bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can fishways restore river connectivity? A case study using β diversity as a method of assessment
Authors: Marques Hugo , Dias João Henrique Pinheiro , Ramos Igor Paiva
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim β diversity was used as an indicator to test the hypothesis that a fishway can increase river connectivity, as a reduction in the value of this metric indicates greater similarity among fish assemblages. Methods Quarterly sampling was performed with gillnets upstream and downstream of the Porto Primavera dam, Upper Paraná Basin, before the opening of the fishway between February 1999 and May 2001, and between February 2003 and May 2005 with the fishway in operation (10 samples per period/site). The correlation between the fish assemblages and sites was verified by applying two Mantel tests (downstream versus upstream before and one equivalent after the fishway) using the distance matrices generated by the Bray‐Curtis index. The β diversity between downstream and upstream was calculated using the Sørensen index for each sample for the comparison of such values before and after the operation of the fishway, which were tested with Asymptotic Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test. To summarize changes in the structure of the fish assemblages between the sites and periods nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was applied based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities, using multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP). Results The Mantel tests showed no correlation between the upstream and downstream assemblages before the operation of the fishway but greater correlation after. β diversity was lower after than before the fishway, representing an increase in similarity between downstream and upstream with the fishway. MRPP analysis indicated that the fish assemblages between the sites differed more than was expected by chance, with smaller divergence between the sampling sites after the fishway (A = 0.08) than before it opened (A = 0.09). Conclusions Although fishways remain an incipient and controversial theme for neotropical fish, the Porto Primavera fishway appears to be effective in terms of the restoration of connectivity.
Periphytic algal community in lentic environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain: seasonal and spatial variation
Authors: Adame Kisay Lorena , Dunck Barbara , Rodrigues Liliana
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonal variation in the hydrological regime and of limnological variables on species richness of periphytic algae in lakes of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Methods The study area is located in the last undammed stretch of the Paraná River in this floodplain, in which three lakes were sampled quarterly (May, August and November 2014, and February and May 2015) for one year. The periphytic material was obtained from petioles of the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth. Results We registered 149 taxa of periphytic algae, distributed in 9 classes. Algal richness changed as a function of the seasonal dynamics of the Paraná River’s hydrological regime. Water level fluctuations directly influenced periphytic algae species. During periods of high water level, species richness increased. Limnological variables showed a close relationship with the hydrological regime, and the dissolved nutrients and turbidity were the abiotic factors that most influenced the algal community. The following species were present in all lakes: Fragilaria capucina Desmazières, Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg and Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot (Bacillariophyceae) and two species of the genus Oedogonium (Oedogoniophyceae). Conclusions The hydrological regime of the Paraná River played an important role in structuring communities of periphytic algae. Seasonal variation in hydrological regime and in limnological variables together influenced the species richness of these organisms in these floodplain lakes.
Community structure of periphytic Zygnematophyceae (Streptophyta) in urban eutrophic ponds from central Brazil (Goiânia, GO)
Authors: Silva Francielle Karla Lopes da , Fonseca Bárbara Medeiros , Felisberto Sirlene Aparecida
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim This study aimed to investigate the community structure of Zygnematophyceae algae in the periphyton of nine shallow urban eutrophic ponds from central Brazil. Additionally, we compared two different substrates, hypothesizing that community structure attributes (chlorophyll a; Zygnematophyceae density, composition and richness) would differ between them. Methods Samples were carried out in August 2014. Periphyton was collected from two different substrates, macrophyte (epiphyton) and rocks (epilithon). Results The ponds presented pH ranging from neutral to slightly acidic and electrical conductivity in general higher than 60 µS.cm-1. Zygnematophyceae contributed with 0.82% of total periphyton community density in the epiphyton and 0.02% in the epilithon. Altogether 49 Zygnematophyceae taxa were recorded, distributed in 13 genera. Based on frequency of occurrence, most taxa were classified as rare, being present in less than 25% of the ponds. The taxa with higher densities were Cosmarium regnesii var. regnesii, Cosmarium abbreviatum var. minus, and Mougeotia sp. 3. When each pond was considered individually, other taxa were highlighted as the most abundant among Zygnematophyceae. It was the case of Staurastrum smithii, Cosmarium exiguum, Mougeotia sp. 1 and Mougeotia sp. 2. The two ponds with highest Zygnematophyceae density showed high similarity in the species composition (>70%); however, among the others, it was relatively low (<50%). Conclusions The eutrophic ponds considered in this study presented high periphytic biomass, but with low Zygnematophyceae representativeness. The periphyton attributes were not significantly different between macrophytes and rocks. The substrate type was not a determinant factor for Zygnematophyceae periphytic algae in the studied ponds.
Expansion of invasive Ceratium furcoides (Dinophyta) toward north-central Brazil: new records in tropical environments
Authors: Silva Weliton José da , Nogueira Ina de Souza , Melo-Magalhães Enaide Marinho de , Benício Sarah Haysa Mota , Pessoa Sheila Magalhães , Menezes Mariângela
Published: November 2018

