bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of optimal portfolio compositions for Gaussian returns
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Schmid Wolfgang
Published: April 2009

We consider the expected return and the variance of the expected quadratic utility portfolio and the tangency portfolio. The expected returns on the individual assets and their covariance matrix are estimated by the sample mean and the sample covariance matrix. Replacing the unknown parameters by these estimators in the portfolio characteristics estimators of the expected portfolio return and the portfolio variance are obtained.

In this paper we calculate the densities of these estimators assuming independent and multivariate normally distributed returns. Because the densities can be computed by using standard mathematical software packages these representations are very useful. These results can be applied to construct tests and confidence intervals for the parameters of the efficient frontier.
On nonparametric estimation of the regression function under random censorship model
Authors: Guessoum Zohra , Ould-Said Elias
Published: April 2009

In this paper, we study the behavior of a kernel estimator for the regression function in a random right-censoring model. We establish pointwise and uniform strong consistency over a compact set and give a rate of convergence for the estimate.The asymptotic normality of the estimate is also proved. Simulations are drawn for different cases to illustrate both, convergence and asymptotic normality.
A Bayesian approach to incorporate model ambiguity in a dynamic risk measure
Authors: Bäuerle Nicole , Mundt André
Published: April 2009

In this paper we consider an explicit dynamic risk measure for discrete-time payment processes which have a Markovian structure. The risk measure is essentially a sum of conditional Average Value-at-Risks. Analogous to the static Average Value-at-Risk, this risk measures can be reformulated in terms of the value functions of a dynamic optimization problem, namely a so-called Markov decision problem. This observation gives a nice recursive computation formula. Afterwards, the definition of the dynamic risk measure is generalized to a setting with incomplete information about the risk distribution which can be seen as model ambiguity. We choose a parametric approach here. The dynamic risk measure is again defined as the sum of conditional Average Value-at-Risks or equivalently is the solution of a Bayesian decision problem. Finally, it is possible to discuss the effect of model ambiguity on the risk measure: Surprisingly, it may be the case that the risk decreases when additional “risk” due to parameter uncertainty shows up. All investigations are illustrated by a simple but useful coin tossing game proposed by Artzner and by the classical Cox–Ross–Rubinstein model.
Compliance with and response to hepatitis B vaccination in remaining quilombo communities in Central Brazil
Authors: Motta-Castro Ana Rita C. , Gomes Selma A. , Yoshida Clara F. T. , Miguel Juliana C. , Teles Sheila A. , Martins Regina M. B.
Published: April 2009

Compliance with and responses to the hepatitis B vaccine were evaluated in remaining quilombo communities in Central Brazil. A total of 708 individuals who were susceptible to hepatitis B virus infection were invited to participate in the hepatitis B vaccination program in eight communities. Although 567 (80%) individuals received the first dose, only 198 (28%) complied with the full vaccination scheme. Of 148 subjects who agreed to be tested for anti-HBs, 123 (83.1%; 95%CI: 75.9-88.6) responded to the vaccine. A geometric mean titer of 512mIU/mL (95%CI: 342.5-765.3) was found. Male sex and older age were independently associated with non-response. Additional health education programs and alternative hepatitis B vaccine schedules are needed to improve the vaccination coverage in these communities in Central Brazil.
The relationship between dental anxiety and dental pain in children aged 18 to 59 months: a study in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Michelle Marie T. , Colares Viviane
Published: April 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety and pain related to dental treatment in children under the age of five years. This cross sectional study was carried out with 2,735 children of both sexes. Socioeconomic data, dental anxiety and dental pain experience, as well as the assessment of the child's oral health status, were obtained through a questionnaire answered by the child's parent or guardian. Dental anxiety was measured using the Dental Anxiety Question (DAQ). The prevalence of dental anxiety was 34.7% and that of dental pain was 9.1%. There was an association between these two variables (p < 0.0001). There was also an association between dental pain, age, family income and assessment of oral health status. The poorest rating of the child's oral health and the lowest family income were correlated with the highest percentages of a history of dental pain. Dental anxiety was related to a history of dental pain in children under the age of five years.
Regionalização dos serviços de saúde: desafios para o caso de Angola
Authors: Oliveira Miguel dos Santos de , Artmann Elizabeth
Published: April 2009

Este artigo apresenta a situação da saúde de Angola no período 2000-2007, discute a regionalização do sistema de saúde como importante instrumento para a melhoria tanto do acesso aos serviços de saúde daquele país, quanto da utilização destes, e aponta condições e desafios para a sua implementação. O artigo se apóia numa revisão bibliográfica de: (a) autores brasileiros, considerando-se que, no Brasil, ainda decorre a reforma sanitária com vasta produção bibliográfica sobre a temática; (b) autores africanos, ou com estudos sobre a África, e internacionais, em vista da necessidade de se analisarem experiências regionais e mundiais relativas ao assunto e (c) estudos e recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre a descentralização/regionalização em saúde. Ficou demonstrada a necessidade de reformas no sistema de saúde de Angola, o qual apresenta enormes deficiências de estruturação e funcionamento, o que leva à baixa resolubilidade dos seus serviços. A regionalização foi considerada como uma importante estratégia para reestruturação do sistema de saúde, ao lado de outras que não são foco principal deste estudo. A avaliação do seu impacto só poderá ser feita a longo prazo.
The need for adequate quality assurance/quality control measures for selenium larval deformity assessments: Implications for tissue residue guidelines
Authors: McDonald Blair G , Chapman Peter M
Published: April 2009

