bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБИСТІСНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ОСНОВОПОЛОЖНИХ ДИДАКТИЧНИХ ПРИНЦИПІВ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ “ХІРУРГІЯ” НА КАФЕДРІ ХІРУРГІЇ № 1 З УРОЛОГІЄЮ ТА МАЛОІНВАЗИВНОЮ ХІРУРГІЄЮ ІМЕНІ ПРОФ. Л. Я. КОВАЛЬЧУКА ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ І. Я. ГОРБАЧЕВСЬКОГО
Authors: Bedenyuk A. D. , Dobrorodniy V. B. , Bodnar T. V. , Bodnar P. J. , Shandruk T. V.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – поділитися досвідом організації навчального процесу на кафедрі хірургії № 1 з урологією та малоінвазивною хірургією імені проф. Л. Я. Ковальчука Тернопільського державного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського на засадах особистісно-орієнтованого підходу.Основна частина. Особистісно-орієнтований підхід у педагогіці покликаний забезпечити максимально широкі можливості для всебічного розвитку особистості студента. Виходячи із вищенаведеного, сучасна вища освіта передбачає фундаментальну практично-професійну підготовку та всебічний розвиток цілісної, соціально адаптованої особистості.Дидактичні засади організації навчального процесу в нашому закладі визначають внутрішні університетські нормативні документи. Кафедрою хірургії № 1 з урологією та малоінвазивною хірургією імені проф. Л. Я. Ковальчука складено робочі програми на четвертий, п’ятий та шостий курси медичного університету, якими передбачено структурування предмета на практичну та теоретичну частини, розподіл годин на практичні заняття та самоопрацювання. Організація навчання за методикою “Єдиного дня” дозволяє приділити достатньо часу спілкуванню викладача з кожним студентом академічної групи, адже 6 годин виділені на проведення заняття з однією групою. Практична робота, проведена “біля ліжка хворого”, можливість с пілкування з пацієнтом, можливість брати участь у всіх етапах госпіталізації хворого та у всіх етапах його лікування, а також відвідування бібліотеки, комп’ютерного класу кафедри під час години самостійної роботи студентів, семінарське обговорення та контроль знань дають можливість повноцінно закріпити матеріал студенту й оцінити рівень його знань викладачем.Висновок. Дидактичні форми організації викладання дисципліни “Хірургія”  кафедрою хірургії № 1 з урологією та малоінвазивною хірургією імені проф. Л. Я. Ковальчука Тернопільського державного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського відповідають принципу особистісно-орієнтованого підходу у вищій медичній освіті та не тільки забезпечують формування професійних компетенцій, передбачених чинними галузевими стандартами, але й сприяють всебічному розвитку особистості майбутнього лікаря.
НАВЧАЛЬНО-МЕТОДИЧНЕ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ДЛЯ АНГЛОМОВНИХ СТУДЕНТІВ НА КАФЕДРІ МІКРОБІОЛОГІЇ, ВІРУСОЛОГІЇ ТА ІМУНОЛОГІЇ ВДНЗУ “УКРАЇНСЬКА МЕДИЧНА СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНА АКАДЕМІЯ”
Authors: Fedorchenko V. I. , Hancho O. V. , Bobrova N. O. , Kyrychenko T. S. , Loban G. A.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – аналіз стану методичного забезпечення навчального процесу з англомовними студентами на кафедрі мікробіології, вірусології та імунології ВДНЗУ “УМСА” для визначення у майбутньому доцільних дій у цьому напрямку діяльності викладацького колективу кафедри.Основна частина. З метою подальшого покращення рівня знань з предмета на кафедрі мікробіології, вірусології та імунології постійно проводиться методична робота щодо створення, удосконалення та осучаснення методичних розробок для студентів з англійською мовою викладання. Методичні розробки кафедри направлені на сприяння студентам в отриманні інформації з предмета, успішне оволодіння практичними навичками та підготовку до складання незалежного тестування “Крок-1”. Також розробляються бази тестів для поточного контролю знань студентів.Висновок. Навчально-методичне забезпечення освітнього процесу для англомовних студентів на кафедрі мікробіології, вірусології та імунології розробляється та вдосконалюється у напрямках інформаційного забезпечення, організації процесу оволодіння практичними навичками та контролю знань студентів.
ЦИФРОВА НЕРІВНІСТЬ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ І СЛУХАЧІВ У ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНІЙ ОСВІТІ
Authors: Klimenko Т. М. , Sandulyak Т. V. , Serdtseva О. А.
Published: September 2018