Abstract: Aim We record new occurrences of the invasive species Ceratium furcoides in reservoirs and their affluents in the Paraná River basin, State of Goiás (GO), central-western Brazil, and in some localities in the São Francisco River basin, northeastern region. Methods Qualitative and quantitative phytoplankton samples were collected from Corumbá Reservoir and Cascatinha Falls, Caldas Novas, GO, and João Leite Reservoir, Goiânia, GO, both in the Paraná River basin, and samples from the São Franscisco River basin. Specimens of C. furcoides were observed with optical, epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Results The individuals of C. furcoides from these environments agreed morphologically with populations in other reservoirs in Brazil and other locations, especially concerning the tabulation and the shape of the fourth apical plate. These environments ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. Physical and chemical variables of these waterbodies, compared to other environments where this species was found, demonstrate that C. furcoides is a highly eurytopic species. The dispersal pattern of C. furcoides seems to be more complex than upstream-downstream regulation, since the species occurs in high-altitude environments and systems upstream from previously recorded locations. Conclusion An analysis based on the areas of occurrence and the chronology of the records demonstrated that C. furcoides has spread toward northern Brazil. Studies of the relationships among populations recorded in other parts of Brazil and South America are required in order to develop accurate models of dispersal for this invasive species, and will facilitate the development of management policies for aquatic systems in Brazil.
Diatom assemblages (Bacillariophyta) in six tropical reservoirs from southeast Brazil: species composition and spatial and temporal variation patterns
Authors: Marquardt Gisele Carolina , Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos , Ludwig Thelma Alvim Veiga , Ector Luc , Wetzel Carlos E.
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim Relationships between species composition and variation patterns in diatom assemblages over six tropical reservoirs located in Southeast Brazil were explored. Methods Surface-sediment and phytoplankton diatom assemblages were determined and Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to verify the set of environmental variables that best explain the species composition variation among sites. Results A total of 28 diatom taxa representing 20 genera were identified using light and scanning electron microscopy. Information on their ecological preferences was also provided. Humidophila biscutella is reported for the first time in Brazil whereas Sellaphora sassiana and Humidophila brekkaensis are reported for the first time in São Paulo State. Three groups of potential water quality indicators were delineated: the first suggests oligotrophic conditions, the second is related to cold waters with low luminosity in a mixing regime, and the third is a small group of tolerant species occurring in water with high conductivity, pH and total phosphorus conditions. Conclusion present study provided the first insight into the general diatom communities over six tropical reservoirs in Southeast Brazil and provided information on their ecology and distribution aiming bioassessment. The potential of water quality indicator diatom groups here outlined are in line with those reported in the literature and reinforce the importance of PEJU for the maintenance of ecological quality of reservoirs and reference conditions for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo water sources.
Periphytic Actinella Lewis (Ochrophyta, Bacillariophyceae) species from an Environmental Protection Area in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Canani Luís Gustavo de Castro , Fraia Rebecca da Silva , Melo Sérgio de
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to present the Actinella species found in periphytic samples collected from an Environmental Protection Area in Santarém (PA, Brazil), to comment on their morphology by comparing them with existing records, and to increase knowledge of the distribution of the genus in Pará State. Methods Ten periphytic samples were collected from seven sampling stations in the Alter do Chão Environmental Protection Area (Santarém, Pará, Brazil) in October 2015 and February and July 2016. Dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and water temperature were measured in the field at sites from which samples were collected in 2016. Samples were oxidized and analyzed by light microscopy. Results The sampled water bodies presented low conductivity and an acidic pH. We identified 12 Actinella taxa, several of which had originally been described from samples collected from the Amazon in the mid-20th century, mainly in the lower Tapajós River region. Actinella rionegrensis is recorded for the first time in the State of Pará, outside of its type locality (Negro River, near Manaus, AM, Brazil), and the species habitus (wisp-shaped colonies) is recorded for the first time. Conclusion Our results indicate that the Environmental Protection Area has been effective in conserving the aquatic ecosystem, since Actinella species identified in the mid-20 th century are still present. Taxonomic issues for some species of this genus need clarification and revision, since overlapping diagnostic features occur among species and with species belonging to the genus Eunotia.
Influence of environmental variables on the diatom communities of oligotrophic reservoirs for public water supply (Guarulhos, Southeast Brazil)
Authors: Oliveira Simone Alves de , Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim: Our study aimed at analyzing the diatom community structure of the plankton, periphyton, and surface sediments, and their relationship with the environmental variables of two reservoirs, Tanque Grande and Cabuçu, located in the city of Guarulhos, Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. Methods Three sampling stations were stablished in each reservoir. Samples of water and periphyton were collected during the dry (August 2013) and the rainy periods (January 2014), while the sediment was sampled only during the dry period. Water abiotic limnological variables were determined and quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed after the oxidation of diatom samples. Results Both reservoirs presented low values of electrical conductivity, pH and nutrients. The diatom community was represented by 30 taxa distributed in 20 genera. The diatom diversity was higher in the plankton, with three exclusive species. All taxa collected from the surface sediments also occurred in the plankton. The periphyton was represented by six taxa that were exclusive to this habitat. Conclusion Our results indicated that the environmental variables were responsible for the limnological changes in the two reservoirs. In the studied reservoirs, the species composition of diatoms differed slightly between the plankton and the surface sediments, while we found a different community in the periphyton, with the presence of exclusive species. The two climatic periods showed differences in the abundance of species, but no considerable differences in the species composition between the two reservoirs were observed.
Taxonomy and ecology of order Surirellales (Bacillariophyceae) in tropical reservoirs in Southeastern of Brazil
Authors: Morais Krysna Stephanny de , Bartozek Elaine Rodrigues , Zorzal-Almeida Stéfano , Bicudo Denise C. , Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to inventory the diatom species of order Surirellales present in the surface sediments of tropical reservoirs (São Paulo State, Brazil) and to correlate their distribution with environmental (pH, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen) and spatial predictors. Methods Samplings were carried out in 31 reservoirs from 2009 to 2014. Vertical profile of water samples was collected in the summer and winter along the reservoirs, and their water column mean results were used to characterize each sampling site. We measured water transparency, euphotic zone, water depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Surface sediment samples (2 cm top) were collected for diatom analyses. A partial RDA was performed between species abundance data (response matrix) and environmental and spatial variables (predictor matrices). Results 14 species of Surirellales were identified from the surface sediment samples, five of them being identified only at the genus level. Overall, partial RDA showed that the species distribution is constrained by both environmental and spatial predictors. Species were mainly ordinated in relation to pH and light availability. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the Surirellales species revealed ecological preferences to low nutrient concentrations, neutral to slightly acidic waters, and higher light availability. Moreover, our results suggest that both environmental and spatial factors are important for their species distribution.
Добрый человек из Гонолулу(история спасения петроградских детей американским красным крестом)
Authors: Molkina Olga
Published: November 2018

