bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Efficiency of Sales Management of the Trade Enterprise
Authors:   Kharkiv State University of Food Technology and Trade, Тimchenko O. D.
Published: August 2021

The research is aimed at substantiating the methodological principles of evaluating the efficiency of sales management of the trade enterprise. This evaluating is carried out taking into account the objects of management and compliance with the general principle of determining performance indicators. To achieve the goal set, scientific approaches to determining the essence of sales management are generalized; the directions of this activity are determined; both the local indicators and the integral indicator of evaluation of sales management efficiency at the trade enterprise are substantiated. The research was carried out using methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction and comparison, as a result of which the author’s own position on the essence and features of sales is substantiated. It is noted that the peculiarities of sales are the change in the forms of value and the transition of goods belonging to the enterprise into the property of the buyer. The content of sales management is defined as an aggregate of processes of planning, analysis and change of the system of sale of goods and services. To identify the efficiency of sales management at the enterprise, it is proposed to evaluate the sales system, sales department activities, sales channels for goods and services. To this end, both the local indicators and the integral indicator are substantiated. To calculate the latter, the use of the radar method is proposed, according to which the integral indicator is determined on the basis of the calculation of the relative area of the radar built within the evaluation circle according to a set of further indicators. These indicators have a wide range of applications, in particular, can be used to study the dynamics of efficiency and identify reserves of sales development at the enterprise, analyze the completeness of the implementation of functions and compliance of the sales management system with the target objectives of the functioning and development of the trade enterprise.
Theory and Philosophy of the Effectiveness of Enterprises as Systems: An Updated Look at Ways to Implement Functions and Management
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Burennikova N. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at outlining the functions of the theory of the effectiveness of systems (in particular, enterprises) by essence, as well as substantiating the role of indicators of components of effectiveness therein under modern conditions of system development. The article covers some issues of the theory and philosophy of the effectiveness of the functioning of enterprises as systems on the basis of SEE-management as a means of improving the effectiveness of the processes of functioning of complex systems in the context of definitions of «quantity/quality» based on the measurement and assessment of the components of the above-mentioned effectiveness using the criterion of progressive effectiveness. The results of computations according to the models of indicators of components of effectiveness, taking into account the values of the criterion of progressive effectiveness, can contribute to the choice of the appropriate strategy for the development (behavior) of the enterprise (active, passive, active-passive, etc.). It is emphasized that SEE-management, which is based on the author’s concepts of components of effectiveness, is a means of increasing the effectiveness of the functioning of complex dynamic systems (by which we will understand the set of its subprocesses) taking into account risks in the context of the negative impact of the external environment, in particular local and global crises in the economy. The scientific novelty of the results of author’s content analysis and applied explorations of the author for more than 20 years is the description of the essence of axiological and other functions of the theory of effectiveness, as well as the addition of methodological functions of this theory with indicators of constituent effectiveness, which can facilitate the improvement of the management of systems of different types and hierarchical levels. The above indicated management can be carried out using such a modern approach as author’s SEE-management, for the implementation of which certain indicators are presented and the appropriate managerial SEE actions in cases of different situations with respect to various values of performance indicators is proposed.
The Theoretical Principles of Analyzing the Competition in Consumer Markets
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kryveshko O. V.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the types of competition in consumer markets. Most authors when analyzing competition carefully analyze competitor brands. Instead, the author of this article proposes to determine the weight of the influence of related goods, substitutes and indirect competitors. All competitors on the basis of researches of domestic scholars are divided into the following groups: desire-competitors; commodity-kind competitors; commodity-type competitors (substitute goods); competitor brands. Each of these groups is analyzed and it is determined for which types of consumer markets it has a significant impact. In particular, desire-competitors are struggling for the consumers’ costs in the markets of durable goods and luxury goods, but they are not peculiar to social goods and necessities. In addition, it is determined that significant for the product markets is the division of competitors by: market share; presence in a retail network; territorial feature; price level. Market share generally defines the possibilities of influencing consumers and the ability to dictate market conditions. The level of presence of goods in the trading network determines the ease of finding it by the buyer. Increasing the presence in a particular region relatively quickly increases the market share of the corresponding goods in the region. Consumer goods of mass demand are characterized by the presence of not only international and national, but also local competitors. Such competition requires more efforts on the part of both the national and the international producers for studying the market and developing a strategy. In terms of price level, it is necessary to focus, first of all, on those competitors who compete in the same price category. The study of the soft drinks market in the City of Lviv allowed to distinguish in more detail the specific characteristics of competition. The main competitors are allocated. It is noted that over the past 15 years, the number and composition of both the local and the national competitors has changed significantly. On the basis of this, a map of the weight of competitors is developed, which enables the enterprise in the development of competitiveness strategies to concentrate on studying those market participants who are able to distract the attention of consumers to themselves.
Digitalization of Staff Involvement through Job Portals
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Kravchuk O. I. , Varis I. O. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Tsiopa A. R. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman
Published: August 2021

