bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-GDANets: Sports small object detection of thermal images with Non-Glodal decoupled Attention
Authors: Zhao Jia , Mao Bingfei , Meng Hengran , Wu Liping , Li Jingpeng
Published: July 2022

Because thermal infrared sport targets have rich and complex semantic information, there is a high coupling between different types of features. In view of these limitations, we propose a Non-Glodal decoupled Attention, namely,local U-shaped attention decoupling network (LUANets), which aims to decompose the coupling relationship of different sport target features in thermal infrared images and establish effective spatial dependence between them. This method takes the captured multi-scale initial features according to different levels and inputs them into the local decoupling module with U-shaped attention structure to realize the decomposition of semantic details. At the same time, considering the correlation between different targets, in the process of feature decomposition, using prior knowledge as guiding information many times to establish effective spatial dependence. Secondly, we design a two-way cross-aggregation FPN module to cross-aggregate information flows in the front and back directions to achieve feature interaction while further reducing the coupling between different types of features. The evaluation results on data such as TIIs,SportFCs and FLIR show that the LUANets method we proposed has achieved the best detection performance, with mAP of 68.72%,59.51% and 65.29%, respectively.
Genetic diversity and spatial distribution of Burkholderia mallei by core genome-based multilocus sequence typing analysis
Authors: Appelt Sandra , Rohleder Anna-Maria , Jacob Daniela , von Buttlar Heiner , Georgi Enrico , Mueller Katharina , Wernery Ulrich , Kinne Joerg , Joseph Marina , Jose Shantymol V. , Scholz Holger C.
Published: July 2022

Burkholderia mallei is the etiological agent of glanders, a highly contagious and often fatal disease in equids. Due to the high genetic clonality of B. mallei, high-resolution typing assays are necessary to differentiate between individual strains. Here we report on the development and validation of a robust and reproducible core genome-based Multi Locus Sequence Typing Assay (cgMLST) for B. mallei, which is based on 3328 gene targets and enables high-resolution typing at the strain level. The assay was validated using a set of 120 B. mallei genomes from public databases and 23 newly sequenced outbreak strains from in-house strain collections. In this cgMLST analysis, strains from different geographic regions were clearly distinguished by at least 70 allele differences, allowing spatial clustering while closely related and epidemiologically related strains were separated by only zero to three alleles. Neither the different sequencing technologies nor the assembly strategies had an influence on the cgMLST results. The developed cgMLST is highly robust, reproducible and can be used for outbreak investigations, source tracking and molecular characterization of new B. mallei isolates.
Butyrate ameliorates maternal high-fat diet-induced fetal liver cellular apoptosis
Authors: Huang Yu-Jyun , Wang Pei-Ming , Tang Kuo-Shu , Chen Chih-Jen , Huang Ying-Hsien , Tiao Mao-Meng
Published: July 2022

A maternal high-fat diet (HFD) can impact the offspring’s development of liver steatosis, with fetal development in utero being a crucial period. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism and whether butyrate can rescue liver injury caused by maternal HFD in the fetus. Pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, prenatal HFD (58% fat) exposure or normal control diet (4.5% fat). The HFD group was fed an HFD 7 weeks before mating and during gestation until sacrifice at gestation 21 days. After confirmation of mating, the other HFD group was supplemented with sodium butyrate (HFSB). The results showed that maternal liver histology showed lipid accumulation with steatosis and shortened ileum villi in HFD, which was ameliorated in the HFSB group (P<0.05). There was increased fetal liver and ileum TUNEL staining and IL-6 expression with increased fetal liver TNF-α and malondialdehyde expression in the HFD group (P<0.05), which decreased in the HFSB group (P<0.05). The fetal liver expression of phospho-AKT/AKT and GPX1 decreased in the HFD group but increased in the HFSB group (P<0.05). In conclusion that oxidative stress with inflammation and apoptosis plays a vital role after maternal HFD in the fetus liver that can be ameliorated with butyrate supplementation.
If you move, I move: The social influence effect on residential mobility
Authors: de la Prada Àlex G. , Tapia Eduardo
Published: July 2022

There are many theories that account for why households move between residential areas. In this paper, we advance on this by formulating a new mechanism whereby a household’s probability of leaving a neighborhood is informed by the number of other households who have previously left that neighborhood. We call this mechanism: the social influence (SI) effect. By applying matching to Swedish register data for Stockholm County (1998–2017), and after adjusting for theoretically relevant confounders from the existing literature, we find that SI has a significant effect on neighborhood out-mobility. Furthermore, we find that the SI effect is moderated by the visibility with which others’ behaviors is observed, measured as the number of previous out-movers, the distance to ego, and its salience in the social environment. Our study also discusses some ways in which SI might be entangled with other mechanisms, and outlines future directions from which studies of residential segregation dynamics might be approached.
Correlation between tuberculosis-specific interferon-γ release assay and intrathoracic calcification: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamatani Izumi , Komiya Kosaku , Shuto Hisayuki , Yamanaka Marimu , Yamasue Mari , Yoshikawa Hiroki , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi
Published: July 2022

Background

Although persistent tuberculosis (TB) infection is known to cause calcification in the lungs, the relationship between intrathoracic calcification and the results of the interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess the association between intrathoracic calcification and IGRA results.

