bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НЕФТЯНЫЕ АСФАЛЬТЕНЫ КАК НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
Authors: Онгарбаев Е.К. , Байгулбаева М.М.
Published: February 2021

В статье приведен обзор литературных источников по исследованию образования асфальтенов и их наноагрегатов в составе нефти и нефтепродуктов. Нефтяные асфальтены рассмотрены как компоненты нефти, имеющие наноразмеры и структуры, на основе которых образуются наноагрегаты. Приведены результаты экспериментальных и теоретических исследований по установлению структуры асфальтенов и их поведению в растворе. Рассмотрение асфальтенов в качестве наноразмерных объектов исследования позволяет выявить пути устранения их отрицательного воздействия при переработке и транспортировке нефти.
Влияние состава газовых смесей на задержку их самовоспламенения и нормальную скорость пламени
Authors: Арутюнов В.С. , Трошин К.Я. , Беляев A.A. , Арутюнов А.В. , Никитин А.В. , Стрекова Л.Н.
Published: February 2021

Представлен обзор результатов экспериментальных исследований и кинетического анализа самовоспламенения смесей метана с алканами С2–С6, водородом и рядом других газов в диапазоне температур 700–1000 К и давлений 1–15 атм, при которых возможно их нежелательное самовоспламенение в ДВС с искровым зажиганием. Показано, что, несмотря на большое различие в реакционной способности алканов С2–С6 влияние их добавок на задержку воспламенения метана практически одинаково. Для многокомпонентных метан-алкановых смесей задержка самовоспламенения определяется суммарной концентрацией алканов и практически не зависит от ее детального состава. Это позволило получить аналитические зависимости для расчета задержки самовоспламенения сложных метан-алкановых смесей. Показано существенное различие в температурной зависимости задержки самовоспламенения метана, водорода и их смесей, связанное с принципиальными отличиями в механизмах их окисления.
ADVANCES OF NON-IRON METAL NANOPARTICLES IN BIOMEDICINE
Authors: Nair Anroop B. , Morsy Mohamed A. , Shinu Pottathil , Kotta Sabna , Chandrasekaran Mithra , Tahir Abu
Published: February 2021

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) comprise of nanoparticles originating from metallic elements with additional properties inherent to metal ions. MNPs found applications in various field such as electronics, optics, mechanics, physics etc. There are many reviews on iron MNPs for biomedical application. Hence, in this review, we focus on non-iron MNPs and their vivid biomedical applications. Here, we review the applications of non-iron MNPs in biomedicine such as drug delivery, gene delivery, anticancer activity, antimicrobial activity, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and photodynamic, and photothermal therapies.
Adición de Lactobacillus plantarum microencapsulado sobre parámetros intestinales, inmunes, productivos y bioquímica sanguínea en pollos
Authors: Jurado Gámez Henry , Zambrano Mora Edward , Fajardo Argoti Catalina
Published: February 2021

El sector avícola presenta problemas sanitarios que disminuyen su productividad, por ello el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de L. plantarum microencapsulado en pollo de engorde. Se valoraron las características del microencapsulado (viabilidad, eficiencia y variables físicas), los parámetros productivos (consumo de materia seca, ganancia de peso y conversión alimenticia), bioquímicos (colesterol, triglicéridos y proteínas totales) e histopalógicos en aves sometidas a cuatro tratamientos; dos testigos (sin probiótico y probiótico comercial) y dos con suministro de L. plantarum (con y sin microencapsular). Los resultados demostraron que la cepa tiene un crecimiento adecuado a diferentes condiciones gastrointestinales in vitro, que le da ventajas para atravesar el tracto gastrointestinal. Por otra parte, los resultados para el estudio in vivo demostró que el suministro de la bacteria láctica tienen efectos positivos sobre los parámetros productivos, aunque no se realizó una comparación con otros estudios debido a las condiciones particulares de la investigación. Se observó un incremento de los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos con el suministro de la cepa probiótica, al igual que un incremento de las lesiones histopalógicas. L. plantarum microencapsulado tiene potencial como aditivo probiótico en el sector avícola, aunque debe mejorarse la investigación en la cantidad de inóculo a suministrar.
Efecto crioprotector de la yema de huevo en semen de Prochilodus mariae (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Authors: Duarte-Trujillo Astrid Stefanía , Ardila Artunduaga Michelle Brigitte , Guaje Ramírez Diana Nathalie , Medina Robles Víctor Mauricio
Published: February 2021

