bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Single Market as the new world to the European Union: repercussions in social and institutional regulatory structure – the universal service and the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications’ (BEREC) redefinition
Authors: Abreu Joana Covelo de
Published: April 2018

Digital Single Market is the new world in the EU and it is perceived as primary public interest because it was one of the ways the EU found to become more financially attractive and better suited to innovation. To accomplish that, several legal solutions appear to be unsuitable for the present time EU is living in. Concerning electronic communications, its legal and regulatory framework needed to be recasted and a new Electronic Communications Code proposal was made by the European Commission. Among many innovative solutions, it aims at redefining EU universal service, to update it to connectivity solutions of our time, and at revising the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications’ role, granting it further competences on crossborder dispute resolution and articulation between European institutions and national regulatory authorities. These dimensions rethink both social and institutional regulatory framework and this text wants to understand what their strengths and weaknesses are.
Current issues over electronic commerce in Brazil: vertical integration between platforms and payment systems, personal data protection and international regulatory cooperation
Authors: Veronese Alexandre , Cunha Marcelo
Published: April 2018

This article focuses on the trending issues about vertical integration between payment systems and the electronic commerce platforms from a Brazilian perspective. It describes the increasing international electronic commerce and it indicates three kinds of potential risks to consumers: direct, indirect and social. It shows that vertical integration can bring some benefits, which are very difficult to measure due to the related risks. The article creates a model of the remote commerce based on an evolution of a typology of typical trade relations to shed some light over the current automatization. Afterwards, the article states that the leakage of personal information coupled with vertical integration is a major threat to electronic businesses. It describes two international cases of mass data leakage to demonstrate the difficulties faced by the national systems in regulating transnational electronic commerce and data protection. Then, the article performs an assessment of the Brazilian legal system to conclude that there is a grave lack of integration of the electronic commerce regulations and that there is an absence of international cooperation provisions designed for electronic commerce. It concludes that Brazilian law may benefit from international experiences of personal data protection, and that the new legal provisions must take in account the risks associated with internationalization and vertical integration.
Electronic Health Program to Empower Patients in Returning to Normal Activities After Colorectal Surgical Procedures: Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: den Bakker Chantal M , Huirne Judith AF , Schaafsma Frederieke G , de Geus Charlotte , Bonjer Hendrik J , Anema Johannes R
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Long-term recovery takes longer than expected despite improved surgical techniques and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs. An electronic health (eHealth) care program (“ikherstel”) was developed to partially substitute perioperative care for patients undergoing colorectal surgical procedures. Successfully tested eHealth programs are not always implemented in usual care, and it is, therefore, important to evaluate the process to optimize future implementation.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the eHealth intervention was executed as planned.

METHODS

A mixed-methods process evaluation was carried out alongside a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT). This evaluation was performed using the Linnan and Steckler framework for the quantitative part of this study, measuring the components reach, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, and participants’ attitudes. Total implementation scores were calculated using the averaging approach, in which the sum of all data points is divided by the number of data points and the total adherence to the protocol is measured. For the qualitative part, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology framework was used. The quantitative data were based on participants’ questionnaires, a logistic database, a weblog, and participants’ medical files and were obtained by performing semistructured interviews with participants of the RCT.

RESULTS

A total of 151 participants of 340 eligible patients were included in the RCT, of which 73 participants were allocated to the intervention group. On the basis of the quantitative process data, total implementation scores for the website, mobile app, electronic consult, and activity tracker were 64%, 63%, 44%, and 67%, respectively. Participants in the qualitative part experienced the program as supportive and provided guidance on their recovery process after colorectal surgery. Most frequently mentioned barriers were the limited interaction with and feedback from health care professionals and the lack of tailoring of the convalescence plan in case of a different course of recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

The intervention needs more interaction with and feedback from health care professionals and needs more tailored guidance in case of different recovery or treatment courses. To ensure a successful implementation of the program in daily practice, some adjustments are required to optimize the program in a blended care form.

CLINICALTRIAL

Netherlands Trial Registry NTR5686; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC= 5686 (Archieved by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75LrJaHrr)
Secular Trends in Infection-Related Mortality after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Kinnunen Susanna , Karhapää Pauli , Juutilainen Auni , Finne Patrik , Helanterä Ilkka
Published: April 2018

Background and objectives

Infections are the most common noncardiovascular causes of death after kidney transplantation. We analyzed the current infection-related mortality among kidney transplant recipients in a nationwide cohort in Finland.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Altogether, 3249 adult recipients of a first kidney transplant from 1990 to 2012 were included. Infectious causes of death were analyzed, and the mortality rates for infections were compared between two eras (1990–1999 and 2000–2012). Risk factors for infectious deaths were analyzed with Cox regression and competing risk analyses.

