bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the risk for angle closure as defined by the Shaffer System Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: A Simple Approach
Authors: Samaha Dan , Gagné Sébastien , Corbeil Marie-Eve , Forcier Pierre
Published: August 2020

Purpose: To propose a simple non-invasive method for screening patients at risk for angle closure using anterior segment OCT. Methods: Scans of nasal and temporal iridocorneal angles in glaucoma suspect patients were performed using OCT. Upon identifying Schwalbe’s line, the integrated caliper tool was used to draw a line to the nearest point of the iris to produce a measure ‘S-I’. Gonioscopy was performed and angles graded according to Shaffer’s classification to assess the correlation between both methods. Results: Thirty-four images were available for analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients between S-I anf gonioscopy grades were 0.81 for nasal and 0.77 for temporal quadrants respectively. Intraobserver ICC calculations demonstrated excellent reproducibility (0.98 and 0.99 for nasal and temporal angles) and excellent interobserver correlation (0.94 and 0.93). The diagnostic cutoff value of S-I for occludable angles was established at 330mm.

Conclusion: S-I measurement strongly correlates with gonioscopy and may be a suitable alternative for evaluating risk for angle closure.
2020 CAO Clinical Practice Guideline: Optometric Low Vision Rehabilitation Executive Summary
Authors: Leat Susan
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the Low Vision Clinical Practice Guideline is to assist Canadian Optometrists in the provision of the best rehabilitative care for patients with low vision. The guideline is based on current available best evidence, interpreted by an expert panel. The writing group includes optometrists from academia and private practice, representing various regions across Canada. The guideline will aid optometrists to identify patients who require low vision rehabilitation and recommends appropriate assessment and management.
Prévoir le risque de fermeture de l’angle tel que défini par la classification de Shaffer à l’aide de la tomographie par cohérence optique du segment antérieur : Une approche simple
Authors: Samaha Dan , Gagné Sébastien , Corbeil Marie-Eve , Forcier Pierre
Published: August 2020

Objectif: Proposer une méthode non invasive simple pour le dépistage des patients à risque de fermeture de l’angle en utilisant l’imagerie du segment antérieur à l’aide de la TCO.

Méthodes: Des examens radiologiques des angles irido-cornéens en nasal et en temporal ont été réalisés au moyen de la TCO chez des patients référés pour suspicion de glaucome. Après l’identification de la ligne de Schwalbe, une droite fut tracée jusqu’au point de l’iris le plus rapproché (S-I) à l’aide de l’outil de compas intégré de l’appareil. Une gonioscopie a été effectuée et la méthode de Shaffer a été utilisée pour grader l’ouverture de l’angle afin d’évaluer la corrélation entre les deux méthodes.

Résultats: Trente-quatre images étaient disponibles pour analyse. Les coefficients de corrélation de Spearman entre les mesures S-I et les grades de Shaffer se sont établis à 0,81 et 0,77 pour les quadrants nasal et temporal respectivement. Les calculs intra-observateur des coefficients de corrélation intraclasse avaient une excellente reproductibilité (0,98 et 0,99 pour les angles en nasal et en temporal) et on a observé une excellente corrélation inter-observateur (0,94 et 0,93). La valeur diagnostique S-I pour les angles à risque de fermeture a été provisoirement établie à 330 mm.

Conclusion: La mesure S-I corrèle fortement avec les résultats de la gonioscopie et pourrait être une solution de rechange appropriée pour évaluer le risque de fermeture de l’angle.
Causes systémiques de la chimiose conjonctivale : série de cas
Authors: Roncone David P. , Anthony Scott A.
Published: August 2020

La chimiose conjonctivale est une affection ophtalmique couramment observée qui présente divers degrés de gravité et un large éventail de symptômes, de signes et d’étiologies sous-jacentes. Bien que la plupart des cas soient de nature oculaire (allergie, infection, irritation), les manifestations atypiques comme la teinte empourprée de la conjonctive, les veines conjonctivales en tire-bouchon et l’œdème périorbital devraient inciter à chercher une cause systémique. Lorsque la chimiose est atypique, l’examen des antécédents médicaux et des médicaments du patient, l’examen physique du cœur et l’examen thoracique ainsi que la prise des signes vitaux (tension artérielle, pouls, poids) sont essentiels à l’identification de la source systémique potentielle. Cet article passe en revue les causes systémiques de la chimiose conjonctivale et présente des exemples de cas qui démontrent les techniques d’évaluation et de prise en charge permettant aux optométristes d’établir une distinction entre la chimiose conjonctivale oculaire et la chimiose conjonctivale systémique.
The Impact of Political Scandals on Trust in State Institutions: Lithuanian Case Analysis
Authors: Patkauskaitė-Tiuchtienė Inga
Published: August 2020

