bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)’de Diflovidazin Direnci ve I1017F Mutasyonu
Authors: YORULMAZ SALMAN Sibel , İNAK Emre , ALBAYRAK Tuba , SELVİOĞLU Zeynep
Published: December 2021

Tetranychus urticae birçok üründe önemli kayıplara neden olan polifag bir zararlıdır. Ülkemizde bu zararlının kontrolünde kimyasal mücadelede ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Diflovidazin etken maddesi akarisit olup, ülkemizde yakın bir tarihte Avrupa kırmızıörümceği Panonycus ulmi (Acari:Tetranychidae)’ye karşı elmada ruhsat almıştır. Ancak elma bahçelerinde dönemsel olarak Tetranychus urticae zararı olduğu da bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle diflovidazinin Tetranychus urticae üzerindeki etkilerinin ne olduğunun bilinmesi son derece önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada diflovidazin etken maddesinin laboratuvar koşullarında seleksiyon baskısı sonucunda Tetranychus urticae’de direnç gelişimi ve dirençle ilişkili olabileceği düşünülen I1017F mutasyonunun moleküler düzeyde belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla hassas Tetranychus urticae popülasyonunda diflovidazin tarla uygulama dozu ile bioassay denemeler kurularak LC değerleri belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen LC60 değerleri ile kırmızıörümcek popülasyonu selekte edilerek dirençli popülasyon elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son seleksiyon popülasyonunda PCR çalışmaları ile I1017F mutasyon varlığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda diflovidazin ile üç kez selekte edilmiş Tetranychus urticae popülasyonunda 9.68 kat direnç gelişimi belirlenmiştir. Ancak moleküler çalışmalar sonucunda diflovidazin dirençli popülasyonda I1017F mutasyonu bulunmamıştır.
Oğuzlar 77 Ceviz Üretici Sorunlarının İncelenmesi (Çorum İli Oğuzlar İlçe Örneği)
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Rüveyda
Published: December 2021

Oğuzlar 77 cevizi üreticilerinin yetiştiricilik ve pazarlama sorunları bu araştırmada incelenmek istenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 100 ceviz üreticisi ile görüşülmüştür. Üreticilerin ortalama yaşının 58.1 ve %64.00’nün ilkokul mezunu olduğu söylenebilir. Üreticilerin 18.28 yıllık ceviz yetiştiriciliği deneyimi söz konusudur. %96.00’sı tescilli ürün üretmektedir. Üreticilerin %76.00’sı sadece ceviz yetiştiriciliğinden gelir elde etmektedir. Üreticilerin ortalama 10.47 da alanda üretim yapmakta ve ağaç başına ortalama 15.07 kg ceviz elde etmektedir. Üreticilerin %79.00’u yetiştiricilik problemi yaşamaktadır. Yetiştiricilikteki en büyük problem ise doğal ve iklimsel afetlerdir. Yetiştiricilerin yetiştiricilik problemini işletmecinin yaşı, yetiştiricilik tecrübesi ve ceviz ekim alanı istatistiki olarak etkilediği logit analizi sonucu söylenebilir. Üretilen cevizlerin %82.00’si toptan tüccarlara pazarlanmaktadır. Üreticilerin %97.00’sinin pazarlama sorunu yaşamadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda küçük aile işletmeleri olan ceviz yetiştiriciliğinde problem olduğu gözlenmiştir. İklim değişikliği gibi doğal afetlerden etkilenen yetiştiricilere sigorta yaptırması ve sigortalatma hakkında eğitim verilmesi önerilebilir. Aile işletmesi olan üreticilerin kadın girişimciliğine yönelik eğitim verilebilir. Cevizin değerlendirilmesi için cevizi sadece ham ürün değil katma değer katacak ceviz reçeli, köme/cevizli sucuk gibi ürünlere dönüştürülerek de kadın işletmeleri kurulması önerilebilir.
Referans Evapotranspirasyon Hesabında Kullanılacak Android Tabanlı Bir Uygulamanın Geliştirilmesi
Authors: BİRCAN Neslihan , KIZIL Ünal
Published: December 2021

Akıllı cihaz olarak adlandırılan tablet ve cep telefonlarında en yaygın kullanılan Android işletim sistemleri üzerinde çalışabilen ve referans bitki su tüketimi ya da referans evapotranspirasyon hesabı yapan bir uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen uygulama ile 17 adımda hesaplanan, birçok meteorolojik veriye ve tablo değerine ihtiyaç duyulan referans bitki su tüketimi değeri sadece il ve enlem derecesi seçimi yapılarak kolayca hesaplanabilmektedir. Meteorolojik verilerin seçilen il bilgisine bağlı olarak programlama ara yüzü olarak da bilinen API bağlantısı gerçekleştirilerek online veri tabanından çekilmesi sağlanmıştır. Akıllı cihazın GPS sensörü ile elde edilen enlem derecesine göre aylık bazı tablo değerleri regresyon eşitlikleri kullanılarak kodlanmıştır. Uygulama Google’ın desteklediği online, sürükle-bırak tekniğine göre kodlama yapılabilen MIT App Inventor 2 platformunda geliştirilmiştir. Başka sensörlerle bluethooth ve GSM şebekesi üzerinden bağlantı kurabilme yeteneğine sahip olan uygulama ile sulama sistemlerinin otomasyonunda kullanılabilecek, dinamik ve veri transfer ve depolama işlevi de bir araç geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada uygulamanın geliştirilme aşama ve yöntemleri tartışılmış örnek bir çözüm hem uygulama ile hem de el ile yapılarak uygulamanın genel performansı değerlendirilmiştir.
THE PARADOX BETWEEN TRUTH AND LIES
Authors: Aberšek Boris
Published: December 2021

