bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giving over selling: advertising for the social enterprise
Authors: Coleman Joshua T.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

A social enterprise is a hybrid business organization which pursues both profit maximization and social change. This study aims to explore effective ways to communicate authentic motives through social enterprise advertisements.

Design/methodology/approach

Four sets of advertisements were created to explore the effects of different message cues on perceived authenticity. These ads were presented through internet surveys in varying combinations.

Findings

Per cue congruency theory, when both giving and selling cues are presented together, they contradict one another, thereby neutralizing any positive feelings which would otherwise be gained through the use of a giving cue. Thus, the highest perceptions of authentic motives underlying an advertisement are gained when only giving cues are used.

Practical implications

Social entrepreneurs should recognize the limitations of presenting both giving and selling cues in tandem with one another. Doing so may help increase profitability and sales, but it will decrease the authenticity of a perceived message. To communicate authenticity through advertising, the social entrepreneur should highlight the social enterprise’s mission and giving characteristics rather than the products or services being sold.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is among the first to explore authenticity in marketing messages for the social enterprise. Further, while extant research identifies methods of overcoming contradictory message appeals, the novel findings of this research demonstrate the effectiveness of avoiding the potential for negative reactions altogether.
Launching the Internet of Things: how to ensure a successful debut
Authors: Gimpel Gregory , Vander Weerdt Candice M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Companies that leverage the Internet-of-things (IoT) will gain significant competitive advantages over the competition; however, few businesses have active IoT initiatives. This paper aims to provide principles to guide executives as they launch or scale-up IoT initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws upon data from original expert interviews and an extensive study of existing scholarly literature, management publications and white papers from leading strategy and technology firms.

Findings

Close cooperation among a company’s operations, business strategy and information technology units creates a trifecta of skills, vision and budgeting that can successfully bring major IoT initiatives to fruition. Unfortunately, many companies face a misalignment among these departments. The way to overcome this misalignment is to create a cross-functional team dedicated to IoT initiatives. Leaders should build these teams on the principles of autonomy, rational compensation, equality and diversity.

Practical implications

This paper provides strategic advice for business leaders as well as four guiding principles with which to execute their IoT strategies.

Originality/value

Much of the writing about IoT advocates initiatives by teaching about the many business benefits of IoT or provides a use case for a specific type of IoT technology. This paper focuses on removing a major obstacle faced by many business leaders who want to embrace the IoT but find themselves unable to do so.
The development of Islamic accounting education in the UAE and its challenges: an institutional perspective
Authors: Grassa Rihab , Khlif Hichem , Khelil Imen
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the development of Islamic accounting education and discuss the main challenges facing this specific type of accounting education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses institutional theory to analyze the development of Islamic accounting education in the UAE. The collection of information in this study is based on secondary data available from published sources and websites.

Findings

This study identifies three types of institutional pressures. First, coercive pressures that were directed by the government, the UAE's Central Bank and other professional bodies [e.g. Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI)] involved in the Islamic banking industry have contributed to the development of Islamic accounting education in the UAE. Second, mimetic pressures exerted by other countries that have already established Islamic accounting training and programs (e.g. Indonesia, Iran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan) have incentivized the UAE business schools to implement Islamic accounting training and programs to meet Emirati Islamic banking industry expectations. Third, normative pressures are exerted by Big 4 auditors who have an active position as faculty members, influencing status in AAOIFI and a dominant position in the Islamic banking industry’s audit market. The paper also discusses the main challenges facing Islamic accounting education in this country.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to accounting literature in general and accounting education literature in particular in the following two ways. First, this study applies an institutional analysis to Islamic accounting education in the UAE to gain more understanding about the current status of the development of Islamic accounting education in the UAE. Second, by identifying the factors that may constrain the development of Islamic accounting education in the UAE, this study provides recommendations to financial and higher education authorities to undertake proactive actions to position the UAE as a leading center in Islamic accounting education and training.
Need for distinction moderates customer responses to preferential treatment
Authors: Pontes Vivian , Greer Dominique A. , Pontes Nicolas , Beatson Amanda
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how individuals’ need for distinction moderates the effect of perceived harm to others as a result of preferential treatment on customers’ attitudes towards the service provider.

Design/methodology/approach

Two experiments test the hypothesis that when a customer receives preferential treatment, the effect of perceived harm to others on the customer’s attitudes towards the service provider is moderated by their need for distinction and mediated by negative moral emotions, such that mediation occurs for customers with a lower (but not higher) need for distinction.

Findings

When customers have a lower need for distinction, they scan the environment to seek information about others when judging their own experience. In contrast, customers with a higher need for distinction tend to disregard others’ opinions and feelings, focusing solely on the benefits they receive from the service provider and avoiding moral emotions. Our results show that customers with a higher need for distinction tend to evaluate the service provider more favourably than those with a lower need for distinction in scenarios where the benefit given to an advantage customer imposes a disadvantage on other customers.

