bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information interaction and social support: exploring help-seeking in online communities during public health emergencies
Authors: Yang Yanni , Zhang Yue , Xiang Anling
Published: June 2023

Background

During public health emergencies, online community users can obtain social support and assistance through information interaction in the online community. This study takes the COVID-19 pandemic as the context and aims to analyze the influence of user information interaction in online communities on the acquisition of social support during this public health emergency.

Methods

Data collected from help-seeking posts in the “COVID-19 Patients Help-Seeking Dialog” subforum on China’s Sina Weibo were used as the research sample. The influence of the frequency of interaction and responsiveness on help seekers’ receipt of online social support was analyzed, and the moderating effect of help seekers’ identity type and intensity of online community use was explored.

Results

The results reveal that the frequency of interaction positively impacts informational support (β = 0.367, p < 0.001) and negatively impacts emotional support (β=-0.240, p < 0.001), and the responsiveness of other users toward help-seeking posts positively impacts emotional support (β = 0.145, p < 0.01). Moreover, help seeker’s identity type and intensity of online community use significantly moderate the relationship between the frequency of interaction and the emotional support obtained by the help seeker.

Conclusions

The study highlights the impact of user information interaction on obtaining help-seeking information from online communities for social support. The initiative would facilitate the resolution of issues related to users’ information help-seeking during public health emergencies.
Effectiveness of rehabilitation for working-age patients after a total hip arthroplasty: a comparison of usual care between the Netherlands and Germany
Authors: Wijnen Annet , Seeber Gesine H. , Dietz Günter , Dijkstra Baukje , Dekker Johan S. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Slager Geranda E. C. , Hessel Aike , Lazovic Djordje , Bulstra Sjoerd K. , Stevens Martin
Published: June 2023

Background

Postoperative rehabilitation after primary total hip arthroplasty (p-THA) differs between the Netherlands and Germany. Aim is to compare clinical effectiveness and to get a first impression of cost effectiveness of Dutch versus German usual care after p-THA.

Methods

A transnational prospective controlled observational trial. Clinical effectiveness was assessed with self-reported questionnaires and functional tests. Measurements were taken preoperatively and 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively. For cost effectiveness, long-term economic aspects were assessed from a societal perspective.

Results

124 working-age patients finished the measurements. German usual care leads to a significantly larger proportion (65.6% versus 47.5%) of satisfied patients 12 weeks postoperatively and significantly better self-reported function and Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST) results. German usual care is generally 45% more expensive than Dutch usual care, and 20% more expensive for working-age patients. A scenario analysis assumed that German patients work the same number of hours as the Dutch, and that productivity costs are the same. This analysis revealed German care is still more expensive but the difference decreased to 8%.

Conclusions

German rehabilitation is clinically advantageous yet more expensive, although comparisons are less straightforward as the socioeconomic context differs between the two countries.

Trial registration

The study is registered in the German Registry of Clinical Trials (DRKS00011345, 18/11/2016).
Reconstruction using the colon or jejunum in patients with synchronous advanced esophageal and gastric cancers: a retrospective study from a single institutional database
Authors: Jiang Rongrong , Wang Youbo , Xu Juefeng , Chen Zhiming , Pang Liewen
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of simultaneous resection of synchronous advanced esophageal and gastric cancers.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 16 patients who underwent resection of synchronous advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric adenocarcinoma from January 2009 to Dec 2021. Subtotal esophagectomy and total gastrectomy were performed using the Ivor-Lewis or McKeown approach. Reconstruction was performed using a pedicled jejunal graft or colon interposition. Perioperative and postoperative data of all patients were analyzed.

Results

There were no in-hospital mortalities following surgery, but 9 patients (56.3%) suffered major perioperative complications. Comparison of the groups that received reconstruction using the jejunum and the colon indicated similar incidences of perioperative complications, overall survival, and disease-free survival. Cox regression analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis of both cancers was independent risk factor for overall survival.

Conclusion

The existence of synchronous tumors of the esophagus and stomach is not unusual, the radical surgical treatment could be carried out whenever possible.
Investigating the factors influencing students’ academic enthusiasm for a shift of paradigm among education managers shaping academic pedagogy
Authors: Moghadasi Javad , Keikavoosi-Arani Leila
Published: June 2023

Background

Education managers are among the most important determinants of a university’s academic pedagogy and plans to improve the quality of education. To improve the quality of education and academic enthusiasm of students in a medical university, it might be necessary to improve the university’s pedagogy paradigm through people who shape this pedagogy. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the academic enthusiasm of students in a medical university with the purpose of improving the university’s pedagogy paradigm.

Methods

This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted on the students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2021–2022 (3180 students). The sample size was calculated to be 343 using Cochran’s formula. The participants were recruited by stratified random sampling with respect to the proportion of students in different faculties, disciplines, and education levels. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and confirmatory factor analysis using SMART-PLS and SPSS26.

