bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on fatigue life estimation method of welded structure of lifting machinery
Authors: Liu D K , Jiang J F , Shao X Y , Yu B
Published: January 2024

The fatigue strength of lifting machinery structure has always been an important issue in ensuring safety. In order to effectively and accurately evaluate the fatigue life of lifting machinery structure, this paper based on Miner linear cumulative damage theory and S-N curve in British BS 7608 standard, the fatigue life calculation of metal welded structure is carried out. Taking the large-scale bridge crane of hydropower station as an example, the nominal stress of the corresponding key parts is obtained by applying the actual load in the finite element model, and the stress time history is calculated, and then the safe service life of the structure is estimated, which provides an effective and feasible method for evaluating the fatigue residual life of the crane. The example analysis shows that the calculation method is convenient and reliable, which provides a scientific basis for accurately estimating the fatigue life of welded structure of lifting machinery.
Field study on pile side grouting reinforcement for in-service pile foundation using segmental localized grouting
Authors: Sai Z Y , Wang Y S , Zhang Q T , Lin C J , Wu Z H , Li Z F , Zhang Q Q , Zhang M
Published: January 2024

Grouting is an effective method to enhance the bearing capacity of in-service pile foundations. The effect of optimizing grouting parameters for in-service pile foundation grouting reinforcement was verified through static load tests. The field tests of the pileless stratum show that the cement-sodium silicate slurry is more favourable for increasing the grouting pressure and more convenient to control the slurry diffusion than cement slurry. The grouting parameters of cement-sodium silicate slurry were determined according to the maximum grouting pressure and quantity. The slurry grouting parameters were cement slurry 1.6g/cm3 and cement slurry to sodium silicate ratio 2.29:1. Moreover, the effective range of segmental localized grouting reinforcement was detected by the resistivity method and in-situ standard penetration test, and the grouting position should be less than 2m from the side of the in-service pile foundation. Finally, it is found that pile side grouting can improve the bearing capacity of in-service pile foundation by 98% through static load test. The research results have reference value and guiding significance for the design and effect detection of pile foundation grouting reinforcement.
Tensile and creep properties of novel powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy
Authors: Li X Y , Liu J T , Liu C S , Zhang Y W
Published: January 2024

The development of novel powder superalloys for aero-engine turbine disks holds significant implications. In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel powder nickel-based superalloy are evaluated, followed by a brief discussion of the relationship between tensile and creep properties. The results revealed that the new alloy exhibits good microstructural stability after long-term aging and excellent tensile strength at different temperatures. In particular, the creep properties are significantly superior compared to other alloys. In addition, it is verified that the Monkman-Grant relationship modified by tensile parameters has better validity.
The influence of fiber content and voltage on the impact resistance of carbon fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Chen S C , Yu X M , Shi X L
Published: January 2024

The method of machine test was used in this study to analyze the influence of carbon fiber content and voltage strength on the impact resistance of carbon fiber concrete by recording the number of impacts to carbon fiber concrete fracture failure. The results show that as the volume content of carbon fiber increases, the impact resistance to the specimens increases first and then decreases. The impact resistance reaches maximum that the content of 0.24 %, and the calculation formula for the number of impacts to concrete beams under different carbon fiber content in the test is obtained. However, the impact resistance is in a state of overall reduction under the action of voltage, and the reduction range is obvious, indicating that the voltage effect has a negative impact on the impact resistance of carbon fiber concrete.
Optimization of gating system for the inverter shell injection mold based on Moldflow
Authors: Li Ya , Zhou Wengang
Published: January 2024

Taking the Inverter Shell as an example, Moldflow software was applied for numerical simulation of injection molding. Aiming the problem of flowing unbalance for the injection mold combination cavity, the optimization scheme of gating system was determined. The shunt channel sizes were improved based on the flow balance analysis and the gate sizes were improved based on DOE test. The improved geometric parameters were simulated and verified, the results show that the unbalance rate of filling time between cavities fell to 0.6%, the pressure unbalance value is less than 19MPa, the pressure curve at the injection position rise steadily, and the melt flow imbalance can be effectively improved.
Study on fatigue damage evolution behavior of SLM formed IN 718 alloy
Authors: Wang Yaoxin , Zhang Li , Li Lei
Published: January 2024

