bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE RISING MECHANISM IN LONG TUNNEL BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: Kim Haeyoung , Yamada Hitoshi , Katsuchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Soichiro
Published: February 2020

Abnormally high temperature inside the long, undergrounded tunnel is a problem in the urban area. As one of the countermeasures, a ventilation fan has been operated. However, the insufficient temperature reduction effect and high cost are an issue and improvement is required. In this study, in order to improve the operating plan of ventilation, the flow field and temperature distribution characteristics are clarified by computational thermal fluid analysis, and the operation of the optimum ventilation was decided. The dominant factors for the temperature rising were identified as traffic volume, lane axis wind speed, cross flow ventilation, and heat flux between tunnel body and air in tunnel. In the analysis, we focused on these four factors, and applied these factors obtained from long-term on-site measurement to the boundary condition and the initial condition. In addition, the amount of heat from vehicle traffic was calculated based on the measurement and the past report results. The analytical model is 1000 m partial tunnel section where the temperature rising was intense. The validation of numerical model was verified from the comparison between the analysis results and the measured values. It was confirmed that the effect of increasing lane axis wind speed as a countermeasure was not significant, and the ventilation amount of crosswind is recommended as 60 m3/s.
ON THE REDUCTION OF PRESTRESSING FORCE NEAR SUPPORTS IN PARTIALLY PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Authors: Oukaili Nazar
Published: February 2020

Straight tendons in pretensioned members can cause high-tensile stresses in the concrete extreme fibers at end sections because of the absence of the bending stresses due to self-weight and superimposed loads and the dominance of the moment due to prestressing force alone. Accordingly, the concrete tensile stresses at the ends of a member prestressed with straight tendons may limit the service load capacity of the member. It is therefore important to establish limiting zone in the concrete section within which the prestressing force can be applied without causing tension in the extreme concrete fibers. Two practical methods are available to reduce the stresses at the end sections due to the prestressing force. The first method based on changing the eccentricity of some tendons by raising them towards the end zone. The second method is based on bond prevention by encasing some of the tendons in plastic sheathing, effectively moving the point of application of prestressing force inward toward midspan for part of tendons. The present study focuses on a proposed third method to reduce the effect of the prestressing force near end supports by using straight strands with limited initial prestressing value in compression zone. New equations were suggested for the cracking moment and the prestressing force which consider the prestressed tendons in compression zone.
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: Lokce Sevgi , Goksu Ersan
Published: February 2020

Prestressed Concrete Technology developed by the middle of the last century depending and the increase in material qualities steel and as well as concrete. Compared to the conventional reinforced concrete the P.C technology is not widely distributed and applied in all over the world. Knowledge, Materials, Equipment and so called 'Patents' are still under the monopoly of some Industrial Countries. Process to develop the P.C. technology in underdeveloped countries even in developed countries is a special issue and will be treated in this paper. Research and to develop 'KnowHow' i.e. Procuration, Projecting, Consulting, Execution and the Monitoring as well as methodical approach of Marketing will be discussed with concrete examples and case studies. In due time the mistakes and failures which prevents the development of this High Building technology will be emphasized to have the attention of the investors and the concerning Engineers and Architects.
RETROFITTING OF RC BEAMS USING ULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: Garg Varun , Bansal Prem Pal , Sharma Raju
Published: February 2020

Shear deficient structures have been strengthened or repaired by using various methods, e.g., external pre-stressing, shotcreting, steel plate bonding, polymer impregnation, fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs). But there were problems with each of the above techniques as the use of FRP gives sudden failure due to de-bonding, steel plates got corroded after some time and several losses in the case of external pre-stressing. To overcome all the above problems faced in different retrofitting techniques, a new cementitious material with ultra high performance characteristics like very high compressive strength (above 110 MPa), high tensile and flexural strength due to the addition of fibers, very less permeable and high workability i.e. UHP-FRC came into existence. In the present study, shear deficient RC beams initially stressed to a prefixed percentage, i.e. 60% of the ultimate failure load are retrofitted using UHP-FRC. Retrofitting is done using side face retrofitting. From the study it is seen that the ultimate load carrying capacity of RC beams retrofitted with UHP-FRC is significantly increased with side face retrofitting. Moreover, this technique also increased the ductility and energy absorption of RC beams which resulted in the usefulness of UHPFRC as a retrofitted material.
SCHEDULE RISK ANALYSIS OF RAILWAY PROJECTS USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATION FOR IMPROVED PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mabeba Motlatso , Pretorius Jan Harm C , Pretorius Leon
Published: February 2020