Originality/value

To the best of author’s knowledge, this research is the first to examine the interaction between perceived harm to others and one’s need for distinction as drivers of customers’ response to preferential treatment. The authors are the first to show that negative moral emotions may arise for customers with a lower need for distinction but not for those with a higher need for distinction.
A comparative study of corrosion resistance of epoxy-based coating incorporated chitosan, silica and hybrid compound of chitosan/silica on mild steel
Authors: Wonnie Ma Iling Aema , Kumar Sachin Sharma Ashok , Kasi Ramesh , Shafaamri Ammar , Subramaniam Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to propose that the corrosion resistance of the neat epoxy coating can be further enhanced by incorporating reinforcing agents.

Design/methodology/approach

Chitosan, silica and their hybrid compound were used to study the subject of corrosion resistance of epoxy coating systems. This work used 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution as the electrolyte, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the studied coating systems. Standard and accelerated states were used without and with scratch on the coating layer.

Findings

It was found that the impedance value of composite coating incorporated with the hybrid compound was significantly higher at 1010 Ω after 14 days of exposure in both testing states. The breakpoint frequency (fb) determination also proves with large capacitive region at low-to-high frequency of impedance plots corresponding to the high corrosion resistance.

Originality/value

The hybrid compound consisting of chitosan as organic biopolymer and silica as inorganic material, respectively, served as a promising reinforcing agent for composite coating as a promising corrosion inhibitor. Different states of EIS measurement were used which are standard (without scratch) and accelerated (with scratch) states associated with the fb values.
Linking ethical leadership and behavioral outcomes through workplace spirituality: a study on Indian hotel industry
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Madan Poornima
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to understand and examine the mediating role of workplace spirituality on ethical leadership and behavioral outcomes. The study used the social exchange theory and social learning theory to study the underlying mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was collected from 348 frontline hotel employees of North India using convenience sampling. The study used structural equation modeling and Macro PROCESS Hayes (2017) to test the hypothesized model.

Findings

The study found a positive association between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior and a negative association between ethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior. Workplace spirituality mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and its outcomes.

Practical implications

The study brings out the significance of ethical leadership and workplace spirituality in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior and reducing unethical pro-organizational behavior.

Originality/value

There is a paucity of research done on the mediating role of workplace spirituality in understanding its significance in aligning ethical leadership and behavioral outcomes. Hence, the authors attempt to address this gap by understanding the role of workplace spirituality and its association with ethical leadership, unethical pro-organizational behavior and organizational citizenship behavior among the employees of the hotel industry.
Association of the rs4143815 polymorphism of PDL1 gene with HTLV‐1 infection and proviral load in asymptomatic blood donors in northeast Iran
Authors: Hezave Yalda Amiri , Sharifi Zohreh , Kermani Fahime Ranjbar , Shahabi Majide
Published: March 2022

It is obvious that genetic differences, including mutations and polymorphisms, can play an important role in viral infections. In this case–control study, which included 81 human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) asymptomatic carriers (AC) and 162 healthy controls (HC), the rs4143815 polymorphism of PDL1 gene was investigated. This polymorphism is the site of miR‐570 binding and it can influence immune system responses. The rs4143815 polymorphism was evaluated by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) and the proviral load levels by quantitative real‐time PCR (q PCR). The results demonstrated that the C allele (P = 0.027) and the CC genotype (P = 0.031) of rs4143815 polymorphism was significantly higher in the AC group than in the HC group, also the proviral load in the AC group with the C allele (P = 0.020) was significantly higher. Thus, the rs4143815 polymorphism can play a vital role in HTLV‐1 infection
Development of the Student Practice Evaluation Form – Revised (Second Edition) (SPEF‐R2): The second action research cycle
Authors: Caine Anne‐Maree , Herd Chris , Copley Jodie , Turpin Merrill , Fleming Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The Student Practice Evaluation Form – Revised Edition (SPEF‐R) was used across Australian universities from 2008 to 2020 to assess occupational therapy student performance on practice placement. Evolution of practice contexts, placement models and professional competency standards prompted updating of the tool. This paper describes the second and final action research cycle in the development of the SPEF‐R2.

Methods

Cycle 2 included three phases: (a) piloting of the SPEF‐R2 and post‐pilot survey to determine utility and applicability; (b) post‐pilot focus groups/interviews; and (c) final amendments for publication and launch. Quantitative data were summarised descriptively, and qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and reported using illustrative quotes.

