bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative 4D CT Localization of Nonlocalizing Parathyroid Adenomas by Ultrasound and SPECT‐CT
Authors: Hinson Andrew M. , Lee David R. , Hobbs Bradley A. , Fitzgerald Ryan T. , Bodenner Donald L. , Stack Brendan C.
Published: August 2015

Objective

To evaluate 4‐dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) for the localization of parathyroid adenomas previously considered nonlocalizing on ultrasound and single‐photon emission CT with CT scanning (SPECT‐CT). To measure radiation exposure associated with 4D‐CT and compared it with SPECT‐CT.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

University tertiary hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Nineteen adults with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent preoperative 4D CT from November 2013 through July 2014 after nonlocalizing preoperative ultrasound and technetium‐99m SPECT‐CT scans. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy of 4D CT were evaluated.

Results

Nineteen patients (16 women and 3 men) were included with a mean age of 66 years (range, 39‐80 years). Mean preoperative parathyroid hormone level was 108.5 pg/mL (range, 59.3‐220.9 pg/mL), and mean weight of the excised gland was 350 mg (range, 83‐797 mg). 4D CT sensitivity and specificity for localization to the patient’s correct side of the neck were 84.2% and 81.8%, respectively; accuracy was 82.9%. The sensitivity for localizing adenomas to the correct quadrant was 76.5% and 91.5%, respectively; accuracy was 88.2%. 4D CT radiation exposure was significantly less than the radiation associated with SPECT‐CT (13.8 vs 18.4 mSv, P = 0.04).

Conclusion

4D CT localizes parathyroid adenomas with relatively high sensitivity and specificity and allows for the localization of some adenomas not observed on other sestamibi‐based scans. 4D CT was also associated with less radiation exposure when compared with SPECT‐CT based on our study protocol. 4D CT may be considered as first‐ or second‐line imaging for localizing parathyroid adenomas in the setting of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of nonpermanent inferior vena cava filter placement in patients with deep venous thrombosis after lower extremity fracture: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Pan Ye , Zhao Jun , Mei Jiacai , Shao Mingzhe , Zhang Jian , Wu Haisheng
Published: August 2015

Objective

To investigate nonpermanent inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in the prevention of perioperative pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients of lower extremity and/or pelvic bone fracture with deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Methods

Lower extremity or pelvic bone fracture patients with lower extremity DVT hospitalized in our hospital from January 2003 to October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Data was analyzed for age, gender, position of fracture, position of proximal of thrombosis, indications of placement, complications, retrieval rate, and rate of entrapped filter clot. Patients who underwent IVC filter placement were selected as the filter group. The patients who did not perform IVC filter placement after 2008 and the cases between January 2003 and December 2007 were selected as control group 1 and control group 2, respectively. The incidence of perioperative symptomatic PE and mortality were analyzed.

Results

A total of 2763 cases complicated with DVT underwent orthopedic surgery between January 2003 and October 2014. 823 nonpermanent filters were inserted. All filters were successfully deployed with no major complications. After a mean 14.2 days indwelling time, all of temporary filters were removed. Retrieval was attempted in 556 patients with retrievable filters and was successful in 545 (98%); mean indwelling time was 16.3 days. The total retrieval rate was 90%. The incidence of PE in the filter group was significantly lower compared with the two control groups. Among the patients who received chemical anticoagulant therapy, the incidence of PE in filter group, control group 1 and control group 2 were 0.14%, 1.60% and 2.10%, respectively. The incidence of PE in filter group was also significant lower compared with control groups.

Conclusion

Nonpermanent IVC filter placement seems like to be a safe and effective method for preventing perioperative symptomatic and fatal PE in bone fracture patients with DVT in the present retrospective study.
Executive Abilities as Reflected by Clock Hand Placement
Authors: Barrows Robin J. , Barsuglia Joseph , Paholpak Pongsatorn , Eknoyan Donald , Sabodash Valeriy , Lee Grace J. , Mendez Mario F.
Published: August 2015

The clock-drawing test (CDT) is widely used in clinical practice to diagnose and distinguish patients with dementia. It remains unclear, however, whether the CDT can distinguish among the early-onset dementias. Accordingly, we examined the ability of both quantitative and qualitative CDT analyses to distinguish behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and early-onset Alzheimer disease (eAD), the 2 most common neurodegenerative dementias with onset <65 years of age. We hypothesized that executive aspects of the CDT would discriminate between these 2 disorders. The study compared 15 patients with bvFTD and 16 patients with eAD on the CDT using 2 different scales and correlated the findings with neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. The total CDT scores did not discriminate bvFTD and eAD; however, specific analysis of executive hand placement items successfully distinguished the groups, with eAD exhibiting greater errors than bvFTD. The performance on those executive hand placement items correlated with measures of naming as well as visuospatial and executive function. On tensor-based morphometry of the magnetic resonance images, executive hand placement correlated with right frontal volume. These findings suggest that lower performance on executive hand placement items occurs with involvement of the right dorsolateral frontal–parietal network for executive control in eAD, a network disproportionately affected in AD of early onset. Rather than the total performance on the clock task, the analysis of specific errors, such as executive hand placement, may be useful for early differentiation of eAD, bvFTD, and other conditions.
Combustion properties and pyrolysis kinetics of flame-retardant polyurethane elastomers
Authors: Chen Xilei , Huo Lili , Liu Jianbo , Jiao Chuanmei , Li Shaoxiang , Qian Yi
Published: August 2015