SLM (Selective Laser Melting) Inconel718 alloy has good corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and fatigue resistance, which is an indispensable and important material in industrial fields such as energy power, aerospace and nuclear power. In this paper, the fatigue damage evolution behavior of SLM Inconel718 alloy under different heat treatment is studied by the MTS fatigue testing machine and DIC (digital image correlation method). The results show that the fatigue evolution of SLM Inconel718 alloy changes slowly in the initial stage of fatigue evolution. When the damage factor reaches the critical value, alloy begins to enter the rapid damage stage. In the steady stage, SLM Inconel718 alloy has small damage accumulation. In the rapid damage stage, the damage degree of SLM Inconel718 alloy increases and the damage accumulates rapidly. The critical damage factor can effectively distinguish these two stages, and the critical damage factor under different heat treatment shows: AT2 > AT1 > AT3.
Study on asphalt damage characteristics in cold area with large temperature gradient
Authors: Tan Tianhua , Ke Wenhao , Wang Zhengjun
Published: January 2024

The primary cause of the asphalt pavement disease in this region is the large temperature differential and high ultraviolet (UV) radiation that characterize this frigid environment. This study assessed the ductility, penetration, softening point, and rheological properties of several asphalts under various freeze-thaw cycles and UV aging conditions. Additionally, the damage characteristics of asphalt in cold and large temperature gradient areas were examined. The findings indicate that the freeze-thaw cycle significantly affects the asphalt’s low-temperature crack resistance but has no discernible effect on the material’s traditional performance or high-temperature rutting resistance. Asphalt’s resistance to low temperature cracking is ranked according to the impacts of UV radiation and the freeze-thaw cycle: 80/100 pen grade asphalt, 100/120 pen grade asphalt, SBS modified asphalt, and SBR modified asphalt. The impact of UV radiation and the freeze-thaw cycle on the high temperature performance of asphalt is categorized into four categories: SBR modified asphalt, SBS modified asphalt, 80/100 pen grade asphalt, and 100/120 pen grade asphalt.
Metal-organic framework films: from synthesis to application
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Zhang Hua , Jiang Long
Published: January 2024

Metal–organic frameworks are porous crystal materials made by the coordination of metal sites and organic ligands. MOFs have lots of advantages, such as large specific surface area, controllable coordination and are easily modified by organic functional groups or metal sites. MOF films have been widely valued by researchers based on this. MOF films have special properties that traditional powder materials don’t have. This will help them be used more widely in the future. This article summarizes the synthesis methods of MOF films and outlines their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the properties of MOF films, further summarize their potential applications.
Boosting corrosion resistance of carbonyl iron via silicon encapsulation
Authors: Jiang Xianyu , Xie Jianliang , Zhang Linbo , Yin Liangjun , Deng Longjiang
Published: January 2024

Carbonyl iron is prone to electrochemical corrosion in environments such as salt spray, marine, or atmospheric conditions, leading to a decline in operational performance or even failure. In this study, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as raw materials, the silicon-encapsulated carbonyl iron composites were synthesized by dehydration condensation of silicon hydroxyl group of TEOS and terminal hydroxyl group of PDMS using a modified sol-gel method, aiming to bolster their corrosion resistance properties. The results of electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the CI@SiO2@PDMS composite exhibits excellent corrosion resistance. The corrosion potential is shifted in a positive direction to -0.11, accompanied by a significant reduction in the corrosion current by three orders of magnitude, down to 3 × 107. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance modulus reaches a value of 1.3 × 105 Ω cm2, a magnitude that is nearly three orders of magnitude superior to that exhibited by the original iron powder. Additionally, the contact angle test reveals that the composite material possesses favorable hydrophobic properties. Therefore, the improved corrosion resistance observed in the composites can be ascribed to the inhibitory barrier effect of the modified layer and the hydrophobicity, which hinder the approach of corrosive ions.
Fluorescent contactless method for temperature determination of YAl3(BO3)4 crystals doped with Yb3+ ions
Authors: Shcherbinin Dmitrii , Sidelnikov Vladislav , Rudyi Semyon , Rybin Vadim , Ivanov Andrei
Published: January 2024

Here we present an experimental implementation of the fluorescence concatless method for the temperature determination of YAl3(BO3)4 crystals doped with Yb3+ ions. We have investigated the anti-Stokes fluorescence spectra of the crystal in the 900-1020 nm spectral range. The spectra have been measured while heating the crystal in the temperature range from 290 to 573 K. The increase of crystal temperature results in an enhancement of the relative fluorescence intensity in the short-wavelength region. The linear dependencies obtained can be used as a calibration function for contactless temperature measurements of YAl3(BO3)4 laser crystals doped with Yb3+ ions.
Study on the effect of reactive diluents on exothermic UV curable and coating films properties
Authors: Wu Ling , Zhang Yingqiang
Published: January 2024

