bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotany of spice plants in Tanjung Botung Village, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey R , Lubis A S J , Susilowati A , Rangkuti A B , Onrizal O
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is one of the largest spice-producing countries in the world. Forests in Indonesia have biodiversity that holds the potential for spices which must always be protected. Community gardens in Tanjung Botung Village in various land-use patterns such as agroforestry gardens, people’s yards are a place to grow various types of spices, both grown wild and deliberat1ely cultivated. This study aims to determine the species of spices and their uses in Tanjung Botung Village, Barumun District, North Sumatra. The research method was carried out by in-depth interviews with 20 respondents of local communities. The respondents were chosen by snowball sampling method. There are 33 species of spice plants used by the community, consisting of 13 (39.4%) tree species and 20 (60.6%) herbs. Part of plant used, namely 18 species of fruit (54%), six species of leaves (18%), three species of rhizome (9%), two species of bark (6%), two species of tubers (6%) and stem of a species (1%).
Addition of tape yeast and tempe mould in optimization of traditional coconut oils production
Authors: Yunita D , Erfiza N M , Oktarina H , Nurliana N , Alfiati D K , Heryani I
Published: December 2021

Pliek u is fermented, grated, and dried coconut meat which is used as a cooking ingredient in Aceh, Indonesia. This ingredient is a by-product of the manufacturing process of traditional coconut oils which are known as simplah and pliek u oils. These three products are produced by natural fermentation (without the addition of starter cultures) and the whole process takes up to 20 days. Therefore, this study aims to test methods for speeding up production time and for increasing the yield by adding commercial starter cultures (tape yeast, tempe mould, and combination of both types). The coconut was fermented for one to three days. A control was conducted for fermented coconut without adding any starters. This experiment was conducted using group randomised design with three replicates. The results show that the addition of commercial starters decreased the production time up to nine days. The application of a single starter shortened fermentation time to two days while the combination of the starters required three days. In terms of the yield, the use of tape yeast either on its own or in combination starters increased the yield of simplah oil more than 100%. The addition of tempe mould either on its own or in combination starters increased the yield of pliek u oil up to 60%. Conversely, the yield of pliek u was maximised without adding any starters. These findings suggested that tape yeast and tempe mould should not be added at the same time to maximize the production of both oils.
Sensory criteria assessment of fruit from Averrhoa bilimbi L. with comparison of Eckenrode and Fuzzy Eckenrode method
Authors: Agustina R , Hartuti S
Published: December 2021

The fruit candy made of processed products made from the natural fruit of Averhoa bilimbi L. whose production was abundant, recently a few to utilization. The main objective of this study was to examine the assessment of sensory criteria fruit candy from A. bilimbi with comparison of eckenrode and fuzzy eckenrode method. The results showed fruit candy contains a higher value of colour (0.239), wherein the aroma (0.169), taste (0.183), texture (0.211), and the overall acceptance (0.197) using the eckenrode method. On the other hand, based on the fuzzy eckenrode method were shown the value of colour (0.224), taste (0.187), aroma (183), texture (0.2110 and overall acceptance (0.195). Although the comparison from eckenrode and fuzzy eckenrode method appear quite stable for criterias of sensory. Finding the optimum value for an aroma in the perception of colour from fruit candy higher to eckenrode than fuzzy method. The eckenrode method provided a dynamic space in a high-level decision-making system to differ significantly. Therefore, the eckenrode method was a quite simple method to establish decisions for weighting a more definite critera in decision making in sensory assessment to develop a natural product from A. bilimbi.
Effect of drying methods on quality of dried white tumeric (Curcuma amada)
Authors: Pravitajaty R , Karyadi J N W , Teleumbauna A S , Ma’rufah K , Kusumastuti A N I , Ayuni D
Published: December 2021

White turmeric (Curcuma amada) is a traditional medicine that contains phenolic as an antioxidant—usually processed into drinks or capsules. Currently, the drying method used is sunlight can reduce the quality of white turmeric. The study’s objectives were to investigate the most optimal drying method based on physical and chemical quality and drying rate. There were seven drying methods employed: sun-drying (SD), cabinet drying with the heating temperature of 50 °C, 60°C, and 70°C (namely CD50, CD60, and CD70, respectively), freeze-drying with the final heating temperature of 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C (namely FD30, FD40, and FD50, respectively). Quality parameters measured were moisture content, color, volume, particle density, morphological visualization, and total phenolic compound. The results showed that the drying method affected the observed parameters. The freeze-drying with a heating temperature of 30°C was the most optimal drying method, with moisture content reduced from 91.41% to 7.56%. After the drying process, the color changed value was 19.18, with a volume shrinkage of 69.37% and particle density of 0.41 g/cm3. The total phenolic compound of freeze-dried white Tumeric was 8.427 mgGAE gsolid
−1.
Environmental assessment of soil quality indices using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Devianti D , Sufardi  , Syafriandi S , Munawar A A
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of this preset study is to assess soil quality indices in form of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) contents using a non-invasive and environmental friendly approach namely near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Soil samples were obtained from Aceh Besar district in rice field land-use. Near infrared spectral data of soil samples were acquired and recorded as absorbance in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. On the other hand, actual P and K were measured using standard laboratory procedures by means of Kjeldahl methods. Spectral data were corrected and pre-treated using mean centering approach and applied to all dataset. Prediction models were developed using principal component regression and validated using leverage cross validation. The results showed that both soil quality indices can be predicted with maximum correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 3.47 for P, and r of 0.91, RPD of 2.68 for K respectively. It may conclude that environmental assessment, particularly for soil quality determination can be conducted rapidly and non-invasively using near infrared spectroscopy approach.
Internet-based temperature monitoring system for hydroponic
Authors: Uddin N , Hermawan H , Darajat T M , Marwanto S
Published: December 2021

