bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grundtvig i økumenisk perspektiv
Authors: Lodberg Peter
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig in an Ecumenical PerspectiveBy Peter LodbergN.F.S. Grundtvig’s theology has often been perceived as a uniquely Danish phenomenon. This has resulted in a failure to appreciate the ecumenical themes in his theology and has precluded a positive consideration of what impulses his comprehensive work may have added to the ecumenical debate about such issues as practical theology, ecclesiology, and the relationship between Scripture and tradition.The article points out that in order to understand Grundtvig’s church view it is absolutely essential to begin with the Danish version of a classical discussion in ecumenical theology: the relationship between justification and church, christology and ecclesiology, as it manifested itself in the discussion between Grundtvig and H.N. Clausen about the nature of Catholicism and Protestantism.In Kirkens Gienmæle (The Rejoinder of the Church), Grundtvig rejects the attempt by modem Protestantism to establish a fundamental difference between the two versions of the understanding of Christianity in the Western Church as far as the question of the relationship between justification and church is concerned. According to Grundtvig, such an attempt is bound to end in heresy, since it fails to appreciate the actual historical church as the bearer of God’s salvation in the world. Instead Grundtvig emphasizes an ecumenical ecclesiology, starting from a common confession of the Apostles’ Creed, Baptism and Communion, which are the unifying elements of all Christians, regardless of differences in theological dogma. Hence follows that there is no fundamental difference between Catholicism and Protestantism, but a shared basic view as far as the content and celebration of faith is concerned.Thus, what Grundtvig achieves is a theological freedom to remain critical of the transformations undergone by the historical church in its many confessional and national versions through the ages. But at the same time this means that there is a decisive systematic-theological point in emphasizing that Grundtvig always speaks about the Christian Church before he speaks about the confessional or national church. It should be stressed at the same time that the all-Christian church is not invisible or an unattainable ideal, but a historical fact when the congreation is gathered for divine service. Here the Gospel and the Holy Communion is administered to people, so the faith must live in their hearts.Grace is thus inseparable from and dependent on the sacramental presence as it is experienced in the church which is the congregation celebrating divine service. Thus the way has been opened for a positive consideration of Grundtvig’s contributions to ecumenical theology.
Kvartetten Kingo, Brorson, Grundtvig og Ingemann
Authors: Boas Hans Henrik Midtgaard
Published: September 2020

The quartet Kingo, Brorson, Grundtvig and IngemannReviewed by Hans Boas
Grundtvig-litteratur 1945-49. En bibliografisk oversigt
Authors: Steen Johansen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig literature 1945-49. A bibliographical overviewBy Steen Johansen
Hvorfor kom N. F. S. Grundtvig ikke i Viborg Latinskole?
Authors: Paludan-Müller F.
Published: September 2020

Why did N. F. S. Grundtvig not go to the Grammar School in Viborg? By F. Paludan-Miiller. N. F. S. Grundtvig had three elder brothers, who all became clergymen like himself. These brothers were: 1) Otto Grundtvig (1772—1833), who entered the University in 1789 from Herlufsholm boarding-school in South Sjaelland and afterwards was a clergyman on the island of Falster and subsequently in the vicinity of Copenhagen; 2) Jacob Ulrich Hansen Grundtvig (1775—1800), who entered the University from Viborg Grammar School in 1795 and died as a clergyman in the Danish colony on the Guinea Coast; 3) Niels Christian Bang Grundtvig (1777—1803), who also entered the University from Viborg, in 1796, and also died as a clergyman on the Guinea Coast. Both these elder brothers who were nearest in age to N. F. S. Gr. were prepared as private pupils for some years by Pastor L. Feld before they were sent to the Grammar School in Viborg. N. F. S. Grundtvig, too, was taught as a private pupil, from his ninth to his fifteenth year, by Pastor Feld (who at that time was a clergyman at Thyregod in the middle of Jutland). Strangely enough, he was afterwards sent to the Latin School in Aarhus, and not to Viborg as one would naturally have expected. The reason for this may perhaps be found in the behaviour of his elder brothers as students at Viborg Grammar School, for its records show that their careers at the school were not very successful. Jacob was a stubborn character and not a very diligent student. In 1794 he and another boy attacked some of their fellow-pupils during a game of ball, and he was subsequently reprimanded in front of the whole school, and very nearly sent down. But he promised to turn over a new leaf, and remained at the school, which he left in 1795 after doing badly in his final examination. Niels also showed a lack of diligence, and, in consequence of this, was a »private pupil« during his last two years at school, which at that time meant, among other things, that the school took no responsibility for him as a student. However, he did very well in his final examination in 1796. — Presumably it was these circumstances which caused the family to decide to send the youngest brother (N. F. S. Grundtvig) to Aarhus.
»The Bath and the Table, the Prayer and the Word«
Authors: Lathrop Gordon
Published: September 2020

