y el extendido de sangre periférica, además se recolectaron datos epidemiológicos y de laboratorio. Resultados. 63 caninos (34%) fue la prevalencia global de Ehrlichia canis y Anaplasma sp., 52/184 (28%) caninos con E. canis y 11/184 (6%) con Anaplasma sp. El hemograma de los pacientes caninos positivos con E. canis y Anaplasma sp., presentaron disminución del hematocrito, leucopenia y trombocitopenia. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos encontrados a partir de este estudio muestran una alta prevalencia y endemicidad de E. canis y Anaplasma sp. en Barranquilla en contraste con otras regiones de Colombia. Los datos del hemograma demostraron ser relevantes en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de estas enfermedades.
Análisis de indicadores epidemiológicos: Brucelosis bovina en la Costa Atlántica y Antioquia - Colombia, 2005-2013
Authors: Oviedo-Pastrana Misael , Brunal-Tachack Elisa , Doria-Ramos Matiluz , Oviedo-Socarras Teresa
Published: October 2017

Objetivo. Describir la situación de la brucelosis bovina en la Costa Atlántica y Antioquia (CAA) mediante análisis de indicadores epidemiológicos durante el periodo 2005 – 2013. Materiales y métodos. Los datos fueron obtenidos de boletines epidemiológicos del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario y del Censo Nacional Agropecuario 2014. Se comparó la media departamental anual de las variables estudiadas y se realizó un análisis temporal por representación gráfica. Resultados. 44% de los predios positivos se concentraron en la CAA; la tasa de positividad de predios en la CAA (27.9%) fue mayor y altamente significativa en relación a la tasa media del país (24.8%) siendo promovida por los departamentos menos productores. En relación a la población bovina, la CAA concentró 47,0% de los bovinos positivos en el país; no obstante, la tasa de positividad bovina (5.8%) fue estadísticamente igual a la media del país (5.3%), los departamentos con menor población bovina presentaron las mayores tasas. La mejor vigilancia para brucelosis bovina se observó entre 2005 y 2009, contrariamente, durante 2010, 2011 y 2013 hubo reducción considerable en el número de diagnósticos, tanto en predios como en bovinos. En los departamentos menos productores la distribución temporal de los indicadores epidemiológicos favoreció más la presencia de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. El Programa Nacional de Prevención, Control y Erradicación de la Brucelosis Bovina en la CAA presentó resultados promisorios, sin embargo, la falta de continuidad en la vigilancia diagnóstica en algunos años y principalmente en los departamentos menos productores afectó negativamente su avance.
Farmacocinética y efectos adversos de la doxiciclina en el tratamiento de la Ehrlichiosis: fundamentos teóricos para ensayos clínicos en caninos
Authors: Monsalve B Santiago , Gallego L Vanessa , Molina Victor Manuel , Rodas G Juan
Published: October 2017

Ehrlichia canis es la bacteria causante de la Ehrlichiosis monocítica canina (EMC), una enfermedad de importancia global en la medicina veterinaria y humana. Varios estudios han abordado la eficacia terapéutica de hidrocloruro de tetraciclina e hiclato de doxiciclina (HD) para el tratamiento de la EMC, sin embargo los resultados obtenidos siguen siendo controvertidos. La doxiciclina es el tratamiento de elección para la EMC, enfermedad bien caracterizada que puede servir como modelo para las investigaciones en el estudio de las enfermedades del orden de los Rickettsiales y las zoonosis transmitidas por garrapatas. Aunque desde décadas atrás se conoce su farmacocinética y la eficacia en el tratamiento de la EMC en fase aguda y subclínica, algunos resultados también indican que Ehrlichia canis puede persistir en perros clínicamente normales, incluso después de un amplio régimen de tratamiento. El propósito de esta revisión es hacer un acercamiento referente a la farmacocinética y los efectos adversos de la doxiciclina en el tratamiento de la EMC.
Food Quality and Nutritional Profile of Students from a Public School in Brazil
Authors: L. Teixeira Loriana , MB Teixeira Estelamar , Gomes Helen Mara , Arantes-Pereira Lucas
Published: October 2017

