bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer classification: The relationship of disease extent and cell type to survival in a clinical trials population
Authors: Mountain Clifton F. , Lukeman John M. , Hammar Samuel P. , Chamberlain Dean W. , Coulson Walter F. , Page David L. , Victor Thomas A. , Weiland Louis H. ,   LUNG CANCER STUDY GROUP PATHOLOGY COMMITTEE
Published: February 2007

The staging and histologic cell type of patients in the Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) clinical trials program are reviewed and confirmed or resolved at the reference center for anatomic and pathologic classification of lung cancer. A high level of consistency in classification has been achieved through the use of criteria that minimize intraobserver variability. The data obtained from the review project have been used to characterize the relationship of disease extent and cell type to survival in the clinical trials population. Survival characteristics were generated for 1,121 patients who underwent apparent complete resection of nonsmall cell lung cancer and were subsequently entered into various protocols to receive either adjuvant treatment or no further therapy. The end results study provides some insight regarding the biological behavior of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in terms of the anatomic extent of disease at the time of apparent complete resection. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had an outcome superior to that of patients with adenocarcinoma in every TNM subset. The differences in survival according to these major cell types were significant overall and in the T1 NO, T1 N1, and T2 N1 subsets but not in the TNM subsets in stage III disease. Histologic cell type and extent of disease are important factors in survival expectations; thus the accuracy and reproducibility of these classifications plays a significant role in the evaluation of differing modalities of treatment.
Malignant peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus
Authors: Rose Peter G. , O'toole Robert V. , Keyhani‐Rofagha Sedigeh , Qualman Stephen , Boutselis John G.
Published: February 2007

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PPNET) is rare, occurring most often in young adults. Approximately 50 cases have been reported, with only four cases involving the female genital tract. We report the fifth patient. The term “PPNET” should be used only for tumors with neuroectodermal elements exclusively that occur at sites outside the central and sympathetic nervous system. The pathologic differential diagnoses include rhabdomyosarcoma, immature malignant teratoma, small cell carcinoma of the cervix, and ganglioneuroma. Therapy for this tumor has varied, and no effective regimen has been established.
Effective management of extremity cancers using cisplatin and etoposide in isolated limb perfusions
Authors: Roseman James M.
Published: February 2007

Four cases of extremity cancers received effective management with cisplatin and etoposide via isolated limb perfusion. They demonstrated minimal, if any, soft tissue damage. This result counters the theory that a caustic response is a prerequisite for successful therapy. This characteristic allows for simultaneous surgical resection with regional, isolated limb perfusion of potent cytotoxic agents without increased morbidity from tissue necrosis, a common consequence of previously used drugs. There is no apparent affect on wound healing, even in cases involving extensive, radical operative procedures.
Surgery for carcinoma of the breast in women over 70 years of age
Authors: Amsterdam Elazar , Birenfeld Shlomo , Gilad Addi , Krispin Mayer
Published: February 2007

A review of 100 women over 70 years of age treated for breast carcinoma is reported. The short‐ and long‐term results of treatment were evaluated with a median follow up of 4. 7 years. Due to our aggressive approach, only 11% of this group died from breast cancer, and the 5‐year survival rate was 51%, including all stages of the disease. The result of this study indicates that elderly women with breast cancer should be treated by surgical methods that offer the best chance of cure, regardless of patient's age.
Diabetes in pancreatectomized baboons: A model for pancreatin transplantation studies
Authors: Toit Don F. Du , Heydenrych Jacobus J. , Louw Gawie , Zuurmond Theuns , Laker Lida , Smit Ben , Els Daniel , Weideman André , Davids Henry , Wolfe‐Coote Sonja , Toit Lorraine Du
Published: February 2007

This study was designed to assess plasma glucose levels (PLG) and insulin release in totally pancreatectomized baboons when challenged with intravenous glucose administration (IVGTT). Ten animals (Pupio ursinus) were used and duodenectomy was intentionally avoided. The PLG at death was 18.0 ∓ mmol/L, and the mean K‐value within 3 days after pancreatectomy was 0.4% ∓ 0.2%, indicating a significant impairment of glucose disappearance from the blood when compared to the control animals (P < 0.01). Plasma insulin levels before and after stimulation with glucose were below the lowest level of insulin assay sensitivity. We conclude that in the primate, as in the dog, surgical pancreatectomy produced a reliable diabetic model, which is uniformly lethal if left untreated.
Prognosis after resection of non‐small cell lung cancer of the right middle lobe
Authors: Peleg Haran , Antkowiak Joseph G. , Lane Warren W. , Regal Anne‐Marie , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

In a previous study at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, it was noted that in patients whose resected non‐small‐cell lung cancer had originated in the right middle lobe, the prognosis was much worse than when it had originated in any other lobe. A review of a longer period and exclusion of patients who might introduce a bias resulted in a group of 18 patients whose fate was compared to the findings reported in other comparable series. Three out of those are alive at 8‐96 months after operation. Five‐year survival was 22% (30% counting only survivors of the operations). These findings indicate that the results of surgery for non‐small‐cell carcinoma of the right middle lobe fall within the lower range of lung cancer generally.
Phase II trial of cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (cis‐platinum), vincristine, and peplomycin for advanced squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tamura Kazuo , Araki Yasuhiko , Tateyama Hiromichi , Maeda Moritaka , Seita Masashi
Published: February 2007

Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, lung, esophagus, and uterine cervix is still a challenging cancer to the medical practice. We have treated 23 such patients with a combination of cis‐platinum, vincristine, and peplomycin. Cis‐platinum was given at a dose of 60 mg/m2 on day 1, and 1.0 mg/m2 of vincristine was given on day 3, followed 6 hours later by peplomycin 10 mg/day by continuous infusion iv or sc over the next 5 days. This combination was given every 3 weeks. The overall response rate was 71% for 17 evaluable patients, including one complete response. The median duration of response and survival was 2 and 5 months, respectively. Six other patients with esophageal and cervical carcinoma were treated with two cycles of this combination followed by radical radiation therapy or surgery. Five of them achieved significant response prior to radical treatment. Major side effects were nausea, vomiting, alopecia, and mild myelotoxicity, which were acceptable. This regimen, with a high response rate and acceptable toxicity, warrants further investigation.
NB rat bladder cancer model: Evaluation of the subrenal capsular assay system
Authors: Drago Joseph R. , Nesbitt John A.
Published: February 2007

Since 1978 this laboratory unit has evaluated the Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma model. More recently, over a 15‐month period we have studied the Nb rat number one bladder tumor, a spontaneously appearing tumor in an aged female noble rat. Initial chemotherapeutic experiments have been carried out, revealing activity of this tumor to cyclophosphamide. Herein we report the feasibility of utilizing the subrenal capsular assay in this model. The advantage of this system is that one is able to determine the effect of chemotherapy in a very short time, i.e., 7 days. This method may save considerable expense and may serve as a useful projector for potential future chemotherapeutic trials of bladder cancer. In this assay system, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis‐platinum and methotrexate did result in a significant decrease in tumor volume change. This change paralleled the results that we had seen in the past from the use of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide alone in treatment of subcutaneous tumor nodules of bladder carcinoma. Further exploration of this method is warranted from a time efficiency as well as from a cost standpoint.
Solitary malignant schwannoma of the pancreas: Report of a case and ultrastructural examination
Authors: Eggermont Alexander , Vuzevski Vojislav , Huisman Margriet , De Jong Koert , Jeekel Johannes
Published: February 2007

Primary malignant schwannoma of the pancreas is rare. The reported patient, a 40‐year‐old white female, presented with obstructive jaundice and a large palpable mass in the upper abdomen. A Whipple procedure was performed. Electron microscopic examination of the tumor established the Schwann cell origin of the neoplasm by demonstrating basement membranes, junctional complexes, and interdigitating cytoplasmic extensions infested with basal lamina, dense neurosecretory‐like granules, and axon‐like structures. The inadequacy of light microscopic examination alone for establishing the diagnosis with certainty is discussed. Review of the literature revealed only one case of a malignant schwannoma of the pancreas that was not resected. This is the first report confirmed by ultrastructural examination.
Prognostic significance of lymph vessel involvement in gastric cancer
Authors: Kawasumi Hiroki , Makino Masato , Takebayashi Masataka , Yurugi Eiichi , Okamoto Tsuneyuki , Kimura Osamu , Nishidoi Hideaki , Kaibara Nobuaki , Koga Shigemasa
Published: February 2007

We studied the prognostic significance of lymph vessel involvement in the gastric wall in 226 patients with advanced gastric cancer. There was no close correlation between the gross morphology of the cancer and the incidence of lymph vessel invasion. However, the more severe the degree of lymph vessel involvement, the higher was the incidence of lymph node metastasis. Severe lymph vessel invasion was found most frequently in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type. Among patients with scirrhous carcinoma there were some in whom lymph vessel involvement was overlooked on routine histologic examination. Because the depth of lymph vessel invasion of the gastric wall was significantly related to the clinical course, we consider this to be of supplementary predictive value.
Postradiation slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE)
Authors: Sabio Hernan , Sussman Michael , Levien Michael
Published: February 2007

This study details the case reports of two children who developed slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) after receiving external irradiation. The clinical and diagnostic features of postradiation SCFE are reviewed and discussed. Guidelines for the management of children who receive pelvic irradiation are presented.
Extravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: February 2007

The clinicopathologic features of a unique case of papillary endothelial hyperplasia occurring in an organizing hematoma of the thyroid gland are reported and compared with reported cases of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia.
Cellular blue nevus simulating metastatic melanoma: Report of an unusually large lesion associated with nevus‐cell aggregates in regional lymph nodes
Authors: Sterchi J. Michael , Muss Hyman B. , Weidner Noel
Published: February 2007

