bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional germline variants in DNA damage repair pathways are associated with altered survival in adults with glioma treated with temozolomide
Authors: Guerra Geno , Wendt George , McCoy Lucie , Hansen Helen M , Kachuri Linda , Molinaro Annette M , Rice Terri , Guan Victoria , Capistrano Lianne , Hsieh Allison , Kalsi Veruna , Sallee Jaimie , Taylor Jennie W , Clarke Jennifer L , Almaraz Eduardo Rodriguez , Wiencke John K , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Jenkins Robert B , Wrensch Margaret , Francis Stephen S
Published: January 2025

Background

Temozolomide (TMZ) treatment has demonstrated, but variable, impact on glioma prognosis. This study examines associations of survival with DNA repair gene germline polymorphisms among glioma patients who did and did not have TMZ treatment. Identifying genetic markers which sensitize tumor cells to TMZ could personalize therapy and improve outcomes.

Methods

We evaluated TMZ-related survival associations of pathogenic germline SNPs and genetically predicted transcript levels within 34 DNA repair genes among 1504 glioma patients from the UCSF Adult Glioma Study and Mayo Clinic whose diagnoses spanned pre- and post-TMZ eras within the major known glioma prognostic molecular subtypes.

Results

Among those who received TMZ, 5 SNPs were associated with overall survival, but not in those who did not receive TMZ. Only rs2308321-G, in MGMT, was associated with decreased survival (HR=1.21, p=0.019) for all glioma subtypes. Rs73191162-T (near UNG), rs13076508-C (near PARP3), rs7840433-A (near NEIL2), and rs3130618-A (near MSH5) were only associated with survival and TMZ treatment for certain subtypes, suggesting subtype-specific germline chemo-sensitization.

Genetically predicted elevated compared to normal brain expression of PNKP was associated with dramatically worse survival for TMZ-treated patients with IDH-mutant and 1p/19q non-codeleted gliomas (p=0.015), with a median difference of over 70 months in overall survival times. Similarly, NEIL2 and TDG expressions were associated with altered TMZ-related survival only among certain subtypes.

Conclusions

Functional germline alterations within DNA repair genes were associated with TMZ sensitivity, measured by overall survival, among adults with glioma, these variants should be evaluated in prospective analyses and functional studies.
Mimickers of Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Perez-Guzman M Citlalli , Szuman Gabriela , Altwijri Abdulrahman , Shek Kevin , Asa Sylvia L , Ezzat Shereen
Published: January 2025

Enlargement of the pituitary gland and/or its surrounding structures on brain or sellar imaging is a frequent finding. The distinction between clinically relevant and incidental changes can be challenging. Further, the assumption that sellar lesions reflect a true neoplasm must be rigorously questioned to avoid inappropriate treatment or unnecessary surveillance plans. Here we review wide-ranging conditions that can mimic primary pituitary tumors. We outline a suggested approach to rational decision-making.
Current understanding of the role of DNA methylation in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Peterson Racheal , Cote David J , Zada Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are unusual among neoplasms in that sporadic tumors are not typically associated with genetic mutations. Instead, epigenetics, a non-mutational process by which gene expression is modified via a variety of mechanisms, may be a driving factor in PitNET growth and behavior. DNA methylation is one of the most well understood forms of epigenetic modification. Research on DNA methylation profiles of PitNETs has identified a large number of genes silenced or upregulated by DNA methylation, particularly when methylated at CpG islands of gene promoter regions. Global patterns of DNA methylation may provide valuable insight into origins of pituitary adenoma subtypes, assist with PitNet diagnostics and have been found to correspond to the current WHO classification of PitNETs based on transcription factor lineage. Analysis of differentially methylated regions of individual genes may have prognostic value as well as guide research toward nonsurgical therapeutic strategies. Pituitary epigenetics and DNA methylation analysis are rapidly growing areas of interest with the potential to shape the future of pituitary tumor diagnostics and treatment.
Mass Equidistribution for Poincaré Series of Large Index
Authors: Kimmel Noam
Published: January 2025

Let $P_{k,m}$ denote the Poincaré series of weight k and index m for the full modular group $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$, and let $\{P_{k,m}\}$ be a sequence of Poincaré series for which m(k) satisfies $m(k) / k \rightarrow\infty$ and $m(k) \ll k^{\frac{3}{2} - \epsilon}$. We prove that the L2 mass of such a sequence equidistributes on $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}) \backslash \mathbb{H}$ with respect to the hyperbolic measure as k goes to infinity. As a consequence, we deduce that the zeros of such a sequence $\{P_{k,m}\}$ become uniformly distributed in $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}) \backslash \mathbb{H}$ with respect to the hyperbolic measure.
Surveys of Magnaporthe oryzae genotypes in breeding stations and commercial rice fields in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Puerto Rico from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Huang Yixiao , Jia Yulin , Wamishe Yeshi , Jia Melissa H.
Published: January 2025

