bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Enigma of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Arora Pooja , Goswami Roma , Raman Shrimant , Jain Pulkit
Published: January 2018

Introduction:Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS) is one of the most common and important cause of the orofacial pain.Patients with temporomandibular joint and muscle pain gradually learn to live with the symptoms although they have been exposed to a variety of treatments. In some instances the symptoms have been aggravated by the treatment, while other patients have recovered without treatment.Masticatory muscle fatigue and spasm are responsible for the cardinal symptoms of pain, tenderness, clicking, and limited function that characterize the MPD Syndrome.The symptoms of a typical temporomandibular joint dysfunction is classified as (a) pain and its sequelae, (2) clicking and crepitus, and (3) irregularities of mandibular movement.The pain can be unilateral or bilateral with varying degree of pain.Mandibular deviation is a third characteristic often evident in temporomandibularjoint patients. Mandibular deviation, in this instance, refers to the deviation from rest position to mouth wide open is a result of joint malfunction and muscle pain. Various non- surgical and surgical methods are used for the treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome.Conclusion: Since MPDS consists of variable symptoms, it might be very difficult to provide any definite diagnosis and treatment. Therefore the more the specialists extend their knowledge and information about this disorder, the more they will make the best decision in this regard.
An unusal case of hematemesis in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Anne Krishna Prasad , R. VidyaSagar C. , Reddy Prasad K.
Published: January 2018

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia, with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Here is the report of an unusual case of hematemesis in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Hematemesis refers to vomiting of blood and can be explained as the backward flow of blood through the upper gastrointestinal tract.Hematemesis is an extremely serious condition that should be treated at the earliest.Diabetics are prone to opportunistic infections by Candida, which can range from oral candidiasis to oesophageal candidiasis. Oesophageal candidiasis causes erosion of the stomach and oesophageal wall which can lead to gastritis and hematemesis.
Effect of grain size and temperature on DC electrical conductivity of tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by gel combustion method
Authors: Jayanna H S , M P Rajeeva , C S Naveen , Lamani Ashok R
Published: January 2018

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanomaterials of different grain size have been prepared using gel combustion method by varying the fuel (C6H8O7) to oxidizer (HNO3) molar ratio as a process parameter. The prepared samples were characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Analysis X-ray Spectroscope (EDAX). The XRD patterns showed the formation of single phase Tetragonal rutile structure. The average particle size is found to be in the range of 1934 nm. SEM images show high porosity in the material. The DC electrical conductivity of SnO2 thick film increases with the temperature significantly from 308K to 670K.The DC electrical conductivity of SnO2 thick film decreases with decrease in grain size due to the effect of surface to volume ratio while activation energy increases with decrease of grain size.
Nasal Drug Delivery: A Potential Route for Brain Targetting
Authors: Bonthagarala Brahmaiah , P. Shabana , Harini Abbaraju Lakshmi , Dasari Varun
Published: January 2018

Present review highlights the potential of nasal mucosa as an administration route for targeting the centralnervous system, the brain. Targeted drug delivery seeks to concentrate the medication in the tissues ofinterest while reducing the relative concentration of medication in the remaining tissues. Thus improvingefficacy of the drug and reducing side effects. The nasal mucosa when compared to other mucousmembranes is easily accessible and provides a practical entrance portal for small and large molecules.Intranasal administration offers rapid onset of action, no first-pass effect, no gastrointestinal degradationor lung toxicity and non-invasiveness application and also improves bioavailability. It is thought thatolfactory route of drug transport, by pass the blood-brain barrier and allows the direct transport of drugfrom the nose to the brain. This review provides an overview of strategies to improve the drug delivery tobrain via nasal mucosa and recent advances in this field.
Health effects caused by metal contaminated ground water
Authors: Mathew Blessy , G Vaishaly A. , B. Krishnamurthy N.
Published: January 2018

The main threats to human health are associated with the exposure to heavy metals like lead, cadmium, zinc,manganese, copper, nickel, chromium, mercury and arsenic. Even though adverse health effect due to heavy metals is known, still exposure continues the same in most of the developing countries. Cadmium found in low concentration in rocks, coal, and petroleum, enters the groundwater and surface water through industrial discharge, metal painting by which it replaces the zinc biochemically in the body and causes high blood pressure, liver and kidney damage, and anemia. Cadmium emission is increasing dramatically as it is not recycled and often dumped along with the household waste. The general population is exposed to mercury through food; fish is the major source of methyl mercury exposure and dental amalgam. Lead enters environment from industry, mining and as a water additive. Affects red blood cell chemistry,delays normal physical and mental development in babies and young children, increase in blood pressure in some adults. In ground water used as drinking water, arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.11340g L?1.Exposure to the arsenic is mainly through food and drinking water which has the high risk of cancer of lung, skin, bladder and kidney, skin lesions such as hyperkeratosis and pigmentation changes.
Novel Anti-Diabetic Formula: Recover Islet ?-Cell dysfunction with the implementation of molecular approach
Authors: Kosta Susmit , Dangi CBS , Shekhar Chander , Kaur Manpreet , Malviya S N , Tiwari Mohan , Khan Sabiha K. , Kapoor Shruti
Published: January 2018