A young Caucasian woman had a large area of blue‐gray discoloration on the flank and palpable axillary lymph nodes. The discolored area had enlarged during a recent pregnancy, contained multiple subcutaneous nodules, demonstrated increased cellularity and mitotic activity, and was associated with an axillary lymph node containing black streaks within the capsule. Although the lesion was initially considered to be a metastatic malignant melanoma, re‐evaluation showed it to be a benign cellular blue nevus with benign nevus‐cell aggregates within a regional lymph node. We report this case to emphasize how cellular blue nevus can simulate malignant melanoma and to increase physician awareness of this benign variant of melanocytic nevus so that inappropriate surgery and chemotherapy can be avoided.
Imaging of colon carcinoma with 111‐indium‐labeled anti‐CEA monoclonal antibodies (INDACEA) prior to surgery
Authors: Beatty J. David , Philben Vicki J. , Beatty Barbara G. , Williams Lawrence E. , Paxton Raymond J. , Shively Jack E. , Duda Rosemary B. , Vlahos William G. , Werner John L. , Sheibani Khalil , Kemeny M. Margaret , Kokal William A. , Riihimaki Daniel U. , Terz Jose J.
Published: February 2007

Patients with primary and/or metastatic colorectal cancer who had been scheduled for operative intervention were injected intravenously with 200 μg of a high‐affinity anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody labeled with 2 mCi of 111‐indium (Indacea). Patients were imaged by gamma camera at 24 and 48 hours. Primary tumors were identified in 3/10 cases and were not visualized in 3/10 cases. Four scans were considered equivocal. Hepatic metastases were identified as image defects in 5/13 cases and were not visualized in 8/13 cases. All tumors contained CEA by immunoperoxidase staining. In all cases, the primary tumor uptake (5.44 ± 1.07% ID/kg) was much higher than the uptake of the adjacent fat (0.18 ± 0.04% ID/kg). There was a direct correlation between tumor CEA content, tumor radioactivity, and the imaging of primary tumor by Indacea. High liver uptake (30.3 ± 3.0% ID/kg), seen when scanning all patients, was the main limitation of imaging and led to photopenic visualization of hepatic metastases. These results suggest that selection of patients with colorectal carcinoma on the basis of tumor CEA content will lead to improved rates of tumor imaging by Indacea in post‐surgical scanning.
Verrucous pseudonevoid melanoma
Authors: Suster Saul , Ronnen Meyer , Bubis Jose J.
Published: February 2007

A case of an unusual variant of malignant melanoma resembling a papillomatous dermal nevus is presented here. The lesion was initially diagnosed as a Spitz nevus, and recurred locally five months after excision. The features which distinguish this lesion from the more common types of benign dermal nevi include the architectural atypia of the melanocytes, with a tendency for continuous proliferation of single cells along the dermoepidermal junction, as well as the presence of cytologic atypia with large hyperchromatic nuclei and mitoses. Despite its seemingly innocent appearance, distinction of this low‐grade variant of melanoma from its benign counterparts is of importance in order to avert the possibility of recurrence and potential metastases.
History, preliminary results, complications, and future prospects of intraoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Hoekstra H. J. , Sindelar W. F. , Kinsella T. J. , Oldhoff J.
Published: February 2007

Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IORT) is a new combined modality therapy in the treatment of cancer. IORT is delivered during a surgical procedure to a tumor or tumor bed and areas of possible local regional spread, with the ability to shield or physically move normal tissues and organs out of the treatment volume. IORT is feasible for various intraabdominal, retroperitoneal, pelvic, and other malignancies. It is possible to increase the total radiation dose, thereby improving the therapeutic ratio; a better local control without an increasing morbidity. Although the optimum use of IORT is still unknown, it is believed that its greatest value is in combination with maximal surgical resection of the tumor with or without external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). IORT is still an experimental treatment modality combining surgery, EBRT, and if necessary, chemotherapy. Because IORT is an expensive treatment method, it is important to determine which method is the best and most convenient for the patient. The answer can be given only when prospective, randomized clinical IORT trials and cost‐effectiveness studies are initiated.
Graft versus host disease following transfusion of normal blood products to patients with malignancies
Authors: Kessinger Anne , Armitage James O. , Klassen Lynell W. , Landmark James D. , Hayes James M. , Larsen Arden E. , Purtilo David T.
Published: February 2007

A patient undergoing treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease developed graft versus host disease (GVHD) following a transfusion of packed red cells. This is the 28th reported patient with a malignancy who did not have a bone marrow transplant and developed GVHD after transfusion of normal blood or blood products. All patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy prior to acquiring GVHD. The underlying malignancies included lymphoma, acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastoma. Twenty‐three of the 28 patients died of GVHD. The incidence of transfusion‐related GVHD in this patient population is low but the illness is often fatal as treatment is largely ineffective. Transfusion‐related GVHD can be prevented by irradiating all blood products with 1500 rad prior to administration.
Chylous ascites following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection successfully treated with peritoneovenous shunt
Authors: Savlov Edwin D.
Published: February 2007

A massive lymphatic leak developed following radical retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for recurrent extragonadal seminoma. Chylous ascites persisted for over 3 months, with an average daily external drainage of 1.5 liters, and was successfully treated with a peritoneovenous shunt.
Pathological characteristics of gastric cancer that develop hematogenous recurrence, with special reference to the site of recurrence
Authors: Koga Shigemasa , Takebayashi Masataka , Kaibara Nobuaki , Nishidoi Hideaki , Kimura Osamu , Kawasumi Hiroki , Makino Masato
Published: February 2007

