bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance exercise protects mice from protein-induced fat accretion
Authors: Trautman Michaela E , Braucher Leah N , Elliehausen Christian , Zhu Wenyuan G , Zelenovskiy Esther , Green Madelyn , Sonsalla Michelle M , Yeh Chung-Yang , Hornberger Troy A , Konopka Adam R , Lamming Dudley W
Published: November 2023

Low-protein (LP) diets extend the lifespan of diverse species and are associated with improved metabolic health in both rodents and humans. Paradoxically, many athletes and bodybuilders consume high-protein (HP) diets and protein supplements, yet are both fit and metabolically healthy. Here, we examine this paradox using weight pulling, a validated progressive resistance exercise training regimen, in mice fed either an LP diet or an isocaloric HP diet. We find that despite having lower food consumption than the LP group, HP-fed mice gain significantly more fat mass than LP-fed mice when not exercising, while weight pulling protected HP-fed mice from this excess fat accretion. The HP diet augmented exercise-induced hypertrophy of the forearm flexor complex, and weight pulling ability increased more rapidly in the exercised HP-fed mice. Surprisingly, exercise did not protect from HP-induced changes in glycemic control. Our results confirm that HP diets can augment muscle hypertrophy and accelerate strength gain induced by resistance exercise without negative effects on fat mass, and also demonstrate that LP diets may be advantageous in the sedentary. Our results highlight the need to consider both dietary composition and activity, not simply calories, when taking a precision nutrition approach to health.
Digital marketing program design based on abnormal consumer behavior data classification and improved homomorphic encryption algorithm
Authors: Cui Jun , Jiang Hao , Xu Zhendan
Published: November 2023

This article endeavors to delve into the conceptualization of a digital marketing framework grounded in consumer data and homomorphic encryption. The methodology entails employing GridSearch to harmonize and store the leaf nodes acquired post-training of the CatBoost model. These leaf node data subsequently serve as inputs for the radial basis function (RBF) layer, facilitating the mapping of leaf nodes into the hidden layer space. This sequential process culminates in the classification of user online consumption data within the output layer. Furthermore, an enhancement is introduced to the conventional homomorphic encryption algorithm, bolstering privacy preservation throughout the processing of consumption data. This augmentation broadens the applicability of homomorphic encryption to encompass rational numbers. The integration of the Chinese Remainder Theorem is instrumental in the decryption of consumption-related information. Empirical findings unveil the exceptional generalization performance of the amalgamated model, exemplifying an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.66, a classification accuracy of 98.56% for online consumption data, and an F1-score of 98.41. The enhanced homomorphic encryption algorithm boasts attributes of stability, security, and efficiency, thus fortifying our proposed solution in facilitating companies’ access to precise, real-time market insights. Consequently, this aids in the optimization of digital marketing strategies and enables pinpoint positioning within the target market.
Interactive bioacoustic playback as a tool for detecting and exploring nonhuman intelligence: “conversing” with an Alaskan humpback whale
Authors: McCowan Brenda , Hubbard Josephine , Walker Lisa , Sharpe Fred , Frediani Jodi , Doyle Laurance
Published: November 2023

Here we report on a rare and opportunistic acoustic turn-taking with an adult female humpback whale, known as Twain, in Southeast Alaska. Post hoc acoustic and statistical analyses of a 20-min acoustic exchange between the broadcast of a recorded contact call, known as a ‘whup/throp’, with call responses by Twain revealed an intentional human-whale acoustic (and behavioral) interaction. Our results show that Twain participated both physically and acoustically in three phases of interaction (Phase 1: Engagement, Phase 2: Agitation, Phase 3: Disengagement), independently determined by blind observers reporting on surface behavior and respiratory activity of the interacting whale. A close examination of both changes to the latency between Twain’s calls and the temporal matching to the latency of the exemplar across phases indicated that Twain was actively engaged in the exchange during Phase 1 (Engagement), less so during Phase 2 (Agitation), and disengaged during Phase 3 (Disengagement). These results, while preliminary, point to several key considerations for effective playback design, namely the importance of salient, dynamic and adaptive playbacks, that should be utilized in experimentation with whales and other interactive nonhuman species.
An ecological transcriptome approach to capture the molecular and physiological mechanisms of mass flowering inShorea curtisii
Authors: Suhaimi Ahmad Husaini , Kobayashi Masaki J. , Satake Akiko , Ng Ching Ching , Lee Soon Leong , Muhammad Norwati , Numata Shinya , Otani Tatsuya , Kondo Toshiaki , Tani Naoki , Yeoh Suat Hui
Published: November 2023

