bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐19: Morphological Analysis of Disposed Screen and Disposing Processes Optimization by Robust Design
Authors: Lee Seung‐Houn , Nam Geon‐Yong , Kim Jin‐Pal
Published: January 2005

In the CRT image quality, the geometrical morphology of phosphor such as the phosphor thickness and density is important to maintain uniform color. In this work, the morphology of screen is analyzed by Morphological Analysis to establish the relationship between the Morphology of Phosphor and Image quality. To do this the Morphology of screen is measured by non‐contact profiler. The non‐contact profiler permits to measure precisely geometrical characteristics of phosphor on the screen. From the different process condition the screen surface is measured and analyzed to search optimal process condition.
P‐20: A Predictor Method Based on Neural Network for CRT Cut‐off Potential Control
Authors: Mo C. N. , Luo M. S. David , Yeh C. H. , Wang T. C.
Published: January 2005

A predictor system based on neural network to control the cut‐off potential voltage within a stable range in CRT manufacturing was proposed. The neural networks and the genetic algorithms are presented for minimize the error value between the predicted and the desired by regulating the affect parameters. Utilizing this forecast system, the mechanical factors could be adjusted in advance and the cut‐off potential voltage would have a suitable control. This method is applied on the quality assurance department to demonstrate the stability of the cut‐off potential voltage and the CRT mass production performance.
P‐21: Deflected Beam Analysis System for Electron Gun
Authors: Ahn Ho Young , Kim Jeong Nam , Yang Hack Cheol , Yim Sang Hoon , Jang Hyung Wook , Oh Tae Sik , Cho Yoon Hyoung , Fukishima Masakazu
Published: January 2005

A deflected beam analysis system for the design of electron gun has been developed. Magnetic field measurement machine is established to get the magnetic field distribution of a deflection yoke. The 3‐D Gaussian beamlet theory taking the magnetic field into account is used to obtain space charge density distribution. The comparison results between simulation and measurement show that deflection sensitivity and focus characteristic differences are within 1 % and 10 %, respectively.
P‐22: Hysteresis Loss in the Ferrite Core of a Deflection Yoke
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Yin Hanchun , Harberts Dirk W.
Published: January 2005

A new method is developed for estimating the hysteresis loss of a ferrite core of a deflection yoke. With this method, the losses of various ferrite materials are measured as a function of frequency and temperature. The results are compared to theory and are used to estimate the hysteresis loss in a 17″CMT ferrite core.
P‐24: Incorporation of Optiva Polarizers in LCD Production Line
Authors: Bobrov Y. , Lazarev P. , McMurtry D. , Remizov S.
Published: January 2005

A new concept of a production line for fabrication of LC displays with Optiva polarizers is discussed. Depending on LCD design the polarizer may be formed at diverse stages of the LCD process. A common approach and basic features of incorporation of new polarizer in LCD mass production are considered. Prototype equipment was fabricated and sample TN LC displays were produced to demonstrate the viability of this new technology.
P‐31: Cell Gap Measurement Methods for Low‐Cell‐Gap and Single‐Polarizer Reflective LCDs
Authors: Lee Seo Hern , Park Won Sang , Lee Gi‐Dong , Kim Jae Chang , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: January 2005

We propose two novel methods to measure the cell gap of a liquid crystal cell. One is a method to measure the cell gap of a low cell‐gap TNLC cell by rotating a quarter‐wave retarder. With the proposed method, we can measure the cell gap d of TNLC cells with d < 4 μm. The other is a method to measure the cell gap of a single‐polarizer reflective LC cell as well as the wavelength dependence of the retardation Δnd by using a spectrometer.
P‐33: A Novel TFT‐LCD Characterization Method Using Retention Measurement
Authors: Tokuhiro Osamu , Furumoto Katsuyiki , Sorida Mikinari , Miyazaki Yoshihiro
Published: January 2005

We have developed an optical measurement system for TFT‐LCD cells which measures not only conventional optical characteristics such as voltage‐transmittance, flicker and response time but also retention time. By using specific TFT driving condition, retention time measurement can address the cause of various current leakage problems.
7.2: OLED and LED Displays with Autonomous Pixel Matching
Authors: Salam P.
Published: January 2005

This paper discusses control systems that provide intensity and color matching for OLED displays and large outdoor LED displays. A side‐light sensor for an OLED display enables pixel intensity and color correction parameters to be established and updated automatically during the display lifetime. Correction parameters for the LED display, also, can be established and updated.
P‐37:Design of a Thin Multiple‐Lamp Backlight System by Optical Simulation
Authors: Park Jonglee , Lim Sungkyoo
Published: January 2005

The thin vertical type backlight system was designed by optical simulation. The high luminance and large size backlight can be designed efficiently by using optical simulation. The simulated backlight system showed 90% of uniformity with thickness less than 10mm.
P‐40: Effect of CH4 Plasma Post Treatment on Carbon Nanotubes by MPECVD
Authors: Chu Hack Rhym , Jung Jae‐Hoon , Park Gong‐Seok
Published: January 2005

We have successfully developed vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Ni/Fe alloy metal substrate by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPECVD) and methane (CH4) plasma post treatment was carried out on its surface. When CH4 plasma exposure time increased, the turn‐on electric field of CNTs decreased from 2.6V/μm to 1.8V/μm with a steep I‐V curve. It is found that the electron emission characteristics of CNTs are strongly influenced not only by the growth condition but also by the post treatment as CH4 plasma. Furthermore, we investigate the structure of the CNTs by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis and obtained the lifetime over 800 hours by measurement of emission current versus time.
P‐42: Effects of Deposition Temperature on the Etched Feature of Thin Chromium Film and Their Application to Field Emitter Arrays (FEAs)
Authors: Kim Hoon , Park Jong‐Won , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Yun‐Hi , Oh Myung‐Hwan , Jang Jin
Published: January 2005

