bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching healthy behaviour knowledge in primary school physical education
Authors: Hodges Michael , Hodges Kulinna Pamela , Lee Chong
Published: June 2014

Study aim: To determine the effectiveness of a newly designed series of fitness segments that can be used to provide healthy behaviour knowledge (HBK) for 5th grade Physical Education classes.

Material and methods: 641 pupils from six intervention (n = 401) and five control (n = 240) schools were used. The intervention schools received a five-week intervention of 12-minute fitness segments for each class period. A cognitive test that has been shown to produce valid and reliable scores (28-questions) was used to assess pupils’ HBK at pre – and post – examination. Pedometers were also used to examine physical activity levels differences. Hierarchical Linear Modeling using a two-level multilevel model was used to investigate mean changes in HBK between intervention and control groups.

Results: Pupils in the intervention classes had 0.8-unit greater mean improvements in HBK than did control pupils (p < 0.05). Girls also had greater mean changes in HBK than did boys (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between intervention and control groups in physical activity levels.

Conclusion: This type of fitness segment can be one strategy used by teachers to aid the instruction of HBK without decreasing physical activity participation in classes.
Intercultural Communication and Management Factors and Their Impact to the Process of Global Software Development for Virtual and Non-Virtual Teams
Authors: Isern Germinal
Published: June 2014

This position paper presents the factors involved in the successful software development and what is the impact of some methodologies like Agile in this process. Global software development projects may be a total success or an anticipated disaster for simple reasons that usually have nothing to do with the technology involved, with the time differences, or the product being built, but because of subtle intercultural factors. How do the language, the race, the gender, the religion, and the location affects the software development process from analysis and design to implementation, testing and maintenance? Do all these factors impact in the same way if we are working with a local team, and offshore development team or even a global virtual team? Is any specific software development methodology better suited for your particular case? How could you decide what’s the better approach? What will be the results and what our goals? The issues at stake are not superficial matters of the ways how people dress, or how clear do they speak in our local language, or what they like to eat, or their small daily behaviors, but are based in the fundamental differences in the systems of values that govern our lives. So institutions, corporations and global companies have to raise the level of awareness of their employees worldwide on the cultural differences, through various programs for intercultural or diversity training. But this poor model of cultural awareness is not enough to overcome some of the obstacles that intercultural differences bring to the table. So this paper will list and describe this important intercultural factors that directly impact in the software development process and how certain software development methodologies could be used in order to have a more systematic look or set of guidelines that would allow the team managers to evaluate and to decide how theuse of each one of these software development methodologies for local teams, non local teams and virtual teams will affect positively or negatively the outcomes of software development practices.
Advancing Leadership Pipeline Through the Development of High-Potential Employees
Authors: Winiarska-Januszewicz Alicja Anna , Winiarski Jacek
Published: June 2014

Per latest research of Corporate Executive Board - Corporate Leadership Council organization (CLC) in HiPo Program Operations and Outcomes Survey, highpotential employees are defined as twice as valuable to an organization and three times more likely to succeed as future leaders. However, the number of high potentials has declined 48% over last 5-10 years. Talent management (TM) represents organization’s effort to attract, develop and retain skilled and valuable employees. Its goal is to make sure that organization has all capabilities and commitment needed for current and future organization success. An organization’s talent pool, specifically management talent, is often referred to as leadership pipeline. Leadership pipeline is managed with a help of various systems, processes and organization structure. The pipeline changes as the organization needs change and is influenced by many inside and outside influencers. The goal overall is to make sure that organization can identify who “is ready now” and who is “on track” for larger leaderships roles. Managing this identification and making sure talent pool is aligned with organization needs is in today’s economy the greatest challenge for talent management. Employees within the leadership pipe - mangers and leaders need to be managed with strategy that measures employees’ performance and ability along with aspiration and engagement. TM needs to ensure that the criteria used to identify pipeline members are consistently applied across the workforce and clearly communicated with them about their status and associated responsibilities, as they are the pool of future organizational leaders. Talent management strategy for high potentials often fails as organizations select the wrong criteria to identify leadership pipeline members. Confusing performance with potential, lack of due diligence, vague criteria and questionable accuracy are among many challenges that are present while building organization talent pool.
Applying the Communication Perspective for Global Compliance Training
Authors: Piecewicz Mary M. , Luo Gang
Published: June 2014

With the advancement of telecommunication technologies and strategic outsourcing, globalized business management has become a necessity to establish and maintain operations in lucrative emerging markets. With the world’s largest market, talent pool and labor force, China has emerged as an inevitable destination for many multinationals. However, China’s unique political system, socio-economical settings and cultural environment poses the great challenges to global businesses. One of the greatest hurdles faced by multinationals is effectively transporting Western business conduct and ethics. Embedding Western ethical compliance into operations based on China’s powerful and highly influential cultural practice - Guanxi Networking - is proving to be the ultimate challenge. To address this intercultural disconnect, this research paper applies the principles of the communication perspective, derived from the theories and practice of the Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM). Our proposal suggests an ethics compliance training based on a framework of trust and collaboration - a new approach to tackle the dilemma between the Western ethics and the cultural norms driven by guanxi networking. This research based proposal explores the application of the communication perspective in a holistic method.
Social networking sites in a customer communication based on author’s own research
Authors: Kaczorowska-Spychalska Dominika
Published: June 2014

