bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations Into Chain‐Length‐Dependent Termination in Bulk Radical Polymerization of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐Tridecafluorooctyl Methacrylate
Authors: Barth Johannes , Siegmann Rebekka , Beuermann Sabine , Russell Gregory T. , Buback Michael
Published: November 2011

The SP‐PLP‐EPR technique is used to carry out a detailed investigation of the radical termination kinetics of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐tridecafluorooctyl methacrylate (TDFOMA) in bulk at relatively low conversion. Composite‐model behavior for chain‐length‐dependent termination rate coefficients, kti,i, is observed. It is found that for TDFOMA, ic ≈ 60 independent of temperature, and αs ≈ 0.65 and αl ≈ 0.2 at 80 °C and above. However, at lower temperatures the situation is strikingly different, with the significantly higher average values of αs = 0.89 ± 0.15 and αl = 0.32 ± 0.10 being obtained at 50 °C and below. This makes TDFOMA the first monomer to be found that exhibits clearly different exponent values, αs and αl, at lower and higher temperature, and that has both a high αs, like an acrylate, and a high ic, like a methacrylate.
Fluorescence quenching in porous silicon/conjugated polymer composites
Authors: Pranculis Vytenis , Karpicz Renata , Medvids Arturs , Gulbinas Vidmantas
Published: November 2011

MEH‐PPV and m‐LPPP polymers were spin‐coated onto porous silicon (PS). Quenching of the polymer and PS fluorescence has been investigated by means of time‐resolved and steady state fluorescence spectroscopy. Decay kinetics of the PS fluorescence in the blue spectral region attributed to the oxidized silicon surface reveals its quenching by the polymer film. No clear evidence of the opposite process, quenching of the polymer fluorescence by PS has been obtained.
In vivo evaluation in cynomolgus monkey brain and metabolism of [18F]fluorodeprenyl: A new MAO‐B pet radioligand
Authors: Nag Sangram , Varrone Andrea , TÓth MiklÓs , Thiele Andrea , Kettschau Georg , Heinrich Tobias , Lehmann Lutz , Halldin Christer
Published: November 2011

In this study, we evaluated the in vivo characteristics of a new monoamine oxidase type B (MAO‐B) radioligand, [18F]fluorodeprenyl, by positron emission tomography (PET) in two cynomolgus monkeys. The brain uptake of [18F]fluorodeprenyl was more than 7% (600% SUV) of the total injected radioactivity and similar to that of [11C]deprenyl, an established MAO‐B radioligand. The highest uptake was observed in the striatum, one of the MAO‐B‐rich regions, with a peak at approximately 2–3 min after injection, followed by lower uptake in the thalamus and the cortex and lowest uptake in the cerebellum. Brain uptake of [18F]fluorodeprenyl was largely inhibited by preadministration of the MAO‐B inhibitor, L‐deprenyl, whereas clorgyline, a MAO Type A blocker, had no significant inhibitory effect, thus demonstrating selectivity for MAO‐B. [18F]Fluorodeprenyl showed relatively slow metabolism with the presence of two radiometabolite peaks with similar retention time as the labeled metabolites of [11C]deprenyl. These results suggest that [18F]fluorodeprenyl is a potential PET radioligand for visualization of MAO‐B activity. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deerhurst 1971–1974: The Society's Research Project on the Archaeology of the English Church
Authors: Butler L. A. S. , Rahtz P. A. , Taylor H. M.
Published: November 2011

An account is given of the first stages of the concerted application of archaeological, architectural, and historical methods to the investigation of the church and its surroundings in the village of Deerhurst, Gloucestershire. It is the intention of the investigators to record, and as far as possible to interpret, all stages of development of the building, from its earliest days down to the present, and to link those developments as closely as possible to the life and history of the surrounding district.
Excavations at Fishbourne, 1966: Sixth Interim Report
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

The excavations conducted in the summer of 1966 were concentrated upon two projects: the final excavation of the previously unexamined parts of the North Wing, and of the early structures lying beneath it, and the large-scale stripping of selected areas of the garden belonging to the Roman palace. The modern cover-building, which is being erected by the Sussex Archaeological Trust over the remains of the Roman North Wing and which was begun in July 1965, had reached a state of near-completion by September 1966. The excavation work beneath was therefore carried out with the benefit of a roof above it, but with minor inconveniences incurred by being surrounded by builders and subcontractors. Earlier in the year some trial trenching had been carried out in the modern gardens of houses which now occupy the site of the Period I bath building. This work, though limited, has added considerably to the outline plan hitherto available.
Excavations at Winchester 1966: Fifth Interim Report
Authors: Biddle Martin
Published: November 2011

In 1966 the Winchester Excavations Committee was again joined by the University of North Carolina and Duke University in excavations on four sites in the city. The work lasted ten weeks from the middle of June to the latter part of August and an average of 160 people took part, about £14,000 being spent.
A Graeco-Egyptian Amulet From a Romano-British Site at Welwyn, Herts
Authors: Wright R. P.
Published: November 2011

