bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyse studentischer Diskussionen und Wissenskonstruktionsprozesse während der Peer Instruction beim Einsatz von Votingfragen in einer Anfängervorlesung im Fach Mathematik
Authors: Hoppenbrock Axel
Published: December 2020

Vielen Studenten bereitet der Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule große Schwierigkeiten, was sich unter anderem in den hohen Studienabbruchquoten in Mathematik zeigt. Nach den Ergebnissen verschiedener Studien (Deslauriers et al., 2011; S. Freeman et al., 2014; Smith et al., 2011) können die Leistungen der Studierenden gesteigert und die Abbruchquoten gesenkt werden, wenn die Aktivität der Studierenden während der Vorlesung gegenüber einer traditionellen Vorlesung, in der die Aktivität auf Zuhören und Mitschreiben begrenzt ist, gesteigert wird. Eine Möglichkeit, die Aktivität zu erhöhen, ist der Einsatz von Votingfragen mit Peer Instruction. Dabei werden in die Vorlesung Single-Choice-Votingfragen integriert, über die die Studierenden zwei Mal abstimmen müssen. Zwischen den beiden Abstimmungen bekommen die Studierenden die Aufgabe, sich über die Votingfrage auszutauschen, um gemeinsam die richtige Lösung zu finden. Dieser Austausch wird gemeinhin als Peer Instruction bezeichnet. Aus lerntheoretischer Sicht kann insbesondere der Austausch zwischen Peers dazu beitragen, den Lernprozess der Studierenden zu fördern. Forschungsergebnisse scheinen diese Annahme zu bestätigen. Es ist aber unklar, inwieweit die Studierenden während der Zusammenarbeit neues Wissen generieren können und welches Potenzial die Peer-Instruction-Phase für Mathematikanfängervorlesungen bietet. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird gezeigt, wie die Kleingruppen während der Peer Instruction zusammenarbeiten (i), wie sich die Qualität und die Dauer der Peer Diskussionen mit dem Schwierigkeitsgrad der Votingfragen verändern (ii) und wie die kollaborative Zusammenarbeit der Studierenden während der Peer Instruction zur Genese neuen Wissens beitragen kann (iii). Dazu werden die Peer Diskussionen mit drei unterschiedlichen methodischen Werkzeugen untersucht. Zunächst werden verschiedene Typen von Diskussionen und die relativen Häufigkeiten der einzelnen Typen bestimmt. Anschließend werden die Diskussionen zu drei unterschiedlich schwierigen Votingfragen miteinander verglichen. Im dritten Schritt werden die Diskussionen zu einer Votingfrage interpretativ analysiert. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass die Studierenden in den Gruppen überwiegend kollaborativ zusammenarbeiten (1), die Dauer und die Qualität der Diskussionen mit dem Schwierigkeitsgrad der Votingfrage zunehmen (2) und die Diskussionen im Idealfall den Bedingungen von neo-sokratischen Gesprächen genügen, in denen die Studierenden Erkenntnisfortschritte erzielen und neues Wissen generieren können. Dementsprechend wird das Potenzial der Lehrinnovation zur Förderung des Lernprozesses als positiv bewertet und es werden Vorschläge zur Implementierung solcher Votingfragen mit Peer Instruction diskutiert.
Measuring and monitoring sustainability of coastal tourism destinations
in the Mediterranean
Authors: Coccossis Harry , Koutsopoulou Antonia
Published: December 2020

A key component towards sustainability in coastal
tourist destinations is to establish monitoring and evaluation schemes in order
to measure the impacts of tourism on the economy, society and the environment.
Although there is a great deal of frameworks providing the methodological
baseline for developing the essential monitoring schemes, the relevant
literature has shown that a challenge still exists on adapting these general
frameworks to the particularities of the destinations under assessment. This
paper presents a framework that measures and monitors sustainability at the
local level by introducing a three-tier system of indicators. The framework
manages to incorporate the different types of tourism activities as well as the
special characteristics of coastal tourist destinations in the Mediterranean while
at the same time allows for comparisons among them. The paper emphasizes the
role of local stakeholders’ engagement in the development of the monitoring
framework and discusses the challenges that emerged during the process. Essentially,
the paper provides an alternative way for adjusting general frameworks to allow
sustainability evaluations at the local level. In this sense, five types of
coastal tourism destinations have been identified as critical in the case of
the Mediterranean: beach/maritime destinations, urban/cultural, cruising,
recreational boating and nature/ecotourism destinations.
Analisis Implementasi Metode Demonstrasi Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas X Di SMA Negeri Darussholah Singojuruh
Authors: Muttaqin Ahmad Izza
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan implementasi metode demonstrasi dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam kelas X di SMA Negeri Darussholah Singojuruh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi non-partisipan, wawancara semiterstruktur dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah, guru PAI dan siswa kelas X MIA. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan Teknik triangulasi data dan Teknik triangulasi sumber. Analisis data meliputi data collection (pengumpulan data), data reduction (reduksi data), data display (penyajian data) dan conclusion drawing/verification. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa dalam pembelajaran PAI guru menggunakan metode demonstrasi dengan menerapkan tiga tahap yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Persiapan pembelajaran guru menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran, merumuskan tujuan yang hendak dicapai, mempersiapkan alat-alat atau media yang diperlukan dan memperkiran waktu yang akan digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Faktor pendukungnya yaitu adanya guru yang profesional, media, sarana dan prasarana memadai, membuat siswa lebih mudah memahami apa yang dipelajari.
La maestranza naval en el Callao y Guayaquil coloniales
Authors: Ortiz Sotelo Jorge
Published: December 2020

