bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection parasites of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Yusni Eri , Handayani Luvi Syafrida
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify ectoparasites and their prevalence infecting Rastrelliger kanagurta in North Sumatera, Medan. So far, people use this fish as a processed product. The method used in this study is a survey method with direct collection at the research site. Samples were taken using random sampling technique. Sampling was carried out in five places in Belawan with the number of samples studied as many as 30 individuals with an average length of 25.3 cm and a weight of 193.7 grams. Identification was carried out in a laboratory using a light microscope at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra. The results of this study found seven types of parasites that infect the surface in the muscles, fins and gills. The parasites found in their respective prevalence were infected Dactylogyrus sp. 13.33% was found in muscus, Austrobdella sp. 30% found in fin. While the parasites found in the gills were Zoothamnium sp as much as 6.67%, Diphyllobothrium sp as much as 16.67%, Rhadinorynchus sp. 53.33%, Camallanus sp. 20% and Anisakis sp. 3.33%. Rhadinorynchus sp. is the parasite with the highest prevalence rate, found on the scales, gills and fins respectively of mackerel.
Identificaton of grouper parasites (Epinephelus coioides) in Talawi District, Batubara Regency
Authors: Rumondang Rumondang , Harmayani Harmayani , Manurung Heri Prasuhandra , Putri Adlidar , Sari Ingka
Published: January 2023

Batu Bara Regency is a region with abundant natural resources, one of which is the cultivation of grouper fish. Grouper is a member of the Serranidae family of coral reef fish. Many groupers are raised in ponds, which makes them susceptible to disease due to environmental and dietary factors that are not adapted to grouper fish, which is a native species. Parasites are one of the grouper-infecting diseases that, if left untreated, can result in mass mortality and harm farmers. The aim of this study was to identify parasites in ponds in Mesjid Lama Village, Talawi District, so that it would be easier to determine the type of parasite, its level of attack, and subsequent efforts to eradicate it. This research employs a sampling technique, specifically a random sampling of orange-spotted grouper. The results of the performed analysis include analyses of both ectoparasites and endoparasites. Several types of ectoparasites were identified, including Cryptocaryon irritans, Pseudorhabdosynochus sp, Benedenia epinepheli, and Caligus sp, while Prosorynchus sp was identified as the endoparasite. The most prevalent parasite found in the fish is Cryptocaryon irritans.Keywords: EndoparasiteParasitesGrouper
Trophic status analysis and estimation of fish production in Aneuk Laot Lake aquatic resources management, Sabang City
Authors: Nurfadillah Nurfadillah , Dewiyanti Irma , Rahayu Sri Riska , Sari Siswani , Karina Indri , Hasfiandi Hasfiandi
Published: January 2023

Aneuk Laot Lake is located in Sabang City, Weh Island, Aceh Province. Changes in water quality can affect the life of aquatic organisms found in Aneuk Laot Lake. The purpose of this research estimates fish production and trophic status for the aquatic resource management of Aneuk Laot Lake, Sabang. This research was conducted in September 2019 in Lake Aneuk Laot using the TRIX, TSI (Trophic State Index) and Nygaard index methods to determine fish production and trophic status. Observation stations were determined using stratified random sampling method and analysis of chlorophyll-a was done using the Trichomatic method. The results showed that the waters of Aneuk Laot Lake can be categorized as eutrophic to hypereutrophic. The estimated value of fish production in Aneuk Laot Lake based on the chlorophyll-a approach is 109.84 kg/ha/year, with a lake area of 61.6 ha. Water quality parameters are still in a state that can be tolerated by aquatic organisms in Aneuk Laot Lake.Keywords:Fish production potential Water qualityTRIX indexBiomass productionWater productivity
Reducing ammonia levels in catfish cultivation water using several aquatic plants
Authors: Mustaqim Mustaqim , Mustasar Mutasar , Akmal Yusrizal , Wahyuni Mida , Fajri T. Irfan , Ritaqwin Zaitun
Published: January 2023

Catfish farming is one of the businesses that is very much in demand by the community, because it can improve the community's economy. However, not all catfish farming businesses can produce maximum results. This can be caused by several factors, both from feed, management and water quality. Decrease in water quality can be caused by feces and fish feed residue. Poor water quality can cause the growth process, physiology and level of fish behavior to be disturbed. Efforts that can be done is to use aquatic plants as phytoremediation. The plants used in this study were Azolla sp, Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna sp, Ipomoea aquatic. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study were ammonia levels, pH, and plant population. The results showed that Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna sp were able to reduce ammonia levels in catfish cultured water by 0.01 mg/l at the end of the study.Keywords:AmmoniaWater plantsCatfish
The effect of cryoprotectant on the viability and motility of goldfish Carassius aurtus sperm after 48 hours refrigerated
Authors: Nurlaili Nurlaili , Salma Itsnatani , Eriani Kartini , Maulida Siti , Muchlisin Zainal Abidin
Published: January 2023

