bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Infrared Emission from Silver Chalcogenide Quantum Dots Through Microcavity Coupling
Authors: Makke Lina , Bossavit Erwan , Mastrippolito Dario , Shcherbakov Andrei , Cavallo Mariarosa , Zhang Huichen , Gemo Tommaso , Colle Albin , Khalili Adrien , Hua Muchuan , Lafosse Xavier , Xu Xiang Zhen , Silly Mathieu G. , Pierucci Debora , Lhuillier Emmanuel , Diroll Benjamin T. , Degiron Aloyse , Ithurria Sandrine
Published: January 2025

Nanocrystals (NCs) appear as a promising platform for cost effective infrared optoelectronics, while offering a simplified coupling to the CMOS platform. However, this perspective is slowed down by toxicity concerns, the most effective materials being based on Pb and Hg. There is currently a large effort to bring forth new platforms that are active in the infrared with a reduced heavy metal content. Here, the focus is on silver chalcogenides, which, thanks to a combination of inter‐ and intraband transitions, is suited to cover both short and mid wave infrared ranges. However, this material being less mature, the achieved photoluminescence (PL) appears quite broad, which is problematic for device integration. Here, it is demonstrated that a strong control over the PL spectrum can be obtained through integration into a dielectric cavity that magnifies the electric field by a factor 20 and narrows the PL full width at half maximum down to 15 nm for an emission at telecom wavelength. The PL is also highly directional to avoid most waveguiding effects which is of utmost interest for enhancing the efficiency of NC‐based light emitting diodes.
High‐Performance Red OLEDs Enabled by an Organoboron‐Nitrogen‐Carbonyl‐Hybridized Multiresonant Emitter
Authors: Cheng Ying‐Chun , Walia Rajat , Zhang Tong‐Yuan , Wang Hui , Xiong Xin , Yu Jia , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Chen Xian‐Kai , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: January 2025

Organoboron‐nitrogen‐carbonyl‐hybridized (h‐BNCO) frameworks are emerging templates for developing high‐performance multiresonant (MR) emitters, but their potentials have not been fully explored. In this study, a novel red MR emitter, namely, h‐BNCO‐3, is developed by decorating two diphenylamine moieties onto a h‐BNCO MR skeleton (h‐BNCO‐2). Compared with the green backbone, h‐BNCO‐3 achieves a substantial emission redshift of 76 nm while retaining a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 45 nm (0.16 eV) in toluene. Moreover, the common advantages of integrating a carbonyl group in B/N‐based systems, e.g., significant nπ* contribution in the triplet manifolds, are obvious in h‐BNCO‐3. Thus, h‐BNCO‐3 obtained a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) of over 105 s−1. The optimized non‐sensitized organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on h‐BNCO‐3 achieved red emission with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.4%. Moreover, by further employing a phosphor as a sensitizer, the h‐BNCO‐3‐based OLED can reach an impressive EQE of 38.0%, which is among the best results of red MR‐OLEDs. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating carbonyl into organoboron‐nitrogen‐based frameworks with peripheral decorations for enhancing kRISC, offering new insights for developing high‐performance MR emitters based on h‐BNCO systems.
Tuning 1D Plasmonic Gap at Nanometer Scale for Advanced SERS Detection
Authors: Moghaddam Mahsa Haddadi , Sharma Sobhagyam , Park Daehwan , Kim Dai Sik
Published: January 2025

The “hotspots”, which are typically found in nanogaps between metal structures, are critical for the enhancement of the electromagnetic field. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a technique known for its exceptional sensitivity and molecular detection capability, relies on the creation of these hotspots within nanostructures, where localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) amplifies Raman signals. However, creating adjustable nanogaps on a large scale remains challenging, particularly for applications involving biomacromolecules of various sizes. The development of tunable plasmonic nanostructures on flexible substrates represents a significant advance in the creation and precise control of these hotspots. This work introduces tunable nanogaps on flexible substrates, utilizing thermally responsive materials to allow real‐time control of gap width for different molecule sizes. Through advanced nanofabrication techniques, uniform, tunable nanogaps are achieved over large areas of wafer scale, enabling dynamic modulation of SERS signals. This approach results in an enhancement factor of over ≈10⁷, sufficient for single‐molecule detection, with a detection limit as low as 10⁻¹2 m. The thermally tunable nanogaps provide a powerful tool for the precise detection of molecules and offer significant advantages for a wide range of sensing and analytical applications.
Organic Photoredox Catalytic Sulfonylation of Enaminones to Access 3‐Sulfonyl Chromones
Authors: Sun Jun , Wei Yu , Wang Wenjian , Lin Wen , Wang Chaodong , Zhou Jiadi , Wang Guan , Li Jianjun
Published: January 2025