Climatic factors have commonly been attributed as the trigger of general flowering, a unique community-level mass flowering phenomenon involving most dipterocarp species that forms the foundation of Southeast Asian tropical rainforests. This intriguing flowering event is often succeeded by mast fruiting, which provides a temporary yet substantial burst of food resources for animals, particularly frugivores. However, the physiological mechanism that triggers general flowering, particularly in dipterocarp species, is not well understood largely due to its irregular and unpredictable occurrences in the tall and dense forests. To shed light on this mechanism, we employed ecological transcriptomic analyses on an RNA-seq dataset of a general flowering species,Shorea curtisii(Dipterocarpaceae), sequenced from leaves and buds collected at multiple vegetative and flowering phenological stages. We assembled 64,219 unigenes from the transcriptome of which 1,730 and 3,559 were differentially expressed in the leaf and the bud, respectively. Differentially expressed unigene clusters were found to be enriched with homologs ofArabidopsis thalianagenes associated with response to biotic and abiotic stresses, nutrient level, and hormonal treatments. When combined with rainfall data, our transcriptome data reveals that the trees were responding to a brief period of drought prior to the elevated expression of key floral promoters and followed by differential expression of unigenes that indicates physiological changes associated with the transition from vegetative to reproductive stages. Our study is timely for a representative general flowering dipterocarp species that occurs in forests that are under the constant threat of deforestation and climate change as it pinpoints important climate sensitive and flowering-related homologs and offers a glimpse into the cascade of gene expression before and after the onset of floral initiation.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management in Black Gram for its Yield and Quality in Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Chandar A. Dharnesh , Manuel R. Isaac , Joseph P. A. , Kumar K. Udhaya , Kumar P. Dinesh
Published: November 2023

A field experiment on integrated nutrient management practices for the field trial was conducted on a research farm at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences School of Agricultural Sciences. This experimental study was carried out in 2022-2023 during the Rabi seasons respectively. Black gram is one of the important pulse crops, grown throughout the country. There were 10 different treatment studies were implemented using a randomized block design. The results of the comparative analysis of the various treatments have highly stated that 75 % RDF + Soil application of 2 kg each of Rhizobial culture and Phosphobacteria+ Foliar spray of 1% TNAU Pulse wonder @ 30 and 45 DAS T7  is conducive for the cultivation of Blackgram (Vamban-8) with significant economics of production.
Digital Agriculture: The Future of Indian Agriculture
Authors: Kadam D. M. , Chouhan Deepak , Roy Tirtharaj , Prajapati Harshad A. , Tiwari Nimisha , Nandeha Nirjharnee , Mishra Roopal
Published: November 2023

Agriculture continues to be the dominant economic sector in India in terms of providing a living. Of the population, 58.2% are employed by it. The success of the agriculture sector determines the nation's social change and economic expansion. Although the amount produced by agriculture per person has been steadily increasing recently, the sector's GDP contribution has been declining. The main issue facing the so-called agrarian Indian economy is the slowdown in agricultural growth. Numerous factors contribute to the slowdown, including inadequate public funding for R&D and irrigation, ineffective input delivery, fragmented land, antiquated tenancy laws, a lack of contemporary market and rural infrastructure, unsuitable input pricing policies, and so on. Agriculture has embraced technology as a solution to all of these issues. Information and communication technology (ICT) and agriculture are coming together to create a new growth engine that makes all production, distribution, and consuming processes more efficient. The evolution of Indian agriculture and the concept of digital technology are the main topics of this paper.
Use of Common Herbs to Control Microbial Aerosols in Toilet Rooms
Authors: Nwala Noble I. , Ekwueme C. A. , Osebhajimhende Uguomore Edmond
Published: November 2023

Four distinct plant species were used in an investigation into the capacity of plant active volatile essence to eradicate microorganisms in the atmosphere (bioaerosols) in restrooms: Allium sativum (garlic), Allium cepa (onion), Zingiber officinalis (ginger), and Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf). The study was conducted in the student restrooms for microbiology at Rivers State University Nkpolu Oroworukwu in Port Harcourt. Sedimentation method of aerosol sampling was used to collect the air samples. Artificial culture media were exposed to air at different times, including nutrient agar for total heterotrophic bacteria, Mac Conkey agar for enteric bacteria, sadour and dextrose agar for aerobic fungi, thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar for vibrio, Cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar for urinary pathogens, and mannitol salt agar for staphylococcus.

Samples was taken from the toilet without any mashed plant and served as a control. The THB isolates identified were Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Lactobacillus sp, Enterococcus sp, Corynobacterium sp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia. While the fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger, pennicillum sp, Rhizopus sp, Saccharomyces sp, Mucor Sp, Candida sp, Asperillus flavus, Fusarium sp. It can be deduced that these medicinal herbs has the ability in reducing microbial aerosol using ginger, onion, scent leaf, garlic also by combination of the herbs which are Onion & garlic, Onion & garlic, Onion & ginger, Garlic & scent leaf, Garlic & ginger, Scent leaf & ginger, Onion, garlic & scent leaf, Onion, garlic & ginger, Garlic, Scent leaf & ginger, Onion, garlic, scent leaf & ginger. Specifically the microbial aerosols in this investigation including bacteria and fungi were Bacillus species, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus species, Lactobacillus species, Enterococcus species, Corynobacterium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia. Aspergillus niger, pennicillum species, Rhizopus species, Saccharomyces species, Mucors species, Candida species, Asperillus flavus, Fusarium species. This work proved that microbial load can be reduced using natural means (plant extract).
Programmable Dynamic Information Storage Composite Film with Highly Sensitive Thermochromism and Gradually Adjustable Fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Qin Shengyu , Zhang Shuoning , Sun Chang , Ren Yunxiao , Zhang Lanying , Liu Jiale , Xiao Jiumei , Hu Wei , Yang Huai , Yang Dengke
Published: November 2023