This article recounts the extraordinary efforts of Riley Allen, a journalist from Honolulu, who volunteered with the American Red Cross to rescue nearly 1,000 children from Petrograd during Russia’s Civil War (1918–1920). Amid political turmoil and severe famine, Allen played a pivotal role in relocating the children, initially stranded in Siberia, to safer locations, including Vladivostok and eventually the United States. The mission involved complex negotiations, logistical challenges, and a harrowing global journey through Japan, San Francisco, and Europe before many children returned to Petrograd. Allen’s humanitarian work highlighted international solidarity and left a lasting impact on the rescued children.
Ф. Харпер—свидетель Русской революции 1917 г.
Authors: Porshneva Olga
Published: November 2018

The article focuses on Florence Harper's memoir Runaway Russia and the main problems it discusses. Harper's memoir came out in the USA in 1918 and was based on the diary she kept during her stay in Russia. In her book, Florence Harper gives her own interpretations of the reasons, events, and outcomes of the Russian Revolution, describes in detail the everyday life of revolutionary Petrograd and front-line hospital that Harper worked in as a nurse, as well as her personal everyday experiences.
The author of the article analyses Harper’s characterization of the Revolution, the situation on the frontline and in the rear, soldiers’ mood and behaviors, gender related problems of war and revolution, and interprets her evaluations of the mentality of Russian People and Russian national character.
The ‘Armed Thaw’: Cultural War under Peaceful Coexistence A Comparative Study between the 1950s and Today
Authors: Auclert Raphaelle
Published: November 2018

This article proposes a comparative study of the Soviet Thaw, initiated by Nikita Khrushchev after the 20th Congress of the Party, and contemporary Russia, with a special emphasis on the international relations between Russia and the United States. Attempts have been made to draw some parallels between the Khrushchev’s Thaw and President Putin’s parade diplomacy.  This paper provides a detailed analysis of parade diplomacy and neo-Stalinist tendencies hovering over the country today. It also dwells upon the role of the carnival within Russian propaganda, shedding a new light on the Kremlin’s actual strategy.
Tracing long-term demographic changes: The issue of spatial scales v1
Authors: Mueller Johannes , Diachenko Aleksandr
Published: November 2018

The protocol concerns estimations of the population density in prehistory at different spatial scales. The following issues are addressed: chronological resolution of demographic changes, estimation of the weight of values for population density in order to transform the initial values included in the sample into the values that may be compared with each other at the regional scale, calibration of the transformed values into real population densities, and the estimation of the weight of values for population density at the scales of macro-regions and for the density of metapopulations.
Epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of meningiomas in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ali Kanwar Sajid , Jalal Malik Liaqat Ali , Hassan Sohaib , Kashif Muhammad
Published: November 2018

