bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to cardiometabolic risk in children: cross-sectional findings from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study
Authors: Väistö Juuso , Eloranta Aino-Maija , Viitasalo Anna , Tompuri Tuomo , Lintu Niina , Karjalainen Panu , Lampinen Eeva-Kaarina , Ågren Jyrki , Laaksonen David E , Lakka Hanna-Maaria , Lindi Virpi , Lakka Timo A
Published: April 2014

Background

Lower levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) have been associated with increased cardiometabolic risk among children. However, little is known about the independent and combined associations of PA and SB as well as different types of these behaviours with cardiometabolic risk in children. We therefore investigated these relationships among children.

Methods

The subjects were a population sample of 468 children 6–8 years of age. PA and SB were assessed by a questionnaire administered by parents and validated by a monitor combining heart rate and accelerometry measurements. We assessed body fat percentage, waist circumference, blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma lipids and lipoproteins and blood pressure and calculated a cardiometabolic risk score using population-specific Z-scores and a formula waist circumference + insulin + glucose + triglycerides - HDL cholesterol + mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We analysed data using multivariate linear regression models.

Results

Total PA was inversely associated with the cardiometabolic risk score (β = -0.135, p = 0.004), body fat percentage (β = -0.155, p < 0.001), insulin (β = -0.099, p = 0.034), triglycerides (β = -0.166, p < 0.001), VLDL triglycerides (β = -0.230, p < 0.001), VLDL cholesterol (β = -0.168, p = 0.001), LDL cholesterol (β = -0.094, p = 0.046) and HDL triglycerides (β = -0.149, p = 0.004) and directly related to HDL cholesterol (β = 0.144, p = 0.002) adjusted for age and gender. Unstructured PA was inversely associated with the cardiometabolic risk score (β = -0.123, p = 0.010), body fat percentage (β = -0.099, p = 0.027), insulin (β = -0.108, p = 0.021), triglycerides (β = -0.144, p = 0.002), VLDL triglycerides (β = -0.233, p < 0.001) and VLDL cholesterol (β = -0.199, p < 0.001) and directly related to HDL cholesterol (β = 0.126, p = 0.008). Watching TV and videos was directly related to the cardiometabolic risk score (β = 0.135, p = 0.003), body fat percentage (β = 0.090, p = 0.039), waist circumference (β = 0.097, p = 0.033) and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.096, p = 0.039). Resting was directly associated with the cardiometabolic risk score (β = 0.092, p = 0.049), triglycerides (β = 0.131, p = 0.005), VLDL triglycerides (β = 0.134, p = 0.009), VLDL cholesterol (β = 0.147, p = 0.004) and LDL cholesterol (β = 0.105, p = 0.023). Other types of PA and SB had less consistent associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Conclusions

The results of our study emphasise increasing total and unstructured PA and decreasing watching TV and videos and other sedentary behaviours to reduce cardiometabolic risk among children.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01803776.
Tunable antireflection from conformal Al-doped ZnO films on nanofaceted Si templates
Authors: Basu Tanmoy , Kumar Mohit , Sahoo Pratap Kumar , Kanjilal Aloke , Som Tapobrata
Published: April 2014

Photon harvesting by reducing reflection loss is the basis of photovoltaic devices. Here, we show the efficacy of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) overlayer on ion beam-synthesized nanofaceted silicon for suppressing reflection loss. In particular, we demonstrate thickness-dependent tunable antireflection (AR) from conformally grown AZO layer, showing a systematic shift in the reflection minima from ultraviolet to visible to near-infrared ranges with increasing thickness. Tunable AR property is understood in light of depth-dependent refractive index of nanofaceted silicon and AZO overlayer. This improved AR property significantly increases the fill factor of such textured heterostructures, which reaches its maximum for 60-nm AZO compared to the ones based on planar silicon. This thickness matches with the one that shows the maximum reduction in surface reflectance.

PACS

81.07.-b; 42.79.Wc; 81.16.Rf; 81.15.Cd
Serial transfer can aid the evolution of autocatalytic sets
Authors: Hordijk Wim , Vaidya Nilesh , Lehman Niles
Published: April 2014

Background

The concept of an autocatalytic set of molecules has been posited theoretically and demonstrated empirically with catalytic RNA molecules. For this concept to have significance in a realistic origins-of-life scenario, it will be important to demonstrate the evolvability of such sets. Here, we employ a Gillespie algorithm to improve and expand on previous simulations of an empirical system of self-assembling RNA fragments that has the ability to spontaneously form autocatalytic networks. We specifically examine the role of serial transfer as a plausible means to allow time-dependent changes in set composition, and compare the results to equilibrium, or “batch” scenarios.

Results

We show that the simulation model produces results that are in close agreement with the original experimental observations in terms of generating varying autocatalytic (sub)sets over time. Furthermore, the model results indicate that in a “batch” scenario the equilibrium distribution is largely determined by competition for resources and stochastic fluctuations. However, with serial transfer the system is prevented from reaching such an equilibrium state, and the dynamics are mostly determined by differences in reaction rates. This is a consistent pattern that can be repeated, or made stronger or weaker by varying the reaction rates or the duration of the transfer steps. Increasing the number of molecules in the simulation actually strengthens the potential for selection.