El trabajo de construcción y reparación de naves de guerra demanda la participación de una diversidad de especialistas, agrupados usualmente en gremios y cofradías, y conocidos en forma colectiva como maestranza naval. En el virreinato peruano, el principal astillero fue Guayaquil, mientras que el Callao fue la base para las fuerzas navales destinadas a protegerlo. En ambos puertos hubo una maestranza significativa, orientada en el primer caso a la construcción naval y en el segundo al mantenimiento y reparación de los buques. El presente trabajo busca brindar luces sobre la forma como estas maestranzas funcionaron durante el periodo colonial, confiando que otros investigadores puedan ahondar en el tema, que sobrevivió a ese periodo y ha llegado hasta el día hoy a través de empresas públicas y privadas en todos los países.
Влияние высокогорья на автолиз мяса яков
Authors:   Almaty technological University, Uzakov Ya.M. , Koshoeva T.R. ,   Kyrgyz state technical University. I. Razzakova, Bishkek, Kaimbaeva L.A. ,   Kazakh national agrarian University, Almaty, Kuznetsova O.N. ,   Turan University, Almaty, Abdykalykova S.S. ,   Kyrgyz state technical University. I. Razzakova, Bishkek
Published: December 2020

The autolysis has a great influence on the meat quality. Currently, the autolysis process is defined in lamb, beef and pork. The autolysis influence on the quality of yak meat was researched only by the scientists of Ulan-Ude University. However, the influence of high- mountains on the autolysis of yak meat was not found in the literature. In this connection, the issue of autolysis process in yak meat in high-mountain conditions causes a great interest. The high-mountain conditions have the effect on the autolysis process of yak meat. The initial pH of the meat rises with the increase of altitude above the sea level. The autolysis process of yak meat from Chui region coincides with beef, while in high-mountain regions it has its own characteristics.
Создание оборудования для обвалки отдельных частей тушек птицы
Authors:   VNIIPP ─ Branch of FSC ARRIPI, Maksimov A.Yu. , Romanenko Yu.I. ,   VNIIPP ─ Branch of FSC ARRIPI, Mikhailenko I.G. ,   VNIIPP ─ Branch of FSC ARRIPI
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the research and development activities on creation of new equipment types for mechanization of the deboning processes for tubular bones of broiler chicken carcasses. The design documentation was developed and the experimental device for manufacturing a new product type from drumsticks and shoulder parts of wings of poultry carcasses of the “tulip” type, as well as technical design for a machine for deboning tubular bones of poultry carcasses were made. The device allows tripling workforce productivity upon manual production of this product type.
Collaborative Governance Antara Pemerintah Desa dengan Warga Desa dalam Pengelolaan Cerobong Sampah dan Bank Sampah di Desa Kramatwatu
Authors: Lestari Ranti Meidita , Farahnisa Tazkiya
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze the Collaborative Governance process and find out the factors that influence the collaboration process in the chimney and waste bank program in Kramatwatu Village. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that collaborative governance in the chimney and waste bank program in Kramatwatu Village had been going well, only one process that had not gone well was commitment, seen from the indicators of collaborative governance according to Ansel and Gash, namely face-to-face dialogue (face to face), building trust (trust building), commitment to the process (commitment to process), shared understanding (share understanding), and intermediate outcomes. Judging from the commitment process in Kramatwatu Village, it has not been going well, it is located in RW 01 and also RW 04, which has a responsibility for the chimney that is not responsible so that the waste reduction is not optimal. The factors that influence the collaboration process are initial conditions, facilitative leadership, and institutional design. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses Collaborative Governance dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi proses kolaborasi dalam program cerobong sampah dan bank sampah di Desa Kramatwatu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa collaborative governance dalam program cerobong sampah dan Bank sampah di Desa Kramatwatu sudah berjalan dengan baik, hanya saja salah satu proses yang belum berjalan dengan baik yaitu komitmen, dilihat dari indikator proses collaborative governance menurut Ansel dan Gash, yaitu dialog tatap muka (face to face), membangun kepercayaan (trust building), komitmen terhadap proses (commitment to process), pemahaman bersama (share understanding), dan hasil antara (Intermediate outcomes). Dilihat pada proses komitmen di Desa Kramatwatu belum berjalan dengan baik ini terletak pada RW 01 dan juga RW 04 yang memiliki penanggungjawab atas cerobong sampah yang kurang bertanggungjawab sehingga kurang maksimalnya pengurangan sampah. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi proses kolaborasi yaitu kondisi awal, kepemimpinan fasilitatif, dan desain institusioanal.
Kepemimpinan Perempuan di Masa Krisis: Studi Kasus Bupati Serang dalam Penanganan Covid-19
Authors: Nurrohman Bayu , Ramadhan Gilang
Published: December 2020

