bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS RISIKO KREDIT PADA PT. BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH
Authors: Hardiati  , Ummy Kalsum  , Angelina Yenny Ringan
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis sejauh mana pengolahan Risiko Kredit pada PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa hasil wawancara dan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa metode deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu memberikan penjelasan mengenai risiko kredit PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah periode 2015-2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Non Performing Loan pada PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah selama 5 tahun periode 2015-2019 berada dibawah risiko kredit yang ditetapkan Bank Indonesia (BI) yaitu maksimum 5% sehingga risiko kredit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Bank.
ANALISIS DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID19 TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PT GARUDA INDONESIA (Tbk)
Authors: Elisabeth Suban  , Ummy Kalsum  , Andi Runis Makkulau
Published: July 2023

Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian yang menganalisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan PT Garuda Indonesia tahun 2017-2021. Teknik pengukuran kinerja keuangan yang terdiri atas beberapa rasio keuangan untuk mengukur likuiditas, aktivitas, solvabilitas dan profitabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kinerja keuangan PT. Garuda Indonesia Tbk. selama periode tahun 2017-2021. Hasil penelitian in menunjukkan bahwa analisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 pada PT Garuda Indonesia mengalami penurunan terhadap Current Ratio yang menyebabkan penurunan. Analisis Debt to Asset Ratio  pada PT Garuda Indonesia bahwa pandemi Covid-19 memiliki dampak perubahan yang menyebabkan kinerja keuangan yang meningkat. Analisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 pada PT Garuda Indonesia mengalami penurunan terhadap Return On Investment. Analisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 pada PT Garuda Indonesia mengalami penurunan terhadap Net Profit Margin. Analisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 pada PT Garuda Indonesia mengalami penurunan terhadap Fixed Asset Turnover.
Pengetahuan Wanita Usia Subur tentang Kontrasepsi Pil di UPT. Puskesmas Angsana Kabupaten Pandeglang Tahun 2019
Authors: Sari Dwinda , Marbun Henny Theresia
Published: July 2023

Dalam pemilihan jenis kontrasepsi, salah satunya adalah tingkat pengetahuan dari calon akseptor KB. Pengetahuan ibu yang tinggi akan memengaruhi dalam pemilihan alat kontrasepsi. Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan seseorang, semakin jeli orang tersebut dalam menentukan alat kontrasepsi. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden penelitian sebanyak 86 WUS dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling yang telah memenuhi kriteria ekskulsi dan inklusi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan bentuk persentase berdasarkan frekuensi dari setiap kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan WUS tentang kontrasepsi pil cukup 43 orang (50%), pengetahuan pengertian cukup 33 orang (38,37%), Keuntungan kurang 39 orang (45,35%), kerugian kurang 50 orang (58,14%), waktu memulai menggunakan cukup 43 orang (50%) dan cara minum cukup 35 orang (40,69%). Kesimpulan; pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai pengertian, waktu memulai minum dan cara minum kontrasepsi pil dan pengetahuan yang kurang mengenai keuntungan dan kerugian kontrasepsi pil.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil terhadap Antenatal Care pada Era Pandemi Covid 19 di Kelurahan Kemanisan Kecamatan Curug Kota Serang Tahun 2020
Authors: Lustiani Ika , Rachman Sandy Nurlaela , Sari Dwinda
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Terhadap Antenatal Care Pada Era Pandemi Covid 19 Di Kelurahan Kemanisan Kecamatan Curug Kota Serang tahun 2020. Metode penelitian ini metode survey analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi adalah semua ibu hamil pada saat pandemi covid-19.  Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik accidental sampling Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tehnik Quota Samplin. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Tingkat Pengetahuan ibu terhadap Antenatal Care Pada Era Pandemi Covid 19 yang kurang sebanyak 52 orang (76,5%), Ada hubungan bermakna dengan umur didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,003 (p? 0,01). Tidak ada hubungan dengan paritas didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,069 (p? 0,01). Ada hubungan dengan pendidikan didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p? 0,01). Ada hubungan dengan pekerjaan didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p? 0,01). Ada hubungan dengan informasi dengan didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,001 (p? 0,01).
The Ethics of Humanitarian Innovation: Mapping Values Statements and Engaging with Value-Sensitive Design
Authors: Brahimi Lilia , Krishnaraj Gautham , Pringle John , Schwartz Lisa , O’Mathúna Dónal , Hunt Matthew
Published: July 2023

