bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spreading and penetration dynamics of ink drops upon impacting a permeable textile
Authors: Guo Chunfang , Yang Rui , Liu Changwan , Wang Xinhou , Yang Wenlong , Sun Xudong , Liu Kui
Published: July 2024

The interaction between ink drops and permeable textiles is complicated but crucial for textile inkjet printing. To address this, a modified model was developed in the current research by employing the volume of fluid method. The capillary force and the flow resistance were taken into account in the momentum equation, enabling the simulation of both spreading and penetration of ink drops upon impacting a textile. The evolutions of drop morphology, pressure distribution, and velocity field were investigated. An interesting finding is the entrapment of air bubbles with higher internal pressure at the intersection of warp and weft yarns due to the flow difference in the axial and radial directions of a yarn. To explore the influence of critical factors, parametric study was further conducted by varying impact velocity, drop diameter, and ink viscosity. Results show that increasing impact velocity enhances both the spreading and penetration of ink drops. The increase in drop diameter leads to a larger maximum spreading ratio but a smaller penetration ratio, as the penetration dynamics in the numerical model is independent of drop size. Additionally, ink drops with a higher viscosity display reduced spreading and penetration within the textile, primarily due to the rise in flow resistance and energy dissipation.
Semi-analytical analysis of nonlinear liquid sloshing in rectangular tanks with scaled boundary finite element method
Authors: Zang Quan-Sheng , Liu Jun , Zhang Bei , Qin Lei , Ye Wen-Bin , Bordas Stéphane P. A.
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel semi-analytical model for nonlinear liquid sloshing response of two-dimensional (2D) liquid storage tanks in the context of the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). The potential flow in the tank is governed by the 2D Laplace equation, with the free surface considered as a nonlinear boundary condition. To trace the motions of the liquid-free surface, the semi-Lagrange (SL) method is employed, and two Cartesian coordinate systems are established, including a fixed inertial system and a moving system. Meanwhile, a fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) algorithm is employed for achieving updates of the physical variables and their gradients. A scaled boundary coordinate system is established, encompassing circumferential and radial directions. Within this framework, the SBFEM equation in form of second-order ordinary differential equation is derived by using the weighted residual method. Subsequently, a dual variable comprising nodal potential and flux, along with an eigenfunction expansion method, is introduced into the solution procedure. The proposed approach combines the strengths of both boundary element and finite element methods, requiring only boundary discretization for numerical simulation, thus reducing the spatial dimension by one, and the solution possesses analytical properties in the radial direction. Importantly, the proposed SBFEM model does not require a fundamental solution, eliminating the need for treating singular integrations, as is common in traditional boundary element method. Numerical examples confirm the superior computational accuracy, convergence rate, and efficiency of our method compared to other numerical approaches. The method exhibits insensitivity to the time step selection and the computational accuracy can be further improved by increasing grid density or element order. Moreover, numerical experiments on U-shaped aqueducts demonstrate its applicability to analyzing nonlinear liquid sloshing in non-rectangular containers. Additionally, installing obstacles inside the container can significantly alter the liquid sloshing response, with vertical dimension changes exerting a greater influence than horizontal ones.
Measurement of spin-polarized photoemission from wurtzite and zinc blende gallium nitride photocathodes
Authors: Levenson S. J. , Andorf M. B. , Dickensheets B. D. , Bazarov I. V. , Galdi A. , Encomendero J. , Protasenko V. V. , Jena D. , Xing H. G. , Maxson J. M.
Published: July 2024

Spin-polarized photoemission from wurtzite and zinc blende gallium nitride (GaN) photocathodes has been observed and measured. The p-doped GaN photocathodes were epitaxially grown and activated to negative electron affinity with a cesium monolayer deposited on their surfaces. A field-retarding Mott polarimeter was used to measure the spin polarization of electrons photoemitted from the top of the valence band. A spectral scan with a tunable optical parametric amplifier constructed to provide low-bandwidth light revealed peak spin polarizations of 17% and 29% in the wurtzite and zinc blende photocathodes, respectively. Zinc blende GaN results are analyzed with a spin polarization model accounting for experimental parameters used in the measurements, while possible mechanisms influencing the obtained spin polarization values of wurtzite GaN are discussed.
Effects of turbulence integral scale on the fluctuating pressures on side face of the standard tall building model
Authors: Du Shubi , Li Mingshui , Ni Liangrui , Yang Xiongwei
Published: July 2024