The development of an integrated material system capable of effectively organizing and combining multisource information, such as dynamic pigmentary, structural, and fluorescent colors, is significant and challenging. Achieving such programmable dynamic information storage can considerably enhance the diversity and security of information deliveries. Here, a polymer‐stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal system with highly temperature‐sensitive structural color and light‐sensitive pigmentary and fluorescence colors is presented. The prepared cholesteric liquid crystals (clcs) can reversibly change their structural color from red to blue within variational 3 °C near room temperature, and exhibit a gradually adjustable fluorescence which can transform from blue to pink and finally to bright red. All this dynamic information is programmable and tailored, hundreds of thousands of (>540 000) pattern combinations can easily be achieved by optical writing with a “bagua” pattern photomask. Therefore, if the corresponding code combinations to the pattern are assigned particular meanings, encrypted transmission of information with very high security can be achieved by utilizing applicable information encoding tables and decryption rules.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Delivery of Anti‐PU.1 siRNA via Localized Intracisternal Administration Reduces Neuroinflammation
Authors: Ralvenius William T. , Andresen Jason L. , Huston Margaret M. , Penney Jay , Bonner Julia Maeve , Fenton Owen S. , Langer Robert , Tsai Li‐Huei
Published: November 2023

Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia, the brain's immune cells, express many of the AD‐risk loci identified in genome wide association studies and present a promising target for anti‐inflammatory RNA therapeutics but are difficult to transfect with current methods. Here, several lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations are examined, and a lead candidate that supports efficient RNA delivery in cultures of human stem cell‐derived microglia‐like cells (iMGLs) and animal models of neuroinflammation is identified. The lead microglia LNP (MG‐LNP) formulation shows minimal toxicity and improves delivery efficiency to inflammatory iMGLs, suggesting a preference for delivery into activated microglia. Intraperitoneal injection of the MG‐LNP formulation generates widespread expression of the delivered reporter construct in all organs, whereas local intracisternal injection directly into the cerebrospinal fluid leads to preferential expression in the brain. It is shown that LNP‐mediated delivery of siRNA targeting the PU.1 transcription factor, a known AD‐risk locus, successfully reduces PU.1 levels in iMGLs and reduces neuroinflammation in mice injected with LPS and in CK‐p25 mice that mimic the chronic neuroinflammation seen in AD patients. The LNP formulation represents an effective RNA delivery vehicle when applied intrathecally and can be broadly utilized to test potential neuroinflammation‐directed gene therapies.
Long‐Acting Ocular Injectables: Are We Looking In The Right Direction?
Authors: Dang Mickael , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: November 2023

The complex anatomy and physiological barriers of the eye make delivering ocular therapeutics challenging. Generally, effective drug delivery to the eye is hindered by rapid clearance and limited drug bioavailability. Biomaterial‐based approaches have emerged to enhance drug delivery to ocular tissues and overcome existing limitations. In this review, some of the most promising long‐acting injectables (LAIs) in ocular drug delivery are explored, focusing on novel design strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes. LAIs are designed to enable sustained therapeutic effects, thereby extending local drug residence time and facilitating controlled and targeted drug delivery. Moreover, LAIs can be engineered to enhance drug targeting and penetration across ocular physiological barriers.
Photocatalytic Boryl Radicals Triggered Sequential B─N/C─N Bond Formation to Assemble Boron‐Handled Pyrazoles
Authors: Xie Yang , Zhang Ruilong , Chen Ze‐Le , Rong Mengtao , He Hui , Ni Shaofei , He Xiang‐Kui , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Xuan Jun
Published: November 2023

Vinyldiazo compounds are one of the most important synthons in the construction of a cyclic ring. Most photochemical transformations of vinyldiazo compounds are mainly focusing on utilization of their C═C bond site, while reactions taking place at terminal nitrogen atom are largely unexplored. Herein, a photocatalytic cascade radical cyclization of LBRs with vinyldiazo reagents through sequential B─N/C─N bond formation is described. The reaction starts with the addition of LBRs (Lewis base–boryl radicals) at diazo site, followed by intramolecular radical cyclization to access a wide range of important boron‐handled pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. Control experiments, together with detailed mechanism studies well explain the observed reactivity. Further studies demonstrate the utility of this approach for applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research.
Hybrid Transverse Magneto‐Thermoelectric Cooling in Artificially Tilted Multilayers
Authors: Uchida Ken‐ichi , Hirai Takamasa , Ando Fuyuki , Sepehri‐Amin Hossein
Published: November 2023

