bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Morphology and Roughness of Cu Thin Films Prepared by Ionized Cluster Beam Deposition
Authors: Cao Bo , Yang Tong Rui , Li Gong Ping , Cho Seong Jin , Kim Hee
Published: January 2012

The Cu thin films were deposited on P type Si (111) substrates by ionized cluster beam (ICB) technique. The surface morphology and roughness of Cu thin films were studied at different deposition condition by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that the average grain size and surface roughness of the Cu thin films deposited at an acceleration voltage of 3 kV is smaller than other conditions.
Synthesis of Superabsorbent Polymer in Inverse Emulsion via Post-Cross-Linking
Authors: Cao Ya Feng , Liu Kai , Liu Zhao Li , Tan Feng Zhi , Li Yuan
Published: January 2012

Firstly a graft copolymer was synthesized by graft copolymerization of starch with acrylamide (AM) in inverse emulsion, and then the copolymer was deaminated and post-cross-linked by heating to produce three-dimensional superabsorbent polymer. The effect of initiate conditions, composition and concentration of emulsifier, cross-linking methods and conditions were investigated. The results show that the optimized conditions are as follows: The mixture of (NH4)2S2O8-(NH2)2CO are used as initiators, and molar ratio of initiators and acrylamide is 1.4∶105; The mixture of Span20 and Tween80 with the mass ratio of mSpan20∶mTween80=80∶20 is used as emulsifier, and the total mass fraction of the mixed emulsifier is 7% of the oil phase; Post-cross-linking method is used, and the conditions are Tc=130 °C – 140 °C, t=30 min. The water-absorbing capacity of superabsorbent polymer obtained under such conditions can reach up to 1300 – 1400 g/g in distilled water and 400 -500 g/g in saline, respectively. Its water retention rate can reach more than 90%.
Oxidation Kinetics of Superplastic Stainless Steel
Authors: Cho Woo Hyun , Lee Ho Sung
Published: January 2012

Superplastic forming provides significant industrial application for forming complicated, lightweight components of aerospace propulsion application. Since superplastic forming process is a function of temperature, time, applied pressure and contact condition of the matched surfaces, the oxidation is one of the concerned subjects. In the present work, the oxidation behavior of UNS31803 was studied in superplastic forming atmosphere. It is shown that the Pieraggi model is successfully applied to the high temperature oxidation of this alloy. The effective activation energy of the oxidation is 399 KJ/mol at this condition.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on High Rate Deposited ZnO:Al Films by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Li Wei Min , Hao Hui Ying
Published: January 2012

A series of ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films was prepared on quartz at different substrate temperature using magnetron sputtering with high deposited rate of 67 nm/min. The structural, electrical and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of substrate deposition temperature ranging from room temperature to 500 °C. The surface micrograph of AZO film deposited at room temperature was measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) test show that all the films have a (002) preferential orientation. The best electrical property was obtained at 500 °C, the resistivity was 9.044×10-4 ohm•cm, and the corresponding carrier concentration and mobility were 3.379×1020 /cm3 and 20.45 m2/Ns, respectively. What's more, all the films show a high optical transmittance.
Study on the Residual Compressive Strength of a Composite Sandwich Panel with Foam Core after Low Velocity Impact
Authors: Xie Zong Hong , Tian Jiang , Zhao Jian , Li Wei
Published: January 2012

The residual compressive strength of a foam core sandwich panel after low-velocity impact was studied by using experimental and analytical methods. The test specimens were compressed uniaxially after they were subjected to a low-velocity-impact. From the observation in the test, one can conclude that the subsequent core crushing around the impact region is the major failure mode in the sandwich structure. A failure criterion named Damage Propagation Criterion was proposed to predict the residual compressive load bearing capability of the low-velocity impacted composite sandwich panel. The characteristic value used in this failure criterion can be calculated by an analytical model developed or by conducting the Sandwich Compression after Impact test.
Study on Simulation Experiment with Universal Pass Rolling Deformation for Heavy Rail
Authors: Chen Lin , Bi Ke Xin
Published: January 2012