This research tries to see how the female leader in handling Covid-19 in this case is the Regent of Serang, Hj. Ratu Tatu Chasanah in handling the Covid-19 crisis in Serang Regency. This research is important to do because in the midst of the increasing issue of gender pengarustamaan and women's leadership, researchers want to study the quality of elected female regional heads when facing a crisis that occurs in their region. This research offers another approach in research because it tries to see the quality of women regional heads in facing crises, while other research on women leaders tends to portray in quantity how women are represented in both the executive and legislative realms. While the focus of this research is in Serang Regency, Banten Province, because seeing Serang Regency is one of the areas led by women. Furthermore, Serang Regency is also the location where the new Untirta Campus is located. Researchers want to see further how the handling of Covid-19 in Serang Regency is one of the contributions to the scientific development and society of Serang Regency, especially as the object of receiving public policies from the local government. Riset ini mencoba melihat bagaimana pemimpin perempuan dalam penanganan Covid-19 dalam hal ini adalah Bupati Serang, Hj. Ratu Tatu Chasanah dalam penanganan krisis Covid-19 di Kabupaten Serang. Riset ini menjadi penting dilakukan karena ditengah isu pengarustamaan gender dan kepemimpinan perempuan yang semakin kencang, peneliti ingin mengkaji kualitas kepala daerah perempuan yang terpilih ketika menghadapi krisis yang terjadi di daerahnya. Riset ini menawarkan pendekatan lain dalam penelitian karena mencoba melihat kualitas kepala daerah perempuan dalam menghadapi krisis, sementara penelitian lainnya mengenai pemimpin perempuan lebih cenerung memotret secara kuantitas bagaimana keterwakilan perempuan baik dalam ranah eksekutif maupun legislative.Sementara focus dari riset ini adalah di Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten, Karena melihat Kabupaten Serang adalah salah satu daerah yanag dipimpin oleh perempuan. Lebih lanjut Kabupaten Serang juga merupakan lokasi dimana Kampus Untirta yang baru berada. Peneliti ingin melihat lebih jauh bagaimana penanganan Covid-19 di Kabupaten Serang sebagai salah satu sumbangsih bagi pengembangan keilmuan dan masyarakat Kabupaten Serang khususnya sebagai objek penerima kebijakan public dari pemerintah daerah.
Education philosophies - the key to understanding the role of teacher’s beliefs in education practice
Authors: Kunac Sani
Published: December 2020

The contemporary paradigm in pedagogy is focused on a holistic development of an individual through a curricular approach, accentuating the results of learning and teaching. The important and active role of a student in class is emphasized, but also the importance of teacher’s role as the person who shapes the learning environment and who organizes the teaching process. The teacher’s educational philosophy and their beliefs in the background have a great impact on their teaching practice and their actions during class. But there are still discrepancies in definition, identification and classification of educational philosophies. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the educational philosophy literature, to contribute to the construct definition, to point out the importance of educational philosophy research within pedagogy and to point out the connection between the teacher’s educational philosophy and the different aspects of their educational impact.
Upravljanje razvojem pedagoških kompetencija
Authors: Labak Irena
Published: December 2020

Kompetencija podrazumijeva sposobnost ili stručnost pojedinca za uspješno ovladavanje različitih ciljeva. Razlikuju se opće kompetencije, prenosive i neovisne o profesiji, i specifične kompetencije koje su profesionalno ovisne. Svaki pojedinac djeluje u svojem osobnom ili profesionalnom životu koristeći se jednima i drugima. Nastavnicima za obavljanje njihova posla potrebne su brojne kompetencije koje se u radu jednim imenom nazivaju pedagoškim kompetencijama koje, kao i ostale kompetencije, nisu statične i ne mogu se u potpunosti steći tijekom inicijalnog obrazovanja, nego su vrlo dinamične i razvijaju se cijelog života. U radu je predloženo i raspravljeno kako nastavnici tijekom svojega svakodnevnog rada mogu planirati i pratiti vlastiti razvoj pedagoških kompetencija ne bi li bili pasivni sudionici vlastitoga profesionalnog razvoja. Predložen je model ponavljajućih refleksija tijekom kojih se prikupljaju povratne informacije o učinkovitosti razvoja i utvrđivanja novih potreba za daljnji razvoj.
Kockanje mladih iz perspektive stručnih suradnika u srednjim školama
Authors: Mandić Sabina , Lamešić Lucija , Ricijaš Neven
Published: December 2020

Kockanje predstavlja relativno novi oblik rizičnog ponašanja na našim prostorima, a suvremena hrvatska i inozemna znanstvena istraživanja govore u prilog važnosti prevalencije problematičnog kockanja srednjoškolaca. Cilj ovog rada jest istražiti percepciju stručnih suradnika o kockanju mladih u srednjim školama čiji je posao, među ostalim, detekcija rizičnih ponašanja mladih te osiguravanje preventivnih i ranih intervencija. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 120 stručnih suradnika iz 18 hrvatskih županija. Rezultati općenito pokazuju njihovo relativno rijetko susretanje s problemima kockanja kod mladih te podcjenjivanje prevalencije ovog rizičnog ponašanja iako su ispitanici svjesni značajne pristupačnosti kockarskih proizvoda mladima. Istovremeno se stručni suradnici ne procjenjuju dovoljno kompetentnima za pružanje adekvatnih intervencija u ovom području te nisu u dovoljnoj mjeri upoznati s razvijenim edukacijama i intervencijama na našim prostorima. Rezultate se komentiralo u kontekstu njihove važnosti za praksu s ciljem osiguravanja nužnih profesionalnih znanja i vještina.
CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIVE REGIONS USING GIS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Lepetiuk Viktoriia
Published: December 2020

