bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les pêches maritimes : un terrain d’expérimentation de la géoprospective
Authors: Tissière Laurie , Mahévas Stéphanie , Michel Charlotte , Trouillet Brice
Published: July 2017

La prospective construit des scénarios d’évolution – pour la planification ou pour la protection de l’environnement – dans le but de susciter la discussion et la mise en perspective des visions d’avenir. Cette démarche orientée vers le futur rencontre un tournant spatial avec l’émergence de la géoprospective qui, en spatialisant les conjectures, permet de mettre en évidence des dynamiques géographiques et d’intégrer les enjeux spatiaux dans le débat. Une application participative de géoprospective aux pêches maritimes présente un double intérêt. Le premier est scientifique : il s’agit de contribuer aux corpus méthodologique et épistémologique de la géoprospective. En effet, la proposition de méthode permet de discuter la fonction des modèles, d’une part, et le rôle des chercheurs et des acteurs, d’autre part. Le second intérêt d’une géoprospective des pêches maritimes est opérationnel : l’amélioration de la connaissance collective sur les dynamiques et les enjeux sociospatiaux des pêches est de nature à faciliter le dialogue entre parties prenantes. À terme, ce dialogue peut être prolongé sous la forme d’une stratégie de gestion coconstruite.
Building a prospective participatory approach for long-term agricultural sustainability in the Lezíria do Tejo region (Portugal)
Authors: ABRANTES Patrícia , QUEIRÓS Margarida , MOUSSELIN Guilhem , RUAULT Claire , ANGINOT Étienne , FONTES Inês
Published: July 2017

Addressing the gaps between theory, research and practice, this paper explores a hybrid mindset of participatory action research (PAR), geoprospective and participatory geographical information system (PGIS). This approach brings together stakeholders, policy-makers and researchers – in an agricultural peri-urban region of Portugal, the Lezíria do Tejo region – to anticipate the possible changes in agricultural territories, while taking spatial dynamics into account. It uses a four-step methodology which integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches to select stakeholders’ interview areas, implement prospective workshops to engage and explore the stakeholders’ interests and encourage actions towards finding solutions for long-term agricultural sustainability in this region. The results from our study highlight that more participative approaches such as the ones developed here must be implemented towards decision-making, since they help to dispel the distrust between stakeholders, strengthen community cohesion and also contribute to build common solutions drawing upon various perspectives. From a PAR perspective, this work contributes to bridge the gap between academia and practitioners, as is shown by a willingness of the practitioners to actively participate in the research under progress.
L’offre résidentielle destinée aux aînés : le cas des active adult communities (AAC) aux États-Unis
Authors: Billard Gérald , CHEVALIER Jacques , MADORÉ François
Published: July 2017

Dès les années 1950, desactive adult communities(AAC), ouretirement communities, sont apparues et ont proliféré aux États-Unis, en particulier mais pas exclusivement dans les États de laSun Belt. Cette territorialisation par l’âge constitue de fait l’une des catégories emblématiques de la construction d’une forme d’entre-soi et du phénomène desgated communities, même si toutes ces communautés résidentielles ne sont pas fermées, loin s’en faut. Dans un premier temps, nous reviendrons sur l’état de l’art portant sur cette forme d’habitat, à travers une recension de la littérature scientifique. Nous poursuivrons en explorant une méthode de recensement des AAC pour dégager les caractéristiques de cette offre et en révéler la segmentation. Nous terminerons en focalisant sur la Floride, de façon à montrer comment certains territoires se spécialisent dans cette offre résidentielle à l’intention des aînés, ce qui permettra par la même occasion de caractériser l’environnement interne et l’environnement proche de ces communautés résidentielles.
Out of Africa: An alternative scenario for the first human dispersal in Eurasia
Authors: Agustí Jordí , Lordkipanidze David
Published: July 2017

Recent paleoanthropological evidence from the early Pleistocene site of Dmanisi in Georgia has revealed that the first hominins out of Africa were more archaic than the coeval African and Asian Homo erectus. More evidence suggests that these archaic hominins were forest dwellers rather than savannah inhabitants. Between 1.8 and 1.6 million years ago a climate crisis caused a new spread of savannah and arid zones across large parts of Africa. As a consequence, early Homo populations splitted, with some populations becoming adapted to the new ecological conditions and others following woodland areas in their regression.
La evolución del género ‘Homo’: Nuevas incógnitas y perspectivas
Authors: Agustí Jordí
Published: July 2017

En este trabajo se pasa revista a las principales cuestiones que afectan a la evolución del género Homo, como es el caso de su origen, el problema de la variabilidad en Homo erectus y el impacto de la paleogenómica. Todavía no se ha llegado a un consenso sobre el candidato australopitecino que dio lugar a los primeros representantes asignables a Homo. Esta discusión afecta incluso al propio reconocimiento de las especies H. habilis y H. rudolfensis. Por lo que respecta a la cuestión de la variabilidad de los primeros paleodemes asignados a Homo, los hallazgos realizados en el yacimiento georgiano de Dmanisi han puesto en cuestión algunos de los criterios utilizados hasta ahora para distinguir entre especies como H. erectus o H. ergaster. Finalmente, la irrupción de la paleogenómica ha puesto en evidencia que el flujo genético entre antiguas poblaciones de homininos fue mayor de lo esperado.
Preparation of axial-type wire-structure crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Shirayanagi Yusuke , Yashiki Yasutoshi , Kato Shinya , Konagai Makoto
Published: July 2017