Prochilodus mariae es una especie endémica del río Orinoco, de gran importancia ecológica, cultural y económica, cuyo protocolo de crioconservación seminal aún no ha sido establecido. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del uso y la exclusión de la yema de huevo en el diluyente de crioconservación, sobre la calidad seminal de P. mariae. Para ello, el semen fresco de cinco machos sanos y sexualmente maduros fue diluido (1:6), empacado en pajillas (0,5 mL), congelado y almacenado en nitrógeno líquido. Se emplearon dos tratamientos: diluyente con yema de huevo (YH) y sin yema de huevo (SYH). Se evaluó motilidad, duración de la motilidad, morfología, integridad de membrana plasmática y fertilidad del semen descongelado, usando como control semen fresco. Los datos fueron tratados con estadística descriptiva y paramétrica, con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados demostraron que la exclusión de la yema de huevo mejoró significativamente la motilidad y la duración de la motilidad, aunque no presentó una influencia estadísticamente significativa sobre la integridad de membrana plasmática, la anormalidad morfológica y la fertilidad. La adición de la yema de huevo al diluyente de crioconservación no presentó el efecto crioprotector esperado, siendo necesario evaluar diferentes concentraciones e interacciones con otros componentes del diluyente.
Evaluación agronómica de genotipos de Theobroma cacao L. en la Amazonia colombiana
Authors: Gamboa Tabares Jean Alexánder , Rodríguez Ortiz Jaime Andrés , Durán Bautista Ervin Humprey , Rojas Vargas Soraida , Gamboa Tabares Armando
Published: February 2021

Los clones universales de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) introducidos en la región amazónica de Colombia, presentan bajos rendimientos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de genotipos locales promisorios de T. cacao bajo las condiciones de la Amazonia Colombiana. El vivero y parcela experimental se establecieron en la vereda Cuba, municipio de Cartagena del Chairá. En la parcela experimental se implementó un diseño experimental Factorial 7 x 4, con Factor A (genotipos) y Factor B (distancias de siembra). En vivero se evaluó la altura y el diámetro del tallo del clon portainjerto IMC-67, y en la parcela experimental el prendimiento y desempeño agronómico de siete genotipos. El clon IMC-67 tuvo germinación del 95%, velocidad de crecimiento de 0,200 cm.día-1, e incremento en diámetro del tallo de 0,003 cm.día-1. Los siete genotipos presentaron prendimiento del injerto del 95,73%, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05). La altura total (cm), longitud de injerto (cm), diámetro del portainjerto (cm), número de hojas y área de copa (m2), presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,0001). El genotipo RMC-4, presentó mayores valores de biomasa seguido de los genotipos RMC-2 e ICS-1, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05), entre los genotipos evaluados. Se concluye que los genotipos promisorios RMC-3, RMC-4 y RMC-5, presentan potencial para su consolidación como clones universales en el futuro.
Effect of Working Tool Parameters upon Plastic Imprint during Orbital Burnishing of Cylindrical Parts
Authors: Zaides S.A. , Pham Van Anh , Klimova L.G.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of modeling the process of finishing and hardening cylindrical parts by orbital burnishing. A finite element model of orbital burnishing has been developed using SolidWorks software. The model allows determining some geometric characteristics of a plastic contact patch and a plastic indent, during orbital burnishing depending on the parameters of the working tool. The obtained results show that the most significant influence on the size and area of the plastic indent during orbital burnishing is exerted by the angle of inclination of the working tool and the radius of the orbital rotation, the effect of the working tool radius is less significant. With an increase in the angle of inclination of the working tool from 0 to 60°, its radius from 3 to 11 mm, and the radius of orbital rotation from 2 to 6 mm, the length of the indent increases by 1.3–3.6 times, the width – by 1.1–3.0 times, and the area of the hole by 3.7–10.3 times.
Experimental study of the small-diameter channel and shaped-charge jet penetration effect
Authors: Fedorov S.V. , Babkin A.V. , Ladov S.V.
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on experiments carried out to determine the effect of a small-diameter channel, passed by a shaped-charge jet before interacting with an obstacle, on its penetrating action. These experiments were conducted in relation to the study of the features of shaped-charge jet motion through the cavity of an elongated solenoid with electromagnetic stabilization of the jet stretching process. For this purpose, steel sleeves with a channel were installed in front of the shaped charge, which made it possible to simulate the mechanical factors affecting the shaped-charge jet when it moves in the air channel. For the conditions implemented in the experiments, it was found that in the absence of collisions of the shaped-charge jet with the channel walls, the penetration depth decreases insignificantly, i.e. within 5%. In experiments in which there were traces of contact interaction with the shaped-charge jet on the channel surface, a significant decrease in the penetrating action was recorded.
Evaluation of applicability of various turbulence models for investigation of high-speed flows in air intakes
Authors: Studennikov E.S.
Published: February 2021

The study focuses on the problem of optimization of the shock wave system which implements the maximum total pressure. Relying on the problem solution, we selected the configuration of a supersonic air intake of external compression and carried out numerical simulation of the flow in the air intake in flight conditions with the free-stream Mach number equal to 7.5 using the ideal gas model for calculations. The system of Favre-averaged Navier — Stokes equations was supplemented by one of the turbulence models: Spalart — Allmaras model, k–ε, k–ω, and γ–Reθ. The paper deals with both two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations of the air input and studies the influence of angles of attack, wall temperature, and free-stream Mach number on the flow characteristics. Within the research, we determined the ranges of Mach numbers corresponding to the starting mode of the air intake and described the hysteresis of characteristics at the transition of the air intake to the start-up mode for various turbulence models.
Frequency offset of aircraft airframe structural elements
Authors: Fedorov R.V. , Serebryanskiy S.A.
Published: February 2021