The regulation of PPAR? and PPAR? at m-RNAs expression level is responsible for Islet ?-cell dysfunction and insulin secretion seen in diabetic rats. Many traditional treatments have been recommended in the alternative system of medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Stevia rebaudiana and Gurmmar is a nontoxic natural therapeutic agent revealed to own diuretic, hypotensive and hypoglycemic properties. The ground of this study was to examine the anti-hyperglycemic property, expression of m-RNA at PPAR? and PPAR? receptors and islet ?-cells dysfunction of a combined aqueous extracts of Stevia rebaudiana and Gurmmar is on streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats. The diabetes induced rats were fed with plant extracts at the increasing dosage of 200mg, 300mg and 500mg of body weight. The combined plant extracts administrated rats revealed a significantly (P<0.001) rise of serum insulin levels and higher reduction in hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia when compared to the diabetic control rats (P<0.001) and also an increase the m-RNAs expansion of PPAR? and PPAR? respectively. The histological studies of the endocrine region of pancreas of diabetic rats revealed that shrinkage of ?-cells of islets of langerhans. The combined plant extracts treated rats revealed recovery of ?-cells. The recovery of ?-cells was evident at higher dose level i.e. 500mg/by wt extracts fed groups. According to the biochemical, molecular and histological results obtained, it was concluded that the combined plant extracts of this plant may sustain anti-diabetic properties by recovery Islet ?-cell dysfunction with the implementation of molecular approach.
Incidence of post-operative cardiac complications in cardiac patients undergoing urological procedures
Authors: Shaik Mastan Saheb , Rao M Venkata Rama , K Sailaja
Published: January 2018

Context: There are limited studies indicating the incideance of post operative morbidity and mortality in high risk patients. Urological procedures constitute a major portion of geriatric surgeries where a cardiac obligation is almost inevitable and selected for this study purpose.Aims: To compare the incidence of post operative cardiovascular complications during regional and general anesthetic techniques in patients with known cardiac risk undergoing urological surgeriesSettings and Design: Prospective randomized double blind study.Methods and Material: 40 patients aged above 50 years posted for elective urological surgeries were enrolled in the study after obtaining approval from hospital ethics committee and written informed consent from the patients. Patients were divided into two groups A& B. Group A (n=20) received general and group B (n=20) received regional anaesthesia (spinal/ Epidural). All the patients received standard premedication and their basal vitals( BP, HR, ECG pattern) were recorded. The same parameters were monitored in the post operative period at regular intervals.Statistical analysis used: Student T test is used to test the significance of stastical difference in the variables between the two groups.Results: The mean heart rate and the mean arterial blood pressure were increased (P<0.01) in the general anaesthesia group. Group A showed 10% incidence of ECG changes and group B showed 35% incidence of ECG changes. But the changes in the hemodynamics were not significant.Conclusions: There is no difference between regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia regarding the post operative outcome after urological procedures with respective hemodynamic changes.
Process validation: An essential process in pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Bonthagarala Brahmaiah , Ch. Sandhya , Lakshmi Sai Pusuluri Dharani , Sivaiah Konkipudi Venkata
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this work is to present an introduction and general overview on process validation of pharmaceutical manufacturing process especially tablet manufacturing process with special reference to the requirements stipulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Quality is always an imperative prerequisite when we consider any product. Therefore, drugs must be manufactured to the highest quality levels. End-product testing by itself does not guarantee the quality of the product. Quality assurance techniques must be used to build the quality into the product at every step and not just tested for at the end. In pharmaceutical industry, Process Validation performs this task to build the quality into the product because according to ISO 9000:2000, it had proven to be an important tool for quality management of pharmaceuticals.
Contemporary Condition of Innovative Activity in the field of Health Care of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekembayeva Gulbadan , Koikov Vitalii , Mergentay Aigul , Mussina Galia , Solodovnikov Makar
Published: January 2018

Context: Under these conditions innovative focus of the national health care system at all levels and new approaches to encourage innovation in medical organizations, taking into account the characteristics of their activities and needs of the population, become the urgent tasksAims: to study the factors constraining the introduction of new medical technologies in the health care system of Kazakhstan, and to find ways of improving innovation activity in Kazakhstan.Settings and Design: The article presents the results of the reasons that restrain the activity of development and implementation of innovation, the types of innovative technologies and their demand in the Republic of Kazakhstan.Methods and Material: online survey of health professionals on innovation in the Republic of KazakhstanStatistical analysis used: statistical analysis using the SPSS 16. In the analysis we have used descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation and multivariate analysis of variance.Results: It was found that in the majority of cases (62.4%), innovations were borrowed (imported from abroad), and they have mostly (63.3%) been introduced into clinical medicine by health care practitioners (66.9%), while the lowest percentage of innovative activity in the country (22.8%) was found among the specialists holding scientific and academic degrees, as well as their participation in the research.Conclusions: The factor analysis or principal components analysis suggests that the main reasons for the low innovation activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan is a lack of awareness of experts about the latest achievements of science, lack of trained personnel and insufficient target financing of innovation in health care.
Assessment of Serum Minerals and Electrolytes In Thyroid Patients
Authors: Shrestha Shailaza , Bharti Arvind , Rai Rahul , Singh Mukesh
Published: January 2018

