bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of CLL on EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Some students in the university got some difficulties to express their ideas, especially expressing in foreign language such as English. How to start comunication and interaction sometime need someone to stimulate. The phenomenon often encountered in various levels of education even to the students college. The students tended to be very subjective towards topics, their peer or even partner. In the teaching and learning process, the teacher not only transfer the information to the students but also facilitate the students, stimulate to learn English and provide the technique suitable with the students’ need. Teaching English language might be carried out through several techniques, one of them was CLL (Community Language Learning). In this technique, students were treated as clients who could express their problems to the counselor as well as in the community. In addition, the teacher played the role of translator to help students express themselves using English. This means that learners had enough opportunities to speak without worrying about their limitations in using English. The results showed that CLL helped students to express ideas systematically. The ideas were organized well, understandable, and standardized. In addition, CLL improved the result of students’ score in speaking skill. The mean score increased from 54.74 in pre-test to 72.86 in post-test. It means that CLL gave good influence on students’ speaking skill.
Aplikasi Pembelajaran Interaktif Pengenalan Hewan pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Maulida Nurul , Anra Hengky , Pratiwi Helen Sasty
Published: October 2018

Pada Anak usia dini umur 0-6 tahun berada di masa peka. Masa seluruh potensi dapat dikembangkan secara optimal  dalam aspek fisik, bahasa, kognitif. Kemampuan membaca berhubungan aktivitas membaca, pada anak usia dini membaca membutuhkan berbagai stimulasi. Stimulasi diberikan melalui media pembelajaran dalam pengenalan makhluk hidup yang  disekitar. Aplikasi teknologi berbasis komputer dalam pembelajaran dikenal sebagai Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). CAI atau pembelajaran berbantuan komputer merupakan pengembangan dari teknologi informasi terpadu yaitu komunikasi (interaktif), audio, video, penampilan citra (image) yang dikemas dengan sebutan teknologi multimedia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan aplikasi yang memanfaatkan teknologi multimedia dengan konsep CAI untuk anak usia dini dalam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah research and development (penelitian dan pengembangan) yaitu metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan menguji ke efektifan produk.  Hasil yang didapatkan dari uji coba dan validasi menggunakan skala guttman dari sisi materi dengan nilai koefisien reabilitas = 1 dan koefisien skalabilitas 1 , dari sisi multimedia nilai koefisien reabilitas =1 dan koefisien skalabilitas 1, dari sisi CAI  nilai koefisien reabilitas = 1 dan koefisien skalabilitas 1, yang berarti aplikasi ini layak menjadi media pembelajaran dan sudah memenuhi sebagai kriteria aplikasi CAI berbasis multimedia yang ditunjukan untuk anak usia dini dengan usia 5-6 dalam mengenal hewan dengan konsep tutorial dan game.
Algortima Pembagian Frasa Dalam Kalimat Untuk Menigkatkan Akurasi Mesin Penerjemah Statistik Bahasa Indonesia – Bahasa Bugis Wajo
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana , Sujaini Herry , Pratiwi Helen Sasty
Published: October 2018

Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan nilai akurasi hasil terjemahan adalah dengan melakukan pembagian frasa dalam kalimat korpus. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menigkatkan akurasi mesin penerjemah statistik Bahasa Indonesia – Bahasa Bugis Wajo. Penelitian ini  mengimplementasikan algoritma pembagian frasa pada mesin penerjemah statistik, serta melakukan pengujian akurasi berdasarkan pembagian frasa dalam kalimat pada korpus paralel, dengan melakukan pemenggalan kalimat. Pemenggalan kalimat korpus dapat dilakukan dengan kondisi kalimat memiliki kata kunci seperti tanda koma, kata penghubung, kata negatif, kata keterangan penguat, kata tingkat perbandingan, kata yang menyatakan keadaan, kata depan dan adverbia. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai akurasi hasil terjemahan tanpa dan dengan pembagian frasa dalam kalimat korpus. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara otomatis menggunakan bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU). Hasil dari pengujian algoritma pembagian frasa yang diimplementasikan pada mesin penerjemah statistik bahasa Indonesia – bahasa Bugis Wajo mengalami peningkatan. Nilai akurasi sebesar 59,15% meningkat dari mesin tanpa pembagian frasa dan sebesar 0,07% meningkat dari mesin  dengan pembagian frasa tujuh algoritma
Malware Security Menggunakan Filtering Firewall Dengan Metode Port Blocking Pada Mikrotik RB 1100AHx2
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Sony , Ryansyah Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan penyebaran malware yang terdapat dalam jaringan kampus. Salah satu dampak adanya malware dalam jaringan kampus adalah overload traffic bandwidth, sehingga menyebabkan kendala bandwidth yang cepat habis atau lalu lintas transfer data baik yang masuk maupun yang keluar menjadi lambat dari biasanya. Umumnya sebuah kampus atau universitas memiliki struktur jaringan yang didalamnya dikelola oleh satu atau lebih router di dalam mengelola jaringan dan bandwidth. Beberapa router memiliki kemampuan pengaturan firewall yang sudah cukum mumpuni namun perlu dikelola lebih spsesifik berdasarkan kebutuhan skala jaringan dan bandwidth yang tersedia. Dengan menciptakan rule-rule yang baik di dalam firewall akan lebih mudah dalam melakukan filtering terhadap lalu lintas trafik jaringan dan bandwidth sehingga dapat menciptakan keamanan dan kenyamanan pengguna jaringan dan bandwidth.
An Activity-based Probe Targeting Non-catalytic, Highly Conserved Amino Acid Residues Within Bromodomains
Authors: D’Ascenzio Melissa , Pugh Kathryn , Konietzny Rebecca , Berridge Georgina , Tallant Cynthia , Hashem Shaima , Monteiro Octovia P. , Thomas Jason R. , Schirle Markus , Knapp Stefan , Marsden Brian D. , Fedorov Oleg , Bountra Chas , Kessler Benedikt M. , Brennan Paul E.
Published: October 2018