Digitalization of staff involvement stipulates improvement and automation of search and recruitment processes, talent management, etc. Digital instruments for interacting with employment sites are implemented through the vacancies software (JBS). The rapid increase in its use was due to strict restrictions, social distancing and an increase in the number of staff working from home. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, JBS becomes the place of direct prompt interaction between the employer (or recruiting agency) and the job seeker. It is necessary to study the processes of digitalization of staff involvement through job portals and determine their impact on the staff recruitment process; analysis of the activities of job portals in the labor market, the scale of distribution of this method of attracting candidates. The article is concerned with studying the digital technologies of attracting staff through job portals. The trends of development of staff involvement using job search websites are analyzed. The types and features of using the software to work with job ads have been generalized. The specifics of the use of the most popular international job portals are highlighted. The main possibilities of using Ukrainian job portals to attract staff are evaluated and the dynamics and structure of the labor demand and supply on the most popular ones are analyzed. Recommendations for employers on the effective use of job portals to attract staff that can be implemented in the practice of staff management have been developed. Increasing the efficiency of the use of job portals in attracting staff is possible through its digitalization. Opportunities for attracting different categories of staff and prompt closure of company vacancies depend on the labor market segment, which is covered by individual job portals.
Features of the Ukrainian M&A Market
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Travkina K. V. , Shuba O. А. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at researching the current state and peculiarities of the Ukrainian M&A market. The market of mergers and acquisitions in Ukraine began to form in the 90s of 20th century, that is, the market is relatively young, but already has its own history, which consists of a consistent four stages: privatization; post-privatization; corporate and speculative. The domestic M&A market is characterized by the formation of a tendency to increase the value of agreements. During the research period (2013–2020), the most expensive M&A agreements in Ukraine were most often concluded in such sectors of the economy as communication and media, financial sector, agriculture. The level of transparency remains low, that is, in Ukraine more than 40% of agreements were concluded without disclosing the cost. Ukrainian investors practically do not participate in the purchase of foreign assets within the framework of mergers and acquisitions agreements. Until 2013, the main investor in the Ukrainian M&A market was Europe, now it is the CIS countries, and the participation of American companies is also growing. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on all countries of the world. Ukraine’s GDP decreased by 4.4%, which was the largest drop since 2013–2014. Also in Ukraine significantly decreased the number of agreements on the M&A market (decreased by 15%, and the total value of agreements decreased by 62%). A negative characteristic feature of the domestic M&A market is the presence of raider seizures, which hinders the development of this market. Using the data of the Unified State Register of Court Decisions, we determined that from 500 to 700 raider attacks are recorded annually in Ukraine. Thus, during the research period (2013–2020), 3,242 raider seizures were recorded in Ukraine. In this regard, the government of the country has developed measures to overcome this phenomenon. Thus, in 2020, the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Countering Raiding» came into force, which will contribute to the improvement of the investment attractiveness of the country, will ensure the growth of the domestic market of mergers and acquisitions.
The Purposeful and Ethical Inefficiency of Formal Rules as a Factor in the Spread of Manipulation of Social Sentiment and in Slowing Down the Institutional Reforms
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Abramov F. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at identifying criteria for the feasibility of reforming the formal rules with significant purposeful and ethical inefficiency in the context of spreading the practice of manipulation of social sentiment. It is found that in the structure of formal rules with purposeful or ethical inefficiency, two following components can be allocated: basic formal rules adopted to achieve a specific goal; secondary formal rules that should ensure the proper implementation of the relevant basic formal rules and compensate for their inefficiency. In the absence of manipulation of social sentiment, the main factor that causes the negative impact of formal rules with purposeful or ethical inefficiency on the dynamics of formal rules and the effectiveness of institutional reforms is an increase in the number of secondary formal rules. In contrast, in the context of the spread of the practice of manipulation of social sentiment, the main threats to the success of institutional reforms are: significant inverse asymmetry of basic formal rules; the ability of formal rules with purposeful or ethical inefficiency to independently create conditions that are favorable for the manipulation of social sentiment. It is identified that the feasibility of reforming formal rules characterized by purposeful or ethical inefficiency is determined by whether the relevant formal rules have turned into an instrument for manipulation of social sentiment: in cases where ineffective formal rules have become such an instrument, their reform becomes impractical and should be postponed until the practice of manipulation of social sentiment around issues regulated by these formal rules is eliminated. It is shown that in the context of the spread of the practice of manipulation of social sentiment, an additional criterion for the feasibility of reforming ineffective formal rules is the absence of spread of the practice of manipulation of social sentiment into a range of problems regulated by the relevant ineffective formal rules.
Commercialization of Higher Education: The Balance between Benefits and Risks
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Tymoshenko I. V. , Moroz S. E. ,   Poltava State Agrarian University, Kalashnyk O. V. ,   Poltava State Agrarian University
