bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of fungal endo-1,3-B-glucanase by phenols isolated from Turnera diffusa: an alternative for conventional antifungals
Authors: Tapia-Quirós Paulina , Martínez-Téllez Miguel Ángel , Ávila-Quezada Graciela Dolores , Vargas-Arispuro Irasema
Published: December 2019

La enzima endo-(1,3)-B-glucanasa tiene una función fisiológica en los procesos morfogenéticos durante el desarrollo y diferenciación en algunos hongos. Adicionalmente, esta enzima ha sido implicada durante el ataque de hongo en la interacción hongo fitopatógeno-planta. Por lo que la endo-(1,3)-B-glucanasa fúngica, se ha utilizado como sitio-objetivo para la búsqueda dirigida de antifúngicos. Utilizando un aislamiento bio-dirigido de compuestos bioactivos, se aislaron dos ácidos fenólicos de tallos de Turnera diffusa, los cuales inhiben la actividad de endo-(1,3)-B-glucanasa fúngica. Los compuestos identificados como apigenina y luteolina inhiben la actividad del enzima en 90 y 60%, respectivamente. Consistente con el efecto de la inhibición de la enzima fúngica, la apigenina a concentracion milimolar, fue capaz de inhibir completamente la germinación de esporas de Botrytis cinerea. Con estos resultados se infiere que la acción antifúngica de la apigenina es una consecuencia de su capacidad para inhibir la enzima endo-(1,3)-B-glucanasa.
Effect of Dietary Omega-3 Poli Unsaturated Fatty Acids During the Flushing Period on Reproductive Performance of Karayaka Ewes
Authors: Kılıçalp N , Yücel C
Published: December 2019

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemented omega 3 poly unsaturated fatty acids on fertility of Karayaka sheep during the flushing period. This trial was arranged on 3-4 year old, average 55±0.5 kg live weight, 80 head Karayaka sheep were distributed completely Randomize into 4 groups. Oestrus synchronization was performed in the three groups of sheep except for control group. Experimental groups were pasture, pasture (oestrus synchronization), barley and Omega-3. Progeny yields were determined as 80 % in the control, 125 % in the pasture, 116 % in the barley and 135% in the omega-3 groups.The highest twin birth was observed in omega 3 group (44%), follwed by pasture group (33%) and barley group (24%). The results indicated that, addition of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to supplemental feeds increased fertility of Karayaka sheep.
Effects of Diets with Different Ratios of Neutral Detergent Fiber to Non-Fibrous Carbohydrates on Feeding Behavior in Transition Holstein Cows
Authors: Huang Wen Ming , Wang Li Bin , Xu Xin , Yin Li
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of close-up diets with increased ratios of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) on feeding behavior in transition cows. Thirty-nine dry cows were blocked, assigned randomly to three groups and fed diets with a low (1.07, LF), medium (1.41, MF) or high (2.08, HF) NDF:NFC ratio from 21 d prior to the expected day of calving. After parturition, all cows were fed the same diet for a further 35 d. The average DMI decreased as the ratio of NDF:NFC increased at -3 weeks (Wk) and -2 Wk and increased at +5 Wk plessthan 0.05). The average daily feeding time was lower and the average feeding rate was higher (plessthan 0.05) for LF cows compared with MF and HF cows during prepartum. In conclusion, a prepartum diet with increased ratios of NDF:NFC decreased the DMI and feeding rate, increased daily feeding times and visits prepartum and was beneficial in increasing DMI postpartum.
DUYGUSAL SATIŞ VAADİ (ESP): DUYGU ÇEKİCİLİĞİNİN MARKA İTİBARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: ASLAN Emre Ş. , ÖZKAN Nihal , ÖZKAN Şakire , DEĞER Mezra
Published: December 2019

Markalar
arasındaki rekabetin artması sonucunda markalarla ilgili farkındalık
oluşturabilmek ve tüketicinin zihninde yer edinebilmek için markalar farklı
reklam çekiciliklerini kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu reklam çekiciliklerinden biri de
duygusal reklam çekiciliğidir. Reklamlarda duygusal çekicilikler kullanılarak
tüketicilerin his dünyalarına etki edip onlarda istenilen yönde davranış
değişikliği yaratmak istenilmektedir. Ayrıca marka ile tüketici arasında
duygusal bir bağ oluşturup marka sadakati yaratmaya çalışılmaktadır. Markalar
duygusal satış vaadini kullanarak marka itibarını artırmak ve böylece marka
değerini geliştirmek istemektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı çekicilik
unsurlarından olan duygusal satış vaadinin (esp) marka itibarına etkisinin olup
olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nicel araştırma yöntemi
kullanılarak anket (survey) tekniğinden yararlanılmış ve elde edilen veriler,
frekans, faktör, regresyon analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna
göre, duygu çekiciliğinin kullanılması marka itibarını etkilemektedir.
Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genetik Hastalıklar Tanı Merkezinde beta talasemi minor kliniği ile incelenen bireylerde görülen beta globin mutasyonları ve sıklığı
Authors: YALÇINTEPE Sinem
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Beta talasemi, Beta Globin (HBB-Hemoglobin Beta Locus) genindeki dört yüzden daha fazla mutasyonun neden olduğu otozomal resesif kalıtımlı genetik bir hastalıktır. Trakya Bölgesinde HBB geni mutasyonlarını ve sıklığını saptamak amacı ile beta talasemi minor kliniği ile Genetik Hastalıklar Tanı Merkezimize gönderilen 236 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm olgulardan elde edilen periferik kan örneklerinden, sanger sekans yöntemiyle beta globin geni dizi analizi yapıldı.