Background: Meningiomas are the second most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. These tumors have an inherited tendency to progress and recur. These tumors are more common in females. The aim of this study was to observe the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of meningiomas in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Pathology Department of the Postgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2013 to December 2013. The cases were collected from the Pathology Laboratory of the Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. This study was conducted on 50 cases of histologically diagnosed meningiomas. The sample size was calculated using 15% expected prevalence of meningiomas at 95% confidence interval and 10% level of precision. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 17.Results: There were 22 (44%) male and 28 (56%) female patients in this study. The mean age of patients was 47.28±14.71 years with the median age 47 years. The minimum and maximum ages were 18 and 75 years and age range was 57 years. Out of 50 cases, fourty two cases were diagnosed as benign meningiomas (WHO Grade-I). Six cases were of atypical meningiomas (WHO grade II). Two cases were diagnosed as anaplastic meningiomas (WHO grade III).Conclusions: It can be concluded from the findings of present study that meningiomas are more common in females than males with grade I meningiomas outnumber the grade II and grade III meningiomas.
An epidemiological study on effect of occupational exposure of cement
Authors: G. Saji K. , M. Zubair , Nair Sreelatha B. , R. Varghese P.
Published: November 2018

Background: Construction industry chiefly depends on the cement. The constituents in the cement have various health effects in the exposed group. The present study focused to realize the health effects of cement exposure and duration of exposure.Methods: The sample size was 831 male workers. The labourers included were construction workers (masons, helpers and concrete mixers) and cement loading and unloading workers. They were categorized in to five groups which were 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24 and 25+ years based on the duration of exposure to cement. Health hazards among these labourers were categorized in to lung function impairment symptoms, cutaneous symptoms and other symptoms.Results: High frequency of respiratory tract ailments (persistent cough 54%, breathlessness 47%) was observed among loading workers as they were handling cement dust. Burning was the most observed one in concrete mixer (70%), hair loss and change in hair colour was observed in 60% of all categories of workers. Skin related ailments were more prevalent among masons, helpers and concrete mixers.Conclusions: The frequency symptoms had correlation with their nature of work in the construction industry. Prolonged exposure to hazardous substances will decline the efficiency of labourers by malfunctioning their physiological functions. Proper awareness about the hazardous substances and well taken precautions among these labours can enhance their efficacy and wellbeing.
Evaluation of minimal erythemadose in patients who use dihydropyridinic calcium channel blockers
Authors: DEMİRKAN Serkan , ŞAVK Ekin , ŞENDUR Neslihan , KARAMAN Göksun , USLU Meltem
Published: November 2018

Aim:
One
of the most frequent and reliable methods for determining phototoxicity is to monitor
the minimal erythema dose(MED) related to UVA after using the drug.In our study, it was aimed to determine whether dihydropyridine-derived
calcium channel blockers cause phototoxicity.Material
and Methods: Eight open areas of 1 cm2 were left on
the backs of the patients. Eight different doses of UVA were applied to these 8
areas starting at 2 j / cm2 and increasing to 16 j / cm2; After 24 hours, the
first area which had significant erythema was checked. This value is defined as
minimal erythematous dose (MED). MED values of patients were measured before
treatment and on the 7th day of treatment.Results:Thirty-nine
hypertensive patients, 20 female and 19 male, were included in the study.

Conclusion:
Dihydropyridine-derived calcium channel blockers did not cause a change in MED
for UVA and therefore did not cause phototoxicity.
Dokuzuncu gebelikte siyam ikizi: Genel anestezi altında sezaryenle doğum
Authors: Kılıçarsalan Gamze , Günaydın Berrin , Toruk Salih , BAYRAM Merih , EMMEZ Gökçen , TOKGÖZ Nil , KURTİPEK Ömer
Published: November 2018

Sekiz yaşayan çocuğu olan ve siyam ikizine
gebe annenin
genel anestezi altında sezaryenle doğumu sunularak, yüksek neonatal fatal
prognoz riski nedeniyle gebe takibinin önemine dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Karotis stentlemede yaş ve peroperatif morbidite İlişkisi
Authors: ORHAN Gürdal , DAĞLIOĞLU Ergün
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Karotid
arter stenozu ileri yaş olgularda görülen bir hastalıktır. Karotid stenozu
tedavisinde uygulanan karotis stentlemede peroperatif morbidite ve mortalitenin
yaşa bağlı arttığı belirtilmektedir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu
çalışmada Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde 2017 Ocak ve 2018
Ağustos tarihleri arasında karotis stentleme yapılan 106 olgu analiz edilmiş
olup yaş ve risk faktörleri ile peroperatif morbidite ve mortalite ilişkisi
araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: 106
olgunun analiz edildiği bu çalışmada 55 yaş altı görülen olgularda 2 olguda
görülen hipotansiyon dışında herhangi bir morbidite gözlenmemiştir. 75 yaş ve
üzeri olgularda ise hipotansiyon görülmemiş olup 55 yaş altı gruba göre daha
fazla morbidite mevcuttur. 55-65 yaş arası yer alan grupta ise 1 olguda afazi,
1 olguda sol homonim hemianopsi, 1 mortalite olmuştur. 65-75 yaş arası grupta
ise 2 olguda kısmi parezi, 1 olguda disfazi gözlenmiş ve 1 olguda postoperatif
eksitus olmuştur. 75 yaş üzeri grupta ise 1 olguda silik hemiparezi, 1 olguda
kranial sinir parezisi ve gözlerde deviasyon görülmüş olup postoperatif dönemde
nöbet görülen 1 olgu ise eksitus olmuştur. Yaş artışı ile birlikte peroperatif morbidite
ve mortalite oranlarında artış olduğu oransal olarak görülse de anlamlı bir
istatistiksel sonuç elde edilememektedir. Hipotansiyonun ise yaşla birlikte
azaldığı görülmektedir.