A role of social media in a communication process with a contemporary customer is systematically increasing, which is reflected in a size of marketing budgets allocated to this objective. Hence, people have always shared their opinions, remarks, and feelings, and social networking sites are perfect space for that purpose. Brands, which will understand the social media essence and lead a narration with their customers in a creative way, have an opportunity to last longer in their awareness. However, it is worth to consider what the customers expect and what they are inspired by which makes them active in social networking services.
Two New Species of Scaphyglottis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) from Colombia
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta
Published: June 2014

. Two new species of Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl. from Colombia are described, illustrated and placed within a key for determination of Colombian Scaphyglottis species. The taxonomic affinities of each species are briefly discussed and information about their distribution and ecology is given.
L’univers culinaire roumain sous la plume de Radu Anton Roman et de ses traducteurs
Authors: Coiug Ana
Published: June 2014

The article proposes a comparative view over the treatment applied to Romanian cuisine terms in two translations of a book by Radu Anton Roman, journalist and writer fond of gastronomy. Marily le Nïr and Alistair Ian Blyth used sometimes similar, sometimes different means to render the names of dishes, ingredients, tools, measure units or Romanian traditions. Their work is successful, but the connotations of some words prove that absolute equivalence of terms remains illusory.
Éthique et esthétique de l’Autre en traduction : une réflexion à partir de récentes critiques contre la traductologie d’Antoine Berman
Authors: Lemieux René
Published: June 2014

From a debate started by Charles Le Blanc in his book Le Complexe d’Hermès against translation study theories, the author reviews three kinds of criticism - the theoretical scope of translation studies, the figure of the Other, and the role of Bildung - each time returning to the texts written by Antoine Berman in response to Le Blanc’s criticism. It is then unveiled that in this polemic one can find a work close in spirit to that of German Romantics and an invitation to continue reflection beyond the strict debate on translation to bring it to “what society is made of”.
Tradurre le licenziosità di linguaggio: una questione etica o di pudore?
Authors: Nănău Iulia
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the fact that when it comes to the translation of contemporary Italian fiction into Romanian, obscene and indecent language is being censored. Terms like ethics of reading, ethics of translation or decency will be discussed in order to find an answer to the question posed by the legitimacy of censorship in the name of decency, differently understood, in this particular case, by the translator and the author or the readers. The inadequacy of not translating obscene language will be demonstrated using textual analysis techniques.
De Mons à Bergen De l’intraduisibilité des noms propres
Authors: Vaxelaire Jean-Louis
Published: June 2014

Cet article s’arrête sur la question de l’intraduisibilité des noms propres. Celle-ci naît de l’idée que, puisque le référent est unique, le nom propre qui lui est associé devrait lui aussi être unique et donc intraduisible. Le traducteur ne peut se contenter de ce lieu commun : les noms propres ne peuvent pas être séparés artificiellement du reste du texte et il n’existe pas un traitement simple de la catégorie, certains devant être modifiés, d’autres conservés dans leur forme originale.
Epistémologie du nom propre en traduction
Authors: Ballard Michel
Published: June 2014

Cette étude repose sur les principes de la traductologie réaliste, c’est-à-dire l’observation des produits de l’activité de traduction comme voie d’accès aux éléments et aux paramètres qui la constituent. La spécificité des noms propres constitue l’obstacle naturel à leur traduction au sens classique du terme mais leur potentiel sémantique peut, de façon naturelle ou par insertion dans des contextes de création littéraire ou pragmatique, générer des modes de traduction qui vont du littéralisme à la recréation, sans parler de ceux qui correspondent aux sollicitations de normes temporelles ou stylistiques. L’épistémologie du nom propre se construit en fin de compte dans le cadre d’une sémiotique qui intègre les fonctions du signe dans son contexte social de production et celles qu’on lui fait assumer dans les textes.
Sur la francisation d’un toponyme écossais : l’« Argail » de Charles Nodier
Authors: Vacelet Sébastien
Published: June 2014

Cette enquête met en vis-à-vis, d’une part, la conception que le linguiste et théoricien Charles Nodier (1780-1844) expose dans ses Notions élémentaires de linguistique (1834) au sujet de l’orthographe inaltérable des noms propres et, d’autre part, la pratique du conteur et du créateur qu’il est dans le même temps dans Trilby (1822). Il est ainsi envisagé de résoudre la question de la francisation du toponyme Argyle (en référence à la région des lacs d’Écosse), orthographié par Nodier, contre toute attente, Argail dans son conte. Cette forme Argail, au-delà d’un simple processus de translittération et des justifications en trompe-l’oeil dévoilées par Nodier lui-même dans la préface de son oeuvre, laisse en réalité découvrir de savantes manipulations relevant de quatre domaines : l’histoire de la langue, la phonétique, la graphie, l’étymologie enfin.
Escritores tradutores brasileiros e a tradução dos nomes próprios
Authors: De Sousa Germana , Puttini Sonia , Mariath Camilla , Bispo Aline , Nunes Jakeline
Published: June 2014

