bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Women Attack: Candidate Reliance on Feminine and Masculine Traits in Campaign Negativity
Authors: Bauer Nichole M. , Hewitt Caley , Labbe Pamela
Published: July 2023

We develop a framework to identify how women use negative messages in political campaigns. We argue that women will be more likely to use contrast negativity, messages that include a negative message against an opponent and a positive message about the candidate sponsoring the ad, rather than attack negativity, messages that only criticize an opponent. We also identify how feminine and masculine traits emerge in negativity—a strategy we call gendered trait negativity. We analyze gendered trait negativity in television ads from the Wesleyan Media Project (WMP) for House, Senate, and gubernatorial races from 2010 to 2018. Using logistic regression models, we find that women use contrast messages more than attack messages when running against a man. Second, we find that women are more likely to highlight feminine traits over masculine traits in negative messages when their opponent is a man relative to when their opponent is a woman.
Coopetition outside the market economy: Oxfordshire’s community food initiatives as a case study
Authors: Burnett Emma
Published: July 2023

Organisations often engage simultaneously in cooperation and competition. This has been termed coopetition. Previous research has treated coopetition as a feature of the market economy, situating the research primarily in the corporate and management literature. This paper provides an alternative snapshot of coopetition in a non-market economy – within Community Food Initiatives (CFIs) – and explores its impact on the community’s resilience. Although externally, CFIs may appear entirely cooperative, data collected between 2019 and 2021 in Oxfordshire shows simultaneous cooperation and competition across a network of CFI actors. Applying the concept of coopetition to non-market economies extends our current knowledge and illuminates how the interplay between competition and cooperation informs decisions and relationships. This paper explores the role of coopetition between CFIs in relation to the community’s resilience, or the ability of communities to adapt and maintain functionality during environmental, economic, social, or political challenges. It re-visualises Bengtsson and Kock's (2000) framework on coopetative typologies, creating a framework for dynamic coopetative relationships between CFI actors. It then outlines six 'insights' – the results of the work – and adds detail to the typology framework. It finds that, while competitive firms may consider equal relationships to be resilient, CFIs' ‘comfort zone’ is between cooperative-dominant and equal relationships, and that extremes in either direction can negatively impact CFI resilience if they are prolonged. It also highlights potential strategies for practitioners and supporters to improve CFI resilience, and suggests extending research to other non-market economy sectors to continue fleshing out coopetition research.
A rapid umbrella review of the literature surrounding the provision of patient-centred end-of-life care
Authors: Hatzikiriakidis Kostas , Ayton Darshini , Skouteris Helen , Patitsas Luke , Smith Kelsay , Dhulia Anjali , Poon Peter
Published: July 2023

Background:

Patients have reported a broad range of unmet needs in their receipt of clinical care at the end of life. Therefore, enhancing the quality of end-of-life care through patient-centred healthcare interactions is warranted.

Aim:

The aim of this rapid umbrella review was to synthesise previous literature reviews that have examined: (1) patient preferences for patient-centred end-of-life care; (2) barriers and enablers to patient-centred end-of-life care; (3) interventions designed to enhance patient-centred end-of-life care; and (4) patient-centred models of end-of-life care.

Design:

A rapid umbrella review was conducted and informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodological guidance for conducting umbrella reviews.

Data sources:

Three academic databases were searched for relevant literature in May 2022: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus. Inclusion criteria encompassed literature reviews that examined the topic of patient-centred care for any adult patients in end-of-life care.

Results:

A total of 92 literature reviews were identified. Findings suggest that there is often a discrepancy between patient preferences and the provision of care. These discrepancies have been associated with a range of barriers at the patient, staff and system levels. Common interventions included education and training for staff which were often met with improved patient outcomes. Patient-centred models of care were underrepresented across the literature.

Conclusions:

This review highlighted a need for healthcare systems to support staff in providing a patient-centred end of life experience through the development of a co-designed patient-centred model of care, supplemented by professional development and a systematic approach to identifying and documenting patient preferences.
Survival Extrapolation Incorporating General Population Mortality Using Excess Hazard and Cure Models: A Tutorial
Authors: Sweeting Michael J. , Rutherford Mark J. , Jackson Dan , Lee Sangyu , Latimer Nicholas R. , Hettle Robert , Lambert Paul C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Different parametric survival models can lead to widely discordant extrapolations and decision uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analyses. The use of excess hazard (EH) methods, which incorporate general population mortality data, has the potential to reduce model uncertainty. This review highlights key practical considerations of EH methods for estimating long-term survival.

