bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global atmospheric carbon budget: results from an ensemble of atmospheric CO2 inversions
Authors: Peylin P. , Law R. M. , Gurney K. R. , Chevallier F. , Jacobson A. R. , Maki T. , Niwa Y. , Patra P. K. , Peters W. , Rayner P. J. , Rödenbeck C. , van der Laan-Luijkx I. T. , Zhang X.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 inversions estimate surface carbon fluxes from an optimal fit to atmospheric CO2 measurements, usually including prior constraints on the flux estimates. Eleven sets of carbon flux estimates are compared, generated by different inversions systems that vary in their inversions methods, choice of atmospheric data, transport model and prior information. The inversions were run for at least 5 yr in the period between 1990 and 2010. Mean fluxes for 2001–2004, seasonal cycles, interannual variability and trends are compared for the tropics and northern and southern extra-tropics, and separately for land and ocean. Some continental/basin-scale subdivisions are also considered where the atmospheric network is denser. Four-year mean fluxes are reasonably consistent across inversions at global/latitudinal scale, with a large total (land plus ocean) carbon uptake in the north (−3.4 Pg C yr−1 (±0.5 Pg C yr−1 standard deviation), with slightly more uptake over land than over ocean), a significant although more variable source over the tropics (1.6 ± 0.9 Pg C yr−1) and a compensatory sink of similar magnitude in the south (−1.4 ± 0.5 Pg C yr−1) corresponding mainly to an ocean sink. Largest differences across inversions occur in the balance between tropical land sources and southern land sinks. Interannual variability (IAV) in carbon fluxes is larger for land than ocean regions (standard deviation around 1.06 versus 0.33 Pg C yr−1 for the 1996–2007 period), with much higher consistency among the inversions for the land. While the tropical land explains most of the IAV (standard deviation ~ 0.65 Pg C yr−1), the northern and southern land also contribute (standard deviation ~ 0.39 Pg C yr−1). Most inversions tend to indicate an increase of the northern land carbon uptake from late 1990s to 2008 (around 0.1 Pg C yr−1, predominantly in North Asia. The mean seasonal cycle appears to be well constrained by the atmospheric data over the northern land (at the continental scale), but still highly dependent on the prior flux seasonality over the ocean. Finally we provide recommendations to interpret the regional fluxes, along with the uncertainty estimates.
Testing the effects of the numerical implementation of water migration on models of subduction dynamics
Authors: Quinquis M. E. T. , Buiter S. J. H.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere brings water into Earth's upper mantle. Previous numerical studies have shown how slab dehydration and mantle hydration can impact the dynamics of a subduction system by allowing a more vigorous mantle flow and promoting localisation of deformation in lithosphere and mantle. The depths at which dehydration reactions occur in the hydrated portions of the slab are well constrained in these models by thermodynamic calculations. However, the mechanism by which free water migrates in the mantle is incompletely known. Therefore, models use different numerical schemes to model the migration of free water. We aim to show the influence of the numerical scheme of free water migration on the dynamics of the upper mantle and more specifically the mantle wedge. We investigate the following three migration schemes with a finite-element model: (1) element-wise vertical migration of free water, occurring independent of the material flow; (2) an imposed vertical free water velocity; and (3) a Darcy velocity, where the free water velocity is calculated as a function of the pressure gradient between water and the surrounding rocks. In addition, the material flow field also moves the free water in the imposed vertical velocity and Darcy schemes. We first test the influence of the water migration scheme using a simple Stokes flow model that simulates the sinking of a cold hydrated cylinder into a hot dry mantle. We find that the free water migration scheme has only a limited impact on the water distribution after 1 Myr in these models. We next investigate slab dehydration and mantle hydration with a thermomechanical subduction model that includes brittle behaviour and viscous water-dependent creep flow laws. Our models show how the bound water distribution is not greatly influenced by the water migration scheme whereas the free water distribution is. We find that a water-dependent creep flow law results in a broader area of hydration in the mantle wedge which feeds back to the dynamics of the system by the associated weakening. This supports using dynamic time evolution models to investigate the effects of (de)hydration. We also show that hydrated material can be transported down to the base of the upper mantle at 670 km. Although (de)hydration processes influence subduction dynamics, we find that the exact numerical implementation of free water migration is not important. This implies that a simple implementation of water migration would be sufficient for studies that focus on larger-scale features of subduction dynamics.
Calvin Blanchard and The Art of Real Pleasure
Authors: Sargent Lyman Tower
Published: October 2013

The Art of Real Pleasure (1864) by Calvin Blanchard focuses on sexual pleasure in the context of a significantly improved society as essential for the good life. This essay examines Blanchard's life and works and places them in a often neglected thread of the Western utopian tradition.
Nancy Prince's Utopias: Reimagining the African American Utopian Tradition
Authors: Foster Amber
Published: October 2013

In A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs. Nancy Prince (1850), Nancy Gardner Prince travels from the northern United States to Russia and Jamaica and, in each location, struggles to create a “home” for herself and others through negotiation with (and resistance to) extant discourses of race, class, gender, and empire. Her utopias, like all real-world utopias, are doomed to fail, yet I argue that placing Prince's Narrative within the context of an expanded definition of utopian discourse reveals African American engagement in utopian thought at a much earlier period than supposed. As early as the 1820s, thousands of African Americans were attempting to create egalitarian societies in Canada and the margins of the northern United States, and these experiments had a dramatic impact on the literature of the period. I place all of Prince's utopias within the larger historical and literary context of the utopian fervor taking place throughout her lifetime. In so doing, I hope to expand the current conception of African American utopian literary production to include earlier, autobiographical writers such as Prince who sought out a “good place” significantly prior to the emergence of the African American utopian novel in the latter nineteenth century.
Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present
Authors: Pearson Mike Parker
Published: October 2013

