bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A national dataset of 30-m annual urban extent dynamics (1985–2015) in the conterminous United States
Authors: Li Xuecao , Zhou Yuyu , Zhu Zhengyuan , Cao Wenting
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Dynamics of the urban extent at fine spatial and temporal resolutions over large areas are crucial for developing urban growth models and achieving sustainable development goals. However, there are limited practices of mapping urban dynamics with these two merits combined. In this study, we proposed a new method to map urban dynamics from Landsat time series data using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and developed a national dataset of annual urban extent (1985–2015) at a fine spatial resolution (30 m) in the conterminous United States (US). First, we derived the change information of urbanized years in four periods that were determined from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), using a temporal segmentation approach. Then, we classified urban extents in the beginning (1985) and ending (2015) years at the cluster level through implementing a change vector analysis (CVA) based approach. We developed a hierarchical strategy to apply the CVA based approach due to the spatially explicit urban sprawl over large areas. The overall accuracy of mapped urbanized years is around 90 % with the one-year tolerance strategy. The mapped urbanized areas in the beginning and ending years are reliable, with overall accuracies of 96 % and 88 %, respectively. Our results reveal that the total urban area increased by about 20 % during the period 1985–2015, and the annual urban area growth is not linear over the years. Overall, the growth pattern of urban extent in most coastal states is plateaued over the past three decades while the states in the Midwestern US show an accelerated growth pattern. The derived annual urban extents are of great use for relevant urban studies such as urban area projection and urban sprawl modeling in large areas. Moreover, the proposed mapping framework is transferable for developing annual dynamics of urban extent in other regions and even globally. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8190920.v2 (Li et al., 2019b).
On the representation of water reservoir storage and operations in
large-scale hydrological models: implications on model
parameterization and climate change impact assessments
Authors: Dang Thanh Duc , Chowdhury AFM Kamal , Galelli Stefano
Published: July 2019

Abstract. During the past decades, the increased impact of anthropogenic interventions on river basins has prompted hydrologists to develop various approaches for representing human-water interactions in large-scale hydrological and land surface models. The simulation of water reservoir storage and operations has received particular attention, owing to the ubiquitous presence of dams. Yet, little is known about (1) the effect of the representation of water reservoirs on the parameterization of hydrological models, and, therefore, (2) the risks associated to potential flaws in the calibration process. To fill in this gap, we contribute a computational framework based on the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model and a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm, which we use to calibrate VIC's parameters. An important feature of our framework is a novel variant of VIC's routing module that allows us to simulate the storage dynamics of water reservoirs. Using the upper Mekong river basin as a case study, we calibrate two instances of VIC – with and without reservoirs. We show that both model instances have the same accuracy in reproducing daily discharges (over the period 1996–2005); a result attained by the model without reservoirs by adopting a parameterization that compensates for the absence of these infrastructures. The first implication of this flawed parameter estimation stands in a poor representation of key hydrological processes, such as surface runoff, infiltration, and baseflow. To further demonstrate the risks associated to the use of such model, we carry out a climate change impact assessment (for the period 2050–2060), for which we use precipitation and temperature data retrieved from five Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). Results show that the two model instances (with and without reservoirs) provide different projections of the minimum, maximum, and average monthly discharges. These results are consistent across both RCPs. Overall, our study reinforces the message about the correct representation of human-water interactions in large-scale hydrological models.
Mapping time-distance
Authors: Qi Feng , Docherty Seth
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Traditional maps are often direct visualizations of the Euclidean distances in space. As the concepts of time and distance are intrinsically intertwined in the human cognitive systems for environmental perception, the mapping of a unity of time and distance is thus either intuitive or convenient in many occasions. This paper presents three examples to demonstrate the value of visualizing time-distance instead of the physical Euclidean distance in contemporary mapping. The first example maps travel time as perceived distance in an urban environment. Visualizations of the time-space reflecting modern high-speed travel behaviours make it convenient to detect patterns and identify anomalies that matter for the functions in such space. The second example concerns trail mapping in a remote rainforest, where hand-drawn maps reflecting travel effort are more desirable than accurate GIS maps for local navigation and trail hiking purposes. The last example shows that traditional maps are ineffective in communicating hurricane flooding risks since the conventional spatial model based on surficial distance does not reflect non-surficial spatiotemporal dynamics for realistic representations of the risk space. While the Euclidean distance on the physical earth surface is what traditional maps chart and what our modern spatial thinking has been accustomed to, these examples show that such distance is limited in portraying many aspects of our perceived and experienced dynamic distances that affect our living. The adoption of spatial representations such as time-distance maps breaks the mental set accustomed to the traditional distance maps and is worth considering in many occasions.
