bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Febrile Temperature Elevates the Expression of Phosphatidylserine on Plasmodium falciparum (FCR3CSA) Infected Red Blood Cell Surface Leading to Increased Cytoadhesion
Authors: Zhang Rou , Chandramohanadas Rajesh , Lim Chwee Teck , Dao Ming
Published: October 2018

During the asexual intra-erythrocytic cycle, Plasmodium (P.) falciparum exports parasitic proteins to the surface of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) facilitating its cytoadhesion to various endothelial host receptors. This adhesive behavior is a critical contributor towards disease manifestation. However, little is known about the influence of recurring elevated temperature – a common symptom of the malaria infection – on the adhesive properties of iRBCs to endothelial receptors. To address this, we performed dual-micropipette step-pressure technique between P. falciparum (strain FCR3CSA) iRBCs and Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing Chondroitin sulfate A (CHO-CSA) after transient iRBCs incubation at febrile temperatures which revealed increase in adhesion parameters. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the iRBC surface following exposure to febrile temperature. The adhesion between iRBCs and CHO-CSA cells was remarkably reduced in presence of soluble Annexin V, indicating the mediation of PS on the adhesion events. Our results suggest that elevated PS recruitment on iRBC under thermally stressed conditions contributes to the increased adhesive behavior of iRBCs CSA-binding phenotype to CHO-CSA.
Tracking Tumor Colonization in Xenograft Mouse Models Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hum Nicholas R. , Martin Kelly A. , Malfatti Michael A. , Haack Kurt , Buchholz Bruce A. , Loots Gabriela G.
Published: October 2018

Here we introduce an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)-based high precision method for quantifying the number of cancer cells that initiate metastatic tumors, in xenograft mice. Quantification of 14C per cell prior to injection into animals, and quantification of 14C in whole organs allows us to extrapolate the number of cancer cells available to initiate metastatic tumors. The 14C labeling was optimized such that 1 cancer cell was detected among 1 million normal cells. We show that ~1–5% of human cancer cells injected into immunodeficient mice form subcutaneous tumors, and even fewer cells initiate metastatic tumors. Comparisons of metastatic site colonization between a highly metastatic (PC3) and a non-metastatic (LnCap) cell line showed that PC3 cells colonize target tissues in greater quantities at 2 weeks post-delivery, and by 12 weeks post-delivery no 14C was detected in LnCap xenografts, suggesting that all metastatic cells were cleared. The 14C-signal correlated with the presence and the severity of metastatic tumors. AMS measurements of 14C-labeled cells provides a highly-sensitive, quantitative assay to experimentally evaluate metastasis and colonization of target tissues in xenograft mouse models. This approach can potentially be used to evaluate tumor aggressiveness and assist in making informed decisions regarding treatment.
The genetic landscape of 5T models for multiple myeloma
Authors: Maes Ken , Boeckx Bram , Vlummens Philip , De Veirman Kim , Menu Eline , Vanderkerken Karin , Lambrechts Diether , De Bruyne Elke
Published: October 2018

Murine models for multiple myeloma (MM) are often used to investigate pathobiology of multiple myeloma and disease progression. Unlike transgenic mice models, where it is known which oncogene is driving MM disease, the somatic aberrations of spontaneous syngeneic 5T models of MM have not yet been reported. Here, we analyzed the copy-number alterations (CNA) and mutational landscape of 5T2, 5T33vv and 5TGM1 murine MM models using whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing. Forty four percent of the genome of 5T2 cells is affected by CNAs while this was only 11% and 17% for 5T33vv and 5TGM1 cells, respectively. We found that up to 69% of the genes linked to gain of 1q or deletion of 13q in MM patients are present as respectively gains in 5T2 cells or deletions in 5T33 and 5TGM1 cells. Exome sequencing furthermore revealed mutations of genes involved in RAS/MAPK, PI3K/AKT1 and JAK/STAT signaling, DNA damage response, cell cycle, epigenetic regulation and extracellular matrix organization. We observed a statistically significant overlap of genes mutated in the 5T models and MM patients. Overall, the genetic landscape of the 5T models is heterogeneous with a high number of aberrations involving genes in various multiple myeloma-related pathways.
Involvement of anterior and posterior corneal surface area imbalance in the pathological change of keratoconus
Authors: Kitazawa Koji , Itoi Motohiro , Yokota Isao , Wakimasu Koichi , Cho Yuko , Nakamura Yo , Hieda Osamu , Kinoshita Shigeru , Sotozono Chie
Published: October 2018

Keratoconus (KC) is an ectatic disorder with a high prevalence rate. However, the exact cause of the disease and possible underlying mechanisms of development remain unclear. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the anterior and the posterior corneal surface area in normal, forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC), and keratoconic eyes (as a reference group) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in order to assess the pathological change of KC. The surface areas of the anterior or posterior cornea, and the anterior-posterior (As/Ps) ratio of corneal surface area, were measured at the central 5.0 mm-, 6.0 mm-, and 7.0 mm-diameter areas via AS-OCT, and a comparison between the normal eyes and FFKC eyes was then performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The posterior surface area at the central 5.0 mm areas in the FFKC eyes (20.430 mm2) and KC eyes (20.917 mm2) seemed to become larger than that of normal eyes (20.389 mm2) (normal vs FFKC; P = 0.06). Moreover, the As/Ps of the corneal surface area in the FFKC eyes (0.986) and the KC eyes (0.976) was significantly smaller than that of the normal eyes (0.988) (normal vs FFKC; P < 0.01). Anterior and posterior corneal surface area imbalance may reflect keratoconic eyes at the early stage of the disease.
Evaluation of a novel cloud-based software platform for structured experiment design and linked data analytics
Authors: Juergens Hannes , Niemeijer Matthijs , Jennings-Antipov Laura D. , Mans Robert , Morel Jack , van Maris Antonius J. A. , Pronk Jack T. , Gardner Timothy S.
Published: October 2018

