bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc-sulphate-heptahydrate coated activated carbon for microbe removal from stormwater
Authors: Guest R. M. , Schang C. , Deletic A. , McCarthy D. T.
Published: August 2012

There is a need to develop effective stormwater filters for passive (without any addition of chemicals or energy) and effective removal of pathogens in order to mainstream stormwater harvesting. This study focuses on the development of coated granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration material in order to develop filters for effective removal of pathogens from urban stormwater. Several laboratory trials were performed to gauge the effectiveness of the filters, which use a mixture of the zinc-sulphate-heptahydrate coated GAC and sand, on the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from semi-natural stormwater. On average, a 98% removal of the inflow concentration of E. coli was achieved. Furthermore, there was also an improvement of approximately 25% in the removal of phosphorous. However, it was found that the treated material was leaching zinc. It was important to determine whether the observed removal of E. coli was indirectly caused by the sampling methodology. The results showed that the inactivation of the E. coli in the collected sample was small compared with the inactivation which actually occurred within the filter. This provides much promise to the filter, but the presence of zinc in the outflow demonstrates the need for further investigation into the stabilisation of the coating process.
Dissolved oxygen, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus profiles in a continuous sand filter used for WWTP effluent reclamation
Authors: Xu Hongbin , Scherrenberg Sigrid M. , van Lier Jules B.
Published: August 2012

Continuous sand filtration (CSF) offers interesting potential for the extensive treatment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents for water reclamation and/or restrictive discharge. Research on concentration profiles over the height of the CSF shows that most bacteriological conversions are restricted to the lower part of the filter bed. Dissolved oxygen (DO) rapidly decreases to below 1 mg/L in the first 0.4 m of the filter bed, applying hydraulic velocities of 12.9 ∼ 14.9 m/h and 10 ∼ 20 mm/min sand velocities, independent of the methanol dosage. The DO decrease agrees with the observed decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD). At the given operational conditions, NOx-N and N-total removal is dedicated to the first 0.9 m of the filter bed. Results show that by optimising the CSF operational conditions the very restrictive effluent N and P values of 2.2 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively, as described in the European Water Framework Directive, can be met.
Olfactory and toxic impact of industrial odour emissions
Authors: Capelli L. , Sironi S. , Del Rosso R. , Bianchi G. , Davoli E.
Published: August 2012

This paper describes the approach adopted for the evaluation both of the odour impact and of the non-carcinogenic health effects relevant to odours in the city of Terni, Italy. The first part of the study focused on the quantification of emissions by means of dynamic olfactometry and chemical analyses. Dispersion modelling was then applied for the evaluation of citizens' exposure both to odours and to their non-carcinogenic toxicity. The results show that, on one hand, the odour impact is considerable, actually affecting almost the whole city of Terni. On the other hand, the toxic impact, expressed in terms of the Hazard Index (HI), is about three orders of magnitude lower than the level that is expected to bring adverse effects, over a lifetime exposure, for human health.
Assessment of odour and H2S impact in WWTPs by cryo-condensation
Authors: Juárez-Galan J. M. , Manjón Carlos , Flores Pedro , Valor Ignacio
Published: August 2012

Stability of gaseous samples is a major concern when dealing with odours and airborne pollutants sampling. In terms of odours, the representativeness of the sample can be very seriously compromised, despite the rigorous application of the maximum storage time established by EN-13725. The present paper is focused on the use of the cryo-condensation technique (Cryocore) for time-weighted-average (TWA) sampling in waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), with the aim of comparing the values of TWA odour and H2S concentration when using the Cryocore system and other well established sampling methods, such as those described in EN-13725 and passive sampling. The study showed comparable results when comparing all the methodologies tested.
Revision of Unicondylar to Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siddiqui Nashat A , Ahmad Zafar M
Published: August 2012

Isolated unicompartmental osteoarthritis in the young patient is a difficult problem to treat; they may be too young to consider total knee arthroplasty due to difficulties with inevitable future revision. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is one possible solution as it is perceived by some as being a smaller surgical insult than total knee arthroplasty, with easier revision to total knee arthroplasty than a revision total knee arthroplasty. A total knee arthroplasty performed as a revision unicondylar knee arthroplasty is thought by some authors to have equivalent functional outcomes to a primary total knee replacement.

However, there have been several studies suggesting that revision is not as simple as suggested, and that function is not as good as primary total knee arthroplasty.

We performed a systematic review of the literature regarding outcomes after revision of a unicondylar knee arthroplasty.