The fabrication of an axial-type microwire-structure silicon (Si-MW) solar cell has been studied, and it is compared with the radial-type Si-MW solar cell. In this study, a number of microwires were formed on a p-type Si wafer and an n-layer were fabricated on the top region of microwires to form p–n junctions. After that, Si-MWs were filled with an Al1−

x
O
x
film, deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition, and silica particles, respectively. Then, the Al1−

x
O
x
film and silica particles on the n-layer were removed by chemical mechanical polishing to form an electrical contact with the electrode. As a result, we obtained a conversion efficiency of 8.2% from the axial-type Si-MW solar cell. In addition, compared with a radial-type Si-MW solar cell, a higher quantum efficiency was obtained in the short-wavelength region (300–600 nm) for the axial-type Si-MW solar cell.
Accelerating the XGBoost algorithm using GPU computing
Authors: Mitchell Rory , Frank Eibe
Published: July 2017

We present a CUDA-based implementation of a decision tree construction algorithm within the gradient boosting library XGBoost. The tree construction algorithm is executed entirely on the graphics processing unit (GPU) and shows high performance with a variety of datasets and settings, including sparse input matrices. Individual boosting iterations are parallelised, combining two approaches. An interleaved approach is used for shallow trees, switching to a more conventional radix sort-based approach for larger depths. We show speedups of between 3× and 6× using a Titan X compared to a 4 core i7 CPU, and 1.2× using a Titan X compared to 2× Xeon CPUs (24 cores). We show that it is possible to process the Higgs dataset (10 million instances, 28 features) entirely within GPU memory. The algorithm is made available as a plug-in within the XGBoost library and fully supports all XGBoost features including classification, regression and ranking tasks.
FRET‐based binding assay between a fluorescent cAMP analogue and a cyclic nucleotide‐binding domain tagged with a CFP
Authors: Romero Francisco , Santana‐Calvo Carmen , Sánchez‐Guevara Yoloxochitl , Nishigaki Takuya
Published: July 2017

The cyclic nucleotide‐binding domain (CNBD) functions as a regulatory domain of many proteins involved in cyclic nucleotide signalling. We developed a straightforward and reliable binding assay based on intermolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between an adenosine‐3′, 5′‐cyclic monophosphate analogue labelled with fluorescein and a recombinant CNBD of human EPAC1 tagged with a cyan fluorescence protein (CFP). The high FRET efficiency of this method (~ 80%) allowed us to perform several types of binding experiments with nanomolar range of sample using conventional equipment. In addition, the CFP tag on the CNBD enabled us to perform a specific binding experiment using an unpurified protein. Considering these advantages, this technique is useful to study poorly characterized CNBDs.
Dehydration‐induced instabilities at intermediate depths in subduction zones
Authors: Brantut Nicolas , Stefanou Ioannis , Sulem Jean
Published: July 2017

We formulate a model for coupled deformation and dehydration of antigorite, based on a porosity‐dependent yield criterion and including shear‐enhanced compaction. A pore pressure and compaction instability can develop when the net volume change associated with the reaction is negative, i.e., at intermediate depth in subduction zones. The instability criterion is derived in terms of the dependence of the yield criterion on porosity: if that dependence is strong, instabilities are more likely to occur. We also find that the instability is associated with strain localization, over characteristic length scales determined by the hydraulic diffusivity, the elasto‐plastic parameters of the rock, and the reaction rate. Typical lower bounds for the localization length are of the order of 10 to 100 for antigorite dehydration and deformation at 3 GPa. The fluid pressure and deformation instability is expected to induce stress buildup in the surrounding rocks forming the subducted slab, which provides a mechanism for the nucleation and propagation of intermediate‐depth earthquakes.
Changes in water properties and flow regime on the continental shelf off the Adélie/George VLand coast, East Antarctica, after glacier tongue calving
Authors: Aoki S. , Kobayashi R. , Rintoul S. R. , Tamura T. , Kusahara K.
Published: July 2017

Oceanic changes before and after the relocation of iceberg B9B and calving of the Mertz Glacier Tongue (MGT) in February 2010 are examined on the continental shelf off the Adélie Land/George V Land coast, East Antarctica. Summer hydrographic observations, including stable oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O), in 2001/2008 and 2011/2015 and results of a numerical model are used. Along the western flank of the MGT, temperature decreased between 2001 and 2015 for most of the water column in the Adélie Depression. δ18O generally decreased, especially at the MGT draft depths on the northern side. West of the MGT, temperature, salinity, and δ18O decreased in the intermediate layer. East of the MGT, in contrast, temperature increased between 2001 and 2011 at intermediate depths, salinity increased in the intermediate and deep layers, and δ18O slightly decreased in the deep layer but did not change much around 300 dbar. The numerical experiment exhibits a change in ocean circulation, revealing an increase in modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) inflow in the east and a decrease in the west. The contrasting changes in mCDW intrusion are consistent between the observations and numerical model, and are indicative of the effect of removal of the ice barriers. The contrast is overlain by overall decreases in salinity and δ18O, which suggests an increase in the continental meltwater fraction of 5–20% and might reveal a wide‐ranging influence from West Antarctica. The oxygen isotope ratio is, hence, effective in monitoring the increase in continental melt over the Antarctic shelf.
Does vapor pressure deficit drive the seasonality of δ13C of the net land‐atmosphere CO2exchange across the United States?
Authors: Raczka B. , Biraud S. C. , Ehleringer J. R. , Lai C.‐T. , Miller J. B. , Pataki D. E. , Saleska S. R. , Torn M. S. , Vaughn B. H. , Wehr R. , Bowling D. R.
Published: July 2017