The amulet here described was found in April 1963 by Mr. A. G. Rook on a Romano-British site at Dicket Mead, Lockleys, Welwyn. He has kindly provided an interim description of the site and its associated finds and a discussion of the material from which the amulet was made. The object has now been placed on loan in the Verulamium Museum.
Central Gaulish Samian Mould Fragments (Second Series)
Authors: Detsicas A. P.
Published: November 2011

The twenty-seven fragments of samian moulds discussed in this paper were originally found by Plicque at Lezoux, and formerly belonged to the Oswald–Plicque collection; they are now preserved in the Birley Collection, at the Department of Archaeology, University of Durham.
Antler Cheekpieces of the British Late Bronze Age
Authors: Britnell William J.
Published: November 2011

A group of antler cheekpieces are described and illustrated which provide a small but significant contribution to the evidence of horsemanship in the later Bronze Age in the British Isles. Although independent dating evidence is meagre, they form a coherent stylistic and functional type which has parallels in the late Urnfield period in Central Europe. An attempt is made to reconstruct other elements of the bridle, and they are compared with a number of bronze cheekpieces which show some affinity.
The Dating of the Lady Chapel in York Minster
Authors: French T. W.
Published: November 2011

An attempt to justify the traditional dating of the lady chapel at York Minster by a study of the carved stone heraldic shields in the spandrels of the main arcades. The heads carved above the shields are accepted as being, for the main part, attempted portraits of the owners of the respective arms, and are identified where possible to see if their physiognomy fits the accepted date. A brief summary is given of the later stages in the completion of the lady chapel and its relationship to the construction of the western choir.
A Late Seventeenth-Century Plan of York
Authors: Butler R. M.
Published: November 2011

A manuscript plan of York, preserved in the city library, was made by Captain James Archer. A similar plan at Stafford, illustrating reports on York's defences by Sir Christopher Musgrave, is signed by Jacob Richards. The relationship between these plans is examined. Archer's career is traced from the State Papers and other sources, showing that he served the Duke of Ormond, made surveys in the Channel Isles, worked on Kinsale fort, and died in c. 1680. It is suggested that the plan at York was drawn in c. 1673, used by Musgrave in 1682, and copied by Richards in 1685.
I. The Evolution of the Landscape
Authors: Bowen Collin , Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

The Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London has set up a sub-committee to encourage co-ordinated research aimed at deciphering the organization of the landscape from the earliest times to the recent past. After a detailed consideration of the evidence, it decided to concentrate its attention, in the first instance, on the chalk lands of central southern England, where the spread of detectable remains is denser and more widespread than anywhere else in the country, and where the archaeological material in the form of artefacts and faunal remains is best preserved in the greatest quantity.
II. Archaeological Investigation of Churches in Great Britain
Authors: Taylor H. M.
Published: November 2011

The churches of Great Britain might be regarded as monuments which have been so closely studied by antiquaries for well over a century that they could scarcely be expected to be a fruitful subject for new intensive investigation. But in fact the true story is quite different; the antiquarian interest of the past was largely concentrated on architectural history and while much of that field has indeed been well explored there are many other fields that have scarcely been touched. In January 1972, the Council for British Archaeology set up a Committee to co-ordinate and encourage archaeological research on places of worship in Great Britain, and in particular to develop a research policy which would include both pure research and also the recording of all archaeological evidence that might be endangered when places of worship and their sites are threatened with alteration whether in normal circumstances or because of change of use.
The Position of the Altar in Early Anglo-Saxon Churches
Authors: Taylor H. M.
Published: November 2011

A survey of the structural and contemporary literary evidence for the position of the altar in Anglo-Saxon churches before the Viking invasions of the ninth century indicates that it was not at the east end of the church but in a more central position. This was sometimes near the east end of the nave and sometimes in the eastern compartment. As an indication of how this practice may have arisen in England, references are given to evidence for similar treatment of the altar in Continental and North African churches at somewhat earlier dates.
A Group of English and Imported Medieval Pottery from Lesnes Abbey, Kent; and the Trade in Early Hispano-Moresque Pottery to England
Authors: Dunning G. C.
Published: November 2011

The group of medieval pottery described in this paper was found at Lesnes Abbey in June 1959, when the smaller of two stone-lined pits added against the west end of the Reredorter was cleared. The pit measured 8 ft. by 5 ft. internally, and was about 10 ft. deep. The greater part of the filling, about 7 ft. in depth, consisted of chalk and stone rubble, fragments of sandy mortar, a few pieces of worked stone, and broken roofing tiles. Below this filling was a layer of dark soil, about 2 ft. in depth, at the bottom of the pit. All the pottery was found in the layer of dark soil; there is thus no doubt that it is contemporary, and was absolutely sealed by several feet of building debris. I am indebted to the officers of the Historic Buildings Section of the London County Council for these details, and for permission to examine the pottery and prepare this report for publication.
Notes on the Medieval Altars and Chapels in Lincoln Cathedral
Authors: Binnall Peter B. G.
Published: November 2011

The identification of medieval altars in cathedrals is a difficult and complicated business and information from original sources is both scanty and contradictory, whilst much of the printed matter, frequently based on the researches of seventeenth and eighteenth-century antiquaries, is far from accurate.
The Medieval Borough of Torksey: Excavations 1963-8
Authors: Barley M. W.
Published: November 2011

