bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Categorisation and Social Identification: The Mediating Role of Social Isolation and Loneliness in Adolescents Living with HIV
Authors: Ngwenya Nothando , Smith Thandeka , Shahmanesh Maryam , Psaros Christina , Munikwa Chiedza , Nkosi Khethokuhle , Seeley Janet
Published: July 2023

Background

Social isolation and loneliness are associated with living with a chronic condition particularly where stigma is a factor. Our study aimed to examine the lived experience of adolescents living with HIV in relation to isolation because of their diagnosis and consequences of disclosure. Giddens’ structuration theory was used as an analytic framework to identify the potential mechanisms underlying adolescents living with HIV’s experiences.

Method

Longitudinal in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 adolescents living with HIV aged 15–24 years with each participant taking part in three interviews (total 60) between September 2020 and October 2021. Thematic analysis was performed using Braun and Clarke’s steps for coding and analysing qualitative data and informed by the structuration theory framework.

Results

The findings indicated that adolescents living with HIV have agency and make conscious choices about sharing their status. However, these choices are influenced by their experiences in their community. The discrimination and negative judgements they often experience prevent them from disclosing their status. Stigma, discrimination, and psychological distress contribute to the isolation that adolescents and young adults living with HIV experience. The limited disclosure itself can lead to them becoming isolated and lonely.

Conclusion

The negative experiences which adolescents living with HIV face can have an impact not only on their psychological wellbeing but also on their decision to disclose and seek support. These experiences may lead to social isolation and loneliness, an unintended consequence of their action in protecting themselves from the conditions created by the structures/environment in which they live.
Effect of sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, and resin on the interfacial tension of asphaltenic synthetic oil extracted from acidic crude oil under low salinity condition
Authors: Abbood Nabeel K. , Dahham Nawfal Adnan , Dezfouli Mohammad Assarehzadegan , Hosseini Seyednooroldin
Published: July 2023

During the past years, the usage of new oil recovery methods known as enhanced oil recovery methods is increasing because of energy consumption rate enhancement and reservoir pressure depletion. Unfortunately, since most of the investigations were focused on crude oil, it is hard to find a generalized pattern of interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability change for different crude oils because of its complicated composition. So, it is necessary to examine the effect of specific fractions of crude oil especially resin and asphaltene fractions on the IFT and wettability alteration using systematic investigations. Although a limited number of investigations examined the interactions between these specific fractions and salts, there are no systematic reports respecting the possible interactions between asphaltene and resin fractions in the presence of alkaline and surfactant. So, in the first stage, the impact of dissolving asphaltene (0–9 wt%) in the toluene was investigated on the IFT reduction which revealed a decrease in IFT value from 34.8 to 23.3 mN/m as the asphaltene concentration was increased. Further experiments showed that the presence of MgCl2 and NaCl with a maximum concentration of 5000 ppm led to a reduction in IFT to a minimum value of 18.3 and 17.3 mN/m for NaCl and MgCl2, respectively, which means the higher impact of MgCl2 on the IFT reduction. After that, the selected optimum concentrations of MgCl2 and NaCl (5000 ppm) were used in the rest of the experiments in which the effect of resin fraction and other chemicals including sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and NaOH concentrations was examined on the IFT reduction and rock wettability. According to the obtained results, it was possible to reach the minimum IFT value of 0.08 mN/m, which is several orders lower than the original IFT value of the binary system without the chemicals using the optimum chemical formulation obtained by mixing proper concentrations of SDBS, NaOH, MgCl2, and NaCl. Moreover, the obtained optimum formulations were used through core flooding experiments which revealed the possibility of increasing the oil recovery to a maximum value of 10.1% based on the original oil in place.
Towards a Pragmatic and Pluralist Framework for Energy Justice
Authors: Laes Erik , Bombaerts Gunter , Spahn Andreas
Published: July 2023

The three-tenet model, which focuses on ‘distributional justice’, ‘procedural justice’, and ‘justice as recognition’, has emerged as the most influential framework in the field of energy justice. Based on critical reviews of the three-tenet model, we identify three challenges that the model currently still faces: (i) a normative challenge on the grounding of the three-tenet model in philosophical theories; (ii) an ‘elite’ challenge on the justification of the use of power in energy-related decision; and (iii) a practical challenge on the application of the three tenets in situations of conflicting justice demands. In this article, we provide the basic contours of a three-step pluralist and pragmatic dialogue model for questions of energy justice that addresses the three challenges, based on the ‘commonwealth model’ of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot. The model proposes to create moral legitimacy in the face of plural demands for energy justice by engaging actors in an inclusive dialogue based on an explicit recognition of Boltanski and Thévenot’s commonwealth model. We thereby make three contributions to the existing literature on energy justice. First, the commonwealth model’s rootedness in normative political theory provides a stronger philosophical underpinning than was available up till now in the literature (challenge 1). Second, it allows one to go beyond the (almost exclusive) focus on injustices perpetrated on disempowered or marginalised groups, to include questions on the justified exercise of power (challenge 2). Third, the commonwealth model shows us practical ways out of situations where conflicting demands for justice are being made (challenge 3).
Targeted CRISPR activation and knockout screenings identify novel doxorubicin transporters
Authors: Li Yufeng , Tan Minkang , Sun Shengnan , Stea Elena , Pang Baoxu
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Tissue-specific drug uptake has not been well studied, compared to the deeper understanding of drug resistance mediated by the cellular efflux system such as MDR1 proteins. It has been suggested that many drugs need active or defined transporters to pass the cell membrane. In contrast to efflux components induced after anti-cancer drugs reach the intracellular compartment, drug importers are required for initial drug responses. Furthermore, tissue-specific uptake of anti-cancer drugs may directly impact the side effects of many drugs when they accumulate in healthy tissues. Therefore, linking anti-cancer drugs to their respective drug import transporters would directly help to predict drug responses, whilst minimizing side effects.

