bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Technology of the Learning Process Management Expert System in Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Kuzenbaev Batyrkhan , Niyazova Rosamgul , KuzenbaevÐ° Ayzhan
Published: November 2018

The present paper considers the development of learning process management expert system in higher educational institutions, based on the ontological approach. The purpose of research is an improve the effectiveness of decision making during the management of learning processes by using intelligent management methods and modern approaches to knowledge modelling. The methodology of solving the set task is based on models and methods of knowledge representation usage, the artificial intelligence theory, expert methods of decision-making and general theoretical principles of the control theory, and the theory of decision-making. Authors conducted a qualitative analysis of the domain knowledge, which allowed distinguishing and formalizing main concepts and relations between them. Authors suggested a methodological approach to the construction of the learning process management system, which allows implementing knowledge-based approaches to the development of information systems in the domain knowledge of learning process management. Authors also developed the structure and formal description of the ontology of the learning process in higher educational institutions, which allows reusing the suggested solutions. Research results were implemented in the expert information system; they can be used in practice in learning process management in higher educational institutions.Â
Implementation of Cryptographic Approach for Image Transmission with Security
Authors: SandhyaRani M. , Sivaprasad T.
Published: November 2018

In this paper an approach for secured transmission of images and its implementation is being proposed.Â  The proposed method proves to be better compared to various presently existing cryptographic algorithms. The basic application of this algorithm is to provide secured transmission of digital images for various multimedia usages. These encrypted messages can further be used for compact storage of information of patient details which are very much confidently for patient centric approach. The results of the implementation show that the computation time is faster comparatively and it is highly secured and also efficient method for image transmission. The input for demonstration is taken as Lena image on which the Elliptic Curve Cryptography method is applied. The major advantage of this approach is reduced key size.Â Â
Capital structure, capital investment and profitability among Malaysian listed firms
Authors: Vaicondam Yamunah , Ramakrishnan Ramakrishnan
Published: November 2018

Capital investments are referred as a critical managerial decision on firm's fixed asset for generating profitability. However, the empirical finding shows that not every capital investment has a significant positive effect on profitability. Literature indicates mixed results of examining the capital investment relationship with firm's profitability, which vary in respects to the debt structure. On the other hand, strong government reinforcement has pushed Malaysia up as one of the top ten countries with robust private capital investment in the year 2004. Since the capital investments are typically irreversible and hypothesized as profit generator, the first aim of this study is to examine the effect of the capital investment on the firm's profitability across firms and sectors. The second aim is to examine the moderating effect of capital structure on the relationship between capital investment and profitability across firms and sectors. This study utilized pooled ordinary least squares and fixed effect analysis across 708 non-financial Malaysian listed firms. The unbalanced datasets for the period 2001 to 2015 were employed to check the robustness of these results. This study suggested that capital investment has a strong significant positive effect on profitability measurements across Malaysian listed firms in non-financial sectors. On the other hand, the significant negative moderating effect of capital structure on the relationship between capital investment and return on capital across Malaysian listed firms reflected the perspective of empire building theory. In addition, the independent sample test engaged across sectors affirmed that moderating effect of capital structure are different across sectors. Thus, this study concluded the existence of moderating effect of capital structure on the relationship between capital investment and profitability. This study addressed the knowledge gap on the moderating effect of capital structure based on empire building theory.Â Â
The tranformative perspective in critical reflection and dialogue among former drug addict in petaling jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Abu Hassan Normala , Azhar Abd Hamid Mohd , Hassan Zainudin , Tukiman Kassim , Koharudin Mohd
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to discuss the function of critical reflection and dialogue through perspective transformation process among 15 former drug addict. This paper will discusses the learning process of the former drug addicts return to normal life. One of the learning elements that applies in the adult cognitive system (in this context is the former addict drug) is a critical reflection. Critical reflection is an important element in transformative learning which former drug addict trying to find a solution to drug addiction by doing critical reflection to their past experience. They will reflect, think again, check and examine the experience as a drug addict. In addition, the dialog element is important in critical reflection which can respond to experience of former drug addicts. Dialogue is a process by which the former drug addict dialogue with other individuals to build a new perspective and is a process is important element in transformative learning. Critical reflection and dialogue an effective learning process for adults. The main theory of this study is transformative learning theory by Mezirow. Qualitative methods was chosen in this study by using the phenomenological and case study method in which to understand the phenomenon comprehensively. Finally, this article will conclude the critical reflection and dialogue function to help former drug addicts.Â Â
The Effect of Implementation of Service Marketing Mix to the Process of Tourist Decision to Visit Tourism Object: A Case Study at Lembah Harau, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, Sumatera Barat Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rosha Zeshasina , . .
Published: November 2018

