bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicaid Personal Care Services for Children With Intellectual Disabilities: What Assistance Is Provided? When Is Assistance Provided?
Authors: Elliott Timothy R. , Patnaik Ashweeta , Naiser Emily , Fournier Constance J. , McMaughan Darcy K. , Dyer James A. , Phillips Charles D.
Published: March 2014

We report on the nature and timing of services provided to children with an intellectual disability (ID) identified by a new comprehensive assessment and care planning tool used to evaluate children's needs for Medicaid Personal Care Services (PCS) in Texas. The new assessment procedure resulted from a legal settlement with the advocacy community. Participants in the study were 1,109 children ages 4–20 with an intellectual disability diagnosis who were assessed between January and April of 2010. The need for assistance is higher on Saturday and Sunday, when school services are not available. We report differences in service patterns for children who vary in ID severity. Finally, we consider the implications of our results for policies and programs that serve families with children with an ID.
The Experience of Stress and Personal Growth Among Grandparents of Children With and Without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Findler Liora
Published: March 2014

The aim of this research was to examine the contribution of internal and external resources to stress and personal growth among grandparents of children with and without an intellectual disability. Ninety-four grandparents of children with intellectual disability and 105 grandparents of children without intellectual disability completed the following scales: Multidimensional Experience of Grandparenthood; Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support, Level of Differentiation of Self Scale, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results indicate that group differences are reflected in higher negative emotions among grandparents of children without intellectual disability. In addition, both stress and growth are related to better health, lower level of education, family cohesiveness, and negative emotions. However, whereas stress is associated with the internal resource of self-differentiation, the external resource of social support, and the cost of grandparenthood, growth is associated with gender and the symbolic and behavioral aspects of the grandparenting role. This study aimed to correct the nearly exclusive focus in the literature on negativity, stress, and the burden of grandparenting children with intellectual disability, as well as to test the pervasive assumption that the absence of disability results in an almost entirely positive grandparenting experience with nearly no negative affect.
THE OPERATING LOAD OF A DISINTEGRATION MACHINE
Authors: Beniak Juraj , Križan Peter , Matúš Miloš , Kováčová Monika
Published: March 2014

The process of disintegration is affected by a large number of operating and design parameters which have not previously been described in detail. This paper discusses the effect of the disintegrative surface area on the size of the operational load of a disintegration machine. This parameter affects the operational power of the device. The paper explains the experimental process, and describes and evaluates the measured data with mathematical functions that describe the relation of the operational power of the devices to a selected parameter.
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT FOR AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER
Authors: Gajdoš Matúš
Published: March 2014

The ability of water to dissolve organic substances is very limited. However, its ability to dissolve them changes if pressure and temperature values reach the so-called critical point (p = 22.06MPa, T = 373.95 °C). Fluid water in this state is called supercritical water (SCW), and values of its physical properties are included among the values of such properties for liquid phase and gaseous phase. Various types of organic matter can be treated in SCW, and it is especially useful for materials that cannot be treated cost-effectively with conventional technologies (incineration, etc.). Suitable input materials are mainly industrial waste or biomass with high water content. Conventional processing of these materials requires energy-intensive drying or densification. Processing the inputs in SCW completely removes these problems, since sufficient water content is a prerequisite for creating a suitable environment for efficient operation of the system. In this paper, glycerol as a by-product of alternative fuel production was chosen for evaluation in the SCW autothermal reforming cycle. The paper analyses the influence of several processing parameters on the operation of model laboratory equipment.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF COGENERATION TECHNOLOGY USING COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION
Authors: Lisý Martin , Baláš Marek , Špiláček Michal , Skála Zdenek
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the technical and economic optimization of new microcogeneration technology with biomass combustion or biomass gasification used for cogeneration of electrical energy and heat for a 200 kW unit. During the development phase, six possible connection solutions were investigated, elaborated and optimized. This paper presents a basic description of the technology, a description of the technological solutions, and especially the results of balance and financial calculations, ending with a comparison and evaluation of the results.
THE INFLUENCE OF SIZE FRACTION ON THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF PINE SAWDUST AND THE EFFECTIVENESS CRITERION FOR DENSIFICATION
Authors: Matúš Miloš , Križan Peter , Kováčová Monika , Beniak Juraj
Published: March 2014