The humanitarian sector continually faces organizational and operational challenges to respond to the needs of populations affected by war, disaster, displacement, and health emergencies. With the goal of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of response efforts, humanitarian innovation initiatives seek to develop, test, and scale a variety of novel and adapted practices, products, and systems. The innovation process raises important ethical considerations, such as appropriately engaging crisis-affected populations in defining problems and identifying potential solutions, mitigating risks, ensuring accountability, sharing benefits fairly, and managing expectations. This paper aims to contribute to knowledge and practice regarding humanitarian innovation ethics and presents two components related to a value-sensitive approach to humanitarian innovation. First is a mapping of how ethical concepts are mobilized in values statements that have been produced by a diverse set of organizations involved in humanitarian innovation. Analyzing these documents, we identified six primary values (do-no-harm, autonomy, justice, accountability, sustainability, and inclusivity) around which we grouped 12 secondary values and 10 associated concepts. Second are two proposed activities that teams engaged in humanitarian innovation can employ to foreground values as they develop and refine their project’s design, and to anticipate and plan for challenges in enacting these values across the phases of their project. A deliberate and tangible approach to engaging with values within humanitarian innovation design can help to ground humanitarian innovation in ethical commitments by increasing shared understanding amongst team members, promoting attentiveness to values across the stages of innovation, and fostering capacities to anticipate and respond to ethically challenging situations.
The Rule of Rescue in the Era of Precision Medicine, HLA Eplet Matching, and Organ Allocation
Authors: Murdoch Blake , Wagner Darren N. , Sandal Shaifali , Sherwood Karen
Published: July 2023

Precision medicine can put clinicians in a position where they must act more as resource allocators than their traditional role as patient advocates. In the allocation of transplantable organs and tissues, the use of eplet matching will enhance precision medicine but, in doing so, generate a tension with the present reliance on rule of rescue and justice-based factors for allocations. Matching donor and recipient human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is shown to benefit virtually all types of solid organ transplants yet, until recently, HLA-matching has not been practical and was shown to contribute to ethnic/racial disparities in organ allocation. Recent advances using eplets from the HLA molecule has renewed the promise of such matching for predicting patient outcomes. The rule of rescue in organ allocation reflects a combination of ethical, policy, and legal imperatives. However, the rule of rescue can impede the allocation strategies adopted by professional medical associations and the optimal use of scarce transplant resources. While eplet-matching seeks to improve outcomes, it may potentially frustrate current ethics-motivated initiatives, established patient-practitioner relationships, and functional conventions in the allocation of medical resources such as organ and tissue transplants. Eplet-matching allocation schemes need to be carefully and collaboratively designed with clear, fair and equitable guidelines that complement functional conventions and maintain public trust.
Institutional Conscientious Objection to Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: A
Critical Analysis of the Personnel-Based Arguments
Authors: Abernethy Nicholas J.
Published: July 2023

Debate rages over whether Canadian provincial and territorial governments should
allow healthcare institutions to conscientiously object to providing medical assistance in
dying (MAiD). This issue is likely to end up in court soon through challenges from patients,
clinicians, or advocacy groups such as Dying With Dignity Canada. When it does, one key
question for the courts will be whether allowing institutional conscientious objection (ICO)
to MAiD respects (i.e., shows due regard for) the consciences of the objecting healthcare
institutions, understood as unitary entities. This question has been thoroughly explored
elsewhere in the academic literature. However, another key question has been underexplored.
Specifically, precedent set by the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Loyola High
School v. Quebec (Attorney General) suggests that the courts will consider whether
allowing ICO to MAiD respects the consciences of the personnel within objecting
healthcare institutions. My answer to this question is no, by which I mean that allowing ICO
to MAiD shows undue disregard for some consciences and undue regard for others. To justify
this answer, I analyze the arguments that hold that allowing ICO in healthcare respects the
consciences of the personnel within objecting healthcare institutions. My conclusion is that
none of these personnel-based arguments succeed in the case of ICO to MAiD. Some fail
because they are wrong about the nature of conscience and complicity. Others fail because
they contradict the arguments’ proponents’ positions on conscientious objection by
individual healthcare providers. Still others fail because they are internally
inconsistent.
COVID-19: Falling Apart and Bouncing Back. A Collective Autoethnography Focused on Bioethics Education
Authors: Dercon Katrien , Domaradzki Mateusz , Elisenberg Herman T. , Głos Aleksandra , Handeland Ragnhild , Popowicz Agnieszka , Piasecki Jan
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted academic life worldwide for students as well as educators. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the collective adversity experienced by international medical students and bioethics educators caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to both personal and academic life. The authors wrote their subjective memoirs and then analyzed them using a collective autoethnography method in order to find the similarities and differences between their experiences. The results reveal some consistent patterns in experience that are captured in two metaphors:Falling apartandBouncing back. “Falling apart” involves the breakdown of daily lives during the initial stages of the pandemic, shown through subjective quotes contextualized through the authors’ commentary. The consensus is that returning home and the transition to remote education were the two main reasons for the breakdown. “Bouncing back” encompasses the authors’ recovery after the initial breakdown, achieved by acquiring new information about the virus, discovering how to continue their hobbies at home, such as working out or dancing, and learning to adjust exam expectations. At the educational level, the bioethics course, which guided students through the ethical dilemmas of the pandemic, played an important role in the recovery/bouncing back process. For that reason, we report on how it was to learn about and teach this subject during the pandemic, and how bioethics knowledge was applied for better understanding and coping with some of the moral dilemmas related to the pandemic. The study testifies to the importance of bioethics education during a pandemic and explains how this can contribute to shaping the moral resilience of future medical practitioners.
Peacekeeping in Chinese Leader Xi Jinping's Concept of Global Security Management
Authors: Jiang Yumeng
Published: July 2023

