bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning over No-Preferred and Preferred Sequence of Items for Robust Recommendation
Authors: Burashnikova Aleksandra , Maximov Yury , Clausel Marianne , Laclau Charlotte , Iutzeler Franck , Amini Massih-Reza
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose a theoretically supported sequential strategy for training a large-scale Recommender System (RS) over implicit feedback, mainly in the form of clicks. The proposed approach consists in minimizing pairwise ranking loss over blocks of consecutive items constituted by a sequence of non-clicked items followed by a clicked one for each user. We present two variants of this strategy where model parameters are updated using either the momentum method or a gradient-based approach. To prevent updating the parameters for an abnormally high number of clicks over some targeted items (mainly due to bots), we introduce an upper and a lower threshold on the number of updates for each user. These thresholds are estimated over the distribution of the number of blocks in the training set. They affect the decision of RS by shifting the distribution of items that are shown to the users. Furthermore, we provide a convergence analysis of both algorithms and demonstrate their practical efficiency over six large-scale collections with respect to various ranking measures and computational time.
PERHITUNGAN PRODUKSI 177Lu BERDASARKAN VARIASI WAKTU IRADIASI DI REAKTOR RSG-GAS MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM ORIGEN 2.1
Authors: Riskiana Dewi Nur , Effendi Mukhtar , Sunardi Ariyawan , Imron Mochamad , Rohman Hakim Abdul Aziz
Published: May 2021

Telah dilakukan perhitungan radioaktivitas 177Lu (Lutetium-177) dengan variasi waktu iradiasi di Reaktor RSG-GAS. 177Lu merupakan radioisotop golongan lantanida yang sekarang banyak digunakan sebagai agen radioterapi kanker. Perhitungan ini menggunakan paket program ORIGEN 2.1 dengan memasukkan data inputan seperti fluks neutron (1 x 104 n/m2 s), massa lutetium oksida (3 miligram) dan lama iradiasi (4 hari,8 hari, dan 12 hari). Dalam penentuan massa lutetium dibedakan menjadi dua komponen yaitu massa 176Lu dan 175Lu yang berturut-turut sebesar 2 miligram dan 0,6 miligram. Perhitungan tersebut menghasilkan radioaktivitas produksi 177Lu tertinggi sebesar 30,939 GBq pada 12 hari iradiasi. Sedangkan, radioaktivitas produksi 177Lu terendah sebesar 15,939 GBq pada 4 hari iradiasi. Dari hasil tersebut, radioaktivitas produksi 177Lu dengan lama iradiasi mempunyai hubungan lininer. Kemudian radioaktivitas produksi 177Lu untuk melebihi 20 GBq dapat dimulai dari 8 hari iradiasi. Adapun radioaktivitas peluruhan 177Lu dengan waktu peluruhannya memiliki hubungan yang berbanding terbalik.
Északkelet Magyarország kora bronzkora és kapcsolatai. Az i. e. 2 évezred vázlatos története
Authors: Kalicz Nándor
Published: May 2021

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Challenges and Solutions in the Development of Professional Social Work in Vietnam in International Integration: Vision and Orientation
Authors: Manh Ha Luong
Published: May 2021

The growth of professional social work in Vietnam took a major step forward in 2004, that social work was officially recognized as a profession in Vietnam when the Vietnam Prime Minister approved Decree 32 about Developing Social Work Profession in Vietnam, a national master blueprint to develop social work. This article gives an overview of current challenges and solutions that are being implemented to address the major issues that Vietnam is facing. Especially, the Vision and Orientation to development of Professional Social Work in Vietnam in international integration. Besides that also refers to aims at providing suggestions for maintaining the social work education in Vietnam with professional training direction
Wavelet Based Image Coding via Image Component Prediction Using Neural Networks
Authors:   Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Environment and Society, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 1528552 Japan, Takezawa Takuma , Yamashita Yukihiko
Published: May 2021

In the process of wavelet based image coding, it is possible to enhance the performance by applying prediction. However, it is difficult to apply the prediction using a decoded image to the 2D DWT which is used in JPEG2000 because the decoded pixels are apart from pixels which should be predicted. Therefore, not images but DWT coefficients have been predicted. To solve this problem, predictive coding is applied for one-dimensional transform part in 2D DWT. Zhou and Yamashita proposed to use half-pixel line segment matching for the prediction of wavelet based image coding with prediction. In this research, convolutional neural networks are used as the predictor which estimates a pair of target pixels from the values of pixels which have already been decoded and adjacent to the target row. It helps to reduce the redundancy by sending the error between the real value and its predicted value. We also show its advantage by experimental results.
A Model of Convolutional Neural Network Combined with External Knowledge to Measure the Question Similarity for Community Question Answering Systems
Authors:   VNU University of Engineering and Technology, Ha Noi City, Vietnam, Nguyen Van-Tu , Le Anh-Cuong , Nguyen Ha-Nam
Published: May 2021

