bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Complexes Comprising C(4)‐Bound Diimidazolylidene Carbenes
Authors: Heckenroth Marion , Albrecht Martin
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Fluorescent 2‐Pyrone Derivatives Using Ketene Dithioacetals for Organic EL Devices
Authors: Hagimori Masayori , Mizuyma Naoko , Shigemitsu Yasuhiro , Wang Bo‐Cheng , Tominaga Yoshinori
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Stable Nitrenium Ions to Preparative Organic Chemistry
Authors: Kikugawa Yasuo
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed, Direct and Site‐Selective N1‐, C2‐ or C3‐Arylation of the Indole Nucleus: 20 Years of Improvements
Authors: Joucla Lionel , Djakovitch Laurent
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Libraries Synthesis by Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Jitender Singh , Anju Goyal , Pal Pathak Dharam
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Polymer Open Frameworks Constructed of Macrocyclic Complexes
Authors: Suh Myunghyun Paik , Moon Hoi Ri
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Metallo‐Supramolecular Systems Incorporating β‐Diketone Motifs as Structural Elements
Authors: Bray David J. , Clegg Jack K. , Lindoy Leonard F. , Schilter David
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers in Catalysis
Authors: Serp Philippe
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Anchored Metal Complex Catalysts
Authors: Freire Cristina , Silva Ana Rosa
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon as Catalyst Support
Authors: Rodriguez‐Reinoso Francisco , Sepulveda‐Escribano Antonio
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Lamellar Materials by Self‐Assembly and Coordination Chemistry in the Solids
Authors: Alauzun Johan , Mehdi Ahmad , Mouawia Rola , Reye Catherine , Corriu Robert J. P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sterols Oxygenated in the Terminal Fragment of Their Side Chains
Authors: Antonchick A. V. , Zhabinskii V. N. , Khripach V. A.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Ramsden C. A.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (Arylimino) Phosphines and (Arylimino) Phosphoranes
Authors: Alajarin M. , Lopez‐Leonardo C. , Berna J.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Azides
Authors: Braese S. , Keck D.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylhydrazines
Authors: Begtrup M. , Rasmussen L. K.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Haloarylamines
Authors: Chiara J. L.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylamine N‐Oxides and Arylaminoxyl Radicals
Authors: Schmidt A.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Celebrating 20 Years of SYNLETT — Special Account on the Merits of Biocatalysis and the Impact of Arene cis‐Dihydrodiols on Enantioselective Synthesis
Authors: Hudlicky Tomas , Reed Josephine W.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Reppe: Building Substituted Arenes by [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Alkynes
Authors: Galan Brandon R. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Helical Arrangement of Porphyrins Along DNA: Towards Photoactive DNA‐Based Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Electrophilic Species in the Fischer—Tropsch Reaction
Authors: Maitlis Peter M. , Zanotti Valerio
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors for the Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Silverman Richard B.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Single‐Molecule Nanocars
Authors: Vives Guillaume , Tour James M.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Pellissier Helene
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pharmacogenomics: Inter‐ethnic and Intra‐ethnic Differences in Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Clinically Relevant Drugs
Authors: Ieiri Ichiro , Higuchi Shun
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Creation of Biocatalysts with Prescribed Properties
Authors: Tishkov V. I. , Savin S. S. , Khoronenkova S. V.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thresholds in Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity: Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis
Authors: Cohen Samuel M.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in O‐Hydroxyaryl Schiff Bases
Authors: Filarowski Aleksander , Koll Aleksander , Sobczyk Lucjan
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Glycosidic Linkage: Secondary Structures in the Gas Phase
Authors: Simons John P. , Stanca‐Kaposta E. Cristina , Cocinero Emilio J. , Liu B. , Davis Benjamin G. , Gamblin David P. , Kroemer Romano T.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interference of amino‐terminal desmin fragments with desmin filament formation
Authors: Bär Harald , Sharma Sarika , Kleiner Helga , Mücke Norbert , Zentgraf Hanswalter , Katus Hugo A. , Aebi Ueli , Herrmann Harald
Published: June 2009