Methods

We retrospectively included consecutive patients who concurrently underwent chest X-ray, chest computed tomography (CT), and an IGRA. Patients with a current diagnosis of active TB or treatment history of active TB or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) were excluded. The association between calcification according to the chest X-ray or CT and IGRA results were analyzed using binomial logistic regression.

Results

This study included 574 patients, and 38 (7%) patients had a positive IGRA result. Patients with a positive result were significantly older and had a higher proportion of comorbidities, and history of tuberculosis exposure compared to those with a negative result. Calcification of the lung field and mediastinal lymph nodes according to chest CT was more frequently observed in patients with a positive IGRA result, whereas no significant difference was observed concerning the proportion of lung field calcification on chest X-ray between patients with positive and negative IGRA results. In multivariate analysis, calcification of mediastinal lymph nodes alone (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.76–8.26) and the combination of lung field and mediastinal lymph node calcification (adjusted OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.51–11.76) on chest CT was independently associated with positive IGRA results.

Conclusions

The finding of mediastinal lymph node calcification, with or without lung field calcification, on chest CT was associated with positive IGRA results independent of TB exposure history. Previous TB infection including eliminated TB infection and LTBI can be suspected when calcified lymph nodes in are observed the mediastinum on chest CT.
Prevalence of malaria and helminth infections in rural communities in northern Sierra Leone, a baseline study to inform Ebola vaccine study protocols
Authors: Baiden Frank , Fleck Suzanne , Leigh Bailah , Ayieko Philip , Tindanbil Daniel , Otieno Tuda , Lawal Bolarinde , Tehtor Mattu , Rogers Maariam , Odeny Lazarus , Hodges Mary H. , Sonnie Mustapha , Samai Mohamed , Ishola David , Lowe Brett , Watson-Jones Deborah , Greenwood Brian
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Recurrent parasitic infections may influence the immune response to vaccines. In the Partnership for Research on Ebola VACcinations extended follow-UP and clinical research capacity build-UP (PREVAC-UP) study being undertaken in Mambolo, northern Sierra Leone, participants are being followed up to assess the potential impact of exposure to malaria and/or helminth infections on long-term immune response to two Ebola vaccines. To support the development of the assays that will be used in this evaluation, a parasitological survey was conducted in Mambolo between November 2019 and February 2020.

Methods

Healthy individuals aged ≥1 year who were resident in Mambolo Chiefdom were selected using a stratified sampling approach and questionnaires were administered to explore their sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopy was used to detect malaria parasites, intestinal helminths and urinary schistosome infections. Rapid blood tests were used to detect infections with Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti. We estimated the overall prevalence of these infections and used adjusted logistic regression models to explore risk factors for malaria and hookworm infection.

Results

Eight hundred and fifteen (815) residents, 50.9% of whom were female were surveyed. Overall, 309 (39.1%) of 791 persons tested for malaria had a positive blood slide; Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. Helminth infection was detected in 122 (15.0%) of 815 stool samples including three mixed infections. The helminth infections comprised 102 (12.5%) cases of hookworm, 11 (1.3%) cases of Trichuris trichiura, 10 (1.2%) cases of Schistosoma mansoni and two (0.2%) cases of Ascaris lumbricoides. Being male (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.15–3.50) and residing in a non-riverine community (OR = 4.02, 95%CI 2.32–6.98) were the factors associated with hookworm infection. Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti infections were found in 3.3% and 0.4% of participants respectively.

