bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photonic topological insulators in femtosecond laser direct-written waveguides
Authors: Yan Wenchao , Zhang Bin , Chen Feng
Published: October 2024

Topological photonics attract significant interests due to their intriguing fundamental physics and potential applications. Researchers are actively exploring various artificial platforms to realize novel topological phenomena, which provides promising pathways for the development of robust photonic devices. Among these platforms, femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides show unique ability to visualize intricate light dynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions, which rendering them ideal tools for investigating topological photonics. By integrating topological concepts into these waveguides, researchers not only deepen their understanding of topological physics but also provide potential methodology for developing advanced topological photonic integrated devices. In this review, we discuss recent experimental implementations of different topological phases within femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides, as well as the fascinating physical phenomena induced by the interplay of topology with non-Hermiticity, nonlinearity and quantum physics are also introduced. The exploration of topological waveguide arrays shows great promise in advancing the field of topological photonics, providing a solid foundation for further research and innovation in this rapidly developing domain.
Discovery and design of molecular glue enhancers of CDK12–DDB1 interactions for targeted degradation of cyclin K
Authors: Ghosh Pompom , Schmitz Maximilian , Pandurangan Thiyagamurthy , Zeleke Solomon Tadesse , Chan Sean Chin , Mosior John , Sun Luxin , Palve Vinayak , Grassie Dylan , Anand Kanchan , Frydman Sylvia , Roush William R. , Schönbrunn Ernst , Geyer Matthias , Duckett Derek , Monastyrskyi Andrii
Published: October 2024

De novo design of molecular glues transforming CDK12 inhibitors, including dinaciclib, into cyclin K degraders.
Target-assisted self-cleavage DNAzyme electrochemical biosensor for MicroRNA detection with signal amplification
Authors: Zhang Juan , Xie Benting , He Haonan , Gao Hejun , Liao Fang , Fu Hongquan , Liao Yunwen
Published: October 2024

In this work, we reported an electrochemical biosensor with target-assisted self-cleavage DNAzyme function for signal amplified detection of miRNA.
In situ XPS investigation of the SEI formed on LGPS and LAGP with metallic lithium
Authors: Liang Yi , Burton Matthew , Jagger Ben , Guo Hua , Ihli Johannes , Pasta Mauro
Published: October 2024

We compare the reaction kinetics of SEI formation between Li metal and the SEs LAGP and LGPS using a VEP-XPS technique. Our results show that the SEI growth between Li and LAGP exhibits faster kinetics, preventing the plating of metallic Li.
Thermal conductivity study of 2D Si4C8 materials by anharmonic phonon renormalization
Authors: Gao Peng , Chen Xihao , Yan Xingwu , Zhang Longxin , Meng Xiang , Zhai Fuqiang , Guo Donglin
Published: October 2024

The increasement of ratio between HA and SCP indicates that the effect of anharmonic phonon renormalization at high temperature is remarkable.
Electronic and magnetic properties of porphyrin nanoribbons with chelated metals
Authors: Oliveira Thainá Araújo , Silva Paloma Vieira , de Vasconcelos Fabrício Morais , Meunier Vincent , Girão Eduardo Costa
Published: October 2024

Using computational simulations, we investigated properties of nanoribbons constructed from the concatenation of π-extended porphyrins chelated with transition metals.
Mechanism and stereoselectivity in metal and enzyme catalyzed carbene insertion into X–H and C(sp2)–H bonds
Authors: Balhara Reena , Chatterjee Ritwika , Jindal Garima
Published: October 2024

This review provides a mechanistic overview of asymmetric Fe, Cu, Pd, Rh, Au and heme-based enzymes catalyzed carbene insertion reactions to construct  C–X (X = O, N, S, etc.) and C–C bonds, focusing on the stereochemical models.
HH130: a standardized database of machine learning interatomic potentials, datasets, and its applications in the thermal transport of half-Heusler thermoelectrics
Authors: Yang Yuyan , Lin Yifei , Dai Shengnan , Zhu Yifan , Xi Jinyang , Xi Lili , Gu Xiaokun , Singh David J. , Zhang Wenqing , Yang Jiong
Published: October 2024

The HH130, a standardized machine-learning interatomic potential database for 130 half-Heusler compounds. The lattice thermal conductivities considering both three and four phonon interactions for the half-Heuslers have been studied by using HH130.
Direct O2 mediated oxidation of a Ni(ii)N3O structural model complex for the active site of nickel acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD): characterization, biomimetic reactivity, and enzymatic implications
Authors: Kirsch Kelsey E. , Little Mary E. , Cundari Thomas R. , El-Shaer Emily , Barone Georgia , Lynch Vincent M. , Toledo Santiago A.
Published: October 2024

A structural and functional biomimetic Ni(ii)N3O complex, capable of O2 mediated dioxygenase like C–C bond cleavage, via a putative high-valent Ni intermediate.
Salinity alters the toxicity of copper nanoparticles to anammox consortia through modulating extracellular polymeric substances and membrane permeability
Authors: Cheng Ya-Fei , Li Meng , Xu Hai-Tian , Fang Shu-Yang , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zheng-Zhe , Jin Ren-Cun
Published: October 2024

