bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Power and Efficiency of High-Mesa Semi-Insulating InP: Fe Buried Heterostructure Lasers with Wide Bandgap Layers
Authors: Lyu Chen , Zhou Xuliang , Yu Hongyan , Wang Mengqi , Zhang Yejin , Pan Jiaoqing
Published: September 2023

High-mesa semi-insulating buried heterostructure (SIBH) lasers with InP: Fe have great potential in high-speed and high-power scenarios, but the leakage current problem under high current injections has always limited their application. In order to solve the issue of low output power and low efficiency for high-mesa SIBH lasers, the mechanism of leakage current generation in InP-based semi-insulating (SI) layers at high injection levels was analyzed through numerical simulation. The deterioration of the device performance is due to the hole current-induced electron leakage current, which results from the reduction of the potential barrier and Fe-Zn interdiffusion. Thus, lasers with wide bandgap layers of InAlAs and ZnCdSe were employed for current blocking, the power and wall-plug efficiency of which were improved by more than 36% and 5%, respectively. For the first time, a SIBH laser based on lattice-matched ZnCdSe barrier layers is proposed, which shows good output performance and high reliability. The introduction of the wide bandgap layer in the SIBH structure establishes potential barriers to confine both carrier leakages at high injection levels, which realizes the high-power and high-efficiency operation of the laser.
Passive Phase Locking Coherent Combination of Solid-State Lasers through Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Effect
Authors: Yu Yu , Li Kai , Song Changyu , Yu Hengzhe , Wu Di , Xu Zhipeng , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei
Published: September 2023

The stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect, a new approach to the combination of solid-state lasers, can be actualized via coherent synthesis. In this paper, a solid-state laser based on SBS passive phase locking, utilizing the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) structure at the front end of the lasers, provides the amplification of the Stokes light subsequently generated. In order to reduce the influence of thermal effects on beam quality, beam-split amplification has been adopted with the same phase locking used by the back injection of the Stokes pulse. With the advantage of the combined scheme, the energy extraction efficiency of SBS coherent combination can be reached at 91.8% with coherent fringe visibility of 83%. Therefore, it provides a new way to improve the brightness through realizing the coherent combination of multi-channel solid-state lasers.
Laser Intensity Effect on Polyyne Synthesis in Liquid Hydrocarbons
Authors: Kononenko Vitali V. , Arutyunyan Natalia R. , Ashikkalieva Kuralay K. , Zavedeev Evgeny V. , Kononenko Taras V. , Akhlyustina Ekatherina V. , Konov Vitaly I.
Published: September 2023

Laser synthesis of polyyne molecules C2nH2 (n > 2) in liquid hydrocarbons is a complex process in which intense pulsed radiation decomposes the initial carbon-containing substance (the hydrocarbon solvent itself or the solid carbon particles in a suspension). Notwithstanding the fact that the mechanism of pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) is widely accepted, the effect of the laser parameters on laser-driven polyyne formation is still not understood in detail. Here, we report a study of the polyyne yield as a function of the laser field intensity and exposure dose. Several carbon-containing liquids, including pure n-hexane, pure ethanol, and graphite powder suspended in ethanol, were treated with tightly focused picosecond IR radiation (wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 10 ps). The synthesis rate was characterized by UV-vis optical absorption spectroscopy. The yields of the polyynes were found to vary in exact accordance with the value of the absorbed laser energy, following specific nonlinear or linear laws. The influence of the laser intensity on the partial concentration of polyynes in the solution was analyzed.
Natural Hazard Impact in Protected Areas for Resilience Management: The Case of Wildfires in the Basilicata Region
Authors: Cillis Giuseppe , Lanorte Antonio , Santarsiero Valentina , Nolè Gabriele
Published: September 2023

Wildfires represent a significant threat to protected areas around the world. This threat has become even more pronounced in recent years due to climate change. These fires can destroy, among other things, natural habitats, cause a loss of biodiversity, and affect air quality. In addition, they can have a significant economic impact on countries that depend on tourism and protected area activities. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide an important solution for fire management in protected areas. In this case study, the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) was taken as an example where data on protected areas and fire events are freely accessible and constantly updated. By exploiting several interoperable GIS tools, it was possible to perform a complex geospatial analysis that provided important information for sustainable and resilient land use planning. In particular, areas with the highest frequency of fires within or close to protected areas emerged, which can therefore be attended to at different planning levels. In addition, in general, the work has made it possible to implement simple methodologies of relational analysis between fires and protected areas that can be easily employed in administrative settings so as to make the territory more resilient to the expected increase in fires due to climatic changes.
Chemistry of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Oxidized by Two Selective Oxidants
Authors: Baron Raluca Ioana , Biliuta Gabriela , Macsim Ana-Maria , Dinu Maria Valentina , Coseri Sergiu
Published: September 2023