Bulgular: 97 (%41,1) hastada 98 adet heterozigot HBB geni mutasyonu saptandı. HBB geni mutasyonları IVS I.110 (G>A) (%28,6), Codon 39 (C>T) (%18,4), IVS1-1G>A, c.92+1 (G>A) (%8.2), IVS-II-745 (C>G) (%7,1), IVS-I-6 (T>C) (%5,1), Codon 8 (-AA), c.25.26.delAA (%4,1), Codon 44 (-C) (%4,1), Hb F Carlton (%3,1), Cd 5 [-CT], c.17.18delCT (%3,1), cd8/9+G, c.27_28insG, c.27dupG (%3,1), c.364 G>A, p.Glu122Lys (%3,1), c.-31 C>T (%3,1), CD6 –A, 20delA (%2), c.*+111A>G (PolyA) (A>G) (%2), IVS-II-1 (G>A), c.315+1 G>A (%1), c.30.31insT, p.Ala11Cysfs (%1), CD26 G>A (Hb E), c.79 G>A (%1), CD15 G>A, c.48 G>A (%1) olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda Trakya Bölgesi’nde on sekiz farklı HBB geni mutasyonu saptadık.

Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarımız beta talasemi taşıyıcılığının Türkiye coğrafyasında sadece Ege, Akdeniz ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde değil, Trakya Bölgesinde de sık olduğunun bilgisini literatüre sunmaktadır.
Karabük ili Safranbolu ilçesinde doğum sonu bakım hizmetlerinin kapsamı ve hizmet kullanımının belirleyicileri
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Raziye , KARAÇALI Merve
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Anne ve bebek sağlığının geliştirilmesi, mortalite ve morbiditenin azaltılmasında doğum sonu bakım (DSB) hizmet kullanımı ve kapsamı önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Karabük ili Safranbolu ilçesinde DSB hizmetlerinin hizmet kullanımını ve kapsamını etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte planlanan bu çalışmada doğum sonu 42 günlük sürecini yeni tamamlayan 169 anne yer almaktadır. Kadınlara ulaşmak için aile hekimlerinin kayıtlarından yararlanılmıştır. Veriler, Sağlık Bakanlığı‟nın Doğum Sonu Bakım Yönetim Rehberi temel alınarak hazırlanan bir soru formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Anket formunda sosyodemografik özellikler, sağlık durumu, üreme sağlığıyla ilgili değişkenler, gebelik izlemlerinin sayısı ve niteliğiyle ilgili değişkenler sorgulanmıştır. Analizlerde ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Doğum sonu hastanede izlenen kadınların düzeyi %99,4‟tür. Hastaneden taburcu olduktan sonra kadınların %13‟ü hiç izlenmemiştir. Tam izlem sıklığı %26‟dır. Doğum sonu hastaneden çıktıktan sonra DSB hizmeti almak için yapılan başvurular sırasıyla %42,2 özel hastaneye, %41,1 aile sağlığı merkezine, %16,8 kamu hastanesine yapılmıştır. Doğum sonrası dönemde hiçbir kadın evde ziyaret edilmemiştir.

Sonuç: Çalışma DSB hizmet kullanımının düşük olduğunu ve DSB hizmetlerinde birinci basamağın rolü azalırken özel sektörün rolünün arttığını göstermektedir. DSB hizmetlerinin toplum tabanlı ve kapsayıcı olması anne ve bebek sağlığının geliştirilmesinin temel koşuludur
A rare tumor of the pancreas: Anaplastic carcinoma
Authors: ÜREYEN Orhan , ÜNAL Olçun Ümit , ALAY Demet , YAĞCI Ayşe , İLHAN Enver
Published: December 2019

Anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas is rarely encountered and usually reported as case reports in the literature. Anaplastic carcinoma is prognosed worse than ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas. The effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is controversial in the treatment progress. Basic treatment is curative surgery. We aimed to present the management of a case with pancreatic anaplastic carcinoma in which a mass detected at the head of the pancreas and was performed “Whipple” procedure.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis of the cutaneous malignant melanoma: A report of very unusual case and review of the literature
Authors: KÖMÜRCÜ KARUSERCİ Özge , SUCU Seyhun , ÖĞÜT Betül , ERKILIÇ Suna , BALAT Özcan
Published: December 2019

Peritoneal carcinomatosis of the cutaneous malignant melanoma is an extremely rare condition. This is the fourth such case of the metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis of the ovary.
Diverticular disease and endometriosis of the vermiform appendix: A unique combination
Authors: EKİNCİ Neşe , ALTINDAĞ Sultan Deniz , AVCI Arzu , GÜR Emine Özlem
Published: December 2019