Results

The developed model consisted of 3 dimensions (academic, individual and social), 10 components (teaching-learning environment, culture, extracurricular activities, facilities and equipment, attitude, knowledge, skill, classmate, family, relatives and friends) and 64 indicators.

Conclusion

The developed model can help medical universities take a step towards improving the academic productivity and performance of their students and gain a competitive advantage in this respect.
Factors associated with caretakers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices in the management of pneumonia for children aged five years and below in rural Uganda
Authors: Kajungu Dan , Nabukeera Betty , Muhoozi Michael , Ndyomugyenyi Donald Bruce , Akello Mercy Consolate , Gyezaho Collins , Waako James , Kasirye Ronnie
Published: June 2023

Background

Efforts aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with pneumonia in children aged five years and below largely depend on caretakers. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caretakers regarding pneumonia.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study carried out within Iganga and Mayuge health and demographic surveillance site (IMHDSS) cohort in Eastern Uganda. Caretakers of children under the age of five years were assessed for knowledge, attitudes, and practices using a set of indicators. The caretaker characteristics as determinants for knowledge, attitude, and practices in relation to pneumonia management were assessed for association. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with caretaker knowledge, attitudes and practices.

Results

A total of 649 caretakers of children five years and below of age were interviewed. Caretakers knew pneumonia as one of the childhood diseases, but were less knowledgeable about its transmission, signs and symptoms, risk factors and treatment. Overall, 28% had good knowledge, 36% had moderate knowledge and 35% had poor knowledge. The caretaker attitude was good for more than a half of the respondents (57%), while majority reported good practices (74.1%). Older age (OR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.05–2.51)), Tertiary education (OR = 4.92, 95% CI (2.5–9.65)), being married (OR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.05–3.15)) were associated with having good knowledge. Age above 35 years (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.03–2.11)), and main source of livelihood were associated with good attitude and lastly being female (OR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.23–4.37)), being a Muslim (aOR = 0.5, 95% CI (0.35–0.75)), and being a farmer (OR = 0.5, 95% CI (0.33–0.85)) were associated with being a good caretaker practice.

Conclusions

The caretakers of children five years and below, have relatively adequate knowledge about the signs and symptoms of pneumonia, risk factors and treatment measures. Higher education, being married, and being a salary earner were associated with better knowledge about pneumonia, while being female, being a Muslim, and being a peasant farmer were associated with good practice. Targeted interventions to equip caretakers with relevant and adequate skills and knowledge for lower-income and less educated caretakers, considering cultural and religious beliefs about childhood pneumonia identification and management are required.
Cost-effectiveness of the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Yilin , Zheng Xiaoqiang
Published: June 2023

Background

The combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) was primarily carried out with a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and platinum-etoposide (EP). It is likely to be more effective in treating ES-SCLC than EP alone, but could result in high healthcare costs. The study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of this combination therapy for ES-SCLC.

Methods

We searched literature from the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies on cost-effectiveness of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for ES-SCLC. The literature search period was up to April 20, 2023. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist.

Results

A total of 16 eligible studies were included in the review. All studies met CHEERS recommendations, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in these studies were rated as having low risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The treatment regimens compared were ICIs plus EP or EP alone. All studies mainly used incremental quality-adjusted life year and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio as outcomes. Most ICIs plus EP treatment regimens were not cost-effective based on corresponding willingness-to-pay thresholds.

Conclusions

Adebrelimab plus EP and serplulimab plus EP were probably cost-effective for ES-SCLC in China, and serplulimab plus EP was probably cost-effective for ES-SCLC in the U.S. Lowering the price of ICIs and selecting ES-SCLC patients who were sensitive to ICIs could improve the cost-effectiveness of the ICIs-combined treatment.
Characterization of 17β-estradiol-degrading enzyme from Microbacterium sp. MZT7 and its function on E2 biodegradation in wastewater
Authors: Hao Peng , Pan Hanyu , Lv Zongshuo , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Lixia , Zhu Yanbin , Basang Wangdui , Gao Yunhang
Published: June 2023

Background

17β-estradiol (E2) residues exhibit harmful effects both for human and animals and have got global attention of the scientific community. Microbial enzymes are considered as one of the effective strategies having great potential for removal E2 residues from the environment. However, limited literature is available on the removal of E2 from wastewater using short-chain dehydrogenase.

Results

In this study, 17β-estradiol degrading enzyme (17β-HSD-0095) was expressed and purified from Microbacterium sp. MZT7. The optimal pH and temperature for reaction was 7 and 40 °C, respectively. Molecular docking studies have shown that the ARG215 residue form a hydrogen bond with oxygen atom of the substrate E2. Likewise, the point mutation results have revealed that the ARG215 residue play an important role in the E2 degradation by 17β-HSD-0095. In addition, 17β-HSD-0095 could remediate E2 contamination in synthetic livestock wastewater.

