bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum and uranium in situ leaching solutions
Authors: Rychkov V. N. , Kirillov E. V. , Kirillov S. V. , Bunkov G. M. , Botalov M. S. , Smyshlyaev D. V.
Published: October 2024

The paper investigates the extraction of rare earth elements (REE) from technogenic sources – phosphogypsum and uranium in situ leaching (ISL) solutions. We found that mechanical activation significantly increases the degree of REE leaching from phosphogypsum. We also obtained data on sorption leaching of REEs from phosphogypsum. It has been shown that, depending on the ion exchanger used and its form, chemical activation can double the leaching degree of the target components. The paper presents the findings of the study on the sorption recovery of scandium from uranium in situ leaching solutions. We determined that Sc sorption from uranium ISL solutions on the Purolite S-957 cation exchanger is much more effective than on Lewatit TP-260, Purolite S-950, Tulsion CH-93 CH-93, and ECO-10 ampholites. However, it should be pointed out that none of the listed sorbents is highly selective towards scandium ions. The paper presents comparative data on Sc extraction from uranium ISL solutions using Lewatit VP OC-1026 and Axion 22 commercial solid extractants synthesized according to the method described in the paper. We determined the mechanism of scandium extraction from uranium ISL solutions using Axion-22 and proved that it shows high selectivity towards scandium ions. Studies on the desorption of scandium from the saturated solid extractant showed that the most effective desorption agent is an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid. Additionally, the paper investigates the sorption extraction of REEs from uranium ISL solutions on cation exchangers KU-2, KM-2P, and KF-11. We found that the best eluents for the desorption of REEs from the saturated cation exchanger are solutions of calcium chloride and ammonium nitrate. It has been shown that the concentration of REEs in the solution and the removal of major impurities (Fe and Al) are quite effective when REEs precipitate from the desorption solution by fractional hydrolysis. The paper describes the separation of La, Nd, and Sm by elution from the saturated impregnate containing phosphorylpodande and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in its structure. It should also be noted that ionic liquids can be useful for the extraction of REEs from the solutions of various electrolytes. We presented one of the technological schemes illustrating REE extraction from phosphogypsum.
Influence of inhomogeneities in chemical composition and porosity of sintered steel on development of martensitic transformation
Authors: Pustovoit V. N. , Dolgachev Yu. V. , Egorov M. S. , Vernigorov Yu. M.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of martensitic transformation in porous sintered steels. When analyzing the process of development of marten­sitic transformation in porous sintered steel, the influence of two factors was assessed: depletion of carbon in the near-surface layers of pores and a change in the energy balance due to relaxation of transformation stresses on free surfaces of the pores. The martensitic transformation was studied in porous steel with a carbon content of 1.56 wt. % obtained after pressing and sintering of a mixture of PZhRV iron powders and GK-3 graphite in hydrogen atmosphere at 1200 °C. Gas carburizing at 1100 °C and homogenization helped to achieve the specified carbon content. The samples were quenched in a sodium chloride solution at a temperature of 27 °C. Pre-cooling was used from temperatures Ast to 800 °C at a rate of 62 °C/s. X-ray microanaly­sis of carbon distribution was carried out using the installation CAMECA Microsonde M.S. 46 with a probe diameter of two microns. The martensite plates predominantly formed on the pores’ surfaces and their cross section had shape close to rhomboidal. The data obtained on the morphology of α′-phase crystals growing from pores and the study by X-ray spectral microanalysis of carbon distribution along the largest martensite plates convince us of the absence of any significant changes in carbon content and, as a consequence, their influence on development of martensitic transformation in the area of pores is not the leader. For sintered porous steels, an irremovable factor in the increase in temperature is the presence of porosity, in contrast to a removable factor – inhomogeneity of the chemical composition, which is caused by incompleteness of the alloy homogenization processes, both during sintering and during the austenitization process that precedes quenching.
Molecular dynamics study of the influence of carbon impurity on austenite nanoparticles crystallization during rapid cooling
Authors: Zorya I. V. , Poletaev G. M. , Bebikhov Yu. V. , Semenov A. S.
Published: October 2024