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Appendiceal endometriosis, which is very rare, may have nonspecific presentation such as chronic pelvic pain, but sometimes it can masquerade clinically as acute appendicitis. Also appendiceal diverticulum may be congenital or acquired and is an infrequently encountered lesion. They are often asymptomatic but when diverticulitis or perforation develops, it may clinically mimic acute abdomen of acute suppurative appendicitis. Herein we report a case with a unique combination of appendiceal diverticulosis and endometriosis in a 39-year-old woman that was diagnosed preoperatively as acute appendicitis.
Tales from the field: reflections on four decades of ethnography
Authors: Adler Patricia , Adler Peter
Published: December 2019

Drawing on careers spanning over 35 years in the field of ethnography, we reflect on the research in which we’ve engaged and how the practice and epistemology of ethnography has evolved over this period. We begin by addressing the problematic nature of ethical issues in conducting qualitative research, highlighting the non-uniform nature of standards, the difficulty of applying mainstream or medical criteria to field research, and the issues raised by the new area of cyber research, drawing particularly on our recent cyberethnography of self-injury. We then discuss the challenge of engagement, highlighting pulls that draw ethnographers between the ideals of involvement and objectivity. Finally, we address the challenges and changing landscapes of qualitative analysis, and how its practice and legitimation are impacted by contemporary trends in sociology. We conclude by discussing how epistemological decisions in the field of qualitative research are framed in political, ethical, and disciplinary struggles over disciplinary hegemony.
Balancing between discourses of pathology and normality: biographical practice of autoaggression. The case of self-harm
Authors: Mikhaylova Oxana R.
Published: December 2019

In this article, the construction of the biographical identity of self-harmer who belongs to the online self-injurers community in Russian social network “Vkontakte” is analyzed. We applied a poststructuralist sociological approach to self-harm, this supposed viewing self-injury as a center of discursive struggles between different social actors and institutions. Our goal was to understand how self-harming person positions herself concerning diverse cultural discourses. We wanted to identify not only the patterns of biographical work but also the place of self-mutilation in the narrative. Before the interview we analyzed the discourse of the online community to which the informant belonged, we based our guide on the literature review and the results of discourse analysis. The sequential and thematic analyses were employed to investigate the interview data. As a result of our analysis, we identified the existence of normalizing and pathologizing discourses in the narrative and the ability of discursive influence to be differently included in the narrative (on the language and logic levels). Furthermore, we came up with methodological suggestions for further studies of the Russian online self-harm communities. The discussion of the biographical structure of self-harmer and the self-injury representations in it could become part of the discussion on the status of online mental health communities that exists among social scientists. This article also helps to illustrate the ability to combine the sociological and psychological optics in the studies of mental health.
To see the invisible: In search of local identity of Yasenevo area in Moscow
Authors: Alarushkina Suraya A. , Borisov Andrey A. , Voronina Anna A. , Gladun Polina I. , Grishunov Evgeny L. , Ziatdinova Saida G. , Kveladze Maria G. , Kiryukhin Denis N. , Mitin Ivan I. , Mikhaylov Alexander A. , Fatekhova Alsu Kh. , Molodtsova Varvara A.
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of complex cultural geographical research of Yasenevo area in Moscow. The research was aimed at revealing an interconnected system of unique spatial representations of this typical distant urban residential area. The methods and approaches of urban planning analysis, statistical method of ‘regional syndrome’, historical and fiction texts’ analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews were combined together for data collection within the framework of the project, with one of the mental mapping methods (image-geographical maps) used to present the results of the study. As a result Yasenevo is represented as a ‘green’ area due to Bitsevsky park surrounding it and various small gardens and groves in the yards. It is important to mention, Yasenevo is a compact and clearly isolated area, separated by the green areas from the surroundings. It has a specific urban planning and architectural structure dating back to Soviet modernism with peculiar semicircular buildings and streets, spacious avenues and green areas inside the separated cozy quarters (‘states’). Yasenevo is imagined as a ‘young’ area. However this vision co-exists with the historical heritage of preserved and ruined former noble estates and Soviet modernism blocks. Those unique features of Yasenevo are regarded as the basics of currently only partial local identity formation, on the one hand, and as the identifiers of potential organic (identity-based) place branding, on the other hand.
Activism in the Worldview of Russians
Authors: Sedova Natalia N.
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the social phenomenon of “self-sufficiency” and the development of the “activist” type of worldview of Russians. The authors call self-sufficiency the ability of people (according to self-assessment) to live and provide for themselves, relying only on their own strength, without the help of the state. Attribution to the “activist” type of worldview is based on the installation of self-sufficiency, active defense of their interests, search and development of new (initiative, enterprise). The “ activist “type is analyzed in comparison with the passivist” type (it is based on the attitudes towards dependence / assistance of the state, adaptation to reality, conservatism / adherence to customs, traditions).

The empirical base of the article is the data of a nationwide representative surveys FNESC Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly the Institute of sociology, RAS) carried out in 2005-2019 years.

The objectives of the study were to analyze the dynamics of attitudes to self-sufficiency and activist type of worldview, to clarify the social base of their carriers, to confirm the previously made conclusions about the socially significant transformative potential of the carriers of these attitudes. The authors analyzed the perception of the carriers of “activist” attitudes of priorities in the qualities of people, values of personal and public good, attitude to work in the context of life success and traditional morality, priorities in the development of the country.