Conclusions

These simulations provide a more realistic emulation of wet lab conditions using self-assembling catalytic RNAs that form interaction networks. In doing so, they highlight the potential evolutionary advantage to a prebiotic scenario that involves cyclic dehydration/rehydration events. We posit that such cyclicity is a plausible means to promote evolution in primordial autocatalytic sets, which could later lead to the establishment of individual-based biology.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its correlated factors among children and adolescents of Ahvaz aged 10 – 19
Authors: Rashidi Homeira , Payami Seyed Peyman , Latifi Seyed Mahmoud , Karandish Majid , Moravej Aleali Armaghan , Aminzadeh Majid , Riahi Kuroush , Ghasemi Marzieh
Published: April 2014

Background

Population-based studies for prevalence of metabolic syndrome (M.S) in children and adolescents are relatively rare. The aim of this study was to assess the Prevalence of M.S and correlated factors among children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in Ahvaz.

Methods

In this descriptive-analytical population- based study, 2246 children and adolescents, 10–19 years old (1113 male and 1133 female) in Ahvaz, were evaluated. Anthropometry, biochemical measurement and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. Modified ATP III criteria 2005 were used for M.S. definition. Center for disease and Control preventions (CDC) percentile were applied to define cut off points of waist circumference and BP.

Results

Prevalence of M.S. was 9% (95% CI: 8-10%) with prevalence in male 11% (95% CI: 10-12%) and female 7% (95% CI 6-8%). Among individuals with M.S, triglyceride (TG) and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were the most common components (33.5% and 24.1%, respectively). Prevalence of M.S was higher in overweight persons comparing to participants with at risk and normal weight group (in male: 24.1%, 14.3% and 9.9% respectively P = 0.0001), (in female: 22.6%, 18.3% and 4.5% respectively P = 0.0001). Among the correlated factors of M.S age (P = 0.0006), sex and BMI (P = 0.0001) had significant differences between subjects with and without M.S. whereas there was no significant difference between two groups in ethnicity, history of breast fed, birth weight neonatal ICU admission, maternal history(GDM, gestational HTN, Parity) and family history of HTN, obesity and DM (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study shows high prevalence of M.S in Children and Adolescents in south west of Iran (Ahvaz) especially in overweight persons.
Target competition: transcription factors enter the limelight
Authors: Karreth Florian A , Tay Yvonne , Pandolfi Pier Paolo
Published: April 2014

Transcription factor binding sites compete for a limited pool of bioavailable transcription factor molecules to fine tune gene expression.
Hydra myc2, a unique pre-bilaterian member of the myc gene family, is activated in cell proliferation and gametogenesis
Authors: Hartl Markus , Glasauer Stella , Valovka Taras , Breuker Kathrin , Hobmayer Bert , Bister Klaus
Published: April 2014

The myc protooncogene encodes the Myc transcription factor which is the essential part of the Myc–Max network controlling fundamental cellular processes. Deregulation of myc leads to tumorigenesis and is a hallmark of many human cancers. We have recently identified homologs of myc (myc1, myc2) and max in the early diploblastic cnidarian Hydra and have characterized myc1 in detail. Here we show that myc2 is transcriptionally activated in the interstitial stem cell system. Furthermore, in contrast to myc1, myc2 expression is also detectable in proliferating epithelial stem cells throughout the gastric region. myc2 but not myc1 is activated in cycling precursor cells during early oogenesis and spermatogenesis, suggesting that the Hydra Myc2 protein has a possible non-redundant function in cell cycle progression. The Myc2 protein displays the principal design and properties of vertebrate Myc proteins. In complex with Max, Myc2 binds to DNA with similar affinity as Myc1–Max heterodimers. Immunoprecipitation of Hydra chromatin revealed that both Myc1 and Myc2 bind to the enhancer region of CAD, a classical Myc target gene in mammals. Luciferase reporter gene assays showed that Myc1 but not Myc2 transcriptionally activates the CAD promoter. Myc2 has oncogenic potential when tested in primary avian fibroblasts but to a lower degree as compared to Myc1. The identification of an additional myc gene in Cnidaria, a phylum that diverged prior to bilaterians, with characteristic expression patterns in tissue homeostasis and developmental processes suggests that principle functions of myc genes have arisen very early in metazoan evolution.
Delay and Deadlines: Freeriding and Information Revelation in Partnerships
Authors: Campbell Arthur , Ederer Florian , Spinnewijn Johannes
Published: April 2014

We study two sources of delay in teams: freeriding and lack of communication. Partners contribute to the value of a common project, but have private information about the success of their own efforts. When the deadline is far away, unsuccessful partners freeride on each others' efforts. When the deadline draws close, successful partners stop revealing their success to maintain their partners' motivation. We derive comparative statics results for common team performance measures and find that the optimal deadline maximizes productive efforts while avoiding unnecessary delays. Welfare is higher when information is only privately observable rather than revealed to the partnership.(JEL D82, D83, L26, M54, O30)
Candidates, Character, and Corruption
Authors: Bernheim B. Douglas , Kartik Navin
Published: April 2014

