bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERENCANAAN GEOMETRIK DAN PERKERASAN RUAS JALAN BATUKARAS – MADASARI
Authors: Iskandar Asep Saepurrahman
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan suatu wilayah, akan meningkatkan mobilitas orang dan barang, baik di dalam maupun keluar wilayah yang nantinya akan meningkatkan kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana transportasi. Kondisi tersebut apabila tidak diantisipasi sedini mungkin, dikhawatirkan akan terjadinya permasalahan transportasi seperti, kemacetan, kerusakan jalan, dan sebagainya. Pada perencanaan geometrik jalan untuk wilayah Batukaras – Madasari ini memliki panjang rencana yaitu 3,7 km, pembangunan jalan ini merupakan salah satu alat Transportasi yang bertujuan untuk membangun wilayah wisata Madasari. Perencanaan meliputi sebagian besar langkah kerja dari proses analisa. Perencanaan dititik beratkan pada perencanaan geometrik dan perkerasan jalan. Peroses Perencanaan jalan raya di awali dengan pengumpulan data –data yang diperlukan. Data – data didapat dari lapangan berupa data CBR tanah, data ukur dan data – data lainnya yang dibutuhkan. Data – data ini nantinya akan menghasilkan penampang untuk jalan berupa geometrik jalan dan akan menghasilkan perkerasaan jalan berupa pengikat aspal. Pada perencanaan geometrik hanya direncanakan untuk penampang jalannya maka dibutuhkan perencanaan perkerasan jalan supaya jalan dapat dipakai semaksimal mungkin oleh pengguna. Dalam perencanaan batukaras – Madasari terdapat 14 tikungan, 7 lengkung cembung , 7 lengkung cekung Dengan Kecepatan rata – rata 60 – 90 dan lebar perkerasan adalah 2 x 3 m. untuk perkerasaannya menghasilkan perkerasan dengan umur 5 – 10 tahun dengan CBRtanah dasar 5,32. Perkerasan yang dihasilkan yaitu: untuk umur 5 tahun dihasilkan perkerasan laston untuk lapis permukaan tebal 5cm, Batu pecah kelas B untuk lapis antara 20 cm, sirtu kelas A untuk lapis pondasi/ bawah 10 cm. Sedangkan untuk umur 10 tahun dihasilkan perkerasan laston untuk lapis permukaan 9 cm, Batu pecah kelas A untuk lapis antara 15 cm dan perkerasan sirtu/ pitrun Kelas B untuk lapis pondasi/ bawah 10 cm.
EVALUASI SISTEM DRAINASE DI KELURAHAN PAMINGGIR GARUT
Authors: Setiawan Andri , Permana Sulwan
Published: July 2021

Perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembuatan jalan telah lama menyadari bahwa kehadiran air di dalam dan sekitar badan perkerasan jalan akan mempercepat teurunnya kekuatan/kehancuan jalan, setiap alur drainase baik drainase jalan maupun drainase perumahan hendaknya terdapat canal/saluran pembuangan yang mengarahakan aliran ke sungai yang lebih besar.Pengembangan sistem drainase ini dilakukan terhadap data existing dilapangan dengan memperhitungkan rumus-rumus perhitungan yang ada. Adapun langkah-langkah pengembangan sistem drainase ini dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis data curah hujan dan intensitas curah hujan. Untuk perhitungan perencanaan dimensi saluran rumus yang digunakan adalah Q = A . V dimana kesimpulan dari hasil perhitungan tersebut sebagai berikut : Debit rencana Q = 0,18 m/det, kecepatan air saluran V = 0,67 m/det, lebar saluran  b = 1 m tinggi saluran  h =  0,8 m. Hasil dari perhitungan pengembangan sistem drainase ynag telah dianalisis merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari prinsif-prinsif dalam pengembangan sistem drainase. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tejadinya genangan/banjir bukan karena faktor alamiah saja tetapi sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor manusia,sehingga dapat disimpulkan juga bahwa keadaan alam dan keadaan manusia dalam pengembangan sistem drainase dari masalah genangan/banjir saling berkaitan.
Analisis Stabilitas Timbunan dengan Geotextile Woven
Authors: Taufik Muchlisin  , Roestaman
Published: July 2021

Tanah lunak menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang sering ditemukan dilapangan terutamaproyek pembangunan jalan terutama untuk pekerjaan timbunan. Maka perlu metode perbaikan tanah agar tanahtimbunan tetap solid atau tidak longsor. Metode perbaikan tanah yang akan menjadi penelitian adalah metodereplacement soil atau pergantian tanah dikombinasikan dengan geotextile woven sehingga digunakan metodeini bisa menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi tanah lunak di area pekerjaan timbunan.Penelitian ini dibantu denganprogram yang diambil dalam hasil output dari penelitian ini yaitu pola kelongsoran dan faktor keamanan untukstabilitas timbunan. Lokasi penelitian di Proyek Jalan Tol Kayu Agung- Palembang – Betung STA 8+875 –8+975, penilitian ini untuk mengetahui stabilitas timbunan dengan menggunakan metode geotextile danpergantian tanah dasar. Ketinggian tinggi timbunan sebesar 3,11 m dan kedalamam tanah yang akan digantisebesar 2 m material yang digunakan adalah tanah pasir dengan berat volume = 17 kN/m3, c= 15 kN/m3, sudutgeser dalam = 20° dan untuk pembebanan lalu lintas adalah 15 kPa (15 kN/m3) ditambahkan beban perkarasandengan tebal 0,85 m memiliki berat jenis sebesar 19 kN/m3 jadi total beban adalah 31,15 kN/m3 .Hasil analisisini dibantu oleh program finite element untuk metode untuk tanah timbunan tanpa perkuatan faktorkeamanannya sebesar 1,241 belum memenuhi SF yaitu sebesar 1,35, hasil timbunan dengan geotextile adalahsebesar 1,284 masih belum memnuhi dan untuk metode pergantian tanah dasar hasilnya adalah sebesar 1,416.Maka diambil metode replecement soil ditambahkan geotextile untuk struktur timbunan karena memenuhiSF > 1,35.
Analisis Kebutuhan Angkutan Online di Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Pratama Pebi Kharisma , Farida Ida
Published: July 2021