Along with the increased usage of cellulose in the manufacture of novel materials, those of its derivatives that have good solubility in water or organic solvents have become increasingly important. In this study, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a cellulosic derivative with distinct features, was utilized to investigate how two of the most-selective oxidation methods currently available in the literature act on the constituent OH groups of both the side chain and the anhydroglycosidic unit in HPC. The oxidation reactions were carried out first using TEMPO, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium bromide, then sodium periodate (NaIO4), for 5 h. A combination of these two protocols was applied. The amount of aldehyde and number of carboxylic groups introduced after oxidation was determined, while the changes in the morphological features of oxidized HPC were, additionally, assessed. Furthermore, utilizing Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric studies, the chemical structure, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the oxidized HPC samples were examined and compared.
Joint Performance of a Continuous Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Composite
Authors: Jin Shuai , Chen Liming , Zhu Shaowei , Du Bing , Liu Tao , Hou Xianbo
Published: September 2023

Thermoplastic composite structures possess superior properties compared with thermosetting composites, including recyclability and high damage tolerance. However, the poor adhesion properties of thermoplastic composites make their joining process challenging. In this research, three bonding techniques, namely adhesive, mechanical joining, and hybrid bonding, are investigated using lap shear specimens to evaluate their mechanical properties and failure modes. The stress distributions at the joints of the three bonding techniques are analyzed by numerical simulation. The findings demonstrate that hybrid bonding enhances the strength of composite joints, albeit at the expense of some stiffness due to the presence of an open hole. This method is particularly suitable for applications that necessitate robust connections requiring high strength.
Processing of Grape Bagasse and Potato Wastes for the Co-Production of Bacterial Cellulose and Gluconic Acid in an Airlift Bioreactor
Authors: Vázquez Manuel , Puertas Gema , Cazón Patricia
Published: September 2023

The feasibility of using Garnacha Tintorera bagasse and potato wastes as substrate for the co-production of bacterial cellulose (BC) and gluconic acid by Komagataibacter xylinus fermentation was studied. Firstly, the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of bagasse was evaluated depending on the sulfuric acid concentration (2–4%), temperature (105–125 °C), and time (60–180 min). The bagasse hydrolysates showed a low monosaccharide concentration profile: glucose 3.24–5.40 g/L; cellobiose 0.00–0.48 g/L; arabinose 0.66–1.64 g/L and xylose 3.24–5.40 g/L. However, the hydrolysis treatment enhanced the total phenolic content of the bagasse extract (from 4.39 up to 12.72 mg GAE/g dried bagasse). The monosaccharide profile of the culture medium was improved by the addition of potato residues. From a medium containing bagasse–potato powder (50:50 w/w) and optimal hydrolysate conditions (125 °C for 60 min and 2% H2SO4), the composition of glucose increased up to 30.14 g/L. After 8 days of fermentation in an airlift bioreactor by Komagataibacter xylinus, 4 g dried BC/L and 26.41 g gluconic acid/L were obtained with a BC productivity of 0.021 g/L·h, an efficiency of 0.37 g/g and yield of 0.47 g/g. The productivity of gluconic acid was 0.14 g/L·h with an efficiency of 0.93 g/g and yield of 0.72 g/g. This research demonstrates the promising potential of utilizing waste materials, specifically Garnacha Tintorera bagasse and potato residues, as sustainable substrates for the co-production of valuable bioproducts, such as bacterial cellulose and gluconic acid.
The Dynamics of Islamic Radicalization in Bangladesh: Confronting the Crisis
Authors: Lutful Rifat Binte
Published: September 2023

This article examines the implications of banning Bangladesh’s largest Islamist party, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, from running in elections and the effect of the Bangladesh government’s co-optation of the radical Islamic group Hefazat-e-Islam. The article contends that more Islamic radicalization occurs as the opportunity for moderate Islamist parties decreases. Using a variety of qualitative methods, the article finds that banning Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami led to a rise in perceptions of the Bangladesh government as anti-Islamic. To counter that sentiment, the Awami League (AL) government co-opted the more radical Islamist organization Hefazat-e-Islam. Such acts increased Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami’s tendency to engage in violence. Moreover, radical Islamists working under Hefazat-e-Islam secured a window of opportunity for country-wide Islamic radicalization. Together these findings illuminate the tradeoffs faced by the Bangladesh government when confronted with religious radicalization in the political sphere, offering insights into how the Bangladesh government can better manage such tradeoffs in the future.
Evaluating the Performance of the Greenbelt Policy in Beijing Using Multi-Source Long-Term Satellite Observations from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Gong Fang-Ying , Wang Chao
Published: September 2023