Assessing the frequency and severity of larval fish deformities is a subjective exercise that is subject to considerable parameter uncertainty unless appropriate quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) measures are incorporated. This issue has received limited attention in the literature. Only one study was identified that contained adequate data to evaluate the reproducibility of larval deformity data. Parameter uncertainty was substantially larger than expected. There was poor reproducibility between observers for nearly all types and magnitudes of deformities, and there were particularly large differences in how mild deformities were assessed. The reproducibility of the edema endpoint was the poorest of the 4 types of deformity evaluated. Specific recommendations for improving the QA/QC aspects of larval deformity assessments include blind and nonsequential labeling; explicit effort on the development and application of an a priori framework; internal QC checks to quantify the influence of sample preservatives, observer drift, or multiple observers; and an external QC check of a minimum of 10% of all larval fish. Future selenium reproductive studies should include an explicit uncertainty analysis and disclose raw deformity data to facilitate recalculation of tissue residue guidelines as the science in this area advances.
Activity of lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase in the circulation of patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Bogdanovic Visnja , Tursijan Slavica , Djordjevic Milan , Nikolic Aleksandra , Mrdjanovic Jasminka , Jakimov Dimitar , Trajkovic Vesna , Bogdanovic Gordana , Ivkovic-Kapicl Tatjana , Dugandzija Tihomir
Published: April 2009

Background: A rapid increase in the turnover of malignant cells modulates the enzymes level in circulation and may be a prognostic sign of disease progression. We evaluated the activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes of breast cancer patients immediately after surgery and before adjuvant therapy. Methods: Fourteen newly operated breast cancer patients were included in the study. Lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activity were estimated using standard tests for evaluation of enzyme activity. Results: Activity of lactate dehydrogenase was in normal range in all but one sample obtained from patient at clinical status IIIB. Superoxide dismutase activity was elevated in 11 out of 14 patients, and was 2 to 8 fold higher compare to control values. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase was found in samples of two patients at clinical status I. Conclusion: Determination of lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activity might be useful in clinical follow up of breast cancer patients.
Fullerenol: A new nanopharmaceutic?
Authors: Djordjevic Aleksandar , Bogdanovic Gordana
Published: April 2009

Chemical modification of fullerenes to hydrosoluble cluster molecules made fullerenes interesting for biological investigation. Among them, polycarbonated and polyhydroxylated fullerene C60 derivatives showed the most interesting biological activities. In this paper, we present the most important recent results of in vitro and in vivo biological studies with fullerenol C60(OH)24. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 was strong antioxidant: it reacted with superoxide anion radical, hydroxy radical and nitrous oxide radical in chemical and biological systems. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 did not inhibit human breast cancer cell growth at concentrations from 0.8 to 3.45 ?M, but strongly modulated cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and cis-platinum after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. Radioprotective effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 were shown in different in vitro and in vivo models. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 (100 mg/kg) protected rat heart from doxorubicin toxicity. Biodistribution studies of fulelrenol were also investigated. Accumulating data from the literature and from our studies suggest that fullerenol, as a nanoparticle might be a new promising pharmaceutical in the near future.
In vitro assays for cell death determination
Authors: Jurisic Vladimir , Bumbasirevic Vladimir
Published: April 2009

In this paper, we focused on commonly used in vitro assays for estimation of cell death: morphological analyses of cell death, cytotoxic assays based on enzymes activity determination, flow cytometry, and western blot techniques. We discussed advantages and disadvantages of several assays used in the modern research for estimation of cell death.
Cyanotoxins: New health risk factor in Serbia
Authors: Jukovic Mirela , Svircev Zorica , Baltic Vladimir , Stojanovic Dejan , Mihajlovic Aleksandar , Baltic Milan
Published: April 2009

Cyanobacteria are responsible for poisoning numerous cases of livestock and other animals, but sometimes they induce serious problems in humans. Mass occurrence and blooms of cyanobacteria were studied in rivers, canals, lakes, and accu?mulations that had been examined in Serbia during period 1980-2002. Because of massive blooming of cyanobacteria, when they produce cyanotoxins, which could be responsible for poisoning, and damage of organs, studies are steered to better understanding cyanotoxins effects on human health. The investigation on microcystins, as one of many cyanotoxins, is increas?ing due to the related ecological and public health risks. There is evidence that microcystins have a tumor promoting activity and microcystin-LRcould be tumor initiator and possibly cancerogenic to humans. Epidemiological studies have suggested that there is connection between primary liver cancer (PLC) and microcystins, as one of risk factor for high incidence rate of PLC in Serbia.
Marked clinical and immunological response of MAGE-A3 peptides vaccination in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung case report: A case report
Authors: Hanagiri Takeshi , Takenoyama Mitsuhiro , Ichiki Yoshinobu , Tomoko So , Sugio Kenji , Yasumoto Kosei
Published: April 2009