Methods

Demonstration of methods used a case study of 686 patients from the German Breast Cancer Study Group, followed for a maximum of 7.3 y and divided into low (1/2) and high (3) grade cancers. Seven standard parametric survival models were fit to each group separately. The same 7 distributions were then used in an EH framework, which incorporated general population mortality rates, and fitted both with and without a cure parameter. Survival extrapolations, restricted mean survival time (RMST), and difference in RMST between high and low grades were compared up to 30 years along with Akaike information criterion goodness-of-fit and cure fraction estimates. The sensitivity of the EH models to lifetable misspecification was investigated.

Results

In our case study, variability in survival extrapolations was extensive across the standard models, with 30-y RMST ranging from 7.5 to 14.3 y. Incorporation of general population mortality rates using EH cure methods substantially reduced model uncertainty, whereas EH models without cure had less of an effect. Long-term treatment effects approached the null for most models but at varying rates. Lifetable misspecification had minimal effect on RMST differences.

Conclusions

EH methods may be useful for survival extrapolation, and in cancer, EHs may decrease over time and be easier to extrapolate than all-cause hazards. EH cure models may be helpful when cure is plausible and likely to result in less extrapolation variability.

Highlights

In health economic modeling, to help anchor long-term survival extrapolation, it has been recommended that survival models incorporate background mortality rates using excess hazard (EH) methods. We present a thorough description of EH methods with and without the assumption of cure and demonstrate user-friendly software to aid researchers wishing to use these methods. EH models are applied to a case study, and we demonstrate that EHs are easier to extrapolate and that the use of the EH cure model, when cure is plausible, can reduce extrapolation variability. EH methods are relatively robust to lifetable misspecification.
Respite care from the child’s perspective – The Support Family Intervention in Finland
Authors: Svenlin Anu-Riina , Lehto-Lundén Tiina
Published: July 2023

This article presents a synthesis of two PhD studies of Support Family Intervention (SFI) in Finland. This is a service in which volunteer families provide support and respite care to children and parents who are coping with a range of psycho-social challenges by looking after the children for one weekend a month. The aim of this article is to develop a child-centred programme theory (CCPT) of SFI that combines a meta-ethnography-based theory underpinning the use of SFI with evidence of participating children’s lived experiences. The CCPT that emerged is grounded on three elaborations of the programme theory currently informing SFI: a more nuanced description of the child as a stakeholder in the intervention, an investigation into the supportive properties of the environment and the activities provided by the support family to the child and clarification of the function of relationships as a central element of the intervention.
The Moral Affordances of Construing People as Cases: How Algorithms and the Data They Depend on Obscure Narrative and Noncomparative Justice
Authors: Kiviat Barbara
Published: July 2023

Like many modes of rationalized governance, algorithms depend on rendering people as cases: discrete entities defined by regularized, atemporal attributes. This enables the computation behind the behavioral predictions organizations increasingly use to allocate benefits and burdens. Yet it elides another foundational way of understanding people: as actors in the unfolding narratives of their lives. This has epistemic implications because each cultural form entails a distinct information infrastructure. In this article, I argue that construing people as cases carries consequences for moral reasoning as well because different moral standards require different information. While rendering people as cases affords adjudications of comparative justice, parsing noncomparative justice often necessitates narrative. This explains why people frequently reach for stories that sit beyond the representations of individuals found in records and databases. With this argument, I contribute to the sociology of categorization/classification and draw broader conclusions about modern systems of bureaucratic, computational, and quantitative governance.
Lateral ankle instability – repair/ reconstruct what’s new
Authors: Puri Arvind
Published: July 2023

Lateral ankle instability is a common condition which responds well to non-surgical management. However, the chronic symptomatic instability may require surgical intervention. The acceptable and practiced procedure is the Brostom Gould modification and it has a high patient satisfaction score. However, the current understanding and newer techniques for stabilising the lateral ligament complex has resulted in arthroscopic repairs, augmentation and tendon graft reconstructions. The literature does not provide an answer to the efficacy of these new techniques but there is some preliminary information favouring some of the latest procedures. It is now accepted practise to include ankle arthroscopy as a pre repair step. Augmentation of anatomical repair is also favoured in a select group of patients. This article provides an up to date account of the newer techniques for lateral ankle stabilisation.
Impact of imperfectness on the love-type wave propagation in a viscoelastic composite structure with couple stress
Authors: Kundu Santimoy , Kumar Dharmendra , Rajak Bhanu P , Gupta Shishir
Published: July 2023

