bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bolo de cenoura com e sem glúten: desenvolvimento da formulação e aceitação do produto.
Authors: Maurício Angélica Aparecida , Bucharles Paula Barbosa , Bolini Helena Maria André , Sousa Valeria Maria Caselato de
Published: October 2015

As mudanças no processamento e a crescente exigência do consumidor por alimentos que apresentem, além da alta qualidade sensorial e nutricional, benefícios associados à saúde, fazem surgir à necessidade de novos ingredientes que possam atender a estas exigências do mercado. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho comparar a aceitação de diferentes formulações de bolo de cenoura sem glúten com óleo de milho e, com glúten e óleo de milho e palma por consumidores; determinar a composição nutricional dos mesmos bem como a intenção de compra. As formulações de bolo de cenoura isentos de glúten (BIG) foram compostas por dois mix isentos de glúten (MIX-1 e MIX+1), o bolo de cenoura com glúten e óleo de milho (BGOM) considerado como padrão e bolo de cenoura com glúten e óleo de palma (BGOP) que foi preparado com duas diferentes proporções de óleo de palma (80 e 100 g). Avaliou-se o valor nutricional, preferência e intenção de compra. Os bolos das formulações BIG MIX-1 e BGOP 80 g apresentaram valor nutricional, preferência e intenção de compra comparáveis ao da formulação padrão. Portanto, o MIX-1 e o óleo de palma podem ser utilizados como ingredientes para formular bolo de cenoura, fornecendo produtos com características que atendem às exigências do mercado consumidor.
Fruit and seed biometry of cambuí (Myciaria tenella O. Berg)
Authors: Da Silva Ana Veruska Cruz , Rabbani Allívia Rouse Carregosa , Costa Tatiana Santos , Clivati Débora
Published: October 2015

The cambuí tree (Myciaria tenella O. Berg) is native to Brazil and the fruits are harvested by extraction for fresh consumption in state of Sergipe (Brazil). Because of the regional importance of the species, this work aims to characterize the cambuí fruits and seeds. The fruits were harvested mature from the Reserva do Caju Experimental Field, on Itaporanga d'Ajuda (Sergipe, Brazil), belonging to Embrapa Coastal Tablelands. We analyzed biometrically 200 fruits and seeds. In addition, we evaluated the fruit, pulp, and seed color based on RHS Color Chart. We found two different fruits skin colors: 1. yellow [orange - red (group 32A)] with yellow pulp [yellow - orange (group 17A)]; and 2. purple [violet - blue (group 93A)] with red pulp [red - purple (group 60A)]. The seeds have only one color, green [yellow-green (group 152A)] with dark stripes [Brown (group 200C)]. The fruits mean diameter was 9.23 mm/fruit, and mean width 8.50 mm/fruit. The seeds mean diameter was 5.34 mm/seed, mean width 6.52 mm/seed and thickness 5.08 mm/seed. The cambuí seeds are highly variable as previsously expected, because it is a native species without any type of management.
Análise e identificação dos impactos ambientais da implantação e operação de cemitério vertical.
Authors: Albertin Ricardo Massulo , Mondini Jonney Marques , Porto Vanderlei De Oliveira Pereira , Angeoletto Fabio , Silva Frederico Fonseca da , De Angelis Bruno Luiz Domingos
Published: October 2015

O cemitério vertical é um edifício de um ou mais pavimentos dotados de compartimentos destinados a sepultamentos, denominados de lóculos. Esta tipologia de cemitérios é uma tendência nos Estados Unidos, Europa e Japão e, atualmente, tem-se expandido no Brasil. Entretanto, os trabalhos científicos publicados sobre este tema ainda são poucos, principalmente no que se refere aos impactos ambientais. Diante disso, o presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar e classificar os impactos ambientais decorrentes das fases de implantação e operação de cemitérios verticais, utilizando para isso uma situação hipotética. A metodologia fundamentou-se na matriz de impactos ambientais, contemplando variáveis dos meios físico, biológico e socioeconômico. Os resultados demonstraram que os impactos ambientais decorrentes da fase de implantação são, basicamente, os mesmos da implantação de um edifício residencial. Por sua vez, os impactos ambientais decorrentes da fase de operação são variáveis e, o de maior magnitude é aquele relacionado à alteração da qualidade do ar pela emissão de gases provenientes da decomposição dos corpos. Ademais, esta situação hipotética identificou dezessete impactos ambientais de incidência direta, dos quais oito ocorrerão na fase de implantação e nove na fase de operação; três serão de natureza positiva e quatorze negativa; doze têm probabilidade de acontecimento real e cinco potencial; dez serão reversíveis e sete irreversíveis.
Trocas gasosas e índices de crescimento em capim-braquiária manejado sob lâminas de irrigação e idades de crescimento.
Authors: Lopes Marcos Neves , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco , Silva Rodrigo Gregório da , Filho José Gilson Louzada Regadas , Beserra Liandro Torres , Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa de
Published: October 2015

