bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Direito como um ramo da Moral: desvio ou ápice da teoria de Ronald Dworkin?
Authors: Ferreira Lopes Ziel
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, analiso a tese do Direito como um ramo da Moral de Ronald Dworkin. Discuto se ela representa um desvio com relação aos pressupostos antes assumidos pelo autor, ou se seria o ápice de sua teoria, dando plena consequência a seus pressupostos e integrando os resultados de maneira harmoniosa. Para tanto, é importante entender por que Dworkin chegou aÌ€ visão "unissistemática" de A raposa e o porco-espinho. Depois, é preciso analisar bem essa visão e avaliar se ela não compromete a autonomia do Direito. Por fim, resta saber qual a nova agenda de pesquisa que ela colocaria para o debate jurídico contemporâneo.
Usabilidad y prospectiva del aprendizaje a distancia en Formación Profesional determinado por la competencia digital
Authors: Moreno-Guerrero Antonio-José , López-Belmonte Jesús , Pozo-Sánchez Santiago , López-Núñez Juan-Antonio
Published: May 2021

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación han entrado de lleno en la sociedad y, por ende, en la Formación Profesional. El objetivo del estudio es identificar y predecir la incidencia de la competencia digital en el uso del aprendizaje en línea en el profesorado de Formación Profesional. El método de investigación es de tipo descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo, en una muestra de 627 docentes de la geografía española. Los datos han sido recopilados por medio de un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran un déficit competencial en diversas áreas de la competencia digital, algo que afecta directamente en la aplicación del aprendizaje en línea, aunque los niveles en las áreas de información y alfabetización digital, en la resolución de problemas y en las destrezas de comunicación y colaboración pueden marcar el uso del método e-learning por parte del profesorado.
MRI of perinatal HIV infection in the era of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Titova M. A. , Rozengauz E. V. , Fomina M. Y. , Voronin E. E.
Published: May 2021

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New approaches to non-invasive diagnosis of pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Lesko K. A. , Bordin D. S. , Kulezneva Y. V. , Varvanina G. G. , Vinokurova L. V.
Published: May 2021

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The 9 October 1963 Vajont Catastrophe from the Point of View of the WWSSN-LP Recordings of the TRI-117 Station, Trieste, Italy
Authors: Parolai Stefano , Sandron Denis , Rebez Alessandro
Published: May 2021

In this study, we analyze the seismic signal generated by the 1963 Vajont catastrophic landslide recorded at the Worldwide Standardized Seismographic Station Network-Long Period station of Trieste (Italy). The landslide (nearly 260–270  million m3) invaded an artificial reservoir designed for electrical production, and generated a 220 m high wave that flowed over the dam and claimed the lives of approximately 2000 people. The original seismograms have been digitized and analyzed using time–frequency tools and numerical simulations. The results indicate that a seismic signal comparable to that generated by an Ms 3.7 earthquake was generated by the landslide. Furthermore, the calculated nearly 2×1014  J of frictional energy, considering the known parameter of the mass movement, is compatible with a friction coefficient of 0.29, in excellent agreement with the values from previous studies. The seismic efficiency that we calculate (1.12×10−4–4.45×10−4), also taking into account available data on the landslide, is within the range of values previously noted in literature. Finally, via the numerical simulations and adopting an ad hoc crustal model for the area, the origin time of the event is estimated at 21 hr 41 min 42 s UTC. The results confirm the importance of the re-analysis of analog seismograms with modern tools within a multihazard context.
Metodología para la reducción de tiempos en la adquisición de suministro en empresas del sector eléctrico.
Authors: Rodríguez Viloria Bryan , Grisales Peñaloza Daniela , Almanza Acendra Luis , Medina de León Patricia , Barrera Maldona Sebastián , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo, se usaron algunas herramientas de calidad para identificar dificultades presentadas en el área de suministros de una empresa constructora en el sector eléctrico, se tomaron como referencias artículos y revistas científicas relacionadas al suministro en el área eléctrica y sobre todo que aspectos relevantes se han tenido en cuenta para llevar la investigación a cabo. En primera instancia se elaboró una entrevista a algunos trabajadores de empresas de este sector donde se seleccionaron algunas de las causa que ocasionan el problema, como segundo paso se utilizó el diagrama de Ishikawa en el cual se identificaron las posibles causas y fenómenos que causaron el problema en el área de suministros, Después se utilizó el diagrama de Pareto con las causas identificadas en las anteriores herramientas, así se identificó los pocos vitales que representan el 80% de la frecuencia, ya con los pocos vitales identificados se emplea una tabla de frecuencia para llegar a la causa principal del problema en el área de suministros, en el cual la causa identificada fue exceso de pasos en los procesos y así se concluyó con la recomendación de la metodología a seguir para la reducción de tiempo en la adquisición de suministro.
Identificación de principales causas de contagio del Covid-19
Authors: Altamar Chacón Katty , Monsalve Villarreal María , Vásquez Hoyos Daniela , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: May 2021