»Ved Badet og Bordet, ved Bønnen og Ordet« N.F.S.Grundtvig og det lutherske bidrag til økumenisk, liturgisk fornyelse.Af Gordon W. LathropForfatteren, der er professor ved det lutherske, teologiske fakultet, Mount Eyrie, Philadelphia, i USA, tager udgangspunkt i bestræbelserne på at skabe liturgisk fornyelse i det 20. århundrede, bestræbelser der har kendetegnet både romersk-katolsk, anglikansk og andre konfessioners teologi. Ud fra dette perspektiv stiller han til overvejelse, hvilket bidrag Grundtvig kan give ind i aktuelle problemstillinger i internationalt perspektiv.Den afgørende erkendelse knytter sig for professor Lathrop at se til Grundtvigs mageløse opdagelse, fordi der her er tale om en forening af to synvinkler, dels indsigten i det, der i egentlig forstand gør gudstjenesten til et møde med det guddommelige, »Ordet og den Nærværelse« det formidler, dels det menighedsfællesskab, der stiftes blandt de mennesker, der modtager Ordet og svarer på det med tak, bøn og lovsang. I Grundtvigs fremhævelse af det sakramentale nærvær, menighedens fællesskab og den impuls for folkelig aktivitet, der hermed sættes fri, ser Lathrop en videreførelse af det fundamentale i reformatorisk teologi, og samtidig en erkendelse, der har den allerstørste nutidige relevans.Gordon Lathrop retter derpå blikket mod de danske grundtvigianere i USA, idet han stiller det spørgsmål, om den nævnte tankegang hos Grundtvig også har fundet nedslag blandt de danske emigranter i USA? Det fremhæves, hvor afgørende det var for grundtvigianerne, der kom til det nye land, at videreføre og omplante skoletraditionen, ligesom de fastholdt traditionen med salmesang og musik. Men hurtigt blev pionerånden fortrængt af en frugtesløs debat om bibelsyn i forhold til en ortodoks fundamentalisme samt i en ikke mindre rigid debat om bevarelsen af dansk sprog og folkelighed under de nye himmelstrøg.I mod disse tendenser ser Gordon Lathrop en frugtbar ansats knyttet til en indskrift, der er fundet på en klokke i en kirke i staten Wisconsin, en kirke med navnet West Denmark Lutheran Church.Teksten lyder:Til badet og bordet Til bønnen og ordetJeg kalder hver søgende sjæl.I en tolkning af de erkendelser, der kan hentes ud fra denne kortfattede tekst, ser Gordon Lathrop muligheder for at kunne formulere nogle af de indsigter, vi kender fra en salme som »Kirken den er et gammelt hus« og fra »Kirkens Gienmæle«.Afsluttende sætter professor Lathrop tolkningen af Grundtvigs gudstjenstelige teologi i forbindelse med nogle af de væsentlige udfordringer, der knyttter sig til den nuværende drøftelse af liturgi ud fra et økumenisk perspektiv.
Om forkyndelse og samfund under enevældens sidste 100 år - herunder: Grundtvig og menneskerettighederne
Authors: Rasmussen Jens
Published: September 2020

About proclamation and society during the absolute monarchy's last 100 years - including: Grudtvig and the human rights
Freiheitliche Rhetorik und totalitäre Tendenzen. Wahre Aufklärung und Dänentum bei Grundtvig
Authors: Harbsmeier Eberhard
Published: September 2020

Frihedsretorik og totalitære tendenser.Sand oplysning og danskhed hos GrundtvigAf Eberhard Harbsmeier
»Efterklang« som tolkningsnøgle
Authors: Pedersen Kim Arne
Published: September 2020

»Reverberation« as interpretation keyBy Kim Arne Pedersen
Odin og Hvide Krist: Om Sune Aukens bog Sagas spejl. Mytologi, historie og kristendom hos N. F. S. Grundtvig, København, 2005
Authors: Lyby Thorkild C.
Published: September 2020

Odin og Hvide Krist: Om Sune Aukens bog Sagas spejl. Mytologi, historie og kristendom hos N. F. S. Grundtvig, København, 2005[Odin and the White Christ: On Sune Auken ’s book Sagas spejl. Mytologi, historie og kristendom hos N. F. S. Grundtvig, Copenhagen, 2005]By Thorkild C. LybyThe article gives a short account of Sune Auken’s published doctoral thesis, Sagas spejl. Mytologi, historie og kristendom hos N. F. S. Grundtvig [Saga’s mirror. Mythology, history and Christianity in N. F. S. Grundtvig] in which he investigates Gr’s preoccupation with Norse mythology and its relationship to history and Christianity. In Auken’s view Norse mythology during the years 1806-10 became something like an actual religion for Gr, a basis for an entire concept of life. As he could not give up traditional Christianity, he was forced to try to harmonise it with Christianity. In this attempt he failed, which was the main reason of his mental breakdown in 1810. After 1815 he did not work theoretically with the myths, but in his poetry they still played an important role. Not until 1832 was a sort of harmony established between his theoretical and his poetic relationship to the myths.Furthermore, the article gives a short account of the public examination on 3 June 2005, when Auken defended his thesis. The contributions of the different opponents at this occasion are mentioned.Finally, the author elaborates his own contribution as the third opponent. Two points are discussed: (a) What did Gr mean by the expression “the image of God”? (b) Is Auken’s view of Norse mythology as an alternative religion justified? Would it not be better to characterize it as “quasi-religious” than to label it “a religion”?
Debatforum: Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?
Authors: Korsgaard Ove
Published: September 2020