Short polypeptides from intermediate filament (IF) proteins containing one of the two IF‐consensus motifs interfere severely with filament assembly in vitro. We now have systematically investigated a series of larger fragments of the muscle‐specific IF protein desmin representing entire functional domains such as coil1 or coil 2. “Half molecules” comprising the amino‐terminal portion of desmin, such as DesΔC240 and the “tagged” derivative Des(ESA)ΔC244, assembled into large, roundish aggregates already at low ionic strength, DesΔC250 formed extended, relatively uniform filaments, whereas DesΔC265 and DesΔC300 were soluble under these conditions. Surprisingly, all mutant desmin fragments assembled very rapidly into long thick filaments or spacious aggregates when the ionic strength was raised to standard assembly conditions. In contrast, when these desmin mutants were assembled in the presence of wild‐type (WT) desmin, their assembly properties were completely changed: The elongation of the two shorter desmin fragments was completely inhibited by WT desmin, whereas DesΔC250, DesΔC265 and DesΔC300 coassembled with desmin into filaments, but these mixed filaments were distinctly disturbed and exhibited a very different phenotype for each mutant. After transfection into fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, the truncated mutant Des (ESA)ΔC244 localized largely to the cytoplasm, as revealed by a tag‐specific monoclonal antibody, and also partially colocalized there with the collapsed endogenous vimentin and desmin systems indicating its interference with IF‐organizing processes. In contrast, in cells without an authentic cytoplasmic IF system such as line SW13, Des(ESA)ΔC242 entered the nucleus and was deposited in small dot‐like structures in chromatin‐free spaces without any noticeable effect on nuclear morphology. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 986–999, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cytoskeletal tropomyosin can compromise the structural integrity of skeletal muscle
Authors: Kee Anthony J. , Gunning Peter W. , Hardeman Edna C.
Published: June 2009

We have identified a number of extra‐sarcomeric actin filaments defined by cytoskeletal tropomyosin (Tm) isoforms. Expression of a cytoskeletal Tm (Tm3) not normally present in skeletal muscle in a transgenic mouse resulted in muscular dystrophy. In the present report we show that muscle pathology in this mouse is late onset (between 2 and 6 months of age) and is predominately in the back and paraspinal muscles. In the Tm3 mice, Evans blue dye uptake in muscle and serum levels of creatine kinase were markedly increased following downhill exercise, and the force drop following a series of lengthening contractions in isolated muscles (extensor digitorum longus) was also significantly increased in these mice. These results demonstrate that expression of an inappropriate Tm in skeletal muscle results in increased susceptibility to contraction‐induced damage. The extra‐sarcomeric actin cytoskeleton therefore may have an important role in protecting the muscle from contractile stress. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
North‐ and South‐Bicyclo[3.1.0]Hexene Nucleosides: The Effect of Ring Planarity on Anti‐HIV Activity
Authors: Russ Pamela L. , Gonzalez‐Moa Maria J. , Vu B. Christie , Sigano Dina M. , Kelley James A. , Lai Christopher C. , Deschamps Jeffrey R. , Hughes Stephen H. , Marquez Victor E.
Published: June 2009

The syntheses of new conformationally locked North‐ and South‐bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene nucleosides is reported. The North analogues were synthesized by a convergent approach from the known (1S,2R,5R)‐5‐[(tert‐butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl]bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐en‐2‐ol by Mitsunobu coupling with the nucleobases. The South analogues were synthesized from their bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleoside precursors by the selective protection of the primary hydroxy group, conversion of the secondary alcohol into a good leaving group, and base‐catalyzed elimination to generate the olefin. The transformation of a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleoside into a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene nucleoside flattens the five‐membered ring of the bicyclic system and rescues anti‐HIV activity for North‐D4T, North‐D4A, and South‐D4C. The relationship between planarity and the anti/syn disposition of the nucleobase that is favored by a particular pseudosugar platform are proposed as key parameters in controlling biological activity.
Activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase is an independent prognostic factor in clinically confined renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Campbell Lee , Nuttall Rosa , Griffiths David , Gumbleton Mark
Published: June 2009