The etched features of the thin Chromium (Cr) films deposited on SiO2‐Si substrate were investigated as a function of substrate temperature during rf‐sputtering deposition. In this work, the changes of both the grain structures and crystallographic orientations of sputtered Cr‐films as a function of substrate temperature were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurement. In these measurements, we found that the tapering angle (θt) of thin Cr‐film after reactive ion etching depends on the deposition condition, especially, substrate temperature during rf‐sputtering process. Based on the obtained results, we fabricated the two kinds of Cr‐gated Mo‐tip field emitter arrays (FEAs): one is a FEAs with tapered gate electrode (tapering gated FEAs, θt ≤ 90°) and the other is a FEAs with tapering‐free gate electrode (non‐tapering gated FEAs, θt = 90°), compared the electron emission characteristics for this two kinds of FEAs.
P‐43: A Simple Structure and Fabrication of Carbon‐Nanotube Field Emission Display
Authors: Choi Y. S. , Kang J. H. , Kim H. Y. , Lee Y. J. , Kim J. W. , Jung J. E. , Kim J. M. , Jin Y. W. , Lee N. S. , Jo S. H. , Choi K. S. , Lee C. G. , You J. H.
Published: January 2005

A triode structure of field emission displays based upon carbon nanotube emitters is presented. In this structure, gate electrodes are located underneath cathode electrodes with an in‐between insulating layer, so called an under‐gate type triode structure. The modulation of electron emission by changing gate voltages is confirmed. The advantage of simple structure and fabrication processes may lead the under‐gate triode type structure to the practical applications.
7.3: ISIS: a 28‐in 2k×2k LCD Monitor for Air Traffic Control Applications
Authors: Santy Patrick
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe development of a 20‐in by 20‐in LCD monitor to be used as the main display for Air Traffic Control applications.
P‐45: Performance of in‐situ Laser Vacuum Sealing and Annealing on the Panel for the Application of Field Emission Displays
Authors: Hong J. P. , Seo D. S. , Kim C. O. , Cha S. N. , Song B. K. , Park N. S. , Lee N. S. , Kim J. M. , Chee J. K.
Published: January 2005

In‐situ laser sealing and annealing treatments have been performed inside a high vacuum chamber for efficient completion process of field emission displays. A high power Nd:YAG continuous wave (λ = 1,064nm) laser was mainly used as an irradiation source was used as a source. In a packaging scheme, the most vital part of the panel was kept at temperature below 300°C to shorten the entire panel process. Experimental work exhibits efficiently local hitting of frit by the laser to stitch both cathode and anode plate during the short time. In addition, laser treatment on electrophoretically deposited phosphors has been carried out as one of efficient post‐annealing methods in order to improve the brightness of the phosphor coated on indium‐tin oxide‐coated glasses. For the annealing process, two basic parameters, such as laser power and treatment time were examined inside the same vacuum chamber. The experimental results presented useful laser‐annealing time and enhanced improvement of about 10% in the brightness after the laser irradiation on the phosphor. The improvement in the brightness was thought due to the surface cleaning effect on the phosphor surface.
P‐51: Preparation of (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+ Phosphor with High Luminescent Efficiency by New Synthetic Method
Authors: Kim Dong‐Kuk , Yoon Seon‐Mi , Park Cha‐Joo , Byeon Song‐Ho , Park Jung‐Chul , Kim Bong‐Chul , Lee Byung‐Kyo
Published: January 2005

To improve the luminescent efficiency of conventional (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+ red‐phosphor for the plasma display panel (PDP), we have developed a new synthetic method such that the stoichiometric amount of boric acid is reacted with small‐sized and spherical (Y,Gd)2O3:Eu3+ phosphor oxides prepared by thermal decomposition of urea. The sol‐gel method using citric acid as a complex‐networking and fuel agents was also applied to compare the difference in luminescent efficiency under the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation depending on the synthetic methods. In this study, the most efficient composition of orthoborate was determined to be (Y0.64Gd0.31)BO3:0.05Eu3+. Orthoborate phosphor materials prepared by this new synthetic method have exhibited more effective VUV absorption in the range from 140 nm to 180 nm, and thus higher emissive brightness under the PDP operating condition than those of commercial phosphor and materials prepared in sol‐gel method. It is proposed that the present new synthetic method can improve crystalline purity and spherical morphology of phosphor particles and thereby the luminescent efficiency.
P‐52: Luminescence Properties of Pr‐Doped Perovskite Titanate Phosphors
Authors: Kang Seung‐Youl , Byun Jung‐Woo , Kim Jin Young , Suh Kyung‐Soo , Lee Jin Ho , Cho Kyung Ik , Kang Seong‐Gu
Published: January 2005

We presented luminescence properties of various perovskite titanate phosphors like ATiO3:Pr3+ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Ca1−xBax, Sr1−xBax). Especially, the effect of Ga addition on the luminescence properties was of our interest. Without the Ga addition, the SrTiO3:Pr3+ and BaTiO3:Pr3+ rarely showed red luminance, while the CaTiO3:Pr3+ phosphor had very intense red luminescence at low concentration of Pr. The Ga addition caused the luminescence enhancement for all of the above perovskite titanate phosphors, especially, the SrTiO3:Pr3+ showed the most outstanding enhancement. Also, we investigated the effects of the change of the A‐site in the perovskite phase, ATiO3. While the partial replacement of Ca with Ba led the lumincescence to decrease, the partial substitution of Sr with Ba of 20 mole % led the luminescence to increase about 2 times.
P‐55: A New Test for the Presence of Eu3+ in Eu2+ Doped Phosphors. Eu3+ has been found in Plasma (BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+) and Long Persistence (Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+, Dy3+) Phosphors
Authors: Silver J. , Withnall R. , Newport A. , Martinez‐Rubio M. I. , Ireland T. G. , Mash P. J. , Vecht A.
Published: January 2005

