bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metin görsellerinin gerçek yaşam ile tutarlılık ve görsel tasarım ilkelerine uygunluk açısından incelenmesi
Authors: KAN Mustafa Onur , ERKAN Ömer
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 3. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metin görsellerini gerçek yaşam ile tutarlılık ve görsel tasarım ilkelerine uygunluk açısından incelemektir. Tarama modelinde tasarlanan çalışmada 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında ilkokullarda kullanılan iki yayınevine (MEB Yayınları- SDR İpekyolu Yayınları) ait 3.sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki tüm metin görselleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında verilerin toplanmasında doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmış, elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, her iki yayınevine dair incelenen kitaplardaki görsellerin büyük oranda (MEB Yayınları %74,6, SDR İpekyolu Yayınları %80,1) gerçek yaşam ile tutarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Rengin amaca uygun kullanılması ilkesine MEB Yayınları’na ait tüm görsellerde uyulduğu, SDR İpekyolu Yayınları’na ait görsellerde de büyük oranda (1,9) uyulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, görsel ögelerin mesaj aktarımına katkıda bulunmaları, görsel ögelerin renkli olması, çizginin amaca uygun kullanılması ve rengin amaca uygun kullanılması ilkelerinin her iki yayınevindeki ortalaması 1,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, her iki yayınevine ait görsellerde en düşük ortalamaya ulaşılan ilkenin görsel ögelerde vurgulamanın etkili kullanılması olduğu (MEB Yayınları 0,3, SDR İpekyolu Yayınları 0,4) bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Tarihî Kıpçak Türkçesinde biliş fiilleri üzerine inceleme
Authors: FAKİRULLAHOĞLU Muhammed Ali İsmail
Published: April 2023

Dilin zihinsel süreçlerle ilişkisi, psikoloji, nörobilim gibi çeşitli disiplinlerin yanı sıra son yıllarda dil bilimin de üzerinde durduğu ve çeşitli şekillerde açıklama getirdiği bir kavram olmuştur. İnsanın zihinsel faaliyetlerinin anlamlandırılmasında, düşünce süreçlerinin dışa vurulmasında dil temel araçtır. Bilişsel dil bilimde, zihinsel süreçleri (algı, biliş, duygu) bildiren fiiller için mental fiiller terimi kullanılmaktadır. Literatürde genellikle mental fiiller, (1) algılama (duyu) fiilleri (2) biliş (idrak) fiilleri ve (3) duygu fiilleri olmak üzere üç sınıfa ayrılmaktadır. Biliş fiilleri, mental fiillerin alt grubunda yer alarak “anlamak”, “bilmek”, “düşünmek”, “unutmak”, “hatırlamak”, “öğrenmek”, “problem çözmek”, “karar vermek” gibi zihinsel olarak yapılan düşünce süreçlerini ifade eder. Bu çalışmada, tarihî Kıpçak Türkçesi söz varlığındaki biliş fiilleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmada, tarihî Kıpçak Türkçesi söz varlığının kapsamlı şekilde ele alındığı Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü’nün ve diğer tarihî dönem eserlerinin taranmasıyla (47) biliş fiili tespit edilmiştir. İncelemeye konu olan bu fiiller, ayrıntılı şekilde semantik sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Tarihî-karşılaştırmalı yöntemle ele alınan biliş fiillerinin yapı, anlam ve köken özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Böylelikle, Kıpçak toplumunun düşünce ve zihin dünyasını yansıtan biliş fiillerinin Eski Türkçe döneminden itibaren korunarak önemli bir söz varlığını teşkil ettiği görülmüştür. Kıpçak Türkçesi biliş fiilleri, Eski Türkçenin izinde Karahanlı, Harezm, Çağatay Türkçesiyle karşılaştırılarak bu zengin söz varlığı ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bağlamda, zihinsel süreçle ilişkili olarak geçmişten günümüze Türk topluluklarının sahip oldukları ortak zihin dünyası, tarihî Kıpçak metinlerinden hareketle gözler önüne serilmiştir.
İngiliz-Avustralyalı asker/şair Geoffrey Wall’ın şiirlerinde Gelibolu muharebesi
Authors: CEYHAN AKÇA Nesime
Published: April 2023

Çanakkale Savaşının edebiyata yansımalarında yabancı güçleri temsil eden milletlerin edebî ürünleri Türkiye’de az sayıda çalışma ile ihmal edilmiş bir bilimsel alanı oluşturur. Oysa Çanakkale Savaşları ile ilgili yazılan her edebî ürün aynı zamanda bizi anlatmakta ve milletçe yaşadığımız bu büyük savunma savaşını anlamamızı kolaylaştırmaktadır. Çanakkale Savaşı ile ilgili İngilizce olarak ortaya konulan eserler özellikle savaşın yüzüncü yılından itibaren yavaş yavaş Türk araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmeye başlamıştır: Büyük bir kısmı Çanakkale Savaşına asker olarak katılan İngiliz veya Avustralya kökenli şairlerin yaşamları incelenerek, yazdıkları edebi ürünlerse İngilizceden Türkçeye çevrilip değerlendirilerek harp edebiyatı çalışmalarına katkı sağlanmaktadır. Geoffrey Wall, Birinci Dünya Savaşı esnasında cephe gerisinde bulunmuş ve Çanakkale Savaşları ile ilgili şiir kaleme almış İngiliz kökenli Avustralyalı bir şairdir. Geoffrey Wall, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Gelibolu cephesinde yer almamasına rağmen The Return (Geri Dönüş) isimli şiirinde Gelibolu muharebesine katılan bir Anzak askeri ile bir Türk askerinin sıcak savaş esnasında cephede karşılaşmalarını anlatır. Avustralya’dan Türklerle savaşacakları söylenmeden getirilen Avustralyalı askerlerin bu savaşın neresinde olduklarını sorgulayan şair, aslında birçok İngiliz ve Avustralyalı askerin duygularını aktarmaktadır. Yazının amacı Türk Harp edebiyatı çalışmalarında bahsi geçmeyen, Türklerle savaşmaya gelmiş “yabancı güçler”in edebiyatı ile ilgili bir örneği tanıtmaktır. Makalede Çanakkale Savaşının öteki gözüyle anlatılmasının bir parçası olan Geoffrey Wall’ın hayatı, edebiyatla ilişkisi ve Çanakkale Savaşı ile ilgili kaleme aldığı şiirler tespit edilmiş, İngilizceden Türkçeye çevrilerek analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocuklarının erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ DEMİREL Özlem , YAMAN Atilla
Published: April 2023