Results

Altogether, 953 patients (29%) died during the follow-up, with 204 infection-related deaths. Mortality rate (per 1000 patient-years) due to infections was lower in the more recent cohort (4.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.5 to 6.1) compared with the older cohort (9.1; 95% confidence interval, 7.6 to 10.7); the incidence rate ratio of infectious mortality was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.68). The main causes of infectious deaths were common bacterial infections: septicemia in 38% and pulmonary infections in 45%. Viral and fungal infections caused only 2% and 3% of infectious deaths, respectively (such as individual patients with Cytomegalovirus pneumonia, Herpes simplex virus meningoencephalitis, Varicella zoster virus encephalitis, and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection). Similarly, opportunistic bacterial infections rarely caused death; only one death was caused by Listeria monocytogenes, and two were caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only 23 (11%) of infection-related deaths occurred during the first post-transplant year. Older recipient age, higher plasma creatinine concentration at the end of the first post-transplant year, diabetes as a cause of ESKD, longer pretransplant dialysis duration, acute rejection, low albumin level, and earlier era of transplantation were associated with increased risk of infectious death in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

The risk of death due to infectious causes after kidney transplantation in Finland dropped by one half since the 1990s. Common bacterial infections remained the most frequent cause of infection-related mortality, whereas opportunistic viral, fungal, or unconventional bacterial infections rarely caused deaths after kidney transplantation.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MONOSODIUM GLUTAMAT TERHADAP KADAR HORMON ESTRADIOL DAN KADAR HORMON PROGESTERON PADA TIKUS PUTIH BETINA (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Ani Andri
Published: April 2018

Perubahan pola demografi di negara maju dan negara berkembang, angka kejadian infertilitas di negara maju dilaporkan sekitar 5%-8% dan di negara berkembang sekitar 30%.WHO memperkirakan sekitar 8%-10% atau sekitar 50-80 juta pasangan suami istri di seluruh dunia mengalami masalah infertilitas, sehingga membuat infertilitas menjadi masalah mendesak. Untuk itu diperlukan pengendalian infertilitas, salah satunya adalah kewaspadaan perubahan gaya hidup, perubahan ini juga mempengaruhi pola konsumsi makanan dengan lebih banyak mengkonsumsi jenis makanan cepat saji yang banyak mengandung zat aditif (penyedap rasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian monosodium glutamate terhadap kadar hormon estradiol dan kadar hormon progesteron pada tikus putih betina ( Rattus norvegicus ).

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan post test only control group design, terhadap tikus putih betina dengan berat 200 – 250 gr. Sampel terdiri dari 24 ekor tikus yang dibagi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol ( K ), perlakuan I, II dan III . Kelompok perlakuan diberikan monosodium glutamat dengan dosis masing-masing : 45 mg, 54 mg dan 63 mg setiap hari diberikan peroral yang dilarutkan dengan aquabides 2 ml selama 20 hari yang dimulai pada awal fase proestrus. Setelah 20 hari perlakuan tikus di korbankan dan diambil darahnya. Pemeriksaan kadar hormone estradiol dan progesteron menggunakan Elisa Spectrophotometer.  Kemudian hasilnya dianalisa dengan menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Multiple Comparison jenis Bonferroni.

Hasil penelitian pemberian  monosodium glutamat dengan dosis 45 mg/ ekor/ hari, 54 mg/ekor/ hari dan 63 mg/ ekor /hari dapat menurunkan kadar hormon estradiol tikus putih betina (Rattus norvegicus) secara signifikan. Dan pemberian monosodium glutamate dengan dosis 45 mg/ ekor/ hari dapat menurunkan kadar hormon progesteron tikus putih betina (Rattus norvegicus) walaupun tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan , dan pada dosis 54 mg/ekor/ hari dan 63 mg/ ekor /hari memberikan pengaruh  terhadap penurunan kadar hormon progesteron secara signifikan.

Dapat di simpulkan ada pengaruh pemberian monosodium glutamat terhadap penurunan kadar hormon estradiol dan kadar hormon progesteron  pada tikus putih betina (Rattus norvegicus). Disarankan Untuk pemeriksaan kadar hormon sebaiknya dilakukan segera setelah pengambilan darah. 
Branching out: new JCOM América Latina for dynamic science communication community
Authors: Weitkamp Emma , Massarani Luisa
Published: April 2018

April marks a milestone in the history of JCOM, with the launch of new features for the International, English language journal alongside the launch of a sister journal, JCOM América Latina which will cater for the dynamic and fast growing Spanish and Portuguese speaking science communication community. Luisa Massarani, a long standing JCOM Editorial Board member, has led the development of JCOM América Latina and will act as the Editor for the new journal. JCOM and JCOM América Latina will work closely together, providing free, open access publishing for science communication research across the globe.
ALTERNATIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS CONTRA A AIDS DESENVOLVIDAS A PARTIR DA BIOTECNOLOGIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Baptista Vitória Ingrid Christina da Silva Pequeno , Caseiro Marcos Montani , De Souza Cleide Barbieri
Published: April 2018