Stokes and anti‐Stokes emission from Eu3+ doped lattices has been observed on excitation with the 632.8 nm line of a He/Ne laser. These lattices include Y2O3, YNbO4 and YVO4. A test for Eu3+ in Eu2+ phosphors has been developed enabling the assessment of purity of Eu2+ containing long persistence and plasma phosphors. This has implications for new synthetic routes to these phosphors.
P‐60: The Effects of Barrier Ribs on Address and Sustain Discharges in PDP Studied by Three‐dimensional Simulation
Authors: Chung Woo Joon , Seo Jeong Hyun , Yoon Cha Keun , Kim Joong Kyun , Jeong Dong Cheol , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: January 2005

Three‐dimensional fluid code was used to investigate the effect of barrier ribs on the addressing and the sustaining discharges. The barrier rib height and the cell pitch are the main parameters used in this study. The lower barrier rib height allows the faster addressing but requires the higher sustain voltage, while the wider cell pitch allows the lower address and sustain voltages. We used the voltage transfer curve to analyze the sustain period.
P‐61: A Novel Lateral Pixel Structure for Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Goodarzi A. , Foumani A. Akhavan , Mohajerzadeh S. , Gitibin M. , Miri A. , Khakifirooz A. , Soleimani E. Asl
Published: January 2005

A novel pixel structure is proposed in which plasma is generated laterally between two electrodes. Unlike conventional PDPs, where the electrodes are defined on two different substrates and their spacing is controlled by barrier ribs, the spacing in this technique is adjusted by photolithography. Also the structure used in this approach does not need transparent conductors like ITO. The isolation of the electrodes is possible by a silicon‐nitride layer. Measurement results for 50×70μm2 pixels are presented.
P‐63: Development of AC‐PDP Tubeless Packaging Method and their Operating Characteristics
Authors: Choi Seung‐Woo , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Duck‐Jung , Lee Yun‐Hi , Oh Myung‐Hwan , Moon Gwon‐Jin , Kim Jun‐Dong , Jeoung Jin‐Wook , Kim Young‐Cho
Published: January 2005

In this work, we have improved new tubeless packaging technologies using an indirect glass‐to‐glass electrostatic bonding and an organic binder bonding to the PDP. Both methods were performed more at less temperature than 200°C. AC‐PDPs were successfully packaged in He‐Ne(27%)‐Xe(3%) and the packaging properties were compared with conventional method. We observed light emission and the operation characteristics as function of time variation were investigated. Also, we proposed next generation packaging method.
P‐64: Improvement of Color Temperature Using Address Voltage Pulse During Sustain Period of AC‐PDP
Authors: Cho Ki‐Duck , Jang Sang Hun , Kim Sang Cheol , Tae Heung‐Sik , Choi Kyung Cheol , Kim Joon‐Yub , Lee Seok‐Hyun
Published: January 2005

A new driving technique of applying the auxiliary pulses to only the address electrodes with the blue phosphor layers during sustain‐period is proposed to improve the color temperature of an AC‐PDP. This auxiliary pulses can increase the intensity of blue light, such that the color temperature of an AC‐PDP can be improved without any modification of cell structure and degradation of image quality.
P‐66: New Photo‐Alignment Technology Based on Chalcone Moieties: Molecular Design and Process Development
Authors: Nakata S. , Kimura M. , Kumano A. , Takeuchi Y.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, factors affecting the pretilt angle are investigated for our newly‐developed photo‐alignment materials. We believe that two factors are crucial for the pretilt angle generation. That is, surface tension of the alignment films, and the incident angle of the LPUV light which may affect the surface order degeneracy. In addition, our development efforts of the photo‐alignment materials will be shortly summarized.
P‐69: A Novel Color Filter for Vertical‐Alignment Mode LCDs
Authors: Moriya N. , Suemasu A.
Published: January 2005

We have researched the materials for the protrusion, controlling tilt directions of LC. And for introducing the column spacer to the color filter for Vertical‐Alignment mode LCDs, we investigated the relationship between the protrusion and the column spacer. We also developed the method to construct them in one process.
P‐73: Numerical Calculation of Using Low Azimuthal Anchoring to Achieve Zigzag Free SmC State with a Low Pretilt Angle
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Kurihara Ryuji , Bos Philip J. , Kobayashi Shunsuke
Published: January 2005

By investigating the balance between surface azimuthal anchoring energy and bulk elastic energy within the confined chevron layer geometry of C1 and C2 states, we propose that it is possible to get zigzag free C1 state by low azimuthal anchoring alignment at low pretilt angle. Its relationship with elastic constant, chevron angle as well as surface topography effect are also discussed.
P‐75: Optical Performance of Compensated Normally Black and Normally White TN Modulated PLLCDs
Authors: Ahn S.‐H. , Davey A. B. , Crossland W. A.
Published: January 2005