Results

In Phase 1, 23 participants piloted the SPEF‐R2 and completed a post‐pilot survey. Results indicated participants found the SPEF‐R2 relevant to a range of traditional and contemporary settings, easy to understand and an improvement over the previous version of the tool. Most participants found it more concise and less repetitive than the SPEF‐R. Participants particularly valued additions regarding culturally responsive practice, student health and well‐being and reflective practice. In Phase 2, five post‐pilot focus groups/interviews were held, gathering a deeper understanding of its utility. Discussion highlighted desire for an additional core item within the self‐management domain (Domain Two). Increased confidence in rating and provision of feedback on student performance were also evident. Reflection on findings led to final amendments and publication of the SPEF‐R2.

Conclusion

Extensive consultation with the occupational therapy community informed the development of the SPEF‐R2, reflecting contemporary practice and meeting the expectations of Australian occupational therapists. Action research was an effective approach to the development of the SPEF‐R2. Use of the manual and training website and support from universities are paramount if practice educators are to use the tool effectively.
Right‐wing ideological constraint and vaccine refusal: The case of the COVID‐19 vaccine in Norway
Authors: Wollebæk Dag , Fladmoe Audun , Steen‐Johnsen Kari , Ihlen Øyvind
Published: March 2022

Research has shown a correlation between votes for populist parties and the belief that vaccines are not important or effective. More recent investigations in the United States and France have similarly shown that attitudes toward the COVID‐19 vaccine have been politicized. In this article, we show a similar pattern analyzing survey data from Norway, a country relatively mildly hit by the pandemic and characterized by high trust and a consensual political culture. We find that refusal to vaccinate is associated with right‐wing ideological constraint, even when considering a wide array of control variables (e.g., lack of confidence, complacency), and sociodemographic characteristics. The results imply that vaccine refusal latch onto established political cleavages, particularly among the most ideologically consistent. Thus, polarization in the form of increasing ideological constraint may represent a mounting challenge for vaccine uptake, suggesting that vaccine communication should go beyond “explaining the science” and factor in ideology.
The role that schools hold in supporting young people with selective mutism: a systematic literature review
Authors: White Joe , Bond Caroline
Published: March 2022

Schools are expected to hold an increasingly central role in co‐ordinating support for children with mental health needs. However, the role that schools hold in supporting pupils with selective mutism (SM) is complex. Through a Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS), this review explores the multidimensional role which educational settings hold in supporting children with SM. Key databases were searched (PsycInfo, British Education Index, Education Resources Information Center, British Library EThOS and Google Scholar) and a conceptual map, informed by experienced practitioners, guided additional purposive searching with a focus on conceptual saturation. A total of twenty‐four papers were identified following a further process of appraisal. Reciprocal Translational Analysis (RTA) found that schools hold a tripartite role in supporting children with SM: this incorporated developing a shared understanding of the disorder, engaging in effective (and often multi‐professional) planning, and offering direct support through adapting provision and facilitating individual intervention. Through realising this role, schools and educational settings might transform the support currently available for children and young people with SM. Implications for practice, policy and future research also emerged. This included a clear need for enhanced teacher understanding of SM, arguably at the level of initial teacher training (ITT).
Assessing Human Information Processing in Lending Decisions: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: LIU MIAO
Published: March 2022

Effective financial reporting requires efficient information processing. This paper studies factors that determine efficient information processing. I exploit a unique small business lending setting where I am able to observe the entire codified demographic and accounting information set that loan officers use to make decisions. I decompose the loan officers’ decisions into a part driven by codified hard information and a part driven by uncodified soft information. I show that a machine learning model substantially outperforms loan officers in processing hard information. Loan officers can only process a sparse set of useful hard information identified by the machine learning model and focus their attention on salient signals such as large jumps in cash flows. However, the loan officers use salient hard information as “red flags” to highlight where to acquire more soft information. This result suggests that salient information is an attention allocation device: It guides humans to allocate their limited cognitive resources to acquire soft information, a task in which humans have an advantage over machines.
Rare case of intrahepatic splenosis masquerading as malignancy
Authors: Anderson Max , Connor Saxon , Hamilton Steve , Hore Todd , Sakowska Magdalena
Published: March 2022

A 54‐year‐old man presented with abdominal pain and a history of post‐traumatic splenectomy 33 years prior, imaging revealed an incidental hepatic mass.
Organelle dysfunction upon asrij depletion causes aging‐like changes in mouse hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Sinha Saloni , Sinha Alice , Dongre Prathamesh , Kamat Kajal , Inamdar Maneesha S.
Published: March 2022