Further excavation at Torksey established that the borough was an open settlement; a medieval ditch merely separated the village closes from the common. One such close contained three more pottery kilns. Two kilns were found immediately south of the village, bringing the total to seven. The pottery industry seems to have started by the middle of the ninth century and lasted through much of the twelfth; it may have been or become subordinate to that of Lincoln.
Some Ancient Silk from the Crimea in the British Museum
Authors: Granger Taylor Hero , Wild John Peter
Published: November 2011

A textile fragment from the Crimea acquired by the British Museum in 1848 is identified as a Han Chinese monochrome figured silk. Pieces of the same cloth are also in the Hermitage, Leningrad. The context of the find and the associated grave furniture are re-examined and a production date for the silk within the first century B.C. or early first century A.D. is proposed.
A Lost Cycle of Canterbury Paintings of 1220
Authors: Caviness Madeline Harrison
Published: November 2011

Mid nineteenth-century sketches of paintings then in the vaults of the Trinity Chapel ambulatory of Canterbury Cathedral are published for the first time. They provide an opportunity to discuss the iconographic programme and style of the lost paintings. Kings of England and local saints were among those represented in commemoration of the translation of the relics of Becket to the Trinity Chapel in July 1220. The date of 1220 which seems to be given in an inscription is confirmed by comparison with a Canterbury Psalter of before 1220, and sculptures at Wells.
The Importance of the Ashmolean Roll of Arms for the Study of Medieval Blazon
Authors: Barstow Allen M.
Published: November 2011

In the fourteenth century coats of arms become increasingly complex, thus rendering more difficult the task of expressing concisely and clearly the relationships between the elements in a blazon. The author of the Ashmolean Roll (compiled c. 1334) is a professional herald. Faithful to traditional conventions, he is nevertheless innovative in his effort to respond to the need for greater clarity by expansion and adaptation of the linguistic structures of his trade. The well-known Parliamentary Roll is shown to be less reliable than the unpublished Ashmolean Roll as an indicator of trends in early fourteenth-century blazon.
Sarsen Stones in Wessex: The Society's First Investigations in the Evolution of the Landscape Project
Authors: Bowen H. C. , Smith I. F.
Published: November 2011

This paper describes the survey of sarsen stones (grey-wether sandstones) in the Wessex counties of Dorset, Hampshire, and Wiltshire. This was conducted as a pilot exercise in the resolution of basic landscape problems through fresh investigation on the ground by a relatively large number of people in a restricted time. It sought to settle the following questions: how extensive was the surface sprawl of sarsen boulders and how, from Neolithic times, were sarsens dealt with either as an impediment or as a mineral resource? A small test excavation to see whether and how superincumbent sarsens affected the bedrock is briefly described. The massive collection of data is now kept as an archive in the Society's library at Burlington House and Xerox copies of summary lists based on this archive are available on request from the Assistant Secretary.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Wormald Francis
Published: November 2011

As this will be the last occasion on which I address the Society as President there are a number of generalizations which I should like to make. Unlike some Presidencies, that of the Antiquaries is no sinecure and the President is expected to work for his living. In this he is supported by the Vice-Presidents and Officers of the Society. During my time of office I have been splendidly upheld by Nowell Myres, John Cowen, and Arnold Taylor. Only those who have worked with them know with what devotion and energy they carry out their duties. In some respects I feel that I have given my Vice-Presidents too little to do, but that is my own fault and their advice on Council has been invaluable. I am confident that my successor will make use of them much more skilfully than I have done. It would be invidious to stretch out this catalogue of indebtedness but it would be inexcusable for me not to mention my gratitude to Mr. Thompson and Mr. Hopkins.
Excavations at Owslebury, Hants: A Second Interim Report
Authors: Collis J. R.
Published: November 2011

The results of the 1968–9 seasons of excavations at Bottom Pond Farm, Owslebury (SU 525 246) are described, especially the layout of the pre-Roman settlement. Problems of the siting of the settlement, the land usage and the function of storage pits are discussed, and two inscribed bronze rings and an embossed bronze plaque are described in detail.
Excavations at Winchester, 1969: Eighth interim report
Authors: Biddle Martin
Published: November 2011

Five sites were excavated in 1969. At Castle Yard the pre-Roman and Roman defences were examined and a large salient discovered at the south-west corner of the Roman walled town. A Saxon street and its buildings lying within this salient were found buried below the castle earthworks of 1067, and the early development of the castle was investigated. At Lankhills sixty fourth-century graves were excavated, four producing evidence of an alien military element in the late Roman town. Further evidence of this alien element was found at the Cathedral Green, and together with earlier discoveries, suggests the presence of a Germanic garrison. The excavation of the Old Minster was completed by the examination of the east end of the seventh-century church, and by the discovery of a west-work of continental type consecrated in 980. At Lower Brook Street four houses and other structures of the mid twelfth to mid thirteenth century were excavated, one property being devoted entirely to cloth finishing with a rack-ground and dye-house. Three phases of St. Mary's Church were examined and the latest stage of St. Pancras' Church uncovered. At Wolvesey Palace the west hall can be dated to c. 1110. The lead-piped water-supply of the palace was investigated, its first stage belonging to the early twelfth century. Excavation continues.
Quoit Brooch Style Buckles
Authors: Evison Vera I.
Published: November 2011