Bromodomain-containing proteins are epigenetic modulators involved in a wide range of cellular processes, from physiological recruitment of transcription factors to pathological disruption of gene regulation and cancer development. Since the druggability of these acetyl-lysine reader domains was established, efforts were made to develop potent and selective inhibitors across the entire family. Here we report the development of a small molecule based approach to covalently modify recombinant and endogenous bromodomain-containing proteins by targeting a conserved lysine and a tyrosine residue in the variable ZA or BC loops. Moreover, the addition of a reporter tag, via copper-catalyzed alkyne azide coupling, to an alkyne handle on the probe allowed in-gel visualization and selective pull-down of the desired bromodomains using both recombinant and endogenous proteins.
Bonding Analysis in [1.1.1]Propellane and [1.1.1]Bicyclopentane Using Orbital Forces. The Myth of the “Inverted Bond”
Authors: Laplaza Rubén , Contreras-García Julia , Fuster Franck , Volatron François , Chaquin Patrick
Published: October 2018

The properties of the “inverted bond” in [1.1.1]propellane are investigated by two methods. Firstly we study H3C-C models of C-C bonds with frozen HCC angles reproducing the constraints of various degrees of “inversion”. Secondly, the molecular orbital (MO) properties of [1.1.1]propellane and [1.1.1]bicyclopentane are analyzed with the help of orbital forces as a criterion of bonding/antibonding character and as a basis to evaluate in-situ bond energies. Triplet state of propellane and cationic states of propellane and bicyclopentane are also considered to comfort the bonding/antibonding character of MOs in the parent molecules. Both approaches shows an essentially nonbonding or slightly repulsive character of the sigma central CC interaction in propellane: the so-called ‘inverted’ bond, as resulting from a sigma overlap of the two s-p hybrids by their smaller lobes, appears devoid of physical basis. The bonding of central CC in propellane is thus only due to pi-type MOs (also called ‘banana’ MOs or ‘bridge’ MOs) and its total energy is evaluated to ca. 60 kcal/mol. In bicyclopentane, despite a strong sigma-type repulsion, a weak bonding (20 kcal/mol) exists between both central CC, also due to pi-type interactions, though no formal bond is present
GÉNERO Y BOSQUES. TEMAS Y ENFOQUES EN LA LITERATURA INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Vázquez García Verónica
Published: October 2018

Los bosques del mundo constituyen importantes reservas de carbono y ofrecen oportunidades de subsistencia e ingresos a 1.6 billones de personas, la mayoría mujeres en condiciones de pobreza. Este ensayo identifica los principales temas en la articulación género/bosques en la literatura internacional. Los resultados se agrupan en tres secciones: 1) legislación y política forestal. Los sistemas normativos no reconocen los derechos a la tierra de las mujeres. Cuando existen, los programas de equidad de género del sector forestal rara vez se traducen en metas y acciones concretas; 2) la dinámica comunitaria, en particular el impacto de iniciativas de descentralización y manejo forestal comunitario en el estatus de las féminas. A pesar de que ambas constituyen estrategias para incrementar el control comunitario sobre los recursos forestales, las mujeres no participan en la toma de decisiones, tienen poca información sobre planes de manejo y no acceden a los beneficios producto de este; y 3) herramientas de género para el diseño de estudios e intervenciones más exitosas, entre ellas el reconocimiento de la división genérica del trabajo en el manejo de los recursos forestales y la identificación de sistemas de conocimientos diferenciados por género. El documento cierra con algunas recomendaciones para el diseño del mecanismo REDD+ (Reducción de Emisiones ocasionadas por la Deforestación y Degradación Forestal) actualmente en construcción: a) garantizar la participación efectiva de las mujeres; b) incrementar su acceso a la tierra; y c) asegurar la distribución equitativa de los beneficios entre hombres y mujeres.
DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
Authors: Feroz Zohaib , Memon Abdul Raheem , Shah Nisar Ahmed , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesemia in patients withdiabetic foot ulcer. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive nature. Setting: Liaquat UniversityHospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Period: 29-09-2016 to 28-03-2017. Patients and Methods:The patients with history of diabetes mellitus (known cases) for more than 3 years durationhad diabetic foot ulcer for ≥ 02 weeks duration, of 30-60 years of age & either gender wererecruited and evaluated for serum magnesium level while the data was analyzed in SPSS 16.Results: Total 100 patients with diabetic foot ulcer were evaluated for hypomagnesaemia. Themean age ±SD of age (years), duration of diabetes (years) and foot ulcer (weeks), BMI (kg/m2),hypertension (systolic and diastolic mmHg), HBA1C and magnesium for whole population was52.86±6.87, 6.95±1.85 and 5.86±2.31, 31.92±2/43, 150.38±10.52 and 95.97±5.97, 9.96±2.73and 1.16±0.95 respectively. Out of one hundred, 55% were males and 45% were females. Thehypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, raised HBA1C and hypomagnesemia was foundin 65%, 59%, 59%, 55%, 56% and 67%. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia detected in subjectswith type 2 diabetes mellitus having foot ulcers.
ANTI-PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA DRUG
Authors: Mehmood Yasir , Ashraf Muhammad Imran , Rana Shazana , Riaz Humayun , Raza Syed Atif , Khan Zia mohy-ud-din
Published: October 2018