Mapping Mars’s Eastern Valles Marineris
Authors: Ray Eian
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this mapping project was to create a cartographically accurate representation of an Exploration Zone at the Eastern Valles Marineris outflow region within equatorial Mars. There are numerous problems associated with mapping planetary surfaces. Data and imagery for Exploration Zones at a spatial and spectral resolution sufficient for human landing site evaluation and traverse planning have not been acquired yet. Additionally, as technology evolves, it is very difficult to extrapolate which mapping technologies will be used in the near and far future. In order to create this map, assumptions about the future of mapping had to be made, publicly released data for the area of interest had to be sourced, and data analysis had to be performed. One of the key elements of a successful mission is how to communicate the geospatial aspects of the mission planning process to the general public. The results show that using existing data and traditional static cartographic methods, even extra-terrestrial geographic discoveries can be made and disseminated to the public in an attractive and easily understood format.
Using Cartograms for Visualizing extended Floating Car Data (xFCD)
Authors: Röger Christian , Krisp Jukka M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study assesses the usefulness of cartograms when visualizing extended Floating Car Data (xFCD). Cartograms deform regions in a map proportionally to assigned values. We apply this method for visualizing highresolution extended Floating Car Data (xFCD). Elaborating on this, we perform a case study in Mönchengladbach, Germany using 1.8 Million record points containing information about carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions based on an xFCD dataset. Utilizing a diffusion-based approach, we compute cartograms. Findings indicate a good suitability for identifying areas with a higher (or lower) average emission of CO2. We provide a documented workflow to compute cartograms based on parameters from an extended floating car dataset. The quality and spatial distribution of the basic dataset turns out to be important. Choosing the correct spatial subdivision of the research area as a basis for deforming areas is significant as it strongly influences the visual output.
The application of GIS in railway heritage management: the case of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway
Authors: Sang Kun , Piovan Silvia E.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Railways were a key mode of transporting goods and people for industrial and urban development in the late modern age. Their special part in economic growth comes with their role in the development of cultural heritage along their pathways. However, because of competing urban construction, many railway heritages are in danger, such as the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway (YVR) in China, an important international narrow-gauge railway built in 1901, acknowledged as a railway heritage in 2018. As a typical linear heritage, the railway integrates both the natural and cultural landscapes, related to the large spatial extent and complex composition of single heritage elements. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer a great support in the investigation, assessment, and management of railway heritage. In this research, the huge cultural heritage related to the YVR was studied using a combined geo-historical and GIS approach. This paper aims to 1) give a brief review of the current status of the application of GIS on linear railway heritages studies, including heritage resources surveys, spatial analysis, thematic mapping and public service, 2) introduce the case study of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, and 3) present a geodatabase design for the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway heritage management.
Conceptual framework for enhancing visual change point analysis in generalized multi-temporal displays
Authors: Schiewe Jochen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Large amounts of point data are being generated and depicted in web maps, in particular promoted by the availability of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). This data volume causes usability problems for the visual presentation and exploration, especially by decreasing rendering performance and increasing geometric or semantic point clutter. Typically, generalization techniques are applied in order to overcome these clutter problems. Appropriate constraint-based approaches have been developed for static and single displays.Due to the increasing amount and relevance of multi-temporal point data, the aim of this contribution is to present a so far missing conceptual framework that consists of constraints related to change point analysis. These constraints describe the effects of the generalization on preservation and legibility of change information. Here, different types of change point analysis are differentiated, namely: existential changes, changes of semantic properties, and changes of spatial properties. For this purpose, difference frames between two given frames of the multi-temporal data set are used as a model of the mental representation of change information.The resulting constraints can be used to describe and to compare the suitability of various generalization operations for specific tasks. However, in a later stage they can also trigger the generalization processes as such. This could lead to a new way of thinking, since the optimization of generalization processes should work on difference frames rather than on single views.