Mundialmente, desde a década passada, houve grandes avanços nas pesquisas biotecnológicas direcionadas a diferentes alternativas terapêuticas contra a AIDS (Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida), visando a melhora da condição de vida do paciente. Deste modo, a biotecnologia vem cada vez mais se destacando nesta linha de pesquisa. Apesar de outros países possuírem um maior incentivo financeiro para o desenvolvimento de tais pesquisas resultando em uma maior evidência na comunidade científica. O Brasil tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço, bem como estímulos das agências de fomentos à pesquisa, visando o desenvolvimento de inovações biotecnológicas em várias instituições de pesquisas brasileiras, as quais estão grandemente contribuindo nos avanços sobre as alternativas terapêuticas contra a AIDS. Para tanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o desenvolvimento de novas alternativas terapêuticas realizadas pelas instituições de ensino e pesquisa do Brasil onde utiliza a biotecnologia ao combate contra o vírus da AIDS.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIAS EM UNIDADES DE ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO VALE DO RIO PARDO, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Rasquinha Bruna dos Santos , Nunes Gabriela Quadros , Adami Fernanda Scherer , Fassina Patricia
Published: April 2018

Objetivos: Avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UANs) de escolas de educação infantil e ensino fundamental, bem como comparar as condições sanitárias entre as escolas. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal, desenvolvido entre agosto e setembro de 2015 em 24 UANs escolares de um município do Vale do Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da Portaria nº 78/2009, a qual constitui um checklist de 153 critérios distribuídos em 12 categorias. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences da IBM®, versão 20.0, considerando o nível de significância de 5% (p
NÚCLEO DE ORIENTAÇÃO DE ALTA HOSPITALAR: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO SERVIÇO SOCIAL EM UMA RESIDÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL
Authors: Marques Douglas , Kuss Cristine , Meneghini Karine
Published: April 2018

Este artigo descreve a experiência da inserção do Serviço Social junto ao Programa de Residência Integrada Multiprofissional com Ênfase em Urgência e Emergência do Hospital de Pronto Socorro-HPS de Porto Alegre, no período de março de 2015 a fevereiro de 2017. Objetiva-se analisar os limites e as possibilidades para a implementação do Núcleo de Orientação de Alta Hospitalar-NOAH no Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre, em 2016. Optou-se por uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com delineamento por meio de estudo de caso e pesquisa documental. Sugere-se que a sua implementação perpassa os desafios ligados as situações em que o paciente não conta com a rede familiar de apoio. Contudo, o diálogo com profissionais de outras áreas, pode incidir positivamente na construção do plano de alta hospitalar segura e protegida.
POTENCIAL ANTIMICROBIANO E ANTIBIOFILME IN VITRO DE ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO EUGENIA, MYRTACEAE, NATIVAS DO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Kauffmann Carla , Venter Soares Ana Paula , Arossi Kelen , Pacheco Leandra Andressa , Buhl Bárbara , De Freitas Elisete Maria , Hoehne Lucélia , De Castro Luís César , Baggio Gnoatto Simone Cristina , Ethur Eduardo Miranda
Published: April 2018

