bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gökkuşağı alabalığı gonad hücre hattı-2 (RTG-2) üzerinde Eruca vesicaria'dan elde edilen gümüş nanoparçacıkların sitotoksisitesi
Authors: ÇİÇEK Semra
Published: September 2022

Gümüş (Ag) nanoparçacıklarının gıda, ilaç, tarım gibi birçok sektörde artan kullanımı ekolojik çevre üzerinde toksik etkilere yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle Ag nanoparçacık sentez yöntemlerinin neden olduğu toksisiteyi azaltmak için biyolojik sentez yöntemleri üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, balık hücre hatlarında biyosentezlenmiş Ag nanoparçacıklarının toksisitesi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar çok azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Eruca vesicaria bitki özü ile Ag nanoparçacıklarının biyolojik sentezini gerçekleştirmek ve gökkuşağı alabalığı gonad hücre hattı-2'de (RTG 2) toksisitelerini incelemektir. E. vesicaria'dan elde edilen Ag nanoparçacıklarının karakterizasyonu UV-vis, TEM ve XRD ile yapılmıştır. Ag nanoparçacıklarının (100 µg/mL- 6,25 µg/mL) 24 saat boyunca RTG-2 hücresindeki toksisitesi sülforodamin B tahlili ile belirlendi. Küre, üçgen, küp ve 5-20 nm boyutlarında elde edilen Ag nanopartiküller, p≤0,001 seviyelerinde doza bağlı olarak RTG-2 balık hücreleri üzerinde önemli toksik etki göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, biyolojik sentez yoluyla elde edilen Ag nanoparçacıklarının balık hücre hatları üzerinde toksik etkisinin olduğunun kanıtlanması ve sentez yöntemlerinden ziyade Ag nanoparçacıklarının çevreye salınımını azaltacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermesi açısından önemlidir.
Applicability of ISO 22000 food safety management system in tea factories
Authors: DİLEK Cemal , ÜÇÜNCÜ Osman
Published: September 2022

Günümüz çay tüketicilerinin bilinçli ve seçici olmasından dolayı çay fabrikaları, yaş çay alımından paketlemeye kadar geçen süreçte belirli standartlar dahilinde kalite, hijyen ve gıda güvenliğini daha da ön plana çıkarmaktadırlar. Bu süreçte çay fabrikalarının kalite ve hijyen sorumlularına önemli görevler düşmektedir. Bu çalışmada ISO 22000 Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemine sahip Trabzon, Giresun ve Rize’de bulunan çay fabrikalarına yönelik, ISO standartlarının uygulanabilirliği analiz edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma desenine sahip bu çalışmada, ISO 22000 Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi belgesi olan üç fabrikanın kalite ve hijyen sorumluları ile yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, işletmelerin gıda güvenliği konusunda bazı problemlerinin olduğu, bu problemlerin çözümü için işletme sahiplerinin öncelikle ISO 22000’in yararlı olduğunun bilincinde olması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca katılım sağlayan işletmelerin ISO 22000 standartlarının uygulama aşamalarında karşılaştığı bazı sorunlar ortaya çıkarılmış ve sistem için gereken kaynakların sağlanması ve eğitim, personel, üretim alanı, depoların yönetimi için ihtiyaç duyulan yapı kurulması ile ISO 22000 sistemlerinin çay fabrikalarında uygulanabilir ve faydalı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sistema de autoservicios en la economía local: una transformación en el comercio minorista de ciudades intermedias
Authors: Sánchez Tróchez Diana Ximena , Diago Ortiz Adriana , Díaz Cabrera María Cristina , Narváez Bolaños Lina Marcela
Published: September 2022

La producción y comercialización de alimentos de primera necesidad de la economía local campesina de las regiones intermedias, ha permitido acceder a productos de alta calidad, mediante estrategias de abastecimiento para zonas apartadas, conformando redes de cooperación en zonas rurales. Este comportamiento se ha ido transformando con la presencia de autoservicios gestionados por la comunidad. El objetivo del estudio, es establecer mediante el análisis del caso cómo la economía local ha adaptado nuevos formatos para mejorar la eficiencia en la comercialización. Para la obtención de la información se empleó modelos mixtos, combinando enfoques cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se estudiaron dos poblaciones, 130 clientes y diez propietarios y/o administradores de autoservicios, en la segunda población se empleó un muestreo por conveniencia dada la ubicación de los autoservicios en la zona geográfica de interés. Se diseñó una encuesta estructurada dirigida a clientes, las variables sobre las cuales se indagó fueron 1) comportamiento de compra, 2) medios de promoción, 3) percepción del lugar. Para los administradores y/o propietarios de autoservicios, se estudiaron 1) prioridades administrativas del autoservicio, 2) proveedores, 3) atención al cliente, 4) planeación y proyección de ventas y 5) conocimientos financieros y normativos.  Se logró identificar que la economía local se ha visto influenciada en las ciudades intermedias por otras formas de comercialización de productos de primera necesidad, especialmente por el acceso y la cercanía con los proveedores aspectos que se consideran una ventaja competitiva gracias al relacionamiento que se tiene con los productores locales, quienes ofrecen ventaja como mejor precio, mayores plazos y facilidades de pago. Se concluye que se requiere fortalecer cuatro procesos: administración/alta gerencia, gestión comercial, talento humano y gestión de las comunicaciones.
Effect of Capital Inflows on Financial Development: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Imtiaz , Seikdear Sahabuddin Ahmed , Khatun Ratna
Published: September 2022