This research examines the effect of product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence on touristsâ€™ decision process to visit the tourism object in Lembah Harau, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, Sumatera Barat Province, Indonesia. This tourism object consists of three resorts, namely Aka Barayun, Sarasah Bunta, and Rimbo Piobang. The approach in this research is a case study. The study population is tourists who visit the Lembah Harau. Primary data collected through a questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using a partial test (t-test). The result of the research revealed that product, place, promotion, and people significantly affects touristâ€™s decision process to visit Lembah Harau. Product variables have a dominant influence on the touristâ€™s decision. This proves that the object is the main consideration for tourists to visit the Lembah Harau, then sequentially followed by location, promotion, and people. Hence, not all aspects of the concept of the marketing mix influence the touristâ€™s decision process to visit the Lembah Harau attraction. Administrators of Lembah Harau are advised to maintain and develop products, easiness of process, fairness of the price, facilities, services, quality of people, and effective promotion strategy. Next researchers are recommended to study other tourist destinations in Sumatera Barat or continue this research by expanding the sample size and add other variables such as psychological factors and service quality.Â Â
Fostering political participation among students of Pesantren through new media in Madura
Authors: Cholil Ahmad , Zanuddin Hasmah
Published: November 2018

There are 911 of Islamic boarding schools in Madura. However, the students do not have easy access to the media via the Internet as expected. This is particularly due to some restrictions imposed by the schools on them in accessing the Internet. This resulted in the study of communication action between students of Islamic boarding schools and the new internet media; that is, how the schools and students can absorb the use of new media among students and how they play roles in political participation through new internet media. The present study employs a qualitative approach using ethnographic observations. The study uses Rogersâ€™ (1986) theory on the diffusion of innovation organizations and individuals, Rothâ€™s (1980) theory on political participation, and Wilsonâ€™s (1980) theory on the pyramid of political participation. Based on diffusion of organizational innovation, it was found that the Banyuanyar Islamic boarding schools accept the existence of the Internet, but they experience lack of computer equipment (hardware), application program (software), as well as lack of experts and skills to use the facilities. As for the communication action, the use of the Internet gains wide acceptance. Most of the students even have basic knowledge to use the Internet before they enter school. The existence of media facilities may lead to the breach of rules by the students with regard to the policies of pesantren. Some efforts are needed to identify ethical violations in communication actions undertaken by the students in the use of the Internet. On the one hand, the identification of the Internet provides freedom space, but on the other, the pesantren does not have virtual security officers to deal with digital violations that may be committed by the students. The early identification of an effort is necessary to anticipate the adoption of innovations and to make boarding school students media-intelligent. In term of the tendency of political participation, the students of pesantren Banyuanyar are participative in political activities. The policy made by the pesantren leaders plays a pivotal role in political participation. The education on political participation among students of pesantren through new media is reflected in the flow of information that is accessible everywhere, particularly electronic media, which has contributed significantly to developing the mindset of the people, especially among the students of pesantren.Â Â
Using problem-based learning as an instructional approach in enhancing problem solving skills between engineering and business
Authors: Abdul Kadir Zulida , Hazana Abdullah Nor , Azrol Abdullah Rosmahalil , Ismail Fadillah , Abdul Kadir Adibah , A/P M.Anthony Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

Problem-based Learning (PBL) is one of an emerging student-centered approach in Malaysia. PBL has been proven to be one of the best approaches in helping students improve their soft skills. Complaints received from industry stating that many graduates are lacking of problem solving skills. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify whether students’ problem solving skills could be improved using PBL as an instructional tool. A quasi-experimental interrupted time series design was used involving fifty students from business and engineering faculties in a premier Technical University in Malaysia. Students were given four treatments or problems and were assessed based on accuracy and quality of solutions of the problem given. Results show that business students enhanced their problem solving skills better than engineering students. The findings support previous findings on the effectiveness of PBL on problem solving skills. This finding substantiates the use of PBL as an effective instructional tool to improve students’ problem solving abilities.
The mediating effect of employee commitment towards organization effectiveness framework
Authors: Isa Khairunesa , Md. Yusoff Rosman , Rahman Ahmad Abd. , Hanim Nadrah Wan Wan
Published: November 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to study the mediating effect of employeeâ€™s commitment between leadership style and organization effectiveness. In addition, it presents a conceptual research framework to understand these relationships as supported by literature review from recent studies. The main findings indicate that employee commitment can be partial mediator factor between leadership style and organization effectiveness. To get the commitment, leaders should empower employees through human orientation and the application of transformational leadership elements such as intellectual stimulation and individual consideration which help to create mutual understanding between employees and organization. In conclusion, employee commitment plays a role as partial mediator between leadership style and organization effectiveness.Â
â€œWork Ethicâ€ Value as Soehartoâ€™s Development Tool in Indonesia
Authors: Jaes Lutfan , Abdul Latiff Azmi , Ismail Fadillah , Akmal Damin Zahrul , Ani Fauziah , Rahman Abdul Aziz Abdul
Published: November 2018