The present paper is intended to frame-out the analytical approach to study the transference of Love-type waves in a viscoelastic sandy layer sandwiched between a size-dependent consistent couple stress to take care of earth’s interior microstructural nature and an orthotropic viscoelastic half-space. An additional parameter termed as characteristic length which is used to investigate the internal microstructural structure of the earth’s interior, which provides us the deeper insights of the analysis of wave propagation aspects. With the help of analytical variable separable technique, the closed version of dispersion equation for the Love-type waves has been derived. The impacts of different material parameters like characteristic length ( l), sandy parameter [Formula: see text], viscoelastic parameters ( F1, F2, F3), thickness ratio ( H3), and imperfectness parameter ( σ1, σ2) which are involved in this study are encapsulated by means of graphs on the phase velocity of Love-type waves. Finally, the obtained result is well match up with the classical Love wave equation. This approach of employing micro continuum theories to analyze seismic waves can bring some useful adjustments to previously established facts about seismic waves, as well as improve the applications of micro continuum theories in the field of seismology.
Addendum to “A formulation of volumetric growth as a mechanical problem subjected to non-holonomic and rheonomic constraint”
Authors: Grillo Alfio , Di Stefano Salvatore
Published: July 2023

In this work, we critically review some aspects of our own article “A formulation of volumetric growth as a mechanical problem subjected to non-holonomic and rheonomic constraint” [Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, DOI: 10.1177/10812865231152228], which has been recently published in this journal. The reason for undertaking this critique is that, after exploring some fundamental literature, which was not included in our original paper, we have noticed that, if the “canonical doctrine” on non-holonomic and rheonomic constraints is followed, some of our conclusions should be partially rephrased, and the procedure adopted to obtain them can be shortened. In fact, some of the main results of our article, although remaining unaltered, can be retrieved in a more straightforward way, while some other results should be reconsidered, and some statements should be corrected. On the basis of these considerations, the scope of this work is to present the necessary amendments to our previous paper and to recast the core messages of our article, which remain valid, in an alternative form that is more concise and consistent with the standard theory of non-holonomic constraints.
Tensions and Escapes in Independent Living Infrastructures for People With Disabilities Under COVID-19
Authors: Moyà-Köhler Joan , García-Santesmases Andrea , Farré Lluvi
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the structural deficiencies of residential care homes. In this context, living arrangements based on the independent living paradigm emerged as more resilient care infrastructures in terms of preserving life. But what kind of lives have they preserved, and who has decided what forms those lives took? Drawing on an ethnographic study of two care infrastructures for people with physical and intellectual disabilities living independently in Barcelona, the present study illustrates how the pandemic tensioned and unleashed escapes within these two services, revealing them as postinstitutions working under logics of bureaucratization and hospitalization. This in-depth study allows us to delve deeper into the constraints that these postinstitutionalization models present, at the time that explores the possibilities these projects present for continuing to work toward the promotion of self-organization and full participation of people with disabilities in the becoming of their life projects.
Influence of individual and social values on customer engagement in luxury thermal spa hotels: The mediating roles of perceived justice and brand experience
Authors: Japutra Arnold , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Molinillo Sebastian , Primanti Haryani
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine how values (i.e., individual and social values) influence customer engagement after managing a service failure in the thermal spa hotel context, and the mediating roles of perceived justice and brand experience. The data was collected from a survey of guests of luxury thermal spa hotels in Portugal, and the research model was assessed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results show that individual values affect perceived justice and brand experience, which in turn contribute to a higher level of customer engagement. Brand experience is a better mediator of the relationship between individual values and customer engagement than perceived justice. The novelty of this study is highlighted by the mediating effects of perceived justice and brand experience on the relationship between individual values and customer engagement.
Cultural Wealth Coping as Protective Factors of Resilience for Latine Students
Authors: Cuellar Stephanie
Published: July 2023

Despite intersectional barriers to accessing and navigating institutions of higher education, Latine college student enrollment and attainment rates are increasing. This critical quantitative study employed Community Cultural Wealth framework to identify connections between cultural coping strategies and resilience among 143 Latine students at a Predominantly White Institution. Using the newly developed Cultural Wealth Coping Scale, this study revealed that linguistic capital and cognitive resilience capital promote resilience. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided.

A pesar de las barreras interseccionales para acceder y navegar por las instituciones de educación superior, las tasas de matriculación y logros de los estudiantes universitarios Latine están aumentando. Este estudio cuantitativo crítico empleó el marco de la Riqueza Cultural Comunitaria para identificar las conexiones entre las estrategias de afrontamiento cultural y la resiliencia entre 143 estudiantes Latine en una institución predominantemente blanca. Usando la Escala de Afrontamiento de Riqueza Cultural recientemente desarrollada, este estudio reveló que el capital lingüístico y el capital de resiliencia cognitiva promueven la resiliencia. Se proporcionan recomendaciones para futuras investigaciónes y prácticas.
Analysis of Determinants for Suture-mediated Closure Device Failure During EVAR Procedures
Authors: Garabet W , Arnautovic A , Meurer L , Mulorz J , Rembe JD , Duran M , Süss JD , Schelzig H , Wagenhäuser MU
Published: July 2023

Objective

Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) for elective and emergency infrarenal aortic pathologies is the primary approach for treatment nowadays. During such procedure, the suture-mediated closure device (SMCD) (Perclose ProGlideTM, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA) is commonly used. This study aimed to identify potential contributors for SMCD failure in a patient cohort of elective and emergency EVAR.

