bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH OF SCIENTIFIC MEASURES IN THE FIELD OF DATA GOVERNANCE BASED ON PUBLICATION ACTIVITY IN THE RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC CITATION INDEX AND SCOPUS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Sharipova V. D.
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of publication activity in the field of data governance based on the Russian Science Citation Index and Scopus database. This area is relevant in application for leaders of digital transformation, for whom it is important to form a data infrastructure, support their error-free, unambiguous, and introduce definitions of terms. The paper presents a retrospective analysis of the intensity of publication and presents the authors and titles of articles with the highest citations. Key words: data governance, analysis of publications, Scopus, database, digital transformation.
Climate Law and Its Skeptics: Whither Protection of the Atmosphere?
Authors: Sand Peter H.
Published: June 2021

‘Climate change law’ is considered by a number of legal scholars as an emergent novel discipline. The question, then, is whether the advent (and future prospect) of climate change has resulted in a coherent autonomous new body of law, be it a nascent one; or is it nothing more or less than the application of existing national and international environmental law to climatic problems? It is perhaps worth recalling that international environmental law itself only ascended to the rank of a recognized discipline of its own in the 1990s, over considerable academic scepticism at the time. Not un-similarly, the ongoing new project of the UN International Law Commission (ILC) for the drafting of guidelines on “protection of the atmosphere” has met with resistance from a few powerful States claiming that there is no need for further codification of international law in this field. Yet, considering our common interest in conserving the quality of the Earth’s atmosphere and climate, the ILC project may indeed encourage further development of a concept of inter-generational “planetary trusteeship”, owed by States as public trustees to present and future citizens as the beneficiaries.
Synthesis, characterization and photo-Fenton catalytic activity of magnetic CuFe2O4/Fe2O3 materials
Authors: Phan Van Hung , Tran Thi Thu Uyen , Le Tien Khoa
Published: June 2021

In this work, we proposed to immobilize Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the surface of magnetic CuFe2O4 particles by a facile impregnation – annealing method at different annealing temperatures (200, 300, 400 and 500°C) in order to create new heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts with enhanced catalytic performance for the oxidation of organic dyes. The influences of annealing temperatures used in the synthesis procedure on the phase composition, the morphology, the particle size and the surface functional groups of our catalysts were investigated by XRD, FE-SEM and FTIR techniques, respectively. The photo-Fenton catalytic performance was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue under both UVA and visible light illumination in the presence of H2C2O4 as radical-producing source. According to the experimental results, Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully coated on CuFe2O4 surface, which successfully formed the α-Fe2O3 phase in the phase composition and also increased the Fe3+ content on the surface. As a consequence, the rate constant of photo-Fenton catalytic degradation of methylene blue over these samples were clearly improved. More especially, owing to the good magnetic property of CuFe2O4 component, our CuFe2O4/Fe2O3 samples were easy to be separated from the solution by a magnet, making them more feasible in practical applications of environmental treatment. Among our catalytic samples, the CuFe2O4/Fe2O3 sample annealed at 300°C showed the best performance with the highest rate constants under both UVA light and visible light. Its catalytic activities was found to be 6.8 times higher than CuFe2O4 under UVA light and 2.1 times higher than CuFe2O4 under visible light. However, when the annealing temperature was up to 500°C, the catalytic activity was reduced, which can be explained by the growth of particles and the stabilization of surface Fe-O bonds.
Parties of Republic of Kazakhstan in political spectrum
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Omarov M.E.
Published: June 2021

This article defines the main ideological positions of Kazakhstani political parties, expressed in the form of their display on the graphic political spectrum, developed by the psychologist Hans Eysenck. The concept of the political spectrum is given, the main types of political spectrum that exist and are used at present, as well as their authors, are determined. The necessity of using Eysenck’s graphic political spectrum as the most rational way of placing political ideologies in the form of geometric models is substantiated. The analysis of the program documents of the political parties of the Republic of Kazakhstan, because of which information was obtained about their ideological affiliation, for their further distribution on the spectrum. The parties are distributed along the political spectrumin accordance with their ideological guidelines, as indicated in the officially approved political programs. The distribution of parties was carried out using two dichotomies: left-wing – right-wing and authoritarian-democracy.
Economic relations of the EU with the countries of Central Asia
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, Chizhmodii Y.I. , Tokar P.V. ,   Uzhhorod National University
Published: June 2021

The international cooperation that takes place between the countries of the EU and Central Asia is important from both political and economic points of view. Central Asia is an important partner for the European Union due to its advantageous geographic location between Europe and Asia. Therefore, the EU, as well as the neighboring countries of Central Asia are striving to establishclose ties with this region. Based on the analysis of the data, the article argues that due to the presence of a powerful resource base, the subjects under consideration have all the opportunities for the development of the economy at a high level. Cooperation with foreign partners, well-chosen development priorities, projects to improve the transport infrastructure can make this macro-region one ofthe largest economic giants in the world.
Key trends during the implementation of the "One belt and one road" initiative
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Shaikova A. , Ospanova А. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Sergazin Y. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: June 2021