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at studying the peculiarities of commercialization as a modern global trend in the development of higher education and analyzing the main strategies for reforming universities. The relevance of the publication is due to the reform of the sphere of higher education in Ukraine and the need for competent borrowing of best practices of educational systems from the leading foreign countries. It seems important to find answer to the following question: thanks to which educational model western universities have received significant achievements in all directions of activity? Ambiguous evaluation of commercialization processes both among the Western and Ukrainian academic community causes the expediency of this study. As a result of the study, it is defined that commercialization means the transition of the higher education system to market relations on the basis of the introduction of new management methods that change its position in society, contribute to the capitalization of knowledge and research results. The peculiarities of formation and manifestation of the process of commercialization are determined, among which the most significant are the change in the role of the State in the sphere of education financing, transformation processes in the forms and types of provision of educational services, diversification of the funding sources. The essence of the concepts of «commercialization», «comodification» and «managerism» is identified and characterized, their relationship in the approaches of transformation of educational institutions into institutions for educational services, and students into consumers, is substantiated. The detection of commercialization of higher education in the context of «academic capitalism» is considered. The content and forms of «academic entrepreneurship», tasks and functions of the «entrepreneurial university» are analyzed. It is concluded that the entrepreneurial university is the most financially successful model of the educational institution, which combines modern requirements and traditional values of higher education on the basis of innovative activities. The carried out analysis of scientific articles and researches allowed to identify differences in the process of commercialization in American and European educational systems. Prospects for further research are to study the best world practices of commercialization of higher education institutions and determine approaches to their adaptation and directions of efficient implementation in Ukraine.
Distance Learning in Ukraine: An Analysis of Threats and Challenges
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Panasenko I. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at studying and analyzing the factors influencing the functioning of the education sphere, as well as evaluating the threats, challenges and opportunities for the introduction of distance learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article analyzes the main problems of the education system of Ukraine during the transition to distance learning during the pandemic: lack of a sufficient number of teachers who would have experience in distance learning; problems with digitalization of educational institutions and applicants; lack of access to training facilities and Internet coverage in small towns/rural settlements; extensiveness of remote lessons in time; lack of national guidelines for the organization of distance learning; increasing the level of social tension among both teachers and students; nutritional problems for vulnerable population groups; decrease in academic mobility and others. A SWOT analysis of distance learning in Ukraine in modern conditions was carried out. The presence of weaknesses of distance learning is noted and directions of using the opportunities and advantages of distance education are outlined, i.e.: increasing the level of education of the population as a whole; obtaining education in leading educational institutions; a likely reduction in student migration, which will facilitate an increase in the standard of living of the country’s population. It is noted that distance learning has certain threats – high competition with well-known higher education institutions that have long and successfully offered educational services online; lack of copyright protection mechanisms for developers of distance courses at the State level, etc. Some directions of the State support for distance education in Ukraine are proposed, which, first of all, should include measures to provide educational institutions with computer equipment and modern software, the development of high-quality educational material for use in distance learning, and so on.
Formation of a Culture of Social Digital Responsibility in the Context of Educational Inclusion
Authors:   State University «Odesa Polytechnic», Hutareva Y. V. , Didenko I. S. ,   State University «Odesa Polytechnic», Libenko Y. S. ,   State University «Odesa Polytechnic»
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at describing the formation of a culture of social digital responsibility, taking into account educational inclusion. Statistics and studies on the quantity and quality of personal time spent by the population of the planet on the Internet are analyzed. Analyzing and systematizing the work of various NGOs, scientists and specialists, digital citizenship rules are formed; the issues of digital responsibility, the formation of culture, inclusion in education are considered. In addition, the features that should be taken into account during inclusion in education are defined. The types of personality temperament are also considered; the relationship between the types of tasks for students and the peculiarities of their temperament, world perception and preferences is determined. The means, rules and principles of the culture of social digital responsibility and digital instruments that should be used in educational institutions in conditions of inclusion have been formed, because they help in attracting as many students as possible to the learning process and in easier assimilation of information. It is determined that the modern culture of social digital responsibility in the context of educational inclusion should contain not only the rules of conduct during communication or the use of the world wide web and the means of involving all students in the educational process, but also the basic principles of activity. The main problems of formation of a culture of social digital responsibility in the context of educational inclusion are also specified. The problem of forming a culture of social digital responsibility in the context of educational inclusion contains two components: the problem of digital behavior culture (students/teachers), and the problem of digital learning. The latter outlines the need to create conditions for the conscious perception of educational information by students/pupils, to attract their maximum number to the educational process through the use of effective digital instruments, the development of the authors’ own educational methodological approaches for any form of education (remote/full-time)
Correlation of the Main Indicators of Economic Development of Regions
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Savchyn I. Z. , Tsareva O. S. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: August 2021

