bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototype Equipment for Commercial Pressure-Injection of Aqueous Growth Regulators into Trees
Authors: Brown G.K.
Published: August 2022

An equipment system was developed for injection of a low vol of coned aqueous growth regulator solution into shade trees for sprout-regrowth control. The injection equipment is air powered and injects a precise vol into each injection site. Vol and pressure can be easily adjusted. The injectors are small diam and, therefore, easily force fitted into drilled holes and easily removed by hand. Tree disfigurement is not significant. The system has been field tested on several tree species and is at a commercial-prototype stage. Its design is described in detail.
COOPERATIVISMO AGROPECUARIO FRENTE AL CAMBIO TECNOLÓGICO. EL CASO DE LA ASOCIACIÓN DE COOPERATIVAS ARGENTINAS (ACA)
Authors: Monasterios Claudia Sabrina
Published: August 2022

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“AGRO LATINOAMERICANO Y DESARROLLO RURAL CONECTADO” ENTREVISTA A LA DRA. ADA C. MACHADO DA SILVEIRA
Authors: De Arce Alejandra
Published: August 2022

Dra. Ada C. Machado da Silveira Profesora titular de la Universidad Federal de Santa María (UFSM), Río Grande del Sur, Brasil, adonde integra el cuadro permanente del programa de Pós-grado de Comunicación y es líder del grupo de investigación Comunicación, identidades y fronteras, además de participar del grupo de investigación Comunicación y Desarrollo. Es investigadora del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CNPq) y profesora colaboradora en la maestría profesional en Comunicación e indústria creativa de la Universidad Federal do Pampa (Unipampa), campus de São Borja.
O CAPITAL, A MÍSTICA RELIGIOSA E A FOICE: LUTA AGRÁRIA NO BRASIL (1970-1980)
Authors: Neves da silva Emerson
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa o processo de formação doMovimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) ea relação de mediação da Igreja Católica, em especial, coma experiência da teologia da libertação. O texto discute amodernização capitalista da agricultura ocorrida a partir dainternacionalização do capital na década de 1970 enquantocontexto histórico do surgimento do conflito agrário noestado do Rio Grande do Sul. Também trata dos elementoshistóricos relacionados à gênese da autonomia do MST emrelação à Igreja Católica. A partir de documentos da CNBB,da revisão de literatura e de entrevistas com lideranças doMST, conclui-se que a Igreja Católica, através de suas pastoraise entidades mediadoras, esteve no centro da organização ematuração do MST, utilizando-se de processos teológicostradicionais e populares. Porém, com não mais de umadécada de existência, o movimento ganhou certa autonomia,reconfigurando estratégias, ações e vinculações políticas.
DESIGUALDAD TERRITORIAL Y AGRONEGOCIO. ESTRATEGIAS DE REPRODUCCIÓN SOCIAL EN EL AGRO ARGENTINO (JUNÍN E IGUAZÚ, ARGENTINA)
Authors: Lucero Paula , Frasco Zuker Laura
Published: August 2022

El
objetivo de este artículo es analizar a partir del paradigma de la geografía
crítica las estrategias de reproducción de agricultores familiares y
trabajadores rurales en el marco del proceso del afianzamiento y avance del
agronegocio en el Departamento de Iguazú (Misiones) y en Junín (Buenos Aires).
A partir de dos investigaciones etnográficas analizamos cómo se expresa la
desigualdad territorial producida por el agronegocio en los distintos
territorios. Si bien en cada uno de los casos las consecuencias del avance del
agronegocio adquieren características específicas, concluimos que el
desplazamiento territorial, la desposesión y el arrinconamiento de las
poblaciones producen prácticas similares en ambos territorios tales como el
pluriempleo, las redes sociales y vínculos solidarios que permiten, en última
instancia, la reproducción social.
CONFISSÕES DO LATIFÚNDIO: TERRA E TRABALHO NO CAMPO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Marcatti Amanda Aparecida
Published: August 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la formación histórica de la relación tierra-trabajo-capital, como elementos fundacionales de la cuestión agraria brasileña y la producción y reproducción de las desigualdades sociales. Para eso, volveremos a algunos hechos históricos centrales como: la invasión colonial, la constitución del campesinado como clase social y el proceso de industrialización en Brasil. Entendemos que la reanudación de las categorías de tierra, trabajo y capital son fundamentales para los estudios sobre el campo y el campesinado en América Latina, ya que los significados de acumulación capitalista y expropiación se expresan en sus movimientos pasados ​​/ presentes, siendo actualmente, agroindustria la expresión más compleja de la acumulación capitalista.
¿Es la Lectura de Mentes una Capacidad Unimodal?
Authors: Gómez Tabares Anyerson Stiths
Published: August 2022

