bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Ethylene with Defined Metal Complexes: Strategies and Recent Advances
Authors: Jensen Katrina H. , Michel Brian W.
Published: August 2022

Despite its relative simplicity, ethylene is an interesting molecule with wide‐ranging impact in modern chemistry and biology. Stemming from ethylene's role as a critical plant hormone, there has been significant effort to develop selective and sensitive molecular sensors for ethylene. Late transition metal complexes have played an important role in detection strategies due to ethylene's lack of structural complexity and limited reactivity. Two main approaches to ethylene detection are identified: (1) coordination‐based sensors, wherein ethylene binds reversibly to a metal center, and (2) activity‐based sensors, wherein ethylene undergoes a reaction at a metal center, resulting in the formation and destruction of covalent bonds. Herein, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, and the challenges remaining for sensor development.
The effectiveness of an attention‐based intervention for school‐aged autistic children with anger regulating problems: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Clifford Pamela , Gevers Carolien , Jonkman Kim M. , Boer Frits , Begeer Sander
Published: August 2022

Anger regulation is a challenge for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated if attention‐based cognitive behavioral treatment, based on mindfulness cognitive therapy (MBCT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), reduces aggressive behavior and improves anger coping in school‐aged autistic children (n = 51). Children were randomized to an active‐control or a treatment condition. The treatment included nine weekly sessions attention‐based individual therapy. Parents in both conditions received three weekly psychoeducation group sessions to heighten awareness of expressed emotion (EE). For aggressive behavior, treatment reduced temper tantrums and arguing. No effect was found on destroying things and physical violence. For anger coping, treatment increased adaptive coping strategies of diffusion and social support seeking, but had no effect on assertion, rumination, and maladaptive coping direct anger out and avoidance. Treatment did not impact secondary outcome measures concerning children's quality of life (QoL) and parental stress‐levels and psychological well‐being. In conclusion, school‐aged autistic children are able to acquire self‐regulation skills reducing temper tantrums and arguing and increasing the use of adaptive anger coping strategies. The intervention shows potential to improve behavior and regulation, but little transfer to other domains. Limitations and future directions involving the child's social environment, including parents, siblings, and teachers are discussed.

Lay Summary

Children on the autism spectrum often show aggressive behavior. Treatment can train children to be more aware of their emotions. This study found that this can help reducing temper tantrums and arguing and increasing some coping skills, though no impact was found on several other domains of aggression and coping.
How to increase sustainable production in the food sector? Mapping industrial and business strategies and providing future research agenda
Authors: Sadraei Razieh , Biancone Paolo , Lanzalonga Federico , Jafari‐Sadeghi Vahid , Chmet Federico
Published: August 2022

Food waste is a tremendous systemic challenge, mainly at all stages of consumption and the supply chain process. In recent years, the global food supply challenge has called for new methods to decrease food waste or recover them to more valuable materials. Indeed, understanding the techniques for reducing and recovering food waste provides insights into exploring the impact of waste food recovery on the environment. This paper aims to review the literature on food waste in production processes. Hence, we employ a bibliometric and thematic analysis to explore a total number of 163 scientific articles published between 2000 and 2021. The present research uses the theoretical model of circular economy to analyse the literature on the topic both thematically and with cluster analysis. The results provide significant implications for academics and practitioners, drawing attention to a closer relationship between people and food waste, increasing the culture of the value of waste in all processes from agricultural production to distribution and consumption. Finally, it reiterates the need to emphasise the pollution caused by food production.
Modulating neuroinflammation through molecular, cellular and biomaterial‐based approaches to treat spinal cord injury
Authors: Lee Cheryl Yi‐Pin , Chooi Wai Hon , Ng Shi‐Yan , Chew Sing Yian
Published: August 2022

The neuroinflammatory response that is elicited after spinal cord injury contributes to both tissue damage and reparative processes. The complex and dynamic cellular and molecular changes within the spinal cord microenvironment result in a functional imbalance of immune cells and their modulatory factors. To facilitate wound healing and repair, it is necessary to manipulate the immunological pathways during neuroinflammation to achieve successful therapeutic interventions. In this review, recent advancements and fresh perspectives on the consequences of neuroinflammation after SCI and modulation of the inflammatory responses through the use of molecular‐, cellular‐, and biomaterial‐based therapies to promote tissue regeneration and functional recovery will be discussed.
Numerical Investigation of Steel‐LVL Timber Composite Beams
Authors: Romero Alfredo , Yang Jie , Hanus François , Odenbreit Christoph
Published: August 2022

In the last years, new connectors of steel‐concrete composite flooring systems have been developed and investigated to enhance the circularity and standardisation of building components. Recent studies showed that timber can be used as an alternative to the concrete slab in hybrid structures. However, the knowledge in steel‐timber composite flooring systems is still very limited. This contribution presents numerical investigations of steel‐LVL timber composite beams. The load deformation behaviour was determined through 3D finite element models. The design resistance of the composite beams was estimated analytically through a strain‐controlled approach. The results of this study show that the resistances obtained in the numerical models and the strain‐controlled approach are in good agreement. Moreover, obtained deflections and slip values were given at ultimate load.
Demountable Steel‐Concrete Composite Floors for Circular Economy: State of the Art and Design Principles
Authors: Pimentel Ricardo , Simões Rui , da Silva Luís Simões
Published: August 2022

