bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning-based predictions of imprinting quality using ensemble and non-linear regression algorithms
Authors: Yarahmadi Bita , Hashemianzadeh Seyed Majid , Milani Hosseini Seyed Mohammad-Reza
Published: July 2023

The molecularly imprinted polymers are artificial polymers that, during the synthesis, create specific sites for a definite purpose. These polymers due to their characteristics such as stability, easy of synthesis, reproducibility, reusability, high accuracy, and selectivity have many applications. However, the variety of the functional monomers, templates, solvents, and synthesis conditions like pH, temperature, the rate of stirring, and time, limit the selectivity of imprinting. The Practical optimization of the synthetic conditions has many drawbacks, including chemical compound usage, equipment requirements, and time costs. The use of machine learning (ML) for the prediction of the imprinting factor (IF), which indicates the quality of imprinting is a very interesting idea to overcome these problems. The ML has many advantages, for example a lack of human error, high accuracy, high repeatability, and prediction of a large amount of data in the minimum time. In this research, ML was used to predict the IF using non-linear regression algorithms, including classification and regression tree, support vector regression, and k-nearest neighbors, and ensemble algorithms, like gradient boosting (GB), random forest, and extra trees. The data sets were obtained practically in the laboratory, and inputs, included pH, the type of the template, the type of the monomer, solvent, the distribution coefficient of the MIP (KMIP), and the distribution coefficient of the non-imprinted polymer (KNIP). The mutual information feature selection method was used to select the important features affecting the IF. The results showed that the GB algorithm had the best performance in predicting the IF, and using this algorithm, the maximum R2 value (R2 = 0.871), and the minimum mean absolute error (MAE = − 0.982), and mean square error were obtained (MSE = − 2.303).
An intranasal vaccine comprising SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain protein entrapped in mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticle provides protection in hamsters
Authors: Tabynov Kairat , Solomadin Maxim , Turebekov Nurkeldi , Babayeva Meruert , Fomin Gleb , Yadagiri Ganesh , Renu Sankar , Yerubayev Toktassyn , Petrovsky Nikolai , Renukaradhya Gourapura J. , Tabynov Kaissar
Published: July 2023

We developed a novel intranasal SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine called NARUVAX-C19/Nano based on the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) entrapped in mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (NP). A toll-like receptor 9 agonist, CpG55.2, was also added as an adjuvant to see if this would potentiate the cellular immune response to the NP vaccine. The NP vaccine was assessed for immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and ability to prevent virus transmission from vaccinated animals to naive cage-mates. The results were compared with a RBD protein vaccine mixed with alum adjuvant and administered intramuscularly. BALB/c mice vaccinated twice intranasally with the NP vaccines exhibited secretory IgA and a pronounced Th1-cell response, not seen with the intramuscular alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine. NP vaccines protected Syrian hamsters against a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection challenge as indicated by significant reductions in weight loss, lung viral load and lung pathology. However, despite significantly reduced viral load in the nasal turbinates and oropharyngeal swabs from NP-vaccinated hamsters, virus transmission was not prevented to naïve cage-mates. In conclusion, intranasal RBD-based NP formulations induced mucosal and Th1-cell mediated immune responses in mice and protected Syrian hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 infection but not against viral transmission.
Development of homogeneous dispersive solid phase extraction using albumin as a green sorbent and its combination with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: application in extraction of pesticides from fruit juices
Authors: Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Abbasalizadeh Aysa , Nemati Mahboob , Alizadeh Nabil Ali Akbar , Tuzen Mustafa , Pourali Ali
Published: July 2023

In the current study, salt- and pH-induced homogeneous dispersive solid phase extraction was developed using albumin as a sorbent for the extraction of some pesticides (diazinon, diniconazole, haloxyfop-R-methyl, and hexaconazole) from fruit juice of orange, pomegranate, and barberry.
Multiple fluorescence and hydrogen peroxide-responsive properties of novel triphenylamine–benzothiazole derivatives
Authors: Tang Jiyu , Zhang Kaiming , Ni Tong , Xu Bin , Hou Binjie , Liu Xiaoqiang , Jiang Weidong
Published: July 2023

A novel low-toxicity benzothiazole-based fluorescent probe (BZT-TPA-BO) with the ESIPT luminescence mechanism exhibited highly efficient performance for detecting hydrogen peroxide.
Divergent synthesis of pyrrole carboxamides from pyrrole carboxaldehyde and formamides/amines via oxidative amidation involving pyrrole acyl radicals
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Panday Surabhi , Weber J. Patrick , Breugst Martin
Published: July 2023

A non-traditional, divergent approach to the synthesis of pyrrole carboxamides from pyrrole carboxaldehydes and formamides or amines via oxidative amination in the presence of TBHP and a catalytic amount of TBAI is reported.
Facile solid-state synthesis of a layered Co-free, Ni-rich cathode material for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Murugan Saravanakumar , Zhang Ruizhuo , Janek Jürgen , Kondrakov Aleksandr , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: July 2023