Major resistance (R) gene mediated resistance to rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is often overcome by the fungus due to the occurrences of new races with altered corresponding avirulence (AVR) genes. In this study, blast diseased rice tissue samples were collected from breeding stations and commercial rice fields in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Puerto Rico during 2017-2019 to determine the efficacy of major R genes, Pi-ta, Pik, Pizt, Pi9, and Pi33. A total of 185 blast isolates were isolated from the diseased tissue samples to examine the existence of AVR genes AVR-Pita1, AVR-Pib, AVR-Pik, AVR-Pizt, AVR-Pi9 and ACE1. Genotyping of the isolates were conducted using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. AVR-Pizt and AVR-Pita1 were found in all isolates suggesting that major R genes Pizt and Pi-ta are still effective to prevent infections by these isolates. Among the 185 isolates, 117 contained all the 6 AVR genes and 68 contained 3-5 AVR genes suggesting various degrees of race shift in these isolates. The SSR data revealed endemicity in genetic backgrounds among Arkansas isolates, whereas migration in isolates between Louisiana and Puerto Rico. Structure analysis of the SSR data suggested three major clusters with 46 combinations. The Arkansas isolates showed a high genetic diversity, but one genotype dominated. The Louisiana isolates were also genetically diversified without any obvious predominant group. The Puerto Rico isolates had the lowest heterozygosity. These data reveal contemporary genetic changes of the rice blast fungus and are useful for guiding the deployment of major R genes in these regions.
Development of a Duplex Immunocapture Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for Large-Scale Detection of Potato Mop-Top Virus in Dormant Potato Tubers
Authors: Chikh-Ali Mohamad , Daniel Jeremy , Aslam Hafiz Mohammad Usman , Agindotan Bright , Charkowski Amy O.
Published: January 2025

Potato is an important sector to the U.S. economy, and it created over $100 billion in economic activity in 2021. The U.S. exports fresh potatoes to several countries. In certain cases, fresh potato shipments from the U.S. to the international market requires the crop to be free of potato mop-top virus (PMTV). This increased the need to provide potato growers with an optional, reliable and large-scale detection method of PMTV, especially in asymptomatic tubers. We developed a duplex Immunocapture Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (IC-RT-qPCR) for the large-scale detection of PMTV in dormant tubers. The IC step eliminates the need for RNA extraction kits, making this assay appropriate for large scale tuber testing. To enhance the reliability of the current assay and reduce the chance of false negatives, a duplex format was used by deploying two primer-probe sets, including a previously reported primer-probe set targeting the RNA-CP, and a newly designed primer-probe set targeting a conserved region of RNA-TGB of PMTV genome. We also determined that peels from the stem end of the tubers were more likely to test positive for PMTV than bud end peels or lateral tuber cores. The duplex IC-RT-qPCR will provide a reliable and sensitive tool for the large-scale detection of PMTV in dormant tubers and will help safeguard potato movement in the U.S. and internationally.
National Analysis of Over 48,000 Veterans With HIV Demonstrates CD4/CD8 Ratio as a Risk Marker for Anal Intraepithelial Lesions and Anal Cancer
Authors: Hewitt Austin , Freeman Matthew J. , Leverson Glen , Bailey Howard H. , Carchman Evie , Striker Rob , Sanger Cristina B.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions are identifiable and treatable precancerous lesions that lack defined risk factors determining screening necessity.

OBJECTIVE:

Assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with low- and high-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and anal squamous cell carcinoma.

DESIGN:

Retrospective cohort analysis of veterans with HIV between 1999-2023.

SETTINGS:

National multicenter study of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

PATIENTS:

Veterans with HIV who had >1 year of follow-up and no anal squamous intraepithelial lesions or anal cancer diagnosis prior to the study period.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

Primary outcomes include the prevalence, disease-free survival rates, and hazard ratios associated with risk factors for developing anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and/or anal cancer.

RESULTS:

48,368 patients were analyzed. The average age of patients at study initiation was 47.8 years with a mean follow-up of 12.3 years. 7,572 (16%) patients had at least one anal cytopathology or histopathology result. Prevalence of anal disease was recorded for low-grade disease (n = 1,513, 3.1%), high-grade disease (n = 1,484, 3.1%), and cancer (n = 664, 1.4%). Mean times to first incident low-grade disease, high-grade disease, and cancer were 8.5 (SD = 6.0), 9.1 (SD = 6.0), and 9.7 (SD = 6.2) years, respectively. 5-year, 10-year, and 20-year disease-free survival rates for development of low-grade disease, high-grade disease, or cancer were 97.5%, 94.5%, and 88.4%, respectively. Cox regression modeling demonstrated CD4/CD8 ratios <0.5 were associated with increased risk of anal cancer (HR: 3.93, 95% CI: 3.33-4.63, p < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective study that focuses almost exclusively on male U.S. veterans. Results might not apply to non-male, non-U.S. populations.

CONCLUSIONS:

National analysis of over 48,000 veterans with HIV demonstrates 16% had anal cytopathology or histopathology results with an anal cancer prevalence of 1.4%. CD4/CD8 ratios <0.5 correlate strongly with severity of anal disease and can help identify patients at highest risk for anal cancer to prioritize screening efforts. See Video Abstract.
Injury Patterns in Academy-Level Male Youth Soccer Players: A 3-Season Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Munro Thomas M. , Noe McKenna C. , Margherio Shannon R. , Lee Brian R. , Harvey Brian S.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To report injury epidemiology in youth male academy-level athletes in the United States.