The effect on thyroid hormones on electrolytes and minerals has not been well established and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Only few data on the association between thyroid function and electrolyte disorders exists. Thus our aim was to assess the levels of serum electrolytes and minerals in the patients with thyroid disorders.Materials and methods: 75 patients and 30 controls were included. Thyroid hormones(T3, T4, TSH) were measured by vidas autoanalyser. Serum calcium, phosphorous and magnesium were estimated by kit based method using semiautoanalyser. Serum sodium, potassium and chlorides were estimated using ion selective electrodes. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.Results: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism showed significant decrease in serum calcium and sodium levels and significant increase in serum phosphorous, magnesium, potassium and chloride levels(p<0.05). Incase of subclinical hyperthyroidism significant difference could not be obtained among controls and patients(p>0.05). However for overt hyperthyroid patients, serum phosphorous was significantly decreased and serum sodium was increased significantly(p<0.05). Rest of the results were non significant. When correlated with TSH, serum calcium and sodium showed negative correlation whereas it was positive for serum phosphorous, magnesium, potassium and chloride incase of hypothyroidism. For hyperthyroid patients, correlation was negative for magnesium and chloride whereas positive for the rest parameters. But none of correlations were statistically significant(p>0.05).Conclusion: Thyroid patients should be regularly checked for serum electrolytes. Early detection and treatment can prevent the further complications and will be helpful during the management of thyroid patients.
Formulation and evaluation of orodispersible Enalapril maleate tablets: a comparative study on natural super disintegrents and synthetic super disintegrents
Authors: Rao.S Kameswara , MD. Yusuf , P. Saraswathi , Rao Ch.R.Raghavendra , P. Murali , V. Vijayakumar
Published: January 2018

The aim of the present investigation is to formulate Enalapril maleate oral disintegrating tablet by using natural and synthetic superdisintegrents..ODTs may also be used to deliver drugs to the oral cavity, for local action or, in some cases, absorption across the oral mucosa, thereby avoiding first-pass hepatic metabolism and potentially increasing the rate and extent of uptake, and reducing undesirable metabolites. The objectives of the research work is to formulate oral disintegrating tablets of Enalapril maleate by using different super disintegrates(Natural, Synthetic) in different ratio by direct compression technique and tablets were evaluated for precompressional and postcompressional Parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, drug content and in-vitro drug release study, hardness, friability, wetting time and invitro dispersion time. To study the physical characteristics of the individual drug and optimized formulations by FTIR spectroscopy. To evaluate various characteristics of the resulting tablets. Formulation CCS3, IH2 were subjected to stability Studies as per ICHguidelines at temperatures and humidity of 255C/605%RH; and 405C/755%RH.Tablets didnt reveal any appreciable changes in respect to hardness, disintegration time, drug content and dissolution profile.
Analysis and compilation of the statement into machine code and execute that the machine code for discarding the degree to which performance changes between prototype and production system
Authors: Sharma Bhubneshwar
Published: January 2018

Beyond asymptotic order of growth, the constant factors matter: an asymptotically slower algorithm may be faster or smaller (because simpler) than an asymptotically faster algorithm when they are both faced with small input, which may be the case that occurs in reality. Often ahybrid algorithmwill provide the best performance, due to this tradeoff changing with size. A general technique to improve performance is to avoid work. A good example is the use of afast pathfor common cases, improving performance by avoiding unnecessary work
Lead induced histological alterations in ovarian tissue of freshwater teleost Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton)
Authors: Biswas Sudipta , Ghosh Apurba Ratan
Published: January 2018

The Indian fresh water eel, Mastacembelus pancalus (Ham) was chronically exposed to lead nitrate for 30 days exposed at dose of LC20 value (in respect to 925ppm 96-h LC50 value). Results show reduced fecundity and GSI and deteriorated ootoxic conditions. Oolytic alteration includes lesion of oocytes, which resulted in dearth of any interfollicular spaces. Distorted appearance of oocytes was a major alteration observed. No distinct follicular normal histology was seen and also usual ovular conditions on the whole been lost. The effects of chronic exposure on growth and reproduction parameters were investigated in M. pancalus. The study demonstrated that toxic heavy metal lead can cause reproductive defect in fishes. Present study insured that the growth of body weight and gonadal development along with egg laying capacity that is the fecundity and histological alteration of ovary of Mastacembelus pancalus is noticeably changed after 30 days exposure of lead nitrate. Lead exposure and growth rate, GSI and were showed inverse relation. There were significant reduction on growth GSI, fecundity and histological attributes of the tissues of ovary due to chronic lead exposure. Exposure to lead can therefore, reduce fecundity of fish thereby can limit the numerical size of the succeeding generation.
Evaluation of ambient Air quality of nearby village effected by LCL composting plant
Authors: Ameen Ayesha
Published: January 2018

