bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data mining the Cambridge Structural Database for hydrate–anhydrate pairs with SMILES strings
Authors: Werner Jen E. , Swift Jennifer A.
Published: March 2020

A search method based on SMILES string matching was developed to identify hydrate–anhydrate structure pairs in the Cambridge Structure Database.
Manifestation of fluorophore segmental motion in carbon dots in steady-state fluorescence experiments
Authors: Starukhin A. N. , Nelson D. K. , Eurov D. A. , Kurdyukov D. A. , Golubev V. G.
Published: March 2020

Perrin plot of carbon dots in aqueous glycerol solutions of different viscosity at T = 298 K.
Heterogeneous iron–nickel compound/RGO composites with tunable microwave absorption frequency and ultralow filler loading
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Jiang Zhiyang , Si Haoxu , Zhang Xuefeng , Liu Caixia , Gong Chunhong , Zhang Yahong , Zhang Jingwei
Published: March 2020

Heterogeneous iron–nickel compound/reduced graphene oxide composites were fabricated to obtain lightweight and high-efficiency microwave absorption materials with tunable absorption frequency.
A quantum mechanical study of dehydrationvs.decarbonylation of formamide catalysed by amorphous silica surfaces
Authors: Pantaleone Stefano , Salvini Clara , Zamirri Lorenzo , Signorile Matteo , Bonino Francesca , Ugliengo Piero
Published: March 2020

Towards life: production of HCN, the key molecule for DNA/RNA bases, from formamide decomposition catalysed by amorphous silica.
Phenoxazinone synthase-like catalytic activity of novel mono- and tetranuclear copper(ii) complexes with 2-benzylaminoethanol
Authors: Nesterova Oksana V. , Bondarenko Olena E. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Nesterov Dmytro S.
Published: March 2020

Three novel copper coordination compounds bearing aminoalcohol and carboxylate ligands have been synthesized and applied for mild aerobic oxidation ofo-aminophenol to the phenoxazinone chromophore.
Combating metastasis of breast cancer cells with a carboplatin analogue containing an all-trans retinoic acid ligand
Authors: Dai Yi , Huang Hai , Zhu Yang , Cheng Junjie , Shen Ai-Zong , Liu Yangzhong
Published: March 2020

Pt-ATRA, a carboplatin analogue containing an all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) derivative ligand, was synthesizedviaa click reaction. Pt-ATRA demonstrates dual function by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumor metastasis.
Spin crossover in 2D iron(ii) phthalazine cyanometallic complexes
Authors: Hiiuk Volodymyr M. , Shova Sergiu , Rotaru Aurelian , Golub Alexander A. , Fritsky Igor O. , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: March 2020

Two new spin-crossover analogues of Hofmann clathrates based on a bicyclic ligand phthalazine have been synthesized.
Bioinspired design of an artificial peroxidase: introducing key residues of native peroxidases into F43Y myoglobin with a Tyr-heme cross-link
Authors: Liao Fei , Xu Jia-Kun , Luo Jie , Gao Shu-Qin , Wang Xiao-Juan , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: March 2020

An artificial peroxidase was rationally designed in F43Y Mb with a Tyr-heme cross-link by further introduction of key residues (Arg/Trp) in native peroxidase, which exhibited an activity comparable to the most efficient native HRP.
Emerging investigator series: carbon electrodes are effective for the detection and reduction of hexavalent chromium in water
Authors: Stern Callie M. , Hayes Darius W. , Kgoadi Lebogang O. , Elgrishi Noémie
Published: March 2020

Electrochemical methods using carbon electrodes are an attractive option for the detection and reduction of toxic Cr(vi) to benign Cr(iii) in drinking water.
Constructing PPy-encapsulated needle-like Fe2O3 nanoarrays on carbon cloth as electro-Fenton cathodes for high efficiency roxarsone degradation
Authors: Xu Jianjun , Hu Miao , Wang Feng , Ding Yu , Wang Li
Published: March 2020

The utilization of PPy@N-Fe2O3@CC as a cathode of electro-Fenton system could enhance the degradation rate of roxarsone and avoid iron leaching at pH 4.0.
Stabilizing CuGaS2 by crystalline CdS through an interfacial Z-scheme charge transfer for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction under visible light
Authors: Wu Shimiao , Pang Hong , Zhou Wei , Yang Baopeng , Meng Xianguang , Qiu Xiaoqing , Chen Gen , Zhang Ligang , Wang Shengyao , Liu Xiaohe , Ma Renzhi , Ye Jinhua , Zhang Ning
Published: March 2020

A Z-scheme type CuGaS2/CdS hybrid has played a key role in the suppression of CuGaS2 photocorrsion and maintained exceptional activity.
Preparation of cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) films from copolymers with benzoxaborole and carboxylic acid groups, and their degradability in an oxidizing environment
Authors: Hakuto Nao , Saito Katsuya , Kirihara Masayuki , Kotsuchibashi Yohei
Published: March 2020