DebatforumBy Ove Korsgaard, Kim Arne Pedersen & Anja StokholmIn the Debatforum readers are invited to respond to issues raised, or to raise new issues relative to the field of Grundtvig studies. Items submitted, preferably in the form of an article, may be of any reasonable length and in any of the languages usually accepted by the journal. In the contributions in Grundtvig-Studier 2006, Ove Korsgaard proposes that “The future of the Danish folk high school depends upon a different understanding of its history from that which currently prevails”, Kim Ame Pedersen debates the Danish folk high school’s historical self-identification with the concept of Dannelse [development] as distinct from Uddannelse [education] and Anja Stokholm reflects upon the publication of a new edition of Gmndtvig’s sermons.
Grundtvig-litteratur 2001-2005: En bibliografi
Authors: Jørgensen Aage
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig literature 2001-2005. A bibliographical overviewBy Aage Jørgensen
Det Chinesiske Examens-Væsen
Authors: Bugge K. E.
Published: September 2020

Det “Chinesiske” Examens-Væsen[The “Chinese’’examination system]By K. E. BuggeGrundtvig's assaults on the educational practices of his time include attacks on “the Chinese examination system”. This surprising figure of speech is encountered in the initial sections of the third volume of his World History (1842), in which he deals inter alia with the first European sea-voyages to China in the early 16th century. In this context he describes the ponderous and exaggerated thoroughness in which the Chinese officials “examined” the Portuguese ships on their way to the harbour of Canton. Grundtvig, however, does not reveal any knowledge of the educational systems of China.According to Grundtvig’s footnotes his account is based on a comprehensive Portuguese publication, the Italian translation of which was accessible to him at the Royal Library in Copenhagen. The book is Fernando Lopes di Castagneda, Historia dell’ Indie Orientali (Venezia 1578). In this way we learn that Grundtvig was able to read Italian, a competence that of course was based on his supreme mastery of Latin.
On ‘Grundtvig’s eschatology and its realistic significance: A Chinese view’ - a prefatory commentary
Authors: Allchin Arthur Macdonald
Published: September 2020

On ‘Grundtvig’s eschatology and its realistic significance: A Chinese view’ - a prefatory commentary [Om ‘Grundtvigs eskatologi og dens betydning for et realistisk livssyn: Set i kinesisk perspektiv ’ - en indledende kommentar]Af A. M. AllchinA. M. Allchin har ønsket at fremkomme med en indledende kommentar til artiklen af den kinesiske teolog Wen Ge. Baggrunden er, at Allchin med gl.de har noteret den stigende internationale interesse for Grundtvig. Allerede ved fejringen af 200- årsdagen i 1983 var der talrige vidnesbyrd om voksende interesse for Grundtvig ude i den store verden. Det var dog påfaldende, at ud af de 12 foredrag, der blev holdt ved jubilæumskonferencen dengang, handlede de 11 om skoletankerne, mens kun et enkelt drejede sig om kristendomssynet [ved A. M. Allchin, red.].Siden da har der været stadigt flere udtryk for stigende interesse for alle sider af Grundtvigs tanker, hvilket også er fremg.et af de seneste års udgaver af denne årbog. Blandt disse bidrag har en del været fra Asien, ikke mindst Indien.I lyset af disse opmuntrende tendenser går Allchin opmærksom på det bemærkelsesværdige ved netop det bidrag, som den kinesiske teolog Wen Ge i år har indleveret. For det første er der tale om en udmærket gengivelse af væsentlige momenter i Grundtvigs kristendomssyn med brug af de engelsksprogede tekster, der p.t. forefindes, og med yderligere støtte i et undervisningsmateriale, som Wen Ge fik stillet til rådighed under et studieophold i København for nogle år siden, med Hans R. Iversen som vejleder. I tillæg til denne fremstilling bringer Wen Ge Grundtvigs tanker i samtale med hovedtanker i de seneste års internationale teologiske debat, idet han særligt betoner den genopdagelse af eskatologiens grundlæggende betydning, der har kunnet observeres hos for eksempel Wolfhart Pannenberg og Jorgen Moltmann.Hvor prisværdig denne bestræbelse end er, s. er det mest betydningsfulde i Wen Ge’s afhandling dog hans analyse af Grundtvigs betoning af en spændingsbue rækkende fra skaberværket (det store “Skaber-Bliv”) til håbet om en fuldendelse, vel at mærke for hele skaberværket. I kinesisk sammenh.ng har dette universalhistoriske og skabelsesbekræftende syn den største relevans, ikke mindst i betragtning af at forfædre kulten er et fremtrædende træk ved kinesisk religiøsitet, samtidig med at kinesisk kristendomsforståelse i store træk har været bestemt af en spiritualisterne tendens, med betoning af sjælens udødelighed på bekostning af legemet og den skabte natur.
Debatforum: Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?
Authors: Korsgaard Ove
Published: September 2020

Debatforum[Forum for debate]In the Forum for debate, readers are invited to respond to issues raised, or to raise new issues relative to the field of Grundtvig studies. Items submitted, preferably in the form of an article, may be of any reasonable length and in any of the languages usually accepted by the journal. Contributions in Grundtvig-Studier 2007 are written by Ove Korsgaard and P.l Bødtker Walstad.Unfortunately, due to a mistake during the editing of Professor, dr. p.d. Ove Korsgaard’s contribution “Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?” in Grundtvig-Studier 2006, certain sections were misplaced. As this may have caused confusion to the readers, we are reprinting the contribution in its original form. The editors of Grundtvig-Studier 2006 would like to apologise for the misprint. Debatforum: Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?[Forum for debate: How do we recall the history of the Danish folk highschool?]By Ove KorsgaardIt is a well-recognised phenomenon in the process of historical recall that both deliberate manipulation and less conscious selectivity of what is remembered and what forgotten may distort the true record of events, even though the distorted record may then become the basis upon which the present generation shapes its prospect of the future. A close reexamination of the historical and constantly evolving struggle between competing ideals in the folk-highschools from Grundtvig’s day onwards reveals that unhistorical notions of pure and miscegenated educational models have established themselves. This distortion of the true history of the evolution of these schools may now be obstructing the clear-headed and pragmatic reassessment of its future that the folk-highschool movement is currently having to confront.
Nogle grundbegreber i Grundtvigs pædagogiske tanker
Authors: Bugge K. E.
Published: September 2020