The theoretical basis of Xi Jinping's concept of global security governance and its practical application to UN peacekeeping is the subject of this study. The aim of the article is to form a broader picture of Xi Jinping's concept of global security governance, including through an analysis of its practical application in UN peacekeeping activities. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the crisis of the world order after the collapse of the bipolar world, the ideas of global security governance in Xi Jinping's policy, as well as the concretization of China's Global Security Initiative in peacekeeping activities under the auspices of the UN. From the perspective of global security governance, including peacekeeping activities, is disclosed much less frequently (in the Russian-language sources this direction is practically not covered), which indicates the relevance of this article. The conceptualization of the Global Security Initiative (GSI) and its communication to the general public in April 2022 add to the novelty of the study. Using the systematic method, the author concludes that the Global Security Initiative (GSI), responding to a wide range of Chinese national interests, was a response to the imbalanced international security order dominated by the collective West. One foreign policy priority is to position the PRC as a new reliable provider of global security. The participation of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) in UN peacekeeping activities essentially solves this task.
“Fear” as a disintegration factor: conceptual view on British-European relations in light of Brexit
Authors: Gavrilenko Nikita Vladislavovich
Published: July 2023

The article aims at contributing to discussions on British national identity and its impact on the state’s foreign policy, with British-European relations used as an example. The author provides a concept of “fear” within the constructivist approach as a tool to explain withdrawing from the integration organisation. According to it, the logic of state’s behaviour can be explained with the help of four impulses that cause fear for one’s own identity. These are generalised categories that make it easier to analyse and describe actions taken by actors while interacting with their counteragents. Given the results of the research on British-European relations, one can conclude that deeper integration and gradually empowered supranational bodies provoke conflict between national and transnational identities. For fear of being deprived of its identity, which is of paramount importance, the United Kingdom was trying to securitise the threat by leaving the Union. Accordingly, the concept of “fear” facilitates defining reasons why politicians turn to politicising a problem and developing a security scenario, which is Brexit when it comes to British-European relations. Yet, it doesn’t guarantee identity restoration and can only aggravate internal issues, which is proved by the case of Great Britain.
An ultra-narrow-band optical filter based on zero refractive index metamaterial
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Xia , Chen Ying , Cai Li ,   School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410000, China,   Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support, College of Intelligence Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: July 2023

Owing to the photonic band gap effect and defect state effect, photonic metamaterials have received much attention in the design of narrow bandpass filters, which are the key devices of optical communication equipment such as wavelength division multiplexing devices. In this work, based on zero-index metamaterial (ZIM), a compact filter with both high peak transmission coefficient and ultra-narrow bandwidth is proposed. The photonic metamaterial with conical dispersion and Dirac-like point is achieved by optimizing the structure and material component parameters of dielectric rods with square lattice in air. It is demonstrated that a triply degenerate state can be realized at the Dirac-like point, which relates this metamaterial to a zero-index medium with effective permittivity and permeability equal to zero simultaneously. Electromagnetic (EM) wave can propagate without any phase delay at this frequency, and strong dispersion occurs in the adjacent frequency cone, leading to dramatic changes in optical properties. We introduce a ZIM into photonic metamaterial defect filter to compress the bandwidth to the realization of ultra-narrow bandpass filter. The ZIM is embedded into the resonant cavity of line defect filter, which is also composed of dielectric rods with square lattice in air. In order to increase the sensitivity of the phase change with frequency, the Dirac-like frequency is adjusted to match the resonant frequency of the filter. We study the transmission spectrum of the structure through the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, and find that the peak width at half-maximum of the filter decreases as the thickness of ZIM increases, and the peak transmittance is still high when bandwidth is greatly compressed. The zero phase delay inside the slab can be observed. Through field distribution analysis, the zero-phase delay and strong coupling characteristics of electromagnetic field are observed at peak frequency. The comparison with conventional photonic metamaterials filter is discussed. We believe that this work is helpful in investigating the realization of ultra-narrow bandpass filters.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in research productivity within academia
Authors: Lee Kiran GL , Mennerat Adele , Lukas Dieter , Dugdale Hannah L , Culina Antica
Published: July 2023

Using measures of research productivity to assess academic performance puts women at a disadvantage because gender roles and unconscious biases, operating both at home and in academia, can affect research productivity. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on research productivity has been the subject of a number of studies, including studies based on surveys and studies based on numbers of articles submitted to and/or published in journals. Here, we combine the results of 55 studies that compared the impact of the pandemic on the research productivity of men and women; 17 of the studies were based on surveys, 38 were based on article counts, and the total number of effect sizes was 130. We find that the gender gap in research productivity increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the largest changes occurring in the social sciences and medicine, and the changes in the biological sciences and TEMCP (technology, engineering, mathematics, chemistry and physics) being much smaller.
Remapping in a recurrent neural network model of navigation and context inference
Authors: Low Isabel IC , Giocomo Lisa M , Williams Alex H
Published: July 2023