This article raises the question of whether the political scandals that take place in Lithuania have an effect on public trust in Lithuania’s state institutions and, if so, what kind of an effect can be perceived. The following institutions of the Republic of Lithuania were selected for analysis: the Government, the Parliament, the Institution of the President, the Special Investigation Service, and the State Security Department. The analysis covers the 2004–2016 years (inclusive) period. The links between political scandals and trust in state institutions are analyzed based on an institutional approach to changes in governmental trust, as well as a non-functional approach to political scandals and the results of empirical studies analyzing political scandals and their relation to governmental trust. In order to determine links between political scandals and trust in state institutions, a dynamic linear regression with time series data was performed. The analysis suggests that political scandals that took place in Lithuania during the period of 2004–2016 had a substantial impact on changes in public trust in state institutions. In the case of all institutions, a negative short-term impact of political scandals on trust in these institutions has been identified. The results of the analysis also reveal that the extent of the negative impact of political scandals may depend on the level of intensity of the escalation of political scandals in the media and the type of political scandal.
eHealth and Telemedicine in India: An Overview on the Health Care Need of the People
Authors:   CSIR-National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS), New Delhi-110012, India, Kustwar Raj Kishor , Ray Suman ,   cademy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
Published: August 2020

We have reached far ahead today when it comes to the telemedicine technology which was first installed in Boston in 1967 that made a regular interaction between physicians and patients at distant locations. Being a developing and lower-middle income country, currently India faces shortage of doctors, nurses & midwives, and healthcare infrastructure. Around 70% of Indian population lives in remote and rural villages lacking access to basic healthcare facilities. In such situations telemedicine plays a great role in providing quality and affordable healthcare to India’s poorest people, and is expected to bridge the rural-urban health divide. Whether telemedicine technology meets its objective to provide adequate healthcare services to the poor remote and rural population is matter of great concern. This article aims to provide an overview on this issue.
Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A View From the UK
Authors: Ding Wern Yew ,   Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK, Gupta Dhiraj ,   Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Published: August 2020

AF is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, which is usually managed with oral anticoagulation therapy. However, despite a broad range of anticoagulant options and improved uptake in anticoagulation over the past decade, there are some limitations to this approach. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion has been shown to be an effective alternative in this setting, and population data suggest a clear demand for this procedure. Over the past decade, several important changes to the commissioning and delivery of this service have occurred in the UK. In this article, the authors describe the use of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion in the UK and discuss the challenges that lie ahead.
The Impact of Ethnicity on Cardiac Adaptation
Authors: Ozo Uchenna , Sharma Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Regular intensive exercise is associated with a plethora of electrical, structural and functional adaptations within the heart to promote a prolonged and sustained increase in cardiac output. Bradycardia, increased cardiac dimensions, enhanced ventricular filling, augmentation of stroke volume and high peak oxygen consumption are recognised features of the athlete’s heart. The type and magnitude of these adaptations to physical exercise are governed by age, sex, ethnicity, sporting discipline and intensity of sport. Some athletes, particularly those of African or Afro-Caribbean (black) origin reveal changes that overlap with diseases implicated in sudden cardiac death. In such instances, erroneous interpretation has potentially serious consequences ranging from unfair disqualification to false reassurance. This article focuses on ethnic variation in the physiological cardiac adaption to exercise.
Análisis y clasificación regional de la siniestralidad laboral en la industria de la construcción civil brasileña
Authors: Hernández Díaz Juan Ludwing , Neves-Dos Santos João Alberto
Published: August 2020

Anualmente en el territorio brasileño, por causa del trabajo en la industria de la construcción, acontecen miles de siniestros laborales, que dejan como resultado fuertes afectaciones sociales y gasto de millones de dólares en beneficios accidentarios. Con fundamento en estas informaciones, se torna relevante analizar el comportamiento del país frente a la accidentalidad laboral en dicha industria. Por lo tanto, este artículo presenta como resultados principales, un análisis y un ranking de la siniestralidad laboral en el sector construcción en las regiones brasileñas, a partir de datos obtenidos de fuentes estadísticas oficiales, para el periodo 2010-2016, donde se destaca una reducción generalizada en los índices accidentalidad del país. Este estudio se llevó a cabo mediante investigaciones cuantitativas, observaciones estadísticas, determinación de correlaciones y uso de los métodos multicriterio AHP y TOPSIS, pretendiendo brindar especialmente a profesionales del sector y a las autoridades nacionales, una visión clara de la problemática.
In-Block Lateralization as a New Technique for Mobilization of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve: A Technique Case Series
Authors: Tomazi Marcos Augusto , da Silveira Gerzson Alexandre , Neto Angelo Menuci , da Costa André Luciano Pasinato
Published: August 2020