Nogle grundbegreber i Grundtvigs pædagogiske tanker[Some basic concepts in the educational thinking of Grundtvig]By K. E. BuggeThe subject of this contribution is the study of basic concepts in Grundtvig's educational thinking. After discussion of the methodological approach, attention is focused on two basic concepts, life and light. Finally, the importance of Grundtvig's negative and “invisible” concepts is emphasised. “Invisible” concepts are those which are not expressly mentioned in the text, but which nevertheless through a meticulous study of his unprinted drafts are seen to have been present in his deliberations.
N. F. S. Grundtvigs breve til hans hustru under Englandsrejsen 1843
Authors: Fabricius Jørgen
Published: September 2020

N. F. S. Grundtvig s Letters to his Wife during his Visit to England in 1843. By Jørgen Fabricius. Immediately after Whitsun, 1843, Grundtvig, together with his son Svenn, set forth on his fourth and last journey to England, for which he had been granted a travel bursary by the King through Queen Caroline Amalie. While on his former visits (1829—31) the study of the old Anglo-Saxon manuscripts had been Grundtvig’s chief aim, his principal interest in 1843 was to obtain a first-hand impression of the state of things in the Church in England at the time, and, besides, he hoped to find in England a fruitful soil for his own theories about the Church and thereby to help to lead the Oxford Movement away from a line of development which he thought would inevitably lead its adherents over to Catholicism. Until now, information about Grundtvig’s own experiences and impressions during this visit could be found only in his letters to Queen Caroline Amalie, and his letters to his wife were not generally known until these were recently discovered in private ownership and have now been published here. Unfortunately these letters give only comparatively scanty information about the actual content of the conversations which Grundtvig had with the various English and Scottish theologians, including Pusey, Newman and Chal97 mers; but they make up for that by giving numerous details of the names of people whom Grundtvig met during his trip, and an account, sometimes almost in diary form, of the course of the trip itself, which may be summarised as follows: June 7th. Departure from Copenhagen. June 12th. Arrival in London, where Grundtvig’s friend, Mr. Nugent Wade, had made arrangements for his visit. June 19th to 29th. Grundtvig’s first stay in Oxford, where he was also accompanied by Wade and had several conversations with Pusey and Newman, among others. June 29th to July 24th. In London again, where Grundtvig spent a good deal of time studying in the Library of the British Museum and was also occupied in visiting various people, including some whose acquaintance he had made on his previous trips to England. On July 24th Grundtvig with Svenn and Wade travelled once more to Oxford, where he again had many conversations, especially with the younger adherents of the Oxford Movement. On July 31st the party left Oxford and, after travelling through Westmoreland and Cumberland as tourists, arrived in Edinburgh on August 6th. Here Grundtvig had one conversation with Chalmers, but when Wade became ill they started on their return journey to London as early as August 10th and arrived there on the 14th. After a fairly long stay in London, during which he made preparations for his journey home which included extensive purchases of books, Grundtvig and his son left England on Sept. 1st and were back in Copenhagen on Sept. 7th, the day before Grundtvig’s 60th birthday.
Jette Holm og Elisabeth A. Glenthøj i samarbejde med Christian Thodberg, N. F. S. Grundtvig: Prædikener i Vartov 1842-45
Authors: Iversen Hans Raun
Published: September 2020

Jette Holm og Elisabeth A. Glenthøj i in coporation with Christian Thodberg, N. F. S. Grundtvig: Sermons in Vartov 1842-45Reviewed by Hans Raun Iversen
Forfatteroversigt. Navne og kontaktoplysninger om bidragydere
Authors: Overgaard Ulrik , Bradley S. A. J. , Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming
Published: September 2020

List of authors' adresses
Om Grundtvigs udviklingslære - og noget om Darwins
Authors: Korsgaard Ove
Published: September 2020