Beijing is among the first cities in China to implement a greenbelt policy to improve urban vegetation, which plays a crucial role in enhancing the urban ecological environment. The policies have shown remarkable results. However, long-term evaluation of the performance of the greenbelt policies in Beijing has not been carried out in order to quantitatively evaluate their effectiveness. In this study, long-term satellite observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land surface temperature, precipitation, and night-light from 2000 to 2020 are used to investigate the spatio-temporal variabilities in NDVI and explore the mechanisms of the impacts of the greenbelt policies in Beijing. The main results are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the overall NDVI in Beijing exhibited an upward trend, with the proportion of high-NDVI (>0.8) areas increasing from 26.18% in 2000 to 53.64% in 2020. The proportion of low-NDVI (<0.2) areas continued to decrease from 0.64% in 2000 to 0.2% in 2020. (2) The 1st Greenbelt Zone shows a significant increase in its NDVI (with an average increase of 0.296 units in the NDVI at district level), indicating that the policy’s implementation had a notable effect, while the 2nd Greenbelt Zone was mainly in a degraded state and a declining trend, indicating that its performance fell short of expectations. (3) During the preparation for the 2008 Summer Olympics, while the 1st Greenbelt Zone had a slightly negative effect on NDVI improvement, probably due to urban re-construction, the 2nd Greenbelt Zone showed a significant positive effect, leading to an increase of 0.013 units in the NDVI at district level. In addition, the correlation analysis shows that an increase in annual average land surface temperature leads to a decrease in the NDVI, while annual precipitation has a positive relationship with NDVI changes. This study highlights the importance of long-term satellite observations in evaluating the performance of greenbelt policies in Beijing. The evaluation approach developed in this study can be readily applied to similar cities globally.
Monitoring Spatiotemporal Variation of Individual Tree Biomass Using Multitemporal LiDAR Data
Authors: Qi Zhiyong , Li Shiming , Pang Yong , Du Liming , Zhang Haoyan , Li Zengyuan
Published: September 2023

Assessing the spatiotemporal changes in forest aboveground biomass (AGB) provides crucial insights for effective forest carbon stock management, an accurate estimation of forest carbon uptake and release balance, and a deeper understanding of forest dynamics and climate responses. However, existing research in this field often lacks a comprehensive methodology for capturing tree-level AGB dynamics using multitemporal remote sensing techniques. In this study, we quantitatively characterized spatiotemporal variations of tree-level AGB in boreal natural secondary forests in the Greater Khingan Mountains region using multitemporal light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data acquired in 2012, 2016, and 2022. Our methodology emphasized improving the accuracy of individual tree segmentation algorithms by taking advantage of canopy structure heterogeneity. We introduced a novel three-dimensional metric, similar to crown width, integrated with tree height to calculate tree-level AGB. Moreover, we address the challenge of underestimating tree-level metrics resulting from low pulse density, ensuring accurate monitoring of AGB changes for every two acquisitions. The results showed that the LiDAR-based ΔAGB explained 62% to 70% of the variance of field-measured ΔAGB at the tree level. Furthermore, when aggregating the tree-level AGB estimates to the plot level, the results also exhibited robust and reasonable accuracy. We identified the average annual change in tree-level AGB and tree height across the study region, quantifying them at 2.23 kg and 0.25 m, respectively. Furthermore, we highlighted the importance of the Gini coefficient, which represents canopy structure heterogeneity, as a key environmental factor that explains relative AGB change rates at the plot level. Our contribution lies in proposing a comprehensive framework for analyzing tree-level AGB dynamics using multitemporal LiDAR data, paving the way for a nuanced understanding of fine-scale forest dynamics. We argue that LiDAR technology is becoming increasingly valuable in monitoring tree dynamics, enabling the application of high-resolution ecosystem dynamics products to elucidate ecological issues and address environmental challenges.
PPP-RTK with Rapid Convergence Based on SSR Corrections and Its Application in Transportation
Authors: An Xiangdong , Ziebold Ralf , Lass Christoph
Published: September 2023

Real-time Kinematic (RTK) positioning provides centimeter-level positioning accuracy within several seconds, but it has to rely on a nearby base station. Although Precise Point Positioning (PPP) supplies precise positions with one receiver, its convergence time takes several tens of minutes, which makes PPP not well suited for real-time kinematic applications where a rapid convergence is required. PPP-RTK integrates the benefits of PPP and RTK, which actually is PPP augmented by a ground GNSS network. The satellite orbit, clock offsets, signal biases, ionospheric and tropospheric corrections are determined based on this GNSS network, modeled as state space information and transmitted to PPP users. By applying these State Space Representation (SSR) corrections, a real-time kinematic PPP-RTK approach is developed and implemented, which can instantly resolve the ambiguities to integers and realize rapid convergence. In a static scenario, it realized an instant ambiguity resolution and a rapid convergence within 2 s in more than 90% of 120 hourly sessions. The PPP-RTK has been applied and evaluated in a kinematic scenario on the highway. The horizontal positioning errors are almost lower than 0.1 m except for the time of passing through bridges. After passing bridges, the PPP-RTK successfully resolved ambiguities within 2 s in 90.6% of the cases and achieved convergence in horizontal within 5 s in more than 90% of the cases. The PPP-RTK with a precision of 0.1 m and rapid convergence of several seconds benefits the precise navigation of automobile on the highway, which will support the development of autonomous driving in future.
Neuron Contact Detection Based on Pipette Precise Positioning for Robotic Brain-Slice Patch Clamps
Authors: Li Ke , Gong Huiying , Qiu Jinyu , Li Ruimin , Zhao Qili , Zhao Xin , Sun Mingzhu
Published: September 2023