Feeding is directly related to nutritional status and alterations as obesity and malnutrition, affecting human body and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents in a public school located in Uberaba MG Brazil by comparing macro and micronutrients on the school menu with PNAE (Brazilian government program) recommendations. A descriptive cross-sectional study including 547 individuals was carried out. Nutritional assessment was done based on anthropometric Z-score analysis. Only the food ingestion made at the school was considered, in order to verify if the meals offered by the school meet the percentage of nutrients recommended by PNAE. With regard to the nutritional status, there was a small proportion of students (0.18%) with low weight (-3 ? Z < -2). There was 15% prevalence of overweight (overweight, obesity, and severe obesity) among students. Menus composition revealed that macronutrients, fiber, and energy intake was lower than that recommended by PNAE for all age groups studied. The prevalence of a considerable number of overweight students is a warning for interventions to prevent obesity. A small percentage of students classified as low weight represents a nutritional transition trend in recent years.
Handling missing data in propensity score estimation in comparative effectiveness evaluations: a systematic review
Authors: Malla Lucas , Perera-Salazar Rafael , McFadden Emily , Ogero Morris , Stepniewska Kasia , English Mike
Published: October 2017

Aim:Even though systematic reviews have examined how aspects of propensity score methods are used, none has reviewed how the challenge of missing data is addressed with these methods. This review therefore describes how missing data are addressed with propensity score methods in observational comparative effectiveness studies.Methods:Published articles on observational comparative effectiveness studies were extracted from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases.Results:Our search yielded 167 eligible articles. Majority of these studies (114; 68%) conducted complete case analysis with only 53 of them stating this in the methods. Only 16 articles reported use of multiple imputation.Conclusion:Few researchers use correct methods for handling missing data or reported missing data methodology which may lead to reporting biased findings.
Neurometabolic indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kim Susan , Han Steve C , Gallan Alexander J , Hayes Jasmeet P
Published: October 2017

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant national health concern and there is growing evidence that repetitive mTBI (rmTBI) can cause long-term change in brain structure and function. The mitochondrion has been suggested to be involved in the mechanism of TBI. There are noninvasive methods of determining mitochondrial dysfunction through biomarkers and spectroscopy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of neurological consequences secondary to rmTBI through activation of caspases and calpains. The purpose of this review is to examine the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in rmTBI and its downstream effects on neuronal cell death, axonal injury and blood–brain barrier compromise.
PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO, PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN DANA ALOKASI UMUM TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Hartati Hariani Dwi
Published: October 2017

This project was designed to: 1) explore the effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Own-source Revenue (PAD), and government transfer payments to local capital expenditures, both partially and simultaneously; 2) find out the dominant variable which affected the local capital expenditure in Balikpapan. The data, which was obtained through literature review study, were in the type of secondary and time series records derived during the period of 2002-2011. Further, these files were analyzed by implementing multiple linear regressions with three predictors technique, where the assumption tests was applied earlier presently before the main analysis. Eventually, the results showed that: 1) GDP, Local Revenue and government transfer payments gave significant impact on local capital expenditures of Balikpapan simultaneously. a) GDP has considerable effect on local capital expenditures partially; b) local revenue has not extensively influence the local capital expenditure to some extent; c) the government transfer payments has not much influence on the local capital expenditure in some measure. 2) GDP was the most dominant variable affecting the local capital expenditures.
PENDEKATAN STRUKTURAL, EKONOMI DAN SPASIAL (ALMIRAL) SEBAGAI MODEL ALTERNATIF PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN
Authors: Waluyo Dwi Eko
Published: October 2017

The research was conducted to develop an integrated model of poverty reduction based on spatial aspects, economic areas, structural, and administrative of East Java province. The research applied some analysis tools which include: Analysis of dominant sectors, supporting capacity analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that Bangkalan, Lamongan, Bojonegoro, and Batu had the highest number of very poor population due to some factors such as the low income of population, low levels of education, and poverty that were passed down by the family. Poverty reduction efforts through institutional capacity optimization has greatly intensified and running well ,yet the constraints arise from other instruments such as the adequacy of programs, activities, and funding that has not been managed properly.
PENGARUH PRODUCT PLACEMENT VOLVO DI DALAM FILM TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN PART 1 & PART 2 TERHADAP BRAND RECALL
Authors: Prasetya Ghygha Yunus Widya
Published: October 2017