This research paper mainly discusses Soeharto and his â€œWork Ethicâ€ value system. It focuses on the role of local wisdom as a fundamental value that has moulded leadership character and style of Soeharto in Indonesia. A term during his leadership tenure was used by Soeharto to identify, list and explain the source of the dominant local wisdom. Content analysis was used as the method of analysis in to explain a series of â€œEnd of the Year Speechâ€, â€œNationhood Speechâ€ and â€œParty Speechâ€. Initial analysis on the speech texts showed that emphasis on values was given at every serie of the speeches delivered. Next, quotations of every paragraph in the speech texts were scrutinized for groupings of dimensions (Value Dimensions) specifically referring to Asian Values. The paragraphs of every text were recited for the final time in order to identify Derived Values originated from each of the Value Dimensions. Recordings of data were carried out by using Archive for Technology, the Life World and Everyday Language. Text Interpretation (ATLAS).ti version 7 software.Â  It was discovered that Soeharto used his â€œNationhood Speechâ€ serie as his main medium to deliver values to his people. Value Dimension â€œWork Ethicsâ€ was identified as the second most important value in his delivery of messages on development. Meanwhile, Derived Values â€œStrong/Kind/Dilligent/Viable/Earnestâ€ were values that frequently appeared in the dimension. At the end of this paper, an explanation on the application of these values in the leadership and development under Soeharto is obtained. In conclusion, a leader who manipulated local wisdom is capable of achieving development that is more pragmatic and effective. Reinvigorating the local wisdom is a significant factor that can catalyze a continuous development specifically in Indonesia and generally in the South East Asia.Â
Islamic Scholar and Regional Development: Analyze on Sinanâ€™s Contribution in Civil Engineering
Authors: Mohd. Khalid Halimi , Zainatul Nadra Zainol Nur , Ahmad Shakila , Hisyam Mohd Abdul Rahim Mohd , Shakor Borham Abdul
Published: November 2018

Muslims have been at the top of the glory of civilization with a combination of excellence achieved in the East and West. To the east, the progress made in Kufa, Baghdad and Damascus is a turning point towards the propagation of Islamic civilization. While on the west, Sicilian control has opened the eyes of the world. While the success achieved in Andalusia cannot be matched at that time by other European powers. Almost 14 centuries of Islam dominated the world stage. The development achieved in the aspects of science, architecture, science, technology and so on can not be matched at that time by any external force. This shows that the Islamic government has never forgotten the development aspect, but it is one of the important aspects of civilization. Among this achievement were contributed by Islamic scholar in Ottoman Empire such as Yusuf Sinauddin bin Abdul Mennan or Abdullah. He recognized as Miâ€™mar Sinan. This article aims to analyze the contribution of Sinan in regional development which was focusing in field of civil engineering. It involved content analysis as method for collecting the data. The result shows Sinan had significant contribution in two aspects namely in the construction of water aqueducts and bridges engineering. He also embedded the Islamic attributes in his works.Â Â
The Effects of Earnings Per Share and Firm Size to Stock Price LQ45 Company Listed in Indonesian Securities
Authors: Yuliza Arma
Published: November 2018

This study was conducted by the firm that included the stock index of IDX (Indonesian stock exchange) consist of the 45 best stocks (LQ45 index companies) that are listed on the Indonesian Securities. This study aims to assess the effect of earnings per share and the firm size on stock prices. The purpose of this study is also to prove that the size of the firm can moderate the relationship between earnings per share and stock prices. By conducting a regression analysis, this study gives evidence that earnings per share and firm size have a significant effect on stock prices. The size of the firm is also able to moderate the relationship between earnings per share and stock prices. The results of this study gave evidence that profit and the size of the company can provide important information for investors in making decisions.Â
Vertical Integration Market Analysis of Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunches in West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Nesti Lisa , Tan Firwan , Ridwan Endrizal , Ampuh Hadiguna Rika
Published: November 2018

