bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribal marketing
Authors: Cova Bernard , Cova Véronique
Published: January 2003

This paper presents an alternative, “Latin” vision of our societies. Here the urgent societal issue is not to celebrate freedom from social constraints, but to re‐establish communal embeddedness. The citizen of 2002 is less interested in the objects of consumption than in the social links and identities that come with them. This Latin view holds that people like to gather together in tribes and that such social, proximate communities are more affective and influential on people’s behaviour than either marketing institutions or other “formal” cultural authorities. There is also an element of resistance and re‐appropriation in the acts of being, gathering and experiencing together. This view of the shared experience of tribes sets it apart from both Northern notions of segmented markets and one‐to‐one relationships. In this Latin view, the effective marketing of 2002 and beyond is not to accept and exploit consumers in their contemporary individualisation, as Northern approaches might. Rather the future of marketing is in offering and supporting a renewed sense of community. Marketing becomes tribal marketing. In a marketing profession challenged by the Internet phenomenon, tribal marketing is by no means just another passing fad but a Trojan horse to induce companies to take on board the re‐emergence of the quest for community.
Changing faces: cosmetics opinion leadership among women in the new Hungary
Authors: Coulter Robin A. , Feick Lawrence F. , Price Linda L.
Published: January 2003

Research conducted in the early 1990s in Hungary indicated a lack of knowledgeable and influential personal sources in the cosmetics product category. The purpose of this article is to examine women cosmetics opinion leaders in Hungary approximately ten years into the country’s transition to a market economy. Because of the evolution of the cosmetics market over the past decade and Hungarian women’s increased involvement with cosmetics, we expected to see the emergence of opinion leadership in the product category. Survey data from 340 Hungarian women indicate that the incidence of cosmetics opinion leadership and self‐reported product knowledge is lower than what we might expect in more established market economies. Nonetheless, we found the relationships between cosmetics opinion leadership in Hungary and antecedent and consequent variables are similar to what we would expect in more established market economies. We discuss the implications of these results for marketing managers.
Managers’ understanding of theoretical concepts: the case of market orientation
Authors: Grundvåg Ottesen Geir , Grønhaug Kjell
Published: January 2003

Managers are frequently exposed to abstract, theoretical concepts, of which some are attended to while others are neglected. To become meaningful for managers, new abstract concepts must be reflected upon and given content. In this paper, we explore how and to what extent managers understand and make use of the exemplar concept of “market orientation”. The reported findings indicate that managers’ understanding and use of the concept of market orientation, in their goal‐directed effort to perform, are influenced by the actual context in which they are embedded and operate. Our findings also indicate that managers’ understanding of market orientation can deviate substantially from the meaning reflected in the academic literature.
True parallel processing in artificial neural networks
Authors: Engel Alejandro B.
Published: January 2003

The area of artificial neural networks, which dates back to the early twentieth century, could only offer positive contributions to technology after the back‐propagation algorithm was proposed in 1986. In this note an alternative algorithm to the gradient descent used in back‐propagation is proposed. This algorithm is based on the discrete central difference. This procedure, as opposed to the back‐propagation algorithm, offers the possibility of true parallel computation.
Can thesystemidea help promote critical thinking and intellectual autonomy in pedagogy?
Authors: Andrés Mejía D.
Published: January 2003

Some problems have been pointed out in the literature, regarding how the various critical approaches to pedagogy have failed to properly promote autonomy of thinking and to prevent the imposition of knowledge. The criticisms include the incapacity of some approaches to highlight and question subtle or tacit forms of knowledge, and the implicit active imposition of knowledge by some others. With the possible use of critical systems thinking in pedagogy in mind, here we examine how the forms of critique used by three different approaches within this strand can deal with these criticisms. We will argue that, as presently conceived, the critical use of thesystemidea is susceptible of being criticised in the same way.
A systemic look at educational development programs: two perspectives on a recent Colombian experience
Authors: Espinosa Angela , Jackson Mike C.
Published: January 2003

There has been considerable agreement among researchers and practitioners, working on development issues, that unless we improve the education infrastructure in less‐developed countries they will never be able to improve their development indices. Innumerable educational reform programs in many different countries, over the last century, have been driven by this aim but few have had the desired impact on local educational systems in terms of coverage, quality and equity. Taking as an example a project recently undertaken in Colombia, we argue in this paper that a significant reason for this may well be the inappropriate theoretical paradigms and methodological approaches underpinning the majority of educational reform programs.
Thorough numerical entropy analysis of some substitutive sequences by lumping
Authors: Karamanos K. , Kotsireas I.
Published: January 2003