A Co-free, Ni-rich cathode active material has been synthesized via solid-state reaction, showing good cycling performance and stability in lithium-thiophosphate-based all-solid-state batteries.
A lens-shaped supramolecule based on the bulky pentaphosphaferrocene [CpBIGFe(η5-P5)] and CuBr2
Authors: Heinl Sebastian , Peresypkina Eugenia , Kremer Werner , Scheer Manfred
Published: July 2023

The self-assembled supramolecule with a lens-shaped compact core comprising six pentaphosphaferrocene units and {CuBr}32 stands out from hollow fullerene-like spherical assemblies obtained in the coordination chemistry of pentaphosphaferrocenes.
Molecular dynamics simulations of electrified interfaces including the metal polarisation
Authors: Ntim Samuel , Sulpizi Marialore
Published: July 2023

Understanding electrified interfaces requires an accurate description of the electric double layer which also takes into account the metal polarisation.
Ab initio simulations of ultrashort laser pulse interaction with Cl–Si(100): implications for atomic layer etching
Authors: Wang Peizhi , Fang Fengzhou
Published: July 2023

RTTDDFT-MD simulations reveal the desorption dynamics of SiCl from Cl–Si(100) under ultrafast laser pulses towards a laser-induced atomic layer etching approach.
Stepwise construction of multi-component metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Gao Lei , Yuan Shuai
Published: July 2023

This review outlines stepwise synthesis strategies for multi-component metal–organic frameworks, emphasizing their distinct advantages for gas adsorption, water remediation, heterogeneous catalysis, luminescence, and chemical sensing.
Exclusive confinement of Bi3+-activators in the triangular prism enabling efficient and thermally stable green emission in the tridymite-type phosphor CaBaGa4O8:Bi3+
Authors: Qin Jie , Jiang Pengfei , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: July 2023

Incorporation of Bi3+-activators and Zn2+-charge compensators into the triangular prism site and the Ga3+-site, respectively, improves the quantum efficiency and maintains high photoluminescence thermal stability.
An electrochemical impedimetric platform formed by a CNT@UiO-66 nanocomposite for quantitative analysis of oxytetracycline
Authors: Yuan Rongrong , Chen Hongxu , Liu Jiawei , Li Ruyu , He Hongming
Published: July 2023

A sensitive electrochemical aptasensor based on CNT@UiO-66 was successfully fabricated to detect trace oxytetracyclineviaimpedance signals with good stability, high selectivity, and fine reproducibility.
Turn-on fluorescence of ruthenium pyrene complexes in response to bovine serum albumin
Authors: Opačak Saša , Pernar Kovač Margareta , Brozovic Anamaria , Piantanida Ivo , Kirin Srećko I.
Published: July 2023

Two pyrene triphenylphosphine ruthenium compounds whose fluorescence is fully quenched in aqueous media but is recovered upon binding with bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Three-component reaction for the synthesis of imides enabled by electrochemical C(sp3)–H functionalization
Authors: Chu Qiao , Feng Zhaoyue , Zhang Sumin , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: July 2023

An electrochemical three-component cascade reaction of aryl acids, nitriles, and alkylbenzenes was developed for the synthesis of imides. The products could be applied to synthesize amides, as well as primary or tertiary amines.
Intraoperative diagnosis of early lymphatic metastasis using neodymium-based rare-earth NIR-II fluorescence nanoprobe
Authors: Duan Guangxin , Zhang Jingyu , Wei Zhuxin , Wang Ximing , Zeng Jianfeng , Wu Shuwang , Hu Chunhong , Wen Ling
Published: July 2023

The precise diagnosis of early lymphatic metastasis can be achieved with the assistance of Gd:Nd-RENPs.
A Janus membrane doped with carbon nanotubes for wet–thermal management
Authors: Tian Boyang , Hu Miaomiao , Yang Yiwen , Wu Jing
Published: July 2023

A Janus membrane was prepared by chemical modification and electrospinning with CNTs. It exhibited excellent unidirectional liquid transport and photothermal conversion, as well as outstanding synergistic management of wetness and heat.
MXene-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties for biomedical applications
Authors: Yang Rong , Wen Shiqi , Cai Shuangfei , Zhang Wei , Wu Ting , Xiong Youlin
Published: July 2023

The recent progress of MXene-based nanozymes is reviewed, including the synthetic methods, enzyme-like properties, and biomedical applications.
3D printable, excellent temperature adaptable and wearable supercapacitors from TPU/PPy/MnCO3 matrix gel
Authors: Praveenkumar Subramanian , Selvam Samayanan , Yim Jin-Heong
Published: July 2023

A 3D printable, wearable supercapacitor gel system was approached and it can work at rough weather temperature conditions.
Synthesis of N-oxyamide analogues of protein kinase B (Akt) targeting anionic glycoglycerolipids and their antiproliferative activity on human ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Zuccolo Marco , Orsini Giulia , Quaglia Martina , Mirra Luca , Corno Cristina , Carenini Nives , Perego Paola , Colombo Diego
Published: July 2023

N-Oxyamides of bioactive anionic glycoglycerolipids based on 2-O-β-d-glucosylglycerol were efficiently prepared. The N-oxyamide group could increase the antiproliferative activity of glycoglycerolipids.
NbCl5-catalyzed sulfa-Michael addition for constructing quaternary centers in enones
Authors: Ye Mingxia , Xu Yingying , Song Tianhang , Gao Zhenbo
Published: July 2023