Open data in science requires precise definition of experimental procedures used in data generation, but traditional practices for sharing protocols and data cannot provide the required data contextualization. Here, we explore implementation, in an academic research setting, of a novel cloud-based software system designed to address this challenge. The software supports systematic definition of experimental procedures as visual processes, acquisition and analysis of primary data, and linking of data and procedures in machine-computable form. The software was tested on a set of quantitative microbial-physiology experiments. Though time-intensive, definition of experimental procedures in the software enabled much more precise, unambiguous definitions of experiments than conventional protocols. Once defined, processes were easily reusable and composable into more complex experimental flows. Automatic coupling of process definitions to experimental data enables immediate identification of correlations between procedural details, intended and unintended experimental perturbations, and experimental outcomes. Software-based experiment descriptions could ultimately replace terse and ambiguous ‘Materials and Methods’ sections in scientific journals, thus promoting reproducibility and reusability of published studies.
Detection of opium alkaloids in a Cypriot base-ring juglet
Authors: Smith Rachel K. , Stacey Rebecca J. , Bergström Ed , Thomas-Oates Jane
Published: October 2018

The first rigorous chemical evidence supporting the controversial theory linking Bronze Age Cypriot base-ring juglets with the opium poppy.
Human-level blood cell counting on lens-free shadow images exploiting deep neural networks
Authors: Ahn DaeHan , Lee JiYeong , Moon SangJun , Park Taejoon
Published: October 2018

In-line holographic microscopes paved the way for realizing portable cell counting systems using deep neural networks.
A rapid clean-up method for the quantitation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde in thermally treated abalone (Haliotis discus) muscle by HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Xu Xianbing , Feng Tingting , Zhang Jing , Ma Yunjiao , Song Liang
Published: October 2018

DSPE–DLLME pretreatment was successfully coupled to HPLC-MS/MS for simple, rapid, and reliable HMF determination in thermally treated abalone samples, and excellent peak resolution, good linearity, and appropriate accuracy and sensitivity were obtained.
Edge-on adsorption of multi-chain functional alkanes stabilizes noncovalent monolayers on MoS2
Authors: Davis T. C. , Russell S. R. , Claridge S. A.
Published: October 2018

Diyne phospholipids adsorb edge-on on MoS2, producing stable monolayers with large, ordered domains, despite low alkane adsorption enthalpies on MoS2.
Design of dispersant structures for preparing highly concentrated one-dimensional inorganic molecular chains from V2Se9 crystals
Authors: Chae Sudong , Siddiqa Akhtar J. , Kim Bum Jun , Oh Seungbae , Choi Kyung Hwan , Kim Hyo Yeol , Lee Keun Ho , Yu Hak Ki , Choi Jae-Young
Published: October 2018

We studied dispersants for exfoliating bulk V2Se9 into one dimensional chain units.
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for bioimaging and biosensing of HBrO in mitochondria upon oxidative stress
Authors: Huang Hong , Tian Yang
Published: October 2018

A ratiometric fluorescent probe with high selectivity and sensitivity was designed for biosensing of HBrO in mitochondria upon oxidative stress.
Polymeric hole-transport materials with side-chain redox-active groups for perovskite solar cells with good reproducibility
Authors: Fuentes Pineda Rosinda , Lake Benjamin R. M. , Troughton Joel , Sanchez-Molina Irene , Chepelin Oleg , Haque Saif , Watson Trystan , Shaver Michael P. , Robertson Neil
Published: October 2018

Two monomers and their corresponding polymers based on triaryl amines with different substituents were used in perovskite solar cells.
Local bond order parameters for accurate determination of crystal structures in two and three dimensions
Authors: Eslami Hossein , Sedaghat Parvin , Müller-Plathe Florian
Published: October 2018

Local order parameters for the characterization of liquid and different two- and three-dimensional crystalline structures are presented.
Difference in the micro-dynamics mechanism between aromatic nylon and aliphatic nylon during water absorption: spectroscopic evidence
Authors: Jia Liyang , Su Gehong , Yuan Qiang , Zhang Xueqian , Zhou Tao
Published: October 2018

The difference in the micro-dynamics mechanism between aromatic nylon and aliphatic nylon during water absorption was studied to explore the reason for the significantly smaller decline of barrier performance of poly(m-xylene adipamide) (MXD6) film than that of polyamide 6 (PA6) film under high humidity.
Direct observation of Mg2+complexes in ionic liquid solutions by31Mg β-NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Szunyogh Daniel , McFadden Ryan M. L. , Karner Victoria L. , Chatzichristos Aris , Day Goodacre Thomas , Dehn Martin H. , Formenti Lia , Fujimoto Derek , Gottberg Alexander , Kallenberg Evan , Kálomista Ildikó , Kiefl Robert F. , Larsen Flemming H. , Lassen Jens , Levy C. D. Philip , Li Ruohong , MacFarlane W. Andrew , McKenzie Iain , Morris Gerald D. , Pallada Stavroula , Pearson Matthew R. , Sauer Stephan P. A. , Schaffer Paul , Thulstrup Peter W. , Hemmingsen Lars , Stachura Monika
Published: October 2018