En la discusión de la teoría de la mente hay dos enfoques que han intentado explicar la atribución de estados psicológicos: la teoría-teoría (TT) y la teoría de la simulación (TS). El rasgo distintivo de ambos enfoques es que defienden un proceso cognitivo unimodal de explicación de la lectura de mentes, sea de teorización o simulación. En este trabajo se discuten las implicaciones que tienen estos enfoques en la investigación filosófica y empírica, y se defiende la tesis de que la lectura de mentes no es una capacidad unimodal. Se presentan varias de las inconsistencias de la TT y la TS al buscar un acoplamiento con la evidencia empírica en psicología y neurociencia cognitiva, lo que refleja que, en efecto, la atribución de estados mentales no es el resultado de un proceso cognitivo único. Se concluye que son varios los procesos cognitivos, con distinciones de nivel y complejidad funcional encargados del reconocimiento y atribución de estados psicológicos en los demás, lo que exige un enfoque híbrido, integrativo, pluralista y coherente de la lectura de mentes.
An alternative View for Scientific Models Based on Metaphors: a case analysis from Darwin's use of metaphors
Authors: Oliveira Deivide Garcia da Silva
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to offer an alternative view for understanding scientific models based on metaphors. To accomplish this, we employ a special case of Darwin’s use of metaphors, such as the notion of powerful Being, in order to represent natural selection. Our proposal contributes to issues in the literature of scientific model, such as imprecisions in the understanding of scientific models, especially in models based on metaphors. Thus, our alternative view of models based on metaphors, and inspired by Darwin’s use of metaphors, provides us with four features, a-simplification and selection; b-articulation of familiar-unfamiliar structures; c-accessibility and moderations of complexity, and finally d-local realism. We contrast these features with Darwin’s use of a metaphors. We conclude by saying that our proposal of metaphor’s approach of models does not only contribute to the clarification of how these types of scientific models can be understood but it shows that metaphors can also contain a realist element that explains why scientists often use it in their practices of modeling the world.
Perbandingan Algoritma untuk Mereduksi Noise pada Citra Digital
Authors: Nugroho Ginanjar Setyo , Hazmin Gulam
Published: August 2022

Image restoration is one of the stages in the field of Digital Image Processing. Image restoration is objective, in the sense that restoration techniques tend to be based on mathematical or probabillistic models of image degradation. The mathematical algorithm to reduce noise in digital images in this study uses 8 filtering algorithm methods. The purpose of this study is to compare 8 filtering algorithm and conclude which algorithm is the best for reducing noise in digital images. The method for generating noise uses Rayleigh Noise and Erlang (Gamma) Noise. The algorithm for reducing noise is Arithmetic Mean Filter, Geometric Mean Filter, Harmonic Mean Filter, Contraharmonic Mean Filter, Geometric Mean Filter, Harmonic Mean Filter, Contraharmonic Mean Filter, Median Filter, Maximum Filter, Minimum Filter, and Midpoint Filter. The measurement to determine which algorithm is the best using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Tests were carried out on 15 digital images by testing 1200 times. The conclusion of this study is that the best algorithm for noise reduction is Median Filter by resulting the smallest RMSE value of 6.0860942.
Pengembangan Mobile Carwash Application pada Carwash Trijaya Menggunakan Waterfall
Authors: Favian Randy Elian , Mirza Ahmad Haidar
Published: August 2022

Cucian Mobil Trijaya merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa. Perusahaan ini masih menggunakan cara manual dalam proses bertransaksi dan pembuatan laporan harian, sehingga sering kali salah dalam penulisan dan laporan yang telah dibuat sering mengalami kerusakan fisik seperti kotor dan robek. Penulis bertujuan untuk membuat Aplikasi Kasir Cucian Mobil Trijaya. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan bahasa java menggunakan platform Android Studio, dikembangkan menggunakan metode waterfall, di rancang melalui Data Flow Diagram (DFD) dan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). Hasil dari pembuatan Aplikasi Kasir Cucian Mobil Trijaya  yaitu aplikasi ini dapat mengeluarkan output berupa struk pembayaran dan pembuatan laporan harian secara otomatis dalam bentuk pdf sehingga dapat mempermudah dalam penyimpanan. yang dapat mencatat transaksi penjualan.
Implementasi Algoritma Vignere Chiper Berbasis QRCode Untuk Absensi Pegawai PT. Delameta Bilano Cabang Ruas Tol Palembang - Inderalaya
Authors: Ichsan Muhammad , Hutrianto Hutrianto
Published: August 2022

Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam mempermudah proses Absensi  telah banyak di lakukan, hal ini yang di terapkan pada Aplikasi Absensi Pegawai PT. Delameta Bilano Cabang Ruas Tol Palembang – Inderalaya. Adapun Aplikasi ini di buat dengan menggunakan metode Extreme Programming meliputi tahapan Planning, Design, Coding, Testing dan Software Increment. Aplikasi ini di harapkan mempermudah proses pendataan Absensi pegawai baik dari proses pelaksanaan yang di lakukan oleh  pada PT. Delameta Bilano Cabang Ruas Tol Palembang – Inderalaya maupun dari sisi Admin yang mengolah data – data absensi sehingga kinerja dari  dapat terpantau dengan baik. Adapun pengujian yang di lakukan pada Aplikasi ini yaitu dengan menggunaan metode Black Box Testing yang dilakukan dengan cara pengujian dari sisi proses Logic yang telah di buat dan dari sisi fungsional fitur – fitur yang ada baik pada menu Admin dan menu , dari proses pengujian di dapat Aplikasi Absensi Pegawai PT. Delameta Bilano Cabang Ruas Tol Palembang – Inderalaya berjalan dengan baik dan tidak di temukan proses yang salah dari konsep yang telah di rencanakan pada metode pengembangan yang di terapkan
Perencanaan Strategis Sistem Informasi pada Politeknik Bhakti Semesta Menggunakan Metode Ward and Peppard
Authors: Bura Resti Sintia , Wijaya Agustinus
Published: August 2022