Although there are many studies proposing selective use of the unicondylar knee arthroplasty, there are a number of studies highlighting difficulties with revision and poorer outcomes, and, therefore, the unicondylar knee arthroplasty cannot be considered a small procedure that will 'buy time' for the patient, and have results equal to a primary knee arthroplasty when revised. Further controlled studies, ideally randomised, are required before final conclusions can be drawn.
Treating Stiffness After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Technical Note and Preliminary Results
Authors: Jaiswal Parag K , Perera Jonathan R , Khan Wasim , Rao Sudhir G
Published: August 2012

Total Knee Replacement is used to treat pain, stiffness and reduced range of movement. It has been estimated that a minimum of 90 degrees of range of motion in the knee is required for normal activities of daily living. In this article we demonstrate a technical note with a small patient series about the methods of treating knee stiffness after Total Knee Replacement.
The Evolution of Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Getgood Alan , Spalding Tim
Published: August 2012

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has evolved significantly since the early 1900’s, back when an emphasis was placed on repair and not reconstruction. Over the past century, the technique has evolved from intra-articular non anatomic reconstruction, to extra articular reconstruction, back to intra articular (performed arthroscopically), to now, the advent of anatomic insertion site restoration. This review will aim to illustrate the changes that have occurred, describing the rational for this process, based upon anatomical, radiological, biomechanical and clinical studies, all of which have aimed to improve patient function following ACL injury.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Osteoarthritis Progression
Authors: Wong James Min-Leong , Khan Tanvir , Jayadev Chethan S , Khan Wasim , Johnstone David
Published: August 2012

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture is a common sporting injury that frequently affects young, athletic patients. Apart from the functional problems of instability, patients with ACL deficient knees also develop osteoarthritis. Although this is frequently cited as an indication for ACL reconstruction, the relationship between ACL rupture, reconstruction and the instigation and progression of articular cartilage degenerative change is controversial.

The purpose of this paper is to review the published literature with regards ACL rupture and the multifactorial causes for osteoarthritis progression, and whether or not this is slowed or stopped by ACL reconstruction.

There is no evidence in the published literature to support the view that ACL reconstruction prevents osteoarthritis, although it may prevent further meniscal damage. It must be recognised that this conclusion is based on the current literature which has substantial methodological limitations.
The Non-Operative Treatment of Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Al-Hakim Wisam , Jaiswal Parag Kumar , Khan Wasim , Johnstone David
Published: August 2012

Anterior knee pain is a common presenting complaint, and in many cases no identifiable cause can be found. In these circumstances it is commonly known as anterior knee pain syndrome or patellofemoral pain syndrome. The management for this condition is most commonly non-operative. Treatment strategies include physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, orthoses and combinations of the above. There are many described methods in the literature with a wide spectrum of outcomes, which in itself is testimony to the lack of any generally accepted gold standard of care for these patients. It is thus unclear to the health care professional treating these patients which is the best treatment to offer. In this review we aim to summarise historical and most up to date literature on the subject and in so doing allow the health care professional pick whichever treatment strategy they feel most beneficial and also provide a guide for appropriate patient education.
Tissue Engineering for the Meniscus: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Tucker Bethan , Khan Wasim , Al-Rashid Mamun , Al-Khateeb Hesham
Published: August 2012

The menisci disperse the load at the knee joint. Removal of the menisci can lead to osteoarthritis due to the higher load placed on the underlying cartilage. If they become injured it is therefore important to replace or regenerate the meniscus to prevent the progression of osteoarthritis. Many materials have been trialled to find a scaffold that can withstand the stresses and strains across the joint without causing any adverse effects. This review looks at these materials further to clarify the current position of tissue engineering for the meniscus and to highlight the areas where further research is needed. A scaffold which can produce high qualityin vivoresults in everyone has not yet been found.
History of caesarean hysterectomy
Authors: Sparic Radmila , Kadija Sasa , Hudelist Gernot , Glisic Andreja , Buzadzic Snezana
Published: August 2012