In this article, I compare cartographic methods that can be used for analyzing tourist attractive regions and explore the possibilities of using GIS technologies for such analysis. I provide a specific methodology of searching for the most attractive tourist regions using Voronoi diagrams and heatmaps. I demonstrate the methodology by applying it to certain types of tourist resources in Chernihiv region of Ukraine.
Supernova Explosions in Accretion Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei: Three-dimensional Models
Authors: Moranchel-Basurto A. , Sánchez-Salcedo F. J. , Chametla Raúl O. , Velázquez P. F.
Published: December 2020

Supernova (SN) explosions can potentially affect the structure and evolution of circumnuclear disks in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Some previous studies have suggested that a relatively low rate of SN explosions can provide an effective value of alpha viscosity between 0.1 and 1 in AGN accretion disks within a 1 pc scale. In order to test this possibility, we provide some analytic scalings of the evolution of an SN remnant embedded in a differentially rotating smooth disk. We calibrate our estimates using three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations where the gas is modeled as adiabatic with index γ. Our simulations are suited to include the fact that a fraction of the momentum injected by the SN escapes from the disk into the corona. Based on these results, we calculate the contribution of SN explosions to the effective alpha viscosity, denoted by α
SNe, in a model AGN accretion disk, where accretion is driven by the local viscosity α. We find that for AGN galaxies with a central black hole of

and a disk with viscosity α = 0.1, the contribution of SN explosions may be as large as

, provided that

. On the other hand, in the momentum conservation limit, which is valid when the push by the internal pressure of the SN remnant is negligible, we find

.
Dirofilaria immitis proteins recognized by antibodies from individuals living with microfilaremic dogs
Authors: Torres-Chable Oswaldo M , Brito-Argaez Ligia G , Islas-Flores Ignacio R , Zaragoza-Vera Claudia V , Zaragoza-Vera Maritza , Arjona-Jimenez Guadalupe , Baak-Baak Carlos M , Cigarroa-Toledo Nohemi , Gonzalez-Garduño Roberto , Machain-Williams Carlos I , Garcia-Rejon Julian E
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dirofilaria immitis is a nematode that affects human health in several countries of the world. This study was conducted to examine whether serum samples from the owners of microfilaremic dogs present immunoreactivity to parasite proteins.

Methodology: Eight serum samples from the owners of microfilaremic dogs were examined. Total proteins were extracted from adult worms and 12% SDS-PAGE was performed. The gel was electroblotted to a nitrocellulose membrane, and a Western blot (WB) was performed. Reactive bands of 22, 33, 39, 49, and 63 kDa in WB were excised from the gel and analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS).

Results: The MS results showed the presence of 10 different proteins of D. immitis recognized by the human serum samples.

Conclusions: These results indicate that in endemic areas of D. immitis, owners of infected dogs recognize specific proteins of the parasite, suggesting a possible infection.
Pimpla Fabricius, 1804 (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Uruguay: a replacement name, new records, and an identification key to the species
Authors: Pádua Diego G. , Fernandes Daniell R. R. , Sääksjärvi Ilari E.
Published: December 2020

We report new faunistic records of Pimpla Fabricius, 1804 from Uruguay. The following species are reported from the country for the first time: P. albomarginata Cameron, 1846, P. caerulea Brullé, 1846, P. perssoni Gauld, 1991, and P. semirufa Brullé, 1846. In addition, we propose a replacement name for Pimpla rufipes Brullé, 1846 and provide diagnosis, digital images, and an identification key for all the Pimpla species known to occur in Uruguay.
L’acceptation d’une intervention humanitaire
Authors: Joxe Ludovic , Jaeger Marcel
Published: December 2020

Cet article étudie l’acceptation de l’organisation humanitaire Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) sur ses terrains d’intervention. Il s’intéresse en particulier aux adhésions individuelles des bénéficiaires directs de l’aide et à la reconnaissance plus générale du tissu social local vis-à-vis de l’organisation. En s’appuyant sur une observation participante lors de onze missions humanitaires, cet article met en évidence le fait que les territoires où l’acceptation est la plus aisée sont ceux où la structure sociale est suffisamment faible pour laisser l’espace à MSF de la renforcer, mais suffisamment forte pour protéger l’organisation d’attaques physiques ou politiques potentielles.
Existe-t-il une violence spécifique faite aux femmes ?
Authors: Pingeot Mazarine , de Villeneuve Camille
Published: December 2020