Methods

Archived medical records from patients who underwent EVAR for aortic pathologies in elective and emergency setting at the University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany were included. Patient’s co-morbidities, access vessel morphologies and hemostasis-related blood parameters were evaluated on their association with SMCD failure applying different statistical methods.

Results

A total of 71 patients (139 femoral accesses) was included. The mean age was 73.5 ± 8.4 years. Overall SMCD failure rate was 4.3%, 4.1% for elective and 5.9% for emergency cases, respectively. Total procedure time was longer for the SMCD failure group (323 ± 117.8 min vs 171 ± 43.7 min). The calcification status of the common femoral artery (CFA), the diameter of the aortic bifurcation, and dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) on the medication plan prior to the procedure were associated with SMCD failure. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis nominated several potentially relevant predictors for SMCD failure who underwent subsequent multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Here, DAPT on the medication plan was identified as being promising in predicting SMCD failure (OR 30.5), while anterior plaque formation in the CFA maintained as only statistically relevant determinant (OR 44.9).

Conclusions

This study confirms the CFA calcification status to be associated with SMCD failure. Although discontinued prior to endovascular treatment, DAPT was also found to be associated with SMCD failure. Our results may advocate to perform obligatory platelet testing prior to EVAR to maximize patient safety.
A Literature Review of Meleagrins
Authors: El-Sawy Eslam R , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: July 2023

Fungal bioactive secondary metabolites are considered promising sources for the production of unique compounds with exceptional chemical structures. Of these bioactive secondary metabolites, meleagrins are prenylated indole alkaloids characterized by a triazaspirocyclic skeleton that is generally obtained from Penicillium species. Meleagrins are alkaloids with promising biological activities. Here is a survey of previously published research on meleagrins: their sources, biosynthetic pathways, synthesis, and bioactivities.
Patient Perceptions of Surgeon Reimbursement in Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Mike-Mayer Austin B. , Sakthivelnathan Vishaal , Sharma Akhil , Panchbhavi Vinod K. , Chen Jie
Published: July 2023

Introduction. The incidence of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) for ankle osteoarthritis has increased in the Medicare population by approximately 16.37% each year. This study examines the patient perception of orthopedic surgeon reimbursement for TAA by Medicare. Methods. A total of 78 patients were surveyed anonymously at 2 foot and ankle clinics within an academic health care setting. The surveys were given anonymously before the patients were seen by an orthopedic surgeon. Surveys were returned to office staff who placed them in a collection box to ensure confidentiality. Results. The average estimate of how much orthopedic surgeons should be reimbursed for TAA was $19 506 and the average estimate of how much orthopedic surgeons were actually reimbursed was $20 772. Fifty patients believed that orthopedic surgeons were under reimbursed, 9 believed that they were reimbursed appropriately, and 19 were unsure. Demographic variables such as age, sex, education level, income, and insurance status had no significant effect on the results. Conclusions. Most patients believed orthopedic surgeons are under reimbursed for TAA and that there is a lack of health care transparency regarding orthopedic reimbursement for TAA by Medicare.

Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert opinion
Are Professors Satisfied With Their Jobs? The Factors That Influence Professors’ Job Satisfaction
Authors: Chen Chi Yuan
Published: July 2023

This study aims to explore professors’ job satisfaction and the factors that influence their satisfaction. Professors whose main duties were instruction, research, service, and advising (i.e., four types of responsibilities) were invited to participate in the study; the participants of the study ( n = 117) completed a questionnaire survey, and interviews ( n = 50) were also conducted to investigate their job perceptions. The study proposed a model that includes a second-order hierarchy of professors’ job satisfaction comprising four duties (i.e., instruction, research, service, and advising) and factors that influence job satisfaction. The results revealed that the participating professors tended to be moderately satisfied with their jobs and that the job satisfaction of full professors was greater than that of assistant professors. The order of four key duties that influenced professors’ overall job satisfaction were service, instruction, advising, and research. Furthermore, consistent with motivator-hygiene theory, the “university work environment” and the “nature of academic job” were the two factors that significantly influenced the job satisfaction of the participants. Of these two factors, the “university work environment” had a greater influence in predicting the participants’ job satisfaction, especially for higher-ranked professors. The study findings suggest that universities can increase the job satisfaction of professors by enhancing their professional development activities; improving their work environment, equipment, and support; providing more regulatory flexibility; and implementing teacher grievance mechanisms and reward systems that meet the needs of professors.
Comparison of Habitual Versus Recurrent Patellar Dislocation in Children and Adolescents: Differences in Radiological Features
Authors: Huang Lin , Qian Zhan-Hua , Yang Zheng , Lv Xue-min , Feng Chao
Published: July 2023

Background:

Recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) and habitual patellar dislocation (HPD) in flexion are frequently encountered in children and adolescents.

