bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Research of Self-Igniting Coal Gangue Bonding Material by Orthogonal Design
Authors: Zhang Xiao Fan , Zhou Mei , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2010

the self-igniting coal gangue in Gaode Mine, Fuxin city of Liaoning Province by physical and chemical method.first,orthogonal test was applied to study the influence of the fineness of coal gangue on strength of the bonding material;then on the basic of it,use this method again to clarify the effects of self-igniting coal gangue's addition on th strength of bonding material.The results of this experiment showed that self-igniting coal gangue can be used as cement’s active admixture .range analysis and variance analysis indicated that the amount of coal gangue had significant influence on binding material’s strength ,and it will make the material have outstanding performance when proportion reaches to 25%~35% of material sum, at the premise that the variety and the content of activator is suitable.The study on self-igniting coal gangue cement could not only widen the application area of coal gangue and the variety of cement ,but also solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the great quantity of coal gangue.According with building materials industry's developing concept about saving energy,reduceing pollution,protecting the environment, green environmental protection etc in 21st century .
Interfacial Activity and Adsorption Behavior of Petroleum Oxidation Soap
Authors: Liu De Xin , Yao Li Tao
Published: December 2010

Chemical flooding is a promising method of enhanced oil recovery through improving the oil displacement efficiency. The surfactants can effectively reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between the injection fluid and the residual oil. Petroleum oxidation soap (POS) as a surfactant has the potential for use in chemical flooding owing to its easily gained, cheap and favorable behavior. This study was an attempt to investigate the interfacial activity of POS as well as the adsorption characteristic on oil sand. The experimental results provided a practical instrument for the application of POS in chemical flooding and a method for broadening its application.
Asphalt Overlaying Cement Pavement Structure with APP Modified Asphalt Felt Controlling Reflective Crack
Authors: Wang Xiao Feng , Yuan Yu Qing
Published: December 2010

In order to explore the mechanism and effect of atactic polypropylene (APP) modified asphalt felt preventing crack, which is used as interlayer between old cement concrete pavement and asphalt overlay, by dint of establishing finite element model, considering tensile modulus of the material, the authors calculated and analyzed the load, temperature and coupling stresses on the key dangerous points. Then, laboratory test of direct-shearing and pullout were carried out. It is indicated that the interlayer stress conditions change with tensile modulus of felt, with a perfect synthetically stress-reduced effect when the modulus reaching 1000MPa; the shearing- destruction displacement of core sample with felt interlayer comes to 7.5mm, 3.0mm more than that without the specific interlayer; the pullout-destruction force of core sample with felt interlayer arrives at 10000N, 6000N more than the other. The results show that APP modified asphalt felt is a kind of better preventing-crack materials between old cement concrete pavement and asphalt overlay, which can efficiently cut down the interlayer stresses and improve its working state.
Analysis on Excess Pore Water Pressure Caused by Prestressed Concrete Pipes Construction in Saturated Clay Ground
Authors: Fu Gui Hai , Wei Li Min , Zhou Hui
Published: December 2010

Prestressed concrete pipes construction by hammer cause high excess pore water pressure in deep soft soils because Soil disturbance by violent and poor permeability of soft soil. Taking the typical soft ground in passenger special line from Hang Zhou to Ning Bo as the engineering example, the in-situ measuring of the excess pore water pressure in saturated clay ground during the construction of the piles was carried out, and the comparison analysis with the solutions from Vesic theory was also done. The changing rules of excess pore water pressure and its influence range during the sinking of the piles were studied, which would provide an important basis for the design and construction of the similar projects.
Experimental Study on Soil Water Characteristic Curve of Compacted Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Wang Dong Lin
Published: December 2010

Soil water characteristic curve is one of important topics of unsaturated soils. Pressure plate extractor and GDS unsaturated triaxial apparatus are used to study influencing factors including types of soils and net mean stress. Through method of least-squares, Fredlund five-parameter model were employed to fit soil-water characteristic curves. The results show that model provided a satisfactory fit to the experimental data. Through an analysis of influencing factors, we find that not only physical condition of samples but also external stress condition can affect the shape of soil water characteristic curve.
Present Status of Research on FRP Tendons and its Future Prospects
Authors: Zhou Xiao Yong , Xu Bing Shuang , Li Na
Published: December 2010

The application of FRP materials in civil engineering is now a hot spot in the research and development of the international civil engineering field. To conclude on the basis of previous experience, this paper summarizes and reviews current state about the research and use of FRP, while the prospect of using outlook FRP reinforcement to promote the construction in civil engineering application is also given.
Resistivity Characters of Concrete with Fly Ash and Slag
Authors: Geng Jian , Shen Jian Sheng , Chen Wei
Published: December 2010