Automatically determining similar questions and ranking the obtained questions according to their similarities to each input question is a very important task to any community Question Answering system (cQA). Various methods have applied for this task including conventional machine learning methods with feature extraction and some recent studies using deep learning methods. This paper addresses the problem of how to combine advantages of different methods into one unified model. Moreover, deep learning models are usually only effective for large data, while training data sets in cQA problems are often small, so the idea of integrating external knowledge into deep learning models for this cQA problem becomes more important. To this objective, we propose a neural network-based model which combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with features from other methods so that the deep learning model is enhanced with addtional knowledge sources. In our proposed model, the CNN component will learn the representation of two given questions, then combined additional features through a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to measure similarity between the two questions. We tested our proposed model on the SemEval 2016 task-3 data set and obtain better results in comparison with previous studies on the same task.
Research on Predicting the Bending Strength of Ceramic Matrix Composites with Process of Incomplete Data
Authors:   School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710129 China, Gao Xiang , Li Guanghui , Tan Rong , Yao Leijiang
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development of machine learning, it is possible to use neural networks to build models to predict performance of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) with raw materials and environments. In the traditional material science engineering, it always took a long time to develop a new CMC. Furthermore, there is still no theoretical basis providing references to design experiments to develop CMCs with ideal performances. This work proposed a model to predict the bending strength of CMCs with a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) using 8 factors considered to affect the bending strength of CMCs mainly. For the data were all collected from papers published on journals and conferences, and there is no standard to describe an experiment, the incompleteness of data influences the performance of our model seriously. Then we tried several methods to fill the data, finally the regression imputation with a dual-hidden-layer neural network performed a significant improvement of the CNN bending strength prediction model.
Perinatal outcome in pregnancies with nuchal cord: prospective cross-sectional study at tertiary care institute
Authors: Dias Zaneta , Kore Shailesh
Published: May 2021

Background: The umbilical cord around the neck of fetus at the time of birth is nuchal cord (NC). NC is blamed as a major cause of fetal distress and perinatal mortality. The present study was undertaken to found out the incidence of nuchal cord at delivery and its perinatal outcomes in babies born with NC.Methods: Total 500 low risk women delivered either vaginally or abdominally after 34 completed weeks of gestation were included in the study. Cases with NC at the time of delivery were taken as study group and the cases which did not have NC served as control group. Various obstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome were studied.Results: The frequency of NC found was 35.6% of all the deliveries. Women with age between 21-25 years showed the maximum presence of NC (11.4%) and NC mostly seen between 38-40 weeks of gestation (24.8%). Presence of NC had no statistical significance on the maternal age, parity, period of gestation, mode of delivery, presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and fetal distress. Prolonged duration of labour was seen in the presence of NC. The presence of NC was directly proportional to the length of cord and umbilical cord coiling. Perinatal outcome of babies in terms of Apgar score and seen as NICU admissions rate were not statistically significant. Tight NC had a poor Apgar score needed more intensive care.Conclusions: NC is a common finding at the time of delivery. The present study suggests that NC is not associated with significant perinatal outcome.
Post-partum labial adhesion-a case report
Authors: Wakode Shamrao Ramji , Bhat Varsha Narayana
Published: May 2021

A 22 years old primipara presented after 1.5 years of uncomplicated normal vaginal delivery with complaints of difficulty during intercourse and inability to conceive. Examination revealed labial adhesion connecting left and right labia minora with only 5 mm pinhole opening at the posterior end. Surgical division under anaesthesia resulted in successful complete recovery.
Efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology as a primary diagnostic tool for cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Horaira Sarder M. Abu
Published: May 2021

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a frequently encountered neck lesion in routine daily practice all over the globe. The etiology varies from a benign inflammatory process to a malignant condition. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is now a days the initial investigation in most of the cases of cervical lymph node enlargement. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of cervical lymph nodes with an emphasis on discordant cases between the cytology and the histopathology.Methods: The present study was a retrospective one, conducted at the department of pathology, Rajshahi medical college and hospital located in west-northern region of Bangladesh over a period of one year (January 2019 to December 2019). FNAC assessed and histopathologically correlated 122 documented cases were included in the study.Results: The cytological diagnoses were detected to be benign in 107 cases (87.70%) and malignant in 15 cases (12.30%). Reactive lymphadenitis (67.20%) was the most common benign lesion followed by granulomatous lymphadenitis (16.40%). The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of cytological diagnosis of cervical lymph node were 97.16%, 75%, 96.26% and 80%, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 94.26% while the overall discordance rate was 5.73%.Conclusions: FNAC is the preliminary investigation of choice in the diagnostic approach to most of the cases of cervical lymphadenopathy and it has good diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of contraception among the married women of reproductive age group in urban slums of Lucknow
Authors: Verma Neeti , Bajpai Prashant K.
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite the availability of a wide range of contraceptive and mass media campaigns and information, education, and communication programs, population control remains a distant dream to achieve. The low use of spacing methods is reflected by early childbearing and short birth intervals. The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of different contraceptive methods among married women in the reproductive age group.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 married women in the reproductive age group (18-49 years) attending the outpatient department (OPD) of urban health training centre and came mainly from the neighboring slum locality.Results: We have included a total of 230 participants in the study analysis. Almost all (98.6%) of the study participants had knowledge about at least one method of contraception. If we see the use of contraceptive methods, 163 (70.8%) women ever used any of the contraceptive methods. Less than half (40.9%) had knowledge that contraceptive methods reduce the economic burden on the family. A negative attitude towards the practice of contraception was found among 11.7 percent of women in the study. When asking about present (last 1 year) practice of contraception, 29.1% not practiced any method of contraception, 25.6% used oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), and 27.8% used condoms.Conclusions: The study reveals good knowledge and favorable attitude of rural couples towards contraception. Contraceptive knowledge and practice were influenced by exposure to family planning messages. Women's education and counselling of couples can play an important role in adopting family planning methods.
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and outcome of SARS-COV-2 cases in Uttar Pradesh: descriptive analysis
Authors: Singh Amresh Kumar , Adhikari Indra Prasad , Gaur Vivek
Published: May 2021