The pathologic characteristics of gastric cancer in 57 patients with hematogenous recurrence were pathologically analyzed by the site of recurrence. In recurrence of gastric cancer that developed in the liver, macroscopic observation revealed that cancers of Borrmann type 2 and 3 were most frequent. Microscopic examination revealed that the rate of occurrence of the medullary type of differentiated or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma were high and that there were relatively frequent invasion by cancerous cells of the blood vessel that were closely related to the hematogenous metastasis. On the other hand, with respect to recurrence of gastric cancer that had developed in the lung or bone, Borrmann type 3 and 4, respectively, were more frequently observed. In these cases, microscopic analysis revealed that these cancers were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. In gastric cancer with bone recurrence, the rate of recurrence of the scirrhous type of tumor were higher than that of other types. It is important, for the management of patients after gastric cancer surgery, to predict possible hematogenous recurrence and its site by evaluation of the pathologic characteristics of the gastric cancer.
Presenting symptoms of neoplastic spinal cord compression
Authors: Copeman Michael C.
Published: February 2007

The cases of 28 patients with neoplastic spinal cord compression were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms were: back pain (68%), bilateral leg weakness (61 %), urinary retention (36%), and bilateral leg numbness (32 %). Twelve patients (43 %) had known neoplastic disease prior to diagnosis of spinal cord compression. Only two patients (7%) were diagnosed within one week of the onset of major spinal symptoms. The commonest symptoms associated with delay in diagnosis were again back pain (50%) and bilateral leg weakness (38%). However, when certain symptoms were present, diagnosis was almost always delayed, particularly with unilateral leg weakness or pain (loo%), ataxic gait (go%), and back pain (68%). Symptoms in the neck, chest, and arms were also always associated with delayed diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoid tumor of appendix presenting as unilateral krukenberg tumor
Authors: Miller Rodney T. , Sarikaya Huseyin , Jenison Eric L.
Published: February 2007

We report a case of adenocarcinoid tumor of the appendix that presented initially as a unilateral Krukenberg tumor (a signet ring cell mucinous adenocarcinoma with prominent cellular stroma). The primary tumor in the appendix was discovered 10 months later at the time of a “second look” laparotomy. The ovarian metastasis showed both goblet cell elements and tubular formations with numerous argyrophilic cells, indicating that both components of these tumors may metastasize, a finding at variance with the conclusions of some authors who suggest that only the mucinous component may metastasize. Theories of histogenesis of these tumors are discussed, and 12 previously reported cases presenting as Krukenberg tumors (all bilateral) are reviewed. Because the primary tumor in the appendix may be small and easily missed, appendectomy is recommended in all patients with Krukenberg tumors when another primary site cannot be identified at the time of surgery.
Post‐circumcision carcinoma of the penis: II. Surgical management
Authors: Bissada Nabil K.
Published: February 2007

Post‐circumcision penile carcinoma is a unique clinical entity that occurs in circumcision scars on the penile shaft. Excision is the only effective treatment. Surgical excision must be tailored to the wide spectrum of disease extention. While some primary tumors can be controlled by standard penectomy, others may require much more extensive resection while some can be adequately controlled without sacrificing the urethra or the corpora. Those who had a conservative operation for less extensive disease had the best results.
Carcinoma of the nasopharynx in northern israel: Epidemiology and treatment results
Authors: Stein M. , Kuten A. , Arbel M. , Ben‐Schachar M. , Epelbaum R. , Wajsbort R. , Klein B. , Cohen Y. , Robinson E.
Published: February 2007

Between 1968 and 1984, 49 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center. There were 6 stage I–II patients (12%) and 43 stage III‐IV patients (88%). According to ethnic origin, there were 27 (55%) non‐Ashkenazi Jews, 9 (18%) Ashkenazi Jews, and 13 (27%) Arabs. This distribution is different from the percentages of these ethnic groups in Northern Israel. All patients received combined cobalt 60 and 8–10 MeV electron beam radiotherapy to the primary tumor and the entire neck. Twelve stage III‐IV patients received three courses of chemotherapy using bleomycin, methotrexate, and cisplatin (BMP) prior to definitive radiotherapy. The following 5‐yr actuarial survival figures were achieved: all patients, 42%; stage I‐II, 63%; stage III‐IV, 37%; Arabs, 53%, non‐Ashkenazi Jews, 47%; Ashkenazi Jews, 22%; BMP + radiotherapy, 54%; radiotherapy alone, 42%. It is concluded that there is an ethnic‐related pattern of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Northern Israel. Prognosis is better in non‐Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs with early‐stage lymphoepithelioma or anaplastic carcinoma, younger than 45 yr old, and receiving more than 5,500 cGy. Chemotherapy by BMP improves initial control rates with questionable benefit to long‐term survival.
Hormone receptors in breast cancer: A conservative determination of receptors' presence in tissue and ipsilateral normal mammary gland
Authors: Badellino F. , Canavese G. , Catturich A. , Battistini G. , Amoretti G. , Bertoglio S. , Boccardo F. , Paganuzzi M. , Tanara G.
Published: February 2007