BACKGROUND:

Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) promotes proliferation, metastasis, and poor survival in cancers of the breast, lung, and liver. Advanced localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is extraordinarily treatment resistant and has high recurrence rates despite surgery. Limited data exist regarding the prognostic significance of activated (phosphorylated) ERK in RCC. The authors hypothesized that activated ERK (pERK) promotes disease progression and metastasis in localized RCC and may be of value as a biomarker to predict disease recurrence.

METHODS:

The expression profile of pERK was examined by immunocytochemistry using a tissue microarray constructed from 174 drug treatment–naive patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy for localized RCC. Levels of tumor‐cell specific pERK were scored and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters of RCC and disease‐free survival.

RESULTS:

Immunostaining for pERK was present in 36% of all RCCs, with a predominance found in the clear cell histologic subtype. High expression was associated with increased tumor size, increased TNM stage, and vascular invasion. Patients with pERK‐positive tumors had a mean disease‐free survival of 4.19 years, compared with 6.38 years for patients with pERK‐negative tumors (P < .001). Cox regression models revealed pERK to be a significant independent predictor of disease‐free survival, with a hazards score of 2.9 (P < .001), a value similar to tumor grade (hazards ratio, 3.01; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Expression of pERK is an independent prognostic factor in RCC that is associated with advanced and aggressive pathologic features of renal tumors and predicts the onset of metastasis in patients with localized disease. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Hormone replacement therapy and survival in lung cancer in postmenopausal women in a rural population
Authors: Huang Bin , Carloss Harry , Wyatt Stephen W. , Riley Elizabeth
Published: June 2009

BACKGROUND:

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may play a role in the development of lung cancer and subsequent survival. Results from studies exploring these issues are inconsistent. A retrospective study in a rural population was conducted to determine whether a history of HRT use is associated with survival of postmenopausal women with lung cancer.

METHODS:

A retrospective medical chart review of 648 postmenopausal women, diagnosed with a first primary lung cancer between1995 and 2005, was conducted in a regional hospital in Paducah, Kentucky. History of HRT use was collected. Log‐rank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to examine the effects of HRT on survival.

RESULTS:

The median survival for women with a history of HRT use was 16.4 months, compared with 10.5 months for women without a history of HRT use. However, this difference in survival was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.82‐1.44). Women with a history of HRT use were younger on average (64.3 years) at diagnosis than women without a history of HRT use (69.5 years, P < .01). Cigarette smoking was adversely associated with survival (P = .03), as were age (P < .01) and TNM stage (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

In contrast to previous studies, within this population, a history of HRT use in postmenopausal lung cancer patients was not associated with decreased survival. Because most of the published studies on this issue are retrospective, the discrepant findings reflect the complexity of the role of HRT use in the survival of lung cancer patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation carrying momentum along a curve
Authors: Mahmoudi Fethi , Montenegro Marcelo , Malchiodi Andrea
Published: June 2009

We prove existence of a special class of solutions to the (elliptic) nonlinear Schrödinger equation −ε2Δψ + V(x)ψ = |ψ|p − 1ψ on a manifold or in Euclidean space. Here V represents the potential, p an exponent greater than 1, and ε a small parameter corresponding to the Planck constant. As ε tends to 0 (in the semiclassical limit) we exhibit complex‐valued solutions that concentrate along closed curves and whose phases are highly oscillatory. Physically these solutions carry quantum‐mechanical momentum along the limit curves. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intersection homology with field coefficients: K‐Witt spaces and K‐Witt bordism
Authors: Friedman Greg
Published: June 2009