This study presents a monitoring system to provide real-time measurement data of hydroponic that is accessible from anywhere through internet. Temperatures of nutrient solution and ambient air are of concern in the monitoring system. The system is developed through the following steps: design, implementation, and experimental test. The system is built by applying a NodeMCU ESP-12 as the microcontroller and two temperature sensors DS18B20 The NodeMCU ESP-12 is to collect measurement data of both temperature sensors and send the data to a cloud server through a WiFi internet communication. The Google Sheets is applied as the cloud server to store the measurement data and provide the data to users. Using the Google Sheets, the data is presented in a table as in the Microsoft Excel which is very convenience for processing and analyzing the data. Experimental test results show that the system is able to provide real-time and reliable data of the hydroponics temperatures that can be accessed from anywhere through the internet. The monitoring system has a delay about 3 to 6 seconds in presenting the measurement data. This delay is quite small compare to the temperature change period and therefore is negligible. Moreover, the monitoring system is built at cost USD 6.0 which is quite cheap.
Extraction yield, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Mimusops elengi L. fruit
Authors: Zaidiyah Z , Ghifari M G A , Abubakar Y
Published: December 2021

Mimusops elengi L. fruit or known as Bakul fruit is believed to have a lot of benefit due to its flavonoid group compound that can have antioxidant effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and ratio between material and solvent in the extraction process on the antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds in Mimusops elengi L. fruit extract. This research used factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors : extraction temperature (45¼C, 60¼C, and 75¼C) and ratio of the material and solvent (1:4, 1:6, and 1:8) with 3 replications. The extraction yield, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Mimusops elengi L. fruit extract were examined. Furthermore, the application of extraction temperature in 75¼C with ratio 1:8 material to solvent (w/v) has the highest extraction yield, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity compared to others treatments.
Cropping pattern and schedule using K-Factor for optimizing irrigation networks operation in Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Syahrul  , Yasar M , Safira R
Published: December 2021

Determining the cropping pattern and schedule according to the availability and requirement of irrigation water is important in an irrigation command area. Supplying irrigation water in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area is still less effective in the dry season, so it is necessary to review the existing cropping pattern and schedule in the irrigation area by considering the K factor. To achieve optimal irrigation networks operation, simulation of cropping patterns and schedules based on the K factor was conducted. Optimal cropping patterns and schedules were determined by the highest frequency of the half-month K factor greater than 0.75. The best cropping pattern and schedule for Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area was rice-rice-soybean cropping pattern with first planting season started in mid-July, second planting season in mid-November and third planting season in mid-March. The results achieved the best frequency of K factor > 0.75 as many as 15 times, K factor in the range of 0.50 - 0.75 as many as 3 times, and K factor < 0.25 as many as 4 times. The application of the selected cropping pattern and schedule was done by allocating water into three groups in case of the K factor < 0.75, namely Group I (Menara and Krueng Aceh Extension secondary canal), Group II (Krueng Jreu Kiri secondary canal) and Group III (Kayee, Lamkrah, and Inong secondary canal).
Erosion and sedimentation analysis due to land use changes in the Krueng Pase watershed
Authors: Muntazar  , Joni  , Ramli I
Published: December 2021

