bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of face‐to‐face mental health consumer‐led teaching on occupational therapy student empathy levels: Two group comparison design
Authors: Logan Alexandra , Yule Elisa , Hughes Julie , Peters Dave , Hadley Melanie , Betts Brodie , Jones Lee , Froude Elspeth
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Australian and New Zealand accreditation standards for occupational therapy courses mandate consumer involvement in the design, delivery, and evaluation of courses. Consumer involvement in medical, dental, and nursing education has been evidenced as a factor for increasing student empathy. To date, there has been no known research on the impact of mental health consumer involvement on occupational therapy students' empathy. The aim of this study was to investigate if occupational therapy students who receive teaching from a mental health consumer demonstrate higher levels of empathy compared with students who receive teaching delivered by occupational therapy academics.

Methods

Pre–post, quasi experimental, two group comparison design was used to measure second‐year student empathy pre and post a consumer‐led teaching tutorial. Students (N = 217) were randomised into two groups across three university campuses: ‘teaching as usual group’ (control) or ‘consumer‐led’ group (experimental group). The Jefferson Scale of Empathy was used to measure student empathy.

Results

N = 138 matched scales were returned. Little difference in empathy scales was detected between groups. The ‘consumer‐led’ group increased for the empathy scale by 3.4(95% CI: 0.7,6.1, p = 0.014) but was not statistically significant compared to 1.3(95% CI: −1.0,3.5, p = 0.267) for the control group. Both groups scored highly on empathy.

Conclusion

This study found that occupational therapy students had pre‐existing high levels of empathy. The challenge for future research is to identify appropriate ways to measure the impact of mental health consumer involvement on occupational therapy curriculum and students.
Profile of occupational therapy services in non‐urban settings: A global scoping review
Authors: Hayes Karen , Dos Santos Vagner , Costigan Moses , Morante Danielle
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Regional, rural, and remote people represent nearly half the world's population yet experience disproportionally higher disease, mortality, and disability rates, coupled with limited healthcare access. Occupational therapy has committed to occupational justice, yet no descriptive framework of services provided by occupational therapists in non‐urban locations exists. Understanding current non‐urban service practices will provide a basis for non‐urban service development and research to reduce this inequity.

Methods

Four databases were systematically searched for publications describing non‐urban occupational therapy services, from any country, written in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish, from 2010 to 2020. Publications were screened against criteria for inclusion, and data were identified using an extraction tool and presented in a frequency table, on a map, and in a searchable supporting information Table S1.

Results

Only 117 publications were included discussing services provided to populations across 19 countries. They were mostly published in English (98%) and about populations from English‐speaking countries (70%). Included publications discussed individualist services (65%), for defined age groups (74%), and for people with specific medical diagnoses (58%). Services were commonly provided in the client's community (56%), originating from urban locations (45%) where the provider travelled (26%) or contacted clients using telehealth (19%). Individual 1:1 enabling strategies were most described (59%), including remediation (34%), compensation (9%), or education (7%). Community enablement strategies were infrequently described (14%), focused primarily on transformation to improve existing service delivery (9%), with some redistributive justice (3%), and one community development strategy (1%). Exploratory research services accounted for the remaining studies (27%). Differences were noted between Global North and South approaches.

Conclusion

Globally, occupational therapy has limited focus on non‐urban services and favours individualist rehabilitative strategies provided by therapists remote from the client's context. Further research is required on the effectiveness and appropriateness of occupational therapy strategies to improve rural/urban inequity and health outcomes.
Injury patterns, management and outcomes of retroperitoneal haemorrhage caused by lower intercostal arterial bleeding at a level‐1 trauma centre: A 10‐year retrospective review
Authors: Schlegel Richard N , Fitzgerald Mark , Lim Andrew , O'Reilly Gerard M , Clements Warren , Goh Gerard S , Groombridge Christopher J , Johnny Cecil , Noonan Michael P , Ban Ee‐Jun , Mathew Joseph
Published: August 2022

Objective

Haemorrhagic shock is a life‐threatening complication of trauma, but remains a preventable cause of death. Early recognition of retroperitoneal haemorrhage (RPH) is crucial in preventing deleterious outcomes including mortality. Injury to the 9–11th intercostal arteries (i.e. arteries of the lower thoracic region) are complicit in RPH. However, the associated injuries, implications and management of such bleeds remain poorly characterised.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients diagnosed with RPH who presented to our level‐1 trauma centre (2009–2019). We described the associated injuries, management and outcomes relating to RPH of the lower thoracic region (the 9–11th intercostal arteries) from this cohort to identify potential predictors and evaluate the impact of early identification and management of non‐cavitary bleeds.

Results

Haemorrhage of the lower intercostal arteries (LIA) into the retroperitoneal space is associated with an increased number of posterior lower rib fractures and pneumothorax/haemothorax. A higher proportion of patients in the LIA group required massive transfusion, angioembolisation or surgical ligation when compared to other causes of RPH.