3D Visualization Process and Efficiency Analysis of Geographic Information Based on WebGL
Authors: Su Deguo , Tan Beibei , Yuan Debao , Wang Yong , Liu Jiping
Published: July 2019

Abstract. With the rapid development of geographic information technology, the web-based 3D visualization technology is constantly updated with the development of computers. However, the traditional 3D geographic data visualization software based on the rich-client model it has significant limitations in the display and analysis of geospatial information and it is difficult to install and use, result in that difficult to meet the application of Geo-dynamic simulation, visual analysis, and collaborative decision-making of the geographic process. In order to show the realism of spatial data more directly, this paper introduces a 3D visualization process design method of geographic information and analyses the 3D data modelling building and visualization efficiency. The process combines multiple data sources are loaded automatically, cross platform, 2D & 3D integration, and make a wider range of customers easily access to the visualization effect of 3D spatial data.
Multilingualization Experiment of Geographical Name Information Using Vector Title Format
Authors: Suga Masaki , Otsuka Koji , Honda Yoshikazu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Multilingualization of geographical name information has been required to support foreign visitors to the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games to be held in Tokyo in 2020 and to correspond to the rapid increase of foreign visitors in recent years. GSI has prepared geographical name information in English and it has been already released. To expand this effort, we have conducted the experiment to translate geographical name information in Japanese and English into French, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese automatically and to prepare a multilingual map using vector tile format. To be specific, we prepared transformation rules for translation of geographical name information, and implemented the Javascript codes of transformation rules to deploy in combination with the existing Javascript library group which controls display on the web map. Thus, we developed a web map system which automatically generates geographical name information in these targeted languages on web browsers.
Learning Method that Facilitates User Understanding of Changes in the Kyoto Townscape: Utilizing a Smartphone Application with the Kyoto City Tram and Bus Photograph Database
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Yamamoto Shumpei , Sato Hirotaka , Kawasumi Naomi , Inoue Manabu , Yano Keiji , Kitamoto Asanobu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study intends to develop a method of learning changes in the Kyoto townscape. We conducted an experiment using the Kyoto Memorygraph with old photographs from the Kyoto City Tram and Bus Photograph Database. The key findings of this paper are the following: Users can easily understand the details of changes in the townscape when comparing old photographs with the current townscape using Kyoto Memorygraph. By using this application in tours, users who were not previously familiar with the locations and characteristics of old photographs exhibited notable learning outcomes. In this experiment, participants focused on mountains as a distant marker and buildings, roads, and objects on the roadside as proximate markers. These are the basic components of the city; participants examined the structure and elements from the old photos and became aware of changes in the townscape. In the case that the characteristics of the photo had changed significantly, some participants felt it was difficult to match old photos with the current townscape. By visiting the location where the old picture was taken and capturing the current cityscape, users of Kyoto Memorygraph were able to consider the city’s structure and elements. These results indicate that Kyoto Memorygraph can be a regional learning tool for understanding townscape development.
Semantically Enriched Simplification of Trajectories
Authors: Tamilmani Rajesh , Stefanakis Emmanuel
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Moving objects that are equipped with GPS devices generate huge volumes of spatio-temporal data. This spatial and temporal information is used in tracing the path travelled by the object, so called trajectory. It is often difficult to handle this massive data as it contains millions of raw data points. The number of points in a trajectory is reduced by trajectory simplification techniques. While most of the simplification algorithms use the distance offset as a criterion to eliminate the redundant points, temporal dimension in trajectories should also be considered in retaining the points which convey both the spatial and temporal characteristics of the trajectory. In addition to that the simplification process may result in losing the semantics associated with the intermediate points on the original trajectories. These intermediate points can contain attributes or characteristics depending on the application domain. For example, a trajectory of a moving vessel can contain information about distance travelled, bearing, and current speed. This paper involves implementing the Synchronized Euclidean Distance (SED) based simplification to consider the temporal dimension and building the Semantically Enriched Line simpliFication(SELF) data structure to preserve the semantic attributes associated to individual points on actual trajectories. The SED based simplification technique and the SELF data structure have been implemented in PostgreSQL 9.4 with PostGIS extension using PL/pgSQL to support dynamic lines. Extended experimental work has been carried out to better understand the impact of SED based simplification over conventional Douglas-Peucker algorithm to both synthetic and real trajectories. The efficiency of SELF structure in regard to semantic preservation has been tested at different levels of simplification.
