bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public health, induced abortion, and spontaneous abortion
Authors: Simkulet William
Published: August 2021

Bruce P. Blackshaw and Daniel Rodger contend that if we assume fetuses are persons, then abortion is a public health crisis that justifies overriding a gestational mother's rights and compelling her to carry the fetus to term, but dawdle addressing greater public health crises like spontaneous abortion and hunger. They draw a distinction between deliberate and indeliberate harm to justify restricting rights in the former, but not the latter; but such distinction fails to justify restricting rights in most public health crises. Furthermore, it fails to justify curtailing abortion rights as unwilling gestational mothers might deliberately induce abortion in self‐defense, merely indeliberately harming the fetus.
Bayesian adaptive trial design for a continuous biomarker with possibly nonlinear or nonmonotone prognostic or predictive effects
Authors: Liu Yusha , Kairalla John A. , Renfro Lindsay A.
Published: August 2021

As diseases like cancer are increasingly understood on a molecular level, clinical trials are being designed to reveal or validate subpopulations in which an experimental therapy has enhanced benefit. Such biomarker‐driven designs, particularly “adaptive enrichment” designs that initially enroll an unselected population and then allow for later restriction of accrual to “marker‐positive” patients based on interim results, are increasingly popular. Many biomarkers of interest are naturally continuous, however, and most existing design approaches either require upfront dichotomization or force monotonicity through algorithmic searches for a single marker threshold, thereby excluding the possibility that the continuous biomarker has a nondisjoint and truly nonlinear or nonmonotone prognostic relationship with outcome or predictive relationship with treatment effect. To address this, we propose a novel trial design that leverages both the actual shapes of any continuous marker effects (both prognostic and predictive) and their corresponding posterior uncertainty in an adaptive decision‐making framework. At interim analyses, this marker knowledge is updated and overall or marker‐driven decisions are reached such as continuing enrollment to the next interim analysis or terminating early for efficacy or futility. Using simulations and patient‐level data from a multi‐center Children's Oncology Group trial in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, we derive the operating characteristics of our design and compare its performance to a traditional approach that identifies and applies a dichotomizing marker threshold.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzo[b]thiophene 1,1‐dioxide derivatives as potent STAT3 inhibitors
Authors: Li Wen‐Zhen , Xi Hui‐Zhi , Wang Yi‐Jie , Ma Hong‐Bo , Cheng Zhi‐Qiang , Yang Yu , Wu Meng‐Ling , Liu Ting‐Mei , Yang Wen , Wang Qin , Liao Meng‐Ya , Xia Yong , Zhang Yi‐Wen
Published: August 2021

As a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, STAT3 plays a critical role in several biological pathways such as cell proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation. Due to abnormal continuous activation in tumors, inhibition of STAT3 has emerged as an attractive approach for the treatment of various cancer cells. Herein, we report a series of novel STAT3 inhibitors based on benzo[b]thiophene 1,1‐dioxide scaffold and evaluated their anticancer potency. Among them, compound 8b exhibited the best activity against cancer cells. Compound 8b induced apoptosis and blocked the cell cycle. Meanwhile, 8b reduced intracellular ROS content and caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further research revealed that 8b significantly blocked STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3‐dependent dual‐luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that compound 8b has a marked inhibition of STAT3‐mediated Firefly luciferase activity. Molecular modeling studies revealed compound 8b occupied the pocket well with the SH2 domain in a favorable conformation.
A microdosing framework for absolute bioavailability assessment of poorly soluble drugs: A case study on cold‐labeled venetoclax, from chemistry to the clinic
Authors: Alaarg Amr , Menon Rajeev , Rizzo David , Liu Yemin , Bien Jeffrey , Elkinton Tricia , Grieme Timothy , Asmus Lutz R. , Salem Ahmed Hamed
Published: August 2021

This work presents an end‐to‐end approach for assessing the absolute bioavailability of highly hydrophobic, poorly water‐soluble compounds that exhibit high nonspecific binding using venetoclax as a model drug. The approach utilizes a stable labeled i.v. microdose and requires fewer resources compared with traditional approaches that use radioactive 14C‐labeled compounds. The stable labeled venetoclax and internal standard were synthesized, then an i.v. formulation was developed. In the clinical study, female subjects received a single oral dose of venetoclax 100 mg followed by a 100‐µg i.v. dose of cold‐labeled 13C‐venetoclax at the oral time of maximum concentration (Tmax). The i.v. microdose was prepared as an extemporaneous, sterile compounded solution on the dosing day by pharmacists at the clinical site. Several measures were taken to ensure the sterility and safety of the i.v. preparation. A sensitive liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to allow the detection of plasma levels from the i.v. microdose. Plasma samples were collected through 72 h, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods. Postdosing sample analysis demonstrated the consistency of the preparations and allowed the precise calculation of the pharmacokinetic parameters based on the actual injected dose. The absolute bioavailability of venetoclax was estimated at 5.4% under fasting conditions. Venetoclax extraction ratio was estimated to be 0.06 suggesting that the fraction transferred from the enterocytes into the liver is limiting venetoclax bioavailability. The proposed framework can be applied to other highly hydrophobic, poorly water‐soluble compounds that exhibit high nonspecific binding to support the understanding of their absorption and disposition mechanisms and guide formulation development.
Parents of children with disabilities and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Her Majesty Queen Mathilde
Published: August 2021

