bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tata Busana Adat Bali Aga Desa Tenganan Pagringsingan Dan Desa Asak Karangasem
Authors: I Ketut Darsana
Published: July 2021

This is a report of research findings regarding the lore of traditional clothing/costume in Bali Aga village in terms of its form, function, and meaning, along with its transformation in dance creativity. This is recently developed in the villages of Tenganan Pegringsingan and Asak Karangasem, where the art is inherited from one generation to another generation. The developed form of clothing in the traditional village of Bali Aga is distinctively unique, i.e. the featuring form is stimulated by the mutual support between the function and the meaning. In addition to featuring the aesthetic form, the clothing lore also reflects the meaning. This is possible due to the fact that the selected form does not only cater to the aesthetic deliberation, but he content reflects worthy and interesting symbolic values.
Fungsi Seni Lukis Bali Modern Anak Agung Gede Sobrat
Authors: A.A Gede Yugus
Published: July 2021

This article examines the important of appreciating the paintings of A.A. Gede Sobrat, due to the interesting form, theme, and function of the painting. The work of this painter has its distinctive characteristic that is well known and has enhanced the artistic level of Bali and Indonesia in painting. Anak Agung Gede Sobrat obtained inspiration from Walter Spies and R. Bonnet, although Sobrat previously focused on Balinese traditional painting. His encounter with Walter Spies and R. Bonnet provides artistic ideas in painting arts. The author wishes to understand the form, function, and meaning of the artistic exploration of Anak Agung Gede Sobrat.
Ritual Ider Bumi Di Desa Kemiren, Kecamatan Glagah, Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Sulistyani
Published: July 2021

Ritual Ider Bumi one of existing ceremony ritual society of Using Banyuwangi, as statement or expression thank goodness for blessing which have been accepted to the countryside security during one year. Society Using is original society Banyuwangi, (those who do not want to coexist with the society urban). Society Using in Ke- miren village, its confidence embrace the Islam, but also still run the culture which inherit from its ancestor. Religion and cultural walk along, till able to form the ceremony ritual like that ceremony of ritual Ider Bumi executed in each feast day of Ramadan Idul Fitri.
Manunggaling Kala Desa Melintas Fenomena Ruang Dan Waktu Dalam Penciptaan Seni Lukis
Authors: I Wayan Setem
Published: July 2021

Having observed and studied lingga-yoni, I have got an idea about “The Unity of Time-Space, Crossing the Phenomena of Time and Space in the Creation of Painting is the theme of my Works. What I would like to analyze here is the psycho- anthropological aspects of lingga-yoni. Hopefully this analysis is viewed as an effort to reread reinterpret the symbol of lingga- yoni in my paintings. My perception of lingga-yoni related to the unity of time-space is not merely understood as a sensing quality but as a self projection of various values involving new interpretations. I can perceive the significance of lingga-yoni so that I am fully aware of its relationship with time and space. This perception is related not only to the cognitive achievement but also to the feelings of various values such as aesthetical, moral, and religious. Thus in this context, I place the creative exploration in the painting creation as a critical reflection crossing the time and space phenomena with the theme of “Manunggaling Kala- Desa” (the unity of time-space).
Ergonomics and Tri Hita Karana Conception in Balinese Traditional Houses
Authors: I Nyoman Artayasa
Published: July 2021

Tri Hita Karana is the concept of three things that can lead to happiness, which consist of the relationship of human beings with God, amongst human beings, and the relationship of human beings with the environ- ment, which is embodied in the circulation, the design space forming element, the supporting build a space, design of facilities, utilities and decoration. The study of ergonomics on traditional residential houses in Bali focuses on task elements, organization and environment. The task examines how the facilities are created based on anthropometric and activity flow. The organization studies about traditional Balinese buildings layout in terms of organization of space, which resulted in a large scale, function space and circulation space. Environment review the two sides, firstly is physical environment, namely: the use of circulation, lighting and handling the existing season every year, and secondly is the social environment, namely: religion, beliefs, norms and others. There are similarities between Ergonomics and Tri Hita Karana, therefore this study intend to it. It is conducted by using qualitative descriptive analysis with the applica- tion of Tri Hita Karana concept on traditional Balinese buildings and also accompanied with ergonomic values based on te ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape ape appose of this writing is to observe whether the ergonomics and Tri Hita Karana have similar views in the embodiment of traditional Balinese houses. In the end of the discussion we can conclude that the embodiment of traditional Balinese residential buildings has to be considered on the relationship of human beings with God and also the relationship of human being with the environment. It is also includes a consideration in ergonomics con- sists of: task, organization and environment; and it is found out that in the concept of Tri Hita Karana has similarities with the concept of ergonomics on traditional Balinese houses.
Model Service Life Skills Counselling (Life Skills Mentoring) Based Tri Hita Karana Citizens Group to Learn in the District Badung, Gianyar and Singaraja Bali Province
Authors: A.A. Ngurah Adhiputra
Published: July 2021