Erken okuryazarlık becerileri, doğumla başlayan ve ilkokula kadar devam eden bir süreci kapsamaktadır. Çocuğun çevresinden duyduklarına yönelik geliştirdiği ses şemaları ile kelime dağarcıkları gelişmekte, dile özgü beceriler sosyal çevresinden taklit ve model alma yoluyla kazanılmaktadır. Motor gelişimle birlikte kalem tutma becerileri ve okuma yazmaya yönelik olarak beden duruş pozisyonlarını öğrenme, el-göz koordinasyonun gelişmesi her biri okuma yazma becerileri için ön koşul niteliğindedir. Okul öncesi dönem, çocukların tüm gelişim alanları açısından bütüncül, sistematik ve planlı olarak desteklendiği bir süreçtir. Bu süreçte kazandırılması beklenen beceriler arasında erken okuryazarlık becerileri de yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında 60-72 aylık 23 çocuk ile 45-50 dakikalık bireysel görüşmeler yapılmış, çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerileri kapsamında ses bilgisel farkındalık becerileri, yazı farkındalığı, öykü anlama, görsel eşleştirme ve yazı yazma öncesi becerileri anne ve babaların eğitim ve mesleki durumlarına göre incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda anne ve babaların eğitim mesleki durumlarına göre erken okuryazarlık becerileri açısından anlamlı farklılıklar oluşmazken annelerin eğitim durumlarının yükselmesi ve annelerin öğretmen, babaların da sağlık personeli olması durumlarında çocukların erken okuryazarlık becerilerinin de yükseldiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
XIX. Yüzyıldan Bilinmeyen Bir Şair: Mehmed Na’îm ve Mahsûl-i Ömrüm Adlı Eseri
Authors: HOCAOĞLU ALAGÖZ Kadriye
Published: April 2023

Klasik Türk edebiyatı, XVIII. yüzyılda son büyük temsilcilerini yetiştirmiş ancak sonraki yüzyıllarda da tarih sahnesinden silinmeyip varlığını ve etkisini sürdürmeye devam etmiştir. Bu bağlamda şairlerin yüzyıllardır kullanılan hem dil hem de kültür malzemelerini bir anda terketmemeleri olağandır. XIX. yüzyıl müelliflerinden Mehmed Na’îm, Batı tarzı ile klasik Türk şiirini birleştiren isimlerden biridir. Şairin hayatı ve edebî kişiliği hakkında kaynaklarda herhangi bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Mehmed Na’îm’in günümüze ulaşan tek eseri, 1304/1886-87 tarihinde Bursa’da Ferâizcizâde Matbaası’nda basılan Mahsûl-i Ömrüm’dür. Makalede söz konusu eserin Latin harflerine aktarımı yapılarak XIX. yüzyıl şairlerinden biri olan Mehmed Na’îm ve edebî kişiliği ile ilgili bilgilerin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır.
XX. Yüzyıl Başlarında Selanik Bulgarları
Authors: HACI Sadık , ÇOLAKER Veysel
Published: April 2023

M.Ö. 315 yılında kuruluşundan itibaren Selanik tarih boyunca bulunduğu coğrafi konum, sahip olduğu liman ve ekonomik potansiyeli nedeniyle sürekli gelişmiş ve önemini daima korumuştur. Buna bağlı olarak tarihi süreçte birçok kavim Selanik’e hâkim olmaya çalışmıştır. Roma İmparatorluğunun ikiye ayrılmasından sonra Doğu Roma’nın (Bizans) yönetimi altında kalan Selanik, birkaç yüz yıl içerisinde Bizans’ın zayıflamasına paralel olarak Balkan kavimlerinin sahip olmak için mücadele verdiği bir şehir olmuştur. Latinler, Grekler, Türkler, Sırp ve Ulahlar yanında Bulgarlar da bu kavimlerden biri olmuştur. Bulgarlar IX. yüzyıldan itibaren Makedonya coğrafyasının merkezi olarak gördükleri Selanik’i ele geçirmeye çalışmışlar, IX. yüzyılda bir süreliğine egemenlikleri altına almışlardır. Bu olay XIX. yüzyılda güçlenen Bulgar milliyetçiliğinde Makedonya’nın ve doğal olarak Selanik’in Bulgaristan’a ait olduğu tezinin öne sürülmesinin nedeni olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti hâkimiyeti döneminde XIX. yüzyıl sonlarına kadar nüfusları artan Selanik Bulgarları, Bulgar Eksarhlığı’nın kurulması ile Rum Patrikhanesi’nden ayrılmış, başlarında Ruhani Reislerinin bulunduğu cemaat meclislerini kurarak Bulgar milli davası doğrultusunda çalışmaya başlamışlardır. Bu süreçte Selanik’te açtıkları eğitim kurumlarını, dini kurumları, cemiyet, kulüp gibi sosyal kurumları Bulgar milliyetçiliği doğrultusunda yapılandırmışlardır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin çöküş sürecinde Selanik Bulgarları, Selanik Vilayetinin bütün Makedonya toprakları ile Bulgaristan’a bağlanması amacı doğrultusunda şehirdeki Rumlara karşı silahlı dâhil, her türlü mücadeleyi vermişlerdir. I. Balkan Savaşı’nda Yunanistan ile ortak hareket eden Bulgar ordusunun Selanik’e girişi her ne kadar Bulgarları mutlu etmişse de kısa süre içerisinde Yunan askeri ile şehirde yaşanan çatışmalar sonucunda Bulgar ordusunun şehirden ayrılması Selanik Bulgarlarının kaderini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ortodoks ve Katolik Bulgarlar bir bütün olarak I. Dünya Savaşı sonuna kadar Yunanlılar tarafından kurumları ile şehirden çıkarılmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, XX. yüzyıl başlarında Selanik’te yaşayan Ortodoks ve Katolik mezhebine mensup Bulgarların diğer milletler karşısında şehirdeki durumlarını, Bulgar milliyetçiliğinin Selanik’e yansımalarını, Bulgarların sosyal, dini ve eğitim kurumlarını ortaya koymaktır.
بیگانگی در جامعه شناسی: مورد رمان «همو فابر» اثر ماکس فریش
Authors: DEMİRDAĞ Muhammet Fatih
Published: April 2023