This study aims to examine whether there is asymmetric information on the vertical integration market in palm oil Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) in West Sumatera using Error Correction Model (ECM) and analyze the factors causing price inefficiency of oil palm in West Sumatera. The result obtained the change in price of FFB of palm oil of sales realization at agent level, sales realization of export Â price of crude palm oil (CPO), and sales realization of exportÂ  price of kernel have positive effect on sales realization at smallholder price of FFB Â level andÂ  Error Correction Term (ECT) value is negative and significant at 5%Â  of real level, which states that in the short and long run, the free variables used significantly influence the sales realization at smallholder price of Â FFB of palm oilÂ  level. Exporter of CPOÂ  is one actor involved in it who has dominant power in influencing the selling price of FFB so that they can manage the selling price of FFB farmers as a producer of palm oil, this is the cause of inefficiencies in the vertical integration marketÂ Â
The mediating role of motivation for creative performance of cloud-based m-learning
Authors: Chang Yu-Shan
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictability of cloud-based m-learning for creative performance, and the mediating effect of motivation. The participants were 116 college students, who participated in the pre-test and post-test of a teaching experiment. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) cloud-based m-learning has a significant positive effect on the motivation of students, particularly on expectancy and affect; (2) cloud-based m-learning has a significant effect on the creative performance of students, particularly on elaboration and novelty; and (3) cloud-based m-learning exhibits predictability for creative performance and affects creative performance through using motivation as a mediator.
Genealogia międzynarodowości. Społeczna teoria stosunków międzynarodowych
Authors: GAŁGANEK Andrzej
Published: November 2018

In several papers recently published by the author, the main reference was the theoretical considerations of Justin Rosenberg, in an attempt to show the reasons for the dichotomization of ‘internationality’ and ‘internality,’ and the ways of overcoming this dichotomization. This paper attempts to resolve and conclude these previously discussed issues. On the ground of Rosenberg’s theoretical assumptions, the paper answers the questions of where ‘internationality’ originated, and what is a decisive factor for its existence as the dimension of the social world. The author makes reference to the notion of uneven and combined development as interpreted by J. Rosenberg so as to reconstruct the methods applied in answering the above questions in three stages. Firstly, he discusses the model, allowing a comparison of different methods of combining uneven development with international relations. It emerges that, thus far, all these methods have tended to assume political multiplicity (internationality) rather than explain its existence. Secondly, the author reconstructs the explanations referring to the historical-and-sociological argument presented in the work of Barry Buzan and Richard Little. They place the sources of internationality in the prehistoric transition from a hunter- gatherer existence to an agricultural one, which was connected with processes of social diversification and the formation of proto-states. At first glance, Buzan and Little’s explanation seems to make the notion of uneven and combined development redundant. On more detailed analysis, however, ‘unevenness’ and ‘combination’ turn out to play a key role in Buzan and Little’s empirical argument, albeit not theorized upon. Thirdly, the author of this paper demonstrates how ‘unevenness’ and ‘combination’ are necessary elements in processes of social transformation. Thus, he demonstrates that the sources of ‘internationality’ do come from the uneven and combined nature of historical development.
O pojęciu i istocie bezpieczeństwa
Authors: ROSICKI Remigiusz
Published: November 2018

The subject of the paper is the notion and essence of security. The paper is divided into three parts; the first one discusses the essence of security, the second – the increasing significance of security in non-military dimensions, while the third part presents different ways of defining the notion of security. The first part analyzes security in its philosophical, existential and biological contexts. These considerations are concluded with a general definition of security as the opportunity to fulfill one’s existential needs as well as to ensure one’s existence, survival and development. Security is also a state of certainty of the above opportunities. The second part of the paper concerns the issue of the expansion of the notion of security. This is related to redefining power in international relations and with the progressing specialization of the fields of study that deal with the issue of security. Additionally, attention should be paid to the expanding repertoire of threats, which forms an element of numerous definitions of security. The expansion of this repertoire itself may be a consequence of increased awareness in various realms of social activity (e.g. environmental protection). The last part concentrates on the ways of defining security and concerns four approaches to security as the (1) subject, (2) object, (3) a spatial entity, and (4) a process. It can be said that the concept of security is open; it is impossible to present a single, clear set of definitions. This follows from the open repertoire of threats and different approaches of different fields. Therefore, static approaches to the essence of security should be criticized. It should also be stated that the range of the concept will continue to expand.
Eurosceptycyzm znad Wełtawy. Inspiracja brytyjska czy oryginalny wariant czeskich konserwatystów?
Authors: LESZCZYŃSKI Paweł
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to reveal the connections between the British version of Euroskepticism (as one variety of this political and intellectual phenomenon) and its Czech variant, personified by the present President of the Czech Republic – Vaclav Klaus. The paper discusses the fundamental elements of the Euroskeptical outlook that are sometimes presented to public opinion in EU states as ‘Eurorealism.’ The British variety is presented alongside the most important elements of the same concept in France and Denmark. Although Czech Europskepticism refers to numerous significant structural elements of its British predecessor, it has a number of original features. Among others, they result from the geopolitical conditions of Central Europe. The author analyzes the statements of the present Czech president (who once described himself as a Thatcherist) to show his essential influence on the shape of Euroskeptical attitudes on the Vltava. The author also presents the most important foreign policy documents of the former political circles of Vaclav Klaus, i.e. the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), with their Europskeptical overtones. The paper concludes with the author’s observations concerning the similarities and discrepancies between British and Czech attitudes.
Kierunki racjonalizacji struktury rolnictwa polskiego w świetle rozwiązań stosowanych w Europie Zachodniej
Authors: BABIAK Jerzy
Published: November 2018

