bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subgrade reaction for closely spaced raft and isolated foundations on sand: case study
Authors: Hamza Omar , Kourdey Alaa , Hussain Yawar , Mawas Abdul-hakim
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the interference effect of closely spaced foundations on the modulus of subgrade reaction (k) and provides an insight into some of the factors affecting the k-value of a raft foundation when other foundations (isolated footings or other identical rafts) are closely placed on both sides. The investigation adopted a three-dimensional, non-linear, finite-element numerical analysis based on a case study of a residential project with several multi-storey buildings constructed on sand underlain by weathered limestone. A site-specific ground investigation was conducted to determine soil properties, which were used to construct three-dimensional numerical models to simulate different arrangements of foundations and estimate the corresponding k-values. The results show that the k-value starts to decrease when the spacing between the foundations becomes less than three times the raft width, and the percentage of reduction in k-value increases in a non-linear way as the spacing decreases further. In addition to spacing, the study revealed that the effect of adjacent foundations depends on their size and the magnitude of their applied pressure. The case study provides a framework for developing a correction factor that can be applied to k-value for improving the structural and geotechnical design of closely spaced shallow foundations.
Modelling the corrosion mechanism of steel bars in chloride-contaminated concrete with transverse cracks
Authors: Xia Jin , Chen Jiejing , Li Tian , Shen Jian , Liu Qingfeng , Jin Weiliang
Published: November 2022

The development of cracks in reinforced concrete structures can accelerate structural deterioration and reduce service life. A numerical model was established to analyse steel bar corrosion in chloride-contaminated concrete with transverse cracks. In the model, the dynamic distinction between anode and cathode regions on the steel surface is considered by introducing an empirical formula for the anodic Tafel slope related to chloride concentration. The time-dependent characteristics of the corroded region were examined using the proposed corrosion prediction model and the corrosion process of steel bars in cracked concrete was revealed. The effects of crack width and crack spacing on steel corrosion were analysed in detail in terms of the corrosion area and corrosion rate. The results showed a variation in the corrosion area adjacent to cracks over time and a positive correlation between corrosion area and the square root of time. According to the micro-cell and macro-cell contributions to the corrosion rate, the process of steel bar corrosion was determined to occur in three stages. The effects of transverse cracks on the corrosion rate were found to vary with exposure time and to depend on the control steps of the micro- or macro-cells.
Mecanismos de solución de controversias regionales: una herramienta a disposición de los Estados en la institucionalidad democrática. El caso de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas
Authors: Suñe Natasha , Long Guillaume
Published: November 2022

Este estudio analiza la situación jurídica del Tratado Constitutivo de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (Unasur) luego de las denuncias realizadas —o anunciadas— por parte de distintos Estados miembros; realiza un recorrido por los motivos que llevaron a su creación y reflexiona sobre las razones actuales de la necesidad de su subsistencia como único marco jurídico multidimensional hacia una integración suramericana permanente. Para arribar a sus conclusiones analiza los procedimientos internos de denuncia; el estatus de sus miembros fundadores en relación con el Tratado Constitutivo de la organización; y la vigencia de la organización. El estudio concluye que los Estados debieron recurrir al diálogo político y al mecanismo de solución de controversias previsto en la Tratado Constitutivo —opción que se mantiene aún vigente—debido a que constituye la vía institucional idónea para destrabar conflictos.
A morphological analysis of the Mammillaria fittkaui species complex (Cactaceae) reveals a new species from Jalisco, México
Authors: Ortiz-Brunel Juan Pablo , Carrillo-Reyes Pablo , Sánchez Daniel , Ruíz-Sánchez Eduardo , Rodríguez Aarón
Published: November 2022

Background: The Mammillaria series Stylothelae (Cactaceae) includes 16 taxa distributed mostly among the limits of the Chihuahuan Desert (CD) with the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt (TVB). In Jalisco, four pink flowered species occur at the southwestern end of the CD where it meets the TVB. The boundaries and recognition of three species related with M. fittkaui (M. fittkaui complex) are debatable.
Question: Should the taxa of the Mammillaria fittkaui species complex be considered as species?
Studied species: Four pink flowered Mammillaria series Stylothelae (M. fittkaui species complex) and M. zeilmanniana as comparative species.
Study site: Western Mexico.
Methods: Six morphological characters were sampled in specimens from the type locations of three pink flowered species, one locality of Mammillaria sp., and M. zeilmanniana. We used a permutational multivariate analysis of variance on six characters of each of the groups and a discriminant analysis to evaluate the morphological variation among species and to determine the correct classification of each individual.
Results: The analyses identified four well defined morphological groups with statistical significance within the Mammillaria fittkaui complex. We recognized M. fittkaui, M. limonensis, and M. manana as species and here describe M. arreolae as a new species from Jalisco.
Conclusions: In Cactaceae, morphometry has been useful to establish species boundaries. The Mammillaria fittkaui complex includes four species. Mammillaria arreolae differs from the other species by the shorter tubercles, flowers, and fruits. In addition, it develops more than one hooked central spine per areole.
Soundscape analysis during the flexibilisation phase of restrictions measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in urban parks in Curitiba – Paraná.
Authors: Maciel Karoline Farias Koloszuki , Engel Margret Sibylle , Zannin Paulo Henrique Trombetta
Published: November 2022