A novel NbCl5-catalyzed addition of tri-substituted enones and thiols has been developed, obtaining 27 different sulfur-containing quaternary centers with moderate to high yields.
Retraction: Deoxygenative cross-electrophile coupling of benzyl chloroformates with aryl iodides
Authors: Pan Yingying , Gong Yuxin , Song Yanhong , Tong Weiqi , Gong Hegui
Published: July 2023

Retraction of ‘Deoxygenative cross-electrophile coupling of benzyl chloroformates with aryl iodides’ by Yingying Pan et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 4230–4233, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9OB00628A.
Catalytic reactions of oxalic acid degradation with Pt/SiO2 as a catalyst in nitric acid solutions
Authors: Hao Shuai , Li Bin , Liu Zhanyuan , Huang Wenlong , Jiang Dongmei , Xia Liangshu
Published: July 2023

Large quantities of solutions containing oxalic acid and nitric acid are produced from nuclear fuel reprocessing, but oxalic acid must be removed before nitric acid and plutonium ions can be recovered in these solutions.
The mathematical catalyst deactivation models: a mini review
Authors: Shakor Zaidoon M. , Al-Shafei Emad N.
Published: July 2023

Different reaction mechanisms and complex phenomenon of catalyst deactivation play significant role in the catalytic process design and optimization.
Surface-strain-enhanced oxygen dissociation on gold catalysts
Authors: Gao Tianqi , Shen Yongli , Gu Lin , Zhang Zhaocheng , Yuan Wenjuan , Xi Wei
Published: July 2023

The tensile strain on the gold surface enhanced oxidation activity by inducing the formation of active oxygen atoms.
Restriction of intramolecular rotation for functionalizing metal nanoclusters
Authors: Xin Junsheng , Xu Jing , Zhu Chen , Tian Yupeng , Zhang Qiong , Kang Xi , Zhu Manzhou
Published: July 2023

The restriction of intramolecular rotation was exploited for endowing metal nanoclusters with superior thermal stability and photoluminescence intensity.
Shear-induced criticality in glasses shares qualitative similarities with the Gardner phase
Authors: Oyama Norihiro , Mizuno Hideyuki , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: July 2023

Plasticity of glasses in sheared steady state might reflect underlying Gardner physics.
Increased stiffness of omental arteries from late pregnant women at advanced maternal age
Authors: Wooldridge Amy L. , Chan Christy , Spaans Floor , Quon Anita , Steinback Craig D. , Davenport Margie H. , Davidge Sandra T. , Cooke Christy-Lynn M.
Published: July 2023

Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) is a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy requires extensive maternal vascular adaptations, and with age, our blood vessels become stiffer and change in structure (collagen and elastin). However, the effect of advanced maternal age on the structure of human resistance arteries during pregnancy is unknown. As omental resistance arteries contribute to blood pressure regulation, assessing their structure in pregnancy may inform on the causal mechanisms underlying pregnancy complications in women of advanced maternal age. Omental fat biopsies were obtained from younger (<35 years) or advanced maternal age (≥35 years) women during caesarean delivery (n = 7–9/group). Arteries (200–300 µm) were isolated and passive mechanical properties (circumferential stress and strain) assessed with pressure myography. Collagen (Masson’s Trichrome) and elastin (Verhoff) were visualized histologically and % positively-stained area was assessed. Median maternal age was 32 years (range 25–34) for younger, and 38 years (range 35–42) for women of advanced maternal age. Circumferential strain was lower in arteries from advanced maternal age versus younger women but circumferential stress was not different. Omental artery collagen levels were similar, while elastin levels were lower with advanced maternal age versus younger pregnancies. The collagen:elastin ratio was greater in arteries from advanced maternal age versus younger women. In conclusion, omental arteries from women of advanced maternal age were less compliant with less elastin compared with arteries of younger controls, which may affect how vascular stressors are tolerated during pregnancy. Understanding how vascular aging affects pregnancy adaptations may contribute to better pregnancy outcomes.
Why Are Causal and Temporal Connectives Difficult to Understand? A Comparison Between Italian Hearing Good and Poor Comprehenders and Deaf Poor Comprehenders
Authors: Arfé Barbara , Carretti Barbara , van den Broek Paul , Benincasa Paola , Genovese Elisabetta , Oakhill Jane
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Both hearing poor comprehenders (PCs) and deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) PCs have problems in understanding causal and temporal coherence relations signaled by connectives. The study examined whether hearing and DHH PCs' problems with connective understanding are similar and mainly related to their limited vocabulary, including knowledge of connective words, or to their poor reading comprehension abilities more generally.

Method:

Three groups of 7- to 10-year-old readers, matched on grade level (hearing PCs, DHH PCs, and hearing good comprehenders [GCs]) performed a reading comprehension task, a vocabulary task, and causal and temporal connective understanding tasks. Hearing and DHH PCs were also matched on reading comprehension and decoding abilities.