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors were evaluated in the tumor tissue (T) and in the mammary gland far from malignancy (D) in 36 breast cancers. Results were correlated with the pathological grading of the tumor and the axillary nodal status. It is suggested that a lower cancer malignancy with negative nodes and lower values of pathological grading (G1‐G2) may be associated with a high level of ER in the mammary parenchyma far from the tumor (D).
Merkel tumor of the lower lip: A case report and updated review of the literature work performed at the university of illinois
Authors: Dolezal Rudolph F. , Cohen Mimis , Taxy J. B.
Published: February 2007

An unusual case of Merkel cell carcinoma of the lower lip with metastasis to the submental nodes is presented. Clinical similarities and the histopathologic and prognostic differences between this tumor and basal or squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck area are discussed and the current thoughts for treatment are presented. The capricious clinical course and the aggressive nature of the Merkel cell tumor is emphasized. A review of the existing literature is also included in an effort to familiarize the head and neck surgeon with this relatively new but potentially lethal pathological cutaneous entity.
Silicone elastomer catheter for chronic vascular access
Authors: Haid Max , Lipschultz Stephen A. , Caughron Annmarie
Published: February 2007

The Evanston and Glenbrook Hospitals' series of 157 consecutive silicone elastomer central venous catheter insertions is reviewed. The total experience was 12,721 patient days (34.85 patient years). The complication rate of insertion was 1.91%, but no patient required chest tube drainage. Seven catheters clotted and could not be salvaged. Seventeen catheters were removed for suspected bacterial infection. Peripheral blood culture was not predictive of catheter tip contamination, while culture of blood drawn through the catheter and insertion site cultures proved most useful. Five bona fide infections were documented for an infection rate of 3.18%. This corresponds to one infection per 2,544 patient days (6.97 patient years). The mean duration of service of the catheter was 81 days with a median of 36 days. The longest duration was 707 days. The silicone elastomer catheter provides safe, dependable venous access for most patients and may be inserted in an outpatient and therefore cost‐effective setting.
Use of carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa
Authors: Flynn Michael B. , White Michael , Tabah R. J.
Published: February 2007

The carbon dioxide laser was used for the treatment of 20 lesions of the oral mucosa in 14 patients. These lesions ranged histologically from bengin hyperkeratosis to verrucous carcinoma. The patients selected for this treatment were identified at high risk to develop malignant lesions in the oral cavity. Precise vaporization of the affected mucosa were carried out using the Cavitron 40–300‐A CO2 Surgical Laser. Destruction of the surface epithelium and submucosa was achieved by using defocused beam at a setting of 10W. Biopsies were taken at 1 cm intervals at the time of laser treatment. Fourteen of the 20 procedures were carried out under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Seven procedures were performed under general anesthesia and 2 patients required 24 h postoperative observation. Local control was achieved in 17 of the 20 treated sites. Two of the three treatment failures occurred in patients in whom the final histology revealed either in situ or invasive squamous carcinoma. Only one patient with dysplasia was not controlled after vaporization of the lesion by the carbon dioxide laser. The laser continues to show encouraging results as an alternative to surgical resection of precancerous mucosal lesions of the oral cavity. Vaporization of the dysplastic lesion(s) with carbon dioxide laser is recommended for patients with an identifiable risk for the development of intraoral malignancy. This is an effective, nonmorbid, inexpensive, quick, and relatively painless method of managing this condition.
Primary liposarcoma of the mediastinum in a child
Authors: Plukker J. T. H. M. , Joosten H. J. M. , Rensing J. B. M. , Van Haelst U. J. G. M.
Published: February 2007

A case of primary anterior mediastinal liposarcoma occurring in a child is reported. A 5‐year‐old male child complained of exertional dyspnea and left chestpain. The chest roentgenogram showed a complete opacity of the left pleural space. After thoracotomy, the histological examination revealed mediastinal myxoid‐pleomorphic liposarcoma. Surgical resection was performed and chemotherapy was given; 10 months later a recurrence was noted in the mediastinum. The child died 17 months after establishing the diagnosis.
Papillary‐cystic neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Pezzi Christopher M. , Schuerch Conrad , Erlandson Robert A. , Deitrick John
Published: February 2007

Papillary‐cystic neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare tumor which has recently been described as a distinct, clinicopathological entity. Forty‐four previously described cases from the literature and an additional 52 cases referred to in a brief abstract are reviewed. An additional case occurring in a 25‐year‐old woman is reported. This tumor occurs primarily in young women (mean age 23.3 years) and presents as a large abdominal mass (mean size 10.3 cm) in 63% of patients. Treatment is surgical resection of the involved portions of the pancreas and results of treatment are excellent following this form of therapy alone. The tumor appears to represent a low‐grade malignancy, possibly of ductal cell origin. Only two patients with recurrences and two patients with metastatic disease have been reported. Surgeons should be aware of this curable pancreatic malignancy as they are most often responsible for the evaluation and treatment of the patient presenting with a large abdominal mass.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas
Authors: Oland J. , Rosen A. , Reif R. , Sayfan J. , Kent V. , Orda R.
Published: February 2007