In this work we perform a detailed entropy analysis of some substitutive sequences using the technique of lumping. The basic novelty of the entropy analysis by lumping is that, unlike the Fourier transform or the conventional entropy analysis by gliding, it gives results that can be related to algorithmic aspects of the sequences and in particular with the important property of automaticity. All computations in this paper have been performed with TOOLS FOR SYMBOLIC DYNAMICS a Maple package developed by the authors.
Asymptotic models and methods in complex systems dynamics (General approach)
Authors: Kuzmina Lyudmila K.
Published: January 2003

The paper is concerned with the different aspects of mathematical modelling and analysis in dynamics of complex non‐linear systems, that are generated by applied problems of engineering practice. Main aims are the problems of optimal (in some sense) mechanical‐mathematical modelling and the regular schemes of decomposition. The critical step in the use of mathematics for solving complex engineering problems is the building of a suitable mathematical model, that, generally speaking, is the result of combining the mathematical formalized procedures as well as heuristic (non‐formalized) manners (conjunction of rigorous science and free art). This work advocates a novel approach to the building process of mathematical models, presenting an overview of concepts and techniques needed for modelling, via comprehension of modelling problem as singularly perturbed one. Here uniform methodology, based on methods ofLyapunovtheory,Perturbationstheory [Asymptotic method in theory of non‐linear oscillations (1963)] in accordance withStabilitypostulate andSingularitypostulate is developed. This asymptotic approach (called –LPSSapproach) allows to elaborate the general conception of the modelling; to determine the conditions of qualitative equivalence between full model and simplified model. As applications, the different examples of concrete physical nature are considered.
Zinc pigments and waterborne paint resins
Authors: Müller Bodo
Published: January 2003

Zinc pigments corrode in aqueous alkaline paint media (e.g., waterborne anticorrosive paints) with the evolution of hydrogen. Paint resins inhibit this corrosion reaction at a pH value of 8 more effectively than at pH10. An increase of resin addition effects a decrease of hydrogen evolution (i.e., corrosion inhibition increases). The corrosion reaction of spherical zinc dust can be nearly completely inhibited with the addition of a certain epoxy ester resin (EPE 1). The epoxy ester resin looses its corrosion inhibiting properties after film formation, because of loosing its mobility, which seems to a be requirement for corrosion inhibition. So, zinc dust is inhibited in the liquid waterborne paint but still shows its sacrificial action in the solid primer coating.
Comparison of the efficiencies of anticorrosive pigments based on phosphates
Authors: Kalendová A.
Published: January 2003

The paper studies the effect of modification of zinc orthophosphate on the anticorrosion efficiency thereof in organic coating. The zinc orthophosphate dihydrate and tetrahydrate and the reaction of phosphate anion with hydroxyl binder groups are compared. The highest anticorrosion efficiency is reached with pigments which are modified by organic corrosion inhibitors. The highly water soluble phosphate pigments reduce the anticorrosion coating properties. The effect of cation in phosphate pigments on the corrosion inhibition was confirmed.
A silver‐palladium thick film for aluminum nitride substrate
Authors: Zheng Dongfeng , Tian Minbo , Wang Yingqian , He Wei
Published: January 2003

A silver‐palladium thick film conductor for aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate has been developed. This conductor film on AlN ceramics had low sheet resistivity, high adhesion strength and good wettability with Pb‐Sn solder. The frit powder of lead borosilicate glass was used as inorganic binders to enhance the adhesion between the conductor and ceramics. After sintering the conductor film connected with the AlN substrate through frit bonding, no transition phases but a multilayer structure is present in the interface. The softening point of the glass was important to the adhesion strength of conductor film. In order to achieve good adhesion, it is necessary that the glass has a proper softening point (about 500‐650°C).
When conspicuous consumption becomes inconspicuous: the case of the migrant Hong Kong consumers
Authors: Chung Ed , Fischer Eileen
Published: January 2003

Hong Kong is often portrayed as a society where conspicuous consumption rules. We wanted to find out whether this peculiar consumer behavior would still be transparent among Hong Kong people who have emigrated to Canada. Through a survey, we tested the subjects’ propensity towards conspicuous consumption (as measured by two established scales) and attempted to find relationships between the dependent variables and a person’s ethnic identification as well as the strength of the person’s ethnic social ties. We failed to find support for the proposition that conspicuous consumption is related to a person’s ethnicity. Offers explanations and directions for future research, and also serves as a warning to the marketer that blindly accepting stereotypes could be erroneous in a practical as well as moral sense.
Primary care physicians’ attitudes toward direct‐to‐consumer advertising of prescription drugs: still crazy after all these years
Authors: Paul David P. , Handlin Amy , D’Auria Stanton Angela
Published: January 2003