El ministerio de salud es una entidad que tiene como función coordinar con las áreas y las entidades adscritas y vinculadas a la gestión de asuntos internacionales y de cooperación del sector de la salud. Teniendo en cuenta esta entidad, podemos definir el COVID-19 como un virus que surge de manera periódica en distintas partes del mundo, que afecta principalmente el sistema respiratorio, además de que le puede dar a cualquier persona, sean bebés, niños, jóvenes, adultos y adultos de la tercera edad. De acuerdo con la entidad, el Atlántico fue uno de los departamentos que avanzó  rápidamente con índices de afectados por COVID-19, en el mes de Julio, ya teníamos 52.313 casos activos. Ya en el mes de agosto, el índice de activos fue de unos 59.101 casos. Y Actualmente los casos en el mes de octubre fueron de 68.621. La ciudad de Barranquilla es uno de los lugares de los cuales no cuenta con una preparación para este nivel de afectaciones, puesto que se está viendo afectado e involucrado la salud mental de aquellas personas profesionales de la misma área, debido a su alto índice y poca prevención al comienzo del contagio de este virus. La organización mundial de la salud fue una de las entidades que hablo sobre el mismo tema dando recomendaciones necesarias para prevenir y evitar la propagación de esta enfermedad, con el objetivo de lograr la disminución del registro de afectados.

No conformes con todos estos casos, actualmente se maneja la desinformación para muchas personas, el mal manejo de los medios hace que las personas obtengan un mal manejo de la enfermedad, no sabiendo que esto es uno de los principales factores para el mejoramiento tanto emocional como el de la salud.
Nutrient Content of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. Grown on Some Local Lignocellulosic Wastes
Authors: AKYÜZ Mehmet , İNCİ Şule , KIRKBAĞ Sevda
Published: May 2021

The aim of study as to determine the effects of some composts on the nutritional value of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. The energy, dry matter, moisture, crude protein, fat, ash, organic matter, and nitrogen free extract were 311.3-313.9 (kcal 100 g-1), 91.8-92.5, 7.5-8.2, 27.3-38.6, 1.5-1.9, 5.3-6.4, 35.9-46.8 and 86.0-87.1 (g 100 g-1) of dry weight, respectively. The contents of polymeric substance were determined 13.6-16.2% of cellulose, 20.4-21.8% of hemicellulose and 0.1-0.3% of lignin. It was observed that the crude fat, energy, lignin and hemicellulose contents of P. pulmonarius were not statistically significant depending on the substrates used in the culture (p>0.05), but there were variations in other nutrients (p
Overview of 254 mild cases of COVID-19 in Bangladeshi cohort: a cross-sectional observation
Authors: Zahan Tahmina , Nasir Morshed , Perveen Rawshan Ara , Akhtar Afzal , Rahman A. F. M. Mohibur , Farha Nadia , Chowdhury A. S. M. Salauddin
Published: May 2021

Background: The first recognition of a cluster of COVID-19 patients in China in late 2019, has become a major concern due to its greater transmissibility and vulnerability of the patient to turn to fever, cough, breathlessness, pneumonia then eventually severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support. But most of the affected patients get cured following mild symptoms and very only a few of them get hospitalized. The objective of the study was to observe the demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and biomarkers (hematological, inflammatory, hepatic, renal, and metabolic) of mild cases of COVID-19 infected patients admitted to the hospital during the peak four months of the pandemic.Methods: Age, sex, symptoms, comorbidities, and biomarkers (Hb%, WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet count, HCT(hematocrit), NLR(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, d-NLR derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, PLR(platelet-lymphocyte-ratio), d-Dimer, ferritin, CRP(C-reactive protein), PT(prothrombin time), INR(international normalized ratio), SGPT, S.creatinine, HbA1C of all rt-PCR positive mild cases were recorded in this retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital dedicated to COVID-19 at Dhaka, Bangladesh was done from 15th May to 9th September, 2020. Age, sex, symptoms, and comorbidities were compared by chi-square test and biomarkers were compared by one-way ANOVA. Results: Out of 254 cases 44 were female and 210 were male with a ratio of 1:4.77. Average age was 39.04. Largest population belongs to the 30-39 years of age range. Among the symptoms, anorexia (18.5%), fever (17.71%), and anosmia (16.9%) were most prevalent symptoms among the mild cases. However, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were predominant comorbidities. Mostly all the biomarkers were significant among groups (Hb%, Total WBC, neutrophil count, platelet count, HCT, NLR, d-NLR, d-Dimer, ferritin, CRP, PT, SGPT, creatinine, HbA1C except lymphocyte count, PLR, and INR. The severity of disease progression depends on the co-morbidity and hyper-responsiveness inflammatory or immunological biomarkers to predict.Conclusions: In mild cases of COVID-19 male predominance was more and the most affected group was 30-39 years. They suffered more from anorexia and fever and DM and HTN were common comorbidities. Mostly all the biomarkers were significant. Moreover, further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the number of mild cases and their prognostic features to develop and modify the treatment strategy and public health awareness time to time.
Addressing the Fiscal Costs of Population Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean, with Lessons from Advanced Countries
Authors: Pessino Carola , Ter-Minassian Teresa
Published: May 2021