Trata-se de verificar como se dá a tradução de nomes próprios na prosa traduzida para o português do Brasil por grandes escritores brasileiros no âmbito da Editora e Livraria do Globo de Porto Alegre. As obras do corpus são constituídas por romances e contos pertencentes ao cânone da literatura em língua inglesa e da literatura francesa
Alcune considerazioni sugli eccessi dell’autocensura dell’impudico nella traduzione in rumeno del romanzo Venuto almondo di Margaret Mazzantini
Authors: Cosma Iulia
Published: June 2014

Astratto

L’intento dell’articolo è quello di evidenziare gli effetti dell’autocensura del traduttore sulla lettura di un romanzo italiano contemporaneo, la cui versione in romeno è stata epurata dai termini licenziosi. Valutando come irrelevante la questione riguardante la motivazione del traduttore, lo scopo è quello di elencare e analizzare le notevoli differenze esistenti tra il testo originale e la sua versione in romeno, per rilevare e, di conseguenza, in un certo senso, annullare gli effetti di tale censura, rendendo giustizia alla scrittrice e alla sua opera.
Alfred Werner's Chemistry of Dinuclear Complexes – A Test Case of Werner's Intuition
Authors: Blacque Olivier , Berke Heinz
Published: June 2014

The re-investigation of four original tris-bridged dinuclear dicobalt complexes from the Werner collection of the University of Zurich by X-ray diffraction studies is described. The complex [Co2(NH3)6(?-NH2) (?-OH)(?-O2)](NO3)3
was studied recently. As the most interesting feature it was found to contain a ?-superoxo bridge, recognized by Alfred Werner and his coworker as an asymmetric peroxo bridge. The newly established ?-mono- and diacetato structures from crystals of the Werner collection, [Co2(NH3)6(?-OH)2(?-O2CMe)](NO3)3·H2O
and [Co2(NH3)6(?-OH)(?-O2CMe)2](NO3)3·H2O, were assigned by Alfred Werner and his co-workers as mono- or di-bridged systems with the water functioning as ?1-aqua ligands and
not, as revealed by the X-ray diffraction studies, as solvate molecules. Similarly the exact nature of the ?(N, O) nitrito bridge in the structure of the [Co2(NH3)6(?-OH)2(?-O2N)](NO3)3·H2O
complex from the Werner collection was left open in Werner's and his coworker's description. Only the accuracy of the X-ray diffraction study could ascertain any earlier 'good guess'. The assignment of the bridges of bridged dinuclear structures at Werner's time are well conceived considering
the lack of appropriate analytical tools. The structural assignments of Alfred Werner for the discussed dinuclear complexes are therefore considered to deviate only marginally from the real structures. They are testimonies of Alfred Werner's predictive abilities in coordination chemistry supported
by his prepared mind, his great abilities of intuition and conceptual thinking.
Analyzing Ammonia Bridges – and more about Bonding in Boron-rich Solids
Authors: Albert Barbara , Hofmann Kathrin
Published: June 2014

Three types of boron-rich compounds in unusual bonding situations are described: First, salts that contain closo-hydroborate anions and exhibit hydrogen and dihydrogen bonds and a strong ammonia network; second, boron-rich metal borides with an unexpected metal–metal bond stabilized
by Peierls distortion; and third, nanoscale metal borides that bind selectively to certain heptapeptides identified by the phage display technique.
Conference Report CH analysis 2013
Authors: Zhurov Konstantin O. , Stewart Theodora J.
Published: June 2014

Two PhD students reflect on their experience and impressions of the latest CH analysis 2013 conference, held at Beatenberg this past November.
Oxidative Status, Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Profile of Broiler Chickens Reared under Free-range and Severely Feed-restricted Conditions Compared with Conventional Indoor Rearing
Authors: Michiels Joris , Tagliabue Michele M. , Akbarian Abdollah , Ovyn Anneke , De Smet Stefaan
Published: June 2014

An animal's antioxidant system is fundamentally complex aiming at finding a balance between pro-oxidative and anti-oxidative stressors in the body. To further unravel the animal's response to oxidative stressors we used free-range broilers combined with severe feed restriction as opposed to conventional broilers as a reference. At 21 days of age, 36 Ross 308 broilers were divided into three groups. The first group (I42) was raised indoors according to common practices and fed ad libitum. The second group (O42) was transferred to outdoors on a grass pasture and fed once daily 50% ad libitum. At 42 days of age, eight birds from each group were sampled. The third group (O70) was reared similar to O42 but was sampled at 70 days, having approximately the same final weight as birds I42. Compared to I42 birds, the O42 birds showed a higher and lower concentration of malondialdehyde and α-tocopherol in their plasma, respectively; indicating oxidative stress after 3 weeks of free-ranging and feed restriction. As a response, the glutathione synthesis was up-regulated as manifested by increased levels of glutathione in the liver in O42 compared with I42, and in the jejunal mucosa in O42 and O70 compared with I42, and by a three- to four-fold increase in erythrocytes in O70 compared with the other groups. Regarding meat quality, the outdoor birds showed a darker and yellower colour of breast meat as compared with those reared indoors. Muscle total fatty acid content was higher in O42 compared to I42 and O70, which was reflected in the content of individual fatty acids (mg/100g meat), whereas differences in fatty acid profile (% of total fatty acids) between groups were marginal. To conclude, free-ranging together with feed restriction elicited remarkable changes in the animal's antioxidant system, while changes in meat oxidative stability were less pronounced and more difficult to interpret.
Cows Come Down from the Mountains before the (Mw = 6.1) Earthquake Colfiorito in September 1997; A Single Case Study
Authors: Fidani Cristiano , Freund Friedemann , Grant Rachel
Published: June 2014

