bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women across the Southern African development community economic hub: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yah Clarence S. , Ndlovu Sithembiso , Kutywayo Alison , Naidoo Nicolette , Mahuma Tshepo , Mullick Saiqa
Published: February 2021

Background: Despite the high rate of HIV infections, there is still high rate of early unprotected sex, unintended pregnancy, and unsafe abortions especially among unmarried adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) 10-24 years of age in sub Saharan Africa. AGYW face challenges in accessing health care, contraception needs, and power to negotiate safer sex. This study aimed to estimate the rate of pregnancy among AGYW aged 10-24, 10-19 and 15-19 years in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) economic region. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was used to describe the prevalence of pregnancy among AGYW in 15 SADC member countries between January 2007 and December2017. The articles were extracted from PubMed/MEDLINE, African Index Medicus, and other reports. They were screened and reviewed according to PRISMA methodology to fulfil study eligibility criteria. Results: The overall regional weighted pregnancy prevalence among AGYW 10-24 years of age was 25% (95% CI: 21% to 29%). Furthermore, sub-population 10-19 years was 22% (95% CI:19% to 26%) while 15-19 years was 24% (18% to 30%). There was a significant heterogeneity detected between the studies (I=99.78%, P < 0.001), even within individual countries. Conclusion: The findings revealed a high pregnancy rate among AGYW in the SADC region. This prompts the need to explore innovative research and programs expanding and improving sexual and reproductive health communication to reduce risk and exposure of adolescents to early planned, unplanned and unwanted pregnancies, SRHR challenges, access to care, HIV/STIs, as well as other risk strategies.
An Interventional strategy of physical activity promotion for reduction of menopause symptoms
Authors: Javadivala Zeinab , Allahverdipour Hamid , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Emami Azita
Published: February 2021

Background: Physical activity (PA) programs are inexpensive, non-pharmaceutical and universally accessible options with demonstrated efficacy in reducing menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a behavioral strategy for initiating and sustaining PA with the hope to reduce or eliminate menopausal symptoms. Methods: Menopausal and perimenopausal women (n=190) were randomly assigned to intervention (n=95) and non-intervention (n=95) groups using a random-numbers table. The intervention group consisted of 18 neighborhood network subgroups, each consisting of five to six women known to one another. They participated in a 12-week regular PA program, augmented by eight interactive group education and discussion sessions. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) self-report instrument was used to determine perceived severity of menopausal symptoms. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of menopausal symptoms (P < 0.001). Those whose symptoms rated severe/very severe for hot flushes were reduced from 30.1% to 11.8%. Also, participants whose sleep problems and joint discomfort rated severe/very severe declined from 28% to 6.5% and joint discomfort rated severe or very severe was reduced from 52.7% to 4.4%, respectively. Conversely in the nonintervention group, hot flushes, sleep problems and joint problems got significantly worse(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing educational program that increases awareness of PA benefits in combination with existing neighborhood networks that facilitate communication and cooperation may increase PA levels and decrease menopausal symptoms. Such networks offer alow-cost means of improving quality of life (QOL) for perimenopausal and menopausal women.
The Impact of Spiritual Care Skills on Quality of Life in Spouses of Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Heydari Abass , Fayyazi Bordbar MohammadReza , Ebrahimi Mahdi , Meshkinyazd Ali
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The wives of veterans are under great pressure because of their husbands ’physical and mental problems, and this can affect their mental health and quality of life. It seems that the training of some skills can have a significant impact on improving quality of life and reducing their mental burden. This study was conducted to determine the effect of spiritual care education in quality of life in wives of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that plays a major role in caring for them. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study in which 60 wives of PTSD-affected veterans in Ibn Sina hospital were selected and assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups. Spiritual care education was conducted in five sessions of two hours. Quality of life Questionnaire (SF-36) was used in this study. The questionnaire was implemented on participants of both groups in three stages: before, after and one months after the intervention (follow-up). Data were analysis using SPSS version 19. Results: The results of this study showed that spiritual care education could increase quality of life in the Wives of Veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the subjects participating in the post-test had significantly higher quality of life. Conclusion: According to results of this, study that represent effect of spiritual care education on quality of life, so it is recommended spiritual care education can be used to improve the quality of life of people especially the families of veterans.
THE DESIGN OF THE PROTOTYPE MOBILE MUSIC APPLICATION
Authors: Gutarova S. L. , Maksakova Ye. A. , Mosina Ye. A. , Nekrasova Ye. V. , Rassadina S. P.
Published: February 2021