Neurons in navigational brain regions provide information about position, orientation, and speed relative to environmental landmarks. These cells also change their firing patterns (‘remap’) in response to changing contextual factors such as environmental cues, task conditions, and behavioral states, which influence neural activity throughout the brain. How can navigational circuits preserve their local computations while responding to global context changes? To investigate this question, we trained recurrent neural network models to track position in simple environments while at the same time reporting transiently-cued context changes. We show that these combined task constraints (navigation and context inference) produce activity patterns that are qualitatively similar to population-wide remapping in the entorhinal cortex, a navigational brain region. Furthermore, the models identify a solution that generalizes to more complex navigation and inference tasks. We thus provide a simple, general, and experimentally-grounded model of remapping as one neural circuit performing both navigation and context inference.
Conditional deletion of neurexins dysregulates neurotransmission from dopamine neurons
Authors: Ducrot Charles , de Carvalho Gregory , Delignat-Lavaud Benoît , Delmas Constantin VL , Halder Priyabrata , Giguère Nicolas , Pacelli Consiglia , Mukherjee Sriparna , Bourque Marie-Josée , Parent Martin , Chen Lulu Y , Trudeau Louis-Eric
Published: July 2023

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are key regulators of basal ganglia functions. The axonal domain of these neurons is highly complex, with a large subset of non-synaptic release sites and a smaller subset of synaptic terminals from which in addition to DA, glutamate or GABA are also released. The molecular mechanisms regulating the connectivity of DA neurons and their neurochemical identity are unknown. An emerging literature suggests that neuroligins, trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules, regulate both DA neuron connectivity and neurotransmission. However, the contribution of their major interaction partners, neurexins (Nrxns), is unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Nrxns regulate DA neuron neurotransmission. Mice with conditional deletion of all Nrxns in DA neurons (DAT::NrxnsKO) exhibited normal basic motor functions. However, they showed an impaired locomotor response to the psychostimulant amphetamine. In line with an alteration in DA neurotransmission, decreased levels of the membrane DA transporter (DAT) and increased levels of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) were detected in the striatum of DAT::NrxnsKO mice, along with reduced activity-dependent DA release. Strikingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed an increase of GABA co-release from DA neuron axons in the striatum of these mice. Together, these findings suggest that Nrxns act as regulators of the functional connectivity of DA neurons.
Characterizing the blood microbiota of omnivorous and frugivorous bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Casanare, eastern Colombia
Authors: Luna Nicolas , Muñoz Marina , Castillo-Castañeda Adriana , Hernandez Carolina , Urbano Plutarco , Shaban Maryia , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Ramírez Juan David
Published: July 2023

Bats are known reservoirs of seemingly-innocuous pathogenic microorganisms (including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa), which are associated with triggering disease in other zoonotic groups. The taxonomic diversity of the bats’ microbiome is likely associated with species-specific phenotypic, metabolic, and immunogenic capacities. To date, few studies have described the diversity of bat blood microbial communities. Then, this study used amplicon-based next generation sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S-rRNA gene in blood samples from omnivorous (n = 16) and frugivorous (n = 9) bats from the department of Casanare in eastern Colombia. We found the blood microbiota in bats to be composed of, among others, Bartonella and Mycoplasma bacterial genera which are associated with various disease phenotypes in other mammals. Furthermore, our results suggest that the bats’ dietary habits might determine the composition and the persistence of some pathogens over others in their bloodstream. This study is among the first to describe the blood microbiota in bats, to reflect on co-infection rates of multiple pathogens in the same individual, and to consider the influence of diet as a factor affecting the animal’s endogenous microbial community.
The Challenges for Regulating Medical Use of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models
Authors: Minssen Timo , Vayena Effy , Cohen I. Glenn
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how regulators across the world should approach the legal and ethical challenges, including privacy, device regulation, competition, intellectual property rights, cybersecurity, and liability, raised by the medical use of large language models.
Forecasting Retirement in Pediatric Ophthalmology
Authors: Ali Arsalan Akbar , Healy Jack , Chauhan Muhammad Z. , Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Kakkilaya Akash , Kalva Praneeth , Phillips Paul H.
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study uses a forecasting model to assess the potential loss of pediatric ophthalmology care in the US due to potential ophthalmologist retirement.
Hearing Loss and Fatigue in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Jiang Kening , Spira Adam P. , Lin Frank R. , Deal Jennifer A. , Reed Nicholas S.
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study uses data from audiometry to assess the association of fatigue with age-related hearing loss.
Expression of circular RNAs in myelodysplastic neoplasms and their association with mutations in the splicing factor gene SF3B1
Authors: Trsova Iva , Hrustincova Andrea , Krejcik Zdenek , Kundrat David , Holoubek Aleš , Staflova Karolina , Janstova Lucie , Vanikova Sarka , Szikszai Katarina , Klema Jiri , Rysavy Petr , Belickova Monika , Kaisrlikova Monika , Vesela Jitka , Cermak Jaroslav , Jonasova Anna , Dostal Jiri , Fric Jan , Musil Jan , Dostalova Merkerova Michaela
Published: July 2023