The September–October 1997 seismic sequence in the Umbria–Marche regions of Central Italy has been one of the stronger seismic events to occur in Italy over the last thirty years, with a maximum magnitude of Mw = 6.1. Over the last three years, a collection of evidence was carried out regarding non-seismic phenomena, by interviewing local residents using a questionnaire. One particular observation of anomalous animal behaviour, confirmed by many witnesses, concerned a herd of cows, which descended from a mountain close to the streets of a village near the epicentre, a few days before the main shock. Testimonies were collected using a specific questionnaire including data on earthquake lights, spring variations, human diseases, and irregular animal behaviour. The questionnaire was compiled after the L’Aquila earthquake in 2009, and was based upon past historical earthquake observations. A possible explanation for the cows’ behavior—local air ionization caused by stress-activated positive holes—is discussed.
Entropy Content During Nanometric Stick-Slip Motion
Authors: Creeger Paul , Zypman Fredy
Published: June 2014

To explore the existence of self-organization during friction, this paper considers the motion of all atoms in a systems consisting of an Atomic Force Microscope metal tip sliding on a metal slab. The tip and the slab are set in relative motion with constant velocity. The vibrations of individual atoms with respect to that relative motion are obtained explicitly using Molecular Dynamics with Embedded Atom Method potentials. First, we obtain signatures of Self Organized Criticality in that the stick-slip jump force probability densities are power laws with exponents in the range (0.5, 1.5) for aluminum and copper. Second, we characterize the dynamical attractor by the entropy content of the overall atomic jittering. We find that in all cases, friction minimizes the entropy and thus makes a strong case for self-organization.
A Single Phase Doubly Grounded Semi-Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Authors: Ahmed Tofael , Soon Tey , Mekhilef Saad
Published: June 2014

In this paper, a single phase doubly grounded semi-Z-source inverter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed for photovoltaic (PV) systems. This proposed system utilizes a single-ended primary inductor (SEPIC) converter as DC-DC converter to implement the MPPT algorithm for tracking the maximum power from a PV array and a single phase semi-Z-source inverter for integrating the PV with AC power utilities. The MPPT controller utilizes a fast-converging algorithm to track the maximum power point (MPP) and the semi-Z-source inverter utilizes a nonlinear SPWM to produce sinusoidal voltage at the output. The proposed system is able to track the MPP of PV arrays and produce an AC voltage at its output by utilizing only three switches. Experimental results show that the fast-converging MPPT algorithm has fast tracking response with appreciable MPP efficiency. In addition, the inverter shows the minimization of common mode leakage current with its ground sharing feature and reduction of the THD as well as DC current components at the output during DC-AC conversion.
Genetic Variants in Human Leukocyte Antigen-DP Influence Both Hepatitis C Virus Persistence and Hepatitis C Virus F Protein Generation in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Yue Ming , Jiang Longfeng , Deng Xiaozhao , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhang Yun , Zhu Danyan , Xiao Wen , Zhou Zhenxian , Yao Wenjuan , Kong Jing , Yu Xiaojie , Wei Juan
Published: June 2014

Chronic hepatitis C is a serious liver disease that often results in cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the association of human leukocyte antigen-DP (HLA-DP) variants with risk of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) or anti-F antibody generation. We selected two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region including HLA-DPA1 (rs3077) and HLA-DPB1 (rs9277534) and genotyped SNPs in 702 cases and 342 healthy controls from the Chinese population using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Moreover, the exon 2 of the HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 genes were amplified and determined by sequencing-based typing (SBT). The results showed that rs3077 significantly increased the risk of chronic HCV infection in additive models and dominant models (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32 and 1.53). The rs3077 also contributed to decrease the risk of anti-F antibody generation in additive models and dominant models (OR = 0.46 and 0.56). Subsequent analyses revealed the risk haplotypes (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0501 and DPA1*0103-DPB1*0201) and protective haplotypes (DPA1*0202-DPB1*0501 and DPA1*0202-DPB1*0202) to chronic HCV infection. Moreover, we also found that the haplotype of DPA1*0103-DPB1*0201 and DPA1*0202-DPB1*0202 were associated with the anti-F antibody generation. Our findings show that genetic variants in HLA-DP gene are associated with chronic HCV infection and anti-F antibody generation.
SPECT and PET Serve as Molecular Imaging Techniques and in Vivo Biomarkers for Brain Metastases
Authors: Palumbo Barbara , Buresta Tommaso , Nuvoli Susanna , Spanu Angela , Schillaci Orazio , Fravolini Mario , Palumbo Isabella
Published: June 2014