We construct geometric examples of pseudomanifolds that satisfy the Witt condition for intersection homology Poincaré duality with respect to certain fields but not others. We then compute the bordism theory of K‐Witt spaces for an arbitrary field K, extending results of Siegel for K = ℚ. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined effects of crucible geometry and Marangoni convection on silicon Czochralski crystal growth
Authors: Mokhtari F. , Bouabdallah A. , Zizi M. , Hanchi S. , Alemany A.
Published: June 2009

In order to understand the influence of crucible geometry combined with natural convection and Marangoni convection on melt flow pattern, temperature and pressure fields in silicon Czochralski crystal growth process, a set of numerical simulations was conducted. We carry out calculation enable us to determine temperature, pressure and velocity fields in function of Grashof and Marangoni numbers. The essential results show that the hemispherical geometry of crucible seems to be adapted for the growth of a good quality crystal and the pressure field is strongly affected by natural and Marangoni convection and it is more sensitive than temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Syntheses and crystal structures of two polymorphs of three‐dimensional silver (I) 5‐(3‐aminophenyl)tetrazolates
Authors: Kou Jun‐Feng , Zhu Yu , Yang Guang
Published: June 2009

Two polymorphs of silver 5‐(3‐aminophenyl)tetrazolates – α‐ and β‐Ag(amphttz) have been obtained by the reaction of amphttzH with AgNO3 in presence of ammonia either in ambient condition or under the hydrothermal condition, respectively (amphttzH = 5‐(3‐aminophenyl)tetrazole). Both of the two phases of Ag(amphttz) were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray analysis shows α‐, β‐phases crystallize in P ‐1 with a = 8.551 (2) Å, b = 8.720(2) Å, c = 11.173(2) Å, α = 98.15(3)°, β = 90.95(3)°, γ = 95.45(3)° and C 2/c with a = 13.542(3) Å, b = 10.135(2) Å, c = 12.610(3) Å, β = 113.58(3)°, respectively. The two polymorphs exhibit different 3D structures. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural properties of Zn1–xMgxO nanomaterials prepared by sol‐gel method
Authors: Heiba Z. K. , Arda L.
Published: June 2009

The mixed oxides Zn1‐xMgxO (ZMO) were prepared as nano‐polycrystalline powders and thin films by a simple sol–gel process and dip coating method. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to study the thermal chemistry properties of dried gel. Structural and microstructural analysis was carried out applying x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld method. Analysis showed that for x < 0.25, Mg replaces Zn substitutionally yielding ZMO single phase, while for x ≥ 0.25 two phases are identified ZMO and MgO. Replacing Zn2+ by Mg2+ distorts the cation tetrahedrons and decreases the lattice constants ratio c/a of the wurtzite ZMO which deviate the lattice gradually from the hexagonal structure as Mg+2 increases. These distortions are attributed to the difference in electronic configuration of the two cations which suppress the paraelectric‐ferroelectric phase transition in the ZMO wurtzite. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High temperature powder diffraction and solid state DFT study of β‐cryolite (Na3AlF6)
Authors: Smrčok Ľ. , Kucharík M. , Tovar M. , Žižak I.
Published: June 2009

Neutron and synchrotron powder diffraction data for β‐cryolite were collected within 550‐800(880) °C. Atomic coordinates of Al, F and Na atoms were obtained by both neutron Rietveld refinement and energy minimization in solid state at DFT level of theory. It was shown that although Rietveld refinements with fluorine atoms statically displaced from the 24e to the 96k special position of the Fm‐3m space group provide a reasonable fit to the experimental data, the refined structure differ from that obtained by the total energy minimization. The structure with the minimum of the total energy corresponds to the low temperature α‐phase with a zigzag arrangement of the polyhedra built around the Al and Na atoms. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DC conductivity studies in K3Na(SeO4)2 single crystals
Authors: Joseph G. , Kumar A. Santhosh , Iype L. , Rajesh R. , Louis G.
Published: June 2009

