bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The People Divided by the Border (Comparative Characteristics of Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan)
Authors: Smirnova Tatyana B. , Blinova Anna N.
Published: February 2023

Germans who previously lived in the same state were separated by state borders after the collapse of the USSR. Living in newly independent States launched the processes of ethnic self-determination and adaptation to new socio-cultural and political conditions. Based on the results of ethnosociological surveys of the German population in Russia and Kazakhstan, we give a comparative characteristic of the identity of Germans in these countries. In general, the identity of Germans in the post-Soviet space has many common features, which are determined by the common historical fate, cultural and linguistic unity, the presence of support programs from Germany and the active activity of public organizations. The differences in the identity of the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan are related to the peculiarities of national policy, including historical memory and the state language. The development of the identity of Kazakh Germans takes place in somewhat more difficult conditions, since in Kazakhstan the number of the German population has decreased almost fivefold over the years of independence (while the emigration potential is still high), and there are no areas of compact residence of Germans. In the sphere of ethno-linguistic processes, we have noted the presence of bilingualism and trilingualism of Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan and the decline in the popularity of learning German in school institutions. The special, specific features of this new identity are connected with the political and cultural realities of the new States.
Character Strengths as a Predictor of Adult Friendship Quality and Satisfaction: Implications for Psychological Interventions
Authors: Pezirkianidis Christos , Stalikas Anastassios , Moraitou Despina
Published: February 2023

Since the birth of positive psychology, character strengths-based interventions aiming at promoting wellbeing have become very popular. However, there are only a few previous studies focusing on the associations of character strengths with social wellbeing, e.g., positive outcomes in close relationships. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between character strengths and positive adult friendship outcomes (i.e., friendship quality, satisfaction, and number of friends). The effects of age and gender were also examined. A total of 3051 adults aged from 18 to 65 years participated in the study. The Values-In-Action Inventory of Strengths-120 and the McGill Friendship Questionnaires (measuring friendship quality and satisfaction) were used. The results indicated that all character strengths positively correlated with friendship variables, while specific strengths predicted adult friendship quality (love, kindness, honesty, and curiosity), satisfaction (kindness, honesty, modesty, spirituality, love, and bravery), and number of friends (curiosity and persistence). Age, gender, and gender of the friend dyad (same and opposite-sex friendships) moderated only three of these effects. Practical implications for designing and implementing strengths-based positive friendship interventions in several contexts, such as university, workplace, and counselling are discussed.
Polymyxins: A Review of the Current Status Including Recent Developments
Authors: Kwa Andrea L , Tam Vincent H , Falagas Matthew E
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Polymyxins have become the drug of choice for treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli infections in Singapore, simply because these pathogens are only susceptible to either aminoglycosides and polymyxins, or polymyxins only. Furthermore, there is no new antibiotic in the pipeline that targets these difficult-to-treat infections.

Materials and Methods: All published literatures (up to end of February 2008) regarding polymyxins are included for review.

Results: This review serves to give a summary of polymyxins from the current available literature, highlighting relevant clinical studies and information that help to guide informed prescription of polymyxins, should the need arise.

Conclusions: However, there are substantial information gaps that needed to be filled urgently, to preserve the clinical utility of this very last line of antibiotic.

Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii, Colistin, Multidrug resistance, Polymyxin B, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fungal Pan-sinusitis with Severe Visual Loss in Uncontrolled Diabetes
Authors: Chua Jocelyn LL , Cullen James F
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Invasive fungal pan-sinusitis can present atypically with severe acute visual loss with minimal anterior orbital inflammation. We describe 2 such cases with a background of uncontrolled diabetes.

Clinical Picture: Respective clinical presentations of orbital apex and cavernous sinus syndromes were associated with isolation of Aspergillus galactomannan and Rhizopus.

Treatment: Urgent extensive surgical debridement and systemic antifungal is necessary.

Outcome: Clinical improvement of the ocular motor nerves can be expected within 2 months of treatment but visual loss is usually permanent.

Conclusion: Underlying pansinusitis is an important differential for acute visual loss, especially in uncontrolled diabetics. Early treatment determines outcome.

Key words: Cavernous sinus syndrome, Optic neuropathy, Orbital apex syndrome
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Patients With Confirmed Avian Influenza Presenting to Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital, Indonesia, 2005-2007
Authors: Giriputro Sardikin , Agus Rismali , Sulastri Sri , Murniati Dewi , Darwis Fitryani , Wiweka IB Sila , Rusli Adria , Sirait Sondang , Susi Marhaningtyas Susi , Hendrawardati Tuti , Rinaldi  , Soetanto Tony , Deliana Elly , Firmansyah Iman
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Since the first human cases of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection were detected in Indonesia in 2005, the Sulianti Saroso Infectious Diseases Hospital in Jakarta has managed 27 confirmed cases from September 2005 to December 2007.

