bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembentukan Fasa dan Suhu Genting Superkonduktor (Tl0.5Pb0.5)Sr2Ca(Cu2-xCrx)O7-δ (x = 0 - 0.100)
Authors: Yusrianto E. , Jannah A.N. , Abd-Shukor R.
Published: July 2021

Superkonduktor fasa (Tl0.5Pb0.5)Sr2Ca(Cu2-xCrx)O7-δ (Tl-1212) bagi x = 0 hingga 0.100 telah disediakan menggunakan kaedah tindak balas keadaan pepejal. Tujuan kajian ini ialah menentukan suhu optimum untuk pembentukan fasa Tl-1212 dengan komposisi ini. Sampel telah disediakan dalam aliran gas oksigen dalam tiga suhu berlainan iaitu 850 °C dalam kerajang perak selama 5 jam, dan 950 °C dan 1000 °C selama 4 min. Bahan telah diciri menggunakan kaedah pembelauan sinar-X untuk mengenal pasti fasa dan pengukuran rintangan elektrik (R) untuk menentukan suhu genting. Sampel yang dipanaskan pada 950 °C menunjukkan pecahan isi padu fasa Tl-1212 yang tertinggi (94% bagi x = 0). Sampel yang dipanaskan pada 1000 °C menunjukkan suhu genting yang tertinggi dengan x = 0.100 menunjukkan suhu genting mula, Tc mula tertinggi iaitu 102 K. Terbitan rintangan melawan suhu (T), dR/dT menunjukkan sampel yang dipanaskan pada 1000 °C (x = 0.015 - 0.100) mempunyai puncak yang hampir sama iaitu Tp1 = Tp2. Ini menunjukkan suhu kesuperkonduksian intrabutiran (Tp1) dan antara butiran (Tp2) berlaku adalah sama. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan suhu pemanasan 950 °C adalah suhu optimum untuk pembentukan fasa Tl-1212 sementara 1000 °C adalah suhu optimum untuk mendapatkan suhu genting tertinggi.
The Genesis of The Ecosystem Form of Production Organization in a Modern Economy: Factors and Results
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Karpinskaya Venera A. , Rybachuk Maksim A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The article identifies the factors that determined the position of companies implementing ecosystem strategies at the top of the ratings of the most expensive companies in the world. The influence of information and technological development on the evolution of production organization forms in the industrial and digital eras and the formation of enterprise strategies in these periods have been analyzed. It was found that the reduction in the cost of computing, storing information, transferring, and processing data by economic agents in the internet era led to a decrease in the volume of their transaction costs and also influenced the disintegration of some value chains and links of these chains. In the future, the creation of economic value not only by producers but also by consumers and the transfer of the created value by the latter to other consumers caused a subsequent decrease in the volume of transaction costs, which, in turn, led to the unification of producers and consumers in ecosystems. It is shown that platform ecosystems operate based on the “inverted firm” concept, i.e., a firm that can locate production outside the firm and use external labor due to network effects. This circumstance allows platform-type ecosystems to achieve a low production level and zero marginal costs and, accordingly, to scale the company at a high rate. It was revealed that the leadership in the costs of platform ecosystems is the main factor in their displacement from the market of enterprises of the traditional form of management.
Noise Exposure in Olive Harvest Mechanization
Authors: ÖZKUL Seçil , SÜMER Sarp Korkut
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the daily noise exposure levels in olive harvesting and to evaluate its effects on employees' health. The sound pressure levels (dBA) at the ear level of the employees were measured during olive harvest operations performed by hand-held, self-propelled and tractor-driven machines. It was determined that equivalent sound pressure levels and daily personal noise exposure levels at the operator ear level were in the range of 74-88 dBA and 66-82 dBA, respectively. These values for other employees ranged from 71 to 81 dBA and 65 to 75 dBA. It was determined that the hand-held and tractor driven machines driven by internal combustion engines had higher noise parameters compared to other machines, and the lower exposure action value was exceeded in these machines. The study showed that the health and work efficiency of the employees could be adversely affected, due to prolonged exposure during olive harvest activities.
Kahramanmaraş Koşullarında Arpada Çiçeklenme-Olgunlaşma Döneminde Bazı Fizyolojik Özelliklerin İncelenmesi
Authors: YÜRÜRDURMAZ Cengiz , KURT Ayşe , KARA Rukiye , AKKAYA Aydın
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışma, 2015-2017 üretim sezonunda, Kahramanmaraş Doğu Akdeniz Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü arazisinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 10 adet arpa genotipi (Akhisar 98, Martı, Lord, G158P003, Kral 97, Kendal, Altıkat, Bürküt, Troya ve Zeus) kullanılmış ve deneme tesadüf blokları planına göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Çiçeklenme döneminde bayrak yaprak alanı ve klorofil içeriği, çiçeklenmenin tamamlandığı dönemde bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı, tane doldurma döneminde net fotosentez hızı, stoma iletkenliği ve transpirasyon hızı ölçülmüş ve hasatta tane verimi belirlenmiştir. Bayrak yaprak alanı, net fotosentez hızı, stoma iletkenliği ve transpirasyon hızı yönünden genotipler arasındaki farklar önemli olmamıştır. Lord (41.23), Bürküt (42.49) ve Troya (41.96) çeşitleri en yüksek bayrak yaprak klorofil içeriğine, Lord (19.250C) çeşidi en düşük bitki örtüsü sıcaklığına sahip olmuşlardır. En yüksek tane verimi Troya (625.5 kg da) çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Tane verimi ile; transpirasyon hızı ve bayrak yaprak klorofil içeriği arasında olumlu ve önemli, stoma iletkenliği arasında olumsuz ve önemli ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.
Human Milk: Benefits, Composition and Evolution
Authors: Franco Lourdes , Serrano N , Terrón MP , Gómez MA , Rodríguez AB
Published: July 2021