This study examines the effect of capital inflow components' on Bangladesh's financial development. The analysis applied the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model to reveal short-run and long-run associations by utilizing monthly data from January 2011 to December 2021. The study appoints two proxy variables: bank credit to GDP and bank deposit to GDP to address financial development. Findings of the analysis demonstrated that FDI and remittance inflow don't exhibit a significant relationship with financial development in the long run. However, foreign aid established a nexus with the financial progress of Bangladesh. The study recommends enacting policies to keep capital inflows under Bangladesh's financial system by repatriating foreign investors' profits and lessening remittance costs by facilitating and modernizing remittance management.
Modeling of the two-dimensional electric field of a single round wire over a grounded plate using the conformal mapping method
Authors: Канарейкин А.И.
Published: September 2022

Статья посвящена вопросу моделирования электрического поля с помощью применения метода конформных отображений. Раскрывается суть данного метода. Получено выражение по расчету сложного двумерного электрического поля круглого провода над заземленной пластиной. При этом само поле неоднородное. Полученное решение является довольно простым, что говорит об эффективности применения данного метода. Полученный результат может быть полезным для расчета ряда инженерных задач в области моделирования электрических полей сложных систем с целью снижения потерь при передаче электроэнергии.

The article is devoted to the issue of modeling the electric field using the conformal mapping method. The essence of this method is revealed. The author obtained an expression based on the calculation of a complex two-dimensional electric field of a round wire over a grounded plate. At the same time, the field itself is heterogeneous. The resulting solution is quite simple. Which indicates the effectiveness of this method. The obtained result can be useful for calculating a number of engineering problems in the field of modeling electric fields of complex systems in order to reduce losses during the transmission of electricity
Demonstrator of a hardware and software tool automated detection of malicio us multimedia objects on the Internet (summary of research)
Authors: Пилькевич С.В. , Гнидко К.О. , Лохвицкий В.А. , Дудкин А.С. , Иванов О.С. , Сабиров Т.Р.
Published: September 2022

Представлено обобщение результатов исследования, проведенного авторским коллективом в 2018–2021 годах в рамках грантового финансирования РФФИ1 . В частности раскрыты обоснования использованных в исследовании подходов для достижения заявленной цели; перечислены задачи, решение которых способствовало достижению требуемых результатов; обозначены концептуальные положения, в русле которых построена логика разработанных решений; описаны возможности и ограничения созданного демонстратора – программно-технического средства выявления и интеллектуальной обработки деструктивного мультимедийного интернет-контента. Представлены результаты тестовой эксплуатации разработанного программно-технического средства (демонстратора), позиционируемого авторами в качестве элемента интеллектуальной системы защиты здоровья интернет-пользователя путем автоматизированной интеллектуальной обработки интернет-трафика, выводимого на пользовательский монитор, что способствует обеспечению информационно-психологической безопасности населения. Обозначены направления дальнейшего усовершенствования демонстратора.

The results of the research conducted by the author's team in 2018-2021 are presented. The rationale of the approaches used in the study to achieve the goal is disclosed; the tasks, the solution of which contributed to the achievement of the required results, are listed; the conceptual provisions, within which the logic of the developed solutions is built; the capabilities and limitations of the created hardware and software tool for identification and intelligent processing of destructive multimedia Internet content are described. The results of experimental operation of the developed tool, which is an element of the intellectual health protection system for Internet users, are presented. Directions for further improvement of the developed hardware and software complex are outlined.
Principios de Biomecánica Aplicados al Diseño de Calzado
Authors: Loaiza Jair , Acosta Maria Angélica
Published: September 2022

Los zapatos son la prenda de uso diario más importante. Proveen protección, comodidad y equilibrio en el movimiento de las personas. Sin embargo, su incidencia en la estabilidad y el correcto funcionamiento de la cadena cinemática formada por cadera, fémur, rodilla, pantorrilla, tobillo y pie todavía no se encuentra claramente establecida y delimitada. La comodidad es un concepto íntimamente ligado al uso del zapato que se puede ver comprometida por la estética o el estatus. Muchos diseños comerciales no tienen en cuenta una serie de consecuencias referidas a malformaciones y lesiones por el uso de calzado inadecuado. En cerca del 80% de la industria del calzado en Colombia, el diseño de calzado no es un proceso correctamente concebido desde el punto de vista de la ingeniería. Son muy pocos los fabricantes que ofrecen productos diseñados con criterios biomecánicos y ergonómicos, pero a costos muy altos para la mayoría de la gente. El Grupo de Investigación en Biomecánica, adscrito al Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónica de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia de la Sede de Bogotá, ha adelantado un completo estudio sobre los aspectos biomecánicos y ergonómicos más relevantes a tener en cuenta en el diseño de calzado. Los resultados de esta investigación se resumen en este trabajo.
Comparison of carbetocin and oxytocin in the prevention of atonic post-partum hemorrhage following normal vaginal delivery
Authors: Anurag Aakriti , Singh Salomi , Kumar Sushil
Published: September 2022