Drawing North America by Hand
Authors: Thomas Anton
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In February 2019, I put the finishing touches on a map that took four and a half years to complete. What began as a passion project ended up taking over my life, as I became utterly submerged in a cartographic odyssey: North America: Portrait of a Continent. Drawn entirely with colour pencil and fine-liner pen, this 1500 × 1200 mm (59 × 47 inch) map contains tens of thousands of items of content, from the Arctic to Central America, even the deepest reaches of the ocean. 600 individualised cityscapes populate the map, and the content varies widely. All range of animals, plants, culture, history, industry, symbology, and more are laid out across a flowing terrain. It pulls from a vast sweep of the physical and cultural geography of the continent, and is intended to encourage geographic enthusiasm in a broad audience. Inspired by several years I spent travelling the continent, I’m finally able to reflect on it now it is complete. As prints begin to roll out, there is much to discuss about the origins, technical execution, intents and experiences of drawing North America by hand.
Time-space Visualization of Automobile and Airplane Travel Time from Chicago to Various Destination Cities
Authors: Todd Stella W. , Yetsko Alex , Hay Claire
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Travel distances are often thought of in terms of time. When asked about how far away a destination is, we answer that it is “x” minutes or hours away. This study explores a novel approach to visualize travel time from a selected, specific city to various destination cities in the Conterminous United States using two modes of transportation: automobile and airplane. Each destination city was selected randomly from cities that met a set of criteria including: city population categories, state representation, and overall geographic distribution. For the automobile and airplane time-space visualization Google Maps were consulted to get driving time and flying time estimates to 107 destination cities. For the airplane travel additional time was added to estimate driving to a local airport and parking. A straight-line time-vector trajectory between the example start city, Chicago, and the destination cities provided a consistent line to alter the relative locations of destination cities relative to buffer distances representing time. Time-altered city locations were used as control points to align an existing map of the United States. The automobile results show pronounced geographic dilation as well as contraction along many coastal states. Airplane travel severely contracted geographic extent of the U.S. as flying time is much faster and far less variable than automobile time. These visualizations provided a different cartographic product that emphasizes the time and space perception changes in time and space associated with movement via different modes of travel.
Multimedia Presentation of Spatial Journalistic Content
Authors: Torabi Zeinab , Wilkening Jan , Cron Juliane
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Everything happens somewhere. Thus, location plays an important role in data journalism. As interactive websites have become the standard medium for telling journalistic stories, web mapping and multimedia frameworks are often integrated to tell them in an audio-visually appealing way. Often, these integrated frameworks are developed by GIS or web mapping companies in order to reach new target groups such as journalists. In this study, we investigated different approaches for integrating web maps and multimedia presentations in a journalistic story. We first defined the most important criteria for a well-suited multimedia presentation of spatial journalistic content. We also identified the most relevant platforms for presenting spatial journalistic content, based on popularity and completeness. Finally, we built a sample story to show how web maps and multimedia elements can be used to represent spatial journalistic content. We built this story with the two most suitable frameworks and evaluated the story with experts and according to our criteria.
Contour Lines Generation in Karstic Plateaus for Topographic Maps
Authors: Touya Guillaume , Boulze Hugo , Schleich Anouk , Quinquenel Hervé
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Contour lines are a key features of topographic maps as they make the comprehension of terrain more easy. But they are no longer drawn by cartographers, they are mostly automatically derived from digital terrain models. Despite real progress in this automated derivation, some specific terrain landscapes remain incorrectly depicted with such techniques, and this is the case for karstic plateaus full of sinkholes. This paper proposes a specific automated method to derive better contour lines in plateaus, particularly around sinkholes. The process first detects karstic plateaus with many sinkholes, as well as the individual sinkholes. Then, the DTM is smoothed to better reflect the terrain in the plateau and in its surroundings. As a third step, the contour lines around sinkholes are enhanced to draw legible round features that better reflect the real terrain. The process was implemented in a QGIS plugin and tested on a small area with a karstic plateau in the Jura mountain in France, and the cartographers of IGN, the French national mapping agency assessed the results as a great improvement compared to the generic automated process to derive contour lines.
CartAGen: an Open Source Research Platform for Map Generalization
Authors: Touya Guillaume , Lokhat Imran , Duchêne Cécile
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Automatic map generalization is a complex task that is still a research problem and requires the development of research prototypes before being usable in productive map processes. In the meantime, reproducible research principles are becoming a standard. Publishing reproducible research means that researchers share their code and their data so that other researchers might be able to reproduce the published experiments, in order to check them, extend them, or compare them to their own experiments. Open source software is a key tool to share code and software, and CartAGen is the first open source research platform that tackles the overall map generalization problem: not only the building blocks that are generalization algorithms, but also methods to chain them, and spatial analysis tools necessary for data enrichment. This paper presents the CartAGen platform, its architecture and its components. The main component of the platform is the implementation of several multi-agent based models of the literature such as AGENT, CartACom, GAEL, CollaGen, or DIOGEN. The paper also explains and discusses different ways, as a researcher, to use or to contribute to CartAGen.
