bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral and Neural Correlates of Self-Harm in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sparrow-Downes Victoria M. , Trincao-Batra Sara , MA Paula Cloutier , MA Amanda Helleman , Salamatmanesh Mina , Gardner William , Baksh Anton , Kapur Rishi , Sheridan Nicole , Suntharalingam Sinthuja , Currie Lisa , Carrie Liam D. , MA Arthur Hamilton , Pajer Kathleen
Published: October 2021

Background

Self-harm in children and adolescents is difficult to treat. Peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm could lead to biomarkers to guide precision care. We therefore conducted a scoping review of research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm in this age group.
Methods

PubMed and Embase databases were searched from January 1980-May 2020, seeking English language peer-reviewed studies about peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm, defined as completed suicide, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in subjects, birth to 19 years of age. Studies were excluded if only investigating self-harm in persons with intellectual or developmental disability syndromes. A blinded multi-stage assessment process by pairs of co-authors selected final studies for review. Risk of bias estimates were done on final studies.
Results

We screened 5537 unduplicated abstracts, leading to the identification of 79 eligible studies in 76 papers. Of these, 48 investigated peripheral correlates, and 31 examined neural correlates. Suicidality was the focus in 2/3 of the studies, with NSSI and any type of self-harm (subjects recruited with suicidality, NSSI, or both) studied in 1/3 of the remaining studies. All investigations used observational designs (primarily case-control), most used convenience samples of adolescent patients, predominately female, half of whom were recruited based on a disorder. Over a quarter of the specific correlates were investigated with only one study. Inter-study agreement on findings from specific correlates with more than one study was low for most correlates. Estimates of Good for risk of bias were assigned to 37% of the studies, but the majority of studies were rated as Fair.
Conclusions

Research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm is not sufficiently mature to identify potential biomarkers. Conflicting findings were reported for many of the correlates studied. Methodological problems may have produced biased findings and results are mainly generalizable to patients and girls. We provide recommendations to improve future peripheral and neural correlate research in children and adolescents, ages 3-19 years with self-harm.
Optoelectrical Nanomechanical Resonators Made From Multilayered 2D Materials
Authors: Esmenda Joshoua Condicion , Aguila Myrron Albert Callera , Wang Jyh-Yang , Lee Teik-Hui , Chen Yen-Chun , Yang Chi-Yuan , Lin Kung-Hsuan , Chang-Liao Kuei-Shu , Kafanov Sergey , Pashkin Yuri , Chen Chii-Dong
Published: October 2021

Studies involving nanomechanical motion have evolved from its detection and understanding of its fundamental aspects to its promising practical utility as an integral component of hybrid systems. Nanomechanical resonators’ indispensable role as transducers between optical and microwave fields in hybrid systems, such as quantum communications interface, have elevated their importance in recent years. It is therefore crucial to determine which among the family of nanomechanical resonators is more suitable for this role. Most of the studies revolve around nanomechanical resonators of ultrathin structures because of their inherently large mechanical amplitude due to their very low mass. Here, we argue that the underutilized nanomechanical resonators made from multilayered two-dimensional (2D) materials are the better fit for this role because of their comparable electrostatic tunability and larger optomechanical responsivity. To show this, we first demonstrate the electrostatic tunability of mechanical modes of a multilayered nanomechanical resonator made from graphite. We also show that the optomechanical responsivity of multilayered devices will always be superior as compared to the few-layer devices. Finally, by using the multilayered model and comparing this device with the reported ones, we find that the electrostatic tunability of devices of intermediate thickness is not significantly lower than that of ultrathin ones. Together with the practicality in terms of fabrication ease and design predictability, we contend that multilayered 2D nanomechanical resonators are the optimal choice for the electromagnetic interface in integrated quantum systems.
TreeSp2Vec: Tree Species Embeddings of Spanish Forests Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: González-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Diéguez-Aranda Ulises
Published: October 2021

Background: In recent years, Representation Learning techniques have proved a valuable resource in many research fields for effectively mapping abstract categories into numeric scales. In this study, we developed a model for learning tree species representations using deep neural networks and data from a Spanish National Forest Inventory. Our approach was based on a supervised species classification of every tree in the dataset using as input a set of phytocentric and geocentric variables derived from forest inventory data and environmental cartography. Derived from this, we produced two sets of representations: 1) tree-level, using the units of the embedding layer, and 2) species-level, using the weights of each category in the output layer. Results: Among the tested architectures, a model with two hidden layers of 1024 units and an embedding layer of 16 units provided the best apparent and test performances (Matthew's Correlation Coefficient = 0.89). The developed embeddings were evaluated intrinsically by estimating their correlations with supplementary species descriptors not included in the training dataset. This analysis revealed some significant associations that prove the generality of the embedding model. For instance, some latent dimensions could be used for differentiating conifer vs. broadleaved species. Other dimensions were correlated with forest species diversity indexes. ﻿Conclusions: We concluded that the developed embeddings provided accurate and generalizable numeric representations of Spanish tree species that might be useful as a starting point for future research in forest modeling.
Assessing Clinical Reasoning Ability in Fourth-year Medical Students via an Integrative Group History-taking Workshop With an Individual Reasoning Teaching Programme
Authors: Lai Jian-Han , Cheng Kuan-Hao , Wu Yih-Jer , Lin Ching-Chung
Published: October 2021