The resistivity characters of concrete with fly ash and slag are studied by four-pole method. The results indicate that concrete resistivity gradually increases with the content of fly ash or slag increasing within a given content scope. Fly ash can promote the concrete resistivity after long-term curing (＞28 days) and slag will increase the concrete resistivity during the early curing time (≤28d). When two mixed fly ash and slag, the effects of the ratio of them on concrete resistivity are similar to that of single mixed fly ash or slag. Otherwise, the change tendency of concrete resistivity are presented first increase and then drop with the content of mineral admixtures increasing, and concrete resistivity reaches the maximum when the total content is 30%.
Experimental Study on the Engineering Characteristics of Improved Soil
Authors: Li Zhi Qing , Cui Zhen Dong , Wang Yan Ping , Wang Li Chao , Zhong Duo
Published: December 2010

According to the typical loess in Shuozhou in Shanxi province, tests involved in compaction characteristics, shearing strength characteristics and disintegration are carried out by using loess and three kinds of improved loess, namely lime and fly-ash, lime and cement, cement and fly-ash. The best improved soil method is selected. The test results indicate that the compact hybrid structure is formed by fly ash and loess. The activity of fly ash is activated as a result of the lime mixing. A series of hydration reaction prompt the intensity of modified loess. And the physical and mechanical properties of improved loess are improved noticeably.
Failure Models of Buildings Affected by Xi’an Ground Fissure
Authors: Li Wen Yang , Pan Chun Juan , Men Yu Ming
Published: December 2010

Based on surveys of buildings passing through ground fissures, failure and deformation characteristics of buildings are analyzed. Failure models of buildings under the influence of Xi’an ground fissures are proposed. By means of the simulations on PLASIX, taking for the f6 of ground fissures in Xi’an city, the variations of stress field and displacement field of the overlying soil layer which the normal fault qualitative ground fissures lead to are studied. It separately calculated out of the variation of the features of deformation, when brick masonry, block masonry and stone masonry act as solely material of the building. The total, vertical and horizontal deformation of buildings built of stone masonry are the largest and brick masonry’s deformations are the smallest. It is suggested that materials with small gravity density should be used for building materials.
The Quantitative Calculation the Volume Fraction of Cement Pastes
Authors: Liu Zhi Yong , Zhang Yun Sheng , Sun Guo Wen
Published: December 2010

The knowledge of the microstructure is a point of major importance to understand the transport, mechanics, creep and shrinkage properties. The present work proposes a method to quantitatively predict the volume percentage of each of phases in Portland cement pastes. The saturated density of C-S-H is revised as a function of degree of hydration and water to cement ratio (w/c). The computed results are consistent with experimental values for cement paste that performed in this study.
Study on the Photo-Catalytic Properties of Nano-TiO2 Cementitious Materials
Authors: Meng Tao , Huang Zhen Zhen , Qian Xiao Qian , Zhu Peng Lai , Yu Ya Chao
Published: December 2010

The photo-catalytic efficiency and durability of nano-TiO2 photo-catalytic cementitious materials for oxidizing nitrogen dioxide were investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. The experimental results showed that the photo-catalytic efficiency increased with increase of the content of nano-TiO2. When 15wt% nano-TiO2 was added, the photo-catalytic efficiency was equal to 223% of that of standard cement. When activated carbon was used as the carrier of nano-TiO2, the photo-catalytic efficiency of cementitious nano-TiO2 could be enhanced markedly. For example, the photo-catalytic efficiency could reach to 85.7%, which was as much as 359% of that of standard cement when the contents of activated carbon and nano-TiO2 were both 10wt%. Compared with nano-TiO2 powder, the photo-catalysis durability of cementitious nano-TiO2 supported by activated carbon could be improved clearly for that activated carbon could absorb nitrogen dioxide effectively, which was favored to the photo-oxidation of nano-TiO2 on nitrogen dioxide.
Test Research on Modified-Soils of Foam-Conditioned for Metro Shield Tunneling Engineering
Authors: Liu Bo , Huang Li , Qiao Guo Gang , Li Tao
Published: December 2010

Soil improvement is one of the most important problems to be solved for shielding tunneling in the complex strata. Now the foam modifying soils technique has been widely used in shield tunneling construction. A new foaming agent used for soil properties improvement is developed and presented in this paper. This paper presents test research of soil properties improvement on sand in rich-water strata and clay soils from permeability, fluidity, compressibility and shear strength. Compared with the imported and domestic foaming agent, the basic performances of the newly developed foaming agent are obtained. Some conclusions are drawn in the paper, and it is significant to improve the engineering properties of soil and reduce the ground damage in shield tunneling construction.
Evaluation on Stress Relaxation Properties of Geomembrane
Authors: Xu Si Fa , Zhang Yong , Wang Zhe
Published: December 2010

Geomembrane installed on the bottom and the side slope of a waste landfill as liner system is made of high density polyethylene or thermo plastic elastmer polyplopylene. Stress in the geotextile is caused by friction between the waste and the geotextile which is a result of the compression of the disposed waste, and the tensile force is transferred into the liner system by friction. With elapsed time, the stress relaxation will occur under certain strain conditions. If the stress of geomembrane is at high stress for a long period of time, the long time design strength of the geomembrane may be controlled by the creep at the end of the design life. So it is very important for design to determine the stress induced in the geomembrane. In this paper, the authors present a formula based three element visco-elastic model to evaluate the relation between the stress and elapsed time. Then the authors present some results of modeled tests conducted, it is shown that the relation between the material characteristic and temperature by indoor experiment.
Magnesium Alloys: An Alternative for Aluminium in Structural Applications
Authors: Shu Dong Wei , Ahmad Iram Raza
Published: December 2010