Particulate matter from biomass, e.g. wood sawdust, is very diverse. The basic parameter describing the densification process of particulate matter is its compressibility, quantified by the coefficient of compressibility. Knowing this coefficient for a specific material is a basic prerequisite for the application of compressibility equations describing the densification process, and for calculating the workload in the production process of high-grade solid biofuel. This paper deals with a methodology for determining the compressibility factor for sawdust on the basis of experiments to quantify pine sawdust. The experiments were performed in two stages. The first stage was an experimental investigation of the influence of size fraction on the final compressibility of pine sawdust. The results show the behaviour of the pressure load when the parameters of the particulate matter are changed. In the second stage, the experiments are evaluated and optimized to achieve minimum energy input of the process and a maximum degree of densification. The research results will be used to develop new technologies and machinery for biomass densification to achieve a high-grade solid biofuel.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PKS
Authors: Onderová Iveta , Kolláth Ludovít , Ploskuňáková Lucia
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the theoretical design for experimental verification of the structural and technological parameters of the Parallel Kinematic Structure. The experimental equipment was developed at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, STU in Bratislava. It is called Tricept, and due to its kinematics it is classified as a parallel structure. The previous phase of the project dealt with developing a mathematical model of the tool path. We have worked with two methods, a Monte Carlo method and the use of a mathematical analytical geometry structure. The calculated values were verified by comparing the results of the two methods. Based on the equations that were obtained, we can design the control of the tool path during cutting. The next stage focuses on the test methods and on verifying the structural and technological parameters of Tricept. The experiment is designed on the basis of the EN ISO 9283 standard, and involves testing the technological parameters: one-way positioning accuracy and repeatability of the position, changes of multidirectional positioning accuracy, repeatability and accuracy of the distance, position overshoot, drift of the position parameters, path accuracy, and repeatability of the path. This paper classifies the measurement methods and presents the measurement processes and the equipment for the experiment.
Análise de conteúdo de publicações em sistemas produto-serviço
Authors: Hänsch Beuren Fernanda , Ferreira Marcelo Gitirana Gomes , Zancul Eduardo de Senzi , Cauchick Miguel Paulo Augusto
Published: March 2014

Este trabalho trata de uma atualização bibliográfica sobre sistemas produto-serviço (PSS) por meio de uma revisão da literatura entre o período de 2006 a 2011. Tendo como objetivo reorientar o consumo de produtos para uma sociedade mais sustentável, o PSS vem sendo considerado uma oportunidade competitiva, o qual oferece o uso do produto por meio de uma prestação de serviços. Nesse contexto, o trabalho tem como objetivo complementar a literatura existente sobre PSS, por meio de uma busca estruturada em bases de dados relevantes. Os trabalhos identificados apresentam informações relevantes sobre o PSS e estes são apresentados no decorrer do texto, destacando principais periódicos, autores mais citados e principal artigo utilizado como referência pela academia. A partir das publicações identificadas e interpretadas, destacam-se alguns fatores-chave que abrangem o que a literatura vem tratando sobre o tema nos últimos anos. Desta forma, analisando a produção identificada no período selecionado, apresenta-se uma síntese conclusiva ao final de cada fator-chave. Para finalizar, apresentam-se algumas sugestões de pesquisas futuras sobre o tema, destacando a necessidade de trabalhos teóricos e empíricos para maior compreensão sobre a caracterização e os benefícios de um PSS, bem como ferramentas e metodologias que facilitem a sua implantação.
Aplicação de um gráfico cusum binomial no monitoramento de um indicador de água potável
Authors: Henning Elisa , Konrath Andréa Cristina , Walter Olga Maria Formigoni Carvalho , Alves Custodio da Cunha , Samohyl Robert Wayne
Published: March 2014

A proposta deste artigo é analisar a aplicação de um gráfico de somas acumuladas (CUSUM) binomial no monitoramento da presença de coliformes totais, um indicador biológico para verificar a qualidade da água de abastecimento em um processo de tratamento de água. A série analisada é proveniente de uma estação de tratamento de água e corresponde ao período de 2007 a 2009, com frequência mensal. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado no GNU R, com desenvolvimento de rotinas para aproximar o limite superior do gráfico CUSUM binomial. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo comparativo para investigar se existe diferença significativa quanto à sensibilidade existente entre a aplicação do referido gráfico e o tradicional gráfico do tipo Shewhart, geralmente aplicado  em monitoramento de processos. Os resultados demonstraram que este estudo foi fundamental para definir a melhor opção entre os gráficos para a análise estatística deste processo.
Análise do impacto da variabilidade de fluxo no dimensionamento de kanbans
Authors: Pergher Isaac , Da Silva Luciano Auad , De Jesus Pacheco Diego Augusto , Vaccaro Guilherme Luis Roehe
Published: March 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os efeitos da variabilidade de fluxo, preconizada pela Factory Physics, no dimensionamento de Kanban em sistemas produtivos. A variabilidade de fluxo pressupõe que a variabilidade existente nas atividades executadas por um processo é dissipada ao longo de todo o fluxo produtivo do sistema, causando variações no lead time, no nível de estoques em processo e na disponibilidade de equipamentos, entre outros. Para conduzir a investigação, foi criado um modelo didático de simulação computacional por eventos discretos. O modelo proposto visa apresentar os possíveis impactos provocados pela variabilidade de fluxo no sistema produtivo no dimensionamento do número de cartões Kanban, a partir dos resultados fornecidos por dois cenários distintos investigados. Os principais resultados da pesquisa permitem evidenciar que, comparando os dois cenários desenvolvidos para o modelo, a presença de variabilidade no sistema produtivo causou um aumento médio de 32% no número de cartões Kanban (p=0,000). Isso implica que, em sistemas produtivos reais, o estudo de dimensionamento de Kanbans deveria contemplar as variabilidades individuais das operações, fato por vezes relegado a um pressuposto na formulação da literatura que trata da definição do número de Kanbans, oportunizando assim o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras nesse sentido.
Responsabilidade ambiental e gerenciamento de resultados em empresas de governança corporativa da BM&fbovespa
Authors: Beuren Ilse Maria , Rodrigues Junior Moacir Manoel
Published: March 2014