Objectives: In this research we assess in-vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) using the ethanolic extract of medicinal plant Tabebuia impetiginosa(dried inner bark). To evaluate the synergistic effect of ethanolic extract of Tabebuia impetiginosacombine with ciprofloxacin In-vitro anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activities of the extracts andciprofloxacin were confirmed, and synergism was verified for this combine extracts. StudyDesign: Experimental study. Period: October 2016 to February 2017. Place of Experiment:Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore. Method: Diffusion method tests are mostly qualitativemethods that are used to identify the antimicrobial activity, resistance and synergistic effect. Thefresh plants inner bark was grinded and soaked in 95% ethanol for extraction. The antibacterialsensitivity of this compound against P. aeruginosa was assessed using the diffusion method.About 1000mg of grinded menstruum was added in 800ml of petroleum ether in a conicalflask and adjust in rotary shaker at 100 rpm for 12 hours and then the final extract was filteredwith 0.45mμ filter membrane and centrifuged at 2000rpm for 15 minutes. The final extract wasredissolved in ciprofloxacin solution (10 for bioassay analysis. Results: We concludedthat the fresh ethanolic extract of Tabebuia impetiginosa with ciprofloxacin has high antibacterialpotency against P. aeruginosa which is prominent then a single. However this was not pureextract and if it is refined then it might gives significant antibacterial activity at low concentration.There is still need to test Tabebuia impetiginosa extract for antibacterial activity and to checksynergistic effect with other drugs in-vivo against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extract presentedthe highest synergism rate with antimicrobial drug. Conclusion: In-vitro study showed Tabebuiaimpetiginosa fresh inner bark extract with ciprofloxacin dilution have significant antibacterialactivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with P.value <0.001. Isolates were susceptible tothis combine solution with mean zone diameter of 16.15 ± 0.95 mm and no regrowth wasnoticed. In the present research the synergistic effect of ciprofloxacin antibiotic with Tabebuiaimpetiginosa ethanolic extract were observe against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT ALLERGY
Authors: Qureshi Fatima , Qureshi Shagufta Shaheen , Palli Asadullah Yousfani
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To evaluate serum vitamin D3, Blood Eosinophils, AbsoluteEosinophils Counts and IgE in the upper respiratory tract allergies (URTA) in Rural PopulationSindh. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration: Department of Medicine andBiochemistry, Isra University from January 2014 to October 2015. Subjects & Methods: Asample of 50 diagnosed cases of URTA and 50 age and gender matched control subjects wereselected through non-probability sampling. Blood samples were centrifuged to separate sera.Serum vitamin D3, Blood Eosinophils, Absolute Eosinophils and serum IgE were estimated.Data was analyzed on the SPSS 22.0 software at 95% confidence interval (P≤0.05). Results:Vitamin D3 showed significant decrease in allergic subjects; noted as 26.96±9.75 ng/dlcompared to 32.62±11.75 ng/dl in controls. Blood Eosinophils (%) were raised in the allergicsubjects compared to controls 3.42±1.91 and 1.93±0.65 respectively (p=0.0001). AbsoluteEosinophils counts (AEC) were significantly raised in the allergic cases as shown in Table-I(p=0.0001). Serum IgE in controls and cases was noted as 86.7±17.39 and 400.26±232.8IU/ml respectively (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study reports vitamin D3 deficiencyassociated with raised Eosinophils, Absolute Eosinophils counts and serum IgE in upperrespiratory tract allergy.
SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Arshad Naveed , Imran Muhammad , Munir Zuha , Akram Samrood , Hameed Amna Abdul
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To improved motor learning in spastic cerebral palsy children andreinforce weak movement patterns and to discourage overactive ones. To reduce the spasticitywith different Bobath physical therapy techniques and control body posture as well as bodymovements. Study Design: A case series. Place and Duration of Study: Madina TeachingHospital (The University of Faisalabad) Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period: The duration of the studywas 3 months March 2013 to May 2013. Patients & Methods: A total 13 patients, aged 2-10years of spastic CP were randomly selected. Effects of treatment were measured and datawere collected by using non-probability convenience sampling technique. All children weretested thrice once completion of first month, then end of second month and then completion oftherapy at the end of third month. Results: The result revealed that grading of spasticity from1st to 3rd months of study was measured mean and standard deviations as follow, 1.62±0.87to 0.85±0.80, CV% 53.75 to 95.24% and variance 0.93 to 0.89. The gross motor learningof 5 conditions that was Lying & rolling, Sitting, Crawling & kneeling, Standing, Walking &running and Overall % from first month to third month was measured as follow, Lying & rolling41.48±30.36 to 44.49±31.90 P-value 0.000, Sitting 47.18±37.59 to 49.74±38.11 P-value 0.000,Crawling & kneeling 26.74±27.11 to 29.49±29.17 P-value 0.000, Standing 12.43±16.25 to14.20±17.53 P-value 0.000, Walking & running 9.08±12.75 to 10.47±13.79 P-value 0.000 andOverall % 27.38±23.46 to 29.68±24.85 P-value 0.000. Conclusion: The Bobath techniques(neurodevelopment treatment) on gross motor learning are very effective and do play animportant role in cerebral palsy children.
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Authors: Anjum Sohail , Mahboob Usman
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The primary objective of our study is to assess the existing levelknowledge and attitudes towards scientific research amongst medical students of a medicalcollege in Lahore. Study Design: Quantitative descriptive questionnaire-based survey. Period:June to September 2017 on fourth year and final year students of MBBS. Setting: MedicalCollege in Lahore. Methods: After informed consent and briefing, the questionnaire wasdistributed to the participants. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: A totalof 200 students were contacted out of which 102 responded (response rate51%). The resultshowed that the knowledge assessment score of final year was lower than fourth year but thedifference was not statistically significant. The knowledge was low in both the groups. Attitudescore was slightly higher in 4th year as compared to 5th year. Conclusion: The study indicatedless knowledge but positive attitude of medical students towards scientific research. Moreover,the culture of research needs to be developed in our undergraduate medical education.
ISONIAZID (INH)
Authors: Aleem Umer , Shah Rahman , Khan Noor , Suliman M.
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Hepatotoxicity is the most complicated side effect of isoniazid (inh)in the patient treated for tuberculosis. In causes 8–30% hepatotoxicity in the developing world.Metabolism of INH produces a metabolite, called acetyl isoniazid. In this study hepatoprotectiveeffect of honey, in isoniazid induced animal model was assessed. Study Design: Randomizedcontrol trial. Setting: Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif Swat, KP. Period: October ToDecember 2017. Material and Methods: 40 healthy male rabbits were assigned randomly tothe group i, ii, iii and iv by using lottery method. Ten animals were grouped each row. Theisoniazid-induced hepatotoxic model was created by giving 50 mg inh/kg orally on daily basisfor eleven days. Group i was taken as negative control group ii as a positive control. Group iii andiv were experimental groups treated with 50 mg /kg/day and 100 mg /kg/day buckwheat honeyrespectively for eleven days. SPSS Version 16 software was used, mean, s.d. were determinedin all the groups. Values of serum bilirubin, sgpt, and alkaline phosphatase were comparedwith each other using pairt-test. Results: SGPT, Serum bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatasewere obtained in all the animals. Comparing group 1 negative control with group 2, 3 and 4shows statistical significance, (p=0.00). Comparing group 2 positive control with 3 and 4 showsstatistical significance, (p=0.00). Further comparing group 3 with group 4 also shows statisticalsignificance (p=0.00). Conclusion: From the above finding, it has been revealed that honeyhas got a protective effect in regressing hepatitis that has been induced in rabbit’s model byhigh doses of isoniazid. Related studies performed in which different chemicals and drugs havebeen tried for their protective role in isoniazid induced hepatitis also shows a similar type ofresults.
TEENAGE PREGNANCY
Authors: Mahesar Afshan Sultana Zia , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem , Mahesar Mumtaz
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To assess the fetomaternal outcome in teenage pregnancy atCivil Hospital Hyderabad. Study Design: Case series study. Place and Duration of Study:Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Civil Hospital, Hyderabad, from 1st July 2014 to31st December 2014. Subject and Methods: A total of 117 primigravida teenage women withsingleton term pregnancy were included in this study. Maternal and Perinatal outcomes weremeasured and recorded. Results: The average age of the women was 17.35±1.06 years.Considering adverse maternal outcome anemia was observed in 35.89% women, Pregnancyinduced hypertension (PIH) 35.04%, preterm pregnancy 23.07% and pre-eclampsia wasobserved in 15.38% women. Regarding fetal outcome, there were 99 (84.61%) live births and18 (15.38%) stillbirths and low birth weight was observed in 19.6% (20/102). Conclusion: Thisstudy found Still Birth, Low Birth Weight and prematurity a major problem to babies of Teenagewomen, while Pregnancy induced hypertension, anemia and Pre eclampsia are the problemsfaced by Teenage pregnant women.
BREAST TUMOR
Authors: Jabbar Rakhshanda , Riaz Bushra , Imran Fatima
Published: October 2018