Мета роботи – встановити причини недостатньої цифрової компетентності викладача та цифрової нерівності викладачів, слухачів і користувачів m-Health і е-Health послуг як проблеми переходу ВНЗ на дистанційну освіту та ширшого впровадження в  електронну освіту і медицину сучасних цифрових технологій.Основна частина. Розглядається суть і зміст нових компетенцій викладачів і слухачів із цифрових технологій у Рамці цифрової компетентності 2018 року та пов’язаних з нею інструментів, схвалених Європейським парламентом та Радою ЄС 17 січня 2018 року в оновленій редакції ключових компетентностей для навчання спеціалістів упродовж життя. Проаналізовано причини цифрової нерівності викладачів і слухачів курсів післядипломної освіти та користувачів систем електронної освіти та медицини, зроблено висновки щодо подолання цифрової нерівності викладачів, слухачів і користувачів цифрових технологій.Висновки. Побудова ефективної електронної освіти та електронної охорони здоров’я неможлива без подолання цифрової нерівності слухачів і викладачів, лікарів і пацієнтів та користувачів m-Health і е-Health. Для подолання нерівності і набуття цифрової компетентності потрібно об’єднати зусилля навчальних закладів, громад та держави у створенні відповідних інституцій та фінансованих програм ліквідації цифрової некомпетентності викладачів, лікарів, вчителів і окремих груп населення старшого віку. Набуття цифрової компетентності викладачами та слухачами суттєво покращить якість і доступність освітніх послуг і результати управління якістю навчального процесу на основі міжнародних стандартів.
Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes Treated With a Semaphorin 3A Inhibitor Enhance Stroke Recovery via Prostaglandin D
2
Synthase
Authors: Hira Kenichiro , Ueno Yuji , Tanaka Ryota , Miyamoto Nobukazu , Yamashiro Kazuo , Inaba Toshiki , Urabe Takao , Okano Hideyuki , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Exosomes play a pivotal role in neurogenesis. In the peri-infarct area after stroke, axons begin to regenerate but are inhibited by astrocyte scar formation. The direct effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of astrocyte-derived exosomes on axonal outgrowth after ischemia are not known.

Methods—

Using a semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) inhibitor, we explored neuronal signaling during axonal outgrowth after ischemia in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and in cultured cortical neurons challenged with oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, we assessed whether this inhibitor suppressed astrocyte activation and regulated astrocyte-derived exosomes to enhance axonal outgrowth after ischemia.

Results—

In rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, we administered a Sema3A inhibitor into the peri-infarct area from 7 to 21 days after occlusion. We found that phosphorylated high-molecular weight neurofilament-immunoreactive axons were increased, glial fibrillary acidic protein–immunoreactive astrocytes were decreased, and functional recovery was promoted at 28 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. In cultured neurons, the Sema3A inhibitor decreased Rho family GTPase 1, increased R-Ras, which phosphorylates Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), selectively increased phosphorylated GSK-3β in axons, and thereby enhanced phosphorylated high-molecular weight neurofilament-immunoreactive axons after oxygen-glucose deprivation. In cultured astrocytes, the Sema3A inhibitor suppressed activation of astrocytes induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Exosomes secreted from ischemic astrocytes treated with the Sema3A inhibitor further promoted axonal elongation and increased prostaglandin D
2
synthase expression on microarray analysis. GSK-3β
+
and prostaglandin D
2
synthase
+
neurons were robustly increased after treatment with the Sema3A inhibitor in the peri-infarct area.

Conclusions—

Neuronal Rho family GTPase 1/R-Ras/Akt/GSK-3β signaling, axonal GSK-3β expression, and astrocyte-derived exosomes with prostaglandin D
2
synthase expression contribute to axonal outgrowth and functional recovery after stroke.
Postacute Delivery of GABA
A
α5 Antagonist Promotes Postischemic Neurological Recovery and Peri-infarct Brain Remodeling
Authors: Wang Ya-chao , Dzyubenko Egor , Sanchez-Mendoza Eduardo H. , Sardari Maryam , Silva de Carvalho Tayana , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Kaltwasser Britta , Machado Patricia , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Bassetti Claudio L. , Hermann Dirk M.
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

Poststroke, neuronal excitability is tonically reduced in peri-infarct tissue via inhibitory influences of extrasynaptic GABA
A
receptors. We hypothesized that GABA
A
α5 blockade by the competitive antagonist S44819 enhances postischemic neurological recovery, brain remodeling, and neuroplasticity.

Methods—

In an explorative study followed by a confirmation study, male C57Bl6/j mice were exposed to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Starting 72 hours poststroke, vehicle or S44819 (3 or 10 mg/kg, BID) was delivered orally for 28 days. Neurological recovery, perilesional tissue remodeling, and contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity were evaluated for 42 days, that is, 14 days after completion of S44819 delivery.

Results—

S44819, delivered at 10 but not 3 mg/kg, persistently improved motor coordination and spatial memory in both studies. Striatal atrophy was reduced by 10 mg/kg S44819 at 42 days post-treatment onset, and neuronal long-term survival in the peri-infarct striatum was increased. Delayed neuroprotection was associated with reduced peri-infarct astrogliosis, increased peri-infarct brain capillary density, and increased neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation in proximity to the ipsilesional subventricular zone. Contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity, evaluated by anterograde tract tracing at the level of the red nucleus, was not influenced by S44819. Concentrations of neurotrophic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) and angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor) growth factors were elevated by 10 mg/kg S44819 in peri-infarct but not contralesional brain tissue.

