bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of post‐traumatic stress disorder among internal displaced people in Qoloji Camps, Somali regional state, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Muhummed Abdi Mahamed , Jibril Meka Kedir , Yimam Ahmed Adem , Ali Seid Yimam
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among internally displaced people (IDP) in the Qoloji Camp, Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 20 to November 5, 2021. The study utilized systematic random sampling to identify 410 IDP participants from the Qoloji Camp. PTSD was measured using the PTSD Check-list for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the crude odds ratio, and multivariate analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for associations between PTSD and independent variables.

Results

A total of 404 participants were interviewed (98.5% response rate). The estimated prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 41.1%. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, several factors were significantly associated with PTSD: being female (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.39-4.44), lack of food and water (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.17, 4.23), destruction of personal property (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.62-6.09), and experiencing torture or beatings (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.01‐3.28).

Conclusion

This study found a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among IDPs, with factors such as female sex, property destruction, deprivation of essential goods and services, and experiences of torture or beatings significantly associated with those symptoms. To address these findings, prioritizing the well-being of IDPs with a specific focus on women, on-site screening, and the establishment of a referral system to facilitate access to specialized care are essential to enhance the overall mental health of such persons.
The L2/L3 initial state, initial stages and judgement tasks: The role of intercomprehension when judging unknown languages
Authors: Falk Ylva , Bardel Camilla
Published: February 2024

This study problematizes the second language (L2) / third language (L3) initial state, questioning who the real initial state-learners are and whether it is the initial state that has been explored in some previous L3 studies that claim to do so. We will discuss the notion of initial stages in relation to the initial state. We argue that, depending on prior language knowledge, learners can – thanks to intercomprehension – advance rapidly from the initial state into the initial stages of interlanguage. We base these suggestions on data from a small-scale study in which 20 native speakers of Swedish assessed whether some Dutch, Finnish and Norwegian sentences were grammatical or not. The results from this study led us to a discussion of whether the leap from the initial state to the initial stages can be overcome more quickly, due to the clues from typological similarity on the lexical level that the learners are given .
The INSANE dataset: Large number of sensors for challenging UAV flights in Mars analog, outdoor, and out-/indoor transition scenarios
Authors: Brommer Christian , Fornasier Alessandro , Scheiber Martin , Delaune Jeff , Brockers Roland , Steinbrener Jan , Weiss Stephan
Published: February 2024

For real-world applications, autonomous mobile robotic platforms must be capable of navigating safely in a multitude of different and dynamic environments with accurate and robust localization being a key prerequisite. To support further research in this domain, we present the INSANE datasets (Increased Number of Sensors for developing Advanced and Novel Estimators)—a collection of versatile Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) datasets for cross-environment localization. The datasets provide various scenarios with multiple stages of difficulty for localization methods. These scenarios range from trajectories in the controlled environment of an indoor motion capture facility, to experiments where the vehicle performs an outdoor maneuver and transitions into a building, requiring changes of sensor modalities, up to purely outdoor flight maneuvers in a challenging Mars analog environment to simulate scenarios which current and future Mars helicopters would need to perform. The presented work aims to provide data that reflects real-world scenarios and sensor effects. The extensive sensor suite includes various sensor categories, including multiple Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and cameras. Sensor data is made available as unprocessed measurements and each dataset provides highly accurate ground truth, including the outdoor experiments where a dual Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) setup provides sub-degree and centimeter accuracy (1-sigma). The sensor suite also includes a dedicated high-rate IMU to capture all the vibration dynamics of the vehicle during flight to support research on novel machine learning-based sensor signal enhancement methods for improved localization. The datasets and post-processing tools are available at: https://sst.aau.at/cns/datasets/insane-dataset/
Magnetic needle steering control using Lyapunov redesign
Authors: Pratt Richard L. , Petruska Andrew J.
Published: February 2024

Using steerable needles to enable course correction and curved trajectories can improve surgical outcomes in numerous clinical interventions including electrode placement for deep brain stimulation. In this work, a physically motivated kinematic model for an actively steered magnetic-tipped needle is used in closed-loop control to perform insertion trajectories. The applied control law is derived using the Lyapunov redesign. Simulation results show this control method to be accurate for a wide range of conditions including randomized target trajectories. Control is performed experimentally in a brain tissue phantom for both initial position offset recovery and curved trajectories. Converged error results average 0.52 mm from target trajectory. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the control implementation, while experimental results exceed the accuracy required for the target application, encouraging future use in a clinical setting. Beyond needle insertion, this work has implications in general vehicle steering, as this model and control can apply to systems with similar kinematics such as boats and wheeled vehicles that could benefit from a relaxed slip constraint.
Computational investigation and validation of new MEXICO experiment
Authors: Shaik Mujahid , Subramanian Balaji
Published: February 2024

