bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful removal of uterine leiomyosarcoma tumour thrombus propagating to the right atrium
Authors: Lim Yu Hui , Lee Lui Shiong , Lim Chong Hee , Chew Ghee Kheng
Published: November 2015

Although intravenous leiomyomatosis is widely documented, intravenous extension of leiomyosarcoma into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and subsequently into the right atrium is extremely rare. Less than five such cases have been reported in the literature worldwide. Uterine leiomyosarcoma is an aggressive smooth muscle tumour occurring with an incidence of 1% in all female genital tract cancers and comprises about 3–7% of uterine cancers. It carries a generally poor prognosis with 5-year survival rates ranging from 18.8% to 65% across all stages. We report a case of primary uterine leiomyosarcoma with intravascular tumour propagation extending to the renal vein, IVC and right atrium of the heart, which was successfully resected in a one stage operation by a multidisciplinary team. This case demonstrates the importance of preoperative radiological staging and multidisciplinary planning.
Bone mineral density and fracture risk with long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Loke Yoon K , Gilbert Daniel , Thavarajah Menaka , Blanco Patricia , Wilson Andrew M
Published: November 2015

Objectives

We aimed to assess the association between long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and bone adverse effects in patients with asthma.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of fracture risk and changes in bone mineral density with long-term ICS use in asthma.

Methods

We initially searched MEDLINE and EMBASE in July 2013, and performed an updated PubMed search in December 2014. We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled observational studies of any ICS (duration at least 12 months) compared to non-ICS use in patients with asthma. We conducted meta-analysis of ORs for fractures, and mean differences in bone mineral density. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic.

Results

We included 18 studies (7 RCTs and 11 observational studies) in the systematic review. Meta-analysis of observational studies did not demonstrate any significant association between ICS and fractures in children (pooled OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.10, two studies), or adults (pooled OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.45 to 2.62, four studies). Three RCTs and three observational studies in children reported on bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, and our meta-analysis did not show significant reductions with ICS use. Three RCTs and four observational studies in adults reported on ICS use and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femur, with no significant reductions found in the meta-analysis compared to control.

Conclusions

ICS use for ≥12 months in adults or children with asthma was not significantly associated with harmful effects on fractures or bone mineral density.
Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults
Authors: Hajna Samantha , Ross Nancy A , Joseph Lawrence , Harper Sam , Dasgupta Kaberi
Published: November 2015

Objectives

To estimate the associations of neighbourhood walkability (based on Geographic Information System (GIS)-derived measures of street connectivity, land use mix, and population density and the Walk Score) with self-reported utilitarian walking and accelerometer-assessed daily steps in Canadian adults.

Design

A cross-sectional analysis of data collected as part of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007–2009).

Setting

Home neighbourhoods (500 m polygonal street network buffers around the centroid of the participant's postal code) located in Atlantic Canada, Québec, Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia.

Participants

5605 individuals participated in the survey. 3727 adults (≥18 years) completed a computer-assisted interview and attended a mobile clinic assessment. Analyses were based on those who had complete exposure, outcome and covariate data (n=2949).

Main exposure measures

GIS-derived walkability (based on land use mix, street connectivity and population density); Walk Score.

Main outcome measures

Self-reported utilitarian walking; accelerometer-assessed daily steps.

Results

No important relationship was observed between neighbourhood walkability and daily steps. Participants who reported more utilitarian walking, however, accumulated more steps (<1 h/week: 6613 steps/day, 95% CI 6251 to 6975; 1 to 5 h/week: 6768 steps/day, 95% CI 6420 to 7117; ≥6 h/week: 7391 steps/day, 95% CI 6972 to 7811). There was a positive graded association between walkability and odds of walking ≥1 h/week for utilitarian purposes (eg, Q4 vs Q1 of GIS-derived walkability: OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.11; Q3 vs Q1: OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.76; Q2 vs Q1: OR=1.13, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.39) independent of age, sex, body mass index, married/common law status, annual household income, having children in the household, immigrant status, mood disorder, perceived health, ever smoker and season.

Conclusions

Contrary to expectations, living in more walkable Canadian neighbourhoods was not associated with more total walking. Utilitarian walking and daily steps were, however, correlated and walkability demonstrated a positive graded relationship with utilitarian walking.
The PROblem Gambling RESearch Study (PROGRESS) research protocol: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of psychological interventions for problem gambling
Authors: Thomas Shane A , Merkouris Stephanie S , Browning Colette J , Radermacher Harriet , Feldman Susan , Enticott Joanne , Jackson Alun C
Published: November 2015

Introduction

International prevalence rates for problem gambling are estimated at 2.3%. Problem gambling is a serious global public health concern due to adverse personal and social consequences. Previous research evaluating the effectiveness of psychological interventions for the treatment of problem gambling has been compromised by methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and the use of waitlist control groups. This article describes the study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), behaviour therapy (BT), motivational interviewing (MI) against a non-directive supportive therapy (NDST) control, in treating problem gambling.