Aging of the blood system is characterized by increased hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid‐biased differentiation leading to higher propensity for hematological malignancies. Unraveling cell‐intrinsic mechanisms regulating HSC aging could aid reversal or slowing of aging. Asrij/OCIAD1 is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of hematopoiesis and governs mitochondrial, endosomal, and proteasomal function in mammalian stem cells. Asrij deletion in mice causes loss of HSC quiescence, myeloid skewing, reduced p53 and increased DNA damage, features attributed to aged HSCs. Mechanistically, Asrij controls p53 ubiquitination and degradation and AKT/STAT5 activation. Asrij localizes to endosomes and mitochondria. As decline in organelle structure and function are common hallmarks of aging, we asked whether Asrij regulates organelle function in aged HSCs. We find that chronologically aged wild‐type (WT) HSCs had reduced Asrij levels. Expectedly, young asrij KO mice had reduced AcH4K16 levels; however, transcriptome analysis of KO HSCs showed a modest overlap of gene expression with aged WT HSCs. Further, analysis of organelle structure and function in asrij KO mice revealed significant changes, namely damaged mitochondria, elevated ROS; impaired endosomal trafficking seen by increased cleaved Notch1, reduced Rab5; and reduced 26S proteasome activity. Pharmacological correction of mitochondrial and proteasome activity in asrij KO mice restored HSC and myeloid cell frequencies. Furthermore, lysophosphatidic acid‐induced Asrij upregulation in aged WT mice rescued mitochondrial and proteasome activity and restored HSC frequency. Our results highlight a new role for Asrij in preventing HSC aging by regulating organelle homeostasis and will help decipher organelle dynamics in HSC longevity.
Immunohistochemical distributions of leptin, ghrelin and obestatin hormones in bull and ram abomasum
Authors: Karakoç Zelal , Topaloğlu Uğur , Bayram Bayram
Published: March 2022

In most mammals, leptin plays central and peripheral roles in a wide range of metabolic activities including feed consumption and digestion, energy expenditure and the regulation of carbohydrate‐fat accumulation. Ghrelin is a strong appetite‐stimulating hormone, while obestatin has the opposite effect of ghrelin. The latter is released during feeding, causing a sense of satiety. This study aimed to reveal if the metabolic hormones, as well as OB‐R and GHS‐R, were present in bull and ram abomasums. Streptavidin‐biotin peroxidase method was implemented to determine the expressions and localizations of metabolic hormones and their receptors, and obestatin. Immunoreactivity for leptin and obestatin was present in the cytoplasms of luminal and glandular cells, while smooth muscle cells were immunoreactant for ghrelin, in both bull and ram abomasums. Immunoreactivity for OB‐R was present in luminal and glandular cell, parietal cell cytoplasms, and blood vessels. Immunoreactivity for GHS‐R, on the other hand, was found in glandular epithelial cell cytoplasms and parietal cell cytoplasms, in both bull and ram abomasums. Leptin immunoreactivity was detected in the glandular epithelial cells and stroma, and particularly in the parietal cells. Ghrelin immunoreactivity was not observed in glandular epithelial cells. Obestatin immunoreactivity was found intensely in the bull abomasum, while moderate immunoreactivity was observed in the ram abomasums. As such, leptin, ghrelin and obestatin hormones were expressed in bull and ram abomasums, similar to the abomasums of other species. It is believed that these hormones play important roles in the digestive system activities and the regulation of energy in bulls and rams.
New dermatological findings of MIS‐C: Can mucocutaneous involvement be associated with Severe Disease Course?
Authors: Akçay Nihal , Topkarcı Zeynep , Menentoğlu Mehmet Emin , Oğur Mustafa , Sofuoğlu Ayşe İrem , Boydağ Güvenç Kübra , Baydemir Canan , Şevketoğlu Esra
Published: March 2022

Background

Little is known about mucocutaneous involvement in critically ill patients with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C). The aim of our study was to describe the localisation and variety of rash and to investigate whether presenting with rash at admission alters the clinical course of MIS‐C.

Methods

This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted amongst children under 18 years of age who were admitted to our paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between May 2020 and May 2021 with a possible diagnosis of MIS‐C.

Results

A total of 33 children with MIS‐C, 21 boys (64%), with a median age of 9.4 years (3.4–11.5) were enrolled. Twenty‐four children presented with mucocutaneous symptoms (72%). Age, male gender, PICU length of stay, presenting symptoms, inotrope requirement, the existence of myocarditis or respiratory failure were higher but not significantly different in patients with rash compared to those without rash (P > 0.05). The median duration of symptoms before admission and presence of cervical lymphadenopathy were significantly higher in patients than those without rash (P < 0.05). Children with a rash had a significantly higher neutrophil count, CRP, procalcitonin, troponin levels and lower lymphocyte counts and albumin levels than those without rash (P < 0.05). Twelve children with rash (50%) had symmetrical intertriginous distribution. Two children had erythematous lesions on the areola and the surroundings.

