bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS JALUR FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI RISIKO TERKENA PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS
Authors: TEO DOMINGGAS , SUKARSA I KOMANG GDE , SRINADI I GUSTI AYU MADE , KENCANA I PUTU EKA NILA
Published: February 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a non-contagious disease that causes the increas of death rates in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the causality between Age, Occupation, Cholesterol effects of Age, Occupation, Cholesterol Levels, and Blood Pressure Risk of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The population in this study were all patients at the Beru Public Health Center, with a sample of 200 patients. The analytical method used in this research is Path Analysis with the help of directly or indirectly. The results showed that age and blood pressure had a direct positive effect on cholesterol levels and blood pressure, and age, cholesterol levels and blood pressure also directly affected the risk of developing DM. Age and occupation also affect the risk of developing DM indirectly.
CURVE ESTIMATION AND ESTIMATOR PROPERTIES OF THE NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION TRUNCATED SPLINE WITH A MATRIX APPROACH
Authors: FITRIYANI NURUL , BUDIANTARA I NYOMAN
Published: February 2022

Regression analysis is one of the statistical analyses used to estimate the relationship between the predictor and the response variable. Data are given in pairs, and the relationship between the predictor and the response variable was assumed to follow a nonparametric regression model. This model is flexible in estimating the curve when a typical data pattern does not follow a specific pattern. The nonparametric regression curve was approached by using the truncated spline function with several knots. The truncated spline estimator in nonparametric regression is linear in the observation. It is highly dependent on the knot points. The regression model's random error is assumed to have an independent normal distribution with zero mean and equal variance. The truncated spline's curve estimate was obtained by minimizing the error model through the least squared optimization method. The nonparametric regression truncated spline's estimator properties are linear, unbiased, and if the error is normally distributed, the estimator is normally distributed.
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS SOLUTION FOR THREE-POINT HADAMARD-TYPE FRACTIONAL VOLTERRA BVP
Authors: ISHAK FARAJ YACOOB
Published: February 2022

In this paper we study the existence and uniqueness solution for a first kind fractional Volterra boundary value problem involving Hadamard type and three-point boundary conditions. Our analysis is based on Krasnoselskii-Zabreiko’s fixed point theorem and Banach contraction principle. As an application we discuss a Hadamard type boundary value problem with fractional integral boundary conditions. We emphasize that our results are new in the context of Hadamard fractional calculus and are well illustrated with the aid of examples.
The concept of decentralized finance (DeFi) as a current trend in the field of open decentralized protocols
Authors: UMAROV Hasan S. , UMAROV Husan S. , UMAROV Tokhir S.
Published: March 2022

Subject. This article discusses the concept of decentralized finance (DeFi), an alternative to the traditional financial infrastructure and built on the Ethereum platform. Objectives. The article aims to consider the features and problematic aspects of decentralized finance (services, applications, protocols, smart contracts, token standards), develop a predictive scenario for the development of DeFi in the world, and prove the prospects for the implementation of a decentralized finance infrastructure. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of observation, systematization, data classification, and generalization. Results. The article describes the advantages and potential risks of implementing a decentralized finance infrastructure and focuses on the prospects of DeFi in the context of the development of the global world economy. Conclusions. The article emphasizes the need to promptly solve urgent problems for the practical implementation of DeFi, including ensuring the proper level of operational security.
Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Yeniden Gözden Geçirilmesi: Fourier Yaklaşımı
Authors: NAIMOGLU Mustafa , ÖZBEK Sefa
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 1960-2019 dönemi için savunma harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak değişkenlerin durağanlığı Fourier Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (FKPSS) ve Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) durağanlık testleriyle araştırılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisinin varlığı ise Fourier SHIN ve SHIN eşbütünleşme testleri ile sınanmıştır. Bulgular, Türkiye’de savunma harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ilgili dönemde eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığını ortaya koymuştur. Eşbütünleşme katsayı tahmini ise Tamamen Geliştirilmiş En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi ve Dinamik Sıradan En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi tahmincileriyle test edilmiştir. İlgili testler aracılığıyla hem kısa hem de uzun dönem de savunma harcamalarında meydana gelen artışın ekonomik büyümeyi artırdığı elde edilmiştir.
Core Configuration Effect On The Flexural Behaviour Of Sandwich Panel Made Of Aluminium Skin And Sengon Wood Core
Authors: Fajrin Jauhar , Kencanawati Ni Nyoman , Eniarti Miko , Arismanto Arismanto
Published: February 2022

Among the many choices of composite sandwich panel cores, Balsa wood is one of the main alternatives of cores made of wood. However, the availability and price of Balsa wood are quite expensive, so it needs alternatives from other types of wood such as Sengon wood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Sengon wood as a core of composite sandwich panels. Three variations of the Sengon wood layout had been prepared as the core of the sandwich panels with a skin made of aluminum. All specimens, including the control specimens made of whole Sengon wood, were prepared with a size of 550 x 50 x 24 mm for length, width, and depth, respectively. Each variation and also the control specimens were made of 3 pieces. Tests were carried out based on the ASTM C 393-94 standard under the three-point bending test scheme. The results showed that the sandwich panel with plain Sengon wood core has the highest capacity to carry a flexural load, which is approximately 177.391 MPa, followed by a sandwich panel with long and end grain Sengon board that possess flexural strength of 153.913 MPa and 79.101 MPa, respectively. The flexural strength of these sandwich panels is superior to solid Sengon wood. The sandwich panels showed a typical ductile material indicated by a non-linear curve without a distinct yielded point before reach the maximum failure load. Three sandwich panels with various Sengon wood cores collapsed under three types of failure mechanisms; face wrinkling, shearing of the core, and delamination between the interface of skin and core. In conclusion, Sengon wood has a great potential to be used as the core material for a composite sandwich panel.
Evaluasi Geometrik Median Dan Kinerja Bukaan Median Pada Jalan Bypass Kota Padang
Authors: Kurniati Titi , Gunawan Hendra , Saputra Alfi
Published: February 2022