The turbulence integral scale significantly impacts the fluctuating pressures on buildings, but current wind tunnel tests do not adequately simulate this scale, potentially leading to structural hazards. In four turbulence flows, measurements are taken on a CAARC-scaled model (a standard tall building proposed by the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council). These flows, approximately of the same intensity (12%) but with different integral scales, are generated using a uniform grid to explore the turbulence integral scale's influence on the side surfaces' fluctuating pressures. The results indicated that the fluctuating pressure coefficients increase with the ratio of turbulence integral scale to model thickness Lux/D, while the mean pressure coefficients are minimally affected by the turbulence integral scale. A larger turbulence integral scale imparts more energy but does not change the energy distribution. The power spectrum and the aerodynamic admittance of fluctuating pressure exhibit a peak around the vortex-shedding frequency. An empirical model of aerodynamic admittance that considers this peak and the ratio of turbulence integral scale to model thickness Lux/D is proposed to correct the simulated errors in wind tunnel tests. Although the simulated root mean square (RMS) of fluctuating pressure coefficients deviates by up to 26% and 37% when the simulated integral scale is approximately 0.26 and 0.40 times the target scale, respectively, the error margin of the modified RMS remains within 5%.
Characterization of a graphene-hBN superlattice field effect transistor
Authors: Choi Won Beom , Son Youngoh , Park Hangyeol , Jeong Yungi , Oh Junhyeok , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Jang Joonho
Published: July 2024

Graphene provides a unique platform for hosting high quality 2D electron systems. Encapsulating graphene with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to shield it from noisy environments offers the potential to achieve ultrahigh performance nanodevices, such as photodiodes and transistors. However, the absence of a bandgap at the Dirac point presents challenges for using this system as a useful transistor. In this study, we investigated the functionality of hBN-aligned monolayer graphene as a field effect transistor (FET). By precisely aligning the hBN and graphene, bandgaps open at the first Dirac point and at the hole-doped induced Dirac point via an interfacial moiré potential. To characterize this as a submicrometer scale FET, we fabricated a global bottom gate to tune the density of a conducting channel and a local top gate to switch off this channel. This demonstrated that the system could be tuned to an optimal on/off ratio regime by separately controlling the gates. These findings provide a valuable reference point for the further development of FETs based on graphene heterostructures.
Prediction of cavity length: Dimensionless group identification through neural network and active subspace method
Authors: Xu Bo , Yang Kuang , Hu Hongfei , Wang Haijun
Published: July 2024

The prediction of cavity length is very important for identifying cavitation state. This paper introduces a sophisticated framework aimed at predicting cavity length, leveraging the combination of neural network architecture with the active subspace method. The model identifies the dominant dimensionless group influencing cavity length in hydrofoil and venturi. For hydrofoil, a linear, negatively correlated relationship is found between cavity length and its dominant dimensionless number. Conversely, for venturi, an exponential, positively correlated relationship is identified. Using the found dominant dimensionless number to predict the dimensionless cavity length, the average relative errors are 0.146 and 0.136, respectively. The expression of the dominant dimensionless number, combined with the input parameters, is simplified into structural and physical functions, thereby significantly reducing the dimensionality of input while increasing the average relative error to 0.338. This study enhances the understanding of data-driven cavitation features and offers guidance for cavitation control and prevention.
Effect of phase correction produced by trimming layer on thin-film bulk acoustic resonator
Authors: Lin Re-Ching , Zhang Dapeng , Huang Wei-Sheng , Chen Zheng-You , Sun Shih-Jye
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the influence of trimming layer thickness on the performance characteristics of thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs). By adjusting the thickness of the trimming layer, we aimed to optimize the resonant (fs) and antiresonant frequencies (fp), which are critical for the filter's performance in blocking or passing specific frequency bands. Employing theoretical modeling and experimental validation, we explored how variations in the trimming layer thickness affect the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt2) and the overall energy efficiency of FBARs. The study also considered the impact of piezoelectric layer thickness on the effectiveness of these adjustments, revealing that thinner piezoelectric layers are more sensitive to changes in the trimming layer, enhancing the tuning capability for high-frequency applications. Our results confirm that reducing the trimming layer thickness increases both resonant and antiresonant frequencies, with a more pronounced effect on the latter, suggesting a significant phase correction effect from the trimming layer, resulting in the quality Q factor reductions. Our experimental results show that as the trimming layer thickness increases from 200 to 300 nm, the Q factor increases by 11%, while kt2 decreases by 4%. This research provides critical insights into the design and optimization of FBARs, offering guidelines that can help advance the development of more efficient and effective RF components for future mobile communication technologies.
Dung Beetle on a Roll
Authors: Severgnini Sandra
Published: July 2024

Bigger is not always better. Sometimes the smallest of creatures can have the biggest impact … even with dung!

Explore the fascinating and incredibly important role that tiny dung beetles play in our environment. From pushing dung balls that can weigh up to 50 times more than they do, to recycling nutrients in our soil, these beetles are really quite exceptional!

Written and illustrated by the award-winning Sandra Severgnini, Dung Beetle on a Roll is a delightful encounter with these small but important beetles.

Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 5 to 9.
Perspectives on progression of transboundary disease, one health and ecosystem health management in the Greater Mekong Subregion and beyond
Authors: Windsor Peter Andrew
Published: July 2024

Livestock production in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) reflects the inefficient smallholder ‘keeper’ system that has been slow to adapt to the rapidly expanding demand for animal protein-sourced foods in the region as urban economies have flourished and food preferences altered. The prolonged surge in demand, with only modest increases in local production, has increased the movement of animals and products into and from the GMS, accompanied by surging risks of transboundary animal disease (TAD) incursions, including the one health (OH) threats of zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance. As a consequence, the region has been subjected to epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), new strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus, with recent incursions of African swine fever (ASF), lumpy skin disease (LSD), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and risks of peste petits ruminants (OPR) occurring in Southeast Asia (SEA) and beyond. These incidents reflect inadequate biosecurity, a sustainability issue that was clearly of relevance in the covid-19 pandemic, reflecting ecosystem health (EH) deficits, including land-use issues and unregulated trading in wildlife-sourced and poorly processed foods through the predominant ‘wet markets’. These challenges are increasingly confounded by slow adaption to the impacts of the climate crisis, including flooding, drought, crop failures and hypothermia episodes. The increase in animal and product movements enhances disease transmission risk, yet coincides with emerging concerns of greenhouse-gas emissions (GHGe) from livestock production, especially from large ruminants, as the world attempts to find pathways in managing the climate crisis. Despite the prolonged collaborative efforts of the SEA China FMD program from 1997 to 2023, a recent review confirmed persistent deficits in biosecurity, vaccine resourcing, disease surveillance, engagement of farmers, and national emergency disease-response capacities. A major project is about to fund major improvements in livestock value chains in Cambodia, including more effective biosecurity, surveillance and emergency disease-response capacities for TADs, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and zoonoses. Similarly, a private-sector investment in Laos has developed a more climate-resilient livestock-feeding system that decreases GHGe impacts from ruminant production. These developments are likely to extend beyond both countries and be potentially transformational for the livelihoods of many of the poorest citizens in the region.
Term circulation and connotation
Authors: Humbert-Droz Julie
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the connotations that terms from the field of particle physics acquire when they
determinologise. Based on a study performed on a comparable corpus composed of texts that represent various specialised,
semi-specialised, and non-specialised communicative settings in French, different types of connotations are identified. The
analysis sheds light on the diversity of positive and negative connotations terms can carry in semi-specialised and
non-specialised texts, and the multiple factors that can influence the emergence of these connotations are discussed.
Data imbalance bearing fault diagnosis based on fusion attention mechanism and global feature cross GAN network
Authors: Xu Xiaozhuo , Chen Xiquan , Zhao Yunji
Published: July 2024

As one of the important equipment of motor transmission, bearings play an important role in the production and manufacturing industry, if there are problems in the manufacturing process will bring significant economic losses or even endanger personal safety, so its state prediction and fault diagnosis is of great significance. In bearing fault diagnosis, it is a challenge to eliminate the effect of data imbalance on fault diagnosis. Generative adversarial network (GAN) networks have achieved some success in data imbalance fault diagnosis, but GAN networks suffer from sample generation bias when balancing samples. To solve this problem, fusion attention mechanism and global feature cross GAN networks is proposed. Firstly, the spatial channel fusion attention mechanism is added to the generator, so that the generator selectively amplifies and processes sample features from different regions, which helps the generator learn more representative features from a few categories; secondly, the global feature cross module is added to the discriminator, so that the discriminator efficiently extracts features from different samples, and improves its ability of recognizing the sample discrepancy; at the same time, in order to improve the model’s anti-noise ability, an anti-noise module is added to the discriminator to improve the efficiency of the model’s data imbalance fault diagnosis; finally, this paper’s method is validated by using two public bearing datasets and one self-constructed dataset. The experimental results prove that this method can effectively overcome the effect of data imbalance on GAN networks, and has a high accuracy rate in real industrial fault diagnosis tasks, what’s more, it proves that the method in this paper has a very good anti-noise performance and practical application value.
Research on fault diagnosis of rigid guide in hoist system based on vibration signal classification
Authors: Lu Xiang , Liu Zenghao , Shen Yucan , Zhang Fan , Ma Ning , Hao Haifei , Liang Zhen
Published: July 2024

The rigid guide is a crucial component of the mine hoisting system, which plays a role in guiding the smooth operation of the hoisting container in the process of mine hoisting. To address the issue of detection devices mounted on mobile equipment affecting normal production, this paper proposes to install the device inside the groove of the rigid guide, and directly collect the vibration signal of the rigid guide while the mine hoisting system is in operation. The collected vibration signals are preprocessed and subjected to fast Fourier transform. To fully extract the fault information hidden in the spectrogram, the vibration signals are transformed into a two-dimensional spectrogram in polar coordinates and used as a sample dataset for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) to achieve fault classification and identification of the rigid guide. Experimental studies on this method show that the accuracy of CNN in identifying rigid guide fault categories reaches 92.63%. Compared to the method of collecting vibration signals from mobile devices, the fault identification accuracy also exceeds 90%. By analyzing the vibration signals of the rigid guide, it is possible to determine whether there is a fault.
Temperature effects on the sheath-core bar interface of composite insulators: a molecular dynamics and DFT study
Authors: Xie Jun , Qiao Longyin , Liu Ziqian , Shi Xiaoyu , Huang Ping
Published: July 2024