Background: Post-partum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Use of uterotonic drugs in active management of third stage of labour has been found to be most effective in prevention of PPH.  Aims and objectives were to compare the efficacy and safety of carbitocin and oxytocin for prophylaxis of post-partum hemorrhage after singleton, term vaginal deliveries.Methods: Prospective randomized interventional study of 250 women with singleton term pregnancies undergoing vaginal delivery at MGM Women and Children’s Hospital, Kalamboli from May 2021 to May 2022. Participants randomized into 2 groups, group A and B receiving carbitocin and oxytocin respectively. Post-delivery uterine tone, vaginal bleeding, change in Hb and PCV, occurrence of adverse effects used to assess efficacy and safety of both drugs.Results: Carbetocin was statistically equal to oxytocin in preventing uterine atony and hence PPH, with similar duration of uterotonic action and lesser requirement of other uterotonic drugs. There was no incidence of adverse effects in either group.Conclusions: Since carbetocin is an effective, room temperature stable uterotonic drug with minimal side effects, it can be beneficial for use in prevention of PPH in rural settings.
Comparative efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose, iron sucrose and iron sorbitol in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in Indian pregnant women
Authors: Patil Keval Ashok , Tehalia Manpreet Kaur
Published: September 2022

Background: There’s paucity of data on comparative efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), iron sucrose (IS) and iron sorbitol (ISr) in management of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy. Present study assessed the efficacy and safety of these iron preparations in management of IDA in Indian pregnant women.Methods: This was a single-centre, parallel-group, open-label, randomised clinical trial. Total 150 pregnant women of 24 to 34 weeks of gestation with IDA and hemoglobin between 6.5 to <9.0g/dL, were randomised to three groups to receive either FCM, IS or ISr. Primary outcome was improvement in hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels with FCM, IS and ISr. Comparative improvement in other hematological parameters, tolerability and safety were also analysed.Results: At 2 weeks, significant increase in hemoglobin of 1.86 g/dL was noted with FCM compared to 1.24 and 0.83 g/dL with IS and ISr respectively. At 6 weeks, increase in hemoglobin with FCM (4.02 g/dL) was almost two times of that with ISr (2.08 g/dL) and almost 1.4 times of that with IS (2.87g/dL). Significant improvement in serum ferritin was noted with FCM (25.59 µg/L) compared to IS (18.86 µg/L) and ISr (13.84 µg/L) at 2 weeks and also at 6 weeks (87.71 vs. 65.22 vs. 43.5 µg/L). Improvement in other hematological parameters was also significantly more with FCM compared to IS and ISr. Minor adverse effects were seen with IS and FCM. No serious adverse effects were reported in any group.Conclusions: FCM 1000 mg rapidly corrects hemoglobin and replenishes iron stores in pregnant women with moderate to severe anemia reporting in third trimester.
A non-interventional, cross-sectional study to analyse the quality of life of infertile patients at rural medical college
Authors: Ahmed Khan Farnaz Feroz , Naik Amit S. , Naik Saudamini A. , Vaje Mugdha C.
Published: September 2022

Background: World health organization (WHO) estimates that 60 to 80 million couples worldwide currently suffer from infertility and in India, of the 8.8% infertility prevalence, 6.7% women have primary infertility and 2.1% women have secondary infertility Objectives were to assess the quality of life of infertile patients and to appreciate the physical, mental, social, and psychological sufferings of infertile patients.Methods: The 54 sequential infertility patients visiting gynecology OPD at SMBT IMS were self-administered a pre-validated questionnaire having 26 questions, divided into 3 components 1. Physical and psychological health of infertile patients. 2. Marital relationships of infertile patients. 3. Self-assessment of social status.Results: Out of 54 responders, 32 participants were female and 22 were male. Maximum responders had Primary infertility. In our study 46% responders felt they were sad and depressed, and 37% feel infertility makes them angry in their physical, social and work life, 35% responders felt it was difficult to talk to their about infertility. The 24% had severe form of physical pain and discomfort and 48% people were dissatisfied with their sexual relationship, 46% felt uncomfortable and incomplete attending social situations like holidays and celebrations as they felt they were topic of discussion all the time.Conclusions: This study, hopes to generate an empathetic approach among the masses towards patients with infertility. It might help to highlight the need for separate infertility OPDs and to include a psychological counseling dimension to the treatment of infertility
Obstetric-associated lower urinary tract injuries: a single-center study
Authors: Chaudhari Sandipkumar , Patel Jimitkumar , Patel Priyanshu , Chaudhary Naresh , Chaudhary Sonalben , Choudhary Bhooraram
Published: September 2022