Mutations in the splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) gene are frequent in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). Because the splicing process is involved in the production of circular RNAs (circRNAs), we investigated the impact of SF3B1 mutations on circRNA processing. Using RNA sequencing, we measured circRNA expression in CD34+ bone marrow MDS cells. We defined circRNAs deregulated in a heterogeneous group of MDS patients and described increased circRNA formation in higher‐risk MDS. We showed that the presence of SF3B1 mutations did not affect the global production of circRNAs; however, deregulation of specific circRNAs was observed. Particularly, we demonstrated that strong upregulation of circRNAs processed from the zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) transcription factor; this upregulation was exclusive to SF3B1‐mutated patients and was not observed in those with mutations in other splicing factors or other recurrently mutated genes, or with other clinical variables. Furthermore, we focused on the most upregulated ZEB1‐circRNA, hsa_circ_0000228, and, by its knockdown, we demonstrated that its expression is related to mitochondrial activity. Using microRNA analyses, we proposed miR‐1248 as a direct target of hsa_circ_0000228. To conclude, we demonstrated that mutated SF3B1 leads to deregulation of ZEB1‐circRNAs, potentially contributing to the defects in mitochondrial metabolism observed in SF3B1‐mutated MDS.
C‐Terminal Domain Controls Protein Quality and Secretion of Spider Silk in Tobacco Cells
Authors: Thagun Chonprakun , Suzuki Tomohiro , Kodama Yutaka , Numata Keiji
Published: July 2023

The remarkable mechanical strength and extensibility of spider dragline silk spidroins are attributed to the major ampullate silk proteins (MaSp). Although fragmented MaSp molecules have been extensively produced in various heterologous expression platforms for biotechnological applications, complete MaSp molecules are required to achieve instinctive spinning of spidroin fibers from aqueous solutions. Here, a plant cell‐based expression platform for extracellular production of the entire MaSp2 protein is developed, which exhibits remarkable self‐assembly properties to form spider silk nanofibrils. The engineered transgenic Bright‐yellow 2 (BY‐2) cell lines overexpressing recombinant secretory MaSp2 proteins yield 0.6–1.3  µg L−1 at 22 days post‐inoculation, which is four times higher than those of cytosolic expressions. However, only 10–15% of these secretory MaSp2 proteins are discharged into the culture media. Surprisingly, expression of functional domain‐truncated MaSp2 proteins lacking the C‐terminal domain in transgenic BY‐2 cells increases recombinant protein secretion incredibly, from 0.9 to 2.8 mg L−1 per day within 7 days. These findings demonstrate significant improvement in the extracellular production of recombinant biopolymers such as spider silk spidroins using plant cells. In addition, the results reveal the regulatory roles of the C‐terminal domain of MaSp2 proteins in controlling their protein quality and secretion.
Characterizing On‐Chip Angiogenesis Induction in a Microphysiological System as a Functional Measure of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Bioactivity
Authors: Lam Johnny , Yu James , Lee Byungjun , Campagna Courtney , Yoo Sanghee , Baek Kyusuk , Jeon Noo Li , Sung Kyung E.
Published: July 2023

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) continue to be proposed for clinical investigation to treat myriad diseases given their purported potential to stimulate endogenous regenerative processes, such as angiogenesis. However, MSC functional heterogeneity has hindered clinical success and still poses a substantial manufacturing challenge from a product quality control perspective. Here, a quantitative bioassay based on an enhanced‐throughput is described, microphysiological system (MPS) to measure the specific bioactivity of MSCs to stimulate angiogenesis as a potential measure of MSC potency. Using this novel bioassay, MSCs derived from multiple donors at different passages are co‐cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells and exhibit significant heterogeneity in angiogenic potency between donors and cell passage. Depending on donor source and cellular passage number, MSCs varied in their ability to stimulate tip cell dominant or stalk cell dominant phenotypes in angiogenic sprout morphology which correlated with expression levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). These findings suggest that MSC angiogenic bioactivity may be considered as a possible potency attribute in MSC quality control strategies. Development of a reliable and functionally relevant potency assay for measuring clinically relevant potency attributes of MSCs will help to improve consistency in quality and thereby, accelerate clinical development of these cell‐based products.
Microscopic Analysis of Continuous Fiber 3D Printing with Oblique Axis for Process Optimization
Authors: Feng Zhang , Yixuan Hou , Bowen Li , Peng Jin
Published: July 2023