DC electrical conductivity studies were carried out along the three crystallographic axes for Tripotassium sodium diselenate (K3Na(SeO4)2 or KNSe). Earlier studies of phase transition in this crystal show successive phase transitions at 334 K, 346 K, 730 K, and 758 K. In this paper we report the dc electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature region 303 K – 430 K along a, b and c – axes. An anomaly in conductivity was obtained around 341 K and another one around 333 K. These can be attributed as due to phase transitions in this crystal. A strong anomaly also has been observed along the c‐axis and comparatively week one along a and b axes around 395 K for the first time. This can be due to newly observed phase transition in the crystal. DSC taken for the sample also shows endothermic peak supporting the occurrence of newly observed phase transition. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature dependence of the density of some liquid crystals in the alkyl cyanobiphenyl series
Authors: Zgura I. , Moldovan R. , Beica T. , S.Frunza
Published: June 2009

Experimental results for the temperature dependence of the density of propyl – cyanobiphenyl (3CB), butyl – cyanobiphenyl (4CB) and hexyl – cyanobiphenyl (6CB) are presented. The results are compared with previous results for temperature dependence of other members of the alkyl cyanobiphenyl series (nCB). The deviation of the density from linear temperature dependence is discussed in terms of the recently discovered corresponding rule for nematic liquid crystals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SQUID magnetometry, EPR and XPS characterization of Y3Al5O12: Co, Si single crystals
Authors: Talik E. , Szubka1 M. , Skrzypek D. , Zarek W. , Kusz J. , Łukasiewicz T.
Published: June 2009

Single crystals of garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG): Co and Co, Si were grown by Czochralski method as materials for optoelectronic applications. Silicon doping is responsible for the change of the Co3+ ions into Co2+ in order to keep charge neutrality of the material and for a coloration of materials. Magnetization and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance measurements show that the most cobalt ions in the silicon co‐doped crystals were Co2+ in octahedral positions. Estimated concentration of the Co2+ ions were close to Si4+ nominal concentration. A little excess of Co2+ may be ascribed to defects present in the crystals. For the crystal doped only with Co, the concentration of Co2+ was about 13% of the nominal Co amount and might be caused by crystal defects. X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy measurements exhibit aluminium deficiency. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Critical success factors for corporate social responsibility: a public sector perspective
Authors: Sangle Shirish
Published: June 2009

Managers in the public sector consider corporate social responsibility (CSR) as strategically important for their organizations. A positive correlation between CSR and financial performance is well established in the literature. However, little research has been done to understand which factors lead to the positive correlation between CSR and business performance. This study aims to empirically analyze critical success factors (CSFs) for CSR in the Indian public sector. It seeks to evaluate the factors that make CSR successful. The research results show that ability to integrate CSR with other functional strategies is the most critical success factor for CSR. Other critical success factors are ability to manage stakeholder groups, ability to evaluate benefits of CSR and top management support. Based on the research findings, the study proposes some important managerial implications with respect to CSFs for CSR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Managing corporate citizenship: a new tool for companies
Authors: Veleva Vesela R.
Published: June 2009

In today's global economic downturn, identifying a company's strengths and weaknesses for better aligning resources and strategies, is becoming more important than ever. Organizations that look at corporate citizenship as a critical part of business for providing new market opportunities, reducing risk, or improving reputation, are making greater efforts to assess their strengths and weaknesses to better prioritize resources and actions. Having the appropriate tools with which to do so is vital. This paper discusses the challenges of corporate citizenship management and outlines key findings and lessons learned from piloting a new assessment tool for companies. It presents two examples of how companies have used the tool to advance their corporate citizenship efforts. Finally, it summarizes key findings about ‘gaps’ and ‘strengths’ in corporate citizenship management today and provides recommendations for further research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Detection of intracellular ADAMTS13, a secreted zinc‐metalloprotease, via flow cytometry
Authors: Geetha S. , Allen Courtni E. , Hunt Ryan C. , Plum Elizabeth , Garfield Susan , Friedman Scott L. , Soejima Kenji , Sauna Zuben E. , Kimchi‐Sarfaty Chava
Published: June 2009