Among numerous engineered nanoparticles (NPs), CuNPs have been identified as a kind of high-risk inhibitor to anammox bacteria; however, the potential effects of salinity on the toxicity of CuNPs to anammox consortia remain unclear.
Effect of a phase transfer catalyst structure on the alkaline hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Anderson Lee B. , Molloy Conall , Pedrini Lorenzo , Martin Ian L. , Connon Stephen J.
Published: October 2024

The evaluation of a library of phase transfer catalysts in the alkaline hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate revealed the key interplay between catalyst structure/properties and the reaction conditions.
Accurate determination of ultra-trace rare earth elements by LA-ICP-MS/MS and its application to cassiterite for effective elimination of Gd and Tb false positive anomalies
Authors: Yang Ming , Wei Wu , Yang Yue-Heng , Romer Rolf L. , Wu Shi-Tou , Wu Tao , Zhong Li-Feng
Published: October 2024

This study reports a new method for in situ determination of ultra-low REE contents in cassiterite by LA-ICP-MS/MS with an O2 and mass-shift detection strategy to avoid Gd and Tb anomalies.
Therapeutic upregulation of DNA repair pathways: strategies and small molecule activators
Authors: Song Juhyung , Park Cheoljun , Cabanting Francis E. B. , Jun Yong Woong
Published: October 2024

Potential therapeutic target proteins for upregulating DNA repair system are reviewed, along with reported small-molecule activators.
Stereoselective O-phosphorylation of aldehydes and ketones via phospha-Brook rearrangement: the stereochemistry and intermolecular mechanism
Authors: Li Qiang , Sun Yong-Ming , Yao Lan , Ji Si-Yu , Zheng Hong-Xing , Wen Jing-Hong , Xu Qing , Zhao Chang-Qiu
Published: October 2024

A novel mechanism was proposed as an intermolecular SN@P reaction of α-hydroxy phosphinate, which involved in Berry pseudorotation of phosphorus intermediate, and can explain the P-retention and C-racemization satisfactory.
ZnIn2S4 nanosheets with tunable dual vacancies for efficient sacrificial-agent-free H2O2 photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Chen , Xu Gao , Liang Qifeng , Liang Li , Fang Zebo , Wu Rong , Wei Shunhang , Wang Lei , Xu Xiaoxiang
Published: October 2024

ZnIn2S4 nanosheets with tunable concentration of dual vacancies were prepared. Introducing dual vacancies effectively promotes photocarrier separation, facilitates O2 adsorption, and inhibits H2O2 decomposition by increasing hydrophilicity.
Phosphine-mediated formal [5 + 1] aminobenzannulations of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with isocyanates
Authors: Cai Wei , Hu Yanxin , Wang Nan , Huang You
Published: October 2024

Phosphine-mediated formal [5 + 1] aminobenzannulations of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with isocyanates for efficient construction of diarylamines.
Copper and electrocatalytic synergy for the construction of fused quinazolinones with 2-aminobenzaldehydes and cyclic amines
Authors: Shi Yujie , Li Ganpeng , Wang Ruirui , Zhao Xiao-jing , He Yonghui
Published: October 2024

A new copper and electrocatalytic synergy strategy for efficiently constructing fused quinazolinones has been developed.
Proton-coupled electron transfer dynamics in the alternative oxidase
Authors: Saura Patricia , Kim Hyunho , Beghiah Adel , Young Luke , Moore Anthony L. , Kaila Ville R. I.
Published: October 2024

Here we study mechanistic principles of the membrane-bound alternative oxidase (AOX) from Trypanosoma brucei, elucidating how AOX activates dioxygen to drive quinol oxidation by proton-coupled electron transfer reactions and electric field effects.
A three-dimensional lead iodide perovskite analog featuring hydrogen-bonded dual monovalent cations
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Cheng-Dong , Fan Chang-Chun , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2024

A 3D perovskite analog is constructed by using hydrogen bond to reduce electrostatic repulsion of two monovalent cations. The study highlights the potential to overcome cation selection limitations on novel 3D perovskite-like materials.
Optimality and cooperativity in superselective surface binding by multivalent DNA nanostars
Authors: Linne Christine , Heemskerk Eva , Zwanikken Jos W. , Kraft Daniela J. , Laan Liedewij
Published: October 2024

Our study shows that DNA nanostars with three binding sites (ligands) can (1) bind superselectively to surfaces based on receptor density, and (2) that interactions between ligands affect the optimum number of ligands required for superselectivity.
Self-supporting electrodes of lithium aluminium oxide–carbon nanocomposites synthesized from dicarboxylate-intercalated layered double hydroxide for supercapacitors
Authors: Lee Yongju , Jung Duk-Young
Published: October 2024

A three-dimensional hybrid structure of Al/LiAl5O8/C electrodes with uniform graphite nanosheets, prepared by calcination of organic species intercalated LDH, exhibits high capacitance and excellent cycling stability for supercapacitors.
Biogenesis of omegasomes and autophagosomes in mammalian autophagy
Authors: Norell Puck N. , Campisi Daniele , Mohan Jagan , Wollert Thomas
Published: October 2024