Agriculture is a peculiar sector of the economy that requires support from the state. Its spontaneous transformation is not effective enough, therefore a number of mechanisms are applied to stimulate advantageous structural transformation both at EU and national levels. The agricultural system of West European states is based on the family farm. Although Community law does not define a family farm, different systems provide various measures applied in order to protect family farms, e.g. by means of controlling agricultural land trade. The paper presents the legal and institutional solutions applied in this respect in France, Germany and Denmark. These states have not been randomly selected, as they are the main competitors for Polish agriculture in the Community market, and they have succeeded in establishing an agrarian structure. Against the background of their experience, Polish legal solutions are presented and assessed. The responsibilities of the Agricultural Property Agency are presented in detail; its principal task apart from the management of State Treasury property is to shape agrarian structure.
Głosowanie elektroniczne – nowe wyzwanie dla demokracji?
Authors: MUSIAŁ -KARG Magdalena MUSIAŁ -KARG
Published: November 2018

The notion of democracy poses a significant challenge and problem in modern considerations on history, philosophy and politics. At present, in the face of the so-called information revolution, democracy has undoubtedly undergone profound and easily visible transformations. It can be said that the application of IT to exercise democratic power has brought about a revolution that will span a period of many years, given the different potential differing states have to spread the new technologies. The development of information and communications technology (ICT) has introduced new notions related to democracy, such as teledemocracy, technopolitics or electronic democracy (e-democracy). The subject of this paper, electronic voting (e-voting) is among the highly significant instruments of e-democracy. Electronic voting is the fulfillment of the principle of national sovereignty as it can be applied in the procedures of both indirect (e-elections) and direct (e-referendum) democracy.
Unia Europejska i jej granice. W poszukiwaniu modelu integracji na europejskich peryferiach
Authors: JAŃCZAK Jarosław
Published: November 2018

Research into borders and frontiers in the context of European integration has evolved, leading to the question of the shape of the external borders of the EU and their organization in relation to the external surroundings. The approach to how the unification processes of the continent are presented has recently changed, and the Union is being perceived through its peripheries. The one-way model of the flow of ideas from the center to the peripheries has been replaced by a two-way one. This allows us to use the Westfalen, imperial and neo-medieval geopolitical model to analyze the EU and, consequently, the four geo-strategies that are regionally diversified in the northern, eastern and southern peripheries of the Union. Nevertheless, it is the periphery that plays the key role and initiates certain types of relations with neighbors, whereas the center approves of them and modifies them, according to its own requirements.
Współpraca państw UE w realizacji polityki akwenowej na przykładzie pierwszej, morskiej, militarnej operacji EUNAVFOR ATALANTA
Authors: PAJĄK Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

The uncontrollable outbreak of piracy attacks off the Somali coast has lately made the East African coast the area where the majority of all global maritime crimes occur. Located in East Africa, Somalia borders one of the most important maritime communication routes on Earth: the Suez Canal – the Red Sea – the Gulf of Aden. EU states could be acutely affected by the disruption of sea trade in this area, therefore they have become actively involved in fighting piracy off the Somali coast. As a result of political, organizational and legal activity, the Council of the EU established the first maritime military operation under the auspices of the European Union – EUNAVFOR Somalia – Operation Atalanta. The efficient operation of EU naval forces, hundreds of miles from European shores would not have been possible had it not been for an extensive and comprehensive maritime policy. Not only has its implementation enabled the EU to chase pirates in the Somali basin, or helped bring any criminals detained before the courts, but is has also influenced countries outside the European Union.
Kierunki ewolucji prawa wyborczego w Polsce a demokracja partycypacyjna
Authors: STELMACH Andrzej
Published: November 2018