Jalan Padang By Pass menghubungkan dua gerbang utama Provinsi Sumatra Barat, yaitu Bandar Udara Internasional Minangkabau dan Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur. Sejak tahun 2018, tipe jalan ini menjadi empat lajur dua arah terbagi. Fasilitas pelengkap pada jalan terbagi adalah median dan bukaan median. Penempatan dan jarak antar bukaan median pada jalan Padang ByPass terindikasi tidak memenuhi persyaratan teknik sehingga dapat membahayakan pengguna jalan. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi geometrik dan kinerja.  Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui survei lapangan, yaitu pengukuran geometrik median dan bukaan median serta perekaman data volume dan waktu tunggu kendaraan melakukan putar balik di bukaan median. Perekaman data volume lalu lintas dan waktu putar balik dengan perekaman video dilakukan untuk jam sibuk pagi (06.00-08.00), jam sibuk siang (12.00-14.00) dan jam sibuk sore (16.00-18.00) WIB. Pembacaan data dari video menggunakan aplikasi  FILMORA9. Hasil survei geometrik ditampilkan secara deskriptif dan dievaluasi dengan membandingkan kondisi geometrik standar yang ditetapkan dalam  SNI 2444/2008.  Evaluasi kinerja bukaan median didasarkan pada waktu  tunggu mengikuti Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia nomor 96 tahun 2015.  Hasil evaluasi geometrik median jalan By Pass disimpulkan sesuai standar SNI 2444/2018. Ukuran panjang bukaan median dalam wilayah studi tidak memenuhi SNI 2444/2018 yaitu 12 meter. Panjang bukaan median eksisting di lapangan adalah 5-11 m. Jarak antar  median pada sta 7+682, 8+041, 8+251, 8+602 yaitu 255, m, 335,1 m, 199,1 m, 125,5 m. Kondisi ini tidak memenuhi standar SNI 2444/2018 karena kurang dari 500 m.  Tiga bukaan median lainnya memenuhi syarat dengan jarak 565,4 m, 625 m, dan 841 m.   Tingkat pelayanan C terjadi pada bukaan median sta 7+682 dan sta 8+602, sedangkan lima stationing lainnya  dengan tingkat pelayanan B. Pada sta 7+682 tingginya volume kendaraan yang putar balik dengan panjang bukaan median 8,5 m terjadi waktu tunggu di antrian 16 detik/kendaraaan. Pada sta 8+602 panjang bukaan median hanya 5 m, cukup sulit bagi kendaraan ringan untuk melakukan manuver putar balik pada lokasi tersebut. Waktu tunggu di antrian 23 detik/kendraan dan panjang antrian 1081 m. Tingkat pelayanan C harus ditingkatkan menjadi B sesuai PerMenHub RI no.96/2015, yaitu dengan dengan menambah panjang bukaan median pada stasioning tersebut dan jika tidak memungkinkan bukaan median sebaiknya ditutup.
Pengaruh Ekstraksi Kadar Aspal Dengan Larutan Pertamax Dan Pertalite
Authors: Sastri Frastian , Oktaviani Oktaviani
Published: February 2022

Pembangunan jalan di Kota Padang pada umumnya menggunakan konstruksi perkerasan lentur karena nilai kelenturannya dapat menyebabkan kendaraan yang melintas di atasnya terasa nyaman. Perkerasan lentur adalah perkerasan yang menggunakan campuran aspal pada lapis permukaan dan bahan berbutir pada lapisan bawah. Pada perkerasan jalan telah ditentukan bahwa batas toleransi kadar aspal adalah ±0,3%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ekstraksi kadar aspal dengan menggunakan larutan pertalite dan pertamax, perbedaan antara kedua larutan serta mengetahui pengaruh nilai oktan terhadap ekstraksi kadar aspal. Dalam penelitian menggunakan metode sentrifugal yang digunakan untuk analisis ekstraksi kadar aspal. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh nilai rata-rata perbandingan ekstraksi kadar aspal antara larutan pertamax dan pertalite sebagai berikut: Kadar Aspal Pertamax(rata-rata) > Kadar Aspal Pertalite(rata-rata) dengan nilai 6,1% > 5,7%. Dimana nilai deviasi pertamax terhadap kadar aspal rencana sebesar 0,2% dan memenuhi batas toleransi spesifikasi Bina Marga serta pertalite sebesar 0,6% dan tidak memenuhi batas toleransi spesifikasi Bina Marga. Hasil analisis saringan setelah ekstraksi rata-rata sampel dinyatakan bahwa sampel aspal yang digunakan termasuk agregat halus dan nilai gradasi agregat yang diperoleh tidak memenuhi spesifikasi Bina Marga. Pada penelitian diperoleh rata-rata total penggunaan larutan pertamax dan pertalite sebesar 3,3 liter dengan rata-rata waktu pada larutan pertamax 41,7 menit dan larutan pertalite 48 menit. Perolehan hasil ekstraksi kadar aspal diperoleh bahwa larutan pertamax lebih akurat mendekati persyaratan batas toleransi kadar aspal yaitu ±0,3%.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Semen dan Fly Ash Terhadap Nilai CBR Tanah Lempung Muara Fajar
Authors: Nugroho Soewignjo Agus , Satibi Syawal , Raflyatullah Raflyatullah
Published: February 2022