Railways have been used throughout history for the transportation of goods. Even though the inception of rail transport improved civilization, due to its inefficiencies, road transport is at present dominating the freight and logistics industry. Company A, which has the largest market share in the rail freight business, has embarked on projects to improve rail efficiencies by moving higher volumes of freight timeously. Most of the projects embarked on by Company A have failed largely due to the poor planning of the projects in the feasibility stages. Most of the planning schedules are overoptimistic and unrealistic making them unreliable and difficult to track. The scope of this study was to investigate the way in which planning schedules of Company A are developed by undertaking a schedule risk analysis on one of the planning schedules titled 'Design of railway exchange yard' and using Monte Carlo simulation to validate the schedule. If projects of Company A can be planned better, using schedule risk analysis, projects can become more successful and completed within the required time frame.
CHALLENGES FACED BY PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY
Authors: Mashwama Nokulunga Xolile , Aigbovboa Clinton , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku
Published: February 2020

Partnerships, of any kind, come with challenges and obstacles that might be a threat to the success of the vision they have. PPPs are faced with a lot of challenges when it comes to infrastructure delivery in South Africa and across the globe. Hence, the study was conducted to determine the challenges faced by Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the South Africa. The data in this paper was obtained from secondary and primary sources. 90 structured questionnaires were distributed to construction stakeholders in the public and private sectors, who were involved in the PPP's projects in South Africa in the Gauteng province. 80 Questionnaires were brought back and were valid for use. The study revealed that: PPPs are inflexible; there is limited trust between public and private sector professionals; lack of sufficient time to implement PPPs; reduced control of public assets; conflict of interest between private and public sector; public acceptability; PPPs are not integrated into sector planning, lack of resources dedicated to fostering PPPs, a policy bias toward traditional public procurement and against PPPs, lack of fiscal imperative to use PPPs and policy on PPP changes with changes in political leadership, etc. The research has revealed that PPPs are lacking at the highest levels of leadership especially at governmental level. Also, PPPs must be favored in general, not in specific circumstances.
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY INTENSITY IN HARSH WEATHER CONDITIONS
Authors: Moohialdin Ammar S.M. , Lamari Fiona , Miska Marc , Suhariadi Bambang T.
Published: February 2020

Harsh Weather Conditions (HWC) are environmental hazards that directly affect construction worker's health and safety, with a corresponding negative impact on their productivity. Climate predictions predict worsening scenarios of hot and humid weather conditions extending into regions not previously subject to HWC. The predictions pose a significant potential risk and elements of current practices in the construction industry seriously compromise workers' safety and productivity. HWC have been shown to have impacts on individuals and influence working environments which taken together lead to inhibiting the achievement of practical, safe and productive practices. This research aims to highlight the need to automatically identify the construction activity intensity in HWC, with proposing a conceptual framework of computerized vision analysis (CVA) system. This framework includes construction activity matrices that classify steel, formwork, and concreate work into macro and micro movements, with including the engaged materials, tools, and equipment. This system is expected to help in measuring the impacts of HWC on construction workers' safety and its implications on their productivity by identifying the activity intensity level and worker's idle time at the crew levels.
BOND STRESS-SLIP OF STRAND IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SLEEPERS
Authors: Askarinejad Hossein , Xie Weiwo , Le Son , Suntharavadivel T. G.
Published: February 2020

Continuous vertical force on sleepers gradually degrades the bonding between the concrete and the prestressing strands. In particular, the vertical wheel loads can be significantly amplified due to irregularities on the wheel or on the track. This can eventually result in cracking or splitting of concrete along the strands leading to the structural failure of concrete sleepers. The bond between strand and concrete is an important factor which can directly or indirectly influence the cracking and splitting failure of the sleeper. This paper reports a series of pullout tests undertaken on specimens with 85 MPa concrete (nominal strength) and 7-wire prestressing strands replicating typical prestressed concrete sleepers produced in New Zealand. The results are discussed and compared in terms of the loads causing the first strand slip and also the bond stress-slip relationship. The results show that longer water curing time does not necessarily increase the bond between strand and concrete in prestressed concrete sleepers. This behaviour can be attributed to the effect of shrinkage and the trade-off between strength and shrinkage influenced by water curing. The obtained results can contribute to determining optimum sleeper curing time to achieve required strength and bonding and is valuable for concrete sleeper manufacturers where curing process is associated with considerable cost and logistical issues.
CRUSHING CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL PARTICLE ON THE EFFECT OF STRESS PATH
Authors: Fukuda Keigo , Yamamoto Haruyuki
Published: February 2020