Breastfeeding provides all the energy that the child needs in the form of nutrients in the first months of life. The components cover the nutritional needs in all stages, including colostrum and final or mature milk. It must also be taken into account that the composition of milk varies from one woman to another, between both breasts, between feedings and in the different stages in the same mother. It can be said that variation is an active mechanism to perfectly adjust to the nutritional and immunological needs of each child. Components of breast milk can exert beneficial non-nutritional functions. Breast milk also has bioactive factors, which affect biological processes and, therefore, have an impact on health. In the nutrition of premature babies, parenteral nutrition is carried out first, which later becomes enteral through different strategies, such as early minimal enteral nutrition. Despite this, they still present postnatal growth restrictions, which is associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes. Breast milk achieves multiple benefits in both preterm and term births. Digestion and absorption in the stomach and intestines follow circadian rhythms in mammals, and these rhythms are regulated by rhythmically expressed clock genes in the intestine, as well as by daily food intake.
Randomized Controlled Trials versus Single Cohort Studies in Relapse Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Sampalis John , Tomaras Dimitrios , Zuraik Christopher , Silotch Catherine , Trachy Richard , Stutz Melissa
Published: July 2021

Background: The Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is considered the gold-standard for the evaluation of treatment efficacy. For rare or end stage cancers for which there are no effective treatments, or the number of patients is sparse, the use of RCTs for the assessment of efficacy and safety may be difficult. In these circumstances the single cohort study (SC) can be considered as an alternative to the RCT. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the measures of efficacy as assessed with estimates of the Overall Response Rate (ORR) or Overall Survival (OS) obtained in RCT and SC studies that evaluate the same treatments for Relapse Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM). The study also compared the estimates of ORR and OS ratios between treatments estimated in RCTs and extrapolated in SCs for the same treatments of RRMM. Methods: The study utilized data from 42 RCTs and 47 SCs assessing 18 different treatment protocols for RRMM that were identified through a MEDLINE search. Results: The results showed that there were no material differences in the demographics of patients enrolled in RCTs and SCs. The estimates of ORR and OS obtained in RCTs and SCs were comparable. Statistically significant Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC = 0.618, P = 0.027) was observed for ORR and for OS (ICC = 0.734; P = 0.014) indicating good agreement between RCTs and SCs. Treatment effect size as measured by the ORR and OS ratios (new treatment / control) was ascertained directly from RCTs and extrapolated for SCs based on the control ORR and OS observed in RCTs. There was agreement between RCTs and SCs with respect to the magnitude and direction of the ORR ratios (91% of the studies) and the OS ratios (75% of the studies). With respect to the conclusion regarding the relative efficacy of the new treatment versus the control, there was agreement between RCTs and SCs for 8/11 treatments based on ORR ratios and for 6 / 8 based on OS ratios. Conclusions: The results of this study have shown that for RRMM single cohort studies can be used to assess the efficacy of new treatments, given that sufficient data are available on controls treatments used as standard of care. The results may have implications for the evaluation of treatments of rare and advanced cancers as well as other conditions.
Socio-demographic profile of drowning deaths in a rural region - An autopsy based study
Authors: Haridas S V  , Raut S M
Published: July 2021

Drowning is one of the forms of violent asphyxial death due to aspiration of fluid into air-passages, caused by submersion in water or other fluid. Fatal drowning cases are subjected to medicolegal autopsy. During autopsy, many times the findings are nonspecific and hence the diagnosis of drowning rests on combination of circumstantial evidences and autopsy findings. The purpose of this study is to analyze socio-demographic factors of drowning deaths in rural region and to suggest the preventive measures.

It is a five-year retrospective autopsy based study carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College and Hospital, Ambajogai Dist. Beed, Maharashtra, India from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 to study the various socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, seasonal distribution, education, marital status and residence in drowning deaths.

Predominance of males was seen i.e. 50 cases (58.8%). Age group 11-20 years was the most commonly involved i.e. 20 cases (23.5%). Maximum deaths were reported from well/pond 37 cases (43.5%). Least deaths (2.4%) were observed in post graduates. Maximum deceased were living in rural region i.e. 62 cases (72.9%).