There is a fast moving trend towards using lightweight materials in automotive, aerospace, building and construction, body armour and protection, sports and leisure goods. The dynamic industrial development puts higher demands for lighter and yet stronger materials. Magnesium alloys potentially met the present demands for lighter and reliable construction. With comparable specific stiffness, higher specific strength and energy absorption magnesium alloys have the potential to replace steel and aluminum alloys. Magnesium alloys are very useful for applications where materials are subjected to variable or dynamic loads such as crash events in vehicles and planes, buildings and structures against projectiles penetration etc. To know the materials’ response to impacts and their resistance to blast and shock, it is necessary to understand their behaviour under static as well as dynamic conditions. In current study, magnesium alloys AZ91D and AM50 have been studied at dynamic loading conditions and compared with aluminum alloy AA6061-T6. With significant mass saving, higher specific properties and higher energy absorption under dynamic loadings, magnesium alloys are promising candidates to replace conventional materials not only aluminum but steel as well in structural applications.
Fabrication of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide (ATO) Films For Heat Insulated Glass Coating
Authors: Shieh Yaw Nan , Hsieh Ping Chen , Chen Chang Jin
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study is to develop an inexpensive method for preparing transparent and heat insulating tin oxide film. Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) thin films have wide variety of technical applications, such as high transmission of visible light and heat insulated coatings. Films were formed by the dip-coating of this colloidal suspension. The structure and morphology of these films were analyzed using XRD and SEM analysis. The optical properties of the ATO thin films were investigated using a UV–VIS spectrophotometer. The heat insulating performance was evaluated using Halogen lamps to irradiate a film coated glass which cover on wooden box for two hours. The results of this study indicate that only the SnO phase (tetragonal rutile structure) appeared in X-ray diffraction, and the Sb dopant does not from a second phase. However, the crystallinity of the SnO structure is impaired by the presence of antimony. For the heat insulating performance the ATO coated glass achieves better heat insulation than that of bare glass.
Experimental Study on Basic Behavior of Recycled Fine Aggregate Mortar
Authors: Chen Zong Ping , Wang Ni , Zhang Shi Qian , Zheng Shu Fang
Published: December 2010

In order to study the mechanical behavior of recycled fine aggregate mortar, 11 kinds of different recycled fine aggregate replacement rate (ranged from 0% to 100%, level differential 10%) of cement mortar test specimens are designed. The failure pattern and the mechanical performance indexes of the cement mortar under different recycled fine aggregate replacement rate are gained by test. And the different physical indexes of natural fine aggregate and recycled fine aggregate are measured in detail. The experiment findings indicate that because the water absorption rate of the mortar with high porosity is higher, and there are mass microcracks in recycled fine aggregate interior due to damage accumulation, the lower apparent density, the higher water absorption rate and the quicker water absorption speed of recycled fine aggregate are caused. So the fluidity of recycled fine aggregate mortar is fine, but the water retention is bad, the compressive strength is lower than the natural fine aggregate mortar about 50%. But the replacement rate has little effect on the mortar strength.
Flexural Performance of Glued Laminated Bamboo Beams
Authors: Wei Yang , Jiang Shen Xue , Lv Qing Fang , Zhang Qi Sheng , Wang Li Bin , Lv Zhi Tao
Published: December 2010

Bamboo structures have a good performance like wooden structures. The flexural performance of glued laminated bamboo beams for bamboo structures were studied through ten large-scale beams tested. The study investigated the failure modes of bamboo beams, flexural capacity, cross-sectional stiffness and strain distribution. In test, four kinds of typical failure modes of bamboo beams include brittle fracture of the bottom fiber, compressive buckling failure at the top of the bamboo strips layers, stratified fracture and oblique tear of the bottom fiber. The control condition of the design load was the cross-sectional stiffness rather than the flexural strength according to the experimental results. The flexural elastic modulus of 10GPa is suggested to check deformation of bamboo beams in the design. The plane-section assumption of cross-sectional strain distribution along the height is verified for bamboo beams.
Study of RPC Mechanical Properties and Anti-Freeze-Thaw Resistance
Authors: Ju Yan Zhong , Wang Feng , Wang De Hong
Published: December 2010

To study the mechanical properties of RPC performance and freeze-thaw resistance，through the experimental study discussed the water-cement ratio, silica fume cement ratio, steel fiber content, curing system and other factors on the mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete and anti-freezing properties. Research indicates that many factors in the RPC, the water cement ratio is the most important factor, followed by the silica fume cement ratio, finally the steel fiber content, and curing system for the growth of its early strength also have a greater role.
Researches on Properties of Polymer Modified Rapid Hardening Sulphoaluminate Cement Repair Mortar
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Dong Xu , Li Qing Hai , Wang Zhi Xin
Published: December 2010