The study has been intended to develop life skills counselling models based on the tri hita karana concept is needed because counselling services in most society tend to be academic and vocationally oriented. Therefore, models of life skills counselling are obligatory. Four steps were taken in the study. First, preliminary overviews of general life skills education program in the society. Second, developing ‘hypothetical’ life skills counselling models based on the tri hita karana and formulating an early life skills counselling services. Third, conducting a model validation though seminars, and trying -out models and data analyses. At this stage, the researcher conducted data analyses between pre-test and post-test implementations. Fourth, based on the data analyses, the researcher formulated a final model of the Tri hita karana-based counselling service and further socialized, disseminated, and strengthened the places of counselling activities the in society. In general, this research has achieved the targeted goals; to develop a tri hita karana-based models in life skills counseling work. The model can be applied by tutors, technical resource persons, counselors, organizers of fasilitators at the Province of Bali.
Legislative regulation of the activities of Jewish charities organizations in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century
Authors: Dotsenko Viktor , Zholob Mikhail , Zhurba Mikhail
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the features of Russian legislation that regulated the activities of Jewish charitable organizations and partnerships in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries; in addition, the article examines the practical application of its norms by imperial officials and Jewish philanthropists in the southwestern provinces of the Russian Empire.
Yedi aktif farmasötik bileşenin Aliivibrio fischeri toksisite testi ile su ortamına olan etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TONGUR Süheyla , YILDIZ Sevil
Published: July 2021

Aktif farmasötik bileşenlerin çevresel kalıntıları, çevresel riskler ve sağlık sorunları ile ilişkilidir. Bunların çevreye olan etkileri toplumsal bir endişe konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada; flurbiprofen, naproksen Na, propranolol HCl, karbamazepin, azitromisin, doksisiklin ve klindamisin ilaç etken maddelerinin toksisiteleri Aliivibrio fischeri toksisite testi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Aliivibrio fischeri toksisite testi deneyinde, ilaç etken maddelerinin 5. ve 15. dakika sonunda okunan değerlerine göre EC50 (mg/L) ve toksik birim (TB) hesaplanmıştır. 15. dk sonunda elde edilen EC50 değerlerine bakıldığında, EC50 değerleri en düşük çıkan ilaç aktif bileşenleri “doksisiklin, azitromisin ve klindamisin” dir. Bu antibiyotik grubu ilaç etken maddeleri “doksisiklin, azitromisin ve klindamisin” için EC50 değerleri sırasıyla; 0.10, 0.12 ve 0.76 mg/L olarak bulunmuştur. Farmasötiklerin Aliivibrio fischeri'ye akut toksisiteleri hakkında elde edilen veriler, ortaya çıkan kirleticilerle ilişkili çevresel risklerin değerlendirilmesini kolaylaştırabilir.
Differential expression of cluster of differentiation 14 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: July 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding cluster of differentiation 14, CD14, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. CD14 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. CD14 expression correlated with progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of CD14 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. CD14 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
A computational approach to understand the human thought process
Authors: Dundas Jitesh Bharat , Ling Maurice
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to understand the humanmind functions such that we can simulate them into a computationalmodel for making cognitive systems more intelligent. We then presentthis model with formulae using a top-down approach. We proposethat the human thought process, which is the fundamental unit for thehuman mind and all the different emotions coming from it, can beimplemented as a mathematical formulae to a reasonable extent.Further, we argue that our model has the ability to derive mindfunctions such as dreams and thinking. The model utilizes a top-down approach for understanding the factors involved in the thoughtprocess while explaining the factors involved. The authors are intendto make continuous improvements in the formulae as more scientificadvances happen in the understanding of the human brain.
Preregistration specificity & adherence: A review of preregistered gambling studies & cross-disciplinary comparison
Authors: Heirene Robert , LaPlante Debi , Louderback Eric R. , Keen Brittany , Bakker Marjan , Serafimovska Anastasia , Gainsbury Sally M
Published: July 2021