During excavation in 1967 of an Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Mucking in Essex, bronze belt equipment (pls. liii, liv) was found in situ on a body stain in grave 117. Its importance is immediately obvious, for not only is it a fine piece of craftsmanship and the only complete set of its kind, but it supplies the missing link between the late Roman military belt equipment and metalwork in the Quoit Brooch Style of Anglo-Saxon England. At much the same time that this buckle came to light at Mucking, another buckle of the same period, but of a different type, was found in an Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Orpington in Kent (fig. 2 a), and a few weeks later another was found in a cemetery at Bishopstone, Sussex. With the advantage of the information provided by these new buckles it is now possible to distinguish other works belonging to the same milieu, and to see problems connected with them in a different perspective.
Plate made by King James II and VII for the Chapel Royal of Holyroodhouse in 1686
Authors: McRoberts David , Oman Charles
Published: November 2011

On the 6th February 1685 King James II of England and VII of Scotland succeeded to the throne of Great Britain on the death of his elder brother, King Charles II. His reign, which was to last for less than four years, was beset by many difficulties. A number of these problems stemmed from the fact that James, before his accession, has gone over to the Church of Rome and made no effort to conceal that fact. One of the results of this spiritual allegiance of King James was the provision of Chapels Royal at Whitehall, Windsor, Dublin, and Edinburgh, where James could worship according to the ritual of his Church, and these chapels were duly furnished with suitable altar plate. The altar plate provided for the English and Irish chapels seems to have disappeared but, by a stroke of good fortune, several of the altar vessels made for the Chapel Royal in the Palace of Holyroodhouse have survived. These vessels, which are of superb quality, have up till now escaped the notice of the experts who have dealt with the history of the silversmith's craft in Great Britain. They are now discussed in the following pages: the historical circumstances of their survival will first be described and this will be followed by a technical description of the various surviving pieces.
Pagan Saxon Whetstones
Authors: Evison Vera I.
Published: November 2011

An important petrographical study of Anglo-Saxon and medieval honestones has been made recently by Mr. S. E. Ellis (British Museum, Natural History), and the object of this paper is to identify the hones of the pagan period mentioned therein, and to provide illustrations of them as well as comments on their archaeological contexts. Most of the stones used as hones were picked up locally, but there is a possibility of the export of Kentish Rag from Kent and greywackés from southern Scotland. Ritual is evident in connection with a few of the hones.
Glass-paintings after Heemskerck in England
Authors: Cole William
Published: November 2011

Innumerable panels of Flemish glass of the late sixteenth/early seventeenth centuries survive in England and on the Continent. This paper describes and catalogues over seventy glass-paintings, deriving from the Mannerist-influenced religious paintings of the Netherlandish artist Marten van Heemskerck (1498–1573), found in parish churches and secular buildings in this country. Thomas Kerrich, F.S.A., compiled an incomplete catalogue of the engravings of Heemskerck's work from which the glass-paintings were copied. Published posthumously in 1829, it now forms part of the list of glass-paintings in this paper.
A Hundred Years of Mycenaean Archaeology
Authors: Iakovidis Sp.
Published: November 2011

A survey of progress in Mycenaean archaeology during the century since Schliemann's address to the Society on 22 March 1877 shows that we now have a coherent picture of material culture and historical events in Late Bronze Age Greece between 1500 and 1100 B.C. Having outstripped Schliemann's faith in Homer and Arthur Evans's hypothesis of a Minoan conquest from Crete, Mycenaean archaeology can now be traced back to the Middle Bronze Age before the introduction of the shaft graves, when the Achaeans had already made contact by sea with Egypt and other advanced centres in the East Mediterranean. The volcanic eruption of c. 1500 B.C, which left the mainland unscathed, enabled them to expand their influence and power to Crete and throughout the Aegean so that by the thirteenth century Mycenaean culture was ubiquitous, though political and territorial divisions remained. Finds of Linear B tablets enable us to form a distinct picture of the political, social, and economic life of the period. The close relationships between Helladic and Minoan art and religion have been systematically studied, while the Homeric poems may describe only one episode, the siege of Troy, in a series of attempts by the Achaeans to establish themselves on the coast of Asia Minor during the temporary collapse of Hittite power. By the end of the thirteenth century Mycenaean centres were being abandoned and destroyed, partly because of the breakdown of their trading links in the East Mediterranean with centres overrun by the Land-and-Sea Peoples, and the civilization as a whole had collapsed.
Excavations at Gloucester. Fourth Interim Report: St. Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, 1975–1976
Authors: Heighway Carolyn
Published: November 2011

Excavations at St. Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, showed that the site was occupied in the second century by the Roman municipal tile works which was abandoned by the fourth century. The ruined church which now stands on the site shows two successive building phases pre-dating a Norman arcade; excavation established part of the plan of this late Anglo-Saxon church and also uncovered part of the tenth- to thirteenth-century cemetery. Documentary evidence suggests that this was the ‘new minster’ built by Æthelflæd and Æthelred of Mercia. Taking other historical and archaeological evidence into consideration, Gloucester can be argued to have had, in the late ninth to early tenth century, a special significance for the rulers of Mercia.