This paper presents projections for 18 Latin America and Caribbean countries of pensions and health expenditures over the next 50 years, compares them to advanced countries, and calculates estimates of the fiscal gap due to aging. The exercise is crucial since life expectancy is increasing and fertility rates are declining in virtually all advanced countries and many developing countries, but more so in Latin America and the Caribbean. While the populations of many of the regions countries are still relatively young, they are aging more rapidly than those in more developed countries. The fiscal implications of these demographic trends are severe. The paper proposes policy and institutional reforms that could begin to be implemented immediately and that could help moderate these trends in light of relevant international experience to date. It suggests that LAC countries need to include an intertemporal numerical fiscal limit or rule to the continuous increase in aging spending while covering the needs of the more vulnerable. They should consider also complementing public pensions with voluntary contribution mechanisms supported by tax incentives, such as those used in Australia, New Zealand (Kiwi Saver), and the United States (401k). In addition, LAC countries face an urgent challenge in curbing the growth of health care costs, while improving the quality of care. Efforts should focus on improving both the allocative and the technical efficiency of public health spending.
Idea-Aesthetic Concept of the Writer in the Aspect of the Development of Modern Uzbek Literature
Authors: Kosimov Alijon Rakhmatovich , Kizi Iminova Xumora Mukhammadisa
Published: May 2021

The article examines the totality of the writer's ideas based on spirituality, culture, traditions, values, the way of life of ordinary people in harmony with nature in the light of historical events. Interest in the moral, spiritual aspects of the process is the main feature in understanding the originality of the master of the word.
PREVALENCE AND ETIOLOGY OF LOWER JAW FRACTURES
Authors: Gilmanova Guzel , Gasimzade Javid , Ksembaev Said , Gilmanov Anas
Published: May 2021

Subject. A review of the literature on the topical problem of maxillofacial surgery and dental surgery — the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures is presented. The aim of the study was to study the materials of publications on the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures.

Methodology. The publications of domestic and foreign authors, testifying to the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures, were studied.

Results. The publications confirm the tendency of an increase in the number of mandibular fractures. Fractures of the mandible are of polyfactorial origin.

The research results demonstrate the presence of a specific connection between fractures of the lower jaw and social (region of residence, socio-economic state, cultural characteristics, lifestyle, etc.), age and gender factors.

Conclusions. Fractures of the lower jaw prevail in the structure of fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton. The majority of patients are urban residents. One-sided fractures are most common.

The greatest number of mandibular fractures is recorded in the age group 21-30 years. At the same time, the youth age group is dominant here. A low incidence of fractures was noted in the elderly group.

Mandibular fractures are more common in men than in women in a ratio of ~ 4: 1, but the proportion of women with fractures of the mandible has recently been increasing.

Mandibular fractures are most common in the summer months, with Sunday dominating the days of the week.

Mandibular fractures can be caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, there has been an upward trend in the number of fractures caused by road traffic accidents in many countries. Female patients indicate a high incidence of violence against them. Falls are the most common cause of fractures in older people.

There is a definite relationship between the incidence of fractures and the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances.
BARRIERS RESPONSIBLE TO FEMALES’ LOW LITERACY AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL IN BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BARRIERS
Authors: Khan Falsafa Zareef , Kamran Muhammad , Saeed Abdul Ahad Roshan , Faizi Waqar Un Nisa
Published: May 2021

Abstract Purpose of the study: This study finds the barriers responsible for females’ low literacy in the Balochistan province of Pakistan at the primary school level. Methodology: Qualitative research design was applied to this study. Data were collected through the interview tool and were analyzed through a thematic analysis procedure. Results were given in the form of major themes and sub-themes. Main Findings: This study gave 4 major results, which were in the form of four major themes, i.e., lack of basic facilities, lack of qualified teachers, lack of enrolment, and financial constraints. The major themes were categorized into several sub-themes. Applications of this study: This study is beneficial and applicable in Pakistani society. It attracts the attention of the layman and government to focus on female education to make the females literate at the best level. Novelty/Originality of this study: The new aspect of this study was to show the barriers responsible for females’ low literacy. It is aware of the readers that lack of basic facilities, lack of qualified teachers, lack of enrolment, and financial constraints are the barriers to females’ low literacy. It also advances the existing knowledge and bridges the gap between past and existing knowledge.
Educação infantil e educação em direitos humanos: a construção de uma cultura de paz desde o nascimento
Authors: Santos Joedson Brito dos , Lopes Francisca Rodrigues , Santos Fernanda de Jesus
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo discute Educação Infantil e Educação em Direitos Humanos e tem como objetivo apresentar proposições relativas à defesa de que a educação em direitos humanos deve se configurar desde a educação infantil. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico que traz uma contextualização sobre direitos humanos, considerando avanços e retrocessos. A investigação estabelece uma relação entre direitos humanos e educação como possibilidade para pensar o direito à educação como caminho para educar para a paz. Além disso, discute a educação em direitos humanos como categoria potente para a construção de uma cultura dos direitos humanos e apresenta algumas considerações sobre isso, a partir da educação infantil. Conclui-se que o contato da criança, desde os primeiros anos de vida, com saberes, experiências, exemplos e atitudes que afirmam a dignidade do outro, os valores da igualdade e da diferença, da fraternidade e da coletividade, da liberdade e da ética, poderá trazer contribuições significativas para a construção de uma nova cultura.
A intervenção positiva do Estado no domínio econômico por meio da forma cooperativa
Authors: Bellato Kaluf Marco Aurélio
Published: May 2021