O controle de infecções bacterianas tem se tornado um problema de saúde pública, despertando o interesse pela pesquisa de substâncias com ação antimicrobiana ou inibidora da formação de biofilme a partir de plantas. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano de espécies do gênero Eugenia, nativas do sul do Brasil, contra Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Folhas de E. anomala, E. arenosa, E. hiemalis, E. pitanga, E. pyriformis e E. rostrifolia foram submetidas ao processo de maceração com diferentes solventes, resultando nos extratos bruto, hexânico, clorofórmico, acetato de etila e etanólico. Os diferentes extratos foram caracterizados fitoquimicamente através de cromatografia em camada delgada. As atividades antimicrobiana e antibiofilme dos extratos, nas concentrações de 4,0 e 0,4 mg/mL, foram avaliadas em microplacas através da medida de densidade óptica, com auxílio do corante cristal violeta, contra S. aureus (ATCC 25923) e P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Flavonoides, taninos, terpenos e saponinas foram identificados nas amostras. Atividade inibidora sobre o crescimento planctônico de P. aeruginosa superior a 90,0% foi observada para o extrato bruto de E. anomala, extrato etanólico de E. arenosa e extrato bruto de E. pyriformis, na concentração de 4,0 mg/mL. Ainda, o extrato etanólico de E. arenosa, na concentração de 4,0 mg/mL, inibiu em aproximadamente 50,0% a formação de biofilme de P. aeruginosa. Os extratos etanólico e clorofórmico de E. hiemalis e o extrato etanólico de E. pyriformis, na concentração de 4,0 mg/mL, inibiram completamente o crescimento planctônico de S. aureus. Os extratos hexânico 4,0 mg/mL, hexânico 0,4 mg/mL e clorofórmico 4,0 mg/mL de E. hiemalis apresentaram efeito inibidor sobre a formação de biofilme de S. aureus superior a 90,0%. Ainda, as espécies nativas do bioma Pampa, E. arenosa, E. anomala e E. pitanga, apresentaram ação inibidora de formação de biofilme na concentração de 0,4 mg/mL, superior a 50,0% sobre S. aureus, contudo sem interferência no crescimento de células planctônicas. Este estudo, além de avaliar pela primeira vez a atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme das espécies nativas do gênero Eugenia contra S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, demonstrou a potencialidade das espécies estudadas como antimicrobianas, destacando-se aquelas originárias do bioma pampa – E. anomala, E. arenosa e E. pitanga, como possível fonte para o desenvolvimento de fármacos.
CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDO DE QUESTIONÁRIO PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE CRENÇAS SOBRE O ENSINO DA TEMÁTICA ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR
Authors: Scarparo Ana Luiza Sander , Marques Tania Beatriz Iwaszko , Del Pino Jose Cláudio
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o processo de construção e validação de um questionário destinado à identificação de crenças sobre o ensino da temática alimentação saudável no ambiente escolar. O questionário foi elaborado utilizando uma escala do tipo Likert, para constatar o grau de concordância do participante com cada afirmativa proposta. As afirmativas foram estruturadas com base na literatura das áreas de nutrição e de educação e foram avaliadas por especialistas, que analisaram conteúdo, formulação e pertinência. A versão final do questionário foi composta por 54 afirmativas, que foram agrupadas em eixos, de acordo com o conteúdo. O questionário consiste em um instrumento para identificação das crenças relacionadas ao ensino da temática alimentação saudável, que pode ser aplicado em diferentes atores envolvidos com a alimentação escolar, permitindo, entre outras possibilidades, constatar a visão tanto de profissionais como de acadêmicos da área de educação e nutrição sobre o assunto.
ASPECTOS RELEVANTES NA FORMAÇÃO DE MANIPULADORES DE ALIMENTOS QUE ATUAM NA ALIMENTAÇÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Scarparo Ana Luiza Sander , Baldasso Paula Leite , Lopes Elaine Ferreira da Silva , Rockett Fernanda Camboim , Venzke Janaína Guimarães
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma nova abordagem para as ações de formação destinadas aos manipuladores de alimentos que atuam na alimentação escolar, fornecendo subsídios que auxiliem os responsáveis pelo planejamento e execução destas formações, e, consequentemente, propiciem uma melhora na qualidade do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. A formação de manipuladores de alimentos constitui uma ação integrada e de responsabilidade de diversos atores ou seguimentos, que poderão contribuir de formas diversas, em diferentes etapas do processo da formação, principalmente, com suas experiências e conhecimentos específicos de sua área. Para a formação contínua dos manipuladores, sugere-se uma prática teórica metodológica fundamentada na Pedagogia Crítica da Educação, que traz como eixo a problematização e como ponto de partida a prática do planejamento participativo. Deve-se ter em mente que para efetivar a formação contínua serão necessárias ações a curto, médio e longo prazo, que estarão contempladas nas etapas de planejamento, de execução e de avaliação. Ao planejar uma formação deve-se levar em consideração, como eixos norteadores, que a alimentação escolar é um direito dos estudantes e constitui-se como um espaço pedagógico, no qual os manipuladores de alimentos possuem papel relevante, o qual deve ser valorizado. Aconselha-se que a formação dos manipuladores de alimentos tenha momentos individuais e coletivos, considerando o tempo de serviço, as vivências e as experiências dos funcionários, abordando assuntos para além das boas práticas na produção dos alimentos.
Corporate governance, ownership and control: A review of recent scholarly research
Authors: Kostyuk Alex , Mozghovyi Yaroslav , Govorun Dmytro
Published: April 2018

This manuscript is aimed at highlighting the most recent trends in corporate governance, ownership and control based on the manuscripts presented at the international conference “Corporate Governance, Ownership and Control” that took place in Rome on February 27, 2018. We have also used reputable papers published in the relevant academic journals in the past to support the arguments stated by the authors of the papers, presented at the conference. This paper covers a wide range of corporate governance topics in corporate ownership and control toward corporate governance mechanisms, such as board of directors, the board diversity, directors’ remuneration, firm performance, auditing and accounting, etc. We saw a growing interest of researchers to widen the scope of their major research to link it to corporate ownership and control issues. Currently, corporate governance research follows two major routs: classical empirical corporate governance research and multidisciplinary research aimed at findings non-conventional methods to solution of existing problems.
A Pharmacogenetic Approach to the Treatment of Patients With PPARG Mutations
Authors: Agostini Maura , Schoenmakers Erik , Beig Junaid , Fairall Louise , Szatmari Istvan , Rajanayagam Odelia , Muskett Frederick W. , Adams Claire , Marais A. David , O’Rahilly Stephen , Semple Robert K. , Nagy Laszlo , Majithia Amit R. , Schwabe John W.R. , Blom Dirk J. , Murphy Rinki , Chatterjee Krishna , Savage David B.
Published: April 2018