Conclusion

The present study highlights the importance of injury patterns, particularly posterior lower rib fractures, as predictors for early recognition and management of RPH in the prevention of deleterious patient outcomes. RPH secondary to bleeding of the LIA may require early and aggressive management of haemorrhage through massive transfusion, and angioembolisation or surgical ligation when compared to RPH because of other causes.
Precarity and preparedness during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: A qualitative service evaluation of maternity healthcare professionals
Authors: De Backer Kaat , Brown Jeremy M. , Easter Abigail , Khazaezadeh Nina , Rajasingam Daghni , Sandall Jane , Magee Laura A. , Silverio Sergio A.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has devastated populations, posing unprecedented challenges for healthcare services, staff and service‐users. In the UK, rapid reconfiguration of maternity healthcare service provision changed the landscape of antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care. This study aimed to explore the experiences of maternity services staff who provided maternity care during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic to inform future improvements in care.

Material and methods

A qualitative interview service evaluation was undertaken at a single maternity service in an NHS Trust, South London. Respondents (n = 29) were recruited using a critical case purposeful sample of maternity services staff. Interviews were conducted using video‐conferencing software, and were transcribed and analyzed using Grounded Theory Analysis appropriate for cross‐disciplinary health research. The focus of analysis was on staff experiences of delivering maternity services and care during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.

Results

A theory of “Precarity and Preparedness” was developed, comprising three main emergent themes: “Endemic precarity: A health system under pressure”; “A top‐down approach to managing the health system shock”; and “From un(der)‐prepared to future flourishing”.

Conclusions

Maternity services in the UK were under significant strain and were inherently precarious. This was exacerbated by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, which saw further disruption to service provision, fragmentation of care and pre‐existing staff shortages. Positive changes are required to improve staff retention and team cohesion, and ensure patient‐centered care remains at the heart of maternity care.
The impact of climate change on mortality in the United States: Benefits and costs of adaptation
Authors: Deschenes Olivier
Published: August 2022

This paper reviews and extends the recent empirical literature on the impact of climate change on mortality and adaptation in the United States. The analysis produces several new facts. First, the reductions in the impact of extreme heat on mortality risk previously documented up to 2004 have continued up to 2019, consistent with continued investments in health‐protecting adaptations to high temperatures. The second part of the paper examines the private and external costs of electricity generation and consumption related to high temperatures, a commonly used proxy for measuring the consumption of adaptation services. Extreme temperatures increase electricity demand in the residential sector (relative to moderate temperatures), but not in the commercial, industrial and transportation end‐use sectors. The additional electricity demand in response to high temperatures results in significant external costs due to the release of local and global pollutants caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in order to produce electricity. These external costs, documented for the first time in this paper, are one order of magnitude larger than the private cost of adaptation associated with electricity consumption.
Metformin inhibits the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing tripartite motif‐containing 37‐induced tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 ubiquitination
Authors: Zheng Ya , Zhang Haiyan , Sun Hong
Published: August 2022

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies worldwide. Our previous studies have proved that metformin inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of tripartite motif‐containing 37 (TRIM37), Ki‐67, and MMP‐9 in ovarian cancer and normal tissues. The influence of TRIM37 on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells was verified by the real‐time cellular analysis proliferation test, colony formation test, and Transwell assay. Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation were used to detect the expression of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway and the interaction between TRIM37 and tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2). Ubiquitination detection was carried out to detect the ubiquitination level of TRAF2. The present study revealed that TRIM37 expression was significantly increased in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal control tissues, and its overexpression was closely associated with proliferation and metastasis. Metformin inhibited the NF‐κB signaling pathway by downregulating TRIM37. Metformin also inhibited the ubiquitination of TRAF2 induced by TRIM37 overexpression. Metformin inhibits the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing TRIM37‐induced TRAF2 ubiquitination.
Acute iododerma presenting as cryptococcoid neutrophilic dermatosis: A clinicopathological pitfall and interesting findings gleaned from a review of the literature
Authors: Lim Joel Hua‐Liang , Lee Joyce Siong‐See
Published: August 2022

Iododerma is an uncommon dermatosis caused by excessive iodine exposure and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Because of its heterogenous clinical presentation and variable histopathological findings, which depend on the time the skin biopsy is performed, the diagnosis of iododerma is often delayed. We report a rare case of acute iododerma in a woman with end‐stage diabetic nephropathy with antecedent radioiodine contrast exposure, presenting histopathologically as cryptococcoid neutrophilic dermatosis (CND). We underscore important clinicopathological pitfalls to avoid misdiagnosis with similar overlapping entities such as Sweet syndrome, review all published cases of CND and draw novel insights into its associated entities.
Modelling the distribution of rare invertebrates by correcting class imbalance and spatial bias
Authors: Gaul Willson , Sadykova Dinara , White Hannah J. , León‐Sánchez Lupe , Caplat Paul , Emmerson Mark C. , Yearsley Jon M.
Published: August 2022