The construction sector activities contribute to irreversible effects on the environmental systems. New forms of construction are needed to increase the circular economy and sustainability within the built environment. Steel‐concrete composite floors are not demountable, because the typical shear connection with welded studs is permanent. To avoid demolition and promote the reuse of the structural components, demountable shear connection systems need to be adopted. This article presents a literature review of different forms of demountable shear connection solutions and an overview of suitable design rules for such solutions.
PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of wilderness therapy and adventure learning in reducing anti‐social and offending behaviour in children and young people at risk of offending
Authors: Mohan Ashima , Malhotra Suchi , Narayanan Monisha , White Howard , Gaffney Hannah
Published: August 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The review will address the following research questions: (1) What are the long‐ and short‐term effects of wilderness therapy and adventure learning on anti‐social behaviour and violent and other offending behaviour? What factors explain any heterogeneity (i.e., moderate) these effects. What are the long‐ and short‐term effects of wilderness therapy and adventure learning on intermediate mental health and behaviour outcomes such as social skills and self‐regulation? What factors explain any heterogeneity (i.e., moderate) these effects? Factors such as setting (indoor/outdoor), quality of relationship with counsellors and the degree of the challenge element involved are important moderators of these effects, and help explain any observed heterogeneity across studies (2) What are the barriers and facilitators affecting the successful implementation of wilderness therapy and adventure learning programmes? (3) Are wilderness therapy and adventure learning interventions cost effective?
Content‐based image retrieval using color and a novel texture descriptor: orientational‐based local binary pattern
Authors: Baarab Nissrine , Chaouki Brahim E. L. Khalil , Masmoudi Lhoussaine
Published: August 2022

The increasing use of images and multimedia has led, in the past years, to a major growth of data and images to store. With this, comes the importance of having a way to facilitate the indexing and the retrieval of the images. In this article, we present a new method for content‐based image retrieval. The proposed approach is composed of two phases: first, a preselection of relevant images from the initial database based on HSV color space and using color moment information. The second phase relies on using the selected images from the first phase as a new database and extracting the texture feature using a novel descriptor called orientational‐based local binary pattern (OB‐LBP) derived from the traditional LBP texture feature technique. In the proposed descriptor (OB‐LBP) we compare each neighbor of the center pixel (of 3 × 3 window) with its three closest neighbors and form a binary code of three components for each pixel, then based on their directions we generate three images and produce the histogram to extract the final feature descriptor. Corel‐10 k and Wang's databases were used to evaluate the proposed method. The results show a significant improvement in the proposed method over existing methods.
Binding Energy Partition of Promising IRAK‐4 Inhibitor (Zimlovisertib) for the Treatment of COVID‐19 Pneumonia
Authors: Zapata‐Acevedo César A. , Guevara‐Vela José Manuel , Popelier Paul L. A. , Rocha‐Rinza Tomás
Published: August 2022

The technique of Fragment‐Based Drug Design (FBDD) considers the interactions of different moieties of molecules with biological targets for the rational construction of potential drugs. One basic assumption of FBDD is that the different functional groups of a ligand interact with a biological target in an approximately additive, that is, independent manner. We investigated the interactions of different fragments of ligands and Interleukin‐1 Receptor‐Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK‐4) throughout the FBDD design of Zimlovisertib, a promising anti‐inflammatory, currently in trials to be used for the treatment of COVID‐19 pneumonia. We utilised state‐of‐the‐art methods of wave function analyses mainly the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) energy partition for this purpose. By means of IQA, we assessed the suitability of every change to the ligand in the five stages of FBDD which led to Zimlovisertib on a quantitative basis. We determined the energetics of the interaction of different functional groups in the ligands with the IRAK‐4 protein target and thereby demonstrated the adequacy (or lack thereof) of the changes made across the design of this drug. This analysis permits to verify whether a given alteration of a prospective drug leads to the intended tuning of non‐covalent interactions with its protein objective. Overall, we expect that the methods exploited in this paper will prove valuable in the understanding and control of chemical modifications across FBDD processes.
Beta‐lactam resistance and the effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides against KPC‐producing bacteria
Authors: da Costa de Souza Guilherme , Roque‐Borda Cesar Augusto , Pavan Fernando R.
Published: August 2022