A patch clamp is the “gold standard” method for studying ion-channel biophysics and pharmacology. Due to the complexity of the operation and the heavy reliance on experimenter experience, more and more researchers are focusing on patch-clamp automation. The existing automated patch-clamp system focuses on the process of completing the experiment; the detection method in each step is relatively simple, and the robustness of the complex brain film environment is lacking, which will increase the detection error in the microscopic environment, affecting the success rate of the automated patch clamp. To address these problems, we propose a method that is suitable for the contact between pipette tips and neuronal cells in automated patch-clamp systems. It mainly includes two key steps: precise positioning of pipettes and contact judgment. First, to obtain the precise coordinates of the tip of the pipette, we use the Mixture of Gaussian (MOG) algorithm for motion detection to focus on the tip area under the microscope. We use the object detection model to eliminate the encirclement frame of the pipette tip to reduce the influence of different shaped tips, and then use the sweeping line algorithm to accurately locate the pipette tip. We also use the object detection model to obtain a three-dimensional bounding frame of neuronal cells. When the microscope focuses on the maximum plane of the cell, which is the height in the middle of the enclosing frame, we detect the focus of the tip of the pipette to determine whether the contact between the tip and the cell is successful, because the cell and the pipette will be at the same height at this time. We propose a multitasking network CU-net that can judge the focus of pipette tips in complex contexts. Finally, we design an automated contact sensing process in combination with resistance constraints and apply it to our automated patch-clamp system. The experimental results show that our method can increase the success rate of pipette contact with cells in patch-clamp experiments.
Plasmonic Nanostructure Biosensors: A Review
Authors: Wang Huimin , Wang Tao , Yuan Xuyang , Wang Yuandong , Yue Xinzhao , Wang Lu , Zhang Jinyan , Wang Jian
Published: September 2023

Plasmonic nanostructure biosensors based on metal are a powerful tool in the biosensing field. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be classified into localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and propagating surface plasmon polariton (PSPP), based on the transmission mode. Initially, the physical principles of LSPR and PSPP are elaborated. In what follows, the recent development of the biosensors related to SPR principle is summarized. For clarity, they are categorized into three groups according to the sensing principle: (i) inherent resonance-based biosensors, which are sensitive to the refractive index changes of the surroundings; (ii) plasmon nanoruler biosensors in which the distances of the nanostructure can be changed by biomolecules at the nanoscale; and (iii) surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensors in which the nanostructure serves as an amplifier for Raman scattering signals. Moreover, the advanced application of single-molecule detection is discussed in terms of metal nanoparticle and nanopore structures. The review concludes by providing perspectives on the future development of plasmonic nanostructure biosensors.
The Use of Deep Learning Methods for Object Height Estimation in High Resolution Satellite Images
Authors: Glinka Szymon , Bajer Jarosław , Wierzbicki Damian , Karwowska Kinga , Kedzierski Michal
Published: September 2023

Processing single high-resolution satellite images may provide a lot of important information about the urban landscape or other applications related to the inventory of high-altitude objects. Unfortunately, the direct extraction of specific features from single satellite scenes can be difficult. However, the appropriate use of advanced processing methods based on deep learning algorithms allows us to obtain valuable information from these images. The height of buildings, for example, may be determined based on the extraction of shadows from an image and taking into account other metadata, e.g., the sun elevation angle and satellite azimuth angle. Classic methods of processing satellite imagery based on thresholding or simple segmentation are not sufficient because, in most cases, satellite scenes are not spectrally heterogenous. Therefore, the use of classical shadow detection methods is difficult. The authors of this article explore the possibility of using high-resolution optical satellite data to develop a universal algorithm for a fully automated estimation of object heights within the land cover by calculating the length of the shadow of each founded object. Finally, a set of algorithms allowing for a fully automatic detection of objects and shadows from satellite and aerial imagery and an iterative analysis of the relationships between them to calculate the heights of typical objects (such as buildings) and atypical objects (such as wind turbines) is proposed. The city of Warsaw (Poland) was used as the test area. LiDAR data were adopted as the reference measurement. As a result of final analyses based on measurements from several hundred thousand objects, the global accuracy obtained was ±4.66 m.
Heart Sound Classification Network Based on Convolution and Transformer
Authors: Cheng Jiawen , Sun Kexue
Published: September 2023

Electronic auscultation is vital for doctors to detect symptoms and signs of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), significantly impacting human health. Although progress has been made in heart sound classification, most existing methods require precise segmentation and feature extraction of heart sound signals before classification. To address this, we introduce an innovative approach for heart sound classification. Our method, named Convolution and Transformer Encoder Neural Network (CTENN), simplifies preprocessing, automatically extracting features using a combination of a one-dimensional convolution (1D-Conv) module and a Transformer encoder. Experimental results showcase the superiority of our proposed method in both binary and multi-class tasks, achieving remarkable accuracies of 96.4%, 99.7%, and 95.7% across three distinct datasets compared with that of similar approaches. This advancement holds promise for enhancing CVD diagnosis and treatment.
Experimental Design and Breakthrough Curve Modeling of Fixed-Bed Columns Utilizing a Novel 3D Coconut-Based Polyurethane-Activated Carbon Composite Adsorbent for Lead Sequestration
Authors: Fernandez Rubie Mae D. , Estrada Renz John R. , Tomon Tomas Ralph B. , Dingcong Roger G. , Amparado Ruben F. , Capangpangan Rey Y. , Malaluan Roberto M. , Dumancas Gerard G. , Lubguban Alona A. , Alguno Arnold C. , Bacosa Hernando P. , Lubguban Arnold A.
Published: September 2023