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis by promoting the degradation of damaged or superfluous cytoplasmic material. A hallmark of autophagy is the generation of membrane cisternae that sequester autophagic cargo. Expansion of these structures allows cargo to be engulfed in a highly selective and exclusive manner. Cytotoxic stress or starvation induces the formation of autophagosomes that sequester bulk cytoplasm instead of selected cargo. This rather nonselective pathway is essential for maintaining vital cellular functions during adverse conditions and is thus a major stress response pathway. Both selective and nonselective autophagy rely on the same molecular machinery. However, due to the different nature of cargo to be sequestered, the involved molecular mechanisms are fundamentally different. Although intense research over the past decades has advanced our understanding of autophagy, fundamental questions remain to be addressed. This review will focus on molecular principles and open questions regarding the formation of omegasomes and phagophores in nonselective mammalian autophagy.
Features of Swallowing Function in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis: Preliminary Evidence Using Well-Tested Assessment Frameworks
Authors: Ambrocio Kevin Renz , Aggarwal Rohit , Lacomis David , Zhang Xingyu , Garand Kendrea L. (Focht)
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Evidence surrounding swallowing impairment in sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is based on nonstandardized and nonvalidated assessment methods. We investigated (a) IBM's impact on swallowing function and oral intake status using well-tested assessment frameworks; (b) changes in swallowing over time; and (c) age, sex, and swallowing impairment severity's influence on oral intake status.

Method:

We conducted a secondary analysis of Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) data from 13 patients with IBM (seven females;
M
age
= 60.2 [±13.6] years) and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We compared MBSImP Overall Impression (OI), Oral Total (OT), Pharyngeal Total (PT), and FOIS scores between groups. Specific to the IBM cohort, we analyzed repeated OT and PT scores and calculated whether age, sex, and OT and PT scores predicted FOIS scores.

Results:

The IBM cohort demonstrated poorer OI scores across six swallowing components than healthy controls (each
p
< .05). Unlike OT scores (
p
= .84), PT (
p
= .033) and FOIS (
p
< .001) scores were worse in the IBM cohort. Repeated OI scores revealed changes in three swallowing components (each
p
< .05), but repeated OT (
p
= .16) and PT (
p
= .30) scores did not significantly change. Age, sex, and OT and PT scores did not influence FOIS scores (each
p
> .05).

Conclusions:

Pharyngeal impairments were most prominent in the IBM cohort, and their oral intake status was adversely affected. Our preliminary data showcase the application of robust assessment methods to investigate swallowing function in IBM, enhancing standardization and comparability across studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27165450
Performance measurement in railway remote driving implementations
Authors: Urassa Patrick , Olsson Nils O. E. , Lau Albert , Mandhaniya Pranjal , Andersen Bjørn
Published: October 2024

Remote driving, a well‐matured technology in various industries, is relatively new to the railway sector but appears to be a promising solution for achieving advanced automation, especially for conventional trains. The shift from traditional in‐cab driving to automated train operation, especially remote operations is a complex and ongoing process, with laboratory and field tests being conducted to examine its viability. This transition presents numerous areas that require further investigation and development. This study delves into these unexplored areas, examining various metrics that could be pivotal during the introduction of railway remote driving. The research adopts a mixed‐method approach, employing a triangulation technique in data collection to address the research question on performance indicators for railway remote driving. Through an extensive literature review, benchmarking, and expert surveys, the study pinpoints several performance indicators crucial for assessing the operational effectiveness of remote railway operations. The developed indicators were validated using the two‐round Delphi method, with 9 out of 13 being deemed essential by the panel of experts. The list of these indicators is the key finding in the study. They are: latency, data transfer rate, cybersecurity measures, video quality and camera stability, perception, system integration, permanent connection check, driver vitality check, and organizational aspects. The study contributes to filling the existing research gap and serve as a cockpit or instrumental panel in the implementation of remote operations, thus facilitating the transition towards more automated and remotely operated systems.
Numerical study on role of foot of a flue organ pipe: relative phases in oscillations among pipe, foot and jet
Authors: Ikoga Shiryu , Onomata Tatsuki , Tabata Ryoya , Iwagami Sho , Kobayashi Taizo , Takahashi Kin’ya
Published: October 2024

Recent numerical studies showed that the foot of flue organ pipes closed at one end acts as a Helmholtz resonator and influences the acoustic oscillation in the pipe. Namely, the relative phase of oscillations between the pipe and foot changes depending on the resonance frequency of the foot. This fact can be explained by the theory of forced harmonic oscillators, in which the pipe works as a force driving the foot. However, in the damping-controlled regime, in which the resonance frequency of the foot, fH, is nearly equal to the frequency of acoustic oscillation, fa, the amplitude of the acoustic oscillation is smaller than those in the mass-controlled regime fH < fa and the stiffness-controlled regime fH > fa, even though the pressure oscillation in the foot lags behind that in the pipe by π/2. In this paper, to investigate this problem and to explore the role of the foot in detail, using a three-dimensional model of a closed flue organ pipe, we numerically investigate the relative phases among the pressure oscillation in the pipe, that in the foot and the jet velocity. We conclude that total balance among them is crucial for sustaining acoustic and fluid oscillations in the sound generation process. The oscillating jet drives the pipe with appropriate timing to sustain the acoustic oscillation for the stiffness-controlled and mass-controlled regimes. In contrast, the jet inefficiently drives the pipe with inappropriate timing for the damping-controlled regime.
Study on the Asian dust emitted from the hotspot in the Gobi Desert
Authors: Kai Kenji , Kawai Kei , Jin Yoshitaka , Shimizu Atsushi , Sugimoto Nobuo , Maki Teruya , Noda Jun , Shiina Tatsuo , Davaanyam Enkhbaatar , Batdorj Dashdondog
Published: October 2024