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar trocas gasosas e índices de crescimento no capim-braquiária manejado sob cinco lâminas de irrigação (3,84; 4,39; 6,19; 8,62 e 10,46 mm dia-1) e quatro idades, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as lâminas de irrigação estudadas nas parcelas e as idades (10, 17, 24 e 31 dias) nas subparcelas, com quatro repetições. Constatou-se interação entre lâminas de irrigação e idades nas variáveis: transpiração foliar, temperatura da folha, taxa de fotossíntese e razão de peso foliar. Verificou-se resposta quadrática com ponto de mínimo para a concentração interna de CO2 e área foliar específica (0,0055 m² de folha g-1 de folha) em função do avanço nas idades. A concentração interna de CO2 apresentou valores estimados em 220,09 e 176,20 ppm aos 10 e 31 dias de crescimento, respectivamente, com valor mínimo (173,68 ppm) aos 27 dias. Verificou-se resposta quadrática com ponto de máximo (25,04 g m-2 de folha dia-1) para a taxa de assimilação líquida com o aumento nas idades. Observou-se resposta linear decrescente para taxa de crescimento relativo e razão de área foliar com aumento nas idades. A taxa de crescimento relativo revelou valores de 0,097 e 0,048 g g-1 dia-1, com 10 e 31 dias de crescimento, respectivamente. As idades de crescimento proporcionam mudanças nas trocas gasosas e nos índices de crescimento do capim-braquiária, porém, tais variáveis são pouco influenciadas pelas lâminas de irrigação nas condições do presente estudo.
Atributos químicos de um Neossolo Regolítico distrófico em função das doses e tempos de aplicação de vinhaça.
Authors: Lima Renato Paiva de , Rolim Mario Monteiro , Dantas Mara Suyane Marques , Costa Andréa Raquel Fernandes Carlos da , Duarte Anamaria De Sousa , Silva Anderson Rodrigo da
Published: October 2015

A vinhaça é um resíduo proveniente do processo de destilação do álcool, rico em matéria orgânica e nutrientes e, por isso, é muito utilizado para fertirrigação nos próprios canaviais. Entretanto, se aplicado em doses excessivamente altas pode desequilibrar o complexo sortivo do solo e, se descartado indiscriminadamente no solo, pode trazer sérios riscos ao ambiente. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses crescentes de vinhaça (0; 59; 119; 237 e 474 m3 ha-1) e diferentes tempos de incubação (30 e 60 dias) nos atributos químicos de um Neossolo Regolítico distrófico. Durante o estudo, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação do solo (CEes), pH e teores de K+ e Na+ trocáveis do solo. Ao final do estudo, foi possível concluir que os tempos de incubação de vinhaça no solo só afetaram significativamente as variáveis estudadas quando foi utilizada a maior dose de tal resíduo. Os teores de K+ e Na+ presentes no solo foram influenciados significativamente em decorrência da aplicação das doses crescentes de vinhaça, entretanto o pH e a CEes foram pouco afetados independente das doses utilizadas deste resíduo. A aplicação das lâminas de lixiviação provocou maior lixiviação de K+ do que Na+ do solo, fato que pode ocasionar a sodicidade do solo em função da aplicação de altas doses de vinhaça.
Ação de inseticidas vegetais associados a variedades de milho resistentes a Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em campo.
Authors: Azevedo Francisco Roberto de , Moura Maria Andréia Rodrigues de , Freitas Júnior Silvério De Paiva , Silva Tamiris Pereira da , Oliveira Antônio Ismael Silva de
Published: October 2015

A cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) é extremamente rica em conhecimentos técnico-científicos, possuindo grande valor econômico e bom potencial para gerar renda a muitas famílias, principalmente a pequenos produtores. Objetivando avaliar a ação de inseticidas vegetais associados a variedades de milhos resistentes a Spodoptera frugiperda, realizaram-se duas pesquisas em condições de campo em Juazeiro do Norte. A condução da primeira pesquisa deu-se no período de18 de março a 07 de abril de 2011, com dezesseis variedades de milhos: Cateto Sete Lagoas Flint; Central MexDent; Maya; Catingueira; Asteca; BR 106; Composto Flint; Asteca Dent; Jose Lucena; Neuton Pequeno; Maria Firmino; Milho Pão; Armazém; José Geraldo; ACB Várzea Alegre e Francisco de Assis. Avaliaram-se os danos das lagartas baseados em uma escala visual de notas. Após detectar os milhos mais resistentes, realizou-se a segunda pesquisa no mesmo local, de 18 de maio a 01 de junho de 2011, submetendo-os a três aplicações semanais de Natuneem® (azadiractina) e Rotenat® (rotenona), utilizando-se a mesma escala de notas. A variedade José Lucena é mais resistente ao ataque da praga, enquanto que ACB Várzea Alegre e Francisco de Assis são as mais suscetíveis. As demais expressam resistência intermediária. A ação da azadiractina e rotenona associada a variedade José Lucena reduz os danos das lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda em condições de campo.
Bioética: conocimiento, ciencia y pertinencia social.
Authors: Cuevas Silva Juan María
Published: October 2015

Investigar el mundo y sus dinámicas desde la bioética exige que este saber, ciencia o conocimiento se establezca desde las realidades que acompañan a todo aquello que se desenvuelve en el marco del misterio que se llama “vida”, que en sus posibilidades de ayudar a comprender el “mundo de la vida” (en toda su expresión fenomenológica) abarque territorios que vayan más allá de lo jurídico y de lo médico exclusivamente. Investigar, indagar, reflexionar en el contexto de los procesos socioculturales y políticoeconómicos desde la bioética demanda que quienes estén al tanto de este saber inter y transdisciplinario estén inmersos en los contextos y sus realidades, en la cartografía de la vida que ha ido marcando rutas de comprensiones diversas de lo que significa vivir.
Pobreza, violencia y desarrollo económico en la provincia de Sugamuxi: un análisis para el periodo 2000-2010
Authors: Cotte Poveda Alexander , Castro Rebolledo María del Rosario
Published: October 2015