Billion-fold increase in sensitivity of NMR resonances of Mg2+ions in solutions recorded using a specialized version NMR spectroscopy known as β-NMR.
SSZ-70 borosilicate delamination without sonication: effect of framework topology on olefin epoxidation catalysis
Authors: Okrut Alexander , Aigner Martina , Schöttle Christian , Grosso-Giordano Nicolás A. , Hwang Son-Jong , Ouyang Xiaoying , Zones Stacey , Katz Alexander
Published: October 2018

Delamination of layered zeolite precursor B-SSZ-70 succeeds in an aqueous solution of Zn(NO3)2and Bu4NF without need for sonication.
Ferromagnetically coupled dinuclear MII complexes based on a boratriazine ligand framework
Authors: Savard Jamie M. , Brunet Gabriel , Srinivasan Anandi , Murugesu Muralee , Brusso Jaclyn L.
Published: October 2018

The structural and magnetic properties of dinuclear FeII and CoII complexes, synthesized through the targeted use of mer-coordinating boratriazine and azido bridging ligands are presented, which exhibit large spin ground states due to ferromagnetic interactions.
Enhanced energy barriers triggered by magnetic anisotropy modulation via tuning the functional groups on the bridging ligands in Dy2 single-molecule magnets
Authors: Qin Yaru , Jing Yu , Ge Yu , Liu Wei , Li Yahong , Zhang Yi-Quan
Published: October 2018

Two dinuclear dysprosium complexes of 1 and 2 have been synthesized and both of them exhibit SMM behavior. The energy barrier is enhanced ca. 35 K by elaborately tuning the backbones of the ligands.
Semiconductor self-assembled monolayers as selective contacts for efficient PiN perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yalcin E. , Can M. , Rodriguez-Seco C. , Aktas E. , Pudi R. , Cambarau W. , Demic S. , Palomares E.
Published: October 2018

Herein, we studied the use of two different Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) made of semiconductor hole transport organic molecules to replace the most common p-type contact, PEDOT:PSS, in PiN methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
A rechargeable aqueous Zn2+-battery with high power density and a long cycle-life
Authors: Wang Fei , Hu Enyuan , Sun Wei , Gao Tao , Ji Xiao , Fan Xiulin , Han Fudong , Yang Xiao-Qing , Xu Kang , Wang Chunsheng
Published: October 2018

The bivalence of Zn2+ was delocalized by multiple atoms through the p–d hybridization, rendering its high mobility.
Differential responses of endothelial integrity upon the intake of microencapsulated garlic, tomato extract or a mixture: a single-intake, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
Authors: Kim Yunyoung , Kim Kyeong Jin , Park Soo-Yeon , Lim Yeni , Kwon Oran , Lee Jin Hee , Kim Ji Yeon
Published: October 2018

This study investigated the effect of microencapsulated garlic and/or tomato on endothelial dysfunction induced by the PhenFlex test (PFT) in healthy male smokers.
Copper immobilized at a covalent organic framework: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Chan–Lam coupling reaction of aryl boronic acids and amines
Authors: Han Yi , Zhang Mo , Zhang Ya-Qing , Zhang Zhan-Hui
Published: October 2018

A covalent organic framework immobilized Cu catalyst was prepared and applied for synthesis of N-arylated products by Chan–Lam coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with various amines.
Silver nanoparticle-incorporated ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires with internal reference as SERS substrate for trace environmental pollutant detection
Authors: Zhang Lei , Luo Yongquan , Zhao Yameng , Guan Boxin , Zhang Lingyi , Yu Bohao , Zhang Weibing
Published: October 2018

Silver nanoparticle-incorporated HAPNWs as SERS substrates exhibit unique characteristics including stability, convenience and simple and environmentally friendly preparation.
Enhanced Z-scheme photocatalytic activity of a π-conjugated heterojunction: MIL-53(Fe)/Ag/g-C3N4
Authors: Patra Sovan Kumar , Rahut Sibsankar , Basu Jayanta Kumar
Published: October 2018

We study the Z-Scheme charge transfer in an MACN heterojunction, looking in particular at the charge transfer between nanosheets and nanorods at the molecular level.
Stable-radicals increase the conductance and Seebeck coefficient of graphene nanoconstrictions
Authors: Noori Mohammed , Sadeghi Hatef , Lambert Colin J.
Published: October 2018

Nanoscale thermoelectricity is an attractive target technology, because it can convert ambient heat into electricity for powering embedded devices in the internet of things.
Stimuli-responsive lipid-based magnetic nanovectors increase apoptosis in glioblastoma cells through synergic intracellular hyperthermia and chemotherapy
Authors: Tapeinos Christos , Marino Attilio , Battaglini Matteo , Migliorin Simone , Brescia Rosaria , Scarpellini Alice , De Julián Fernández César , Prato Mirko , Drago Filippo , Ciofani Gianni
Published: October 2018

TMZ-loaded lipid-based magnetic nanovectors induce apoptosis in U-87 MG cells after magnetothermal stimulation.
3-Arm star pyrene-functional PMMAs for efficient exfoliation of graphite in chloroform: fabrication of graphene-reinforced fibrous veils
Authors: Gkermpoura Sandra S. , Papadimitriou Konstantinia D. , Skountzos Emmanuel N. , Polyzos Ioannis , Pastore Carbone Maria Giovanna , Kotrotsos Athanasios , Mavrantzas Vlasis G. , Galiotis Costas , Tsitsilianis Constantinos
Published: October 2018

Stable graphene dispersions in chloroform, using very low pyrene-functionalized polymer/graphite mass ratio.
Decarbonylative cross-coupling of amides
Authors: Liu Chengwei , Szostak Michal
Published: October 2018