Aim

Soil arthropods are important decomposers and nutrient cyclers, but are poorly represented on national and international conservation Red Lists. Opportunistic biological records for soil invertebrates are sparse, and contain few observations of rare species but a relatively large number of non‐detection observations (a problem known as class imbalance). Robinson et al. (Diversity and Distributions, 24, 460) proposed a method for under‐sampling non‐detection data using a spatial grid to improve class balance and spatial bias in bird data. For taxa that are less intensively sampled, datasets are smaller, which poses a challenge because under‐sampling data removes information. We tested whether spatially stratified under‐sampling improved prediction performance of species distribution models for millipedes, for which large datasets are not available. We also tested whether using environmental predictor variables provided additional information beyond what is captured by spatial position for predicting species distributions.

Location

Island of Ireland.

Methods

We tested the spatially stratified under‐sampling method of Robinson et al. (Diversity and Distributions, 24, 460) by using biological records to train species distribution models of rare millipedes.

Results

Using spatially stratified under‐sampled data improved species distribution model sensitivity (true positive rate) but decreased model specificity (true negative rate). The spatial pattern of under‐sampling affected model performance. Training data that was under‐sampled in a spatially stratified way sometimes produced worse models than did data that was under‐sampled in an unstratified way. Geographic coordinates were as good as or better than environmental variables for predicting distributions of one out of six species.

Main Conclusions

Spatially stratified under‐sampling improved prediction performance of species distribution models for rare millipedes. Spatially stratified under‐sampling was most effective for rarer species, although unstratified under‐sampling was sometimes more effective. The good prediction performance of models using geographic coordinates is promising for modelling distributions of poorly studied species for which little is known about ecological or physiological determinants of occurrence.
Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis
Authors: McIntyre Sarah , Goldsmith Shona , Webb Annabel , Ehlinger Virginie , Hollung Sandra Julsen , McConnell Karen , Arnaud Catherine , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Oskoui Maryam , Khandaker Gulam , Himmelmann Kate ,   the Global CP Prevalence Group*
Published: August 2022

Aim

To determine trends and current estimates in regional and global prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A systematic analysis of data from participating CP registers/surveillance systems and population‐based prevalence studies (from birth year 1995) was performed. Quality and risk of bias were assessed for both data sources. Analyses were conducted for pre‐/perinatal, postnatal, neonatal, and overall CP. For each region, trends were statistically classified as increasing, decreasing, heterogeneous, or no change, and most recent prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Meta‐analyses were conducted to determine current birth prevalence estimates (from birth year 2010).

Results

Forty‐one regions from 27 countries across five continents were represented. Pre‐/perinatal birth prevalence declined significantly across Europe and Australia (11 out of 14 regions), with no change in postneonatal CP. From the limited but increasing data available from regions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), birth prevalence for pre‐/perinatal CP was as high as 3.4 per 1000 (95% CI 3.0–3.9) live births. Following meta‐analyses, birth prevalence for pre‐/perinatal CP in regions from high‐income countries (HICs) was 1.5 per 1000 (95% CI 1.4–1.6) live births, and 1.6 per 1000 (95% CI 1.5–1.7) live births when postneonatal CP was included.

Interpretation

The birth prevalence estimate of CP in HICs declined to 1.6 per 1000 live births. Data available from LMICs indicated markedly higher birth prevalence.

What this paper adds

• Birth prevalence of pre‐/perinatal cerebral palsy (CP) in high‐income countries (HICs) is decreasing.

• Current overall CP birth prevalence for HICs is 1.6 per 1000 live births.

• Trends in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) cannot currently be measured.

• Current birth prevalence in LMICs is markedly higher than in HICs.

• Active surveillance of CP helps to assess the impact of medical advancements and social/economic development.

• Population‐based data on prevalence and trends of CP are critical to inform policy.
Unintentional intracarotid injections in the horse—15 cases (2010–2020)
Authors: González‐Medina Sonia , Nout‐Lomas Yvette S. , Landolt Gabriele
Published: August 2022

Background

Intracarotid injections are a well‐recognised complication of jugular injections in the horse; however, little information is available about outcome and complications.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe venipuncture techniques and short‐ and longer‐term complications related to intracarotid injections.

Study design

Case series.

Methods

The survey was distributed through the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) mailing list and a veterinary social media site. Data collected in the questionnaire included injection technique, drug administered, personnel performing the injection, clinical signs and short‐ and longer‐term complications.