Methods and analysis

This study was a mixed-methods design, with a parallel group, pragmatic RCT as the primary component, and embedded qualitative studies conducted alongside. A total of 297 participants were recruited from the community in Victoria, Australia. Individuals aged 18 years and over, could communicate in English and wished to receive treatment for a gambling problem were eligible. Participants were randomly allocated in to 1 of the 4 psychological interventions: CBT, BT, MI and NDST. Repeated measures were conducted at pretreatment and post-treatment, and 6 and 12 months post-treatment. The statistical analysis will use an intention-to-treat approach. Multilevel mixed modelling will be used to examine changes in the primary outcome measures: gambling symptom severity, using the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale, and gambling behaviours (frequency, time and expenditure). Secondary outcomes are depression, anxiety, stress and alcohol use. Individual semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted at pretreatment and post-treatment and 12 months post-treatment for a subset of participants (n=66).

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Victorian Department of Justice, Monash University and the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committees. Findings will be reported in a government report, peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

Current Controlled TrialsISRCTN01629698.
Global health training in US obstetrics and gynaecology residency programmes: perspectives of students, residents and programme directors
Authors: Nathan Lisa M , Banks Erika H , Conroy Erin M , McGinn Aileen P , Ghartey Jeny P , Wagner Sarah A , Merkatz Irwin R
Published: November 2015

Background

Benefits of exposure to global health training during medical education are well documented and residents’ demand for this training is increasing. Despite this, it is offered by few US obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGYN) residency training programmes.

Objectives

To evaluate interest, perceived importance, predictors of global health interest and barriers to offering global health training among prospective OBGYN residents, current OBGYN residents and US OGBYN residency directors.

Methods

We designed two questionnaires using Likert scale questions to assess perceived importance of global health training. The first was distributed to current and prospective OBGYN residents interviewing at a US residency programme during 2012–2013. The second questionnaire distributed to US OBGYN programme directors assessed for existing global health programmes and global health training barriers. A composite Global Health Interest/Importance score was tabulated from the Likert scores. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess for predictors of Global Health Interest/Importance.

Results

A total of 159 trainees (77%; 129 prospective OBGYN residents and 30 residents) and 69 (28%) programme directors completed the questionnaires. Median Global Health Interest/Importance score was 7 (IQR 4–9). Prior volunteer experience was predictive of a 5-point increase in Global Health Interest/Importance score (95% CI −0.19 to 9.85; p=0.02). The most commonly cited barriers were cost and time.

Conclusion

Interest and perceived importance of global health training in US OBGYN residency programmes is evident among trainees and programme directors; however, significant financial and time barriers prevent many programmes from offering opportunities to their trainees. Prior volunteer experience predicts global health interest.
Clinical and diagnostic findings in patients with elevated cerebrospinal bilirubin
Authors: McCarron Mark O , Lynch Mark , McCarron Peter , McCluskey Gavin , McKee Jacqueline , McVerry Ferghal , O'Kane Maurice J
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spectroscopy can identify subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) when CT is negative in patients presenting with acute severe headache. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical use and usefulness of CSF spectrophotometry. Secondary objectives were to identify other causes of elevated CSF bilirubin, to analyse headache descriptions and to compare clinical features in patients with an elevated CSF bilirubin among those with and without an intracranial vascular cause of SAH (avSAH).

Methods

Consecutive patients admitted to two hospitals in Enniskillen and Londonderry between 1 January 2004 and 30 September 2014 with CSF spectroscopy bilirubin results were identified from a clinical chemistry laboratory dataset. Patients with elevated CSF bilirubin were studied. Clinical demographics, delays to investigation and final diagnoses were recorded. Patients with avSAH were compared with patients without avSAH.

Results

Among 1813 patients with CSF spectrophotometry results, requests increased more than threefold during the study (p<0.001). Fifty-six patients had elevated CSF bilirubin. Ten (17.9%) had avSAH, of which 8 (14.3%) had aneurysmal SAH. Non-vascular causes of elevated CSF bilirubin included meningitis, spontaneous intracranial hypotension and carcinomatous meningitis. Headache descriptions varied. Time from headache onset to admission, CT scan and lumbar puncture did not differ significantly for patients with avSAH and non-avSAH. CSF red cell counts were higher among patients with avSAH than patients with non-avSAH (p=0.005).

Conclusions

CSF bilirubin measurement has an important role in identifying avSAH in CT-negative patients presenting with a thunderclap headache. Better clinical selection of patients is required as CSF spectrophotometry, although sensitive, is not specific for SAH.
Accumulation of necrotic lesion inducing variants in TMV-infected plantlets derived from leaf disks of Nicotiana sylvestris
Authors: Khan Iqrar A. , Jones Gary E.
Published: November 2015

In an isolate of tobacco mosaic virus strain U1 there exists a small subpopulation containing a variant strain of the virus that induces the hypersensitive response on Nicotiana sylvestris Spegazzini & Comes. This type of variant is strongly selected for during the regeneration of plantlets from mature leaf tissue of plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus U1. When whole plants derived from disks were transferred into a glasshouse, those containing this type of variant were severely stunted, showed mosaic symptoms, and most of them died. Some that had originally contained lower titers of variant-type virus survived to flower but produced only a few seeds. Plants that initially contained only wild-type virus had high titers of tobacco mosaic virus, survived and grew well, exhibited mosaic symtoms, and flowered and set seed normally. Repeated assays of virus in these plants revealed no detectable variant-type virus. Apparently, during callus development and organogenesis in culture, partial segregation of the mixed U1 population occurred, and variants preferentially infected the developing tissues. This represents a situation in which dramatic change in the genetic structure of an RNA virus population occurs during development of the host plant.
Pathohistology of sunflower stems attacked by Diaporthe helianthi
Authors: Muntañola-Cvetković M. , Vukojević Jelena , Mihaljčević M.
Published: November 2015