Air monitoring is important to check the quality of air effected by the industry. The Lahore compost Pvt Ltd is a part of saif group of companies. The LCL utilize tons of municipal solid waste to make organic bio fertilizer. Almost 8,000 tons of organic waste is transported to the landfill site. This study was designed to check the effect of composting plant on nearby village of Mahmood Booti. The parameters for air monitoring were PM 10, CO and TSP. The results were satisfactory and below the baseline. The results are according to the standards provided by WHO for air quality.
Study of Magnesium levels in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Rajeswari Guddanti , Satya Gopal Pasadugala , Veerabhadrudu Budidi , Suresh Eadala
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in the women of reproductive age with a prevalence of approximately 7-10 % worldwide. It reflects multiple potential aetiologies and variable clinical manifestations. This syndrome is characterised by serious health implications such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and also leads to infertility.Methods: Magnesium, uric acid, fasting blood sugar were estimated in 80 clinically diagnosed patients of PCOS who were between the age group of 18-40 years. Results were compared with a group of 40 normal subjects having same age group.Results: In our study, fasting blood sugar levels were significantly increased and serum magnesium levels were significantly decreased in PCOS patients suggesting increased urinary excretion of magnesium in the presence of elevated insulin. Magnesium showed a significantly negative correlation with FBS, TC, TGL, LDL, uric acid and non-significant positive correlation with HDL. Serum uric acid levels were significantly increased and showed significant positive correlation with FBS, TC, TGL, LDL and VLDL & significant negative correlation with magnesium.Conclusion: Administration of magnesium is acts as a beneficial effect on dyslipidaemia of PCOS patients by through the activation of LCAT and suppression of adrenergic activity. So, magnesium acts as a prognostic biomarker in PCOS patients.
Pollution Assessment using Bioindicator (Odonata and Mollusca) in Narmada basin at Jabalpur: A Developing Smart City
Authors: Shukla Arjun , Rai Shivani , Ahirwar Bhoopendra Kumar
Published: January 2018

The smart city mission of Jabalpur intends to promote adoption with basic infrastructure to give a decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment through application of smart solutions where environment disturbed through anthropogenic activities. Odonata and Mollusca are biological indicators so without using chemicals we aimed to know the pollution intensity of river Narmada basin. Benthos assemblage from Narmada basin in Jabalpur has been investigated. A total of 37 species of Odonata and 13 species of Mollusca were sampled.
Oro-Dispersible Tablets of Ayurvedic Powder For improving Taste, Compliance, Ease and Accuracy of administration
Authors: Khobragde Deepak , Kotha Arun , Ravalika K. , Gupta Richa , Vasu Kumar P.
Published: January 2018

Most of the ayurvedic medicines are in the form of powder. Being in powder form the administration of accurate dose with ease is a problem. They may have some kind of unacceptable bitter taste. Furthermore it needs water or honey for administration and chances of spoilage and waste are more. Oro-dispersible tablet which rapidly disintegrating in mouth will be the best remedy for efficient use of ayurvedic powders. The aim of this study was to formulate oro-dispersible tablets of ayurvedic polyherbal powder Talisadi. Talisadi is a traditional Ayurvedic powder preparation well known and effective in various disorders of respiratory and digestive system. Using various excipients like super-disintegrants and sweeteners, different formulation of polyherbal drug Talisadi were formulated by direct compression method. The acceptable formulation, among all the developed formulations of oro-dispersible tablet was having a disintegrating time of 1 min and 10 sec and acceptable taste. Thus the study concludes that formulation of oro-dispersible tablets of ayurvedic powder preparation can be a good option to enhance acceptability, efficiency and easy and accurate administration of powder ayurvedic preparations like Talisadi.
Cytotoxicity effect of ethanolic extract of Mikania glomerata against A549 human lung cancer cell line
Authors: Sarojini S. , Ramesh V. , Senthilkumaar P.
Published: January 2018

The genus Mikania is the largest of its kind in the family Eupatorieae (Asteraceae), with more than 430 species concentrated mainly in the tropical regions, among which, Mikania glomerata is a most common herb generally employed in the treatment of respiratory disorders. The Milania glomerata plant leaf extracts were used for anticancer study against A549 human lung cancer cell line. The solid liquid extraction method has been employed to prepare the ethanol extract of Mikania glomerata through soxhelt apparatus method. To check the anti-proliferative effect of this extract, the extract chosen was tested for cell viability on the lung cancer cells A549 in different concentrations. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay for 24 hour and 48 hours. The LD50 value was calculated for the level of cell death and its effectiveness. The dose-dependent manner plays an important role in the treatment of lung cancer cell lines. The present study suggests that Mikania glomerata may be used as an alternative anticancer agent and further research is needed to improve the effectiveness.
Assessment of physiochemical, heavy metal and indicator bacterial groups in water and soil samples of different oil contaminated regions, Tiruchirappalli city
Authors: Vinothini C. , Ravikumar R.
Published: January 2018