Results

Accidental intracarotid injections were most commonly performed by veterinarians (n = 9/13). The majority of reported accidental intracarotid injections occurred during routine sedation in healthy horses (n = 8/13) and occurred when the jugular vein was accessed at the middle jugular groove (n = 6/13). Most events occurred while using longer needles (1.5 inches; n = 10/13) of 20G calibre (n = 9/13), attached to the syringe (n = 11/13) and against jugular blood flow (n = 11/13). Short‐term injuries included superficial abrasions (n = 13/13) and cardiac ailments (3/13). One of the 15 horses described in this report died. Longer‐term complications were not reported for the remaining 14 horses.

Main limitations

Potential selection, recall and response bias and putative risk factors identified cannot be correlated with an increased risk of carotid injection without a control group.

Conclusion

Accidental intracarotid injections led to seizures but rarely resulted in death of the case. Premonitory clinical signs occurred while or soon after injection and can be used for early identification of this inadvertent injection and to establish safety measures for the horse and handlers.
Treatment of a stallion for penile deviation caused by haemorrhage into the corpus cavernosum penis
Authors: Schumacher Jim , Kelly Gerard M. A. , Cunningham Kieran J. , O'Donoghue Michael
Published: August 2022

A 19‐year‐old Thoroughbred stallion developed severe curvature of its penis, preventing intromission, after breeding a mare. The cause of the curvature was found, during ultrasonographic examination of the penis, to be rupture of the trabeculae on the left side of the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) between the cul de sac of the external preputial cavity and the scrotum, resulting in the formation of a seroma. Aspiration of the seroma performed 13 days after injury, with the horse anaesthetised, largely resolved the deviation. A complication of treatment was excessive belling of the glans penis during erection, which may have been the result of a temporary shunt created between the CCP and the corpora spongiosum penis (CSP) by inadvertently passing the spinal needle used to aspirate the seroma through the CSP. Excessive belling resolved after 3 weeks.
The role of reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of eccrine poroma: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Di Tullio Francesca , Mandel Victor Desmond , Ignazio Stanganelli , Cinotti Elisa , Kaleci Shaniko , Ciardo Silvana , Peccerillo Francesca , Longo Caterina , Farnetani Francesca , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Eccrine poroma (EP) is a rare benign adnexal tumor that may mimic benign or malignant tumors and differential diagnosis may be difficult under clinical and dermoscopic examination. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) examination may add important information to diagnosis and subsequent management of solitary lesions for which dermoscopy can be challenging. The aim of the present study was to investigate features of EP at RCM in order to detect the characteristics that might aid in the differential diagnosis of EP versus other solitary lesions (benign or malignant). Secondary objective was to correlate the resulting features with histopathological findings. This monocentric retrospective observational case–control study included all EPs registered with RCM between January 2007 and May 2018. Control cases were benign or malignant lesions similar in clinical appearance, morphology, and dermoscopic features to EPs. RCM evaluators were blinded to clinical‐dermoscopic images and to final histopathological diagnoses. Finally, RCM‐histopathological correlation was performed. A total of 11 EPs and 33 controls were included in the present study. Among RCM parameters, “cords without palisading,” “dark holes,” “prominent vascularization” and “abundant stroma” resulted positively associated with EP in univariate analysis. RCM features correspond to the histopathological diagnosis of EP in 97% of cases, as illustrated by the cluster analysis. An excellent correlation between diagnostic features of conventional histopathology and RCM was observed. RCM assists in the differential diagnosis of solitary lesions, allowing to reach a correct diagnosis of EP through the identification of its four characteristics.
Three‐dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale
Authors: Gao Decai , Bai Edith , Wang Siyu , Zong Shengwei , Liu Ziping , Fan Xianlei , Zhao Chunhong , Hagedorn Frank
Published: August 2022

Soil microbial biomass and microbial stoichiometric ratios are important for understanding carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we compiled data from 12245 observations of soil microbial biomass from 1626 published studies to map global patterns of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), and their stoichiometry using a random forest model. Concentrations of MBC, MBN, and MBP were most closely linked to soil organic carbon, while climatic factors were most important for stoichiometry in microbial biomass ratios. Modeled seasonal MBC concentrations peaked in summer in tundra and in boreal forests, but in autumn in subtropical and in tropical biomes. The global mean MBC/MBN, MBC/MBP, and MBN/MBP ratios were estimated to be 10, 48, and 6.7, respectively, at 0–30 cm soil depth. The highest concentrations, stocks, and microbial C/N/P ratios were found at high latitudes in tundra and boreal forests, probably due to the higher soil organic matter content, greater fungal abundance, and lower nutrient availability in colder than in warmer biomes. At 30–100 cm soil depth, concentrations of MBC, MBN, and MBP were highest in temperate forests. The MBC/MBP ratio showed greater flexibility at the global scale than did the MBC/MBN ratio, possibly reflecting physiological adaptations and microbial community shifts with latitude. The results of this study are important for understanding C, N, and P cycling at the global scale, as well as for developing soil C‐cycling models including soil microbial C, N, and P as important parameters.
The germ cell‐specific TAP‐like protein NXF‐2 forms a novel granular structure and is required for tra‐2 3′UTR‐dependent mRNA export in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Miwa Takashi , Ohtani Keigo , Inoue Kunio , Sakamoto Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