Functionalized PVA films were prepared from copolymers with benzoxaborole and carboxyl groups.
Direct synthesis of annulated indoles through palladium-catalyzed double alkylations
Authors: Gao Yadong , Li Jianhua , Bai Songlin , Tu Daoquan , Yang Chao , Ye Zhiwen , Hu Bingcheng , Qi Xiangbing , Jiang Chao
Published: March 2020

A facile, one-step synthesis of annulated indoles from (N–H) indoles and dibromoalkanes was developed through a palladium-catalyzed double alkylation process.
Enhanced SNP-sensing using DNA-templated reactions through confined hybridization of minimal substrates (CHOMS)
Authors: Kim Ki Tae , Winssinger Nicolas
Published: March 2020

Confined hybridization of a minimal substrate: striking the right balance between specificity and turnover
Co nanoparticles combined with nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon anchored on carbon fibers as a self-standing air electrode for flexible zinc–air batteries
Authors: Chen Yangshen , Zhang Wenhui , Zhu Zeyu , Zhang Lulu , Yang Jiayi , Chen Huanhuan , Zheng Bing , Li Sheng , Zhang Weina , Wu Jiansheng , Huo Fengwei
Published: March 2020

The flexible Co@NPCFs composites can provide rich active sites for electrocatalysis and are able to capture oxygen and desorb the OH− during the discharging and charging processes of ZABs.
Waterproof perovskites: high fluorescence quantum yield and stability from a methylammonium lead bromide/formate mixture in water
Authors: Khan Yeasin , Ahn Yohan , Lee Hyuna , Jeong Jaeki , Shin Yun Seop , Lee Je Seung , Kwon Jang Hyuk , Kim Jin Young , Kim Hoon Sik , Seo Jung Hwa , Walker Bright
Published: March 2020

We’ve observed intense, water-stable fluorescence from lead formate crystals when they are precipitated from a CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) perovskite precursor solution.
Numerical simulation and data analysis of the 23 July 2012 SEP event observed by ACE, STEREO-A, and STEREO-B
Authors: Qin G. , Qi S.-Y.
Published: March 2020

An extremely powerful, superfast interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) from the Sun on 23 July 2012 was detected by widely separated multiple spacecraft, namely STEREO-A, STEREO-B, and ACE, together with the ICME-driven shock and associated solar energetic particles (SEPs). We use the Parker spiral magnetic field model to analyze the relationship between the propagation of the shock and the SEP flux. Furthermore, we simulate the SEP event by numerically solving the three-dimensional focused transport equation of SEPs considering the shock as the moving source of energetic particles. To deal with the fact that protons and electrons behave completely differently for both parallel and perpendicular diffusion, for simplicity, we use the same diffusion model format for the simulations of protons and electrons but with different parameters. We find that the analysis can qualitatively explain the important features of the SEP flux observed by the multiple spacecraft simultaneously. In addition, the numerical results for both energetic protons and electrons approximately agree with multi-spacecraft observations.
Density and temperature of cosmic-web filaments on scales of tens of megaparsecs
Authors: Tanimura H. , Aghanim N. , Bonjean V. , Malavasi N. , Douspis M.
Published: March 2020

We studied physical properties of matter in 24 544 filaments ranging from 30 to 100 Mpc in length, identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We stacked the Comptonizationymap produced by the Planck Collaboration around the filaments, excluding the resolved galaxy groups and clusters above a mass of ∼3 × 1013 M⊙. We detected the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich signal for the first time at a significance of 4.4σin filamentary structures on such a large scale. We also stacked thePlanckcosmic microwave background lensing convergence map in the same manner and detected the lensing signal at a significance of 8.1σ. To estimate physical properties of the matter, we considered an isothermal cylindrical filament model with a density distribution following aβ-model (β= 2/3). Assuming that the gas distribution follows the dark matter distribution, we estimate that the central gas and matter overdensityδand gas temperatureTeareδ= 19.0−12.1+27.3andTe= 1.4−0.4+0.4× 106K, which results in a measured baryon fraction of 0.080−0.051+0.116× Ωb.
The effect of ecological factors on a cardiovascular system of children
Authors: Tuleukhanov Sultan , Abdrassulova Zhanna , Salybekova Nurdana , Alpamyssova Gulzhaina , Kenshilik Arina
Published: March 2020

This study provides examination of cardiovascular system of children who live in Ust-Kamenogorsk, mainly in its environmentally polluted areas as industrial zones and Ulbinsk region. The work focused on studying the age and gender characteristics of the cardio vascular system in children living in environmentally unfavorable conditions of Ust-Kamenogorsk. The study highlighted the role of contamination into the development of many diseases that affect cardiovascular system of children in various age categories. The features of cardiorespiratory system were evaluated by methods of pneumotachometry, variational pulsometry, electrocardiography, Holter daily monitoring of electrocardiography. There was detected a gradual increase in sympathetic regulation of heart rate in boys and humoral regulation in girls aged 9-12 years. It was shown that the resistance of children’s organism to the harmful environmental effects depend on their constitutional features. The increased level of stress also affects the well-being of children, as caused by the unfavourable conditions. The method of daily ECG monitoring revealed an increase in the frequency of elevation ST segment, to a lesser extent its depression, so the incidence of bradycardia is more often than tachycardia.
The partnership of governments for sustainable development
Authors: Dauliyeva Galiya , Yeraliyeva Aruzhan , Sadykhanova Gulnara , Bimendiyeva Laila
Published: March 2020

