bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of spontaneous first breath on placental transfusion in term neonates born by cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kilicdag Hasan , Parlakgumus Deniz , Demir Suleyman Cansun , Satar Mehmet
Published: September 2022

Background

The role of umbilical cord management in placental transfusion in cesarean section (CS) requires clarification. The spontaneous first breath may be more important than the timing of cord clamping for placental transfusion in neonates born by CS.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cord clamping after the first spontaneous breath on placental transfusion in neonates born by CS.

Methods

We recruited women with a live singleton pregnancy at ≥37.0 weeks of gestation admitted for CS. The interventions performed, such as physiologic-based cord clamping (PBCC), intact-umbilical cord milking (I-UCM), 30-s delay in cord clamping (30-s DCC), and 60-s delay in cord clamping (60-s DCC), were noted and placed in a sealed envelope. The sealed envelope was opened immediately before delivery to perform randomization.

Results

A total of 123 infants were eligible for evaluation. Of these, 31, 30, 32, and 30 were assigned to the PBCC, I-UCM, 30-s DCC, and 60-s DCC groups, respectively. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) and mean hematocrit (Hct) were significantly higher in the 60-s DCC group than in the PBCC group (p = 0.028 and 0.019, respectively), but no difference was noted among the I-UCM, 30-s DCC, and PBCC groups at 36 h of age. Further, no significant differences were observed in the mean Hb and mean Hct among the I-UCM, 60-s DCC, and 30-s DCC groups. Peak total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels were higher in the 60-s DCC group than in the I-UCM and PBCC groups (p = 0.017), but there was no difference between the 60-s DCC and 30-s DCC groups during the first week of life. The phototherapy requirement was higher in 60-s DCC than in IUCM and 30-sDCC (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that PBCC, 30-s DCC, and I-UCM in neonates born by CS had no significant differences from each other on placental transfusion. The Hb and Hct in the neonates were higher after 60-s DCC than after PBCC.
Risk of major adverse limb events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Yen-Chieh , Dong Yaa-Hui , Yang Wei-Shun , Wu Li-Chiu , Lin Jou-Wei , Chang Chia-Hsuin
Published: September 2022

Background: Both sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have cardiovascular protective effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the comparative risk of GLP-1RA versus SGLT-2i for major adverse limb events remains unknown.

Materials and methods: We studied a nationwide cohort involving 123,048 diabetes patients 20–100 years of age who initiated a SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA during 2012 and 2017. The patients in the two groups were matched by propensity score (PS), and incidence rates for hospitalization for major adverse limb events, critical limb ischemia (CLI) and lower extremity amputation (LEA), were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) between patients receiving SGLT-2i as compared with GLP-1RA. The modification effects of age, a history of established cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease were examined. In addition, use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) was chosen as a second active comparator.

Results: After PS-matching, a total of 13,378 SGLT-2i and 13,378 GLP-1RA initiators were identified. Use of SGLT-2i was not associated with an increased risk for hospitalization for CLI and LEA, either compared with GLP-1RA (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.77–1.65 and 1.27; 95% CI, 0.63–2.55, respectively) or compared with DPP-4i use (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.75–1.50 and HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.42–1.53, respectively). Although the study was underpowered to explore potential effect modification, a trend of higher risks for LEA was noted among SGLT-2i users with cardiovascular disease as compared with either GLP-1RA or DPP-4i.

Conclusion: Use of SGLT-2i was not associated with higher risks for hospitalization for CLI and LEA as compared with reference drugs. Further large-scale studies are needed for a precise risk estimation.
Lactacystin-induced kidney fibrosis: Protection by melatonin and captopril
Authors: Repova Kristina , Stanko Peter , Baka Tomas , Krajcirovicova Kristina , Aziriova Silvia , Hrenak Jaroslav , Barta Andrej , Zorad Stefan , Reiter Russel J. , Adamcova Michaela , Simko Fedor
Published: September 2022