Politeknik Bhakti Semesta merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi yang ada di Salatiga, universitas ini memiliki sejumlah program studi yang berkaitan dengan teknologi yang sudah berjalan namun belum optimal. Karena pentingnya perencanaan strategis yaitu mampu membantu dan mengatur proses implementasi SI/TI dengan bisnis di dalam organisasi sehingga dapat memudahkan pencapaian visi dan misi organisasi, maka dirumuskan rumusan masalah strategi sistem informasi. dengan menggunakan metode Ward and Peppard terbentuk yang dapat membantu dalam menganalisa kebutuhan suatu organisasi sehingga dalam merancang suatu perencanaan dapat menghasilkan dampak yang besar bagi organisasi tersebut. Dalam perencanaan strategis digunakan beberapa alat yaitu Analisis SWOT, Analisis Value Chain, Analisis Critical Success Factor dan Analisis McFarlan Strategic Grid. Dalam penerapan SI/TI di Politeknik Bhakti Semesta yang dirasa kurang optimal karena belum terintegrasi, maka perlu adanya rencana strategis dalam rangka memberikan solusi SI/TI di Politeknik Bhakti Semesta agar dapat dapat menghasilkan proposal keluaran untuk penerapan SI/TI pada organisasi.
PRE-POST PEMBERIAN AROMATERAPI BUNGA LAVENDER TERHADAP SKALA ANSIETAS PADA PASIEN PRE-MASTEKTOMI
Authors: Tarigan Eka Ristin , Simanullang Rostime Hermayerni , Wahyu Afnijar , Ginting Laurena , Hutahaean Masta Melati
Published: August 2022

Background: Breast cancer is group of abnormal cells in the breast that continue to grow multiply. Mastectomy is one of the options for surgical action in breast cancer. In patients who will undergo mastectomy, all breast tissue and axillary lymph nodes are suspected. Surgery will cause psychological disorders in the form of anxiety that can lead to complications during surgery. One way to reduce anxiety is through the provision of aromatherapy, especially aromatherapy lavender, which is known to be sedative. Purpose: the aims to determine the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety scale in pre mastectomy patients. Method: this study was used a quasi-experimental research design with the one group pre- and post-test without control method. Determination of sample size was using purposive sampling teqniuqe with 15 respondents. The instrument to assess anxiety is the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Data from the research results were analyzed by statistical tests, namely the Wilcoxon test. Results: this study show that there is a significant effect of pre- and post-administration of aromatherapy of lavender flowers to decrease the level of anxiety in patients with pre-mastectomy with p value (p = 0,001) <0.05. Conclussion:  the granting of aromatherapy lavender can reduce of anxiety levels in patients with pre-mastectomy which means a decline in the level of anxiety after the administration of aromatherapy lavender flowers in patients with pre-mastectomy. The results of study are expected to be used as recommendations for health workers, especially the profession of a nurse to handle the patient's anxiety.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19 AT PRIVATE HOSPITAL TYPE A BANDUNG-INDONESIA
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Deri , Kusmiran Eny , Istianah Istianah , Pangestika Destiya Dwi
Published: August 2022

The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing and becomes a major health problem nowadays. CAD has an impact on various aspects of the sufferer's life, both physical, psychosocial, and spiritual which affect the patient's Quality of Life (QOL). The main effort that can be done to maintain or improve the quality of life is with the patient's medication adherence. The existence of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic has become a current issue regarding access to treatment of patients with CAD in hospitals so it has not been depicted regarding medication adherence and quality of life of patients with CAD during the pandemic, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the association between medication adherence and the quality of life of patients with CAD during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study method used is analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach. Primary data were collected from patients with CAD who were outpatient at the Cardiology Clinic of Private Hospital Type A in Bandung, Indonesia with accidental sampling technique. The study was conducted in January 2022 with the minimum sample being 70 respondents (Slovin formula). Data collection uses The Modified-Morisky Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) questionnaire to assess medication adherence and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire-7 (SAQ-7) Questionnaires to assess the quality of life of patients with CAD. The statistical test is Chi-Square. The result showed that 34 (48.6%) respondents had low medication adherence and 43 (61.4%) respondents had good QOL. There was an association between medication adherence and QOL (p-value 0.009). Adhering to treatment can improve the quality of life of patients with CAD.
GAMBARAN DETERMINAN PERILAKU POLA MAKAN KEJADIAN STROKE DIPUSKESMAS DALU SEPULUH TANJUNG MORAWA
Authors: Siringoringo Magda , Simbolon Nagoklan , Nonseo Antonia Kartini
Published: August 2022