Human interactions with watershed can have positive and negative impact. The positive impact can improve socio-economic conditions. However, the negative impact is the degradation of the watershed function. For example, it’s continued increase in erosion rate on the land. The purpose of this study is to analyze erosion and sedimentation due to land use changes using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) methods. Data collecting to determine erosion and sedimentation values are rainfall, soil erodibility and soil moisture, land use, and river water samples. The biggest decreased land use changes occurred in forest by 5.87%, followed by agriculture which decreased by 0.65% and water body 0.047%. On the other hand, built-up area increased by 0.65% and land used for agriculture increased by 6.15%. Furthermore, the level of erosion hazard in the Krueng Pase watershed from 2009 to 2019 increased in area, the mild level of erosion hazard increased by 7.9% and the moderate level erosion hazard by 27.4%. The amount of sedimentation obtained using the MUSLE method in 2019 was 6,869,98 tons and in 2009 was 41,692,97 tons. Erosion valuein 2019 is relatively small compared to other years. It’s really depends on the rainfall and the discharge that occurs. Therefore, a good land management system, proper and appropriate technology used, eco-hydrology concept and the monitoring of land use change regularly are needed, so damage that impact the Krueng Pase watershed can be prevented and minimize.
The habitat characteristics of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in the forest of Serbajadi sub-district Aceh Province
Authors: Abdullah  , Supriadi  , Syafrianti D , Khairil  , Daud A M , Zulfikar
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the habitat characteristics of the Sumatran Elephant in the Serbajadi District Forest. Data collection by looking at the use of habitat which is characterized by the distribution of faeces found in various habitat units in the home range of the Sumatran Elephant. The method used is observation with a track with a size of 3,600 m which is divided into 20 observation plots with a distance between plots of 100 m. The data obtained in the field were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results of this study indicate that the Habitat Characteristics of the Sumatran Elephant in the Serbajadi District Forest chose habitat units with very dense canopy cover (>75%), moderate feed availability (26-50%), rare mineral source trees availability (< 3 trees/plot). availability of sparse scrubbing trees (<3 trees/plot), close to primary forest (0-500 m), low land elevation (0- 400 masl), gentle slope (0-20°), close to water sources (0-250m). Secondary forest/vegetation type and frequency of habitat use based on the findings of faeces that the Sumatran elephant most frequently visited was secondary forest than primary forest because the secondary forest was for feeding activities while the primary forest was used for resting and reproduction.
Analysis of habitat suitability of birds family Accipitridae in the forest park of Pocut Meurah Intan
Authors: Gagarin Y , Abdullah A , Khairil K , Djufri D , Supriatno S
Published: December 2021

Birds are often used as indicators to describe the state of biodiversity, which means areas that are important for birds are also important for other flora and fauna. In addition, the distribution area of birds is well known, so that important regional livelihoods using birds as indicators can be carried out quickly and comprehensively. This research was conducted in February 2021, aiming to observe the habitat conditions of the Accipitridae family birds in Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan, Aceh Province. The method used in this research is an exploratory survey method. Data collection in the field by placing 15 observation points and 3 line transects is combined using the “look down method” and “upward observation”. Data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) method. The results obtained that the area of suitable habitat (suitable) with good categories for bird species of the family Accipitridae of 4306, 106 ha or 69.23% and the medium category, which is available for food and accessible, but there is no reproductive location and has a high level of disturbance. of 1727, 294 ha (27.77 %). Birds of the Accipitridae family can carry out activities and find prey in three different forest types, namely primary, secondary and open forests.
Developing a groundwater conservation area using analytical hierarchy process in Randublatung groundwater basin
Authors: Hartono A , Hendrayana H , Akmaluddin
Published: December 2021

Randublatung Groundwater Basin is a cross-regional Groundwater Basin located in Central Java with an area of 203 Km2. The increase of population in this area led to the increasing need for groundwater not only for freshwater sources and consumption but also for agriculture and industrial needs. The rise of uncontrolled groundwater usage can result in pollution and degradation in the quality and quantity of groundwater. There need to be conservation efforts to maintain the sustainability of groundwater utilization. This study aims to determine conservation zones and management priorities in the Randublatung groundwater basin area. Conservation zones are determined based on the value of their parameters: (a) availability and potential of groundwater, (b) groundwater depletion, (c) changes in groundwater quality, (d) land use, (e) aquifer characteristics, (f) prioritization of groundwater protection areas, and (g) water use. Those parameters are weighed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and then overlaid corresponding to the weight of the parameter to acquire the matrix of conservation zones. The results indicate the type of lithology in the research area was an alluvial deposit—the development of the data processing presented in the form of a map of groundwater. There are four types of conservation zones in a confined aquifer, i.e., secured, vulnerable, and critical.
Prediction of water content and soluble solids content of ‘manalagi’ apples using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kusumiyati K , Hadiwijaya Y , Suhandy D , Munawar A A
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research was to predict quality attributes of ‘manalagi’ apples using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The desired quality attributes were water content and soluble solids content. Spectra data collection was performed at wavelength of 702 to 1065 nm using a Nirvana AG410 spectrometer. The original spectra were enhanced using orthogonal signal correction (OSC). The regression approaches used in the study were partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR). The results showed that water content prediction acquired coefficient of determination in calibration set (R2cal) of 0.81, coefficient of determination in prediction set (R2pred) of 0.61, root mean squares error of calibration set (RMSEC) of 0.009, root mean squares of prediction set (RMSEP) of 0.020, and ratio performance to deviation (RPD) of 1.62, while soluble solids content prediction displayed R2cal, R2pred, RMSEC, RMSEP, and RPD of 0.79, 0.85, 0.474, 0.420, and 2.69, respectively. These findings indicated that near infrared spectroscopy could be used as an alternative technique to predict water content and soluble solids content of ‘manalagi’ apples.
Response of in vitro propagated fig (Ficus carica L.) shoots to the concentrations of benzyl amino purine and coconut water
Authors: Sophia  , Hayati M , Kesumawati E
Published: December 2021

