bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Settlement Sites in the Nile Delta
Authors: Jucha Mariusz A. , Mączyńska Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

Le 4e millénaire et le début du 3e millénaire correspondent à une période de transformations importantes dans le delta du Nil. C’est durant cette époque que la région est entièrement habitée, sans doute pour la première fois, par des groupes rattachés aux cultures de Basse Égypte. Une autre transformation est liée à l’apparition de traditions nagadiennes dans le nord du pays, qui ont définitivement influencé les sociétés autochtones, aboutissant au développement d’un nouveau complexe culturel intégrant les composantes des deux entités. Le processus de formation étatique, qui conduit à la fondation d’un État unifié sous le règne du roi Narmer, est la dernière mais la plus importante des mutations politiques, sociales et économiques qui marquent le Delta durant cette période. Ces transformations sont connues sur la plupart des sites d’habitat de la région découverts jusqu’à présent et sont bien attestées dans le matériel céramique et lithique mais aussi dans l’architecture des localités étudiées. Dans cet article nous comparons les données publiées pour la plupart des sites du 4e et du début du 3e millénaire afin de mettre en évidence ces trois phases de changements bien visibles dans les données archéologiques.
Naqada IIIA-B, A Crucial Phase in the Relative Chronology of the Naqada Culture
Authors: Hendrickx Stan
Published: April 2022

Le début de la phase Nagada III est d’une importance capitale pour la chronologie relative des périodes pré-et protodynastique parce qu’il inclut la fi n du processus de formation de l’État en Égypte, juste avant le début de la 1re dynastie. Dans la révision fondamentale menée par Kaiser du Sequence Dating de Petrie, les Stufen IIIA et IIIB sont mal définis du fait de la pauvreté des données disponibles à l’époque. La révision du travail de Kaiser permet une meilleure description des caractéristiques chronologiques de la phase Nagada IIIA-B. La position chronologique de la tombe 32 d’Abou Zeidan et de la tombe U-j d’Abydos est également discutée ici.
Visual representation and state development in Egypt
Authors: Hendrickx Stan , Eyckerman Merel
Published: April 2022

In Predynastic representations, strongly stylised animals and plants with symbolic values occur. The astonishing craft smanship by which some objects were decorated shows that the artisans were capable of producing almost any kind of representation they would have desired. Therefore, if a representation is stylised, this should be intentional. One of the most important reasons for the stylisation will have been the fact that the artisans did not want to render the exact image of one individual animal, but on the contrary the general idea and characteristics of the animal. Another reason for this mode of representation was to allow double interpretations, or more exactly to combine originally independent ideas into new symbols. They will become a kind of labels, which can be used in different contexts. Th is mode of representation occurs from the very beginning of the Naqada culture and continues throughout the whole of it. Changes will certainly have occurred during this period of nearly a thousand years, but a number of basic iconographic elements continued to be used. Some of them were integrated into formal Egyptian art, others were not and disappeared from the artistic record. A close relationship can be observed between bovines (principally the bull), birds (originally probably the ostrich but from the Naqada III period onwards mainly the falcon), the hippopotamus and the so-called “Naqada plant”. But human representations are the central element around which this visual language is built. From the very beginning of the Naqada I period, semantic representations of military victory are attested while an iconography related to the aft erlife is shown on the Naqada II Decorated pottery.
Jean Leclant : un égyptologue au Sahara
Authors: Le Quellec Jean-Loïc
Published: April 2022

Jean Leclant’s interest for the Saharan rock pictures led him to perform, together with General Huard, a comprehensive survey of the entire area and to postulate the existence of a “Hunters culture” whose engraved “signs” would be found from the Nile to the Atlantic. Since this work, abundant new discoveries have multiplied in the Libyan desert, hence renewing this pioneering approach and changing our views on these issues.
Sur les traces de Jean Leclant à Sedeinga : les textes méroïtiques du prince Natemakhora
Authors: Rilly Claude
Published: April 2022

This article constitutes the first publication of Natemakhora’s funerary texts. They were found in 1964 during the excavations undertaken in the «secteur W» of the Napatan-Meroitic necropolis at Sedeinga. At that time Jean Leclant was a member of Michela Schiff Giorgini’s team. The four complementary inscriptions in cursive Meroitic (REM 1090, 1091, 1116 and 1144) presented here provide a very detailed prosopography of the local prince who led the nomes of Sedeinga (Atiye) and Ta-Wadj, on the opposite bank, around the end of second century AD.
Investigating the Predynastic origins of greywacke working in the Wadi Hammamat
Authors: Bloxam Elizabeth , Harrell James A. , Kelany Adel , Moloney Norah , El-Senussi Ashraf , Tohamey Adel
Published: April 2022