Herein, we disclose a readily available phenothiazine derivative as an oxidizing organic photocatalyst, that serves to induce radical cascade sulfonylation/cyclization reaction of enaminones. A variety of 3‐sulfonyl chromones have been obtained with moderate to excellent yields. This catalytic platform proceeds under metal‐free conditions with a wide substrate scope and broad functional group compatibility, which unlocks the new reactivity of phenothiazine derivatives and adds significant synthetic values to O‐heterocycles.
Squamocin Suppresses Tumor Growth through Triggering an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐Associated Degradation of EZH2/MYC Axis
Authors: Zhu Yin , Liu Yurui , Wang Xiangtao , Chen Zhifeng , Chen Baojian , Hu Bingxin , Tang Tiane , Cheng Haoran , Liu Xinglong , Ning Yunshan
Published: January 2025

Despite substantial advances in the antitumor effects of annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs), the absence of a defined biological action mechanism remains a major barrier to their clinical application. Here, it is found that squamocin effectively depletes both EZH2 and MYC in multiple cancer cell lines, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and gastric and colorectal cancer, demonstrating potent efficacy in suppressing these in vivo tumor models. Through the combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) is identified as the direct binding target of squamocin. Mechanistically, squamocin disrupts mitochondrial respiratory Complex I function, reduces ATP production, and impairs HSP90α function, provoking endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). These intrinsic events within tumor cells enhance ER stress‐associated ubiquitylation and degradation by triggering ubiquitin via the E1 activase UBA6, facilitating ubiquitin transferring to E2 conjugate UBE2Z and increasing the activities of E3 ligase FBXW7 to degrade both EZH2 and MYC. The findings elucidate the role of squamocin in the degradation of oncoproteins EZH2 and MYC by triggering an ER stress‐associated UBA6‐UBE2Z‐FBXW7 ubiquitin cascade, providing insights that may accelerate therapeutic development targeting tumors driven by the EZH2/MYC axis.
Ultrathin High‐Efficiency Zener Diode Fabricated Using Organized ZnS Nanoparticles in Surface‐Grafted Poly(methacrylic acid) Matrix
Authors: Wieczorek Wojciech , Mazur Tomasz , Górka‐Kumik Weronika , Dąbczyński Paweł , Podborska Agnieszka , Bernasik Andrzej , Szuwarzyński Michał
Published: January 2025

Here, the fabrication method of ultrathin Zener diodes is presented utilizing a novel hybrid system of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles embedded within a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) matrix, surface‐grafted via ARGET‐ATRP polymerization. The controlled polymerization method facilitates precise control over layer thickness, while the in situ synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles ensures uniform coverage throughout the polymer matrix. The obtained hybrid systems with nanometric thickness (<40 nm) are characterized by diode conductivity with a clear breakdown characteristic of the Zener system. The obtained ultra‐thin layers on p‐doped silicon, in addition to their electrical characteristics, are studied using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to examine the structure and composition of a hybrid polymer‐nanoparticle system.
Clinical Relevance of ‘Cap’ and ‘Track’ Development after Recent Small Subcortical Infarct
Authors: Cheng Yajun , Arteaga‐Reyes Carmen , Clancy Una , Garcia Daniela Jaime , Valdés Hernández Maria Del C. , Thrippleton Michael J. , Stringer Michael S. , Blair Gordon W. , Wiseman Stewart , Chappell Francesca M. , Zhang Junfang , Liu Xiaodi , Jochems Angela C.C. , Maniega Susana Muñoz , Sakka Eleni , Bastin Mark E. , Brown Rosalind , Loos Caroline M.J. , Makin Stephen D.J. , Liu Ming , Wu Bo , Doubal Fergus N. , Wardlaw Joanna M. ,   MSS‐2, MSS‐3 and the INVESTIGATE‐SVDs Study Group
Published: January 2025

Objective

After a recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI), some patients develop perilesional or remote hyperintensities (‘caps/tracks’) to the index infarct on T2/FLAIR MRI. However, their clinical relevance remains unclear. We investigated the clinicoradiological correlates of ‘caps/tracks’, and their impact on long‐term outcomes following RSSI.

Methods

We identified participants with lacunar stroke and MRI‐confirmed RSSI from 3 prospective studies. At baseline, we collected risk factors, RSSI characteristics, small vessel disease (SVD) features, and microstructural integrity on diffusion imaging. Over 1‐year, we repeated MRI and recorded ‘caps/tracks’ blinded to other data. We evaluated predictors of ‘caps/tracks’, and their association with 1‐year functional (modified Rankin Scale score ≥2), mobility (Timed Up‐and‐Go), cognitive outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score <26), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (stroke/transient ischemic attack/incident infarct) using multivariable regression.

Results

Among 185 participants, 93 (50.3%) developed ‘caps/tracks’ first detected at median 198 days after stroke. ‘Caps/tracks’ were independently predicted by baseline factors: larger RSSI, RSSI located in white matter, higher SVD score, and higher mean diffusivity in normal‐appearing white matter (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}], 1.15 [1.07–1.25], 6.01 [2.80–13.57], 1.77 [1.31–2.44], 1.42 [1.01–2.03]). At 1 year, ‘cap/track’ formation was associated with worse functional outcome (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.28–8.22), slower gait speed (β: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01–0.25), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.05–4.02), but not with cognitive impairment.