Methods

To identify drug transporters of the commonly used anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, we performed focused CRISPR activation and knockout genetic screens targeting all potential membrane-associated transporters and proteins. We monitored the direct uptake of doxorubicin by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) as the screening readout for identifying transporters/proteins directly involved in doxorubicin uptake.

Results

Integrating the data from these comprehensive CRISPR screenings, we confirmed previously indicated doxorubicin exporters such as ABCB1 and ABCG2 genes, and identified novel doxorubicin importer gene SLC2A3 (GLUT3). Upregulation of SLC2A3 led to higher doxorubicin uptake and better cell killing, indicating SLC2A3 could be a new marker to predict doxorubicin drug response and minimize side effects for the personalized application of this conventional chemotherapeutic drug.

Conclusions

Our study provides a comprehensive way for identifying drug transporters, as exemplified by the commonly used anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. The newly identified importers may have direct clinical implications for the personalized application of doxorubicin in treating distinct tumors. Our results also highlight the necessity of combining both CRISPR knockout and CRISPR activation genetic screens to identify drug transporters.
Clinico-pathological and gene features of 15 nemaline myopathy patients from a single Chinese neuromuscular center
Authors: Haidong Lv , Yin Liu , Ping Chen , Xianzhao Zheng , Qi Qian , Xiaoli Ma , Zheng Lv , Wenhao Cui , Yaguang Zhou , Qianqian Qu
Published: July 2023

Background

Nemaline myopathy, the most common of the congenital myopathies, is caused by various genetic mutations. In this study, we attempted to investigate the clinical features, muscle pathology and genetic features of 15 patients with nemaline myopathy.

Results

Among the 15 patients, there were 9 (60.00%) males and 6 (40.00%) females, and 9 (60.00%) of them came from three families respectively. The age of seeing a doctor ranged from 9 to 52 years old, the age of onset was from 5 to 23 years old, and the duration of disease ranged from 3 to 35 years. Ten out of the 15 patients had high arched palate and elongated face. Only one patient had mild respiratory muscle involvement and none had dysphagia. Muscle biopsies were performed in 9 out of the 15 patients. Pathologically, muscle fibers of different sizes, atrophic muscle fibers and compensatory hypertrophic fibers could be found, and occasionally degenerated and necrotic muscle fibers were observed. Different degrees of nemaline bodies aggregation could be seen in all 9 patients. The distribution of type I and type II muscle fibers were significantly abnormal in patients with nemaline myopathy caused by NEB gene, however, it was basically normal in patients with nemaline myopathy caused by TPM3 gene and ACTA1 gene. Electron microscopic analysis of 6 patients showed that nemaline bodies aggregated between myofibrils were found in 5(83.33%) cases, and most of them were located near the Z band, but no intranuclear rods were found. The gene analysis of 15 NM patients showed that three NM-related genes were harbored, including 11 (73.33%) patients with NEB, 3 (20.00%) patients with TPM3, and 1 (6.67%) patient with ACTA1, respectively. A total of 12 mutation sites were identified and included 10 (83.33%) mutations in exon and 2(16.67%) mutations in intron.

Conclusions

The clinical phenotype of nemaline myopathy is highly heterogeneous. Muscle pathology shows that nemaline bodies aggregation is an important feature for the diagnosis of NM. NEB is the most frequent causative gene in this cohort. The splicing mutation, c.21522 + 3A > G may be the hotspot mutation of the NEB gene in Chinese NM patients.
MT$$^2$$AD: multi-layer temporal transaction anomaly detection in ethereum networks with GNN
Authors: Han Beibei , Wei Yingmei , Wang Qingyong , Collibus Francesco Maria De , Tessone Claudio J.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, a surge of criminal activities with cross-cryptocurrency trades have emerged in Ethereum, the second-largest public blockchain platform. Most of the existing anomaly detection methods utilize the traditional machine learning with feature engineering or graph representation learning technique to capture the information in transaction network. However, these methods either ignore the timestamp information and the transaction flow direction information in transaction network or only consider single transaction network, the cross-cryptocurrency trading patterns in Ethereum are usually ignored. In this paper, we introduce a Multi-layer Temporal Transaction Anomaly Detection (MT$$^2$$