The scrapping in 2018 of the previously identified trend for the growth of attitudes to “selfsufficiency” and active protection of their rights was noted. The change in dynamics is associated with pension reform. The development of the Self-oriented model of the worldview is fixed, when the private life of a person comes to the fore, and interaction with the surrounding world turns out to be rather on the periphery of interests. There is an increase in alienation from the state, the formation of tolerance for deviation from traditional morality in order to achieve success, while at the same time the demand for working formal rules, for life according to the law, and not “according to concepts”.
Deep Poverty in Russia: The Specifics of the Objective and Subjective Poor and Their Requests for Social Policy
Authors: Slobodenyuk Ekaterina D.
Published: December 2019

The paper focuses on the Russian poor. Based on the fact revealed in previous studies that severe chronic poverty is characterized by concomitant psycho-emotional deprivation, the author focuses not only on monetary poverty (using the relative income-based approach to group allocation for this purpose), but also subjective one (distinguished through non-monetary indicators). Based on the research database of the the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2018), the author comes to the conclusion that the most negative perception of the position in society is not a characteristic of the financiallypoorest Russians, i.e. the focus of social tension is not concentrated in the zone of deep monetary poverty. While objective (monetary) deep poverty is formed as a result of high dependent burdens and failures of local labor markets, deep subjective poverty is dictated by different reasons – the inaccessibility of the necessary medical support for pensioners with serious health problems, the presence of relatives in the household who are addicted to bad habits, precarious nature of the occupied employment positions. The delimitation of groups and the varying nature of the factors of their formation leads the author to the conclusion that identifying the recipients of social policy solely on the basis of information about the financial situation of households does not allow reaching the part of the poor population where a hotbed of social tension is forming. Based on the identified characteristics of groups, as well as the requests of their representatives for certain measures of social policy, the article proposes a number of measures to reduce the severity of objective and subjective poverty.
The Organizational and Methodological Aspects of Remotely Researching the Issues Arising from the Digital Transformation of Regions with Different Levels of Social and Cultural Modernization. Part I
Authors: Bogdanov Vladimir S.
Published: December 2019

This is the first part of an article that will discuss digital transformation issues in Russian regions that differ by social and cultural modernization level, as well as the population’s willingness to accept digital transformation in life and at work. Today’s main digital transformation tools and regulators are regional governance systems, along with the relevant official bodies that are responsible for the design and implementation of strategic solutions for territorial development. In response to the associated issues, we interviewed experts in 17 Russian regions that differ by the aforementioned modernization level. We used the data collected during the interviews to: determine how prepared the regional organizations and enterprises are for digital transformation; evaluate the resources currently available for “breakthrough projects”; discover the public attitude towards the introduction of the Russian Federation Digital Economy national project. The article focuses on the research rationales and cognitive procedures that have been developed for the purposes of management sociology, and applies them to studying the issues that arise out of digital transformation and the introduction of “smart” governance on the regional level, based on the optimization of digital transformation through the involvement of the so-called stakeholders — specially assembled activist teams that contribute to the controlled implementation of digital technology in the region in a variety of ways, from research to applied solutions.
Creating the Opportunity and Ability to Shape the Future: A Social and Cultural Response to the Challenges of Modern Education
Authors: Len’kov Roman V. , Patsula Andrey V.
Published: December 2019

This study is highly relevant today, as it responds to the need for a social and cultural strategy aimed at a systemic education overhaul in Russia, which would guarantee a high-quality education, boost the domestic economy, and help improve community life, culture, and overall well-being in the country. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is a critical analysis of the Club of Rome model and the New Enlightenment concept, representing future literacy. The core idea of our study is to propose an original alternative to the Club of Rome model, which differs from the latter and promotes the concept of providing students with the opportunity and ability to shape their future. We based this paper on systemic comparative practices and the retrospective method, which allowed us to single out and evaluate different viewpoints on the objectives, means, and forms of modernizing secondary and tertiary professional education in Russia and abroad, as well as set the methodological criteria for evaluating the role of education in society’s social and cultural development. We interpret the key components of changing the education paradigm by using an original content model, with adjustments for the criteria that we are profiling. The paper’s approach reveals the obstacles on the path towards developing Russian education, as well as the ways of overcoming them. The research is practice-oriented, and its results will address the needs of experts working for government authorities on a national and local level, and secondary and tertiary educational institutions, as well as experts on forecasting, introducing, and promoting digital technology (IT), and the creators of teaching methodologies and education process managers.
The Level of Education and Cultural Capital as Migration Factors (Based on People Living in the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Turakaev Marsel S.
Published: December 2019