Interpretation

‘Caps/tracks’ after RSSI are associated with worse clinical outcomes, and may reflect vulnerability to progressive SVD‐related injury. Reducing ‘caps/tracks’ may offer early efficacy markers in trials aiming to improve outcome after lacunar stroke. ANN NEUROL 2025
Mesoporous Single‐Crystal FeFe(CN)6 Microspheres for Superior Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Xu Yifan , Du Yichen , Song Lili , Zhang Shilin , Yuan Zeyu , Wang Jie , Liu Huining , Sun Liang , Zhou Xiaosi , Guo Zaiping
Published: January 2025

Metal hexacyanoferrates (HCFs), also known as Prussian blue analogues, are ideal cathodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their nontoxicity and cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, obtaining metal HCF cathode materials with both long‐term cycling stability and high rate performance remains a daunting challenge. In this study, we present mesoporous single‐crystalline iron hexacyanoferrate (MSC‐FeHCF) microspheres, featuring a single‐crystalline structure that contains interconnected pores spanning the entire crystal lattice. This unique architecture not only enables the electrolyte to fully penetrate into the single crystal, but also shorten the K+ diffusion distance. Additionally, the confinement effect of mesopores on interior water mitigates the excessive side reactions. The stress during battery cycling can be dispersed through multiple paths to alleviate the internal strain. The MSC‐FeHCF microspheres exhibit unprecedented long‐term cycling performance, achieving a specific discharge capacity of 123.5 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 and 87.1 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 500 mA g−1, providing 85.8 % of the initial capacity. More importantly, the MSC‐FeHCF microspheres exhibit high rate capability, delivering 86.7 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1. This study introduces an innovative strategy for engineering metal HCF cathode materials, thereby opening a novel avenue for the development of high‐efficiency electrode materials for PIBs.
Investigation of Organic Solvent Transport in NR‐NBR Blends Reinforced With Ferrite Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Hema S. , Anagha D. A. , Gayathri S. , Krishna Sruthi R. , Krishnan Sreedeep G. , Sreenath Radhika , Sambhudevan Sreedha
Published: January 2025

This research examines the transport of three commonly used laboratory solvents (hexane, toluene, and ethanol) with varying solubility parameters through a polymer blend nanocomposite membrane prepared by two‐roll milling. The primary objective was to evaluate how incorporating magnetically active ferrite influences the transport behavior of these solvents in natural rubber‐nitrile rubber (NR‐NBR) blends to enhance chemical resistance and control diffusion. The study revealed that ferrite reduced solvent absorption, diffusion, sorption, and permeation constants at lower loadings, with solubility differences significantly impacting transport properties. Morphological analysis confirmed that fillers reduced swelling coefficients by blocking solvent diffusion channels and improving reinforcement at lower loadings, as validated by cross‐link density. The influence of blend ratio, solvent molecule size, and ferrite content on aromatic and aliphatic solvent diffusion was analyzed, and the data supported the development of mathematical models to predict diffusion behavior and understand transport mechanisms.
Disturbance compensation‐based feedback linearization control for air rudder electromechanical servo systems
Authors: Xiong Si , Cheng Xuming , Ouyang Quan , Lv Chen , Xu Wenbo , Wang Zhisheng
Published: January 2025

The air rudder electromechanical servo system plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the aircraft. However, the immeasurable command output and the mismatched channel between input and unknown disturbance bring great challenges to its controller design. To tackle this issue, this study proposes a disturbance compensation‐based feedback linearization servo control strategy. This approach uses a radial basis function neural network‐based nonlinear observer to estimate the immeasurable command output and disturbance. Subsequently, a feedback linearization control algorithm is employed using these estimations to achieve disturbance compensation for the air rudder electromechanical system. Following the Lyapunov stability theorem, it is proved that the stability of the electromechanical servo system under the designed control algorithm can be guaranteed. At last, extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Unsettling subject English in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Elliott Victoria , McLean Davies Larissa
Published: January 2025

This paper uses examples from Australia and England to explore subject English with regard to the multiple metaphors inherent in the terms ‘settling’ and ‘unsettling’. In doing so we are concerned with imagining a future for a subject English curriculum which dislodges it from its imperial, colonial roots. In the first instance, we outline the existing approaches to unsettling English in England and Australia and the challenges and limitations of these approaches and strategies. We also discuss some of the structures and agents which are invested in maintaining the status quo: namely, curriculum and assessment; teacher practices and disciplinary norms; teacher knowledge and CPD; and student context and the purposes of English. We conclude with the implications for a systemic and multi‐layered approach to unsettling. We see this as an opening up of a comparative conversation about subject English across the Anglophone world, the different contexts of unsettling and what that subject might look like if it is to enact the justice imperatives of education in the twenty‐first century.
Mechanic Village Business Networks and Circular Economy Practices in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Ambituuni Ambisisi , Oyinlola Muyiwa , Ajala Olubunmi , Helen Sule , Esfahbodi Ali , Darrow Devon
Published: January 2025