A computational investigation of New MEXICO test cases operating under axial flow conditions is reported. Three wind speed cases (10, 15, 24 m/s) corresponding to three different tip speed ratios (10, 6.67, 4.17) when the turbine operates at 425.1 rpm were considered. ANSYS CFX 2021R1 was employed to perform simulations using Single Reference Frame (SRF) and Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approaches. The flow field is computed by solving unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (uRANS) equations coupled with SST k-ω turbulence model and Gamma-Theta transition model. Validation involved comparing CFD-predicted integral quantities, static pressure distributions, and loads with corresponding experimental values demonstrating reasonably good agreement at all three wind speeds. Overall, SRF exhibited slightly better wake predictions (hypothetical), while MRF predictions were closer to measurements for integral quantities, static pressure and loads. This study demonstrates the utility of uRANS-based 3D CFD computations in wind turbine aerodynamics studies.
Combining an Anterolateral Complex Procedure With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Reduces the Graft Reinjury Rate and Improves Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Bosco Francesco , Giustra Fortunato , Masoni Virginia , Capella Marcello , Sciannameo Veronica , Camarda Lawrence , Massè Alessandro , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is a well-established surgical procedure, but it may not always restore complete rotational knee stability. Interest is increasing in anterolateral complex (ALC) procedures, lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) and anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR), in association with ACLR to overcome this problem. The better ALC procedure, LET or ALLR, remains controversial to date.

Purpose:

To analyze the patient-reported outcome measures and ACL reinjury rate after ACLR with an ALC procedure compared with after isolated ACLR, as well as to analyze the clinical results and graft failure rate of the LET group versus the ALLR group.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flowchart was used to conduct a comprehensive search of 5 databases: Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Eligible articles were classified according to the levels of evidence of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. A methodological quality assessment of randomized controlled trials was performed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO.

Results:

A total of 14 clinical trials were included in the final analysis, with 1830 patients. Isolated ACLR or a combined procedure with LET or ALLR was performed, with several characteristics described, including the surgical technique, additional torn knee structures and their management, graft failure, complications, clinical outcomes, clinical and instrumental examinations to assess knee stability, and postoperative protocols. Regarding clinical outcomes, pivot-shift tests and reduced graft failure, a significant difference was found in the superiority of the combined ACLR associated with the ALC procedure compared with an isolated ACLR ( P < .05). No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 ALC procedures.

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis reported on the importance of combined ACLR and ALC procedures in patients with a high-grade rotational laxity, as both procedures, LET or ALLR, without superiority of one over the other, are associated with improved pivot-shift tests, patient-reported outcome measures, and reduced graft failure rates.
Tendon Elongation and Function After Delayed or Standard Loading of Surgically Repaired Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hoeffner Rikke , Agergaard Anne-Sofie , Svensson Rene B. , Cullum Camilla , Mikkelsen Rasmus Kramer , Konradsen Lars , Krogsgaard Michael , Boesen Mikael , Kjaer Michael , Magnusson S. Peter
Published: February 2024

Background:

Achilles tendon ruptures often result in long-term functional deficits despite accelerated (standard) rehabilitation.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to investigate if delayed loading would influence functional, clinical, and structural outcomes of the muscles and tendon 1 year after a surgical repair. It was hypothesized that delaying the loading would reduce the heel-rise height deficit 1 year after Achilles tendon rupture.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

In total, 48 patients with a surgically repaired Achilles tendon rupture were randomized to 2 groups: the standard group received the currently accepted rehabilitation, and the delayed group received the same rehabilitation except that initial loading was delayed by 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the heel-rise height difference between the injured and uninjured sides at 1 year. The secondary outcomes were (1) tendon length measured with magnetic resonance imaging, (2) muscle fascicle length and pennation angle of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle, (3) Doppler activity measured with ultrasonography, (4) Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), and (5) isometric muscle strength.

Results:

The mean heel-rise height deficits for the standard and delayed groups were −2.2 cm and −2.1 cm, respectively ( P = .719). The soleus part of the tendon was already elongated 1 week after surgery in both groups without a between-group difference (side-to-side difference: standard, 16.3 mm; delayed, 17.5 mm; P = .997) and did not change over 52 weeks. The gastrocnemius tendon length was unchanged at 1 week but elongated over time without a between-group difference (side-to-side difference at 52 weeks: standard, 10.5 mm; delayed, 13.0 mm; P = .899). The delayed group had less Doppler activity at 12 weeks ( P = .006) and a better ATRS (standard, 60 points; delayed, 72 points; P = .032) at 52 weeks.

