bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zur Geschichte der Geowissenschaften im Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin. Teil 3: Von A. G. Werner und R. J. Haüy zu C. S. Weiss – Der Weg von C. S. Weiss zum Direktor des Mineralogischen Museums der Berliner Universität
Authors: Hoppe G.
Published: June 2014

Der Berufung von C. S. Weiss an die Universität Berlin im Jahre 1810 gingen Entwicklungen voraus, die durch die Kristallographie des Franzosen R. J. Haüy, besonders durch dessen Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, ausgelöst wurden. Sie stehen mit der Übersetzung dieses Lehrbuchs im Zusammenhang und führten zur Qualifizierung von C. S. Weiss zum Mineralogen und Kristallographen sowie zur weiteren Entwicklung der Kristallographie innerhalb des Lehrgebäudes der Mineralogie. Den Anstoß gab der mit dem Berliner Mineralogen D. L. G. Karsten befreundete Geologe L. v. Buch, der die Kristallographie Haüys als Erster kennen lernte. Als dessen stark kristallographisch orientiertes Lehrbuch der Mineralogie erschien, entschloss sich Karsten, eine kommentierte Übersetzung desselben zu organisieren. Weiss, der hierfür gewonnen werden konnte, bildete sich zunächst an der Bergakademie Freiberg weiter aus, wobei er die Lehre des führenden Mineralogen A. G. Werner voll in sich aufnahm. Im Verlaufe der Mitarbeit an der Übersetzung gelangte Weiss gegenüber den atomistischen Vorstellungen Haüys zu Ansichten über die Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Kristallbaues. die sich auf Kants Naturphilosophie gründeten. Mit Haüy, den er in Paris näher kennen lernte, kam es deshalb zum Bruch. Seine "dynamische" Kristallographie baute Weiss mathematisch aus und vermochte bereits weit in die Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Kristallbaues einzudringen. Dadurch schuf er die Voraussetzungen für seine Berufung auf den für Karsten vorgesehenen Berliner Mineralogie-Lehrstuhl, der durch dessen frühen Tod frei wurde.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.20000030102x
A new teleost (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Early Jurassic Posidonia shale of Northern Germany
Authors: Arratia G. , Thies D.
Published: June 2014

A new teleostean genus and species, Paraleptolepis wiedenrothi, is described from the Lower Liassic of Germany. The fish has an overall similarity with Leptolepis coryphaenoides (from different Lower Liassic European localities) but differs from L. coryphaenoides in the presence of a few autapomorphies and also in the retention of several primitive features not present in L. coryphaenoides. Examples of autapomorphic characters are: two moderately large suborbital bones; preopercle triangular and with a notch at its posterior margin; large cleithrum with pronounced curvature anteriorly: pelvic axillary process formed by one small elongate bone; and long neural spines on preural centrum 1 and the ural centrum 1 + 2. Paraleptolepis n. gen. is more closely related to Leptolepis and extant teleosts than it is to Proleptolepis (from Lower Liassic localities). The new evidence supports the previous hypothesis that the family Leptolepididae sensu Nybelin is non-monophyletic. Several characters (e.g., concerning structure of vertebrae) that previously were accepted to have arisen at the phylogenetic level of Leptolepis coryphaenoides, are found also to occur in Paraleptolepis n. gen.

 Eine neue Teleosteergattung und -art. Paraleptolepis wiedenrothi. wird aus dem unteren Lias Deutschlands beschrieben. Der Fisch hat eine generelle Ähnlichkeit mit Leptolepis coryphaenoides (bekannt von verschiedenen europäischen Lokalitäten des unteren Lias), aber unterscheidet sich von L. coryphaenoides in einigen Autapomorphien und in der Beibehaltung mehrerer primitiver Merkmale, die in L. coryphaenoides nicht vorhanden sind. Beispiele autapomorpher Merkmale sind: zwei verhält-nismäßig große suborbitale Knochen; ein dreieckiges Präoperculum mit einer Einbuchtung am hinteren Rand: ein großes Cleithrum mit einer ausgeprägten vorderen Einbuchtung; ein Axillarfortsatz am Beckengürtel, der aus einem schmalen langen Knochen gebildet wird; und lange Neuralfortsätze auf dem präuralen Zentrum 1 und dem uralen Zentrum 1 + 2. Paraleptolepis n. gen. ist näher mit Leptolepis und lebenden Teleosteern verwandt als mit Proleptolepis (aus Lokalitäten des unteren Lias). Die neuen Ergebnisse unterstützen die frühere Hypothese, dass die Familie Leptolepididae sensu Nybelin nicht monophyletisch ist. Verschiedene Merkmale (z. B. Strukturen der Wirbel). die früher als auf der Evolutionshöhe von Leptolepis coryphaenoides entstanden angesehen wurden, treten bereits bei Paraleptolepis n. gen. auf.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.20010040111
Übersicht über die Sporenassoziationen (lepidophyta- bis pusilla-Zone) aus dem Unterkarbon der Bohrung Neuenkirchen 2/1973 (Insel Rügen, NE-Deutschland)
Authors: Burmann G.
Published: June 2014

Es wird die Sporenzonierung für das Tournai (einschließlich der Grenzschichten) der Bohrung Neuenkirchen 2/73 auf der Insel Rügen (NE-Deutschland) vorgelegt – von der lepidophyta-Zone var. minor-Subzone des Tnla des obersten Devons bis zur pusilla-Zone des tieferen Visé. Das Profit wird verglichen mit der Zonenabfolge aus der Bohrung Wiek 4/70 (Burmann 1975). Zur lepidophyta-Zone liegen vergleichbare Daten aus dem Harz vor (Burmann 1976).