The circular economy (CE) within the automotive industry has attracted the attention of business leaders, policymakers, and scholars in recognition of the negative impacts of the linear economy of ‘take, make, dispose’. In many developing countries, the absence of manufacturers and their approved service providers means that the automotive CE largely depend on informal micro‐level CE business actors. These business actors are mostly clustered in networked mechanic villages and provide micro‐level CE business opportunities. However, their micro‐level CE practices and business potentials has not been explored in the literature. This paper addresses this important gap by drawing on Network Theory to show how the network CE practices of these business actors contribute to waste reduction, resource conservation, and CE eco‐innovation. We also show a missing connection between the CE practices of these business actors and existing network business models that can be exploited for their benefit. We discuss our contribution in the context of the nuanced characteristics of the micro‐level CE practices and business potentials that emerge from the network of these business actors. Finally, we recommend that automotive industry CE policies focus on integrating the practices of these informal micro‐level CE business actors with macro and meso‐level approaches.
NaHSO3 as a Key Component in Developing Enhanced Performance Electrolytes for All‐Iron Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Concheso Alejandro , Barreda Daniel , González Zoraida , Álvarez Patricia , Menéndez Rosa , Blanco Clara , Rocha Victoria G. , Santamaría Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attractive electrochemical systems for large‐scale energy storage. Despite the most developed ones being those based on vanadium, the search for new chemistries is essential to overcome several problems associated with this metal identified as a critical raw material. All‐iron redox flow battery (A‐IRFB) is an interesting device due to iron abundance and worldwide distribution. However, the poor performance of its negative half‐cell, due to the sluggish plating/stripping processes related to the Fe2+/Fe0 redox pair, negatively impacts its energy efficiency and long‐term performance. Here, it is demonstrated that the addition of a low concentration of NaHSO3 (10 mM), as a novel additive, to an electrolyte formulation based on 0.5 M FeCl2, 3 M NaCl, and 10 mM citric acid (H3Cit) remarkably improves the electrochemical behavior of the negative half‐cell. The enhanced performance can be explained as the additive guarantees a low oxygen solution content (reductant agent), promotes the plating/stripping reactions (improving the kinetics of the Fe0 deposit through the formation of a FeHSO3+ complex), and diminishes the contribution of the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. The use of this key additive opens up a promising scenario for the development of A‐IRFBs with significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, thus boosting their potential commercial development.
Generalized Mathematical Modeling of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers Under Varying Excitation Amplitudes
Authors: Ding Hao , Zhang Jian , Wang Jin‐Ting
Published: January 2025

The tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) is an economical and highly efficient device for controlling structural vibrations. Existing research on TLCDs primarily focuses on scenarios where the maximum liquid displacement is less than the initial liquid depth, ensuring that the horizontal tube remains filled with liquid, excluding the presence of gas. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that under substantial external excitation amplitudes, a phenomenon that is not thoroughly encompassed within the confines of the classical TLCD model, the possibility of gas intrusion into the horizontal tube arises. This study develops a generalized theoretical model for TLCDs under varying excitation amplitudes. The developed theoretical model considers the following two working states: (1) no air presence in the horizontal segment, aligning with the classical TLCD model; and (2) air ingress on the left or right side of the horizontal tube. Accordingly, the proposed model encompasses the classical TLCD model as a special instance. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted for TLCDs, and the outcomes are meticulously compared with the predictions from the proposed theoretical model. It is confirmed that the proposed model works well in predicting the hysteretic behavior of the TLCD under different excitation amplitudes. Based on the proposed theoretical model, the effects of the length ratio (the ratio of the horizontal liquid column length to the total liquid column length) on the energy dissipation characteristics, as well as the impacts of the excitation intensity on the control efficiency, are comprehensively investigated. The results indicate that the ingress of gas into the horizontal tube has negative impacts on the TLCD performance. The reported findings hold significant implications for understanding the dynamic behavior of TLCDs under large amplitude excitations.
Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation‐Guided by Ultrasound in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Anna Luíza Soares de Oliveira , Pereira Lucas Carvalho , Cabral Thamiris Dias Delfino , Pasqualotto Eric , Scabello Isabela Fernandes , Rocha Mariele Pereira Bragante , de Moraes Francisco Cezar Aquino , Araújo Anna Luíza Damaceno , Kowalski Luiz Paulo
Published: January 2025

Background

Radiofrequency ablation guided by ultrasound (RFA‐USG) is an alternative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients. Despite showing accurate precision and minimal invasion, its efficacy remains questionable.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating RFA‐USG in PHPT patients. Statistical analysis was performed with R software, version 4.4.3.

