bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capítulo 5: Tostado de café coffea arábica L. con sistema infrarrojo lejano y convencional, en comunidad nativa de Pasco-Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Rodríguez Layza Juan , Monago Curi Mayra Y. ,   Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Manrique Ysaias Alan Jesús ,   Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Enciso Waller Marilyn Cyndi ,   Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Quispe Solano Miguel Ángel ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Camayo Lapa Becquer Frauberth ,   Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Published: October 2023

El tostado del café es un paso fundamental en el proceso de producción que influye directamente en el sabor, aroma, textura y calidad general de la bebida por ello es importante investigar diferentes métodos de tostado. Por lo que se propuso el objetivo de comparar la calidad de café tostado Coffea arábica variedad Caturra, en infrarrojo lejano y convencional, en la comunidad Nativa Ñagazu, Villa Rica, Pasco, Perú. Con un diseño totalmente aleatorizado, dos tratamientos (infrarrojo lejano y convencional), cinco repeticiones, con muestras de 2.5 kg de café grano oro pilado, humedad de 10%, fermentado y secado al sol. Los resultados en temperatura de tueste en los puntos de equilibrio y final fueron iguales estadísticamente, en caramelización fue 145.40 oC mayor y 181.46 oC menor en primer crack para infrarrojo lejano frente a convencional; tiempo de tueste, en infrarrojo lejano fue mayor con 40.77 minutos, comparado al convencional de 11.21 minutos; densidad aparente de 656.80 kg/m3, pérdida de masa de 20.45 g en infrarrojo lejano fue superior al convencional de 483.00 kg/m3 y 39.36 g en densidad y pérdida de masa; el puntaje en taza en convencional con 82.30 puntos en SCAA, fue mayor al infrarrojo lejano con 72.45 puntos en SCAA; atributos sensoriales no hubo diferencias en dulzor, taza limpia y uniformidad, con puntajes máximos de 10, pero en aroma, sabor, sabor residual, acidez, cuerpo, balance y en general el sistema convencional fue superior al infrarrojo lejano.
Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism Industry in Oyo State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adewumi Afolasade
Published: October 2023

Globalisation and regional development have, over the years, been aided through the tourism industry. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused a public health emergency leading to huge loss of lives across the globe and at the same time, greatly affecting the global economy, the tourism industry has been the most affected. This impact is because tourism usually involves travel from one geographical area to another. Cultural tourism is an aspect of tourism through which individuals express their right to cultural life as they move to cultural attractions away from their place of residence, to gather new information and experiences in a bid to satisfy their cultural needs. To combat the outbreak of Covid-19, a prominent measure that has been utilised by states is the imposition of either a partial or full lockdown measure while restricting international travel. This research analyses the impact of Covid-19 on development in the tourism industry in Oyo State in southwest Nigeria. Its findings revealed that the tourism industry was negatively affected by COVID-19. The right to benefit from new inventions has not been adequately explored. Though heritage practitioners are aware of the need to ensure the tourism industry stays innovative to meet the challenges of the times, the government has not taken any steps in this regard. It needs to give priority to the heritage industry as tourism development as a huge role to play in achieving human rights.
Influence of Enriched Organic Manures on Yield and Economics of Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Gami H. D. , Pawar Y. D. , Patel Pavan K.
Published: October 2023

Present investigation was executed to evaluate the “Influence of enriched organic manures on yield and economics of sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)” during rabi season at College of Horticulture, SD Agricultural University, Jagudan, Dist. Mehsana, Gujarat, India. A field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Significant differences among different treatments for maximum average weight of curd (236.30 g), yield per plot (3.78 kg), yield per hectare (175.15 q), maximum gross return (₹ 437875 per ha), maximum net return (₹ 355583 per ha) and B:C ratio (5.32) were recorded with application of FYM (20 t/ha) along with 100:50:50 kg/ha NPK (T1). Among the various organic manure treatments, maximum average weight of curd (196.93 g), yield per plot (3.12 kg), yield per hectare (144.45 q) and maximum gross return (₹ 361125 per ha) were recorded with treatment of RDN through vermicompost enriched with NPK consortia (T4). Whereas, maximum net return (₹ 278926 per ha) and B:C ratio (4.71) were found under treatment T5 (RDN through poultry manure enriched with NPK consortia).
Influence of Sulfur and Silicon on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ganta Tejaswini , C. Umesha
Published: October 2023

The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) India. To study the response of sulfur and silicon on growth and yield of Rice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). Findings showed that the higher plant height (117.68 cm), higher number of tillers/hill (14.75), higher plant dry weight (102.23 g/plant), higher crop growth rate (76.8 g/m2/day), number of panicles/hill (12.01), higher number of grains/panicle (140.05), higher 1000 seed weight (23.91 gm), higher grain yield (6.87 t/ha) and higher straw yield (14.53 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Sulfur 30 kg/ha + Silicon 120 kg/ha. Higher gross return (INR 1,73,066.00/ha), higher net return (INR 1,24,238.00/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.54) were also recorded in treatment 9 (Sulfur 30 kg/ha + Silicon 120 kg/ha).
Implementasi Pendidikan Berbasis Akidah Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik di SD Swasta Al-Mawaddah Bagan Batu Kecamatan Bagan Sinembah
Authors: Oloan Sultan
Published: October 2023