In today’s age of fast and multifarious publications, we often come across such paradoxes, for example, that research and statistical analysis may indeed have been carried out correctly (properly), but the interpretation of the results is inadequate, or even incorrect, or misleading. To relate this hypothesis to Moravec’s paradox, one could reformulate the latter by saying that ‘to do research is easy; to discuss results is difficult’. But why is this so? Let us consider this issue from the perspective of another paradox, Simpson’s paradox.
THE USE OF THE INTERPRETATION OF WORKS OF ART IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: Rochovská Ivana , Švábová Božena
Published: December 2021

The research focuses on examining the use of the interpretation of works of art in pre-school education in three dimensions - the current state of the use of the interpretation of works of art, the opinions of kindergarten teachers on art, and the opportunities for kindergarten teachers to acquire knowledge about the theory and history of art in their undergraduate training or in other forms of education. The aim of the research was to determine a correlation between the aforementioned variables. 366 kindergarten teachers responded to the items of the self-constructed questionnaire. It has been proven that the current state of the use of the interpretation of works of art in pre-school education can be described as below average, the opportunities for kindergarten teachers to acquire knowledge from the theory and history of art in their pre-graduate training or in other forms of education were lower than average, and the opinions of kindergarten teachers on art can also be described as below average. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the aforementioned dimensions of the interpretation of works of art in pre-school education.
Keywords: empirical experience, kindergarten teacher, pre-school education, works of art
A Comparative Study between Helicobacter Pylori Antigen in Stool with Histopathology and Rapid Urease Test of Endoscopic Biopsy in PUD Patient
Authors: Chowdhury Md Nazrul Islam , Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub , Naher Qamrun , Chakraborty Lokesh , Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Rashid Md Mamun Ar , Badiuzzaman Shaikh
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To assess stool antigen test as an early effective diagnostic tool like other methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in PUD patient.

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried in a clinical pathology department of a tertiary level hospital. We included all patients with peptic ulcer disease those who were diagnosed by upper GIT endoscopy. Demographic variables and value of laboratory test including Stool antigen test, rapid urease test was studied in this study.

Result: A total of eighty-six patients were undergone for endoscopy after tested for Helicobactor pylori antigen in stool. Among 86 study subjects, Male was 56 (65%) and female was 30 (35%). The Mean (±SD) age was found 38.53(±10.40) years with range from 21 to above 60 years. Stool antigen test positive in 66 (66/86, 76.74%), negative in 20 (20/86, 23.3%). Rapid Urease Test positive in 76 (76/86, 88.4%), negative in 20 (20/86, 11.6%). Histopathology positive in 65 (65/86, 75.58%), negative in 21 (21/86, 24.42%). The result was statistically highly significant (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Stool antigen test (SAT) is an early effective diagnostic tool like other methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in our country.

CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 19-25
Frosted Branch Angiitis (FBA): A case report
Authors: Saki Sadia Yeasmin , Alam Mezbahul , Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to describe a rare case report for raising the awareness of existence of this rare ocular disease and also review the characteristics of this disease.  A 35-year-old man presented with acute vision loss in both eye after high grade fever. On fundoscopic examination flower petal pattern blood vessel sheathing in temporal quadrant of both eyes was seen. A provisional diagnosis of frosted branch angiitis was considered. The patient responds promptly with Intravenous and oral corticosteroid. A total of 58 cases have been reported in worldwide literature. The disease is likely to represent a common immune pathway in response to multiple infective agents.

CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 42-44
Astigmatism Correction during Femtosecond Laser-assisted Transepithelial Arcuate Keratotomy Using the Wound Open Method
Authors: Chung Joon Kyo , Han Gyu Le , Noh Hoon , Lim Dong Hui , Chung Tae-Young
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare corneal astigmatism correction between “wound open” and “wound intact” methods during femtosecond laser-assisted transepithelial arcuate keratotomy.Methods: From April 2016 to December 2018, a retrospective survey was conducted on patients undergoing femtosecond laser cataract surgery at the Ophthalmology Department of Samsung Medical Center. Size comparison and vector analysis of corneal astigmatism before and after surgery were performed in the wound open and wound intact groups.Results: In the wound open and wound intact groups, the target-induced astigmatism (TIA) was 1.28 ± 0.55; and 1.26 ± 0.29 diopters, the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 0.80 ± 0.52; and 0.53 ± 0.32 diopters, and the correction index (CI) was 0.63 ± 0.28; and 0.43 ± 0.26, respectively. The astigmatism correction was superior in the wound open group (p = 0.048, p = 0.025). In a subgroup with TIA < 1.2 diopters, there were no significant differences in SIA or CI between the two groups; however, in the subgroup with a TIA > 1.2 diopters, the SIA was 1.09 ± 0.59; and 0.54 ± 0.37 diopters and the CI was 0.60 ± 0.28; and 0.36 ± 0.23 in the wound open and wound intact groups, respectively (p = 0.022, p = 0.047). Thus, astigmatism correction was superior in the wound open group.Conclusions: The wound open method during femtosecond laser-assisted transepithelial arcuate keratotomy was superior for astigmatism correction compared to the wound intact method.
Changes in Hypertropia in Patients with Asymmetric Inferior Oblique Overaction after Symmetric Inferior Oblique Myectomy
Authors: Heo Seo Yoon , Lee Haeng-Jin , Ahn Min
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of bilateral inferior oblique myectomy for hypertropia on the preoperative vertical deviation angle in patients with asymmetric primary inferior oblique overaction (IOOA).Methods: This study included patients who underwent bilateral inferior oblique myectomy and lateral rectus recession due to asymmetric primary IOOA and intermittent exotropia, and were followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. Pre- and post-operative vertical deviation angles were compared. The correlation between the extent of correction of vertical deviation after surgery and residual hypertropia, according to the preoperative degree of vertical deviation and difference between bilateral IOOA, was evaluated.Results: This study included 178 eyes from 89 patients. The angle of hypertropia in the primary position was reduced from 3.2 ± 2.2 prism diopters (PD) preoperatively to 0.5 ± 2.5 PD postoperatively (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between the preoperative interocular difference in IOOA and postoperative extent of correction of the vertical deviation (r = 0.044, p = 0.684), or between the preoperative difference in bilateral IOOA and residual hypertropia (Spearman's rank-order correlation, r = -0.084, p = 0.432). Increased preoperative hypertropia correlated with a greater extent of surgical correction of the vertical deviation (r = 0.733, p < 0.001). Preoperative hypertropia had no significant correlation with residual hypertropia (Spearman's rank-order correlation, r = 0.182, p = 0.087).Conclusions: In symmetric bilateral inferior oblique myectomy with bilateral lateral rectus recession for asymmetric bilateral primary IOOA with V-type intermittent exotropia, a positive correlation between the degree of preoperative vertical deviation and extent of correction of the vertical deviation was observed. Additionally, IOOA and hypertropia were significantly improved postoperatively.
Relationship of Synonyms with Transitional Words
Authors: Osmonova A.
Published: December 2021

The issue of the relationship of synonyms with transitional words is still actual. Because these two phenomena are important for linguistics. The article mentions the opinions of scientists in determining the nature of synonyms, as well as their specificity, the formation of synonyms in the Kyrgyz language, and their relationship with transitional words. Synonyms used figuratively for stylistic purposes have been corroborated by examples of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, euphemism, and discovery. Examples are given to show that euphemisms are a type of trope that conveys a figurative meaning of a word. In this regard, it is noted that in works of art, in addition to the generally accepted euphemisms for the Kyrgyz people, individual, contextual euphemisms are widely used, and transitional words are closely related to synonyms, especially with their contextual form and euphemisms. All of them are studied in fiction and serve as artistic means.
The Aspects of the Homonymy in Persian
Authors: Hasanova Ch.
Published: December 2021

The article studies the phenomenon of homophones, homographs and homoforms in Persian that has been paid less attention. The research comparatively analyzes the theories of linguists on homophones and discusses the appropriate ideas respectively.
Fulani herdsmen/farmers conflict and the challenges of food security in the middle belt region of Nigeria
Authors: Bassey Inyang Etim , Nta Effiong Eke , Offiong Ekwutosi
Published: December 2021

The agriculture sector, the backbone of an economy, provides the basic ingredients to mankind and raw material for industrialization. It plays a strategic role in the process of economic development and growth. Leading industrialized countries of today were once predominantly agricultural economies and still dominate in agriculture. The agricultural sector contributes a major proportion of the national income and caters to a large workforce segment. However, one of the biggest security challenges in Nigeria lately is the expanding clashes between farmers and herders. Today, the conflict has spread over several regions in Nigeria and the Middle-Belt-Region specifically. It is against this foundation that this research is carried out to inspect how conflicts between farmers and herders influence food production, food accessibility, food stability, and food usage in the Middle Belt. The study is based on selected secondary sources and findings from the field research conducted in the Middle Belt region such as Benue, Taraba, Adamawa, Bauchi, Nasarawa, etc. The qualitative research techniques involved in-depth interviews with local people and direct observation. This study observes that the food insecurity in this region is driven by the constant clash between the farmers and herdsmen, which have inflicted fear of going to cultivate their farmland in the lives of these rural farmers, consequently leading to shortages in food production in the region.
Flood Sensitivity, Risk Perception, and Support for Climate Action in the United States
Authors: Jamieson Thomas
Published: December 2021

Despite increasing evidence of the effects of climate change and scientific consensus about its threat, significant political barriers to climate action remain in the US. American public opinion about climate change is generally perceived as stable and sharply divided along partisan lines. However, less is known about the relationship between flood sensitivity and public opinion about climate change. Combining the ND-GAIN Urban Adaptation Assessment data of American cities with public opinion data from the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, this paper demonstrates the positive association between flood sensitivity and beliefs about climate change, risk perceptions, and support for climate action. These results have important implications for the understanding of public opinion about climate change, suggesting that flood sensitivity shapes perceptions of climate change. The results also have important implications for advocates of political action, suggesting that making flood sensitivity salient could help mobilize public support for climate action.
An Insight into Discourse Tact and Acts: An Analysis of a Case Study of a Spontaneous Argumentative Conversation
Authors: Motuma Fisseha
Published: December 2021