The present study aims to characterise the soundscape of two parks in Curitiba (Bacacheri Park and Botanical Garden), along with a relaxation phase of sanitary containment measures of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, during the year 2021. The authors collected subjective data from 200 participants (100 in each park) about perceived sound sources, sound annoyance generated by specific sources, functionality and familiarity of the parks, demographic data, and motivation for using the parks. The equivalent sound pressure levels were monitored over 15 minutes at various spots inside parks. Subjective data were analysed using the IBM SPSS 27® statistical software, and a Two-step Cluster Analysis was adopted. The cluster analysis results satisfactorily demonstrated the soundscape characterisation of the investigated parks. Such results showed that users are not bothered by the sounds of the region in Bacacheri Park and are slightly or moderately bothered by traffic sounds in the Botanical Garden. It was possible to verify the profile of the parks' users. Most women aged 18-35 have higher education and live near the parks. At Bacacheri Park, users mentioned that one of the motivations for using the park was "a safe place to relax in times of a pandemic".
Methodologies to evaluate the quality of pedestrian infrastructure on the University campus: Systematic Review
Authors: Pires Bruna Cristina , Magagnin Renata Cardoso , Fontes Maria Solange Gurgel de Castro , Azambuja Maximiliano dos Anjos
Published: November 2022

Walking is understood as a sustainable and economical means of transport, it promotes benefits such as improving people's health, but this option is chosen especially when adequate conditions are offered. As it contributes to the adoption of a sustainable urban mobility policy, walking should be encouraged in internal displacements carried out by users of higher education institutions. To support the analysis of mobility in this type of institution, this paper sought to identify the main methods and techniques that can be used to evaluate the quality of walking spaces, internal and external, to University campuses, through a systematic review of literature. For this, Scopus, MDPI, ScienceDirect and Sage Journals platforms were adopted to screen articles published between 2005 and 2021, with the following keywords “walkability, campuses, university” and “pedestrian, “campuses, university”. The analysis of 26 papers, which were part of the sample size, made it possible to identify: i) objective, ii) methodology and iii) technique used among the researchers, and showed that predominantly the research carried out in these environments incorporates not only the spaces within the campus, but its surroundings, or users' access to the campus. Thus, several aspects associated with walkability are evaluated, such as the existing infrastructure itself, the most used mode of transport in displacements within the campus, in addition to some scenario in a certain route carried out by the user.
Construir(se) un futuro: Historización y producción de subjetividad en una joven en contexto de vulneración de derechos
Authors: Cardozo Griselda , Ghisiglieri Francisco
Published: November 2022

Este artículo se propone explorar herramientas teóricas y metodológicas para el abordaje de subjetividades adolescentes y juveniles en contextos de vulneración de derechos. La perspectiva teórica se nutre del diálogo interdisciplinar entre el psicoanálisis y aportes filosóficos y del campo social. Se realizó un análisis detallado y holístico del relato de vida de una joven de sector popular, cuya experiencia biográfica estuvo signada por la precarización y las violencias. El análisis del relato indagó giros de la existencia, transformaciones en su devenir identitario, efectos de lo traumático y posibilidades de construcción de un futuro.
Cuerpo, educación y colonialidad del poder
Authors: Klein Sebastián Martín
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo es fruto del avance de una investigación que pretende analizar los discursos docentes y prácticas profesionales que operan en las clases de Educación Física en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires a partir de la perspectiva de pensamiento decolonial. Argumentando que la Educación Física es un invento moderno, este trabajo plantea como hipótesis inicial que en la práctica de dicha asignatura escolar aún perduran y persisten elementos de esa modernidad, que responde constitutivamente a la “organización colonial del mundo” actual. Se procedió a aplicar instrumentos de recolección de la evidencia empírica circunscriptos al modo de operación cualitativo, como lo son las observaciones no participantes y las entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los parciales resultados podrían aportar elementos para problematizar la colonización de las prácticas docentes en el campo de la Educación Física y repensarlas en el contexto situado de nuestra América Latina en general y de Argentina en particular.
Mujeres rurales y el uso de teléfonos móviles en el Perú. Efecto en el empoderamiento con visión de capital humano
Authors: Franciskovic Ingunza Jubitza
Published: November 2022

Este artículo propone medir el efecto de la adopción de las tecnologías móviles en el empoderamiento de las mujeres rurales desde la perspectiva de los retos del desarrollo y utilizando una aproximación de capital humano. Para ello, se tomó como referencia el modelo de Mincer (1970), analizando el efecto que la adopción de la telefonía móvil tiene sobre el nivel de ingresos de las adoptantes. Usando la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares en el Perú, se estudiaron los datos del periodo comprendido entre 2017-2019 para proponer una estimación del efecto en los ingresos, ante la adopción de teléfonos móviles por parte de mujeres rurales en este país. Los resultados sugieren que existe relación positiva más allá de otras variables adicionales que pudieran incidir entre la relación entre el incremento del uso de teléfonos móviles y los niveles de ingresos en las mujeres de las zonas rurales peruanas. El artículo ilustra el uso de la función minceriana para capturar los efectos de la tecnología sobre la generación de riqueza. Por último, se plantean recomendaciones para los hacedores de política en cuanto al avance hacia el desarrollo económico con un enfoque de género.
Editorial
Authors: Gómez-Botero Maryory A.
Published: November 2022