The possibility of obtaining a wider and symmetric isocontrast region around normal incidence in the polar diagram for Normally Black (NB) and Normally white (NW) active matrix TN modulated PLLCDs is investigated. Using an extended Jones matrix approach and Poincare sphere representation for an obliquely incident beam, the effects of several compensation means are studied for TN‐PLLCD. We find that NB TN modulated PLLCD shows a better integrated contrast ratio (ICR) than that for NW over all collimation angles and is more responsive to compensation.
P‐76: Numerical Simulations of Nematic Liquid Crystal by Finite Difference Method
Authors: Ou C. R. , Ho G. S. , Yoo C. J. , Seng W.
Published: January 2005

In spite of the fact that many simulation programs have already been commercialized, this article provides a reliable methodology for the simulation of the director field of liquid crystal. The present method is easier to be applied than ref. [1,2], especially in various asymmetric pretilt orientations and twists angles. Through this technique, ITRI/OES is developing a series of spreadsheets. Present work is simple and easy to be extended to dynamics and two/three dimensional simulations. The giving grid test also shows that for small discrete numbers the errors will become serious while position is near the rubbing surface. Some of the published simulation works do not mention about this.
8.2: Transformation of Electron Emission Behavior on Mo‐tip FEAs by Diamond‐Like Carbon Coating
Authors: Jung Jae‐Hoon , Park Gong‐Seok
Published: January 2005

We have demonstrated that DLC coated Mo FEAs are very stable under operation when the hydrogen‐free DLC film is deposited by a layer‐by‐layer deposition technique using PECVD. In order to optimize the preparation condition of the DLC film, the thickness of the DLC layers on the Mo tips were changed from 10 nm to 100 nm. The turn‐on voltages for pure Mo‐tip FEAs are about 60, and 51, 46, 54 and 78 V for thickness of 10, 20, 50 and 100 nm, respectively. In addition to the decrease in turn‐on voltage, the anode current is also increased by adopting a DLC layer on Mo FEAs except for the case of the 100 nm thick DLC coating. Therefore, it is confirmed that the operating voltage of Mo FEAs can be remarkably decreased by DLC coating. Furthermore, the emission patterns from a layer‐by‐layer DLC coated FEAs were found to be more stable compared to conventional Mo FEAs.
P‐80: Stiffness Measurements of Polymer‐Networked Nematic Liquid Crystal Devices
Authors: Dessaud Nathalie , Raynes Peter , Walton Harry
Published: January 2005

The electro‐optic properties of polymer networked liquid crystals formed in an electric field show that the polymer network tends to align the liquid crystal molecules in the direction the director had during exposure, with a strength depending on the concentration of the polymer network, and suggest that the polymer network is not distributed uniformly throughout the cell thickness.
P‐83: A New Reflective Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display Mode with Large Cell Gap for Direct View Applications
Authors: Chen Jun , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: January 2005

We propose a new reflective twisted nematic display mode, which is called the second minimum RTN mode. This mode has a larger dΔn value compared with the first minimum RTN mode which we proposed previously. A cell gap of 7 μm or larger can be used for this mode which makes the fabrication processing of this kind of reflective LCDs easier and more compatible with that of TN LCDs. The color dispersion in both bright and dark states of this display mode is small, and the response is reasonably fast considering the 7 μm cell gap. This display mode can be used in conjunction with TFT active matrix for high quality reflective displays for PDAs, and cell phones. It is also suitable for passive low cost applications such as watches and games.
P‐86: Grid‐Aligned Multi‐Domain Mode
Authors: Konovalov V. A. , Muravski A. A. , Timofeev S. N. , Yakovenko S. Y. , Pelzl J.
Published: January 2005

A new method to obtain multi‐domain textures in homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal displays is proposed and the mechanisms responsible for texture formation are described. We present textures and electrooptic properties for various possible pixel geometries.
P‐87: Optical Configuration of a Horizontal‐Switching Cell for a High‐Performance Reflective LCD
Authors: Yoon T.‐H. , Lee G.‐D. , Kim J. C.
Published: January 2005

An optical configuration for a horizontally‐switched reflective LCD that could provide high reflectance as well as high contrast is proposed. We have shown that the proposed configuration can provide a flat reflection spectrum with very high reflectance in the bright state experimentally and theoretically.
8.3: Operation of FEAs in Hydrogen and the Development of Thin Film Metal Hydrides for Integration into FEDs
Authors: Chalamala Babu R. , Reuss Robert H.
Published: January 2005

We demonstrate that having hydrogen inside the operational ambient of field emission displays results in significantly improved display life. However, improving device performance by incorporation of gas phase hydrogen into thin glass packages is a difficult task. In this paper, we report on the development of solid state hydrogen sources utilizing thin film metal hydrides, which can be easily integrated into field emission displays. We show that these metal hydride thin films provide a practical means to incorporate solid state hydrogen sources into field emission displays. Using stainless steel anodes coated with TiH2 thin films, we demonstrate the successful operation of molybdenum field emitter arrays without emission current loss for 400 hours of continuous operation. Comparable arrays operated in the absence of hydrogen, but in an ultrahigh vacuum had emission current degradation of over 50% in less than 100 hours of operation.
4.2: Polymer Network‐Stabilized Monostable FLCDs Using Cholesteric‐Chiral Smectic C Phase Transition Material
Authors: Choi Suk‐Won , Choi Su‐Seok , Shin Hyun‐Ho , Kwon Soon‐Bum
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we propose a polymer network‐stabilized mono‐stable FLCDs using Ch‐SC* phase transition material. We have confirmed mono‐domain characteristics had been kept stable throughout the cycle of temperature transition; from SC* phase to the isotropic phase or Ch phase and back to the SC* phase. This method is quite effective to prevent undesirable generation of random two domains under the thermal treatments. So, additional alignment process that makes mono‐domain phase by a DC field is no more necessary. We investigated its EO properties and developed the prototype 14.1″ diagonal full‐color display for practical use, the performance of which is reported.
P‐88: Viewing Angle Enhancement of TN LCD Using E‐type Polarizers
Authors: Paukshto Michael , Silverstein Louis
Published: January 2005