This case study investigated the discourse features and acts used in an argumentative conversation. The study employed purposive sampling method to gather data, and drew on a cell phone audio-recording of a series of authentic conversation. The data were analyzed through interpretive analysis technique. The results of the analysis reveal an authentic argumentative conversation appears more of interactional rather than transactional. The finding indicates how discourse articulates the ethical, ideological and family or social ties. It mirrors how the different linguistic features and speech acts performed influence the nature of a conversation and how the participants engaged in the conversation tried to respect maxims of politeness, relations, manners, quality and quantity to have safe and sound interaction. This implies discourse is not only constructed using different linguistic features and speech acts, but also it echoes the beliefs, feelings, cultural perspectives, social norms and relations of participants using different language functions.
COMPARTILHAMENTO DE EXPERIÊNCIAS E CONHECIMENTOS POR MEIO DE PRODUÇÕES TEXTUAIS: RELATO DE UM PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO COM IDOSAS
Authors: Paes Carolina Casarin , Bueno Rovana Kinas
Published: December 2021

Em uma cidade do interior do estado do Paraná, realizou-se um projeto de extensão para incentivar idosas a compartilhar, por meio de produções textuais, seus conhecimentos e experiências. Realizaram-se seis encontros, dos quais participaram 13 idosas com idades entre 61 e 89 anos. Apesar da resistência inicial para a escrita, obteve-se 19 produções textuais: oito relatos de experiência; seis cartas de conselhos ou reflexões; e cinco receitas. O compartilhamento do conhecimento e experiências aconteceu também verbalmente, destacando-se a importância do grupo de idosas como rede de apoio, a importância do contexto e relações familiares, o saudosismo pelo passado, e o sentimento de desvalorização. Com o projeto as participantes puderam refletir, compartilhar e ressignificar suas próprias experiências e sentimentos.
A Mathematical, Graphical and Visual Approach to Granular Synthesis Composition
Authors: Souza Fernando , Maia Jr. Adolfo
Published: December 2021

We show a method for Granular Synthesis Composition based on a mathematical modeling for the musical gesture. Each gesture is drawn as a curve generated from a particular mathematical model (or function) and coded as a MATLAB script. The gestures can be deterministic through defining mathematical time functions, hand free drawn, or even randomly generated. This parametric information of gestures is interpreted through OSC messages by a granular synthesizer (Granular Streamer). The musical composition is then realized with the models (scripts) written in MATLAB and exported to a graphical score (Granular Score). The method is amenable to allow statistical analysis of the granular sound streams and the final music composition. We also offer a way to create granular streams based on correlated pair of grains parameters.
Pharmacological, Technological, and Digital Innovative Aspects in Rhinology
Authors: Ruggiero Rosanna , Motta Giovanni , Massaro Giuseppe , Rafaniello Concetta , Della Corte Alberto , De Angelis Antonella , Capuano Annalisa , Motta Gaetano , Rossi Francesco
Published: December 2021

Innovation refers to the introduction of a product, a process, a service or a solution resulting in something new or significantly improved compared to the already available alternatives. In the clinical context, it is strictly related to the identification of a new added value in terms of quality, therapeutic efficacy and safety. Over the years several innovative approaches have been introduced in the clinical practice, revolutionizing the treatment and the management of important rhinologic conditions. Innovative tools, including new drugs, biomaterials, and mobile applications seem to be able to improve the clinical outcomes and the quality of life of many patients affected by (often relapsing) rhinologic diseases. Among the main modern pharmacological innovations, mention must be made of the biological drugs like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Recently, new mAbs have been introduced and investigated as useful arms in the treatment of some inflammatory/infectious or oncological diseases affecting the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The already approved or still investigated mAbs work inhibiting different type 2 inflammation pathways, including those mediated by IgE (omalizumab), IL-4/IL-13 (dupilumab), and IL-5 (mepolizumab). Moreover, considering the higher expression of PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the use of PD-1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab, or a dual CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade (ipilimumab plus nivolumab) appear to be an effective strategy for the treatment of this cancer form. The implants with bio-absorbable biomaterials represent new interesting available technological innovations. Moreover, advanced technologies such as the artificial intelligence, the machine learning as well as the augmented or virtual reality have also proved useful in rhinologic field with main impacts on precision medicine and surgery. Finally, the development and use of mobile-Health tools represent a winning strategy in monitoring of the therapy success, safety and tolerability as well as the progress of chronic disease including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Supporting the research of innovative tools and strategies (including pharmacological, technologic, or digital ones) is essential to improve the management of chronic diseases that significantly affect the patients' quality of life.
Intracellular Recording of Cardiomyocytes by Integrated Electrical Signal Recording and Electrical Pulse Regulating System
Authors: Liu Zhengjie , Xu Dongxin , Fang Jiaru , Xia Qijian , Zhong Wenxi , Li Hongbo , Huang Zhanyun , Cao Nan , Liu Xingxing , Chen Hui-Jiuan , Hu Ning
Published: December 2021