Study preregistration is one of several “open science” practices (e.g., open data, preprints) that researchers use to improve the transparency and rigour of their research. As more researchers adopt preregistration as a regular research practice, examining the nature and content of preregistrations can help identify strengths and weaknesses of current practices. The value of preregistration, in part, relates to the specificity of the study plan and the extent to which investigators adhere to this plan. We identified 53 preregistrations from the gambling studies field meeting our predefined eligibility criteria and scored their level of specificity using a 23-item protocol developed to measure the extent to which a clear and exhaustive preregistration plan restricts various researcher degrees of freedom (RDoF; i.e., the many methodological choices available to researchers when collecting and analysing data, and when reporting their findings). We also scored studies on a 32-item protocol that measured adherence to the preregistered plan in the study manuscript. We found that gambling preregistrations had low specificity levels on most RDoF. However, a comparison with a sample of cross-disciplinary preregistrations (N = 52; Bakker et al., 2020) indicated that gambling preregistrations scored higher on 12 (of 29) items. Thirteen (65%) of the 20 associated published articles or preprints deviated from the protocol without declaring as much (the mean number of undeclared deviations per article was 2.25, SD = 2.34). Overall, while we found improvements in specificity and adherence over time (2017-2020), our findings suggest the purported benefits of preregistration—including increasing transparency and reducing RDoF—are not fully achieved by current practices. Using our findings, we provide 10 practical recommendations that can be used to support and refine preregistration practices.
The 2020 Research on Problematic Information on the COVID19 Pandemic. A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Righetti Nicola , Rossi Luca , Marino Giada
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major turning point in scholarly attention to information-related problems, including the infodemic and fake news. The paper presents a systematic and comprehensive literature review on multidisciplinary research into problematic information around COVID-19 published in 2020, with a view to identifying the main trends from a disciplinary, methodological, and substantive perspective. We collected 862 records in English from three leading scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost) by searching, in the title and abstract, a set of keywords related to COVID-19 and information problems. After removing the duplicates and documents other than scientific papers published in scientific journals (such as magazine articles and letters), the three authors screened the records to retain the empirical articles which dealt more than just incidentally with the topic, ending up with 378 papers. The three coders analyzed the results and applied a number of pre-defined categories related to the disciplinary, methodological, and substantive characteristics of the papers. Analysis of frequencies and computational methods, including social network analysis and text mining, were used to analyze the data. The corpus of 378 papers published in 2020 on problematic COVID-19 information revealed considerable contributions from Medicine and Social Sciences and a disciplinarily and geographically interconnected field. Quantitative methods and especially surveys stand out as the most popular approaches, with a considerable number of more discursive papers offering expert views on pandemic-related informational problems. The main trends from a substantive perspective were conspiracy theories and their impact on norm compliance, and the attention to informational problems defined though the concept of infodemic.
Habitat preference of Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster Hodgson, 1839) at Lapchi of Bigu Rural Municipality, Gaurishankar Conservation Area
Authors: Koju Narayan Prasad , Bashyal Bijay , Shah Satya Narayan
Published: July 2021

The Himalayan musk deer (Moschus leucogaster) is an endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List and Appendix I of CITES. It is widely but discontinuously distributed in Nepal. A Pellet sign survey was carried in April 2019 in Lapchi valley of Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA) in Nepal to assess the habitat preference of Himalayan musk deer. A total of 11 transects of 16348 m length and 10 m wide was surveyed. Seven Parameters: Elevation, Aspect, ground cover, distance from the water source, crown cover, rock exposure, and distance from settlement/cow sheds were recorded from the location where pellet (toilet) of musk deer were recorded to extrapolate the probable habitat map. We recorded a total of 157 musk deer pellet groups in the study area14.27 ± 2.91. The study concluded that the 38.4% (26.5 km2) area of Lapchi valley is the probable habitat of musk deer. The c2 – test suggested that the distribution of musk deer is significantly associated with elevation and aspect of the location. Musk deer mostly preferred habitat between 3600-4000 m elevations, with North-West aspect, ground cover less than 25%, and canopy cover between 25%-50%. Musk deer signs were recorded in areas with rock exposure ranging from as low as less than 25%. Distance from the water source and human settlement affect the distribution of musk deer. The indirect signs were higher near water sources and far from human settlement.
Odgoj za vrijednosti u okvirima kurikula predmeta društveno-humanističkoga područja
Authors: Brković Vjera , Bušljeta Kardum Rona , Mališa Snježana
Published: July 2021

Područje odgoja za vrijednosti interdisciplinarno je s obzirom na to da se tom temom bave znanosti poput filozofije, pedagogije, psihologije, antropologije, religijskih znanosti, kao i međupredmetne kurikulne teme. U okviru odgojno–obrazovnih znanosti nameće se pitanje za koje vrijednosti odgajati mlade. Cilj je ovoga rada sažeto prikazati razvoj odgojno–obrazovnih vrijednosti kroz povijest, definirati pojam odgojno–obrazovnih vrijednosti te analizom kurikula nastavnih predmeta društveno–humanističkoga područja odgovoriti na pitanje koje se vrijednosti razvijaju kroz odgoj i obrazovanje.
The study of sessional recordings of 1962-1972 from the BBC radioarchive (The Beatles, Pink Floyd, Deep Purple)
Authors: Synieokyi O.
Published: July 2021