The influence of reactive diluents on the exothermic effect in the curing of ultraviolet coatings were examined, and their effects on the adhesion, gloss, anti-friction, flexibility, and water contact angle of ultraviolet coating films were analyzed in depth. The results showed that the screening of suitable reactive diluents was beneficial to balance the multiple properties of ultraviolet coatings. Among the reactive diluents examined, the samples prepared with monofunctional reactive diluents had higher curing exothermicity. The Ultraviolet coating films prepared with LuCure645 and HPMA had better adhesion. The ultraviolet-cured films prepared with monofunctional reactive diluents all had better flexibility, while the ultraviolet-cured films prepared with bifunctional reactive diluents had better anti-friction.
Effect of nickel doping concentration on the morphological and structural properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Supardan Siti Nurbaya , Sa’ari Nor Syazwana , Kamil Suraya Ahmad , Rafaie Hartini Ahmad , Fadzil Aida Fazliza Mat , Fauzi Roslinda , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop , Noor Nurul Huda Mohd
Published: January 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used as a photocatalyst due to its advantages of low cost, photostability, strong oxidation capability, and high resistance to chemical and environmental sustainability. However, TiO2 has drawbacks of a wide band gap and fast recombination of electron-hole pairs which reduces its photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, doping TiO2 with metal ions can be considered to overcome these issues. In this study, Ni-doped TiO2 with different doping concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) have been successfully prepared by the sol-gel method. All samples were characterized using field emissions scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The surface morphology of all samples examined by FESEM showed an agglomeration of spherical shape. In addition, EDX confirms the presence of Ti and O atoms in undoped TiO2 sample and the presence of Ni atoms in Ni-doped TiO2 samples. XRD analysis showed the structural phase of anatase was observed in all samples. The crystallite size of TiO2 decreased significantly from 16.058 nm to 14.926 nm when it was doped with 5 wt% of Ni. The specific surface area (SSA) is indirectly proportional to the crystallite size with the highest value of SSA found to be 95.032 m2.g−1 for 5wt% Ni doping. FTIR presents Ti-O-Ti and OH bonds with a small shift to higher wavenumbers. These results indicated that Ni has significant influences on the morphological and structural properties of TiO2 with the optimum doping concentration of 5 wt%.
Kinematics, dynamics and control of stiffness-tunable soft robots
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Xu Linsen , Sui Xiang , Wu Tao , Chen Gen
Published: January 2024

Modeling and control methods for stiffness-tunable soft robots (STSRs) have received less attention compared to standard soft robots. A major challenge in controlling STSRs is their infinite degrees of freedom, similar to standard soft robots. In this paper, demonstrate a novel STSR by combing a soft-rigid hybrid spine-mimicking actuator with a stiffness-tunable module. Additionally, we introduce a new kinematic and dynamic modeling methodology for the proposed STSR. Based on the STSR characteristics, we model it as a series of PRP segments, each composed of two prismatic joints(P) and one revolute joint(R). This method is simpler, more generalizable, and more computationally efficient than existing approaches. We also design a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) controller that directly adjusts the pressure of the STSR’s three pneumatic chambers to precisely control its posture. Both the novel modeling methodology and MIMO control system are implemented and validated on the proposed STSR prototype.
Biomimetic mineralization of platelet lysate/oxidized dextran cryogel as a macroporous 3D composite scaffold for bone repair
Authors: Şeker Şükran , Aral Dilara , Elçin Ayşe Eser , Yaşar Murat Elçin
Published: January 2024

Scaffold development approaches using autologous sources for tissue repair are of great importance in obtaining bio-active/-compatible constructs. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing various growth factors and platelet lysate (PL) derived from PRP are autologous products that have the potential to accelerate the tissue repair response by inducing a transient inflammatory event. Considering the regenerative capacity of PRP and PL, PRP/PL-based scaffolds are thought to hold great promise for tissue engineering as a natural source of autologous growth factors and a provider of mechanical support for cells. Here, a bio-mineralized PRP-based scaffold was developed using oxidized dextran (OD) and evaluated for future application in bone tissue engineering. Prepared PL/OD scaffolds were incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7, 14 and 21 d periods. Mineralized PL/OD scaffolds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, porosity and compression tests. SEM and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed mineral accumulation on the PL/OD scaffold as a result of SBF incubation. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vitro hemolysis tests revealed that the scaffolds were non-toxic and hemocompatible. Additionally, human osteoblasts (hOBs) exhibited good attachment and spreading behavior on the scaffolds and maintained their viability throughout the culture period. The alkaline phosphatase activity assay and calcium release results revealed that PL/OD scaffolds preserved the osteogenic properties of hOBs. Overall, findings suggest that mineralized PL/OD scaffold may be a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
Self-assembled coating with a metal-polyphenolic network for intraocular lens modification to prevent posterior capsule opacification
Authors: Wang Yunqing , Wen Chan , Jing Ruihua , Yang Yunfei , Qin Yazhou , Qi Tiantian , Hu Conghui , Bai Xinshan , Wu Changrui , Pei Cheng
Published: January 2024