Stroke is a symptom that occurs due to impaired blood circulation in the brain.Objective: To find out an overview of the determinants of dietary behavior with stroke events in the dalu ten tanjung morawa health center in 2022.Research Method: using FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire). The results showed that 60 respondents at the Dalu Ten Health Center, Tanjung Morawa, with dietary behavior in the type of staple food was sufficient (61.7), the type of meat that had good fat, lacked (55.0), fish and less processing (50.0, enough vegetables and fruit (75.0%), only enough food (55.0%), sufficient food processing (58.3), sufficient and insufficient cooking spices (45.0%), less soft drinks (55.0 ), less dairy products (68.3%). Based on the dietary behavior of stroke patients in consuming staple foods, vegetables and fruit, only food, the food processing of stroke patients is sufficient to understand dietary behavior. Meanwhile, in consuming fatty meats, fish and their processing, cooking spices, and soft drinks, stroke sufferers are still lacking so that the eating behavior of stroke patients must increase food consumption patterns and the need to meet food consumption so that information on eating behavior of stroke sufferers is accurate and correct. Stroke sufferers must regulate their diet and avoid foods that contain high fat and cholesterol, besides that stroke patients are also advised to do physical activity, reduce stress levels by doing activities outside the home, taking vacations, exercising and quitting smoking to prevent stroke
Kuaförlerdeki Üst Ekstremite Kas-İskelet Sistemi Problemleri ile Mesleki Tükenmişlik Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIZ KIZKIN Zeynep , ÜSTÜN Kağan , BİNGÖLBALİ Ömer , SARI Zübeyir
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kuaförlerde kas-iskelet sistemi problemlerinin hangi vücut bölgelerinde sık görüldüğünü araştırmak ve üst ekstremite kas iskelet sistemi problemleri ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Kesitsel tipte tasarlanan bu çalışmaya konjenital kas iskelet sistemi hastalığı ve gebelik durumu olmayan, son 6 ay içinde travmatik kas iskelet sistemi problemi yaşamamış 78 kuaför dahil edildi. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri alındıktan sonra, Cornell Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlığı Anketi (CKİSRA) ile kas-iskelet sistemi bu problemleri ve problemlerin işe etkisi; Tükenmişlik Ölçeği-Kısa Formu (TÖ-KF) ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların 26’sı (%33,3) kadın, 52’si (%66,7) erkek kuaförüydü. Kuaförlerin kas iskelet sistemi ağrı/sızı/rahatsızlık hissinin en çok olduğu vücut bölgeleri boyun (n=46) ve bel (n=45) bölgeleriydi. Katılımcıların kas iskelet sistemi problemleri ile mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde orta düzey (r=0,387; p
KEHAMILAN REMAJA DENGAN DEPRESI POSTPARTUM PADA IBU POSTPARTUM
Authors: Illustri Illustri
Published: August 2022

Depresi  menduduki  peringkat  keempat  penyakit  di  dunia  dan  diperkirakan menjadi urutan kedua pada tahun 2020. Remaja merupakan kelompok penduduk yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Tingkat depresi pada kehamilan remaja sekitar 20% - 40 % dan depresi postpartum pada remaja adalah 19% - 50%. Depresi postpartum dapat mempengaruhi interaksi antara ibu dan bayi. Faktor risiko terjadinya depresi  postpartum adalah depresi selama masa kehamilan, dimana terjadi kesulitan koping dan pengalaman emosi yang negatif setelah persalinan. Hampir semua remaja mengalami tekanan psikologis yang berasal dari ketidaksiapan  psikososialnya  untuk  mengemban  peran  dan  tanggung  jawab sebagai calon orang tua. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan remaja dengan kejadian depresi postpartum. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan teknik inccidental sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 80 responden. Pengambilan data dengan kuesioner sosiodemografi dan Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Analisis data menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact Test.Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan depresi postpartum adalah kehamilan remaja (p=0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini terdapat hubungan kehamilan remaja dengan kejadian  depresi  postpartum. Kehamilan remaja meningkatkan risiko sebesar 20,9 kali terjadinya depresi postpartum.
RELATIONSHIP OF PREeclampsia WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN RSUD dr. MOH. SOEWANDHIE SURABAYA
Authors: Dameria Sinaga Nelly
Published: August 2022

In Indonesia, the prevalence of preeclampsia ranges from 3.4 to 8.5%. In 2011, MMR in East Java was caused by preeclampsia by 27.27%. At the time the baby is born, preeclampsia can also cause low birth weight (LBW). This study aims to determine the relationship between preeclampsia in pregnancy and low birth weight in the delivery room at RSUD dr. Moh. Soewandhie Surabaya. This research is an analytical observational cross sectional. The population of this study were all mothers who gave birth at dr.M.Soewandhie Hospital for the period January-March 2013 as many as 1067 mothers. The number of samples as many as 229 mothers with simple random sampling technique. The independent variable is preeclampsia, while the dependent variable is low birth weight. The instrument is a data collection sheet. Data analysis uses contingency coefficients. The results of the study using the chi square test obtained 2 count 15.68 > 2 table 3.84, with SPSS < (0.000 < 0.05) then the hypothesis is accepted meaning that there is a relationship between preeclampsia in pregnancy and low birth weight. The contingency coefficient (C) is 0.000 with a very low correlation strength. The strength of the relationship (RO) was 0.053 (IK = 0.007-0.392), meaning that mothers with preeclampsia had a 0.053 times risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight compared to mothers without preeclampsia with a probability of 5%. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between preeclampsia in pregnancies with low birth weight. So the advice that can be given to midwives is to provide additional information in providing IEC and midwifery care to pregnant women with preeclampsia and infants with low birth weight.
Comparison of planetary boundary layer height from ceilometer with ARM radiosonde data
Authors: Zhang Damao , Comstock Jennifer , Morris Victor
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Ceilometer measurements of aerosol backscatter profiles have been
widely used to provide continuous planetary boundary layer height (PBLHT)
estimations. To investigate the robustness of ceilometer-estimated PBLHT
under different atmospheric conditions, we compared ceilometer- and
radiosonde-estimated PBLHTs using multiple years of U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) ceilometer and
balloon-borne sounding data at ARM fixed-location atmospheric observatories
and from ARM mobile facilities deployed around the world for various field
campaigns. These observatories cover from the tropics to the polar regions
and over both ocean and land surfaces. Statistical comparisons of
ceilometer-estimated PBLHTs from the Vaisala CL31 ceilometer data with
radiosonde-estimated PBLHTs from the ARM PBLHT-SONDE Value-added Product
(VAP) are performed under different atmospheric conditions including stable
and unstable atmospheric boundary layer, low-level cloud-free conditions, and cloudy
conditions at these ARM observatories. Under unstable conditions, good
comparisons are found between ceilometer- and radiosonde-estimated PBLHTs at
ARM low- and mid-latitude land observatories. However, it is still
challenging to obtain reliable PBLHT estimations over ocean surfaces even
using radiosonde data. Under stable conditions, ceilometer- and
radiosonde-estimated PBLHTs have weak correlations. We compare different
PBLHT estimations utilizing the Heffter, the Liu–Liang, and the bulk
Richardson number methods applied to radiosonde data with
ceilometer-estimated PBLHT. We find that ceilometer-estimated PBLHT compares
better with the Liu–Liang method under unstable conditions and compares
better with the bulk Richardson number method under stable conditions.
Evaluation of MOPITT and TROPOMI carbon monoxide retrievals using AirCore in situ vertical profiles
Authors: Martínez-Alonso Sara , Deeter Merritt N. , Baier Bianca C. , McKain Kathryn , Worden Helen , Borsdorff Tobias , Sweeney Colm , Aben Ilse
Published: August 2022