The principle of sperm preservation is to prolong the viability of spermatozoa by reducing the degree of metabolism during storage at low temperatures, and one method involved was a cryoprotectant as a sperm protector. This study aimed to determine the best type of cryoprotectant for refrigeration storage of goldfish Carrasius auratus sperm. A completely randomized design was used, and five types of cryoprotectant were tested, namely Methanol, Ethanol, Ethylene Glycol, Glycerol, and DMSO at a 10% concentration combined with 15% egg yolks. The sperm was diluted with Ringer’s solution and stored at 4⁰C for 48 hours. The ANOVA test revealed that cryoprotectant significantly affected the motility and viability of sperm after 48 hours of refrigeration (P0.05). The results showed that 10% DMSO combined with 15% egg yolk could maintain sperm motility and viability better than other treatments, with values of 85.80% and 86.50%, respectively, which were significantly different from the other treatments. Glycerol produced the second-best sperm quality with motility and viability values of 71.13% and 74.13%, respectively. Therefore, DMSO is the most effective cryoprotectant for refrigeration storage of goldfish sperm.
Antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Holothuria atra extract
Authors: Irwan Irwan , Ramadhaniaty Mutia , Nurliza Eli
Published: January 2023

Sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) was used as a reducing and capping agent in the green synthesis process to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The antioxidant activity of the generated silver nanoparticles was then evaluated. Seacucumber extract was mixed with the AgNO3 solution and homogenized using a magnetic stirrer to create the silver nanoparticles. It was determined that silver nanoparticle production had occurred using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Before being examined for antioxidant activity, the generated nanoparticles were first given a characterizing using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometers. The maximum uptake was obtained at wavelengths of 440 cm-1 using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Functional groups that play a role in the synthesis of nanoparticles were -OH- C=O, and –C-O groups. The free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an absorbance maximum (517 nm) was used for antioxidant properties. The antioxidant assay showed that Silver nanoparticles had higher antioxidant activity than sea cucumber extract alone, with an IC50 value of 4 ppm.Keywords:AntioxidantSeacucumberGreen SynthesisSilver NanoparticlesDPPH
Analysis of changes in mangrove ecosystems in Banda Aceh city 17 years after the 2004 tsunami
Authors: Gogo Maulana , Abdullah Faisal , Syahreza Saumi , Budi Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Mangrove has the most important role especially in the coastal area. The existence of mangrove habitats in Banda Aceh which got decreasing and loss after tsunami disaster in 2004. The purpose of this study was to the distribution of mangrove in Banda Aceh divided into five (5) sub districts including Jaya Baru, Kuta Alam, KutaRaja, Meuraxa, and Syiah Kuala. This study the mangrove changes after tsunami 2004, began from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2022. The main data used in this study are Landsat 5 and Sentinel 2A images. Methods of image processing applied in this study are NDVI analysis and supervised classification-based image classification. Theresults are able to show the changes of mangrove area in Banda Aceh from 2004 to 2022. Mangrove area in 2005 is 28.89 ha, 2010 is 81.38 ha, 2015 is 180.27 ha, and 2022 is 121.34 ha. It can be seen that there is a decreasing of mangrove area from 2015 to 2022. The analysis results are also able to show that Kuta raja sub district has the largest mangrove area of 60.11 ha or 49.54 % of the overall area. According to the overall results, it can be said that remote sensing satellite images such as Landsat and Sentinel 2A are very useful in conducting the spatio-temporal research from the long-term periods. This study is hoped to be able to become a reference data in efforts to restore the mangrove in Banda Aceh in order to create the sustainable ecosystem area.Keywords:Mangrove ecosystemsRestorationNDVISupervised classificationSpatio temporal
Description scleractinian coral from Miang Island, East Kalimantan
Authors: Rosdianto Rosdianto , El Rahimi Sayyid Afdhal , Kryk Adrian , Arsad Sulastri , Luthfi Oktiyas Muzaky , Luthfi M Azurea Bahri
Published: January 2023

The exact number of coral species in Indonesia is not unclear yet, in 2002 the coral taxonomist, JEN Veron, stated 590 species, and it was supported by an Indonesian coral taxonomist, Suharsono, eight years later. The current coral species data is 605 but it is from Coral Triangle Region area (CT).  The eastern of Indonesia, which is located in the Coral Triangle Region, has received a lot of attention from coral researchers, due to coral species that have been described. On the other hand, the coral reef from the western part of Indonesia, including in the East Kalimantan, has not been explored much in recent times. Through the ecoregion view, E. Kalimantan region is clustered into ecoregion 43 (Sulu Sea) which has 540 coral species. Miang Island is one of the inhabited islands from E. Kalimantan, and has an unexplored coral reef ecosystem. The method had been used in this research is descriptive, which uses photos of live corals to describe colony characteristics corals. The results of the study have described 36 species of coral and several invertebrates that make up coral reefs on Miang Island.Keywords:Hard coralAcroporaPoritesIdentificationPulau Miang
Third place social infrastructure, after and in crisis: insights from a local case study
Authors: Bogue Kelly , Ouillon Sinead
Published: January 2023