The article analyses the UI and UX concepts of popular music platforms and streaming services in terms of usability and functionality. Popular analogues of music apps are analysed – Apple music, YouTube music, Yandex music, Boom. The results of a design study devoted to the problem of promoting young performers to the music market are presented. Topicality of the problem is confirmed by the growing popularity of music

services and applications among users. The stages of developing a prototype of a music application using the Figma programme are presented. The process of team work on a prototype of a mobile application with planning of project stages and distribution of tasks between team members, using scrum technology is shown.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF SEWING PRODUCTS QUALITY DETERIORATION
Authors: Stasheva M. A. , Dryagina L. V. , Gusev B. N.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses garments, underwear for children, made from knitted fabrics. One of the reasons for the low demand for Russia-made garments is incomplete satisfaction of consumer requirements for their quality. The analysis of defects arising at all stages of the technological process of manufacturing a product is carried out. It was found that the main group is made up of defects in the sewing and preparatory sections (about 80 % of the total number of reasons for the decrease in the quality of products). At the same time, the largest share is made up of defects arising in the sewing area (42.1 %). The efforts of the engineering and technical personnel of the enterprise should first of all be directed to eliminate these defects. For a targeted

search for the causes of defects in the process of manufacturing garments, additional factors were identified that were systematized and recommended for use.
Modal Budaya “Timmong” Sebagai Rekonsiliasi Dampak Sosial Pasca Pilkades Di Kabupaten Sumenep
Authors: Syaiful Syaiful , Kasanova Ria , Widjajanti Sri
Published: February 2021

Abstrak:

Masyarakat Madura dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang komunal, ketat terhadap ajaran agama, berwatak keras suka bekerja keras dan pantang menyerah. Dalam dinamika kehidupan yang berkembang saat ini kontelasi perpolitikan juga turut memberikan pengaruh terhadap masyarakat Madura khususnya masyarakat Desa Batu Belah Barat, kecamatan Dasuk, kabupaten Sumenep dalam bentuk konflik sosial. Tradisi timmong merupakan tradisi masyarakat Desa Batu Belah Barat yang dilakukan secara turun temurun sebagai tradisi berdoa memohon turunnya hujan kepada Tuhan yang maha esa dalam bentuk tarian dan bunyi-bunyian lewat mulut atau verbal tanpa menggukan alat musik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber primer penelitian ini adalah narasumber yang diwawancarai, sedangkan sumber sekunder dalam penelitian ini berupa catatan dan referensi mengenai budaya Madura. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dampak positif tradisi timmong sebagai rekonsiliasi konflik pasca pilkada di Desa Batu Belah Barat kecamatan Dasuk kabupaten Sumenep.

 

Kata Kunci: Budaya Timmong, Rekonsiliasi, Pilkades

 

Abstract:

The Madurese community is known as a communal society, strict on religious teachings, hard-tempered, likes to work hard and never gives up. In the dynamics of life that is currently developing, the political controversy also has an influence on the Madurese community, especially the community in the village of Batu Belah Barat, Dasuk District, Sumenep Regency in the form of social conflicts. The timmong tradition is a tradition of the community in the western part of the stone which is carried out from generation to generation as a tradition of praying for rain to God Almighty in the form of dances and sounds by mouth or verbally without using musical instruments. This research is a qualitative research. The primary sources of this study were interviewed sources, while the secondary sources in this study were notes and references about Madurese culture. The results of this study indicate the positive impact of the timmong tradition as a reconciliation of post-election conflicts in the village of Batu Belah Barat sub-district Dasuk Sumenep district.

 

Keywords: Timmong Culture, Reconciliation, Pilkades
The influence of household composition on leisure time in South Africa: A gender comparison
Authors: Harrichurran Priyanka , Vermaak Claire , Muller Colette
Published: February 2021

This study considers how household composition influences the leisure time of men and women in South Africa, using the South African 2010 Time Use Survey. Studying leisure time is important since the allocation of time outside the market provides insights into market behaviour and physical and mental health. Household composition and leisure consumption are highly gendered, with women typically living in larger households and consuming less leisure than men. Regression analysis shows that leisure time allocations are highly dependent on who lives in the household and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis finds that gender differences in mean leisure time can be attributed to household members, affecting the leisure time of male and female respondents differently. Overall, the results are consistent with traditional gender roles within the household and highlight the lack of intra-household bargaining power for women, providing evidence of gender inequality. Lower leisure consumption for women may have negative implications for their productivity in terms of paid and unpaid work, and for their well-being.
Assessment of Carbon Footprint of a Campus with Sustainability Initiatives
Authors: ARTUN Emre
Published: February 2021

Carbon footprint of a 10-year old university campus is estimated using IPCC Tier 1 Methodology. Key sources and sinks that cause carbon emissions were identified. Electricity, fuel, food and paper consumption were considered as the key items that would increase the emissions. Trees and recycling practices were considered as the key items that would reduce the emissions. Through communication with campus staff and data collection, annual consumption/production data were compiled in a spreadsheet application that uses these data to estimate the amount of carbon that is emitted per year. It was demonstrated that there has been a reduction in the carbon emissions between 2011 and 2017 due to the sustainability initiatives that were launched during that time in the campus. To analyze future years and address the uncertainty in the data, the spreadsheet allows to perform a probabilistic estimation through Monte Carlo simulation and analysis.
Estimation of Parameters of Topp-Leone Inverse Lomax Distribution in Presence of Right Censored Samples
Authors: SOLİMAN Amal , ISMAİL Doaa
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we deal with a three-parameter inverse Lomax cited as the Topp-Leone inverse Lomax (TLIL) distribution depend on Topp-Leone-G family. Expressions of its density and distribution functions are explored. The structure properties of suggested model are provided like quantile function, moments, incomplete moments and Rényi entropy. Maximum likelihood estimators of the TLIL distribution parameters along with reliability estimator are worked out via complete and type II censored samples. To investigate the statistical properties of estimates we present numerical illustration along with two real data.
Comparative Analysis of Optical Multicarrier Modulations: An Insight into Machine Learning-based Multicarrier Modulation
Authors: IBHAZE Augustus , EDEKO Frederick , ORUKPE Patience
Published: February 2021