Loss-of-function mutations in PPARG cause familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) and severe metabolic disease in many patients. Missense mutations in PPARG are present in ∼1 in 500 people. Although mutations are often binarily classified as benign or deleterious, prospective functional classification of all missense PPARG variants suggests that their impact is graded. Furthermore, in testing novel mutations with both prototypic endogenous (e.g., prostaglandin J2 [PGJ2]) and synthetic ligands (thiazolidinediones, tyrosine agonists), we observed that synthetic agonists selectively rescue function of some peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) mutants. We report on patients with FPLD3 who harbor two such PPARγ mutations (R308P and A261E). Both PPARγ mutants exhibit negligible constitutive or PGJ2-induced transcriptional activity but respond readily to synthetic agonists in vitro, with structural modeling providing a basis for such differential ligand-dependent responsiveness. Concordant with this finding, dramatic clinical improvement was seen after pioglitazone treatment of a patient with R308P mutant PPARγ. A patient with A261E mutant PPARγ also responded beneficially to rosiglitazone, although cardiomyopathy precluded prolonged thiazolidinedione use. These observations indicate that detailed structural and functional classification can be used to inform therapeutic decisions in patients with PPARG mutations.
Austrian versus Hungarian bauxites in an Alpine tectonic context: a tribute to Prof. Andrea Mindszenty
Authors: Tari Gábor , Linzer Hans-Gert
Published: April 2018

The correlation between the Cretaceous bauxites of Austria and Hungary was first highlighted by the pioneering work of Andrea Mindszenty in the 1980s. The physical distance today between these bauxite occurrences, located in the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Transdanubian Central Range, is on the order of hundred of kilometers. However, a semi-quantitative palinspastic reconstruction of their relative positions at the time of bauxite deposition during the Late Cretaceous (Turonian to early Santonian) shows their much closer proximity. Still, the important differences between these Upper Cretaceous bauxites are due to their different paleogeographic settings during their deposition on a subaerially exposed Eo-Alpine nappe substratum. Some other differences, such as porosity, are attributed to the subsequent tectonic overprint in the Alpine edifice. The Austrian and Hungarian bauxites not only record important information about of the syn-depositional geologic landscape but also provide clues about the pre- and post-depositional regional tectonic context of the areas where they developed. The typical setting for many of the Cretaceous bauxites in the broader Alpine region was uplift and karstification associated with the formation of various flexural basin systems. Therefore bauxites, in general, may contain important geologic information about the regional geodynamic processes, as it was pointed by Andrea Mindszenty, in a pioneering manner, already in the early 1990s.
Jézus többi tanítványa, nőtanítványai és származási helyük
Authors: LÉSZAI Lehel
Published: April 2018

Jesus’ Other Disciples, Women Disciples and their Place of Origin.
The election and mission of Jesus was followed by the vocation and election of the disciples. Jesus called and elected his disciples on the basis of his sovereign will. Their call reminds us sometimes of the vocation of the Old Testament prophets. His disciples did not have to endure a period of probation as the followers of the Teacher of Righteousness in Qumran and they were not elected to study the Torah as the disciples of the rabbis. The goal of the rabbis was not to bind their disciples to their own person but to teach them devotion to the Torah. Therefore, it was quite common for a disciple to leave his rabbi, and find another one if he thought that the new teacher could provide him better instruction. The goal of the Greek philosophers was the same: not to attach the student to their person but to teach them to search for the truth which was above both of them. Jesus called his disciples – among whom some were from the group of disciples of John the Baptist – not for theoretical teaching but for the continuation of his service. When they were called, they had to abandon their jobs, their homes, their relatives, in one word everything, and they even had to give up their lives. Jesus elected twelve disciples because by this he indicated that he has laid claim to all twelve tribes of Israel, and through his disciples he gathers the old- new people of God for salvation. Some of the disciples were poor and others were rich, and they were people having different livelihood. Among them there were tax collectors, who served the Roman Empire without any reservation previously, and zealots who formerly belonged to the radical Jewish party. Jesus gathered all these men around him and transformed them into new persons. Many people queried the moment of coming into being of the Twelve’s group. Those stated that they were the outcome of the congregation’s faith after Easter, or the outcome of Mark’s fantasy which was placed before Easter. It cannot be denied – despite many suppositions and attractive hypotheses which assert the contrary – that Jesus called and elected the twelve disciples before Easter. Their election was from a larger group of disciples. It was not necessary for everyone to leave everything behind in order to follow him, because he had many disciples who remained at home, and female disciples, who served him from their wealth on the way. The disciples came geographically from Galilee, which is significant with regard to their later mission.
Elkophat-e az időtlen bűn az időben? Vladimir Jankélévitch a kvázi-bocsánat egyik formájáról
Authors: VISKY Sándor Béla
Published: April 2018

Can the Timeless Sin Wear Off With Time? Vladimir Jankélévitch on a Form of Quasi Forgiveness.
In Jankélévitch’s opinion, time changes man as it changes the river into which one cannot step twice. Suffering and experience, a pneumatic intertwining of two transcendent things, change both the criminal and the victim; therefore, the crimes can be proscribed because of this futurity. But Jankélévitch states, proscription can by no means replace forgiveness. Forgetting cannot be a moral attitude. Deficient remembering is superficiality, while too intense remembering is rage. But integrating the evil as an experience, using the test of forgiveness as the champion of morality reveals a spiritual greed; a truly moral man does not act as if his injury has not even occurred, although paradoxically, for himself, it indeed has not occurred. According to Jankélévitch, true forgiveness is the greatest gesture of love besides self-giving, which cannot be left to time or oblivion. If it is left to time, we face the grotesque example of the statute of limitations of war crimes, where something which is an unforgivable sin one day, is no longer a sin the next day. This is why forgiveness must be sudden and immediate. Its necessity is not dissolved by the length of the perpetrator’s penance, or by the victim’s forgetting which attenuates the rage and the early pain, while the spark of rancor is still preserved deep down in the soul. At the same time, forgiveness does not undo the crime. Moreover, according to Jankélévitch, there is a difference between personal injury and crimes committed against world order. Whoever is angry with the perpetrator of the latter is rightful in being so, and forgiveness would mean to betray this rightfulness. This is the “righteous anger”, which is an expression of faithfulness to values and martyrs. Leaving a timeless crime up to time is not a viable path: time can heal, but it cannot redeem.
A 20.század történelmi eseményeinek jelentősége a Görög katolikus Egyház számára Szlovákiában (Csehszlovákiában)
Authors: BOHÁCS Béla
Published: April 2018