Movie scenes have become attractive means for many industries to present their products without enforced impression. Through careful designed product placement strategy, Twilight movie became the perfect promotional media for Volvo in promoting their products. Volvo is one of the premium automotive brands under the auspices of Indomobil. This well-known brand always put and positions their product merely for the target premium. Product placement is an example of a hybrid message or an attempt to influence audience at an affordable cost. Some benefits in advertising through product placement are a lot of audiences see the products so that the brand awareness and the products’ credibility would significantly increase. In conclusion, consumer’s behavior in recognizing and remembering a product might be affected by their vision, hearing, and admiration.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN SERTA KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT PADA KEPOLISIAN SEKTOR (POLSEK) BENGALON
Authors: Hidayati Tetra
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the study is to determine the direct and indirect impact of real evidence, test power, responsiveness, competence, courtesy, credibility and easiness of accessing toward the satisfaction and trust of Police Sector (Polsek) Bengalon. To answer the problem, the study uses path analysis. The results of this study found that responsiveness, competency, courtesy and credibility were directly giving a significant impact to public satisfaction; whereas real evidence, test power and easiness of accessing were directly not giving significant impact to public trust. The variable of responsiveness and credibility were directly giving significant effect toward public trust; meanwhile, the real evidence, test power, competence, courtesy, and easiness of accessing were directly giving significant impact toward public trust. The public was directly giving no significant impact on trust of satisfaction.  The real evidence was indirectly giving negative impact on the trust through satisfaction; meanwhile, test power, responsiveness, competence, courtesy, credibility and easiness of accessing were indirectly giving positive impact on public trust through satisfaction
ANALISIS PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA BANK MANDIRI SYARIAH KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: October 2017

This study aims to analyze about Murabahah financing at Mandiri syariah Bank in Samarinda city. Independent variables used in this study are inflation, the net operational margin, total assets and variables that reflect the type of Islamic bank financing policy. The dependent variable used in this study is the ratio of Islamic banks or financing problems in terms of so-called Non-Performing Financing (NPF). One of the results in this study was about Murabahah receivable for profit Loss sharing financing gave the most dominant effect toward Non Performing Finance Gross at Islamic Bank.
MANAJEMEN RISIKO PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Indrianawati Indrianawati , Lailah Nisful , Karina Dewi
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this research is to determine risk management of mudharabah financing in Islamic banking limited to the causes of the low number of mudharabah financing, the common problems and solutions. The method of the research is using a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. The informants are obtained from 3 Islamic Banks (BUS), namely BMI, BSM and BNI Syariah. The data collection is conducted by combining the questions and the obtained data with the result of interview with the Account Officer from the 3 Islamic Banks; BMI, BSM, and BNI Syariah. The result of the research showed that the low number of mudharabah financing is caused by the massive risk, particularly the risk of losses on the bank income. Meanwhile, the problems that commonly occur are non-performing financing because of the side streaming and manipulated data. The solution is restructuring to the bank’s customer who has a good faith. In contrast, bank’s customers that have no good willing to fulfill their obligation will be put into the insurance execution.
PENGARUH WORK OVERLOAD DAN WORK FAMILY CONFLICT TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH WORK EXHAUSTION
Authors: Nisa Nurul Hidayatin , Malik Nazaruddin
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this research was to examine factors that determine turnover intention in medical representative at PT. APL. To be known before that medical representatives have high percentage in turnover. The research using work exhaustion as mediation to determine the relationship between works overload and work family conflict of turnover intention. Research method is quantitative approach in causal research. The analysis tools are AMOS and T-Sobel. Findings of this research are both work overload and work family conflict berpengaruh with work exhaustion and turnover intention, work exhaustion mediated work overload and work family conflict over turnover intention.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI (STUDI PADA PEGAWAI DIVISI SARANA PT. KERETA API INDONESIA (PERSERO) DAOP 8 SURABAYA
Authors: Affandy Rizal Eka
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to examine the effect of job characteristics on the performance, test the effect of motivation as a moderating variable job characteristics on the performance and test the effect of the work environment as moderating variable job characteristics on employee performance of PT Sarana Division. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Daop 8 Surabaya. The sample used in this study is a random sample of 207 people. The results of the analysis Partial Least Square (PLS) this study shows that the job characteristics significant positive effect on employee performance, motivation positive effect was not significant to moderate the influence of job characteristics on the performance of employees, work environment positive effect was not significant to moderate the influence of job characteristics on the performance employee Divisi Sarana PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Daop 8 Surabaya.  Keywords: job characteristics, motivation, work environment, employee performance.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK PEPAYA TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL, LDL DAN HDL DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Endrinaldi Endrinaldi , Asterina Asterina
Published: October 2017