Design:

An observational study on injury occurrences and playing time over the 2019 to 2020, 2020 to 2021, and 2021 to 2022 soccer seasons.

Setting:

Data collected from a single midwestern soccer academy in the United States in partnership with a tertiary care level I pediatric heath institution.

Patients:

All male youth athletes to have enrolled and participated in the developmental academy during any of the 3 studied seasons.

Interventions:

None. This was an observational study.

Main Outcome Measures:

Injury rate (incidence per 1000 playing hours), type, location, mechanism (noncontact vs contact), severity, and mode of play (match vs training) in which the injury was sustained.

Results:

Overall rate of injury was 3.64 per 1000 h exposure. Injuries of moderate severity (8-28 days of missed playing time) were most common. When stratified by team, injury rates were highest in the U15 (5.15/1000 h) and lowest in the U12 (0.87/1000 h). Most injuries involved muscles of the lower extremities.

Conclusions:

Among male youth academy-level soccer athletes in the United States, older players tended to sustain injuries at a higher rate than younger. The lower extremity was the most common injury location, and muscle injuries and most common type. Concussions remain common in this population, accounting for nearly a 10th of all athletic injuries.

Clinical Relevance:

Injury epidemiology data from this study add to the growing worldwide pool of data from youth, male, academy-level soccer athletes that will augment development of injury prevention interventions.
High job stress evaluated using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire as an independent risk factor for hypertension among a Japanese male occupational population
Authors: Sekizuka Hiromitsu , Kato Hirohisa , Ishii Toshiya , Nagumo Satoko
Published: January 2025

Objective

Stress and working environments are risk factors for hypertension. A new occupational health policy called the Stress Check Program was started in Japan in 2015. Therefore, we clarified whether the presence or absence of high job stress (HJS) as determined using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) is related to the comorbidity of hypertension.

Methods

The results of a single year’s BJSQ and medical examinations were investigated for 18 629 active Japanese male office workers who were 30–59 years old. The presence or absence of HJS was assessed using the BJSQ and investigated using a personal computer in a medical interview. Furthermore, the relationships between HJS and hypertension comorbidity were analyzed.

Results

The mean age of the subjects was 43.8 ± 10.3 years old, and the proportion of subjects with HJS was 10%. After adjustment for age and lifestyle habits, HJS was associated with a risk of hypertension comorbidity (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.36; P = 0.022). HJS was a significant hypertensive comorbidity factor.

Conclusion

HJS measured using the BJSQ independently contributed to hypertension comorbidity among male office workers.
Risk Factors for Wound Complications After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury
Authors: Meckes Nicole A. , Toal Coralee T. , Wang Li , Giugale Lauren E.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Wound complications after obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) can amplify morbidity and affect quality of life.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate for characteristics associated with wound complications after OASI.

Study Design

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with an OASI who were evaluated in a postpartum pelvic floor healing clinic between November 1, 2020, and May 16, 2023. Our primary outcome was to identify factors associated with wound complications (wound infection or breakdown, antibiotic treatment, or surgical intervention). We hypothesized that operative vaginal delivery would be associated with wound complications and that peripartum antibiotics would be protective. Statistical analyses included t tests, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of 332 patients with an OASI, 74 (22.3%) experienced a wound complication. There were 31 (9.3%) wound infections and 62 (18.7%) wound breakdowns; 50 (15.1%) patients received additional antibiotics, and 20 (6.0%) underwent additional surgical intervention. On univariate analysis, those with wound complications were older (31.9 vs 30.6 years, P = 0.01) and more likely to have had an episiotomy (23.0% vs 12.5%, P = 0.03). On multivariable logistic regression, older maternal age was associated with wound complication (odds ratio, 1.1, 95% CI, 1.01–1.13, P = 0.03), and peripartum antibiotics were associated with decreased odds of wound complication (odds ratio, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.33–0.97, P = 0.04). Patients with wound complications were more likely to undergo in-office procedures (P < 0.001) and report postpartum pain (P < 0.001), urinary incontinence (P = 0.02), fecal urgency (P = 0.02), and other symptoms (P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Older maternal age was associated with wound complications after OASI, while peripartum antibiotics were protective. Patients with wound complications were more likely to report symptoms of pelvic floor disorders.
The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in plants
Authors: Carey Sarah B. , Bentz Philip C. , Lovell John T. , Akozbek Laramie M. , Havill Joshua S. , Padgitt-Cobb Lillian , Lynch Ryan C. , Allsing Nicholas , Osmanski Austin , Easterling Katherine A. , Orozco Leonardo R. , Hale Haley , McCoy Hannah , Meharg Zachary , McKay John , Grimwood Jane , Vergara Daniela , Guerrero Rafael F. , Kane Nolan C. , Michael Todd P. , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Harkess Alex
Published: January 2025