Conclusion

Malaria and hookworm are the most prevalent parasite infections and those most likely to influence long-term immune response to Ebola vaccines among the trial participants.
Efficacy of a rehabilitation program using minor muscles in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: preliminary study
Authors: Hong Kyung Sook , Chung Soon Sup , Kim Kwang Ho , Lee Ryung-Ah
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the common reasons that colorectal cancer patients cannot maintain their routine chemotherapy schedules. Some medications are used for pain relief; however, the effect of medication is disappointing. We carried out this study to confirm that a rehabilitation program using minor muscles might provide a valuable aid in symptom relief of CIPN.Methods: Eleven colorectal cancer patients participated in the basic craftwork program which encouraged the use of the minor muscles of the hands to make and decorate the handicrafts and it was held for 2 hours once a week, for a total of four times. There were no limitations in the stage of cancer or types of chemotherapy to participate the program. Questionnaires were obtained from participants before and after the basic handicrafts program.Results: Of the 11 patients (3 men, 8 women; mean age, 53.0±11.2 years), six received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy, four received FOLFOX4 (combination of 5-FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy, and one received 5-FU, FOLFOX4, and FOLFIRI (combination of 5-FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan) chemotherapy sequentially. Patients attended the program a mean of 3.8±0.4 times. Common symptoms of CIPN were “throbbing pain,” “aching pain,” and “numbness.” The mean score of the questionnaires between pre- and post-program was 34.1±31.7 points and 24.4±21.5 points each, and it was significantly decreased (P=0.040).Conclusion: Patients often suffered from CIPN symptoms like throbbing or aching pain and numbness during their adjuvant chemotherapy. A rehabilitation program using minor muscles for CIPN is expected to be effective.
Is a cutoff value of 12 still useful in stage II right-sided colon cancer without risk factors?
Authors: Hwang Jinseok , Lee Donghyoun , Shin Jung Kyong , Jang Jae Hyuck , Huh Jung Wook , Park Yoon Ah , Cho Yong Beom , Kim Hee Cheol , Yun Seong Hyeon , Lee Woo Yong , Chun Ho-Kyung
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Various clinical practice guidelines recommend at least 12 regional lymph nodes should be removed for resected colon cancer. According to a recent study, the lymph node yield (LNY) in colon cancer surgery in the last 20 years has tended to increase from 14.91 to 21.30. However, it is unclear whether these guidelines adequately reflect recent findings on the number of harvested lymph nodes in colon cancer surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of an LNY of more than 25 on survival in right-sided colon cancer.Methods: We included 285 patients who underwent a right hemicolectomy during the period from January 2010 through December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups (<25 nodes and ≥25 nodes). Primary endpoints included 5-year and 10-year survival including disease-free and overall.Results: We found that survival outcomes of patients with a harvest of ≥25 nodes were not significantly different compared with a <25 group. Large tumor size (5 cm) is significantly associated with poor 5-year and 10-year overall survival.Conclusion: Survival outcomes of patients with a harvest of ≥25 nodes were not significantly different compared with the <25 group in stage II colon cancer with no risk.
Minimally invasive treatments for early colorectal cancer: comparison of endoscopic resection and laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Kim Kyeong Eui , Lee Yoo Jin , Lee Ju Yup , Jeong Woon Kyung , Baek Seong Kyu , Bae Sung Uk
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Endoscopic treatment and laparoscopic surgery are minimally invasive options for early treatment of colorectal cancer, however, more evidence of the long-term outcomes between the two procedures is needed to guide clinical decisions. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes between endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment for early colorectal cancer.Methods: The study group included 60 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment and 38 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for early colorectal adenocarcinoma between January 2010 and December 2013 at a single study site.Results: Histopathological diagnoses showed that 43 (78.3%) carcinomas in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group were mucosal to sm1, 13 (21.7%) were sm2 or deeper, and 17 high-risk cases (28.3%) in the endoscopic group underwent additional surgery. The median operation time, time to sips of water, and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the endoscopic group than in the laparoscopic group. The overall survival rates of patients in the endoscopic group and laparoscopic groups were 91.5% and 87.4%, respectively (P=0.391), and the disease-free survival rates were 90.4% and 87.4% (P=0.614), respectively. Systemic recurrences occurred in two patients (1.6%) in the endoscopic group and one patient (2.0%) in the laparoscopic group. Local recurrence combined with systemic recurrence in one patient (0.8%) in the endoscopic group.Conclusion: Endoscopic resection for early colorectal cancer can be performed safely with better short-term outcomes and comparable longterm oncological outcomes compared to laparoscopic surgery.
Global optimal vessel capacity for LNG production and transportation
Authors: Igboanusi Chinemerem , Amuji Harrison Obiora , Onukwube Obioma G. , Chikadibia Nwosu Azuwueze
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we developed a linear programming model to determine the volume of vessels that will give an optimal return on investment. The solution to the developed model was carried out using the Interior Point algorithm with the help of the MATLAB package. The analysis shows that the production and transporting of the LNG with a vessel of capacity 178,5006m3 would give an optimal profit of 633,640 million USD. And from the results of the analysis, we observed that the decision to take the maximum modern capacity instead of lower capacities yields the highest profit.
Functional integration and competitive advantage of food and beverages manufacturing firms in Kenya
Authors: Mogaka Conrad Ochego , Odari Sammy , Arani Wycliffe
Published: July 2022