The molecular dynamics method was used to study the structure formation during austenite nanoparticles crystallization in the presence of carbon impurities. The paper describes the dependence of the melt cooling rate, particle size, concentration of carbon atoms in the particle on the resulting structure features during crystallization and temperature of the crystallization onset. Formation of the nanocrystalline structure of nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the cooling rate and introducing a carbon impurity: at a cooling rate above 1013 K/s in the model used, crystallization did not have time to occur; at a rate below 5·1012 K/s, the austenite particle crystallized to form a nanocrystalline structure. At the same time, with a decrease in the cooling rate, a decrease in the density of defects in the final structure was observed. At a rate of 5·1011 K/s or less, crystallization of carbon-free particles took place with the formation of low-energy grain boundaries (with a high density of conjugate nodes: special boundaries, twins). The crystallization temperature during cooling at a rate below 1012 K/s is inversely proportional to the particle diameter: as the particle size decreases, the proportion of free surface increases, which leads to a decrease in the probability of crystalline nuclei formation. In addition, the crystallization temperature increases with a decrease in the cooling rate. The introduction of a carbon impurity led to a decrease in the crystallization temperature of nanoparticles: in the presence of 10 at. %. As a percentage of carbon, it decreased by about 200 K for particles of different sizes. Carbon atoms often formed clusters consisting of several carbon atoms. Such clusters distorted the resulting crystal lattice of metal around them, preventing crystallization. In the presence of a carbon impurity, the final structure of the crystallized particles contained a higher density of grain boundaries and other defects. Carbon atoms, especially clusters of them, were fixed mainly at grain boundaries and triple joints.
Thermodynamic aspects of WO3 tungsten oxide reduction by carbon, silicon, aluminum and titanium
Authors: Bashchenko L. P. , Bendre Yu. V. , Kozyrev N. A. , Mikhno A. R. , Shurupov V. M. , Zhukov A. V.
Published: October 2024

The development and research of new materials for machine parts of the mining and metallurgical complex by the method of surfacing with flux cored wire has a lot of attention nowadays. Flux cored wires are widely used for surfacing of steels with high wear resistance, in which reduced tungsten in the form of ferroalloys, ligatures and metal powder of various degrees of purity are used as fillers. However, due to the scarcity and high cost of tungsten, its rational use is an urgent task. For practical application, the technology of surfacing with tungsten-containing flux cored wire is of interest; using it the maximum extraction of tungsten into the deposited layer is achieved due to reduction processes in the arc. In order to increase the beneficial use of tungsten, the technologies of indirect alloying with tungsten during surfacing under the flux of flux cored wires, in which tungsten oxide is used as a filler on the one hand, and reducing agent – on the other, deserve consideration. It can be expected that during arc discharge, tungsten and (or) chemical compounds of tungsten with reducing agents can be formed during the surfacing process. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the thermodynamic processes of tungsten oxide reduction by carbon, silicon, aluminum and titanium during arc discharge occurring during surfacing with flux cored wires under a layer of flux. The thermodynamic analysis of 41 reactions in standard states showed that the presence of reducing agents (carbon, silicon, aluminum, titanium) in the flux cored wire used for surfacing will contribute to the formation of silicides and tungsten carbides, and, possibly, tungsten itself. It was determined that the best state for the participation of tungsten oxide in reactions in the arc is WO3(g) gaseous state.
Stress-strain state of ceramic shell mold during formation of spherical steel casting in it. Part 2
Authors: Odinokov V. I. , Evstigneev A. I. , Dmitriev E. A. , Namokonov A. N. , Evstigneeva A. A. , Chernyshova D. V.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of numerical calculations of the solution to the problem of modeling the process of possible cracking in a spherical shell mold when pouring liquid steel into it and cooling the solidifying casting. The numerical scheme of the axisymmetric problem and the algorithm for its solution were given in Part 1. The crack resistance is estimated by magnitude of the normal stresses in the ceramic shell during its co-cooling with a solidifying casting. The results detailed analysis considered: fields of displacement, stresses, and temperatures both on spherical surface and in growing crust of solidified metal. The solution took into account the change in the shear modulus of the mold material from temperature, and an assessment of this refinement was given. The problem was solved in two ways. The first – with a constant shift modulus of the shell mold; the second – with its temperature-dependent shift modulus. There is a significant difference between these variants in terms of magnitude of the normal stresses arising in the shell mold. The authors analyzed resistance of the shell mold spherical geometry to external influences from its support filler and filling funnel. The problem of determining the contact and free surfaces at the boundary of the shell mold and support filler was solved. The results are presented graphically in the form of diagrams of stresses and temperatures over the studied area in its different sections and time intervals for cooling of the growing metal crust. The role of compressive normal stresses σ22 , σ33 on the surface of contact of the shell mold with liquid metal at the initial moment of cooling on probability of cracking in a spherical mold is shown. The level of strain-stress state in a spherical shell mold when cooling a steel casting in it is significantly determined by dependence of shift modulus of the shell mold on temperature.
Automated process control in electric arc furnaces in the aspect of digital twin technology
Authors: Sivtsov A. V. , Sheshukov O. Yu. , Egiazar’yan D. K. , Tsymbalist M. M. , Orlov P. P.
Published: October 2024