Conclusion:

Delayed loading was not superior to standard loading in reducing the heel-rise height difference at 1 year. The data indirectly suggested reduced inflammation in the initial months and a better patient-reported outcome at 1 year in the delayed group. The soleus part of the tendon was already markedly elongated (35%) 1 week after surgery, while the length of the gastrocnemius tendon was unchanged at 1 week but was 6% elongated at 1 year. Together, these data indirectly suggest that the delayed group fared better, although this finding needs to be confirmed in future investigations.

Registration:

NCT04263493 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Incidence of Convergence Between Distally and Anteriorly Oriented ALL Femoral Tunnels and ACL Femoral Tunnels in Combined ACL and ALL Reconstruction: 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis of 227 Patients
Authors: Suh Dae Keun , Kang Min Wook , Kim Tae Jin , Kim Si Yeon , Wang Joon Ho
Published: February 2024

Background:

Adjusting the direction of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) femoral tunnel is suggested to avoid tunnel convergence during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Yet, there has been no in vivo clinical study reporting the effect of changing the direction of the ALL tunnel on the incidence of convergence with the ACL tunnel.

Purpose:

To report the incidence of convergence between the ACL femoral tunnel and a distally and anteriorly directed ALL femoral tunnel and to determine a safe distal angle and anterior angle.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 227 patients undergoing concomitant ALL and anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction between January 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The tunnel convergence rate, angular orientation of the tunnels, and distance between tunnels were obtained using postoperative computed tomography. The patients were grouped based on the direction of the ALL tunnel (transverse vs distal anterior) and the presence of tunnel convergence (convergence vs no convergence).

Results:

The overall tunnel convergence rate was 53.3% (121/227 patients). Tunnel convergence was observed less frequently in the distal anterior group (33.7%) than in the transverse group (65.2%) ( P < .001). The no convergence group showed an ALL tunnel oriented more distally (20.2°± 11.1°) and anteriorly (19.5°± 10.2°) compared with the convergence group (8.7°± 6.5° and 6.9°± 5.3°, respectively) ( P = .005 and P = .008, respectively). There were no cases of tunnel convergence for ALL tunnels >24.3° distally and >25.5° anteriorly. There was no difference in the angle of the ACL femoral tunnel between all groups.

Conclusion:

A distally and anteriorly directed ALL femoral tunnel reduced the incidence of convergence with the ACL femoral tunnel. A distal angle >24.3° and an anterior angle >25.5° of an ALL tunnel are suggested to safely avoid convergence with the ACL tunnel.
Ultrasonic welding of composite laminate GF/PA6: Weldability and weld quality by current and strength
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad , Golzar Mohammad , Akbari Davood , Karafi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2024

Ultrasonic welding (USW) of thermoplastic composites is considered as an interesting joint technique, which can be cost-effective due to its short welding time. The paper focuses on studying the effect of USW current on strength and quality of welding. In this paper, the welding of thermoplastic unidirectional prepregs glass/polyamide 6 composites laminate with stacking sequence of (0/90/+45/−45/−45/+45/90/0) is conducted by USW. A flat energy director is used to concentrate the interface heat. To examine the interface microstructure, the current-time graph was utilized during welding processes, and the relationship between such interface events, consumed current, weld strength, weldability, and weld quality is fully investigated. Based on the results, the highest welding strength and welding quality of thermoplastic composites can be obtained when the energy director and the first layer of the composite are completely melted and no disorder is observed in the fibers. In addition, the highest joint strength equals to 24.46 MPa, which is obtained after 1830 ms welding time.
Lifetime Abuse Victimization and Prospective Health Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Moorman Sara M. , Qin Yue
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The current study examined the associations between lifetime abuse victimization and prospective health outcomes in late adulthood. Methods: Data from 4907 older adults (mean age = 80) from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study were analyzed. Multivariate analyses examined the associations of lifetime abuse victimization with depression, physical health status, and memory. Results: Greater exposure to lifetime abuse was associated with a significantly higher risk of depression (OR = 1.13, CI: [1.08, 1.19], p < .001) and a greater number of limitations in physical functioning ( b = .08, SE = .02, p < .001), but not with memory performance ( b = .01, SE = .14, p > .05). Discussion: Our results support the interrelations of interpersonal violence across the life course and the lasting health effects of exposure to lifetime abuse. Findings highlight the need for a life course-based, trauma-informed approach in prevention and intervention programs for older adults.
“We do not go outside, though We want to”: Unequal Access to Public Transport and Transport-Related Social Exclusion of Older Adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Jahangir Selim , Bailey Ajay , Hasan Musleh Uddin , Hossain Shanawez
Published: February 2024

