bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agenda Setting Media untuk Penguatan Kesadaran dan Kepedulian Lingkungan Hidup di Kalangan Remaja Di Eks Karesidenan Banyumas
Authors: Jati Petrus Imam prawoto
Published: November 2020

Today's society has close links with the media. An important function of the media that will never ende by time is the function of the media setting agenda. Agenda Setting Theory is a theory that states the ability of mass media to transfer elements of awareness and information elements into the public agenda by directing people's awareness and attention to issues that are considered important by the media. Lately, there have been many global problems that have come to the attention of the public at large about waste, pollution, climate change, global warming, and so on. In this case, the researcher seeks to identify media opportunities in an effort to raise environmental issues that have an impact on strengthening environmental awareness and awareness of adolescents in the former residency of Banyumas. This study uses a qualitative design, with a pragmatic approach. This approach does not have a certain theoretical orientation, but rather an attempt to answer a concrete problem in human life (Patton, 2002). This approach becomes relevant, especially to produce a model of utilizing social media for resource development, in this case human resources, namely youth and natural resources, namely the tourism potential of Serayu. Data mining was carried out through in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews), observation and focus group discussions (FGD). Observations made were by trying to dig up data from existing media reports both online and offline. While in-depth interviews and FGDs were chosen to explore the practice of using social media in citizen journalism, by selecting informants purposively, namely adolescents who are active in using both online and conventional media. The long-term goal of this research is expected to be the first step to making a comprehensive study to find out the complete conditions of environmental awareness and awareness among adolescents in the Ex Residence of Banyumas District. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used as input for the media in order to build awareness and concern for the environment for the audience, especially teenagers. From the results of research conducted showed that most teenagers in the ex-Banyumas Residency have environmental awareness that comes from the media they use. The media used here is social media in accordance with the platforms commonly used by teenagers today. However, the condition of this awareness immediately disappears when social media aggressively raises other problems which are considered warmer in the media to be published. It can be concluded that the environmental issues scheduled by social media have the potential to foster environmental awareness and awareness among adolescents.
Komodifikasi Ritual dalam Praktik Bridal Shower di Yogyakarta
Authors: Vidiadari Irene Santika
Published: November 2020