Materials and Methods: We reviewed the clinical and epidemiological data of these patients.
Results: Clinical and radiological features were not specific. Most patients were young and had indirect contact with infected poultry. The majority of cases presented to the Infectious Diseases hospital late when the patients already had features of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The mortality was high at 77%.
Conclusion: There is clearly an urgent need for better field diagnostics and therapeutics for the management of this emerging pathogen.

Key words: H5N1, Severity of illness
The Effect of Zig zag Running Training on Increasing VO2max for Mega Futsal Athletes
Authors:   Department Of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Manihuruk FransFile , Nugroho Sigit ,   Department Of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Nasrulloh Ahmad ,   Department Of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta Indonesia, Tarigan Jumpa ,   Department Of Sport Science, Medan State University, Medan Indonesia
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of zig-zag running training on increasing VO2max for mega futsal club athletes. The method in this research is to use an experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were 30 athletes of futsal mega club. The research sample is 30 mega club futsal athletes using total sampling technique.technique of measuring VO2max uses a Yo-yo intermittent recovery test. The data analysis technique used is quantitative description and analyzed using SPSS 26 software to test data normality, data homogeneity, and influence test. The results in the study show that 1). There is an effect of zi-zag running training on increasing V02max of mega club futsal athletes, 2) zig-zag running training is proven to improve the physical condition of mega club futsal athletes
The Effect of Isotonic Drinks on The Solubility of Calcium and Phosphate in Tooth Enamel
Authors:   Lecturer, PhD, Departement of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), Indonesia, Dewiyani Sari , Safira Larisa ,   Student, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama), Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Tooth enamel is a tissue that undergoes a high mineralization process but is susceptible to acidic foods and drinks. Calcium and phosphate are the main components of tooth enamel. Isotonic drinks are soft drinks that people like because they can replace body fluids when dehydrated, but these drinks are high in acid content, which accelerates tooth enamel decay. Material and methods. Laboratory experimental study (in vitro), a sample of 16 maxillary first premolars were divided into two groups. All teeth are separated by crowns and roots. In group one, the isotonic solution measured calcium levels with a wavelength of 420 nm, and in the second group of isotonic solutions, the phosphate level was measured at a wavelength of 590 nm. Furthermore, the teeth were immersed in 20 ml of isotonic drink for 60 seconds, then the levels of dissolved calcium and phosphate were measured again with a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Results. There was a significant difference in the increase in the solubility of calcium and phosphate in tooth enamel before and after immersed in isotonic drink P=0.012 (P<0.05) Conclusion. Isotonic drink affects the solubility of calcium and phosphate in tooth enamel.
Rooting Response of Melada (Piper colubrinum) to Several Mixed Concentrations of IBA and NAA and Two Types of Commercial Root Stimulant
Authors: Hanum Farida , Rasmani Risma , Putri Viza Yelisanti
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to study the best type of auxin on P.colubrinum rooting compared to commercial type stimulants and to study the effective and efficient mixed auxin concentration for P.colubrinum cuttings. The experiment was carried out at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from May 2018 to December 2018. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The treatment applied mixed auxin (NAA and IBA) with a total concentration of both mixtures of 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm and also applied two types of commercial stimulants. The results of the 0.05 BNT test analysis can be concluded that the combined auxin NAA + IBA at a total concentration of 1500 ppm is an effective and efficient auxin compared to mixed auxin with a total concentration of 2500, 2000, two types of commercial auxin and also a control on the root formation of P. colubrinum cuttings. although the effect on the variable is different or higher, it is considered the same in the 0.05 BNT test. In mixed auxin with a total of 1500 ppm the average number of primary roots in the node is 12 strands, the average number of primary roots in the cross section of the stem is 9.2 strands, the average number of primary roots is 21.2 strands, the average length of primary roots 27 cm and the average root wet weight was 8.3 g
Pension Fund Calculation Using Traditional and Projected Unit Credit Methods for Total Actuarial Liability and Normal Cost Cases
Authors: Daulay Syifa Nur Rasikhah , Hidayana Rizki Apriva , Halim Nurfadhlina Abdul
Published: February 2023

The DSH Meat Kiosk is a kiosk that sells one of the foodstuffs, namely Beef. This DSH Meat Kiosk has been around for more than 20 years. However, as long as this kiosk is established, the manager still finds it difficult to analyze the profit from the sale. Therefore, this Profit and Loss Financial Statement is intended to assist traders in managing the profits generated. In this report a financial analysis is made in November 2021 and February 2022. The method used in making this report is to use primary data by collecting data in the form of interviews with kiosk owners relating to things needed in making profit and loss statements such as assets that owned, total revenue, operating costs and others. The results of this report show that sales in February 2022 decreased by 17.88% compared to November 2021. With this report, it is hoped that this report will help and make it easier to manage the profits generated and make decisions to generate the best profits.The discussion of the selected questions will look for what actuarial obligations are and what normal costs are based on the data provided. The purpose of this discussion is to know, understand, and be able to perform actuarial calculations regarding the unit credit method used. The unit credit method used is the traditional unit credit and the projected unit credit. The formula used for each question is as follows.Â andThe result of solving the first problem shows that the total actuarial liability on 1/1/95 is IDR 405,339.095. While the results of the second question show that the normal cost for 2021 on 1/1/2021 was IDR 1,071.43. From these results, users can find out how much actuarial obligations are and what normal costs are based on the data that has been provided.
A Concept of ChatushkaMethodology in CharakSamhita-A Review
Authors: Singh Naval , Gupta Nisha
Published: February 2023