Background: Urinary tract injury is a known complication of obstetric and gynecologic surgery. Intraoperative identification of injury permits prompt repair and potentially lessens postoperative sequelae including patient morbidity and cost. Delayed diagnosis of urinary tract injuries can result in physical complications beyond the site of the injury, such as genitourinary fistula formation, renal injury, sepsis, death, and psychosocial dysfunction.Methods: We describe the management of 27 patients with such injuries, including their demographic profile, associated factors, and complications at a tertiary institution in a retrospective study from February 2013 to March 2021.Results: Bladder injuries were the most common (81.5%), mostly occurring during emergency cesarean delivery, with previous cesarean delivery and adhesions being risk factors. A primary repair was attempted at the referring institution in 18.5% of cases. Repair at the tertiary institution was mostly performed by consultants (66.7%).Conclusions: Early recognition and primary repair are associated with fewer complications.
Analysis of clinico-sonological parameters of women with preterm pregnancy with complaint of lower abdominal pain
Authors: Maheshwari Raghavi , Verma Aruna , Gupta Abhilasha
Published: September 2022

Background: Cervical length and dilatation are important parameters to be evaluated for the diagnosis of threatened preterm labor, and they may have an important role in the risk stratification of women presenting with preterm labor. Thus, the study was planned to analyse clinicosonological parameters in women with preterm pregnancy who came with complaint of lower abdominal pain.Methods: A total of 200 pregnant women with 28 to 35±6 weeks of gestation admitted with pain abdomen underwent complete history and examination, followed by relevant antenatal investigations. Transvaginal ultrasonic CL and dilatation measurement at the time of admission and after 4-6 hours of observation were done. The subjects were followed and admission-delivery interval was noted. Statistical analysis was done by applying the appropriate Chi-square test for the comparison of proportions.Results: Four percent of patients had a cervical length <2 cm at admission, 40% had a cervical length between 2-3 cm and 56% of patients had a cervical length ≥3 cm. The difference between the 3 groups was statistically significant (p value <0.000001) and 100% of patients with cervical length <2 cm were delivered within one week. Fifteen percent of patients had changes in cervical length after 4-6 hours of observation and 85% did not have any change in cervical length. The difference was statistically significant (p value <0.0000001).Conclusions: Cervical length and dilatation measurement by transvaginal sonography (TVS) has a positive correlation with the admission to the delivery interval.
A systematic review of risk factors, obstetric and perinatal outcomes in COVID-19 infection in pregnancy
Authors: Koothan Vijaya
Published: September 2022

While most women affected with COVID-19 during pregnancy have a mild illness 14% develop a severe critical illness that required hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% of patients mandate intensive care. With more exposure to the illness in pregnancy, the clinical and treatment outcomes are changing. This review analyses the obstetric outcomes and risk factors reported recently from the literature, 185 potentially relevant articles published from January 2020 to August 2021 were reviewed. And 13 articles potentially eligible for inclusion underwent full-text review /cohorts/case series of not less than 9 cases that met the search criteria were included in the quantitative analysis. The range of the number of cases per population was 9,2475. A total of 4703 pregnant women with gestational age above 20 weeks and SARI/critical cases reported were 2589 cases. Outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection are not essentially different from non-pregnant women of similar age. Very few studies suggest vertical transmission as a possibility but the neonatal outcome is largely unaffected. Caesarean section rate has been coming down from 85.9% to 22% in recent times of which one-third of them was attributed to COVID-19 infections directly. Preterm labor was not found to be an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection in the second COVID-19 wave. No increase in preterm birth in vaccinated pregnant women. Estimates of the overall case fatality ratio for COVID-19 appear to be in the range of 1-2% (0.5-10%) in high-income countries, and 2.4% in middle-income countries. Still, data regarding the impact on the fetal and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 infection is unclear.
Bilateral dermoid cyst of the ovary: an overview of two cases
Authors: Trivikrama Heera Shenoy , Subramanian Ananda , . Shivakumar , Antony Abhilash , Kambalavan Shibin , Hashim Hiba , Kaladan Vivek , Padincharayil Shamla , Khader Reslin , Jacob Dhivya Mariam
Published: September 2022

Dermoid cyst (also called as ‘mature teratoma’) is a type of germ cell tumour. The word ‘teratoma’ is derived from Greek work ‘teraton’ meaning monster. It was initially used by Virchow in 1863. The term ‘dermoid cyst’ was coined by Leblanc in 1831. The majority of dermoid cysts are unilateral with equal frequency in both ovaries; moreover, bilateral tumours are found approximately in 10-12% of cases and we presented two such cases of bilateral dermoid cysts of ovary.
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and phenotypic detection of metallo-beta lactamases in K. pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Paray Ansar Ahmad , Kaur Amandeep
Published: September 2022