The seasonal pattern of the carbon isotope content (δ13C) of atmospheric CO2depends on local and nonlocal land‐atmosphere exchange and atmospheric transport. Previous studies suggested that the δ13C of the net land‐atmosphere CO2flux (δsource) varies seasonally as stomatal conductance of plants responds to vapor pressure deficit of air (VPD). We studied the variation ofδsourceat seven sites across the United States representing forests, grasslands, and an urban center. Using a two‐part mixing model, we calculated the seasonalδsourcefor each site after removing background influence and, when possible, removing δ13C variation of nonlocal sources. Compared to previous analyses, we found a reduced seasonal (March–September) variation inδsourceat the forest sites (0.5‰ variation). We did not find a consistent seasonal relationship between VPD andδsourceacross forest (or other) sites, providing evidence that stomatal response to VPD was not the cause of the global, coherent seasonal pattern inδsource. In contrast to the forest sites, grassland and urban sites had a larger seasonal variation inδsource(5‰) dominated by seasonal transitions in C3/C4grass productivity and in fossil fuel emissions, respectively. Our findings were sensitive to the location used to account for atmospheric background variation within the mixing model method that determinedδsource.Special consideration should be given to background location depending on whether the intent is to understand site level dynamics or regional scale impacts of land‐atmosphere exchange. The seasonal amplitude in δ13C of land‐atmosphere CO2exchange (δsource)varied across land cover types and was not driven by seasonal changes in vapor pressure deficit. The largest seasonal amplitudes ofδsourcewere at grassland and urban sites, driven by changes in C3/C4grass productivity and fossil fuel emissions, respectively. Mixing model approaches may incorrectly calculateδsourcewhen background atmospheric observations are remote and/or prone to anthropogenic influence.
t‐Darpp is an elongated monomer that binds calcium and is phosphorylated by cyclin‐dependent kinases 1 and 5
Authors: Momand Jamil , Magdziarz Patrycja , Feng You , Jiang Dianlu , Parga Elizabeth , Celis Arianna , Denny Erin , Wang Xiaoying , Phillips Martin L. , Monterroso Estuardo , Kane Susan E. , Zhou Feimeng
Published: July 2017

t‐Darpp (truncated isoform of dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein) is a protein encoded by the PPP1R1B gene and is expressed in breast, colon, esophageal, gastric, and prostate cancers, as well as in normal adult brain striatal cells. Overexpression of t‐Darpp in cultured cells leads to increased protein kinase A activity and increased phosphorylation of AKT (protein kinase B). In HER2+ breast cancer cells, t‐Darpp confers resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent trastuzumab. To shed light on t‐Darpp function, we studied its secondary structure, oligomerization status, metal‐binding properties, and phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinases 1 and 5. t‐Darpp exhibits 12% alpha helix, 29% beta strand, 24% beta turn, and 35% random coil structures. It binds calcium, but not other metals commonly found in biological systems. The T39 site, critical for t‐Darpp activation of the AKT signaling pathway, is a substrate for phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 5. Gel filtration chromatography, sedimentation equilibrium analysis, blue native gel electrophoresis, and glutaraldehyde‐mediated cross‐linking experiments demonstrate that the majority of t‐Darpp exists as a monomer, but forms low levels (< 3%) of hetero‐oligomers with its longer isoform Darpp‐32. t‐Darpp has a large Stokes radius of 4.4 nm relative to its mass of 19 kDa, indicating that it has an elongated structure.
Light‐Triggered Clustered Vesicles with Self‐Supplied Oxygen and Tissue Penetrability for Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor
Authors: Li Junjie , Wei Kai , Zuo Shuai , Xu Yixuan , Zha Zengshi , Ke Wendong , Chen Huabing , Ge Zhishen
Published: July 2017

Smart nanocarriers are of particular interest for highly effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the field of precision nanomedicine. Nevertheless, a critical challenge still remains in the exploration of potent PDT treatment against hypoxic tumor. Herein, light‐triggered clustered polymeric vesicles for photoinduced hypoxic tumor ablation are demonstrated, which are able to deeply penetrate into the tumor and simultaneously afford oxygen supply upon light irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and poly(amidoamine) dendrimer conjugating chlorin e6/cypate (CC‐PAMAM) are coassembled with reactive‐oxygen‐species‐responsive triblock copolymer into the polymeric vesicles. Upon 805 nm irradiation, the vesicles exhibit the light‐triggered thermal effect that is able to decompose H2O2 into O2, which distinctly ensures the alleviation of tumor hypoxia at tumor. Followed by 660 nm irradiation, the vesicles are rapidly destabilized through singlet oxygen‐mediated cleavage of copolymer under light irradiation and thus allow the release of photoactive CC‐PAMAM from the vesicular chambers, followed by their deep penetration in the poorly permeable tumor. Consequently, the light‐triggered vesicles with both self‐supplied oxygen and deep tissue penetrability achieve the total ablation of hypoxic hypopermeable pancreatic tumor through photodynamic damage. These findings represent a general and smart nanoplatform for effective photoinduced treatment against hypoxic tumor.
Tunable Dimerization and Trimerization of β‐Alkynyl Ketones via Silver Catalysis for Accessing Spiro and Dispiro Compounds Containing 1H‐Isochromene
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Shuai , Lan Xin‐Chan , Paniagua Armando , Hao Wen‐Juan , Li Guigen , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: July 2017