At the «One Belt and One Road» forum held in Beijing on May 14-15, 2017, Chinese Leader Xi Jinping formulated the basic principles of «Chinese new vision of globalization». These are the principles of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, social order and respect for the interests of all countries along the way. Dialogue, not confrontation, partnership, not rivalry. Within the framework of the project, China is creating an open platform for cooperation and a favorable investmentenvironment. Trade is an essential component of globalization and economic growth. It is on the basis of these assumptions that China calls for protecting multilateral trade relations and facilitating the simplification of customs and transit procedures. Investment «ou ts ide» will allow Chin a n ot on ly to s ign ifican tly expan d the e xpor t mar ke t, bu t als o to be come a strong argument for theinternationalization ofChinese currency. In general, we are talking about maximizing the use of integration processes in the Eurasian space for the development of China’s national economy. At the same time, China for the first time provided a strategic program for the creation of a land trade route, aimed at completely reformatting trade and economic processes on the continent, creating completely new geopolitical and geo-economic ties. The ongoing processes of globalization are gradually transforming the very concept of «landlocked country» into the definition of»country connected by land transport arteries»
New opportunities of Adaptation of Kazakhstan TV channels to the YouTube platform
Authors:   International University of Information Technology, Kaliazhdarova Sh.Y. , Niyazgulova A.A. ,   International University of Information Technology
Published: June 2021

Now Kazakhstani TV channels are adapting to the digital environment. However, they have not yet fully understood the capabilities and requirements of the new environment. There are undoubtedly different problems. According to television experts, the number of viewers on traditional channels is decreasing per year. The youth audience is completely excluded from television. The main reason for this is the increase in the number of YouTube channels. Most of the electronic media have opened their own channels on this platform. But, TV channels can only broadcast their programmes online. However, the YouTube hosting requirements for video content are different. From this point of view, we are looking for scientific answers to the question of what prevents the improvement of the online network of domestic channels, why small production studios cannot take over YouTube. The results of the study show that domestic TV channels have done a great job in this network. TV channels on YouTube are mainly focused on information products. And given that online audiences are interested in entertainment content, channels will have to do some research in that direction. The article also provides a scientific opinion on this matter. The study also provides a scientific analysis of the main factors contributing to the development of Kazakhlanguage channels on YouTube.
Training for journalism teacher in the master’s program
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Korkonosenko S.G.
Published: June 2021

The author reveals the conceptual foundations and content of the training course on teaching journalism, which is taught in the master’s program. The article uses the experience of Saint Petersburg State University as a material for analysis. Journalism education is presented as an integrated complex that combines multi-sided social and humanitarian enlightenment, translation of progressive professional ideology and practical training. The course shows the impact of a number of interrelated factors on education. The author characterizes one after another the following factors: normative (laws and official standards of education), personnel (body and qualifications of teachers), professional and practical (industry requests), audience (characteristics of students), and organizational and methodological. None of them can be considered dominant, while each of them dictates some educational parameters that should be taken into account
Genre and stylistic features of Nurtore Zhusip’s journalism
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ashirbekova G.Sh. , Murat А.М. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes creative skills, and in general the works of Nurtore Zhusip. The article highlights current articles of the publicist, his creative laboratory is studied. In the course of writing articles, there has been identified topical problems of society based on his journalistic works. Special attention has been paid to topical issues that the publicist raises in his works. In the article you can also get acquainted with the thoughts of the luminaries of journalism, who followed and were inspired by the work of Nurtore Zhusip. Using the thoughts and analysis of scientists in the field of journalism, the creative personality of the publicist is highlighted. In the course of studying and researching there is revealed creative heritage of the publicist, the main idea of his works.
Design and Characteristics of Microfocus X-ray Source with Sealed Tube and Transmissive Target on Diamond Window
Authors: Tsunoda Takaaki , Tsukamoto Takeo , Ando Yoichi , Hamamoto Yasuhiro , Ikarashi Yoichi , Nagasato Satoshi , Ueda Kazuyuki
Published: June 2021

Electronic devices such as medical instruments implanted in the human body and electronic control units installed in automobiles have a large impact on human life. The electronic circuits in these devices require highly reliable operation. Radiographic testing has recently been in strong demand as a nondestructive way to help ensure high reliability. Companies that use high-density micrometer-scale circuits or lithium-ion batteries require high speed and high magnification inspection of all parts. The authors have developed a new X-ray source supporting these requirements. The X-ray source has a sealed tube with a transmissive target on a diamond window that offers advantages over X-ray sources having a sealed tube with a reflective target. The X-ray source provides high-power-density X-ray with no anode degradation and a longer shelf life. In this paper, the authors will summarize X-ray source classification relevant to electronic device inspection and will detail X-ray source performance requirements and challenges. The paper will also elaborate on technologies employed in the X-ray source including tube design implementations for high-power-density X-ray, high resolution, and high magnification simultaneously; reduced system downtime for automated X-ray inspection; and reduced dosages utilizing quick X-ray on-and-off emission control for protection of sensitive electronic devices.
Resonance Bond Testing: Theory and Application
Authors: Watkins Stetson , Bittner James
Published: June 2021