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a main complication after cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation and is attributed to residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) migrating to the IOL surface and posterior capsules. IOL surface modification has been a newly-developing research filed in recent years; however, the applicability and economical acquisition of modified materials remain unsolved. In this study, we first applied a metal-polyphenolic network coating with a self-assembly technique on the IOL surface by using tannic acid (TA) combined with AlCl3, which are easily acquire and applying on the IOL surface to solve the IOL transmittance affair. Using wound healing and Transwell assay to verify AZD0364 inhibits cell migration (
P
< 0.05), the lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammation model to verify pterostilbene (PTE) inhibits the inflammatory reaction (
P
< 0.01). By optimizes its self-assembly coating parameters and calculating its drug release kinetics, we successfully loaded these two drugs on the coating, named TA (AZD0364/PTE) IOL. Its surface morphology characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectrometer and water contact angle. The optical performance was carefully investigated by optical instruments and equipment (n= 3). The in vitro results showed that TA (AZD0364/PTE) IOL can significantly inhibit cell adhesion and acute inflammation (n= 3,
P
< 0.0001). Importantly, after in vivo implantation for 28 d with eight rabbits PCO models in two groups, the TA (AZD0364/PTE) IOL group maintained clear refracting media and decreased the inflammatory reaction compared with the original IOL group (
P
< 0.05). This study provides a new applicable and economical strategy for preventing PCO and offers a reference for the next generation of IOLs that benefit cataract patients.
Heatwave reveals potential for enhanced aerosol formation in Siberian boreal forest
Authors: Garmash Olga , Ezhova Ekaterina , Arshinov Mikhail , Belan Boris , Lampilahti Anastasiia , Davydov Denis , Räty Meri , Aliaga Diego , Baalbaki Rima , Chan Tommy , Bianchi Federico , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku
Published: January 2024

Siberia is covered by 6 million km2 of forest, which moderates climate as a carbon sink and a source of aerosol particles causing negative radiative effect. Aerosol particles in boreal forests frequently form via gas-to-particle conversion, known as new particle formation (NPF). Compared to boreal sites at similar latitudes, NPF was reported to occur less often in the Siberian forest. However, factors controlling NPF in Siberia remain unknown. Our results suggest that the combination of biogenic and anthropogenic contributions caused unexpectedly high monthly NPF frequency (50%) at the observatory Fonovaya in the West Siberian taiga during the Siberian 2020 heatwave. High frequency was due to early spring photosynthetic recovery, which boosted biogenic emissions into polluted air masses carrying SO2. After mid-April, high temperatures and cleaner air masses led to less frequent (15%) and less intense NPF despite the increased emissions of natural organic vapors and ammonia. Furthermore, the contrast between the two spring periods was seen in cluster composition, particle-forming vapors (two times difference in sulfuric acid concentration), particle formation (J
3, 2.2 and 0.4 cm−3 s−1) and growth rates (GR2−3, 1.7 and 0.6 nm h−1). Given the strong warming trend, our results suggest that within 25‒30 years, the monthly NPF frequency during early spring in the West Siberian taiga can reach 40%–60%, as in the European boreal sites.
Livestock increasingly drove global agricultural emissions growth from 1910–2015
Authors: Gingrich Simone , Theurl Michaela , Erb Karl-Heinz , Noë Julia Le , Magerl Andreas , Bauernschuster Sonja , Krausmann Fridolin , Lauk Christian
Published: January 2024

Emissions from agricultural activities constitute 11% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are hard to abate. Here, we present and analyze a consistent empirical assessment of global emissions from agricultural activities from 1910–2015. Agricultural emissions increased 3.5-fold from 1910–2015, from 1.9 to 6.7 GtCO2eq yr−1. CH4 emissions, emissions from enteric fermentation and from livestock products contributed the highest fractions of emissions by gases, processes, and products, respectively. A decomposition analysis quantifies the contribution of major drivers of agricultural emissions dynamics. It reveals that globally and across the entire period, changes in population, agricultural production per capita (‘output’), regional distribution of production (‘regional mix’), and composition of final products (‘product mix’, i.e. a shift towards livestock production) all contributed to increasing agricultural emissions. Conversely, declining emissions per unit of production (‘emissions intensity’), particularly for livestock, partly counterbalanced the emissions increase. Significant variations prevail across regions and time periods. Most notably, the composition of final products counteracted agricultural emissions increase from 1910–1950, but growing livestock production has become an increasingly important driver of emissions growth in more recent periods. This finding unravels that increases in livestock production offset the improvements in emissions intensity of industrial agricultural intensification. Our findings underscore the large potential of reducing livestock production and consumption for mitigating the climate impacts of agriculture.
Synoptic conditions conducive for compound wind-flood events in Great Britain in present and future climates
Authors: Bloomfield H C , Bates P , Shaffrey L C , Hillier J , Champion A , Cotterill D , Pope J O , Kumar D
Published: January 2024