Using the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA for the universal rolling machine to simulate,research unit of the universal rolling deformation etc, and the use of universal mill for heavy rail rolling to simulate of lead samples, study of both. By comparing experimental results, the results show rolling simulation of laboratory lead samples and finite element simulations of computer are basically the same, use the universal pass, the difference of pressure coefficient for the rail head and rail base and rail back that work on the workpiece at the universal pass is small, deformation of workpiece is uniformity, it ensure the dimensional accuracy of the finished rail on the rail section.
Study on Nitrogen Shock Absorber Oil
Authors: Zhang Guang Guo , Chang Zhi Bin , Wang Long Bo
Published: January 2012

Liquid shock absorbing system as the primary one, although it can solve the shock absorbing problem, there has been a crash or impact occurs instantaneously when the apparent tilt steering and comfort very poor phenomenon. To this end, a new study of nitrogen gas shock absorber fluid control body height at rated load automatically within the body to adjust to the optimal height designed to improve the car's shock absorber damping effect, making the car more shock absorption system safe and comfortable, with a more stable operational.
Biomimetic Aligned Porous Materials Made from Natural Biopolymers by UFDM
Authors: He Yong Qiang , Pan Zeng , Xing Fu Bao , Liu Yu
Published: January 2012

Unidirectional freeze-drying method has been tried to prepare biomimetic aligned porous materials (APM) from natural macromolecules such as chitosan, gelatin, alginate, carrageenan, various starches, and their composites. All the porous materials have high porosity and surface area, although the pore morphology varies for different sources of natural macromolecules, composition and concentration of solution, as well as crosslinking degree. The APM has potential applications in bioseparation, biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, food and environmental protection.
An Experimental Study on Elevated Temperature Biaxial Bulge Test
Authors: Lee Ho Sung , Yoon Jong Hoon , Yoo Joon Tae
Published: January 2012

By using biaxial bulge test, it is possible to predict sheet metal forming behavior during hot forming process. The purpose of this study is to obtain materials parameters for elevated temperature forming condition during biaxial bulge test of a nickel base superalloy in hemispherical die. At constant gas pressure, the strain rate in which the metal sheet experiences varies and therefore the strain rate sensitivity can be obtained in a single loading. Biaxial bulge tests on superalloy metal sheet were performed and results are in satisfactory agreement with uniaxial test results at elevated temperature.
The Effect of Pre-Strain on the Bake Hardening Property for Ultra-Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Jin Lan , Li Wei Juan , Dong Xin , Hou Jue
Published: January 2012

The bake-hardening experiment was carried out for the Ultra-low carbon steel under different pre-strains, and the bake-hardening property is determined. The results are as follows: when the pre-strain is in the range of 0% ~4%, the BH value increases with the increase of the pre-strain; while in the range of 4% ~ 8%, the BH value decreases with the increase of the pre-strain, and when the pre-strain is 4% , the corresponding BH value is higher than others. When the pre-strain is from 8% to 15%, The BH value gets improved with the increase of the pre-strain, and the BH minimum value is corresponding to 8% pre-strain. While the results of Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) analysis shows that the dislocation density of 4% pre-strain is higher than that of 8% obviously, which improves that the dislocation density is the main factor that affects BH value.
Li+ Extraction/Insertion Reaction with LiTi1.25O3 Spinel in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Li Heng
Published: January 2012

Spinel-type metal oxides, lithium-titanium oxide(LiTi1.25O3), was prepared by a solid state reaction crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The experimental results have proved that the acid-treated sample has a capacity of exchange 5.9 mmol•g-1 for Li+ in the solution.
Investigation on In Situ Tensile of Extruded 1420 Al-Li Alloy
Authors: Chen Zhong Wei , Zhao Jing , Li Shi Shun , Zou Ji Zhao
Published: January 2012