Conclusions—

Our data demonstrate that S44819 enhances neurological recovery and peri-infarct brain remodeling in the postacute stroke phase.
Clinicopathological Insights From Vessel Wall Imaging of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Shimonaga Koji , Matsushige Toshinori , Ishii Daizo , Sakamoto Shigeyuki , Hosogai Masahiro , Kawasumi Tomohiro , Kaneko Mayumi , Ono Chiaki , Kurisu Kaoru
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose—

The clinical significance of vessel wall imaging (VWI) remains unclear in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. This study was performed to investigate the correlations between aneurysm wall imaging findings and histopathologic aneurysm wall architectures.

Methods—

A total of 9 aneurysms was evaluated by VWI and subsequently characterized with histopathology. We used VWI to visualize the aneurysm wall and determine if there was aneurysm wall enhancement after gadolinium contrast administration.

Results—

Aneurysm wall structures were identified in 6 of 9 unruptured intracranial aneurysms by native VWI, and wall enhancement was identified in 5 of these 6 aneurysms. Histopathologic studies revealed that wall thickening accompanied by atherosclerosis, neovascularization, and macrophage infiltration corresponded to visualization of the aneurysm wall by native VWI and to aneurysm wall enhancement.

Conclusions—

VWI can visualize thickening of the aneurysm wall, and wall enhancement corresponded to histologically confirmed degenerative changes accompanied by neovascularization and prominent macrophage infiltration.
The Supreme Court & Science: A Case in Point
Authors: Greenhouse Linda
Published: September 2018

When it comes to science and technology, Supreme Court justices resemble lay people in robes, often ill-equipped to grasp fully the implications of the important cases they are asked to decide on scientific subjects. The justices approach science not in the abstract, of course, but from within the doctrinal area in which the particular dispute arises, whether intellectual property, criminal law, or the First Amendment's protection of free speech. The Supreme Court's abortion jurisprudence offers a particularly interesting and consequential example of the Court's encounter with science: a prolonged encounter, since from the beginning, the Court viewed women's claim to reproductive freedom through a medicalized lens. In recent years, states wishing to curb access to abortion have claimed health justifications for placing novel and onerous restrictions on abortion providers. In Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, decided in June 2016, the Court invalidated one such effort, a Texas law, on the ground that the claimed health benefits were insufficient to justify the predictably massive shrinkage of the medical infrastructure necessary for women to be able to exercise their constitutional right to terminate a pregnancy. Evidence-based law met evidence-based medicine in a decision that demonstrated a new willingness by the Court to insist on good science in the area of abortion, and perhaps beyond.
The Intractability of Inaccurate Eyewitness Identification
Authors: Rakoff Jed S. , Loftus Elizabeth F.
Published: September 2018

Inaccurate eyewitness testimony is a leading cause of wrongful convictions. As early as 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court recognized this danger, but the tests it promulgated to distinguish reliable from unreliable eyewitness testimony were based largely on surmise. More recently, substantial research has demonstrated that, while significant improvements can be made in the manner in which lineups, photo arrays, and other identification procedures are conducted, inherent limitations of human perception, memory, and psychology raise, in many cases, intractable barriers to accurate eyewitness testimony. Where barriers to accurate eyewitness testimony exist, one response is to sensitize jurors to the limitations of eyewitness identifications, but studies to date have not shown that special jury instructions can accomplish that purpose. Moreover, research on expert testimony has produced mixed results, with some studies showing that it helps jurors discriminate between good and bad eyewitness evidence, and other studies showing that it merely creates overall skepticism.
Within-ring variability of wood structure and its relationship to drought sensitivity in Norway spruce trunks
Authors: Luss Saskia , Lundqvist Sven-Olof , Evans Robert , Grahn Thomas , Olsson Lars , Petit Giai , Rosner Sabine
Published: September 2018

Relationships between hydraulic vulnerability expressed asP50(the air pressure causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) and within-ring differences in wood density (WD) and anatomical features were investigated with the aim to find efficient proxies forP50relating to functional aspects. WD and tracheid dimensions were measured with SilviScan on Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) trunk wood.

P50was strongly related to mean WD (r= -0.64) and conduit wall reinforcement ((t/b)2), the square of the ratio between the tracheid double wall thickness (t) and the lumen width (b), where use of tangential lumen width ((t/bt)2) gave better results (r= -0.54) than radial lumen width (r= -0.31). The correlations ofP50with earlywood (EW), transition wood (TW) and latewood (LW) traits were lower than with the specimen averages, both for WD (r= -0.60 for WDEW,r= -0.56 for WDTW,r= -0.23 for WDLW) and all anatomical traits. The loss of hydraulic conductivity was addressed as a dynamic process and was simulated by defining consecutive phases of 5% theoretical conductivity loss. WD and tracheid traits were calculated and correlated withP50values of each specimen. Tightest correlations were found for (t/bt)2, at relative cumulated theoretical conductivities until 45 to 50% (r= -0.75).