Tanah merupakan bagian terpenting dari struktur bawah bangunan maupun perkerasan jalan. Tanah berfungsi memikul beban struktur atas, baik itu berupa beban statis maupun dinamis. Pembangunan jalan bebas hambatan (tol) khususnya di Riau, sebagian besar trace jalan melewati daerah dengan deposit tanah lempung lunak. Masalah pokok pada tanah lempung ialah kembang susut yang besar serta daya dukung yang rendah. Stabilisasi kimiawi dengan bahan tambah (additive) diperlukan untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat tanah tersebut agar bisa digunakan sebagai lapis fondasi atau tanah dasar pada perkerasan jalan. Pencampuran semen dan abu terbang, sebagai additive, merupakan upaya perbaikan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemakaian campuran abu terbang dan semen pada lempung Muara Fajar. Muara Fajar merupakan Desa di Kecamatan Rumbai, Kota Pekanbaru yang deposit tanah berupa lempung plastisitas tinggi, satu daerah yang akan dilewati jalan tol. Penelitian meliputi perubahan plastisitas karena penambahan additive, perubahan kadar air dan berat volume serta perubahan nilai CBR. Pengujian CBR difokuskan pada kondisi pemeraman 7 hari dan perendaman 4 hari, sesuai standar. Kadar semen dipilih 3% dan 5% dengan masing-masing dicampur dengan abu terbang sebesar 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, penambahan additive menurunkan sifat kembang susut. Perubahan kadar air dan berat volume mulai dari pencampuran sampai dengan perendaman tidak melebihi 20%. penambahan additive meningkatkan kepadatan tanah. Nilai CBR pada kandungan 3% semen tidak bisa digunakan sebagai material tanah dasar. Nilai CBR, untuk kadar semen 5%, dengan pemeraman 7 hari dan rendaman 4 hari, dengan kadar abu terbang 5%, 10%, dan 15% berturut-turut sebesar 29,33%; 31,47%; dan 35,23%. Penambahan 5% semen dan 5% pada tanah memenuhi syarat sebagai sub-base dan sub-grade jalan.
Analisis Kualitas Air Tanah di Sekitar TPA Bagendung, Cilegon
Authors: Agustina Tri Fatma , Hendrawan Diana Invindianty , Purwaningrum Pramiati
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the quality of groundwater content at the residents around the Bagendung landfill including physical, chemical and biological qualities. Data analyzed using the Pollutant Index Method on groundwater to determine the quality of well water with the distribution of pollutants in residential areas around the Bagendung landfill and also determine the quality of ground water. This study focused on several aspects, such as physical quality of water, the distance of well water from pollutants, the physical condition of the well, drainage, and analysis of the physical condition of the latrine. BOD ranges from 3-6 mg/L while the class 1 quality standard is 2 mg/L. The results of heavy metal measurements, Fe and Mn at the TPA Bagendung are still below the quality standard. The content of e. coli in the resident’s well at point 4 in December 2019 was 230 MPN/100 ml, which seems to have exceeded the quality standard. Sampling in January 2020, all resident wells were contaminated with e. coli where the content of e. coli ranged from 1300 MPN/100 ml-2800 MPN/100 ml while the quality standar of e. coli was 100 MPN/100 ml. The water quality status of well range from 4.30-6.07 (light-moderate pollution). The pollutant distribution pattern of the leachate landfill is seen from the parameters BOD5, Fe, Mn, nitrite and fecal coliform influenced by elevation, slope and contour. The distribution of pollutants leads from TPA Bagendung to the northwest. The public perception states that well water were smells and tastes.
Penetapan Status Mutu Air Situ Jatijajar dan Situ Gadog Kota Depok, Jawa Barat Menggunakan Indeks Pencemar
Authors: Permana Denis Ergi Septyan , Hendrawan Diana Irvindiaty , Fachrul Melati Ferianita
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the potential activities that cause pollution in Situ Jatijajar and Situ Gadog, analyze the water quality and the status of water quality Situ Jatijajar and Situ Gadog. This study uses secondary data on water quality from Situ Jatijajar and Situ Gadog in Depok City, West Java year 2017-2019 from the Environment and Sanitation Office of Depok City. 10 parameters were analysis, pH, COD, BOD, DO, Phosphate, Nitrate, Fecal Coliform, Total Coliform, fatty oil, and detergent. Situ Jatijajar water quality in 2017-2019, pH ranges from 7.16, -7.33, BOD 7.33-9.43 mg/L, COD 15.4-21.1 mg/L, DO 2.44-5.25 mg/L, Phosphate 0.18-0.0043 mg/L, Nitrate 3.02-0.37 mg/L, Fecal Coliform 1600-9200 MPN/100 mL, Total Coliform 160.000-35.000 MPN/100 mL, Fatty Oil 200-300 mg/L and Detergent 45.4-20.7 mg/L. The results of measuring the quality of Situ Gadog water in 2017-2019 for pH parameters 9.55-7.24, BOD 4.29-5.36 mg/L, COD 10.3-12.41 mg/L, DO 3.50 -4.55 mg/L, Phosphate 0.064-0.0055 mg/L, Nitrate 2.76-0.37 mg/L, Fecal Coliform 2200-2400 MPN/100 mL, Total Coliform 2,080-5,400 MPN/100 mL, Fatty Oil 100-400 mg/L and Detergent 35.7-44 mg/L. The water quality status of Situ Jatijajar in 2017 was 6.197, in 2018 was 3.290 and 2019 was 4.312. The water quality status of Situ Gadog in 2017 was 2.618, in 2018 was 1.646 and 2019 was 2.161. The water quality status of Situ Jatijajar and Situ Gadof is classified as lightly polluted.
Perencanaan Teknis Operasional Pengelolaan Sampah Di Permukiman Padat Penduduk (Kelurahan Kota Bambu Selatan)
Authors: Ervani Mayang Nuur , Indrawati Dwi , Purwaningrum Pramiati
Published: February 2022