Nuclear medicine techniques (single photon emission computerized tomography, SPECT, and positron emission tomography, PET) represent molecular imaging tools, able to provide in vivo biomarkers of different diseases. To investigate brain tumours and metastases many different radiopharmaceuticals imaged by SPECT and PET can be used. In this review the main and most promising radiopharmaceuticals available to detect brain metastases are reported. Furthermore the diagnostic contribution of the combination of SPECT and PET data with radiological findings (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) is discussed.
Analyzing Spatiotemporal Anomalies through Interactive Visualization
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liao Qi , Shi Lei , Dong Weishan
Published: June 2014

As we move into the big data era, data grows not just in size, but also in complexity, containing a rich set of attributes, including location and time information, such as data from mobile devices (e.g., smart phones), natural disasters (e.g., earthquake and hurricane), epidemic spread, etc. We are motivated by the rising challenge and build a visualization tool for exploring generic spatiotemporal data, i.e., records containing time location information and numeric attribute values. Since the values often evolve over time and across geographic regions, we are particularly interested in detecting and analyzing the anomalous changes over time/space. Our analytic tool is based on geographic information system and is combined with spatiotemporal data mining algorithms, as well as various data visualization techniques, such as anomaly grids and anomaly bars superimposed on the map. We study how effective the tool may guide users to find potential anomalies through demonstrating and evaluating over publicly available spatiotemporal datasets. The tool for spatiotemporal anomaly analysis and visualization is useful in many domains, such as security investigation and monitoring, situation awareness, etc.
Biomechanical Properties of Hemlocks: A Novel Approach to Evaluating Physical Barriers of the Plant–Insect Interface and Resistance to a Phloem-Feeding Herbivore
Authors: Ayayee Paul , Yang Fuqian , Rieske Lynne
Published: June 2014

Micromechanical properties that help mediate herbivore access may be particularly important when considering herbivorous insects that feed with piercing-sucking stylets. We used microindentation to quantify the micromechanical properties of hemlock, Tsuga spp., to quantify the hardness of the feeding site of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae. We measured hardness of the hemlock leaf cushion, the stylet insertion point of the adelgid, across four seasons in a 1 y period for four hemlock species growing in a common garden, including eastern, western, mountain, and northern Japanese hemlocks. Leaf cushion hardness was highest in the fall and winter and lowest in summer for all species. Northern Japanese hemlock had relatively greater hardness than the remaining species. Our data contributes an additional perspective to the existing framework within which greater susceptibility and subsequent mortality of eastern hemlocks is observed. The potential application of microindentation to understanding the nature and relevance of plant mechanical defenses in plant–herbivore interactions is also demonstrated and highlighted.
Numerosol A–D, New Cembranoid Diterpenes from the Soft Coral Sinularia numerosa
Authors: Tseng Yen-Ju , Yang Yuan-Chien , Wang Shang-Kwei , Duh Chang-Yih
Published: June 2014

Four new cembrane-type diterpenes; numerosol A–D (1–4); along with a known steroid; gibberoketosterol (5); were isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Sinularia numerosa. The structures of these metabolites were determined by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Gibberoketosterol (5) exhibited cytotoxicity against P-388 (mouse lymphocytic leukemia) cell line with an ED50 of 6.9 μM.
Emergent Properties and Toxicological Considerations for Nanohybrid Materials in Aquatic Systems
Authors: Saleh Navid , Afrooz A. , Bisesi, Joseph , Aich Nirupam , Plazas-Tuttle Jaime , Sabo-Attwood Tara
Published: June 2014

Conjugation of multiple nanomaterials has become the focus of recent materials development. This new material class is commonly known as nanohybrids or “horizon nanomaterials”. Conjugation of metal/metal oxides with carbonaceous nanomaterials and overcoating or doping of one metal with another have been pursued to enhance material performance and/or incorporate multifunctionality into nano-enabled devices and processes. Nanohybrids are already at use in commercialized energy, electronics and medical products, which warrant immediate attention for their safety evaluation. These conjugated ensembles likely present a new set of physicochemical properties that are unique to their individual component attributes, hence increasing uncertainty in their risk evaluation. Established toxicological testing strategies and enumerated underlying mechanisms will thus need to be re-evaluated for the assessment of these horizon materials. This review will present a critical discussion on the altered physicochemical properties of nanohybrids and analyze the validity of existing nanotoxicology data against these unique properties. The article will also propose strategies to evaluate the conjugate materials’ safety to help undertake future toxicological research on the nanohybrid material class.
Water Relationships in the U.S. Southwest: Characterizing Water Management Networks Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Murphy John , Ozik Jonathan , Collier Nicholson , Altaweel Mark , Lammers Richard , Kliskey Andrew , Alessa Lilian , Cason Drew , Williams Paula
Published: June 2014