We conclude that WD is one of the best available proxies forP50, but does not necessarily reflect the mechanism behind resistance to cavitation. The new trait, based on estimation of conductivity loss as a dynamic process, provided even stronger correlations.
Ecstatic Time: Japanese Rites and Prayers
Authors: Tosolini Tiziano
Published: September 2018

To reflect on the concept of festival or simply on the duration of a ritual or a celebration inevitably leads one to consider the role of time not only for the festival itself, but also in relation to the distinction between the time of the celebration and the regular flow of ordinary time. The essay analyses this temporal arrhythmia whereby time quivers and is shaken out of its anonymous flow through the works of renowned authors as Mircea Eliade, Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner, as well as by considering particular instances in Japanese cultural practices such as rites, celebrations and festivals.
Is the Dialogue of Cultures a Contemporary Myth?
Authors: Cheng Anne
Published: September 2018

“Intercultural dialogue,” notably between China and the West, seems to have replaced the vogue of comparatism in academic guidelines, and warrants the best of intentions to leave Eurocentrism behind us. This paper, however, critically addresses a certain type of comparatism which still remains part of an Orientalist perspective, since it often continues to treat China as the radical “Other” with which to be compared, so as to make it respond to totally irrelevant questionings. This is a way of stubbornly maintaining the idea of otherness, which freezes oppositions outside of time and space and does not allow one to detect the plurality and diversity of real differences. An unfortunate consequence of this is the constant risk of falling into some type of essentialism, and to end up, albeit non-intentionally, reinforcing diehard preconceived ideas. It is therefore high time that we should try and reach beyond our deeply ingrained Orientalistic frame of mind.
Two Readings of Kant’s Enlightenment: Gendering Chatterjee’s Global Dialogue with Foucault
Authors: Mahadevan Kanchana
Published: September 2018

Partha Chatterjee initiates a global dialogue on modernity through his engagement with Michel Foucault. He does so through a reading of Kant’s What is Enlightenment?, which is avowedly influenced by Foucault to reveal many similarities. Foucault and Chatterjee are both apprehensive about Kant’s equation of Enlightenment with maturity. They argue against interpreting Kant as an advocate of unfettered free thought. Both suggest that Kant situates thought in its local historical context. Yet, like any other dialogue, Chatterjee’s conversation with Foucault is marked by differences. Foucault’s critique of Kant operates within the European context to explore the formation of the subject of desire. In contrast, Chatterjee targets colonialism and its vestiges in nationalist responses, for example in India, to European Enlightenment’s imposition on non-Western cultures. Foucault’s focus is on the subject of desire, while Chatterjee emphasizes the socio-political context of colonization, thus leading their dialogue to an impasse. This essay suggests that this impasse can be addressed by turning to women, from both England and India, who endeavored to simultaneously reinvent themselves and their communities in contexts of colonization.
A phylogenetic approach to the Philippines endemic centipedes of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae), with the description of a new species
Authors: DOMÉNECH CARLES , BARBERA VICTOR M. , LARRIBA EDUARDO
Published: September 2018

The genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 is represented in the Philippines’ fauna by five species, two of which are endemic. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were obtained from six Scolopendra specimens belonging to two endemic species and a new one, described here as Scolopendra paradoxa Doménech sp. nov. These sequences were analyzed together with another forty-one sequences from GenBank, including additional species of Scolopendra and a few representatives of other Scolopendridae genera. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the COI analysis using maximum likelihood and neighbor joining showed the three Philippines Scolopendra endemic species as a polyphyletic group coherent with their respective morphologies, although the position of S. spinosissima Kraepelin, 1903 varied within the obtained trees. Species delimitation based on standard external morphological characters was also concordant with the observed genetic distances, monophyly and node support, confirming S. subcrustalis Kronmüller, 2009 and S. paradoxa sp. nov. as separate species also at the molecular level, while only the position of S. spinosissima could not be properly established with any of the statistical methods used. In addition, the male genitalia of the three studied species were found to lack gonopods and a penis. Remarks on the ultimate legs prefemoral spinous formula of S. spinosissima plus a key to the species of the genus Scolopendra in the Philippines are provided.
Morphology and phylogeny of a new species, Uroleptus (Caudiholosticha) antarctica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from Greenwich Island in Antarctica
Authors: PARK KYUNG-MIN , MIN GI-SIK , KIM SANGHEE
Published: September 2018

This paper describes the morphological features based on standard methods and estimates their phylogenetic position using small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences of a Uroleptus (Caudiholosticha) antarctica n. sp. population investigated from moss of the Greenwich Island, Antarctica. The morphology of Uroleptus (Caudiholosticha) antarctica n. sp. is characterized as follows: 213.0–238.0×67.5–74.5 μm size in vivo; contractile vacuole located slightly above left of mid-body; cortical granules lacking; three frontal and two frontoterminal cirri; five to six transverse cirri; one pretransverse cirri; one right and one left marginal rows; six to seven dorsal kineties; three caudal cirri.
Species of Dirhinus Dalman, 1818 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae, Dirhininae) from Saudi Arabia: new species and a new record
Authors: GUL MUHAMMAD ATHAR , SOLIMAN AHMED M. , DHAFER HATHAL M. Al , GADALLAH NEVEEN S.
Published: September 2018