Dutch, French, and German translations of this editorial are available in the online issue.
Aestivation as a response to climate change: the Great Banded Grayling Brintesia circe in Central Europe
Authors: Birch Robert J. , Markl Gregor , Gottschalk Thomas K.
Published: August 2021

1. Climate change has forced species to shift distribution, alter migration behaviour, or change phenology. One of these adaptation strategies is aestivation to overcome hot, dry summers. For example, the abundance of the Great Banded Grayling Brintesia circe Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in Southern Germany used to show one flight peak between June and August, while now, a bimodal phenological record suggests 3–4 weeks of aestivation during the driest summer weeks.

2. To study this new phenomenon, a capture‐mark‐recapture study was performed in two nature reserves in Southern Germany during 92 days in 2019 and 2020. Gender, wing condition, and exact location of individuals of B. circe were recorded. These data show that in June (first flight period), 76%, 481 of 635 captured individuals were males, while in late August and September (second flight period), ≥95%, 452 of 462 were females. No individual marked during the first flight period was recaptured during the second flight period.

3. The results imply that mating takes place during the first flight period only, especially females aestivate, probably to avoid oviposition during the hottest and driest parts of the summer and that an unknown part of the population may disperse out or into the investigated habitats. This behaviour appears to have changed during the last decades probably as an adaptation to climate change. Females of B. circe are forced to oviposit later in summer as earlier eggs laid during hotter and drier times are less likely to develop successfully.
Diagnosis of upper respiratory tract disorders in horses using a cheap, smartphone‐connected, flexible and steerable borescope
Authors: Neuckermans Z. , Paulussen E. , Verhaeghe L.‐M. , van Loon G.
Published: August 2021

Background

Endoscopy is essential for the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders in horses but equipment is expensive. An industrial borescope might be used to visualise the URT when an endoscope is not available.

Objectives

To investigate the applicability of a cheap, smartphone‐connected, flexible and steerable borescope to perform URT endoscopy in horses.

Study design

Prospective descriptive study.

Methods

In horses with a clinical indication, endoscopy was first performed with a borescope and subsequently with a veterinary endoscope, which was used as gold standard. Typical URT structures of interest (depending on clinical signs) were digitally recorded. Recordings of both examinations were reviewed by a blinded observer.

Results

One hundred horses underwent both endoscopic examinations via the right (n = 100) and left (n = 24) nasal passage. In 81/83 attempts, the ethmoidal labyrinth and sinus ostia were visualised on the right side and in 22/24 attempts on the left side. Pharyngeal and laryngeal structures could always be visualised except in 6 horses where the tip of the epiglottis could not be seen due to technical failure of the steering mechanism. In 66/72 attempts, the trachea could be visualised proximally, of which the carina was visualised in 59. Borescope and endoscope grading scores for pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, recurrent laryngeal neuropathy and tracheal mucus were identical in 88/100, 93/100 and 48/59 horses, respectively. The remainder differed only one or two subgrades. The borescope was replaced halfway through the study as the steering mechanism started to fail after 45 to 50 examinations.

Main limitations

Lack of reliability and the absence of a working channel of this particular borescope model.

Conclusions

A flexible, steerable borescope, connected to a smartphone, allows visualising specific parts of the URT in horses.
Skin microbiome alterations in seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff: A systematic review
Authors: Tao Rong , Li Ruoyu , Wang Ruojun
Published: August 2021

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and dandruff (DF) are common chronic inflammatory skin diseases characterized by recurrent greasy scales, sometimes with erythema and itchiness. Although the exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unclear, current theories highlight the role of microbes on the skin surface in the pathogenesis of SD. Here, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the skin microbiome alterations in patients with SD/DF. We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for research studies published in English between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2020. A total of 12 studies with 706 SD/DF samples and 379 healthy samples were included in this study. The scalp and face were predominated by the fungi of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and the bacteria of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. In general, the included studies demonstrated an increased Malassezia restricta/Malassezia globosa ratio and a reduction in the Cutibaterium/Staphylococcus ratio in the setting of SD/DF. Staphylococcus was associated with epidermal barrier damage, including elevated levels of trans‐epidermal water loss and pH, while Cutibacterium had a positive correlation with water content. Malassezia was also found to be related to an increased itching score and disease severity. Further studies focusing on the interactions between various microbes and the host and microbes can help us to better understand the pathogenesis of SD/DF.
Influence of antibiotics given during labour and birth on body mass index z scores in children in the All Our Families pregnancy cohort
Authors: Klancic Teja , Black Amanda M. , Reimer Raylene A.
Published: August 2021

Background/objectives

Little is known about obesity risk associated with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Our objective was to determine if maternal antibiotic exposure during birth is associated with child body mass index (BMI) z scores in the first 3 years of life.