The edentulous atrophic posterior mandible is often a great challenge for implant rehabilitation. Although a number of treatment options have been proposed, including the use of short implants and surgical grafting techniques, in cases of severe bone atrophy, techniques for mobilization of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) have been shown to be efficient, with good results. Four female patients underwent IAN lateralization for prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior mandible from 2013 to 2019, with 3 years to 5 years and 3 months of follow-up. This case series describes a new technique for mobilization of the IAN, named in-block lateralization, to facilitate access to the IAN and to reduce nerve manipulation. The implant is immediately installed (allowing nerve lateralization in unitary spaces), and the original mandibular anatomy is restored with autogenous bone from the original bed during the same surgical procedure. When well indicated and well performed, this new approach provides better and easier visualization of the IAN and safer manipulation aiming to achieve good results for implant stability and minimal risk of neurosensory disturbances, allowing rehabilitation even in unitary spaces.
Features of the Criminal Identity in Acts of Extremism
Authors: Yakovleva Olga
Published: August 2020

Introduction: the problem of studying the identity of a criminal has always been the focus of criminology, criminal law, criminal procedure, criminalistics and other legal sciences. The criminal identity has individual distinctive features and qualities. The aim of the work is to identify, analyze and evaluate the characteristics of individuals in extremist crimes, and fix them for further use in the law enforcement practice. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which, first of all, we should mention the methods of system analysis and synthesis. Results: the paper presents a criminological analysis of the criminal identity in acts of extremism. The classification of persons who commit crimes of this group of crimes is determined. The necessity of a comprehensive approach in the development of the state policy in the field of prevention of extremist crime is emphasized. Conclusions: persons who commit crimes of extremism can be divided into several categories: 1) gang delinquents and violent protesters; 2) individuals with religious ideas who are perpetrators of crimes of extremism; 3) persons who provide assistance (including organizational and sponsorship) to the extremist communities and groups, as well as attract extremist criminals for their power purposes.
On the Issue of the Legal Nature of Investments
Authors: Shpinev Yury
Published: August 2020

Introduction: despite the need to create a favorable investment climate, the legal regulation of investment in this country has a number of significant drawbacks. The quality of the legislative regulation of investment relations depends on an objective and deep understanding of the legal nature of investments. In this connection, the author aims to study various approaches to determining the legal nature of investments. Methods: the methodological framework for the research was formed by the methods of formal logic, as well as the specific scientific methods: technical-legal and historical-genetic. Results: the author’s position is based on the current legislation and opinions of the legal scholars on the legal nature of investments. Based on the analysis of the existing laws, the problem of defining investments in these acts and legal science is pointed out. Various approaches to the concept of the “legal nature” category are considered, as well as the opinions on the legal nature of investments and investment contracts. The author’s definition of the category “legal nature” is proposed. Conclusions: as a result, it is concluded that in order to establish a single legal and scientific definition of investments, it is necessary to establish their legal nature, which, in turn, requires studying and describing the primary properties of investments at the time of the origin of this category in the framework of the economic science.
Electronic Money: the Problem of Determining the Place in the System of Objects of Civil Rights
Authors: Vavilova Ekaterina
Published: August 2020

Introduction: with the development of the digital economy, the sphere of non-cash payments reaches its peak value. This legal institution is particularly important in connection with the goal set in Russia’s strategic documents to improve the quality of non-cash payments and bring them to a new, technologically advanced level. The good legal regulation of certain legal issues in this regard is one of the most urgent tasks of the modern state. In this regard, the author aims to study an important element of the system of non-cash payments –electronic money – and determine its place in the civil rights system. Methods: the methodological framework for this research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the comparative legal method, as well as the methods of systematicity and analysis. Results: the author’s well-founded position is based on the analysis of the legislation and opinions of the scientists expressed in the competent scientific community on the issue of recognizing electronic money as an object of civil rights and, accordingly, assigning it to a certain category of objects named in Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Conclusions: the study proved that the lack of full understanding of the legal nature of electronic money was connected with the unresolved issue of its belonging to the objects of civil rights, in whose connection it substantiated the belonging of electronic money to the rights of obligation to claim to be included in Article 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as an object of civil rights.
Interim Measures in the Civil Proceedings in England: the Concept and Certain Types
Authors: Koncheva Valentina
Published: August 2020