Este artigo propõe que a forma econômica cooperativa, no Brasil, seja um meio determinado pela Constituição Federal para que o Estado promova o equilibro socioeconômico. A intervenção estatal não pode se limitar a neutralizar falhas de mercado, mas pelo contrário, por ordem constitucional, é determinado ao Estado o dever de apoio e estímulo à forma econômica cooperativa para proporcionar mais uma ferramenta aos cidadãos para participar da livre concorrência. Dessa maneira, garante-se, como direito fundamental, que o cidadão tenha a possibilidade de se livrar da hipossuficiência e passar a ser agente no âmbito da livre concorrência, assim também atuando para a obtenção do bem-estar social comum.

Recibido: 15 febrero 2021Aceptado: 25 marzo 2021
Tierischer als jeder Tier1: as assembleias gerais digitais ou semipresenciais em cooperativas como controladoras de dados dos seus cooperados
Authors: Krueger Guilherme , Gonçalves Moreira Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Com propedêutica referenciada na personagem Fausto, de Goethe, uma correlação fenomenológica entre a gestão democrática das cooperativas e tecnologia da informação é feita com a abordagem das Leis brasileiras 13.709/18 e 14.030/20, respectivamente a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) e alteração na Lei Geral das Cooperativas (Lei 5.764/71) para previsão das assembleias gerais digitais ou semipresenciais. A correlação expõe uma instabilidade potencial entre a supremacia democrática manifesta em suas assembleias e o desempenho tecnológico marcado por densa normatividade regulatória.

Recibido: 28 noviembre 2020Aceptado: 06 enero 2021
Aeromonas hydrophila Infection on Culturing Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer) in Valaichennai Lagoon, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Authors: Devadason Chandravathany
Published: May 2021

Background: The floating cage cultured seabass (Lates calcarifer) at the site of Valaichennai lagoon in Batticaloa District, East coast of Sri Lanka was reported acute mortality within short period of stocking the fish in the cage. Methods: Present study was focused to study the aetiology that caused by infection on culturing sea bass at the site. Gross pathological and histopathological examinations were carried in moribund and naïve fishes. Bacteriological, mycological screening and antibiotic sensitive test for isolation of pathogen were carried out to find out the causes. Water quality, feed quality and their management were assessed at the time of disease outbreak. Result: Investigations primarily revealed that infection was initiated with the flooding due to heavy monsoonal season and sudden fluctuation in salinity. The gross pathological signs were change of skin colour, large irregular haemorrhages on the body surface, cloudy eye, ulcers on skin, lamellar fusion, fin rot and tail rot as well as histopathological findings such as necrosis in muscles, liver and kidney tissues, cyst formation by secondary infected pathogens proved that pathogen was bacteria. Gram staining also offered clear indication of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and, the particular pathogenic bacteria was confirmed as Aeromonas hydrophila through further analyses such as Oxidative test, Indole test and antibiotic sensitivity test. Antibiotic sensitivity test also point out that the Tetracycline as one of the effective antibiotics for the Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The improper feeding management and sudden salinity fluctuation pave the path for acute infection of A. hydrophila and ultimately lead to the high mortality in cage culture.
Rearing of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Characterization of its Gut Proteinases
Authors: Dhande R.S. , Mohril M.P.
Published: May 2021

Background: The genus Helicoverpa includes the Old-World species Helicoverpa armigera, Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) generally considered to be the most important species within group. It has been recorded on more than 200 host species in India and is most damaging to cotton, pigeon pea, cow pea, chick pea, ground nut, sorghum, pearl millet, tomato and many other crops of economic importance. H. armigera is being polyphagous pest with high reproductive and damaging potential, its suppression became difficult over past decade due to development of resistance to several chemicals. The current study was aimed to isolate and characterize the gut proteinases of Helicoverpa armigera. Methods: During the period 2016-2018, H. armigera larvae were collected from the field and reared on an artificial diet and maintained under controlled conditions in the laboratory at Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapith, Akola, India. The laboratory conditions were maintained at temperature 28±2oC, humidity 75±5% and 14:10 hours light: dark period. The gut proteinases were isolated and were estimated by Bradford method. The total Helicoverpa gut proteinase activity, trypsin like activity, chymotrypsin like activity and electrophoretic visualisation of proteinases were done. Result: Total Proteinases activity was found to be 2.10 U/gut. Trypsin like activity was found to be 1.89 U/gut and chymotryptic activity was observed as 1.81 U/gut. The trypsin like activity was slightly more than chymotryptic activity.
Distopies in today’s ceramic art: The example of EFE Turkel’s ‘Magna mater series ’
Authors: Yelmen Fevziye
Published: May 2021

