bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Allegations of Repeated Victimization: The Roles of Event Frequency, Language Specificity, and Disclosure Delay
Authors: Snow Mark D. , Brubacher Sonja P. , Malloy Lindsay C. , Luther Kirk
Published: September 2022

Although many forms of victimization are repeated (e.g., domestic violence), we know relatively little about the perceived credibility of adult claimants who allege repeated maltreatment. We examined the effects of Event Frequency (Single vs. Repeated), Language Specificity (Episodic vs. Generic), and Disclosure Delay (Immediate vs. Delayed) on laypersons’ perceptions of claimant credibility. Participants ( N = 649) read a mock interview transcript and provided subjective ratings (e.g., credibility, likelihood of suspect guilt, claimant responsibility). When the alleged abuse occurred a single time (vs. repeatedly), participants rated the interviewee as less blameworthy but no more (or less) credible. Exploratory findings indicated that female participants viewed the interviewee as more credible and less responsible than did male participants.
Addressing ethnic prejudice in youth: Developmental trajectories and associations with educational identity
Authors: Bobba Beatrice , Albarello Flavia , Rubini Monica , Crocetti Elisabetta
Published: September 2022

Studying how attitudes develop in the transition from late adolescence to emerging adulthood offers unique insights into future generations’ perceptions of society and of others. However, findings on ethnic prejudice during this life period are mixed. The current research aims to examine the development of affective and cognitive ethnic prejudice, adopting a person-centered approach. Furthermore, it examines the associations between educational identity processes and prejudice. A sample of 297 Italian adolescents ( Mage = 17.48, SDage = 0.79, 37.8% males) participated in a five-wave longitudinal study. At the mean level, cognitive prejudice decreased slightly over time, while affective prejudice remained stable. Additionally, rank-order stability coefficients were high ( r ≥ .526). Moreover, for each dimension of prejudice (i.e., cognitive and affective) taken separately, three groups of participants were identified based on their high, moderate, or low scores, respectively. Finally, higher levels of educational identity in-depth exploration at baseline significantly increased the chances of adolescents falling into the low rather than the moderate group for both cognitive and affective prejudice. Conversely, it significantly reduced the chances of being in the high compared to the moderate group for affective prejudice. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple components of prejudice and their reciprocal associations with identity processes to identify at-risk segments of the adolescent and emerging adult populations.
A new preprocessment method for road peak adhesion coefficient fusion estimation
Authors: Han Yinfeng , Lu Yongjie , Wang Hongwei , Wang Yang
Published: September 2022

Accurate estimation of road peak adhesion coefficient is of great significance in vehicle active safety systems. In order to prevent the vehicle from running out of control in actual driving process, the estimation algorithm should be able to adapt to various working conditions, and transmit estimated information of road peak adhesion coefficient to Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the vehicle timely and accurately. Therefore, a new preprocessment method for the fusion estimation algorithm of road adhesion coefficient is proposed. The core of this method is the equal ratio relationship between the longitudinal, lateral peak adhesion coefficients and the utilization adhesion coefficient under adjacent typical roads. According to this relationship, this method accomplishes normalization of the tyre model in the form of introducing parameters from the outside, so that the tyre model can be combined with the filtering algorithm to be applied to estimation, which solves the problem that the precise tyre model cannot be used for road adhesion coefficient estimation due to its complex construction. This method can adapt to most of tyre models in the field of vehicle dynamics. In addition, the existing estimation algorithms need sufficient excitation (when the comprehensive slip ratio is 0.15–0.20) to estimate the accurate road peak adhesion coefficient. This method can greatly reduce the system error caused by insufficient road excitation, and can also obtain accurate estimation results when the excitation is insufficient. Finally, in order to verify the preprocessment method, the magic formula tyre model is used to describe the tyre characteristics. After processing by the preprocessment method, the road peak adhesion coefficient is estimated in combination with Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The high accuracy and timeliness of the estimated results in simulation and real vehicle tests verify the effectiveness of the preprocessment method.
Risk prediction and factor analysis of rider’s injury severity in passenger car and E-bike accidents based on interpretable machine learning
Authors: Wei Tianzheng , Zhu Tong , Liu Haoxue
Published: September 2022