Introduction: the legal institutions aimed at creating conditions for the efficiency of justice are now the subject of attention in the field of civil proceedings. This includes the institution of interim measures. The legal regulation of interim measures in the civil proceedings in England has been actively developing for several decades and today is of considerable interest to business, science and legal practice. The purpose of the research is to analyze the concept and features of the legal regulation of the main types of interim measures that can be of interest for forming the ideas about the possibilities of development of the Russian civil process. The obtained research results are based on the analysis of the normative provisions of Civil Procedure Rules 1998, the Senior Courts Act 1981, relating to the powers of the courts, the grounds and procedure for applying interim measures in the civil proceedings. The examples of judicial practice and the opinions of the researchers and practitioners are considered. The paper considers the general features of the legal institutions of interim measures in England and Russia and the peculiarities of understanding the legal possibilities of interim measures in the civil proceedings in England. Conclusions: the experience of England in solving the issues of ensuring the efficiency of civil remedies is of interest for both Russian legal science and practice. The study shows that there are specific features of the approach to the functioning of interim measures. This includes a fairly large amount of judicial discretion, a preliminary guarantee of compensation for the defendant’s losses, and mostly voluntary enforcement of the court requirements. The legal experience of England may be of interest for discussing the ways to improve the domestic procedural regulation of interim measures.
The Integration of the State and Civil Society Activities to Prevent Youth Extremism in the Context of Legal Socialization
Authors: Solovyova Natalia , Fantrov Pavel
Published: August 2020

Introduction: the involvement of the citizens’ associations in solving the problems of preventing extremism among young people should become an important trend in the development of partnership relations between the state and civil society. In the context of the problematics, the issues related to increasing the level of legal socialization of Russian youth are of no small importance. The purpose of the study: to characterize the activities of the state and citizens’ associations to prevent extremism among young people in the context of legal socialization. The research objectives: to assess the joint activities of the state and civil institutions engaged in the prevention of extremism among young people in the context of legal socialization; to identify the problems of legal socialization of Russian youth and suggest the ways to solve them; to justify the productivity of network crowdsourcing technologies in the joint activities of the state and civil society in the context of prevention of youth extremism. The methodological framework for this research is represented by a system of methods of scientific knowledge, which should include: general scientific, systemic, institutional and sociological methods. Results: in order to combat the manifestations of extremism among young people and successfully socialize young citizens, a complex systematic work of the state and civil society is necessary, which objectively requires the implementation of certain technologies, such as network crowdsourcing. In the paper, when determining the efficiency of this technology, the projects “Cyberdruzhina”, “MediaGuard” and “STOPTERROR” were evaluated. Conclusions: it is revealed that the network crowdsourcing technologies act as an optimal mechanism for supporting the system of prevention of youth extremism. Their widespread introduction into the Russian social space can “socialize” the system of preventing extremism among young people, provided that its most important subjects are not only the state structures, but also the constructive associations of citizens.
Diagnostics and Soil Forming Characteristics of Alluvial-Meadow Soils of Ganykh-Ayrichay Valley, Azerbaijan
Authors: Gasanov Vilayat , Ismailov Bahadur
Published: August 2020

This study is devoted to the influence of ecological conditions on soil forming and improving the nomenclature of alluvial-meadow-forest soils in the flood plains of the subtropical forest-shrubby zone within Azerbaijan. On the basis of detailed soil mapping, the primary areal of soil units and the structure of soil cover were determined in the area of the Ganykh-Ayrichay valley. The spatial distribution of primary soil units, genetic features and diagnostic indexes (extend of bedding and development of the soil profile, thickness of the decomposedaccumulative layer, content of humus, total nitrogen, base saturation, particle size distribution, etc.) of stratified and typical suborders of alluvial-meadow-forest soils are identified. The turbidity and content of the weighted deposits of stream water is determined using regime-measurements. The weighted deposits contain a considerable amount of humus (1.2–1.8%) and its water soluble part, total nitrogen (0.09–0.13%) which significantly affects the morphogenetic diagnostics of the above described soils. The status of the humus content is characterized by a high activity, in which humic acid (15.3–20.8%) and fulvic acid (16.2–22.5%) dominate significantly, while the third fraction riches to 1.23–2.30% in the selective-group content. The ratio of Ch.a.:Cf.a. reaches to 0.88–0.93 in the leached soil profile (5.8–6.0), while reaching to 1.19–1.32 in carbonated soils (7.3–7.5). The total chemical composition of soils shows that the profile of leached soil is characterized by increasing the SiO2 (60.2–64.0%) content and sesquioxides (Al2O3=17.6–19.5%, Fe2O3=8.5–10.3%) and the carbonated suborders contain more CaO (7.1–9.2%). The active form of iron (Fe3+=182–496; Fe2+=56–123 mg 100 g soil) hints the insufficiency content in carbonated soils.
ABSTRACTS OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE CONFERENCE “2ND ALL-RUSSIAN PEDIATRIC FORUM FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG SCIENTISTS WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION”, MAY 13-14, 2020, MOSCOW
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2020