This study investigated key physical and social barriers to accessing public transport in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and how the unequal accessibility of transport leads to the social exclusion of older adults. Employing a transport disadvantage perspective and drawing on visual surveys and in-depth interviews, the study explores the context and lived experiences of older adults using public transport in their everyday lives. Difficulty in accessing buses due to overcrowding and congestion, struggling to get on rickshaws due to height, avoiding CNG (an autorickshaw) and cabs due to high fares, disliking Laguna (a small four-wheeler human haulier for carrying passengers) for compact seating arrangements, undesirable behavior, and social attitudes discourage older adults from participating in social activities and produce a feeling of social isolation and exclusion. Hence, more inclusive transport policies are essential in low- and middle-income countries to reduce transport-related social exclusion and improve the well-being of older adults.
The evolutionary path of medical waste management research: Insights from co-citation and co-word analysis
Authors: Soyler Arif , Burmaoglu Serhat , Kidak Levent Bekir
Published: February 2024

Over the past decades, medical waste management (MWM) has evolved into a paramount global challenge, intertwining environmental sustainability and public health dimensions. This manuscript traces the paradigm shift from the foundational Basel Convention of 1989 to the significant sway of World Health Organization publications on contemporary debates. Utilizing a mixed approach strategy that blended qualitative and quantitative techniques, the research employed extensive literature review, co-citation and co-word analysis methodologies to ascertain the direction of contemporary trends in MWM. Within the scope of the research findings, current strategies reveal noticeable gaps, especially those that lack sound policy structures, comprehensive insights and effective operational frameworks. Co-citation evaluations spotlight predominant themes in academic references. Foremost among them are the socioeconomic factor, environmental significance, medical waste (MW) stabilization and sustainable society, sequenced by cluster magnitude. Co-word analysis unveils that, despite the long-standing presence of incineration plants, pyrolysis has, since 2016, prioritized environmental considerations. The recycling ethos peaked in 2014, but the sustainability paradigm burgeoned in 2020, with the ‘circular economy’ gaining momentum in 2021. Emerging trend analysis underscores the mounting significance of circular waste technologies and sustainability as indispensable solutions. Results demonstrate MW advancements and highlight emerging trends shaping the future of the field. The research concludes by accentuating the necessity of global collaborative efforts, integrating cutting-edge technologies and infusing sustainability and circularity tenets into societal frameworks to navigate MWM’s intricate landscape. Future research trajectories, including wastewater governance, novel mobile waste disposal strategies and a cyclic waste classification paradigm, are proposed.
Investigation on the influence of FSP parameters on TIG welded dissimilar aluminum joints using RSM and desirability function approach
Authors: Bin Reyaz Md Saquib , Sinha Amar Nath
Published: February 2024

The present study aimed to explore the cumulative influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters, viz., tool spindle speed, traverse speed, and tool tilt angle, on the ultimate tensile strength (TS), ultimate flexural strength (FS), microhardness (MH), and wear rate (WR) of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded dissimilar AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 alloy joints. A face-cantered central composite design (FCCCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to design the experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to identify the significant factors and interaction effects. Multi-response optimization was performed using the desirability function approach to identify parameters that maximize TS, FS, and MH and minimize WR. A confirmation study under optimal conditions were also carried out. FSP significantly improved the TIG joint properties by producing more homogeneous and refined grains (average grain size of 7.75 µm) without any weld defects. The TS, FS, and MH of TIG welds have increased by 66.87%, 61.95%, and 69.01%, respectively, while the WR decreased by 37.87% after FSP. The fractography revealed that TIG welds lead to a brittle failure mode, and the FSP + TIG welds showed a ductile failure mode. The tool spindle speed was the most influential factor affecting joint properties. With increased spindle speed, the TS, FS, and MH of the joint increased, while the WR decreased. At a spindle speed of 1300 rpm, a traverse speed of 50.75 mm/min, and a tilt angle of 1.76°, the optimum TS of 271.89 MPa, the FS of 298.03 MPa, the MH of 122.23 HV, and the WR of 77.48 µm were observed.
Effect of cylindrical ribs arrangement in the cavity region of the microchannel heatsink with a fan-shaped cavity
Authors: Ali Saqib , Alam Shahnwaz , Khan Mohammad Nawaz
Published: February 2024