Historical Events of the 20th Century and Their Relevance for the Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia (Czechoslovakia).
In 2018, the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Prešov commemorates the 200th anniversary of its establishment. Throughout its existence, the eparchy experienced its heyday and there were times when the eparchy struggled and suffered. The darkest period was the total liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church by the totalitarian regime in the years of 1950–1968. The eparchy resumed its activities in 1968 during the “Prague Spring”. The period of unrestricted activities of the eparchy, however, commenced after the “Velvet Revolution” in 1989.
Abacs Márton és Zalányi László vitája és a hit artikulusai
Authors: KOLUMBÁN Vilmos József
Published: April 2018

The Dispute between Márton Abacs and Laszló Zalányi and the Principles of Faith.
Disputes regarding economic issues, like the one that lasted from spring until the autumn of 1751 was not unique events in the history of the Reformed church in Transylvania. The influential and respected Abacs family had numerous conflicticts with their contemporary of church dignitaries. When their personal interests and demands needed, the members of the Abacs family did not take into account anyone or anything. They reached their goals using less legal methods. Abacs Márton junior became a priest of Torda (Turda) taking advantage of the support of the wealthy nobility of Torda (Turda), and as a “devoted brother” he also tried to obtain another congregation of the city for his brother. Besides the economic dispute with Zalányi László, it was also a Reformed dogmatic conflict between the two. Abacs accused Zalányi of apostasy of the Reformed faith, but later, as a former student with theological education gained in Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca), managed to clarify his religious position. Their dispute reached the Consistory, where they soon remedied their divergences on economic issues. However, in order to investigate Zalanyi’s supposed apostasy, a broader analysis of the Consistory was needed. On this occasion, the Bishop of the Reformed Church emitted an interesting document of dogmatic history, called the Fundamental Articles of Faith. The document clearly demonstrated that in the middle of the 18th century the official position of the Reformed Church was still based on the official doctrines of Orthodox Protestantism. It denied the idea of free will, human goodness, and sustained the idea of original sin.
Néhány ötszáz éves levél…
Authors: MARJOVSZKY Tibor
Published: April 2018

Some 500 Years Old Letters...
The article presents a few letters of Desiderius Erasmus from 1518 about diverse topics, like Literature, Church, European history, everyday life in Renaissance age. These letter are published at first time in Hungarian language.
A vallástanár önismereti és spirituális kompetenciája
Authors: GORBAI Gabriella Márta
Published: April 2018

The Self-knowledge and Spiritual Competence of the Religion Teacher.
The person and the interpretation of profession of the religion teacher is one of today’s central problems. Theological competence, discussion and dispute competence, developmental psychology-diagnostic competence, and pedagogical competence are all linked to the religion teacher’s competence profile. However, this study only aims at discussing self-knowledge and spiritual competencies. Self-knowledge has two pivotal aspects from the religion teacher’s point of view: on one hand, the teacher’s own development of personality, knowing themselves aids forming a positive relationship with the pupils, which is the bedrock of the effective transfer of information, and on the other hand, by transmitting personality development methods achieved through personal experience, the religion teacher offers a device for developing self-knowledge to the pupils. Discussing the spiritual competence is relevant, because the religion teacher has to be ready for regular introspection in front of God in the personal religious life, and also, for a continuous growth in faith.
Familienrekonstruktion – eine Methode der systemischen Seelsorge und der Seelsorgeausbildung
Authors: HÉZSER Gábor
Published: April 2018