Results:

The DHH PCs performed significantly worse than both the hearing GCs and PCs in temporal and causal connective understanding. Significant differences between hearing PCs and GCs were found only in causal connective understanding. DHH readers' difficulties in causal connective understanding were significantly associated with poorer vocabulary knowledge. In contrast, vocabulary knowledge did not uniquely contribute to hearing PCs' difficulties with causal connective understanding, once their reading comprehension skills were controlled for.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that despite a similar reading profile, DHH PCs' difficulties with causal connective understanding are more closely related to their vocabulary delay, whereas hearing PCs' difficulties are more strongly influenced by their poor text integration processes (as indexed by their reading comprehension skills). Neither vocabulary knowledge nor reading comprehension skills contributed to the explanation of DHH readers and hearing PCs' temporal connective understanding.
Diadochokinesis Performance and Its Link to Cognitive Control: Alternating Versus Non-Alternating Diadochokinesis
Authors: Janse Esther , Shen Chen , de Kerf Esther
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

In a previous publication, we observed that maximum speech performance in a nonclinical sample of young adult speakers producing
alternating
diadochokinesis (DDK) sequences (e.g., rapidly repeating “pataka”) was associated with cognitive control: Those with better cognitive switching abilities (i.e., switching flexibly between tasks or mental sets) showed higher DDK accuracy. To follow up on these results, we investigated whether this previously observed association is specific to the rapid production of
alternating
sequences or also holds for
non-alternating
sequences (e.g., “tatata”).

Method:

For the same sample of 78 young adults as in our previous study, we additionally analyzed their accuracy and rate performance on non-alternating sequences to investigate whether executive control abilities (i.e., indices of speakers' updating, inhibition, and switching abilities) were more strongly associated with production of alternating, as compared with non-alternating, sequences.

Results:

Of the three executive control abilities, only switching predicted both DDK accuracy and rate. The association between cognitive switching (and updating ability) and DDK
accuracy
was only observed for alternating sequences. The DDK
rate
model included a simple effect of cognitive switching, such that those with better switching ability showed slower diadochokinetic rates across the board. Thus, those with better cognitive ability showed more accurate (alternating) diadochokinetic production and slower maximum rates for both alternating and non-alternating sequences.

Conclusion:

These combined results suggest that those with better executive control have better control over their maximum speech performance and show that the link between cognitive control and maximum speech performance also holds for non-alternating sequences.
Analysis of Needlet Internal Linear Combination performance on B-mode data from sub-orbital experiments
Authors: Carones Alessandro , Migliaccio Marina , Marinucci Domenico , Vittorio Nicola
Published: July 2023

Context. The observation of primordial B modes in cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarisation data represents the main scientific goal of most of the future CMB experiments. This signal is predicted to be much lower than polarised Galactic emission (foregrounds) in any region of the sky, pointing to the need for effective component separation methods.

Aims. Among all the techniques, the blind Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC) is of great relevance given our current limited knowledge of the B-mode foregrounds. In this work, we explore the possibility of employing NILC for the analysis of B modes reconstructed from partial-sky data, specifically addressing the complications that such an application yields such as E–B leakage, needlet filtering, and beam convolution.

Methods. We consider two complementary simulated datasets of future experiments: the balloon-borne Short Wavelength Instrument for the Polarisation Explorer (SWIPE) of the Large Scale Polarisation Explorer, which targets the observation of both reionisation and recombination peaks of the primordial CMB B-mode angular power spectrum, and the ground-based Small Aperture Telescope of Simons Observatory, which, instead, is designed to observe only the recombination bump at ℓ ∼ 80. We assessed the performance of the following two alternative techniques to correct for the CMB E–B leakage: the recycling technique and the Zhao-Baskaran method.

Results. We find that both techniques reduce the E–B leakage residuals at a negligible level given the sensitivity of the considered experiments, except for the recycling method in the SWIPE footprint at ℓ < 20. Thus, we implemented two extensions of the pipeline, the iterative B decomposition and the diffusive inpainting, which enabled us to recover the input CMB B-mode power for ℓ ≥ 5. For the considered experiments, we demonstrate that needlet filtering and beam convolution do not affect the CMB B-mode reconstruction. Finally, with an appropriate masking strategy, we find that NILC foregrounds subtraction allows one to achieve sensitivities on the tensor-to-scalar ratio in agreement with the targets of the considered CMB experiments.
A new heavy anion in IRC + 10216: Theory favors C10H− versus C9N−
Authors: Pardo J. R. , Cabezas C. , Agúndez M. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , de Vicente P. , Guélin M. , Cernicharo J.
Published: July 2023