On the SCJ report "Challenges for the national standardisation of geographical names in Japan"
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Okamoto Kohei , Takagi Akihiko , Morita Takashi , Haruyama Shigeko , Ida Yoshiyasu , Takizawa Yumiko , Tanabe Hiroshi , Todokoro Takashi , Wakabayashi Yoshiki
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This paper introduces the contents of the report "Challenges for the national standardisation of geographical names in Japan", prepared by the Toponymy Subcommittee under IGU Working Group of the Planetary Science Committee, Science Council of Japan. The report suggests the establishment of a national geographical names board in Japan. It first indicates the growing awareness in the world on the importance of geographical names, including the activities of UNGEGN. This is followed by a description of current issues Japan is facing on geographical names, such as discrepancies of names used in the media and those used in textbooks, naming disputes at local authority mergers, and commercialisation of geographical names. It also described currently how the various government administration bodies deal with these issues, and points out some problems, mainly due to lack of overarching principles and coordination between agencies. Some examples of systems of other countries with a national geographical names board is shown, and finally some concrete recommendations, including an establishment of an inter-ministrial body that deals comprehensively with geographical names issues, awareness raising of society on the functions and importance of geographical names, development of human resources, and active participation in the international forum on geographical names.
Procedural Knowledge of Graphic Design for Analysing Graphic Elements in Historical Urban Maps
Authors: Xie Chenyang
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Early modern maps are important records of urban development, providing detailed information on changing social and economic patterns, as well as offering insights into historic techniques of cartographic representation. On maps, a variety of information is translated to readers through graphic elements. The functions and meanings of graphic elements such as symbols and colour are known from and widely applied in graphic design. This paper discusses links between graphic design and historical urban maps, to explore a new interdisciplinary perspective to develop further the understanding of functions and meanings of graphic elements within historical urban maps. In particular, graphic design methods are here used to analyse historical hand-coloured London maps produced before the 19th century. There are few records detailing the visual properties of historical London maps. In this context, it may be useful to apply graphic design research methods such as visual analysis and semiotics. Focussing on examples from maps in the 15th and 16th centuries, we suggest that graphic elements such as shape and colour could have been utilized by artists for specific functions and purposes, arguably making these maps early forms of graphic design. Furthermore, information design principles may be used to further the analysis of historical urban maps, in particular the way colour is used for coding information. These findings suggest graphic elements have historically been used to translate information on urban maps, which can create much richer meanings on maps than previously understood.
Extracting relationship between air pollution and precipitation using spatio-temporal analysis in Tehran metropolis
Authors: Dareshiri Shokouh , Sahelgozin Mohammadreza , Lotfian Maryam , Ingensand Jens
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Precipitation is one of the main stages of the water cycle, and it is required for the organisms to survive on the planet. In contrast, air pollution is a phenomenon that has greatly affected the human life nowadays. Population growth, development of factories and increasing number of fossil fuel vehicles are the most influencing factors on air pollution. In addition to understand nature of precipitation and air pollution, finding relationship between these two phenomena is necessary to make appropriate policies for reducing air pollution. Furthermore, studying trends of precipitation and air pollution in the past, is helpful to forecast the times and places with less precipitation and more air pollution for a better urban management. In this study, we tried to extract any probable relationship between these two parameters by investigating their monthly measured amounts in 22 municipal districts of Tehran in three epochs of time (2009, 2013 and 2017). Carbon Monoxide (CO) was considered as the indicator of air pollution. Results of the study show that the parameters have a significant relationship with each other. By using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and One-Way Variance (ANOVA) test, relationship between the data for each month and for each district of Tehran were studied separately. As the time has passed and the air pollution has increased, the correlation between the parameters in districts has decreased. In addition, during the cold months of the year, the correlations decrease since the fact that precipitation is not the only influencing factor on the air pollution due to the rise of air “Inversion”. Finally, the polynomial regression model of carbon monoxide based on precipitation was extracted for each of the three years. The model suggests a degree three polynomial equation. The obtained coefficients from the regression model show that the relationship between parameters was stronger in the years with more rainfalls. This can be due to the more significant impact of other influencing factors on air pollution, such as population density, wind direction, vehicles and factories in the areas or conditions with a less rainfall.