An approach to managing the main modes of smelting steel in heavy-duty electric arc furnaces (EAF) using digital twin technology was defined and formulated. It was noted, that the existing power regulators do not have the function of balancing the effective power of phases and, accordingly, electric arcs because they are focused on working with a certain average value of the signal. It is proposed to use the analysis of dynamic characteristics based on instantaneous values of input parameters instead of operating ones, as it’s usually implemented in most devices. This allows us to obtain more accurate data on the arc state and reduce the amount of time and computing power required to obtain a result and form recommendations. Based on the data obtained as a result of long - term observations of the heavy-duty EAF-135 operation, the relationship of the constant component of the arc voltage (CCAV) with the metal oxidation is shown. An example of its use as a criterion for controlling the melting oxidative stage is given. This reduces the consumption of electrochemical sensors for each melting in the case of serial metal production. Based on the recorded data, it is possible to timely determine the unevenness of the arc power release between the furnace electrodes and issue recommendations on gas burners operation regulating to equalize the rate of scrap melting at electrodes with less power release. The authors propose the idea of using digital twins based on models of the active power distribution across the melting bath zones and dependence of metal oxidation on oxygen blowing for monitoring and controlling the electric mode and the oxygen blast mode at the oxidative stage of the melting process. Simplified schemes of these twins are given.
Disability, Desirability and Leah's Eyes in Genesis 29
Authors: Bowes William
Published: October 2024

In the Jacob Cycle (Gen 25:19-36:43), there is a peculiar passage about the appearance of Rachel's sister Leah. Jacob clearly prefers Rachel and the narrator includes a comparative note about the sisters in Gen 29:17 which indicates that Rachel was more physically desirable than Leah, describing Leah's eyes with the ambiguous modifier rakkot (תוכר). Some interpreters have concluded that this does not describe a defect in Leah's physical eyes but is an observation about her appearance. In this article, I examine the characterisation of Leah in Gen 29 through the lenses of disability studies and aesthetic philosophy, concluding that while there is probably no physical or anatomical problem with Leah's eyes, the narrator describes her as if there was, suggesting that Leah's undesirability is treated as though it were a physical disability. Leah's characterisation as such is illuminated through an analysis of how disabling conditions are understood in the Hebrew Bible and the overlap between ability and aesthetic appeal is explored to illustrate how the narrator of Gen 29 conflates concepts of disability and desirability in the portrayal of Leah's character. Ultimately, since Leah does conceive despite being undesired by Jacob, she is portrayed ironically as desired by YHWH and the narrator utilises the subversion of the reader's expectation to show how YHWH in his sovereignty subverts the expected outcome of the narrative, granting agency to the powerless and favouring the unfavoured.
Somatic, anxiety and depressive symptoms in orphans and children without parental care
Authors:   HSE University, Zolotareva A.A. , Khegay A.S. ,   HSE University
Published: October 2024

The orphanhood is one of the key social problems of modern Russia, while Russian experts note the lack of psychosomatic research of orphans and children without parental care. The aim of this study was to examine somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in orphans and children without parental care. The participants were 165 children brought up in orphanages. All children completed the Children’s Somatic Symptoms Inventory-24 (CSSI-24) and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-30 (RCADS-30). Results showed that 18% orphans and children without parental care stated somatization, 24% reported symptoms of major depressive disorder, 16% reported symptoms of panic disorder, 30% reported symptoms of social phobia, 7% reported symptoms of separation anxiety disorder, 91% reported symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, and 38% reported symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Somatization was found in 38% of children with symptoms of major depressive disorder, in 50% of children with symptoms of panic disorder, in 29% of children with symptoms of social phobia, in 45% of children with symptoms of separation anxiety disorder, in 39% of children with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, and in 25% of children who have symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Somatic, anxiety and depressive symptoms were common in orphaned girls and children returned from foster families, and also decreased with the length of stay in orphanages. In conclusion, somatic, anxiety and depressive symptoms are common and interrelated in orphans and children without parental care. Knowledge of these patterns can be useful not only for scientists, but also for physicians and psychologists.
Cognitive, behavioural and emotional components of adolescents’ communicative behaviour in information space
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shchelin I.V. , Petrochenko I.A. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the expansion of information and communication opportunities in the Internet space leads to the emergence of content offering dangerous and unverified information. The spread of such phenomena as cyberbullying and trolling, which have a destructive impact on the emotional, cognitive and behavioral sphere of online communication participants, is evident of negative communicative actions of users and raises a problem of ensuring safe communication on the Internet. The purpose of the study is identification and description of specific features of cognitive, behavioral and emotional components of communicative activity of adolescents with different levels of cybercommunication addiction in the information space. The sample of the study conducted in April-May 2023 included 89 persons aged 14-16. All of the respondents are 8th and 9th-year students of secondary public school and are characterized by different levels of involvement in cyber communicative activities – about 17% of the adolescents are often continuously “online” for more than 2 hours a day, 25% – very often, 29% – always. Research methods: questionnaire “Diagnostics of cyber communicative addiction” (A.V. Toncheva), questionnaire “Cognitive mechanisms of communicative behavior in the Internet space” (I.S. Luchinkina), questionnaire “Personality orientation in the Internet space” (R.I. Zekeryaev), questionnaire “Typology of cyber aggression” (S.S. Antipina), “General scale of problem-plagued use of the Internet” (A.A. Gerasimova, A.B. Kholmogorova). These methods of mathematical statistics were used: Kruskal–Wallis H test, frequency analysis. The following results were obtained: the cognitive component of communicative behavior of adolescents with high level of communicative addiction is characterized by such cognitive mechanisms as “Dichotomous thinking”, “Catastrophising”, “Devaluation of the positive”, “Emotional justification”, “Mindreading”, and “Due-doing”. The behavioral component of their communicative behavior is characterized by the propensity for cyberbullying and trolling as well as a higher level of manifesting asocial behavior on the Internet in general. The emotional component of communicative behavior includes manifestations of retaliatory and proactive aggression.
Four-component model of a child’s personality development: observation results
Authors:   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Shinina T.V. , Morozova I.G. ,   Russian State Social University, Nguyen L.T. ,   Nha Trang – National College of Pedagogy
Published: October 2024