Natural language processing (NLP) and named entity recognition (NER) techniques are applied to collections of newspaper articles from four cities in the U.S. Southwest. The results are used to generate a network of water management institutions that reflect public perceptions of water management and the structure of water management in these areas. This structure can be highly centralized or fragmented; in the latter case, multiple peer institutions exist that may cooperate or be in conflict. This is reflected in the public discourse of the water consumers in these areas and can, we contend, impact the potential responses of management agencies to challenges of water supply and quality and, in some cases, limit their effectiveness. Flagstaff, AZ, Tucson, AZ, Las Vegas, NV, and the Grand Valley, CO, are examined, including more than 110,000 articles from 2004–2012. Documents are scored by association with water topics, and phrases likely to be institutions are extracted via custom NLP and NER algorithms; those institutions associated with water-related documents are used to form networks via document co-location. The Grand Valley is shown to have a markedly different structure, which we contend reflects the different historical trajectory of its development and its current state, which includes multiple institutions of roughly equal scope and size. These results demonstrate the utility of using NLP and NER methods to understanding the structure and variation of water management systems.
De qui la clepsydre est-elle le nom? Une interprétation du fragment 100 d’Empédocle
Authors: Rashed Marwan
Published: June 2014

Le fragment 100 (Diels) d’Empédocle contient une description du mécanisme de la respiration qui compare ce phénomène au fonctionnement d’une clepsydre. Les historiens ont déployé beaucoup d’ingéniosité pour tenter de mettre en relation, de manière aussi satisfaisante que possible, les éléments de l’artefact et ceux du corps vivant. Ce faisant, ils ont négligé un élément central dans la comparaison∞∞ : le fait que ce soit une jeune fille qui manipule la clepsydre. Le présent article tente donc de proposer une interprétation plus complète. Il montre, en s’appuyant sur un certain nombre de faits historiques et archéologiques, que la jeune fille renvoie sans doute à une présence en nous de Perséphone, et qu’Empédocle a dû s’appuyer sur certains éléments topographiques athéniens pour reconnaître une liaison particulière entre sa propre individualité de poète, Perséphone et l’Amour.
Un concours de drames « anciens » à Athènes
Authors: Summa Daniela
Published: June 2014

From a detailed study of an epigraphic list of theatre victors dated to the first half of the third century B. C., in which ‘ old’ dramas are recorded in contest, I formulate the hypothesis that a new contest of ‘ old’ dramas in Athens was instituted in the third century and more precisely at the date 279/ 8. My hypothesis, based on several documentary sources, is that this contest was instituted within the framework of the contests at the Great Dionysia after the victory of the Greeks over the Galatians in 279/ 8, a victory much celebrated by all those who had taken part in it, with honorary decrees, dedications, statues, new festivals and contests.
Thucydide I, 61, 4: Béroia et la nouvelle localisation de Bréa
Authors: Psoma Sélènè
Published: June 2014

Our information about Brea derives mainly from a well known Athenian inscription of the 5th century BC. On the basis of a fragment of Theopompus’ Philippica, David Asheri located Brea in the Chalcidike. Documents from Mount Athos show that the modern toponym Verghia derives from the toponyms Vrias and Vriôn. A date in the second half of the 430s for the Attic decree for sending a colony at Brea provides the reason for the revolt of the Chalcidean and Bottiaean cities from the Athenian Empire. The toponym Beroia at Thuc. 1.61.4 should be emended to Brea, which provides a better route for the Athenian forces after the end of the siege of Pydna and the treaty with Perdikkas II.
La création de l’agoranomie sous Ptolémée Ier (P. Med. Bar. 16, recto)
Authors: Rodriguez Philippe
Published: June 2014

L’agoranomie était un rouage administratif essentiel de l’Égypte ptolémaïque puisque l’agoranome enregistrait par acte authentique les contrats de vente. C’est Ptolémée Ier qui l’institua. Un prostagma de ce roi autorise à dater son apparition durant son règne. L’agoranomie était une institution typiquement grecque qui permettait à Ptolémée d’avoir la meilleure des informations sur la propriété foncière de son royaume et sur les mutations foncières et de protéger les terres appartenant aux temples indigènes. L’agoranomie fut donc, dès le règne de Ptolémée Ier, un moyen de contrôle de la propriété foncière.
Étude sur l’organisation administrative de la Thrace à l’époque romaine. L’histoire des stratégies
Authors: Parissaki Marie-Gabrielle G.
Published: June 2014

Malgré le caractère souvent lacunaire – voire même contradictoire – des informations disponibles (dix-huit inscriptions mentionnant le titre de strategos, quelques courtes références dans l’oeuvre de Pline l’Ancien et un catalogue dans la Géographie de Claude Ptolémée), les stratégies de la Thrace ont souvent attiré l’attention des savants intéressés par l’histoire de la région∞∞∞ ; car, à l’exception de quelques rares cités fondées à l’intérieur de la Thrace par les Macédoniens (p. ex. Philippopolis) ou leurs imitateurs (Seuthopolis) et pour une assez grande période allant du milieu du Ier s. av. J.-C. jusqu’au grand programme d’urbanisation de l’empereur Trajan au début du IIe s. ap. J.-C., la stratégie semble avoir constitué l’unité de base pour l’organisation administrative de l’arrière-pays. Dans le cadre de cette étude nous essayerons donc de présenter l’état actuel de nos connaissances sur l’histoire de cette institution en Thrace, de définir les différentes étapes de son évolution et d’insérer ces étapes dans le cadre de l’activité administrative des empereurs romains, notamment Claude et Vespasien.
Médecine et philosophie : sur la date de Sextus Empiricus et celle de Diogène Laërce à la lumière du Corpus galénique
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: June 2014