The electrophysiological signal can reflect the basic activity of cardiomyocytes, which is often used to study the working mechanism of heart. Intracellular recording is a powerful technique for studying transmembrane potential, proving a favorable strategy for electrophysiological research. To obtain high-quality and high-throughput intracellular electrical signals, an integrated electrical signal recording and electrical pulse regulating system based on nanopatterned microelectrode array (NPMEA) is developed in this work. Due to the large impedance of the electrode, a high-input impedance preamplifier is required. The high-frequency noise of the circuit and the baseline drift of the sensor are suppressed by a band-pass filter. After amplifying the signal, the data acquisition card (DAQ) is used to collect the signal. Meanwhile, the DAQ is utilized to generate pulses, achieving the electroporation of cells by NPMEA. Each channel uses a voltage follower to improve the pulse driving ability and isolates each electrode. The corresponding recording control software based on LabVIEW is developed to control the DAQ to collect, display and record electrical signals, and generate pulses. This integrated system can achieve high-throughput detection of intracellular electrical signals and provide a reliable recording tool for cell electro-physiological investigation.
Data Quality and Network Considerations for Mobile Contact Tracing and Health Monitoring
Authors: Dave Riya , Gupta Rashmi
Published: December 2021

Machine Learning (ML) has been a useful tool for scientific advancement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contact tracing apps are just one area reaping the benefits, as ML can use location and health data from these apps to forecast virus spread, predict “hotspots,” and identify vulnerable groups. However, to do so, it is first important to ensure that the dataset these apps yield is accurate, free of biases, and reliable, as any flaw can directly influence ML predictions. Given the lack of criteria to help ensure this, we present two requirements for those exploring using ML to follow. The requirements we presented work to uphold international data quality standards put forth for ML. We then identify where our requirements can be met, as countries have varying contact tracing apps and smartphone usages. Lastly, the advantages, limitations, and ethical considerations of our approach are discussed.
Assessing the Impact of Optimization Measures on Sustainable Water Resource Management in the Guanzhong Area, China
Authors: Tang Bin , Mao Ruichen , Song Jinxi , Sun Haotian , Kong Feihe , Cheng Dandong , Gao Xiangyu
Published: December 2021

Limited water resources and rapid socioeconomic development pose new challenges to watershed water resource management. By integrating the perspectives of stakeholders and decision-makers, this study aims to identify cases and approaches to achieve sustainable water resources management. It improves and expands the experience of previous project research. The comparative evaluation provides an analytical basis to verify the importance of stakeholder participation in water policy interactions. The results show that if an effective demand management policy is not implemented, the Guanzhong area will not meet water demand in the future. Through the combination of water-saving policies, water transfer projects and other measures, the available water resources will continue into the future. Optimizing management measures, improving the ecological environment, and encouraging stakeholder participation will help change this situation, although supply-side limitations and future uncertainties likely cause unsustainable water. Therefore, decision-makers should pay attention to the application potential of water-saving and other measures to reduce dependence on external water sources. In addition, the three sustainable development decision-making principles identified in this paper can promote the fairness and stability of water policy.
The Effect of High-Fat Diet and Exercise Intervention on the TNF-α Level in Rat Spleen
Authors: Feng Lin , Huang Feiyun , Ma Yinan , Tang Jialing
Published: December 2021

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption can trigger chronic inflammation in some tissues. However, it remains unclear if HFD induces chronic inflammation in the spleen. This investigation aims to address the effect of HFD consumption and exercise intervention on the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the spleen. Rats were subjected to HFD feeding and/or moderate-intensity treadmill running. The TNF-α levels in plasma and spleen were detected by ELISA. The mass and total cell numbers of the spleen were measured. In addition, the expression of TNF-α and its relevant gene mRNAs in macrophages from the spleen were analyzed by qRT-PCR. We found that HFD consumption did not significantly affect the mass and total cell numbers of the spleen. However, HFD consumption significantly increased splenic TNF-α level, the expression of TNF-α, toll-like receptor 4, and nuclear factor κB p65 mRNAs. In contrast, the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit (α7nAChR) mRNA in macrophages was downregulated. Additionally, exercise abolished the increase in splenic TNF-α level as well as the abnormal expression of TNF-α and related gene mRNAs in macrophages in HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, our results reveal that HFD consumption increases TNF-α level in the spleen, which is along with upregulation of the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB mRNAs as well as downregulation of the expression of α7nAChR mRNA in splenic macrophages in rats. Exercise abolished detrimental effects of HFD on TNF-α level in the spleen and prevented abnormal expression of these genes in the macrophages from rat spleen.
Development and Evaluation of the Prognostic Nomogram to Predict Refractive Error in Patients With Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Who Underwent Cataract Surgery Combined With Goniosynechialysis
Authors: Li Yuancun , Guo Chengyao , Huang Chukai , Jing Liu , Huang Yingzi , Zhou Ruiqing , Qiu Kunliang , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas and develop prognostic nomograms to predict the risk of postoperative refractive error in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients.

Methods: A total of 111 eyes with PACG underwent goniosynechialysis combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were included. SRK/T, Barrett II, Hoffer Q, and Kane formulas were used to predict postoperative refraction. Prediction error (PE) and absolute predictive error (APE) produced by the four formulas were calculated and compared. An APE >0.50 D was defined as the event. Binary logistic regression analysis and prognostic nomogram models were conducted to investigate reliable predictors associated with postoperative refraction.