The article presents a longitudinal study of the quality of social and emotional contact in the process of interaction with a significant adult at an early age. The purpose of the study is to study the communicative signals of a child when interacting with a significant adult and to develop a model for the development of a child's personality in the context of four macrosystems. The article presents the results of a study conducted on a sample of 50 pairs ("motherchild"), with children aged 9-12 months (M=10.04; SD=0.45). The study included the analysis of video protocols encoded in the Observer-XT 15 program. We used the Evaluation of childparent interaction [ECPI-2 ed.] methodology for assessing child-parent interaction, the Child's Communication Signals scale in the process of spontaneous play with a significant adult. To identify four cognitive subsystems of Yu. Kul's theory of personality, the method of principal components was used; rotation method – Varimax with Kaiser normalization; the cumulative percentage of variance is 70.342%. Yu. Kul suggests that four cognitive subsystems underlie the regulation of behavior, motivation and emotions, and considers a person as a combination of these interacting subsystems, regulated at different levels. Based on the results obtained, 4 types were identified: "Spontaneous", "Rejecting", "Concentrated", "Feeling"; and 6 early childhood behavioral strategies: analysis strategy, learning strategy, alienation strategy, interaction strategy, exploration strategy, and rejection strategy. The cognitive subsystems of the upper level, as well as the cognitive subsystems of the lower level, combine one type of behavior, but, being more complex cognitive formations, they are characterized by different strategies. At the same time, in the case of the “Concentrated type”, both strategies complement each other, and in the case of the “Feeling type”, behavioral strategies are polar. The definition of affective activation of subsystems in young children was revealed, where strong positive affects A + activate intuitive behavior; suppressed positive affects A (+) activate the intellect and memory for intentions; strong negative affects A- determine the concentration of perception on details, mistakes; suppressed negative affects A (-) make it possible to make a multi-review of one's experience.
The Role of Culture in Abusive Language on Social Media: Examining the Use of English and Arabic Derogatory Terms
Authors: Alshalabi Nahla , Lahiani Hanene , Yasin Ayman
Published: October 2024

Although several studies have dealt with the use of derogatory terms on social media, only few compared the phenomenon across languages from a sociocultural aspect. This study used a mixed-method comparative analysis of 920 Arabic and English abusive tweets. The researchers used content analysis to annotate the tweets according to their type and severity. They also used qualitative thematic discourse analysis to interpret the linguistic themes. Furthermore, they used frequency analysis to statistically identify the most common targets and lexical items and to identify the sociolinguistic patterns behind them. The results reveal that Arabic tweets have higher frequencies of gender abusive terms, and they are more severe than the English ones. However, English showed greater reliance on vulgar terms because of cultural taboos. English communication was also dominated by implicit insults, while Arabic favored explicit offense in accordance with direct/indirect cultural values. Both languages used emojis intensively, but Arabic used more diverse registers within messages. Anonymity boosted prejudices for both languages. In conclusion, the difference in online toxicity between the languages is the result of linguistic differences and the cultural norms and the interaction between the two.
Misuses and Abuses of Standard Arabic Passive Voice in the News of the Jordanian Newspapers
Authors: Abushihab Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