Flame-retardant polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) have been prepared using trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP) as flame retardant. The combustion performances and thermal decomposition properties of PUEs were studied using cone calorimetry test and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Kissinger method and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method were adopted to discuss the pyrolysis kinetics of PUEs. The experimental results showed that TCEP has good flame-retardant effect for PUE. With the increase of TCEP, the peak heat release rate and total heat release values decrease. A good diagram of linear regression can be obtained from both Kissinger and FWO methods. The activation energy values of flam- retardant PUE can be calculated from FWO method at different conversion rates.
Dynamic rheological behavior of polyfluorinated ethylene propylene/polypropylene blend melts
Authors: Liang JZ , Peng W , Wang KJ
Published: August 2015

The polyfluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)/polypropylene (PP) blend was compounded at melt state in a twin-screw extruder. The melt dynamic viscoelasticity of FEP/PP blends was measured using a Bohlin rheometer with the extended temperature option under experimental conditions with temperature scope from 270°C to 280°C and shear frequency ( ω) varying from 10−2 to 101 s−1. The results showed that the shear storage modulus ( G′) and shear loss modulus ( G″) increased nonlinearly, while the dynamic complex viscosity ( η*) decreased slightly with increasing ω. The G′ and G″ were an exponential function of ω. The G′, G″, and η* of the blend melts decreased with an addition of the PP weight fraction [Formula: see text], and the relationship between them might be expressed by a multinomial third-order equation. This phenomenon might be attributed to the difference in viscoelasticity between the FEP melt and PP melt. The value of tan δ of the blend melts achieved the maximum at about 100 s−1.
How Perceptions of Altruism and Sincerity Affect Client Trust in Volunteers Versus Paid Workers
Authors: Hoogervorst Niek , Metz Judith , Roza Lonneke , van Baren Eva
Published: August 2015

Research has identified that volunteering provides value to organizations, communities, and volunteers themselves. Yet, empirical research on the value that volunteers might provide to recipients of their support (i.e., clients) is very limited. Building on insights from attribution theory, we argue that clients are more likely to attribute support from volunteers to altruistic and sincere motives relative to support from paid workers, and that this provides the foundations for affect-based trust to develop between clients and volunteers. We present data from two experiments that support this indirect effect of volunteerism on affect-based trust. Our findings provide insights into why and how volunteers may provide relational value to clients and human service organizations.
‘Without decontextualisation’: the Stanley Royd Museum and the progressive history of mental health care
Authors: Ellis Rob
Published: August 2015

This paper builds on recent scholarship exploring museum exhibitions and the heritage of mental health care. Using the development of the Stanley Royd Museum in the mid-1970s as a case study, the paper will examine the rationale for the opening of the museum and its link to changing perceptions of mental hospitals in both historical study and what was then ‘current’ practice. It will then provide an overview of the proposed audience for the new museum and briefly analyse its success in communicating its history to its visitors. Ultimately, it will question how successful mental health professionals were in presenting the progressive nature of institutional care at a time when the system was being radically overhauled and reoriented.
Kynanthropy: canine madness in Byzantine late antiquity
Authors: Metzger Nadine
Published: August 2015

Those afflicted bark like dogs, scramble on all fours and loiter around graveyards – canine madness, referred to as kynanthropy, was an illness concept in its own right in the medicine of late antiquity. At roughly the same time as the medical description produced by Aëtius of Amida, the Syrian chronicler John of Ephesus, also from Amida, reported an epidemic of dog-like madness sweeping his home town in ad 560. The symptoms are identical and both authors are from Amida – what is the connection between the two depictions? In addition to the history of the medical concept, the example of the canine madness of Amida and its cultural embedding allows us to contextualize and interpret the significance of dog-like behaviour for the people of the sixth century ad.
‘A vehicle of symbols and nothing more’. George Romanes, theory of mind, information, and Samuel Butler
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R
Published: August 2015

Today’s ‘theory of mind’ (ToM) concept is rooted in the distinction of nineteenth-century philosopher William Clifford between ‘objects’ that can be directly perceived and ‘ejects’, such as the mind of another person, which are inferred from one’s subjective knowledge of one’s own mind. George Romanes, a founder with Charles Darwin of the discipline of comparative psychology, considered the minds of animals as ejects, an idea that could be generalized to ‘society as eject’ and, ultimately, ‘the world as an eject’ – mind in the universe. Yet, Romanes and Clifford only vaguely connected mind with the abstraction we call ‘information’, which needs ‘a vehicle of symbols’ – a material transporting medium. However, Samuel Butler was able to address, in informational terms depleted of theological trappings, both organic evolution and mind in the universe. This view harmonizes with insights arising from modern DNA research, the relative immortality of ‘selfish’ genes, and some startling recent developments in brain research.
‘Robert Schumann’s mental illnesses. (Genius and madness)’, by Mlle Dr Pascal (1908a)
Authors: Gordon Felicia
Published: August 2015