Les carrières de grauwacke du Ouadi Hammamat dans le désert Oriental sont la source de certains des plus importants objets de culte de l’Égypte, comme les palettes cérémonielles de la période pré- et protodynastique. Les recherches menées dans cette région se sont surtout focalisées sur la richesse des données épigraphiques, avec des études plus sporadiques de géologues et d’archéologues sur les carrières et autres questions touchant à la culture matérielle. Le Wadi Hammamat Project est le premier de son genre à entreprendre une étude globale et multidisciplinaire de cette région de carrières, son objectif initial étant de comprendre les liens entre les modifications des sources d’approvisionnement et le développement de la complexité sociale des premiers états émergents. Cet article est consacré aux découvertes que nous avons réalisées dans les carrières pré- et protodynastiques. Il s’intéresse aux premières phases de production de pierres destinées à l’élite du Prédynastique et complète les données initiales fournies par Debono en 1949 lors de la prospection d’un atelier de grauwacke dans la région de Bir Hammamat. Enquêter sur l’origine des matières premières utilisées dans les carrières et les ateliers a été le principal élément qui a permis une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique sociale entourant les débuts de la production de pierre dans cette région. Ces recherches révèlent de quelle manière le paysage de carrière était le lieu central des interactions entre les réseaux sociaux fonctionnant à l’échelle locale ou régionale, directement ou indirectement impliqués dans l’artisanat de la pierre. Elles montrent également la place de ces réseaux concernant la distribution des matériaux à al fois au sein des carrières et vers l'extérieur pour les produits finis. Cet article évalue enfin l’impact sur ces réseaux de la production plus intensive des vases en pierre durant la période protodynastique, et les conséquences d’une centralisation accrue des élites sur le contrôle de l’artisanat de la pierre durant la période de formation de l’État.
Initial results: The Sheikh Muftah occupation at Balat North/1(Dakhla Oasis)
Authors: Jeuthe Clara
Published: April 2022

Balat, situé à l’extrémité est de l’oasis de Dakhla/désert occidental, et fouillé par l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (IFAO) depuis 1978, est bien connu pour ses monuments pharaoniques datés de la fin de l’Ancien Empire jusqu’à la Deuxième Période intermédiaire. Cependant, une zone d’occupation présentant du matériel appartenant au groupe dit de «Sheikh Moftah» , distant d’environ 90 m au nord des enclos de la vie dynastie, a récemment été découverte. Après une brève prospection menée en 2011, la première étude du site a commencé durant l’hiver 2013. La fouille a permis de livrer un aperçu du développement stratigraphique vertical et horizontal du site, divisé en quatre phases principales. Au moins la dernière phase, dans laquelle se trouve la plus grande concentration d’objets du groupe Sheikh Moftah, date de l’Ancien Empire. Provisoirement, l’établissement peut être interprété comme un camp de base fréquemment occupé et composé par différentes zones d’occupation. En 2013, aucune traces d''habitation telles que des structures de tentes n''avaient été mises au jour, mais des combinaisons de deux types différents de foyers, de taille et de durée d’utilisation distinctes, souvent accompagnés par des concentrations de fragments d’os et de vaisselles in situ, se révélaient être un élément caractéristique du groupe Sheikh Moftah à Balat Nord. La culture matérielle démontre non seulement qu’il y avait de fréquents contacts entre le groupe Sheikh Moftah et la culture égyptienne pharaonique mais révèle en plus leurs différences. L’influence entre les deux cultures peut seulement s’apercevoir durant la dernière phase d’occupation et elle pourrait être une conséquence de l''importance croissante de la culture pharaonique dans l’oasis.
Royal cult and burial in the Egyptian 1st Dynasty: The Early Dynastic pottery from the royal enclosures Aha II and III at Abydos
Authors: Knoblauch Christian M.
Published: April 2022

Cet article présente la céramique mise au jour lors de la fouille de deux enceintes funéraires de la 1re dynastie à Abydos. Il poursuit trois objectifs distincts. Dans la première partie, l’auteur discute les aspects formels du matériel. Dans la deuxième partie, la répartition spatiale de la céramique est examinée en détails. Dans la dernière partie, un certain nombre d’interprétations sont abordées. Elles sont fondamentales pour comprendre de quelle manière les enceintes ont été effectivement utilisées. L’auteur montre à quel point ce dernier aspect a été négligé dans les études concernant les enceintes d’Abydos.
The Significance of Predynastic Canid Burials in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Hartley Mary
Published: April 2022

Dog burials have been found in Egypt dating as far back as the Badarian culture. During the Predynastic period they were found buried individually or in groups of two or more, associated with individual human burials, or within human cemeteries or settlements. The dogs have frequently been reported as pets, which appears to be a modern interpretation. By studying the early excavation reports and considering the positioning and the location of the dog burials, a pattern emerges suggesting that these burials were deliberate. They were located on the extremities of cemeteries, and when found directly associated with a human, the dog was placed at the foot of the grave. While the dogs may have been ‘pets’ in life, their function in the funerary context was that of a protector.
Uruk: Early Administration Practices and the Development of Proto-Cuneiform Writing
Authors: Nissen Hans-Jörg
Published: April 2022