Background: K. pneumoniae is the most important pathogen causing community as well as nosocomial infections. The study was conducted with the aim to study antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of K. pneumoniae isolates as well as to detect MBL in carbapenem resistant isolates.Methods: The study was conducted for a period of six months from October 2021 to March 2022. All isolates of K. pneumoniae were obtained from various clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Vitek 2 Compact system. Metallo β-lactamase detection was done by imipenem-EDTA combined disk method.Results: Out of total 1336 growth positive isolates, 248 isolates were of K. pneumoniae. From total 248 isolates, 162 were obtained from male patients and 86 were obtained from female patients. Maximum number (97) of isolates was obtained from age group of 61-80 years. Maximum (30.24%) isolates of K. pneumoniae were from urine and minimum (4.43%) from body fluids. Isolates were highly resistant towards antimicrobials tested whereas moderate sensitivity was reported for ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and gentamicin. Isolates were highly sensitive to colistin followed by amikacin and tigecycline. MBL production was observed in 84.5% carbapenem resistant isolates.Conclusions: This present study highlighted that multidrug resistant strains of K. pneumoniae are common in tertiary care hospitals. Unwarranted and unrestricted usage of antimicrobials is associated with growing emergence of resistance. Therefore, regular monitoring of carbapenem resistance is important for developing strategies to control infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
An unusual case of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies associated vasculitis with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis in young? Wegener’s? Churg Strauss
Authors: Pula Lakshmi Bindumathi , Peddareddy Spandana , Dharmapalaiah Chethana , P. Vidyashankar , Rajagopal Swati , Kumar K. Sunil , M. S. Girish Anand
Published: September 2022

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies-associated vasculitis (AAV) is very rare in India. It normally affects older population around 6th and 7th decade of life. The management of cases is also complicated. We present a case of 18 year old male patient who came with complaints of epistaxis and had hematuria and pain in the joints. He had sub conjunctival haemorrhage on presentation. On and off he had respiratory symptoms and epistaxis in the past for which he was treated as allergy and bronchial asthma. At admission he had high absolute eosinophil count and had blood 3+ positive in urine. Initially he was treated as post viral vasculitis. But patient had involvement of kidney, lung, skin, joints, eyes and on further evaluation he was found to have AAV. The case was unique due to the age of presentation and patient also had overlapping symptoms of both Wegner’s granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss syndrome.
Two-Step Colouring of Grid Graphs of Different Types
Authors: Smirnov Alexander Valeryevich
Published: September 2022

In this article, we consider the NP-hard problem of the two-step colouring of a graph. It is required to colour the graph in a given number of colours in a way, when no pair of vertices has the same colour, if these vertices are at a distance of 1 or 2 between each other. The optimum two-step colouring is one that uses the minimum possible number of colours.The two-step colouring problem is studied in application to grid graphs. We consider four types of grids: triangular, square, hexagonal, and octogonal. We show that the optimum two-step colouring of hexagonal and octogonal grid graphs requires 4 colours in the general case. We formulate the polynomial algorithms for such a colouring. A square grid graph with the maximum vertex degree equal to 3 requires 4 or 5 colours for a two-step colouring. In the paper, we suggest the backtracking algorithm for this case. Also, we present the algorithm, which works in linear time relative to the number of vertices, for the two-step colouring in 7 colours of a triangular grid graph and show that this colouring is always correct. If the maximum vertex degree equals 6, the solution is optimum.
Towards Neural Routing with Verified Bounds on Performance
Authors: Buzhinsky Igor Petrovich , Shalyto Anatoly Abramovich
Published: September 2022

When data-driven algorithms, especially the ones based on deep neural networks (DNNs), replace classical ones, their superior performance often comes with difficulty in their analysis. On the way to compensate for this drawback, formal verification techniques, which can provide reliable guarantees on program behavior, were developed for DNNs. These techniques, however, usually consider DNNs alone, excluding real-world environments in which they operate, and the applicability of techniques that do account for such environments is often limited. In this work, we consider the problem of formally verifying a neural controller for the routing problem in a conveyor network. Unlike in known problem statements, our DNNs are executed in a distributed context, and the performance of the routing algorithm, which we measure as the mean delivery time, depends on multiple executions of these DNNs. Under several assumptions, we reduce the problem to a number of DNN output reachability problems, which can be solved with existing tools. Our experiments indicate that sound-and-complete formal verification in such cases is feasible, although it is notably slower than the gradient-based search of adversarial examples.The paper is structured as follows. Section 1 introduces basic concepts. Then, Section 2 introduces the routing problem and DQN-Routing, the DNN-based algorithm that solves it. Section 3 proposes the contribution of this paper: a novel sound and complete approach to formally check an upper bound on the mean delivery time of DNN-based routing. This approach is experimentally evaluated in Section 4. The paper is concluded with some discussion of the results and outline of possible future work.
Classification of Articles from Mass Media by Categories and Relevance of the Subject Area
Authors: Larionov Vladislav Dmitrievich , Paramonov Ilya Vyacheslavovich
Published: September 2022

The research is devoted to classification of news articles about P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University (YarSU) into 4 categories: “society”, “education”, “science and technologies”, “not relevant”.The proposed approaches are based on using the BERT neural network and methods of machine learning: SVM, Logistic Regression, K-Neighbors, Random Forest, in combination of different embedding types: Word2Vec, FastText, TF-IDF, GPT-3. Also approaches of text preprocessing are considered to achieve higher quality of the classification. The experiments showed that the SVM classifier with TF-IDF embedding and trained on full article texts with titles achieved the best result. Its micro-F-measure and macro-F-measure are 0.8214 and 0.8308 respectively. The BERT neural network trained on fragments of paragraphs with YarSU mentions, from which the first 128 words and the last 384 words were taken, showed comparable results. The resulting micro-F-measure and macro-F-measure are 0.8304 and 0.8181 respectively. Thus, using paragraphs with the target organisation mentions is enough to classify text by categories efficiently.
TRANSITIONS IN GLOBAL POLARITY AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA’S STRATEGY TOWARD SOUTH ASIA
Authors: Malik Ahmed Ijaz , Mirza Muhammad Nadeem , Qaisrani Irfan Hasnain
Published: September 2022

Purpose of the study: This study intends to explore the discourses on patterns of systemic polarity. The study of these discourses helps in the development of the discipline of International Relations. The study also explores the foreign policy of the United States - being the greatest power of the time and claiming to be the custodian of the prevailing international order – towards South Asia.