The functioning condition of composite insulators is greatly influenced by the sheath-mandrel interface. In this work, the effects of temperature on the sheath-mandrel system are examined using molecular modeling, taking into account both density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD). The system’s interfacial free volume, HOMO/LUMO, number of hydrogen bonds, bond order, center-of-mass distance, and other characteristics define its degradation mechanism. The findings demonstrate that elevated temperatures have the potential to increase the interfacial free volume, the center-of-mass distance, and significantly reduce the number of hydrogen bonds. In addition, DFT simulations show that the bonding strength and non-bonding forces between the interfaces weaken with increasing temperature. High temperatures significantly boost the reactivity of the epoxy resin and silicone rubber chains, indicating that the system’s response with some intruders will be catalyzed by the temperature increase. This work looks at the temperature dependence of the sheath-core bar interface degradation from a microscopic perspective, which is important for enhancing the overall performance of composite insulators.
Photon-beam-inducing synthesis of a tunable porous graphene/Ti3C2T
x
heterostructure for energy conversion-storage system
Authors: Xia Maoyang , Liu Qianqian , Ning Jing , Wang Dong , Hao Yue , Zhang Jincheng
Published: July 2024

Flexible electronic device requires a novel micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) energy conversion-storage system based on two-dimensional (2D) materials to solve the problems of stiffness and complexity. Herein, we report a novel catalytic introduction method of graphene with adjustable porosity by high-energy photon beam. The graphene/Ti3C2T
x
heterostructure was constructed by electrostatic self-assembly, has a high cycle life (98% after 8000 cycles), energy density (11.02 mWh cm−3), and demonstrate excellent flexible alternating current line-filtering performance. The phase angle of −79.8° at 120 Hz and a resistance-capacitance constant of 0.068 ms. Furthermore, the porous graphene/Ti3C2T
x
structures produced by multiple catalytic inductions allowed ions to deeply penetrate the electrode, thereby increasing the stacking density. The special ‘pore-layer nesting’ graphene structure with adjustable pores effectively increased the specific surface area, and its superior matching with electrolyte solutions greatly improved surface-active site utilization. This work offers an alternative strategy for fabricating a 2D heterostructure for an MSC.
Telmisartan loaded lipid nanocarrier as a potential repurposing approach to treat glioma: characterization, apoptosis evaluation in U87MG cells, pharmacokinetic and molecular simulation study
Authors: Rout Sagar , Satapathy Bhabani Sankar , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Pattnaik Snigdha
Published: July 2024

The study explores anticancer potential of telmisartan (TS) loaded lipid nanocarriers (TLNs) in glioma cells as a potential repurposing nanomodality along with estimation of drug availability at rat brain. Experimental TLNs were produced by previously reported method and characterized. In vitro anticancer efficacy of experimental TLNs was estimated by MTT, confocal microscopy, and FACs analysis in glioma cells. Plasma and brain pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were also analysed by LCMS/MS. Spherical, nanosized, homogenous, unilamellar, TLNs were reported having desirable drug loading (9.5% ± 0.6%), negative zeta potential and sustained TS release tendency. FITC-TLNs were sufficiently internalized into U87MG cells line within 0.5 h incubation period. IC50 for TLNs was considerably higher than free TS in the tested glioma cell lines. Further, TLNs induced superior apoptotic effect in U87MG cells than TS. PK (plasma/brain) data depicted higher AUC, V
ss, MRT with lower Clt for TLNs suggesting improved bioavailability, in vivo residence and sustained drug availability than free TS administration. Docking studies rationalized in vitro/in vivo results as preferably higher binding affinity (docking score:12.4) was detected for TS with glioma proteins. Further, in vivo studies in glioma bearing xenograft model is underway for futuristic clinical validation of TLNs.
On Liouville type results for the stationary MHD in

R

3
Authors: Chae Dongho , Lee Jihoon
Published: July 2024

This paper is concerned with the Liouville type theorems for the steady incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. We establish that the solution to the steady MHD equations is identically zero under the integrability assumptions on (v, b). We show that, in particular, a combination of a strong integrability condition on the velocity of a fluid and a weak integrability condition on the magnetic field gives a sufficient condition on the Liouville type theorems. Furthermore, we show that the combination of the growth condition of the potential for the fluid velocity and the integrability condition for the magnetic field leads to the triviality of the solution.
Effects of trace oxygen on the self-oscillation of positive glow corona in nitrogen near atmospheric pressure
Authors: He Hengxin , Zhang Wanxia , Liu Lipeng , Luo Bin , Chen Ying , Zhang Shiming , Xiao Mian , Huang Yubin , Chen Shen
Published: July 2024