Continuing Q-band (31–50 GHz) integrations on IRC +10216 with the Yebes 40 m telescope have now reached sub-millikelvin noise with hundreds of new lines arising above an average 3σ detection limit of 0.71 mK (as low as 0.45 mK in the lower frequency end). The recent discovery of the C7N− anion and the relatively large abundance of the HC9N member of the cyanopolyyne family opens the door for searching in the data for harmonically related series of lines belonging to singlet species, with intensities close to the detection limit, that could belong to heavier anions. One such series has been found with rotational quantum numbers from J = 52 − 51 up to J = 74 − 73, with at least 15 distinguishable features clearly detected as isolated or partly blended. There are two main candidates for the carriers of the series: C9N− and/or C10H−, for which our high-level-of-theory ab initio calculations predict a quite compatible rotational constant of ~300 MHz. In this paper we discuss, based on our ab initio calculations and also on chemical models, which of these two candidates is the most likely carrier. There is more evidence for the C10H− candidate. It would be, to date, the heaviest anion discovered in space through a series of detected individual lines.
Improvement of an existing building shallow foundation using soil nails supported retaining wall: A numerical assessment
Authors: Duc Bui Van , Manh Nguyen Van , Osinski Piotr
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the need to expand the land area for infrastructure development, such as roads and streets near residential buildings, in urban areas in Vietnam has become more widespread. Such tendency leads to narrowing of the space available for further development thus the ground condition around existing buildings often need improvement. The foundations of existing buildings can no longer bear additional stresses. In such cases the foundation and the ground conditions need engineering solutions to provide geotechnical safety. The present paper presnts a numerical anlyses of soil nailing, to enhance the stability of the foundation of an existing building constructed on firm clay soil. The finite element method was empolyed to compute the stability of the foundation with/without incorporating soil nail reinforcements. Additionally, the analyses concern also the retaining wall construction to assure long-term performance of proposed scenarios. The numerical computation results indicate that the stability of the foundation improved by soil nailing was not enough to meet the ultimate limit state. The combination of a retaining wall supported by soil nails increased the factor of safety to a value considered sufficient. The settlements, as well as the horizontal displacements analyses proved the correctness of proposed solutions.
Multipurpose Attachment System for Ploughing, Spraying and Creating Ridges in Agriculture
Authors: Sawant Sachin , Godase Vaishnavi , Ghundre Saurabh , Ghurye Aditya , Ghule Chaitrali , Ghume Abhishek , Giri Sanika
Published: July 2023

Small-scale farmers would be benefited from versatile attachments that may be used to automate chores that would typically need both human and animal efforts in terms of cost and labor. Farming is made simpler and faster by mechanization. For practically every task in agriculture, there is a machine accessible. Various machines are used to do all the steps right from preparing the soil to crop harvesting and beyond, thus making chores not only easier to complete but also do them effectively. Modern agricultural equipment is more expensive and out of the reach of the majority of farmers with little resources. Due to their low-income levels, most farmers are unable to invest in the purchase of significant machinery. Given the aforementioned circumstances, it is necessary to create a piece of machinery that can be used for a variety of tasks, including ploughing, creating ridges, and Spraying. In order to address this issue the present paper reports the fabrication of a novel machine with multifunctional attachments to carry out above mentioned tasks efficiently and economically.
Study of Different Parameters of Mixing on Biogas Production from Food Waste
Authors: Karne Hemlata U. , Sharif Aftab A.
Published: July 2023

Food waste generation is an increasing issue, and the disposal of it is controversial. It raises food prices, and the municipal solid waste contains 8.4% food waste by weight. The current study generates a pilot plant for converting food waste to biogas production as an energy source for tremendous paths. The present work deals with the study of the effect of mixing on biogas production from food waste in the pilot-scale digesters. A propeller agitator was employed for mixing in an anaerobic digester. Multiple experimental trials were addressed to optimize the parameters participating in the process of biogas production in semi-continuous operation at mesophilic conditions. Different mixing duration and mixing frequency was studied at the mixing speed of 5 rpm and a comparison was carried out with reference to the digester without a mixing facility. The highest biogas production of 0.12 m3/(kg dry mass) was observed at the mixing time of 5 min compared with the duration of 10 min and 15 min and without mixing conditions. Mixing once in a day obtained biogas production in the range 0.048 to 0.071 m3/(kg dry mass) while mixing at two times in a day obtained biogas production in the range of 0.019 to 0.0357 m3/(kg dry mass). Hence, mixing frequency once a day provided almost double biogas production. Effect of temperature and pH was also studied with different mixing duration and found that mixing duration of 5 min was the best for biogas production from food waste. Minimum mixing of 5 min is required once a day in semi-continuous digestion for stable biogas production. The study concluded to a point that mixing is important for stable processes and maximum biogas production.
Prediction of Responses for Simarouba Biodiesel based CRDI Engine using General Regression Neural Network
Authors: Nithyananda B.S. , Naveen Prakash G.V. , Manjunath Aradhya V.N. , Mohan Krishna S.A. , Vinay K.B. , Ankegowda Naveen , Ravi K.S. , Imran Khalid
Published: July 2023

The evaluation of performance and emission of Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) engine fuelled by various biodiesel at different operating conditions is time consuming and expensive. This can be overcome by using prediction techniques like GRNN. The GRNN model is developed using ‘newgrnn’ function in Matlab R2019b software to predict the performance and emission responses of CRDI engine for simarouba biodiesel. A total of 27 experimental dataset of each biodiesel is used for development of model. Out of 27 experimental dataset, 21 datasets are selected randomly for training the model. The remaining 6 datasets are utilized for testing the GRNN model. In this study, 20 different values of spread parameters within the range 0.05 to 1 with step increment of 0.05 are chosen. As a result, 20 simulations are performed and the best predicted results are chosen based on least mean error. The optimum spread parameter for simarouba, pongamia and composite biodiesel GRNN model was found to be 0.1, 0.1 and 0.05 respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of different responses are found to be acceptable. The results indicated that GRNN model for the prediction of engine responses yields good correlation with experimental values and are acceptable for new predictions.
Mathematical Modelling of Solar Still and its Comparison Analysis with Experimental Investigation through Parametric Analysis
Authors: Vasava Vinay , Singhal Ath , Bhatt Anand , Memon Shebaz , Raval Tejas
Published: July 2023