The forum organizing committee presents students and young scientists researches approved by scientific commission (which includes academic staff from departments of N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health in Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University).
Coating seeds with fertilizer: A promising technique for forage crop seeds
Authors: Baroni Danilo Força , Vieira Henrique Duarte
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Fertilization is not a common management practice at pasture establishment in Brazil. Seed coating technology can be a useful approach to ensure the availability of nutrients to plants during the early stages of development. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the incorporation of liquid fertilizer in seeds of Stylosanthes and to evaluate the effect of this technology on seed quality. Mastermins® fertilizer was applied to the last layer of the binder material coating on the seed and Polyseed 76F polymer adhesive was thereafter applied onto the fertilizer. Physiological and biometric analyses of the seeds were carried out. Six fertilizer doses (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mL.100 g seeds-1) were tested, with and without adhesive. The control group comprised of uncoated seeds. The method provided a significant increase in the concentration of mineral nutrients supplemented to the seeds, and the use of the adhesive polymer further increased the concentration of minerals. The liquid fertilizer had no effect on seed emergence and emergence speed but influenced germination and germination speed. The results also showed that fertilizer doses higher than 10 mL.100 g seeds-1 did not provide higher dry mass accumulation in Campo Grande Stylosanthes.
Educação Nutricional: uma Lacuna na Formação Médica
Authors: Villacorta Denise Bitar Vasconcelos , Barros Charles Alberto Villacorta de , Macedo Bernardo Felipe Santana de , Caldato Milena Coelho Fernandes
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Introduction: The role of nutrition in medicine has changed from a passive function, from an adjuvant therapy, to a proactive and sophisticated therapy that prevents various health problems and changes the natural history of the disease. Recent studies show up that medical education does not sufficiently and efficiently address the patient’s nutritional aspects, thus training physicians who are not confident in providing nutritional care to their patients. This study aimed to analyze and describe scientific studies that have evaluated nutrition education in medical schools, seeking within this context to find nutrition topics important for undergraduate medical education. Methods: This research was conducted through a cross-sectional, descriptive, scoping review after searching for synonyms using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) and DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors) tools. Results: We initially found 1.057 publications that underwent sequential screening until reaching a total of 16 articles, which achieved the scope of this research. Most articles are from the United States of America (50%), assessed a total of 860 medical students and 243 medical schools using different approaches regarding the teaching of nutrition. Final considerations: In this review, we have shown that despite several studies ratifying the well-established association between nutrition and prevention/treatment of diseases that require outpatient care, or at the hospital level, nutrition education in undergraduate medical school has not accompanied this evidence and, for many years, the subject has been underestimated. In Brazil, no studies were found on this topic with the used descriptors.
Agreeing with moral disengagement statements: an experimental study with young adults
Authors: RUSSO Guilherme Azzi , AZZI Roberta Gurgel , LIMA JÚNIOR Elias José de , CORRÊA Warley Guilger
Published: August 2020

Abstract How do individuals react to statements that condone acts of corruption and violence? This article contributes to the understanding of how people respond to discourses related to antisocial practices by examining how (1) information about the person who made the statement, and (2) the use of additional information as justification for the antisocial statement affect individuals’ agreement with this type of discourse. Relying on moral disengagement theory, we present an experimental study conducted with 487 high school students that assesses the level of agreement with statements made by Brazilian politicians that illustrate different mechanisms of moral disengagement. While overall results indicate low levels of agreement with these statements, comparisons across experimental groups suggest that providing case-based arguments as justification increases agreement with statements in favor of violence but reduces agreement with statements that condone acts of corruption.
Insecticide selectivity to Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) under extended laboratory conditions
Authors: Sanomia Willian Yoshio , Pereira Fabricio Fagundes , Silva Ivana Fernandes da
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Bioassays to evaluate the selectivity of pesticides to beneficial organisms are important tools to discriminate products compatible with biological pest control programs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the main insecticides used in the soybean crop on the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The tested treatments (active ingredients) were: methomyl, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid, novaluron and teflubenzuron, in the highest doses indicated by the manufacturer for the soybean crop, and a control treatment (water). The evaluations enabled to calculate the mortality and parasitism capacity of adults exposed to the pesticides, in addition to the sex ratio of their descendants. Methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam were classified as Class 4 (harmful), beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid as Class 3 (moderately harmful), and novaluron and teflubenzuron as Class 1 (harmless). The products classified as Class 3 and Class 4 should, as much as possible, be replaced by insecticides selective to O. submetallicus.
An alternative method in triaxial tests to obtain cross-anisotropic elastic parameters
Authors: Nishimura Satoshi , Magalona Fernnie
Published: August 2020