We present recent advances and key developments in the field of decarbonylative cross-coupling reactions of amides by a formal double N–C/C–C bond activation as well as discuss future challenges and potential applications for this exciting field.
Hydroarylation of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds in cross-conjugated enynones under the action of superacid CF3SO3H or acidic zeolite HUSY. Reaction mechanism and DFT study on cationic intermediate species
Authors: Aleksandrova Maiia I. , Lozovskiy Stanislav V. , Saulnier Steve , Golovanov Alexander A. , Boyarskaya Irina A. , Vasilyev Aleksander V.
Published: October 2018

Reactions of enynones with arenes in TfOH-Py or with zeolite HUSY lead to products of hydroarylation of the acetylene bond.
Understanding the axial chirality control of quinidine-derived ammonium cation-directed O-alkylation: a computational study
Authors: Li Han , Fan Wu , Hong Xin
Published: October 2018

DFT calculations reveal the origins of axial chirality control by cinchona alkaloid derivatives.
ATRA-like alkylation–peroxidation of alkenes with trichloromethyl derivatives by the combination of tBuOOH and NEt3
Authors: Chen Cui , Tan Hua , Liu Bifu , Yue Chaochao , Liu Weibing
Published: October 2018

This protocol provides a unique and innovative approach to the construction of α-tert-butylperoxy-β-dichloromethyl alkanes, employing CHCl3 as an alkylating reagent to provide a –CHCl2 group, and TBHP as an oxidant to provide an α-tBuOO group.
Synthesis of novel cyclopeptides containing heterocyclic skeletons
Authors: Hamdan Fatima , Tahoori Fatemeh , Balalaie Saeed
Published: October 2018

This review highlights different approaches for the synthesis of cyclopeptides containing heterocyclic skeletons such as triazole, imidazole, tetrazole, oxazole and thiazole.
Organocatalytic sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade: constructing functionalized 2,5-dihydrothiophenes bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Yu , Lv Mei-Heng , Zhao Ya-Nan , Lan Li-Yan , Li Wen-Ze , Xiao Lin-Jiu
Published: October 2018

A sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol and α-aryl-β-nitroacrylate has been developed, which allows access to 2,5-dihydrothiophenes bearing a quaternary carbon center in moderate to good yields with high enantioselectivities.
Effects of proton conduction on dielectric properties of peptides
Authors: Sung Taehoon , Namgung Seok Daniel , Lee Jaehun , Choe Ik Rang , Nam Ki Tae , Kwon Jang-Yeon
Published: October 2018

Mobile protons affect dielectric properties of peptides by forming an electrical double layer.
A colorimetric biosensor based on enzyme-catalysis-induced production of inorganic nanoparticles for sensitive detection of glucose in white grape wine
Authors: Dai Huang , Li Yuqing , Zhang Qi , Fu Yingchun , Li Yanbin
Published: October 2018

Sensitive and selective colorimetric sensors have come into a high demand due to their simplicity, rapidity, precision and use of common laboratory instruments.
Biophysical evaluation to categorize pathogenicity of cancer-predisposing mutations identified in the BARD1 BRCT domain
Authors: Choudhary Rajan Kumar , Siddiqui M. Quadir , Gadewal Nikhil , Kumar Nachimuthu Senthil , Kuligina Ekaterina S. , Varma Ashok K.
Published: October 2018

The BRCT domain of BARD1 (BARD1 BRCT) is involved in many cellular processes such as DNA damage repair (DDR) and cell-cycle checkpoint regulation.
Vibrational properties of isotopically enriched materials: the case of calcite
Authors: Xu Ben , Hirsch Anna , Kronik Leeor , Poduska Kristin M.
Published: October 2018

Isotopic enrichment in calcite, even at relatively low levels, can produce surprising changes to infrared spectra.
Addressing the viscosity challenge: ultrafast, stable-flow synthesis of zeolites with an emulsion method
Authors: Zhu Jie , Liu Zhendong , Yonezawa Yasuo , Honda Kazuto , Okada Satoshi , Deguchi Shigeru , Okubo Tatsuya , Wakihara Toru
Published: October 2018

Combined with a pipe-in-pipe system, the emulsion method can overcome the viscosity challenge, leading to the continuous flow synthesis of zeolites.
Ir(iii)-catalyzedorthoC–H alkylations of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes using alkyl boron reagents
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yang , Sorensen Erik J.
Published: October 2018

The direct Ir(iii)-catalyzed ortho C–H alkylations of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes have been accomplished using aniline as the transient ligand and alkyl boron reagents as the coupling partner.
Dynamic properties of different liquid states in systems with competing interactions studied with lysozyme solutions
Authors: Godfrin P. D. , Falus P. , Porcar L. , Hong K. , Hudson S. D. , Wagner N. J. , Liu Y.
Published: October 2018

Normalized MSDs and simulation snapshots (including only particles in a percolated cluster) are shown for percolated and locally glassy systems. Particles in locally dense regions (with 6 or more neighbors) contributing to locally glassy behavior are blue. All other particles are red and made smaller for clarity.
Enabling efficient visible light photocatalytic water splitting over SrTaO2N by incorporating Sr in its B site
Authors: Sun Xiaoqin , Wu Fangfang , Liu Gang , Xu Xiaoxiang
Published: October 2018