Tujuan Penelitian Ini adalah untuk mengetahui, Implementasi Pendidikan Berbasis Akidah Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik Di SD Swasta Al-Mawaddah Bagan Batu Kecamatan Bagan Sinembah.. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan diskriptif. Sumber data adalah kepala madrasah, waka dan majlis guru. Adapun instrumen pengumpulan data adalah melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis diskriptif dengan cara reduksi data, display data dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil penelitian, Pertama, kepala madrasah dalam bentuk penataan personalia sesuai dengan bidang dan tugasnya masing-masing, menanamkan sifat disiplin kepada seluruh dewan guru, staf dan  siswa, membangun komunikasi dengan guru dan staf untuk membangun kebersamaan untuk mencapai visi, misi dan tujuan madrasah, memberikan motivasi, memberikan penghargaan bagi guru-guru dan siswa yang berprestasi, mengadakan pelatihan dan pendidikan in-service training, menugaskan guru untuk mengikuti pelatihan di luar, menugaskan guru untuk mengikuti Kelompok Kerja Guru  (KKG, mengadakan supervisi/kunjungan kelas, menempatkan guru pada bidang studi yang sesuai dengan latar belakang pendidikan guru tersebut dan mendorong guru untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan serta tingkat kualifikasinya. Kedua, kepala madrasah adalah dengan menyediakan, melengkapi, dan mengadakan seluruh fasilitas madrasah baik yang berbentuk fisik maupun non fisik, seperti menambah bangunan sekolah menjadi dua tingkat, pembangunan labor dan pembangunan mushalla, menyediakan dan mengadakan tambahan buku perpustakaan serta membantu para guru dalam menyiapkan dan melengkapi alat-alat pengajaran demi tercapainnya tujuan pendidikan dan pengajaran yang telah di tetapkan. Ketiga, kepala madrasah dalam  pembinaan ekstrakurikuler ini adalah dengan memberdayakan semua potensi yang ada di madrasah mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi kegiatan non akademik, melengkapi seluruh fasilitas yang diperlukan dalam pengembangan diri tersebut, kemudian membuat tim madrasah dengan jalan membuat sk kepada guru pembimbing dan pendamping yang menjalankan setiap kegiatan ekstra yang ada di madrasah serta mendatangkan pelatih dari luar maupun guru-guru madrasah yang berkompetensi dalam bidangnya, dan melakukan pengawasan dan evaluasi kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di akhir semester.
Teori Belajar Berbasis Neurosains Telaah Surah Al-Alaq Teori Belajar Berbasis Neurosains Telaah Surah Al-Alaq
Authors: Muji Muji , Pangestuti Rindiyani
Published: October 2023

Kecerdasan yang menjadi dasar keberhasilan belajar yang merujuk pada perkembangan otak dan jaringan saraf. Berdasarkan fenomena yang terjadi masih terjadinya penekanan pada intelektual, namun rendah dalam pengembangan minat bakat peserta didik dalam sistem pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Teori Belajar Berbasis Neurosains Telaah Surah Al-Alaq, sebagai upaya mengetahui kemampuan otak manusia yang berhubungan dengan kesadaran dan kepekaan otak dari segi biologi, persepsi, ingatan dan pembelajaran yang melibatkan kemampuan IQ, EQ dan SQ peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian library research dengan teknik analisis isi yang dilakukan berdasarkan pendekatan studi teks kewahyuan. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa teori belajar berbasis neurosains dapat menjadi sarana dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir dan tahapan proses pembelajaran yang melibatkan kemampuan IQ.EQ dan SQ. Serta terdapat integrasi antara ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an pada surah Al-Alaq.
Upaya Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Siswa di MI Al-Muhajirin Tanah Putih
Authors: Yulia Raja Hafisya
Published: October 2023