Bacterial resistance is a problem that is giving serious cause for concern because bacterial strains such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are difficult to treat and highly opportunistic. These bacteria easily acquire resistance genes even from other species, which confers greater persistence and tolerance towards conventional antibiotics. These bacteria have the highest death rate in hospitalized intensive care patients, so strong measures must be taken. In this review, we focus on the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to traditional drugs, due to their rapid action and lower risk of generating resistance by microorganisms. We also present an overview of beta‐lactams and explicitly explain the activity of AMPs against carbapenemase‐producing bacteria as potential alternative agents for infection control.
Asymmetric Synthesis of a Pyrrolizidinone‐Based hNK1 Antagonist through Reductive Ring Contraction of a Six‐Membered Cyclic Nitronate
Authors: Okladnikov Ilya V. , Boyko Yaroslav D. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Ioffe Sema L. , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu.
Published: August 2022

A concise seven‐step asymmetric synthesis of MSD's potent hNK1 antagonist containing a pyrrolizidinone core bearing two fluorine‐substituted aryl groups was developed. The pyrrolizidinone unit was constructed by reductive recyclization of a properly functionalized cyclic nitronate, which was assembled by stereoselective [4+2]‐cycloaddition of a nitroalkene with a vinyl ether bearing a Whitesell's chiral auxiliary group. The configuration of the hNK1 antagonist, which was previously suggested based on bioactivity data, was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. The crystal structure features multiple weak interactions involving fluorine atoms that are also found in a complex with the hNK1 receptor simulated by molecular docking.
Impact of Polymeric Hole‐Selective Layers on Chemical Inductance in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dhifaoui Hassen , Hemasiri Naveen Harindu , Mehdi Hanadi , Bouazizi Abdelaziz , Kazim Samrana , Ahmad Shahzada
Published: August 2022

An essential role is played by the charge selective layers, in particular, the hole transport layer (HTL) in determining the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). HTL contribution is even more substantial in the inverted PSCs (p‐i‐n) as it also affects the crystallization process of the overlayer perovskite deposition. The influence of HTL on inverted PSCs was probed, the role through admittance spectroscopy quantified, and the photovoltaic performance correlation with the microstructure of the perovskite established. By measuring the low‐frequency impedance responses of inverted PSCs, the photo‐induced charge transfer dynamics in the PSCs were deciphered, revealing negative chemical inductor features at low frequencies in the Nyquist plots. The noted additional recombination pathways are attributed to the ionic vacancies in the interfacial states. The PSCs fabricated with poly(triaryl amine) showed a higher open‐circuit voltage, lower recombination, and higher charge carrier lifetime. The chemical inductance behavior was supported through variable temperature frequency‐dependent capacitance measurements.
Productivity and global warming potential of direct seeding and transplanting in double‐season rice of central China
Authors: Xu Le , Yuan Shen , Wang Xinyu , Yang Guodong , Xiangcheng Pan , Yu Xing , Wang Fei , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing
Published: August 2022

Labor and water scarcity requires crop establishment of double‐season rice to be shifted from traditional transplanting to direct seeding. Owing to the limited thermal time, only ultrashort‐duration cultivars of about 95 d can be used for direct‐seeded, double‐season rice (DDR) in central China. However, whether the shift in crop establishment of double‐season rice can reduce greenhouse gas emissions without yield penalty remains unclear. Field experiments were conducted in Hubei province, central China with three treatments of crop establishment in the early and late seasons of 2017 and 2018. Treatments included DDR with ultrashort‐duration cultivars (DDRU), transplanted double‐season rice with ultrashort‐duration cultivars (TDRU), or with widely grown cultivars which have short duration of about 110 d (TDRS). It was found that crop growth duration of DDRU was 6–20 days shorter than that of TDRU and TDRS, respectively. Ultrashort‐duration cultivars under DDRU achieved 15.1 t ha−1 of annual yield that was 9.4% higher than TDRU, and only 3.2% lower than TDRS. DDRU reduced the annual cumulative CH4 emission by 32.0–46.1%, but had no difference in N2O emission in comparison with TDRU and TDRS. The highest CO2 emission was TDRS followed by DDRU, and then TDRU. As a result, shifting from TDRU and TDRS to DDRU decreased global warming potential and yield‐scaled greenhouse gas intensity by 28.9–53.2% and 20.7–63.8%, respectively. These findings suggest that DDR can be a promising alternative to labor‐ and water‐intensive TDR in central China that offers important advantages in mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas emissions without sacrificing grain yield.
In situ hybridization to detect DNA amplification in extracellular vesicles
Authors: Casadei Lucia , Sarchet Patricia , de Faria Fernanda Costas C. , Calore Federica , Nigita Giovanni , Tahara Sayumi , Cascione Luciano , Wabitsch Martin , Hornicek Francis J. , Grignol Valerie , Croce Carlo M. , Pollock Raphael E.
Published: August 2022