Este estudo objetiva analisar se empresas que possuem a característica de serem socioambientalmente responsáveis tendem a gerenciar mais seus resultados do que as sem essa característica. Fundamentado na pesquisa de Heltzer (2011), realizou-se pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de análise documental, em empresas dos níveis de governança corporativa da BM&FBovespa, diferenciando-as pela existência ou não de atividades ambientais. Para o cálculo do índice de gerenciamento de resultados utilizaram-se quatro modelos, sendo um o modelo Jones original e os outros três modelos modificados do primeiro. Os resultados apontaram que empresas que são ambientalmente responsáveis possuem um índice de gerenciamento de resultados negativo maior que empresas sem esta característica. Como conclusão tem-se que as atividades de responsabilidade ambiental influenciaram significativamente o resultado das empresas socioambientalmente responsáveis pesquisadas, o que denota gerenciamento de resultados mediante decisões operacionais, mesmo que de modo não consciente pelos gestores.
Uso da análise de decisão multicritério em processos licitatórios públicos: um estudo de caso
Authors: Longaray André Andrade , Bucco Guilherme Brandelli
Published: March 2014

As Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) ocupam importante papel no desenvolvimento social e científico brasileiro. Com seu foco principal voltado às atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, as IFES contam com a assessoria de fundações de apoio para a gestão dos recursos financeiros, humanos e materiais. Caracterizadas como órgãos públicos, as fundações de apoio são regidas pela Lei nº 8.666/93 no que tange às contratações e aquisições de bens e serviços. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo do presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um modelo para auxiliar os gestores de uma fundação de apoio na seleção de fornecedores para processos licitatórios do tipo carta-convite. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma das 55 fundações de apoio das universidades federais brasileiras. O instrumento de intervenção utilizado foi a Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP). Em um primeiro momento, foi estabelecida a estrutura hierárquica dos critérios para o problema. Em seguida, feita a comparação pareada entre os critérios de mesmo nível. Após, foi verificada a análise de consistência das matrizes de comparação. Por fim, foram obtidas as prioridades relativas de cada critério e procedida a construção da função-objetivo do modelo. O modelo foi testado por meio da avaliação do desempenho de três propensos fornecedores de material de informática e seu resultado foi legitimado pelos decisores, os quais consideraram o instrumento válido como ferramenta de auxílio nas decisões na seleção de fornecedores para a fundação.
Co-produção de serviço na pós-graduação: uma análise do comportamento do mestrando no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Branco Murilo , Lambiase Diego , Mattioda Paulo , Oliveira Guilherme , Teixeira Rafael
Published: March 2014

Devido ao processo de evolução em que a educação de nível de pós-graduação no Brasil vem se submetendo nos últimos anos, juntamente com a necessidade de formar profissionais capazes para a profissão, o presente estudo visa entender o comportamento do mestrando na co-produção do serviço educacional na pós-graduação no Brasil. Por meio da apresentação de um modelo teórico formulado para entender aspectos como a participação, tempo e dedicação em relação ao desempenho do aluno, realizou-se um estudo de caso qualitativo exploratório, tendo como unidade de análise 13 alunos de uma instituição privada brasileira. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que as variáveis apresentadas têm relação determinante para a co-produção no ambiente pesquisado. Acredita-se que os resultados da pesquisa contribuem não somente para o entendimento do fenômeno, bem como para a literatura de serviço educacional e co-produção, além da contribuição metodológica para estudos de caso realizados a partir do questionário aberto proposto neste estudo.
Sistema fuzzy para análise de riscos em projetos de software através dos atributos da norma de qualidade iso 25000
Authors: Shia Chau Sen , Costa Ivanir
Published: March 2014

Com o crescimento da demanda por produtos e serviços na área de TI, as empresas encontram dificuldades em estabelecer uma métrica ou medida de qualidade de serviços para abordar de forma mensurável os valores qualitativos em seus planejamentos. Neste trabalho realiza-se o uso da lógica fuzzy, norma SQuaRE (medição da qualidade de produtos de software ), escala Likert, método GQM (Goal-Question-Metric – Indicador de Qualidade de Software) e a análise de risco de projeto do modelo de Boehm para avaliar a qualidade dos serviços e tomadas de decisão, segundo a sua demanda e  solicitações de desenvolvimento de software. Com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade na prestação de serviços, o aplicativo desenvolvido é utilizado para integrar a equipe e acompanhar o ciclo de vida de um projeto desde a sua fase inicial e auxiliar na comparação com o cronograma proposto durante o levantamento de requisitos.
Uma sistemática para a avaliação de riscos na implantação de produção enxuta
Authors: Marodin Giuliano Almeida , Saurin Tarcísio Abreu , Fettermann Diego de Castro
Published: March 2014