New silver‐catalyzed tunable dimerization and trimerization reactions of β‐alkynyl ketones have been established, enabling multiple C−C bond‐forming events to selectively access skeletally diverse spiroisochromenes with generally good yields. The silver‐enabled bicycloaddition of β‐alkynyl ketones with water offered hydroxylated spiroisochromenes. Without water, spiroisochromenes with a methylene moiety were obtained through catalytic 6‐endo‐dig oxo‐cyclization/[4+2] cycloaddition cascades by using pyridine as additive whereas employment of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate (BiNPO4H) as a Brønsted acid catalyst rendered the unprecedented dispiro trimerization products through double C(sp3)–H functionalization.

magnified image
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Formal Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction: Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzo[a]quinolizine‐2‐ones
Authors: Yao Yuan , Zhu Hai‐Jie , Li Fang , Zhu Cheng‐Feng , Luo Yun‐Fei , Wu Xiang , Kantchev Eric Assen B.
Published: July 2017

A method for the preparation of thermodynamic (4R,11bS)‐benzo[a]quinolizine‐2‐one derivatives in good enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity by a one‐pot oxidative formal aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines and α,β‐unsaturated ketones is described. The reaction proceeds via tandem ruthenium‐catalyzed amine dehydrogenation using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant and a chiral thiourea‐catalyzed formal aza‐[4+2] cycloaddition, providing a step‐economical strategy for the synthesis of these valuable heterocyclic products.

magnified image
Considerations on film reactivity in the aqueous biphasic hydroformylation
Authors: Warmeling H. , Schneider A.‐C. , Vorholt A. J.
Published: July 2017

In experiments and kinetic models it was shown that the reaction rate of the biphasic aqueous hydroformylation of 1‐octene is linear dependent on the created interfacial area. This phenomenon is directly linked to the question whether the reaction takes place in the bulk phase and is mass transfer limitation or at the surface which would mean an increase of reaction space. To evaluate the place of reaction a mass transfer analysis has been carried out. No mass transfer limitation for the gaseous components carbon monoxide and hydrogen as well as the olefin 1‐octene was determined for the aqueous catalyst phase by calculating the Hatta numbers. With this observation it is possible to exclude the mass transfer as a potential influence and hence the aqueous bulk as the place of reaction. Thus the reaction is most probably surface active. This can be either explained the increase in film volume fraction where non‐polar substrate as well as polar catalyst complex is present or through an increased catalyst concentration at the surface through dipole moment fluctuations. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 161–171, 2018
Influence and CFD analysis of cooling air velocity on the purification of aqueous nickel sulfate solutions by freezing
Authors: Hasan Mehdi , Filimonov Roman , John Miia , Sorvari Joonas , Louhi‐Kultanen Marjatta
Published: July 2017

Finite energy resources and their rapidly waning imprint necessitate a sustainable wastewater treatment method. Nature could be exploited to freeze wastewater in locations which experience subzero temperatures during winter. The two most vital components that influence the efficiency of natural freezing are the ambient temperature and air velocity. The turbulent and unsteady air‐cooled natural freezing is simulated for ice crystallization from 0.1 wt % and 1 wt % NiSO4 (aq) solutions. The efficiency of natural freezing is tested for different air velocities (2 ms−1, 5 ms−1) and levels of undercooling (ΔT = 0.5°C, 1°C) from the freezing temperature of the corresponding solution. The airflow in the winter simulator is modeled by computational fluid dynamics to investigate its behavior and to assess its effect on freezing. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 200–208, 2018
Biomimetische Synthese komplexer Flavonoide isoliert aus Daemonorops‐“Drachenblut”
Authors: Schmid Matthias , Trauner Dirk
Published: July 2017

Dragonbloodin A1 und A2 sind ein Paar komplexer Flavonoidtrimere, die aus der Palmenart Daemonorops draco isoliert wurden. Wir präsentieren hier eine kurze Synthese, die ihre relative Konfiguration sowie ihren natürlichen Ursprung aufklärt. Die Synthese zeichnet sich durch biomimetische Reaktionskaskaden aus, an denen sowohl ionische als auch radikalische Intermediate beteiligt sind. Außerdem wird die Beziehung zwischen Dracorhodin, den Dracoflavanen C sowie den Dragonbloodinen A1 und A2 behandelt.
Druckeffekte auf organische Reaktionen in Fluiden – eine neue theoretische Perspektive
Authors: Chen Bo , Hoffmann Roald , Cammi Roberto
Published: July 2017