Fan-shaped cavity microchannel heatsink with the combination of ribs is an effective configuration to dissipate large amounts of heat at the expense of lower pressure drop. However, the most effective location of circular ribs within a fan-shaped cavity which enhances the performance of a microchannel heat sink is still unknown. In this work, seven different structural units based on the ribs location in the cavity region such as ribs at the front of the cavities (RFC), at the back (RBC), at the centre (RCC), at the front and back (RFBC), at the left (RLC), at the right (RRC) and at the left and right (RLRC) are analysed for the range of Reynolds number from 100 to 500 and the results are compared with the microchannel with fan-shaped cavity only (MHFC) and plain rectangular microchannel heat sink on the basis of Nusselt number, interface temperature, pressure drop and performance factor. A notable finding of this study is identifying a rib as a disruption leading to the splitting of flow into two streams towards the arcuate region of the cavity and results in the enhanced mixing of the mainstream flow and the trapped fluid in the arcuate region. The maximum Nusselt number is exhibited by the RFBC with an increment of about 19% relative to the conventional centre location of the ribs in the cavity (RCC). At a lower Reynolds number, the Nusselt number of RLRC is lower than RCC and RBC however at Re > 300, the Nusselt number of RLRC is nearly equal to RCC whereas the minimum Nusselt number is associated with RRC and RLC among the microchannels having cavities and ribs. Along with the highest Nusselt number the largest value of pressure drop is also associated with RFBC whereas minimum pressure drop is accompanied by RRC and RLC.
Annie Ernaux: future prospects and the politics of time
Authors: Jefferson Ann
Published: February 2024

This article considers the elaboration of time as part of the formal construction that relates writing and politics in Ernaux's work. Beginning with her claim that ‘Écrire, c’est créer du temps’, particular attention is paid to the role of the future in Ernaux's ‘lived time’, especially the future as anticipated in the past. Her accounts of the past, in both fiction and autobiographical writing, show how unquestioned expectations about the future serve to direct the course of human lives and sustain different forms of injustice. Assumptions about both class and gender underpin future prospects in childhood, education, love, sex, pregnancy and marriage. Finally, writing itself is conceived by Ernaux predominantly in relation to the future.
« Désirer désobéir » : politique et stylistique d’un vivre autrement chez Annie Ernaux
Authors: Bourne-Taylor Carole
Published: February 2024

In the works of Annie Ernaux, the alliance of desire and disobedience (which I borrow from Georges Didi-Huberman) crystallises a commitment driven by indignation and sustained, as it was in Camus's oeuvre, by a creative revolt against both the indignities endured by the dominated and the government's shameful acts towards them, as well as against the State's disengagement from public services and any instance of declinist discourse. Annie Ernaux's opposition to power transcends mere protest : reminiscent of Camus, who remains a great inspiration, a positive energy ‘for’ rather than merely ‘against’ drives her quest for truth, her belief in the exercise of freedom and her fight for dignity. Her engagement against all forms of injustice (whether it be French migration policy, the treatment of the Yellow Vests by the French authorities or the pension reform of 2023) confirms her role as a key protagonist of the re-politicization of the anti-capital movement. If Jean-Luc Mélenchon symbolises a form of counter-power, Ernaux, on the other hand, embodies the power of desire and boundless imagination. Politics and ethics come together in her stylistics (that encompasses accuracy of expression) and carry the hope of another, better life.
Treating nations like people: How responsibility attributions shape citizens’ fiscal solidarity with other EU countries
Authors: Clasen Patrick
Published: February 2024

Scholars have so far not paid sufficient attention to the role of attributed responsibility of countries when they need to explain variations of European fiscal solidarity. Do citizens consider the responsibility of other countries when expressing solidarity with them? This article advances the argument that individuals apply similar heuristics to countries as to other individuals. When expressing solidarity with another country, individuals rely on cues about deservingness. The role of responsibility attributions is tested in this article using logistic regression on survey data from 10 EU countries. Results show that citizens in rich welfare states reduce their solidarity for other countries if they deem them responsible for their own crises. This suggests that rich welfare states hinder the development of solidarity beyond their national boundaries. This research contributes to our understanding of the role of deservingness attributions in European solidarity, as well as to our understanding of the role of the welfare state in solidarity.
A systematic review of IDEAs in librarianship: Working together move toward greater ideas
Authors: Kang Qi , Lu Jinyi , Wang Pianran , Wang Hanqing
Published: February 2024

Dramatic demographic shifts that is now more racially and ethnically diverse, as well as the abundance of inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility (IDEA) topics, are discussed in the literature and found within conference themes and professional organizations. This systematic review demonstrates the status and identifies the main common views, changes, and notable gaps in the research on IDEA, and social justice; anti-racism; and cultural humility presented and interconnected, particularly in the LIS literature from 2018 to 2022. A framework for LIS professionals was developed to provide a broad LIS vision regarding IDEA-related aspects. This review extends previous work by providing a more comprehensive treatment of relevant terms and presenting additional elements not previously examined. We hope that this review will motivate the LIS community specific to the United States to address issues of systemic/structural racism and to work together toward ensuring more IDEA in all communities, especially underrepresented and marginalized groups.
Investigation of Allogeneic Neutrophil Transfusion in Improving Survival Rates of Severe Infection Mice
Authors: Li Linbin , Yang Yunxi , Guo Zaiwen , Gao Xi , Liu Lu , Huang Jiamin , Sun Bingwei
Published: February 2024