Resonance bond testing is a nondestructive testing (NDT) technique that is used to detect disbonds, delaminations, and other voids in composite materials. The aerospace industry has seen an increase in the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) for aircraft and spacecraft construction. Composite materials offer many advantages over traditional metallic structures, which include weight savings, increased strength, design for specific load paths, and the ability to easily construct geometrically complex structures. Resonance bond testing has many established uses for metallic structures as well, such as aluminum skin-to-skin and skin-to-core bonds. This bond testing technique has been around for many decades but is used by only a small portion of the NDT community. Ultrasonic testing (UT), specifically phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT), using linear array techniques has proven to be a reliable method for the inspection of CFRP laminates. When composite structures do not permit the use of high-frequency sound waves due to rapid attenuation, resonance bond testing is a proven alternative. In this paper, the authors will discuss the theory behind resonance bond testing and how it has and continues to play an important role in the NDT industry.
A különleges mentési felszerelések biztonságos használatának elemzése statisztikai módszerekkel : I. rész
Authors: Jackovics Péter
Published: June 2021

A katasztrófák és a balesetek fokozódó extrémitása miatt a mentési műveletek egyre összetettebbé váltak, ez pedig mind elméleti mind pedig gyakorlati szempontból jobbanfelkészült mentési szakszemélyzetet kíván meg. Komoly problémát jelent, hogy a különleges mentéseknél alkalmazott eszközök használatának módszerei sok esetben csupán „szájhagyomány” alapján terjednek, miközben a gyártók által a kifejlesztett eszközpark viszont dinamikusan fejlődik. A mentési felszerelések ilyen mértékű változása a kötéltechnikával végzett mentések esetében is jól megfigyelhető, ahol a biztonságos eszközhasználatnak fokozottan kell érvényesülni.A tanulmány célja, hogy egy erre a célra tervezett kérdőíves kutatás eredményeinek matematikai statisztikai feldolgozása alapján egyfelől megválaszolja azt a kérdést, hogy a felhasználók hogyan ítélik meg három kiválasztott konkrét kötéltechnikai eszköz biztonságos használhatóságát, másrészt pedig erre támaszkodva biztonságnövelő javaslatokat fogalmazzon meg ezen eszközök használatával kapcsolatban. A tanulmányom  első részében a Mann-Whitney próba és a Spearman-féle rangkorreláció eredményeit elemzem.
Az önkéntes szervezetek lehetséges szerepe a környezeti káresemények megelőzésében és az ellenük való rezíliencia kialakításában
Authors: Leskó György
Published: June 2021

A környezetvédelem kérdése napjainkban a fókuszba került, hiszen gyermekeink jövőjenagyban függ attól, hogy meg tudjuk-e őrizni számukra az élethez szükséges természetikincseket. A környezet-szennyezést okozó káresemények száma évről évre nő, egyre több formában és módon veszélyeztetjük a környezetünket. Az éghajlatváltozás ezt a helyzetet súlyosbítja. A társadalom alapvető érdeke, a fenntartható fejlődés biztosítása. A környezeti ártalmak elleni védekezés leghatásosabb eszköze a megelőzés, ami széles társadalmi támogatás és az önkéntes szervezetek tevékenysége nélkül napjainkban már nem valósítható meg sikeresen. Ugyanez elmondható a rendkívüli események kialakulásakor a károk felszámolását célzó tevékenységre is. A szerző, a cikkben vizsgálja, hogy milyen szerepük lehet az önkéntes szervezeteknek a  megelőzés és a veszélyeztető tényezőkkel szembeni reziliencia kialakításában, és hogyanfejleszthetők humán-erőforrás tekintetében.
Radarok elektronikai védelme II.
Authors: Szökrény Zoltán
Published: June 2021

A radarok rádióelektronikai zavarás elleni védelme napjaink kiemelt kutatási területe. A radarok üzemszerű működésük közben a természetes zavarforrásokon kívül, harci körülmények között, szándékos radar performancia csökkentő hatásoknak vannak kitéve. A külső zajok, zavarok a hatékony céltárgy detektálás valószínűségét csökkentik vagy akár lehetetlenné is teszik. A cikk áttekinti a radarok antennáival megvalósítható zavarszűrő eljárásokat. A tanulmány első része ismertette a katonai alkalmazástechnika elméleti lehetőségeit, elvárásait, számításait. A folytatás a különböző harcászati eljárások hatékonyságát, lehetőségeit mutatja be és a berendezések működését biztosító matematikai levezetésekkel és gyakorlati alkalmazási módszerekkel igazolja megvalósíthatóságukat.
A biztonsági rendszerek felhasználói attitűdje, értékelése és befolyásolásának lehetőségei
Authors: Otti Csaba , Valociková Cyntia
Published: June 2021

A biztonsági vezetők nap mint nap szembesülnek a biztonsági rendszerek bevezetésének kihívásaival. Minden biztonsági fejlesztés kulcspontja, hogy a felhasználók képesek és hajlandók-e megfelelően használni a rendszert. Biometrikus rendszer bevezetésénél további problémát jelent, hogy az algoritmusok valószínűségi változókkal dolgoznak, így a felhasználók sosem lehetnek biztosak abban, hogy 100% pontossággal azonosítja őket az eszköz, így téves elutasítások keletkeznek. A felhasználói elfogadottságot jelentősen befolyásolja a felhasználók attitűdje, ezen belül az előítéletek és a tévhitek is. A felhasználói attitűd és viselkedés komolyan befolyásolható megfelelő tréninggel, illetve az elköteleződés javításával. Ezek a tényezők hatékonyan javíthatók a véleményvezérek azonosításával és a projektbe történő bevonásával. Az azonosítás történhet szociometriai felméréssel. Jelen tanulmányban megismertetem a biztonsági vezetőkkel ezeket a módszereket annak érdekében, hogy képesek legyenek a bevezetendő biztonsági rendszer elfogadottságát növelni és biztosítani a projekt sikerét.
New Tendencies in Global Climate Change and Their Effects on the Climate of Hungary
Authors: Földi László , Halász László
Published: June 2021