Dieser Aufsatz zeigt eine neue Perspektive für die Untersuchung chemischer Reaktionen in komprimierten flüssigen Medien auf. Wir beginnen, indem wir die wesentlichen Einsichten zusammenfassen, die in über 50 Jahren experimenteller Studien an organischen Reaktionen in Lösung unter Druck gewonnen wurden. Diese Arbeiten führten zu einer zuverlässigen Beurteilung der kritischen Rolle der Aktivierungs‐ (Δ≠V) und Reaktionsvolumen (ΔV) beim Verständnis von Druckeffekten auf Geschwindigkeiten und Gleichgewichte organischer Reaktionen. Eine kürzlich entwickelte Computermethode, die XP‐PCM‐Methode (XP‐PCM=extreme pressure polarizable continuum model), die quantenchemische Berechnungen von Reaktionswegen von Molekülen unter Druck vornehmen kann, wird eingeführt. Eine Fallstudie der Diels‐Alder‐Cycloaddition von Cyclopentadien mit Ethylen soll – in pädagogischem Detail – der Beschreibung der Methode dienen. Anschließend wenden wir die XP‐PCM‐Methode auf eine Auswahl anderer pericyclischer Reaktionen an, einschließlich der Diels‐Alder‐Cycloaddition von Butadien mit Ethylen, der elektrocyclischen Ringöffnung von Cyclobuten, dem elektrocyclischen Ringschluss von Z‐Hexatrien, der [1,5]‐H‐Verschiebung in Z‐Pentadien und der Cope‐Umlagerung. Diese Reaktionen dienen als Beispiele für einige der häufigsten Kombinationen von Δ≠V und ΔV. Interessante Phänomene, wie die Verschiebung eines Übergangszustands entlang der Reaktionskoordinate, ein Wechsel des geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schrittes und die mögliche Umwandlung eines Übergangszustands in ein stabiles Minimum, werden durch diese Berechnungen aufgedeckt. Ein Profil des Reaktionsvolumens, entsprechend der Änderung des Volumens des reagierenden Moleküls im Verlauf der Reaktion, erweist sich als nützlich.
Oxygenation of Simple Olefins through Selective Allylic C−C Bond Cleavage: A Direct Approach to Cinnamyl Aldehydes
Authors: Liu Jianzhong , Wen Xiaojin , Qin Chong , Li Xinyao , Luo Xiao , Sun Ao , Zhu Bencong , Song Song , Jiao Ning
Published: July 2017

A novel metal‐free allylic C−C σ‐bond cleavage of simple olefins to give valuable cinnamyl aldehydes is reported. 1,2‐Aryl or alkyl migration through allylic C−C bond cleavage occurs in this transformation, which is assisted by an alkyl azide reagent. This method enables O‐atom incorporation into simple unfunctionalized olefins to construct cinnamyl aldehydes. The reaction features simple hydrocarbon substrates, metal‐free conditions, and high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
Highly Selective and Efficient Ring Hydroxylation of Alkylbenzenes with Hydrogen Peroxide and an Osmium(VI) Nitrido Catalyst
Authors: Kwong Hoi‐Ki , Lo Po‐Kam , Yiu Shek‐Man , Hirao Hajime , Lau Kai‐Chung , Lau Tai‐Chu
Published: July 2017

The OsVI nitrido complex, OsVI(N)(quin)2(OTs) (1, quin=2‐quinaldinate, OTs=tosylate), is a highly selective and efficient catalyst for the ring hydroxylation of alkylbenzenes with H2O2 at room temperature. Oxidation of various alkylbenzenes occurs with ring/chain oxidation ratios ranging from 96.7/3.3 to 99.9/0.1, and total product yields from 93 % to 98 %. Moreover, turnover numbers up to 6360, 5670, and 3880 can be achieved for the oxidation of p‐xylene, ethylbenzene, and mesitylene, respectively. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the active intermediate is an OsVIII nitrido oxo species.
Ecofriendly modification of acetosolv lignin from oil palm biomass for improvement of PMMA thermo‐oxidative properties
Authors: de Oliveira Davi Rabelo , Nogueira Izabel de Menezes , Maia Francisco Jonas Nogueira , Rosa Morsyleide Freitas , Mazzetto Selma Elaine , Lomonaco Diego
Published: July 2017

The environmentally friendly esterification of acetosolv lignin (AL), obtained from pressed oil palm mesocarp fibers, is described, for the improvement of thermo‐oxidative properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. Acetylation of AL was performed in ecofriendly conditions using acetic anhydride in the absence of catalysts. Acetylated acetosolv lignin (AAL) was successfully obtained in only 12 min with a solvent‐free and catalyst‐free microwave‐assisted procedure. Lignins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), confirming the efficacy of the methodology employed. AL and AAL as fillers in different concentrations (1% and 5%) were added to PMMA films. The thermal and mechanical properties of the lignin‐incorporated films were analyzed by TGA, DSC, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The films incorporated with lignin and acetylated lignin presented initial degradation temperature (Tonset) and onset oxidative temperature (OOT) values higher than pure PMMA films, contributing thus to an enhancement of thermo‐oxidative stability of PMMA. The DMA analyses showed that incorporation of AL or AAL increased the storage modulus (E′) of PMMA films, but did not affect their glass‐transition temperatures (Tg). The results indicate the potential use of oil palm mesocarp lignin to enhance the thermo‐oxidative properties of PMMA without compromising its mechanical response. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45498.
Evaluation of CO2 adsorption capacity of electrospun carbon fibers with thermal and chemical activation
Authors: Kim Dong Woo , Jung Dong Won , Adelodun Adedeji A. , Jo Young Min
Published: July 2017