Extreme wind is the main driver of loss in North-West Europe, with flooding being the second-highest driver. These hazards are currently modelled independently, and it is unclear what the contribution of their co-occurrence is to loss. They are often associated with extra-tropical cyclones, with studies focusing on co-occurrence of extreme meteorological variables. However, there has not been a systematic assessment of the meteorological drivers of the co-occurring impacts of compound wind-flood events. This study quantifies this using an established storm severity index (SSI) and recently developed flood severity index (FSI), applied to the UKCP18 12 km regional climate simulations, and a Great Britain (GB) focused hydrological model. The meteorological drivers are assessed using 30 weather types, which are designed to capture a broad spectrum of GB weather. Daily extreme compound events (exceeding 99th percentile of both SSI and FSI) are generally associated with cyclonic weather patterns, often from the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) and Northwesterly classifications. Extreme compound events happen in a larger variety of weather patterns in a future climate. The location of extreme precipitation events shifts southward towards regions of increased exposure. The risk of extreme compound events increases almost four-fold in the UKCP18 simulations (from 14 events in the historical period, to 55 events in the future period). It is also more likely for there to be multi-day compound events. At seasonal timescales years tend to be either flood-prone or wind-damage-prone. In a future climate there is a larger proportion of years experiencing extreme seasonal SSI and FSI totals. This could lead to increases in reinsurance losses if not factored into current modelling.
Flux-conserving directed percolation
Authors: Cucurull Barto , Huber Greg , Kawagoe Kyle , Pradas Marc , Pumir Alain , Wilkinson Michael
Published: January 2024

We discuss a model for directed percolation in which the flux of material along each bond is a dynamical variable. The model includes a physically significant limiting case where the total flux of material is conserved. We show that the distribution of fluxes is asymptotic to a power law at small fluxes. We give an implicit equation for the exponent, in terms of probabilities characterising site occupations. In one dimension the site occupations are exactly independent, and the model is exactly solvable. In two dimensions, the independent-occupation assumption gives a good approximation. We explore the relationship between this model and traditional models for directed percolation.
The sweet tabaiba or there and back again: phylogeographical history of the Macaronesian Euphorbia balsamifera
Authors: Rincón-Barrado Mario , Villaverde Tamara , Perez Manolo F , Sanmartín Isabel , Riina Ricarda
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Biogeographical relationships between the Canary Islands and north-west Africa are often explained by oceanic dispersal and geographical proximity. Sister-group relationships between Canarian and eastern African/Arabian taxa, the ‘Rand Flora’ pattern, are rare among plants and have been attributed to the extinction of north-western African populations. Euphorbia balsamifera is the only representative species of this pattern that is distributed in the Canary Islands and north-west Africa; it is also one of few species present in all seven islands. Previous studies placed African populations of E. balsamifera as sister to the Canarian populations, but this relationship was based on herbarium samples with highly degraded DNA. Here, we test the extinction hypothesis by sampling new continental populations; we also expand the Canarian sampling to examine the dynamics of island colonization and diversification.

Methods

Using target enrichment with genome skimming, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within E. balsamifera and between this species and its disjunct relatives. A single nucleotide polymorphism dataset obtained from the target sequences was used to infer population genetic diversity patterns. We used convolutional neural networks to discriminate among alternative Canary Islands colonization scenarios.

Key Results

The results confirmed the Rand Flora sister-group relationship between western E. balsamifera and Euphorbia adenensis in the Eritreo-Arabian region and recovered an eastern–western geographical structure among E. balsamifera Canarian populations. Convolutional neural networks supported a scenario of east-to-west island colonization, followed by population extinctions in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura and recolonization from Tenerife and Gran Canaria; a signal of admixture between the eastern island and north-west African populations was recovered.

