bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discharged from paediatric intensive care: A mixed methods study of teenager's anxiety levels and experiences after paediatric intensive care unit discharge
Authors: Bichard Elizabeth , Wray Jo , Aitken Leanne M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Teenagers represent a small proportion of patients on paediatric intensive care units (PICU) in the United Kingdom. During a time when their development is rapidly changing, an admission to PICU causes additional disruption. The impact of critical illness on psychological health after discharge has not been widely reported within this population.

Aim and objectives

To measure anxiety that teenagers report 48‐96 hours and 4 weeks after discharge from PICU. To explore teenagers' experiences of being admitted onto PICU.

Design

Two‐phase mixed methods, explanatory sequential design.

Methods

This single‐site study was conducted between February and July 2018. An NHS Ethics committee approved the study. Teenagers were screened if they were aged 13‐18 years old and had an elective or emergency admission to PICU for longer than 24 hours. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Anxiety subscale (HADS‐A) was administered on paper and completed with the researcher present. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in‐person and over the telephone, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Nine of eighteen participants (50%) obtained scores indicating levels of anxiety which were mild (n = 3; 17%), moderate (n = 2; 11%), or severe (n = 4; 22%) 48‐96 hours after PICU discharge. Four weeks later, all participants scored below the clinically significant cut‐off level for the HADS‐A‐1 Teenagers described their experiences on PICU within three themes:

Memories of treatments, side effects, and the PICU environment

Losing a sense of self

Feeling cared for

Conclusions

Measured levels of anxiety had resolved in this small sample, 4 weeks after PICU discharge. This finding was not consistent with qualitative data that indicated that many experiences shared by participants were anxiety provoking.

Relevance to clinical practice

Support for teenagers after PICU discharge should be available to meet individual needs; screening teenagers to identify support needs would be beneficial.
Isotopic techniques in aquaculture nutrition: State of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Gamboa‐Delgado Julián
Published: August 2021

Animal nutrition studies rely on traditional and advanced analytical techniques that have increased our understanding about the nutritional physiology of valuable species, leading to improved productivity, sustainability and further diversification. In the case of aquaculture nutrition, a vast amount of knowledge has accumulated in relation to different physiological responses elicited by experimental diets and feeding regimes. By measuring assimilation, inferences can be made about the specific dietary components that were digested, incorporated into tissue and used for metabolic functions. One of the most common methods applied to estimate assimilation consists of measuring stable isotope values at natural abundance levels in feeding items and consuming animals. Isotopic measurements have been of great assistance to identify nutrient sources contributing to the growth of larval and juvenile organisms. The techniques have also been useful to determine nutrient flows in several types of aquaculture systems. The present manuscript reviews the most recent applications and findings derived from studies that have used stable isotope analyses to (1) estimate nutrient assimilation in larval and juvenile organisms, (2) evaluate trophic dynamics and bioremediation potential of macroalgae and invertebrates in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture systems and (3) investigate the trophic plasticity of aquatic species. The progressively more frequent application of compound‐specific isotope analysis of amino acids and fatty acids is emphasized as it has allowed exploring the physiological fate of specific organic compounds, while also assisting in the definition of nutritional requirements for aquatic species. Future nutritional applications of analytical techniques based on stable isotope measurements are addressed.
Pregnancy and offspring sex ratio following insemination with SexedULTRA and conventional semen in cows in a commercial beef operation
Authors: Kasimanickam Ramanathan , Kasimanickam Vanmathy , Ratzburg Kamron
Published: August 2021

Pregnancy rate per AI (PR/AI) and breeding season pregnancy rates between insemination with sexed semen (SS; at 18 hr after the onset of oestrus) and conventional semen (CS; at 12 hr after the onset of oestrus,) and offspring gender ratio between two groups were compared. Angus cross cows (n = 686, during 2019 and 2020 breeding seasons) were oestrus‐synchronized using Select‐Synch + CIDR protocol and were observed thrice daily for oestrus until 72 hr after PGF2α administration. Cows expressed oestrus (n = 513) were inseminated with either SS (n = 246; SexedULTRA 4M™; y chromosome‐bearing sperm) or CS (n = 267). Cows (n = 173) that failed to express oestrus at 72 hr after PGF2α received 100 μg of GnRH and CS insemination concomitantly. Two weeks later, cows were penned with natural service sires (bull:cow ratio 1:25) for 45 days. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after bull removal. Calves' gender was determined at birth. For cows that expressed oestrus, PR/AI did not differ (p > .1) between SS (65.0%) and CS (66.7%) groups. The overall PR/AI differed (p < .05) between SS (65.0%) and CS (56.4%) groups. The natural service PR differed (p < .001) but breeding season PR (p > .05) did not differ between SS vs. CS groups. Bull:heifer gender ratio following AI was 88:12 and 52:48 for SS and CS groups, respectively, with an overall 66:34 ratio. Bull:heifer gender ratio for the two breeding seasons was 79:21 and 52:48 for SS and CS groups, respectively, with an overall 62:38 ratio. In conclusion, the fertility of SS insemination at 18 hr after onset of oestrus was 97% of CS insemination at 12 hr after onset of oestrus. Though breeding season pregnancy did not differ between SS and groups, preferred calf gender was 25 percentage points greater for SS over CS application. The gender accuracy was 88%.
Geospatial socio‐economic/demographic data: The existence of spatial autocorrelation mixtures in georeferenced data—Part I
Authors: Griffith Daniel A. , Agarwal Khushboo , Chen Meifang , Lee Changho , Panetti Emily Ann , Rhyu Kyunghee , Venigalla Lasya , Yu Xiaohe
Published: August 2021