The effects of different content of rubber powder, silica fume, cellulose ether, dihydrate gypsum, water reducing agent , defoamer on the dry-mixed mortar were studied according to orthogonal experiments. The results show that the compressive strength of 1 d is up to 38.4 MPa and the flexural strength to 6.4 MPa. Therefore the super-high mortar studied is mainly used for rush repairing engineering. It has great economical benefit and society benefit.
Crack Formation and Reinforcing Techniques on Fly Ash Aerated-Concrete
Authors: Peng Peng , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2010

Fly ash aerated-concrete is a new kind of energy-saving and environmental material, when compared with other traditional building materials, it can save above 65% energy. But when fly ash aerated-concrete block is used to build walls, it often cracks. This document analyzes crack formation on fly ash aerated-concrete, and explains some reinforcing techniques on how to solve these problems.
Microwave Synthesis of SiO2 Aerogels Core / Polystyrene Shell Composite Structure
Authors: Geng Gang Giang , Guo Jin Tao , Wang Huan , Ma Rui Jie
Published: December 2010

The pre-modification of SiO2 aerogels and polystyrene using microwave heating method, then make use of the ultrasonic dispersion method preparing for dispersion polymerization SiO2 / PS nano-composite microspheres. Analysis the size distribution of composite structure by TEM charactering the samples; using the weight ton method evaluate the curve of PS conversion with temporal change and calculate the coating rate of core-shell structure, and research the various factors.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of Low-Mo Fire-Resistant Steel
Authors: Wan Rong Chun , Sun Feng , Zhang Lan Ting , Shan Ai Dang
Published: December 2010

The number of steel-frame buildings is increasing as a result of development of social economy. However, the fire-resistant property of steel-frame buildings is much weaker than that of brick-frame buildings and RC-frame buildings. In response to such demand, fire-resistant steel has been developed since the last two decades. Mo is one of the most effective strengthening elements for the high-temperature strength of steels. With the increase of the Mo content in steels, there is a dramatic increase in costs which is unacceptable for the cost-sensitive construction area. Therefore, a fire-resistant steel with a low Mo content is highly desired. Two fire-resistant steels with low Mo content (<0.3%) were designed in this paper. The interdependence of microstructure, properties and temperature was studied and analyzed in hot-rolled testing steels. The results show that the low-Mo fire-resistant steels have improved elevated temperature strength (The yield strength of Nb content steel is 240MPa, which can met the requirements of grade Q345 fire-resistant steel), low yield ratio (<0.6) and good welding performance (Ceq≈0.40). The bainite and fine grains are mainly beneficial to the elevated temperature UTS. Nb is an alloying element effective in increasing elevated temperature strength (especially for YS) as well as Mo.
Effect of Alkali on the Geopolymer Strength
Authors: Qiu Ting Sheng , Kuang Jing Zhong , Shi Fang
Published: December 2010

In this study, geopolymer was synthesized with metakaolin and tungsten-tailing as the main raw material and alkali activator composed of sodium silicate solution and alkali solution. By the contrast of the experiments with five kinds of alkali activators, the result was obtained. When the concentration of the NaOH or KOH was 10mol/L,the content of NaOH or KOH in the liquid phase was 35%,while the concentration of the Ca(OH)2was 3mol/L, the content in the liquid phase was 35%,the property of geopolymer was the best. For the combined alkali, when the content ratio of Ca(OH)2to KOH or Ca(OH)2to NaOH of 2:3,there was a balance between the activator of alkali and the resistance of Ca2+.The trigger action of the alkali activator on the activity of slag was accelerated.
Effect of Nano-Al2O3 on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al2O3/Si3N4 Compound Ceramics
Authors: Hao Shi Ming , Wang Hui Fang
Published: December 2010

The specimens of Al2O3/Si3N4 compound ceramics which contain 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18% nano-Al2O3 additions respectively were obtained by pressureless sintering at 1650 in the nitrogen atmosphere. The bending strength and fracture toughness (KIC) were detected. The microstructure and phase composition of the specimens were analyzed by the means of SEM and X-ray. The results show that Al2O3/Si3N4 compound ceramics can be made only using pressureless sintering. With 9-12% nano-Al2O3addition, the specimens have the top mechanical properties. The bending strength reach 710.86MPa, KIC reach 8.61MPa•M1/2. These excellent properties come from many interwoven nitride distributed uniformly in the Al2O3/Si3N4 compound ceramics matrix, which composed of big and firmly plate-like β- Si3N4, hexagonal Sialon and sheet Si2N2O.
Reinforcing Admixtures and their Effectiveness Experiments for Strength and Damping of Polymer Modified Concrete
Authors: Wang Meng Fu , Song Xing Yu
Published: December 2010

The relationships between the mechanical properties of modified concrete and the composition of latex blend were studied. Influence of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber on performance of modified concrete was analyzed on that basis. The results indicate that the contradiction between the strength and the damping property of normal concrete will be relieved to some degree by controlling the proportion of latex blend. The adding of fiber can modify the damping property of concrete, while it has a little effects on the compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete.
Solving the Inverse Heat Conduction Problem with Multi-Variables
Authors: Xue Qi Wen , Du Xiu Yun , Wang Ga Ping
Published: December 2010