A 56-year patient was diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the right lung and underwent lower lobectomy. Pleural dissemination was observed, and the pathological stage was T4N0M0. Systemic chemotherapy was performed with paclitaxel and vinorelbine after the surgery. Because multiple pulmonary and liver metastases were appeared 1 year after the surgery, the second line chemotherapy (CDDP and 5FU) was performed. The response of the chemotherapy was not observed, and thus the patient was enrolled in the clinical trial of MAGE-A3 peptide vaccine with OK-432. The peptide (300 mg) was injected subcutaneously at the upper thigh or upper arm a total of 6 times over 2 months (days 1, 8, 15, 22, 36, and 50) with OK432. During two courses of the vaccinations, the tumor markers (CA19-9 and CEA) decreased markedly. Furthermore, the tumor size of the lung and liver metastases decreased to 30% of their pre-treatment size. The delayed type hypersensitive reaction became positive after the first course of vaccinations. The precursor CTL for the peptide in the peripheral blood had increased after the vaccination. MAGE-A3 peptide vaccination with OK-432 has a potential to induce immunological response and clinical response in advanced lung cancer patients.
Acanthosis nigricans and the sign of leser-trelat associated with primary brain tumor: Case report
Authors: Stojanovic Slobodan , Jeremic Pavle , Poljacki Mirjana
Published: April 2009

The authors present a case of a female patient a 26-year old pensioner from Zmajevo, who developed skin changes in the neck region, armpits and groins, as well as in submammal folds during the 10 years period. The changes include dark-brown hyper?pigmentation associated with sudden eruption of a large number of benign skin tumors and dark-brown seborrheic keratosis on trunk and extremities. In 1998, after magnetic resonance imaging, primary brain tumor of astrocytoma type with low grade of malignity was discovered in thalamus region. The patient developed the above-mentioned skin changes since then. According to neurosurgical findings, the brain tumor is inoperable, so skin changes are persistent and stationary. Clinical changes correspond to paraneoplastic form of acanthosis nigricans. Numerous skin tumors histopathologically match seborrheic keratosis and reveal the clinical features of the sign of Leser-Trelat. It is interesting that in the same patient there are both, obligatory and optional, paraneoplastic dermatoses associated with malignant brain tumor.
Subject category oncology in journal citation reports 2000-2006: Analysis of impact factor distribution and publishing data
Authors: Filipi-Matutinovic Stela , Popovic Aleksandra , Antonic Sanja
Published: April 2009

Impact factor (IF) of journals is assumed an adequate measure of its importance in the scientific communication of a defined subject. It is important to have in mind that IF is varying very much in time. The range of IF for journals classified in the subject group ONCOLOGY is analyzed for the period 2000-2006. There are only seven of 127 journals in year 2006 which have IF higher than 10. The highest impact in the analyzed period has the journal CA-CANCERJ CLIN, varying from 24,674 to 63,342, but the important fact about that journal is that it publishes very small number of articles annually. The number of journals on the list also changed from 103 in 2000 to 127 in year 2006. Only one journal from the list is published in German and five are multilingual, all the rest are published in English language. Besides US (66), Great Britain (29), Holland (7), and Switzerland (6), all other 11 countries have few journals, mostly situated in the last part of the list ranked by IF. When choosing where to publish their results, scientists should consider all available facts about a journal - from its IF and the way it changes with time, to its openness, availability in libraries and on the WWW, possibility to keep author rights and put the article in an open access repository, where it will get more attention from authors that do not have access to that journal, etc.
Diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Jovanovic Milan
Published: April 2009

Diagnostical problems of laryngeal carcinoma Carcinoma of the larynx is still a prognostic serious disease associated with high mortality. Survival rates for these tumors vary and depend on the presence of early symptoms, anatomic accessibility and lymphatic supply. Despite advances in therapy and novel surgical and non-surgical approaches, early diagnosis remains the best predictor of survival. Strategy and novel diagnostical procedures This article reviews the diagnosis for laryngeal carcinoma in an effort to heighten the clinical and endoscopic recognition of these lesions, providing also global overview of clinical conventional and recent endoscopic diagnostic tools for squamous cell type of carcinoma of the larynx. Screening of asymptomatic individuals would detect tumors at an early enough stage to patients' benefit. Conclusion The progress in the elucidation of the molecular genetic changes in these tumors should soon bring novel diagnostic procedures into the clinical practice. The review highlights the important advances of endoscopic, radilogical and molecular methods in detection of the tumor which may help clinicians to diagnose tumors as early as possible. TNM staging, biopsy and histopathological grading remain the gold standard for diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma. A great number of novel endoscopical methods are only supplementary tools to microlaryngoscopy. Some of the most significant biological markers might be integrated with the evaluation of behavioral factors, clinical and histopathological examinations for a new clinicomolecular approach to laryngeal cancer.
Abdominal sacrocolpopexy in surgical treatment of complete vaginal vault prolapse after hysterectomy
Authors: Djurdjevic Srdjan , Vejnovic Tihomir , Curcic Aleksandar , Mladenovic-Segedi Ljiljana , Maksimovic Marko
Published: April 2009