This paper highlights the link between education status and cultural capital, on the one hand, and migration likelihood, on the other hand. The conclusions are based on two surveys of respondents living the Republic of Bashkortostan. The desire to continue one’s education and the dissatisfaction with one’s current education level are among the key factors that drive the local population to change their permanent place of residence. Cultural capital, in turn, is viewed through the prism of skills and knowledge, everyday leisure practices, and values. For instance, the greater a group’s computer and Internet literacy, the higher the share of people who are ready to permanently move to a different place. Those locals who express their readiness to migrate are generally younger; they tend to spend their free time online, acquire self-taught skills, pursue creative hobbies and sports etc. They value life-long learning, independence, initiative, and a desire for change, and plan their future a long way in advance. By contrast, respondents who do not plan to migrate tend to prefer traditional pastimes and practices: gardening, watching television, reading newspapers, going to church or mosque, performing home repairs etc.
Reducing Legalization Expenses as a Topic in Russian-Speaking Migrant Online Communities
Authors: Timoshkin Dmitry O.
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the texts posted in migrant groups in social networks, on forums and YouTube-channels. It is hypothesized that legalization in a host country becomes a common and crucial topic for migrant groups: the potential trajectories of users’ moving to a city or a country, as well as the tactics of their integration into the host community, may depend on how legality is defined in a particular migrantgroup. Legalization is often defined by users as a meaningless, humiliating and tedious procedure, which is more of a ritual nature than of any practical significance, recalling the rite of passage. The article suggests that the ritual nature of the migrant legalization procedure leads to the fact that many of them are looking for ways to avoid it even at the initial stage of their migration process, using the Internet community as a tool to reduce the expenses associated with attaining legality. The selection of the material and its subsequent analysis was carried out with the help of digital ethnography, namely — online observation.
Extracurricular Physical Activity and Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents
Authors: Khodorenko Daria K. , Titkova Vera V.
Published: December 2019

This article is focused on the connection between extracurricular sports and alcohol consumption among students in vocational schools (VS). Data collected in 2014 contains information on engagement in individual and team sports and frequency of alcohol consumption by students from vocational schools in St.-Petersburg (29 schools, 2935 students, 77% of them being boys with an average age of 17). Analysis with logistic regressions demonstrates that the effect of extra-curricular sports on drinking is rather low. The main conclusions are: (1) patterns of alcohol consumption are different for boys and girls; (2) team sports are positively related to frequency of drinking; (3) there are no gender differences in the relations between team sports and drinking; and (4) reaching the legal drinking age (18 years old) is more strongly associated with drinking than engaging in team sports. Future studies of adolescent risk behavior are necessary to understand whether these results are unique for extracurricular sports activities or common for all extracurricular activities which involve teams.
ÇAPRAZLANMIŞ MODÜLLERİN HOMOLOJİLERİ ÜZERİNE HESAPLAMALAR
Authors: ASLAN Ahmet Faruk
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışmada GAP kullanılarak belirli koşullar altında çaprazlanmış modüllerin
sınıflandırılması yapılmıştır.
The Core of the Esssence of Humans of Pancasila According to Notonagoro: Autonomous and Responsible
Authors: Pardosi Milton Thorman , Maharani Septiana Dwiputri , Munir Misnal
Published: December 2019

Humans are different from plants and animals for humans have reason, mind, taste and soul. Many thoughts have arisen regarding humans in philosophy. One of them is Notonagoro’s philosophical thinking that based on Pancasila. Two issues discussed were: what is the essence of humans of Pancasila according to Notonagoro and what is the core of the essence of humans of Pancasila according to Notonagoro. There are three essence of humans of Pancasila according to Notonagoro. They are three monopluralis of humans natures of Pancasila. Each of its consists of two elements. The three natures are: natural structure (susunan kodrat [elements: body and soul]), natural attribute (sifat kodrat [elements: individual beings and social beings]) and natural position (kedudukan kodrat [elements: independent beings and God’s creatures]). These three natures must be kept in balance even though in the context of society, nation and state, three elements such as: soul, social beings and God’s creatures take precedence. These three natures are centered in the soul which produces four godly characters (wisdom, simplicity, determination and justice). The three natures of humans of Pancasila according to Notonagoro can be abstracted into two core: “Autonomous” and “Responsible.” Autonomous of humans of Pancasila includes three elements: body, individual beings and independent beings. Humans have freedom in developing these three elements, but, the freedom itself is not fully independent because humans are bound to the soul with its four godly characters. While responsible includes three other elements: soul, social beings and God’s creatures. Humans have responsibilities both socially (law, ethics, norms, customs) and spiritually (God’s creatures).
Discovery and Development of Safe-in-Man Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents
Authors: Andersen Petter I. , Ianevski Aleksandr , Lysvand Hilde , Vitkauskiene Astra , Oksenych Valentyn , Bjoras Magnar , Telling Kaidi , Lutsar Irja , Dumpis Uga , Irie Yasuhiko , Tenson Tanel , Kantele Anu , Kainov Denis E.
Published: December 2019

Viral diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Virus-specific vaccines and antiviral drugs are the most powerful tools to combat viral diseases. However, broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAAs) could provide additional protection of general population from emerging and re-emerging viral diseases reinforcing the arsenal of available antiviral options. Here, we reviewed development process of BSAAs and summarized the information on 119 safe-in-man agents in freely accessible database (https://drugvirus.info/). The number of BSAAs will be increased, their developmental status will be updated, spectrum of their indications will be expanded, as well as BSAA combinations will be approved pending the results of further pre-clinical and clinical studies.
EEG Signal Classification: An Application to the Emotion Related Brain Anticipatory Activity
Authors: Bilucaglia Marco , Duma Gian Marco , Mento Giovanni , Semenzato Luca , Tressoldi Patrizio
Published: December 2019