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los determinantes de la violencia que inciden sobre el desarrollo económico de los municipios de la provincia de Sugamuxi para el período 2000-2010. La metodología utilizada se basó en la construcción de un modelo de datos panel dinámico, con diferentes estimaciones que capturan los efectos y la evolución del capital humano, la incidencia de la producción per cápita, las variables de la violencia, la pobreza y sus diferentes efectos sobre el desarrollo económico de los municipios.
Se encontró que los diferentes modelos estimados corroboran la hipótesis de que la violencia tiene incidencia negativa sobre el desarrollo económico de los municipios de la provincia de Sugamuxi, lo que corrobora la evidencia y los efectos de la violencia sobre el desarrollo. Los resultados sugieren que las diferentes formas de violencia tienen efectos perversos sobre el desarrollo, mientras que los diferentes niveles de educación inciden positivamente sobre el desarrollo económico de los municipios.
Los abuelos de la memoria en Aguablanca (Cali, Colombia). Entre una ciudad agreste y un campo vuelto utopía
Authors: Figueroa S. Helwar Hernando
Published: October 2015

La exclusión social y cultural de las personas víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia obedece a la negación del conflicto por parte de la sociedad, que pareciera sentirse más cómoda con el ejercicio de una ética ciudadana indiferente ante el dolor. Una indiferencia que contribuye al irrespeto hacia los derechos humanos e impide la creación de escenarios sociales consensuados e incluyentes, como lo propone la bioética. La metodología utilizada se basó en el acompañamiento a un grupo focal, compuesto por doce abuelos afrocolombianos, habitantes del distrito de Aguablanca (Cali), desplazados del Pacífico colombiano. Esta metodología se complementó
con entrevistas de profundidad. El objetivo de la investigación fue comprender cómo los desplazados recuerdan el campo desde la ciudad y, a su vez, contextualizar los relatos del desplazamiento del cual fueron víctimas. En las conclusiones se afirma que el uso de la memoria colectiva favorece la creación de una ética pluralista e incluyente, lo cual ayuda a restituir los derechos violados de la población víctima de desplazamiento forzado.
El representante de la comunidad en los comités de ética en investigación biomédica de instituciones de salud de Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Rey Lozano Elena
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar cualitativamente —desde la perspectiva de la comunidad— la experiencia que han tenido estas personas en su labor como representantes, indagando sobre los posibles significados de su participación y representatividad. Para abordar lo relativo a estos temas se revisó la literatura sobre ética en investigación y se evidenció la necesidad de generar un debate académico sobre la representación comunitaria.
¿Es el aborto un derecho sexual y reproductivo de la mujer? Análisis desde el bioderecho, la Bioética, la biopolítica y la biojurídica en Estados Unidos, España y Colombia.
Authors: Zárate Cuello Amparo De Jesús
Published: October 2015

A través de la historia, la mujer ha buscado el reconocimiento de sus derechos. Su lucha por la emancipación ha sido fructífera; sin embargo, hasta el presente no ha logrado equipararse con el género masculino en cuanto a la democracia de las oportunidades. En el camino hacia la consecución de sus derechos, se pone de manifiesto su interés en la interrupción del continuum biológico de su función reproductiva, lo que socava la esencia misma del comienzo de la vida humana: el nasciturus que se gesta en su vientre. Así es como en el presente artículo se dilucida el análisis sobre los denominados derechos sexuales y reproductivos a la luz del bioderecho, la Bioética, la biopolítica y la biojurídica; los cuales han sido tratados en la filosofía de grupos feministas, de defensa de la vida y la familia nuclear, que se han hecho sentir en la Conferencia sobre Población y Desarrollo (El Cairo, 1994) y la Cuarta Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer (Beijing, 1995).
De la enseñanza de la bioética a la educación bioética. Reflexiones sobre los desafíos en los posgrados en Bioética.
Authors: Abellán Salort José Carlos , Maluf Fabiano
Published: October 2015

La importancia creciente de la reflexión Bioética ha fomentado la proliferación de programas de estudios específicos en esta materia, habitualmente centrados en modelos de enseñanza de carácter teórico, descriptivo, o bien en programas enfocados en análisis de casos prácticos, enseñanzas que, en última instancia, se corresponden con los modelos de argumentación y visiones dominantes de la Bioética. Desde un estudio comparado de los programas de posgrado (másteres universitarios) en Bioética que se ofrecen actualmente en España, los autores hacen un análisis sobre los principales desafíos para la enseñanza de la Bioética y defienden la necesidad de superar las limitaciones de los modelos de enseñanza (teóricos y casuísticos), a favor de programas de formación o educación integral que incluyan, en el perfil del formador, conocimientos suficientes de antropología y ética y que integren una visión amplia de lo que significa la vida y la dignidad
de todo ser humano.
Heidegger sobre la bioética
Authors: Cabrera Julio , Salamano Mercedes Cecilia
Published: October 2015