Methods

In 2008 to 2010, 3388 pregnant women were recruited to the All Our Families study. Here, we included women with available data from obstetrical records on antibiotic use during birth (n = 1303) and children with at least one valid BMI z score (final sample n = 1262). The primary outcome was infant BMI z score at 1, 2 and 3 years of age.

Results

IAP occurred in 432 of 1262 women. Children exposed to IAP had significantly higher mean [standard error (SE)] BMI z scores (1.071 [0.087] unit) at 1 year of age compared to non‐exposed infants (0.744 [0.064] unit). Although the association was no longer significant after adjustment for confounding factors in the growth trajectory model, IAP resulted in a 0.255 unit increase in BMI z score at 1 year of age. Differences in BMI z score between exposed and non‐exposed at baseline (year 1) only remained significant in sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

The potential association between maternal IAP and increased infant BMI z score at 1 year of age should be confirmed in other cohorts and warrants investigation of interventions to mitigate this possible risk.
Janus composites particles: Prepared via cross‐linking driven one‐step miniemulsion polymerization and as film‐forming material
Authors: Gao Dangge , Zhao Zhouyang , Lyu Bin , Ma Jianzhong , Chang Rui
Published: August 2021

A kind of Janus polyacrylate (PA)/SiO2 composite latex particles named Janus C‐PA/SiO2 CLPs were prepared via cross‐linking driven in the course of miniemulsion process. The Janus particles with snowman shape were obtained under optimized cross‐linking agent content and silicon source content, and they were used to prepare the film. The properties and microstructure of this film were in comparison with the cross‐linked PA latex particles (C‐PA LPs) without SiO2 nanoparticles and irregular PA/SiO2 composites particles (PA/SiO2 CLPs) without a cross‐linker. The SEM‐EDS results demonstrated that the Si element distribution in the Janus C‐PA/SiO2 film was more uniform than conventional PA/SiO2 film. The AFM results indicated that the twist‐like film were distributed throughout the region, and the Janus C‐PA/SiO2 film had a roughness of 13.4nm. Additionally, the tensile strength and water resistance of the Janus C‐PA/SiO2 film were at least 142.65% and 91% higher than that of the other two films, and it also had the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of 403.14°C. Based on the research results, the relationship between the latex particle structure and film properties was obtained.
A mixed methods evaluation of Girls' Talk+: A sexuality education programme for girls with mild intellectual disabilities
Authors: van den Toren Suzanne J. , de Haas Stans , Dalmijn Eline , Feenstra Hans , van Berlo Willy
Published: August 2021

Background

Girls with a mild intellectual disability generally receive less sexuality education than their non‐disabled peers, while their needs for sexual knowledge are possibly greater. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and process of a new sexuality education programme (Girls' Talk+), focused on sexual health among girls with a mild intellectual disability in the Netherlands.

Methods

A mixed methods approach was applied, using participant questionnaires (n = 249), logs written by trainers (n = 17) and interviews with trainers (n = 10). Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were used to analyse the quantitative data. Several coding phases were used to analyse the interviews.

Results and conclusions

This study provides some indication that Girls' Talk+ has positive results on improving knowledge, attitude, and self‐efficacy in relation to sexual health as well as trainer and participant satisfaction with the programme.
Excitotoxic stimulation activates distinct pathogenic and protective expression signatures in the hippocampus
Authors: Caba Ebru , Sherman Marcus D. , Farizatto Karen L. G. , Alcira Britney , Wang Hsin‐wei , Giardina Charles , Shin Dong‐Guk , Sandefur Conner I. , Bahr Ben A.
Published: August 2021

Excitotoxic events underlying ischaemic and traumatic brain injuries activate degenerative and protective pathways, particularly in the hippocampus. To understand opposing pathways that determine the brain's response to excitotoxicity, we used hippocampal explants, thereby eliminating systemic variables during a precise protocol of excitatory stimulation. N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) was applied for 20 min and total RNA isolated one and 24 h later for neurobiology‐specific microarrays. Distinct groups of genes exhibited early vs. delayed induction, with 63 genes exclusively reduced 24‐h post‐insult. Egr‐1 and NOR‐1 displayed biphasic transcriptional modulation: early induction followed by delayed suppression. Opposing events of NMDA‐induced genes linked to pathogenesis and cell survival constituted the early expression signature. Delayed degenerative indicators (up‐regulated pathogenic genes, down‐regulated pro‐survival genes) and opposing compensatory responses (down‐regulated pathogenic genes, up‐regulated pro‐survival genes) generated networks with temporal gene profiles mirroring coexpression network clustering. We then used the expression profiles to test whether NF‐κB, a potent transcription factor implicated in both degenerative and protective pathways, is involved in the opposing responses. The NF‐κB inhibitor MG‐132 indeed altered NMDA‐mediated transcriptional changes, revealing components of opposing expression signatures that converge on the single response element. Overall, this study identified counteracting avenues among the distinct responses to excitotoxicity, thereby suggesting multi‐target treatment strategies and implications for predictive medicine.
In Their Own Words: The Impact of Indirect Trauma Exposure on Judges Presiding Over Cases Involving Minors Involved in Sex Trafficking
Authors: Sprang Ginny , Cole Jennifer , Leistner Christine
Published: August 2021