Over the years archaeologists connected with the Institute of Archaeology and UCL have made substantial contributions to the study of Stonehenge, the most enigmatic of all the prehistoric stone circles in Britain. Two of the early researchers were Petrie and Childe. More recently, colleagues in UCL’s Anthropology department – Barbara Bender and Chris Tilley – have also studied and written about the monument in its landscape. Mike Parker Pearson, who joined the Institute in
2012, has been leading a 10-year-long research programme on Stonehenge and, in this paper, he outlines the history and current state of research.
Excavating a Silk Road City: the Medieval Citadel of Taraz,
Kazakhstan
Authors: Dawkes Giles
Published: October 2013

The city of Taraz, located near the southern border with Uzbekistan, is one of
the most significant historic settlements in Kazakhstan, and two seasons of
fieldwork in the central market-place have revealed a substantial depth of
medieval stratigraphy. Despite frequent mentions in Arabic and Chinese written
sources, both the form and evolution of this important Silk Road city remain
poorly understood. Evidence for a series of successive medieval buildings,
including a bathhouse and a Zoroastrian flame shrine, was found in the area of
the former citadel. These excavations, undertaken as a joint initiative between
the Centre for Applied Archaeology and Kazakh archaeologists, were the first for
50 years in the city and form part of a wider public outreach programme.
Assyrian Nimrud and the Phoenicians
Authors: Herrmann Georgina , Laidlaw Stuart
Published: October 2013

The first ivories at the Assyrian imperial capital of Kalhu/Nimrud in northern
Iraq were found by Henry Layard in the mid-19th century. Max Mallowan and David
Oates (both professors at the Institute of Archaeology), together with the
British School of Archaeology in Iraq, worked there from 1949–1963 and
found literally thousands more, both in the palaces of the acropolis and in a
large outlying building known as Fort Shalmaneser. During the last 50 years the
majority has been published in the Ivories from Nimrud series,
so that it is now possible to look at this remarkable corpus as a whole. It
immediately becomes evident that most were not made in Assyria, but imported
from the states conquered by the Assyrian kings in the early 1st millennium BC.
Many show a debt to the art of Egypt and can be assigned to the
‘Phoenician tradition’, thus recording the otherwise little-known
art of the Phoenicians, long famed as master craftsmen.
‘Syrian-Intermediate’ ivories are versions of Phoenician ivories and
may represent the art of the recently-arrived Aramaean kingdoms, while the very
different ‘North Syrian’ ivories derive from earlier Hittite
traditions.
Studying at the UCL Institute of Archaeology
Authors: Sillar Bill , Daniel Lisa , Frearson Charlotte
Published: October 2013

Ranked 1st in The Guardian (2013) league table for studying
archaeology

Ranked 2nd in The Times (2013) ‘Good University
Guide’

100% of Institute undergraduate finalists expressed satisfaction with our
teaching and support in the UK National Student Surveys 2010 and 2011
Director’s Report 2012–13
Authors: Shennan Stephen
Published: October 2013

The Director of the UCL Institute of Archaeology reports on events since the
publication of the last issue of Archaeology International (No.
15), for 2011–12, and comments on current developments.
Ética global: consideraciones sobre su relevancia en los estudios internacionales
Authors: Lolas Stepke Fernando
Published: October 2013

Se ilustra el concepto de ética global tomando como ejemplo la noción de salud global. Las implicaciones de un concepto global superan las consideraciones geopolíticas y en este texto se las identifica con el cometido transdisciplinario de una reflexión que considera diversas perspectivas metódicas y filosóficas. Las sugerencias brindadas por el ejemplo de la salud internacional y global se presentan como estímulo para la aplicación del concepto a otras áreas de interés en el campo de los estudios internacionales.
Una mirada crítica al sector empresarial coreano, con especial referencia a Argentina
Authors: Alvarez María del Pilar , Manfredi Luciana
Published: October 2013

El presente trabajo se propone analizar las relaciones comerciales entre Corea del Sur y Argentina mediante un estudio comparado sobre las empresas medianas y multinacionales coreanas que deciden invertir en el país. Se hará hincapié en las variables sociales, culturales y políticas que limitan o alientan el afianzamiento de lazos comerciales con el fin de poder comprender los lineamientos de cambio necesarios, desde una mirada coreana, para consolidar una relación sostenible en el largo plazo.
Ejes y modelos en la etapa actual de la integración económica regional en América Latina
Authors: Briceño Ruiz José
Published: October 2013

Este trabajo se propone revisar el escenario actual de la integración regional en América Latina. En este sentido, se argumenta que en la región existe actualmente una fragmentación de la integración económica en tres ejes: un eje de integración abierta, un eje revisionista y un eje anti-sistémico. En cada uno de estos ejes se han adoptado distintos modelos económicos de integración. Acudiendo a Max Weber proponemos la existencia de tres tipos ideales de modelos de integración económica: el regionalismo estratégico, el regionalismo productivo y el regionalismo social. En el trabajo se analizan las interacciones existentes entre los ejes y los modelos de integración existentes en la región latinoamericana.
Phamacokinetics of rivaroxaban in adolescents
Authors: Gehrisch S. , Beyer-Westendorf J.
Published: October 2013

Background: The direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban is approved for venous throm-boembolism (VTE) treatment in adults. However, in all phase-III trials children or adolescents have not been included. For under-aged VTE patients, current standard treatment consists of low molecular weight heparin or Vitamin K antagonists. Rivaroxaban could be an attractive alternative, however, no data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of rivaroxaban in adolescents are currently available.