In previous studies, we have conducted tests under various conditions of stress for the particle crushing. Anyway, it is necessary to perform the crushing test that assumed stress conditions in ground under controlled each principal stresses individually, to find the mechanical characteristics of the soil with particle crushing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm the effect for particle crushing under various stress paths in the combination of principal stresses. We planned four combinations of principal stresses when operate the mean stress p and deviatoric stress q up to the Shear Failure Line (SFL) on the 𝜋-plane. First, we set tri-axial extension test as Lode angle 𝛳=60° and tri-axial compression test as 𝛳=0°, and set two of the remainder as 𝛳=40°, 20°. The crushing tests are carried out using the high pressure true tri-axial compression apparatus under the planned stress paths. As a result, the progress of the particle crushing becomes active in order of 𝛳=40°, 20°, 60°, 0°, and found out that deviatoric stress q has essential effect on the particle crushing.
DESIGN AND PLANNING OF SCAFFOLDING SYSTEM
Authors: Hara Takashi , Shimomura Katsukiyo
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the automatic design method of scaffold was proposed. This method was programmed using web based PHP program under the safety standard and the designer's know-how. The size and the numerical quantity of the scaffold were calculated considering the relation between the scaffolding condition and the constructing structure. Three dimensional positions and the numbers of the individual scaffold materials were calculated and recorded in the data server simultaneously. Then, three dimensional structural drawings were made automatically using the AutoCAD with VBA by using the previously designed material positions. Therefore, 3D drawings were done automatically. From the proposed design method, the precise quantities of scaffold materials were obtained. Also, the drawing of the scaffold was done automatically without any laborious drawing by hands.
EFFECTS OF THE INITIAL DEFLECTION SHAPE ON THE MOMENT AMPLIFICATION FACTOR OF BEAM-COLUMNS
Authors: Utsunomiya Haruna , Haraguchi Masayuki , Kido Masae , Tsuda Keigo
Published: February 2020

In the design of slender steel beam-columns, the moment amplification factor is used to estimate the maximum moment along with the longitudinal direction. While formulas for evaluating the factor have been presented on the basis of elastic or elastic-plastic analysis, the initial deflection of the column is not considered. The effect that the initial deflection on the strength and behavior of the column has been shown only when the initial deflection shape is half sine wave. This paper discusses the effect of the initial deflection shape on the value of the moment amplification factor by performing the analytical work. The analytical model is the hinged-end beam-column subjected to constant axial compressive force and end moments. First of all, the equilibrium differential equation which governs the problem is solved and the formula for calculating the bending moment is presented. In the parametric study, magnitude of initial deflection, initial deflection shape, axial load ratio, slenderness ratio and end moment ratio are selected as the parameters. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the amount of the initial deflection and the initial deflection shape.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE YOUNG’S MODULI AND TENSILE YOUNG’S MODULUS OF FLY ASH CONCRETE
Authors: Mimura Yoichi , Vimonsatit Vanissorn , Watanabe Yuki , Horiguchi Itaru , Yoshitake Isamu
Published: February 2020

Initial cracks due to volume changes at an early age affect the durability of concrete structures, so numerical simulations are often conducted in order to predict cracks. Such prediction requires some mechanical properties of early age concrete. Tensile Young's modulus is directly dependent on the prediction of tensile stress and is one of the important input data for FEM analysis. However, direct tension test for tensile Young's modulus needs a unique apparatus and specimen, and such test is not suitable for evaluating Young's modulus at early ages of concrete. The present study compared tensile Young's modulus with compressive Young's moduli of Fly ash concrete. Compressive Young's moduli used in this study were secant modulus and initial tangent modulus. In addition, linear modulus taken from a regression line of a compressive stress-strain curve in the range of stresses less than the splitting tensile strength was also evaluated. It is found that the secant modulus, which is generally used as Young's modulus in Japan was clearly smaller than the tensile Young's modulus, which means that, tensile stresses evaluated using a secant modulus might be underestimated. On the other hand, linear modulus and initial tangent modulus were almost equal to the tensile Young's modulus. This result indicates that tensile stresses can be evaluated using Young's modulus obtained from a compression test with general apparatus and specimens.
Effect of process recording and self-compassion on self-focus: A pre-post interventional pilot study
Authors: Kurebayashi Yusuke , Harada Yusuke
Published: February 2020

Research Problem/aim: This study examined whether process recording increases self-focus, and whether this effect is moderated by self-compassion.