Though secondary traumatic stress has been researched extensively among professionals working with youth in diverse professions, there is limited information about judicial experiences working with trafficked youth. This qualitative study involves 82 interviews with juvenile and family court judges to understand the impact of indirect trauma exposure. Over 80% of respondents describe symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and countertransference responses. Notably, 20% with these symptoms also reported increased professional pride in their role performance with these cases. Implications for how judges can address the effects of indirect exposure are offered based on the literature and the recommendations of the respondents.
Dynamic model to describe kinetic behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in smoked salmon
Authors: Kang Joohyun , Oh Hyemin , Lee Yewon , Lee Heeyoung , Lee Soomin , Kim Sejeong , Ha Jimyeong , Choi Yukyung , Kim Yujin , Seo Yeongeun , Park Eunyoung , Kim Hyunjung , Yoon Yohan
Published: August 2021

In this study, the dynamic model was developed to describe cell counts of Listeria monocytogenes in smoked salmon under distribution conditions. A 9‐strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated in smoked salmon at 3–4 Log CFU/g. The inoculated samples were stored at 4°C, 10°C, and 20°C for up to 16 days, and the bacterial cell counts were enumerated on PALCAM agar. The Baranyi model was fitted to the L. monocytogenes cell counts to calculate the lag phase duration (LPD; hr) and maximum growth rate (μmax; Log CFU/g/hr). LPD was 74.22 hr at 4°C, and the value was rapidly decreased to 4.84 hr at 20°C as temperature increased. μmax ranged from 0.01 to 0.13 Log CFU/g/hr, depending on the storage temperature. The kinetic parameters were fitted with secondary models as a function of temperature. Cell counts predicted by the developed model were compared with the predicted cell counts obtained at 8°C and 15°C, and the differences between predicted and observed cell counts were indicated by root mean square error (RMSE). The dynamic model was then developed with the kinetic parameters derived from the secondary model and simulated the L. monocytogenes growth. RMSE (0.368) indicates that the model performance was appropriate. These results suggest that the developed kinetic models can be useful in predicting the fates of L. monocytogenes in smoked salmon under the dynamic conditions of storage temperature and time.
Culinary medicine and culinary nutrition education for individuals with the capacity to influence health related behaviour change: A scoping review
Authors: Asher Roberta C , Shrewsbury Vanessa A , Bucher Tamara , Collins Clare E
Published: August 2021

Background

Culinary medicine (CM) or culinary nutrition (CN) education provided to professionals with the capacity to influence behaviour change is an emerging strategy to promote diet quality and reduce the burden of diet related chronic disease in adults. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesise current research describing CM/CN education provided to or by health, education and culinary professionals, or students of these disciplines.

Methods

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was used. Eleven electronic databases were searched in March 2019. Included studies were: (i) nutrition, health or lifestyle programs with a CM/CN component; (ii) study participants or programs facilitated by people working or training in health, community and/or adult education, or culinary roles where facilitator training was described; (iii) reported in the English language; and (iv) published from 2003.

Results

In total, 33 studies were included. Nineteen studies delivered programs to general population groups and were facilitated by health professionals and/or health university students. Fourteen studies delivered CM/CN training to health professionals or students. Studies reported changes in participants' culinary skill and nutrition knowledge (n = 18), changes in dietary intake (n = 13), attitudes and behaviour change in healthy eating and cooking (n = 4), and competency in nutrition counselling and knowledge (n = 7).

Conclusions

Further research examining the effectiveness of CM/CN programs, and that describes optimal content, format and timing of the programs, is needed. Research evaluating the impact of training in CM/CN to education and culinary professionals on healthy cooking behaviours of their patients/clients is warranted.
Modulation of tongue motion and tongue pressure during liquid swallowing with different bolus volumes
Authors: Kodama Shohei , Fujiwara Shigehiro , Okawa Jumpei , Shitara Satoko , Hori Kazuhiro , Ono Takahiro
Published: August 2021

Background

The tongue functions by modulating according to bolus volume when swallowing; however, associated tongue dynamics are unclear.

Objective

We aimed to clarify how tongue motion and tongue pressure change with bolus volume during swallowing.

Methods

Sixteen healthy volunteers (age 29.5 ± 3.8 years; 12 males, 4 females) were recruited. Two electromagnetic articulography markers were attached, one each on the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue, to measure motion. A sensor sheet, with five pressure‐sensitive points, was attached to the hard palate to measure tongue pressure. Participants were asked to swallow 3 ml and 10 ml of water. Motion trajectory, maximum velocity, vertical displacement just before contact with the hard palate, and maximum magnitude and duration of tongue pressure were analysed.