Casualties and property losses caused by the passenger car and electric bicycle crash accidents increased year by year. Assessment of the relevant risk factors of injury severity in passenger car and electric bicycle crashes could help to mitigate crash severity. This study uses an emerging machine learning method to predict the relationship between the risk factors and bicyclist accident injury severity in passenger car-electric bicycle collision accidents. The model’s performance is compared and evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, area under curve (AUC), and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). An interpretable machine learning framework Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is used to further analyze the relationship between risk factors and bicyclist injury severity. It is found that we can adopt the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) algorithm after hyper-parameter optimization to get the highest accuracy (94.85%), precision (95.2%), recall (94.9%), F1-Score (95%), and AUC (0.993) based on the accident data of electric bicycles and passenger cars in the China in-depth accident study dataset from 2014 to 2018. The model can be used to assess new accident cases based on the model learning rate. There are some new findings in the aspects of bicyclists’ physical factors and electric vehicle characteristics. The throwing distance of the bicyclist has a positive impact on the injury severity. The bicyclist is more likely to suffer more serious injuries in a crash accident when the bicyclist is male, or shorter. Electric bicycles have a smaller handlebar width. In general, the lower handlebar height is, or lower saddle height is, the more serious the bicyclist’s injury is. Safety training for drivers can help reduce the injury severity in crash accidents and improve traffic safety.
Speed feedback observation algorithm based on parameter introduction and its application in asynchronous motor
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Yue , Pan Xingyu , Hao Shuanghui
Published: September 2022

In this article, three-phase asynchronous motor and photoelectric encoder are taken as the research objects. In order to solve the problem of delay in the velocity feedback measurement result of asynchronous motor by photoelectric encoder, this article proposes a velocity feedback observation algorithm which introduces parameters according to different velocity instructions. The proposed method ensures that the speed feedback of asynchronous motor can keep good tracking effect under different speed instructions, reduces feedback delay, and the oscillation of speed tracking waveform is small. Stability analysis is also carried out in this article to ensure the reliability of the system. In the whole control system, the position signal output by the photoelectric encoder is the input of the algorithm, and the output of the algorithm is the speed feedback of the system. The proposed method establishes the speed control system model of three-phase asynchronous motor through MATLAB/Simulink for simulation, and the experiment is carried out based on the simulation. The simulation and experiment are compared with the traditional differential velocity measurement method of encoder. The results show that the velocity observation algorithm proposed is verified under different velocity instructions and varying loads, and the system has smaller steady-state error, better dynamic response, and good robustness.
The Moderating Effects of Board Independence and the Separation of Chairman–Chief Executive Officer Duality Roles on a Firm’s Value: Evidence from the Thai Listed Firms
Authors: Buachoom Wonlop Writthym , Amornkitvikai Yot
Published: September 2022

Since the 1997 financial crisis, good corporate governance is one of the most contentious problems for Thai listed companies’ long-term viability. Unlike earlier research in Thailand, this article uses a three-level hierarchical regression model to examine the moderating effects of board independence and the separation of chairman–chief executive officer (CEO) duality roles on the firm’s value of the Thai listed firms between 2010 and 2019. This study confirms a negative relationship between family ownership and a firm’s value in Thailand. Nevertheless, it reveals that the association between family ownership and firm’s value becomes positive if the Thai listed firms have a high proportion of independent directors. Further evidence confirms that the separation of chairman–CEO duality roles can increase a firm’s value, but it cannot solely enhance the value in those firms with high family ownership. Finally, this study discusses empirically-based practical implications and recommendations.
Parental Burnout During the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Role of Parenting Stressors and Coparenting Support
Authors: Vaydich Jenny Lee , Cheung Rebecca Y. M.
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about many changes in family routines and introduced new stressors for parents. While stressors can lead to parental burnout, coparenting support may mitigate the effects of parental stress on parental burnout. The current study explored the effects of parental stress, COVID-19 stress, and coparenting support on parental burnout during the second year of the pandemic. Participants consisted of one hundred fifty-five parents in the USA ( M = 39.6, SD = 7.38; female = 94.8%). Results suggested parental stress was positively associated with parental burnout while coparenting support was negatively associated with parental burnout. These findings highlight the importance of addressing parental stress and support to minimize the risk of parental burnout.
Vibration analysis of cracked beam based on Reddy beam theory by finite element method
Authors: Taima Moustafa S , El-Sayed Tamer A , Shehab Mohamed B , Farghaly Said H , Hand Russell J
Published: September 2022

The lateral vibration of cracked isotropic thick beams is investigated. Generally, the analysis of thick beam based on line elements can be undertaken using either Timoshenko beam theory or a third order beam theory (TSDT) such as Reddy beam theory. TSDT is superior to Timoshenko beam theory, as it eliminates the need for a shear correction coefficient. However, there is no available solution for a cracked beam based on Reddy beam theory which is the main focus of this paper. The investigated beam is divided into several elements where their stiffness and mass matrices are derived using Reddy beam theory. Each element has two nodes with 3 degrees of freedom (1 lateral and 2 rotational) at each node. The crack was modeled using two rotating springs with stiffnesses that varied with crack depth. These elements are used to connect the adjacent beam elements. The impact of boundary conditions, slenderness ratio, crack location, and crack depth are investigated. In addition, experimental and finite element analyses of cracked steel beams is undertaken to validate the results of the present model. The results show that the maximum deviation between the analytical and the experimental results is less than 3% up to the third mode shape.
Thinking With Perplexities in the Context of Social Inclusion, Refugees, and Schools: Methodological Learnings
Authors: Dodd Jennifer , Lessard Sean , Caine Vera , Toogood Kathy , Clandinin Jean
Published: September 2022