Defining the term of climate, we investigate the role of natural causes and effects of human activities in climate change. The temperature of the Earth is determined by the balance between the amount of radiation energy received from the Sun and that emitted from the surface of the Earth towards the outer space. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides, act to make the surface much warmer, because they absorb and emit heat energy in all directions (including downwards), keeping Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere warm. The primary cause of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, which emits greenhouse gases into the atmosphere – primarily carbon dioxide. We give a review about the activity of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the United Nations Climate Change Conferences. Shortly investigate the different global climate models and some regional climate models. Finally discuss the results of regional climate model simulations for the Carpathian Basin.
Kártékony programok terjedése social engineering technikákon keresztül
Authors: Deák Veronika
Published: June 2021

Napjainkban az infokommunikációs technológiák robbanásszerű fejlődésének köszönhetően egyre fejlettebb, hatékonyabb és eredményesebb támadási alternatívák jelennek meg. A különféle támadási technikák manapság már sokrétűek, egyik jellemző formájuk az emberi tényező és az infokommunikációs eszközök gyengeségeit, illetve sérülékenységeit együttesen kihasználó támadási módszer a social engineering. Ez a technika az ember megtévesztésével, kihasználásával és manipulálásával teszi lehetővé belső és bizalmas információk megszerzését vagy akár egy infokommunikációs eszköz kártékony programmal történő megfertőzését. Az alábbi közlemény az IT alapú social engineering technikákkal, valamint, az ezen támadási módszerek által terjedő kártékony programokkal foglalkozik. A tanulmányban a szerző rávilágít a kártékony programok segítségével megvalósuló támadások alkalmazhatóságával, hatékonyságával, eredményességével és a támadás végrehajtásának technikai hátterével kapcsolatos ismeretekre.
Az Állami Egészségügyi Tartalék helyzete napjainkban
Authors: Haláchy Enikő
Published: June 2021

A biztonság átfogó megközelítése, a veszélyhelyzetek és válsághelyzetek kezelése és felszámolása kapcsán felmerülő katonai–, katasztrófavédelmi– és civil együttműködés meghatározó eleme az Állami Egészségügyi Tartalék.  Az ismertetésen túl, a cikk az Állami Egészségügyi Tartalék elhelyezkedését vizsgálja a védelmi célú tartalékok, és a katasztrófák elleni védekezés rendszerében.
Aplikasi Recovery Tidal Model dalam Pemberian Relaxation Therapy Pada Resiko Perilaku Kekerasan
Authors: Diorarta Raphita , Susanti Herni
Published: June 2021

Emotional problems are a symptom of violent behavior. Interaction of nerve activity between the hypothalamus, limbic structures (amygdala and hyppocampus), and the higher cortical centers which are psychophysiological events of emotion in the human system. The purpose of this case study is to see the application of Tidal Model recovery in mental health in the provision of relaxation therapy. The search method used is a case study, and literature review. The author selects the analyzed journals to find the effectiveness of relaxation therapy against the risk of violent behavior and a journal on recovery that links therapeutic communication between nurses and patients. In the discussion of this paper, the sub-theme of therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients is found and also the self-awareness of patients who are part of the Tidal Model. By implementing relaxation therapy with the Tidal Model approach, there is a reduction in signs and symptoms in patients. Recommendations for nurses are able to become more empathetic nurses in implementing therapy and can support and encourage patient awareness in carrying out therapies that will bring patients into recovery.
La ricostruzione del paesaggio a Cipro e il productive relief di Patrick Geddes
Authors: Albrecht Benno
Published: June 2021

Alla fine del XIX secolo Patrick Geddes, tra i piu importanti pensatori del suo tempo sui temi urbani, compie un viaggio a Cipro dove sviluppa una strategia di intervento che nella sua visione possa assumere un carattere di esemplarita per l'intero Impero coloniale britannico e per i territori del medio oriente. Attraverso nuove tecnologie di gestione delle acque e di irrigazione diviene possibile innescare processi positivi di tipo economico, produttivo e sociale. In questo modo la garanzia della pace e direttamente legata all'uso accorto delle risorse naturali e sociali tracciando un percorso possibile, mai completamente esplorato.
Il valore fiduciario del denaro e la razionalizzazione della violenza europea (secoli XV-XVIII)
Authors: Todeschini Giacomo
Published: June 2021

La crescita europea dell'economia finanziaria e delle banche come isti-tuzioni pubbliche è accompagnata fra XV e XVII secolo da un accen-tuarsi del carattere esclusivo della cittadinanza. Questo fenomeno politico-economico è caratterizzato, nello stesso periodo, da una moltipli-cazione degli elaborati teorici finalizzati alla giustificazione della violenza e della guerra nei confronti di quanti non potessero essere riconosciuti come membri della società europea che si andava rappresentando come soggetto razionale collettivo unificato da specifiche regole economiche, politiche e religiose.
Consumi di pregio nel Quattrocento milanese: storicità e problemi della stima
Authors: Nadia Covini Maria
Published: June 2021