EVs have emerged as an important component in tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Although notable progresses have been made, the detection of EV cargoes remain significantly challenging for researchers to practically use; faster and more convenient methods are required to validate the EV cargoes, especially as biomarkers. Here we show, the possibility of examining embedded EVs as substrates to be used for detecting DNA amplification through ultrasensitive in situ hybridization (ISH). This methodology allows the visualization of DNA targets in a more direct manner, without time consuming optimization steps or particular expertise. Additionally, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) blocks of EVs allows long‐term preservation of samples, permitting future studies. We report here: (i) the successful isolation of EVs from liposarcoma tissues; (ii) the EV embedding in FFPE blocks (iii) the successful selective, specific ultrasensitive ISH examination of EVs derived from tissues, cell line, and sera; (iv) and the detection of MDM2 DNA amplification in EVs from liposarcoma tissues, cell lines and sera. Ultrasensitive ISH on EVs would enable cargo study while the application of ISH to serum EVs, could represent a possible novel methodology for diagnostic confirmation. Modification of probes may enable researchers to detect targets and specific DNA alterations directly in tumour EVs, thereby facilitating detection, diagnosis, and improved understanding of tumour biology relevant to many cancer types.
Discrimination of chrysanthemum varieties using lipidomics based on UHPLC–HR‐AM/MS/MS
Authors: Zhou Li , Ma Yue , Yao Jiaxu , Zhang Minghao , Fu Haiyan , Yang Jian , Liu Jikai , Zhao Minjie , Marchioni Eric
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Chrysanthemum is one of the most important and popular ornamentals over the world. Chrysanthemum drink is a type of traditional healthy drink like Chinese tea. Owing to the differences in the chemical compositions, different chrysanthemum varieties have different medicinal effects on human health. Thus, the identification of different chrysanthemum varieties is very important and necessary. This study aims to distinguish seven chrysanthemum varieties that are widely used in China. First, total lipids were obtained from chrysanthemums. After that, lipid profiles were characterized using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with a Q Exactive™ high resolution–accurate‐mass mass spectrometer.

RESULTS

A total of 163 lipid molecular species from 17 types of lipid classes in seven varieties of chrysanthemums were determined. Principal component analysis indicated that three lipid molecules, lysophosphatidylethanolamine(18:2) (LPE(18:2)), LPE(16:0), and phosphatidic acid(18:2/18:3) (variable importance in projection >3, P < 0.001), can be used as potential biomarkers to distinguish seven chrysanthemum varieties. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the lipid molecular profiles of ‘Gongju’ were most similar to ‘Jinzijianju’, followed by ‘Huaibaiju’, ‘Boju’, ‘Hangbaiju’, ‘Chuju’, and ‘Fubaiju’.

CONCLUSION

This comprehensive analysis provided a new method to identify chrysanthemum varieties through the perspective of lipidomics combined with chemometrics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Scientists' warning to humanity on tree extinctions
Authors: Rivers Malin , Newton Adrian C. , Oldfield Sara ,   Global Tree Assessment Contributors
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Trees play vital roles in many of the world's ecosystems while providing many benefits to people. New evidence indicates that a third of tree species are threatened with extinction, representing a tree extinction crisis. Here we demonstrate how tree species extinction will lead to the loss of many other plants and animals and significantly alter the world's ecosystems. We also show how tree extinction will negatively affect billions of people through loss of livelihoods and benefits. We highlight a series of urgent actions needed to avert an ecological, cultural and socio‐economic catastrophe caused by widespread extinction of tree species.

Trees are of exceptional ecological importance, playing a major functional role in the world's ecosystems, while also supporting many other plants, animals and fungi. Many tree species are also of direct value to people, providing a wide range of socio‐economic benefits. Loss of tree diversity could lead to abrupt declines in biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services and ultimately ecosystem collapse. Here we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the number of tree species that are threatened with extinction, and the threats that affect them, based on results of the Global Tree Assessment. This evidence suggests that a third of the world's tree species are currently threatened with extinction, which represents a major ecological crisis. We then examine the potential implications of tree extinctions, in terms of the functioning of the biosphere and impacts on human well‐being. Large‐scale extinction of tree species will lead to major biodiversity losses in other species groups and substantially alter the cycling of carbon, water and nutrients in the world's ecosystems. Tree extinction will also undermine the livelihoods of the billions of people who currently depend on trees and the benefits they provide. This warning to humanity aims to raise awareness of the tree extinction crisis, which is a major environmental issue that requires urgent global attention. We also identify some priority actions that need to be taken to reduce the extinction risk of tree species and to avert the ecological and socio‐economic catastrophe that will result from large‐scale extinction of tree species.
Design of a Metal‐Organic Framework with Preset Binding Sites for Crystallographic Visualized Metalation
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Bai-Tong , Zhang Shuo , Huang Xin-Song , Xie Lei , Liu Tian-Fu , Cao Rong
Published: August 2022