Le mouvement #MeToo a marqué un tournant décisif dans la prise de conscience des agressions sexuelles dont les femmes sont les victimes. Il a suscité des différends au sein des mouvements féministes, aussi bien sur le fond que sur la forme de certaines affaires soulevées sur les réseaux sociaux, en entraînant dans la presse des échanges de tribunes où les camps s’affrontent souvent de façon irréconciliable. À partir de la tribune publiée par Mazarine Pingeot dans Le Monde , le 28 juillet 2020, et des réactions qu’elle a suscitées, nous lui avons proposé de débattre sous la forme épistolaire avec une autre philosophe, Camille de Villeneuve, qui a analysé le mouvement #MeToo dans les colonnes de la revue Études , en leur soumettant cette question : existe-t-il une violence spécifique faite aux femmes ?
Medication Safety in Older Adults: Learning From 2020 as We Launch into 2021
Authors: Brandt Nicole J. , Lee Merton
Published: December 2020

In health care, the year 2020 is marked by the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, with much research published to clarify infection risk, treatment approaches, and proposed interventions to reduce spread and combat complications. Although much work focused on COVID-19, medication safety remains a priority, and studies on adverse drug reactions, high-risk medications, and approaches to mitigate risk associated with chronic medication use, such as inappropriate dosing in hospital settings, were published. A continued commitment to patient-centered care, such as the approach put forth by the Age-Friendly Health Systems initiative and telehealth initiatives, ensures that even as health care practice strives to meet the challenge of an unprecedented global pandemic, safe medication use informed by patient needs continues to guide best practices through lessons learned. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47
(1), 7–11.]
Stochastic and deterministic SIS patch model
Authors: Yeo Ténan
Published: December 2020

Here, we consider an SIS epidemic model where the individuals are distributed on several distinct patches. We construct a stochastic model and then prove that it converges to a deterministic model as the total population size tends to infinity. We next study the equilibria of the deterministic model. Our main contribution is a stability result of the endemic equilibrium in the case \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0>1 $\end{document}. Finally we compare the equilibria with those of the homogeneous model, and with those of isolated patches.
Semantic Teaching Process as a Basis for the Development of Education in Polyfunctional Environment
Authors: Sokhranov-Preobrazhensky Vladimir Vasilyevich , Vishnevskaya Galina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

This chapter discusses the conceptual basis of the studied structure and content of the semantic interaction of a teacher and students on the basis of the relationship between the pedagogy of formation and the pedagogy of self-development. The purpose of the chapter is to detect the opportunities of further implementation of the verbal-illustrative education model based on the re-establishment of the participants' interaction design technology of pedagogical process as the semantic technology of the educational process, and the basis of educational development in the polyfunctional environment. The justification of the relationship of the pedagogical process and the semantic control, the designation of the essence and the basic conditions for the effectiveness of meaning reveal the relevance of the question concerning the factors which contribute to the enhancing students' research competence in modern educational contexts.
HeartBit
Authors: Vishkaie Rojin
Published: December 2020

Biometric heart-rate information is increasingly proliferating through simple wearable technology. However, this technology presents a need for contextual information to guide interpreting physiological responses in lower and higher levels of cognitive abilities. In this paper, the author introduces HeartBit, a sensor-based intervention used for non-obtrusive heart-rate observation of elementary age children within the creative and critical thinking contexts. The author describes the Sandbox as single-session workshop with individual children, the development of HeartBit, and results from Sandboxes with 35 K-1 students (ages 6 and 7). Findings reveal how children's in-situ levels of creativity and critical thinking were observed through an interplay of system design, heart-rate monitoring, and Bloom's Taxonomy educational learning objectives, and how this differed between the individual children.
Technology-Enhanced Classroom to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Omariba Alice
Published: December 2020

This chapter describes how the impact of digital technology can now be felt in all spheres of life leading to global competition especially in education. The vision for technology-enhanced classrooms is one in which student groups work on long-term, multidisciplinary projects involving challenging content that is interesting and important to them with the support of technological tools for collecting, analyzing, displaying and communicating information. In the face of severe social and economic challenges, many developing countries are struggling to overcome barriers to the integration of digital tools in education to help students develop high-order skills and global competences for life and work. This chapter is intended to further discussions on incorporating technologies into instruction in order to bridge the gap between critical thinking skills and digital tools, and helping learners to become globally competent at the digital workplace.
Personalized Learning and Online Instruction
Authors: Svenningsen Louis , Bottomley Steven , Pear Joseph J.
Published: December 2020

This development of digital inclusion with personalized learning has had an impact on how courses are designed and delivered. To that end, a behavioral approach that combines digital with personalized learning is CAPSI (computer-aided personalized system of instruction). In CAPSI, students decide when and where to study course material and where and when to take a test on their learning. The changes occurring in higher education also need to incorporate the development of critical thinking skills. CAPSI is highly adaptable to developing critical or higher-level thinking based on Bloom's taxonomy; CAPSI's emphasis on written answers, providing feedback, and writing appeals leads to higher order thinking. To assess student satisfaction, questionnaires given at the end of a course show that many students find CAPSI to be beneficial to their learning. Also, due to its flexible design, CAPSI is highly modifiable and can be used in all courses in a variety of locations and with students at different educational levels.
Building a “Bridge” Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Coleman Loren Saxton
Published: December 2020