Results

Tongue rotation was observed in the sagittal plane; its rate of appearance was significantly higher when swallowing 3 ml of water than when swallowing 10 ml, and the rate of rotation at posterior part was significantly higher than at the anterior part. The maximum velocity and vertical displacement were significantly greater when swallowing 10 ml of water than those when swallowing 3 ml of water. There was no significant difference in either the maximum magnitude of tongue pressure or maximum duration of tongue pressure between 3 ml and 10 ml.

Conclusion

Bolus volume influenced the pattern of tongue motion; however, there was no difference in tongue pressure.
Development of pre and post‐operative nomograms to predict individual survival for ideal liver resection candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Jinshu , Zeng Jianxing , Liu Jingfeng , Zeng Jinhua
Published: August 2021

Background

Liver resection is currently the only recommended treatment option for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage, with well‐preserved liver function and no clinically significant portal hypertension. However, this population is heterogeneous, rendering it crucial to develop a risk stratification tool. Therefore, this study aimed to develop preoperative and post‐operative nomograms to predict individual survival and stratify patient risk in the ideal candidates for liver resection.

Methods

A total of 1405 ideal liver resection candidates were recruited. Independent risk factors were identified by Cox regression model and used to establish two ideal liver resection for overall survival (IROS) nomograms in training cohort. Model performance was assessed by discrimination, calibration, clinical usefulness. The two model also compared with six other prognostic nomograms and six other staging systems.

Results

Multivariate COX analysis revealed that ALP, ln(AFP), NrLR, PNI, ln(tumor size), microvascular invasion, Edmondson‐Steiner grade and tumour capsular were the independent risk factors associated with mortality. 5 preoperative variables were incorporated to construct IROS‐pre model; All eight available variables were used to draw IROS‐post model. The C‐index, K‐index, time‐dependent AUC and DCA of the two models showed significantly better predictive performances than other models. The models could stratify patients into three different risk groups. The web‐based tools are convenient for clinical practice.

Conclusions

These two nomograms were developed to estimate survival probability and stratify three strata with significantly different outcomes, outperforming other models in training and validation cohorts, as well as different subgroups. Both IROS models will help guide individualized follow‐up.
Hegel’s metaphilosophy of idealism
Authors: Chambers James
Published: August 2021

If, as Hegel claims, all philosophy is idealism, then defining his philosophy in these terms makes his idealism a metaphilosophy. This most obvious fact about his definition is the most overlooked. It is the key to a definitive, comprehensive and clear‐cut interpretation of Hegel’s idealism. If Hegel defines all philosophy as idealism and thus his own idealism as a metaphilosophy, then his own idealism must be both the same as the old philosophies in this respect and also different in the sense that it embodies self‐conscious awareness. Hegel divides philosophy into pre‐reflective, pre‐speculative, unconscious idealism and his own reflective, speculative, thus self‐conscious, absolute idealism. Missing this obvious fact is the Achilles’ heel of Stern’s non‐mentalistic interpretation in the only other in‐depth study of this topic, the object of this article’s critique. If Hegel’s idealism is a metaphilosophy, then it is a radical mentalistic ontology of mind and its thoughts.
Senile plaque calcification of the lamina circumvoluta medullaris in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schober Ralf , Hilbrich Isabel , Jäger Carsten , Holzer Max
Published: August 2021

Vascular calcification is a common phenomenon in the elderly, predominantly appearing in the basal ganglia and in the lamina circumvoluta medullaris of the hippocampus. Calcifications are not an inherent feature of Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, a rare presenile type of dementia with symmetrical Fahr‐type calcifications and numerous neurofibrillary tangles without senile plaques has been described by Kosaka in 1994 and was termed “diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification” (DNTC). We here report a case of Alzheimer's disease with calcifications both in the basal ganglia and in the lamina circumvoluta medullaris of the hippocampus, differing from DNTC by the presence of senile plaques. The calcifications in the hippocampus were not only vascular in nature but also covered amyloid‐β‐ and phosphorylated tau‐positive plaque‐like structures that were linearly arranged along the dentate fascia in the CA1 sector, an unusual finding of pathogenetic interest.
Disciplinary power on daily practices of nurses and physicians in the hospital
Authors: Mattar e Silva Tauana W. , McLean Donna , Velloso Isabela C.
Published: August 2021

To understand power relations, it is important to consider that power is an attribute, and whoever has it at a given moment is in the condition of dominant and whoever is under its exercise is dominated. Moreover, we must consider that these positions are interchangeable, changing when relations of force change. Power relations represent the pursuit of supremacy through knowledge, with struggles for better positioning in the social structure. In this study, we analyze the effects of disciplinary power on daily practices of nurses and physicians in the hospital environment, more specifically in intensive care units. From the perspective of disciplines, power is exercised in a discreet, modest, calculated and permanent way, through the establishment of rules and norms. In this context, despite the strong appreciation of a medical‐centered model, it is observed that nurses gain visibility through knowledge and the defense of institutional norms and rules, which can generate tensions in daily professional practices.
Cover Image
Authors: Giovannoni Moira , Marti Lucia , Ferrari Simone , Tanaka‐Takada Natsuki , Maeshima Masayoshi , Ott Thomas , De Lorenzo Giulia , Mattei Benedetta
Published: August 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article The plasma membrane–associated Ca2+ ‐binding protein, PCaP1, is required for oligogalacturonide and flagellin‐induced priming and immunity by Moira Giovannoni et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14118.