The perovskite oxynitride SrTaO2N is a promising compound for solar energy conversion because it has strong visible light absorption at wavelengths as long as 650 nm. However, the photocatalytic activity of SrTaO2N is generally very poor. We managed to improve its activity by incorporating Sr in its B site.
Fire-resistant, ultralight, superelastic and thermally insulated polybenzazole aerogels
Authors: Qian Zhenchao , Yang Meng , Li Rui , Li Dongdong , Zhang Jianling , Xiao Yaonan , Li Chuncheng , Yang Rongjie , Zhao Ning , Xu Jian
Published: October 2018

The polybenzazole aerogels exhibit superelasticity and flame resistance without additives. High thermal insulation and resistance to a 1000 °C flame has been achieved for the composite aerogels, showing potential in energy efficient areas.
A multifunctional vanadium-doped cobalt oxide layer on silicon photoanodes for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Xing Zhuo , Wu Hengyi , Wu Liang , Wang Xuening , Zhong Huizhou , Li Feng , Shi Jinchao , Song Dengyuan , Xiao Wei , Jiang Changzhong , Ren Feng
Published: October 2018

p+n junction Si cells with V doped Co oxide were fabricated via magnetron co-sputtering deposition as photoanodes for efficient OER performance.
Interface engineering in solid state Li metal batteries by quasi-2D hybrid perovskites
Authors: Wu Jiafeng , Li Xinyue , Zhao Yizhou , Liu Lang , Qu Wenjie , Luo Rui , Chen Renjie , Li Yujing , Chen Qi
Published: October 2018

Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) composed of garnet-type solid electrolytes have been intensively investigated with rapid progress, but the battery capacity does not meet the commercialization requirements yet.
Atomic layer deposition and first principles modeling of glassy Li3BO3–Li2CO3 electrolytes for solid-state Li metal batteries
Authors: Kazyak Eric , Chen Kuan-Hung , Davis Andrew L. , Yu Seungho , Sanchez Adrian J. , Lasso Jose , Bielinski Ashley R. , Thompson Travis , Sakamoto Jeff , Siegel Donald J. , Dasgupta Neil P.
Published: October 2018

Glassy Li3BO3–Li2CO3 ALD films are deposited and shown to have excellent stability against Li metal and high ionic conductivity.
Green solvent processed tetramethyl-substituted aluminum phthalocyanine thin films as anode buffer layers in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zheng Luping , Xu Jiaju , Feng Yaomiao , Shan Haiquan , Fang Guojia , Xu Zong-Xiang
Published: October 2018

Green solvent processable tetramethyl-substituted Al(iii) phthalocyanines were employed as anodic buffer layers of OLEDs, achieving the enhanced OLED performance and durability compared with those of OLEDs using PEDOT:PSS.
Cost‐effective ubiquitous method for motor vehicle speed estimation using smartphones
Authors: Bagheri Shahrzad Moeiniyan , Assemi Behrang , Mesbah Mahmoud , Hickman Mark
Published: October 2018

Estimating longitudinal vehicle speed is required in a wide range of applications from road safety to vehicular emissions modelling. Each vehicle speed estimation method has specific challenges including the high cost of measurement equipment, the small range of vehicle models accessible for performing tests and the low resolution of data in time and space. Thus, the goals of this study are (a) to investigate the use of smartphones’ integrated sensors as a convenient, reliable and powerful means of vehicle speed data collection which would mitigate the issues observed in previous methods, and (b) to propose a post‐processing pipeline for generating vehicles’ speed profiles based on the raw data captured by the proposed data collection method. Accordingly, a smartphone application is developed to facilitate the collection of vehicles’ movement data, particularly inside tunnels and high‐density urban areas, where state‐of‐the‐art global positioning system (GPS) applications fail to record the desired data. Moreover, a post‐processing pipeline is proposed for calculating vehicles’ speed profiles and emissions from the raw smartphone acceleration data, and the full system is evaluated through a series of controlled experiments as well as simulations.
Survey on power analysis attacks and its impact on intelligent sensor networks
Authors: Shanmugham Shanthi Rekha , Paramasivam Saravanan
Published: October 2018

Smart or intelligent sensors are integrated physical units embedded with sensors, processors, and communication devices. The sensors also known as edge nodes form the lower‐most tier in the internet of things architecture. These devices rely on cryptographic technique to ensure ‘root of trust’ for the users. The implementation attacks namely side‐channel attacks (SCAs) pose a dangerous threat for the cryptographic implementation in the edge nodes since the attacks are undetectable by nature. Among the different categories of SCAs proposed in the literature, power analysis attacks (PAAs) are vastly studied and widely employed because it can be mounted with relatively inexpensive equipment. In this study, the different categories of PAAs along with the countermeasures are reviewed in detail. The impact of the SCA on the edge nodes is examined along with a case study on medical sensor nodes.
Study on quick judgment of power system stability using improved k‐ NN and LASSO method
Authors: Shi Dongyu , Tian Fang , Li Tie , Meng Xianbo , Tang Junci , Huang Yanhao , Cui Dai , Zhang Yushi , Zeng Hui
Published: October 2018

Dynamic security assessment is widely used in dispatching operation systems, and calculation speed is one of its most important performance indices. In this study, an improved k‐ nearest neighbour (k‐ NN) method is proposed aiming to predict the stability indicators of power system, for example, critical clearing time. The method is much faster than the simulation and suitable for online analysis. Firstly, a simulation sample database is constructed based on historical online data and a logistic regression model with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator is trained to pick the stability features, which are chosen from static quantities like running state and active power of electric elements. While a new operation mode needs to be evaluated, a weighted k‐ NN is implemented to obtain the most familiar samples in the database using the chosen features; the final result will be determined comprehensively by the familiar samples. The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation using online data of State Grid Corp of China and different key faults. It is proved that the method meets the requirements for speed and accuracy of online analysis system.
Effect of cascade STATCOM on stabilising voltage in high voltage direct current
Authors: Jiaqi Li , Jun Wen , Helin Liu , Shiyou Yu
Published: October 2018