This article presents a self‐developed continuous fiber 3D printing device that incorporates a tilted printing axis. By positioning the print nozzle axis at an obtuse angle to the printing plane, the device effectively prevents the common issue of fiber damage during the 90° extrusion of continuous fibers. This improvement is substantiated through tensile strength experiments. Additionally, the pretreatment stage includes the twisting of continuous fibers to enhance friction along their length. This twisting process enables better retention of the matrix during impregnation, thereby improving impregnation performance. The cross‐section of the printed sample is observed by scanning electron microscope, and the microscopic effects of different process parameters on the continuous fiber structure are analyzed. Consequently, a link from process parameters to the mechanical properties of continuous fiber 3D printed specimens is established. This link serves as a foundation for predicting and optimizing the properties of continuous fiber‐reinforced materials.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon with Controllable Mesopore Sizes for Low‐Pt Fuel Cells
Authors: Huang Qirui , Hu Linyu , Chen Xianchun , Cai Wenjun , Wang Lu , Wang Bo
Published: July 2023

Mesoporous structure of carbon materials plays an important role in electrocatalyst design. Constructing carbon supports with tunable mesopores has long been a challenge. Herein, the elaborate regulation of mesopores in N‐doped carbon materials is reported by pyrolyzing energetic metal‐triazolate (MET) frameworks with different particle sizes and at different ramp rates. Higher thermal transfer rates brought about by smaller particle size and higher ramp rate lead to more violent decomposition with a large number of gases producing, which in turn result in larger mesopores in the derivatives. Consequently, a series of N‐doped carbon materials with controllable mesopores are obtained. As a proof‐of‐concept, ultrafine Pt nanoparticles are enveloped inside these mesopores to acquire high‐performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. The optimized catalyst achieves high mass activity of 1.52 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 ViR‐free and peak power density of 0.8 W cm−2 (H2‐Air) with an ultralow Pt loading of 0.05 mgPt cm−2 at cathode in fuel cells, highlighting the great advantages of MET‐derived carbon materials with controllable mesopores in the preparation of advanced electrocatalysts.
3D Nanocellulose Matrix Enhancing the Lithiation Dynamics of FePS3 Anode
Authors: Xiao Zhe , Dai Xiangyu , Jiang Dongting , Xie Honggui , Liu Xueping , Wu Mingli , Liu Dongming , Li Yun , Qian Zhengfang , Wang Renheng
Published: July 2023

2D layered FePS3 is an anode material with high energy density for lithium‐ion batteries. Here, a simple and effective vacuum filtration method is used to successfully synthesize nanocellulose (NC) and FePS3 into a FePS3‐NC electrode with a 3D network structure. Based on the detailed structural characterization, electrochemical testing, and density functional theory, the relationship between NC and FePS3 materials in the lithium storage process is established from the perspective of lithium ions dynamics. The results display that NC can effectively decrease the adsorption energy of FePS3 materials, promote the construction of a 3D network structure, and form flexible FePS3‐NC electrodes. In addition, the migration path of lithium ions in the FePS3‐NC system is more inclined to the Y‐axis, and the migration barrier is also significantly reduced from 0.7714 to 0.4245 eV, which significantly improves the migration speed of lithium ions and the battery capacity. Therefore, the results of this study are conducive to further understand the dynamic mechanism of NC promoting rapid lithium storage in FePS3 materials and can provide good guidance for the study of flexible electrodes.
Skin‐Inspired Nanofluid‐Filled Surfaces with Tunable Icephobic, Photothermal, and Energy Absorption Properties
Authors: Zarasvand Kamran Alasvand , Nazemi Amir , Lahiri Sudip Kumar , Tetreault Adam , Milani Abbas S. , Bender Timothy P. , Golovin Kevin
Published: July 2023

Ice buildup can significantly and negatively impact system performance in various industrial sectors, and has remained a persistent challenge for decades. Many compliant materials exhibit excellent de‐icing performance but are easily eroded by impacts from supercooled water droplets, sand, dust, and debris. A composite panel inspired by animal skin, consisting of a facesheet protecting a nanofluid layer beneath, which exhibits durable anti‐icing and tunable photothermal properties is proposed. The viscous liquid layer beneath the facesheet increases flexural rigidity, preventing large deflections and increasing deformation resistance, which alters ice's adhesion to the surface. The non‐uniform fluid pressure exerted by the viscous nanofluid‐filled composite panels facilitates ice detachment, resulting in ice adhesion strengths as low asτice ≈ 10 kPa. Further, by altering the fluid properties, different additional functionalities can be endowed to the system. Incorporating fumed silica in a fluid‐filled composite panel results in rheopectic behavior, and this doubles their impact resistance when the shear thickening properties are properly tuned. Additionally, the combination of a transparent facesheet and a solar light absorbent nanofluid allows for tunable photothermal properties, further enhancing the anti‐icing performance of the system. This durable and tunable nanofluid‐filled composite panel shows great promise as a multifunctional de‐icing material.
Unraveling the Solvation Structure and Electrolyte Interface through Carbonyl Chemistry for Durable and Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode
Authors: Cao Heng , Zhang Xiaoqin , Xie Bin , Huang Xiaomin , Xie Fengyu , Huo Yu , Zheng Qiaoji , Zhao Ruyi , Hu Qiang , Kang Ling , Liu Shude , Lin Dunmin
Published: July 2023