Dr Constance Pascal’s study of Robert Schumann’s mental illnesses, dating from the early years of the twentieth century, reflects contemporary theories on the relations between gifted individuals and mental illness: the genius vs. madness debate. Pascal’s reading of Schumann’s musical career, in conjunction with his mental profile, offers a sympathetic and nuanced overview of the composer and a critical perspective on extant theories of his illness.
Daft Punk, la Toile et le disco: Revival culturel à l’heure du numérique
Authors: Poirrier Philippe
Published: August 2015

Janvier 2014, Los Angeles, cérémonie des Grammy Awards : le duo français de musique électronique Daft Punk remporte cinq récompenses, dont celle de meilleur album de l’année pour Random Access Memories, et celle de meilleur enregistrement pour leur single Get Lucky. Neuf mois plus tôt, le titre Get Lucky s’était imposé en quelques jours sur les Play List des principales radios françaises. La coloration musicale du morceau, certes joué par un duo perçu comme des représentants majeurs de la French Touch, déclinaison française de la musique électronique, est incontestablement disco, genre qui avait émergé en Amérique du Nord au milieu des années 1970, avant de connaître une diffusion planétaire. Cette configuration ne peut qu’interpeller l’historien de la culture, sensible à un questionnaire qui privilégie la création, la circulation et l’appropriation des objets et artefacts culturels. Elle offre l’opportunité de travailler sur l’historicité des phénomènes culturels, de s’inscrire à la fois dans le temps court (celui de sortie et de la diffusion de l’album) et dans le temps long, celui de la postérité d’un genre de la musique populaire des années 1970, entre logique du marché des industries musicales et formes, plus ou moins décalées dans le temps, de patrimonialisation.
Serum level of proximal renal tubular epithelial cell-binding immunoglobulin G in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Yap D Y H , Yung S , Zhang Q , Tang C , Chan T M
Published: August 2015

In vitro data showed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) from lupus nephritis (LN) patients could bind to proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC), but the clinical relevance of such binding remained unclear. Binding of IgG and subclasses to PTEC was measured by cellular ELISA (expressed as OD index) in 189 serial serum samples from 23 Class III/IV ± V LN patients who had repeated renal flares (48 during renal flares, 141 during low level disease activity (LLDA)), and compared with 64 patients with non-lupus glomerular diseases (NLGD) and 23 healthy individuals. Total IgG PTEC-binding index was 0.34 ± 0.16, 0.29 ± 0.16, 0.62 ± 0.27 and 0.83 ± 0.38 in healthy controls, NLGD, LN patients during LLDA, and LN patients during nephritic flare, respectively ( p < 0.001, LLDA vs. renal flare; p < 0.001, healthy controls or NLGD vs. LN during LLDA or renal flare). PTEC-binding index for IgG1 was 0.09 ± 0.05, 0.16 ± 0.12, 0.44 ± 0.34 and 0.71 ± 0.46 for the corresponding groups ( p < 0.001, LLDA vs. renal flare; p < 0.001, healthy controls or NLGD vs. LN during LLDA or renal flare). Sixteen of 48 episodes (33.3%) of nephritic flare showed persistent PTEC-binding IgG seropositivity for more than 9.4 ± 3.1 months, despite clinical response to immunosuppressive treatment. Total IgG and IgG1 PTEC-binding correlated with anti-dsDNA level ( r = 0.34 and 0.52, respectively, p < 0.001 for both), and inversely with C3 level ( r = –0.26 and –0.50, respectively, p = 0.002 and<0.001). Sensitivity/specificity of PTEC-binding index in detecting renal flares was 45.8%/80.1% for total IgG (ROC AUC 0.630, p = 0.007) and 87.5%/35.5% for IgG1 (ROC AUC 0.615, p = 0.018). IgG1 PTEC-binding index correlated with tubulo-interstitial inflammation score in renal biopsy from corresponding patients. Our data suggested that total IgG and IgG1 PTEC-binding index in serum of LN patients correlate with serological activity, and in combination could predict renal flares. The correlation between IgG1 PTEC-binding and tubulo-interstitial inflammation suggests potential pathogenetic significance.
Responding Effectively to Women Experiencing Severe Abuse
Authors: Howarth Emma , Robinson Amanda
Published: August 2015

This article presents key findings from a multisite evaluation of Independent Domestic Violence Advisor (IDVA) services—a form of intervention targeted specifically at women experiencing severe domestic abuse. Results highlight the complex lives of women accessing these services and the efforts of IDVAs to connect women with multiple community resources. Women remaining engaged with services reported positive safety outcomes. Frequency of contact with an IDVA and the number of community resources accessed were positively associated with the odds of achieving safety. These findings suggest this intervention is a promising strategy for tackling severe and complex cases of domestic abuse.
A survey of high-performance computing scaling challenges
Authors: Geist Al , Reed Daniel A
Published: August 2015

