bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking E-Government Implementation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Muparadzi Taurai
Published: May 2024

Creating resource-efficient economies is the goal of most ICT policy programs in developing countries. Advances in technology have initiated sophistication in the e-government field to ensure efficiency in the public sector. This has reactivated the role of ICTs in transforming government operations. Admittedly, despite well-publicised e-government success stories, e-government fatal failures are a reality. As such, government peer-to-peer learning provides crucial lessons on e-government best practices and worst-case scenarios. Using data collected through literature review and interviews, this chapter captures lessons from the UK, South Africa, and Zambia. Findings reveal that peer-to-peer learning is a fundamental e-government catalyst. This chapter concludes that Zimbabwe has adopted the peer-to-peer learning approach in its e-government implementation model but problematic gaps in the e-government implementation strategy remain intact suggesting the need for effective ways to quicken e-government implementation in Zimbabwe
Smart Metering Landscape in India's Smart Grid Ecosystem
Authors: Thakur Anusha
Published: May 2024

Smart metering, considered the foundation for smart grids, is gaining significant traction. Equipping power generation plants with smart meter gateways (SMGW) and smart metering systems is an essential component of a climate-neutral energy system. The capabilities of smart metering systems, such as the transmission of control signals and real-time data, play an essential role in ensuring reliable grid integration of renewable, volatile energy generation via the heat or storage pumps and electromobility. The chapter illustrates an inclusive analysis on the key technologies and industry landscape in different states of the region. It contemplates the latest market drivers, restraints, and developments, along with the use cases or projects in the regions of India. It further discusses the different market players in the smart meters market offering differentiated meter products and solutions.
Intelligent HVAC Control Systems for Smart Infrastructures
Authors: Thakur Anusha
Published: May 2024

Efficient smart infrastructure augments and enhances holistic well-being. Cities nowadays focus on having regenerated buildings and leveraging the data to optimize the use of resources and energy consumption in utilities (energy, water, and waste) and buildings. The incorporation of intelligent HVAC systems enables commercial and residential owners to regulate the humidity, fan speeds, lighting, and other conditions of the building at granular points. The architecture of smart buildings is evolving from designing the objects and structures, to the design of interactions and systems. This chapter articulates the concept of HVAC in different regions of Europe, Asia Pacific, and North America. It discusses the different market players offering solutions to cater to environmental issues. The chapter further contemplates the IoT use cases in HVAC and the benefits offered for peak load management.
The Market for Smart Grid Technology
Authors: Thakur Anusha
Published: May 2024

Smart grid conceptualized as the prevailing power grid reinforced by bi-directional communication networks has transformed power systems across the world. This next-generation power grid incorporates a two-way flow of information and electricity to create an extensive and distributed automated energy delivery network. This chapter explores the imperative of uplifting the global electric infrastructure and the future of electric energy systems catering to the whole spectrum from power generation via the substations to offer computational intelligence required to make the “smart grid.” The concept of a smart grid augments the overall transformation by incorporating different technologies, concepts, and philosophies. It emphasizes the market determinants (such as restraints, opportunities, and trends) impacting the growth of the market. The chapter further illustrates the smart grid technology market size in terms of revenue over the forecasted period.
Instructional Methods in School-Based Agricultural Education
Authors: McHugh Sallie K. , Mulkey Farish , Byrd Alex Preston , Thoron Andrew
Published: May 2024

This chapter outlines common teaching methodologies and techniques utilized in the profession from problem solving, inquiry-based instruction, subject-matter approach to teaching to more techniques outlined by Ball and Knobloch. Investigations within the discipline are centered around teaching methodologies in a quasi-experimental design. Comparison of a problem-solving approach, computer-assisted instruction, inquiry-based instruction to a subject matter approach or traditional methodology is typical. This chapter will outline those studies, highlight conclusions, and synthesize recommendations. Finally, the chapter will propose a new direction for preparation of preservice teachers that could be worthy of investigation and outline future studies that will promote past research knowledge to propel the profession in seeking methodologically sound practices in the current educational structure within career, technical, and agricultural education.
Experiential Learning in School-Based Agricultural Education
Authors: Knobloch Neil A. , Smith Mathew
Published: May 2024

Hands-on learning or learning by doing is a long-term tenet of agricultural education, yet hands-on learning and experiential learning do not share the same meaning. Experience alone does not ensure an experiential learning cycle. In Dewey's and Kolb's writings, experience itself does not inherently contain meaning, and it is an educator's task to design and evaluate these experiences. When conducting a literature review on experiential learning and agricultural education, evidence exists that shows a lack of understanding of experiential learning theory, specifically its application in lesson design and instruction. This chapter outlines several areas of inquiry necessary to understand experiential learning in the context of agricultural education, specifically its application and implementation within agricultural education programs. The researchers recommend educating current and future agricultural educators on experiential learning theory and studying the most effective methods for instructing agricultural educators on experiential learning.
SAE Research Needs Identified in the Agricultural Education Literature
Authors: Barrick R. Kirby , Mulkey Farish
Published: May 2024

