bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIRAL DISEASES CHALLENGING THE CANINE AND FELINE FAUNA AND PROSPECTIVE METHODS TO TRACE THEIR ONSET
Authors: PANDYA MAHARSHI , RAVAL KRUTARTH , RAWTANI DEEPAK , TYAGI SANJIV
Published: July 2023

Over the last century there has been an alarming increase in the number and diversity of epizootic diseases. Pathogens associated with these diseases may be bacterial, viral or parasitic and can spread by direct contact, food, water and/or environment. Zoonosis can lead to disturbances in the production and trade of animal products. Zoonosis comprise of many newly identified infectious diseases as well as many existing ones ex. Canine distemper virus (CDV). These newly identified and less studied viruses are constantly mutating and is a cause of concern for many virologists and veterinarians. Although, with advancement in science and technology, identification of new or previously unknown viruses has become precise and efficient, however, the need of the hour is to focus on identification of potential pathogenicity of the existing and new viruses for development of cure well in advance, to prevent an onset of endemic or a pandemic like ongoing COVID-19. Furthermore, exercising precautionary measures in addition to development of remedial measures will be like developing a double layered defense system as this will promote healthy practices in handling wild animals, maintaining hygiene in their shelter and routine health checkup of technicians working closely with these animals.
ANALYSIS OF METABOLITES PRESENT IN ULTRASONICALLY TREATED KARUPU KAVUNI BY USING GC-MS/FID
Authors: TNA ARUNASREE , BHUVANA S.
Published: July 2023

The Investigation of metabolites present in the ultrasonically treated kavuni rice are determined by the GC-MS/FID.  In this study the karupu kavuni rice is ultrasonically treated at the temperature of 30⁰C &45⁰C and examined for the metabolites by using the GC-MS/FID more than twenty active compounds are identified and found at the different peak heights. At ultrasound treatment 30⁰C and 45⁰C, the highest peak was found at the 18.1min and metabolite found as cis-13-Octadecenoic acid. In untreated kavuni rice similar types of the compounds was identified.  Hence this study proves that the ultrasound treatment on the rice, retains the metabolites, present in the kavuni rice.
EFFECT OF LAND USE ON SELECTED SOIL PROPERTIES IN DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES AT HARAR GITA WATERSHED, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: BEYENE YISHAK , CHERNET MULATU , SINORE TAMRAT
Published: July 2023

The goal of the study was to see how different land-use systems affected soil physical and chemical properties at Dengawura and Abushura, Harar Gita sub watershed in southern Ethiopia.  Ten composites of representative soil samples from two depths (0-20 and 20-40cm) were collected from four land use (enset land, forest land, grassland and Wheatfield). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine differences in soil parameters among land-use types. Treatment means comparison was determined using the least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 levels of significances. The result indicated that there were significant (P < 0.05) differences among the four Land use for soil characteristics. For most parameters evaluated, the most favorable soil properties were observed in the forest land, followed by Enset fields, while the least favorable soil properties were found in intensively wheat fields.  Enset (enset Ventricosum) fields had higher pH, available P, Cu and Zn, exchangeable Ca and K which is attributed due to the addition of manure, whereas wheat fields had the lowest pH, available P, Cu and Zn, average K and Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N and OC.  Overall, this study confirms that the use of Land use increases the status of soil fertility and adopting proper management practices of the soil commonly used in enset fields are very crucial to improve soil fertility in wheat fields.
SEASON WISE FISH CATCH BY FISHERIES CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY BERRIANWALA FROM GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR DURING THREE YEARS
Authors: LAL KRISHAN
Published: July 2023

Gobind Sagar Reservoir is one of the large reservoirs in Himachal Pradesh. This reservoir has been created by damming River Sutlej at Bhakra in 1963. Different fisheries co-operative societies are working in Gobind Sagar reservoir. Fisheries co-operative society Berrianwala is one of these co-operatives. Data about fish caught by co-operative society Berrianwala, during years 2014, 2015 and 2016, was obtained from the state fisheries department of Himachal Pradesh Govt. No fishing was done by fishermen during the June-July months for conservation reasons. As this reservoir is large reservoir, gill nets are suitable gears for operating, catching the fish. Size of the gill nets used was 80 meters X 5 meters. Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cirrhina mrigala, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Tor putitora, Labeo calbasu were some of the fish caught for commercial purpose. Due to flash floods, H. molitrix (silver carp) have got accidently introduced in this reservoir, in year 1971 from the tanks at Ghagus where it was kept. After the accidental introduction in this reservoir, it is flourishing very well.  Different co-operatives working in this reservoir have been allotted specific beats for the administrative reasons. Co-operative society Berrianwala is one of the co-operatives working for fisheries in the Gobind Sagar reservoir. Fishing activities are being performed under the supervision of state fisheries department.