2

AD) model in Ethereum network with graph neural network. Specifically, for a given Ethereum token transaction network, we first extract its initial features including the structure subgraph and edge’s feature. Then, we model the temporal information in subgraph as a series of network snapshots according to the timestamp on each edge and time window. To capture the cross-cryptocurrency trading patterns, we combine the snapshots from multiple token transactions at a given timestamp, and we consider it as a new combined graph. We further use the graph convolution encoder with attention mechanism and pooling operation on this new graph to obtain the graph-level embedding, and we transform the anomaly detection on dynamic multi-layer Ethereum transaction networks as a graph classification task with these graph-level embeddings. MT$$^2$$

2

AD can integrate the transaction structure feature, edge’s feature and cross-cryptocurrency trading patterns into a framework to perform the anomaly detection with graph neural networks. Experiments on three real-world multi-layer transaction networks show that the proposed MT$$^2$$

2

AD (0.8789 Precision, 0.9375 Recall, 0.4987 FbMacro and 0.9351 FbWeighted) can achieve the best performance on most evaluation metrics in comparison with some competing approaches, and the effectiveness in consideration of multiple tokens is also demonstrated.
Evaluating the authenticity of ChatGPT responses: a study on text-matching capabilities
Authors: Elkhatat Ahmed M.
Published: July 2023

Academic plagiarism is a pressing concern in educational institutions. With the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, like ChatGPT, potential risks related to cheating and plagiarism have increased. This study aims to investigate the authenticity capabilities of ChatGPT models 3.5 and 4 in generating novel, coherent, and accurate responses that evade detection by text-matching software. The repeatability and reproducibility of both models were analyzed, showing that the generation of responses remains consistent. However, a two-sample t-test revealed insufficient evidence to support a statistically significant difference between the text-matching percentages of both models. Several strategies are proposed to address the challenges posed by AI integration in academic contexts; one probable solution is to promote self-transcendent ideals by implementing honor codes. It is also necessary to consider the restricted knowledge base of AI language models like GPT and address any inaccuracies in generated references. Additionally, designing assignments that extract data from imaged sources and integrating oral discussions into the evaluation process can mitigate the challenges posed by AI integration. However, educators should carefully consider the practical constraints and explore alternative assessment methods to prevent academic misconduct while reaping the benefits of these strategies.
›Sprechende‹ Tiere im Zoo: Animation, Empathie und Fiktion in Zoo-Doku-Soaps
Authors: Steen Pamela
Published: July 2023

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich aus einer tierlinguistischen Perspektive mit ›sprechenden‹ Tieren als kulturellem Phänomen, mit einem Fokus auf Zookommunikation bzw. ›Zootieren‹. Anhand exemplarischer gesprächslinguistischer Analysen wird gezeigt, wie ›Zootiere‹ in einer Zoo-Doku-Soap zum Sprechen gebracht werden, d. h. mit welchen sprachlichen Mitteln der Off-Kommentar die Rede der ›Zootiere‹ animiert. Die tierliche Rede kann (trotz des inhärenten Anthropomorphisierens) authentisch, plausibel oder aber unglaubwürdig erscheinen. Im Zuge der Animation werden tierliche Displays und potenzielle Gedanken und Emotionen oftmals vereindeutigt bzw. einer unkontrollierten Mehrdeutigkeit zum Zwecke einer unterhaltenden Projektion preisgegeben.
Pyglotaran: a lego-like Python framework for global and target analysis of time-resolved spectra
Authors: van Stokkum Ivo H. M. , Weißenborn Jörn , Weigand Sebastian , Snellenburg Joris J.
Published: July 2023

The dynamics of molecular systems can be studied with time-resolved spectroscopy combined with model-based analysis. A Python framework for global and target analysis of time-resolved spectra is introduced with the help of three case studies. The first study, concerning broadband absorption of intersystem crossing in 4-thiothymidine, demonstrates the framework's ability to resolve vibrational wavepackets with a time resolution of ≈10 fs using damped oscillations and their associated spectra and phases. Thereby, a parametric description of the “coherent artifact” is crucial. The second study addresses multichromophoric systems composed of two perylene bisimide chromophores. Here, pyglotaran's guidance spectra and lego-like model composition enable the integration of spectral and kinetic properties of the parent chromophores, revealing a loss process, the undesired production of a radical pair, that reduces the light harvesting efficiency. In the third, time-resolved emission case study of whole photosynthetic cells, a megacomplex containing ≈500 chromophores of five different types is described by a combination of the kinetic models for its elements. As direct fitting of the data by theoretical simulation is unfeasible, our global and target analysis methodology provides a useful ‘middle ground’ where the theoretical description and the fit of the experimental data can meet. The pyglotaran framework enables the lego-like creation of kinetic models through its modular design and seamless integration with the rich Python ecosystem, particularly Jupyter notebooks. With extensive documentation and a robust validation framework, pyglotaran ensures accessibility and reliability for researchers, serving as an invaluable tool for understanding complex molecular systems.