 Die untersuchte Abfolge von Sporenzonen umfasst die lepidophyta-Zone mit der var. minor-Subzone (höheres Tnla); PA (pusillites-asperitis; Tn1b); NRH (nitidus-rarituberculatus-hederatus; Tn1b-Tn2); ND (nitidus-distinctus; Tn2); RM (rarituber-culatus-minutissimus; tieferes Tn3); CM (claviger-macra; höheres Tn3); Pu (pusilla; V1a+V1b; Obergrenze der Pu-Zone nicht erfasst). Die stratigraphische Einbindung der Sporenzonen erfolgte durch makrofaunistische Datierungen. Die Pu-Zone ist in beiden Bohrungen untergliederbar durch einen Horizont mit Gloeocapsamorpha.

 Lower Carboniferous spore assemblages (lepidophyta zone to pusilla zone) in the Neuenkirchen 2/1973 borehole of Rügen Island, NE Germany

 A spore zonation is given for the Tournaisian sequence of the Neuenkirchen 2/73 borehole on the island of Rügen (NE Germany). The deposits range from the lepidophyta zone var. minor subzone of the uppermost Famennian (Tnla) to the pusilla zone of the basal Viséan. The results are compared with the miospore zonation of the borehole Wiek 4 (Burmann 1975), and comparable dates for the lepidophyta zone from the Harz mountains (Burmann 1976).

 In ascending order the miospore zones examined are: lepidophyta zone with var. minor subzone (upper part of Tnla); PA (pusillites-asperitis; Tnlb); NRH (nitidus-rarituberculatus-hederatus; Tnlb-Tn2): ND (nitidus-distinctus; Tn2); RM (rarituber-culatus-minutissimus; lower part of Tn3): CM (claviger-macra; upper part of Tn3); Pu (pusilla; V1a+V1b; the upper boundary of the Pu zone is not determined). The stratigraphy of the spore zones is also compared with the macrofaunal data. The Pu zone in both boreholes is divided into two parts by a horizon with Gloeocapsamorpha.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.20010040104
Lebensspuren holzzerstörender Organismen an fossilen Hölzern aus dem Tertiär der Insel Lesbos, Griechenland
Authors: Süss H. , Velitzelos E.
Published: June 2014

Lebensspuren (Schadbilder) holzzerstörender Organismen an fossilen Holzresten aus dem Untermiozän von Lesbos (Griechenland) werden beschrieben. Von pflanzlichen Holzzerstörern konnten Bakterien, imperfekte Pilze, Weiß- und Braunfäulepilze und in das Holz eingewachsene Wurzeln nachgewiesen werden. Von tierischen Holzzerstörern wurden Termitenfraß, durch Pflanzensauger (Homopteren) verursachtes Wundgewebe, Larvenfraß der Kambium-Minierfliege Palaeophytobia (Agromyzidae, Diptera) und Fraßgänge mit Koprolithen verschiedener Käferarten (Anobiiden?) und Milben (Acari) gefunden. Außerdem werden durch Kristallisationsvorgänge im Holz verursachte kugelförmige Gebilde beschrieben.

 Traces of wood destroying organisms on fossil wood from the Lower Miocene of Lesbos (Greece) are described. Among nonanimal wood destroyers evidence is presented of bacteria, Fungi imperfecti, whiterot and brownrot fungus and penetrating roots. Animal wood destroyers include termite feeding traces, wound tissues produced by plant suckers (Homoptera), larval feeding traces of the cambium miner Palaeophytobia (Agromyzidae, Diptera) and feeding channels, with coprolites, of several beetle species (Anobiidae?) and Mites (Acari). In addition globe-like structures produced in the wood through crystallization processes are described.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.20010040105
Gravitational tolerance and size of Brachiosaurus brancai
Authors: Günther B. , Morgado E. , Kirsch K. , Gunga H.-C.
Published: June 2014

In an earlier study, Gunga et al. (1999) determined body size and body volume distribution by photogrammetry in sauropods from the Upper Jurassic in Tendaguru (Tanzania, East Africa). Specifically, they found a body mass of about 74400 kg for a specimen of Brachiosaurus brancai. By means of dimensional analysis and a theory of biological similarity, moreover, it was possible to estimate the numerical value of the allometric exponent (b = −0.17) for gravitational tolerance (Gmax) of animals living on earth, which changes with the body mass. This theoretical exponent is close to Economos' empirical finding (b = −0.14). Our results show that there remains an unsolved contradiction between the theoretical assumptions for Gmax for the body mass of the largest fully terrestrial animals.