La stima del valore di beni appartenenti alle diverse categorie del con-sumo cospicuo poteva essere complicata da vari fattori, come l'eterogeneità dei pezzi e della loro qualità, o i cambiamenti del gusto e delle mode in vista di modelli di distinzione sociale. Con riferimento alla Lombardia del secondo Quattrocento, lo scritto considera il mo-mento della stima e delle sue valenze (legale, economica, morale e so-ciale), e riguarda alcune categorie significative di beni di lusso come gioie e pezzi di abbigliamento, libri manoscritti e a stampa, oggetti anti-chi e oggetti d'arte, per analizzare alcune peculiarità delle procedure di stima e individuare i più importanti cambiamenti rilevabili nel tempo; e per stabilire, inoltre, chi fossero le persone e le expertises ritenute adat-te a valutare le diverse tipologie di beni.
Pratiche dello scambio nella Terraferma veneta rinascimentale: il ruolo dei beni denaro-equivalenti nel mercato del credito urbano e agrario
Authors: Scuro Rachele
Published: June 2021

L'articolo confronta l'impiego dei beni denaro equivalenti nel mercato del credito urbano e agrario della Terraferma Veneta rinascimentale, attraverso i casi della città di Vicenza e del centro minore di Bassano. Per entrambi sia il mercato del credito regolamentato che ufficioso si basavano su oggetti e materie prime. Da un lato i prestatori ebrei fon-davano i loro guadagni su una vantaggiosa stima dei pegni e l'essere ripagati in merci. Dall'altro, la parte cristiana cui era vietata la pratica usuraria, utilizzava forme di credito mascherato basate sul possesso della terra e la rendita. Entrambi provano come i profitti scaturissero da un sapiente uso del baratto, che si dimostra un mezzo efficiente in un contesto in cui l'indebitamento era strutturale, diffuso e aiutava la creazione di "denaro virtuale" e investimenti.
Denaro, monete-merce e merci-moneta. Una storia economica e sociale
Authors: Romani Marina
Published: June 2021

Questo saggio si focalizza sulle pratiche monetarie delle società di antico regime e sul ruolo che, in quell'ambito, svolgevano i consumi cospicui, le monete in oro o argento e la moneta di conto. La prima parte esamina come la possibilità di trasformare in moneta (attraverso la fusione, lo scambio, o il pegno) gli oggetti realizzati in metallo prezioso permetteva loro di svolgere funzioni monetarie. La seconda parte analizza come queste pratiche fossero facilitate anche dai tentativi di conservare una fungibilità tecnica tra questi beni e i conî mentre la moneta di conto nazionale era lo strumento che doveva esplicitare il legame tra valore e prezzi.
Una sovranità limitata. Monete coloniali e tallero di Maria Teresa in Eritrea ed Etiopia
Authors: Luca Podestà Gian
Published: June 2021

La creazione di una nuova valuta per le colonie italiane in Africa orientale era guidata da varie ragioni: a) affermare il dominio politico; b) ridurre i costi di transazione; c) costruire l'economia coloniale. Gli eritrei rifiutarono le nuove monete coloniali. Essi forzarono il governo a usare i talleri di Maria Teresa. L'antica valuta austriaca era fusa in oggetti preziosi, i quali costituivano i risparmi delle famiglie. Queste pratiche monetarie erano simili a quelle dell'Ancien Régime in Europa. La persistenza della circolazione dei talleri suggerisce la continuità e la rilevanza di un'economia indipendente e di spazi sociali che contrad-dicevano l'intenzione coloniale di organizzare uno stabile e controllato sistema monetario.
Dal «baratto» al mobile money: limiti e pregiudizi di un'interpretazione evoluzionistica dei sistemi monetari africani
Authors: Pallaver Karin
Published: June 2021

Questo saggio analizza le principali interpretazioni storiografiche dei sistemi monetari africani. Esaminando alcuni casi studio specifici esso si propone di decostruire i principali pregiudizi che hanno caratterizzato queste interpretazioni. La prima parte analizza il concetto di «baratto» e la sua applicabilità al contesto africano. La seconda si concentra sulle valute precoloniali, in gran parte valute-merce, e decostruisce il cosiddetto «mito della paccottiglia». La terza parte esamina il processo di transizione dalle valute precoloniali a quelle europee durante il periodo coloniale. L'ultima parte, infine, evidenzia alcuni aspetti del forte valore simbolico attribuito alle valute del periodo post-indipendenza e conclude con una breve disamina del mobile money che negli ultimi anni si è sviluppato in maniera esponenziale in diverse aree del continente. L'approccio di lunga durata impiegato dal saggio permette di dimostrare la dinamicità delle pratiche monetarie delle società africane e la loro capacità di adattamento e innovazione.
Sindacato e trasparenza finanziaria in prospettiva comparata
Authors: Cristofolini Chiara
Published: June 2021

L'articolo affronta il problema della trasparenza finanziaria dei sindacati italiani nella prospettiva comparata. Sollecitata dalle ricerche sociologiche più recenti che argomentano la necessità di un intervento eteronomo, l'analisi approfondisce la disciplina legislativa sul profilo economico delle organizzazioni sindacali vigente nel Regno Unito, in Francia e in Spagna. Dall'esame di questi sistemi, il saggio trae rilevanti spunti di riflessione per la definizione di un intervento promozionale che colleghi l'attribuzione di benefici e poteri legislativamente riconosciuti all'osservanza di taluni requisiti di trasparenza.
La mobilità da collettiva a individuale e le origini dello squilibrio a favore del motore (1946-1970)
Authors: Maggi Stefano
Published: June 2021