A new, alternative approach in a triaxial set-up to fully determine small-strain cross-anisotropic elastic parameters is proposed, which requires neither radial strain sensors nor a radial loading process. This was made possible by additionally measuring pore water pressure responses during undrained axial loading, and inputting them into theoretical expressions derived based on cross-anisotropic elasticity theory. Although the method is intended for saturated soils, slight undersaturation in the system is accounted for by incorporating the pore water pressure coefficient B into the parameter deduction process. Being free from the cumbersome radial sensors and ultra-precise cell pressure controlling devices/operations, the proposed method is applicable even in less specialised laboratories. Four different deduction routes of elastic parameters were applied to results from tests on two reconstituted fine-grained soils. The horizontal Young's modulus obtained with the newly proposed method is consistent not only with those based on radial measurements, but also with those directly measured by axial loading on horizontally cut specimens. A challenge is still open for precisely determining Poisson's ratios, which exhibited only partial matching between different measurement methods. Overall, however, the proposed method is consistent with those adopting full local instrumentation.
Features of gold cementation in percolation mode by electrolytic zinc powders
Authors: Naumov K. D. , Lobanov V. G.
Published: August 2020

The study covers physicochemical features of dendritic zinc powders and their effect on gold cementation from cyanide solutions. Three zinc powders were obtained in a laboratory environment by electroextraction at different conditions, and these powders featured various particle size and specific surface area. The properties of zinc powders obtained and powder currently used for gold cementation were evaluated using SEM (Jeol JSM-6390LA), BET (Gemini VII 2390) and laser diffraction (Sympatec HELOS & RODOS) methods. It is shown that electrolytic powders have high specific surface area (1.3–2.6 times more) and a low bulk density (3.1–3.8 times less), relative to zinc powder currently used for gold cementation. It was found that due to specific physical properties electrolytic powders have low hydraulic resistance, which eliminates the need for inert additives introduced during cementation, increases unit capacity and reduces the load on equipment. Inert additives elimination will additionally increase the gold content in the resulting product. The dendritic morfology of zinc powders obtained compensates high particle size resulting in the high efficiency of gold precipitation. At the long cementation cycle the effective gold deposition area (with gold extraction of more than 97 %) turned out to be shorter for electrolytic powder compared to fine powder currently used. However, in practice, the cementation cycle is always limited by fine powder throughput and it is not possible to achieve the full zinc potential. The resulting cementation product usually contains 25–35 % of unused zinc. These studies show the effectiveness of using electrolytic zinc powder for gold cementation from cyanide solutions.
Effect of copper-nickel matte ingot cooling time on its floatation separation selectivity indicators
Authors: Indeykin I. A. , Starykh R. V. , Salimzhanova E. V. , Fomichev V. B. , Krupnov L. V.
Published: August 2020

A criterion used to evaluate the efficiency of converter matte foam separation into nickel and copper concentrates is a selectivity index based on the total recoveries of metals into target concentrates that in turn defines their cumulative impurities (secondary metals) content. In addition to various factors (meeting density and reagent flow charts, comminution parameters, etc.), the time of preceding cooling of ingots is also known to have a substantial effect on the process of converter matte separation at commercial scale. Laboratory studies on selective separation were made to evaluate the influence of converter matte crystallization conditions at constant comminution and floatation parameters. Commercial converter matte ingots produced at different cooling rates were ground and floated in the closed circuit under laboratory conditions according to the existing floatation flowsheet. The lab studies allowed to exclude the multifactor nature of the system and to examine the commercial converter separation process only from the viewpoint of converter matte melt cooling rate since the other factors were kept constant during the laboratory tests. The temperature field in the body of the converter matte ingot was measured during its cooling in the conditions of the current production – this is reflected in the chemical and phase composition of various ingot sections. The temperature of the ingot, due to its massiveness, varies considerably throughout the material volume. A small change in the ingot surface temperature can be accompanied by significant changes in the temperature in its body. The measurement results showed that the temperature gradient from the center to the periphery of the ingot exceeds400 °C. In this regard, reducing the time of converter matte cooling can lead to significant violations of the cooling mode in the central zones of the ingot. In accordance with the optical mineralogical analysis of samples, the longer was the ingot cooling time, the higher was its decrystallization implying the formation of coarse-particle structures of copper and nickel sulfides with sharp interface boundaries. The chemical analysis revealed that the highest possible selectivity index of converter matte copper and nickel separation with resulting copper and nickel sulfide concentrates, respectively, is reached after 72 h of cooling for converter matte ingots from the smelting shop of the Nadezhdinsky Metallurgical Plant.
Magnetic structure of Co–25%Sm sintered magnets after electrical discharge machining
Authors: Slinkin I. V. , Chikova O. A.
Published: August 2020