 In einer vorangehenden Studie (Gunga et al. 1999) wurde mit Hilfe der Photogrammetrie die Körpermassen und Körpervolumenverteilung von jurassischen Sauropoden aus Tendaguru (Tansania, Ostafrika) ermittelt. Diese Bestimmungen ergaben für Brachiosaurus brancai eine Körpermasse von von ca. 74400 kg. Weitere Studien aus der vergleichenden Physiologie haben gezeigt, dass die Toleranz bei Schwerkraftbelastung (Gmax) mit der Körpermasse variert. Durch dimensionale Analyse und vergleichende Studien konnte ein allometrischer Exponent für die Toleranz bei Schwerkraftbelastung mit b = −0.17 für terrestrische Organismen bestimmt werden. Dieser theoretische Exponent kommt den empirischen Befunden von Economos (b = −0.14) nahe. Dennoch weisen diese vorliegenden Berechnungen damit auf einen Widerspruch bei den bislang vorhandenen theoretischen Überlegungen zur Gmax bei den grössten maximalen Körpermassen für terrestrisch lebende Organismen hin.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.20020050115
Ernst, Hans Ulrich & Rudolph, Frank (2002). Trilobiten weltweit. Die Welt der Dreilapper und ihr Spiegelbild in der Philatelie. Trilobites worldwide. The World of Trilobites and their Reflection in Philately. 118 pp., 173 figs.; Munich (Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil). ISBN 3-89937-003-1. £ 32,00
Authors: Hampe O.
Published: June 2014

No abstract is available for this article.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.20030060113
Gusti Christine Burmann 10. 11. 1938–27. 2. 2004
Authors: Mohr B. , Schultka S. , Schultze H.-P.
Published: June 2014

Am 27 Februar 2004 verstarb nach mehrwöchiger schwerer Krankheit unerwartet unsere Kollegin Gusti Burmann. Sie war eine enorme fleißige Person, streitbar und unbeugsam, aber auch diskussionsfreudig und zugewandt. Mit ihrer burschikosen Art und ihrem Berliner Humor war sie eine echte, weithin hörbare "Berliner Schnauze".

 doi:10.1002/mmng.20040070112
A new kentriodontid (Cetacea: Delphinoidea) from the Middle Miocene of Hungary
Authors: Kazár E.
Published: June 2014

Mediocris commenticius n. gen., n. sp. is herein described as a kentriodontid dolphin from the Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) of south Hungary, territory of the ancient Central Paratethys Sea. The type specimen is an incomplete skeleton including a distorted skull and mandibles with teeth, ear bones, elements of both flippers, and numerous vertebrae. Mediocris commenticius has a nasal bone morphology that differs from all delphinoid taxa, but is most similar to members of the Pithanodelphininae Barnes, 1985. The nasals are triangular, not inflated, have a faint anterolateral notch, and diverge posteriorly. On the basis of the nasal bone morphology, the new species shows affinities to Pithanodelphis, and is less derived than Atocetus and Sarmatodelphis. Due to the incompleteness of the cranial vertex of the type and only known skull, however, the species is only tentatively referred to the subfamily Pithanodelphininae.

 Mediocris commenticius n. gen., n. sp. wird als Kentriodontide aus dem Sarmatium (spätes Mittelmiozän) von Südungarn beschrieben, aus dem Gebiet des ehemaligen zentral-paratethyschen Meeres. Der Holotypus ist ein unvollständiges Skelett; erhalten sind der zusammengepresste Schädel, Unterkiefer mit Zähnen, Gehörknochen, Knochenelemente beider Brustflossen sowie zahlreiche Wirbel. Die Morphologie der Nasale der neuen Art unterscheidet sich von allen beschriebenen Taxa der Kentriodontidae, weist aber auf Verwandtschaft mit den Pithanodelphinen hin. Die Nasalia sind dreieckig, nicht extrem vergrößert, sie haben eine schwach ausgebildete anterolaterale Kerbe und sie divergieren in caudaler Richtung. Anhand der Morphologie der Nasale steht M. commenticius der Art Pithanodelphis cornutus nahe und ist weniger stark spezialisiert als Atocetus und Sarmatodelphis. Wegen der unvollständigen Erhaltung des cranialen Vertex ist Mediocris commenticius allerdings nur mit Vorbehalt in die Unterfamilie Pithanodelphininae einzuordnen.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.200410004
A brachiosaurid sauropod from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina
Authors: Rauhut O. W. M.
Published: June 2014

Fragmentary sauropod remains from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentinean Patagonia, are derived from a taxon of large size, but with very slender forelimbs. The characters of the caudal vertebrae, such as anteriorly placed neural arches, slender forelimbs, and large deltopectoral crest of the humerus indicate that this material represents the first brachiosaurid sauropod reported from South America. This occurrence confirms an almost global distribution of brachiosaurids in the Late Jurassic and thus indicates a rapid diversification and dispersal of this group after its origin, presumable in the late Middle Jurassic.