We study the characteristics of self-selected candidates in corrupt political systems. Individuals differ along two dimensions of unobservable character: public spirit (altruism) and honesty (disutility from selling out to special interests). Both aspects combine to determine an individual's quality as governor. We characterize properties of equilibrium candidate pools for arbitrary costs of running for office, including when costs become vanishingly small. We explore how policy instruments such as the governor's compensation and anticorruption enforcement affect the expected quality of governance through candidate self-selection. We show that self-selection can have surprising implications for the effect of information disclosures concerning candidates' backgrounds. (JEL D64, D72, H41, K42)
Information Acquisition in a War of Attrition
Authors: Kim Kyungmin , Lee Frances Zhiyun Xu
Published: April 2014

We consider a war of attrition where the players can learn about a state that determines their payoffs at stochastic deadline. We study how the incentives to acquire information depend on the (un) verifiability of information and its implications for efficiency. Unverifiability creates distortions (strategic delay in concession or duplication in information acquisition), but encourages information acquisition. In our model, provided that the information acquisition cost is small, these two effects cancel each other out and the players' expected payoffs in symmetric equilibrium are identical whether information is verifiable or not. We also show that shortening deadlines may prolong the conflict. (JEL C72, D82, D83)
Typification of Posidonia oceanica (Tracheophyta: Posidoniaceae), Mediterranean seagrass
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Boisset Fernando , Jarvis Charles E.
Published: April 2014

The typification of the name Zostera oceanica L. (≡ Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile) (Posidoniaceae) is discussed. Original material conserved in UPS‐BURSER is designated as the lectotype.
Lectotypification ofGentiana filiformisandGentiana pusilla(Gentianaceae)
Authors: Lifante Zoila Díaz , Valdés Benito
Published: April 2014

Cicendia filiformis(L.) Delarbre and Exaculumpusillum(Lam.) Caruel, the two Euro‐Mediterranean Gentianaceae species with the smallest and slenderest stems, are typified, the former on a figure of Vaillant and the latter on a plant specimen in Lamarck's herbarium (P‐LAM).
Taxonomic re‐evaluation of Panicum sections Tuerckheimiana and Valida (Poaceae: Panicoideae) using morphological and molecular data
Authors: Lizarazu Mabel A. , Nicola Marcela V. , Salariato Diego L.
Published: April 2014

The taxonomic status of Panicum sect. Tuerckheimiana and sect. Valida has remained as “incertae sedis” within Panicum. To resolve the systematic position of both sections within Paniceae s.l., morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast sequence data (ndhF) were conducted. Our study shows that both sections are included in the subtribe Paspalinae of tribe Paspaleae, where they are related with the genus Anthaenantiopsis. These results support the recent transfer of these species to the recently described genera Aakia and Osvaldoa; they are restricted to forests of Mesoamerica and lowlands of southern South America respectively. These genera are described and compared with other allied genera of subtribe Paspalinae.
Evolution and diversity of pollen morphology in tribe Cercideae (Leguminosae)
Authors: Banks Hannah , Forest Félix , Lewis Gwilym
Published: April 2014

The monophyletic tribe Cercideae is one of the earliest branching lineages in Leguminosae, sister to the rest of the family. It is a highly varied and complex group which has undergone many taxonomic re‐organisations, and is currently the subject of further systematic studies. The pollen of the Cercideae has long been known to be diverse and varied, but problematic species and generic delimitations have previously hindered our understanding of the similarities, differences, evolution and taxonomic significance of the various pollen structures found within the tribe. This study aims to better understand the complexities of the pollen morphological variation by assessing them with regard to recent phylogenetic studies, and also to provide pollen characters that will help to gain more resolution in systematic studies. Approximately 250 pollen samples from tribe Cercideae were studied using light as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with 58 of those samples taken from 55 species of 12 genera matching those analysed in a recent molecular phylogeny. The distribution of morphological structures is examined by mapping them onto a recently published molecular phylogenetic tree. Using the molecular phylogeny to show pollen diversity and distribution, we provide an overview of pollen morphology in the Cercideae. The first branching lineages in tribe Cercideae have an unspecialised pollen type, whereas the more variable and distinct pollen types are found in the more derived lineages, in Schnella, Lasiobema, Phanera and Bauhinia s.str. There is a high degree of specialisation in surface ornamentation, wall structure and aperture type in these groups when compared to other caesalpinioid taxa. The Cercideae is currently the subject of much research. This overview of pollen structure presents a summary of the distribution of pollen morphological variation, providing data which allows the structural variation in pollen to be compared and contrasted in evolutionary and taxonomic contexts. It also provides potential autapomorphic and synapomorphic palynological characters of use in phylogenetic analyses and taxonomy.
First Record of Rhynchotermes nasutissimus (Silvestri) (Isoptera: Syntermitinae) Associated with Rat Carrion in Brasília, Brazil
Authors: Prestes Anna Carolina , Tepedino Karla Pessôa , Kosmann Cecília , Pujol-Luz José Roberto
Published: April 2014

Rhynchotermes nasutissimus (Silvestri) is a leaf litter feeder species distributed through the Neotropical region. We found for the first time this species associated with rat carrion in an urban area of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Ten soldiers and 36 workers were spread in the cavities and between internal leathers of the carrion’s dry remains of the animal that have been exposed during a week in the soil, in March 2012, at end of the wet season. We believe that this uncommon behavior may reflect a nutritional need.