During year 2014, number of fish caught by Berrianwala co-operative were 9014 weighing 20090 kg., during 2015 it remained 7807 (21174.5 kg) and in year 2016 it was 6227 (18092 kg). Different conservation measures were in practice. Season wise variation in fish, caught by Barrianwala co-operative, was recorded.
INSECTICIDAL AND ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (COCCINELLIDAE: COLEOPTERA) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: LOGESHVARARAJ B. , ARIVUDAINAMBI S.
Published: July 2023

The aqueous leaf extracts of different plant such as Cryptostegia grandiflora, Mansoa alliacea, Allamanda cathartica, Allamanda blanchetti and Xanthium strumarium and leaves of tree species such as Kigelia pinnata, Bauhinia Purpurea, Drypetes roxburghi, Conocarpus lancifolius and Polyalthia longifolia were studied against the grubs of Epilachna vigintioctopunctata at various concentrations under laboratory conditions. Among the plant tested, the maximum insecticidal activity and leaf area protection was noticed in Xanthium strumarium 93.33% and 91.62% at 7% concentration with an estimated LC50 of 1.11% followed by D. roxburghii (80.00% & 85.55%) and C. lancifolius (73.33% and 82.90%) respectively. The minimum per cent mortality was noticed in the treatment, Mansoa alliacea 7% with 40.00% and its antifeedancy were 50.97%. Results revealed that both the antifeedancy and mortality was increased with increasing in concentration of the plant extracts.
STUDY OF GOAT MARKET PRICE IN AFAR REGION DUBTI MARKET ETHIOPIA
Authors: KIFLE ZEWUDIE
Published: July 2023

The study's main goal is to look at the factors that influence goat market prices in the Dubti market in Ethiopia's Afar region. The study tried to determine the impact of market features (such as transaction time, buyer and seller type) on goat market price in the study site. The corrected R-square value indicates that the explanatory factors in the model explain 77 % in goat price per head. The current observation revealed that animal traits (bodily condition, age, and weight) as well as market features (seller type) had a significant impact on goat market price fluctuation in the studied area. The regression analysis of the price per kg of live weight model indicated that live weight of animals was significant in all sample markets at a 1% percent confidence level.  Goat body condition has a considerable impact on goat price variation over the full sample markets. Goat prices are also affected by market features such as the type of sellers, the buyer's objective, and the time of transaction on a market day. Providing facilities such as weighting scales, services such as consistent marketing material, and using a regulated grading system might help to avoid subjective pricing.
MOLECULAR STUDIES AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OF Pomphorhynchus laevis (ACANTHOCEPHALA: POMPHORHYNCHIDAE) FROM CYPRINID FISHES IN SULAIMANI GOVERNORATE
Authors: ALI MUQDAD KAMAL
Published: July 2023

A total of 100 fishes (65 of Squalius lepidus and 35 of Carasobarbus luteus) have been collected in Sirwan River in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan region-Iraq. Light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as the sequencing and analysis of (18S rDNA), were used to describe Pomphorhynchus laevis in this study. Molecular analyses results indicate that the PCR product of Pomphorhynchus laevis was 528 bp recorded lowest genetic distance with P. laevis (AY218124.1, AY423346.1 and KF559309.1), P. kashmirensis (MZ381411.1, MZ381412.1 and MZ381413.1) and P. tereticollis (AY423347.1) is 0.000, recorded highest genetic distance with Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii (MT162047.1 and MT162051.1) is 0.017. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that taxonomic position of the species P. laevis is closely related with P. kashmirensis (MZ381411.1, MZ381412.1 and MZ381413.1) and P. laevis (AY218124.1, AY423346.1, KF559309.1 and JX014223.1) and P. tereticollis (AY423347.1) in the phylogenetic trees. The P. laevis identified in our study has the same morphological characteristics as the P. laevis which was found for the first time in Iraq.
AGE AND GROWTH OF Hypophthalmichthys molitrix FROM GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR (HIMACHAL PRADESH) INDIA
Authors: LAL KRISHAN , DUA ANISH
Published: July 2023

Gobind Sagar Reservoir was created in 1963, across River Sutlej by constructing a dam at village Bhakra and is situated in Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Major Carps and exotic carps occur along with other fishes in this reservoir. The exotic carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) had been introduced accidently in the Gobind Sagar Reservoir in 1971. It has a high fecundity and flourishes very well in this reservoir. Scale samples of H. molitrix from this reservoir were collected from 339 fishes during the period from September 2009 to April 2013.These scales shows annual marks called annuli. Age and growth of this carp were studied by using these scales. Length of the fishes from which the scales were collected was ranged from 23 cm to 87cm. H. molitrix from this reservoir has been estimated to be reaching 44.54 cm during the theoretically calculated harvestable size. It appears to be reaching 47.3 cm after completing three years. At age class 2, length remained 36.19 cm and weight remained 417.21 grams and at age class 3, length remained 47.33 cm and weight remained, 990.31 grams.
STUDIES ON In-vitro EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILKWORM COCOON EXTRACTS
Authors: DEEPALI . , SHARMA MEENAKSHI , KUMAR ANEESH , KUMAR AMIT , BHATIA VIKESH KUMAR , KUMARI PRIYANKA
Published: July 2023

Silk from the domesticated Bombyx mori cocoons is composed of adhesive glue (sericin) and fiber (fibroins) proteins which provide a physical barrier to protect pupa. The recovery and reuse of sericin not only minimizes environmental issues but also has high scientific and commercial value. The antimicrobial properties of sericin allow its application for drug delivery and cosmetics. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the antimicrobial efficacy persisted in the cocoons of Bombyx mori. The silkworm cocoon shell extracts were prepared, and their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The cocoon shell extracts demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. It was observed that all the bacterial strains were resistant against cepodoxime. These results unwrap the opportunity to develop a natural antibiotic based on sericin that may be used for the treatment of drug resistant bacteria. However further studies are still required to demonstrate the other beneficial effects of sericin.
STUDY OF THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF ROYAL JELLY AGAINST THE HEPATOTOXICITY OF TWO ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
Authors: DJEMIL RANDA , DJEMLI SAMIR , DEROUICHE FOUZIA , MAAMAR HICHEM , ATI SAMIA , ARROUF DALEL , HOUGGAS AHLAM , KHELLILI KAMEL
Published: July 2023

Aim: Hepatotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect during treatment with antituberculosis drugs, in particular the combination of rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH).