The performances of various optical multicarrier modulation schemes have been investigated in this work by comparatively analyzing the bit error rate response relative to the signal to noise ratio metric. The machine learning-based multicarrier modulation (MLMM) approach was proposed and adopted as a method to improve the bit error rate response of the conventional schemes. The results showed performance enhancement as the proposed machine learning approach outperformed the conventional schemes. This proposition is therefore recommended for adoption in the implementation of optical multicarrier modulation-based solutions depending on the spectral and energy efficiency requirements of the intended application.
Optical Properties of Gaas/Alxga1-xas Superlattice Under E-Field for Quantum Cascade Laser Application
Authors: ALAYDİN Behçet Özgür
Published: February 2021

Optical properties of GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs superlattice are studied dependent on quantum well thickness of gain region and doping density of injector layers underperformed electric field. Conduction band alignment of the superlattice is obtained by using effective mass approximation. 1d-Schrodinger formula is solved by using FDM. Intersubband transition energies, linear (nonlinear and total) absorption coefficients and linear (nonlinear and total) refractive index changes are plotted under applied electric field intensity. Intersubband transition energy of electron from second excited state to first excited state shows 147 meV. It is found that -45 kV/cm electric field intensity and 5 nm layer thickness of last quantum well of the gain region are the best values for studied structure. After that, linear absorption coefficient is investigated dependent on carrier number in the injector region under electric field. It is found that carrier number over 5 𝑥 1016 𝑐𝑚−2 can causes huge internal absorption of the radiative emission obtained in gain region due to increase in linear absorption coefficient by factor 10. As a conclusion, total absorption coefficient and total refractive index change are calculated for optimized parameters.
The Evolution of Phenotypic Properties and Molecular Genetic Organization of Genomes of Vibrio Cholerae O1 El Tor Variant Strains Isolated from Patients and Environmental Objects in the Caucasus in 1970–1998
Authors: Savelyev VN , Kovalev DA , Savelyeva IV , Taran TV , Podoprigora EI , Vasilyeva OV , Shapakov NA , Alekhina YA , Kulichenko AN
Published: February 2021

Summary. Introduction: The formation of highly pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae resistant to antibiotics determines the pathogenesis, clinical picture, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of cholera. It is necessary to study the structure of the genome of V. cholerae of any serological groups isolated during routine monitoring of environmental objects or patients with acute intestinal infections in order to detect toxigenic genes inherent to epidemic strains of V. cholerae O1. Our objective was to study changes in phenotypic properties and molecular genetic bases of persistence, epidemic and pathogenetic potential of El Tor variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from patients and environmental objects in the Caucasus in 1970–1998. Materials and methods: We studied phenotypic and molecular genetic characteristics of 32 V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from patients and environmental objects in the Caucasus (1970–1998) using a microbiological assay and PCR test, respectively. Results: We established that the following biotypes of V. cholerae O1 were found in the Caucasus: a) El Tor, ctxA–, and Hly+ nontoxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1, typical in their phenotypic and molecular genetic properties. Their toxigenic potential is represented by exo- and endotoxins different from the enterotoxin of toxigenic V. cholerae; b) toxigenic El Tor, ctxABEL+, rtхC+, and Hly– variant biotypes of V. cholerae O1, typical in their phenotypic, molecular and genetic properties during outbreaks of invasive cholera, producing a CT-2 enterotoxin and containing genes responsible for persistent, pathogenic and pandemic potential, and c) typical in terms of their main phenotypic characteristics but molecularly genetically altered variants (hybrids) of El Tor variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 including El Tor ctxABCL+, rtxC+, Hly–. Conclusions: The main manifestation of evolutionary changes in a typical toxigenic vibrio of the El Tor variant biotype was the replacement of the ctxBEl gene in its genome with the ctxBCL gene encoding the classical type of enterotoxin (CT-1), which significantly increased the persistent, toxic, epidemic, and pandemic potential of genetically modified variants of El Tor biotype Vibrio cholerae. The genome of these strains contains an integrative and conjugative element SXT with genes for antibiotic multiresistance.
Climate Characteristics as Potential Risk Factors for the Population Health of the Krasnoyarsk Region. Part 1
Authors: Chernykh DA , Bel’skaya EN , Taseiko OV
Published: February 2021