In this article, we explore the ideas of thinking with perplexity. We draw on Addams (1902) understanding of perplexity that is interwoven with ethics. Through turning toward a research study alongside teachers who engage with refugee students in a Canadian kindergarten classroom, we make visible how a turn toward perplexity disrupts our taken for granted knowing and holds open the possibilities for growth. Drawing on field texts, conversations, and reflective notes, we compose story fragments to unpack our understandings of perplexities.
Axial behavior of precast segmental hollow bridge columns confined by grouted steel tubes
Authors: Zhou Tao , Li Xian , Ma Zhanguo , Su Rong
Published: September 2022

To avoid the problems of the conventional precast segmental bridge columns (PSBCs) such as the concrete crushing at column ends, joint openings between segments, and torsional deformation under seismic attacks, a novel type of precast segmental bridge column confined by a grouted steel tube (TPSBC) was proposed, and herein the axial compressive behavior of the TPSBCs was investigated by testing of 14 specimens. The main parameters of the tested specimens included the diameter-thickness ratios of the steel tubes, the number of the precast segments, reinforcement arrangements in the precast hollow segments, initial prestress levels, sandwich concrete strengths, and loading forms. The effects of the parameters on the failure modes, loading bearing capacity, ductility, and steel strain development of the specimens were evaluated. The test results indicate that the proposed TPSBCs with proper configurations exhibited desirable compressive behavior with significantly improved load bearing capacity and deformability compared with the PSBCs. Based on the analysis of the confinement effects, analytical models were developed for predicting the axial bearing capacity of the TPSBCs under the different loading forms.
Digital false information at scale in the European Union: Current state of research in various disciplines, and future directions
Authors: Bak Petra de Place , Walter Jessica Gabriele , Bechmann Anja
Published: September 2022

Digital false information is a global problem and the European Union (EU) has taken profound actions to counter it. However, from an academic perspective the United States has attracted particular attention. This article aims at mapping the current state of academic inquiry into false information at scale in the EU across fields. Systematic filtering of academic contributions resulted in the identification of 93 papers. We found that Italy is the most frequently studied country, and the country of affiliation for most contributing authors. The fields that are best represented are computer science and information studies, followed by social science, communication, and media studies. Based on the review, we call for (1) a greater focus on cross-platform studies; (2) resampling of similar events, such as elections, to detect reoccurring patterns; and (3) longitudinal studies across events to detect similarities, for instance, in who spreads misinformation.
Effects of Al, Ti, and Cr content with different interlayer configurations on tribological behavior of AlCrN and AlTiN multilayer coatings
Authors: Alper Yilmaz Mustafa , Doğuş Özkan , Türküz Cenk , Erdem Cihan , Kucukyildirim Bedri Onur
Published: September 2022

In this study, AlCrN and AlTiN coatings with various interlayer numbers and compositions were deposited on AISI D2 cold work tool steels using cathodic arc-physical vapor deposition to enhance the adhesive and abrasive wear resistance of cold forming tools. Linear reciprocating tribometer experiments were conducted at 15 and 30 N loads under dry sliding conditions to evaluate the wear resistance and friction characteristics of these coatings. The coatings were chemically and morphologically characterized using an optical microscope, an atomic force microscope, a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Wear scars were examined with an optical profilometer after the tribometer tests to determine wear volumes and wear mechanisms. The results showed that AlTiN coating with six interlayers could be a cold work steel coating with nearly 6 times lower wear rate compared to AlCrN coatings at 3.1 GPa contact pressures.
Policy capacity: Explaining the surprising durability of CCTs in Brazil
Authors: Fenwick Tracy Beck , Rennó Lucio
Published: September 2022

The central research finding of this article is that the standard policy feedback effects in the literature cannot alone explain the outcomes of the Brazilian Bolsa Familia program/ Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). While conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have remained a resilient policy instrument in Brazil – newly elected officials did not dismantle, replace or wholesale transform PBF – our empirical research tells us that this resilience is due not only to policy feedbacks, but also to another mechanism. We suggest that previous explanations have not paid sufficient attention to the concept of policy capacity or to the role of the bureaucracy in defending PBF over time. We analyse the internal dynamics of Brazil’s PBF in changing political and economic environments. Our key explanatory factor is the impact of alternations of power. We suggest that PBF’s resilience to changing political and economic contexts is underpinned by its policy capacity.
Multi-parameter regression survival modelling with random effects
Authors: Jaouimaa Fatima-Zahra , Ha Il Do , Burke Kevin
Published: September 2022