Corona virus is one of the major pathogens that primarily target the human respiratory system. Previous outbreaks of corona viruses include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV which have been previously characterized as agents that are a great public health threat. In late December 2019, a cluster of patients was admitted to hospitals with an initial diagnosis of pneumonia of an unknown etiology. These patients were epidemiologically linked to a sea food and wet animal wholesale market in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In India on 30th January 2020 first positive case in a student from Kerala of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, who was studying in Wuhan University and had travelled to India, tested positive by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As of 15th March 2021, in India total confirmed cases 94,61,901 recovery 88,47,600 death 1,37,582 have been reported from 32 states/union territories in U.P. state has 6,05,290 confirmed cases, resulting in 8,746 deaths and 595,637 recoveries. The case fatality rate in Uttar Pradesh was stands at 1.4%. Among different districts of U.P., the Lucknow was listed as first with 82,213 cases, 80,740 recovered and 1,190 deaths. Next states were Kanpur; 33,111 cases, and 839 deaths, Prayagraj 29,436 cases, and 409 deaths, Meerut; 22477 cases, and 442 deaths, Ghaziabad 26902 cases, 26694 recovered, 102 death and Gorakhpur 21510 confirmed case 21115 recovered and 366 deaths till 15th March 2021.
Second wave of COVID-19 and hesitation of vaccination in India
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Kaur Harleen
Published: May 2021

Amid the surge of COVID-19 cases in India have already risked its "window of opportunity" period to have ramped up its progressive and determined vaccination program. Today, as the government has the escalating threat of coronavirus variants, it has entered into the second wave, facing an uptick in COVID-19 cases. The vaccination drive-through vital is again running at a slow pace.
Extraocular muscle diameter in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria: what is normal?
Authors: Annongu Terkimbi I. , Msuega Chia D. , Mohammad Hameed O. , Iorpagher Kator P. , Kator Chaha , Shagbaor Ayough N. , Bemgba Wuave R. , Ojaare Magaji G.
Published: May 2021

Background: Establishing normal values of extra ocular muscle (EOM) diameter is essential in a given population. Factors including race, region, gender and environment affect the normal diameter of the EOM. The aim of the study was to determine the normal sizes of the EOM in a population in the North Central part of Nigeria using computed tomography (CT).Methods: One hundred and eighty-three CT images of patients who underwent craniofacial imaging for other conditions and who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. The maximum diameters of the EOMs on coronal reformatted CT images which are the superior group (SG) (superior rectus and the levator palpebral), inferior rectus (IR) medial rectus (MR) and lateral rectus (LR) were assessed.Results: The mean values±SD obtained were 3.65±1.13, 3.93±0.94, 3.40±0.67, 3.43±0.92 for SG, 1R, MR, and LR muscles respectively on the right and 3.61±1.07, 3.86±0.92, 3.34±0.70, 3.42±0.08 for SG, IR MR and LR muscles respectively on the left. The order IR>SR>MR>LR of average muscle diameter was obtained. The females in this region showed slightly higher mean values of the diameter of the EOM than the males; however, this was not statistically significant. By age, there was no consistent correlation.Conclusions: The established normal values of the EOM may serve as a reference point for ophthalmologist and for cosmetic surgeons and also will add to the pool of the existing knowledge for academic purposes.
A study to evaluate and compare the outcomes of endoscope versus microscope assisted myringoplasty
Authors: Babu K. Sharath , Shankar R.
Published: May 2021

Background: In microscope assisted middle ear procedures surgeons can only observe the parts of the tympanic cavity, the hidden areas, such as the facial recess and sinus tympani, would not be visualised which needs to be exposed for performing tympanoplasty. The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of microscope versus endoscope assisted myringoplasties in terms of duration of the procedure, graft take up, improvement in hearing and incidence of any complications.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted for a period of one year. A total of 72 patients with CSOM were randomised into two groups of 36 each. Group A patients (n=36) underwent traditional myringoplasty under a microscope and group B patients (n=36) endoscopic assisted myringoplasty was performed. Post-operatively all the patients were followed up for a period of one year. During the follow-up period patients were assessed for the graft take up, hearing improvement, incidence of complications and recurrence rate between the two groups.