The major aim of this study was to establish the relationship between functional integration and competitive advantage of food and beverages manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey. The target population was managers working along the supply chain from 270 food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya. The two-stage sampling design was employed. The first stage, cluster random sampling, obtained 73 food & beverages manufacturing firms. Second stage, convenience sampling, selected two participants from the 73 selected firms. Thus, a sample size of 146. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data using both the drop and pick and mailing methods. Secondary data was obtained through document analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 to generate descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that functional integration had a positive significant linear relationship with a competitive advantage. Additionally, the competitive advantage is anticipated to grow for every unit increase in functional integration. Thus, the study concludes that the parameters of functional integration are crucial in enhancing a company's competitive advantage in the food and beverage industry. Consequently, the study recommends that improvements in integrating functions internally should be strategically implemented.
Book Review: Going Gradeless, Grades 6–12: Shifting the Focus to Student Learning
Authors: De Jesús Ana , Mickle Moldavan Alesia
Published: July 2022

This book review of Going Gradeless, Grades 6–12: Shifting the Focus to Student Learning by E. Burns and D. Frangiosa (2021) provides an alternative pedagogical method to assessment that uses a “gradeless” approach to learning for purposes of removing the stress and negative impacts of traditional grading practices while maintaining accountability with equity in mind. In this review, we describe the foundational underpinnings that frame the book and summarize some of the observed benefits as well as challenges faced by the authors who implemented this approach. We provide an overview of the chapters situated in four major takeaways guiding this work: (a) rethinking meaningful assessment, (b) fitting a new gradeless approach into a traditional framework, (c) giving student choice to promote student-centered learning, and (d) strengthening curriculum planning with learning progression checkpoints. This book offers educators and school leaders a practical guide to alternative assessment practices for purposes of improving academic achievement while supporting students’ diverse needs.
Richard Peters and his legacy
Authors: White John , White Patricia
Published: July 2022

Richard Peters’s contribution to teaching and research in philosophy of education after 1962 until the mid-1970s was immense, as this piece by two of his colleagues from that period shows. He brought the prevailing emphasis on conceptual analysis in general philosophy to bear on creating a new way of philosophising about education. He worked tirelessly both to expand the teaching of the subject at Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) and especially at in-service levels, and to reform teacher education at the University of London Institute of Education and its associated colleges more generally. He also founded the Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain and its journal. Despite health difficulties, problems in his analysis of the concept of education, objections to the academic overloading of the PGCE, and the later decline of government funding of in-service courses in the 1980s, much of Peters’s original vision for philosophy of education thrives to this day.
Derivation of External Exposure Characteristics of Industrial Radiography Based on Empirical Evidence
Authors: Cho Junik , Kim Euidam , Kwon Tae-Eun , Chung Yoonsun
Published: July 2022

Background: This study aims to derive the characteristics of each work type for industrial radiography based on empirical evidence through expert advice and a survey of radiation workers of various types of industrial radiography.Materials and Methods: According to a Korean report, work types of industrial radiography are classified into indoor tests, underground pipe tests, tests in a shielded room (radiographic testing [RT] room test), outdoor field tests, and outdoor large structure tests. For each work type, exposure geometry and radiation sources were mainly identified through the expert advice and workers’ survey as reliable empirical evidence.Results and Discussion: The expert advice and survey results were consistent as the proportion of the work types were high in the order of RT room test, outdoor large structure test, underground pipe test, outdoor field test, and indoor test. The outdoor large structure test is the highest exposure risk work type in the industrial radiography. In most types of industrial radiography, radiation workers generally used 192Ir as the main source. In the results of the survey, the portion of sources was high in the order of 192Ir, X-ray generator, 60Co, and 75Se. As the exposure geometry, the antero-posterior geometry is dominant, and the rotational and isotropic geometry should be also considered with the work type.Conclusion: In this study, through expert advice and a survey, the external exposure characteristics for each work type of industrial radiography workers were derived. This information will be used in the reconstruction of organ dose for health effects assessment of Korean radiation workers.
Population Characteristics, Morphometry, and Growth of Harvested Gray Wolves and Coyotes in Alaska
Authors: Mitchell Carl D. , Chaney Roy , Aho Ken , Bowyer R. Terry
Published: July 2022

Few concurrent studies exist of sympatric gray wolf (Canis lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) harvest at far northern latitudes. Moreover, no studies explicitly examine effects of concurrent harvest on phenotypes of wolves and coyotes. We documented changes in sex and age characteristics and morphology of gray wolves and coyotes harvested by hunters near Ptarmigan Lake, east-central Alaska, USA, between 1998 and 2001. We hypothesized that the harvest would result in larger, heavier canids, reduce densities, and increase young to adult ratios in both wolves and coyotes. We generated von Bertalanffy growth curves indicating that wolves and coyotes of both sexes increased in length or weight until 2 or 3 years old. No significant changes in either mean length or weight or length to weight ratios occurred during the 3-year study, except that coyote mean length was longer over the last winter of study. Catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) for wolves ranged from 0.061 to 0.112 killed/day and for coyotes from 0.552 to 0.11 killed/day over the study. CPUE indicated that coyotes but not wolves declined in abundance. Changes in male to female and young to adult ratios did not differ significantly for either canid. We posit that coyote populations were disproportionately affected by the conflation of the severe Arctic environment and sustained harvest. Our findings will be beneficial for managing sympatric canid populations and for understanding demographic responses to density-dependent processes in wolves and coyotes, especially at far northern latitudes.
Analysis of Changing Levels of Ice Strengthening (Ice Class) among Vessels Operating in the Canadian Arctic over the Past 30 Years
Authors: Dawson Jackie , Cook Alison , Holloway Jean , Copland Luke
Published: July 2022