Commodity clusters revolutionized high-performance computing when they first appeared two decades ago. As scale and complexity have grown, new challenges in reliability and systemic resilience, energy efficiency and optimization and software complexity have emerged that suggest the need for re-evaluation of current approaches. This paper reviews the state of the art and reflects on some of the challenges likely to be faced when building trans-petascale computing systems, using insights and perspectives drawn from operational experience and community debates.
Monitoring medication adherence in multiple sclerosis using a novel web-based tool: A pilot study
Authors: Settle Jill R , Maloni Heidi W , Bedra McKenzie , Finkelstein Joseph , Zhan Min , Wallin Mitchell T
Published: August 2015

Monitoring medication adherence in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be time consuming and expensive; however, non-adherence is common and is very costly in terms of lost therapeutic benefit and unused medications. To address this problem, we employed a web-based system to monitor and potentially modify medication adherence. Participants ( n = 30) were randomized either to routine care or to the MS Home Automated Telehealth (MS HAT) system. Weekly interferon beta-1a intramuscular (INFbeta-1a IM) injections and daily vitamin D adherence were tracked over a six-month period using multiple modalities: self-reported adherence, calendar diaries, pharmacy refill rates, blood serum levels, and MS HAT alerts. Weekly INFbeta-1a IM adherence was highly correlated across measures; however, vitamin D adherence was not as consistent. Healthcare providers were able to efficiently monitor adherence in a patient-centered way by using the MS HAT system to monitor adherence rather than employing chart reviews and phone calls. In addition, patients with more preserved cognitive function appeared to benefit more from use of the MS HAT system than those with cognitive impairment. While further research is needed to understand the differential effects of MS HAT on specific medications and for different individuals, it is a promising tool for monitoring medication adherence in patients with MS.
Improved glycemic control in veterans with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus using a Specialty Care Access Network-Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes model at primary care clinics
Authors: Watts Sharon A , Roush Laura , Julius Mary , Sood Ajay
Published: August 2015

Introduction

An increasing number of patients with diabetes mellitus has created a need for innovative delivery of specialized care not only by diabetes specialists but also by primary care providers (PCPs) as well. A potential avenue to address this need is training of PCPs by specialists via telehealth. The Veteran Affairs (VA) Specialty Care Access Network-Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (SCAN-ECHO) program includes education and case-based learning for PCPs by a multidisciplinary specialty team utilizing videoconferencing technology.

Methods

Two PCPs completed a year of SCAN-ECHO diabetes training. These two PCPs set up “diabetes mini-clinics” to treat difficult-to-control high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus from their own panel and from their colleagues in the same community-based outpatient clinic (CBOC). We utilized a retrospective program evaluation by t-test using pre/post glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) lab values after being seen by the two PCPs.

Results

A total of 39 patients, all with HbA1c > 9.0%, were seen in the two PCP mini-clinics over 15 months. The mean HbA1c improved from 10.2 ± 1.4% to 8.4 ± 1.8% ( p < 0.001) over the average follow-up period of five months. This was not explained by system-wide changes or improvements.

Discussion

Care of veteran patients with poorly controlled diabetes by PCPs who participated in SCAN-ECHO program leads to improvement in glycemic control. This model of health care delivery can be effective in remote or rural areas with limited availability of specialists.
Inside the earthquake: Perceived disaster exposure and helping intentions among Italian and immigrant victims of the 2012 Italian earthquakes
Authors: Andrighetto Luca , Vezzali Loris , Bergamini Giulia , Nadi Chaima , Giovannini Dino
Published: August 2015

The aim of the present research was to investigate the psychological processes driving outgroup helping intentions among ethnic groups actually involved in natural disasters. We proposed that disaster exposure would be associated with different degrees of outgroup helping intentions depending on victim’s ethnic group of belonging. Specifically, based on an integration between the common ingroup identity model (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000) and the integrated threat theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000), we hypothesized that perceived disaster exposure would be negatively associated with ethnic majorities’ altruistic intentions via increased outgroup threat, and it would be positively associated with ethnic minorities’ altruistic intentions via enhanced one-group perception. The findings of our research conducted with Italian natives (i.e., majority group) and immigrants (i.e., minority group) struck by the 2012 Northern Italian earthquakes fully supported our predictions. Implications of these findings for developing “altruistic” communities in postdisaster contexts are discussed together with the importance of considering the combined contribution of different psychological theories.
Evaluating the predictive ability of childhood body mass index classification systems for overweight and obesity at 18 years
Authors: Brann Ebba , Sjöberg Agneta , Chaplin John E. , Leu Monica , Mehlig Kirsten , Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin , Lissner Lauren
Published: August 2015