We consider a parametric modelling approach for survival data where covariates are allowed to enter the model through multiple distributional parameters (i.e., scale and shape). This is in contrast with the standard convention of having a single covariate-dependent parameter, typically the scale. Taking what is referred to as a multi-parameter regression (MPR) approach to modelling has been shown to produce flexible and robust models with relatively low model complexity cost. However, it is very common to have clustered data arising from survival analysis studies, and this is something that is under developed in the MPR context. The purpose of this article is to extend MPR models to handle multivariate survival data by introducing random effects in both the scale and the shape regression components. We consider a variety of possible dependence structures for these random effects (independent, shared and correlated), and estimation proceeds using a h-likelihood approach. The performance of our estimation procedure is investigated by a way of an extensive simulation study, and the merits of our modelling approach are illustrated through applications to two real data examples, a lung cancer dataset and a bladder cancer dataset.
Religious-based discrimination in the commercial context on the basis of sexual orientation: A comparative perspective
Authors: Gray Anthony Davidson
Published: September 2022

This paper considers how three jurisdictions, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom, have sought to reconcile freedom of religion with equality rights, particularly in the commercial context, and particularly in relation to sexual orientation. The recent decisions of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and United States Supreme Court form the backdrop for that discussion. It is argued that the former made piecemeal, and misleading, use of American case law, and a fuller consideration of that jurisdiction’s position was warranted, and would have led to a different view of the recent American decision. It argues that the United Kingdom Supreme Court was in error in viewing a message on a cake ordered from a baker as an example of the baker's expression, leading it to an incorrect conclusion at odds with statutory mandates in the commercial sphere around refusals of service. Both high court decisions risk undermining progress on the equality front.
Branded Care: The Policy Implications of Pharmaceutical Industry-Funded Nursing Care Related to Specialty Medicines
Authors: Grundy Quinn , Huyer Larkin Davenport , Parker Lisa , Bero Lisa
Published: September 2022

An increasing proportion of new drugs approved for market worldwide are now high cost, specialty medicines. Pharmaceutical marketers face the challenge of convincing payers, prescribers, and patients that the cost and complexity of care associated with specialty medicines is worth the trouble, and now offer patient support programs, free of charge, to patients prescribed their drug. We conducted a secondary, qualitative, interpretive analysis of 24 interviews with leaders of patient groups and members of hospital formulary committees in Australia to describe the work of pharmaceutical company-employed or contracted nurses who provide support to patients prescribed specialty medicines, and to prompt discussion around the policy implications of relying on industry-funded nursing care within publicly funded health systems. Participants affirmed the value of specialist, holistic, person-centered nursing care, but perceived gaps within the public health system related to the availability and provision of nursing care for people living with chronic disease. Consequently, participants described the pharmaceutical industry as addressing health system gaps through sponsorship or direct provision of medication-related nursing care, but recognized that care was contingent on commercial interest. Participants highlighted a number of ethical and policy concerns stemming from industry-funded nursing care of people prescribed specialty medicines related to patient safety, continuity of care, inducement to prescribe, and health equity. This analysis suggests that outsourcing necessary medication-related care to pharmaceutical companies has implications for the health system and equitable, sustainable pharmaceutical policy that extend far beyond the care encounter.
Characteristics and Safety Profiles of a Hydrocolloid Polyester Dressing Incorporated with Herbal Extract: In Vitro, in Vivo and Randomized Clinical Studies
Authors: Namviriyachote Nantaporn , Arkatchai Sasiwimon , Rerkasem Kittipan , Muangman Pornprom
Published: September 2022

The polyester dressing containing herbal extract had been used for several years. However, some properties had not been investigated. This study examined three parts including in vitro studies, skin irritation in an animal model, and the pilot clinical study in traumatic wounds. In in vitro studies, six different wound dressings consisted of hydrocolloid polyester containing herbal extract (SI-HERB®), hydrofiber (Aquacel®), hydrocolloid polyester (Urgotul®), soft paraffin gauze (Bactigras®), foam (Mepilex®), and biocellulose (Suprasorb® X + PHMB) dressings were comparatively evaluated in physical properties including the fluid absorption, desorption, and fluid drainage ability. The skin irritation test was examined in a rabbit model using SI-HERB® as a tested group. In a clinical study, traumatic patients with leg wounds were randomly assigned to six wound dressings. The primary outcome was the pain level and the secondary outcomes were non-adherence and peri-wound reaction evaluating score. From the study, Bactigras® had the largest pore size but the total area of pore size per field of it was similar to SI-HERB®. There were no significant differences between SI-HERB®, Urgotul®, and Bactigras® in the percentage of absorption and desorption. No dermatologic effect was found in the animal study. In the irritation test on leg wounds, pain level, and peri-wound reaction in hydrocolloid polyester dressing group were significantly lower compared with Aquacel® and Bactigras®. The polyester dressing had the pain level after removal lower than before application while the Mepilex® and Suprasorb® presented that insignificantly increase the pain level. Erythema could be observed in Bactigras®, Aquacel®, and Suprasorb® but the edema scores were not different. A hydrocolloid polyester dressing containing herbal extract had good drainage ability. No skin irritation was reported. Pain scores, removal ability, and peri-wound reaction were also significantly lower with other types of wound dressings. These results suggested that this dressing be an alternative in wound treatment.
Information Contained in EEG Allows Characterization of Cognitive Decline in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Keller Sebastian M. , Reyneke Cornelius , Gschwandtner Ute , Fuhr Peter
Published: September 2022