Climate change is impacting sea ice extent and thickness in the Canadian Arctic, creating an increase in maritime accessibility that may accentuate risks related to ship operations due to a related increase in sea ice mobility. The overall risk to ships operating in regions with mobile sea ice will vary significantly depending on the ice class (i.e., level of ice strengthening) of the vessel. Several studies have examined the implications of sea ice change for ship operations, but to date limited analysis has been conducted to understand whether levels of ice strengthening are changing among vessels operating in the Arctic. To address this research gap, more than 100,000 ship position reports covering a 30-year time-period were obtained from the Canadian Coast Guard in order to evaluate changes in shipping activities across Arctic Canada by vessel ice class. Between 1990 and 2019, there has been a substantial reduction in the number of highly strengthened PC3 ships (25%) and a large increase in the number of medium-strengthened PC7 (605%) and low-strengthened 1B (180%) vessels. These trends are particularly acute for certain vessel types, including bulk carriers, cargo ships, and passenger vessels, and also within certain geographic areas, including the Northwest Passage. The combination of climate change – induced increases in sea ice – related navigational hazards and the observed decrease in highly strengthened ships operating in the Canadian Arctic could lead to a larger number of accidents and incidents as a proportion of total operational vessels, and points to the need for infrastructure and service investment congruent with overall increases in particular types of maritime shipping activities expected in the near- to medium-term future.
PEMBAHARUAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Fatahillah
Published: July 2022

Keadilan restoratif mulai dikenal tidak hanya dalam lingkup peradilan pidana anak saja. Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, dan Mahkamah Agung mulai memberlakukan keadilan restoratif di luar perkara anak. Pengaturan dalam setiap tahapan tersebut berbeda. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian mengenai politik hukum keadilan restoratif dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia saat ini. Dalam pembahasan, ditemukan bahwa pengaturan Keadilan Restoratif di setiap tingkatan peradilan belum diatur dalam bentuk Undang-Undang dan peraturan Keadilan Restoratif di setiap tingkatan memiliki disparitas, sehingga belum memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum. Dalam mencapai tujuan keadilan restoratif, peraturan yang ada masih belum cukup. Sehingga perlu dibentuk Keadilan Restoratif pada tingkat Undang-Undang. Dengan perkembangan tersebut, pembaharuan RUU KUHP yang sudah menunjukkan nilai-nilai restoratif perlu didukung dan diperkuat nilai-nilai restoratifnya. Parameter pemidanaan dan konsep pemaafan hakim merupakan bentuk-bentuk restoratif yang ada dalam RUU KUHP.
Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Antibody
Authors: Maezawa Yosuke , Narita Mami , Tanimura Riho , Hattori Sou , Satoh Hiroaki
Published: July 2022