Nearly 7000 histological preparations of sunflower plant parts attacked by the holomorph Diaporthe helianthi – Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet., Mihaljčević et Petrov have been examined since 1980. After foliar infection the hyphae progress through the vascular system and then spread to invade other tissues. Hyphal masses that form in the host cortex represent pycnidial primordia. When fully differentiated the pycnidia expand towards the host periphery and rupture the epidermis. The stem cankers with the conidiomata of the fungus represent an advanced stage of pathogenesis. The nuclear phase change of the fungus occurs in the host pericycle, beneath the endodermis. Ascogonia can be observed beginning in the autumn; their development into protoperithecia and perithecia takes place slowly and unevenly during the subsequent months. Perithecial maturation in spring, when ascospores are abundantly released, must coincide with the onset of host vegetation to satisfy the nutritional needs of the anamorphic, parasitic phase of the fungus. Exceptions to this general scheme have been observed, with ascospore maturation occurring during the winter months.
Studies on the effects, or lack thereof, of B chromosomes on the morphology and pollen viability in wild and cultivated plants of Xanthisma texanum (Compositae: Astereae)
Authors: Semple John C. , Chmielewski Jerry G.
Published: November 2015

Variation in eight morphological characters of 250 plants of the annual Xanthisma texanum DC. (Compositae: Astereae) with zero to three B chromosomes was investigated within and among four populations in southwestern Oklahoma in 2 successive years. A small significant difference was found in height of the stem to the first head produced between plants with and without B chromosomes in one site in 1 year, but no significant differences in total plant height, numbers of primary and secondary branches, length of all branches, and the numbers of immature, flowering, and postflowering heads were found. No differences were found between plants in different subsites of the same population, regardless of the number of B chromosomes, but differences were found among the three populations in 1 year. The lack of effect of B chromosomes also was observed in pollen viability in a small sample of wild and cultivated plants with zero to three B chromosomes.
New records and new species of Podospora from East Africa
Authors: Krug J. C. , Khan R. S.
Published: November 2015

Podospora deltoides and P. minipistillata spp.nov. are described and illustrated. Podospora cainii is placed in synonymy with P. prethopodalis and P. papillispora is considered to be an abnormal collection possibly referrable to P. papilliformis. Cultural information is provided for P. curvicolla, P. curvispora, and P. curvuloides. Numerous records for many previously recognized taxa are reported. Podospora austro-americana, P. curvuloides, P. ostlingospora, and P. platensis are new to Africa while P. curvicolla, P. curvispora, P. fimiseda, P. hyalopilosa, and P. tetraspora are additions for East Africa. Many new substrates are recorded.
Genetic, age, and ontogenetic variation of phyllotactic arrangements in pine species
Authors: Kremer A. , Xu Li-an , Guyon J. P. , Roussel G.
Published: November 2015

Variation in frequencies of phyllotactic series was analysed in three pine species: Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus banksiana Lamb., and Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. nigricans Host. The principal unijugate, the first accessory, and the principal bijugate series were represented in 98% of the trees observed irrespective of the species. Six various accessory series were recorded in the remaining 2%. Significant species differences were found in the proportions of the three most frequent series. Within Pinus pinaster, three other sources of phyllotactic arrangements were investigated: genetic, age, and ontogenetic. No significant differences in the proportions of phyllotactic series were found between populations or between full-sib families. No relationship could be detected between phyllotactic arrangements on first season seedlings and cotyledon numbers in the seed of the same genotype. The respective proportions of the three most frequent series remained constant during the first growing season starting 3–4 weeks after germination. However there was a consistent trend of variation with age: the frequency of the principal unijugate series constantly increased from 45% at age 1 to 79% at age 11, whereas the frequencies of the principal bijugate and first accessory series simultaneously decreased. Directions of the ontogenetic spiral were evenly distributed between clockwise and anticlockwise.
Calcium and pH co-restrict abundance of Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) in a Sphagnum bog in central British Columbia
Authors: Jones James M.C. , Massicotte Hugues B. , Fredeen Arthur L.
Published: November 2015