Introduction The vaginal vault prolapse after hysterectomy is a complex disorder, which can be associated with the prolapse of anterior or posterior vaginal wall or cystorectocele. The exact incidence is unknown, and is within the range from 1 - 43% of operated patients. In order to achieve the complete surgical reconstruction of the pelvic floor disorder, a surgeon must have good knowledge of normal anatomic relations of pelvic organs. Material and methods Twenty-nine women with the vaginal vault prolapse after hysterectomy were operated at Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Novi Sad during the period from 1995 - 2007. After standard preoperative procedures, positioning of the patient and inferior medial abdominal incision, the supportive graft made of non-resorptive materials was fixed to the vaginal fornix and sacral periost from the promontory to the level of S 3-4 vertebrae. Results The average age of the patients was 61.4 years. The following supportive materials were used: mersilen mesh (16), allograft made of m. rectus abdominis fascia (5), prolen (4), fascia lata strip (2) and common Silk sutures (2). Additional operations (Moschowitz Douglasoraphy, Kelly-Marion anterior vaginal repair, colpoperineoplasty and Burchcolposuspension) were performed in 20 (68.9%) patients. Discussion There were 7 (23.8%) postoperative complications. The erosion of mersilen mesh was detected in 2 (6.8%) patients, and recurrence of vaginal vault prolaps and cystorectocele in 3 (10.2%) patients. According to other authors, the erosion of synthetic materials occurs in about 3.4%, and recurrence of vaginal vault prolaps in 0-22% of operated patients. Conclusion The complete vaginal vault prolaps after hysterectomy is a complex anatomic disorder which has a great impact on the life quality and significantly disturbs patient's psychosocial sphere. Surgical treatment involves abdominal or vaginal access and is planned individually for each patient.
Stromal tumor of colon: Case report
Authors: Niciforovic Dijana , Till Viktor , Lucic Zorka , Hadnadjev Dusan , Stojanovic Sanja , Kozarski Dejan
Published: April 2009

Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is relatively new term, it can be localized anywhere inside the gastrointestinal system. It has formerly been called leiomyoma, leiomyoblastoma, and/or leiomyosarcoma. Case report Case report is about a female patient with indefinite difficulties described as 'bother', mild anemia and anamnesis data of her mother who had been operated on for colon tumor. After blood examination, which had shown values within referential limits except for mild anemia, patient underwent radiological examination. Primarily, an abdominal cavity ultrasound had been performed, where a suspicious formation in the right hemiabdomen was found, but without distinctive anatomical localization in the abdominal cavity. Secondly, a checkup by Duplex Doppler ultrasound was made, as well as radiological examination with double contrast of colon and computed tomography, where tumor was visualized on ascendant colon with extraluminal localization. Discussion Radiological findings were confirmed by surgery. Histopathological findings were positive for gastrointestinal stromal colon tumor. Conclusion Gastrointestinal stromal tumors represent extremely rare tumors of gastrointestinal system, especially when localized at the colon, but they should be included in a differential diagnosis for their malignant potential.
Non allergic simple eosinophilic pneumonia: Löffler syndrome: A case report study
Authors: Meta-Jevtovic Ivana , Tomovic Miroslav , Mojsilovic Slavica , Petrovic Marina
Published: April 2009

Introduction L?ffler syndrome is an acute, pneumonia of unknown etiology. This disease is not often associated with bronchial asthma. In its asymptomatic form, this disease is reversible, transient, self-limited with no requests for specific therapy regimen. In the symptomatic form, as well as during its progression, treatment with steroids is very effective. Furthermore, in both acute eosinophilic and idiopathic chronic eosinophilic form, this kind of therapy ensures survival. Case report The case of a 53-year-old Caucasian woman was presented with 2-month history of low grade fever, shortness of breath, cough and reduced exercise tolerance. Although she had an allergic accident on insects in history, non allergy reactions as well as an obstructive disease with that kind of origin were not detected on admission. The diagnosis of simple eosinophilic pneumonia (SEP) (L?ffler's syndrome) was confirmed by transbronchial biopsy and by sternal testing. The peripheral blood eosinophilia with pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates on X ray chest radiography were observed during clinical examination. Biopsy specimen of the lung parenchym showed changes associated with L?ffler's syndrome. The diagnosis was, also, confirmed according to the radiographic findings of unilateral migratory infiltrates consistent pneumonia. Discussion Churg Strauss syndrome (CSS) has to be considered in this differential diagnosis. Frequently, this disease has extrinsic bronchial asthma with eosinophilic pneumonia in history; asthma is often associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. In the reported case, treatment with steroids resulted in a marked clinical improvement compared to nonsteroid therapy.
Paratesticular Müllerian-Type Papillary Serous Tumor in a Child
Authors: Cohen Marta C. , Shawis Rang , Evans Clair
Published: April 2009