Lactacystin is a specific proteasome inhibitor that blocks the hydrolysis of intracellular proteins by ubiquitin/proteasome system inhibition. The administration of lactacystin to rats induced hypertension and remodeling of the left ventricle and aorta. This study tested whether lactacystin induces structural and fibrotic rebuilding of the kidneys and whether melatonin and captopril can prevent these potential changes. Six weeks of lactacystin administration to rats increased their average systolic blood pressure (SBP). In the kidneys, lactacystin reduced glomerular density, increased the glomerular tuft area, and enhanced hydroxyproline concentrations. It also elevated the intraglomerular proportion including the amounts of collagen (Col) I and Col III. Lactacystin also raised the tubulointerstitial amounts of Col I and the sum of Col I and Col III with no effect on vascular/perivascular collagen. Six weeks of captopril treatment reduced SBP, while melatonin had no effect. Both melatonin and captopril increased glomerular density, reduced the glomerular tuft area, and lowered the hydroxyproline concentration in the kidneys. Both drugs reduced the proportion and total amounts of intraglomerular and tubulointerstitial Col I and Col III. We conclude that chronic lactacystin treatment stimulated structural and fibrotic remodeling of the kidneys, and melatonin and captopril partly prevented these alterations. Considering the effect of lactacystin on both the heart and kidneys, chronic treatment with this drug may be a prospective model of cardiorenal damage suitable for testing pharmacological drugs as protective agents.
Organometallic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes for lung cancer treatment
Authors: Zhang Juzheng , Li Yanping , Fang Ronghao , Wei Wei , Wang Yong , Jin Jiamin , Yang Feng , Chen Jian
Published: September 2022

Metal compounds, especially gold complexes, have recently gained increasing attention as possible lung cancer therapeutics. Some gold complexes display not only excellent activity in cisplatin-sensitive lung cancer but also in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer, revealing promising prospects in the development of novel treatments for lung cancer. This review summarizes examples of anticancer gold(I) and gold (III) complexes for lung cancer treatment, including mechanisms of action and approaches adopted to improve their efficiency. Several excellent examples of gold complexes against lung cancer are highlighted.
High expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase predicts a poor prognosis in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Guanyu , Xu Mengnan , Zhou Leqi , Zheng Kuo , Zhu Xiaoming , Sui Jinke , Xin Cheng , Chang Wenjun , Zhang Wei , Cao Fuao
Published: September 2022

Background: Phosphorylated Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been reported to be intimately involved in various malignant tumors. The effect of p-FAK on colorectal cancer (CRC) is still disputable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of p-FAK in the prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Methods: The clinical significance of p-FAK expression in CRC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort, including carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues from 908 patients, and normal tissues, adenoma, and metastasis tissues. The correlation between p-FAK expression and CRC occurrence was investigated in tumor and other tissues. Factors contributing to prognosis were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model.

Results: p-FAK is apparently overexpressed in CRC and metastasis tissues. Compared with low p-FAK expression, patients with high p-FAK expression had shorter overall survival [hazard ratio (HR), 2.200; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.265–3.452; p < 0.01] and disease-free survival (HR, 2.004; 95% CI 1.262–3.382; p < 0.01) in multivariate Cox analysis after adjusting other prognostic factors. High p-FAK expression was also related to a worse chemotherapeutic response in patients who achieved adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Expression level of p-FAK is an independent risk factor and can serve as a prognostic biomarker for CRC. High p-FAK expression predicts an unfavorable prognosis of CRC as well as poor chemotherapeutic response.
Case Report: Severe rash/desquamation induced by sorafenib in an uHCC patient and its clinical management
Authors: Lin Yan , Liu Ping-Yu
Published: September 2022

Background: Sorafenib-related dermatological toxicity is a well-known adverse reaction that can severely affect therapeutic outcomes. Rash/desquamation with its variable manifestations is one of the common clinical presentations. Currently, no standard continuum of care for sorafenib-related rash/desquamation has been established.

Case summary: A 75-year-old woman with colorectal cancer who developed unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) received, six years later, sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. She developed a Grade-3 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCEA) rash and bullae bilaterally on her lower extremities after 2 weeks of sorafenib use. Rash and blisters began to appear on the left calf and then merged as large bullae full of liquid and spread to both lower extremities. The bullae then erupted and skin began to slough off, which affected the patient’s normal daily functioning. To lessen the condition, sorafenib was stopped permanently and dexamethasone intravenous (IV) infusion at 5 mg daily for 3 days and piperacillin/tazobactam were used. The skin dried without exudate or ulcerations after a month.