In 2019 the West Jakarta Administrative City was recorded to be able to produce 700 tons of waste per day. The existence of a high level of population density causes problems in waste management operations to also increase. Especially in the procurement of land, facilities and infrastructure for waste management. The purpose of this planning is to plan an effective and efficient waste management system through the 3R concept (Reuse, Reduce, Recyle) in densely populated residential areas. The method used is based on SNI 19-3964-1994 concerning Methods for Taking and Measuring Samples of Generation and Composition of Municipal Waste. Waste management planning which includes packaging, collection, removal, processing, and final transportation will be planned for 20 years (2020-2040) through three stages of planning. Based on the sampling results, the amount of waste generated in Kelurahan Kota Bambu Selatan was 152 liters/day with a waste generation rate of 1.5 liters / person / day. The composition of the waste consists of 64.97% organic and 35.03% non organic. The planned waste reduction potential is 70% with a target of 30% of the amount of waste entering the TPST. The main components in 3R-based planning are reducing waste at the source and increasing the potential for waste reduction through waste banks and 3R TPS.
KARAKTERISTIK AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI TEMPE (STUDI KASUS: INDUSTRI TEMPE SEMANAN, JAKARTA BARAT)
Authors: Pakpahan Matius R R Batistuta , Ruhiyat Ratnaningsih , Hendrawan Diana Irvindiaty
Published: February 2022

Tempe is one of the traditional Indonesian foods that have liked by people for a long time. In the tempe processing process, besides soybeans, water is also one of the raw materials that has an important role because water is used in almost every production process: Boiling, Soaking, Washing, and Fermenting. To process 1 kg of soybeans into tempe requires 24.28 liters of water where the boiling process requires 7.02 liters of water, 4.36 liters of soaking, 7.64 liters of washing, and fermentation requires 5.26 liters of water. Tempe production also produces waste water that is bad for the environment where in all the water used in the production process is directly disposed of without being processed first. The quality standard for tempe processed waste is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014 with 3 main parameters, namely BOD with levels of 150 mg/l, COD 300 mg/l, TSS 100 mg/l. Wastewater produced by tempe production contains BOD 4146.50 mg/l, COD 32297.71 mg/l, and TSS 0.75 mg/l. The wastewater produced by tempe production exceeds the government quality standard, but in the production of tempe, the waste water is not treated but is discharged into water bodies.
Civil-political activity of youth: general characteristics and peculiarities of its manifestation in the Internet environment
Authors: Fakhretdinova Aleksandra Pavlovna , Larionova Anastasiya Vyacheslavovna , Gorchakova Olesya Yur'evna
Published: February 2022

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of civil-political activity of youth. The relevance is substantiated by instability of meaning-forming ideals, loss of identity (including civil) by young people, change of values in public and individual consciousness in the conditions of social transformation and sociopolitical contradictions. Emphasis is places on people’s interaction with the dynamic and rapidly changing world in the era of digitalization, globalization, and sociopolitical instability, which entails the emergence of destructive manifestations in various forms of civil-political activity. The goal lies in determination of the peculiarities of civil-political activity and examination of the motives and methods of engaging youth in offline and online practices of civil-political activity. The empirical base of this research involves 639 university students in the city of Tomsk. The acquired result elucidate a range of important issues regarding the desire of young people to be engaged in political life of the country and show interest in political events. The article outlines the main forms of civil-political activity, most common of which are voting in elections, participation in online petitions and online protests. The article considers the most effective practices of online civil-political activity from the perspective of youth: creation of content on political topic, involvement of young influencers to political issues, inclusion of youth in solution of socially and politically important issues of society and rewarding them for being active, establishment of independent youth communities for free communication on political topics, etc.
Mesothelioma
Authors: Rao Nagarjun , Wei Shuanzeng
Published: March 2022