Over the last few decades, electroencephalography (EEG) has evolved from being a method that purely relies on visual inspection into a quantitative method. Quantitative EEG, or QEEG, enables the assessment of neurological disorders based on spectral features, dynamic characterizations of EEG resting-state activity, brain connectivity analyzes or quantification of EEG signal complexity. The information contained in EEG is multidimensional: Electrodes, positioned at different scalp locations, provide a spatial dimension to the analysis of EEG while time provides a dynamic dimension: This multidimensional property of EEG makes its quantification a challenging task. In this narrative review we present quantitative models focused on different aspects of EEG: While microstate models focus more on the quantification of the dynamic aspects of EEG, spectral methods, connectivity analysis and entropy based models are more concerned with its spatial aspects. Nevertheless, these diverse approaches have provided neurophysiology based biomarkers, especially for monitoring and predicting the course of various neurodegenerative disorders. However, their translation into clinical practice crucially depends on the ability to automate the analysis of EEG in a user-friendly manner, without compromising on the validity of the provided results. Once this has been accomplished, EEG would provide an inexpensive and widely available method for monitoring disease progression, identifying patients at risk of neurodegeneration—especially before the onset of clinical symptoms, and predicting future cognition. For stratification of patients to clinical trials, EEG would allow shortening the trial duration and lowering the number of necessary participants by identifying patients at risk of fast cognitive decline.
Equitable Design and Use of Digital Surveillance Technologies During COVID-19: Norms and Concerns
Authors: Pratt Bridget , Parker Michael , Bull Susan
Published: September 2022

Given the unprecedented scale of digital surveillance in the COVID-19 pandemic, designing and implementing digital technologies in ways that are equitable is critical now and in future epidemics and pandemics. Yet to date there has been very limited consideration about what is necessary to promote their equitable design and implementation. In this study, literature relating to the use of digital surveillance technologies during epidemics and pandemics was collected and thematically analyzed for ethical norms and concerns related to equity and social justice. Eleven norms are reported, including procedural fairness and inclusive approaches to design and implementation, designing to rectify or avoid exacerbating inequities, and fair access. Identified concerns relate to digital divides, stigma and discrimination, disparate risk of harm, and unfair design processes. We conclude by considering what dimensions of social justice the norms promote and whether identified concerns can be addressed by building the identified norms into technology design and implementation practice.
International Research Collaboration During the Pandemic: Team Formation, Challenges, Strategies and Achievements of the African Translational Research Group
Authors: Envuladu Esther A. , Miner Chundung A. , Oloruntoba Richard , Osuagwu Uchechukwu L. , Mashige Khathutshelo P. , Amiebenomo Onyekachukwu M. , Abu Emmanuel K. , Timothy Chikasirimobi G. , Ovenseri-Ogbomo Godwin , Ekpenyong Bernadine N. , Langsi Raymond , Goson Piwuna C. , Charwe Deborah D. , Ishaya Tanko , Agho Kingsley E.
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses multidisciplinary international research collaboration team formation during the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges faced, strategies adopted, achievements and dynamics in the implementation of research on Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), by the African Translational Research Group (ATReG). The paper also discusses the lessons learnt and future opportunities for global collaborative research. In-depth virtual interviews were conducted with consenting members of ATReG. Questions were designed to provide rich, deep, and insightful opinions, lived experiences and perspectives of ATReG group members on group formation, challenges, strategies and achievements. Interview data was transcribed and analysed thematically, and the results were presented with important quotations presented. The ATReG consisted of English ( n = 13) and French ( n = 1) speaking sub-Saharan African (SSA) researchers who specialise in public health, epidemiology, optometry, information technology, supply chain management, psychiatry, community health, general medical practice, nutrition and biostatistics. Most members of the group reported an informal but well-coordinated structure of the group. Formed during the pandemic, all group meetings were held online, and many members are yet to meet each other in person. The group collected data from Africans and published 10 peer reviewed journal articles on COVID-19 within two years. It presented in international conferences, engaged with the media and the public and was awarded a national competitive funding in Nigeria all of which which contributed to career progression and academic promotion of some members. There have been challenges in sustaining the research collaboration and maintaining productivity. Challenges include difficulties meeting deadlines and obtaining funding for research activities. However, these challenges have been addressed through a collaborative problem-solving approach. The study found the need for operational and methodological flexibility, centralised coordination, and established funding sources as being essential for long term sustainability and performance of the group. The ATReG’s objective of providing useful data on COVID-19 and generating useful knowledge about COVID-19 in SSA has been achieved. In such a multi-disciplinary international collaborative team relaiant on the online medium to operate, the experiences and challenges can be a model for learning for researchers intending to form international multidisciplinary collaborative groups. Nonetheless, there are still many important areas of research which ATReG will continue to pursue.
Efficacy analysis following polymer coated drug eluting stent and bare metal stent deployment for femoropopliteal arterial disease
Authors: Shehada Yousef , Bisdas Theodosios , Argyriou Angeliki , Torsello Giovanni , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Beropoulis Efthymios , Stavroulakis Konstantinos
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The objective is to assess the performance of the Eluvia polymer coated drug eluting stent (DES) compared to a bare metal stent (BMS) platform in patients with femoropopliteal arterial disease.