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the contributory role of royal jelly decrease to in antituberculosis drug hepatotoxicity.

Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental study in which the preventive effect of Royal jelly on isoniazid (INH), and rifampicin (RMP) hepatotoxicity is evaluated. In this study 21 male rabbit were randomly placed in three members groups including: control group, isoniazid and rifampicin and (isoniazid (INH), and rifampicin(RMP)) /royal jelly group. At the end of the study the laboratory criteria and histological features of liver toxicity were compared in different mentioned groups.

Results: The treatment with isoniazid/ rifampicin led to Significant increase serum levels of liver enzymes, alkaline phosphate, alat and asat; and significant higher levels of albumin total proteins and Bilirubine, in compare to mixed isoniazid/ rifampicin / royal jelly also Group and the control.

Whereas, the level of GSH concentration and enzymatic antioxidants SGSH-Px were decreased in the groups treatment by Isoniasid(INH), / rifampicin(RMP)comparative to the control grop but the MDA concentration is increased in this groups compared to addition of royal jelly are not present any significant change

In addition, histological studies had not showed liver injury in isoniazid/rifampicin/ royal jelly group, while there was liver injury in isoniazid/ rifampicin alone group.

Conclusion: The royal jelly, prevent the destructive effects of on the liver; probably because of its antioxidant properties.
IMPACT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES ON THE LIVER OF Etroplus maculatus, A FRESHWATER FISH OF KERALA, INDIA
Authors: SULEKHA B. T. , MERCY T. V. ANNA
Published: July 2023

Water pollution induces histological changes in organisms like fishes and it leads to different changes ranging from biochemical alterations in single cell up to changes in fish population. The present sublethal toxicity study reveals the potential adverse effects of monocrotophos and phosphamidon, two widely used organophosphate pesticides in the paddy fields of Kuttanad, on a freshwater fish, Etroplus maculatus, a true denizen in the paddy fields of Kuttanad. Histopathology was used to assess the nature and extent of pesticide induced pathogenesis in E. maculatus. Liver plays a key role in metabolism and subsequent excretion of xenobiotics. The study reveals histological changes in liver included fatty-vacuolation and the displacement of nuclei to the periphery of the hepatocytes, coalescence of vacuoles, coagulated blood, necrosis, neoplasm, etc. Effects at the histological level are usually considered to be an early warning indicator of potential health impacts.
TRADITIONAL DAIRY HUSBANDRY PRACTICES VIS-A VIS ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZED AND ARTIFICIALLY INSEMINATION ON DAIRY CATTLE PERFORMANCES IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: AMANUEL DESALEGN , TADESSE FELEKE , AYELE WONDIMU , ABERA ALEMAYEHU , ABREHAM SELAMU , LATEBO TESFAYE , DETAMO KIBAMO , TADESSE ALEMU
Published: July 2023

The study was conducted with the objective to assess breeding and husbandry practices of dairy cattle and to evaluate estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) services of dairy cattle. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, retrospective study, field monitoring and a participatory farmers’ group discussion. A total of 180 respondents were randomly selected from the two districts (90 from each). For retrospective study; data were collected on productive and reproductive performance of 911 dairy cattle from record books of the AI centers for the 2017 to 2018 period. Field monitoring was conducted for 3 months on 80 cows. The dairy cows or heifers were selected purposively from kebeles and households. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using (SPSS version 20) and the data from the retrospective study and field monitoring were analyzed using (SAS version 9.1). For quantitative data obtained from the field monitoring general linear model procedure of the statistical analysis system (SAS version 9.1) was used. The Natural pasture was the dominant feed source in highlands whereas non-conventional feed was the dominant feed source in midl-altitude [1-3]. Farmers keeping Holstein Friesian and jersey breeds gave slightly higher priority to milk production for cash income, whereas those keeping local cattle breeds gave higher priority to milk production for own consumption. The average age at first calving for native and crossbred cows was 56.48±0.88 and 48.66±8.07 months respectively. AI was the dominant mating system (70.0%) followed by the natural mating system (21.7%). The main reasons for the presence of less satisfaction on AI service were heat detection problem followed by disease, absence of AI technician’s efficiency and distance of AI center [4-6]. Around half (48.3%) of the respondents have medium satisfaction with AI service and synchronization programs. The overall conception rate and number of service per conception were 77% and 1.3% respectively. For our findings, it can be concluded that selecting animals with appropriate age, body condition score (BCS) farmers’ awareness to detect heat and on-time insemination were important factors for improving the efficiency of synchronization program.
Suidasia nesbitti HUGHES (ACARI: SUIDASIIDAE) AND ITS DAMAGE IN STORED GRAINS
Authors: DEVI POONAM , GULATI RACHNA , RANI SUMTI
Published: July 2023