We have studied the Asian dust emitted from a hotspot in the Gobi Desert by a lidar network, analyses of Himawari-8 Dust RGB and meteorological fields, and a field survey since 2013. We found a remarkable dust hotspot in the Gobi Desert by the filed survey and analysis. The Himawari-8 Dust RGB imagery shows that the dust storm occurred in an orographic convergence zone sandwiched between the Khangai, Altai, and Gurvan Saikhan Mountains in the Gobi Desert. The lidar network operating in Dalanzadgad, Sainshand, and Zamyn-Uud, Mongolia shows a dust layer development over the Gobi Desert in association with a cold frontal system and the long-range transport of the dust. We estimated the massextinction conversion factor MECF (g m-2) from simultaneous observations using an optical particle counter (OPC) installed on a tethered balloon and a ceilometer in the Gobi Desert. The MECF values decreased from the Asian dust source (Dalanzadgad 1.91 g m-2) to the lee-side areas (e.g., Tsukuba 1.18 g m-2) due to the gravitational settling of large dust particles.
Temporal evolution of dust in the atmosphere of Baluchestan, southeast Iran, studied by handheld sun-photometer, space-borne lidar, and synoptic data
Authors: Masoumi Amir , Moradhaseli Ruhollah , Bayat Ali , Narouie Farhad , Akbari Ali
Published: October 2024

The atmospheric aerosol parameters in the vicinity of Iranshahr County in Baluchestan, located in the southeast of Iran (27.00-27.40 °N, 60.09-61.09 °E), were investigated using a Calitoo handheld sunphotometer, space-borne CALIOP-CALIPSO lidar, and synoptic station measurements. The findings indicate the prevalence of dust aerosols throughout the year, with a pronounced presence during the summer season. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), as determined by Calitoo measurements at 540 nm between April and October 2022, peaked in July with a maximum value of 0.63 ± 0.20. During this month, the Angstrom exponent reached the value of 0.44 ± 0.21, providing further evidence of severe dust storm activities in the region. An analysis of the level 2 aerosol profile data obtained from CALIOP measurements spanning a decade (2013-2022) has been presented. The results derived from the vertical profiles of extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio, and AODs are consistent with those measured by Calitoo. The monthly-averaged AOD at 532 nm exhibited its maximum and minimum values in July and January, registering at 0.83 ± 0.36 and 0.09 ± 0.13, respectively. As indicated by prior research, the primary atmospheric system responsible for dust events in the area is the north and northwesterly “120-days” or the Levar wind. Synoptic measurements of horizontal visibility indicated a significant reduction during the Levar wind period, which extends from April to late August.
Implementation of mineralogy in COSMO5.05–MUSCAT and model dust loading comparison with measurements
Authors: Gómez Maqueo Anaya Sofía , Althausen Dietrich , Faust Matthias , Baars Holger , Heinold Bernd , Hofer Julian , Tegen Ina , Ansmann Albert , Engelmann Ronny , Skupin Annett , Heese Birgit , Schepanski Kerstin
Published: October 2024

A mineralogical database is included in the simulation of mineral dust atmospheric life cycle for the chemistry and transport model COSMO5.05-MUSCAT. Evaluation of the ability of the model to reproduce the atmospheric drivers and the spatial-temporal resolution of mineral dust in the atmosphere is done through comparisons with remote sensing measurements in the Sahara Desert region for January-February 2022. Results show simultaneously good agreements and suggest that discrepancies could be explained due to the methods used for calculating mineral dust in the atmosphere not considering compositional differences.
Role of nanoparticle surface charge in their toxicity
Authors: Loos Cornelia , Simmet Thomas , Syrovets Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Dust often contains chemical airborne pollutants that might negatively affect human health. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used types of plastic. Bulk polystyrene exhibits no short-term cytotoxicity. However, during degradation of polystyrene, small nanoparticles are formed. Due to specific properties, such as the large surface to volume ratio, toxicity of nanoparticles might be different to that of the bulk material. Hence, particularly the surface chemistry is crucial for nanoparticle behaviour in biological environment. For this study, carboxyl(PS-COOH) and amino-functionalized (PS-NH2) nanoparticles were prepared by free-radical copolymerization in a direct (oil in water) miniemulsion system. We show that surface functionalization of polystyrene nanoparticles with amino groups (PS-NH2), but not with carboxyl groups (PS-COOH), induced inhibition of proliferation in a monocytic cell line and induce a specific cell death, apoptosis. In PS-NH2–treated cells, acidic vesicular organelles exhibited elevated pH and impaired processing of a lysosomal enzyme. Moreover, solely in PS-NH2-treated cells, but not in PS-COOHtreated cells, this was followed by permeabilization of acidic vesicular organelles and induction of cell death. These data indicate that surface charge of nanoplastics defines their effects on biological systems and can be used to predict environmental toxicity of nanoplastics.
Dust influence on oxygenated polycyclic hydrocarbons and aliphatic ketones in Dushanbe particulate matter
Authors: Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , Faboya Oluwabamise Lekan , Deabji Nabil , Müller Konrad , Hofer Julian , Makhmudov Abduvosit N. , Althausen Dietrich , Abdullaev Sabur F. , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: October 2024