We describe a case of a 15-year-old male presenting with an unusual right-sided paratesticular mass in whom the diagnosis of an ovarian-like paratesticular müllerian-type papillary serous tumor was made. The tumor, also referred to as serous papillary cystadenoma by some authors, depicted papillae with fibro-vascular cores lined by a bland pseudostratified ciliated epithelium. The immunohistochemistry showed the tumor to have diffuse reactivity against BerEp4, epithelial membrane antigen, and progesterone receptor; focal reactivity against cytokeratins AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Ca125, estrogen, and carcinoembryonic antigen; and negative reactivity for calretinin, Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), and CK20. Surgical management involved resection of the tumor followed by regular follow-up. Paratesticular müllerian-type papillary serous tumor is an infrequent lesion that has seldom been described in the pediatric-age patient. To our knowledge, whereas only 2 cases of serous papillary borderline malignancy have been previously described in this age group, this is the 1st time a serous papillary tumor is reported in a child. The pediatric surgeon, the clinicians, and the pathologist should be aware of this entity, as a conservative management would be preferable.
Meloxicam Elevates Serum Concentration of Erythropoietin and Numbers of Bone Marrow Erythroid Progenitor Cells in Sublethally Gamma-Irradiated Mice
Authors: Hofer Michal , Pospíšil Milan , Vacek Antonín , Znojil Vladimír , Holá Jiřina , Štreitová Denisa
Published: April 2009

Meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2, has been found to enhance the regeneration of erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E) in the femoral bone marrow of mice when administered after sublethal irradiation (4 Gy gamma-rays). In mice treated with meloxicam once daily on days 3, 4, 5, and 6 after irradiation, the values of BFU-E per femur in meloxicam-treated mice were on days 7 and 14 after irradiation at the levels of 156 % and 191 %, respectively, related to those in irradiated saline-treated controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, it has been shown that these effects of meloxicam can be associated with its ability to stimulate erythropoietin production in irradiated mice. Six and 12 hours after one dose of meloxicam given on day 3 after irradiation, the serum level of erythropoietin was twofold higher in comparison with irradiated saline-treated controls (P < 0.05). These findings may have practical implications in the treatment of myelosuppression.
Influence of Pre-Sampling Handling Duration on Selected Biochemical Indices in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Chloupek Petr , Voslářová Eva , Suchý Pavel , Bedáňová Iveta , Pištěková Vladimíra , Vitula František , Chloupek Jan , Večerek Vladimír
Published: April 2009

The effects of varying periods of pre-sampling handling (1.5 min, 3 min, 4.5 min, 6 min) on selected biochemical indices were monitored in a group of 8–9-month-old common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) kept at a pheasantry in Jinačovice, Czech Republic. The duration of pheasant handling (capture, restraint, and blood sampling) was positively correlated with plasma corticosterone (p < 0.001) and lactate (p < 0.05) levels. Negative correlations were found between the handling duration and glucose concentration (p < 0.01), and aspartate aminotransferase level (p < 0.05) in the blood plasma. A significant increase in corticosterone plasma concentrations and a decrease in glucose plasma concentrations were already found in blood samples taken after 3 min of capture in comparison to blood samples of pheasants taken within 1.5 min.
Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows Fed Bean Seeds (Vicia faba) with Different Levels of Anti-Nutritional Substances
Authors: Melicharová Veronika , Pechová Alena , Dvořák Rudolf , Pavlata Leoš
Published: April 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected bean cultivars with different levels of anti-nutritional substances on performance and metabolism of dairy cows. In the current twelve-week-long study, 32 dairy cows at 3 to 6 weeks after parturition were divided into four groups. Diets were balanced to have an analogical content of crude protein and energy. Experimental groups (MI, ME, MET) were mixed to the milking concentrate consisting of 20% bean seeds (MI - MISTRAL cultivar with a low content of anti-nutritional substances; ME - MERKUR cultivar with high content of anti-nutritional substances; MET - MERKUR cultivar with technologically reduced the amount of anti-nutritional substances). Clinical evaluation of dairy cows’ health and feed intake showed no negative effect of the bean supplementations. Energy, nitrogen and mineral metabolisms were not impaired either. No significant differences were found between groups in milk performance (daily milk yield, protein and lactose production) during the study. On the basis of these results, the bean can be used in 20% in the milking concentrate of dairy cattle. Health risks associated with anti-nutritional content of the native bean are not significant for high-producing dairy cattle.
Effects of Propolis on Selected Blood Indicators and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Broilers under Heat Stress
Authors: Seven Pınar Tatlı , Yılmaz Seval , Seven Ismail , Cercı Ibrahim H. , Azman Mehmet A. , Yılmaz Mehmet
Published: April 2009