Results: Successful graft uptake was observed in 88.8% among patients underwent microscope assisted myringoplasty and it was 94.4% in endoscopic assisted myringoplasty. The mean duration of surgery was 123 mins in microscopic assisted group compared to 92 mins in endoscopic assisted group and the difference was found to be statistically significant. Similarly, the cosmetic results and the post-operative pain were more favorable for endoscopic assisted group than microscopic assisted group and the difference was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions: Enoscopic assisted procedure could be considered as a better alternative for microscopic assisted myringoplasty.
Radiological findings and clinical features for the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy: a study from Iraq
Authors: Alnakshabandi Abdulla , Sultan Khaled Hashim
Published: May 2021

Background: Adenoid is a prevalent condition among children. Adenoidectomy has been done based on clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study is to determine the agreement between clinical features of adenoid enlargement, X-ray and adenoid size.

Methods: Hundred symptomatic children were enrolled into this study at ENT. Department of Al-Bin Sina teaching hospital in Mosul city of Iraq. History was taken, clinical examination for adenoid enlargement and skull X-ray (lateral view) were performed for all children with assessment of adenoid size 1 day before operation.

Results: The respondent composed of 5% male children and 46% females with average age of 6 years. Adenoid facies were the most frequent presentation followed by snoring then nasal obstruction. Around 64% had positive otoscopic findings and another 58% had hearing impairment and only 22% had ear discharge. All of the clinical findings showed (100%) sensitivity and specificity vary from (64%) to (90%). The accuracy rate for clinical   features ranged from 92% to 98%. X-ray findings show a low accuracy rate (92%) in comparison to others.

Conclusions: Clinical findings could be used to select children for adenoidectomy, especially when endoscopic examination is not available or cannot be performed.

 
Middle turbinate concha bullosa and its relationship with chronic sinusitis: a review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2021

Sinonasal diseases are serious health issues found in the clinical practice. Sinonasal diseases are often associated with anatomical variants in the sinonasal tract. There are numerous sinonasal anatomical variants found frequently in computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses. Middle turbinate concha bullosa is a common anatomical variant found in the nasal cavity. Pneumatization of the middle turbinate is called as concha bullosa. The pneumatization of the middle turbinate is mostly via the anterior ethmoidal air cells. Pneumatizations through posterior ethmoid air cells are also reported. There are three types of concha bullosa such as lamellar, bulbous and extensive.  Majority of the patients with middle turbinate concha bullosa are asymptomatic. Sometimes this is accidentally detected during proper evaluation of the headache. Sometimes the middle turbinate concha bullosa is associated with chronic sinusitis. However, there are very few literatures which correlate the middle turbinate concha bullosa and chronic sinusitis. Although chronic sinusitis is a clinical diagnosis, the imagings like CT scan are useful to assess the extent of the disease and demonstrate the sinonasal anatomy. CT scan of the paranasal sinuses and diagnostic nasal endoscopy are important tests useful for evaluation of the middle turbinate concha bullosa and its relations with chronic sinusitis. This review article discusses on the details of the middle turbinate concha bullosa and its relationship with chronic sinusitis.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1998
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1998.
A Rare Case of Emphysematous Endocarditis Caused by Escherichia coli
Authors: Al-Dhahli Ahmed S , Al-Umairi Rashid S , Elkadi Osama
Published: May 2021

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart endocardium with significant morbidity and mortality. Gram negative infection, particularly emphysematous IE, is an extremely rare and life-threatening disease. We report a 59-year-old diabetic female patient who was admitted to a secondary care hospital in Rustaq, Oman, in 2017 with the diagnosis of pneumonia for which she was started on antibiotics. Shortly afterwards, she developed facial and mouth deviation and became more tachypneic. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated bilateral multiple small infarcts. Pulmonary angiography computed tomography was performed which ruled out pulmonary embolism. Nonetheless, it revealed an air-containing lesion around the mitral valve. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a hyperechoic mobile lesion related to the mitral valve. Blood culture grew Escherichia coli and the diagnosis of E. coli emphysematous IE was made based on modified Duke criteria. The patient’s clinical condition deteriorated and she suffered cardiac arrest leading to her death. The recommended treatment for non-HACEK IE includes an extended antibiotic course and surgery for selected patients.
Keywords: Endocarditis; Escherichia coli; Mitral Valve; Echocardiography; Intracranial Embolism; Emphysema; Case Report; Oman.
Spontaneous Haemoperitoneum in Pregnancy (SHiP) with Placenta Percreta in Bicornuate Uterus with Successful Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Santhosh Jayasree , Kharka Latha V. , Kamona Atheel , Al Amri Sumaiya S.
Published: May 2021