Following the 2008 global financial crisis, Digital Fabrication Laboratories (Fab Labs) have become a common feature of the urban landscape in cities throughout Europe. An emerging body of literature suggests that Fab Labs go beyond providing access to digital fabrication tools, and function as ‘third places’ as they enhance social connectedness. Drawing on a case study of a Fab Lab in the English city of Coventry, this article utilises the concept of ‘austerity urbanism’ to understand the changing nature of third places in England since the 2008 global financial crash. In doing so, we argue that a confluence of austerity urbanism and digital advancements has influenced both the emergence of new third places (such as Fab Labs) while simultaneously undermining long-established third places (such as libraries). As a result, vital aspects of social infrastructure are being shaped and reshaped in the contemporary era. The article reflects on what these changes mean for individual and community well-being.
Three-wave differential locking scheme in a 12-m-perimeter large-scale passive laser gyroscope
Authors: Feng Xiaohua , Liu Kui , Chen Yuxuan , Zhang Haobo , Li Zongyang , Zhang Fenglei , Schreiber Karl Ulrich , Lu Zehuang , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2023

Large-scale laser gyroscopes with sufficiently high sensitivity for measurement of the rotation rate of the Earth

Ω
E

are inertial sensors with the capability to provide Earth orientation parameters, i.e., rotation rate and polar motion in near real time. Larger-scale passive resonant gyroscopes (PRGs) theoretically have a lower shot-noise limit. However, the cavity perimeter fluctuations and laser frequency noise become challenges in a passive gyro. In this paper, we introduce a three-wave differential locking scheme for large-scale PRGs, resulting in an in situ measurement of the cavity perimeter with nanometer resolution. Furthermore, the laser frequency noise is effectively suppressed with an additional gain of 30 dB by a double-stage locking system, based on the three-wave differential locking scheme. Finally, the rotation rate resolution of our

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m

×
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gyroscope improves to

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10

−
9

r
a
d

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over 200 s. The simplicity, robustness, and effectiveness of the locking scheme are important to the long-term operation of large-scale PRGs aiming for applications in the geosciences.
Influence of an applied electric field on the optical absorption of TCQDs of GaAs/AlxGa1 - xAs
Authors: Joonhuay Jirarut , van Dommelen Paphavee
Published: January 2023

We theoretically demonstrated the energy levels and wave functions of Tunnel-Coupled Quantum Dots of undoped GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs with various Al contents. The influence of applied electric fields on the energy levels and wave functions was investigated by applying a single-band effective mass approximation to the Schrödinger equation. The Stark effect induced shifts of energies that led to optimal absorption coefficients. TCQDs exhibited no significant change in the energy difference and matrix element between the ground state and first excited state, therefore absorption coefficients were the same at different lattice temperatures. The discovered study will be used to develop room-temperature optoelectronic devices.
Accurate quantitative phase imaging by differential phase contrast with partially coherent illumination: beyond weak object approximation
Authors: Fan Yao , Sun Jiasong , Shu Yefeng , Zhang Zeyu , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: January 2023

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) by differential phase contrast (DPC) with partially coherent illumination provides speckle-free imaging and lateral resolution beyond the coherent diffraction limit, demonstrating great potential in biomedical imaging applications. Generally, DPC employs weak object approximation to linearize the phase-to-intensity image formation, simplifying the solution to the phase retrieval as a two-dimensional deconvolution with the corresponding phase transfer function. Despite its widespread adoption, weak object approximation still lacks a precise and clear definition, suggesting that the accuracy of the QPI results, especially for samples with large phase values, is yet to be verified. In this paper, we analyze the weak object approximation condition quantitatively and explicitly give its strict definition that is applicable to arbitrary samples and illumination apertures. Furthermore, an iterative deconvolution QPI technique based on pseudo-weak object approximation is proposed to overcome the difficulty of applying DPC to large-phase samples without additional data acquisition. Experiments with standard microlens arrays and MCF-7 cells demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively extend DPC beyond weak object approximation to high-precision three-dimensional morphological characterization of large-phase technical and biological samples.
Scope of health worker migration governance and its impact on emigration intentions among skilled health workers in Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Kenneth , Shanthosh Janani , Adebayo Kudus Oluwatoyin , Peiris David , Joshi Rohina
Published: January 2023