Background: The most important factor in evaluating a physician’s competence is strong clinical reasoning ability, leading to correct principal diagnoses. The process of clinical reasoning includes history taking, physical examinations, validating medical records, and determining a final diagnosis. In this study, we designed a teaching programme to evaluate the clinical reasoning competence of fourth-year medical students.Methods: We created five patient scenarios for our standardised patients, including haemoptysis, abdominal pain, fever, anaemia, and chest pain. A group history-taking workshop with individual reasoning principles was implemented to teach and evaluate students’ abilities to take histories, document key information, and arrive at the most likely diagnosis. Residents were trained to act as teachers, and a post-study questionnaire was employed to evaluate the students’ satisfaction with the training programme.Results: A total of 76 students, five teachers, and five standardised patients participated in this clinical reasoning training programme. The average history-taking score was 64%, the average key information number was 7, the average diagnosis number was 1.1, and the average correct diagnosis rate was 38%. Standardised patients presenting with abdominal pain (8.3%) and anaemia (18.2%) had the lowest diagnosis rates. The scenario of anaemia presented the most difficult challenge for students in history taking (3.5/5) and clinical reasoning (3.5/5). The abdominal pain scenario yielded even worse results (history taking: 2.9/5 and clinical reasoning 2.7/5). We found a correlation in the clinical reasoning process between the correct and incorrect most likely diagnosis groups (group history-taking score, p=0.045; key information number, p=0.009 and diagnosis number, p=0.004). The post-study questionnaire results indicated significant satisfaction with the teaching programme (4.7/5) and the quality of teacher feedback (4.9/5).Conclusions: We concluded that the clinical reasoning skills of fourth-year medical students benefited from this training programme, and the lower correction of the most likely diagnosis rate found with abdominal pain, anaemia, and fever might be due to a system-based teaching programme in fourth-year medical students; cross-system remedial reasoning training is recommended for fourth-year medical students in the future.
The Relationship Between TC/HDL-c and Disease Activity in Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients
Authors: Sun Shanmiao , Huang Yukai , Huang Qidang , Liu Meng , Feng Fan , Ji Zhuyi , Huang Lixin , Deng Weiming , Li Tian-wang
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The study aims to determine the clinical significance of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), TC/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, and LDL-c/ HDL-c in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients.Methods: Two hundred and five axSpA patients and 71 healthy subjects were enrolled. AxSpA patients were further divided into remission group and active group. The laboratory data were collected. Spearman’s correlation, receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves, and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results: TC, TG, LDL-c and HDL-c were lower in axSpA group, while LDL-c/HDL-c was higher (P<0.05). ROC curves results revealed that the AUC value of HDL-c for axSpA was 0.752 (CI95%: 0.693-0.811), yielding the highest AUC value. HDL-c was negatively correlated with BASDAI, CRP, and ESR (P<0.05). TC/HDL-c was positively correlated with BASDAI, BASFI, CRP, and ESR (P<0.05). Besides, TC/HDL-c, CRP, and ESR in axSpA of active group were higher than those in remission group, while HDL-c was lower (P<0.05). ROC curves results showed that the AUC value of TC/HDL-c and CRP for axSpA of active group were 0.616 (CI95%: 0.539-0.694) and 0.632 (CI95%: 0.554-0.710), yielding higher AUC value than other parameters. The optimal cutoff value of TC/HDL-c for axSpA of active group was 4.218, with a Youden index of 0.195, a sensitivity of 50.6%, and a specificity of 68.9%. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that TC/HDL-c was an independent indicator for axSpA disease activity.Conclusions: TC/HDL-c was elevated in axSpA of active group, yielding a high diagnostic value and showing a positively correlation with the disease activity of axSpA. TC/HDL-c may be a novel and reliable indicator for axSpA disease activity.
A Retrospective Analysis of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated by Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Surgery
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Chi , Xu Liping , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Dongsheng , Leng Yan , Wu Chenjiang , Chen Jiayan , Sun Xinchen
Published: October 2021

PurposeNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been recommended as a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. In our study, we retrospectively analyzed the oncological outcomes of patients with stage II-III rectal cancer who were treated in our department.Patients and MethodsDuring March 2014 to June 2020, total 139 patients were retrospectively reviewed, of whom 121 were analyzable. All of our enrolled patients with stage II to III rectal cancer were treated with nCRT with a capecitabine-based regimen, total mesorectal excision surgery, and an adjuvant capecitabine-based chemotherapy regimen. We examined the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 3-year overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) and investigated adverse factors related to the survival of this group of patients. We used the Kaplane-Meier method and Cox modeling to estimate and compare survival in our populations.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 36 months, overall survival at 3 years was 83.2%, and disease-free survival at 3 years was 74.4% in this arm. After multivariate adjustment, ypTNM stage(TNM stage after neoadjuvant therapy) was significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS). A positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) status on MRI and ypTNM stage were significantly related to a worse overall survival (OS). Among the 121 patients, 24 achieved a pCR (19.8%); two patients did not complete radiation therapy. Eighteen patients died due to a cancer-related cause.ConclusionThe oncological outcomes of nCRT at our institution are comparable with those of other clinical studies on rectal cancer in which patients were treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Among the 121 patients, 24 had a pCR (19.8%). ypTNM stage was significantly associated with DFS; CRM status and ypTNM stage were were significantly related to overall survival (OS) after multivariate analysis.
Relationship between Semen NAD+ Concentration and Reproductive Aging in Normazoospermia Men: A Cohort Study
Authors: Bai Xueyan , Wang Peng
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe mechanisms of age-dependent reproductive decline in men are largely overlooked. Age-dependent reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels has been reported in multiple somatic and female reproductive tissues, including oocytes and ovarian tissue. However, the relationship between NAD+ levels and male zygote has not been studied yet. In the current study, the association between semen NAD+ levels and paternal age will be investigated. Besides, we will also answer if semen NAD+ levels are related to semen quality.MethodsIn this pilot observatory cohort study, semen samples of a total of 51 male subjects who visited a university-affiliated reproductive medical center for preconception consultation (<30 years: n=13, 30-40 years: n=19, >40 years: n=19) were recruited. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded, and semen analysis was performed. Sperm NAD+ levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically.ResultsBetween the three age groups, there was on significant difference in major parameters of semen quality. Semen NAD+ level was also similar between the three groups (<30 years: 91.61±15.59 nmol/106 sperm, 30-40 years: 125.60±16.28 nmol/106 sperm, >40 years:115.59±16.55 nmol/106 sperm). Additionally, linear aggression also revealed no correlation between semen NAD+ concentration and the age of the participants (r2=0.018, p=0.35). Noticeably, negative correlation was found between semen NAD+ concentrations and sperm quality parameters, including sperm concentration (r2=0.78 p<0.0001), sperm count (r2=0.47. p<0.0001.), mobile sperm number (r2=33. P<0.0001), and DFI (r2=0.35 p<0.0001). As for semen volume and mobility rate, these two parameters were not related to semen NAD+ concentration.ConclusionsUnlike decreased NAD+ levels in aged oocytes and ovarian tissue, semen NAD+ concentration is not age-dependent. Semen NAD+ level negatively correlates with sperm quality, suggesting the unique role of NAD+ in spermatogenesis, which warrants further study and opens opportunities for pharmaceutical interventions of oligospermia.
Heterochrony and Repurposing in the Evolution of Gymnosperm Seed Dispersal Units
Authors: Martin Juca A. B. San , Pozner Raúl Ernesto , Stilio Verónica S. Di
Published: October 2021

Background: Plant dispersal units, or diaspores, allow the colonization of new environments, expanding geographic range and promoting gene flow. Two broad categories of diaspores found in seed plants are dry and fleshy, in connection to abiotic and biotic dispersal agents, respectively. Our understanding of the anatomical and developmental genetics of fleshy angiosperm fruits is fairly advanced, yet there is a knowledge gap for the analogous fleshy structures found in gymnosperm diaspores. Improved understanding of the structural basis of modified accessory organs that aid in seed dispersal will not only inform the evolution of this important trait in specific lineages but will also enable future work on the underlying genetics, contributing to hypotheses on the origin of angiosperm fruits.To generate a structural framework for the development and evolution of gymnosperm fleshy diaspores, we studied the anatomy and histochemistry of Ephedra (Gnetales) seed cone bracts, the modified leaves surrounding the reproductive organs. We took an ontogenetic approach, comparing and contrasting the anatomy and histology of fleshy and papery-winged seed cone bracts in four closely related species in the South American clade, their pollen cone bracts, and leaves. Results: Seed bract fleshiness in Ephedra derives from mucilage accumulated in chlorenchyma cells, also found in their reduced young leaves before they reach their mature, dry stage. Cellulosic fibers, an infrequent cell type in gymnosperms, were found in leaves and most bracts where they presumably function as a source of supplementary apoplastic water in fleshy seed cone bracts. Papery bract development more closely resembles that of leaves, which lack mucilage in this species, with further extension of hyaline margins into “wings”.Conclusions: We propose an evolutionary developmental model whereby fleshy seed cone bracts result from a novel differentiation program repurposed from anatomical elements and compounds present in young leaves, whereas papery bracts derive from an extension of the mature leaf program. This model for the evolution of cone bract morphology in South American Ephedra hence involves changes in the timing of leaf differentiation, or heterochrony, that can further be tested in other gymnosperms with fleshy diaspores.
The Risk of HCC in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B is Increased by Concomitant Presence of MAFLD but not NAFLD
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Wang Mingfang , Wu Yinlian , Jiang Jiaji , Zhu Yueyong , Kumar Rahul , Lin Su
Published: October 2021