In this study, several concentrations of benzyl amino purine (BAP) and coconut water (CW) were investigated along with the interaction between two factors to the growth of in vitro propagated fig shoots. The investigated factors consisted of BAP concentration: 0, 1, 3, 5 mg L−1 and coconut water concentration: 0, 100, 200, 300 ml L−1. A total of 16 treatment combinations with 6 replications resulting in 96 experimental units consisting of a single fig shoot explant per culture medium. The observed parameters including living explant rate, contamination rate, browning rate, day of first shoot emergence, shoot formation rate, explant height addition, number of leaves, callus formation rate, and number of roots were conducted every week from 1 to 8 weeks after proliferation (WAP). The result indicated that in 8 WAP, the living explant rate reached 23.95%. The combination of concentration 200 ml L−1 CW and 3 mg L−1 BAP + 200 ml L−1 CW-induced early emergence of new shoots at 7 days after proliferation (DAP). The highest shoot formation rate (100%) was observed at a concentration of 300 mL L−1CW. The highest explant height addition (7.10 cm) was observed at a concentration of 200 mL L−1 CW. The highest number of leaves (5.80) was observed at a concentration of 1 mg L−1 BAP + 200 mL L−1 CW. The highest callus formation rate (50%) was observed at a concentration of 100 ml L−1CW and 300 ml L−1 CW. The highest number of roots (17) was observed in the control.
Study on the separation of phospholipids from crude palm oil using a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Razi F , Yulia M , Erfiza N M , Asnawi A
Published: December 2021

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) extracted from the palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) should be refined to meet the specified quality for edible oils. One of the components that are removed in the CPO refining process is a phospholipid. Phospholipids are undesirable because they form mucus (gum) in CPO and enhance the emulsion formation during oil processing. As one of the emerging separation processes, membrane technology could be proposed on phospholipid removal in CPO. The research objectives are to synthesize polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and evaluate its performance on phospholipids removal in CPO. Besides, the effects of temperature and pressure on UF-PES membrane performance in phospholipid removal were also studied. The UF-PES membrane was prepared by phase inversion method with the composition of PES polymer of 17.5%; Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) polymer as much as 2.5% as pore-forming agent; and 80% (w/w) of N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. Two types of the UF-PES membrane have been synthesized, namely M1 and M2 membranes. Furthermore, the M1 membrane was selected for the filtration process due to its high resistance to pressures up to 3 bar. The result indicated that the pressure (T) and temperature (S) significantly affected phospholipid removal. The lowest phospholipid removal was obtained in the S2T2 treatment, about 78%. Moreover, the S3T1 and S3T2 treatments gave a stable permeation flux in comparison to the others treatment.
Comparisons among measurement approaches to determine blood loss with different environmental sanitary effects
Authors: Sulastri  , Siregar T N , Adlim M , Hasanuddin
Published: December 2021

Labour and delivery are hazardous processes for bleeding. It will have complications, and even death for maternal because of overdue recognition and identification of the early signs of bleeding. Postpartum hemorrhage is still a problem and a major cause of maternal death. The definition, bleeding threshold, and method of assessing blood loss are still being debated today. This literature review aimed to determine the methods that had been used in measuring the amount of blood loss and risk to the mother. The review used Science Direct and Pubmed electronic online databases with related keyword searches. Measurement of blood loss was categorized into several methods, including visual estimation, direct measurement, gravimetry, and photometry. These methods were explained and then compared with various similar methods. Several studies indicated that measuring the amount of blood loss still often used conventional methods, even though this method was very improper and tends to underestimate blood loss. Several accurate and objective quantification methods had been introduced, but they were still very complicated, expensive, and time-consuming. Based on the review results, various types of blood loss measurement methods were displayed, but they were still not practical, accurate, and reliable. Researchers continue to carry out improvement research in finding methods so that postpartum hemorrhage can be prevented and treated.
Characterization of cellulose nanocrystalline isolated from banana peduncles using acid hydrolysis
Authors: Ratna  , Aprilia S , Arahman N , Munawar A A
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to characterize cellulose nanocrystalline (NCCs) from banana peduncles using acid hydrolysis. The NCCs isolation process was done by hydrolysis using H2SO4 with concentrations of 1M, 2M, and 3M at a microwave power of 100 Watts within 1 hour of hydrolysis. The product of NCCs was characterized in term of yield, chemical composition (by FTIR), and its crystallinity. The result showed that the highest yield of 88.33% was obtained in acid hydrolysis at the concentration of 1M H2SO4. The results of the FTIR test showed that non-cellulose content had been removed and demonstrated that the molecular structure of cellulose does not change even when treated at different acid concentrations. X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed that crystallinity decreased by increasing the sulfamic acid concentration. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the heat resistance analysis and showed that the NCCs is gradually decomposed at a temperature range of 268.3–415.25 ¼C. The colour of cellulose nanocrystalline powder darkens as the sulfuric acid concentration increases.
Inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme from Pelawan stem extract (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff)
Authors: Mahardika R G , Kusuma G P , Roanisca O , Henri
Published: December 2021