In artificially tilted multilayers comprising two different conductors that are alternately and obliquely stacked, transverse thermoelectric conversion occurs, in which charge and heat currents are interconverted in the orthogonal direction. Although transverse thermoelectric conversion also occurs in homogeneous materials as an intrinsic transport phenomenon owing to the effects of magnetic fields, magnetization, and spins on conduction carriers, such magneto‐thermoelectric effects are investigated independently of thermoelectrics for artificially tilted multilayers. Here, this study shows that the synergy of these different principles improves the performance of transverse thermoelectric conversion. Using lock‐in thermography techniques, transverse thermoelectric conversion processes are visualized in artificially tilted multilayers and the experiments clarify how nonuniform charge currents are converted into orthogonal heat currents. Through the measurements of temperature change under magnetic fields, the contributions of the magneto‐thermoelectric effects are quantified in the artificially tilted multilayers and magnetically enhanced hybrid transverse thermoelectric cooling is demonstrated. By replacing one of the conductors in the multilayer with permanent magnets, the same functionality is obtained even in the absence of magnetic fields, paving the way for the creation of “thermoelectric permanent magnets” that exhibit efficient transverse thermoelectric conversion together with spontaneous magnetization. This study provides a new material design guideline for transverse thermoelectrics.
CO2‐Etching Creates Abundant Closed Pores in Hard Carbon for High‐Plateau‐Capacity Sodium Storage
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Hu Sijiang , Yin Wenji , Peng Jiao , Wang Rui , Jin Jun , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Wang Huanwen , Fan Hong Jin
Published: November 2023

Hard carbon (HC) has become the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but its plateau capacity at ≈0.1 V (Na+/Na) is still much lower than that of graphite (372 mAh g−1) in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a CO2‐etching strategy is applied to generate abundant closed pores in starch‐derived hard carbon that effectively enhances Na+ plateau storage. During CO2 etching, open pores are first formed on the carbon matrix, which are in situ reorganized to closed pores through high‐temperature carbonization. This CO2‐assisted pore‐regulation strategy increases the diameter and the capacity of closed pores in HC, and simultaneously maintains the microsphere morphology (10–30 µm in diameter). The optimal HC anode exhibits a Na‐storage capacity of 487.6 mAh g−1 with a high initial Coulomb efficiency of 90.56%. A record‐high plateau capacity of 351 mAh g−1 is achieved, owing to the abundant closed micropores generated by CO2‐etching. Comprehensive in situ and ex situ tests unravel that the high Na+ storage performance originates from the pore‐filling mechanism in the closed micropores.
Galectin‐3 is upregulated in frontotemporal dementia patients with subtype specificity
Authors: Borrego–Écija Sergi , Pérez‐Millan Agnès , Antonell Anna , Fort‐Aznar Laura , Kaya‐Tilki Elif , León‐Halcón Alberto , Lladó Albert , Molina‐Porcel Laura , Balasa Mircea , Juncà‐Parella Jordi , Vitorica Javier , Venero Jose Luis , Deierborg Tomas , Boza‐Serrano Antonio , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to the progression of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), a microglial activation regulator, holds promise as a therapeutic target and potential biomarker. Our study aimed to investigate Gal‐3 levels in patients with FTD and assess its diagnostic potential.

METHODS

We examined Gal‐3 levels in brain, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with FTD and controls. Multiple linear regressions between Gal‐3 levels and other FTD markers were explored.

RESULTS

Gal‐3 levels were increased significantly in patients with FTD, mainly across brain tissue and CSF, compared to controls. Remarkably, Gal‐3 levels were higher in cases with tau pathology than TAR‐DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP‐43) pathology. Only MAPT mutation carriers displayed increased Gal‐3 levels in CSF samples, which correlated with total tau and 14‐3‐3.

DISCUSSION

Our findings underscore the potential of Gal‐3 as a diagnostic marker for FTD, particularly in MAPT cases, and highlights the relation of Gal‐3 with neuronal injury markers.
Enhancing the Treating Efficacy of Immunotherapy through the Restructure of Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Gong Bokai , Jia Wenfeng , Zhou Yang , Xu Yanyan , Wei Ya , Gao Huile
Published: November 2023

The therapeutic modes of cancers have been profoundly renovated by immunotherapies, which have shown extraordinary treating efficacy in certain tumor entities. However, the majority of cancer patients have not profited from it because of the negative effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) on human innate and/or adaptive immunity, including hypoxia, acidification, irregular vasculature, and a plethora of immunosuppressive cells and small molecules, which contribute to tumor progression, migration, resistance to drug, and so forth. Accordingly, it is feasible to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies and increase the patients’ survival through the restructure of TME. Herein, the mechanisms and reverberations of aforementioned immunosuppressive elements are concentrated on, and latest therapeutic achievements and combined technologies that have been demonstrated effective in boosting immunotherapies by TME modulation are enumerated.
Non‐oxidative Methane Activation over Molybdenum and Tungsten Nitride Catalysts
Authors: Shahryari Mohsen , Pajootan Elmira , Ghavipour Mohammad , Kopyscinski Jan
Published: November 2023