Intraperitoneal haemorrhage during pregnancy or postpartum without any history of trauma is termed Spontaneous Haemoperitoneum in Pregnancy (SHiP). This is a rare condition, causing significant morbidity and mortality for the mother and the neonate. We report a case of SHiP in a patient who presented to us at 31 weeks of gestation with right iliac fossa pain, pallor and tachycardia. Radiological investigations revealed intraperitoneal bleeding and a right adnexal haematoma. She was managed conservatively with blood transfusion and supportive care. At 36 weeks of gestation, lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) was done and a live baby with good Apgar score was delivered. Per-operatively, she was found to have a bicornuate uterus, placenta percreta at the junction of the horns and a right adnexal haematoma. This case highlights the significance of thorough evaluation of acute abdominal pain in pregnancy in avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention and iatrogenic prematurity.

Keywords: Abdominal pain; Caesarean Section; Hemoperitoneum; Placenta accreta; Pregnancy.
The Beginning of the Formation of the Railway Network in the North Caucasus
Authors: Zabelin Alexey V.
Published: May 2021

The problem of the need for construction of railways in the North Caucasus as a strategically and economically important enterprise for maintaining and developing the viability of the region is considered. Preconditions and opinions on the appropriateness of railway connection are given. To achieve this goal in the region, it was decided to establish a new joint-stock company of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway. The dynamics is investigated from planning, choosing the final direction from those proposed by the engineers who carried out surveys on the ground, to the actual opening of permanent traffic on the first (main) line of the Rostov-on-Don - Vladikavkaz Society - the first highway that connected the Caucasus with the central part of the state in 1875 ... A brief description of this path is given. The geography of the line was investigated. Some stages of further development are given, the results and opinions obtained during the operation of the road are summed up. The issue of location and development of the Rostov railway junction is considered. Already in the first years of operation, the enormous potential of railway transport in the North Caucasus was obvious, not only strategically, but also as an economically important enterprise that opened up new opportunities for the development of the region, which in turn made the railway the main industrial giant.
Analysis of Nutritional Diversity and Antioxidant Activity of Finger Millet Landraces
Authors: Kazi T.S. , Laware S.L. , Auti S.G.
Published: May 2021

Background: Finger millet landraces exhibit great diversity as it grown in wide range of climatic conditions. Landraces keep huge nutritional and antioxidant potential but it has been highly ignored during the course of time. Exploration of landraces are essential to find out potential landraces on the backdrop of malnutrition in tribal pockets and nutrient deficiency in urban region. Methods: Finger millet landraces were collected from tribal pockets of Nashik, Ahmednagar, Dhule and Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra, India. Nutritional and antioxidant studies were done by following standard protocols. Result: Obtained results shows nutritional diversity and exhibit good amount of antioxidant activity. Landraces exhibited significant amount of protein (3.55% to 18.20%), carbohydrates (40% to 78.33%) and reducing sugars (149.67 mg/100 gm to 666 mg/ 100 gm), while vitamin C content did not show variations. Difference in the tannin content of red-brown (7444.67 mg/100gm) and white grains (1347 mg/100gm) was noted. Variation in the phenolic, flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity were noted. The highest antioxidant activity was noted during the investigation (84.95%, 81.41% and 80.53%). To conclude, finger millet landraces are highly nutritious and need to be conserve as potential source of nutrients and antioxidant and for nutritional traits.
Specifics of Migration Development n the South-East of Ukraine in 2014-2020
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena V.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the transformation of migration processes in the south-east of Ukraine, caused by the consequences of the armed conflict in this territory. The study touches upon the problem of adaptation of internally displaced persons, which requires its solution, but the measures taken by the state do not allow settling the problem of accommodation, employment, observance of the constitutional rights of people who have moved from Donetsk and Lugansk regions to other ones of the country. Forced migration, which arose as a result of the military confrontation and the deterioration of the socio-economic situation, deprived the majority of the working-age population of the opportunity to work in accordance with the acquired qualifications. This led to significant migration changes in the region. A lot of citizens have become either internally displaced persons, or rushed to other countries, residents of the south-eastern regions of Ukraine, more often choose the Russian Federation. Therefore, this article discusses measures to regulate migration processes in the Russian Federation, which was largely influenced by the current situation, especially at the beginning of the exacerbation. An analysis of the subsequent steps taken by the Russian authorities shows that in 2015-2016 individual measures did not solve the problem as a whole. Therefore, later the draft law on simplifying Russian citizenship for compatriots who live in countries with a difficult situation or in conditions of armed conflicts was adopted in 2018. Finally, in 2019, Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation No. 183 and No. 187 with July amendments for citizens of Ukraine from other regions, and then additions to the Federal Law “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation” (April 2020) simplified the situation and determined the interest in these citizens. And the statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation cited in the study confirm the growth trend in the number of such citizens. Although the lack of demand for their professional experience, the problems of settling in a new place require further regulation. Some of the citizens who have received Russian citizenship remain to live and work in the unrecognized republics. After analyzing the ongoing changes in the migration situation in the south-east of Ukraine, the features that affect its development and further migration trends in this region were identified. This article points to a possible military exacerbation, which determines the further development of the situation.
Biomedical Applications of Targeted Drug Delivery, Nanotheranostic and Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Sadiq Idris , Abubakar Fatima Sadiq , Hassan Hassan Aliyu
Published: May 2021