This paper presents a general numerical model to solve non-linear inverse heat conduction problems with multi-variables which include thermal parameters and boundary conditions, and can be identified singly or simultaneously. The direct problems are numerically modeled via FEM, facilitating to sensitivity analysis that is required in solving inverse problems via a least-square based CGM (Conjugate Gradient Method). Inhomogeneous distribution of parameters is considered, and a number of numerical examples are given to illustrate the work proposed.
The Research and Application of Pumping Ultra-Early Strength Concrete
Authors: Lin Yue Zhong , Lin Dong Cai
Published: December 2010

With the gob-side entry retaining technology in coal mining project, the materials research of backfill for mine gateway side and development to become the focus of attention. This study is based on the need of Jining well to adopt 42.5R portland cement, Tj-1 early strength agent, Tj-1 super plasticizer, prepared from 8 hours to form removal, 16 hours strength of up to 6.2MPa, 24 hours strength of 12MPa, 28 day strength to 43MPa, and the construction of super-excellent early strength pumping concrete, and obtained satisfactory results through engineering.
Form Pressure of Precast Prestressed Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Long Wu Jian , Lemieux Guillaume , Khayat Kamal Henri , Xing Feng
Published: December 2010

Some precast, prestressed beams can reach heights of 2.4 m or more necessitating special considerations for lateral pressure to ensure formwork tightness. In order to investigate the initial form pressure of the precast, prestressed self-consolidating concrete (SCC), an experimental program was undertaken. Sixteen non air-entrained and four air-entrained SCC mixtures with a slump flow of 680 ± 20 mm were evaluated. These mixtures were made with 440 to 500 kg/m3 of binder, Type MS cement or HE cement and 20% Class F fly ash, 0.34 to 0.40 water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm), viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) content of 0 to 100 mL/100 kg of binder, and 0.46 to 0.54 sand-to-total aggregate (S/A) volume ratio. Two high-performance concrete (HPC) mixtures with 0.34 and 0.38 w/cm and slump of 150 mm were also investigated. Moreover, decay in lateral pressure with time was also determined in order to evaluate the rate of pressure drop and the time required for pressure cancellation. Test results indicated that SCC proportioned with higher binder content developed higher relative initial pressure for the 2.0-m deep section. For a given binder content, the more viscous mixtures made with 0.34 w/cm exhibited lower relative initial pressure and longer duration before pressure cancellation. It is worthy to note that air-entrained SCC exhibited higher initial pressure. Finally, a good correlation was established between the final setting time and pressure cancellation time.
Influence of the Additives on the Workability and Mechanic Properties of Epoxy Mortar
Authors: Guo Jin Long , Guo Wen Ying , Xie Ru Jian , Li Yuan Ming , Yang Yi Bo
Published: December 2010

The ethylene diamine, acetone and dibutyl phthalate are used as the curing agent, diluent and flexibilizer in the researches about epoxy mortar. But in fact these materials are difficult to be bought in market because of the toxicity. The influence of the additives on the workability and mechanical properties of epoxy mortar are investigated by using the orthogonal experimental design method in this work, and all the additives can be bought easily from the market. The results are as followings:(1) the influence of curing agent on the initial setting time, the toughness and the 1d, 3d compressive strength of epoxy mortar is significant; (2) the influence of diluent on the workability of epoxy mortar is significant; (3) the influence of flexibilizer on the 7d compressive strength is significant; (4) the interface bonding of epoxy mortar and cement mortar is good; (5) the optimum proportion by mass for epoxy mortar is, epoxy resin: curing agent: diluent: fumed silica =1:0.5:0.1:0.05:0.01.
Mechanical Behavior of Composite Column Reinforced Paulownia Wood Sandwich
Authors: Wan Li , Liu Wei Qing , Fang Hai
Published: December 2010

Paulownia wood was drilled with some glass fibers fulfilled in the holes, which could be the core of the sandwich structures. In the manufacture processing, the fibers and resins left in the holes formed composite columns and merged with the facesheets. These could enhance the mechanical behavior of paulownia wood sandwich structures. Double cantilever beam(DCB) tests and bending analysis with finite element method were carried out. The improvement from the composite columns gave little contribution to bending behavior, but significant contribution to interfacial properties.
Polymerization of Silicone Modified Acrylate Emulsion and Preparation of Self-Cleaning Exterior Wall Paint
Authors: Jiang Bo Quan , Hu Shu Fen , Liu Yu De , Wang Min Wei
Published: December 2010

Vinyl triethoxyl silicane, hydrogen silicone oil and microcrystal wax were separately used to modify the acrylic emulsion, wollastonite and synthesize the silicone wax emulsion for preparing exterior wall paint. The optimum conditions for the modifications and synthesis were experimentally presented. Under the optimum formula and operation conditions the silicone-modified acrylic emulsion exhibited good quality and all the property indexes of the exterior wall paint with a contact angle of about 140° were better than those regulated in the national standards issued by Chinese government. The structure of the modified acrylate emulsion, measured by infrared spectroscopy, was proved to be a real silicate-acrylate copolymerization emulsion.
The Analysis of Long Spiral Drilling Hole’s Deformation with Finite Element
Authors: Zhao Xiu Shao , Mo Lin Li , Geng Da Xin
Published: December 2010