In this study, molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and mixed metal oxide and ‐nitride catalysts are synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation on silica support (SBA‐15) with a total target metal loading of 4 wt %. The effect of the Mo : W ratio on the non‐oxidative methane conversion, product selectivity, and coke formation is evaluated. The reduced Mo/SBA‐15 and MoW/SBA‐15 catalysts show higher CH4 conversion activity to benzene (selectivity of ~75.5 %) than for ethylene (selectivity of ~9.5 %) with a rather fast coke formation rate of 19–24 mgCoke gCat−1 h−1 without a clear influence of the Mo : W ratio. In contrast, the metal nitrides have a much smaller coke formation rate. The smallest rate of 0.45 mgCoke gCat−1 h−1 is achieved for the WN/SBA‐15 sample, which increases with the molybdenum content to 4.7 and 8.6 mgCoke gCat−1 h−1 for the MoWN(5 : 1) and MoN/SBA‐15 catalysts, respectively. There seems to be a yet unknown but negative correlation between the coke formation rate and the number of silanamine functional groups formed during the catalyst nitridation (Si−OH→≡Si−NH2→≡Si−NH−Si≡). The C2H4 selectivity is significantly increased with the relative amount of tungsten, with the highest C2H4 selectivity of 63 % for mixed‐metal nitride catalyst containing Mo : W ratio of 1 : 5. While the Mo/SBA‐15 the MoN/SBA‐15 achieve a C2H4 selectivity of less than 10 %.
Redox‐Mediated Amination of Pyrogallol‐Based Polyphenols
Authors: Ashirbaev Salavat S. , Brás Natércia F. , Frei Patricia , Liu Kuangjie , Moser Simone , Zipse Hendrik
Published: November 2023

Flavonoids are known to covalently modify amyloidogenic peptides by amination reactions. The underlying coupling process between polyphenols andN‐nucleophiles is assessed by severalin vitroandin silicoapproaches. The coupling reaction involves a sequence of oxidative dearomatization, amination, and reductive amination (ODARA) reaction steps. The C6‐regioselectivity of the product is confirmed by crystallographic analysis. Under aqueous conditions, the reaction of baicalein with lysine derivatives yields C−N coupling as well as hydrolysis products of transient imine intermediates. The observed C−N coupling reactions work best for flavonoids combining a pyrogallol substructure with an electron‐withdrawing group attached to the C4a‐position. Thermodynamic properties such as bond dissociation energies also highlight the key role of pyrogallol units for the antioxidant ability. Combining the computed electronic properties andin vitroantioxidant assays suggests that the studied pyrogallol‐containing flavonoids act by various radical‐scavenging mechanisms working in synergy. Multivariate analysis indicates that a small number of descriptors for transient intermediates of the ODARA process generates a model with excellent performance (r=0.93) for the prediction of cross‐coupling yields. The same model has been employed to predict novel antioxidant flavonoid‐based molecules as potential covalent inhibitors, opening a new avenue to the design of therapeutically relevant anti‐amyloid compounds.
A resilient self‐healing approach for active distribution networks considering dynamic microgrid formation
Authors: Zhao Ruifeng , Tan Yonggui , Lu Jiangang , Guo Wenxin , Du Hongwei
Published: November 2023

A large number of renewable distributed generation (DG) systems connect to the distribution network, affecting the structure of the traditional distribution network and forming an active distribution network (ADN). Although the accelerating grid penetration of DGs brings significant challenges to the distribution network operation, the islanded operation capability of DGs provides a flexible solution to the self‐healing of ADNs from faults. To ensure that ADN can quickly recover and reconfigure in the event of a fault and continue to maintain safe, economical, and reliable operation, this paper proposes a dynamic microgrid formation method for ADNs combined with the dynamic network reconfiguration and intentional islanding operation of DGs. An optimization model is designed to represent the proposed self‐healing method, maximizing the load restoration and minimizing the DG cost, line network loss, and voltage excursion simultaneously. A binary hybrid optimization solver is applied to pursue the optimal self‐healing schedules from the optimization model. The self‐healing method is evaluated on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 33‐node system and the IEEE 123‐node system, which indicate its rationality and effectiveness fully verified. By optimizing the on and off states of the normally open switches and the on‐grid and off‐grid operation states of DGs, ADNs not only get healed with minimum load curtailment, but also achieve minimal DG generation cost, network loss, and node voltage deviation. In addition, compared with traditional solvers, the proposed solver has a slightly higher computational time than the corresponding solver.
Experimental study on the flow characteristics of supercritical CO2 in reservoir sandstones from the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Zhu Qianlin , Chen Dongbao , Lu Shijian , Jiang Shaojin
Published: November 2023

Understanding the flow characteristics of supercritical CO2 in dry sandstones or those with low water content provides crucial information on the flow behavior in near‐wellbore zone. We conducted supercritical CO2 core flooding experiments using sandstone cores extracted from potential CO2 reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, China. During the experiments, we reduced the water content of saturated cores by flushing with dry CO2 and subsequently vacuumizing them at a temperature of 35°C to simulate sandstones with low water content. The experimental results demonstrate that the CO2 permeability was initially high during the low differential pressure stage and remained constant as the differential pressure increased. In the carbonic acid solution injection experiment, we observed an increase in the flow rate of the solution with the continuous interaction in the cores from the Shanxi and Shihezi groups, while the Yanchang group exhibited the opposite effect. This increase in permeability can be attributed to mineral dissolution and the loss of fine particles. Conversely, the blockage of fine particles or the precipitation of dissolved minerals may lead to a decrease in permeability. After the CO2–water–rock interaction, the CO2 permeability decreased compared to before the interaction, indicating that adsorbed water, the precipitation of dissolved mineral, or pore throat blockage by fine particles could induce this permeability decrease. The impact of adsorbed water on the decrease in CO2 permeability is significant. Additionally, the CO2–water–rock interaction caused corrosion on the anorthite surface. Furthermore, calcite dispersed in connected pores displayed a more pronounced dissolution compared to cemented calcite. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PLS‐SEM: A method demonstration in the R statistical environment
Authors: Legate Amanda E. , Ringle Christian M. , Hair Joseph F.
Published: November 2023