Tujuan Penelitian Ini adalah untuk mengetahui, Upaya Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Siswa  di  MI Al-Muhajirin Tanah Putih. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan diskriptif. Sumber data adalah kepala madrasah, waka dan majlis guru. Adapun instrumen pengumpulan data adalah melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis diskriptif dengan cara reduksi data, display data dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil penelitian, Pertama, kepala madrasah dalam bentuk penataan personalia sesuai dengan bidang dan tugasnya masing-masing, menanamkan sifat disiplin kepada seluruh dewan guru, staf dan  siswa, membangun komunikasi dengan guru dan staf untuk membangun kebersamaan untuk mencapai visi, misi dan tujuan madrasah, memberikan motivasi, memberikan penghargaan bagi guru-guru dan siswa yang berprestasi, mengadakan pelatihan dan pendidikan in-service training, menugaskan guru untuk mengikuti pelatihan di luar, menugaskan guru untuk mengikuti Kelompok Kerja Guru  (KKG, mengadakan supervisi/kunjungan kelas, menempatkan guru pada bidang studi yang sesuai dengan latar belakang pendidikan guru tersebut dan mendorong guru untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan serta tingkat kualifikasinya. Kedua, kepala madrasah adalah dengan menyediakan, melengkapi, dan mengadakan seluruh fasilitas madrasah baik yang berbentuk fisik maupun non fisik, seperti menambah bangunan sekolah menjadi dua tingkat, pembangunan labor dan pembangunan mushalla, menyediakan dan mengadakan tambahan buku perpustakaan serta membantu para guru dalam menyiapkan dan melengkapi alat-alat pengajaran demi tercapainnya tujuan pendidikan dan pengajaran yang telah di tetapkan. Ketiga, kepala madrasah dalam  pembinaan ekstrakurikuler ini adalah dengan memberdayakan semua potensi yang ada di madrasah mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi kegiatan non akademik, melengkapi seluruh fasilitas yang diperlukan dalam pengembangan diri tersebut, kemudian membuat tim madrasah dengan jalan membuat sk kepada guru pembimbing dan pendamping yang menjalankan setiap kegiatan ekstra yang ada di madrasah serta mendatangkan pelatih dari luar maupun guru-guru madrasah yang berkompetensi dalam bidangnya, dan melakukan pengawasan dan evaluasi kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di akhir semester.
Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik Melalui Pendidikan Berbasis Al-Qur’an
Authors: Rosyid Abdur
Published: October 2023

Pembentukan kepribadian manusia (character building) yang seimbang, sehat dan kuat, sangat dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan agama dan internalisasi nilai keagamaan dalam diri peserta didik Peletakan dasar-dasar pendidikan agama adalah kewajiban orang tua dan juga menjadi tugas guru, masyarakat, dan pemerintah melalui berbagai lembaga pendidikan Tulisan ini membahas tentang pentingnya pendidikan Al-Quran, pendidikan berbasis A 1-Quran, dan pembentukan karakter peserta didik melalui pendidikan Pendidikan adalah sebuah proses yang tidak berkesudahan yang sangar menentukan karakter bangsa pada masa kini dan masa datang Apakah suatu bangsa akan muncul sebagai bangsa yang berkarakter baik atau bangsa berkarakter buruk, sangat tergantung pada kualitas pendidikanyang dapat membentuk karakter anak bangsa tersebut. Pembentukan karakter melalui pendekatan pendidikan Al-Quran selain menjadi bagian dari proses pembentukan akhlak mulia, diharapkan mampu menjadi pondasi utama dalam meningkatkan derajat dan martabat peserta didik

sebagai anak bangsa.
Strategi Pembelajaran Online Pada Masa Pandemi dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Al- Qur’an Hadits di Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Negeri 02 Batam
Authors: Santi Dewi , Handayani Riska
Published: October 2023

Abstrak

Pembelajaran online pada masa pandemi Covid 19 merupakan solusi pembelajaran  dan pencapaian prestasi belajar siswa terkhusunya pada mata pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadits di kelas V MI Negeri 2 Batam. Fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Apa saja langkah yang dilakukan seorang guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran online pada mapel Al-Qur’an Hadits di Kelas V MI Negeri 2 Batam? 2) Bagaimana pencapaian prestasi belajar siswa kelas V pada mapel Al-Qur’an Hadits dengan menggunakan sistem pembelajaran online? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan subyek penelitian guru yang mengampu mapel Al-Qur’an Hadist dan beberapa siswa kelas V MI Negeri 02 Batam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa:1) Pembelajaran online dilaksanakan melalui langkah- langkah perencanaan dan pelaksanaan. Perencanaan membuat strategi pembelajaran dengan menciptakan suasana dan materi belajar yang menarik dan menyenangkan serta lebih bervariasi sehingga siswa merasa senang mengikuti pembelajaran dari rumah.Pelaksanaannya yaitu mengshare materi dan tugas harian ke whatsApp Group dan Google Form. 2) Prestasi belajar siswa selama pembelajaran online menunjukkan bahwa kognitif siswa mengalami peningkatan sebab ketika siswa kurang memahami materi yang disampikan guru, orangtua dapat membantu dan mendampingi siswa ketika belajar. selain itu, mengalami peningkatan juga dalam segi nilai dan keterampilan.
Pengaruh Metode Talaqqi Dalam Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an terhadap Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Qur’an Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Islam Integral Luqman Al-Hakim 02 Batam
Authors: Lubis Syamsidah , Purnama Dewi Sabda
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh Metode Talaqqi dalam Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Terhadap Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Qur’an Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Islam Integral Luqman Al-Hakim 02 Batam. Teknik pengumpulan sampel data variabel x dan y dengan menggunakan angket kepada siswa. Hasil perhitungan dengan bantuan software SPSS 21 for windows dan rumusan koefisien determinan. Uji normalitas nilai Asymptotic sig sebesar 0,532 > 0,05 variabel metode talaqqi (x), dan Asymptotic sig sebesar 0,582 > 0,05 variabel kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an (y), maka berdistribusi normal. Sig. Deviation from linierity 0.668 > 0,05, maka memiliki hubungan linear. Diperoleh sig. (2-tailed) metode talaqqi dan kemampuan menghafal Al-Qur’an sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, maka uji hipotesis terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Uji koefisien determinasinya  adalah 19,9%. Berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, Ha menyatakan terdapat pengaruh metode talaqqi dalam Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Terhadap Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Qur’an Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Islam Integral Luqman Al-Hakim 02 Batam diterima.
Urgensi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Dunia Pendidikan
Authors: Muthma'innah Muthma'innah
Published: October 2023