The results of the modeling and optimization of a 90° TN LCD using Optiva V017 thin‐film E‐polarizer material reveal remarkable viewing angle and chromaticity characteristics. The on‐state photopic transmission using the V017 material approaches the level achieved with high‐efficiency sheet polarizers.
LP‐6: Design of a Quarter Wave Plate with Wide Viewing Angle and Wide Wavelength Range for High Quality Reflective LCDs
Authors: Ishinabe Takahiro , Miyashita Tetsuya , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: January 2005

One polarizer type reflective LCDs require a quarter wave plate. However, conventional quarter wave plate using uniaxial retardation films have poor viewing angle and high wavelength dependences. In this paper, we designed a quarter wave plate with wide viewing angle and wide wavelength range by using three biaxial retardation films. In addition, we realized a high quality reflective LCD with wide viewing angle range and high contrast ratio by applying this quarter wave plate and wide‐view polarizer to the R‐OCB cell.
P‐89: Reflection Improvement for D‐ILA™
Authors: Kozakai Takashi , Hori Yoshihiro , Sugihara Masato , Sato Fuminori , Hamagami Kou
Published: January 2005

JVC released D‐ILA™ (Direct Drive Image Light Amplifier) which is featured extra bright, high definition (true SXGA) and high contrast images in 1998. We confirmed 85% of reflectivity can be obtained as the average of 500–600nm, and also 80% as R and B channel with modification of Pixel Gap Leveling and Reflection enhancement layers.
P‐91: Thermal Analysis for LCoS Engine
Authors: Cheong Kyeongbeom , Lee Hanjoo , Lee Han‐yong , Park Joonchan , Kim Sungtae , Cho Chulsik
Published: January 2005

We have developed a thermal analysis model and full 3‐dimensional finite element thermal analysis using ANSYS for the whole LCoS engine including lamp, IR filter, fly's eye integrator arrays, PBS array, polarizer, PBS and dichroic cubes, etc. Temperatures for all the components of the engine were computed and verified with the experimental results. Some guidelines to aid thermal management and design were presented.
P‐92: Thermal‐Optical Simulations on ColorQuad™ for Image Quality
Authors: Ou C. R. , Lee W. T. , Chung S. C. , Lin C. C. , Lin L. C.
Published: January 2005

This article presents a methodology on the analysis of the thermal effects in the ColorQuad™ for the image quality. ColorQuad™ is one of the most promising optical components in the projection display system. Various types of thermal effects might occur in optical system. ITRI/OES is developing a study methodology that combines different kinds of commercial software (ASAP™ FlowTherm™ and ANSYS™). The ability to simulate the multi‐physics phenomena is important to the analysis of the image quality for various optical components. This simulation indicates that the cooling system will cause depolarization of the light in the first PBS, which will degrade the contrast ratio of the system.
P‐97: A Highly Accurate Measurement Method to Adjust a Multi‐Screen Display for an Ultra High‐Definition and Wide‐Screen System
Authors: Kanazawa M. , Kondoh I. , Okano F.
Published: January 2005

A multi‐screen ultra‐high definition display is realized by combining four SXGA LCD projectors. Elaborate techniques with a digital camera and mountain‐like patterns for the measurement and the concentrated placement of four projectors enable to conduct precise correction of geometric errors and color shading between screens.
33.4: The Effect of Monomer Functionality on HPDLC Performance and Aging
Authors: Colegrove J. , Fiske T. , Lewis A. , Yuan H. , Bowley C. , Crawford G. P. , Kelly J. , Silverstein L.
Published: January 2005

Materials selection plays an extremely important role in the performance and aging characteristics of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLC). A strong dependence of electro‐optic performance and aging properties on monomer functionality is reported. Materials formed with lower functionality monomers exhibited better long‐term optical and drive‐voltage characteristics than those formed from higher functionality monomers. These aging characteristics are linked to different polymer morphologies.
35.1: Moving Picture Quality Improvement for Hold‐type AM‐LCDs
Authors: Kurita Taiichiro
Published: January 2005

Deterioration of moving picture quality due to hold‐type displays is investigated with simulations using a special CRT. Two methods to improve moving picture quality are proposed and evaluated.
9.1: Combined Image Decompression and Display Driving Using Wavelet‐Based Multiple Line Addressing
Authors: Lawrence N. A. , Wilkinson T. D. , Crossland W. A.
Published: January 2005

A novel method of generating column waveforms for multiple‐line addressing (MLA) of STN‐LCDs is proposed. Row waveforms are designed based on a matrix representation of multi‐scale discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs), leading to a low‐power system suitable for mobile communication devices.
35.3: A Black Stripe Driving Scheme for Displaying Motion Pictures on LCDs
Authors: Nose T. , Suzuki M. , Sasaki D. , Imai M. , Hayama H.
Published: January 2005

A novel driving scheme that enables displaying motion‐pictures on LCDs is proposed, and a prototype LCD has successfully been demonstrated with a fast response LC cell. In this driving scheme, scanning black stripes are inserted in displayed images so that impulsive emission like that of CRTs can be produced. It is found that the LCD has a markedly improved motion‐image quality compared with conventional LCDs.
35.4: New TFT‐LCD Driving Method For Improved Moving Picture Quality
Authors: Kawabe K. , Furuhashi T. , Tanaka Y.
Published: January 2005