In-situ tensile tests of extruded 1420 Al-Li alloy were investigated in field emission scanning electron microscope. Results show that the fracture process is as follows: in the initial stage of tension, the dislocation begins to move, and pile up when meeting strengthening phases; the dislocation cuts through the strengthening phases, and induces their break; the subsequent dislocation moves through the broken strengthening phases, leading to the initiating and propagating fast of the cracks; with opening of small cracks produced at multiple sites, the longer cracks form and keep the propagating, at last the main crack form, result in the fracture of the sample. The fracture mode of extruded 1420 alloy is mixture of ductile and transgranular fracture. The weak texture of extruded 1420 sample transformed from texture {001} to {018} similar to texture {001} of cubic system after tension fracture
Evaluation of Cooling Wall System and Phenolic Resin as Thermal Barrier in Buildings
Authors: Sung Wen Pei , Chen Ting Yu , Shih Ming Hsiang
Published: January 2012

In recent years, thermal barrier technologies have become an important energy-saving for space heating and cooling of residential and commercial buildings in many countries. Building energy efficiency can be improved by implementing either active or passive energy efficient strategies. Improvements to heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems etc. can be categorized as active strategies, whereas, improvements to building envelope elements can be classified under passive strategies. Using cooling wall system and phenolic resin as thermal barrier are one of the effective passive strategies. Cooling wall system is composed of galvanized iron pipes located inside of walls. Fluid flows inside the pipes and then supply constant cooling temperature. In the study, system using of groundwater as renewable energy source for pipes cooling. The groundwater at depth of more than 5 meters below the surface has constant temperature year round. Lower temperature groundwater would cool the pipes of system by heat exchange process to achieve the cooling effect of wall. The phenolic resin is proposed as construction materials to use its thermal insulation property for developing a comfortable living and working indoor environment. The phenolic resin is an environmental friendly material, and an excellent thermal barrier. In this research, cooling wall system and phenolic resin were evaluated to reduce the thermal transfer from sunlight into the buildings, thus reducing the electricity consumption needs for air conditioning of the buildings.
The Applications of Vibratory Stress Relief in High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Thick Plate
Authors: Gan Cai Jun , Liao Kai
Published: January 2012

The level and distribution of residual stresses have great impact on dimensional stability, while Vibratory Stress Relief (VSR) is an effective technology to relax or homogenize residual stresses. Experimental study on residual stresses distribution, residual strain energy and machining deformation of 7075 high-strength aluminum alloy thick plate under different aging process status shows that VSR can effectively decrease the amplitude and strain energy density, and enhance stability of dislocation structures and phase states in metal microscopic volume, then internal residual stresses are homogenized to enhance components’ anti-deformation capacity. In addition, the capability in maintaining dimensional stability from VSR is better than that from traditional mechanical stretching process
Morphology and Structure Properties of PEG-b-PBT, PEG-b-PBT-HA Nanofibers Based Gas-Electrospun
Authors: Yang Xiao Zhan , Li Zhen Sheng , Gao Ji Ning , Zhang Li Long
Published: January 2012

The block copolymer solutions were prepared by dissolving polyethylene glycol/polybutylene terephthalate (PEG-b-PBT) with different intrinsic viscosities in chloroform. The composite ultrafine nanofibers of PEG-b-PBT and PEG-b-PBT-HA(hydroxyapatite) were obtained by gas-electrospun, and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), horizontal attenuated total reflectance for Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (HATR-FTIR), dynamic contact angle measuring apparatus and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The gas-electrospun fibrous membranes, which were made of ultrafine fibers with average diameter 180-1200nm and well-interconnected pores, were possessed with high surface-to-volume ratio and excellent hydrophilicity. The above results strongly suggest that fibrous membranes combine advantages of synthetic biodegradable polymers and nanometer-scale dimension for mimicking the natural ECM, and may represent an ideal tissue engineering scaffold, particularly for soft tissue, such as skin and cartilage tissue engineering scaffold.
Effect of Glass Fiber Modification on Tensile Strength and Shrinkage of Ceramic Mould
Authors: Wang Zhao , Lu De Hong , Gong Hui , He Xiao Gang
Published: January 2012