Solar distillation is very much effective for availing drinkable pot water, especially in desert areas and salt-producing areas. A Solar Still is a device that can be used to convert impure (saline) water into fresh drinking water using the process of Distillation. The energy source used in a Solar Still is sunlight thus it uses renewable energy. This paper describes a set of equations that can be used to find the distillate yield of a solar still by taking input parameters such as Solar Insolation and the basin area. A solar still is used for producing fresh drinking water from impure water and the equations help in estimating the yield. It also determines the efficiency of the solar still.
Performance Optimization and Numerical Analysis of Boiler at Husk Fuel Based Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Mohan Ravindra , Saxena Nishant Vibhav , Shrivastava Ashish , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar , Choubey Abhishek , Kumar Santosh
Published: July 2023

The increasing cost of fuel oil forced the industry to search for alternate fuels, and biomass. In general, rice husks were considered an appropriate substitute for producing energy. Because, the use of rice husk offered lot of benefits such as reduction in emission of sulfur and other pollutants connected with the use of other fossil fuel, cheaper than coal (approx. 36%), and carbon neutral. Hence, in this paper, water, Fuel and Steam generation data of husk-based Boiler has been measured, numerically analyzed and plotted graphically. The results revealed that husk based thermal power plant has huge potential. Further, it is supposed that exploiting the renewable energy potential and utilizing agricultural waste will be useful to the country’s energy portfolio while adding numerous environmental and social benefits (reducing CO2emissions, improving air quality, and diminishing the unemployment rate).
To study the synthesis and characterization of photocatalyst TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite prepared by Co-Precipitation method
Authors: Gupta Ankita , Sharma Deepika , Vashishtha Indu , Gupta Anuj , Sharma Ruchika
Published: July 2023

We report here the synthesis of Nanocomposites of TiO2/SiO2 by the wet chemical method i.e. Coprecipitation method. The sample of TiO2 and SiO2 and composite of TiO2/SiO2 calcined at 600 °C and were structurally analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction. The values of cell parameter, Wyckoff position, sites etc. of prepared samples were also calculated. The size of the crystal of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites was obtained as 33.2 nm. The visualization of crystal structure of both TiO2 and SiO2 were also discussed in this paper.
Generating electricity from solid waste and biodiesel
Authors: Rajas Neha , Nikam Poonam , Jadhavrao Pooja , Pise Aarya , Pokale Vaibhav , Pithe Sarthak , Pise Rahul
Published: July 2023

The everyday solid waste created by human activity can be used to produce energy from which electricity can be produced. Municipal solid trash is currently increasing, which has complicated and complicated its disposal. Thus, a suitable process and planning are required for lowering solid waste. The necessity to develop an alternate source that may be used as fuel to produce electricity has arisen due to the depletion of fossil fuels as an energy source in today’s generation. We have suggested a substantial, most suitable approach that would enable us to simultaneously generate more electricity and reduce the volume of solid waste in order to fulfill the growing demand for electricity and power generation. This research also demonstrates a technique for converting biomass to energy.
Ambient Sound Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Chandel Garima , Matete Evance , Nandy Tanush , Gaur Varun , Kumar Saini Sandeep
Published: July 2023

Due to its many uses in areas including voice recognition, music analysis, and security systems, sound recognition has attracted a lot of attention. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become a potent tool for sound recognition, producing cutting-edge outcomes in a variety of challenges. In this study, we will look at the architecture of CNNs, several training methods used to enhance their performance, and accuracy testing. The performance of the proposed sound recognition technique has been tested using 1000 audio files from the UrbanSounds8K dataset. The accuracy results obtained by using a CNN and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models were 95.6% and 93% respectively. These results portray the efficiency of using an advanced CNN architecture with five convolution layers and a versatile dataset like Urbansoundsd8K.
Green Hydrogen for a Sustainable Future: Prospects and Challenges for Energy-Based Applications in Major Indian States by 2030
Authors: Sharma Achyuth , Hemanth P.B. , Bhavani A. , Dixit Arun C.
Published: July 2023