Results: The Kane (−0.06 D) and Barrett II (−0.07 D) formulas had mean prediction error close to zero (p = 0.44, p = 0.41, respectively). The Hoffer Q and SRK/T produced significantly myopic outcomes (p = 0.003, p = 0.013, respectively). The percentage of eyes within ± 0.5 D was 49.5% (55/111), 44.1% (49/111), 43.2% (48/111), and 49.5% (54/111), for the Kane, Barrett II, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T formula, respectively. Nomogram showed that AL had the greatest impact on the refractive outcomes, indicating a shorter preoperative AL is associated with a greater probability of refractive error event. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of the nomogram for the Kane, Barrett II, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T was 0.690, 0.701, 0.708, and 0.676, respectively.

Conclusions: The Kane and Barrett II formulas were comparable, and they outperformed Hoffer Q and SRK/T in the total eyes with PACG receiving cataract surgery combined with goniosynechialysis. The developed nomogram models can effectively predict the occurrence of postoperative refractive error events.
Preliminary Exploration of Transpedal Lymphangiography With High-Dose Ethiodized Oil Application in the Treatment of Postoperative Chylothorax
Authors: Li Lin , Wu Xin , Liu Dehan , Zhang Wei , Yang Lian , Pan Feng
Published: December 2021

Objective: To preliminarily explore the safety and effectiveness of transpedal lymphangiography (TL) with high-dose ethiodized oil application (>20 ml) in the treatment of high-output postoperative chylothorax.

Methods: From 1 July 2020 to 1 July 2021, a total of 7 patients with high-flow postoperative chylothorax (> 1,000 ml/d) were retrospectively reviewed in a single center. Clinical data, including surgery types, technical and treatment success of TL, and adverse events of TL, were collected and analyzed.

Results: Seven patients (5 cases of non-small cell lung cancer; 2 cases of esophageal carcinoma) with a median age of 62 years (range: 30–70 years) occurred postoperative chylothorax after tumor resection with mediastinal lymphadenectomy. All patients received conservative treatment including total parenteral nutrition and somatostatin administration for a median of 20 days (range: 15–31 days) that failed to cure the chylothorax, so TL was performed as a salvage. Before TL, the median daily chyle output was 1,500 ml/day (range: 1,100–2,000 ml/day). The technical success rate of TL was 100% (7/7), with the median volume of ethiodized oil of 27.6 ml (range: 21.2–30.0 ml) injected in TL. Ruptured thoracic duct was identified in 5 patients (5/7, 71%) in fluoroscopy and chest CT after TL. The treatment success rate of TL was 86% (6/7). In 6 patients, the thoracic drainage was removed after a median of 7 days (range: 4–13 days) from TL performance. No adverse event of TL was reported.

Conclusion: Transpedal lymphangiography with high-dose ethiodized oil application (>20 ml) is a feasible, safe, and effective modality for the treatment of high-flow (> 1,000 ml/day) postoperative chylothorax.
Multimodal Assessment and Characterization of Sicca Syndrome
Authors: Kramer Emelie , Seeliger Tabea , Skripuletz Thomas , Gödecke Vega , Beider Sonja , Jablonka Alexandra , Witte Torsten , Ernst Diana
Published: December 2021

Background: Sicca syndrome represents a heterogeneous group of conditions, such as Sjögren syndrome, causing xerophthalmiaand xerostomia. This study characterizes in depth patients with Sicca syndrome and evaluates salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS).

Methods: Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of clinical parameters, such as ESSPRI, ESSDAI and laboratory data, were performed on all referrals for assessment of Sicca symptoms between October 2018 and March 2021. SGUS and labial gland biopsies were compared across groups.

Results: A total of 583 patients were assessed. Objective dryness was confirmed in 73% of the patients. Cluster analysis identified 3 groups with post-hoc analysis confirming distinct phenotypes: Somatic Group (283/583; 49%) with more frequent symptoms but limited objective dryness; Dry Without Autoimmune Features (DAFneg, 206/584; 35%), and Dry With Autoimmune Features (DAFpos, 94/584;16%). DAFpos patients had highest autoantibody titers (anti-SSA(Ro) 240 vs. 3.6 vs. 3.8; p < 0.001), most extra-glandular manifestations (p < 0.001), and highest median SGUS Score (DAFpos: 8 [IQR 4–10] vs. SG: 2 [1–4] vs. DAFneg 4 [2–5]; p < 0.001). No tangible correlation with primary Sjögren syndrome criteria was observed.