Machine Learning (ML) approaches have been fruitfully applied to several classification problems of neurophysiological activity. Considering the relevance of emotion in human cognition and behaviour, ML found an important application field in emotion identification based on neurophysiological activity. Nonetheless, the literature results present a high variability depending on the neuronal activity measurement, the signal features and the classifier type. The present work aims to provide new methodological insight on ML applied to emotion identification based on electrophysiological brain activity. For this reason, we recorded EEG activity while emotional stimuli, high and low arousal (auditory and visual) were provided to a group of healthy participants. Our target signal to classify was the pre-stimulus onset brain activity. Classification performance of three different classifiers (LDA, SVM and kNN) was compared using both spectral and temporal features. Furthermore, we also contrasted the classifiers performance with static and dynamic (time evolving) features. The results show a clear increased in classification accuracy with temporal dynamic features. In particular, the SVM classifiers with temporal features showed the best accuracy (63.8 %) in classifying high vs. low arousal auditory stimuli.
Risk Assessment of Possible Impacts of Climate Change and Irrigation on Wheat Yield and Quality
Authors: Liu Jianchao , Yao Wenbin , Peng Zhanglin , Wang Hangjun
Published: December 2019

The effects of climate change on yield and quality for different climate regions had high uncertainty. Risk assessment is an effective measure to assess the seriousness of the projected impacts for decision-makers. The modified quality model was used to simulate integrated impacts of climate change, environment and management on wheat yield and quality. Then, the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) was used to forecast the daily meteorological data, and Statistical Down Scaling Model was used for downscaling. CERES-Wheat was combined with the forecasted meteorological data to simulate the future wheat yield and grain protein concentration (GPC). The risk of wheat yield and quality in three climatic regions of Shaanxi combined with two climate change scenarios of CanESM2 were assessed. Temperature increased 0.22-3.34 °C and precipitation increased 10-60 mm for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Elevated temperature and precipitation had positive effects on yield in all regions. The yield risk of most regions with climate change decreased 3.8%-25.1%. The GPC risk of all regions with climate change decreased 7.3%-27.2%. Irrigation decreased yield risk greatly in all regions, while had totally different effects for the three climatic regions. Yield risk with irrigation decreased 37.7%-52.1% in different climate. In contrast to previous studies, GPC risk with irrigation increased greatly 25.8%-28.9% in humid region, 3.9%-8.8% in sub-humid region, and decreased 37.7%-52.1% in semi-arid region. Climate change decreased yield risk and GPC risk together. While irrigation decreased yield risk greatly in all regions, had totally different effects for the three climatic regions.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus Helveticus D75 and D76 Confirms Safety and Probiotic Potential
Authors: Toropov Vyacheslav , Demyanova Elena , Shalaeva Olga , Sitkin Stanislav , Vakhitov Timur
Published: December 2019

Whole-genome DNA sequencing of Lactobacillus D75 and D76 strains (Vitaflor, Russia) was performed using the PacBio RS II platform, followed by de novo assembly with SMRT Portal 2.3.0. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) test showed that both strains belong to the Lactobacillus helveticus, but not the L. acidophilus as previously assumed. 31 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production genes (nine of which form a single genetic cluster), 13 adhesion genes, 38 milk protein and 11 milk sugar utilization genes, 13 genes for and against specific antagonistic activity, aight antibiotic resistance genes, and also three CRISPR blocks and eight Cas I-B system genes were identified in the genomes of the both strains. The expression of some genes was confirmed. In fact, the presence of identified genes suggests that L. helveticus D75 and D76 are able to form biofilms on the outer mucin layer, inhibit the growth of pathogens and pathobionts, utilize milk substrates with the formation of digestible milk sugars and bioactive peptides, resist bacteriophages and show some genome-determined resistance to antibiotics, stimulate the host’s immune system. Pathogenicity genes have not been identified. The study results confirm the safety and high probiotic potential of the strains.
PENGARUH KONSEP DIRI, PENGALAMAN, DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN PESERTA DIDIK DI LEMBAGA KURSUS DAN PELATIHAN
Authors: Puspita Rayi Hendra
Published: December 2019