Any kind of administration needs possibilities of information storage be it on oral or other basis. Non-oral devices like seals or counters have been in use throughout the Near East since the 7th millennium BCE. With a heavy influx of people in part of the alluvial plain by the beginning of the 4th millennium BCE a host of new problems arose emerging from the density of people and settlements. In particular, some in large settlements central economic administrations emerged in order to secure the livelihood of its inhabitants. Increasingly, new strategies became necessary of supervision, control – and information storage. To this end, initially the existing instruments were enlarged both in their storage capacity and to provide good differentiation. Answering growing demands, however, new means were introduced like cylinder seals, offering more possibilities for differentiation, or counters with different shapes and additions. At a certain moment the search for ever more encompassing devices led to the invention of writing. This operation could make use of the existence of a large number of decoration and identification codes as well as of a long experience with the use and properties of clay. By incorporating these signs, by combining them or adding specific markings, and – in special cases – by drawing the items intended a system of close to 600 different signs was drawn up. On the one hand, writing was meant primarily for purposes in economic administration. No rendering of language was intended, leaving us ignorant about the language behind these texts. On the other hand, the system was used for compiling lists of words and concepts under a certain headline. These lists of names of titles and professions, of cities, of animal categories probably were an attempt to gain intellectual control over one’s universe. But again, an identification of Sumerian remains probable but unproven.
Administrative Reach and Documentary Coverage in Ancient States
Authors: Haicheng Wang
Published: April 2022

This article uses two concepts developed by Nicolas Postgate, administrative reach and documentary coverage, to make a general argument about writing and statecraft in the ancient world. It emphasizes that the comparative study of bookkeeping practice in ancient states is vulnerable to differences of preservation, and it suggests two empirical ways to identify gaps in the evidentiary record. One is to deduce administrative needs from archaeological remains that bear the imprint of social engineering. The other is to sift display inscriptions for evidence of administrative documents and document formats. Taking the latter approach, it argues that the emblems cast in Shang ritual bronzes are official titles that denote spheres of administration. The emblems contain ranking terms that suggest that there was a hierarchy in Shang bureaucracy, comparable to the hierarchies evident in lists of official titles in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The article ends with an appeal for comparative study and briefly discusses its values and challenges.
Effect of Peer Support on Health Literacy in Diabetic Patients With Limited Access to Support Resources in Iran: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shahsavari Arezoo , Estebsari Fatemeh , Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan , Ilkhani Mahnaz
Published: April 2022