Background: Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are both independent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current literature suggests the concomitance of CHB and NAFLD do not increase the risk of HCC. The risk of HCC in patients with concomitant CHB and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is unclear. Methods: CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively recruited and followed up till March 2020. Cox hazard ratio analysis was used to investigate the risk of HCC.Results: A total of 529 patients were included. MAFLD was diagnosed in 184 (34.78%) and NAFLD in 250 (47.26%) patients. The median follow-up duration was 6.33 years. In the entire cohort, 9 (1.7%) patients developed HCC. The prevalence of MAFLD was significantly higher in HCC group than non-HCC group (77.8% vs. 34.04%, p=0.010), while of the prevalence of NAFLD was not statistically significant (46.73% vs. 77.78%, p=0.092). The presence of MAFLD (HR=6.434; 95%CI: 1.252-33.060) was an independent risk factor for HCC in CHB patients while NAFLD was not. Significantly higher rate of HCC was found in patients with metabolic conditions than those without (2.83% vs. 0.41%, P=0.043), but not in the comparison between steatosis and non-steatosis (2.77% vs. 0.72%, P=0.094). Conclusion: Presence of MAFLD is independently associated with the risk of HCC development in patients with CHB. Between MAFLD and NAFLD, MAFLD will serve these patients better for risk stratification as far as development of HCC is concerned.
Effects of The Prolong Life With Nine Turn Method (Yan Nian Jiu Zhuan) Qigong On Brain Functional Changes in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Terms of Fatigue and Quality of Life
Authors: Xie Fangfang , Cheng Ziji , Gu Yuanjia , Chen Ziying , Xie Chaoqun , Yao Fei , You Yanli
Published: October 2021

Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by persistent fatigue, which often leads to physical and psychological damage. The prolong life with nine turn method (PLWNT) Qigong is considered one of the complementary treatments for improving symptoms in patients with CFS. However, the neurophysiological relevance of these effects remains poorly understood. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the effects of PLWNT intervention on the neural circuits in subjects with CFS.Methods: Thirty four CFS patients were randomly divided into a PLWNT group (who received Qigong exercises) and a control group (who received cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT). Both groups were taught by a highly qualified professor at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine once a week and were supervised online during the remaining 6 days at home, over 12 consecutive weeks. We calculated the regional rs-fMRI index ALFF for all subjects. To study the changes of the brain network, we used the brain regions with significant differences in ALFF as the regions of interest for whole-brain FC analysis. The MFI-20 and SF-36 were used for clinical symptom assessment to explore the possible correlation between the rs-fMRI indicators and clinical variations.Results: The ALFF values of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and left median cingulate gyrus (DCG) were increased, whereas those of the left middle occipital gyrus (OG), right middle OG and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) were decreased in CFS patients. The FC values between the DCG and middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and those between the left OG and the right OG were enhanced. In addition, the SF-36 were positively with the left OG (r=0.542), SFG(r=0.517) and DCG(r=0.533), MFI-20 were negatively with the left OG (r=-0.583), SFG(r=-0.542) and DCG(r=-0.578). These results were all corrected by FWE (voxel level p < 0.001, cluster level p < 0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, PLWNT can relieve the fatigue symptoms of CFS patients and improve their quality of life. CFS patients have abnormal regional spontaneous neuronal activity and abnormal functional connections between regions after PLENT intervention. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Ethics Approval Number: 2018-043), and registered in the American Clinical Trial Registry (12/04/2018), Registration Number is NCT03496961.
Whole-exome Sequencing Analysis for Mutations Characteristics in Recurrent or Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Wang Lingquan , Xu Wei , Zhang Wenjing , Ni Zhentian , wang Xufeng , Mei Yu , Yan Chao , Li Chen , Xie Jing , Yan Min , Yang Liang , Zhu Zhenggang , Liu Wentao
Published: October 2021