Accurate preoperative assessment of tumor size in breast cancer is important forchoosing appropriate treatment. Mammography & sonography both have been used to predicttumor size but there have been conflicting reports about their accuracy. Some studies havementioned ultrasound to be more accurate than mammography in the preoperative assessmentof breast tumor size. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the correlation ofmammography and ultrasound in the preoperative assessment of breast tumor size in patientswith breast cancer taking pathological tumor size as gold standard. Study Design: It was across-sectional survey. Setting: Radiology department SKMCH & RC Lahore. Period: Studywas completed over a period of 6 months from Nov 09, 2008 to May 08, 2009. Subjects andMethods: Eighty cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. After informed consent,bilateral mammography and breast ultrasound were done in all the patients. Pathologicalmeasurements were done after surgery in the longest diameter of the specimen. Mammographicand ultrasonographic measurements were correlated with pathological measurementsusing Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Ultrasonographic measurements correlatedmore accurately with the pathological measurements as compared to mammographicmeasurements. Correlation coefficient “r” was 0.944 for ultrasound measurements versus 0.898for mammographic measurements. Correlation was higher for lesions of 20 mm or less in therelargest diameter than for larger tumors. Conclusion: Ultasonography is a more accurate toolfor preoperative assessment of breast tumor size especially for small sized tumors of less than20 mm.
INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTIONS
Authors: Ansari Imdad Ali , Samo Jawed Akhtar , Soomro Mohammad Aslam
Published: October 2018