India is a country with a rapidly growing demand for energy. Currently, most of the country's energy demand is met by fossil fuels which are hindering our environment by contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources is clean and free from the pollution which can reduce our country's dependency on fossil fuels. Building a green hydrogen community in India can help the country to transit into sustainable development and achieve net zero emissions. Our review shows that green hydrogen can be produced in India according to the geography of the different regions rich in renewable energy resources such as solar and wind power. Many states in India have high solar energy prospectus, high wind speeds and existing infrastructure and supply chain logistics that can be used for the production and distribution of green hydrogen. States such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have been identified by the Indian government as "renewable energy clusters" and aim to support the development of green hydrogen projects. Additionally, the Indian coastal area's seawater can be used as a water source for electrolysis. These coasts are windy and suitable for wind power generation and have access to excellent ports and transport infrastructure to transport green hydrogen. Overall, India has unlimited potential for green hydrogen production due to its abundant renewable energy sources and favourable geographical conditions. India can use this potential to become a major player in the green hydrogen market with the right political and regulatory framework.
Estimating the Efficiency of Building Stones in Complex Fuzzy Environment
Authors: shanthi S. Anita , Umamakeswari T.
Published: July 2023

Rocks are importantly used as building materials. Here chemical, biochemical, clastic and organic sedimentary rocks are chosen for building stones. These rocks are tested for their efficiency in structure strength, toughness, weathering resistances and quality. Using complex picture fuzzy soft VIKOR method it is concluded that clastic sedimentary rocks is the best building stone. First a score function is defined and is used for the construction of complex picture fuzzy soft score matrix the proficiency of CPFS score function over the existing score function is established. Next entropy measure is determined from which weight values are calculated. Complex picture fuzzy soft positive and negative ideal solutions are found and hence the group utility and individual regret values are obtained. By making use of these values the compromising ranking solution is found.
Feasibility study of fly ash as a substitute for fine aggregates in concrete and its behavior by alternate wetting and drying Process
Authors: Parvati V.K. , Prakash K.B. , Deshpande Nitin
Published: July 2023

The lack of quality material in today's rocks has led to the search for other sources. The possibility of using ash fly, a byproduct of the commercial sector, as a substitute for good mixing has been investigated in this study. This article presents the results of a research experiment conducted to evaluate the strength of concrete with fly ash instead of natural sand for 45 alternating wet-dry cycles. Consider 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% replacement of fine aggregate with fly ash and subject the concrete to 45 alternate wet-dry cycles. According to IS standards, various mechanical properties of strength tests such as compressive, tensile, bending, shear and impact strength are studied in this research work. Experimental results show that the strength of ordinary concrete with fly ash obtained from natural sand greatly increases in the dry-wet transition. For this reason, it is possible to use fly ash in wet and dry transitions by combining well and it can be used effectively in concrete.
Effect of Fines on Strength of Granular Soil Reinforced with Geosynthetics
Authors: Lakshmi S. Muthu , Lakshmi S. Vidhya
Published: July 2023

Geosynthetics (GSN) are polymeric products used in Geotechnical Engineering for the purpose of improving the properties of the insitu soil. In this project, experimental work was carried out to determine the influence of presence of fines within granular soil on the CBR strength of soil reinforced with different GSN (Woven geotextile, Non-woven geotextile, Geogrid and Geonet). Two types of granular soil in disturbed state containing varying percentage of fines were selected from in and around the Chennai region. Soil type 1 contains high fines of about 40% (SHF) whereas soil type 2 contains less fines of about 7% (SLF). Unsoaked CBR (U-CBR) test was carried on unreinforced soil and on soil reinforced with different GSN placed at varying depths of D/5, 2D/5, 3D/5 and 4D/5 from top of soil (D is the total depth of soil), to determine the ideal depth of placement of GSN within SHF and SLF. Soaked CBR (S-CBR) test was carried on unreinforced soil and on soil reinforced with different GSN placed at an ideal depth determined from U-CBR test. Based on the experimental results, ideal depth of placement of GSN for SHF and SLF was found to be D/5 and 3D/5 respectively from top of the soil and Geogrid was found to be the best geosynthetic for reinforcing the granular soil containing high fines and less fines.
Feasibility of using Natural Textile-based Composite for the Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Johny Alice , Parvathy Krishnan R. , Ibrahim Shifa
Published: July 2023

In response to the growing demand for eco-friendly construction materials, natural fibers such as bamboo and jute have emerged as viable alternatives to traditional options like steel and concrete. These natural fibres offer several advantages, including high tensile properties, crack resistance, and moisture resistance, making them suitable for structural applications. This study explores the potential of bamboo textile-based composite and jute textile-based composite for retrofitting reinforced concrete beams. It was found that the 4-layer bamboo textile composite achieved a 50% increase in tensile strength and similarly, the 5-layer jute textile composite demonstrated a significant 90% increase in tensile strength. In this study, the optimized 4-layer bamboo textile and a 5-layer jute textile composite with are applied in a U-wrapping configuration for retrofitting purposes. Strengthened and preloaded beams were retrofitted and subjected to testing for comparison. The results indicate that the bamboo textile composite outperforms in terms of both strengthening and retrofitting applications.
Experimental Study on concrete behaviour with Partial Replacement of M-Sand with Unexpanded Perlite
Authors: Premalatha P.V. , Geethanjali M. , Rahuraman T. , Gurusaran S.
Published: July 2023