Aim: To evaluate the performance of three childhood body mass index classification systems defining weight status at age 10, for predicting overweight and obesity at 18 years, according to the World Health Organization adult body mass index classification. Methods: Weight and height of 4235 Swedish girls and boys were measured both at around ages 10 and 18 years. Predictive ability of the extended International Obesity Task Force body mass index cut-offs (2012), the World Health Organization body mass index-for-age (2007) and a Swedish body mass index reference (2001) were assessed for sensitivity and specificity. Results: For predicting overweight including obesity at 18 years, the World Health Organization 2007 and the Swedish body mass index reference 2001 had similar sensitivity, 68% and 71%. The International Obesity Task Force 2012 had a significantly lower sensitivity, 53%. Specificity was 82–91% and highest for International Obesity Task Force 2012. For predicting obesity, the sensitivity for International Obesity Task Force 2012 was 29%, significantly lower than for the other two, 63% and 70%. Specificity was 94–100%, and highest for International Obesity Task Force 2012. Conclusions: In situations when optimal screening sensitivity is required for identifying as many high-risk children as possible, the World Health Organization 2007 and the Swedish body mass index reference 2001 performed better than the International Obesity Task Force 2012. However, it is important to keep in mind that the International Obesity Task Force 2012 will identify the fewest false positives.
Implementation of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Lesions in Norway
Authors: Rushfeldt C. , Aabakken L.
Published: August 2015

Background and Aims:

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a minimal invasive method for an en bloc resection of dysplasia or early cancer in the stomach. It was developed in Japan in the 1990s, but thus far has not been widely adopted in Western countries. The aim of this study is to report from the introductory phase of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in a small-volume Scandinavian center.

Material and Methods:

The 15 first patients operated on with endoscopic submucosal dissection in the stomach at the University Hospital of North Norway were consecutively registered in a prospective database and evaluated as a quality assurance study. The indications for the procedures were diagnostic or therapeutic.

Results:

Three patients had benign lesions, three had low-grade dysplasia, five had high-grade dysplasia, two had neuroendocrine tumors, and two had early gastric cancers (T1b). The R0 resection rate was 83%. One neuroendocrine tumor was directed to surgery. No recurrences have been detected after the median of 6 months, and with the exception of one delayed bleeding being treated endoscopically, no serious complications occurred. Two perforations were perioperatively closed with clips.

Conclusion:

This is the first report on gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection in Scandinavia. Preliminary results from an introductory phase indicate that endoscopic submucosal dissection for dysplasia or early gastric cancer may be conducted safely and with acceptable results even in a small-volume center, assuming that surgeons and gastroenterologists in a region direct cases to one individual who can learn this skill.
Investigating aspects of data visualization literacy using 20 information visualizations and 273 science museum visitors
Authors: Börner Katy , Maltese Adam , Balliet Russell Nelson , Heimlich Joe
Published: August 2015

In the information age, a person’s ability to read and make data visualizations is nearly as important as being able to read and write text. This article reports the results of a multi-phase study conducted in informal learning environments in three US science museums. The goal of the study was to determine the familiarity of youth and adult museum visitors with different visualization types. To address this, a total of 273 visitors were shown 5 out of 20 different visualizations that included two charts, five maps, eight graphs, and five network layouts. They were asked to judge the familiarity of the visualization, provide information on how to read it, and provide a name and identify typical locations where they would encounter the data display and possible data sources that might be visualized in this way. The results show that while most participants have a strong interest in science, math, and art, many have a hard time naming and interpreting visualizations. Participants in this study commonly encounter visualizations in school, in books, at work, on the Internet, and in the news. Overall, they were more familiar with basic charts, maps, and graphs, but very few are familiar with network layouts and most have no ability in reading network visualizations. When asked how they would interpret the visualizations, most participants pointed to superficial features such as color, lines, or text as important to developing understanding. Overall, we found that participants were interested in the visualizations we presented to them, but had significant limitations in identifying and understanding them. The results substantiate intuitions shared by many regarding the rather low level of data visualization literacy of general audiences. We hope they will help catalyze novel research on the development of easy-to-use yet effective visualizations with standardized names and guaranteed properties that can be readily used by those interested to understand and solve real-world problems. The results also have implications for how information visualizations are taught and used in formal and informal education, the media, or in different professions.
Last Breath: unofficial pre-demolition celebrations
Authors: Dekeyser Thomas , Garrett Bradley L.
Published: August 2015

Last Breath is a project that invites artists to contribute a piece of work to a building which is soon to be destroyed. Artistic offerings are recorded in photographs and on video, records released once the building, along with the art, has been demolished. These place-making events perform a kind of audio/visual memento mori, reminding us not only of the perpetual transitoriness of urban existence but also of the potential for participation in such processes. In this article, words, still images and videographic footage are blended to explore and imagine what sorts of affective capacities the project might afford through its creative interventions and mediations.
Measuring the Evolutionarily Important Goals of Situations
Authors: Brown Nicolas A. , Neel Rebecca , Sherman Ryne A.
Published: August 2015