Ayurvedahas the distinction of being the "oldest medical system and the oldest and most comprehensive spiritual teachings in the world". Ayurvedais based on the principle of maintaining a balance between the interrelated relationships within the body and mind.The Brihatrayee-Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhitaand Ashtanga Hridayaare the three primary authoritative works in Ayurveda. There are 8 Sthanasin the Charaka Samhita, 5 Sthanasin the Susruta Samhitaand 5 Sthanasin the Astanga Hridaya. The 120 Chapters of the CharakaSamhitaare divided into 8 Sthanas.Sutrasthanais one among them, which is placed first in CharakaSamhita. The foundational theory of Ayurvedaand its technique for life are extensively detailed in Sutrasthana. Sutrasthanafrom the CharakaSamhitaknown as the Shira. 30 chapters of Sutrasthanaare categorized under seven groups of four chapters known as SaptaChatushka.Specifically, Aushadha, Swastha, Nirdesh, Kalpana, Roga, Yojanaand AnnapanaChatushka. remaining two chapters are the collection of the information termed as the SangrahaDwaya. Here, an attempt is made to teach the Chatushkaprocess in Sutrasthanain a methodical and detailed manner that provides the foundational information for treatment. This is one of CharakaSamhita'sunique qualities.
A Conceptual Study of Dhatu Poshan Nyaya (Metabolic Transformation) in Ayurvedic Perspective
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Kumar  Nagar Lalit , Kumar  Sharma Ashok , Lal  Sharma Kishori , Meena Rekhraj
Published: February 2023

This review enlightens future research and scientific approach of Ayurveda in the context of Dhatu Poshna Nyaya (metabolic transformation and movement of substances through cell membrane). The things that truly support a living body are called dhatus.Dhatu denotes physical sustenance and food from the sole Sara component of the Ahara Rasa. A dietary substance's metabolism refers to a set of particular biochemical reactions that take place inside a living thing from the time it is incorporated into a cell or tissue until it is excreted, some of which are associated with tissue synthesis and other metabolic processes. Those who break down tissue are said to be catabolic or anabolic, respectively. Numerous explanations have also been put out in the case of Dhatu Poshan. Numerous ideas have been developed regarding the process by which different nutrients are ingested by the body. One should consider all of these Nyayascomparable to one another.
A Review on Aharawith special referenceto body organs
Authors: Prajapat Monika , Kumar Sharma Ashok , Lal Sharma Kishori , Meena Rekhraj , Nigam Ayushi
Published: February 2023

According to Ayurveda, all living and non living objects in the universe are made up of Panchamahabhutas. In accordance with the requirements of LokaPurushaSamayaSiddhanta1, the world and the human body are connected entities with the same panchabhutaconstitution. Finding things that behave or look like organs and figuring out which foods are ideal for a certain organ or organ system both use the same notion. CarakaSamhitadescribes three supports of life viz. ahara(intake of food), nidra(sleep) and bramhacarya(control of senses and spiritual bliss conducive to the knowledge of Bramhan). Food (ahara) is regarded as the most significant of these. Hitakara/pathyadiet promotes longevity, strength, intelligence, a clear voice, and a healthy complexion in addition to maintaining good health. Organs should be kept healthy to improve our overall quality of life. Different diet products are mentioned for various organs to keep them healthy and disease free.Various pathyaaharaare being mentioned here for specific organs which is to be followed by everyone along with proper Dinacharyaand Ritucharyaaccordingly
Conceptual Study of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa
Authors: Awasthi Sakshi , Gandharve Satish , Sood Rajesh , Sharma Sonia
Published: February 2023

Ayurveda's primary goal is to prevent and cure various diseases.Concept of Chikitsa (Treatment)in Ayurvedahas been extensively well defined, divided into three main aspects on Shodhana (Purification Therapy), Shamana(Pacification Therapy)and Nidana Parivarjana(Avoiding causative factors). Panchakarma therapy of Ayurveda has caught the attention of people all over the world since it is a unique type of treatment for various chronic, auto immunological, hormonal, and degenerative problems, among others, where other types of treatments have failed. Acharya Charaka emphasized the importance of Panchakarma therapy by noting that the ailment healed by Shodhanawill never recur, however the disease treated by Shamana therapy may resurface in the future.Here, in this article an attempt has been made to analyse the concept of Shodhanaand Shamana Chikitsaas mentioned in classical texts of Ayurveda
Ўзбекистон республикасида судьяларнинг интизомий жавобгарлиги
Authors: Каримов Темур
Published: February 2023