The genus Drosera (sundews) is represented in British Columbia (BC), Canada, by Drosera rotundifolia (L.), Drosera anglica (Huds.), and their hybrid Drosera × obovata (Mert. & W.D.J. Koch). All three can be found in Sphagnum bogs of central BC, including those within the Aleza Lake Research Forest (ALRF) located 60 km east of Prince George. Vegetation patterns in bogs are known to be correlated with light, water, and nutrient gradients, and despite information being available on the influence of light and water on Drosera occurrence, little information is known about the role of nutrients. Here, we focused on a bog containing all three Drosera species, to determine whether nutrient levels are related to the abundance of the widespread species, D. rotundifolia. Univariate regression tree analysis between soil water chemistry and D. rotundifolia numbers indicates that D. rotundifolia is a calcifuge, preferring moderately acidic soil pH (>5.5) and relatively low calcium levels (<2.88 ppm). This study provides evidence that high soil water calcium and low pH limit the growth of D. rotundifolia in field populations. The physiology underlying this preference, how this is affected by hybridization between other sundew species, and how this mineralogical limitation interacts with other niche-defining factors to dictate the occurrence of D. rotundifolia are questions that remain to be answered.
Casimir effects are not an experimental demonstration that free vacuum gravitates: connections to the Cosmological Constant Problem
Authors: Cerdonio Massimo , Rovelli Carlo
Published: November 2015

We discuss a concrete model of a Casimir cavity, with plane parallel metallic plates kept in mechanical equilibrium by a spring and placed in a weak gravitational field. We show that simple basic physics implies that the plates cannot be idealized as massless and therefore the effect of the vacuum is inextricably connected with the interaction with the matter of the plates. In Casimir cavities, it is a vacuum bound by matter which is at work. Therefore, the existence of the Casimir force does not imply that free vacuum gravitates and contributes to the cosmological constant.
RMVT-Based Nonlocal Timoshenko Beam Theory for Stability Analysis of Embedded Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube with Various Boundary Conditions
Authors: Wu Chih-Ping , Liou Jyun-Yu
Published: November 2015

On the basis of Reissner’s mixed variational theorem (RMVT), a nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) is developed for the stability analysis of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) embedded in an elastic medium, with various boundary conditions and under axial loads. Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory is used to account for the small length scale effect. The strong formulations of the RMVT-based nonlocal TBT and its associated possible boundary conditions are presented. The interaction between the SWCNT and its surrounding elastic medium is simulated using the Pasternak foundation models. The critical load parameters of the embedded SWCNT with different boundary conditions are obtained by using the differential quadrature (DQ) method, in which the locations of [Formula: see text] sampling nodes are selected as the roots of [Formula: see text]-order Chebyshev polynomials. The results of the RMVT-based nonlocal TBT are compared with those obtained using the principle of virtual displacement (PVD)-based nonlocal TBT available in the literature. The influences of some crucial effects on the critical load parameters of the embedded SWCNT are examined, such as different boundary conditions, Winkler stiffness and shear modulus of the foundation, aspect ratios, and the nonlocal parameter.
Interactive and Mediational Etiologic Models of Eating Disorder Onset: Evidence from Prospective Studies
Authors: Stice Eric
Published: November 2015

It is vital to elucidate how risk factors work together to predict eating disorder onset because it should improve the yield of prevention efforts. Risk factors that have predicted eating disorder onset in multiple studies include low body mass index (BMI) for anorexia nervosa; thin-ideal internalization, perceived pressure to be thin, body dissatisfaction, dieting, and negative affect for bulimia nervosa; and body dissatisfaction and dieting for purging disorder. No such risk factors have been identified for binge eating disorder. Classification tree analyses have identified several amplifying interactions, mitigating interactions, and alternative pathway interactions between risk factors, such as evidence that elevated BMI amplifies the risk between appearance overvaluation and the future onset of recurrent binge eating. However, there have been no tests of mediational risk factor models in the prediction of eating disorder onset. Gaps in the literature are identified and procedures for providing rigorous tests of interactive and mediational etiologic models are outlined.
Normal systemic iron homeostasis in mice with macrophage-specific deletion of transferrin receptor 2
Authors: Rishi Gautam , Secondes Eriza S. , Wallace Daniel F. , Subramaniam V. Nathan
Published: November 2015

Iron is an essential element, since it is a component of many macromolecules involved in diverse physiological and cellular functions, including oxygen transport, cellular growth, and metabolism. Systemic iron homeostasis is predominantly regulated by the liver through the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin expression is itself regulated by a number of proteins, including transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2). TFR2 has been shown to be expressed in the liver, bone marrow, macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Studies from our laboratory have shown that mice with a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Tfr2 recapitulate the hemochromatosis phenotype of the global Tfr2 knockout mice, suggesting that the hepatic expression of TFR2 is important in systemic iron homeostasis. It is unclear how TFR2 in macrophages contributes to the regulation of iron metabolism. We examined the role of TFR2 in macrophages by analysis of transgenic mice lacking Tfr2 in macrophages by crossing Tfr2 f/f mice with LysM-Cre mice. Mice were fed an iron-rich diet or injected with lipopolysaccharide to examine the role of macrophage Tfr2 in iron- or inflammation-mediated regulation of hepcidin. Body iron homeostasis was unaffected in the knockout mice, suggesting that macrophage TFR2 is not required for the regulation of systemic iron metabolism. However, peritoneal macrophages of knockout mice had significantly lower levels of ferroportin mRNA and protein, suggesting that TFR2 may be involved in regulating ferroportin levels in macrophages. These studies further elucidate the role of TFR2 in the regulation of iron homeostasis and its role in regulation of ferroportin and thus macrophage iron homeostasis.
Coefficient Bounds for Certain Subclasses ofm-Fold Symmetric Biunivalent Functions
Authors: Altınkaya Şahsene , Yalçın Sibel
Published: November 2015