Fine needle aspiration cytology has been increasingly used in recent years to diagnose pancreatic lesions. During a 6 year period, we performed 33 aspiration cytologies of the pancreas. Twenty‐one were performed during exploratory laparotomy, seven under the guidance of computed tomography and five guided by ultrasonography. In seven cases inflammatory lesions were found, while 26 cases were of malignant tumors. Out of these patients, 10 underwent additional tissue biopsy. The correlation between cytology and histology was 100%. We suggest that fine needle cytology of pancreatic and other intraabdominal lesions can be considered an accurate diagnostic procedure.
Islet cell function in long‐term surviving primates after segmental pancreatic allotransplantation
Authors: Du Toit Don F. , Heydenrych Jacobus , Smit Ben , Merwe Emuel Van Der , Louw Gabriel , Zuurmond Theuns , Els Daniel , Weideman Andre , Toit Lorraine Du , Wolfe‐Coote Sonja , Davids Henry
Published: February 2007

Islet cell function was studied in pancreatectomized primates with functioning segmental pancreatic allografts more than 100 days after transplantation. Segmental allograft recipients were immunosuppresed with total lymphoid irradiation (TL1) and cyclosporine (CSA). After 100 days, islet function was assessed, at which stage immunosuppression was terminated. Glucose, insulin, glucagon, and C‐peptide response was assessed during intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and during arginine and tolbutamide stimulation. In eight normoglycaemic primates in which immunosuppressive treatment had been stopped and with mean graft survival of 145 days, islet stimulation was associated with moderate glucose intolerance, reduced K‐values, hypoinsulinaemia, and low C‐peptide values. Postmortem findings in all animals intentionally killed revealed severe graft atrophy in the absence of significant rejection. Severe graft atrophy in normoglycaemic primates, together with significantly impaired graft function after segmental pancreatic transplantation compared to normal animals, suggest that transplantation of the whole pancreas may be mandatory if normal or near‐normal function is to be achieved.
Odyssey of a sailor's diagnosis since 1795 AD
Authors: Shetty M. R.
Published: February 2007

In the year 1795, a British East Indiaman bound for China had a sick sailor on board who was diagnosed as having testis cancer by the ship's surgeon, who then treated him with an antiscorbutic diet, because scurvy was rampant among the sailors. He was completely cured of his cancer, as reported in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal by Livingstone in 1805. However, the sailor actually had scurvy and not testis cancer. This diagnostic error has been perpetuated in the medical literature until rectified by Shetty after 191 years. This is a reconstructed account of the sailor's case history and the ship's journey as it actually took place in 1795 AD.
Establishment and characterization of a malignant glioma cell line, GBM8401/TSGH, NDMC
Authors: Lee Wei‐Hwa , Yeh Ming‐Yang , Tu Yen‐Chang , Han Shou‐Hwa , Wang Yeou‐Chih
Published: February 2007

A permanent human brain malignant glioma cell line, GBM8401/TSGH, NDMC, has been successfully established from a 31‐year‐old Chinese female with brain glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in monolayer culture and has been subcultured for more than 100 passages during 24 months in vitro. The tumor cell doubling time in vitro was approximately 38 hr. The tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice was observed; the tumor volume doubling time was approximately 4 days. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 10‐nm‐diameter intermediate filaments were identified by immunohistochemical peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP), immunofluorescence assay, and transmission electron microscopic methods. The scanning electron microscope revealed numerous surface microvilli and various‐sized blebs. Karyotypic analysis showed this malignant glioma cell line to be of human origin, near‐diploid with a modal chromosome number of 48, XX.
Sexual function after surgery and combination chemotherapy in men with disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer
Authors: Nijman J. M. , Koops H. Schraffordt , Oldhoff J. , Kremer J. , Sleijfer D. T. H.
Published: February 2007

Between 1978 and 1982 the sexual functions of 54 patients with a nonseminomatous testicular tumor stage II or III were assessed before and after treatment with surgery and combination chemotherapy. Two years after completing therapy 54% of the patients experienced sexual functional disorders. Greatly reduced or absent antegrade ejaculation was reported by 26 patients; 18 of them had been treated with more or less extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, whereas 8 had not. This means that the chemotherapy might be responsible for ejaculatory disorders in 30% of the patients. Only two patients reported a change in the quality of erection; seven patients experienced a decidedly diminished libido, and five patients noticed their orgasm had changed in a negative sense. The appearance of the contralateral testis changed in 21 patients, who showed “atrophy” of this testis. The findings of this study indicate that sexual and ejaculatory disorders in particular are quite common in men treated for a disseminated nonseminomatous testicular tumor. Many of these disorders seem to be owing to causes other than surgical intervention.
Hepatocellular carcinoma imaging
Authors: Lee Victor W. , Allard Jeffrey C. , Weiss Kenneth , Liebman Howard A. , Carter Anthony
Published: February 2007

Radionuclide scintigraphy can give a specific diagnosis when a hypervascular “cold” defect on colloid scans “fills in” with gallium scanning. The majority of hepatocellular carcinomas will also accumulate hepatobiliary agents especially in delayed images. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to other modalities in providing anatomic detail, such as location and relation to vessels, needed by the surgeon in operative planning.
Southern analysis of human head and neck cancer cells for homologous sequences using yeast gamma repair genes
Authors: Beckett Michael A. , Weichselbaum Ralph R.
Published: February 2007