Post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as a powerful method to introduce diverse functional species. However, it's still a challenge to design a robust enough parent matrix with preset binding sites and simultaneously accurate structure information after PSM. In this study, a stable and highly crystalline 3D Mn‐based MOF (MnBTT) is designed where two uncoordinated N atoms on adjacent linkers show appropriate distance and direction for metalation, presenting a crystallographic visualization platform for PSM. It's striking to find that the metalations occur at different positions as MnBTT are post‐modified with Cu and Pd salts, respectively, and this difference can be explained by Irving‐Williams series. The different metalation results bring drastic influence on their structure stability, gas adsorption capacity, and metal valence. These factors further greatly impacted their CO catalytic performance, among which Cu‐modified MnBTT outperforms the others. Therefore, we demonstrate a crystallographic visualization platform with preset binding sites for metalation, shedding light on exploring new functional MOFs for broad application potential.
Psychological Health
Authors: Garrido-Cumbrera Marco , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Bundy Christine , Mahapatra Raj , Makri Souzi ,   Universidad de Sevilla, Plazuelo-Ramos Pedro , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: August 2022

Psychological distress is frequently experienced by patients with axSpA, with some studies reporting that more than 50% of patients have concomitant depression or anxiety (Zou et al. Med Sci Monit 22:3202–3208, 2016; Kilic G, Kilic E, Ozgocmen S. Relationship between psychiatric status, self-reported outcome measures, and clinical parameters in axial spondyloarthritis. Medicine. 2014;93:e337.; Shen et al. J Rheumatol 43:625–631, 2016; Hakkou et al. Rheumatol Int 33:285–290, 2013; Meesters et al. Arthritis Res Ther 16:418, 2014a). The exact mechanisms that lead to poor psychological status are not completely understood.
Two-Higgs-doublet model and quark-lepton unification
Authors: Pérez Pavel Fileviez , Golias Elliot , Plascencia Alexis D.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We study the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model predicted in the minimal theory for quark-lepton unification that can describe physics at the low scale. We discuss the relations among the different decay widths of the new Higgs bosons and study their phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider. As a result of matter unification, this theory predicts a correlation between the decay widths of the heavy Higgs bosons into tau leptons and bottom quarks. We point out how to probe this theory using these relations and discuss the relevant flavor constraints.
Machine learning in neuroimaging: from research to clinical practice
Authors: Nenning Karl-Heinz , Langs Georg
Published: August 2022

Neuroimaging is critical in clinical care and research, enabling us to investigate the brain in health and disease. There is a complex link between the brain’s morphological structure, physiological architecture, and the corresponding imaging characteristics. The shape, function, and relationships between various brain areas change during development and throughout life, disease, and recovery. Like few other areas, neuroimaging benefits from advanced analysis techniques to fully exploit imaging data for studying the brain and its function. Recently, machine learning has started to contribute (a) to anatomical measurements, detection, segmentation, and quantification of lesions and disease patterns, (b) to the rapid identification of acute conditions such as stroke, or (c) to the tracking of imaging changes over time. As our ability to image and analyze the brain advances, so does our understanding of its intricate relationships and their role in therapeutic decision-making. Here, we review the current state of the art in using machine learning techniques to exploit neuroimaging data for clinical care and research, providing an overview of clinical applications and their contribution to fundamental computational neuroscience.
Chronische Rückenschmerzen bei axialer Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Möller Burkhard
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund

Die axiale Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) ist unter den chronischen Rückenerkrankungen wohl die Entität mit dem größten Spektrum spezifischer antientzündlicher Behandlungsoptionen. Sie wird aber erst nach Rückenmark- oder Cauda-equina-Kompression, Knochenmetastasen, epiduralem Abszess oder Osteomyelitis der Wirbelkörper, Radikulopathie oder engem Spinalkanal nur als eine ferner zu berücksichtigende Ätiologie von Rückenschmerzen in den allgemeinmedizinisch orientierten Praxishilfen erwähnt. Es besteht wegen einer vergleichsweise niedrigen Prävalenz und erst später zu erwartender Folgen die tendenzielle Gefahr, dass die axSpA als eine Entität für Spezialisten vernachlässigt wird.

Ergebnisse

Diese Arbeit rekapituliert die Empfehlungen der internationalen Gesellschaft für das Assessment der ankylosierenden Spondylitis (ASAS). Dieser Review weist auf die praktischen Aspekte der detaillierten Evaluation bisheriger Therapieversuche mit nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR) bei Rückenschmerzen hin. Von besonderem Interesse können dabei unerwünschte Effekte auf eine Symptomatik des unteren Intestinaltraktes sein. Die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede im Ansprechen auf eine TNF(Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor)-Inhibitor-Therapie bei axSpA finden Erwähnung, ebenso wie weitere Aspekte der biologischen Therapieoptionen bei axSpA anhand eines Falles von anhaltender Remission einer HLA-B27 und Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-positiven axSpA nach Anti-IL(Interleukin)-17-Behandlung und dem mehrjährigen guten Ansprechen auf eine IL-12/23-Inhibitor-Therapie bei axialer Psoriasisarthritis besprochen werden. Ferner wird die Literatur im Hinblick auf Uveitis, Karditis und Amyloidose im Kontext der axSpA diskutiert.