Pendidikan pada dasarnya adalah upaya meningkatkan kemampuan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki karakter dan dapat hidup mandiri. Sedangkan pendidikan karakter merupakan upaya yang dilakukan secara terencana dalam mengembangkan potensi peserta didik, agar memiliki sistem berpikir, sistem nilai, dan keyakinan yang diwariskan oleh orang tua, lingkungan masyarakat dan lingkungan sekolah agar peserta didik dapat berkembang sesuai kehidupan pada masa kini dan masa mendatang. Tujuan dari pendidikan karakter yaitu agar peserta didik memiliki karakter kepribadian yang baik dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai positif di lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan masyarakat maupun lingkungan sekolah.
La construcción de la Ciudad Universitaria de Nuevo León (1950-1969) y su relación con los precedentes del Tecnológico de Monterrey y de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Acosta Badillo Susana Julieth , Prieto González José Manuel
Published: October 2023

La idea surgió en 1941, pero hubo que esperar hasta 1950 para ver conformado el Patronato que en gran medida hizo posible la construcción de la segunda ciudad universitaria de México, sólo por detrás de la de la Universidad Nacional (UNAM). Desde entonces, y pasando a veces por situaciones humillantes como la del decreto federal de 1952 que cedía un terreno militar para tal fin pero bajo condiciones difíciles de aceptar, el proceso se dilató en el tiempo hasta 1969, año en que se construyó el último plantel —la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas— previsto en el proyecto de conjunto original. La ciudad universitaria de Nuevo León (CUNL) sigue de cerca el modelo de la de la UNAM, pero no tuvo el mismo apoyo que el gobierno central brindó a esta última. En el ámbito local se adelantó la iniciativa privada con el Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), cuyo campus empezó a construirse en 1945, y ello influyó en que el apoyo del empresariado a la universidad pública fuera sólo parcial. Hubo que abrirse paso a contracorriente, y en esa tarea fue clave el esfuerzo y la tenacidad del rector y gobernador Raúl Rangel Frías. Cabe aclarar que en el presente artículo se analizan primordialmente los antecedentes de la CUNL y su relación con los campus del ITESM y la UNAM, predecesores inmediatos en México, sin que éstos sean el hilo conductor de la investigación; se consideran aquí como referencia obligada para la comprensión del contexto en que surge la CUNL.
Using Diaries to Promote Reflection on Teaching
Authors: Hull Jonathan
Published: October 2023

This diary study reports on an experienced teacher’s reflections on his teaching of two classes, one undergraduate and the other graduate, over half a semester. The data were subjected both to content analysis and keyword analysis, the latter to mitigate to some extent the effects of subjectivity. Issues found for the undergraduate class include the role of task type in motivating students to use English during group work, the amount of time expended on the pre-teaching of vocabulary and, related, a tendency to teacher-centredness; in contrast, in the graduate class, there was extensive evidence of teacher digression from lesson plans.
Questioning Techniques and Student Participation
Authors: Teerakornvisatpugdee Nuttawarin , Srimavin Wilaksana
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the use of Cole & Chan’s (1987) questioning techniques to see the factors affecting the success of their use. The study was conducted with three native teachers of English who used the same topic in three classes of undergraduate students in the Engineering Faculty of a Thai university. The research instrument was the transcripts from the video recording of the classes. The results of the study indicate that the teachers varied in their use of questioning techniques to help their students answer questions. While ‘redirecting’ was the only technique that none of the teachers used, the most successful technique was ‘prompting’. However, the success of teachers’ questioning did not depend on the numbers of techniques used. It can be concluded that, in order to get students’ participation when asking questions, teachers should be aware of the difficulty level of the questions in terms of such matters as students’ language proficiency and background knowledge, waiting time and classroom atmosphere.
Can SLA research and ELT practice be of benefit to each other?
Authors: Watson Todd Richard
Published: October 2023