The line of demarcation drawn between active and passive verbs resides in the direction of the action. The passive voice in standard Arabic can be used when the agent of the sentence is not expressed. The active Arabic sentences are passivized by skipping the agent of the sentence, but without changing the word order. The paper investigates the misuse and abuse of passive voice in Jordanian newspapers. Four cases of Arabic Passive violation spotted in Jordanian written media are analyzed. Three major official newspapers issued in Jordan are chosen for this purpose: Alqhad, Addustoor, and Alrai. It also focuses on violating the Arabic passive rules.
Illocutionary Speech Acts in Sawér Poetry of the Sundanese Ethnic Traditional Marriage Ceremony
Authors: Dewi Anggraeni Purnama , Machdalena Susi , Muhtadin Teddi , Shmelkova Vera Viktorovna
Published: October 2024

The lyrics contained in every nyawér ceremony certainly have meaning and a message. This research aims to determine the type of speech of each stanza of poetry and to understand the meaning contained inward. This research adopts descriptive qualitative methods with a cultural approach. The research data were taken from a Sundanese sawér poetry by Mr. Tahyan from Ciamis consisting of 9 stanzas. Each stanza, consisting of several lines of poetry, was analyzed using Searle's speech act theory to determine the type of speech and pragmatic manifestations. The cultural approach was used to strengthen the analysis. This was because the speech in the sawér poetry of the wedding ceremony is very closely related to the culture of a region, in this case, the Sundanese ethnic group. The results of the research show that the types of speech in Sundanese sawér poetry consist of 2 directive illocutionary speech acts meaning requests and hopes; 3 directive illocutionary acts meaning prohibitions and warnings; 2 directive illocutionary commands and suggestions; 1 assertive illocutionary meaning statement, and 1 assertive illocutionary act that means hopeful. The meaning contained in the sawér poetry is advice for the newlyweds to enter married life through religious norms and social norms so that they can live it well and achieve happiness.
The Impact of WhatsApp Groups on Improving Jordanian University Students’ Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Omar Khawla H. Al , AL-Momani Muntaha A. , Kayed Murad M. Al , Smadi Samira M.
Published: October 2024

The current study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using WhatsApp groups to improve university students’ vocabulary learning. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design. It consisted of 60 male and female EFL students from Ajloun College University at Al-Balqa Applied University. The participants were assigned evenly into a control group, which was taught via conventional teaching methods, and an experimental group, which was taught via a researcher-administrated WhatsApp group. The teaching material included the first three units of the curriculum specified for the English Language 1 course at Ajloun University College. The study used vocabulary pre- and post-tests. The findings of the study revealed that the experimental group members performed better than the control group in the vocabulary post-test results. The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of using the WhatsApp group method to improve vocabulary learning among undergraduate EFL students at Ajloun University College. The study concluded that using group instant messaging mobile applications significantly improves the vocabulary teaching and learning process.
Study of the use of La Roche-Posay Dermatological Laboratory skincare products for radiodermatitis prevention and treatment
Authors: Balaeva D. A. , Garyaev G. A. , Ter-Ovanesov M. D. , Romanov D. S. , Gorchak Yu. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Risks of adverse effects during therapy increase along with progress in oncology and development of new treatment methods. Thus, radiotherapy, one of the main methods of treatment of malignant tumors of various locations, can cause radiodermatitis: an adverse side effect manifesting on the skin in the irradiated area or near it. Clinical manifestations vary from stage to stage and negatively affect patients’ willingness to undergo or continue treatment due to fear of esthetic defects of the skin. Additionally, development of advanced stage radiodermatitis carries the risk of infectious complications in this area. One of the goals of radiation therapists is management of radiation-induced dermatitis and search for techniques aimed at its treatment and prevention.

This study evaluates the effects of several products and their components on clinical manifestations of radiodermatitis caused by radiation therapy.
Prevention and treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis during chemotherapy
Authors: Koroleva I. A. , Kopp M. V.
Published: October 2024

In patients with malignant neoplasms, the incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 4–7 times higher than in the general population. The presence of distant metastases of solid tumors increases the risk of VTE. Most often, VTE develops in pancreatic and stomach cancers. Chemotherapy increases the risk of VTE development. Low-molecular-weight heparin and direct oral anticoagulants are used for the treatment of VTE in patients receiving chemotherapy.

Prior to the start of chemotherapy, it is necessary to assess the risk of VTE development using the Khorana risk score. Outpatient patients with high-risk cancer (Khorana score >3 before the start of a new systemic chemotherapy regimen) may be prescribed thromboprophylaxis.
New options for treatment of chronic pain syndrome
Authors: Kogoniya L. M.
Published: October 2024

According to the World Health Organization, 12.6 million new cases of cancer were identified in 2008. In 2022, this number reached 18.1 million cases, and it is projected to increase to 26 million in 2040. Chronic pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as pain that persists or recurs for 3 months. A similar definition is given in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision, which for the first time includes chronic pain as an independent category with a unique code MG30. The incidence of pain syndrome in advanced terminal or metastatic stages of cancer is 64 %, during antitumor therapy – 59 %, after successful treatment – 33 %. However, side effects from opioids significantly worsen the quality of life of patients.