Schlussfolgerung

Die rechtzeitige Erkennung im allgemeinmedizinischen Kontext und die spezifische Berücksichtigung zahlreicher prädiktiver Faktoren spielen bei der personalisierten Behandlung der axSpA eine weiter zunehmende Rolle.
A demographic analysis of vole population responses to fragmentation and destruction of habitat
Authors: Johannesen Edda , Aars Jon , Andreassen Harry P. , Ims Rolf A.
Published: August 2022

Fragmentation and destruction of natural habitats is currently considered to be the major threat to wildlife populations. We here perform a comprehensive analysis of the demographic effects of habitat fragmentation and destruction on 14 populations of the root vole. The experiment was divided into two consecutive periods. During the first period, we contrasted populations with the same initial size and structure in continuous and fragmented habitat. During the second period, we fragmented the continuous habitat into the same configuration as the permanently fragmented habitat so that the effect of habitat destruction could be evaluated. We estimated survival and fecundity parameters and combined them into population projection matrices to evaluate their relative impact on population growth. In the first period of the experiment there was no difference in population growth rate between fragmented and continuous populations, although litter size was significantly higher in the continuous populations. In the second period, we found higher population growth rates in populations that had experienced habitat destruction. By applying the transition matrix model to empirical estimates of demographic parameters, we demonstrate that the difference in population growth rate in the second period of the experiment was the result of a nonsignificant difference in adult survival. Movements out of the habitat patches were significantly lower in populations that had experienced habitat destruction. We conclude that predator‐caused mortality of animals moving out of the habitat patches was the main determinant of demographic variation in this system.
Identification of a neurosteroid binding site contained within the GluR2‐S1S2 domain
Authors: Spivak Vlad , Lin Adam , Beebe Partrick , Stoll Laura , Gentile Lisa
Published: August 2022

Glutamate receptors play a major role in neural cell plasticity, growth, and maturation. The degree to which ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) conduct current is dependent on binding of extracellular ligands, of which glutamate is the native agonist. Although the glutamate binding site of the GluR2 class of amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) iGluR has been structurally characterized, the allosteric sites attributed to neurosteroid binding have yet to be localized. Here, using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that the extracellular glutamate binding core of the GluR2 class of AMPA receptors also binds to two neurosteroids, pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and 3α‐hydroxy‐5β‐pregnan‐20‐one sulfate, both of which negatively modulate its activity. Interest in these sulfated neurosteroids stems from their differential modulation of other members of the iGluR family and their potential use as endogeneous agents for stroke therapy. In particular, whereas PS inhibits AMPA and other non‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) family members, it activates the NMDA receptor. In addition to providing evidence for binding of these neurosteroids to the glutamate binding core of the GluR2 class of AMPA receptors, our data suggests that both neurosteroids bind in a similar manner, consistent with their modulation of activity of this class of iGluR. Interestingly, the conformational change induced upon binding of these neurosteroids is distinct from that induced upon glutamate binding.
Ultrabroad band microwave absorption from hierarchical MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx hybrids via annealing treatment
Authors: Hu Feiyue , Zhang Fan , Wang Xiaohan , Li Yaya , Wang Hailong , Zhang Rui , Li Hongxia , Fan Bingbing
Published: August 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide MXene-based materials hold great potentials applied for new electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. However, the application of MXenes in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) is limited by the disadvantages of poor impedance matching, single loss mechanism, and easy oxidation. In this work, MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx hybrids were prepared by the annealing-treated Mo2TiC2Tx MXene and uniform MoO3 and TiO2 oxides in-situ grew on Mo2TiC2Tx layers. At the annealing temperature of 300 °C, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx reaches −30.76 dB (2.3 mm) at 10.18 GHz with a significantly broadening effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.6 GHz (1.8 mm). The in-situ generated oxides creating numerous defects and heterogeneous interfaces enhance dipolar and interfacial polarizations and optimize the impedance matching of Mo2TiC2Tx. Considering the excellent overall performance, the MoO3/TiO2/Mo2TiC2Tx hybrids can be a promising candidate for EMA.
Enabling factors for sustainable menstrual hygiene management practices: a rapid review
Authors: Pednekar Sulochana , Some Shreya , Rivankar Kajal , Thakore Renuka
Published: August 2022

This paper highlights the crucial enabling factors in menstrual hygiene management. The use of products depends on various factors such as access to water, privacy, social, cultural and econmic. Gender equality and women’s empowerment are integral parts of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Half of the world’s population are women, and women have specific needs to manage the menstrual cycle during their lifetime. To manage the bleeding during the menstrual cycle, girls and women use different products, depending on their accessibility and affordability. They are (a) disposable—one-time use products such as disposable pads, tampons, and (b) reusable products—reusable products such as cloth, washable and reusable cloth pads, menstrual cups, and period panties. The literature search revealed that there are limited studies related to the use of menstrual products and the impacts of these products on women’s health and the environment. A rapid review of the literature identified factors responsible for choosing a particular type of menstrual product, the perceptions of women using the products, and their implications on health and the environment. The study concluded with the need to study the type of menstrual products preferred by women using appropriate variables, address the issues of disposal systems, provide adolescent girls with adequate infrastructure, provide access to affordable sanitary products and gender equity to manage their periods with dignity, and increasing awareness regarding sustainable/ reusable menstrual products, suggesting further investigation in menstrual hygiene management.
Towards Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence: Assessing Its Impact on Fundamental Labour Standards in Global Value Chains
Authors: Lafarre Anne , Rombouts Bas
Published: August 2022