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Inside Cover Image
Authors: Liu Sijia , Wang Cuilin , Liu Xuedong , Navas‐Castillo Jesús , Zang Lianyi , Fan Zaifeng , Zhu Xiaoping , Zhou Tao
Published: August 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article Tomato chlorosis virus–encoded p22 suppresses auxin signalling to promote infection via interference with SKP1‐Cullin‐F‐boxTIR1 complex assembly by Sijia Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14125.

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Utilization of the Boston Children’s Hospital SRTR Cohort Visualization Tool to increase team understanding of reporting cohorts
Authors: Kimball Brendan , O’Melia Laura , Jonas Maureen M. , Cannistraro Sabrina , Kim Heung Bae
Published: August 2021

Background

While reviewing outcomes metrics and data from the SRTR, it became apparent that prospective assessment of the SRTR reporting cohorts would be an important proactive strategy for internal quality control. It was particularly important to identify the number of patient deaths and graft failures within 1 year of transplant that would result in being flagged by the UNOS and the MPSC.

Methods

A simple Microsoft Excel line graph was created to visually display retrospective, current, and future SRTR cohorts. Data provided by the SRTR CUSUM (https://securesrtr.transplant.hrsa.gov/srtr‐reports/cusum‐charts/) Reports and the SRTR 1 Year Expected Survival Excel Worksheet (https://securesrtr.transplant.hrsa.gov/srtr‐reports/current‐release/) were leveraged to identify whether programs were in jeopardy of being flagged by UNOS/MPSC for outcomes.

Results & Conclusions

The creation of this visual tool has greatly improved team understanding of SRTR report cohorts, as well as the risk of being flagged by regulatory agencies, for adverse outcomes.
Sun protection behaviour in organ transplant recipients and non‐transplant patients attending a dermatology outpatient clinic in Sweden: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Stenman Caroline , Gillstedt Martin , Barck Lykke , Gonzalez Helena , Halldin Christina , Wallinder Andreas , Paoli John , Osmancevic Amra , Claeson Magdalena
Published: August 2021

Background/purpose

Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at high risk of developing skin cancer and are therefore advised to protect their skin against ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Specialized OTR clinics with dermatological follow‐up may improve sun habits among OTRs. In this study, we compared self‐reported sun exposure and sun protection behaviour between OTRs and non‐transplant patients (non‐TPs) and between OTRs with and without special dermatological follow‐up.

Methods

Patients from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, completed a sun exposure questionnaire. Between 2011 and 2015, 282 OTRs transplanted in the period 1976‐2014 and 414 non‐TPs were recruited among dermatological outpatients. Participants were stratified into five groups by their status as OTRs or non‐TPs and by attendance to dermatological follow‐up.

Results

More non‐TPs than OTRs reported one or more sunburns in the past year, 46% vs. 20%, P < .0001). More OTRs with than OTRs without dermatological follow‐up reported frequent use of sunscreens (63% vs 44%, P = .006). More OTRs with follow‐up used one or more sun protection measure such as covering clothes, than other OTRs (54% vs 34%, P = .016).

Conclusion

In this study, OTRs reported less sun exposure than non‐TPs. Specialized dermatological follow‐up seems to improve sun protection behaviour among OTRs. We suggest that specialized OTR clinics should be more broadly implemented.
Indirect standardization for rare events and a dynamic standard population rate: An analysis and simulation of U.S. military suicide mortality rates
Authors: Smolenski Derek J. , Balcena Parrish P. , Tucker Jennifer , Curry Justin C.
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Comparing suicide mortality rates between the U.S. military and U.S. general populations is common in lay and professional literature. Standardization is required for this comparison to account for differences in the population structure, but small event counts complicate the analysis.

Methods

We demonstrated the performance of direct, indirect, and reverse‐direct standardization using U.S. military and U.S. general population suicide mortality data from 2011 to 2018. We also used simulations of direct and indirect standardization in annual comparisons, and over time for the standardized mortality ratio in Poisson regression.

Results

Indirect standardization outperformed direct standardization for annual rate standardization. Direct standardization with combined subgroups can produce a biased estimate. Reverse‐direct standardization was unbiased, but it generally yields incorrect interval estimates. Over 2011–2018, the U.S. military suicide mortality data were very consistent with the U.S. general population.