AbstrakPepaya mengandung pektin yang merupakan serat larut air. Pektin berkemampuan mengikat asam empedu dan dieliminasi keluar tubuh melalui feses. Penurunan jumlah asam empedu di lumen usus menyebabkan hepar menggunakan kolesterol dalam darah untuk membentuk asam empedu. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah kolesterol.Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak pepaya mengkal terhadap kadar kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL tikus putih. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental menggunakan 20 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian ekstrak pepaya dengan dosis 0,5 ml, 1 ml dan 1,5 ml per 200g/BB melalui oral selama 15 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan rerata kadar kolesterol total, LDL, dan peningkatan kadar HDL serum tikus setelah pemberian ekstrak pepaya selama 15 hari secara bermakna (p<0,05). Tetapi tidak terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara kelompok yang diberi ekstrak pepaya dengan dosis 0,5 ml, 1 ml, dan 1,5 ml.Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari studi ini ialah bahwa ekstrak pepaya dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, LDL, dan peningkatan kadar HDL pada serum tikus putih jantanKata kunci : pektin, kolesterol, asam empedu, serat, tikus.AbstractPapaya contain pectin which is a water-soluble fiber. Pectin has the ablity to bind bile acids and eliminated out of the body through the feces. Decrease in the amount of bile acids in intestinal lumen causing liver uses cholesterol to synthesize bile acids blood.The purpose of this study was to see the effect of papaya extract on total cholesterol, HDL and LDL of male rats. This is an experimental research design using 20 white male rats were divided into four groups : control group and group treated with papaya extract a dose of 0,5 ml, 1 ml per 200 gr/body weight orally for 15 days.Results showed a decrease in everage total cholesterol, LDL and increased serum levels of rats after administration of papaya extract after 15 days wereARTIKEL PENELITIAN30significantly (p<0,05). But no significantly difference occused (p>0,05) between groups were fed papaya extractat a dose of 0,5 ml, 1 ml and 1,5 ml.Conclusions from the study are that papaya extract can lower total cholesterol, LDL and levels increased in the serum of male ratsKey word : pectin, cholesterol, bile acid, fiber, rats.
PENYAKIT PERLEMAKAN HATI NON ALKOHOLIK PADA ANAK
Authors: Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Delfican Delfican , Sayoeti Yorva
Published: October 2017

AbstrakPenyakit perlemakan hati nonalkoholik (NAFLD) ditandai dengan penumpukan lemak di hati pada penderita yang tidak mengkonsumsi alkohol sebelumnya, meliputi steatosis sederhana dan steatohepatitis nonalkoholik (NASH). NAFLD/NASH merupakan manifestasi hepatik dari sindrom metabolik. Prevalensi NAFLD pada anak mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan meningkatnya prevalensi obesitas pada anak. Kelainan ini berhubungan dengan umur, jenis kelamin dan ras. Patogenesisnya diterangkan melalui hipotesis “dua pukulan”. Selain manifestasi klinis, laboratorium dan pencitraan, biopsi hati merupakan baku emas dalam menegakkan diagnosis. Melalui biopsi hati dapat dinilai derajat nekroinflamatori yang terjadi serta fibrosis pada NASH. Terdapat 2 jenis steatohepatitis dengan tipe 2 ditemukan pada 51% penderita NAFLD anak. Walaupun telah dilakukan uji klinis terhadap beberapa obat, namun modifikasi gaya hidup, pola makan dan kebiasaan berolahraga merupakan tatalaksana yang banyak diterapkan saat ini.Kata kunci : penyakit perlemakan hati nonalkoholik, steatohepatits nonalkoholik, obesitasAbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease in which excessive fat accumulates in the liver without a history of alcohol abuse. This disease includes simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD/NASH is recognized as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In recent years, pediatric NAFLD has increased in line with the increased prevalence of pediatric obesity. It is associated with sex, age and ethnicity. The “two-hit” hypothesis is widely accepted as the pathogenesis. Although clinical symptoms, laboratory data and imaging findings are important, liver biopsy is regarded as the gold standard of the diagnosis. It is essential for assessing the degree of necro-inflammatory change and fibrosis in NASH. Two different types of steatohepatitis have been reported, with type 2 NASH being present in as many as 51% of pediatric NAFLD patients. Although pharmacotherapy has been studied in clinical trials, lifestyle modification by diet and exercise remains the mainstay of treatment for NAFLD/NASH.Key word : nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity
PERAN REKAM MEDIK GIGI SEBAGAI SARANA IDENTIFIKASI
Authors: Murniwati Murniwati
Published: October 2017

AbstrakIndonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang rawan terjadi bencana. Metode identifikasi korban akibat bencana salah satunya melalui pencocokan dental record. Dental record yang dapat digunakan dalam proses identifikasi adalah yang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Rekam Medik Kedokteran Gigi yaitu harus memuat data identitas pasien, keadaan umum pasien, odontogram, data perawatan kedokteran gigi serta nama dan tanda tangan dokter gigi dan harus diisi secara lengkap.Kata Kunci : Dental Record, Standar Nasional Rekam Medik Kedokteran Gigi, Identifikasi Korban, OdontogramAbstract Indonesia is one of the disaster-prone countries. One method of identification of victims of the disaster is through matching dental records. Dental records that can be used in the identification process must comply with National Standard of Dentistry, Dental Record must contain data that identity of the patient, patient's general condition, odontogram, dental care data and the name and signature of the dentist and dental records are more important filled completely.Key word : Dental Record, National Standard Medical Record Dentistry, Victim Identification, Odontogram
The Business of Anthropology: Communication, Culture and Japan
Authors: Moeran Brian
Published: October 2017