Yongfu high voltage direct current (HVDC) project in Yunnan is the main access to send the power out and also an important part of the channel of transmission of power in west to east in China southern power grid. However, the Funing Converter Station of the project connects to a weak AC system; thus, there is a need for a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) to compensate the reactive power. This study presents the principle of the STATCOM, all kinds of the topologies of STATCOM, with their advantages and disadvantages compared to each other and the representative projects. Then, the cascade STATCOM is emphatically analysed that is applied to the project. Also, the cascade STATCOM model and the project model are established in PSCAD/EMTDC. Afterwards, the effect of STATCOM on the converter station is studied, which works in steady state and in transient of varieties of short circuit faults. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of cascade STATCOM on stabilising the voltage.
A stratified jet model for AGN emission in the two-flow paradigm
Authors: Vuillaume T. , Henri G. , Petrucci P.-O.
Published: October 2018

Context.High-energy emission of extragalactic objects is known to take place in relativistic jets, but the nature, the location, and the emission processes of the emitting particles are still unknown. One of the models proposed to explain the formation of relativistic ejections and their associated non-thermal emission is the two-flow model, where the jets are supposed to be composed of two different flows, a mildly relativistic baryonic jet surrounding a fast, relativistically moving electron positron plasma. Here we present the simulation of the emission of such a structure taking into account the main sources of photons that are present in active galactic nuclei (AGNs).

Aims.We try to reproduce the broadband spectra of radio-loud AGNs with a detailed model of emission taking into account synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission by a relativistically moving beam of electron positron, heated by a surrounding turbulent baryonic jet.

Methods.We compute the density and energy distribution of a relativistic pair plasma all along a jet, taking into account the synchrotron and inverse-Compton process on the various photon sources present in the core of the AGN, as well as the pair creation and annihilation processes. We use semi-analytical approximations to quickly compute the inverse-Compton process on a thermal photon distribution with any anisotropic angular distribution. The anisotropy of the photon field is also responsible for the bulk acceleration of the pair plasma through the “Compton rocket” effect, thus imposing the plasma velocity along the jet. As an example, the simulated emerging spectrum is compared to the broadband emission of 3C 273.

Results.In the case of 3C 273, we obtain an excellent fit of the average broadband energy distribution by assuming physical parameters compatible with known estimates. The asymptotic bulk Lorentz factor is lower than what is observed by superluminal motion, but the discrepancy could be solved by assuming different acceleration profiles along the jet.
Raman-scattered laser guide-star photons to monitor the scatter of astronomical telescope mirrors
Authors: Vogt Frédéric P. A. , Luis Álvarez José , Bonaccini Calia Domenico , Hackenberg Wolfgang , Bourget Pierre , Aranda Ivan , Bellhouse Callum , Blanchard Israel , Cerda Susana , Cid Claudia , Comin Mauro , Espinoza Contreras Marcela , Hau George , Hibon Pascale , Holzlöhner Ronald , Jaffé Yara L. , Kolb Johann , Kuntschner Harald , Madec Pierre-Yves , Mieske Steffen , Milli Julien , Opitom Cyrielle , Parraguez Diego , Romero Cristian , Selman Fernando , Schmidtobreick Linda , Smoker Jonathan , Vera Urrutia Sergio , Zins Gerard
Published: October 2018

The first observations of laser guide-star photons that are Raman-scattered by air molecules above the Very Large Telescope (VLT) were reported in June 2017. The initial detection came from the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) optical integral field spectrograph, following the installation of the 4 Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF) on Unit Telescope 4 (UT4) of the VLT. In this Letter, we delve further into the symbiotic relationship between the 4LGSF laser guide-star system, the UT4 telescope, and MUSE by monitoring the spectral contamination of MUSE observations by Raman photons over a 27-month period. This dataset reveals that dust particles deposited on the primary and tertiary mirrors of UT4, which are responsible for a reflectivity loss of ∼8% at 6000 Å, contribute (60 ± 5)% to the laser line fluxes detected by MUSE. The flux of Raman lines, which contaminates scientific observations that are acquired with optical spectrographs, thus provides a new, non-invasive means to monitor the evolving scatter properties of the mirrors of astronomical telescopes that are equipped with laser guide-star systems.
Solar radio emission as a disturbance of aeronautical radionavigation
Authors: Marqué Christophe , Klein Karl-Ludwig , Monstein Christian , Opgenoorth Hermann , Pulkkinen Antti , Buchert Stephan , Krucker Säm , Van Hoof Rudiger , Thulesen Peter
Published: October 2018

On November 4th, 2015 secondary air traffic control radar was strongly disturbed in Sweden and some other European countries. The disturbances occurred when the radar antennas were pointing at the Sun. In this paper, we show that the disturbances coincided with the time of peaks of an exceptionally strong (∼105 Solar Flux Units) solar radio burst in a relatively narrow frequency range around 1 GHz. This indicates that this radio burst is the most probable space weather candidate for explaining the radar disturbances. The dynamic radio spectrum shows that the high flux densities are not due to synchrotron emission of energetic electrons, but to coherent emission processes, which produce a large variety of rapidly varying short bursts (such as pulsations, fiber bursts, and zebra patterns). The radio burst occurs outside the impulsive phase of the associated flare, about 30 min after the soft X-ray peak, and it is temporarily associated with fast evolving activity occurring in strong solar magnetic fields. While the relationship with strong magnetic fields and the coherent spectral nature of the radio burst provide hints towards the physical processes which generate such disturbances, we have so far no means to forecast them. Well-calibrated monitoring instruments of whole Sun radio fluxes covering the UHF band could at least provide a real-time identification of the origin of such disturbances, which reports in the literature show to also affect GPS signal reception.
Anesthesia Risk and the Mucopolysaccharidoses: A Challenging and Changing Landscape
Authors: Walker Robert , Garbarino James
Published: October 2018