Based upon a national random sample of primary care physicians, this study updates earlier investigations of direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription pharmaceutical drugs, in light of the explosive growth of such advertising since the late 1990s. The attitudes of the majority of primary care physicians surveyed remain strongly negative, with particular concern about the overstatement of efficacy/exaggerated benefit claims and inadequate risk information. There is, however, a minority of primary care physicians who might be favorably disposed toward DTC prescription drug advertising, provided the pharmaceutical industry addresses the expressed concerns of the medical profession.
Electronic ink technologies: showing the way to a brighter future
Authors: Arias Terry Ana
Published: January 2003

Electronic ink and reusable electronic paper technology are painting their way out of R&D labs and into the world of signage, e‐books, and other hand‐held devices. This paper examines the evolving technology, the companies leading the efforts, and the possible applications and implications for publishing and academia. It offers some insights on market speculation from members of the professional and academic publishing community, industry analysts and venture capitalists. The paper concludes by making a few observations on current and future technological trends and their impact on the higher education market and society.
The economics of a cooperative EAD project
Authors: Redding Clay
Published: January 2003

Retrospective conversion is a costly endeavor, especially when the quality of description utilized during the mark‐up process is insufficient according to data content standards. When retrospective conversion is implemented in a cooperative project, the problems are compounded. Administrators and encoders alike are forced to reckon with legacy data formats and descriptive styles that do not match those utilized in their own archival practices. Often, more time and financial expenditures must be placed on administrative duties in order to deal with the lack of standardization. Efforts to mitigate the high cost of cooperative projects are discussed.
At your service!Does country of origin research apply to services?
Authors: Javalgi Rajshekhar G. (Raj) , Cutler Bob D. , Winans William A.
Published: January 2003

The objective of this paper is to examine the country of origin (COO) research as it applies to services. This stream of research has seemed to focus on products since the 1960s, but has been applied to services in only a very few areas. This dearth of research is surprising as trade in international services has increased greatly in recent years and continues to grow. This study thoroughly examines the related journal articles and attempts to answer the question: “Does COO research apply to services?” Our investigation found three classes of literature focusing on services, and details the studies in each. The study concludes with recommendations for future research.
Interpreting the present to ensure a future: an interview of financial success at the Fairfax County Public Library
Authors: Boese Kent C. , Brannon Page
Published: January 2003

In order to remain viable, the Fairfax County Public Library has re‐examined itself and changed its attitudes toward funding and fund‐raising. Stemming from serious cutbacks due to the poor economy of the early 1990s, the Library changed the way it did business. The programs instituted have permitted the Library to provide better service, increase the Library’s importance to the County, and enhance the budget through public and corporate donations. One of these programs is a Library Foundation. Fairfax County Public Library is one of the few public library systems in the country that has moved into this arena of fund‐raising. This case study involves the current library director and the past chairman of the Library Board, as they relate issues pertinent to these initiatives and indicate the direction in which the Library may head in the future.
Developments in content analysis: a transitivity index andDICTIONscores
Authors: Sydserff Robin , Weetman Pauline
Published: January 2003

This paper responds to a call in the literature for methodological and empirical studies to advance research into accounting narratives, in the light of acknowledged areas of weakness and gaps in the accounting literature and with a view to investigating impression management. A general line of critique in the accounting literature points to a need to expand both the syntactic and thematic dimensions, with a particular focus on developing objective methods of analysis that allow computer‐based measurement. The paper draws on the literature of managerial business communications, supported by that of applied linguistics, in bringing to accounting research a transitivity index and the application ofDICTIONanalysis. Both have the potential to extend computer‐based analysis of accounting narratives, subject to careful initial research design and specification. The potential for a richer empirical analysis is demonstrated through an illustrative empirical application.
Accounting choices: technical and political trade‐offs and the UK’s private finance initiative
Authors: Broadbent Jane , Laughlin Richard
Published: January 2003