The paper emphasizes the relevance of the problem of resonance in aircraft airframe structural elements, and relying on the operating experience shows the consequences of this phenomenon in terms of fatigue cracks occurring in the details of the aircraft airframe during vibration load. The types and consequences of failures in aviation equipment airframe structural elements arising from vibration load are analyzed. On the example of the slat, the forms of natural oscillations of high-lift devices are investigated, their relationship with the rotational frequencies of the high and low pressure rotors of the lift-propulsion system is shown. The study introduces the method of frequency offset of the structural pattern of the object under consideration, and implements the algorithm for modal analysis of a metal structure on the basis of modern applied packages of three-dimensional modeling and engineering analysis. The place of analytical calculations in the structure of the entire product life cycle is noted.
Governmentality without Truth: An Essay on the Role of Foucauldian Thinking in a Post- Truth Society
Authors: Czyżewski Marek
Published: February 2021

Considering the issue of power in Foucault will always lead to comments on the issue of knowledge and vice versa. What I suggest in this paper, however, is to look into both topics presented in the work by Foucault separately, at least to a certain extent. I believe that the evolution of these two threads in his works allows us to evaluate their suitability differently as far as their relevance to contemporary culture is concerned. Foucault’s approach to the issue of power and its evolution towards so-called governmentality is evidence of how accurately he sensed the direction of changes to the Zeitgeist of Western civilizations, a fact which cannot be said about the evolution of Foucault’s approach to the issue of knowledge, leaning towards the question of truth and truth-telling. The aim of this paper is to substantiate the outlined and differentiated evaluation of Foucault’s oeuvre while, at the same time, highlighting the predominant features of contemporary culture. Special attention will be paid to the role of sociology in governmentality.
¿Por qué en ocasiones los resultados de las encuestas de opinión se alejan de la realidad? Un análisis con escenarios en Python
Authors: Benavides Murillo Francisco , Jiménez Oviedo Byron
Published: February 2021

Antes de la segunda ronda de las elecciones presidenciales costarricenses del año 2018 en Costa Rica, se realizaron varias encuestas de opinión con el fin de evaluar las preferencias del electorado. Las encuestadoras en Costa Rica indicaban, en algunos casos, un empate técnico entre el candidato de Restauración Nacional y el del Partido Acción Ciudadana, y en otros casos una clara preferencia por el primero. El resultado final de las elecciones fue muy diferente al de estos estudios, y el triunfo del candidato del partido Acción Ciudadana fue claro y totalmente alejado de los márgenes de error asociados con la mayoría de los resultados obtenidos por las empresas encuestadoras. A raíz de esto, una pregunta natural surge: ¿por qué fallan las encuestas electorales? Uno de los argumentos utilizados es que las encuestas fueron realizadas con al menos una semana de antelación a las votaciones, y la opinión del electorado cambió en ese tiempo. 

En el presente trabajo se plantean situaciones hipotéticas de posibles escenarios en los que el sesgo de las encuestas se puede presentar, así como una metodología para su detección. Se analiza, en particular, la tasa de respuesta de los encuestados y su influencia en las estimaciones de la encuesta. El hecho es que si los que apoyan a un determinado partido tienen una tendencia generalizada de no responder una encuesta, entonces los resultados de ésta serán sesgados, sin importar el momento en que se hagan las entrevistas. En este trabajo, los escenarios sintéticos son simulados computacionalmente utilizando Python por su interés didáctico. También se simulan métodos de ponderación para compensar estas deficiencias. Este artículo pretende abrir un espacio didáctico de discusión de los aspectos técnicos, matemáticos y computacionales de las encuestas de opinión nacionales, así como producir un escenario sintético computacional que pueda derribar algunos mitos populares frecuentes, como el mito de que sólo mil personas encuestadas no son suficientes para obtener una representación significativa de la opinión del electorado.
Raising Awareness About COVID-19 Among Sexual Minority Men of Color: Sex and the Coronavirus, 2020
Authors: Pérez-Figueroa Rafael E. , Lurry Mike , Thompson Marc , Obonyo Dia J. , Santella Anthony J. , Hyden Christel
Published: February 2021

Disparities among vulnerable and marginalized populations have become central in the global conversation about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, avoiding exposure to the virus is the most effective community mitigation strategy. However, limited health promotion interventions have been targeted to sexual minority men of color. Social media can offer opportunities for engaging a high number of sexual minority men of color across wide geographical areas. Sex and the Coronavirus is a health promotion campaign to raise awareness about COVID-19 and to enhance physical distancing practices among sexual minority men of color. The campaign showcased seven graphic stories launched on Instagram and Facebook. The stories revolved around challenges of adhering and negotiating physical distancing practices among sexual minority men of color. The characters and situations were based on the experiences and preferences of community members in New York City. We then culturally adapted the content to a United Kingdom audience by changing language and scenery. As of July 2020, more than 34,675 social media users were exposed to the campaign. The graphic stories elicited 2,872 likes, 102 comments, 236 bookmarks, 1,520 shares. The PDF version of the stories was downloaded 900 times. Findings suggest that graphic stories can be effective as part of a health promotion strategy to raise awareness on COVID-19. The strategy was effective in reaching a wide population of sexual minority men of color across broad geographical areas. Targeted culturally and structurally sensitive responses to the COVID-19 crisis are essential to achieve health equity.
Sexual Orientation Effects in Health Information Technology Usage: Increasing Equity in Access While Physical Distancing
Authors: Harper Leia A. , Fitzgerald Déja I.
Published: February 2021