Om Grundtvigs udviklingslære - og noget om Darwins[About Grundtvig ’s theory of evolution - and something about Darwin ’s]By Ove KorsgaardThe idea expressed in the Danish word “udvikling” (meaning both ‘development’ and ‘evolution’) forms a principal category in the works of, respectively, Grundtvig and Darwin. However, while Darwin studied nature, Grundtvig was primarily preoccupied with history. Grundtvig’s two-front war against materialism and idealism is reflected in a great part of his writings. As far as nature is concerned, he was looking for a third position offering a different stance compared to the trends dominating in contemporary theology and natural science. Departing from his essay “On Man’s Condition in the World” from 1817, Grundtvig started to sketch a theory of evolution based upon a model of nature depicted as a ladder with each step representing a particular quality. Mineral kingdom stands for form, vegetable kingdom additionally for life, animal kingdom supplements with consciousness and, finally, human beings with self-consciousness. According to Grundtvig, it is the interaction between “hand and mouth” - from the grip of the hand to an understanding expressed in language - that is the most important motivating drive in the development of self-consciousness. In an epilogue, the author refers to natural scientist Jesper Hoffmeyer, who questions whether Darwin in his works on evolutionism did offer an exhaustive explanation of evolution. Hoffmeyer himself refuses to choose between believing in a conception of nature in which an intelligent being cannot possibly feel at home and believing that man becomes a living soul by receiving the breath of God.
Grundtvigs betydning for samfundet
Authors: Fabricius Møller Jes
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig’s Impact on SocietyThis article revisits the assumption commonly made in literature aboutthe significance of N.F.S. Grundtvig to Danish society, that his importancehardly can be overrated. In a re-evaluation of his influence 1) onthe Danish welfare state, 2) on the first folk high schools, and 3) on theDanish constitution of 1849, the study comes to the following mainlynegative conclusions: 1) While he is credited for intitiating the Danishwelfare state model, in fact, he did not want poor relief to be financed by ageneral tax. Grundtvig is often quoted as saying that there are “a few havingtoo much, and fewer too little.” This statement is often misinterpretedto mean that Grundtvig desired a matrix for general state driven egalitarianredistribution of funds. The opposite is true. 2) While he is called thecreator of the folk high school, the fact is that the first advanced school forpeasants in the Oldenburg Monarchy was erected in Rendsburg in 1842.It sparked the initiative to establish a similar school for Danes in Rødding(established 1844), which was only indirectly inspired by Grundtvig. In1856 a public donation celebrating his 70th birthday three years earlierenabled Grundtvig to open a folk high school in his own name. However,he did not have much to do with it. The ties between the folk high schoolmovement and Grundtvig did not grow stronger until the 1860’s. 3) Andfinally, regarding Grundtvig’s role in the creation of the 1849 constitution,Grundtvig favoured freedom of speech and belief. It has been arguedthat liberalism in general and John Locke in particular inspired him. AndGrundtvig has been canonized as one of the fathers of Danish democracyand as a champion of freedom in general. In fact, however, he spoke outin favour of absolutism as late as 1850. If Grundtvig is to be interpretedas a contender of natural law, the possible inspiration from Thomas Hobbesmust be taken into consideration. Having undeniably strong traits ofliberalism in his political portfolio, the elements of conservatism cannotbe ignored
Grundtvigs gudstjenestesyn liturgisk
Authors: Rønkilde Jette Bendixen
Published: September 2020

A Liturgical Theological Re-reading of Grundtvig’s View on WorshipThrough a description of well-known works by Grundtvig, the article examineshow Grundtvig’s view on worship can be said to form an independentliturgical theological position, which the author characterizes asa theory of communication of worship. The examination takes the Anglo-American theory of worship, Liturgical Theology, as its starting point.Then, Grundtvig’s view on worship is reinterpreted against main currentsand main issues of contemporary Liturgical Theology. The article demonstrateshow structures in the works of Grundtvig and in liturgical theologyparallel each other, an observation that frames Grundtvig as a protoliturgical theologian. Grundtvig’s specific liturgical theological positionis firmly rooted in a trinitarian understanding of worship as a meetingplace between God and human beings and the experience of worship asintrinsically bound to aesthetic experience. Grundtvig’s view of worshipcan therefore be deemed to be in keeping with an aesthetic Trinitarianview that significantly emphasizes the third article of faith in the patristicsymbols and the practice of the assembly.
Anmeldelse
Authors: Busbee Mark Bradshaw
Published: September 2020

Two New Translations of Grundtvig
Breve til Marie Toft fra 1840'erne
Authors: Holm Jette
Published: September 2020

Letters to Marie Toft from the 1840esLetters exchanged between Grundtvig and Marie Toft, his second wife,have been destroyed, except for one letter that Toft wrote to Grundtvig in1847 and an unfinished, unsent one he wrote to her in 1848. Grundtvig’sletter is transcribed here together with seven others to Marie Toft, fromP.A. Fenger, J.F. Fenger and J.G. Willemoes, which collectively shed lighton Marie Toft’s thinking in the early 1840s, when a religious revival wastaking place in Western Zealand. The letters show Toft becoming involvedin the movement and, later, increasingly attracted to Grundtvig andhis theology.
Grundtvigs Brorson
Authors: Auken Sune , Damsgaard Johan
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig’s BrorsonThe article analyzes Grundtvig’s relationship to Brorson’s hymns. It consistsof three parts. The first presents Grundtvig’s limited prose writingsabout Brorson; the second describes what Grundtvig’s versions of Brorson’shymns look like and presents examples of how (and, to an extent,why) Grundtvig makes changes in what Brorson wrote; and the thirdpart analyses Grundtvig’s seven different versions of Brorson’s hymn “Denyndigste rose er funden” [The lovliest rose has been found]. The articleconcludes with some final reflections on Grundtvig’s practice of revisingBrorson’s hymns. It places these revisions in their generic context, comparesthem with Grundtvig’s overall practices as a reviser of hymns, andcautiously points towards their respective roles in later Danish church life.Three accompanying appendixes overview Grundtvig’s rewritings of Brorson’stexts.
Kirkekamp i en nybrudstid
Authors: Møller Jes Fabricius
Published: September 2020