In the Central Asian region, susceptibility to dust storms and escalating anthropogenic emissions poses challenges for air quality as well as environmental health. This study explores the temporal and seasonal dynamics of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and aliphatic ketones in particulate matter during the Central Asian Dust Experiment (CADEX) in Dushanbe, both determined by Curie-Point Pyrolysis / Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (CPP-GC/MS). The results revealed pronounced variations in the concentrations of OPAHs, particularly 9,10-anthracendione, as the most dominant compound, with a marked dominance in winter. The aliphatic ketones also displayed robust temporal variations, closely associated with combustion sources with 2-nonadecanone and 2-heptadecanone emerging as the dominant compounds. Both compound groups showed higher concentrations in winter. The impact of dust events on OPAHs was more noticeable during summer, with limited influence observed in winter. Combustion sources, particularly wood and coal burning, played a predominant role in shaping the observed concentrations, explaining most of the winter dominance. The elevated levels of OPAHs and ketones in Dushanbe underscore the need for implementing local mitigation strategies to curb exposure and potential health risks. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the intricate interplay between mineral dust, combustion sources, and atmospheric chemical composition, contributing to the development of air quality management strategies, in regions prone to dust events.
Airborne particles in Yekaterinburg: An overview of ongoing research activities
Authors: Gadelshin Vadim
Published: October 2024

In the report an attempt to highlight ongoing research activities related to airborne particles in Yekaterinburg has been undertaken. The attention is directed to Institute of Industrial Ecology UB RAS, which atmosphere scientific program is the most extensive in the region. It consists of experimental studies, represented by monitoring and sampling of particulate matter, dust, and sand particles, with subsequent mass spectrometric analysis; it comprises theoretical methods of data processing and numerical simulations of spatiotemporal pollutant distribution. Because the impact of current studies spans beyond the Ural region, it seems to be noteworthy to exchange with other groups from Central Asia and around the world the information on where the potential cooperations can be established.
Exploring novel techniques for measuring and identifying minuscule dust particles in the atmosphere
Authors: Reymov Axmed , Turdimambetov Izimbet , Pirnazarov Nurnazar , Shaniyazov Shakhimardan , Absametova Durdana , Baymurzaev Azamat , Orazbaev Arislanbay , Usnatdinov Azamat , Tajetdinov Salamat
Published: October 2024

Dust microparticles are known to be bad for public health, we need automated and mobile devices that can quickly and accurately measure the chemical and dispersed makeup of solid pollution components. These devices should replace time-consuming sampling methods and separate methods for figuring out dust’s chemical and fractional makeup. The study aimed to develop and test new methodological, software, and instrumental approaches to monitoring particulate matter in the atmospheric air. A hardware-software complex is proposed that implements a two-stage scheme for recognising solid particles selected from atmospheric air according to the “from coarse to fine” principle. The laser diffraction method determines the total concentration of solid particles at the first stage. We use a miniature iMicro Q2 microscope with 800x magnification to obtain microphotographs of dust. The method shows vast possibilities for quickly establishing the composition and structure of dust, forming profiles of dust pollution, and assessing the contribution of the source to the formation of pollution. The obtained results enhance the correctness and accuracy of assessing health risks associated with dust exposure in atmospheric air.
Water household changes, climate change, and human impact – reasons for the dusty side of the Aral Sea Syndrome
Authors: Opp Christian , Groll Michael , Semenov Oleg , Shardakova Lyudmila , Kovalevskaya Yulia , Kulmatov Rashid , Normatov Inom , Aslanov Ilhom
Published: October 2024

The reduced water input into lakes and riverbeds is an initial reason for desiccated water bodies and their lacustrine and fluvial sediments. Under arid and semi-arid and even continental climate these dry sediments are a very important source of sand and dust storms (SDS) besides sources from deserts. These natural prerequisites, the ongoing climate change and predominately the land use caused water withdrawal from the main tributaries Amudarya and Syrdarya are the main reasons for the acceleration of SDS in the Aral Sea region. Long-term dust analyses between 2003 and 2012 have identified the deserts Karakum, Kyzylkum and the new desert Aralkum as the main source areas for SDS in the Turan Lowlands. Among the atmospheric dust and dusty depositions salty aerosols respectively sediments were identified. The Aral Sea Syndrome and its effects affect ecosystems, animals, plants and people. A case study from Kazakhstan showed that children are more affected by near-surface sand and dust storms than adults.
A regional modelling perspective on the impacts on Central Asia of dust emitted from the Aralkum, the desiccated lakebed of the Aral Sea
Authors: Banks Jamie R. , Heinold Bernd , Schepanski Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Over the past 60 years the desiccation of the Aral Sea has created a new desert in Central Asia, the Aralkum (Aral Desert), and with it a new source of desert dust aerosol. COSMO-MUSCAT regional simulations of the Central Asian dust life-cycle provide estimates of dust emission from the Aralkum region during the year of March 2015 to March 2016, indicating a near-doubling in its estimated late 20th century emissions into the 21st century, with estimates based on differences in surface water coverage. A consequence of this increase in dust emissions is a corresponding deterioration in air quality as particulate matter (PM10) concentrations increase. During the simulation year much of the Aralkum’s dust emissions are driven by westerly winds and hence areas of southern Kazahkstan to the east of the Aralkum would be particularly badly affected by its dust. In Uzbekistan, the WHO’s guidelines on maximum recommended daily average PM10 values are simulated to be exceeded on 29 days during the year in the city of Nukus, 8 days in the city of Bukhara, and 2 days in the capital city of Tashkent.
Recent activities for the dust storm studies in Central Asia
Authors: Belikov Dmitry A. , Rakhmatova Natella , Nishonov Bakhriddin , Shardakova Lyudmila
Published: October 2024