Мазкур мақолада Ўзбекистон Республикасида судьяларни интизомий жавобгарликка тортиш, юридик жавобгарликнинг бир тури сифатидаги аҳамияти, Ўзбекистон Республикаси қонунчилигида судьяларни интизомий жавобгарликка тортиш механизми қай даражада белгиланганлиги, судьялар интизомий жавобгарлигининг бошқа юридик жавобгарлик турларидан фарқли ва ўхшаш жиҳатлари, судьяларнинг интизомий жавобгарлиги асослари, таркиби  ва белгилари ёритилган. Муаллиф томонидан Ўзбекистон ва хорижий олимларнинг судьяларни интизомий жавобгарликка тортишга оид фикр-мулоҳазалари таҳлил қилиниб, илмий мунозарага киришилган. Жумладан, Ўзбекистон Республикасида судьяларни интизомий жавобгарликка тортишдаги айрим муаммолар атрофлича таҳлил қилиниб, илмий-назарий хулосаларга келинган.
LOCAL COMMUNITY ATTITUDES ON GANGA AS A TOURIST POTENTIAL OF THE RURAL AREA IN THE WEST HERZEGOVINA COUNTY
Authors:   Fakultet prirodoslovno-matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti Sveučilišta u Mostaru, Bazina Marina , Putica Džajić Jelena ,   Fakultet prirodoslovno-matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti Sveučilišta u Mostaru, Perutina Ivan ,   Fakultet prirodoslovno-matematičkih i odgojnih znanosti Sveučilišta u Mostaru
Published: February 2023

The subject of this research is the local community’s views on the intangible cultural heritage with an emphasis on the ganga, which could be a significant tourist potential of the rural area of the county. By entering the preliminary list of the intangible cultural heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the ganga becomes a recognizable part, but also an important factor in preserving the tradition of the people and the area in which it originated and in which it still lives. The analysis is based on data collected through empirical research from May to July 2021. The results of the research showed the dissatisfaction of the local community with the current evaluation of intangible cultural heritage, and it is considered necessary to integrate the ganga into the touristic offer of Herzegovina. Keywords: ganga; intangible cultural heritage; rural area; West Herzegovina County
GENDERED PERCEPTIONS OF MADNESS: FEMALE HYSTERIA AND MALE MELANCHOLY IN SHAKESPEARE’S HAMLET, MACBETH AND KING LEAR
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilište u Mostaru, DŽaja Matea , Dugandžić Nina ,   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Mostaru
Published: February 2023

Madness, as one of the most controversial and challenging Renaissance topics, was not only deeply influenced by its mediaeval heritage but also the mediaeval perceptions of dominating masculinity and subordinating, vulnerable femininity. Thus, the numerous Renaissance treatises feverishly tried to explain various and, often identical, mental disorders. However, this was done with difficulty. The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss the gendered perception of two of these mental disorders, namely female hysteria and male melancholy. Hysteria was primarily aestheticized and eroticized, while melancholy was intellectualized. As a man of his time, Shakespeare had surely been familiar with the gendered perception of madness. His portrayal of women in tragedies abounds in varieties due to his direct questioning of these categories. His first hysterical character, Ophelia, is unquestionably conventional while lady Macbeth challenges the established gender roles. King Lear, on the other hand, is a peculiar case of a man suffering from a female disease. Keywords: madness; hysteria; melancholy; Shakespeare; Ophelia; lady Macbeth; king Lear.
Investigation of the Influence of Skewed Slots and Degmagnetization Effects to Line Start Permanent Magnet Assistance Synchronous Reluctance Motors
Authors: Manh Tien Ho , Minh Dinh Bui , Minh Tu Pham , Quoc Vuong Dang
Published: February 2023

A permanent magnet assistance synchronous reluctance motor can start directly with a net voltage or a power converter via a torque control method. However, this motor has usually a higher irreversible demagnetization level in comparison with interior permanent magnet motors, due to the fewer permanent magnets in rotor slots. In order to cope with this disadvantage, different arrangements of permanent magnets in the rotor of the line-start permanent magnet assistance synchronous reluctance motor are proposed in this paper. The V magnet shape taking skewed slots and demagnetization effect into account with the short circuit current are investigated by the finite element approach. The efficiency, torque, and output power of the proposed model have been also improved. Finally, the rotor with 3V layered magnets is prototyped to verify the efficiency of the proposed motor.
Investigation of the Penetration Force of Disposable Sterile Needles through Biomedical Textile Surfaces
Authors: Kayahan Ersin , Ozbey Sayit , Kosa Ugur , Ilgaz Mehmet Alp , Corovic Selma
Published: February 2023