Abstract. AirCore in situ vertical profiles sample the atmosphere from near the surface to the lower stratosphere, making them ideal for the validation of satellite tropospheric trace gas data. Here we present intercomparison results of AirCore carbon monoxide (CO) measurements with respect to retrievals from MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere; version 8) and TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), on board the NASA Terra and ESA Sentinel 5-Precursor satellites, respectively. Mean MOPITT/AirCore total column bias values and their standard deviation (0.4 ± 5.5, 1.7 ± 5.6, and 0.7 ± 6.0 for MOPITT thermal-infrared, near-infrared, and multispectral retrievals, respectively; all in %)
are similar to results obtained in MOPITT/NOAA aircraft flask data comparisons from this study and from previous validation efforts. MOPITT CO retrievals are systematically validated using in situ vertical profiles from a variety of aircraft campaigns. Because most aircraft vertical profiles do not sample the troposphere's entire vertical extent, they must be extended upwards in order to be usable in validation. Here we quantify, for the first time, the error introduced in MOPITT CO validation by the use of shorter aircraft vertical profiles extended upwards by analyzing validation results of MOPITT with respect to full and truncated AirCore CO vertical profiles. Our results indicate that the error is small, affects mostly upper tropospheric retrievals (at 300 hPa: ∼ 2.6, 0.8, and 3.2 percent points for MOPITT thermal-infrared, near-infrared, and multispectral, respectively), and may have resulted in the overestimation of MOPITT retrieval biases in that region. TROPOMI can retrieve CO under both clear and cloudy conditions. The latter is achieved by quantifying interfering trace gases and parameters describing the cloud contamination of the measurements together with the CO column; then, the reference CO profiles used in the retrieval are scaled based on estimated above-cloud CO rather than on estimated total CO. We use AirCore measurements as the reference to evaluate the error introduced by this approach in cloudy TROPOMI retrievals over land after accounting for TROPOMI's vertical sensitivity to CO (relative bias and its standard deviation = 2.02 % ± 11.13 %). We also quantify the null-space error, which accounts for differences between the shape of TROPOMI reference profiles and that of AirCore measured profiles (for TROPOMI cloudy enull=0.98 % ± 2.32 %).
Condensation–mass flux connection in warm convective clouds: theory and implications for cloud supersaturation
Authors: Kogan Yefim L.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The study focused on the relationship between Condensation Rate (CR) and the upward/Plus Mass Flux (MFP) in a system of trade wind cumulus clouds simulated by an LES model. The model was initialized with data observed during the RICO field project, and simulated in a 50.0×50.0 km horizontal domain. In our previous study (Kogan, 2021) we showed that a nearly perfect
correlation exists between CR and MFP (correlation coefficient R=0.99). As a result, condensation rate can be highly accurately expressed as a linear function of upward mass flux. This LES derived finding was explained using condensation theory and concept of quasi-steady supersaturation. The
obtained from the LES model slope of the CR–MFP linear fit was in excellent agreement with its theoretical value (error less than 5 %). The theory also showed that the equality between the LES and theoretical values of the slope follows from the equality between supersaturation and its quasi-steady value. The study results suggest that condensation rates, for a variety of cloud
conditions, can be precisely estimated using the single variable–upward
mass flux. Possible implications of the results for evaluating supersaturation and degree of non-adiabaticity in clouds are discussed.
Effects of orbital forcing, greenhouse gases and ice sheets on Saharan greening in past and future multi-millennia
Authors: Duque-Villegas Mateo , Claussen Martin , Brovkin Victor , Kleinen Thomas
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Climate archives reveal alternating arid and humid conditions in North Africa during the last several million years.
Most likely the dry phases resembled current hyper-arid landscapes, whereas the wet phases known as African humid periods (AHPs) sustained much more surface water and greater vegetated areas that “greened” large parts of the Sahara region.
Previous analyses of sediment cores from the Mediterranean Sea showed the last five AHPs differed in strength, duration and rate of change.
To understand the causes of such differences we perform transient simulations of the past 190 000 years with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2.
We analyse the amplitude and rate of change of the modelled AHP responses to changes in orbital parameters, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ice sheets.
In agreement with estimates from Mediterranean Sea sapropels, we find the model predicts a threshold in orbital forcing for Sahara greening and occurrence of AHPs.
Maximum rates of change in simulated vegetation extent at AHP onset and termination correlate strongly with the rate of change of the orbital forcing.
As suggested by available data for the Holocene AHP, the onset of modelled AHPs usually happens faster than termination.
A factor separation analysis confirms the dominant role of the orbital forcing in driving the amplitude of precipitation and vegetation extent for past AHPs.
Forcing due to changes in GHGs and ice sheets is only of secondary importance, with a small contribution from synergies with the orbital forcing.
Via the factor separation we detect that the threshold in orbital forcing for AHP onset varies with GHG levels.
To explore the implication of our finding from the palaeoclimate simulations for the AHPs that might occur in a greenhouse-gas-induced warmer climate, we extend the palaeoclimate simulations into the future.
For the next 100 000 years the variations in orbital forcing will be smaller than during the last 100 millennia, and the insolation threshold for the onset of late Quaternary AHPs will not be crossed.
However, with higher GHG concentrations the predicted threshold drops considerably.
Thereby, the occurrence of AHPs in upcoming millennia appears to crucially depend on future concentrations of GHGs.
Back to the future- Conservative grassland management for Anthropocene soils in the changed landscapes of Uruguay?
Authors: Säumel Ina , Ramírez Leonardo R. , Tietjen Sarah , Barra Marcos , Zagal Erik
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The ‘soils of the anthropocene’ are predominately agricultural. To understand them, we analysed agri- and silvicultural intensification of Uruguayan grasslands in a country wide survey on fertility proxies, pH and trace metals in topsoils originating from different land uses. We observed a loss of nutrients, trace metals and organic matter from grassland, crops and timber plantations, and its accumulation in the topsoils of riverine forests. The translocation of nutrients and organic matter across the landscape to the erosion base depends on local land use trajectories. Increasing soil acidification is driving a positive feedback loop, and land use intensification is leading to degradation of local black soils within a few decades. Our data raises questions about the resilience and carrying capacity of Uruguayan soils with regard to currently implemented highly productive management forms, including the use of timber plantation for carbon sequestration, and supports more conservative forms of extensive management on the grassland biome.
A quasi-objective single buoy approach for Lagrangian coherent structures and sea ice fracture events
Authors: Aksamit Nikolas O. , Scharien Randall K. , Hutchings Jennifer K.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Sea ice deformation and dynamics play a significant role in atmosphere-ice-ocean coupling. Deformation patterns in sea ice can be observed at a wide range of spatial scales, though high resolution objective quantification of these features remains difficult. In an effort to better understand local deformation of sea ice, we adapt the Trajectory Stretching Exponents (TSEs), quasi-objective measures of Lagrangian stretching in continuous media, to sea ice buoy data, and develop a temporal analysis of TSE time series. TSEs provide an approximation of Lagrangian coherent structure diagnostics when only sparse trajectory data is available. As TSEs do not require multiple buoys, we find they have an expanded range of use when compared with traditional Eulerian buoy-array deformation metrics, and provide local-stretching information below the length-scales possible when averaging over buoy-arrays. We verify the ability of TSEs to temporally and spatially identify dynamic fracture events for three different sea ice datasets, with buoys identifying fracture domains ranging tens to hundreds of kilometers in diameter.
Monitoring snowpack SWE and temperature using RFID tags as wireless sensors
Authors: Le Breton Mathieu , Larose Éric , Baillet Laurent , Lejeune Yves , van Herwijnen Alec
Published: August 2022