The long spiral CFG pile construction often causes crack while in saturated slit. 3D finite element model is carried out, and the deformation of drilling hole is analyzed. The deformation’s factors are emphtically discussed such as drilling depth, dumped-soil load, soil strength, groundwater level etc. The results show that uneven settlement and horizontal displacement are relatively small while silt has high strength. The reduced soil strength is the main factor of drilling holes’ deformation, which causes serious hole shrinkage and the soil is brought to surface with spiral blade, and then causes “excessive dumping” and soil cracking.
Test on the Performance of Road Base-Course Made of Steel Slag and Fly Ash
Authors: Yan Zhan You , Shu Yu , Bu Jian Qing , Li Xiang Guo
Published: December 2010

Fly-ash is an industrial waste burning pulverize coal boilers for thermal power plant and large enterprises, the steel slag is too a residue generated waste in steelmaking industrial processes, the average for every ton steel to produce half ton steel slag, steel slag and fly ash discharge amounts is very big, utilization ratio is very low. At present, a large number of steel slag is used of reclamation work, the remaining items is used rarely and large number is left storage. This paper is introduction steel slag and fly ash to do road base-course material, such can make good use of industry residue waste in large amount to reduce exploitation and cut down natural building stones, it is an application for ecological building materials again. Major study the steel slag and fly ash road features, these tests include materials compaction reality among them, mix design, unconfined compressive strength, split tensile strength, resilient modulus and other commonly used performance. Through comparative analysis, this two materials combination has good use of quality, it has greatly better than other materials such as lime-fly-ash stabilize crushed stone and lime-fly-ash soil and other materials. In particular, it has very good performance to reduce road base-course crack, the material has good resistance shrinkage and temperature shrinkage ability. Therefore, the combination of steel slag and fly ash can be done entirely road base-course and extend the road life.
Study on Light–Colored Technology of Highway Tunnel Pavement
Authors: Ling Tian Qing , Zhang Shu Guang , Li Xiu Lei
Published: December 2010

This paper used the method of spread the broken glass and light-colored stone into the asphalt mixture, then rolling to compact, to increase the brightness of the asphalt pavement in highway tunnel. Through a series of tests, we have studied the performance of the light-colored asphalt pavement, including high temperature stability, anti-sliding performance, impermeability, bond performance and the light-colored performance. Experimental studies have shown that the anti-sliding performance, high temperature stability will be lower slightly compared to ordinary asphalt concrete. Its impermeability has increased. The light-colored performance is better. At the same time, after the analysis of the experimental results we know that the improvement of light-colored performance is not only effected by the dosage of the materials, but also has a great relationship with the particle size. In general, the smaller the particle size of the materials joined, the more apparent the light-colored performance improved.
Study on Crack Behavior of Recycled Fine Aggregate Concrete under Axial Compressive Load
Authors: Zhang Zheng Wen , Ma Li Sha , Chi Xu Chao , Wang Huan Li , Wang Xiao Yi , Jin Peng , Zhou Jun , Tu Yi Qi
Published: December 2010

In order to effective utilize of recycled fine aggregate concrete (RFAC), it is necessary to clearly understand its behavior and characteristic. In this paper, experimental study on crack behavior of RFAC was conducted with different curing ages. Ratio of its cracking load to ultimate load was analyzed in detail. Experiment shows that this ratio is about 0.8 and is not sensitive to curing age. Comparison to traditional concrete was performed. The result of this paper is helpful to theoretical analysis and practical engineering design of RAC structures.
A Study on the Properties of Water-Based Woodenware Nanocoating
Authors: Chen Tien Li , Chang Ho , Wong Wei Hao
Published: December 2010

This study adds nanopowder, such as ZnO and TiO2, in different concentrations to water-based woodenware coating, and explores the properties of the coating on the woodenwares. After the coating has been applied to the testing materials, the thickness and lightness are measured. These values are compared to the properties of the water-based woodenware coating with nanopowder of specific concentration, such as hardness, lightness and adhesion. According to the results of the experiments, adding TiO2 nanopowder to the AE-418 water-soluble polyurethane coating helps to increase the hardness of the coating. The amount added is positively related to the hardness of the coating; the result is the opposite with the WP-1715 water-soluble acrylic resin coating. After adding powder such as TiO2 or ZnO to the AE-418 water-soluble polyurethane coating, the lightness of the coating becomes lower. However, powder with higher concentration leads to higher lightness. In addition, the adhesion of the coating is stronger when nanopowder of higher concentration is added.
Binary Superposition Mix Design Method for SFRC Part II: Flexural Strength and Toughness
Authors: Huo Hong Yuan , Zhao Shun Bo , Song Li Sha , Song Chen Xiao
Published: December 2010