Caesarean hysterectomy evolved as a life-saving procedure following caesarean
delivery. The concept underlying caesarean hysterectomy dates back to the mid
1700s and with a description of the procedure performed on laboratory
animals. Eduardo Porro of Milan performed the first planned caesarean
hysterectomy in which both the infant and the mother survived. He documented
his operation in a paper published in 1876. Porro advocated hysterectomy
combined with caesarean section to control post partum haemorrhage and to
prevent infection. The maternal death rate following the operation remained
high, but was substantly below the rate prior to the introduction of the
procedure. The Porro procedure contributed to more favourable outcome for
both the mother and the infant, having sterility and premature menopause as
its side effects. Fortunately, the need for the procedure was soon minimised
following the proposal to close the uterine incision with sutures. Although
elective caesarean hysterectomy is still a controversial issue, there is no
doubt that emergency post partum hysterectomy in case of massive obstetric
haemorrhage is potentially life-saving. Over the past decades, the
availability of potent uterotonics and broad-spectrum antibiotics, the
development of embolisation techniques, and new methods of vessel ligation,
have markedly reduced the need for caesarean hysterectomy, which, however,
remains an important procedure in modern obstetric practice.
Radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s esophagus high-volume center initial results
Authors: Simic Aleksandar , Skrobic Ognjan , Micev Marijan , Gligorijevic Mirko , Velickovic Dejan , Ivanovic Nenad , Pesko Predrag
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Barrett?s esophagus (BE) is a well established precursor of
esophageal adenocarcinoma. Both, surveillance and therapeutic strategies have
been proposed over the years. Recent development of endoscopic radiofrequency
ablation (RFA) brought new perspectives in the treatment of BE, with
excellent initial results. Methods: The study of 40 pts with macroscopically
visible BE on endoscopy and biopsy proven goblet cells presence, was
conducted from January 2010 until March 2012. In all pts a complete
symptomatic, endoscopic and manometric evaluation was performed. Initially
RFA HALO 90 and 360 were performed in 28 and 12pts respectively. Repeated
treatments were conducted in 7 pts. The overall number was 50, while the mean
number of RFA procedures per patient was 1.25. Results: The mean
circumferential length and maximal extent of BE were 1.61 and 3.29 cm
respectively. We did not encounter esophageal perforation or hemorrhage
during the procedure. Complications were transient short-term retrosternal
pain (23 pts) and dysphagia (11 pts). Three months after the RFA mean values
of cumulative symptom and heartburn score dropped significantly (p<0.05).
Functional diagnostics did not disclose any statistically significant
decrease of lower esophageal sphincter pressure or esophageal body
contraction amplitudes. One year follow-up was obtained in 26 pts and
revealed a complete macroscopically visible BE eradication. So far, in 19 pts
a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed up to 3 months after
complete RFA BE eradication. Conclusion: HALO RFA procedure is safe and very
effective in the treatment of pts with BE, does not lead to esophageal
function impairment, and produces no long term and serious side effects.
Talar injuries: The orthopedic challenge
Authors: Lesic Aleksandar , Zagorac Slavisa , Bumbasirevic Marko
Published: August 2012

Injuries of the talus represents an important part of the foot and ankle
trauma. Since talar bone connect the lower limb and foot, the sequelas of its
trauma could have significant influence on the function of the whole lower
limb and gait. The specific vascularization of the talus results in delayed
union and even in the avascular necrosis. The diagnosis of the fractures of
the talus can be made on the x-rays, but sometimes real picture of the
fracture pattern can be seen only in the CT scans. Ocult fractures such as
osteochondral fractures and avascular necrosis can be exactly detected on MRI
in aim not to be overlookded as the ankle sprain diagnosis. The precise
reduction and stable internal fixation is mandatory in the treatment to
enable the anatomical position of the talonavicular, talocrural and subtalar
joint and to make possible early motion and rehabilitation, without weight
bearing. On the other hand, crushed fractures, open fractures and the Hawkins
III - IV fractures with the dislocations of the talar body sometimes needs
salvage procedures like Blair or tibio-talar or tibio-calcaneal
fusion.
Influence of second or multiple tumours on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Hildebrand Philipp , Humke Janina , Oevermann Elisabeth , Schloericke Erik , Bürk Conny , Roblick Johannes , Hans-Peter Bruch , Czymek Ralf
Published: August 2012

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in
the Western world. A wide variety of prognostic factors for colorectal cancer
have been identified. There is, however, a paucity of literature addressing
the influence of multiple primary carcinomas on prognosis. We conducted the
present study in order to investigate the influence of second or multiple
primary tumours on the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Patients and
Methods: From 1992 to 2005, 1500 patients underwent surgery for colorectal
cancer at the University Hospital of Luebeck. Of these, 276 patients (19%)
had multiple primary malignant tumours. We performed statistical analyses
only on patients who underwent surgery with curative intent in order to
minimise additional prognostic factors. The patients were divided into groups
according to the time of multiple primary tumour occurrence. Data were
analyzed for various variables. Results: We did not detect any significant
differences in survival either between the various groups or between patients
with and without multiple primary tumours. Conclusion: The presence of
multiple primary carcinomas is not an independent prognostic factor in
patients with an index tumour of the colorectum. Multiple primary tumours are
thus not necessarily associated with a poorer outcome and patients should
receive curative intent surgery and appropriate follow-up care.
Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Cirovic Sanja , Cegar Bojan , Vjestica Jelena , Dundjerovic Dusko , Stojanovic Martina , Vuksanovic Aleksandar , Mitrovic Dragan , Lazic Miodrag , Tulic Cane , Markovic-Lipkovski Jasmina
Published: August 2012

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is important for cell migration and it
could be expressed in some renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In recent decades, the
incidence of RCC has been steadily rising by 2-4% each year. In this study
NCAM expression and correlation with nuclear grade in different RCC were
analyzed. We analyzed NCAM expression on 7 different RCC cell lines and 32
different RCC by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot and
FACS analysis. NCAM expression is detected in 6 cell lines and 16 RCC cases.
NCAM-140 kDa isoform is expressed in different RCC and RCC cell lines. NCAM
expression in non-invasive clear cell RCC is lower than in clear cell RCC
with high nuclear grade. Expression of NCAM is not exclusive for specific RCC
type, so NCAM can not be used as a specific diagnostic marker for RCC. NCAM
expression is in correlation with nuclear grade in clear cell RCC, suggesting
that NCAM expression is involved in aggressive behavior and metastatic
potential in RCC.
Malignant disease in renal transplant recipients: Our experience
Authors: Blagojevic-Lazic Radmila , Radivojevic Dragana , Andrejevic Vladan , Dzamic Zoran , Acimovic Miodrag , Milutinovic Drago , Djurasic Ljubomir , Hadzi-Djokic Jovan
Published: August 2012