We consider two new subclassesSΣmα,λandSΣmβ,λofΣmconsisting of analytic andm-fold symmetric biunivalent functions in the open unit diskU. Furthermore, we establish bounds for the coefficients for these subclasses and several related classes are also considered and connections to earlier known results are made.
Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Reshuffling Cluster Compressed Sensing
Authors: Zhu Lu , Ci Baishan , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Zhizhang (David)
Published: November 2015

The existing compressed sensing (CS) based data gathering (CSDG) methods in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually assume that the sensed data are sparse or compressible. However, the sparsity of raw sensed data in some case is not straightforward. In this paper, we present reshuffling cluster compressed sensing based data gathering (RCCSDG) method to achieve both energy efficiency and reconstruction accuracy in WSNs. By incorporating CS into the cluster protocol, RCCSDG is able to reduce the energy consumption and support larger networks. Moreover, the sparsity of raw sensed data can be greatly improved by reshuffling pretreatment. A theoretical analysis to energy consumption of cluster head is performed, and the cost of the pretreatment is small enough to be neglected. Based on these natures, the raw sensed data can be recovered from fewer samples. Also, considering the sensed data to be of excellent temporal stability in a short time, we reshuffle them just one time in this stable period to further reduce the energy consumption of WSNs. In addition, the delay of RCCSDG is analyzed based on TDMA2 scheduling scheme. We carry out simulations on real sensor datasets. The results show that the RCCSDG can effectively compress the data transmission and decrease energy consumption of WSNs while ensuring the reconstruction accuracy.
Ten-Year Follow-Up of Desarthrodesis of the Knee Joint 41 Years after Original Arthrodesis for a Bone Tumor
Authors: Kassem Abdelaal Ahmed Hamed , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Miwa Shinji , Inatani Hiroyuki , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: November 2015

Introduction. The main indication for knee arthrodesis in tumor surgery is a tumor that requires an extensive resection in which the joint surface cannot be preserved. We report a patient that had knee desarthrodesis 41 years after giant cell tumor resection followed by a knee arthrodesis. This is the longest reported follow-up after desarthrodesis and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), almost ten years.Case Report. A 71-year-old man with a distal femoral giant cell tumor had undergone a resection of the distal femur and knee arthrodesis using Kuntscher nail in 1962. In July 2003 he experienced gradually increasing pain of his left knee. We performed a desarthrodesis and conversion to TKA in 2005. The postoperative period passed uneventfully as his pain and gait improved, with gradually increasing range of motion (ROM) and no infection. He now walks independently, with no brace or contractures.Conclusion. Desarthrodesis of the knee joint and conversion to TKA are a difficult surgical choice with a high complication risk. However, our patient’s life style has improved, he has no pain, and he can ascend and descend stairs more easily. The surgeon has to be very meticulous in selecting a patient for knee arthrodesis and counseling them to realize that their expectations may not be achievable.
Tumor-To-Tumor Metastasis of Poorly Differentiated Gastric Carcinoma to Uterine Lipoleiomyoma
Authors: Kiyokoba Ryo , Yagi Hiroshi , Yahata Hideaki , Kawano Yoshiaki , Kaneki Eisuke , Okugawa Kaoru , Sonoda Kenzo , Kato Kiyoko
Published: November 2015

The rare phenomenon of tumor-to-tumor metastasis was first described in 1930. The donor neoplasm is most frequently lung or breast carcinoma, whereas intracranial meningiomas are reportedly the commonest recipient neoplasm. Here we report a case of metastasis from a primary gastric cancer to a uterine lipoleiomyoma. A 65-year-old woman presented with locally advanced gastric cancer with computed tomography (CT) evidence of peritoneal dissemination and a 9 cm pelvic mass. She underwent 16 courses of TS-1/cisplatin chemotherapy, which achieved significant tumor reduction. However, repeat CT and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 9 cm diameter pelvic mass adjacent to the uterus. The mass was heterogeneously hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted images with some low signal spots on fat-suppressed T1-weighted images, suggesting a benign ovarian tumor such as a mature cystic teratoma. After 3 months, pelvic CT revealed a 10 cm multilocular cystic mass that exhibited heterogeneous enhancement after intravenous contrast administration. A diagnostic laparotomy revealed a subserosal uterine tumor extending into the right broad ligament; total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The uterine tumor showed histological features of lipoleiomyoma infiltrated by well- to moderately differentiated carcinoma cells that were similar to those of the gastric biopsy, supporting a diagnosis of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.
Susac’s Syndrome: A Case with Unusual Cardiac Vestibular and Imaging Manifestations
Authors: River Yaron , Shupak Avi , Tiosano Beatrice , Danilov Vika , Braverman Itzhak
Published: November 2015

Susac’s syndrome (SS) is a disease of the microvasculature of the retina, brain, and inner ear. We describe a patient with unusual manifestations of SS with possible involvement of the brainstem, cardiac arrhythmia, and MRI findings lacking the characteristic lesions found in Susac’s syndrome.
Treatment of Recurrent Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder with Autologous Blood Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Malhotra Bharat , Rahal Ahmad K. , Farhoud Hussam , Moore Dennis F. , Kallail K. James
Published: November 2015