Conclusion

Indirect standardization provides more flexibility in rate standardization with rare outcomes. For comparisons between the U.S. military and the U.S. general populations, it can provide valid point and interval estimates of standardized rates and ratios both within a single year and between years without combining categories to account for sparseness.
Programas de pós-graduação em geologia e geografia: teses defendidas
Authors: Wanderley Maria Dolores , Cunha S. B.
Published: August 2021

Estudo de uma seção cretácica da bacía Potiguar com base em nanofósseis calcários.
Aspectos Ambientais Associados à Extração de Areias do Litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Praias e Restingas
Authors: Amador Elmo Da Silva
Published: August 2021

Les accumulations sableuses marines du littoral de l'Etat de Rio de Janeiro, principalement constituées par les flèches de sable et les plages, sont soumises à une exploitation in tensive et irrationnelle. Les organismes de controle du milieu ambient manquent de données techniques permettant de contrôler cette activité: Ce travail analyse les principales restrictions apportées par le milieu ambient à l'extraction du sable, afin de contribuer à régulariser laite activité.
Estudo geológico: técnico de uma pedreira de rocha ornamental no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua - Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Rosana Elisa Coppedê , Margueron Claudio
Published: August 2021

This study has the main objective to develop an open pit mine for decorative stone in Santo Antônio de Pádua County, Rio de Janeiro State and define the best solutions for the environmental-geological problems.
Estudo ambiental de uma pedreira de rocha ornamental no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua - Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Rosana Elisa Coppedê , Margueron Claudio
Published: August 2021

This study has the main objective to develop an open pit mine for decorative stone in Santo Antônio de Pádua County, Rio de Janeiro State and define the bestsolutions for the environmental-geological problems.
O uso de isótopos ambientais em estudos hidrogeológicos no Brasil: uma resenha crítica
Authors: Silveira Carla Semiramis , Silva Júnior Gerson Cardoso da
Published: August 2021

In hydrologic and hydrogeological studies, environmental isotopes have been used as a tool to identify provenience, quantify recharge and establish aquifer age. The aim of this work is to present a historic retrospective of the use of this technique in Brazil, focusing on study cases in Northeastern, Amazon and Paraná Basin regions. In addition, some comments on the main advances of this technique on a world basis, in contrast with the restrict use in Brazil help to promote a discussion on the perspectives and unfolding of this use at national level.
Geoquímica do gabro coronítico de Amparo, RJ
Authors: Ludka Isabel Pereira , Wiedemann Cristina Maria
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to present geochemical data and some petrological aspects of the Amparo gabbroic (hyperite) body, located approximately 30 km east of the town, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State. Ten samples of these basic rocks were analysed for major, minor and trace elements, and three of these for REE. The data obtained reflect the limited mineralogical range. The contents of the major elements indicate a sub-alkalic tholeiitic magma, as shown by modal analysis, which classified these rocks as an olivine gabbro. Geochemical analysis of the minor, trace and rare-earth elements shows abnormal incompatible enrichment, such as the high LREE, Ba and Sr contents. Similar results for other basic and ultrabasic intrusions are common in this portion of the Ribeira Mobile Belt.
Considerações geológicas e sobre o Parque Produtor de Rochas Ornamentais no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua -RJ
Authors: Baptista Filho João , Tanaka Maira Damião
Published: August 2021

This paper is an attempt to delineate the ways of nowadays industrialization of ornamental Rocks in Santo Antônio de Pádua (RJ) It is very important to emphasize the almost total dependence of the local economy with this kind of activity.
A Palinologia como ferramenta no diagnóstico e monitoramento ambiental da Baía de Guanabara e regiões adjacentes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Barth Ortrud Monika
Published: August 2021

Palynology is a tool in retrospective studies related to climatic and environmental changes and to the human influence on the landscape in historical times. Pollen analyses of cores obtained from the Baía de Sepetiba , from lakes of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and recently of sediments from the basin of the rio Guandu, from the praia Vermelha/Urca beach and from the bottom of the Baía de Guanabara were realized. Drier and wetter climatic periods could be detected corresponding to a variable development of the rain forest, the semideciduous forest, the vegetation of "restinga", savannas and wetlands. Human activities and changes of the environment related to changes of the vegetation in historical times were confirmed.
Caracterização da contaminação por petróleo e seus derivados na Baía de Guanabara: aplicação de técnicas organogeoquímicas e organopetrográficas
Authors: Mendonça Filho João Graciano , Menezes Taíssa Rego , Oliveira E. Adriana de , Iemma Michele B.
Published: August 2021

The Guanabara Bay is the second bigger bay of the Brazilian coast. The bay is one of most beautiful of the world and shelters an ample and protected natural environment, preponderant factor for the development of the region. Due the pollution of this ecosystem, today, the bay represents an important focus of environmental interest. In order to determinate the preservation degree of the organic components of bottom sediments from Guanabara Bay, ninety-two samples were collected from these sediments, however, preliminarily, twenty-five samples were analyzed. These twenty-five samples were submitted to techniques of organic geochemistry (Total Organic Carbon - TOC and Rock-Eval pyrolysis) to determinate the amount and quality of the organic matter, and microscopy (transmitted white light and reflected ultraviolet light). The TOC values of the twenty-five samples range from 0.04 to 6.1% indicating the high preservation degree of the organic matter. The Rock- Eval pyrolysis data show Hydrogen Index (HI) values from 25 to 249 mg HC/gCOT; S1 values ranges from 0,02 to 5,6 mg HC/gR; Production Index (PI) rise up 0,5. The results of the microscopy investigation showed that occur a predominance of amorphous organic matte (AOM) over the palynomorphs and phytoclasts. The liptinitic material showed a light yellow-greenish yellow fluorescence color. The percentages of AOM, the TOC values and fluorescence color indicate a high degree of preservation of the organic matter. The integration of the results from organic geochemistry and microscopy techniques indicate that the sediments of the Baía de Guanabara present very high hydrocarbon pollution, deposited in dysoxic-anoxic environment.
Hydrogeological study of mangrove areas around Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Silva Júnior Gerson Cardoso da , Braga Carlos Eduardo , Lage Ingrid De Carvalho
Published: August 2021