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are well known to present a high risk of anesthesia. Predominantly, this risk is not only related to upper airway issues but also to multilevel airway obstruction, respiratory morbidity, and cardiac issues. Before disease-specific treatment became available, the management of the untreated patients with MPS was regarded as the worst airway problem in pediatric anesthetic practice. The last 20 to 30 years have seen great advances in the treatment of the different types of MPS with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) being offered to children with MPS I Hurler sundrome since the 1980s, and more recently enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) becoming available for many MPS subtypes.

These treatments have undoubtedly affected the relative risk involved with an anesthetic. HSCT improves markedly the upper airway and cardiac myocardial function and there is evidence that airway management is much more straightforward. ERT, on the other hand, improves obstructive sleep apnea and exercise tolerance, but the overall effect on the risk of anesthesia is less obvious and airway complications during anesthesia remain at a high level. The impact of improved anesthetic management in the same time frame is borne out by a reduced failed intubation rate in the literature.

The management of the MPS patients necessitates a multidisciplinary approach presently widely practiced in pediatric centers, but successful modes of therapy increasing their life span have pushed many of the extreme anesthetic challenges into adult practice where most anesthetists will be unfamiliar with the problem. This is a problem that needs to be addressed, and solutions to this issue could be collaborative working between pediatric and adult practitioners or an international network of experts available for advice.
Mucopolysaccharidoses and Orthopedic Management (Focused also on Craniocervical Junction)
Authors: Lampe Christina , Lampe Christian
Published: October 2018

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are multisystemic, chronic progressive, heterogeneous, and life-threatening diseases, involving severely the musculoskeletal system, in particular in MPS I, II, IV, VI, VII, and less prevalent in MPS III. Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules, as well as in cartilage, and bone lead to orthopedic complications: joint stiffness, contractures, and skeletal deformities, resulting in hip dysplasia, genua valga, feet deformities, kyphoscoliosis, narrowing of the spinal canal, atlantoaxial instability, carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, and growth retardation. These complications significantly reduce the quality of life due to impaired mobility, loss of independency, and pain. Compression of the cervical spinal cord is also life threatening. According to the progressive nature of MPSs, musculoskeletal symptoms worsen over time and surgical intervention may be inevitable. However, due to the increased anesthesia risk of MPSs, surgical intervention has to be evaluated carefully by a multidisciplinary team. Additionally, due to the rarity of the diseases, not many standards or recommendations are available to determine the indication of a surgical intervention, so each intervention must be decided individually, based on the few data available. In addition, conservative treatment should be taken into consideration. Physiotherapy, pain medication, insoles, orthosis, braces, corsets, and special footwear play a pivotal role. Unfortunately, the skeletal tissues are poorly vascularized and enzyme replacement therapy does not have much effect on them. It is important to detect and observe musculoskeletal complications in the regular follow-up visits, in particular the life-threatening compression of the cervical spinal cord.
Exercise and Air-Travel–Induced Alterations in Blood Hemostasis
Authors: Kupchak Brian
Published: October 2018

Hemostasis is the ability of the body to control blood loss following vascular injury. The process is composed of a complex array of pathways made up of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems that allow the fluid blood to clot after injury and then the subsequent breakdown of the clot, permitting repair of the injured tissue. Studies to date have shown exercise to be a stimulating factor in both the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. Additionally, air travel has been shown to be a risk factor for thrombosis. However, few studies have examined the combination of exercise and air travel on hemostasis, despite documented evidence of venous thrombotic episodes in the sports and endurance (marathon/triathlon) communities. This review summarizes and analyzes the literature with regard to (1) acute and chronic exercise, (2) air travel, and (3) exercise and air travel. In addition, the review examines confounding variables that may contribute to coagulation and strategies to prevent blood clot formation after exercise and during air travel.
Clinical Results after Combined Distal Femoral Osteotomy in Patients with Patellar Maltracking and Recurrent Dislocations
Authors: Frings Jannik , Krause Matthias , Akoto Ralph , Frosch Karl-Heinz
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical results after treatment of patellofemoral instability and maltracking caused by torsional or axial deformities of the lower extremity by combined distal femoral osteotomies (DFOs). We analyzed 31 DFOs (25 patients) with patellar maltracking and instability, treated in our clinic. Torsional angles and the leg axis in the frontal plane were measured preoperatively. Standardized scoring systems were determined pre- and postoperatively including a clinical examination. Nineteen cases of torsional and 12 cases of axis deformities were evaluated 27 (12–64) months postoperatively. Among those with torsional deformity, mean femoral torsion was –39.0 ± 8.8 degrees, tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove (TT-TG) 20.3 ± 4.5 mm. We performed 19 torsional (+11.4 ± 2.4 degrees) DFOs with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) augmentation (n = 19), tibial tuberosity transfer (n = 14, 10.9 ± 6.0 mm), varus (n = 4, 3.3 ± 1.0 degrees), or valgus (n = 1, 7.0 degrees) correction. Among valgus deformities, the leg axis was 6.7 ± 2.3 degrees valgus and TT-TG 19.3 ± 5.0 mm. We performed 12 medially closing-wedge DFOs (7.6 ± 2.8 degrees) with MPFL augmentation (n = 12) and tibial tubercle transfer (n = 9, 11.4 ± 7.3 mm). Visual analogue pain scale improved from 6.2 to 1.5 (p = 0.000), Kujala score from 45.0 to 81.5 (p = 0.000), Lysholm score from 40.3 to 83.9 (p = 0.000), and Tegner score from 2.1 to 3.9 (p = 0.000). Preoperative cartilage damage significantly influences the postoperative functional outcome (Lysholm score) (p = 0.026) as well as the improvement in terms of the Kujala score (p = 0.045) in the overall collective. No redislocation was observed. Patellofemoral maltracking and instability in torsional and axis deformities can successfully be treated by combined DFOs with excellent clinical results. The coexistence of risk factors for patellar instability requires a combination of additional procedures to complement the osteotomy. Preoperative cartilage lesions significantly influence the clinical outcome.
Risk of Ischemic Placental Disease in Relation to Family History of Preeclampsia
Authors: Ananth Cande , Jablonski Kathleen , Myatt Leslie , Roberts James , Tita Alan , Leveno Kenneth , Reddy Uma , Varner Michael , Thorp John , Mercer Brian , Peaceman Alan , Ramin Susan , Carpenter Marshall , Samuels Philip , Sciscione Anthony , Tolosa Jorge , Saade George , Sorokin Yoram ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: October 2018