Partnership of government and business is an important tool to drive change to more responsible and sustainable development. This type of partnership can help to solve some problems as market failures, governance gaps and trust deficits that prevent the acceleration of business engagement in sustainable development. They can also become a base for coordinating different actions of numerous actors and for building mutually reinforcing linkages between differentspheres for sustainable development.The article offers diverse ways to businesses and governmentfor building better partnership: realizing the benefits of partnership of government and business in supporting sustainable development; raising the level of investment and innovation in sustainable development; reaching transformation of this kind of partnership to work better for people and the environment; and building mutual trust and responsibility between government and business.
Growth Regulators for Viable Production in Conditions of Formation the Responsible International Cooperation
Authors: Calinescu Tetyana , Zelenko Olena
Published: March 2020

Scientific and applied discussion of different approaches to socio-economic development in different societies in the face of world challenges led to formulate such a research goal as a justification of viable production regulators, to recommend the development of other alternatives at all management levels. The methodological basis of the study were the methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special methods, techniques used in the justification of production and cooperation regulators. This research made possibility to define the following viability regulators as: the level of knowledge gained, the integration level of the country and its industries for international cooperation; achieving balance in the internal and external environment in terms of profitability and socio-economic well-being and establishing a social dialogue. The methodological approaches used to identify modern regulators of the production viability have a broad applied aspect of application in various national economy sectors and are original in terms of their use in conditions of responsible international cooperation in Ukraine. The definition of economic growth targets in Ukraine should be based on: human capital sustainable development; formation of effective communications at all government levels in order to synchronize the actions and changes in the development of responsible international cooperation.
Importance of state regulation of the tourism industry In the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Lipkova Ludmila , Madiyarova Ainur , Blembayeva Aigerim
Published: March 2020

Tourism is a complex, highly profitable cross-industry complex and is one of the main sectors of the world economy. It is recognized as one of the most effective tools for supporting and stimulating the development of local, regional and national economies in many countries of the world.

Often, tourism proved to be a lever in different countries, the use of which made it possible to improve the entire national economy of the country. In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in shaping the gross domestic product, creating additional jobs and employment, and activating the foreign trade balance. Tourism has a huge impact on such key sectors of the economy as transport and communications, construction, agriculture, production of consumer goods, and others, i.e. it acts as a kind of catalyst for social and economic development.

The experience of foreign countries shows that it is possible to achieve competitiveness in the world tourism market by developing new forms of economic integration between the state, tourism business and the country’s population. Therefore, the formation and creation of favorable conditions for the effective functioning of tourist clusters is one of the priorities of the state tourism policy of Kazakhstan.
The fourth industrial revolution: personnel, business and state
Authors: Genkin Eugene , Filin Sergey , Velikorossov Vladimir , Kydyrova Zhamilya , Anufriyev Kirill
Published: March 2020

The solved tasks are to develop recommendations for combining industry 4.0 technologies with the reduction of less qualified personnel due to their use while maximizing (keeping) of the efficiency of the organization’s activities. The novelty is the justification for the need to use strategic methodological approaches for design and development of new value proposals and business models in the organization for the strategically effective use of Industry 4.0 technologies and management of highly qualified personnel. The main characteristics, basic technologies and the strategic role of Industry 4.0, as well as its impact on business and working conditions of employees and the state as a whole, are analyzed. The model of changes in the role of labor when using “digital” capital is analyzed. A full-fledged entry into Industry 4.0 will contribute to various structural and balance changes in the socio-economic sphere, while the main transformations will be subject to the traditional life of a person, his values, beliefs and, ultimately, the conditions of existence. Despite the fact that robotics in the course of Industry 4.0 to replace the individual, the human labour in specific segments will be necessary. Work is also necessary for the development of the individual, both culturally and psychologically.
Features of Introducing Blockchain Technology in Digital Economy Developing Conditions in Uzbekistan
Authors: Muminova Elnorakhon , Honkeldiyeva Guzal , Kurpayanidi Konstantin , Akhunova Shokhistakhon , Hamdamova Sevarakhon
Published: March 2020