Primeiro Registro de Rhynchotermes nasutissimus (Silvestri) (Isoptera: Syntermitinae) Associado à Carcaça de Rato em Brasília, Brasil

Resumo. Rhynchotermes nasutissimus (Silvestri) é uma espécie que se alimenta de folhas de serrapilheira, distribuída pela região Neotropical. Encontrou-se pela primeira vez esta espécie associada com carcaça de rato, em uma área urbana de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil. Os dez soldados e 36 operários se encontravam dispersos entre as vértebras e restos secos do animal que foi exposto durante uma semana no solo em março de 2012, final da estação chuvosa. Acredita-se que este comportamento raro seja resultado de alguma deficiência nutricional.
Biologia de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Algodoeiro de Fibra Colorida Tratado com Silício
Authors: Silva Alex Antônio , Alvarenga Roberta , Moraes Jair Campos , Alcantra Eliana
Published: April 2014

A lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) é praga-chave da cultura do milho e a cada ano sua ocorrência na cultura algodoeira têm aumentado, causando danos severos desde a fase de plântula até a maturação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do silício na biologia de S. frugiperda em algodoeiro de fibra branca e colorida. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos com duas cultivares de algodão, a BRS Cedro (fibras brancas) e BRS Verde (fibras verdes), com e sem aplicação de silício. O silício foi aplicado como solução de ácido silícico a 1 %, na dosagem equivalente a 3 t/ha de SiO2. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: mortalidade larval, duração da fase larval e pupal, viabilidade de pupa, peso das pupas, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos, machos e fêmeas e o número de ovos/fêmea. Verificou-se que a aplicação de silício aumentou apenas a mortalidade de lagartas alimentadas com folhas da BRS Cedro, não demonstrando nenhum efeito nas lagartas quando aplicado na BRS Verde. Além disso, na cultivar BRS Cedro, em comparação com a cultivar BRS Verde, houve menor peso de pupa e menor produção de ovos/fêmea.

Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Colored Cotton Treated with Silicon

Abstract. The caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a key pest of the corn culture and each year its occurrence in the cotton culture has increased, causing severe damage from the seedling phase to maturation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the silicon on the biology of S. frugiperda in white and colored fiber cotton plants. The bioassays were conducted with two cultivars of cotton, BRS Cedro (white fibers) and BRS Verde (green fibers), with and without silicon application. The silicon was applied as a solution of 1% silicon acid, at a dosage equivalent to 3 ton/ha of SiO2. The following biological parameters were evaluated: larval mortality, duration of the larval and pupal phase, pupal viability, pupal weight, gender ratio, adult longevity of males and females and the number of eggs/female. It was verified that the silicon application only increased the mortality of caterpillars fed with BRS Cedro leaves, not demonstrating any effect on the caterpillars when applied on BRS Verde. Furthermore, the BRS Cedro cultivar, when compared to the BRS Verde cultivar, presented a lower pupal weight and a lower eggs/female production.
A Dynamic Model of Entry and Exit in a Growing Industry
Authors: Shen Qiaowei
Published: April 2014

The potential demand in a new industry evolves over time. Demand is initially low, but advertising by the industry’s early entrants can speed up demand growth. However, there is intrinsic uncertainty of the demand level in each period and uncertainty of the demand evolution path, which can be affected by the underlying economic environment. We construct a dynamic model that features the stochastically and endogenously expanding demand of a new industry, and we investigate the optimal entry and exit behavior of firms as the industry evolves. We find that firms’ incentive to enter early depends critically on the cost that early entrants have to pay in developing the market. When the cost is high and the benefit spills over to potential entrants, firms have an incentive to wait, and the probability of entry can increase with the number of incumbents under certain circumstances. Firms’ entry strategy is also influenced by the transition of economic states. Firms are more likely to enter under a state that shows the prospect of demand taking off soon. We also find that, in the early stage of an industry, higher demand uncertainty can induce faster entry.
Judge: Don't Vote!
Authors: Balinski Michel , Laraki Rida
Published: April 2014

This article argues that the traditional model of the theory of social choice is not a good model and does not lead to acceptable methods of ranking and electing. It presents a more meaningful and realistic model that leads naturally to a method of ranking and electing—majority judgment—that better meets the traditional criteria of what constitutes a good method. It gives descriptions of its successful use in several different practical situations and compares it with other methods including Condorcet's, Borda's, first-past-the-post, and approval voting.
A New Formulation Based on Customer Delivery Patterns for a Maritime Inventory Routing Problem
Authors: Rakke Jørgen Glomvik , Andersson Henrik , Christiansen Marielle , Desaulniers Guy
Published: April 2014