Mesothelioma arises from the surface serosal cells lining the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities. It has three variants including: epithelioid, sarcomatous/desmoplastic, and biphasic types. Mesothelioma cells, predominantly of the epithelioid type, can shed into effusions as sheets, clusters/ morulae, papillae, or single cells. The challenges to cytologic diagnosis of mesothelioma are two-fold: 1. distinguishing mesothelial cells from metastatic malignant (most commonly carcinoma) cells; 2. distinguishing reactive mesothelial from mesothelioma cells. Immunocytochemistry is a helpful aid to cytologic evaluation for the former. The distinction of reactive mesothelial cells from mesothelioma can be more difficult, as there is considerable overlap in their appearances in effusion specimens. Recently developed ancillary molecular and genetic tests are proving to be useful in confirming the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in cytology specimens.
Students’ Learning Engagement in an Online Academic Listening and Speaking Class
Authors: Novita Vindi , Abdullah Fuad , Rosmala Dewi , Silvani Dea , Hidayati Arini Nurul
Published: February 2022

The sudden shift of learning from traditional to online learning is worth noting once again. Students' learning engagement has always been a complicated thing to research but is worth mentioning and important for the educational department, especially in EFL countries. Students' learning engagement in online learning itself is an indicator in which students have in learning to achieve their goals. Empirically, there have been various studies of learning English listening and speaking and/or student engagement, however inadequate investigative attempts have concentrated on student engagement in academic listening and speaking skills, notably in the Indonesian higher education context and also in online learning. For this reason, the current study strives to delineate how students engage in the online learning of the Academic Listening and Speaking course. Besides, it also focuses on the factors affecting students' engagement in such an online course. With using thematic analysis, this qualitative study concluded that the students do engage in this online course as (1) cognitively engaged by understanding teaching materials and activities in the online ALS course, (2) emotionally engaged by enjoying classroom learning activities, and (3) behaviourally engaged by participating in a discussion, developing problem-solving skills, and applying online learning norms in the classroom. In addition, there are factors affecting students' engagement, including (1) social engagement of student and teacher rapport, (2) collaborative engagement of peer support, and (3) learning passions for Academic Listening and Speaking course.
Exploring University Students’ Willingness to Communicate and Unwillingness to Communicate in EFL
Authors: Ilyas Fitri Susanti
Published: February 2022

This research investigates the contributive factors influencing students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) dan unwillingness to communicate (Un-WTC) in English as a foreign language in higher education in Indonesia. 10 first-year students which came from several non-English departments participated in the study and they represented the WTC and Un-WTC groups. Semi-structured observations and interviews were used to collect the data. The result reveals that there were two main factors contributing to their WTC and Un-WTC, namely individual dan external factors. The ideal L2 self, confidence, anxiety, and perceived communicative competence are among the individual factors, while teacher’s personality, types of activities and topics, classroom atmosphere subsumes to the external factors. These factors are interconnected and affect students’ WTC and Un-WTC in the classroom.
A Study of Perception of the Importance of English Language Skills among Indonesian Hotel Employees
Authors: Prima Stefanus
Published: February 2022

Conducting classes for English as a Specific Purpose such as in hospitality and tourism requires thorough needs analysis that serves the needs all stakeholders. However, most studies investigate the perceptions of students of hospitality or tourism major, while the perceptions of hotel employees are rarely investigated. This study is aimed at investigating Indonesian hotel employees (n = 77) perceptions towards various aspects of English skills. No statistical differences were found on the 15-item questionnaire responses based on gender, current job level, hotel stars, and current job departments. However, the results showed that listening and speaking skills are perceived as the most important, while spoken grammar is considered as the least important.
Students’ Perceptions of Learning Platform: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Quipper School
Authors: Diva Izen , Etfita Fauzul , Wahyuni Sri
Published: February 2022

Quipper School is an online learning platform which consists of two portals, namely Learn for students and Link for teachers This research aimed to investigates the students‟ perception on the advantages and disadvantages of Quipper School platform in learning English. This research was conducted at SMAN 3 Mandau, and the sample was 52 students of the eleventh grade. This research used quantitative research, and the instrument is questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions, divided into 10 questions of the advantages and 10 questions of the disadvantages. The results of this study were processed quantitatively using the Likert scale formula. The finding revealed the index advantages of 1st statement to the 10th statement were about between 60%-75%. The result indicates that students completely agree with the 10 questions of the advantages of Quipper School‟s. Equally important, the researcher also found that the students were dominant disagree with the 9 questions and were agree of 1 question of disadvantages of Quipper School‟s with the index 52%-61%. In conclusion, the students of SMAN 3 Mandau dominant disagree with the disadvantages of Quipper School and they assumed that Quipper School is an online learning platform that suitable for teachers and students in the learning process, especially in learning English.
Miniaturization of Chemical Analysis Systems – A Look into Next Century's Technology or Just a Fashionable Craze?
Authors: Manz Andreas , Harrison D. Jed , Verpoorte Elisabeth M. J. , Fettinger James C. , Lüdi Hans , Widmer H. Michael
Published: February 2022

Miniaturization of already existing techniques in on-line analytical chemistry is an alternative to compound-selective chemical sensors. Theory points in the direction of higher efficiency, faster analysis time, and lower reagent consumption. Micromachining, a well known photolithographic
technique for structures in the micrometer range, is introduced and documented with structures as examples for flow injection analysis, electrophoresis, and a detector cell.
LC for Sample Preparation in Coupled LC-GC: A Review
Authors: Grob Konrad
Published: February 2022