Conclusions

These findings offer some fresh perspectives on the molecular process of E2 degradation and the creation of enzyme preparations that can degrade E2.

Graphical Abstract
Nano hydrogel-based oxygen-releasing stem cell transplantation system for treating diabetic foot
Authors: Chen Liangmiao , Zheng Bingru , Xu Yizhou , Sun Changzheng , Wu Wanrui , Xie Xiangpang , Zhu Yu , Cai Wei , Lin Suifang , Luo Ya , Shi Changsheng
Published: June 2023

The employment of stem cells and hydrogel is widespread in contemporary clinical approaches to treating diabetic foot ulcers. However, the hypoxic conditions in the surrounding lesion tissue lead to a low stem cell survival rate following transplantation. This research introduces a novel hydrogel with superior oxygen permeability and biocompatibility, serving as a vehicle for developing a stem cell transplantation system incorporating oxygen-releasing microspheres and cardiosphere-derived stem cells (CDCs). By optimizing the peroxidase fixation quantity on the microsphere surface and the oxygen-releasing microsphere content within the transplantation system, intracellular oxygen levels were assessed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) under simulated low-oxygen conditions in vitro. The expression of vascularization and repair-related indexes were evaluated via RT-PCR and ELISA. The microspheres were found to continuously release oxygen for three weeks within the transplantation system, promoting growth factor expression to maintain intracellular oxygen levels and support the survival and proliferation of CDCs. Moreover, the effect of this stem cell transplantation system on wound healing in a diabetic foot mice model was examined through an in vivo animal experiment. The oxygen-releasing microspheres within the transplantation system preserved the intracellular oxygen levels of CDCs in the hypoxic environment of injured tissues. By inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and stimulating the upregulation of pertinent growth factors, it improved the vascularization of ulcer tissue on the mice’s back and expedited the healing of the wound site. Overall, the stem cell transplantation system in this study, based on hydrogels containing CDCs and oxygen-releasing microspheres, offers a promising strategy for the clinical implementation of localized stem cell delivery to improve diabetic foot wound healing.
Age- and sex-related differences of periodontal bone resorption, cognitive function, and immune state in APP/PS1 murine model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Huiwen , Liao Yue , Zhang Xu , Shen Hui , Shang Dihua , He Zhiyan , Zhou Wei , Song Zhongchen
Published: June 2023

Background

The existence of an interconnected mechanism between cognitive disorders and periodontitis has been confirmed by mounting evidence. However, the role of age or sex differences in this mechanism has been less studied. This study aims to investigate sex and age differences in the characterization of periodontal bone tissue, immune state and cognitive function in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1(APP/PS1) murine model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods

Three- and twelve-month-old male and female APP/PS1 transgenic mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were used in this study. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess cognitive function. The bone microarchitecture of the posterior maxillary alveolar bone was evaluated by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Pathological changes in periodontal bone tissue were observed by histological chemistry. The proportions of helper T cells1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and brain samples were assessed by flow cytometry.

Results

The learning ability and spatial memory of 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice was severely damaged. The changes in cognitive function were only correlated with age and genotype, regardless of sex. The 12-month-old APP/PS1 female mice exhibited markedly periodontal bone degeneration, evidenced by the decreased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and bone mineral density (BMD), and the increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). The altered periodontal bone microarchitecture was associated with genotype, age and females. The flow cytometry data showed the increased Th1 and Th17 cells and the decreased Th2 cells in the brain and PBMC samples of 12-month-old APP/PS1 mice, compared to age- and sex-matched WT mice. However, there was no statistical correlation between age or sex and this immune state.

Conclusions

Our data emphasize that age and sex are important variables to consider in evaluating periodontal bone tissue of APP/PS1 mice, and the cognitive impairment is more related to age. In addition, immune dysregulation (Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells) was found in the brain tissue and PBMCs of APP/PS1 mice, but this alteration of immune state was not statistically correlated with sex or age.
Associations between vertebral bone marrow fat and sagittal spine alignment as assessed by chemical shift-encoding-based water–fat MRI
Authors: Chen Fangsi , Huang Yingying , Guo Anna , Ye Peipei , He Jiawei , Chen Shaoqing
Published: June 2023

Background

The relationship between sagittal spine alignment and vertebral bone marrow fat is unknown. We aimed to assess the relationship between vertebral bone marrow fat and sagittal spine alignment using chemical shift-encoding-based water–fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

A total of 181 asymptomatic volunteers were recruited for whole spine X-ray and lumbar MRI. Spine typing was performed according to the Roussouly classification and measurement of vertebral fat fraction based on the chemical shift-encoding-based water–fat MRI. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences in vertebral fat fraction between spine types. The post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was utilized for subgroup comparison after ANOVA.