Continuous publication

The first two academic journals in the world were Le Journal des savants created in January, 1665 in France [1], followed by Philosophical transactions, founded later that year in March [2], in England. For the next 350 years, there were no significant changes in this form of scientific publishing, while in the last two decades, there have been many transformations caused by the development of the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1990 [3]. Only 3 years after the public presentation of the WWW in 1993, scientific journals began to be disseminated through the Internet.

Initially, scientific journals began to be edited with the aim of publishing summaries of printed books, and from the 19th century on, the scientific article became the most important means of communication of research results [4], multiplying continuously the number of existing scientific journals that were born on a regular basis, whether weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly.
Review of ESPEN-2021 Practice Guidelines for Cancer Patients: Part 1
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia S. , Obukhova Olga A. , Kurmukov Ildar A. , Volf Larisa Ya.
Published: November 2022

This study discusses the 2021 ESPEN Practical Guidelines for Nutritional Support in Oncology. The updated version of the 2021 ESPEN practice guidelines differs slightly from the 2017 version and contains flowcharts to facilitate the use of the guidelines in clinical practice, which is also relevant for domestic healthcare. ESPEN-2021 Clinical Guidelines, which offer practical solutions in all areas of oncology, are of particular interest to both oncologists and allied specialists working in oncology. The first part of the review discusses general recommendations for nutritional support for patients with cancer and the possibility of their use in our country: screening of nutritional status at the initial visit, indications for prescribing additional nutrition, benefits of one or another type of nutritional support in various situations, norms for providing macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals, and need for physical activity. This practical guide forms an algorithm of actions to ensure optimal nutrition for patients with cancer. The general principles of nutritional therapy for all patients with cancer are based on timely screening for nutritional deficiencies and adherence to appropriate nutritional support of patients, which can be achieved by modifying the diet or prescribing additional nutrition, mainly enteral nutrition.
Effect of chronic exposure on the concentration of NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Kodintseva Ekaterina А. , Akleуev Andrey A.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: The importance of this study is entrenched in the possibility that alterations in NF-B-mediated intracellular signaling pathways could serve as the foundation for some pathogenetic mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis in chronically exposed individuals.
AIM: The objective of the study was to analyze the concentration of NF-B transcription factor in lysates of peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals exposed to chronic radiation during the implementation of carcinogenic effects of exposure.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is applied analytically one time. 50 chronically exposed individuals were examined, whose average age was 73.7 years. The average accumulated radiation dose to the red bone marrow was 727.979.1 mGy; the average accumulated exposure dose to the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs was 85.913.6 mGy. Participants from the main group were divided into three subgroups (n=18, n=16, n=16) depending on on the radiation dose (0.070.44 Gy; 0.450.84 Gy; 0.852.93 Gy respectively).
The difference between the comparison group and the main group in terms of age, sex, and ethnic composition was not statistically significant; also, an inclusion of 25 individuals who were not accidentally exposed was made. The intracellular concentration of NF-B was ascertained by enzyme immunoassay in protein concentration-normalized (500 g/mL) lysates of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Statistical data processing employed descriptive statistical methods, as well as KolmogorovSmirnov test, Student's t-test, WilcoxonMannWhitney U-test, JonсkheereTerpstra test, and Spearman correlation analysis.
RESULTS: The median concentration of NF-B in the main group was 34.5 pg/ml, and in the comparison group 28.1 pg/ml. The differences in the indices in individuals from the main group relative to the comparison group were not statistically significant (р=0.360), as well as between different dose groups: 0.070.44 Gy 31.5 pg/ml and 0.450.84 Gy 32.4 pg/ml (р=0.431); 0.450.84 Gy 32.4 pg/ml and 0.852.93 Gy 38.5 pg/ml (р=0.692), 0.070.44 Gy and 0.852.93 Gy (р=0.534). No statistically significant differences were found between the dose groups and the comparison group (р=0.931). No dependences of NF-B concentration on the exposure dose to the red bone marrow, thymus, and peripheral lymphoid organs, age, sex, and ethnicity of the examined individuals were detected.
CONCLUSION: The intracellular concentration of the transcription factor NF-B does not differ significantly in individuals exposed to chronic radiation and individuals who were not accidentally exposed. Results indirectly confirm the involvement of NF-B-mediated signaling pathways in the implementation of adaptive responses of the human body to chronic low-intensity radiation exposure.
Heart rate variability in cross-country skiers with different level of maximum oxygen consumption
Authors: Markov Alexander  L.
Published: November 2022