The management of granulocytopenia-associated infections is challenging, and a high mortality rate is associated with traditional supportive therapies. Neutrophils—the primary defenders of the human immune system—have potent bactericidal capabilities. Here, we investigated the dynamic in vivo distribution of neutrophil transfusion and their impact on the treatment outcome of severe granulocytopenic infections. We transfused 89Zr-labeled neutrophils in the C57BL/6 mice and observed the dynamic neutrophil distribution in mice for 24 h using the micro-positron emission tomography (Micro-PET) technique. The labeled neutrophils were predominantly retained in the lungs and spleen up to 4 h after injection and then redistributed to other organs, such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Neutrophil transfusion did not elicit marked inflammatory responses or organ damage in healthy host mice. Notably, allogeneic neutrophils showed rapid chemotaxis to the infected area of the host within 1 h. Tail vein infusion of approximately 107 neutrophils substantially bolstered host immunity, ameliorated the inflammatory state, and increased survival rates in neutrophil-depleted and infected mice. Overall, massive allogeneic neutrophil transfusion had a therapeutic effect in severe infections and can have extensive applications in the future.
Red-zoning: Spatial logics, the prototype and colour-coded cartographies of insecurity
Authors: Jerrems Ari , Lemay-Hébert Nicolas
Published: February 2024

Red-zoning emerged as a key security practice in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, with colour-coded security zones defining the spatial dimensions of diverse restrictions. However, red-zoning, understood as the cartographic practice of ascribing the colour red to a geographically defined area, has a long history. Prior to the pandemic, red zones were already being established and delimited in diverse locations around the globe. The spatial form of the red zone has recently been taken as paradigmatic of specific conceptions of security and insecurity in the present. However, as we demonstrate in this article, red zones operate in diverse ways across a wide array of fields including policing, military intervention and hazard and disaster risk analysis. This article seeks to make sense of the contemporary use of red zones and analyse the logics of security and politics underpinning them, without reducing the rationality of red zones to a singular overarching narrative or wallowing in their irreconcilable complexity. Rather than encountering the logics of red-zoning fully formed, we suggest that it is more fruitful to track their formulation through transversal connections and contested situations. We provide a conceptual framework for doing so through the notion of the prototype. In contrast to accounts that take spatial forms as paradigms of the security logics of the present, the prototype allows us to explore how ideas and practices develop through dispersed and contested interventions.
Ethical challenges during critical phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: An interpretive synthesis
Authors: Macpherson Ignacio , Roqué María V , Echarte Luis , Segarra Ignacio
Published: February 2024

Background

During the most critical phases of COVID-19 pandemic, dramatic situations were experienced in hospitals and care centers that nurses could hardly verbalize. Especially relevant were deep challenges related to terminal illness, situations of extreme sacrifice, as well as reflections on protective measures mixed with beliefs. We intend to analyze which problems had the greatest impact on professionals.

Aim

The aim is to explore the ultimate basis for action when making decisions and the orientation of their behavior in the face of moral conflicts.

Method

The methodological strategy is an interpretive synthesis. Narrative review of academic articles that analyzed ethical dilemmas during the pandemic was carried out by searching five databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo, CINHAL, and WOS) between January 2020 and December 2022. Finally, 43 articles were selected.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical requirements were respected in all study phases.

Results

The reading and review of the 43 articles initiated the first phase of inductive coding which resulted in 14 initial sub-themes. Based on this structure, a second phase of coding was carried out, giving rise to six categories or emerging themes. To facilitate the process of identifying the central category, the authors agreed to carry out a phase of synthesis, grouping the six themes into three meta-themes: the identification and acceptance of human vulnerability; the discovery of positive paradigms in traumatic situations in society; the prevalence of the common good over the particular interest, as the core structure of any society.

Conclusion

The study has shown the need to consider healthcare benevolence as a new dimension of health care upon global vulnerability. Responsibility is required to ensure the well-being of a global society, prioritizing the common good over particular interests and building solutions on solid moral structures. A new ethical landscape is essential, starting with a humanistic curricular training of all healthcare professionals.
Limited English Proficiency and Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit: An Integrated Review
Authors: Lehman Rachel , Moriarty Helene
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Language barriers place patients at risk of substandard care. Hospitalized patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) face unique challenges, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this review is to critique and synthesize quantitative evidence on LEP and ICU outcomes.

Methodology:

Quantitative studies published in English between 1999 and 2022 were queried using intentional terminology.