Ancient heteromorphic sex chromosomes are common in mammals, but not in
plants. Sex chromosomes in the plant family Cannabaceae, which includes species
like hops and hemp, were identified a century ago because of their obviously
heteromorphic XYs. However, we know very little about their structure, nor their
role in the development of the economically, medicinally, and culturally
important flowers. Here we assembled genomes, with phased sex chromosomes, for
three XY male hops (Humulussp.), two XY
maleCannabis, and two
monoeciousCannabisindividuals. Most of the
non-recombining regions evolved prior to the divergence
betweenCannabisandHumulusaround
47 MYA supporting this sex chromosome origin is among the oldest known in
flowering plants. The Y chromosomes are highly-degenerate, with very few genes
remaining, and show substantial rearrangements, while the X also shows faster
rates of molecular evolution. The Cannabaceae sex chromosomes contain critical
genes for flower development and the production of key compounds like bitter
acids and cannabinoids, which are important traits for the plants. The sex
chromosomes thus have played a vital role in the domestication and breeding of
these species, and more generally, the Cannabaceae family.
Memory-Phenotype Ly49+ CD8 T emerging from the thymus develop into two
subsets with distinct immune functions
Authors: Laubreton Daphné , Grau Morgan , Malassigne Victor , Prieux Margaux , Tomkowiak Martine , Vocanson Marc , Walzer Thierry , Marvel Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

Ly49+ CD8 T cells are memory-phenotype (MP) cells expressing Ly49 family
inhibitory receptors, that control autoimmune diseases development through the
regulation of follicular CD4 T cells. During viral infection, their number
increases, suggesting an involvement in antiviral responses. These cells do not
derive from naive cells and are thought to develop in the thymus. This study
identified two subsets of Ly49+ CD8 T cells, based on CD8β expression, in mice
and humans. Lineage tracing and reliance on the transcription factor Zeb1
indicate a thymic origin via agonist selection. scRNAseq analysis revealed that
a small fraction of CD8αβ-Ly49+ cells acquired an effector profile during
vaccinia virus infection. Moreover, the majority of Ly49+ CD8 T cells seems to
respond to cytokine-driven bystander signals.In
vitro, these signals promoted the expression of effector molecules
such as IFNγ and granzyme B, as well as the homing chemokine receptor CXCR5,
potentially driving their recruitment to germinal centers.

This study shows that Ly49+ CD8 T cells comprises two subsets that
develop in the thymus through agonist selection. In viral infection, both
subsets respond to bystander stimuli that could drive their regulatory
activity. Furthermore, some CD8αβ-expressing Ly49+ cells exert TCR-mediated
antiviral response.
Highly dynamic supernumerary mini-chromosomes in aMagnaporthe
oryzaestrain
Authors: Lin Guifang , Zheng Huakun , Koo Dal-Hoe , Wang Zonghua , Cook David , Valent Barbara , Liu Sanzhen
Published: January 2025

Magnaporthe oryzae(syn.Pyricularia
oryzae), the causative agent of devastating crop diseases,
exhibits remarkable genomic plasticity that contributes to its adaptability and
pathogenicity.
IndividualM.oryzaestrains
may contain supernumerary mini-chromosomes, which are dispensable and highly
repetitive. Here, we explored the stability of two mini-chromosomes of
aLoliumstrain isolated in the US, TF05-1, in
which one mini-chromosome contains sequences nearly identical to the
mini-chromosome of the wheat isolate B71 from Bolivia. The discordance of their
phylogenetic relationships based on genomic polymorphisms in core chromosomes
and polymorphisms in mini-chromosomes indicated horizontal transfer of the
mini-chromosome. Karyotyping analysis and genome sequencing analysis found
variation in numbers and sizes of mini-chromosomes among asexual monoconidial
progeny of TF05-1. Rearrangement within mini-chromosomes occurred frequently in
the TF05-1 progeny. We characterized an intrachromosomal rearrangement
presumably mediated by a palindrome repeat. The rearrangement resulted in a
300-kb deletion and a 900-kb duplication. The susceptibility to structural
variation in mini-chromosomes may be associated with repetitive features and the
high activity of transposable elements in mini-chromosomes, in which many intact
retrotransposons were recently inserted, largely unmethylated, and likely have
yet to be silenced by fungal genome defense mechanisms such as repeat-induced
point mutation.
Unprecedented female mutation bias in aye-ayes
Authors: Wang Richard J. , Peña-García Yadira , Muthuswamy Raveendran , Harris R. Alan , Nguyen Thuy-Trang , Gingras Marie-Claude , Wu Yifan , Perez Lesette , Yoder Anne D. , Simmons Joe H. , Rogers Jeffrey , Hahn Matthew W.
Published: January 2025