Suidasia nesbitti is an important pest of stored grains and feed on products containing protein, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins, preference for high protein and fat content. It is reported from Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, West Indies, United Kingdom. It feeds on a variety of compounds found in grains, flour, straw, hay, brewer’s yeast, cheese, dried fish and fruit. They prefer flour and broken form because these act as a perfect medium for the growth of the S. nesbitti population. Mite infestation decrease the protein, total soluble sugar, non-reducing sugar, starch and increases the reducing sugar content in stored grains, such as bengal gram, wheat, pearl millet and cowpea. Infestation of S. nesbitti causes germination losses in stored products due to its feeding on the germinal portion of the grains. The present review is an attempt to collect all the available literature on S. nesbitti including its occurrence, preference of food components, biology, role in causing post harvest losses and present systematically under different sub heads.
REDISCOVERY OF Campanacella hamiltonella (WESTWOOD, 1867) (NEUROPTERA: MANTISPIDAE) FROM INDIA AFTER 155 YEARS
Authors: KUMAR RAHUL , SHARMA AJAY KUMAR
Published: July 2023

A rare neuropteran species Campanacella hamiltonella (Westwood, 1867) (family Mantispidae, sub-family Mantispinae) has been reported from the Chotanagpur Plateau, India for the first time. It is also the first record of this species from India after 1867. Morphological descriptions of the habitus are provided with digital illustrations. Mimetic features of this species are also discussed. A potter wasp species Phimenes flavopictum Blanchard, 1845 has also been reported from the same habitat whose abdominal coluoration is mimicked by C. hamiltonella. Discovery of C. hamiltonella from Chotanagpur Plateau suggests its extended geographical range in India which was earlier known to be restricted to Arunachal Pradesh only.
CHARACTERIZATION AND DETECTION OF BEEF FAT ADULTERATION IN DAIRY MILK FAT USING RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: KALAIMANI PRIYA SUBRAMANIAN , KALAKANDAN SURESH KUMAR , THAMBURAJ SUMAN , PALANIVEL RAJENDRAN
Published: July 2023

Adulteration investigation using rheological characteristics of DMF (Dairy milk fat) with melted beef fat at various temperatures been evaluated. The change in properties of steady shear and dynamic shear were measured range of 0.01 to 100% by varying strain of 0.1-100 radian per seconds respectively. Generally, DMF resembles the non-Newtonian fluid with flow behavior index (n) for shear thinning fluid of 0.224 to 0.911. The rate of shear ranged 0 to 100/s, dynamic viscosity values decreased DMF, 10%, 20%,30% and 100% adulterated beef fat from 39 to 0.309, 0.591 to 0.103, 0.331 to 0.251, and 0.115 to 0.0858 and -22.1 to -0.65 Pa.s at 36°C, respectively. Herschel–Buckley model optimized to detect the concentration of adulteration with the shear and stress values at R2 ≤ 0.995. The whole value of dynamic viscosity (η*) is more than value of steady viscosity (η) at the pure DMF and concentration of 10% adulteration.
ASSESSMENT OF WETLAND DEGRADATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES IN LAKE BOYO, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: LETEBO TESFAYE , DETAMO KIBEMO , TESFAY ALEM
Published: July 2023

Although wetlands occupy less than 6% of the earth’s land area, they contribute a lot for ecosystem services than their small area implies. This study aims to model the wetland degradation of Boyo Lake using Geospatial techniques. This study uses Landsat 7 ETM for the year 2000 and 2010 while Landsat 8 OLI used for 2020. The imageries were extracted and geometrically corrected using boundary polygon data using Spatial Analyst Tool in ArcGIS 10.8. Supervised classification was performed using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier. A comparison of land cover statistics assisted in identifying the trend and rate of change at wetland over time. In 2000, water and wetland covered an area of 2743.9 ha (53.3%) and 1680.3 ha (32.7%) of the area, respectively. The analysis shows that water and wetland coverage declined to 1922.9 ha (37.4%) and 1309.4 ha (25.4%) while farmland have increased to 1765.23 ha (34.3%) in 2010. Subsequently, area coverage by water and wetland further declined to 1579.1 (30.7%) and 627.94 (12.21 %) respectively, in 2020. The area under wetland is threatened dramatically with increasing encroachment of farmland over the years. Protecting wetlands from degradation needs the multi-stakeholders involvement and policy enforcement.
PLATE OSTEOSYNTHESIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF A COMPLEX METACARPAL FRACTURE IN A SAND GAZELLE (Gazella leptoceros)
Authors: MANSOUR A. , BOUDEHENE M. A. , BEGHOUL S. , BOUSTEILA A. , ABDELDJALIL M. C.
Published: July 2023

A 5-month-old female gazelle (Gazella leptoceros) from Algeria was presented for consultation at the clinic, following a trauma that occurred when the gazelle was trapped in a wire mesh forelimb. The radiographic examination revealed a complex fracture displaced at the level of the left metacarpus, a surgical treatment by osteosynthesis was carried out, after approach and incision of the fracture site, a reduction and fixation of the bone was practiced using a screwed plate in steel and seven cortical bone screws, a suture by separate stitches was performed to close the skin, and a modified Robert Jones bondage was performed. X-rays performed 7, 15 and 21 days postoperative revealed very limited osteogenic activity and delayed healing despite bone alignment. This may be due to a defect in the periosteal vascularization linked to the direct surgical approach to the fracture.
ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF A TRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN MEN WITH TYPE 2 DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: AL-FATLAWI HAWRAA YOUSIF , JWAD SAHER MAHMOOD
Published: July 2023

The Aim: The current study is conducted to diagnose the relationship between ANP levels and diabetic nephropathy, the applicability of adopting it as a biomarker or an early index to prevent renal failure.