Methods

This is a retrospective, single-center analysis. Patients treated with the Eluvia DES (group Eluvia) or the EverFlex BMS (group BMS) for femoropopliteal disease between January 2013 and December 2019 were included. Primary measure outcome of this analysis was the overall mortality. The PTX specific mortality, the primary patency, the amputation free survival (AFS), and the target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates were additionally evaluated.

Results

A total of 124 patients were treated by BMS deployment, while the Eluvia platform was preferred in 75 subjects. In both groups the majority presented with lifestyle limiting claudication (BMS: 84% vs Eluvia: 73%, p = 0.73). Chronic total occlusions were more frequent in patients treated by BMS (BMS: 71% vs Eluvia: 84%, p = 0.027), whereas the calcification burden (BMS: 81% vs Eluvia: 76%, p = 0.43) and the median lesion length (in mm, IQR) (BMS: 160 (100 to 240) vs Eluvia: 140 (80 to 229), p = 0.17) were comparable. At 24 months, the overall survival (BMS: 93% vs Eluvia: 89%, hazard ratio (HR): 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55 to 2.64, p = 0.64) and the PTX specific survival (BMS: 95% vs Eluvia: 95%, HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.41 to 4.02, p = 0.67) did not differ significantly between the two platforms. No significant difference was observed regarding the 24 months primary patency rate (BMS: 66% vs Eluvia: 78%, HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.15, p = 0.18), the freedom from TLR (BMS: 83% vs Eluvia: 89%, HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.68, p = 0.572), and the AFS (BMS: 93 vs Eluvia: 89%, HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.55 to 2.64). The Cox regression analysis revealed a higher mortality risk among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) (HR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.61 to 6.14, p = 0.008), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR: 4.65, 95% CI: 2.14 to 10.09, p = 0.001), in octagenerians (HR: 4.40, 95% CI: 1.92 to 10.44, p = 0.005), and in patients not on statins at baseline (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.99, p=0.014).

Conclusions

In this cohort, the use of the Eluvia DES did not increase the risk for mortality compared to BMS deployment. CLTI, COPD, advanced age, and the lack of statin therapy at baseline were associated with a higher risk for death.
miR-155-5p in the spinal cord regulates hypersensitivity in a rat model of bone cancer pain
Authors: He Qiuli , Liu Lei , Wang Yahui , Xu Chengfei , Xu Miao , Fu Jie , Zhu Jianjun , Zhao Baoxia , Ni Chaobo , Yao Ming , Lin Xuewu , Ni Huadong
Published: September 2022

Background

Noncoding microRNAs have emerged as critical players of gene expression in the nervous system, where they contribute to regulating nervous disease. As stated in previous research, the miR-155-5p upregulation happens in the spinal cord at the nociceptive state. It was unclear if miR-155-5p is linked to bone cancer pain (BCP). Herein, we aimed at investigating the miR-155-5p functional regulatory function in BCP process and delineating the underlying mechanism.

Methods

The miRNA-155-5p levels and cellular distribution were determined by RNA sequencing, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Immunoblotting, qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, immunofluorescence, recombinant overexpression adeno-associated virus, small interfering RNA, intraspinal administration, and behavioral tests were utilized for exploring the downstream signaling pathway.

Results

The miR-155-5p high expression in spinal neurons contributes to BCP maintenance. The miR-155-5p blockage via the intrathecal injection of miR-155-5p antagomir alleviated the pain behavior; in contrast, upregulating miR-155-5p by agomir induced pain hypersensitivity. The miR-155-5p bounds directly to TCF4 mRNA’s 3′ UTR. BCP significantly reduced protein expression of TCF4 versus the Sham group. The miR-155-5p inhibition relieved the spinal TCF4 protein’s down-expression level, while miR-155-5p upregulation by miR-155-5p agomir intrathecal injection decreased TCF4 protein expression in naïve rats. Additionally, TCF4 overexpression in BCP rats could increase Kv1.1. Moreover, TCF4 knockdown inhibited Kv1.1 expression in BCP rats. Indeed, TCF4 and Kv1.1 were co-expressed in BCP spinal cord neurons.