Three-dimensional desktop morphometric models for the Arctic Ocean floor
Authors: Florinsky Igor V. , Filippov Sergei V.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We present results of the first phase of an ongoing project to create a system for three-dimensional (3D) geomorphometric modeling of the Arctic Ocean submarine topography. In this phase, we developed a testing, lowresolution desktop version of the system. We utilized a small, 5-km gridded digital elevation model (DEM) extracted from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) version 3.0. From the smoothed DEM, we derived digital models of several morphometric variables: horizontal, vertical, minimal, and maximal curvatures, catchment and dispersive areas, as well as topographic and stream power indices. To construct and visualize 3D morphometric models, we applied an original approach for 3D terrain modeling in the environment of the Blender package, free and open-source software. Finally, we present a series of 3D morphometric models with perspective views from the Atlantic, Eurasia, the Pacific, and North America. The experiment showed that the approach is efficient and can be used for creating next, desktop and web versions of the system for visualizing 3D morphometric models of higher resolutions.
SDG Viz: A Web-based System for Visualizing Sustainable Development Indicators
Authors: Gong Xinyu
Published: July 2019

Abstract. To promote sustainable development, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has adopted “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, which consists of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (e.g., “No poverty” and “Zero hunger”) with a set of 169 targets. To measure and track the progress, 230 indicators have been developed. It has been recognized by many international communities (e.g., ICA and ISPRS) that effective visualization of SDG indicators so as to communicate the SDG status to the public and decision-makers is one of the key issues. In this study, a web-based visualization system called “SDG Viz” has been developed for such a purpose. This system has two main components: visual representation and visual interaction. For visual representation, it has the capacity of producing thematic maps such as choropleth maps, proportional symbol maps, 3D maps and animated maps. For visual interaction, the framework of three stages cartographic interaction proposed by Roth was adopted as the basic for design of system functions. Some interaction functions have also been developed, such as identify, compare, rank, associate and delineate. It is believed that this system is potentially valuable for visualizing SDG indicators.
A New Method for Extracting Elevation Information of River System from Contours
Authors: He Guifang , Liu Minshi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Considering the existing problems in methods of extracting elevation in river system, such as low efficiency, low accuracy, elevation logic errors and other issues, this paper proposes a new method of elevation extraction based on contours. Firstly, the spatial relationship between river system and contours is constructed to improve the intersection efficiency. Secondly, the accuracy of river system elevation can be improved and river flow logical error can be avoided by using the method of interpolation of trend surface of the river section. And then, the river tree is established to avoid the logical error of river system. Many comparison experiments about efficiency, elevation accuracy and elevation logical error between this method and other two conventional methods have been carried out, and the results show that both accuracy and efficiency can be improved and there is no logical error of elevation by this method.
Geospatial literacy in Africa-Nigeria
Authors: Asiyanbola Raimi Abidemi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Literature reveals that geography has always been a critical type of information that humans – in fact all animals – collect, organize, and use, and that place-based information is vital to survival on our planet. Geographic literacy is defined as the ability to apply geographic skills and understanding in personal and civic lives. The growing interest has been sparked by an understanding of the role that spatial literacy plays in implementation of geospatial technologies such as computer, cell phone, internet, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and global positioning systems (GPS). These technologies are fundamentally changing how we see the world and interact with it. This paper examines geospatial literacy, with reference to people’s awareness and use of geospatial literacy aid technologies in Ibadan metropolitan area, Nigeria. The research questions that the paper addresses include the following: How are people’s knowledge of computer, cell phone and internet? How are people’s awareness of geospatial literacy aid technologies? How are people using geospatial literacy aid technologies? Are people interested in learning more on how to use geospatial literacy aid technologies? What are the challenges confronting the people? The data used in the paper was from administration of 152 questionnaires to civil servants in five local governments in Ibadan metropolitan area and at the Oyo State Government Secretariat in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria between February and August, 2017. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the data. Policy implications of the findings towards improving human capacity building in geospatial literacy aid technologies were discussed in the paper.