A new type of peptide drugs can reduce the toxic effects of drug pain therapy.
APPLICATION OF STEPWISE MULTIPLE REGRESSION TO SUPERSATURATED DESIGNS DATA OF WATER POLLUTION IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Albalawi Itidal Ali , Abdulhakeem Mohammad A. , ALShammari Waleed B.
Published: October 2024

Background. In data analysis issues, stepwise multiple linear regression is seen to be a very helpful computational method. Multiple linear regression (MLR), logistic regression, ordinal regression and multinominal regression are all examples of regressions. Multiple linear regressions are a type of linear regression analysis that is used to examine the relationship between a single response variable (the dependent variable) and two or more controlled variables (the independent variables). Objective. This research aims to comprehensively investigate and address the multifaceted issue of water pollution. Methods and materials. Data were obtained using an online questionnaire form, where the questionnaire was sent to the target group. There were four general steps to build questionnaire model in MLR. The general steps were supersaturated designs, checking assumptions, choosing appropriate multiple variables analysis, and interpreting the output. Each model was analyzed separately using the chosen analysis methods using a program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20. Results. The stepwise regression method for all applications reveals that five controlled variables were chosen using SPSS 20: , , , and . Conclusion. (increase in population), (inorganic materials such as (copper, mercury, etc.), (rainwater), (waste chemicals) and (waste of living organisms) are the actual causes of water pollution.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SOLAR RADIATION QUANTIFICATION THROUGH A SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM: THE CASE OF THE CITY OF OUAGADOUGOU (BURKINA FASO)
Authors: Tubreoumya Guy Christian , Tiendrebeogo Eloi Salmwendé , Dabilgou Téré , Combary Tchardja , Nebié Jacques , Bagré Boubou , Dissa Alfa Oumar , Bere Antoine
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an experimental study of the quantification of global solar radiation through a solar tracker system. Using an experimental two-axis sun-tracking device, we first experimentally measured solar radiation at Joseph KI-ZERBO University site, and then compared results with those obtained with a fixed system inclined at an angle of 12.350°. The results of this experimental study show that, on a clear-sky day, solar irradiation with a solar tracker is between 800W.m–2 and 1000W.m–2 between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., i.e., an insolation duration of around 8 hours. What’s more, when using solar tracking systems, we see an overall radiation gain of around 52.33% compared with fixed systems tilted by an angle corresponding to the latitude of the site.
INFORMAL DIGITAL LEARNING OF ENGLISH TO SUPPORT A FORMAL SPEAKING COURSE: EFL PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION IDEAS
Authors: Kusuma I Putu Indra , Dewi Ni Luh Putu Eka Sulistya , Paramartha A.a. Gede Yudha
Published: October 2024

This study aimed at exploring how English as a foreign language (hereafter, EFL) preservice teacher (hereafter, PSTs) who had no teaching experience perceived Informal Digital Learning of English (hereafter, IDLE) and their IDLE implementation ideas for their future students’ out-of-class activities to support formal classroom instruction. The researchers employed a basic qualitative design to understand the participants’ perceptions and implementation ideas. The data were gathered through interviews and document analysis, and subsequently, 14 EFL PSTs with no prior teaching experience were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy. The data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings give new insights that the participants had positive perceptions towards IDLE and had various implementation ideas of IDLE for their future students, mostly through disrupting Web 2.0 technology tools, even though they had no teaching experience using technology. Two implications for English educators and teacher education programs are highlighted in this article: changing teachers’ mindsets towards EFL learning and the insertion of IDLE as a topic into pedagogy courses.
AN EXAMINATION OF PERCEPTIONS REGARDING ONLINE STUDENT COMMUNITIES: A METAPHORICAL ANALYSIS FOR LEARNERS AND GRADUATES OF OPEN EDUCATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Candemir Ozden , Ozkanal Berrin
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the metaphorical ideas held by learners/graduates who engage in online student communities within the Anadolu University Open and Distance Education System, specifically with the concept of “online student communities”. The study utilized a qualitative research methodology, specifically employing the phenomenology design, which is a well-established qualitative research strategy. The research sample consists of 637 students/graduates who are associated with student groups of the Anadolu University Open Education System. The acquired data underwent scrutiny through the content analysis method. The study revealed that participants evaluated online communities by taking into account multiple features instead of relying on a single notion. Hence, the metaphors used by individuals in virtual student communities were categorized into seven main groupings. The aforementioned areas include the exchange and generation of information, social connections, hobbies, advantages and life experiences, communication and engagement, technology, and monotony or boredom. After examining the participant responses on metaphors related to online student communities and their motivations, it became clear that the participants had positive views on acquiring information, building social connections, facilitating communication and interaction with other students and alumni, as well as personal enjoyment and benefits.
ELECTRONIC ASSESSMENT ANXIETY SCALE: DEVELOPMENT, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
Authors: Tat Osman , Kilic Abdullah Faruk
Published: October 2024