Mikkel Crone Nielsen: Om kirkekamp i en nybrudstid – Vilhelm Birkedal, Torkild Skat Rørdam og Nazarethkirken i Ryslinge. Udgivet af Fællesudvalget ved Nazarethkirken, 192 sider, 199 kr.
Grundtvig’s Concept of Learning for Life:
Authors: Bhattacharya Asoke
Published: September 2020

On February 17-19, 2017, Kalyani University of West Bengal, India, hosteda two-day international conference on lifelong learning.
Reconstructing the past and the poet: Grundtvig and the Anglo-Saxon Phoenix
Authors: Jørgensen Lea Grosen
Published: September 2020

In 1840, Grundtvig produced a Danish translation of the Anglo-Saxon poemThe Phoenix that reflects some of his ideas concerning history, language, andAnglo-Saxon poetry.
Voices from “Lands of the Living”
Authors: Busbee Mark Bradshaw
Published: September 2020

Summaries and Conclusions from the 2018Symposium on the International Influenceof N.F.S. Grundtvig
Om Grundtvig-bibliografiens tilblivelse
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

How the Grundtvig Bibliography Came Into Existence. By Steen Johansen. In 1948—54 a “Bibliography of the Writings of N. F. S. Grundtvig”, compiled by Steen Johansen, M. A., was published in four volumes. In March, 1954, Steen Johansen gave a lecture to the Grundtvig-Society about the way in which this work came into existence, and his lecture is reproduced here in a slightly altered form. The introduction refers to the great usefulness of bibliographies and their importance for the right understanding of poets and authors, but at the same time it stresses the point that bibliographical works, in spite of the apparently objective material which forms their basis, can be fashioned in just as subjective a way as all other products of the intellect. Work on the Grundtvig Bibliography began in 1939, and in the period between 1939 and 1942 two persons were successively engaged in it, but before long these were taken up with other work. After an interregnum of two years the work was continued and completed by the afore-mentioned Steen Johansen. An account is given of the state in which Steen Johansen found the material already collected, and the reasons why it was necessary to begin all over again on a new and wider basis. Detailed information is given about the sources of the bibliography, including the so called Thorkelin collection of Grundtvig’s writings in the Royal Library at Copenhagen, single printings of poems, editions, the study of newspapers and periodicals, etc., etc.. Then there follows a discussion of the difficulties involved in the work of compiling Grundtvig’s literary productions, since these are dispersed in a exceptionally large number og editions, and the task is made more complicated from the bibliographical point of view by reason of the many revisions of his songs and hymns which were undertaken by Grundtvig himself. There is also a great mass of Grundtvig’s Mss. which were left unpublished at his death, and fragments of which have unceasingly been published since that time by students of his work. These publications, too, must naturally be registered in the bibliography. — Certain very rare books written by Grundtvig are mentioned, and attention is called to the great difficulty of providing in our day a complete collection of everything published by Grundtvig. Finally, there is a discussion of the potential value of the Grundtvig Bibliography from the point of view of research, and also of what it can teach us about Grundtvig himself. His immoderately restless literary vitality must have been ruled by an exceptionally strong will. This can be seen in everything he wrote.
Grundtvig-litteratur 1952. En bibliografisk oversigt
Authors: Johansen Steen
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig literature 1952. A bibliographical overviewBy Steen Johansen
To optegnelser af Grundtvig fra kriseaaret 1810. Meddelte med noter og efterskrift
Authors: Michelsen William
Published: September 2020

Two records of Grundtvig from the crisis year 1810. Announced with notes and epilogue
The Economy of Property and Prosperity in Daniel of the Old English Junius Manuscript: A View on the Poem’s Syncretism
Authors: Olesiejko Jacek
Published: September 2020

The heroic economy of treasure subtends both the treasure plundered from the temple in Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar and the political structure of Babylon in the Old English Daniel. The golden idol that Nebuchadnezzar erects is a sign of the worldly glory and wealth that generates the flow of goods in the heroic economy of exchange of honour. The aim of the paper is to argue that the Daniel poet makes a contrast between the secular flow of treasure, at the foundation of Nebuchadnezzar’s power, and the divine economy of grace, at the centre of the covenant between the Hebrews and God.
Palatalization as a Non-uniform Phonological Process: A Diachronic Analysis
Authors: Kocel-Duraj Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to analyse a non-uniform process of palatalization in the Mid- dle English Northern dialect, with the main focus on the range of operation of the pro- cess, its conditioning environment and the direction of the change in the four lemmas: EACH, MUCH, SUCH, and WHICH. The fact that palatalization was an active process in the North has been proved by 47% of the Northern texts from the Innsbruck Cor- pus of Middle English Prose, which have demonstrated cases of palatalization in the forms of the lemmas. Referring to the studies of a perceptually motivated sound change and observing certain correlations between the palatalization processes occurring now and in the past, one may infer that the scope of palatalization in the North might have been even wider.
A new tiny toad species ofAmazophrynella(Anura: Bufonidae) from east of the Guiana Shield in Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Mângia Sarah , Koroiva Ricardo , Santana Diego José
Published: September 2020