Space-Time Cube and Mixed Reality – New Approaches to Support Understanding Historical Landscape Changes
Authors: Jahnke Mathias , Bogucka Edyta P. , Turchenko Maria
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Mixed reality is a rather new technology but came to its nowadays success through the availability of devices like Microsoft HoloLens which easily support the users and developers to use such devices. Therefore, visualization specialists like cartographers paid attention due to interaction possibilities such devices provide. In particular, to utilize the huge amount of opportunities such device gave. The applicability within the cartographic domain needs to be further investigated.The main goal of this contribution is to evaluate the applicability of a mixed reality device in the domain of spatio-temporal representations on the example of the space-time cube to show cultural landscape changes. The hologram of the space-time cube provides the changes of the Royal Castle in Warsaw and their surrounding elements. The hologram therefore incorporated the different buildings of the castle, space-time prisms and space-time links to connect building elements over the years. The visual variables colour hue, colour value and transparency are mainly used to feature distinguishable space-time prisms and to show the space-time links. Different colour schemes are developed which features the characteristics of a mixed reality device. The possibilities of input actions are ranging from gaze/head movement, to gesture and voice.The usability evaluation of the mixed reality hologram showed the overall comfort of interactions, perception of the visual components of the space-time cube and determines advantageous features and limitations of the technology. Most of the found limitations are connected to current devices, like e.g. resolution or field of view. An important aspect which came out is, that the experience the user has which such devices/technology plays an important role in successfully use and knowledge discovery from such applications.
Database of Historical Atlases: An Interactive Web Application
Authors: Jílková Petra , Cajthaml Jiri
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Within the currently solved project of Czech Historical Atlas, an extensive analytic research of existing historical atlases was conducted with the aim of creating a large database of Czech (Czechoslovak) and foreign historical atlases released after 1950. During the analysis, the team collected information about more than 400 items. Beside the standard bibliographic description (title, author, country of origin, language, availability in the library, etc.), the database contains additional detail information on the content of the atlases, such as a chronological or spatial determination of the maps or applied methods of thematic cartography, that cannot be found in any library catalogue. The database is published as a complementary web application to Czech Historical Atlas web portal. Besides the large amount of collected information, the database of historical atlases in the form of an interactive web application provides a user-friendly visual analytic platform that enables the user to analyse information about historical atlases easily and effectively across fully interactive dashboards. The database can be used not only by academics in the field of historical and atlas cartography but also by broad public interested in this topic. The web application exists in Czech and English version to meet both, Czech and international public.
Map Production Supporting Activities of Digitalization and AI
Authors: Jobst Markus , Gartner Georg
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The notion “digitalization” comes into vogue in many corners of information and knowledge technologies. Even politicians are aware of the power of digitalization and its impact on society. In general digitalization is not directly dealing with webmapping or location based services, although digital and web-based procedures are the key. But what else could these initiatives of digitalization mean for the mapping domain? Is there an impact on map production, geoinformation management and the way we provide and use geospatial knowledge? The aim of this contribution is to formally extend the function of cartography by the aspect of artificial knowledge expansion and therefore to highlight the basics, requirements and additional emerging methods in map production.
Integrating spatial accessibility estimates derived from crowdsourced, commercial, and authoritative geo-datasets: Case study of mapping accessibility to urban green space in the Tokyo-Yokohama area
Authors: Johnson Brian Alan , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Hashimoto Shizuka , Kumar Pankaj , Onishi Akio
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Parks and other public green spaces (hereafter “urban green spaces”) provide many benefits to urban dwellers, but some residents receive few benefits due to a lack of urban green spaces nearby their home/workplace. Understanding spatial variations in urban green space accessibility is thus important for urban planning. As a case study, here we mapped urban green space accessibility in Japan’s highly urbanized Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefectures using a Gravity Model (GM). As the inputs for the GM, we used georeferenced datasets of urban green spaces obtained from various sources, including national government (Ministry of Land, Transportation, Infrastructure, and Tourism; MLIT), a commercial map provider (ESRI Japan Corporation), and a crowdsourcing initiative (OpenStreetMap). These datasets all varied in terms of their spatial and thematic coverage, as could be seen in the urban green space accessibility maps generated using each individual dataset alone. To overcome the limitations of each individual dataset, we developed an integrated urban green space accessibility map using a maximum value operator. The proposed map integration approach is simple and can be applied for mapping spatial accessibility to other goods and services using heterogeneous geographic datasets.