Drowning deaths are commonly encountered in autopsy practice.It was seen commonly in males and in age group 11-30 years, in summer season and in well/pond. Students were more commonly involved. Maximum deceased were married and belonged to rural region. Proper safety precautions and water safety education can decrease incidence of accidental drowning.
Vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in urban slums of Bengaluru rural district, Karnataka
Authors: Patel Apoorva E , Srividya J  , Kumar D R Sunil
Published: July 2021

: Throughout the globe, vaccines have saved countless lives, improved health and wellbeing. Vaccine hesitancy at the individual and community level risks the public health consequences of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks.

1. To find out the proportion of vaccine hesitancy 2. To determine the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in urban slums of Bengaluru Rural District, Karnataka.

A community based cross sectional study was carried out in 8 urban slums of Bengaluru Rural District from August 2019 to September 2020. Children aged 0-59 months were primary subjects and mothers / primary caregivers of children 0-59 months were secondary study subjects. Data Collection was done using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire and by reviewing immunization cards. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. The association between Vaccine hesitancy and predictor variables was tested by using chi –square test.

Vaccine hesitancy was present among 75% of the mothers / primary care givers. Main Reasons for Vaccine hesitancy reported were fear of vaccination side effects, sickness of child, unaware of availability of vaccines, felt unnecessary to get child vaccinated, The present study reported delay in vaccination for the birth dose of BCG (66%), Hepatitis B (40%); OPV (9%). Vaccine hesitancy was found to be more in nuclear families, low socio-economic class, in female children, birth order of 3 or higher, among mothers who had primary education and are homemakers. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Among the characteristics of children, the gender of the child and birth order was found to be significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy.

One of the major reasons found in this study for Vaccine hesitancy was concern regarding safety. Therefore vaccination programmes and policies have to feature strong community engagement strategies to increase awareness about the vaccines and remove fears.
Microscopic analysis of compression injury over neck: One-year prospective study
Authors: Jiwane Ashok Subhash , Zine K U , Bardale R V
Published: July 2021

The present study was conducted in Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of a Government Medical College and Hospital in year 2017. Total 2781 postmortem examinations were conducted in 2017. Out of that total 2781 cases, 176 compression of neck cases came for postmortem and amongst these 105 cases were studied in detail as per inclusion criteria. Out of 105 cases of compression around neck, which were studied, there were 93 cases of hanging, 10 cases of ligature strangulation, 01 case of manual strangulation and 01 case of accidental strangulation studied. On gross in total 11 cases of strangulation hemorrhage in subcutaneous tissue, strap muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle observed and in only 20 cases of hanging there was hemorrhage observed in subcutaneous tissue and no hemorrhage observed in strap and sternocleidomastoid muscle in hanging cases. In this present study on histopathology vascular congestion and extravasation of red blood cells observed in 28 cases of compression of neck. These findings indicate the importance of histopathology of underlying neck structure in neck compression cases in documenting antemortem nature of hanging and strangulation in doubtful cases.
Temporomandibular joint and orthodontics –A contemporary review
Authors: V Mishra Shreya , Kulshrestha Rohit , Tandon Ragni , Chauhan Ashish , Chandra Pratik , Mishra Ankit , Shah Krina
Published: July 2021

The Temporomandibular joint is an atypical synovial joint that is dynamic in structure. A delicate balance between the musculature, the condylar cartilage and the bony structures is maintained for harmonious functioning of the joint. Over the years the role of occlusion in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been extensively debated, leading to many opinions and much controversy. The changes in the joint caused in response to orthodontic therapy as well the adverse reactions caused have been studied. The present article is a review on the effects of Orthodontic appliance therapy on the joint and the present modalities opted to treat the joint disorders.
Study of effect of normal occlusion and malocclusion on periodontal condition of diabetes mellitus patients in dental OPD (Orthodontics) at tertiary care centre, Patna, Bihar, India: A case-control study
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Prakash Ved , Rani Vibha , Ahmad Arshad , Sharma AK
Published: July 2021

: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which there is an abnormal elevation of blood glucose level. The periodontitis is recognized as the sixth complication of diabetes. The role of malocclusion in accelerating plague deposition is well known however in normal occlusion with well aligned teeth is less documented. So, the objectives of the study are to study the prevalence of periodontitis in diabetic patients with malocclusion and in normal occlusion and to study the effect of various determinants of diabetes mellitus if at all exists.

: It is case-control observational study. Two hundred (200) patients were included in the study from the dental OPD (Orthodontics) of Dept. of Dentistry, and from the Dept. of Endocrinology, Indira Gandhi institute of medical sciences, Patna, Bihar, India. The statistical analysis was done Microsoft office excel. The results were analysed in frequencies and percentages to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and occlusion in patients with diabetes mellitus and their effects on periodontium of the teeth.

The prevalence rate of severe destructive periodontal diseases (SDPD) in malocclusion group was 81.72% than in normal occlusion group with less prevalence rate of 55.21%.

The prevalence of severe destructive periodontal diseases in the uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in malocclusion group was more than in normal occlusion group, with maximum periodontium destruction observed during first between 1-5 years of detection of diabetes.
The verisimilitude of damon brackets versus damon archwires– The real hero
Authors: Shukla Priti , Khan Danish UZ Zama , Nagar Amit , Singh Shruti , Grover Nishi , Yadav Juhi
Published: July 2021

: The Damon passive self-ligating system introduced broad archwires and a passive clip with posterior expansion and with minimal tipping of the teeth.