According to the Fundamental Motives Framework, basic goals such as protecting oneself, forming coalitions, and avoiding disease have emerged as a result of evolutionary processes to enhance reproductive fitness. This article introduces the Situational Affordances for Adaptive Problems (SAAP), a measure of situation characteristics that promotes or prevents the achievement of these evolutionarily important goals. In Study 1, participants rated a recent situation they encountered using a preliminary version of the SAAP. Using factor analysis, the measure was reduced to 28 items. In Study 2, the factor structure was confirmed. Studies 3 and 4 evaluated the psychometric properties of the measure including its predictive validity. Future studies can use the SAAP to investigate differences in the everyday experience of these fundamental motives.
Protecting the Next Generation
Authors: Sundstrom Beth , Carr Laura A. , DeMaria Andrea L. , Korte Jeffrey E. , Modesitt Susan C. , Pierce Jennifer Young
Published: August 2015

This study guides social marketing campaigns to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young women by elaborating the health belief model (HBM). A self-administered, anonymous, web-based questionnaire was e-mailed to all entering female college students at a large, public university in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Findings elaborate the HBM constructs of perceived threat, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Almost all participants had heard about the HPV vaccine and the majority of first-year students had received at least one shot in the vaccination series. Results expand understandings of perceived threat in relation to the HPV vaccine by explicating misinformation and knowledge gaps. Participants indicated that parents and physicians were their most trusted sources of vaccine information. Television and Internet cues to action were negatively associated with HPV vaccination among these women. Structural equation modeling results affirmed the HBM’s fit (comparative fit index = 0.935, normative fit index = 0.921, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.077). This finding suggests the importance of multimodal sources of information, expanding the dichotomous internal and external cues to action. Perceptions of vaccine safety remained a significant barrier to the uptake of HPV vaccination among participants. Racial disparities between White and non-White students could have a considerable impact on the established inequality in HPV vaccination rates in the United States. Results inform future social marketing campaign messages and strategies based on the HBM.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Wound Management
Authors: Dini Valentina , Oranges Teresa , Rotella Luca , Romanelli Marco
Published: August 2015

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, burdensome, debilitating disease of the hair follicle. It presents with recurrent painful inflamed and noninflamed lesions usually in specific body areas such as axillary, inguinal, perineal, and genital areas. It is associated with a large range of other diseases and conditions, such as obesity, arthropathy, inflammatory bowel diseases, and sqaumous cell carcinoma. Medical therapy may be systemic or topical, mainly based on antibiotics, retinoids, hormones and immunosuppressive drugs, including biological therapies. Surgical and laser therapies may be a valid therapeutic approach in order to treat locally recurring lesions. The aim of this article is to review the wound healing options after skin excision and laser treatments, with a focus on lesions left to heal by secondary intention, analyzing the efficacy of moist wound dressings, negative pressure wound therapy, bioactive dressings, such as platelet-rich plasma gel and hylarunoic acid scaffold, or autologous keratinocyte suspension in platelet concentrate and skin-grafting tecniques.
Testosterone and prostate cancer: an evidence-based review of pathogenesis and oncologic risk
Authors: Michaud Jason E. , Billups Kevin L. , Partin Alan W.
Published: August 2015

Testosterone plays a central role in male development and health. Likewise, androgen deficiency, or hypogonadism, is associated with a variety of symptoms including decreased energy, diminished libido and erectile dysfunction, among others. Male androgen levels steadily decline with age, and, in a subset of symptomatic older men, can result in late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). Over the last decade, increased awareness of hypogonadism among patients and providers has led to a significant rise in the use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for hypogonadism, and especially in LOH. Accompanying the rise in TRT are concerns of potential adverse effects, including cardiovascular risks and the promotion of prostate cancer. The ‘androgen hypothesis’ asserts that prostate cancer development and progression is driven by androgens, and thus TRT has the theoretical potential to drive prostate cancer development and progression. In this review, we examine existing data surrounding testosterone and prostate cancer. There is significant evidence that androgens promote prostate cancer in experimental systems. However, there is no clear evidence that elevations in endogenous testosterone levels promote the development of prostate cancer in humans. As a result of experimental and historical data on the progression of prostate cancer following TRT, there has been widespread belief that TRT will promote disease progression in prostate cancer patients. Despite these fears, there are a growing number of studies demonstrating no increase in prostate cancer incidence among men on TRT. Furthermore, in studies involving a small number of patients, there has been no discernable increase in disease progression in prostate cancer patients on TRT. While data from large, prospective, randomized, controlled trials are absent, TRT in select prostate cancer patients is likely safe. In the end, the use of TRT in prostate cancer patients is still considered experimental and should only be offered after well-informed shared decision making and with close monitoring.
The Role of Mobile Applications in Improving Alcohol Health Literacy in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tamony Peter , Holt Richard , Barnard Katharine
Published: August 2015

Background:

Mobile health (mHealth) is an expanding field which includes the use of social media and mobile applications (apps). Apps are used in diabetes self-management but it is unclear whether these are being used to support safe drinking of alcohol by people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Alcohol health literacy is poor among young adults with T1DM despite specific associated risks.