Transportasi memiliki peran yang sangat  penting terhadap perkembangan   suatu kota, sebagai alat bantu untuk mengarahkan pembangunan dan sebagai prasarana bagi pergerakan manusia/barang yang timbul akibat adanya kegiatan diperkotaan tersebut. Dengan perkembangan ilmu tekhnologi saat ini yang dapat mempercepat dan mempermudah kebutuhan masyarakat takterkecuali dalam kebutuhan akan sarana transportasi. Munculnya moda transportasi baru yaitu transportasi berbasis online telah dinikmati namun juga banyak menimbulkan pro dan kontra tersendiri dikalangan masyarakat khususnya di Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kebutuhan angkutan transportasi online  di Kabupaten Garut. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriftif kuantitatif. Data yang dibutuhkan meliputi data Primer dan Skunder dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Hasil analisa menjelaskan bahwa, dari factor waktu, keamanan, kenyamanan, dan juga tariff angkutan hanya factor tarif yang menggunakan transportasi konvensional. Dan menurut kebutuhan armada optimal di Kabupaten Garut tentang angkutan kota (angkot) dari lima trayek yang dianalisa hanya 1 trayek yaitu Terminal Guntur-Cempaka yang jumlah armada optimalnya melebihi dari yang telah ditentukan oleh Dinas Perhubungan. Pengaruh positif munculnya transportasi online adalah meningkatkan daya saing. Sedangkan untuk pengaruh negative terhadap angkutan konvensional adalah mengurangi pendapatan.
Senior nurses’ perceptions of essential soft skills for novice nurses in a private hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia: A phenomenological study
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Bratajaya Cicilia Nony Ayuningsih
Published: July 2021

Background: Nursing jobs are very complex and stressful, and nurses are demanded to have high competency and soft skills to keep their performance. However, the nursing workload often leads to fatigue, and it will be very challenging for novice nurses. Therefore, they need to be trained in soft skills in order to be able to control their emotion and adapt to the situation. Unfortunately, studies on essential soft skills for novice nurses in Indonesia are scarce; further research on this topic is a necessity. 
Objective: This study aimed to explore the perception of senior nurses about the essential soft skills for novice nurses during their work adaptation process.
Methods: This qualitative study used an interpretive phenomenology approach, which was conducted in a private hospital in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews from ten senior nurses selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Gadamer’s hermeneutic approach.
Results: Nine essential soft skills were developed for novice nurses during their transition phase from education to practice, including self-control, initiative, caring, self-motivated, hospitality, flexibility, adaptability, analytical skill, and presentation skill. 
Conclusion: Findings of this study serve as a basis for developing the soft skills of novice nurses in their clinical practice in hospitals in Indonesia. It is also recommended that soft skills should be included in the nursing education curriculum. However, soft skills are essential for novice nurses to succeed in their adaptation and future career.
Coronavirus (Covid19) and Consuming Behavior Based on Psychological Criteria and Quality of Life Perceptions-A Quantitative Research
Authors: Georgi Christina C. , Karayanni Despina A.
Published: July 2021

The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic changed significantly our everyday life. Many established habits have altered and people were imposed to live more distant than before. These brought notable shifts in the way we feel, behave, and consequently in our purchasing ways. This paper aims to investigate whether perceived differences in quality of life, stress, and depression led to different ways of adapting to new imposed behavioral patterns. Furthermore, we tried to identify if these perceptions affected our purchasing ways, during the quarantine period.
Суспільно-політичне життя Миколаєва у 1917 р. на сторінках місцевої преси
Authors: Пархоменко Владислав
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу місцевої періодики в якості джерела з історії суспільно-політичних процесів у Миколаєві протягом 1917 року. Аналізується достовірність наведеного фактичного матеріалу, корисність цієї інформації для відображення політичного життя доби Української революції.

Наголошено, що активне залучення матеріалів періодики сприятиме формуванню доволі об’єктивної картини перебігу історичних подій, активізуватиме вивчення державотворчих процесів початку ХХ ст. вітчизняною історіографією.
Prueba diagnóstica entre la citología, biopsia por congelación e histopatología en el diagnóstico del Nódulo Tiroideo en pacientes atendidos en Solca desde el año 2009 – 2017.
Authors: Murillo Bacilio Magdali del Rocío , Palta González Araceli Miroslava , Patiño Murillo Gabriela Elizabeth , Campoverde Merchán EDITOR: Dr. Felipe Xavier
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La citología de nódulos tiroideos es una técnica que, evita procedimientos quirúrgicos innecesarios por lo que se lo ha determinado como primera línea dentro del algoritmo de diagnóstico, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la citología y biopsia por congelación frente al estudio histopatológico en el diagnóstico de nódulos tiroideos en pacientes atendidos en Solca desde el año 2009 - 2017.