In this paper we address a maritime inventory routing problem encountered by one of the world’s largest producers of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The producer is responsible for the LNG inventories at the liquefaction plant, the loading port with a limited number of berths, and the routing and scheduling of a heterogeneous fleet of LNG ships. In addition, the producer has to fulfill a set of long-term contracts to customers all around the world. The producer’s goal is to create a minimum-cost long-term delivery program that respects the long-term contracts while maximizing revenue from selling LNG in the spot market. We introduce a new formulation for this problem arising from a novel decomposition scheme based on delivery patterns. To solve this formulation, we develop an exact branch-price-and-cut algorithm. Computational results show that this new formulation provides much tighter lower bounds than the only known mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation for this problem. Furthermore, on a set of 27 benchmark instances, the proposed branch-price-and-cut method clearly outperforms a commercial MIP solver applied to the existing MIP model.
Conocimiento escolar, ciencia, institución y democracia
Authors: Morante Jesús Romero
Published: April 2014

Las escaramuzas dialécticas provocadas por el flamante discurso de las "competencias" no han contribuido a sacar el debate sobre el conocimiento escolar de su atonía actual.  Entre otras razones, por su insuficiente perspectiva, por sus notorias omisiones y por reducir los términos de este debate a un dualismo superficial y desmemoriado. Urge, por ello, seguir repensando y problematizando el curriculum. A tal fin, lo que este artículo plantea es ampliar la mirada con otros niveles de análisis que permitan hacer aflorar y "desfamiliarizar" las presuposiciones tácitas acerca de la naturaleza y la dinámica del curriculum que acostumbran a darse por sentadas. En este sentido, se argumentará en favor de la necesidad imperiosa de otro género de aproximación "ontológica", diferente de la convencional pero cautelosa asimismo con algunas derivas postconvencionales.
Social Epistemology, the Reason of “Reason” and the Curriculum Studies
Authors: Popkewitz Thomas
Published: April 2014

Not-with-standing the current topoi of the Knowledge Society, a particular “fact” of modernity is that power is exercised less through brute force and more through systems of reason that order and classify what is known and acted on.  This article explored the system of reason that orders and classifies what is talked about, thought and act on in schooling.  The study of the system of reason in schooling is framed as social epistemology to consider the historically ordered, relational and socially embeddedness of knowledge as the political.  This entails exploring the “reason” of science and schooling as to change social conditions that changes people. Further the school subjects of mathematics and music education are explored as an alchemy, the use of translation tools that remake disciplinary knowledge into the school curriculum.  The alchemy of the curriculum is paradoxical.  It embodies cultural theses about kinds of people that inscribe differences and divisions in the name of inclusion and equity.
Genealogía y cambio conceptual. Educación, historia y memoria
Authors: Fernández Raimundo Cuesta
Published: April 2014

Resumen: En este artículo se reclama una síntesis entre la historia conceptual y la genealogía de estirpe foucaultiana a fin de fundamentar una crítica de la escuela y del conocimiento histórico escolar, como premisa para la formulación de una didáctica crítica. Tras examinar la evolución semántica de tres universos conceptuales (educación, historia y memoria), los dos primeros vinculados a la lógica de la razón moderna y el tercero a su impugnación, se propone una educación histórica que, rompiendo con la lógica del código disciplinar del curriculum, haga uso del potencial formativo de una historia con memoria, o sea, de un conocimiento superador de la escisión entre ciencia histórica y experiencia. Para ello se apela a una didáctica crítica, una actividad teórico-práctica, que ponga en el centro de su interés una historia del presente vinculada a la comprensión de los problemas de nuestro tiempo.
¿Es el curriculum escolar relevante en la cultura digital? Debates y desafíos sobre la autoridad cultural contemporánea
Authors: Dussel Inés
Published: April 2014

El curriculum escolar es objeto de numerosas impugnaciones desde hace algunas décadas, algunas provenientes del propio campo teórico del curriculum y otras de dinámicas políticas y culturales más amplias. Partiendo de una definición operativa del curriculum moderno como un documento público que expresa una síntesis de una propuesta cultural, formulada en términos educativos, sobre cómo y quién define la autoridad cultural en una sociedad dada, el artículo busca analizar la configuración histórica de ciertos rasgos centrales y también las impugnaciones contemporáneas.Más específicamente, busca traer al debate curricular los cambios y polémicas que hoy suma la tecnocultura o cultura digital, que cuestiona la centralidad del texto curricular y propone otros criterios de organización y jerarquización de los saberes, así como otras operaciones con el saber basadas en la popularidad y el gusto de los consumidores, así como en la respuesta emocional e inmediata. La perspectiva de análisis, influida por los estudios foucaultianos y la sociología política del curriculum, por la teoría del actor en red y por estudios histórico-culturales sobre los medios y las tecnologías digitales, permite subrayar las dinámicas y articulaciones que producen el curriculum y sus criterios de organización, así como la circulación y rearticulación de las posiciones críticas. En este recorrido, se busca argumentar que el curriculum todavía conserva relevancia como documento público que busca organizar experiencias educativas en las escuelas, y que no habría que “despachar a la ligera” los debates y desafíos sobre la selección y recreación de la cultura que el curriculum moderno había estructurado.
Selective and Superselective Angiography of Pediatric Moyamoya Disease Angioarchitecture: The Anterior Circulation
Authors: Baltsavias Gerasimos , Valavanis Anton , Filipce Venko , Khan Nadia
Published: April 2014

The angioarchitecture of the so-called moyamoya vessels in children has not been explicitly analyzed. We aimed to investigate the precise anatomy of the vascular anastomotic networks in patients with childhood moyamoya disease.