A conjecture recently began to materialize in the GIScience and spatial statistics literature asserting that many georeferenced attribute random variables (RVs) contain a positive–negative spatial autocorrelation (SA) mixture, rather than the widely recognized purely positive SA based upon routine cursory observation. Another newly emerging supposition maintains that, after controlling for the already well‐known tendency for SA to increase with increasingly fine geographic resolutions, georeferenced socio‐economic/demographic attribute RVs have roughly the same magnitude of positive SA as that degree frequently computed for remotely sensed pixel data, an extent suppressed in its net amount by the negative SA in a variable's mixture. This article, the first of a two‐part series, summarizes research exploring these two propositions using population density as a common georeferenced RV across a diverse set of geographic landscapes. The principal population density findings support these two suppositions. Part II presents parallel analyses for a wide range of georeferenced RVs across the same set of geographic landscapes.
Fragmento tectónico cabo frio: aspectos de campo, petrografía e geoquímica
Authors: Fonseca Ariadne Do Carmo
Published: August 2021

The main lithological units which occur in the "Cabo Frio Tectonic Fragment" are orthogneisses and paragneisses. The orthogneisses have granitic-granodioritic-tonalitic compositions, with amphibolitic enclaves and intercalations and are cutted by granitic aplites. The paragneisses are metapelites, with intercalations of amphibolite, quartzites and calc-silicate rocks, metamorphosed in upper amphibolite facies, in intermediate pressure conditions. Geochemically, the orthogneisses correspond to a metaluminous high-K calc-alkalic series, with monzogabbro, quartz-monzodiorite and monzonite compositions. Otherwise, the petrography indicates a low-K calc-alkalic series, suggesting a pre-collisional granitoids series related to oceanic crust subduction. A divergence between the compositions obtained by the petrography and geochemistry can be the result of problems in the analyses of alkalies. The amphibolites, associated to the orthogneisses, also present calc-alkalic metaluminous character, with basaltic and andesitic compositions, suggestive of orogenic emplacement. The paragneisses show compositions varying between lithoarenite and arkoses, with peraluminous character, probably deposited in a continental are or ative continental margin environment.
O espaço metropolitano e sua dinâmica
Authors: Corrêa Roberto Lobato
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to point out four aspects related to metropolitan dynamic in Brazil. These aspects are: (a) decentralization of the activities located in the Central Business District and the impacts of such process; (b) re-affirmation of selective residential sectors "à la Hoyt"; (c) the fast growth of low-income group periphery and; (d) existence of new territories controlled by groups as linked to the narco-traffic.
Estimativas da radiação solar direta normal através de um modelo parametrizado, na ausência de nuvens
Authors: Sucharov Elza Correia , Rosa Marcelo Barbio
Published: August 2021

The hourly and daily of direct radiation under cloudless skies are estimated for Januaria, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using the parameterization Model C presented by Iqbal (1983). This model takes into account absorption of radiation by molecules such a O3, H2O and the uniformly mixed gases. Attenuation by Rayleigh scattering and aerosol extinction are included. Aerosol attenuation is calculated through of the visibility atmospheric. The input parameters include the ozone content, visibility, hourly temperature, pressure and relative humidity data. Measured values of the direct solar radiation from May through July 1992 were used to validate the model. The hourly and daily values for the Model compared very well with measured values for clear days, showing an accuracy better than 1 per cent for daily values and 4 per cent for hourly values in the main radiation period (9-16 hours). The parameterization of the transmitance of the various atmospheric constituents are also analyzed. Results are presented to show the effect of variation of water vapor content and visibility.
Características e propriedades dos solos relevantes para os estudos pedológicos e análise dos processos erosivos
Authors: Guerra Antonio José Teixeira , Botelho Rosangela Garrido Machado
Published: August 2021

This paper regards the role of soil characteristics and properties on pedological surveys and soil erosion investigations. Therefore, the main factors of soil formation are here discussed. Furthermore, the main chemical and physical soil properties are also taken into consideration, in order to approach this subject. Finally, some erosion processes are also carried out, together with the main erosion forms and the environmental impacts caused by these associated processes.
Iron Age Settlements and Roman Roads: archaeological fieldwork along the Angelinos trunk water main in north Oxfordshire
Authors:   Headland Archaeology, Scholma-Mason Owain , Tierney Michael , Goacher Hayley , Edgeworth Matt , Timby Jane , Anicetti Veronica , Rizzetto Mauro , McGalliard Sue , Macphail Richard , Lochrie Julie , Henderson David , Walker Angela , Duncan Holly B. , Wieczorek-Oleksy Beata
Published: August 2021