To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Damon brackets and Damon arch wires in maxillary arch dimensional changes with that of conventional brackets and conventional archwires.

A total of 20 patients were selected for the study and randomly divided into 4 Groups with 5 patients in each group. Records (Study models) were taken before starting the treatment (T0) and at the end of leveling and alignment (T1) for all the 20 subjects. Pre-treatment (T0) and at the end of leveling and alignment (T1) study models were assessed for inter canine width, inter first premolar width and inter first molar width.

There was statistically significant increase in maxillary arch width in Damon system and conventional bracket with Damon archwires when compared to conventional bracket system and Damon brackets with conventional archwires.

The use of conventional or self-ligating brackets does not seem to be an important predictor of change in maxillary arch width in non-extraction patients. The amount of increase in arch width was due to Damon archwires and not because of Damon brackets.
Management of maxillary deficiency in a growing child with facemask therapy and RME- A case report
Authors: U Pooja , Aravind Naveen , S Alle Rajkumar , NK Lokesh , Trivedi Mayank
Published: July 2021

Class III malocclusion is one of the most difficult problems to treat. It has a multifactorial etiology involving both genetic and environmental causes. The dental and skeletal effects of maxillary protraction with a facemask are well documented in several studies. Although incorporation of expansion appliance along with facemask therapy can improve correcting both sagittal and transverse discrepancy of maxilla. The following case shows early treatment of a 9 year old boy with maxillary deficiency using an expansion screw along with facemask. Facemask therapy was followed by fixed orthodontic treatment to settle the occlusion. Treatment was completed after 14 months with positive overjet, class I molar and canine relationship on right and left side.
Meeting Potential Parents-In-Law and Introducing a Partner to Own Parents: Prospective and Retrospective Studies
Authors: Ciesielski Paweł , Janowicz Kamil
Published: July 2021

Parents-in-law are an important part of adult relationships. Contact with them may affect satisfaction and marital success of a married couple. Previous research shows that amount of contact with in-laws, support given by them and conflicts with them have a significant impact on the life of a couple. Little research has explored relationships of parents and parents-in-law with a couple before marriage. Even less is known about the beginnings of these relationships. This research consists of two studies which explored the vision and memories of the first meetings of potential in-laws and parents as a couple. Study 1 (N1 = 34, age M = 23.40, SD = 2.32, Woman = 64.70% N1) asked the participants how they imagined those events, while evaluating stress accompanying them. The participants reported predictions of feeling stressed by both events, but also of excitement, having no expectations, being ashamed by their own parents or being trustful in parents’ behavior. Stress assessments of both events are inconclusive in establishing whether one of them is more stressful than the other. In Study 2 (N2 = 8, age M = 23.50, SD = 2.67, Woman = 62.50% N2) a sample of young adults was interviewed about their memories concerning situations of meeting their in-laws and introducing their partner to their own parents. The respondents recalled 37 features, of which experiencing stress and fear in both situations was common. All reflected on the way that the meeting happened and all but one described how they had prepared for it.
Personalizm św. Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI – przesłaniem dla Europy
Authors: Panaro Antonio
Published: July 2021

Personalistyczna wykładnia dotycząca równej godności osoby ludzkiej warunkowała myśl Karola Wojtyły przez całe jego życie. Znajdowała się w centrum Jego przemówień i tekstów zarówno wtedy, gdy był Biskupem, jak i wtedy, gdy był Papieżem. Czy podkreślenie podmiotowości osoby przez Jana Pawła II nie jest wielkim prorockim orędziem nadziei i zbawienia dla Europy XXI wieku? Benedykt XVI w swojej koncepcji osoby zwracał uwagę na teologiczny wymiar relacyjności osoby i w Chrystusie wskazał na wzór doskonałości człowieczeństwa. Dzięki personalistycznemu ujęciu Trójcy Świętej, choć pozostajemy zanurzeni w wielkości misterium, które nas przekracza, pojawia się nowe rozumienie rzeczywistości człowieka i Boga. Ratzinger uważa, że gdy mówimy o Bogu, okazuje się, kim jest człowiek; największy paradoks staje się czymś najjaśniejszym i najbardziej pomocnym. Na czym polega personalizm Jana Pawła II i w jaki sposób się różni od personalizmu Benedykta XVI? Czy te dwa modele personalistyczne są przeciwstawne? Jakie przesłanie wyniknie z tej analizy dla Europy? Analiza zaprezentowana w artykule jest próbą dojścia do odpowiedzi na te i inne pytania dotyczące rozumienia osoby w dzisiejszej Europie w świetle personalistycznego orędzia nadziei Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI.
Enjoo decorrente da higienização dentária e condição periodontal de mulheres grávidas
Authors: Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Tamanaha Aryane Kame , Custódio Lia Borges de Mattos , Saliba Nemre Adas , Saliba Tânia Adas
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a relação existente entre enjoo, sangramento gengival à sondagem e práticas de higiene bucal, em gestantes.Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo, retrospectivo, de análise documental, em 1272 prontuários de gestantes ingressantes em um programa de atenção pré-natal, no período de 2000 a 2018. Foram excluídos os prontuários preenchidos incorretamente e selecionados dados sobre enjoo, condição periodontal e analisadas as práticas de higiene relacionadas. Foram calculadas as distribuições das frequências e realizados testes de associação ao nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: A idade média das gestantes foi de 27,49 anos (DP=10,47), 54,64% (n=695) eram brancas, 75,39% (n=959) casadas, e 44,43% (n=565) possuíam até ensino médio incompleto. Do total, 40,09%% (n=510) tiveram enjoo ao escovar os dentes e foram encontradas associação estatística entre enjoo e período gestacional (p<0,00001); sangramento gengival à sondagem e Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (p<0,0001), bem como condição periodontal e uso de fio dental (p=0,0007) e Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (p<0,0001).Conclusão: Conclui-se que houve associação entre enjoo e período gestacional; sangramento gengival à sondagem e Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado; Índice Periodontal Comunitário, uso de fio dental e Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado.
Challenges and Benefits of the Use of AASHTOWare for 3 Climatic Regions in Turkey
Authors: IPEKYUZ Beyhan , TÜYDEŞ YAMAN Hediye , ÖZTÜRK Hande Işık
Published: July 2021