For more than a century agricultural education has espoused a trilateral pedagogical model consisting of three distinct yet interdependent educational areas: classroom and laboratory instruction, supervised agricultural experience (SAE), and leadership and personal development through participation in FFA. Classroom/laboratory instruction includes learning activities in the context of the agricultural education classroom. FFA is the youth leadership organization that augments classroom instruction and SAE by providing career development events, award incentives, and leadership development opportunities. The experiential learning feature of SAE and the intra-curricular aspect of FFA are what make the agricultural education model different from conventional education models.
Leveraging Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) for Enhanced Tourism and Event Marketing
Authors: Khanal Krishna
Published: May 2024

This chapter proposes to explore the intersection of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), data analytics, and marketing in the context of the tourism and events industry. As technology continues to advance, organizations within this sector are seeking innovative and transformative ways to engage and attract tourists and event attendees. VR and AR have emerged as powerful tools for creating immersive experiences, while data analytics provides insights into consumer behavior and preferences. This chapter will examine how these technologies can be integrated into marketing strategies to enhance engagement, visitor experiences, and decision-making processes. By discussing real-world case studies, ethical considerations, and future trends, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject and offer practical insights for professionals and researchers in the field.
Techniques and Tools for Big Data Analytics in the Tourism Sector
Authors: Dighliya Bhupender
Published: May 2024

In an era marked by unprecedented digitalization and global connectivity, the tourism industry generates vast amounts of data that, when harnessed effectively, can revolutionize decision-making processes and enhance customer experiences. The chapter delves into innovative techniques and tools employed in the realm of big data analytics to extract meaningful insights from the vast and diverse datasets inherent in the tourism domain. The discussion encompasses a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge analytics methodologies, including machine learning algorithms, predictive modeling, and sentiment analysis, tailored to address the unique challenges and opportunities within the tourism sector. The exploration of real-world case studies illustrates the practical application of these techniques, showcasing their efficacy in optimizing resource allocation, predicting travel trends, and personalizing customer interactions.
Utilizing Marketing Information Systems and Big Data Analytics in Promoting Tourism Destinations
Authors: Saba Farheen N. S. , Bhandari Goutham B. , Abdulmannan Lalshawala , Makhija Gaurav
Published: May 2024

The integration of big data analytics (BDA) and marketing information systems (MKIS) has grown more and more significant in the field of tourism marketing. This investigation's theoretical framework is based on important works in the domains of data analytics, marketing technology, and tourism marketing. Insights gleaned from marketing management illuminate the evolution from conventional marketing strategies to contemporary data-centric methodologies. Recognizing the current reliance on MKIS and BDA within the domain of tourism marketing mandates an appreciation of this historical progression. This study on big data provides a thorough review of the tools, technologies, and approaches involved in BDA. These types of technologies shape visitor experiences and provide a further perspective on the synergy between MKIS and BDA in tourism marketing.
Carbon and Water Efficiency Study on Growing Neglected and Underutilized Crops and Its Environmental Benefits in the MENA Region
Authors: Agoud Soukaina , Mabrouki Jamal
Published: May 2024

Neglected and underutilized (NUS) crops are increasingly recognized for their agricultural sustainability, playing a crucial role in solving environmental problems and improving food Security in MENA's region. This study conducts an in-depth assessment of the environmental impacts of NUS cultivation, focusing particularly on carbon emissions and water use in this region. By integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) and empirical field data, this research compares the carbon capture capacities, greenhouse gas emissions and water efficiency of NUS with crops traditional. The results suggest that NUS, thanks to their ability to thrive in less fertile soils of MENA's region and minimal resource demands, generally has a lower carbon footprint. Many NUS varieties also exhibit drought resistance, leading to more water-efficient agricultural practices. In addition, the study examines how NUS can boost biodiversity, improve soil quality, and strengthen the resilience of agricultural systems against the effects of climate change. This chapter highlights the environmental benefits of NUS cultivation, with the aim of guiding policy makers, farmers and relevant stakeholders towards sustainable agricultural practices and environmental conservation. The research highlights the urgency for continued research and development in this area, particularly to refine growing methods that maximize environmental benefits.
Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things for Improved Epidemic Forecasting
Authors: Chouit El Mehdi , Rachdi Mohamed , Bellafkih Mostafa , Raouyane Brahim
Published: May 2024