The species of chalcidid wasps of Dirhinus Dalman, 1818 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) from Saudi Arabia are reviewed. Seven species are reported from Al Bahah, Asir, Jazan and Riyadh regions, of which three have hitherto been recorded: D. (Dirhinus) anthracia Walker, 1846, D. (Dirhinus) himalayanus Westwood, 1836 and D. (Dirhinus) wohlfahrtiae Ferrière, 1935. One species D. (Dirhinus) claviger Bouček & Narendran, 1981 is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia (Asir). Additionally, three new species: D. (Dirhinus) asirensis sp. nov. (Asir), D. (Dirhinus) sculpturatus sp. nov. (Al Bahah, Asir and Riyadh) and D. (Pareniaca) transversus sp. nov. (Al Bahah, Asir and Jazan) are described and illustrated. An illustrated key to females of the species of Dirhinus from Saudi Arabia is provided.
New species of Euplocania Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Psocomorpha), in three species groups, from Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: OBANDO RANULFO GONZÁLEZ , ALDRETE ALFONSO N. GARCÍA , CARREJO NANCY , PANCHE JEFERSON
Published: September 2018

Eight species of Euplocania from Colombia, in species groups Bonaverensis, Enderleini and Patinoi, are here described and illustrated. They raise to 40 the number of species described in the genus, 27 of which are found in Colombia. Of the Colombian species, one is shared with Ecuador and one is shared with Brazil and Peru. A key to identify the males of the species here described is included.
Five new species of the flesh fly genus Boettcheria (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: ROSENMEJER TRINE , PAPE THOMAS
Published: September 2018

Five new Neotropical species of the flesh fly genus Boettcheria Parker, 1914 are described: B. brachion sp. nov. (Venezuela), B. dikros sp. nov. (Costa Rica), B. hirta sp. nov. (Costa Rica), B. tridens sp. nov. (Venezuela), and B. ulo sp. nov. (Venezuela). The definition of the genus is briefly discussed.
5. Rebirth: Eugenics and Marxism
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

The fifth chapter documents the active growth during the first two decades of the twentieth century of a British ‘national’ eugenics initiated by Francis Galton and the formation of a transnational eugenics movement that spread rapidly around the world, including to Russia. The infiltration of eugenics (in its Anglo-American ‘eugenics,’ French ‘eugénnétique,’ and German ‘Rassenhygiene’ versions) into Russian professional and popular discourse on human reproduction, heredity, development, and evolution became the major stimulus for the ‘resurrection’ of Florinskii’s long-forgotten work in the new, Soviet Russia that emerged out of the firestorms of World War I, the Bolshevik Revolution, and the ensuing Civil War, which engulfed the former empire from 1914 through 1921. Mikhail Volotskoi, an anthropologist and a founding member of the Russian Eugenics Society established in Moscow in 1920, discovered, actively popularized, and in 1926 issued a new edition of Florinskii’s treatise. For Volotskoi, this tract was more than a historical curiosity. He found in Florinskii’s book a model and justification for what, in contrast to Galton’s ‘bourgeois’ eugenics, he saw as a ‘proletarian’ eugenics. Building on Florinskii’s ideas, he advanced a pointed ‘Marxist’ critique of Galtonian eugenics and its numerous followers in Russia and elsewhere. Volotskoi elaborated a concept of ‘bio-social’ eugenics and launched several research projects inspired by Florinskii’s notion of ‘conditions conducive’ to either perfection or degeneration, investigating the ‘eugenic’ effects of various factors, ranging from occupational hazards to women’s fashion. In contrast to the first publication of Florinskii’s book, the new edition did not go unnoticed.
8. Science of the Future: With and Without Galton
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

The concluding chapter examines the implications of the peculiar history of eugenics in Russia, as seen through the biography of Florinskii’s treatise, for the understanding of the history of eugenics writ large, illuminating its protean nature, its multiple local trajectories, and its global trends, as well as its continuing and contested appeal to very diverse audiences. To date, Human Perfection and Degeneration was published five times—in 1865, 1866, 1926, 1995, and 2012. Galton’s Hereditary Genius (together with his article ‘on men of science, their nature and their nurture’) was translated into Russian in 1874, nine years after the first appearance of Florinskii’s treatise, and to this day, it remains the only work of the ‘founding father’ of eugenics available (in its 1996 facsimile edition) to Russian readers. The contrasting yet intertwined fates of Galton’s and Florinskii’s concepts in Russia strongly suggest that what we habitually call eugenics is a time- and place-specific amalgam of certain ideas, values, concerns, and actions regarding human reproduction, heredity, diversity, development, and evolution. What united various ‘national’ versions of eugenics and shaped its subsequent local trajectories and global trends was an explicit preoccupation with the future, which linked the problematics of eugenics with the fundamental existential questions of human nature and human destiny: who are we, where did we come from, and where are we heading? Fused into all of its local variations, the possibility of ‘controlling’ humanity’s future through active intervention in human reproduction, heredity, development, and evolution made eugenics repelling or appealing to multiple audiences. The dates of repeated reissuing of Florinskii’s treatise, as well as the intervals that separate them, reflect not merely the internal dynamics and local imperatives of the development of eugenics in Russia. They also point to the waning and waxing popularity of eugenics world-wide, spurred by certain concurrent ‘global’ social and scientific developments, ranging from industrialization and Darwinian revolution to World War I and the rise of experimental biology and from World War II and the emergence of molecular biology to the ‘end’ of the Cold War and the inauguration of the Human Genome Project. A heated debate on ‘genetics and eugenics’ at the 1962 London symposium ‘Man and his Future’ puts into sharp relief the interplay of scientific and social factors that made, and continue to make, eugenics a subject of intense interest and an inexhaustible source of both hopes and fears regarding human nature and humanity’s future.
Intralesional Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent Sinonasal Hemangioma
Authors: Kinzinger Michael R. , Strong E. Bradley , Bernard Joan , Steele Toby O.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Sinonasal hemangioma is a rare benign tumor of vascular endothelial cells. The pathogenesis is closely linked to abnormalities in the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. Multiple treatment modalities are available, though wide local excision remains the preferred treatment. Bevacizumab, an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, has known efficacy against hemangiomas, though there are no cases of sinonasal hemangiomas managed with bevacizumab.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