In conclusion, intertriginous involvement, periareolar erythema and other mucocutaneous manifestations might be the first alarming symptoms of moderate to severe MIS‐C. Therefore, close monitoring with a multidisciplinary approach should be considered for these patients to assess potential disease progression.
Regional blood acidification inhibits coagulation during extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R)
Authors: Prat Nicolas J. , Meyer Andrew D. , Scaravilli Vittorio , Cannon Jeremy , Cancio Leopoldo C. , Cap Andrew P. , Batchinsky Andriy I.
Published: March 2022

Background

Consumption of platelets and coagulation factors during extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) increases bleeding complications and associated mortality. Regional infusion of lactic acid enhances ECCO2R by shifting the chemical equilibrium from bicarbonate to carbon dioxide. Our goal was to test if regional blood acidification during ECCO2R inhibits platelet function and coagulation.

Methods

An ECCO2R system containing a hemofilter circulated blood at 0.25 L/min in eight healthy ewes (Ovis aries) for 36 h. Three of the sheep received ECCO2R with no recirculation compared to five sheep that received ECCO2R plus 12 h of regional blood acidification via the hemofilter, placed upstream from the oxygenator, into which 4.4 M lactic acid was infused. Blood gases, platelet count and function, thromboelastography, coagulation‐factor activity, and von Willebrand factor activity (vWF:Ag) were measured at baseline, at start of lactic acid infusion, and after 36 h of extracorporeal circulation.

Results

Twelve hours of regional acid infusion significantly inhibited platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate; vWF; and platelet expression of P‐selectin compared to control. It also significantly reduced consumption of fibrinogen and of coagulation factors V, VII, IX, compared to control.

Conclusions

Regional acidification reduces platelet activation and vitamin‐K‐dependent coagulation‐factor consumption during ECCO2R. This is the first report of a simple method that may enhance effective anticoagulation for ECCO2R.
Coenzyme Q10 improves the quality of sheep sperm stored at room temperature by mitigating oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Yanhu , Kang Yan , Zhang Liuming , Niu Haoyuan , Sun Xiaomei , Li Yongjun
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this experiment was to explore whether coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) improves the quality of sheep semen stored at room temperature by attenuating oxidative stress. Semen was diluted without (control group), and with antioxidants (5, 50, 250, and 500 μmol/L CoQ10). Sperm kinetic parameters and plasma membrane integrity were determined, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated on the fifth day of semen preservation. The results showed that compared with the control group, the progressive motility in the 50 μmol/L group was higher (p < 0.05) within 2–5 days, and the plasma membrane integrity of sperm was higher in the 50 μmol/L group. The ROS content in the 5 and 50 μmol/L groups was reduced. The MDA level was reduced in the CoQ10 supplementation groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CAT, SOD, TAOC, ATP and MMP levels in the 50 μmol/L group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CoQ10 improved the quality of ram semen by alleviating oxidative stress, and 50 μmol/L CoQ10 was the optimum concentration.
Multiple food vulnerabilities of international students from India in Greater Toronto Area colleges: A pilot study
Authors: Ghosh Sutama , Kim Pruneah M. , Garrison Raymond M. , Shahidnia Sohail
Published: March 2022

Research on the food insecurity of international students, who are uniquely positioned as both newly‐arrived immigrants and post‐secondary students, is extremely limited in the Canadian context. In this paper, we attempt to create awareness about this specific form of inequality by qualitatively analyzing the experiences of 30 international students from India, in community and private colleges located in the Greater Toronto Area. Our study demonstrates that most participants faced multiple food vulnerabilities. In this regard, in addition to their internal characteristics, external circumstances have had profound impacts on their food insecurity, particularly the geographical context of the city in which they live. In turn, their food insecurity has influenced various aspects of their everyday lives, including housing, employment, and overall health and well‐being. From a policy perspective, various levels of government, and especially the Canadian post‐secondary educational institutions, must take a greater responsibility for assessing the specific needs of this marginalized group and providing necessary services.
Children's perspectives on friendships and socialization during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative approach
Authors: Larivière‐Bastien Danaë , Aubuchon Olivier , Blondin Aurélie , Dupont Dominique , Libenstein Jamie , Séguin Florence , Tremblay Alexandra , Zarglayoun Hamza , Herba Catherine M. , Beauchamp Miriam H.
Published: March 2022

Background

Good quality friendships and relationships are critical to the development of social competence and are associated with quality of life and mental health in childhood and adolescence. Through social distancing and isolation restrictions, the COVID‐19 pandemic has had an impact on the way in which youth socialize and communicate with friends, peers, teachers and family on a daily basis. In order to understand children's social functioning during the pandemic, it is essential to gather information on their experiences and perceptions concerning the social changes unique to this period. The objective of this study was to document children and adolescents' perspectives regarding their social life and friendships during the COVID‐19 pandemic, through qualitative interviews.

Methods

Participants (N = 67, 5–14 years) were recruited in May and June 2020. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted via a videoconferencing platform. A thematic qualitative analysis was conducted based on the transcribed and coded interviews (NVivo).