This article examines the potential use of anthropology as an effective means of

studying business organizations. Taking, as a case study, preparations by an

advertising agency for a competitive presentation to a potential client in Japan,

the author shows how anthropological fieldwork––in particular, the method of

participant observation—enabled him to understand and then analyse the social

processes underpinning contemporary advertising. In addition, he addresses other

issues relevant to success in research: for example, access to an organization, the

strategic use of social connections, and the ability to take advantage of unexpected

opportunity. Written in the style of a 'confessional' narrative, in which the author's

presence and contributions to his informants' work are made obvious, the article

shows the clear advantages of the methods of anthropology over those of other

disciplines, like management studies, that are engaged in the study of

contemporary business organizations.
Securing Singapore/Managing Perceptions: From Shooting the Messenger to Dodging the Question
Authors: Woodier Jonathan
Published: October 2017

The citizens of Singapore have been in thrall to the governing People's Action Party (PAP) and its senior figure Lee Kuan Yew for almost 45 years. Served by a pliant media brought to heel by a combination of legislative and ownership controls, the PAP has been effective in limiting the space for debate while successfully conveying its own internal messaging aimed at securing the state and its own political longevity. It has done this by creating the image of a Singapore as a fortress Chinese-led stability and prosperity, ever under threat from more restive neighbours. But, in the face of the emerging threats to this control posed by new information technology and the exigencies of the global economy, the

government has been forced to become increasingly ophisticated at managing perceptions and minimizing controversy. This paper will examine how the government has successfully met these challenges in a public relations triumph, effectively winning the battle for the hearts and minds of its internal audience, as well as shoring up the image of 'Fortress Singapore' and appeasing external

allies in the 'war against terror', thus keeping Singapore critics in check and neutralizing any external political support for domestic political movements.
The contradiction of entrepreneurship through affirmative action
Authors: Shome Anthony
Published: October 2017

Malaysia’s affirmative action, introduced as the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1971 to redress Malay economic setbacks, failed in its objective of acquiring for the Malay public companies the 30 percent equity of Malaysian public companies by 1991. The government believed that the NEP’s affirmative action, boosted by Malay political primacy, was a recipe for the creation of entrepreneurship. While not minimizing the role it justifiably plays for marginalized societies, affirmative action for the creation of entrepreneurs is questionable. This paper attempts to explain that state assistance to an economically-challenged society does little to create entrepreneurship, and because of its dependency ethos, is likely to inhibit the survival instincts and gumption necessary to face the challenges of entrepreneurship. It offers a proposition: in the context of Malaysia, selective assistance under affirmative action invites cronyism which non-Malay entrepreneurs resent and react with even higher competitive resilience by organizing themselves more collaboratively and optimizing their resources.
Peaceful Thai, Violent Malay(-Muslim): A Case Study of the “Problematic” Muslim citizens of Southern Thailand
Authors: Dorairajoo Saroja
Published: October 2017

This paper tries to understand why the Malay-speaking Muslims of southern Thailand are viewed perpetual national security threats by looking at some deep-seated identity constructions that aligns Malay identity with violence and Thai identity with peace and patriotism. By insisting that southern Thai Malay-Muslims identify as Thai rather than as Malay, the Thai state and its Buddhist citizens view Malay-Muslims insistence on their Malay identity as not only a rejection of Thai-ness but also as a threat to the sovereignty of the Thai nation-state. By comparing the Thai-Malays with the Thai-Chinese, the most discriminated minority in the history of Thailand, the author argues that forging of economic links within and outside of Thailand has helped the Thai-Chinese attain both political and economic success in Thailand while the promotion of separatist identities such as Malay and Islam have bequeathed the Thai-Malays with a legacy of violence.
Thirty years of Chinese reform:a historical perspective
Authors: Godement Francois
Published: October 2017

China's reform agenda is understood in the light of a thirty-year process. Interpretations of reforms differ according to the meaning of the word. Should Mao's heirs be seen as Leninist reformists, or as reformers in the historical Chinese sense, aiming at transformation in response to the West? The implications are contradictory. The reforms have been successful, yet their term has never been clearly defined. Reforms have been described alternatively as another phase in China's cyclical history, or as a transitional phase, or even as a change towards a hybrid regime with cultural Chinese features.