 Fragmentarische Sauropoden-Reste aus der oberjurassischen Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Tithon) in Chubut, argentinisches Patagonien, repräsentieren ein großes Taxon mit sehr schlanken Extremitäten. Die Charakteristika der Schwanzwirbel, wie etwa die vorne auf den Centra sitzenden Neuralbögen, schlanke Vorderextremitäten und der sehr gut entwickelte Deltopectoral-Kamm auf dem Humerus deuten darauf hin, dass es sich um den ersten Nachweis eines Brachiosauriden aus Südamerika handelt. Dieser Nachweis betont die offenbar fast globale Verbreitung dieser Gruppe im oberen Jura und deutet auf ein rasche Verbreitung und Diversifikation dieser Gruppe nach ihrer Entstehung, vermutlich im späten Mitteljura hin.

 doi:10.1002/mmng.200600010
A prototype framework for models of socio-hydrology: identification of key feedback loops and parameterisation approach
Authors: Elshafei Y. , Sivapalan M. , Tonts M. , Hipsey M. R.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. It is increasingly acknowledged that, in order to sustainably manage global freshwater resources, it is critical that we better understand the nature of human–hydrology interactions at the broader catchment system scale. Yet to date, a generic conceptual framework for building models of catchment systems that include adequate representation of socioeconomic systems – and the dynamic feedbacks between human and natural systems – has remained elusive. In an attempt to work towards such a model, this paper outlines a generic framework for models of socio-hydrology applicable to agricultural catchments, made up of six key components that combine to form the coupled system dynamics: namely, catchment hydrology, population, economics, environment, socioeconomic sensitivity and collective response. The conceptual framework posits two novel constructs: (i) a composite socioeconomic driving variable, termed the Community Sensitivity state variable, which seeks to capture the perceived level of threat to a community's quality of life, and acts as a key link tying together one of the fundamental feedback loops of the coupled system, and (ii) a Behavioural Response variable as the observable feedback mechanism, which reflects land and water management decisions relevant to the hydrological context. The framework makes a further contribution through the introduction of three macro-scale parameters that enable it to normalise for differences in climate, socioeconomic and political gradients across study sites. In this way, the framework provides for both macro-scale contextual parameters, which allow for comparative studies to be undertaken, and catchment-specific conditions, by way of tailored "closure relationships", in order to ensure that site-specific and application-specific contexts of socio-hydrologic problems can be accommodated. To demonstrate how such a framework would be applied, two socio-hydrological case studies, taken from the Australian experience, are presented and the parameterisation approach that would be taken in each case is discussed. Preliminary findings in the case studies lend support to the conceptual theories outlined in the framework. It is envisioned that the application of this framework across study sites and gradients will aid in developing our understanding of the fundamental interactions and feedbacks in such complex human–hydrology systems, and allow hydrologists to improve social–ecological systems modelling through better representation of human feedbacks on hydrological processes.
Inter-comparison of statistical downscaling methods for projection of extreme precipitation in Europe
Authors: Sunyer M. A. , Hundecha Y. , Lawrence D. , Madsen H. , Willems P. , Martinkova M. , Vormoor K. , Bürger G. , Hanel M. , Kriaučiūnienė J. , Loukas A. , Osuch M. , Yücel I.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Information on extreme precipitation for future climate is needed to assess the changes in the frequency and intensity of flooding. The primary source of information in climate change impact studies is climate model projections. However, due to the coarse resolution and biases of these models, they cannot be directly used in hydrological models. Hence, statistical downscaling is necessary to address climate change impacts at the catchment scale. This study compares eight statistical downscaling methods often used in climate change impact studies. Four methods are based on change factors, three are bias correction methods, and one is a perfect prognosis method. The eight methods are used to downscale precipitation output from fifteen regional climate models (RCMs) from the ENSEMBLES project for eleven catchments in Europe. The overall results point to an increase in extreme precipitation in most catchments in both winter and summer. For individual catchments, the downscaled time series tend to agree on the direction of the change but differ in the magnitude. Differences between the statistical downscaling methods vary between the catchments and depend on the season analysed. Similarly, general conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the differences between change factor and bias correction methods. The performance of the bias correction methods during the control period also depends on the catchment, but in most cases they represent an improvement compared to RCM outputs. Analysis of the variance in the ensemble of RCMs and statistical downscaling methods indicates that up to half of the total variance is derived from the statistical downscaling methods. This study illustrates the large variability in the expected changes in extreme precipitation and highlights the need of considering an ensemble of both statistical downscaling methods and climate models.
Uncertainty reduction and parameters estimation of a~distributed hydrological model with ground and remote sensing data
Authors: Silvestro F. , Gabellani S. , Rudari R. , Delogu F. , Laiolo P. , Boni G.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. During the last decade the opportunity and usefulness of using remote sensing data in hydrology, hydrometeorology and geomorphology has become even more evident and clear. Satellite based products often provide the advantage of observing hydrologic variables in a distributed way while offering a different view that can help to understand and model the hydrological cycle. Moreover, remote sensing data are fundamental in scarce data environments. The use of satellite derived DTM, which are globally available (e.g. from SRTM as used in this work), have become standard practice in hydrologic model implementation, but other types of satellite derived data are still underutilized. In this work, Meteosat Second Generation Land Surface Temperature (LST) estimates and Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) available from EUMETSAT H-SAF are used to calibrate the Continuum hydrological model that computes such state variables in a prognostic mode. This work aims at proving that satellite observations dramatically reduce uncertainties in parameters calibration by reducing their equifinality. Two parameter estimation strategies are implemented and tested: a multi-objective approach that includes ground observations and one solely based on remotely sensed data. Two Italian catchments are used as the test bed to verify the model capability in reproducing long-term (multi-year) simulations.
Climate change impacts on the seasonality and generation processes of floods in catchments with mixed snowmelt/rainfall regimes: projections and uncertainties
Authors: Vormoor K. , Lawrence D. , Heistermann M. , Bronstert A.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Climate change is likely to impact the seasonality and generation processes of floods in the Nordic countries, which has direct implications for flood risk assessment, design flood estimation, and hydropower production management. Using a multi-model/multi-parameter approach, we analysed the projected changes in flood seasonality and its underlying generation processes in six catchments with mixed snowmelt/rainfall regimes in Norway. We found that autumn/winter events become more frequent in all catchments considered which leads to an intensification of the current autumn/winter flood regime for the coastal catchments, a reduction of the dominance of spring/summer flood regimes in a high-mountain catchment, and a possible systematic shift in the current flood regimes from spring/summer to autumn/winter in catchments in northern and south-eastern Norway. The changes in flood regimes results from increasing event magnitudes or frequencies, or a combination of both during autumn and winter. Changes towards more dominant autumn/winter events correspond to an increasing relevance of rainfall as a flood generating process (FGP) which is most pronounced in those catchments with the largest shifts in flood seasonality. Here, rainfall replaces snowmelt as the dominant FGP. We further analysed the ensemble components in contributing to overall uncertainty in the projected changes and found that the climate projections and the methods for downscaling or bias-correction tend to be the largest contributors. The relative role of hydrological parameter uncertainty, however, is highest for those catchments showing the largest changes in flood seasonality which confirms the lack of robustness in hydrological model parameterization for simulations under transient hydrometeorological conditions.
Forecasting wind-driven wildfires using an inverse modelling approach
Authors: Rios O. , Jahn W. , Rein G.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. A technology able to rapidly forecast wildfire dynamics would lead to a paradigm shift in the response to emergencies, providing the Fire Service with essential information about the ongoing fire. This paper presents and explores a novel methodology to forecast wildfire dynamics in wind-driven conditions, using real-time data assimilation and inverse modelling. The forecasting algorithm combines Rothermel's rate of spread theory with a perimeter expansion model based on Huygens principle and solves the optimisation problem with a tangent linear approach and forward automatic differentiation. Its potential is investigated using synthetic data and evaluated in different wildfire scenarios. The results show the capacity of the method to quickly predict the location of the fire front with a positive lead time (ahead of the event) in the order of 10 min for a spatial scale of 100 m. The greatest strengths of our method are lightness, speed and flexibility. We specifically tailor the forecast to be efficient and computationally cheap so it can be used in mobile systems for field deployment and operativeness. Thus, we put emphasis on producing a positive lead time and the means to maximise it.
Education for Professional Engineering Practice
Authors: Bramhall Mike D. , Short Chris
Published: June 2014