In this study, ceramic artist EFE Turkel’s ‘Magna Mater’ series will be analysed using the phenomenological method in the context of the concept of dystopia. Whether there is a spatial belonging to utopia is a phenomenon that has been debated by philosophers. In other words, the question of whether utopia is a place to live is part of these discussions. On the other hand, with utopia, there is also the concept of dystopia, which is handled with an almost dialectical approach, spatialised as an inhabitable and impossible place. The concept of dystopia, used by John Stuart Mill in 1868, was encountered especially in literary works. When the concepts of dystopia and utopia are evaluated in the context of life experiences, it can be said that the starting point of the concept of dystopia is based on a previously experienced life practice. While utopia is the reciprocal of idealisation, dystopia is, on the contrary, built on the imperfect. Dystopia as an artistic phenomenon that takes place within the existentialism of mankind. It represents a place that does not exist in the mind of the viewer, but on the other hand, this non-existent place is also another not yet experienced place of an experienced place. Since dystopia emerges as a contradiction to the concept of utopia, the first examples are critical, and in the later examples the introversion and unhappiness that the artists live in their production and inner world are dominant. These thoughts have been featured in novels such as Fahrenheit 451 and Brave New World. In addition, the dystopic city image created in the movie Metropolis and some scenes depicted in the 1984 novel are examples of this. Edvard Munch’s The Scream, Henry Moore’s sculptures and Benjamin Peret’s Automata photographs are among the known examples. The works of artists such as Kannar Lichtenberger, Hoffmann Ruan and Alison Ruttan can be shown as examples of dystopic approaches in today’s ceramic art.

Keywords: Utopia, dystopia, ceramic, Art, EFE Turkel.
Metinler Arası İlişki Bağlamında Orta Çağ Tarih Yazımında İktibas Yöntemi ve Bilgi Deformasyonu
Authors: KÜTÜK Ahmet
Published: May 2021

Her dönemin olduğu gibi Orta çağ tarih yazıcılığının da kendine özgü bir yazım üslubu vardır. Genellikle iktibas usulüne dayalı bu üslup, kendinden önceki müelliflerin yazdıklarından ilham alarak yeni eserler vücuda getirmeyi öngörür. Orta çağ yazarlarının, bu kontrolsüz iktibas alışkanlıkları tarih yazımında benzer tekrarlara ve bilinçli/bilinçsiz bilgi deformasyonlarına sebep olmuştur. Müellifin etik algısı, beğenilme kaygısı, dini, etnik ya da coğrafi aidiyetleri bir önceki kaynaktan alınan bilgilerin nasıl servis edileceği noktasında önemli belirleyicilerdir. Dönemin baskın ideolojisi ya da iktidarı, çoğu zaman aynı olay veya durumun kendi çağına uydurulması noktasında tarihçinin iştahını kabartmıştır. Bu makalede, orta çağ tarih yazıcılığının temel karakteri ve dönemin kaynaklarında geçen bilgi tekrarları ele alınacak, bu vesileyle bizzat tarihçi eliyle bilginin özünde meydana getirilen deformasyon örnek metinler üzerinden incelenecektir.
Yahudi Nüfus Problemi ve İsrail Devleti’nin Yahudi Karakteri
Authors: KURT Menderes
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İsrail’in kurulması ve varlığını sürdürmesi noktasında temel taşlardan biri olan “nüfus/demografi” olgusunun günümüzde aldığı halin, İsrail politikası üzerinde hâlihazırda ve yakın gelecekte yaratığı/yaratabileceği ihtimalleri analiz etmektir. Siyonizm’in ilk dönemlerinden itibaren misyon edindiği Filistin’de kurulacak devletin demografik anlamda çoğunluğu sağlama amacına (Yahudi karakterde bir devlet) ulaşmış olmasına rağmen 2018-2019 yılı İsrail nüfus verileri ışığında bu olgunun değişmeye başladığı ve yakın gelecekte bütün Filistin bölgesi göz önüne alındığında, Filistinli (Arap) nüfusunun Yahudi nüfusunu geçeceği tahmin edilmektedir. İsrail devletinin oluşumu ve varlığını sürdürme noktasında temel taşlarından biri olan devletin demografik anlamda Yahudi çoğunluğunu sağlama ve koruma misyonu tehdit altındadır. Bu minvalde çalışma, devletin ulusal güvenliğiyle bağlantılı nüfus olgusunda yaşanan değişim sonucu İsrail, devletin Yahudi karakterini korumak için hem vatandaşlık temsilinde hem de devletin sınırları noktasında Yahudileştiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu noktada “Yüzyılın Anlaşması” ve “Yahudi Ulus Devleti Yasası” gibi gelişmeler, Arap nüfusundaki artışın yükünü kaldırmakta zorlanan devletin hem fiziksel/sınır hem de vatandaşlık manasında bir homojenleşmeye (Yahudileşme) gittiğinin ve kendisini keskin bir şekilde Filistinlilerden soyutlama isteğinin göstergeleridir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, tarihsel olarak İsrail’in nüfus politikası ve günümüz verileri ışığında İsrail’in nüfus sorununa eğilmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Osmanlı'nın Çöküşü: Ortadoğu’da Büyük Savaş 1914-1920, Eugene Rogan, Çev. Özkan Akpınar, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2017. 477 sayfa.
Authors: DEMİR Vecdi
Published: May 2021