The growing trends for skilled health worker (SHW) migration in Nigeria has led to increased concerns about achieving universal health coverage in the country. While a lot is known about drivers of SHW migration, including national/sub-national government’s inability to address them, not enough is known about its governance. Underpinning good governance systems is a commitment to human rights norms, that is, principles that enshrine non-discrimination, participation, accountability, and transparency. Hence, this study was aimed at deriving a conceptual framework that captures the scope of SHW migration governance in Nigeria and the extent to which it is human rights based. To describe the scope of SHW migration governance, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis and mapped our findings to themes derived from a qualitative analysis. We also did a multivariate analysis, examining how governance items are related to migration intentions of SHWs. The scope of SHW migration governance in Nigeria can be described across three levels: Constitutional—where policies about the economy and the health workforce are made and often poorly implemented; Collective—which responds to the governance vacuum at the constitutional level by promoting SHW migration or trying to mitigate its impact; Operational—individual SHWs who navigate the tension between the right to health, their right to fair remuneration, living/working conditions, and free movement. Examining these levels revealed opportunities for collaboration through stronger commitment to human right norms. In recognising their role as rights holders and duty bearers at various levels, citizens, health advocates, health workers, community groups and policy makers can work collaboratively towards addressing factors related to SHW migration. Further evidence is needed on how human rights norms can play a visible role in Nigeria’s governance system for SHW migration.
Aligning staff schedules, testing, and isolation reduces the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in carceral and other congregate settings: A simulation study
Authors: Hoover Christopher M. , Skaff Nicholas K. , Blumberg Seth , Fukunaga Rena
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings remain a serious threat to the health of disproportionately affected populations such as people experiencing incarceration or homelessness, the elderly, and essential workers. An individual-based model accounting for individual infectiousness over time, staff work schedules, and testing and isolation schedules was developed to simulate community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to staff in a congregate facility and subsequent transmission within the facility that could cause an outbreak. Systematic testing strategies in which staff are tested on the first day of their workweek were found to prevent up to 16% more infections than testing strategies unrelated to staff schedules. Testing staff at the beginning of their workweek, implementing timely isolation following testing, limiting test turnaround time, and increasing test frequency in high transmission scenarios can supplement additional mitigation measures to aid outbreak prevention in congregate settings.
Barriers and supports for uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination in Indigenous people globally: A systematic review
Authors: MacDonald Shannon E. , Kenzie Lisa , Letendre Angeline , Bill Lea , Shea-Budgell Melissa , Henderson Rita , Barnabe Cheryl , Guichon Juliet R. , Colquhoun Amy , Ganshorn Heather , Bedingfield Nancy , Vandenboogaard Paul D. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Glaze Sarah , Nelson Gregg
Published: January 2023

Despite the availability of effective and safe human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines that reduce the incidence and impact of cervical cancer and other cancers, HPV vaccine coverage rates remain persistently low and the cervical cancer burden disproportionately high among Indigenous people globally. This study aimed to systematically identify, appraise, and summarize the literature on documented barriers and supports to HPV vaccination in Indigenous populations internationally. Forty-three studies were included and an inductive, qualitative, thematic synthesis was applied. We report on 10 barrier themes and 7 support themes to vaccine uptake, and provide a quantitative summary of metrics. Focusing on Indigenous perspectives reported in the literature, we propose recommendations on community-research collaboration, culturally safe intergenerational and gender-equitable community HPV vaccine education, as well as multi-level transparency to ensure informed consent is secured in the context of reciprocal relationships. Although the voices of key informant groups (e.g., HPV-vaccine eligible youth and community Elders) are underrepresented in the literature, the identification of barriers and supports to HPV vaccination in a global Indigenous context might help inform researchers and health policy makers who aim to improve HPV vaccine uptake in Indigenous populations.
Association between zinc deficiency and aorta stiffness in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ishioka Kunihiro , Hidaka Sumi , Fujiwara Naoki , Yamano Mizuki , Mochida Yasuhiro , Oka Machiko , Maesato Kyoko , Moriya Hidekazu , Ohtake Takayasu , Kobayashi Shuzo
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Zinc deficiency (Zn < 60 μg/dL) is known to play an important role for vascular calcification. However, little data is available regarding the association between zinc deficiency and aorta stiffness in dialysis patients. Thus, we studied the relationship between zinc deficiency and aorta stiffness in non-diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods

Of 150 patients receiving maintenance HD at our hospital, we included 79 non-diabetic HD patients (age: 70±11 years, 49 men) after excluding 71 diabetic HD patients. Zinc deficiency was defined as Zn <60 μg/dL during pre-HD blood sampling. The association between zinc deficiency and aorta stiffness was analyzed. Aorta stiffness was evaluated as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Other surrogate markers for cardiovascular complications were also measured.