Background: Surgical resection for the metastasis and recurrence of GIST was controversial. It is increasingly important to identify clinical factors related with survival and explore the driver genes and mutations in GIST.Methods: GIST patients who received two surgery for primary and recurrent and/or metastatic tumors between January 2003 and December 2018 were reviewed. Primary outcome was overall survival after reoperation. Kaplan-Meier , Cox proportional hazard regressions, and mean survival time were used to evaluate outcomes. Paired PT(primary tumor), RMT(recurrent and/or metastatic tumor) and normal DNA was whole- exome sequenced to generate comparable data for those specific 8 GIST cases. Results: We identified 39 eligible patients with a median overall survival time of 56.7 months(IQR:9.6-190.3months). Regular TKI(Imatinib) after primary tumor resection (HR:0.568; 95% confidence interval(CI):0.211-0.874; P=0.043) was associated with better OS, while presence of liver metastasis were prognostic for worse OS(HR:1.45; 95% CI:1.13-2.02;P=0.032) for those GIST patients who received re-surgery due to recurrent and/or metastatic tumor. Compared with normal tissue, we detected mutation on MUC family both in 8 PT and 7 RMT among the 8 patients. Only in irregular(TKI) group, the KIT mutations between PT and RMT contain correlations and differences, while its influence exist less on other cases. We also found that 31 genes which were direct correlation with coding regions may associated with RMT. We attained that the Spatial heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity of the tumor reflected on mutation signature and subclone.Conclusions: The MUC mutations were supposed to be a potential predict to recurrent and/or metastatic GIST. The treatment of TKI could influence the KIT mutations on RMT of GIST. As the heterogeneity exist in PT and RMT, the direction of tumor evolution and progression were not stable and regular.
Covid-19 Cases Surge in a Security Compromised Region of Cameroon
Authors: Njoh Andreas Ateke , Mboke Eric , Ndoula Shalom Tchokfe , Bachir Hassan Ben , Nembot Raoul , Chebo Cornelius , Saidu Yauba
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe emergence of more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants like the Delta has triggered a third wave of Covid-19 with increasing morbidity and mortality in many parts of the word. Here we report a surge in Covid-19 cases and deaths in the Northwest (NW) region of Cameroon, which has been plagued with low immunization coverage and an ongoing armed conflict.MethodA cross sectional study was carried out from August to September, 2021 and data on Covid-19 cases and vaccination coverage were reviewed from the data base of the Ministry of Health, while data on the security situation of the region was obtained from the district and regional health managers. Data were analyzed with MS excel and the results presented as trends and proportion.ResultsAs of 4th September, 2021 there was a total of 7,499 confirmed Covid-19 cases in the region. In Epidemiological week 34-35 (22-August to 04-September), 2021, there was a surge in Covid-19 cases in the NW. More than 70% of all covid-19 related deaths reported in the country was recorded in this region during epidemiologic week-35. Despite this high mortality, Covid-19 vaccine uptake remains very low in the region. Indeed, just 0.6% of the 962,036-target population have been fully immunized after 6 months of Covid-19 vaccine rollout. ConclusionThough the country’s epi curve does not suggest a third wave at this time, the NW is experiencing a steady Covid-19 case surge amid insecurity and the circulation of the Delta variant. There is therefore a need to strengthen disease prevention though vaccination and surveillance in this region.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Efficiently Improve Neurobehavioral Status and Alleviate Brain Injury in Hypoxia/Ischemia-Induced Cerebral Palsy Rat Model Via Down-Regulating the Nogoa/Ngr/Rho Pathway
Authors: Luo Yaoling , He Zhengyi , Zhang Minhong , Zou Zhengwei , Li Lincai , Qu Jiayang , Xu Qianqian , Ye Junsong
Published: October 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a brain injury disease, which is a global public health issue with an estimated prevalence of 2‰—4‰ and imposes a substantial health burden on many countries. At present, there is no ideal treatment available and most of them will still suffer adverse outcomes. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(HUCMSCs) application in many fields of medicine, which can promote nervous system regeneration and inhibit neuroinflammation. The regeneration of central nervous system(CNS) is related to the nervous regeneration inhibitors. NogoA/NgR/Rho pathway is very important to the nerve growth, CP injury is inevitably accompanied by the regeneration and repair of neurons and axons. so we hypothesized that NogoA/NgR/Rho pathway is involved in when using the HUCMSCs to treatment cerebral palsy.Purpose: In this study, we might clarify the NogoA/NgR/Rho pathway functional role in mediating HUCMSCs to improve neurobehavioral status and alleviate brain injury in hypoxia/ischemia-induced CP rat model.Methods: The CP rat model was established by ligating the left common carotid artery and anoxia for 2.5 h, and HUCMSCs were intravenous injected to the modeled rats. The neurobehavioral situation and brain pathological injury in CP rats were determined via a series of assays. The mRNA and protein expression of NogoA、NgR、RhoA、Rac-1、Cdc42 in brain tissue of rats in each group was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Results: The CP rats exhibited obvious motor function abnormalities, pathological damage and a lot of brain nerve cell apoptosis. Compared with CP+PBS group and CP group rats, HUCMSCs transplantation can significantly improve the neurobehavioral situation, attenuated brain pathological injury, inhibit apoptosis of brain nerve cells and the activation of astrocytes in CP rats. The expression of NogoA、NgR、RhoA relative mRNA and protein in brain tissues of rats in the CP+PBS group and CP group rats were significantly lower than those of in the sham+PBS and CP+HUCMSCs group. The expression of Rac-1、Cdc42 relative mRNA and protein in brain tissues of rats in the sham and CP+HUCMSCs group was significantly higher than those of in CP+PBS group and CP group rats. Conclusion: This study confirmed that HUCMSCs can efficiently improve neurobehavioral status and alleviate brain injury in hypoxia/ischemia-induced cerebral palsy rat model via down-regulating the NogoA/NgR/Rho pathway.
Prevalence and Associations of Asteroid Hyalosis: The Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Shao Lei , Dong Li , Zhou Wen Da , Zhang Rui , Wei Wen Bin
Published: October 2021