The study area covers part of the mangrove belt located around Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representing a continental-marine transition, the mangrove ecosystem is very susceptible to environmental variations and impacts. The vegetation cover plays an important role in prevention of erosion and contamination processes in those areas. An ongoing extensive research effort in the Petrochemical Complex of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, focuses on the man-induced changes in the physical environment (soils, groundwater flow system, type and volumes of contaminants, geochemical aspects) and the consequences on the neighboring mangrove ecosystem. This article describes the importance of hydrogeological studies in mangrove areas as part of an appropriate environmental assessment, taking as an example an industrial dumping area located in that Petrochemical Complex. Field work included extensive drilling and sampling to obtain basic geological and hydrogeological parameters and data in the pilot area, such as hydraulic conductivity and piezometric heads; emphasizing the tracking of possible contamination by industrial effluents and the marine influence; validation of the conceptual model with mathematical models (numerical and analytical models) was carried out. Results show the great importance of well conducted and detailed hydrogeological studies to properly address environmental problems caused by industrial plants in mangrove areas.
Falanges ungueais de crocodilomorfos da Bacia Bauru (Cretáceo Superior, Brasil)
Authors: Vasconcellos Felipe Mesquita de , Arruda João Tadeu , Rocha-Barbosa Oscar , Carvalho Ismar De Souza
Published: August 2021

The ungual phalanxes of recent crocodylomorphs are modified into queratin covered claws. They are conical, ventrally curved with a sharp distal end. They are used during locomotion, digging and female sizing on copula. Nevertheless, fossil crocodylomorphs claws present a wider morphological and functional diversity. It was analysed fossil claws from the Late Cretaceous rocks of Adamantina (General Salgado County) and Marília (Uberaba County) Formations of the Bauru Basin. The claws found in the Adamantina Formation were associated with skeletal remains of a baurusuchid. They are laterally compressed, more ventrally curved and stronger than those of recent crocodylomorphs. They also present, at their base, many furrows related to muscle attachment. The claws found in the Marília Formation were associated to the remains of a peirosaurid. They show a great lateral compression and a blade-like ventral edge. They also present a slight ventral curvature and strong furrows in their base for muscle attachment. The morphological data obtained from these claws allow the investigation of the autoecology of these Cretaceous crocodylomorphs.
Analysis of Multi-Stage Running-In Process of Sn-11Sb-6Cu Alloy and AISI 1045 With Phase Trajectory Plot
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Zhao Huan , Zuo Xue
Published: August 2021

Running-in of the main bearings of a diesel engine is a crucial process before service. The running-in period can be divided into several stages, in which different running-in conditions are used. This is termed as multi-stage running-in, which is a good way to enhance running-in quality. In order to reveal the evolution of phase trajectory and compare the running-in quality, the running-in tests were performed with the material of a bearing bush (Sn-11Sb-6Cu) and shaft (AISI 1045). The running-in quality was comprehensively evaluated via friction coefficient, phase trajectory, and surface topography. Results indicate that the phase trajectories show a trend of stage-by-stage convergence. A multi-stage running-in can achieve a more stable attractor, lower friction coefficient and smoother surface, that is, a better running-in quality than the constant running-in scheme. This study provides a reference for formulating running-in specifications for sliding bearings.
Self-powered ultraviolet photodiode based on lateral polarity structure GaN films
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Swarnav , Pal Hridibrata , Narang Sameer R. , Guo Chenyu , Ye Jichun , Guo Wei , Sarkar Biplab
Published: August 2021

In this work, we report on a self-powered ultraviolet photodiode realized using lateral polarity structure (LPS) GaN films. The opposite nature of the polarization charge yields different barrier heights at the standard Ni/Au Schottky contact interface of N-polar and III-polar GaN films. As a result, a natural nonzero built-in potential is obtained in the LPS GaN photodiode, which showed photoresponsivity even at 0 V applied bias. The self-powered mechanism inside such an LPS GaN photodiode is discussed in detail by a combination of simulation prediction and experimental validation. Furthermore, a variation in the doping concentration of the adjacent III- and N-polar GaN domain is shown to improve the photoresponsivity compared to the conventional III-polar photodiode. Thus, this work validates that the LPS GaN photodiode is a promising candidate to realize self-powered operation and a general design rule for the photodiode with in-plane built-in potential.