Aiming to improve the crack-resistance of the mould of ceramic mould casting, glass fibers whose average diameter was approximately 16 µm, length 1mm were dispersed, and the effect of the glass fibers on the tensile strength and shrinkage rate of the ceramic mould was investigated in this study. In the ceramic green body, quartz sand was selected as refractory, silica sol was binder. The results show that, with increasing glass fiber, the tensile strength of the ceramic mould increased linearly from 0.175 MPa to 0.221 MPa at the same sintering temperature, and the shrinkage rate fell from 1.37% to 1.33% at room temperature. With the sintering temperature rising, the tensile strength increased and the shrinkage decreased by the glass fiber dispersion, but their variation rule were not changed. The investigation proposed a new method to improve the crack-resistance of the ceramic mould, i.e., glass fiber dispersion into the ceramic mould.
A Multi-Agent Simulation Model for Water Resources Allocation and Scheduling
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Xing Nan , Wang Jian Ying
Published: January 2012

The South-to-North Water Diversion Eastern Route Project of China is a complex large scale system. It is important of constructing a modelling and simulation for this type of system. This paper proposes a modelling and simulation technique for large scale water project based on Agent calculation and complex adaptive system (CAS). The simulation experiment system, about multi-Agents of water resources in East CAS management features is conducted using SWARM. We demonstrate also the interaction within all kinds of objects and the behaviour of system evolvement in the course of water resources allocation and scheduling. The simulation results show the proposed simulation model effective.
Design of the Circuits for a CMOS CAN Transceiver Chip with Slew Rate Control
Authors: Zhan Hui Hui , Zong Shao Xin , Han Xiu Gang , Li Chuan Nan
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the design of a CMOS transceiver circuits for CAN bus based on 0.5μm n-well CMOS process is presented. It has the advantages of high speed, high driving capability and strong anti-interference capability. It is mainly made up of a receiver and a transmitter which includes the input stage circuit, the middle stage circuit, the slew rate control circuit and the output stage circuit. With five cascaded inverters, the middle stage circuit can provide a high driving current and a small delay. In the slew rate control circuit, due to a variable charge or discharge current source, the slew rate of output signal could be adjusted continuously by an external resistance Rs. So it is very convenient for the chip to be applied in different modes and at different rates. The output stage circuit has the function of short-circuit protection, overvoltage and undervoltage protection. The receiver circuit is a hysteresis comparator introduced by a positive feedback to reduce the differential noise effectively, and it has a small temperature coefficient too. Hspice simulation results show that the transceiver meets the ISO-11898 standards and could operate at the rate of 1Mbit/s.
Management Review of the Role of the Theoretical Innovation
Authors: Luo Hui , Liu Ai Dong , Hu Rui Xiong
Published: January 2012

This Industrial economy in the urban development of the enterprise, technology, modern enterprises as the main innovators, so that our community has increasingly become a corporate social. Scientific management, organizational functions, administration, behavioral science, management science, systems science, management knowledge is increasingly interdisciplinary present trends, and the mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, computer integration in the economic system, artificial intelligence on the ongoing development, and will fully launch the twenty-first century, human intelligence works. Urban economic growth in the information era of digital development, will promote economic development and enhance the total GDP, the digital city and digital management of exploration into the political, economic and social topics of common concern.
Design and Implementation of Real-Time Audio Transmission System
Authors: Chen Yun Jun , Jiang Xiu Ming , Yang Gong Yuan , Cai Yan
Published: January 2012

Continuous Multi-channel digital audio signals system not only guarantees the continuity of signal acquisition, but has the real-time control ability in the process of signal acquisition. This paper proposes the producer/consumer design pattern which can make program designing quicker, simpler and more efficient. Through the example of continuous sound signal acquisition, the designing idea for the Producer/consumer design pattern is described in details and the design process of this program on the Delphi platform is given. The result shows that the introduction of the producer/consumer design pattern in the use of program design which has serious request in real-time and continuous sound signal acquisition and playing can make the processes response faster and more efficient．
Identifying Essential Components of Lean Approach
Authors: Lyonnet Barbara , Pillet Maurice , Pralus Magali
Published: January 2012