Diabetes mellitus continues to increase along with the increasing pattern of consuming ready-to-eat foods. The consequences of this habit will have a negative impact on the health of the body so that it can cause death. Treatment of diabetes mellitus is carried out in various ways, including administration of insulin and synthetic drug therapy. However, this medication has dangerous side effects. Therefore, research was carried out on Pelawan stems (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff) which have the potential to be associated with secondary metabolites and bioactivity as antidiabetic so that they can be considered as raw material for herbal medicines in the future. total phenolic content of the methanol fraction of T. merguensis stems is 176.37 mg GAE/g DW. The total flavonoid content of the methanol fraction of T. merguensis stems is 9.85 mg QE/g DW. The results of the antidiabetic test for the methanol fraction of T. merguensis stems obtained an IC50 of 5.31 μg/mL. When viewed from the qualitative results of phenolics and flavonoids that have been carried out, it is likely that the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme in this study is more influenced by polyphenolic compounds.
Farmer exchange rate category: A Prediction analysis using ANN back propagation
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Azis Z , Panggabean S , Dachi S W , Nurhayati  , Suwati  , Apriyanto M , Utami R R
Published: December 2021

The Farmer Exchange Rate (FER) is one of the indicators in determining the welfare level of farmers. Every month this large FER has a change especially at the end of each season during harvest, the price game especially from producers often occurs so that not a few farmers complain and suffer losses. Therefore, there need to be efforts from the government is looking at past data trends to find the amount of FER in the future so that policies can side with farmers. Artificial Intelligent with a multilayer Back Propagation method is very good for modeling and forecasting of data series in the past with data input in the form of a matrix mxn. The simulation results show that in 2020 in NTB there is an average increase in the exchange rate of farmers of 118.76%, this means that farmers are experiencing a surplus or farmers’ incomes are rising more than their expenditures. However, it appears that from June-August and October-November there was an average decrease of 2%, although overall there was increase of 2.076%. This result was obtained by the construction of a network architecture of two hidden layers where theMSE of 0.12, and MAPE of 0.23.
The effect of flood on slope stability along downstream riverbank of MuaraBangkahulu River, Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors: Mase L Z , Amri K , Frisky M , Anggraini P W , Fikri M N , Agustina S
Published: December 2021

The flood which occurred due to the rainfall intensity in Bengkulu City of Indonesia could inundate the downstream area of MuaraBangkahulu River, especially TanjungAgung Sub-District. In 2019, a huge flood had occurred in Bengkulu City and triggered the environmental effect to riverbank in TanjungAgung. This environmental effect is a massive slope failure on downstream riverbank in TanjungAgung. This study is therefore conducted to analyze the slope stability in the area during the normal and the critical conditions. A slope stability analysis using finite element method is performed. First, the maximum discharge of MuaraBangkahulu River is estimated. Furthermore, slope stability analyses are conducted by considering the normal condition and the increase of river water level due to the maximum discharge (the critical condition). Mapping of factor of safety for riverbank slope and soil deformation is conducted. The results showed that slope along downstream riverbank of MuaraBangkahulu could undergo slope failure under both normal and critical condition. The results also showed that the factor of safety decreases due to the increase of river water level. The results of this study could be used by local government to consider slope countermeasure in the study area
A floating photovoltaic system for fishery aeration
Authors: Pratama E G , Sunanda W , Gusa R F
Published: December 2021

Photovoltaic panel as a producer of renewable energy is increasingly being utilized. The electrical energy produced by photovoltaic panel can be used for aeration in fish ponds located quite isolated and far from the main electricity grid. Aeration is important for fishery because it affects the dissolved oxygen level in the water. The system uses two units of 50 Wp floating solar panels and four units of DC aerator of 12 Volt/0.28 A. The measurement of solar irradiance, solar panel temperature, output voltage and current was conducted to monitor floating solar panel performance. Dissolved oxygen level measured in the water without aeration was 3 - 3.9 mg/L while after using floating photovoltaic panels to supply the electrical energy for aerators, dissolved oxygen level in the water was increased to 4.1 - 4.8 mg/L.
Fabrication of supercapacitor electrode based on pepper peel activated carbon
Authors: Kurniawan W B , Kurniawan K , Ipi
Published: December 2021