Conclusion: For severe (CTCAE Grade 3 or above) sorafenib-related rash/desquamation, short-term corticosteroid pulse therapy at large doses is usually effective with routine skin care, and antibiotics can be considered if infection is present. Permanent cessation of sorafenib should be considered if severe manifestations such as erythema multiforme (EM) and Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are suspected.
Energy consumption and intestinal microbiome disorders of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) under cold stress
Authors: Hu Junru , Zhao Hongxia , Wang Guoxia , Sun Yuping , Wang Lei
Published: September 2022

The yellow catfish (P. fulvidraco), as one of the economically-relevant freshwater fish found in China, cannot tolerate cold stress. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms under cold stress may provide insights for improving yellow catfish management in the cold. Therefore, we investigated the metabolic and intestinal microbiota changes in cold stress in response to induced cold stress. We found that cold stress in yellow catfish lead to a significant increase in the consumption of glucose and triglycerides, as well as increased use of cholesterol as an alternate energy source. Moreover, cold stress also activated several significant biological processes in the fish such as thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, the spliceosome machinery, RNA transport, protein processing that occurs in the ER, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism pathways involved in energy production. On the other hand, many other mechanisms like insulin resistance, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolic pathways that also served as energy production pathways were weakened. Furthermore, organic acids and their derivatives as well as the lipids and lipid-like molecules were mainly altered in cold stress; prenol lipids, steroids, and their derivatives were significantly upregulated, while fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were significantly downregulated. Transcriptomic and metabolomic integrated analysis data revealed that carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism were involved in cold stress resistance. In addition, the intestinal microbiota abundance was also reduce and the pathogenic bacteria of plesiomonas was rapidly appreciation, which suggesting that cold stress also impaired intestinal health. This research study could offer insights into winter management or the development of feed to promote cold resistance in yellow catfish.
Metabolic profiling and gene expression analyses provide insights into cold adaptation of an Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans
Authors: Liu Shenghao , Li Tingting , Fang Shuo , Zhang Pengying , Yi Dan , Cong Bailin , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhao Linlin
Published: September 2022

Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and most windy continent on earth. The major terrestrial vegetation consists of cryptogams (mosses and lichens) and two vascular plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance and relevant regulatory networks were largely unknown in these Antarctic plants. Here, we investigated the global alterations in metabolites and regulatory pathways of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) under cold stress using an integrated multi-omics approach. We found that proline content and several antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in P. nutans under cold stress, but the contents of chlorophyll and total flavonoids were markedly decreased. A total of 559 metabolites were detected using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We observed 39 and 71 differentially changed metabolites (DCMs) after 24 h and 60 h cold stress, indicating that several major pathways were differentially activated for producing fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. In addition, the quantitative transcriptome sequencing was conducted to uncover the global transcriptional profiles of P. nutans under cold stress. The representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and summarized to the function including Ca2+ signaling, ABA signaling, jasmonate signaling, fatty acids biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other biological processes. The integrated dataset analyses of metabolome and transcriptome revealed that jasmonate signaling, auxin signaling, very-long-chain fatty acids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways might contribute to P. nutans acclimating to cold stress. Overall, these observations provide insight into Antarctic moss adaptations to polar habitats and the impact of global climate change on Antarctic plants.
Control Efficacy and Deposition Characteristics of an Unmanned Aerial Spray System Low-Volume Application on Corn Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Shan Changfeng , Wu Jiajun , Song Cancan , Chen Shengde , Wang Juan , Wang Haihong , Wang Guobin , Lan Yubin
Published: September 2022

As a major global pest, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, invaded China in 2019, which has seriously threatened the safety of China's food production and raised widespread concerns. As a new low-volume application technology, an unmanned aerial spray system (UASS) is playing an important role in the control of FAW in China. However, the studies on the effect of the water application volume on the efficacy of FAW using UASS have been limited. In this study, Kromekote® cards were used to sample the deposition. The method of using a sampling pole and sampling leaf for the determination of deposition. Four water application volumes (7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 L/ha) were evaluated with regard to the corn FAW control efficacy. A blank control was used as a comparison. The control efficacy was assessed at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment (DAT). The tested results showed that sampling methods have a significant effect on deposition results. The number of spray deposits and coverage on the sampling pole were 35 and 40% higher than those on the sampling leaves, respectively. The deposition and control efficacy gradually increased as the water application volume increased. The control efficacy at 14 DAT under different water application volumes was in the range of 59.4–85.4%. These data suggest that UASS spraying can be used to achieve a satisfying control of FAW, but the control efficacy of the water application volume of 30.0 and 22.5 L/ha did not differ significantly. Considering work efficiency, a water application volume of 22.5 L/ha is recommended for field operation.
Leaf disease image retrieval with object detection and deep metric learning
Authors: Peng Yingshu , Wang Yi
Published: September 2022