Background: Convectional methods for drug delivery often faces setbacks due to systemic distribution, short half-life and degradation of therapeutics and therefore reduce concentrations of drug available to target tissue. Nanotheranostic provide a novel method for treating and diagnosing diseases Methodology: collection and review of relevant literatureResult: while nanotheranostic offer advantage of personalized medicine and often combines diagnosis and therapy using single molecular approach, nuclear medicine relies on radioactive isotopes to diagnosed and destroys cancer cells. In both cases, nanocarriers such as lipid-based, polymer-based, drug-conjugate, inorganic nanoparticles are used to deliver drugs/probes/isotopes to target site, generating images and thereafter chemotherapy/radiotherapy begins.Conclusion: Nanotheranostic plays important role in diseases diagnostic, therapy, imaging, monitoring of disease progression / response through the use of nanocarriers. This is made possible through nanoparticles/nanocarriers that delivers drug to the target tissues/cells.
Structural Evidences for Present-day Compressive Tectonics at the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago (Equatorial Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Campos Thomas , Motoki Kenji , Sichel Susanna , Barão Leonardo , Maia Marcia , Brunelli Daniele , Neto Joaquim , Vargas Thais , Szatmari Peter , Fonseca Estefan
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the tectonics of the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago (SPSPA) in the Equato-rial Atlantic Ocean, based on the joint-system geometry which show a North-South shorten-ing/transpressional uplift tectonism, is active leading to exhumation of the sub-oceanic mantle. These islets are the summits of a sigmoidal submarine ridge formed by mantle ultramafic rocks. The ridge is crossed by the principal transform deformation zone of the northern transform fault of the St. Paul Multifault System. The South flank ridge exposes serpentinized mantle perido-tites, while the North flank exposes strongly deformed/fractured ultramylonites, recording duc-tile and brittle deformation at lithospheric conditions. The SPSPA show multiple joint systems cutting mylonitic foliation of the exposed rocks, forming three main families: high-angle paral-lel joints of tectonic origin, serpentinization-related joints with random direction and load-release low-angle parallel joints. The tectonic joints show an average direction of N31°E and N28°W, forming a conjugate system with a N1ºW compression axes, coherent with a trans-pressive stress field. Accordingly, the earthquakes focal mechanism close to the islets also shows N-S compression. The previously reported active uplift with an average rate of 1.5 mm/year and the directions of the joint system here reported agreeing with a present-day active N-S compres-sive field at a high angle with the direction of the transform fault.
Regulation of Krüppel-like Factor 15 Expression by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 or Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection
Authors: El-Mayet Fouad S. , Harrison Kelly S. , Jones Clinton
Published: May 2021

Expression of Krüppel–like factor 15 (KLF15), a stress induced transcription factor, is induced during bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) reactivation from latency, and KLF15 stimulates BoHV-1 replication. Transient transfection studies revealed KLF15 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) cooperatively transactivate the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1), herpes sim-plex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), and ICP4 promoter. The IEtu1 promoter drives expression of bICP0 and bICP4, two key BoHV-1 transcriptional regulatory proteins. Based on these studies, we hypothesized infection is a stressful stimulus that increases KLF15 ex-pression and enhances productive infection. New studies demonstrated that silencing KLF15 impaired HSV-1 productive infection and KLF15 steady state protein levels were increased at late stages of productive infection. KLF15 was primarily localized to the nucleus following in-fection of cultured cells with HSV-1, but not BoHV-1. When cells were transfected with a KLF15 promoter construct and then infected with HSV-1, promoter activity was significantly increased. The ICP0 gene and to a lesser extent bICP0 transactivated the KLF15 promoter in the absence of other viral proteins. In contrast, BoHV-1 or HSV-1 encoded VP16 had no effect on KLF15 pro-moter activity. Collectively, these studies revealed HSV-1 and BoHV-1 productive infection in-creased KLF15 steady state protein levels, which correlated with increased virus production.
Durum Wheat Yield and N Uptake as Affected by N Rate, Timing and Source in Two Mediterranean Environments
Authors: Pampana Silvia , Mariotti Marco
Published: May 2021

In Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) site-specific techniques are needed to match N availability with durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.) requirements. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers (EEF) can improve efficient N supply and reduce leaching, thus contributing to sustainable agriculture. To study the effects of rates, sources and timings of nitrogen application, two-year field experiments were carried out at two Mediterranean NVZs of Central Italy (Pisa and Arezzo). The trial compared: i) two N rates: one based on the crop N requirements (NO), the other on the Action Programmes’ prescriptions of the two NVZ (NAP); ii) three N sources (urea, methylene urea (MU), and nitrification inhibitor (NI) 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP); and two top-dressing timings (1st tiller visible and 1st node detectable). Grain yield and yield components were determined, together with N uptake. Results showed that: i) grain and biomass production were reduced with NAP at both locations; ii) urea performed better than slow-release fertilizers; iii) the best application time varied depending on N source and location: at Pisa enhanced-efficiency fertilizers achieved higher yields when applied earliest, while for urea the contrary was true; at Arezzo different N fertilizers showed similar performances between the two application timings. Different behaviors of top-dressing fertilizers at the two localities could be related to the diverse patterns of temperatures and rainfall. Therefore, optimal fertilization strategies vary according to environmental conditions.
Preliminary Study of the Potential Photoprotective Effect of Organogel-Based Lipstick Formulations: Texture Analysis, Rheological, Thermal and Sensory Properties
Authors: Esposito Cloé L. , Kirilov Plamen
Published: May 2021

With the increase in occupation-specific risks of lip cancer associated with solar radiation, there is a need for developing photoprotective lipsticks to protect skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. Considering the unique chemical and physical properties of low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs), the present study intended to assess the UV protective properties of LMOGs-based lipstick formulations. In this study, dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) were used to formulate lipsticks : L1 (1% DBS), L2 (10% 12-HSA), L3 (1.5% DBS) and L4 (control, no LMOGs). The lipstick formulations were tested for in vitro sun protection factors (SPF), UVA protection factor (UVA-PF), thermal, mechanical and texture analyses. Lipsticks with LMOGs exhibited higher UVA-PF and SPF, and more particularly 12-HSA-based lipstick. Results showed also the viscoelastic and heat-resistant properties of LMOGs and their effect of increasing pay-off values. In general, texture analysis indicating that 12-HSA-based lipstick was significantly harder to bend compared to control, while other formulations became softer and easier to bend throughout the stability study. Finally, sensorial and instrumental analyses permitted to classify lipsticks into two groups. This work suggests the potential use of LMOGs as a structuring agent for lipsticks paving the way towards more photoprotective and sustainable-derived alternatives.
A Compact Muon Tracker for Dynamic Tomography of Density Based on a Thin Time Projection Chamber with Micromegas Readout
Authors: Lázaro Roche Ignacio
Published: May 2021

Tomography based on cosmic muon absorption is a rising technique because of its versatility and its consolidation as geophysics tool over the past decade. It allows to address major societal issues such as long-term stability of natural and man-made large infrastructures or sustainable underwater management. Traditionally, muon trackers consist of hodoscopes or multilayer detectors. For applications with challenging available volumes or wide field of view required, a thin time projection chamber (TPC) associated with a Micromegas readout plane can provide a good tradeoff between compactness and performance. This paper details the design of such a TPC aiming at maximizing primary signal and minimizing track reconstruction artifacts. The results of the measurements performed during a case study addressing the aforementioned applications are discussed. The current works lines and perspectives of the project are also presented.
Unveiling the Ionic Diels-Alder Reactions within the Molecular Electron Density Theory
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Aurell María J.
Published: May 2021

The ionic Diels-Alder (I-DA) reactions of a series of six iminium cations with cyclopentadiene have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). The superelectrophilic character of iminium cations,  > 8.20 eV, accounts for the high reactivity of these species participating in I-DA reactions. The activation energies are found between 13 and 20 kcal·mol-1 lower in energy than those associated to the corresponding Diels-Alder (DA) reactions of neutral imines. These reactions are low endo selective as a consequence of the cationic character of the TSs, but highly regioselective. Solvents have poor effects on the relative energies, and an unappreciable effect in the geometries. In dichloromethane the activation energies increase slightly as a consequence of the better solvation of the iminium cations than the cationic TSs. ELF topological analysis of the bonding changes along the I-DA reactions shows that they are very similar to those in polar DA reactions. The present MEDT study makes it possible establishing that the global electron density transfer (GEDT) taking place at the TSs of I-DA reactions, and not steric (Pauli) repulsions such as have been recently proposed, are responsible for the features of these type of DA reactions.
Diagnosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Tesoriero Paul , Feng James E. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Kiprovski Kiril , Marwin Scott , Wiznia Daniel
Published: May 2021

Case Report:

A 67-year-old man presented with signs of acute periprosthetic infection after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Surgical debridement, antibiotics, and a head and liner exchange were performed. After showing no improvement, a single-stage revision was conducted. Postoperatively, he developed back pain and lower extremity weakness. Electrodiagnostic studies showed a Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) variant. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered to halt disease progression. After 1 year, he still demonstrated neuromuscular deficits and required a cane for ambulation.