Disposable sterile needles are essential highly consumed medical tools. Medical needles are usually manufactured according to standardized protocols, which currently do not provide the specified minimum tolerance value of the penetration force which strongly depends on needle dimensions, needle cutting edge angle, and the type of the tissue surface to be penetrated. In the present study, experimental measurements were performed according to the ISO 7864 standard to investigate the needle-surface penetration effect via the experimental assessment of the influence of the needle dimensions, cutting edge angle, and three different types of biomedical textiles/artificial tissues (i.e. polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), and artificial leather (AL)) on the penetration force. The results indicate that the smaller the needle's cutting-edge angle, the smaller the penetration force across the target tissue surface. An exponential decaying relationship has been found between the penetration force and the needle diameter/gauge. The results also show that PP provides similar results to other materials that are already included in ISO 7864, and it has a good potential to be accepted as a standardized biomedical textile.
Best Fit versus Default Distribution and the Impact on the Reliability over the Design Lifetime of Hydraulic Structures
Authors: Krimil Farida , Bouchahm Nora , Tebbi Fatima Zohra
Published: February 2023

In the present study, Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) is performed on the daily inflows of a reservoir dam taken as a case study. The Peaks-Over-Threshold (POT) approach was adopted. A comparison between the default generalized Pareto distribution and the best distribution fitted to the data has been carried out. After the risk analysis, the reliability of the structure decreases to 25.60% for the chosen threshold values if the best distribution is adopted instead of the default fit.
Determinantes de la difusión tecnológica en el sector agrícola argentino
Authors: Gómez-Roca Sebastián
Published: February 2023

La agricultura de precisión refiere a un paquete tecnológico que permite adaptar la dosificación de insumos a las características cambiantes de los terrenos. Estas innovaciones se comenzaron a utilizar en la Argentina en la década de 1990, y si bien su difusión ha sido creciente aún no se encuentra consolidada. El presente trabajo estudia las variables asociadas a la agricultura de precisión a nivel departamental utilizando modelos fraccionales Probit y Logit. Este adhiere a una extensa literatura pero que se encuentra especializada en otros países. La evidencia más robusta aquí encontrada destaca la relevancia del tamaño de las superficies y el nivel de diversificación en las actividades.
El Agro 4.0
Authors: Lachman Jeremias , Braude Hernán , Monzón Jesica , López Santiago , Gómez-Roca Sebastián
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo se propone ofrecer un diagnóstico sobre las capacidades existentes y potenciales que presenta el ecosistema de innovación ligado al Agro 4.0 en Argentina. El estudio se llevó adelante a partir del relevamiento de información primaria y secundaria (datos estadísticos y documentos), tanto a nivel internacional como nacional; y de la conducción de entrevistas con empresas de larga trayectoria en el país y otras de reciente creación (startups), líderes de equipos de investigación de instituciones de ciencia y tecnología del país, referentes de actores intermedios vinculados a la agricultura, la maquinaria agrícola y la industria del software y hacedores de política pública del ámbito nacional y provincial. Los resultados del estudio señalan que el ecosistema local del Agro 4.0 se encuentra en proceso de maduración, como actores que disponen amplias capacidades tecnológicas. Sin embargo, hay poca articulación entre los diversos actores (e. g., instituciones de ciencia y técnica) y las empresas. El trabajo identifica diversos espacios de intervención públicos y de cooperación público-privado.
Corrección al artículo: origen de la cuña de Prandtl – mecanismo de falla usado para cimentaciones superficiales
Authors: Diaz-Segura Edgar Giovanny
Published: February 2023

Esta Corrección es para aclarar y sustituir las diferencias en el artículo del Volumen 23, Número 2, julio-diciembre, p. 107-122, Gaceta Técnica, entre lo publicado y lo que posteriormente envía el autor como aclaratorias a fin de que se proceda a publicar como enmienda. El Comité editorial no es responsable de estas diferencias
Vatan Olgusunun Zihinlerdeki İmgesi: Türk ve Mülteci Öğrenciler ile Yapılan Karşılaştırmalı Bir Metafor Araştırması
Authors: BALOGLU UGURLU Nihal , KARACA Şerife
Published: February 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokullarda öğrenim gören Türk ve mülteci öğrencilerin “vatan” kavramına yönelik metaforik algılarının tespiti ve karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırma deseni olarak nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim deseni benimsenmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama aracı, öğrencilerin vatan kavramına yönelik metaforik algılarının tespitini gerçekleştirmeye yönelik eksik bırakılmış cümlelerden oluşan bir metafor formudur. Araştırma 2021-2022 öğretim yılının Güz döneminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Niğde ve Kahramanmaraş İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı devlet okullarında öğrenim gören her sınıf düzeyindeki toplam 339 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türk ve mülteci öğrencilerin ürettikleri metaforların en fazla bulunduğu kategori “maddi ve manevi ihtiyaçların karşılandığı yer” kategorisidir. Buna karşın, Türk öğrencilerin “korkutucu, sonsuz olmayan ve yol gösterici/rehber” kategorisinde hiç metaforları yokken aynı durum mülteci öğrenciler için ise “güçlü ve bölünmez, uğruna mücadele edilen ve vazgeçilmez” kategorisinde geçerlidir. Araştırma, Sosyal Bilgiler dersinin öğrencilerin vatan algıları üzerindeki etkililiğinin dikkate alınarak düzenlenmesi yönündeki bakış açısını güçlendirmektedir.
The Impact of a Solar Extreme Event on the Middle Atmosphere, a Case Study
Authors: Reddmann Thomas , Sinnhuber Miriam , Wissing Jan Maik , Yakovchuk Olesya , Usoskin Ilya
Published: February 2023