Results:

Searches yielded 138 results, with 12 meeting inclusion criteria. The analysis resulted in the extrapolation of five themes pertinent to outcomes of ICU patients or families with LEP: (a) knowledge deficit relating to conditions and care; (b) lack of language-appropriate care; (c) alienation from care process; (d) decreased confidence and ownership of care; and (e) relationship to clinical quality indicators.

Discussion:

Outcomes associated with LEP were largely negative and revealed unmet needs for ICU patients with LEP. More research is needed to improve linguistically and culturally congruent care in the ICU.
Can Muscular Parameters Predict Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression?
Authors: Tanaka Gabriella Mayumi , Neves Lucas Melo , Gonçalves Cristiane Maria , Rasquinho Guilherme Araújo , Reimberg Thais , Oliveira Rosemeire de , Lima Anderson Fortunato de , Gil Saulo
Published: February 2024

Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders are among the major public health issues. Therefore, identifying predictors of symptoms of depression and anxiety holds fundamental importance to avoid the aggravation of these conditions. Muscle strength and function (e.g., handgrip strength and timed-stands test) are widely recognized predictors of health outcomes; however, their association with symptoms of depression and anxiety is still not completely understood. This study investigated the associations between handgrip strength and timed-stands test scores with symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether individuals exhibiting greater strength levels demonstrate reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to those with lower levels of strength. This is a community-based, cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited through social media and underwent a semi-structured interview to record sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, use of tobacco and medication, and symptoms of anxiety (Beck’s Anxiety Inventory [BAI]) and depression (Beck’s Depressive Inventory [BDI]). Subsequently, anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and functionality (i.e., timed-stands test) were assessed. In all, 216 individuals were evaluated. The adjusted regression model showed an inverse association between handgrip strength and anxiety (β = −0.22; 95% CI [−0.38, −0.07]; R2 = 0.07, p = .005) and depression symptoms (β = −0.25; 95% CI [−0.42, −0.07]; R2 = 0.05, p = .006). Similarly, timed-stands test scores were associated with anxiety (β = −0.33; 95% CI [−0.54, −0.13]; R2 = 0.09, p = .002) and depression (β = −0.32; 95% CI [−0.56, −0.09]; R2 = 0.06, p = .008). Furthermore, the low-strength group showed higher values on the BAI (9.5 vs. 5.9 arbitrary units; p = .0008) and BDI than the high-strength group (10.8 vs. 7.9 arbitrary units; p = .0214). When individuals were stratified by the timed-stands test, the low timed-stands group demonstrated higher values on the BAI (9.9 vs. 5.5 arbitrary units; p = .0030) and BDI than the high timed-stands group (11.2 vs. 7.5 arbitrary units; p < .0001). The results highlight muscular parameters as significant predictors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.
Bilateral Cleft lip Simulation
Authors: Zaga-Galante Jonathan , Tse Raymond , Hopper Richard A , Arnold Anne , Fisher David M , Wong-Riff Karen W , Podolsky Dale J
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate the features, anatomic accuracy, and educational value of a high-fidelity bilateral cleft lip simulator.

Design

Evaluation of the simulator by expert cleft surgeons after performing a simulated bilateral cleft lip repair.

Setting

The simulator was evaluated by the surgeons during the Latin American Craniofacial Association meeting.

Participants

Eleven experienced cleft surgeons evaluated the simulator. The cleft surgeons were selected based on their availability during the meeting.

Interventions

The participants performed a simulated bilateral cleft lip repair. They were each provided with a questionnaire assessing the simulator's features, realism and value as a training tool.

Main Outcome Measure (s)

The main outcome measure are the scores obtained from a Likert-type questionnaire assessing the simulators features, realism and value.

Results

Overall, the surgeons agreed with the simulator's realism and anatomic accuracy (average score of 3.7 out of 5). Overall, the surgeons strongly agreed with the value of the simulator as a training tool (average score of 4.6 out of 5).

Conclusions

A high-fidelity bilateral cleft lip simulator was developed that is realistic and valuable as a training tool. The simulator provides a comprehensive training platform to gain hands-on experience in bilateral cleft lip repair before operating on real patients.
Diversity and Inclusion Under Pressure: Building Relational Resilience into Humanitarian Operations
Authors: Gazdag Brooke A , Van Quaquebeke Niels , Besiou Maria
Published: February 2024