The stability of dynamics of economic phenomena in the regional economy is associated with the general level of economic development of the country. The most important studies are based on the results of the analyses of the economy of developed countries. The article formulates conclusions on the relationship between economic differentiation and economic stability, as well as between instability and economic growth. Research of regional development should be based on a comprehensive and comprehensive definition of the management object – the region. Therefore, the authors emphasize that studying the economic development of regions is of particular relevance in modern economic conditions, when decentralization processes are taking place in Ukraine. To study the status of Ukraine’s economy at the regional level, it is proposed to implement a methodology based on the methods of synthesis and gradual specifying. To formalize the results of the practical application of the proposed research methodology, generally accepted indicators of the dynamics of certain directions of the country’s economy development were used. The use of dynamics indicators allowed to identify, on the one hand, long-term tendencies and trends of individual elements, and on the other hand, short-term changes in the processes of economic growth and development. The use of the built regression model can be used in forecasting GDP values per capita within the framework of the regional economic development policy. The authors demonstrate that an analysis of the similarity of dynamics of indicators of the economy of regions (correlation) and the dynamics of results of their economic activity, calculated according to the GRP indicator per capita, should be applied when substantiating the provisions of the regional economic development policy. It is recommended to build the policy of economic development of the regions taking into account the experience of the above-mentioned regions in the sphere of economic development. An interdependence is identified, which indicates an increase in the share of the resource economy and a decrease in the share of the science-intensity economy, the development of which contributes to the welfare of the country’s population.
Upaya Peningkatan Pelayanan Posyandu Citra Saat Pandemi Covid 19 RW 12 Desa Jayaraga Garut
Authors: Rosidin Udin , Eriyani Theresia , Yamin Ahmad , Noor Rohmahalia M
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKKegiatan PPM ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kejadian pandemi covid 19 yang berdampak  kepada pelayanan kesehatan disemua tingkatan, termasuk pelayanan kesehatan di Posyandu Citra RT 04 RW 12 Desa Jayaraga Garut. Pelayanan kesehatan di Posyandu ini tidak bisa melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan setiap bulan. Ibu yang memiliki bayi balita tidak datang ke posyandu walaupun dijinkan untuk membuka pelayanan selama dua bulan. Melihat kondisi tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan di Posyandu Citra saat pandemi Covid 19. Metode kegiatan yang dilaksanakan diawali dengan persiapan sosial, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil kegiatan PPM ini adalah tetap melakukan pelayanan kesehatan selama dua bulan dan melakukan kunjungan pada bayi balita yang tidak datang dibulan tersebut, melakukan pemeiksaan tekanan darah bagi masyarakat sekitar dan melakukan gerakan kebersihan bersama masyarakat di sekitar lokasi posyandu Citra. Diharapkan dari kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dalam bidang kesehatan.Kata Kunci : Covid 19, Peningkatan Pelayanan, Posyandu. ABSTRACT This PPM activity was motivated by the Covid 19 pandemic which had an impact on health services at all levels, including health services at Posyandu Citra RT 04 RW 12 Desa Jayaraga Garut. Health services at this Posyandu cannot provide health services every month. Mothers who have babies under five do not come to the posyandu even though they are allowed to open the service for two months. Seeing this condition will affect public health problems. This activity aims to improve health services at Posyandu Citra during the Covid 19 pandemic. The method of activities carried out begins with social preparation, implementation, and evaluation of activities. The results of this PPM activity are continuing to provide health services for two months and making visits to infants who do not come this month, conducting blood pressure checks for the surrounding community, and conducting hygiene movements with the community around the Posyandu Citra location. It is hoped that this activity can increase community participation in the health sector. Keywords: Covid 19, Service Improvement, Posyandu.
Simple Accounting For Surabaya's SMEs From Accounting Equations To Financial Statements
Authors: Ghofirin Mohammad , Wahyuningtyas Endah Tri
Published: August 2021