The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is designed to introduce new resources into the national infrastructure. It introduces the idea that the public sector can provide services by purchasing them from the private sector rather than by direct provision. There have been considerable disagreements about how to account for these transactions. Key in this has been differences of view as to whether PFI transactions involve purchase of assets and thus whether the transaction should appear on the balance‐sheets of the public sector. This seemingly technical question has generated considerable debate and disagreements between the UK government and the Accounting Standards Board (ASB). Closer investigation into this disagreement demonstrates a range of alternative views and tensions. Describes and analyses these different views and the inter‐ and intra‐relationships and tensions between these parties using an interests‐based, political framework for this contextual analysis. Demonstrates how accounting standard setting, in cases such as accounting for PFI, if only analysed at the technical level, misses a range of social dynamics that are central to understanding the role of accounting in the development of society.
Exploring comparative international accounting history
Authors: Carnegie Garry D. , Napier Christopher J.
Published: January 2003

Accounting historians have long recognised accounting’s international scope but have typically concentrated their research endeavours on region‐ or country‐specific studies, or on investigating the diffusion of accounting ideas, techniques and institutions from one country to others. Much potential exists to study the development of accounting from a comparative international perspective, mirroring the attention paid over the past two decades to the comparative study of international accounting practices and standards. This paper proposes a definition of comparative international accounting history (CIAH) and examines the nature and scope of studies within this genre. The CIAH approach is exemplified through an exploratory comparative study of agrarian accounting in Britain and Australia in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In the light of this study, the paper evaluates the potential of CIAH to contribute to an understanding of accounting’s past and provide insights into accounting’s present and future.
Pharmaceutical care management: a modern approach to providing seamless and integrated health care
Authors: Al‐Shaqha Waleed M. S. , Zairi Mohamed
Published: January 2003

Institutional pharmaceutical services have widely evolved over the past 20‐30 years. Hospital pharmacy practice has changed from a profession concerned chiefly with the bulk preparation and distribution of drug products to one centred on ensuring optimal drug therapy. Whereas hospital pharmacists were charged with maintaining large drug stock on nursing units, many of them now provide individualised patient therapies. The practice of hospital pharmacy has therefore become one encompassing all aspects of drug therapy, from the procurement of drugs and drug delivery devices, their preparation and distribution, to their most appropriate selection and use for each patient. Hospital pharmacy services have traditionally had little involvement at the key stages in patients’ hospital care. This leads to the conclusion that the model of clinical pharmacy practice adopted by many pharmacy department hospitals is no longer appropriate for the demands of today’s health‐care services. Reviews many new models proposed for clinical pharmacy practice including an integrated model for providing a pharmaceutical care management approach in the health‐care system. This model is a response to the failures of traditional drug therapy. It is primarily an idea about how health professionals and patient should integrate their work to obtain outcomes important to patients and clinicians.
The futurity of decisions as a facilitator of organizational creativity and change
Authors: Ford Cameron M.
Published: January 2003

Behavior in organizations is predominantly driven by expectations and routines derived from past experience rather than by envisioned scenarios reflecting future potentialities. The disproportionate weight placed on expectations derived from past experience has been blamed for a variety of problems associated with individual and organizational creativity and change. Drucker addressed this long‐standing problem by arguing that decision makers must address the degree of “futurity” they need to factor into their present thinking and action. Specifically, decision makers must consider the relative weight or ratio given to ideas derived from two temporally distinct sources of knowledge – expectations constructed from remembering past experiences, and visions derived from imagining the future. In this paper I seek to describe how varying the priority given to remembering and imagining during enactment (action‐perception‐sensemaking) episodes affects organizational creativity and change.
Future proof: ensuring the long‐term accessibility of technology‐dependent records
Authors: Findlay Cassandra
Published: January 2003

Records and archives professionals around the globe have been grappling for some time with the challenge of preserving technology‐dependent records. A variety of approaches and solutions have been developed, many of which are working effectively now. The State Records Authority of New South Wales (State Records) has developed a range of strategies, rules and tools on this issue for its own jurisdiction – Government organisations in the State of New South Wales, Australia. The latest product developed by State Records is a set of online guidelines titled, “Future proof: ensuring the accessibility of equipment/technology dependent records”. In this article, the background to the development of the guidelines is discussed, and the strategies they contain are described. Some considerations for the management of technology‐dependent State archives are also outlined.
An information security meta‐policy for emergent organizations
Authors: Baskerville Richard , Siponen Mikko
Published: January 2003

There is an increasing movement towards emergent organizations and an adaptation of Web‐based information systems (IS). Such trends raise new requirements for security policy development. One such requirement is that information security policy formulation must become federated and emergent. However, existing security policy approaches do not pay much attention to policy formulation at all – much less IS policy formulation for emergent organizations. To improve the situation, an information security meta‐policy is put forth. The meta‐policy establishes how policies are created, implemented and enforced in order to assure that all policies in the organization have features to ensure swift implementation and timely, ongoing validation.
Challenges of implementing public key infrastructure in Netcentric enterprises
Authors: Hazari Sunil
Published: January 2003