The article presents blockchain technology for developing national digital economy, efficiency of digitalization and basic principles of digitalization, and a set of blocks requiring material resources. The purpose of the article is to study features of digital economy development and propose application of blockchain technology in national economy sphere. Research methods: The instrumental and methodical apparatus of research based on application, in framework of a systematic approach, general scientific research methods. Implementing blockchain technology in financial system at micro-macro degrees, insurance system, system of government, electron trade system, industrial system, intellectual property account system, education system, health care system was analyzed in this article. Organizing in perfect way the operations to implement the digital economy in Uzbekistan, and develop and establish large financial projects at the state level, moreover, illustrated in details importance of using blockchain technology in national economy industries while developing and establishing large financial projects at the state level.
Analysis of tourism potential and ecological tourism development in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mutaliyeva Lyailya , Kurmanov Nurlan , Akisheva Aruana
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the tourism potential and ecological tourism development in Kazakhstan on the example of the Kostanay region. To analyze the consumers of tourism products and services in the region, a sociological survey was conducted to determine the preferences of local residents. The aim of this study is to determine the interests, potential and attitude of the domestic market to the ecological tourism development in Kazakhstan. According to the results, it was revealed that the Kostanay region’s natural and historical sights has a rich potential for cultural and natural heritage. However, in the region there are problems of the further ecological tourism development: underdeveloped tourism infrastructure; the lack of systematic measures for the tourism development by the state body; problems with training for the industry.
Welfare as an indicator of quality of life of the population
Authors: Assilova Aizhan , Baimakhambetova Gulnara , Mukhametzhanova Zhanar , Mukasheva Akmaral
Published: March 2020

National welfare refers to very complex manifestations of socio-economic reality that require the identification of qualitative certainty by determining its properties, elements and structure. The development of national welfare as a multi-faceted and objective process requires an expanded theoretical and methodological approach to its research, integrating Western and domestic welfare theories, taking into account the interrelated transformation of the categories of individual, economic and social welfare, material and national wealth, and the level and quality of life. The article discusses theoretical comments on the concept of welfare and the importance of improving it. This article defines the main factors of socio-economic inequality, fully classified depending on the scope of impact on the macro level, micro level, individual level, depending on the economic, social, geographical, political, demographic, and psychological levels. The risks that occurred at a low level of welfare are described in detail. Establishing the relationship of the categorical apparatus in the system of improving the welfare of the population allowed us to Supplement the concept of the welfare of the population. At the present stage, the main threats to reduce the welfare of the population in Kazakhstan have been identified. The article discusses the importance of achieving the general welfare of citizens and overcoming poverty in the development strategy of modern states. The main conclusions of the article can be used to further study the categorical apparatus of welfare, as well as to develop proposals for improving the mechanisms of its increase.
Analysis of the financial stability of the Kazakhstan’s economy
Authors: Kurbanova Karlygash , Mukhametzhanova Zhanar , Saparbayev Abdizhapar , Supugalieva Gulnazym
Published: March 2020

The article provides an analysis of the financial stability of Kazakhstan’s economy. It was revealed that in our country, the presence of rich common resources and stable economic policy led to the formation of a favourable investment structure in the country and, as a result, to the rapid development of the national economy and the industrial sector. The article also considers the key risks and forecasts of the social and economic development of Kazakhstan for the coming years and their scenario forecasts for the further development of the republic. The goals of sustainable development are given separately in the article both in Kazakhstan and in the world according to online resources, in particular newspapers, and to the sources of the UN Development Program in the field of sustainable development. In general, the types of industry in Kazakhstan are also reflected: ferrous metallurgy (12.5%), non-ferrous metallurgy (12%), gas industry, chemical industry, textile industry (0,2%), engineering (8%), production of building materials, oil and oil refining industry, light industry (4%), food industry, fuel and energy complex. Kazakhstan is also a world leader in uranium production.
Development opportunities of islamic finance in Kazakhstan: world experience and perspectives
Authors: Oralbaeva Zhanar , Dzhakisheva Orazgul , Kurbanova Karlygash , Naukanova Assiya
Published: March 2020

An increase in demand for alternative financial services contributes to the growing importance of Islamic finance for a part of the international financial market, which represents for Kazakhstan a viable and sustainable sphere of capital investment in times of crisis to diversify risks. The article reveals the features of functioning of Islamic banks, highlights the main tools of Islamic finance, highlights the development of Islamic finance in foreign countries, including Arab countries, European countries and the United States. The author analyzes the key stages of the development of Islamic finance in Kazakhstan and highlights the problems that impede its full implementation. The recommendations aimed at the development of Islamic instruments in the framework of the Kazakhstani economy are presented. In conclusion, it is concluded that the state is the main institution on whose actions the further functioning of Islamic finance in Kazakhstan depends.
Impact of tax competition on fiscal incomes of Kazakhstan in terms of tax competitive environment
Authors: Shakbutova Aliya , Saparbayev Abdizhapar , Stanislaw Popek , Makulova Aiymzhan , Nurmukhan Aigerim
Published: March 2020