We employed southern analysis to examine homology between yeast genes RAD 51, RAD 52, RAD 54, and RAD 55 for possible gamma repair genes in radioresistant or repair proficient human tumor cell lines and normal placental DNA. No homology was observed; however, other strategies including further gene restriction and transfection are underway to identify repair genes in human tumors. Understanding mechanisms of radiation repair might lead to more effective clinical radiation treatment protocols.
Detection of liver involvement in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Pittman C. Edwin , Buss David H. , Sterchi J. Michael
Published: February 2007

Liver involvement with Hodgkin's disease is determined at our institution by a combination of wedge biopsy and needle biopsy at the time of staging laparotomy. This retrospective study was undertaken to determine whether the wedge or the needle biopsy method is the more accurate. All staging laparotomies (n = 116) during the period 1972–1986 were reviewed. Twelve patients were found to have liver involvement with Hodgkin's disease; 2 had had wedge biopsies only and ten had had both wedge and needle biopsies. In all ten with both wedge and needle biopsies, the wedge biopsies were positive for liver involvement, but in only five were the needle biopsies positive. This study indicates that wedge biopsy is the more accurate method for detecting liver involvement in these patients, and we believe it should always be a part of the staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) arising within a cholecystectomy incision: A cause‐and‐effect relationship is possible between previous surgery and the development of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma within the operative site
Authors: Spirtos George , Qadri Alam , Phillips Alexander K.
Published: February 2007

We present a report of a patient who, after an uneventful cholecystectomy, developed an incisional mass that proved to be a malignant fibrous histiocytoma and had to be excised. Five months later, the patient developed a similar incisional mass, which was shown to be a malignant fibrous histiocytoma and again had to be excised. The rarity of such a case and the details of the patient's case history are reported. The implications of a possible relationship between previous surgery, the patient's healing response, and the development of these tumors are discussed.
Radiographic evaluation for pulmonary metastases in sarcoma patients
Authors: Duda Rosemary B. , Beatty J. David , Kokal William A. , Riihimaki Daniel U. , Terz Jose J.
Published: February 2007

The records of 130 patients with soft tissue and bone sarcomas were retrospectively analyzed to identify the subgroups of patients that would benefit from tomographic studies for pulmonary metastasis. Sixty‐six of 96 patients with a normal conventional chest roentgenogram (CXR) had tomography to diagnose pulmonary metastasis. Of the 53 patients who had primary disease and a normal CXR followed by tomography, only 1 (1.9%) had metastases identified on tomograms. Of the 13 patients who had locally recurrent sarcoma and a CXR plus tomographic studies, 2 (15%) had metastases detected on tomogram only. Tomographic studies detected significantly more sarcoma patients with pulmonary metastasis in the group with locally recurrent disease than in the group with primary disease (P < 0.05).
Lateral high abdominal ovariopexy: An original surgical technique for protection of the ovaries during curative radiotherapy for hodgkin's disease
Authors: Gaetini A. , De Simone M. , Urgesi A. , Levis A. , Resegotti A. , Ragona R. , Anglesio S.
Published: February 2007

An original surgical method for gonadal protection in young women given pelvic radiation for Hodgkin's disease is presented. Lateral high ovarian transposition (LHAO) consists of the transposition of the ovaries into the paracolic gutter during staging laparotomy, after disconnecting the gonads from the fallopian tubes by dividing the tubo‐ovarian vessels.

The technique's effectiveness was assessed by a study using clinical investigation, radioimmunoassay (RIA) determination of sex hormones, and dosimetry; of 18 patients treated, 10 participated in the study. All but one have normal menses and hormone values, and one pregnancy occurred. We also calculated the doses absorbed by the ovaries and proved that, during inverted Y irradiation following LHAO, the ovaries are exposed to nearly one‐half the dose they receive after traditional medial transposition. During subtotal nodal irradiation after LHAO, the irradiation dose is higher than after medialisation, but absolute values are minimal and castration is not induced.
Results of liver angiography and perfusion scintigraphy do not correlate with response to hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Lehner B. , Kretzschmar U. , Bubeck B. , Holting T. , Schlac P.
Published: February 2007

Liver angiography and liver perfusion scintigraphy with Tc‐99m‐labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) were performed in 36 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer prior to continuous 5‐fluorouracil hepatic artery infusion (HAI) hemotherapy. Of the 26 patients showing metastases on arteriogram, five revealed increased tumor vascularisation, five had normal vascularisation, and 16 showed decreased vascularisation of the metastases relative to liver. In liver perfusion scintigraphy, 15 of the 36 patients showed increased perfusion of the metastases, four had normal perfusion, and 17 had decreased tumor perfusion. The observed differences in survival in the different groups were not statistically significant: patients survived 15 months in the group with increased tumor vascularisation, 8 months for normal vascularisation, and 14 months for decreased tumor vascularisation; survival was 28 months for the group of increased, and 13 and 14 months for the normal and decreased tumor perfusion groups respectively. Also, response rates with 80%, 40%, and 75% responders in the group of increased, normal, and decreased tumor vascularisation, respectively, and 80%, 50%, and 59% responders in the group of increased, normal, and decreased perfusion, respectively, were not significantly different. These results indicate that there is no possibility to discriminate potential responders from nonresponders by results of liver angiography or perfusion scintigraphy.
Prognostic value of hormone receptors in breast cancer
Authors: Morimoto Tadaoki , Komaki Kansei , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Yamakawa Takashi , Tanaka Takashi , Sonoo Hiroshi , Monden Yasumasa
Published: February 2007