Six children diagnosed with moyamoya disease for the first time underwent an angiographic investigation with selective and superselective injections. We recorded the arterial branches feeding the moyamoya anastomotic networks, their connections and the recipient vessels.

Depending on the level of the steno-occlusive lesion, the feeding vessels included the medial striate arteries, the perforators of the choroidal segment of the carotid, the uncal artery, the medial and lateral branches of the intraventricular segment of the anterior choroidal artery, perforators of the communicating segment, the superior hypophyseal arteries, the prechiasmal branches of the ophthalmic artery, the ethmoidal arteries and the dural branches of the cavernous carotid. Through connections, which are described, the recipient vessels were the lateral striate arteries and the middle cerebral, the medial striate arteries and the anterior cerebral, medullary arteries around the ventricular system, anterior temporal branches of the middle cerebral, orbitofrontal and frontopolar branches of the anterior cerebral, as well as other cortical branches of the anterior and middle cerebral territories.

The use of high quality selective and superselective angiography enabled us to clearly demonstrate for the first time aspects of the microangiographic anatomy of the moyamoya anastomotic network previously only vaguely or incompletely described.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in the Temporal Bone and Complete Resection with Preoperative Embolization
Authors: Kim Byoung Je , Lee Eun Ju , Chang Hyuk Won , Jung Hae Ra , Kim Ealmaan , Sohn Sung Il , Kim Sang Pyo
Published: April 2014

We describe a rare case of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) that occurred in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The ABCs were treated with preoperative embolization and complete removal of the mass from the adjacent tissue. The technical details suggest that preoperative embolization is a good treatment option for ABCs.
Versatile Fill Coils: Initial Experience as Framing Coils for Oblong Aneurysms
Authors: Osanai Toshiya , Bain Mark , Hui Ferdinand K
Published: April 2014

Coil embolization of oblong aneurysms is difficult because the majority of commercially available coils are manufactured with a helical or spherical tertiary structure. While adopting framing strategies for oblong aneurysms (aspect ratio ≥ 2: 1), traditional coils may be undersized in the long axis but oversized in the short axis, resulting in increased aneurysmal wall stress, risk of re-rupture, and difficulty creating a basket that respects the aneurysmal neck. We review three cases in which versatile filling coils (VFCs) were used as the initial coils for embolization of oblong aneurysms and report coil distribution characteristics and clinical outcomes. Packing density after VFC implantation was assessed using the software AngioSuite-Neuro edition and AngioCalc.

Illustrative case: a 58-year-old woman experienced a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm (7.5 mm × 3.5 mm). A 3–6 mm × 15 cm VFC was selected as the first coil because the flexibility of its wave-loop structure facilitates framing of an irregularly shaped aneurysm. The loop portions of the structures tend to be pressed to the extremes of the aneurysmal sac by the wave component. The VFC was introduced smoothly into the aneurysmal sac without catheter kickback. We were then able to insert detachable filling coils without any adjunctive technique and achieved complete occlusion. Complete occlusion without severe complications was achieved in all three cases in our study. Average packing density after the first coil was 15.63%.

VFC coils may have a specific role in framing oblong aneurysms given their complex loop-wave design, allowing spacing of the coils at the dome and neck while keeping sac stress to a minimum.
In Vitro Erosive Effect of Pediatric Medicines on Deciduous Tooth Enamel
Authors: Scatena Camila , Galafassi Daniel , Gomes-Silva Jaciara Miranda , Borsatto Maria Cristina , Serra Mônica Campos
Published: April 2014

This study evaluated, in vitro, the erosive potential of pediatric liquid medicines in primary tooth enamel, depending on the exposure time. Sixty deciduous incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=15), according to the immersion solutions: guaifenesin; ferrous sulfate; salbutamol sulfate and artificial saliva. The immersion cycles in the medicines were undertaken under a 1-min agitation, which wasperformed three times daily, during 28 days. Surface microhardness was measured at 7,14, 21 and 28 days. The titratable acidity and buffering capacity of the immersion media were determined. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Salbutamol sulfate caused a gradual loss in enamel microhardness deciduous, observed at all times (p<0.005). Exposure to guaifenesin or ferrous sulfate resulted in significant decrease of enamel microhardness only after 28 days (p<0.005). In the control group (artificial saliva), microhardness did not changed (p>0.005) at any of the studied times. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed that after 28 days the surfaces clearly exhibited structural loss, which was unlike those immersed in artificial saliva. Erosion of deciduous enamel was dependent on the type of medicine and exposure time.
Characterization of Successful Root Canal Treatment
Authors: Estrela Carlos , Holland Roberto , Estrela Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo , Alencar Ana Helena Gonçalves , Sousa-Neto Manoel Damião , Pécora Jesus Djalma
Published: April 2014