International tax competition requires tax reforms from all countries in the world. To meet international standards, countries use different methods to attract resources to their economies. Fierce tax competition in the world has prompted Kazakhstan to significantly liberalize the tax system, reduce the number of taxes and their rates for the main types of taxes, and simplify tax registration procedures, tax accounting and tax reporting for taxpayers, making it one of the most attractive tax systems in the world. However, such actions and reforms aimed at improving tax competitiveness may in one way or another affect Kazakhstan’s fiscal income, which is an important topic of research. The research is based on the tax system and tax income of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the international tax competitive environment. In the course of the study, the tax system of Kazakhstan, its features and reforms, and the structure of the budget income of Kazakhstan were primarily analyzed. Keywords: tax competition, tax system, fiscal income, effects of tax competition.
Current state and problems of alternative energy development in the world
Authors: Baitanayeva Bakhyt , Yerezhepova Aimankul , Nurmanova Biken , Andabayeva Gulmira
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the current state and analysis of factors affecting the use of alternative energy sources on a global scale. There is a constant growth in volumes energy consumption, which is associated with the stability of the global economy, increasing costs for heating and cooling in various parts of the world. At the same time in the most densely populated areas (China, India), coal accounts for up to 80 % of the energy balance, which leads to an increase in CO2emissions. In this regard, the article notes the need to switch to the use of alternative energy sources (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and biomass, nuclear energy). The article analysis the current state of energy sources in developed countries according to statistics for 2018. The authors concludes that the growth rate of renewable energy resources is insufficient, despite their advantage over traditional sources. In this regard, the factors affecting the efficiency of renewable energy sources were summarized. In addition, the article identifies barriers that prevent the acceleration of the rate of replacing traditional energy sources with RES. At the same time, state support measures and relevant legislative acts play a special role in stimulating and attracting the necessary investments.
Enseignement théorique et exposition à la gestion pharmaceutique lors de l’internat en pharmacie hospitalière : perspectives québécoise et française
Authors: Videau Manon , Burguière Justine , Holscher Éléonore , Porteils Céline , Paubel Pascal , Bussières Jean-François
Published: March 2020

Contexte : Exercer la pharmacie en établissement de santé requiert des habiletés de gestion hospitalière et repose sur de bonnes connaissances acquises à l’université et par la pratique. Objectif : Comparer la formation théorique et l’exposition à la gestion pharmaceutique hospitalière (GPH) lors de l’internat en pharmacie hospitalière au Québec et en France. Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive et comparative. À partir des programmes académiques québécois (universités de Laval et de Montréal) et français (universités de Paris Descartes, Lille, Montpellier, Lyon), des outils pédagogiques ainsi que des textes normatifs, sept thématiques ont permis de définir la GPH et ont été utilisés comme variable de comparaison. Les résultats sont présentés dans trois tableaux distincts (profils comparés de la formation théorique, des expositions en GPH et des sept thématiques de la formation théorique et de l’exposition à la GPH) et ont été recueillis auprès d’un panel d’étudiants composé de quatre internes français dans le cadre d’échanges avec des résidents québécois. Aucune analyse statistique n’a été utilisée. Résultats : Académiquement, un programme de GPH obligatoire existe au Québec dirigé par un intervenant. En France, le programme de GPH est divisé en différentes notions abordées dans plusieurs enseignements obligatoires ou facultatifs menés par divers intervenants. Au sein des établissements de santé, les internes français ont plus d’opportunités d’exposition à la GPH que les québécois en raison de la durée de l’internat, de la diversité des stages (polyvalence) et de l’autonomie attendue. Conclusion : L’enseignement et l’exposition à la GPH diffèrent entre le Québec et la France et les approches sont complémentaires.
Avaliação do ângulo de Southwick em duzentos quadris de crianças e adolescentes assintomáticos
Authors: Monte Felipe Alves , Melo Paulo Sergio , Alves Amaro , Oliveira Junior José Venâncio , Alencar George , Soares Fabio Couto
Published: March 2020

Objetivos Medir o valor médio do ângulo de Southwick utilizando dois métodos diferentes, manual (1) e digital (2), e estabelecer um valor de normalidade.

Métodos Estudo primariamente descritivo, realizado com 100 crianças e adolescentes. Foram excluídos indivíduos que apresentavam queixa ortopédica nos quadris e/ou joelhos, ou alterações de marcha. Para cada paciente, foi realizada uma radiografia na incidência lateral de Lowenstein, totalizando 100 radiografias e 200 quadris. O ângulo de Southwick foi medido de duas formas pelo mesmo pesquisador: pelo método convencional (1), traçando-se as retas com lápis e medindo o ângulo com o uso de goniômetro e negatoscópio, e por meio do editor de imagem GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP; código aberto), versão 2.7.0 (2), no qual foram traçadas as linhas e aferidos os ângulos de ambos os quadris em cada radiografia. Posteriormente, buscou-se avaliar a correlação entre os dois métodos e verificar o ângulo médio de Southwick correlacionando-o categoricamente por gênero, faixa etária e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) em adolescentes e crianças assintomáticos. Todas as radiografias foram autorizadas pelos responsáveis. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética das instituições em que a pesquisa foi realizada.

Resultados A média do ângulo de Southwick obtida pelo método convencional foi de 8,7° (±2,0°), e pelo método digital, foi de 9,9° (±1,8°). O ângulo obtido pelas duas formas teve significância estatística (p < 0,001). A maioria da população estudada (95%) tinha índice de massa corpórea (IMC) > 18,5, e a média dos ângulos esteve dentro do valor previamente estabelecido como normal (∼ 10°).