China has had 'true reformers', aiming at fundamental change. Their legacy is still present and Chinese society is eager for economic and social debate. However, actual reform has reached a plateau. The Party's undiminished monopoly on political ideas, its legitimization through nationalist pride, its hold over the media and communications, as well as global vindication of its cautiousness, all hint of a neo-classical restoration era. However, a new wave of reforms may question again the nature of China's political system.
China’s Globalisation Challenge
Authors: Nolan Peter
Published: October 2017

This paper analyses the nature of capitalist globalization during the past three decades. This period was dominated by US-led free market fundamentalism. This produced great benefits arising from intense oligopolistic competition. However, it also produced deep contradictions that threaten the sustainability of human life. Faced with these profound Darwinian threats, the human species needs to establish globally cooperative institutions to regulate intelligently the forces of wild capitalism that human beings have themselves created.
The Chinese Economy after Thirty Years of Reform: Perspectives from the Agricultural Sector
Authors: Ash Robert
Published: October 2017

The contours of China's rural economy and society have changed dramatically during the last 30 years. Urbanization and migration have made China less of a rural society than it was in 1978, while agriculture is no longer the principal driver of rural, let alone national, economic growth. Nevertheless, the registered rural population still numbers well over 700 million, and the dominant role of agriculture as a source of employment persists to this day. In its efforts to promote sustainable economic and social development, the Chinese government faces some of its most pressing challenges in the countryside. Its ability to fulfil major goals – those relating to employment, food security, poverty reduction, welfare enhancement and environmental sustainability – therefore depends critically on the effectiveness of its rural policies.

Rapid growth and marked changes in the structure of farm production since 1978 have been underpinned by major improvements in both land and labour productivity. In particular, the response of farmers to changes in levels and patterns of food consumption associated with growing affluence has been quite impressive. Despite short-term fluctuations, trend growth of domestic grain above all, cereal output has been positive, as a result of which China has succeeded in fulfilling its target of maintaining 'basic' food self-sufficiency. The government's adherence to a strategy of food self-sufficiency that runs counter to the principle of comparative advantage has also minimized China's involvement in international cereal markets.

Meanwhile, property rights remain a core issue in the farm sector. From this perspective, a recent initiative, designed to facilitate the emergence of new kinds of land transfers that would pave the way for a process of land consolidation, appears to represent a significant new development – albeit one that carries dangers as well as opportunities.
Negotiating Architecture Worlds in Indonesia: The Work of Eko Prawoto
Authors: Macrae Graeme
Published: October 2017

The notion of 'art worlds' is useful for thinking about meetings of meaning in art, and by implication architecture, across boundaries of nation, culture and identity. Because architecture is less easily separated than some other arts from the conditions of its material production, it inevitably sits, often uneasily, between these material conditions and its status as 'art'. The aim of this article, which began life as an exploration of the relationship between contemporary architecture and national identity in Indonesia, is to adapt the notion of 'art worlds' to architecture and to use it to consider the production of contemporary architecture in Indonesia, especially by reference to the approach of one architect who explicitly thinks and speaks of his work in terms both of 'art' and 'worlds'.
Development of Biofuels in China: Progress, Government Policies and Future Prospects
Authors: Hongzhou Zhang
Published: October 2017

China is the largest energy consumer in the world, but has limited energy resources. Energy security is thus a primary concern for China. Over reliance on the consumption of fossil energy has resulted in severe environmental pollution, which puts pressure on the government to adjust its energy mix. To strengthen its energy supply and prevent further environmental degradation, China has been committed to developing renewable energies, such as biofuels.

This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the development of biofuels, rural household biogas, and bioethanol, in particular. It also examines related government policies and the future prospects of the biofuel sector. The analysis shows that remarkable achievements have been made in the development of biogas in rural areas and in bioethanol at the industrial level. This progress is largely credited to government's strong support for the biofuel sectors. Nonetheless, although ongoing energy insecurity and environmental pollution continues to motivate the central government to support the development of biofuels, widening domestic food supply and demand gap, changes in rural life and agricultural industrialization constrain the further expansion of rural household biogas and cereal-based bioethanol. This article suggests that while China urgently needs to find alternative feedstock for the existing rural household biogas digesters and bioethanol plants, centralized biogas and non-cereal-based bioethanol projects should be prioritized for future development.
From Nuclear Hedging to Korea-Japan Nuclear Weapons Free Zone: Japan's Nuclear Options
Authors: Jiang Tianjiao
Published: October 2017