Every mammal studied to date has been found to have a male mutation bias:
male parents transmit morede novomutations to
offspring than female parents, contributing increasingly more mutations with
age. Although male-biased mutation has been studied for more than 75 years, its
causes are still debated. One obstacle to understanding this pattern is its near
universality—without variation in mutation bias, it is difficult to find an
underlying cause. Here, we present new data on multiple pedigrees from two
primate species: aye-ayes (Daubentonia
madagascarensis), a member of the strepsirrhine primates, and
olive baboons (Papio anubis). In stark contrast to
the pattern found across mammals, we find a much larger effect of maternal age
than paternal age on mutation rates in the aye-aye. In addition, older aye-aye
mothers transmit substantially more mutations than older fathers. We carry out
both computational and experimental validation of our results, contrasting them
with results from baboons and other primates using the same methodologies.
Further, we analyze a set of DNA repair and replication genes to identify
candidate mutations that may be responsible for the change in mutation bias
observed in aye-ayes. Our results demonstrate that mutation bias is not an
immutable trait, but rather one that can evolve between closely related species.
Further work on aye-ayes (and possibly other lemuriform primates) should help to
explain the molecular basis for sex-biased mutation.
Small molecule targeting of FBXO21 mediated p85α ubiquitylation in acute
myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dobish Kasidy K. , Vishwakarma Suchita , Peters Hendrik C. , Winship C. Bea , Alvarado Danielle , Hyde R. Katherine , Natarajan Amarnath , Buckley Shannon M.
Published: January 2025

PI3K inhibitors

PI3K inhibitors that target the catalytic sub-unit p110 are used in
cancer therapy to inhibit overactive PI3K signaling pathway. However, their
clinical use is limited by severe adverse effects and development of
resistance, highlighting the need for further research on regulation of the
PI3K pathway. We have identified that FBXO21 ubiquitinates regulatory PI3K
subunit p85α, and silencing of FBXO21 inhibits canonical PI3K signaling. To
target FBXO21, we developed a small molecule designed to interfere with
substrate:ligase interaction. Our novel small molecule effectively blocks
p85α ubiquitination leading to decreased PI3K pathway activation and cell
death in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, our studies demonstrate
selectivity for AML cells over healthy counterparts, and elimination of
AMLin vivo, emphasizing FBXO21’s potential as
a promising therapeutic target for AML. Targeting substrate:ligase
interactions provide new avenues for drug discovery that may enhance the
efficacy of current therapies and benefits for improving patient
outcomes.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Our studies highlight the potential of the ubiquitin E3 ligase FBXO21 as
an alternative therapeutic target for the PI3K signaling pathway, not only
in AML but in cancers with aberrant PI3K signaling.
Forest habitat and forest dominated landscapes are associated with bumblebee
species with visual traits related to light sensitivity
Authors: Bartholomée Océane , Tichit Pierre , Åström Jens , Smith Henrik G. , Åström Sandra , Sydenham Markus A. K. , Baird Emily
Published: January 2025

While functional traits like body size have been extensively linked to
species distributions, the influence of sensory traits on species’ responses to
environmental changes remains underexplored. Particularly, the relationship
between light sensitivity and niche segregation across different distributional
extents – local habitat conditions and across entire landscapes – remains
unclear. In this study, we examined bumblebee communities monitored across
Norway on grassland and forest habitats within landscapes varying in forest
cover within 1 km radii. We investigated whether the eye parameter – a visual
trait measuring the trade-off between light sensitivity (high values) and visual
resolution (low values) – was associated with local habitat types and the forest
cover at the landscape scale. Additionally, we combined bumblebee-plant
interactions with a plant trait, to determine if bumblebee light sensitivity
correlated with the shade tolerance of the plants they foraged on. Our findings
showed that bumblebee species with high eye parameters were more common and
abundant in forest habitats and areas with greater forest cover, while species
with low eye parameters showed the opposite trend. This pattern was also
reflected at the community level, as indicated by the community-weighted mean of
the eye parameter which increased with forest cover and was higher in forest
habitats. Furthermore, bumblebees with higher eye parameters tended to forage on
plants with greater shade tolerance.

These results suggest that visual adaptations for light sensitivity
contribute to shaping bumblebee species distributions across different scales.
Overall, our study underscores the importance of pollinator vision in
understanding species niches, in relation to habitat use and foraging behaviour.
By relating pollinator visual abilities to plant niches for the first time, this
study provides an important basis for future modelling of plant-pollinator
interactions and targeted conservation measures for both plants and pollinators
in forested landscapes.
A Locus Control Region Generates Distinct Active Placental Lactogen And
Inactive Growth Hormone Gene Domains In Term Placenta That Are Disrupted With
Obesity
Authors: Jin Yan , McNicol Ian , Cattini Peter A.
Published: January 2025