Excavations along an 18.5km stretch of the Angelinos trunk water main in north Oxfordshire between Tackley and Milton uncovered a panoply of prehistoric to post-medieval remains. Residual sherds of Beaker pottery suggest Chalcolithic/early Bronze Age activity within the vicinity of the development, but most of the excavated features were middle Iron Age in date, comprising linear boundaries and probable enclosures. At least three areas of domestic occupation were recorded, ranging from a single structure to multiple pits associated with various linear features. A double burial, comprising an adult male and a child, dating to the middle Iron Age was also recorded. Roman remains were largely limited to a section dug through Akeman Street, which formed a key arterial route during the Roman period. Other Roman evidence includes a possible midden or manure spread, suggestive of nearby agricultural activity. Medieval and post-medieval features ranged from plough marks to probable quarry pits.
Concept of a Small Modular SCWR With Horizontal Fuel Assemblies
Authors: Schulenberg Thomas , Otic Ivan
Published: August 2021

Based on the concept of the high performance light water reactor (HPLWR), an innovative concept of a small modular reactor is presented, which shall have smaller peak cladding temperatures than the HPLWR due to better coolant mixing, and which shall enable a passive residual heat removal by natural convection. The core is designed with horizontal fuel assemblies including an internal water channel to improve moderation. Supercritical water is heated up in seven steps, when running through these assemblies, and the outer reflector around the core is used as mixing channels. More design optimization and analyses will be needed, however, to assess the feasibility of such a concept.
Optimization of Thermal Management in Modern Electric Vehicle Battery Cells Employing Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Afzal Asif
Published: August 2021

Optimization of thermal performance processes using genetic algorithm (GA) combined with some commercial software or other soft computing methods like artificial neural networks are common in many heat transfer applications with the exception of battery thermal management. In this article, a novel and innovative approach for single-objective optimization using GA combined with in-house developed finite volume method (FVM)-based code is investigated. Three important thermal and fluid flow performance parameters of modern electric vehicle Lithium–ion battery cells, namely, average Nusselt number (Nuavg), friction coefficient (Cf,avg), and maximum temperature (T¯max) are optimized. The operating parameters considered for optimization include heat generation term (S¯q), Reynolds number (Re), conduction-convection parameter (ζcc), aspect ratio (Ar), and spacing between the cells (W¯ff) varying in some selected range. Optimization in case of internal flow between the battery cells and external flow over the battery cell is performed. Computational time taken by the combined GA and FVM code for 5, 10, 15, and 20 iterations in case of internal and external flow is also presented. From the complete optimization analysis, it is found that for higher charging/discharging rates at which the heat generation is very high, T¯max can be kept within the safe limit, Nuavg to maximum and Cf,avg to a minimum with a slight compromise in pumping power requirement to circulate the coolant in internal flow. For external flow analysis, Re and ζcc in a selected medium range will provide optimized thermal and fluid flow situations.
Interfacial Heat Flux Estimation in a Funnel-Shaped Mould and Analysis of Solidification Characteristics in Thin Slab Continuous Casting
Authors: Jayakrishna Pedduri , Vaka Ananda S. , Chakraborty Saurav , Ganguly Suvankar , Talukdar Prabal
Published: August 2021

An inverse heat transfer model based on Salp Swarm optimization algorithm is developed for prediction of heat flux at the hot faces of a mold in thin slab continuous casting. The industrial mold considered in this work is a funnel-shaped mold having complex arrangement of cooling slots and holes. Significant variations of heat flux along the casting direction, as well as across the width are observed. Subsequently, the obtained heat flux profile estimated by the inverse method is used to analyze the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the solidifying steel strand inside the mold. Three different recirculatory zones are present due to molten steel flow, affecting the thermal and solidification characteristics significantly. The effect of these recirculatory flows on remelting phenomenon, and consequent formation of thinner shell at the mold outlet leading to quality control issues in the casting process have been discussed. Another practical issue of depression in the wide face shell thickness at the mold outlet has been identified, and its cause has been related to the location of the submerged entry nozzle and the high speed of the molten steel inflow.
Research on the Phase Transition Process of Sessile Droplet on Carbon Fiber Cold Surface
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Shang Huiqing , Mehendale Sunil , Lang Yuanlu , Chen Jianan , Tian Jinjin
Published: August 2021

The droplet phase transition process on the cold surface of a T300 carbon fiber substrate was studied by observing the droplet freezing process. Through the construction of visualized experimental device, the change in the droplet phase transition time under different experimental conditions, the progression of the solid–liquid interface during the phase transition process, the droplet deformation rate, and the ratio of growth of the interface height after the phase interface appears were experimentally obtained. The influence of different surface temperatures and different droplet volumes on the phase transition process was investigated. The experimental results show that the phase interface shows an irregular profile during the phase transition of the sessile droplet on the cold surface of the carbon fiber substrate; it presents a wave shape early and a smooth concave shape later. The influence of droplet volume on the phase transition time is not a proportional relationship. The height of the solid–liquid phase interface during the droplet phase transition process first grows rapidly, then slowly, and then fast once again. In other words, the growth rate of the phase interface is relatively fast when the phase transition has just occurred and then when the bulged tip is formed. At different cold surface temperatures, the droplet deformation rate with a volume of 10 µL on the carbon fiber substrate is basically the same, which is about 32.4%, within an uncertainty of about 1%, and it is higher than the contrast substrate. However, the influence of gravity factor is important in determining the droplet deformation rate for different droplet volumes.
Characterization of Overall Effectiveness Under the Influence of Two Coolant Temperatures
Authors: Fuqua Matthew N. , Rutledge James L.
Published: August 2021