Abstract. This work shows that passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags can be used as low-cost contactless sensors, to measure the variations in snow water equivalent (SWE) of a snowpack. RFID tags are produced massively to remotely identify industrial goods, hence are available commercially off-the-shelf at very low-cost. The introduced measurement system consists of a vertical profile of RFID tags installed before the first snowfall, interrogated continuously by a 865–868 MHz reader that remains above the snowpack. The system deduces the SWE variations from the increase of phase delay induced by the new layers of fresh snow which slows the propagation of the waves. The method is tested both in a controlled laboratory environment, and outdoors on the French national reference center of Col de Porte, to cross-check the results against a solid reference dataset (cosmic rays, precipitation weighting, temperature monitoring, and snow pit surveys). The technical challenges solved concern multipathing interferences, snowmelt acceleration during reheats, measurement discontinuity, and wet snow influence. This non-contact and non-destructive RFID technique can estimate the SWE of dry snow, with the accuracy of ±3−30 kg/m2 depending on the number of tags and antennas. In addition, the system can monitor the snow temperature with 1 °C accuracy and spatialization, using dedicated sensors embedded in the tags.
The impact of terrain model source and resolution on snow avalanche modeling
Authors: Miller Aubrey , Sirguey Pascal , Morris Simon , Bartelt Perry , Cullen Nicolas , Redpath Todd , Thompson Kevin , Bühler Yves
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Natural hazard models need accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) to simulate mass movements on real-world terrain. A variety of platforms (terrestrial, drones, aerial, satellite) and sensor technologies (photogrammetry, lidar, interferometric synthetic aperture radar) are used to generate DEMs at a range of spatial resolutions with varying accuracy. As the availability of high-resolution DEMs continues to increase and the cost to produce DEMs continues to fall, hazard modelers must often choose which DEM to use for their modeling. We use satellite photogrammetry and topographic lidar to generate high-resolution DEMs and test the sensitivity of the Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS) software to the DEM source and spatial resolution when simulating a large and complex snow avalanche along Milford Road in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Holding the RAMMS parameters constant while adjusting the source and spatial resolution of the DEM reveals how differences in terrain representation between the satellite photogrammetry and topographic lidar DEMs (2 m spatial resolution) affect the reliability of the simulation estimates (e.g., maximum core velocity, powder pressure, runout length, final debris pattern). At the same time, coarser representations of the terrain (5 and 15 m spatial resolution) simulate avalanches that run too far and produce a powder cloud that is too large, though with lower maximum impact pressures, compared to the actual event. The complex nature of the alpine terrain in the avalanche path (steep, rough, rock faces, treeless) makes it a suitable location to specifically test the model sensitivity to digital surface models (DSMs) where both ground and above-ground features on the topography are included in the elevation model. Considering the nature of the snowpack in the path (warm, deep with a steep elevation gradient) lying on a bedrock surface and plunging over a cliff, RAMMS performed well in the challenging conditions when using the high-resolution 2 m lidar DSM, with 99 % of the simulated debris volume located in the documented debris area.
Strategy of nanorrelation in the transdisciplinarity of communication education
Authors:   Institute of Educational Sciences, Republic of Moldova, Callo Tatiana
Published: August 2022