In chromatographic trace analysis, most of the working time is spent in preparing the sample; the methods involved are largely inefficient, often rather primitive. (HP)LC could replace a good part of this pre-separation, clean-up or sample enrichment work. It offers high separation
efficiency, a wide range of selectivities, and accurate control through on-line detection. LC work is reviewed that is related to on-line LC-GC, showing the wealth of possibilities available for LC sample preparation. The present problems are discussed, hoping to motivate colleagues getting
involved in the development of advanced sample preparation techniques.
Peptides - From Research Tools to 'Soft' Drugs?
Authors: Eberle Alex N.
Published: February 2022

Over the last 30 years, regulatory peptides have played an ever increasing role as research tools but as therapeutics they have been applied in only a very limited number of indications. The recent call by the public for 'soft' pharmaceuticals and 'soft' chemistry, the increasing knowledge
on peptide receptors and intracellular signalling, the design of more potent and specific peptide ligands as well as the availability of sufficient quantities of large peptides by genetic engineering may be the starting point for a new era of peptides as 'natural' therapeutic agents in human
and animal medicine. In the first part, this review focusses on new achievements in peptide chemistry as well as on the role of peptides as research tools, i.e. their pleiotropic nature and their mechanisms of action. The second part summarizes new concepts for the application of peptides
in medical diagnosis and therapy.
Development of Modern Plant Protection Products: Why and How
Authors: Bellus Daniel
Published: February 2022

The future success of plant protection business depends to a great extent on the acceptance of the new generation of plant protection agents by both the market and the public. Accordingly, the complex development process in Ciba-Geigy fully reflects the requirements of Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) and the principle of maximal carefulness for farmers (users), consumers, and the environment. Some basic facts on the necessity of plant protection measures, on IPM, biological and chemical pest control, possible contributions of biotechnology, the position of Ciba-Geigy
in plant protection, and stages of the development of a new plant protection product from the discovery up to a successful market introduction are briefly presented and commented on.
Chemo- and Regioselectivity in the Reaction of Tetrachloro- and Tetrabromophthalic Anhydrides and Imides with Thiolates
Authors: Fischer Walter , Winkler Tammo
Published: February 2022

The reaction of tetrachloro- and tetrabromophthalic anhydrides and -imides with in situ generated aryl and alkyl thiolates gives mono- to tetrathio-substituted derivatives depending on reagent, stoichiometry, and reaction conditions. The halogens non-vicinal to the carbonyl groups
react regio- and chemoselectively under appropriate conditions. By this reaction, novel types of photosensitizers useful to photocross-link polymers are prepared.
The Opening of the Cyclohexane Ring of Pinanones Using Baeyer-Villiger Conditions
Authors: Thomas Alan F. , Rey Florence
Published: February 2022

Reaction of nopinone (1) with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid in CHCl3 leads, in a very slow reaction, to the two lactones 2 and 3 in the ratio 9:1. Methylnopinone (4) under the same conditions gives the homologous lactones 6 and 7, but in
the reverse ratio, together with minor amounts of the stereoisomers 8 and 9 arising from the presence of a small amount of the trans-isomer in the starting material. For the successful isolation of some of these lactones, it is essential to remove all traces of EtOH from
the solvent CHCl3.
The Photochemistry of N-Iminopyridinium Ylides in Retrospect. From a Simple Concept to Some Applications
Authors: Streith Jacques
Published: February 2022

Azomethine-imines are well known to undergo ground-state 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with olefins or acetylenes, leading thereby to five-membered heterocyclic systems. When excited by UV light, some of these 1,3-dipolar azomethine-imines lead to the isomeric three-membered diaziridines
via disrotatory electrocyclisation. The following review article shows that many N-iminopyridinium ylides – which are aromatic analogues of azomethine-imines – also lead to electrocyclisation from their photo-excited electronic (singlet) state to give the expected
non-aromatic and boat-shaped 1H-1,2-diazepine isomers. Diazanorcaradienes – i.e. bicyclic diaziridines – are the postulated intermediates for these photoinduced ring-expansion processes.Ylides Y (Scheme 3) being mesoionic compounds have a large dipole
moment; as a consequence, they are hydrophilic/lipophobic species, whereas diazepines D are poorly polar and, therefore, lipophilic/hydrophobic molecules. This very pronounced change of polarity triggered off the synthesis of some novel negative photoresists which are based on the photoisomerisation
of water-soluble polymeric pyridinium ylides to the corresponding hydrophobic polymeric diazepines.Thermal activation of diazepines D led to ring contraction back to the corresponding ylides Y – obviously via norcaradiene intermediates N – and permitted
to establish the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for this process. Diazepines D are higher-energy (by ca. 85 kJ/mol) isomers of ylides Y. They react smoothly and chemospecifically as dipolarophiles with diazoisopropane to give pyrazoline cycloadducts. From these latter
ones, novel small-ring compounds could be prepared, e.g. homodiazepines (cyclopropane derivatives), their tricyclic staircase-like isomers (fused cyclopropane/cyclobutane derivatives) as well as the first example of a cyclopropapyridine (a cyclopropene derivative).
Radical Cyclization vs. Elimination in the Vitamin-B₁₂-Catalyzed Reduction of Unsaturated Bromo Acetals and Bromo Orthoesters
Authors: Yamamoto Kazumasa , Abrecht Stefan , Scheffold Rolf
Published: February 2022