The paper is the second part of the study on binary superposition mix design method for steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), which introduces the experimental results of flexural tensile strength and flexural toughness of SFRC. Based on the test, the effects of fraction of steel fiber by volume and average thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers on flexural tensile strength and toughness of SFRC are analyzed. The effect coefficient of steel fiber on flexural tensile strength of SFRC is suggested on the basis of the formula specified in current technical specification for fiber reinforced concrete structures. The flexural toughness of SFRC raises with the increase of fraction of steel fiber by volume, but less affected by the average thickness of cement paste wrapping steel fibers.
Development of Geomechanical Model Similar Material for Soft Rock Tunnels
Authors: Liu Qin , Li Shu Cai , Li Li Ping , Zhao Yan , Yuan Xiao Shuai
Published: December 2010

Liangshui Tunnel of Lanzhou-Chongqing railway and Tianpingshan Tunnel of Guiyang-Guangzhou railway are the background work. Combining the construction process mechanics of soft rock, uniaxial compressive test, Brazilian test and direct shear test under different material proportion are carried out. After comparing and analyzing the basic physical and mechanical parameters of original rock and model materials, the similar materials for soft rock tunnel are attained. The effect of component proportion on material properties is analyzed. These results provide reliable material guarantee for model test of construction process mechanics in soft rock tunnels.
Prediction Method of Vertical Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Single Pile Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Liu Yong Jian , Liang Shi Hua , Wu Jia Wu , Fu Na
Published: December 2010

By comprehensively analyzing the main factors affecting vertical ultimate bearing capacity of single pile, a prediction model of Support Vector Machine (SVM), which discusses the nonlinear relationship between vertical ultimate bearing capacity of single pile and influencing factors and analyzes the parameters on the performance of the model through sample knowledge learning, is established in this paper. The research results indicate that, SVM model, which is compared with BP neural networks model, possesses simple structure, flexible adaptability, high precision and powerful generalization ability, and can accurately reflect the actual mechanical characteristics of pile, therefore, SVM is an effective method for predicting vertical ultimate bearing capacity of single pile.
The Connection of Welded Seam Three Dimensional Appearance with Performance for Joints of Stainless Steel Plate Laser Welding
Authors: Liu Shu Ying , Zhang Xiao Jiao , Liu Guang Bao , Zhang Lei , Zhao Kui Fei , Hu Yan Wei , Ji Jian Sha
Published: December 2010

It has been carried out the test and research to the stainless steel plate laser welding welded seam, by two-dimensional, three-dimensional appearance observation and tensile methods. Its result is: The YAG laser welding, is welding speed, frequency, pulse width and so on technological parameter influences to be big. In the power limit, raising the power or reducing welding speed; or increasing the frequency, or increasing the pulse width in critical value range, it be possible to increasing joints strength, however, when the pulse width surpasses critical value range its joints strength instead fall. In this study, the parameter that the appearance and the quality are all good of welded seam for welds speed 60mm/min, frequency 10Hz, pulse width 3ms, defocusing amount -1mm, the tensile strength of joints may reach 390MPa. The joints that the performance is good, its keyhole's microscopic appearance is also more complete good, but the joints that the macroscopic appearance is good, it has fine mechanical properties certain by no means. The three-dimensional observation of keyhole appearance is relatively feasible to be appraisal laser welding welded seam newest method，it is worthy discussing and carrying out.
New Denatonium Benzoate/tin Heterogeneous Catalyst to Obtain Biodiesel via Low Temperature Transesterification Process(LTTP)
Authors: Sifuentes Gallardo Pio , López Rodríguez Angélica Silvestre , Díaz Flores Laura Lorena , Hernández Rivera Miguel Angel , Ramos de Valle L.F. , Sorto Castañon Carolina
Published: December 2010

Biodiesel was synthesized using waste chicken oil and ethyl alcohol as reactives as well as denatonium benzoate and tin particles as catalysts in 500 mL three neck flask. The reaction mixtures were mechanically stirred at 200 rpm during 15 minutes at 30, 40, 50, y 60 º C, after that the products were filtered trough a 400 m mesh an then casted in a separating funnel in order to obtain two layers corresponding to glycerol and Biodiesel. The tin catalyst particles were observed by optical microscopy. The biodiesel and glycerol were characterized using refractive index, pH, Fourier transformer infrared spectrometry (FTIR), while the viscosity was determined in a Brookfield viscosimeter and density using a picnometer. The results suggest that at a low concentration of denatonuim benzoate (7 ppm) the reaction will occur only if tin is present at all test temperatures. The pH of biodiesel obtained was 6, similar to petrodiesel used commonly in diesel motors.
Behavior of Channel Shear Connectors in Normal and Light Weight Aggregate Concrete (Experimental and Analytical Study)
Authors: Shariati Mahdi , Ramli Sulong Nor Hafizah , Sinaei Hamid , Arabnejad Khanouki Mohammad Mehdi , Shafigh Payam
Published: December 2010