Summary. Introduction: A human health risk assessment is the process to estimate the nature and probability of adverse health effects in humans who may be exposed to various environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to analyze climatic parameters as potential health risk factors for the population of some municipalities of the Krasnoyarsk Region. Methods: We processed meteorological data of the state monitoring network in the Krasnoyarsk Region including the average, maximum, and minimum air temperatures measured every three hours in an automatic mode in accordance with a generally accepted international protocol. Climate characteristics were identified using the method of long-term distribution of average daily temperatures. To assess the climatic features of the Krasnoyarsk Region, we considered such parameters as the average seasonal temperature, dates of air temperature stable transition through zero, temperature waves, extreme daily temperature changes, and bioclimatic indices. Results: We analyzed climate characteristics as potential health risk factors for the population of six cities of the Krasnoyarsk Region (Achinsk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk, Minusinsk, and Norilsk) for the period from 1919 to 2019. Conclusion: Our findings may be used to establish the relationship between a combination of climatic factors and ambient air quality indices and morbidity and mortality of the local population; they can also contribute to predicting death rates in the region.
Psicología positiva: algunas aplicaciones a la educación
Authors: Rodríguez de Los Ríos Luis
Published: February 2021

La psicología positiva, considerada como una nueva visión dentro de la psicología, surge con la expectativa de conocer las características, los procesos y las condiciones del funcionamiento óptimo de las personas, para promover una vida plena y significativa desde la perspectiva individual hasta la proyección social. Este artículo aporta un análisis teórico-práctico de los conceptos y aplicaciones relativos al enfoque de la psicología positiva, los cuales son abordados desde el campo de la educación, fomentando un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desde y para la felicidad. Establecer un camino educativo desde y para la felicidad implicaría por parte de los educadores, un compromiso personal de conocerse a sí mismos, tener valores y perseguir metas. La actual importancia de la psicología positiva dentro de la educación lleva a la necesidad de trabajar este tema con el fin de darle la transcendencia que merece por los efectos beneficiosos que tiene tanto en los docentes como en los estudiantes dentro de las aulas. Por ello debemos conocer las herramientas que proporciona para poder aplicarlas en el aula. Mediante las propuestas educativas, la felicidad de los estudiantes puede convertirse en una meta a alcanzar en el día a día, haciendo del aprendizaje y de la etapa de escolarización un período donde, a la vez que disfrutamos, aprendemos a ser felices en el aquí y ahora, sin descuidar por ello la importancia del pasado y el futuro.
Inclusión educativa, habilidades diferentes y asperger
Authors: Cuzcano Zapata Abel , Ruiz Alva César Mercedes
Published: February 2021

Actualmente en el sistema escolar peruano no se cumplen de manera integral, las políticas que apoyan en forma efectiva a los estudiantes con necesidades especiales entre ellas a los alumnos con Trastornos generalizados del Desarrollo, como es el caso de los niños y jóvenes con Diagnóstico de Asperger.

La Ley de las Personas con Discapacidad, Ley N° 29973, que rige a las instituciones públicas y privadas, indica que todas las instituciones educativas, en todos los niveles y modalidades, deben reservar al menos dos vacantes por aula para estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales asociadas a discapacidad (leve o moderada) y el Director debe solicitar apoyo al SAANE(Servicio de apoyo y asesoramiento a las necesidades Educativas Especiales) a fin de garantizar la atención educativa pertinente, de estos estudiantes, sin embargo la realidad es que en los colegios en general no hay un programa de inclusión educativa, ni políticas institucionales de inclusión, ni adaptaciones curriculares adecuadas, el personal no tiene entre sus funciones, la atención a la diversidad.
La diversidad: el reto de la educación inclusiva
Authors: Martínez Ocaña Bertha Emperatriz
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se revisan los conceptos diversidad, inclusión, inclusión educativa, destacando la diversidad como un valor que nos enriquece. Se presenta los acuerdos nacionales e internacionales que impulsan la educación inclusiva, como un derecho a la educación para Todos.
The DSD clicGuide system: a new concept for full-arch implant placement and immediate loading rehabilitation using the digital workflow: a clinical report of three cases
Authors: Coachman Francis , Petrili Gustavo , Oliveira Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de , Ghiraldini Bruna , Bezerra Fábio José Barbosa
Published: February 2021

One of the limitations of using guided surgery for full arch rehabilitation is related to the cases where it is necessary to perform osteotomy prior to the placement of the implant. The Digital Smile Design ClicGuide (DSD ClicGuide) is a digital rehabilitation planning system recommended in the rehabilitation of fully edentulous jaws, which orients implant placement procedures and immediate provisional loading based on an ideal three-dimensional design. This system consists of a sequence of surgical guides used during the clinical procedures that may include teeth extractions, osteotomies, implant placements, and immediate prothesis installation, increasing the level of predictability of rehabilitation procedures in these complex clinical cases. The aim of this case series report is to describe the oral rehabilitation of three patients treated according to the DSD ClicGuide technique, who received a total of twenty dental implants. All the patients treated required total oral rehabilitation in at least one of the arches and required osteotomies in order to regularize the alveolar ridge before the placement of the implant. Once the rehabilitation parameters were defined and the treatment plan was approved, the following guides were printed and used in sequence: a base guide that was used as a reference for the osteotomy procedure; a guide for installing the implants; and a guide with the printed temporary prosthesis for immediate loading. It can be conclude that the DSD ClicGuide system enabled the osteotomy, implants placement, and installation of an immediate loading prosthesis in totally edentulous patients, with a high level of predictability.
Pemaknaan Makrifat oleh Para Sufi dari Zaman ke Zaman
Authors: Munandar Siswoyo Aris , Mursalat Mursalat , Malikhaturrahmah Elia
Published: February 2021