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been recognized as very strategic and important not only for economic growth but also for equitable distribution of income. So far, SMEs are still facing the problem of low-quality human resources, including in terms of business accounting. This Community Service (Pengmas) aims to increase the understanding of the business community in preparing SMEs financial reports using simple accounting techniques. This community service was attended by women in Family Welfare Empowerment or Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) who have SMEs in Wonokromo Sub-district, Surabaya, totaling 79 people. The service method used is in the form of education where the partner group (PKK) is given simple accounting knowledge. The results of community service show that the understanding of PKK women in Wonokromo Sub-district, Surabaya regarding simple accounting for SMEs has increased.
Traditional Games as a Tools for Increasing Students' Motor Skills and Effort to Preserve The National Culture
Authors: Jarwo Sujarwo , Sudardiyono Sudardiyono , Yuliarto Hari Yuliarto , Yudanto Yudanto
Published: August 2021

Teachers have difficulty understanding the material about traditional games and sports (TSG). A preliminary study showed that some kindergarten teachers had not received material about TSG, so they are tough to implement them. Training on traditional games helps teachers to reintroduce and socialize them in schools. This community service method was material presentation and discussions using a website seminar (webinar) through the zoom application on 40 kindergarten teachers in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. The results showed that the mean/average difference in teacher comprehension before and after community service was 68.50 and 85.75, respectively. There was an increase in the teacher's understanding that traditional games can improve children's motor skills and make an effort to preserve the nation's ancestors' heritage. The conclusion shows that most Kindergarten teachers can understand the concept and application of traditional games to increase fine and gross motor skills of kindergarten students and indirectly maintain ancestral culture to strengthen the nation.
Teachers have difficulty understanding the material about traditional games and sports (TSG). A preliminary study showed that some kindergarten teachers had not received material about TSG, so they are tough to implement them. Training on traditional games helps teachers to reintroduce and socialize them in schools. This community service method was material presentation and discussions using a website seminar (webinar) through the zoom application on 40 kindergarten teachers in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. The results showed that the mean/average difference in teacher comprehension before and after community service was 68.50 and 85.75, respectively. There was an increase in the teacher's understanding that traditional games can improve children's motor skills and make an effort to preserve the nation's ancestors' heritage. The conclusion shows that most Kindergarten teachers can understand the concept and application of traditional games to increase fine and gross motor skills of kindergarten students and indirectly maintain ancestral culture to strengthen the nation.
EXPERIENCED ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE FULFILLMENT OF ONE-PAGE LESSON PLAN PRINCIPLES AT SMAN 1 SINGARAJA
Authors: Januarta Putu Agus , Utami Lokita Purnamika , Utami Ida Ayu Made Istri
Published: August 2021

Abstract: This research aims at analyzing the experienced English teachers’ perspectives on the fulfillment of one-page lesson plan principles at SMAN 1 Singaraja. The research design used a case study qualitative approach. The research subjects were 2 experienced English teachers. The data collection procedure used in this study was an in-depth interview. The instruments of data collection procedure used was interview guides. The results revealed that the experienced English teachers’ perspectives were positive as the teachers believed that the one-page lesson plan was more efficient, effective, and more student-oriented so that the teachers could make simple lesson plan easily. These results showed that the principles of developing the one-page lesson plan have been implemented well based on the Circular Letter Number 14 of 2019 concerning Simplification of the Lesson Plan. Besides, the policy on the simplification of lesson plan needs to be maintained as it gains positive responses from the experienced English teachers.
Keywords: perspectives, one-page lesson plan princples, experienced teachers
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif guru bahasa Inggris berpengalaman tentang pemenuhan prinsip RPP satu halaman di SMAN 1 Singaraja. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Subjek penelitian adalah 2 orang guru bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman. Prosedur pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam. Instrumen prosedur pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perspektif guru bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman adalah positif karena guru tersebut meyakini bahwa RPP satu halaman lebih efisien, efektif, dan lebih berorientasi pada siswa sehingga guru tersebut dapat membuat RPP yang sederhana dengan mudah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip penyusunan RPP satu halaman telah dilaksanakan dengan baik sesuai dengan Surat Edaran Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyederhanaan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Selain itu, kebijakan penyederhanaan RPP ini perlu dipertahankan karena mendapat respon positif dari para guru bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman.
Kata Kunci: perspektif, prinsip RPP satu halaman, guru berpengalaman
THE NOVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVES TOWARDS ONE-PAGE LESSON PLAN PRINCIPLES AT SMP LABORATORIUM UNDIKSHA SINGARAJA
Authors: Novitasari Ni Luh Ayu , Purnamika I.G.A Lokita , Suputra Putu Eka Dambayana
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the novice English teachers' perspectives on the one-page lesson plan principles at SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja. A case study qualitative design was used in this study. This study's data collection method included in-depth interviews to understand the novice teachers' perspectives. The subjects were two novice English teachers at SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja. The result showed the novice English teachers agreed one-page lesson plan is more efficient, effective, and students' oriented. However, novice English teachers had different perspectives for gathering students' information about the students' readiness, interests, and needs. This study implies that this one-page lesson plan policy needs to be sustained due to the English teachers' positive response.
Keywords: Novice teachers; One-page lesson plan; Perspectives.
 
Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif dari guru bahasa Inggris baru mengenai prinsip – prinsip RPP satu halaman di SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan interview mendalam untuk memahami perspektif para guru baru bahasa Inggris lebih mendalam. Subjek penelitian ini menggunakan dua guru bahasa Inggris baru di SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para guru bahasa Inggris baru setuju bahwa RPP satu halaman lebih efisien, efektif dan berorientasi pada siswa. Walaupun demikian, para guru bahasa Inggris baru tersebut memiliki perbedaan perspektif didalam mengumpulkan informasi mengenai kesiapan, ketertarikan, dan kebutuhan belajar siswa mereka. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peraturan RPP satu halaman harus tetap digunakan secara berkelanjutan karena respon positif dari para guru bahasa Inggris baru tersebut.
Kata kunci: Guru baru; Perspektif; RPP satu halaman.
Effect of Caulerpa Cylindracea Extract on Histopathology Depiction of Male Rattus Norvegicus Gaster Mucosa Induced by Indomethacin
Authors: HANDAJANI FITRI , Hidayatullah Adya , Pranitasari Nita
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: A lot of food can repair gastric mucosal damage. For example, sea grapes or the Caulerpa cylindracea with its flavonoid content. Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effect can reduce gastric lesions due to ulcerogenic agents. Indomethacin is used to induce gastric ulcers in experimental animals. Based on this background, this study was conducted to analyze the effect of Caulerpa cylindracea extract, on the histopathological picture of gastric mucosal damage of Rattus norvegicus male rats.
 
Method: 32 male Rattus norvegicus rats were divided into 4 groups, (1) Group K(-), the untreated group, (2) Group K(+) induced by indomethacin 30mg/kgBB per head (3) Group P1 induced by indomethacin 30 mg/kgBB and Caulerpa cylindracea extract 1gr/100grBB per head, (4) Group P2, induced by indometacin 30mg/kgBB and 2gr/100grBB of Caulerpa cylindracea extract per head.
 
Result: There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the degree of gastric mucosal damage in group K(+) given only indomethacin and group P1 given Indomethacin and 1gr/100grBB Caulerpa cylindracea extract. There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between group K(+) and group P2 that given Indomethacin and 2g/100grBB Caulerpa cylindracea extract. There was a significant difference (p = 0.004) between group P1 and group P2. Data revealed on group K(-) without any treatment did not obtain significant results (p = 0.060) with group P2. 
 
Conclusion: Giving Caulerpa cylindracea extract with 1 gr/100grBB dose and 2gr/100grBB dose can repair mucosal damage in Rattus norvegicus male rats induced by indomethacin.
The Effect of High Dose Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on Proinflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19
Authors: - MD Ayu Mira Cyntia Dewi
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID-19 is a new pandemic that has claimed many lives in many countries. This pandemic was caused by the SARSCoV2. Until now, there is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine against Covid-19 for potential therapy in humans. This virus can cause cytokine storms which can worsen symptoms in sufferers due to an imbalance between increased oxidant production and available antioxidants. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that protects the body from various bad effects of free radicals. At high concentrations vitamin C plays an important role in immunomodulation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of high doses of vitamin C on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Covid-19.
Method: This research type is literature study. The population in this study were journals about Covid-19, vitamin C, antioxidants and free radicals, inflammatory reactions due to viral infections with samples taken from indexed journals published from 2015 to 2020. There are also clinical trials of high doses of vitamin C against inflammation in Covid-19 from these journals.
Results: The results of the study in a clinical trial conducted on 54 patients enrolled in 3 hospitals given a 1: 1 ratio for high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) or placebo administration. The HDIVC group received 12 g of vitamin C / 50 ml every 12 hours for 7 days at a rate of 12 ml / hour, and the placebo group received bacteriostatic water for injection in the same way. HDIVC administration showed a reduction in inflammatory markers compared to placebo.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that high doses of vitamin C play a role in reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
Adequacy, utilization and repayment of society for social service credit on poor women of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh
Authors: Fakir Ashraful Alam , Islam Syful , Islam Md Shofiqul , Hoque Md Ashraful , Toma Nowrin Islam
Published: August 2021