The economic growth in developing countries triggers investments in highway networks. Thus, this requires a re-evaluation of existing design practices, which are mostly empirical. An alternative is the relatively recently developed Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) design method. It has major data challenges and must be identified before a major switch. In this study, three different climatic regions for Turkey were analyzed optimizing 162 design combinations. Results showed that climate, traffic, and reliability parameters extremely affect the performance of the pavement. As in the current practice of Turkey, climate and material effects are not currently considered; these should be further studied considering the local calibration steps.
Creating pseudo-tactile feedback in virtual reality using shared crossmodal properties of audio and tactile feedback
Authors: Bosman Isak de Villiers , De Beer Koos , Bothma Theo J.D.
Published: July 2021

Virtual reality has the potential to enhance a variety of real-world training and entertainment applications by creating the illusion that a user of virtual reality is physically present inside the digitally created environment. However, the use of tactile feedback to convey information about this environment is often lacking in VR applications. New methods for inducing a degree of tactile feedback in users are described, which induced the illusion of a tactile experience, referred to as pseudo-tactile feedback. These methods utilised shared properties between audio and tactile feedback that can be crossmodally mapped between the two modalities in the design of a virtual reality prototype for a qualitative usability study in order to test the effectiveness and underlying causes of such feedback in the total absence of any real-world tactile feedback. Results show that participants required believable audio stimuli that they could conceive as real-world textures as well a sense of hand-ownership to suspend disbelief and construct an internally consistent mental model of the virtual environment. This allowed them to conceive believable tactile sensations that result from interaction with virtual objects inside this environment.
Életútinterjú Dr. Kepecs Gáborral
Authors: Gárdos Judit , Vajda Róza
Published: July 2021

A közelmúlt történetének mind teljesebb feltárása és bemutatása érdekében a MABISZ elhatározta, hogy létrehozza a biztosítástörténeti Oral History Archívumot az elmúlt évtizedek kiváló szakembereivel, vezetőivel készített, filmre rögzített ún. életútinterjúk anyagából, amely elsősorban kutatási, másodsorban kommunikációs célokat szolgál. A Biztosítás és Kockázat Szerekesztősége úgy döntött, hogy az Oral History anyagaiból – „Életutak” címmel – az interjúk rövidített és szerkesztett változatát rendszeresen közreadja. Második interjúalanyunk Dr. Kepecs Gábor, aki a magyarországi Aegon biztosító elődjének volt az első számú vezetője, később pedig az Aegon N.V. igazgatósági tagjaként, a kelet-közép-európai régiójának vezetőjeként széles rálátása volt az európai és magyarországi biztosítási folyamatokra.
Az idősödés fogalmának egy lehetséges átdefiniálása és ennek implikációi : Az élettartam fokozatos növekedéséből adódó kihívások a magyar TB nyugdíj alrendszerében – lehetséges válaszok
Authors: Banyár József
Published: July 2021

A társadalombiztosítást (különösen a folyó finanszírozású nyugdíjrendszert) Magyaror-szágon (de az összes fejlett országban is) erősen sújtja az idősödés. Úgy tűnik, hogy ennek a folyamatnak két forrása van: az egyre növekvő várható élettartam és az alacsony teljes termékenységi mutató (total fertility ratio = TFR). Ebben az elemzésben megpróbálom be-mutatni, hogy csak a második az igazi probléma, a növekvő várható élettartamot könnyen kezelhetjük nyugdíjkorhatár-indexálással, aminek a módszerére reformjavaslatot is teszek. Az alacsony TFR kezelésére javasolt megoldásomat itt csak jelzem, illetve megmutatom, mely írásaimban dolgoztam ki részletesebben.
Életútinterjú Dr. Patai Mihállyal
Authors: Készítette Gárdos Judit , Vajda Róza
Published: July 2021