Rapid identification of plant diseases is essential for effective mitigation and control of their influence on plants. For plant disease automatic identification, classification of plant leaf images based on deep learning algorithms is currently the most accurate and popular method. Existing methods rely on the collection of large amounts of image annotation data and cannot flexibly adjust recognition categories, whereas we develop a new image retrieval system for automated detection, localization, and identification of individual leaf disease in an open setting, namely, where newly added disease types can be identified without retraining. In this paper, we first optimize the YOLOv5 algorithm, enhancing recognition ability in small objects, which helps to extract leaf objects more accurately; secondly, integrating classification recognition with metric learning, jointly learning categorizing images and similarity measurements, thus, capitalizing on prediction ability of available image classification models; and finally, constructing an efficient and nimble image retrieval system to quickly determine leaf disease type. We demonstrate detailed experimental results on three publicly available leaf disease datasets and prove the effectiveness of our system. This work lays the groundwork for promoting disease surveillance of plants applicable to intelligent agriculture and to crop research such as nutrition diagnosis, health status surveillance, and more.
Strong displayed passion and preparedness of broadcaster in live streaming e-commerce increases consumers' neural engagement
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Li Yajie , Zhu Kexin , Wang Wenhao , Wen Wen
Published: September 2022

Live streaming shopping, the streaming of real-time videos promoting products that consumers can purchase online, has recently been a booming area of e-commerce, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The success of live streaming e-commerce largely relies on the extent to which the broadcaster can get consumers engaged by the live stream. Thus, it is important to discover the antecedents of consumer engagement in such a context. Drawing on consumer engagement and neuroscience literature, this study used electroencephalography inter-subject correlation (EEG-ISC) to explore how broadcasters' entrepreneurial passion during live streaming videos influenced consumers' neural engagement as they watched the live streaming videos. We used the framework of displayed passion and preparedness from the entrepreneurial passion literature to predict consumer engagement. We found significant ISC for strong displayed passion, while preparedness had partially significant effects on the first, second, and summed components of ISC. The interaction effects of these two factors on the first and summed components of ISC were partially significant. Strong displayed passion and preparedness activated the left and right prefrontal regions of the consumers' brains. These findings indicate that broadcasters' displayed passion and preparedness can influence consumer engagement in live streaming e-commerce settings. Our findings suggest that a scientific approach could be used to improve a broadcaster's performance by testing ISC during rehearsals before live streaming.
Do gaze and non-gaze stimuli trigger different spatial interference effects? It depends on stimulus perceivability
Authors: Chen Zhe , Thomas Rebecca H. , Chen Makayla S.
Published: September 2022

Among the studies on the perception of gaze vs. non-gaze stimuli, some have shown that the two types of stimuli trigger different patterns of attentional effects, while others have reported no such differences. In three experiments, we investigated the role of stimulus perceivability in spatial interference effects when the targets were gaze vs. non-gaze stimuli. We used a spatial Stroop task that required participants to make a speeded response to the direction indicated by the targets located on the left or right side of fixation. In different experiments, the targets consisted of eyes, symbols, and/or arrows. The results showed that the magnitude of the spatial congruency effect differed between the types of targets when stimulus perceivability was not controlled. However, when the perceivability of the task relevant parts was comparable between the different types of targets, similar congruency effects were found regardless of target type. These results underscore the importance of controlling for stimulus perceivability, which is closely linked to the attentional zoom required to perform a task, when making inferences about the attentional mechanisms in the processing of gaze vs. non-gaze stimuli.
A glimpse into social perception in light of vitality forms
Authors: Liu Qingming , Zhang Jinxin , Dong Da , Chen Wei
Published: September 2022

The American psychoanalyst and developmental psychologist Daniel Stern’s idea of vitality forms might suggest a new solution to explain how other minds are intensely expressed in their actions. Vitality forms characterize the expressive style of actions. The effective perception of vitality forms allows people to recognize the affective states and intentions of others in their actions, and could even open the possibility of properties of objects that are indicated by the given actions. Currently, neurophysiological studies present that there might be a neural mirror mechanism in the dorso-central insula (DCI), middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and other related cerebral areas, which serve to preferably perceive and deliver vitality forms of actions. In this article, possible types of vitality forms related to other minds, which have been brought to particular attention in recent years, have been collected and discussed in the following four areas: (1) Vitality forms on understanding non-verbal intention, (2) on understanding verbal intention, (3) vitality forms as grounding social cognition, and (4) as grounding social emotion. These four areas, however, might refer to an entirety of a binary actor-observer communicative landscape. In this review, we try to simplify the analysis by relying on two fundamental dimensions of criteria: first, the idea of vitality forms is conceived as the most basic way of observing subsequent higher-order dimensions of action, that is, understanding intention in the style of action. Thus, in the first two subsections, the relationships between vitality forms and their roles in understanding non-verbal and verbal intention have been discussed. Second, vitality forms could also be conceived as background conditions of all the other mental categories, that is, vitality forms can ground cognition and emotion in a social context. In the second dimension, the existence of social cognition or emotion depends on the existence of the stylistic kinematics of action. A grounding relation is used to distinguish a ground, that is, vitality forms, and its grounded mental categories. As relating with the domain of social perception, in this review, it has been discussed vitality forms possibly could ground social cognition and social emotion, respectively.
Digital leadership and exploratory innovation: From the dual perspectives of strategic orientation and organizational culture
Authors: Wang Tiandong , Lin Xiaoyue , Sheng Fan
Published: September 2022