Berbicara tentang mistik Islam, makrifat, tasawuf dan irfan, yang perlu diketahui pertama-tama adalah makna mistisisme dalam konteks Islam, khususnya berkenaan dengan kekaburan makna istilah itu dalam Bahasa inggris sekarang ini. Kita dapat berbicara tentang mistisme Islam jika kita memahami makna orsinal istilah Mistisme, yang berkaitan dengan misteri-misteri ilahi. Secara bahasa makrifat berasal dari bahasa Arab, yaitu kata ‘arafa, ya’rifu, ‘irfan, ma’rifah yang berarti pengetahuan atau pengenalan. Makrifat secara bahasa juga berarti mengetahui sesuatu apa adanya atau ilmu yang tidak lagi menerima keraguan. Sedangkan menurut istilah para sufi, makrifat secara umum diartikan sebagai  melihat Tuhan dari dekat dengan menggunakan mata hati. Penyebutan ma’rifah dalam lidah masyarakat Indonesia dikenal dengan sebutan “makrifat”. Dalam bahasa inggris, makrifat dikenal dengan istilah gnosis, sedangkan orang yang telah mencapai tahapan makrifat (‘arif) dikenal dengan gnostik-mistik. Akan tetapi ma’rifah jika diteliti mempunyai pengertian atau makna yang berbeda-beda setiap zaman ke zaman. Oleh karena itu penulis ingin memaparkan makna ma’rifah dari zama ke zaman, yang mana pada masa Rasulullah dan para sahabat sampai kalangan ulama salaf dan khalaf.
Model of skeletal muscle cramp and its reversal
Authors: Tasaki Kazuyo , Noble Penelope J. , Garny Alan , Shorten Paul R. , Afshar Nima , Noble Denis
Published: February 2021

In an accompanying paper [2], we developed the Shorten [3] model of skeletal muscle by incorporating equations such as surface calcium fluxes. In further research in this paper, we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by investigating muscle contraction and cramp, in which calcium regulatory networks are involved, using the extended model in comparison with the original model. Incorporation of data from a traditional medicine from root extracts of paeony and licorice and one of its pure chemicals was modeled. The sensitivity analysis of the extended model shows the robustness of the calcium regulatory networks. Muscle cramp, in the extended model, requires calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel and it will not occur without calcium influx. Reduced calcium influx can delay or prevent cramp. Increased interstitial potassium is implicated in developing and maintaining cramp. Mechanism of reversal of cramp requires wash-out of extracellular potassium via increased blood flow, followed by calcium efflux via sodium-calcium exchange. This paper shows the first successful quantitative electrophysiological and mechanical model of cramp and of its reversal.
Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides Enhance T-Cell Function by Inhibiting Programmed Death-Ligand 1 via Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Suppression in Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Piao Songzhe , Chen Chaoqian , Wang Xin , Mo Licai , Hong Tao , Ke Mang
Published: February 2021

Lycium barbarum is a boxthorn that produces the goji berries. L. barbarum polysaccharide is a water soluble bioactive component extracted from L. barbarum L. that has been shown to exert multiple pharmacological effects including antitumor effects. Herein, we have explored the mechanism underlying inhibition of tumor growth in J82 bearing bladder carcinoma by L. barbarum polysaccharides. The results of in vitro studies show that L. barbarum polysaccharide inhibited the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 protein, but not the gene transcription in bladder carcinoma cells. Also, L. barbarum polysaccharide decreased the level of phospho-protein kinase B/protein kinase B in cancer cells, and phosphoinositide- 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway agonists reversed the inhibitory effect of L. barbarum polysaccharide on protein kinase B activation and programmed death-ligand 1 expression. Furthermore, when T cells and cancer cells were cultured together, treatments with either L. barbarum polysaccharide or antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 protein, enhanced T cell function including the expression of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 that were inhibited by phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway agonists. In conclusion, the results suggested that L. barbarum polysaccharide could inhibit programmed deathligand 1 expression via phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B suppression of bladder cancer cells and further enhance the T-cell function in tumor microenvironment.
A Review on Electrical Submersible Pump Head Losses and Methods to Analyze Two-Phase Performance Curve
Authors: Shahid Salman , Sham Dol Sharul , Hasan Abdul Qader , Kassem Omar Mustafa , Gadala Mohamed S. , Aris Mohd Shiraz
Published: February 2021