Reduction of the 2-bromoacetaldehyde acetals of cinnamyl alcohol or propargyl alcohol with Zn/NH4 in presence of catalytic amounts of B12 in DMF affords oxolanes by free radical 5-exo-cyclization and the corresponding alcohols by reductive elimination. 2-(Bromoethyl) dimethyl orthopropiolate mainly decomposes by reductive elimination and by hydrogenolysis of the bromide.
Stress Load, Stress Coping and Activity of HPA Axis in Adolescents with Major Depression
Authors:   University of Trier, Germany, Laessle Reinhold , Schmidt Ulrike ,   University of Trier, Germany
Published: February 2022

Based on former empirical studies and theoretical considerations the present study investigated differences in stress load and stress coping between adolescent girls with major depression and controls. In addition, a biological indicator of chronic stress (the cortisol awakening response) was measured. 148 girls with a mean age of 15 years were studied. 74 fulfilled DSM IV criteria for major depression. Stress symptoms and stress coping was measured with SSKJ 3-8 and SVFKJ which are validated German questionnaires. Depressed girls reported a significantly higher stress load and significantly more destructive stress coping. The results are interpreted with respect to a stress-related psychobiological model of depression in youth.
Huge and Ruptured Amoebic Liver Abscess Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors:   Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, Haining Road, China, W Wang , D Song ,   Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, Haining Road, China, X Li ,   Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, Haining Road, China, H Xie ,   Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, Haining Road, China
Published: February 2022

A 46-year-old white man, presented to the emergency department with backache for 2 weeks, which aggravated with right upper abdominal pain for 1 day without fever. He was homosexual with normal dietary habits and no history of alcoholism or smoking. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a huge mass with several smaller masses underneath occupying the right lobe of liver, with large amount of abdominal and pelvic effusion. The huge liver abscess was punctured under the guidance of bedside ultrasound, and the punctured fluid was also like “anchovy sauce” (a total of 2620ml). The mNGS of the pus near the wall of the abscess cavity showed Entamoeba histolytica. An amoebic liver abscess was diagnosed. The patient’s condition was stable after metronidazole administration and drainage of pus. He was hospitalized in the ICU for 18 days and for another 24 days in the general ward of the hospital. The results obtained in this case highlights that the use of mNGS for rapid diagnosis of huge and ruptured amebic liver abscess in non-endemic areas without capability of serologic tests.
Primary Synovial Sarcoma of Kidney - A Histological Surprise: A Rare Case Report from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors:   Registrar, Department Of Urology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India, S Jayadeva Reddy , B Sourabh Reddy ,   Registrar, Department Of Urology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India, K Pai ,   Professor, Department Of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India, BM Zeeshan Hameed ,   Professor, Department Of Urology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
Published: February 2022

Renal Synovial Sarcoma (SS) are rare type of tumors arising from the mesenchymal tissue of the kidney. Its presenting features overlap with other renal tumors there by creating a diagnostic dilemma. Very few cases of primary renal SS are described so far in the literature with no defined treatment protocol described. We hereby describe a case report of this rare tumor in a 12 year old girl who presented to us with hematuria and flank pain. Histopathological analysis and the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the diagnosis of primary monophasic synovial sarcoma. Follow-up post nephrectomy at six months showed no evidence of metastasis or recurrence.
Primary Small Intestinal Lymphoma: A Rare Case Report of Large B Cell Lymphoma Presentation as Intestinal Obstruction
Authors:   Oncologist, National Oncology Center-Aden, Yemen, Noman Saeed
Published: February 2022

Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma (PGIL) is the commonest Extranodal Lymphoma (ENL), which accounts for 30%-40%. It is important to understand them and keep them in mind in differential diagnosis in daily clinical practice. Men are more frequently affected than are women. The clinical presentation of gastrointestinal lymphoma is frequently associated with pain, masses, perforations and obstructions. We are reporting the case of a young woman with intestinal obstruction diagnosed as Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).
B2 Microglobulin and Bence Jones Proteinuria Guide the Diagnosis of Idiopathic AA Amyloidosis: A Journal to Diagnosis
Authors:   Department of Nephrology, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University Hospital, Syria, M Alsultan , A Bakr ,   Department of Oncology, Al Biruni University Hospital, Syria, Q Hassan ,   Professor and Chief of Nephrology Department, Al Assad University Hospital, Syria, D Alshaar ,   Department of Histopathology, Al Assad University Hospital, Syria
Published: February 2022