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA-5) antibody is an autoantibody found in patients with dermatomyositis. These antibody-positive patients are clinically characterized by complications of rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia resistant to treatment and with poor prognosis. We describe herein a patient with MDA-5 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease, which progressed rapidly to death after a period of slow progress. Recently, attention has been paid to the similarities in clinical courses and CT images between MDA-5 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia. Patients with MDA-5 antibody do not always have diffuse and evenly distributed bilateral opacities at the time of first presentation. This patient had significant laterality of such opacities. It should be considered that MDA-5 antibody-positive patients with such laterality in opacities might progress rapidly. Chest physicians, dermatologists, and dermatologists need to be aware of the characteristics of the disease for optimal treatment choices.
Transient Hyperphosphatasemia in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kutílek Štěpán , Rondziková-Mlynarčíková Eva , Pečenková Kamila , Pikner Richard , Šmída Tomáš , Sládková Eva , Honzík Tomáš , Kolářová Hana , Magner Martin
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy and early childhood (THI) is a benign laboratory disorder characterized by transiently extremely elevated activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP). Case Report: We present a 21-month-old girl with a right leg limp, most probably due to reactive arthritis after febrile viral infection, and deterioration of psychomotor development with concomitant transient elevation of S-ALP (61.74 μkat/L; normal 2.36–7.68 μkat/L). Normal values of serum creatinine, aspartate-aminotransferase, alanin-aminotransferase, calcium, phosphate, together with normal wrist X-ray ruled out rickets or other bone or hepatic cause of high S-ALP. The S-ALP gradually decreased within 3 months, thus fulfilling the THI criteria. Screening for inborn errors of metabolism was negative and meticulous neurologic, psychologic and psychiatric assessment pointed to the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There was no causal relationship between THI and ASD, as high S-ALP was an accidental and transient finding within the routine laboratory assessment. However, when THI occurs in a child with an onset of a new disorder, or with a pre-existing bone or liver disease, it might seriously concern the physician. Conclusion: Children with THI should be spared from extensive evaluations and unnecessary blood draws.
PAZARLAMA SERMAYESİ, PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYE, İŞ ÇEKİCİLİĞİ ALGISI VE İŞ PERFORMANSI İLİŞKİSİ: PAZARLAMA PROFESYONEL MESLEK GRUPLARINDA BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KAYABAŞI Aydın , MUCAN ÖZCAN Burcu , DEMİRAĞ Fatma
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’deki pazarlama profesyonel meslek mensuplarında psikolojik sermaye, pazarlama sermayesi, iş çekiciliği algısı ve iş performansı arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini açıklayabilmektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama amacıyla anket kullanılmıştır. Anket 228 katılımcıyla çevrimiçi uygulanmıştır. Psikolojik sermaye, pazarlama sermayesi, iş çekiciliği algısı ve iş performansı literatürdeki ölçeklerden yararlanılarak ölçülmüştür. Araştırma modeli, SMART-PLS yöntemi kullanılarak kapsamlı bir şekilde test edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularında pazarlama sermayesinin iş çekiciliği algısı üzerinde ve iş çekiciliği algısının da iş performansı üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Psikolojik sermayenin ise iş çekiciliği üzerinde etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırma ile psikolojik sermaye, pazarlama sermayesi, iş çekiciliği algısı ve iş performansı ilişkisini pazarlama profesyonel meslek mensuplarına yönelik bütünleşik bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır.
John Rawls and R. M. Hare: A Study of Canonization
Authors: Kuklick Bruce
Published: July 2022

Why is someone enduringly prized as a philosopher? To answer this question, this historical case study examines the intersecting careers of John Rawls and R. M. Hare. It looks at their writings, a complex chain of disagreements, the argumentative dimension. The essay moreover explores the clash of differing temperaments. Finally, themes in addition to ratiocination and personality are factored in: the leanings of the institutions that control access to intellectual endeavor; the public square—politics widely conceived—into which the two men were thrown; and the cultural rivalry between England and America after World War Two.
Does Post-truth Expand or Restrict Political Choice? Politics, Planning, and Expertise in a Post-truth Environment
Authors: Lynch William T.
Published: July 2022

Steve Fuller has replied to my critique of his endorsement of a post-truth epistemology. I trace the divergence in our approach to social epistemology by examining our distinct responses to the principle of symmetry in the sociology of scientific knowledge. Fuller has extended the concept of symmetry and challenged the field to embrace a post-truth condition that flattens the difference between experts and the public. By contrast, I have criticized the concept of symmetry for policing the field to rule ideology critique out of court. I argue that a focus on post-truth populism obscures the role of counter-elites and ideologies that restrict political choice. A better way to promote democracy would be to support minority positions within science that promise to open up suppressed political possibilities and to seek the coordinated use of different disciplines to address significant public problems.
Sprachliche Studierfähigkeit im Spiegel produktiver und rezeptiver Wortschatzkompetenz
Authors: Möhring Jupp
Published: July 2022

Der Beitrag untersucht rezeptive und produktive Wortschatzkompetenzen von N = 340 internationalen Studierenden an deutschen Hochschulen mittels frequenzbasierter Wortschatztests. Es wird untersucht, inwiefern Wortschatzkompetenz und Studienerfolg zusammenhängen und ob die Absolvent:innen verschiedener Sprachtests zum Nachweis sprachlicher Studierfähigkeit (z. B. DSH, TestDaF) vergleichbare Wortschatzkompetenzen aufweisen.
Design optimization of armored wheeled vehicle suspension lower control arm
Authors: Demli Uğur Özhan , Acar Erdem
Published: July 2022