Electrical submersible pumps (ESP) are referred to as a pump classification whose applications arebased upon transporting fluids from submersible elevations towards a fixed pipeline. Specific ESP pumps areutilized in offshore oil and gas facilities that are frequently employed in transport of Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) terminals. Transport of LNG is a multiphase process that causes operational challenges for ESP due topresence of air pockets and air bubbles; presenting difficulties, such as cavitation and degradation to pumpcomponents. This performance degradation causes an economic risk to companies as well as a risk to pumpperformance capabilities, as it will not be able to pump with the same pressure again. Operational references formultiphase flow in ESP are limited; thus, this research paper reports multistage pumping, review offundamentals, previous experimental as well as modelling work benefitting future literature for a potentialsolution. Industries consume power to cope up with the losses associated with pumping two-phase fluidscausing company’s fortune. Preceding experimental work on single along with multiphase flow illustrate adistinct flow pattern surrounding the area around pump impeller while the pump is in operation. Throughexperimental observation, four flow patterns were observed and studied when gas was varied at different flowrates. Increasing the intake pressure proved to increase pump performance at two-phase flow. Experimentalstudy of multiphase flow with LNG fluid is expensive; thus, experimental validation is accomplished on asingle stage pump with external intervention of air bubbles to simulate LNG vaporization at fixed pressure andtemperature difference.
A vueltas con la pulsión federal de la carta: la tutela de derechos fundamentales en fallos por incumplimiento
Authors: Rodríguez-Izquierdo Serrano Miryam
Published: February 2021

En tiempos recientes el recurso por incumplimiento ha cobrado protagonismo como mecanismo estratégico, en manos de la Comisión, para perseguir desviaciones de los principios del Estado de Derecho en los Estados miembros. Los asuntos relativos a la independencia de los jueces en Polonia han concitado un gran interés académico, pero es en las causas por incumplimiento abiertas contra Hungría donde, por primera vez, se han hecho juicios negativos de conformidad de leyes estatales con la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales. Estas sentencias pioneras producen un impacto más fuerte de las disposiciones de la Carta sobre los Estados miembros y ya constan como precedentes para futuros casos.
Come and Charge It: The Rise of Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage in Texas
Authors: Arth Matthew A.
Published: February 2021

Affordable, reliable battery energy storage has long been the holy grail of the electric grid. From avoiding expensive transmission build-out to smoothing out fluctuations inherent to wind and solar resource output, batteries hold the promise of providing the solution to an ever more intermittent and distributed grid. Across the United States and particularly in Texas, that futuristic vision is beginning to approach reality as battery costs decline and favorable regulatory policy is implemented. This Article addresses the current state of battery energy storage system development and notes recent contributory policy developments at both the national and state level.
Antibacterial Activity of Acacia Catechu Seed Against Urinary Tract Pathogens
Authors: Mohammed Ahad, Remmiya Mary Varghese2
Published: February 2021

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of the Acacia catechu seed extract

against selected Urinary tract pathogens

Background :Acacia catechu is known as Cutch tree.This plant has following medicinal properties:

Astringent, Bactericidal, Refrigerant, Stimulant, Masticator, Expectorant. Acacia catechu seeds are flat, dark

brown and measure 5-8 mm in diameter. The seeds are edible and the extract is useful in the treatment of

many medical conditions in the Ayurveda.

Reason: Urinary tract infections are most common infection caused in woman, hence this study can

determine the antibacterial effectiveness among the pathogens causing urinary tract infections.
26th SAAIR Conference presentation 2019
Authors: Molepo Mahlaga
Published: February 2021