Background: Health literacy (HL) is one of the factors influencing the use of health-related information by patients with diabetes. As a social support resource, peers can help improve diabetes knowledge in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of peer support on HL in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with low support resources. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients with T2D referring to a diabetes clinic in Aligoudarz. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected by the random sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control each containing 40 cases. The data were collected using the Test of Functional Health literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of educational peer support intervention. Eventually, data were analyzed by the statistical tests of chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t test, and paired t test. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean (±SD) HL between the two groups before the intervention (53.12±13.86 vs. 56.62±10.34, P=0.204). However, the mean HL in the intervention group represented a significant improvement after 3 months of peer intervention compared to the control group (70.27±9.78 vs. 56.87±10.07, P<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, peer support was found to be effective in improving the HL of diabetic patients with limited access to support resources. Therefore, it is recommended to use the capacity of peers as a social support resource in diabetes care programs.
In silico study of dimethyltryptamine analogues against 5-HT1B receptor: Molecular docking, dynamic simulations and ADMET prediction
Authors: Contreras Neyder , Alvíz-Amador Antistio , Manzur-Villalobos Isabella
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The 5-HT1B receptor has a potential role in various psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The objective of this study was to perform docking and molecular dynamics simulation to evaluate at atomic level the behavior of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) on 5-HT1B receptor.Methods: In this study, initially, a search for DMT was performed using the PubChem database. Subsequently, molecular docking was executed using AutoDock Vina based in PyRx 0.8 with a 95% analogy. Additionally, ergotamine (ERG) and serotonin were used as control. Then, it ran a total of 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations on 5-HT1B bound with DMT, serotonin, 112814775, and ERG. Finally, pharmacokinetic prediction and IV acute toxicity for analogues and DMT were performed.Results: It was possible to show that 112814775 had the lowest binding energy with the receptor. In addition, 112814775 presented great conformational stability, low mobility, and stiffness compared to the control ligands: ERG, serotonin, and DMT subsequent dynamic analysis. With respect to the free energy calculation, contributions such as Van der Waals, electrostatics, and nonpolar interactions for all systems, were highlighted.Conclusion: 112814775 showed affinities with 5-HT1B receptor and evidenced notable behavior by molecular dynamic simulation according to root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), the radius of gyration, number of hydrogen bond, and free energy calculated. These results established the possible relevance of in-silico studies in search of DMT analogues against the 5-HT1B receptor, which may be associated with alterations such as depression and anxiety, and may become future study molecules for the treatment of this type of disorder.
The effect of oolong tea as an adjunct to nonsurgical management of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Nafade Sonal , Agnihotri Rupali , Kamath Shobha Ullas , Shenoy Padmaja Ananth , Khadher Nisha Abdul , Nayak Deeksha Dayanand
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Oolong tea, a functional food, has numerous therapeutic benefits owing to the presence of bioactive polyphenols, theasinensins (TS) and catechins. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of systemic administration of oolong tea as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the management of chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: A total of 60 subjects with mild to moderate CP were randomly divided into two groups of tests (n = 30) and the controls (n = 30). They underwent NSPT with adjunctive oolong tea supplementation in the test group only. At baseline, 1, and 3 months, their gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), and lobene stain index (LSI) were recorded. Furthermore, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidants (TAO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also estimated in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and serum. Additionally, colony-forming units (CFUs) of selective supra and subgingival plaque bacteria were estimated in the plaque samples.Results: In both groups, at 1 month, the GI, PI, BOP, GPx, and TAO levels were improved with a reduction in the levels of MDA and CFU’s and no staining of teeth (P < 0.05). The results were maintained in the test group at 3-month recall visit.Conclusion: Adjunctive administration of oolong tea with NSPT reduced the local and systemic oxidative burden and rapidly resolved the inflammation in CP. This would be specifically beneficial in CP subjects with systemic conditions.
Evaluation of spasmolytic effects of naringenin on ileum contraction and intestinal charcoal meal transit: Involvement of ATP-sensitive K+ channels
Authors: Sadraei Hassan , Ghasemi Maedeh , Saranji Salman
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Naringenin is a flavonoid constituent of many herbal plants, including citreous fruits. Biological studies have suggested various therapeutic effects for naringenin, including protective effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility. The present study was performed to investigate the involvement of ATP-sensitive K+ channels on the effect of naringenin in rat ileum motility. Methods: Ileum contractions were induced by either KCl or acetylcholine (ACh) in vitro. Inhibitory concentration-response curves were constructed for naringenin and diazoxide after exposure of rat isolated ileum to KCl (20mM) or ACh (500nM). The relaxant effects of naringenin and diazoxide were also examined in the presence of glibenclamide. Furthermore, oral effects of diazoxide (25 mg/kg) and naringenin (25, 50 mg/kg) were also assessed on the intestinal charcoal meal transit in mice (n=10) in the absence and presence of glibenclamide (50 mg/kg). Results: Diazoxide and naringenin in a concentration-dependent manner inhibited ileum contractions induced by low bath concentration of KCl (20mM). However, both drugs had no effect on contractions induced by a high concentration of KCl (160mM). The inhibitory effects of diazoxide and naringenin were blocked by glibenclamide. Oral administration of diazoxide and naringenin significantly reduced the intestinal transit of charcoal meal. The delay in the intestinal transit was blocked by the oral dose of glibenclamide. The effect of naringenin on the rat intestinal strip pre-contracted with the KCl was relatively similar to that of ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener (diazoxide). Conclusion: This research supports that ATP-sensitive K+ channels are involved in the rat small intestinal smooth muscles relaxation induced by naringenin.
Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. fruit extract rich in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Insuan Orapin , Thongchuai Benchaluk , Khamchun Supaporn , Insuan Wimonrut , Daorueang Daoyot , Sansai Plubplung
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg is a tropical fruit, which has been commonly used for healthy food and traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of A. thwaitesianum fruit extract (AFE) rich in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods: The chemical composition of AFE was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). RAW264.7 cells were used as an in vitro inflammatory response model. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of AFE or 5-HMF and subsequently treated with LPS. Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The production levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by the Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was examined by western blot analysis. Results: AFE had a high content of 5-HMF (61.03% ± 0.49%). Pre-treatment with AFE and 5-HMF markedly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, namely NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α, in RAW264.7 cells; this reduction correlated with downregulation of iNOS expression. Conclusion: This study suggests that A. thwaitesianum fruit extract containing 5-HMF could modulate the LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α production and iNOS expression. A. thwaitesianum fruit extract rich in 5-HMF could be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of inflammation.
Hydroethanolic Cyperus rotundus L. extract exhibits anti-obesity property and increases lifespan expectancy in Drosophila melanogaster fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Wongchum Nattapong , Dechakhamphu Ananya , Panya Panatda , Pinlaor Somchai , Pinmongkhonkul Sitthisak , Tanomtong Alongklod
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cyperus rotundus L. is suspected of having anti-obesity properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-obesity property of hydroethanolic C. rotundus extract (HECE) using Drosophila as a model organism. Methods: In vitro inhibition of lipase activity by C. rotundus extract was investigated. The effects of C. rotundus extract on obesity-related characteristics, including body weight, triglyceride content, and lifespan extension were evaluated in Drosophila fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The effect of the extract on the reduction of oxidative stress associated with obesity was assessed in vivo using antioxidant assays in Drosophila. Results: HECE inhibited lipase activity in vitro with an IC50 of 128.24 ± 3.65 μg/mL. In vivo lipase inhibition experiments demonstrated that feeding Drosophila 10 mg/mL HECE or 2 μM orlistat lowered lipase activity by 21.51 (P < 0.05) and 42.86% (P < 0.01) and triglyceride levels by 20.67 (P < 0.05) and 28.39% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to those of the untreated group. After 10 mg/mL HECE or 2 μM orlistat supplementation, an increase in the mean survival rate (10.54 (P < 0.05) and 13.90% (P < 0.01), respectively) and climbing ability (25.03 (P < 0.01) and 28.44% (P < 0.01), respectively) was observed compared to those of flies fed a HFD. The paraquat and H2O2 challenge tests revealed that flies fed HECE in a mixed HFD showed increased survival on flies fed a HFD. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of dietary HECE supplementation on suppressing pancreatic lipase activity and lowering triglyceride levels and oxidative stress, leading to increased lifespan in Drosophila fed a HFD.
SELECCIÓN DE GERMOPLASMA DE MAÍZ MORADO (Zea mays L.) CON POTENCIAL PARA EXTRACCIÓN DE PIGMENTOS
Authors: Salinas-Moreno Yolanda , Esquivel-Esquivel Gilberto , Ramírez-Díaz José L. , Alemán-de la Torre Ivone , Bautista-Ramírez Edgardo , Santillán-Fernández Alberto
Published: April 2022