Due to the recent increase in research interest in phono documents, which were created specifically for radio, a documentary analysis of the creation of music programs of the British Broadcasting Corporation is provided. Particular attention is paid to an overview of the chronology of recording sessions for a number of selected bands from the BBC’s archival collection (1962–1972). The role of John Peel in the creation of creative music programs within the framework of “Radio 1” was noted. The study showed that the digitalization of archival space has brought new opportunities for finding lost rarities that were at the origins of rock music. Both positive and negative trends in the restoration and use of archived musical phonograms from radio storages are noted.
Social Media as an Object of Marketing Researches
Authors: Zaitseva M. , Pshynka H.
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the study. The access to social media and digital marketing led to the discovery of plenty of data which marketers use in their work. However, there is a lack of professional rules as to the use of social media in marketing and there is a lacuna in understanding of the consumers’ comfort when marketers use public data of social media. In this regard a new category emerges — consumer marketing comfort. In this scientific article an attempt to analyze the level of comfort of the consumer’s perception of social media data of digital marketing has been made. But the dramatic development of digital technologies demands a constant reconsideration and analysis of this issue. Moreover, none of the authors has studied the problem of use of consumers’ data by digital technologies, consequently the issue of the consumer marketing comfort has never been researched.
The purpose of the article is to define the role and the efficiency of digital technologies in marketing communication in the modern environment and the use of consumer data by digital marketing, and in this regard how comfortable it is for people when their data, which are publicly available in a social network, are used.
The methodology. Creating the article we applied the theoretical and analytical methods of scientific research.
The results. Marketing comfort is a new category which is significant for the future marketing research. Marketing comfort is the comfort of a person while using the information which was posted publicly in social a network for targeted advertising, relations with customers and generation of ideas. In the context of the category development it has been discovered that the targeted advertising is the strongest component and it contributes to the marketing comfort comparing to the two measures: generation of ideas and relations with customers. Taking into account the basis of consumer comfort, this new marketing practice suggests the research of strategies for marketers who can support and mitigate the situation of consumers’ concern in order to let consumers keep their confidence in digital practice of marketers.
The scientific topicality. A new category of marketing comfort has been defined and consideration of marketing comfort as a mean of communication has been suggested.
The practical significance. The material of this article can be used in the development of marketing strategies of organizations and their communication policy.
Поражение пищеварительного тракта как проявление COVID-19 у ребенка 4 лет
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Osmanov I.M. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Municipal Clinical Children’s Hospital at Moscow Healthcare Department; Moscow, Russian Federation, Solodovnikova O.N. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Municipal Clinical Children’s Hospital at Moscow Healthcare Department; Moscow, Russian Federation, Borzakova S.N. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Municipal Clinical Children’s Hospital at Moscow Healthcare Department; Moscow, Russian Federation, Sbrodova T.V. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Iliasova P.N. ,   Children’s Hospital No. 1 «Krasnogorsk City Hospital No. 2»; Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Russian Federation, Novoselova S.N. ,   Children’s Hospital No. 1 «Krasnogorsk City Hospital No. 2»; Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Objective of the Paper: To represent a case of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in a 4-year-old child with isolated bowel damage. Key Points. COVID-19 impacts several systems and organs. Usually, children have mild or asymptomatic disease. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children can be damage not only of respiratory tract, but also of GIT, requiring differential diagnosis of enteric infections (both viral and bacterial). Prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential for antiepidemic measures and suppression an infectious process. The case shows challenges faced by clinicians when diagnosing COVID-19 in patients with isolated GIT damages without catarrhal signs. Course of the disease in this patient was characterised by a number of features indicative of a bacterial enteric infection: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, increased CRP, colitis syndrome in stool test, warranting differential diagnosis of acute enteric bacterial infections. Negative bacterial culture, detection of SARS-CoV2 RNA in oropharynx and nasopharynx mucous, fast stool normalisation and dyspeptic events arrest allowed diagnosing that the diarrhoea was associated with COVID-19. One month of metabolic and probiotic therapy normalised stool, arrested abdominal pain, and improved exercise tolerance. Conclusion. GIT damage in paediatric COVID-19 patients is essential and unexplored. COVID-19 should be added to differential diagnosis in case of clinical manifestations of an acute enteric infection. Keywords: children, novel coronavirus infection, COVID-19, GIT.
Priorities in Management of Children with Bronchial Obstruction Associated with Acute Respiratory Viral Infection: What’s New?
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Geppe N.A. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Meleshkina А.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Chebysheva S.N. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Velikoretskaya M.D. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Objective of the Review: To discuss aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and therapy of bronchial obstruction in children with acute respiratory infection. Key Points. Evaluation of bronchial obstruction in children with acute respiratory viral infection is complicated because of its genesis, differential diagnosis challenges, prevalence and rate of relapse. Issues of management of children with recurrent bronchial obstruction and rational drugs selection are discussed. Conclusion. Up-to-date approaches to the therapy of bronchial obstruction in children should be pathogenically justified and should take into account both individual haracteristics of a child and drug’s mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics. Keywords: bronchial obstruction, acute respiratory viral infection, children, bronchial asthma, sea water, salbutamol.
A new species of Acolastus from United Arab Emirates (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)
Authors: Lopatin I.K. , Nesterova O.L.
Published: July 2021