Results

The zinc deficiency group (ZD group) included 45 patients (57.0%). Compared to the zinc non-deficiency group (ZND group), patients with ZD group were significantly older, higher levels of CRP and hypoalbuminemia. Moreover, they had significantly higher levels of baPWV, and lower levels of ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) (p<0.05). After adjusting for hypoalbuminemia, and CRP, multivariate analysis showed that age and zinc level were independent predictors of baPWV.

Conclusion

The study suggested that zinc deficiency may be an independent risk factor for aorta stiffness, even after adjusting for malnutrition and inflammation.
Considerations for ensuring safety during telerehabilitation of people with stroke. A protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Gutierrez-Arias Ruvistay , González-Mondaca Camila , Marinkovic-Riffo Vinka , Ortiz-Puebla Marietta , Paillán-Reyes Fernanda , Seron Pamela
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Exercise interventions have a positive impact on people with stroke. However, access to exercise interventions is variable, and there may be a delay in the start of rehabilitation. Telerehabilitation has enabled the delivery of exercise interventions replacing the traditional face-to-face approach. Aspects related to the safety of people with stroke should be considered to avoid adverse events during the delivery of exercise interventions remotely. However, such information is scattered in the literature, and the detail with which measures taken during the implementation of exercise interventions for people with stroke are reported is unknown.

Objective

To summarise measures or aspects targeted at reducing the incidence of adverse events during the delivery of exercise interventions through telerehabilitation in patients after stroke.

Materials and methods

A scoping review will be conducted. A systematic search in MEDLINE-Ovid, Embase-Ovid CENTRAL, CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), and other resources will be carried out. We will include primary studies, published in full text in any language, involving people with stroke who undergo telerehabilitation where exercise is the main component. Two reviewers will independently select studies and extract data, and disagreements will be resolved by consensus or a third reviewer. The results will be reported in a narrative form, using tables and figures to support them.

Discussion

To implement this strategy within rehabilitation services, one of the first aspects to be solved is to ensure the safety of people. The results of this scoping review could contribute an information base for clinicians and decision-makers when designing remotely delivered exercise intervention programs.

Registration number

INPLASY202290104.
Mathematical models for biomarker calculation of drug-induced liver injury in humans and experimental models based on gadoxetate enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Karlsson Markus , Simonsson Christian , Dahlström Nils , Cedersund Gunnar , Lundberg Peter
Published: January 2023

Background

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern when developing new drugs. A promising biomarker for DILI is the hepatic uptake rate of the contrast agent gadoxetate. This rate can be estimated using a novel approach combining magnetic resonance imaging and mathematical modeling. However, previous work has used different mathematical models to describe liver function in humans or rats, and no comparative study has assessed which model is most optimal to use, or focused on possible translatability between the two species.

Aims

Our aim was therefore to do a comparison and assessment of models for DILI biomarker assessment, and to develop a conceptual basis for a translational framework between the species.

Methods and results

We first established which of the available pharmacokinetic models to use by identifying the most simple and identifiable model that can describe data from both human and rats. We then developed an extension of this model for how to estimate the effects of a hepatotoxic drug in rats. Finally, we illustrated how such a framework could be useful for drug dosage selection, and how it potentially can be applied in personalized treatments designed to avoid DILI.

Conclusion

Our analysis provides clear guidelines of which mathematical model to use for model-based assessment of biomarkers for liver function, and it also suggests a hypothetical path to a translational framework for DILI.
Spatial distribution of complete basic childhood vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia. A spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Tesfa Getanew Aschalew , Yehualashet Delelegn Emwodew , Getnet Addisu , Bimer Kirubel Biweta , Seboka Binyam Tariku
Published: January 2023

Background

Complete childhood vaccination considerably aids in the reduction of morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. Understanding the geographical disparity of complete basic childhood vaccination and Identifying associated factors is vital to designing appropriate interventions. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of complete basic childhood vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods

A two-stage stratified sampling technique was used based on the 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey data. A total weighted sample of 1,028 children was included in the analysis. ArcGIS version 10.8 software was used to visualize the spatial distribution of complete basic childhood vaccination. The Bernoulli-based model was used to detect significant clusters of areas using SaTScan version 9.6 software. To identify associated factors, multilevel logistic regression analyses were used, and all variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were reported as statistically significant predictors.

Results

Complete basic childhood vaccination among children aged 12–23 months had a significant variation in Ethiopia (Moran’s I = 0.276, p<0.001). The spatial scan analysis identified the most likely significant primary clusters with low complete basic childhood vaccination coverage in the Somali region’s Afder, Liben, Shabelle, and Nogobe zones; the Southern Nation Nationality and Peoples Region’s (SNNPR) Gedeo and Sidama zones; and the Oromia region’s Bale and Guji zones. The second significant cluster was found in the Afar region’s zones 1, 4, and 5, as well as the northern Somali region’s Siti zone. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, maternal age 20–24, 25–29, 35–39, and 40–44 years, delivery at a health facility, four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits, orthodox religion fellowship, maternal primary education, Muslim religion fellowship, living in the Afar, Somalia, and Oromia regions, and living in rural areas were all found to be significantly associated with complete basic childhood vaccination.