Eugene Rogan'ın Osmanlı'nın Çöküşü Ortadoğu’da Büyük Savaş 1914-1920 başlıklı kitabı Osmanlı Devleti'nin son yıllarını, bilhassa 1.Dünya Savaşı'ndaki performansına odaklanıyor. Rogan kitapta savaşın tarafları olan ülkelerin kaynaklarının yanında Türk tarihçilerinin çalışmalarından da geniş ölçüde yararlanmıştır. Savaşın sadece çarpışmalar, cepheler bölümünü değil aynı zamanda insan hikâyeleri üzerinden beşerî ve demografik boyutunu irdeleyen Rogan'ın kitabı, Osmanlı'nın 1.Dünya Savaşı'nda hangi ölçülerde bir güç olduğunu ortaya koymakla birlikte, diğer tarafların da karşılaştırmalı bir panoramasını sunmaktadır.
Zinner syndrome in children
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ayryan E.K. , Yatsyk S.P. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Marchuk T.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gurskaya A.S. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tarzian A.O. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Кhvatynets N.A. ,   G.N.Speransky City Children’s Hospital No 9 Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rostovskaya V.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

In this article, we report three cases of Zinner syndrome (renal agenesis or renal dysplasia, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst, and seminal duct obstruction) in children of different age and describe their diagnosis and treatment. All patients have undergone kidney and bladder ultrasonography, renal scintigraphy, and cystoscopy. Two children have also undergone contrast-enhanced computed tomography; one child has undergone magnetic resonance imaging. A 6-month-old patient with a large cyst and clinical manifestations of infravesical obstruction and chronic constipation was operated on. He has undergone diagnostic laparoscopy and cyst removal; seminal duct atresia was confirmed intraoperatively. Key words: Zinner syndrome, renal agenesis, seminal vesicle cyst
Dinitrophenol poisoning in pediatric practice
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Aleksandrovich Yu.S. , Pshenisnov K.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kaziakhmedov V.A. ,   N.F.Filatov Children City Clinical Hospital No 5, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Lodyagin A.N. ,   Saint Petersburg I.I.Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Batotsyrenov В.V. ,   Saint Petersburg I.I.Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Udaltcov M.A. ,   N.F.Filatov Children City Clinical Hospital No 5, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Sudnitcyn V.V. ,   N.F.Filatov Children City Clinical Hospital No 5, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Storozhuk O.D. ,   N.F.Filatov Children City Clinical Hospital No 5, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Poisoning is one of the main reasons for children entering intensive care units and is associated with a high risk of death in the development of life-threatening conditions. On the example of the clinical case, the features of the course of acute cerebral insufficiency of metabolic genesis in a seventeen-year-old adolescent against the background of enteral administration of dinitrophenol are considered. The main intensive care measures that made it possible to achieve the fastest possible stabilization of the condition are reflected. The algorithm of differential diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury is presented, which can be used in all cases of acute liver failure of unknown origin. Special attention is paid to the need for the earliest possible recognition and targeted pathogenetic treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Conclusion. The distinctive feature of this case was the severe course of acute dinitrophenol poisoning in an adolescent with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which regressed against the background of the treatment with the patient's complete recovery. Key words: favorable outcome, children, dinitrophenol, intensive care, poisoning
Foci of nosocomial measles in Russia in the years 2011–2019
Authors:   G.N.Gabrichevsky Moscow Scientific Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tsvirkun O.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Tikhonova N.T. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Moscow Scientific Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Turaeva N.V. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Moscow Scientific Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gerasimova A.G. ,   G.N.Gabrichevsky Moscow Scientific Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Objective. To identify the main causes of nosocomial measles outbreaks and factors that caused stable secondary transmission of this infection in healthcare institutions. Materials and methods. We analyzed 336 nosocomial measles outbreaks according to the data from 1521 ‘Reports of epidemiological investigation of measles cases…’ registered between 2011 and 2019. We performed operational and retrospective epidemiological analysis, as well as evaluation and descriptive analysis. Results. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that nosocomial measles outbreaks were registered every year with the number of reported cases ranging from 7 (in 2011) to 105 (in 2018). Most frequently, outbreaks were registered in infectious disease hospitals (32%) and departments for infectious diseases in multidisciplinary hospitals among patients with acute respiratory viral infections (28.1%). Less frequently, measles was diagnosed among patients treated in other hospital departments, dispensaries (18.6%), admission departments (11.8%), and polyclinics (9.5%). The factors that contributed to the emergence of nosocomial measles outbreaks included no alertness for measles among doctors and poor epidemic prevention and control in hospitals. Conclusion. To reduce the incidence of nosocomial measles, it is necessary to ensure that patients admitted to hospitals (nonemergency hospitalization) and caregivers have information about measles vaccinations. It is also important to increase the vaccination coverage among healthcare professionals and promote compliance with sanitary and epidemiological control measures in hospitals. Key words: vaccination, nosocomial outbreaks, measles
Efficacy and safety of a topical gel containing ammonium glycyrrhizinate for the treatment of varicella in children
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Melekhina E.V. , Soldatova E.Yu. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pogorelova O.O. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Muzyka A.D. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Usenko D.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The search for new effective and safe medications for external therapy of varicella in children remains highly relevant. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a topical gel containing ammonium glycyrrhizinate for the treatment of varicella in children. Patients and methods. This study included 32 patients with varicella aged between 4 and 9 years. Study participants were randomized into two groups: patients in the experimental group received topical therapy with ammonium glycyrrhizinate, whereas patients in the control group received topical therapy with a medicine containing calamine and zinc oxide. Results. Patients in the experimental group demonstrated faster recovery than in control group: they had shorter period of new rash, shorter duration of rash on the mucous membranes; on day 4, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with local edema and hyperemia in the area of rash; there was also a reduction in itching during the entire observation period, while patients in the control group had worsening of itching on days 5 and 6; we observed a 2-day reduction in the duration of secondary bacterial infection of rash. In the experimental group, there was a decrease in the proportion of patients with fatigue and its duration (to 4 days), as well as faster restoration of appetite compared to control group. Conclusion. Our findings allow us to recommend the gel containing ammonium glycyrrhizinate for effective topical therapy of varicella in children. Key words: ammonium glycyrrhizinate, varicella, glycyrrhizic acid, children, topical therapy
Оценка корреляционной связи между результатами исследования образцов плазмы крови доноров-реконвалесцентов, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию COVID-19, в тест-системах «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-SARS-CoV-2-G (S)», «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-SARS-CoV-2-G-количественный» и в реакции нейтрализации
Authors: Матвеева Елена , Макарова Ирина , Фисенко Наталия , Обрядина Анна
Published: May 2021