In the face of surging cases of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), healthcare professionals are searching for ways to provide care to the general public that obviates the need for in-person contact. Pervasive heterosexism and social stigma have long presented structural barriers to care for sexual (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual) and gender (i.e., trans-identified, nonbinary, gender fluid) minority health service users. Health information technology (HIT) creates an opportunity for enhanced healthcare and communications that can simultaneously reduce harmful barriers to care, while also maintaining physical distancing to reduce COVID-19 exposure. While research has demonstrated the value of HIT usage for purchasing medications, communicating with healthcare providers, seeking health information, and managing personal health records, there remains a dearth of published empirical research concerning the participation in online health-related activities among sexual minorities, particularly emerging adults. In order to address this gap, we examined HIT usage as a function of sexual orientation through the secondary analysis of data collected in the National Health Interview Survey (2016–2018). Using multivariate analysis, we assessed the likelihood of using technology as a resource for health-related care and communication in sexual and gender minority (SGM) and heterosexual participants. After adjusting for demographic and health variables, SGM male and female participants had increased odds of HIT use when compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Results indicate that health information technologies might be an innovative means of increasing access to care for stigmatized populations, while also ameliorating the choice between risking COVID-19 exposure during a clinical visit or postponing needed care.
DiseÃ±o Y ConstrucciÃ³n De Un Prototipo Multisensorial Para El DiagnÃ³stico Del Trastorno Por DÃ©ficit De AtenciÃ³n (TDA)
Authors: Mendoza HÃ©ctor , Cortez Manuel , Rodriguez Milky , De TristÃ¡n Svetlana , Matus Ericka , Molino Jay , Matus Lorena
Published: February 2021

A prototype for the diagnosis of the degree of attention deficit in children, youth, and adults was designed by integrating different sensory tests of reaction time, short-term memory, sound localization, and color coordination, which are standardized neuropsychological tests in the exploration of the Disorder. of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity (ADHD). Thirty healthy adults between the ages of 20 and 30 were recruited in a nonrandom way to use the prototype and validate its operation. The prototype also records the data of each user through software designed to record user performance. The prototype recorded an average reaction time of 17 Â± 6.8 seconds for the reaction rate test and 11.9 Â± 6.8 seconds for the memory test. The programming languages used for developing the prototype were: C ++, HTML, PHP, CSS, and SQL. All the results were recorded on a server, which would allow a specialist to keep a detailed clinical record of the patient.
Un prototipo para el diagnÃ³stico del grado de dÃ©ficit de atenciÃ³n en niÃ±os, jÃ³venes y adultos fue diseÃ±ado integrando diferentes pruebas sensoriales de tiempo de reacciÃ³n, memoria a corto plazo, localizaciÃ³n sonora y coordinaciÃ³n por colores, que son pruebas neuropsicolÃ³gicas estandarizadas en la exploraciÃ³n del trastorno por dÃ©ficit de atenciÃ³n e hiperactividad (TDAH). Treinta adultos saludables, en edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 30 aÃ±os, fueron reclutados de manera no aleatoria para probar el dispositivo y validar su funcionamiento. El equipo tambiÃ©n registra los datos de cada usuario a travÃ©s de un software diseÃ±ado para registrar el desempeÃ±o. El prototipo registrÃ³ un tiempo de reacciÃ³n promedio de 17Â±6.8 segundos para la prueba de velocidad de reacciÃ³n y 11.9 Â±6.8 segundos para la prueba de memoria. Los lenguajes de programaciÃ³n utilizados para el desarrollo del prototipo fueron: C++, HTML, PHP, CSS y SQL. Todos los resultados fueron European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 January 2021 edition Vol.17, No.3 www.eujournal.org 13 registrados en un servidor, lo que permitirÃ­a a un especialista llevar una ficha clÃ­nica detallada del paciente.
Ã‰tude Ethnobotanique Des Plantes UtilisÃ©es Dans Lâ€™artisanat Chez Les Agni Du Centre-Est Et Nord-Est De La CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire
Authors: LÃ©opold Litta Amani , Lamine Diop Amadou , Bertin Kouakou Yao , FranÃ§ois Malan Djah
Published: February 2021