Abstract. A possible impact of an extreme solar particle event (ESPE) on the middle atmosphere is studied for the present-day climate and geomagnetic conditions. We consider an ESPE with an occurrence probability of about 1 per millenium combined with an extreme geomagnetic storm (GMS) following the ESPE. The strongest known and best documented ESPE of 774/5 CE is taken as a reference example and established estimates of the corresponding ionization rates are applied. The ionization rates due to the energetic particle precipitation (EPP) during an extreme geomagnetic storm are up-scaled from analyzed distributions of electron energy spectra of observed geomagnetic storms. The consecutive buildup of NOx and HOx by the ionization is modeled in the high top 3D chemistry circulation model KASIMA, using specified dynamics from ERA-Interim analyses up to the stratopause. A specific dynamical situation was chosen which includes an elevated stratosphere event during January and maximizes the vertical coupling between the Northern polar mesosphere-lower thermosphere region and the stratosphere and therefore allows to estimate a maximum possible impact. The results show a strong enhancement of NOx which causes a substantial decrease of ozone in the mesosphere and stratosphere, and a significant decrease of total ozone in the Northern hemisphere in spring, enduring into the midlatitude summer after the event. The geomagnetic storm causes strong ozone reduction in the mesosphere but plays only a minor role for the reduction in total ozone. In the Southern hemisphere, the long-lived NOy in the polar stratosphere which is produced almost solely by the ESPE, is transported into the Antarctic polar vortex where it experiences strong denitrification into the troposphere. For this special case, we estimate a NO3 wash-out which could produce a measurable signal in ice cores. The reduction in total ozone causes an increase of the UV erythema dose of less than 5 % which maximizes in spring for Northern latitudes of 30° and in summer for Northern latitudes of about 60°.
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Authors: Wohlfahrt Georg , Hammerle Albin , Spielmann Felix M. , Kitz Florian , Yi Chuixiang
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In order to estimate the gross primary productivity (GPP)
of terrestrial ecosystems from the canopy uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS),
leaf relative uptake rate (LRU) of COS with respect to carbon dioxide
needs to be known a priori. Currently, the variability of LRU between plant
species in different biomes of the world is poorly understood, making the
choice of an appropriate LRU uncertain and hampering further progress
towards developing COS as a tracer of GPP. Here we propose a novel approach
for estimating light-saturated LRU based on plant optimality principles,
validate it against in situ leaf gas exchange measurements and provide global
monthly climatological estimates. The global vegetation season average
simulated LRUs fall into the 95 % range of 0.68–1.58 and are thus lower
than most other published global estimates. We advocate for these LRU estimates
to be adopted by global modellers in order to test to what degree these are
compatible with our current understanding of the sources and sinks in the
global COS budget.
Annual to seasonal glacier mass balance in High Mountain Asia derived from Pléiades stereo images: examples from the Pamir and the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Falaschi Daniel , Bhattacharya Atanu , Guillet Gregoire , Huang Lei , King Owen , Mukherjee Kriti , Rastner Philipp , Yao Tandong , Bolch Tobias
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Glaciers are crucial sources of freshwater in particular for the arid lowlands surrounding High Mountain Asia. In order to better constrain glacio-hydrological models, annual, or even better, seasonal information about glacier mass changes is highly beneficial. In this study, we test the suitability of very high-resolution Pleiades DEMs to measure glacier-wide mass balance at annual and seasonal scales in two regions of High Mountain Asia (Muztagh Ata in Eastern Pamir and parts of Western Nyainqêntanglha, South-central Tibetan Plateau), where recent estimates have shown contrasting glacier behavior. We find that the average annual mass balance in Muztagh Ata between 2020 and 2022 was -0.11 ±0.21 m w.e. a-1, suggesting the continuation of a recent phase of slight mass loss following a prolonged period of balanced mass budgets previously observed. The mean annual mass balance in Western Nyainqêntanglha for the same period was highly negative (-0.60 ±0.15 m w.e. a-1 on average), suggesting increased mass loss rates. The 2022 winter (+0.21 ±0.24 m w.e.) and summer (-0.31 ±0.15 m w.e.) mass budgets in Muztag Ata and Western Nyainqêntanglha (-0.04 ±0.27 m w.e. [winter]; -0.66 ±0.07 m w.e. [summer]) suggest winter and summer accumulation-type regimes, respectively. We support our findings by implementing a Sentinel-1–based Glacier Index to identify the firn and wet snow areas on glaciers and characterize accumulation type. The good match between the geodetic and Glacier Index results demonstrates the potential of very high-resolution Pleiades data to monitor mass balance at short time scales and improves our understanding of glacier accumulation regimes across High Mountain Asia.
The Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Attention Level in High School Students
Authors: Şimşek Hasan
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Smartphones are electronic devices that have an important place in our lives today and provide many conveniences. However, it can cause many problems such as distraction and social isolation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of smartphone use on attention levels in high school students.
Material-Methods: In the study, the smartphone addiction scale and Mesulam's cancellation tests were applied to 100 students, 68 women, and 32 men. Statistical analyzes were made with the obtained data.
Results: As the duration of smartphone use has increased, phone addiction has increased. Phone addiction is more common in males than in females. In addition, according to attention tests results, it was determined that as the phone use time increases, there is a distraction and the distraction is more in males.
Discussion and Conclusion: The use of smartphones may have a negative effect on the level of attention of high school students, who are the target audience of the smartphone market and are preparing for an important exam. Limiting smartphone use, especially social media, which increases smartphone addiction, can have a positive effect on the level of attention.
Buprenorfin Farmakokinetiğinde ve Farmakodinamiğinde Rol Oynayan Gen Polimorfizmleri: Genel Bakış
Authors: Kaya Akyüzlü Dilek
Published: February 2023