The research we have undertaken is focused on achieving the following objectives: developing a benchmark for the strategy of nanorelation, determining the constitutive and necessary elements of the strategy in the context of communication education; identifying some types of relationships and a concrete nano-relationship strategy, which outlines the most desirable forms of communication from a socio-educational point of view. The option for investigating communication education by combining several variables: the concept of training strategy, interactive strategy; the notion of collaborative learning; relationship consensus; nano specificity; the importance of transdisciplinarity, the functions of nanorelation, is based on a series of findings, which seem to ensure a sufficient basis, as they allow to obtain relevant theoretical results. Assuming this general framework of theorizing, we try to outline a concrete example of nanorelation in the transdisciplinarity of communication education, to reveal in an analytical way its important properties, to highlight the related contexts and to foreshadow a tool to improve education. communication.
Methodology of developing language skills in first grade students
Authors:   Ion Creanga Pedagogical State University, Republic of Moldova, Ponomari Dorina , Corghencea Nina ,   "Liviu Deleanu" Lyceum, Republic of Moldova
Published: August 2022

A developed language is one of the main conditions for an efficient school activity. Through language exercises and games, vocabulary will be activated/expanded and comprehension of oral messages and read texts will be improved, which often prevents the student from successfully completing homework, will enhance other language components and finally we will develop language skills of the student.
Experimental arguments regarding the need to use the discursive approach of the literary text in the development of the communicative competence in english of philology students
Authors:   Tiraspol State University, Republic of Moldova, Ciorba-Lascu Tatiana
Published: August 2022

The article presents the description of the design of the ascertaining experiment of the Methodology for the development of the communication competence in English of the Philology students through the discursive approach of the literary text. The paper includes the results of experimental research, scientifically argued, which highlight some shortcomings in the process of developing the competence of discursive communication in the English language. The data obtained prove the need to develop a Methodology through experimental actions regarding the use of the discursive practices within the subject Interpretation of the English literary text.
The effect of strategic leadership on intellectual capital: The mediating role of the knowledge sharing in Kuwait industrial companies
Authors: Zubi Mohammad AL , Khalid Marie Bani
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to figure out the effect of the strategic leadership on the intellectual capital, in addition to the mediating role of the knowledge-sharing mediating variable in the Kuwaiti industry companies. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study adopted the descriptive, analytical approach by preparing a questionnaire. After verifying its validity and reliability, the researcher distributed it to a sample of (284) male and female employees in the Kuwaiti industrial companies. After conducting the statistical analysis through the (SPSS) and (Amos V23), the study concluded a statistically significant effect at sig. (α≤0.05) for the strategic leadership on the intellectual capital in the Kuwaiti industrial companies and a statistically significant effect at sig. (α≤0.05) for the strategic leadership of the intellectual capital through knowledge sharing as a mediating variable in the industrial companies in the State of Kuwait.
Analysis of barriers in effective immunization against COVID 19 using F-DEMATEL
Authors: Jangre Jogendra , Prasad Samidha , Prasad Kanika
Published: August 2022