Methodology: This is a qualitative explanatory and exploratory study. The specific method utilized to conduct the study remains the discourse analysis.

Main Findings: The study finds that international polarity is a continuous process of transition. These are a combination of systemic and sub-systemic actors and factors that contribute to this transition.

Applications of this study: The study is useful for students and scholars of International Relations, Area Studies, Strategic Studies, and allied disciplines. It is equally useful for policy practitioners.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The discourses on patterns of international polarity have contributed to the development of International Relations as a discipline. A significant debate on the discourses of international polarity has been the pattern of post-Cold War and Post-9/11 orders. While there has been a relatively dominant claim that this era overall shows evidence of unipolarity; there is an equally influential claim that the international order appears multipolar. There is however a need to address a primary question that demands an inquiry into the type of multipolarity in the post-Cold War and post-9/11 eras as it is assumed that the dynamics of international order and great power rivalries in this era are significantly different from the earlier patterns of international multipolarity. This inquiry is informed by focusing on the policies of great powers toward south Asia and the transforming geostrategic and economic relations between significant South Asian states.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio may be used as a predictor in tendinopathy
Authors: KAYA İsmail , ÖRSÇELİK Aydan , SOLMAZ İlker , KARAASLAN Burak , YILMAZ Esra Şafak
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Tendinopathy is a very common clinical disorder and a complex inflammation and degeneration process. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been studied and accepted as biomarkers of inflammation, predictors of progression and prognosis in several studies. We aimed to show that NLR and PLR levels can help predict prognosis for tendinopathy by comparing NLR and PLR levels of patients with tendinopathy with healthy control groups.
Methods: Tendinopathy and healthy cases whose complete blood test was requested, were included in the study. Age, gender, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, NLR and PLR of these cases were examined.
Results: There is a statistically significant difference between the tendinopathy (n = 140) and control (n = 51) groups in WBC and NLR values (p < 0.001). One unit increase in WBC and NLR levels increases the risk of tendinopathy 1.74 and 10.616 times respectively. According to the results of the ROC analysis, the threshold value of the WBC and NLR values to increase the risk of tendinopathy is 6.47, and 1.64 respectively.
Conclusions: Our study suggested NLR and WBC values are significant indicators of tendinopathy. We consider these results to be a guide for all physicians, especially sports medicine physicians.
Predictors for guideline-nonadherence	with antithrombotic therapy in outpatients with	chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bücheler Reinhild , Meisner Christoph , Bösel Ruth , Fux Richard , Jägle Christine , Danielyan Lusine , Schwarz Katrin , H. Gleiter Christoph , Mörike Klaus
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Our aims were to determine the prevalence of physicians’ adherence to antithrombotic guidelines in the management of outpatients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and to identify risk factors for nonadherence to treatment guidelines.

Methods: Data on drug treatment, stroke risk factors and psychosocial variables were analyzed descriptively in a cross-sectional communitybased multicentre study. Predictors for nonadherence with guidelines for antithrombotic prophylaxis of AF patients were identified using logistic regression.

Results: Of 413 outpatients with chronic AF attending the offices of family physicians, 184 (44.6%) were treated according to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2001 guidelines. In the group of patients with a high risk of stroke (n=387), 178 patients (46.0%) received guideline-adherent treatment. 31 of the high-risk patients received coumarin although they had at least one contraindication. Multivariate analysis showed the presence of absolute contraindications to coumarins to be an independent predictor of guidelinenonadherent treatment.

Conclusion: To improve guideline-adherence in the antithrombotic treatment in AF outpatients, strategies involving individual assessment of the risks and benefits will need to be established and implemented.
Introduction	and	optimization	of the in-vitro method for	determining	the	hemocompatibility of	modified poly(ethylene)terephthalate surfaces
Authors: Stana Jan , Stropnik Domen , Strnad Simona , Indest Tea , Jevšek Marko , Košir Gorazd
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Internationally-accepted standards have been developed for a range of tests and parameters for characterising the in-vitro interactions of biomaterials with blood. However, there are, as yet, no standards concerning the size, design and type of such in-vitro testing systems (1). Since the development of hemocompatible biomaterials provides a very important challenge in material science, there is a need for further progress in finding reliable and standardized methods for hemocompatibility testing (2). The aim of this research was to introduce a method for analyzing the hemocompatibility of different chemically-modified surfaces. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with surface modifications using differentpolysaccharides and their derivatives, were chosen because of their promising biocompatible properties and numerous potential biomedical applications.Methods: A modified hemoglobin-free method was used to determine the antithrombogenicity of the modified PET surfaces (4). The method was optimized for shaking rate, the addition of buffer, and blood temperature to decrease measuring errors. Five differently-modified PET surfaces were analyzed: chemically pre-treated PET and PET treated with chitosan, fucoidan, sulphated chitosan and heparin. Glass was used as a standard thrombogenic surface.Results: The results showed that a lower shaking rate, the addition of buffer, and blood cooling prior to measurement significantly decreased the standard deviation of the measurement results by a total of about 89 %.Conclusions: We believe this optimized hemoglobinfree method is suitable for distinguishing between chemically and structurally-different surfaces, such as glass and PET. The differences between PET surfaces coated with different polysaccharides were, however, less pronounced.
Environment and pharmaceutical products case study: Biocatalysis of L-DOPA
Authors: Findrik Zvjezdana , Vasić-Rački Đurđa
Published: September 2022