Dans le but de valoriser le savoir traditionnel des plantes utilisÃ©es dans lâ€™artisanat, une enquÃªte ethnobotanique a Ã©tÃ© conduite chez quatre tribus Agni du Centre-est et du Nord-est de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire. Les entretiens semi-structurÃ©s Ã  travers lâ€™approche du Â« porte-Ã -porte Â» suivis de randonnÃ©es dans le milieu environnant ont permis dâ€™obtenir les informations sur lâ€™usage des plantes. Cette Ã©tude a montrÃ© que 104 espÃ¨ces rÃ©parties en 95 genres et 35 familles sont utilisÃ©es dans lâ€™artisanat. Pour ces quatre tribus, seulement 14,42% des plantes ont un indice dâ€™importance culturelle Ã©levÃ©. Il sâ€™agit entre autres de Baissea multiflora, Holarrhena floribunda, Mansonia altissima, Nauclea diderrichii, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, etc. Lâ€™analyse du coefficient de Jaccard a montrÃ© des diffÃ©rences majeures au niveau de lâ€™usage des plantes entre ces quatre communautÃ©s, avec seulement 13,46% dâ€™usage commun. Il a Ã©tÃ© Ã©galement observÃ© que les savoirs liÃ©s aux plantes Ã  usage artisanal sâ€™Ã©rodent progressivement, Ã  cause notamment de lâ€™abondance des matÃ©riaux modernes et surtout de la rarÃ©faction des plantes utilisÃ©es due Ã  la dÃ©gradation de lâ€™environnement.
An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among four Agni tribes in the central-eastern and north-eastern parts of CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire. This study aimed to valorize the traditional knowledge of plants used in handicrafts. Semi-structured interviews through the "door-to-door" approach followed by walks in the adjacent vegetation provided information on the use of plants. This study showed that 104 species divided into 95 genera and 35 families are used in local handicrafts. For these four tribes, only 14.42% of the plants have a high index of cultural importance. These include Baissea multiflora, Holarrhena floribunda, Mansonia altissima, Nauclea diderrichii, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Pseudocedrela kotschyi etc. The analysis of Jaccard's coefficient showed differences in the use of plants between these four communities, with only 13.46% of these plants in common use. The knowledge related to plants for artisanal use is gradually deteriorating, for several reasons: obsolescence of uses, the unavailability of plants due to environmental degradation and competition with modern materials.
COVID-19 Health Evidence Summary No.110
Authors: Millington Kerry , Reddin Samantha
Published: February 2021

This weekly COVID-19 health evidence summary (HES) is based on 3.5 hours of desk-based research. The summary is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on COVID-19 but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers which, if relevant to them, they should go to before making decisions. This summary covers publications on Clinical characteristics and management; Therapeutics; Vaccines; Indirect impact of COVID-19; Social Science; Leadership and governance; Comments, Editorials, Opinions, Blogs, News; Guidelines, Statements & Tools; Dashboards & Trackers; C19 Resource Hubs; and Online learning & events
Vulnérabilité des terres des écosystèmes du domaine soudanien au Bénin de 1995 à 2015
Authors: AHONONGA Fiacre Codjo , GOUWAKINNOU Gérard Nounagnon , BIAOU Samadori Sorotori Honoré , BIAOU Séverin
Published: February 2021

Le Nord du Bénin abrite 92,5 % de la couverture forestière nationale, principalement constituée des réserves de faune et de forêts classées, destinées à la conservation de la biodiversité. Ces zones du domaine classé, pourtant dotées pour la plupart de plans d’aménagement et d’un système de surveillance qui devraient limiter la dégradation du milieu, sont soumises à un fort taux de régression de la couverture forestière, dû aux pressions anthropiques. Cette étude vise à analyser la vulnérabilité des formations forestières dans les domaines classé et non classé de trois communes du Nord-Bénin : Matéri, Toucountouna et Ségbana. Une interprétation visuelle des images SPOT de 1995, 2005 et 2015, avec le logiciel Quantum GIS, a été effectuée pour faire ressortir les changements et évaluer la vulnérabilité des formations forestières. Les résultats révèlent une régression des formations forestières naturelles au profit de celles anthropiques. Les champs et jachères ont vu leur superficie multipliée par près de cinq entre 2005 et 2015. Au cours de cette même période, la dégradation a été plus forte dans le domaine classé que dans le non classé, alors qu’à l’inverse la déforestation a surtout affecté le domaine non classé. Les formations naturelles ont été vulnérables à la perte de superficie au profit des champs et jachères et des habitations. Les taux de vulnérabilité des différentes formations sont fonction de la période et du niveau de protection. Ces situations constituent une menace pour la biodiversité et nécessitent la mise en place d’une politique de planification de l’occupation des terres dans la périphérie du domaine classé. Cela garantira leur fonction et réduira les effets des facteurs de déforestation et de dégradation sur les réserves forestières.
Innovation platforms at school: organization of activities
Authors: Prokudin Yuri P. , Koroleva Anna V.
Published: February 2021

The basic concepts of innovation activity are considered from the standpoint of the development of modern Russian education. It is shown that innovation activity is a mandatory direction of effective implementation of the main functions of a general education institution. The activity of the school-laboratory of innovative development in its diversity is analyzed and summarized. The specific experience of functioning of federal and regional innovation platforms operating on the basis of an educational organization is presented. We disclose the goals and main tasks of each platform, the topics of innovation projects and programs implemented on their basis. The main problems are identified, which are solved in the process of activity of innovation platforms. As an example, we analyze the specific activity of an educational institution in the field of innovation mechanisms for achieving subject, meta-subject, personal educational results of students in the context of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education, the development of the housing and educational movement in the system of continuing education of the Tambov Region and the development of intra-institutional education quality assessment sys-tems.
“Land and liberty” as the age-old dream of the Russian peasantry
Authors: Safonov Dmitriy A.
Published: February 2021