Graphical abstract
Electrical investigation and enhancement of optical, structural, and dielectric properties of flexible PVDF/LiZnVO4 nanocomposites
Authors: Elashmawi I. S. , Ismail A. M. , Abdelghany A. M. , Hegazi M. M. , Yassin A. Y.
Published: July 2023

Thin polymeric films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) containing variable mass fractions of nanoparticles (LiZnVO4) were successfully synthesized via the ordinary solution casting method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy were used to explore the role of LiZnVO4 on the structural and optical characteristics of synthesized nanocomposites. In addition, dielectric permittivity (ε' and ε") and dielectric modulus (M' and M") were investigated. The XRD spectral data reveals the crystalline nature of pure LiZnVO4 with rhombohedral structure with an average size of 83 nm calculated using the Scherrer’s equation and W-L plot. The interaction between PVDF and LiZnVO4 was approved through the shift in characteristics in some IR bands. The decrease in band gap energies with increasing LiZnVO4 was attributed to the change of density in the localized states within the PVDF matrix. The effect of both frequency and temperature on the AC parameters was also investigated. Both ε' and ε" had their maximum values at low frequencies and decreased as the frequency and temperature increased. The results from XRD and FT-IR were correlated with changes in the dielectric characteristics at the maximum level value of LiZnVO4, suggesting the potential of these materials as basic components for lithium-ion batteries.
Surface deformation of northeastern Taiwan revealed by geomorphic indices
Authors: Yang Chin-Yi , Huang Ting-Wei , Chang Chung-Pai , Hsieh Pei-Shan
Published: July 2023

In northeast Taiwan, many areas are affected by various tectonic forcings. Some areas appear to have a subsidence tendency, whereas others reflect uplift activities on the surface, due to tectonic northward compressive forcing growth and decline. Owing to the presence of widespread mountain areas, limited geodetic surveys in the field have made data scarce in the study area in the past decades. The distribution of the geomorphic indices, which were calculated along the river channels, were used to analyze the activities on a regional scale in this study. The long-term landscape evolution of drainage basins can record topographic changes through the river channels. By calculating the location and drop height of knickpoint in the river longitudinal profile, as well as the spatial distribution of the normalized steepness index ($${K}_{sn}$$Ksn) value, it is possible to comprehensively discuss the perturbations that were caused by possible factors in river channels. Our results from the geomorphic indices synthetically suggest that the river channel of drainage basins is mainly influenced by the perturbations such as geological structures, tectonic activity, various lithologies, potential ruptures. In the study area, tectonic forcing act on a large area from north to south, which is reflected in the long-term incision of the river into the bedrock. Moreover, the potential ruptures on the surface may also induce displacement in the local area.
Asymptotics of Solutions for Periodic Problem for the Korteweg-de Vries Equation with Landau Damping, Pumping and Higher Order Convective Non Linearity
Authors: Juárez-Campos Beatriz , Villela-Aguilar José , Carreño-Bolaños Rafael
Published: July 2023

We study the periodic problem for the Korteweg–de Vries equation with Landau damping, linear pumping and a higher-order convective nonlinearity $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{c} w_{t}+w_{xxx}-\alpha w_{xx}=\beta w+\lambda w_{x}^{2}w_{xx},\text { }x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ w(0,x)=\psi \left( x\right) ,\text { }x\in \Omega , \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

w
t

+

w

xxx

-
α

w

xx

=
β
w
+
λ

w

x

2

w

xx

,

x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,

w

(
0
,
x
)

=
ψ

x

,

x
∈
Ω
,

where, $$\alpha ,\beta >0,$$

α
,
β
>
0
,

$$\lambda \in \mathbb {R},$$

λ
∈
R
,

$$\Omega =\left[ -\pi ,\pi \right] .$$

Ω
=

-
π
,
π

.

We assume that the initial data $$\psi \left( x\right) $$

ψ

x

are $$2\pi $$

2
π

- periodic. We prove the global existence of solutions and analyze their large-time asymptotics.
Philosophy of Open Science
Authors: Leonelli Sabina
Published: July 2023

The Open Science [OS] movement aims to foster the wide dissemination, scrutiny and re-use of research components for the good of science and society. This Element examines the role played by OS principles and practices within contemporary research and how this relates to the epistemology of science. After reviewing some of the concerns that have prompted calls for more openness, it highlights how the interpretation of openness as the sharing of resources, so often encountered in OS initiatives and policies, may have the unwanted effect of constraining epistemic diversity and worsening epistemic injustice, resulting in unreliable and unethical scientific knowledge. By contrast, this Element proposes to frame openness as the effort to establish judicious connections among systems of practice, predicated on a process-oriented view of research as a tool for effective and responsible agency. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Future of AI Is in the States: The Case of Autonomous Vehicle Policies
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J. , Azevedo Lauren , Best Eric , Robles Pedro , Wang Jue
Published: July 2023