AIM: This research aimed to study heart rate variability (HRV) in cross-country skiers with different levels of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: HRV analysis was carried out using the Ecosan-2007 (Medical Computer Systems, Russia) complex in 52 cross-country skiers from the Komi Republic team (candidates for master of sports and master of sports of Russia). The Oxycon Pro ergospirometric system (Erich Jaeger, Germany) was used to calculate VO2max. To identify the HRV patterns in individuals with different levels of VO2max, volunteers were divided into two groups: with VO2max up to 4400 ml/min (n=27) and over 4400 ml/min (n=25). The MannWhitney U-test was used to ascertain whether the differences between groups were statistically significant. A Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the VO2max and HRV.
RESULTS: Athletes with different levels of VO2max showed significant differences in several HRV indicators as follows: absolute values of LF and VLF waves, the relative value of HF waves, LF/HF, and IC indices. Correlation analysis indicated the presence of a significant negative correlation between the absolute values of VO2max and MxDMn, MxRMn, LF/HF, IC, power of LF, and LF%. VLF waves. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between VO2max and HF%. The relative values of the VO2max/kg showed a significant negative correlation with MxRMn, TP, LF, VLF, LF/HF, and IC; and positive with HF%.
CONCLUSION: In cross-country skiers, a significant correlation was identified between VO2max and HRV parameters. Compared to Athletes with lower VO2max, those with higher VO2max had a more efficient mode of heart rate regulation.
Grafting Embryonic Neural Progenitor Cells to Improve Sympathetic Regulation of Cardiac Function after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   , Fernandes Silvia , Hou Shaoping
Published: November 2022

Cardiac function is highly regulated by autonomic nervous system. A cervical or thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) often disrupts supraspinal regulation of sympathetic input to the heart, leading to disordered cardiac function. To gain in-depth understanding of mechanisms underlying cardiac pathophysiology, we established a rat model of cardiac dysfunction by inducing a crush injury at the 2nd/3rd thoracic (T2/3) spinal cord. Using electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure recordings, we examined cardiac function by spectral, pharmacological, and cardiac-behavioral tests. Notably, the injury decreased cardiac sympathetic and increased parasympathetic tone, resulting in imbalanced autonomic regulation of the heart. Autonomic dysreflexia and dobutamine test to increase cardiac stress triggered numerous arrhythmias in T2/3 injured rats. To develop a therapeutic strategy for SCI-induced cardiac disorders, we transplanted embryonic day 14 neural progenitor cells isolated from the raphe nuclei (RN-NPCs) or spinal cord (SC-NPCs), into the lesion site of the injured cord. Nine weeks post-grafting, spectral and pharmacological analyses revealed that grafting either RN- or SC-NPCs enhanced cardiac sympathetic tone. Consequently, the number of arrhythmias was dramatically reduced during dobutamine test in grafted groups. However, cell grafting neither restored resting hemodynamics nor improved arrhythmias during autonomic dysreflexia. In both grafted groups, cardiac parasympathetic tone remained high and the hormonal regulation of blood pressure via the renin angiotensin system was not decreased. Histological analysis revealed that grafted cells well-integrated with the host tissue and extended axons onto the caudal autonomic regions. Ultimately, transplanting NPCs reconstitutes sympathetic input to the heart and improves cardio-electric disorders after SCI.
An Investigation of Two Framework-Based Materials
Authors:   , Schwenk Gregory , Ji Haifeng
Published: November 2022

Although Phosphorus is perhaps one of the most well-known elements, a full understanding of its various allotropes and polymorphic subdivisions remains elusive. In concluding a general chemistry course, one may identify Phosphorus by three basic allotropes denoted by color: Red, White, and Black. However, owing to recent breakthroughs in nanomaterials, the allotropy of Phosphorus has broadened remarkably. Of these newly discovered forms, 1D nanorod structures, thought to be a derivative of Red Phosphorus polymorphs, are categorized by their resulting adduct character with metal halides. With a pure P nanorod surrounded by a metal interlayer and further encased by a halide layer, phosphorus metal halides (PMHs) have long been sought for their potential in identifying novel P nanorods that are stabilized within the structure. Furthermore, owing to their unique structure that combines the properties of a metal and a 1D phosphorus nanorod, they have recently seen an interest in electronic devices. To date, literature provides synthetic approaches that remain limited to CuI and CuBr with post-synthetic methods affording Ag₂P₃I₂, though with significant drawbacks. In this work, we establish synthetic routes to expand this family to include a novel Br-containing structure and establish Raman spectroscopy as a valid characterization method. Further, we have extended the family to incorporate the metals Ag and Pb in the form of Ag₃P₁₀I₂ and Pb₃P₁₅I₂. The synthetic approach that affords such structures is believed to be applicable to various transition metals via the in situ formation of MP_x, opening the door to extend the family of materials even further by introducing the MP_x as a precursor. Novel applications of devices constructed with Cu₂P₃I₂, Ag₂P₃I₂, Cu₂P₃Br₂, and Pb₃P₁₅I₂ have been established as molecular sensors and FETs. The optimization of synthetic conditions, particularly as it relates to Ag₃P₁₀I₂ has also revealed formation of large-scale Type II nanorods, a highly elusive polymorph of Red Phosphorus. Lastly, this work has encompassed another family of unique materials in the form of metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, a particular variety of these porous materials, [gamma]-CD-MOF-1, has been shown capable of sequestration of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a common disinfectant. By utilizing chemical vapor diffusion to grow the MOF on polypropylene fabric prior to BAC loading, we have developed a novel surfactant-impregnated MOF-coated fabric for antimicrobial applications. These surfactant-impregnated MOF-coated pieces of fabric were successful in displaying strong antibacterial character against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, as well as strong antiviral character against T4 bacteriophage and a murine betacoronavirus. All antibacterial and antiviral character was established and validated with comparison against controls.
Sulfuranide Methods for Preparing Azoles from the Isocyanide Asmic
Authors:   , Mueller Louis Gregory , Fleming Fraser F.
Published: November 2022