Acolastus latifrons sp. n. from United Arab Emirates is described and compared with A. arabicus Lop.
Elective versus nonelective brain tumor resections: a 5-year propensity score matching cost comparison analysis
Authors: Chan Alvin Y. , Choi Elliot H. , Oh Michael Y. , Vadera Sumeet , Chen Jefferson W. , Golshani Kiarash , Wilson William C. , Hsu Frank P. K.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Elective surgical cases generally have lower costs, higher profit margins, and better outcomes than nonelective cases. Investigating the differences in cost and profit between elective and nonelective cases would help hospitals in planning strategies to withstand financial losses due to potential pandemics. The authors sought to evaluate the exact cost and profit margin differences between elective and nonelective supratentorial tumor resections at a single institution.

METHODS

The authors collected economic analysis data in all patients who underwent supratentorial tumor resection at their institution between January 2014 and December 2018. The patients were grouped into elective and nonelective cases. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for heterogeneity of baseline characteristics between the two groups.

RESULTS

There were 143 elective cases and 232 nonelective cases over the 5 years. Patients in the majority of elective cases had private insurance and in the majority of nonelective cases the patients had Medicare/Medicaid (p < 0.01). The total charges were significantly lower for elective cases ($168,800.12) compared to nonelective cases ($254,839.30, p < 0.01). The profit margins were almost 6 times higher for elective than for nonelective cases ($13,025.28 vs $2,128.01, p = 0.04). After propensity score matching, there was still a significant difference between total charges and total cost.

CONCLUSIONS

Elective supratentorial tumor resections were associated with significantly lower costs with shorter lengths of stay while also being roughly 6 times more profitable than nonelective cases. These findings may help future planning for hospital strategies to survive financial losses during future pandemics that require widespread cancellation of elective cases.
Hydrocephalus surveillance following shunt placement or endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a survey of surgeons in the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Networks
Authors: Hersh David S. , Kumar Rahul , Klimo Paul , Bookland Markus , Martin Jonathan E.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Late failure is a well-documented complication of cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement and, less commonly, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). However, standards regarding the frequency of clinical and radiological follow-up in these patients have not been defined. Here, the authors report on their survey of surgeons at sites for the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) or its implementation/quality improvement arm (HCRNq) to provide a cross-sectional overview of practice patterns.

METHODS

A 24-question survey was developed using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform and was distributed to the 138 pediatric neurosurgeons across 39 centers who participate in the HCRN or HCRNq. Survey questions were organized into three sections: 1) Demographics (5 questions), 2) Shunt Surveillance (12 questions), and 3) ETV Surveillance (7 questions).

RESULTS

A total of 122 complete responses were obtained, for an overall response rate of 88%. The majority of respondents have been in practice for more than 10 years (58%) and exclusively treat pediatric patients (79%). Most respondents consider hydrocephalus to have stabilized 1 month (21%) or 3 months (39%) after shunt surgery, and once stability is achieved, 72% then ask patients to return for routine clinical follow-up annually. Overall, 83% recommend lifelong clinical follow-up after shunt placement. Additionally, 75% obtain routine imaging studies in asymptomatic patients, although the specific imaging modality and frequency of imaging vary. The management of an asymptomatic increase in ventricle size or an asymptomatic catheter fracture also varies widely. Many respondents believe that hydrocephalus takes longer to stabilize after ETV than after shunt placement, reporting that they consider hydrocephalus to have stabilized 3 (28%), 6 (33%), or 12 (28%) months after an ETV. Although 68% of respondents have patients return annually for routine clinical follow-up after an ETV, only 56% recommend lifelong follow-up. The proportion of respondents who perform lifelong follow-up increases with greater practice experience (p = 0.01). Overall, 67% of respondents obtain routine imaging studies in asymptomatic patients after an ETV, with “rapid” MRI the study of choice for most respondents.