Buprenorfin opioid bağımlılığının tedavisinde etkili olmasına rağmen, opioid kullanıcıları arasında nüksetme ve/veya tedaviyi bırakmak gibi nedenlerle tedavi başarısızlığı oranı yüksektir. Bu da sağlık hizmetleri ve adalet açısından topluma önemli maliyetlere yol açmaktadır. Opioid kullanım bozukluğu için farmakoterapilerin etkinliğinin %60-70 arasında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Tedavi etkinliğini artırmak ve yüksek olan tedaviyi bırakma oranlarını azaltmak için, hastaların genetik profil gibi bireysel özelliklerinin daha detaylı anlaşılması önem arz etmektedir. Tedaviye yanıt verme ile ilaçların metabolizmasını, etki mekanizmasını ve taşınmasını düzenleyen genetik varyantlar arasında bir etkileşim olduğu yaygın olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, hastaya göre tedavi uygulaması, tedavi sonuçlarının iyileştirmesi ve ayrıca tedavi başarısızlığı riski yüksek olan bağımlılarda daha uzun süren yoksunluk dönemlerininin kolaylaştırılması için iyi bir yaklaşım olacaktır. Opioid kullanım bozukluğu tedavisinde buprenorfin dozunun bireyselleştirilmesi ve buprenorfin dozu ile etkinlik arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak için daha fazla çalışmaya gerek vardır.
Corruption & Healthcare in Africa: A Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Paying of Bribe on Access to Medical Care and the Quality of Healthcare in Africa
Authors: Dzordzormenyoh Michael K.
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of the present study is to examine the predictors of access to medical care and the quality of healthcare in Africa. Specifically, assessing the effect of corruption – paying bribes and other factors on access to medical care and the quality of healthcare on the continent. Responses from 45,823 respondents from 34 countries across the continent were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. The results reveal that corruption influences both access to medical care and the quality of healthcare on the continent. Additionally, several sociodemographic variables such as religion, age, region, rural-urban residency, gender, and others influence access to medical care and the quality of healthcare in Africa. Theoretically, the present study fills a void and augments the existing literature. Policy-wise, the results serve as a guide to formulating and implementing realistic measures to address healthcare corruption and its negative impact on access to medical care and the quality of healthcare on the continent.
The Federal Response to the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Witherell Alexus
Published: February 2023

The opioid epidemic has been a major public health crisis since the 1990s but was only declared a federal public health emergency in 2017. Since then, the federal government has increased funding to states for programs to address opioid use and overdose deaths. Despite the increased funding in the past five years, opioid-related overdose deaths continue to rise.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) is the major federal agency responsible for allocating federal funds to opioid use disorder prevention, treatment, and personnel training programs. In 2021, SAMHSA allocated funding for opioid use disorder through eleven grant programs with a total of 330 grant awards, amounting to over $150 million. My analysis of 2021 SAMHSA grants aims to identify how funds for opioid use disorder are allocated, examine the relationship between opioid-related overdose deaths and the amount of funding allocated to states, and suggest potential gaps in funding.
Ultimately, my research has found that treatment-focused programs were prioritized over prevention and education or training programs by SAMHSA funding. In 2021, treatment programs accounted for 223 of the 330 individual SAMHSA grant awards for opioid use disorder and 100% of grant awards received by nonprofit organizations. Medication-Assisted Treatment is the most commonly funded program among these grant awards.
Additionally, states with a higher number of opioid-related overdose deaths are more likely to receive higher funding from SAMHSA grants (p<.001). Conversely, states with higher overdose death crude rates per 100,000 people did not receive adequate funding relative to the size of the population, creating gaps in accessibility to care. Additional gaps in opioid use disorder programs exist due to the downstream focus of funded interventions, neglecting upstream interventions.
The data in my research are limited and therefore cannot draw broader conclusions as to how funding influences overdose deaths over time.
Pharmacological correction of white rats liver damage in aflatoxin B1 poisoning
Authors: Matrosova L. E. , Dombrovsky V. O. , Tanaseva S. A. , Tarasova E. Yu. , Ermolaeva O. K. , Erohondina M. A.
Published: February 2023