TAP is a general mRNA export receptor and is highly conserved among eukaryotes. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has another TAP‐like protein, NXF‐2, but little is known about its function. In this study, we show that NXF‐2 is specifically expressed in germ cells and forms a novel granular structure that is different from that of P granules and that NXF‐2 granules are anchored to the nuclear periphery in the mitotic region of the hermaphrodite gonad. In contrast, NXF‐2 granules are released within the whole cytoplasm in the meiotic region, where the feminization gene tra‐2 starts to function. Both inhibition of XPO‐1 (an ortholog of the export receptor CRM1) and mutation of the nuclear export signal of NXF‐2 caused the release of NXF‐2 granules from the nuclear periphery, indicating that anchoring of NXF‐2 granules depends on XPO‐1 function. Moreover, inhibition of NXF‐2 resulted in a substantial nuclear accumulation of the reporter mRNA carrying the tra‐2 3′UTR. These results suggest that, together with XPO‐1, NXF‐2 exports and anchors tra‐2 mRNA to the nuclear periphery to avoid precocious translation until the germ cells reach the meiotic region, thereby contributing to the regulation of tra‐2 mRNA expression.
Carbon‐ion radiotherapy versus radiofrequency ablation as initial treatment for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fujita Naoto , Kanogawa Naoya , Makishima Hirokazu , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Maruta Susumu , Iino Yotaro , Shiko Yuki , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Koroki Keisuke , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kondo Takayuki , Nakamoto Shingo , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Wakatsuki Masaru , Itobayashi Ei , Obu Masamichi , Koma Yoshihiro , Azemoto Ryosaku , Kawasaki Yohei , Kato Jun , Tsuji Hiroshi , Kato Naoya
Published: August 2022

Aim

Carbon‐ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT) has shown potential as a curative treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no reports have compared the effectiveness of C‐ion RT and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between C‐ion RT and RFA for patients with early‐stage HCC.

Methods

Medical records of consecutive patients with HCC (single lesion ≤5 cm or two to three lesions ≤3 cm) who received either C‐ion RT or RFA as initial treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for clinical factors between both groups.

Results

A total of 560 patients were included, among whom 69 and 491 received C‐ion RT and RFA, respectively. After PSM (C‐ion RT, 54 patients; RFA, 95 patients), both groups were well balanced. Carbon‐ion radiotherapy had significantly lower cumulative intrasubsegmental recurrence rate after PSM compared to RFA (p = 0.004) (2‐year, 12.6% vs. 31.7%; 5‐year, 15.5% vs. 49.6%, respectively). However, no significant difference in cumulative local recurrence rate, stage progression‐free survival, or overall survival (OS) was observed between both groups. In the RFA group, 6 of 491 patients (1.2%) showed grade 3 adverse events, whereas no grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed in the C‐ion RT group.

Conclusion

Carbon‐ion radiotherapy provided a lower cumulative intrasubsegmental recurrence rate, but a comparable cumulative local recurrence rate, stage progression‐free survival, and OS compared to RFA. Thus, C‐ion RT appears to be one of the effective treatment options for early‐stage HCC when RFA is deemed not indicated.
Perspectives on knowledge management capabilities in universities: A qualitative identification of organisational factors
Authors: Fayda‐Kinik F. Sehkar , Cetin Munevver
Published: August 2022

Prior research has had a limited approach to identifying organisational factors related to knowledge management (KM) practices of higher education institutions (HEIs), the centre for knowledge creation. This qualitative study explored such factors affecting KM capabilities from the perspectives of 30 full‐time academics in public universities, and identified the dimensions of the KM capabilities framework. Results revealed that physical conditions, budget, human and technological resource management, division of labour, workload, time management, communication, bureaucracy, structural differentiation, motivation, individualism, and organisational behaviour affect KM infrastructure capabilities; bureaucracy, KM teams, institutional platforms, organisational structure, knowledge maps, vision, individual attitudes, academic collaboration, process management, budget, decision‐making processes, sustainable academic KM, transparency, labour force, knowledge security, organisational culture, accessibility, and archiving affect KM process capabilities. These results contribute to identifying the organisational factors influencing KM that are critical to guiding practitioners and administrators of HEIs in developing more effective KM strategies and practices.
Bacillus sp. DU-106 ameliorates type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat-fed and streptozotocin-induced mice
Authors: Yan Jing , Li Junjian , Xue Qiuyan , Xie Shiqing , Jiang Jinjin , Li Pan , Du Bing
Published: August 2022

Aims

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease that manifests as endocrine and metabolic disorders that seriously threatening public health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus sp. DU-106 on anti-diabetic effects and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2D.