Patient, methods: We report PK data for rivaroxaban derived from a girl (age:15 years), who presented three month after acute deep vein thrombosis, already receiving rivaroxaban therapy. In the steady state of rivaroxaban therapy (20 mg once daily), plasma levels at baseline, 3 and 6 hours after intake of rivaroxaban were measured to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and changes of global coagulation tests.

Results: At baseline, a very low trough level of only 9.9 ng/ml rivaroxaban was found. At 3 hours, a peak concentration of 137.76 ng/ml rivaroxaban was observed with a rapid decrease within 6 hours after drug intake, when plasma levels of 34.45 ng/ml were measured. The patients INR and aPTT values reacted correspondingly.

Conclusion: Our data indicate that adolescents may exhibit lower peak and trough levels after rivaroxaban intake compared to adult patients, but seem to have similar PK curves during the elimination phase. While our case is the first published case of a successful VTE treatment in an under-aged , we strongly discourage the routine use of rivaroxaban in non-adult patients, until data from phase II and III trials are available.
K metodologickým standardům kvantitativních studií v pedagogice: Jak psát o výzkumných zjištěních?
Authors: Mareš Jan , Vlčková Kateřina
Published: October 2013

Cílem studie je přispět do debaty ohledně metodologické kvality a standardů kvantitativního výzkumu a prezentace a publikace jeho zjištění. Ve studii nejprve diskutujeme o tom, proč vlastně publikovat výsledky výzkumu, a následně pojednáváme, jak o výzkumu a jeho výsledcích psát. Teoretickým východiskem jsou zahraniční publikační standardy (např. APA, AERA) a metodologická literatura. V druhé části studie na základě analýzy obsahových požadavků českých recenzovaných časopisů a významných konferencí k pedagogickému výzkumu se věnujeme tomu, co je explicitně požadováno a co by bylo vhodné v současnosti v českém prostředí požadovat od výzkumů a empirických studií v pedagogice, a to i v kontextu mezinárodních úzů či standardů. Z analýzy vyplynulo, že časopisy a konferenční výbory metodologické požadavky či standard podrobněji nespecifikují a předpokládají jeho implicitní sdílení.
Enhanced POC export in the oligotrophic northwest Pacific Ocean after extreme weather events
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Shu , Hung Chin‐Chang , Gong Gwo‐Ching , Chou Wen‐Chen , Chung Chih‐Ching , Shih Yung‐Yen , Wang Chau‐Chang
Published: October 2013

To study effects of extreme weather events (EWEs, e.g., dust storm and typhoon) on the export of particulate organic carbon (POC) measured by a floating sediment trap in the oligotrophic ocean, eight sea‐going expeditions were conducted in the oligotrophic northwest Pacific (NWP) in 2007 and 2008, covering all four seasons and the passage of several EWEs. Results of year‐round field observations demonstrate that the POC export fluxes in the oligotrophic NWP did not exhibit apparent seasonal variations yielding an average flux of 36.9 ± 5.8 mg‐C m−2 d−1 without EWE effects. With EWE effects, however, the POC export flux (51.7 ± 13.2 mg‐C m−2 d−1) showed an approximately 40% increase compared to the average flux measured without EWE effects. These results suggest that EWEs can trigger elevated POC export from the euphotic zone in the oligotrophic ocean.
Correlations between variations in solar EUV and soft X‐ray irradiance and photoelectron energy spectra observed on Mars and Earth
Authors: Peterson W. K. , Brain D. A. , Mitchell D. L. , Bailey S. M. , Chamberlin P. C.
Published: October 2013

Solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV; 10–120 nm) and soft X‐ray (XUV; 0–10 nm) radiation are major heat sources for the Mars thermosphere as well as the primary source of ionization that creates the ionosphere. In investigations of Mars thermospheric chemistry and dynamics, solar irradiance models are used to account for variations in this radiation. Because of limited proxies, irradiance models do a poor job of tracking the significant variations in irradiance intensity in the EUV and XUV ranges over solar rotation time scales when the Mars‐Sun‐Earth angle is large. Recent results from Earth observations show that variations in photoelectron energy spectra are useful monitors of EUV and XUV irradiance variability. Here we investigate photoelectron energy spectra observed by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Electron Reflectometer (ER) and the FAST satellite during the interval in 2005 when Earth, Mars, and the Sun were aligned. The Earth photoelectron data in selected bands correlate well with calculations based on 1 nm resolution observations above 27 nm supplemented by broadband observations and a solar model in the 0–27 nm range. At Mars, we find that instrumental and orbital limitations to the identifications of photoelectron energy spectra in MGS/ER data preclude their use as a monitor of solar EUV and XUV variability. However, observations with higher temporal and energy resolution obtained at lower altitudes on Mars might allow the separation of the solar wind and ionospheric components of electron energy spectra so that they could be used as reliable monitors of variations in solar EUV and XUV irradiance than the time shifted, Earth‐based, F10.7 index currently used.
The turbulence evolution in the high β region of the Earth's foreshock
Authors: Li Huimin , Pang Ye , Huang Shiyong , Zhou Meng , Deng Xiaohua , Yuan Zhigang , Wang Dedong , Li HaiMeng
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we study the foreshock turbulence evolution in high β region via both Cluster observation on 29 March 2002 and 1‐D hybrid simulation. The quasi‐sinusoidal and the irregular wave trains are both detected in this event. The former one is believed to be generated by ion‐ion right‐hand nonresonant instability due to the right‐hand polarization and antisunward propagation in the plasma frame. Since the ion distribution associated with the wave train is more “intermediate” rather than “diffused”, we suggest that the wave train reported in this paper can be viewed as a “midstep” of “isolated” and “irregular”. From the quasi‐sinusoidal to the irregular waveform, the corresponding polarizations appear to transit: right‐hand wave of higher frequency (wave number) is substituted by a left‐hand wave with lower frequency (wave number) in spacecraft frame. Then the 1‐D hybrid simulation is applied for two cases with various velocities to study such polarization transition. By comparing observation results with the simulation, such polarization transition and “inversed cascade” (wave energy transferring from large wave number to small wave number) can be understood as the consequence of decay instability. Although decay instability cannot be initiated in high beta (β > 1) plasma in magnetohydrodynamic theory, such β dependence can be modified by ion kinetic effect. Moreover, it is found that in simulation no matter which right‐hand instability is dominant in early stage, left‐hand wave will be the prime component of magnetic field disturbance in the final stage.
Modulation of PDO on the predictability of the interannual variability of early summer rainfall over south China
Authors: Duan Wansuo , Song Linye , Li Yun , Mao Jiangyu
Published: October 2013

This study investigates the modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the predictability of interannual early summer south China rainfall (SCR) using high‐quality station rainfall data. Of particular interest is the difference in impact between negative and positive phases of the PDO on the predictability of interannual early summer SCR. A clear difference in the correlation between the interannual early summer SCR and the preceding sea surface temperature (SST) over the Pacific Ocean appears in negative and positive phases of the PDO. In the negative PDO phase, the correlation between interannual early summer SCR and SST is dominated by a pattern with significant negative correlations in the subtropical western North Pacific and southeast Pacific and significant positive correlations in the tropical central Pacific. However, in the positive PDO phase, significant positive correlations are observed in the tropical eastern Pacific. It is found that, for each PDO phase, the preceding SST anomalies in some regions in the Pacific may act as predictors of the interannual early summer SCR. As such, a two‐regime regression model for the relationship between interannual early summer SCR and preceding SST anomalies is established based on the negative and positive PDO phases using respective multiple linear regression models. Results suggest that the interannual early SCR is more predictable in PDO positive phase than in negative phase. It offers a support for the argument that a segmented statistical forecasting approach associated with the decadal modulation effect of the coupled ocean atmospheric mode should be adopted to forecast the early summer SCR.
Suomi NPP VIIRS day‐night band on‐orbit performance
Authors: Liao L. B. , Weiss Stephanie , Mills Steve , Hauss Bruce
Published: October 2013

The Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership (NPP) launched on 28 October 2011 hosts the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor. The VIIRS sensor includes a day‐night band (DNB) that covers almost 7 orders of magnitude in its dynamic range from full sunlit scenes to lunar‐illuminated clouds. The DNB is panchromatic and covers the wavelengths from 500 nm to 900 nm. Since launch, extensive effort has gone into its characterization. We have shown that the DNB is performing extremely well, meeting most of its specifications with some minor exceedances. The DNB characteristics evaluated include the following: sampling and resolution across the swath, geolocation uncertainty, radiometric sensitivity, radiometric uncertainty, and stray light. The only significant deviation from specification involves the stray light specification. On‐orbit, the characterization shows that the DNB suffers stray light level on the order of 100% Lmin or 3 × 10−9 W∙cm−2∙sr−1. After algorithmic correction, the residual radiometric error was reduced to approximately 4.5 × 10−10 W∙cm−2∙sr−1.
Population‐Based Incidence and Prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Program
Authors: Somers Emily C. , Marder Wendy , Cagnoli Patricia , Lewis Emily E. , DeGuire Peter , Gordon Caroline , Helmick Charles G. , Wang Lu , Wing Jeffrey J. , Dhar J. Patricia , Leisen James , Shaltis Diane , McCune W. Joseph
Published: October 2013

Objective

To estimate the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a sociodemographically diverse southeastern Michigan source population of 2.4 million people.

Methods

SLE cases fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria (primary case definition) or meeting rheumatologist‐judged SLE criteria (secondary definition) and residing in Wayne or Washtenaw Counties during 2002–2004 were included. Case finding was performed from 6 source types, including hospitals and private specialists. Age‐standardized rates were computed, and capture–recapture was performed to estimate underascertainment of cases.