Present TFT‐LCD has low dynamic contrast when displaying moving pictures, such as TV and DVD. By applying a dynamic contrast compensating driving method to a TN‐mode and IPS‐mode TFT‐LCD, moving picture quality is improved more than with conventional fast response driving method.
P‐91: Effect of UV‐ozone Treatment as a Function of Time on the Surface Electronic Structure of Indium Tin Oxide
Authors: Kim Soo Young , Lee Jong‐Lam , Kim Ki‐Beom , Tak Yoon‐Heung
Published: January 2005

We report the change of surface electronic structure of indium tin oxide (ITO) as a function of UV‐ozone treatment time. The voltage at the current of 100 mA/cm2 is lowered as a function of UV‐ozone treatment time. It was found that the atomic concentration of carbon decreased, and that of oxygen increased. This leads to the increase of ITO work function via the reduction of turn‐on voltage.
4.4: 200 dpi 3‐a‐Si:H TFTs Voltage‐Driven AM‐PLEDs
Authors: Kim Joo‐Han , Kanicki Jerzy
Published: January 2005

In this paper we describe opto‐electronic properties of 200 dpi 3‐a‐Si:H TFT voltage‐driven AM‐PLEDs. In this display design the output current level drifts induced by either process variations or device aging can be reduced by adjusting the driver a‐Si:H TFT operating point with the active resistor. Our first green lightemitting AM‐PLED prototype had brightness of 50 cd/m2and fill factor of about 45%.
4.5: 200 dpi 4‐a‐Si:H TFTs Current‐Driven AM‐PLEDs
Authors: Hong Yongtaek , Nahm Jeong‐Yup , Kanicki Jerzy
Published: January 2005

In this paper, for the first time, we report 200 dpi current‐driven active‐matrix organic polymer light‐emitting displays based on five‐terminal, four amorphous silicon thin‐film transistors TFTs pixel electrode circuits, which compensate for the threshold voltage shift of organic polymer light‐emitting devices and TFTs.
5.1: Invited Paper: High Efficacy PDP
Authors: Oversluizen G. , Dekker T. , Gillies M. F. , de Zwart S. T.
Published: January 2005

The trade‐off between PDP panel efficacy improvement and driving voltages is investigated for several design factors. It is found that for a proper combination of an increased Xecontent, cell design, and the use of a TiO2‐layer combined with “non‐saturating” phosphors, a large increase of both efficacy and luminance can be realized at moderately increased drive voltages. In a 4‐inch color test panel a white efficacy of 4.4 lm/W and a luminance of 5000 cd/m2 is obtained for sustaining at 250 V in addressed conditions.
5.4: Long Gap Discharge Characteristics Based on Control of Voltage Distribution among Three Electrodes for Positive Column AC‐PDPs
Authors: Kim Hyun , Tae Heung‐Sik , Chien Sung‐Il
Published: January 2005

The positive column discharge characteristics in the long gap 440 μm are investigated based on the voltage distribution among three electrodes. In particular, the effects of the amplitude and width of the short pulse applied to the address electrode on the positive column discharge characteristics are examined intensively. By proper controlling of the amplitude and width of the address short pulse, it is found that the positive column discharge in the long gap is well constructed. As a result, under the stable static voltage margin condition, the firing and sustaining voltages are as low as those of conventional short gap60 μm discharge and the color purity is improved. Moreover, the luminous efficiency increases up to 60% in comparison with the conventional case.
6.1: The Fast Intelligent Tracking F!T Tube: Active Spot Positioning in a CRT without a Shadow Mask
Authors: Engelaar P. J. , van Lieshout P. J. G.
Published: January 2005

The F!T tube is a new type of CRT without a shadow mask. Correct color selection is performed by an electronic system, measuring the landing positions of the electron beams and correcting them through a dedicated deflection system. In this paper, we describe the analysis of the electronic measurement and control system of the Fast Intelligent Tracking Tube. On the basis of the transfer function, controller design of the tracking system is explained. Included results illustrate the feasibility of the concept.
6.2: Magnetic Field Due to a Thick infinitely Long Coil of Arbitrary Croos‐section
Authors: Dasgupta Basab B.
Published: January 2005

Formalism is developed for calculating the magnetic field due to a deflection coil, which is infinitely long, but has a finite thickness with an arbitrary cross‐sectional shape. The result is expressed as a harmonic expansion. Special case of a RAC coil is explored.
6.4: 15‐68KHz Flat Spiral‐Winding Flyback Transformer
Authors: Chang N. Z. , Liang GuoEn , Fan Q. , Chang Kern
Published: January 2005

A 15‐68KHz Flat spiral‐winding Flyback transformer features a HV ringing ratio of 3%
7.1: An Image Quality Wire‐Grid Polarizing Beam Splitter
Authors: Gardner Eric , Hansen Doug
Published: January 2005

MOXTEK 1 introduces a flat ProFlux™ wire‐grid polarizing beam splitter for use in projection systems where preservation of image quality is required upon reflection at the PBS. This paper discusses advantages obtainable when using the ProFlux™ flat PBS in projection display architectures, and reasons for these advantages. Specifically, these advantages include high system contrast, simplified designs with various LCOS panels, and inherent high durability.
7.2: A 4.3‐inch Full‐colour a‐Si:H TFT Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display with 312 ppi
Authors: Kretz T. , Arfuso S. , Gomez G. , Lebrun H.
Published: January 2005

A 4.3″ full‐colour AMLCD with a density of 312 pixels per inch was developed using a standard a‐Si:H TFT technology. This display is compatible with high definition professional monitors and more precisely for collimated head display applications in term of transmission, reflectivity, viewing angle, colour purity and automotive environmental conditions.
8.2: Wavelength Divided Trans‐reflective Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Zhou F. , Yang D.‐K.
Published: January 2005