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and vitamin C on biochemical indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities of broilers exposed to heat stress (at 34 °C). The experimental groups were as follows: group I (positive control) and group II (control) were fed a basal diet, group III (vitamin C) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg vitamin C as ascorbic acid/kg, group IV (EEP-0.5) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g EEP/kg, group V (EEP-1) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g EEP/kg, group VI (EEP-3) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EEP/kg. Plasma superoxide dismutase levels of positive control, control, vitamin C, EEP-0.5, EEP-1 and EEP-3 groups were found as 0.34, 1.23, 0.50, 0.90, 0.30 and 0.41 μkat/ml, respectively (p < 0.01). Aspartate transaminase (except for EEP-0.5 and EEP-1 groups) and alkaline phosphatase in the control group were significantly higher than those of positive control, vitamin-C and EEP-3 groups. Malondialdehyde level in plasma, liver and muscle tissues of control group were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of positive control and EEP-3 groups. Catalase activities of blood, liver, kidney and heart were the highest in the control group. Reduced glutathione activities of plasma and liver of all groups were not significantly different from each other, whereas those of muscle, kidney and heart were significantly higher in the control group. Significantly lower levels of glutathione peroxidase were found in blood, liver and kidney tissues of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas those of muscle and heart were similar in all groups. The results of the present study suggest that EEP and specially EEP at the supplemented dose of 3 mg/kg diet might be considered to prevent oxidative stress in the broilers exposed to heat stress.
Stress in Broiler Chickens Due to Acute Noise Exposure
Authors: Chloupek Petr , Voslářová Eva , Chloupek Jan , Bedáňová Iveta , Pištěková Vladimíra , Večerek Vladimír
Published: April 2009

Stress effects from acute noise exposure were monitored in a group of ROSS 308 broiler chickens (n = 80), aged 42 days. The experiment simulated slaughterhouse sounds to which the broilers were exposed for 10 min in the test enclosure. Effects of acute noise exposure at two different levels (80 dB and 100 dB) were evaluated on the basis of examinations of selected biochemical plasma indicators and tonic immobility tests. Noise stimuli of both 80 dB and 100 dB intensities for 10 min induced a significant elevation in plasma corticosterone levels. Broilers that were exposed to noise stimuli of 100 dB also exhibited a significant increase in the cholesterol level and total protein level. Exposure to noise stimuli did not influence the glucose level and triglyceride concentrations. The duration of tonic immobility was not affected by noise stimuli in our experiment. However, noise exposure at a 100 dB level decreased the number of attempts to induce tonic immobility in broilers.
Health Status of the Nase (Chondrostoma nasus) in Breeding Farms from the Jihlava River Basin
Authors: Reček Lukáš , Palíková Miroslava , Lojek Antonín , Navrátil Stanislav
Published: April 2009

This study compares two fish farms in the Jihlava River basin that differ mainly in the intensity of rearing of the nase fry and in water sources. During rearing, we observed the health condition of fry from hatching to expedition at the age of one year. Four species of parasites (i.e., Ambiphrya ameiuri, Apiosoma piscicolum, Trichodina sp., Diplostomum spathaceum) were found to infest the fish and Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated by bacterial culture. In both breeding facilities the intensity and prevalence of Ambiphrya ameiuri increased during the summer. The state of health and its development including the recognised infections was similar in both farms. Immunological indicators such as differential white cell count, absolute white cell count and the oxidative burst in autumn were evaluated in the fry samples. Although fry from both farms had similar health condition, the results on immunological indicators show that fry from farm I are more exposed to the effects of stressors. In the next phase, we confronted immunological indicators of fry from farm II and brood fish from the Jihlava River. The results show differences in immunological indicators, which could be caused by a variety of stress factors having different effects on the immune system of these two fish categories. The environment affects greatly the immunity of juvenile as well as brood fish. It reflects in the different levels of immunological indicators in the comparison of fry from two farms as well as in the comparison of fry and brood fish from the river.
Standardisation of ELISA for Rheumatoid Factor IgM Detection in Canine Serum
Authors: Andrysíková Radka , Kudláčková Hana , Toman Miroslav
Published: April 2009

Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an important marker of many autoimmune diseases. Presence of RF is characteristic for rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases of various underlying aetiologies. The aim of our study was to introduce and standardise a convenient assay for RF-IgM detection in canine serum and to test it on a group of selected dogs. ELISA was chosen as a method of analysis due to its high specificity, selectivity and optimal quality in clinical use. For standardised method evaluation we examined serum samples from 80 dogs classified into 4 groups as follows: I - dogs positive in the ANA test (ANA+) suffering from orthopaedic or complex diseases; II - dogs negative in the ANA test (ANA-) suffering from orthopaedic or complex diseases; III - dogs negative in the ANA test (ANA-) suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases; IV - control healthy dogs. Significant difference between mean values of RF-IgM in respective groups was detected. Dogs from groups I and II showed the highest mean values. These were significantly higher than the values in dogs from groups III and IV and the differences between the last mentioned two groups were also significant. Our data suggest that the introduced method is suitable for use in the veterinary laboratory practice.
Immunogenicity and Safety of La Sota Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus Administered to Newly Hatched Chicks by Nebulization
Authors: Mazija Hrvoje , Čajavec Stanislav , Prukner-Radovčić Estella , Ergotić Neda , Ciglar-Grozdanić Irena , Gottstein Željko , Kokić Anita , Ragland William L.
Published: April 2009