Kidney transplantation is a treatment of choice for patient with end stage
renal disease. Chronic renal failure is characterized with weak cellular and
humoral immunity. In our paper we present our experience with presence of
malignancy in renal transplant patients. Urology clinic in Belgrade
transplanted 411 patients over the period of 16 years. Living donor
transplantation was performed for 272 and cadaveric kidney transplant for 139
patients. In the postoperative follow up, malignancies were diagnosed in 7 of
the transplanted patients. Three patients developed basal cell skin
carcinoma, one was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the transplanted kidney,
one developed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and testicular
tumors were diagnosed in two patients. Postoperative immunosuppressive
therapy usually double or triple when patients are in the immunological high
risk group. Incidence of malignancy according to big health centers is around
1 in every 1000 transplanted patients. It is also noted the rise of incidence
of malignancies in transplanted patient in over 50%.
The effect of intraocular pressure on visual field after trabeculectomy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Hentova-Sencanic Paraskeva , Bozic Marija , Sencanic Ivan , Stojcic Milan , Stankovic Branislav , Markovic Vujica , Marjanovic Ivan , Babic Vesna
Published: August 2012

Purpose: To compare the mean intraocular pres-sure (IOP), peak IOP and
percentage reduction in IOP in the first live years following trabeculectomy
between the patients with progressed visual field loss and the patients with
stable visual fields. Material and methods: Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients
were followed for five years after their first trabeculectomy with tonometry
and automated perimetry (Octopus 500EZ, program Gl). The rate of change of
the visual field was measured by linear regression analysis of the mean
sensitivity value (dB9) of each field test versus time (month). Based on the
statistical significance of the slope of the regression line (Spear man p
value of the correlation coefficient less than 0.05), patients were divided
into two groups: with significant negative slope of the regression line
(group with progressed visual field loss) and with non-significant slope of
the regression line (group with stable visual field). The mean IOP values and
percentage of IOP reduction at the end of each of the first live years after
surgery were compared between the group with progressed field loss and group
with stable fields by using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Patients with
progressed visual field loss had higher mean IOP, higher peak IOP and less
reduction in pressure after the operation than patients with stable visual
field. The mean IOP at end of the two year postoperative period was
significantly higher in patients with progressed visual field loss
(21.98?3.38mmHg) than in those with stable fields (17.48?4,80mmHg). The mean
percentage reduction in IOP at the end of two year postoperative peri?od was
significantly less in patients that showed progression of field loss (21.84%)
than in those with stable fields (41.0%). Conclusion: Prognosis for further
field loss seems to be better if postoperative pressure is at lower levels
and greater percent reduction of IOP is obtained after surgery. The data that
predict better prognosis is the mean postoperative IOP value of approximately
18mmHg or less resulting from at least 35% of IOP reduction.
Knowledge and occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers and medical students
Authors: Markovic-Denic Ljiljana , Ostric Irena , Pavlovic Andrija , Kalimanovska-Ostric Dimitra
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Health workers and medical students are at occupational risk of
blood-borne diseases during the accidents, that is, via percutaneous injury
or entry of blood or body fluids through the mucosa or injured skin.
Objective: to review and analyze the knowledge, attitudes and perception of
risks of blood-borne diseases of the clinical course students and health
workers as well as the frequency of accidents. Material and methods:
Cross-sectional study was carried out among the students of the Faculty of
Medicine in Belgrade, and health workers of the Clinical Center of Serbia.
The subjects responded anonymously to questionnaire specially designed for
the study. Results: Both students and health workers were aware, in a high
percentage, of the fact that the risk of hepatitis B spread was about 30%.
Significantly more students gave affirmative reply that blood as biological
material was a potential hazard of HIV infection spread (p=0.001), and
significantly more students knew that HIV would not be spread by sweat
(p=0.001). Hepatitis B vaccination was administered only to 24.1% of students
and 71.4% of health workers. About 10% of students and 65.5% of health
workers experienced some accident. There was no significant difference of
accidents between nurses/technicians and physicians (p>0.05), as well as of
accidents and a total length of service (p>0.05). The majority of accidents
occurred during the use of needle/sharp object (in 27.3% of students and
33.1% of health workers). About 40% of students and slightly over a half of
the workers reported the accidents to appropriate authorities. Additional
education in this field is considered necessary by 73% of students.
Conclusion: During the studies and via continuous medical education it is
necessary to upgrade the level of knowledge on prevention of accidents, what
would, at least partially, influence their reduction.
Rehabilitation of a patient after operationally treated idiopathic recurrent, posterior shoulder subluxation
Authors: Radovanovic Tatjana , Vukov Vladimir , Bumbasirevic Marko , Raznatovic Zoran , Lesic Aleksandar , Djurasic Ljubomir
Published: August 2012