This chapter explores critical media literacy pedagogy. Using case study method, the author argues that The Washington Informer's, “Bridge” publication can be used as a practical pedagogical tool to teach students how to analyze and deconstruct media texts, and simultaneously inform students on how to produce alternative, counter-hegemonic media texts. This approach is consistent with literature on critical media literacy that calls for engaged and empowering pedagogy to encourage students to think critically about their roles in creating and maintaining a radical and participatory democracy.
Teachers' and Students' Role in the Learner-Centered Classrooms
Authors: Amushigamo Angelina Popyeni
Published: December 2020

Prior to Namibia's independence in 1990, the role of the teacher in an educational environment has been defined as the transmission of information to students, and the teacher was regarded as the all-knowing person in the classroom, who slavishly followed the textbook in transmitting the subject matter to the students. In some cases, the teacher did not understand the subject matter that he/she transmitted to students. Therefore, there was no explanation of what was being taught. Students had to sit passively and listen to the teacher; learn by memorization (rote learning), and recall the transmitted information. This study explored perceptions of the role of teachers and students in learner-centered classrooms in a primary school in Namibia. Learner-centered teachers create learning environments that promote students' active engagement with learning and develop critical thinking skills.
Adult Learning
Authors: Monyai Reginald Botshabeng
Published: December 2020

This chapter attempts to provide solutions on how to convert theoretical work into practical work in an online classroom. An analysis of various researchers provides quantitative statistics on how to put theoretical work into practice. The use of digital tools such as social media and the internet have been critically analyzed to provide a bridge between theoretical and practical work in an online classroom. The use of digital tools in linking theory to practice clearly shows the relevance of the topic.
Field-Based Learning for Minority Educators
Authors: Blankenship Rebecca J. , Paquette Paige F. , Davis Cheron H.
Published: December 2020

While many researchers have emphasized the importance of preservice teacher candidates having the opportunity to engage in analysis, reflection, and critical thinking, a significant gap in the literature exists relevant to how these conversations are translated within the social construct of the field-based placement and experience. Using a qualitative case study methodology, the authors offer a model to explain how situationally responsive field-based learning experiences can be pedagogically transformational for minority preservice teacher candidates and the students they will eventually serve. Using key tasks embedded within the field experiences for this study are specifically designed to implement this situationally inquiry-based learning model to maximize the relationship between educational theory and actual classroom practice.
Critical Thinking in Collaborative Video Annotations
Authors: Howard Craig D.
Published: December 2020

Collaborative video annotation (CVA) combines media affordances to support critical thinking. A discourse analysis of preservice teachers' annotations in the process of a video-mediated observation of expert teaching revealed that critical judgements co-occurred with higher order thinking (HOT); however, criticism correlated less often with HOT than positive judgements of expert teacher practices. One hundred forty-one learners' small group discussions in CVA showed HOT annotations devoid of all judgment were the most frequent, and of HOT annotations that did contain criticism, applications of knowledge co-occurred most often with critical judgments, while analysis co-occurred most often with positive judgements, and intellectual modesty with mixed criticism. Results suggest that designs aimed at supporting critical thinking might benefit from expanded explanations of the purpose of observations and scaffolds to support the withholding of criticism.
Inhibition of Efferocytosis by Extracellular CIRP–Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Chen Kehong , Murao Atsushi , Arif Adnan , Takizawa Satoshi , Jin Hui , Jiang Jianxin , Aziz Monowar , Wang Ping
Published: December 2020

Phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells by the macrophages (efferocytosis) is impaired in sepsis, but its mechanism is poorly understood. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is a novel damage-associated molecular pattern that fuels inflammation. We identify that eCIRP-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) impair efferocytosis through a novel mechanism. Coculture of macrophages and apoptotic thymocytes in the presence of recombinant murine CIRP (rmCIRP)–induced NETs significantly inhibited efferocytosis. Efferocytosis was significantly inhibited in the presence of rmCIRP-treated wild-type (WT), but not PAD4−/− neutrophils. Efferocytosis in the peritoneal cavity of rmCIRP-injected PAD4−/− mice was higher than WT mice. Milk fat globule–EGF–factor VIII (MFG-E8), an opsonin, increased macrophage efferocytosis, whereas the inhibition of efferocytosis by NETs was not rescued upon addition of MFG-E8, indicating disruption of MFG-E8’s receptor(s) αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrin by the NETs. We identified neutrophil elastase in the NETs significantly inhibited efferocytosis by cleaving macrophage surface integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5. Using a preclinical model of sepsis, we found that CIRP−/− mice exhibited significantly increased rate of efferocytosis in the peritoneal cavity compared with WT mice. We discovered a novel role of eCIRP-induced NETs to inhibit efferocytosis by the neutrophil elastase–dependent decrease of αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins in macrophages. Targeting eCIRP ameliorates sepsis by enhancing efferocytosis.
Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators
Authors: Devarakonda Charan Kumar V. , Meredith Emily , Ghosh Mallika , Shapiro Linda H.
Published: December 2020