The title of the presentation is 'The Academic Library in Society's Knowledge System: A Case Study of Tshwane University of Technology Libraries'. It was presented at the 26th Southern African Association for Institutional Research (SAAIR) Conference, 2019 under the theme, 'Institutional Research as the X Factor for efficiency and effectiveness in Higher Education Institutions (Mbombela, 2019)'.
The Effect of Dental Health Education and the Total Quality Management Approach on the Behavior of Dental and Oral Health Maintenance and the Status of the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified in Elementary School Students in Aceh Besar
Authors: Andriani Andriani , Wilis Ratna , Liana Intan , Keumala Cut Ratna , Mardelita Sisca , Zahara Elfi
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Overall body health is influenced a lot by teeth and mouth. Dental health education in schools through total quality management (TQM) is a non-formal education system for school communities by learning by doing to change their behavior from being less profitable to be beneficial for their oral health.
AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of dental health education with a TQM approach on the behavior of dental and oral health management, and the status of the oral hygiene index simplified (OHIS) in elementary school students.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of that project was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post-test design with a control group design. The number of study population was 80 children that were selected. The sample was divided into two groups, the intervention group consisted of 40 children who were given intervention (dental health education with TQM approach) and the control group consisted of 40 children who were not given intervention. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable, and multivariate using paired samples t-test and independent t-test.
RESULTS: The statistical findings showed that there were differences in behavior and oral hygiene status after dental health education through the TQM approach to students (p < 0.05). There was an effect of dental health education through the TQM approach on OHIS status (p <0.05). Dental health education using the TQM approach influenced changes in behavior and OHI-S status (p = 0.001). The finding of the analysis showed that in the intervention group, there were differences in the average behavior and oral hygiene status from pre-test to post-test I (p = 0.001). However, there was no difference between post 1 and post-test II (p = 1.00). In the intervention group, there was a difference in this status from pre-test to post-test 1 (p = 0.001). While in the control group, there was no difference in the average behavior from pre-test to post-test I and from post-test I to post-test II. There was a difference in the mean OHIS status from pre-test to post-test 1 and from post-test 1 to post-test 2 in the intervention group and the control group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Dental health education using the TQM approach has influenced changes in behavior and OHIS status of elementary school students in central Aceh districts.
Specific Interventions to Prevent Stunting in Children Under 2 Years after the Natural Disaster
Authors: Hafid Fahmi , Taqwin Taqwin , Linda Linda , Nasrul Nasrul , Ramadhan Kadar , Bohari Bohari
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Nutrition specific reflects most of the evidence of programmatic successes, such as improving breastfeeding. Specific intervention is an action or activity that is specifically directed at the first 1000 days of life. In general, these activities are carried out by the health sector.
AIM: Study aims to analyze specific interventions for preventing stunting in children under 2 years of age in post-natural disaster areas.
METHODS: This type of quantitative analytic research with a cross-sectional design conducted in Palu City central of Sulawesi Indonesia from October until November 2020. The population in this study were mothers and children under 2 years. Sampling using consecutive sampling technique with a total of 384 samples. Data analysis using a frequency distribution, height Z score table according to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
RESULTS: The prevalence of stunting in children under 2 years of age in Palu was 37.24%. The only specific intervention behavior in preventing stunting that was statistically significant was breastfeeding for up to 2 years (p = 0.025).
CONCLUSIONS: Specific interventions to prevent stunting in children under 2 years after natural disasters are breastfeeding children up to 2 years. The prevalence of stunting in children under 2 is 37.24%. To reduce stunting problems in the city of Palu Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, mothers need to be informed about the risks and assistance from local and central government.
Antiproliferative activity of extract from in vitro callus cultures of Astragalus vesicarius ssp. carniolicus (A. Kern.) Chater
Authors: Popova Pavlinka , Zarev Yancho , Mihaylova Rositsa , Momekov Georgi , Ionkova Iliana
Published: February 2021

Five isoflavonoids, i.e. 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2’, 5’-dihydroxyisoflavone (AV4), 5, 7-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavone (AV6), 7-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4’-methoxy-2’-hydroxyisoflavone (AV7), 8-pregnyl genistein (AV9), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-pregnyl-4’-methoxy-2’-hydroxyisoflavone (AV10) and one coumarochromone – sophorophenolone (AV8) were isolated from EtOAc of in vitro callus cultures of Astragalus vesicarius ssp. carniolicus, after enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucosidase. Their structures were tentatively elucidated by spectroscopic mean (1H NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra). Antiproliferative activity of EtOAc extract and isolated aglycones against chemosensitive human promyelocyte cell line HL-60 and its multidrug-resistant variant HL-60/Dox was assessed in vitro. Despite the strong activity of EtOAc (IC50 8.8 µg/mL (HL-6, 72 h) to 11.8 µg/mL (HL-60/Dox, 72 h)), prenylated compound AV9 showed also antiproliferative activity – 36.1 µg/mL (HL-60 and HL-60/Dox, 72 h).
Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the University of California–Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract instrument in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Lee Tae Hee , Lee Joon Seong , Park Suyeon , Lee Kyung-Ann , Kim Hyun-Sook
Published: February 2021

Background/Aims: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal (GI) changes. The University of California–Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0) instrument is a self-administered GI assessment instrument for patients with SSc. We developed a Korean version of the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 instrument and evaluated its reliability and internal consistency.Methods: The participants were 37 Korean patients with SSc. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 were performed according to international standardized guidelines. We evaluated reproducibility by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients and assessed the internal consistency of the Korean version of the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0. We assessed its construct validity by evaluating its correlations with the Short Form Health Survey version 2 and EQ-5D scores by means of Spearman correlation analyses.Results: Patients with SSc were mostly women (89.19%) with a mean age of 52.2 years, median disease duration of 24 months, and median modified Rodnan total skin score of 4. The median total GIT score on the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 was 0.3. The UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 Korean version showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α of total GIT score = 0.863). Most domains of the ULCA SCTC GIT 2.0 were correlated with those of the EuroQol (EQ)-5D score.Conclusions: The Korean version of the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0 has acceptable internal consistency, reliability, and validity. Therefore, it can be used to assess GIT involvement in Korean patients with SSc.
Les enjeux de l’apprentissage pour la personne polyhandicapée
Authors: Toubert-Duffort Danièle
Published: February 2021