Specialist reports are offered on the stratified medieval pottery, and on the inscribed bell-mould from the tenth-century church.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Wheeler Mortimer
Published: November 2011

To one whose working life has been in large measure focused upon our Society, and whose thoughts have been often enough drawn to it from remote parts of the world and sometimes in strange circumstance, the presentation of his first Anniversary Address is an emotional moment. I say that in all deliberation. For the most part I do not much believe in emotion; I prefer hard outlines to my thinking and regard sentiment as a rare and perilous indulgence. If I indulge now for an instant, you will I hope infer a gratitude, deeper than I care to say, to you who have entrusted me with your presidency and have so crowned a career of long and (I trust) reasonably faithful service to the discipline for which we stand.
Painted heraldic panels
Authors: Bayley T. D. S. , Steer Francis W.
Published: November 2011

The object of this paper is to invite opinions on the purpose of a certain type of heraldic panel which is akin to the hatchment but is, in fact, quite distinct from it. The writers also wish to enlist help in recording further examples, whether lost or surviving, and to urge the preservation of the latter. They also desire to establish the number of cases where a monument of a permanent nature to the same person, as is commemorated by a panel can be found in the same church or churchyard; the only instance of a panel and corresponding memorial, other than the nineteenth-century examples at Lindfield, traced by the writers so far is in Salisbury Cathedral (see p. 83).
Excavations at Fishbourne, 1964: Fourth Interim Report
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

During the fourth season of excavation at Fishbourne work was spread over an area of about ten acres, most of it being concentrated on three main sites: the west wing of the main building, the eastern half of the north wing, and the southern half of the east wing. In addition, exploratory trenches were dug through the area to the north of the north wing and several trial excavations were made in gardens to the south of the modern main road. Previously, in December 1963 and January 1964, limited excavations had been undertaken in the garden of no. 65 Fishbourne Road, in the area of the greenhouses to the west of the main site, and in other gardens further west.
Central Gaulish Samian Mould Fragments
Authors: Detsicas A. P.
Published: November 2011

The following eight fragments of samian moulds were found by Plicque at Lezoux and formerly belonged to the Oswald-Plicque Collection; they are now part of the Birley Collection at the Department of Archaeology, University of Durham.
The Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon Site at Upton, Northants
Authors: Jackson D. A. , Harding D. W. , Myres J. N. L.
Published: November 2011

The Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon site at Upton near Northampton was excavated by Mr. Jackson on behalf of the Ministry of Public Building and Works, July—December 1965. In addition to Iron Age pits and ditches the principal discovery was that of a timber Saxon building which is remarkable for its combination of the structural features of a Grubenhaus with the dimensions and plan of a small timber hall. The building contained more than sixty loom-weights, and is interpreted as a weaving shed rather than a domestic occupation site. It was destroyed by fire, and charred timbers have revealed the position of internal fixed wooden furniture. From pottery and small finds it is suggested that the site was occupied in the late sixth to early seventh centuries A.D.
The Dolaucothi Gold Mines I: The Surface Evidence
Authors: Lewis P. R. , Jones G. D. B.
Published: November 2011

The first-fruits of the programme of research organised under the auspices of the Dolaucothi Research Committee are presented here in a survey of the surviving surface remains from the Roman gold mine in South Wales. The mine-workings are comprehensively describedfor the first time with particular reference to the complex aqueduct system that still survives relatively intact above the main workings. In addition to the aqueduct derived from the River Cothi, a second has been tracedfrom the headwaters of the River Annell. The inter-relation of the aqueducts and their derivatives offers, it is suggested, a way to chart the over-all development of the mines. The stage is now setfor a programme of underground survey in the mine area proper and excavation on a large scale in the associated settlement nearby.
Thomas Hearne, Richard Richardson, and the Osmondthick Hoard
Authors: Briggs Stephen
Published: November 2011

The discovery in 1709, at Osmondthick, West Riding of Yorkshire, of a hoard of socketed axes, is described from contemporary sources. The contents of the hoard, its site of discovery, and ultimate fate are considered, as well as its archaeological significance. Contemporary views on prehistoric socketed axes, most particularly those of Thomas Hearne and Richard Richardson, are contrasted, and it is concluded that Richardson's observations mark him as an important but neglected contributor to contemporary antiquarian thought.
Two Aurar of Gold. Contributions to the Weight History of the Migration Period
Authors: Bakka Egil
Published: November 2011

