bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E‐health literacy in stroke patients: Latent profile analysis and influencing factors
Authors: Xue Menghan , Wang Qian , Wang Jiajia , Ge Song , Zhang Zhenxiang , Mei Yongxia
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study sought to explore latent categories of electronic health (e‐health) literacy among stroke patients and analyse its influencing factors.

Design

A cross‐sectional, descriptive exploratory design with the STROBE reporting checklist was applied.

Methods

Between July and October 2020, 558 stroke participants from three tertiary care hospitals in Henan Province, China, were recruited using a convenience sampling method. A general information questionnaire and the Electronic Health Literacy Scale were used to collect their socio‐demographic information and e‐health literacy. Latent profile analysis was used to analyse latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse factors influencing latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients.

Results

Three latent categories of e‐health literacy existed, including the low e‐health literacy group, the low application‐high decision‐making group and the high literacy‐low decision‐making group. Multiple logistic regression showed that education level, presence of comorbidities, willingness to interact with people with mental illness, health information sources, frequency of Internet access, frequency of health information inquiry and willingness to receive remote care were predictors of the participants' latent categories of e‐health literacy.

Conclusion

Three latent categories of e‐health literacy in stroke patients exist, and each latent category's characteristics should be considered while developing health education programmes. It is imperative that healthcare providers understand the requirement of creating tailored and efficient health education programmes for various categories of stroke patients to enhance their e‐health literacy.

Impact

It is imperative to improve Chinese stroke patients' overall e‐health literacy. We categorized stroke patients' e‐health literacy using advanced LPA. These findings hold implications for healthcare approaches, contributing to the enhancement of stroke patients' e‐health literacy, enabling them to apply the acquired e‐health information to manage and solve their own health issues.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Identification of two key biomarkers CD93 and FGL2 associated with survival of acute myeloid leukaemia by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Han Haijun , Liu Jie , Zhu Shengyu , Zhao Tiejun
Published: July 2024

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous haematological malignancy. This study was performed to identify the potential biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment of AML. We applied weighted gene co‐expression network analysis to identify key modules and hub genes related to the prognosis of AML using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In total, 1581 differentially expressed genes (1096 upregulated and 485 downregulated) were identified between AML patients and healthy controls, with the blue module being the most significant among 14 modules associated with AML morphology. Through functional enrichment analysis, we identified 217 genes in the blue module significantly enriched in ‘neutrophil degranulation’ and ‘neutrophil activation involved in immune response’ pathways. The survival analysis revealed six genes (S100A9, S100A8, HK3, CD93, CXCR2 and FGL2) located in the significantly enriched pathway that were notably related to AML survival. We validated the expression of these six genes at gene and single‐cell levels and identified methylation loci of each gene, except for S100A8. Finally, in vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate whether the identified hub genes were associated with AML survival. After knockdown of CD93 and FGL2, cell proliferation was significantly reduced in U937 cell line over 5 days. In summary, we identified CD93 and FGL2 as key hub genes related to AML survival, with FGL2 being a novel biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of AML.
Designing a behaviour change intervention using COM‐B and the Behaviour Change Wheel: Co‐designing the Healthy Gut Diet for preventing gestational diabetes
Authors: Meloncelli Nina , O'Connor Hannah , de Jersey Susan , Rushton Alita , Pateman Kelsey , Gallaher Samantha , Kearney Lauren , Wilkinson Shelley
Published: July 2024

Background

Evidence suggests that modulating the gut microbiota during pregnancy may help prevent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The Healthy Gut Diet study is a complex behaviour change intervention co‐designed with women who have a lived experience of GDM. The aim of the study was to describe the development of the behaviour change dietary intervention, the Healthy Gut Diet.

Methods

This study followed the process for designing behaviour change interventions using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Six researchers and 12 women with lived experience participated in online workshops to co‐design the Healthy Gut Diet intervention. This included “diagnosing” the barriers and enablers to two target behaviours: eating more plant foods and eating less ultra processed/saturated fat containing foods. Content analysis of the workshop transcripts and activities was undertaken, underpinned by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM‐B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results

Barriers and enablers to the target behaviours were described across all six COM‐B components and 10 TDF domains. The intervention functions for the Healthy Gut Diet were education, enablement, environmental restructuring, persuasion and incentivisation. Forty behaviour change techniques were integrated into five modes of delivery for the Healthy Gut Diet intervention. The feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the Healthy Gut Diet is being tested within a randomised controlled trial.

Conclusions

Using the Behaviour Change Wheel process in partnership with consumers resulted in a clearly described complex intervention targeting barriers and enablers of dietary behaviour change to improve the gut microbiota diversity in pregnant women.
Optimizing pain management in breast cancer care: Utilizing ‘All of Us’ data and deep learning to identify patients at elevated risk for chronic pain
Authors: Park Jung In , Johnson Steven , Pruinelli Lisiane
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The aim of the study was to develop a prediction model using deep learning approach to identify breast cancer patients at high risk for chronic pain.