A complexidade organizacional e técnica da implementação dos princípios e práticas enxutas pode tornar o processo em uma jornada demorada e não alcançar os benefícios esperados. O presente artigo argumenta que a avaliação de risco pode auxiliar na compreensão e gestão das principais dificuldades na implementação de Produção Enxuta (IPE), desta forma, aumentando as chances de sucesso dos processos. Uma sistemática para a avaliação de riscos no processo de IPE foi desenvolvida com base em uma revisão de literatura. Tal revisão permitiu adaptar as etapas de avaliação do risco às características da IPE e desenvolver procedimentos de coleta e análise de dados para cada etapa. A teoria de Sistemas Sociotécnicos (STS) foi usada para melhorar a compreensão das características do contexto na sistemática proposta, pois este influência fortemente na avaliação dos riscos e na IPE. A sistemática tem cinco etapas: (a) definição da unidade de análise, (b) descrever o contexto, (c) identificar os riscos; (d) analisar os riscos; e (e) modelar as relações entre os riscos. As limitações e peculiaridades da sistemática de avaliação de riscos na IPE são discutidas nas conclusões.
VIGOTSKI E A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA: A QUESTÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO PSÍQUICO
Authors: Duarte Newton
Published: March 2014

O artigo defende que a psicologia histórico-cultural, para contribuir para a prática educativa escolar, precisa da mediação da Pedagogia histórico-crítica. Nessa direção, o artigo analisa, no terreno das relações entre Psicologia e Pedagogia, um critério para a caracterização do desenvolvimento humano. Situando tanto a psicologia como a pedagogia no processo histórico da luta de classes, o artigo defende que o ser humano se desenvolve pelo uso das mediações que lhe possibilitam passar da condição de ser em si à condição de ser para si.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2150
O TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO PRESENTE NA BRINCADEIRA DE PAPÉIS SOCIAIS E A SUA IMPORTÂNCIA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA IMAGINAÇÃO CRIADORA NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Steinle Marlizete Cristina Bonafini
Published: March 2014

Historicamente o jogo sempre foi concebido como uma ação infantil sem importância para o adulto, visto como um mero passatempo de criança. Contudo, na atualidade, várias são as pesquisas que buscam discutir a importância do jogo e sua importância na das crianças, bem como discutir metodologias para sua utilização na escola. Assim, são objetos deste estudo a brincadeira e a imaginação criadora na infância. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como a brincadeira tem sido compreendida e utilizada pelo professor da Educação Infantil e em que medida ela colabora com o desenvolvimento da imaginação criadora. Para tanto, é verificado como o professor da Educação Infantil organiza seu trabalho docente a fim de estimular o desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas na criança. Depois de detidos momentos de estudo, discussão, reflexão e análise dos pressupostos teóricos referentes à Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, pôde-se concluir que o presente texto contribuirá com a reflexão dos professores da Educação Infantil que reconhecem a importância do jogo e da brincadeira na organização pedagógica, bem como a sua indissociabilidade com a imaginação.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2159
DESENVOLVIMENTO, APRENDIZAGEM E ATIVIDADES LÚDICAS NA CONCEPÇÃO DE LEONTIEV: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR
Authors: De Fátima Cintia Regina , Da Silva Flávia Gonçalves
Published: March 2014