Aqueous Zn ion batteries are appealing systems owing to their safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness; however, their practical applicability is impeded by the growth of Zn dendrites and side reactions. Herein, a dual‐functional electrolyte additive, namely acetylacetone (AT) is utilized for the simultaneous regulation of the solventized structure and anode–electrolyte interface (AEI) to achieve a durable, dendrite‐free Zn anode. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveal that the AT molecule can be adsorbed onto Zn metal surface to reconstruct the AEI and allow for the primordial desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ at locations away from the surface of the Zn anode during deposition, which is attributed to the strong polarity of the carbonyl functional group. In addition, the two carbonyls of AT can replace two H2O molecules in the primary solventized structure of Zn2+ to reduce the number of active H2O molecules, efficiently suppressing Zn dendrite growth and detrimental reactions. As a proof of concept, a Zn//Cu cell is constructed in ZnSO4 containing 3 vol.% AT electrolyte, delivering stable cycling over 1800 cycles while maintaining a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.74%. This study provides a practical approach for inhibiting dendrite growth and side reactions by harnessing carbonyl chemistry.
Magnetization Control of Zero‐Field Intrinsic Superconducting Diode Effect
Authors: Narita Hideki , Ishizuka Jun , Kan Daisuke , Shimakawa Yuichi , Yanase Youichi , Ono Teruo
Published: July 2023

The superconducting diode effect (SDE), which causes a superconducting state in one direction and a normal‐conducting state in another, has significant potential for developing ultralow power consumption circuits and non‐volatile memory. However, the practical control of the SDE necessities the precise tuning of current, temperature, magnetic field, or magnetism. Therefore, the mechanisms of the SDE must be understood to develop novel materials and devices capable of realizing the SDE under more controlled and robust conditions. This study demonstrates an intrinsic zero‐field SDE with an efficiency of up to 40% in Fe/Pt‐inserted non‐centrosymmetric Nb/V/Ta superconducting artificial superlattices. The polarity and magnitude of the zero‐field SDE are controllable by the direction of magnetization, indicating that the effective exchange field acts on Cooper pairs. Furthermore, the first‐principles calculation indicates that the SDE can be enhanced by an asymmetric configuration of proximity induced magnetic moments in superconducting layers, which induces a magnetic toroidal moment. This study has important implications regarding the development of novel materials and devices that can effectively control the SDE. Moreover, the magnetization control of the SDE is expected to aid in the designing of superconducting quantum devices and establishing a material platform for topological superconductors.
Investigation of Performance Difference between Photo‐Charging and Conventional Constant Current Charging for Energy Storage Batteries
Authors: Li Jishen , Jing Shenghao , Cheng Simin , Chen Wangxian , Lai Yanqing , Tian Zhongliang , Jiang Liangxing , Zhang Zongliang , Liu Fangyang
Published: July 2023

Solar cells offer clean and abundant power sources for directly photo‐charging rechargeable batteries, which shows great potential for the development of integrated power supply. In order to deepen the understanding of the novel type of charging process, this research takes silicon solar cells and lithium cobalt oxide batteries as examples to compare the performance difference between photo‐charging and conventional constant current charging in detail. Surprisingly, the photo‐charging turns out to be superior in charging efficiency, polarization mitigation, and cyclic performance even with the intrinsic instability of the solar cells when compared with constant current charging mode. Finally, this research optimizes the calculation method of energy storage efficiency in the integrated power supply by calculating the actual power during the photo‐charging process by recording the voltage and current change with time. Besides, the power matching degree is quantified by the ratio of to η1, providing new ideas for the matching method of solar cells and rechargeable batteries in integrated power supplies.
CRIP1 Reshapes the Gastric Cancer Microenvironment to Facilitate Development of Lymphatic Metastasis
Authors: Wu Zhonghua , Qu Bicheng , Yuan Minxian , Liu Jingjing , Zhou Cen , Sun Mingwei , Guo Zhexu , Zhang Yaqing , Song Yongxi , Wang Zhenning
Published: July 2023

Lymphangiogenesis in tumors provides an auxiliary route for cancer cell invasion to drainage lymph nodes, facilitating the development of lymphatic metastasis (LM). However, the mechanisms governing tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic permeability in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. Here, the unprecedented role and mechanism of cysteine‐rich intestinal protein‐1 (CRIP1) in mediating the development of GC LM is uncovered. A series of assays are performed to identify downstream targets of CRIP1, and rescue experiments are performed to confirm the effects of this regulatory axis on LM. CRIP1 overexpression facilitates LM in GC by promoting lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel permeability. CRIP1 promotes phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element binding protein 1(CREB1), which then mediates vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) expression necessary for CRIP1‐induced lymphangiogenesis and transcriptionally promotes C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression. CCL5 recruits macrophages to promote tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) secretion, eventually enhancing lymphatic permeability. The study highlights CRIP1 regulates the tumor microenvironment to promote lymphangiogenesis and LM in GC. Considering the current limited understanding of LM development in GC, these pathways provide potential targets for future therapeutics.
Enhancing the Cycle Life of Lithium‐Anode‐Free Batteries through Polydopamine‐Coated Substrates
Authors: Ponraj Rubha , Dai Xinchen , Kim Dong Gyu , Kim Do Kyung , Kim Dong Jun
Published: July 2023