Methods: Participants included 31 undergraduates in Tokyo. A pre-post-test design was used. Participants completed measures including self-focus and self-compassion before and after process recording. Participants were divided into high and low self-compassion groups. Findings: Overall, the mean rumination and reflection scores were 42.0 and 37.9, respectively, at pre-intervention. The low self-compassion group (n = 14) showed no significant changes in either subscale. The high self-compassion group (n = 17) showed a significant reduction in rumination.

Conclusions: Overall, process recording does not influence self-focus, but does reduce rumination in those with high self-compassion. Enhancing self-compassion is needed before using process recording to prevent excessive rumination.
The Supermakets Global Chain
Authors: Zomkowksi Salvi Vinícius
Published: February 2020

Successful business depends on successful internal and external Supply Chain. From company requirements to tier supplier relationship, companies want to gain and keep customers. This article studied Supermarket supply chains. It tried to find positive and negative attributes, it did a gap analysis of those attributes and it dedicated deeply in techniques of integration and synchronization such as VMI, ECR and CPRF to prove the importance of a successful supply chain management.

It was got 14 positive and negative attributes such as POS data, collaborative planning, collaborative and automatic replenishment, controlled inventory and developed logistics tools as cross docking, third parties, and RFID. Negative attributes can be, for instance, a complexed logistics operations and difficulties in implementing synchronization.
Sustainable Marketing: A Marketing Revolution or A Research Fad
Authors: Kortam Wael , Mahrous Abeer A.
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to demonstrate that while marketing and sustainability might seem to be as different as "A Polar Bear and A Bengal Tiger", there is growing evidence that the two disciplines have something to offer each other and the universe. With a view toward gaining this synergy, this research proposes that a lasting sustainability marketing as an academic discipline and managerial practice must aim deliberately and thoroughly to reassure itself as an outstanding potential for a marketing revolution and distance itself away from the danger of ending up as a quick-shot research fad. Conclusively, a sustainability marketing revolution can be sparkled and kept alive and a sustainability marketing research fad can be avoided and reversed through a number of highly recommended visible venues of marketing research and managerial pursuits.
Moral Hazard in Agricultural Yield Insurance
Authors: Luo Boyingzi
Published: February 2020

In agricultural yield insurance practices, there are two main categories of insurance products which differed from the targeted insured yield, namely area-yield based insurance and individual-based insurance. A common knowledge is that individual-yield based insurance has more flexibility that could meet the real demand of insureds, while having much more severity of moral hazard and higher administration costs. Relatively, area-yield based insurance has lower risk of moral hazard, but obtaining bias, or so-called basis risk at the same time. In this paper, we use an improved modified Miranda Decomposition Model to establish a theoretical framework of farmers behaviors when assuming their goals are to maximize the expected rate of return in agricultural production process under both individual-yield and area-yield insurance. The results show that these two distinct arrangements may cause different motivation to farmers, seducing them act or not act in moral hazard manner.
Poverty Alleviation Programme and Poverty Reduction in Anambra State. Evidence from Women Business Ownership
Authors: Ozoh Joan N. , Metu Amaka G. , Stephen M. Chukwuka , Madueke Chinwe
Published: February 2020

The fight against poverty is one of the key components of the development of any country. If the percentage of poor people is high, there will be slow development. The government policies and program such as YOUWIN, Better Life is aimed at encouraging entrepreneurship and supporting women into business. Despite these efforts, poverty incidence still increases among women in micro business. This study examined government alleviation programs and dimension of poverty among women into micro business in Anambra state, Nigeria. It is a descriptive survey research. Probability and non- probability sampling technique were employed in which the samples were drawn using multi-stage sampling and purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The findings of this study showed that most women participating in micro business are not aware of poverty reduction programs and do not have access to such programs. The study also found out that most of the women still experience hardship, no access to infrastructure, no good health care system and low standard of living which indicates that poverty has not reduced. The study recommended among others that the government should target its reduction policies towards the multidimensional indicators (good infrastructure, good health care system etc.) of poverty in order to eradicate poverty.
Using Stanford’s Design Thinking Model at the Rural Village Level
Authors: Lane Paul , Christopher KC
Published: February 2020

A case history of a rural workshop using the Stanford Design Thinking Model in a -remote part of the Rio San Juan Nicaragua.  The program is run under UNICAM UNAN-Managua believed to be the largest program of its kind.

It is a chance to see how both facilitators and participants can learn in very simple settings.  It is a chance to understand what kinds of things are impacting the lives of rural people in their quest for the basics of existence such as food and water.