Results

Overall, the vertebral fat fraction increased from L1 to L5 and was the same for each spine type. The vertebral fat fraction was the highest in type 1 and lowest in type 4 at all levels. ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in fat fraction among different spine types at L4 and L5 (P < .05). The post hoc LSD test showed that the fat fraction of L4 was significantly different (P < .05) between type 1 and type 4 as well as between type 2 and type 4. The fat fraction of L5 was significantly different between type 1 and type 3, between type 1 and type 4, and between type 2 and type 4 (P < .05).

Conclusion

Our study found that vertebral bone marrow fat is associated with sagittal spine alignment, which may serve as a new additional explanation for the association of sagittal alignment with spinal degeneration.
The interactions of Candida albicans with gut bacteria: a new strategy to prevent and treat invasive intestinal candidiasis
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Zetian , Tang Jianguo
Published: June 2023

Background

The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health, as it can affect host immunity and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Invasive intestinal candidiasis is strongly associated with gut microbiota homeostasis. However, the nature of the interaction between Candida albicans and gut bacteria remains unclear.

Objective

This review aimed to determine the nature of interaction and the effects of gut bacteria on C. albicans so as to comprehend an approach to reducing intestinal invasive infection by C. albicans.

Methods

This review examined 11 common gut bacteria’s interactions with C. albicans, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Helicobacter pylori, Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium difficile, and Streptococcus spp.

Results

Most of the studied bacteria demonstrated both synergistic and antagonistic effects with C. albicans, and just a few bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., and Lactobacillus spp. demonstrated only antagonism against C. albicans.

Conclusions

Based on the nature of interactions reported so far by the literature between gut bacteria and C. albicans, it is expected to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of invasive intestinal candidiasis.
Epigenome-wide association study identifies novel genes associated with ischemic stroke
Authors: Peng Hao , Palma-Gudiel Helena , Soriano-Tarraga Carolina , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Zhang Mingzhi , Zhang Yonghong , Zhao Jinying
Published: June 2023

Background

DNA methylation has previously been associated with ischemic stroke, but the specific genes and their functional roles in ischemic stroke remain to be determined. Here we aimed to identify differentially methylated genes that play a functional role in ischemic stroke in a Chinese population.

Results

Genome-wide DNA methylation assessed with the Illumina Methylation EPIC Array in a discovery sample including 80 Chinese adults (40 cases vs. 40 controls) found that patients with ischemic stroke were characterized by increased DNA methylation at six CpG loci (individually located at TRIM6, FLRT2, SOX1, SOX17, AGBL4, and FAM84A, respectively) and decreased DNA methylation at one additional locus (located at TLN2). Targeted bisulfite sequencing confirmed six of these differentially methylated probes in an independent Chinese population (853 cases vs. 918 controls), and one probe (located at TRIM6) was further verified in an external European cohort (207 cases vs. 83 controls). Experimental manipulation of DNA methylation in engineered human umbilical vein endothelial cells indicated that the identified differentially methylated probes located at TRIM6, TLN2, and FLRT2 genes may play a role in endothelial cell adhesion and atherosclerosis.

Conclusions

Altered DNA methylation of the TRIM6, TLN2, and FLRT2 genes may play a functional role in ischemic stroke in Chinese populations.
Working Paper 42: From sanctions to confiscation while upholding the rule of law
Authors: Dornbierer Andrew
Published: June 2023

Written in the light of Russia's war of aggression in Ukraine, the Working Paper explores whether it is justifiable to confiscate assets frozen under financial sanctions in order to redirect them to the victims of state aggression. 

The paper first explores the concept of sanctions and financial sanctions (asset freezes) and what they mean in practice.

Using the example of Canada, which has introduced a legislative mechanism for this purpose, the paper analyses whether states should be able to confiscate sanctioned assets purely on the basis that they have been sanctioned.

It then looks at more established measures that states could adopt and apply to target sanctioned assets, including:

Traditional conviction based confiscation measures, including 'extended confiscation' mechanisms

Non-conviction based confiscation (forfeiture) measures

Unexplained wealth laws

The paper recommends ways to maximise the effectiveness of these alternative avenues for recovering assets, which are much less controversial and can arguably be applied without infringing on legal rights. 

Opting for mechanisms that abide by established legal rights will not only significantly increase the chance of recovering assets without subsequent legal challenges. It will also ensure that the very reason for targeting the assets in the first place – namely to seek justice and compensation for acts of aggression – is not undermined through the erosion of the rule of law.
Working Paper 45: Strategic anti-corruption communications
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia , Schönberg Johanna
Published: June 2023

This Working Paper is intended to guide practitioners who are seeking to complement conventional anti-corruption measures by adopting a behavioural communications approach.

It aims to connect a typology of anti-corruption messages with behavioural change theories, and discuss their impact.