Bridal shower merupakan sebuah ritual yang saat ini menjadi tren di Yogyakarta. Penyelenggaraan acara ini tidak terlepas dari paket acara yang disediakan oleh penyedia jasa Event Organizer (EO) atau Party Planner (PP). Dengan kata lain, paket acara ini menjadi komoditas dari para EO. Artikel ini membahas mengenai komodifikasi ritual dalam praktik bridal shower di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dan pengumpulan datanya menggunakan wawancara mendalam kepada tiga penyedia jasa EO yang menyediakan jasa paket acara bridal shower. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komodifikasi ini dilakukan oleh para penyedia jasa EO dalam bentuk ragam harga yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan paket acara seperti dekorasi, makanan, videografer, fotografer dan pembawa acara. Dekorasi dan dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan konsumen yang ingin eksis di media sosial, dan mengutamakan pengalaman bersenang-senang bersama teman-teman calon pengantin. Pada sisi harga paket, EO mengacu pada standar harga dari kota besar seperti Jakarta dan Surabaya. Upaya diversifikasi tema bridal shower dan promosi melalui media sosial juga dilakukan oleh para EO untuk memperluas pasarnya.
MODEL KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF ANAK DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sulthan Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Komunikasi persuasif dalam penting suatu keniscayaan dan komunikasi persuasif anak didik SDtentu berbeda dengan komunikasi persuasif tingkatan di atasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui model komunikasi persuasif dalam mendidik anak SD. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, Informan dipilih dengan berdasarkanteknik purposive sampling yang representatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan datasekunder. Analisis datanya dengan mereduksi data, menyajikan, menyimpulkan, terakhirdivalidasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komuunikasi persuasif dengan anak didik sekolahdasar memerlukan inisiatif yang massif oleh guru dalam berempati kepada anak didik, sepertimemperbanyak diskusi, mengarahkan secara halus, mendampingi, mndengarkan keluh kesahnya.Dengan begitu anak didik merasa lebih diperhatikan sehingga tercipta suasan yang dialogis antarapendidik dengan anak didik maka secara otomatis anak didik menjadi bersemangat dalam belajarpada akhirnya suasana yang menyenangkan di dalam kelas.
PENGARUH STATUS EKONOMI, PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TENTANG SMK DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMP TERHADAP MINAT MELANJUTKAN PENDIDIKAN DI SMK NEGERI 1 PURWOKERTO
Authors: Nuryanto Agus , Sutrijat Sumadi , Pinasti Margani
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh status ekonomi orang tua,pengetahuan orang tua, dan prestasi belajar siswa terhadap minat siswa SMP Negeri diPurwokerto untuk melanjutkan sekolah di SMK Negeri 1 Purwokerto. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian survey dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul datanya. Populasidalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri di Purwokerto tahun pelajaran2013/2014 sebanyak 2.068 siswa dan diambil sampel sebanyak 335 siswa dengan teknik purposiveproportional random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji persamaan regresi linier. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa status ekonomi orang tua berpengaruh negatif terhadap minatsiswa SMP Negeri di Purwokerto untuk melanjutkan sekolah di SMK Negeri 1 Purwokerto (t hitung= -8,083). Pengetahuan orang tua berpengaruh positif terhadap minat siswa SMP Negeri diPurwokerto untuk melanjutkan sekolah di SMK Negeri 1 Purwokerto (t hitung = 8,165). Prestasibelajar siswa berpengaruh negatif terhadap minat siswa SMP Negeri di Purwokerto untukmelanjutkan sekolah di SMK Negeri 1 Purwokerto (t hitung =-5,577). Implikasi dari hasil penelitianyaitu: Sekolah hendaknya memberikan program beasiswa terhadap siswa SMP yang berasal darikeluarga dengan status ekonomi yang kurang agar lebih berminat untuk melanjutkanpendidikanya ke SMK. Sosialisasi tentang pendidikan SMK perlu ditingkatkan, terutama padaorang tua siswa SMP agar orang tua dapat memberikan pertimbangan yang rasional dalammengarahkan anaknya untuk melanjutkan pendidikan di SMK. Sekolah hendaknya melakukanpendekatan yang persuasif kepada siswa SMP yang berprestasi tinggi agar berminat melanjutkanpendidikan ke SMK seperti menjamin penyaluran kerja ke perusahaan-perusahaan.
KEGIATAN PT. KELASKITA EDUKASI DALAM MELAKUKAN KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN
Authors: Wiryany Detya , Suminar Jenny Ratna , Hafiar Hanny
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan Kelaskita dalamdalam komunikasi pemasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan landasan konseptual dari komunikasipemasaran. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metodestudi kasus. Data yang diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Promosi yang dilakukan Kelaskita dalam media sosialterbilang efektif karena memenuhi aspek pemasaran 4p di dalamnya, di tambah dengan strategitambahan yang digunakan yaitu email campaign, dan push notification. Kemajuan teknologi dankebutuhan masyarakat dilihat Kelaskita sebagai peluang, dan segmentasi yang dibidik yaitupelajar yang akan menghadapi ujian nasional. Dengan target sasaran yaitu pelajar denganpositioning produk platform aplikasi, dimana hal tersebut memiliki potensi yang besar diIndonesia. Adapun pandangan startup yang di temui oleh peneliti adalah pross merintis dan growup merupakan nilai tambah dalam strategi menjalankan perusahaan rintisan. Disampingmembuat inovasi secara berkala dan konsisten dalam melakukan kegiatan promosi.
MAKNA TAWURAN SEBAGAI TRADISI BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 70 JAKARTA
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Handriyani , Setianti Yanti , Sani Anwar
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna tradisi tawuran di SMAN 70 Jakartayangdimiliki oleh siswa pelaku tawuran.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teorifenomenologi Husserl dan teori konstrusi atas realita sosial oleh Berger & Luckmann. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa makna tawuran sebagai tradisi bagi siswa pelaku tawuran diSMAN 70 Jakarta dapat dikategorikan sebagai makna afirmatif (tawuran sebagai sebuah nilaikebanggaan) dan negative (stereotype dan insecurities). Pengalaman komunikasi yang merekaalami yaitu cara perkenalan tawuran oleh kakak kelasnya, sehingga menimbulkan motivasi bagimereka untuk melakukan tawuran, serta timbul tanggapan dari mereka untuk meneruskan ataumenghentikan kegiatan tawuran. Pola komunikasi yang dilakukan para siswa pelaku tawuranuntuk menghilangkan reputasi SMAN 70 Jakarta sebagai pegiat tawuran tentunya menempuhberbagai macam usaha dan menimbulkan pertentangan diantara siswa pelaku tawuran karenaadanya dilema antara untuk mempertahankan tradisi dan reputasi atau menghentikan kegiatantawuran di SMAN 70 Jakarta.
Are Hydrogen Peroxide, Hypochlorite and Peracetic Acid Potential Endocrine Disruptors?
Authors: Zhong Shu-shu , Zhang Jun , Liu Ze-hua , Dang Zhi , Liu Yu
Published: November 2020

Arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase are two important enzymes in human, which play important role on dynamic equilibrium of steroidal estrogens. This work probably for the first time reported that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorite and peracetic acid (PAA) could effectively inhibit the activities of arylsulfatase and/or β-glucuronidase. The 50 percent of inhibitions (IC50) of H2O2, and PAA on arylsulfatase were found to be 142.90±9.00, 91.83±10.01, and 43.46±2.92 μM, respectively. The corresponding respective IC50 of hypochlorite and PAA on β-glucuronidase were 704.90±41.40 and 23.26±0.82 μM, while H2O2 showed no inhibition on β-glucuronidase. It was further revealed that the inhibition of hypochlorite on both arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase was irreversible. On the contrary, the inhibition by H2O2 and PAA was reversible. Moreover, it was found that the inhibitions of arylsulfatase and/or β-glucuronidase by these three chemicals were pH-dependent, among which the inhibition by H2O2 was competitive and non-competitive for PAA. In general, H2O2 and hypochlorite can be endogenously produced in human, which suggested that the two compounds are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs) as they can cause endocrine disruption via inhibition of arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase. This work further indicated that any agent that can induce production of H2O2 or hypochlorite in human is potential EDC, which explains why some EDCs with very weak or no estrogenic potency can cause endocrine disruption that confirmed in epidemiological studies.
An Analysis of Patient-Generated Health Data in Assisting Nurses and Physicians to Better Treat Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Chaparadza Diana
Published: November 2020

Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD is not new but it has gained more attention these past years due to the advent of smart devices, remote monitoring devices and many applications on various smart devices. PGHD reflects medications and treatment, lifestyle choices, and health history. Unlike traditional medical visits, where clinicians collect and manage data within their offices, PGHD is collected by patients throughout the course of their day and provides an insight of how they are responding to treatments or lifestyle choices. Examples include blood glucose monitoring or blood pressure readings using home health equipment, exercise and diet tracking using mobile applications or wearable devices such as the Fitbit or other smart watches.
Features of circulation of agricultural lands in Ukraine for legal entities
Authors: Buletsa Sibilla
Published: November 2020

Land in Ukraine can be in private, communal and state ownership. The lands of Ukraine include all lands within its territory, including islands and lands occupied by water bodies, which are divided into categories according to their main purpose. Legal entities may acquire land mainly for use on the rights of lease, sublease, emphyteusis and permanent use, may have agricultural land on the right of lifelong inherited land tenure, the legal regulation of which is currently absent. In Ukraine at this stage, models of organization of relations between business partners are effectively and justifiably used through the creation of a joint holding company in a foreign jurisdiction, which further establishes the company in Ukraine. As a result of the anti-terrorist operation and the occupation of Crimea on the territory of Ukraine, the rights of thousands of people to housing, land and property, including the rights of agricultural land use, were violated. Today, land lease is the main way of doing agribusiness, lease agreements have become an important tool for absorbing weaker competitors or seizing their land. In conditions of slow growth in the cost of rent, agricultural holdings can afford a slightly higher fee, which gives them a significant advantage over farmers. However, the moratorium on land has been lifted in 2020 and the land market in Ukraine will be introduced on July 1, 2021. From this date, agricultural land will be available to individuals, ie the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land will be lifted. As for legal entities, the land market will be open for them only from January 1, 2024.
Interests of Future Generations, Environmental Protection and the Fundamental Law
Authors: Bándi Gyula
Published: November 2020

The Fundamental Law of Hungary has a special focus on sustainable development, the protection of the interests of future generations and the common heritage of the nation. The ombudsman for future generation is a special and unique institution, responsible for the safeguard of these issues. The primary mission of the ombudsman is to remind the state, including all the state organs and levels, of this task and responsibility, also to propose legislation and to examine individual complaints. In this article we provide a breif overview of those part of the Fundamental Law, which are well-equipped by the decisions of the Constitutional Court. Among others is is clear from the above cases, that everyone has a three-fold obligation towards the interest of the future generation: conservation of options, conservation of quality, and conservation of access. These are supported by the principle of non-derogation and also by the wide interpretation of precautionary principle, in connection with the fundamental right to the environment.
FAO experiences with land market development and land management instruments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Authors: Hartvigsen Morten , Gorgan Maxim
Published: November 2020

Most countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have farm structures characterized by excessive land fragmentation and small average farm sizes. Well-functioning agricultural land markets are a precondition for agricultural and rural development in general. However, agricultural land markets remain weak and still face many constraints in the region. Land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking in addition to facilitating agricultural development also contribute to land market development. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is providing technical assistance to the member countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia related to development of agricultural land markets and introduction of land management instruments such as land consolidation and land banking.
Islam’s Combat of Racism as Evidenced by Al-Qur’an and Hadith
Authors: Latef Khadiga Musa
Published: November 2020