Most of all it is a living action  of the dream of bringing top level  education to the rural people of Nicargua. All the action takes place in a simple rancho at the edge of the Rio San Juan where participants come by canoe, and by foot.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS , A CASE OF TEACHER PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND DEVELOPMENT TOOL IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NYANDARUA SOUTH SUB- COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Ibrahim Khatete
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the monitoring and evaluation of teacher effectiveness a case of Teacher Performance Appraisal and Development tool (TPAD) in public secondary schools in Nyandarua South Sub-county, Nyandarua County, Kenya. The study was set to achieve three objectives; To determine the influence of teacher clog in and clog out exercise on teacher performance in public secondary schools in Nyandarua South Sub-county, Nyandarua county Kenya, to examine the influence of teachers’ class registers on teacher performance in public secondary schools and to determine the influence of teachers adherence to school deadlines on their performance in public secondary schools. The study was guided by Performance Appraisal Model and benefited from descriptive survey research design. The target population was all 18 public secondary schools in Nyandarua south sub-county. The respondents were 18 Principals, 18 deputy Principals 20 H.O.D s and 90 teachers being a sample size of 30 percent of the entire public school population. Teachers were sampled using simple random sampling to obtain five teachers in every sampled school, totaling to 90 teachers. Questionnaires, interview guide and document analysis guide formed the instruments used for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze collected data. The study findings revealed that monitoring of teachers on their reporting on duty and leaving from duty improved the teachers stayed in school hence more contact time between teachers and learners in school, the monitoring of teacher class attendance improved teachers’ syllabus coverage. A majority of the schools are completing the syllabus coverage in time. The teachers are now able to do revision as they prepare students for examinations and promotion to the next grades. The meeting of deadlines has created a positive culture among the teachers in the schools. The teachers now look at meeting the deadlines set by the schools as a good thing that is making them more responsible. Lastly the strategies being used to monitor teachers attendance on their duties has resulted into impressive performance of teacher in their duties. Based on the findings and Conclusions of the study, it is recommended that TPAD tool for monitoring teachers on time management should be emphasized. The practice should be borrowed and applied to other areas of school operations.
Inequality of Opportunity for Education in Sudan: Results from Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, 2014
Authors: Ahmed Huda
Published: February 2020

Inequality of opportunity (IoP) in education is widely addressed in the literature, with few, if any, in Sudan. This paper aims to measure IoP for educational attainment and school attendance in Sudan, using data collected by Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (2014). Circumstance variables used were gender, household wealth, residential areas, head of household education, and region of residence. The study used ordered logistic and dissimilarity index to assess the ex-ante IoP and used the Human Opportunity Index for school attendance. The findings show that circumstance variables were responsible for more than half of the inequality. Household wealth accounted for the largest share, followed by the household head's education level, then residential areas. The total coverage of school attendance was 51.3%, and about 14% of the chances were distributed unequally. The study recommended effective policies based on spatial redistribution of educational resources like teachers, books, schools, and to implement more comprehensive plans that integrate poverty reduction strategies.
Exploring Importance of Onnlin;e Review on Price
Authors: Berger Paul D. , Chen Qiuyi , Tang Jiaye , Furqan Muhammad
Published: February 2020

This paper considers the importance of online reviews and their effects on different parameters of a business’ product or service. We use Airbnb as our source of data and tested customer reviews and other variables within the business to determine their influence on Airbnb’s price. We performed our study primarily by using stepwise regression analyses. The results of our analysis are potentially helpful for businesses to develop their marketing and pricing strategies based on how significant variables are.

 

Keywords: Airbnb, number of reviews, overall satisfaction score, stepwise regression analysis, pricing strategy
Fiscal Thoughts and Their Evolution before the 19th Century
Authors: Han Qing
Published: February 2020

The tradition of English classical public finance thinks the government are out of the society and can intervene it. Base on former thought and the market failure theory, the mainstream public finance has a clear tendency to oppose the market and the government. This approach not only ignored the political functions of government but also cannot explain the PPP and NPM. The cameralism’s view of the government provided new ideas for explaining this issue. Through the analysis and comparison of the financial thoughts of Britain and Germany before the 19th century, this paper clarifies the evolutionary logic of British fiscal thought, compares the similarities and differences between the British and German financial thoughts. Besides this paper also discusses the roots of these two traditions view of the government. The fiscal theory of cameralism not only reflects the subjective initiative of the government but also conforms to the reality of our country. These traditions interdisciplinary research tendency should also be re-emphasized.
Self-Monitoring as a Personality Variable in Tinto’s Theory of Integration
Authors: Smith Wade , Forbes Sean , Robichaux-Davis Rebecca , Guarino Anthony J.
Published: February 2020