مشخص است که صنعتی شدن و جنگ های جهانی متعاقب آن اثرات منفی بر افراد دارد. در آغاز این تأثیرات، بیگانگی فرد ابتدا با خود و سپس با محیط خود است. بیگانگی که در قرن نوزدهم همه فضاهای زندگی انسان را در بر گرفت، مفهومی است که بیانگر احساس جدایی از محیط طبیعی و اجتماعی، کار، کار یا خود است. در جامعه شناسی اگرچه از خود بیگانگی با عباراتی مانند جدایی افراد از وطن و خدا استفاده می شود، اما مفهوم مفهوم در دوره معاصر، بیگانگی فرد از خود است. در این پژوهش به مفهوم بیگانگی از منظر جامعه شناختی و پدیده بیگانگی در اثر «همو فابر» اثر ماکس فریش، نویسنده مهم ادبیات سوئیسی از مجموعه ادبیات جهان پرداخته شده است. «همو فابر» یکی از آثار مهم ماکس فریش که در پژوهش به آن پرداختیم، بیانگر بیگانگی فرد از خود، جامعه و محیط اجتماعی است. به عبارت دیگر، انسان معاصر بیگانه با ذات خود در راستای تحولات تکنولوژی، موضوع اصلی رمان است.
Arap dilinde edebî bir tür olarak risâle geleneği: el-Hârizmî’nin Rasâil adlı eseri çerçevesinde bir inceleme
Authors: GÜMÜŞSOY Abdullah
Published: April 2023

Ebû Bekir el-Hârizmî (ö. 383/993) IV/X. yüzyılda Abbâsîler döneminde yaşamış önemli bir Arap edibi ve şairidir. Arap Edebiyatı’na dair şiir, nesir ve halk arasında yaygınlaşan özdeyişleri cem ettiği emsâl (meseller) gibi çeşitli edebî türlerde eserleri vardır. Arap şiiri konusundaki yetkinliği, Dîvân sahibi bir şair olmasının yanı sıra el-Hârizmî’nin asıl şöhreti, seci esasına dayalı sanatlı nesir türünde yazılmış risâlelerine dayanmaktadır. Emevîler döneminde doğup gelişmeye başladığı, Abbâsîler döneminde gelişerek zirve noktaya ulaştığı kabul edilen söz konusu bu üslûbun en önemli temsilcilerinden biri de Ebû Bekr el-Hârizmî’dir. Bu araştırmada Arap Edebiyatı’nda önemli bir yeri olan risâle geleneğinin doğuşu ve gelişimi süreci bağlamında Ebû Bekir el-Hârizmî’nin ilmî kişiliğinin yanı sıra “Rasâilu’l-Hâvârizmî” adlı eseri ele alınmıştır. Makale üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Arap Edebiyatı’nda önemli bir yeri olan risâle kavramı ve edebî bir tür olarak risâle geleneğinin doğuşu, gelişim süreci, birinci bölümde ise Ebû Bekir el-Hârizmî’nin hayatı, ilmî kişiliği ve eserleri hakkında özet bilgiler sunulacaktır. İkinci ve son bölümde ise el-Hârizmî’nin “Rasâilu’l-Hâvârizmî” adlı eserinden sayıları 150’yi geçen, arkadaşlarına, devlet adamlarına, öğrencilerine, döneminin edip ve şairlerine çeşitli konularda yazdığı, aynı zamanda el-Hârizmî’nin dilini, üslûbunu, çeşitli konulardaki duygu ve düşüncelerini yansıtan, dönemin sosyo-kültürel durumu hakkında önemli bilgiler sunan mektuplarından örnekler eşliğinde söz konusu eserin içeriği, ilmî değeri ve Arap Dili ve Edebiyatına özellikle bu alanda sağladığı katkıları incelenecektir.
The serial novel as an object of research in translation history: Methodological implications for historiography of translation
Authors: ARSLAN Devrim Ulaş , IŞIKLAR KOÇAK Müge , ERKUL YAĞCI Ahu Selin
Published: April 2023