Dentro del actual panorama de crisis global, se intenta poner en discusión la propuesta del filósofo Martin Heidegger, que puede modificar la formulación de una buena parte de las cuestiones bioéticas. El filósofo presenta una nueva noción de lo humano, no solo como “persona” o “agente racional”. Según el concepto del Dasein, la modernidad fue construida en torno a tres ideas: el sujeto como centro y fundamento, la ciencia como criterio único de verdad en el progreso y su consecuente tecnificación del mundo; habría que liberar un espacio para otro tipo de creación que no excluya la técnica, pero que tampoco la exalte hasta el punto de que lo demás desaparezca. Heidegger puede ser extremadamente instigante en cuanto a la distinción salud-enfermedad y problemas como la medicalización, en el intento de obtener una noción existencial de estos conceptos, superando su visión metafísica tradicional. La salud entonces deja de ser un acontecimiento objetivo para transformarse en un proyecto existencial.
Bioética y ecoética: entre ciencia, naturaleza y realidad social
Authors: Cuevas Silva Juan María
Published: October 2015

Desde lo natural, nuestra casa planetaria reclama por el cuidado de ella como hábitat, como núcleo central y primordial para poder vivir; es un reclamo que se le hace a la mano del hombre como ser que desde los albores de su aparición en la tierra, por lo menos en occidente, manipula los recursos naturales como medio para demostrar su poderío como dueño y señor de la tierra, hasta el punto que, como lo afirman Gustavo Correa y Astrid Muñoz: “por ello, nacen, crecen y se reproducen fenómenos de desigualdad caracterizados por condiciones de inequidad en el acceso al agua y las implicaciones que tal situación guarda con la pobreza. En este sentido, es posible sugerir que la inequidad obedece a fenómenos que tanto desde afuera como desde adentro tienden a perpetuarla en el tiempo”.
Problemas éticos del retiro o limitación de tratamiento vital en unidades de cuidados intensivos
Authors: Rincón Roncancio Mónica , Garzón Fabio
Published: October 2015

La medicina crítica atraviesa sus mejores momentos. Como afirma Gracia, “los cuidados intensivos han alcanzado su mayoría de edad”. Nadie cuestiona dichos adelantos para pacientes que eran considerados hace relativamente poco como desahuciados. Sin embargo, también da algo de vértigo el cambio que se ha logrado en el manejo de la muerte de dichos pacientes: el tránsito de una muerte “natural” a una muerte “gobernada por el hombre”. En este contexto cobran nuevo sentido conceptos como eutanasia, distanasia, futilidad, calidad de vida, muerte digna y, de manera especial, el concepto de retiro o limitación de tratamiento vital (LET). El presente artículo de reflexión analiza los problemas éticos que se generan al implementar los protocolos de LET en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El artículo está dividido en cuatro partes: 1. Distinciones terminológicas; 2. formas de aplicación de la LET; 3. LET en casos especiales: pediatría y personas con discapacidad, y 4. los problemas éticos específicos de la LET.
Impacto de la ausencia del Consejo Nacional de Bioética Colombiano
Authors: Rueda Martínez Gabriela , Monsores de Sá Natan
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo objetiva sustentar teóricamente el impacto de la ausencia del Consejo Nacional de Bioética (CNB) en la normatividad sobre investigación en seres humanos de Colombia (Resolución 8430/1993 del Ministerio de Salud). Para tal fin, fue dividido el abordaje del tema en tres partes: la primera trata sobre la experiencia previa del país en relación con la implementación del CNB; la segunda revisa la normatividad colombiana actual sobre experimentación en humanos, y la tercera analiza críticamente el contenido de la resolución referida. En Colombia, los debates sobre temas que exigen la reflexión bioética se dan a nivel del Estado, sin la asesoría de un consejo nacional de bioética que facilite una orientación desde dicha perspectiva. Por esta razón, es urgente la reglamentación de la Ley 1374/2010 que crea el CNB; además, considerando la protección de los sujetos participantes de las investigaciones, es pertinente que la bioética en Colombia transforme su fundamentación epistemológica, adoptando referenciales bioéticos consonantes con su realidad social. Por lo tanto, se propone la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la Unesco como directriz bioética internacional de la investigación en seres humanos.
Analysis of manuscripts on ethics in scientific research at Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO)
Authors: Squinca Flavia , Guilhem Dirce , Squinca Juliana Paula
Published: October 2015

Ethics in research became a central theme regarding globalization of the scientific development, particularly when related to the socioeconomic conditions of the countries involved as partners in research protocols, production of inputs and of knowledge. The objective of this paper is to analyze the sources of information about ethics in research present at Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Methodologically, this is an exploratory study was carried out by the systematic analysis of the literature available. The search engines retrieved 885 summaries, from which 170 were analyzed. The first publication was dated from 1996 and it could be identified the mention to international documents about research in humans. Since 2002 there has been an increase of publications related to the gain of legitimacy of the topic in academy. As a conclusion, although the amount is not huge, the manuscripts presented great impact as they stimulated debates and produced scientific knowledge on the topic. It can be observed that ethics in research has outcome the biomedical field, being inserted in other fields of knowledge.
Ethical approach to aggressive situations involving dependent patients
Authors: Palhares Dario , Rodrigues da Cunha Antônio Carlos
Published: October 2015