The present study was an attempt to assess adequacy, utilization and repayment of Society for Social Service (SSS) credit on women beneficiaries. Interviewing 90 respondents randomly selected from five villages of Gouripur upazila of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. The study revealed that both annual income and expenditure of the respondent households have increased after joining the micro credit program of SSS. Average annual income of agriculture and petty business enterprises are Tk. 80726.57 and 74864.14 respectively while average annual expenditure of agriculture and petty business enterprises are Tk. 78776.65 and 67912.37 respectively. Overall annual savings of agriculture and petty business enterprises are Tk. 3733.25 and 8475.09 respectively. Moreover, the women are better at present in respect of social awareness, freedom of attitude, financial freedom and also exercising their right in decision making activities. The study identified some crucial problems such as lack of adequate credit, high rate of interest, burden of old debt, lack of storage and marketing facilities, lack of improved seeds/breed and low price of their products, etc. The findings suggest that the amount of credit should be provided in accordance with their requirement, reduced interest rate and arranging for reasonable price of their products. Finally it was concluded that the SSS credit program benefited the women beneficiaries in respect of increasing income, creating self-employment opportunity, improving social status and at least in reducing the poverty from the study area.
Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (1), 1-10
Antibiotic resistance and residue in chicken, cattle, buffalo and goat meats in different southern districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Matubber Bidyut , Rume Farzana Islam , Hoque Kayesh Mohammad Enamul , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur , Amin Mohammad Rohul , Asgar Md Ali , Anower AKM Mostafa
Published: August 2021

The presence of antibiotic residue in chicken and animal meats is a serious threat to human health due to its harmful effects. This study aimed at identifying the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates as well as antibiotic residues in chicken, cattle, buffalo and goat meats in different southern districts of Bangladesh. A total of 205 meat samples, including 70 chicken meat, 60 cattle meat, 50 buffalo meat and 25 goat meat were aseptically collected and analysed for the detection of antibiotic residues by thin layer chromatography and the isolates obtained from these samples were subjected to antibiogram study against 16 commonly used antibiotics. The isolates found in this study were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. and their prevalence were 37.5% (77/205), 22.1% (48/205), 29.7% (61/205), 8.7% (19/205), respectively. The isolates showed different degrees of sensitivity to the antibiotics used in the study. The most resistant phenotype was against cefradine, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, and enrofloxacin. 18.5% (38/205) meat samples were found to be positive for antibiotic residues and the highest prevalence was observed in chicken meat compared to other meat types. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that it is important to take controlling measures for the emergence of antibiotic resistance and also for ensuring healthy meats for human consumption.
Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (1), 19-26
The Immunity Question before the International Criminal Court: Revisiting African Sovereignty and the Colonial Origins of International Law
Authors: Mushoriwa Linda
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the contentious issue of Head of State of immunity before the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the context of the historical link between the colonial confrontation of the nineteenth century and the development of the doctrines of state sovereignty and immunity. It examines the philosophical underpinnings of the immunity in international criminal law debate and concludes that a clear understanding of the role that colonialism played in the development of international law is pivotal to understanding the concerns raised by the African Union and individual African leaders regarding the indictment of African leaders by the ICC.
Aspirational Principles in African Federalism: South Africa, Ethiopia and Nigeria Compared
Authors: Arban Erika , Dirri Adriano
Published: August 2021

Finding a balance between diversity and social cohesion is a common concern in constitutional design: in divided societies, such a balance has often been sought through federalism. But the need to reconcile diversity and social cohesion can also be addressed through aspirational values embedded in a constitution. In fact, constitutions may entrench fundamental principles directing policies to foster equality, eliminate obstacles or require the different tiers of government to collaborate harmoniously in the performance of their functions. In exploring solidarity between different communities and cooperative government in South Africa, ethnicity as foundational value in Ethiopia, and the federal character in Nigeria, this article offers a comparative account of the three most important federations in Africa to assess how their constitutions reconcile diversity and social cohesion through aspirational principles related to federalism.
The Distinction between Real Rights and Personal Rights in the Deeds Registration System of South Africa – Part One: Statutory and Theoretical Distinction between Real Rights and Personal Rights
Authors: Badenhorst P. J.
Published: August 2021