Conclusion

A geographically significant variation of complete basic childhood vaccination was observed. Maternal age, maternal education, religion, place of delivery, ANC visit, region, and residence were significantly associated with complete basic childhood vaccination. Developing immunization campaigns targeting areas that had low basic vaccination coverage and designing healthcare programs that can motivate facility-based delivery and ANC follow-up is recommended.
Low doses of diarrhoeagenic E. coli induce enhanced monocyte and mDC responses and prevent development of symptoms after homologous rechallenge
Authors: Porbahaie Mojtaba , van den Belt Maartje , Ulfman Laurien , Ruijschop Rianne M. A. J. , Lucas–van de Bos Elly , Hartog Anita , Lenz Stefanie , van Alen-Boerrigter Ingrid J. , Teodorowicz Malgorzata , Savelkoul Huub F. J. , Calame Wim , van Hoffen Els , van Neerven R. J. Joost , Kardinaal Alwine
Published: January 2023

The experimental challenge with attenuated enterotoxigenic E. coli strain E1392/75-2A prevents diarrhea upon a secondary challenge with the same bacteria. A dose-response pilot study was performed to investigate which immunological factors are associated with this protection. Healthy subjects were inoculated with increasing E. coli doses of 1E6-1E10 CFU, and three weeks later, all participants were rechallenged with the highest dose (1E10 CFU). Gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms were recorded, and stool and blood samples were analyzed. After the primary challenge, stool frequency, diarrhea symptom scores, and E. coli-specific serum IgG (IgG-CFA/II) titer increased in a dose-dependent manner. Fecal calprotectin and serum IgG-CFA/II response after primary challenge were delayed in the lower dose groups. Even though stool frequency after the secondary challenge was inversely related to the primary inoculation dose, all E. coli doses protected against clinical symptoms upon rechallenge. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs with E. coli just before the second challenge resulted in increased numbers of IL-6+/TNF-α+ monocytes and mDCs than before the primary challenge, without dose-dependency. These data demonstrate that primary E. coli infection with as few as 1E6 CFU protects against a high-dose secondary challenge with a homologous attenuated strain. Increased serum IgG-CFA/II levels and E. coli-induced mDC and monocyte responses after primary challenge suggest that protection against secondary E. coli challenges is associated with adaptive as well as innate immune responses.
Neural response to sad autobiographical recall and sad music listening post recall reveals distinct brain activation in alpha and gamma bands
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Bhushan Braj , Behera Laxmidhar
Published: January 2023

Although apparently paradoxical, sad music has been effective in coping with sad life experiences. The underpinning brain neural correlates of this are not well explored. We performed Electroencephalography (EEG) source-level analysis for the brain during a sad autobiographical recall (SAR) and upon exposure to sad music. We specifically investigated the Cingulate cortex complex and Parahippocampus (PHC) regions, areas prominently involved in emotion and memory processing. Results show enhanced alpha band lag phase-synchronization in the brain during sad music listening, especially within and between the Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and (PHC) compared to SAR. This enhancement was lateralized for alpha1 and alpha2 bands in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. We also observed a significant increase in alpha2 brain current source density (CSD) during sad music listening compared to SAR and baseline resting state in the region of interest (ROI). Brain during SAR condition had enhanced right hemisphere lateralized functional connectivity and CSD in gamma band compared to sad music listening and baseline resting state. Our findings show that the brain during the SAR state had enhanced gamma-band activity, signifying increased content binding capacity. At the same time, the brain is associated with an enhanced alpha band activity while sad music listening, signifying increased content-specific information processing. Thus, the results suggest that the brain’s neural correlates during sad music listening are distinct from the SAR state as well as the baseline resting state and facilitate enhanced content-specific information processing potentially through three-channel neural pathways—(1) by enhancing the network connectivity in the region of interest (ROI), (2) by enhancing local cortical integration of areas in ROI, and (3) by enhancing sustained attention. We argue that enhanced content-specific information processing possibly supports the positive experience during sad music listening post a sad experience in a healthy population. Finally, we propose that sadness has two different characteristics under SAR state and sad music listening.
Drug-drug interaction and acute kidney injury development: A correlation-based network analysis
Authors: Zhu Wenjun , Barreto Erin F. , Li Jingshan , Lee Hyo Kyung , Kashani Kianoush
Published: January 2023

Background

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a relatively common preventable cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), providing early recognition and management. The pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of drug-drug interactions may lead to additive or synergistic toxicity. The influx of new medications or off-label use of medications in the critical care setting can lead to additional nephrotoxicities, often challenging to predict or detect. This study evaluates the patterns of medication utilization, their combinations, and the related associations with AKI.