The resurgence of infectious diseases demands innovative forecasting and management strategies. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with the internet of things (IoT) offers a groundbreaking approach to epidemic prediction. This study highlights the combined power of AI algorithms and IoT technology in creating sophisticated epidemic models. The authors explore cutting-edge AI methods, like machine learning and deep learning, to analyze vast epidemiological data from IoT devices, including wearables and mobile phones. This integration facilitates early outbreak detection, precise risk evaluation, and prompt interventions. Additionally, they address ethical and privacy issues related to health data, promoting careful information handling. This analysis shows that AI and IoT synergy not only sharpens epidemic forecasting but also boosts public health response efficiency, aiding in epidemic control and enhancing global health security.
Methods and Technologies for the Treatment and Disposal of Brine in Seawater Desalination Plants
Authors: Azdem Driss , Mabrouki Jamal , El Hajjaji Souad
Published: May 2024

Seawater desalination is a water technology that is becoming increasingly important in meeting the water needs of many countries around the world. One of the constraints associated with the operation of desalination plants is the production of a concentrated solution, known as brine, which can cause damage to the marine environment due to its high salt content. This paper presents a review of contemporary technologies aimed at addressing the environmental challenges posed by concentrated solutions produced in desalination plants. Among these solutions are evaporation ponds, surface water discharge, and deep well injection. Nevertheless, these approaches encounter sustainability concerns, substantial initial investments, and constraints in terms of universal applicability. A systematic comparison of all these technologies is conducted, focusing on their individual merits and drawbacks, as well as evaluating their feasibility and current developmental status. The objective of this comprehensive analysis is to provide a structured decision-making tool for identifying the most appropriate technology for specific circumstances.
Potential of Functional Foods in Diabetes Management
Authors: Mezouara Mounia , Hbyaj Karima , Soufiani Abdelaati , Mouniane Yassine , Chriqui Ahmed , Ben Ramdane Khadija , Ouhammou Ismail , Mabrouki Jamal , Hmouni Driss
Published: May 2024

This synthesis delves into the potential of natural foods, particularly coriander, fig, and green tea, in the management of diabetes. These foods are abundant in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic properties. Research indicates that they play a vital role in regulating blood glucose levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and mitigating complications associated with diabetes. For instance, coriander has been shown to exert hypoglycemic effects in animal models of diabetes, while fig extracts demonstrate the ability to reduce hyperglycemia and normalize lipid profiles. Green tea, with its rich content of catechins, has been linked to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Incorporating these functional foods into daily diets offers a comprehensive approach to diabetes management, complementing traditional therapies. Nonetheless, promoting the consumption of these natural foods presents a promising avenue for combating diabetes and improving overall metabolic health.
Role of Aquaponics and Hydroponics in Modern Agriculture
Authors: Hadeed Muhammad Zakwan , Muhammad Muhammad , Safdar Muhammad , Raza Aamir , Shahzad Sobia , Malik Abdul , Ahmed Mubashir , Raheem Abdul
Published: May 2024

The chapter explores aquaponics and hydroponics, two innovative and environmentally friendly farming techniques. It provides a comprehensive overview of the concepts, their history, and scientific principles. The chapter also explores the structure and elements of these systems, emphasizing their ecological and financial benefits. It also discusses plant growth dynamics in hydroponic systems, focusing on nutrient management and growth variables. The chapter also covers fish species selection, health, and nutrition in aquaponics, integrated pest management, and technological advancements in system optimization. It provides an impartial evaluation of the sustainability and environmental consequences of these systems, showcasing case studies and practical applications.
Role of Remote Sensing and GIS for Sustainable Crop Production Under Climate Change
Authors: Hadeed Muhammad Zakwan , Safdar Muhammad , Ali Aitizaz , Shahid Muhammad Adnan , Tin Ting Tin , Malik Abdul , Arif Aqsa , Rashid Ramsha , Raza Aamir , Muzammal Hafsa
Published: May 2024

Geospatial techniques are being increasingly used in agriculture to optimize production, manage resources, and mitigate climate change impacts. These techniques include GPS, GIS, and remote sensing, which map and monitor crop growth and yield variability, allowing for more efficient application of inputs like fertilizers, water, and pesticides. They also create models that simulate crop growth under different climate scenarios, allowing farmers to plan for future conditions and adapt their practices accordingly. Geospatial data is used to create detailed maps of soil properties, helping farmers make better decisions about crop selection, planting, and nutrient management. These techniques also help monitor and manage water resources, particularly in areas prone to drought or flooding, by mapping groundwater reserves, analyzing precipitation patterns, and predicting crop water demand. Geospatial data can evaluate climate hazards, guide crop selection and management, and analyze land use patterns, aiding farmers and policymakers in decision-making.
Smart Application in Climate Change Policy for India
Authors: Biswas Mitrajit
Published: May 2024