Workers in the Health Assistance sector frequently face aggressive behavior from patients. When a dependant patient is involved, the situation gets more complex, since he or she is the weakest link and is not responsible for the aggressive act. The child who is taken to the doctor is probably sick. However, if an adult gets into a conflict situation with a professional, chances of a clear and hopeful line of treatment will be less. In such cases, the child must at least be examined. If alert clinical signs are present, the child must be immediately treated, otherwise he/she must be referred to another professional.
A sociedade e a sexualidade da pessoa cega: preconceito, curiosidade, indiferença ou falta de conhecimento?
Authors: Ornelas França Dalva Nazaré
Published: October 2015

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar como as pessoas cegas definem a percepção dos não cegos em relação a sua sexualidade. Participaram 11 (onze) pessoas com cegueira congênita de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 22 e 54 anos e nível educacional do fundamental ao superior incompleto. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas e sessões de grupo focal, com uso de gravador. As entrevistas e as sessões de grupo focal foram transcritas na integra e analisadas qualitativamente, à luz da hermenêutica dialética, buscando uma articulação entre os dados empíricos e os referenciais teóricos. Emergiram duas categorias: 1) A pessoa cega vista como assexuada; 2) Falta de conhecimento como gerador de curiosidade e indiferença. Os depoimentos e as sessões grupais evidenciaram: que as pessoas cegas percebem que a sociedade as considera como assexuadas destituídas de desejos sexuais e incapazes de gerir a própria vida; que a falta de conhecimento sobre a cegueira leva a sociedade a ver a sexualidade dos cegos como curiosidade, indiscrição, desconfiança ou simplesmente invisibilidade. As pessoas cegas reconhecem já ter ocorrido mudanças na sociedade no sentido da inclusão sob vários aspectos, mas avaliam que o preconceito em relação à sexualidade ainda é grande. Concluímos que as atitudes de discriminação e preconceito da sociedade, em relação à sexualidade das pessoas cegas, é resultado de uma construção histórica social de segregação das pessoas com deficiência. Apontamos para necessidade de construir novos paradigmas, para que possa proporcionar a essas pessoas, o respeito às diferenças, a autonomia, a dignidade e a seus direitos fundamentais.
La bioética en el contexto de las narrativas mediáticas. ¿Es posible la “relocalización” del sentido de las discursivas?
Authors: Bohórquez Caldera Luis Alfredo
Published: October 2015

Se propone una discusión sobre las condiciones de posibilidad que justificarían la construcción de un conocimiento desde la bioética con relación a las narrativas mediáticas. Concretamente, plantar un escenario desde donde se pueda interrogar sobre la posibilidad de relocalizar epistémicamente las discursivas y provocar así una migración en el sentido de las mismas. Al mismo tiempo, se plantea la posibilidad de proponer que se redefinan los presupuestos teóricos atribuidos a la bioética desde posturas teóricas que constituyen lugares de enunciación “otros”. En otras palabras, escenarios desde donde sea posible cuestionar el discurso sobre la bioética, el cual, como se indicará más adelante, está enfocado en asuntos hospitalarios y biomédicos, de modo que pueda involucrarse con discursos emergentes, con discursos que contrastan las hegemonías epistémico-ideológicas, los regímenes discursivos, y el carácter de politicidad que subyace en la relación persona-espacio público. Desde esta perspectiva, plantear como posible una redefinición del discurso en bioética a partir de propuestas y/o planteamientos teóricos enmarcados en las nuevas narrativas, particularmente en las narrativas mediáticas.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE NA PERSPECTIVA DA PEDAGOGIA DAS COMPETÊNCIAS
Authors: Trevisan Amarildo Luiz , Alberti Dirceu
Published: October 2015

O artigo aborda a formação docente na perspectiva da filosofia da educação,
a fim de reconhecer o caráter instrumental presente na Pedagogia das Competências. Desse modo, o objetivo foi analisar quais as possibilidades e os limites das competências para a formação docente na perspectiva da teoria da ação comunicativa, de Jürgen Habermas. O referencial teórico é embasado na abordagem hermenêutico-reconstrutiva habermasiana, considerando a necessidade do restabelecimento de uma postura dialógica e crítico-emancipatória na formação docente. As discussões são centralizadas criticamente na teia que amarra a educação aos interesses do sistema, especialmente na tarefa de adaptar a sociedade e os cidadãos à ordem econômica vigente.
Palavras-chave: Filosofia da educação. Formação. Competências. Dialogicidade.
Estimates of genetic variability and scope of selection for yield determinants in mutated populations of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Chandra Kunj , Lal G. M. , Singh Chandra Mohan
Published: October 2015

The experimental material consisted seven mutagenic populations of chickpea in M3 and M4 generation, control (Avarodhi) and check variety Pusa 312. The experiment was conducted during rabi 2009-10 and 2010-11. On the basis of per se performance, six mutagenic populations were selected for high seed yield coupled with high harvest index and more number of pods per plant. None of the mutagenic populations exhibited high estimates of GCV and PCV in M3 generation whereas number of pods per plant and 100 -seed weight exhibited high estimates of GCV and PCV in M4 generation. The results on heritability and genetic advance indicated that the isolation of mutants from M4 population with high number of secondary branches per plant, high number of pods per plant, high 100 seed weight, high harvest index and high seed yield per plant is possible in advanced generations. All the yield component traits exhibited positive and significant association with seed yield per plant at phenotypic level except plant height and number of primary branches per plant in both M3 and M4 generations. Harvest index and biological yield per plant had high (maximum) direct effect on seed yield per plant in both generations. In selection process, emphasis on harvest index, biological yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant, of secondary branches per plant and of pods per plant should be given to isolate the high yielding segregants in chickpea.
Screening of greengram genotypes for Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) Resistance and selection of parental lines for hybridization programme
Authors: Sarkar Sutanu , Bhattacharyya Somnath
Published: October 2015