Results

Eight studies were included with 208 patients with PHPT undergoing RFA‐USG treatment. After 3 months of treatment, parathyroid volume was 0.31 mL (0.16–0.61), Parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 60.71 pg/mL (53.87–68.42), and calcium level was 5.43 mEq/L (2.63–11.23). The occurrence of hoarseness among the patients was 4.4% (1.64–11.02).

Conclusion

RFA‐USG is safe for PHPT patients, with associated parathyroid volume reduction and decrease in PTH. However, further study is needed to compare RFA‐USG to the gold standard of surgery for PHPT.
When Neurodiversity and Ethnicity Combine: Intersectional Stereotyping and Workplace Experiences of Neurodivergent Ethnic Minority Employees
Authors: Gottardello Debora , Calvard Thomas , Song Ji‐Won
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the workplace experiences of 51 ethnic minority professionals who self‐identify as neurodivergent, focusing specifically on the impact of intersectional stereotyping within organizations in the United Kingdom and United States. Drawing on models of intersectional stereotyping, the research explores how neurodivergent employees' racial or ethnic minority backgrounds influence their self‐perceptions and experiences regarding prevailing stereotypes in professional environments. Semi‐structured interviews reveal that neurodiversity intersects with ethnicity, to either amplify or mitigate prevailing stereotypes during recruitment, performance evaluations, and career progression. Specifically, for Black and Latinx professionals, neurodiversity intensifies pejorative assumptions, reinforcing deficit stereotypes, while for Asian participants, neurodiversity can contradict the “model minority” stereotype. Neurodivergent behaviors are often seen as cultural mismatches with dominant norms, leading individuals to employ identity management strategies for professional advancement. This study extends general HRM diversity and neurodiversity research agendas by elucidating salient intragroup differences at this intersection, expanding intersectional stereotyping literature to include neurodiversity, and underscoring the practical need for integrated organizational inclusion initiatives that address the complex interrelationships between ethnicity and neurodiversity.
Effect of post application irrigation timing on fungicide efficacy of dollar spot on golf putting greens
Authors: Carpenter Matthew C. , Miller Gerald L.
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of the impact of post application (PA) irrigation or rainfall on performance of modern fungicide chemistries is lacking. Spring applications targeting soilborne diseases on putting greens require PA irrigation, which may impact control of foliar diseases such as dollar spot. In this study, four different fungicides with varying phytomobility and modes of action (fluazinam, mefentrifluconazole, pydiflumetofen, and prothioconazole) were applied to a golf course putting green to assess the effect of PA water application on foliar disease control. After fungicide application, 5.1 mm of water was applied to each treatment at four different timings (no water, immediate, 1 h, and 12 h) with an irrigation simulator. The study was replicated twice, once at the 12.8°C soil temperature threshold (May 1) and once when the Smith–Kerns Dollar Spot Prediction Model exceeded 25% probability (May 19). The impact of PA irrigation timing on fungicide efficacy for dollar spot control timing varied among the different fungicides and run timing. Effective fungicide chemistries applied earlier in the spring and applied during predicted favorable conditions for disease development both provided dollar spot control to June 25 and 27, respectively.
26‐Week Repeated‐Dose Toxicity Study of a Novel Antiarrhythmic Drug Sulcardine Sulfate in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Zhang Liangyu , Gu Leilei , Qiao Hongqun
Published: January 2025

Sulcardine sulfate (Sul) is a novel antiarrhythmic agent blocking multiple channels and exhibits unique pharmacological properties such as lower APD‐dependent prolongation and reduced arrhythmia risk. Sul is currently in Phase III clinical trials, yet studies on its long‐term toxicological profile and potential target organs remain unexplored. This study investigated the related toxicity of Sul in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats through repeated oral administration for 26 weeks, followed by a 4‐week recovery period. Consistent with the clinical intended mode of administration, Sul was administered via oral gavage at daily doses of 0, 175, 350, and 700/525 mg/kg in rats. On account of clinically observed body weight loss of male and female rats in the high‐dose group compared with the control group, with one female rat in the high‐dose group dying after 8 weeks of administration, the high dose was adjusted to 525 mg/kg. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in male rats significantly increased in the medium‐ and high‐dose groups, whereas female rats in these groups showed a significant rise in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, accompanied by varying degrees of weight gain in the liver and lungs. Additionally, brownish‐red pigment deposition was observed in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells across all dosing groups, along with foam cell deposition in the alveolar cavities. Concomitant toxicokinetics showed that the drug accumulated to some extent in the animals. Consequently, the liver and lungs were identified as potential target organs, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined to be 175 mg/kg.
Cyto‐Genotoxic Assessment of Sulfoxaflor in Allium cepa Root Cells and DNA Docking Studies
Authors: Liman Recep , Ali Muhammad Muddassir , İstifli Erman Salih , Ciğerci İbrahim Hakkı , Tınaz Ümran , Kırlangıç Sidal , Altay Nejla , Uğur Yudum Yeltekin
Published: January 2025