Methods and Results

Bacillus sp. DU-106 was administered to model mice for eight consecutive weeks. Oral administration of Bacillus sp. DU-106 decreased food and water intake and alleviated body weight loss. Moreover, Bacillus sp. DU-106 imparted several health benefits to mice, including balanced blood glucose, alleviation of insulin resistance in T2D mice and an improvement in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. DU-106 protected against liver and pancreatic impairment. Additionally, Bacillus sp. DU-106 treatment reshaped intestinal flora by enhancing gut microbial diversity and enriching the abundance of certain functional bacteria.

Conclusion

Collectively, these findings suggest that Bacillus sp. DU-106 can ameliorate T2D by regulating the gut microbiota.

Significance and Impact of Study

Therefore, a novel probiotic, Bacillus sp. DU-106 may be a promising therapeutic agent for improving and alleviating T2D in mice.
Identification of floodwater source areas in Nepal using SCIMAP‐Flood
Authors: Pearson C. J. , Reaney S. M. , Perks M. T. , Hortobagyi B. , Rosser N. J. , Large A. R. G.
Published: August 2022

Practical approaches for managing flooding from fluvial sources are moving away from mitigation solely at the point of impact and towards integrated catchment management. This considers the source areas, flow pathways of floodwaters and the locations and exposure to the risk of communities. For a field site in southern Nepal, we analyse catchment response to a range of simulated rainfall events, which when evaluated collectively can help guide potential flood management solutions. This is achieved through the adoption of SCIMAP‐Flood, a decision support framework that works at the catchment‐scale to identify critical source areas for floodwaters. The SCIMAP‐Flood Fitted inverse modelling approach has been applied to the East Rapti catchment, Nepal. For multiple flood impact locations throughout the catchment, SCIMAP‐Flood effectively identifies locations where flood management measures would have the most positive effects on risk reduction. The results show that the spatial targeting of mitigation measures in areas of irrigated and rainfed agriculture and the prevention of deforestation or removal of shrubland would be the most effective approaches. If these actions were in the upper catchment above Hetauda or upstream of Manahari they would have the most effective reduction in the flood peak.
Biomechanical evaluation of customized root implants in alveolar bone: A comparative study with traditional implants and natural teeth
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Chao , Hu Hongcheng , Tang Zhihui , Fan Yubo
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To compare and evaluate density changes in alveolar bones and biomechanical responses including stress/strain distributions around customized root implants (CRIs), traditional implants, and natural teeth.

Materials and methods

A three‐dimensional finite element model of the maxillary dentition defect, CRI models, traditional restored implant models, and natural teeth with periodontal tissue models were established. The chewing load of the central incisor, the traditional implant, and the CRI was 100N, and the load direction was inclined by 11° in the sagittal plane. According to the bone remodeling numerical algorithm, the bone mineral density and distribution were calculated and predicted. In addition, animal experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of the implant design. The results of the simulation calculations were compared with animal experimental data in vivo to verify their validity.

Results

No significant differences in bone mineral density and stress/strain distribution were found between the CRI and traditional implant models. The animal experimental results (X‐ray images and histological staining) were consistent with the numerical simulated results.

Conclusions

CRIs were more similar to traditional implants than to natural teeth in terms of biomechanical and biological evaluation. Considering the convenience of clinical application, this biomechanical evaluation provides basic theoretical support for further applications of CRI.
Demographic modelling helps track the rapid and recent divergence of a conifer species pair from Central Mexico
Authors: Giles‐Pérez Gustavo I. , Aguirre‐Planter Erika , Eguiarte Luis E. , Jaramillo‐Correa Juan Pablo
Published: August 2022

Secondary contact of recently diverged species may have several outcomes, ranging from rampant hybridization to reinforced reproductive isolation. In plants, selfing tolerance and disjunct reproductive phenology may lead to reproductive isolation at contact zones. However, they may also evolve under both allopatric or parapatric frameworks and originate from adaptive and/or neutral forces. Inferring the historical demography of diverging taxa is thus a crucial step to identify factors that may have led to putative reproductive isolation. We explored various competing demographypotheses to account for the rapid divergence of a fir species complex (Abies flinckii–A. religiosa) distributed in “sky‐islands” across central Mexico (i.e., along the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt; TMVB). Despite co‐occurring in two independent sympatric regions (west and centre), these taxa rarely interbreed because of disjunct reproductive phenologies. We genotyped 1147 single nucleotide polymorphisms, generated by GBS (genotyping by sequencing), across 23 populations, and compared multiple scenarios based on the geological history of the TMVB. The best‐fitting model revealed one of the most rapid and complete speciation cases for a conifer species‐pair, dating back to ~1.2 million years ago. Coupled with the lack of support for stepwise colonization, our coalescent inferences point to an early cessation of interspecific gene flow under parapatric speciation; ancestral gene flow during divergence was asymmetrical (mostly from western firs into A. religiosa) and exclusive to the most ancient (i.e., central) contact zone. Factors promoting rapid reproductive isolation should be explored in other slowly evolving species complexes as they may account for the large tropical and subtropical diversity.
Gene expression underlying parenting and being parented shows limited plasticity in response to different ambient temperatures
Authors: Moss Jeanette B. , Cunningham Christopher B. , McKinney Elizabeth C. , Moore Allen J.
Published: August 2022