The literature on leadership is increasingly supporting the power of digital leadership in promoting corporate innovation. In spite of this, digital leadership is a noticeable omission from the literature. As such, in this study, we developed a model based on a resource-based view and social information processing theory to examine the roles of digital entrepreneurial orientation and digital organizational culture in the relationship between digital leadership and exploratory innovation. We examined the moderating role of big data analytics capabilities according to a resource-based view and dynamic capability theory. Using a time-lagged survey data of 401 followers and 88 leaders, the results show that (a) digital leadership has a positive impact on exploratory innovation; (b) digital entrepreneurial orientation and digital organizational culture mediate the positive relationship between digital leadership and exploratory innovation; and (c) and mediating effect is positive moderated by big data analytics capabilities. Thus, in this study we are not only responding to the call to strengthen digitalization research in organizations but also further deepening our understanding of the path from digital leadership to exploratory innovation. These findings have theoretical implications for the literature on leadership and managerial implications for practitioners.
Understanding and addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in low and middle income countries and in people with severe mental illness: Overview and recommendations for Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Faria Clara Gitahy Falcão , Matos Ursula Medeiros Araujo de , Llado-Medina Liana , Pereira-Sanchez Victor , Freire Rafael , Nardi Antonio Egidio
Published: September 2022

Despite the speedy development of vaccines for COVID-19, their rollout has posed a major public health challenge, as vaccine hesitancy (VH) and refusal are high. Addressing vaccine hesitancy is a multifactorial and context-dependent challenge. This perspective focuses on VH in the world region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and includes people suffering from severe mental illness, therefore covering populations and subpopulations often neglected in scientific literature. We present an overview of VH in LAC countries, discussing its global and historical context. Vaccine uptake has shown to widely vary across different subregions of LAC. Current data points to a possible correlation between societal polarization and vaccination, especially in countries going through political crises such as Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Poor accessibility remains an additional important factor decreasing vaccination rollout in LAC countries and even further, in the whole Global South. Regarding patients with severe mental illness in LAC, and worldwide, it is paramount to include them in priority groups for immunization and monitor their vaccination coverage through public health indicators.
Exploring the impacts of implicit context association and arithmetic booster in impulsivity reduction
Authors: Hwang Minho , Kim Sung-Phil , Chung Dongil
Published: September 2022

People have a higher preference for immediate over delayed rewards, and it is suggested that such an impulsive tendency is governed by one’s ability to simulate future rewards. Consistent with this view, recent studies have shown that enforcing individuals to focus on episodic future thoughts reduces their impulsivity. Inspired by these reports, we hypothesized that administration of a simple cognitive task linked to future thinking might effectively modulate individuals’ delay discounting. Specifically, we used one associative memory task targeting intervention of context information, and one working memory task targeting enhancement of individual’s ability to construct a coherent future event. To measure whether each type of cognitive task reduces individuals’ impulsivity, a classic intertemporal choice task was used to quantify individuals’ baseline and post-intervention impulsivity. Across two experiments and data from 216 healthy young adult participants, we observed that the impacts of intervention tasks were inconsistent. Still, we observed a significant task repetition effect such that the participants showed more patient choices in the second impulsivity assessment. In conclusion, there was no clear evidence supporting that our suggested intervention tasks reduce individuals’ impulsivity, and that the current results call attention to the importance of taking into account task repetition effects in studying the impacts of cognitive training and intervention.
Impact of less social connectedness and fear of COVID-19 test on employees task performance: A multi-mediation model
Authors: Zhang Yueman
Published: September 2022