In line with calls to stimulate methodological diversity and support evidence‐based human resource development (HRD) through quantitative competencies, we present a methods demonstration leveraging open‐source tools and lesser‐known quantitative research methods to support the HRD research community and applied HRD in the workplace. In this paper, we provide an informative introduction to partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). We discuss PLS‐SEM application trends in the field of HRD, present key characteristics of the method, and demonstrate up‐to‐date metrics and evaluation guidelines using an illustrative model. Our PLS‐SEM demonstration and explanations can serve as a valuable resource for practitioners concerned with substantiating results for organizational stakeholders and support researchers in methodological decision‐making while avoiding common pitfalls associated with less familiar methods. Our step‐by‐step demonstration is conducted in open‐source software and accompanied by explicitly coded operations so that readers can easily replicate the illustrative analyses presented.
Gender differences in the burden of multiple sclerosis in China from 1990 to 2019 and its 25‐year projection: An analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study
Authors: Wang Heng , Zhang Xia , Li Heyan , Sun Zixi , Zhong Yong
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a crippling, chronic, gender‐related disease that causes burdens to individuals and society. China has a considerable and increasing population of MS. We aim to analyze the gender disparities in the burden of MS in China and predict the trends.

Methods

The study was conducted based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Data on incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of MS in China from 1990 to 2019 was descriptively analyzed by year, gender, and age group. The Nordpred package in R (version 4.2.2) was used for age‐period‐cohort analysis to predict the all‐ages numbers and age‐standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs in China from 2020 to 2044.

Results

The number of prevalent cases of MS in 2019 reached 18,143.56 (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 13,997.71–22,658.60) in males and 24,427.11 (95% UI: 18,906.02–30,530.21) in females in China. The peak age of prevalence was shifted from 40–44 years in 1990 to 45–49 years in 2019 in females but remained unchanged in males. In contrast to the increased age‐standardized prevalence rate, the age‐standardized death rate (ASDR) and age‐standardized DALYs rate showed downward trends, which were more significant in females. Different from the global, Chinese males showed lower prevalence but higher deaths and DALYs than females for age‐standardized rates and numbers. In the next 25 years, the patient population will remain large and peak around 44,599.78 in 2025–2029. The ASDR, age‐standardized DALYs rate, and DALYs number were expected to decrease. The improvements in deaths and DALYs will be more significant in females.

Conclusion

Males with MS had a lower prevalence but higher deaths and DALYs than females in China. The ASDR and age‐standardized DALYs rate have reduced over the past 30 years and were expected to continue decreasing, especially in females. The burden of MS will remain notable in the next 25 years.
Conductive passivating contact for high fill factor monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Wang Jin , Ren Ningyu , Liu Pengfei , Li Xingliang , Wang Sanlong , Han Wei , Zhu Zhao , Liu Jingjing , Huang Qian , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: November 2023

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PK/Si TSCs) blaze the way in pushing power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond the single‐junction Shockley–Queisser limit. Meanwhile, localized defects in perovskite subcells result in a lower fill factor (FF), which limits further improvement of PCE in PK/Si TSCs. Herein, we report a conductive passivation contact layer by posttreatment of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride (BDAC) zwitterion molecule on the perovskite surface. It can passivate the positive and negative localized defects, inhibit the formation of Pb0, and spontaneously convert the perovskite surface to be a more n‐type conductive contact layer for charge separation. These combined enhancements enabled a PCE of 21.4% with an enhanced VOC of 80 mV and an FF of 82.84% for the inverted single‐junction device prepared by the two‐step method. Moreover, BDAC passivation achieved a PCE of 28.67% with an FF of 80.02% for PK/Si TSCs. In addition, the scaling‐up device with an active area of 11.879 cm2 delivers a PCE of 24.46%, and a minimodule with power conversion over 2 W is designed and fabricated.
The barriers to interprofessional care for cancer cachexia among Japanese healthcare providers: A nationwide survey
Authors: Naito Tateaki , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Aso Sakiko , Konishi Masaaki , Saitoh Masakazu , Baracos Vickie E. , Coats Andrew J. , Anker Stefan D. , Sherman Lawrence , Klompenhouwer Tatiana , Shirotani Noriyasu , Inui Akio , Arai Hidenori
Published: November 2023

Background

Cancer cachexia is a severe complication of advanced malignancy, with few therapeutic options. To promote interprofessional care for cancer cachexia, healthcare providers' needs should be addressed in detail. This pre‐planned subgroup analysis of the Global Educational Needs Evaluation: a systemic interprofessional study in cancer cachexia (GENESIS‐CC) survey aimed to identify barriers to interprofessional care of cancer cachexia in Japan.