Methods

We utilized correlation-based network analysis (CNA) to investigate the relationship between medications or their combinations with AKI in a large cohort of critically ill patients in a tertiary medical center between 2007 and 2018. Pairwise medication-AKI correlation analysis was performed to evaluate drug synergistic or additive effects. To investigate the inherent nephrotoxicity of medications, we further analyzed medications that were not paired with any other medications within 24 hours before or after their administration time (isolated medication analysis).

Results

Among 147,289 ICU admissions, we identified 244 associations among 1,555 unique medication types. In pairwise analysis, 233 significant correlations were found among 13,150,198 medication pair instances. In isolated medication analysis, ten significant AKI associations were noted. When stratified by eGFR level, substantial differences between eGFR<90 vs. eGFR≥90 patients were observed. This highlights a need to determine eGFR as a risk factor for nephrotoxicity assessment when drug interactions are considered.

Conclusions

This large-scale cohort study identified an artificial intelligence model to identify patient-agnostic relationships between medication or their pairs with AKI incidence among critically ill patients. It could be used as a continuous quality assurance tool to monitor drug-associated risk nephrotoxicity.
Competency analysis based on accounting career anchors using clustering techniques
Authors: Sánchez-Garcés Jorge , Moreno-Leyva Nelly Rosario , Marténez Soto Lorena , Chambi-Rodriguez Alex Danny , Tapara-Yanarico Dina Milagros , Silva-Vargas Dennis Karlo , Avila-George Himer
Published: January 2023

This research work aims to identify the prevalent anchors in the professional accounting career using the Schein scale and to describe the prevalent anchors by defining the values, attitudes, aptitudes, skills, and interests. Career anchors are defined by the competence, motivation, and values a person has to perform a particular job in an organization and are present throughout their working life. When determining the soft and hard competencies of the professional profile, universities must consider the career anchors essential for graduates’ work performance. To determine which anchors dominate the competencies of the graduate profile, two universities in Latin America with a degree in accounting were selected. The study was organized in two stages: first, the operationalization of the research was conducted, including the description of the instrument through the application of 40 questions divided into Schein’s eight anchors. Samples were selected based on the convenience of the authors: one university in Peru and another in Colombia. The sample includes all students enrolled in the accounting major, and the data were coded and processed. In the second stage, data analysis was performed by grouping parameters, analysis of variance, explanatory analysis using a test for the best clustering algorithm, statistical testing, and discussion of the findings. The predominant anchors in the two universities are creativity, entrepreneurship, and lifestyle. The selected universities placed considerable emphasis on training future accountants with an innovative spirit, integrity, and social commitment without neglecting the professional requirements. This approach allows students to undertake challenges and new businesses in their field of work.
Caregivers’ use of insecticide-treated nets is associated with the use of ITNs by children under the age of five in Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Daudi , Boah Michael , Adokiya Martin Nyaaba
Published: January 2023

Background

Malaria poses a greater risk to children under the age of five years due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. The use of Insecticide-Treated Net (ITN) has been proven to be an effective preventive intervention in the control of malaria. However, its utilisation remains low. This study assessed the association of mother or caregiver’s utilisation of ITN on its use by their children under five years of age in Ghana.

Methods

This study used data from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey (GMIS). The study analysed a weighted sample of 1,876 women aged 15–49 years who had at least one child under the age of five. In this study, the outcome variable is mosquito bed net use in children under five years. We performed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regressions.

Results

Of the women studied, 58.59% [95% CI: 55.39, 61.71] slept under mosquito bed nets the previous night. The utilisation of ITN in children under five was 61.88% [95% CI: 58.43, 65.2] on the night before the study. The adjusted logistic regression revealed that mothers/caregivers who slept under a mosquito bed net were more likely to have their children under five years of age sleeping under a mosquito bed net (RRR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.48, 4.12; p <0.001). In addition, the use of ITN in children under five was also found to be predicted by the number of ANC visits, the number of children under five in the household, and wealth status.

Conclusion

The study found that the use of ITN by mothers/caregivers and their children remains low in Ghana. Nevertheless, we found that when a mother uses ITN, her children under the age of five are more likely to use it as well.
Potential roles of pharmacists in HIV/AIDS care delivery in Nepal: A qualitative study
Authors: Shahi Ayushma , Shrestha Sweta , K. C Badri , Acharya Khagendra , Pradhan Sait Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background

Nepal is facing escalating infection rates of HIV/AIDS, a major global public health threat. Continuum of services is an identified strategic component of Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) commitment to end this public health crisis by 2030 and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). Pharmacists are integral members of the continuum of care in HIV/AIDS but the idea is novel to Nepal. Realizing need to explore and identify potential roles of pharmacists in HIV/AIDS care delivery, this study aimed to gain an insight into the views of stakeholders on the roles of pharmacists in this arena.