In this essay, our analysis takes important insights on diversity and inclusion from the behavioral literature but critically contextualizes them against the reality of humanitarian operations. Humanitarian operations are characterized by system immanent diversity, particularly between local and expatriate aid workers, who not only bring valuable different perspectives to the table but also differ along multiple dimensions of diversity into a so-called diversity faultline. Such a faultline, however, provides fertile ground for continued conflict resulting in relational fractures and, ultimately, inefficient collaboration. While, in theory, inclusion could help overcome the negative effects of faultlines, in practice, the time pressure for humanitarian organizations to quickly respond to disasters makes it effectively impossible to engage in it. Against this background, we argue, humanitarian organizations should take preemptive action before disaster strikes. Specifically, we posit that the pre-disaster phase presents an opportunity to engage in inclusion in order to cultivate relational resilience between local and expatriate aid workers. Such resilience would enable them to not only better weather the inevitable relational fractures during a disaster response (and thus stay more functional throughout), but also quickly realign with each other in the post-disaster phase. We conclude with a set of concrete recommendations for practicing inclusion in the pre-disaster phase.
Trend-Chasing Versus Minimalism: Selling Fewer, Better Products to Fashion-Sensitive Customers
Authors: Jalili Monire , Pangburn Michael S , Yazdani Alireza
Published: February 2024

Fashion sellers are sometimes critiqued for selling low durability products, resulting in waste. Blame is also directed at consumers, who purchase new fashions despite having accumulated a closet full of prior fashions. The “slow fashion” movement encourages sellers to produce higher durable products, thus supporting less frequent purchases by consumers. Using an infinite-time model and considering strategic consumer behavior, including their ability to accumulate a “closet” of varieties over time, we analyze the seller’s profit-maximizing price and product-durability decisions. We initially assume a static price but later analyze the potential profit gains from dynamic pricing. When analyzing a heterogeneous consumer market, we initially allow customers to vary (distributed uniformly) in their sensitivity to fashion. Subsequently, we explore alternative distributions for consumers’ fashion sensitivity and the correlation between their fashion sensitivities and product valuations. Using this framework, we show how the seller’s optimal price and durability decisions yield distinct shopping segments, which we refer to as the minimalist versus trend-chasers. We find that if the degree of fashion uncertainty is moderate, the seller’s optimal choice of product durability will support the emergence of both behaviors. As the variety uncertainty expands, if the seller’s costs are sufficiently low, it will support a throwaway culture via disposable products. Otherwise, given high costs, the seller optimally targets a slow fashion-type outcome, with consumers targeting reuse (with durability) rather than variety. Our findings shed light on consumers’ optimal purchasing behaviors in relation to both market parameters and the firm’s pricing and durability decisions.
Regulation of Privatized Public Service Systems
Authors: Hu Ming , Huang Weixiang , Liu Chunhui , Zhou Wenhui
Published: February 2024

To alleviate the financial shortage for public service provision, a government agency may jointly finance, own, and run a service system with a private firm (in the manner of a joint venture) or delegate service provision to the firm subject to regulation in service price or wait time. We model the service system as a queueing system in which customers are heterogeneous in service valuation and sensitive to price and delay. While the government aims to maximize social welfare, the firm’s goal is to maximize profit. Hence, the joint venture has the objective of a mix of profit maximization and social welfare creation. Under the regulation, two types of interaction between the government and the firm, that is, sequential move (in the absence of the government’s myopic adjustment) and simultaneous move (in the presence of myopic adjustment), are considered. We find that while wait time regulation is more efficient than price regulation in the presence of myopic adjustment, the relationship is reversed in the absence of myopic adjustment. Somewhat surprisingly, price regulation with myopic adjustment may backfire. However, in some instances, the government must take a large share in a joint venture to achieve the same performance under price regulation without myopic adjustment. Our work uncovers whether the government adopts myopic adjustment plays a critical role in choosing the regulation instrument.
The Influence of Culture and Gender in Luxury Brand Consumption: A Comparison Across Western and Eastern Culture Consumers
Authors: Tafani Eric , Vigneron Franck , Azoulay Audrey , Crener Sandrine , Zahid Abdul
Published: February 2024

Culture and gender differences in values associated with luxury consumption are investigated. Two Western individualistic-oriented countries with mature luxury markets (France and the United States) and two Eastern collectivistic-oriented countries with developing luxury markets (the United Arab Emirates and China) are compared using a previously developed model of luxury values. Main results indicate that refinement, heritage, and, to a lesser extent, exclusivity receive greater emphasis in Western rather than Eastern countries. Chinese and U.S. consumers place particular emphasis on elitism. Additionally, gender shapes the importance placed on luxury values: men emphasize elitism (and exclusivity in Western countries only), whereas women emphasize refinement. Furthermore, adherence to own-gender beliefs (i.e., traits attributed to one's gender) fully mediates gender influence within all four countries. Theoretical implications are discussed based on major frameworks of national culture and the social structural theory. Managerial implications in terms of cultural and gendered adaptation of marketing strategies are considered.