This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art technologies used to detect and predict sand and dust storms (SDS). SDS events typically occur when strong winds transport dry sand and dust particles from the ground. Several technologies have been developed to detect and predict SDS, with the goal of mitigating their impact on the natural environment and human well-being. Space-based monitoring relies on satellite remote sensing technologies. Satellite instruments have the advantage of providing rapid, largescale, and accurate data on surface and atmospheric resources and properties within a few days. An important resource for atmospheric research is reanalysis data, which provides long-term data sets that include a wide range of variables. Numerical modelling is a key tool for monitoring the sources of dust storms and studying the trajectories of dust aerosols.
Investigating impacts of dust events on surface temperature and atmospheric radiative forcing in Zanjan, Kuwait, and, Karachi
Authors: Jouzdani Afrooz , Bayat Ali , Khalesifard Hamid Reza
Published: October 2024

We studied the temporal correlation between the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and surface temperature during dust events at three locations in Southwest Asia. Dust events are characterized using AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data recorded at three sites: IASBS in Northwest Iran (2007 - 2021), Kuwait University (2008 - 2021), and Karachi in Southwest Pakistan (2010 - 2020). The AOD at 870 nm, Ångström Exponent (AE), and Aerosol Radiative Forcing (ARF) at the top and bottom of the atmosphere are obtained from the recordings of these stations. Dust events are specified subject to the conditions; daily averaged values of AOD > 0.35 and AE < 0.5. The surface temperature is obtained from the closest synoptic recordings to each station. The AOD and temperature showed negative correlations at the IASBS and Kuwait stations, where their minima happen almost two days after the dust event and the temperature drops down 2±0.3°C and 3±0.7°C at these stations, respectively. At Karachi station, a significant impact of dust events on the surface temperature has not been observed. This can be due to its geographical location, which is on the coast of a very large water reservoir, i.e. the Arabian Sea. It also has quite a large population.
Olivin geopolymer as a potential green sustainable dust control
Authors: Naeimi Maryam , Shobeirian Fatemeh Sadat , Haddad Abdolhosein
Published: October 2024

Alkali-activation materials (AAM) have been used to produce inorganic cements for over a century, as a means of valorizing wastes or industrial by-products derived from different commercial activities. Due to their potential benefits, research focused on its application as soil stabilizers. Among AAM, olivine was mentioned as the most influential one. Therefore, the current study reviews the potential application of olivine in geotechnical engineering by considering its application for sand movements mitigation due to wind erosion. However, in order to obtain the environmental aims, it is essential to use activators that were produced cleanly and sustainably in which two various activators have been used. The results of the present study indicated the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increment of soil samples treated using NaOH compared to KOH by the rate of 47 to 60% after 28 days. Moreover, raising the percentage of olivine by the rate of 2, resulted in the UCS of samples to be increased by more than 70%, while all the treated samples showed 100% protection to wind erosion. Hence, due to the regulations of the Department of the Environment by minimum strength of the stabilizers to be more than 200 kPa, the application of olivine was recommended to combat wind erosion.
Digital marketing strategy of Okiagaru Indonesia Agricoop’s organic radiason commodity in Cianjur district using the business model canvas (bmc) approach
Authors: Manalu Doni Sahat Tua , Sebayang Veralianta Br , Suharno  , Wicaksono Aditya , Nurdin Agus Ali
Published: October 2024

Okiagaru Indonesia Agricoop is one of the Farmer Youth Groups(KPT), which operates in the field of organic vegetable cultivation, located in Pacet District, Cianjur Regency. The 3.5-hectare land is utilized toproduce vegetables, which will be sold in restaurants, Japanese supermarkets, and local markets in Indonesia. The development of information technology in Indonesia is currently taking place quickly. It hasa significant impact on business actors, enabling them to more efficiently market their products globally via the internet. Thus, Okiagaru Indonesia Agricoop must develop its business towards digital for business continuity in the digital era. One analysis method that can be used for business development is the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach. The research objective is to analyze digital marketing strategies by creating websites thatcan be applied as an alternative development and solution to problems at Okiagaru Indonesia Agricoop using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach. The data collection method was that the research location was chosen purposively because Okiagaru Indonesia Agricoop is related toorganic radish commodities. The data used are primary and secondary data types. Determining the marketing strategy was carried out using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach. The research results were obtained based on the nine BMC elements consisting of customer segments,value proposition, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, essential resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure, which are summarized in one canvas showing that the application of digitalmarketing can increase revenue to provide benefits for Okiagaru Indonesia Agricoop.
Evaluating the latex yield of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis muel arg.) based on the ages of the plant and the time of tapping
Authors: Sugiarto Nourma Amalia , Budianto Bregas , Muliasari Ade Astri , Rochmah Hidayati Fatchur , Undang  , Meliala Merry Gloria , Wiraguna Edi , Dahliani Lili , Azhar Aidil
Published: October 2024