A conjugate heat transfer analysis of the complex mechanisms of internal and external cooling of turbine blades can present a formidable task. Such an effort may be simplified somewhat by evaluating the normalized metal surface temperature of a turbine blade, also known as the cooling scheme’s overall effectiveness. Investigations of turbine cooling effectiveness for scenarios with multiple rows typically assume a single coolant temperature. However, scenarios may exist in which a region of interest is affected by multiple local coolant temperatures, such as when coolant is injected from different internal passages. The present work develops an appropriate reference temperature for such a situation as well as a new nondimensional parameter indicating the relative difference between coolant temperatures.

The effect of this new nondimensional parameter on overall effectiveness and streamwise temperature gradients is evaluated for two double row cooling hole configurations. Each row, consisting of 7-7-7 cooling holes set in an Inconel flat plate, exhausts coolant at independently controlled temperatures; effectiveness is also evaluated at different advective capacity and momentum flux ratios. Circumstances are identified in which different coolant temperatures may present an advantage in overall cooling effectiveness and in reducing streamwise temperature gradients.
Optimizing Effectiveness of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluid and Different Porous Fins Arrangement
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Arya Vinay , Bakli Chirodeep
Published: August 2021

A numerical study is carried out to investigate the effect of porous fins in counter-flow Double Pipe Heat Exchanger (DPHE). Four DPHE with different porous fin arrangements is simulated for varying Darcy number, fin height, and the number of fins and compared with the conventional DPHE with no porous fins. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation is employed to model the flow in the porous fins considering fixed Re = 100. Al2O3-H2O nanofluid and water are used as hot and cold fluids respectively. Stainless steel is used as porous material with a porosity of 0.65. Results are evaluated in terms of effectiveness and Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC). The effectiveness of the heat exchanger is used to analyze the heat transfer characteristics whereas the PEC is used to analyze the heat transfer characteristics considering pressure losses also. We evaluated maximum enhancement in thermal performance using effectiveness analysis and through PEC study we evaluated optimal effectiveness and corresponding design parameters. It is shown that utilizing porous fins in DPHE enhances the heat transfer by 134.3%. However, along with enhancement in heat transfer, the pressure losses also enhance which makes the application of porous fin non-viable. Therefore, using the PEC study we obtained optimal design parameters (Da = 10−3, hf = 4 cm, and n = 30) which adapts porous fin viable with enhancement in heat transfer by 66.38%.
Classification of Microchannel Flame Regimes Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Roohani Isfahani Seyed Navid , Sauer Vinicius M. , Schoegl Ingmar
Published: August 2021

Micro-combustion has shown significant potential to study and characterize the combustion behavior of hydrocarbon fuels. Among several experimental approaches based on this method, the most prominent one employs an externally heated micro-channel. Three distinct combustion regimes are reported for this device namely, weak flames, flames with repetitive extinction and ignition (FREI), and normal flames, which are formed at low, moderate, and high flow rate ranges, respectively. Within each flame regime, noticeable differences exist in both shape and luminosity where transition points can be used to obtain insights into fuel characteristics. In this study, flame images are obtained using a monochrome camera equipped with a 430 nm bandpass filter to capture the chemiluminescence signal emitted by the flame. Sequences of conventional flame photographs are taken during the experiment, which are computationally merged to generate high dynamic range (HDR) images. In a highly diluted fuel/oxidizer mixture, it is observed that FREI disappear and are replaced by a gradual and direct transition between weak and normal flames which makes it hard to identify different combustion regimes. To resolve the issue, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is introduced to classify the flame regime. The accuracy of the model is calculated to be 99.34, 99.66, and 99.83% for “training”, “validation”, and “testing” data-sets, respectively. This level of accuracy is achieved by conducting a grid search to acquire optimized parameters for CNN. Furthermore, a data augmentation technique based on different experimental scenarios is used to generate flame images to increase the size of the data-set.
An Innovative Elasto-Hydrodynamic Seal Concept for Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles
Authors: Cesmeci Sevki , Hassan Rubayet , Hassan Mohammad Fuad , Ejiogu Ikenna , DeMond Matthew , Xu Hanping , Tang Jing
Published: August 2021

Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles are promising next generation power technologies, holding a great potential in fossil fuel power plants, nuclear power production, solar power, geothermal power, and ship propulsion. To unlock the potential of sCO2 power cycles, technology readiness must be demonstrated on the scale of 10–600 MWe and at sCO2 temperatures and pressures of 350–700 °C and 20–30 MPa for nuclear industries. Amongst many challenges at the component level, the lack of suitable shaft seals for sCO2 operating conditions needs to be addressed for the next generation nuclear turbine and compressor development. In this study, we propose a novel Elasto-Hydrodynamic (EHD) high-pressure, high temperature, and scalable shaft seal for sCO2 turbomachinery that offers low leakage, minimal wear, low cost, and no stress concentration. The focus in this paper was to conduct a proof-of-concept study with the help of physics-based computer simulations. The results showed that the proof-of-concept study was successfully demonstrated, warranting further investigation. Particularly, it was interesting to note the quadratic form of the leakage rate, making its peak of m ˙ = 0.075 kg/s at Pin = 15 MPa and then decaying to less than m ˙ = 0.040 kg/s at Pin = 30 MPa, suggesting that the proposed seal design could be tailored further to become a potential candidate for the shaft seal problems in sCO2 turbomachinery.
Towards a High-Pressure Microchannel Reactor for Fuel Characterization
Authors: Akinpelu David , Schoegl Ingmar
Published: August 2021

Within the area of combustion, externally heated microtubes have been introduced to study the combustion characteristics of fuels and fuel blends. Microreactors have advantages over other conventional fuel testing methods because of their potential to test small volumes (< 20 μl) at high throughput. In this work, a high-pressure microreactor is designed and implemented to test fuels up to a pressure of 20 bar where automated testing reduces test time substantially. The novelty of this device is its capability to operate at pressure exceeding the current state of the art of 12 bar. The combustion behavior of fuels is tested in an externally heated quartz tube, with a diameter less than the conventional quenching diameter of the fuel. The ultimate objective of the experiment is to investigate the impact of fuel on flame characteristics. The ability to reach engine relevant pressure conditions and its inherent small volume requirements make this device a potential candidate for measurements of laboratory transportation fuels and fuel blends. For initial validation, tests from an earlier intermediate pressure experiment with ethane/air and nitrogen mixtures are repeated. Chemiluminescence images are taken to evaluate the combustion characteristics in terms of the three classical flame regimes: weak flames, Flames with Repetitive Extinction, and Ignition (FREI) and normal flames. Previous results at intermediate pressure showed that as the pressure increases, the weak flame and FREI regimes shift towards lower velocities. Also, as dilution level increase (i.e. reducing oxygen concentration), the transition from the weak flame to FREI becomes less abrupt and is completely lost for marginal oxygen concentration. The objective of this study is to document flame dynamics at higher pressures.
The Palo Verde Water Cycle Model (PVWCM) – Development of an Integrated Multi-Physics and Economics Model for Effective Water Management
Authors: Middleton Bobby D. , Brady Patrick V. , Brown Jeffrey A. , Lawles Serafina T.
Published: August 2021

Water management has become critical for thermoelectric power generation in the US. Increasing demand for scarce water resources for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use affects water availability for power plants. In particular, the population in the Southwestern part of the US is growing and water resources are over-stressed.

The engineering and management teams at the Palo Verde Generating Station (PV) in the Sonoran Desert have long understood this problem and began a partnership with Sandia National Laboratories in 2017 to develop a long-term water strategy for PV. As part of this program, Sandia and Palo Verde staff have developed a comprehensive software tool that models all aspects of the PV (plant cooling) water cycle. The software tool — the Palo Verde Water Cycle Model (PVWCM) — tracks water operations from influent to the plant through evaporation in one of the nine cooling towers or one of the eight evaporation ponds.

The PVWCM has been developed using a process called System Dynamics. The PVWCM is developed to allow scenario comparison for various plant operating strategies.
Manuel Gutiérrez Estévez, un antropólogo de ayer y hoy
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Rodriguez Cuevas Lydia
Published: August 2021

Manuel Gutiérrez responde a la imagen del antropólogo marcado por las vivencias, experiencias y viajes; un conocedor de culturas, mitos, religiones, costumbres e historias de otros pueblos -especialmente amerindios- pero con una extraordinaria capacidad de entender, desarrollar y dar una visión crítica a las nuevas tendencias de nuestra disciplina. Catedrático de Antropología de América en la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España) y director del Master de Estudios Amerindios de la Casa de América, es miembro del Consejo Survival International (para la defensa de los pueblos tribales), y ha realizado trabajo de campo en los Andes ecuatorianos, en Guatemala, en México y en el sur de Perú. Ha editado y escrito decenas de libros de diversa temática antropológica, sobre mitos y rituales, hechicería y chamanismo o identidad étnica entre otros. Manuel Gutiérrez, hombre de carácter apacible, cordial y desenfadado, nos recibió en su biblioteca privada, una habitación plagada de volúmenes sobre mitología, historia y estudios de América; donde abrirse paso implica también esquivar ejemplares de conocimiento esparcidos por los suelos.
Contribution to the taxonomy of human-infesting chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) in Europe
Authors: Stekolnikov Alexandr A. , Mumcuoglu Kosta Y.
Published: August 2021