This article discusses both the positive and negative effects of Japan's three nuclear strategies: nuclear hedging, nuclear breakout, and the Korea-Japan Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (KJNWFZ). Nuclear hedging has been the longest established strategy to protect Japan's national security but it will become increasingly unreliable in the coming decades. Nuclear breakout, an alternative strategy, is impractical due to its high costs. In comparison, this article argues that KJNWFZ is the ideal option for Japan's future nuclear strategy. However, in recent years, the Japanese government has maintained the status quo, despite the scale of anti-nuclear protest across the country following the Fukushima crisis. Civilian anti-nuclear does not effectively in-ﬂuence nuclear strategy decision-making, due to a combination of national electoral politics, interests groups, the 'veto players' of the right-wing, and the broader regional security context. In conclusion, the nuclear hedging policy remains the accepted balance of interests supported by decision-makers.
Vietnam's Rice Price at the Intersection of Globalisation and Climate Variability
Authors: Gavagnin Carolina , Zolin Maria Bruna , Pastore Andrea
Published: October 2017

Vietnam has made huge economic improvements since the mid-1980s, opening up to international relationships and undergoing important economic and political reforms. It is also listed among the countries most vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate variability, forecasted rising temperatures and more frequent and intense severe climate-related natural disasters (floods, droughts, storms, typhoons, etc.). Rice plays an important role in Vietnam's national food security, rural development and political stability. The aim of this study is to analyze the pattern of domestic rice prices using potential variables from the supply and the demand side. It will focus on the role played by climate variability and severe weather events while also taking into account the strong public support for the sector. With this aim, the researchers have developed a regression model for mapping the domestic rice price through the generalized least squares model.
Organization Theory Meets Anthropology: A Story of an Encounter
Authors: Czarniawska Barbara
Published: October 2017

This text briefly depicts the history of an encounter between anthropology and organization theory in the Anglo-Saxon literature in the period 1990-2010 as seen by an organization scholar. In focus are some stable characteristics and some changes in this relationship, against the background of wider developments in societies and in social sciences. The article ends with suggestions concerning future possibilities of combining the insights of the two fields in a fruitful and interesting way.
‘Ikea sofas are like H&M trousers’: the potential of sensuous signs
Authors: Garvey Pauline
Published: October 2017

What makes Ikea sofas similar to H&M trousers? Clothing and furniture retail are increasingly aligned, as both follow fashion trends and seasonal change. Because of the transience that shifting trends imply, clothing is often read as a signifier of superficial or frivolous expression, masking more important realities that lie elsewhere. In this article, I follow Webb Keane in asserting that when treating clothing as a sign of surface adornment, as a mere communicator of meaning, one not only dematerialises the sign but foregrounds meaning over action. In focusing on the sensuous qualities of signs (qualisigns), I view Ikea goods as sites of potential and compare how adorned surfaces are more than semiotic vehicles, but also material things that have effects.
Of Old and New Business Ethics: How Fair Trade Becomes Patronage and Paternalism in a Darjeeling Tea Plantation
Authors: Kaba Arnaud
Published: October 2017

This paper is about Fair Trade and business ethics. It analyses data from fieldwork conducted in a famous Darjeeling tea plantation which practices biological and biodynamic farming and is labeled as Fair Trade. Its aim is to show how the plantation owner, using aggressive marketing of his engagement with eco-friendly and corporately-responsible management, has managed to regenerate an old patronage system more or less similar to industrial paternalism, but with its roots in colonial as well as indigenous domination structures. Disappointed by their unions, workers have had no alternative but to accept this form of governance, and some even acknowledge it as a good one. This case is a good example of how Fair Trade, which claims to empower workers, can be used to fuel a system which results in their disempowerment as social actors.
Opinions: Ethnographic Methods in the Study of Business
Authors: Briody Elizabeth K. , Fine Gary Alan , Graffman Katarina , Krawinkler Stephanie A. , McCabe Maryann , Sunderland Patricia , Denny Rita
Published: October 2017

For this issue of the Journal of Business Anthropology, I approached a number of people who have conducted research in, with, on, or for business organizations of one sort or another and asked them to reflect upon their ethnographic experiences. What follows is a series of essays by scholars and practitioners ‒ many of them extremely experienced, but one at the beginning of her career ‒ who between them have provided us with a collation of exemplary practices and insights. It isn’t just restaurant kitchens and home cooking that provide ‘food for thought’, but cruise ships, art museums, General Motors, and an Austrian electrical company. Bon appetit!
Moulding Knowledge into a Legal Complex: Para-ethnography at the Swedish Tax Agency
Authors: Larsen Lotta Björklund
Published: October 2017