Métodos: Es un estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo y de correlación diagnóstica; los datos fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas de pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por nódulos tiroideos con biopsia por congelación, a quienes se les realizó previamente un estudio citológico en el Departamento de patología de SOLCA de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. El cálculo del tamaño de la muestra fue de 324 casos.

Resultados: 324 casos fueron incluidos. El 8.3% correspondió a hombres y el 91.7% a mujeres. La media de la edad fue 51.8 años; la gran mayoría provenían de la provincia Azuay con el 64.8%. En los estudios citológicos el 34.6% [112 casos] corresponden a lesiones inflamatorias benignas; el 11.1% [36 casos] a patologías malignas y 14.2% [46 casos] fueron insatisfactorios. En la biopsia por congelación el mayor porcentaje estuvo concentrado en enfermedades benignas con un 62.6% y 35.5% a lesiones malignas. Hubo 6 casos con el 1.9% en donde fue diferido el criterio diagnóstico. En el histopatológico definitivo el 60.2% [195 casos] fueron patologías benignas y el 39.8% [129 casos] fueron lesiones malignas. La sensibilidad de la PAAF frente a histopatológico es alta con un 91.79%, pero la especificidad es baja con un 51.94%. La sensibilidad y la especifidad de la biopsia por congelación frente a histopatológico es alta con un 98.97% y 90.70% respectivamente lo que le confiere una metodología óptima.

Conclusiones: La PAAF de tiroides demuestra ser una metodología útil en el diagnóstico de nódulos, siempre y cuando sea realizada y observada por personal capacitado. La biopsia por congelación constituye una técnica con alta sensibilidad y especifidad que nos permite discriminar lesiones benignas de las malignas.
Neoplasia Pseudopapilar solida del Páncreas
Authors: Murillo Bacilio Magdali del Rocío , Palta González Araceli Miroslava , León Pesántez María Isabel , Patiño Murillo Gabriela Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La neoplasia pseudopapilar sólida del páncreas es una patología poco frecuente, que se presenta en mujeres jóvenes y es de comportamiento incierto. La prevalencia es del 1-2% y el tratamiento es quirúrgico. En el presente caso se describe a una paciente de sexo femenino de 10 años de edad que muestra esta patología y su correspondiente manejo.

Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, de 10 años de edad, con antecedentes de una nefrectomía hace 6 años por hidronefrosis, refiere dolor abdominal localizado en egigastrio tipo cólico y pérdida de peso. En los estudio de imagen a nivel peritoneal se observa lesión de aspecto ocupativo de tipo sólido neoplásico con área central de probable necrosis y que desplaza en sentido posterior  al páncreas así como al estómago y se asocia con adenomegalias peritoneales y retroperitoneales.

Evolución: La paciente fue sometido a una espleno-pancreatectomía distal. El estudio anatomo-patológico concluyó en neuplasia pseudo papilar sólida del páncreas. Continúa en valoración por consulta externa.

Conclusión: Neoplasia Pseudopapilar sólida del Páncreas debe ser sospechada en pacientes con una masa sólida o quística pancreática con un estudio de imágenes compatibles.
Tratamiento Neoadyuvante en cáncer de mama HER2 positivo. La era de la terapia dirigida
Authors: Hurtado Hurtado Verónica , García Matamoros EDITOR: Katherine
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El tratamiento neodyuvante del cáncer de mama HER2 positivo ha ido evolucionando a través del tiempo, con la implementación de nuevas estrategias de manejo terapéutico. Es de esta manera como el trastuzumab, un anticuerpo monoclonal anti-HER2 sigue siendo el tratamiento estándar en este subtipo de cáncer, los primeros estudios en los que se evidencia su eficacia son el realizado por el Dr. Buzdar y el estudio NOAH en los cuales las pacientes alcanzaron mayores tasas de respuesta patológica completa en comparación con quimioterapia sola, así como también un mayor número de cirugías conservadoras de mama en lugar de mastectomía.

Con el paso de los años se han ido desarrollando nuevas estrategias de manejo terapéutico, así tenemos el doble bloqueo anti-HER2 con los anticuerpos monoclonales trastuzumab y pertuzumab que han mejorado las tasas de respuesta patológica completa. Además se ha incluido al lapatinib un inhibidor de tirosina quinasa como parte de las terapias dirigidas. Se ha dilucidado si las antraciclinas confieren un beneficio adicional al tratamiento neoadyuvante y los estudios demuestran que el beneficio es el mismo que otros esquemas de quimioterapia.