Flexible interactions between parents and offspring are essential for buffering families against variable, unpredictable, and challenging environmental conditions. In the subsocial carrion beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, mid‐summer temperatures impose steep fitness costs on parents and offspring but do not elicit behavioural plasticity in parents. Here, we ask if plasticity of gene expression underpins this behavioural stability or facilitates independent compensation by larvae. To test this, we characterized gene expression of parents and offspring before and during active parenting under benign (20°C) and stressful (24°C) temperatures to identify genes of parents and offspring associated with thermal response, parenting/being parented, and gene expression plasticity associated with behavioural stability of parental care. The main effects of thermal and social condition each shaped patterns of gene expression in females, males, and larvae. In addition, we implicated 79 genes in females as “buffering” parental behaviour across environments. The majority of these underwent significant changes in expression in actively parenting mothers at the benign temperature, but not at the stressful temperature. Our results suggest that neither genetic programmes for parenting nor their effects on offspring gene expression are fundamentally different under stressful conditions, and that behavioural stability is associated primarily with the maintenance of existing genetic programmes rather than replacement or supplementation. Thus, while selection for compensatory gene expression could expand the range of thermal conditions parents will tolerate, without expanding the toolkit of genes involved selection is unlikely to lead to adaptive changes of function.
Impact of workplace bullying and resilience on new nurses' turnover intention in tertiary hospitals
Authors: Baek Gyu Li , Lee EunJu
Published: August 2022

The turnover of new nurses is a critical issue that not only causes economic loss to hospitals but also negatively affects the quality of nursing services and patient care. This study examined the impact of workplace bullying, which is an external factor, and resilience, an internal factor, on new nurses' turnover intention. The participants of this study comprised 153 nurses from two tertiary hospitals located in Korea with more than 8 weeks but less than 12 months of work experience. The factors impacting the turnover intention of new nurses in tertiary hospitals were verbal and non‐verbal bullying (β = 0.27), tenacity (β = −0.24), not getting placement in the desired department (β = 0.17), and age group (β = 0.12). The regression model was significant (F = 9.23, p<0.001) based on hierarchical regression analysis, and the explanatory power of the model was 29%. It was concluded that reduction of verbal and non‐verbal bullying in the workplace, and programs that promote the tenacity of resilience, are necessary to reduce the turnover intention of new nurses in tertiary hospitals.
Nursing students doing gender: Implications for higher education and the nursing profession
Authors: Andrew Lesley , Robinson Ken , Dare Julie , Costello Leesa
Published: August 2022

The average age of women nursing students in Australia is rising. With this comes the likelihood that more now begin university with family responsibilities, and with their lives structured by the roles of mother and partner. Women with more traditionally gendered ideas of these roles, such as nurturing others and self‐sacrifice, are known to be attracted to nursing as a profession; once at university, however, these students can be vulnerable to gender role stress from the competing demands of study. A qualitative research design, guided by Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophy, explored the gendered behaviours and experiences of 22 women nursing students, all of whom had children and began university in a heterosexual intimate relationship. The findings reveal traditional ideas of gender were almost universal among participants, and these ideas had a significant influence on the nursing degree experience. Participants commonly prioritised family over the university and practiced maternal gatekeeping (prevention of male partner involvement in domestic work). These traditionally gendered behaviours, coupled with experiences of gender role stress, had a detrimental impact on participants' capacity to study and their personal wellbeing. The importance of these findings to the burgeoning nursing workforce shortage nursing is considered in terms of student retention and the supply of graduates into the profession. The implications to the nursing profession are also explored against the evidence that nursing students with traditional gender beliefs are less likely to develop as autonomous, critical thinking nurses compared to their gender‐egalitarian peers. The introduction of gender theory via critical pedagogy in the undergraduate nursing degree curriculum is recommended to enlighten and empower women nursing students and promote the competence, agility, and sustainability of the nursing profession.
Quality of life and lifetime achievement in adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Stanford Nicole Toscana , McAllister Jennie , Gibbons Meredith , Jensen Kristin , Lee Hannah , Rothkopf Amy , Jackson Ruslana , Farr Maryjane , Addonizio Linda , Law Sabrina , Lee Teresa , Richmond Marc , Zuckerman Warren
Published: August 2022

Background

Survival in pediatric heart transplantation has improved since the first successful transplant over 35 years ago leading to increasing numbers of patients entering adulthood. We sought to examine quality of life and various lifetime achievements in our institutional population of long‐term adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant.