The world has always been divided based on access to technology. Since the dawn of humanity, the idea of evolving and utilizing the best of resources gave birth to the advent of technological evolution. Amidst all of this, our human lives have been transformed by technology in the form of personal belongings, like a phone, which is now smart enough to do almost any function that you can imagine. It states that technology has definitely made our lives easier and engaging for the most part; however, one must not forget that there are challenges of the technological prowess as well. Technology is now taking the next step already where data is the fuel and based on that, technology is stepping up to play the role in the world of government policies and governance initiative. This chapter wants to highlight the importance of technology and governance of urban resources especially with the onset of the more intense discussions on climate change, global warming, etc.
Wise Agriculture for Sustainable Productivity and Healthy Ecosystems
Authors: El Ghammad Oumaima , Mabrouki Jamal
Published: May 2024

In the countryside of developing countries, the majority of people depend on agriculture. But economic crises, land maldistribution and climate concerns have hampered efforts to improve agricultural productivity and rural development. Technological advances have often pushed agriculture to a new stage, impacting plant diversity, harvests, and society. The idea of sustainable agriculture is gaining popularity because we want to reconcile productivity and environmental protection. Rich countries already adopted this concept in the 1990s. To generalize it, research is needed not only for large farms, but also for small farms in developing countries. Climate-smart agriculture preserves nature by using varied methods and planning well. The authors propose a new model based on data collection to better manage farms in a changing environment.
AI and IoT in Flood Forecasting and Mitigation
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: May 2024

This chapter outlines the complete way to deal with flood estimating and alleviation through the mix of man-made brainpower (artificial intelligence) and the web of things (IoT). Floods are among the most pulverizing catastrophic events universally, requiring progressed techniques for expectation and reaction. Computer-based intelligence and IoT innovations offer promising arrangements by empowering precise estimating, constant observation, and compelling relief measures. This part investigates the groundwork of computer-based intelligence and IoT in calamity the board, featuring their assembly for upgraded information examination and navigation. It digs into artificial intelligence models, such as profound learning and AI for flood expectation, alongside the organization of IoT sensors and gadgets for continuous observing in flood-inclined regions.
An Innovative Investigation on Predicting Forest Fire Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ramalingam Renugadevi
Published: May 2024

Predicting forest fire occurrences can bolster early detection capabilities and improve early warning systems and responses. Currently, forest and grassland fire prevention and suppression efforts in China face significant hurdles due to the complex interplay of natural and societal factors. While existing models for predicting forest fire occurrences typically consider factors like vegetation, topography, weather conditions, and human activities, the moisture content of forest fuels is a critical aspect closely linked to fire occurrences. Additionally, it introduces forest fuel-related factors, including vegetation canopy water content and evapotranspiration from the top of the vegetation canopy, to construct a comprehensive database for predicting forest fire occurrences. Furthermore, the study develops a forest fire occurrence prediction model using machine learning techniques such as the random forest model (RF), gradient boosting decision tree model (GBDT), and adaptive augmentation model (AdaBoost).
Scholarly Communication Theories for Building Effective Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure
Authors: Adakawa Murtala Ismail , Harinarayana N. S.
Published: May 2024

This research investigates scholarly communication theories used during the COVID-19 pandemic as a strategy for building effective disaster-resilience infrastructure. The study employed scientometric and content analysis to understand the behavior of data in this regard. For scientometric analysis part, using Scopus from 16-23rd January 2024 employing search strategy “COVID-19 and theories” OR “Community resilience” OR “Disaster-resilience Infrastructure,” it yielded about 5,266,065 documents and reduced to 10,053 through data pruning. The findings showed that 2023 has been the year with the highest number of publications 4369(43.45%) followed by 2021 accounting for 2277(22.65%). For content analysis, types of theories, constructs of importance, methodologies, etc. employed by researchers were studied. The study concludes that, even though theories are deterministically used to direct policy formulations and implementation in indeterministic disaster conditions, they quickly provide a means of understanding and enumerating possible variables for tackling such hazards.
An In-Depth Analysis of Nonwoven Materials in the Medical Sector
Authors: Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides an overview of nonwoven materials in the healthcare industry, discussing their many uses, characteristics, advantages, challenges, recent developments, and potential future prospects. The essentiality of nonwovens lies in their barrier efficiency, breathability, and comfort, which make them indispensable in surgical gowns, face masks, sterile packing, wound dressings, and hygiene products. The study emphasizes the cost-effectiveness, disposability, and infection control of nonwoven materials, while also discussing their environmental impact and compliance with regulations. The dynamic advancement of these materials is shown by the integration of nanotechnology and the development of smart nonwovens. In the future, biodegradable alternatives and customized healthcare solutions are expected to be available due to sustainability, technology, and emerging trends. The healthcare sector consequences include enhanced patient safety, improved operational efficiency, and increased sustainability. Future research should prioritize investigating environmentally sustainable alternatives, advanced filtering technologies, and adherence to regulations to maintain the superior performance of nonwoven materials in healthcare applications.
Nanomedicine
Authors: Kadir A. K. M. Shafiul , Prabhakar Pranav Kumar , Shemanto Mohammad Ullah , Sharfaraz Ashik , Tripura Soumik , Akhter Ety , Urmi Rabeya Akter , Kundu Joye , Dutta Tama
Published: May 2024