Es en realidad la quimioterapia indispensable en la neoadyuvancia, el estudio PHERGain demuestra que existen pacientes que pueden alcanzar respuesta patológica completa solo con el doble bloqueo anti-her2 (trastuzumab y pertuzumab) lo que evitaría la toxicidad innecesaria por quimioterapia, y se podrían desarrollar estrategias para el manejo de aquellas pacientes que no alcanzaron una respuesta patológica completa posterior al doble bloqueo. Aún queda un campo amplio por explorar y con estudios en curso al momento.
Gliomas de Alto Grado del Adulto: Biología Molecular (Parte I)
Authors: Palacios Paredes Lenin Fabián , Silva Carlos , García Matamoros EDITOR: Katherine
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Los tumores gliales, dentro de las lesiones neuroepiteliales, son las neoplásicas intraaxiales  más comunes. Representan alrededor del 45% de todos los tumores primarios del sistema nervioso central (SNC) y el 77% de todos los tumores primarios malignos del SNC.  El promedio de supervivencia media de los pacientes con glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cuando se utiliza el tratamiento multimodal es de 15-18 meses y de 2 a 5 años con gliomas anaplásicos.  Los tratamientos convencionales de los tumores cerebrales incluyen cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia. El tratamiento quirúrgico representa la primera aproximación para la gran mayoría de tumores cerebrales, sin embargo, la resección total no siempre es alcanzable en relación con la localización del tumor, de vital importancia para preservar estructuras nerviosas o vasculares.

Modalidades de tratamiento agresivas han extendido la supervivencia media, pero la supervivencia a menudo se asocia con un deterioro significativo en la calidad de vida.  La eficacia de quimioterapia sistémica está limitada por la presencia de la barrera hemato encefálica (BHE), la que limita el paso de una amplia variedad de agentes anti cancerígenos, la acción de los agentes alquilantes, está limitado por la activación de metil-guanina-metil-transferasa. El advenimiento de los estudios moleculares permite una nueva evaluación de la biología de los gliomas con, un nivel de precisión que promete interesantes avances hacia el desarrollo de terapias específicas eficaces. Las terapias dirigidas bloquean la activación de vías oncogénicas, ya sea a nivel de la interacción ligando-receptor o mediante la inhibición vías de transducción de señales, corriente abajo, inhibiendo así el crecimiento y la progresión del cáncer.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca de los aspectos relacionados con la patogénesis molecular en la progresión de estos tumores en los adultos, y sus potenciales blancos terapéuticos.
A Novel Bionic Catalyst-Mediated Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Yiling , Hua Shaohua , Suo Weilong , Wang Wenbin , Wang Longhao , Chen Zhengguang , Liu Kefeng , Zhao Jie
Published: July 2021

Ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) proves itself to be a formidable tool in the fight against cancer, due to its large spectrum of uses as a non-invasive therapeutic measure, while also demonstrating itself to be a certain improvement upon traditional SDT therapeutics. However, tumor hypoxia remains to be a major challenge for oxygen-dependent SDT. This study describes the development of an innovative, multi-use, catalyst-based and improved SDT targeting cancer, through the employment of a sonosensitizing curcumin (Cur) load embedded within a MnO2core, together with an extraneous tumor cell membrane component. The latter allows for efficient tumor recognition properties. Hollowed-out MnO2allows for efficient drug delivery, together with catalyzing oxygen generation from hydrogen peroxide present in tumor tissue, leading to enhanced SDT efficacy through the induction of a reduced hypoxic state within the tumor. In addition, Cur acts as a cytotoxic agent in its own right. The results deriving fromin vivostudies revealed that such a biomimetic approach for drug-delivery actually led to a reduced hypoxic state within tumor tissue and a raised tumor-inhibitory effect within mouse models. Such a therapeutic measure attained a synergic SDT-based tumor sensitization treatment option, together with the potential use of such catalysis-based therapeutic formulations in other medical conditions having hypoxic states.
Polypyrrole-Coated Magnetite Vortex Nanoring for Hyperthermia-Boosted Photothermal/Magnetothermal Tumor Ablation Under Photoacoustic/Magnetic Resonance Guidance
Authors: Bao Jianfeng , Guo Shuangshuang , Zu Xiangyang , Zhuang Yuchuan , Fan Dandan , Zhang Yong , Shi Yupeng , Ji Zhenyu , Cheng Jingliang , Pang Xin
Published: July 2021

Photothermal/magnetothermal-based hyperthermia cancer therapy techniques have been widely investigated, and associated nanotechnology-assisted treatments have shown promising clinical potentials. However, each method has some limitations, which have impeded extensive applications. For example, the penetration ability of the photothermal is not satisfactory, while the heating efficiency of the magnetothermal is very poor. In this study, a novel magnetite vortex nanoring nanoparticle-coated with polypyrrole (denoted as nanoring Fe3O4@PPy-PEG) was first synthesized and well-characterized. By combining photothermal and magnetothermal effects, the performance of the dual-enhanced hyperthermia was significantly improved, and was thoroughly examined in this study. Benefiting from the magnetite vortex nanoring and polypyrrole, Fe3O4@PPy-PEG showed excellent hyperthermia effects (SAR = 1,648 Wg–1) when simultaneously exposed to the alternating magnetic field (300 kHz, 45 A) and near-infrared (808 nm, 1 W cm–2) laser. What is more, nanoring Fe3O4@PPy-PEG showed a much faster heating rate, which can further augment the antitumor effect by incurring vascular disorder. Besides, Fe3O4@PPy-PEG exhibited a high transverse relaxation rate [60.61 mM–1 S–1 (Fe)] at a very low B0 field (0.35 T) and good photoacoustic effect. We believe that the results obtained herein can significantly promote the development of multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated magnetic and photo induced efficient hyperthermia therapy.
Expanding TOR Complex 2 Signaling: Emerging Regulators and New Connections
Authors: An Peng , Xu Wenyi , Luo Junjie , Luo Yongting
Published: July 2021