The core objective of this study is to examine the impact of less social connectedness and testing fear on employee health. This study also investigates the mediating role of psychological strain between the relationship of less social connectedness, testing fear and employee health. Furthermore, this study also assesses the impact of employee health on employee performance. The study's target audience consisted of employees in the electronics industry in China. The convenience sample method was used in this study to collect data from respondents. Data analysis of this study was performed by using the structural equation modeling technique. The statistical software used for data analysis is Smart PLS 3. The results of this study show that less COVID-19 testing fear has a negatively significant impact on employee health, but less social connectedness has not significant direct impact on employee health. Furthermore, psychological strain was discovered to mediate the relationship between less social connectedness and employee health and testing fear and employee health. In addition, this impact of employee health on employee performance was found significant. This study provides theoretical and practical implications. In the context of practical implications, this study provides valuable insights for the organizational management to develop a healthy and positive working environment and adopt healthy behavior among their employees which ultimately foster their job performance.
The micro-macro interplay of economic factors in late-life loneliness: Evidence from Europe and China
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Jing , Fokkema Tineke
Published: September 2022

Individual socioeconomic status has a significant impact on whether older adults can initiate and maintain social relationships and participate in society, hence it affects loneliness. At the macro level, income inequality is expected to increase the risk of loneliness by eroding social cohesion and trust, while welfare generosity might protect people from loneliness. The aim of the study is to explore whether income inequality and welfare generosity at the country level moderate the effect of socioeconomic status at the individual level on late-life loneliness. Data were obtained from the HRS family of surveys – the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (wave 5, 2011/12) and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (wave 2, 2012/13). Respondents aged 50 years and older from twelve European countries and China were included in the study. Logistic country fixed effect models were used in the analysis. The findings show a stronger effect of individual socioeconomic status on late-life loneliness in more income-unequal societies and a weaker effect in more welfare-generous societies. There is a need to consider the impact of income distribution and welfare spending on the risk of loneliness among those older adults with low socioeconomic status when tailoring preventive programs and interventions to reduce loneliness among this vulnerable group.
When to become an electronic business venture after the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of strategic orientation and perceived environmental turbulence in determining online market entry timing
Authors: Mao Hongyi , He Changqing , Huang Xing , Wu Banggang , Chen Zhi , Zhou Liying
Published: September 2022

After the COVID-19 epidemic, a growing number of commercial entities have decided to enter the online platform and operated as an electronic business venture. However, the timing of entering the online market is a strategically important issue. On the basis of social capital theory and resource-based view, this study attempts to understand the different impacts of two strategic orientations (i.e., Guanxi orientation and entrepreneurial orientation) and perceived environmental turbulence (i.e., market turbulence and political turbulence) on online market entry timing. We test four hypotheses using data collected from 174 Chinese companies. Our results confirm that entrepreneurial orientation negatively impacts online market entry timing, and this effect is moderated by perceived market turbulence such that the negative relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and online market entry timing will be strengthened in higher market turbulence. By contrast, Guanxi orientation positively impacts online market entry timing, and the positive relationship between Guanxi orientation and online market entry timing will be weakened in higher political turbulence. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
The potential of learning with (and not from) artificial intelligence in education
Authors: Chichekian Tanya , Benteux Bérenger
Published: September 2022

AI-powered technologies are increasingly being developed for educational purposes to contribute to students' academic performance and overall better learning outcomes. This exploratory review uses the PRISMA approach to describe how the effectiveness of AI-driven technologies is being measured, as well as the roles attributed to teachers, and the theoretical and practical contributions derived from the interventions. Findings from 48 articles highlighted that learning outcomes were more aligned with the optimization of AI systems, mostly nested in a computer science perspective, and did not consider teachers in an active role in the research. Most studies proved to be atheoretical and practical contributions were limited to enhancing the design of the AI system. We discuss the importance of developing complementary research designs for AI-powered tools to be integrated optimally into education.
Intention to shift from short-acting to long-acting methods of contraceptives and its associated factors in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: Using the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Fekadu Edom Retta , Azale Telake , Berhe Resom , Nigusie Adane , Azene Zelalem Nigussie , Wolde Maereg
Published: September 2022

Background

Despite its effectiveness, the intention, and utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods are very low in many developing countries, and the use of long-acting contraceptive methods has not kept pace with that of short-acting methods such as oral contraceptives and injectables. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the intention of using long-acting contraceptive methods and associated factors among women currently using short-acting contraceptive methods.