Real rights in respect of land are registrable in the deeds registration system of South Africa, while personal rights may not be registered. The Deeds Registries Act 47 of 1937, which allows an open system of real rights, does not define real rights and personal rights properly, and does not draw a distinction between such rights. In this article in two parts the view is expressed that the nature of these rights is determined by distinguishing real rights from personal rights, especially in terms of the doctrine of subjective rights, and by distinguishing between ownership and limited real rights by application of the subtraction from the dominium test (as supplemented by the intention test). Both fundamental distinctions are founded in the South African common law and still form the basis for a modern theory of real rights.
Neutrino masses and interactions and neutrino experiments in the laboratory
Authors: Šimkovic F
Published: August 2021

The atomic nucleus offers a unique opportunity to study fundamental properties and interactions of neutrinos. The main subjects of interest are the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), mass hierarchy, the absolute scale of neutrino masses, and possible additional sterile neutrinos. In this review, recent progress in the field of laboratory measurements of fundamental properties of neutrinos is briefly presented.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Anak Sekolah Dasar tentang Dampak Jajan Sembarangan Bagi Kesehatan
Authors: Devriany Ade
Published: August 2021

Kebiasaan jajan sembarangan pada anak-anak memiliki risiko serta dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan. Bagi anak yang tidak terbiasa makan pagi, makanan jajanan berfungsi sebagai makanan yang pertama kali masuk ke saluran pencernaan, sehingga jajanan menjadi penting artinya. Namun, diketahui banyak kandungan zat kimia pada jajanan yang bertentangan dengan tubuh seperti boraks, formalin, MSG. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa SD tentang kandungan zat kimia dalam jajanan tersebut serta bahaya yang ditimbulkannya bagi kesehatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi. Penyampaian materi melalui video animasi dan permainan tentang akibat jajan sembarangan dan cara memilih jajanan sehat. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian pre-test, terdapat 51,95% siwa-siswa dengan tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup dan 48,05% dengan kategori pengetahuan yang baik. Setelah mendapatkan penyuluhan, post-test meningkat yaitu 7,79% peserta dengan kategori pengetahuan cukup paham, 50,64% pengetahuan yang baik dan 41,57% sangat baik. Kesimpulannya bahwa penyuluhan tentang bahaya dan dampak jajan sembarangan dapat dimengerti oleh peserta. Dengan demikian, diharapkan peran serta aktif pihak sekolah terutama bagi siswa dalam pencegahan jajan sembarangan dapat menjadi lebih baik agar kejadian penyakit akibat jajan sembarangan dapat dikurangi.
Pathogenicity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Pythium, Globisporangium, and Fusarium Isolates From Coconut Coir and Rockwool in Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) Production
Authors: McGehee Cora S. , Raudales Rosa E.
Published: August 2021

Oomycetes and fungi were recovered from coconut coir and rockwool substrates where marijuana (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Silver and Citron) plants with root rot and wilt symptoms were grown in a commercial growing facility in Connecticut. The objectives of this study were to identify the isolates collected from these substrates, determine the pathogenicity of the isolates on hemp seedlings in vitro and in vivo, and evaluate the pathogens' sensitivity to mefenoxam. Pythium and Globisporangium isolates were identified by sequencing the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome oxidase genes (COI and COII) and Fusarium sp. with the translation elongation factor (EF-1α) region and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS4 and ITS5) genes. Three isolates were identified as Globisporangium irregulare (formerly Pythium irregulare), 21 isolates were Pythium myriotylum, and one was Fusarium oxysporum. All the isolates tested were pathogenic to hemp plants in vitro and in vivo, with disease incidence between 6.7 and 100%. Inoculated plants were smaller by 32% or more compared with the non-inoculated control. On average, hemp plants infected with Pythium myriotylum produced the lowest biomass and relative greenness values. None of the Pythium and Globisporangium isolates were resistant to mefenoxam—all were sensitive to ≥5 μg·mL−1 mefenoxam. This is the first report of G. irregulare causing root rot on marijuana and hemp plants. The results of this study provide information about the characteristics of pathogens that can be found potentially in soilless substrates in controlled environment agriculture.