Conclusion

The study findings stated the miR-155-5p pivotal role in regulating BCP by directly targeting TCF4 in spinal neurons and suggested that miR-155-5p could be a promising target in treating BCP.
Market mindset hinders interpersonal trust: The exposure to market relationships makes people trust less through elevated proportional thinking and reduced state empathy
Authors: Kuzminska Anna Olga , Gasiorowska Agata , Zaleskiewicz Tomasz
Published: September 2022

In a series of five experiments, we provided evidence that evoking the market mindset negatively affects trust. We found that the market mindset reduces trust compared with the communal mindset (Experiment 1) and a neutral condition (Experiment 2). Next, we examined the psychological mechanisms behind the detrimental effect of the market mindset on trust and found that this effect was mediated by enhanced proportional thinking (Experiments 3 and 4) and reduced state empathy (Experiments 4 and 5). Finally, in a preregistered Experiment 5, we showed that these two psychological mechanisms are relatively independent.
An adaptive Kriging-based structural reliability analysis method combing dichotomy and improved convergence criterion
Authors: Zhou Chengning , Liu Caixue , Yang Taibo , He Pan , Peng Cuiyun , Zhe Na
Published: September 2022

Traditionally, analysis requires very large number of calculations; some engineering applications in particular require time-consuming numerical efforts. Classical reliability analysis methods with combinations of surrogate models can relieve the computational burden. An active learning reliability method that combines kriging and Monte Carlo simulation has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years. However, it is often challenging to find the most suitable sample point and speed up the convergence. In this paper, a method is proposed to deal with this problem, in which two strategies are employed: an active learning method is proposed to search the most suitable sample point in a specific region using the dichotomy method; an improved convergence criterion is developed based on standard deviation to improve the convergence speed. In addition, taking advantage of the excellent characteristics of Subset Simulation, a method for dealing with small failure probability problems is proposed based on the above strategies. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approaches are tested using three numerical examples and one finite element example. Results demonstrate its accuracy.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Extracellular and Pericellular Matrix of Articular Cartilage
Authors: Hernandez Paula A. , Moreno Miranda , Barati Zahra , Hutcherson Conner , Sathe Adwait A. , Xing Chao , Wright Jamie , Welch Tre , Dhaher Yasin
Published: September 2022

Objective

Women have a higher prevalence and burden of joint injuries and pathologies involving articular cartilage than men. Although knee injuries affecting young women are on the rise, most studies related to sexual dimorphism target postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that sexual dimorphism in cartilage structure and mechanics is present before menopause, which can contribute to sex disparities in cartilage pathologies.

Design

Bovine knee was used as a model to study healthy adult cartilage. We compared elastic moduli under compression, abundances of extracellular and pericellular matrix (PCM) proteins using proteomics, and PCM constituency with tissue immunofluorescence. The gene expression of matrix-related genes under basal, anabolic, and catabolic conditions was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

The equilibrium modulus was higher in male cartilage compared with female cartilage. Proteoglycans were not associated with this biomechanical dimorphism. Proteomic and pathway analyses of tissue showed dimorphic enriched pathways in extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins in which male cartilage was enriched in matrix interconnectors and crosslinkers that strengthen the ECM network. Moreover, male and female tissue differed in enriched PCM components. Females had more abundance of collagen type VI and decorin, suggesting different PCM mechanics. Furthermore, the activation of regenerative and catabolic function in chondrocytes triggered sex-dependent signatures in gene expression, indicating dimorphic genetic regulation that is dependent on stimulation.

Conclusions

We provide evidence for sexual dimorphism in cartilage before menopause. Some differences are intrinsic to chondrocytes’ gene expression defined by their XX versus XY chromosomal constituency.
Individual–Community Misalignment in Partisan Identity Predicts Distancing From Norms During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reid Allecia E. , Eamiello Madison L. , Mah Andrea , Dixon-Gordon Katherine L. , Lickel Brian , Markowitz Ezra , Nteta Tatishe M. , Ginn Joel , Suh Se Min
Published: September 2022

This study investigated whether misalignment between an individual and their community in partisan identity predicted psychological and behavioral distancing from local COVID-19 norms. A nationally representative sample of Republicans and Democrats provided longitudinal data in April ( N = 3,492) and June 2020 ( N = 2,649). Democrats in Republican communities reported especially heightened better-than-average estimates, perceiving themselves as more adherent to and approving of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI; e.g., mask wearing) than their community. Democrats’ better-than-average estimates reflected high approval and behavior in Republican communities and substantial norm underestimation. Republicans in Democratic communities did not evidence worse-than-average estimates. In longitudinal models, injunctive norms only predicted NPI behavior when individual and community partisan identity were aligned. The strong personal approval-behavior association did not depend on misalignment; there were no effects of descriptive norms. Normative messages may have limited efficacy for a sizable subpopulation in politically polarized contexts, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Role and effectiveness of an information guide in improving catheter confidence and knowledge in junior clinicians
Authors: Brown George , Johnston Maximillian , Struss Werner , Somani Bhaskar
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Referrals to the on-call urology team for catheter-related problems are common. Experience and previous studies highlight that urology exposure and catheter skills are unsatisfactory in undergraduate training as well as in subsequent junior clinical practice. These deficiencies may compromise patient safety and delay appropriate treatment. This study aimed to assess catheter insertion confidence and associated knowledge in junior doctors and advanced nurse practitioners in a single teaching hospital and evaluate whether this could be improved by introducing a freely available catheter information and problem-solving guide.