Despite their incontestable worldwide influence on culture and literature in the 19th and 20th centuries, serial novels are underrepresented in translation history research. This paper calls attention to serial novels as a fertile source of historical knowledge regarding translation, reception, and circulation drawing from a comprehensive study of translated and indigenous serial novels in three Turkish daily newspapers, namely Cumhuriyet, Akşam, and Vakit, published between 1928 and 1960. Based on this premise, the aim of the paper is twofold. The first is to display some common characteristics of serial novels, such as plasticity, anonymity, topicality, and ephemerality, along with the substantial impact these characteristics made on the way translations were performed in history. The second is to problematize the neglect of serial novels in translation historiography and suggest their inclusion in translation history research. The paper argues that serial novels and, when available, other serial publications are crucial primary sources for many sub-fields of historical research related to translation to the extent that their exclusion inevitably leads to gaps and, in some cases, even misrepresentations of historical reality. In order to abstain from such historiographical drawbacks, researchers of translation history, especially those focusing on retranslation, reception, and circulation of literary works, need to pay due heed to the practice of serialization.
Enchanted recovery. Preoperative preparation and prehabilitation.
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vorobev V.A. ,   Irkutsk, Russia, Beloborodov V.A. ,   Department of General Surgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Irkutsk, Russia, Tukhiev A.R. ,   Department of General Surgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Irkutsk, Russia
Published: April 2023

Fast Track surgery (FTS), as well as ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery/rapid recovery after surgery programs) or ERP (enhanced recovery program, in russian) is a multimodal and multidisciplinary treatment strategy designed to reduce the duration of disability and improve the quality of medical care. This program includes preparation at the preoperative stage, the use of minimally invasive techniques for performing surgical intervention and active management of the postoperative period to reduce the duration of inpatient treatment, rehabilitation time and the fastest possible return of patients to normal life. In the context of this review, the features of preparation and prehabilitation at the preoperative stage of the enhanced recovery program are considered. The main elements of the strategy are reviewed: correction of eating disorders, carbohydrate loading, preoperative education and problems of multidisciplinary interaction, sarcopenia, lifestyle changes, pharmacogenomics, correction of anemia and preoperative bowels preparation. Prehabilitation and preoperative preparation together help make the patient for surgery and subsequent recovery. The main elements of training are patient and staff training, multidisciplinary interaction, correction of concomitant somatic disorders and diseases, nutrition optimization and lifestyle changes.
ARRITMIAS NO PACIENTE ADULTO COMCARDIOPATIA CONGÊNITA
Authors:   Incor HCFMUSP, Braga Andalaft Rogério ,   Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Cardíacas - SOBRAC,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein,   Hospital São Luiz Rede D’Or,   Central Brasileira de Aprimoramento Médico -  GEP CBRAM, Pereira Valdigem Bruno ,   Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Cardíacas - SOBRAC,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein,   Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP,   Departamento de Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial - ABEC-DECA, Hinkelmann Berbert Gabriela ,   Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Cardíacas - SOBRAC,   Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia,   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein,   Departamento de Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial - ABEC-DECA,   Hospital Nove de Julho
Published: April 2023

As cardiopatias congênitas do adulto têm os eventos arrítmicos como principal comorbidade associada na fase pós operatória. Estes variam de acordo com a cardiopatia, cirurgia realizada, evolução natural da doença e defeitos residuais. Compreender os eventos arrítmicos, a triagem clínica e as abordagens terapêuticas auxilia o profissional de saúde a definir o melhor caminho para cada paciente. Desta forma, é na interface cardiologia, cardiologia pediátrica e eletrofisiologia que o atendimento desses pacientes encontra maior dificuldade. O atendimento multidisciplinar permite aumentar as possibilidades de sucesso no tratamento. Este artigo aborda as principais arritmias e sua abordagem terapêutica direcionada ao paciente adulto com cardiopatia congênita
Prevalence of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) in urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Bakir Wasan A.
Published: April 2023

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular matrix degrading proteinases are involved in tumor invasion, metastasis as well as in the early stages of carcinogenesis,the aim of this study was to explore whether changes in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are involved in the urinary bladder cancer. Methods: Expression of MMP-9 was evaluated in the tumor of 30 urinary bladder cancer cases and 20 control group with in situ hybridization. Results: Increased expression of MMP-9 was significantly higher in tumor compared with normal samples. Expression of MMP-9 did not found any significant association with tumor age, sex, grade and muscle invasion. Conclusion: This study shows that MMP-9 may play an essential role in the determination of bladder cancer
17β-estradiol residue determined in minced meat and it’s Carcinogencity in mice
Authors: Yaseen Nahi Y.
Published: April 2023