Discussion: SGUS score correlated with a subset of patients with Sjögren syndrome, identified in the DAFpos cluster. This study highlights heterogeneity within sicca and, indeed, Sjögren syndrome, highlighting the need for further studies.
Emerging Mechanisms Underpinning Neurophysiological Impairments in C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion-Mediated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Pasniceanu Iris-Stefania , Atwal Manpreet Singh , Souza Cleide Dos Santos , Ferraiuolo Laura , Livesey Matthew R.
Published: December 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and neurons of the prefrontal cortex. The emergence of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation as the leading genetic cause of ALS and FTD has led to a progressive understanding of the multiple cellular pathways leading to neuronal degeneration. Disturbances in neuronal function represent a major subset of these mechanisms and because such functional perturbations precede degeneration, it is likely that impaired neuronal function in ALS/FTD plays an active role in pathogenesis. This is supported by the fact that ALS/FTD patients consistently present with neurophysiological impairments prior to any apparent degeneration. In this review we summarize how the discovery of the C9ORF72 repeat expansion mutation has contributed to the current understanding of neuronal dysfunction in ALS/FTD. Here, we discuss the impact of the repeat expansion on neuronal function in relation to intrinsic excitability, synaptic, network and ion channel properties, highlighting evidence of conserved and divergent pathophysiological impacts between cortical and motor neurons and the influence of non-neuronal cells. We further highlight the emerging association between these dysfunctional properties with molecular mechanisms of the C9ORF72 mutation that appear to include roles for both, haploinsufficiency of the C9ORF72 protein and aberrantly generated dipeptide repeat protein species. Finally, we suggest that relating key pathological observations in C9ORF72 repeat expansion ALS/FTD patients to the mechanistic impact of the C9ORF72 repeat expansion on neuronal function will lead to an improved understanding of how neurophysiological dysfunction impacts upon pathogenesis.
Relapsing Neurological Complications in a Child With ATP1A3 Gene Mutation and Influenza Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Pisapia Raffaella , Capoluongo Nicolina , Palmiero Giulia , Tascini Carlo , Rescigno Carolina
Published: December 2021

Mutations in the ATP1A3 gene encoding the α3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase are associated with different neurological manifestations that may be elicited by febrile episodes. A recently described phenotype, linked to the p.Arg756Cys mutation, is clinically characterized by Relapsing Encephalopathy with Cerebellar Ataxia (RECA). In our case, a diagnosis of RECA has been established, and despite an alternative, reasonable cause had been already identified.

We describe the case of a child with two recurrent episodes, 2 years apart, of hypotonia and ataxia. In both episodes, a laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection suggested the diagnosis of influenza-associated encephalopathy. After the second episode, a search for genetic mutations was performed, and ATP1A3 mutation associated to RECA was found. After both episodes, the child was discharged after partial improvement of neurological conditions.

The diagnosis of encephalopathy in children is often challenging. A genetic predisposition to neurological decompensation should be suspected in case of recurrent episodes, even if an alternative diagnosis has been established. Indeed, febrile infections may only represent the trigger of neurological involvement. In these patients, the knowledge of a genetic predisposing factors may help in the prevention of neurological episodes by the prompt use of anti-pyrectics and preventive measures as appropriate vaccination.
MSPAN: A Memristive Spike-Based Computing Engine With Adaptive Neuron for Edge Arrhythmia Detection
Authors: Jiang Jingwen , Tian Fengshi , Liang Jinhao , Shen Ziyang , Liu Yirui , Zheng Jiapei , Wu Hui , Zhang Zhiyuan , Fang Chaoming , Zhao Yifan , Shi Jiahe , Xue Xiaoyong , Zeng Xiaoyang
Published: December 2021

In this work, a memristive spike-based computing in memory (CIM) system with adaptive neuron (MSPAN) is proposed to realize energy-efficient remote arrhythmia detection with high accuracy in edge devices by software and hardware co-design. A multi-layer deep integrative spiking neural network (DiSNN) is first designed with an accuracy of 93.6% in 4-class ECG classification tasks. Then a memristor-based CIM architecture and the corresponding mapping method are proposed to deploy the DiSNN. By evaluation, the overall system achieves an accuracy of over 92.25% on the MIT-BIH dataset while the area is 3.438 mm2 and the power consumption is 0.178 μJ per heartbeat at a clock frequency of 500 MHz. These results reveal that the proposed MSPAN system is promising for arrhythmia detection in edge devices.
Biocompatibility of Platinum Nanoparticles in Brain ex vivo Models in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Authors: Gulino Maurizio , Santos Sofia Duque , Pêgo Ana Paula
Published: December 2021

Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have unique physico-chemical properties that led to their use in many branches of medicine. Recently, PtNPs gathered growing interest as delivery vectors for drugs, biosensors and as surface coating on chronically implanted biomedical devices for improving electrochemical properties. However, there are contradictory statements about their biocompatibility and impact on target organs such as the brain tissue, where these NPs are finding many applications. Furthermore, many of the reported studies are conducted in homeostasis conditions and, consequently, neglect the impact of the pathologic conditions on the tissue response. To expand our knowledge on the effects of PtNPs on neuronal and glial cells, we investigated the acute effects of monodisperse sodium citrate-coated PtNPs on rat organotypic hippocampal cultures in physiological or neuronal excitotoxic conditions induced by kainic acid (KA). The cellular responses of the PtNPs were evaluated through cytotoxic assays and confocal microscopy analysis. To mimic a pathologic scenario, 7-day organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to KA for 24 h. Subsequently, PtNPs were added to each slice. We show that incubation of the slices with PtNPs for 24 h, does not severely impact cell viability in normal conditions, with no significant differences when comparing the dentate gyrus (DG), as well as CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cell layers. Such effects are not exacerbated in KA-treated slices, where the presence of PtNPs does not cause additional neuronal propidium iodide (PI) uptake in CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cell layers. However, PtNPs cause microglial cell activation and morphological alterations in CA3 and DG regions indicating the establishment of an inflammatory reaction. Morphological analysis revealed that microglia acquire activated ameboid morphology with loss of ramifications, as a result of their response to PtNPs contact. Surprisingly, this effect is not increased in pathological conditions. Taken together, these results show that PtNPs cause microglia alterations in short-term studies. Additionally, there is no worsening of the tissue response in a neuropathological induced scenario. This work highlights the need of further research to allow for the safe use of PtNPs. Also, it supports the demand of the development of novel and more biocompatible NPs to be applied in the brain.
Sleep Quality and Electroencephalogram Delta Power
Authors: Long Siyu , Ding Rui , Wang Junce , Yu Yue , Lu Jing , Yao Dezhong
Published: December 2021