Scanning electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy were used to conduct the metallographic study of the surface microstructure of KS25 grade Co–25%Sm sintered rare-earth magnets after Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). The chemical composition of the studied samples: Sm – 25 wt.%; Fe – 18 wt.%; Cu – 5 wt.%; Zr – 3 wt.%; Co – the rest. One of the sample surfaces was subjected to EDM in various ways with changes in such EDM parameters as the straight-line processing speed and offset. The microstructure of magnets contains four coexisting phases: SmCo5, Sm2Co17, Zr5Co3FeSm and Sm2O3. The grain size is 10–50 μm. Crystals of the Zr5Co3FeSm intermetallic compound are 1–5 μm in size, and globular inclusions of Sm2O3 samarium oxide are 2–10 μm. EDM affected the thickness and chemical composition of the defective layer. In general, the chemical composition varies slightly in the direction from the defective layer inward the sample: the content of Sm, Cu, O, and Zr decreases; the content of Fe and Co increases. At a distance of 500 μm from the defective layer inwards the sample, the grain size increases by 40–50 %, while the porosity decreases. At the same time, the size of Sm2O3 oxides slightly increases. The study of the magnetic structure on surfaces perpendicular to the axis of magnetization by means of magnetic force microscopy revealed the presence of a complex domain structure of grains in the form of a labyrinth with a domain size of ~3÷5 μm. Separate singledomain grains ~30÷50 μm in size were also found. Due to the material heating and oxidation, EDM promotes the domain structure of grains appearing in the form of a labyrinth instead of single-domain grains, and the SmCo5 → Sm2Co17 phase transition, which causes a decrease in coercive force.
Two-stage hydrochloric leaching of oxidized nickel ore of the Serovsky deposit
Authors: Kolmachikhina O. B. , Makovskaya O. Yu. , Lobanov V. G. , Polygalov S. E.
Published: August 2020

Significant reserves of oxidized nickel ores are concentrated in the Ural region, in the deposits of various sizes that are mined by open-pit method. Ore is rather loose, which makes the cost of production relatively low. At the same time, the technologies employed at Ural nickel plants fail to meet the energy conservation requirements, and they are environmentally unfriendly and unprofitable. The paper proposes a two-stage hydrometallurgical technology for processing oxidized nickel ores from the Serovsky deposit. The composition of investigated ore is, wt.%: 1.01 Ni, 0.031 Co, 15.32 Fetotal, 8.51 Al2O3, 21.76 MgO, 43.97 SiO2. The phase composition of the sample was determined by powder diffraction on the XRD-7000 X-ray diffractometer (Shimadzu, Japan). Serpentine Mg6[Ni, Si4O10](OH)8 and nimite (Ni, Mg, Al)6(Si, Al)4О10(OH)8 were identified as the main nickel-containing minerals. Nickel enters the crystal lattice of silicates and replaces magnesium and iron isomorphically, which significantly complicates the disintegration of such minerals by the hydrometallurgical method. The paper provides the results of laboratory studies into atmospheric ore leaching with hydrochloric acid at the first stage and autoclave leaching of the obtained slurry at the second stage depending on temperature, leaching time and acid consumption. The total (in two stages) extraction into the solution was, wt.%: 82 Ni, 73.6 Co, 22 Fe, 22 Mg, 50.4 Al. Hydrochloric acid is almost completely consumed under these conditions with residual acid concentration of about 3 g/dm3. The autoclave slurry has good filterability. Cake composition after autoclave leaching is as follows, wt.%: 0.35 Ni, 0.01 Co, 12 Fetotal, 10.63 Mg, 1.2 Al, 55 SiO2.
Kinetic features of gold cementation using dendritic zinc powders
Authors: Naumov K. D. , Lobanov V. G. , Kolmachikhina E. B.
Published: August 2020

The study covers kinetic features of gold cementation from cyanide solutions using two zinc powders of various origins. The first one was obtained by distillation and is currently applied in gold cementation from cyanide solutions (traditional powder). The second one was obtained by electrochemical reduction from the alkaline solution (experimental, electrolytic powder). The main distinguishing feature of these cementation powders is their specific surface area. This indicator for the electrolytic powder is 2.6 times higher than for the traditional one (3.02 m2/g and 1.16 m2/g, respectively) due to its dendritic form. The studies used a solution with a gold content of 50.8 μmol/dm3and a sodium cyanide content of 0.04 mol/dm3NaCN was taken. Cementation revealed a powder depassivation period associated with oxide film dissolution and overcoming diffusion difficulties. The traditional powder depassivation period (10–15 sec) exceeds that of the electrolytic powder (5–8 sec). Experimental rate constants of the cementation reaction were determined for the process involving both powders under study at different ratios of zinc and gold masses in the solution. Experimental reaction rate constants for the electrolytic powder under the studied conditions were 1.3– 1.6 times higher than that for the traditional powder. It was found that oxidation rates of zinc powders compared at different ratios of zinc and gold masses are virtually the same. At the same time, absolute rates of electrolytic powder dissolution in the initial period are nearly 2 times greater. As the powder reacts with the alkaline solution, absolute dissolution rates of electrolytic and traditional powders are equalized.
Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Department of the Ural Federal University celebrates its 90th anniversary
Authors: Mamyachenkov S. V.
Published: August 2020