Positive glow corona is a stable and quasi-homogenous form of corona discharge with periodic current pulses, which appear in atmospheric plasma applications, high voltage apparatus, and grounded structures during thunderstorms. The debate on the seed electron source responsible for the pulsing nature of the positive glow corona has persisted for decades. This paper presents a numerical simulation study of a 1D coaxial positive glow corona in pure N2 with trace oxygen content ranging from 1% to 1 ppm. The reduction of oxygen content has been found to cause weaker glow current magnitude, longer time-to-crest, shorter oscillation periods, and more positive ion sheaths. As the trace oxygen decreases from 1% to 10 ppm, the dominant source of secondary electrons transits from both detachment and photoionization to photoionization only. As the trace O2 content drops from 0.1%, the dominant photoionization within the ionization layer transits from the photoionization of O2 molecules to the direct photoionization of N2 molecules. For high purity nitrogen, the detachment of O− dominates and the detachment of O2
− can be neglected. As the trace oxygen decreases from 1% to 10 ppm, the dominant molecules involving O− detachment transit from N2 and O to N2(A). The dominant ionization responsible for electron multiplication during the electric field recovery shifts from the direct ionization of O2 and N2 in 1% trace oxygen to the associative ionization between N2(A) and N2(a′) and the direct ionization of N2 in 1 ppm trace oxygen.
Single entanglement connection architecture between multi-layer bipartite hardware efficient ansatz
Authors: Zhang Shikun , Qin Zheng , Zhou Yang , Li Rui , Du Chunxiao , Xiao Zhisong
Published: July 2024

Variational quantum algorithms are among the most promising algorithms to achieve quantum advantages in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. One important challenge in implementing such algorithms is to construct an effective parameterized quantum circuit (also called an ansatz). In this work, we propose a single entanglement connection architecture (SECA) for a bipartite hardware efficient ansatz (HEA) by balancing its expressibility, entangling capability, and trainability. Numerical simulations with a one-dimensional Heisenberg model and quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) issues were conducted. Our results indicate the superiority of SECA over the common full entanglement connection architecture in terms of computational performance. Furthermore, combining SECA with gate-cutting technology to construct distributed quantum computation (DQC) can efficiently expand the size of NISQ devices under low overhead. We also demonstrated the effectiveness and scalability of the DQC scheme. Our study is a useful indication for understanding the characteristics associated with an effective training circuit.
Global optimization in variational quantum algorithms via dynamic tunneling method
Authors: Park Seung , Baek Kyunghyun , Lee Seungjin , Choi Mahn-Soo
Published: July 2024

We present a global optimization routine for the variational quantum algorithms, which utilizes the dynamic tunneling flow. Originally designed to leverage information gathered by a gradient-based optimizer around local minima, we adapt the conventional dynamic tunneling flow to exploit the distance measure of quantum states, resolving issues of extrinsic degeneracy arising from the parametrization of quantum states. Our global optimization algorithm is applied to the variational quantum eigensolver for the transverse-field Ising model to demonstrate the performance of our routine while comparing it with the conventional dynamic tunneling method, which is based on the Euclidean distance measure on the parameter space.
Promising porous spherical PbI2/poly-2-aminobenzenethiol nanocomposite as a photocathode for hydrogen generation from Red Sea water
Authors: Rabia Mohamed , Elsayed Asmaa M , Abdallah Alnuwaiser Maha
Published: July 2024

A highly efficient porous spherical nanocomposite photocathode, known as PbI2/poly-2-amino benzene thiol (PbI2/P2ABT), is created through a two-step reaction process involving the oxidation of 2-amino benzene thiol with iodine, followed by a double displacement reaction. The resulting nanocomposite displays outstanding morphology, comprising spherical particles with a diameter of 500 nm and featuring nanoscale porosity with pore sizes around 5 nm. Notably, the hydrogen production estimate reaches 9.6 μmole/h·10 cm2, a promising outcome attributed to the environmentally friendly and cost-effective use of natural Red Sea water. The quantification of hydrogen gas is accomplished by assessing the photogenerated carriers using the current density relationship. The calculated Jph value experiences a substantial increase to −0.122 mA.cm−2 compared to a minimal 0.07 mA.cm−2 in the absence of light. Furthermore, the optical assessment reveals exceptional Jph values under 340 nm, reaching 0.121 mA.cm−2, which extends to the visible spectrum with a value of 0.112 mA.cm−2. The remarkable features of this nanocomposite include its cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and scalability for mass production. These qualities collectively enable the conversion of Red Sea water into hydrogen gas, offering a practical and efficient solution aligned with eco-friendly and economically viable practices. This nanocomposite shows significant potential for advancing clean energy technologies and contributing to sustainable hydrogen production from natural water sources.
New solutions of the general elliptic equation and its applications to the new (3 + 1)-dimensional integrable Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Ali Ahmad T , Al-Khamaiseh Belal , Alkasasbeh Ahmad H
Published: July 2024