Results

The overall age‐adjusted incidence and prevalence (ACR definition) per 100,000 persons were 5.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.0–6.1) and 72.8 (95% CI 70.8–74.8). Among females, the incidence was 9.3 per 100,000 persons and the prevalence was 128.7 per 100,000 persons. Only 7 cases were estimated to have been missed by capture–recapture, adjustment for which did not materially affect the rates. SLE prevalence was 2.3‐fold higher in black persons than in white persons, and 10‐fold higher in females than in males. Among incident cases, the mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 39.3 ± 16.6 years. Black SLE patients had a higher proportion of renal disease and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) (40.5% and 15.3%, respectively) as compared to white SLE patients (18.8% and 4.5%, respectively). Black patients with renal disease were diagnosed as having SLE at younger age than white patients with renal disease (mean ± SD 34.4 ± 14.9 years versus 41.9 ± 21.3 years; P = 0.05).

Conclusion

SLE prevalence was higher than has been described in most other population‐based studies and reached 1 in 537 among black female persons. There were substantial racial disparities in the burden of SLE, with black patients experiencing earlier age at diagnosis, >2‐fold increases in SLE incidence and prevalence, and increased proportions of renal disease and progression to ESRD as compared to white patients.
Interactive simulation of finite element equation processing for educational purposes
Authors: Lee Jae Young
Published: October 2013

This article introduces the educational functions of a computer program developed and put into practice for the computer‐aided instruction of the finite element method. An interactive simulation with graphical visualization is used as a tool to teach and learn the concepts and procedures related to the construction and solution of finite element stiffness equations. The tool encompasses the stages of processing finite element equations from element modeling to equation solving. Any operation of this educational tool is not an emulation of computational processes, but an actual execution of finite element processing. Thus, instructors of the finite element method may use this educational program as a tool to present complex computational aspects in comprehensible graphic images. Students may experience and explore each stage of the computation using the interactive simulation, and attain a better understanding of the concepts and procedures of the stiffness method, bypassing manual calculation or computer programming. The instructional tool has been implemented as a part of a finite element analysis program. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:157–169, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21586
Evaluation of grounded isometric interface for whole‐body navigation in virtual environments
Authors: Jang Bong‐gyu , Kim Gerard Jounghyun
Published: October 2013

Whole‐body interaction is an effective way to promote the level of presence and immersion in virtual reality systems. In this paper, we introduce “G‐Bar,” a grounded isometric interaction device that naturally induces whole‐body interaction without complicated sensing and active haptic feedback apparatus. G‐Bar takes advantage of the significant passive reaction force feedback sensed throughout the body to produce an enhanced level of presence/immersion and possibly even task performance. For detailed investigation in the contributing factors, two experiments were carried out to assess the comparative effectiveness of G‐Bar to the following: (1) grounded but isotonic device (with force feedback and without); and (2) nongrounded handheld devices (both isotonic and isometric). The results showed that the G‐Bar induced significantly higher presence and competitive task performance (fixed velocity navigation) than the isotonic (grounded or handheld) and nongrounded isometric interfaces. Compared with the grounded isometric device with active force feedback, G‐Bar produced competitive performance. In particular, the analysis of the subjective evaluation revealed a high correlation between the level of presence and whole‐body interaction. On the other hand, whole‐body experience was not induced as much with just the active force‐feedback devices. Thus, for appropriate tasks, the grounded isometric interface can be a viable alternative to expensive and mechanically limiting active force‐feedback devices in enhancing user experience. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐Resolved in‐Situ Observation of Starch Polysaccharide Degradation Pathways
Authors: Beeren Sophie R. , Petersen Bent O. , Bøjstrup Marie , Hindsgaul Ole , Meier Sebastian
Published: October 2013

Analytical challenges in the direct time‐resolved observation of starch metabolism have been addressed by using optimized multidimensional NMR experiments. Starch provides the main source of human dietary energy intake and is a raw material for beverage and renewable fuel production. Use of direct in situ observations of starch remodeling pathways could facilitate our understanding and control of processes of biotechnological, medical, and environmental relevance. Processes involving starch synthesis or degradation are difficult to monitor directly in aqueous solution, however, because starch consists of glucopyranosyl homopolymers that are built up from and degraded into structurally similar fragments that yield only small signal dispersion in optical and NMR spectroscopy. By focusing on acetal groups only, 1H,13C HSQC experiments sampling narrow spectral windows in the highly resolved 13C dimension have been employed in order to observe the amylopectin cleavage pathway in real time with a temporal resolution of 150 s. Quantifiable signals for more than 15 molecular species emerging during starch fragmentation by human saliva have been resolved and tracked over time in this manner. Altered accumulation of intermediates in the digestion of amylopectin in the presence of black tea acting as an effector have been monitored.
Impact of direct stenting on outcome of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the EUROTRANSFER registry)
Authors: Dziewierz Artur , Siudak Zbigniew , Rakowski Tomasz , Kleczyński Paweł , Zasada Wojciech , Dubiel Jacek S. , Dudek Dariusz
Published: October 2013

Objectives

We sought to evaluate the impact of direct stenting technique on angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary angioplasty (PCI).

Methods

Data on 1,419 patients who underwent immediate PCI for STEMI with implantation of ≥1 stent within native coronary artery were retrieved from the EUROTRANSFER Registry database. Patients were stratified based on the stent implantation technique: direct (without predilatation) vs. conventional stenting. Propensity score adjustment was used to control possible selection bias.