Study Design: The current study estimates the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and some biochemical parameters in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes.

Place and Duration of Study: The study duration was from 1/3/2021 to 1/10/2021. The patients were divided into several groups based on their age, diabetic duration, albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate.

Methodology: It determines the possibility of adopting these levels in diagnosing the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The study also included a follow-up of (60) men with type 2 diabetes who were attending the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center of Al-Sadr Medical Hospital in Najaf, as well as (15) men from the Dialysis Center of the same hospital, and (15) healthy men as a control group, their ages were (30-80) years.

Results: The trial showed a significant effect (P<0.05) for age groups and diabetic duration on the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, amyloid A, serum creatinine, albumin to creatinine ratio in urine, and glomerular filtration rate. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the albumin level in serum. Moreover, the results showed a noticeable increase (P<0.05) in the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, amyloid A, creatinine in serum and glomerular filtration rate with an increase in albuminuria.

Conclusion: A significant increment was indicated by the results reading (P<0.05) in the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, amyloid A, creatinine in serum and the ratio of albumin to creatinine with the progression of the stages of diabetic nephropathy.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Poultry Associated Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Begum S. M. Shakira , Azeez Amthul , Kavitha K.
Published: July 2023

In order to meet consumer demand, the global poultry business is constantly expanding; hence it is crucial to ensure the bio-safety of the poultry farms. In poultry farms, the main sources of bacterial development, increased antibiotic resistance, and environmental dispersion may be poultry feed, litter, and water. The focus of this research is on the identification and characterization of bacterial pathogens found in commercial poultry farms, drinking water samples, feed samples, and litter samples. The 100 samples were gathered from chicken farms in different districts of Tamil Nadu and transported to the lab for additional examination. Serial dilution was used to analyse the samples, which were then examined for colony morphology, microscopic features, and the biochemical traits of the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Bacillus spp., staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. The disc diffusion method was used to evaluate bacterial isolates against various antibiotic drugs. The results of this research indicate that the main sources of bacterial infections are chicken feed, drinking water samples and poultry litter. Salmonella, Pseudomonas, and E. coli prevalence rates were 94%, 80%, and 75%, respectively. Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline both had overall antibiotic resistance rates of 65.65% and 59.23%, respectively. Public health is alarmingly threatened by the presence of these harmful microorganisms in poultry habitats. To reduce the chance of transmitting the bacterial diseases linked to poultry, strict hygiene procedures must be put in place. The use of antibiotics in chicken for promoting growth and illness prevention needs to be properly regulated and executed.
The Occurrence of Microplastics in the Gut Contents of Selected Estuarine Fishes of Southern Kerala, India
Authors: Priji V. S. , Karuppasamy R. , Prasad G.
Published: July 2023

This extensive study intends to assess the abundances of microplastics in estuarine fishes and to examine the spatial and temporal fluctuations in microplastic pollution in selected estuarine ecosystems, including those of the Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam districts. The presence of microplastics (those having a diameter of less than 5 mm) in the estuarine environment is a growing cause for alarm on both a national and international scale. To investigate this, between February 2020 and January 2022, we surveyed the seasonal deposition of microplastics in the stomachs of some estuarine fishes in Southern Kerala. Microplastics came in many forms that we were able to positively identify as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and others. Microplastics were extracted from fish samples taken at 16 sites across two years and categorised according to size, colour, type and polymer content. Microfibers of less than 1 mm in length were the most common type of microplastic discovered in fish; they likely originated in domestic washing machines or garbage. Fish in Southern Kerala may be at greater risk of contamination since microplastics are more readily available there than in most other studies across the world. To better understand the risks to fish and create effective control methods to prevent plastic usage and minimise its influence on the aquatic environment, we advocate for more research on microplastic collecting in estuarine environments. Elemental analysis of sediment samples gathered from these sites. The objective of this study is to identify the toxic elements  may potentially be transmitted to fish through microplastics and humans eat plastic-tainted fish and are exposed to plastic particles which causes various health problems.
A Case Report & Review of Literature of Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia (FCOD)
Authors: Tejaswi A. Satya , Ravikanth M. , Swetha P. , Tatapudi Ramesh , Budumuru Anil
Published: July 2023