Persaingan di dunia kerja semakin ketat, sehingga angka pengangguran yang berasal dari lulusan sekolah formal di Indonesia cukup tinggi. Untuk dapat bertahan dalam persaingan dibutuhkan keterampilan tambahan. Keterampilan tersebut berupa keterampilan hidup (life skill) yang dapat diperoleh pada pendidikan non formal. Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan (LPK), termasuk LPK Melati, menyelenggarakan pendidikan nonformal pada bidang tata busana atau menjahit. Penerapan metode pembelajaran dengan benar akan memberikan hasil berupa kompetensi kewirausahaan yang dapat digunakan untuk menjadi wirausaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari konsep diri, pengalaman, dan motivasi terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan peserta didik. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan mix method yang menggabungkan antara data kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner dan wawancara. Hasil data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier SPSS 25. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil yang positif pada pengaruh konsep diri, pengalaman, dan motivasi terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan.
PENGUATAN NILAI KEHIDUPAN KADER DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI KARAWITAN BERBASIS LAGU DOLANAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT JAWA
Authors: Pamungkas Joko , Syamsudin Amir , Hartati Sofia
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan memberdayakan kader PAUD/PKK dalam membangun kebersamaan kelompok melalui tindakan pelatihan karawitan berbasis lagu dolanan tradisional Jawa agar terjadi penguatan nilai-nilai kehidupan pada kader PAUD di Kelurahan Caturtunggal Kecamatan Depok Sleman. Subjek penelitian adalah kader PAUD/PKK sebanyak 35 orang, dengan pilihan metode penelitian  tindakan kelompok kader PAUD/PKK (participation action research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan pelatihan karawitan dapat menanamkan nilai-nilai kehidupan seperti kerjasama, disiplin, tanggungjawab, percaya diri, toleransi, saling berbagi pengalaman, saling menolong, dan saling menghargai satu sama lain.
PROGRAM INDONESIA SEHAT BERBASIS KELUARGA: KONTRIBUSI MODAL SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Maulidia Rohmah , Hidayati Kurnia
Published: December 2019

Tulisan ini mendiskusikan peran dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGS), khususnya pembangunan kesehatan dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya manusia dan modal sosial yang dimiliki. Tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, masyarakat desa dan petugas kesehatan saling mempertahankan kerjasama dalam bentuk kegiatan program rutin dan pendirian lembaga kesehatan desa. Kemampuan dan nilai-nilai yang dimiliki masyarakat dan peran perangkat desa dapat menjadi faktor kunci keberhasilan. Adanya tolong menolong, rasa saling percaya (trust), dan norma yang ditaati merupakan merupakan modal dalam mengatasi persoalan kesehatan. Meski mampu mengatasi persoalan kesehatan, namun faktanya masih menyisakan persoalan. [This paper discusses the role and community participation in sustainable development (SDGS), especially health development by utilizing human resources and social capital owned. Religious leaders, community leaders, village communities and health workers maintain mutual bonding in the form of routine program activities and the establishment of village health institutions. The abilities and values of the community and the role of the village apparatus can be the key success factors. The existence of help, mutual trust, and adhered norms are social capital in overcoming health problems. Although able to overcome health problems, the fact the problem still remains]
Genome-wide analysis of RopGEF gene family to identify genes contributing to pollen tube growth in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Kim Eui-Jung , Park Sung-Wook , Hong Woo-Jong , Silva Jeniffer , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing , Kim Yu-jin , Jung Ki-Hong
Published: December 2019

Background : In plants, the key roles played by RopGEF-mediated ROP signaling in diverse processes, including polar tip growth, have been identified. Despite their important roles in reproduction, a comprehensive analysis of RopGEF members has not yet been performed in rice ( Oryza sativa ). To determine whether RopGEF regulators are involved in rice pollen tube growth, we performed genome-wide analysis of this family in rice. Results : Phylogenomic and meta-expression analysis of eleven RopGEFs in rice showed that four genes were preferentially expressed in mature pollen. These four genes contain the plant-specific Rop nucleotide exchanger (PRONE) domain and possible phosphorylated residues, suggesting a conserved role in polar tip growth with Arabidopsis thaliana . In subcellular localization analysis of the four RopGEFs through tobacco ( Nicotiana benthamiana ) infiltration, four proteins were predominantly identified in plasma membrane. Moreover, double mutants of RopGEF2/8 exhibited reduced pollen germination, causing partial male sterility. These genes possess unique cis-acting elements in their promoters compared with the other RopGEF genes. Conclusions : In this study, four RopGEF genes were identified as pollen-specific gene in eleven members of rice, and the expression pattern, promoter analysis, and evolutionary relationship of the RopGEF family were studied compared with Arabidopsis. Our study indicated that four RopGEF genes might function during pollen germination in distinct subcellular localization. Our study could provide valuable information on the functional study of RopGEF in rice.
Implementation of the FilmArray ME panel in laboratory routine using a simple sample selection strategy for diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis
Authors: Pfefferle Susanne , Christner Martin , Aepfelbacher Martin , Lütgehetmann Marc , Rohde Holger
Published: December 2019