As a sulfide and an isocyanide, anisylsulfanylmethylisocyanide (Asmic) has enabled the development of new methods for synthesizing heterocycles through the marriage of sulfuranide chemistry and isocyanide chemistry. Sulfides, typically thought of as unreactive functional groups, can be rendered reactive by addition of organometallics leading to their transformation into hypervalent sulfuranides. Isocyanides like Asmic, driven by the reactivity of their terminal carbene-like carbon, are prized for their ability to prepare nitrogen-containing heterocycles as well as peptidomimetic scaffolds. This dissertation describes the development of methods that employ the isocyanide functional group in Asmic to prepare oxazoles and imidazoles while increasing the complexity of the heterocycles by use of sulfuranide chemistry. The foundation for the chemistry developed in this dissertation is the rich history of sulfuranide chemistry, which is reviewed in the 1st Chapter. The review discusses patterns of reactivity and key features of sulfuranide chemistry such as the effect of directing groups. Chapter 2 describes an Asmic-based oxazole synthesis which utilizes sulfuranide chemistry in the key transformation. Asmic was condensed with esters to give anisylsulfanyl oxazoles that were then elaborated by transformation into sulfuranides which underwent smooth alkylation. The method was showcased in a three-step synthesis of the natural product streptochlorin. Chapter 3 briefly discusses a method for preparing imidazoles from Asmic. Asmic was condensed with nitriles to give anisylsulfanyl imidazoles that undergo smooth desulfurization when treated with Raney nickel. Finally, the project described in Chapter 4 evolved from Chapters 2 and 3 as a modified method for preparing oxazoles and imidazoles from Asmic. Here, monoalkyl Asmic derivatives are condensed with acid chlorides (for oxazoles) and nitriles (for imidazoles). An extremely facile sulfuranide formation-desulfurization is the key step in the formation of the end azole. The combined methods of this dissertation highlight the utility of Asmic in oxazole and imidazole synthesis.
Evaluation of Some Elements (Na+, Cl-, K+, Fe+2, Mg+2, Ca+2, Cu+2, Zn+2) Levels in Vernix Caseosa SubstanceEvaluation of Some Elements (Na+, Cl-, K+, Fe+2, Mg+2, Ca+2, Cu+2, Zn+2) Levels in Vernix Caseosa Substance
Authors: DUYURAN Rumeysa , KILINÇ Metin , DAĞLI Hasan
Published: November 2022

The substance "Vernix Caseosa" (VC), which begins to be secreted in the third trimester of the human fetus, is a natural product that occurs spontaneously. This substance, which protects the baby against external factors, has a feature that facilitates birth by providing lubrication during normal birth. 52 infants were included in the study. A sterile soft-tipped device was used to collect the VC, and a swab was taken from the baby's skin immediately after birth. In addition, mothers under the age of 35 and over the age of 35 were grouped as multiparous and nulliparous and their VC was examined separately. In VC, the levels of the elements responsible for production and repair in the human body were investigated. Homogenized samples were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Element results were given as mean and standard deviation; *Na+: 12.09 ± 0.58, *Cl-: 10.27 ± 1.08, *K+:1.84 ± 0.54, **Fe+2: 72.39 ± 4.84, **Mg+2: 67.07 ± 3.31, **Ca+2:864.51 ± 32.61, **Cu+2:12.98 ± 2.01, **Zn+2: 11.00 ± 1.55 (*:mg/g tissue, **:ug/g tissue). According to the results of literature review and to the best of knowledge, limited information on element levels of VC has been reported. The studied elements are found as cofactors in growth and development and in many biochemical mechanisms. Protein and lipid contents have been investigated in previous studies and it has been reported that VC has an important role in protecting the fetus from external factors and infections. In addition, the protection of amniotic fluid from maceration and the prevention of fluid and electrolyte losses of the skin are also mentioned. It is thought that this research will make an important contribution to the determination of the biochemical structure of VC, which is a natural and protective substance.
Domain expert evaluation of advanced visual computing solutions and 3D printing for the planning of the left atrial appendage occluder interventions
Authors: Mill Jordi , Montoliu Helena , Moustafa Abdel H. , Olivares Andy L. , Albors Carlos , Aguado Ainhoa M. , Medina Elodie , Ceresa Mario , Freixa Xavier , Arzamendi Dabit , Cochet Hubert , Camara Oscar
Published: November 2022