Background. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) occur after solid organ transplantation. Treatment guidelines include reduction in immunosuppression (RIS), radiation, rituximab, chemotherapy, and immunological agents. We present a rare case of recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as a PTLD in a heart transplant patient treated with autologous blood stem cell transplant (ASCT) after failure of conventional therapy.Case Presentation. A 66-year-old male presented with a neck mass. He has a history of Hodgkin’s disease status after staging laparotomy with splenectomy and heart transplantation due to dilated nonischemic cardiomyopathy 8 years prior to the development of PTLD. His examination was remarkable for right submandibular swelling. An excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell NHL. Patient received RIS, rituximab, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy with a complete remission. His lymphoma relapsed and he subsequently was treated with RICE salvage chemotherapy and consolidative high-dose chemotherapy with BEAC regimen followed by ASCT resulting in a complete remission.Conclusion. Patients with PTLD present a difficult therapeutic challenge. In this case, the patient’s prior history of Hodgkin’s disease, splenectomy, and a heart transplant appear to be unique features, the significance of which is unclear. ASCT might be a promising therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory PTLD.
Goldenhar Syndrome Associated with Extensive Arterial Malformations
Authors: Modica Renee Frances , Barbeau L. Daphna Yasova , Co-Vu Jennifer , Beegle Richard D. , Williams Charles A.
Published: November 2015

Goldenhar Syndrome is characterized by craniofacial, ocular and vertebral defects secondary to abnormal development of the 1st and 2nd branchial arches and vertebrae. Other findings include cardiac and vascular abnormalities. Though these associations are known, the specific anomalies are not well defined. We present a 7-month-old infant with intermittent respiratory distress that did not improve with respiratory interventions. Echocardiogram suggested a double aortic arch. Cardiac CT angiogram confirmed a right arch and aberrant, stenotic left subclavian artery, dilation of the main pulmonary artery, and agenesis of the left thyroid lobe. Repeat echocardiograms were concerning for severely dilated coronary arteries. Given dilation, a rheumatologic workup ensued, only identifying few weakly positive autoantibodies. Further imaging demonstrated narrowing of the aorta below the renal arteries and extending into the common iliac arteries and proximal femoral arteries. Given a physical exam devoid of rheumatologic findings, only weakly positive autoantibodies, normal inflammatory markers, and presence of the coronary artery dilation, the peripheral artery narrowings were not thought to be vasculitic. This case illustrates the need to identify definitive anomalies related to Goldenhar Syndrome. Although this infant’s presentation is rare, recognition of specific vascular findings will help differentiate Goldenhar Syndrome from other disease processes.
Rapamycin Protects from Type-I Peritoneal Membrane Failure Inhibiting the Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Endo-MT
Authors: González-Mateo Guadalupe Tirma , Aguirre Anna Rita , Loureiro Jesús , Abensur Hugo , Sandoval Pilar , Sánchez-Tomero José Antonio , del Peso Gloria , Jiménez-Heffernan José Antonio , Ruiz-Carpio Vicente , Selgas Rafael , López-Cabrera Manuel , Aguilera Abelardo , Liappas Georgios
Published: November 2015

Preservation of peritoneal membrane (PM) is essential for long-term survival in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Continuous presence of PD fluids (PDF) in the peritoneal cavity generates chronic inflammation and promotes changes of the PM, such as fibrosis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Endo-MT) seem to play a central role in this pathogenesis. We speculated that Rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressor, could be beneficial by regulating blood and lymphatic vessels proliferation. We demonstrate that mice undergoing a combined PD and Rapamycin treatment (PDF + Rapa group) presented a reduced PM thickness and lower number of submesothelial blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as decreased MMT and Endo-MT, comparing with their counterparts exposed to PD alone (PDF group). Peritoneal water transport in the PDF + Rapa group remained at control level, whereas PD effluent levels of VEGF, TGF-β, and TNF-αwere lower than in the PDF group. Moreover, the treatment of mesothelial cells with Rapamycinin vitrosignificantly decreased VEGF synthesis and selectively inhibited the VEGF-C and VEGF-D release when compared with control cells. Thus, Rapamycin has a protective effect on PM in PD through an antifibrotic and antiproliferative effect on blood and lymphatic vessels. Moreover, it inhibits Endo-MT and, at least partially, MMT.
Collecting Fecal Samples for Microbiome Analyses in Epidemiology Studies
Authors: Sinha Rashmi , Chen Jun , Amir Amnon , Vogtmann Emily , Shi Jianxin , Inman Kristin S. , Flores Roberto , Sampson Joshua , Knight Rob , Chia Nicholas
Published: November 2015

Background: The need to develop valid methods for sampling and analyzing fecal specimens for microbiome studies is increasingly important, especially for large population studies.