The myriad applications of artificial intelligence (AI) by the private and public sectors have exploded in the public consciousness in the postpandemic period. However, researchers and businesses have been working on AI technology applications for decades, and in many ways, governments are rushing to catch up. This article presents an argument that the future of AI policy in the United States will be driven in large part by current and future state-level policy experiments. This argument is presented by drawing on scholarship surrounding federalism, regulatory fragmentation, and the effects of fragmentation on business and social equity. The article then presents the case of autonomous vehicle policy in the states to illustrate the degree of current fragmentation and considers the effects of layering new AI policies on top of existing rules surrounding privacy, licensing, and more. Following this consideration of existing research and its application of AI policy, the article presents a research agenda for leveraging state differences to study the effects of AI policy and develop a cohesive framework for governing AI.
The incidence of psychotic disorders in the Republic of Ireland: a systematic review
Authors: Jacinto R. P. , Ding T. , Stafford J. , Baio G. , Kirkbride J. B.
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

Despite a substantial epidemiological literature on the incidence of psychotic disorders in Ireland, no systematic review has previously been undertaken. Such evidence can help inform understanding of need for psychosis care.

Methods:

We conducted a prospectively registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021245891) following PRISMA guidelines. We searched four databases (Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Embase) for papers containing incidence data on non-organic psychotic disorders, in people 16–64 years, published between 1950 and 2021 in the general adult population. We conducted duplicate screening, risk of bias assessments, and extracted data to a standardised template. We undertook a narrative synthesis for each major diagnostic outcome. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted for comparisons with ≥5 incidence rates.

Results:

Our search yielded 1975 non-duplicate citations, of which 23 met inclusion criteria, containing incidence data ascertained between 1974 and 2016 (median study quality: 5/8; interquartile range: 4–6). Incidence of all psychotic disorders (N = 4 studies) varied from 22.0 (95%CI: 17.3–28.0) in Dublin to 34.1 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 31.0–37.5) in Cavan and Monaghan. The pooled incidence of schizophrenia (N = 6 studies, N = 8 settings) was 20.0 per 100,000 person-years, though with imprecision around this estimate (95%CI: 10.6–37.5; I2: 97.6%). Higher rates of most outcomes were observed in men. There was consistent evidence of raised rates in more deprived and fragmented social environments, but no clear pattern by rural-urban status.

Conclusions:

Patterns of incidence of psychotic disorders in Ireland are broadly consistent with the wider literature from the Global North. Findings could help identify populations at higher risk of psychosis in Ireland.
Classifiers in competition for categorization
Authors: Peng Lin , Kang Sang-Gu
Published: July 2023

This research probed how classifiers marking an object’s membership in the grammar of classifier languages like Mandarin Chinese and Korean may influence their speakers to categorize objects differently compared to speakers of non-classifier languages like English. Surveys in multiple-choice format were given to native speakers of the three languages. Analysis of the results demonstrated that significant proportions of Mandarin Chinese and Korean speakers behaved differently from English speakers due to the classifier-based strategy influencing classifier language speakers’ categorization. Adopting the Competition Model, we suggest that among the various categorizing strategies available to language users, the one with the greatest strength at the moment of performing the task wins the categorization competition. Classifiers that are grammaticalized in classifier languages may be providing their speakers with a powerful cognitive tool to notice diverse characteristics shared between objects, which is usually unavailable to non-classifier languages. Therefore, the strength of classifier-based strategy in the minds of classifier language speakers is strong enough to win some of the categorization competitions, which guides them to make different categorizing decisions from non-classifier language users.
The Effect of Fox News on Health Behavior during COVID-19
Authors: Ash Elliott , Galletta Sergio , Hangartner Dominik , Margalit Yotam , Pinna Matteo
Published: July 2023

In the early weeks of the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Fox News Channel advanced a skeptical narrative that downplayed the risks posed by the virus. We find that this narrative had significant consequences: in localities with higher Fox News viewership—exogenous due to random variation in channel positioning—people were less likely to adopt behaviors geared toward social distancing (e.g., staying at home) and consumed fewer goods in preparation (e.g., cleaning products, hand sanitizers, and masks). Using original survey data, we find that the effect of Fox News came not merely from its long-standing distrustful stance toward science, but also due to program-specific content that minimized the COVID-19 threat. Taken together, our results demonstrate the significant impact that misinformation in media coverage can exert on viewers’ beliefs and behavior, even in high-stakes situations.
BATTLING THE LION: VISUAL COMMEMORATIONS OF CRUSADE IN TWELFTH- AND THIRTEENTH-CENTURY SEALS FROM THE BRITISH ISLES
Authors: Reynolds Gordon M
Published: July 2023

This article examines a group of five surviving twelfth- and thirteenth-century wax seal impressions from the British Isles that depict a scene of an armed knight in combat with a lion. This seal motif has tenuously been linked with crusading in the past, and so this paper seeks to address the connections between the sigillants and crusade, as well as the significance of commemoration of crusade culture on medieval seals. It highlights numerous links between this specific design and crusading experiences, literature and allegory. This paper focuses on an aspect of the medieval memory of crusade and the means of displaying chivalric, crusading identities within literate culture (on charters and letters) and in personal adornment.
SUM OF VALUES OF THE IDEAL CLASS ZETA-FUNCTION OVER NONTRIVIAL ZEROS OF THE RIEMANN ZETA-FUNCTION
Authors: WANANIYAKUL SAEREE , STEUDING JÖRN , RUNGTANAPIROM NITHI
Published: July 2023