The chapter explores the transformative potential of nanomedicine in revolutionizing drug delivery. Nanomedicine, combining nanotechnology and medicine, offers innovative solutions for healthcare. It delves into advancements enabling targeted and controlled release of therapeutics, improving treatment efficacy while reducing side effects. Beginning with an introduction to nanomedicine's applications, it discusses recent breakthroughs such as nanoparticle-based delivery systems and targeted therapy nanocarriers. Real-world case studies illustrate nanomedicine's efficacy across various diseases. Addressing challenges in translation to clinical practice, including safety and regulatory hurdles, it emphasizes collaborative efforts among stakeholders. Looking forward, ongoing research for safer and more efficient drug delivery systems is highlighted, stressing the need for continued innovation. The chapter aligns with the book's theme of showcasing cutting-edge biomedical developments to improve healthcare.
Leveraging Innovative Vaccines in Conquering Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Kadir A. K. M. Shafiul , Prabhakar Pranav Kumar , Ferdause Jannatul , Jubaira Sifat , Tasnim Maisha , Monima Mosharrat , Shemanto Mohammad Ullah , Kundu Joye , Akhter Rukaiya , Ura Ayesha Afrose , Tisa Ma Afia Jafrin
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the role of innovative vaccines in combating emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). The rapid evolution of these diseases presents significant global health challenges, necessitating urgent investment in state-of-the-art vaccines. The chapter emphasizes the importance of proactive measures to mitigate these threats, contributing to improved healthcare and global public health. It provides a comprehensive overview of recent vaccine advancements, highlights the urgency of cutting-edge vaccines, and examines emerging vaccine technologies. It also presents case studies demonstrating vaccine impact and discusses strategies for proactive containment of EIDs. Technological advancements, such as mRNA and viral vector platforms, are explored, showcasing their potential to revolutionize vaccine production and response times. It outlines proactive strategies for EID containment, emphasizing the importance of research initiatives, global collaboration, and preparedness.
Adenovirus Outbreaks
Authors: Paul Subrata , Mitra Anirban , Roy Piyal , Podder Amitava
Published: May 2024

Adenovirus outbreaks in children pose significant public health challenges worldwide, leading to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections with potential complications. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, public health implications, and potential vaccines and therapies for adenovirus outbreaks in children. Epidemiological data reveal the global burden of adenovirus infections, with various countries experiencing outbreaks and reporting cases of acute hepatitis and respiratory infections. Clinical manifestations range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic methods, optimize antiviral therapy, and explore gene therapy approaches. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the current understanding of adenovirus outbreaks in children and emphasizes the importance of proactive measures to mitigate their impact on public health.
Personalized Medicine and Genomic Research
Authors: Askari Shadi
Published: May 2024

This chapter embarks on an exploration of the cutting-edge developments that are reshaping the healthcare landscape. The convergence of personalized medicine and genomic research promises to revolutionize the way we approach diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. This chapter delves into the profound impact of these innovations, highlighting the shift from a one-size-fits-all approach to healthcare to one that is customized to an individual's unique genetic makeup. The authors delve into the potential of precision medicine, its applications in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, and the emerging role of genetic testing in empowering individuals to take control of their health. As we peer into the future of healthcare, we find ourselves at the threshold of a new era, where the fusion of genomics and personalized medicine promises to offer more effective, precise, and patient-centered healthcare solutions.
Homestay Tourism in Indian Himalayas
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Kumar Pankaj
Published: May 2024