India had broken all the records and counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases per day and daily death toll reached over thousands. India is way far from other developed nations in the number of vaccine doses per 100 population. Although vaccination is an effective measure to be followed to overcome this grave situation, still certain misconceptions and rumors throughout the country have pulled a decent part of the population from being vaccinated. Another big challenge is production and supply of vaccines to meet the demand. COVID-19 pandemic will not end until the entire population gets vaccinated that would protect them from this deadly disease. Therefore, this paper aims at clearly identifying the factors and subsequently prioritizing them as barriers in effective immunization against COVID-19 in India following multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique. In this study, a fuzzy decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (F-DEMATEL) approach is applied for understanding the contextual relationship among the barriers for effective immunization against COVID-19. The methodology is followed in a fuzzy environment to address the issue of uncertainty in the data gathered. The result suggests that the ‘Misinformation/ Misconceptions/ Lack of vaccine education in underserved communities’, ‘Lack of information regarding a vaccination center close to home’, ‘Difficulties in getting appointments’, ‘Supply chain issues in the distribution of vaccine’, and ‘Lack of access for marginalized communities’ are the important barriers in effective immunization against COVID-19. Recommendations have been made to overcome this situation and help to immunize the population and drag COVID-19 down to earth.
Dolor agudo y eficacia de la escala de mueca felina en gatos del Hospital Veterinario Medipet
Authors: Paredes-Catota Fernando , Castillo-Hidalgo Edy Paul , Almeida-Revelo Olga Vanesa , Vilcacundo-Paredes Henrry Daniel
Published: August 2022

El dolor es la sensación desagradable producida como respuesta ante un estímulo ocasionado por diversos escenarios como pueden ser procesos traumáticos o patológicos, los cuales no permiten una adecuada recuperación del paciente. Se presentó una población de diez gatos con varios cuadros clínicos, los cuales fueron medidos con escala de mueca felina y obtuvieron un puntaje de dolor de entre 0 a 5 sobre 10 del nivel de dolor, una vez evaluado su puntaje se administró analgesia. Cada paciente fue medido una segunda vez, y como resultado se observó una disminución significativa del dolor entre un 12 a un 40 % en su escala de medición, lo cual permitió deducir que el tratamiento aplicado fue el adecuado. El uso de esta escala permite ofrecer una mejor atención al paciente en cuanto al reconocimiento del dolor, mediante, una cuantificación objetiva a fin de tener una idea más clara de su padecimiento y así poder tratarlo conforme a sus necesidades. Con la muestra poblacional estudiada (n=10) se obtuvo una escala de medición entre 0 a 5 sobre 10 puntos de estimación del dolor en total de la muestra de la población de gatos incluida en el estudio, siendo más frecuentes las puntuaciones de 4 a 5 previo a la administración de analgesia. En la presente investigación se pudo determinar, que el dolor agudo está asociado a traumatismo múltiple, en tanto que el dolor intenso se asocia a problemas neurológicos, obstrucción por cuerpo extraño, parasitosis y procesos quirúrgicos programados.
Efficacy of BACTI-NIL®AQUA in Experimental infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in juvenile of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Morales-Covarrubias María Soledad , Bolan-Mejía María del Carmen , Gracía-Aguilar Noemi , Isern-Subich María-Mercè , Hernández-González Gilberto , Nuez-Ortín Waldo Gabriel
Published: August 2022

This work aims to evaluate looks at the antibacterial efficacy of BACTI-NIL®AQUA when added to the feed of Penaeus vannamei in experimental infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (M0904AHPND+strain). Results show that adition of BACTI-NIL®AQUA at 3,000 and 5,000 part per million (ppm), causes inhibition growth zones of 15.00 ± 0.50 milimeters (mm) and 17.00 ± 0.30 mm, respectively. The challenge with V. parahaemolyticus resulted in 60% survival for organisms fed doses 3,000 ppm of BACTI-NIL®AQUA and 60% for those fed 5,000 ppm of BACTI-NIL®AQUA, resulting in twice the amount of survival as opposed to 13.33% (4 organism) in the positive control at 24 hours post-infection. Histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas with hemocytic infiltration within the intertubular connective tissue were observed. Also, tubules with severe cell detachment and tubular atrophy were detected in the positive control organisms, and organisms treated with of BACTI-NIL®AQUA only had vermiform structures in the tubular lumen, cell detachment and infiltration of hemolymph in intertubular connective tissue. According to the analysis of the studied variables, it can be concluded that of BACTI-NIL®AQUA is a promising alternative for V. parahaemolyticus control in shrimp culture.
Preaching to the Unconverted: The Third Man (1949) as Historical Resource for Exploring the Topic of Americans in Vienna, 1945–1955
Authors: Scholz Anne-Marie
Published: August 2022

Classic but by no means “timeless,” Carol Reed’s 1949 British/US co-production The Third Man is also a fascinating historical document about the Four Power occupation in Vienna after 1945. In this article I would like to use the film to focus upon the US occupation in particular and the perception of the role of Americans in postwar Austria. A look at the plot, the production history, and a sample of the German-speaking reception will demonstrate that the film’s ironic distance to the United States was a major part of its appeal to European audiences. Moreover, this distance was elegantly camouflaged through an innovative multilingual script that ultimately helped to reconcile German-speaking audiences to the US occupation rather than deepening “anti-Americanism.” Along with its ironic distance to the Americans, the film’s creative use of Austrian actors, music, and locations without the slightest association with war crimes or complicity with criminal actions during the war ultimately led to its paradoxical high standing as both a “mirror” of postwar reality and “timeless classic.”
From Segregation to Disability Rights: Pennsylvania Disability History in Historical Context
Authors: Downey Dennis B.
Published: August 2022

A brief conversational presentation that highlights aspects of Pennsylvania disability history. Emphasis is given to the institutional and ideological dimensions of the Commonwealth’s place in a national narrative of disability injustice and disability rights. Due to space constraints, less attention is given to the stories of individuals. The aim is to encourage further research.