In this article, we introduce many new Jacobi elliptic function solutions to the general elliptic equation. Consequently, the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method is improved to accommodate the general elliptic equation and its new solutions for constructing exact traveling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). Moreover, the improved method is used to obtain new explicit solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional integrable Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. This method can be applied to many other NLPDEs as well for obtaining new exact solutions.
Near-infrared Sb2S3 metasurface with giant and tunable circular dichroism
Authors: Cui Ying , Han Xueyan , Jiang Huan , Wang Qiuyun , Liu Ya
Published: July 2024

Tunable circular dichroism (CD) is crucial for the development of chiral imaging, biosensing, and optical communication etc Herein, by employing the ultralow loss reversible phase-change materials Sb2S3, we achieved the giant and tunable CD signal in a chiral double-L array. Numerical results show that CD strength of the Sb2S3 metasurface can be over 0.9 in both amorphous and crystalline states. Strikingly, the resonant wavelength shift induced by the phase change of Sb2S3 reaches 93 nm, proving that the proposed metasurface possesses excellent tunability. In addition, the physical mechanism of the giant CD response is explained via multipole analysis. The proposed Sb2S3 metasurface capable of giant and tunable CD effect will facilitate the design of tunable dichroic devices.
Design of high-efficiency InP/InGaAsP diluted waveguide for edge couplers
Authors: He Wei , Jiang Zhongjun , Chen Jingwei , Wang Liang
Published: July 2024

To transition integrated optical communication devices from laboratory settings to practical applications, efficient coupling between optical fibers and chip waveguides remains pivotal. This paper presents a systematic design of a diluted waveguide, a key component in the edge couplers of photonic integrated circuits. The primary purpose of the diluted waveguide lies in facilitating superior edge coupling with fiber waveguides, thereby seamlessly integrating external light sources into the waveguide structure. To commence, we employ the transfer matrix and effective refractive index techniques to simplify the 3-dimensional diluted waveguide into 2-dimensional multi-layer slab waveguides. By computing the field distribution of the fundamental mode within the diluted waveguide, the fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiency can be derived using a simplified overlap equation and optimized diluted waveguide structure through particle swarm optimization algorithms. Consequently, we achieve a remarkable fiber-to-waveguide coupling efficiency exceeding 95% for TE-mode and 92% for TM-mode, with a polarization dependent loss (PDL) of merely 0.13 dB. Interestingly, the optimized diluted waveguide exhibits quasi-single mode behavior, as the fundamental mode containing 98% of the total energy propagates within it. Additionally, the diluted waveguide edge coupler demonstrates favorable alignment tolerance, with 1-dB excess losses of ±2.3 μm and (−2.5, +3) μm along the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Notably, our approach offers a versatile methodology for designing multi-layer waveguides across various materials. This method has the potential to be universally applied.
Unveiling the structural and optoelectronic properties of (P, Bi, Sb)-doped GaAs by first- principles calculations
Authors: López-Rendón María del Mar , Arellano-Ramirez Ivan D , Gil Rebaza Arles , Amaya-Roncancio Sebastian , Torres-Cerón Darwin A , Restrepo-Parra Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

In this work, we investigate the influence of M substitutions (M = P, Bi, and Sb) on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of gallium arsenide, GaM
x
As1-x
for

x
=
0
,

0.25
,

0.50
,

0.75
,

1.0

using density functional theory (DFT). We have observed that the cubic symmetry of the semiconductors in conserved, and lattice constants show a linear behavior with dopant concentration, according to Vegard’s law. Specifically, the lattice constants increased for Bi and Sb dopants, whilst decreased for P dopants. Furthermore, the bulk modulus decreased with an increase in M-concentration for all M-doped systems. The energy analysis showed that the P-doped system was the most stable system. In terms of the electronic band structure, all M-doped compounds exhibited a direct electronic band gap. The P-doped system showed a wide band gap, while the Sb-doped systems displayed a narrow band gap, both compared to pristine GaAs. The Bi-doped system showed metallic-like behavior. To gain insights into the linear optical properties of the GaM
x
As1-x
compounds, we calculated the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, as well as other optical parameters such as the absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and reflectivity. The results showed that P doping leads to a blue-shift in the optical absorption coefficient, while Bi and Sb doping lead to a red-shift. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for the potential application of GaM
x
As1-x
semiconductors in photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices.
Proximity-encirclement of exceptional points in a multimode optomechanical system
Authors: Fan Zheng , Long Dan , Mao Xuan , Qin Guo-Qing , Wang Min , Li Gui-Qin , Long Gui-Lu
Published: July 2024