The objective of four trials performed on specific-pathogen-free and commercial chickens, either of light or heavy hybrids, was to evaluate the new vaccine delivery method to newly hatched chickens using commercial La Sota vaccine. The vaccine was given by means of nebulization using an ultrasonic device producing homologous aerosol of particles ranging 3–5 microns in diameter. Chickens were exposed to the La Sota vaccine for 30, 60 or 300 s in a closed chamber of the device, thus enabling constant particle size during vaccination. No adverse reaction to the given vaccine was recorded, and the immunity, developed no later than 7 days after vaccination, lasted for at least 49 days which was confirmed by challenge infection using Herts 33 strain of Newcastle disease virus. Maternal antibodies did not influence the development of immunity. Regarding the mode of vaccination, the described method is suitable for the control of Newcastle disease in both big poultry enterprises as well as small backyard flocks when newly hatched chickens are supplied from local hatcheries.
Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Selected Antigens of Yersinia ruckeri
Authors: Ispir Unal , Gokhan H. Bayram , Ozcan Mikail , Dorucu Mustafa , Saglam Naim
Published: April 2009

In this study, effects of Yersinia ruckeri antigens on the immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. The weight of the 120 fish used in this study was 20–30 g. After injecting 1 mg of formalin-inactivated whole cells (FKC) and O-antigen (Ag-O) intraperitoneally, blood was taken from the caudal vein of anaesthetized fish and metabolic activity of leukocytes (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activities), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), serum protein and serum total immunoglobulin (TIg) levels were determined on day 30 after the first immunization. The same procedure was conducted in the control group. In all the experimental groups, considerable increases in the immune indicators were found and significant differences detected between the control and experimental groups (p < 0.05). Metabolic activity of leukocytes decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the following treatment with antigens compared to the control fish group.
Protein and Antigenic Profile among Mycoplasma bovis Field Strains Isolated in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Rifatbegović Maid , Assunção Patrícia , Pašić Šemso , Fe Christian de la , Poveda Jose B.
Published: April 2009

Mycoplasma bovis is a serious, worldwide-spread but often overlooked pathogen causing respiratory disease, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle. In this study we characterize the protein and antigenic profiles of M. bovis field strains isolated in Bosnia and Herzegovina by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, and analyze possible variations among these strains. Greater differences occurred when comparing field strains with the reference strain PG45. One field strain isolated from lung samples of a heifer was markedly different from strains isolated from nasal swabs taken from cattle raised in another geographic region. A possible correlation may exist between protein and antigen profiles of M. bovis field strains, geographic regions and anatomical sites of isolation.
Kinetic Behaviour of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase in Different Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Exposed to Non-Lethal Concentrations of Cadmium
Authors: Hisar Olcay , Sönmez Adem Yavuz , Beydemir Şükrü , Hisar Şükriye Aras , Yanik Telat , Cronin Tom
Published: April 2009

The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the enzymatic activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) were investigated in the gill, liver and kidney tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three test groups of fish were subjected to increasing concentrations (1, 3 and 5 mg/l) of cadmium (Cd) in vivo, respectively. The G6PD and 6PGD activities in the gill, liver, and kidney tissues of each group of fish were measured on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activities, measured in gill, liver and kidney homogenates, were stimulated by various concentrations (1, 3, and 5 mg/l) of cadmium. Although the dose-response pattern of G6PD enzyme activities in liver and kidney tissue was very similar, that in gill was different from both other tissues. The enzyme activity of G6PD enzyme was significantly stimulated after three days (Day 3) in liver and kidney tissues at a dose of 1 mg/l Cd (p < 0.05), whereas it was stimulated on the first day of experiment (Day 1) in gill, liver and kidney tissues at doses of 3 and 5 mg/l Cd (p < 0.05). However, the activity of 6PGD was stimulated after three days (Day 3) in the liver at a dose of 1 mg/l Cd (p < 0.05) and on the first day in gill, liver and kidney tissues at doses of 3 and 5 mg/l Cd (p < 0.05). The stimulation effect of the 5 mg/l dose of Cd on G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activities was significantly diminished after seven days (Day 7) in all tissues (p < 0.05). In contrast to the dose-response pattern at the dose of 5 mg/l Cd, G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activities were stimulated significantly (p < 0.05) in liver and kidney tissues at the doses of 3 and 1 mg/l Cd. The stimulation effect of cadmium on the three tissues studied was also calculated; for both of the enzymes (G6PD and 6PGD), the enzyme activity levels were stimulated by approximately 60% and 38% in gills, 68% and 44% in liver, and 67% and 41% in kidneys, respectively, over the base-line enzyme activity of the control groups during the sevenday experimental period. These findings indicate that tissue G6PD and 6PGD enzymes function to protect against cadmium toxicity.
Reliability Aspects of Microsystems for Automotive Applications
Authors: Müller‐Fiedler Roland , Nötzold Kerstin , Schneider Arnold , Rank Holger , Graf Jürgen
Published: April 2009

The implementation of microsystems in automotive applications is certainly one of the driving forces for the success of MEMS as an industrial technology on mass production level. In many cases, automotive systems based on microsensors are critical to safety. Consequently, microsystems have to assure an accurate, reliable, and failsafe operation during the entire lifetime of the vehicle. Since, the car represents a harsh environment for electronic or mechanical systems and components, reliability issues of MEMS have moved more and more into the focus of research and development. In particular, reliability aspects related to packaging and assembly have become a key issue in lifetime investigations. The packaging of microsystems comprises a variety of materials and material combinations, that directly affect the stability of MEMS components. Therefore, sophisticated characterization methods are needed to extract the reliability‐relevant material parameters. This paper gives an introduction into investigations of the stability assessment of glass frit bonding as well as new bonding technologies based on metallic sealing of MEMS devices.
A Catalytic and Enantioselective Synthesis oftrans‐2‐Amino‐1‐ aryltetralins
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Maji Biswajit , Mal Dipakranjan
Published: April 2009