This paper describes five push-out tests carried out at the University of Malaya using channel shear connector. The tests study experimentally and analytically, the behavior of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (LWAC). Limited push-out tests are used to measure the accuracy of a proposed nonlinear finite element model for typical push-out test specimens. Using this model, an extensive parametric study performed to arrive at prediction for shear capacity of channel connectors in LWAC. An equation is suggested for the shear capacity of these connectors in LWAC.
Construction Technology of Treatment Measure of Swelling Rock Slope Replaced Backfilling Clay
Authors: Tan Feng Yi , Zou Rong Hua , Hu Han Bing , Lin Zu Kai
Published: December 2010

Replaced backfilling clay is one of the treatment measures in the Luwangfen swelling rock test Region of middle-route of South-to-North Water Division Project. First, by using 18 tons vibration roller compaction mechanism, on the condition of 3 different thicknesss and 5 different compaction times, settlement, dry density, water content and permeability coefficient are studied before and after the compaction test to find out the optimal thickness and compaction times. Then, by using different compaction mechanisms, the compaction effect is studied on the condition of the optimal thickness and compaction times. Results show that the compaction degree of replaced backfilling clay is 100.0% on the condition that the quantity of vibration bumping roller is above 18 tons, thickness of replaced backfilling clay is no more than 35.0cm and at least it is compacted at least 12 times. Finally, the construction parameters of compaction and related quality controlling index is proposed, which is provided as a reference for design, mechanism’s choice, compaction parameter and quality control index.
Hybrid Structural Systems of An Active Building Envelope System(ABE)
Authors: Tsai Bor Jang , Huang Koo David , Lee Chien Ho
Published: December 2010

This study takes the ventilation into consideration, making the active building envelope (ABE) system more close to the realistic application conditions. The ABE system is comprised of a photovoltaic unit (PV unit) and a thermoelectric heat pump unit (TE unit). The PV unit consists of photovoltaic cells, which convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The TE unit consists of thermoelectric heaters/coolers (referred to here onwards as TE coolers), which convert electrical energy into thermal energy, or the reverse. The PV and the TE units are integrated within the overall ABE enclosure. The new mechanism of a hybrid system was proposed. A ducted wind turine will be integrated with the ABE system becoming dual core. Then the analytic model of original ABE system has to be revised and analytic solution will be resulted and verified by the numerical solution of CFD. The ducted wind mill will provide air conditioning and power the ABE system, to higher the thermal efficiency of the heat sinks of TE system. Numerical and experimental works will be investigated. a building installed the ABE system wind, solar driven, bypass the windmill flow as a air flow, ambient temperature, To is equal to 35 oC and indoor temperature, Ti is 28 oC. Numerical results show the Ti will decrease 2 oC when the ABE operating with heat sinks, without fan. As fan is opened, strong convective heat transfer, Ti will decrease approximately 4 to 5 oC. We hope findings of this study can make the dream of healthy living comfortable room come true.
Study on the Visual Image of Armchairs Furniture in Yangming Shu Wu
Authors: Chen Tien Li , Hong Pei Fen
Published: December 2010

Yangming Shu Wu was originally named “Chung Hsing Hotel”. It was established in 1970 and opened since 1971.It is the only official residence chosen by late President Kai-Shek Chiang to be established in Taiwan. At present, Yangming Shu Wu is a importance in culture and history. This study investigated the visual image of armchairs in Yangming Shu Wu. Using SD questionnaire survey and statistical analysis were employed to conduct this study, and a total of 115 questionnaires were distributed. The result indicated that, the styles of armchairs could be divided into three categories: (1) Chinese style armchairs: most of them are Qing-style armchairs, which are characterized by the presence of leg rests and the sculptures of glossy ganoderma, symbol for good luck, or faces of animals, etc. at the end of chair legs. In terms of materials, teakwood, rosewood, and kingwood are the common materials. The most frequently used material is teakwood, which exhibits the image of rigidity, magnificence, classicality and nobility. (2) Western style armchairs: they are the typical Queen Anne style armchairs. In terms of materials, only teakwood is used, which exhibits the overall image of magnificence, classicality, curving, nobility, modernization, innovation, and uniqueness. (3) Chinese-western integrated style armchairs: they are mainly made of teakwood as well. Most of them are designed with the Qing-style chair legs, and the seat back is decorated with seat back fabrics with lining, which exhibits the overall image of rigidity, magnificence, classicality, straightness, and nobility.
Unified Analytical Solution for Cylindrical Cavity Expansion of Saturated Soil Based on Large Deformation and Non-Drainage
Authors: Nie Chun Long
Published: December 2010

Soil around the cylindrical pore is divided into elastic and plastic regions. In the elastic region, the small deformation theory is applied while in the plastic region, the large deformation theory and unified strength criterion are applied. According to the stress equilibrium equation and the boundary condition of continuous stress and deformation, the theoretical solution to plastic region radius, limit expansion pore pressure excess pore pressure and excess pore water pressure of the cylindrical cavity expansion can be derived when considering large deformation and non-drainage problems. Compared to the theoretical results of Cao L.F., the theoretical calculation results are closer to the field test results which show that the theory has a certain value in engineering application. Through calculations and analysis, it is also derived that expansion pore pressure increase is non-linear with the increase of b value, while the excess pore water pressure is just the opposite.