The explosive growth of e‐commerce has resulted in organizations sharing data over the Internet with other Netcentric organizations. Advances in telecommunications and networked applications are forcing dramatic changes in corporate functions, such as supply chain management, enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management. Online transactions with business partners and customers has prompted e‐businesses to re‐evaluate their security strategy, to avoid network downtime and being unable to connect to upstream partners and suppliers. Presence of a robust security architecture is essential to the success of netcentric organizations. Public key infrastructure (PKI) is one such technology that may offer benefits to Netcentric organizations, being a system of services, technology, protocols and standards that can be used as a solution for providing secure transactions. There are many factors that make PKI implementation difficult. This paper provides an overview of PKI technology, insight into challenges, as well as impact of implementing PKI in Netcentric organizations.
XML‐based supply chain integration: a case study
Authors: Nurmilaakso Juha‐Miikka , Kettunen Jari , Seilonen Ilkka
Published: January 2003

This paper describes experiences gained from the implementation and evaluation of an XML‐based integration system in a real case. The prototype was designed to support electronic data exchange in a supply chain. The purpose of the prototype was to study the properties of the integration system from both a development and usage perspective. In particular, the study outlined how and in which circumstances XML facilitates supply chain integration. EDI provided a point of comparison. This information is useful both for the developers and users of integration systems.
Organizational options for resolving the tension between IT departments and business units in the delivery of IT services
Authors: Gordon Steven R. , Gordon Judith R.
Published: January 2003

The organization of companies’ information technology (IT) functions has been studied and described in three ways: on a centralization‐decentralization continuum, on the basis of technological architecture, and, for multinational companies, as reflective of their strategic focus. This research proposes a classification of organizational structures based on the tension between business units and IT departments in the delivery of IT services. Using a cluster analysis on a sample of 40 companies having corporate offices in the USA or The Netherlands, it identifies four basic structures or patterns that describe the similarities and differences in the way IT services are handled. The paper then describes the implications of these structures for companies that are considering the redesign or restructure of their information technology function.
Situating culture in the global information sector
Authors: Weisinger Judith Y. , Trauth Eileen M.
Published: January 2003

Presents a theoretical approach to understanding the local culture of firms in the multinational information sector. Called situating culture, this approach holds that cultural understanding is locally situated, behavioral and embedded in everyday, socially negotiated work practices. The application of this theory is provided through cases from the workplace cultures of US multinational IT firms operating in Ireland. These examples show how the local culture of a global IT firm represents the interaction of industry, corporate and national contexts. It results in locally situated work practices and distinct socially negotiated realities that ultimately impact behavior in these settings. The theoretical approach of situating culture contributes to a better understanding of contextualism in the cross‐cultural IT environment. This understanding, in turn, has implications for future cross‐cultural IS research as well as for cross‐cultural IT practice.
Computer ethics: the influence of guidelines and universal moral beliefs
Authors: Peterson Dane K.
Published: January 2003

Examines the influence of computer guidelines and the belief in universal moral rules on ethical intentions regarding the use of computers in the workplace. The results revealed that the interaction between computer guidelines and belief in universal moral rules was significant. Business professionals with a strong belief in universal moral rules exhibited high ethical intentions, regardless of whether or not their organization had clear guidelines concerning the use of company computers. However, for business professionals with a low belief in universal moral rules, the presence of clear computer guidelines had a positive effect on ethical intentions. This investigation provides evidence that computer guidelines are positively related to ethical intentions only for individuals who do not adhere to a belief in universal moral rules.
Hiring practices in US third‐party logistics firms
Authors: Gibson Brian J. , Lorin Cook Robert
Published: January 2003

Reports the results of a survey of 41 US third‐party logistics (3PL) firm practices for hiring entry‐level managers. Reveals the recruiting, selection, and compensation methods used for 96 different positions and related compensation data (e.g. mean starting salary = US$34,358). Recommends that 3PL firms use the information to benchmark current practices and offers specific ideas to improve recruiting effectiveness. Also proposes research results‐driven job search strategies for individuals seeking positions with 3PL firms.
Service and technology: opportunities and paradoxes
Authors: Jo Bitner Mary
Published: January 2003