Purpose of the research: we doubt the thesis, traditional for Russian historiography, that the desires and dreams of peasants have historically been enclosed in a capacious formula “land and liberty”. The appeal to peasant demands allows us to conclude that the formula “land and li-berty” was a product of the liberal and revolutionary circles of the 19th and early 20th centuries, for which it was traditionally considered themselves more understanding of peasant needs than the peasants themselves. In fact, the main thing in the desires of the peasants was the acquisition of the possibility of free economic management, and the latter at different times had different interpretations due to the changing conditions of life. The main mistake of those who considered themselves experts in peasant needs was the initial belief that at all times the peasants associated the improvement of their lives exclusively with agricultural labor. As a result, we come to the conclusion that with the expansion of other opportunities during the revolution and civil war, the peasants began to demand the creation of normal living conditions not only in the countryside, which was reflected in the slogans of the insurgents of 1920–1922.
Dialogue interaction of university students in the classroom on computer technology
Authors: Kitaevskaya Tatyana Y. , Perunovskaya Irina N.
Published: February 2021

We substantiate the need for interactive teaching of creative specialties students, based on interactive forms of organization of cognitive activity in laboratory classes on computer tech-nologies. The specificity of the discipline is noted, which generates a number of psychological and pedagogical problems related to hygiene standards and restrictions on the sphere of students’ creative activity. We raise the problem of implementing the idea of a dialog approach directly in the course of performing laboratory and practical tasks on a computer. We solve the problem of organizing cognitive activity in laboratory classes on computer technologies, which allows you to combine the capabilities of the computer as a didactic tool and design tool with a “live” dialogue between students and the teacher, as well as within the student group at each stage of laboratory work. We present a step-by-step implementation of students’ dialog interaction in the process of designing video clips as an internal module for studying the discipline “Computer technologies in design”, based on the basic principles of integrated technology of developing learning. The univer-sality of the proposed approach makes it possible to use it in laboratory work in the system of training university students in various fields.
Community in rural self-government of the Russian village before and after 1917 (based on materials from the Tambov Governorate)
Authors: Erin Pavel V.
Published: February 2021

We consider the problem of the functions performed and the purpose of the land community in the life of the Russian village before 1917 and after the revolutionary events (until 1926). We analyze the issue of the community functions, the characteristics of the social protection of its members, management relations, and also consider the features of the existence of the community after the turning point (1917) in the life of the country. The relevance of the study lies in the specifics of considering the issue over a long chronological period, taking into account the transformations of a global nature in public administration. The novelty of the scientific research lies in the complex examination and study of the rural community, its role in the life of the peasantry of the Tambov Governorate, in the evolution of the institution of the community in the period before and after 1917. Sources of work are the funds of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, collections of statistical data. Based on the data obtained, it is revealed that the community until 1917 was an instrument for uniting the common efforts of the peasant class in the labor and social spheres. On the basis of archival data, it is found that the Tambov peasantry remained supporters of the collective land use. After 1917, the community retained some of its social and labor functions. The participation of the community in the distribution of land is analyzed, ways of protecting its members from the encroachments of criminals are considered. The transformation of a rural community into a land society with legal rights is shown. It is proved that the rural community in the first decade of the Soviet state performed important economic and social functions in villages.
The practice of terror by Soviet workers in the fight against banditry in the Osinsky District of the Perm Governorate during the Civil War
Authors: Dolgova Angela V.
Published: February 2021

During the Civil War, Soviet workers had to fight against desertion and banditry. Since the majority of the country’s population was the peasantry, a confrontation arose with the Soviet government of that part of it that could not accept it. More often than not, peasants fell under such Bolshevik propaganda labels as “white gangs” or “gangs of deserters”, which had spread through the efforts of the party-Soviet propaganda machine. According to archival documents, local Soviet workers used terror not only to suppress resistance, but also as a forced measure caused by the real military-political situation in the Perm Governorate. The fight for the establishment of the power of the Soviets was fought against banditry, not desertion, and was fierce. Consequently, the widespread thesis in the history of the Civil War in the Perm Governorate about mass desertion is nothing more than an assumption. The line of the Eastern Front passed next to the Osinsky District, so the most fierce fight unfolded here, which in turn had an impact on the military-political situation in the governorate as a whole.
Economic reasons for the Antonov rebellion and land conflicts
Authors: Yukhachev Sergei P. , Nikolashin Vadim P.
Published: February 2021