Background: Worldwide, intestinal parasitic infections are major causeof human mortality and morbidity especially among developing countries wherein publichealth standards are not much better like developed countries. Intestinal parasiticinfections are linked with poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, inadequate dietaryand cultural habits and climate conditions. Objective: To assess the frequency, riskfactors and clinical manifestations related to intestinal parasite infections in patients withgastrointestinal disorders. Study Design: Cross-sectional multi-centre study. Setting:Department of Medicines, Chandka Medical College Larkana and Civil Hospital, KhairpurMirs. Period: 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. Method: 260 patients, the patientswith gastrointestinal disorders presenting one or more symptoms (e.g. diarrhea, dysentery,abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, cramping and constipation) were included.Results: Frequency of intestinal parasites was 32.3%. The most common parasites wereEntamoeba histolytica (10.4%), Giardia lamblia (8.5%) and Hymenolepis nana (6.9%). Age,education, monthly income and contact with animal were significantly associated withintestinal parasite infections. Concerning symptoms, the presence of intestinal parasitesinfection was significantly associated with diarrhea and dysentery. Conclusion: Studyconcluded that most prevalent parasites were Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambliaand Hymenolepis nana. Significant association was found in age, education and monthlyincome.
LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Jabeen Mudassar , Jamil Bushra , Khan Shehzad Amjad
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Since the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was reportedin 1990, it has widespread acceptance as a standard procedure using four trocars. The fourth(lateral) trocar is used to grasp the fundus of the gall bladder to expose calot`s triangle. Withincreasing surgeon experience, LC has undergone many refinements including reductionin port number and size. Three port LC has been reported to be safe and feasible in manyclinical trials. Objectives: To compare the operative time and of three ports versus four portlaparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trials. Setting: SurgicalDepartments, Allied & Civil Hospitals Faisalabad. Period: 15-09-2010 to 15-03-2011. Materialand Methods: 132 Patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy wererandomized to undergo either the 4-port. (Group A) or the 3-port LC (group B).66 patients ineach group. Results: Mean Operative time was 25.14±4.19 minutes in group A and 25.35±4.34in group B. (p value-0.774). Mean VAS score at 12th postoperative hour was 5.37±0.993 ingroup A and 4.52±0.986 in group B. (p value <0.0001). Conclusion: Three port Laparoscopiccholecystectomy did not affect, operative time. However it resulted in less early postoperativepain in three port LC.
PHACOEMULSIFICTION
Authors: Bhutto Shabeer Ahmad , Katpar Naeem Akhtar , Abbasi Safdar Ali
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate visual outcome afterphacoemulsification in diabetic patients. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting:Ophthalmology department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana.Period: January 2017 to April 2018. Method: Over a period of 15 months, all diabetic patientshaving cataracts were part of the study. All these patients would undergo phacoemulsificationfor cataract removal by a single ophthalmologist. A total of 76 participants were includedand their consent was taken. Visual acuity and progression of diabetic retinopathy would beassessed 12 months post-operatively. Results: The data included 76 patients, among which32 were females (43%) and 44 males (57%). The mean age of females were 58 + 6.8 yearsand that of males were 62.5 + 9.3. Mean hbA1c of 76 patients were 9.2. At the end of firstpost-operative year of the 76 operated eyes, 46 eyes (60.52%) indicated no progression ofdiabetic retinopathy, whereas 30 eyes (39.47%) showed no progression of retinopathy. Therewas no significant discrepancy in progression of retinopathy in the number of operated andun-operated eyes post-operatively. Retinopathy progression was related to higher mean hbA1cOE p= 0.001 NOE p=0.015). Conclusion: The number of people having diabetes mellitus isincreasing exponentially. Early diagnosis and good diabetic control is associated with slowdevelopment of cataract. Uncomplicated phacoemulsification leads to good visual outcomeand better quality of life.
Outreach activities: A summary for UK university science departments
Authors: Walker Steve
Published: October 2018