Objective To assess the risk of ischemic placental disease (IPD) including preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), and abruption, in relation to preeclampsia in maternal grandmother, mother, and sister(s).

Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of vitamins C and E for preeclampsia prevention. Data on family history of preeclampsia were based on recall by the proband. The associations between family history of preeclampsia and the odds of IPD were evaluated from alternating logistic regressions.

Results Of the 9,686 women who delivered nonmalformed, singleton live births, 17.1% had IPD. Probands provided data on preeclampsia in 55.5% (n = 5,374) on all three family members, 26.5% (n = 2,562) in mother and sister(s) only, and 11.6% (n = 1,125) in sister(s) only. The pairwise odds ratio (pOR) of IPD was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.36) if one or more of the female relatives had preeclampsia. The pORs of preeclampsia were 1.54 (95% CI: 1.12–2.13) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.03–1.77) if the proband's mother or sister(s) had a preeclamptic pregnancy, respectively, but no associations were seen for SGA infant or abruption.

Conclusion This study suggests that IPD may share a predisposition with preeclampsia, suggesting a familial inheritance.
Association between Gestational Weight Gain Adequacy and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Chen Han-Yang , Chauhan Suneet
Published: October 2018

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of gestational weight gain (GWG) adequacy according to the 2009 guidelines, and to examine the association between GWG adequacy and the adverse outcomes, stratified by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).

Study Design A retrospective cohort study, using the 2011 to 2013 U.S. linked birth/infant death datasets, restricted to nonanomalous singleton live births at 37 to 41 weeks. The adverse outcomes included composite maternal morbidity (CMM), composite neonatal morbidity (CNM), and neonatal and infant mortalities. We used multivariable Poisson's regression models with robust error variance to examine the association between GWG adequacy and adverse outcomes.

Results Of 8,656,791 singleton live births, 20, 32, and 48% had inadequate, adequate, and excessive GWG, respectively. After multivariable regression adjustment, compared with adequate GWG, excessive GWG had 1.10 (1.08–1.13) and 1.12 (1.10–1.14) times higher risk of CMM and CNM, respectively; similar findings were observed in BMI subgroups. Compared with adequate GWG, inadequate GWG had 1.14 (1.03–1.26) and 1.12 (1.07–1.18) times higher risk of neonatal and infant mortalities, respectively. Similar results were noted among women with normal weight.

Conclusion Excessive GWG was associated with an increased risk of CMM and CNM, while inadequate GWG was associated with a higher risk of neonatal and infant mortalities.
The Twist X-Ray: A Novel Test for Dynamic Scapholunate Instability
Authors: Sikora Sheena , Tham Stephen , Harvey Jason , Garcia-Elias Marc , Goldring Tony , Rotstein Andrew , Ek Eugene
Published: October 2018

Background Scapholunate instability (SLI) is the most common form of carpal instability. Early detection of SLI is imperative as early reconstructive procedures can potentially prevent the natural history of progressive degenerative arthritis. After wrist arthroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the next best noninvasive diagnostic option; however, access still remains costly and is often limited in many health care systems worldwide. In this article, we describe a novel device that allows for dynamic X-rays to be taken, accentuating the scapholunate (SL) widening.

Description of Technique Twist X-ray views are generated by the patient clenching a device that combines the standard clenched fist views with ulnar deviation and supination. The test is easy to perform and functions by combining a higher grip force with the ulnar deviation and pronation effects of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon, thus accentuating the SL gap in dynamic instability.

Patients and Methods We present a series of four patients with dynamic SLI and compare the findings of the Twist X-rays with conventional wrist X-rays series, including standard anteroposterior, lateral, radial, and ulna deviation, clenched fist, and pencil grip views.

Results In all the four patients, there was substantial dynamic SL widening. The SL interval increased from a mean of 1.8 mm (range: 1.5–2.8) on posteroanterior X-rays to 6.3 mm (range: 4.6–8.2) with the Twist views. Interestingly, on the pencil grip view, the mean widening was only 1.5 mm (range: 1–2.8 mm).

Conclusion The authors describe a novel device that allows for improved detection of dynamic SL ligament instability when performing stress X-ray views of the wrist.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.