Three species of chigger mites, which are supposed to be agents of human trombiculiasis in Europe, have been studied based on museum collections and specimens collected by the authors. Trombicula toldti Winkler, 1953 has been transferred to the monotypic genus Blanciella Vercammen-Grandjean, 1960. The type species of this genus, Blanciella deschiensi (Vercammen-Grandjean, 1956), was synonymized with Blanciella toldti comb. nov., and B. toldti was re-described. Lectotype of B. toldti was designated based on the type material donated to Zoological Institute RAS (St. Petersburg, Russia). The lectotype of Kepkatrombicula desaleri (Methlagl, 1928) was found in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France), and the previously designated neotype of K. desaleri has been set aside. Both B. toldti and K. desaleri have been recorded for the first time in Switzerland infesting goats (Capra hircus L., 1758). Human parasitism by Neotrombicula inopinata (Oudemans, 1909) in the UK has been confirmed for the first time with an examined museum specimen.
Properties of secondary ions in ion beam sputtering of Ga2O3
Authors: Kalanov Dmitry , Anders André , Bundesmann Carsten
Published: August 2021

The energy distributions of secondary ions for the ion beam sputtering of a Ga2O3 target using O2+ and Ar+ ions are measured in dependence on various process parameters using energy-selective mass spectrometry. The process parameters include sputtering geometry (ion incidence angle α, polar emission angle β, scattering angle γ), the energy of incident ions Eion, and the background pressure of O2. The main secondary ion species are identified to be Ga+, O+, O2+, and, when argon is used as a process gas, Ar+. The changes in the sputtering geometry and the primary ion energy have the most impact on the energy distributions of secondary Ga+ and O+ ions, giving control over the high-energy tail, which is attributed to anisotropy effects in sputtering. The formation of O2+ ions is attributed to collisions with background gas molecules, as their energy distributions are not influenced by the sputtering geometry or the primary ion energy. The increase of the O2 pressure leads to a minor decrease of the energy of Ga+ ions due to collisions with the background gas particles. The use of primary Ar+ ions with O2 background pressure does not show any specific effect on energy distributions of Ga+, O+, and O2+ ions except for the case without additional O2 background. In the latter case, much fewer O+ and O2+ ions are produced indicative of oxygen depletion of the surface due to preferential sputtering of oxygen. At all considered O2 pressures, the energy distributions of Ar+ ions have a high-energy peak, attributed to direct scattering events. The trends in experimental data show qualitative agreement to simulations using the Monte Carlo code SDTrimSP.
Seadragon genome analysis provides insights into its phenotype and sex determination locus
Authors: Qu Meng , Liu Yali , Zhang Yanhong , Wan Shiming , Ravi Vydianathan , Qin Geng , Jiang Han , Wang Xin , Zhang Huixian , Zhang Bo , Gao Zexia , Huysseune Ann , Zhang Zhixin , Zhang Hao , Chen Zelin , Yu Haiyan , Wu Yongli , Tang Lu , Li Chunyan , Zhong Jia , Ma Liming , Wang Fengling , Zheng Hongkun , Yin Jianping , Witten Paul Eckhard , Meyer Axel , Venkatesh Byrappa , Lin Qiang
Published: August 2021

The genome of the seadragon permits lifting the veil on its mysterious looks and sex-determining locus.
Structures of dimeric human NPC1L1 provide insight into mechanisms for cholesterol absorption
Authors: Long Tao , Liu Yang , Qin Yu , DeBose-Boyd Russell A. , Li Xiaochun
Published: August 2021

The cryo-EM structures of human NPC1L1 reveal a dimeric state mediating cholesterol and vitamin E uptake.
Spectroscopic label-free microscopy of changes in live cell chromatin and biochemical composition in transplantable organoids
Authors: Pettinato Giuseppe , Coughlan Mark F. , Zhang Xuejun , Chen Liming , Khan Umar , Glyavina Maria , Sheil Conor J. , Upputuri Paul K. , Zakharov Yuri N. , Vitkin Edward , D’Assoro Antonino B. , Fisher Robert A. , Itzkan Irving , Zhang Lei , Qiu Le , Perelman Lev T.
Published: August 2021

Formation of transplantable reproducible hiPSC organoids can be aided with real-time label-free intracellular spectroscopy.
The HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, corrects diverse brain phenotypes across development in mouse model of DYT-TOR1A dystonia
Authors: Caffall Zachary F. , Wilkes Bradley J. , Hernández-Martinez Ricardo , Rittiner Joseph E. , Fox Jennifer T. , Wan Kanny K. , Shipman Miranda K. , Titus Steven A. , Zhang Ya-Qin , Patnaik Samarjit , Hall Matthew D. , Boxer Matthew B. , Shen Min , Li Zhuyin , Vaillancourt David E. , Calakos Nicole
Published: August 2021

Ritonavir, identified by a DYT1 dystonia in vitro drug screen, corrects neuronal firing response and white matter deficits in the DYT1 mouse brain.
Recent Evolution and Genomic Profile of Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolates from Poultry Flocks in Brazil
Authors: Kipper Diéssy , Orsi Renato H. , Carroll Laura M. , Mascitti Andrea K. , Streck André F. , Fonseca André S. K. , Ikuta Nilo , Tondo Eduardo C. , Wiedmann Martin , Lunge Vagner R.
Published: August 2021