Spatial Thinking in Children’s Education: The relationship between Geography and Cartography
Authors: Juliasz Paula Cristiane Strina , Castellar Sonia Maria Vanzella
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Spatial thinking, comprised of concepts, representations and spatial abilities, is a cognitive activity developed in everyday living, and can be systematized through different school disciplines, mainly Geography. The comprehension of this concept and the investigation of how it can be developed and systematized in schools are critical points, involving different languages that represent the space. Our main objective is to propose theoretical and methodological references for the spatial knowledge of children aged between 4 and 6 years old. The research is based on the following question: Which spatial abilities and concepts can be addressed in activities aimed at developing spatial thinking in children aged 4 to 6 years old? To answer this question and achieve the main objective, the specific objectives were: a) to investigate and analyze the pertinence, possibilities and approaches regarding the spatial notions in children’s education; b) develop teaching situations based on guiding theories about spatial thinking, children’s drawing and the concept construction under a historical and cultural perspective; c) understand the patterns in children’s graphic representations; and d) analyze the children’s dialogues. The analysis of the research data allowed us to conclude that drawing is part of the cartographic initiation, and words are fundamental elements that concretize the way of thinking, in this case, spatial thinking ability. In this research, we reaffirm the direct relationship between Geography and the development of spatial thinking, considering the very nature of this Science, and Cartography as the language used to materialize this way of thinking.
Analysis of Tourists’ Image of Seoul with Geotagged Photos using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kim Dongeun , Kang Youngok , Park Yearim , Kim Nayeon , Lee Juyoon , Cho Nahye
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this study we aim to analyze the urban image of Seoul that tourists feel through the photos uploaded on Flickr, which is one of Social Network Service (SNS) platforms that people can share Geo-tagged photos. We first categorize the photos uploaded on the site by tourists and then performed the image mining by utilizing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is one of the artificial neural networks with deep learning capability. In this study we are able to find out that tourists are interested in old palaces, historical monuments, stores, food, etc. in which are considered to be the signatured sightseeing elements in Seoul. Those key elements are differentiated from the major sightseeing attractions within Seoul. The purpose of this study is two folds: First, we analyze the image of Seoul by applying the technology of image mining with the photos uploaded on Flickr by tourists. Second, we draw some significant sightseeing factors by region of attraction where tourists prefer to visit within Seoul.
Certificates for High-Quality Cartographic Products
Authors: Bandrova Temenoujka , Lapaine Miljenko , Marinova Silvia
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The study is inspired by questions that students and teachers ask during past experiments that the authors have carried out. The users who represent Bulgarian and Croatian schools are invited to evaluate existing maps and draw their own maps. This research focuses on cartographical mistakes and how they impact user’s understanding of the map. We don’t aim to show or explain all cartographic mistakes. The examples are chosen arbitrarily and do not claim to provide an exhaustive list of the problems.Online maps which hold a significant market share provide cartographic information in various thematic areas for different kind of users. Producers of all world map platforms try to cover all necessary information in a similar way and do not consider user’s age, cultural, professional and knowledge diversity. Similar behaviour is observed with the production of traditional maps where various cartographic mistakes can be pointed.To respond to these observations, Bulgarian and Croatian cartographic associations created rules and conditions under which a cartographic product can receive a Certificate for high-quality map / atlas / other cartographic product.
Mapping in Cartography
Authors: Lapaine Miljenko
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The main goals of this paper are to make readers aware that the term mapping can have many different meanings and to find out the most appropriate definition of mapping in the cartographic context. Moreover, definitions of a map and cartography are derived as natural consequences.
Polar and Equatorial Aspects of Map Projections?
Authors: Lapaine Miljenko , Frančula Nedjeljko
Published: July 2019

Abstract. There is no standard or generally accepted terminology of aspect in the theory of map projections. The term is probably derived from the concept that a graticule is produced by perspective projection of the meridians and parallels on a sphere onto a developable surface. Developable surfaces are widely accepted, and it is almost impossible to find a publication that deals with map projections in general and without developable surfaces story. If found, it usually classifies projections as cylindrical, conical and azimuthal, and applies developable surfaces to define the projection aspect. This paper explains why applying developable surfaces in the interpretation of map projections is not recommended, nor defining the aspect of all projections by the position of a midpoint as polar, equatorial, or oblique. In fact, defining a projection aspect this way is invalid in general, and obscures the fact that the aspect depends on the class to which a particular map projection belongs.