Conclusão Demonstrou-se, pela primeira vez, utilizando uma amostra substanciosa, um valor normal do ângulo de Southwick medido em indivíduos assintomáticos. Além disso, o editor de imagem mostrou ser um método confiável para mensuração do ângulo de Southwick.
Effect of dry needling on submaximal strength and pain in patients with active myofascial trigger points in the rectus femoris: A case series
Authors: López Royo María Pilar , Jiménez Sánchez Carolina
Published: March 2020

A myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is a hyperirritable area of a skeletal muscle, of nodular appearance on palpation and located in a taut band. One of the techniques for the treatment of MTrP is dry needling (DN). The aim of the present work was to determine whether treatment with DN is effective in terms of pain relief and improvement of muscle weakness. For this purpose, differences in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Brzycki Test were observed before and after treatment of an active MTrP of the rectus femoris. In total, 5 patients received the treatment, of which 80% showed an improvement in pain and an increase in submaximal strength. Although it is not possible to establish a causal relationship, the results appear consistent with our hypothesis that DN is able to generally improve the symptoms of pain and weakness that appeared in patients.
Reliability of Various Predictors for Preoperative Diagnosis of Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Lesions with Shoulder and/or Elbow Paresis
Authors: Qiu Shan Shan , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi , Chuang David Chwei-Chin
Published: March 2020

Background The distinction between supraclavicular and infraclavicular acute brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) could be challenging in cases of combined shoulder and elbow paresis. The reliability of several preoperative predictors was investigated to avoid unnecessary dissection, prolonged operation time, increased postoperative morbidity, and long scars.

Methods Between 2004 and 2013, 75 patients, who sustained acute BPI and presented with motor paresis of shoulder and elbow with preservation of hand function, were included and studied retrospectively. Various predictors including muscles function, sensation, fractures, Tinel's sign and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies were reviewed.

Results The highest odds ratio (OR) values for infraclavicular BPI were healthy clavicular head of pectoralis major and biceps, presenting with OR = 36.5 and 31.76, respectively, which were identified the most important predictors.

Conclusion A combination of functioning pectoralis major or biceps, scapular fracture, an infraclavicular Tinel's sign, and normal NCV in the musculocutaneous nerve was highly predictive of an infraclavicular level.
Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: How Is It Associated with Breastfeeding and Mode of Delivery?
Authors: Sadeghi Banafsheh , Rayzan Elham , Tahghighi Fatemeh , Shariat Mamak , Nayeri Fatemeh , Ziaee Vahid
Published: March 2020

Breast milk is a rich source of infants' nutrition and also known to be a source of immune-enhancing molecules. The perinatal factors might have long-term effects on the immune system and also, breastfeeding may have an important role. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease that leads to various organ damages. This idiopathic disease is characterized by high levels of autoantibodies in the circulation. In this case–control study, we have evaluated the association between the breastfeeding and mode of delivery and SLE incidence. In this case–control study, SLE cases were identified in Children's Medical Center and Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex between 2011 and 2017. The control group was chosen from the schools of Tehran and Sari cities. The questionnaires were completed by one of the parents. Seventy-nine cases and 301 controls were included. There was no association among breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding or exclusive breastfeeding and SLE, the age of diagnosis, or its major organ involvements (p > 0.05). The cesarean section (C-section) method was significantly associated with higher disease incidence (p < 0.005). The feeding method during infancy had no significant impact on SLE incidence and onset, while the C-section method increased the incident rate.
Multicenter Experience with Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: McKinney Robin L. , Keszler Martin , Truog William E. , Norberg Michael , Sindelar Richard , Wallström Linda , Schulman Bruce , Gien Jason , Abman Steven H. ,   on behalf of the Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Collaborative
Published: March 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to determine patterns of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) use in ventilator-dependent preterm infants with evolving or established severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) among centers of the BPD Collaborative, including indications for its initiation, discontinuation, and outcomes.

Study Design Retrospective review of infants with developing or established sBPD who were placed on NAVA after ≥4 weeks of mechanical ventilation and were ≥ 30 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA).

Results Among the 13 sites of the BPD collaborative, only four centers (31%) used NAVA in the management of infants with evolving or established BPD. A total of 112 patients met inclusion criteria from these four centers. PMA, weight at the start of NAVA and median number of days on NAVA, were different among the four centers. The impact of NAVA therapy was assessed as being successful in 67% of infants, as defined by the ability to achieve respiratory stability at a lower level of ventilator support, including extubation to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or support with a home ventilator. In total 87% (range: 78–100%) of patients survived until discharge.