Sulfoxaflor (SFX) is an insecticide that is commonly used for the control of sap‐feeding insects. Since SFX is extensively applied globally, it has been implicated in the substantial induction of environmental toxicity. Therefore, in this study, Allium cepa roots have been employed to elucidate the potential cytogenotoxic effects of SFX in non‐target cells by examination of mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage. Physiological effects of SFX were evaluated by A. cepa root growth inhibition assay, while cytogenotoxic effects were assessed by A. cepa ana‐telophase and comet assay. Moreover, DNA binding affinity and binding mode of SFX were examined using molecular docking simulations to shed light on the genotoxic mechanism of action. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) on the growth of A. cepa cells calculated for SFX was found as 500 mg/L. Moreover, dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease in MI, increase in CAs (disturbed ana‐telophase, chromosomal laggards, stickiness, and anaphase chromosome bridge) and DNA damage were observed by the exposure of A. cepa root tips to SFX after 24‐, 48‐, 72‐, and 96‐h treatment periods. A 6‐bp double‐stranded DNA structure containing two intercalation sites (PDB ID: 1Z3F) was used for docking studies. According to DNA docking results, SFX exhibited an energetically more favorable binding affinity with DNA (ΔG = −5.05 kcal/mol) compared with the experimental mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (ΔG = −2.94 kcal/mol), and preferentially snugly fits into the minor groove of DNA possessing an intercalation gap, thus, providing valuable mechanistic data into the formation of chromosome aberrations and DNA fragmentation induced by this pesticide in A. cepa.
Sensory and chemical profiles of bread derived from the novel semi‐ and wholegrain flour enrichment of Triticum aestivum L. old genotypes with organic stinging nettle
Authors: Marotti Ilaria , Frassineti Elettra , Alpi Mattia , Dinelli Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Background

Bread made from refined Triticum aestivum L. flour, a staple food in large parts of the world, is considered a nutrient security risk. Strategies used to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of wheat‐derived food products include the use of semi‐ or wholegrain flour, old genotypes, and enrichment through fortification. Limited studies exist on biofortifying staples with neglected and underutilized species. The innovative approach of the present study was to combine all aforementioned strategies, which involved the enrichment of semi‐wholegrain and wholegrain bakery products derived from an organically cultivated mix of five T. aestivum soft wheat landraces (Andriolo and Gentil Rosso) and old varieties (Frassineto, Inallettabile, and Verna) with Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle [SN]), also cultivated under sustainable management.

Results

The organoleptic assessment showed that the enrichment of semi‐wholegrain and wholegrain traditional Italian bakery products with 3% SN was appreciated for the first time by free tasters representing the “health conscious” sector of the population. Moreover, the functional component content (fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antiradical activity) significantly exceeded that reported previously for refined flour.

Conclusion

Consumer acceptance of SN‐enriched wholegrain bakery products shows potential to meet the increased demand for fortified products, with the raw ingredients suited for cultivation under environmentally sustainable management practices.
Microbial community of Nongxiangxing daqu during storage: microbial succession, assembly mechanisms and metabolic functions
Authors: Zhou Yiyang , Li Yong , Dong Yi , Ma Shiyuan , Zhang Liqiang , Huang Ping , Wu Chongde
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The storage process of Nongxiangxing daqu is closely related to the quality of the daqu. The role of storage in daqu manufacture remains unclear, and most actual production relies on previous production experience.

RESULTS

With the extension of daqu storage over a period of time, saccharifying activity, liquefying activity, fermenting activity, and esterifying activity reached a peak when stored for 3 to 4 months. Analysis of the flavor compounds showed that 87 flavor components were detected in daqu, and esters and alcohols were the main flavor compounds found. Microbial community analysis suggested that Weissella was the dominant bacterial genus with relative abundance increasing during storage, while Thermomyces was dominant fungal genus with abundance decreasing during storage. Analysis of assembly processes revealed that bacterial assembly was primarily influenced by stochastic processes during storage, whereas fungal assembly was predominantly shaped by deterministic processes. The interactions among microbiota, flavor compounds, and physicochemical parameters were elucidated, suggesting that saccharifying activity was positively correlated with Weissella, Lactobacillus, Kodamaea and Wickerhamomyces, and most of esters were positively correlated with Pediococcus and Clavispora. Microbial community functions were also predicted, highlighting enzymes involved in carbohydrate degradation, flavor formation, and ethanol fermentation. Finally, simulated baijiu fermentation was performed by adding daqu stored for different times, and the results showed that daqu stored for 3 to 4 months was appropriate for baijiu brewing.

CONCLUSION

The results presented in this study may enhance understanding of the impact of storage on daqu quality and, consequently, help to improve it. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Functional alignment in robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformity achieves safe coronal alignment and excellent short‐term outcomes
Authors: Gregori Pietro , Koutserimpas Christos , Giovanoulis Vasileios , Batailler Cécile , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Functional alignment (FA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prioritizes soft tissue balancing and anatomical restoration without systematic correction to neutral alignment. Most studies have focused on varus deformity, with little evidence available about FA in valgus deformity. The hypothesis of the present study was that FA in robotic‐assisted TKA for valgus deformity would demonstrate correction of the coronal alignment and yield satisfactory short‐term outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective study included 58 patients with valgus coronal alignment (hip–knee–angle [HKA] ≥ 183°) who underwent robotic‐assisted TKA using the FA technique with a minimum of 1‐year follow‐up. Outcomes were assessed through the Knee Society Score (KSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and radiographic measurements of alignment and phenotypes. Complication and revision rates were also analyzed.