Two Migration period finds of gold ‘payment rings’ from south-western Norway are identified as sets of balance weights, carefully adjusted to the old system of aurar and ertogar (pl. of ON eyrir m. and ertog m.), metrologically taken over from the Roman system, with the eyrir equivalent to the Roman ounce of 27·29 gm. The sets can be used for weighing with great accuracy at intervals of eyrir, one being adjusted to an eyrir value of 27·42 gm., the other set ingeniously made to be used for weighing in units of two different eyrir values, one of 27·35 gm. (0·06 more than the Roman standard ounce), and another of 29·13 gm., near the maximum of the accepted standard variation of the eyrir as it can be found in other contemporary gold finds of south-western Norway. A general discussion argues that the Roman weight system and standards were taken over and practised in Northern Europe from the fourth century onwards.
A Necklace from a Barrow in North Molton parish, North Devon
Authors: Fox Aileen , Stone J. F. S.
Published: November 2011

In examining some material in the reserves of the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter, I noticed a small necklace which includes beads of blue faience (pl. vii a). The entry in the museum's Accessions Book stated that it had been presented in 1917 by Mr. A. Amos, ‘from a barrow on Beacon Hill, North Molton’, and that it had been ‘found with cremated bones, an urn and flint implements’. After many difficulties I succeeded, with the help of Mr. R. Tucker, agent to Lord Poltimore for his North Molton estate, in obtaining details of the discovery. I am much indebted to him for his services, and to Mrs. Lamb and Miss Amos of Dawlish, and to Mr. Passmore of North Molton for the information they so readily provided about an event of so many years ago.
Caister Castle
Authors: Barnes H. D. , Simpson W. Douglas
Published: November 2011

Caister Castle (see air view, pi. xvi,a) stands on the low ground about half a mile north-west of the little village of West Caister, one and a half miles from the rapidly encroaching sea, and some four miles from Great Yarmouth. Interest has always attached to the castle owing to the facts that it was built by the famous Sir John Fastolf, and that it played a part in the chequered fortunes of the Paston family, so brilliantly illuminated by their correspondence. The ruins, with their tall, slender tower, have also attracted attention as an early and splendid example of the use of brick; and we hope to show that the affinities of the castle lie in a quarter hitherto unsuspected, and that it is an important architectural document in the history of the cultural relationships of England during the first half of the fifteenth century.
The Scaffold George of Charles I
Authors: The Duke of  Wellington
Published: November 2011

The last act performed by King Charles I when he was standing on the scaffold beside his executioner was to hand the Lesser George of the Order of the Garter, which he was wearing suspended from a ribbon round his neck, to Bishop Juxon, uttering as he did so the word ‘Remember’. The George was taken from the bishop by the Parliamentarians, but was eventually recovered by Charles II.

It is only natural to suppose that so sacred and so portable a relic was taken away by James II. He is stated by Madame de Sévigné to have used a George which had belonged to his father when investing the due de Lauzun with the Garter in February 1689. This is not recorded to have been the Scaffold George, but it shows that he took his family's insignia of the Garter with him into exile. In the eighteenth century it was universally believed that Charles I's Scaffold George was in the possession of the exiled Stuarts. Sir R. Payne-Gallwey quotes a letter written from Rome in December 1785. This letter describes Prince Charles Edward as wearing the George ‘which is interesting as being the one King Charles had on when he was beheaded, and that he desired to be sent to his son’.
Some medieval treatises on English heraldry
Authors: London H. Stanford
Published: November 2011

The object of this paper is to invite attention to some early treatises on English heraldry in the hope of stimulating interest in that somewhat neglected phase of this study. None of the manuscripts in question has been printed, but first it may not be amiss to recall briefly the half-dozen tractates which have been printed.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Mann James
Published: November 2011

Your Excellency, Vice-Presidents, Ladies and Gentlemen,

What I am going to say this evening is my valedictory address to you, and I must first of all thank the Society and its staff very warmly for the support which I have received in all branches of our activities during the last five years.
A Carved Wooden Head of Elizabeth I
Authors: Holmes M. R.
Published: November 2011

At the north-west corner of Lancaster House, near the ground now concreted for a car park, lies a sealed, ruinous, subterranean vault, and in that vault, as in some folk-tale about the secrets of the hills, there stands a riderless horse, with an attendant in an inner room a few paces away. It is nearly twenty years since he was visible to mortal eyes; the last living person known to have seen him is my colleague Mr. Arthur Trotman, who tried indeed to move him from his position, but was dissuaded. Not without reason, indeed, for an enemy land-mine had fallen in the neighbourhood and caused a considerable degree of damage, including the subsidence of the entire corner of the building. The sturdy frame of the horse was found to be actually supporting the roof and wall of the corridor in which he stood, and it was only too likely that further movement might bring down the vaulting on him and on those who had ventured to disturb him. Further investigation was discouraged, rubble and concrete were poured into the crater above, and the vault was left sealed and inaccessible beneath the newly created terra firma.
Tilbury Fort and the development of artillery fortification in the Thames estuary
Authors: Saunders A. D.
Published: November 2011

Three of the four main periods of artillery fortification in England, when construction was undertaken on a national scale, are represented in the Thames: the castles and bulwarks of Henry VIII, the bastioned forts of the late seventeenth century, and the Royal Commission forts of the 1860's. The exception is the rather special case of the Martello Tower system, but its place here is taken by the steady improvements carried out at the end of the eighteenth century and in the 1840's and 1850's. Shornemead, Cliffe Creek, and Slough Forts are ruined and derelict, Coalhouse Fort is used as a store, but Tilbury, now in the guardianship of the Ministry of Works, can show the progress of fortification over the course of 250 years. That they never saw the action for which they were designed is irrelevant, for, as Sidney Herbert said in 1860, ‘the object of the fortifications is not so much to resist as to deter attack’.