This paper examines implicit beliefs about language learning through a critical analysis of foundation English language course descriptions at Thai universities. Course descriptions provide an overview of the broad goals and methods for specific English language learning contexts. Critically analyzing such descriptions allows us to identify how course designers view the nature of language and language learning, and these views can be compared with the research literature on second language acquisition (SLA) and language learning. The data examined come from 22 foundation English language courses at nine of the largest public universities in Thailand. The data were analysed for word frequency, thematic categorization, and collocations. The findings show that language learning is viewed as the acquisition of skills rather than knowledge; a variety of approaches to language learning are used; skills learning involves building on existing abilities, knowledge learning involves giving, and understanding involves enabling; and little attention is paid to attitudes and non-language objectives. These findings were compared against the literature on SLA and language learning using six recently published texts. The methods used to teach English at Thai universities largely reflect the language learning research literature, but the objectives of teaching are rarely considered in the field of SLA. If SLA research is to have practical implications for language teaching, more attention needs to be paid to the learning of language skills.
Promoting Collaborative Writing in the FL Classroom
Authors: Yousif Amna Abdelgadir
Published: October 2023

Collaborative writing is implemented in the essay writing class to increase the amount of interaction among students in order to enhance and improve their writing skill. The interaction that takes place during peer feedback increases the quantity of comprehensible input they receive on fostering exchanging ideas, correcting errors and reflecting, which would develop their writing skill, help them learn, and help them become less dependent on teachers.

This paper explores some of the issues in using peer review to develop essay writing in our essay writing class. It focuses on fostering interaction and collaboration among EFL students in order to build knowledge that is essential for developing a well-constructed essay. It examines the effect of peer feedback on EFL students’ final version of their essay on the rhetorical mode of comparison/contrast. Analysis of data of first and final drafts indicated that the majority of peer input made in the peer sessions were incorporated in the revised versions suggesting the efficacy of peer revision in improving writing performance. Results also show the dominant role linguistic accuracy played in the revisions.

Overall, the findings of this study support the claim to include peer revisions in EFL writing instruction.
Narrative Structure and Distribution of Verbal Morphology in the Interlanguage of Thai Learners of English
Authors: Chiravate Boonjeera
Published: October 2023

Describing learners’ systematic variation in tense use, the Interlanguage Discourse Hypothesis predicts that language learners use emerging verbal morphology to distinguish foreground and background in narratives (Bardovi- Harlig, 1994, p.43). Testing this hypothesis, the present study investigates whether Thai EFL learners exhibit different rates of use of past tense in the foreground and background of their narratives. It was found that, in both oral and written narratives of the learners, rates of use of past tense are greater in foreground than background. Unlike native speakers who show a high use of past tense equally in foreground and background, the learners tend to employ past tense in the foreground while using non-past forms with essential competition between the present simple and base forms in the background. The study provides empirical support to the Interlanguage Discourse Hypothesis and sheds light on the difficulty experienced by L2 learners in acquiring the L2 tense system.
Initiating Talks Used by the Teacher to Stimulate Verbal Responses from Students
Authors: Rachomas Praewpilas , Trakulkasemsuk Wannapa
Published: October 2023

An important goal of language learning is to have students’ language production. In that case, teacher initiation can be significant in stimulating such interaction. The study explored types of initiating talk and how the teacher used each type to stimulate student talk. To do so, an English Communication class was observed and video recorded. The data were transcribed and analyzed to identify types and patterns of initiating talk using the framework of Mehan (1979), and Sinclair and Brazil (1982). The results revealed that the teacher normally used Questioning rather than Invitation and Direction and each led to different types of responses. In terms of patterns, they could be found when the teacher utilized more than one turn of initiating talk until responses from the students occurred. Utilizing one initiating talk to stimulate verbal responses was successful as responses from students were given. However, the proportion of brief responses was higher than informative ones. This led the study to further discuss factors affecting the ways students responded. Types of initiating talk used, amounts of teacher talk as well as students’ nature might be influential. Implications regarding when and how to use each initiating talk type were proposed with suggested interactive activities to encourage students’ communicative skills.
Politeness Strategies in Criticisms and Responses in TESOL Quarterly Forum
Authors: Kheovichai Baramee
Published: October 2023

Politeness is pervasive in human interaction and crucial for social cooperation so as to avoid offenses and communication breakdown. Indeed a number of studies have investigated politeness strategies in academic discourse, shedding light on how interaction in academic discourse involves extensive use of politeness strategies. This paper aims to extend this body of knowledge, looking into a genre that has rarely been studied. This paper investigates politeness strategies in “A Reader Responds” and “Authors Reply” in the Forum section of TESOL Quarterly journals which were published from 2005 to 2009, using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory and Hyland’s (2000) mitigation strategies as analytical frameworks. Moreover, this paper proposes two new strategies: backgrounding FTA and attributing faults to the speaker. Data analysis indicates that the politeness strategies employed by both “A Reader Responds” and “Authors Reply” that were identified included: hedges, praisecriticism pairs, impersonalization, tense shift, assert a common ground, nominalize, rhetorical question, and backgrounding FTA. The strategies only found in “A Reader Responds” are overgeneralizing hearers and attributing faults to the speaker. In conclusion, this study finds that these academic genres are highly interactive and thus require many politeness strategies to deal with the issues of face which is at stake due to the nature of these genres.
Novice Teacher’s Learning Through a Project-Based Learning Class
Authors: Jarusrose Chomphunuch , Singhasiri Wareesiri
Published: October 2023