ADAMTS13 is a secreted metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand Factor multimers in order to maintain proper homeostasis. A severe deficiency in ADAMTS13 triggers a disorder known as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. At present, ADAMTS13 expression levels are determined by immunoblotting. We established a flow cytometry methodology to detect intracellular ADAMTS13 in liver and kidney cells using a polyclonal antibody, BL154G, and several monoclonal antibodies previously used to detect ADAMTS13 by immunoblotting. The results were validated using confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, and an activity assay (FRETS‐VWF73). We show that labeling ADAMTS13 with specific antibodies and detection by flow cytometry yields results that are comparable with previously established methods for ADAMTS13 detection. Specifically, we compared the endogenous expression levels of ADAMTS13 in various liver cell lines using flow cytometry and obtained results that parallel immunoblot analysis. Knockdown of ADAMTS13 expression via targeted siRNA resulted in significantly reduced median signal, displaying the sensitivity of this detection method. A further analysis of reliability and specificity was achieved through plasmid DNA and transfection reagent dose response studies. The flow cytometry method described here is useful in determining the expression of both endogenous and recombinant forms of intracellular ADAMTS13. Flow cytometry is a convenient, efficient, and cost‐effective way to measure the expression levels of ADAMTS13. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncocytic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lee John , Hasteh Farnaz
Published: June 2009

Identification of Hürthle cells on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid leads to a wide differential diagnosis including benignand malignant entities. We report the cytological and histological findings of a patient with an oncocytic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with concurrent Hashimoto's thyroiditis. FNA revealed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with Hürthle cells demonstrating abnormal chromatin patterns, nuclear enlargement, pleomorphism, intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations, and foci of papillary aggregates. Because of the degree of nuclear atypia and suspicion for concurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma, a total thyroidectomy was performed revealing a papillary arrangement of Hürthle cells with classic PTC nuclear changes and associated Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This report discusses cytopathological features of a rare variant of PTC (oncocytic subtype) in the background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We also briefly discuss the differential diagnosis and diagnostic pitfalls of Hürthle cell lesions, with a review of the literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual microbial organisms seen in two cervical smears
Authors: Brimo Fadi , Ouad Lydiai , Brodeur Julie , Charbonneau Michele , Auger Manon
Published: June 2009

Very infrequently, unusual microbial organisms are encountered in routine cervical Pap tests. We herein report two such cases in two asymptomatic women. Case 1. A Pap smear of a 16‐year‐old‐female showed rare glandular cells with cytologic features consistent with Cytomegalovirus infection. Case 2. A Pap smear of a 36‐year‐old female exhibited rare fungal organisms characterized by thin septate hyphae branching into secondary branches (metulae) which carried multiple flask‐shaped philiades most consistent with Penicillium species that were “most likely representing contamination.” We discuss the cytomorphological features and the differential diagnosis and provide a brief review of the literature on these topics. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of dedifferentiated acinic cell carcinoma: Report of a case with cyto‐histological correlation
Authors: Johnykutty Sharlin , Miller Chase Henderson , Hoda Rana S. , Giampoli Ellen J.
Published: June 2009

Dedifferentiated Acinic Cell Carcinoma (DAcCC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy. It has a high tendency to recur and metastasize and thus has a poor prognosis. So far, to our knowledge, only one case of DAcCC has been reported in the cytology literature. Herein, we describe a second case of DAcCC from a fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) along with its subsequent histological correlation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions—An extremely unusual finding in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: Report of a case diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Siddaraju Neelaiah , Singh Neha , Basu Debdatta , Srinivasan Renuka
Published: June 2009