One highly significant phenomenon demonstrating that public life is becoming increasingly democratic is provided by the formal and material guaranty of the citizens’ political participation. Legitimization of power is an important issue. For the sake of simplicity, it may be said that one political option or another has won the elections. Under Polish conditions, an electoral victory means that a given party won more votes than any other. But by no means does it say that this party has won the support of a majority of voters. Poland has been ruled by the parties that have won anything from 20.41% of the votes, as the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) did in 1993, to the 41.51% Civic Platform (PO) won in 2007. This shows that power has been exercised by political parties that have not won the approval of a majority of voters. The picture looks even worse when the support rulers enjoy is not measured in terms of approval expressed by voters, but in terms of absolute values, i.e. the proportion of all citizens entitled to vote. The legitimization of power is extremely low when analyzed from this perspective. In the best case it amounts to 21.89% obtained by the victorious party, and 26.58% of all entitled to vote won by the coalition formed by the victorious parties to rule after the elections. Thus it is difficult to talk about democratic governance, understood as the rule of the majority. It should rather be concluded that the ruling parties are those that have won the largest support, which only means that they have collected more votes than any other political power taking part in the same elections. Understood in this way, power is not exercised on behalf of a majority, but by the best organized minority.
Współczesne media lokalne jako przedmiot refleksji medioznawczej
Authors: KOWALCZYK Ryszard
Published: November 2018

The paper concerns considerations on the areas of operation of modern local media in Poland from the point of view of the paradigm of media studies. It outlines the evolution of the status of local media after 1989. It emphasizes the importance of the Round Table and the resulting political transformation in the process of restitution and development of local media in Poland. The paper also describes this segment of the media in terms of freedom and accountability, market, economy and idea as well as social communication.
Globalizacja i jej przeciwnicy
Authors: REWIZORSKI Marek
Published: November 2018

One of the results of the accelerated economic and social development over the last thirty years involves the emergence of social movements that are opposed to globalization. The objective of this paper is to present the main demands of the opponents of globalization, in particular in the context of the asymmetrical development of the parties in international relations. Anti-globalists and alter-globalists oppose the increasing importance of transnational corporations and the gradual shift of the point of gravity in the global economy from sovereign states to institutions of a regional, supraregional or global character. Anti-globalists note the progressing global crisis of legitimization of the democratic system of governance and the threat that it will be replaced by highly institutionalized technocratic structures (WTO, IMF, World Bank, European Commission). The role of anti-globalist and alter-globalist movements is of profound significance at present as they provide opposition to neoliberalism as the binding doctrine in global economy. Calling for the establishment of mechanisms that would provide for fair distribution of goods between the ‘North’ and the ‘South’ they contribute to the internationalization of the idea of collaboration between states thus ensuring that order be maintained in the global economy. Therefore, these movements support the ‘weaker party’ in international business relations – the developing countries. However, there is a negative aspect of their activity, namely they perceive globalization as a process of subordinating the weak by the strong, or – in other words – they refer to the idea of class struggle in the global economic system.
Organizacje pozarządowe we współczesnym społeczeństwie obywatelskim
Authors: BABIAK Jerzy
Published: November 2018

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are one of the indicators in the assessment of whether the state operates on the principles of a civic society. NGOs are also a crucial element of public life as they cover an extensive area of activity. At the level of local communities they effectively promote their development as organizations that are close to the citizens. In the European Union they are an expression of public opinion. After WWII both the political and legal circumstances in Poland did not favor their development. An observable improvement began during the transition period at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The number of NGOs considerably increased at that time. Although the number of newly registered NGOs has been consistently decreasing since 2003, as has Poles’ interest in voluntary work, Polish NGOs are in quite good condition compared to their counterparts in other states of Central and Eastern Europe.
Dyskursywne (re)konstruowanie charyzmy. Przypadek Lecha Wałęsy
Authors: LIPIŃSKI Artur
Published: November 2018

The paper analyzes the discursive reconstruction of L. Wałęsa’s charisma by the Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper in response to S. Cenckiewicz and P. Gontarczyk’s book entitled SB a Lech Wałęsa. Przyczynek do biografii [The secret police and Lech Wałęsa. Addendum to a biography]. The paper uses the methodology of interpretative research which emphasizes the role of meaning for the social and political construction of reality. Inspired by the theoretical and methodological proposals of discourse analysis it examines the mechanisms used to reconstruct Lech Wałęsa’s charismatic identity in response to a book that undermines his social image. These attempts also involve the construction of individual identity, in the case under analysis, the identity of historians and authors of the book who are responsible for undermining this image. Therefore, the paper also attempts to analyze media representations of S. Cenckiewicz and P. Gontarczyk. Attention is primarily focused on the key actors, on the features attributed to them and related argumentative strategies understood as a more or less intentional plan of discursive practices adopted in order to achieve defined social, political, linguistic or psychological purposes.
Problematyka kobieca w prasie lokalnej
Authors: JURGA-WOSIK Ewa
Published: November 2018