The dictionary definition refers to surpassing, outwitting or the act of ‘reaching out’. The Funding Councils see it as “widening access and improving participation in higher education…… to equip people to operate productively within the global knowledge economy. It also offers social benefits, including better health, lower crime and a more tolerant and inclusive society”.Here in the Physical Sciences, whilst reaching out to widen access is an important part of our agenda, we see Outreach activities as primarily being targeted at improving the recruitment and retention of students. Many Physical Science departments are struggling to attract sufficient numbers of students and virtually all of us are also unhappy that the more able students are not choosing science for their higher and further education. This has led to the complete closure of a number of departments; a merger with cognate disciplines for some, or relegation to a ‘service teaching’ role for others. Since 1996, 28 universities have stopped offering chemistry degrees and almost a third of university physics departments have closed in the same period. Despite this dramatic fall in capacity, there is still a shortfall that is a major cause of concern for all but a handful of institutions.There is a great deal of confusion within Universities as to how and why this situation has arisen and in this article I will attempt to collect and summarise items that have a direct bearing on these issues.The first part will include the results of surveys into student preferences, public attitudes to science and scientists and lecturers’ own opinions on the subject. The second part will summarise the recommendations from a number of sources who have given much thought to alleviating the situation and the final section will look at a selected number of institutions that are actively generating materials and methods that could be more widely adopted in order to improve the current climate.
A resource for introducing molecular modelling into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum
Authors: O’Malley Patrick J
Published: October 2018

Computational methods including molecular modelling are becoming an essential aspect of chemistry. As such there is a pressing need to introduce this methodology at the undergraduate level. In this communication we give our experience of developing an appropriate course using formal lectures and practical workshop sessions. The emphasis is on practical applications. While the essential background theoretical aspect is introduced it is recognised that overemphasis and reliance on theoretical understanding can discourage many students. Our approach is to treat molecular modelling similarly to spectroscopic interpretation where an intelligent interpretation of an NMR spectrum does not always require a deep appreciation of background NMR theory.
Industry-linked context-based chemistry practicals
Authors: McGarvey David J
Published: October 2018

There is considerable evidence that the use of tangible contexts enriches the learning experience for students. In view of this, the author has developed two ‘industry-linked context-based chemistry practicals’ that illustrate the importance of core chemistry topics within commercial/industrial contexts. A common feature of the practicals is that the students work with actual commercial samples and compare their data with that published by the two companies. The principal features of the two practicals are described and contrasted with conventional practicals. Finally, the results of a student evaluation of the practicals are reported.
Mission to Mars: A one-week introductory project for new physics students
Authors: Moran Lynn
Published: October 2018

A new event to help smooth the induction of year 1 students to university was run in the Physics Department on a trial basis in the academic year 2009/10 and extended in 2010/11.The event took place in the first week of term with the aim of introducing the students to the Department and the level of engagement expected of them. After some ice-breakers and simple problem-solving, an open-ended physics problem on a topical issue was presented to the students who were organised to work in groups.In addition to working on the project problem, the students completed some on-line assignments (in order to introduce them to Pearson‟s Mastering Physics software which the Department has adopted after a successful pilot). In the first year the event ran for 2.5 days, with the groups producing a 1-page report (requiring them to encounter the printing system) and a poster for a poster session. In 2010/11 teams (each containing 5 groups) presented their results to an audience of academics (and fellow students), emphasising the importance of communication skills. The evaluation results indicate that it was a beneficial experience, and the effect of the changes in the second year has been investigated.
SEPnet Outreach: Building and sustaining links between university physics departments
Authors: Thorley Charlotte
Published: October 2018

The SEPnet Outreach work strand is a collaboration between university physics departments around the South East of England as a direct response to the national STEM agenda and the recruitment needs of the partner departments. A portfolio of activities has been developed that builds on the strengths of each department to deliver higher impact through collaborative development and delivery. In particular, the two year repeat contact „SEPnet GCSE Programme‟ shows that a region-wide programme drawing inspiration not just from the physics departments but the school teachers they work with can be particularly effective. This paper looks at the successes of the activities so far, and takes a look ahead.
On the impact of the Bristol ChemLabS’ outreach programme on admissions to the School of Chemistry
Authors: Shaw A J , Harrison T G , Shallcross K L , Williams S J , Shallcross D E
Published: October 2018