Subsequently, it suggests practical implications for designing anti-corruption communication as part of behaviour change interventions. This includes outlining how to develop a robust Theory of Change as a means to enhance the success of such efforts.  

The guidance is based on a review of seven key topically pertinent studies that have been recently published. 

This publication is prepared as guidance for the USAID Indonesia Integrity Initiative (USAID INTEGRITAS).
Working Paper 47: Conflict of interest legislation in Brazil, South Korea and the European Union
Authors: Costa Jacopo
Published: June 2023

This Working Paper presents international case studies of legal frameworks addressing conflicts of interest and highlights common challenges, opportunities and lessons for practitioners and other interested stakeholders. The report covers three contexts: two national (South Korea, Brazil) and one supranational (the European Union). 

The analysis is based on the international standards in the 2020 guide Preventing and Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Public Sector, produced by the World Bank Group, OECD and UNODC at the request of the G20 Anticorruption Working Group. 

The Working Paper is published in the context of the USAID Indonesia Integrity Initiative (INTEGRITAS) project, which supports the Government of Indonesia in preventing corruption via enhancing civic engagement and strengthening integrity in the public and private sectors. The case studies and analysis will be of value to anyone interested in drafting, revising or monitoring conflict of interest legislation in any context.
50 años de los estudios universitarios de comunicación en Honduras. Una aproximación inédita a sus orígenes y al contexto actual.
Authors: López Flores Ana Lucía
Published: June 2023

La investigación reconstruye la historia de los estudios de Comunicación en Honduras: muestra sus orígenes, evolución y estado actual y aporta una visión inédita para este país. El trabajo muestra una incorporación de la formación de comunicadores en Honduras relativamente tardía respecto a otros países del entorno y, como consecuencia, un alejamiento de las directrices de UNESCO-CIESPAL. La universidad pública servirá de impulso a los estudios en comunicación, al que le seguirá el sector privado-empresarial (universidades privadas) y muy tardíamente la Iglesia. No se observa un comportamiento común entre las diferentes universidades, que irán incorporando carreras o modificando planes de estudio en fechas muy diferentes y con perfiles de estudios no homogéneos. Se aprecia un vigente interés por crear grupos (Colegios profesionales) que dignifiquen los estudios y las profesiones del ámbito de la comunicación, más allá del existente Colegio profesional de periodistas.
Hubungan pengetahuan, fasilitas sarana, dan dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku keselamatan mengemudi (safety driving) pada driver pandawa taksi
Authors: Mahardika Esa Ariyandi , Arianto Machfudz Eko
Published: June 2023

Safety driving suatu perilaku yang memiliki keterampilan dalam mengemudi aman dengan tujuan untuk meminimalisir serta menghindari adanya insiden lalu lintas. Masalah yang ditemukan pengetahuan driver taksi pandawa terhadap perilaku safety driving tergolong kurang baik. Hal ini terlihat dari perilaku driver yang masih melanggar aturan lalu lintas seperti melaju kecang dengan kecepatan 80km/jam, menerima panggilan telepon kerika sedang mengemudi, tidak menggunakan safety belt dan juga mengalami kecelakaan ringan hingga berat seperti enabrak trotoar, menabrak pohon, bahkan menabrak pengguna jalan lainnya. Mengetahui hubungan perilaku keselamatan mengemudi (safety driving) pada driver Pandawa Taksi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah driver taksi Pandawa berjumlah 60 orang dan menggunakan data primer. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan chi square test. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan driver taksi pandawa dengan perilaku safety driving (P-Value 0.000). Fasilitas sarana driver terhadap perilaku mengemudi aman sebanyak 31 driver (51.7%) yang sesuai. Sehingga ada hubungan antara fasilitas dan sarana terhdapa perilaku safety driving pada driver taksi Pandawa. Hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku safety driving (P-Value 0.016) dinyatakan ada hubungan bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan perilaku safety driving pada driver taksi Pandawa.
Intertextual questions analysis in composer’s creative activity, sound symbols in contemporary musical thinking
Authors: Aleskerli Kemale
Published: June 2023