The authors review the case of a 67-year-old man with a left-sided nasal hemangioma originating from the nasal septum. He presented with progressive left nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis. At the time of his presentation, the lesion had recurred after 1 excision/polypectomy at an outside institution. He then underwent revision surgery via wide local excision and septoplasty. After tumor recurrence following the revision surgery, the hemangioma was noted to recur on 1 year postoperative surveillance nasal endoscopy. In-office intralesional injection of 50 mg bevacizumab was then performed under endoscopic visualization. No improvement in the tumor size was noted at 2 months after injection, with the tumor measuring 1.5 cm. At the 10-month surveillance clinical visit following injection, the tumor had dramatically involuted to 3 mm in greatest dimension. The patient reported complete resolution of his primary symptoms of epistaxis and nasal obstruction.

Conclusions:

This report demonstrates the first reported successful treatment of a sinonasal hemangioma with intralesional bevacizumab. Intralesional bevacizumab confers an additional option for adjuvant treatment of sinonasal hemangiomas. Further evaluation of intralesional bevacizumab in the treatment of these tumors is warranted.
Why is physical education more stimulating for pupils who are more satisfied with their own body?
Authors: Kerner Charlotte , Kirk David , De Meester An , Haerens Leen
Published: September 2018

Objective:

This study explored whether pupils’ state body satisfaction during physical education related to the degree to which they indicated that physical education stimulated them to engage in sports activities outside of school. It also investigated whether pupils’ self-determined motivation mediated this relationship, such that pupils with higher body satisfaction were more likely to value and enjoy the lessons, and to indicate they would re-engage in the activities outside of physical education.

Methods:

The study involved 506 13–14-year-old pupils (51.19% girls) in England, who completed validated questionnaires to measure perceived body satisfaction, motivation for physical education and the perceived sport promoting role of physical education.

Results:

Results showed that body satisfaction positively related to the perceived sport promoting role of physical education in girls. The relationship between state body satisfaction during physical education and the perceived sport promoting role of physical education was partially mediated by pupils’ self-determined motivation.

Conclusion:

Pupils who felt more comfortable and satisfied with their physical appearance seemed to value and enjoy physical lessons more, and this more positive experience stimulated them to re-engage in the activities outside school.
Boys will be superintendents
Authors: Maranto Robert , Carroll Kristen , Cheng Albert , Teodoro Manuel P.
Published: September 2018

Even though the teaching profession is dominated by women, men hold more superintendent positions. The authors examine the pipeline that leads to the principalship and the superintendency and how it has evolved over time. They note school boards are more likely to perceive high school principals and athletic coaches as plausible superintendents, in contrast to elementary principals and curriculum specialists. In addition, elementary education majors, mostly women, tend to be more conservative and thus may choose family over advancement to a more demanding position. They discuss why having more women in high-level leadership is valuable and ways to reform the gendered career track.
Trends in adolescent sexual behavior, health, and education
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: September 2018

Kappan editor Rafael Heller talks with the Guttmacher Institute’s Laura Lindberg, one of the nation’s leading researchers in the field of adolescent sexual and reproductive health, about recent data and trends related to teens’ sexual behavior, contraceptive use, pregnancy rates, and more, including their experiences with school-based sex education.
Career Confidential
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: September 2018

Teachers learn that their Facebook comments were not as private as they expected. A compliance specialist wants principals to seek their advice before there’s a crisis. A school counselor wants to know how to respond to unethical practices among school leaders.
“Would You Wear That to Church?!”: The Production of “Ladies” in an All Girls’ After-School Club in the Southeast United States
Authors: Happel-Parkins Alison , Esposito Jennifer
Published: September 2018

This study investigated how Black middle school girls negotiated an after-school club, with a specific focus on ways of knowing and acting as “ladies.” Drawing from Fordham’s intersectional analyses of the histories and politics behind her conceptualization of “those loud black girls,” we explore and critique the ways in which the girls were subjects of, and subjected to, context-specific discourses of race, class, and gender. Critical race theory and poststructural theory are merged to inform the study. The findings illustrate how the girls negotiated and resisted the traditional conceptualizations of femininity that were expected of them.
Extra Credit in the Sociology Classroom
Authors: Izienicki Hubert , Setchfield Scott
Published: September 2018