We have designed a novel trans‐reflective liquid crystal display that utilizes a dielectric mirror and electric controlled birefringence ECB effect of a liquid crystal cell. The visible spectrum is divided into two regions with the transmissive mode operated in short wavelength region and the reflective mode operated in long wavelength region. The display has the advantages: 1 the brightness as a function of applied voltage is the same for both modes, 2 it does not need absorption films such that there is no light loss for the backlight.
8.3: A Single Cell‐Gap Transflective Color TFT‐LCD by using Image‐Enhanced Reflector
Authors: Huang Yi‐Pai , Su Mu‐Jen , Shieh Han‐Ping David , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: January 2005

The image quality of single cell gap transflective color TFT‐LCDs can be enhanced by building an image‐enhanced reflector above the transmissive region of liquid crystal cell, where both reflective and transmissive portions achieve high optical efficiency, same response time and color saturation. Furthermore, this transflective color TFTLCD requires only single retardation film, and can achieve ambient light and backlight utilization ratio to 68.4% and 23.9% respectively. With image‐enhanced reflector built in, a high image performance display under both bright and dark ambience can be accomplished.
9.1: A 3.5‐inch OLED Display using a 4‐TFT Pixel Circuit with an Innovative Pixel Driving Scheme
Authors: Kageyama Hiroshi , Akimoto Hajime , Ouchi Takayuki , Kasai Naruhiko , Awakura Hiroki , Tokuda Naoki , Sato Toshihiro
Published: January 2005

A new pixel circuit for the “clamped inverter driving method” reported previously is developed. The pixel circuit is composed of four TFTs, one capacitor and five signal lines including power supply. A 3.5‐inch OLED display with the proposed new pixel circuit has been fabricated by LTPS processing and COG of an existing LCD driver chip. A vertical scanning circuit and selector switches are integrated in the panel. The proposed driving scheme is confirmed as OLED display to produce 6‐bit gray‐scale, gamma correction, and peak luminance with clear full‐color images.
9.3: 2.2″ QCIF Full Color Transparent AMOLED Display
Authors: Lee Kwan Hee , Ryu Seoung‐ Yoon , Kwon Jang Hyuk , Kim Sang Wook , Chung Ho Kyoon
Published: January 2005

We have developed 2.2‐inch transparent active matrix organic light emitting diode AMOLED with semitransparent cathode contact technology on the organic layer of electroluminescent device. The transparent AMOLED shows the emission from both the bottomside and the topside. The contrast ratio was enhanced because of non‐reflecting cathode with respect to the conventional display and when the device was turned off, it showed about 20% of transparency
10.3: Rear Projection TV: Single Panel LCOS Lumen Throughput
Authors: Jepsen Mary Lou
Published: January 2005

The main challenge for single‐panel LCOS liquid crystal on silicon rear projection TV is lumen throughput. Lumen estimates for q single panel LCOS optical rear projection systems are presented. ∼350–450 lumen throughput is predicted using a 120W UHP lamp at 540 color field per second update rates with a WXGA 1280×768 0.82″ LCOS pane for the HDTV color gamut. These predictions correlate with measured results. With the addition of a white “color” field, 850 lumens are possible using a 200W lamp with a single panel LCOS optical engine. Still higher lumen outputs are possible in front projection single panel LCOS systems with a less saturated color‐space, or smaller color gamut, as is typical for front projection systems. The efficacy improvements with single panel LCOS are attributed to 1 improved system F‐number 2 New liquid crystal mode 3 new driving schemes leading excellent 100% duty cycles and 4 engine design to match the attributes of MicroDisplay's 0.82″ diagonal LCOS panel.
10.5: Ultra High Contrast Color Management System for Projection Displays
Authors: Pentico Clark , Newell Michael , Greenberg Mike
Published: January 2005

A high‐performance color management architecture is presented for use in 2‐ and 3‐panel LCoS projection display systems. Benefits of the proposed system include extremely high contrast at low f/−, excellent uniformity, adjustable color gamut, high reliability, and elimination of stress birefringence issues that have plagued previous color management systems for LCoS. We discuss the design and conceptual layouts of the new UltreX™ architecture and present experimental results for 2‐ and 3‐panel prototype systems.
11.2: Optimization of Delta Color Array for High‐Definition PDP with High‐Efficient Hexagonal Array Structure
Authors: Yoon Cha Keun , Ahn Jung Keun , Kim Yong Jun , Yoo Sung Hun , Lee Byung Hak , Lee Kwang Sik , Lee Tae Ho , Yoo Min Sun , Whang Ki Woong
Published: January 2005

We have accomplished the various experiments of the test panel with hexagonal shape subpixels for optimizing the luminance and efficiency characteristics of the delta color array PDP. The optimal pixel and electrode designs are obtained for the highdefinition PDP with fine pixel pitch less than 0.7 mm in 42‐inch. The hexagonal array structure shows more improved luminous efficiency results than that of the normal delta array structure with rectangular subpixels.
11.4: A Novel Shadow Mask PDP with High Luminance and Contrast
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Li Qing , Tu Yan , Tang Yongming , Xia Jun , Zheng Yaosheng , Fan Zhaowen , Wang Baoping , Yin Hanchun , Tong Linsu
Published: January 2005