Methods

Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 19 to April 19, 2017. The study included 515 short-acting contraceptive users found in Gondar city who were selected from the study population using a systematic random sampling technique. A structured pre-tested questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior was used to collect data. Both descriptive and analytical statistical procedures were used. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were carried out. SPSS version 20 was used for the analysis of the data. Multiple linear regression was carried out to see the association between intention and sociodemographic variables, past contraception experience, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, and with 95% CI and a p-value of <0.05 was used to detect statistical significance.

Results

The magnitude of intention to use long-acting contraceptive methods was 39.8%. Intention to use long-acting contraceptive methods was higher for women whose husbands were farmers when compared to women whose husbands were government employees (β =0.49, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.72). Number of children wanted (β = −0.19, 95% CI: −0.28, −0.1), attitude (β = 0.34, CI: 0.23, 0.46), subjective norm (β = 19, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.27) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.3) were factors significantly associated with intention to use long-acting contraceptive methods.

Conclusions

Intention to use long-acting contraceptive methods was low. Interventions that focus on women's attitudes toward long-acting contraceptive methods and support groups, peer education, social mobilization, and persuasive communication could promote the intention to use long-acting contraceptive methods.
Men's preconception health and the social determinants of health: What are we missing?
Authors: Anakwe Adaobi , Xian Hong , BeLue Rhonda , Xaverius Pamela
Published: September 2022

Background

Life course perspectives suggest that optimizing men's health before conception is requisite to equitably improve population health, an area of increasing public health focus. Although scholarship on the social determinants of health (SDOH) suggests that men's health and health behaviors do not occur in a vacuum, preconception health studies have not explicitly examined how these factors influence men's preconception health.

Objective

To identify latent classes of men's preconception health and the role of the SDOHs in predicting class membership.

Methods

Pooled data from the 2011–2019 male file of the National Survey of Family Growth were analyzed (n = 10,223). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct classes of men's preconception health. Eight manifest variables were used to fit latent class models. A classify-analyze approach was subsequently used to create a preconception health phenotype (PhP) outcome variable. SDOHs (exposure variable) were assessed in four domains (rural/urban residence, health access, socioeconomic status, and minority/immigrant status) to predict class membership. Survey-weighted multinomial regression models were fitted to examine the association between the exposure and the outcome.

Results

Three unique PhPs were identified (lowest risk (69%), substance users (22.9%), and sexual risk-takers (8.1%) from the LCA model. Health access, socioeconomic status, and minority/immigrant status were significant predictors of class membership but not rural/urban residence. Sexual risk takers were more likely to be uninsured (aOR: 1.25, 95% CI 1.02, 1.52), college-educated (aOR: 1.94 95% CI: 1.34, 2.79), and non-Hispanic Black (aOR: 1.99 95% CI: 1.55, 2.54) while substance users were more likely to have unstable employment (aOR: 1.23 95% CI:1.04, 1.45) and have a high school degree or higher (aOR 1.48 95% CI: 1.15, 1.90) than men in the lowest risk category.

Conclusion

Social determinants may impact men's preconception health in ways that are not conventionally understood. These findings raise important questions about how preconception health interventions should be created, tailored, and/or retooled. Specifically, studies that examine the sociocultural and political contexts underpinning the relationship between social class, masculinity, and men's preconception health are needed to provide nuanced insights on factors that shape these outcomes.
Recent scattering approaches to structure and dynamics of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Kruteva M. , Genix A.-C. , Holderer O. , Oberdisse J.
Published: September 2022

The characterization of polymer nanocomposites on molecular length scales and timescales is a challenging task, which is also indispensable for the understanding of macroscopic material's properties. Neutron scattering is one of the techniques which are very well-suited for studying the structure and molecular motion in such soft matter systems. X-rays can also be used for the same purpose, however, with higher energy and thus a different focus on dynamics, where they are better suited for nanoparticle motion. In this mini-review, we aim at highlighting recent results in the field of polymer nanocomposites, including nanoparticle structure in various experimental systems, from model to industrial, and polymer and particle dynamics. This allows establishing the link between microscopic and macroscopic properties, in particular rheology.
Effects of row spacing on soil nitrogen availability, wheat morpho-physiological traits and radiation use efficiency
Authors: Zhang Jie , Cao Rui , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Xiaochun , Ma Xinming , Xiong Shuping
Published: September 2022