Family Reconstruction – a Method of Systemic Pastoral Care and Pastoral Education.
Family therapy used reconstruction method intentionally first as a methodologically independent group procedure in the training of therapists, but later this approach entered into therapeutic practice. While the aim of the reconstruction work could be multiple the relevance of the method for pastoral care lies in the possibility, that not only a “personality-specific credo” but also a “family-specific credo” can be observed (K. Winkler). In search of repeated patterns and a “family-specific credo,” this article presents some methods of reconstruction work specifically for pastors or pastoral workers: genogram provides an overview of the multigenerational structure and recurring patterns of a family; “timeline” helps to capture and understand family events and significant facts in the lives of individual family members in synopsis; “family sculpture” offers the opportunity to present key events in the family history in such a way that they are not primarily tied to linguistic expressive possibilities. As a result, until then “fixed” interpretations and evaluations of the individual or shared experiences can change qualitatively. Another result can be the deconstruction of family secrets. Because certain topics are subject to a generational taboo and are often associated with strong guilt and anxiety, they must not be talked about, though, mostly, everyone knows about it. When secrets become disk-functional, they can be crippling for family interactions. In the article below we present some useful questions of the so-called circular approach to help professionals understand the function of the family mystery. Another tool used in family reconstruction is the reinterpretation of old stories. There are always several possible views of certain events. During a family reconstruction interpretations of certain events that causes blockages and withholds people from reconciliation or keep them in painful experiences, a discovery of new interpretation is possible. The experience remains, but the individual interpretation is changed. In those following, the article presents three examples of the application of family reconstruction in pastoral care and pastoral education. First the possibilities of training and advanced training in special pastoral care is presented. One of the core questions lie in the choice of the individual for the special field. For education and training is indispensable that the family roots of such job choices be identified. Secondly a job-related application of family reconstruction comes detailed. Third a reconstruction approach in intercultural and therapeutic pastoral care is presented. Repatriate families often experience an identity crisis in their new environment that can be so severe that they require psychiatric treatment. In such cases, there are good experience in therapeutic pastoral care with a longer family reconstruction.
Szubjektív realitásunk formálásának és céljaink elérésének új aspektusai: a kvantumfizika, pszichológia és a teológia találkozása
Authors: KRASZNAY Mónika
Published: April 2018

New Aspects of the Forming of Our Subjective Reality and Aiming Our Goals: the Encounter of Quantum Physics, Psychology and Theology.
We intend to deal with the area of the new science of the 20ᵗʰ century, about the world and human consciousness, and revolutionary new statements about the possibilities of interaction of them which theories and discoveries are also relevant to the theology. The findings were emerged by quantum physics place our existing knowledge about world, human conscience in entirely new lightning, pointing to the possibilities of forming our life more consciously, and the responsibility of human in relation to his life. For theology, pastoral psychology it inevitably raises questions of prayer, meditation, contemplation, the narrower and broader sense of faith, faith and belief systems, desires, goals to achieve mental, psychological (thoughts, visualization, self-emptying) aspects.
Dobos János prédikációs jegyzékének kiegészítése
Authors: SZETEY Szabolcs
Published: April 2018

Additions to the Sermon List of János Dobos.
János Dobos (1804–1887) was one of the most determining figures of the Hungarian Reformed Church in the 19ᵗʰ century. Places of his pastoral service were: Lovasberény, Óbuda, Kömlőd, Pécel, Tóthfalu (Tahitótfalu), Cegléd. It is especially rare that his more than 500 original handwritten sermons remained in the Ráday Archive of the Reformed Church, Budapest. In 2007, I began to deal with the life and preaching legacy of János Dobos. During the processing of the preaching legacy, it was found that not only the Ráday Archive, but also the Reformed Library of Debrecen has original autograph manuscripts. In addition to the original manuscripts, I found copies in various libraries and collections. I also searched and collected the printed sermons of János Dobos. In 2012, the results of the research were presented in a book about János Dobos. In April 2017, I found two further original handwritten sermons of János Dobos in Cluj, in the Library of the Protestant Theological Institute of Kolozsvár, after 2012 one original manuscript in Budapest, and six other sermons in print in various books and periodicals. This study presents the nine new discovered sermons as additions to the sermon list of János Dobos.
Isten kertésze – a vallástanár személye
Authors: PÜSÖK Sarolta
Published: April 2018

God’s Gardener – the Character of the Religion Teacher
This topic is always an actual issue, every generation has to reconsider it. The present
study tries to integrate and enumerate the relevant Hungarian Reformed literature
referring to the subject.
The most precious tool/instrument: In the religious education the relationship between
the Holy Spirit, the pupil and the teacher is very significant. The latter acts
like an important tool in God’s hand, playing a key role when it comes to answering
the existential questions of the pupils.
Two-sided approach: The religion teacher does not simply provide information
through lessons, they encourage the right perception of God and the relationship
with Him, thus their personal relationship with Him should be transparent, and
loving kindness should describe how they treat children.
“We are visible... we are being tracked, followed.” This subtitle is a quote referring to
the exemplariness of the religion teachers. In an era of paradigm crisis this problem
gets even more complex, what kind of patterns and ideals does a Christian school
provide? The religion teacher should act like an ideal, an example which is authentic,
honest and can admit their own failures.
The two secrets of a good educationist: self-understanding and self-identity.
Being a good teacher requires profound self-understanding viewing their past, and
conscious self-development in the future, Christian 4 dimensional growth .
Conclusion. The attitude of a religion teacher influences the social status of the
church and judgment of the whole Christian community through the pupils. Devoted,
committed teachers can make their work fruitful if they engage lifelong learning,
while they teach they constantly acquire new knowledge and skills.
Measurement of Air Springs Volume Using Indirect Method in the Design of Selected Pneumatic Devices
Authors: Urbanský Matej , Homišin Jaroslav , Kaššay Peter , Krajňák Jozef
Published: April 2018