The use of urea was investigated as an alternative to the poisonous and expensive NH3 gas, commonly used for amination of adsorbents. First, we fabricated activated carbon nanofibers (AnFs) by electrospinning of urea‐doped polyacrylonitrile solution (N‐AnF). By increasing the activation temperature, the average specific surface area (SBET) and micropore volume (Vmicro) of pristine nFs improved from 27.3 to 300 m2/g and 0.004 to 0.13 cm3/g, respectively. Upon urea doping, both properties were further enhanced to 542 m2/g and 0.22 cm3/g, respectively. However, with chemical investigation via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we observed that the urea‐doping incorporated more of less desired quaternary‐N, along with other more basic and desirable N‐functionalities (i.e., nitrile, pyridinic, pyrrolic N) tethered. Based on the eventual CO2 adsorption results, we realized that average pore diameter (davg) is a limiting factor with regard to CO2 adsorption by AnFs; the lower the davg, the better the adsorption. Further examination via adsorption isotherm model fitting showed that CO2 molecules were homogenously collected in a monolayer pattern. However, three‐parameter model Redlich–Peterson model best fits the experimental data, suggesting that the adsorption is concentration‐driven and that it tends toward Langmuir rather than Freundlich at elevated concentration of CO2. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45534.
A review on comparative mechanistic studies of antimicrobial peptides against archaea
Authors: Varnava Kyriakos G. , Ronimus Ron S. , Sarojini Vijayalekshmi
Published: July 2017

Archaea was until recently considered as a third domain of life in addition to bacteria and eukarya but recent studies support the existence of only two superphyla (bacteria and archaea). The fundamental differences between archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryal cells are probably the main reasons for the comparatively lower susceptibility of archaeal strains to current antimicrobial agents. The possible emerging pathogenicity of archaea and the role of archaeal methanogens in methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, has led many researchers to examine the sensitivity patterns of archaea and make attempts to find agents that have significant anti‐archaeal activity. Even though antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are well known with several published reviews concerning their mode of action against bacteria and eukarya, to our knowledge, to date no reviews are available that focus on the action of these peptides against archaea. Herein, we present a review on all the peptides that have been tested against archaea. In addition, in an attempt to shed more light on possible future work that needs to be performed we have included a brief overview of the chemical characteristics, spectrum of activity, and the known mechanism of action of each of these peptides against bacteria and/or fungi. We also discuss the nature of and key physiological differences between Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya that are relevant to the development of anti‐archaeal peptides. Despite our relatively limited knowledge about archaea, available data suggest that AMPs have an even broader spectrum of activity than currently recognized.
Preselection of recombinant gene integration sites enabling high transcription rates in CHO cells using alternate start codons and recombinase mediated cassette exchange
Authors: Baumann Martina , Gludovacz Elisabeth , Sealover Natalie , Bahr Scott , George Henry , Lin Nan , Kayser Kevin , Borth Nicole
Published: July 2017

Site‐specific recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) enables the transfer of the gene of interest (GOI) into pre‐selected genomic locations with defined expression properties. For the generation of recombinant production cell lines, this has the advantage that screening for high transcription rates at the genome integration site would be required only once, with the possibility to reuse the selected site for new products. Here, we describe a strategy that aims at the selection of transcriptionally active genome integration sites in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells by using alternate start codons in the surface reporter protein CD4, in combination with FACS sorting for high expressers. The alternate start codon reduces the translation initiation efficiency and allows sorting for CHO cells with the highest transcription rates, while RMCE enables the subsequent exchange of the CD4 against the GOI. We have shown that sorted cell pools with the CD4 reporter gene containing the alternate start codon CTG lead to higher GFP signals and higher antibody titers upon RMCE as compared to cell pools containing the ATG start codon of the CD4 reporter. Despite the absence of any subcloning step, the final cell pool contained the CD4 gene in a single genome integration site.
Development of aptamers against unpurified proteins
Authors: Goto Shinichi , Tsukakoshi Kaori , Ikebukuro Kazunori
Published: July 2017

SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) has been widely used for the generation of aptamers against target proteins. However, its requirement for pure target proteins remains a major problem in aptamer selection, as procedures for protein purification from crude bio‐samples are not only complicated but also time and labor consuming. This is because native proteins can be found in a large number of diverse forms because of posttranslational modifications and their complicated molecular conformations. Moreover, several proteins are difficult to purify owing to their chemical fragility and/or rarity in native samples. An alternative route is the use of recombinant proteins for aptamer selection, because they are homogenous and easily purified. However, aptamers generated against recombinant proteins produced in prokaryotic cells may not interact with the same proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells because of posttranslational modifications. Moreover, to date recombinant proteins have been constructed for only a fraction of proteins expressed in the human body. Therefore, the demand for advanced SELEX methods not relying on complicated purification processes from native samples or recombinant proteins is growing. This review article describes several such techniques that allow researchers to directly develop an aptamer from various unpurified samples, such as whole cells, tissues, serum, and cell lysates. The key advantages of advanced SELEX are that it does not require a purification process from a crude bio‐sample, maintains the functional states of target proteins, and facilitates the development of aptamers against unidentified and uncharacterized proteins in unpurified biological samples.
Enhancement of Solubility and Bioavailability of Quercetin by Inclusion Complexation with the Cavity of Mono‐6‐deoxy‐6‐aminoethylamino‐β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Park Kyeong Hui , Choi Jae Min , Cho Eunae , Jeong Daham , Shinde Vijay Vilas , Kim Hyungsup , Choi Youngjin , Jung Seunho
Published: July 2017