This paper reports on a funded collaborative large-scale curriculum innovation and enhancement project undertaken as part of a UK National Higher Education Science, Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programme. Its aim was to develop undergraduate curricula to teach appropriate skills for professional engineering practice more effectively. Sheffield Hallam University (SHU) led the project with Loughborough and London South Bank Universities as partners. Project advisers included Imperial College London and Coventry University. The four collaborative project objectives were to: develop an approach to interdisciplinary cross-year integration and professional team practice, project management, learning, teaching and assessment; develop cross-year student support systems to aid the above; develop the assessment of professional skills; and evaluate and disseminate the project outcomes to the wider STEM community. The activity allowed partners to trial and test a rounded implementation in each institution involving academic taught material, practical laboratory-based project work, together with an appropriate support structure for operation across a range of undergraduate courses.
Graduate Entrepreneurship Incubation Environments
Authors: Al-Dajani Haya , Dedoussis Evangelos , Watson Erika , Tzokas Nikolaos
Published: June 2014

The benchmarking framework developed in this study is specifically designed for higher education institutions to consider when developing environments to encourage entrepreneurship among their students, graduates and staff. The objective of the study was to identify key success factors of Graduate Entrepreneurship Incubator Environments (GEIEs) that nurture, encourage and promote entrepreneurship in higher education. Semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in five leading UK entrepreneurial universities were used to collect data on GEIEs. The framework is a non-prescriptive tool which can be used by universities as a practical mechanism for plotting and monitoring progress towards an enabling environment for entrepreneurial graduates.
Knowledge Exchange between Universities and the Creative Industries in the UK
Authors: Ferguson Morag
Published: June 2014

The importance to the economy of knowledge exchange between universities and industry has long been recognized, and in the UK a number of initiatives are in place to support such activities. These initiatives have helped to stimulate engagement between universities and the creative industries, a sector of increasing importance to the UK economy. However, in contrast to other sectors, such as science and engineering, little has been published about the ways universities and the creative economy interact. In this paper a study designed to determine the characteristics of the modes of engagement which best support knowledge exchange between GCU and partners in the creative industries is described. A qualitative case study approach is employed, in which data are gathered through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The literature suggests that the culture of an institution, based on mission and history, and the communication networks which are in place to support engagement are likely to be important factors. The issues identified in the literature are explored in this study and interview responses are used to determine the practices that support and encourage successful engagement.
Entrepreneurship, Creativity and Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Papadourakis Giorgos M.
Published: June 2014