The subsequent coastal batteries of the last two wars, the hastily constructed pill-boxes, and even the ‘flak’ towers off the east coast are simply gun positions. They are neither self-contained nor self-defensible fortresses. By these criteria the forts erected as a result of the 1860 Royal Commission can be regarded as the last legitimate successors of the prehistoric hill fort and the medieval castle.
Villages in Roman Britain: Some Evidence
Authors: Hallam S. J.
Published: November 2011

‘Villages’ of ‘up to a hundred little huts’ and even ‘pit dwellings' passed from history to mythology after Bersu's Little Woodbury excavations, and Professor Hawkes's consequent reinterpretation of the Cranborne Chase ‘village’ of Woodcuts as superimposed successive farmsteads. The ‘villages’ of the old Ordnance Survey Map of Roman Britain have no place in the scheme of things exemplified in the 1956 edition. But the new orthodoxy of the ‘single farm’ as the dominant, or indeed the exclusive, settlement form in the Roman and immediately pre-Roman countryside has itself been thrown open to doubt as scholars have, on the one hand, accumulated more evidence of the actual abundant variety of Iron Age to Roman settlement types and, on the other, questioned themselves and each other more closely on the origins of the pattern of English settlement, and the probability that it was not imprinted on a countryside devoid of all trace of previous land-use and organization.
Two ‘Lost’ Greek Inscriptions
Authors: Cook B. F.
Published: November 2011

Two Greek inscriptions, originally discovered and published in the eighteenth century but subsequently ‘lost’, appeared at Sotheby's during 1970 in sales of inscriptions from the collections of the Earl of Lonsdale at Lowther Castle, The first, a list of magistrates and officials of the municipium of Rhegium, was found at Reggio Calabria in 1727, and the second, a metrical inscription from a fountain, was brought from Lesbos to England in 1748. Both have been acquired for the British Museum.
The Location and Relationship of the Sancton Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries
Authors: Faull Margaret Lindsay
Published: November 2011

Examination of the Rolleston papers and local field-work have permitted identification of the site of the Sancton II cemetery and ascription of objects in the Ashmolean Museum to individual burials described by Rolleston. It can now be seen that, during the sixth century A.D., a small, predominantly inhumation cemetery close to the village was in use concurrently with the large cremation cemetery, which had begun on the top of the wold in the early fifth century and which was possibly used by surrounding communities, and that the Christian church was eventually built on the same site as the inhumation cemetery.
The Second Marquis of Rockingham, Coin Collector
Authors: Hopper R. J.
Published: November 2011

The Second Marquis of Rockingham (1730–1782) was a devoted collector of Roman Imperial coins. The letters here published cover only a limited period of his collecting activity, but they are significant for his association with Mr. James Byres, his agent in Rome. They make clear the enthusiasm of Lord Rockingham, and the involvement of Mr. Byres in the sometimes murky conditions of the Italian market. The letters include details on a number of historic personalities as well as minor figures in the world of dealers. Finally, an effort is made to examine the attitudes of noble collectors in the eighteenth century and before to the coins they acquired, and the important sequel at the end of the century.
Our First Charter
Authors: Pugh R. B.
Published: November 2011

The Antiquaries decided to seek incorporation in March I751 and secured a royal charter, little supplemented since, in the following November. By using all known domestic and governmental records and also many ‘blue books’ the charter's progress from petition to patent is here traced and the composition of its cost examined. The key position of the Attorney General now occupied by the Privy Council Office, the scrupulous observance of obsolescent legal formalities, and the Antiquaries' debt to the Royal Society's charters are emphasized. Domestic interest apart, the article contributes to the neglected study of eighteenth-century diplomatic.
Mother and Sun in Romano-Celtic Religion
Authors: Green Miranda J.
Published: November 2011

This paper examines the two dominant cults of Sky and Fertility in the Romano-Celtic world. There are no literary allusions to a link between the two concepts, but a substantial body of archaeological data does exist which testifies to a close iconographic association between the images and symbolism reflecting beliefs in celestial and fertility powers. The most important material evidence consists of a group of small clay statuettes representing female figures decorated with what are probably solar symbols. Allied to this is evidence for an association between the Celtic Mother-Goddesses (theDeae Matres) and cosmic motifs, particularly the solar wheel. It is also possible to identify traces of a fertility aspect to the cult of a male solar divinity. Whilst the simplistic argument for a divine ‘marriage’ between sky-father and earth-mother (Hatt 1965) is not here advanced, there is, nevertheless, strong evidence from Gaul and Britain that the two major cults of the Romano-Celtic world were clearly intertwined. This association need not be such a paradox as it might seem; the sun, like the rain, was essential for crop-growth, and the iconography appears to demonstrate acknowledgement of, and gratitude for, this interaction between natural—or supernatural—phenomena.
The excavation of a Roman barrow at Riseholme, near Lincoln
Authors: Thompson F. H.
Published: November 2011