Knowing the outcome of root canal treatment (RCT) is determinant to substantiate the clinical decision making process, especially when RCT is weighed against the extraction of natural teeth or replacement by prosthetic elements. The ideal scenario in all clinical situations should combine healing/prevention of disease (apical periodontitis) and the functional retention of the tooth. Understanding the risk factors associated with endodontic failure is a key factor to increase the chances of success. The logical action is to reverse the existing disease, which requires intervention to neutralize the bacterial invasion and disrupt the bacterial biofilm within the complex anatomy. Success is more predictable when the immune host defenses are favorable. However, success has different meanings to the dentist, to the patient and to the tooth itself. The life of an endodontically treated tooth depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis and planning, excellence of disinfection, instrumentation and filling procedures (antimicrobial strategies, root canal shaping and coronal and apical seal) and finally the rehabilitation management. The interpretation of constant or intermittent pain and/or discomfort associated with apical periodontitis (AP) in endodontically treated tooth may be suggestive of endodontic failure. The success features of RCT, namely absence of pain, regression of AP, tight seal of canal and coronal spaces, and recovery of tooth function, must be reevaluated over time. In case of doubt between success and failure, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) could be indicated for detection and precise localization of AP. The possibility of map reading on CBCT images characterizes the real multidimensional structure, providing accurate information on the presence, absence or regression of AP. The survival of an endodontically treated tooth implies understanding the biological and mechanical outcomes as multifactorial events over the individual's life span. The objective of this review of literature is to discuss relevant factors associated with patient's health, tooth and dentist that could account for a successful RCT.
Carbamazepine for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a pilot study
Authors: Santana Thaiana Aragão , Cruz Felipe Melo , Trufelli Damila Cristina , Glasberg João , Del Giglio Auro
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Nausea and vomiting are major inconveniences for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Despite standard preventive treatment, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) still occurs in approximately 50% of these patients. In an attempt to optimize this treatment, we evaluated the possible effects of carbamazepine for prevention of CINV.DESIGN AND LOCATION: Prospective nonrandomized open-label phase II study carried out at a Brazilian public oncology service. METHODS: Patients allocated for their first cycle of highly emetogenic chemotherapy were continuously recruited. In addition to standard antiemetic protocol that was made available, they received carbamazepine orally, with staggered doses, from the third day before until the fifth day after chemotherapy. Considering the sparseness of evidence about the efficacy of anticonvulsants for CINV prevention, we used Simon's two-stage design, in which 43 patients should be included unless overall complete prevention was not achieved in 9 out of the first 15 entries. The Functional Living Index-Emesis questionnaire was used to measure the impact on quality of life.RESULTS:None of the ten patients (0%) presented overall complete prevention. In three cases, carbamazepine therapy was withdrawn because of somnolence and vomiting before chemotherapy. Seven were able to take the medication for the entire period and none were responsive, so the study was closed. There was no impact on the patients' quality of life.CONCLUSION: Carbamazepine was not effective for prevention of CINV and also had a deleterious side-effect profile in this population.
Genetic diversity among volunteer donors of bone marrow in southeastern Brazil, according to the HLA system
Authors: Roque Letícia Sarni , Telarolli-Junior Rodolpho , Loffredo Leonor Castro Monteiro
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Checking the histocompatibility of the molecules of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is vital for performing bone marrow transplantation with allogeneic material. The objective of this study was to characterize bone marrow donors according to gender, age, ethnicity and HLA groups at a regional hemotherapy center in Brazil.DESIGN AND SETTING:Descriptive study on registered donors at a regional hemotherapy center in a public university hospital in the southeastern region of Brazil.METHODS: The records of 66,780 donors who were registered between 2005 and June 2011 were consulted, and the variables studied were tabulated.RESULTS:There were equal numbers of male and female donors and 82.8% of them were under 45 years of age. In terms of ethnicity, 77.3% declared themselves to be white, 15.0% mixed race, 5.7% black and 2% others. In terms of immunogenetic characterization, the most frequent HLA-A allelic group was HLA-A*02, with 39.20% of the donors; in the HLA-B allelic group, the most common was HLA-B*35, with 14.18%; while in the HLA-DRB1 allelic group, the most frequent was HLA-DRB1*03, with 17.03%. Comparison between these results and data from the Brazilian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME) showed that there were demographic and immunogenetic differences due to the history of immigration in the region of Ribeirão Preto, in southeastern Brazil.CONCLUSIONS: The results reinforce the importance of understanding the demographic and immunogenic profile of regions of Brazil, in order to reduce the waiting time for a histocompatible donor.
Evaluating psychiatric case-control studies using the STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology) statement
Authors: Goi Pedro Domingues , Goi Julia Domingues , Cordini Kariny Larissa , Ceresér Keila Mendes , Rocha Neusa Sica da
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Case-control studies are important in developing clinical and public health knowledge. The STROBE statement (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology) was developed to establish a checklist of items that should be included in articles reporting observational studies. Our aim was to analyze whether the psychiatric case-control articles published in Brazilian journals with CAPES Qualis rating B1/B2 in 2009 conformed with the STROBE statement.DESIGN AND SETTING:Descriptive study on psychiatric papers published in Brazilian journals, within the Postgraduate Medical Program on Psychiatry, at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.METHODS:All psychiatric case-control studies from Brazilian Qualis B1/B2 journals of psychiatry, neurology and public health in 2009 were analyzed. The four most specific items of the STROBE statement were used to evaluate whether these studies fitted within the case-control parameters: 1) selection of cases and controls; 2) controlling for bias; 3) statistical analysis; and 4) presentation of results.RESULTS:Sixteen case-control studies were identified, of which eleven (68.75%) were in psychiatry-focused journals. From analysis using the STROBE statement, all of the articles conformed with item 1; two (12.5%) completely conformed with item 2; none completely conformed with item 3; and only three (18.8%) conformed with item 4.CONCLUSION:The case-control studies analyzed here did not completely conform with the four STROBE statement items for case-control design. In view of the inadequate methodology of the published studies, these findings justify focusing on research and methodology and expanding the investigations on adherence of studies to their designs.
Circunstâncias que envolvem o suicídio de pessoas idosas
Authors: Sousa Girliani Silva de , Silva Raimunda Magalhães da , Figueiredo Ana Elisa Bastos , Minayo Maria Cecília de Souza , Vieira Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza
Published: April 2014