Dynamic encirclement of second-order exceptional points (EPs) exhibits chiral state transfer; however, investigations into the dynamics involving multiple and higher-order EPs remain sparse. Here, we study the proximity-encirclement of EPs within a multimode optomechanical system to elucidate the closed-path evolution in high-order non-Hermitian systems. Our optomechanical framework presents three distinct EP scenarios: absence of EPs, presence of a pair of second-order EPs, and the existence of a third-order EP. We meticulously analyze the system’s dynamic behavior, considering variables such as initial state, loop orientation and velocity, loop starting point variance, and the number and order of encircled EPs during state transfer processes. The findings reveal that chiral or non-reciprocal state transfer can be achieved when a loop encircles a second-order EP with varying radii. Encircling two second-order EPs results exclusively in chiral state transfer. Furthermore, both chiral and non-reciprocal state transfers are observed within a single loop encircling a third-order EP. These phenomena in the context of multimode optomechanical systems provide a new approach for manipulating state transfer in higher-order non-Hermitian systems.
Development of a new 3-dimensional scintillating detector for patient treatment quality control in pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Frelin Anne-Marie , Daviau G. , Hoang Hoa Bui My , Fontbonne Cathy , Fontbonne Jean-Marc , Lebhertz Dorothée , Mainguy Erwan , Moignier Cyril , Vela Anthony , Thariat Juliette
Published: July 2024

In this work, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) scintillation system, whose fast response and high sensitivity allow the measurement of pencil beam (PB) characteristics (position, energy and intensity in terms of monitor units - MU) for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. The system consists of a 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 scintillator cube that produces visible light when irradiated with PBs. A high-speed camera records the scintillation distribution and a mirror positioned at 45° to the cube allows visualization of two orthogonal faces of the cube. The measurements demonstrated the ability of our system to measure beam characteristics for intensities as low as 2·10−3 MU in a single irradiation. Standard deviations of less than 300 μm were found for the X and Y PB positions, of approximately 150 keV for energy and of less than 5·10−3 MU for intensity. These measurements were then successfully used to verify the compliance of the PBs delivery with the treatment plan, thus making our system a fast and efficient verification tool.
Se-functionalized ZIF-8 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and disruption of biofilms and quorum sensing in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Gokhale Kunal M , Patravale Vandana , Pingale Rutuja , Pandey Pooja , Vavilala Sirisha L
Published: July 2024

The majority of research on nanomaterials has been concentrated on metal nanoparticles since they are easily made and manipulated. Nanomaterials have shown a wide range of applications in biology. Nevertheless, their bioactivity declines due to their extreme susceptibility to and novel Se@ZIF-8 by chemical method. The sizes and morphologies of Se (0) and Se@ZIFchemical and physical stimuli. The goal of encapsulating these nanomaterials in a matrix is gradually being pursued, which boosts their affordability, stability, and usability. Metal-organic frameworks, often known as MOFs, have the potential to be the best platforms for encapsulating metal nanoparticles due to their well-defined frameworks, persistent porosity, and flexibility in modification. In this investigation, we report the synthesis and optimization of polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Se(0) nanoparticles -8 were affected by the ratios of Se/Zn2+ and [hmim]/Zn2+ used. The optimized Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles exhibited a particle size and zeta potential of 319 nm and −34 mv respectively. Transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical morphology for Se(0) nanoparticles, whereas the surface morphology of novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles was drastically changed to hexagonal shaped structures with smooth surface morphologies in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DTA, TG/DTG, XRD analysis confirmed the presence of novel Se incorporated ZIF-8 nanoparticulate framework. The synthesized novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles showed efficient antibacterial activity as evidenced by low MIC values. Interestingly, these Se@ZIF-8 NPs not only inhibited biofilm formation in S. marcescens, but also effectively eradicated mature biofilms by degrading the eDNA of the EPS layer. It was validated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and SEM analysis. It was observed that Se@ZIF-8 targeted the Quroum Sensing pathway and reduced its associated virulence factors production. This work opens up a different approach of Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles as novel antibiotics to treat biofilm-associated infections caused by S. marcescens and offer a solution for antimicrobial resistance.
Extreme winter-spring drought in Southwest China in 2023: response to the phase transition from La Niña to El Niño
Authors: Wang Ling , Ma Shuangmei
Published: July 2024

During January–May 2023, an extreme prolonged drought dominates Southwest China, which caused a severely damage of local water availability, power supply and productivity in Yunnan Province. It is noted that the initiation and maintenance of this extreme drought was concurrent with phase transition from La Niña into El Niño. We demonstrate that this severe drought event was partly attributed to the relay influences of La Niña and El Niño evolution. The anomalous enhanced cyclone over the western North Pacific (WNP) associated with mature La Niña triggered anomalous downwards motion and reduced moisture supply to Southwest China, contributing to drought initiation. As the La Niña decay, the anomalous WNP cyclone gradually weakened in late winter and early spring. Moreover, the eastwards shifting of anomalous WNP cyclone intensified by the El Niño developing and maintained anomalous northerlies in this region. The preceding winter La Niña favored the prolonged MJO activities over the tropical western Pacific in late spring, which re-intensified anomalous WNP cyclone and aggravated drought in Yunnan. The local extreme droughts are a footprint over Southeast Asia, showing a few months predictability as a possible response to the transition from the phase of La Niña to El Niño. This is supported by the similar extreme droughts in history during phase transition from La Niña into El Niño.
On the GREM approximation of TAP free energies*
Authors: Sebastiani Giulia , Schmidt Marius Alexander
Published: July 2024