Pepper peel waste is one of the byproducts of pepper production, especially in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. One of the efforts to utilize pepper peel, which is used as an activated carbon material that can be used as supercapacitor electrodes, has been carried out. Activated carbon based on pepper peel is synthesized by drying it to dry and then pre-carbonization. The next step is chemical activation using ZnCl2 and followed by physical activation at 700 °C in nitrogen flow conditions (N2) for 3 hours. Characterization of activated carbon material was carried out using SEM-EDX and BET, while the electrode performance used CV (Cyclic Voltamettry). The SEM-EDX and BET test results show that the activated carbon material has a porous structure with an average pore diameter of 2.059 nm. The CV test results were used to determine the energy storage capability with a specific capacitance value of 7.77 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s.
Isolation and Identification Cellulolytic Bacteria from Termite Gut Obtained from Indralaya Peatland area
Authors: Oktiarni D , Hermansyah  , Hasanudin  , Miksusanti  , Nofyan E , Kasmiarti G
Published: December 2021

The production of second-generation bioethanol as renewable energy has developed very rapidly and has become a promising alternative energy source. Bioethanol production using biomass can be obtained alternatively from cellulose in wood, sawdust, organic waste, and agricultural waste. This research used termites obtained from Indralaya peatland area as organisms that can decompose cellulose into glucose with the cellulase enzymes produced by bacteria in their digestive tract. Cellulases are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing lignocellulose into glucose. The study aimed to isolate and identify of cellulolytic bacteria from termite gut obtained from Indralaya peatland area. The bacterial isolates were classified by using morphological and biochemical standard methods, and identification based on Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Cellulolytic bacteria of termite gut were isolated and cultured on CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose) agar medium. The activity of cellulolytic bacterial was conducted based on halo area and cellulolytic index on CMC agar medium. Among 64 isolates of bacteria, 24 isolates were identified as cellulolytic bacteria. Futhermore, our isolates with higher cellulolytic index were identified as the Staphylococcus, Microbacterium, Bacillus, and Brevibacterium genus.
Heavy metal distribution in sediments around the offshore tin mining area of Central Bangka Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Irvani  , Adibrata S , Yusuf M , Hudatwi M , Pamungkas A
Published: December 2021

Vary heavy metals scattered in suspension loads and re-sedimentation from the tailing of the offshore-alluvial tin mining at Tanah Merah and its surroundings, Central Bangka Regency. Research is needed to determine the type, composition, spatial distribution of heavy metals, and potential pollution. The active surface-sediments were taken from shallow marine systematically around the offshore tin mining area in the east season. Geochemical analysis of sediment using x-ray fluorescence, coupled with minerals and sieve analysis, and support by spatial analysis. These sediments have dominant the sand-size (range very-fine sand to coarse sand) and silt, contained predominantly large quantities of quartz minerals and shell fragments of marine animals. The metals are in the following decreasing order: Cr>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu>As>Co>Cd. The spatial distribution of heavy metals generally has a relatively south, east, and north position, with concentrations occurring along the coastline and showing the degradation composition towards the open sea. The marine sediments are uncontaminated to moderately contaminated by Cd and Pb, indicate both natural and anthropogenic enrichment, low the pollution load index (PLI), and have various potential ecological risks index (RI) (low to very high RI).
Tradition lubuk larangan as a local wisdom for ecocultural tourism river management through landscape anthropolinguistic approach in Mandailingnese
Authors: Lubis T , Dardanila  , Nasution T , Zulkarnain  , Hasrul S , Ramlan  , Abus A F
Published: December 2021

Lubuk larangan is a pond that contains freshwater fishes in Kecamatan Tambangan, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, North Sumatera. The objective of this study was to describe eco cultural tourism river management at the core of the landscape anthropolinguistic approach. The method was qualitative, and an interactive model was implemented. The data were collected by doing an interview and participant observation. Then they were analyzed data reduction, data display, and verifying/conclusion with landscape anthropolinguistic as an approach. This approach was the new paradigm to describe and explain the analysis from a linguistic perspective in landscape study. The study results showed that Lubuk larangan was a natural resource for the villagers economically and contained social, cultural ecology, and religious value. It became a tradition and belonged to Mandailingnese as their local wisdom. It can be concluded that Lubuk larangan became a concept for them to understand and apply management for maintaining environmental usage patterns with cultural-based tourism space.
Dynamic stability improvement with integrated power plant scheduling method based on moment of inertia
Authors: Fitriani  , Gunadin I C , Suyuti A , Siswanto A
Published: December 2021