We prove an upper bound for the sum of values of the ideal class zeta-function over nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. The same result for the Dedekind zeta-function is also obtained. This may shed light on some unproved cases of the general Dedekind conjecture.
EVERY ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION CONTAINS INFINITELY MANY b-NIVEN NUMBERS
Authors: HARRINGTON JOSHUA , LITMAN MATTHEW , WONG TONY W. H.
Published: July 2023

For an integer
$b\geq 2$
, a positive integer is called a b-Niven number if it is a multiple of the sum of the digits in its base-b representation. In this article, we show that every arithmetic progression contains infinitely many b-Niven numbers.
Kaolin particle film mitigates supra-optimal temperature stress effects at leaf scale and increases bean size and productivity of Coffea canephora
Authors: de Abreu Deivisson Pelegrino , Roda Newton de Matos , Krohling Cesar Abel , Campostrini Eliemar , Rakocevic Miroslava
Published: July 2023

In young plants of Coffea canephora, fine particle film based on calcined kaolin (KF) causes a decrease in leaf temperature (Tleaf), minimizing the damages to the photochemical apparatus, especially in summer season, but no report about the ecophysiological responses to KF over phenology is available on this species. We hypothesized that greater ecophysiological effects of KF would occur during the summer phenophase of leaf area and berry expansion (BE) compared with autumn berry maturation phase (BR), and that those benefits will have impact on bean productivity and physical quality. In this sense, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of KF on some ecophysiological parameters in the last phenophases of C. canephora biennial cycle, bean productivity, and bean size classification. During the complete phenological cycle, eight applications of KF were performed, totaling 80 kg of KF ha−1 in two years. KF applications and ecophysiological measurements occurred during the BE and BR phenophases. Firstly, we documented temporal dynamics in responses of field-grown C. canephora adult plants to KF application. KF reduced Tleaf and crop water stress index and increased the thermal index of relative stomatal conductance and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index) observed in the autumn BR (opposite to young plants). The positive impact of KF on chlorophyll a fluorescence was proportionally similar among the observed phenophases. Secondly, KF increased bean size 16 by 50% and increased total productivity. The plants treated with KF increased productivity by 1.7 t ha− commercially useful bean mass compared to the control. The kaolin dose of 40 kg ha−1 distributed four times per year was highly effective as a protection strategy against high-light and elevated Tair.
The physical volcanology of large-scale effusive and explosive silicic eruptions in southeastern Saurashtra, Deccan Traps
Authors: Naik Anmol , Sheth Hetu , Kumar Alok , Sheikh Janisar M.
Published: July 2023

Silicic magmatism, minor overall in the ∼65.5 Ma Deccan Traps continental flood basalt (CFB) province of India, was widespread in the Saurashtra region. We describe the physical volcanology of silicic volcanics and dykes exposed around Rajula–Savarkundla–Gariyadhar–Talaja towns in southeastern Saurashtra. The silicic volcanics conformably overlie basaltic lavas, suggesting rapid subaerial volcanism, and the sequence shows gentle tectonic dips (∼15°) towards the Arabian Sea. Rhyolites and dacites with preserved thicknesses of tens of metres show intense internal rheomorphic deformation, and a dacite shows a well-formed basal autobreccia. The rheomorphic rhyolites, and vitrophyres which often underlie them, lack vitroclasts (glass shards and pumice clasts). They have very similar mineral assemblages (quartz and alkali feldspar phenocrysts, and crystal cargoes dominated by calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene or orthopyroxene, sometimes with olivine). The rheomorphic units are thus flood rhyolite and dacite lavas, apparently common in the northern-northwestern Deccan, and the vitrophyres their basal chilled parts. Tuffs (including crystal-vitric Plinian fallout ash) and eutaxitic ignimbrites formed from pyroclastic density currents; one tuff contains extraordinary numbers of lithophysae. Ridges of rhyolitic tuff breccias with pervasive secondary silicification and ferruginization represent pyroclastic eruptive fissures. The area thus records large-scale effusive and explosive silicic eruptions. Mafic and silicic dykes intrude the basaltic lavas and rarely the silicic volcanics. Mafic enclaves in several silicic dykes and some volcanics indicate magma mingling as a common phenomenon. The seaward-dipping volcanic units define a regional-scale flexure comparable to coastal flexures in CFB provinces worldwide, suggesting extensive block-faulting of this classical volcanic rifted margin.
To the Nation, Belong the Archives: The Search for Manuscripts and Archival Documents in Postcolonial Morocco
Authors: Ahmed Sumayya
Published: July 2023