The levels of physiochemical, heavy metal and microbiological pollution in different oil contaminated regions of Tiruchirappalli city were reported in the study. The water and sediment samples from four different oil contaminated regions in Tiruchirappalli city were collected during monsoon 2015. The sampling regions were divided into two category such as heavy oil contaminated regions (oil shed / oil washed regions) and bus stand regions. In oil contaminated water sample, counts of TVC, TC, TS, FC, FS, VC, SAC, SHC and PC were in the range of 21300 126000, 1620 13200, 240 1050, 250 1130, 100 250, 120 180, 80 160, 130 200 and 260 560 CFU/mL, respectively. In soil sample, the TVC, TC, TS, FC, FS, VLO, SC and PC ranges were 56000 218000, 3100 14800, 350 1260, 330 1420, 150 300, 110 240, 120 200, 160 260 and 410 1060 CFU/g, respectively. The results of this study indicated that oil shed regions gor higher pollutions tha bus stand regions. This study gave a special emphasis on the determination of the levels of pollution and also identified the vulnerable regions. Hence, throughout impoundment and continuous monitoring is needed.
Herbal derived nanomedicines against for some human pathogens
Authors: Kanna A. Vinoth , Amirthavarshini R. , Uma sankari T.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to achieve the silver nanocrystals for therapeutic values. The Aristolochia bractiata leaves extract as a reducing substance for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectra analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering Particle size analyzer, X-ray Diffraction method and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been employed to characterize and confirmed the nanocrystal formation. In antimicrobial activity, the silver nanoparticles were most against some human pathogens. In bacteria, the test sample was most effective against Salmonella typhimurium NCIM 2501 (B5) while smaller effect was noticed from Micrococcus luteus NCIM 2871 (B4). In fungi, which was effective against Trichophyton rubrum MTCC 3272 (F4) whereas smaller effect was observed in Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 7076 (F2). All the microbial strains depict higher sensitivity to the higher concentration (30?L) for the test sample when compared to the positive control except few bacterial strains.
Nutraceutical studies on Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Fruits & Seeds)
Authors: P Rajalakshmi , M Pugalenthi , G Subashini , Kavitha Miss. , S Vishnukumar
Published: January 2018

Fruits and vegetables have plenty of natural antioxidants, especially vitamin C and E. Fruits contained beta-carotene, phenolic compounds such as anthocyanin and other flavonoids, which showcase a wide range of biological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti carcinogenic properties. Eriobotrya japonica commonly called as loquat fruit, is a subtropical evergreen fruit. In the present study an attempt was made to analyzed the phytochemical screening, nutraceuticals and antioxidant activity of the aforesaid traditionally important and pharmacologically potent fruits and seeds of E. japonica. The dried powdered fruits and seed samples were subjected for the analysis of nutritional parameters, phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant activity. The nutritional parameters such as total carbohydrate, total starch, total proteins and levels of free amino acids were analyzed. Phytochemical screening of E. japonica clearly showed the presence of certain important secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, phytosterol and gums and mucilage. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts were determined by using super oxide free radical scavenging assay. The results of the present study clearly indicated that methanol seed extract showed better free radical scavenging activity at concentration of 1000 mg/ml of extract. Among the selected samples fruits of E.japonica was found to be more potent than the seeds of the same species. However, more advanced pharmacological and clinical studies would be required to investigate in vivo mechanism of pharmacological effects of this important edible fruits E. japonica.
Assessment of post operative wound healing in diabetic patients after extraction
Authors: Gupta Bhawani
Published: January 2018

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder characterised by an inability to regulate blood glucose due to insulin deficiency or resistance. Type 1 diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes is characterised by deficient insulin production whereas type II or non-insulin dependent diabetes results from relative insulin deficiency and tissue insulin resistance.Traditionally in dentistry, diabetics are considered to have increased healing problems related to dental extractions, periodontal surgery and wearing ill-fitting dentures. They are also considered more likely to have infections. Although this may be so for poorly controlled Type 1 diabetics, there is only unreliable support for this view for Type 2 diabetics on oral hypoglycemics.In dentoalveolar surgery, diabetic patients could be expected to suffer various complications to those observed in other surgical procedures such as the most commonly seen is delayed wound healing. However, the oral environment with the forces of mastication, high bone turnover, high vascularity, saliva and the constant reservoir of microorganisms is active from other parts of the body, thereby making generalisations from other surgical sites limited.Difficulties with extractions are unpredictable. Having a thorough medical history prior to surgery will allow the surgeon to better deal with complications that may arise. Be certain to always follow proper surgical techniques, and know your limitations prior to beginning any extractions. If and when difficulties develop, it is always recommended to explain the situation to the patient.
Water Use Efficiency, Yield and Crop Coefficient (Kc) of Groundnut crop under different Water Regimes
Authors: KT Aruna
Published: January 2018