Sonuç: 55 yaş altı karotis stentlemede risk minimal
olup hipotansiyon oransal olarak fazla görülmekte, 75 yaş üzeri grupta da
hipotansiyon görülmeyip komplikasyonlar artış göstermektedir.
How Canadian Intelligence is Exposed to the Impact of Globalization: A Critical Analysis of the Security Threat of Right-Wing Extremism
Authors: Meyers Sarah
Published: November 2018

It could be argued that Canadian intelligence has been negligent toward the impact of globalisation when assessing the security threat of right-wing extremism (RWE), specifically with the advent of the internet and the significant reduction of the influence of state borders on national policy objectives, and therefore has exposed itself to the potential of intelligence failure. This paper is focused on the state of right-wing extremism in Canada through which it addresses the security question: How is Canadian intelligence exposed to the impact of globalisation? The results of this paper are informed by an in-depth analysis of peer-reviewed articles from Canada, the United States (US), and Europe, as well as Canadian government documents, and newspaper articles, as well as the completion of a key assumptions, check to address bias and better evaluate the evidence found. This paper concludes that it appears likely that Canadian intelligence may not be assessing RWE threats through the lens of globalisation. It could be argued that this creates the potential for intelligence failure. However, there remains one significant caveat. It can be interpreted in Public Safety Canada’s latest update that RWE may soon be considered a type of terrorism. If this is the case, the evidence proves that Canadian intelligence may in fact be considering the impact of globalisation in the context of terrorism and therefore would likely implement the same consideration for RWE.
The Dutch Terror Plot: A Cultural Motive
Authors: Vancouver CASIS
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Night Wolves Motorcycle Club
Authors: Vancouver CASIS
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Global Migration-Security Nexus
Authors: Vancouver CASIS
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A Canadian Perspective on Lawfare
Authors: Vancouver CASIS
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Cyber Security in an Information Warfare Age
Authors: Vancouver CASIS
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Night Wolves Club's Influence on Kinetic Activity in Host Populations
Authors: Vancouver CASIS
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON BENZODIAZIPINE (BZD) ABUSERS OF DHAKA CITY: A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Monjur Forhad , Rizwan Farhana
Published: November 2018

Benzodiazepines (BZD) are highly potential drug for abuse among the most frequently prescribed medicine. Different studies say that young-adults are the vulnerable population of BZD misuse in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was designed to evaluate the BZD drug abuser with relation to its impact on socio-psychological condition of Dhaka city. A cross sectional study consisted of 468 current BZD users. The participants were chosen randomly. Structured questionnaires included participant’s personal information; drug use characteristics; physiological and psychological effects of drugs. Verbal consent was taken from each respondent. In this study, 96.15% were male where 40.39 % of respondents were from the age group 23-27 years.  57.70 % participants were single. Here, 34.62 % were student, 40.38 % had monthly family income above 50,000 BDT. BZD was used to relive from stress/pressure by 23.07%, from insomnia by 13.46% of respondents. The drug of choice was diazepam for 44.24% respondents. Most of the users (44.23%) were influenced by friends. 32.69% participant concomitantly used BZD with YABA. The common problem was amnesia, confusion and difficulty in cognition. The withdrawal effects were rebound insomnia, anxiety, headache; restlessness and so on. Drug abuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. Therefore, these findings may help Government or policymakers to take initiative for drug addict. Moreover, there is need of further research on these topics in different area of Bangladesh to get the complete scenario of drug abuse, especially BZD abuse.
PREVALENCE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IGG ANTIBODIES, POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS AND AWARENESS OF CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AMONG FEMALE DOCTORS
Authors: Abdullah Almoaish Mohammed Ali , Al-Shamahy Hassan A. , Ali Al- Hajj Manal Mutahar , Nasser Dainamah Samera Muthanna , Al-Madhaji Anwar G
Published: November 2018