One weakness of Tinto’s (1993) model is its inability to identify early dropouts (Webb, 1988), which may be due to the theory’s inattention to personality traits.  Self-monitoring (Snyder, 1974) may be an important trait related to dropout.   This study hypothesized low self-monitors, compared to high self-monitors would be more likely to (1) have higher initial commitment levels, (2) achieve higher academic integration, (3) accomplish greater social integration, and (4) persist in college. Path analysis confirmed all hypotheses. Self-Monitoring was demonstrated to be an important personal characteristic in Tinto's Theory.  Application of theses findings are discussed.
Continuous Relevance to ‘Unspeakable Wrongness’ in Orwell’s A Hanging: A Transitivity Analysis
Authors: Alam Md
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT:

This paper is an interdisciplinary study of Orwell’s queer-literary genre piece i.e. “A Hanging” with an insight into the “unspeakable wrongness” across that 1931short story / essay by the application of Halliday’s linguistic tool of “Transitivity”. The functional linguistic theory of transitivity is very instrumental in exploring “ideational meaning” about the “on-goings” of characters’ material and mental world as expressed and documented in literature. Albeit comparatively less noticed, Orwell’s “A Hanging” is a superb experiential documentation of his intolerance and disapproval of all unspeakable wrongness in all forms found in “colonialism”, “imperialism”, and “capital punishment”, discovery of all of which through the story has an extended significance and current century relevance. The study comes up with a convincing “cosmopolitan call” for the abolishment of capital punishment. Orwell goes as a narrator mentally aloof from his imperialist fellows and stands as one “odd out” with a deciphered “anti-imperialistic” impulse inside him which marks out colonialism as the very wrong “metamorphosing” power that is in itself demoralizing and makes it a huge impossibility of “equity” among universal humanity. Orwell ended up with a “Geliliolic discovery” of imperialism paving the way of only “oppression and deprivation” of the colonized and injecting a “generic moral decay” inside them; so Orwell cuts his professional “cohortship” with this giant, wrong, inhuman system that practices far-fetched, unconvincing “power imbalance” on earth by taking away the powerless races’ “freedom of speech”, and that bursts into a large scale of “moral decay” and “hollowness” of human hearts.
Character Education Of TNI in Facing Globalization Challenges
Authors: Ghazalie Ghazalie
Published: February 2020

This study discusses the concept of TNI character education not yet ready to face the challenges of globalization. This conclusion is based on the current mental condition of the TNI which is still evidenced by the completion of the soldiers. In addition, differences were also found in TNI character education, namely in the aspects of the organization, human resources, curriculum, methods, and facilities. The weakness of character education in some of these aspects needs to be modernized, because TNI character education has a significant effect on the formation of the mindset, attitudes and behavior of soldiers, so improving the character of a solid soldier education will produce good soldier attitudes and behavior. This study examines character education in the struggle of globalization by using qualitative research, giving meaning behind data, facts, phenomena related to using historical, sociological, and Islamic education. Classical background is used to reveal the educational background of the TNI character. Sociological relations are used to see the relationship and the relationship between the education of TNI characters and phenomena and influencing factors. The value of Islamic education is used to see Islamic values ​​transformed in the character education of the TNI. The main data source (primary) in this study is data obtained from field research (field research) through interviews, observation and documentation. Secondary data sources are books published with discussion, authoritative articles written by experts.
An Application of Structured Decision Making Process in Approaching Deforestation and Promoting Sustainable Forest Management of Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Zakaria A. F. M.
Published: February 2020

Deforestation is a global phenomenon with a critical recognition. It is very visible mostly in developing countries in Asia and Southern America. In many regions where forest loss is significant, so much effort has been garnered towards protecting the natural forest and promoting sustainable forest management (SFM). Evidence of such efforts includes the various policies, principles, and frameworks put in place both at the international and domestic levels. Despite these efforts, forest depletion continues to thrive at alarming rates particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. This paper brings out a plethora of complex causes and consequences of deforestation in Sylhet, Bangladesh, with the principal objective of using a structured decision-making (SDM) approach to address deforestation in Sylhet through a pluralistic stakeholder engagement that represents all the objectives of the various groups in a very understandable manner. Mainly deploying FGD to consult with different stakeholder groups, representing different interests working through the steps of SDM, the consultations developed a SDM framework with suggested alternative approaches towards addressing deforestation in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Based on the judgments of the consultations, suitable policy options for addressing deforestation in Sylhet, Bangladesh should focus on maximizing forest management, minimizing dependence on forest resources, and Alternative ‘A’ (Safe guarding forest by improving forest management). This case study provides insights on how SDM can be implemented for SFM in Sylhet, as well as some challenges and opportunities encountered during the process.
Między uniwersytetem a szkołą. Jak przygotować studentów specjalności nauczycielskiej do współczesnego kształcenia językowego
Authors: Rypel Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this article is to show the role of the university in the transfer of knowledge and to prepare future teachers to transfer this knowledge at school. This is an extremely important problem due to contemporary cultural and social changes causing very dynamic language changes. The methods used to describe the language are changing as well. The language education model is already anachronistic in Polish schools because it doesn’t respond to this evolutionm which is why universities must prepare future teachers to react to changes on their own.
Rozwijanie komunikacji funkcjonalnej w terapii dzieci z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu
Authors: Sławek Jolanta
Published: February 2020