The yield of latex is strongly influenced by the tapping time and age of the plant. This study was conducted to evaluate the yield of latex obtained from different times of tapping and the age of the plants. The observation was conducted on the 15 and 11-year-old PB260 rubber clones, which were tapped at three different times: 5 am, 6 am, and 7 am with ten plant samples for each plant age and tapping time, respectively. In total, 60 plant samples were collected. The 15-year rubber clone produced a higher latex yield than the 11-year-old rubber clone. The 15-year-old plant produced 47 ml, 25 ml, and 21 ml when tapped at 5 am, 6 am, and 7 am, respectively. The 11-year-old rubber clone produced 29 ml, 23 ml, and 15 ml when tapped at 5 am, 6 am, and 7 am, respectively. 5 am was the best tapping time to produce a higher latex yield in the PB260 rubber clone.
Analysis of phytopathogenic micromycetes common in fruit trees and shrubs (the city of Samarkand as an example)
Authors: Norimova Guljakhon , Umurzakova Zebiniso , Rasulova Zebokhon
Published: October 2024

The study identified phytopathogenic micromycetes common on fruit trees and shrubs. The article was prepared on the basis of mycological analysis of herbarium data collected during planned expeditions. They grow Cydonia oblonga, Malus Domestica, Vitis vinifera, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica, Prunus Armeniaca, Prunus Domestica, Diospyros kaki, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Crataegus turkestanicum, Morus nigra, Juglans regia, etc. During the expeditions it was noted that that the above host plants are damaged by the orders Helotiales (10 species), Venturiales (6 species), Mycosphaerellales (4 species) and Pleosporales (4 species). Also identified were 2 species belonging to the orders Diaporthales and Botryosphaeriales and Pucciniales, and 1 species each belonging to the orders Dothidiales and Taphrinales. The article contains detailed information on the results of mycological and taxonomic analysis, host plants and phytopathogenic fungi. This information will be useful when compiling. As a result of morphological and microscopic analysis of the collected herbarium samples and analysis of the literature, it was established that 32 species of micromycete fungi are found in 18 plant species and are pathogenic. As a result of the analysis, it was established that 32 species of micromycete fungi belong to 2 sections, 5 classes, 9 orders, 15 families and 25 genera.
Global ESG fund evolution-an analysis of sustainable investment growth through comparison
Authors: Priya  , Sharma Kavita
Published: October 2024

Environmental, Social, and Governance, or ESG, is a crucial intangible assessing element for investorswho are socially conscious and responsible. They are taking into account a company’s contributions tothe environment, society, and law compliance in addition to traditional financial considerations including returns, risk, cash flow, and profitability. As an option for ESG investment, mutual funds offered with an ESG focus serves as the best alternative. This current study attempts to examine the growth of Indian ESG mutual funds relative to selective developed, developing, and underdeveloped economies all around the globe. This Study finds the Indian Mutual fund industry has grown in the lastcouple of years, Yet the country is still in the infancy stage with respect to the number of ESG funds incomparison to developed countries. However, in terms of Returns Indian ESG mutual funds are performing admirably. Moreover, the research makes it abundantly clear that India has to do more to educate investors about the sustainability of their investments, as this will eventually encourage ESG investments.
The challenge of contemporary architecture didactics: Designing in dialogue with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Fallacara Giuseppe , Costantino Dario , Cavaliere Ilaria
Published: October 2024

The change of technological conditions in the field of architecture is a rapid and constant phenomenon that forces architects of all ages to always be alert and updated. The inability to understand the phenomena surrounding us translates into the inability to control them and the risk of quickly becoming obsolete and losing contact with reality. Contemporary architects must be aware: they must possess a strong knowledge of history and tradition but at the same time they cannot ignore contemporaneity, technology and all those new tools that are inevitably altering their profession. For this reason, it is important to develop a new teaching method, in which students are provided with theoretical and practical notions that help them design by combining the most common skills with the use of innovative means, first of all generative artificial intelligence – which represents the greatest technological revolution since the advent of the internet. Students must learn to dialogue with AI, control it and rework its outputs within a new multidisciplinary and stratified process, developing a critical awareness that makes them "augmented" architects ready to face the challenges of contemporary architecture. As research group we accepted the challenge and the responsibility of developing a new teaching system: during the architectural design laboratory of the Polytechnic of Bari we used it to help students develop their year's projects.
Improvement of Bone Metabolism in Prepubertal Girls with Turner
Syndrome Following Long-term Pegylated Growth Hormone Treatment
Authors: Gao Xinying , Cao Bingyan , Chen Jiajia , Liu Meijuan , Peng Yaguang , Gong Chunxiu
Published: October 2024