Com o avanço do conhecimento sobre desenvolvimento humano, especialmente o infantil, a atividade lúdica passou a ser não apenas um meio de lazer e recreação, mas também uma forma de promover educação por possibilitar a apropriação do mundo, sendo um dos recursos pedagógicos usados na escola para a aprendizagem de vários conteúdos. Por tal função e importância, diferentes vertentes psicológicas se dedicam a compreender como tais atividades promovem desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, sendo um conhecimento necessário para a prática de profissionais da educação. Neste sentido, por compreender que a psicologia histórico-cultural tem uma concepção de indivíduo de forma integral e totalizante, o objetivo desse texto está em identificar quais as concepções de desenvolvimento, aprendizagem e atividades lúdicas para A. N. Leontiev (um dos autores da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural) e, ainda, tecer algumas considerações sobre as contribuições que a referida teoria pode oferecer para a Educação Física escolar. Para Leontiev, o desenvolvimento está relacionado com a capacidade do indivíduo se apropriar e agir no mundo de forma consciente, logo, é impulsionado pelo processo de aprendizagem. Na infância, a atividade que permite a criança ter o domínio sobre uma área mais ampla da realidade é a atividade lúdica. Estas perpassam por um processo de transição no qual a situação imaginária e o papel são explícitos com regras ocultas, caracterizando os jogos de enredo, que evoluem para regras explícitas, em que, a situação imaginária e o papel são latentes, configurando os jogos com regras. Pela atividade lúdica fazer parte das manifestações da cultura corporal, sendo uma das especificidades da Educação Física, pode-se afirmar que esta é importante recurso para o desenvolvimento infantil, pois permite à criança ter acesso e se apropriar da cultura historicamente acumulada, fornecendo condições para desenvolver os processos tipicamente humanos.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2160
EDUCAÇÃO MUSICAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PENSAMENTO INFANTIL
Authors: Scherer Cleudet De Assis
Published: March 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a contribuição da música na organização do pensamento infantil em 15 crianças de três a cinco anos sem experiência em musicalização de uma pré-escola pública no município de Campo Mourão - PR. Buscamos respaldo teórico na perspectiva Histórico-Cultural que preconiza serem as relações entre os sujeitos imprescindíveis para a formação do pensamento. Desse modo, nos sentimos encorajadas a produzir e efetivar situações de ensino com a linguagem musical, já que as mesmas originam-se e ocorrem na prática social. Neste texto, discutiremos a respeito dos dados da pesquisa que foram coletados e analisados conforme as seguintes etapas: 1) conhecimento musical prévio das crianças; 2) apropriação do conteúdo desenvolvido; 3) verificação da influência dos conteúdos musicais sobre a organização do pensamento das crianças envolvidas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, podemos afirmar que a música, como uma das manifestações da linguagem humana, é, sem dúvida, uma forma de expressão que promove o desenvolvimento infantil por permitir à criança a utilização de instrumentos verbais que podem ser transferidos para outras circunstâncias, uma vez que a qualidade do pensamento, depende das associações e generalizações que ela aprenda estabelecer. No entanto, para que ocorra essa apropriação, é necessária, por parte dos professores da Educação Infantil, uma prática organizada e consciente no ensino da música.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2164
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN COACH EDUCATION PEDAGOGY
Authors: Morgan Kevin , Jones Robin L. , Gilbourne David , Llewellyn David
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT: We know that coach education programmes continue to be criticized for their largely didactic methods of delivery and rather superficial engagement with the complex reality of practice and we understand that innovative approaches in coach education pedagogy means moving somewhat away from the competencies based approach and it has been increasingly argued that the aim of coach education should be to develop in practitioners a ‘quality of mind’ so that they are better equipped to deal with the problematic and dynamic nature of their work. The skills of coach educators in facilitating the learning of student coaches are crucial to the effectiveness of the pedagogies. Coach educators, therefore, must be committed to the approaches outlined in this article and invest the time and work necessary to learning new skills if they are to be successfully implemented. We found that teaching in this way resulted in a raised degree of responsibility on behalf of the tutors, not so much in relation to their content delivery, but for the subsequent student interaction and learning (JONES et al., 2011). In this sense tutors took greater care to listen and react to group interactions, recognising that their (non) interventions at (in) appropriate times could genuinely affect and frame ensuing students’ discussions and perceptions. A further area of research, therefore, could be to explore the issues surrounding the training and support of coach educators in implementing such pedagogical innovative approaches to coach education. RESUMO: Sabemos que os trabalhos de orientação de técnicos/professores são muito criticados por seus métodos pouco se aproximarem de práticas inovadoras. No entanto, práticas pedagógicas inovadoras devem se aproximar da realidade prática e avançar aos métodos tradicionais, considerando que uma pedagogia inovadora deve mover alguém do lugar onde se encontra para conhecer novas possibilidades. As habilidades dos técnicos/professores devem ser trabalhadas no sentido dos mesmos se constituírem facilitadores do processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes para se pensar numa pedagogia inovadora. Entendemos que uma concepção pedagógica construída nessa direção possibilita o desenvolvimento tanto de técnicos/professores, assim como os estudantes e pesquisas educacionais devem caminhar nessa direção, tendo em vista a necessidade de transformação qualitativa dessa áreade atuação.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2170
Luzin's condition (N) and modulus of continuity
Authors: Koskela Pekka , Malý Jan , Zürcher Thomas
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we establish Luzin's condition (N)
for mappings in certain Sobolev–Orlicz spaces with certain moduli of continuity. Further, given a mapping in these Sobolev–Orlicz spaces, we give bounds on the size of the exceptional set where Luzin's condition (N) may fail. If a mapping violates Luzin's condition (N), we show that there is a Cantor set of measure zero that is mapped to a set of positive measure.
Combustion behavior of oak wood (Quercus mongolica L.) modified by 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)
Authors: Xie Yanjun , Liu Na , Wang Qingwen , Xiao Zefang , Wang Fengqiang , Zhang Yanhua , Militz Holger
Published: March 2014

The modification of wood with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) is an efficient strategy to improve its dimensional stability and durability during its service period. In this study, oak wood (Quercus mongolica L.) was treated with DMDHEU and the combustion behavior of the treated wood was examined. The bench-scale thermogravimetry and cone calorimetry showed that the treatment with DMDHEU alone enhanced the flammability of wood, but a combined treatment with DMDHEU and traces of magnesium chloride as a catalyst lowered the flammability to the level of untreated wood. In full-scale fire tests for flooring materials, it could be confirmed that both the untreated and treated woods have similar combustion behavior and can be classified as Dfl-S1 (capable of resisting a small flame and, for a certain period, a heat flux attack; the total smoke production is limited). Accordingly, further fire-retardant treatments may be required if DMDHEU-treated wood is used in public areas.
Suicidal behavior in Indian adolescents
Authors: Samuel Diana , Sher Leo
Published: March 2014