In this study, design optimization of the lower control arm, one of the main parts of double wishbone system widely used in the armored wheeled vehicles, is performed. The crucial factor in design is to keep the vehicle weight at a minimum especially for the amphibious vehicles that can operate in both the land and water. In this study, after the validation of the finite element (FE) analysis of suspension lower control arm with on-vehicle tests, weight optimization study is performed by using surrogate models. In FE model validation, strain values are collected with strain-gauge from the lower control arm of the 8 × 8 wheeled vehicle and the similar boundary conditions are applied to the FE model. A surrogate based approach is used in optimization. The training points for surrogate models are generated by using central composite design. Genetic aggregation surrogate modelling technique available in ANSYS Workbench. It is found that the weight of the control arm can be reduced from 25.2 to 21.8 kg, indicating a weight reduction of 13.3%. This leads to approximately 27 kg weight reduction in total for 8 × 8 vehicle. Finally, the performance of the optimized design is evaluated under two off-design quasi-static load scenarios (pothole strike and pavement crushing) that may be exposed on the suspension while the vehicle is in motion and preferred by vehicle manufacturers. It is observed that obtained stress values are below the yield strength of the material, and the off design performance of the control arm is verified with the safety factor of 1.46 for pothole strike scenario, and 1.08 for pavement crushing.
Improving the fatigue life of produced dental implants by the thread-rolling process
Authors: Aktas Serkan , Kisioglu Yasin
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed to produce and test dental implants made out of biocompatible commercial pure titanium (Grade 4) material with improved mechanical strength. The implant samples were designed and manufactured in real sizes using both machining and thread-rolling (TR) processes. This study is also discovering the benefits of cold forming (TR) versus machining processes in terms of increased efficient strength and reduced costs. To produce the samples using the TR method, a suitable TR processing bench including a pair of reverse threaded flat dies and relevant jigs and fixtures were designed and manufactured. The produced implant samples were tested with static and dynamic loads considering the requirements of the ISO14801:2016 standards. The obtained results were compared in terms of mechanical strength and fatigue life. Their microscopic structures and micro-hardnesses were examined to realize the effects of the manufacturing processes. In addition, the effects of hardness, surface roughness, and residual stresses on both mechanical strength and fatigue life of the implants were also evaluated. Therefore, the obtained results showed that the TR process is extremely effective to improve the implant strength and fatigue life.
Influence of residual oxygen during laser beam welding under vacuum
Authors: Twiehaus Thorsten , Olschok Simon , Reisgen Uwe
Published: July 2022

Laser beam welding under vacuum (LaVa) offers advantages regarding the achievable weld penetration depths compared to conventional laser beam welding. Thus, it is increasingly used in industry. Despite the high weld penetration depths that can be achieved and the good inner seam qualities, undesirable reworking is often necessary due to surface deposits on the welded sample. The causes of these surface deposits have not yet been investigated in depth. In this context, the influence of the residual oxygen present inside the vacuum chamber is investigated in this study. For this purpose, the oxygen content within the chamber is recorded for LaVa welds at different working pressures and different evacuation times. The welded specimens are evaluated metallographically and investigated with regard to an influence of the oxygen content within the working chamber. This study shows that the residual oxygen content considerably influences the weld formation and the surface weld appearance for all working pressures investigated. For lower oxygen contents, the weld penetration depth decreases, and the weld width, on the other hand, increases. These observations can be explained in good agreement with findings for the influence of oxygen on the weld appearance for other material joining processes, such as TIG welding.
Thermal and mechanical analyses of an EN AW 6082 alloy with static and dynamic precipitations
Authors: Atapek Ş. Hakan , Erdoğan Yiğit A. , Kahrıman Fulya , Kaya Hasan , Polat Şeyda
Published: July 2022

In this study, the microstructural characterization of a solution annealed and quenched EN AW 6082 alloy was performed that was subjected to cold deformation (10 and 30%) and equal channel angular pressing. The findings showed that a band structure was formed, the crystallite size decreased significantly as well as that the dislocation density and stored energy increased due to severe plastic deformation. Static and dynamic precipitations in the processed alloys were characterized by thermal analyses and it was observed that precipitation sequence in heating shifted to lower temperatures due to increased kinetics caused by deformation. Increased precipitation kinetics due to severe plastic deformation could be seen in the variation of hardness during aging at 190 °C and the peak hardness of deformed alloys shifted to shorter aging times. The peak hardness of conventional heat-treated alloy was attained as 122 HV0.5 for 300 min, whereas the same hardness was achieved for an aging time of 45 min in the 30% cold-deformed alloy. By severe plastic deformation, the highest peak hardness was obtained as 130 HV0.5 after aging for 15 min. Microstructural characterization on overaged alloys indicated that the alloy having the highest stored energy had the highest tendency for recrystallization.
Surface states by grinding thin strips of electrochemically deposited nanocrystalline nickel-iron
Authors: Hoffmann Joachim E. , Pawar Vrushali , Eifler Dietmar , Eyrisch Tina , Hielscher Torsten , Saumer Monika , Klär Patrick , Schmitt Martin-Tobias , Starke Peter
Published: July 2022