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare, multifocal fibro-osseous dysplasia affecting tooth-bearing areas of the jaw, characterized by replacement of normal trabecular bone   with disorganized osseous tissue and dense acellular cementum in a fibrous stroma. It is one of the variants of non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesions known as cemento-osseous dysplasias (CODs), thought to arise from elements of the periodontal ligament. The word 'florid' relates to extensive, wide spread presentation of the disease in the jaws. FCOD is most commonly found in middle-aged, black women with the prevalence of 5.5%. It is even rarer based on the reports Indian Population. It predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent, less frequently in Caucasian and Asian groups. Generally florid cemento-osseous dysplasia is asymptomatic, and is usually detected during radiological examination. In this report, we present a case of a 46-year-old female patient diagnosed with diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis later on histopathological examination revealed FCOD.
Afrika Zamani: n°11 & 12, 2003-2004 - Full Issue
Authors: Journal System
Published: July 2023

Afrika Zamani: An Annual Journal of African History, n°11 & 12, 2003-2004
9 - Maritime Policy and Economic Development: A Comparison of Nigerian and Japanese Experiences since the Second World War
Authors: Ayodeji Olukoju
Published: July 2023

It is now generally recognized that the maritime sector could, if properly harnessed, play a critical role in the development of regional, national and global economies. This is in view of the growth-pole potentials of ports and ancillary industries. Although a comparison of Japan, a leading global power, and Nigeria, a vastly underachieving African country, might sound far-fetched, the effort is rewarding, as shown in this article, for its implications for public policy formulation and implementation. This paper attempts a comparison of the evolution and implementation of policies relating to the development of ports, the mercantile marine and port industries in both countries. Focusing on the roles of the government and the private sector, it locates the discussion in a wider, global comparative context. The prospects and challenges of regional development through the agency of the maritime sector in both Nigeria and Japan are considered in the light of such concepts as 'maritime industrial development areas (MIDAs)' and 'developer ports'. Pertinent lessons in comparative history and public policy analysis are highlighted in the paper, which has benefited from primary research in both countries.
2 - From Collective Leadership to Presidentialism: I.B. Tabata, Authorship and the Biographic Threshold
Authors: Ciraj Rassool
Published: July 2023

This article goes beyond merely drawing on the archive to plot a narrative of South African resistance leader I. B. Tabata's biography as a means of under- standing identity issues about the individual, political movement and the na- tion. It is part of a larger project that tries to push political biography beyond modernist documentary methods and social history frames of individual and social context. It focuses on authorship and writing as one of the circumstances out of which the idea emerged of I. B. Tabata as a leader with a biography as the narrative of a great leader of a liberation movement. It attempts to historicize Tabata's biography, which can be understood as having undergone a transition from biographic denial and a stress on collective leadership to biographic narra- tion under conditions of repression. This process culminated in the embracing of biography as an element of a politics of presidentialism.
6 - Retour sur les conditions historiques et sociologiques de la fondation de la Tijâniyya
Authors: El Hadji Samba Amadou Diallo
Published: July 2023

Suivant la perspective d’une sociologie historique, l’auteur analyse dans cet article, les mécanismes de la création et de la diffusion de la Tijâniyya. Dans un premier temps, il explique, de façon descriptive, comment le fondateur Ahmad al- Tijânî a pu instaurer une nouvelle voie, en nouant des alliances à la fois exogamiques et politiques et en pérégrinant dans un vaste espace religieux qui dépasse les frontières sous-régionales. Le but de ces nombreuses pérégrinations était la quête de savoirs, détenus par les hommes d’Allâh. Dans un deuxième temps, l’auteur articule, dans une démarche théorique, les instances mythiques, mystiques et rituelles qui ont rendu possible la fabrication de la Tijâniyya. Enfin, il dresse les procédés ex licatifs de la démultiplication de l’autorité dans la Tijâniyya du XVIIIe siècle.
3 - Des cow-boys dans la savane : cinéma et hybridation culturelle en contexte colonial
Authors: Odile Goerg
Published: July 2023

Dans les colonies, puis dans les pays indépendants, le cinéma s’offre à la fois comme un vivier d’images dans lequel puiser et comme une scène où se rejouent les relations interpersonnelles. Les images animées permettent d’instaurer un dialogue avec le monde extérieur, d’échanger avec un au-delà inconnu des éléments symboliques qui peuvent être recyclés localement. Circulent des bribes de western, de films hindous, de comédies égyptiennes, etc. et, plus récemment, de productions de Bollywo d qui véhiculent chants, attitudes, dialogues dont l’impact reste à mesurer.
2 - ‘Getting Too Great A Grip’: European Shipping Lines and British West African Lighterage Services in the 1930s
Authors: Ayodeji Olukoju
Published: July 2023

With only one natural seaport on the West African coastline, shipping in the region during the colonial period was dependent upon the use of lighters to feed ocean-going vessels. However, lighterage services were monopolised by the leading expatriate shipping lines which constituted the West African shipping Conference or cartel. This essay examines the reaction of the British government when an American tramp shipper challenged the cartel on the issue of shipping charges in British West Africa and triggered the West African lighterage servi- ces controversy of the 1930s.
The paper exposes the discriminatory practices of the lighterage companies which tried to forestall potential competition on the US/West Africa shipping route. The cartel, by cleverly tying its interests with those of the United Kingdom and mobilising support in the Colonial Office and the Board of Trade, proved too entrenched to be dislodged. In its analysis of the debate among leading officials in the Colonial Office, the essay sheds light on the cleavage between the protectionnists and free traders, the ramifications of business/ government, metropolitan/colonial relations, and on the leverage of shipping in the imperial economic system. It was a system clearly controlled by the imperatives of the paramountcy of British over foreign, and of metropolitan over colonial, interests.
3 - Les cultures africaines à l’épreuve de la colonisation*
Authors: Magloire Somé
Published: July 2023