The widespread availability of internet access in daily life has resulted in a greater acceptance of online assessment methods. E-assessment platforms offer various features such as randomizing questions and answers, utilizing extensive question banks, setting time limits, and managing access during online exams. Electronic assessment enables real-time monitoring, customization, and scalability of feedback, benefiting students, academic staff, and administrative personnel. However, students encounter specific challenges in the electronic assessment environments. These challenges include limited control over test settings and the isolated nature of taking exams without peers. Furthermore, the technological proficiency of both instructors and students, along with resource constraints (computers, mobile devices, internet), can impede the effective utilization of these assessment tools. Technical issues like slow internet connection or disconnections can have significant consequences, especially in online exams, posing difficulties for corrections. The main goal of this study is to develop a Likert-type scale capable of measuring anxiety related to technical issues, social isolation, and the test interface experienced in e-assessment contexts. The study consists of two separate groups: the first group comprising 359 participants and the second group consisting of 356 participants. Both groups include undergraduate and pedagogical formation certificate program students from a university in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkiye. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Item parameters were examined using item analysis based on classical test theory. As a result of the study, a two-factor scale structure comprising 21 items measuring social and technical anxiety was developed. These two dimensions account for 59.89% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.93, the McDonald’s omega coefficient was 0.93, and the construct reliability was 0.99.
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION OF DISTANCE LEARNERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kilinc Hakan , Goksel Nil
Published: October 2024

As information and communication technologies and learner characteristics in higher education develop, so do distance education methods, which are implemented at various levels by higher education institutions. The involvement of students in the learning process is one of the most crucial factors to consider throughout the distance education application transformation, which might change depending on the conditions. At this point, it can be stated that the intrinsic motivation levels of learners involved in distance learning play a decisive role in participating in learning processes. Therefore, examining the intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners is seen as an element that needs to be emphasized. This justifies the study’s goal, which is to analyze the intrinsic motivation levels of students who get distance education from higher education institutions concerning factors including age, gender, employment, and educational status. The relational survey model, one of the general survey models, was utilized in this study, which included 327 distance learners. In terms of distance education applications, the findings of the study have a guiding nature for the administrators working in higher education institutions. The analyses carried out revealed that there were no significant differences in the intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners according to their gender, employment situation, or level of education. Furthermore, it has been found that as people get older, their intrinsic incentive for learning grows. A list of recommendations based on the data gathered within this study is provided at the end.
Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Complex for Assessing the Mastery of Educational Programs by Senior Preschool Children
Authors: Molchanova G.V. , Gogoberidze A.G. , Yafizova R.I.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a population study on the mental and physical development of preschool children using a standardized interdisciplinary diagnostic complex (State Registration Number 624012303596-7 dated January 23, 2024). The study involved 203 children from different regions of the Russian Federation: 100 girls (49,3%) and 103 boys (50,7%). The median age was 69 months (5 years and 9 months). There was no significant age difference between girls and boys (t(80)=1,87; p=0,07). New research data, demonstrating the results of six-year-old children based on the interdisciplinary complex of psychological and pedagogical diagnostics developed by the authors, identify the potential and risks of child development, forecast and highlight possible difficulties in mastering the educational program in accordance with the targeted benchmarks of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education and the planned outcomes of the Federal Preschool Education Program. The results obtained allow for the prediction of the success in mastering the educational program by six-year-old children in relation to the planned outcomes of the FPEP, based on the formation of certain systemic qualities of the child's personality.
Approbation of a Methodology for Determining the Readiness of a University to Conduct a Professional (Demonstration) Exam for Graduates of Training Programs for Educational Psychologists
Authors: Safronova M.A. , Lisitsyna A.A.
Published: October 2024