Purpose:

To compare the radiological features of RPD and HPD in children and adolescents.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Imaging data were collected from patients aged 9 to 15 years who received surgical treatment for HPD or RPD at a single institution between June 2015 and September 2020. The prevalence of trochlear dysplasia, tibial tubercle lateralization, and lower limb rotational deformity was assessed through hip/knee/ankle computed tomography (CT) using the following quantitative indicators: trochlear depth index, lateral trochlear inclination, sulcus angle, tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, ratio of TT-TG distance to femoral width, TT-TG angle, femoral anteversion angle, and tibial external rotation angle. The morphology of trochlea and patella were graded on knee CT using the Dejour and Wiberg classification. The Insall-Salvati index and Caton-Deschamps index were used to evaluate the height of the patella on lateral view radiographs. To evaluate lower limbs malalignment, the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and medial proximal tibial angle were measured on weightbearing full-length radiographs. The collected data were analyzed and compared between the HPD and RPD groups.

Results:

Enrolled were 15 patients (21 knees) diagnosed with HPD and 18 patients (22 knees) diagnosed with RPD. The age of first dislocation was significantly younger in the HPD group (7.6 ± 3.4 vs 11.2 ± 1.4 years; P = 0.003). Knees in the HPD group had a significantly higher proportion of Dejour type C dysplasia (57.1% vs 4.5%; P < .005) and Wiberg type 3 patella (66.7% vs 9.1%; P < .001). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in the trochlear depth index (HPD vs RPD: 1.1 ± 1.7 vs 2.2 ± 1.5 mm; P = .039), sulcus angle (170.3° ± 13.7° vs 157.3° ± 16.0°; P = .007), Insall-Salvati index (1.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.3 ± 0.2; P = .034), and tibial external rotation angle (31.3° ± 7.8° vs 38.4° ± 8.5°; P = .009).

Conclusion:

Patients in the HPD group presented with poorer trochlear and patellar development, lower patellar height, and less tibial external rotation compared with patients in the RPG group.
Strategy, Intentionality and Success: Four Logics for Explaining Strategic Action
Authors: Chia Robert , Holt Robin
Published: July 2023

Strategic success is usually associated with having deliberate intentions, prior stated goals and a comprehensively formulated plan for effective execution. This way of thinking is driven by a means–ends logic and underpinned by the cognitivist assumption that conscious thought and consequential reasoning drive effective action: such privileging of thought over action is endemic in strategic theorizing. Our purpose in this paper is to demonstrate the plausibility of other, pre-cognitive logics of strategic action and ‘intention’ as alternative explanatory bases for strategic success. We identify three such logics and their associated forms of intentionality. A ‘logic of practices’ views collectively shared habitus rather than conscious cognition/deliberate intention as the basis of effective strategic action. A ‘logic of situation’ emphasizes how situational momentum, tendencies and affordances themselves contain pre-cognitive ‘in-tensional’ impulses that actively elicit appropriate strategic responses. Finally, a ‘logic of potential’ associated with what Friedrich Nietzsche termed ‘will to power’. It is with this fourth logic, we suggest, that strategic intention becomes most effective. In will to power, strategy entails the relentless expanding of degrees of freedom from environmental constraints without presuming cognitive separation from it.
Efficacy of mindfulness added to treatment as usual in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache: a phase-III single-blind randomized-controlled trial (the MIND-CM study)
Authors: Grazzi Licia , D’Amico Domenico , Guastafierro Erika , Demichelis Greta , Erbetta Alessandra , Fedeli Davide , Nigri Anna , Ciusani Emilio , Barbara Corso , Raggi Alberto
Published: July 2023

Background

Mindfulness gained considerable attention for migraine management, but RCTs are lacking. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a six-sessions mindfulness-based treatment added to treatment as usual (TaU) in patients with Chronic Migraine (CM) and Medication Overuse Headache (MOH) on headache frequency, medication intake, quality of life, disability, depression and anxiety, cutaneous allodynia, awareness of inner states, work-related difficulties, and disease cost.

Methods

In this Phase-III single-blind RCT carried out in a specialty Italian headache center, 177 patients with CM and MOH were randomized 1:1 to either TaU (withdrawal from overused drugs, education on proper medication use and lifestyle issues, and tailored prophylaxis) or mindfulness-based intervention added to TaU (TaU + MIND). The mindfulness-based intervention consisted of six group session of mindfulness practice and 7–10 min daily self-practice. The primary endpoint was the achievement of ≥ 50% headache frequency reduction at 12 months compared to baseline, and was analyzed on an intention-to-treat principle using Pearson’s Chi-Squared test. Secondary endpoints included medication intake, quality of life (QoL), disability, depression and anxiety, cutaneous allodynia, awareness of inner states, work-related difficulties, and disease cost. The secondary endpoints were analyzed using per-protocol linear mixed models.