The Coronaviridae family includes the seven known human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause mild to moderate respiratory infections (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1) as well as severe illness and death (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2). Severe infections induce hyperinflammatory responses that are often intensified by host adaptive immune pathways to profoundly advance disease severity. Proinflammatory responses are triggered by CoV entry mediated by host cell surface receptors. Interestingly, five of the seven strains use three cell surface metallopeptidases (CD13, CD26, and ACE2) as receptors, whereas the others employ O-acetylated-sialic acid (a key feature of metallopeptidases) for entry. Why CoV evolved to use peptidases as their receptors is unknown, but the peptidase activities of the receptors are dispensable, suggesting the virus uses/benefits from other functions of these molecules. Indeed, these receptors participate in the immune modulatory pathways that contribute to the pathological hyperinflammatory response. This review will focus on the role of CoV receptors in modulating immune responses.
How Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are Coping with Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khoshaim Heba Bakr , Al-Sukayt Areej , Chinna Karuthan , Nurunnabi Mohammad , Sundarasen Sheela , Kamaludin Kamilah , Mohammad Baloch Gul , Far Abid Hossain Syed
Published: December 2020

The novel coronavirus is the worst pandemic of this century. Unfortunately, there is no clear solution for how to cope with such an epidemic. This study examines the coping strategies used by university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. From March to May 2020, a questionnaire was administered and completed by 400 students. This study used the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to examine the respondents’ level of anxiety. The results indicate that 35% of students experienced some levels of anxiety. Moreover, there was a moderate use of four types of coping strategies: Seek social support, acceptance, mental disengagement, and humanitarian. These findings can guide policymakers on the importance of developing practical guidelines to handle such lethal diseases. Moreover, the results inform the Saudi community what strategies were used to cope so far with the pandemic. Future research is expected to address the validity and appropriateness of these strategies and encourage other approaches.
Analysis of human relations theory of management: A quest to re-enact people’s management towards peace in university system
Authors: Omodan Bunmi I. , Tsotetsi Cias T. , Dube Bekithemba
Published: December 2020

Orientation Research Purpose: In response to social unrest that has eaten deep into the fabric of the University system in Nigeria, this theoretical paper is positioned to respond by examining the Human Relations Theory of Management (HRTM) as a suggestible solution to the management of the incessant students’ oriented crisis in the system. The theory was argued towards exposing the dividends enjoy by organisational stakeholders emanating from the outcome of the Hawthorne study.Research approach and Finding: The study adopted literature and observations as a research approach, while theoretical analysis was employed to interpret and make sense of HRTM. The analysis was considered from its evolutionary point of view; the development of Human Relation Theory of Management, the contributions of Jacob Moreno’s stoichiometry and McGregor’s Theory X and Y. I further argued and justified that the assumptions of the theory such as; belongingness, inclusiveness and recognition, an informal or formal social group within a workplace, development of affinity in workplace, motivation, and communication are the roadmap to the people’s management. In the same vein, it becomes a useful tool for managing students’ unrest in Universities. The relevant of the theory to crisis management was equally exemplified, coupled with the development of a theoretical model to better simplify the nexus between HRTM and crisis management.Implication for Management: Observations were made based on the assumptions of the theory to respond to the vacuum HRTM supposed to have filled. The study conclusively recommends that; inclusive decision making, the committee system, motivation and communication should be paramount in managing the system to enable amicable relationships for better productivity, peace and relative tranquility.
Testing a model of turnover intention: Lecturers at the University of Namibia
Authors: Pieters Wesley R. , Van Zyl Ebben , Nel Petrus
Published: December 2020

Orientation: Institutions of higher learning lose talented academics to other educational institutions or organisations within Namibia and other countries. In order for higher educational institutions to achieve academic excellence, they need competent and satisfied lecturers.Research purpose: This study investigates the relationship between basic psychological need satisfaction, organisational commitment, job embeddedness, work engagement and turnover intention of lecturing staff.Motivation for the study: Academic institutions neglect to facilitate changes with the needed support, impacting negatively lecturers’ work-related attitudes and their intention to stay.Research approach/design and method: A questionnaire was used to collect the data, and estimates of reliability, confirmatory factor analyses, goodness-of-fit statistics, Pearson’s product–moment correlation and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied to analyse the data (n = 242).Main findings: Using SEM, four different paths were found in the model, which explained how the variables collectively impact turnover intention.Practical/managerial implications: Lecturers should be included in decision-making, should work in a pleasant working environment and be given training opportunities to develop. In order to ensure that institutions reach their goals, job satisfaction needs to be assessed regularly to ensure that lecturers are satisfied, committed and willing to contribute to the success of the organisation.Contribution/value-add: This study will add to the knowledge within Industrial/Organisational Psychology and guide interventions to retain lecturing staff at Namibian institutions of higher learning.
Systemic Treatment of Advanced Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in Korea: Literature Review and Expert Opinion
Authors: Yoo Changhoon , Oh Chung Ryul , Kim Seung-Tae , Bae Woo Kyun , Choi Hye-Jin , Oh Do-Youn , Lee Myung-Ah , Ryoo Baek-Yeol
Published: December 2020