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is one of the commonest childhood tumors that usually presents as a small round cell tumor (SRCT). We report a case of an ERMS expressing frequent and prominent intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (INCIs). Our patient was a 3‐year‐old female child who presented with proptosis of the left eye with left sided cervical lymphadenopathy. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears from both the orbital lesion and the cervical lymph nodes were cellular with features of a small round cell tumor (SRCT). The most striking cytologic feature observed was the presence of frequent and highly prominent INCIs. Despite the diagnostic dilemma caused by this unusual finding, a differential diagnosis of peripheral neurectodermal tumor (PNET) /Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, and ERMS was considered. Immunocytochemistry (ICC), using an appropriate panel of markers showed it to be a case of ERMS. Interestingly, though, not as frequent as on cytologic smears; INCIs could be appreciated even on biopsy material. INCIs in an ERMS are highly unusual and, to our knowledge, have not been documented so far. As a result of lack of any such cases in the literature, at present, the significance of this unique finding is not clear, and therefore needs to be investigated, as and when such cases are encountered in the future. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma by imprint cytology, frozen section and rapid immunohistochemistry
Authors: Upender Sharma , Mohan Harsh , Handa Uma , Attri Ashok K.
Published: June 2009

Sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) isolated in 40 patients of breast carcinoma (stage T1/T2) were evaluated intraoperatively by imprint cytology and frozen section. Rapid immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done in cases where both imprint smears and frozen sections were negative for any metastatic tumor deposits. The results of these different techniques were compared with postoperative paraffin sections taken as “Gold Standard.” Nottingham modification of Bloom Richardson scoring system was used for grading the tumors. Further, the correlation of the SLN status with tumor size, grade, and lymphovascular invasion was studied. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of imprint cytology were 91.7, 100, and 95% respectively, and those of the frozen section were 95.8, 100, and 97.5% respectively. Examination of multiple serial sections improved the sensitivity and overall accuracy of frozen section. Results of intraoperative rapid IHC were equivalent to final paraffin sections. Histological grade and lymphovascular invasion were in direct correlation with SLN metastasis (P < 0.05). The risk of lymphovascular invasion increased from 22.2% in grade I tumors to 85.7% in grade III tumors. SLN biopsy is a reliable method to evaluate the status of the axillary lymph nodes. Imprint cytology can be used reliably where the facility of frozen section is not available. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of hormone receptor status and HER2 in cytologic cell blocks from breast cancer using the novel rabbit monoclonal antibodies (SP1, SP2, and SP3)
Authors: Nassar Aziza , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin
Published: June 2009

The determination of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status has become standard practice in the evaluation of patients with invasive breast cancer, having important prognostic and therapeutic implications. HER2 assessment is important to evaluate the response to Herceptin® (Trastuzumab) therapy for primary and metastatic breast cancer. This study is undertaken to compare rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RabMAb) for ER, PR, and HER2 against FDA‐approved monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (FDAMpab).

Cell blocks from primary and metastatic/recurrent breast carcinomas of 52 breast cancer patients were used. Immunohistochemistry was performed, following optimized epitope retrieval, with a polymer based detection system using RabMAb: ER (SP1), PR (SP2), and HER2 (SP3). FDA approved Mpab (Dako) used were: ER (1D5); PR (PgR636); and HercepTest® kit according to manufacturer's instructions. HER2 immunostain is correlated with FISH results.

Overall, positive, and negative agreement is as follows: 88.5, 88.9, and 88.2% for ER; 84.6, 70.5, and 91.4% for PR; 58.3, 100, and 50% for HER2. There is substantial to moderate agreement between RabMAb and FDAMpab for ER (κ = 0.75) and PR (κ = 0.64), respectively. There is poor agreement (κ = 0.25) between RabMAb (SP3) and FDApab (HercepTest®). SP3 shows better concordance (93.8%) than HercepTest® (46.9%) with FISH results.