Results

Out of the 177 participants 89 were randomized to TaU and 88 to TaU + MIND. Patients in the TaU + MIND group outperformed those in TaU for the primary endpoint (78.4% vs. 48.3%; p < 0.0001), and showed superior improvement in headache frequency, QoL and disability, headache impact, loss of productive time, medication intake, and in total, indirect and direct healthcare costs.

Conclusions

A mindfulness-based treatment composed of six-week session and 7–10 min daily self-practice added on to TaU is superior to TaU alone for the treatment of patients with CM and MOH.

Trial registration

MIND-CM was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03671681) on14/09/2018.
MRI measurement of the effects of moderate and deep neuromuscular blockade on the abdominal working space during laparoscopic surgery, a clinical study
Authors: Krijtenburg Piet , Bruintjes Moira H. D. , Fütterer Jurgen J. , van de Steeg Gert , d’Ancona Frank , Scheffer Gert Jan , Keijzer Christiaan , Warlé Michiel C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Conflicting data exist regarding the effects of deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) on abdominal dimensions during laparoscopic procedures.

We performed a clinical study to establish the influence of moderate and deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) on the abdominal working space, measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy with standard pressure (12 mmHg) pneumoperitoneum under sevoflurane anaesthesia.

Methods

Ten patients were intraoperatively scanned three times in the lateral decubitus position, with pneumoperitoneum maintained by a mobile insufflator. The first scan without NMB (T1) was followed by scans with moderate (T2) and deep NMB (T3). The skin-sacral promontory (S-SP) distance was measured, and 3D pneumoperitoneum volumes were reconstructed.

Results

The mean difference in the S-SP distance was -0.32 cm between T2 and T3 (95% CI -1.06 - 0.42 cm; p = 0.344) and + 2.1 cm between T1 and T2 (95% CI 0.81 - 3.39 cm; p = 0.006). The mean differences in pneumoperitoneum volume were 166 mL between T2 and T3 (95% CI, 5 - 327 mL; p = 0.044) and 108 mL between T1 and T2 (95% CI, -273 - 488 mL; p = 0.525). The pneumoperitoneum volume showed high inter-individual variability and no increase in three patients with a high volume at T1.

Conclusions

During laparoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position with standard pressure under sevoflurane anaesthesia, deep NMB did not increase the S-SP distance compared to moderate NMB. Moderate NMB increased the S-SP distance by a mean of 2.1 cm (15.2%) compared with no NMB. The mean pneumoperitoneum volume increased slightly from moderate to deep NMB, with high inter-individual variability.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03287388.
Characteristics of international primary care practices and physicians related to advance care planning: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Nowels Molly A. , Nowels David , Sheffler Julia , Lum Hillary D.
Published: July 2023

Background

Primary care providers (PCPs) are well-situated to delivery primary palliative care such as advance care planning (ACP). The aim of this work is to identify practice characteristics, including features found in advanced primary care models (APCMs), that predict PCP engagement of patients in ACP.

Methods

We analyzed characteristics of physician respondents and their practices associated with ACP conversations in older and sicker patients using data from 11 countries who participated in the 2015 Commonwealth Fund International Survey of Primary Care Physicians in 10 Nations. The primary outcome was how routinely these ACP conversations are reported. We used a validated measure to describe practice-level characteristics of advanced primary care models. We conducted bivariate and multivariable analyses to determine PCP and practice characteristics associated with routinely engaging patients in ACP and with documenting patient preferences in medical records.

Results

Respondents (N = 12,049) predominantly were older than 45 and did not view their jobs as high stress. PCPs reported routinely engaging patients in ACP work in practices with more APCM features. They are more likely to view their jobs as high stress, to work more hours, to practice in rural areas, and to work in smaller practices. Multivariable analyses showed that older PCP age, higher perceived stress of the job, practice location in rural areas, and increased number of APCM features were associated with more ACP conversations. Increased number of APCM features was also associated with higher odds of routinely recording patient preferences in their medical records.

Conclusions

In this international survey, physician and practice characteristics, including having features associated with APCMs, were associated with whether physicians routinely discuss ACP with patients who are older and sicker. Many features of APCMs may facilitate ACP discussions between PCPs and patients.
The association between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes: a retrospective claims analysis
Authors: Bromfield Samantha G. , Ma Qinli , DeVries Andrea , Inglis Tiffany , Gordon Aliza S.
Published: July 2023

Background

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy continue to increase in prevalence and are associated with several adverse outcomes and future cardiovascular risk for mothers. This study evaluated the association of hypertensive disorders compared to no hypertension during pregnancy with neonatal and maternal outcomes. We then evaluated risk factors associated with progression from a less to more severe hypertensive disorder during pregnancy.