Any company wishing to implement a Lean approach is faced with the following issue: should Lean be implemented sequentially or simultaneously No consensus on the method for implementing Lean has been established. For this reason we sought to find out if there was an implementation order regarding Lean practices. 25 Lean experts were interviewed. We used a precedence method to identify the potential precedence for implementing certain Lean practices. We considered only the common responses from over 50% of Lean experts interviewed. We showed that five precedence levels could exist. Understanding these levels should contribute to the creation of a deployment standard for Lean, as well as the successful implementation of Lean practices in companies.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Indirect Ethanol Synthesis from Syngas
Authors: Zhu Ling Jun , Wang Shu Rong , Li Xin Bao , Yin Qian Qian , Luo Zhong Yang
Published: January 2012

The dependence of chemical equilibrium constant on the reaction temperature and pressure and the feed molar ratio were theoretically calculated for indirect ethanol synthesis from syngas through the coupling of CO with methyl nitrite (MN) to dimethyl oxalate (DMO) and the hydrogenation of DMO to ethanol. It shows that the coupling process and the hydrogenation of DMO to ethanol are highly favorable at all temperatures and pressures, especially at low temperature. The hydrogenation of DMO to ethylene glycol (EG) and the further reaction of ethanol with H2 to high alcohol are thermodynamically favorable at low temperatures, below 630 and 450 K, respectively. Additionally, high reaction pressure is facilitated to EG and high alcohol formation. Accordingly, moderate reaction temperature (up 538 K) and low reaction pressure (below 1 MPa) are beneficial to ethanol production.
T-Rough Ideal and T-Rough Fuzzy Ideal in a Semigroup
Authors: Hosseini S.B , Jafarzadeh N. , Gholami A.
Published: January 2012

T-rough sets was introduced in [3]. Our aim in this paper is to introduce the concept of T-rough ideal , T-rough quotient ideal and T-rough fuzzy ideal and study on a set-valued homomorphism for semigroups. We generalized some theorems that they have been proved in [12].
Design and Implement on Volume Data Visualization System
Authors: Huang Jin Ming , Liu Kun Liang
Published: January 2012

Visualization of volume data is an important branch of science computing visualization and its application is very wide. This paper realized an interactive visualization system of regular volume data. Based on volume data visualization, this paper also realized 3-D model’s volume slice and equal-surface real time. It provides strong support for the researcher to find the laws behind the volume data.
Based on Demand Theory Factors Influence Analysis on Beijing Elderly Spiritual Comfort
Authors: Sun Li Na , Zhang Zhi Gang
Published: January 2012

while the degree of aging progress become more and more serious, the aging problems turn into important, and relate to economic development, social stabilization, as well as the family happiness. The elderly problems include the economic support, daily care and the comfort in spirit. Nowadays, the spirit comforting problems of elderly come to the front, and become the most important problem of elderly. This article uses statistic software, to make analysis and get conclusions as below: in the aspect of self characters, age, education experience, physical status as well as political factor, all have very strong effect on the appraise of psychological life, actually. Analysis on the environment shows that the effect of community construction to appraising psychological life is the largest one.
Research on License Plate Recognition Based on Information Fusion
Authors: Dong Yan , Zhu Yong Sheng , Li Qiang
Published: January 2012

The information capacity of the characters on the license plate images affects the accuracy of recognition directly. To improve the recognition rate of vehicle license, considering the low cost of installing cameras nowadays, this thesis put forwards that, adopting images from two cameras in different angles. the license plate location, character division and feature extraction process are done separately, and then information fusion technique is used to confirm the more reliable recognition result, which can reduce the error recognition rate of characters. The contrast experiments show that this method can improve the accuracy of license plate recognition.
PID Parameter Tuning of the Interrelated Servo-Motors
Authors: Yang Zhi Yong , Li Jian Dong , Gong Quan Yi , Li Wei Qian , Liang Wen Yong , Liu Qiang
Published: January 2012

A new method of PID parameter tuning of the interrelated servo-motors is developed. This method is applied to PID control of the interrelated servo-motors which selects overshoot and rising time as optimization variables according to the working characteristics of servo motor, determine the PID parameters quickly and accurately, can meet the requirements of engineering and greatly improve efficiency.
The Development of a Bio-Scouring Process for Raw Wool Using Protease
Authors: Smith Edward , Zhang Q. , Farrand B. , Kokol V. , Shen Jin Song
Published: January 2012