Anode‐free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) show promise as a means of further enhancing the energy density of current lithium‐ion batteries, as they do not require conventional graphite anodes. The anode‐free configuration, however, suffers from inferior chemical stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and experiences inhomogeneous lithium deposition during charge/discharge processes, resulting in rapid capacity fading. To address these issues, a carbonized polydopamine (CPD) coating is applied to the copper current collector. The CPD‐coated copper current collector promotes highly efficient and reversible lithium plating and stripping processes, resulting in a densely packed lithium deposition that significantly improves cycling stability. The anode‐free full cell, consisting of CPD‐coated copper current collector and a LiFePO4 cathode, demonstrates significantly improved electrochemical performance, with a capacity retention of more than 63% after 100 cycles at a current rate of 0.3C. The stability of the SEI layer and the presence of lithiophilic sites are verified through a range of techniques, including optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Based on these collective findings, it can be inferred that the use of CPD coating provides a simple way to enhance the electrochemical performance of AFLMBs.
Catalytic Alkyne Semihydrogenation with Polyhydride Ni/Ga Clusters
Authors: Muhr Maximilian , Liang Hao , Allmendinger Lars , Bühler Raphael , Napoli Fabrizio E. , Ukaj Dardan , Cokoja Mirza , Jandl Christian , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Gemel Christian , Fischer Roland A.
Published: July 2023

The bimetallic, decanuclear Ni3Ga7‐cluster of the formula [Ni3(GaTMP)3(μ2‐GaTMP)3(μ3‐GaTMP)] (1, TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl) reacts reversibly with dihydrogen under the formation of a series of (poly‐)hydride clusters 2. Low‐temperature 2D NMR experiments at −80 °C show that 2 consist of a mixture of a di‐ (2Di), tetra‐ (2Tetra) and hexahydride species (2Hexa). The structures of 2Di and 2Tetra are assessed by a combination of 2D NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The cooperation of both metals is essential for the high hydrogen uptake of the cluster. Polyhydrides 2 are catalytically active in the semihydrogenation of 4‐octyne to 4‐octene with good selectivity. The example is the first of its kind and conceptually relates properties of molecular, atom‐precise transition metal/main group metal clusters to the respective solid‐state phase in catalysis.
The first full body diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography dataset and teaching materials for a member of the Testudines
Authors: Gray Jaimi A. , Gignac Paul M. , Stanley Edward L.
Published: July 2023

Diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced Computed Tomography (diceCT) is now a widely used technique for imaging metazoan soft anatomy. Turtles present a particular challenge for anatomists; gross dissection is inherently destructive and irreversible, whereas their near complete shell of bony plates, covered with keratinous scutes, presents a barrier for iodine diffusion and significantly increases contrast‐enhanced CT preparation time. Consequently, a complete dataset visualizing the internal soft anatomy of turtles at high resolution and in three dimensions has not yet been successfully achieved. Here we outline a novel method that augments traditional diceCT preparation with an iodine injection technique to acquire the first full body contrast‐enhanced dataset for the Testudines. We show this approach to be an effective method of staining the soft tissues inside the shell. The resulting datasets were processed to produce anatomical 3D models that can be used in teaching and research. As diceCT becomes a widely employed method for nondestructively documenting the internal soft anatomy of alcohol preserved museum specimens, we hope that methods applicable to the more challenging of these, such as turtles, will contribute toward the growing stock of digital anatomy in online repositories.
“Where is the spleen? Where are the lungs?”—An investigation of the level of anatomical knowledge of the Hong Kong public
Authors: Cheung Rocky Chun Chung , Chen Bixia , Ho Cheuk Chun Joseph , Tipoe George L. , Yang Jian
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the level of anatomical knowledge of the Hong Kong public and uses the data to help suggest public engagement activities and health campaigns to raise health literacy in the general population. In the annual public engagement event organized by the University of Hong Kong, 250 attendees took a survey assessing basic anatomical knowledge by putting organs/structures in their correct positions. Description analysis, correlation analysis, independent sample t‐test, and one‐way ANOVA analysis were conducted by SPSS 27.0. Overall, a mean score of 6.5 out of 20 was achieved. Differences between various demographic parameters were analyzed, and the results showed that better performance on the survey was associated with younger age, higher educational levels, and having healthcare experience. There was also a statistically significant difference in correctly positioning the thyroid between males and females. Interestingly, some misconceptions were thought to arise from the bespoke use of the Chinese language in the survey. The data reflected room for improvement in the level of anatomical knowledge among the public, notably in the older age groups. This was attributed partially to a lack of public outreach initiatives and established anatomy‐focused programs, which has restricted public exposure to anatomical knowledge and hindered the development of anatomical sciences in Hong Kong. In conclusion, the knowledge of the public on the human body needs to be improved and possible solutions to improve public awareness of health were raised.