Background: To determine the prevalence and associations of asteroid hyalosis (AH) in a Chinese population-based cohort.Methods: The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.6 ± 9.8 years (range: 50-93 years). AH is a condition in which small yellow-white, spherical particles known as asteroid bodies (ABs) are present within the vitreous body.Results: Fundus photographs were gradable in 3419 subjects. AH was detected in 65 (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.7%, 1.2%) eyes of 53 (1.5%, 95% CI: 1.1%, 1.9%) subjects. AH was bilateral in 18.9%. Mean age of all subjects with AH was 69.2± 9.5 years (median, 71.0 years; range, 51–91 years), mean refractive error was 0.63±1.53D (median, 0.75 D; range, -4.12 to 4.00D). In multivariate analysis, prevalence of AH was associated with elder age (P=0.014, OR 1.057), thicker lens (P=0.034, OR 3.843), higher refractive error (P=0.016, OR 1.401).Conclusions: In adult Chinese in Beijing, the prevalence of AH was 0.9% for eyes or 1.5% for subjects. AH was associated with elder age, thicker lens and higher refractive error. It does not support previous observations of an association of AH with diabetes or other systemic indicators.
Delay in Decision to Seek Care on Institutional Delivery and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Gave Birth in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, 2020. A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tiruneh Gebrehiwot , Kassa Bekalu Getnet
Published: October 2021

Background: Delay to making decision to seeking care contributes to high maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Major factor that contribute to maternal death in developing countries is decision-making to seek care. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of delay in making decision to seeking care on institutional delivery among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar zone hospitals, Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September1-October30/2020 with 650 mothers were participated in this study using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview with pretested semi-structured questionnaires Bi-variable and multi-variable analyses conducted and the Odds ratio with 95% CI was estimated to identify factors of delay to making decision to seeking care. The statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.Results: Delay in making decision to seeking care on institutional delivery was found to be 36.3% (95%CI=32.6 to 40.1). The mean age of the respondents was 27.23 with a standard deviation of 5.67. Mothers who reside in rural area (AOR=3.14,95%, CI:2.40-4.01), uneducated mothers (AOR= 3.62, 95%, CI:2.45-5.52), unplanned of pregnancy (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.84-7.96), and no health facilities in Keble (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.43-6.32) were statistically associated with delay to making decision to seeking care.Conclusion: One in three delivered mothers had been delayed in making decision to seek care in South Gondar zone. Pregnant mothers living in the rural area, unplanned of pregnancy, uneducated mothers, no health facilities in Keble Therefore, strategies to identify determinants and reduced of delay in making decision to seek care.
Upregulated CCNE1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis, Tumor Immune Infiltration and Escape in Breast Cancer
Authors: Feng Jiaxi , Hu Yanan , Liu Dan , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Mengci , Wang Yan , Qiu Shipei , Li Xiang , Li Xinping
Published: October 2021

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women and widely known for its poor prognosis. More and more research has discovered that cyclin E1 (CCNE1) plays an important role in progression of various types of cancer. But its specific mechanism in BC progression still needs further research to explore.Methods At first, we determined the expression and prognostic value of CCNE1 through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data. Then, we predicted the upstream non-coding RNAs of CCNE1 through StarBase, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. We further studied the correlation of CCNE1 expression with BC immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells and immune checkpoints expression through TIMER and GEPIA databases.Results The results suggested that CCNE1 was significantly upregulated in BC and its high expression was correlated with poor prognosis in BC patients. Next, we identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00511 / microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p) / CCNE1 axis as the most potential pathway that could regulate CCNE1 expression in BC through StarBase, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Furthermore, our in-depth research discovered that CCNE1 expression level was significantly correlated with tumor immune cell inﬁltration, biomarkers of immune cells, and immune checkpoint expression in BC. conclusions In summary, high expression level of CCNE1 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis, tumor immune infiltration and escape in BC.
Ocean Bottom Electromagnetometer Carried From Bonin to Ryukyu Islands by Sea Currents
Authors: Tada Noriko , Nishikawa Haruka , Ichihara Hiroshi , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Kuwatani Tatsu
Published: October 2021