This special issue of Industry and Higher Education is devoted to a selection of papers, reviewed and revised for publication, from the Eighth International Conference on ‘New Horizons in Industry, Business and Education’ (NHIBE) held in Chania, Crete, Greece in August 2013. This introductory paper provides an overview of the conference, summarizes the most important presentations and offers some reflections on the conference outcomes.
Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Decomposition in Fecal Manure of Cattle Fed Browse/Maize Silages
Authors: Kato Habib , Mulebeke Robert , Bareeba Felix Budara , Sabiiti Elly Nyambobo
Published: June 2014

Soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) decomposition in fecal manure of cattle fed browses of Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus), Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) browse/maize silage mixtures and maize (Zea mays) silage alone when applied to the soil were investigated in a pot experiment in comparison to the corresponding silages fed. Maize silage alone had the lowest N and a larger C: N ratio, making it a poor quality compost when applied to the soil, but compared to the browse/maize silage mixtures it had the highest level of soluble N as non-protein nitrogen (NPN) which makes much of its N available for soil microbial decomposition of its organic C. Calliandra browse/maize silage mixture had the highest level of fiber-bound N (ADFN), which reduces N availability for soil microbial decomposition of its organic C in spite of its high N content and a narrower C: N ratio. Fecal manure from maize silage alone had a lower level of N and a wider C: N ratio than fecal manure from the other silages fed which would affect its decomposition in the soil, but it had the lowest level of ADFN and much of its N is made available for soil microbial decomposition of its organic C. Soil samples after 12 weeks of the experiment showed that Calliandra browse/maize silage mixture maintained the highest level of C in the soil, while maize silage alone maintained the lowest level. Also soils treated with fecal manure from the other browse/maize silage mixtures maintained higher levels of C than fecal manure from maize silage alone. Organic C levels were lowest at 8 weeks of the experiment for all treatments and rose to the original levels at 12 weeks which could have been as a result of biotic and hydrologic factors coupled with soil aggregation. Decomposition of organic N followed a similar trend as organic C. The two elements are linked in both plant inputs in the soil and in the eventual soil humic substances. The soils treated with browse/maize silage mixtures maintained C: N ratios that were similar to that of the control soil and higher than those of the fecal manure treatments. Thus, in spite of the added silage materials to the soil, rapid decomposition of organic C could not occur to reflect benefits of adding the silage materials to the soil. Thus, fecal manure, particularly from feeding animals on browse/forage diets is more beneficial in the soil as it would decompose more readily releasing the plant nutrients they contain.
An Empirical Study of Sectoral-Level Investments in New Zealand
Authors: Razzak W. A.
Published: June 2014

We extend the Glick and Rogoff (1995) aggregate time-series, empirical, intertemporal model of country-investment to a sectoral-level, and estimate it for New Zealand. We fit the model to panel data of eleven industries from 1988-2009. The sectoral-level investment growth is a function of lagged investment level, sector-specific total factor productivity shocks (TFP), country-specific TFP shocks, and global TFP shocks. The estimates seem robust to government spending shocks and Terms of Trade shocks.
Les rôles contemporains de la culture matérielle inuit ancienne
Authors: Gadoua Marie-Pierre
Published: June 2014

Cet article explore le potentiel des collections ethnographiques inuit pour la recherche archéologique collaborative. Nous présentons une étude réalisée au Musée McCord à Montréal, où des groupes d’aînés inuit ont été invités à partager leurs connaissances à propos d’objets inuit du quotidien, collectés durant la première moitié du XXesiècle au Canada. Cette recherche visait à mieux comprendre les significations sociales de l’équipement de chasse, des outils pour la préparation des peaux et la confection de vêtements, des ustensiles domestiques et des divers objets personnels (couteaux, peignes et ornements) chez les Inuit au début du siècle dernier, afin d’aider les analyses archéologiques d’objets thuléens analogues. Plus particulièrement, nous exposons la méthodologie de ces ateliers au Musée McCord où les participants étaient invités à manipuler librement les objets et expliquons comment ces interactions ont joué un rôle dans les processus de remémoration et de partage des savoirs. Nous concluons en présentant quelques résultats des analyses archéologiques qui ont suivi ces ateliers, ainsi qu’une discussion sur notre vision de la collaboration entre les Inuit, les institutions muséales et les archéologues.
The origin of William Richardson’s 1771 description of a Labrador Inuit snow house
Authors: Stopp Marianne P.
Published: June 2014

Researchers of Labrador Inuit history have long known of William Richardson’s brief account of his 1771 voyage to southern Labrador and his detailed description of a snow house. This research note compares this description to George Cartwright’s text on the same subject to show that Richardson’s information derives from Cartwright’s. Although Richardson correctly describes a snow house, it is nevertheless secondary information. The comparison also shows the importance of differentiating verifiable information from speculation or, in this case, replication and how easily an historical narrative can take on the appearance of a primary source.
Jørgen Meldgaard’s film works and books on art from the Arctic
Authors: Jørgensen Anne Mette
Published: June 2014