A közelmúlt biztosítástörténetének mind teljesebb feltárása és bemutatása érdekében a MABISZ elhatározta, hogy létrehozza a biztosítástörténeti Oral History Archívumot az elmúlt évtizedek kiváló szakembereivel, vezetőivel készített, filmre rögzített ún. életútinterjúk anyagából, amely elsősorban kutatási, másodsorban kommunikációs célokat szolgál. A Biztosítás és Kockázat Szerkesztősége úgy döntött, hogy az Oral History anyagaiból „Életutak” címmel rendszeresen közreadja az interjúk rövidített és szerkesztett változatát. Harmadik interjúalanyunk Dr. Patai Mihály, aki 1996 és 2006 között az Allianz Hungária Biztosító Rt. elnök-vezérigazgató funkcióját töltötte be, és ezen pozíciójában széles rálátása volt az európai és magyarországi biztosítási folyamatokra.
Screening of Pearl Millet Genotypes Suitable for Drought Tolerance at Early Seedling Stage
Authors: Meena R.C. , Ambawat Supriya , Satyavathi C. Tara , Ram Moola , Khandelwal Vikas , Yadav S.L.
Published: July 2021

Background: Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Br.] is the most widely grown staple food of majority of poor and small land holders in Asia and Africa. It is also consumed as feed and fodder for livestock. It is the sixth most important cereal crop in the world next to maize, rice wheat, barley and sorghum. The temperature is one of the key climatic factors and has profound effect on the growth and development of the pearl millet. It can only be managed through developing hybrid varieties which can tolerate high temperature during germination and early seedling stages.The present study aimed to identify drought tolerant genotypes of pearl millet at seedling stage. Methods: This experiment was carried out at Mandor during kharif 2018 with five selected pearl millet advanced hybrids MH 2192, MH 2224, MH 2228, MH 2354 and MH 2359 along with three checks RHB 177, MPMH 17 and 86M86 which were tested under polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5% and 10%) induced osmotic stress. Various physiological parameters were recorded 15 days after sowing and statistical analysis made using Windostat software. Result: The results revealed that shoot length, seedling dry weight, relative water content, membrane stability index and chlorophyll content decreased significantly with PEG induced water stress in all the hybrids while root length and catalase activity increased significantly under water stress. Among 5 hybrids, two hybrids viz. MH 2359 and MH 2354 performed better and found to be superior under PEG induced water stress. Thus, various drought tolerance indices may further be studied for these two hybrids and can be used in development of drought tolerant genotypes which may prove helpful for crop improvement programs of pearl millet.
The Contested Shaping of International Tax Rules: The Growth of Services and the Revival of Fractional Apportionment
Authors: Picciotto Sol
Published: July 2021

The digitalisation of the economy has spotlighted fundamental flaws in international tax rules, which have been exacerbated since the 1970s with the wider shift to the services economy and the growth of international services. These systemic flaws have been more evident from the perspective of countries that are mainly importers of services that have tried to retain rights to tax profits at the source from which they derive. While they succeeded in retaining a wider scope for source taxation, key provisions have been subject to continuing conflicts and contestation over their formulation and interpretation, leaving a legacy of ambiguity and confusion. Digitalisation has now sparked a dramatic reversal of perspective by more developed countries and an acceptance of principles they have long resisted: that taxation of transnational corporations can be based on apportionment of an appropriate fraction of their global income and can be by countries from where they derive income, regardless of physical presence. This paper outlines the contested process that has shaped the formulation of key provisions on taxation of international services, discusses the recent moves to reshape these rules and evaluates some policy options for capital-importing countries to strengthen their taxing rights in the current context.
Evidence and Lessons Learned Regarding the Effect of Equitable Quality Education on ‘Open Society’
Authors: Fieldsend Astrid
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this review is to assist FCDO in understanding the evidence of impact and any valuable lessons regarding the effect equitable quality education can have on ‘open society’. The search revealed that there is a considerable volume of evidence which focuses on education’s ability to reduce poverty, increase economic growth, boost employability and achieve better health outcomes. There is less which focuses on the aspects of ‘open society’ as defined in this paper. The scope of this review was narrowed to focus upon areas of the ‘open society’ definition where the most evidence does exist, given the timeframe for the review. The scope was narrowed to focus on: democracy, civic engagement, and social cohesion. The review of the literature found strong evidence that equitable quality education can have a range of positive impacts on democracy (specifically, its institutions and processes), civic engagement and social cohesion. There is a considerable body of evidence which indicates that there is a correlation between equitable quality education and benefits to societies (more peaceful, higher levels of trust, greater participation in politics, etc). However, there was no clear evidence that investment in equitable quality education directly leads to positive societal outcomes. This is because there are so many other factors to account for in attempting to prove causation. The lack of rigorous studies which attempt to attribute causation demonstrates a clear evidence gap. It is important to note that education systems themselves are politicised and cannot be divorced from the political process. The extent to which education can impact positively on open society depends a great deal on the value education has within the political system in which it is operating.
'Monitoring Sanitation Campaigns: Targets, Reporting and Realism’ Frontiers of Sanitation: Innovations and Insights 18
Authors: Adhikari Kamal , Adhikari Bharat , Cavill Sue , Mehrotra Santosh , Rao Bejjanki Vijeta , Van Der Velden Matteus
Published: July 2021