Aflatoxin B1 is a hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic compound. It is one of the common mycotoxins that causes various pathological conditions in humans and animals such as acute and chronic liver damage, neurological disorders, neoplasms and reproductive disorders.The present work was aimed to study the preventive effect of a dietary supplement based on milk thistle flour, succinic acid, bentonite, probiotic strain B. subtilis, vitamins A and E in experimental aflatoxicosis of laboratory animals. The experiments were carried out on 24 white rats, divided according to the principle of analogues into 4 groups. The first group - biological control, the second group - toxic control, the third and fourth groups were given medications against mycotoxin. White rats were injected with aflatoxin B1 with food at a dose of 500 µg/kg for 10 days. The treatments effectiveness was assessed by clinical signs of experimental animals and hemato-biochemical analysis. The level of exposure to aflatoxin B1 was evaluated by the state of the liver. The use of a biologically active additive significantly reduced the toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 on the animal organism, prevented a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin, leukocytes and erythrocytes, an increase in platelets, the activity of aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), alkaline phosphatase and malonic daldehyde. There were no pathoana tomic changes in the internal organs of animals receiving a biologically active supplement.The results of the experiment indicate the high therapeutic efficacy of the biologically active additive used in aflatoxicosis, due to the multicomponent composition.
Morphological spectrum of the blood of hypotrophic calves against the background of the use of the drug interamin
Authors: Vostroilova G. A. , Parshin P. A. , Khokhlova N. A. , Zhukov M. S. , Parkhomenko Yu. S.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the work is to study the effect of the complex drug interamin on the morphological blood indicators of calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. The object of the study were newborn calves, which were divided into 4 groups. The calves of the first experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered the complex drug interamin subcutaneously, five times on days 1, 3, 8-14, 18-24 and 56-60 of life at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal body weight. The calves of the second experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered "Biferon-B" subcutaneously, according to the above scheme. The calves of the third (n=10, negative control, hypotrophic calves) and fourth (n=10, control, normotrophic calves) groups were not treated with drugs. On the first day after birth, as well as on days 7, 30 of life and 5-10 days after the transfer to the rearing group, venous blood samples were taken from calves to assess its morphological composition. It has been established that hematological failures develop the calves with antenatal hypotrophy, manifested in the form of hypochromic anemia and a tendency to pancytopenia. The use of the drug interamin contributed to the activation of hematopoietic processes in calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. Thus, the number of erythrocytes in calves treated with interamin was significantly higher by 10.2, 7.6, 31.0% than in the calves from the negative control group, and the hemoglobin level from 7 to 60 days of life was within the reference range for these ages of this animal species. At the age of 7 days, against the background of the introduction of interamin, the number of leukocytes also increased by 6.4%, with a decrease in stab neutrophils by 52.5%, and segmented neutrophils – by 20.1%, with an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes by 39.4% relative to those in calves from the negative control group, and did not significantly differ from the indicators of normotrophic calves.
Right coronary artery of the heart of a newborn Yorkshire pig
Authors: Khvatov V. A. , Shchipakin M. V. , Bylinskaya D. S.
Published: February 2023

The study of the heart, as well as its blood supply, is of particular scientific interest in the field of veterinary and human morphology due to the widespread use of pigs as experimental animals in transplantology. Knowledge of the breed and age anatomical, topographic and morphometric characteristics of the coronary arteries of the heart will allow us to use the data obtained by us not only for experimental and scientific purposes, but also in veterinary practice for the prevention and treatment of pathologies of the cardiovascular system of pigs. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of our study is to study the anatomical, topographic and morphometric characteristics of the right coronary artery of the heart of newborn piglets of the Yorkshire breed at the age of one to three days.The material for the study was the corpses of newborn piglets aged one to three days, who fell after internal non-different diseases of unknown etiology. The cadaveric material was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy from private farms in the Leningrad Region. In total, ten corpses of newborn pigs of the Yorkshire breed were examined. The methods for the study were: fine anatomical preparation, morphometry using an Elitech electronic caliper with a division value of 0.02 mm, made in the USA and the manufacture of a corrosive preparation based on latex milk with subsequent processing sodium hydroxide. The processing of the obtained morphometric data was carried out in the Excel program.According to the results of the study, it was found that in newborn piglets of the Yorkshire breed at the age of one to three days, the right coronary artery has such main branches as the right diagonal and right subsinus arteries. The right coronary artery in the studied animals is involved in the blood supply to the wall and cavity of the right ventricle, the wall and cavity of the right atrium with its heart auricle, the interventricular septum, and also the right anterior surface of the wall of the left ventricle. It has been determined that the heart of newborn piglets of the Yorkshire breed has a uniform type of blood supply to the heart with a slight dominance of the right coronary artery over the left.