The combination of different approaches has successfully delimited new species within many Neotropical species complexes traditionally classified as a single nominal organism. Recent studies have shown that the Amazonian endemic genusAmazophrynella, currently composed of 12 small-sized species, could harbor several additional species. Based on morphology and molecular data, we describe a new species ofAmazophrynellafrom east of the Guiana Shield, in Pará state, Brazil. The new species is characterized by having one of the biggest size of the genus (SVL of males 16.0–17.8 mm and females 22.9–24.4 mm), presence of a large palmar tubercle (occupying 2/4 of the palmar surface), 5.6–8.1% uncorrectedp-distance from its sister clade (includingA. teko,A.sp.1, andA. manaos) for the 16S mitochondrial gene, and 8.8% for the COI. The new species described here represents a newly discovered lineage. Of the 12Amazophrynellaspecies currently recognized, two were describe in the last century (A. bokermanniandA. minuta) and the remaining species were recently discovered and described (in the last six years), which underscores the degree to which species richness ofAmazophrynellais underestimated.
Genetic variation and selection in the major histocompatibility complex Class II gene in the Guizhou pony
Authors: Liu Chang , Lei Hongmei , Ran Xueqin , Wang Jiafu
Published: September 2020

The Guizhou pony (GZP) is an indigenous species of equid found in the mountains of the Guizhou province in southwest China. We selected four regions of the equine leukocyte antigen (ELA), includingDQA,DRA,DQB,andDRB,and used them to assess the diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene using direct sequencing technology.DRAhad the lowestdN/dSratio (0.560) compared with the other three loci, indicating thatDRAwas conserved and could be conserved after undergoing selective processes. NineDQA, fiveDQB, nineDRA,and sevenDRBcodons were under significant positive selection at the antigen binding sites (ABS), suggesting that the selected residues in ABS may play a significant role in the innate immune system of the GZP. Two GZP alleles were shared with Przewalski’s horse, and six older GZP haplotypes had a better relationship with other horse species by one or two mutational steps, indicating that the GZP may be a natural ancient variety of equid. The specific diversity of ABS and the numbers of unique haplotypes in the evolutionary process affords this species a better genetic fitness and ability to adapt to the native environment.
Изотопный состав железа VLT-базальта с «Луны-24» и происхождение Луны, "Природа"
Authors: Галимов Эрик Михаилович
Published: September 2020

Модель образования системы Земля-Луна путем сжатия и фрагментации газопылевого облака предполагает радикально отличное от принятого формирование железного ядра нашей планеты. Его особенность, помимо прочего, состоит в том, что в ядре должен накапливаться легкий изотоп железа (Fe). Но из модели мегаимпакта и из существующих представлений о механизме образования ядра подобное явление не следует. Установление фактического изотопного состава ядра может стать критерием правильности той или иной модели. Непосредственно вещество ядра недоступно для исследования, но к решению задачи можно подойти, изучая вещество Луны. Земля имеет массивное ядро, составляющее 32% ее массы, а Луна - лишь небольшое. И если ядро Земли будет обогащено легким изотопом железа, то это заметно скажется на изотопном составе мантии в сторону обогащения ее тяжелым изотопом (Fe). В то же время изотопный состав железа силикатной части Луны почти не будет отличаться от исходного. Иначе говоря, признаком обогащения земного ядра легким изотопом стало бы обогащение пород земной мантии тяжелым изотопом по сравнению с мантией Луны. Наиболее достоверно отражает изотопный состав железа лунной мантии изотопный состав железа очень низкотитанистых (VLT) лунных базальтов. Они аналогичны земным базальтам срединно-океанических хребтов (MORB). Лунные VLT-базальты вследствие глубинного залегания мало распространены на поверхности. Они редки в коллекции образцов, собранной американскими астронавтами экспедиций «Аполлон». Изотопный состав железа в них до сих пор не изучался. Мы совместно с японскими коллегами впервые исследовали изотопный состав железа VLT-базальтов, доставленных советским космическим аппаратом «Луна-24». Из полученных данных следует, что содержание изотопа Fe в мантии Земли выше, чем в лунной. А это свидетельствует об обогащении ядра Земли изотопом Fe, что, в свою очередь, согласуется с моделью формирования системы Земля-Луна путем фрагментации газопылевого облака.
Особенности биооптической и гидрологической структуры вод северной части Чёрного моря в осенний период 2016 г, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Латушкин А. А. , Артамонов Ю.В. , Ли Р. И. , Сысоев А.А. , Сысоева И.В. , Федирко А.В. , Мартынов О. В.
Published: September 2020

В настоящей работе рассмотрены результаты гидрологических, гидрооптических и гидробиологических исследований, выполненных в фотической зоне северной части Чёрного моря в октябре 2016 г. Выявлены основные особенности формирования биооптической структуры и ее связь с гидрологическим режимом. Показано, что в зоне Севастопольского и Феодосийского антициклонов, параллельно с заглублением верхнего квазиоднородного слоя, отмечается и заглубление слоя максимальных значений концентрации общего взвешенного вещества. В южной части съемки, ближе к центру основного циклонического круговорота Чёрного моря, где глубина нижней границы верхнего квазиоднородного слоя минимальна, отмечается подъем слоя максимума концентрации общего взвешенного вещества. Установлено, что в октябре 2016 г. отмечалась аномально высокая прозрачность вод с малым диапазоном пространственной изменчивости. Показано, что в этот период наблюдались заметно более низкие связи между вертикальными распределениями концентрации общего взвешенного вещества и температурой, соленостью и плотностью по сравнению с летним периодом 2016 г. В пробах воды идентифицированы микроводоросли девяти отделов, типичных для данного сезона. Выявлено, что величины метаболически активной биомассы микропланктона в открытой части моря соответствовали значениям, характерным для олиго-мезотрофных вод, в то время как в прибрежье Крыма они были близки к эвтрофным характеристикам. Стадия продукционно-деструкционной сукцессии микропланктона - развивающаяся, с прогнозом на рост биомассы в последующем.
The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal System in Men with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Annayev B. H. , Jiao Fuyong , Zhang Sheng , Wang Linna
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This Research was to study the functional state of the hypothalamic-pituitary gland-gonadal system in males with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), as well as the effect of hormonal correction of the revealed disorders on factors of pathogenesis and the course of IHD.