Traditionally, river sand was utilized as fine aggregate in concrete manufacturing. However, due to the ongoing extraction of natural river sand, its availability has become limited. Construction businesses have begun to explore for alternative sustainable resources to use as fine aggregate. Manufactured sand (M- sand), recycled concrete aggregate, crushed granite, rice husk ash, fly ash, and other materials can cause dumpsite and environmental contamination. These materials are viable substitutes for natural river sand as fine aggregate. Unexpanded perlite is also one such material which can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate. Unexpanded Perlite is a natural material in the form of volcanic glass resulted from cooled lava. This paper presents the utilization of M-Sand with partial replacement of unexpanded perlite as a fine aggregate. In the present research, the effect of unexpanded Perlite with M- sand in concrete is studied to determine the mechanical properties such as compressive strength at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, split tensile strength at 28days and flexural strength at 28 days. M-Sand is used in the range of 62%, 60%, 58%, 56%, 54%, 52% and 50% with Unexpanded Perlite UP in the percentage of 38%, 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 48% and 50% respectively. The Unexpanded Perlite can withstand the 1.5 times of thermal resistivity when compared to the conventional concrete.
The Effect of Carbon Black, MWCNT and Carbon Fiber on Flexural behavior of cement nano composites
Authors: Musale Akshata , Hunashyal A.M. , Roopa A.K
Published: July 2023

One of the most popular and commonly utilised building materials is concrete. The recent studies of materials science explains influence of nano materials on cement composite at the macro, micro or structural level and their application in construction industry. In present study flexural behavior of cement nano composite containing nano materials such such as Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Carbon fibers (CFs) and carbon black (CB) are studied. The various sample are prepared and flexural test is carried out. The flexural responses of plain cement beams and CB-CF- CNTs/cement beams were compared using single point bending tests results. The hybridization of MWCNTs, CFs, and Carbon Black coated with cement indicates improvement in mechanical properties compared to other samples. The SEM indicates the strong bonding between CFs, MWCNTs, and the cement matrix.
Comparison of Air Pollutants and Air Quality Index using Spatio-Temporal Variation in Chennai City, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Palanivelu Sangeetha , Sathya Shree T.R.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, air pollution in Chennai city in India causes some health effects. This study examines the spatial-temporal characteristics of ambient air quality in five stations Adyar, Anna Nagar, Kilpauk, Nungambakkam and Thiyagaraya Nagar from 2017 to 2022. The surface level aerosol pollutants like particulate matters (PM2.5& PM10) and gaseous pollutants Sulfur dioxide (SO2) & Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained from Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board (TPCB) for five years which includes pre-COVID, during and Post- COVID - period. The results showed that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM10), decreased by 19.49% and 31.91% respectively and gaseous pollutant SO2 and NO2 slightly increased by 7.84% and 1.2 % respectively during 2021 as compared with 2017.The particulate matter (PM2.5& PM10) level exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) as well as the WHO recommended Air Quality Guidelines during 2017-2019(Pre-COVID) and low during 2020-2021(During COVID and Post-COVID). The average Air Quality Index (AQI), calculated from the date decreased from 120(2018-2019) to 93(2020-2021) in Chennai city. The AQI and PM2.5/PM10showed the highest pollution level in winter and lower in summer. PM10 was the primary pollutant, followed by NO2, PM2.5& SO2with spatial and temporal variations. The proportion of pollutants PM2.5and PM10decreased but increased for SO2 and NO2. This study offers useful data and resources for further research on Chennai's air quality.
Sustainable disposal of face masks in concrete: An investigation of mechanical properties and environmental impact
Authors: Sabhnani Jhanvi Sunil , Ali Syed Ibrahim , Jan Kristoffer , Mohanan Vidya
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the excessive use of personal protective equipment used by people to safeguard them from contracting viruses. The use of plastic gloves and face masks has raised environmental concerns. The undue accumulation of this personal protective equipment has resulted in the degradation of land and water and contributed to the spread of the virus. Thus, this research paper is divided into two parts. The first phase entails completing thorough literature research to compile data on the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of face masks. The second phase involves the potential reusing of face masks as an additive in concrete. This study’s findings can have a significant implication for the construction industry concerning environmental pollution management. This paper also highlights the effects of improper disposal of these face masks in terms of health and safety to the common public. Moreover, the study’s results can encourage further research on the potential application of face masks in other construction materials, leading to the development of more environmentally friendly building materials.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis on Groundwater - Case Study for Thiruvallur District
Authors: Arun Prathap R. , Gopinath G. , Jebaraj Bharath Singh
Published: July 2023

Thiruvallur District in Tamil Nadu is one such district, with groundwater levels reaching depths of 50m to 60m below the surface. Growing populations, variations in land use patterns, reduction in rainfall depth, and other factors all contributed to an increase in water demand and a decrease in water potential. This affects the quality of groundwater as well. In this study, the variation of both Groundwater potential and Groundwater Quality is analyzed. The collected data has undergone thorough processing to ensure its accuracy and relevance for the area to be studied. (Thiruvallur District). The base map for the place to be analyzed and the well-map are created in the QGIS software with the data. The processed data is imported into the QGIS to create a database. With the database, the spatial variation between the stations is mapped. The temporal variation of the stations is carried out. The spatial map is done for the groundwater level and Groundwater quality parameters like pH, TDS, Cl, etc. The temporal variation is shown in the graph for the GW level and GW quality parameters with respect to the well-points.