The use of protease in the raw wool scouring process was investigated. Both native protease and an enlarged protease prepared by chemical modification were used. It was demonstrated that enzymatic treatment with protease in the scouring process (bio-scouring) can achieve cleaning of the fibre and modification of the cuticle layer leading to shrink-resistance. A reduction of lipid content was found and led to an improvement in dyeability of the fibre.
Ultrasonic Assisted Alkali-Oxidation Process for the Degumming of Kudzu Fiber
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wang Rui , Zeng Peng Cheng , Zhang Ru Quan , Xu Lei , Xu Li Feng
Published: January 2012

Fibers extracted from Kudzu have unique anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory functions, and are promising to be fabricated into skin-care textiles. The effective way in de-gumming of the kudzu is the alkali-oxidation process. Firstly, an optimized alkali-oxidation process was proposed in consideration of three parameters including the concentration of NaOH and H2O2 and the immersing time. The residual pectin content and the tensile properties of the fiber were tested to characterize the retting degree. The best routine is: 5% NaOH, 4% hydrogen peroxide, treating for 3 hours. In addition, a 30min ultrasonic treatment was added after the initial 30min of alkali-oxidation scouring. The result showed that the introduction of ultrasound can significantly reduce the prop rate amounts of NaOH and H2O2 to 3% and 2% respectively to reach the same optimized fiber retting degree.
A Study on Ultrasonic Technology in Silk Degumming
Authors: Cai Ying , Ge Hua Yun , Liu Jin Qiang
Published: January 2012

During the transmission of ultrasound, its great directionality, ubiquitous penetration and the ability to strengthen the diffusion, exchange and transfer of matter can help the treating fluid reach the crossing points of silk fabric. And the function of ultrasonic wave can make use of acoustic cavitation effect to produce impact on sericin layer at the crossing point, thus promoting the fragmentation and separation of sericin, improving the removal efficiency of sericin at crossing points and achieving uniform silk fiber degumming. The function of ultrasonic wave can cut down the time of process and avoid the damage of fibroin through controlling the temperature and dose of chemical agent.
Semen Litchi Extract Dyeing on Silk Fabrics
Authors: Yuan Hao Yu , Liu Jian Hua , Yu Zhi Cheng
Published: January 2012

The extraction of natural dye from semen litchi was studied, and the stability and dyeing ability of the dyestuff for the silk fabrics were also investigated. The results showed that the extraction efficiency using ethanol and sodium hydroxide was better than other solvents. The results indicated that the stability of the semen litchi stuff was good. The optimum direct dyeing process is at 90°C for 45 min with pH 4. Meanwhile, the color yield and color fastness of dyed fabrics can be improved by mordant dyeing.
Short-Flow and High-Efficiency Dyeing Process of Sulfur Black on Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Dong Feng Chun , Wang Jun Hua , Huang Gang , Jia Yong Tang
Published: January 2012

Cottons dark-dyeing with sulfur black was studied in this paper. Its a simple process for cotton because of no bleaching, just only desizing, scouring and dyeing with two steps in one-bath. Through adjusting technical parameters, the optimum conditions were obtained: NaOH 6 g/L, Na2SiO3 2 g/L, scouring agent 2 g/L, JFC 1 g/L, sulfur black 14%, Na2S 16%, carbamide 2 g/L, bath ratio 1:20, scouring and dyeing at 95 °C for 45 min and 35 min separately. Compared the simple process with the traditional one, the former can get similar performance on dyeing. In addition, the simple process showed such advantages as short time, high efficiency, reduced energy consumption, relatively low water consumption and reduced sewage emission.
Bring Structural Color to Silk Fabrics
Authors: Diao Ying Ying , Liu Xiang Yang
Published: January 2012

By mimicking the fine structures of butterflies wings and peacocks feathers, we have successfully brought structural color to silk fabrics. The three-dimensional (3D) face centre cubic (FCC) opal or inverse opal structure was constructed on the surface of the silk fabrics by materials assembly. The diversified colors were achieved by precisely controlling the lattice constants of the photonic crystals.
Application of β-Cyclodextrin-Menthol Inclusion Compound on the Perfume and Anti-Bacterial Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Grafting
Authors: Zhang Rui Ping , Cai Cheng Qin
Published: January 2012