Dynamic stability is one of the important aspects of maintaining the stability of an electrical power system as a whole. Dynamic stability study is the ability of the electric power system to return to the equilibrium point after a relatively small disturbance suddenly occurs for a long time. In this paper, we offer a method of rescheduling the generator to improve system stability by looking at the critical clearing time (CCT). Changes in the CCT value are due to changes in the load on each bus. The modelling of the IEEE 14 bus system is carried out with the help of the Simulink Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) 2.1.10, which is integrated with the MATLAB R. 2016a program. The simulation results show that the CCT value decreases as the fault location gets closer to the main generator.
ARIMAX model for rainfall forecasting in Pangkalpinang, Indonesia
Authors: Amelia R , Dalimunthe D Y , Kustiawan E , Sulistiana I
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the weather and climate are unpredictable and the most visible is the rotation of the rainy season and the dry season. The extreme changes in rainfall can cause disasters and losses for the community. For that we need to predict the rainfall to anticipate the worst events. Rainfall is included in the periodic series data, so the forecasting method that can be used is the ARIMAX model which is ARIMA model expanded by adding the exogen variable. The aim of this research is to predict the rainfall data in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia. The best model for each rainfall is ARIMAX (0,1,3) for monthly rainfall data and ARIMAX (0,1,2) for maximum daily rainfall. This research shows that there is an influence maximum wind speed variable to monthly rainfall and maximum daily rainfall in the Pangkalpinang City. Nevertheless, when viewed from the ARIMA and ARIMAX models based on the obtained AIC value, the ARIMAX value is still better than ARIMA. However, the prediction value using ARIMAX needs to increase again to take into account seasonal data rainfall. Then, possible to add other exogeneous factors besides maximum wind speed.
Review of the distribution of granite using geomagnetic methods at Bukit Nunggal Air Mesu Village, Pangkalan Baru Sub-District, Bangka Tengah District
Authors: Verkoyan T B , Andini D E , Guskarnali
Published: December 2021

Exploration is activities happens before the mining activity. It has purposes to know, predict and obtain the dimension in quality and quantity from a reserve that has economic value. From surveying at bukit Nunggal, Mesu Village, Pangkalan Baru Sub-district, Bangka Tengah District showed that there are outcrops indicating the potential for becoming a reserve for granite. Measurement is conducted to know the resource estimation and it is done by an approach of geomagnetic method that is environment friendly. Geomagnetic is passive method to measure the magnetism level or susceptibility from the measuring point. The total of the line to know the dispersion pattern and the depth of the resource is 13 lines with the space between measurement is 10m. From the geomagnetic measurement obtained IGRF value is 42969, inclined degree 0.424 declined degree – 21.157, susceptibility value in between -54.2nT to 56.1 nT, and the granite susceptibility value is in between 21 nT to 50nT. The anomalies map showed that there is a resource potential, and the dispersion is from east to west. Viewed from the topography and the residential areas, mining activity is recommended to be done in the west area.
Synthesis of 3D-porous scaffold from cockle shells waste-based hydroxyapatite with addition silica from tin tailings
Authors: Afriani F , Evi. J , Rafsanjani R A , Amelia R , Hudatwi M , Tiandho Y
Published: December 2021

This study aims to synthesize a porous scaffold based on hydroxyapatite and silica using the polymer sponge replication method. In bone tissue engineering technology, the development of porous scaffolds is a topic that is intensively studied because it is expected to be a solution to various problems of conventional bone therapy. In addition to proposing a porous scaffold synthesis method, we also utilize natural waste-based materials such as cockle shells and tin tailings as raw materials in this research. Investigation through x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern with the goodness of fit coefficient, X
2 = 0.09 shows that the coprecipitation method is effective for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. Analysis of XRD pattern of tin tailings sand with a value of X
2 = 0.008 showed that the diffraction pattern was related to silica with space group P 41 21 2. The polymer sponge replication method with polyurethane template succeeded in obtaining scaffolds with macropores above 300 μm. Based on the diffraction pattern of the three porous scaffolds prepared with different percentages of HA, it is known that all porous scaffolds have peaks related to HA and silica. It indicates that the decomposition temperature of polymer does not provide sufficient energy for the HA and silica to transform or react chemically.
Comparative study of electrical energy conversion on monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panel types in fixed position with various weather conditions in mountain area
Authors: Yandi W , Puriza M Y , Jumaida K
Published: December 2021

A solar panel is one alternative energy solution that is widely used today. Solar panels consist of two main types, namely polycrystalline and monocrystalline. The two solar panels have physical differences and the ability to produce electrical energy. Therefore, we compare two solar panels in order to conclude which type of solar panel is the most effective in producing electrical energy. The area used is plateau areas with a mountainous contour and has low humidity and temperature. Data is collected for three days. The solar panels used have a capacity of 200 Wp each. As a data logger, Arduino and several supporting components are used. Polycrystalline solar panels produce a greater voltage than monocrystalline types from the first day to the third day. However the current produced by the two solar panels tends to be the same. The average total energy produced by polycrystalline solar panels is 665.46 watts and monocrystalline solar panels is 500.62 watts. It can be concluded that in mountainous areas it is more efficient to use a polycrystalline type of solar panels.
Research on Contamination of Foods with Mercury Mining: A Ten-Year (2011-2020) Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zuas O , Elishian C , Darmayanti N T E , Budiman H , Yaumidin U K
Published: December 2021