The foundation of a functioning welfare state is a tax system that is widely accepted and considered to be fair and legitimate. How and by what means a tax collecting agency interprets the laws are thus seen to have an impact on taxpayers’ willingness to pay. This article addresses the various practices, knowledge and forms of data that the Swedish Tax Agency applies in a risk assessment project, against a background of the Agency’s on-going endeavour for legitimacy. This article shows how its methods not only entail taking account of massive amounts of Tax Agency regulations, research, and statistical results to follow, but also reveals how stories, hunches and examples from media and everyday life coalesce to affect those methods. So, too, with the ethnographer’s role: how is she to deal with knowledge production within a governmental organization whose employees read, and also learn from, what she writes.
Opinions: Business History and Anthropology
Authors: Friedman Walter , Galambos Louis , Godelier Eric , Gordon Gwendolyn , Jones Geoffrey , Hansen Per H. , Orts Eric W. , Pope Daniel , Scranton Philip , Sturchio Jeffrey L. , Wadhwani R. Daniel , Urban Greg
Published: October 2017

No available abstract
Language, Power and the Liminal: A Korean Translator/Interpreter's Role in Shaping Identities in the London (UK) Business Community
Authors: Moore Fiona
Published: October 2017

The impact of translators and interpreters on transnational business is not often considered, and yet, they have the ability to ensure the success or failure of communication during transnational business ventures, and to shape and define the identities of organisations. As part of a wider ethnographic study of the Korean community in London (UK), I focus on the case of “Mrs Park,” a professional Korean interpreter and translator, and the ways in which she mediates between Korean and non-Korean organisations. We conclude that to understand the roles language and identity play in transnational business, the position of the translator/interpreter as a cultural intermediary must be taken into account.
The Ethnography of versus for Question in an Anthropology of/for Business
Authors: Peluso Daniela M.
Published: October 2017

This special-themed edition of the Journal of Business Anthropology critically examines the borders and crossovers between an anthropology of business (which I term 'non-consultant anthropology') and anthropologies for business ('consultant anthropology'). In the pages that follow authors consider the unique and valuable contributions of these varied approaches and their impacts on our understanding of business organizations and industries. In this introduction, I seek to focus on some of the issues faced by anthropologists ‘of’ and ‘for’ business who ‘study up’ when they prepare for, write about and conduct research in relation to businesses. I position and discuss the contribution of the authors in this volume amidst a broader discussion about how anthropologists approach or address organisations as field sites. As such, this introduction also provides a guide for anthropologists who study or are considering to study or work for businesses. My hope is that this volume will address and expose some of the assumptions and misunderstandings that tend to arise among anthropologists and laypeople in regards to business-related anthropology.
Afterword: Questions of an Anthropology of and Anthropology for Business
Authors: Cefkin Melissa
Published: October 2017

Afterword to the Themed Issue:Anthropology of versus Anthropology for Business: Exploring the Borders and Crossovers Between an Anthropology of Business and Anthropological ConsultancyGuest editor: Daniela Peluso
Polymerization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High-Viscosity Bulk Fill and Low Shrinkage Resin Composites
Authors: Shibasaki S , Takamizawa T , Nojiri K , Imai A , Tsujimoto A , Endo H , Suzuki S , Suda S , Barkmeier WW , Latta MA , Miyazaki M
Published: October 2017

The present study determined the mechanical properties and volumetric polymerization shrinkage of different categories of resin composite. Three high viscosity bulk fill resin composites were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB, Ivoclar Vivadent), Filtek Bulk Fill posterior restorative (FB, 3M ESPE), and Sonic Fill (SF, Kerr Corp). Two low-shrinkage resin composites, Kalore (KL, GC Corp) and Filtek LS Posterior (LS, 3M ESPE), were used. Three conventional resin composites, Herculite Ultra (HU, Kerr Corp), Estelite ∑ Quick (EQ, Tokuyama Dental), and Filtek Supreme Ultra (SU, 3M ESPE), were used as comparison materials. Following ISO Specification 4049, six specimens for each resin composite were used to determine flexural strength, elastic modulus, and resilience. Volumetric polymerization shrinkage was determined using a water-filled dilatometer. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test (α=0.05). The flexural strength of the resin composites ranged from 115.4 to 148.1 MPa, the elastic modulus ranged from 5.6 to 13.4 GPa, and the resilience ranged from 0.70 to 1.0 MJ/m3. There were significant differences in flexural properties between the materials but no clear outliers. Volumetric changes as a function of time over a duration of 180 seconds depended on the type of resin composite. However, for all the resin composites, apart from LS, volumetric shrinkage began soon after the start of light irradiation, and a rapid decrease in volume during light irradiation followed by a slower decrease was observed. The low shrinkage resin composites KL and LS showed significantly lower volumetric shrinkage than the other tested materials at the measuring point of 180 seconds. In contrast, the three bulk fill resin composites showed higher volumetric change than the other resin composites. The findings from this study provide clinicians with valuable information regarding the mechanical properties and polymerization kinetics of these categories of current resin composite.