Quercetin (QUE) has a wide range of health benefits; however, its application is limited due to its low solubility. We synthesized mono‐6‐deoxy‐6‐aminoethylamino‐β‐cyclodextrin (Et‐β‐CD) to overcome this limitation. The solubility of QUE was increased 35.1‐fold compared with QUE, by its complexation with Et‐β‐CD. Changes in physicochemical properties following successful complexation were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The complexation behavior of QUE and Et‐β‐CD in aqueous solution was monitored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D rotating frame nuclear overhauser, and diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy. The molecular docking simulation showed that the oblong shaped QUE is suitable for the formation of a stable complex with a characteristic cavity of Et‐β‐CD. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and photostability of QUE was also improved after its complexation with Et‐β‐CD. From these results, we suggest that the characteristic elliptical cavity of Et‐β‐CD can be utilized for other hardly soluble drug molecules, which can expand the development of drug delivery systems.
What Drives Green Product Development and How do Different Antecedents Affect Market Performance? A Survey of Italian Companies with Eco‐Labels
Authors: Dangelico Rosa Maria
Published: July 2017

Green products can play a key role in the achievement of sustainable development goals. Through a survey of 188 Italian companies with eco‐labeled green products, this study aims at understanding the relative importance of several motivations to develop green products, the influence of different motivations and firm characteristics on green product features (radicalness and differentiation), and which factors affect market performance of green products.

This study reports a ranking of 49 motivations, highlighting that the most relevant are related to the prospect of market benefits. Results also show that product radicalness and differentiation have partially different antecedents in terms of motivations, while being a family firm positively influences only product differentiation. With regards to factors affecting market performance of green products, prospect of market benefits, availability of new technologies, firm foreign ownership, product radicalness and differentiation show a positive influence, while firm age displays a negative effect.
Does Financial Development Affect Environmental Degradation? Evidence from the OECD Countries
Authors: Halkos George E. , Polemis Michael L.
Published: July 2017

In this study, building a simple model that incorporates static and dynamic elements, the relationship of financial development and economic growth to environmental degradation is investigated together with the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Our analysis is based on an unbalanced panel data set covering the OECD countries over the period 1970–2014. Our approach thoroughly accounts for the presence of cross‐sectional dependence between the sample variables and utilizes second generation panel unit root tests in order to investigate possible cointegration relationships. The empirical findings do indicate that local (NOx per capita emissions) and global (CO2 per capita emissions) pollutants redefine the EKC hypothesis when we account for the presence of financial development indicators. Specifically, in the case of global pollution an N‐shape relationship is evident in both static and dynamic frameworks, with a very slow adjustment. Lastly, our study calls for a strengthening of the effectiveness of environmental degradation policies by ensuring sustainability of the OECD banking system in order to drastically reduce emissions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Optimal control for micro‐algae on a raceway model
Authors: Hurst Todd , Rehbock Volker
Published: July 2017

We apply numerical optimal control methods to an existing algae growth model with the aim to determine the best performance of the model under known conditions using a variety of decision variables. We transform the system of differential algebraic equations in the existing model to a system of ordinary differential equations which introduces dynamics for average light intensity and chlorophyll. In addition, we allow for variable nitrogen concentration of the inflow as well as variable initial nitrogen concentration of the raceway. Our main focus is on optimizing of the production of lipids. We calculate both open and closed loop optimal controllers and test their robustness. Finally, we also consider raceway depth as a decision variable. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:107–119, 2018
Thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism using the superficial veins of the upper extremity
Authors: Kusick Joseph , Salamat Judd , Sanghvi Kintur
Published: July 2017

This report describes a novel approach of accessing the superficial veins of the upper extremity for the treatment of pulmonary emboli (PE) with an ultrasound enhanced thrombolytic infusion catheter. In a patient suffering from saddle PE and impending right heart failure, separate basilic and cephalic venous access sites in the right arm were utilized to insert EKOS EndoWave Infusion Catheter (EKOS Corporation, Bothell, WA) insertion in each pulmonary artery (PA). This technique could be advantageous, particularly for patients at high risk for access site complications and those unable to lie supine for prolonged duration of infusion therapy.
Incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes of early stent thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty (insights from the University of Ottawa Heart Institute STEMI registry)
Authors: Singh Kuljit , Rashid Mohammed , So Derek Y. , Glover Christopher A. , Froeschl Michael , Hibbert Benjamin , Chong Aun‐Yeong , Dick Alexander , Labinaz Marino , Le May Michel
Published: July 2017

Background

Early stent thrombosis (ST) remains an important complication of primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). To date, our information on angiographic and clinical predictors of early ST in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary PCI is limited.

Methods

We tried to evaluate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early ST in real‐world patients treated with primary PCI. We identified all the patients presenting with STEMI between June 2004 and January 2011 who underwent primary PCI as the primary mode of revascularization. Diagnosis of ST was made as per the standard definition proposed by the Academic Research Consortium.

Results

The incidence of early ST was 1% among 2,303 patients treated with primary PCI. Definite and probable early ST occurred in 22 and 2 patients, respectively. Patients with early ST had higher in‐hospital (P = 0.03) and 30‐day mortality (P = 0.048). The rate of cardiogenic shock (P = 0.0006) and cerebrovascular accident (P = 0.0004) was also greater in the early ST group. Smaller stent diameter and lower use of intracoronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor were associated with higher rate of early ST. There was a trend of higher bivalirudin use in ST group, which did not reach significance (P = 0.07) On IVUS imaging, stent malapposition and uncovered plaque area were noted in 6 out of 11 cases.