Human rights due diligence (HRDD) is the main (voluntary) process through which companies can assess and address negative human rights impacts. In recent years, however, mandatory HRDD requirements are increasingly seen as a more effective way to persuade more companies to better address human rights risks in their global value chains (GVCs). This study investigates whether such mandatory legislative initiatives can positively impact workers’ rights in GVCs as an essential part of those human rights that should be addressed in HRDD. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the legal framework of workers’ rights in GVCs. It then uses the French vigilance law as a case study to empirically investigate the effects of a mandatory HRDD duty for companies using a simple difference-in-differences analysis with data from the Refinitiv database from 2014 to 2020. The study shows that there are indications that the French vigilance law positively impacts corporate human rights conduct. This finding particularly holds for the practices of companies that can be considered “laggards”, which can imply that legislators need to increase the mandatory requirements to further improve responsible corporate conduct.
Characterizing the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and assessing the impact of a nursing-focused CLABSI reduction intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ben-Aderet Michael A. , Madhusudhan Meghan S. , Haroun Pishoy , Almario Matthew J.P. , Raypon Ryan , Fawcett Sharon , Johnson Julie , Girard Anita , Griner Todd , Sheffield Lorraine , Grein Jonathan D.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on CLABSI rate and characterize the patients who developed a CLABSI. We also examined the impact of a CLABSI-reduction quality-improvement project in patients with and without COVID-19.

Design:

Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting:

Academic 889-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital in urban Los Angeles.

Patients or participants:

Inpatients 18 years and older with CLABSI as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).

Intervention(s):

CLABSI rate and patient characteristics were analyzed for 2 cohorts during the pandemic era (March 2020–August 2021): COVID-19 CLABSI patients and non–COVID-19 CLABSI patients, based on diagnosis of COVID-19 during admission. Secondary analyses were non–COVID-19 CLABSI rate versus a historical control period (2019), ICU CLABSI rate in COVID-19 versus non–COVID-19 patients, and CLABSI rates before and after a quality- improvement initiative.

Results:

The rate of COVID-19 CLABSI was significantly higher than non–COVID-19 CLABSI. We did not detect a difference between the non–COVID-19 CLABSI rate and the historical control. COVID-19 CLABSIs occurred predominantly in the ICU, and the ICU COVID-19 CLABSI rate was significantly higher than the ICU non–COVID-19 CLABSI rate. A hospital-wide quality-improvement initiative reduced the rate of non–COVID-19 CLABSI but not COVID-19 CLABSI.

Conclusions:

Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have a significantly higher CLABSI rate, particularly in the ICU setting. Reasons for this increase are likely multifactorial, including both patient-specific and process-related issues. Focused quality-improvement efforts were effective in reducing CLABSI rates in non–COVID-19 patients but were less effective in COVID-19 patients.
A DERIVED LAGRANGIAN FIBRATION ON THE DERIVED CRITICAL LOCUS
Authors: Grataloup Albin
Published: August 2022

We study the symplectic geometry of derived intersections of Lagrangian morphisms. In particular, we show that for a functional
$f : X \rightarrow \mathbb {A}_{k}^{1}$
, the derived critical locus has a natural Lagrangian fibration
$\textbf {Crit}(f) \rightarrow X$
. In the case where f is nondegenerate and the strict critical locus is smooth, we show that the Lagrangian fibration on the derived critical locus is determined by the Hessian quadratic form.
Irrigation in Indo-Gangetic Plain Has Little Impact on Heat Stress
Authors: Pardikar Rishika
Published: August 2022

Irrigation-related cooling during summer months is overestimated by roughly 5 times, highlighting the need for climate models to accurately reflect local agricultural practices.
Bangladeshis Feel Increased Consequences of Sedimentation
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: August 2022

In northern Bangladesh, residents are losing their livelihoods, homes, and personal safety when water carries sand and gravel into their communities.
Practical Assessment of Real‐Time Suspended Sediment Load Monitoring Using Time Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Chung Chih‐Chung , Wang Yen‐Kai
Published: August 2022