Screening of some wild Vigna radiata germplasm namely Sub2, Sub9, Sub2/7/2, Sub2/3/4, setulosa and Sub14, and four popular cultivars of greengram namely B1, NP28, PS16 and Kopergaon against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) was done by feeding assay in laboratory conditions. Resistance to bruchids was identified in a wild greengram Vigna radiata var. sublobata namely Sub2. All the cultivars showed susceptibility against bruchid. Hence, Sub2 could be utilised for the development of bruchid resistant segregating lines.
Effects of PGPR, sulphur, and some micronutrients on protein, carbohydrate, and fat contents in lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Rathi Brijesh , Kumar Sudhir
Published: October 2015

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of PGPR, S and three micronutrients viz. Mn, Zn and Mo on the contents of protin, carbohydrate and fat in lentil (Lens culinaris). Seeds treated along with PGPR and S, Zn, Mn and Mo soil applied at the time of sowing @ 60, 4, 0.5 and 0.1Kg/ha respectively, significantly increased protein content (26.96% in 2009 and 26.89% in 2008) in comparison of control. The application of PGPR + S + Mo + Mn + Zn resulted in higher fat (2.56% in 2009 and 2.50% in 2008) and carbohydrate content as against 1.64% and 1.49% also 54.03% in 2009 and 53.87% in 2008 as against 50.59% and 49.75% in control. Use of PGPR, S and micronutrients may thus be an effective approach for improving the dietary value of lentil by its increased protein, carbohydrates, and fat contents.
Does Early Exposure to Stimulants Lead to Substance Use Disorders Later on?
Authors: Prousky Jonathan E.
Published: October 2015

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) denotes childhood problems of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, leading to impairments in daily functioning, scholastic performance, and relationships with peers. Although the rationale for stimulant medication is to reduce the morbidity associated with having ADHD, critics have argued that methylphenidate and other prescribed stimulant drugs (PSDs) are overly prescribed and inherently dangerous. Researchers have also raised concerns that PSDs might prime the central nervous system, thus rendering individuals more susceptible to substance use disorders (SUDs) later in life. There is also a strong comorbidity between ADHD and SUDs in adulthood. If many adults with SUDs were prescribed stimulants for ADHD as children or during adolescence, this could suggest that taking these drugs during these critical developmental periods increase the risks for SUDs later on. Research articles (i.e., both animal and human data) were reviewed to ascertain if any associations exist between PSDs and brain and behavioral changes. Review articles, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and clinical data were examined to assess associations between PSDs during childhood and adolescence and the development of SUDs in adolescence and adulthood. Contentious evidence does suggest that PSDs are not likely responsible for substance use and SUDs in adolescence, although it remains equivocal if PSDs offer any protection against substance use and abuse in adolescence. Although PSDs do reduce symptoms of ADHD that may interfere with learning in childhood, the evidence raises the possibility that these drugs might be responsible for substance use and SUDS in some adults.
The Chemical Imbalance Hypothesis: An Evaluation of the Evidence
Authors: Schultz William
Published: October 2015

Powered by philosophic argument, scientific evidence, and multibillion dollar pharmaceutical companies sponsoring multimillion dollar advertising campaigns, the chemical imbalance hypothesis has saturated our academic and popular culture. This saturation is, at least partially, responsible for the more than 10 billion dollars annually spent on antidepressant medication in the United States. But what is the “chemical imbalance” hypothesis? And what evidence supports it? This article will provide an account of the chemical imbalance hypothesis, a history of its development, and the evidence provided for its justification. This article will show that the evidence for the chemical imbalance hypothesis is unconvincing. It will discuss why, despite the unconvincing evidence, the hypothesis lingers. And, finally, it will suggest an alternative approach to mental illness that avoids some of the pitfalls of a biological reductionistic account of mind.
Improving Preoperative Cardiac Assessment Efficiency by Using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Zuzul Marcia A. , Tanabe Paula , Blok Robert , Snyder Kenneth
Published: October 2015

Background: Patients undergoing noncardiac surgery can experience cardiac complications, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period. The goal of this quality improvement (QI) project was to standardize the preoperative assessment process and improve patient-centered care by implementing evidence-based practice guidelines for electrocardiogram (ECG) recommendations prior to noncardiac surgery. Methods: Three steps were used to implement the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) recommendation for ECG to reduce variance in practice and decrease surgical cancellations. A pre- and postdesign was used to evaluate 2 outcomes: decreased surgical cancellations for lack of a current ECG and surgical loss opportunity cost. All data were retrospectively collected for 60 days during the pre- and postperiods. Results: Evidence-based, preoperative ECG recommendations were implemented in the electronic medical record (EMR). Overall, ECG guideline adherence increased from 50% to 66% (χ2 = 2.19, p = .139) postimplementation. Surgical cancellations because of unmet ECG requirements were reduced from 50% to 34% (χ2 = 2.19, p = .139) post-EMR guideline implementation. There was no statistical difference in the cost associated with loss surgical opportunity minutes between the periods (t = 0.79, p = .43, 95% CI [−6.96, 16.24]). Discussion: We successfully implemented an evidence-based guideline recommending specific preoperative ECG requirements within a busy Veterans Administration hospital. This project stimulated ongoing dialogue between the disciplines with positive trends in decreased surgical cancellations.
Exploration of Self-Care Following Distribution of Acute Management Tool for Elder Heart Failure Patients in Clinic Setting
Authors: Vincent Sharon E. , Mutsch Karen S.
Published: October 2015