A few months ago the USA was overcome by nationwide protests that continue to this day; these protests expanded internationally. The protests were sparked by the death of George Floyd, an unconvict African-American man. The incident indicates that racism is still prevalent. This article shall argue that Islam condemns racism and that it came with a plan to end slavery, which was very popular in pre-Islamic days and also to end racist action in all its forms. According to Islamic teaching, racism should have disappeared fourteen centuries ago. This article shall present Qur’anic verses and Prophetic hadith to the effect that in Islam all people are supposed to live in harmony and equality. There should be no discrimination on bases of race, money, skin color or religious believes.
Scientific Approach in K-13; the Impact on the Quality of the Learning Process and Outcomes in MAN
Authors: Pahrudin Agus , Pratiwi Dona Dinda
Published: November 2020

 
The Kurikulum 2013 –Indonesia's novel Curriculum invented in 2013– is implemented through activity-based learning using a scientific approach. Curriculum changes do not only occur in the dimensions of the plan/document, but in its implementation in the quality of the process which has an impact on learning outcomes. This research aims to determine the implementation of the Kurikulum 2013 scientific approach and its impact on the quality of the learning processes and outcomes at MAN in Lampung Province. The research uses a mixed methods with sequential mixed methods design. The respondents consisted of 26 teachers and 126 students. Data were collected by conducting interview, observation, documentation, and questionnaire. The validity was tested by Pearson’s validity and Cronbach Alpha reliability. The results showed that teachers can apply a scientific approach to the implementation of the Kurikulum 2013 well. It can be seen from the teacher’s ability to prepare lesson plans, though there are some teachers (working period of 21 to 30 years) who are constrained during the learning process, such as observing the learning and not being able in presenting the media. The scientific approach has a very good impact on the quality of the learning process and outcomes. It can be seen by the increase in student learning outcomes.
The Madrasa in Indonesia (Authority, Knowledge and Discourse Surrounding its Development)
Authors: Kurniawan Syamsul , Miftah Muhammad
Published: November 2020

 

The focus of this paper is the madrasa in Indonesia and its development which is examined from the perspective of Michel Foucault regarding their authority, knowledge and discourse. The madrasa’s performance, which is still relatively low and unable to compete with public schools or pesantrens (Islamic Boarding Schools), will be examined from this perspective. This paper departs from the study of literature with a historical-sociological approach. The sources of the data come from the literature related to the history and development of madrasas. From Foucoult's perspective, the performance of the madrasa--which in its development shows a decline trend and is of relatively low quality and less competitive compared with general schools or pesantrens-- is closely related to power, knowledge and discourse factors. My argument is supported by the evidence that there is no an established “blueprint” for the supervision and development of madrasas in Indonesia, in contrast to schools or pesantrens. Likewise, the problem of interplay of madrasa policies in the integration of the national education system has put the madrasa in the midst of domination of schools and pesantrens, especially in the midst of society since the appreciation and level of community participation in the madrasa are not very encouraging. In addition, there is an opinion among the public which perceives the madrasa as the second educational institution after schools or pesantrens. This opinion is, of course, supported by empirical data, such as research from Nur Hamzah (2017) and Sukino (2017) which examined the madrasas in West Kalimantan Province, and revealed the poor quality of some madrasas in this area, which in my opinion is the "top of the iceberg" of the madrasa, especially in the outermost, interior and underdeveloped areas of Indonesia.
Story Repetition in Qur’an as an Islamic Education Learning Strategy
Authors: Atabik Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Qur’an is the main source of Islamic Education or Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) teaching materials. In the Qur'an, there are various stories repetitions that are presented well. Repeating the story allegedly has a close relationship with Islamic education learning strategy. The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding that the repetition of stories in the Qur'an can be used as a learning strategy for Islamic religious material. This library research used qualitative data. The data is in the form of primary sources, such as ‘Psikologi Kisah dalam Al-Qur’an’ book The data that had been tested were then analyzed using the content analysis approach of repetition story as PAI learning strategy. The results showed that the concept of stories repetition in the Qur’an is very relevant to be used as PAI learning strategy. The results of the study showed that the story repetition concept in the Qur'an is very relevant to the Islamic education learning strategy. These stories become part of an effective and efficient learning strategy in equipping students with various Islamic studies. The repetition taught by Allah in the Qur'an and prophet in Hadith is one of learning principles. The principle of repetition in learning should be implemented in the Islamic education. So, all methods applied in learning must use repetition.
Fatal Cerebral Fat Embolism After Pelvic and Multiple Long Bone Fractures without Associated Lung Injury
Authors: Hadden William J. , Herritt Brent , Hoang Richard , Milroy Christopher , Hooper John , Wilkin Geoffrey
Published: November 2020

Case:

A 29-year-old motor vehicle collision passenger presented with fractures of the pelvic ring, bilateral femurs, and right tibia/fibula. All fractures were stabilized with external fixation and fixed definitively 48 hours later. Postoperatively, the patient suffered rapid clinical decline. Emergent head computed tomography (CT) demonstrated tonsillar herniation with loss of gray-white matter differentiation. Although respiratory status remained uncompromised throughout presentation, pathology revealed extensive cerebral fat embolism.