Design

This study was a retrospective, observational study.

Methods

We used demographic, diagnosis, and social survey data from the NIH ‘All of Us’ program and used a deep learning approach, specifically a Transformer‐based time‐series classifier, to develop and evaluate our prediction model.

Results

The final dataset included 1131 patients. We evaluated the deep learning prediction model, which achieved an accuracy of 72.8% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 82.0%, demonstrating high performance.

Conclusion

Our research represents a significant advancement in predicting chronic pain among breast cancer patients, leveraging deep learning model. Our unique approach integrates both time‐series and static data for a more comprehensive understanding of patient outcomes.

Clinical Relevance

Our study could enhance early identification and personalized management of chronic pain in breast cancer patients using a deep learning‐based prediction model, reducing pain burden and improving outcomes.
Predicting the fetal weight by ultrasonography for isolated polyhydramnios: Comparison of 14 formulas
Authors: Yılmaz Ergani Seval , Çakır Betül Tokgöz , Akay Arife , Ulusoy Can Ozan , Akdaş Reis Yıldız , Sarsmaz Kemal , Örgül Gökçen , Esin Sertaç , Çağlar Ali Turhan
Published: July 2024

Objective

To recalculate the estimated fetal weight (EFW) based on ultrasound measurements in patients complicated with isolated polyhydramnios, using 14 current formulas to observe which formula better predicts the EFW.

Methods

This study examined pregnant women who gave birth in the hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. Maximum vertical pocket (MVP) was classified as, mild, moderate, and severe polyhydramnios, and the patients' measurements were reanalyzed using 14 formulas. The estimation of birth weight (EBW) alongside observed birth weight (OBW) facilitated the computation of statistical indices, namely the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) expressed as [(EBW – OBW)/OBW × 100], the mean percentage error (MPE) denoted as (EBW – OBW)/(OBW × 100), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 564 polyhydramnios patients were included in the study. When looking at the MAPE, the lowest rate (7.65) was found in the Hadlock 2 formula. Hadlock 1, Hadlock 3, and Shinozuka formulas demonstrated MAPE values most closely aligned with Hadlock 2. Weiner I and Thurnau were the formulas with the highest MAPE values. When the cut‐off values for MAPE were taken as 10%, 4/14 of the formulas (Weiner I–II, Vintzleos and Thurnau) gave results above 10%. Among 14 formulas, 3 (21.4%) had positive (sonographic overestimation) (Hadlock 3, Shinozuka, and Vintzleos) and the other 11 (78.6%) had negative MPE (sonographic underestimation).

Conclusion

The Hadlock 2 formula had the lowest MAPE in predicting birth weight in patients with polyhydramnios, closely followed by the Hadlock 1, Hadlock 3, and Shinozuka formulas.
Emotion regulation and self‐control: Same same but different… and even incompatible?
Authors: Wenzel Mario , Rowland Zarah , Bürgler Sebastian , Hennecke Marie
Published: July 2024

Objective

We explore the idea that inhibitory self‐control and prohedonic emotion regulation may be incompatible concerns.

Background

Specifically, we propose that because some forms of self‐control involve denying oneself hedonic pleasures, it may lead to negative affect. Because people may then prioritize emotion regulation over self‐control, negative affect may in turn lead to emotion regulation efforts, specifically the use of emotion regulation strategies, and an increased likelihood of self‐control failure.

Method

To explore the relationship between emotion regulation and self‐control in daily life, we conducted a secondary analysis of a 6‐week, 6‐signal‐per‐day ambulatory assessment data set (N = 125 participants with a total of 22,845 completed measurement occasions).

Results

Consistent with our predictions, we found that self‐control efforts of resisting a pleasurable desire led to significantly increased subsequent negative affect, which, in turn, led to significantly increased emotion regulation efforts and to significantly more likely self‐control failures.

Conclusions

We found evidence for the notion that inhibitory self‐control and prohedonic emotion regulation are, on average, somewhat incompatible concerns. We discuss our findings in the context of other phenomena in which emotion regulation concerns may conflict with the pursuit of other goals.
Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections in Sindh province, Pakistan: Findings from two sero‐surveys in 2007 and 2019
Authors: Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Walker Josephine G. , Lim Aaron G. , Alam Ejaz , Hamid Saeed , Foster Graham R. , Choudhry Naheed , Ansari M. Azim , Qureshi Huma , Vickerman Peter
Published: July 2024