Almost three decades after its seminal discovery, our understanding of the remarkable TOR pathway continues to expand. As a TOR complex, TORC2 lies at the nexus of many signaling pathways and directs a diverse array of fundamental processes such as cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism by integrating environmental and intracellular cues. The dysregulation of TORC2 activity disrupts cellular homeostasis and leads to many pathophysiological conditions. With continued efforts at mapping the signaling landscape, the pace of discovery in TORC2 regulation has been accelerated in recent years. Consequently, emerging evidence has expanded the repertoire of upstream regulators and has revealed unexpected diversity in the modes of TORC2 regulation. Multiple environmental cues and plasma membrane proteins that fine-tune TORC2 activity are unfolding. Furthermore, TORC2 signaling is intricately intertwined with other major signaling pathways. Therefore, feedback and crosstalk regulation also extensively modulate TORC2. In this context, we provide a comprehensive overview of revolutionary concepts regarding emerging regulators of TORC2 and discuss evidence of feedback and crosstalk regulation that shed new light on TORC2 biology.
Aspergillus niger as a Secondary Metabolite Factory
Authors: Yu Ronglu , Liu Jia , Wang Yi , Wang Hong , Zhang Huawei
Published: July 2021

Aspergillus niger, one of the most common and important fungal species, is ubiquitous in various environments. A. niger isolates possess a large number of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and produce various biomolecules as secondary metabolites with a broad spectrum of application fields covering agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industry. By extensive literature search, this review with a comprehensive summary on biological and chemical aspects of A. niger strains including their sources, BGCs, and secondary metabolites as well as biological properties and biosynthetic pathways is presented. Future perspectives on the discovery of more A. niger-derived functional biomolecules are also provided in this review.
A Nonlinear Integrated Modeling Method of Extended Kalman Filter Based on Adaboost Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Feng-Bo , Li Chang-Geng , Zhu Hong-Qiu
Published: July 2021

Abstract In the zinc hydrometallurgical purification process, the concentration ratio of zinc ion to trace nickel ion is as high as 105, so that the nickel spectral signal is completely covered by high concentration zinc signal, resulting in low sensitivity and nonlinear characteristics of nickel spectral signal. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to detect nickel in zinc sulfate solution, this paper proposes a nonlinear integrated modeling method of extended Kalman filter based on Adaboost algorithm. First, a non-linear nickel model is established based on nickel standard solution. Second, an extended Kalman filter wavelength optimization method based on correlation coefficient is proposed to select wavelength variables with high signal sensitivity, large amount of information and strong nonlinear correlation. Finally, a nonlinear integrated modeling method based on Adaboost algorithm is proposed, which uses extended Kalman filter as a basic submodel, and realizes the stable detection of trace nickel through the weighted combination of multiple basic models. The results show that the average relative error of this method for detecting nickel is 4.56%, which achieves accurate detection of trace nickel in zinc sulfate solution.
The Archaeal Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (NCX_Mj) as a Model of Ion Transport for the Superfamily of Ca2+/CA Antiporters
Authors: Khananshvili Daniel
Published: July 2021

The superfamily of Calcium/Cation (Ca2+/CA) antiporters extrude Ca2+ from the cytosol or subcellular compartments in exchange with Na+, K+, H+, Li+, or Mg2+ and thereby provide a key mechanism for Ca2+ signaling and ion homeostasis in biological systems ranging from bacteria to humans. The structure-dynamic determinants of ion selectivity and transport rates remain unclear, although this is of primary physiological significance. Despite wide variances in the ion selectivity and transport rates, the Ca2+/CA proteins share structural motifs, although it remains unclear how the ion recognition/binding is coupled to the ion translocation events. Here, the archaeal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX_Mj) is considered as a structure-based model that can help to resolve the ion transport mechanisms by using X-ray, HDX-MS, ATR-FTIR, and computational approaches in conjunction with functional analyses of mutants. Accumulating data reveal that the local backbone dynamics at ion-coordinating residues is characteristically constrained in apo NCX_Mj, which may predefine the affinity and stability of ion-bound species in the ground and transition states. The 3Na+ or 1Ca2+ binding to respective sites of NCX_Mj rigidify the backbone dynamics at specific segments, where the ion-dependent compression of the ion-permeating four-helix bundle (TM2, TM3, TM7, and TM8) induces the sliding of the two-helix cluster (TM1/TM6) on the protein surface to switch the OF (outward-facing) and IF (inward-facing) conformations. Taking into account the common structural elements shared by Ca2+/CAs, NCX_Mj may serve as a model for studying the structure-dynamic and functional determinants of ion-coupled alternating access, transport catalysis, and ion selectivity in Ca2+/CA proteins.
The Association Between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and the Occurrence and Prognosis of Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiang Huaqiang , Xue Yangjing , Chen Zhi , Yu Yongwei , Peng Yangpei , Wang Jinsheng , Ji Kangting , Zhu Huifen
Published: July 2021

Aims: The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies of the association of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and atrial fibrillation (AF), especially the predictive and prognostic role of LVH.

Methods and Results: We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception through 10 April 2020. A total of 16 cohorts (133,091 individuals) were included. Compared with the normal subjects, patients with LVH were more susceptible to AF (RR = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.32–1.60). In patients with AF and LVH, there was a higher risk of all-cause mortality during 3.95 years (RR = 1.60, 95% CI, 1.42–1.79), and these patients were more likely to progress to persistent or paroxysmal AF (RR = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.20–1.76) than were patients without LVH. After catheter ablation of AF, patients with LVH were more likely to recur (RR = 1.58, 95% CI, 1.27–1.95).