Conclusion:

Fat embolism can traverse the lungs without eliciting an inflammatory response, radiographic infiltrate, or impairing gas exchange. This may lead to a clinically silent, fatal cerebral fat embolism in an intubated, sedated patient.
Protección integral de la cuenca del río Otún, Risaralda, Colombia: una construcción jurídico-teórica
Authors: Ramírez-Sierra Salomé
Published: November 2020

Este artículo presenta la identificación de los criterios teóricos y conceptuales a tomar en cuenta para el desarrollo del proyecto de investigación «Protección integral de la cuenca del río Otún: realidad o utopía», cuyo propósito es realizar la identificación, el análisis y la proposición de políticas públicas para la protección integral de la cuenca del río Otún en el departamento de Risaralda, Colombia. Se determina el rumbo que toma en la actualidad el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano en materia de protección ambiental a partir de la revisión jurisprudencial. Con base en esto se proponen algunos puntos teóricos a partir de los cuales trabajar la construcción del proyecto de investigación, en concreto el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano, el pluralismo jurídico y los derechos bioculturales. Pues teniendo en cuenta el cambio de paradigma ocasionado por la declaratoria como sujeto de derechos a entidades ambientales, el análisis demuestra que es necesario revisar el estado de la protección ambiental en Colombia y los criterios a partir de los cuales deberá formularse una política pública que logre la protección integral del río Otún. Se identifica la Sentencia T-622/16 como aquella que ocasiona este cambio de paradigma, de manera que a partir de su análisis es posible afirmar que la protección ambiental en Colombia debe regirse a partir de los derechos bioculturales, los cuales consisten en el reconocimiento de las ontologías de las comunidades, lo que implica a su vez la participación de estas en la formulación de las políticas de protección ambiental.
Multidisciplinary Nutrition Management Based on Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocols in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Jiali , Zhang Xinyu , Ning Ning , Li Peifang , Zhang Yueer
Published: November 2020

Background Few studies reported the impact of nutrition management based on Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols in spinal surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the association of multidisciplinary nutrition management in percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) with patients’ subjective feelings and postoperative recovery.Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from August to November in 2017. A total of 101 patients undergoing PEID were randomized into two groups: a control group (50 patients experiencing traditional nutrition management) and an intervention group (51 patients experiencing multidisciplinary nutrition management). Fasting time, subjective feelings, satisfaction and postoperative recovery were evaluated in all patients.Results In all, 96 patients completed the study: 48 in each group. Our findings revealed that patients in intervention group had weaker preoperative hunger (p＝0.036), preoperative thirst (p＜0.001) and postoperative thirst (p＝0.006), higher satisfaction about nutrition management (p＝0.001), shorter pre and post-operative fasting liquids and solids time, and shorter first passage of flatus (p＝0.005) than those of patients in control group.Conclusion Multidisciplinary nutrition management can promote patients’ subjective feelings and postoperative gastric recovery.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR-IOQ-17011742, June/22/2017.
Evaluation of PRKAA2 Genetic Variation on Metformin Efficacy as an Initial Therapy Among Drug-Naïve Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Virginia Dita , Wahyuningsih Mae , Nugrahaningsih Dwi
Published: November 2020