The pot experiment was carried out during September 2015 to January 2016 at instructional farm, College of Agricultural Engineering, UAS Raichur under rain shelter to study the effect of different water regimes, (i.e. T1:100, T2:90, T3:80, T4:70, T5:60 and T6:50) per cent of water application with available moisture holding capacity on grain yield and water use efficiency. Completely Randomized block design with four replications was used in this study. The results showed that there was significant difference between the yield and (WUE) under different levels of irrigation. The total irrigation water applied were (i.e., 211.98, 243.02, 225.78, 155.09, 135.51 and 105.62 mm/plant) under different water regime treatments (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) of available moisture holding capacity (AMHC) respectively. Grain yield productions under different treatments were 106.25, 171.25, 127.50, 75, 55 and 40.75 g/plant/pot at 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 per cent of AMHC respectively. The results showed that water use efficiency (WUE) at different treatments were 0.50, 0.70, 0.56, 0.48, 0.41 and 0.39 g/mm for (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) per cent of AMHC respectively. Therefore, the 90 % of AMHC treatment (T2) is recommended for groundnut irrigation for water saving. The comparison of actual crop coefficient that obtained by water balance technic in experiment and crop coefficient (Kc) values of groundnut for different crop growth stages were selected based on the values suggested by FAO (Allen et al., 1998) are similar in the treatment of 90 % (T2) of the AMHC. Furthermore, the result showed that the treatment of 90 per cent of Available moisture holding capacity (T2) seemed to be better adapted to product a high crop yield with acceptable yield coupling with water use efficiency in this region.
Examining the use of core terms in a records appraisal context – two Swedish examples
Authors: Klett Elisabeth
Published: January 2018

Records appraisal in the digital environment becomes a multi-professional enterprise, undertaken in the line of business, in which non-archivists play a vital role, but appraisal practices are not adjusted to this electronic reality. One aspect of this problem is the use and understanding of terminology. This paper presents a study on the usage of records-related terms in steering documents that affect records appraisal in Sweden. It uses a structured model for the analysis of steering documents. Used data sources are authoritative term databases and terminology report and steering documents from the three levels of regulations, i.e. Legislation and Regulations, Policy decisions and Instructions and Retention decisions steering documents from the Swedish National Archives and Stockholm City Archives, both archival authorities within their jurisdictions. The steering documents represents levels of hierarchical impact and are the foundations upon which appraisal is done and effectuated. Analysis of term frequency show change in vocabulary at level of hierarchy as well as development in time. Analysis of focus, characteristics and common features in definitions of terms show a variety of possible interpretations of the included terms, a result that affects appraisal and underpins a need for common corporate understanding in areas with multi-professional influences. The paper concludes that legal terms have impact on term use at regulation level, which lessens at lower levels, where vocabulary broadens. Difference is found between the two archival institutions studied, especially at decision level. Analysis of focus, characteristics and common features in definitions of terms show a variety of possible interpretations of the included terms, a result that affects appraisal and underpins a need for common corporate understanding in areas with multi-professional influences. An action suggested to mitigate risk is to form Communities of Practice for the task of records appraisal. One part of the task for these communities should be to agree upon shared concepts on used terminology that support electronic records appraisal. This would be a step where everyone involved develop a solid ground for the setting of the scope of appraisal. The idea of introducing Communities of Practice for the records and archives appraisal task is wider than the subject of this article, and should be further developed.
Sex differences in the use of social information emerge under conditions of risk
Authors: Brand Charlotte O. , Brown Gillian R. , Cross Catharine P.
Published: January 2018

Social learning provides an effective route to gaining up-to-date information, particularly when information is costly to obtain asocially. Theoretical work predicts that the willingness to switch between using asocial and social sources of information will vary between individuals according to their risk tolerance. We tested the prediction that, where there are sex differences in risk tolerance, altering the variance of the payoffs of using asocial and social information differentially influences the probability of social information use by sex. In a computer-based task that involved building a virtual spaceship, men and women (N = 88) were given the option of using either asocial or social sources of information to improve their performance. When the asocial option was risky (i.e., the participant’s score could markedly increase or decrease) and the social option was safe (i.e., their score could slightly increase or remain the same), women, but not men, were more likely to use the social option than the asocial option. In all other conditions, both women and men preferentially used the asocial option to a similar degree. We therefore found both a sex difference in risk aversion and a sex difference in the preference for social information when relying on asocial information was risky, consistent with the hypothesis that levels of risk-aversion influence the use of social information.
Adaptation of Nussbaum's Capabilities Framework to Community Mental Health: A Consumer‐Based Capabilities Measure
Authors: Sacchetto Beatrice , Ornelas José , Calheiros Maria Manuela , Shinn Marybeth
Published: January 2018