The crisis in agriculture in the first years of Soviet power was the result of a number of systemic mistakes, both in the political sphere and in the economy. Food requisitioning, repression, mobilization, a brutal struggle against desertion, the forcible planting of collective farms, abuses by local authorities and a number of accompanying factors led to an increase in social tension. But the key reason for the emergence of “Antonovschina”, nevertheless, was the economic situation of the village and the limited resources to which both the village and the state claimed. We examine the problem of the influence of land conflicts on the growth of anti-Soviet sentiments in the black earth village. The influence of the land issue on the development of a powerful peasant movement is investigated. Within the framework of land conflicts in the village, contradictions in the goals of the authorities and the peasantry, the polarity of their ideas and values (including in mental attitudes) played an equally important role. It was these reasons that formed the economic and political conflict in the black earth village in the period under study, rooted in the events of 1917–1918.
Officers of the Russian Imperial army as part of the confrontation sides of the Tambov rebellion of 1920–1921
Authors: Kanishchev Vladimir V.
Published: February 2021

We consider a new aspect of the well-studied themе, related to objective circumstances and subjective motives for choosing a life position in the Civil war: the entry of former officers of the Russian Imperial army into the ranks of the Soviet or rebel armed forces. First of all, contradic-tions in information about the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary military service of a se-lected circle of persons are revealed. With a sufficient degree of accuracy, 16 former officers who became the leaders of the suppression of the “Antonovshchina” in 1920–1921 and a maximum of 23 rebel commanders from the ranks of officers of the “old” army are identified. Differences of the social and professional image of the commanders of the opposing sides are established. Among the Soviet commanders, career officers from different classes prevailed, including 5 peasants (only 1 – Russian), of non-Tambov origin, who entered the region no earlier than 1917. On the contrary, among the rebel military leaders, all, except for one tradesman, came from the peasant class (only 3 were not from the Tambov Governorate). However, the loyalty of some former rebel commanders to their political leadership was low. Therefore, the study specially analyzes the “psychology of betrayal” of such people who went over to the side of the Soviet troops. The military leaders of the suppression of the Tambov rebellion, who came from the officer environment, made a choice in favor of Soviet power in 1917–1918 and by 1920 they repeatedly showed loyalty to the “workers’ and peasants’ state”. However, for the time being, this state recognized the devotion of, in principle, alien to it “gold-chasers”. In the 1930s almost all officers who took part in the suppression of the Tambov rebellion became victims of political repression.
Pedagogical conditions of the development of language teachers’ professional communicative skills of written feedback
Authors: Ershova Tatiana A.
Published: February 2021

The concept of ‘‘written pedagogical feedback’’ is analyzed, its types are singled out. Four pedagogical conditions for the development of future language teachers’ professional com-municative skills of written feedback are singled out. The first pedagogical condition is the clear structure of the course content. This condition is formulated based on the didactic principle of modularity of the structural content of education. The structure of the course content aimed at the development of language teachers’ professional communicative skills of written feedback is outlined. The course content consists of three structural elements, each of them being broken down into component parts. The second pedagogical condition is the implementation of the principle of reliance on intersubject connections. The necessity of taking into account knowledge, skills, abilities and experience acquired by students in the course of study within the discipline ‘‘Foreign language’’ and disciplines of their professional cycle is explained. The third pedagogical condition is students’ language proficiency level being developed at B2 level according to Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) or higher. To formulate this condition, the analysis of ten CEFR scales with the skills which underlie the process of giving students written feedback after assessing their written works was carried out. The fourth pedagogical condition is the use of mono- and polyfunctional communicative tasks. The terms ‘‘exercise’’ and ‘‘task’’ in language teaching are analyzed, the task types that can be used to develop future teachers’ professional communicative skills of written feedback are identified.
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS ON GLASSES USED BY STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA CLASS OF 2016
Authors: Anjani Hana Letitia , Purwanta Marijam , Rochmanti Maftuchah
Published: February 2021

Background: People nowadays suffer from refractive disorder that declines the vision. The most common therapy to overcome this problem is to use glasses. The continuous use of glasses and the difficulties on disinfecting the entire surface can cause bacterial contamination. Those bacteria can cause various eye diseases. This fact pushed the researcher to find out if there were bacterial contaminants on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga class of 2016. Objective: To prove the species of bacterial contaminants and pathogenic bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga class of 2016. Material and Method: Cotton swab moistened in sterile distilled water was swabbed to 30 glasses on its inside lens and the part touching the nose. The sample was then inoculated on blood Agar and Mac Conkey, and incubated for 24 hours in 37°C. Then, the isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Results: The whole sample that had been examined was contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with risk of causing eye diseases. Those bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp. (50%), Pseudomonas sp. (46%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (16%). Conclusion: The result of this research showed that there was contamination by bacteria on glasses used by students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga class of 2016. All bacteria found were pathogenic to the eye. This showed that glasses could become a reservoir of the pathogenic bacteria that could potentially cause recurring eye infection.
PENGENALAN HAK-HAK KONSTITUSIONAL WARGA NEGARA DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Pratiwi Dian Kus
Published: February 2021