L’idéologie civilisatrice du 19e siècle, par ses constructions de pensée négati- ves sur l’Afrique et par l’échelle des valeurs qu’elle a établie entre les sociétés humaines, a abouti à l’infériorisation du Noir et à son rejet au faubourg de l’his- toire. Cet article vise à montrer que si l’anthropologie de terrain a contribué à la réhabilitation de la personnalité négro-africaine, les élites africaines se sont réveillées au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale pour reprendre à leur compte cette lutte de réhabilitation qui leur incombait plus qu’à quiconque. Leur expression de la lutte sera nationaliste et anticolonialiste parce qu’elles étaient convaincuees que seule la reconquête de l’initiative historique pouvait permettre la revalorisation ou le renouvellement de leurs cultures.
3 - A Word About René Devisch
Authors: Fabien Eboussi Boulaga
Published: July 2023

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7 - Towards an Intercultural Emancipation: What Does it Mean to be Human in an Increasingly Dehumanised World?
Authors: Jacques Depelchin
Published: July 2023

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0 - Editorial: On CODESRIA and the African Public Sphere
Authors: Ebrima Sall  , Francis B. Nyamnjoh
Published: July 2023

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CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 1 & 2, 2009
Authors: Journal system
Published: July 2023

CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 1 & 2, 2009
6 - International Symposium on African Renaissance
Authors: Iba Der Thiam
Published: July 2023

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A Life Course and Cross-Level Approach to the Study of HIV/Aids in Africa
Authors: Seck Berhane Berhe Araia
Published: July 2023

The social science approach to HIV/Aids research has been tilted excessively in favour of socio-cultural behavioural issues which can distort and mislead. Reviewing the literature on HIV/Aids in sub-Saharan Africa reveals that much of the problem emanates from the lack of an integrated approach, one that simultaneously takes into account the different levels of social life and the timing of events in individuals’ age groups and historical periods. I argue in this paper for an approach that follows a life course perspective. This assumes that the interaction between culture and individual behaviour is mediated by historical location, social relationships, and the life stages of individuals and groups. I therefore propose a research design for the study of HIV/Aids based on this perspective, arguing for a multilevel approach that makes use of available information from demographic and health surveys. I provide some examples of how this approach might work and conclude with suggestions for comparative research studies of HIV/Aids in Africa.
HIV/Aids at the Workplace: A Study of Corporate Responses to the HIV/Aids Pandemic in Zimbabwe
Authors: France Maphosa
Published: July 2023

Zimbabwe has one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world, and they continue to increase. About one million people (10 percent of the population) had been infected with the HIV virus by December 1995 (SAFAids 1997: 1). By 2005 1.2 million people will have died of Aids, and cases of Aids will probably only begin to decline after 2010, about eight years after HIV prevalence rates begin to decline (IDS 1999: 34). The HIV/Aids epidemic has, perhaps inevitably, been perceived primarily as a health problem. However, as the magnitude of the problem becomes clearer, so does the recognition of how far-reaching and comprehensive the impact of HIV/Aids will be at the workplace and in the wider community. This is largely because infection is highest among the economically most productive groups. Chitiyo (1990 quoted by Jackson 1992) states that 90 percent of people infected with HIV are employed. As the Aids threat conti-nues to affect the workplace, employers will increasingly require policies and mechanisms for dealing with personnel issues such as absenteeism, sick leave, ill health and early retirement.
The Impact and Investment Implications of HIV/Aids on Human Capital in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Seck C. N. Mwikisa
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses an aspect of the HIV/Aids crisis which, despite its importance, has not been adequately addressed:the impact of HIV/Aids on investment in human capital in sub-Saharan Africa. To compete in world markets Africancountries have to invest heavily in education and training. In the past, natural resources alone may have been sufficient,but in today’s world the most important factor is technological know-how, or human capital. HIV/Aids makes investmentin human capital both more crucial and more difficult. HIV/Aids is undermining earlier achievements from investmentin education and training and at the same time making new investment more problematic.Human capital in Africa isbeing heavily impacted by the HIV/Aids epidemic. While other resources are only affected indirectly by HIV/Aids,human capital is the entry point of the epidemic into the production system. Thus, as the International Labour Organisation(ILO) argues, Africa’s prospects for development are endangered more than anything else by the annihilation ofits labour force by HIV/Aids and the associated deterioration of education and training (Katsigeorgis 2002). This paperfirst discusses the effects of HIV/Aids on human capital in sub-Saharan Africa and then argues that the currentstrategies to mitigate these effects are not sufficient. Finally a research agenda to address the impact of HIV/Aids onhuman capital in sub-Saharan Africa is outlined.
Anti-Aids Drugs in South Africa: An Argument for Global Community
Authors: Caroline G. Redding
Published: July 2023