The study aims to assess the improvement in bone metabolism in prepubertal girls
with Turner Syndrome (TS) after long-term polyethylene glycol recombinant human
Growth Hormone (PEG-rhGH) treatment. A 12-month longitudinal prospective study
was conducted with 28 prepubertal girls diagnosed with TS. Participants were
divided into two groups: 18 received PEG-rhGH therapy (0.1–0.25 mg/kg/week) and
10 did not. Anthropometric measurements, bone turnover markers (BTMs), and serum
levels of IGF-1, calcium, and phosphate were collected at baseline and after 12
months. BTMs included bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), Type I collagen
propeptide (CICP), Type I collagen telopeptide (CTX), and fibroblast growth
factor 23 (FGF23). After 12 months of PEG-rhGH therapy, the treatment group
showed significant increases in growth velocity (GV) and height standard
deviation scores (HtSDS). Serum IGF-1 levels increased rapidly within one month
and remained elevated. BTMs indicated enhanced bone formation, significantly
increasing BAP and CICP, while CTX levels remained low. FGF23 levels initially
rose slightly but declined below baseline by 12 months. Elevated blood phosphate
levels were observed. PEG-rhGH therapy in children with TS significantly
improves linear growth and enhances bone formation markers, benefiting bone
metabolism.
Successful Regenerative Endodontic Therapy of a Dens Evaginatus Mandibular Second Premolar with an Acute Apical Abscess and Extensive Periapical Bone Loss: A Case Report
Authors: DeMayo Francesco J. , Seagroves Jackson T. , Komabayashi Takashi
Published: October 2024

Regenerative endodontics is a rapidly growing field within dentistry that aims to replace damaged tooth structures and cells of the pulp–dentin complex. This case report presents the successful management of an immature permanent second mandibular premolar with an acute apical abscess and extensive apical bone loss caused by a dens evaginatus. This tooth was unexpectedly treated with long-term calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) that was replenished several times over 6 months. During the treatment process, this tooth became reinflamed developing a chronic apical abscess after resolution of the initial acute apical abscess, which resulted in the replacement and prolonged use of Ca(OH)2. The final regenerative procedures were completed using a bioceramic fast set putty placed directly over the blood clot and an occlusal composite restoration. At the 6-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with a fully healed radiographic lesion, new periodontal ligament, and the apex closed with thickening of the mesial and distal aspects of the root. At the 15-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic with continued evidence of radiographic development of the apical aspect of this tooth, displaying root end closure and thickening. This is a unique case report of the management of a complex infection process in an immature tooth with regenerative techniques with repeated and long-term use of Ca(OH)2. This novel report provides dental practitioners with a new potential protocol for the management of these immature cases with advanced periapical infections that require extensive disinfection to have successful outcomes.
Connecting the Dots on Female Digital Health Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnson Carol , Tafuto Barbara
Published: October 2024

Identified barriers to care for common, chronic conditions that impact millions of females suggest that patient education is critical to improving the care experience, expediting a diagnosis, and elevating outcomes. This article aims to understand the efficacy of digital patient education interventions on patient outcomes, specifically those addressing common causes of chronic abnormal uterine bleeding, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and endometriosis. We queried MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for articles published in English between January 1, 2014, and May 1, 2024, on digital patient education and urogenital diseases. The search identified 260 articles, 247 of which were retrieved for title and abstract review, 27 of which were retrieved for full-text review, and 25 of which were excluded. Two studies were included in this review. Both studies were individual-/community-level interventions involving digitally delivered patient education. Participants had received a diagnosis and were engaged in accessing care when enrolled, and each study was conducted at a single site. Both interventions produced positive results. Despite the potential of digital health education to improve patient outcomes, limited research in this field underscores the need for further studies to validate interventions and address gaps in knowledge.
Management of Multiligament Knee Injuries Using Anatomic Autograft Reconstructions: A Case Series
Authors: Guerot Maxime , Boukebous Baptiste , Chanteux Lucas , Bouhali Haroun , Rousseau Marc-Antoine , Maillot Cédric
Published: October 2024

While proven effective management of multiligament knee injury (MLKI) using allograft is often reported, it has shown an increased risk for graft failure compared with autograft and raises availability and cost issues. Osseous stock preservation and tunnel convergence avoidance led us to develop a compromise innovative surgical procedure using only ipsilateral autograft for anatomic reconstruction of Schenck III-L or higher MLKI. We report the description and early outcomes of our initial experience. Our strategy consisted of an anatomic single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadriceps tendon autograft and a “Versailles” reconstruction for the posterolateral corner, which we modified to reconstruct the anterolateral ligament in case of anteromedial rotatory instability, called “full lateral.” A second-stage surgery was planned for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft. Outcomes were Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores for functional status, Short Form 12 (SF-12) for quality of life, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Complications, full weight-bearing, return to work, and sport were also computed. Between March 2019 and August 2020, 10 patients were included. At follow-up, light pain was found in nine patients with a mean VAS of 1.2 ± 2.16 during the day. The mean Lysholm, Tegner, and subjective IKDC scores were good, with 61.2 ± 20.6, 2.8 ± 2.1, and 52.6 ± 20.4, respectively. However, quality of life was altered with poor SF-12 scores. In our first 10 patients with Schenck III-L or higher MLKI, our procedure using only ipsilateral autograft enabled correct daily knee functional activities while preserving osseous stock.