Results

Direct stenting technique was used in 276 (19.5%) patients. Remaining 1,143 patients were treated with stent implantation after balloon predilatation. Direct compared with conventional stenting resulted in significantly greater rates of postprocedural TIMI grade 3 flow (conventional vs. direct stenting: 91.5% vs. 94.9%, adjusted OR 2.09 (1.13–3.89), P = 0.020), and lower risk of no‐reflow (3.4% vs. 1.4%, adjusted OR 0.31 (0.10–0.92), P = 0.035). The rates for ST‐segment resolution >50% after PCI were higher in patients treated with direct stenting technique (76.3% vs. 86.2%, adjusted OR 1.64 (1.10–2.46), P = 0.016). A significant reduction in 1‐year mortality in patients from the direct stenting group compared with the conventional stenting group, even after adjustment for propensity score was observed (6.5% vs. 2.9%, adjusted OR 0.45 (0.21–0.99), P = 0.047).

Conclusions

When anatomically and technically feasible, the use of direct stenting technique may result in improved long‐term survival in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Piperylene—A Versatile Basic Chemical in Catalysis
Authors: Behr Arno , Neubert Peter
Published: October 2013

Today’s industrial chemistry heavily relies on petrochemical feedstocks, and most of the starting compounds are available from the convenient steam cracking of hydrocarbons. In particular, the short‐chain key compounds ethene and propene take center stage. In addition, low‐molecular‐weight conjugated dienes such as butadiene and isoprene have remarkable importance in the production of polymers and fine chemicals. Another, so far clearly underrated, short‐chain conjugated diene is piperylene (1,3‐pentadiene), which is also available from the steam cracking of naphtha. The goal of this review is to illustrate the high potential of piperylene as a suitable starting compound in the area of fine chemicals by using transition‐metal catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Elastic Properties of La2Mg17 from First‐Principles Calculations.
Authors: Luo Tao‐Peng , Ma Li , Pan Rong‐Kai , Zhou Si‐Chen , Wang Hai‐Chen , Tang Bi‐Yu
Published: October 2013

DFT calculations
ChemInform Abstract: Rich Crystal Chemistry and Magnetism of “114” Stoichiometric LnBaFe4O7.0 Ferrites.
Authors: Duffort V. , Caignaert V. , Pralong V. , Cervellino A. , Sheptyakov D. , Raveau B.
Published: October 2013

Title compounds with Ln: Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Ln2O3, BaFe2O4, Fe2O3, and Fe (1100 °C, 24 h) and from solutions of Ln2O3, BaCO3, and Fe(C2O4) in molten citric acid, followed by calcination (900 °C for 6 h and 1050 °C for 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Marinite Li2M(SO4)2 (M: Co, Fe, Mn) and Li1Fe(SO4)2: Model Compounds for Super‐Super‐Exchange Magnetic Interactions.
Authors: Reynaud Marine , Rousse Gwenaelle , Chotard Jean‐Noel , Rodriguez‐Carvajal Juan , Tarascon Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2013

The title compounds are investigated by powder X‐ray and powder neutron diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: The Unusual and the Expected in the Si/C Phase Diagram.
Authors: Gao Guoying , Ashcroft N. W. , Hoffmann Roald
Published: October 2013

Ground state structures of Si3C, SiC, and SiC3 are characterized by DFT‐based particle swarm optimization methods.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Neutron Powder Diffraction of the Formation of SrGa2D2, and Hydrogenation Behavior of YbGa2 and EuGa2.
Authors: Wenderoth Patrick , Kohlmann Holger
Published: October 2013

The hydrogenation behavior of the Zintl phases MGa2 (M: Sr, Eu, Yb) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Mixed‐Alkali‐ and Alkaline‐Earth‐Metal Borates: From 1D Chain to 2D Layer to 3D Framework.
Authors: Wu Han‐Qing , Ju Ping , He Huan , Yang Bai‐Feng , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: October 2013

The crystal structures of the new borates (IV), (VII), and (IX) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: New Layered Fluorosulfide SrFBiS2.
Authors: Lei Hechang , Wang Kefeng , Abeykoon Milinda , Bozin Emil S. , Petrovic Cedomir
Published: October 2013

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of Bi2S3 (obtained from the elements at 600 °C for 10 h), SrF2, and SrS (600 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of the [(UO2)S4]6‐ Anion: A Cation‐Stabilized Uranyl Sulfide.
Authors: Ward Matthew D. , Klingsporn Jordan M. , Ibers James A.
Published: October 2013

Black prisms of Na2Ba2(UO2)S4 are synthesized by solid state reaction of uranium, Na2O2, BaS, and sulfur (873 K, 96 h, 50 wt.% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Functionalized Aryl and Heteroaryl Aluminum Reagents by Halogen—Lithium Exchange.
Authors: Klatt Thomas , Groll Klaus , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2013

Various functionalized aryl aluminum reagents are obtained by performing halogen—Li exchange reactions with the corresponding aryl halides in the presence of iBu2AlCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Green and Highly Selective Protocol for the Synthesis of Oximes.
Authors: Ghosh Pranab , Subba Raju
Published: October 2013

A green and efficient protocol for the selective synthesis of mono‐ or dioxime derivatives of various carbonyl compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Cleavage of 3,5‐Bis‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylcarbamate by SmI2—Et3N—H2O.
Authors: Ankner Tobias , Staalsmeden Anna Said , Hilmersson Goeran
Published: October 2013