Dopo la Seconda guerra mondiale, si verificò nella mobilità un cambiamento di prospettiva. L'autore sostiene che lo scopo principale per lo Stato e per gli enti locali passò dalla garanzia del servizio di trasporto collettivo alla realizzazione e manutenzione di infrastrutture, dove gli Italiani potessero muoversi e sostare con i propri veicoli individuali. Eppure, all'inizio del periodo preso in esame, si discuteva di tutt'altro, con al centro del dibattito "tra-sportistico" il tema del coordinamento fra rotaia e strada, dunque fra treni e tram da una parte, camion e pullman dall'altra. A metà anni Cinquanta arrivò l'automobile utilitaria e si cominciò la costruzione dell'Autostrada del So-le, verso il 1958 la policy dei trasporti virò verso la mobilità privata. In pochi anni si diffusero migliaia di veicoli a motore, che spinsero a costruire sempre più strade e poi sempre più parcheggi, cambiando paesaggi e cambiando anche la percezione dello spazio pubblico, occupato sempre più dagli autoveicoli in sosta o in movimento.
Razza e inconscio: un approccio psicoanalitico al razzismo interno
Authors: Diena Simonetta
Published: June 2021

Viviamo in un mondo dove politicamente e culturalmente ci si oppone, in larga maggio-ranza, al razzismo e alle differenze. Eppure, contemporaneamente, il razzismo continua ad esi-stere e i suoi effetti si riverberano in modo più o meno esplicito su molti aspetti della vita so-ciale e politica. Questo articolo si propone di andare al di là di una prospettiva limitata alla realtà esterna, storica e materiale, e di considerare invece la questione da un punto di vista psicoanalitico. La questione del razzismo scorre al di fuori ed in parallelo al discorso cosciente e una ricerca in tal senso, del perché continui ad esistere una così potente discriminazione tra il Sé e l'altro-da-Sé in termini negativi, deve svolgersi a livello psicoanalitico, ovvero nel cercare di capire quali meccanismi e strutture si attivano nella stereotipizzazione razziale a livello inconscio. Seconda-riament, bisogna essere consapevoli che ci muoviamo ad un livello preverbale e quasi mai ver-bale: nel discorso cosciente non ci si sofferma a discutere ciò che sembra apparentemente ov-vio, e cioè l'uguaglianza, ma piuttosto si passa all'agito, discriminando in modo sottile l'altro da te. Questo articolo intende affrontare la questione razziale in un senso ampio, come una ri-cerca psicoanalitica di per sé. Esiste un'organizzazione razzista interna della mente? E può coe-sistere con un sistema cosciente che respinge le discriminazioni?
Estranea o straniera? Lingua e filiazione nella migrazione
Authors: De Vita Clelia
Published: June 2021

Nel passaggio linguistico ad una nuova cultura, è possibile abitare più lingue con parti di-verse di Sé. Nelle famiglie migranti, la lingua modella l'identità dei membri della famiglia, agendo anche sui legami e sulla loro trasmissione. La lingua straniera, non permette di tradurre le memorie sensoriali infantili appartenenti al Sé del genitore. Nel caso esemplificato, la madre si è trovata a vivere due diverse esperienze di maternità, caratterizzate dall'uso di due lingue. L'uso della lingua straniera ha ostacolato la creazione di una relazione intima tra la madre e la figlia secondogenita. Esclusa per scelta materna dall'uso della lingua madre, la bambina è di-venuta l'"estranea familiare". L'ascolto analitico ha permesso di rintracciare le "quote di estraneità" presenti nella relazione madre-bambina l'eco dei vissuti conflittuali della madre nella propria esperienza di figlia, dissociati nell'uso della lingua straniera.
Among Us. L'estraneità in una famiglia adottiva con figli adolescenti nel corso di una psicoterapia familiare online
Authors: Corsi Carla
Published: June 2021

L'incontro con l'altro ci impone un lavoro psichico complesso, per i genitori questo lavoro di trasformazione inizia con la nascita del figlio che li confronta con il tema dell'estraneità e che si rinnova poi nel periodo dell'adolescenza. In questo lavoro l'autrice si interroga sul ruolo del confronto con l'estraneità come elemen-to costitutivo del passaggio alla pubertà. Tale aspetto viene osservato, presentando il materiale clinico di una famiglia adottiva con due figli adolescenti. Per le famiglie adottive questo pas-saggio si articola attraverso varie vicissitudini in cui si intrecciano fenomeni evolutivi ed espe-rienze traumatiche, che rendono il lavoro stesso di elaborazione psichica molto delicato e com-plesso per l'intero nucleo familiare. In questo scritto il punto di vista teorico, da cui osservare questi delicati passaggi, è quello interpersonale che si occupa non solo dei processi intrapsichi-ci, ma si interessa anche alle relazioni e alle interazioni che circondano i soggetti.
Il perturbante
Authors: Rosso Chiara
Published: June 2021