RabMAb SP clones are almost comparable with FDA‐approved ER and PR, with fair to moderate agreement. Both are as sensitive as their FDA‐approved clones. SP3, on the other hand, is superior to HercepTest® for detecting HER2 overexpression, with an excellent concordance with FISH. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of mice that conditionally express the activation domain of Notch2
Authors: Varadkar Prajakta A. , Kraman Matthew , McCright Brent
Published: June 2009

The Notch pathway is an intercellular signaling mechanism frequently used for controlling cell fate during organogenesis. There are four structurally related Notch receptors in mice and humans, and Notch1 and Notch2 are essential genes. In this report we describe the construction of a transgenic mouse strain that expresses the Notch2 intracellular domain in response to cell lineage specific expression of Cre recombinase. This approach bypasses the requirement for ligand‐ receptor interaction and allows the direct determination of the consequences of Notch2 activation in vivo. Exogenous expression of the Notch2 intracellular domain resulted in the developmental arrest of secondary heart field derived cardiomyocytes during the transition from immature α‐Smooth Muscle Actin expressing cells to mature α‐Actinin positive cardiomyocytes. In contrast, a cell nonautonomous mesenchymal expansion was observed in semilunar valves. This new conditionally expressed allele of Notch2 can be used in studies by investigators interested in the effects of Notch2 activation in vivo. genesis, 47:573–578, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in allele‐specific association of histone modifications at the imprinting control regions during mouse preimplantation development
Authors: Kim Jin‐Moon , Ogura Atsuo
Published: June 2009

Allele‐specific association of histone modification is observed at the regulatory region of imprinted genes and has been suggested to work as an epigenetic marker for monoallelic gene expression, along with the allelic CpG methylation of DNA. Although the parent‐origin‐specific epigenetic status in imprinted genes is thought to be established during preimplantation development, little is known about the allelic specificity of histone modifications during this period because of the limited volume of material available for analysis. In this study, we first revealed the allelic enrichment of histone modifications and variant histones at the imprinting control regions (ICRs) of four‐cell to blastocyst stage preimplantation embryos by using carrier chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequence polymorphism analysis of immunoprecipitated DNA. We found relative enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation at the imprinted alleles of ICRs and obtained the results suggesting that histone modifications at ICRs are established during a late preimplantation stage. genesis, 47:611–616, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
STATCOM using the new concept of an inverter system with controlled gradational voltage
Authors: Hatano Nobuhiko , Kishida Yukimori , Iwata Akihiko
Published: June 2009

This paper presents the STATCOM using the new concept of an inverter system which consists of three inverter units connected in series, and each inverter unit generates a different input voltage such as VC, 2VC, 4VC. This inverter system can output a high‐quality voltage by a low‐frequency switching operation. Thus, it can combine low loss and high quality. In this paper, we show the technique to apply STATCOM which uses the inverter system, and examination results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 58–65, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/eej.20823
An induction heating method with traveling magnetic field for long structure metal
Authors: Sekine Takamitsu , Tomita Hideo , Obata Shuji , Saito Yukio
Published: June 2009

A novel dismantlable adhesion method for recycling operation of interior materials is proposed. This method applies a high‐frequency induction heating (IH) and a thermoplastic adhesive. For adhesion of interior materials to long steel studs, a conventional spiral coil such as IH cooking heater is inadequate for uniform heating to the stud. Therefore, we have proposed an induction heating method with traveling magnetic field for perfect long structure bonding. In this paper, we describe the new adhesion method using a 20‐kHz, three‐phase 200‐V inverter and linear induction coil. From induction heating characteristics to thin steel plates and long studs, the method demonstrates its usefulness for uniform heating to long structures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 32–39, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20833
Thrust characteristics of high‐thrust spiral motor obtained by FEM analysis
Authors: Kwon Hyuk‐Jin , Fujimoto Yasutaka
Published: June 2009

We propose a spiral‐type motor that has high thrust characteristics as a linear actuator. This motor generates torque around the axis and thrust in the axial direction only by electromagnetic force. It has little friction because no additional hardware is required for straight‐line movement. This paper presents the concept of the spiral motor. The finite‐element method (FEM) analysis certifies that this motor has a motor constant as high as a high density linear motor (HDL). We also study a method to compensate the thrust fluctuation of a 5‐pitch stator 6‐pitch mover model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 21–31, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20841