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The bis‐oxazoline‐copper complex‐catalyzed aziridination of alkenes followed by an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation of the tethered andin situgenerated aziridine provides a one‐pot, general and efficient method for the synthesis oftrans‐2‐amino‐1‐aryltetralins from a mixture of 2‐ arylethylstyrenes (E/Z≤85:15) with excellent dia‐ stereo‐ (dr>99:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 92%ee).
Sequential Copper‐Catalyzed Rearrangement–Allylic Substitution of Bicyclic Hydrazines with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Crotti Stefano , Bertolini Ferruccio , Macchia Franco , Pineschi Mauro
Published: April 2009

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The problem of the synthesis of trans‐1,4‐disubstituted hydrazino‐ and aminocyclopentenes has been resolved by a sequential copper‐catalyzed rearrangement–allylic alkylation of 2,3‐diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes. The cis‐fused 5,5‐membered allylic carbazate which is formed in situ by a novel copper(II) triflate [Cu(OTf)2]/(±)‐BINAP‐catalyzed rearrangement, can be alkylated with a broad spectrum of Grignard reagents with a predominant SN2′‐regioselectivity. The N‐Boc protecting group proved to be optimal as regards yields, reaction times and regioselectivities.
Reversible Switching of the Shear Modulus of Photoresponsive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Verploegen Eric , Soulages Johannes , Kozberg Mariel , Zhang Tejia , McKinley Gareth , Hammond Paula
Published: April 2009

Licht steuert Fließverhalten: Morphologie und rheologische Eigenschaften eines flüssigkristallinen Systems können nach Anbringen photoresponsiver flüssigkristalliner Einheiten an ein Siloxanpolymer durch UV‐Bestrahlung dynamisch manipuliert werden. Die Anregung mit UV‐Licht induziert einen Konformationswechsel im Molekül, der die flüssigkristalline Mesophase zerstört (siehe Bild) und eine drastische Änderung der rheologischen Eigenschaften bewirkt.

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Adsorbate‐Induced Surface Segregation for Core–Shell Nanocatalysts
Authors: Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Juhart Viktorija , Hartl Katrin , Hanzlik Marianne , Arenz Matthias
Published: April 2009

Coming to the surface: The surface composition of carbon‐supported Pt3Co catalyst particles changes upon a CO‐annealing treatment. Platinum atoms segregate to the particle surface so that nanoparticles with a platinum shell surrounding an alloy core are formed. This modified catalyst has a superior activity in the oxygen reduction reaction compared to both a plain platinum catalyst and the untreated alloy particles.

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One‐Pot, Direct Incorporation of [11C]CO2 into Carbamates
Authors: Hooker Jacob M. , Reibel Achim T. , Hill Sidney M. , Schueller Michael J. , Fowler Joanna S.
Published: April 2009

Why beat about the bush? An operationally simple and mild reaction based on the direct fixation of 11CO2 with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) has been developed for the synthesis of 11C‐labeled carbamates at 75 °C within 10 minutes in radiochemical yields above 70 % (see scheme). This strategy should be immediately useful for the construction of new radiotracers for positron emission tomography and other applications.

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Synthesis and molecular structures of 1‐boracyclopent‐2‐enes
Authors: Khan Ezzat , Kempe Rhett , Wrackmeyer Bernd
Published: April 2009

The reaction of 1‐silyl‐1‐borylalkenes with alkyn‐1‐yltin compounds affords borol‐2‐enes, organometallic‐substituted allenes, mixtures thereof or even more complex mixtures with buta‐1,3‐dienes, depending on the third substituent at the CC bond (Bu or Ph), on the number of SiCl functions (two or three) and the nature of the alkyn‐1‐yltin compound. Six new borol‐2‐enes were isolated in pure state, and two of them were characterized by X‐ray structural analysis. The solution‐state structures of all major products were clearly established by multinuclear magnetic resonance methods (1H, 11B, 13C, 29Si, 119Sn NMR). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early patterns of scientific production by Mexican researchers in mainstream journals, 1900–1950
Authors: Luna‐Morales Ma. Elena , Collazo‐Reyes Francisco , Russell Jane M. , Pérez‐Angón Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2009

According to the bibliographical data included in the Web of Science, SCOPUS, Chemical Abstracts, and other specialized information services covering the period 1900–1950, the first publications in mainstream journals by Mexican researchers appeared only in the first decades of the 20th century. Contrary to expectations, we find that the academic community was not the protagonist in the early stages of Mexican scientific practices, but that there was a strong contribution coming from researchers associated with the public‐health sector and the chemical and mining industries. We were able to identify in this half century four different modes of scientific production: amateur, institutional, academic, and industrial, which in turn correspond to distinct stages in the evolution of the Mexican scientific production. We characterize these modes of production with a variety of indicators: publication and citation patterns, author output, journal and subject categories, institutional collaborations, and geographical distribution.