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of malignancies arising from neuroendocrine cells and frequently originate in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Although curative resection is the main treatment for localized disease, systemic therapy is needed for relapsed or metastatic/unresectable gastroenteropancreatic NETs (GEP-NETs). Although there are several NET treatment guidelines from various countries, the geographical discrepancies between patient clinical characteristics, the regulatory approval status for therapeutic agents, and medical practices necessitate specific guidelines for Korean patients. We here provide a consensus review of the diagnosis, staging and systemic treatment of Korean GEP-NET patients. Systemic therapy options and the current Korean expert consensus on these treatments, including somatostatin analogs, targeted therapies such as everolimus and sunitinib, peptide receptor radionuclide treatments, and cytotoxic chemotherapies are addressed.
Genetic Susceptibility of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Six Common Cancers and Possible Impacts on COVID-19
Authors: Hoang Tung , Nguyen Trung Quang , Tran Tho Thi Anh
Published: December 2020

Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide rapidly and patients with cancer have been considered as a vulnerable group for this infection. This study aimed to examine the expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in tumor tissues of six common cancer types.Materials and Methods The expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in tumors and control samples were obtained from online databases. Survival prognosis and biological functions of these genes were investigated for each tumor type.Results There was the overexpression of ACE2 in colon and stomach adenocarcinomas compared to controls, meanwhile colon and prostate adenocarcinomas showed a significantly higher expression of TMPRSS2. Additionally, survival prognosis analysis has demonstrated that upregulation of ACE2 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with higher overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.65; p=0.016) and disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.66; p=0.007), while overexpression of TMPRSS2 was associated with a 26% reduced risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.047) but 50% increased risk of death in breast invasive carcinoma (p=0.015).Conclusion There is a need to take extra precautions for COVID-19 in patients with colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer. Further information on other types of cancer at different stages should be investigated.
Интерполяция обобщенными рядами экспонент
Authors: Merzlyakov Sergey Georgievich
Published: December 2020

Доказывается аналог одного из результатов Чезаро и на
основании этого изучается задача интерполяции обобщенными
рядами экспонент, а именно рядами, члены которых сами
являются рядами Дирихле.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Существование вещественных решений нелинейных уравнений
без априорных предположений нормальности
Authors: Arutyunov Aram Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

Исследуется существование вещественных решений нелинейного
уравнения в окрестности анормальной (вырожденной) точки. Доказано,
что если существует $\lambda$-укорочение отображения, описывающего
это уравнение, которое регулярно по некоторому направлению, то для всех
правых частей из некоторой окрестности образа искомой анормальной
точки решения существуют. При этом же предположении доказано, что
через рассматриваемую анормальную точку проходят нетривиальные
гладкие кривые, принадлежащие множеству уровня рассматриваемого
отображения.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Теорема типа Чебышева для характеризации
наилучшего приближения непрерывной функции суммой двух алгебр
Authors: Askarova A Kh , Ismailov Vugar Elman ogli
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматривается задача равномерного приближения
непрерывной функции,
определенной на компактном метризуемом пространстве $X$,
элементами суммы двух алгебр пространства всех непрерывных функций
на $X$. Доказывается теорема типа Чебышева
для характеризации наилучшего приближения.
Библиография: 12 названий.
О квазинормальной сходимости функций
Authors: Osipov Alexander Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

В работе доказывается, что топологическое пространство $X$
является $QN$-пространством тогда и только тогда,
когда любой бэровский образ пространства $X$
в пространстве Бэра $\mathbb{N}^{\mathbb{N}}$ является
ограниченным. Показано существование
компактного $QN$-пространства такого, что существует
неограниченный борелевский образ
в пространстве Бэра $\mathbb{N}^{\mathbb{N}}$.
Существование такого пространства отвечает на вопрос Л. Буковского
и Дж. Холес. Получены обобщения результатов Н. Н. Холщевниковой
о представлении функций на подмножествах числовой прямой
тригонометрическими рядами.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Решение задачи об описательной сложности изоморфизма подграфа
с помощью кнезеровских графов
Authors: Voronov Vsevolod Aleksandrovich , Dergachev E A , Zhukovskii Maksim Evgen'evich , Neopryatnaya A M
Published: December 2020

В работе изучается задача нахождения наименьшего числа
переменных формулы первого порядка, записывающей свойство
input-графа содержать подграф, изоморфный заданному pattern-графу.
Рассматриваются input-графы, имеющие достаточно большую связность.
Ранее эта задача была решена для всех pattern-графов
с 4 вершинами, кроме двух - простого цикла и diamond-графа.
В настоящей работе мы нашли значение этой величины
для двух оставшихся графов.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Решение задачи оптимизации выплаты дивидендов фирмой,
прибыль которой определяется телеграфным процессом
Authors: Pospelov Igor Germogenovich , Radionov Stanislav Andreevich
Published: December 2020

Работа посвящена решению задачи оптимального управления фирмы,
целью которой является
максимизация ожидаемого суммарного дисконтированного потока
дивидендов до момента банкротства. Мы рассматриваем модель фирмы,
поток прибыли которой испытывает случайные переключения режимов,
однако, в отличие от существующей литературы,
в случайном процессе прибыли нет диффузионного члена.
Мы предполагаем, что прибыль фирмы описывается
телеграфным процессом, что приводит к сингулярной задаче
стохастического оптимального управления. Эта задача оказывается
более сложной, чем в случае процессов с диффузией. Мы решаем
эту задачу с помощью метода вариационных неравенств и показываем,
что оптимальная политика выплаты дивидендов принадлежит
к одному из трех существенно разных типов
в зависимости от параметров модели.
Библиография: 28 названий.