Ocean bottom electromagnetometers (OBEMs) installed on the seafloor around Nishinoshima Island (Bonin Islands) were missing after a December volcanic eruption. In February 2021, one was found on a beach on Iriomote Island (Ryukyu Islands), implying that it drifted westward for 1,700 km. The reason(s) for the disappearance of the OBEMs and the path followed by the recovered OBEM while drifting are important information for future ocean bottom observations and seafloor volcanology in general. We conducted particle drifting simulations with and without horizonal eddy diffusion to estimate the possible drift path and duration of the recovered OBEM. Our simulations show that particles transported from Nishinoshima have a 7-10 % probability of arriving at Iriomote Island, which is thus not a rare occurrence. Transport durations in our simulations varied widely between 140 and 602 days depending on the drift paths. The most likely drift duration in our simulation was 150 – 180 days, with or without eddy diffusion, corresponding to the release from the seafloor of the OBEM between 22 August and 21 September 2020. These dates follow shortly after intensifying eruptions at Nishinoshima, which may have affected the seafloor around the island. A similar drift duration and path was reported for pumices that erupted from Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba submarine volcano (northern Bonin Islands) during 18-21 January 1986 and arrived in the Ryukyu Islands in late May 1986. Such drifting simulations may prove useful for identifying the sources of drift pumices, and thus otherwise undetectable eruptions. Finally, the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba submarine volcano erupted on 13 August 2021, producing abundant pumice rafts that, based on our results, will likely arrive in the Ryukyu Islands in the coming months.
Salt intake reduction using umami substance-incorporated food in the United States
Authors: Nomura Shuhei , Tanaka Shiori , Eguchi Akifumi , Kawashima Takayuki , Yoneoka Daisuke , Tanoe Yuta , Adachi Megumi , Hayabuchi Hitomi , Koganemaru Shosei , Nishimura Toshihide , Sigel Byron , Uneyama Hisayuki , Shibuya Kenji
Published: October 2021

Background
Excessive salt intake has been linked to the development of several non-communicable diseases. Reducing the sodium content of foods is an important global public health activity to achieve salt reduction and health promotion. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of sodium substitution with umami substances on the reduction of daily salt intake among adults in the United States. The umami substances considered in this study were glutamate, inosinate, and guanilate.
Methods
Our analysis included 4,139 participants aged 20 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Four hypothetical scenarios (0%, 30%, 60%, and 90%) on the market share of umami substitute foods were developed. For several food groups, salt reduction rates due to substitution with umami substances were estimated based on previous studies. Daily salt intake corresponding to the NHANES food groups in each scenario was calculated for each participant, and the total daily salt intake was aggregated by gender and 10-year age groups.
Results
Without compromising the taste, substitution with umami substances can reduce the salt intake among adults in the United States by 5.51–10.54% at the population level, which is equivalent to 0.46–0.88g of salt reduction (women 5.69–10.56% and 0.41–0.76g; men 5.31–10.51% and 0.51–1.01g). Approximately 23.73–20.25% of adults could achieve the World Health Organization’s recommendation of 5g/day.
Conclusions
Our study provides essential information on the potential salt reduction from sodium replacement with alternatives in the United States. However, the reduced salt intake level still falls short of the WHO recommendation of 5g of salt intake per day.
GIS-Based Precise Predictive Model of Mountain Beacon Towers: A First Application to Bacon Sites in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Tan Lifeng , Wu Bei , Zhang Yukun , Zhao Shuaishuai
Published: October 2021

In ancient China, where was frequently troubled by invaders, the government set up many beacon towers for alerting and transmitting military information along the border and the coast. Many beacon sites still exist in some areas, which are generally located in dangerous places with high mountains and rough terrain, bringing great difficulties to archaeological discovery. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a predictive model applicable to the distribution of mountain beacon sites. Taking 68 beacon sites found in Wenzhou as research samples, this study uses the superimposed method of logistic regression and GIS viewshed analysis for the first time, forming a high-precision, scientific and operational predictive model for the distribution of beacon sites, which is verified by the cross-validation method. The results show that the beacon site predictive model simulated in this study can reduce the probability scope of site location by 90% compared with the traditional predictive model, which greatly improves the accuracy and ability of site prediction. At the same time, it can also be used to understand the relationship between the environment and known sites to assist in decision-making about conservation and management.
Irradiation-Induced Nasopharyngeal Necrosis in Newly Diagnosed Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated by Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: Clinical Characteristics and the Influence of Treatment Strategies
Authors: Xu Yi , Liu Yang , Wang Zekun , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Jianghu , Chen Xuesong , Wu Runye , Liu Qingfeng , Qu Yuan , Wang Kai , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Jingwei , Gao Li , Xu Guozhen , Zhang Ye , Yi Junlin
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To define the clinical characteristics of irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis (INN) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and identify the influence of treatment strategies on INN in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Patients and methods: From 2008 to 2019, NPC patients pathologically diagnosed with INN after primary IMRT were reviewed. Those patients were matched with propensity scores for patients without INN in our center. The impact of treatment strategies on INN occurrence was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence rate of INN was 1.9% among the primary NPC population, and 53 patients with INN were enrolled. Headache and foul odor were the main symptoms, and 71.7% of cases had pseudomembrane during or at the end of radiotherapy. All patients were in early or middle stage INN, and no one presented with skull-based osteoradionecrosis. Then 212 non-INN patients were included based on propensity scores match. Overall survival (p=0.248) and progression-free survival (p=0.266) curves were similar between the INN and non-INN groups. Treatment strategies including combining chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy with radiotherapy were not associated with INN occurrence, while boost dose (OR 7.360; 95% CI 2.301-23.547; P = 0.001) was a predictor factor for it. However, the optimal threshold for an accumulated dose to predict INN's occurrence was failed to determine.Conclusion: In the IMRT era, the severity of INN in primary NPC patients is lessened. This study showed that treatment strategies contributed little to develop INN, while the accumulated dose of radiation may relate to its occurrence.
Role of Exosome in Delivery of MicroRNA Into Cells As a Major Tool of Disease Resistance
Authors: Ray Rachayeeta , Bhattacharya Debalina , Karmakar Parimal
Published: October 2021