The aim of this study was to establish the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) as prognostic indicators for early recurrence and survival. In all, among breast cancer patients, 166 patients who had undergone radical or extended radical mastectomy were studied. These patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone for 2–3 years after surgery. No patients had adjuvant endocrine therapy. Local recurrence and/or distant metastases were treated by endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy. The relapse‐free interval was not different between the ER‐positive and ER‐negative patients. The postrelapse survival curve was significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the relapse‐free interval and the postrelapse survival curve between the PgR‐positive and PgR‐negative patients. These results suggest that ER is a good predictor of the response to endocrine therapy given after relapse, but not of early recurrence.
Immunohistological characterization of human monoclonal antibody against lung cancer
Authors: Yano Tokujiro , Yasumoto Kosei , Nagashima Akira , Murakami Hiroki , Hashizume Shuichi , Nomoto Kikuo
Published: February 2007

Using immunoperoxidase staining method, a human monoclonal antibody (MAb), termed HB4C5, which was generated by fusion of NAT‐30 cells with regional lymph node lymphocytes from a lung cancer patient, was examined for tumor specificity. The determinant recognized by HB4C5 MAb was well preserved in usual formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. Experiments with four major histological types of the lung cancer showed that HB4C5 MAb reacted with adenocarcinoma (19/27), squamous cell carcinoma (2/15), and large cell carcinoma (4/6), but not with small cell carcinoma (0/7). The immunoreaction was seen in the cytoplasm. In addition, this MAb also reacted with some gastric and colon adenocarcinomas. Further study on normal lung and nonpulmonary tissues revealed that HB4C5 MAb bound only type II pneumocytes and proximal tubules of normal kidney.
Radiotherapy and l‐triiodothyronine in the treatment of high‐grade astrocytoma
Authors: Morales Pedro , Bosch Antonio , Lopez Ricardo , Nery Cristina , Borras Freddy , Rosa Mario
Published: February 2007

From January 1983 to March 1984, eight patients with high‐grade astrocytoma received postoperative irradiation concomitantly with triiodothyronine at the Radiation Therapy Department of the I. González Martínez Oncologic Hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico. There were no complications related to treatment. One patient is alive without evidence of disease at 39 months and seven patients died with disease, one of whom lived for 3 yr. The survival curve for these patients is similar to the survival curve of 18 patients treated at the University of Chicago by surgery, radiation, and triiodothyronine. The value of triiodothyronine as an adjuvant in the treatment of high grade astrocytoma should be further investigated.
Relationship of surveillance cultures to bacteremia and fungemia in bone marrow transplant recipients with hickman or broviac catheters
Authors: Rotstein Coleman , Higby Donald , Killion Kathleen , Powell Eileen
Published: February 2007

A total of 64 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia were documented in 25 allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were the most common pathogens recovered, with 34 of the 39 isolated being methicillin resistant. Streptococcus viridans (11 episodes), diphtheroids (5 episodes), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 episodes) accounted for the majority of the other pathogens causing bacteremia. Six episodes of fungemia were also seen. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were demonstrated in 31 of 36 (86%) throat cultures, 25 of 35 (71%) stool cultures, and 6 of 7 (86%) Hickman or Broviac catheter exit site surveillance cultures prior to the development of bacteremia caused by these organisms. Throat surveillance cultures positive for 5. viridans also showed a correlation (88%) with subsequent S. viridans bacteremia. However, surveillance cultures for aerobic gram‐negative bacilli, diphtheroids, and fungi did not correlate with subsequent septicemia. Organisms isolated in throat surveillance cultures correlated with subsequent bacteremia caused by these organisms in only 15% of all the cultures taken, while only 14% of stool cultures predicted bacteremia. The utility of surveillance cultures is limited because of low cost‐effectiveness and a high rate of false‐positive results.
Effect of blood transfusions on immune function: IV. Effect on tumor growth
Authors: Paul Waymack J. , Chance William T.
Published: February 2007

Blood transfusions have previously been shown in retrospective studies of oncologic surgical patients to be associated with an increased incidence of tumor metastases and decreased long‐term survival rate. The possibility that these findings were due to patients with larger, more aggressive tumors requiring the transfusions could not be excluded. To eliminate this possibility, the effect of transfusions on tumor growth in a rat sarcoma model was tested. In this study it was shown that allogeneic transfusions increase the rate of tumor growth and decrease mean survival times. This effect was not demonstrated when syngeneic transfusions were used. These data indicate that the diminished long‐term survival seen in transfused patients undergoing tumor resection may be due to an impaired immunologic response to the tumor. Avoidance of this effect might be possible through the use of human syngeneic (autologous) transfusions.