Pakistan harbours a large burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We utilised repeat sero‐surveys to assess progress achieved towards hepatitis elimination in Pakistan. Multilevel logistic regression evaluated the change in HBV infection (HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive) prevalence and HCV exposure (HCV antibody (HCV‐Ab)‐positive) prevalence between two sero‐surveys from 2007 and 2019 for Sindh province and associated risk factors. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated and population‐attributable fractions (PAF) for modifiable risk factors for HCV exposure. The 2007 and 2019 surveys included 8855 and 6672 individuals. HBsAg prevalence decreased from 2.6% (95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 2.2–2.9) in 2007 to 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8–1.3) in 2019, while HCV‐Ab prevalence increased from 5.1% (95% CI: 4.6%–5.5%) to 6.2% (95% CI: 5.6%–6.8%). The age and gender‐adjusted HBsAg prevalence decreased by 80% (aOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.4) among children and 60% (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.6) among adults over 2007–2019, while HCV‐Ab prevalence decreased by 60% (aOR = 0.4, 95%CI:0.2–0.7) in children and increased by 40% (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7) in adults. HCV‐Ab prevalence was lower in adults with secondary (aOR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.8) and higher (aOR = 0.5, 95%CI:0.3–0.8) education compared to illiterates and higher among adults reporting blood transfusion (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.4), family history of hepatitis (aOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.9–3.3), past year medical injection (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6–2.7), being tattooed (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.9) and shaved by traditional barber (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.5). Modifiable risk factors accounted for 45% of HCV exposure, with medical injection(s) accounting for 38% (95%CI,25.7–48.4%). Overall HCV has increased over 2007–2019 in Sindh province, while HBV prevalence has decreased. Medical injections should be an important focus of prevention activities.
Fiscal financing with labour markets frictions
Authors: Wesselbaum Dennis
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we study the effect of search and matching frictions, i.e., equilibrium unemployment, on fiscal financing decisions in the United States. We build a Real Business Cycle model with labour market frictions and a rich set of fiscal tools and estimate the model using Bayesian methods on US data for various fiscal rule specifications. Most importantly, we find that the model with unemployment, output and debt in the fiscal rules fits the data best. Under the fiscal rule that best fits the data, the reaction of fiscal instruments to output and debt are significantly quantitatively different than a rule that ignores unemployment. Fiscal instruments react stronger to cyclical factors except transfers. These changes also affect model dynamics in response to fundamental non‐fiscal shocks.
Multifidelity graph neural networks for efficient and accurate mesh‐based partial differential equations surrogate modeling
Authors: Taghizadeh Mehdi , Nabian Mohammad Amin , Alemazkoor Negin
Published: July 2024

Accurately predicting the dynamics of complex systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) is crucial in various applications. Traditional numerical methods such as finite element methods (FEMs) offer precision but are resource‐intensive, particularly at high mesh resolutions. Machine learning–based surrogate models, including graph neural networks (GNNs), present viable alternatives by reducing computation times. However, their accuracy is significantly contingent on the availability of substantial high‐fidelity training data. This paper presents innovative multifidelity GNN (MFGNN) frameworks that efficiently combine low‐fidelity and high‐fidelity data to train more accurate surrogate models for mesh‐based PDE simulations, while reducing training computational cost. The proposed methods capitalize on the strengths of GNNs to manage complex geometries across different fidelity levels. Incorporating a hierarchical learning strategy and curriculum learning techniques, the proposed models significantly reduce computational demands and improve the robustness and generalizability of the results. Extensive validations across various simulation tasks show that the MFGNN frameworks surpass traditional single‐fidelity GNN models. The proposed approaches, hence, provide a scalable and practical solution for conducting detailed computational analyses where traditional high‐fidelity simulations are time‐consuming.
Does Wilson's disease determine specific personality traits? Analysis of patients with the neurological form of the disease
Authors: Seniów Joanna , Roessler‐Górecka Magdalena , Cudo Andrzej , Członkowska Anna
Published: July 2024

Background

In the autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, Wilson's disease (WD), patients present hepatic, neurological, and psychiatric symptoms combined in different and unpredictable ways. Brain pathology primarily affects the basal ganglia and may cause movement, cognitive, affective, and behavioral disturbances. Personality traits have been rarely studied in the neurological form of the disease.

Objective

To investigate whether patients with the neurological form of WD (WDn) have specific personality traits, especially those typical of frontobasal loop dysfunction.

Methods

The personality of 29 adult WDn patients (without significant cognitive and psychiatric disorders) and 29 matched healthy controls was assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI‐2).

Results

Compared to healthy individuals, patients with WDn scored higher on the following MMPI‐2 scales: hypochondriasis, physical malfunctioning, bizarre sensory experiences, health concerns, and general health concerns, with no differentiation between patients and controls on the remaining MMPI‐2 scales.