Methods

A nationwide survey was electronically conducted for healthcare providers in oncological or general healthcare facilities from January to March 2021 in Japan. The Japanese Regional Advisory Board developed a barrier scoring system with 33 from the 58 original survey items to quantify six domains of barriers: (1) lack of confidence, (2) lack of knowledge, (3) barriers in personal practice, (4) barriers in perception, (5) barriers in team practice and (6) barriers in education. The largest possible barrier score was set at 100 points. We compared the scores by profession.

Results

A total of 1227 valid responses were obtained from 302 (24.6%) physicians, 252 (20.5%) pharmacists, 236 (19.2%) nurses, 218 (17.8%) dietitians, 193 (15.7%) rehabilitation therapists and 26 (2.0%) other professionals. Overall, 460 (37.5%) were not very or at all confident about cancer cachexia care, 791 (84.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that care was influenced by reimbursement availability and 774 (81.9%) did not have cancer cachexia as a mandatory curriculum. The largest mean barrier score (± standard deviation) was 63.7 ± 31.3 for education, followed by 55.6 ± 21.8 for team practice, 43.7 ± 32.5 for knowledge, 42.8 ± 17.7 for perception and 36.5 ± 16.7 for personal practice. There were statistically significant interprofessional differences in all domains (P < 0.05), especially for pharmacists and nurses with the highest or second highest scores in most domains.

Conclusions

There is a need to improve the educational system and team practices of cancer cachexia for most Japanese healthcare providers, especially pharmacists and nurses. Our study suggests the need to reform the mandatory educational curriculum and reimbursement system on cancer cachexia to promote interprofessional care for cancer cachexia in Japan.
The impact of cardiac rehabilitation for older adults with heart failure who underwent invasive cardiac treatment eligible for long‐term care needs certification: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Asai Masaru , Nishizaki Yuji , Nojiri Shuko , Nakagami Sachiko , Dohmae Soshi , Suzuki Yukio , Chiba Taiga , Yokoyama Miho , Minamino Tohru
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to assess the usefulness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for older adults with heart failure (HF) who need nursing care and investigate the effect of CR on cognitive function (CF) and basic activities of daily living (BADL).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. The study included older adults with HF eligible for long‐term care insurance in fiscal year 2014 (FY2014) as the baseline and followed them up until March 2018. Patients were divided into two groups, CR (+) and CR (−), and the changes in their CF and BADL scores over time for 3 years were investigated.

Results

Of the 765 patients included in the study, 36.5% performed CR. BADL scores in the CR (+) and CR (−) groups (mean (SE)) were 5.81 (0.26) vs. 5.87 (0.20) in FY2014, 5.6 (0.28) vs. 5.92 (0.21) in FY2015, 5.72 (0.31) vs. 6.15 (0.22) in FY2016, and 5.64 (0.33) vs. 6.40 (0.25) in FY2017, respectively. BADL scores worsened over time in the CR (−) group but had a trend to inhibit decline in the CR (+) group, and a significant difference was observed between both groups (p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed a significant difference in CR as a factor suppressing ADL decline after 1 year (adjusted odds ratios: 0.54, 95% confidence intervals: 0.36–0.82; p = 0.004). However, no significant difference in the CF scores was observed.

Conclusion

CR for older adults with HF eligible for long‐term care needs certification does not affect CF and may suppress ADL decline.
Associations among Challenge Stress, Hindrance Stress, and Employees' Innovative Work Behavior: Mediation Effects of Thriving at Work and Emotional Exhaustion
Authors: Xie Jinyan , Wen Zhonglin , Ma Yiming , Cai Baozhen , Liu Xiqin
Published: November 2023

Employees' innovative work behavior (IWB) is one of the key factors in improving organizational competitiveness. Previous studies show that challenge and hindrance stress can impact employees' IWB, but our understanding of the exact mechanism underlying the impact is still limited. The present study employed four scales (Challenge and Hindrance Stress Scale, Thriving at Work Scale, Chinese Emotional Exhaustion Scale, and Employee Innovative Behavior Scale) to collect questionnaire data from 789 employees in diverse organizations via an online platform. A two‐path mediation model was constructed. The results show that: (a) challenge stress positively predicted thriving at work and IWB; (b) thriving at work played a partial mediation effect between challenge stress and IWB; (c) hindrance stress negatively predicted thriving at work and positively predicted emotional exhaustion; and (4) hindrance stress did not directly impact IWB while thriving at work and emotional exhaustion were main mediators in the relationship between hindrance stress and IWB. These findings suggest that employees should sensibly cope with different work stresses, while managers should plan work tasks scientifically and give employees adequate opportunities to learn and rest in order to keep them in a positive state to solve problems and work creatively.
Assessment of bone defect morphology for the adjunctive use of bone grafting combined with enamel matrix derivative: A 3‐year cohort study
Authors: Matsuura Takanori , Mikami Risako , Mizutani Koji , Shioyama Hidehiro , Aoyama Norio , Suda Tomonari , Kusunoki Yukako , Takeda Kohei , Izumi Yuichi , Aida Jun , Aoki Akira , Iwata Takanori
Published: November 2023

Background

There have been limited studies with statistically sufficient sample sizes for assessment of suitable bone defect morphology for combination therapy with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bone grafting. The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate feature of intrabony defects, such as bone defect angle (DA) and the containment by bony wall, for yielding the additional benefit of bone grafting in combination with periodontal regenerative therapy using EMD.