Conclusions

Our findings support the Surfing Syngameon Hypothesis for the colonization of the Canary Islands by E. balsamifera, but also a recent back-colonization to the continent. Populations of E. balsamifera from northwest Africa are not the remnants of an ancestral continental stock, but originated from migration events from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. This is further evidence that oceanic archipelagos are not a sink for biodiversity, but may be a source of new genetic variability.
Two Cases of Viral Re-suppression After M184V + R263K Selection on Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Without Treatment Modification
Authors: Ursenbach Axel , Ruch Yvon , Hoellinger Baptiste , Fuchs Anne , Caspar Stéphanie , Jegou Frédérick , Rey David , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Mesplède Thibault , Gantner Pierre
Published: January 2024

Dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) has a high genetic barrier against the development of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance. We report 2 cases of R263K + M184V mutations during DTG/3TC failure followed by viral suppression after adherence intervention without treatment change that we attribute to residual drug activity, reduced viral fitness, and robust immune competence.
Cardiovascular multimodality imaging in women: a scientific statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Almeida Ana G , Grapsa Julia , Gimelli Alessia , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Gerber Bernhard , Ajmone-Marsan Nina , Bernard Anne , Donal Erwan , Dweck Marc R , Haugaa Kristina H , Hristova Krassimira , Maceira Alicia , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Mulvagh Sharon , Morrone Doralisa , Plonska-Gosciniak Edyta , Sade Leyla Elif , Shivalkar Bharati , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Shaw Leslee , Sitges Marta , von Kemp Berlinde , Pinto Fausto J , Edvardsen Thor , Petersen Steffen E , Cosyns Bernard ,   Reviewers: This document was reviewed by members of the 2022–2024 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee, Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Stankovic Ivan , Antonopoulos Alexios , Benedek Theodora , Bertrand Philippe , Bohbot Yohann , Cikes Maja , Dweck Marc , Garg Pankaj , Keenan Niall , Petrescu Aniela Monica , Ricci Fabrizio , Rossi Alexia , Szabo Liliana , Uusitalo Valtteri
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent an important cause of mortality and morbidity in women. It is now recognized that there are sex differences regarding the prevalence and the clinical significance of the traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors as well as the pathology underlying a range of CVDs. Unfortunately, women have been under-represented in most CVD imaging studies and trials regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. There is therefore a clear need for further investigation of how CVD affects women along their life span. Multimodality CV imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of CVD in women as well as in prognosis, decision-making, and monitoring of therapeutics and interventions. However, multimodality imaging in women requires specific consideration given the differences in CVD between the sexes. These differences relate to physiological changes that only women experience (e.g. pregnancy and menopause) as well as variation in the underlying pathophysiology of CVD and also differences in the prevalence of certain conditions such as connective tissue disorders, Takotsubo, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection, which are all more common in women. This scientific statement on CV multimodality in women, an initiative of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology, reviews the role of multimodality CV imaging in the diagnosis, management, and risk stratification of CVD, as well as highlights important gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation.
On the Importance of Social Status for Occupational Sorting
Authors: Gola Paweł
Published: January 2024

Models of self-selection predict that occupations with flat wage schedules attract workers of lower average ability. However, in certain prominent occupations such as academia and the civil service, wages are flat yet the average skill level is high. In this paper, I examine whether social status concerns can explain this puzzle. I find that within-occupation status allows flat wage occupations to attract predominantly high-skilled workers, but only at the cost of attracting few workers overall. If, however, workers care about both within- and between-occupation status then occupations paying flat wages can be arbitrarily large and attract workers of high average skill. I conclude that within- and between-occupation status concerns act as complements.
Upstream cascade reservoirs drive temporal beta diversity increases through species loss in a dammed river
Authors: Guimarães Durán Carolina Leite , Lansac-Tôha Fernando Miranda , Meira Bianca Ramos , Santana Loiani Oliveira , Oliveira Felipe Rafael , Matos Matheus Henrique de Oliveira , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado
Published: January 2024

Changes in the biodiversity of aquatic environments over time and space due to human activities are a topic of theoretical and conservational interest in ecology. Thus, variation in taxonomic beta diversity of the planktonic ciliates community was investigated along a temporal and spatial gradient in two subsystems of a Neotropical floodplain, one impacted by dams (Paraná) and the other free of them along its course (Ivinhema). For the spatial analysis, the Paraná subsystem did not show a significant decrease in beta diversity, presenting a pattern like that observed for the Ivinhema subsystem. Therefore, biotic homogenization was not observed for the ciliate's community downstream of the dams. It was noted that there was a fluctuation in the relevance of the components of beta diversity, regardless of the subsystem analyzed. For the temporal analysis there was a significant change in species composition from the first to the last year investigated, essentially for the subsystem impacted by dams, and that this was determined mainly by species loss. Although spatial beta diversity remained high without a clear process of biotic homogenization, dams promoted remarkable changes in ciliate species composition over the years mainly by continuous loss of species.
Assessing the metabolism, phylogenomic, and taxonomic classification of the halophilic genus Halarchaeum
Authors: Wang Shuang , Narsing Rao Manik Prabhu , Quadri Syed Raziuddin
Published: January 2024