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Application of different powdered forms of carbon for reinforcement of aluminum matrix composite materials by carbon and titanium carbide. А review
Authors: Amosov A. P. , Lutz A. R. , Rybakov A. D. , Latukhin E. I.
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the use of both traditional powdered carbon materials (graphite, soot, charcoal, shungite) and new carbon nanomaterials (nanodiamonds, fullerene, nanotubes, graphene) as a dispersed reinforcing phase in aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), and as reagents for the synthesis of titanium carbide (TiC) reinforcing particles in AMCs. It is observed that the key area of AMC development for significant improvement of their mechanical properties is the transition from micron-sized reinforcing particles to nanoparticles, and that the use of new carbon nanomaterials can play a decisive role in this. The technologies for producing such AMCs must provide the appropriate parameters of nanoparticles, their uniform distribution in the matrix and a strong adhesive interfacial bond with the matrix. However, it is highly difficult to meet these process requirements since carbon and titanium carbide nanoparticles are not wetted with aluminum at temperatures below 1000 °C and are prone to nanoparticle agglomeration due to interparticle adhesive forces that increase dramatically with the decreasing particle size. The paper provides an overview of advancements and unresolved issues in the use of powdered carbon forms in various solid-phase and liquid-phase methods of AMC production using various techniques to address these process challenges. It is shown that there is still a potential for using traditional carbon materials as well. Considerable attention is paid to the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of titanium carbide reinforcing particles with various carbon materials used to obtain aluminum matrix composites.
Comparative analysis of structure and mechanical properties of parts produced by electron-beam additive manufacturing and cold metal transfer
Authors: Eliseev A. A. , Utyaganova V. R. , Vorontsov A. V. , Ivanov V. V. , Rubtsov V. E. , Kolubaev E. A.
Published: August 2020

Currently, the most prospective industry development areas are prototyping and additive manufacturing. In contrast to more precise powder technologies, faster wire technologies providing non-porous products are of great interest. This paper contains a comparative analysis of the effect of two wire technologies – electron-beam additive manufacturing and cold metal transfer – on the structure and mechanical properties of Aluminum Alloy 5056. Electron beam power is close to arc power at optimal printing parameters, but cold metal transfer is cheaper due to the impulse nature of the arc. In addition, the arc method is implemented in an argon atmosphere, and this accelerates the applied layer cooling. In general, the grain structure of the material is refined due to the lower heat transfer and accelerated cooling. This results in increased strength and microhardness. The constant heat removal from the substrate and the increase in the product weight change thermal conditions of the following layer. This is controlled by beam/arc powder reduction, but each layer has its own thermal history affecting the structure and properties. In particular, the more heat is transferred to the layer from the previous layers, the less strong it is. When a certain height (about 30 mm) is passed, cooling is intensified by the large mass of the product and the strength is increased again. This is most characteristic for cold metal transfer. However, these fluctuations are rather small. Mechanical properties along the growth direction are highly stable in both technologies. Cold metal transfer also shows less alloying magnesium burn-off. In general, currently the cold metal transfer technology is more cost effective and provides better quality products.
Vinculación de víctimas y excombatientes en prácticas de recursos humanos
Authors: Salas-Arbeláez Laura , Murillo-Vargas Guillermo , García-Solarte Monica
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Identificar la influencia de la vinculación de víctimas y excombatientes en las prácticas de recursos humanos asociadas a las habilidades, motivaciones y oportunidades de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas colombianas.  Método: en este estudio se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa, en la cual se empleó la tecnica de la encuesta y se aplicó a 492 gerentes de Pymes. Se utilizó como variable dependiente las prácticas de recursos humanos y como variable independiente la vinculación de víctimas y excombatientes. El proceso de análisis se realizó a través de un análisis multivariable por regresión lineal. Resultados: Como hallazgos principales se identificó que las Pymes vinculan más a víctimas que a excombatientes, evidenciándose que la práctica de recursos humanos que más se presenta es la participación. Así, la  vinculación de víctimas y excombatientes influye de manera negativa en las prácticas asociadas a las habilidades tales como la selección y la formación. Conclusiones: Actualmente las Pymes están en plena formalización de sus prácticas de recursos humanos, sin embargo, debe existir un carácter de flexibilidad en los procesos de selección para que se pueda vincular a los actores del conflicto, de lo contrario sería complejo que estos cumplan con los requisitos del perfil para una exitosa vinculación.