The first study on bibliometric network analysis of research on contamination of foods with mercury (Hg) mining is presented. The Hg mining has been reported as the primary source of toxic Hg contamination of foods. The living population’s exposure to Hg is highly associated with the consumption of Hg-contaminated foods and water. This study aims to explore the global scientific literature to gain insight into how the scientific literature addresses contamination of foods with Hg mining using bibliometric network analysis. The study was conducted on 319 documents from publications indexed in the Scopus database from 2011 to 2020. We collected reviewed documents using various techniques to analyze this issue, including general statistics, bibliometrics, and analytics. According to analysis results, several significant findings were found as follows. The co-authorship network demonstrates the relationship among authors and countries regarding contamination of foods with Hg mining. Co-authorship authors and country analysis indicate that “Chinese authors” and “the Chinese Academic of Sciences” are the first among the most influential authors and institution, respectively. Moreover, from systematic visualization of co-occurrence keywords and clustering analyses, six major clusters were reviewed and have been identified as potential opportunities for future research.
Review of digital PCR potential for surveillance of emerging disease from wastewater
Authors: Dewantoro A , Anggundari W C , Prasetya B , Yopi
Published: December 2021

Emerging infectious diseases (EID) such as COVID-19 had been widely caused massive impact for all countries in the world. The spreading of pathogens became uncontrolled and unpredictable to overcome this pandemic disease. Some non-waterborne EID also was discovered in wastewater in many countries of the world. Studies showed that digital PCR could become a powerful tool for environmental surveillance. It enables the performance of absolute quantification for nucleic acid with a high inhibitory sample, like wastewater, and potentially possibly detected a tiny quantity of pathogen residue and tracked the infectious diseases that originated from human excretions into sewage. Hopefully, with the development of this method and support of measurement and standardization, it is possible to become an effective method to overcome the digital PCR (dPCR) method challenge for surveillance of disease transmission from wastewater.
Flood Vulnerability Study of Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Belitung Archipelago Province
Authors: Guskarnali  , Irvani  , Taman Tono E.P.S.B.
Published: December 2021

Pangkalpinang city is one part of Bangka Belitung Archipelago Province which has an area of 118.41 km2 with seven districts and consist of forty-two villages. Based on its location on the eastern part of bangka island make pangkalpinang closer to the coast and watersheds so that it can be said it have a relatively low average land elevation (topography) with a height of 20-50 meters above the sea with a slope of 0-25 %. The research was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively with the parameters of determining the administrative boundaries of each district, the selection of applicable rules regarding the applicable land use zoning or spatial planning (RT/RW), topography, surrounding watersheds, and population density of settlements in Pangkalpinang City. These parameters are then carried out using overlay, scoring and layout techniques to see the distribution of the flood vulnerability level pattern. The results showed that flood vulnerability (very vulnerable) with low topography (0-10 meters above sea level) was in the northwest area of Bukit Intan District and Taman Sari District. Flood vulnerability (vulnerable to less vulnerable) with moderate topographic values (10-19 meters above sea level) is in Gerunggang and Gabek Districts, while vulnerability is not vulnerable with high average topographic values (above 20 meters above sea level). in the northern part in the Districts of Gerunggang, Gabek, and Pangkalbalam. In the northwest part of Pangkalpinang City, if there is an increase in tides or high rainfall intensity, the area will be inundated (flooded).
Adsorption Capacity of Ca2+ by Hydrochloric Acid Activated Kaolin
Authors: Wahyuni N
Published: December 2021

A high concentration of calcium ions in water is a problem as it can cause blockages in engine pipes. Adsorption is a relatively cheap and straightforward method that can be used to reduce the calcium ion content in water. Kaolin is a mineral that has a potential as an adsorbent and whose adsorption capacity can be increased by activation. This research studied the adsorption capacity of activated kaolin by hydrochloric acid against Ca2+ ions. Kaolin was chemically activated using 6 M HCl solution for 24 hours. The adsorption contact time in batches was varied with time variations of 30, 90, 150, and 180 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity of activated kaolin to the Ca2+ was determined by varying the initial concentrations of water samples, namely 4, 7, 10, and 13 mg/L. The concentration of Ca2+ was determined by a titration method using ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA). The results showed that the activation of kaolin with 6 M HCl at the optimum contact time of adsorption, namely 150 minutes, increased the percentage of adsorbed Ca ions to 2 times of that of natural kaolin, from 33.3% to 68.3%. Based on the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of calcium ions by activated kaolin HCl 6 M increased 1.7 times from natural kaolin to 0.346 mg/g.