Methods:

Systematic literature review followed by critical appraisal of commercially available apps. An eSurvey investigating access to mHealth technology, attitudes toward apps for diabetes management and their use to improve alcohol health literacy was completed by participants.

Results:

Of 315 articles identified in the literature search, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Ten diabetes apps were available, most of which lacked the educational features recommended by clinical guidelines. In all, 27 women and 8 men with T1DM, aged 19-31 years were surveyed. Of them, 32 had access to a smartphone/tablet; 29 used apps; 20 used/had used diabetes apps; 3 had used apps related to alcohol and diabetes; 11 had discussed apps with their health care team; 22 felt more communication with their health care team would increase awareness of alcohol-associated risks.

Conclusions:

Use of mobile apps is commonplace but the use of apps to support safe drinking in this population was rare. Most participants expressed a preference for direct communication with their health care teams about this subject. Further research is needed to determine the preferences of health care professionals and how they can best support young adults in safe drinking.
IQWiG Reanalyzes and Raises Questions About an Article by Ly et al Which Concluded Low Glucose Suspend Is Very Beneficial
Authors: Heinemann Lutz , Hermanns Norbert
Published: August 2015

In 2013, Ly et al published a study in JAMA reporting a massive reduction in the frequency of severe hypoglycemic events when the patients used sensor augmented insulin pump therapy with low glucose suspense. The data of this study were reanalyzed by the IQWiG when this German institute started its evaluation of the evidence for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) usage. The IQWiG came to a contrary conclusion than the authors of the Ly study. Decisive for this was the statistical analysis of the Ly study that led the IQWiG to evaluate this result as a lack of evidence for the superiority of CGM (plus pump) for preventing hypoglycemia. In this commentary, a direct English translation of the IQWiG analysis is provided to enable the reader to come to his or her own conclusion about this study.
East-West Swerves: Cārvāka Materialism and Akbar's Religious Debates at Fatehpur Sikri
Authors: Wojciehowski Hannah Chapelle
Published: August 2015

This essay investigates the reemergence of Cārvāka materialist philosophy in late sixteenth-century Mughal India and its possible relation to and impact on the European Renaissance and Enlightenment. India's ancient tradition of materialist philosophy (originally called Lokāyata, “prevalent in the world”) arose at approximately the same time that materialism developed independently in ancient Greece. Like the atomistic philosophies of Epicurus and later Lucretius in the West, this form of materialism was strongly condemned by other philosophical and religious sects of India because of its denial of an afterworld. Beginning in the mid-1570s, the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great instigated a series of religious and philosophical debates at his court at Fatehpur Sikri in India. Assembled representatives of many religions and philosophies of the world, including the Cārvākas, debated the nature of truth and the best possible worldview. Though its proponents did not win the debate, did Cārvāka materialism have a “renaissance” in Mughal India, as Lucretian atomism arguably had in Europe? Moreover, did early modern debates about materialism in one part of the world prompt or influence similar discussions in another? This essay investigates the writings of Jesuit missionaries at the court of Akbar and his heirs as possible vectors of influence between disparate regions of the world and traces information flows that, following Lucretius and Stephen Greenblatt, might be called “swerves,” to argue that the so-called rise of modernity was, in part, a product of early modern globalization.
Defending Lateness: Deliberations on Acceleration, Attention, and Lateness, 1900–2000
Authors: Fuchs Anne
Published: August 2015

As the flip side of acceleration, lateness and slowness disrupt the relentless logic of the modernizing project by critiquing the harnessing of attention that is a hallmark of modernity's high-speed society. This article debates three prominent modes of lateness around 1900 that interrogate modernity and its prioritization of mobility and speed: first, the moral interpretation of lateness as a stigma (Friedrich Nietzsche, Thomas Mann); second, the psychic view of lateness as a condition of perception (Georg Simmel, Franz Kafka, Robert Walser); and third, the psychoanalytic interpretation that turns lateness into a generative principle of cultural change (Sigmund Freud, Robert Musil, Mann). The article then returns to the current debate on acceleration and the question of whether our “Age of Innovation” is characterized by a fundamental devaluation of the past in favor of an ever-accelerating present. Arguably, the fears about the mal du siècle and the loss of cultural connectivity have been a constant companion of modernity.
Binding partners of the kinase domains inDrosophilaobscurin and their effect on the structure of the flight muscle
Authors: Katzemich Anja , West Ryan J. H. , Fukuzawa Atsushi , Sweeney Sean T. , Gautel Mathias , Sparrow John , Bullard Belinda
Published: August 2015