A Placental villi include an outer layer of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and
an inner layer of cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) that fuse to generate STBs in
pregnancy. While activation of the single locus containing the human (h)
placental lactogen (hPL) genes
(hPL-A/CSH1andhPL-B/CSH2)
begins in the CTBs, their expression in STBs requires further epigenetic
modifications as well as interactions between locus control region (LCR) and
gene regulatory sequences. No transcription factor that limits or facilitates
hPL LCR/gene interactions for locus activation is reported but the
paternally-expressed gene 3 (PEG3/PW1) transcription factor is a candidate. PEG3
is expressed by villous CTBs but not STBs, and putative PEG3 sites were
identified in the hPL LCR and promoter sequences. Furthermore, dysregulation of
both hPL and PEG3 gene expression have been linked to peripartum depression.
Using CTB-like JEG-3 cells, we show PEG3 binding to hypersensitive sites (HS
III-V) within the LCR, and that hPL transcript levels increase with PEG-3
knockdown. In term placenta, PEG3 binding at placenta-specific HS IV was
increased with maternal obesity, where a decrease in hPL RNA levels is seen,
while PEG3 binding was reduced in women with obesity who develop insulin-treated
gestationaldiabetes mellitus(O/GDM+Ins), where
increased hPL gene expression is observed. Chromatin conformation capture
revealed distinct hPL gene domain interactions that are modified with maternal
obesity but largely reversed in O/GDM+Ins, correlating with PEG3 binding. Thus,
decreased PEG3 binding may be required for hPL domain generation and expression
during CTB to STB transition.
EVOLVE: A Web Platform for Evolutionary Phase Analysis and New Variant
Exploration from Multi-Sequence Data
Authors: Sangeet Satyam , Sinha Anushree , Nair Madhav B. , Mahata Arpita , Sarkar Raju , Roy Susmita
Published: January 2025

Recurrent updates from the World Health Organization (WHO) on refining
definitions for Variants of Concern (VOCs), Variants of Interest (VOIs), and
Variants Under Monitoring (VUMs) underscore the need for systematic
investigations to develop quantifiable metrics that differentiate critical
phases of variant evolution. This study illustrates how protein data can be
systematically analyzed by applying phase transition principles from statistical
mechanics, where quantifying mutational response function (MRF) helps identify
concerning variants along evolutionary paths. To support the exploration of
metrics like mutational entropy, MRF, and other relevant indicators for novel or
uncharacterized viruses and pathogenic bacteria, we introduce EVOLVE—a web
platform that empowers researchers across diverse fields to access
sequence-based analyses. EVOLVE streamlines data upload and analysis with a
user-friendly interface and comprehensive tutorials. Overcoming the challenges
with large sequence-space analysis its AI-driven data-learning module integrates
evolutionary dynamics with microscopic mutational information, enabling the
prediction of future site-specific mutations in prospective missense variants.
Access EVOLVE for free athttps://www.evolve-0fm3.onrender.com.
The mycomembrane differentially and heterogeneously restricts antibiotic permeation
Authors: Lepori Irene , Jackson Kiserian , Liu Zichen , Chordia Mahendra D. , Wong Mitchell , Rivera Sylvia L. , Roncetti Marta , Poliseno Laura , Pires Marcos M. , Siegrist M. Sloan
Published: January 2025

The recalcitrance ofMycobacterium tuberculosisto antibiotic treatment has been broadly attributed to the impermeability of the organism’s outer mycomembrane. However, the studies that support this inference have been indirect and/or reliant on bulk population measurements. We previously developed thePeptidoglycanAccessibilityClick-MediatedAssessmeNt (PAC-MAN) method to covalently trap azide-modified small molecules in the peptidoglycan cell wall of live mycobacteria, after they have traversed the mycomembrane. Using PAC-MAN we now show that the mycomembrane differentially restricts access of fluorophores and antibiotic derivatives. Mycomembranes of bothM. tuberculosisand the model organismM. smegmatisdiscriminate between divergent classes of antibiotics as well as between antibiotics within a single family, the fluoroquinolones. By analyzing sub-populations ofM. tuberculosisandM. smegmatis, we also found that some fluorophores and vancomycin are heterogeneously restricted by the mycomembrane. Our data indicate that the mycomembrane is a molecule- and cell-specific barrier to antibiotic permeation.

Abstract Graphic
Population Models with Phenotypic Diversity and Fluctuating Environment Illustrate Parameter Regimes of Adaptation vs. Extinction
Authors: Press William H.
Published: January 2025

A species may survive long-term environmental fluctuations by maintaining a sufficient phenotypic variability to span the changes. Bet-hedging and adaptive mutatability (or mutator strains) are among possible mechanisms. We construct simple population dynamics models for these strategies in a unified framework, with a stochastic environment model and a specifiable environmental carrying capacity, identifying different parameter regimes: Quantitatively, how much hedging is needed or what mutation rate is required? How much selection burden re wild-type is tolerable for the strategy to work? Is the diverse population susceptible to invasion by a reverting wild type better adapted in the short run, but producing an extinction outcome in the long run? We give answers that are quantitative in the context of the specific idealized models, but that can also be qualitatively illuminating to more realistic cases.
Hair Cells in the Cochlea Must Tune Resonant Modes to the Edge of Instability without Destabilizing Collective Modes
Authors: Momi Asheesh S. , Abbott Michael C. , Rubinfien Julian , Machta Benjamin B. , Graf Isabella R.
Published: January 2025