L’objet de l’article est de réévaluer l’oeuvre et la date de Sextus Empiricus en combinant les témoignages philosophiques et médicaux : 1. Sextus dans Diogène Laërce IX 115-116 est l’avant-dernier membre de la lignée des philosophes sceptiques après Timon, mais il est aussi un médecins empirique ; 2. Examen des passages dans l’oeuvre de Sextus indiquant qu’il est médecin et problème de son appartenance à la médecine empirique ou méthodique∞∞∞ ; 3. Examen de la place de Sextus dans le Corpus galénique : il est totalement absent des oeuvres authentiques, malgré les nombreuses informations que Galien donne sur les empiriques (cf. surtout Esquisse empirique, De l’expérience empirique). Il est, en revanche mentionné par le Pseudo-Galien, Médecin (= Introductio sive medicus) en dernier dans la liste des médecins empiriques. 4. La conséquence en est que le floruit de Sextus est postérieur à Galien et date du début du IIIe s., tandis que le Pseudo-Galien, Médecin est postérieur à Sextus et a fortiori à Galien. Quant à Diogène Laërce qui cite non seulement Sextus, mais aussi son disciple Saturninus, il est postérieur d’une génération à Sextus (milieu du IIIe s.).
Images des enfants dans l’Iliade
Authors: Le Meur Nadine
Published: June 2014

Cette étude se propose d’analyser la place et la fonction qu’occupent les enfants (autres qu’Astyanax) dans l’Iliade. Si la présence des enfants sur la scène iliadique est certes discrète, elle n’en est pas moins récurrente dans les comparaisons et sur les vignettes du bouclier d’Achille. Ces mentions apportent au poème un charme indéniable et permettent d’introduire un répit dans la violence des récits de batailles, mais elles confèrent également à l’oeuvre et à son idéal héroïque, une amertume qui colore le récit de façon proprement tragique.
Profane Writings as Vehicles of Faith: A Study of the Evangelization of the South Seas
Authors: Borello Céline
Published: June 2014

Pilgrim’s Progress (1684), that his “ Pilgrims Book [ had] travel’d Sea and Land,” he – perhaps unknowingly – stressed the very nature of the medium through which his original text had been circulating in Great Britain and abroad since 1678. Whether he was aware if it or not, the circulation of his pilgrim story had also been accompanied, or perhaps helped, by, the cuts and engravings that had been commissioned to supplement the text from 1679 onward. This article assesses the role played by illustrations (and behind them by Bunyan’s publishers, illustrators and booksellers) in the early circulation and reception of the soon-to-be world-famous allegory of the Christian life. It examines the birth of a best-seller in light of its nascent “ iconographic tradition” and claims that the images inspired by Bunyan’s text have not only travelled with that text but have also helped it reach other continents and cultures.
Novel Knowledge: Judgment, Experience, Experiment
Authors: Bender John
Published: June 2014

Cet article vise à montrer que le roman de la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle, dans le contexte de la révolution scientifique, est un roman expérimental, quoiqu’il faille concevoir l’expression dans un sens différent de celui qu’entend Zola lorsqu’il affirme que “ le raisonnement expérimental est basé sur le doute.” Quoique le doute demeure une position épistémologique implicite au XVIIIe siècle, le roman n’en participe pas moins des aspirations et des incertitudes concernant la connaissance et l’expérience (dans les différentes acceptions de ce mot en français) qui caractérisent le moment de revolution scientifique où il s’inscrit.
Common Variants of cGKII/PRKG2 Are Not Associated with Gout Susceptibility
Authors: Sakiyama Masayuki , Matsuo Hirotaka , Chiba Toshinori , Nakayama Akiyoshi , Nakamura Takahiro , Shimizu Seiko , Morita Emi , Fukuda Nana , Nakashima Hiroshi , Sakurai Yutaka , Ichida Kimiyoshi , Shimizu Toru , Shinomiya Nariyoshi
Published: June 2014

Objective.

Recently, genetic analyses indicated the association between gout and cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 (cGKII/PRKG2) gene in a Fukien-Taiwanese heritage population. However, no replication study has been reported in other ancestries. Therefore, we investigated this association in a Japanese population.

Methods.

Genotyping of 4 variants (rs11736177, rs10033237, rs7688672, and rs6837293) of cGKII was performed in 741 male gout patients and 1302 male controls.

Results.

cGKII variants have no association with gout.

Conclusion.