Conclusion We conclude that NAVA can be used safely and effectively in selective infants with sBPD. Indications and current strategies for the application of NAVA in infants with evolving or established BPD, however, are highly variable between centers. Although this pilot study suggests that NAVA may be successfully used for the management of infants with BPD, sufficient experience and well-designed clinical studies are needed to establish standards of care for defining the role of NAVA in the care of infants with sBPD.
Localized spin waves at low temperatures in a cobalt carbide nanocomposite
Authors: Roy Nirmal , Sen Arpita , Sen Prasenjit , Banerjee S. S.
Published: March 2020

We study magnetic, transport, and thermal properties of Co2C and Co3C nanocomposites mixed in a 1:1 ratio. The nanocomposite has clusters with an average diameter of 40 ± 15 nm. We show that the behavior of the nanocomposite is completely different from that of only Co3C or Co2C. We observed that with decreasing temperature, the saturation magnetization MS(T) increases, with a steep rise seen below 100 K. A detailed analysis shows that the increase in MS(T) down to 100 K is explained via a surface spin freezing model. However, below 100 K, the steep increase in MS(T) is explained by a finite size effect related to the confinement of spin waves within nanoparticles. Heat capacity measurements show a broad peak at 100 K along with a low temperature anomaly at 43 K (=Tex). Resistance measurements of the nanocomposite show metallic behavior at high T with an anomalous feature appearing at Tex, which is near the T regime, where MS(T) begins to increase steeply. A measurement of the temperature gradients across the sample thickness indicates an abrupt change in thermal conductivity at Tex. Our results suggest a transformation from a magnetically coupled state with a continuous spectrum of spin waves into a magnetically decoupled state below 100 K with confined spin waves.
A new explanation of the sawtooth phenomena in tokamaks
Authors: Jardin S. C. , Krebs I. , Ferraro N.
Published: March 2020

The ubiquitous sawtooth phenomena in tokamaks are so named because the central temperature rises slowly and falls rapidly, similar to the blades of a saw. First discovered in 1974, it has so far eluded a theoretical explanation that is widely accepted and consistent with experimental observations. We propose here a new theory for the sawtooth phenomena in auxiliary heated tokamaks, which is motivated by our recent understanding of “magnetic flux pumping.” In this theory, the role of the (m,n)=(1,1) mode is to generate a dynamo voltage, which keeps the central safety factor, q0, just above 1.0 with low central magnetic shear. When central heating is present, the temperature on axis will increase until at some point, and the configuration abruptly becomes unstable to ideal MHD interchange modes with equal poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, m=n>1. It is these higher order modes and the localized magnetic stochasticity they produce that cause the sudden crash of the temperature profile, not magnetic reconnection. Long time 3D MHD simulations demonstrate these phenomena, which appear to be consistent with many experimental observations.
Spin pumping and laser modulated inverse spin Hall effect in yttrium iron garnet/germanium heterojunctions
Authors: Jin Lichuan , Zhu Hongyu , Zhang Dainan , Liu Bo , Meng Hao , Tang Xiaoli , Li MingMing , Zhong Zhiyong , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: March 2020

In this work, undoped semiconductors, germanium (Ge) and germanium tin (GeSn), were grown on ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films using ultra-high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy. The crystallinity of the structure was determined from x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Both spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effects (ISHEs) of YIG/Ge and YIG/GeSn heterojunctions have been investigated with the help of broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). We observe that the spin mixing conductances of YIG/Ge (60 nm) and YIG/GeSn (60 nm) are 5.4 × 1018 m−2 and 7.2 × 1018 m−2, respectively, responsible for giant spin current injection. Furthermore, it is found that spin pumping injects giant spin current from ferrimagnetic YIG into the Ge semiconductor. The infrared laser modulated ISHE was examined using heavy metal platinum as a spin current collector. Also, it has been noted that the variation in the power of laser irradiation significantly changed the ISHE voltage of YIG/Ge/Pt spin junctions, saturated magnetization, FMR linewidth, and Gilbert damping parameter of YIG, which could be attributed to the laser-induced thermal effect. The outcomes from this study are promising for the development of Ge-based spintronic and magnonic devices.
Thin-film flip-chip UVB LEDs realized by electrochemical etching
Authors: Bergmann Michael A. , Enslin Johannes , Hjort Filip , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael , Haglund Åsa
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate a thin-film flip-chip (TFFC) light-emitting diode (LED) emitting in the ultraviolet B (UVB) at 311 nm, where substrate removal has been achieved by electrochemical etching of a sacrificial Al0.37Ga0.63N layer. The electroluminescence spectrum of the TFFC LED corresponds well to the as-grown LED structure, showing no sign of degradation of structural and optical properties by electrochemical etching. This is achieved by a proper epitaxial design of the sacrificial layer and the etch stop layers in relation to the LED structure and the electrochemical etch conditions. Enabling a TFFC UV LED is an important step toward improving the light extraction efficiency that limits the power conversion efficiency in AlGaN-based LEDs.
Spintronics on chiral objects
Authors: Yang See-Hun
Published: March 2020

Chirality, handedness, is one of the most fundamental intriguing asymmetries in nature. By definition, chiral objects cannot be superimposed onto each other after mirror reflection operation. Numerous examples of chiral structures can be found in nature, for example, chiral molecules and chiral magnetic nanostructures. Moving electrons are associated with handedness by their own spins due to spin–orbit interaction thus exhibiting various emergent phenomena as they interact with chiral materials, which otherwise would not be observed in achiral systems. This new paradigm allows the potential development of new forms of devices or methods by utilizing reciprocal interaction of chiral objects with moving electron spins. This review updates the remarkable progresses in Spintronics on Chiral Objects that have been made over the past few years providing an outlook for new opportunities and potential applications with new insights.
Filling gaps in the biology and habitat use of two spurdog sharks (Squalus japonicus and Squalus brevirostris) in the East China Sea
Authors: Yano Toshikazu , Ohshimo Seiji , Sakai Takeshi , Yoda Mari
Published: March 2020