The analysis of the content of local periodicals makes it possible to indicate two types of women’s issues. One presents both historical as well as modern images of women, while the other discusses women’s issues in relation to political, economic and social phenomena and events. The author of the paper attempts to answer the question of what women have found interesting and what they want to read about; whether we are dealing with sexism in the local press; whether publications on women’s issues are more frequently written by men or women; whether there is a set division of positions and competences available to women in the operation of the local press and whether the fact that editors-in-chief are women influences the quality and quantity of women’s topics discussed. The conclusions corroborate the main hypothesis, namely that although there are certain exceptions, the local press largely reinforces a stereo- typical approach to women.
Muzy Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego i Henryka Sienkiewicza
Authors: KOSMANOWA Bogumiła
Published: November 2018

The paper discusses two prominent figures in Polish literature, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887) and Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916), and the role women played in their lives, influencing their works. In the beginning, the author devotes some attention to the role of ‘muses’ and their inspiration to artists from Antiquity to Romanticism. In the analytical part of her paper, she presents the differences between these two masters of the quill. Kraszewski let excessive emotions take the reins in his private life, as a consequence of which he frequently misplaced his affections, suffering considerable disappointments. Sienkiewicz, although highly susceptible to female charms, was more mature, as is well reflected in his works. His life experience influenced the artistic maturity of his female protagonists. Thus, towards the end of his life, he was able to conclude that love was the highest value. The ‘muses’ of this first Polish Nobel laureate in literature exerted a profound influence on the literary profile of the heroines of his greatest novels.
Robert Traba, Przyszłość w teraźniejszości. Polskie spory o historię na początku XXI wieku, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2009, ss. 325.
Authors: KOSMAN Marcelo
Published: November 2018

Robert Traba, Przyszłość w teraźniejszości. Polskie spory o historię na początku XXI wieku, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2009, ss. 325.
Droga polskich kobiet do Parlamentu Europejskiego
Authors: LESIEWICZ Elżbieta
Published: November 2018

In 2004, Polish women took part in the elections to the European Parliament for the first time. It was a long road that led them to take seats there. The beginnings of the Polish women’s movement date back to the 19th century when it was closely connected with the struggle for the independence of Poland. It was then that the stereotype of the Polish Mother emerged, the guardian of the hearth and home, and promoter of patriotism. These, among other things, were the social, cultural and political stereotypes that women seeking to increase their presence in public life needed to face up to. Polish women obtained voting rights rela- tively early on, in 1918. Despite their political rights, they did not participate in the political life of interwar Poland on a larger scale. The women’s organizations that emerged after WWII implemented the ideology that was officially propagated in those times, and strictly followed the policies of the authorities. Significant changes in the women’s movement occurred in the 1980s when authentic women’s initiatives formed around the Solidarity movement. At pres- ent, approximately 300 women’s organizations operate in Poland. Polish accession to the European Union has given Polish women an opportunity to intensify their activities in supra- national politics. Polish women took seats in the European Parliament, although their numbers thus far have been relatively low. During the 6th parliamentary term, out of 54 Polish Members of the European Parliament, 7 were women. In the EP elections held in 2009, 11 Polish women were elected as MEPs. Regardless of this low level of representation, Polish women are very active and resilient and seriously committed to working in European Parlia- mentary structures.
Psychologiczne uwarunkowania aktywności politycznej kobiet
Authors: PAJĄK-PATKOWSKA Beata
Published: November 2018

Women continue to be underrepresented in the world of politics, even though the formal barriers limiting their access to this sphere of activity have long been removed. The paper ana- lyzes the issue of political factors in women’s political careers and the reasons for their poor presence in this field of activity. Two feasible hypotheses to explain this state of affairs are presented in the paper: the first one assumes that the world of women does not fit that of politics; the second one assumes women’s insufficient competence and a lack of the personal or cognitive predisposition required in order to play political roles. Both hypotheses are tested against the results of numerous studies, including the author’s own research on sexual stereo- types, stereotypes in the perception of politics and politicians, and research into the differences between women in men in respect of the features and competencies that are significant in the profession of a politician.
Życie międzynarodowe rzeczy. Przedmioty luksusu i codziennego użytku w społecznej historii stosunków międzynarodowych
Authors: GAŁGANEK Andrzej
Published: November 2018