Проведена работа по оценке корреляционной связи между результатами исследования образцов плазмы крови доноров, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию COVID-19, в тест-системах «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-SARS-CoV-2-G (S)» и «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-SARS-CoV-2-G-количественный» производства ООО «НПО «Диагностические системы» (г. Нижний Новгород), и в реакции нейтрализации (РН). В качестве объектов исследования использовали 49 образцов плазмы крови доноров-реконвалесцентов COVID-19 с установленным титром вируснейтрализующих антител (ВНА) для каждого образца.

По результатам исследования была установлена статистически значимая корреляция между титром антител класса G к SARS-COV-2 в иммуноферментном анализе (ИФА) и титром ВНА, а также значениями оптической плотности (ОП), коэффициента позитивности (КП) в ИФА и титром ВНА в плазме крови доноров при использовании тест-системы «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-SARS-CoV-2-G (S)». Коэффициент корреляции Спирмена составил 0,948 и 0,837 соответственно, при уровне значимости р<0,0001. Чувствительность и специфичность тест-системы «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-SARS-CoV-2-G (S)» при тестировании образцов от потенциальных доноров гипериммунной плазмы составили 100% и 85,7% соответственно, по критерию титра антител ≥1600, и 100% и 91,4% по критериям ОП ≥3,000 (КП ≥ 9,6).

Установлена статистически значимая корреляция между концентрацией антител класса G к SARS-COV-2 в тест-системе «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-SARS-CoV-2-G количественный» и титром ВНА в плазме крови доноров. Коэффициент корреляции Спирмена составил 0,854. Для этой тест-системы установлена концентрация антител класса G к RBD-домену Spike-белка, соответствующая ВНА в титре ≥1/160, которая составила 150 ЕдС/мл (BAU/ml).
A BMP/Activin A Chimera Induces Posterolateral Spine Fusion in Nonhuman Primates at Lower Concentrations Than BMP-2
Authors: Seeherman Howard J. , Wilson Christopher G. , Vanderploeg Eric J. , Brown Christopher T. , Morales Pablo R. , Fredricks Douglas C. , Wozney John M.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Supraphysiologic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 concentrations are required to induce spinal fusion. In this study, a BMP-2/BMP-6/activin A chimera (BV-265), optimized for BMP receptor binding, delivered in a recombinant human collagen:CDHA [calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite] porous composite matrix (CM) or bovine collagen:CDHA granule porous composite matrix (PCM), engineered for optimal BV-265 retention and guided tissue repair, was compared with BMP-2 delivered in a bovine absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) wrapped around a MASTERGRAFT Matrix (MM) ceramic-collagen rod (ACS:MM) in a nonhuman primate noninstrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF) model.

Methods:

In vivo retention of 125I-labeled-BV-265/CM or PCM was compared with 125I-labeled-BMP-2/ACS or BMP-2/buffer in a rat muscle pouch model using scintigraphy. Noninstrumented PLF was performed by implanting CM, BV-265/CM, BV-265/PCM, or BMP-2/ACS:MM across L3-L4 and L5-L6 or L3-L4-L5 decorticated transverse processes in 26 monkeys. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, where applicable. Manual palpation, μCT (microcomputed tomography) or nCT (nanocomputed tomography), and histological analysis were performed following euthanasia.