In recent years the issue of how to provide Aids drugs to developing countries has been brought to the forefront of international and domestic debate. This issue is of particular importance to sub-Saharan Africa as Aids rates spiral out of control, threatening to bust the budgets of the fragile and underdeveloped health care systems of some of the poorest countries in the world. The Aids drugs debate has drawn a great deal of attention from a variety of constituencies, including pharmaceutical multinational corporations, national governments, international organisations and non-governmental organisations. The most notable result of the debate has been the apparent creation of a new global community. Comprised of various advocacy groups and individuals this community has taken the Aids drugs debate beyond the traditional Westphalian model of nation state interaction and created a model for global participatory democracy.
Surviving on the Streets: Sexuality and HIV/Aids among Male Street Youth in Dessie, Ethiopia
Authors: Getnet Tadele
Published: July 2023

The increasing number of street children is one of the most serious social problems facing Ethiopia today. As many as 200,000 children may be living on the streets. Studies in other countries have shown the importance of understanding sexual attitudes and behaviour among street children, particularly with regard to HIV/Aids. However in Ethiopia almost all studies of adolescent sexuality and HIV/Aids have been conducted among high school and college students. Out-of-school and street children, who are much less accessible, have been neglected. This study in Dessie, a provin-cial town in Ethiopia, is part of the research for an ongoing PhD project titled ‘Ethnography of Sex: An Exploration of the Socio-economic and Cultural Context of Sexuality and HIV/Aids among Ethiopian Youth’. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 30 street children, as well as numerous informal talks and discussions, were conducted during the fieldwork period between October 2001 and February 2002. The study reveals the importance of understanding young people’s sexual behaviour not as a matter of isolated, individual risk-taking, but as aspects of collective behaviour deeply embedded in their way of life.
1 - Repenser la science politique africaniste
Authors: Abdul Raufu Mustapha
Published: July 2023

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6 - Le problème de l’Afrique
Authors: Peter Vakunta
Published: July 2023

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8 - Se réconcilier, juger ou pardonner ? Les Mauritaniens face à leur histoire
Authors: Abderrahmane N’Gaide
Published: July 2023

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11 - A propos de l’essai de Sanya Osha : « Ernest Wamba Dia Wamba : Profil d’un guérillero intellectuel »
Authors: Ernest Wamba dia Wamba
Published: July 2023

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12 - Confondre phénoménologie, épistémologie et place de la race
Authors: Suren Pillay
Published: July 2023

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6 - O combate do professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo pela liberdade, justiça e contra a impunidade
Authors: Salif Yonaba
Published: July 2023

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7 - Joseph Ki-Zerbo : o intelectual, a política e a África: À família Ki-Zerbo
Authors: Salim Abdelmadjid
Published: July 2023

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11 - A grandeza das margens
Authors: Fabien Eboussi Boulaga
Published: July 2023

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13 - Homenagem da Associação dos Historiadores Africanos (AHA) ao Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo (1922-2006) um homem de consciência, de ciência e de dever
Authors: Doulaye Konaté
Published: July 2023

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CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 3 & 4, 2007
Authors: Journal system
Published: July 2023

Editorial.......................................................................................... 1

Para onde vai a África?Joseph Ki-Zerbo ............................................................................. 5

O combate de Joseph Ki-Zerbo: teórico e técnico do desenvolvimento endógeno em ÁfricaFrançoise Ki-Zerbo ......................................................................... 9

Joseph Ki-Zerbo: a seiva alimentadora da identidade africana!Penda Mbow .......................................................................15

Joseph Ki-Zerbo e a preocupação com a ÁfricaDavid Musa Soro ........................................................................... 18

Joseph Ki-Zerbo: um cérebro rebelde!Basile L. Guissou ............................................................................ 20

O combate do professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo pela liberdade e justiça, e contra a impunidadeSalif Yonaba .................................................................................. 23

Joseph Ki-Zerbo : o intelectual, a política e a ÁfricaSalim Abdelmadjid.................................................................... 26

Joseph Ki-Zerbo e a luta pela independênciaToyin Falola .................................................................................. 47

Joseph Ki-Zerbo: uma personalidade africana em acçãoLazare Ki-Zerbo .............................................................................. 51

Joseph Ki-Zerbo e a UNESCO

Jacqueline Ki-Zerbo ........................................................................ 59

A grandeza das margens?Fabien Eboussi Boulaga ......................................................... 60

Joseph Ki-Zerbo e o impulso da historiografia africana: TestemunhoThierno Mouctar Bah ...................................................................... 61

Homenagem da Associação dos Historiadores Africanos (AHA) ao Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo (1922-2006)

um homem de consciência, de ciência e de deverDoulaye Konaté .................................................................................... 63

Joseph Ki-Zerbo, retrato de uma geração africana sob a influência colonialCheikh Hamidou Kane ........................................................................... 68
32 - The Beast and the Icon: No End to Ali Mazrui’s Pax Africana Muddles
Authors: Archie Mafeje
Published: July 2023

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3 - Redefining the Production and Reproduction of Culture in Zimbabwe’s Urban Space: The Case of Urban Grooves
Authors: Guguleti Siziba
Published: July 2023

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3 - Algeria: November, or the Principle of Hope (On the Algerian Liberation Struggle)
Authors: Ali El-Kenz
Published: July 2023

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8 - A Reflection on the Bandung Conference in the Era of Liberal Globalization
Authors: Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo
Published: July 2023

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