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and sediment load are essential factors in water resource management, hydraulic engineering, soil and water conservation, sedimentation, and environmental ecology. A novel real‐time SSC monitoring approach involving time domain reflectometry (TDR) was proposed. The previous results obtained indicated that the soil particle size does not affect the TDR SSC method and that this method is applicable at high suspended sediment concentrations (≥600,000 ppm). To further improve the measurement stability and accuracy of this method for long‐term monitoring of rivers and reservoirs, several practical problems were solved in this study, including noise interference, probe fouling, and the effect of ambient temperature on the TDR device used. With the proposed improvements in the analysis of the modified frequency domain phase velocity, the new method was examined in a laboratory setting, and a measurement standard deviation of 1,000 ppm was found. In addition, a novel carbon fiber rod with a novel detachable probe was proposed to decrease the nonlinear SSC variations resulting from the coating effect as part of the electromagnetic sensing field. As observed during the experiment, the use of a fully digital TDR device decreased the ambient temperature effect. Several TDR SSC measurements were performed at the Shihgang Reservoir, revealing long‐term SSC and sediment load typhoon events from 2013 to 2021. Subsequently, real‐time TDR SSC monitoring with sediment load quantification was performed to establish the relationship between sediment load and outflow discharge, and the results obtained indicated that this method helped characterize suspended sediment load.
A STAT5-Smad3 dyad regulates adipogenic plasticity of visceral adipose mesenchymal stromal cells during chronic inflammation
Authors: Das Rahul , Giri Jayeeta , K. Paul Pradyut , Froelich Nicole , Chinnadurai Raghavan , McCoy Sara , Bushman Wade , Galipeau Jacques
Published: August 2022

Adipogenic differentiation of visceral adipose tissue-resident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (VA-MSC) into adipocytes is metabolically protective. Under chronic inflammatory stress, this neoadipogenesis process is suppressed by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) regulating VA-MSC plasticity remains largely unexplored. Using an adipogenic differentiation screen, we identified IFNγ and TGFβ as key inhibitors of primary human VA-MSC differentiation. Further studies using human and mouse VA-MSCs and a chronic high-fat diet-fed murine model revealed that IFNγ/JAK2-activated STAT5 transcription factor is a central regulator of VA-MSC differentiation under chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, our results indicate that under such conditions, IFNγ-activated STAT5 and TGFβ-activated Smad3 physically interact via Smad4. This STAT5–Smad4-Smad3 complex plays a crucial role in preventing the early adipogenic commitment of VA-MSCs by suppressing key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including CEBPδ, CEBPα, and PPARγ. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of IFNγ-TGFβ synergy by inhibiting either STAT5 or Smad3 rescued adipogenesis under chronic inflammatory stress. Overall, our study delineates a central mechanism of MSC plasticity regulation by the convergence of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways.
Resonance behavior of embedded and freestanding microscale ferromagnets
Authors: Cansever Hamza , Anwar Md. Shadab , Stienen Sven , Lenz Kilian , Narkowicz Ryszard , Hlawacek Gregor , Potzger Kay , Hellwig Olav , Fassbender Jürgen , Lindner Jürgen , Bali Rantej
Published: August 2022

The ferromagnetic resonance of a disordered A2 Fe60Al40 ferromagnetic stripe, of dimensions 5 µm × 1 µm × 32 nm, has been observed in two vastly differing surroundings: in the first case, the ferromagnetic region was surrounded by ordered B2 Fe60Al40, and in the second case it was free standing, adhering only to the oxide substrate. The embedded ferromagnet possesses a periodic magnetic domain structure, which transforms to a single domain structure in the freestanding case. The two cases differ in their dynamic response, for instance, the resonance field for the uniform (k = 0) mode at ~ 14 GHz excitation displays a shift from 209 to 194 mT, respectively for the embedded and freestanding cases, with the external magnetic field applied along the long axis. The resonant behavior of a microscopic ferromagnet can thus be finely tailored via control of its near-interfacial surrounding.
Biosensing firefly luciferin synthesis in bacteria reveals a cysteine-dependent quinone detoxification route in Coleoptera
Authors: de Souza Daniel Rangel , Silva Jaqueline Rodrigues , Moreira Ariele , Viviani Vadim R.
Published: August 2022

Luciferin biosynthetic origin and alternative biological functions during the evolution of beetles remain unknown. We have set up a bioluminescent sensing method for luciferin synthesis from cysteine and benzoquinone using E. coli and Pichia pastoris expressing the bright Amydetes vivianii firefly and P. termitilluminans click beetle luciferases. In the presence of d-cysteine and benzoquinone, intense bioluminescence is quickly produced, indicating the expected formation of d-luciferin. Starting with l-cysteine and benzoquinone, the bioluminescence is weaker and delayed, indicating that bacteria produce l-luciferin, and then racemize it to d-luciferin in the presence of endogenous esterases, CoA and luciferase. In bacteria the p-benzoquinone toxicity (IC50 ~ 25 µM) is considerably reduced in the presence of cysteine, maintaining cell viability at 3.6 mM p-benzoquinone concomitantly with the formation of luciferin. Transcriptional analysis showed the presence of gene products involved with the sclerotization/tanning in the photogenic tissues, suggesting a possible link between these pathways and bioluminescence. The lack of two enzymes involved with the last steps of these pathways, indicate the possible accumulation of toxic quinone intermediates in the lanterns. These results and the abundance of cysteine producing enzymes suggest that luciferin first appeared as a detoxification byproduct of cysteine reaction with accumulated toxic quinone intermediates during the evolution of sclerotization/tanning in Coleoptera.