Female staff in children-Mother care hospitals may run an increased risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) contact infection leading to a congenital CMV feto-pathy during pregnancy. Also, because of limited treatment options for congenital cytomegalovirus infection, preventive strategies are important so knowledge and awareness among doctors are essential for the success of preventive strategies. Thus this study was carried out to determine the positive rate of IgG among female doctors at age bearing who care for children and mothers in Sana'a hospitals. Also, to investigate the knowledge of congenital CMV among doctors involved in the study. This cross sectional study was carried out for one year (June 2017- June 2018); 178 Yemeni female doctors were included in this study. 23 (12.9%) of the total female doctors were pediatrics, 32(18%) gynecology and obstetrics, 9 (5.1%) Oto-rhinolaryngology and 114 (64%) were general practices. Blood samples were collected from all participants and tested for IgG antibodies of HCMV by ELISA. The individual's data were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire including; demographic data, risk factors. Also, a questionnaire on CMV infection was answered by doctors on the knowledge concerning epidemiology, transmission, symptoms and signs of CMV infection in adults and children; and treatment options. 13.4% of female doctors were negative (HCMV IgG <9 SU), while the rest (86.6%) were positive (HCMV IgG ≥ 11 SU). There was escalate trend of positive HCMV IgG antibodies rate with increasing age, significance association between sero-positive HCMV IgG antibodies and parity (OR=3.1, p=0.01), 1-3 pregnancy rate (OR=2.2, p=0.05), and history of surgery (OR=3.8, p=0.01). Most of the doctors were aware that most healthy adults and pregnant women do not experience any symptoms of a CMV infection (66.8%); and only one-fifth of the respondents were aware that kissing, and changing diapers, are risk factors for the transmission of CMV. Also, only half of the total respondents were aware that microcephaly (59%), and hearing loss (56.7%) could be symptoms of congenital CMV. This study revealed that the HCMV is highly endemic in our population where the prevalence of IgG among the medical female doctors was 86.5%, thus HCMV should be considered as a possible cause of morbidity and mortality in fetus and might in mothers in Yemen. Increasing knowledge and awareness is expected to enhance the prevention of transmission, to improve recognition, and to stimulate diagnostic investigations and follow-up programs.
STUDY OF RESISTANCE FOR RECENTLY MARKETED CARBAPENEM DRUG AMONG HOSPITALISED PATIENTS IN SANA'A, YEMEN
Authors: Alyahawi Ali , Alkaf Ali , Alnamer Rashad , Alnosary Taha
Published: November 2018

Carbapenem resistance is a major and a future public health problem globally. It occurs mainly among Gram-negative bacteria.  Meropenem is the recently marketed carbapenem drug in Yemen. However, recent emergence of carbapenem-resistant isolates has become a major healthcare concern. The current study was designed to estimate the prevalence of meropenem resistance among hospitalised patients in Sana'a, Yemen. The study was performed at a local hospital in Sana’a, Yemen. The records of Meropenem susceptibility were taken for hospitalised patients. A total of 443 Meropenem susceptibility samples were collected from August, 2017 to July, 2018. The meropenem susceptibility was studied against several isolated pathogens. Out of 443 study sample, 316 (71.3%) were meropenem sensitive isolates and 25.3% of samples were resistant. The Escherichia coli isolates were observed in 27.5% of sample, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.6%). 36.4% of total meropenem sensitive isolates (115/316) were Escherichia coli. In addition, 94.3% (115/122) of Escherichia coli isolates were meropenem sensitive. However, the Klebsiella species had higher meropenem resistance than other pathogens (30/112; 26.8%). Moreover, 89.7% (26/29) of Acinetobacter species isolates were meropenem resistant. 82.4% (42/51) of Klebsiella pneumonia isolates were meropenem sensitive and 32.2% (28/87) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were meropenem resistance. In the present study, 34.5% (109/316) of meropenem sensitive isolates were from blood cultures, followed by sputum cultures (23.7%; 75/316). However, 58% (65/112) of sputum culture isolates were meropenem resistance. This study concluded that the percentage of resistance to meropenem was high (25.3%) and cannot be neglected. Continued surveillance to closely monitor trends as well as infection control and antibiotic stewardship activities are necessary to preserve treatment options. A more careful monitoring for use of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be instituted.
PREVALENCE OF HBV AND HCV; AND THEIR ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER CLEANERS AT SELECTED PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN
Authors: AL-Marrani Waleed Hasan Mohammed , Al-Shamahy Hassan A.
Published: November 2018

Occupational exposure of public health center cleaners (PHCCs) to blood and body fluids after skin injury or mucous membrane contact constitutes a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens. In the industrialized world, occupational surveillance is performed to assess and monitor health hazards related to blood borne pathogens. In contrast, in developing countries as Yemen, exposure and health impacts are rarely monitored and much remains to be done to protect PHCCs. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV and their potential risk factors among PHCCs.  A cross sectional prospective study was conducted among 388 PHCCs. Data was collected using pre-tested and structured questions. Venous blood was collected and the sera were tested for HBV surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C antibodies using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay technique. The data were analysis by EPI-Info. Chi square and Odds ratio tests were used to assess the association of risk factors with HBV and HCV positivity. Results revealed that among the total 388 PHCCs examined, HBV and HCV were detected in 32 (8.2%), and 4 (1.03%) of them respectively.  There was significant risk factors of hepatitis viruses with age group 20-24 years (OR=2.8), exposure to patients blood (OR=3), accidental stick of used needles (OR=2.3), sharp injury (OR=5.6), history of blood transfusion (OR=2.5), and hospital admission (OR=2.7). Also significant protected roles for HBV vaccine was found with infection. In conclusion high prevalence rates of HBV and HCV occurred in PHCCs. Unfortunately; all workers did not take training on medical waste and few workers use protective measures consistently as vaccination. There is needed to make vaccination of health care workers against HBV infection a firm policy and ensure complete and consistent adherence to work standard safety measures.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIRECT COMPRESSED MATRIX MINI TABLETS OF NAPROXEN SODIUM
Authors: Opeyemi Oyeniran Taiwo , Adegbenro Obanewa opeyemi
Published: November 2018