The conservation and management of sharks requires appropriate information on their biological and habitat characteristics. Data needed for the conservation and management of two dominant demersal shark species in the East China Sea, the spurdogs (Squalus japonicus and Squalus brevirostris), are inadequate. To remedy this, we analysed biological, catch and abiotic data from bottom trawl surveys conducted in 2000–05 and 2008–14 from within the East China Sea. The precaudal length of male and female S. japonicus at 50% sexual maturity was 396.1 and 459.9mm respectively, whereas for S. brevirostris it was 289.6 and 354.9mm respectively. Prey overlap was high between species, with lanternfishes the most important prey. The fractional trophic level was 4.33 for S. japonicus and 4.31 for S. brevirostris. We estimated spurdog habitat using a generalised additive model. Depth affected the presence of both sharks, with latitude also affecting the presence of S. brevirostris. These two spurdog species were spatially segregated over the continental slope, and body-length and sex-ratio distributions suggested that there was a maturity-based segregation within and among species. The results of this study improve our understanding of the population dynamics of these spurdog species, their reproduction and diet, fundamental information required for their conservation and for improved fisheries management.
Balancing stakeholder interests in kangaroo management – historical perspectives and future prospects
Authors: McLeod S. R. , Hacker R. B.
Published: March 2020

Kangaroos are commercially harvested in five mainland states of Australia, with the harvest regulated by state government wildlife management agencies and overseen by the Commonwealth government. Non-commercial culling is permitted, and although most kangaroos have traditionally been taken by the commercial kangaroo harvesting industry, the proportion taken non-commercially has increased in recent years. Management plans that guide the regulation of the harvest support the management objectives of wildlife management agencies and the kangaroo industry, but the plans do not successfully address the objectives of other stakeholders including pastoralists and animal protection groups, which focus on minimising the grazing impacts of kangaroos and animal welfare issues respectively. We reviewed the objectives outlined in the management plans for kangaroos in the Australian rangelands and examined alternative systems for managing natural resources to identify if improvements to management could be made. Current management plans for kangaroos principally use fixed harvest rates that are responsive only to the state of the kangaroo population and not to changes in the environments in which kangaroos live. This type of management is reactive, and opportunities for improving management of the environment are limited. A viable alternative is active adaptive management which focuses on explicit measurement of the response of the natural system to management actions and use of this information to modify interventions to better meet management objectives. Active adaptive management is appropriate when management actions can strongly influence system state but the impacts of management are uncertain. We argue that the management of kangaroos and the environments in which they live would benefit from the adoption of an active adaptive management approach by wildlife management agencies.
Eye movements shape visual learning
Authors: Laamerad Pooya , Guitton Daniel , Pack Christopher C.
Published: March 2020

Most people easily learn to recognize new faces and places, and with more extensive practice they can become experts at visual tasks as complex as radiological diagnosis and action video games. Such perceptual plasticity has been thoroughly studied in the context of training paradigms that require constant fixation. In contrast, when observers learn under more natural conditions, they make frequent saccadic eye movements. Here we show that such eye movements can play an important role in visual learning. Observers performed a task in which they executed a saccade while discriminating the motion of a cued visual stimulus. Additional stimuli, presented simultaneously with the cued one, permitted an assessment of the perceptual integration of information across visual space. Consistent with previous results on perisaccadic remapping [M. Szinte, D. Jonikaitis, M. Rolfs, P. Cavanagh, H. Deubel,J. Neurophysiol.116, 1592–1602 (2016)], most observers preferentially integrated information from locations representing the presaccadic and postsaccadic retinal positions of the cue. With extensive training on the saccade task, these observers gradually acquired the ability to perform similar motion integration without making eye movements. Importantly, the newly acquired pattern of spatial integration was determined by the metrics of the saccades made during training. These results suggest that oculomotor influences on visual processing, long thought to subserve the function of perceptual stability, also play a role in visual plasticity.
Population aging, migration, and productivity in Europe
Authors: Marois Guillaume , Bélanger Alain , Lutz Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Significance

Migration is one of the most controversial political topics in industrialized countries. One important aspect is population aging and the prospects of a shrinking labor force in case of low or no immigration. We address this aspect systematically through multidimensional microsimulations for all European Union (EU) member states. The outcome variables considered go beyond the conventional old-age dependency ratios by also studying labor-force dependency ratios and the introduced productivity-weighted labor-force dependency ratio. We consider a wide range of future migration scenarios differing by volume, educational selectivity of migrants, and labor market integration efforts. Combined with alternative scenarios of labor-force participation for the EU-born population, the findings provide scientific insights for future migration and labor policies in Europe.