Our replication study suggests that cGKII is not involved in gout susceptibility.
Bifidobacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of animals: differences and similarities
Authors: Bunesova V. , Vlkova E. , Rada V. , Killer J. , Musilova S.
Published: June 2014

At present, the genus Bifidobacterium includes 48 species and subspecies, and this number is expected to increase. Bifidobacteria are found in different ecological niches. However, most were originally isolated from animals, mainly mammals, especially during the milk feeding period of life. Their presence in high numbers is associated with good health of the host. Moreover, bifidobacteria are often found in poultry and insects that exhibit a social mode of life (honeybees and bumblebees). This review is designed as a summary of currently known species of the genus Bifidobacterium, especially focused on their difference and similarities. The primary focus is on their occurrence in the digestive tract of animals, as well as the specificities of animal strains, with regard to their potential use as probiotics.
El adverbio νῦν como marcador discursivo
Authors: Ruiz Yamuza Emilia
Published: June 2014

El objetivo del trabajo es establecer los usos del adverbio como marcador discursivo, explicitar sus dominios y proponer una hipótesis sobre las vías de evolución.
El espectro funcional de οὕτω(ς) en los Poemas Homéricos
Authors: Conti Luz
Published: June 2014

En los Poemas Homéricos οὕτω(ς) se emplea, por lo general, como adverbio de Modo; funciona, por tanto, como complemento del predicado verbal, como modificador de otro complemento o como predicado de oraciones copulativas. Sin embargo, también se observan pasajes en los que el adverbio admite un análisis como marcador del discurso. El presente trabajo analiza todos los ejemplos de οὕτω(ς) en Homero y propone una explicación de los usos del adverbio como marcador del discurso a partir de su uso como adverbio prototípico.
La problemática textual del comentario de Galeno al tratado hipocrático Sobre los humores
Authors: Redondo Jordi
Published: June 2014

El comentario al tratado hipocrático De humoribus, atribuido a Galeno hasta fecha reciente, suele en la actualidad asignarse a un falsario renacentista de mediado el siglo XVI, el griego Andreas Darmario. No obstante, el texto depara diferentes tipos de problemas que obligan a replantear la cuestión con detenimiento. La presente nota expone una muestra de tales problemas y apunta una explicación diferente mediante el análisis de la interacción de las lenguas implicadas en la transmisión del texto.
Evaluation of the behavior of brick tile masonry and mortar due to capillary rise of moisture
Authors: Camino M. S. , León F. J. , Llorente A. , Olivar J. M.
Published: June 2014

For a better understanding of the behaviour of old brick masonry in facing the rising damp problem, multiple tests were made in the laboratory: water absorption, moisture content, apparent porosity, temperature and thermal camera imaging on brick masonry and its components: brick and mortar. This has allowed us to determine which of the previous tests is the best in predicting the behaviour of a real wall. In addition, the tests have also helped in defining a process to evaluate the moisture content of walls in a buildings, which is important for heritage restoration projects.
Characterization mixtures of thick gypsum with addition of treated waste from laminated plasterboards
Authors: Rodríguez-Orejón A. , Del Río-Merino M. , Fernández-Martínez F.
Published: June 2014

nvironmental protection involves the reuse of construction and demolition waste. In order to improve recycling, waste from laminated plasterboards is used in the cement and laminated gypsum boards manufacture.This article analyzes the use of ground and burnt laminated plasterboard (BLG) waste mixed with thick gypsum (TG). Physical-mechanical characterization of superficial hardness and mechanical strength has been performed on different batches of plaster powder materials with different BLG waste particle sizes to determine its suitability. Coarse particle sizes were preferred in order to reduce the waste treatment. From all the mixtures studied, the one with the best results was TG + 5% BLG1.25 which forms a material of higher superficial hardness and strength. The results obtained in the study have proved suitable products for building use (both as renders and as prefabricated elements) enabling for a reduction in the consumption of natural resources.
Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como entorno de convergencia tecnológica. El Design Thinking aplicado a la discapacidad intelectual
Authors: De la Fuente Robles Yolanda , Hernández-Galán Jesús
Published: June 2014

En este artículo se presenta una investigación relacionada con el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) por parte de personas con discapacidad intelectual, como medio para aumentar su autonomía en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria (ABVD), ofreciendo a las personas con barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación, un entorno de convergencia tecnológica que cumpla con las características de la accesibilidad universal: invisibilidad, ubicuidad y adaptabilidad. Para ello, fue diseñado un software con un interfaz accesible para hacer que el uso del programa de entrenamiento resultara lo más amable y atractivo posible. El entrenamiento con este programa supuso un aumento de hasta el 10% en la autonomía en algunas categorías de las ABVD, por lo que el software diseñado bajo el parámetro del design thinking ha demostrado ser eficaz.
Responsabilidad social y discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Crowther David , Duarte-Atoche Teresa
Published: June 2014

Hay muchos aspectos de la responsabilidad social corporativa que llegan a manifestarse de diferentes formas en diferentes entornos, pero los derechos humanos son uno de los tres aspectos más importantes. Este trabajo comienza con una revisión de los derechos humanos y de su importancia en los entornos empresariales antes de considerar los matices de la discapacidad que son afectados por la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. Este artículo centra su atención principalmente en la discapacidad intelectual que a menudo se trata como un tema invisible y se elimina del discurso y de cualquier consideración en la estrategia corporativa. Argumentamos que los beneficios de incorporar una preocupación por la discapacidad intelectual en la planificación corporativa pesan más que las desventajas, no sólo en términos sociales y de capital humano sino también en términos financieros. Concluimos afirmando que la incorporación de este aspecto en la planificación corporativa es esencial para desarrollar cualquier negocio sostenible.