Methods

Following periodontal regenerative therapy using EMD with or without autologous bone grafting, 282 intrabony defects of 177 participants were maintained for 3 years. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the radiographic bony defect depth (RBD) reduction after adjusting for confounders.

Results

The baseline parameters, except for the proportion of contained bony defects and tooth mobility, did not differ significantly between the groups with and without bone grafts. There was no significant difference in the improvement of clinical parameters between the groups. The 1‐ and 3‐year reduction of RBD showed significant inverse correlations with preoperative DA only in the group without bone graft. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed a significant interaction between DA at baseline ≥40° and adjunctive bone grafting in the reduction of RBD, regardless of the number of bony walls.

Conclusion

Adjunctive autologous bone grafting with enamel matrix derivative might be significantly beneficial for defect depth improvement in the case of DA at baseline ≥40°.
Identifying Slim Modiolar Electrode Tip Fold‐Over With Intracochlear Electrocochleography
Authors: Varghese Jordan J. , Walia Amit , Lefler Shannon M. , Ortmann Amanda J. , Shew Matthew A. , Durakovic Nedim , Wick Cameron C. , Herzog Jacques A. , Buchman Craig A.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate the predictive value of intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) for identifying tip fold‐over during cochlear implantation (CI) using the slim modiolar electrode (SME) array.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Methods

From July 2022 to June 2023, 142 patients, including adults and children, underwent intracochlear ECochG monitoring during and after SME placement. Tone‐bursts were presented from 250 Hz to 2 kHz at 108 to 114 dB HL. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) allowed for frequency‐specific evaluation of ECochG response. ECochG patterns during insertion and postinsertion were evaluated using sensitivity and specificity analysis to predict tip fold‐over. Intraoperative plain radiographs served as a reference standard.

Results

Fifteen tip fold‐over cases occurred (10.6%) with significant ECochG response (>2 µV). Sixty‐one cases without tip fold‐over occurred (43.0%) with significant ECochG response. All tip fold‐overs had both a nontonotopic postinsertion sweep and nonrobust active insertion pattern. No patients with robust insertion or tonotopic sweep patterns had tip fold‐over. Sensitivity of detecting tip fold‐over when having both nonrobust insertion and nontonotopic sweep patterns was 100% (95% confidence inteval [CI] 78.2%‐100%), specificity was 68.9% (95% CI 55.7%‐80.1%), and the overall accuracy was 72.0% (95% CI 60.5%‐81.7%).

Conclusion

Intracochlear ECochG monitoring during cochlear implantation with the SME can be a valuable tool for identifying properly positioned electrode arrays. In cases where ECochG patterns are nonrobust on insertion and nontonotopic for electrode sweeps, there may be a concern for tip fold‐over, and intraoperative imaging is necessary to confirm proper insertion.
Efficacy of S53P4 Bioactive Glass for the Secondary Obliteration of Chronically Discharging Radical Cavities
Authors: Kroon Victor J. , Mes Steven W. , Borggreven Pepijn A. , van de Langenberg Rick , Colnot David R. , Quak Jasper J.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Present the results of the secondary obliteration of chronically discharging radical cavities using S53P4 bioactive glass (BAG).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single‐center study.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients that underwent secondary obliteration of persistently draining radical cavities using S53P4 BAG between 2011 and 2022. Patients with middle ear cholesteatoma were excluded. The main outcome was postoperative otorrhea, as indicated by Merchant grading.

Results

In total, 97 patients were included. The median postoperative follow‐up time was 3.9 years (range 0.5‐10.4). Average time between the original canal wall down surgery and the secondary obliteration was 25.3 years (SD 11.7, range 2‐66). At the most recent follow‐up visit, a Merchant grade of 0 to 1 was observed in 95% of the cases. There were no cases of sensorineural hearing loss or facial palsy, one case developed a retro auricular skin defect and 1 patient developed CSF leakage. Minor complications were seen in 10 patients (10%). Ossicular chain reconstruction with a titanium prosthesis was performed in 42 cases, resulting in a median improvement of 11.2 dB in air conduction thresholds. In 9/42 cases (21%), closure of the postoperative air‐bone gap to ≤20 dB was achieved. Twenty‐five percent of cases could be discharged from out‐patient visits.

Conclusion

Revision of persistently draining radical cavities with BAG obliteration is feasible and results in a dry and safe ear in 95% of the patients, thereby enabling wearing of a conventional hearing aid. Out‐patient visits could be ceased in 25% of the cases.