The represented research - “İntertextual questions analysis in composer’s creative activity, sound symbols in contemporary musical thinking” - is devoted one of the leading and original peculiarities contemporary music first summarized research. The research gives author’s style systematic observing offering, its universal phenomenas, language conformities and composer’s technique principals. Composers musical creations represented in contemporary music culture wide context for the first time are examined in composer’s thinking leading categories aspect in the article. On represented theme study, big attention is allocated to musical analysis new methods and also new theory study, directed towards composer’s creations artistic content and mode contemporary comprehension, intertextual questions analysis in composer’s creative activity, sound symbols in contemporary musical thinking. Examples of multi-layered “open texts” in the Azerbaijani musical experience have been in focus in the works of Azerbaijani composers Uzeyir Hajibeyli and Khayyam Mirzazadeh. These examples are interesting in terms of intertextual principles and various experiments that lead to different compositional structures. In the article, cryptogram problems created on behalf of composers such as J. S Bach, Robert Schumann, Dmitriy Shostakovich, Alban Berg, Edison Denisov, Khayyam Mirzazadeh were examined. Quotations, anagrams, paraphrases used in composers’ music has been investigated. This article was devoted to the sound (audio) symbol in modern musical thinking. Conception of code, widely used in semiotics, in linguistics, culturology, genetics, mathematics haven’t found yet its place in terminological system of science of music. The author of the article reveals individual musical conceptions on the base of interesting samples, directing attention to different experiments, which opens way to the intertext concepts.
Music education in first half of 20th century in Albania: Its institution and contribution to urban music life
Authors: Lici Eliona
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research paper is to build the historical journey of the development of music education since its origins until the middle of the 20th century. Based on archival documents and facts, historical and journalistic publications, texts and didactic musical pedagogical methods, as well as in other supplementary materials I present with facts, analysis and generalizing treatments in the historical plane, the path of the formation and development of the music education tradition as part of general education system and also outside it. The research model was historical research which underpins all other research into music education as even the most contemporary facts have already occurred. The technique for analysing archival documents in the context of music education were document identification, document evaluation, content analysis, interpretation of the findings from the archival documents and synthesize the information to form a coherent narrative or analysis of music education practices descriptive analysis of the technical character of music methods that is made to each document stored in the Central State Archive (CSA), the comparative method for the recognition and contributions given by every religious educational institution in Scutari or secular in the four cities. To accomplish this objective, the study is focused on the documents researched mainly in Central State Archive as well as other sources publication interviews). On this basis and according to the historic importance, the study is shed light on the path of development of Albanian music pedagogy and the stages which defined this development, both in the drawing up of programs as well as through the publication of musical books by Albanian or foreign authors. The article gives a unique contribution of the first phase of the establishment of the music education tradition in Albania, as an outcome of which there were some achievements of the artistic activities, which linked the general music education of the first half of 20th century. This study may be the beginning of a wider research for professional music pedagogy in Albania, may serve for the international researchers to know the development of music pedagogy in the early years of education in Albania and to compare it with the developments in the Balkans.
WITTGENSTEIN E OS LIMITES DO SENTIDO
Authors: Gottschalk Cristiane
Published: June 2023

Resumo: Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre a importância da normatividade da linguagem na constituição dos sentidos que atribuímos ao que fazemos, pensamos e agimos, tendo em vista compreender a proliferação acelerada de fake news e identificar modos de preveni-las, em particular, no contexto escolar. Parte-se da hipótese de que algumas práticas pedagógicas, inspiradas em princípios da escola nova, estão fundamentadas em teorias educacionais atreladas a duas imagens que se tornaram alvo de terapia nas Investigações Filosóficas, a saber, a concepção referencial da linguagem e a exatidão conceitual. Argumento que estas imagens, por sua vez, quando aplicadas dogmaticamente nas práticas pedagógicas propiciam a formação de uma intersubjetividade no contexto escolar que torna os indivíduos mais suscetíveis  a fake news.  

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Terapia filosófica, Normatividade, Limites do sentido, Wittgenstein.  

ABSTRACT: It is a reflection on the importance of the normativity of language in the constitution of the meanings that we attribute to what we do, think and act, with a view to understanding the accelerated proliferation of fake news and identifying ways to prevent them, in particular, in the context of school. It starts with the hypothesis that some pedagogical practices, inspired by principles of the new school, are based on educational theories linked to two images that became the target of therapy in Philosophical Investigations, namely, the referential conception of language and conceptual exactness. I argue that these images, in turn, when applied dogmatically in pedagogical practices, favor the formation of an intersubjectivity in the school context that makes individuals more susceptible to fake news.

KEYWORDS: Philosophical therapy, Normativity, Limits of meaning, Wittgenstein.
CONTRA A INEFABILIDADE DAS HINGE PROPOSITIONS
Authors: De Souza Xavier Paloma , Da Silva Junior Marcos Antonio
Published: June 2023

Resumo: O conceito de “proposições-dobradiça” (hinge propositions) possui diversas interpretações que se remetem também ao Tractatus e às Investigações. Moyal-Sharrock (2004), por exemplo, defende que as hinge propositions são inefáveis. Para a intérprete, as hinge certainties não podem ser ditas, pois caso isso ocorresse, o jogo de linguagem se solidificaria. Mas se, de fato, as hinge certainties fossem indizíveis, como poderíamos proceder com casos de desacordo entre certezas fulcrais distintas e rivais? A tese da inefabilidade das hinges parece ser inadequada, visto que inviabiliza o diálogo significativo e possíveis correções em ambientes de conflito entre diferentes hinge. Para tratar dessas questões, a partir de uma leitura neopragmatista, utilizamos o método socrático interpretado a partir da filosofia da linguagem de Robert Brandom (1994, 2013). Desenvolvemos, portanto, este trabalho em duas etapas: i) a etapa negativa, em que mostramos as insuficiências da tese de inefabilidadede Moyal-Sharrock sobre as hinges; ii) a etapa positiva, na qual argumentamos que o método socrático, tal como proposto por Brandom, apresenta um mecanismo possível de resolução do impasse nesses tipos de desacordos.  