This study aims to observe all circumstances in an actual Project-Based Learning (PBL) class, particularly to reflect on what the teacher learned through the PBL class. The subject, who is also the researcher, works as a teacher at Darunsikkhalai School for Innovative Learning (DSIL). The study was conducted when she was working as a teacher/facilitator at DSIL for 3 years. The instrument used in this study was a 12-week diary of the teacher. After finishing class, the teacher recorded her teaching performance, feelings, attitudes, challenges and successes in her diary to observe and reflect on her teaching. The findings show that the teacher faced some challenges and achieved some successes in the PBL class. The challenges that she had encountered could raise her awareness in teaching and running the project. This study may shed some light on and raise awareness of the researcher and other novice teachers in schools which adopt PBL as the learning and teaching approach.
Errors in Adjective-Noun Order by Thai and Chinese EFL Learners: Roles of L1 and Language Profciency
Authors: Chanakan Thidanan , Patanasorn Angkana Tongpoon
Published: October 2023

Roles of frst language transfer have been extensively researched during the past decades adopting Contrastive Analysis (CA). However, previous studies have shown that CA has failed to prove and fnd supports for language transfer. This present study examined language transfer from another perspective proposed by Jarvis and Odlin (2000) by examining adjective-noun order errors by Thai EFL learners. In previous studies, adjective-noun order errors by Thai EFL learners, which mainly used the CA, are often claimed to be caused by L1 interference. The presentstudy aimed to examine this claim by adopting the proposed framework by Jarvis and Odlin by Thai and Chinese EFL learners and to investigate the relationship between the adjective-noun order errors and learners’ profciency levels. Two groups of Chinese and Thai participants were purposively selected due to the special characteristics of their frst languages that met Jarvis and Odlin’s L1 transfer framework. The results revealed that both Thai and Chinese EFL learners made similar errors in the adjective noun order. The statistical test showed no signifcant differences between the number of adjective-noun order errors produced by Thai and Chinese learners (p > 0.05). Therefore, the transfer position seemed not to beplausible. A negative correlation was found between language profciency and the number of errors learners produced. This suggests that when learners’ profciency was higher, they tended to produce fewer errors in adjective-noun order errors.
The Relationship between Hotel Employees’ Backgrounds and Intercultural Communicative Competence Level: A Case Study of Hotel Front Office Personnel in Bangkok
Authors: Inkaew Manachai
Published: October 2023

This study examined the relationship between the educational and work experience backgrounds of frontline hotel workers in Bangkok and their level of intercultural communicative competence (ICC). The intercultural competence framework from Barrett et al. (2013), which included an exploration of the ICC domains — attitudes, knowledge and understanding, skills and actions — all essential areas for interculturally competent speakers, was adopted as a guideline in the study. Added to the ICC domains, Byram’s (1997) framework is an objective-based ICC approach to be operationalized as a guideline for the design of the ICC self-perception questionnaire. The participants for this study included 219 hotel front office employees randomly selected from three- and four-star hotels in Bangkok. The results of the study revealed that there was no relationship between participants’ backgrounds and their intercultural competency level. The outcomes may provide useful guidelines for hotel human resources management to inform the future content of intercultural communication training courses. Also, the findings can be valuable for educational institutions to help enhance the ICC development of their graduates. Finally, the outcomes are an informational base for future research.
Teaching L2 Speaking: Recommending a Holistic Approach
Authors: Thomas Nathan
Published: October 2023

Speaking is often considered one of the most difficult skills to develop in a second or foreign language. Many traditional approaches to language teaching focus on text-based skill development or emphasize aural receptive skills. However, as English continues to grow as a global language, learners want and need to be able to express their ideas through speech. It is no surprise then that most recent approaches to teaching stress the importance of developing communicative skills. Unfortunately, many lack systematic procedures, are atheoretical, and/or have not been supported by empirical research. Therefore, this article will provide an overview of teaching approaches and methods as they relate to speaking instruction. Such a review would be trivial without making recommendations for practice, so one particular approach will be highlighted and then justified based on its sound theoretical underpinnings and empirical support for several of its defining characteristics. Implications for teachers will be discussed throughout.
Integrating Seamless Learning within a Peer-Assisted Learning Center to Develop Student English Academic Writing Skills
Authors: Devere Bacon Edward , Satienchayakorn Natakorn , Prakaiborisuth Penpitcha
Published: October 2023