Methods:

An online survey assessing confidence inserting two and three-way urethral catheters, changing suprapubic catheters and assessing knowledge related to common catheter problems was delivered to all non-registrar junior clinicians. Based on these results, an information guide was created and made freely available to these clinicians. The survey was then repeated to check for catheter-related knowledge and confidence.

Results:

A total of 58 junior clinicians responded to the initial survey and 61 to the repeat survey. Catheterisation confidence and knowledge was generally low in the first survey but improved in all areas and across all grades after the introduction of the information guide. Of the respondents, 100% thought the guide was helpful and 93.4% said they would use it in future.

Conclusions:

A catheter information guide is a simple and effective method of improving junior clinician confidence with catheter insertion and managing catheter-associated problems.

Level of Evidence:

This study does not directly correlate with a defined level of evidence.
Perspective of Uncertainty and Emotional Responses in Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Supriati Lilik , Sudiana I Ketut , Nihayati Hanik Endang , Ahsan  , Rodli Muhammad , Kapti Rinik Eko
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Breast cancer is a chronic disease that has implications for many aspects of the patient's life. Contracting the COVID-19 virus places cancer patients at a higher risk of infection. This condition triggers uncertainty which causes emotional responses.

Objective

The aim of this study was to measure the relationship between the uncertainty perspective of breast cancer patients and emotional responses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This study used an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from May to December 2021. The total sample of this study was 110 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Army Hospital of Dr. Soepraeon Malang, Indonesia. We used purposive sampling. The questionnaire used was a modified questionnaire from the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, a modified questionnaire from the Concerns about Recurrence Questionnaire, a modified questionnaire from the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale, and a modified questionnaire from the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS with a Spearman correlation test.

Results

The mean uncertainty of the respondents was 75.98 or in the moderate category, emotional response was moderate fear with a mean score of 18.40, the average anxiety score was 41.05 or normal, and the mean depression score was 15.96 or low depression. In addition, there was a significant relationship between uncertainty and the emotional response among breast cancer patients in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic ( p < .05).

Conclusion

This study showed that there was a relationship between uncertainty and emotional response among breast cancer patients. It is important for nurses to provide good information about the disease among patients by using therapeutic communication and paying attention to the negative emotional responses of breast cancer patients.
Pentalogy of Cantrell With a Maxillary Gap Identified at 12 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Yang Yang , Rahmani Rose , Li Tony Y.
Published: September 2022

Pentalogy of Cantrell (POC) is a rare syndrome, with an omphalocele and ectopia cordis (EC) being pathognomonic anomalies. In this case report, a 12-week fetus, for nuchal translucency (NT) assessment, displayed a sac protruding through the midline of the fetal abdomen and lower thorax. The fetus’ cardiac activity was detected within the sac. These sonographic appearances are consistent with omphalocele and EC, respectively. A thickened NT and cystic hygroma (CH) were also identified. An important finding was a 1.8 mm maxillary gap (MG), which is a new marker for possible early diagnosis of cleft lip and palate (CLP), in the first trimester. The coexistence of a MG with POC is unique.
Physical activity and its correlates in people with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review
Authors: Kinaupenne Manon , De Craemer Marieke , Schaballie Heidi , Vandekerckhove Kristof , Van Biervliet Stephanie , Demeyer Heleen
Published: September 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening genetic disease, affecting multiple life domains including physical activity (PA). Although higher PA levels are associated with multiple health benefits, little insight exists on the PA level of people with CF (PwCF) compared to healthy peers. Evidence on the influencing factors (i.e.correlates) of PA in this clinical population is scarce, but essential to fully understand their PA behaviour. Therefore, the present review aims to provide an overview of the PA level of PwCF compared to healthy peers, and the correlates of PA in PwCF. A systematic search of three databases resulted in 46 included studies. Analysis of 16 studies showed that the CF population is equally active compared to healthy peers, but there is a trend towards less high-intensity PA in youths with CF. Furthermore, PA is positively associated with quality of life, lung function, (maximal) exercise capacity, bone mineral density and quadriceps force. Also, PA was lower on weekdays compared to weekend days and lower when experiencing pulmonary exacerbations. More high-quality research is required in PwCF, particularly longitudinal studies that further explore the correlates of PA, with PA investigated as a primary outcome and measured objectively.