Materials and Methods: We examined 120 males with IHD of different severity of disease, aged 20-50 years and 34 healthy males of the same age with normal body weight and with uncompromised history for diseases of the endocrine system. Among those surveyed were not included alcoholou anabolizant steroids abusers with severe somatic and inflammatory diseases of the genital organs (prostatitis, urethritis, orchitis). The body weight of patients fluctuated within ± 10% of the ideal. At the time of the examination, all the patients were married, 2 were divorced, and all had children.

Depending on the age, the examinees were divided into 2 groups: the first - 44 patients in the age of 20-35 years, the second - 76 patients 36-50 years old.

The patient was examined in Ashgabat city, Hospital with the Scientific- clinical Center of Cardiology (Turkmenistan).

Results: In the I age group, 8 patients had post infarction cardiosclerosis, in which there was a slight decrease in sexual activity, in others - angina pectoris of different functional classes (there was no violation of sexual activity).

The average content of Т in the fasting serum of males with IHD of  I group was significantly lowered, were noted a statistically unreliable tendency to increase of FSH and a statistically significant increase in the LH/T ratio. The mean levels of LH, PRL and E2 did not differ from the corresponding indices in healthy individuals.

Conclusion: Patients with IHD have decreased testosterone secretion, especially at a young age.
Cationic amphiphilic drugs as potential anticancer therapy for bladder cancer
Authors: van der Horst Geertje , van de Merbel Arjanneke F. , Ruigrok Eline , van der Mark Maaike H. , Ploeg Emily , Appelman Laura , Tvingsholm Siri , Jäätelä Marja , van Uhm Janneke , Kruithof‐de Julio Marianna , Thalmann George N. , Pelger Rob C. M. , Bangma Chris H. , Boormans Joost L. , van der Pluijm Gabri , Zwarthoff Ellen C.
Published: September 2020

More effective therapy for patients with either muscle‐invasive or high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is an unmet clinical need. For this, drug repositioning of clinically approved drugs represents an interesting approach. By repurposing existing drugs, alternative anticancer therapies can be introduced in the clinic relatively fast, because the safety and dosing of these clinically approved pharmacological agents are generally well known. Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) dose‐dependently decreased the viability of a panel of human UCB lines in vitro. CADs induced lysosomal puncta formation, a hallmark of lysosomal leakage. Intravesical instillation of the CAD penfluridol in an orthotopic mouse xenograft model of human UCB resulted in significantly reduced intravesical tumor growth and metastatic progression. Furthermore, treatment of patient‐derived ex vivo cultured human UCB tissue caused significant partial or complete antitumor responses in 97% of the explanted tumor tissues. In conclusion, penfluridol represents a promising treatment option for bladder cancer patients and warrants further clinical evaluation.
MiR‐17‐3p inhibits osteoblast differentiation by downregulating Sox6 expression
Authors: Chen Nan , Wu Di , Li Hua , Liu Yi , Yang Hao
Published: September 2020

Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are orthopedic disorders that affect millions of elderly people worldwide; stimulation of bone formation is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these conditions. As the only bone‐forming cells, osteoblasts play a key role in bone reconstruction. The microRNA miR‐17‐3p is downregulated during osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, but its precise role in this process is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐17‐3p in osteoblast differentiation. An in vitro model of osteogenesis was established by treating MC3T3‐E1 murine preosteoblast cells with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). The expression of miR‐17‐3p in BMP2‐induced MC3T3‐E1 cells was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR, and its effects on cells transfected with miR‐17‐3p mimic or inhibitor were evaluated by Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and by detection of osteoblast markers including the ALP, collagen type I α1 chain, and osteopontin genes. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to identify putative target genes of miR‐17‐3p, and the luciferase reporter assay was used for functional validation. Rescue experiments were performed to determine whether SRY‐box transcription factor 6 (Sox6) plays a role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation by miR‐17‐3p. We report that miR‐17‐3p was downregulated upon BMP2‐induced osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells, and this was accompanied by decreased differentiation and mineralization, ALP activity, and expression of osteogenesis‐related genes. Sox6 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR‐17‐3p in osteoblasts, and the inhibitory effect of miR‐17‐3p on osteoblast differentiation was observed to occur via Sox6. These results suggest the existence of a novel mechanism underlying miRNA‐mediated regulation of osteogenesis, which has potential implications for the treatment of orthopedic disorders.
Hazelden Betty Ford CEO to retire in 2021, reflects on mainstreaming
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: September 2020

Having shepherded the transformation of the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation from traditional residential treatment facility to outpatient‐dominant presence, President and CEO Mark G. Mishek will retire next summer in the year he reaches age 70.