Results

The upheavals related to the pandemic provoked reflection among the participants according to three main themes, each of which included sub‐themes: (1) the irreplaceable nature of friendship, (2) the unsuspected benefits of school for socialization and (3) the limits and possibilities of virtual socialization.

Conclusions

The collection of rich, qualitative information on the perspectives of children and adolescents provides a deeper understanding of the consequences of the pandemic on their socialization and psychological health and contributes to our fundamental understanding of social competence in childhood.
Paediatric integrated care in the primary care setting: A scoping review of populations served, models used and outcomes measured
Authors: McLeigh Jill D. , Malthaner Lauren , Winebrenner Caitlin , Stone Kimberly E.
Published: March 2022

Background

Paediatric integrated care (PIC), which involves primary care and behavioural health clinicians working together with patients and families, has been promoted as a best practice in the provision of care. In this context, behavioural health includes behavioural elements in the care of mental health and substance abuse conditions, chronic illness and physical symptoms associated with stress, and addressing health behaviours. Models of and contexts in which PIC has been applied vary, as do the outcomes and measures used to determine its value. Thus, this study seeks to better understand (1) what paediatric subpopulations are receiving integrated care, (2) which models of PIC are being studied, (3) what PIC outcomes are being explored and what measures and strategies are being used to assess those outcomes, and (4) whether the various models are resulting in positive outcomes. These questions have significant policy and clinical implications, given current national‐ and state‐level efforts aimed at promoting integrated health care.

Methods

This study utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews to identify relevant articles published between January 1994 and 30 June 2020. The search utilized three databases: PubMed, PsycInfo and CINAHL. A total of 28 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion.

Results

Overall, acceptability of PIC appears to be high for patients and providers, with access, screening and engagement generally increasing. However, several gaps in the knowledge base on PIC were uncovered, and for some studies, ascertaining which models of integrated care were being implemented proved difficult.

Conclusion

PIC has the potential to improve access to and quality of behavioural health care, but more research is needed to understand what models of PIC prove most beneficial and which policies and conditions promote cost efficiency. Rigorous evaluation of patient outcomes, provider training, institutional buy‐in and system‐level changes are needed.
Ecological and economic implications of alternative metrics in biodiversity offset markets
Authors: Simpson Katherine Hannah , de Vries Frans P. , Dallimer Martin , Armsworth Paul R. , Hanley Nick
Published: March 2022

Policy tools are needed that allow reconciliation of human development pressures with conservation priorities. Biodiversity offsetting can be used to compensate for ecological losses caused by development activities. Landowners can choose to undertake conservation actions, including habitat restoration, to generate biodiversity offsets. Consideration of the incentives facing landowners as potential biodiversity offset providers and developers as potential buyers of credits is critical when considering the ecological and economic landscape‐scale outcomes of alternative offset metrics. There is an expectation that landowners will always seek to conserve the least profitable land parcels, and, in turn, this determines the spatial location of biodiversity offset credits. We developed an ecological‐economic model to compare the ecological and economic outcomes of offsetting for a habitat‐based metric and a species‐based metric. We were interested in whether these metrics would adequately capture the indirect benefits of offsetting on species not considered under a no‐net‐loss policy. We simulated a biodiversity offset market for a case study landscape, linking species distribution modeling and an economic model of landowner choice based on economic returns of the alternative land management options (restore, develop, or maintain existing land use). Neither the habitat nor species metric adequately captured the indirect benefits of offsetting on related habitats or species. The underlying species distributions, layered with the agricultural and development rental values of parcels, resulted in very different landscape outcomes depending on the metric chosen. If policy makers are aiming for the metric to act as an indicator to mitigate impacts on a range of closely related habitats and species, then a simple no‐net‐loss target is not adequate. Furthermore, to achieve the most ecologically beneficial design of offsets policy, an understanding of the economic decision‐making processes of the landowners is needed.
Mismatched perfusion defects on routine ventilation‐perfusion scans after lung transplantation
Authors: Li David , Abele Jonathan , Sunner Parveen , Varughese Rhea , Hirji Alim , Weinkauf Justin , Nagendran Jayan , Lien Dale , Halloran Kieran
Published: March 2022

Background

Incidental pulmonary embolism (PE) is a challenging entity with unclear treatment implications. Our program performs routine ventilation‐perfusion (VQ) scans at 3‐months post‐transplant to establish airway and vascular function. We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic implications of mismatched perfusion defects (MMPD) found on these studies, hypothesizing they would be associated with a benign prognosis.

Methods

We studied VQ scans obtained routinely at 3‐months post‐transplant from double lung transplant recipients 2005–2016 for studies with MMPD interpreted as high or intermediate probability for PE. We tested the relationship between MMPD and 1‐year survival via chi square testing, overall survival via Kaplan Meier analysis with log rank testing and peak forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) percent predicted via t‐testing.