Technology is profoundly changing the nature of services and the ways in which firms interact with their customers. The result, while positive, also has its downside. This paper elaborates on the opportunities that technology presents for firms to develop new services, and provide better, more efficient services to customers as well as the paradoxes and dark side of technology and services. The paper concludes with a section on what customers expect from technology‐delivered services suggesting that “the more things change, the more some things remain the same”. Customers still demand quality service no matter how the firm chooses to structure the relationship. It is incumbent upon firms to develop technology‐based services that can provide the same high level of service that customers expect from interpersonal service providers.
An inter‐industry comparison of quality management practices and performance
Authors: Sharma Bishnu , Gadenne David
Published: January 2003

This paper investigates similarities and differences in total quality management practices across different industry groups such as the service, manufacturing, and construction industries. The study also investigates the relationship between the quality management practices and business performance by industry category. A survey was conducted using Powell’s framework as a basis, and sent to Queensland businesses. A total of 140 responses were received – 58 from the service sector, 62 from the manufacturing sector, and 20 from the construction sector. The results suggest that there are some common factors including value chain integration, efficiency and employee involvement, though the composition of quality management practices comprising these factors differed somewhat between industries. The results reveal that value chain integration in particular appears to be an important factor for quality management in each of the industries examined. The results of MANOVA analyses suggest evidence of an association between some of the quality management practices and performance for the service and manufacturing industries but not for the construction industry.
Convective heat and mass transfer in a visco‐elastic fluid flow through a porous medium over a stretching sheet
Authors: Subhas Abel M. , Khan Sujit Kumar , Prasad K.V.
Published: January 2003

Presents a numerical solution of the two‐dimensional laminar boundary layer problem on free and forced convection of an incompressible visco‐elastic fluid immersed in a porous medium over a stretching sheet. Here, the driving force for the flow is provided by an impermeable sheet stretched with a velocity proportional to the distance from a slit and buoyancy effects due to both temperature and concentration gradients. The resultant governing boundary layer equations are highly non‐linear and coupled form of partial differential equations, and they have been solved by employing a numerical shooting technique with fourth order Runge‐Kutta integration scheme. Numerical computations are carried out for the non‐dimensional physical parameters. The results are analyzed for the effect of different physical parameters like visco‐elasticity, permeability of the porous medium, Grashof number, Schmidt number and Prandtl number on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics. One of the several important observations is that the combined effect of thermal diffusion and diffusion of species is to increase the horizontal velocity profile and to decrease the temperature and concentration profiles in the boundary layer flow field.
The choreography of death: observations from Turkey and Greece
Authors: Granot Hayim
Published: January 2003

Looks at the earthquakes of 17 August and 12 November in Turkey and Greece respectively. Examines the differences in destructiveness and loss of life and the factors contributing to these. Concludes that it is important to learn from experience in these incidences so that lessons can be learned from the full cycle of disaster.
Evaluation of search, experience and credence attributes: role of brand name and product trial
Authors: Srinivasan Srini S. , Till Brian D.
Published: January 2003

Previous researchers have established that brand names are important in determining perceptions of brand quality and attitude towards the product. In this research we investigate the role of brand name in shaping consumers’ evaluation of search, experience, and credence attributes. The findings confirm that, prior to trial, brand name increases consumers’ perception of experience and credence attribute performance evaluations. However, prior to trial, brand name is found not to affect consumers’ perception of search attributes. Trial of the brand is found to reduce (and not eliminate) the advantage branded products have in enhancing consumers’ perception of experience and credence attributes.
Celebrating history and innovation: the Louisiana Purchase Digital Library project at Louisiana State University
Authors: Fifarek Aimee
Published: January 2003

For over a decade, the Louisiana State University Libraries have been engaged in providing digital access to their many varied special collections. The most recent of these projects is a collaboration between the LSU Libraries, the New Orleans Public Library, and the LSU Digital Library, focused on the upcoming bicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase on 30 April 2003. “Louisiana Purchase bicentennial: a heritage explored” will be a collection of more than 25,000 images of primary source material from the 1700s, 1800s and 1900s held by the LSU libraries and the New Orleans Public Library. The collection is scheduled to be completed and online in March of 2003, and will be available for use by educators, school children, and independent researchers. This article details the process of digitizing such a varied collection, and the lessons learned from it.
Transcribing and encoding spoken data
Authors: Cencini Marco
Published: January 2003