Pharmaceuticals cure and treat diseases, and represent the benefit of modern society. However, their lifetime is much longer than many of us are aware. They are not fully absorbed or degraded in the body and their residues are the problem when they enter the sewage treatment systems. Drugs and their residues, in extremely low concentrations, can be detected in the environment: soil and water due to advances in analytical chemistry. Though their concentrations are low, they are a threat to the living organisms. Most of their long-term effects on living cells are unknown but many are known as negative. Not all pharmaceuticals are used; many drugs disappear and end up in the regular domestic waste, which is also a problem, because they present a hazardous waste, and should be treated as such. Dangerous waste is also emerging during the production of pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the clean chemical synthesis is one of the world’s priorities at this time. Among the methods, achieving this goal is the use of enzymes and whole cells as catalysts in chemical processes. So, if you look at the entire process of production of drugs and their consumption it can be seen that, although the benefits from the use of drugs for the human race beyond doubt, there are a lot of work to reduce their negative side-effects in the environment and living organisms. Chemists and engineers should keep in mind these ideas in the development and production of new drugs, like all of us who use drugs in our favour. This paper will describe the successful therapeutics – LDOPA - which is known as a remedy for alleviating the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, and its advantages and potential dangers. Industrial production of L-DOPA will also be discussed, as well as its impact on the environment.
Results of treatment of painful vertebral fractures by kyphoplasty or conservative symptomatic management
Authors: Strahovnik Andrej , Fokter Samo K.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This nonrandomised study analyzed the results of treatment of painful vertebral fractures in patients with primary osteoporosis with balloon kyphoplasty and compared them with conventional management (control group).

Methods: Consecutive patients were enrolled from an outpatient orthopaedic department over a four month period. Eight patients were treated with balloon kyphoplasty and eight with a symptomatic approach (analgesics, bed rest, thoracolumbosacral orthosis). Outcome measures included back pain severity measured on a visual analog scale (VAS), activity level measured on a VAS, bed rest, the SF-36 medical outcomes survey, subject satisfaction, and radiomorphology.

Results: Patients reported severe back pain interfering with daily activities before treatment. Physical functioning and quality of life were also markedly impaired. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvements in pain and functional outcomes occurred after treatment in the kyphoplasty group. Minor improvements were noted in the control group. Clinical outcomes were significantly different between the groups (P < 0.05). Kyphoplasty increased the midline vertebral height of the treated vertebral bodies, whereas in the control group vertebral height decreased.

Conclusion: A positive effect of kyphoplasty over conventional treatment was observed on vertebral morphology and patient satisfaction, pain, level of activity, and overall health perception.
1-(6-O-Acetyl-3,4-Dideoxy-3-Fluoro-β-D-Glycero-Hex-3-enopyranosyl-2- Ulose)-N4-Benzoyl Cytosine is a potent inhibitor of pseudorabies virus replication in infected cells
Authors: Tanja Botić , Manta Stella , Komiotis Dimitri , Lefevre Francois , Cencič Avrelija
Published: September 2022

Purpose: We have previously shown that newly synthesized fluoro-glucopyranosyl derivatives of ketonucleosides represent a group of antiviral drugs potent against RNA viruses. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether these compounds are equally efficient in combating DNA viruses in comparison with the commercially available drug ganciclovir.

Methods: As a study model, the pseudorabies virus (NIA3 strain) and pig kidney cells (PK-15) were used.

Results: Our results indicated that 1-(6-O-acetyl-3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-β-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosyl-2-ulose)-N4-benzoyl cytosine (compound 2) is a potent inhibitor of pseudorabies replication, with higher antiviral activity than was found for ganciclovir.

Conclusion: Compound 2 has strong antiviral activity against the DNA virus pseudorabies.
Cardiotoxicity and multiorgan system failure caused by valproate poisoning
Authors: Letonja Mitja , Petrovič Danijel
Published: September 2022

We report the case of severe valproate intoxication presenting as multiorgan failure. This is the first report to describe severe cardiac involvement, in which a 19-year-old woman developed atrial fibrillation, diffuse T wave inversion and QTc interval prolongation with elevated specific biochemical markers of myocardial damage. After 7 days of treatment, including supportive care, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, mannitol and hemodialysis, the patient recovered completely. After the poisoning there were no pathological echocardiographic changes and one month after discharge exercise stress testing did not provoke ischemia or arrhythmias.
Inflammatory pseudotumor simulating malignancy: a rare complication after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Repše-Fokter Alenka , Fokter Samo Karl
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Particulate debris created by accelerated polyethylene wear in totally replaced hips causes adverse local reactions. We report an extreme form of such a reaction in a patient who developed progressive thigh pain, weakness and numbness after total arthroplasty of his left hip.