Conclusion: LVH is strongly associated with AF and has a negative impact on outcome in patients with AF.
Inhibition of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Reduces Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture in Mice
Authors: Wei Ming , Wang Xia , Song Yanting , Zhu Di , Qi Dan , Jiao Shiyu , Xie Guomin , Liu Ye , Yu Baoqi , Du Jie , Wang Yuji , Qu Aijuan
Published: July 2021

Objective: Neutrophil infiltration plays an important role in the initiation and development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Recent studies suggested that neutrophils could release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), leading to tissue injury in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of NETs in AAA is elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of NETs in AAA development.

Methods and Results: An angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion-induced AAA model was established to investigate the role of NETs during AAA development. Immunofluorescence staining showed that citrullinated histone 3 (citH3), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neutrophil elastase (NE) (NET marker) expressions were significantly increased in Ang II-infused ApoE−/− mice. The circulating double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) level was also elevated, indicating the increased NET formation during AAA. PAD4 inhibitor YW3-56 inhibited Ang II-induced NET formation. Disruption of NET formation by YW3-56 markedly reduced Ang II-induced AAA rupture, as revealed by decreased aortic diameter, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis, and elastin degradation. Apoptosis of VSMC was evaluated by TUNEL staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining through flow cytometry. Western blot and inhibition experiments revealed that NETs induced VSMC apoptosis via p38/JNK pathway, indicating that PAD4-dependent NET formation played an important role in AAA.

Conclusions: This study suggests that PAD4-dependent NET formation is critical for AAA rupture, which provides a novel potential therapeutic strategy for AAA disease.
Numerical Studies and Analyses on the Acidizing Process in Vug Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Jia Cunqi , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Zhang Haiyang , Yao Jun
Published: July 2021

A vug porosity system, in addition to a matrix, is also the target rocks for the acidizing. In this work, the acidizing process in two typical core-scale separate-vug porosity systems is studied in detail. Numerous cases are conducted to discuss a parametric study on the acidizing process and hydraulic behavior. Results indicate that the presence of vug reduces the pore volume of acid solution consumed to achieve a breakthrough, which is consistent with experimental observations. Increasing the vug diameter and porosity decreases pore volume to breakthrough both for a vugular carbonate rock and isolated vug carbonate rock. In comparison, the acid mass does not change a lot. Typical dissolution patterns can also be observed in the acidizing process when a vug exists. Compared to matrix dissolution patterns, the presence of vug induces wormhole to pass through the vug region.
Genes and Pseudogenes: Complexity of the RCCX Locus and Disease
Authors: Carrozza Cinzia , Foca Laura , De Paolis Elisa , Concolino Paola
Published: July 2021

Copy Number Variations (CNVs) account for a large proportion of human genome and are a primary contributor to human phenotypic variation, in addition to being the molecular basis of a wide spectrum of disease. Multiallelic CNVs represent a considerable fraction of large CNVs and are strictly related to segmental duplications according to their prevalent duplicate alleles. RCCX CNV is a complex, multiallelic and tandem CNV located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region. RCCX structure is typically defined by the copy number of a DNA segment containing a series of genes – the serine/threonine kinase 19 (STK19), the complement 4 (C4), the steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21), and the tenascin-X (TNX) – lie close to each other. In the Caucasian population, the most common RCCX haplotype (69%) consists of two segments containing the genes STK19-C4A-CYP21A1P-TNXA-STK19B-C4B-CYP21A2-TNXB, with a telomere-to-centromere orientation. Nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) plays a key role into the RCCX genetic diversity: unequal crossover facilitates large structural rearrangements and copy number changes, whereas gene conversion mediates relatively short sequence transfers. The results of these events increased the RCCX genetic diversity and are responsible of specific human diseases. This review provides an overview on RCCX complexity pointing out the molecular bases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) due to CYP21A2 deficiency, CAH-X Syndrome and disorders related to CNV of complement component C4.
Treatment Outcomes of Clopidogrel in Patients With ACS and Diabetes Undergoing PCI-Analysis of Beijing Municipal Medical Insurance Database
Authors: Wang Weihao , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhang Lina , Zhang Jie , Man Fuli , Pan Qi , Guo Lixin
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims

Several clinical trials have proved the efficacy of clopidogrel treatment for patients with percutaneous coronary intervention. There are few large-scale studies to identify the mortality associated with different durations of treatment of clopidogrel in patients with diabetes and ACS undergoing PCI in the Chinese population. The objective of this analysis was to determine the efficacy of long-term clopidogrel therapy (≥12 months) versus short-term use (<12 months) in Chinese patients with diabetes after PCI.

Methods and Results

We used the Beijing Municipal Medical Insurance Database provided by the Beijing Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau. The Beijing Municipal Medical Insurance Database contained medical data of about 16 million people, including about 990,000 patients with diabetes and a history of taking antidiabetic medicines. Patients were divided into two groups, one group of 9,116 patients receiving consecutive clopidogrel for one year or more, and another group of 3290 patients receiving consecutive clopidogrel for less than one year. The primary outcomes of this analysis were the risk of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization. In patients with diabetes after PCI, long-term clopidogrel treatment was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause death (HR, 0.57[95%CI, 0.49-0.67], P<0.0001), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.79[95%CI, 0.68-0.93], P=0.0035) and an increased risk of angina (HR, 1.18[95%CI, 1.10-1.27], P<0.0001]) and revascularization (HR, 1.07[95%CI, 1.01-1.13], P=0.02]). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of all-cause re-hospitalization, diabetes-related re-hospitalization, and cerebrovascular re-hospitalization.