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Da Certeza. Wittgenstein. Epistemologia. Brandom. Inefabilidade.  

ABSTRACT: The concept of “hinge propositions'' has several interpretations that also refer to the Tractatus and the Investigations. Moyal-Sharrock (2004), for example, argues that hinge propositions are ineffable. For the interpreter, the hinge certainties cannot be said, because if that happened, the language game would solidify. But if, in fact, hinge certainties were ineffable, how could we handle cases of disagreement between distinct and rival hinge certainties? The thesis of the ineffability of hinges seems to be inappropriate, since it prevents meaningful dialogue and possible corrections in situations of conflict between different hinges. To address these issues, from a neopragmatist reading, we use the Socratic Method as interpreted by Robert Brandom (1994, 2013). We developed this contribution in two parts: i) the negative part, in which we show the shortcomings of Moyal-Sharrock's ineffability thesis in respect to hinges; ii) and the positive part, in which we argue that the Socratic method, as proposed by Brandom, presents a possible mechanism for resolving the impasse in this kind of disagreements.

KEYWORDS: On Certainty. Wittgenstein. Epistemology. Brandon. Ineffability.

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RELATIVIDADE E RELATIVISMO NOS USOS DA LINGUAGEM EM WITTGENSTEIN
Authors: Hillesheim Valério
Published: June 2023

Resumo: A filosofia de Wittgenstein é uma atividade que visa o esclarecimento lógico da linguagem, em sua primeira fase (Tractatus) e uma terapia linguística, em sua segunda fase (Investigações Filosóficas e outras obras). Uma das coisas comuns entre essas duas fases é a tentativa de eliminar o psicologismo. Para melhor compreender essa atitude filosófica é importante estabelecer a diferença entre relatividade e relativismo nos usos da linguagem. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as principais diferenças entre o significado de relatividade e relativismo nos usos da linguagem em Wittgenstein. Essas diferenças podem ser compreendidas a partir da análise gramatical de diferentes temáticas. No entanto, esse trabalho irá priorizar essa diferenciação a partir da discussão de conceitos epistêmicos, como saber, certeza, dúvida e a gramática implicada nesses usos sob a perspectiva do pano de fundo das formas de vida. O problema principal que se apresenta nesta análise é: como as mesmas proposições podem ser concebidas ora como cumprindo um papel gramatical, portanto, normativo, ora cumprindo um papel empírico, factual? Essa diferenciação é importante, pois ela possibilita evitar os usos confusos e indevidos da linguagem quando ocorre a mistura entre critérios e sintomas, o factual e o metafísico provocando diversos mal-entendidos.  

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Relatividade. Relativismo. Normativo. Factual. Usos.  

ABSTRACT: Wittgenstein's philosophy is an activity that aims for the logical clarification of language, in its first phase (Tractatus) and a linguistic therapy, in its second phase (Philosophical Investigations and other works). One of the common things between these two phases is the attempt to eliminate the psychologism. To better understand this philosophical attitude it is important to establish the difference between relativity and relativism in the uses of language. The objective of this work is to present the main differences between the meaning of relativity and relativism in the uses of language in Wittgenstein. These differences can be understood from the grammatical analysis of different themes. However, this work will prioritize this differentiation from the discussion of epistemic concepts, such as knowledge, certainty, doubt and the grammar involved in these uses from the perspective of the background of forms of life. The major problem that arises in this analysis is: how can the same propositions be conceived as fulfilling a grammatical, therefore, normative role, and sometimes fulfilling an empirical, factual role? This differentiation is important, as it makes it possible to avoid confusing and improper uses of language when criteria and symptoms, the factual and the metaphysical, are mixed up, causing several misunderstandings.

KEYWORDS: Relativity. Relativism. Normative. Factual. Uses.
WITTGENSTEIN ENTRE O PATO E A LEBRE
Authors: Mulinari e Silva Filicio
Published: June 2023

resumo: Os comentários a respeito do “problema da visão de aspecto” constituem uma longa trajetória de existência nos comentários à filosofia wittgensteiniana. Todavia, um novo fôlego para a discussão foi obtido após a publicação dos manuscritos sobre a filosofia da psicologia na década de 1980 e 1990. No que diz respeito especificamente à visão de aspecto, a leitura de Stephen Mulhall, feita em seu livro On Being in the World (1990), promove um marco decisivo na retomada de análise da questão. Dito isso, o objetivo aqui é apresentas o problema da visão de aspecto e, sobretudo, realizar uma crítica à leitura de Mulhall sobre o tema, mantendo o foco especialmente em dois pontos: a) na sua proposta de estender a abrangência do conceito de “ver-como” (visão de aspecto) para todo tipo de ver; b) na tentativa de aproximar as investigações de Wittgenstein das propostas heideggerianas sem o devido cuidado de separações conceituais.  