S.
Heidelberg is the most frequent serovar in several broiler farms from the main Brazilian poultry-producing regions. Therefore, avian-source foods (mainly chicken carcasses) commercialized in the country and exported to other continents are contaminated with this foodborne pathogen, generating several national and international economic losses.
Tools, Strains, and Strategies To Effectively Conduct Anaerobic and Aerobic Transcriptional Reporter Screens and Assays in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Price Erin E. , Rudra Paulami , Norambuena Javiera , Román-Rodríguez Franklin , Boyd Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2021

Staphylococcus aureus
is a human pathogen and a leading cause of infectious disease-related illness and death worldwide. For
S. aureus
to successfully colonize and invade host tissues, it must tightly control the expression of genes encoding virulence factors.
High Clinical Impact of Broad-Range Fungal PCR in Suspected Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Lieberman Joshua A. , Bryan Andrew , Mays James A. , Stephens Karen , Kurosawa Kyoko , Mathias Patrick C. , SenGupta Dhruba , Bourassa Lori , Salipante Stephen J. , Cookson Brad T.
Published: August 2021

Broad-range fungal PCR is a powerful tool for identifying pathogens directly from patient specimens; however, reported estimates of clinical utility vary and costs discourage universal testing. We investigated the diagnostic and clinical utility of broad-range fungal PCR by examining 9 years of results from sinonasal specimens, hypothesizing that this anatomic location would identify immunocompromised patients at high risk for invasive fungal disease.
Comparative Evaluation of Assays for Broad Detection of Molecular Resistance Mechanisms in
Enterobacterales
Isolates
Authors: Brazelton de Cardenas J. N. , Garner C. D. , Su Y. , Tang L. , Hayden R. T.
Published: August 2021

Rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance in both surveillance and diagnostic settings is still a major challenge for the clinical lab, compounded by the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This study compares four methods for the broad detection of antibiotic resistance genes in
Enterobacterales
isolates: two multiplex PCR assays (the Streck ARM-D beta-lactamase kit and the OpGen Acuitas AMR Gene Panel u5.47 (research use only [RUO]) and one microarray assay (the Check-MDR CT103XL assay), with whole-genome sequencing as a reference standard.
SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays Dependent on Dual-Antigen Binding Demonstrate Diverging Kinetics Relative to Other Antibody Detection Methods
Authors: Theel Elitza S. , Johnson Patrick W. , Kunze Katie L. , Wu Liang , Gorsh Amy P. , Granger Dane , Roforth Matthew M. , Jerde Calvin R. , Lasho Michael , Andersen Kylie J. , Murphy Brenna M. , Harring Julie , Lake Douglas F. , Svarovsky Sergei A. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Carter Rickey E. , Joyner Michael J. , Baumann Nikola A. , Mills John R.
Published: August 2021

Longitudinal studies assessing durability of the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) humoral immune response have generated conflicting results. This has been proposed to be due to differences in patient populations, the lack of standardized methodologies, and the use of assays that measure distinct aspects of the humoral response.
Two Cross-Protective Antigen Sites on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Structurally Revealed by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies from Cattle
Authors: Li Kun , He Yong , Wang Li , Li Pinghua , Wang Sheng , Sun Pu , Bao Huifang , Cao Yimei , Liu Xuerong , Zhu Guoqiang , Song Yali , Bai Xingwen , Ma Xueqing , Fu Yuanfang , Yuan Hong , Zhang Jing , Wang Jian , Chen Yingli , Li Dong , Lou Zhiyong , Liu Zaixin , Lu Zengjun
Published: August 2021

FMDV is the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which is one of the most contagious and economically devastating diseases of domestic animals. The antigenic structure of FMDV serotype O is rather complicated, especially for those sites that can elicit a cross-protective neutralizing antibody response.
Deletion of the A137R Gene from the Pandemic Strain of African Swine Fever Virus Attenuates the Strain and Offers Protection against the Virulent Pandemic Virus
Authors: Gladue Douglas P. , Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Vuono Elizabeth , Silva Ediane , Rai Ayushi , Pruitt Sarah , Espinoza Nallely , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Borca Manuel V.
Published: August 2021

No commercial vaccine is available to prevent African swine fever. The ASF pandemic caused by ASFV Georgia2007 strain (ASFV-G) is seriously affecting pork production in a contiguous area from Central Europe to East Asia.
Retrospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study of Abbott RealTi
m
e MTB against Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Susceptibility to Rifampin and Isoniazid Treatment
Authors: Howlett Patrick , Nabeta Pamela , Tukvadze Nestan , Schumacher Samuel G. , Denkinger Claudia M.
Published: August 2021

In 2019, 10 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB), of whom 1.4 million died. There are few comparative studies of diagnostic assays, particularly those aiming to be used in high-throughput laboratories.
Geologic framework of Mount Diablo, California
Authors: Graymer* R.W. , Langenheim V.E.
Published: August 2021