The main objective of this research to study carcinogenic effects of 17β-estradiol in mice by studying on haematological parameters (Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC and DWBC), mitotic index and histopathological changes of ovary, uterus and mammary gland. The following results which obtained from the current research: The effects of 17β-estradiol for six months on blood picture had no-significant differences on the blood haemoglobin (Hb) (11.55 and 11.69 gm/dl), total number of red blood cells (RBC) counts in the peripheral blood. RBC counts were 7.48 and 6.98 × 106/mm3 for the two groups respectively. Basophiles percent (3.40 and 3.54%) also (8.68 and 8.09%) for Monocytes percent for the two experimental groups respectively. Significant decrease (P˂0.05) in PCV% were noticed between the control and treated group (37.40and 31.28 %) respectively, and Lymphocyte percent (49.00 and 46.03%). Also significant increases (P˂0.05) were observed in the WBC count between the control and the second group (7.05 and 9.43 109/l), and the Neutrophil percent (35.52 and 37.35%) respectively, also significant increases (P˂0.05) in the Eosinophil percent (3.40 and 4.99 %) respectively. The results of carcinogenic effects on cytogenic study showed a significant increase (P˂ 0.05) in mitotic index for mice treated with17β-estradiol in comparison to control group. While the histopathological changes, in ovary: In mice treated with 17β-estradiol revealed immature development of follicles that primordail and primary follicles can be detect while secondary follicle was noted without ova and no griffin follicle can be seen. The histopathological study of uterus: In mice treated with 17β-estradiol showed dilatation of endometrial glands with hyperplasia of epithelial cells lining uterus and there is compact hypercellular stroma. While the histopathological changes, in mammary gland: The mammary gland of treated mice with 17-β estradiol showed pleomorphic hyperchromatic malignant cells in addition somewhere arranged as glandular structure, but the gross appearance of mammary gland adenocarinoma gives enlargement with irregular shape.
Neutrophils phagocytic function in chronic myelogenous leukemia after imatinib mesylate therapy
Authors: Ahmed Abeer Anwer
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Chronic myelogenous leukemia)CML) is a pluripotential stem cell disease defined by the consistent presence of Philadelphia(Ph1) chromosome, in more than 95% of patients. In chronic phase of CML the Functional abnormalities of neutrophils are mild, this functional abnormality possibly because these neutrophils produced from abnormal stem cell. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction test a semiquantitative method that test the defects related to oxidative burst and superoxide generation. The aims of the study: To evaluate the phagocytic function of neutrophils by NBT test in normal control and compare it to that of CML patients after imatinib mesylate therapy, to correlate between the absolute number of neutrophils and the percentage of NBT positive neutrophils in CML patients after imatinib mesylate and to find out if there is any correlation between the percentage of NBT positive neutrophils and the percentage of (Ph1) positive cells. Patients, material and methods: Fifty CML patients were included in this study all of them were on imatinib mesylate therapy. Group 1: thirty six patients were not in complete cytogenetic remission .Group 2: fourteen patients were in complete cytogenetic remission .Control group: Thirty apparantly healthy, medication free volunteers matched for age and sex. The Nitro blue tetrazolium dye reduction test was performed by slide method, blood film and complete blood count were also performed . Results: The patient ages were ranged from 15 to 77 years with mean age of 45.3 ± 14.9, with male to female ratio of 1.43:1. The NBT percentages in control group were ranged from 3 to 9 with mean percentage of 5.8 ±1.6, in group 1 patients were ranged from 0 to4 with mean percentage of 1.28±1.2, while in group 2 were ranged from3 to 6 with mean percentage of 4.46±1.There was a significant difference between the control group and group 1 patient (p=0.000) while there was no significant deference between control group and group 2 patients (p=0.06).There was no significant correlation between the absolute neutrophils count and the percentage of NBT positive neutrophils in both groups of patients (1and 2) with p value of 0.23 and 0.1 respectively. In 26 patients the results of FIHS showed different percentage of cells positive for (ph1) chromosome ranged from 4 to 90 % with average of 48.3% and there was a significant inverse correlation between the percentage of NBT positive neutrophils and the percentage of cells containing (Ph1) chromosome at the 0.01 level (Pearson Correlation =-0.769) In conclusion: the neutrophils function in CML patients after therapy varies according to (Ph1) chromosome conversion and complete cytogenetic remission is associated with normal neutrophils function while the presence of Ph1 chromosome positive cells associated with defective neutrophils phagocytic activity
Cytotoxicity of purified methionine γ- lyase produced by Pseudomonas putida on several cell lines
Authors: Odaa Nisreen H.
Published: April 2023

Many human malignant cell lines and primary tumours have absolute requirements for L-methionine (1). Under normal circumstances methionine comes from dietary proteins, most normal tissues can also synthesize methionine from either homocysteine or methylthioadenosine (2). Upon L-methionine depletion, L-methionine-dependent cancer cells are not able to divide and became arrested in the late S/ G2 phase of the cell cycle (3).Methionine cleaving enzyme (methionine γ- lyase) has been found to be an effective antitumour agent in vitro as well as in vivo (4). Methionine γ- lyase is a pyridoxal 5-phosphate dependent enzyme that catalyzes the α, γ- elimination of L-methionine to α-ketobutyrate, methanethiol and ammonia (5). Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line at passage 65, AhmedMohammed-Nahi-2003(AMN3) cell line at passage 180, AMGM (Ahmed – Majeed-Glioblastoma-Multiform) cell line at passage 65 and normal Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF) cell line at passage 56, kindly provided by Iraqi center for cancer and medical genetics research (ICCMGR) were cultured in PRMI 1640 medium supplement with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum and incubated at 37 ºC with 5% CO2. Examination of cytotoxicity of methionine γ- lyase Cytotoxicity was determined with the crystal violet stain as previously described (7). In briefly , 1x105 cell/ml was seeded onto 96-well culture plates in 200 µl RPMI 1640 medium and incubated until the cell reached confluent monolayer(vary according to the kind of cell-line). After incubation period the medium was removed and 200 μl of various concentrations (1000, 500,250 and 125 μg/ml) from methionine γ- lyase were added to the plate by using 3- well replicates for each concentration. The plates were incubated at 37ºC for 96 hr. The control (cancer cell lines without treatment with enzyme) (3-well replicates) was treated with 200 μl of serum free medium and incubated at 37ºC for 96 hr. At the end of incubation period, the enzyme and medium was removed from plate and washed with PBS to remove unattached (dead) cells. Two hundred μl of crystal violet was added to each well and left for 20 min at 37ºC.The stain was removed by washing with tap water several times, and the plates were left to dry. After drying, each plate was read by using ELISA microplate spectrophotometer at 492nm wave length. The percentages of Inhibitory Rate (IR %) were estimated (8).
Effect of Chemotherapy upon Lifestyle for Patients with Pulmonary Carcinoma
Authors: Abbas Ali D.
Published: April 2023