Conclusions

Long‐term treated patients with WDn did not appear to have any specific personality traits reflecting unambiguously frontobasal psychopathology, if self‐report measurement is used. The more strongly exhibited features concerning their actual physical ailments and health anxiety, such as hypochondria, chronic fatigue, and poor psychophysical well‐being, could result from psychological reactions to a chronic disabling brain disease. Further study of personality traits and personality disorders is warranted in patients with clearly defined forms of WD, using various measurement tools. Psychopathological disorders in different forms of WD warrant further studies.
2,5‐Dihydroxyacetophenone attenuates acute kidney injury induced by intra‐abdominal infection in rats
Authors: Han Tao , Jiang Ye , Ge Weixing , Lu Yuyu , Liu Rongming , Sun Zunpeng
Published: July 2024

Aims

As one of the most serious complications of sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI) is pathologically associated with excessive inflammation. 2,5‐Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) is isolated from Radix rehmanniae praeparata and exhibit potent anti‐inflammatory property. This research aimed at determining the role of DHAP in sepsis‐associated AKI (SA‐AKI) and the underlying mechanism.

Methods

Plasma creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels of SA‐AKI patients were detected to evaluate their clinical characteristics. SA‐AKI rat models were established by using caecum ligation puncture (CLP) surgery. CLP‐induced rats were administered via oral gavage with 20 or 40 mg DHAP after 2 h of CLP surgery. Subsequently, survival rates, serum indexes, histopathological changes, inflammatory factors, renal function indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathways were detected.

Results

SA‐AKI patients exhibited markedly higher levels of plasma Cre, BUN, TNF‐α and IL‐1β than healthy people. Compared with sham rats, CLP‐induced septic rats showed significantly decreased survival rate, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and serum lactate level, obvious renal histopathological injury, upregulated TNF‐α, IL‐1β and TGF‐β1 levels, elevated serum creatinine, BUN and serum cystatin C concentrations, serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule‐1 levels and reduced renal artery blood flow. All the above CLP‐induced changes in septic rats were mitigated after DHAP administration. Additionally, CLP‐induced elevation in phosphorylated‐ERK1/2 and nuclear NF‐κB p65 protein levels was inhibited by DHAP treatment.

Conclusion

DHAP hinders SA‐AKI progression in rat models by inhibiting ERK and NF‐κB signalling pathways.

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Do antro‐duodenal manometry parameters predict clinical response after gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy in refractory gastroparesis?
Authors: Sweerts K. W. E. , Mujagic Z. , Straathof J. W. A. , Hereijgers M. J. M. , Keszthelyi D. , Conchillo J. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G‐POEM) is a promising therapeutic modality for refractory gastroparesis (GP). However, as characteristics of suitable patients for G‐POEM remain unclear, antro‐duodenal manometry (ADM) has been suggested to provide objective parameters for patient selection. The aim of the present study was to identify ADM parameters as predictors for treatment response after G‐POEM in refractory GP.

Methods

Refractory GP patients who underwent a G‐POEM between 2017 and 2022 were included. The following ADM parameters were mainly scored: antral hypomotility, pylorospasm, and the presence of neuropathic enteric patterns. Treatment response was defined as a GCSI‐score decrease of ≥1 point 12 months after G‐POEM. Explorative analyses were performed on potential predictors of response using logistic regression analysis.

Key Results

Sixty patients (52 women, mean age 52 ± 14 years.) with refractory GP (33 idiopathic, 16 diabetic, 11 postsurgical) were included. Clinical response data were available for 52 patients. In 8 out of 60 patients, it was not feasible to advance the catheter beyond the pylorus. Abnormal ADM was found in 46/60 patients (77%). Antral hypomotility and pylorospasm were found in respectively 33% and 12% of patients. At least one neuropathic enteric dysmotility pattern was found in 58% of patients. No differences were found when comparing baseline ADM parameters between clinical response groups at 12 months follow‐up. Following explorative analyses, no ADM parameters were identified to predict clinical response 12 months after G‐POEM.

Conclusions and Inferences

No ADM parameters were identified as predictors of clinical response after G‐POEM in refractory GP patients. Additionally, a high percentage of abnormal ADM tracings was found, in particular with relation to enteric dysmotility, while only a low percentage of patients showed antral hypomotility or pylorospasm.
The combination of L‐menthol and caraway oil does not affect gastric function but increases hunger in healthy subjects
Authors: Masuy Imke , Verbeure Wout , Ruilova Sosoranga Emily , Tackoen Julie , Mori Hideki , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Tack Jan
Published: July 2024

Background

The heterogeneous character of functional gastrointestinal disorders, recently renamed into disorders of gut‐brain interaction, makes finding effective treatment options challenging. Compared to synthetic drugs, phytotherapy can have broader pharmacological effects and is often better tolerated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peppermint oil and caraway oil (POCO) on gastric function and symptom levels in 32 healthy subjects in a single‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized, parallel design.

Methods

Gastric emptying rate was assessed using a 13C‐breath test. Intragastric pressure was measured using high‐resolution manometry in fasted state and during intragastric infusion of a nutrient drink (350 mL or until full satiation). GI symptoms were rated on a 100 mm VAS. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.