L'autrice rivisita gli apporti classici freudiani e post-freudiani sul tema del perturbante e ne osserva le estensioni antropologiche (riti e malattia mentale in Senegal) nonchè alcune forme postmoderne, come i robot androidi.
The History of Eyewitness Testimony and the Foundations of the "Lie Detector" in Austria and Italy
Authors: Antonelli Mauro , Ludwig Sporer Siegfried
Published: June 2021

Although little known, the theoretical and methodological roots of lie detection, in particular of the development of the so-called "lie detector", must be placed in central Europe, in particular in Germany, Austria, and later in Italy at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Focusing on Austria and Italy, we trace this development from Hans Gross in Austria to Vittorio Benussi and his pupil Cesare L. Musatti in Italy. Benussi, initially active at the University of Graz and later at the University of Padua, was the mediating link between the Austrian and Italian legal psychology tradition.
Why testimony? Trauma, credibility, and the work of truth-telling
Authors: McMyler Benjamin
Published: June 2021

The act of testifying or truth-telling has important therapeutic potential for victims of trauma and oppression. Perhaps surprisingly, however, this potential can be compromised by an audience's taking an overly therapeutic stance towards victims. In aiming to be believed, to be deemed credible and trustworthy, victims of trauma and oppression aim to be granted the power and authority to settle for their audience questions concerning the truth of what happened. Being granted such power and authority can go some way towards restoring the agency and humanity that was attacked by the crimes perpetrated against them, but the nature of this power and authority is such that an audience cannot grant it at will as part of a victim-centered therapeutic project. The successful exercise of this power requires a distinctive and particularly demanding form of belief on the part of the audience, what I call deferential belief. Deferential belief requires that an audience grant the speaker the authority to settle for the audience questions concerning what is true, and as such it requires viewing the speaker as genuinely credible and trustworthy. Unfortunately, the social contexts in which truth-telling is so important are often contexts in which this demanding form of belief is difficult to achieve, no matter how much sympathetic listening and acknowledgment occurs.
Authors: Astuti Widia , Meirita Desi Nurseha , Novianty Tety
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of Coronavirus (COVID-19), which has reached pandemic status. Anxiety is an appropriate response to a threat, but it cannot be concluded that it is abnormal whose level does not match the portion of the threat or what it is. This study aims to influence peppermint aromatherapy on nurses during the Covid 19 pandemic at PMI Hospital, Bogor City in 2020 Method: The research design used in this study was Quasi experimental with One Group pretest posttest design, the number of samples in this study involved 32 respondents with purposive sampling technique. Data collection was obtained through distributing questionnaires. Results: based on the results of the T test statistics, from 32; respondents, getting the P Value 0.000 <α (0.05) means that there is an effect of Peppermint Aromatherapy on Nurses 'Anxiety Levels during the Covid Pandemic 19 Conclusion: There is an effect of Peppermint Aromatherapy on Nurses' Anxiety Levels during the Covid Pandemic 19
UJI KELAYAKAN INSTRUMEN UNTUK PENGUKURAN HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS MAHASISWA DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENGALAMAN BELAJAR LAPANGAN PADA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Susanti Rahmi , Martini Martini , Wati Agustina , Salsabilla Jihan Dinda
Published: June 2021

Pendahuluan:Peningkatan kasus covid-19 di Indonesia menjadikan pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk dapat melakukan semua aktivitas dirumah, termasuk proses pembelajaran, dan aktivitas akademik seperti Pengalaman Belajar Lapangan (PBL) berubah menjadi online. Hal tersebutmenjadi  suatu tantangan bagi mahasiswa untuk dapat menyelesaikan pendidikannya dengan baik. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan motivasi belajar dan dukungan keluarga terhadap produktivitas mahasiswa/i PBL di masa pandemi Covid-19 serta mengetahui hasil uji kelayakan pada instrumen yang digunakan. Metodologi:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 65 peserta Pengalaman Belajar Lapangan (PBL) Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Mulawarman tahun 2020 dengan menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen penelitian diuji menggunakan Content Validity Index (CVI). Data di analisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan uji korelasi Spearman Rank. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa CVI yang dihasilkan  ≤0.78. Pada akhirnya tercipta instrumen layak untuk digunakan serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara motivasi belajar terhadap produktivitas, namun terdapat hubungan positif antara dukungan keluarga terhadap produktivitas mahasiswa yang sedang melaksanakan PBL di masa pandemi(p-value= 0,033). Diskusi: Instrumen layak digunakan namun terdapat beberapa pertanyaan yang tidak digunakan karena hasil perhitungan CVI pada butir tersebut tidak valid. Hubungan yang terbentuk antara dukungan keluarga dengan produktivitas adalah hubungan yang positif walaupun memiliki korelasi yang lemah (r = 0,265).;
Kata Kunci: pandemi covid-19, kelayakan instrumen, produktivitas
Los impactos de la nueva política de salario mínimo. El caso de Jalisco y Baja California
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Ruíz José Maria , Gamez Frias Emilia
Published: June 2021