In this study, a genomic approach was employed to evaluate the metabolic potentials and taxonomic classification of the halophilic genus Halarchaeum. Genomic analysis revealed that Halarchaeum members exhibit a predilection for amino acids as their primary energy source in high-salinity environments over carbohydrates. Genome analysis unveiled the presence of crucial genes associated with metabolic pathways, including the Embden–Meyerhof pathway, semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway, and the urea cycle. Furthermore, the genomic analysis indicated that Halarchaeum members employ diverse mechanisms for osmotic regulation (encompassing both salt-in and salt-out strategies). Halarchaeum members also encode genes to alleviate acid and heat stress. The average nucleotide identity value between Halarchaeum solikamskense and Halarchaeum nitratireducens exceeded the established threshold (95%–96%) for defining distinct species. This high similarity suggests a close relationship between these two species, prompting the proposal to reclassify Halarchaeum solikamskense as a heterotypic synonym of Halarchaeum nitratireducens. The results of this study contribute to our knowledge of taxonomic classification and shed light on the adaptive strategies employed by Halarchaeum species in their specific ecological niches.
NATO's new front: deterrence moves eastward
Authors: Mälksoo Maria
Published: January 2024

Why has NATO taken so long in adapting its deterrence strategy to Russian revisionism and extending its military presence to the eastern allies? The setting up of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in Poland and the Baltic states offers a critical case for examining the changing understandings of allied deterrence in the post-post-Cold War era. eFP is a story of negotiating the political acceptability and military credibility of NATO's modern extended deterrence strategy in the exposed eastern flank, and the navigation of the alliance security dilemma in relation to Russia while buttressing the eastern allies' physical and NATO's ontological security. This article traces NATO's extended conventional deterrence posture in the eastern flank from the adoption of the tripwire model shortly after Russia's annexation of Crimea to the commitment to defend ‘every inch of Allied territory’ via embracing the forward defence stance in 2022. Mapping the evolutionary curve of NATO's post-enlargement politics of deterrence through documentary analysis and interviews with diplomats and military representatives in NATO headquarters and national capitals, the article makes two contributions. Conceptually, it dissects the political rationalities and historical analogies underpinning contemporary allied deterrence strategy and posture in NATO's eastern frontline. Empirically, the study illustrates how allied deterrence is made to matter on the ground, and why this matters for deterrence credibility.
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area
Authors: Rothermel Ella R , O'Brien Michael H P , Best Jessica E , Fox Dewayne A , Gahagan Benjamin I , Higgs Amanda L , Park Ian A , Wippelhauser Gail , Secor David H
Published: January 2024

Offshore wind energy development, including along the US Atlantic coast, frequently occurs within important multispecies migration corridors; however, assessing the regional factors influencing the local Eulerian occurrence of these species poses a significant challenge. We used generalized models incorporating lagged variables and hierarchical formulations to account for temporal dependencies and hierarchical structure that occur outside the narrower frame of a sampled project area. Acoustically tagged striped bass, the most frequently detected species regionally, were sampled using a gridded acoustic telemetry array in the Maryland Wind Energy Area of the US Mid-Atlantic Bight. The daily occurrence of striped bass was better explained by broad-scale sea surface temperature warming patterns than by local concurrent environmental conditions, demonstrating the importance of drivers that occur across the wider spatial scales of migration. Weekly residency patterns were similar between tagging origin groups, suggesting that Chesapeake Bay, Hudson River, Delaware Bay, and other Northwest Atlantic populations migrate synchronously through the Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight and are similarly influenced by sea surface temperature. Our study demonstrates that adapting an Eulerian approach to include lagged variables can improve regional assessments of fish on the move until richer Lagrangian insights become possible through future coordination of telemetry arrays throughout the Mid-Atlantic flyway.
Instability mechanism of overlying strata in a shallow interval goaf and structural model of the “W-shaped voussoir beam”
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Jie , Lin Haifei , Duan Jiangfei , Li Guangliang , Zhuo Qingsong , Wu Jianjun , He Yifeng , Gao Shoushi
Published: January 2024

To study the failure mechanism of overlying strata (OS) in shallow insufficient mining areas, with a combination of such research approaches as field investigation, theoretical analysis, similarity simulation, and numerical simulation, this paper studies the temporal and spatial evolution of the failure mechanism of overlying stratum structure in a shallow-buried interval goaf. The results show that the creep failure of temporary coal pillar (TCP) in the interval goaf is a primary reason for the failure of the basic roof. With the failure of the basic roof, stress arches in the OS of the mining section become unstable, which expands the damage range of the overlying strata. Consequently, adjacent stress arches overlap with each other, forming a “trapezoidal–semi-elliptical arch” collapse shape. Thick soil layers gradually collapse to the ground surface, and the OS collapse as a whole into a trapezoid-like shape. Rotary failure appears in the basic roof of mining section, forming a W-shaped voussoir beam hinge structure. In this study, a structural model of a W-shaped voussoir beam in the OS is established, and the mechanical characteristics of rock blocks in the basic roof of overlying strata during different mining stages of the interval goaf are analyzed. Also, with a discrete element UDEC program, this study performs a simulation to verify the rationality of the W-shaped voussoir beam structural model of overlying stratum movement in the shallowly buried interval mining section.
William Wilberforce
Authors: Coffey John , Harrington Anna
Published: January 2024