Thin strips of electrochemically deposited nanocrystalline nickel-iron with thicknesses of 320 or 330 µm are modified by defined grinding. Small changes in the cutting depth and the variation of the grinding process, up cut or down cut, result in different surface states. X-ray diffraction provides the analyses of the microstructures and residual stresses on the surfaces. In the initial state, the grain sizes have an average value of 9.3 nm, the micro strains 0.74% and the residual stresses predominantly values in the low-pressure range. Up grinding with the smallest depth of cut 1 µm causes the lowest compressive residual stresses at workpiece surface due to cold plastic deformation. Larger cutting depths and surface temperatures reduce the mechanical effects. Then prevailing thermal effects cause tensile residual stresses through thermoplastic deformation and through changes in the microstructure, which can be observed by grain enlargements and decreases in micro strains. However, the recovery and recrystallization processes are only partial. Down grinding with a cutting depth of 3 µm thus leads to a maximum grain size increase to 23.4 nm and a maximum decrease in micro strain to 0.41% as well as to maximum residual stresses of 880 MPa.
Recent advances on structural, thermal, vibrational, optical, phase transitions, and catalysis properties of alkylenediammonium halogenometallate materials (Metal: Bi, Sb, Halogen: Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Ouasri Ali
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to review recent advances on synthesis, crystal structures, thermal, spectroscopic, phase transitions, optical, dielectric, and catalysis properties of hydrate and anhydrous alkylenediammonium halogenometallates materials (Metal: Bi, Sb, Halogen: Cl, Br, I). These hybrid materials present rich structural diversities based on octahedra forming infinite zero dimensional, 1-dimensional chains, 2-dimensional layers, discrete bioctahedra, and discrete tetramer units. The effect, contribution and importance of hydrogen bonding N–H … X (X: Cl, Br, I) are reviewed in terms of solid state relationship. Particularly, a comparative study is made on hydrate and anyhdrous aliphatic chlorobismuthates with alkylenediammonium +NH3(CH2)
n
NH3
+ based on structural data and V/Z variation with (CH2)
n
chains (n = 2–8, 12), and variation of BiCl6
3− Raman frequencies modes versus (CH2)
n
chains (n = 3–8). Hydrate salts with (n = 3, 12) consist of isolated BiCl6
3− anions and two water molecules, against others ones with isolated anionic chains [BiCl5
2−]
n
or Bi2Cl10
4− dimers, formed by distorted octahedra BiCl6
3− sharing corners, vices or edges. The reviewed optical and electronic band gaps suggested interesting compounds with band gaps (1.85–2.4 eV), as suitable materials in optoelectronic properties, photoactive layer in solution-processed photovoltaics, and bio-imaging or photovoltaic applications. It was concluded that iodobismuthate salts have generally the lowest bands gap, compared to that of bromo and chlorobismuthate slats. Catalysis proprieties are reviewed n fast (RhB) degradation under dark conditions for (C4N2H7)4Bi2Cl10, (C5H9N2)BiI4, and {(H-BPA)4·[(BiI6)I13]·2I3}
n
, and in organic salts synthesis under solvent-free conditions. Herein NH3(CH2)
n
NH3BiCl5 (n = 5–7) salts were used as highly efficient catalysts, which is a novel tendency in chlorobismuthate researchs in the green chemistry field.
Isometric Resistance Training Is Recommended as a Safe and Effective Adjunct Therapy to Reduce Blood Pressure
Authors: Koziris Lymperis (Perry)
Published: July 2022

Most scientific organizations recommend isometric resistance training (IRT) to manage blood pressure (BP), whereas some still do not. A typical grip IRT program of 4 × 2-minute 30%-intensity efforts with 1–3-minute rest periods, performed ≥3×/week for ≥8 weeks, can be efficient, safe, and relatively inexpensive. It can help decrease resting BP at least as much as aerobic or dynamic resistance training. IRT can be as effective as one antihypertensive medication and likely lessens strokes and myocardial infarctions. It can be as safe as other exercise modes regarding acute BP rise and safer than aerobic exercise regarding cardiac demand. Grip IRT is currently more conducive than leg IRT to program delivery. These highlights come from an expert-panel consensus reached through a largely anonymous multistep process, agreeing with the organizations that support IRT. To follow the science on IRT and BP, exercise and health care practitioners should seek corroboration from the guidelines of multiple organizations.
Scalp-and-Replacement of Oversize Particles: Laboratory Permeameter Testing
Authors: Vinoth Ganapathiraman , Fannin R. Jonathan
Published: July 2022

A reanalysis is made of 24 rigid-wall permeameter tests on eight widely-graded sand-gravel mixtures, using empirical methods that post-date the original study by Jones in 1955. The reanalysis is conducted to better understand the consequences of the scalp-and-replacement method of removing oversize particles in laboratory permeameter testing. A necessary requirement of the scalp-and-replacement method is that the porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and susceptibility of the test gradation to internal instability be largely unchanged. The reanalysis provides a framework for such considerations and serves to identify the consequences of excessive scalping such as increased porosity and hydraulic conductivity. The results show that scalp-and-replacement to 35 % of the gradation curve imparts no significant change to the porosity and hydraulic conductivity of an internally stable gradation.