Conclusion

The present study concluded that long-term dual antiplatelet therapy including clopidogrel and aspirin could decrease the risks of all-cause death, myocardial infarction. But it could increase the risks of angina and revascularization. Further studies should interpret the cause of this question.
Multi-Physics Model Development for Polonium Transport Behavior in a Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor
Authors: Lilin Deng , Yuqing Wang , Zian Zhai , Bochen Huang , Jiewei Wu , Jianbo He , Muyi Ni
Published: July 2021

210Po, a highly toxic element with strong volatility, is one of the main source terms of a Gen-IV lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). Therefore, the radioactive safety caused by 210Po has become an important topic in LFR-related research. In order to simulate the behavior of 210Po in an LFR, this work developed a multi-physics model of an LFR from the perspective of radioactive transport. Considering the effects of nuclide decay, cover gas leakage, containment ventilation, and Po aerosol deposition, a comprehensive simulation was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of those effects on the 210Po distribution in detail. Preliminary results indicate that during normal operation, most of the 210Po in the LBE exist in the form of PbPo, and around 10–9 of 210Po could evaporate from the LBE into the cover gas, and then further leak into the containment. In addition, even if the leakage rate of 210Po in the cover gas into the containment is maintained at 5‰ per day, due to the deposition of Po aerosol, the 210Po contamination on the inner surface of the containment is still below the radioactivity concentration limits.
Phytoplankton Drivers of Dissolved Organic Material Production in Colorado Reservoirs and the Formation of Disinfection By-Products
Authors: Khan Alia L. , Sokol Eric R. , McKnight Diane M. , Saunders James F. , Hohner Amanda K. , Summers R. Scott
Published: July 2021

Previous studies have shown that algal-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a strong influence on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during the treatment of drinking water. In the summer of 2010, we evaluated the role of nitrogen and phosphorus loading and phytoplankton abundance as drivers of the concentrations and quality of DOM and the associated DBP formation in 30 reservoirs in the mountains and plains of the State of Colorado. Optical properties such as Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize DOM quality. Nutrient concentrations such as total nitrogen were also assessed and were associated with high concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). In turn, high total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were associated with high concentrations of Chl-a, and the DOM in these reservoirs had a fluorescence signature indicative of contributions from phytoplankton growth. The reservoirs with TOC concentrations above 4 mgC/L were predominantly located in the plains and many are impacted by agricultural runoff and wastewater discharges, rather than in the mountains and are characterized by warm water conditions and shallow depths. For a subset of fourteen reservoirs, we characterized the composition of the phytoplankton using a rapid imaging microscopy technique and observed a dominance by filamentous Cyanobacteria in reservoirs with TOC concentrations above 4 mgC/L. The combination of high TOC concentrations with microbial characteristics resulted in high potential for production of two major classes of regulated DBPs, trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. While fluorescence spectroscopy was useful in confirming the contribution of phytoplankton growth to high TOC concentrations, evaluation of predictive models for DBP yields found that all equally predictive models included SUVA254 and some of these models also included fluorescence indices or logTOC. These findings provide a limnological context in support of the recent guidelines that have been implemented for protection of high-quality drinking water supplies in the State of Colorado.
Social Media Use by Citizen Science Projects: Characterization and Recommendations
Authors: Oliveira Sofia S. , Barros Bárbara , Pereira Joana L. , Santos Paulo T. , Pereira Ruth
Published: July 2021

Citizen science projects often use social media, which is not surprising since they constitute a great opportunity to recruit, retain, and train volunteers. This study intended to quantitatively characterize the current use of social media by biodiversity- and environment-related projects and to reason on the best management practices. For this purpose, a database of projects was compiled and analyzed. The results revealed that 42% of the projects were present at least in one social platform, with Facebook being the most popular. Facebook posts were mainly intended to raise awareness and disseminating knowledge, but recruitment- and retainment-dedicated posts were also regularly shared.
Multi-Trait Single-Step GBLUP Improves Accuracy of Genomic Prediction for Carcass Traits Using Yearling Weight and Ultrasound Traits in Hanwoo
Authors: Mehrban Hossein , Naserkheil Masoumeh , Lee Deukhwan , Ibáñez-Escriche Noelia
Published: July 2021

There has been a growing interest in the genetic improvement of carcass traits as an important and primary breeding goal in the beef cattle industry over the last few decades. The use of correlated traits and molecular information can aid in obtaining more accurate estimates of breeding values. This study aimed to assess the improvement in the accuracy of genetic predictions for carcass traits by using ultrasound measurements and yearling weight along with genomic information in Hanwoo beef cattle by comparing four evaluation models using the estimators of the recently developed linear regression method. We compared the performance of single-trait pedigree best linear unbiased prediction [ST-BLUP and single-step genomic (ST-ssGBLUP)], as well as multi-trait (MT-BLUP and MT-ssGBLUP) models for the studied traits at birth and yearling date of steers. The data comprised of 15,796 phenotypic records for yearling weight and ultrasound traits as well as 5,622 records for carcass traits (backfat thickness, carcass weight, eye muscle area, and marbling score), resulting in 43,949 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 4,284 steers and 2,332 bulls. Our results indicated that averaged across all traits, the accuracy of ssGBLUP models (0.52) was higher than that of pedigree-based BLUP (0.34), regardless of the use of single- or multi-trait models. On average, the accuracy of prediction can be further improved by implementing yearling weight and ultrasound data in the MT-ssGBLUP model (0.56) for the corresponding carcass traits compared to the ST-ssGBLUP model (0.49). Moreover, this study has shown the impact of genomic information and correlated traits on predictions at the yearling date (0.61) using MT-ssGBLUP models, which was advantageous compared to predictions at birth date (0.51) in terms of accuracy. Thus, using genomic information and high genetically correlated traits in the multi-trait model is a promising approach for practical genomic selection in Hanwoo cattle, especially for traits that are difficult to measure.
New Perspectives on Desensitization in the Current Era - An Overview
Authors: Kumar Vineeta , Locke Jayme E.
Published: July 2021