El grano de maíz morado posee un contenido elevado de antocianinas que pueden ser utilizadas como pigmentos para atender la creciente demanda por la industria de alimentos. Se evaluó germoplasma de maíz con grano morado nacional (13 accesiones) y exótico (20 accesiones de Perú, 13 de Ecuador y dos de Costa Rica), y como testigos las poblaciones de maíz morado (MCP) y Negro Ixtenco, con el objeto de identificar accesiones con alto contenido de antocianinas para formar variedades mejoradas para extracción de pigmentos. Las accesiones se multiplicaron en Coatlinchán, Estado de México. Se evaluaron variables morfológicas de planta, precocidad y sanidad de planta. En el grano se determinó la ubicación del pigmento, tipo de endospermo (TE), peso de cien semillas y contenido de antocianinas en pericarpio (CATp)y grano (CATg). Las accesiones exóticas de Ecuador y Perú tuvieron ciclo de madurez, sanidad de planta, altura de planta y mazorca, y tolerancia al acame similar a las accesiones nativas de México, y en los tres grupos el TE fue harinoso. El pigmento en el grano de las accesiones exóticas se ubicó en el pericarpio y en las nacionales en pericarpio y capa de aleurona. La relación entre el CATp y el CATg fue positiva y más precisa cuando las antocianinas se encontraron sólo en el pericarpio que en pericarpio y capa de aleurona. La principal diferencia en el perfil de antocianinas entre el germoplasma exótico y nacional fue la presencia de compuestos de baja polaridad presentes en el primero y ausentes en este último. Las poblaciones con mayor contenido de antocianinas tanto en pericarpio como en grano entero fueron las originarias de Ecuador y Perú.
BIOFERTILIZANTES EN LA SUCESIÓN Canavalia ensiformis - Solanum lycopersicum: RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD EN FRUTOS DE TOMATE
Authors: Tamayo-Aguilar Yonger , Martín-Alonso Gloria , Herrera-Altuve José Alfredo , Abad-Michael Maikel , Nápoles-García María Caridad , Rivera-Espinosa Ramón , Juárez-López Porfirio
Published: April 2022

En los últimos años se han reportado resultados positivos al utilizar como abono verde a Canavalia ensiformis inoculada con rizobio y hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA); sin embargo, no existe información previa en este sentido en el cultivo de tomate. En los ciclos de verano y otoño de 2019 se realizó, en el municipio San Antonio del Sur, Guantánamo, Cuba, un experimento con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de Canavalia inoculada con rizobio y HMA como cultivo precedente a tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) var. HA-33-29, incluyendo dos momentos de trasplante de tomate: 20 y 30 días. El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques completos al azar con ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Los inóculos empleados fueron la cepa Can5 de rizobio y Rhizoglomus irregulare de HMA. En Canavalia se determinó la biomasa seca aérea y el contenido de macronutrimentos al inicio de la floración (70 días después de la siembra); en ese momento se cortó y se incorporó al suelo. En tomate se determinó la frecuencia y la intensidad micorrícica, rendimiento y sus componentes y calidad de los frutos con base en pH, sólidos solubles totales (SST), acidez titulable (AT) e índice de madurez (SST/AT). La inoculación de Canavalia con rizobio y HMA generó mayor producción de biomasa (14 %) y contenido de macronutrimentos (8-18%), así como un incremento tanto en rendimiento como en la calidad de los frutos en tomate y mayor funcionamiento micorrícico. Los mayores efectos se encontraron a los 30 días después del trasplante, con un rendimiento de 30.58 t ha-1, que representa un aumento de 58.86 % respecto a la media de la región. Canavalia inoculada resultó una vía factible para micorrizar al tomate en sucesión e incrementar su rendimiento y calidad de frutos.
PHENOLOGY AND GROWING DEGREE DAYS OF FESTIVAL STRAWBERRY GROWN ON RED VOLCANIC ROCK AT TWO PLANT DENSITIES
Authors: Alvarado-Raya Horacio E. , Vázquez-Rodríguez José C. , Ramírez-Arias Armando , Calderón-Zavala Guillermo , Rivera-del Río Roberto
Published: April 2022