Analysis of the average number of applicants received from schools that engaged in the Bristol ChemLabS Outreach program prior to a student‟s application with those that did not engage, shows a significant increase in applicants from engaged schools. The significance is weaker when just Post 16 students are considered but this is almost certainly due to a smaller sample size. When this analysis was inspected in terms of the distance of the school from the University of Bristol, there was an increase in the number of applicants from engaged schools irrespective of distance. However, a statistically significant increase was observed for schools within 50 miles of the University from an analysis of just Post 16 students. Students who applied to the department from an engaged school were more likely to accept an offer and also to make the department their firm acceptance. A slightly higher number of applications that were rejected came from engaged schools too. There are two possible reasons; first, the engagement may have encouraged more students who did not have the required entry qualifications. Second, during the period of analysis, the overall entry grades went up by one grade each year. Such a dramatic rise was probably the reason for the slightly elevated numbers.
Ausubel’s principle of prior knowledge in first year mechanics
Authors: Sands David
Published: October 2018

The Force Concept Inventory, a 30-question multiple choice test, has been used to test the baseline knowledge in mechanics prior to a course of instruction at Hull over the three years corresponding to entry in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Students whose pre-university education occurred outside the UK or who were repeating the year have been excluded from the analysis in order to focus attention on first-time UK students. These constitute the great majority of the entrants and the results essentially characterise the entry-level knowledge of a typical cohort. Two interesting findings have emerged. First, there is a wide range of abilities within each cohort, as judged by the test scores, and secondly, analysis of the scores question by question reveals a remarkable consistency between the different cohorts. This consistency extends even to the distribution of choices within individual questions. Five such questions are analysed in detailed to reveal which aspects of mechanics a typical class finds difficult. Ausubel‟s principle of first finding out what students know in order to teach accordingly can therefore be applied not to the individual students but to the class as a whole and suggestions as to how instruction might be tailored to address the weaknesses revealed by the Force Concept Inventory are discussed.
The physics outreach group: A how to guide
Authors: Moran Lynn
Published: October 2018

In less than two years in existence, the Liverpool Physics Outreach Group has developed and delivered physics workshops to over 3000 school pupils. The Group is voluntary and non-credit bearing, meeting once per week to share good practice, develop new ideas and obtain feedback on their communications skills. Funding to run projects, such as Photons in the Classroom has been awarded from the Science and Technologies Funding Council, and the Institute of Physics. After some collaboration with Chemistry and Mathematics, we have put together a business case for a School of Physical Sciences Outreach Group.Collaboration with other Departments has begun in which we introduce students who require an understanding of physics, but often have no background in the subject (e.g. Radiotherapy). By incorporating the hands-on „fun‟ elements of outreach activities, these students have found physics more accessible, and a thorough evaluation of benefits to their learning is underway. The Ogden Trust have provided funding for a Women in Physics Outreach event which will be run by girls, for girls This approach is considered effective for the recruitment and retention of girls in physics and engineering in other countries (notably Germany).Benefits to our students involved include everything from a huge increase in confidence to an improvement in their motivation to learn physics. The schools involved and the Physics Department benefit from opening the lines of communication. Evaluation indicated that the pupils in all schools visited thoroughly enjoyed the sessions and have an improved attitude toward science, and in particular, physics. The uptake of Triple (separate) Science in all schools visited has increased since our visits began. We would like to share our experience of setting up and running so many successful events on order that other departments might develop their own without having to re-invent the wheel.
Sowing the seeds of change: Students taking the lead in chemical education research projects
Authors: Page Elizabeth M , Read David , Rowley Natalie M
Published: October 2018

This article outlines the benefits to institutions of engaging students (undergraduate and postgraduate) in carrying out education research projects. The activity outlined herein is probably best described as „action research‟, which potentially lays the foundation for chemical education research in the future. These projects aim to identify (or develop) best practice and provide the evidence to convince occasionally cynical academics that a new approach is effective in enhancing learning and/or the student experience. The benefits to the students carrying out the projects in terms of skills development and increased confidence are discussed, along with the benefits to academics and their institutions.
The trials and tribulations of designing and utilising MCQs in HE and for assessing forensic practitioner competency
Authors: Gwinnett Claire , Cassella John , Allen Mike
Published: October 2018

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are a very well known, traditional and accepted method of assessment. The use of MCQs for testing students has produced numerous debates amongst academics concerning their effectiveness as they are viewed as practical and efficient but also perceived as possibly „too easy‟ and potentially unable to appropriately test the higher order cognitive skills that essay questions can assess.The use of MCQs in a forensic science context is currently being investigated, not only for use within forensic science education, but also for the testing of competency of qualified forensic practitioners. This paper describes a Higher Education Academy funded project that is investigating the design and the implementation of MCQs for testing forensic practitioners and the lessons that have been learnt so far, that will assist academics in the development of robust MCQ assessments within forensic science degrees to promote and assess deep learning.
A Parametric Study of Confinement Effects to the Interaction Diagram of P-M for High-Strength Concrete Columns
Authors: Cholida Nur Fithriani Fatma , Antonius A , Ni'am Faiqun
Published: October 2018