CONCLUSIONS

While there is a general consensus among pediatric neurosurgeons across North America that hydrocephalus patients should have long-term follow-up after shunt placement, radiological surveillance is characterized by considerable variety, as is follow-up after an ETV. Future work should focus on evaluating whether any one of these surveillance protocols is associated with improved outcomes.
Use of predictive spatial modeling to reveal that primary cancers have distinct central nervous system topography patterns of brain metastasis
Authors: Neman Josh , Franklin Meredith , Madaj Zachary , Deshpande Krutika , Triche Timothy J. , Sadlik Gal , Carmichael John D , Chang Eric , Yu Cheng , Strickland Ben A , Zada Gabriel
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Brain metastasis is the most common intracranial neoplasm. Although anatomical spatial distributions of brain metastasis may vary according to primary cancer subtype, these patterns are not understood and may have major implications for treatment.

METHODS

To test the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of brain metastasis varies according to cancer origin in nonrandom patterns, the authors leveraged spatial 3D coordinate data derived from stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery procedures performed to treat 2106 brain metastases arising from 5 common cancer types (melanoma, lung, breast, renal, and colorectal). Two predictive topographic models (regional brain metastasis echelon model [RBMEM] and brain region susceptibility model [BRSM]) were developed and independently validated.

RESULTS

RBMEM assessed the hierarchical distribution of brain metastasis to specific brain regions relative to other primary cancers and showed that distinct regions were relatively susceptible to metastasis, as follows: bilateral temporal/parietal and left frontal lobes were susceptible to lung cancer; right frontal and occipital lobes to melanoma; cerebellum to breast cancer; and brainstem to renal cell carcinoma. BRSM provided probability estimates for each cancer subtype, independent of other subtypes, to metastasize to brain regions, as follows: lung cancer had a propensity to metastasize to bilateral temporal lobes; breast cancer to right cerebellar hemisphere; melanoma to left temporal lobe; renal cell carcinoma to brainstem; and colon cancer to right cerebellar hemisphere. Patient topographic data further revealed that brain metastasis demonstrated distinct spatial patterns when stratified by patient age and tumor volume.

CONCLUSIONS

These data support the hypothesis that there is a nonuniform spatial distribution of brain metastasis to preferential brain regions that varies according to cancer subtype in patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. These topographic patterns may be indicative of the abilities of various cancers to adapt to regional neural microenvironments, facilitate colonization, and establish metastasis. Although the brain microenvironment likely modulates selective seeding of metastasis, it remains unknown how the anatomical spatial distribution of brain metastasis varies according to primary cancer subtype and contributes to diagnosis. For the first time, the authors have presented two predictive models to show that brain metastasis, depending on its origin, in fact demonstrates distinct geographic spread within the central nervous system. These findings could be used as a predictive diagnostic tool and could also potentially result in future translational and therapeutic work to disrupt growth of brain metastasis on the basis of anatomical region.
Rapid-sequence MRI for evaluation of pediatric traumatic brain injury: a systematic review
Authors: Kessler Brice A. , Goh Jo Ling , Pajer Hengameh B. , Asher Anthony M. , Northam Weston T. , Hung Sheng-Che , Selden Nathan R. , Quinsey Carolyn S.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Rapid-sequence MRI (RSMRI) of the brain is a limited-sequence MRI protocol that eliminates ionizing radiation exposure and reduces imaging time. This systematic review sought to examine studies of clinical RSMRI use for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to evaluate various RSMRI protocols used, including their reported accuracy as well as clinical and systems-based limitations to implementation.

METHODS

PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched, and clinical articles reporting the use of a limited brain MRI protocol in the setting of pediatric head trauma were identified.

RESULTS

Of the 1639 articles initially identified and reviewed, 13 studies were included. An additional article that was in press at the time was provided by its authors. The average RSMRI study completion time was variable, spanning from 1 minute to 16 minutes. RSMRI with “blood-sensitive” sequences was more sensitive for detection of hemorrhage compared with head CT (HCT), but less sensitive for detection of skull fractures. Compared with standard MRI, RSMRI had decreased sensitivity for all evidence of trauma.

CONCLUSIONS

Protocols and uses of RSMRI for pediatric TBI were variable among the included studies. While traumatic pathology missed by RSMRI, such as small hemorrhages and linear, nondisplaced skull fractures, was frequently described as clinically insignificant, in some cases these findings may be prognostically and/or forensically significant. Institutions should integrate RSMRI into pediatric TBI management judiciously, relying on clinical context and institutional capabilities.
Effect of preoperative feeding with germinated brown rice supplement on clinical outcome of orthopaedic and gastrointestinal surgery patients
Authors: Thacker Pooja , Mandalika Subhadra , Shah Rahul , Doctor Nilesh
Published: July 2021