Many governments in Asia and Africa have set ambitious target dates for their countries becoming open defecation free (ODF). Some have recently concluded national sanitation campaigns; a number of countries have campaigns underway; while others are in the conceptualising and planning process. Monitoring and reporting results is one of the key challenges associated with these campaigns. This Frontiers of Sanitation presents lessons learnt to date to inform ongoing and future government campaigns intended to end open defecation and improve access to safely managed sanitation. Firstly, we discuss campaigns, targets, monitoring, reporting, and verification arrangements, showing how these processes can be used to increase the credibility of national declarations and strengthen campaigns to respond to challenges. Secondly, we present case studies from India and Nepal, providing campaign-specific details from two recently declared ODF countries.
Disclosure social das empresas brasileiras referente aos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU): Um estudo da divulgação das metas relacionadas ao objetivo de igualdade de gênero
Authors: Garcia Editinete Andre da Rocha , Araújo Isnara Anterio , Albuquerque Filho Antonio Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo verificar se as empresas que elaboraram seus relatórios observando o padrão da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) e que foram submetidos a auditoria, bem como se as empresas que fazem parte da carteira do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) adotam maior disclosure de igualdade de gênero. A pesquisa baseou-se na análise de 61 relatórios de sustentabilidade publicados em 2019, no padrão GRI. A partir da adoção de método quantitativo, os resultados do estudo demonstram que as empresas brasileiras apresentam um nível médio de 51,9% de disclosure das diretrizes do GRI relacionadas ao ODS5. Constatou-se que a asseguração dos relatórios afeta positivamente o disclosure do ODS5, enquanto a participação da empresa no ISE não apresentou significância estatística.
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СОЧЕТАННОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРЕПАРАТОВ МАГНИЯ И МИКРОНИЗИРОВАННОГО ПРОГЕСТЕРОНА ПРИ УГРОЗЕ НЕВЫНАШИВАНИЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ
Authors:   Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет, Дубровина Е.А. , Дубровина Г.В. ,   Оренбургский клинический перинатальный центр, Нотова С.В. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет
Published: July 2021

Результаты многочисленных исследований указывают на то, что во время беременности возрастает потребность в магнии. Недостаток данного элемента на ранних сроках беременности является фактором риска возникновения угрозы прерывания беременности, в связи с этим была поставлена цель исследования. В ходе обследования женщин в возрасте от 25 до 35 лет со сроком гестации до 12 недель и с угрозой невынашивания беременности выявлено, что сочетанное применение препарата магния (940 мг/сутки) и микронизированного прогестерона (400 мг/сутки) снижает побочные эффекты прогестерона и способствует повышению показателей психофизиологической адаптации. Установлено, что в группе женщин, получавших комбинированное лечение, были достоверно выше: уровень магния в крови (0,79 ммоль/л); показатели адаптации сердечно-сосудистой системы по индексу Баевского и показатели теста САН.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИСБАЛАНСА МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ НА ИММУНИТЕТ
Authors:   Хабаровский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – НИИ охраны материнства и детства, Евсеева Г.П. , Супрун С.В. ,   Хабаровский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – НИИ охраны материнства и детства, Супрун Е.Н. ,   Хабаровский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – НИИ охраны материнства и детства, Ракицкая Е.В. ,   Хабаровский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – НИИ охраны материнства и детства, Козлов В.К. ,   Хабаровский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – НИИ охраны материнства и детства, Лебедько О.А. ,   Хабаровский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – НИИ охраны материнства и детства
Published: July 2021

У здоровых детей Приамурья, проживающих в условиях избытка железа, дефицита йода и дисбаланса других микроэлементов в окружающей среде, выявлено снижение содержание йодидов цельной крови у 82% детей, наряду с этим у 25–67% детей выявлен дисбаланс в содержании других микроэлементов. Дисбаланс в концентрации элементов связан с содержанием CD3+, СD4+ и СD8+, CD16+, CD22+, CD25+ и HLA-DR+, уровнем IgG и IgА.
К ВОПРОСУ О ВЛИЯНИИ БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ COVID-19
Authors:   Приднестровский государственный университет, Капитальчук М.В.
Published: July 2021

Обсуждаются возможные причины распространения COVID-19 в зависимости от экологических условий. Наименьшее количество зараженных отмечено в островных государствах и странах, расположенных на побережье. Возможно, это связано с влиянием океанического воздуха. Рассматривается возможное влияние на иммунитет населения Молдавии селенового статуса и загрязнения территории пестицидами. Имеются сведения о взаимосвязи селенового статуса населения с заболеваемостью COVID-19. Территорию Молдавии можно отнести к биогеохимическим провинциям с оптимальным содержанием селена в окружающей среде. Несмотря на то, что население Молдавии обеспеченно селеном, заболеваемость выше, чем в регионах с дефицитом селена. В этой стране в больших количествах использовались высокотоксичные и очень устойчивые хлорорганические пестициды, которые могли ослабить иммунитет населения Молдавии.
ПРОФИЛЬ АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ МИКРОФЛОРЫ КИШЕЧНИКА ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ НАНОЧАСТИЦ МЕТАЛЛОВ В КОРМЛЕНИИ
Authors:   Оренбургский государственный университет, Каримов И.Ф. , Мирошникова Е.П. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет, Мирошникова М.С. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет, Антипов В.А. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет
Published: July 2021