In the growing concerns of overcrowding and overtourism at urban destinations, homestays in the hills of India have been a favoured choice for those seeking to experience nature, tranquillity, and authenticity. The popularity of this trend surged during and post-coronavirus manifold, positioning it as a great tool for community engagement and sustainable tourism. Despite its potential and myriad opportunities for the locals, several challenges prevail which are needed to improve the longevity of the phenomenon. The investigation of the challenges in the context of the Indian Himalayas is scarce, especially after the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, the present study tracks the progress of homestay research in the context of the Indian Himalayas and also examines the impediments faced by the participants (i.e., the homestay operators). Various challenges in the way of homestay participants entail short stays, dominance of established circuits, absence of promotion, connectivity, accessibility, and seaosnality.
Creative Cities in the Scope of Sustainability in Gastronomy
Authors: Genceli Demet , Akay Ecem
Published: May 2024

The present study examines the concepts of sustainability, creative economy, prosperity, gastroeconomy, and UNESCO creative cities, and discusses the momentum that gastronomy can gain by collaborating with tourism. The concepts discussed in the study are numerous; however, all of them are related to each other, and the conclusion includes recommendations. A high level of prosperity is one of the ultimate aspirations of every person in the world. In achieving this level of prosperity, it is necessary to be guided by the principles of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. In this study, creative cities in gastronomy are discussed within the framework of Türkiye. In particular, it has been argued that gastronomy tourism in these cities could contribute to both sustainability and prosperity.
Identifying the Universal Perspectives of Tourism and Water Conservation Issues
Authors: Srivastava Sidharth , Sharma Savita
Published: May 2024

The potential of tourism can't be questioned, and few decades have seen a rise in tourist activities globally. Yet, the management of tourism in present times is questionable and, due to the poor governance and apathy, has raised the water usage at the destination a debatable issue. Water is considered to be a life source and sometimes quoted as the next chief reason that could bring countries to standoff in times to come. This chapter tries to establish the importance of water conservation and its linkage with tourism, in the present circumstances where survival for many countries due to lack of water has been becoming complex. A review of earlier studies has been taken into consideration, and a model to assist tourism practices to continue while protecting the natural resources has been suggested. This study can further be extended to develop policies for the inclusion of practices that do not threaten water resources, but instead assist in the conservation of it.
Navigating the Path to Sustainable Transformation in Tourism and Hospitality
Authors: Kumar Paramjeet
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides an overview of a research study titled “Navigating the Path to Sustainable Transformation in Tourism and Hospitality: Overcoming Challenges and Advancing Towards SDGs Through Holistic Sustainability Practices.” This research study explores the journey towards sustainable transformation in the tourism and hospitality industry. It examines the challenges faced in achieving sustainable development goals and proposes holistic sustainability practices to overcome these challenges. The study aims to shed light on the path towards sustainable transformation in the tourism and hospitality industry, highlighting the challenges that need to be addressed for the successful achievement of sustainable development goals.
Principals, Practices, and Challenges of Social Sustainability in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Authors: Yadav Nagendra , Kestwal Ashish Kumar
Published: May 2024

Social sustainability is critical to the tourism and hospitality industry. It encompasses practices that promote community well-being, cultural preservation, and equitable economic development. This chapter explores this industry's principles, practices, and social sustainability challenges. By examining case studies, policy frameworks, and stakeholder perspectives, the authors delve into the multifaceted nature of social sustainability. Responsible tourism, local engagement, fair employment, and cultural sensitivity are key themes. The tourism and hospitality sectors are pivotal in global economies, but their impact extends beyond financial gains. Social sustainability emphasizes balancing economic growth with social and environmental considerations.
Mantle cell lymphoma in HIV infection: First reported case in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ratnayake Chandima , Karawaita Ajith , Weerawansa Prasanna , Mendis Vasana , Jayaratne Dilini , Asanthi Jayanjana , Ekanayake Upul , Dayaratne Koralegedara , Weerakoon Hema , Shanmugalingam Sivajini
Published: May 2024

Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) defining malignancy which can present with generalized lymphadenopathy. HIV itself has a 60-to-200-fold increase in risk for NHL, and most of the NHL in HIV infection are aggressive B cell-type with wide histological variation. Primary Central Nervous System lymphoma (PCNSL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) are the two most common types of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) associated with HIV infection. Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive form of NHL arising from the "Mantle Zone" of the lymph nodes. MCL is not a common type of NHL described in HIV infection. We report a case of MCL in 34-year-old HIV-infected women presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly in Sri Lanka. Failure to adhere to antiretroviral therapy leading to uncontrolled HIV viral load and low CD4 count as risk factors for developing rare MCL is discussed.
A young patient with cord compression diagnosed as a solitary sacral plasmacytoma: a case report
Authors: Dissanayaka Ishara , Karunarathna Wasantha , Weerawansa Prasanna
Published: May 2024