Methods

We conducted a propensity-matched retrospective cohort study utilizing Medicaid claims data from a national insurer. The study population consisted of mothers with and without hypertensive disorders who delivered between 7/1/2016–12/31/2018 and their infants. Hypertensive disorders included gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and superimposed preeclampsia. Propensity score matching was used to match mothers without to those with hypertensive disorders. Regression models were used to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine characteristics associated with the progression of gestational hypertension to preeclampsia or chronic hypertension to superimposed preeclampsia.

Results

We observed the highest risk of cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR]:1.61 and 1.99) in mothers and preterm delivery (OR:2.22 and 5.37), respiratory distress syndrome (OR:2.39 and 4.19), and low birthweight (OR:3.64 and 9.61) in babies born to mothers with preeclampsia or superimposed preeclampsia compared to no hypertension, respectively (p < 0.05 for all outcomes). These outcomes were slightly higher among chronic or gestational hypertension compared to no hypertension, however, most were not statistically significant. Risk of neonatal intensive care unit utilization was higher among more severe hypertensive disorders (OR:2.41 for preeclampsia, OR:4.87 for superimposed preeclampsia). Obesity/overweight and having a history of preeclampsia during a prior pregnancy were most likely to predict progression from gestational/chronic hypertension to preeclampsia/superimposed preeclampsia.

Conclusion

Mothers and neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia or superimposed preeclampsia experienced more adverse outcomes compared to those without hypertension. Mothers and neonates born to mothers with gestational hypertension had outcomes similar to those without hypertension. Outcomes for those with chronic hypertension fell in between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obesity/overweight and having a history of preeclampsia during a prior pregnancy were strong risk factors for hypertension progression.
Grease-gun injury of the orbit: two cases report and literature review
Authors: Shen Wei , Yang Yang , Su Yunshan , Hu Zhulin
Published: July 2023

Background

The grease-guns injury is an uncommon injury to the orbit. We present the twelfth and thirteenth cases of grease-gun injury to the orbit to be reported in the English language literature since 1964. Here we discus and review the presentation, investigation, and treatment of this unusual trauma.

Case presentation

Case 1 was a 29-year-old man who presented 1 day after a grease-gun injury of the left orbit with severe pain, marked periorbital swelling, and proptosis. Computed tomography (CT) revealed penetration of grease into his left orbit. Following surgical removal, proptosis decreased. The limitation of extraocular movement and loss of visual acuity to finger count was discovered after the initial surgery. Motility gradually returned. Visual acuity recovered after phacoemulsification, capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation for traumatic cataract and subluxation. Case 2 was a 6-year-old boy who was referred 2 months after a grease-gun injury for worsening swelling with sinus, necrosis and slight ptosis of the upper left eyelids. This is a case of orbital chronic inflammation from grease-gun injuries masquerading as orbital cellulitis. The imaging findings of CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not typical. Surgical exploration and debridement was inevitable and actually relieved the symptoms.

Conclusions

Grease-gun injuries can damage the orbit in different degrees. Careful history inquiry and taking is important to establish the diagnosis. Imaging examinations using CT or MRI are helpful to determine depth of trauma and foreign bodies in the orbit at diagnosis. We suggest that surgical exploration and debridement is a key step in the management.
The relationship between screen time and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Chinese preschool children under the multichild policy: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhou Yu , Jiang Xinye , Wang Ran , Guo Bingbing , Cai Jingfen , Gu Yujing , Pei Jingjing
Published: July 2023

Background

Long screen time has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored. The association between screen time and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children has received widespread attention.

Methods

A questionnaire was used to survey 2452 people. ADHD symptoms were assessed by the Conners Child Behavior Scale. Considering that the ADHD symptoms of boys and girls might be different, we stratified the data by gender. Logistic regression model was used for regression analysis. To exclude the influence of multichild family and obesity level, we also conducted a sensitivity analysis. P values were two-tailed with a significance level at 0.05.

Results

The results showed that the association between screen time and ADHD symptoms in preschool children was significant (OR = 1.826, 95%CI: 1.032, 3.232). After grouping the genders, the correlation was not significant. There was an association between screen time and ADHD symptoms in children from families with multiple children. However, after excluding overweight and obese children from the overall population, the association between screen time and ADHD symptoms did not have statistical significance.