The basic stratigraphic and structural framework of Mount Diablo is described using a revised geologic map, gravity data, and aeromagnetic data. The mountain is made up of two distinct stratigraphic assemblages representing different depocenters that were juxtaposed by ~20 km of late Pliocene and Quaternary right-lateral offset on the Greenville-Diablo-Concord fault. Both assemblages are composed of Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata overlying a compound basement made up of the Franciscan and Great Valley complexes. The rocks are folded and faulted by late Neogene and Quaternary compressional structures related to both regional plate-boundary–normal compression and a restraining step in the strike-slip fault system. The core of the mountain is made up of uplifted basement rocks. Late Neogene and Quaternary deformation is overprinted on Paleogene extensional deformation that is evidenced at Mount Diablo by significant attenuation in the basement rocks and by an uptilted stepped graben structure on the northeast flank. Retrodeformation of the northeast flank suggests that late Early to early Late Cretaceous strata may have been deposited against and across a steeply west-dipping basement escarpment. The location of the mountain today was a depocenter through the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene and received shallow-marine deposits periodically into the late Miocene. Uplift of the mountain itself happened mostly in the Quaternary.
Petroleum occurrences in the Mount Diablo area, California
Authors: Hector Scott , Blake Karen , Elam Tim
Published: August 2021

Mount Diablo is flanked on its northeast side by a thick section of Late Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks, which produced small hydrocarbon accumulations in the Los Medanos, Willow Pass, Mulligan Hill, and Concord gas fields. The first well was drilled in 1864, and today most of the active wells on the northeast flank are used for gas storage by Pacific Gas and Electric Company. These fields, which also include the Brentwood oil field, lie to the northeast of Mount Diablo and have produced 6.4 million cubic meters (225 billion cubic feet) of natural gas and over 57 million cubic meters (9.1 million barrels) of oil. The main reservoirs for the Sacramento Basin are sandstones in the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene section. The source rock there is primarily from the Upper Cretaceous Dobbins Shale, which began generation 75 m.y. ago, and the Winters Shale, which began generation 35 m.y. ago. The Livermore Basin is located on the western and southwestern sides of the mountain. The only commercial field in that basin is the small Livermore oil field. This field produces primarily from Miocene sandstones. The Livermore Basin is a Neogene basin that was syntectonically formed in the last few million years and continues to grow today. Studies of the black oils found in the Livermore field show that the source rock is likely the Eocene Nortonville Shale, though the Upper Cretaceous Moreno shale is also considered to be a possible source. The Livermore field has produced 12 million cubic meters of oil (1.9 million barrels).
Upper plate deformation during blueschist exhumation, ancestral western California forearc basin, from stratigraphic and structural relationships at Mount Diablo and in the Rio Vista Basin
Authors: Unruh Jeffrey
Published: August 2021

Late Cenozoic growth of the Mount Diablo anticline in the eastern San Francisco Bay area, California, USA, has produced unique 3D exposures of stratigraphic relationships and normal faults that record Late Cretaceous uplift and early Tertiary extension in the ancestral California forearc basin. Several early Tertiary normal faults on the northeast flank of Mount Diablo have been correlated with structures that accommodated Paleogene subsidence of the now-buried Rio Vista basin north of Mount Diablo. Stepwise restoration of deformation at Mount Diablo reveals that the normal faults probably root into the “Mount Diablo fault,” a structure that juxtaposes blueschist-facies rocks of the Franciscan accretionary complex with attenuated remnants of the ophiolitic forearc basement and relatively unmetamorphosed marine forearc sediments. This structure is the local equivalent of the Coast Range fault, which is the regional contact between high-pressure Franciscan rocks and structurally overlying forearc basement in the northern Coast Ranges and Diablo Range, and it is folded about the axis of the Mount Diablo anticline. Apatite fission-track analyses indicate that the Franciscan rocks at Mount Diablo were exhumed and cooled from depths of 20+ km in the subduction zone between ca. 70−50 Ma. Angular unconformities and growth relations in the Cretaceous and Paleogene stratigraphic sections on the northeast side of Mount Diablo, and in the Rio Vista basin to the north, indicate that wholesale uplift, eastward tilting, and extension of the western forearc basin were coeval with blueschist exhumation. Previous workers have interpreted the structural relief associated with this uplift and tilting, as well as the appearance of Franciscan blueschist detritus in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary forearc strata, as evidence for an “ancestral Mount Diablo high,” an emergent Franciscan highland bordering the forearc basin to the west. This outer-arc high is here interpreted to be the uplifted footwall of Coast Range fault. The stratigraphic and structural relations exposed at Mount Diablo support models for exposure of Franciscan blueschists primarily through syn-subduction extension and attenuation of the overlying forearc crust in the hanging wall of the Coast Range fault, accompanied by (local?) uplift and erosion of the exhumed accretionary prism in the footwall.
Supplemental Material: Contribution of orbital forcing and Deccan volcanism to global climatic and biotic changes across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary at Zumaia, Spain
Authors: Gilabert Vicente , al. et
Published: August 2021

Text S1 (detailed methodology), Text S2 (geochemical and geophysical properties), Text S3 (detailed age models), Text S4 (further evidence of the stratigraphic continuity across the KPB at Zumaia), Tables S1–S5, and Figures S1–S5.