Methods

A qualitative approach was used where 14 key informants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol. Participants were selected through a sequence of purposive sampling and snowball sampling technique. The interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Potential roles of pharmacists reside in adherence monitoring, pharmacovigilance, provincial and district level ART centers. Pharmacists and other stakeholders held divergent views on the pharmacist’s role in dispensing and counseling antiretroviral medications. Barriers to the pharmacists’ involvement were lack of workforce, advocacy and government support, frailty of professional organizations, self-limited scope, policy constraints, structural limitations, biasedness, and societal unawareness. Pharmacists themselves and organizations such as National Government Organizations (NGOs) and International Government Organizations (INGOs) were identified as the facilitators.

Conclusion

Stakeholders are willing to expand role of pharmacists in HIV/AIDS care in Nepal. Nevertheless, some crucial impediments exist. Primarily, an aggressive and assertive advocacy is needed from pharmacists themselves and their professional organizations to establish their roles in HIV/AIDS care delivery. Additionally, unearthing potential of pharmacists as contributors in HIV/AIDS care delivery or any other chronic disease management equally demands a strong support from the government officials as well as the other health care professionals.
Epidemiology of pre-cancerous cervical lesion and risk factors among adult women in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Abera Gerezgiher B. , Yebyo Henock G. , Hailekiros Haftamu , Niguse Selam , Berhe Yibrah , Gigar Goitom , Asmelash Tsehaye , Goba Gelila
Published: January 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease if treated early, but remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in low and middle-income countries. Data on epidemiology and risk factors in these settings are scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions and risk factors in Tigray region, Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based, cross-sectional study was used and 900 participants were 30 recruited using multistage sampling and finally data from 883 were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire and screening with visual inspection with ascetic acid. Data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire and screening with visual inspection with acetic acid from March 2016 to June 2017. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate predictors.

Results

Seventy-nine (8.95%) women were positive for pre-cancer lesion and 35 (3.96%) were suspicious for cervical cancer. We used relative risk ratio (rrr) to estimate the strength of association. Divorced or widowed women had 2.5 and 4.7 times more risk of being positive and suspicious respectively, compared to single women (rrr = 2.5, 95% CI [1.13, 5.52]); (rrr = 4.69, 95% CI [1.00, 21.84]). The risk of having a suspicious result was 68% lower for women with primary education compared to those with no formal education (rrr = 0.32, 95% CI [1.00, 21.84]). History of sexually transmitted infection was associated with positive pre cancer lesion (rrr = 1.91, 95% CI [1.11, 3.27]) whereas, being farmer (rrr = 4.83, 95% CI [1.44, 16.13]), merchant (rrr = 4.85, 95% CI [1.52, 15.46]), bleeding between periods (rrr = 3.26, 95% CI [1.32, 8.04]) and pelvic or back pain (rrr = 2.79, 95% CI [1.18, 6.58]) were associated with suspicious for cancer.

Conclusion

About 8.9% and 3.96% of the women were positive for pre-cancerous cervical lesion and suspicious for cancer, respectively. The prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesion is high as compared to other regional prevalence in the country. Marital status, education, sexually transmitted infection, bleeding, and pelvic pain were risk factors of pre-cancerous cervical lesion’. This finding implies that the sexual exposure, having no permanent husband and being not educated attributes to the high prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesion and may aggravate the transmission of HPV.”
Potential of Augmented Reality in Optimization of Military Libraries Services
Authors: Singh Pramod Kumar , Rana Pooja
Published: January 2023

Augmented Reality (AR) overlays the information of virtual objects on actual surfaces and enhances learners’ experience. As AR is becoming an increasingly important part of military training, military libraries can provide a cohesive experience using the latest advent of AR and core library science components to meet the military community’s ever-dynamic needs. Since augmented reality is in a developing phase, this paper aims to know the potential of AR Military libraries service by conducting a systematic review of papers published in the Scopus database. AR in military libraries can enhance learning interest, perception of situation awareness, and adequate decision support. AR can offer great solutions to facilitate the controlling capabilities of military trainees and reduce cognitive load and stress. Its application in military libraries includes information filtering, 3D visualization, and extending digital threads. However, despite many limitations of AR usage, its applicability in military libraries can improvise the extensive pool of knowledge and experience to deal with warfare situations to improve capabilities of reaction and response in real-time war situations to improve the controlling capabilities of military trainees include tactical simulation, judgment in operations, assignment, and military simulations.