A novel electron poor protection group for amines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Addition to Acrylonitrile via Catalytic Photochemical Decarboxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Yoshimi Yasuharu , Washida Sonoka , Okita Yoshiki , Nishikawa Keisuke , Maeda Kousuke , Hayashi Shota , Morita Toshio
Published: October 2013

Photoinduced electron transfer promoted decarboxylation of carboxylic acids in the presence of phenanthrene and 1,4‐dicyanonaphthalene as electron acceptor promotes a radical reaction with acrylonitrile to afford nitriles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allyl Allenes Through Three‐Component Cross‐Coupling Reaction of N‐Tosylhydrazones, Terminal Alkynes, and Allyl Halides.
Authors: Ye Fei , Hossain Mohammad Lokman , Xu Yan , Ma Xiaoshen , Xiao Qing , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: October 2013

The reaction is applied to a wide range of aldehyde‐ and ketone‐derived N‐tosylhydrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(Alkylsulfamoyl)aldimines: Easily Deprotected Precursors for Diarylmethylamine Synthesis.
Authors: Crampton Rosemary H. , Fox Martin , Woodward Simon
Published: October 2013

Activated aldimines (III) are suitable substrates for the synthesis of optically active diarylmethylamines (V) via Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium‐Based Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Silica as a Functional Platform Dramatically Boosts Chiral Organometallics Performance in Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Xia Daquan , Cheng Tanyu , Xiao Wei , Liu Ketang , Wang Zhaoliang , Liu Guohua , Li Hexing , Wang Wei
Published: October 2013

Chiral rhodium and nickel catalysts immobilized on a phase‐transfer featured, imidazolium‐based, organic‐inorganic hybrid silica are applied to the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones and the asymmetric Michael addition of diethyl malonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Oxidative Alkylation of Unactivated Arenes with Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Huang Liangbin , Wang Qian , Qi Ji , Wu Xia , Huang Kefan , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2013

The oxidative coupling of arenes functionalized with an amide directing group with allylic alcohols using a cationic Rh(III) catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Decarboxylative ortho Acylation of Benzoic Acids with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Miao Jinmin , Ge Haibo
Published: October 2013

The title reaction is realized with silver carbonate as oxidant in the presence of a Pd(II)‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Nano‐MgO Catalyzed, Mild, and Efficient Synthesis of Amidines via Electrophilic Activation of Amides.
Authors: Das Vijay Kumar , Thakur Ashim Jyoti
Published: October 2013

The reusable and cheaper catalyst is successfully applied to the title synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Arylations of Heteroarenes by Bromobenzamides: Direct Synthesis of Heteroaryl Benzamides.
Authors: Chen Lu , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Doucet Henri
Published: October 2013

The Pd‐catalyzed arylation of various heteroarenes with bromobenzamides is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Protocol for Synthesis of 4‐Methoxy Cinnamate (III) in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Wang Yu Fang , Yang Qi Chao , Zhang Bao Ji , Lin Dong , Zhang Ming Jie
Published: October 2013

via a Pd‐catalyzed Heck reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thienotriazolopyrimidine Derivatives Containing Triazolothiadiazole Moiety.
Authors: Whang Jina , Song Yang‐Heon
Published: October 2013

Some of the prepared products are identified as strong inhibitors of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) action, which inhibit IL‐6 induced STAT3‐dependent luciferase activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Symmetrical 1,3‐Diynes via Tandem Reaction of (Z)‐Arylvinyl Bromides in the Presence of DBU and CuI.
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Sheng , Xu Wen‐Jing , Zhang Fei , Qu Gui‐Rong
Published: October 2013

The title reaction involves a primary elimination step to afford intermediate terminal alkynes and their homocoupling in the presence of DBU and CuI.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solid‐Liquid Phase Alkylation of Naphthols.
Authors: Balint Erika , Kovacs Orsolya , Drahos Laszlo , Keglevich Gyoergy
Published: October 2013

Catalyst‐free, selective O‐alkylation of naphthols is achieved under microwave irradiation in the presence of K2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Iodofulvenes.
Authors: Noesel Pascal , Lauterbach Tobias , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: October 2013

The catalytic cycle involves the formation of gold acetylides and vinylgold intermediates which undergo an unprecedented iodine/gold exchange.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Domino [4 + 1 + 1] Carbocyclization Providing an Efficient and Regioselective Strategy to Fluoren‐9‐ones.
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Haiwei , Fu Liping , Shi Qingqing , Jiang Bo , Tu Shujiang
Published: October 2013

A microwave‐assisted one‐pot synthesis of fluoren‐9‐one derivatives is reported which tolerates a variety of additional functionalities within the starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Naphthoquinones in H‐Bond‐Directed Trienamine‐Mediated Strategies.
Authors: Albrecht Lukasz , Villegas Gomez Clarisa , Jacobsen Christian Borch , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: October 2013

Based on a trienamine‐mediated H‐bond directed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 2,4‐dienals and 1,4‐naphthoquinones a stereoselective approach to enantioenriched carboannulated naphthoquinones and dihydronaphthoquinones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cyclization of Enamide‐Ynes and Application to the Synthesis of the Kopsifoline Core.
Authors: Corkey Britton K. , Heller Stephen T. , Wang Yi‐Ming , Toste F. Dean
Published: October 2013