Results:

Retention of 125I-labeled-BV-265/CM was greater than BV-265/PCM, followed by BMP-2/ACS and BMP-2/buffer. The CM, 0.43 mg/cm3 BMP-2/ACS:MM, and 0.05 mg/cm3 BV-265/CM failed to generate PLFs. The 0.15-mg/cm3 BV-265/CM or 0.075-mg/cm3 BV-265/PCM combinations were partially effective. The 0.25-mg/cm3 BV-265/CM and 0.15 and 0.3-mg/cm3 BV-265/PCM combinations generated successful 2-level PLFs at 12 and 24 weeks.

Conclusions:

BV-265/CM or PCM can induce fusion in a challenging nonhuman primate noninstrumented PLF model at substantially lower concentrations than BMP-2/ACS:MM.

Clinical Relevance:

BV-265/CM and PCM represent potential alternatives to induce PLF in humans at substantially lower concentrations than BMP-2/ACS:MM.
Autocrine S100B in astrocytes promotes VEGF-dependent inflammation and oxidative stress, and causes impairment of neuroprotection
Authors: wang xuebao , yu he , liu leping , chen baihui , feng shuya , ding saidan
Published: May 2021

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is strongly associated with neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of the induction of inflammatory response in MHE astrocytes remains unclear. In this study, we further investigated the effect and mechanism of S100B, predominant isoform expressed and released from mature astrocytes, on MHE-like neuropathology in the MHE rat model. We discovered that S100B expressions and autocrine were significantly increased in MHE rats and astrocytes isolated from MHE rats. Furthermore, we found that S100B stimulates VEGF expression via the interaction between TLR2 and RAGE in an autocrine manner. S100B-facilitated VEGF autocrine expression further led to a VEGFR2 and COX-2 interaction, which in turn induced the activation of NFƙB, eventually resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress caused by MHE astrocytes. Compared to WT astrocytes, impairment of MHE astrocytes supported neuronal growth in co-culture. To sum up, comprehensive-understanding of the impact of S100B-overexpressed MHE astrocyte on MHE pathology may provide insights into the etiology of MHE.
A Practical Questionnaire and Literature Review: Dose Suzuki Grading Still the Gold Standard for the Diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease?
Authors: Wei YanChang , He ShiHao , Liu ZiQi , Tan CunXin , Qin ShuSen , Wang Rong
Published: May 2021

The traditional grading method of moyamoya disease represented by Suzuki grading system has always been the gold standard for most neurosurgeons in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease. However, in recent years, more and more studies have raised questions about Suzuki grading. The purpose of this study is to describe and summarize the questions raised about the Suzuki grading and reconsider its authority, using a questionnaire and literature review. The questionnaire showed that 73.61% of neurosurgeons had questioned the Suzuki grading, among which the main problems included "unclear boundaries between grades" and "inconsistent grading between the left and right cerebral hemispheres". From December 1969 to March 2021, 105 of the 773 references raised the same questions as in the questionnaire, and 27 of the 773 references raised different questions. Some of the questioned studies hope to take multiple imaging methods into consideration for grading of moyamoya disease, and some of the studies hope to include more quantifiable imaging indicators and establish a new grading system for moyamoya disease. In summary, the clinical utility of the Suzuki grading has been questioned by most neurosurgeons and some researchers, part of the research put forward some pertinent opinions.
Synergetic Effect of Potassium Persulfate and Iron Oxalate on Photodegradation of Para-Arsanilic Acid
Authors: Tyutereva Yuliya E. , Sherin Petr S. , Polyakova Evgeniya V. , Grivin Vyacheslav P. , Plyusnin Victor F. , Shuvaeva Olga V. , Xu Jing , Wu Feng , Pozdnyakov Ivan P.
Published: May 2021

The p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) is widely used in agriculture as a food additive to control parasites. It leaves the body almost unchanged and is subsequently destroyed by environmental factors with the formation of toxic forms of inorganic arsenic. UVA irradiation of p-ASA with the addition of the Fe(III) oxalate complex leads to an effective degradation of the target compound. However, this method needs high concentrations of reagents and the keeping high [oxalate]:[Fe(III)] ratio to maintain proper efficiency of Fe(III) oxalate system. In this work, to overcome these problems, potassium persulfate (PS) was used as an additional oxidizer to improve Fe(III) oxalate system. It was found that the sulfate radical produced upon PS activation reacts readily with both neutral and monoanionic forms of p-ASA yielding corresponding organic cation radical, bimolecular rate constants are (7.3 ± 0.6)×109 and (2.4 ± 0.4)×109 M− 1s− 1, accordingly. Addition of PS allows one to reduce the working concentration of oxalate and achieve the complete degradation of both p-ASA and organic byproducts to the less toxic inorganic As(V) up to 3 ppm of initial p-ASA concentration. Also the proposed approach demonstrates efficiency even for low (< 0.5 ppm) concentrations of p-ASA.