Key Results

POCO had no effect on intragastric pressure in fasted or fed state (p > 0.08 for all). No significant differences in gastric emptying rate were observed (p = 0.54). In the fasted state, a stronger increase in hunger and decrease in satiety were observed following POCO (p = 0.016 and p = 0.008, respectively). No differences in hunger and satiety were observed in the fed state (p > 0.31 for all). POCO induced less epigastric burning, bloating, and fullness (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions

Acute POCO administration did not affect gastric function in healthy subjects, but increased fasted hunger ratings. The effects of POCO on gastric function and hunger sensations in patients with disorders of gut‐brain interaction, and the contribution to symptom improvement, needs to be elucidated in future studies.
High‐throughput characterization of the influence of Streptococcus sanguinis genes on the interaction between Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Zhu Bin , Anandan Vysakh , Bao Liang , Xu Ping
Published: July 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis, and Streptococcus sanguinis is an abundant oral commensal bacterium associated with periodontal health. However, the interaction between P. gingivalis and S. sanguinis remains obscure. Here, we established a strategy for high‐throughput measurement of the cell number of P. gingivalis in the coculture with S. sanguinis by detecting the concentration of hydrogen sulfate. The interaction between P. gingivalis and over 2000 S. sanguinis single‐gene mutants was characterized using this strategy, and several interaction‐associated genes in S. sanguinis were determined by detecting more P. gingivalis cells in the coculture with matched S. sanguinis mutants. Three S. sanguinis interaction‐associated genes were predicted to be responsible for cysteine metabolism, and the supplementation of exogenous L‐cysteine promoted the cell number of P. gingivalis in the coculture with S. sanguinis. Thus, exogenous L‐cysteine and the compromised cysteine metabolism in S. sanguinis enhanced the growth of P. gingivalis in the existence of S. sanguinis. Additionally, the interaction between P. gingivalis and other Streptococcus spp. was examined, and S. pneumoniae was the only streptococci that had no inhibition on the cell number of P. gingivalis. In total, this study established a new strategy for high‐throughput screening of the interaction between Streptococcus and P. gingivalis and discovered a set of genes in S. sanguinis that impacted the interaction. The influence of exogenous L‐cysteine on the interaction between P. gingivalis and S. sanguinis in the oral cavity needs further investigation.
Comparing the Efficacy of Antiosteoporotic Drugs in Preventing Periprosthetic Bone Loss Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tang Yi , Jin Zhaokai , Lu Yichen , Chen Lei , Lv Shuaijie , Xu Taotao , Tong Peijian , Chen Guoqian
Published: July 2024

Background

Periprosthetic bone loss is a well‐known phenomenon following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the choice of drugs for prevention remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the best drug to treat periprosthetic bone loss by comparing changes in bone mineral density (BMD) at different times after THA.

Methods

A comprehensive search of five databases and two clinical trial registration platforms was undertaken from their inception through to August 31, 2023 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) was carried out for calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of the BMD in calcar (Gruen zone 7) at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months and over.

Results

Twenty‐nine trials involving 1427 patients and 10 different interventions were included. The results demonstrated that at 6 months, denosumab had the highest ranking (SUCRA = 0.90), followed by alendronate (SUCRA = 0.76), and zoledronate (SUCRA = 0.73). At 12 months, clodronate ranked highest (SUCRA = 0.96), followed by denosumab (SUCRA = 0.84) and teriparatide (SUCRA = 0.82). For interventions with a duration of 24 months and over, denosumab had the highest SUCRA value (SUCRA = 0.96), followed by raloxifene (SUCRA = 0.90) and zoledronate (SUCRA = 0.75).

Conclusion

Investigating the existing body of evidence revealed that denosumab demonstrates potential as an intervention of superior efficacy at the three specifically examined time points. However, it remains crucial to conduct further research to confirm these findings and determine the most effective treatment strategy.
Epidemiological trends and burden analysis of cervical cancer attributable to unsafe sex: A population‐based study from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Zhang Xingxing , Chen Yiteng , Ou Tongyin , Wang Xindi , Zhou Hu , Li Xi , Guo Yu , Chen Zhiming , Ruan Weiqing
Published: July 2024

Background

Unsafe sex is recognized as an important risk factor for cervical cancer (CC). Understanding the global disease burden of CC attributable to unsafe sex can assist policymakers in allocating healthcare resources.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2019 global burden of disease database (GBD). We examined global, regional, and national levels of CC mortality, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), and age‐standardized rates (ASRs) caused by unsafe sex. ASRs were evaluated using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs).

Results

Attributable to unsafe sex, there were 280,479 CC‐related deaths in 2019 and 8,955,013 CC‐related DALYs. In the period 1990–2019, the global ASRs of CC due to unsafe sex decreased around the world; for age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age‐standardized DALY rate (ASDR), the EAPCs were −0.93 and −0.95. The highest ASMRs and ASDRs were found in central sub‐Saharan Africa and the lowest in Australasia.