At our department, we deal with continuous tuning of torsional oscillating mechanical systems (TOMS) during their operation in terms of torsional oscillation size. Therefore, a new mobile mechanical system was built for purposes of research and presentation of the TOMS continuous tuning using extremal control method, which main advantage is that we do not need to know a mathematical model of the mechanical system. The new mobile device is equipped with a special compressed air distribution system, which important components are air springs. The air springs are modified and used as air pressure tanks with various functions in the mobile device. Therefore, it is important to know the magnitude of the air springs inner volume. This paper deals with determination of air springs volume using indirect method, which is based on the air pressure measurement and also the comparison of obtained results with the results computed from air springs manufacturer data.
Numerical Analysis of Stress Intensity Factor in Specimens with Different Fillet Geometry Subjected to Bending
Authors: Lewandowski Janusz , Rozumek Dariusz
Published: April 2018

The article presents the maps of xx stress component and compares values of analytical and numerical calculations for the stress intensity factor range of welded specimens with fillet welds which subjected to cyclic bending. The tests were performed under constant value of moment amplitude Ma = 9.20 N·m and stress ratio R = σmin/ σmax = −1. The specimens were made of drag steel rod S355. The specimens were solid and welded. The numerical models were simulated with ABAQUS suite and numerical calculations performed with FRANC3D software.
Image Processing Techniques for ROI Identification in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients from Thermal Images
Authors: Wasilewska Agnieszka , Pauk Jolanta , Ihnatouski Mikhail
Published: April 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that manifests itself by joint inflammation, swelling, pain, tenderness and may involve extra-articular organs in severe cases. Joint inflammatory lesions are associated with higher temperature due to increased vascularity in the area of inflamed tissues. This papers aimed to identify heat patterns from ROIs to interpret the presence of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The thermovisual image sequences were collected from 65 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Infrared images were generated by a thermal scanning camera (FLIR E60bx Systems Inc., USA). Separate recordings of left and right foot temperature changes were performed for 3 minute periods. The temperature measurement was performed at the moment right after cold water immersion (post-cooling temperature) and at the moment after thermal recovery (post-recovery temperature). The recording of 3-minute foot thermal recovery was used for analysis. Automatically identified ROI corresponds to the area of the soft tissues covering cuboid and navicular bone.
Energy Absorbing Effectiveness – Different Approaches
Authors: Kotełko Maria , Ferdynus Mirosław , Jankowski Jacek
Published: April 2018

In the paper the study of different crashworthiness indicators used to evaluate energy absorbing effectiveness of thin-walled energy absorbers is presented. Several different indicators are used to assess an effectiveness of two types of absorbing structures, namely thin-walled prismatic column with flaws and thin-walled prismatic frustum (hollow or foam filled) in both cases subjected to axial compressive impact load. The indicators are calculated for different materials and different geometrical parameters. The problem of selection of the most appropriate and general indicators is discussed.
Water Retention in a Small Agricultural Catchment and its Potential Improvement by Design of Water Reservoirs – A Case Study of the Bílý Potok Catchment (Czechia)
Authors: Doležal Petr , Konečná Jana , Karásek Petr , Podhrázská Jana , Pochop Michal
Published: April 2018

Water retention in the landscape is discussed in the context of conservation and improvement of both its productive and non-productive functions. We analysed the retention potential of a small agricultural catchment associated with the Bílý potok brook, investigating the possibility to improve its retention capacity and slow down the surface runoff, thus increasing the underground water resources. Method of curve numbers was used for that purposes. From results, it emerged that present maximum water retention in the Bílý potok catchment is 96.2 mm. It could increase by 101.3 mm in case of grassing about 20% arable land threatened by soil erosion. As next possibility to retain water from precipitations in landscape, capacity and transformation effect of reservoirs designed in master plans was analysed. The latest programming tools working in the GIS environment were used to assess the retention capacity of both the catchment surface and the reservoirs. Analysing master plans in the catchment, it was found that 16 designed water reservoirs (from 31) have a good potential to intercept water and transform flood discharges. In the result, priority for building of reservoirs was recommended according to their pertinence and efficiency in the studied catchment. Presented complex approach can be widely implemented, especially for better effectivity and cohesion of landscape planning and land consolidations processes.
How Can Sweden Deal with Forest Management and Municipal Planning in the System of Ongoing Land-Use and Multilevel Planning?
Authors: Stjernström Olof , Pettersson Örjan , Karlsson Svante
Published: April 2018

This article studies the relation between territorial and functional planning by investigating the Swedish local comprehensive planning system and the forest management. The former is locally based and the latter is functionally based or sector-orientated. By interviewing planners from the County Administrative Boards responsible for monitoring the national interests in the Swedish municipalities and forest managers from the Regional Forest Agency Administration, we found out that forest- and municipality related issues that coincide or interact with each other is normally considered in the collaborative planning process based on consultations and cooperation between the involved stakeholders. Weaknesses in the collaborative planning system consists of lack of coordination between the involved legal frameworks as well as lack of local planning resources and in some cases competences.