An improved AC PDP with shadow mask SMPDP is presented in this paper. The manufacture cost of SMPDP can be reduced significantly by replacing the normal dielectric rib with shadow mask. A 14″ full color SM‐PDP 240×RGB×180 prototype TV set has been made. High luminance with 550cd/m2 and high contrast over 5000:1 have been achieved by applying high Xe content and True Black driving scheme.
12.1: e3‐Glass Bulb for Flat Face and Shallow CRTs
Authors: Sugawara Tsunehiko , Ueki Mikio , Kuroki Yuichi , Murakami Toshihide , Shimizu Naoya , Segawa Masaru
Published: January 2005

As a result of the pursuit in strengthening shallow glass bulbs, a highly strengthened glass funnel has been developed by introduction of a new chemical tempering technology. The integrated technology based on the chemical tempering and previously mentioned innovations can achieve the competence to reduce dramatically the weight of the glass bulb for a wide deflection angle CRT by 45%.
12.2: Developing a New High‐Definition Photoresist for CRTs
Authors: Swei Jason , Talbot Jan B.
Published: January 2005

A new photoresist activator, 4,4′‐diazidobiphenyl‐2,2′‐disodium disulfonate, was synthesized and mixed with polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP to produce a photoresist for CRT screens. This photoresist absorbs at 264 nm, compared to the currently used PVP/DAS 4,4′‐diazidostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid sodium salt photoresist which absorbs at 335 nm. The lower UV absorbance should reduce the diffraction effects of the UV light passing through the mask and allow for finer resolution deposits
12.4: 32‐inch and 36‐inch Wide CRTs with a Unique Steel SST Mask
Authors: Ohmae Hideharu , Demi Yoshikazu , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Tamai Masato , Siatoh Kenzi , Morimoto Hiroji , Shimamura Takayuki , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Ozawa Tetsuro
Published: January 2005

We have developed 32‐inch and 36‐inch Wide CRTs upon that iron tension masks are mounted for the first time as the masks are of corner suspension system. The corner suspension system has their main purpose of mechanical compensation, and the design makes compatibility between doming compensation and drop property possible. Adoption of the tension mask enables not only smaller variable pitch from center to periphery and higher peripheral resolution, but also smaller difference in thickness between the center of panel glasses and their periphery as well as adoption of tinted glasses. Moreover, with the improvement of spot size of electron guns, SVM sensitivity, prevention of cone‐halation, and others, a drastic improvement in resolution and contrast has been achieved.
13.1: A High Resolution 5 Megapixel LCD Monitor for Medical Applications with Mercury‐Free Flat Panel Lamp Backlighting PLANON®
Authors: Fiegler M. , Ziemssen K. , Homber B.
Published: January 2005

The successful design of the first high resolution 5 megapixel monitor for medical application utilizing the mercury‐free PLANON® Lamp as a Backlight will be described. The key advantages of the presented system arise from the fact that the flat panel lamp is mercury‐free and the approach for the implementation. This first flat‐panel lamp based series product ever comes with a unique combination of features like the extraordinary long lifetime, instant start capability and customized color coordinates. A brief description of the design‐in process of the new B/L‐unit into the LCD display is presented. The combination of the high resolution panel with the customized, high performance backlight unit and the intelligent driver electronics yields advantages in the areas of lifetime, power savings, stability and calibration.
13.4: Head Mounted Display for Simulation and Visualisation
Authors: Coates Nick
Published: January 2005

This paper outlines how new technology and materials and an integrated approach to design have been used to solve some of the problems encountered in the design of a Head Mounted Display for simulation and visualization. The SEOS HMD 120/40 features a truly immersive field of view in a lightweight, wellbalanced package.
14.2: Technologies Towards Patterned Optical Foils
Authors: van der Zande B. M. I. , Nieuwkerk A. C. , van Deurzen M. , Renders C. A. , Peeters E. , Roosendaal S. J.
Published: January 2005

Thin retardation layers are developed. The thin films can be applied in‐ or outside the LCD cell by wet coating techniques. The cell thickness can be reduced considerably since carrier sheets, protective layers and adhesive layers are no longer a necessity. In addition, the optical properties can be patterned on subpixel level which improves the LCD on grey scale inversion, contrast and/or brightness depending on the display type. Photoalignment and thickness patterning are presented as technologies towards patterned optical foils.
14.3: Optical Configuration for Transflective Mode Using Dual ‐ Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cell for High Transmittance efficiency
Authors: Jhun Chul Gyu , Kang Jin‐Woo , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we introduce an optical configuration of a transflective AFLC display mode for both high transmittance and reflectance. The transflective mode we proposed before has high reflectance in reflective mode, but transmittance is low when it is operated as transmissive mode. To improve the low transmittance of the transflective AFLCD, a Dual‐AFLC cell is used which has high transmittance efficiency and excellent dispersion characteristics. For both the reflective and the transmissive modes, it provides high transmittance and reflectance, and shows excellent dispersion characteristics.
P‐5: Electrical Properties of Pentacene TFTs with Stacked and Surface‐Treated Organic Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Kang Chang‐Heon , Lee Jong‐Hyuk , Kim Yeon‐Ju , Choi Jong Sun
Published: January 2005

In this work, the electrical characteristics of organic thin film transistors with stacked and surface‐treated organic gate dielectrics have been studied. PVP Polyvinylphenol, polystyrene, stacked PVP‐polystyrene and polystyrene‐PVP were used as gate insulator layers, respectively. The electrical characteristics of the devices with four gate insulator structures were measured and compared with each other for the best structure of gate dielectric layer. Also, for the better device performance, the photoalignment technique was used. Being applied to gate dielectric layers of organic TFTs, it might provide preferential orientation and grain size of pentacene molecules, which would be deposited on the gate insulator PVP surface previously exposed to the linearly polarized UV light LPUVL to enhance the TFT characteristics [1, 2].