Objective(s): The study objectives are to determine the effect of chemotherapy upon lifestyle for patients with pulmonary carcinoma and to identify the association between the effect of chemotherapy upon lifestyle for patients and their demographic characteristics including (age, gender, housing, marital status, educational level, occupation and income). Methodology: Quantitative design (a descriptive study). The study was conducted at the Medical City/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital; Al-Kadhimiyia Teaching Hospital, and Radiation and Nuclear Medicine Hospital in Baghdad. Starting from 1st Dec. 2011 up to the 5th Feb. 2012. To achieve the objectives of the study, a non-probability (purposive) sample of (50) patients who were reviewed the hospitals above to receive chemotherapy to treat their disease and according to special criteria. Data were collected by self-reporting by patients with lung cancer. Instrument validity was determined through content validity, by a panel of experts. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of Pearson correlation coefficient for the testretest approach, which was (0.80). Analysis of data was performed through the application of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean of score) and inferential statistics (Chi-square (x2) test). Results: The results of the study indicated that most of patients with pulmonary carcinoma have side effects of chemotherapy related to the physical, psychological, personal and social, and spiritual and religious beliefs aspects. Through the increase significant of items related to side effects during assessment of these items and there is no significant association between the effect of chemotherapy upon lifestyle for patients and gender, housing, occupation and income. While there is significant relationship between the effect of chemotherapy upon lifestyle for patients and age, marital status, and educational level. Conclusion: The researcher can conclude that most of patients with pulmonary carcinoma have side effects of chemotherapy related to the physical, psychological, personal and social, and spiritual and religious beliefs aspects. Recommendations: The study recommend the need to Make quality information more available to assist patients in making informed decisions about change life style after treatment with chemotherapy.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase -2 in Breast cancer
Authors: Ismail Noor H.
Published: April 2023

Formalin-fixed , paraffin embedded blocks tissue for thirty one breast cancer patients were obtained from the archive of the Pathology laboratory of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from January 2011 to July 2012 . In addition Formalin-fixed , paraffin embedded blocks tissue for ten fibroadenoma of breast were collected and used as control group . These blocks were subjected to cut as serial thin sections of (4μm) thickness and were sticked on positive charge slides to be used for in situ hybridization for the detection of matrix metalloproteinase -2 in breast cancer (MMP-2) . Overexpression of MMP-2 was detected in 90.3% (28 out of 31) of breast cancer samples (> 50% of the cells appearing as positive) . The remaining 3 samples (9.7%) showed a weak- moderately expression (< 50% of the cells appearing as positive) . The statistical analysis demonstrated a highly significant differences in MMP-2 expression among patients with breast cancer when compared with fibroadenoma of breast patients (control group) . In conclusion MMP-2 plays an important role in pathpgensis of breast cancer and supports the evidence of its role in evolution , progression and cell survival of breast cancer .
ANALYTICAL ASPECT OF THE INVESTMENT SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pravdiuk Natalia
Published: April 2023

In the article was analyzed the current state and outlines the trends in investment support for agriculture in Ukraine, highlights the problematic aspects of investment activity in the current economic realities, provides possible ways to minimize the impact of existing problems, and determines the prospects for further attraction and use of investment resources by business entities. It has been established that domestic agriculture is a promising area of investment and requires an increase in production potential, given the aggravation of food security and the growing demand of the population for food. In particular, the conducted analytical studies indicate a trend towards a constant increase in the volume of funds invested in the development of agriculture, and the growth rate of capital investment in the domestic agricultural sector exceeded similar indicators in the construction and industry sectors. It has been determined that the lion's share of the investment support for agriculture was formed at the expense of the own funds of enterprises and organizations, credit funds and external sources of financing, and the level of attraction of budgetary resources to finance investment processes remained insignificant, which may indicate insufficient state support for agricultural producers. small business projects. It has been established that the growth in the volume of capital investment and foreign direct investment in agriculture occurred against the background of a significant increase in its contribution to the formation of the gross domestic product of Ukraine with a relatively small change in the gross value added generated by the agricultural sector. It is substantiated that the strategic direction of the development of agriculture should be to increase the degree of processing of raw materials, the production of products with high added value for the maximum realization of the export potential of Ukraine. To overcome the most important problems of agriculture in the conditions of the war and the post-war period, a number of measures are given, the implementation of which is possible if significant investment resources are attracted to the agricultural sector and coordinated interactions between state authorities, local self-government, representatives of agribusiness and society.
Inquiring Natural Language Processing Capabilities on Robotic Systems through Virtual Assistants: A Systemic Approach
Authors: Giachos Ioannis , Papakitsos Evangelos C. , Savvidis Petros , Laskaris Nikolaos
Published: April 2023