Suicide is both a public and mental health problem, and is a leading cause of deaths, especially among adolescents. Two factors that contribute to the decision of adolescents to commit suicide are having a primary mood disorder and/or substance use. In the Indian culture, the family unit has both a positive and negative impact on suicide. The family serves as a protective factor that provides a strong support for the individual, but alternately creates an inseparable individual when seeking mental health care, which often complicates the situation. Due to the stigma, Indians typically perceive having a mental illness as shameful. Religion is integral to the Indian culture so much so that individuals often use herbal remedies, seek help from religious leaders, and attend religious establishments prior to obtaining a mental health evaluation in those that are subsequently deemed as mentally ill. Despite the fact that suicides are underreported and misdiagnosed in India, it is known that the highest rates are among those <30 years old. The methods most commonly used to commit suicide in India include the ingestion of poison (often pesticides), hanging, burning, and drowning. When immigrating, Indians tend to switch the methods they use to commit suicide from ingestion of poison to hanging, which may reflect a lack of available poisonous substances or the influence of the host culture. Considering the high suicide rates in adolescents, the importance of providing psychoeducation, restricting access to lethal means, and promoting social integration in immigrants are various ways by which suicides in Indian adolescents can be avoided.
The underexamined association between posttraumatic stress disorder, medical illness and suicidal behavior
Authors: Dobry Yuriy , Sher Leo
Published: March 2014

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is concerning not only because of the severity and chronicity of its symptoms – including distressing nightmares, flashbacks, anxiety attacks and maladaptive patterns of avoidant and nearly paranoid behavior – but also because of the wide spectrum of clinical and social impairments it is tightly associated with. The most striking example of clinical morbidity associated with PTSD is the well-known increase in the risk of suicidal behavior. Given that PTSD and medical illnesses increase the likelihood of suicide separately and independently, it is reasonable to suggest that the risk of suicidal behavior differs between patients suffering from PTSD comorbid with medical illnesses and patients having either condition alone. The available data point toward a novel clinical notion, an altered risk of suicidal behavior in patients suffering from comorbid PTSD and medical illnesses. This area of overlap between medicine and psychiatry is still in its infancy, with many unanswered questions about the rate, patterns and psychobiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior in this patient population. The positive association between PTSD, medical illness and suicidal behavior that appears to exist in the adult population, most likely affects the pediatric population as well. Closer investigation into the significance of the association between chronic medical illnesses, PTSD and suicidality in children, adolescents and adults is necessary.
Bullying, psychiatric pathology and suicidal behavior
Authors: Dobry Yuriy , Braquehais María Dolores , Sher Leo
Published: March 2014

Bullying is a highly prevalent behavior which carries a significant social, medical and financial cost for its victims and perpetrators, with powerful and long-lasting psychological and social impact. Bullying has been defined as a specific form of intentional, repeated aggression, that involves a disparity of power between the victim(s) and perpetrator(s). The aggression can take physical, verbal or gestural forms. The behavior of bullying crosses sociodemographic categories of age, gender, ethnicity, level of academic achievement and professional environment. It has been abundantly observed by teachers and parents in elementary schools, but has also shown its negative presence in corporate boardrooms. The direst outcome of bullying, for both victims and perpetrators, is an increased risk of psychiatric disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and suicidal behavior. Cruelty (and bullying, as one of its manifestations) breaks the basis of morality. Mental health professionals usually treat the victims of those actions unfortunately long after they have been exposed to the harm. The evidence does not support the idea that the majority of cruel actions are intrinsically “pathological”, in the sense of being motivated by “mental disorders”. Therefore, only moral rules and legal actions – but not psychiatric or psychological interventions – may dissuade humans from this form of cruelty.
Targeted Estimation of Binary Variable Importance Measures with Interval-Censored Outcomes
Authors: Sapp Stephanie , van der Laan Mark J. , Page Kimberly
Published: March 2014

In most experimental and observational studies, participants are not followed in continuous time. Instead, data is collected about participants only at certain monitoring times. These monitoring times are random and often participant specific. As a result, outcomes are only known up to random time intervals, resulting in interval-censored data. In contrast, when estimating variable importance measures on interval-censored outcomes, practitioners often ignore the presence of interval censoring, and instead treat the data as continuous or right-censored, applying ad hoc approaches to mask the true interval censoring. In this article, we describe targeted minimum loss–based estimation (TMLE) methods tailored for estimation of binary variable importance measures with interval-censored outcomes. We demonstrate the performance of the interval-censored TMLE procedure through simulation studies and apply the method to analyze the effects of a variety of variables on spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance among injection drug users, using data from the “International Collaboration of Incident HIV and HCV in Injecting Cohorts” project.
Generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) from hydrogen peroxide decomposition by in situ generated hypervalent iodoarene reagents
Authors: Kalay Erbay , Kılıç Hamdullah , Catir Mustafa , Cakici Murat , Kazaz Cavit
Published: March 2014

A novel method for the production of singlet oxygen from H2O2 was developed. A combination of iodoarene (ArI), methyltrioxorhenium (MTO), and H2O2 in the presence of pyridine as the co-catalyst efficiently produced singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) under biphasic conditions. The existence of 1O2 was demonstrated by trapping experiments with aromatic dienes, 1,3-cyclodienes, and alkenes. The mechanism of 1O2 production from the iodoarene/MTO/35 % H2O2 system and the reaction scope was also discussed.
Naphthalimides for labeling and sensing applications
Authors: Jia Xiaotong , Yang Yu , Xu Yufang , Qian Xuhong
Published: March 2014