The aim of this mixed method, quantitative descriptive study was to develop an understanding of heart failure (HF) patient symptoms and perceptions. Rehospitalization is significant, with cardiovascular disease treatment costs in the United States exceeding all other diagnostic groups. Many readmissions are preventable. Teaching gaps exist during discharge.

The Palliative Care Outcome Scale instrument provided patient-reported functional outcomes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined differences. Glaser and Strauss’s grounded theory guided the qualitative analysis of HF patients (N= 10) in the HF clinic setting. The transactional model of stress and adaptation (Lazarus, DeLongis, Folkman, & Gruen, 1985) gave meaning to patient adherence.

Comparisons of patient, staff, and caregiver scores were not significantly different. However, when only patient and staff responses were compared, patients reported significantly higher symptom scores. Significantly, staff were not recognizing all HF symptoms. Qualitative themes were physical, psychological, management, and self-care.

Limitations were small sample size and some patients did not have caregivers. The study needs to be repeated over a longer period with more participants’ caregivers and a larger, diverse sample.

This project has potential to provide collaborative improvement when teaching during critical discharge processes. Nurses and patients must vigilantly recognize worsening of HF symptoms.
Field-Scale Deformation Analysis of Cyclic Solvent Stimulation in Thin Unconsolidated Heavy-Oil Reservoirs With Developed Wormhole Network
Authors: Rangriz Shokri Alireza , Babadagli Tayfun
Published: October 2015

With the current interest in exploiting thin unconsolidated heavy-oil reservoirs, cold heavy-oil production with sand (CHOPS) can be considered to be a promising primary-recovery technique. However, it offers low recovery factors (~5-15%) and creates a complex network of high-permeability channels known as workholes, while simultaneously changing formation compressibility and in-situ stress conditions. Eventually, development of such a network would lead to a softer layer within the shallow unconsolidated reservoir, which can carry less of the overburden stress. Further development of such reservoirs is usually achieved through enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) applications in the form of cyclic solvent stimulation within an economic framework. Cyclic loading and unloading of this EOR technique make it even more difficult to predict the recovery performance.

In this study, a 3D geomechanical model was used to calculate the stress distribution in a history-matched field in Alberta with 15 producers. The fractal patterns generated from the diffusion-limited-aggregation (DLA) algorithm were used to represent the wormhole network with different strength properties. Foamy behaviour of heavy oil was modelled with the help of a set of kinetic reactions. The hydro-geomechanical model was then used for field-development planning, reservoir management, and assessment of near-wellbore regions during cyclic injection and production. The fieldwide deformation and stress changes were analyzed in deep overburden, caprock, and reservoir to show the influence of local stress orientations in soft and stiff layers.

Next, we considered a sector model with a single well. The model introduced was used to assess EOR processes with different solvent streams. While light hydrocarbon components help to repressurize the formation, the heavier components seem more effective in heavy-oil dilution. This occurred while stress arching redistributed the cyclic injection/production-induced stresses to flow around soft inclusions. Although it is difficult to obtain data to calibrate the 3D hydro-geomechanical model, it allows for reliable investigation of reservoir performance and provides deeper insight than does the use of flow simulation alone. The assessment of the potential of geomechanics can ascertain whether a more-detailed modelling is necessary.
Investigating the Effect of Improved Fracture Conductivity on Production Performance of Hydraulically Fractured Wells: Field-Case Studies and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Sun Jianlei , Schechter David
Published: October 2015

Unconventional reservoirs require extensive hydraulic-fracturing treatments to produce fluids economically and efficiently. The main purpose of such treatments is to create complex fracture networks with high-conductivity paths deeper into the nonstimulated reservoir regions. Proppants play an important role in maintaining good-quality fracture conductivities, which then greatly affect long-term production performance. In addition, research on proppants has shown a reduction in conductivities under downhole stresses and multiphase-flow behaviours. Therefore, it is important to study the effect different proppants and conductivities have on production performance through actual field cases.

To evaluate the production performance of wells completed with different proppants, the authors proposed an integrated work flow for characterization and simulation of unconventional reservoirs. This work flow is unique because of the stochastic fracture-network-generation algorithms and improved unstructured-grid-generation techniques. Both analysis of field-production data and numerical simulations were performed on eight wells in the CAPA field of North Dakota. For the field-data analysis, three public-data resources were reviewed to prepare a summary of reservoir properties, fracture properties, proppant properties, and production history. For the numerical simulations, all the wells were modelled and simulated with the proposed work flow. Finally, sensitivity analyses were carried out to investigate the effects of fracture conductivities and natural fractures.