Methods: Some of the most important attributes of any sampling method are reproducibility, stability, and accuracy. We compared seven fecal sampling methods [no additive, RNAlater, 70% ethanol, EDTA, dry swab, and pre/post development fecal occult blood test (FOBT)] using 16S rRNA microbiome profiling in two laboratories. We evaluated nine commonly used microbiome metrics: abundance of three phyla, two alpha-diversities, and four beta-diversities. We determined the technical reproducibility, stability at ambient temperature, and accuracy.

Results: Although microbiome profiles showed systematic biases according to sample method and time at ambient temperature, the highest source of variation was between individuals. All collection methods showed high reproducibility. FOBT and RNAlater resulted in the highest stability without freezing for 4 days. In comparison with no-additive samples, swab, FOBT, and 70% ethanol exhibited the greatest accuracy when immediately frozen.

Conclusions: Overall, optimal stability and reproducibility were achieved using FOBT, making this a reasonable sample collection method for 16S analysis.

Impact: Having standardized method of collecting and storing stable fecal samples will allow future investigations into the role of gut microbiota in chronic disease etiology in large population studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 407–16. ©2015 AACR.
Defects in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Stimulate Tumor Cell Invasion through DNA-PK and Rac1 Signaling
Authors: Romick-Rosendale Lindsey E. , Hoskins Elizabeth E. , Privette Vinnedge Lisa M. , Foglesong Grant D. , Brusadelli Marion G. , Potter S. Steven , Komurov Kakajan , Brugmann Samantha A. , Lambert Paul F. , Kimple Randall J. , Virts Elizabeth L. , Hanenberg Helmut , Gillison Maura L. , Wells Susanne I.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a devastating disease, and Fanconi anemia (FA) gene mutations and transcriptional repression are common. Invasive tumor behavior is associated with poor outcome, but relevant pathways triggering invasion are poorly understood. There is a significant need to improve our understanding of genetic pathways and molecular mechanisms driving advanced tumor phenotypes, to develop tailored therapies. Here we sought to investigate the phenotypic and molecular consequences of FA pathway loss in HNSCC cells.

Experimental Design: Using sporadic HNSCC cell lines with and without FA gene knockdown, we sought to characterize the phenotypic and molecular consequences of FA deficiency. FA pathway inactivation was confirmed by the detection of classic hallmarks of FA following exposure to DNA cross-linkers. Cells were subjected to RNA sequencing with qRT-PCR validation, followed by cellular adhesion and invasion assays in the presence and absence of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and Rac1 inhibitors.

Results: We demonstrate that FA loss in HNSCC cells leads to cytoskeletal reorganization and invasive tumor cell behavior in the absence of proliferative gains. We further demonstrate that cellular invasion following FA loss is mediated, at least in part, through NHEJ-associated DNA-PK and downstream Rac1 GTPase activity.

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that FA loss stimulates HNSCC cell motility and invasion, and implicate a targetable DNA-PK/Rac1 signaling axis in advanced tumor phenotypes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 2062–73. ©2015 AACR.
Levodopa-Induced Motor and Dopamine Receptor Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans Overexpressing Human Alpha-Synuclein
Authors: Gupta Deepak K. , Hang Xi , Liu Ruifu , Hasan Armaan , Feng Zhaoyang
Published: November 2015

Background: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a disabling complication of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) with no effective treatments. Fluctuations in levels of levodopa constitute a key risk factor of LID. There is a pressing need for the development of a simple animal model of LID. Several genetic and toxin-based models of PD in Caenorhabditis elegans have been described, which have advanced our understanding of PD pathophysiology. We aimed to study levodopa-induced changes in a Parkinson's disease model of C. elegans expressing human α-synuclein. Methods: We exposed the α-synuclein C. elegans to levodopa in continuous and alternating fashions. Automated behavioral analysis was then used to quantify changes in motor activity. Confocal microscopy was used next to quantify changes in dopamine receptor distribution and expression in motor neurons of live C. elegans. Results: Chronic exposure to levodopa led to hyperactivity of the α-synuclein C. elegans without meaningful increase in motor activity. There was also an increase in peripheral clustering and expression of dopamine receptors in motor neurons. Both of these changes were significantly higher with alternating, compared to continuous, exposure to levodopa. Conclusions: This is the first report of changes in motor and dopamine receptors induced by levodopa in C. elegans overexpressing human α-synuclein. We propose that these phenotypes represent a simple animal model of LID in C. elegans. Such a model holds the promise of enabling high-throughput screenings for potential therapeutic targets and drug candidates.
Cytotechnologist Performance for Screening Hürthle Cell Atypia in Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspirates
Authors: VandenBussche Christopher J. , Adams Christina , Ali Syed Z. , Olson Matthew T.
Published: November 2015