Exosomes are small-sized extracellular vesicles. Their size ranges from 30-150 nm and contains proteins, lipids, nucleic acids along other bioactive molecules. It is now also considered as communicating mediators between cells where their content varies with the microenvironment of the cells which may ultimately change numerous physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Because of their small size, safety, biocompatibility, biorecognition, high stability, target specificity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, the exosomes have recently gained attention as a potential nano delivery system. However, the focus of this review article is to cover the latest updates regarding the role of exosomal delivery of different micro RNAs which have an important role in disease control. Micro RNAs, which are of utmost importance as an exosomal cargo, has been reported to show both positive and negative impact on the cell it is targeted or delivered to.
Dynamics and Stability of Magnetic-air Hybrid Quasi-zero Stiffness Vibration Isolation System
Authors: Jiang Youliang , Song Chunsheng , Ma Xin , Wu Han , Mai Zhihui
Published: October 2021

With the improvement of machining accuracy, external low frequency vibration has become one of the most important factors affecting the performance of equipment. The theory of quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation shows favorable low frequency vibration isolation effect. Based on our previous research on the structure of magnetic-air hybrid quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation system, the nonlinear mechanical expression of positive and negative stiffness structure has been analyzed in this paper, to improve application of the system and provide a theoretical basis for sequential studies of active control. To analyze the judgement criterion of the quasi-zero stiffness, an accurate mechanical model was first established. Then, the dynamical model based on external low frequency vibration was developed, to investigate the stability and natural frequency and deduce the amplitude frequency characteristics and displacement transfer rate. Finally, we carried out simulation and experimental analysis to verify the stiffness of high static and low dynamic and the low frequency vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolation system.
Fibrinogen Function Indexs, Potential Biomarkers, are Closely Connected to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Zhuang Yong , Lin Xiahong , Chen Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaohong , Zhang Jinying
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Research suggested that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was related to plasma fibrinogen (Fib) concentration, while there was no research on the correlation with fibrinogen function. In this study, two indexes reflecting the function of plasma fibrinogen, k value and angle α, were used to analyze its correlation with DPN, and to explore the possibility of using them as biological indicators for diagnosing DPN.Subjects and methods: This study is a prospective observational clinical study. About 561 T2DM patients were enrolled and divided into the diabetes with symptomatic neuropathy group (161 cases), the diabetes with asymptomatic neuropathy group (132 cases) and the diabetes with no neuropathy group (268 cases). Meanwhile, 160 healthy unrelated subjects were recruited as control group. The levels of k value and angle α were detected.Results: The Fib levels increased slightly in diabetic subjects with neuropathy compared with those without. The angle α levels increased slightly in diabetic with asymptomatic neuropathy subjects compared with diabetes with no neuropathy subjects, and the levels increased greatly in diabetic subjects with symptomatic neuropathy compared with those without. The k value levels declined slightly in diabetic with asymptomatic neuropathy subjects compared with diabetes with no neuropathy subjects, and the levels declined greatly in diabetic subjects with symptomatic neuropathy compared with those without. The association of k value and angle α with diabetic neuropathy was independent of the hyperglycemic state (HbA1c, duration) and other potential confounders affecting k value and angle α levels (e.g., age, Fib, vitamin B12 and renal status) (odds ratio 0.080 [0.051–0.124], P= 0.001; odds ratio 1.131 [1.063–1.204], P= 0.001). In addition, k value and angle α levels were closely correlated to the stages of neuropathy (r= -0.686, P = 0.000; r= 0.314, P = 0.000). Meanwhile, the optimal cutoff point for k value levels to distinguish patients with diabetic neuropathy from those without was 1.8min, with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 83.2% (AUC= 0.873). The optimal cutoff point for angle α levels was 60deg, with a sensitivity of 41.0% and a specificity of 95.6% (AUC= 0.669).Conclusions: The levels of k value and angle α are closely associated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes. The levels of k value and angle α may be helpful for early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.