Optimizing row spacing is an important measure to exploit the full yield potential, achieve a continuous increase in wheat yield and green development without increasing input. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of wide–narrow row spacing pattern (12 cm-12 cm-12 cm-24 cm, R1) and conventional uniform row spacing mode (20 cm, CK; 12 cm. R2) on nitrogen (N) availability in soil, canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, radiation use efficiency (RUE) and yield. The results showed that R1 increased the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea in the rhizosphere compared to CK. Nitrate in soils treated R1 at post-anthesis and nitrogen use efficiency of the plant were 59.92% and 27.01% higher than those treated with CK, respectively. Above-ground growth of wheat showed that R1 increased leaf area index by 27.42%, specific leaf weight by 22.67% and leaf photosynthetic rate by 8.86%, respectively compared to CK. R2 had similar availability of N and plant growth as CK. Moreover, the ability of the plant to allocate more nitrogen to grains was enhanced at post-anthesis with R1 than it with CK and R2, which greatly improved the RUE by 10.13% and 2.27%. As the result, the yield for R1 increased by 27.54% and 21.46%, respectively, compared to CK and R2. Therefore, using wide–narrow row spacing pattern (R1) is a practically and environmentally feasible approach for wheat production without extra input in the straw-returning wheat-corn rotation system.
A review of the theory of 3‐D Alfvén (field line) resonances
Authors: Elsden Tom , Wright Andrew , Degeling Alex
Published: September 2022

This review article aims to summarise recent developments in Alfvén resonance theory, with a focus on applications to magnetospheric ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves, though many of the ideas are relevant for applications in other fields as well. The key aspect we treat is how Alfvén resonance manifests in a fully 3-D varying medium. The prerequisite ideas are developed in a reasonably comprehensive introduction, which would be a good starting point for any interested reader looking to gain an understanding of the Alfvén resonance process, as well as where to find associated reading. The main part of the review is split into three sections. We firstly consider results from numerical simulations of relatively simple magnetic field geometries, such as 2-D and 3-D dipoles, to develop the fundamental properties of 3-D Alfvén resonances. Secondly, we review previous simulations in more general magnetic field geometries, reconciling these results with those from the simpler dipole cases. Thirdly, in light of these numerical results, we review theoretical studies using various analytical methods to find approximate solutions to the pertinent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The review is concluded with a discussion of these different approaches, as well as linking these ideas to their importance for observations. Finally, we discuss potential future developments in this research area.
Measuring changes in financial and ecosystems service outcomes with simulated grassland restoration in a Corn Belt watershed
Authors: Audia Ellen , Schulte Lisa A. , Tyndall John
Published: September 2022

While provisioning ecosystem services generated through agricultural production are high, this often comes at the expense of other ecosystem services. Approaches that support both farm income and a balanced array of ecosystem services are needed. We employed a landscape modeling approach to demonstrate the financial and ecosystem service outcomes of strategically restoring grassland cover within a Corn Belt agricultural watershed. We assessed potential changes associated with a “Baseline” land use scenario and two alternative scenarios for the Grand River Basin (Iowa and Missouri, USA). In a “Buffered” scenario we simulated the impacts of replacing cropland within 20 m of streams with restored native grassland cover. In a “Productivity-based” scenario we simulated the replacement of annual row crops on poorly performing croplands with native grassland cover. Grasslands comprised 0.4% of the Baseline scenario. Grassland was expanded to 0.8% of the watershed in the Buffered scenario, reducing annual nutrient and sediment loss by 1.44%, increasing soil carbon sequestration by 0.12% over 10 years, and increasing pollinator abundance by 0.01%. The estimated annual value of these enhancements was $1.7 million for nitrogen reduction, $0.1 million for phosphorus reduction, $0.5 million for sediment reduction, and $1.3 million for soil carbon sequestration. Grassland comprised 4.9% of the watershed in the Productivity-based scenario, reduced annual nutrient and sediment loss by 11.50%, increased soil carbon sequestration by 1.13% over 10 years, and increased pollinator abundance by 0.42%. The estimated annual value of enhancements was $18 million for nitrogen reduction, $1.4 million for phosphorus reduction, $2.5 million for sediment reduction, and $14 million for soil carbon sequestration. We also calculated the value of grassland biomass for a potential energy market. The benefit of producing and selling grassland biomass ranged -$445 to $1,291 ha−1 yr−1. Scaled to the watershed, annual revenues ranged -$7.3 million to $21.1 million for the Buffered scenario and -$44.2 million to $128.8 million for the Productivity-based scenario. This study was the first to quantify changes in revenue and the value of ecosystem services associated with grassland restoration in the Grand River Basin and can help inform discussion among watershed stakeholders.