Sound produces surface waves along the cochlea's basilar membrane. To achieve the ear's astonishing frequency resolution and sensitivity to faint sounds, dissipation in the cochlea must be canceled via active processes in hair cells, effectively bringing the cochlea to the edge of instability. But how can the cochlea be globally tuned to the edge of instability with only local feedback? To address this question, we use a discretized version of a standard model of basilar membrane dynamics but with an explicit contribution from active processes in hair cells. Surprisingly, we find the basilar membrane supports two qualitatively distinct sets of modes: a continuum of modes and a small number of collective modes. Localized modes sharply peak at their resonant position and are largely uncoupled. As a result, they can be amplified almost independently from each other by local hair cells via feedback reminiscent of self-organized criticality. However, this amplification can destabilize the collective extended modes; avoiding such instabilities places limits on possible molecular mechanisms for active feedback in hair cells. Our work illuminates how and under what conditions individual hair cells can collectively create a critical cochlea.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Enhancing electric vehicles charging stations decisions by GIS-based MACBETH and linguistic evaluations through mixed-integer novel model
Authors: Yilmaz Ibrahim , Özceylan Eren , Ali Sadia Samar
Published: January 2025

Purpose

With the escalation of economic and environmental concerns, there is growing interest in electric automobiles. Increased interest has led to the need for electric car-charging stations. The strategic placement of an appropriate number of electric vehicle charging stations is crucial for sustainability. A literature search was first undertaken to establish the criterion. This study aims to determine the number and variety of charging stations in several alternative districts according to the defined criteria.

Design/methodology/approach

Geographic Information System is utilized to collect data on the specific criteria of the selected research region. MACBETH was used to establish criterion weights. A mixed-integer mathematical model was developed to determine the optimal number of charging stations in a specified location based on the acquired data and criterion weights while adhering to predefined limits.

Findings

The results provided an integrated method for determining a sufficient number of charging stations by considering the chosen criteria and restrictions. This study seeks to enhance the existing literature on decision-making frameworks for determining the number of charging stations by utilizing an integrated Geographic Information System based on MACBETH, together with mixed-integer programming.

Practical implications

This study integrates qualitative and quantitative data to enhance managerial and practical implications. The application of MCDM and mathematical modeling presents managerial implications that affect growth, operational efficiency and sustainability objectives. Regarding practical implications, the proposed method helps managers evaluate potential locations based on factors, such as cost, geography, resource proximity, traffic patterns and power grid capacity.

Originality/value

Currently, the majority of cars powered by petroleum oil and its by-products have a substantial adverse effect on sustainability due to heightened emissions of hydrocarbons, contributing to global warming and noise pollution. In addition, with the rise in gasoline costs, alternative energy sources are being explored.
Embracing knowledge gaps: a pathway to growth for marketers
Authors: Boateng Sheena Lovia
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This is a conceptual paper that draws on African symbolic concepts and integrates insights from knowledge management and marketing literature. The paper develops a practical framework, the LEARN model, to guide marketers in leveraging knowledge gaps for continuous learning and development.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explores how embracing knowledge gaps, inspired by the African Adinkra symbol “Nea Onnim No Sua A, Ohu” (He who does not know can know from learning), can enhance marketing practices. The study proposes a framework showing how marketers can transform knowledge gaps into growth opportunities while maintaining trust and credibility.

Findings

The paper reveals that recognizing and embracing knowledge gaps should be viewed as an opportunity rather than a weakness. Through the LEARN model (Leverage Admission, Encourage Curiosity, Access Resources, Recognize Growth, Nurture Learning Culture), marketers can create environments that foster growth, trust and ethical practices.

Practical implications

The LEARN model provides actionable strategies for organizations and marketing practitioners to address knowledge gaps while maintaining credibility. By normalizing the acknowledgement of knowledge limitations and fostering a culture of curiosity and growth, marketers can enhance their effectiveness and build stronger relationships with clients and other employees.

Originality/value

The paper offers a unique integration of African philosophical concepts with modern marketing and knowledge management practices. It introduces a culturally grounded approach to knowledge gaps and proposes a practical model that aligns traditional wisdom with contemporary business needs.
Using a hybrid method to assess the consequence of hazards on the project success factors
Authors: Tayebi Arman , Abbasianjahromi Hamidreza , Aghakarimi Mehdi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Accidents that frequently occur in the construction industry and result in lost human resources, financial resource waste, delays in project scheduling and other negative effects can ultimately overshadow the development of a nation. Because of this, evaluating hazards and subsequently identifying destructive hazards can significantly increase the safety of projects.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the fact that construction accidents are predictable, this research tried to rank the hazards of this industry using an efficient method so that they can be controlled. Also, due to the uncertainty in experts’ opinions, neutrosophic theory was used along with Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to consider uncertainty and achieve more accurate results. After identifying six major hazards, among others, these hazards were evaluated by 15 experts using five predefined criteria in the form of a questionnaire.

Findings

By implementing neutrosophic theory and the MARCOS method, the hazard of explosion and fire with 0.765 was assigned the highest importance. Based on the criteria that threaten the success of the project, the hazards of this research were ranked.