Naphthalimide has now become a class of most popular fluorophores for probe design, along with coumarin, fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY and cyanine. This account aims at the first-year graduate students as the primary audience and showcases the versatile design principles applicable to the naphthalimide fluorophore when designing a probe or label, with focused examples from the Qian research laboratory. We also provide a general synthetic scheme to naphthalimides of various substitution patterns.
Stereoselective C-glycosylation of furanosyl halides with arylzinc reagents
Authors: Lemaire Sébastien , Xolin Amandine , Gozlan Charlotte , Farina Vittorio
Published: March 2014

Were are reporting a highly diastereoselective, transition-metal-free approach of C-aryl glycosides in the pyranoside and furanoside series by the direct coupling of glycosyl halides with diarylzinc reagents in a toluene/di-n-butyl ether solvent mixture.
Copper-catalyzed aminoboration and hydroamination of alkenes with electrophilic amination reagents
Authors: Hirano Koji , Miura Masahiro
Published: March 2014

A copper-catalyzed regioselective, stereospecific, and enantioselective aminoboration reaction of alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron and O-acylated hydroxylamines has been developed to deliver the corresponding β-aminoalkylboranes, which can be important building blocks in organic synthesis. In addition, this methodology has been applied to a formal regioselective hydroamination of styrenes by replacement of the diboron reagent with polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS). The catalytic asymmetric hydroamination is also possible by using an appropriate chiral biphosphine ligand.
Semiconductor nanowire solar cells: synthetic advances and tunable properties
Authors: Kempa Thomas J. , Lieber Charles M.
Published: March 2014

The solar power received by Earth far exceeds global power demands. Despite this, infrastructure shortages and high capital costs prevent the wide-scale adoption of photovoltaics to displace conventional energy technologies relying on carbon-based fuels. In response, new concepts and materials have been explored to develop next-generation solar cells capable of operating more efficiently and cheaply. Over the past decade, single semiconductor nanowire (NW) and NW array devices have emerged as promising platforms with which to examine new concepts. Small distances in NWs allow for efficient charge separation while tunable photonic modes permit light absorption properties distinct from bulk materials. Furthermore, the synthesis and fabrication of NW devices presents new opportunities such as with incorporation of complex heterostructures or use of cheaper substrates. Here, we present a critical discussion of the benefits and remaining challenges related to utilization of NWs for solar energy conversion and emphasize the synthetic advances leading towards significant improvement in the electrical and optical performance of NW devices. We conclude by articulating the unique capabilities of solar cells assembled from multiple, distinct NWs.
Amide I IR probing of core and shell hydrogen-bond structures in reverse micelles
Authors: Lee Jooyong , Jeon Jonggu , Kim Min-Seok , Lee Hochan , Cho Minhaeng
Published: March 2014

The properties of N-methylacetamide (NMA) molecules encapsulated in the reverse micelles (RMs) formed by anionic surfactant aerosol OT (AOT), are studied with vibrational spectroscopy and computation. Vibrational spectra of the amide I′ mode of the fully deuterated NMA-d
7 show gradual increase of peak frequencies and line broadening as the size of RMs decreases. Analyses of the spectral features reveal the presence of three states of NMA-d
7 that correspond to NMA located in the core of water phase (absorption frequency of 1606 cm–1) and two types of interfacial NMA near the surfactant layer (1620 and 1644 cm–1). In larger RMs with water content w
0 = [D2O]/[AOT] ≥ 10, only the first two states are observed, whereas in smaller RMs, the population of the third state grows up to 25 % at w
0 = 2. These results indicate the general validity of the two-state core/shell model for the confined aqueous solution of NMA, with small modifications due to the system-dependent solute-interface interaction. However, simulations of small RM systems with w
0 ≤ 15 show continuous variations of the population, frequency shifts, and the solute-solvent interaction strengths at solute-interface distance less than 4 Å. Thus, the distinction of solute core/shell states tends to be blurred in small RMs but is still effective in interpreting the average spectroscopic observables.
Protonation of alkanolamines and cyclic amines in water at temperatures from 293.15 to 373.15 K
Authors: Ballerat-Busserolles Karine , Simond Mickaël R. , Coulier Yohann , Coxam Jean-Yves
Published: March 2014

The protonation properties of amines are of particular interest for the development of thermodynamic models representative of CO2 dissolution in aqueous solutions. This paper reports experimental equilibrium constants of protonation of alkanolamines (2-aminoethanol, 2,2′-iminodiethanol, 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol, 2,2′-(methylimino)diethanol and cyclic amines (morpholine, 4-methylmorpholine, pyridine, 1-methyl-piperidine, 2-methyl-piperidine, 2,6-dimethylpiperidine). The equilibrium constants of protonation were determined by potentiometric technique up to 353.15 K and extrapolated up to 373.15 K using experimental enthalpies of protonation.
Probing “ambivalent” snug-fit sites in the KcsA potassium channel using three-dimensional reference interaction site model (3D-RISM) theory
Authors: Phongphanphanee Saree , Yoshida Norio , Oiki Shigetoshi , Hirata Fumio
Published: March 2014