Methods: An abdominopelvic computed tomogram showed a large intrapelvic cystic mass interpreted as a malignant tumor. Dark grayish-green fluid was aspirated from the cyst and cytopathologic examination showed necrotic debris without malignant cells. Biopsy revealed necrosis and abundant foreign body granulation tissue with polarizable debris.

Results: During surgical removal of the cyst a defect of the inner acetabular wall was noted. After successful revision arthroplasty with allograft bone the clinical symptoms improved.

Conclusion: A foreign-body reaction to wear debris may produce an intrapelvic mass and corresponding symptoms. Cytologic and histologic examination of the mass or fluid may aid in interpreting the clinical picture and imaging studies.
Non-invasive bladder cancer detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization on urine samples
Authors: Kokalj-Vokač Nadja , Hajdinjak Tine , Zagorac Andreja , Erjavec-Škerget Alenka , Kavalar Rajko
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the UroVysion FISH test for detecting transitional cell bladder cancer on a mixed sample of urological patients.

Methods: Urine samples were collected from patients before cystoscopy. In the case of tumor identification, transurethral resection and histological verification were performed. The fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), using a commercial kit (UroVysion) containing hybridization probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21, was used. At least 25 morphologically abnormal cells or all cells present on the slides were analyzed.

Results: Of 179 samples, 1 was infected and in 35 (20%), no cells were identified. Test sensitivity was 76.2% (95% CI 52.8–91.8) and specificity 93.6% (95% CI 88.6–96.9); as compared to the data in the literature, this result was considered significant. Most tumors had numerical chromosome aberrations. The prevalence of histologically, which verified tumors, was 11.8%.

Conclusion: Price and time–consuming procedures are major obstacles for use of the UroVysion FISH test. However, neither cytology nor UroVysion FISH are 100% specific. Higher sensitivity compared to cytology, which is evident not only in case of superficial, but also of invasive tumors (like T1) and its ability to provide numerical results, are advantages which may make UroVysion FISH test useful. Thus, this test has potential for future use. cells were identified. Test sensitivity was 76.2% (95% CI 52.8–91.8) and specificity
The role of emergency endoscopy in upper git foreign body extraction
Authors: Skok Pavel , Ocepek Andreja , Ćeranić Davorin
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) rarely cause urgent problems in gastroenterology. The purpose of the study was to assess the percentage of patients in whom urgent endoscopic investigation revealed true foreign bodies in the upper GIT and to evaluate the success of emergency endoscopic procedures. Methods: The study includes patients in whom urgent endoscopic investigations of the upper GIT were performed in the period 1 January 1994 to 1 May 2008. Results: 8552 patients were investigated, average age 60.6 years (SD±17.1 years, range 1–106 years), with 3276 (38 %) females and 5276 males (62 %). In 69 patients (0.8 %), “true” foreign bodies were detected in the esophagus or stomach. In these patients a total of 90 endoscopic investigations were performed: in 65/69 patients (94.2%) the foreign bodies were removed endoscopically; in 4 (5.8 %) cases the endoscopic procedures were unsuccessful. Among the foreign bodies removed were a variety metal or plastic objects, such as coins, keys, screws, hooks, batteries, razor blades, needles, lighters, buttons, and parts of kitchen, toilet or writing utensils. In patients with successful endoscopic removal of the objects, no significant complications were noted. In 4 patients (4/69, 5.8 %) mild hemorrhages from the region of the esophagogastric junction were observed. Conclusion: Endoscopic technologies allow successful removal of a variety of types of foreign bodies from the upper GIT.
Integration of Bilateral Coordination in Children’s Motor Learning Process
Authors: Ljubičić Sanja , Antekolović Ljubomir , Petrić Vilko
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research was to establish the differences in the bilateral and unilateral exercising effects on high jump performance using the scissors technique, with take-off from the dominant leg. As many as 74 participants aged 7 to 12, who were randomly chosen and divided into two experimental groups, took part in the study. The experimental groups had training twice a week for twelve weeks. Measurements were conducted at three points in time, and the results showed that the bilateral training intervention produced symmetrical effects equal to those from unilateral interventions of exclusively the dominant leg, which finding is extremely important for symmetrical muscular and locomotor development, as well as for a practical approach to children.
The Role of Songbooks in the Preservation of Children’s Folk Songs in Kindergarten
Authors: Mihelač Lorena
Published: September 2022

The paper presents an analysis of songbooks used in kindergarten. It outlines the need for renewal of the existing kindergarten curriculum from the perspective of preserving the Slovenian music tradition, and within this context, the indispensable role of children’s folk songs in the preservation of Slovenian folk music. Furthermore, it tackles the following three issues: (i) the disproportionate representation of children’s folk songs and author songs in songbooks; (ii) the information provided about children’s folk songs in songbooks, and (iii) the representation of children’s folk songs in kindergarten.