Results

Three hundred and seventy‐three patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 35 (9%) had VQ scans with MMPDs interpreted by radiologists as high or intermediate probability for PE. Baseline recipient and donor characteristics were similar between groups. Seven patients (20%) in the MMPD group were treated with therapeutic anticoagulation. Patients with MMPD had similar 1‐year survival (100% vs. 98%, P = 1.00), overall survival (log rank P = .90) and peak FEV1% predicted (94% [SD 20%] vs. 92% [SD 21%]; P = .58). Anticoagulation did not affect these relationships.

Conclusion

Mismatched perfusion defects on routine post‐transplant VQ scan were not associated with a difference in survival or lung function. A conservative approach to these changes may be a viable option in the absence of other anticoagulation indications.
Parental smoking, type 1 diabetes, and islet autoantibody positivity in the offspring: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Edstorp Jessica , Lampousi Anna‐Maria , Carlsson Sofia
Published: March 2022

Aims

Our aim was to synthesize current evidence on the association between parental smoking and incidence of type 1 diabetes and islet autoantibody positivity (IA) in the offspring by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library until January 21, 2021, for human studies with parental tobacco use as exposure, type 1 diabetes or IA as outcome, and hazard, risk, or odds ratios as effect estimates. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with random‐effects models. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 statistic, bias with the ROBINS‐I tool, and the certainty of evidence with the GRADE tool.

Results

We identified 535 records of which 23 were eligible including 25 927 cases of type 1 diabetes. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes (n = 22, RR 0.78, CI 0.71–0.86,I2=69%). Including only studies with low to moderate risk of bias indicated similar results with less heterogeneity (n = 14, RR 0.73, CI 0.68–0.79,I2 = 44%). The certainty of evidence was graded as high. There was no clear association between type 1 diabetes and neither maternal (n = 6, RR 0.95, CI 0.78–1.14,I2 = 0%) nor paternal (n = 6, RR 0.90, 0.70–1.17,I2 = 68%) smoking during childhood. Furthermore, the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and IA was weak (n = 4, RR 0.86, CI 0.44–1.65,I2 = 71%).

Conclusions

Maternal smoking during pregnancy may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Further studies are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying this association.

Registration

Prospero CRD42021236717.
A Transitional Conception of Modernity for Education
Authors: Zrudlo Ilya
Published: March 2022

In this article, Ilya Zrudlo unpacks the educationally limiting effects of conflicting visions of the good embedded in Western modernity and offers a developmental vision of modernity for education that is more coherent and productive of student agency. Drawing on Charles Taylor's work, Zrudlo disarticulates four aspects of Western modernity — economic modernization, the struggle for justice, individualism, and naturalism — and highlights the internal contradictions to which they give rise that limit student agency. Harry Brighouse's On Education is then examined in order to illustrate how one influential account attempts to bring together the different educational goods of Western modernity. Despite its strengths, Brighouse's account struggles to comprehensively integrate the different goods of Western modernity and also implies a claim to historical finality, both of which hamper student agency. To overcome these obstacles, Zrudlo suggests that we distinguish between Western modernity and modernity tout court, and that the latter can be conceived of as a period of transition, akin by analogy to a period of adolescence moving toward maturity. The purpose of education from this developmental perspective would be to foster in students the kind of agency required to transition toward maturity as individuals, as well as to contribute to a movement toward maturity at the collective level, in their own communities. Drawing on the work of Lewis Mumford, Zrudlo suggests that individuals on their way to maturity strive to comprehensively and coherently develop their capacities to contribute the greater share of their powers to the development of diverse and unified communities that are organically integrated into a new, global civilization.
Tree species diversity increases with conspecific negative density dependence across an elevation gradient
Authors: LaManna Joseph A. , Jones F. Andrew , Bell David M. , Pabst Robert J. , Shaw David C.
Published: March 2022

Elevational and latitudinal gradients in species diversity may be mediated by biotic interactions that cause density‐dependent effects of conspecifics on survival or growth to differ from effects of heterospecifics (i.e. conspecific density dependence), but limited evidence exists to support this. We tested the hypothesis that conspecific density dependence varies with elevation using over 40 years of data on tree survival and growth from 23 old‐growth temperate forest stands across a 1,000‐m elevation gradient. We found that conspecific‐density‐dependent effects on survival of small‐to‐intermediate‐sized focal trees were negative in lower elevation, higher diversity forest stands typically characterised by warmer temperatures and greater relative humidity. Conspecific‐density‐dependent effects on survival were less negative in higher elevation stands and ridges than in lower elevation stands and valley bottoms for small‐to‐intermediate‐sized trees, but were neutral for larger trees across elevations. Conspecific‐density‐dependent effects on growth were negative across all tree size classes and elevations. These findings reveal fundamental differences in biotic interactions that may contribute to relationships between species diversity, elevation and climate.
Absence of myofibrillar myopathy in Quarter Horses with a histopathological diagnosis of type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy and lack of association with commercial genetic tests
Authors: Valberg Stephanie J. , Henry Marisa L. , Herrick Keely L. , Velez‐Irizarry Deborah , Finno Carrie J. , Petersen Jessica L.
Published: March 2022

Background

Genetic tests for variants in MYOT (P2; rs1138656462), FLNC (P3a; rs1139799323 or P3b; rs1142918816) and MYOZ3 (P4; rs1142544043) genes are offered commercially to diagnose myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) and type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM2) in Quarter Horses (QH).