Introduction: involuntary, idiopathic, recurrent posterior shoulder
subluxation is a rare entity. Subluxation of the shoulder joint occurs with
every elevation movement of the hand with a certain level of pain. Active
abduction and anteflexion are possible only to 90o. Only surgical treatment
produces results. Goal: The goal is to show that timely commenced,
continuously conducted rehabilitation of the shoulder after surgically
repaired involuntary, idiopathic, recurrent posterior subluxation of the
shoulder, leads to restitution of function. Case outline R.M. patient 24
years old, was admitted to the Institute for Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Clinical Center in Belgrade, for surgical treatment. Previously
was treated conservatively. ROM (anteflexion 700 abduction 60o) with
persistant pain in shoulder. Rehabilitation started first postoperative day.
Result: - 2.5 months post surgery - ROM (active movement) anteflexion 165o,
abduction 140o, without pain and no tendency of posterior subluxation. - 3.5
months post surgery, full active movements were achieved, except external
rotation of -20o - 5 months post surgery, the patient had full range of
motion in all directions. The last control was performed one year after
surgery. The patient has no symptoms, lives normal life and is engaged with
sports.
Giant asymptomatic borderline ovarian tumor in a patient suffering from choledocholithiasis and cholangitis
Authors: Sparic Radmila , Kadija Sasa , Buzadzic Snezana , Likic Ivana
Published: August 2012

Borderline tumors account for about 15% of all ovarian epithelial tumors and
are usually diagnosed only when they reach a significant size causing
abdominal pain or distension. Clinical, sonographic and Doppler examinations,
as well as tumor marker levels cannot detect this type of ovarian tumor with
certainty. The definitive diagnosis can only be established by a
histopathological examination. We present a case of a 58-year-old patient
operated on at our clinic for asymptomatic borderline ovarian tumor. Prior to
admission, the patient underwent a medical check-up at the surgery
department, where she was diagnosed with choledocholithiasis, and,
consequently, the need for urgent surgical treatment for calculosis was
excluded. In the presented case the ovarian tumor was revealed owing to the
occurrence of choledocholithiasis and cholangitis. The choledocholithiasis
and cholangitis, which contributed to the accurate diagnosis of the tumor,
were at the same time some of the possible reasons for misleading diagnosis
and therapy complications in our patient?s case.
Orthodox ethic and the spirit of socialism: Towards substantiation of the hypothesis
Authors: Vladimirovic-Zabaev Ivan
Published: August 2012

The article traces possible channels of influence of a religious factor on
the formation of a specific Russian version of socialism. Using the logics of
the M. Weber?s work ?The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?, I.
Zabaev reveals the categories that played a dominating role in the people?s
consciousness in the pre-revolutionary Russia. According to his conclusion,
these categories were ?obedience? and ?resignation?. It was obedience and
resignation that assured the salvation (main value in Orthodoxy) of an
Orthodox person. In everyday life such orientations were easily transformed
into the readiness to obey the ?superior?. Once elaborated, they turned to be
quite stable and, being separated from their religious roots, ensured a sort
of asceticism on the secular path.
Religiosity among the citizens of Russia and Europe
Authors: Kofanova Elena , Mcedlova Marina
Published: August 2012

The authors compare the levels of religiosity of the citizens of Russia and
citizens of European countries. The level of religiosity in Russia suggests
that the percentage of believers in the total population is in the middle of
the list of European countries, but it is the country with the highest
proportion of Muslims among its believers. In general, the research has shown
that Russia remains a secular country and confessional-self identification is
manifested rather as identification with a particular cultural tradition than
as a genuine expression of deep religiosity. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke
Republike Srbije, br. 179049: Politike drustvenog pamcenja i nacionalnog
identiteta - regionalni i evropski aspekt].
Religious and confessional identification and faith in God among the citizens of Serbia
Authors: Blagojevic Mirko
Published: August 2012

The author presents and analyses, in regard with the subject, the data from a
systematic sociological research study of religiosity of the citizens of
Serbia which is relevant for the Republic of Serbia without Kosovo and
Metohija. The study named ?Religiosity in Serbia and the EU integration
process? was conducted twice, in 2010 and 2011, by the Christian Cultural
Centre from Belgrade with the financial assistance of the Konrad Adenauer
Foundation and the Center for European Studies from Brussels. Before
analysing the data, the author briefly discusses the various dimensions of
religiosity.
Wittgenstein on language and nature
Authors: Sladecek Michal
Published: August 2012