Conclusion:

This case highlights GBS after THA. A high degree of clinical suspicion is essential to prevent misinterpretation as a postsurgical complication.

Level of Evidence:

V, case report
Cause-Specific Mortality and Natural Disasters — The Urgent Need for Change
Authors: Finnigan Gerard A
Published: May 2021

The global threat from natural hazard disasters is accelerating, driven by the earth’s deteriorating natural ecosystems, damaged physical environment, rapid urbanisation and population growth. Internationally agreed targets within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) aim to halt the escalating risk and reduce disaster-related deaths and global impact.

Achieving SFDRR targets requires a robust estimation of global disaster-mortality and targeted health interventions so that people at risk are protected and their deaths are prevented. This study examined whether the information published in medical and scientific literature on cause-specific mortality was reflected in global data collection and reporting.
Degradation of Oxytetracycline by Electrochemical, Fenton and Electro-fenton Processes Using SS316 and SS316/β-PbO2 Anodes: Process Optimization Using Rsm-ccd, Bioassay Test and Degradation Pathway
Authors: Hasani Kamal , Hosseini Sama , Gholizadeh Heliya , Dargahi Abdollah , Vosoughi Mehdi
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (electrochemical, Fenton and electro-Fenton) in the removal of oxytetracycline using SS316 and SS316/β-PbO2 anodes. This study was performed experimentally on a laboratory scale in a 250 mL reactor. First, experiments were designed for the electrochemical process using a central composite design, and the optimal conditions for the variables pH(3.53), electric current density(3.85mA/cm2), initial concentration of oxytetracycline (20mg/L) and electrolysis time (42.35min) was obtained; then, under these conditions, the efficiency of Fenton process with FeSO4 variable without the presence of electrodes was evaluated, and its optimal value was 0.3 g/L, and then in the presence of optimal values ​​of the above 5 variables, the efficiency of electro-Fenton process with H2O2 changes were investigated and the optimal value of 0.12 was obtained for H2O2. The removal efficiencies of oxytetracycline in electrochemical, Fenton, and electro-Fenton processes were 84.7%, 73.4%, and 98.2%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the SS316/β-PbO2 anode electrode enhanced the oxytetracycline efficiency by electron-Fenton process to 100%. The results of bioassay with microorganisms showed that the reduction of toxicity of the effluent treated by electro-Fenton process for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was 84.5% and 69%, respectively.
Long-Term Tolerability and Efficacy of Carboplatin/Pemetrexed as Maintenance Therapy for a Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ju Lixia , Yang Juan
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIt is widely known that platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (PBC) only can be applied to first-line patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with good performance for 4-6 cycles. However, in this case report the patient has been treated with PBC for 30 cycles and more than three years. Case presentationA 63-year-old Chinese man was diagnosed with stage IVa lung adenocarcinoma, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0. This patient did not respond to pemetrexed alone, but respond to pemetrexed and carboplatin, and once the chemotherapy was interrupted for more than two months, the disease would progressed. Moreover, there was little adverse reactions (AE), so we have treated him with PBC for 30 cycles and the progression-free survival (PFS) will be more than three years.ConclusionsThis is the first time to report PBC as maintenance therapy in patients with NSCLC. We hope that oncologists will notice that some diseases are very aggressive, and maintenance therapy are very important to some patients and may help to get longer overall survival time.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Elicits A Greater Humoral Immune Response In The Second Wave Than The First Wave In Morocco
Authors: Ezzikouri Sayeh , Majidi Hind , Redwane Soad , Meziane Nadia , Zahir Abdellatif , Abbadi Islam , Zerrad Chaimaa , Haddaji Asmaa , Abounouh Karima , Hilmi Soufiane , Aqillouch Safaa , Elmessaoudi-Idrissi Mohcine , Laazaazia Oumaima , Ainahi Abdelhakim , Rmili Nabila , Maaroufi Abderrahmane , Benjelloun Soumaya
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One year has passed since the first COVID-19 case, and concerns have emerged regarding new variants, meaning that characterizing antibody-mediated immune response dynamics is of paramount importance. Here, we evaluated the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in subjects during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Morocco. Methods: We assessed humoral immune response in samples from 94 seropositive individuals in the first wave (February to August 2020) and 596 seropositive individuals in the second wave (December 2020 to January 2021). Plasma samples were collected from volunteer blood donors and their levels of serum IgG to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NP) were determined using architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay.Results: Our results revealed an increase of humoral immunity during the second wave than first wave (3.897 ± 0.079 vs. 2.842 ± 0.153, respectively, p<0.0001). Notably, we found an age-related gradient in antibody level, with higher antibody index in subjects at 45 years old and above (p= 0.01451). However, no significant difference was found according to gender (p= 0.8629). Conclusions: Our data highlighted an important issue regarding antibody-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave and this issue might have arisen due to the dynamics of different strains circulating during the progress of the pandemic.