Objectives

To determine if PSSM2‐QH has histopathological features of MFM. To compare genotype and allele frequencies of variants P2, P3, P4 between control‐QH and PSSM2‐QH diagnosed by histopathology.

Study design

Retrospective cross‐sectional.

Methods

The study includes a total of 229 healthy control‐QH, 163 PSSM2‐QH GYS1 mutation negative. Desmin stains of gluteal/semimembranosus muscle were evaluated. Purported disease alleles P2, P3a, P3b, P4 were genotyped by pyrosequencing. Genotype, allele frequency and total number of variant alleles or loci were compared between phenotypes using additive/genotypic and dominant models and quantitative effects evaluated by multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Histopathological features of MFM were absent in all QH. A P variant allele at any locus was not associated (P > .05) with a histopathological diagnosis of PSSM2 and one or more P variants were common in control‐QH (57%) and PSSM2‐QH (61%). Allele frequencies (control/PSSM2) were: 0.24/0.21 (P2), 0.07/0.12 (P3a), 0.07/0.11 (P3b) and 0.06/0.08 (P4). P3a and P3b loci were not independent (r2 = 0.894); and not associated with PSSM2 histopathology comparing the haplotype of both P3a and P3b variants to other haplotypes. A receiver operator curve did not accurately predict the PSSM2 phenotype (AUC = 0.67, 95% CI 0.62‐0.72), and there was no difference in the total number of variant loci or total variant allele count between control‐QH and PSSM2‐QH.

Main limitations

P3a and P3b were not in complete linkage disequilibrium.

Conclusions

The P2, P3 and P4 variants in genes associated with human MFM were not associated with PSSM2 in 392 QH. Their use would improperly diagnose PSSM2/MFM in 57% of healthy QH and fail to diagnose PSSM2 in 40% of QH with histopathological evidence of PSSM2.
Lessons for a COVID‐19 era: Barriers and facilitators to court ordered online parenting programs for divorcing and separating parents
Authors: Tomlinson Claire S. , Rudd Brittany N. , Applegate Amy G. , Diaz Anjolii , Holtzworth‐Munroe Amy
Published: March 2022

Family courts are increasingly interested in online parenting programs for divorcing and separating parents, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the barriers to and facilitators of parent participation in these programs for family law cases. We interviewed 61 parents in the midst of family law cases regarding their perspectives. While many parents viewed online parent programs positively (e.g., convenient), they also reported barriers to participation (e.g., technology problems). We offer recommendations (e.g., communication about program benefits) to support courts as they decide whether to continue ordering online parent programs following the pandemic.
Marine‐climate interactions with the blue shark (Prionace glauca) catches in the western coast of Baja California Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Godínez‐Padilla Carlos Javier , Castillo‐Géniz José Leonardo , Hernández de la Torre Benigno , González‐Ania Luis Vicente , Román‐Verdesoto Marlon H.
Published: March 2022

Fishery and size data by sex of 28,110 blue sharks (Prionace glauca) from 2162 longline sets documented by observers on board 204 fishery trips from the industrial fleet based in Ensenada, Mexico during 2006–2016, were used to conduct a spatial–temporal analysis of the catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) and its relationship with climate indices along the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula. Catch length analysis by maturity groups indicated catches were composed mainly by juvenile females (58–199 cm TL) and males (60–179 cm TL). Relationships of seasonal CPUE with sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll‐a (Chl) were analyzed determining aggregations were in areas characterized by oceanographic physical processes. From the exploratory analysis of annual correlations of climate indices with CPUE, the local climate SanDiAs Index explained most variation in CPUE. A generalized additive model (GAM) with 13 predictor variables was applied to gain insight on their relationship with the total CPUE by size and sex groups. The model explained 50.5% of the total blue shark CPUE and 65.5% for juvenile females. The GAM results revealed blue shark CPUE is influenced by five relevant factors: SST, NPGO, year, latitude with distance to coast and quarter interactions, and hooks set. There is a trend to increase or decrease of CPUE when compared with the delay of NEI and SanDiAs indices in more than 1 year. Local and regional climate indices can be successful tools for forecasting blue shark catches in the Northwestern Mexican Pacific.