The parish of Riseholme lies immediately north of the Lincoln city boundary and on the east side of Ermine Street as it runs along the top of the Jurassic ridge towards the Humber. It is an area of fertile, easily worked land lying between 130 and 200 ft. above sea-level, and must have presented a sharp contrast, in prehistoric eyes, to the areas of difficult settlement on the low-lying clays to east and west. The latter no doubt came under the plough in Roman times and indeed probably formed the bulk of the territorium attached to the colonia at Lincoln after its foundation at the end of the first century; but the higher ground, with few or no trees to clear, must still have seemed desirable land to the discharged legionary.
A Carolingian rock crystal from the Abbey of Saint-Denis at the British Museum
Authors: de Montesquiou-Fezensac Blaise
Published: November 2011

The engravings devoted to the Trésor in Dom Félibien's history of the abbey of Saint-Denis, in spite of their inaccuracy, are a precious source of information about the pieces, some extremely ancient, that composed that celebrated ensemble, unfortunately dispersed at the Revolution. On the plate by Nicolas Guérard, dealing with the third armoire, is pictured a reliquary consisting of two oval rock crystals, placed one above the other, in a rich gold setting (Fig. I). The crystal situated beneath, which is the larger one, is engraved with a representation of Christ on the Cross between the Virgin and St. John the Evangelist. We learn from Dom Félibien that in his time—his book was printed in 1706—this reliquary enclosed some remnants of the clothes of St. Louis, king of France.
The Volute in Late-Arretine Ware, and its Adoption in Early South Gaulish Terra Sigillata in the Tiberius-Claudius Period
Authors: Oswald Felix
Published: November 2011

The adoption of the volute in later Arretine ware has been ably demonstrated by Oxé as the result of the unrolling and disarticulation of the drooping palmette—a transformation which Drexel had previously advocated and described.

The tendency of the drooping palmette to uncurl the tips of its leaflets (either upwards or downwards) was already visible in the Anta-capital, in a capital of a temple of Apollo at Didyma, and at Priene. No. 5 with an upward curl of the leaflets occurs on the Cyma of the tholos at Epidauros; a downward curl is visible in a terra-cotta metope, no. 4, at Pallazalle, Sicily, and on Arretine ware stamped C ANNI at Tübingen; also on an Arretine ATEIVS crater at Haltern.
The Dedication Inscription at Jarrow and its Context
Authors: Higgitt John
Published: November 2011

The early Anglo-Saxon dedication inscription at Jarrow is described, transcribed, and translated. Its purpose is considered and its contents are analysed and compared to Anglo-Saxon and Continental inscriptions, liturgical calendars, and papal documents. The stages in the execution are discussed. The lettering is shown to be in a relatively pure Roman capital without Insular forms. The other inscriptions of Monkwearmouth and Jarrow are considered in relation to the dedication inscription. Three probably consecutive palaeographical groups are suggested and similarities to lettering in manuscripts from the same centres are noted. The contents of extant and recorded inscriptions, including those attributable to Bede, are examined for evidence of their historical contexts. Most of the inscriptions emerge as characteristically ‘Roman’ products of the two houses.
A Medieval Brass Mortar from South Wales and its Affinities
Authors: Lewis J. M.
Published: November 2011

Ten medieval ribbed mortars from British collections, only three with known provenances, are described, and their relationship with the Hispano-Moresque and Islamic series of such vessels discussed. They have been sampled for analysis of the alloys used in their manufacture, most being found to be alloys which would today be referred to as ‘leaded bronze’ or ‘leaded gunmetal’. The Deptford mortar, however, was found to be made from an impure copper, and the Coity vessel from a ‘leaded brass’.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Wheeler Mortimer
Published: November 2011

On 1st July 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace laid before the Linnean Society their independent but closely approximate theories of biological evolution. Next year the centenary of that event—I suppose the greatest intellectual event of the nineteenth century—will be celebrated in a variety of ways and places. The steadfast gaze of the Prince Consort, from beneath his gilded tabernacle in Kensington Gardens, will encompass an international throng of celebrants at the doors of his great rotunda across the road; and we may imagine his puzzled but inquiring spirit hovering a trifle uneasily over the commemoration of an event which marked, if not darkened, his declining years. I trust that we ourselves shall, at the proper time, respectfully recall a moment which was to mean only less to the humanistic than to the biological sciences.
William Morris and the Kelmscott Estate
Authors: Dufty A. R.
Published: November 2011

I Have been looking about for a house for the wife and kids, and whither do you guess my eye is turned now? Kelmscott, a little village about two miles above Radcott Bridge—a heaven on earth; an old stone Elizabethan house like Water Eaton, and such a garden! close down on the river, a boat house and all things handy. I am going down there again on Saturday with Rossetti and my wife: Rossetti because he thinks of sharing it with us if the thing looks likely.…

[William Morris to C. J. Faulkner, 17 May 1871]