Delta activity on electroencephalogram (EEG) is considered a biomarker of homeostatic sleep drive. Delta power is often associated with sleep duration and intensity. Here, we reviewed the literature to explore how sleep quality was influenced by changes in delta power. However, we found that both the decrease and increase in delta power could indicate a higher sleep quality due to the various factors below. First, the differences in changes in delta power in patients whose sleep quality is lower than that of the healthy controls may be related to the different diseases they suffered from. We found that the patients mainly suffered from borderline personality disorder, and Rett syndrome may have a higher delta power than healthy individuals. Meanwhile, patients who are affected by Asperger syndrome, respiratory failure, chronic fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder have lower delta power. Second, if the insomnia patients received the therapy, the difference may be caused by the treatment method. Cognitive or music therapy shows that a better therapeutic effect is associated with decreased delta power, whereas in drug treatment, there is an opposite change in delta power. Last, for healthy people, the difference in delta change may be related to sleep stages. The higher sleep quality is associated with increased delta power during the NREM period, whereas a deceased delta change accompanies higher sleep quality during the REM period. Our work summarizes the effect of changes in delta power on sleep quality and may positively impact the monitoring and intervention of sleep quality.
IL-6/STAT3 Is a Promising Therapeutic Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Junnv , Lin Haifeng , Wu Gang , Zhu Mingyue , Li Mengsen
Published: December 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor of which the occurrence and development, the tumorigenicity of HCC is involving in multistep and multifactor interactions. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional inflammatory cytokine, has increased expression in HCC patients and is closely related to the occurrence of HCC and prognosis. IL-6 plays a role by binding to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and then triggering the Janus kinase (JAK) associated with the receptor, stimulating phosphorylation and activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to initiate downstream signals, participating in the processes of anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. IL-6/STAT3 signal axes elicit an immunosuppressive in tumor microenvironment, it is important to therapy HCC by blocking the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Recent, some inhibitors of IL-6/STAT3 have been development, such as S31-201 or IL-6 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (IL-6 mAb), Madindoline A (Inhibits the dimerization of IL-6/IL-6R/gpl30 trimeric complexes), C188-9 and Curcumin (Inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation), etc. for treatment of cancers. Overall, consideration of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, and its role in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC will contribute to the development of potential drugs for targeting treatment of liver cancer.
Potential Approaches Versus Approved or Developing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Therapy
Authors: Andretta Emanuela , Costa Caterina , Longobardi Consiglia , Damiano Sara , Giordano Antonio , Pagnini Francesco , Montagnaro Serena , Quintiliani Massimiliano , Lauritano Chiara , Ciarcia Roberto
Published: December 2021

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, continued use of these inhibitors has contributed to the increase in clinical resistance and the persistence of resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). So, there is an urgent need to introduce additional targeted and selective therapies to eradicate quiescent LSCs, and to avoid the relapse and disease progression. Here, we focused on emerging BCR-ABL targeted and non-BCR-ABL targeted drugs employed in clinical trials and on alternative CML treatments, including antioxidants, oncolytic virus, engineered exosomes, and natural products obtained from marine organisms that could pave the way for new therapeutic approaches for CML patients.
Toward the Knowledge of the Epidemiological Impact of Acute Rheumatic Fever in Italy
Authors: Alberio Antonino Maria Quintilio , Pieroni Filippo , Di Gangi Alessandro , Cappelli Susanna , Bini Giulia , Abu-Rumeileh Sarah , Orsini Alessandro , Bonuccelli Alice , Peroni Diego , Assanta Nadia , Gaggiano Carla , Simonini Gabriele , Consolini Rita
Published: December 2021

Background: To estimate the incidence of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) in Tuscany, a region of Central Italy, evaluating the epidemiological impact of the new diagnostic guidelines, and to analyse our outcomes in the context of the Italian overview.

Methods: A multicenter and retrospective study was conducted involving children <18 years old living in Tuscany and diagnosed in the period between 2010 and 2019. Two groups were established based on the new diagnostic criteria: High-Risk (HR) group patients, n = 29 and Low-Risk group patients, n = 96.

Results: ARF annual incidence ranged from 0.91 to 7.33 out of 100,000 children in the analyzed period, with peak of incidence registered in 2019. The application of HR criteria led to an increase of ARF diagnosis of 30%. Among the overall cohort joint involvement was the most represented criteria (68%), followed by carditis (58%). High prevalence of subclinical carditis was observed (59%).

Conclusions: Tuscany should be considered an HR geographic area and HR criteria should be used for ARF diagnosis in this region.