Background: Infectious meningitis is a serious disease and patient outcome relies on fast and reliable diagnostics. A syndromic panel testing approach like the FilmArray ME can accelerate diagnosis and therefore decrease the time to pathogen specific therapy. Yet, its clinical utility is controversial, mainly because of a remaining uncertainty in correct interpretation of results, limited data on its performance on clinical specimens and its relatively high costs. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical performance of the assay in a real life setting at a tertiary university hospital using a pragmatic and simple sample selection strategy to reduce the overall cost burden. Methods: Over a period of 18 months we received 4,623 CSF samples (2,338 hospitalizations, 1,601 individuals). FilmArray ME analysis was restricted to CSF-samples with a high pretest probability of infectious meningitis, e.g. conspicuous positive Gram-stain, samples in which leukocytes and/or bacteria were evident or urgent suspicion of infection was communicated by clinicians. N=171 samples matched to our risk criteria and were subjected to FilmArray ME analysis. Those samples were also analyzed by reference methods: culture only (n=45), PCR only (n=20) or both methods (n=106). Results: 56/171 (32.75 %) were FilmArray ME positive. Bacterial pathogens were detected in 30/56 (53.57 %), viral pathogens were detected in 27/56 (48.21 %) and yeast DNA was detected in 1/56 (1.79 %) of positive samples. Double detection occurred in 2/56 samples. In 52/56 (92.86 %) FilmArray ME positive samples, results could be confirmed by the reference assays (sensitivity=96.30%, specificity =96.58%).
Conclusion: The FilmArray ME assay is a fast and reliable diagnostic tool for the management of infectious meningitis and can easily be implemented in routine diagnostic workflows. However, correlation of test results and underlying clinical symptoms requires experienced users and the awareness of potentially false negative or false positive results. Moreover, considering the need for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the use of molecular tests as a stand-alone diagnostic cannot be recommended.
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α reduces lipid droplets by upregulating neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 in macrophages
Authors: MATSUOKA Hiroshi , TOKUNAGA Riki , KATAYAMA Miyu , HOSODA Yuichiro , MIYA Kaoruko , SUMI Kento , OHISHI Ami , KAMISHIKIRYO Jun , SHIMA Akiho , MICHIHARA Akihiro
Published: December 2019

Background: Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cholesterol ester (CE) in macrophages. Genetic ablation of NCEH1 promotes CE-laden macrophages and the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Dysregulation of NCEH1 levels is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis; however, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms regulating NCEH1. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα)-deficient mice exhibit several phenotypes indicative of aberrant lipid metabolism, including dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Results: In this study, inhibition of lipid droplet formation by RORα positively regulated NCEH1 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages. In mammals, the NCEH1 promoter region was found to harbor putative RORα response elements (ROREs). Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays showed that RORα binds and responds to ROREs in human NCEH1. Moreover, NCEH1 was upregulated through RORα via a phorbol myristate acetate-dependent mechanism during macrophage differentiation from THP1 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RORα significantly downregulated NCEH1 and inhibited lipid droplet formation in human hepatoma cells. In contrast, NCEH1 was induced by treatment with RORα agonists. Conclusion: These data strongly suggested that NCEH1 is a direct RORα target, defining potential new roles for RORα in the inhibition of lipid droplet formation through NCEH1. Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol ester, Lipid droplet, Macrophage, Transcriptional regulation, Nuclear receptor, RORα, NCEH1
Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) profile of HIV-infected subjects attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ekere Ekerette Friday , Useh Monday F. , Okoroiwu Henshaw Uchechi , Mirabeau Tatfeng Youtchou
Published: December 2019

Background Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 is the main HIV co-receptor involved in the virus and cell-to-cell spread. A variant of the CCR5 gene known as CCR5-Δ32 which is a product of 32 base pair deletion in the gene plays critical role in the infection and progression to AIDS. The study was done to determine the CCR5 genotype of HIV-infected subjects attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Methods A total of 100 subjects attending HIV clinic, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were purposively recruited for this study. DNA was extracted from each sample using the quick gDNA miniprep DNA extraction kit. Polymerase chain reaction was used in amplification of CCR5 gene in each DNA in a 9700 ABI Thermo cycler and then resolved on 4% agarose gel electrophoresis. Result Out of the 100 samples assessed, 100 (100%) were homozygous for the CCR5 wild type gene (CCR5-wt), while none (0%) was homozygous for the CCR5-Δ32 (mutant type), and heterozygosity was not observed. Conclusion This study observed absence of CCR5-Δ32 deletion gene among the studied subjects in Calabar. This implies lack of genetic advantage in HIV infection and possible rapid progression towards AIDS if other precautions are not checked.
General practitioners’ views on use of patient reported outcome measures in primary care: a cross-sectional survey and qualitative study
Authors: Author) Grace M Turner(Former Corresponding , Author) Ian Litchfield(New Corresponding , Finnikin Sam , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Calvert Melanie
Published: December 2019

Background Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to assess impact of disease and treatment on quality of life and symptoms; however, their use in primary care is fragmented. We aimed to understand how PROMs are currently being used in primary care, the barriers and facilitators of this use and if appropriate how it might be optimised.Methods Cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews among general practitioners (GPs) in England. GPs’ opinions were explored using an electronic, self-completed questionnaire disseminated to 100 GPs via an online doctors’ community and semi-structured qualitative interviews with 25 GPs.Results Most GPs surveyed (77/100; 77%) reported using one or more PROM, primarily to aid clinical management (n=66) or as screening/diagnostic tools (n=62). Qualitative interviews highlighted challenges in identifying and selecting PROMs; however, some GPs valued PROMs for shared decision making and to direct patient discussions. The interviews identified key barriers to PROM use including: time constraints; insufficient knowledge; lack of integration into clinical systems; and PROMs being mandated without consultation or explanation. Evidence of the benefit of PROMs is required to promote uptake and use of PROMs in primary care.Conclusion Implementation of PROMs in primary care requires integration with clinical systems, a bottom-up approach to PROM selection and system design involving meaningful consultation with patients and primary care clinicians and training/support for use.