Although an emerging field, seamless learning (SL) can be a powerful tool, and in this study, it was integrated into a peer-assisted learning (PAL) center in such a way to concentrate on the development of undergraduate English writing skills in Thailand. This quasi-experimental quantitative and qualitative study was conducted at an international college, where the control and experimental groups consisted of 18 and 17 research participants, respectively. The objective of this study was to examine whether student involvement in a seamless learning-focused PAL center could help develop academic writing skills of undergraduate students in an international faculty at a private university in Thailand. In this study, the instrument utilized to elicit and collect information was in the form of a sample IELTS writing test, which mirrored Task 2 of the examination. Those providing peer feedback to the participants were their fellow classmates who had achieved a CEFR English level of B2 or higher. There was a total of 48 student peer-mentors (SPMs) in this study. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that by integrating SL into a PAL center, it could significantly develop undergraduate student writing skills. With more and more university faculty budgets becoming smaller, higher educational institutions are being influenced to become more creative in adopting more fiscally responsible academic projects, and seamless learning-focused PAL centers could be implemented in such a way to develop undergraduate student writing skills at little or no cost to universities. The research implications for this study offer a framework on how to better develop academic writing skills for undergraduate students.
A Corpus-based Study of Thai and English Quantity Word Equivalents: 'Lǎay', 'Several' and 'Many'
Authors: Wijitsopon Raksangob
Published: October 2023

The present study investigates the Thai quantifier ‘lǎay’ (หลาย) and its two major English lexical equivalents: ‘several’ and ‘many’, using data from an English-Thai parallel corpus, the Thai and British National Corpora. An examination of the parallel corpus reveals that the quantifier ‘lǎay’ has a broad semantic property as it can express meanings related to small, medium and large quantities or just the plurality of entities. This provides support to an observation that the word can pose problems for Thai EFL learners, translators and interpreters when expressing the concept of ‘lǎay’ in English. Based on the parallel corpus, two English quantity words that denote different scales of quantity, ‘many’ and ‘several’, were found to be among the most common lexical equivalents of ‘lǎay’. Further comparative investigation was conducted on the Thai and British National Corpora. It is found that ‘lǎay’ and its two common equivalents have overlapping and different co-occurrence patterns, illustrating their lexical equivalent status and distinct usage profiles at the same time. Differences between the two English equivalents were then focused on so that empirical evidence of usage patterns of the two most common English lexical equivalents of ‘lǎay’ can be obtained. Findings from the study provide an insight into phraseological patterns and pragmatic-discourse functions associated with the English equivalents, which Thai speakers of English can make use of as a possible framework for their decision making when translating ‘lǎay’ into English.
Types of Context Clues and Vocabulary Meaning Inference: Abilities and Perceptions of English Major Undergraduate Students
Authors: Wongwiwattana Suchaniya , Watanapokakul Sasa
Published: October 2023

The context clue strategy to derive the meaning of unfamiliar words and its effectiveness have been generally accepted, and the strategy is widely taught to ESL/EFL students. This study aimed to (1) compare the abilities in making use of context clues to derive the meaning of vocabulary among four groups of English major undergraduate students (Years 1-4); (2) compare the abilities to identify the context clues used to derive the meaning of unfamiliar words among the four student groups; (3) investigate the correlation between ability and context clues used to derive the meaning of unfamiliar words; and (4) investigate students’ opinions towards using the context clue strategy to derive the meaning of unfamiliar words. A 40-item vocabulary test and a set of questionnaires were administered to English major undergraduate students in the Faculty of Liberal Arts at a university in Thailand in the second semester of the academic year 2020. Then, 39 responses were randomly selected from each student batch to be the study sample. Three students from each student group were randomly selected to be interviewed to gather more in-depth information. The findings revealed that the ability to use context clues to derive the meaning of unfamiliar words among the four groups of English major undergraduate students was significantly different. Conversely, there was no significant difference in their ability to correctly identify the context clue types they used to infer word definitions. Also, there was a significant correlation between both abilities. Moreover, the students showed positive opinions towards the use of context clues to infer the meaning of vocabulary and provided some interesting ideas regarding the teaching of context clues for ESL/EFL teachers and English major program committees.
Students and Teachers as Changemakers
Authors: M. Jacobs George , Huat Chau Meng , Huda Hamzah Nurul
Published: October 2023

This article argues that language students and teachers are changemakers and that, in keeping with progressivist philosophy and the bottom-up social paradigm, they can play a powerful role in creating a better world. As our understanding of the world continues to increase, both students and teachers can use this increased understanding to initiate changes, so that we can transition to better times. These changes include transformations of all sizes. Small transformations take place within and among individuals, while big transformations involve systems and institutions and thousands or even billions of people, as well as companies, other organizations, and countries. Many in education concentrate on small transformations, and those, no doubt, carry weight. This article encourages us in language education to include contributing to or even attempting to initiate big transformations in a number of areas. In fact, working on all sizes of transformations simultaneously may be the most effective path. Examples are given and suggestions of such varied-sized transformations by language learners and teachers are made in three areas based on a review of research on student-centered learning, collaborative learning, and diet change. This article also suggests that students and teachers as changemakers could start with taking small steps, which then provide them with both the confidence and credibility necessary to advocate for big steps and create impactful changes.
Leveraging Untapped Potential: Continuing Professional Development as a Tool for Creating Positive Culture at Schools of Foreign Languages in Turkey
Authors: Ozer Omer , Popp Cecile
Published: October 2023