Results

The cohort included 39 females and 19 males with a median age of 70. Post‐operatively, 86.2% of cases achieved coronal alignment within the safe zone (HKA 177–183°). Significant improvements were observed in KSS (part 1: 69.5–95, part 2: 65–94, p < 0.001), while OKS and FJS exhibited optimal outcomes. Two complications were recorded: one aseptic loosening (1.7%) and one early infection (1.7%). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated favourable implant survivorship at a median follow‐up of 18 months.

Conclusion

FA in image‐based robotic TKA is a safe and effective approach for patients with valgus deformity. This procedure resulted in a modest correction of the coronal alignment, where no soft tissue releases were needed. The majority of the cases fell within the target coronal alignment boundaries by only accommodating the individual laxities, suggesting the aim of FA to restore each knee's pre‐pathological alignment.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Parallel Parking Path Planning and Trajectory Tracking in Narrow Environments for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Cheng Guangwei , Guo Zhanzheng , Karimi Hamid Reza , Lu Yanyang
Published: January 2025

To address the challenge of parallel parking in narrow environments, a multi‐segment path planning method is proposed for autonomous unmanned vehicles (AUVs), which integrates circular arc and dual clothoid curves, ensuring continuous path curvature and minimal longitudinal space occupancy. First, considering the narrow environmental constraints and the parameters of AUV, the planning for the preparatory phase path and the parking‐in phase path are completed, respectively. The role of the preparatory phase path is to guide the AUV to the target point, and the parking‐in phase path can guide the AUV into the target parking space. Then, by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a penalty function framework, a multi‐constraint nonlinear programming path function model is established to seek out the parking path. Subsequently, the pure pursuit (PP) algorithm is employed to control the movement of AUV along the planned path. Finally, the simulation result and real‐vehicle experiment are conducted, which show that the parking path planning method proposed in this article enables AUV to safely complete parking operations in the narrow environment.
Utilization of Low‐Dose Phentermine for Weight Loss Prior to Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, and Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Garcia Luis , Rivas Homero , Morton John
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Studies examining preoperative weight loss using pharmacotherapy in metabolic and bariatric patients are limited. The objective was to investigate if patients taking a low‐dose formulation of phentermine had improved weight loss.

Methods

This study was a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial including patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Anthropometric and serological data were collected during the initial consult visit and again during two follow‐up visits. Lomaira is a low‐dose formulation of phentermine. Patients took 8‐mg tablets three times a day for 14 weeks. The primary outcome of this study was weight loss, which was measured as percentage total weight loss (%TWL) and change in body mass index (BMI).

Results

Among 53 participants randomized, 45 (85%) completed the trial. Participants were predominantly female (91%); the mean age was 41 years (SD = 11); and the mean initial BMI was 48.4 kg/m2 (SD = 8.2 kg/m2). Average weight loss was 6.2 kg (SD = 6) in the treatment group versus 1.1 kg (SD = 4.54) in the placebo group (p = 0.001). Average % TWL was greater in treatment Group 4.7 ± 4.3 versus placebo Group 1.1 ± 3.6, p = 0.001. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative medication use was significantly associated with greater %TWL (p = 0.004). There was no difference in OR time or post‐operative complications between the groups.

Conclusions

Low‐dose phentermine is efficacious and safe for preoperative weight loss in patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery.
Mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological behavior of recycled polypropylene/pine needle biochar composite: An innovative approach towards circular economy
Authors: Hemlata
Published: January 2025

In order to accomplish an effective valorization of biochar derived from pine needle waste (PNW) as a potential filler to develop green composites based on waste polypropylene bottle flakes (wPP) explored through twin screw extruder and injection molding. A comprehensive analysis of the composites, including mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological were characterized and investigated. The best mechanical performance of wPP/biochar composite was obtained at 40 wt% biochar content and the tensile modulus was substantially enhanced by 97.30%, flexural modulus by 141.92%, flexural strength by 54.60% and compressive strength by 28.85% while the tensile strength and elongation at break reduced by 10.18% and 79.83% with respect to wPP. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that adding biochar enhanced the thermal stability of wPP/biochar. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the biochar increases the crystallinity of the wPP matrix and at 10 wt% biochar the highest crystallinity (66.72%) was achieved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images suggested the mechanical interlocking structure between biochar and wPP matrix. The complex viscosity, storage modulus, and viscous modulus are enhanced by incorporating biochar. Modified Cole–Cole plot and van‐Gurp plot suggested the restriction of polymer chain mobility in the presence of biochar.