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Wittgenstein; Mulhall; Visão de aspectos; Ver-como.  

ABSTRACT: Lectures on the problem of “seeing aspects problem” constitute a long history in comments on Wittgensteinian philosophy. However, a new impetus for the discussion was obtained after the publication of the Wittgenstein’s manuscripts on the philosophy of psychology in the 1980s and 1990s. With regard specifically to the aspect view, the reading of Stephen Mulhall, present in his book On Being in the World (1990), promotes a decisive mark in the resumption of analysis of the issue. Wherefore, the objective here is to present the problem of the seeing aspects and, above all, to carry out a critique of Mulhall's reading on the subject, focusing especially on two points: a) on his proposal to extend the scope of the concept of “ seeing-as” (aspect seeing) for all kinds of seeing; b) in an attempt to bring Wittgenstein's investigations closer to Heidegger's proposals without due care for conceptual separations.

KEYWORDS: Wittgenstein; Mulhall; Seeing aspects; Seeing-as.
PARA ALÉM DA TERAPIA GRAMATICAL
Authors: De França Gurgel Diogo , ZÜRCHER Tiago
Published: June 2023

resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar o papel da analogia (e dos métodos de comparação) no que entendemos ser uma tarefa propriamente positiva da filosofia desenvolvida por Wittgenstein em sua maturidade. Com o intuito de delinear o que chamamos de “tarefa positiva”, consideraremos algumas alternativas naturalistas à chamada leitura terapêutica – a qual reduz a prática filosófica a um trabalho um tanto negativo de dissolução de abusos e mal-entendidos oriundos de teorizações desorientadas. Nesse momento, procuraremos expor algumas fragilidades das leituras enativistas de Wittgenstein (tanto aquela proposta por Dan Hutto, quanto a proposta por Danièle Moyal-Sharrock), e, ainda, as dificuldades encontradas por outras leituras naturalistas, como aquela estabelecida por Newton Garver. Por fim, buscaremos apresentar, em contraste com essas leituras, uma abordagem da tarefa positiva na filosofia que dê conta de explicar as condições sob as quais conceitos podem ser cunhados tendo em vista a investigação gramatical. A abordagem que propomos tem, na relação entre o uso de analogias para fins filosóficos e as observações sobre a gramática do “ver como”, o seu eixo central.  

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Wittgenstein. Analogia. Terapia Gramatical.

ABSTRACT: This paper aims to examine the role of analogy (and methods of comparison) in what we understand to be a proper positive task of the philosophy developed by Wittgenstein in his maturity. In order to outline what we call the “positive task”, we will take into consideration some naturalistic alternatives to the so-called therapeutic reading – which reduces philosophical practice to a somewhat negative work of dissolving abuses and misunderstandings arising from misguided theorizations. At this point, we will try to expose some weaknesses of the enactivist readings of Wittgenstein (both the one proposed by Dan Hutto and the one proposed by Danièle Moyal-Sharrock), and also the difficulties encountered by other naturalist readings, such as the one established by Newton Garver. Finally, we will try to present, in contrast to these readings, an approach to the positive task in philosophy that accounts for explaining the conditions under which concepts can be coined having at its sight the grammatical investigation. The approach we propose has, in the relationship between the use of analogies for philosophical purposes and observations on the grammar of “seeing as”, its central axis.

KEYWORDS: Wittgenstein. Analogy. Grammatical Therapy.
Analyzing the Spanish Euthanasia Law: Achievements and inconsistencies of the legal assistance to die
Authors: Paradela López Miguel , Jima-González Alexandra
Published: June 2023

The Spanish government recently passed legislation that legalized euthanasia. This article analyzes the Organic Law on the Regulation of Voluntary Euthanasia by exploring its procedural aspects, the various methods of providing assistance to die and the medical role under the law. After this examination, the article points out three potential problems with respect to the law’s practical implementation. The first potential problem is the lack of explicit regulation regarding the assistance to die as provided to patients with mental disorders. Second, the law is unclear concerning the permissible extent of the legal assistance to die for patients self-administrating the lethal drug. Third, the ambiguous role assigned to medical staff during the final phases of euthanasia, especially concerning the duty of “observation and support”. This study concludes that the new law, despite its proponents’ thorough effort to guarantee the right to receive euthanasia, contains significant loopholes that may generate future controversies.