This article reports on a series of carefully curated professional development (PD) activities with the secondary purpose of building and maintaining a positive school culture. The study took place in a school of foreign languages (SFL) at a state university in Turkey. Twenty-five Turkish and international teachers participated. The researchers collected data over a period of six months using a mixed-methods approach: a two-stage survey and semi-structured interviews. Three main themes emerged from the analysis; (1) the basic tenets of Continuing Professional Development (CPD), (2) factors that foster positive school culture, and (3) factors that undermine positive school culture. The results suggest that carefully curated PD has a positive impact on school culture; a combination of formal and informal PD offerings formed desired habits of mind among instructors. Moreover, instructors indicated a preference for peer-led PD. Thus, we suggest that other SFLs in Turkey likewise harness the untapped potential of the CPD Unit.
Prewriting in Voice Chat: Exploring the Effects of Collaborative Prewriting on EFL Learners’ Performance
Authors: Charoenchaikorn Vararin
Published: October 2023

Addressing the lack of studies on L2 online and collaborative prewriting, this study examines L2 collaborative prewriting through voice chat. It explores the effects of an online prewriting condition (individual vs collaborative) on performance in subsequent individual writing as assessed by text length, accuracy, complexity, and analytical rating scales of content, organization, and language. One hundred and twenty-six Thai university students were divided into a control (individual prewriting) group and an experimental (collaborative prewriting) group. The utilized prewriting task was structured, focusing on ideas generation, selection, and organization, and the main task was problem-solution paragraph writing. Independent-sample t-tests revealed that accuracy was comparable across groups; however, the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group on text length, some lexical and syntactic complexity measures, and all rating scores, and the effect size concerning text length was large. Overall, these findings suggest potential benefits of collaboration in voice-chat prewriting.
‘It Looks Weird to Me.’: Attitudes Towards Standard Usage and Variant Use in Present-Day English
Authors: Thienthong Atikhom
Published: October 2023

A growing body of research examines attitudes towards English varieties from an impressionistic perspective, but relatively few studies investigate attitudes towards specific standard and variant grammatical features. This study explores the language attitudes of Thai university students and teachers towards standard grammar and its variation in present-day English. The study adopted an online questionnaire which consisted of 15 pairs of sentences, with each pair containing two corresponding grammatical forms: standard and variant. Respondents chose standard and/or variant forms and provided reasons for their grammar choices. The responses and reasons were analysed using statistical and content analysis methods respectively. The analyses of acceptability responses by 182 students and 182 teachers revealed that the students were inclined to choose variant forms while the teachers were favourably disposed to both standard and variant forms. With respect to reasoning, both groups of the respondents overwhelmingly cited standard grammar rules to justify their preferences. However, they were significantly different in that while the teachers described the variations in grammatical forms, the students employed analogies with similar grammatical patterns. The overall results indicate that the respondents remain influenced by the standard language ideology. The results also suggest that the teachers tend to use their norm-providing roles to regulate standard forms while the students generalise rules of thumb to simplify and regularise prescriptive irregular usages. This article argues that grammar learning and teaching should address language variation and variant linguistic forms from a descriptive perspective.
Building an Initial Validity Argument for Binary and Analytic Rating Scales for an EFL Classroom Writing Assessment: Evidence from Many-Facets Rasch Measurement
Authors: Khamboonruang Apichat
Published: October 2023

Although much research has compared the functioning between analytic and holistic rating scales, little research has compared the functioning of binary rating scales with other types of rating scales. This quantitative study set out to preliminarily and comparatively validate binary and analytic rating scales intended for use in formative assessment and for paragraph writing assessment in a Thai EFL university classroom context. Specifically, this study applied an argument-based validation approach to build an initial validity argument for the rating scales with emphasis on the evaluation, generalization, and explanation inferences, and employed a many-facets Rasch measurement (MFRM) approach to investigate the psychometric functionalities of the rating scales which served as the initial validity evidence for the rating scales. Three trained teacher raters applied the rating scales to rate the same set of 51 opinion paragraphs written by English-major students. The rating scores were analysed following the MFRM psychometrics. Overall, the MFRM results revealed that (1) the rating scales largely generated accurate writing scores, supporting the valuation inference, (2) the raters were self-consistent in applying the rating scales, contributing to the generalization inference, (3) the rating scales sufficiently captured the defined writing construct, substantiating the explanation inference, and (4) the binary rating scale showed more desirable psychometric properties than the analytic rating scale. The present findings confirm the appropriate functioning and reasonable validity argument of the rating scales and highlight the greater potential of the binary rating scale to mitigate rater inconsistency and cognitive load in a formative classroom assessment.