Biological prerequisites for the introduction of health-saving technologies in the process of adaptive physical education of schoolchildren with visual impairments
Authors: Bukhovets Bozhena , Dyshel Galyna , Todorov Petro , Asauliuk Inna , Usychenko Vitaly 
Published: June 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the presented scientific research was, based on factor analysis, to substantiate the biological prerequisites for the introduction of health-saving technologies in the process of adaptive physical education of schoolchildren with visual impairments.

Material & Methods. 47 schoolchildren aged 10-13 years with visual impairment took part in the scientific study, of which 13 people were aged 10 years, 10 people were 11 years old, 13 people were 12 years old and 11 people were 13 years old. The problems identified during the study were solved using generally accepted methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the chosen research topic and factor analysis.

Results. Factor analysis of indicators of physical development, physical fitness and balance of 10-year-old schoolchildren with visual impairment was determined on a sample of 79.1% of the total variance and is determined by the discrepancy between their physical condition and age-sex development parameters and depends on the level of physical fitness and the ability to maintain motor stability in conditions of maintaining balance. As for the three factors identified in the structure of indicators of physical development, physical fitness and balance state of 11-year-old schoolchildren with visual impairments, together they explain 74.3% of the total variance of indicators in the group. The key factors in the physical development of 11-year-old schoolchildren with visual impairment are: the stability of the ratio of height and chest circumference (CHC), body weight and its deviations from the norm, mobility and dexterity. Summing up the final analysis of the studied indicators on a sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren with visual impairments, it showed that the three-factor solution turned out to be the most informative and covers 83,14%. Studying the factor structure of the studied indicators in a group of 13-year-old schoolchildren with visual impairments, let us pay attention to the fact that a certain three-factor structure covers 83,7%. In accordance with these results of factor analysis, it can be concluded that the physical development of schoolchildren with visual impairment at the age of 13 is characterized by a combination of the development of muscle strength, physical fitness, breathing development, balance and coordination of movements.

Conclusions. Conducting a factor analysis of indicators of physical development, physical fitness and the functional state of balance of schoolchildren with visual impairments determines that it is important to improve coordination and balance, the need to control the physical parameters of the body and improve the level of physical fitness.

The study identified common factors in the structure of adolescent schoolchildren in general and in separate groups of schoolchildren with visual impairments of all ages: the development of anthropometric body parameters; physical training and physical activity; development of balance. Specific factors that are unique only to a certain age were also identified, which indicates the need to guide the development of modern health-saving technology, which will contain training and corrective measures in these areas of work with schoolchildren aged 12 and 13 years.