This study presents a novel polyurethane-activated carbon composite (PACC) as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for treating lead-ion-contaminated waters. The PACC was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) to evaluate its physicochemical and thermal properties. Furthermore, the PACC was employed in an experimental column adsorption setup to investigate its adsorption performance and to develop a dynamic method suitable for industrial implementation. Parameters such as bed height (50, 100, 150 mm), flow rate (4, 6, 8 mL min−1), pH (2, 4, 6), and initial metal-ion concentrations (10, 50, 100 mg L−1) were examined. The experimental data exhibited strong agreement with the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models (R2 ≥ 0.96), indicating efficient adsorption mechanisms. Remarkably, the used adsorbent has the potential for facile regeneration without substantial loss in capacity. The PACC demonstrated excellent adsorption performance for lead ions in aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column system. Thus, the novel PACC material holds the potential for scalable application in industrial settings to address water pollution challenges, especially in regions with uncontrolled effluent discharge.
Life Cycle Assessment of Winter Wheat Production Using Precision and Conventional Seeding Technologies
Authors: Kazlauskas Marius , Bručienė Indrė , Savickas Dainius , Naujokienė Vilma , Buragienė Sidona , Steponavičius Dainius , Romaneckas Kęstutis , Šarauskis Egidijus
Published: September 2023

Sustainable and responsible agricultural production is one of the keys to keeping people, animals, soil, and the environment healthy. Precision seeding technologies for winter wheat, exploiting the variability of soil properties and adapting the technological processes of variable rate seeding and variable seeding depths, are essential not only to improving plant productivity and economic benefits but also to cleaner agricultural production. This work aimed to carry out a life cycle assessment (LCA) of winter wheat production and determine the environmental impact of different precision seeding technologies in terms of individual impact categories compared to conventional seeding technology. Experimental studies were carried out between 2020 and 2022 using conventional uniform seeding rate (URS) and several precision seeding technologies: in the first year—VRS for variable seeding rate and VRS + VRF for variable seeding rate and fertilizer rate, and in the second year—VRS and VRSD for variable seeding rate and variable depth, and VRSD + VRF for variable seeding rate, variable depth, and variable fertilizer rate. The results obtained for winter wheat grain yield showed that the effect of precision seeding technology on the increase of grain yield was not significant compared to the URS. A greater influence on grain yield was found in individual soil management zones, especially in the zone with the worst soil fertility. The LCA did not show any significant differences between precision seeding technology and conventional technology in any of the environmental impact categories. The GWP values (0.200–0.236 kg CO2eq kg−1) were most dependent on grain yield, as precision seeding technology had small changes in the amount of inputs (seeds and fertilizers), while all other technological operations were the same as under the URS technology. The amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers decreased by 1.4 and 7.9%, respectively, and the amounts of winter wheat seeds and nitrogen fertilizers increased by 4.1 and 5.4%, respectively, compared to the URS.
Post-Disaster Resilience Optimization for Road–Bridge Transportation Systems Considering Economic Loss
Authors: Zhao Jiangbin , Liang Mengtao , Zhang Zaoyan , Cao Xiangang , Lu Qi , Cai Zhiqiang
Published: September 2023

After a disaster, the recovery sequence of damaged bridges in a road–bridge transportation system greatly influences system restoration time and total economic loss. In this paper, the skew of recovery trajectory is introduced to evaluate the average restoration time, and the total economic loss is extended to consider the indirect loss, such as the energy consumption of detours or the emergency service fee. So, the post-disaster resilience optimization model is constructed by minimizing the total economic loss. The improved genetic algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal recovery scheme for damaged bridges by considering the recovery sequence and repair modes. The composition and influence factors of total economic loss are analyzed through three experiments. The experimental results show that the indirect loss accounts for approximately half of the economic loss, while the higher price of emergency service promotes the reduction of indirect loss using the expedited modes to repair damaged bridges. Moreover, to minimize the total economic loss, it is essential to design the optimal recovery scheme (repair sequence and repair mode) wisely to balance the conflicts between indirect loss and direct loss.
Significance of Solitonic Fibers in Riemannian Submersions and Some Number Theoretic Applications
Authors: Hakami Ali H. , Siddiqi Mohd Danish
Published: September 2023