Sebagai negara yang berdasarkan hukum, maka salah satu yang menjadi indikatornya adalah adanya jaminan hak asasi manusia dan hak warga negara. dalam konteks negara yang berkedaulatan rakyat maka perlu sebuah pemahaman yang baik terkait hak-hak Konstitutional yang dimiliki oleh warga negara. rendahnya minat warga negara menggunakan hak pilihnya dalam proses demokrasi menjadi salah satu indikator kurangnya pengenalan hak-hak warga negara. salah satu peran sekolah adalah seain sebagai tempat menjadi ilmu namun juga sebagai tempat edukasi. Maka dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan pengenalan hak-hak constitutional warga negara di sekolah. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan cara sosialisasi dan Tanya jawab secara langsung dengan peserta didik. Hasil pengabdian menunjukan bahwa, tingginya keingintahuan peserta didik terkait dengan apa itu hak constitutional warga negara, apa macam-macamnya, dan bagaimana proses pelaksanaan hak konstititutional warga negara tersebut. Perlu untuk melanjutkan sosialisasi yang serupa pada tahun-tahun berikutnya. Agar siswa-siswi lain juga memahami dan mengetahui hak konstitusionalnya sebagai warga negara. Hal ini penting dilakukan mengingat jumlah peserta dalam kegiatan sosialisasi ini sangat terbatas sehingga tidak semua siswa dapat ikut serta.
Epidemiological Situation on COVID-19 in Irkutsk Region and Forecast for its Spread
Authors: Balakhonov S. V. , Chesnokova M. V. , Perezhogin A. N. , Nikitin A. Ya. , Kaverzina S. V. , Breneva N. V. , Dugarzhapova Z. F. , Savinykh D. F. , Potalitsina N. E. , Gavrilova T. A. , Likhanova N. A. , Chumachenko I. G. , Khakimova M. I.
Published: February 2021

Assessment of a particular territory by its epidemiological significance is very relevant in the light of widespread occurrence of new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, in the Russian Federation.

Objective. Detection of the epidemiological features and revealing trends in the epidemic process of new coronavirus infection in the Irkutsk Region and forecasting of its spread.

Materials and methods. An operational analysis of the epidemiological situation on COVID-19 in the Irkutsk Region as of August 16, 2020 was performed. Restrictive measures were substantiated based on the calculation of the infection spread rate (Rt).

Results and discussion. Irkutsk Region remained one of the adverse territories as regards human COVID-19 incidence in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation as of August 16, 2020. The gradual dynamics of the epidemic process was revealed: at the first stage of the epidemic development it was facilitated by the imported cases from affected countries and regions of the Russian Federation, and subsequently by local transmission. The incidence increase was registered 2 months later than in central regions of the Russian Federation. Currently there is a consistent downward trend. The increase in the cases prevailed among rotation workers staying for shift and seasonal activities in the administrative center and northern districts of the Irkutsk Region. The epidemic pattern was determined by gender, age and social characteristics. It is demonstrated that the risk of the new coronavirus infection is determined by the intensity of contacts in family foci, the spread of infection in medical organizations and a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers. High lethality rates (0.7 %) and mortality rates (31.1 o / oooo) were established among persons over 65 years. The stationary time series observed since June for changing the Rt-indicator with fluctuations ranging from 0.92 to 1.01 requires maintaining control of restrictive measures with prompt management decisions making based on the evolving epidemiological situation in the Irkutsk Region and taking into account the assessment of its possible complication risks.
Obtaining Recombinant Antigens for the Development of Serological Diagnosis of Marburg Fever
Authors: Volkova N. V. , Ivanova A. V. , Isaeva A. A. , Polezhaeva O. A. , Zaykovskaya A. V. , Shcherbakov D. N. , Kazachinskaya E. I.
Published: February 2021

Aim. Production of recombinant viral antigens of the main immunodominant proteins: glycoprotein (GPΔMLD), nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein (VP40) of the Marburg virus, as well as the study of their antigenic and immunogenic properties.

Materials and methods. To create recombinant proteins GPΔMLD, NP and VP40 of the Marburg virus, synthesized nucleotide sequences encoding these proteins cloned into the pET21a expression vector were used. The immunogenic and antigenic properties of the obtained recombinant proteins were tested using a number of biomodels (mice, chickens, and guinea pigs).

Results and discussion. Recombinant plasmids containing genes encoding proteins GPΔMLD, NP, VP40 of the Marburg virus, as well as Escherichia coli producing strains, with the yield of purified preparations of recombinant proteins GPΔMLD, NP, VP40 from one liter of culture fluid – 5, 10, and 10 μg were obtained, respectively. When mice are immunized, recombinant proteins GP, NP, and VP40 MARV induce the synthesis of high titer antibodies (recombinant proteins NP and VP40 – more than 409600, and recombinant protein GPΔMLD – 12800). Mouse antibodies specific to recombinant proteins interact in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the antigen of inactivated MARV. Antibodies of chickens immunized with virus-like particles containing the surface glycoprotein of the Marburg virus and antibodies of guinea pigs immunized with an experimental DNA vaccine containing the GPΔMLD MARV gene recognize the recombinant GPΔMLD protein and the viral protein in the inactivated MARV. The resulting recombinant proteins are immunogenic/antigenic and can be used for the development of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay systems.