Depuis la loi n° 2005-102 du 11 février 2005, le droit des jeunes polyhandicapés à suivre un enseignement est affirmé, ce qui implique pour l’école de se rendre accessible à ces jeunes malgré l’ampleur de leurs difficultés cognitives. À partir d’une étude inductive menée dans cinq unités d’enseignement et auprès de 18 jeunes, âgés de 4 à 14 ans, nous cherchons à préciser quelles sont les modalités d’apprentissage des jeunes en situation de polyhandicap. Nous montrons qu’il existe une diversité des configurations cliniques. Les apprentissages sont effectifs mais dépendent étroitement du contexte pédagogique et relationnel. L’enseignant remplit une fonction d’étayage et de médiation sans laquelle il n’y a pas d’interrelation fonctionnelle.
L’observation et l’évaluation d’élèves en situation de polyhandicap : une nécessaire réflexion méthodologique
Authors: Atlan Esther , Toubert-Duffort Danièle , Puustinen Minna
Published: February 2021

Évaluer les compétences et potentialités d’élèves en situation de polyhandicap nécessite de développer une réflexion sur l’observation et le lien entre observation et évaluation. En effet, si la construction d’un projet pédagogique pour ces élèves est possible et souhaitable, c’est à partir d’observations fines et répétées que leurs potentialités et leurs compétences pourront être identifiées et, a fortiori , évaluées. Cet article présente et analyse la méthodologie d’observation et d’évaluation utilisée dans le cadre de Polyscol, une recherche-action portant sur la scolarisation de jeunes en situation de polyhandicap. À partir d’une étude de cas, la démarche d’observation mise en place, les obstacles rencontrés et les effets produits à la fois sur le jeune, sur les liens entre les professionnels et les parents et sur les chercheurs seront discutés.
La gestion institutionnelle du port de signes religieux dans l’enseignement secondaire
Authors: Farhat Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Depuis la loi du 15 mars 2004, le port de signes religieux ostentatoires, prosélytes et non discrets, est interdit dans les établissements publics d’enseignement français. Cette recherche sociologique et ethnographique étudie la mise en œuvre pratique et les aménagements locaux du dispositif réglementaire, et s’intéresse aux enjeux institutionnels, éducatifs et pédagogiques, de la régulation des frontières matérielles et symboliques de la laïcité dans les établissements.
A new inertial-projection algorithm for approximating common solution of variational inequality and fixed point problems of multivalued mappings
Authors: Owolabi Abd-semii Oluwatosin-Enitan , Alakoya Timilehin Opeyemi , Taiwo Adeolu , Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we present a new modified self-adaptive inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm in which the two projections are made onto some half spaces. Moreover, under mild conditions, we obtain a strong convergence of the sequence generated by our proposed algorithm for approximating a common solution of variational inequality problem and common fixed point of a finite family of demicontractive mappings in a real Hilbert space. The main advantages of our algorithm are: strong convergence result obtained without prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the related monotone operator, the two projections made onto some half-spaces and the inertial technique which speeds up rate of convergence. Finally, we present an application and a numerical example to illustrate the usefulness and applicability of our algorithm.
Optimal control of a dynamical system with intermediate phase constraints and applications in cash management
Authors: Azi Mourad , Bibi Mohand Ouamer
Published: February 2021

The aim of this work is to apply the results of R. Gabasov et al. [4,14] to an extended class of optimal control problems in the Bolza form, with intermediate phase constraints and multivariate control. In this paper, the developed iterative numerical method avoids the discretization of the dynamical system. Indeed, by using a piecewise constant control, the problem is reduced for each iteration to a linear programming problem, this auxiliary task allows to improve the value of the quality criterion. The process is repeated until the optimal or the suboptimal control is obtained. As an application, we use this method to solve an extension of the deterministic optimal cash management model of S.P. Sethi [31,32]. In this extension, we assume that the bank overdrafts and short selling of stock are allowed, but within the authorized time limit. The results of the numerical example show that the optimal decision for the firm depends closely on the intermediate moment, the optimal decision for the firm is to purchase until a certain date the stocks at their authorized maximum value in order to take advantage of the returns derived from stock. After that, it sales the stocks at their authorized maximum value in order to satisfy the constraint at the intermediate moment.
Scope for Sustainability in the Fashion Industry Supply Chain
Authors: Gudiel Kiara Carranza , Marjerison Rob Kim , Zhao Yuxi
Published: February 2021

This chapter seeks to determine whether entrepreneurial technological innovation can mitigate the intrinsic contradiction between short-term fashion and the long-term fashion industry in the supply chain to achieve environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The current fashion industry is driven by the ephemeral nature of fashion and its associated wastes which are not very sustainable. Although literature has demonstrated that operations research can be used to reduce inventory wastes, whether emerging technologies can reformat the whole mode of production in the fashion industry to be more sustainable remains unknown. Through interviewing professionals who specialize in the three key stages in the supply chain, this chapter concludes that the transition to sustainability is possible if technology is not just regarded as a tool to reduce carbon emissions, but used to materialize the sustainable design philosophy and integrated into the sustainability rebranding process in the whole supply chain from beginning to end.