In this manifestation, we explain the geometrisation of η-Ricci–Yamabe soliton and gradient η-Ricci–Yamabe soliton on Riemannian submersions with the canonical variation. Also, we prove any fiber of the same submersion with the canonical variation (in short CV) is an η-Ricci–Yamabe soliton, which is called the solitonic fiber. Also, under the same setting, we inspect the η-Ricci–Yamabe soliton in Riemannian submersions with a φ(Q)-vector field. Moreover, we provide an example of Riemannian submersions, which illustrates our findings. Finally, we explore some applications of Riemannian submersion along with cohomology, Betti number, and Pontryagin classes in number theory.
Hydroclimatic Change in Turpan Basin under Climate Change
Authors: Du Lijuan , Wong Jefferson S. , Li Zhenhua , Chen Liang , Zhang Baozhong , Lei Bo , Peng Zhigong
Published: September 2023

The Turpan basin is one of the most arid and water-insecure regions in China. Turpan Basin has a continental desert climate as it is located in central Eurasia and surrounded by mountains on all sides, with the lowest elevation of 154.5 m below sea level. Its rivers and water availability are mainly supplied by mountain snowmelt through surface streams and the Karez system. To assess the impact of climate change on streamflow in the Turpan basin, this study examined the long-term trends and change points of hydro-meteorological variables and explored the plausible correlation between them at annual and seasonal scales. A set of non-parametric statistical tests was applied to analyze the trend, its magnitude, and the change point of the hydro-meteorological variables from 1959 to 2012 in the Turpan basin. Results showed that the annual mean temperature had a significant increasing trend with an average warming rate of 0.26 °C/decade. Annual precipitation did not show a consistent upward or downward trend across the basin; however, there was a significant increase in winter precipitation. The increasing rates of streamflow at Alagou and Meiyaogou hydrological stations were the highest in the summer (0.42 and 0.18 m3/s per decade, respectively), which might increase the risk of flooding. The change points of various meteorological variables and streamflow can be generally found in the 1980s, in which temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and streamflow had abrupt changes concurrently in 1986 and had respectively increased by 7.2, 41.3, 5.7, and 18.3% after 1986. In general, the strength of the relationship between annual streamflow and precipitation (0.34) was greater than that between streamflow and temperature (0.16). The significant increase in temperature and agriculture in the basin in recent decades indicates the importance of reducing unnecessary soil evaporation in agriculture to preserve water resources under climate change and using innovative technology to preserve soil quality under increasing evapotranspiration and irrigation. This study provided valuable information for understanding the changing properties of the streamflow in the basin and insights for better-integrated water resources management planning that focuses on mitigating flood disasters and soil degradation and improving irrigation efficiency.
CSO Generator—A Parsimonious Wastewater Quality Model for Combined Sewer Overflows
Authors: Wambecq Tom , Kroll Stefan , Van Assel Johan , Delgado Rosalia
Published: September 2023

Combined sewage overflows (CSOs) are a common consequence of heavy rainfall events and can have significant implications for water quality in receiving waterbodies. With climate change, these events are becoming more frequent and intense, placing greater pressure on aquatic ecosystems. To prevent water pollution, it is essential to utilize numerical tools to investigate, forecast, and establish control measures for CSOs. Typically, these tools involve a dynamic model for flow simulation combined with either a detailed model for pollutants or a simplified event mean concentration (EMC) calculation. However, both approaches have drawbacks: a detailed model requires extensive calibration time, while the EMC does not account for system dynamics. To overcome these issues, a novel system was developed that integrates the dynamic nature of the detailed model with the rapid calibration of the EMC. This model employs two distinct concepts for pollution modeling: one for soluble compounds and one for suspended solids. The resulting model was evaluated at multiple locations with varying hydraulic dynamics, demonstrating its potential utility at any location where a dynamic model of the sewer system is available.
Research Progress and Application Analysis of the Returning Straw Decomposition Process Based on CiteSpace
Authors: Wang Yitong , Shan Qiujie , Wang Chuan , Feng Shaoyuan , Li Yan
Published: September 2023

Straw returning is an important measurement to determine the utilization of straw resources. Understanding the decomposition process and nutrient release process of straw is of great significance to the efficient utilization of straw resources and the sustainable development of the agricultural economy. In this study, the literature published in the CNKI and WOS from 2002 to 2022 was used as the data pool, and a keyword co-occurrence network map was drawn with the CiteSpace (6.2.R4) software. Visual analyses were based on the straw returning literature (1998 articles) and straw decomposition agent literature (125 articles), and the decomposition and nutrient release of straw under the action of a decomposition agent were analyzed using a straw decomposition characterization experiment. In general, returning straw can effectively improve soil fertility conditions and provide nutrients for crop growth, and the use of a straw decomposition agent can further improve soil conditions and increase crop yield. The straw decomposition characterization experiment further showed that Pseudomonas could effectively increase the decomposition rate and increase the nutrient release rate of straw. According to the above results, determining how to improve the utilization efficiency of straw resources via decomposable bacteriological agents according to local conditions will become a research hotspot in the future.
The Source, Distribution, and Environmental Effects of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Yangtze River System
Authors: Fan Jianxin , Yang Jiaxin , Cheng Fulong , Zhang Shikuo
Published: September 2023