After completing the field-case studies and reservoir simulations, it was concluded that with the same fracture design, higher fracture conductivity improves production performance. Pumping a smaller volume of upgraded proppants with higher conductivity not only improves long-term production performance, but also justifies the additional costs and reduces the overall operation time of the entire hydraulic-fracturing job. The stimulated reservoir volume was greatly increased, as was the production performance, where natural fractures exist.

In this paper, field-data analysis was applied in the Bakken to demonstrate the integrated unconventional work flow. The proposed unstructured-gridding algorithms can be incorporated into any preprocessor to handle complex networks. Reservoir, fracture, and proppant characterization and reservoir simulation of the field cases can help engineers prepare and interpret simulation input and output.
Optimum Fracture Conductivity for Naturally Fractured Shale and Tight Reservoirs
Authors: Gu Ming , Kulkarni Pandurang , Rafiee Mehdi , Ivarrud Endre , Mohanty Kishore
Published: October 2015

With the development of unconventional shale and tight reservoirs, stimulation treatments that place multiple transverse fractures have received greater attention in recent years. The post-fracture productivity of such low-permeability reservoirs is largely determined by the matrix/fracture contact area with appropriate fracture conductivity. Although it is often anticipated that the fractures are infinitely conductive, the general belief is that production increases with the proppant amount injected.

This paper presents an approach to assess the proppant amount injected by determining the optimum post-fracture conductivity. First, through use of 3D finite-difference reservoir simulations in a naturally fractured reservoir, which has both the hydraulic fracture and natural fractures modeled explicitly as discrete gridblocks, we find cumulative production as a function of fracture conductivity. For a fixed propped length and production time, we observe a critical conductivity beyond which the production is insensitive to the conductivity. The critical conductivity is then obtained as a function of the propped length and production time. The numerical results show that the critical conductivity increases with propped length and decreases with production time. The effect of stimulated natural-fracture properties (spacing and permeability) on the critical conductivity is then investigated. For reservoirs with matrix permeability in the range of 20 to 1,000 nd, natural fractures increase the short-term critical conductivity, but decrease the medium- to long-term conductivity. The paper also evaluates the influence of water production, cluster spacing, and flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP) on the critical conductivity.

This study demonstrates that fracture designs that are based on pseudosteady-state solutions are not appropriate for naturally fractured shale reservoirs and can lead to significantly lower initial production. Considering conductivity degradation over time, fracture designs that target achieving 1-year critical conductivity are recommended. A simple, yet robust workflow that is based on knowledge of 1-year critical conductivity is also presented for systematically selecting the type and amount of proppant for stimulation treatment. Such a workflow can mitigate trial-and-error-based and data-driven approaches in the industry. An example is demonstrated for the Marcellus play.
Re-Assessing Surveillance Data to Unlock Significant Recoverable Oil Volume in a Highly Complex Area in the Chirag Field
Authors: Ismayilov Aydin , Rzayev Elshan , Hajinskaya Farana , Lokke Paul , Kin Maria Lum
Published: October 2015

The decision to drill a development well in a structurally complex area can be a difficult one. This paper shows an example of how the critical analysis of previous interpretations was done to re-assess reservoir quality. Core data and log-derived petrophysical properties suggested an infill well will likely have low productivity index. However, classical analysis of pressure and dynamic data showed that these previous reservoir assumptions were pessimistic, and subsequently led to the successful drilling and completion of a development oil well in the Nose area of the Chirag field in Azerbaijan.
Regional Integrated Near Surface Geological Study
Authors: Contet Julien , Unterseh Stephan
Published: October 2015

During the preliminary stage of a field development project, a regional multiscale near-surface geological study is carried out in order to assess geohazard processes with regards to their potential impacts for subsea installation (flowlines, wellhead, templates…) and drilling activities. This integrated approach, essential to assess a new subsea field development project, especially in a very challenging province, needs several types of geophysical and geotechnical surveys, from large to small scale extent. Each survey brings particular informations associated with a specific uncertainty and resolution.

This typical process has been implemented to assess the geohazards potentially affecting an offshore subsea development of the South Caspian Basin (SCB-Azerbaijan). The site investigated is located on the continental slope of the Caspian Sea in water depths ranging from 50m to 600m.

A preliminary regional study, based on a 3D seismic dataset, revealed large scale geological features, including a giant mud volcano, regional scale Mass Transport Complexes (MTC) and a large slope failure scar at seabed. Nevertheless, the resolution of the dataset was of insufficient quality to address the drilling hazards with enough confidence and series of hydrographical and geophysical site investigations have been recommended. They include a dense 2D high resolution seismic survey and a high resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) survey, aimed at characterizing the drilling hazards, the seabed and near-seabed hazards. These geophysical site investigations have been complemented by a dedicated geotechnical survey in order to provide preliminary geo-mechanical parameters and a proper geological modeling.

This integrated study revealed an unsuspected complexity in the recent geological history of the site, resulting from the close interaction of tectonics, mud volcanism, high sedimentation rates, mass transported deposits and gaseous fluid upward migration.

The gaseous fluid migration is currently active and is at the origin of many geohazards, with shallow gas accumulation at shallow depth, seepages at seabed along faults, mud volcano and pockmarks, and occurrence of methane derived authigenic carbonates (MDAC). They may also be related to the occurrence of slope failure and collapse depressions observed at shallow depth within the soil.