Conclusion

In the past few decades, the ASMR and ASDR of CC caused by unsafe sexual practices have decreased over time, with significant variations observed among different countries and regions. Increased focus is needed on spreading awareness about sexual health and promoting CC prevention and screening, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income nations.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of student nurses regarding community activities in primary care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Miguéns Diego Gabriel Mosteiro , Cachafeiro Maruxa Zapata , Mallón Silvia Novío , Coego Iria Lareu , Pérez Natalia Vieito , Fernández Almudena Rodríguez
Published: July 2024

Objective

To ascertain student nurses’ degree of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the implementation of community activities (CA) in primary care.

Design

Questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study.

Sample

The study was conducted with 152 students seeking a nursing degree at the University of Santiago de Compostela (North Spain) in the 2022/2023 academic year.

Measurements

We distributed a self‐administered online questionnaire on CA, which are actions undertaken in collaboration with the local community and targeted at groups of people with common needs, in order to improve the health and wellbeing of the population.

Results

Only 15.1% of the sample was able to identify CA correctly. However, 93.4% considered these an effective approach for the control of chronic diseases. Special mention should be made of the positive attitude shown by students toward the implementation of these types of activities.

Conclusion

Nurses play a key role in preventing chronic diseases, and it is therefore necessary to ensure that they are trained in the implementation of CA aimed at reducing the incidence of such diseases. Future training plans for nurses should emphasize the community perspective in order to improve the skills of future professionals in this field and to increase the success of these interventions.
Histopathology of peritonitis due to infectious mononucleosis with background Chlamydia trachomatis infection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kaimi Yuto , Naka Tomoaki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Uno Masaya , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi
Published: July 2024

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a major cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM), characterized by fever, fatigue, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, atypical lymphocytosis, and elevated liver enzymes. However, ascites is a rare complication associated with IM. We present a rare case of IM with ascites and peritonitis in a patient who underwent a peritoneal biopsy. A 20‐year‐old woman presented with fatigue and abdominal distension. Laboratory examination revealed atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood (54%) and elevated liver enzymes. EBV serological tests revealed a recent primary infection (EBV VCA IgM 1:160). Computed tomography revealed moderate ascites and peritonitis. Adenocarcinoma was suspected based on the ascites' cytology. Considering possible complications of IM and adenocarcinoma, a laparoscopic biopsy was performed. Histological findings of biopsy specimens from the peritoneum, omentum, and fimbria of the fallopian tube demonstrated severe inflammatory cell infiltration and focal aggregation of large EBV‐encoded RNA‐1 (EBER1)‐positive B cells, mimicking EBV‐positive polymorphous B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Furthermore, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis were observed by immunohistochemistry. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction detected C. trachomatis in cervical secretions. Two months after laparoscopy, ascites decreased, and the diagnosis was IM‐associated peritonitis with C. trachomatis infection. IM should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young patients with ascites.
The enigmatic enzyme ‘amidoxime reducing component’ of Lotus japonicus. Characterization, expression, activity in plant tissues, and proposed role as a nitric oxide‐forming nitrite reductase
Authors: Minguillón Samuel , Fischer‐Schrader Katrin , Pérez‐Rontomé Carmen , Matamoros Manuel A. , Becana Manuel
Published: July 2024

Human mitochondria contain a molybdoprotein capable of reducing amidoximes using cytochrome b5/cytochrome b5 reductase (Cb/CbR). This ‘amidoxime reducing component’ (ARC) also reduces nitrite to nitric oxide (NO). In the plant kingdom, distinct functions have been suggested for ARCs. Thus, the single ARC of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (crARC) reduces nitrite to NO by taking electrons from nitrate reductase (NR). Therefore, it was proposed that a dual NR/crARC system can generate NO under physiological conditions and the crARC was renamed to ‘NO‐forming nitrite reductase’ (NOFNiR). In contrast to this, the two ARC enzymes from Arabidopsis thaliana were not found to produce NO in vitro at physiological nitrite concentrations, suggesting a different, as yet unknown, function in vascular plants. Here, we have investigated the two ARCs of Lotus japonicus (LjARCs) to shed light on this controversy and to examine, for the first time, the distribution of ARCs in plant tissues. The LjARCs are localized in the cytosol and their activities and catalytic efficiencies, which are much higher than those of A. thaliana, are consistent with a role as NOFNiR. LjARCs are prone to S‐nitrosylation in vitro by S‐nitrosoglutathione and this post‐translational modification drastically inhibits their activities. The enzymes are mainly expressed in flowers, seeds and pods, but are absent in nodules. LjARCs are active with NR and Cb/CbR as electron‐transferring systems. However, the LjNR mRNA levels in seeds and pods are negligible, whereas our proteomic analyses show that pods contain the two ARCs, Cb and CbR. We conclude that LjARCs may play a role as NOFNiR by receiving electrons from the Cb/CbR system but do not act in combination with NR.
Platelet‐rich plasma and plasma rich in growth factors in extra‐oral wound care
Authors: Perussolo Jeniffer , Calciolari Elena , Dereka Xanthippi , Donos Nikolaos
Published: July 2024