The trajectory of the Hassan II Prize for Manuscripts, a government initiative begun in the late 1960s to locate rare manuscripts in private collections, is a potent example of the role Arabic-script manuscript culture played in post-colonial nation-building in Morocco. This article presents the history of the Hassan II Prize for Manuscripts, demonstrating how Moroccan bureaucrats used the recovery of archival documents and especially historic manuscripts in Arabic-script, as part of a multi-faceted nation-building project after European colonization. Their project included connecting historic manuscripts to Moroccan identity and territorial sovereignty. It contends that the ramifications of linking these policies with documentary heritage would affect what came to be discovered, valorized, and preserved in the “national collection” and subsequently, what histories could be written.
God's creativity and religious diversity: a theistic argument for a transformative pluralism
Authors: Spica Marciano Adilio
Published: July 2023

In this article, my objective is to argue for the compatibility between religious diversity and Christian theism by invoking the concept of divine creativity. I propose that, if God is a being of infinite powers and infinite creativity, He is such that it is possible for Him to create different and varied realities in a continuous process of creation. More than that, given His infinite creativity, God can reveal Himself in the most creative and diverse ways possible. There is no need for Him to reveal Himself as one and in a unique way, as some scholars of Christian theism argue. Basing my discussion on these ideas, I suggest that from the infinite creativity of God, it is possible to develop an argument in favour of a transformative pluralist view in face of religious diversity.
Markets under Mao: Measuring Underground Activity in the Early PRC
Authors: Frost Adam K. , Li Zeren
Published: July 2023

In this article we develop and analyse novel datasets to retrace the persistence and scale of underground market activity in Maoist China. We show that, contrary to received wisdom, Chinese citizens continued to engage in market-based transactions long after “socialist transformation” was ostensibly complete, and that this activity constituted a substantial proportion of local economic output throughout the Maoist era. This helps to explain, in part, why, when markets were officially reopened in China, private economic activity took off. We arrive at these findings through the development and analysis of novel datasets based on unconventional historical sources – namely, a collection of 2,690 cases of “speculation and profiteering” that were recovered from flea markets in eastern China. We show how these grassroots sources can be systematically analysed and used, in lieu of official statistical aggregates, to develop new insights into the macro workings of the Maoist economy.
The use of protocolised care bundle to prevent paediatric cardiac surgical site infection in resource-limited setting
Authors: Alpat Safak , Asam Mehmet
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Surgical site infection is an important concern due to its association with morbidity and mortality after paediatric cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to present our approach and experience in the utilisation of a modified care bundle in a recently established paediatric cardiac surgical unit in the low-income region of Turkey.

Methods:

Between 2019 and 2021, we identified children who underwent cardiac surgical procedures and retrospectively collected relevant demographic data, disease characteristics, operational data, Risk Adjustment For Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) scores, and post-operative factors such as morbidities, mortality, critical care, and in-hospital stay lengths. Surgical site infections and late infections were scanned.

Results:

Ninety-six patients (49 males, 47 females) underwent a total of 127 surgical procedures during the study period. Overall adherence to the protocol was 94%, 100%, and 96% in the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative periods, respectively. There was no reported surgical site infection, and no late infection was encountered throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusions:

We conclude that a low rate of surgical site infection, or even a rate of nil, is attainable through the utilisation of locally standardised guidelines for its prevention.
Nova diet quality scores and risk of weight gain in the NutriNet-Brasil cohort study
Authors: Santos Francine Silva dos , Martinez Steele Eurídice , Costa Caroline dos Santos , Gabe Kamila Tiemman , Leite Maria Alvim , Claro Rafael Moreira , Touvier Mathilde , Srour Bernard , da Costa Louzada Maria Laura , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Monteiro Carlos Augusto
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To assess the prospective association of two diet quality scores based on the Nova food classification with BMI gain.

Design:

The NutriNet-Brasil cohort is an ongoing web-based prospective study with continuous recruitment of participants aged ≥ 18 years since January 2020. A short 24-h dietary recall screener including ‘yes/no’ questions about the consumption of whole plant foods (WPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) was completed by participants at baseline. The Nova-WPF and the Nova-UPF scores were computed by adding up positive responses regarding the consumption of thirty-three varieties of WPF and twenty-three varieties of UPF, respectively. Participants reported their height at baseline and their weight at both baseline and after approximately 15 months of follow-up. A 15-month BMI (kg/m2) increase of ≥5 % was coded as BMI gain.

Setting:

Brazil.

Participants:

9551 participants from the NutriNet-Brasil cohort.

Results:

Increasing quintiles of the Nova-UPF score were linearly associated with higher risk of BMI gain (relative risk Q5/Q1 = 1·34; 95 % CI 1·15, 1·56), whereas increasing quintiles of the Nova-WPF score were linearly associated with lower risk (relative risk Q5/Q1 = 0·80; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·94). We identified a moderate inverse correlation between the two scores (–0·33) and a partial mediating effect of the alternative score: 15 % for the total effect of the Nova-UPF score and 25 % for the total effect of the Nova-WPF score.