The potassium channel is highly selective for K+ over Na+, and the mechanism underlying this selectivity remains unclear. We show the three-dimensional distribution functions (3D-DFs) of small cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) and the free energy profile of ions inside the open selectivity filter (SF) of the KcsA channel. Our previous results [S. Phongphanphanee, N. Yoshida, S. Oiki, F. Hirata. Abstract Book of 5th International Symposium on Molecular Science of Fluctuations toward Biological Functions, P062 (2012)] indicate that the 3D-DF for K+ exhibits distinct peaks at the sites formed by the eight carbonyl oxygen atoms belonging to the surrounding peptide-backbone and residues (the cage site). Li+ has sharp distributions in the 3D-DF at the center of a quadruplex composed of four carbonyl oxygen atoms (the plane site). Na+ has a rather diffuse distribution throughout the SF region with peaks both in the plane and in cage sites. The results provide microscopic evidence of the phenomenological findings that Li+ and Na+ are not excluded from the SF region and that the binding affinity alone does not cause the ion selectivity of KcsA. In the present study, with an ion placed explicitly along the pore axis, the free energy profiles of the ions inside the SF were calculated; from these profiles we suggest a new mechanism for selective K+ permeation. According to the model, a K+ ion must overcome a free energy barrier that is approximately half that of Na+ to exit from either of the SF mouths due to the existence of an intermediate local minimum along the route for climbing the barriers.
Perspectives for hybrid ab initio/molecular mechanical simulations of solutions: from complex chemistry to proton-transfer reactions and interfaces
Authors: Hofer Thomas S.
Published: March 2014

As a consequence of the ongoing development of enhanced computational resources, theoretical chemistry has become an increasingly valuable field for the investigation of a variety of chemical systems. Simulations employing a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) technique have been shown to be a particularly promising approach, whenever ultrafast (i.e., picosecond) dynamical properties are to be studied, which are in many cases difficult to access via experimental techniques. Details of the quantum mechanical charge field (QMCF) ansatz, an advanced QM/MM protocol, are discussed and simulation results for various systems ranging from simple ionic hydrates to solvated organic molecules and coordination complexes in solution are presented. A particularly challenging application is the description of proton-transfer reactions in chemical simulations, which is a prerequisite to study acidified and basic systems. The methodical requirements for a combination of the QMCF methodology with a dissociative potential model for the description of the solvent are discussed. Furthermore, the possible extension of QM/MM approaches to solid/liquid interfaces is outlined.
Pd- and Ni-catalyzed C–H arylations using C–O electrophiles
Authors: Kalyani Dipannita
Published: March 2014

This manuscript describes the development of Pd- and Ni-catalyzed arylations of unactivated arene C–H bonds using C–O electrophiles. A method for Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C–H arylation is accomplished using inexpensive and readily available tosylates and mesylates as electrophiles. This transformation is efficient for the synthesis of various heterocyclic motifs including furans, carbazoles, indoles, and lactams. Additionally, a protocol for a one-pot sequential tosylation/arylation of phenol derivatives is presented. The use of earth-abundant and inexpensive Ni catalysts for an intramolecular C–H arylation using aryl pivalates as electrophiles is described. Preliminary mechanistic studies for both the Pd- and Ni-catalyzed arylations are discussed.
Beyond C–H and C–O activation: the evolution of components in cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Chen Kang , Zhang Xi-Sha , Shi Zhang-Jie
Published: March 2014

C–H and C–O bonds are two of the most abundant chemical bonds in nature. Direct application of C–H and C–O bonds to take place of C–X bonds in cross coupling reactions exhibited numerous advantages since the pre-activation and the emission of harmful wastes can be avoided. In this synopsis, a variety of novel transformations related to cross coupling reactions based on direct C–H and C–O activation are described.
3-Acyloxy-1,4-enyne: A new five-carbon synthon for rhodium-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloadditions
Authors: Schienebeck Casi M. , Li Xiaoxun , Shu Xing-zhong , Tang Weiping
Published: March 2014

Seven-membered rings are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceutical agents, and their syntheses continue to stimulate the development of novel synthetic methods. The [5 + 2] cycloaddition is one of the most efficient ways to access seven-membered rings since the two-carbon components (alkenes, alkynes, or allenes) are readily available. Prior to our study, however, there was only one type of transition-metal-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition: the reaction between vinylcyclopropanes and alkenes, alkynes, or allenes. We recently developed a new type of transition-metal-catalyzed [5 + 2] cycloaddition, where the five-carbon building block is 3-acyloxy-1,4-enyne (ACE). Our recent progress on Rh-catalyzed intra- and intermolecular [5 + 2] cycloadditions of ACEs and alkynes is summarized in this article. Using chiral propargylic esters, bicyclic products were prepared in high optical purity by the intramolecular [5 + 2] cycloadditions. Monocyclic seven-membered rings were synthesized by intermolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition of ACEs and alkynes. Kinetic studies indicated that the rate of this intermolecular cycloaddition was significantly accelerated when the acetate was replaced by dimethylaminobenzoate. DFT calculations suggested that novel metallacycles were generated by a Rh-promoted oxidative cycloaddition of 1,4-enynes accompanied by a 1,2-acyloxy migration of propargylic esters.