The paper discusses the potential of objects, broadly understood luxury ‘items’ and necessities, in order to present uneven and combined development as the foundation of the social history of international relations. The author evidences that this approach to ‘objects’ allows us to achieve, at the very least, the following: (1) to observe the single social world which emerges after the division into ‘internal’ and ‘international’ is rejected; (2) to ‘touch’ the international outside the realm that the science of international relations usually associates with international politics; (3) to examine the social history of international relations, abandoning the approach that dominates in traditional historiography where production processes are privileged over consumption processes; (4) to demonstrate how human activities create internationalism. Discussing apparently different processes related to the international life of broadly understood ‘objects’, such as African giraffes, Kashmiri shawls, silk, the importance of English items for the inhabitants of Mutsamudu, or the opera Madame Butterfly the author identifies similar patterns which, although sometimes concealed, demonstrate the consequences of uneven and combined development for the social history of international relations. Prestige goods express affluence, success and power. They are usually objects manufactured from imported raw materials or materials, with limited distribution, which require a significant amount of labor or advanced technology to create. In contrast to everyday necessities, owing to their high value, prestige goods are exchanged over long distances through networks established by the elite. The analysis of manufacturing, exchange and social contexts related to prestige goods constitutes a significant source for understanding the social history of international relations. The examples in the paper present control over these goods as a source of political power. The control of raw materials, production and distribution of prestige goods is perceived as key to maintaining hierarchical social systems. Objects are inescapably related to ideas and practices. Uneven and combined development leads to meetings between people and objects, either opening or closing the space, allowing for their transfer and domestication, or rejection and destruction respectively. Concentration on the analyses of objects outside of modernization models or comparisons between civilizations and the conscious narrowing of perspective offers a tool with a heuristic potential which is interesting in the context of international relations. Comparative observation of objects (‘single’ elements of reality) via cultures undergoing uneven and combined development protects us from historiographic western exceptionalism. It also shows that the division between the ‘internal’ and ‘international’ unjustifiably splits the social world and makes it impossible to understand.
Uwarunkowania awansu zawodowego kobiet na polskich uczelniach
Authors: PRZYBYLSKA-MASZNER Beata , TROSIAK Cezary
Published: November 2018

The paper deals with the issue of the professional promotion of women working in the aca- demic sector, in the context of Poland’s membership of the European Union. The authors discuss European legal requirements in this respect in order to assess the state of implementation of the recommendations issued by the European Commission and the European Parliament, and included in the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers in Poland. Next, using statistical data from the 2007 and 2011 re- ports of the Central Statistical Office, the authors describe the proportion of women in the structures of academic workers at different levels of academic career and attempt to explain the conditions of the situation they identify. A considerable part of the paper concerns the results of pilot studies carried out among female academics of the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism of Adam Mickiewicz University for the purpose of this paper. Finally, the authors recommend concrete solutions for changing the legal and institutional conditions in order to increase the number of female academics.
Grzegorz Żuk, Twierdza czy wspólnota? Europa w polskim dyskursie publicznym, Lublin 2010, ss. 148.
Authors: MAGUŚ Justyna
Published: November 2018

Grzegorz Żuk, Twierdza czy wspólnota? Europa w polskim dyskursie publicznym, Lublin 2010, ss. 148.
Wojciech Jaruzelski, Starsi o 30 lat, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2011, ss. 205.
Authors: KOSMAN Marceli
Published: November 2018

Wojciech Jaruzelski, Starsi o 30 lat, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2011, ss. 205.
„Sieć’’ przyczyn współczesnego terroryzmu – analiza czynników, mechanizmów i modeli
Authors: WOJCIECHOWSKI Sebastian
Published: November 2018

The issue of terrorism is the subject of numerous studies and analyses. They are usually devoted to its individual manifestations, forms or mechanisms and relatively rarely concern the reasons for the presence and escalation of terrorism. What is more, they often focus on indicating the main factors that trigger terrorism while lacking a profound analysis or attempts at the systemization of the sources of terrorism. Another drawback lies in the emotional or even ideological approach to the subject, which obviously limits the scientific merit of such considerations. Considering the reasons for terrorism one needs to ask several key questions. What are the main factors that generate terrorism? Is it possible to indicate one or several dominating deter- minants among the sources of terrorism? How can they be arranged? Do the present typologies of reasons for terrorism take into account the comprehensive range and specific na- ture of this phenomenon? Apart from answering the above questions, the main purpose of this study is to indicate the main reasons for terrorism combined with the author’s attempt to systemize them by means of the interferential model of reasons for terrorism. It encompasses both the sources of terrorism and their mutual relations, the factors that affect terrorism and the mechanisms and changes that occur with respect to these phenomena.