L’archéologue danois Jørgen Meldgaard (1927-2007) était un cinéaste passionné. Les archéologues d’aujourd’hui pourraient s’inspirer de sa passion pour ce médium qu’est le film. Il a produit trois documentaires incontournables au cours de sa carrière, chacun d’eux illustrant une tendance importante de la représentation scientifique de l’Autre durant la seconde partie du XXe siècle. Cet article analyse ses films en portant une attention particulière à la manière dont Meldgaard est passé d’une représentation des Inuit en tant qu’objets à une représentation en tant que sujets. Il effectue également une comparaison de ses films avec ses deux ouvrages sur l’art inuit et les replace dans le contexte des développements méthodologiques contemporains en archéologie et en anthropologie. Il conclut en recommandant aux futurs archéologues de suivre l’exemple de Meldgaard en s’engageant dans le partage de la connaissance, par l’intermédiaire des médias audiovisuels, avec les gens concernés par les fouilles archéologiques, plutôt que de laisser entièrement la représentation de la connaissance archéologique aux professionnels des médias.
Inuit knowledge and use of wood resources on the west coast of Nunavik, Canada
Authors: Steelandt Stéphanie , Bhiry Najat , Marguerie Dominique , Desbiens Caroline , Napartuk Minnie , Desrosiers Pierre M.
Published: June 2014

Driftwood and shrubs are the primary wood resources available in most areas of coastal Nunavik. Today, they are mainly used as fuel for campfires, but historically they were very important for the ancestors of present-day Inuit. This article documents Inuit traditional knowledge about the origin, availability, gathering, and exploitation of wood resources in this region located in the Low Arctic and the Subarctic. Interviews were conducted with 27 Inuit between 60 and 89 years of age in the villages of Ivujivik, Akulivik, Inukjuak, and Umiujaq on the east coast of Hudson Bay. Our data reveal, among other things, that Inuktitut names for pieces of driftwood were based on shape, aspect, colour, and texture. This traditional knowledge was very accurate and highly diverse in the southern villages because of their significant exposure to driftwood. Wood from shrubs (i.e. willows, birches, and alders) was mainly harvested in the fall and used to make fires, mattresses, sleeping mats (alliat), and other objects. According to the participants, driftwood originates in southern Hudson Bay and James Bay and is washed up on the beaches in late summer and the fall. In the far north of Nunavik, where driftwood is small and slender, Inuit used to collect it during the summer from a boat (umiaqorqajaq). Further south, it was gathered during the winter by dogsled.
Housing issues in Nuuk (Greenland) and how to get students involved
Authors: Sørensen Jane Buus , Willumsen Ulla
Published: June 2014

In this essay, we discuss housing policy in Nuuk (Greenland), which is characterised by disparity, undemocratic decision-making, and lack of open, frank discussion. Greenland has a culture of conflict avoidance and reluctance to accept criticism, due to its small population and its cultural traditions. Moreover, the city council’s housing policy has to take both the affluent and the less well-off into consideration. The latter, however, find it harder to influence policy-making. At the Ilinniarfissuaq (Institute for Learning) in Nuuk, we want our future teachers to take part in the development of society and in public debates over social issues. They should in turn be able to teach their students to get involved and to take a stand in debates. But how can we help these future teachers develop a critical view of housing policy without feeling oppressed and powerless? We tried to solve this problem through a technical solution—a GIS program. This program forced our teacher trainees to take a position and express their opinions.
Estimates of the power per mode number of broadband ULF waves at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Sarris T. E.
Published: June 2014

In studies of radial diffusion processes in the magnetosphere it is well known that ultralow frequency (ULF) waves of frequency mωd can resonantly interact with particles of drift frequency ωd, where m is the waves' azimuthal mode number. Due to difficulties in estimating m, an oversimplifying assumption is often made in simulations, namely that all ULF wave power is located at a single mode number. In this paper a technique is presented for extracting information on the distribution of ULF power in a range of azimuthal mode numbers. As a first step, the cross power and phase differences between time series from azimuthally aligned magnetometers are calculated. Subsequently, through integrating the ULF power at particular ranges of phase differences that correspond to particular mode numbers, estimates of the fraction of the total power at each phase difference range or mode number are provided. Albeit entwined with many ambiguities, this technique offers critical information that is currently missing when estimating radial diffusion of energetic particles. As proof‐of‐concept, the technique is first tested successfully for a well‐studied case of narrowband ULF Field Line Resonances (FLR) for which the mode number was calculated simultaneously through ground‐based and space measurements. Subsequently, the technique is demonstrated for the broadband ULF waves that accompanied the 2003 “Halloween” magnetospheric storms. The temporal evolution of power at each mode number gives insight into the evolution of ULF waves during a storm as well as more accurate characterization of broadband ULF waves that can be used in radial diffusion simulations.
Seasonal snowpack characteristics influence soil temperature and water content at multiple scales in interior western U.S. mountain ecosystems
Authors: Maurer Gregory E. , Bowling David R.
Published: June 2014

Mountain snowpacks directly and indirectly influence soil temperature (Tsoil) and soil water content (θ). Vegetation, soil organisms, and associated biogeochemical processes certainly respond to snowpack‐related variability in the soil biophysical environment, but there is currently a poor understanding of how snow‐soil interactions vary in time and across the mountain landscape. Using data from a network of automated snowpack monitoring stations in the interior western U.S., we quantified seasonal and landscape patterns in Tsoil and θ, and their dependence on snowpack characteristics over an eleven year period. Elevation gradients in Tsoil were absent beneath winter snowpacks, despite large gradients in air temperature (Tair). Winter Tsoil was warmer and less variable than Tair, but interannual and across‐site variations in Tsoil were likely large enough to impact biogeochemical processes. Winter θ varied between years and across sites, but during a given winter at a site it changed little between the start of snowpack accumulation and the initiation of spring snowmelt. Winter Tsoil and θ were both higher when early winter snow accumulation was greater. Summer θ was lower when summer Tair was high. Depending on the site and the year examined, summer θ was higher when there was greater summer precipitation, a larger snowpack, later snowpack melt, or a combination of these factors. We found that snowpack‐related variability in the soil environment was of sufficient magnitude to influence biogeochemical processes in snow‐dominated ecosystems.
Snowpack regimes of the Western United States
Authors: Trujillo Ernesto , Molotch Noah P.
Published: June 2014