Due to their correlation with temperature, growing degree days (GDD) allow to analyze the effect of climate change on plant phenology, while being also useful for scheduling activities in a cultivation system. Fruit cropping systems in general lack enough information in this regard. This research aimed to determine GDD during the phenology of Festival strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) grown on two substrates at two plant densities under a macro-tunnel. Previously chilled (4 o C/720 h), one-leaf plants were grown from August 2016 to March 2017 either in hydroponics on red volcanic rock or in soil with fertigation at 10 or 15 plants m-2. A Steiner nutrient solution reduced to 50% of its original concentration was used. GDD were counted daily after planting using the single sine curve method with a base temperature of 3 o C. A high correlation coefficient (r > 0.964) was found between GDD and days after planting (DAP) for the phenological stages studied. The phyllochron was not affected by treatments, and 597 GDD were required as an average for the onset of leafing and a high correlation between air temperature and the emission of leaves number 2 to 10 (r = 0.9754; P ≤ 0.0001). The substrate did not affect the chronology of the reproductive phenological stages. The onset of anthesis was delayed by 17 days in plants grown at 15 plants m-2 (2039.4 GDD) compared to those grown at 10 plants m-2 (1829.7 GDD), but there was no effect of plant density for the sequent phenological stages. It is concluded that GDD have a high predictive value in Festival strawberry for DAP of the phenological stages studied; likewise, the phyllochron and reproductive phenology were not affected by substrate cultivation; however, planting at high densities could delay the onset of anthesis.
PRODUCTOS NO CONVENCIONALES COMO ALTERNATIVA DE CONTROL DE Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (HEMIPTERA: DACTYLOPIIDAE)
Authors: López-Rodríguez Patricia E. , Aquino-Pérez Gildardo , Morales-Flores Francisco J. , Mena-Covarrubias Jaime , Rodríguez-Leyva Esteban , Méndez-Gallegos Santiago de Jesús
Published: April 2022

Ante la amenaza que representa a nivel mundial la expansión de Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) y las limitadas opciones para su manejo, tácticas eficientes y amigables con el ambiente, que permitan reducir sus poblaciones y minimizar el riesgo de daño, son una prioridad de investigación. En este estudio se evaluó la efectividad biológica de los productos Axion Complete®, BIODIe®, Fitonosode, Progranic Nimicide 80® y Zote®, que fueron aplicados una sola vez y de manera dirigida en cuatro concentraciones (1, 2, 4 y 8 %) sobre la mortalidad (%) de hembras adultas de D. opuntiae a 1, 2, 3 y 6 días después de la aplicación (DDA). Los tratamientos, concentraciones y periodos de muestreo mostraron diferencias estadísticas sobre la mortalidad de D. opuntiae. El tratamiento a base de jabón Zote®, a una concentración de 4 %, registró el control más eficiente (67.2 % de mortalidad), seguido por el detergente Axion Complete® (54.4 % de efectividad) a la misma concentración; estos mismos tratamientos redujeron la población de D. opuntiae en 58 y 54.2 %, respectivamente, a los 6 DDA. Concentraciones mayores (4 y 8 %) produjeron los porcentajes de mortalidad más altos luego de 6 DDA, ambas con valores de 50.2 %. Los resultados sugieren que tanto el jabón Zote® como el detergente Axión Complete® pueden ser potencialmente empleados en el manejo de D. opuntiae debido a su accesibilidad, economía y poco impacto ambiental.
CRECIMIENTO DE Pinus cembroides ZUCC. EN VIVERO Y CAMPO PRODUCIDO EN DIFERENTE TIPO DE CONTENEDOR
Authors: Madrid-Aispuro Rosa E. , Prieto-Ruíz José Á. , Hernández-Díaz José C. , Aldrete Arnulfo , Wehenkel Christian , Chávez-Simental Jorge A.
Published: April 2022

El volumen del contenedor determina la forma y tamaño de la raíz de las plantas, la cantidad de sustrato, agua y nutrientes minerales disponibles para su crecimiento e influye en los costos de producción. En este ensayo se evaluó el efecto de 10 contenedores de diferente tipo y volumen sobre el crecimiento en vivero de plantas de Pinus cembroides Zucc. y su desempeño después de plantadas en campo. Los contenedores evaluados fueron tubetes de plástico rígido (T170, T220, T250, T310 y T380 mL), charolas de plástico rígido (Ch plas-170, Ch plas-200 y Ch plas-220 mL) y charolas de poliestireno (Ch pol160 y Ch pol-170 mL). A los 14 meses de la siembra en vivero se evaluó la altura, diámetro, biomasa seca y número de raíces de las plantas. Durante 18 meses se monitoreó la supervivencia en campo y al final se registró la altura y diámetro en cada tratamiento. En vivero se presentaron diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas. Las plantas con mayor altura (20.4 cm) y diámetro (4.9 mm) se produjeron en uno de los contenedores con menor volumen (Ch pol-170), mientras que la mayor cantidad de biomasa seca aérea, de la raíz y total (4.0, 1.3 y 5.3 g, respectivamente) y mayor número de raíces secundarias (15.9) se generaron en el contenedor de mayor volumen (T380). En campo, la supervivencia al final de 18 meses varió entre 10 y 37.5 %, sin mostrar diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Las plantas en campo alcanzaron mayor incremento en diámetro con el contenedor T380, el cual fue uno de los tratamientos con mayor incremento en altura y supervivencia.
ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR BELOWGROUND BIOMASS AND CARBON CONTENT OF Pinus patula SCHL. et CHAM.
Authors: Medrano-Meraz Frinet , López-López Miguel Á. , Ángeles-Pérez Gregorio , Cruz-Cobos Francisco , Jozeph-de-Jong Bernardus H.
Published: April 2022