This narrative review evaluates the existing literature on the clinical efficacy and safety of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) in extra‐oral wound care, considering their potential benefits and drawbacks. The review specifically focuses on the impact of these treatments on patients' quality of life, pain management, treatment costs, recurrence rates, and potential complications. Given the extensive literature and diverse range of extra‐oral wound types in which these autologous platelet concentrates have been applied, this narrative review focuses on the most frequently described wound types, including diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, surgical wounds, and burns. The use of PRP has been reported in various medical specialties, with a low risk of adverse events. While there is a growing interest in the use of PRGF with promising results, the available literature on this topic is still limited. Only a few studies evaluated patients' perception of the treatment and the relationship between treatment costs and clinical outcomes. Data on recurrence rates and complications also vary across studies. In conclusion, PRP and PRGF show promise as alternatives or as adjunctive therapies to conventional treatments for various extra‐oral wounds and ulcers, leading to reduced wound size and accelerated healing time but should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis, taking into account the type and severity of the wound.
Effects of 9 Weeks of High‐ or Moderate‐Intensity Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Inhibitory Control, and Plasma Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Danish Adolescents—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gejl Anne Kær , Bugge Anna , Ernst Martin Thomsen , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Gejl Kasper Degn , Andersen Lars Bo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The primary aims of this study were to examine the effects of 9 weeks of aerobic training, comprising three 30‐min sessions per week, on V̇O2max, inhibitory control, and plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels among adolescents aged 16–19 years.

Methods

One hundred twenty‐one untrained or recreationally active adolescents from a Danish high school were enrolled in the study, with 58 females (17.8 ± 0.8 years) and 27 males (18.0 ± 0.9 years) completing it. Participants were randomly divided into three groups performing aerobic training at either moderate‐intensity (MIT: 60%–70% heart rate reserve [HRR]) or high‐intensity (HIT: 80%–100% HRR) or a passive control group (CON) continuing their habitual lifestyle. Both the training groups exercised for 3×30 min per week for 9 weeks using a combination of cycling and running. Before and after the intervention period maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and the primary outcomes (inhibitory control measured by a modified flanker task, and resting plasma levels of BDNF) were evaluated.

Results

After the intervention period, the HIT group demonstrated a larger increase in V̇O2max compared to both the CON and MIT groups, while no significant effects were observed on inhibitory control or plasma BDNF levels in any training group. However, compared to the CON group, the HIT group exhibited a tendency for greater improvement in the flanker interference score (accuracy), attributable to enhanced accuracy on the incongruent stimuli from pre to post.

Conclusion

Aerobic training in adolescents increased cardiorespiratory fitness in an intensity‐dependent manner, but no clear effects were observed on neither inhibitory control nor resting plasma BDNF levels.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02075944.
Assessing Leg Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Running Using Thermodilution
Authors: Leahy Michael G. , Thompson Kyle M. A. , Skattebo Øyvind , de Paz Jose A. , Martin‐Rincon Marcos , Garcia‐Gonzalez Eduardo , Galvan‐Alvarez Victor , Boushel Robert , Hallén Jostein , Burr Jamie F. , Calbet José A. L.
Published: July 2024

Cardiac output (Q̇C) and leg blood flow (Q̇LEG) can be measured simultaneously with high accuracy using transpulmonary and femoral vein thermodilution with a single‐bolus injection. The invasive measure has offered important insight into leg hemodynamics and blood flow distribution during exercise. Despite being the natural modality of exercise in humans, there has been no direct measure of Q̇LEG while running in humans. We sought to determine the feasibility of the thermodilution technique for measuring Q̇LEG and conductance during high‐intensity running, in an exploratory case study. A trained runner (30 years male) completed two maximal incremental tests on a cycle ergometer and motorized treadmill. Q̇LEG and Q̇C were determined using the single‐bolus thermodilution technique. Arterial and venous blood were sampled throughout exercise, with continuous monitoring of metabolism, intra‐arterial and venous pressure, and temperature. The participant reached a greater peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) during running relative to cycling (74 vs. 68 mL/kg/min) with comparable Q̇LEG (19.0 vs. 19.5 L/min) and Q̇C (27.4 vs. 26.2 L/min). Leg vascular conductance was greater during high‐intensity running relative to cycling (82 vs. 70 mL/min/mmHg @ ~80% V̇O2peak). The “beat phenomenon” was apparent in femoral flow while running, producing large gradients in conductance (62–90 mL/min/mmHg @ 70% V̇O2peak). In summary, we present the first direct measure of Q̇LEG and conductance in a running human. Our findings corroborate several assumptions about Q̇LEG during running compared with cycling. Importantly, we demonstrate that using thermodilution in running exercise can be completed effectively and safely.
As We Were and As We Should Be, Combined Exercise Training in Adults With Schizophrenia: CORTEX‐SP Study Part II
Authors: Tous‐Espelosin Mikel , Pavon Cristóbal , Elizagarate Edorta , Sampedro Agurne , Maldonado‐Martín Sara
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the changes in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep quality following a supervised combined exercise (EX) program compared to a Treatment‐As‐Usual (TAU) and to analyze the relationship between the differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and HRQoL domains in people with schizophrenia (SZ).