Conclusion

The incidence of early ST in primary PCI cohort is low. However, it is still associated with higher mortality and morbidity. Small stent diameter and disuse of intracoronary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor may be associated with early ST.
Control of Reversible Activation Dynamics of [Ru{η6:κ1‐C6H5(C6H4)NH2}(XY)]n+ and the Effect of Chelating‐Ligand Variation
Authors: Martínez‐Peña Francisco , Pizarro Ana M.
Published: July 2017

The potential use of organoruthenium complexes as anticancer drugs is well known. Herein, a family of activatable tethered ruthenium(II) arene complexes of general formula [Ru{η6:κ1‐C6H5(C6H4)NH2}(XY)]n+ (closed tether ring) bearing different chelating XY ligands (XY=aliphatic diamine, phenylenediamine, oxalato, bis(phosphino)ethane) is reported. The activation of these complexes (closed‐ to open‐tether conversion) occurs in methanol and DMSO at different rates and to different reaction extents at equilibrium. Most importantly, RuII‐complex activation (cleavage of the Ru−Ntether bond) occurs in aqueous solution at high proton concentration (upon Ntether protonation). The activation dynamics can be modulated by rational variation of the XY chelating ligand. The electron‐donating capability and steric hindrance of XY have a direct impact on the reactivity of the Ru−N bond, and XY=N,N′‐dimethyl‐, N,N′‐diethyl‐, and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine afford complexes that are more prone to activation. Such activation in acidic media is fully reversible, and proton concentration also governs the deactivation rate, that is, tether‐ring closure slows down with decreasing pH. Interaction of a closed‐tether complex and its open‐tether counterpart with 5′‐guanosine monophosphate revealed selectivity of the active (open) complex towards interaction with nucleobases. This work presents ruthenium tether complexes as exceptional pH‐dependent switches with potential applications in cancer research.
Non‐Planar [n]Cyclo‐1,8‐carbazolylenes (n=3,4,6) and [3]Cyclo‐1,8‐carbazolylenyl B, P, PO, SiPh Complexes
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Pandit Palash , Higashibayashi Shuhei
Published: July 2017

A new family of non‐planar heterocyclic molecules consisting of carbazoles was created. A bowl‐shaped cyclodimer, a flake‐shaped cyclotrimer, a double‐decker‐ring‐shaped cyclotetramer and a cyclohexamer were synthesized by Ni0‐mediated one‐shot cyclo‐oligomerization of 1,8‐dibromocarbazole, and were named [n]cyclo‐1,8‐carbazolylenes (n=3,4,6). [3]Cyclo‐1,8‐carbazolylene was found to act as a trivalent tridentate ligand for heteroatoms (B, P, Si), giving flake‐shaped complexes. The boron derivative acted as a Lewis acid, and the tetra‐coordinated complexes showed an unprecedented red‐shift of absorption and emission spectra by the coordination. The synthetic method, the distorted C2 or C1 symmetric shape, the trivalent tridentate coordination ability and the kinds of introduced heteroatoms of [3]cyclo‐1,8‐carbazolylenes, the electronic structure, the photophysical property, and the Lewis acidity were distinct from those of related subporphyrins/subphthalocyanines.
Adolescent body mass index and risk of colon and rectal cancer in a cohort of 1.79 million Israeli men and women: A population‐based study
Authors: Levi Zohar , Kark Jeremy D. , Katz Lior H. , Twig Gilad , Derazne Estela , Tzur Dorit , Leibovici Weissman Yaara , Leiba Adi , Lipshiez Irena , Keinan Boker Lital , Afek Arnon
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

This study examined the association between the body mass index (BMI) in late adolescence and the risk of colon and rectal cancer.

METHODS

This study analyzed a cohort of 1,087,358 Jewish men and 707,212 Jewish women who underwent health examinations at the ages of 16 to 19 years between 1967 and 2002 and were followed by linkage to the national cancer registry up to 2012. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer according to age‐ and sex‐adjusted BMI percentiles from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (overweight, 85th percentile to <95th percentile; obesity, ≥95th percentile).

RESULTS

Over a median follow‐up of 23 years, 2967 incidence cases of colorectal cancer, including 1977 among men (1403 in the colon and 574 in the rectum) and 990 among women (764 in the colon and 226 in the rectum), were identified. Overweight and obesity were associated with the risk for colon cancer among both men (HR for overweight, 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28‐1.84; HR for obesity, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.15‐2.06; statistically significant from a BMI of 23.4 kg/m2 [spline analysis]) and women (HR for overweight, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.22‐1.93; HR for obesity, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.89‐2.57; significant from a BMI of 23.6 kg/m2). Obesity, but not overweight, was associated with a risk for rectal cancer among men (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.11‐2.65; significant from a BMI of 29.6 kg/m2) and women (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 0.90‐4.58; significant from a BMI of 30.6 kg/m2).

CONCLUSIONS

Being overweight or obese in adolescence was associated with an increased risk of subsequent colon cancers in men and women, whereas obesity was associated with rectal cancer. Cancer 2017;123:4022‐30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.