Background: Metformin is the most popular oral antidiabetic agent, which is recommended as initial monotherapy. AMPK is the pivotal target of metformin molecular mechanisms. AMPK subunit a2 (encoded by PRKAA2) is a gene contributable to increase type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. This study aimed to evaluate PRKAA2 rs2796498, rs2746342, and rs980799 genetic variations on metformin efficacy.Methods: This study enrolled 191 newly diagnosed Indonesia T2DM patients in primary health care. Patients who received metformin as monotherapy for at least 3 months were included for genotyping. Genotyping was performed using the Taqman assay.Results: Baseline characteristics showed that BMI was higher among AA than GG+AG (p=0.04). Patients with TT genotype showed a higher FBG and HbA1c than GG+GT (p=0.02 and p=0.02, respectively). There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between responders and non-responders group in PRKAA2 rs2796498, rs9803799, and rs2746342. However, among PRKAA2 rs2796498, AG carrier had 0.32 times of responding in metformin efficacy after adjusting BMI, WC, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and eGFR. Dominant model of rs2796498 showed a significant association (OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.13 – 0.90) to metformin efficacy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PRKAA2 rs2796498 genetic variation may affect metformin efficacy, especially AG carrier, in drug-naïve T2DM patients.
Metabolic Response of Larix Olgensis A. Henry to Polyethylene Glycol-simulated Drought Stress
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yan ShanShan , Zhang Sufang , Yan Pingyu , Wang Junhui , Zhang Hanguo
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDrought stress in trees limits their growth, survival, and productivity, and it negatively affects the afforestation survival rate. Molecular responses to drought stress have been extensively studied in broad-leaved species, but studies on coniferous species are limited.ResultsOur study focused on the molecular responses to drought stress in a coniferous species, Larix olgensis A. Henry. Drought stress was simulated in one-year-old seedlings using 25% polyethylene glycol 6000. The drought stress response in these seedlings was assessed by analyzing select biochemical parameters, along with gene expression and metabolite profiles. The soluble protein content, peroxidase activity, and malondialdehyde content of L. olgensis were significantly changed during drought stress. Quantitative gene expression analysis identified a total of 8172 differentially expressed genes in seedlings processed after 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h of drought stress treatment. Compared with the gene expression profile of the untreated control, the number of up-regulated genes was higher than that of down-regulated genes, indicating that L. olgensis mainly responded to drought stress through positive regulation. Metabolite analysis of the control and stress-treated samples showed that under drought stress, the increased abundance of linoleic acid was the highest among up-regulated metabolites, which also included some saccharides. A combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that genes dominating the differential expression profile were involved in glutathione metabolism, galactose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Moreover, the relative abundance of specific metabolites of these pathways was also altered. Thus, our results indicated that L. olgensis prevented free radical-induced damage through glutathione metabolism and responded to drought through sugar accumulation.ConclusionsThe soluble protein content, peroxidase activity, and malondialdehyde content of L. olgensis were significantly changed during drought stress. A total of 8172 differentially expressed genes in seedlings processed after drought stress treatment. A combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that genes dominating the differential expression profile were involved in glutathione metabolism, galactose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Our results indicated that L. olgensis prevented free radical-induced damage through glutathione metabolism and responded to drought through sugar accumulation.
Alpha Oscillatory Activity Associated with Impaired Visual Search in Cerebral Visual Impairment
Authors: Bennett Christopher , Bauer Corinna , Bex Peter , Bottari Davide , MERABET LOTFI
Published: November 2020

Cerebral (cortical) visual impairment (CVI) is associated with perinatal damage to retrochiasmatic pathways and cerebral structures. Individuals with CVI often present with impairments in visual spatial processing and attention. However, the neural correlates associated with these higher order perceptual deficits remain unknown. In this study, we investigated visual search performance using a novel virtual reality based task combined with electroencephalography (EEG) and time frequency decomposition of recorded oscillatory activity. We found that CVI participants showed impaired visual search performance (indexed by both decreased success rates and increased reaction times) compared to age matched controls. Furthermore, analysis of captured EEG activity revealed that posterior alpha desynchronization (typically associated with coordinating neural activity in perceptual and cognitive tasks) was greatly impaired in CVI compared to control participants. Finally, exploratory analysis suggested a potential association between amplitude of oscillations in the alpha range and morphometric anatomical measures. Specifically, less alpha desynchronization following stimulus onset was correlated with decreased volume of specific thalamic nuclei. These results suggest that in the setting of early neurological damage to retrochiasmatic visual pathways, alpha desynchronization remains greatly impaired and may be related to deficits in visual spatial processing and attention commonly observed in this population.
Predicting Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia with Machine Learning
Authors: Giang Christine , Calvert Jacob , Barnes Gina , Siefkas Anna , Green-Saxena Abigail , Hoffman Jana , Mao Qingqing , Das Ritankar
Published: November 2020

Objective Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common and fatal nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs). Existing methods for identifying VAP display low accuracy, and their use may delay antimicrobial therapy. ​VAP diagnostics derived from machine learning methods that utilize electronic health record data have not yet been explored. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of a variety of machine learning models trained to predict whether VAP will be diagnosed during the patient stay.Methods A retrospective study examined data from 6,129 adult ICU encounters lasting at least 48 hours following the initiation of mechanical ventilation. The gold standard was the presence of a diagnostic code for VAP. Five different machine learning models were trained to predict VAP 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Model performance was evaluated with regard to area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) on a 10% hold-out test set. Feature importance was measured in terms of Shapley values.Results The highest performing model achieved an AUROC value of 0.827. The most important features for the best-performing model were the length of time on mechanical ventilation, presence of antibiotics, sputum test frequency, and most recent Glasgow Coma Scale assessment.Discussion Supervised machine learning using patient electronic health record data is promising for VAP diagnosis and warrants further validation. Conclusion This tool has the potential to aid the timely diagnosis of VAP.
Improved Confidence Intervals for Fixed Term Survival Probabilities in a Small Two-Arm Trial
Authors: Qian Chen , Pan Jianmin , McClain Craig , Rai Shesh
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe confidence interval for survival probability at a fixed time point provides valuable information on how the subject performs in terms of survival rate. However, in a two-arm trial when the sample size in each group is small or when the distribution of events that occurred within the group is skewed, the confidence interval might become very unstable, and thus may not provide accurate information for estimating survival rate. In addition, when there are other covariates available in the dataset, it is important to select those significant variables and include them in the model. On the other hand, researchers such as physicians who pay more attention to the final result often analyze the treatment group and control group separately, which may lead to inaccurate prediction. MethodsIn this study, two treatment groups are combined, and the group indicator variable is considered as a covariate and is included in the model for computation. Yuan and Rai’s adjusted effective sample size methods are further extended along with Cox proportional hazard model, Weibull model, and log-logistic model to compute predicted fixed-term overall survival probabilities and corresponding confidence intervals with other covariates adjusted. Simulations are conducted to obtain coverage probability. ResultsIn a single model, Wilson-Peto provides better confidence intervals than Kaplan-Meier, especially in the middle and later stages. In addition, AC-Peto produces better coverage probability at all time points. In a multivariate model, the log-logistic method provides both better confidence intervals and coverage probability than Cox regression model at all stages.ConclusionsThis paper provides a guideline on how one should correctly analyze survival data with the most appropriate method. Depending on the dataset, it is important to consider methods other than traditional Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models when evaluating survival outcomes.
The Heterogeneity of Reversion to Normoglycemia According to Prediabetes Type is not Explained by Lifestyle Factors.
Authors: Giráldez-García Carolina , Soriano Lucia Cea , Albadalejo Romana , Franch-Nadal Josep , Mata-Cases Manel , Díez-Espino Javier , Artola Sara , Serrano Rosario , Regidor Enrique
Published: November 2020