Background: Malnutrition prior to surgery can lead to inflammation, increased length of hospital stay, bed sores, muscle weakness, poor quality of life and mortality post-surgery in patients. Therefore, preoperative drinks that have been enriched with vitamins, easily digestible carbohydrates and amino acids have been necessitated by ESPEN. Health benefits of brown rice, which is a good source of phytonutrients like GABA, Ferulic acid Oryzanol and B- complex, BCAA and maltodextrin, have been well researched.Methods: In the present study, a nutritious product was developed using germinated brown rice, salt and micronutrient mix (GBR Mix), analysed quantitatively (Proximate composition) and qualitatively (Phytochemicals). Major orthopaedic and gastrointestinal surgical patients in the age group of 40-65 years (n=124) were supplemented with GBR Mix in bouts of 3 meals (20gms x 3meals) namely lunch, mid-evening and bedtime time snack, 8 hrs prior to surgery unlike other patients who fasted for 12-16 hours prior to surgery. They were assessed for nutritional status, Serum Albumin, inflammatory markers (CRP and WBC), post-surgery complications and length of hospital stay.Results: Supplementation was found to improve blood sugar (p<0.05) in gastroenterology patients, reduce inflammatory markers like CRP(p=0.053) and WBC (p<0.001), reduced nausea and vomiting, improved food and fluid intake post-surgery in the patients. Additionally, length of hospital stay was also reduced (p=0.001).Conclusion: Thus, germinated brown rice could be recommended as an economical nutritious and anti-inflammatory pre surgery feed.Keywords: GBR, LOS, MUST, SGA, CRP, Micronutrient Mix
„Von der süßen Schuld des Verschwörers”. Erving Goffman, Verschwörungsdenken und die Kultur der Konspiration
Authors: Schink Alan
Published: July 2021

Der Beitrag rekonstruiert anhand der Interaktionstheorie Erving Goffmans, dass Konspirationen geregelte Routinepraktiken im Alltag darstellen. Kollaborationen und Kollusionen vollziehen sich über koordinierte Interaktionen der Fremd- und Selbsttäuschung und haben eine sozialisierende Funktion. Von ihnen zu unterscheiden sind Verschwörungen im machiavellistischen Sinne, die das reflexive Vertrauen, das Alltagskonspirationen begleitet, strukturell untergraben, obgleich sie mit ähnlichen Techniken der Informationskontrolle arbeiten. Es wird gezeigt, inwiefern die pauschale Annahme, Verschwörungsdenken sei irrational, nicht zutreffend ist. Stattdessen müssen Kontexte und Konstellationen berücksichtigt werden, in denen sich paranoide Subjektpositionen interaktiv herausbilden und ihre eigene ‚Rationalität‘ entfalten.
Do central counterparties reduce counterparty and liquidity risk? Empirical results
Authors: León Carlos , Mariño Ricardo , Cadena Carlos
Published: July 2021

A central counterparty (CCP) interposes itself between buyers and sellers of financial contracts to extinguish their bilateral exposures. Therefore, central clearing and settlement through a CCP should affect how financial institutions engage in financial markets. Though, financial institutions’ interactions are difficult to observe and analyze. Based on a unique transaction dataset corresponding to the Colombian peso non-delivery forward market, this article compares—for the first time—networks of transactions agreed to be cleared and settled by the CCP with those to be cleared and settled bilaterally. Networks to be centrally cleared and settled show significantly higher connectivity and lower distances among financial institutions. This suggests that agreeing on central clearing and settlement reduces liquidity risk. After CCP interposition, exposure networks show significantly lower connectivity and higher distances, consistent with a reduction of counterparty risk. Consequently, evidence shows CCPs induce a change of behavior in financial institutions that emerges as two distinctive economic structures for the same market, which corresponds to CCP’s intended reduction of liquidity and counterparty risks.
The Σ2 theory of Dh(⩽hO) as an uppersemilattice with least and greatest element is decidable
Authors: Barnes James
Published: July 2021

The decidability of the two quantifier theory of the hyperarithmetic degrees below Kleene’s [Formula: see text] in the language of uppersemilattices with least and greatest element is established. This requires a new kind of initial segment result and a new extension of embeddings result both in the hyperarithmetic setting.
Detection of black-hole attacks in MANET using adaboost support vector machine
Authors: Hikal Noha A. , Shams Mahmoud Y. , Salem Hanaa , Eid Marwa M.
Published: July 2021