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles in the aquatic environment because of its ubiquitous presence, mobility, and physicochemical properties. This work gathered and summarized the published information about SPM in the Yangtze River system, including source, distribution, and environmental effects. Results indicated that the SPM concentration was high in the flood period and low in the dry period. Compared to midstream and downstream, the SPM concentration was the lowest in the upstream of the Yangtze River system. Furthermore, the level of SPM concentration was influenced by human activities, such as shipping, dredging, construction of water conservancy projects, and industrial/agricultural emissions, as well as natural conditions, such as wind, rainfall, and phytoplankton. Moreover, SPM would impact the element cycle in the water environment, including N, P, heavy metal, and persistent organic pollutants. In addition, SPM adsorbed these elemental ions or particles in water on its surface. Still, this adsorption was usually unstable, and when the properties of SPM itself or external environmental conditions changed, these elements would be released into the surrounding water body. With the flow of SPM in the water, these elements migrated upstream and downstream with the river. Thus, this work reveals the current status of SPM in the Yangtze River system, which provides an essential reference for further research on SPM in the water system.
Evaluation of Various Turbulence Models and Large Eddy Simulation for Stall Prediction in a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Bai Ling , Hu Chen , Wang Yuqiang , Han Yong , Agarwal Ramesh , Zhou Ling
Published: September 2023

Rotational stall is an unstable flow phenomenon that reduces the performance of centrifugal pumps, usually occurring under partial load conditions. It causes instability in the flow resulting in intense vibrations and noise under certain flow conditions. In this study, the one-equation Wray–Agarwal (WA) turbulence model, which was recently developed, is employed to numerically simulate the internal flow field of a centrifugal pump under the deep stall condition. The aim of this study is to examine the prediction accuracy for stall by using the WA turbulence model. The method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely applied for investigation of complex flow patterns in pumps by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental results were compared with simulations predicted using the WA, renormalization group (RNG) k−ε, shear stress transport (SST) k−ω, and realizable k−ε turbulence models and large eddy simulations (LES). The comparisons indicated that the WA turbulence model can accurately predict the flow separation and has a good agreement with the PIV data. The WA model adds a cross-diffusion term and a blending function to the eddy viscosity R equation, so that this model could be expressed as a one-equation k−ω model or one-equation k−ε model as needed by using the switching function. The results show the strong potential of the WA model for accurately computing the stall in rotating fluid machinery. The outcomes of the study are useful in development and optimization of fluid machinery with a low calculation cost and a high accuracy.
Impact of Fishing Pressure on Reproductive Biology of Mackerel Scad, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833)in Sulawesi Sea and Maluku Sea, Indonesia
Authors:   Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany, RETNONINGTYAS HEIDI , AGUSTINA SISKA , DHANI ARYA KUSUMA , WIRYAWAN BUDY , PALM HARRY W. , NATSIR MOHAMAD , HARTATI INTAN DESTIANIS , PRASETIA RIAN , YULIANTO IRFAN
Published: September 2023

The high fishing pressure may cause species evolutionary changes toward smaller maturation sizes. In this context, the fishing practices of mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833), in tropical eastern Indonesia provide an excellent opportunity to examine this hypothesis. Two distinct fishing grounds, the Sulawesi Sea and Maluku Sea, were selected to explore this phenomenon. Samples of D. macarellus caught by purse seine fishers operating were sourced from the two fishing grounds. Analysing the total length and maturity stage of each D. macarellus specimen from the two stocks were made to estimate key parameters such as the length at first maturity (Lm) and total mortality (Z). The results revealed that total mortality, used as an indicator of fishing pressure, was higher in the Maluku Sea (5.3 year-1) than in the Sulawesi Sea (3.7 year-1) and other areas. Additionally, the Lm of D. macarellus in the Maluku Sea was remarkably lower (22.9 cm) than in the Sulawesi Sea (23.9 cm), which can be attributed to the higher fishing pressure. These findings support the fisheries-induced evolution hypothesis, particularly within Indonesian tropical fish stocks and their respective regions, adding new growing evidence that fishing pressure affects fish reproductive biology. The length at first maturity may serve as a valuable proxy for assessing the intensity of fishing pressure on fish stocks.
Značaj kože u drevnim vremenima
Authors: Zdravev Zdravko
Published: September 2023

Koža je jedno od najnevjerojatnijih ljudskih otkrića. Ima dugu povijest od drevnih vremena do danas. Svoj pečat ostavlja u izradi raznih alata, odjeće, obuće, nastambi kao i u pisanju. Ovaj će rad istaknuti neke od najznačajnijih ljudskih kreacija od kože, uključujući one u pučkoj arhitekturi, kao i pergament.
Conscientiousness dan Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya Terhadap Prokrastinasi Akademik Mahasiswa Jurusan Sistem Komputer
Authors: Syahrina Isna Asyri , Muarifah Alif
Published: September 2023