Highlights

Reutilization of waste pine needles and waste plastic promotes the circular economy.

Biochar derived through the gasification process improved the mechanical properties of waste plastic composite.

Biochar enhanced thermal properties of composites.

SEM analysis reveals infiltration of a polymer chain in biochar pores.
Stressors, Achievement Motivation, and Academic Performance Among University Faculty in China: The Moderating Effect of Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Zhao Mao , Maat Siti Mistima , Azman Norzaini , Zheng En
Published: January 2025

This research scrutinizes the link between academic stressors (both challenge and hindrance types) and the academic performance of university faculty, while also considering the mediating role of achievement motivation. Furthermore, the study evaluates the moderating influence of faculty self‐efficacy on the relationship between these stressors and academic performance. The sample encompassed 7000 full‐time teachers from universities across Sichuan Province, China, with approximately 55% female participants and an average teaching experience of 13 years. Faculty academic stressors (challenge and hindrance stressors), achievement motivation, self‐efficacy, and academic performance were all assessed using self‐report techniques. The application of structural equation modeling revealed significant relationships between academic stressors (both challenge and hindrance types) and academic performance. Achievement motivation was found to entirely mediate the effects of academic stressors (challenge and hindrance stressors) on academic performance. In addition, the study underscored the moderating impact of self‐efficacy on the relationship between faculty academic stressors and academic performance. The significance of enhancing faculty academic performance through stress reduction, increased achievement motivation, and self‐efficacy is discussed.
Combined application of methyl jasmonate and Bacillus subtilisLLCG89 suppresses blue and green mold of lemon (Citrus limon L.)
Authors: Moosa Anam , Zulfiqar Faisal , Alshaharni Mohammed O. , Alwutayd Khairiah Mubarak , Alahmari Layla A , Alhelaify Seham Sater , Alharthy Ohud Muslat , Fayad Eman , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Baazeem Alaa , Alzayed Rasha M. , Alhajouj Sondos A. , Mahmood Tahir
Published: January 2025

Background

Bacillus species produce antimicrobial lipopeptides (LPs) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induces resistance in harvested fruits against postharvest pathogens. However, there is limited evidence of the combined efficacy of Bacillus LPs and MeJA to suppress postharvest diseases.

Results

This study presents the combined effect of Bacillus LPs and MeJA to suppress P. digitatum and P. italicum associated with green and blue mold of lemon. Eight Bacillus strains were screened in a direct antagonism plate assay, where Bacillus subtilis LLCG89 and B. atrophaeus HFZ23 exhibited the highest inhibition of both molds. Subsequently, in an in vitro assay, LPs extracted from LLCG89 demonstrated the highest antifungal activity against both pathogens compared to HFZ23. When combined with MeJA, LLCG89 LPs reduced the lesion diameter and disease incidence of blue and green mold on lemon fruit. Co‐application of MeJA and LLCG89 LPs decreased the levels of MDA, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage compared to single treatments and controls. Furthermore, treatment with MeJA and LLCG89 LPs increased the activities of defense enzymes including SOD, CAT, POD, PPO, CHI, GLU, APX, and PAL with peak activity between 48 to 72 h. The co‐application of MeJA and LLCG89 LPs showed the highest enzyme activity compared to the control. Postharvest quality analysis indicated that co‐application of LLCG89 LPs and MeJA showed little impact on fruit quality.

Conclusion

The findings of our study highlight the potential of Bacillus‐derived LPs and MeJA as effective tools for managing the Penicillium decay of lemons by maintaining fruit quality. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
The continuing significance of chiral agrochemicals
Authors: Jeschke Peter
Published: January 2025

Chemical crop protection is one of the most cost‐effective methods for agriculture, as crop failures can be prevented, and sustainable growth can be enabled regardless of the seasons. Agricultural production must be significantly increased in the future to meet the food needs of a growing world population. However, the continued loss of established active ingredients due to consumer perceptions, changing needs of farmers and ever‐changing regulatory requirements is higher than annually new active ingredients introduced to the market. The development of innovative active ingredients is therefore essential to continuously improve the selectivity, efficacy and favorable environmental profile of agrochemicals. Molecules with stereogenic centers can be considered here, as they often have different properties than non‐chiral molecules. Natural products and their congeners are still a valuable source of inspiration for chiral agrochemicals. However, only a few novel chiral agrochemicals are currently produced on an industrial scale as pure stereoisomers or in enriched form. As of 2018, around 43% of the 35 chiral products introduced to the market (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides) contain one or more stereogenic centers in the molecule, and almost 69% of them have been marketed as racemic mixtures of enantiomers or stereoisomers. Surprisingly, the proportion of chiral agrochemicals is in the same order of magnitude as in the time frame from 2007 to 2017 with around 42%, respectively. This report therefore provides an overview of the continued importance of chiral agrochemicals brought to market in the last 6 years and describes the inherent related challenges of modern agrochemicals through the management of key aspects arising from innovative crop protection products. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.