Background: Healthy lifestyle interventions and drug therapies are proven to have a positive preventative influence on normal glucose regulation in prediabetes. However, little is known on the specific role that these factors play on reversion to normal glycemia according to type of prediabetesMethods: We used data from the Observational prospective cohort study. The Cohort study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes from 2012-2015. A total of 1184 individuals aged 30 to 74 years old were included and classified based on the ADA in three mutually exclusive groups using either fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (from 100-125 mg/dl, FPG group), HbA1c (5.7%–6.4%, HbA1c group) or both impaired parameters group. Information on lifestyle factors and biochemical parameters were collected at baseline Reversion to normal glucose regulation was calculated at third year of follow-up. Relationship of lifestyle factor and type of prediabetes with reversion were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusting by different groups of confounders.Results: Proportion of reversion rates were 31% for FPG group, 31% for HbA1c group and 7.9% for both altered parameters group, respectively. Optimal life style factors such as BMI<25 kg/m2[OR (95% CI): 1.90 (1.20-3.01)], high adherence to Mediterranean diet 1.78 (1.21-2.63) and absence of abdominal obesity 1.70 (1.19-2.43) were the strongest predictors for reversion to normal glucose. However, those did not modify the ORs of reversion to normal glucose. Taking as reference those with both impaired parameters, subjects with FPG impairment (FP group) had an OR of 4.87 (3.10-7.65) and 3.72 (2.39-5.78) for HbA1c group. These estimates remained almost the same after further adjustment for biochemical parameters and lifestyle factors (4.55(2.84-7.28) and 3.09 (1.92- 4.97), respectively).Conclusions: Optimal lifestyle factors showed to be a positive predictor for reversion to normal glucose regulation however, the differences of reversion risk according type of prediabetes are not explained by lifestyle factors.
FoxO1, a Potential Therapeutic Target, Regulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Pyroptosis in LPS-Induced Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Huizhi , Ma Zhi , Gao Fanshu , Jiang Wei , Li Yang , Li Shuping
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer. Studies have demonstrated that transcription factors forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) have been reported to play important roles in various cancers. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of FoxO1 gene on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and intracellular pyroptosis in the development and progression of human cervical cancer cells (SiHa).Methods: In this study, FoxO1 expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. SiHa cells migration and proliferation was detected using the transwell assay and 3H‑TdR assay. Mitochondrial function was assessed based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Results: Our study demonstrated that LPS inhibited FoxO1 gene expression, and the silence of FoxO1 gene caused the accumulation of ROS, decreases in the ΔΨm and mitochondrial morphology change). However, either overexpression of FoxO1 or metformin could reverse the LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cell pyroptosis, migration and proliferation.Conclusions: Our study indicated that FoxO1 as a potential therapeutic target to cure against LPS-induced human cervical cancer in a mitochondria-dependent manner.
Demand for Family Planning Satisfied With Modern Methods in Urban Malawi: CHAID Analysis to Identify Predictors and Women Underserved With Family Planning Services
Authors: Alhassan Nurudeen , Madise Nyovani Janet
Published: November 2020