Originality/value

This research introduces a novel approach to hazard assessment by incorporating project success factors. This not only enhances safety management but also contributes to the improvement of overall project management deliveries. The innovation lies in the application of a hybrid method that combines MARCOS and neutrosophic theory, allowing for a comprehensive consideration of uncertainties in the assessment process.
Environmental regulation policy and enterprise digital transformation: evidence from low-carbon city policies in China
Authors: Zhao Gang , Zhang Jianhao , Chen Wanyi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Low-carbon city policies (LCCP) are crucial environmental regulatory frameworks driving China’s transition toward a low-carbon economy. This study investigated the impact of LCCP on enterprise digital transformation (EDT).

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a staggered difference-in-differences model for Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2021. It also used a cross-sectional model for further analysis.

Findings

We found that the implementation of LCCP can promote EDT. This impact was more pronounced among enterprises with greater media attention in high-energy-consumption industries and well-developed economic areas.

Practical implications

This study has practical implications for the LCCP, as it evaluates the consequences of macro-level LCCP on micro-level corporate economic consequences. It provides an important reference for developing countries to implement LCCP and promote green industry upgrading.

Originality/value

This study broadens the impact of the LCCP, providing valuable insights into substantiating carbon neutrality goals and fostering the influencing factors of EDT.
What does sustainable development goals knowledge contribute to? A longitudinal study of values and sustainable behaviour in university students
Authors: Ortiz-Gómez Mar , Melero-Bolaños Rosa , Muñoz-Ocaña Yolanda , de los Ríos‐Berjillos Araceli
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Based on the values of the students and the work carried out by the university to publicise the sustainable development goals (SDGs), this study aims to analyse how the university can influence the sustainable behaviour of students.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is quantitative research based on a survey of 814 students with a degree in business administration and management. An ad hoc instrument was designed for the study, consisting of 14 values and 13 sustainable behaviours, considering the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, social and environmental. The students answered the survey at two points, at the beginning and end of the semester. Data analysis was based on the SmartPLS structural equation model.

Findings

The results showed that the role of values is more decisive than SDGs knowledge in explaining sustainable behaviour. SDGs knowledge initially has an explanatory role in sustainable behaviour and a mediating role between values and sustainable behaviour. More excellent SDG knowledge does not change sustainable behaviour but it helps students to have a more critical view of their sustainable behaviours.

Practical implications

Practical implications are drawn for designing university actions that reinforce the change in sustainable behaviour to contribute to sustainable development, considering their greater capacity to influence instrumental values.

Originality/value

As far as the authors have been able to investigate, no studies have addressed the research objectives that the authors raise in this paper. The short-term longitudinal analysis allows for the conclusion of the intervention’s impact and effectiveness at the university.
Influence of game context on sport fan dietary choices: framing food attributes to promote healthier eating
Authors: Chang Yonghwan , Mansfield Aaron C. , Yoo Taewoong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study investigates the intersection between nutrition and sport management, focusing on how sport fans' dietary choices are influenced by the framing of food attributes in different game contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

Two experiments were conducted around American football events to examine these choices. Experiment 1 utilized a 2 (Perceptions of Rivalry Games: Rivalry vs. Non-Rivalry) × 3 (Perceived Food Attributes: Energy vs. Healthiness vs. Environmental-Friendliness) between-subjects design. Experiment 2 employed a 2 (Game Outcome: Victory vs. Loss) × 3 (Perceived Food Attributes: Energy vs. Healthiness vs. Environmental-Friendliness) between-subjects design.

Findings

The findings revealed that during rivalry games or after their favorite teams' losses, fans tend to prefer high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods framed as energy sources. Conversely, victories prompt fans to opt for healthier and more environmentally friendly food choices.

Originality/value

This research provides novel insights into how a performance-driven mindset influences dietary choices among sport spectators. The results offer practical implications for sport managers and marketers, emphasizing the importance of strategically framing food attributes at sporting events to encourage healthier eating behaviors among fans. By leveraging these insights, sport organizations can enhance fan experiences and promote overall well-being.
A proposed zakat model for digital assets from the Shariah perspective
Authors: Rosele Muhammad Ikhlas , Muneem Abdul , Ali Abdul Karim , Che Seman Azizi , Haji Abdullah Luqman , Abdul Rahman Noor Naemah , Sukor Mohd Edil Abd
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose and develop a zakat model for digital assets from the Sharīʿah perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts a qualitative research method while studying the literature thoroughly, and it analyzes the data through an exploratory research approach to propose a zakat model for the digital assets.

Findings

This research aims to develop a zakat model for digital assets within the framework of Sharīʿah. Using a qualitative research method, the study thoroughly examines existing literature and uses an exploratory research approach to propose this zakat model. The findings suggest that digital assets hold the potential to be considered for zakat in the contemporary digital age. Previous studies indicate that both commodity-based and currency-based digital assets meet the criteria for zakat imposition. Given zakat’s significant impact on socioeconomic development, it is imperative to carefully manage these assets to maximize their potential benefits. However, variations in interpretations by different jurisdictions and Sharīʿah scholars regarding the understanding and classification of digital assets lead to ongoing scrutiny from legal and religious perspectives. This research aims to contribute to the discourse by proposing a zakat model for digital assets and identifying potential assets eligible for zakat.

Originality/value

This research seems to be the pioneer in providing a zakat model for digital assets, combining different segments of digital assets.