In reinforced concrete columns design, P-M interaction diagram is used as axial load control and column bending without taking into account the effect of lateral reinforcement bars. Design principles that ignore the effect of reinforcement bars will result in low value of actual axial capacity of column. This paper presents the effect of lateral reinforcement with a case study of square-sectional columns on high-strength concrete. The equation of unconfined concrete strength enhancement is based on Mander, Legeron, Imran, Antonius and Muguruma models. The reviewed parameters include compressive strength of concrete, reinforcement configuration, and spacings of confinement. The result of the analysis is a comparison of P-M diagram based on confinement models. It shows that confinement significantly influences axial capacity of column, yet it has a certain collapse point at point P = 0 in all models. This is caused by longitudinal reinforcement system. Configuration of reinforcement, spacing and confinement models greatly affects the collapse behavior of column, whether the collapse is classified as compressive collapse or tensile collapse based on the P-M diagram.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DAN GAYA BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Sari Isnaning , Harini Esti
Published: October 2018

Descriptively, the purpose of this study is to know the tendency of parents attention, learning style and the learning mathematics achievement of the students of VIII Grade of all SMP (Junior High School) in Berbah district on 2013/2014 academic year. Correlatively, the purpose is to determine the relationship between parents attention and learning style with the learning mathematics achievement of the students of VIII Grade of all SMP (Junior High School) in Berbah district on 2013/2014 academic year. The population of this study was all students of VIII Grade of SMP (Junior High School) in Berbah district on 2013/2014 academic year. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling technique. The researcher took and selected 2 classes of SMP N 3 Berbah, 1 class of SMP N 2 Berbah and 1 class of SMP Muhammadiyah Berbah as the sample class with the number of respondens is 110 students. The data analysis is using multiple correlation and multiple regression of two variables. The result of this descriptive study showed that the tendency of parents attention is on the medium category, while the learning stayle is on medium category and the learning mathematics achievement in a high category. From the calculation of multiple correlation test, the value of R = 0,660 and the significant value is 0,000 < 0,05, it means that there is a positive and significant relationship between parents attention and learning style with learning mathematics achievement.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MINAT BELAJAR DAN LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Hartanti Yuli Setya , Harini Esti
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the research was to find out correlate betweenÂ  learn interest, and learning area with mathematics learning achievement on 10thÂ  grade students at the whole district of Kalibawang Yogyakarta. The genre of this research is descriptive researchment. The population in this research were all students of 10th grade students at the whole district of Kalibawang Yogyakarta with amount 48 students and the samples taken at sampel jenuh with amount 48 students. Data collection method used was a questionannaire and a documentation. Analysis using descriptive analysis of data, multiple regression, and partial correlation. In the major hypothesis test is obtained R = 0,451 and R2 = 0,203 with sig=0,006 < 0,05. Then in the first minor hypothesis test is obtained ry1-2 = 0,297 withÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  sig=0,043 < 0,05; and the second minor hypothesis test is obtained ry2-1 = 0,343 with sig=0,018 < 0,05. So there is a positive and significant correlation between learn interest, and learning area with mathematics learning achievement on 10thÂ  grade students at the whole district of Kalibawang Yogyakarta as collective and partial. It is expected that students care about learn interest, and learning area mathematics learning achievement increasingly.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STRUCTURED NUMBERED HEADS (SNH) SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK GAMBAR BANGUNAN (TGB) SMK NEGERI 1 SEDAYU TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013/2014
Authors: Suryanto Fajar , Istiqomah Istiqomah
Published: October 2018

The effort to improve motivation and achievement learn mathematics with model study ofÂ  cooperative learning type Structured Numbered Heads (SNH) student class the on of X Techhnique of Building Design Â (TGB) SMK Negeri 1 Sedayu in year 2013/2014. The type of this research is classroom action research collaboratively. The subject of the research are students class X TGB SMK Negeri 1 Sedayu. It consist 32 students. While the object is the motivation and achievement of students learning mathematics derived from the application of model study ofÂ  cooperative learning type Structured Numbered Heads (SNH).The result shows the increase by using this model. It is indicated by an improvement in the average percentage of math learning motivation questionnaire sheet Â for each cycle, the pre-cycle students' motivation Â for 59.33% increase to 74,57%% in the first cycle, and increased in the second cycle be 82,68%. In addition, the average value of mathematics learning achievement of students has increased, in the pre cycle is 63,5 with the percentage of Â completeness 46,90% (15 students), in the first cycle increased to 71,09 with the percentage of completeness 62,50% (20 students), while on the second cycle increased to 80,88 with the percentage of completeness 81.25% (26 students). Based on the result of the research expected to the teachers in order to be able to use the learning model on the Structured Numbered Heads (SNH) which as one of the models of learning that to be able to improve the motivation and achievement of learning mathematics.Â