The text begins with the analysis of two terms regarding life crucial to both
Wittgenstein's early and late philosophy. These are life form and nature,
specifically, human nature. Wittgenstein treats both concepts in a very
specific manner, different from the traditional approach of philosophy. He
also criticized philosophical attempts to attribute special characteristics
to human intellectual abilities which would separate them from natural
processes. A particular 'spiritual' status of epistemic and other rational
powers disappears when there is an insight into their dependence on
discursive practices and specific forms of life on which these powers are
based. Concepts such as certainty, knowledge, or explanations do not rest on
a rational foundation, that is, they do not refer to processes with
particular un-natural properties. Nor can they be reduced to
neuro-physiological processes, either. Instead, it is a specific grammar of
their usage that makes them different from other concepts describing physical
or biological processes. In that sense, Wittgenstein develops a
non-reductionist version of naturalism which preserves the diversity of human
relations in the world.
Bruno Latour and actor-network-theory
Authors: Filipovic Bozidar
Published: August 2012

This paper identifies the key moments in the development of
Actor-Network-Theory through several important work by Bruno Latour. It is
possible to discern a number of departures from the initial position of the
author (articulated in Laboratory Life) in his latter works.
Actor-Network-Theory is presented through a series of ?neuralgic? points
inherent to and visible within the theory. The solutions which
Actor-Network-Theory offers for fundamental problems of sociology, as defined
by Latour, are discussed at the end of the paper.
On meaning and import of deliberation in democratic theory
Authors: Mladenovic Ivan
Published: August 2012

This paper aims to clarify the meaning and importance of deliberation in
theory of democracy. In particular, it will examine two meanings of
deliberation, i.e. deliberation as discussion, and deliberation as reflective
rationality. The author maintains that both meanings are of great importance
for the theorist of democracy interested in solving the paradoxes of
voting-based theories.
Economic production quantity concerning learning and the reworking of imperfect items
Authors: Tsai Deng-Maw , Wu Ji-Cheng
Published: August 2012

The classical economic production quantity (EPQ) model assumes that items
produced are of perfect quality and the production rate is constant.
However, production quality depends on the condition of the process. Due to
process deterioration or other factors, the production process may shift and
produce imperfect quality items. These imperfect quality items sometimes can
be reworked and repaired; hence, overall production-inventory costs can be
reduced significantly. In addition, it can be found in practice that the
time or cost required to repetitively produce a unit of a product decreases
when the number of units produced by a worker or a group of workers
increases. Under this circumstance, the unit production cost cannot be
regarded as constant and, therefore, cannot be ignored when taking account
of the total cost. This paper incorporates the effects of learning and the
reworking of defective items on the EPQ model since they were not considered
in existing models. An optimal operation policy that minimizes the expected
total cost per unit time is derived. A numerical example is provided to
illustrate the proposed model. In addition, sensitivity analysis is
performed and discussed.
Dental arch parameters of the displacement and nondisplacement sides in subjects with unilateral palatal canine ectopia
Authors: Al-Khateeb Susan , Abu Alhaija Elham S. , Rwaite Ashwaq , Burqan Bader Alddin
Published: August 2012

Objective:

To compare arch perimeter and teeth size, number, and shape between the two sides of the dental arch—the canine displacement side (DS) and the nondisplacement side (NDS)—in subjects with unilateral palatally displaced canine (PDC).

Materials and Methods:

Orthopantomograms (OPTs) of 240 subjects with unilateral PDC and 240 OPT matching controls were used. Additionally, study casts of 100 study subjects and 100 controls were used. The age of subjects ranged between 14 and 25 years. Dental casts were digitized and several parameters were recorded.

Results:

The transverse width from midpalatal line to the buccal segment and the palatal area on the DS was larger than that in the NDS (P < .05 to .001), with no difference in tooth size between both sides. Maxillary second premolars, canines, and lateral incisors in the PDC group were smaller than those in control group. Peg-shaped lateral incisors were significantly more frequent in the study group (P < .001).

Conclusions:

The transverse width of the DS was larger than that of the NDS. Both sides were generally smaller than those of the control group. Tooth size in the DS was comparable to that in the NDS but smaller than those of the control group. A missing or peg-shaped lateral incisor was the most common reported anomaly.
Coaching and Feedback: Enhancing Communication Teaching and Learning in Veterinary Practice Settings
Authors: Adams Cindy L. , Kurtz Suzanne
Published: August 2012