The capabilities approach provides a rich evaluative framework to guide transformative change in the community mental health system. This study reports the content and construct validity and psychometric properties of a contextualized measure of the extent to which mental health programs foster achieved capabilities. The Achieved Capabilities Questionnaire for Community Mental Health (ACQ‐CMH), adapted from Nussbaum's capabilities framework, was developed previously with consumer collaboration. Content validity was assessed through a collaborative process, involving a panel of eight consumers, staff members, and senior researchers. The resulting shorter version (ACQ‐CMH‐98) was completed by 332 community mental health consumers sampled throughout Portugal. Factor (PCA) analysis, internal consistency reliability, and test–retest reliability over 2 weeks (N = 33) showed good psychometric properties. The resulting six‐factor structure with 48 items explains 48.88% of the total variance (KMO = 0.89; Bartlett p = .00). Internal consistency of the obtained dimensions ranges from .91 to .76. Associations of the measure with recovery, quality of life, and psychological distress scales add further evidence of construct validity. The adaptation of Nussbaum's framework stressed specific components that may enhance understanding and change within the community mental health system.
Auf dem Weg zur Smart Factory: modulare, intelligente Konzepte für die Produktion von Spezialchemikalien der Zukunft
Authors: Reitze Arnulf , Jürgensmeyer Nikolas , Lier Stefan , Kohnke Marco , Riese Julia , Grünewald Marcus
Published: January 2018

Die Digitalisierung und Flexibilisierung von Produktionsprozessen bieten in der Spezialchemie die Chance, auf marktseitige Herausforderungen adäquat zu reagieren. Kürzer werdende Produktlebenszyklen, zunehmende Produktindividualisierung und die daraus resultierende Volatilität der Märkte stellen neue Anforderungen an Anlagenbetreiber. Neuartige Konzepte wie modulare Produktionsanlagen sowie Technologieentwicklungen im Rahmen der Industrie 4.0 können dabei helfen, die Smart Factory in der Spezialchemie umzusetzen. Im Folgenden werden die für diesen Wandel notwendigen Konzepte vorgestellt.
Synthesis, structure and catalytic polymerization activity of half‐sandwich cyclometallated iridium complexes
Authors: Yao Zi‐Jian , Li Peng , Li Kuan , Deng Wei
Published: January 2018

A series of mononuclear half‐sandwich cyclometallated iridium complexes with Schiff base ligands were synthesized in good yields. Five air‐stable C,N‐chelate mode complexes were obtained smoothly through metal‐mediated C─H bond activation. Treatments of dimeric metal complexes [Cp*IrCl2]2 with ligands L1–L5 afforded the corresponding C,N‐chelate mononuclear half‐sandwich iridium(III) complexes 1–5. These iridium complexes exhibit high catalytic activity for norbornene polymerization. Both steric and electronic effects of the substituted groups have influences on the behaviors of the polymerization process. All complexes were characterized using infrared and NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Molecular structures of complexes 1, 2 and 5 were further confirmed using single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Alkoxy Tetrazine Substitution at a Boron Center: A Strategy for Synthesizing Highly Fluorogenic Hydrophilic Probes
Authors: Wu Min , Wu Xiaoai , Wang Yayue , Gu Lei , You Jiao , Wu Haoxing , Feng Ping
Published: January 2018

Strongly fluorogenic boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)–tetrazine probes have been obtained by introducing an alkoxy tetrazine fragment at the boron center. The fluorescence signal from these probes strongly increases by up to 225‐fold after reaction with bioorthogonal coupling partners, and the hydrophilicity of probes is improved, such that they are suitable for live‐cell imaging.
Altering 2‐Hydroxybiphenyl 3‐Monooxygenase Regioselectivity by Protein Engineering for the Production of a New Antioxidant
Authors: Bregman‐Cohen Almog , Deri Batel , Maimon Shiran , Pazy Yael , Fishman Ayelet
Published: January 2018

2‐Hydroxybiphenyl 3‐monooxygenase is a flavin‐containing NADH‐dependent aromatic hydroxylase that oxidizes a broad range of 2‐substituted phenols. In order to modulate its activity and selectivity, several residues in the active site pocket were investigated by saturation mutagenesis. Variant M321A demonstrated altered regioselectivity by oxidizing 3‐hydroxybiphenyl for the first time, thus enabling the production of a new antioxidant, 3,4‐dihydroxybiphenyl, with similar ferric reducing capacity to the well‐studied piceatannol. The crystal structure of M321A was determined (2.78 Å), and molecular docking of the 3‐substituted phenol provided a rational explanation for the altered regioselectivity. Furthermore, HbpA was found to possess pro‐S enantioselectivity towards the production of several chiral sulfoxides, whereas variant M321F exhibited improved enantioselectivity. Based on the biochemical characterization of several mutants, it was suggested that Trp97 stabilized the substrate in the active site, Met223 was involved in NADH entrance or binding to the active site, and Pro320 might facilitate FAD movement.
Photoactivation of Ligands for Extrinsically and Intrinsically Triggered Disassembly of Amphiphilic Nanoassemblies
Authors: Gao Jingjing , Liu Xiaochi , Secinti Hatice , Jiang Ziwen , Munkhbat Oyuntuya , Xu Yisheng , Guo Xuhong , Thayumanavan S.
Published: January 2018