The present study was carried out to formulate and evaluate multiparticulate system containing mini-tablets of Naproxen sodium. Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Pre-formulation studies showed good ﬂow and compaction capacity, leading to the production of high quality mini-tablets. The drug-excipients compatibility studies were performed using FTIR techniques. Ten different matrix mini tablets were manufactured by direct compression using various polymers like HPMC K4M, PVP K30 in different ratio. The prepared mini tablets were subjected to pre and post compressional parameters and the values were within the prescribed limits. The in-vitro performance showed the desired biphasic behaviour. Drug release from matrix mini tablets was sustained over a period of 10 hours and release rate. Study concludes that Naproxen sodium can be successfully released in a controlled manner by the use of developed matrix mini-tablets.
MANAJEMEN KEWIRAUSAHAAN SEBAGAI MEDIA DAKWAH
Authors: Aziz Fathul Amin
Published: November 2018

Entrepreneurial management process can be used as a medium of propaganda because it has some lofty goals in accordance with the valuesâ€‹/precious religion norms. This value is to improve the welfare of society, to make progress, to cultivate the spirit of attitudes, behaviors, reliable, superior, amanah, tabligh, and fatonah. Process toward the goal of entrepreneurial management can be carried out by Muslim entrepreneurs as a medium of propaganda, particularly through the planning of activities to include the fulfillment of religious obligations, recruitment, promotion and office, organizing, implementation to monitoring.
 Keywords: entrepreneurship, daâ€™wa
Proses manajemen kewirausahaan dapat dijadikan media dakwah karena memiliki beberapa tujuan mulia sesuai dengan nilai/norma-norma agama yang luhur. Nilai tersebut adalah meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, menghasilkan kemajuan, membudayakan semangat sikap, perilaku, handal, unggul, amanah, tabligh, dan fatonah. Proses menuju tujuan manajemen kewirausahaan tersebut dapat dilakukan oleh para pengusaha Muslim sebagai media dakwah, diantaranya melalui perencanaan kegiatan kegiatan dengan memasukkan pemenuhan kewajiaban agama, perekrutan anggota, kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan sampai dengan pengawasan.
Kata kunci: kewirausahaan, dakwah
HUBUNGAN ANTARA RASIO HUTANG DAN PROFITABILITAS DENGAN REAKSI PASAR (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG MENGELUARKAN SUKUK)
Authors: Ma'sumah Siti
Published: November 2018

Companies that will enlarge the business can issue sukuk to raise funds. Sukuk issuance by the company will be reacted by the market. The market reaction may be affected by the debt ratio and profitability. So of the research aims to determine the relationship between debt and profitability with market reaction.
The population of this research is the company issuing the sukuk from 2007 to 2015. The sampling technique used in determining the sample is purposive sampling, with the following criteria: 1. The company is listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2. Publish financial statements in the year of issuance of sukuk 3. Has the complete data needed in the study 4. Sukuk issued by the company in the same year been one that has the largest nominal.
Based on the analysis that has been made known that the debt ratio does not significantly negative associated with market reaction. Profitability does not significantly positive associated with market reaction.
Keywords: Debt Ratio, Profitability and Market Reaction.
APLIKASI MURABAHAH PADA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Damayanti Erna
Published: November 2018

Abstact
The implementation of murabahah concept in syariah bank, if connected to clerical view, experienced some modification. Murabahah practiced in LKS is known as murabahah li al-'mir bi al-syirÃ¢ ', a sale and purchase transaction in which a customer comes to the bank to buy a commodity with certain criteria, and he promises to buy the commodity/goods in a murabahah contract, i.e. in accordance with the cost of goods purchased plus the level of profit agreed by both parties. The customer will pay it through periodical installment in accordance with his financial capabilities. The application of murabahah in the practice of Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS) is the transfer of direct ownership from suppliers to customers, whereas direct bank payments are made to the first seller/supplier. The customer as the last buyer receives the goods after having entered into a murabaha agreement with the bank and the LKS conducts murabaha with the customer, and at the same time represents the wakalah contract to the customer to buy the goods themselves.
 
Keywords: Application, Murabahah, LKS (Sharia Financial Institution).
PENDEKATAN PRINSIP GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA INSANI (SDI)
Authors: Prasetia Yosi Septa
Published: November 2018

Penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik atau good corporate governance (GCG) merupakan konsep yang menekankan pentingnya para stakeholder untuk memperoleh informasi yang benar, akurat dan dapat dipertanggungajawabkan atau seperangkat regulasi yang mengatur hubungan antar stakeholder untuk mencegah terjadinya kesalahan yang signifikan dan memastikan bahwa kesalahan yang terjadi dapat dengan segera diperbaiki. Oleh karena itu untuk mewujudkan sistem GCG di butuhkan SDI yang berkualitas, memiliki professionalism Islam dan lingkungan kerja yang nyaman. Manajemen SDI berfungsi untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan SDI yang berkualitas sehingga mampu menerapkan GCG secara maksimal. Salah satu cara menajemen SDI itu adalah menumbuhkan prinsip-prinsip GCG pada kepribadian karyawan dan lingkungan kerja perusahaan.
Kata kunci: sumber daya insani, good corporate governance
ANALISIS PREDIKSI POTENSI KEBANGKRUTAN PADA PT BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA Tbk PERIODE 2012-2016 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALTMAN MODIFIKASI
Authors: Hilyatin Dewi Laela
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Bankruptcy is a very essential issue that every company should be aware of. Bankruptcy of a company can be minimized by advanced prediction; such as analyzing the financial statements. This study discusses the financial performance of PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk, which indicates that there is a degression in some number of financial ratios, the closing of offices and firing of employees in 2012-2016, causing he fact that BMI must pay attention and improve its financial performance and anticipate the existence of a bankruptcy in the company.
Based on Altman analysis modification for financial performance of PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk in 2012-2016, it found Z-Score value of 0,825, 0,659, 1,243, 0,982 and 0,892. Based on Z-Score criteria, PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk is predicted to experience problems in management and financial structure and also in potentially bankruptcy due to Z-Score value <1,1 while the highest Z-Score value is in 2014, which shows the value of Z-Score>1,1 and <2,6, which means the company is in the gray area, meaning the companyâ€™s category is not said to be bankrupt and also not healthy.
Keywords: Bankruptcy, Altman Modification Method
ANJAK PIUTANG (FACTORING) SEBAGAI BENTUK AKAD MUAMALAH MODERN
Authors: Quran Amanah Aida
Published: November 2018

Abstract

In business world, people always want to expedite the production of goods, so as to increase profits and accelerate capital turnover, which in turn will promote economic growth. The increase of social demand for consumer goods causes many companies prepare funds, taken from fund provider called factoring. Financial or fund provider is a business institution that deals with financing in the form of purchasing and taking over and handling short term receivables. This paper discusses the concept of factoring in the perspective of the economic Islamic law using hiwalah theory approach. In addition, this article  explain the different concept of sharia and conventional factoring.

Keywords: Factoring, Hiwalah, Islamic Economics.
Thermal Properties of a New Pavement Material for Using in Road Construction
Authors: Petkova-Slipets Rositsa , Zlateva Penka
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the results from a study of the thermo-physical properties of a new synthetic acrylic polymer used as material in road construction and as concrete on its basis. For the purposes of the study, the Modified Transient Plane Source Method (MTPS) was used. Data on the following thermal characteristics were obtained: thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal effusion, thermal diffusion and specific thermal capacity. A comparative analysis was made with the analogous indicators of conventional petroleum bitumen and asphalt concrete. The results of the study can be used for a more precise calculation and prognosis of temperature deformations and thermal stresses, as well as the crack propensity at low temperatures in asphalt concretes.
Updating the Design Map of Frost Indexes as a Prerequisite for Relevant Assessment of Track Substructure for Non-Traffic Load
Authors: Ižvolt Libor , Dobeš Peter , Pieš Juraj
Published: November 2018

The initial part of the paper briefly characterizes the present state of the track substructure dimensioning for the non-traffic load and the necessity of updating the design map of frost indexes IFd as a basis for dimensioning. A substantial part of the paper is dedicated to the method of evaluating the data provided by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI), and determining the dependency of design air frost indexes IFd on altitude for the coldest winter period in the past 50 years. The paper conclusion presents the updated design map of frost indexes and the assessment of the importance of its updating in terms of the track substructure dimensioning methodology for the non-traffic load.
Columnar Entasis in Vignola’s and other Renaissance Works
Authors: Grúňová Zuzana , Holešová Michaela
Published: November 2018

Entasis, upward curvature, columnar inclination and several other manipulations or deviations from the strict geometrical rules were known in Ancient Greece and Rome and some of them - entasis could be taken as example - were used up to the beginning of the 20th century in eclectic and historicizing architecture. The article mentions historical texts about entasis from Vitruvius up to Renaissance works. Mainly Vignola’s description of proper and elegant way of how to construct columnar entasis curve of the Tuscan and Doric order columns is discussed in detail and expressed mathematically.
Determination of Pressure Coefficient for a High-Rise Building with Atypical Ground Plan
Authors: Medvecká Soňa , Ivánková Ol’ga , Macák Marek , Michalcová Vladimíra
Published: November 2018

In this article, the results of pressure coefficient on the atypical object obtained by experimental measurements in a boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) of Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU) and computational fluid dynamics simulation (CFD) are presented. The pressure coefficient is one of the most important parameters expressing the wind pressure distribution on the structure. The loading by wind can only be acquired by execution of detailed tests and numerical analyses [1].
Stability and Phase Portraits for Simple Dynamical Systems
Authors: Kúdelčíková Mária , Merčiaková Eva
Published: November 2018

In structural dynamics models of mechanical oscillator and vibration analysis are of great importance. In this article motion of mechanical oscillator is modelled using second order linear autonomous differential systems. Stability of such 1 DOF models is investigated with respect to the coefficients of systems. Phase portraits for various cases are displayed and the character of fixed points is described.