Communication is a critical clinical skill closely linked to clinical reasoning, medical problem solving, and significant outcomes of care such as accuracy, efficiency, supportiveness, adherence to treatment plans, and client and veterinarian satisfaction. More than 40 years of research on communication and communication education in human medicine and, more recently, in veterinary medicine provide a substantive rationale for formal communication teaching in veterinary education. As a result, veterinary schools are beginning to invest in communication training. However, if communication training is to result in development of veterinary communication skills to a professional level of competence, there must be follow-through with effective communication modeling and coaching in practice settings. The purpose of this article is to move the communication modeling and coaching done in the “real world” of clinical practice to the next level. The development of skills for communication coaching and feedback is demanding. We begin by comparing communication coaching with what is required for teaching other clinical skills in practice settings. Examining both, what it takes to teach others (whether DVM students or veterinarians in practice for several years) and what it takes to enhance one's own communication skills and capacities, we consider the why, what, and how of communication coaching. We describe the use of teaching instruments to structure this work and give particular attention to how to engage in feedback sessions, since these elements are so critical in communication teaching and learning. We consider the preconditions necessary to initiate and sustain communication skills training in practice, including the need for a safe and supportive environment within which to implement communication coaching and feedback. Finally we discuss the challenges and opportunities unique to coaching and to building and delivering communication skills training in practice settings.
A Mathematical Model Related To Chemostat With Variable Yields
Authors: Rana S. M. Sohel , Kulsum Ummi
Published: August 2012

In this paper, a three dimensional chemostat model with variable yields is studied. The properties of the steady state points, the local and global stability, the Hopf bifurcation and the positive invariant set for the system are investigated by qualitative analysis of differential equations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11482 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 147-152, 2012 (July)
Import Flows of Bangladesh: Gravity Model Approach under Panel Data Methodology
Authors: Roy Mili , Rayhan Md. Israt
Published: August 2012

In counterpoint to export growth, Bangladesh import growth has remained much less strong, despite impressive progress in import liberalization. This study gives an overview of different methodologies related to gravity model analysis in Bangladeshs import flow. A pooled cross section and time series data were analyzed to incorporate the country specific heterogeneity in country pair trading partners. The import flows are justified by the basic gravity model since Bangladeshs imports are positively significant by the economy size and inversely related to trade barrier. Accordingly, we have analyzed pooled ordinary least square, fixed effect, random effect. This study also explores extended gravity model using several variables in the light of gravity model panel data approach. Bangladeshs import is determined by the home and foreign countrys gross domestic product and exchange rate. In addition, Cross section results show that regional trade arrangement which is South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation and border are significant for Bangladeshs importimplies that Bangladesh should import more from intra regional country and also should import from India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11485 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 153-157, 2012 (July)
Connections on Bundles
Authors: Ali Md. Showkat , Islam Md. Mirazul , Nasrin Farzana , Sarkar Md. Abu Hanif , Khan Tanzia Zerin
Published: August 2012

This paper is a survey of the basic theory of connection on bundles. A connection on tangent bundle TM, is called an affine connection on an m-dimensional smooth manifold M. By the general discussion of affine connection on vector bundles that necessarily exists on M which is compatible with tensors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11492 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 191-194, 2012 (July)
Synthesis of Cyclohexylcresols by Alkylation of Cresols with Cyclohexanol in the Presence of Perchloric Acid
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Md. , Chowdhury A. M. Sarwaruddin , Saha Manoranjan
Published: August 2012

Cyclohexylcresols were synthesized in high yield by the alkylation of cresols with cyclohexanol in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst. The effects of the variation of temperature, molar ratio of cresol to cyclohexanol, time of reaction and amount of catalyst on the reactions were also extensively studied. The products were confirmed by spectral means and physicochemical constants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11503 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 195-198, 2012 (July)
Synthesis of 2-Cycloalkyl-4-chlorophenols
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Md. , Saha Dipti , Saha Manoranjan
Published: August 2012

2-Cycloalkyl-4-chlorophenols were synthesized in high yield by the alkylation of p-chlorophenol with cyclopentanol and cyclohexanol in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst. The effects of the variation of temperature, molar ratio of p-chlorophenol to cycloalcohols, time of reaction and amount of catalyst on the reactions were also studied.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11504 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 199-202, 2012 (July)
Utilization of Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) as a Major Raw Material for the Production of Biodiesel
Authors: Imran Hossain Mohammad , Khan Arafat H. , Islam M. Shahinul , Niher R.S. , Sujan Asaduzzaman , Chowdhury A.M. Sarwaruddin
Published: August 2012

An experimental process for the production of biodiesel using karanja (Pongamia pinnata) seeds as a raw material has been studied. This process involved transesterification of karanja oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (NaOH), to yield biodiesel as the main product and glycerin as by-product. In this research work, free fatty acid (FFA) of Karanja oil was determined and it was found less than 5%. As a result, one step transesterification was carried out. Oil to methanol molar ratio (6:1 to 12:1), variation (0.5% to 1.6% wt of oil) of Catalyst (NaOH) concentration was determined. Base-catalyzed transesterification converted karanja oil into biodiesel and glycerol using 1% NaOH as alkaline catalyst at 60-65°C. This study revealed the maximum yield of biodiesel up to 85% with methanol to oil ratio 1:9 and for 1.5 hr reaction at 65°C. Co-ignition of biodiesel with commercial diesel was also evaluated and it was found that diesel engine run smoothly in the ratio of commercial diesel to biodiesel was 7:3.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11506 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 203-207, 2012 (July)
Algorithm to Perform a Complete RHS Parametric Analysis for LPP with Bounded Variables
Authors: Ahmad Sanwar Uddin , Hasan M. Babul , Islam M. Ainul
Published: August 2012