Plasmacytoma is a subgroup of plasma cell neoplasms characterized by localized proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. It is a rare disease that accounts for only less than 5% of all plasma cell tumours and can present alone or with multiple myeloma. Here, we report a clinical case of unusual presentation, in which solitary sacral plasmacytoma of a previously well young woman presented with bilateral lower limb numbness. She was found to have a sacral-originated tumour, which was later diagnosed as a solitary sacral plasmacytoma with the help of imaging and histological evaluation, along with the absence of the end organ damage.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis in beta-thalassemia with suspected pigment stone: a diagnostic confusion
Authors: Nawarathne Piyumali , Karunarathne Wasantha , Herath Ruwani , De Silva Chintaka , Siribaddana Sisira
Published: May 2024

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in progressive fibrosis of the biliary tract. The diagnosis is made by demonstrating a beaded appearance in the cholangiography while excluding the secondary causes of sclerosing cholangitis. We report a 27-year-old Sri Lankan female who presented with cholestatic jaundice, whose beta-thalassemia carrier state and pigment stones led to a misdiagnosis as common bile duct obstruction. The magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed the diagnosis.
Clinical complexity unveiled: A case of primary biliary cholangitis autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome
Authors: Maduranga Kasun , Jayasundara Sudharika , Arulnesan Albert Nimalan , Piyarathna Chathura Lakmal
Published: May 2024

Overlap syndrome with primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis (PBC-AIH) remain uncommon liver autoimmune-related disorders. Diagnosis is based on clinical, biochemical, serological, and histological findings. Early diagnosis of the disease will give the best outcome even though evidence-proven treatment is still unavailable to tackle this disease entity. Here, we present a case of a Sri Lankan woman diagnosed with PBC-AIH overlap syndrome. She presented with symptoms of jaundice and pruritus. Extensive investigations, including liver biopsy were instrumental in confirming the diagnosis.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with perceived stress among university students in South Africa after Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Mahlangu Thandeka Moniccah , Mokoena Oratilwe Penwell , Ntuli Thembelihle Sam
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Perceived stress is a mental disorder that leads to physical, emotional, and psychological disturbances. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of perceived stress among a cohort of university students in South Africa after the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted involving students in the Faculty of Science at Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University from August to September, 2023. The perceived stress scale (PSS)-10 was used to assess the level of stress among science students. Logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of perceived stress.Results: Hundred and fifty-eight (158) students participated in this study, of which 91.1% (n=144) completed sections of the PSS questions and were further analysed. Their mean age was 23.3±2.9 years ranging from 18 to 40 years. There were more female respondents than males (70.8% versus 29.2%). Of the respondents, 93.8% were unmarried, 63.9% were undergraduates and 97.3% were African. Twenty-five percent (n=39) of the participants had symptoms of perceived stress. In the univariate logistic regression model student’s age, gender, and marital status were identified as predictors of perceived stress. As per the results of the multivariate logistic model, perceived stress was significantly high among females compared to males.Conclusion: One-quarter of our study participants had perceived stress during the post COVID-19 era. Females were significantly more affected as compared to males. Thus, implementing measures to reduce perceived stress, more specifically among the female undergraduates is a timely requirement.
Evaluation of Sensory Acceptability, Functional Properties, and Proximate Composition of Four Novel Functional Foods Incorporated with Garcinia quaesita Leaves
Authors: Bulathgama B. E. A. U. , Lakshman P. L. N. , Bulugahapitiya V. P.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Garcinia quaesita is an exquisite spice used extensively in imparting flavour to foods, and in curing diseases in Ayurveda. Considering the seasonality of the fruit rind, abundance of the leaves, and potential functional properties displayed by the leaves, this study was intended to develop functional foods incorporating garcinia leaf extract and assess their sensory, functional, and nutritional properties.Research Method: Herbal tea, herbal cracker, herbal appetizer and herbal confectionary incorporated with garcinia leaves were developed and assessed for their sensory qualities. As in functional properties, total polyphenol content, total antioxidant activity, and total flavonoid content of the products were measured while the proximate composition was analyzed to obtain basic nutritional composition.Findings: All the products were sensory accepted; with mean scores above, “3” from a 5-point hedonic scale in each attribute, while retaining the basic nutritional composition of their particular food categories. Each product reported significant amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids with remarkable antioxidant activity, whereas, the highest reported values were shown by Herbal tea, consist of G. quaesita, P. guajava, C. verum and C. sinensis. Being comprised of direct herbal infusions as well as the synergetic effect of the herbal materials seems the potential factors behind these elevated functional properties.Research Limitations: The main research limitation was the limited accessibility to sensory panelists, raw materials, chemicals and laboratories due to the pandemic situation in the study period.Originality: The study demonstrates the concept of incorporating Garcinia quaesita leaf extract in food products to impart functional properties while retaining higher sensory acceptability.
Patient adherence to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis treatment in a low-resource setting: An interventional study
Authors: Yapa M. S. S. , Chaminda J. L. P. , Amaraweera T. H. N. G.
Published: May 2024