The role of extra credit in the college classroom has been examined as a philosophical and pedagogical issue, but in this project, we argue that the matter of extra credit is also a sociological one. Using survey data, we examine how college instructors’ status and individual demographic characteristics are related to the use of extra credit. We found that women and instructors with less teaching experience are more likely to offer extra credit. Furthermore, we also found that instructors who perceived extra credit as a means to engage students with the world beyond the classroom were more likely to offer it. We situate our findings within a broader discussion of the pedagogical merits of extra credit for creating just learning environments within sociology.
Indigeneity, Science, and Difference: Notes on the Politics of How
Authors: Law John , Joks Solveig
Published: September 2018

This paper explores a colonial controversy: the imposition of state rules to limit salmon fishing in a Scandinavian subarctic river. These rules reflect biological fish population models intended to preserve salmon populations, but this river has also been fished for centuries by indigenous Sámi people who have their own different practices and knowledges of the river and salmon. In theory, the Norwegian state recognizes traditional ecological knowledge and includes this in its biological assessments, but in practice this does not happen, so Sámi fishing practices and the realities that they enact are disappearing. This paper explores how to conceptualize colonial differences in knowing. Drawing on recent anthropology, it asks how (scientific) “settler” and (Sámi) “nomadic” enact worlds and their realities, suggesting that, unlike the latter, the former create a single reality intolerant of alternatives. The focus is thus on a “politics of how” and the ways in which colonial realities and knowledges might intersect less destructively.
‘Free country, free internet’: the symbolic power of technology in the Hungarian internet tax protests
Authors: Ferrari Elisabetta
Published: September 2018

In 2014, the Hungarian government announced the introduction of a tax on internet usage. The proposal generated large protests, which led to its eventual withdrawal. In this article, I investigate the puzzling success of the ‘internet tax’ protests: how could a small tax on internet consumption generate so much contestation? I argue that the internet tax was able to give way to a broader mobilization against the government, because of the symbolic power of the idea of ‘the internet’, to which different political meanings can be attached. Through interviews with Hungarian activists, I reconstruct how the internet was associated with a mobilizing discourse that I term ‘mundane modernity’, which reproduces tropes of Western modernity about the equalizing properties of technology, progress, and rationality, while grounding them in the everyday practices of internet use. I then discuss the types of freedom embedded in mundane modernity and assess its political limitations.
Open Borders, Transport Links, and Local Labor Markets
Authors: Åslund Olof , Engdahl Mattias
Published: September 2018

This article examines the labor-market impact of opening borders to low-wage countries, exploiting time and regional variation provided by the 2004 EU enlargement in combination with transport links to Sweden from new member states. Results suggest an adverse impact on earnings of present workers in the order of 1 percent in areas close to pre-existing ferry lines. Effects are present in most segments of the labor market but tend to be greater in groups with weaker positions. The impact is also clearer in industries that have received more workers from new member states and for which cross-border work is likely to be more common. There is no robust evidence for an impact on employment or wages. We discuss the potential mechanisms driving these results.
A Comparison Between SRSS-IE and BASC-2 BESS Scores at the Middle School Level
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Oakes Wendy Peia , Common Eric Alan , Brunsting Nelson , Zorigian Kris , Hicks Tyler , Lane Nathan A.
Published: September 2018

We report findings of a psychometric study comparing scores from two screening tools: Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE, an adapted version of the Student Risk Screening Scale) and Behavior Assessment System for Children–Second Edition, Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BASC-2 BESS). Participants were 624 sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students attending a rural middle school in a southeastern state. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated statistically significant, positive relations between SRSS-IE and BASC-2 BESS scores, with very strong relations on externalizing and comorbid (internalizing and externalizing) scales. Results of concurrent classification accuracy analyses, kappa, and receiver operating curve analyses suggest the seven externalizing items on the SRSS (SRSS-E7) and BASC-2 BESS scores function in a similar manner with respect to detecting students with externalizing behaviors, but less so in detecting students with internalizing behaviors. Limitations and future direction are discussed.
Addition of blood flow restriction to passive mobilization reduces the rate of muscle wasting in elderly patients in the intensive care unit: a within-patient randomized trial
Authors: Barbalho Matheus , Rocha Angel Caroline , Seus Thamires Lorenzet , Raiol Rodolfo , Del Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo , Coswig Victor Silveira
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the addition of blood flow restriction to passive mobilization in patients in the intensive care unit.

Design:

The study was a within-patient randomized trial.

Setting:

Two intensive care units in Belém, from September to October 2017.

Subjects:

In total, 34 coma patients admitted to the intensive care unit sector, and 20 patients fulfilled the study requirements.

Interventions:

All participants received the passive mobilization protocol for lower limbs, and blood flow restriction was added only for one side in a concurrent fashion. Intervention lasted the entire patient’s hospitalization time.

Main outcome measurement:

Thigh muscle thickness and circumference.