Born to a merchant family in England’s east coast port of Kingston-upon-Hull, William Wilberforce (b. 1759–d. 1833) went on to become the most famous of British abolitionists. Educated at Cambridge University in the late 1770s (during the American War of Independence), he became a member of parliament (MP) for his hometown in 1780 at the age of twenty-one. He struck up a close personal friendship with a Cambridge contemporary, William Pitt, son of “Pitt the Elder,” and after “Pitt the Younger” became prime minister in 1783, Wilberforce was elected as an MP for Yorkshire, England’s largest county constituency, a seat he held until 1812. The key turning point in his career came in 1785–1786, when he experienced a protracted evangelical conversion and was drawn into a circle of Anglican reformers opposed to the slave trade. They included the Teston Set gathered around the Reverend James Ramsay, as well as the former slave ship captain, the Reverend John Newton, author of the hymn “Amazing Grace.” Wilberforce discovered “two great objects: the suppression of the slave trade and the reformation of manners [i.e. morals].” He became the parliamentary spokesman of the abolitionists, giving his first great speech on the Atlantic slave trade in 1789, though his many attempts to secure abolition failed until it became an official government measure in 1806–1807, after Pitt’s death. During this time, he assembled an inner circle of brilliant collaborators, including Henry Thornton, James Stephen, and Zachary Macaulay. Their influence was seen in different parts of the Atlantic world, from Sierra Leone to the British Caribbean and even Haiti, although they were thwarted in their efforts to secure an international ban on the Atlantic slave trade and amelioration of West Indian slavery. They did, however, create a plethora of philanthropic and evangelical organizations, forging a religious public that could be mobilized in massive petitioning campaigns. In 1823, Wilberforce was a founder of the Anti-Slavery Society, although he passed on the parliamentary leadership of the campaign to Thomas Fowell Buxton. He retired from Parliament in 1825, after forty-five years as an MP. Since 1807, or even 1789, he had been a national icon, but a controversial figure too, mocked for his strait-laced piety, excoriated for his abolitionism, and criticized for his domestic political conservatism. He died in July 1833, as the Slavery Abolition Bill was passing through Parliament. As a result of that happy coincidence, he became known, rather misleadingly, as “the emancipator.”
Walter Benjamin
Authors: Hermant Jacob
Published: January 2024

Born on 15 July 1892, Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German-Jewish philosopher, cultural-literary critic, and political theorist. Living through the First World War, the Weimar Republic, and the rise of Nazism, Benjamin lived primarily in Berlin and Paris, and died of suicide on the French-Spanish border on 27 September 1940 when, with the group of refugees with whom he was escaping, border authorities denied him entry into Spain. Benjamin’s writings are interdisciplinary in nature, covering literature, aesthetics, theology, material culture, film, and many more wide-ranging fields. He is most often thought of in relation to critical theory, especially due to his affiliation with figures of the Institute for Social Research, commonly known as the Frankfurt School, who were most influenced by Freud, Hegel, and Marx. His most well-read essays are common inclusions in anthologies of critical theory, and he was heavily influenced by literary modernism and Marxist politics, especially by way of the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht. However, among Benjamin’s many interests and commitments, Judaism is an early influence that remains throughout his writings, most notably at the very beginning and end of his philosophical career. Benjamin’s lifelong friendship with Gershom Scholem, the preeminent scholar and historian of Jewish mysticism, highlights this attraction to Jewish readings of language, translation, history, and politics. Not all of Benjamin’s work deals specifically with Judaism, and it is sometimes present as a secondary, even tertiary level of analysis and contemporary reception. For this reason, along with Benjamin’s interdisciplinary, eclectic, and broad range of interests and the esoteric nature of his writing, sources both from and about Benjamin can require critical work to uncover the Jewish core of many of these texts. The following citations include books and articles explicitly taking up Benjamin and Judaism, but it is equally common for Benjamin’s Judaism to appear in short bursts or flashes in relevant texts, appropriately in the spirit of his conception of messianic time. Part of the exciting aspect of welcoming Benjamin to a prominent location in Jewish studies is that oftentimes some work must be done to bring out this necessary and major part of his philosophical development; this work leads to a more complete understanding of Benjamin, and of the ebbs and flows of 20th-century Jewish thought.