In the article, the author presents issues related to developing functional communication in both verbal and non-verbal children with autism spectrum disorders. The most important strategies that can be used when working with ASD children are discussed, such as claiming an object or an action, making a choice or asking questions. At the same time, the author underlines the importance of early intervention in small children with autism which may improve their abilities when it comes to learning, playing and communicating as well as their social skills. It may also help in the area of problematic behaviour, such as fits of anger or aggression. Teaching an ASD individual to communicate in a functional way equips them with a tool for expressing their needs and emotions. It also influences their relations with other people, allowing them to fully participate in social life.
Prolog Ewangelii Jana w tradycji liturgicznej Kościoła prawosławnego – ku przekładom na język staro-cerkiewno-słowiański. Prolegomena
Authors: Szmajda Jarosław
Published: February 2020

The most important issues related to the Church Slavonic translation of the liturgical pericopes of the Good News of the Resurrection of Christ presented in this article indicate the appearance of a great number of variants unknown in the Slavic region. An attempt to translate them is to some extent an analysis of their theological content conducted by the translators and authors of particular manuscripts. In the seventeen verses of the Prologue of the Gospel of St. John, the development of the theological thought is apparent. This pericope begins with the creation of the world and concludes on a strong ecclesiological note. The most significant variants of the Church Slavonic translation of the liturgical pericopes for the Feast of the Resurrection of the Lord indicate and emphasise their essential theological content.
Neologizmy artystyczne jako przedmiot badań nad poprawnością językową (na materiale wybranych utworów Jacka Dukaja)
Authors: Mikołajczak Ilona
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to present the conclusions about checking artistic neologisms for lingustic corectness. The article begins the review of contemporary source literature that gradually eliminate fiction from resarch on linguistic corectness, in spite of long-standing tradition of using literary works. Then the author passes on a detailed analysis of criteria of linguistic corectness developed by Warsaw School of Lingustics, chosing Jacek Dukaj’s prose as subject of resarch and defending this choice. Futhermore, excerpts the fulfiling the criteria examples or not, also raises the questions of usefulness of all the criteria and the reference to category of literary genre, and what can be the mistake in fiction. The effect of this investigation is new hierarchical compilation of linguistic corectness criteria, created for the purposes of the codification.
Immunoinformatics taught to middle and high school pupils in IMGT®
Authors: Nguefack Ngoune Viviane , Pegorier Perrine , Bertignac Morgane , Chentli Imène , Giudicelli Veronique , Hadi-Saljoqi Saida , Jabado-Michaloud Joumana , Folch Geraldine
Published: February 2020

IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® (http://www.imgt.org), is the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. In 2019, for the first time, two pupils were welcomed within the team and introduced to immunoinformatics thank to the «Apprentis Chercheurs » programme founded by the association «l’Arbre des Connaissances ». This article describes the method and pedagogical approaches used, and demonstrates that immunoinformatics can be successfully taught to pupils of middle and high school.
Laser interference ablation by ultrashort UV laser pulses via diffractive beam management
Authors: Klein-Wiele Jan-Hendrik , Blumenstein Andreas , Simon Peter , Ihlemann Jürgen
Published: February 2020

The fabrication of periodic surface patterns on various materials by ultrashort ultraviolet (UV) laser pulses is reviewed. Laser interference ablation using two or more coherent beams leads to deterministic, strictly periodic patterns. The generation of the interfering beams is accomplished by diffractive optical elements like gratings, grating systems or computer-generated holograms. The recombination of the diffracted beams is performed by optical imaging or diffractive beam management. Ultrashort UV pulses are especially suited for generating micron- to submicron-sized deterministic periodic patterns on metals and semiconductors.
Serious games as an aid in the development of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Sochocka Anna , Mirocha Jakub , Starypan Rafał
Published: February 2020