Advanced visual computing solutions and three-dimensional (3D) printing are moving from engineering to clinical pipelines for training, planning, and guidance of complex interventions. 3D imaging and rendering, virtual reality (VR), and in-silico simulations, as well as 3D printing technologies provide complementary information to better understand the structure and function of the organs, thereby improving and personalizing clinical decisions. In this study, we evaluated several advanced visual computing solutions, such as web-based 3D imaging visualization, VR, and computational fluid simulations, together with 3D printing, for the planning of the left atrial appendage occluder (LAAO) device implantations. Six cardiologists tested different technologies in pre-operative data of five patients to identify the usability, limitations, and requirements for the clinical translation of each technology through a qualitative questionnaire. The obtained results demonstrate the potential impact of advanced visual computing solutions and 3D printing to improve the planning of LAAO interventions as well as the need for their integration into a single workflow to be used in a clinical environment.
Communication Structuring in Aisyiyah’s Empowerment Activities in Isolated Tribal Communities
Authors: Rasyid Erwin , Rahmawati Fitri Maulidah , Sugiantoro Hari Akbar
Published: November 2022

Several parties continue to criticize the empowerment of remote tribal or indigenous communities. The empowerment program for remote indigenous communities has not yet been deemed effective for empowering indigenous communities. Using Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory, this study aims to examine how communication is structured in community empowerment activities for isolated tribes. Using a case study methodology, this study uses qualitative descriptive approach. Interviews were conducted with the Regional Leader of ‘Aisyiyah (PDA) Banggai, who empowered an isolated tribe in the interior of Tombiobong, Maleo Jaya village, South Batui sub-district, Banggai district, Central Sulawesi (Sulteng). The study indicates that social reproduction occurs through the duality of structures in Aisyiyah empowerment activities among the indigenous Loinang people. This fits with Giddens’s idea of duality, which says that structure and agent work together and affect each other.
Indian diabetic risk score as a screening tool for assessment of diabetes in urban and rural areas in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sri P. K. S. S. Usha , Rao B. T. , Naidu S. Appala , Mokshanand K. , Lakshmi N. Naga , Keerthi M. Divya
Published: November 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in Andhra Pradesh and Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) is a cost-effective tool for screening of undiagnosed diabetic individuals in the community. The objectives of this study were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of IDRS method as a screening tool in community as well as to determine the importance of stress scale in relation with diabetes.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to May 2022 among 18 years and above residing in select areas of Prakasam and Visakhapatnam districts. House to house survey was done for collecting data on IDRS with pretested questionnaire. Cohen's perceived stress scale was used to assess the level of stress.  Results: Out of 200 study subjects, 53.5% were males, mean age was 40.13±15 years and 23% were illiterate. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 21.0%, as per IRDS, 20.5% were in low-risk category. 44.5% and 31.5% were in moderate and high-risk category respectively. No physical exercise- 45 (71.7%), consumption of non-vegetarian food- 43 (65%), low consumption of fruits- 47 (74.6%) among high-risk category. Sensitivity of IDRS was 50.6%, specificity 71.6%, positive predictive value 33.8% and negative predictive value 86.3%. Mean perceived stress score was found to be 19.5±4.03.Conclusions: This study estimated the usefulness of Indian diabetes risk score for identifying high risk diabetic subjects in Indian urban population so that proper intervention can be done to reduce the burden of disease. Stress may be included in the IDRS.
Impact of child nutrition training for mothers on the nutritional status of children: a propensity score matching approach
Authors: Hossain S. M. Ashraf , Hossain Md Elias
Published: November 2022

Background: Since mothers are the primary caregivers of children under five, their nutritional status depends on their mothers' capacity to feed and nurture them properly. However, mothers' poor child-feeding practices can also lead to child malnutrition. Mothers' nutritional education and childcare habits can improve children's health through child nutrition training. This study examines how child nutrition training for mother affects children's nutritional status in the impoverished Northern Bangladesh.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, total of 300 mothers have been interviewed and data on demographic, socioeconomic, and child-specific related issues are gathered using simple random sampling from the study areas. The data comprise both treatment and control groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) method is applied to examine impact of child nutrition training for mothers on nutritional status of children in terms of stunting, wasting, and underweight.Results: Empirical results of PSM revealed that the children whose mothers have received trainings have lower prevalence of stunting (0.357 SD), wasting (0.646 SD), and underweight (0.935 SD) as suggested by the average treatment effect on the treated.Conclusions: In summary, this study found positive impact of child nutrition training programs. Therefore, it suggests that the government and NGOs should formulate better and expanded programs focusing on training mothers for the betterment of children’s nutritional status.
Brodie’s abscess of proximal shaft radius in 17-year-old male: a case report
Authors: Warade Nikhil R. , Rengerla Saikrishna B. , Wankhede Aniket K. , Deshpande Vyankatesh
Published: November 2022