The article describes a methodology for determining the readiness of a university to conduct a professional (demonstration) exam for graduates of training programs for educational psychologists. The methodology includes collecting the opinions of different subjects of the site for conducting a professional (demonstration) exam at pedagogical universities: the head of the site, heads of departments, undergraduate students (future educational psychologists). The questionnaires contain two sets of questions: the conditions for practical training of educational psychologists, the readiness of pedagogical universities to introduce a professional (demonstration) exam for graduates of educational psychologists. The results of testing the methodology at MSUPE were presented, in which the following participants took part: the head of the site, three heads of departments, 61 fourth-year undergraduate students of full-time study in the direction of 44.03.02 Psychological and Pedagogical Education. The results obtained allow us to say that the university has created organizational, methodological, personnel and material and technical conditions for organizing and conducting a professional (demonstration) exam for undergraduate students. Students mastered each studied area of ​​activity (labor function) of an educational psychologist, both separately in the elements of a professionally oriented module (disciplines, practice) and in the module as a whole. Students have experience passing such an exam in the form of an intermediate certification before the state exam.
Functional Model of Psychological Service in the Education System: Areas of Activity and Its Organizational and Legal Regulation
Authors: Ulyanina O.A. , Yurchuk O.L. , Tukfeeva Yu.V. , Filatova N.N. , Ryzhova I.D.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a monitoring study of the functional model of psychological service in the system of general education and secondary vocational education. The purpose of the monitoring is to study variable approaches to the implementation of psychological and pedagogical support in various regions of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted from March to April 2024 in 8 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and involved educational psychologists (educational psychologists) from preschool, general education and professional educational organizations. The total sample size was 2288 people. The article discusses the analysis of the results obtained in accordance with the identified functional blocks: organizational and legal regulation of psychological and pedagogical support activities and areas of activity of psychological services in the system of general education and secondary vocational education. The study made it possible to comprehensively present the current state of the psychological service, its development resources and areas of improvement. This study will become the basis for further development of a draft functional model of psychological service in the system of general education and secondary vocational education, as well as variable models of its organization.
Atypical Presentation of Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor
Authors: Khalilov Varis  S. , Kislyakov Aleksey N. , Medvedeva Natalia A. , Serova Natalia S.
Published: October 2024

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) is a benign glioneuronal neoplasm, usually found in children and adolescents, in the vast majority of cases associated with drug-resistant epilepsy. Typically, epileptic seizures are the main, and in most cases, their only clinical manifestation. Although DNET is a benign, biologically stable tumor with few reports of malignancy, it is one of the most common reasons for epileptic surgery. The epileptogenic potential of this tumor is so high that DNET s, along with ganglioglioma, have received the informal term “epileptomas” and are by far the leaders in the group of low-grade tumors associated with long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEAT). It is believed that this epileptogenicity is due to localization in the neocortex and frequent association with focal cortical dysplasias (FCD). In the world literature, there are only a few mentions of DNET s not associated with epilepsy. The article presents the experience of complex, interdisciplinary diagnosis of DNET in a child without epilepsy who complained of frequent headaches. During a comprehensive MRI examination, a cortical-subcortical pathological substrate was discovered in the left temporal lobe with radiological signs of DNET. During video-EEG monitoring of night sleep, no epileptiform signs were recorded. There was no history of epileptic seizures or other paroxysms. A control MRI revealed a slight increase in the size of the pathological substrate, which was the reason for surgical treatment. Pathological examination revealed microscopic features of DNET. This case of absence of epilepsy in a child with cortical DNET in the temporal lobe cortex suggests that the spectrum of its clinical manifestations and biological behavior is not fully understood and requires further comprehensive study.
Spectrum of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zabirova Alfiia  H. , Bakulin Ilya S. , Zakharova Maria N. , Gnedovskaya Elena V. , Suponeva Natalia A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), which significantly affects patients’ daily life and professional activity. Despite the development of methods to screen MS patients for CI, data on its prevalence in the Russian population are still lacking.
Aim: to comprehensively assess cognitive functions in patients with different types of MS.
Materials and methods. The study included MS patients who did not have any other possible causes of CI and no diseases or conditions that confounded this assessment. CI was determined using the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) test battery and the Stroop test as a decrease in the scores below the mean by at least 1.5 standard deviations. CI was subjectively assessed using the Perceived Deficit Questionnaire; fatigue was subjectively assessed using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The Mann–Whitney test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison, and the Spearman test was used to evaluate correlations.
Results. We evaluated 77 MS patients (30 men; age 40 [30; 48] years; 47 with relapsing-remitting MS, 30 with progressive MS). CI incidence was 23.4% in patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 77% in patients with progressive MS, while multi-domain CI was statistically significantly more common in patients with progressive MS. Impairment of processing speed was the most common. Patients with relapsing-remitting MS and CI were statistically significantly older and had longer disease duration than those without CI. There was a statistically significant correlation of subjective CI severity with MFIS scores but not with testing results.
Conclusion. CI incidence in MS patients was relatively high with greater severity and involvement of more domains in patients with progressive MS. No correlation was found between subjective and objective CI assessment results, which may suggest that patients underestimated their deficit.