In 2019, a new minimum wage policy is promoted that configures two wage regions: the free zone of the northern border of Mexico and the rest of the country. For the first region an increase of 100 percent is authorized and for the second of 16.2 per-cent. Our objective is to analyze the impact that, in 2019, the differential increase of the minimum wage in the generation of new jobs of the salaried labor force (target population of the minimum wage) of Jalisco (emblematic entity of the rest of Mexico region) and of Baja California (entity of the region of the free zone of the northern border of Mexico) contrasting it with the national average in three levels: occupa-tional structure, sector and economic activity and by size of establishment, as well as by sex. The statistical evidence is processed by the national survey of occupation and employment (ineGi).
Inteligencia artificial ¿Dr. Jekyll o Mr. Hyde?
Authors: Cabanelas Omil José
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo analiza a la inteligencia artificial como una de las transformaciones más relevantes en el horizonte, y muy probablemente, la más relevante en el siglo XXI. En 2029 se calcula que se superará la prueba de Turing. La singularidad es el momento en el que las máquinas con inteligencia artificial superen a la red de cerebros humanos conectados, la creatividad científica y las habilidades sociales, y se alcanzará en el rango de 2030 a 2047 según apuntan diversos autores. Una cuestión trascendental es el rol de la inteligencia artificial en el progreso y el bienestar de las personas, abriéndose un amplio rango de potencialidades y de riesgos. Estos últimos son de tal relevancia que de no actuar ahora pueden generarse consecuencias dramáticas para la humanidad. De hecho, algunos investigadores manifiestan que el efecto de la inteligencia artificial, especialmente en fases avanzadas (súper inteligencia artificial), será de un impacto similar a la aparición de la vida, mucho más allá de las transformaciones que generó la revolución industrial.
Carta del editor
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez José
Published: June 2021

Mercados y Negocios presenta el número 40, conformado por seis artículos de investigación en el esfuerzo para ser un referente de la difusión y de la divulgación de resultados científicos en el campo de los negocios
Solvencia de planes de pensiones en universidades públicas de México
Authors: Gómez Hernández Denise , Castillo Flores Francisco Ivan
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en comprobar la vialidad y solvencia financiera de fondos para planes de pensiones en un grupo de universidades públicas en México. La metodología que se seleccionó es de tipo cuantitativo, mediante la comparación de las características de los planes de pensiones, así como en la simulación numérica del valor del fondo. Los resultados obtenidos son que dichas características son heterogéneas, con único elemento en común de que todos los planes son de beneficio definido y que cuentan con un fondo de pensiones. Las contribuciones varían en un rango de 0 a 4%; la edad de retiro de 60 y 65 años, con 4 universidades que no cuentan con este requisito y la antigüedad desde 20 hasta 35 años. La conclusión es que el costo actuarial de estos planes es extremadamente alto y que es necesaria la aportación de organismos externos para solventar estos planes.
Riesgo específico y riesgo sistemático
Authors: Gaytán Cortés Juan
Published: June 2021

El riesgo propio o específico afecta a un solo activo o un grupo pequeño de activos, este riesgo surge de las características específicas de la organización o empresa, así como de la naturaleza de su actividad productiva, sus competidores, su gestión gerencial, solvencia financiera etc. Y este tipo de riesgo también se le conoce como “No sistemático o Diversificable”, en este caso se puede eliminar de forma total o parcial de una cartera si esta se diversifica razón por la que el mercado no ofrece ninguna compensación por tolerar este riesgo.
Inversión en innovación: conductor de la generación de valor sustentable en empresas agroalimentarias
Authors: Cruz Reyes María Angélica
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar si la inversión en innovación de las empresas agroalimentarias que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores es un conductor para la generación de valor sustentable. Se analizaron las estrategias sobre la adopción de la sustentabilidad en empresas de la industria agroalimentaria, dadas las consecuencias por el cambio climático; después se examinaron las tendencias de consumo como elemento de contingencia para la innovación y finalmente, se usaron ecuaciones estructurales. Entre los resultados se encontró que las empresas sí invierten en innovación. Con la identificación de “inversión en innovación” como factor crítico se aporta evidencia que al diseñar estrategias de largo plazo para el desarrollo sustentable la organización puede generar valor de manera integral.
Beneficios de un portafolio sobreponderado en países emergentes versus globalmente diversificado
Authors: De la Torre-Torres Oscar Valdemar , Aguilasocho-Montoya Dora , Galeana-Figueroa Evaristo
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se prueba el beneficio de sobreinvertir un portafolio global de acciones en países emergentes. Esto en comparación a un portafolio globalmente diversificado. Al emplear un modelo markoviano con cambios de régimen, en un contexto de dos regímenes y una función de verosimilitud gaussiana, se encontró que es preferible tener un portafolio sobreinvertido en acciones de países emergentes y de Estados Unidos. Lo anterior en comparación a un portafolio globalmente diversificado. El resultado sugiere que los postulados de la teoría clásica de portafolios no siempre se sostienen en materia de diversificación global.
Empleo: pilar esencial para la inclusión social y la democracia. Algo más que un trabajo
Authors: Argyriades Demetrios
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar al empleo como pilar escencial que sustenta a la inclusión social y a la democracia. Por causa de la pandemia COVID 19 muchas personas fueron despedidas. Después de años de pleno empleo para Estados Unidos, con tasas de desempleo históricamente bajas, de hecho, el nivel del 3 por ciento, la sociedad tuvo que adaptarse a una crisis provocada, no por escasez de demanda o escasez de liquidez, sino por un virus invisible, cuyo la naturaleza y las mutaciones, así como los objetivos y los síntomas todavía se comprenden de manera imperfecta. Este artículo intenta argumentar que, al explorar las causas, se necesita un enfoque de sistemas, estudios históricos en profundidad, así como “calcular los números”.