Brodies abscess is an uncommon form of osteomyelitis. It is typically found in metaphyseal region of long bones particularly of lower limb. We herein report rare case of Brodies abscess of proximal shaft radius in 17-year-old male presented with pain over proximal aspect of left forearm for 2 months. A plain radiograph showed a translucent lesion of approximately 1.9×1.1 cm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed Penumbra sign on T1 and T2 weighted images. Laboratory results showed no inflammatory response. Treatment was done by curettage. Culture report showed Staphylococcus aureus growth. Postoperatively administration of antibiotics was done. Follow up was uneventful. We diagnosed and surgically treated a rare case of Brodies abscess of proximal shaft radius in 17-year-old male. As the upper extremities are areas of unloaded bone, we successfully treated this patient by curettage and antibiotics without bone grafting.

 
Comparative efficacy of three different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine for premedication in children
Authors: Prasad Neelam , Singh Kuldeep , Agarwal Munisha , Kumar Rakesh , Saha Moushumi
Published: November 2022

Preoperative emotional distress in children should be addressed properly for better anesthetic experience. The present study was a Prospective randomized double-blind study to evaluate comparative efficacy of three different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine for premedication in children.

Sixty children were then randomly allocated to one of the three groups of 20 each by a computer generated table. The drug was administered 45 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia intra-nasally. Following intra-nasal drug administration, anxiety was assessed at 0 minutes -baseline, 30 minutes, 45 minutes and at parental separation in the preoperative area just before shifting in operation theater using the mYPAS (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale). At induction, induction compliance was assessed using the induction compliance checklist and heamodynamic response to definitive airway was assessed.

It was observed that intranasal dexmedetomidine in lower doses of 0.5 and 1µg/kg was effective in reducing anxiety from baseline values but was not sufficient for providing anxiolysis at the most stressful time - at parental separation and shifting to OR (Operating room). The dosage of 1.5µg/kg was found to be the most effective dose for allaying preoperative anxiety without any adverse effect. However, this dose was insufficient for optimizing induction as it is mainly anxiolytic and higher doses having additional sedative action may be required to make the child more compliant for induction of anesthesia.

Based on our findings, we recommend that intranasal dexmedetomidine in the dose of 1.5µg/kg can be used for allaying preoperative anxiety, without any adverse events.

• Question: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of three different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine for premedication in children for preoperative anxiety using the mYPAS scale. • Findings: Dose of 1.5µg/kg can be used for allaying preoperative anxiety, without any adverse events. • Meaning: Optimum dose of intranasal dexmeditomedine which is efficient to allay preoperative anxiety in children.
Local anaesthesia: Buffered or non-buffered? A comparative study
Authors: Rana Vishal , Fernandes Jerusha , Gupta Savina
Published: November 2022

An ideal local anesthetic should act swiftly and be efficacious without causing discomfort or toxicity. Buffered anesthetic is useful when it comes to limiting toxicity because of the reduced volume that is needed and the decreased time it takes to be effective when compared with other conventional means. Buffered anesthesia uses sodium bicarbonate mixed into lidocaine prior to injection to neutralize the acid.

All the patients were explicated about the study and its significance and valid informed consent was procured from those who were willing to participate in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the right and left sides of patient – side A and side B. Side A included patients that were injected with buffered solution [combination of LA with adrenaline 1:80,000 & sodium bicarbonate] and side B included patients that were injected with LA with adrenaline 1:80,000.

The results of this study confirm that the routine use of alkalinized local anesthetic solution in cases of acute head and neck infections may improve patients’ comfort and speed up the time of onset of anesthesia. In conclusion, the use of sodium bicarbonate as an adjunct in local anesthetics is convenient, safe, easy to dispense, and readily available.
Comparison of premedication with 75 mg and 150 mg pregabalin for postoperative analgesia in total hysterectomy patients - A randomised control trial
Authors: Cheruvathur Ajish Varghese , Parambil Dilshad Thondi , Vig Saurabh , Chenath Salman Mohammed Kutty , Nagaraj Priyadharshini , Mulgaonkar Krupa , Jeevithan S
Published: November 2022

Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant, structural analogue of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) and is very much efficient in the management of neuropathic pain and incisional injury.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative administration of pregabalin on postoperative analgesic requirement in subjects undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anaesthesia.

: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 129 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anaesthesia, divided in three groups (placebo group, 75 mg of pregabalin and 150 mg of pregabalin) of 43 patients each. Pre-operative Ramsay sedation scale was noted and post-operative VAS score for pain at rest and on cough at 30 minutes, 1hr, 2 hrs, 6 hrs, 12 hrs and 24 hrs post operatively was noted. Time for requirement of rescue analgesics on post-operative day one was assessed.

: The post operative pain scores reduced with the dose of pregabalin. Sleep score also was significantly better as the dose of pregabalin increases. The need for rescue analgesia decreased with the dose of pregabalin. As the dose increases, the side effects Dizziness, Nausea and vomiting also increases.