This paper attempts to approach the interface of a robot from the perspective of virtual assistants. Virtual assistants can also be characterized as the mind of a robot, since they manage communication and action with the rest of the world they exist in. Therefore, virtual assistants can also be described as the brain of a robot and they include a Natural Language Processing (NLP) module for conducting communication in their human-robot interface. This work is focused on inquiring and enhancing the capabilities of this module. The problem is that nothing much is revealed about the nature of the human-robot interface of commercial virtual assistants. Therefore, any new attempt of developing such a capability has to start from scratch. Accordingly, to include corresponding capabilities to a developing NLP system of a virtual assistant, a method of systemic semantic modelling is proposed and applied. For this purpose, the paper briefly reviews the evolution of virtual assistants from the first assistant, in the form of a game, to the latest assistant that has significantly elevated their standards. Then there is a reference to the evolution of their services and their continued offerings, as well as future expectations. The paper presents their structure and the technologies used, according to the data provided by the development companies to the public, while an attempt is made to classify virtual assistants, based on their characteristics and capabilities. Consequently, a robotic NLP interface is being developed, based on the communicative power of a proposed systemic conceptual model that may enhance the NLP capabilities of virtual assistants, being tested through a small natural language dictionary in Greek.
Laboratory Life: Twenty Years of Experimental Research with Locals and New Comers in Remote Rural Areas
Authors: Paniagua Angel
Published: April 2023

Through the Latour concept of philosophy of science of laboratory life, the life course of a (geo) ethnographer researcher is analyzed, in order to establish the emotional or more personal dimensions that do not usually appear in research papers, but that have notable relevance in qualitative research. The text is structured in three large parts: A conceptual vision of the new experimental geography; the experimental geo-ethnography in old social, new social and place scenarios; and finally, the most personal and emotional dimension of the research. The first part establishes the geo-ethnographic experimental context and the assumptions in fieldwork, in addition to the geo-ethnographic reconciliation process. In the second part, the main qualitative research problems related to mobility, resistance and dynamics in place are established. Finally, in the third part the research perceptions, the personal experiences, and the emotional dimension of the research in remote rural areas are established. The laboratory life of a researcher, allows one to establish scalar conclusions and rigor in qualitative research.
Modeling the Impact of Testing Mode on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Sarsam Saad Issa
Published: April 2023

The variations in the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete due to testing mode is assessed and modeled in the present investigation. Asphalt concrete mixture was prepared at its optimum binder requirement and compacted in slab mold with the aid of roller compaction. Beam specimens of 62 mm width, 400 mm length, and 56 mm depth were extracted from the slab samples and tested using controlled stress and strain techniques under dynamic flexural stresses. The viscoelastic properties such as the cumulative dissipated energy, phase angle, flexural stiffness, micro strain, and permanent deformation were monitored and modeled among the two testing techniques. It was observed that higher permanent deformation and micro strain are detected when the test was conducted under constant strain mode. However, higher phase angle, flexural stiffness, and energy dissipation could be observed under constant stress mode of test.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of cookies produced from malted sorghum and cassava grate composite flour blends
Authors: Patricia Omonegho Adejumo  , Adegbola Ojo Adejumo  , Funmilola Olutoyin Olukoya  , Evelyn Oyeribhor  , Chioma Anagor
Published: April 2023

Malted sorghum - cassava flour was formulated into blends to produce cookies. Sorghum grains were sorted, washed, steeped (12 hours), malted (48 hours) and oven dried. Freshly harvested cassava roots were manually peeled, washed, grated and dried (using hybrid solar dryer at 50 oC). The dried malted sorghum grains and cassava were processed into flour and sieved. The blends were prepared by homogenously mixing malted sorghum flour and high quality cassava grate flour in varied proportion labelled as sample A (100 % Malted Sorghum Flour) Sample B (60 % Malted Sorghum Flour and 30 % Cassava Flour), sample C (70 % Malted Sorghum Flour and 30 % Cassava Flour) and Sample D (80 % Malted Sorghum Flour and 20 % Cassava Flour) separately prepared into cookies and subjected to proximate, mineral, anti-nutrients, physical and sensory analysis using standard analytical methods with chemicals of analytical grade. The result for moisture, Ash, Fat, Fibre, Protein, Carbohydrate and energy content for samples A, B, C and D respectively ranged from 3.11 % - 6.81 %; 1.41 % - 1.52 %; 21.66 % - 23.41 %; 2.20 % - 2.67 %; 4.41 % - 7.26 %; 60.86 % - 63.85 % 473.09 Kcal - 478.82 Kcal. The mineral result for sodium, potassium and calcium 15.06 mg/100 g, 12.70 mg/100 g, 14.40 mg/100 g and 17.00 mg/100 g; 24.70 mg/100 g, 28.17 mg/100 g, 21.60 mg/100 g and 25.17 mg/100 g; 11.30 mg/100 g, 13.10 mg/100 g, 10.09 mg/100 g and 10.09 mg/100 g respectively. The result recorded for colour ranged from 6.20 - 7.40; aroma was 6.30 - 7.30; taste ranged from 6.10 - 7.20; texture ranged from 5.60 - 5.90 and overall acceptability ranged from 5.70 - 6.50. It can be concluded that combination of Malted Sorghum and Cassava Flour in cookies production will help to enhance the utilization of both crops, nutritional intake, increase variety and reduce wheat importation.
Immuno-compatibility assessment of phytal-proteins of Zingiber zerumbet and serum gamma globulins of rheumatoid arthritis disease subjects
Authors: Rupal Hemantkumar Desai  , Jayaprada Rao Chunduri
Published: April 2023

Phytal proteins are of great importance as they exhibit unique characteristics as immune modulators. Zingiber zerumbet family plants are used in various ways, including as food, beverages, and ornaments. The metabolites and extracts of these plants indicated an anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory therapeutic characteristics features. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune condition that causes joint inflammation and malformations. The up- and down-regulation of certain rheumatoid arthritis proteins result in serious side effects. Ayurveda and other naturopathy treatments offer relief to a certain extent, while other pharmaceutical therapy is topical and temporary. The current study is aimed to comprehend the interaction of gamma-globulin proteins of RA patients with phytal proteins from leaves of the Zingiber zerumbet plant. The immunoassays, and MS orbitrap studies revealed the binding pattern and composition of the proteins. The protein- protein docking studies supported the method of binding pattern and these phytal proteins can be considered in the future for therapeutical or diagnostic purposes.
A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding health hazards of the junk food among students in selected school of Himachal Pradesh 2019-21
Authors: Deeksha Sharma  , Pallavi Pathania  , Manisha Kumari
Published: April 2023