We establish both a Boltzmann–Gibbs principle and a Parisi formula for the limiting free energy of an abstract generalized random energy model which provides an approximation of the Thouless–Anderson–Palmer free energies associated to the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model.
Lozenge tilings of a hexagon and q-Racah ensembles
Authors: Duits Maurice , Duse Erik , Liu Wenkui
Published: July 2024

We study the limiting behavior of random lozenge tilings of the hexagon with a q-Racah weight as the size of the hexagon grows large. Based on the asymptotic behavior of the recurrence coefficients of the q-Racah polynomials, we give a new proof for the fact that the height function for a random tiling concentrates near a deterministic limit shape and that the global fluctuations are described by the Gaussian free field. These results were recently proved using (dynamic) loop equation techniques. In this paper, we extend the recurrence coefficient approach that was developed for (dynamic) orthogonal polynomial ensembles to the setting of q-orthogonal polynomials. An interesting feature is that the complex structure is easily found from the limiting behavior of the (explicitly known) recurrence coefficients. A particular motivation for studying this model is that the variational characterization of the limiting height function has an inhomogeneous term. The study of the regularity properties of the minimizer for general variational problems with such inhomogeneous terms is a challenging open problem. In a general setup, we show that the variational problem gives rise to a natural complex structure associated with the same Beltrami equation as in the homogeneous situation. We also derive a relation between the complex structure and the complex slope. In the case of the q-Racah weighting of lozenge tilings of the hexagon, our representation of the limit shape and their fluctuations in terms of the recurrence coefficients allows us to verify this relation explicitly.
From dual-unitary to biunitary: a 2-categorical model for exactly-solvable many-body quantum dynamics
Authors: Claeys Pieter W , Lamacraft Austen , Vicary Jamie
Published: July 2024

Dual-unitary brickwork circuits are an exactly-solvable model for many-body chaotic quantum systems, based on 2-site gates which are unitary in both the time and space directions. Prosen has recently described an alternative model called dual-unitary interactions round-a-face, which we here call clockwork, based on 2-controlled 1-site unitaries composed in a non-brickwork structure, yet with many of the same attractive global properties. We present a 2-categorical framework that simultaneously generalizes these two existing models, and use it to show that brickwork and clockwork circuits can interact richly, yielding new types of generalized heterogeneous circuits. We show that these interactions are governed by quantum combinatorial data, which we precisely characterize. These generalized circuits remain exactly-solvable and we show that they retain the attractive features of the original models such as single-site correlation functions vanishing everywhere except on the causal light-cone. Our framework allows us to directly extend the notion of solvable initial states to these biunitary circuits, and we show these circuits demonstrate maximal entanglement growth and exact thermalization after finitely many time steps.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of CF-reinforced epoxy composites through chemically surface modification of carbon fibers via novel two-step approach by addition of epichlorohydrin
Authors: Tutunchi Abolfazl , Ghodrati Tara , Taghizadeh Tabrizi Arvin , Osouli-Bostanabad Karim
Published: July 2024

The chemical surface modification was carried out in this study to improve the interface connection between carbon fiber (CF) and epoxy matrix to study the mechanical and fracture behavior of CF-reinforced epoxy composites. Finite element analysis was carried out by using ABAQUS software to simulate the variation of the tensile strength (TS), interfacial shear strength (IFSS), and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The chemical surface modification was carried out by the chemical oxidation by nitric acid and subsequently, addition of monomer resin of epichlorohydrin in a solution at 80 °C. The Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to ensure the successful surface modification of CFs. Subsequently, surface-modified CF-reinforced epoxy composites were prepared through the hand lay-up method with the volume fraction of 20 wt.%, and curing was carried out at 80 °C for 4 h. The TS, IFSS, and ILSS values equaled 462.82 MPa, 156 MPa, and 4.1 MPa for modified CF/epoxy composites were achieved, respectively, which are improved remarkably compared to unmodified ones (380, 81, and 2.9 MPa). These improvements are attributed to the successful surface modification of CFs by epichlorohydrin. The surface modification causes the increase in wettability of CFs and the formation of mechanical interlocking and interaction between CFs and epoxy matrix was achieved through uniform and homogenous distribution of epichlorohydrin on the surface of CFs. Fractography was carried out, which indicated the sound and uniform adhesion between CF and epoxy matrix. Achieved results are consistent with simulated results.