Background: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is an affordable home-based treatment method for low-resource settings. Currently, CAPD facilities in low-resource settings are expanding in Sri Lanka. Non-adherence of patients and caregivers to the treatment is a major problem.Objective: To assess the current adherence and outcome of CAPD in low-resource settings, design an intervention to reduce the current shortcomings and evaluate the results of the intervention for improving patient adherence.Methods: This was an interventional research project with patients undergoing CAPD. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and key informant interviews during the pre and post-intervention stages were used to assess adherence. Gaps identified after analysing the results of pre-intervention were used to design the intervention. Three “one-day” workshops were conducted to improve adherence. The new system was introduced and continued for five months, after which post-intervention was assessed. McNemar’s and paired t-tests were used to measure the statistical significance.Results: Most of the participants were males, aged 50 to 59 years. Results showed that intervention proved to be effective in improving overall feelings about current health conditions (p=0.004). The number of days a patient stayed in a hospital decreased after the intervention (p=0.001). It showed a positive effect on overall personal hygiene practices (p=0.000). Further, intervention positively impacted record keeping (p=0.096).Conclusion: The intervention significantly contributed to improving patient adherence and caregivers' knowledge. Continuous assessment, training programs, and home visits for problematic patients should be implemented to improve adherence and sustainability of the CAPD.
Nursing Officers Attitudes Toward the implementation of Hospital Health Information Management System in Hospitals in Kalmunai RDHS
Authors: Issadeen Shaikila R. , Mujeeb I. M. , Rajab T. S. R. T. R. , Ikrima R. Fathima
Published: May 2024

Background: Transition from paper-based health record systems to comprehensive electronic Hospital Health Information Management System is viewed as a means to improve both the quality of patient care and professional factors related to end-users.Objective: To Evaluate the attitudes and concerns towards implementation of electronic record system among Nursing Officers.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at RDHS Kalmunai among 95 nursing officers attached to four Base hospitals from October to November 2023. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data related to demography and attitudes of nursing officers. Study analysis was performed using mean and percentages, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s test.Results: 70.5% of the nurses were female and 47.8% of them were >39 years old. All had previous computer exposure and 67.45% of them had 1-2 years electronic system experience. Nurses attitude towards electronic health record system was positive (mean score 62.28, SD=8.79). Majority of nurses agreed that computer has allowed them to become more efficient (73.5%) and reduced paper-based work (54.3%). They disagreed that computer has caused them to decrease interdepartmental communication (58.8%).Nurses perceived that computer usage may cause more legal implications (74.9%), increased healthcare cost (65.2%), increased waiting time of patient and caused less satisfaction to patients (60.8%) and more work load (54.3%). No statistical significant co relation between nurses attitude score and demographic variables (p= > 0.05).Conclusions: Nurses exhibited a positive disposition towards computer-based documentation. As it was an implementing stage frequent awareness programmes might prevent potential misunderstandings and enhance adoptability. Additionally, continuous refresher training program could be suggested to improve speed and proficiency.
Evaluation of the Basic Training Program at the School of Ophthalmic Technology
Authors: Epa W. K. M. , Ranasinghe G. S. , Samarakoon M. A. S. C. , De Alwis S.
Published: May 2024

Background: Training and development are vital in Human Resource management. The School of Ophthalmic Technology offers diploma-level training in Sri Lanka, and the Ministry of Health collaborates to streamline the program.Objective: To Evaluate ophthalmic technology training at the School of Ophthalmic Technology to improve the quality of eye care and health outcomes.Methods: The study conducted at the National Eye Hospital from December 2023 to January 2024. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. The sample population involved four trainers and 24 trainees. The methodology included assessments from both trainees and trainers, facility surveys, document reviews, and key informant interviews. The data was analysed using SPSS.Results: The study has identified several issues related to trainees, including communication difficulties with non-academic staff, the unavailability of dining room facilities, a lack of hands-on experience with OCT (Ocular Coherence Tomography) and FFA (Fluorescein Fundus Angiography), a lack of clarity about the curriculum/syllabus, unavailability of past papers, and a majority of trainees failing in the main exams.Conclusion: To address trainee issues, it is crucial to update the curriculum to align with the current requirements of the clinical field. The evaluation process for students should also be scrutinized. Moreover, students should have easy access to past papers and curriculum details. The hospital administration must take measures to support the trainees whenever necessary.