This article contains the description of a web application created in order to help children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The application gathers simple serious games that are supposed to be an addition to the daily therapy, widening and intensifying its results. The article starts with a quick review of already created serious games for people with the autism spectrum and the Down syndrome. Later, it focuses on formal and technical details of the chosen solution. The main part of the publication contains descriptions of the particular games created for the application. The article explains the rules of each game and depicts it with a screenshot from the application. Finally, the reader can find the results of the tests conducted with the help of the parents of pupils attending one of Cracow’s special needs school. The tests, during which the children were encouraged to use the web application in their homes, lasted for a little more than 3 weeks. The final section also contains opinions of the therapists with more than 20 years of experience.
Enhancing the thermal stability, water repellency, and flame retardancy of wood treated with succinic anhydride and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Han Xiaoshuai , Wang Sijie , Lv Yan , Pu Junwen
Published: February 2020

The flame retardancy and dimensional stability of wood were improved by pretreating wood with succinic anhydride (SA), and then impregnating the SA-treated wood with melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin. The SA-treated wood obtained graft anchors on the cell wall, which reduced the water-absorbing groups of wood and enhanced the retention of the MUF resin, leading to an efficiently fire-proof protection layer and water repellency. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the grafting experiment was successful. The water repellency experiments revealed that the pretreated wood impregnated with MUF resin had enhanced hydrophobicity and great improvement in dimensional stability. In addition, the limiting oxygen index value of the modified wood increased by 74%, the flame-retardant performance was improved, and precious rescue time was provided for when a fire occurs. The facile two-step wood modification process substantially enhanced the thermal stability, water repellency, and fire-retardant performance of wood, and therefore represents a novel direction toward hydrophobic and fire-retardant structural materials.
Comparison of the effect of 12- and 24-session cardiac rehabilitation on physical, psychosocial and biomedical factors in ischemic heart disease patients
Authors: Sadeghi Masoumeh , Izadi Abdullah , Mahdi Hadavi Mohammad , Rafati Fard Mohammad , Roohafza Hamidreza
Published: February 2020

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a key component of effective care for patients with a wide spectrum of cardiac problems. It seems that the short-term provision of these services can facilitate their use and meeting of related needs for patients participating in the CR programs.

Materials and methods

In this interventional study on patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Chamran Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. One-hundred and twelve patients were randomly divided into two groups of 12 and 24 sessions of CR [mean age: 59.2 ± (9.02) and 60.7 ± (9.3) years, respectively] and underwent a CR program. All information was collected in two stages, before the beginning of the program and after completion of 12- and 24-session rehabilitation programs. The data collection tools were demographics questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), McNew Quality of Life Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).

Results

The results of this study showed that in both groups, total physical activity (PA) and functional capacity increased, and the quality of life (QOL) was statistically improved. Comparison of changes in mean differences at the end of the rehabilitation periods between the two groups, showed that only the weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the 24-session group significantly decreased compared to the 12-session group and, but no significant difference in other variables was observed.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings of this study support the overall benefits of the CR program in both the short and the long term. Therefore it can be suggested that a short-term program can still be a valuable option for reducing the risk in cardiac patients and meeting their service needs.
Valuation with Multiples: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Schueler Andreas
Published: February 2020

Estimating the market price of a company with multiples is common practice. Especially if several multiples are used simultaneously, the bandwidth of value estimates might be wide. The paper aims at narrowing down this bandwidth with a conceptual analysis. I analyze the different ways to average peer multiples, the links between common multiples (‘inter-multiple’ analysis), the relevance of their components (‘intra-multiple’ analysis) and the resulting choice between a bottom-up and a top-down approach for deriving a multiple, and the impact of differing capital structures.
Simplified Representation of Multichannel Thermal Unimolecular Reactions. II. Refined Parametrization of Formaldehyde Dissociation
Authors: Maergoiz Anatoli I. , Troe Jürgen , Ushakov Vladimir
Published: February 2020

Simplified representations of branching fractions for thermal unimolecular two-channel reactions are discussed. The dissociation of formaldehyde serves as an illustrative example. Quantum-corrected classical trajectory calculations on an ab initio potential energy surface are combined with master equation calculations for collisional energy transfer. The treatment accounts for roaming atom dynamics. The dependence of the channel branching fractions on the bath gas pressure and temperature, on the collision efficiencies, and on the difference of channel threshold energies, are explored. It is discussed to what extent the derived simplified representations of channel branching fractions can be generalized.