Results:

In total, 34 subjects were enrolled in the study: 11 were excluded for exclusion criteria, 3 for death, and 20 completed the intervention (17 men and 3 women; mean age: 66 ± 4.3 years). Despite both groups presented atrophy, the atrophy rate was lower in blood flow restriction limb in relation to the control limb (–2.1 vs. –2.8 mm, respectively, in muscle thickness; P = 0.001). In addition, the blood flow restriction limb also had a smaller reduction in the thigh circumference than the control limb (–2.5 vs. –3.6 cm, respectively; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The use of blood flow restriction did not present adverse effects and seems to be a valid strategy to reduce the magnitude of the rate of muscle wasting that occurs in intensive care unit patients.
Treponeme-Associated Hoof Disease of Free-Ranging Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Southwestern Washington State, USA
Authors: Han Sushan , Mansfield Kristin G. , Bradway Dan S. , Besser Thomas E. , Read Deryck H. , Haldorson Gary J. , Alt David P. , Wilson-Welder Jennifer H.
Published: September 2018

A novel foot disease in free-ranging elk ( Cervus elaphus) in southwestern Washington State emerged in 2008 and spread throughout the region. Initial studies showed adult elk had chronic hoof overgrowth, sole ulcers, and sloughed hoof capsules, but no cause was determined. To identify possible causes and characterize the earliest lesions, 9-, 7-, and 3-month-old elk were collected. Nine-month-old elk had sole ulcers (3/9 elk) and sloughed/overgrown hoof capsules (4/9 elk) similar to adults. Histologically, lesions consisted of coronary, heel bulb, and interdigital ulcers with suppurative inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, deeply invasive spirochetes, and underrunning of the hoof capsule and heel-sole junction. Spirochetes were identified as Treponema via immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven-month-old elk had similar underrunning foot ulcers (6/8 elk) with Treponema identified in all lesions but no chronic overgrowth or sloughed hoof capsules. Three-month-old calves had superficial coronary erosions with no inflammation or identifiable spirochetes (3/5 elk) but were culture/PCR positive for Treponema, suggesting possible early lesions. Lesions from 9- and 7-month-old elk included aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, many of which are associated with infectious foot disease in livestock. Antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of 7- and 3-month-old elk from the enzootic region showed a trend toward increased Treponema antibody titers compared to normal control elk from outside the region, further supporting the significance of Treponema in the pathogenesis of foot disease. Treponeme-associated hoof disease (TAHD) in elk, a debilitating and progressive condition, shares similarities to bovine digital dermatitis and contagious ovine digital dermatitis.
Phase transitions as a cause of economic development
Authors: Andersson David Emanuel , Andersson Åke E.
Published: September 2018

Economic development spans centuries and continents. Underlying infrastructural causes of development, such as institutions and networks, are subject to slow but persistent change. Accumulated infrastructural changes eventually become so substantial that they trigger a phase transition. Such transitions disrupt the prior conditions for economic activities and network interdependencies, requiring radically transformed production techniques, organizations and location patterns. The interplay of economic equilibria and structural changes requires a theoretical integration of the slow time scale of infrastructural change and the fast time scale of market equilibration. This paper presents a theory that encompasses both rapidly and slowly changing variables and illustrates how infrequent phase transitions caused four logistical revolutions in Europe over the past millennium.
Tangible Tools for Public Transportation Planning: Public Involvement and Learning for Bus Rapid Transit Corridor Design
Authors: Stewart Anson F. , Zegras P. Christopher , Tinn Phil , Rosenblum Jeffrey L.
Published: September 2018

Open governance and open data have given rise to new collaborative tools for public involvement in transit planning. The research presented in this paper extends such tools, adding tangible and interactive features in an attempt to foster interaction, dialog, and social learning. Three tools, representing the impacts of bus rapid transit (BRT) projects at the street, neighborhood, and regional scales, were deployed at a series of public workshops in Boston. A pre-/post- survey design reveals substantive learning about BRT, supported by participants’ general agreement with statements about social learning. The quality of dialog in the workshops may point to the potential for more in-depth, double-loop learning. Of the tools used in the workshop, participants judged the one representing the street scale to be the easiest to use, whereas they judged the touchscreen regional map to be the most relevant and credible. Further research could test such tools with more representative participants and in other settings.
Snow and Ice Removal Route Optimization in Kentucky
Authors: Blandford Benjamin , Lammers Erin , Green Eric
Published: September 2018

This research describes a geographic information system-based methodology developed for the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) to improve the efficiency of Kentucky’s snow and ice removal program. The state’s program uses a system of snowplow routes that must factor in the location and attributes of trucks, facilities, materials, and roadways. Although functionally effective, the program had never been evaluated for efficiency. Researchers at the Kentucky Transportation Center used ArcGIS to assess the performance of KYTC’s current snowplow routing procedures and identify strategies for optimizing them. The research established optimized routings for four counties located in two of the state’s highway districts. Esri’s Network Analyst and the vehicle routing problem toolset were used for this process. Early models were county-based, meaning that trucks were assigned to routes within counties based on truck type and route priority. These early models achieved some optimization but it was limited and routes were overly complex. In subsequent models, researchers devised more optimal results by modeling routes at the multi-county or district level. These successful models eliminate nine snowplow trucks across four counties, resulting in savings of US$225,000 per year. In addition to cost savings, optimizing the routing system can improve efficiency, increase safety, and reduce the amount of time needed to treat roadways. This report documents the challenges, successes, and lessons learned from this research. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate the advantages of route optimization. Subsequent research will expand upon the four successful counties and attempt to optimize snow and ice removal throughout the state.