Allometric equations are essential tools for estimating biomass and carbon fixation in forest ecosystems. Published information is limited for belowground biomass of forests, mainly due to the methodological challenges of its determination. With the aim of contributing to the study of this important carbon store, in the present study allometric equations were developed for the estimation of belowground biomass of Pinus patula Schiede ex Schldl. et Cham. in its main natural distribution area: the states of Hidalgo, Puebla and Veracruz, Mexico. Seven Pinus patula trees with varying dimensions were selected and torn down at various sites; their diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (H), and crown diameter (CD) were measured. The totality of fine and coarse roots was extracted; the aboveground biomass was quantified by census, by sampling or by means of an allometric equation. Equations were developed for belowground biomass and carbon content, both total and by components, aswell as for individual root, both total and by components. The average root/ shoot ratio was 0.20 and the proportion of belowground in relation to the total biomass ranged from 12.1 to 21.2 %. The data on belowground biomass and carbon content at the tree level better fitted the Schumacher and Hall model that included both DBH and H as independent variables, which explained 99 % of the variation of belowground biomass and carbon. It was concluded that it is possible to use allometric equations to estimate the belowground biomass and carbon of Pinus patula trees from DBH and H, or even using only DBH.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Cash flow terhadap Harga Saham di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hutagaol Jenifer , Hutabarat Francis
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana profitabilitas dan cash flow mempengaruhi harga saham di masa pandemi covid saat ini sehingga investor maupun manajemen bisa memprediksi dan membuat rencana di masa pandemi covid ini. Variabel independent dalam penelitian ini adalah rasio Profitabilitas menggunakan Return on Asset, Return on Equity, dan Net Profit Margin dengan variabel Cashflow menggunakan Arus Kas Operasi, Arus Kas Pendanaan dan Arus Kas Investasi. Variabel dependent adalah Harga Saham. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif statistik, koefisien determinasi dan signifikan test. Objek perusahaan dalam penelitian ini adalah 26 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sub sektor makanan dan minuman dan data yang peneliti gunakan merupakan data sekunder pada Laporan Keuangan sebanyak 78 sampel pada tahun 3 tahun periode yaitu 2018-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profitabilitas dan Harga Saham berpengaruh signifikan. Cash flow dan Harga Saham tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan secara bersama-sama bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara profitabilitas dan cashflow terhadap harga saham pada tingkat signifikansi 5% pada perusahaan manufaktur subsektor makanan dan minuman.
Recogida y tratamiento de las aguas residuales urbanas. El caso de España
Authors: Torres Cazorla María Isabel
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo pretende analizar algunos incumplimientos estatales –y en particular en lo que concierne a España- de la Directiva sobre recogida y tratamiento de las aguas residuales urbanas. En este sentido, resulta emblemática la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la UE de 25 de julio de 2018 (asunto C-205/17) que establece el incumplimiento por parte de España de dicha Directiva, así como la imposición de sanciones pecuniarias al respecto, por incumplir a su vez una sentencia anterior sobre la misma cuestión. Esta sentencia ha tenido relevancia para España, por el número de municipios afectados, así como por la cuantía de la multa impuesta y constituye un marco idóneo para analizar diversos casos en los que el TJUE ha ofrecido soluciones análogas. Sin duda alguna, un reto sin precedentes, tanto para España como para la Unión Europea, en un intento de cumplir los compromisos relacionados con el medio ambiente.
El derecho de participación ciudadana en la justicia ambiental
Authors: Hernandez Mendible Victor Rafael
Published: April 2022

La democracia participativa y en especial la ambiental tiene como uno de sus pilares el derecho a la participación ciudadana, que goza de extraordinaria relevancia en el contexto del desarrollo de proyectos que tienen incidencia sobre el subsuelo y los recursos naturales no renovables. De allí que por imperativo constitucional deben ser plenamente regulados mediante ley, los mecanismos de participación adecuados, idóneos y eficaces como la consulta pública, para que todas las personas puedan ejercer sus derechos fundamentales y manifestar individual o colectivamente, personalmente o incluso a través de los cauces que brinda la democracia representativa, la opinión que le merecen tales proyectos. Esto además supone armonizar el ejercicio de las competencias entre la Nación y las entidades territoriales para que en aplicación de los principios de concurrencia y coordinación se garantice el efectivo ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales y el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales bajo la égida del desarrollo sostenible.
Derecho de acceso a la información para la justicia ambiental. El caso de la Laguna del Carpintero
Authors: Sereno Marin Cesar Arturo
Published: April 2022

El acceso a la información y el acceso a la justicia son derechos fundamentales que guardan un vínculo sinérgico, sin embargo pocas veces se profundiza en dicha relación y sus retos ante la crisis ambiental actual. En este contexto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el papel que juega el acceso a la información, como elemento neguentrópico para la justicia ambiental, lo anterior a partir del estudio del amparo en revisión 307/2016 resuelto por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, donde vecinas de la Laguna del Carpintero, en el municipio de Tampico, Tamaulipas, reclamaron la violación de su derecho a un medio ambiente sano. Este análisis intenta contribuir con la búsqueda y construcción de nuevas comprensiones y herramientas que permitan avanzar en la concreción efectiva del derecho de acceso a la justicia ambiental.
La justicia ambiental en México: protección a comunidades indígenas bajo la lupa de Escazú
Authors: Robles Garza Magda Yadira
Published: April 2022

La Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible la ONU fijó las metas que los Estados deberán de atender en materia de desarrollo, cuidado del medioambiente y mitigación/adaptación al cambio climático. Como parte de las acciones encaminadas a cumplir con tales metas, en América Latina se adoptó el Acuerdo Regional conocido como “Acuerdo de Escazú” con la finalidad de garantizar el derecho a un medioambiente sano por medio de la erradicación de la discriminación. Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar los criterios determinados en el ámbito de justicia ambiental en México para garantizar el derecho humano a un medioambiente sano a grupos vulnerables, en específico comunidades indígenas y rurales, con la finalidad de identificar los aciertos y áreas de oportunidad para su protección.
Los derechos de la naturaleza desde la mirada de los jueces en Ecuador
Authors: Cutié Mustelier Danelia , Vernaza Arroyo Girard David
Published: April 2022

El reconocimiento de derechos a la naturaleza en la Constitución de Ecuador de 2008 constituye un hito sin precedentes; pero no basta con su consagración a nivel constitucional, pues se hace imperativa la construcción teórica de los elementos configuradores de tales derechos, cuya regulación jurídica actual tiene, como características: la dispersión, la vaguedad y la ambigüedad de su contenido, al tiempo que el desarrollo jurisprudencial al respecto ha sido limitado. Han transcurrido más de diez años desde su categorización en el texto constitucional y apenas han llegado a las instancias judiciales, como la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, algunos casos de los que no es posible aún extraer criterios jurisprudenciales suficientes para hacer una evaluación de conjunto.Ante esta realidad, se justifica el presente estudio que tiene como centro, el análisis de la labor interpretativa de la Corte Constitucional de Ecuador en relación con los derechos de la naturaleza, y la identificación de los obstáculos que inciden en el acceso a la justicia ambiental para el logro de la efectiva tutela de estos derechos en sede judicial.
Inguinal Hernia in Infant
Authors: Kumaat Matthew A , Lampus Harsali , Pali Nathaniel
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Inguinal hernia in infant is a condition of protrusion of the intestinal organs due to thepatency of processus vaginalis. The ratio of incidence between male and female infants isapproximately 8:1. The incidence of inguinal hernia ranges from 1-5% in children and full-terminfants, whereas in premature infants there is a significant increase in the number, which is around30%. Clinical manifestations that can occur in infants with inguinal hernias are the appearance ofa lump when straining, crying, coughing, or sneezing, patient could look restless because of thepain and discomfort. The diagnosis of inguinal hernia can be made by history taking, physicalexamination, and supporting examination. Management of inguinal hernia is by surgery, can bean open herniotomy or laparoscopy.Keywords: inguinal hernia; infant Abstrak: Hernia inguinalis pada bayi merupakan kondisi penonjolan organ intestinal akibatadanya patensi prosesus vaginalis. Perbandingan rasio kejadian antara anak laki-laki dan perempuankurang lebih sekitar 8:1. Insidensi hernia inguinalis berkisar 1-5% pada anak dan bayi cukupbulan, sedangkan pada bayi prematur terdapat kenaikan angka yang bermakna yaitu sekitar 30%.Manifestasi klinis yang dapat terjadi pada anak dengan hernia inguinalis adalah timbulnyabenjolan pada saat mengedan, menangis, batuk, atau bersin, anak terlihat gelisah karena nyeri danrasa tidak nyaman. Penegakan diagnosis hernia inguinalis dapat dilakukan dengan anamnesis,pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Tatalaksana hernia inguinalis ialah denganherniotomi terbuka atau laparoskopi.Kata kunci: hernia inguinalis; bayi
Student Monitoring System using Machine Learning
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India., kumar S* Ashok , R.N Ragul ,   Department of Information Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India., Kumar S Praveen ,   Department of Information Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India., krishnan D Gokula ,   Department of Information Technology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Published: April 2022

The period behavioral engagement is commonly used to describe the scholar's willingness to participate within the getting to know the system. Emotional engagement describes a scholar's emotional attitude toward learning. Cognitive engagement is a chief part of overall learning engagement. From the facial expressions the involvement of the students in the magnificence can be decided. Commonly in a lecture room it's far difficult to recognize whether the students can understand the lecture or no longer. So that you can know that the comments form will be collected manually from the students. However the feedback given by the students will now not be correct. Hence they will no longer get proper comments. This hassle can be solved through the use of facial expression detection. From the facial expression the emotion of the students may be analyzed. Quantitative observations are achieved in the lecture room wherein the emotion of students might be recorded and statistically analyzed. With the aid of the use of facial expression we will directly get correct information approximately college students understand potential, and determining if the lecture becomes exciting, boring, or mild for the students. And the apprehend capability of the scholar is recognized by the facial emotions.