Blood group and tissue incompatibilities remain significant barriers to achieving transplantation. Although no patient should be labeled “un-transplantable” due to blood group or tissue incompatibility, all candidates should be provided with individualized and realistic counseling regarding their anticipated wait times for deceased donor or kidney paired donation matching, with early referral to expert centers for desensitization when needed. Vital is the careful selection of patients whose health status is such that desensitizing treatment is less likely to cause serious harm and whose anti-HLA antibody status is such that treatment is likely to accomplish the goal of increasing organ offers with an acceptable final crossmatch. Exciting new developments have re-energized the interest and scope of desensitization in the times ahead.
IL-10 Deficiency Accelerates Type 1 Diabetes Development via Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells and Gut Microbiota in BDC2.5 NOD Mice
Authors: Huang Juan , Tan Qiyuan , Tai Ningwen , Pearson James Alexander , Li Yangyang , Chao Chen , Zhang Lucy , Peng Jian , Xing Yanpeng , Zhang Luyao , Hu Youjia , Zhou Zhiguang , Wong F. Susan , Wen Li
Published: July 2021

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells.BDC2.5T cells inBDC2.5CD4+T cell receptor transgenic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice (BDC2.5+NOD mice) can abruptly invade the pancreatic islets resulting in severe insulitis that progresses rapidly but rarely leads to spontaneous diabetes. This prevention of diabetes is mediated by T regulatory (Treg) cells in these mice. In this study, we investigated the role of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the inhibition of diabetes inBDC2.5+NOD mice by generatingIl-10-deficientBDC2.5+NOD mice (BDC2.5+Il-10-/-NOD mice). Our results showed thatBDC2.5+Il-10-/-NOD mice displayed robust and accelerated diabetes development.Il-10deficiency inBDC2.5+NOD mice promoted the generation of neutrophils in the bone marrow and increased the proportions of neutrophils in the periphery (blood, spleen, and islets), accompanied by altered intestinal immunity and gut microbiota composition.In vitrostudies showed that the gut microbiota fromBDC2.5+Il-10-/-NOD mice can expand neutrophil populations. Moreover,in vivostudies demonstrated that the depletion of endogenous gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment decreased the proportion of neutrophils. AlthoughIl-10deficiency inBDC2.5+NOD mice had no obvious effects on the proportion and function of Treg cells, it affected the immune response and activation of CD4+T cells. Moreover, the pathogenicity of CD4+T cells was much increased, and this significantly accelerated the development of diabetes when these CD4+T cells were transferred into immune-deficient NOD mice. Our study provides novel insights into the role of IL-10 in the modulation of neutrophils and CD4+T cells inBDC2.5+NOD mice, and suggests important crosstalk between gut microbiota and neutrophils in type 1 diabetes development.
In situ Estimation of Coral Recruitment Patterns From Shallow to Mesophotic Reefs Using an Optimized Fluorescence Imaging System
Authors: Nativ Hagai , Scucchia Federica , Martinez Stephane , Einbinder Shai , Chequer Alex , Goodbody-Gringley Gretchen , Mass Tali
Published: July 2021

Coral recruitment represents a key element for coral reef persistence and resilience in the face of environmental disturbances. Studying coral recruitment patterns is fundamental for assessing reef health and implementing appropriate management strategies in an era of climate change. The FluorIS system has been developed to acquire high resolution, wide field-of-view (FOV) in situ images of coral recruits fluorescence and has proven successful in shallow reef environments. However, up to now, its applicability to mesophotic coral ecosystems remains unknown due to the complexity of the system and the limited time available when working at mesophotic depth. In this study we optimized the FluorIS system by utilizing a single infrared-converted camera instead of the bulkier regular dual-camera system, substantially reducing the system complexity and significantly decreasing the acquisition time to an average of 10 s for a set of 3 images. Moreover, the speed-FluorIS system is much more economical, decreasing the cost of the full set-up by roughly 40% compared to the original dual-camera system. We tested the utility of the speed-FluorIS by surveying coral recruits across shallow and mesophotic reefs of the Red Sea (Gulf of Eilat) and Bermuda, two of the most northerly reefs in the world with markedly different substrate and topography, and demonstrate that the modified system enables fast imaging of fluorescence to study coral recruitment patterns over a broader range of depths and reef topographies than previous fluorescence methods. Our single-camera system represents a valuable, non-invasive and rapid underwater tool which will help standardize surveys and long-term monitoring of coral recruits, contributing to our understanding of these vital and delicate early life stages of corals.