Junk food consumption worldwide is increasing day by day which is not good for the future. Junk food is very harmful that is slowly eating away the health of the present generation.The aim of study was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding health hazards of the junk food among students in selected school of Himachal Pradesh. Quantitative research approach and non-randomized control group pre-test post-test design was used for the present study. Non -probability Convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was 100 i.e.50 for experimental group and 50 for control group. In experimental group comparison within group, mean post-test knowledge score was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score as evident from paired t value 19.66 and mean post-test attitude score was significantly higher than the mean pre-test attitude score as evident from paired t value 21.67. Comparison between experimental group mean post-test knowledge score was significantly higher than mean post-test knowledge score of control group as evident from Unpaired t value 12.39 and mean post-test attitude score was significantly higher than mean post-test attitude score of control group as evident from Unpaired t value 9.71 which was significant at 0.05 level of significance. Positive correlation was found between pre-test knowledge and post-knowledge r=0.46, post-test knowledge and pre-test attitude r=0.43, post-test knowledge and post-test attitude r=0.474, pre-test attitude and post-test attitude r=0.86 experimental group and control group positive correlation was found between pre-test knowledge and post-knowledge r=0.97, pre-test attitude and post-test attitude r=0.98 which was significant at 0.05 level of significance. Association of knowledge score and attitude score regarding health hazards of junk food among students with selected demographic variable in experimental and control group was not statistically significant. The study concluded that structured teaching Programme was effective to increase the knowledge and change the attitude regarding health hazards of junk food.
Hard to see: Systemic lupus erythematous presenting as cranial nerve six palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Yema Jalal  , Elizabeth Benge  , Gundip Dhillon  , Sukhjinder Chahuan  , Andrew Kim  , Andy He  , Aaron Singh  , Pinak Shah
Published: April 2023

Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and can have a wide variety of symptomatic presentations. One rare presenting symptom is oculomotor nerve dysfunction, the following case report is of a 41-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension and asthma, who was admitted for ocular dysfunction. On physical examination, the patient had an ocular palsy, but the rest of the neurological exam was unremarkable. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) scan head without contrast, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the head and neck revealed no acute pathology. After a neurological etiology was excluded an autoimmune diagnosis was pursued. Lab results were positive for Anti-Smith, ANA, and Anti-DsDNA. The patient also at this time was also diagnosed with an acute kidney injury and a kidney biopsy that was done later revealed focal lupus nephritis. After starting immunosuppressive therapy, her symptoms improved.
Sahacharadi Yapan Basti a silver bullet in ayurvedic management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy- a case study
Authors: Sachinkumar Sahebrao Patil  , Madhavi Vilasrao Malusare
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is a nerve damaging disorder mainly associated with Type-1 and Type-2 DM. These conditions are result from Diabetic Microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves. Here we present a case study which was successfully managed with Ayurvedic medications and Panchakarma therapy. Material and Methods: A 64 years old Male patient suffering from DPN was managed with Panchakarma therapy and oral Ayurvedic medications. Bala-Ksheer Shalishashtik Pinda Sweda for 30 days Sahacharadi Yapan Basti were given total 3 sittings of Basti of 8 days with 10 days of resting period after every sitting. Oral Ayurvedic Medications like Suvarna Malini Vasant 125mg were administered once daily with Goghrita, Panchamrut Loha Guggulu 500mg thrice in a day etc. These oral medicines continued for 2 months. Result: By using Modified Neuropathy Disability Score and Grading for Neuropathy were assessed and it shows good improvement. Before treatment patient was suffered from severe peripheral neuropathy which was changed to mild neuropathy after 2 months’ treatment. Conclusion- Study result indicates that Panchakarma and Ayurvedic drugs may play a major role in the management of DPN.
An Ayurvedic management of the Sickle Cell Anaemia: A Case Study
Authors: Sachinkumar Sahebrao Patil  , Mukul Shamrao Pawar
Published: April 2023

Sickle Cell Anaemia is a genetic disease-causing high morbidity and mortality. Quality of life hampers due to its chronic nature and painful crisis. Permanent cure is not possible till now, except successful bone marrow transplantation. Considering symptomatology and nature of disease, it can be correlated with Pandu Vyadhi, under the heading of Adibala Pavrutta Vyadhi. The chronicity indicates Asadhya nature of the disease. If some medication improves the quality of life and maintain the health of SCA patient, then such medications and efforts may become helpful to serve the society. A 22-year-old male patient diagnosed to besuffering with sickle Cell Anaemia with symptoms of severe pain in hip joints, knee joints body ache, weakness, anorexia, and weight loss came to the OPD, department of Kayachikita at Sane Guruji Arogya Kendra, Hadapsar, Pune. Mother and father are sickle Cell trait (HbAS). They are the residents of Northern Maharashtra lives in Pune for 8 years. Patient has tried modern medicine but no relief in pain crisis. So, they came here and treated with Ayurvedic medications for 6 months, during which he had not experienced any pain crises. Weight is improved from 47 kg to 53 kg. Patient is now playing outdoor games without any sickle Cell crisis. So, this case study is intended to study the pathophysiology and management of sickle Cell Anaemia from Ayurvedic perspective and to explore the probable mode of action of ayurvedic medications that are used in Sickle-Cell Disease (SCD).