Mobile Ad hock Networks (MANETs) are currently used for developing the privacy and accuracy of modern networks. Furthermore, MANET applications are fit to be data-oriented systems, that introduce a secure and more robust data transmission protocol making it a topmost priority in the design. The lack of infrastructure in the existence of dynamic topology as well as limited resources of MANET is a major challenge facing those interested in the field. Further, the nonexistence of a formerly authorized trust relationship within the connected nodes produces instability of the detection process in MANETs. Basically, by adding adapted LEACH routing protocol to MANET, enhancement of the preserved nodes vitality will be achieved, moreover, the load balancing with data loss reduction provides MANET ability to tracks along with shortest and limited paths. This paper proposes a newly developed detection scheme for both active and passive black-hole attacks in MANETs. Moreover, the scheme deals with assessing a group of selected features for each node-based AdaBoost-SVM algorithm. These features are collected from cluster members nodes based on Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (OMDV) with LEACH routing protocol clustering approaches. Although SVM is considered a more stable classifier, there are great influences of the AdaBoost weight adaption algorithm to enhance the classification process in terms of strengthening the weights of extracted features. This hybrid algorithm is essential for active black-hole attacks as well as for identifying passive black-hole attacks in MANET. The proposed scheme is tested against the effect of mobility variation to determine the accuracy of the detection process including the routing overhead protocol. The experimental results investigated that the accuracy of detecting both active and passive black-holes attacks in MANET reached 97% with a promising time complexity for different mobility conditions. Moreover, the proposed scheme provides an accurate decision about malicious vs benign node dropping behavior using an adjustable threshold value.
Research on disruption management of urgent arrival in job shop with deteriorating effect
Authors: Tao Ning , Xiaodong Duan , Lu An , Tao Gou
Published: July 2021

A disruption management method based on cumulative prospect theory is proposed for the urgent with deteriorating effect arrival in flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP). First, the mathematical model of problem is established with minimizing the completion time of urgent order, minimizing the total process time of the system and minimizing the total cost as the target. Then, the cumulative prospect theory equation of the urgent arrival in job shop scheduling process is induced designed. Based on the selected model, an optimized multi-phase quantum particle swarm algorithm (MQPSO) is proposed for selecting processing route. Finally, using Solomon example simulation and company Z riveting shop example as the study object, the performance of the proposed method is analyzed. It is compared with the current common rescheduling methods, and the results verify that the method proposed in this paper not only meets the goal of the optimized objects, but improves the practical requirements for the stability of production and processing system during urgent arrival. Lastly, the optimized multiphase quantum particle swarm algorithm is used to solve disruption management of urgent arrival problem. Through instance analysis and comparison, the effectiveness and efficiency of urgent arrival disruption management method with deteriorating effect are verified.
Fault analysis on continuous variable transmission using DB-06 wavelet decomposition and fault classification using ANN
Authors: Narendiranath Babu T. , Senthilnathan N. , Pancholi Shailesh , Nikhil Kumar S.P. , Rama Prabha D. , Mohammed Noor , Wahab Razia Sultana
Published: July 2021

This study aims at developing a novel method for condition monitoring technique for detection and classification of developing faults and increase the working life of continuous variable transmission (CVT) using Daubechies Wavelet 06 (DB-06). The vibration data is collected for 4 different types of faults and healthy condition. Using a magnetic accelerometer and signal analyser, vibration data is collected from the system in the time-domain which is then used as input for a MATLAB code producing the plot of the frequency-domain signal. Maximum frequency is determined to diagnose the faults which are induced over three different belts. Collected data for large scale automotive system (CVT) is used to train the network and then it is tested based on random data points. Faults were classified using ANN with a classification rate of 90.8 %.
Testing the normality of heart associated variables having neutrosophic numbers
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Albassam Mohammed
Published: July 2021

In this paper, tests of skewness and kurtosis are introduced under neutrosophic statistics. The necessary measures and neutrosophic forms of these estimators are introduced. The application of the proposed tests is given using the data associated with heart diseases. From the real example analysis, the proposed tests are quite flexible and informative than the existing tests under classical statistics. In addition, it is concluded from the analysis that the proposed tests give information about the measure of indeterminacy in the presence of uncertainty.
Density aggregation operators for interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers and their application in multiple attribute decision making
Authors: Guo Huijuan , Yao Ruipu
Published: July 2021

The symmetry between fuzzy evaluations and crisp numbers provides an effective solution to multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems under fuzzy environments. Considering the effect of information distribution on decision making, a novel approach to MADM problems under the interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy (Iq-ROF) environments is put forward. Firstly, the clustering method of interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (Iq-ROFNs) is defined. Secondly, Iq-ROF density weighted arithmetic (Iq-ROFDWA) intermediate operator and Iq-ROF density weighted geometric average (Iq-ROFDWGA) intermediate operator are developed based on the density weighted intermediate operators for crisp numbers. Thirdly, combining the density weighted intermediate operators with the Iq-ROF weighted aggregation operators, Iq-ROF density aggregation operators including Iq-ROF density weighted arithmetic (Iq-ROFDWAA) aggregation operator and Iq-ROF density weighted geometric (Iq-ROFDWGG) aggregation operator are proposed. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a numerical example.