A Pd‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of azaspirocycles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Analogues of 5,12‐Naphthacenequinone. Part 11. A New Method for Preparing 4,11‐Dimethoxyanthra[2,3‐b]furan‐5,10‐dione
Authors: Tikhomirov A. S. , Shchekotikhin A. E. , Luzikov Yu. N. , Korolev A. M. , Preobrazhenskaya M. N.
Published: October 2013

based on the cyclization of (haloanthraquinonyl)formylacetic acid derivatives (VII)
ChemInform Abstract: Twofold Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation by Intra‐ and Intermolecular Radical Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts.
Authors: Jasch Hannelore , Landais Yannick , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: October 2013

A variety of novel cascade reactions, in which two C—C bonds are formed, can be carried out when the known radical 5‐ or 6‐exo‐cyclization of an aryl diazonium salt is conducted in the presence of scavengers like TEMPO or nitrogen monoxide and alkenes, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Optically Active Indolines by Formal [4 + 1] Annulation of Sulfur Ylides and N‐(ortho‐Chloromethyl)aryl Amides.
Authors: Yang Qing‐Qing , Wang Qiang , An Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: October 2013

Asymmetric [4 + 1] annulation of axial chiral sulfur ylides (I) and N‐(ortho‐chloromethyl)aryl amides represents a direct procedure to access chiral 2‐substituted indolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Porous Organic Polymer Containing Free ‐CO2H Groups: A Convenient Carbocatalyst for Indole C—H Activation at Room Temperature.
Authors: Modak Arindam , Mondal John , Bhaumik Asim
Published: October 2013

The heterogeneous title catalyst bears a high concentration of active COOH sites.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Benzothiazoles via K2S2O8‐Mediated Oxidative Condensation of Benzothiazoles with Benzylamines.
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Wang Anwei , Chen Xiang , Gui Qingwen , Liu Jidan , Tan Ze , Wang Hua , Si Ji‐Cheng
Published: October 2013

A novel strategy allows the preparation of 2‐arylbenzothiazoles from benzothiazole and primary, secondary, or tertiary benzylamines without any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Stereoselective Synthesis of Unsaturated Lactone Intermediates and Their Conversion into Natural Dihydropyranones and Their Enantiomers.
Authors: Shinde Digambar Balaji , Kanth Boddu Shashi , Satyakumar Avula , Kamble V. T. , Das Biswanath
Published: October 2013

A simple synthesis of enantiopure unsaturated lactone (VII) and its enantiomer employing Maruoka asymmetric allylation and subsequent ring closing metathesis as the key steps is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of (2‐Azaaryl)carboxylates with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Haley Christopher K. , Gilmore Christopher D. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: October 2013

The title method offers direct access to 2‐aryl‐azaarenes without requiring stoichiometric amounts of organometallic reagents or organoboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Notable Difference in anti‐HIV Activity of Integrase Inhibitors as a Consequence of Geometric and Enantiomeric Configurations.
Authors: Okello Maurice , Mishra Sanjay , Nishonov Malik , Nair Vasu
Published: October 2013

Two enantiomeric carboxamides (III) are synthesized stereospecifically and evaluated for their anti‐HIV activity.
ChemInform Abstract: The SBA‐15/SO3H Nanoreactor as a Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Diketene‐Based, Four‐Component Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines and Dihydropyridines under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Rostamnia Sadegh , Pourhassan Fatemeh
Published: October 2013

A facile four component synthesis of title compounds (V) and (VI) involving a diketene ring‐opening reaction is reported using mesoporous sulfonic acid modified silica (SBA‐15) as reusable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct 2‐Acetoxylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides via Copper Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Chen Xuan , Zhu Chongwei , Cui Xiuling , Wu Yangjie
Published: October 2013

Using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant, the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction of quinoline N‐oxides with aldehydes provides a practical pathway to 2‐acyloxyl quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetracyclic Pyrrolidine/Isoxazolidine Fused Pyrano[3,2‐h]quinolines via Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Hazra Abhijit , Bharitkar Yogesh P. , Maity Arindam , Mondal Shyamal , Mondal Nirup B.
Published: October 2013

Nitrones and azomethine ylides generated in situ by reaction of hydroxylamines or amino acids with the formyl group of substrates (I) undergo highly diastereoselective intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions to give the title compounds in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Dirhodium Carboxylate‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidones from Propargyl Ureas.
Authors: Yang Miao , Odelberg Shannon J. , Tong Zongzhong , Li Dean Y. , Looper Ryan E.
Published: October 2013

It is demonstrated that dirhodium(II) is capable of catalyzing the chemo‐ and regioselective hydroamination of propargyl ureas.
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐Stereoselective Reduction of Hexahydroquinazoline‐2(1H)‐thione Derivatives.
Authors: Gella I. M. , Bui O. D. , Mirnyi A. V. , Shishkina S. V. , Shishkin O. V. , Orlov V. D.
Published: October 2013

Reduction of 4‐arylhexahydroquinazolinethione derivatives using a NaBH4/TFA system affords selectively the corresponding trans‐fused octahydroquinazolinethiones.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐Fe3O4 Encapsulated‐Silica Particles Bearing Sulfonic Acid Groups as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Green and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines and Indeno Fused Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines in Water.
Authors: Nemati Firouzeh , Saeedirad Raheleh
Published: October 2013

The title catalyst can be recovered using an external magnet and reused several times without significant loss of activity.