Linear Programming problem (LPP)s with upper bounded variables can be solved using the Bounded Simplex method, without the explicit consideration of the upper bounded constraints. One can consider the upper bounded constraints explicitly and perform the regular righthand- side parametric analysis of LPPs with bounded variables. This paper develops a method to perform the parametric analysis where the upper bounded constraints are considered implicitly, thus reduce the size of the basis matrix.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11521 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 217-222, 2012 (July)
A Proposed Technique for Solving Linear Fractional Bounded Variable Problems
Authors: Das H.K. , Hasan M. Babul
Published: August 2012

In this paper, a new method is proposed for solving the problem in which the objective function is a linear fractional Bounded Variable (LFBV) function, where the constraints functions are in the form of linear inequalities and the variables are bounded. The proposed method mainly based upon the primal dual simplex algorithm. The Linear Programming Bounded Variables (LPBV) algorithm is extended to solve Linear Fractional Bounded Variables (LFBV).The advantages of LFBV algorithm are simplicity of implementation and less computational effort. We also compare our result with programming language MATHEMATICA.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11522 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 223-230, 2012 (July)
Design and Analysis of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Drug Scheduling Model for Cancer Tumour Treatment
Authors: Mazumder Rajib , Alam M.S.
Published: August 2012

This paper presents an investigation into a mathematical model of cancer tumour growth and response with chemotherapy and immunotherapy treatments. dOnofrio and co-workers[1-3]developed a model to predict and control cancer tumour growth based on cell functions and effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Several design objectives and constraints were used to obtain optimal drug scheduling. These included (i) maximizing tumour cell killing, (ii) tolerable drug concentration, (iii) tolerable body temperature rise and (iv) normal increase of vasculature cell at the end of treatment regime [1]. This paper, initially, implements the model in a simulation environment and then analyzes it with several drug doses that maximize killing of cancerous cells and increase normal vasculature cells during and after treatment period. Then a number of doses have been designed heuristically to improve aforementioned treatment objectives and to analyze the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy further. The designed doses show significant improvement in terms of cancerous cell killing with a normal recovery of vasculature cell after the treatment period. This paper also presents an investigation into parameter sensitivity of the model that shows tumour response with different model parameters and drug doses.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11524 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 231-237, 2012 (July)
Dynamic Modelling of Flexible Manipulator System Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Alam M. S.
Published: August 2012

Flexible robotic manipulators pose various challenges in modelling, design, structural optimisation and control. This paper presents investigations into practical dynamic modelling of a flexible manipulator system using genetic algorithm (GA). Conventional genetic algorithms (GAs) often converge prematurely to a suboptimal region and fail to provide effective solutions due to lack of diversity in the population set as the algorithm proceeds. In order to improve and maintain diversity in the population set, a relatively new variant of GA, namely, fitness sharing based replacement genetic algorithm (FSR-GA1) is employed where some individuals are replaced periodically based on a fitness sharing method. The algorithm is utilised to extract dynamic model of 1-DOF (degree of freedom) motion of a flexible manipulator system. A comparative assessment between FSR-GA and conventional GA is presented in the same application to highlight the novelty of the used GA. Results show that the FSR-GA significantly improves the searching capability of the optimisation process compared to conventional GA. Time domain and frequency domain results clearly reveal the potential of the proposed method in modelling flexible manipulator systems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11526 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 239-245, 2012 (July)
Estimation of Iron and Metronidazole Content from Respective Oral Dosage Forms Available in Local Market
Authors: Chanda Sadia Afrin , Tuhin Tarikul Islam , Muslim Tanvir , Rahman Md. Azizur
Published: August 2012

No abstract.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11527 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 289-290, 2012 (July)
Rural to Urban Migration and Household Living Conditions in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque M. Ershadul , Islam M. Mazharul
Published: August 2012

This study examines the relationships between rural to urban migration status and household living conditions, using the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data. The analysis finds significant living condition advantage of rural-urban migrants and urban natives over rural-natives, primarily linked to migration selectivity by education and occupation. Once the independent effects of education and occupation are controlled, association between migration status and living conditions remain significant but living condition advantage of rural-urban migrants and urban natives over rural natives fall down. The results imply that promoting higher education and opportunities for employment outside the agricultural or labour sectors (pull factor) are more likely to yield improved living conditions in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11529 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 253-257, 2012 (July)
On Some Characterizations of Vector Fields on Manifolds
Authors: Ahmed Khondokar M. , Raknuzzaman Md. , Ali Md. Showkat
Published: August 2012

The basic geometry of vector fields and definition of the notions of tangent bundles are developed in an essential different way than in usual differential geometry. ø-related vector fields are studied and some related properties are developed in our paper. Finally, a theorem 5.04 on our natural injection j of submanifolds which is j-related to vector field X is treated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11530 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 259-263, 2012 (July)