В последние десятилетия актуально изучение наночастиц металлов и попытки их применения в различных сферах деятельности человека. В области микробиологии часто подобные агенты используются в качестве биоцидных факторов, способствующих элиминации нежелательной микрофлоры. Данная работа посвящена оценке действия кормовых добавок на основе наночастиц железа и меди с добавлением коры дуба или пробиотических препаратов на изменение чувствительности кишечной микрофлоры цыплят-бройлеров к антибиотикам. Показано, что наночастицы металлов способны повышать количество устойчивых к антибиотикам форм бактерий, что потенциально создает генетический резерв, который в дальнейшем может быть использован неблагоприятной микрофлорой.
PROSES OPERATIONS READINESS PT MARUWAI COAL
Authors: Tampubolon Erwin , Ghalib Saladin , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: July 2021

There is a risk that the transition process from the mining construction stage to the mining production operation stage will fail, which will have an impact on the production operation going forward. The impact of productivity, cost, social and security, commitment to customers are concerns. This study aims to find out what happened during the transition phase of construction to mining production operations at PT Maruwai Coal.To achieve these objectives this research uses a qualitative approach, case studies, data collection by interviews, observations and documentation and directly involved in the Operations Readiness process.The steps to create an Operations Readiness Plan and an Operations Readiness Execution Plan are critical in determining the success of Operations Readiness, which focuses on building a team, licensing and community acceptance, building infrastructure and mapping operational needs and schedules.Thus Operation Readiness requires a schedule, budget, organizational structure and senior management commitment. Operations Readiness must be considered for implementation by mining companies in preparing new mining operations from the start.Keywords: Operations Readiness, PT Maruwai Coal
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT MELATI SOEROZA INDAH PERDANA
Authors: Elronny Elronny , Hairudinor Hairudinor , Syafari Muhammad Riduansyah
Published: July 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of Transformational Leadership (X1) and Compensation (X2) on Employee Performance (Y) at PT. Melati Soeroza Indah Perdana located in North Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Samples were taken as many as 54 employees using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection uses a questionnaire while data analysis uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis.The test results prove Transformational Leadership (X1) has a significant effect on performance with a large effect of 34.88%, Compensation (X2) has a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y). Simultaneously the Transformational Leadership (X1) and Compensation (X2) variables have a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) with a large effect of 24.81%.Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Compensation, Job Satisfaction and Employee performance
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Motivasi Kerja Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Di Mining Support Division PT Kaltim Prima Coal
Authors: Sasongko Ardityas Gema , Hairudinor Hairudinor , Syafari Muhammad Riduansyah
Published: July 2021

The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Motivation and Transformational Leadership Styles on Employee Performance With Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in the Mining Support Division of PT Kaltim Prima Coal.This study aims to test the influence of organizational culture (X1), work motivation (X2) and transformational leadership style (X3) on employee performance (Y2) through job satisfaction (Y1) in the Mining Support Division of PT Kaltim Prima Coal. This study took a sample of 62 respondent. While the data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistical analysis and path analysis.The results show the influence of organizational culture on positive but insignificant job satisfaction, the influence of transfomasional leadership motivation and style on positive and significant job satisfaction; the influence of organizational culture on employee performance is insignificant and positive; the influence of motivation and transformational leadership style on employee performance is significant and positive; and the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance is significant and positive.Keywords: Job Motivation, Work Discipline, Organizational Culture, Employee Performance
PENGARUH DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO BEFORE (DERB) TERHADAP TOTAL ASSET TURN-OVER (TATO) DAN RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013 - 2018
Authors: Saleh Mohamad Nuhnaradita , Ghalib Saladin , Suyatno Suyatno
Published: July 2021

Coal mining companies require large investments to carry out their operational activities. This large investment must be accompanied by a solvable capital structure policy. A solvable capital structure supports the company in carrying out efficient asset turnover activities and obtaining ever-growing profitability.This study aims to analyze the causality relationship of Debt to Equity Ratio Before to Total Asset Turn-Over, and Return On Asset. This research is an explanatory study of causality with a quantitative approach. This study considers the principle of going concern and agency theory in which in making sustainable financial decisions from year to year there can be differences in interests between the main stakeholders internally. This study involved data from nine coal companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2018 which were selected by purposive sampling with the consideration of the availability of data on the variables studied.The results of this study indicate that the debt to equity ratio before directly has a significant negative effect on total asset turnover, but it has no significant effect on return on assets when controlled by total asset turnover. Total asset turnover has a significant positive effect on return on assets, it has a significant fully positive mediation effect on the debt to equity ratio before.In further research, expected to include other variables as independent variables, such as asset structure, include the fractional elements of total asset turnover, for example, current asset turnover and fixed asset management.Keywords: Debt to equity ratio before, total asset turnover, return on asset