O trabalho analisa experiências e relações familiares que antecederam o suicídio de idosos. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com método de autópsia psicossocial. Contempla casos de 16 idosos que cometeram suicídio entre 2006 a 2009 em três municípios do Nordeste Brasileiro. À luz da Análise de Conteúdo, elucidaram-se as categorias: experiências que antecederam o suicídio de pessoas idosas e enunciação do suicídio pelo idoso aos seus componentes familiares. Destacam-se os fatores associados ao suicídio: alterações de humor e expressões de estados depressivos, conflitos familiares permeados por dificuldades financeiras, e uso abusivo de álcool e ideação suicida por anunciação do desejo de antecipar seu fim. Tornam-se necessários o olhar abrangente e o ouvir reflexivo sobre o idoso por parte dos agentes sociais, familiares, amigos e diversos setores, especificamente o setor saúde, gestores e profissionais que provoquem mudanças significativas na dinâmica do serviço.
O apoio institucional como uma das faces da função apoio no Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF): para além das diretrizes
Authors: Moura Renata Heller de , Luzio Cristina Amélia
Published: April 2014

O propósito deste trabalho é incrementar o debate sobre o NASF, a partir de uma reflexão acerca da função apoio. A palavra apoio é, geralmente, apresentada, em documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e em publicações acadêmico-científicas, acompanhada por descritores que a caracterizam. É comum encontrarmos diferentes terminologias: “apoio institucional”, “apoio à gestão”, “apoio matricial”. Quanto ao NASF, publicações examinadas destacam a centralidade do desempenho do apoio matricial. No entanto, nos perguntamos: quais as faces que a função apoio vem assumindo na implementação deste programa? Para refletir sobre essa e outras questões, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo em uma equipe de NASF, no interior do Paraná, utilizando-nos das ferramentas metodológicas: observação participante, entrevista semiestruturada e grupos de discussão. Procuramos demonstrar que a dinâmica da função apoio no NASF permite a emergência tanto do apoio matricial quanto do apoio institucional.
Recepção estética de apresentações teatrais com atores com história de sofrimento psíquico
Authors: Milhomens Aline Ernandes , Lima Elizabeth Maria Freire de Araújo
Published: April 2014

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com público de grupos teatrais que possuem, em seu elenco, atores com histórico de sofrimento psíquico, visando investigar, a partir do estudo da recepção estética dessas obras, o que o encontro entre arte, loucura e sociedade produz. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com públicos de três espetáculos teatrais, utilizando-se um roteiro de questões a fim de se compreender a relação estabelecida pelo público com essas produções, o sentido atribuído a elas e seu potencial de transformação cultural em torno da loucura. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio do método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A análise evidenciou o potencial do teatro de tecer o “fio” de conexão entre loucura e sociedade e indicou que a recepção estética, ao compor uma experiência, pode ser grande aliada no trabalho de transformação cultural e social do imaginário em torno da loucura.
Mobbing of Working Students
Authors: Jacoby Alessandra Rodrigues , Monteiro Janine Kieling
Published: April 2014

Workplace mobbing has become a common topic. Taking into account the increasing reports of this act, this study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of mobbing in relation to university students who work and also ascertaining the most frequent biosociodemographic and work characteristics of the group of workers who were mobbed. The sample was composed of 457 working students living in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and usedas instruments a Biosociodemographic and Employment questionnaire and the Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ). It could be observed that 89.3% of the students had a mobbing score according to the NAQ – objective measure. As per the subjective measure, 11.2% of the participants stated to having beenmobbed. High rates of the practice of hostile acts in the workplace can be noted, but these are often viewed as mundane and normal acts in the workplace. In conclusion, it is necessary to seek alternatives in order to overcome this problem, which already affects a significant number of workers.