Amyloidosis is a disease caused by the extracellular deposition of pathological insoluble fibrillary protein in multiple tissues and may result in severe organ dysfunction. There are two major forms of amyloidosis: AL amyloid and AA amyloidosis, which complicates any chronic inflammatory condition, including rheumatologic, chronic infections, and certain neoplasms. In small but increasing numbers, the chronic inflammatory state underlying AA amyloidosis remains obscure, despite extensive investigations, which are known as idiopathic. In the current case, the first extensive evaluation to determine the inflammatory disease was negative. The patient had B2 microglobulin elevation and Bence jones proteinuria, which are non-specific findings, but are not conclusive, for malignancies. The diagnosis of Idiopathic AA amyloidosis was guided by understanding the pathophysiology of B2 microglobulin and Bence jones proteinuria along with excluding all other etiologies. Unfortunately, the development of restrictive cardiomyopathy and ESRD within 3 months indicates a rapid progression and poor prognosis in this patient. Clinicians may not be familiar that B2 microglobulin and Bence jones proteinuria are also found in amyloidosis, which may delay the diagnosis. Inflammatory process and kidney injury due to AA amyloidosis caused previous markers positivity in our patient. It is plausible that delays in diagnosis may be multi-faceted and heavily influenced by the average age of the patient, the complexity and the rareness of the disease. Also, non-disease-specific symptoms may reduce the likelihood of a prompt diagnosis. Therefore, establishing the diagnosis is difficult, and early diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion.
TEMP - Therapy Escalation in M. Parkinson - A German Regional Multicenter Survey
Authors:   Movement Disorders Hospital, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany, F Gandor , D Kübler ,   Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Campus Charité Mitte, Section for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Berlin, G Ebersbach ,   Movement Disorders Hospital, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany, A Kühn ,   Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Campus Charité Mitte, Section for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Berlin, J Müller ,   Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, F Klostermann ,   Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Th Müller ,   Department of Neurology, Alexianer St. Joseph-Krankenhaus, Berlin, A Lipp ,   Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Campus Charité Mitte, Section for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Berlin, A Kivi ,   Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, C Jugel ,   Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin - Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, D Gruber ,   Movement Disorders Hospital, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
Published: February 2022

Objective: To characterize socio-demographic and disease-specific data of Parkinson’s disease patients before and 1 year after therapy escalation with subcutaneous apomorphine (APO), levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), or subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in an observation trial under real life conditions. Methods: Between 2014-2015, patients undergoing therapy escalation were consecutively included in 5 movement disorders centers. Motor and nonmotor symptoms were scored before and 1 year following initiation of invasive treatments. Therapy adherence, changes of scores and oral medication were evaluated. Results: In this open-label, prospective, 12-months, multicenter real-lifestudy 63 patients were included. 31 received DBS, 19 were commenced on LCIG, 15 received treatment with APO. 16 patients were lost for follow-up. Therapy adherence after one year in the STN-DBS-group was 100%, in the LCIG-group 87.5%, and in the APO-group 47%. Therapy termination in the APO-cohort was due to onset of hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension and inflammatory skin lesions and necrosis. After one year, UPDRS-III scores improved for STN-DBS patients. All groups gained ON-time with no differences between the 3 arms. STN-DBS patients had less ON-time with dyskinesia compared to APO- and LCIG-patients. Levodopa daily dose was decreased by 50% in STN-DBS patients, and 33% in APO patients, respectively. Conclusion: All three escalation options improved ON-time. Therapy adherence in the APO-group was less than 50% after 1 year, making it a potential bridging option while awaiting a more invasive treatment.
Concomitant Low-Grade Mucoepidermoid and Intraductal Carcinomas the Parotid Gland: Case Presentation with a Brief Review
Authors:   Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan, H Harada , S Goto ,   Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan, N Kudo ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan, S Nakatsuka ,   Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Sakai City Medical Center, Japan, K Honma ,   Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Okasa International Cancer Institute, Japan, A Matsubara ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan, A Kurose ,   Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
Published: February 2022

The patient was a Japanese female and a former thyroid cancer patient. A computed tomography scan indicated a small mass in the right parotid gland about 14 years after therapy for thyroid cancer. Pleomorphic adenoma was suspected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Three years later, when she was 60 years old, fine needle aspiration cytology failed to determine a diagnosis and superficial parotidectomy was performed. There have been no signs of recurrence or metastasis for about 2 years thereafter. Histological examination revealed two histological types of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and low-grade intraductal carcinoma coexisting within the parotid mass. Although closely located, the two types of carcinoma had not intermingled. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma formed multilocular cystic structures, in which mucous, intermediate, and non-keratinizing squamous cells were intermingled. Exclusively predominant intraductal growth in the intraductal carcinoma showed a combination of cribriform and papillary-cystic patterns and diffuse positive reaction for S100 protein. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the mucoepidermoid carcinoma had split signals for the MAML2 gene but no split signals were detected for the MAML2 and ETV6 genes in the intraductal carcinoma. We discuss the histomorphological features and diagnostic problems of the present case and the literature is briefly reviewed.
A Single Firm Nodule of the Upper Lip: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Oral Surgery, University of Paris-Saclay, France, K Czarny , F Le Pelletier ,   Department of Oral and ENT Pathology, Sorbonne University, France, AL Ejeil ,   Department of Oral Surgery, University of Paris, France
Published: February 2022

Canalicular Adenoma (CA) is a benign accessory salivary gland neoplasm. It represents less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. It occurs generally on the upper lips in female patients over 50 years of age. We report a case of canalicular adenoma that arose from buccal minor salivary glands of the upper lip without any symptomatology. Clinically, CA appears as an often single firm mass of 1cm, sparing the main salivary glands which is not pathognomonic of canalicular adenoma. Treatment of choice is enucleation to rule out many differential diagnoses that may present clinically as an asymptomatic nodule. Recurrences are rare. Histological features are characteristic and usually allow a definitive diagnosis to be made with confidence. However, many differential diagnoses remain to be ruled out.