Presents some basic features for encoding spoken texts with the TEI (text encoding initiative) scheme. Highlights the reasons for encoding spoken texts and gives a brief history of text encoding development. An example is used to demonstrate how to encode a simple transcription using the TEI scheme. Pros and cons of text encoding are also discussed. Creating TEI‐conformant transcriptions with XML provides the possibility for researchers to retrieve original recordings via hyper‐textual pages to look for specific (or partial) features that were not included in the transcription.
An overview and analysis of mobile Internet protocols in cellular environments
Authors: Chao Han‐Chieh
Published: January 2003

Notes that cellular is the inevitable future architecture for the personal communication service system (PCS). This is important for wireless mobile communications and will eventually be integrated with the Internet. Recent initiatives to add mobility to the Internet and packet data services for the next generation cellular systems are being considered by many mobile service providers, and providing a seamless support for IP‐based packet switched services is an important issue. Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 (Ipv6) is a new version of the Internet Protocol that was standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It supports mobility and is presently being standardized by the IETF Mobile IP Working Group. Discusses the current cellular support based on Ipv6 and points out the shortfalls of using Mobile IP. Highlights protocols especially for mobile management schemes which can optimize a high speed mobile station moving among small wireless cells.
Measuring the impact of data mining on churn management
Authors: Lejeune Miguel A.P.M.
Published: January 2003

Churn management is a fundamental concern for businesses and the emergence of the digital economy has made the problem even more acute. Companies’ initiatives to handle churn and customers’ profitability issues have been directed to more customer‐oriented strategies. In this paper, we present a customer relationship management framework based on the integration of the electronic channel. This framework is constituted of four tools that should provide an appropriate collection, treatment and analysis of data. From this perspective, we pay special attention to some of the latest data mining developments which, we believe, are destined to play a central role in churn management. Relying on sensitivity analysis, we propose an analysis framework able to prefigure the possible impact induced by the ongoing data mining enhancements on churn management and on the decision‐making process.
Path planning in the Proteus rapid prototyping system
Authors: Tarabanis Konstantinos A.
Published: January 2003

Presents algorithms for determining the paths employed by the Proteus rapid prototyping system when building three‐dimensional parts. Proteus is a fused deposition modeling system that extrudes a thermoplastic in beads through a nozzle. Determines within each layer of the layered manufacturing process, the material deposition paths as well as the regions where local structures are required to support these paths. Computes the paths with the goal of reducing the amount of supports needed to build the physical prototype of the part by taking advantage of the two novel manufacturing techniques of shelving and bridging that had been developed previously. The path planning algorithms presented are designed to utilize the above techniques and address the variety of conditions that appear in practice allowing the Proteus system to “build in air”.
The challenge of cross‐cultural leadership interaction: Finnish expatriates in Indonesia
Authors: Suutari Vesa , Raharjo Kusdi , Riikkilä Timo
Published: January 2003

International assignments are becoming more and more typical parts of a managerial career. As an outcome, cross‐cultural leadership competencies are required within international companies. Still, real cross‐cultural leadership interaction between expatriate managers and their local subordinates has not been much studied. In the light of this, the goals of the present study were to analyse whether and how expatriate managers adjust their leadership style due to cross‐cultural differences, and whether and how local subordinates perceive the styles of expatriate managers to differ from the styles of local managers after possible adjustments. The data were collected by interviewing Finnish expatriate managers and their Indonesian subordinates in real cross‐cultural business settings with a bicultural interview team.
The Delphi method: a powerful tool for strategic management
Authors: Loo Robert
Published: January 2003

The Delphi method can be a powerful tool to help police organizations forecast the future for the purposes of strategic management, and policy and program development among other potential applications for police management. The paper describes the characteristics of the method, including criticisms of the method, and steps in conducting a Delphi study as well as pitfalls to avoid.
Modelling reflective and contextual learning at work
Authors: Järvinen Annikki , Poikela Esa
Published: January 2003

Models of experiential learning, organisational learning and knowledge creating offer a possibility to comprehensively analyse learning at work. Develops a new conceptual basis for understanding simultaneously individual, group and organizational learning processes at work.
Making workers visible: unmasking learning in a work team
Authors: Howell Sharon L. , Carter Vicki K. , Schied Fred M.
Published: January 2003

Investigates how a particular work team interprets and comes to understand quality management initiatives centered around customer service. The study set out to add to the understanding of how work team members interpret and learn as a part of a functional work based team operating within a quality management work environment. Data sources, including field notes, an extensive reflective journal, strategic plans, annual reports, e‐mail messages and office memos, provided rich, in‐depth information. The study argues that, contrary to much of the management‐based learning literature, learning is used as a way to mold and shape attitudes of workers and to control them.
High‐speed knowledge management: integrating operations theory and knowledge management for rapid results
Authors: Morey Daryl
Published: January 2003