Methods

Participants ≥18 years of age who received a heart transplant as a pediatric patient (<18 years old), and who have survived ≥10 years post‐transplant, completed two self‐report surveys: (1) Ferrans and Powers QLI cardiac version which reports a measure of life satisfaction with a range of 0 (very dissatisfied) to 1 (very satisfied); and (2) CHONY Pediatric Heart Transplant Life Achievement Survey to examine lifetime achievement.

Results

Sixty‐two and sixty‐five participants completed the Ferrans and Powers QLI cardiac version and CHONY Pediatric Heart Transplant Life Achievement Survey. The mean overall QLI was 0.75 ± 0.14 with the most satisfaction in the family domain. QLI scores were analyzed by age at initial transplant, gender, indication for transplant, and whether patients currently followed by pediatric or adult providers, with no statistically significant differences noted. Seventy‐two percent of participants demonstrated stable employment or schooling. Around thirty percent of participants showed the ability to reach academic milestones including college and post‐graduate education and ten percent to start their own families.

Conclusions

Our cohort of long‐term adult survivors of pediatric heart transplant report a quality of life with scores thought to be reflective of a satisfactory quality of life, and many demonstrate achievement of major life milestones.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopy findings after pediatric solid organ transplantation: A case series
Authors: Ylinen Elisa , Merras‐Salmio Laura , Jahnukainen Timo
Published: August 2022

Background

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Information about colonoscopy findings after pediatric SOT is limited. This retrospective study reports endoscopy findings in a nationwide pediatric transplant recipient cohort.

Methods

All pediatric recipients (kidney, liver, or heart) transplanted between 2010 and 2020 at our institution (n = 193) who had undergone ileocolonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after SOT were enrolled. Sixteen patients were identified. A meticulous search on clinical data including transplantation, gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopy findings, and follow‐up data was performed.

Results

Endoscopy was performed at a median of 2.6 years (0.4–13.3) after the first transplantation (median age at SOT 1.2 years). Gastrointestinal symptoms leading to endoscopy did not differ between the different transplant groups. The leading endoscopy indications were prolonged diarrhea and anemia. PTLD was found in 8 (50%) patients. Five were histologically early PTLD lesions and three were monomorphic large B‐cell PTLDs (two EBV‐positive and one EBV‐negative), one having previously been diagnosed with autoimmune enteropathy. One patient had EBV enteritis. De novo inflammatory bowel disease was found in one patient, eosinophilic gastroenteritis in another, and in one patient with several episodes of watery diarrhea, the histological finding was mild non‐specific colitis. In four patients, the endoscopy finding remained unclear and the symptoms were suspected to be caused by infectious agents or mycophenolate.

Conclusions

PTDL with various stages is a common finding after pediatric SOT in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy should be considered in transplant recipients with prolonged diarrhea, anemia, and/or abdominal pain.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosome miR‐29b‐3p alleviates UV irradiation‐induced photoaging in skin fibroblast
Authors: Yan Tingting , Huang Lining , Yan Yunling , Zhong Yiping , Xie Heng , Wang Xiaohua
Published: August 2022

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosome (MSCs‐exo) was identified to reduce photoaging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of microRNA (miR)‐29b‐3p derived from bone marrow MSCs‐exo (BMSCs‐exo) in photoaging.

Methods

Exosomes were isolated from BMSCs and verified by Western blot. A photoaging cell model was constructed by UVB irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) was performed to detect the mRNA levels of miR‐29b‐3p, collagen type I and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). CCK‐8, Transwell and flow cytometry were applicated to examine cell viability, migration and apoptosis. Commercial kits are used to measure levels of oxidative stress indicators. Finally, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay was applied to validate the target of miR‐29b‐3p.

Results

Extracted exosomes were positive for HSP70 and CD9. Survival of HDFs increased in an exosome concentration‐dependent manner. UVB irradiation inhibited miR‐29b‐3p levels compared with controls, but BMSCs‐exo treatment restored miR‐29b‐3p levels (p < .05). Additionally, BMSCs‐exo‐miR‐29b‐3p reversed the inhibition of HDFs migration and oxidative stress by UVB irradiation, as well as the promotion of apoptosis. However, this reversal was attenuated by the suppression of miR‐29b‐3p (p < .05). Furthermore, BMSCs‐exo‐miR‐29b‐3p also inhibited the degradation of collagen type I and the production of MMPs in photoaging, and they were also eliminated by the reduced miR‐29b‐3p. Finally, MMP‐2 was the target gene of miR‐29b‐3p.

Conclusion

Our study presented a novel role for BMSCs‐exo‐miR‐29b‐3p in improving skin photoaging function, and these findings may provide new insights into the targeted treatment of skin photoaging.