Objectives: We have previously shown that specimens diagnosed as containing Hürthle cells have a 12% chance of being malignant if they are classified as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS-HC). The identification of Hürthle cells by cytotechnologists (CTs) during screening can improve cytopathologist efficiency and may prevent diagnostic errors due to the oversights of focal findings. Here, we examine the performance of our institutional CTs when screening for Hürthle cell atypia in thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. Study Design: Information on 8,814 thyroid cytopathology specimens was retrieved for a 10-year period. Specimens were screened by 1 of 11 CTs. A subsample of cases was categorized either as AUS-HC or suspicious for Hürthle cell neoplasm. Results: AUS-HC screening diagnoses were more likely to be downgraded to benign but less likely to be upgraded compared to AUS diagnoses with nuclear or microfollicular atypia. AUS-HC represents almost all papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) screening diagnoses downgraded to the AUS category, which suggests that even low levels of Hürthle cell atypia can result in PTC being included in the differential diagnosis. Conclusion: Overall, there are few major discrepancies between CT and pathologist diagnoses for specimens containing Hürthle cell atypia.
Wiki: uma experiência pedagógica
Authors: Gomes Mayra Rodrigues , Soares Rosana De Lima , Leite Andrea Limberto
Published: November 2015

As novas tecnologias associadas à internet trouxeram uma abertura de possibilidades para as produções artísticas e do mundo empresarial em geral. Neste trabalho, analisamos a adoção da ferramenta wiki em sala de aula tendo em vista tal abertura em relação à produção textual. O wiki nos permite questionar os parâmetros da linearidade do texto ao apresentar uma estrutura ramificada e, ainda, investigar a problemática da autoria, se supomos que uma de suas principais características é a autoria coletiva, princípio que define sua função. Assim, através da inovação apresentada na estrutura de edição textual, propomos uma investigação sobre seus efeitos em sala de aula, concentrando-nos especificamente em disciplinas da graduação em jornalismo.
Do silêncio à enunciação: formação de identidades nas narrativas de Moacyr Scliar
Authors: Heller Barbara
Published: November 2015

A premissa de Tzvetan Todorov sobre a importância de o sujeito, quando ora de seu país de origem, reconhecer seu lugar de enunciação para continuar a existir, serviu como ponto de partida para analisar, em quatro narrativas de Moacyr Scliar, como cinco de seus personagens, exilados de primeira ou segunda geração no Brasil, buscaram este lugar, criando, para isso, novas identidades ou tornando-se híbridos. Edward Said, que escreveu sobre exílio; Stuart Hall, sobre identidade e, finalmente, Nestor Canclini, sobre culturas híbridas, forneceram o suporte teórico para a análise.
Velhice e violência na mídia impressa
Authors: Côrte Beltrina
Published: November 2015

Como as notícias veiculadas nos jornais são tratadas? Simples informação, devendo obedecer aos princípios da objetividade, imparcialidade, neutralidade? Estas perguntas nortearam a pesquisa que analisou a cobertura da violência cometida contra o idoso na imprensa paulista. A partir de coleta de textos a respeito da velhice e envelhecimento em quatro jornais diários que circulam na cidade de São Paulo, foram selecionados aqueles correspondentes à violência. Analisaram-se 209 notícias de um total de 1980 matérias, extraídas de 736 edições, durante seis meses não consecutivos, entre 2004 e 2005. As páginas dos jornais impressos constatam o que está cristalizado como discurso sobre a violência, e têm, entre outros, papel de construtores da revisão da arena simbólica de uma sociedade que cada vez mais se vê obrigada a conviver com a longevidade humana.
Autoridades sob o olhar de Datena: uma análise do discurso do programa Brasil Urgente
Authors: Negrini Michele
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma reflexão sobre o discurso do apresentador José Luiz Datena do Brasil Urgente da Rede Bandeirantes. Datena, durante a apresentação do programa, tem uma postura opinativa, capaz de analisar e julgar as atitudes das autoridades competentes e os acontecimentos da sociedade. No decorrer do Brasil Urgente, o apresentador enfatiza ao público as suas opiniões acerca dos fatos e expõe os detalhes mais íntimos da vida das pessoas envolvidas nos casos apresentados. Tais evidências no Brasil Urgente o tornam um objeto rico para estudos. Tomamos como suporte metodológico a análise do discurso de linha francesa. Como objeto de pesquisa, analisamos uma edição do programa, que foi ao ar no mês de maio de 2006.
Entre a utopia e o ceticismo: as potencialidades dos diários virtuais no mercado de comunicação nacional
Authors: Tavernari Mariana Della Dea
Published: November 2015

Os diários virtuais são elementos-chave para compreender como se articulam as profecias otimistas e pessimistas em conseqüência da emergência de novas mídias e formatos no mercado de comunicação nacional. Sob a ótica da remediação, apresentam-se como uma alternativa à unilateralidade imposta pelos meios tradicionais ao introduzirem uma narrativa expressiva similar ao jornalismo literário aportada no ambiente bilateral e interconectado da Internet e tornam-se os alvos principais dos entusiastas que idealizam a concretização do chamado jornalismo cidadão.
Diversidade
Authors: Gomes Mayra Rodrigues
Published: November 2015

Dentre estas reverberações, compareceu o elogio à multiplicidade, enquanto representativa de diferenciados nichos, enfim, instalou-se a defesa da diversidade, enquanto princípio. Até a filosofia, desde a segunda metade do século passado, dedicou-se à diversidade, na forma da diferença ou dos devires. A RuMoRes, com os artigos que tem publicado, alinha-se a este princípio, como não podia deixar de ser, em variadas manifestações: diversidade de autores publicados, quanto a suas especialidades, instituições de origem e titulações; diversidade de objeto e método.