Conclusions

The issue of screen time for preschoolers needs to be taken seriously. Although the results indicate a significant correlation between screen time and ADHD symptoms, clearer evidence is needed to provide recommendations to policy makers.
Validation of the Iranian version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale 12-item research short-form for use during global crises (PSAS-IR-RSF-C)
Authors: Mashayekh-Amiri Sepideh , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Montazeri Maryam , Fallon Victoria , Silverio Sergio A. , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: July 2023

Background

Due to its high pervasiveness and adversarial consequences, postpartum anxiety has been one of the most worrying public health concerns in the last decade. According to previous research, the occurrence of mental disorders among women in the postpartum period upsurges significantly in the course of universal disasters. The Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale – Research Short Form – for use in global Crises [PSAS-IR-RSF-C] has not been used in Iran for postpartum women during a health system shock. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version (PSAS-IR-RSF-C) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed with 180 women who were between six weeks and six months after delivery, by random sampling method from December 2021 to June 2022. The validity of the PSAS-RSF-C in terms of face, content, was analyzed, and the construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the questionnaire were measured using (Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s ω) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively.

Results

The content validity index and content validity ratio of the Persian version of the PSAS-IR-RSF-C were 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. A three-factor structure was extracted during the exploratory factor analysis process, and model validity was confirmed by the values of fit indices. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald’s ω and intra-cluster correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) were 0.74, 0.92 (0.78 to 0.93) and 0.97 (0.93 to 0.98), respectively.

Conclusions

For the specific assessment of postpartum anxiety among Iranian women during crises, the Persian version of the PSAS-IR-RSF-C is a valid and reliable tool.
Temporal and spatial distribution trends of polio vaccine coverage in less than one-year old children in Brazil, 2011–2021
Authors: da Silva Tércia Moreira Ribeiro , Sá Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogu , Prates Elton Junio Sady , Freitas Saldanha Raphael de , da Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues , Silva Teixeira Antônia Maria da , Beinner Mark Anthony , de Oliveira Suelen Rosa , de Sá Antonio Tolentino Nogueira , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Vieira Ed Wilson Rodrigues
Published: July 2023

Background

Low polio vaccine coverage can result in the spread of Poliovirus to areas free from viral circulation. This study analyzed the temporal trends and spatial distribution of polio vaccine coverage in one year-old children in Brazil, between 2011 and 2021. Methods: This was an ecological, time-series study (2011 to 2021) with annual vaccine coverages against poliomyelitis, extracted from the Information System of the National Immunization Program from the 26 States and the Distrito Federal (DF). The percentage reductions in vaccination coverage in Brazil and in the Regions were calculated. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to analyze time series for the Regions and States, and spatial analysis identified the distribution of clusters (high-high; low-low; high-low and low-high) of vaccination coverages across Brazilian municipalities, using a 5% significance level. Results: From 2011 to 2021, the coverage of polio vaccines decreased by 29,9%. There was a progressive increase observed in clusters resulting in low vaccination coverages (140 low-low Brazilian municipalities in 2011 vs. 403 in 2021), mostly reported in the North and Northeast regions of the country. There was a downward trend in vaccination coverages in 24 of the 26 States and DF (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The reduction in polio vaccine coverage, as observed in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, may favor the spread of Poliovirus. Therefore, vaccination strategies should be prioritized for children residing in areas with sharp and recurrent declines in vaccination coverages, including travelers, migrants, and refugees.
Do peer-based education interventions effectively improve vaccination acceptance? a systematic review
Authors: Gobbo Elisa L. S. , Hanson Claudia , Abunnaja Khadija S. S. , van Wees Sibylle Herzig
Published: July 2023

Background

Vaccination efforts are a vital part of controlling the spread of diseases, however, lack of vaccine acceptance undermines the efficacy of this public health effort. Current evidence suggests that the most effective interventions to support vaccination uptake and positive vaccination beliefs are multicomponent, and dialogue based. Peer-based education interventions are such a strategy that involves an individual within the same group to act as the vaccine educator.

Objective

This review aims to consolidate the quantitative evidence surrounding the effectiveness and experience of peer-based education initiatives to improve vaccination beliefs and behaviors.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and a hand reference search. The search was conducted between April and June 2022. The inclusion criteria encompassed using peers, being education based, and being an intervention that addresses vaccination beliefs and behaviors (e.g. vaccination uptake).

Results

Systematic screening revealed 16 articles in the final review. Half of the studies focused on students as their study population. The human papillomavirus vaccine was the most common vaccine assessed in the studies, followed by COVID and influenza vaccines. 11 out of 16 of the articles reported a positive impact of the peer intervention and two studies had mixed results. Six studies suggest a mixed peer- healthcare expert approach.

Conclusions

Despite reported positive effects of using peer-education based initiatives to improve vaccine uptake and beliefs, this systematic review reveals that there is limited existing research in support of this strategy. The strategies that initially appear the most effect are those with a combined peer and health-expert approach, and those that have more group specific and long-term peer interventions. More research is needed to confirm these results and to assess the effectiveness of a peer-based education intervention in a wider variety of settings and for other vaccine types.