Specific response to the concurrent presence of two different inputs is one of the hallmarks of incorporating specificities in nature. Artificial nanoassemblies that concurrently respond to two very different inputs are of great interest in a variety of applications, especially in biomedicine. Here, we present a design strategy for amphiphilic nanoassemblies with such capabilities, enabled by photocaging a ligand moiety that is capable of binding to a specific protein. New molecular designs that offer nanoassemblies that respond to either of two inputs or only to the concurrent presence of two inputs are outlined. Such biomimetic nanoassemblies could find use in many applications, including drug delivery and diagnostics.
Pediatric oncologist willingness to offer germline TP53 testing in osteosarcoma
Authors: Shaul Eliana , Roth Michael , Lo Yungtai , Geller David S. , Hoang Bang , Yang Rui , Malkin David , Gorlick Richard , Gill Jonathan
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in the tumor‐suppressor gene TP53. Osteosarcoma is a sentinel cancer in LFS. Prior studies using Sanger sequencing platforms have demonstrated that 3% of individuals with osteosarcoma harbor a mutation in TP53. New data from next‐generation sequencing have demonstrated that 3.8% of patients with osteosarcoma have a known pathogenic variant, and an additional 5.7% carry exonic variants of unknown significance in TP53.

METHODS

Pediatric oncologists were e‐mailed an anonymous 18‐question survey assessing their willingness to offer TP53 germline testing to a child with osteosarcoma with or without a family history, and they were evaluated for changes in their choices with the prior data and the new data.

RESULTS

One hundred seventy‐seven pediatric oncologists (22%) responded to the survey. Respondents were more likely to offer TP53 testing to a patient with a positive family history (77.4% vs 12.4%; P < .0001). Significantly more providers responded that they would offer TP53 testing once they were provided with the new data (25.4% vs 12.4%; P = .0038). The proportion of providers who responded that they were unsure increased significantly when they were presented with the new data (25.4% vs 10.2%; P = .0002). Potential implications for other family members and the possibility that surveillance imaging would detect new malignancies at an earlier stage were important factors influencing a provider's decision to offer TP53 testing.

CONCLUSIONS

Recent data increase the proportion of providers willing to offer testing, and this suggests concern on the part of pediatric oncologists that variants of unknown significance may be disease‐defining in rare cancers. Cancer 2018;124:1242‐50. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Simple, Green, and High‐Yield Production of Boron‐Based Nanostructures with Diverse Morphologies by Dissolution and Recrystallization of Layered Magnesium Diboride Crystals in Water
Authors: Gunda Harini , Das Saroj Kumar , Jasuja Kabeer
Published: January 2018

Layered metal diborides that contain metal atoms sandwiched between boron honeycomb planes offer a rich opportunity to access graphenic forms of boron. We recently demonstrated that magnesium diboride (MgB2) could be exfoliated by ultrasonication in water to yield boron‐based nanosheets. However, knowledge of the fate of metal boride crystals in aqueous phases is still in its incipient stages. This work presents our preliminary findings on the discovery that MgB2 crystals can undergo dissolution in water under ambient conditions to result in precursors (prenucleation clusters) that, upon aging, undergo nonclassical crystallization preferentially growing in lateral directions by two‐dimensional (2D) oriented attachment. We show that this recrystallization can be utilized as an avenue to obtain a high yield (≈92 %) of boron‐based nanostructures, including nanodots, nanograins, nanoflakes, and nanosheets. These nanostructures comprise boron honeycomb planes chemically modified with hydride and oxy functional groups, which results in an overall negative charge on their surfaces. This ability of MgB2 crystals to yield prenucleation clusters that can self‐seed to form nanostructures comprising chemically modified boron honeycomb planes presents a new facet to the physicochemical interaction of MgB2 with water. These findings also open newer avenues to obtain boron‐based nanostructures with tunable morphologies by varying the chemical milieu during recrystallization.
Control Model for Large‐Sized Gantry Type Linear Motor Slider
Authors: OJIRO TETSUYA , HONDA HIDEKI , TSURUTA KAZUHIRO , HANAMOTO TSUYOSHI
Published: January 2018

At present, many industrial carrier devices utilize linear motor sliders. However, a heavier load requires a linear motor (which is an example of a direct drive device) to get higher power, compared with a rotary motor with a ball screw slider (which is an example of an indirect drive device). In order to obtain higher power at a lower cost, a linear slider with multiple motors can be utilized, for example, a gantry type linear motor slider. Moving the gantry type slider requires two linear motors that are set up in parallel to enable synchronization control. Some conventional synchronization control methods have been proposed for the parallel twin linear slider; however, a large‐scaled gantry type linear motor slider has two unique problems: mechanical distortion caused by the limitations of installation environment and coupling caused by joints with low stiffness. This paper proposes a control model to solve these problems, and an identification method of each parameter. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the control model is verified by comparison with simulation results and experimental results.