Conclusions:

The Nova-UPF and Nova-WPF scores are independently associated with mid-term BMI gain further justifying their use in diet quality monitoring systems.
Does Procedural Fairness Influence Evaluations of Government Efforts to Combat Gender-Based Violence? Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Rabello Kras Helen
Published: July 2023

Does information about the way victims of gender-based violence (GBV) are treated by the police influence evaluations of government policies to combat gender-based violence? I theorize that because most citizens have incomplete information about such policies, information about procedural fairness should be given more weight when forming evaluations of the government’s performance in this domain. Using original experiments embedded in public opinion surveys collected from Brazil, I find that information about procedural unfairness powerfully predicts more critical evaluations of GBV laws and the government’s performance in helping victims. In addition, these critical opinions influence bystander intervention attitudes. Mediation analysis confirms that views of procedural unfairness are critical in explaining these effects. The implications of the findings for the implementation of specialized services are discussed in the results and conclusion.
Climate Change and Potential Demise of the Indian Deserts
Authors: Rajesh P. V. , Goswami B. N.
Published: July 2023

In contrast to the “wet gets wetter and dry gets drier” paradigm, here, using observations and climate model simulations, we show that the mean rainfall over the semi‐arid northwest parts of India and Pakistan has increased by 10%–50% during 1901–2015 and is expected to increase by 50%–200% under moderate greenhouse gas (GHG) scenarios. The GHG forcing primarily drives the westward expansion of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and is facilitated by a westward expansion of the Indian Ocean (IO) warm pool. Mechanistically, the westward expansion of ISMR is a consequence of the episodic genesis over IO and the northward propagation of an expanded Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone on a sub‐seasonal time scale. While an adaptation strategy to increased hydrological disasters is a must, harnessing the augmented rainfall would lead to a substantial boost in food productivity, bringing transformative changes in the socio‐economic condition of people in the region.
Understanding Quiet and Storm Time EMIC Waves—Van Allen Probes Results
Authors: Remya B. , Halford A. J. , Sibeck D. G. , Murphy K. R. , Fok M.‐C.
Published: July 2023

Geomagnetic indices have been used as a proxy for studying electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave occurrences under different geomagnetic conditions. However, the drivers of EMIC waves are different during non‐storm, storm time and during individual storm phases. Using ∼7 years of data from the twin Van Allen Probes, we demonstrate that the occurrence probability of EMIC waves are not well captured by a specific geomagnetic activity index alone, but is rather well manifested by considering individual storm phases. We show EMIC wave occurrence statistics during different storm phases (pre‐onset, main and recovery) for geomagnetic activity indices Sym‐H, AE, and Kp and solar wind dynamic pressure Pdyn, illustrating that the occurrence rates vary significantly during different storm phases even for a given geomagnetic index. We also utilize this large database to show EMIC wave occurrence distribution, and how various wave and plasma parameters behave under different geomagnetic conditions. EMIC waves occur 2.9 times more often during geomagnetic storms than during non‐storm times. The majority (72%) of storm time EMIC waves occur during the recovery phase due to long recovering time, while the highest occurrence rates are in the pre‐onset phase, followed by main and recovery phases. EMIC waves in the main phase have occurrence peaks in the dusk to pre‐midnight sectors while recovery phase events spread to more Magnetic Local Time (MLT) sectors with peaks in the morning sector. Wave amplitudes are found to be evenly distributed across different MLT sectors during all geomagnetic conditions.
Bacterial–fungal interactions promote parallel evolution of global transcriptional regulators in a widespread Staphylococcus species
Authors: Cosetta Casey M , Niccum Brittany , Kamkari Nick , Dente Michael , Podniesinski Matthew , Wolfe Benjamin E
Published: July 2023

Experimental studies of microbial evolution have largely focused on monocultures of model organisms, but most microbes live in communities where interactions with other species may impact rates and modes of evolution. Using the cheese rind model microbial community, we determined how species interactions shape the evolution of the widespread food- and animal-associated bacterium Staphylococcus xylosus. We evolved S. xylosus for 450 generations alone or in co-culture with one of three microbes: the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii, the bacterium Brevibacterium aurantiacum, and the mold Penicillium solitum. We used the frequency of colony morphology mutants (pigment and colony texture phenotypes) and whole-genome sequencing of isolates to quantify phenotypic and genomic evolution. The yeast D. hansenii strongly promoted diversification of S. xylosus. By the end of the experiment, all populations co-cultured with the yeast were dominated by pigment and colony morphology mutant phenotypes. Populations of S. xylosus grown alone, with B. aurantiacum, or with P.solitum did not evolve novel phenotypic diversity. Whole-genome sequencing of individual mutant isolates across all four treatments identified numerous unique mutations in the operons for the SigB, Agr, and WalRK global regulators, but only in the D. hansenii treatment. Phenotyping and RNA-seq experiments highlighted altered pigment and biofilm production, spreading, stress tolerance, and metabolism of S. xylosus mutants. Fitness experiments revealed antagonistic pleiotropy, where beneficial mutations that evolved in the presence of the yeast had strong negative fitness effects in other biotic environments. This work demonstrates that bacterial-fungal interactions can have long-term evolutionary consequences within multispecies microbiomes by facilitating the evolution of strain diversity.