Drosophila obscurin (Unc-89) is a titin-like protein in the M-line of the muscle sarcomere. Obscurin has two kinase domains near the C-terminus, both of which are predicted to be inactive. We have identified proteins binding to the kinase domains. Kin1 bound bällchen (ball, an active kinase), and both Kin1 and Kin2 bound MASK (a 400 kDa protein with ankyrin repeats). Ball was in the Z-disc and M-line of the flight muscle (IFM) and distributed diffusely in the sarcomere. MASK was in both the M-line and the Z-disc. Reducing expression of ball or MASK by siRNA resulted in abnormalities in the IFM, including missing M-lines and multiple Z-discs. Obscurin was still present, suggesting the kinase domains act as a scaffold binding ball and MASK. Unlike obscurin in vertebrate skeletal muscle, Drosophila obscurin is necessary for the correct assembly of the IFM sarcomere. We show that ball and MASK act downstream of obscurin, and both are needed for development of a well defined M-line and Z-disc. The proteins have not previously been identified in Drosophila muscle.
Jenseits der Cloud: Metadaten- und Datenmanagement in der bibliothekarischen Infrastruktur
Authors: Altenhöner Reinhard
Published: August 2015

In der laufenden Diskussion um die zukünftige Informationsinfrastruktur spielen – auch vor dem Hintergrund einer entsprechenden Förderinitiative der DFG – bibliothekarische Metadaten, ihre Erzeugung und -verwaltung sowie die Träger der entsprechenden Systeme in einem globalen Kontext eine Rolle. Der erste Teil dieses Beitrags versuchte sich an einer Verortung der laufenden Bemühungen einerseits, er beleuchtete aus Sicht des Autors wesentliche Perspektiven und den absehbar erreichbaren Stand. Damit eng verknüpft ist der vorliegende zweite Teil, der sich mit dem Einsatz von Text- und Datamining-Verfahren in Bibliotheken mit einem Schwerpunkt auf den Aktivitäten der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek beschäftigt.
Sequence-specific DNA nicking endonucleases
Authors: Xu Shuang-yong
Published: August 2015

A group of small HNH nicking endonucleases (NEases) was discovered recently from phage or prophage genomes that nick double-stranded DNA sites ranging from 3 to 5 bp in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+. The cosN site of phage HK97 contains a gp74 nicking site AC↑CGC, which is similar to AC↑CGR (R=A/G) of N.ϕGamma encoded by Bacillus phage Gamma. A minimal nicking domain of 76 amino acid residues from N.ϕGamma could be fused to other DNA binding partners to generate chimeric NEases with new specificities. The biological roles of a few small HNH endonucleases (HNHE, gp74 of HK97, gp37 of ϕSLT, ϕ12 HNHE) have been demonstrated in phage and pathogenicity island DNA packaging. Another group of NEases with 3- to 7-bp specificities are either natural components of restriction systems or engineered from type IIS restriction endonucleases. A phage group I intron-encoded HNH homing endonucleases, I-PfoP3I was found to nick DNA sites of 14–16 bp. I-TslI encoded by T7-like ΦI appeared to nick DNA sites with a 9-bp core sequence. DNA nicking and labeling have been applied to optical mapping to aid genome sequence assembly and detection of large insertion/deletion mutations in genomic DNA of cancer cells. Nicking enzyme-mediated amplification reaction has been applied to rapid diagnostic testing of influenza A and B in clinical setting and for construction of DNA-based Boolean logic gates. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-ribonucleoprotein complex consisting of engineered Cas9 nickases in conjunction with tracerRNA:crRNA or a single-guide RNA have been successfully used in genome modifications.
Semanalysis, Psychoanalysis, and Poststructuralist Feminism
Authors: Festić Fatima
Published: August 2015

Taking the concept of semanalysis as Julia Kristeva’s proposition of a cross-disciplinary work on that which is trans- beneath-, and also beyond the linguistic, it is logical and inevitable to read its psychoanalytic stems, specifically from Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, along with their further dispersal and redirection or utilization in poststructuralist feminism. This article shows how the playing field of these interacting lines re-elucidates Kristeva’s concept of semiotic also as providing with a political dimension the sought out “deeper and hidden meanings”. Further, the article argues that the poststructuralist profiling - Lacan’s semioticizing Freud, Kristeva’s rewriting their common equaling of women with negative/death/lack/void and her further tuning with Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray, - reveals what semanalysis is about, and what it can lead to. The article also looks for a possible actualization of semanalysis along with Rosi Braidotti's nomadic matter-realist thought.
Dynamics of the Collateral Encyclopedia
Authors: Thellefsen Torkild , Sørensen Bent , Thellefsen Martin
Published: August 2015

Both Umberto Eco and Charles S. Peirce have been concerned with the notion of background knowledge. Eco refers to background knowledge as the encyclopedia; Peirce’s term of reference is collateral experience. The aim of this article is to investigate the degree to which these two concepts are comparable. We focus on one major metaphysical issue, viz. the fact that Eco defines collateral experience, which is the first step in any process of cognition, as private, whereas Peirce, as a realist, would never accept the concept of private thoughts, feelings, etc. We suggest that freeing collateral experience from its nominalistic nomenclature makes possible a comparison and synthesis of Eco’s and Peirce’s conceptions when seen from the perspectives of their cognitive type, nuclear type, and molar content.