Knowledge management (KM) approaches that ignore the principles of operations theory will achieve slow bottom‐line results if any. Many knowledge‐management programs operate under the implicit assumption that all improvements from KM‐enabled learning are equally beneficial. Because of this, organizations spread their KM investments too thin on organization‐wide initiatives that consequently do not produce near‐term business results. In this paper, we propose a knowledge‐management continuous process that first discovers where KM‐enabled learning will address a constraint to business results and then implements an appropriate intervention in the organizational learning process to accelerate the transfer and application of knowledge at the constraint.
Supervision and service quality
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: January 2003

This study examined relationships between quality of supervision, supports and barriers to quality service, job satisfaction and quality of services and products provided by a large professional services organization. Data were collected from 999 managers and professional field staff using anonymous questionnaires. LISREL analysis showed considerable support for the research model. Quality of supervision had direct effects on barriers to service (negative) and supports for service, job satisfaction and quality of products and services (all positive). In addition, quality of supervision had indirect effects on job satisfaction and quality of products and services through both barriers and supports for service.
The impact of TQM on financial performance
Authors: Hansson Jonas , Eriksson Henrik
Published: January 2003

The question of whether an adoption of total quality management (TQM) improves the financial performance has been discussed for several years. Various studies have been conducted to examine the impact of TQM on financial performance, but there is still disagreement concerning the effectiveness of TQM. This paper presents a study of Swedish quality award recipients, which are compared to branch indices and to identified competitors. The comparison concerns the development of different financial performance indicators. The study indicates that the award recipients as a group outperform the branch index and their identified competitors on most of the studied indicators.
A network perspective of cultural organising and “professional management” in the small, family business
Authors: Fletcher Denise
Published: January 2003

This paper discusses how a small business experiences professional management by examining the relationship between organisational networking and cultural organising in the workplace. A network perspective is presented in order to evaluate the ways in which workplace relations are enacted to cultural organising. A social constructionist perspective of organisational networking is proposed which emphasises how individuals attribute value and meaning to the interactions they have with co‐workers in the workplace. A work place ethnography is presented which discusses the recruitment of a “professional” manager and his attempts to introduce new working practices into the family business. The analysis highlights how organisational members shape cultural organising by invoking emotional categories to produce mutuality and a sense of belonging in the workplace. In continually re‐enacting workplace relationships in this way, it is found that individuals attempt to trade away variance, divergent views and new organising practices concerned with change. The paper concludes with a final analysis of the ethnography and its implication for small business research and training.
Benchmarking business‐to‐business electronic commerce
Authors: McGaughey Ronald E.
Published: January 2003

The last decade of the twentieth century brought with it exponential growth of electronic commerce (EC). The growth of business‐to‐business (B2B) EC outpaced that of all other forms of EC. During roughly the same time period, benchmarking became an important approach for accessing organizational performance. Benchmarking is a methodology suitable for evaluating virtually any aspect of organizational performance in public or private organizations. In this manuscript B2B and benchmarking are discussed with the objective of developing directions for research and the application of B2B benchmarking. A framework for benchmarking B2B EC is proposed that describes five levels of benchmarking: independent B2B EC benchmarking, buyer‐seller (1:1) collaborative benchmarking, 1:M consortium benchmarking, 1:M:N collaborative benchmarking, and buyer‐intermediary benchmarking.
Genomics and social science
Authors: Harvey Mark , McMeekin Andrew , Miles Ian
Published: January 2003

This essay examines the issues that the ongoing revolution in biosciences and biotechnology pose to social science. A convenient frame for examining these issues is the framework of “thematic priorities” established by the British funding agency for social science, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). These “thematic priorities” are used to identify major challenges and opportunities that currently confront social research. Though not constructed as part of a futures exercise, this framework proved useful for organising the issues that were generated from literature review and brainstorming, provided a stimulus to identify new issues, and was a useful filter for presenting results to the ESRC, which sponsored the study. This range of issues does not just call for interaction between natural and social scientists: there is also need for the sharing of knowledge and perspectives across diverse fields of social science. In order to help inform future research priorities, we need to move beyond the perspectives of single disciplines, and make sure that we do not simply emphasise those areas where social scientists have already been actively engaged. The study concludes clearly that there is a huge range of vital questions that social science needs to address if we are to understand, let alone bring more social intelligence to bear on shaping, the scientific and technological revolutions that are under way, and their broader social implications.