Pregabalin has been found to reduce the post operative pain effectively, reduces the need and dose for rescue analgesia and improves the post operative sleep pattern. The side effects are high for a dose of 300 mg. Therefore 150 mg of pregabalin is advocated for better pain management and sleep pattern.
Combined psoas compartment block and sciatic nerve block versus unilateral subarachnoid block as a sole anaesthetic technique for lower limb orthopaedic surgery – A prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: Patel Ankita , Lalchandani Kavita , Mehta Heli
Published: November 2022

: Nerve block as a part on regional anaesthesia extends analgesia time and gives better haemodynamic stability, so comparison of nerve block like psoas compartment block and sciatic nerve block with spinal anaesthesia is our main aim of study.

Total 96 patients of tibial surgeries with any gender of ASA grade I, II and III were assigned and randomly divided into two groups:- group P- psoas compartment block plus sciatic nerve block and group S-unilateral subarachnoid block. Parameters compared were onset, peak effect and duration of sensory and motor blockage, haemodynamic parameters, postoperative duration of analgesia and requirement of rescue analgesics post-operatively.

Onset of motor and sensory block were faster in group S than group P. There was no significant difference in haemodynamic parameters in both the group. Duration of analgesia in group P was 16.79 ±2.3 hours as compared to group S was 5.57 ±0.49 hours, which was highly significant. Number of rescue analgesic required was significantly less in group P(1.10 ± 0.30) as compared to group S (3.04 ± 0.20) without significant complications in both the groups.

Combined psoas compartment block with sciatic nerve block provides prolonged duration of analgesia over subarachnoid block and less numbers of rescue analgesics required postoperatively with good haemodynamic stability.
Cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in cardiovascular and thoracic anaesthesia: A review
Authors: Sarkar Manjula , Kanchi Murlidhar
Published: November 2022

Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has a well-established role in cardiovascular and thoracic anaesthesia, and its use is increasing in popularity. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring may be helpful for patients who are at risk for cerebral ischemia. During cardiac induction, there is a risk of developing complications like arrhythmias, hypotension, cardiac arrest, ST-segment changes, acute low cardiac output, pulmonary hypertension, diastolic dysfunction, valve dysfunction, residual shunts, or residual obstruction of ventricular outflow tracts, brain injuries, etc; where cerebral oxygen saturation is affected. These complications are multifactorial due to the use of heartlung machines as a result of the issues of aorto-pulmonary shunts, pathophysiological changes in the cardiovascular system, hypothermia, circulatory arrest (DHA), prolonged CPB time, specific surgical technique, anaesthesia, and different medications. The non-invasive, compact, continuous measurement technology known as NIRS tracks oxygenation in the brain, muscle, and other organs. In real time, it senses small changes in tissue oxygenation. We hypothesized that NIRS would be a useful technique for detecting increased susceptibility to ischemic neurologic harm. It could be a helpful technique for tracking brain oxygenation when jugular bulb oxygen saturation monitoring is not an option. NIRS is a useful tool for predicting critical events and figuring out how to handle them for a better outcome and faster discharge.
Anaesthetic management in adolescent fraser syndrome
Authors: Nagar Kriti
Published: November 2022

Fraser syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, genital malformations, renal abnormalities, musculoskeletal abnormalities and mental retardation. We present a rare case of one such adolescent girl who presented with hematometra and was operated for the same. We hereby discuss the anaesthetic management of this patient with emphasis on points that may prevent any inadvertent complications due to associated co-morbidities.
Diferenças de gênero no financiamento acadêmico: evidências do Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Pereda Paula , Montoya Diaz Maria Dolores , Rocha Fabiana , Facundes Monteiro Gabriel , Mena-Chalco Jesús
Published: November 2022

Este estudo investiga se há diferença na distribuiço de recursos entre pesquisadores homens e mulheres para financiar a pesquisa academica no Brasil nas áreas de Cincia, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática acrescidas da área de Economia (STEEM). Verificamos se a probabilidade de conseguir financiamento para pesquisa difere entre homens e mulheres e testamos se o montante de recursos para a pesquisa difere entre as cientistas mulheres e os cientistas homens. Utilizamos dados das distribuiçes de bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) de 2017 e 2020, dados das concesses de auxílios pela Fundaço de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP) de 2015 a 2020, e dados sobre as características dos pesquisadores brasileiros cadastrados na Plataforma Lattes. Nossos resultados indicam que as candidatas mulheres a bolsistas de produtividade do CNPq possuem menor probabilidade de terem a bolsa aprovada, mesmo controlando por área de atuaço, instituiço de doutorado, quantidade e qualidade média de publicaçes nos últimos cinco anos, entre outras características. O resultado é mantido e intensificado no recorte para pesquisadores das áreas STEEM. Em relaço à FAPESP, no so encontradas diferenças significativas de genero na probabilidade de aprovaço de financiamento de projeto, tanto na amostra geral quanto entre as áreas STEEM. Todavia, observamos que as mulheres solicitam e tm aprovado e recebido valores menores de financiamento de projetos. Encontramos evidencias de que as pesquisadoras mulheres com mesmo perfil de pesquisadores homens tm maior corte de recursos nos projetos aprovados pela FAPESP.