BackgroundFamily planning progress under the SDGs is measured with a novel indicator, demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods (mDFPS), which provides a better indication of modern contraceptive coverage than unmet need and contraceptive prevalence rate. Yet, few studies have examined the predictors of mDFPS and the sub-groups of women with unsatisfied mDFPS in urban Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to examine the predictors of mDFPS in urban Malawi and to identify the sub-groups of urban women underserved with modern contraceptives.MethodsThe study analysed data from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health survey. The sample comprised of 2,917 women in urban Malawi who had a demand for family planning services. We used a Chi-square (χ2) Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) model to address the study objectives.ResultsThe results show that the number of children a woman had was the most significant predictor of mDFPS. Women with one or more children, who were of Chewa, Lomwe or Tumbuka ethnic origin, and who resided in the central region had the highest mDFPS (87%). On the other hand, women with no children, and who were not exposed to FP information on television had the lowest mDFPS (41%). Among women in union, ethnicity was the best predictor of mDFPS. Ngoni, Yao and other ethnic minority women in union who were aged 15-19 and 40 years and above, and who were Catholic, SDA/Baptist or Muslim had the lowest mDFPS (36%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates significant intra-urban disparities in demand for FP satisfied with modern contraceptives in Malawi. There is the need for policy makers and reproductive health practitioners to recognise these disparities and to prioritise the underserved groups identified in this study.
The Relationship Between Long-term, Low-dose Macrolide Therapy and Acute Exacerbation in Idiopathic Bronchiectasis Classified by High-resolution Computed Tomography
Authors: SAITO ZENYA , Yoshida Masahiro , Nishioka Saiko , Tamura Kentaro , Tamura Nobumasa , Kuwano Kazuyoshi
Published: November 2020

Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and long-term, low-dose macrolide therapy has been established as a diagnostic method and treatment for bronchiectasis. HRCT correlates with clinical symptoms, respiratory function and quality of life in bronchiectasis. However, whether it will lead to reduction of macrolide therapy effects is unknown. We investigated the relationship between the efficacy of macrolide therapy and severity assessment performed by HRCT in idiopathic bronchiectasis.Methods: Ninety-nine patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis were selected. Acute exacerbation (AE) incidence was set as a comparison factor for the treatment effect. First, patients were divided into the severe and non-severe group based on HRCT. The severe group was defined to have abnormal findings in three or more lobes and in both lungs and the non-severe group as having two or fewer lobes or one side of the lung. Next, each group was divided into subgroups with and without macrolide therapy. Finally, the relationship between macrolide therapy and the AE incidence in each subgroup was compared.Results: Among the 99 idiopathic patients, 50 and 49 were included in the non-severe and severe groups, respectively. In the non-severe group, the subgroup with macrolide therapy had significantly less AE than the subgroup without macrolide (odds ratio [OR] = 0.10, P < 0.036). No significant difference was found in the severe group (OR = 0.70, P = 0.57).Conclusions: HRCT may be useful in predicting the effect of long-term, low-dose macrolide therapy for idiopathic bronchiectasis.
Inter-day Test-retest Reproducibility of the CAT, CCQ, HADS and EQ-5D in Patients With Severe and Very Severe COPD 
Authors: Hansen Henrik , Beyer Nina , Frølich Anne , Godtfredsen Nina , Bieler Theresa
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn patients with COPD the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) are widely used patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of respiratory symptoms, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Despite established responsiveness and minimal important change (MIC), reproducibility and especially important agreement parameters remain unreported in these frequently used PROMs. The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-day test-retest reliability and agreement of the CAT, CCQ, HADS and EQ-5D in patients with severe and very severe COPD (FEV1 <50%) eligible for hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation.Patients and MethodsFifty patients (22 females, mean [SD] age 67 [9] yrs.; FEV1 32[9] %; 6-minute walk distance 347 [102] meters; CAT 21 [6] points; BMI: 26 [6] kg/m2) completed the questionnaires (CAT, CCQ, HADS, EQ-5D) in combination with functional performance test instructed by one assessor on test-day one (T1) and by another assessor 7-10 days later on test-day two (T2).ResultsThe inter-day test-retest reliability ICC was 0.88 (LL95CI: 0.80) for CAT; 0.69 (LL95CI: 0.46) for CCQ; 0.86 (LL95CI: 0.75) and 0.90 (LL95CI: 0.82) for HADS-anxiety (A) and depression (D) and 0.87 (LL95CI: 0.76) for EQ-5D-VAS. The corresponding agreements within a single measurement (standard error of measurement, SEM) and for repeated measurement errors (smallest real difference, SRD) were respectively 2.1 and 2.9 points for CAT; 0.5 and 0.7 points for CCQ total; 1.3 and 1.9 points for HADS-A; 0.9 and 1.3 points for HADS-D) and 6.8 and 9.7 VAS-score for EQ-5D respectively. Ceiling/flooring effect was present in <5% for all questionnaires. ConclusionIn patients with severe and very severe COPD the CAT, CCQ, HADS and EQ-5D questionnaires presented moderate to excellent inter-day test-retest reliability and acceptable agreement e.g. SEM and SRD below the established MIC on group level except for the CCQ questionnaire. No floor or ceiling effect of relevance was documented for the questionnaires.