Snow accumulation and melt patterns play a significant role in the water, energy, carbon, and nutrient cycles in the montane environments of the Western United States. Recent studies have illustrated that changes in the snow/rainfall apportionments and snow accumulation and melt patterns may occur as a consequence of changes in climate in the region. In order to understand how these changes may affect the snow regimes of the region, the current characteristics of the snow accumulation and melt patterns must be identified. Here we characterize the snow water equivalent (SWE) curve formed by the daily SWE values at 766 snow pillow stations in the Western United States, focusing on several metrics of the yearly SWE curves and the relationships between the different metrics. The metrics are the initial snow accumulation and snow disappearance dates, the peak snow accumulation and date of peak, the length of the snow accumulation season, the length of the snowmelt season, and the snow accumulation and snowmelt slopes. Three snow regimes emerge from these results: a maritime, an intermountain, and a continental regime. The maritime regime is characterized by higher maximum snow accumulations reaching 300 cm and shorter accumulation periods of less than 220 days. Conversely, the continental regime is characterized by lower maximum accumulations below 200 cm and longer accumulation periods reaching over 260 days. The intermountain regime lies in between. The regions that show the characteristics of the maritime regime include the Cascade Mountains, the Klamath Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The intermountain regime includes the Eastern Cascades slopes and foothills, the Blue Mountains, Northern and Central basins and ranges, the Columbia Mountains/Northern Rockies, the Idaho Batholith, and the Canadian Rockies. Lastly, the continental regime includes the Middle and Southern Rockies, and the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains. The implications of snow regime classification are discussed in the context of possible changes in accumulation and melt patterns associated with regional warming.
Influence of Madden‐Julian Oscillation on Southeast Asia rainfall extremes: Observations and predictability
Authors: Xavier Prince , Rahmat Raizan , Cheong Wee Kiong , Wallace Emily
Published: June 2014

The influence of Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the rainfall distribution of Southeast Asia is studied using TRMM satellite‐derived rainfall and rain gauge data. It is shown that convectively active (suppressed) phases of MJO can increase (decrease) the probability of extreme rain events over the land regions by about 30–50% (20–25%) during November–March season. The influence of MJO on localized rainfall extremes are also observed both in rainfall intensity and duration. The Met Office Global Seasonal forecasting system seasonal forecasting system is shown to reproduce the MJO influence on rainfall distribution well despite the model biases over land. Skills scores for forecasting 90th percentile extreme rainfall shows significant skills for convective phases. This study demonstrates the feasibility of deriving probabilistic forecasts of extreme rainfall at medium range.
Water permeability in hydrate‐bearing sediments: A pore‐scale study
Authors: Dai Sheng , Seol Yongkoo
Published: June 2014

Permeability is a critical parameter governing methane flux and fluid flow in hydrate‐bearing sediments; however, limited valid data are available due to experimental challenges. Here we investigate the relationship between apparent water permeability (k′) and hydrate saturation (Sh), accounting for hydrate pore‐scale growth habit and meso‐scale heterogeneity. Results from capillary tube models rely on cross‐sectional tube shapes and hydrate pore habits, thus are appropriate only for sediments with uniform hydrate distribution and known hydrate pore character. Given our pore network modeling results showing that accumulating hydrate in sediments decreases sediment porosity and increases hydraulic tortuosity, we propose a modified Kozeny‐Carman model to characterize water permeability in hydrate‐bearing sediments. This model agrees well with experimental results and can be easily implemented in reservoir simulators with no empirical variables other than Sh. Results are also relevant to flow through other natural sediments that undergo diagenesis, salt precipitation, or bio‐clogging.
Extracting trace amount of terbinafine hydrochloride in biological fluids and wastewater samples using solid‐phase‐extraction based on magnetic nanoparticles followed by HPLC‐UV analysis
Authors: Abbasi Laleh , Faraji Mohammad , Bahmaie Manoochehr
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the application of sodium dodecylsulfate‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as an adsorbent was evaluated for the extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of terbinafine hydrochloride in biological fluids before its determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Effects of various parameters on the extraction efficiency such as pH of solution, amount of sodium dodecylsulfate surfactant, extraction time, and desorption conditions were studied and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 2.5 to 500 µg L−1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9998. Moreover, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 5 to 500 µg L−1 (seven standards) for both urine and plasma samples and the limits of detection were found to be 0.3, 0.7, and 1.5 µg L−1in aqueous, urine, and plasma samples, respectively. Also, the percent of relative standard deviation (RSD%) based on three replicate determinations was in the range of 0.9% to 6.8%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the extraction of terbinafine from real samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.