Students who practice academic procrastination often experience failure in the academic field due to the behavior of procrastinating time in doing assignments from lecturers which results in feelings of laziness, fatigue, and boredom so that students experience failure in the academic field. Conscientiousness can be interpreted as a description of a person's persistence to control his inner urges so that he can be responsible and comply with existing norms and rules. Peer social support is needed to reduce academic procrastination behavior, this is because positive support from peers in the educational process will improve student academic performance. This study aims to empirically examine the role of conscientiousness and peer social support in predicting student academic procrastination in the computer systems department of Universitas Putra Indonesia YPTK Padang. The sample for this study was 152 active status students from 2016 to 2019 using a simple random sampling technique. This research is non-experimental quantitative research with a survey method. The research measuring instrument consists of three scales, namely the conscientiousness scale, the peer social support scale and the academic procrastination scale. The results of this study indicate that conscientiousness and peer social support in collaboration are able have a significant effect on student academic procrastination in the computer systems department. Furthermore, conscientiousness partially has a significant effect on student academic procrastination in the computer systems department. Finally, peer social support partially has a significant effect on student academic procrastination in the computer systems department. The relationship that occurs is negative, the higher the conscientiousness and peer social support, the lower the student academic procrastination in the computer systems department.
1912’DE YAŞANAN DEPREM SONRASINDA ŞARKÖY VE MÜREFTE’DEKİ KAMU ÇALIŞMALARI VE YABANCI YARDIMLAR
Authors: HANÇER Tansu Hilmi
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada 1912 yılında Edirne vilayetine bağı olan Şarköy ve Mürefte kazalarında yaşanan deprem felaketine dair Osmanlı bürokrasisinin durumu yönetme süreci incelenmiştir. Felaket karşısında başkent ile yerel görevlilerin arasındaki bağlantı ve duruma hâkim olma süreci belgelere yansımıştır. Merkezden gönderilen ve yerel görevliler çoğunlukla kamuya ait yapılarla alakalı çalışmışlar, denetimi Emlak-ı Emiriye Müdüriyeti yapmıştır. Büyük felaket Osmanlı Devleti’nin yıkılma aşamasında yaşanmıştır. Bu durum depremde yapılmak istenen yardım ve müdahalelere de yansımıştır. Mali durum sebebiyle harcamalar için hazinenin kullanılmasından kaçınılmıştır. Nakit ödeme müracaatlarına olumsuz cevaplar verilmiş, farklı kurumların ve nezaretlerin imkânlarına başvurulmuştur. Harbiye Nezaretinden yedek askeri birlikleri kullandırması, Hilal-i Ahmer’den yardım personeli göndermesi istenmiştir. Felaket ve hasarlara rağmen bölgede dikkat çekici bir emniyet sorunu yaşanmamış, asayiş sağlanmıştır. Kurumlar arası işbirliği ve yönlendirmeyle beraber sürece yabancı yardım teşebbüsleri de dâhil olmuştur. Yurtdışındaki önemli bir yardım noktası haline gelen Londra Sefaretinin Hariciye Nezaretiyle ve İngiltere’deki taraflarla kurduğu bağlantı zaman içerisinde gelişmiştir. İngiliz kamu kurumları, özel girişimciler ve dini kurumların katıldığı bir yardım kampanyası gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yerel görevliler deprem bölgesindeki ihtiyaçlar, mağdur depremzedeler ve hasarlı yapılar hakkında bilgileri isteyenlere ulaştırmıştır. Londra Sefaretinin bu konudaki çabalarının sonuçları görülemeden depremin ertesinde bölgeyi mağdur eden savaş ve işgal felaketleri takip etmiştir. Her iki ilçenin nüfus yapısı değişmeye başlamış ancak yatırımlar ve ekonomisinin gelişmesi için uzun zaman geçmesi gerekmiştir.
ALAT PROYEK MIKRO KONTROL PENGHAPUS PAPAN TULIS OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN REMOTE BERBASIS ARDUINO
Authors: Ragil Pamungkas Sukma , Mukhlison, S.T., M.T  , Sri Widoretno, S.T., M.T
Published: September 2023

The development of automation technology on blackboard erasers can increase the level of hygiene and health, because with an automation system the activity of erasing the blackboard can be carried out automatically without inhaling marker ink which has an impact on health and does not dirty hands. The purpose and working mechanism of making an automatic blackboard eraser using a remote and Arduino. The method of designing an automatic whiteboard eraser is made using an arduino uno as a microcontroller and an infrared remote that controls a stepper motor to drive the eraser. The assembly of the blackboard eraser mechanism is done by preparing a blackboard prototype that has been mounted on an iron frame. Then, install the top rail and bottom rail. Followed by installing the upper and lower wheels on the upper and lower rails that have been glued to the eraser clamp. The results of the design of an automatic whiteboard eraser based on Arduino Uno, can facilitate teachers and students in the learning process. The conclusion of this design is that the automatic whiteboard eraser can work according to the program that has been entered into the arduino uno and is controlled by an infrared remote and the whiteboard eraser working mechanism functions properly to erase the marker ink on the blackboard with a power of 26.67 watts