Methods

The SZ (n = 112, 41.3 ± 10.4 year) was randomly assigned into a TAU control group (n = 53) or EX‐group (n = 59, 3 days/week). The 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey questionnaire assessed HRQoL and the sleep quality analysis (accelerometry).

Results

After the intervention (20 weeks), physical functioning (∆ = 12.9%), general health (∆ = 15.3%), mental health (∆ = 8.3%), physical component summary (PCS) (∆ = 5.1%), and sleep efficiency (∆ = 1.9%) increased (p < 0.05) in the EX, with no significant changes in the TAU for any domains studied. There were significant differences between groups whose EX showed improvements (p < 0.05) compared to TAU in physical functioning, general health, PCS, and sleep efficiency. A greater CRF was associated with better values in physical functioning, role‐physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, and PCS after the exercise program in SZ.

Conclusions

A 20‐week supervised combined exercise intervention program for SZ increased sleep efficiency and physical functioning, general and mental health, and PCS scores. This could lead to a critical HRQoL change from how they were to how they should be.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03509597
Are soil carbon credits empty promises? Shortcomings of current soil carbon quantification methodologies and improvement avenues
Authors: Dupla Xavier , Bonvin Emma , Deluz Cédric , Lugassy Léa , Verrecchia Eric , Baveye Philippe C. , Grand Stéphanie , Boivin Pascal
Published: July 2024

As the consequences of climate change are looming large, agricultural soil carbon credits have emerged as an increasingly advocated lever to incentivize the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and promote carbon storing farming practices. These credits are exchanged on self‐regulated voluntary carbon markets, each of them using distinct protocols to assess the changes in soil carbon stocks and convert them into carbon credits. Although serious discrepancies between protocols have already been noted regarding general carbon credit accounting principles, an in‐depth evaluation of how changes in soil organic carbon stocks are calculated is still lacking. In this context, the primary objective of our study was to investigate how changes in soil organic carbon stock are estimated by the major carbon credit protocols worldwide. We evaluated the requirements of each protocol regarding the estimation of the initial SOC stock as well as the modelling and/or measurement of changes in stock with time. We found that existing protocols vary greatly in their scientific rigour. We showed in particular that some protocols do not require in situ soil analyses to estimate initial soil carbon stocks but rely on regional values, leading them to potentially overestimate these stocks by up to 2.5 times. Our study also found that the protocols relying on models require different farming practices and different levels of information for each practice to estimate SOC stock changes. The protocols relying, at least partly, on soil sampling also displayed different requirements for the sampling design, sampling tools, SOC analysis methods and SOC stock calculation methods. On this basis, we suggest reforms designed to improve and standardize the quantification of carbon stock changes in soils and to improve the reliability of soil carbon credits.
Prehospital transfusion of labile blood product using intraosseous perfusion with multi‐lumen extender: Why not?
Authors: Aloird J. , Bernard P. , Javaudin O. , Casse M. , Richez M. , Hitier J.‐B. , Sarda A. , Colleu F. , Boissier J. , Freiermuth J.‐P.
Published: July 2024

Background

French prehospital military medical teams are provided with labile blood products to effectively address hemorrhagic shock. In combat environment, standard good medical practice may limit efficacy of therapeutic goals regarding damage control resuscitation.

Study Design and Methods

We present here a case report describing the management of a soldier heavily wounded during a helicopter forward medical evacuation in Sahel region.

Results

We report the challenge encountered by medical team using only a humeral intraosseous route available due to severity of lesions and challenging environment. In this configuration, multi‐lumen extender enabled transfusion of two units of packed red blood cells and two units of plasma, and analgesia while limiting manipulation and dislodgment of the fragile intraosseous route.

This situation, outside of usual good medical practice, raises issues of hemolysis, physicochemical compability of drugs and blood products, and consequences on flow rate reduction.

Discussion

With this case, we emphasize the benefit of multi‐lumen extender associated with intraosseous route for early management of heavy casualties in harsh prehospital environment. Literature suggests that hemolysis and physicochemical compability should remain limited. The main issue of this setting consists of flow reduction and can be addressed by prioritizing humeral route, and using counter pressure cuffs, until a second peripheral or central line is available and management can resume without the need for multi‐lumen extender.