Application of citric acid (CA), as cross-linking agent, on grafting β-cyclodextrin (CD) to cotton was studied. Some influence factors on the grafting of β-cyclodextrin, such as the concentration of CA, β-cyclodextrin and catalyst, curing conditions (temperature, time) were discussed. The grafting procedure was to soak the fabric samples in an aqueous solution containing β-CD 60 g/L, citric acid 100 g/L and sodium hypophosphite 30 g/L, then the squeezed samples were dried and cured at 190°C for 4 min. The cotton fabric grafted with β-cyclodextrin and then perfumed with menthol preserved 27.04% menthol after ten days, and its anti-bacterial performance was observed.
Technique and Effect of Wash and Wear Finish on Bast Fabric
Authors: Ding Ying , Lou Xue Jun , Wang Li Ming , Shen Yong , Cai Zai Sheng
Published: January 2012

The wash and wear finish of bast fabric was reported in this paper. The influence of various factors on wash and wear finish effect was studied by method of orthogonal experimentr. The result indicated that the proper range of concentration of finish was 80-100 g/L with catalyst MgCl2 of 8% relative to dose of finishing agent at curing temperature of 160 °C for 3 mins. The wrinkle recovery angle and breaking elongation percentage could be enhanced by pretreatment with NaOH liquor of 20-25 g/L. The performance of the wash and wear finish could be improved by finish with amino organosilicon. In the process of low formaldehyde wash and wear finish, the concentration of finish was a key parameter, dose of catalyst MgCl2 and curing temperature were main parameters.
Flame Retardancy and Pyrolysis Products of Calcium Alginate Fibers
Authors: Zhang Chuan Jie , Zhu Ping , Zhao Jin Chao , Zhang Nan Nan
Published: January 2012

The combustion properties, flame retardant property, thermal degradation and component of pyrolysis products of calcium alginate fibers were investigated in this paper. The limiting oxygen index value of calcium alginate fibers was 34.4 showing no combustion in the air. The fiber extinguishes instantly when it is moved away from the fire. During the combustion process, the heat release rates (HRR), effective heat combustion (EHC) and total heat release (THR) of calcium alginate fibers were lower than those of cotton fibers, but higher than those of sodium alginate. The carbon dioxide yield rate of calcium alginate fibers was higher than that of cotton fibers but lower than that of sodium alginate. Calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, which are beneficial to hamper fibers combustion and diffusion of heat and oxygen, were formed during thermal degradation of calcium alginate fibers. There were 15 kinds of pyrolysis products in gas phase of calcium alginate fibers at 350°C and 45 kinds at 700 °C, while there were 26 kinds of pyrolysis products of sodium alginate at 350°C and 26 kinds at 700°C. Based on a series of study, the flame retardant mechanism of calcium alginate fibers was analyzed.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Ni2+ Complex1
Authors: Jiang Yin Zhi , Zou Yang , Zhang Lian Qun
Published: January 2012

(S,S)-N,N’- bi-(benzal)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine Schiff base (1) was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR spectra, MS spectra and IR spectra. And the coordination reaction of 1 with chlorate of Ni(II) was studied. The reaction of 1 with NiII salt [NiCl2] generates a new compound (2). 2 was characterized using IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 2: space group Coca, with a = 24.580(4)Å, b = 9.5829(13)Å, c = 7.6836(11)Å, α=90.00º, β=90.00º, γ=90.00º, Z=4, V= 1809.8(5)Å3, Dc=1.446 mg.m-3, µ=1.376 mm-1, F(000)=840. There are 6 coordination sites around Ni2+ of 2, which are respectively occupied by two oxygen atoms (all from two H2O molecules) and four nitrogen atoms [all from two 1,2-cyclohexanediamine molecule]. The Ni atom and four chelating nitrogen atoms are coplanar. There exist intra-molecular H-bond and intermolecular H-bond. The mechanism of metal-assisted decomposition of 1 was also discussed briefly.
Synthesis of Monochlorotriazinyl-β-Cyclodextrin as a Novel Textile Auxiliary
Authors: Liu Jian Hua , Xu Hong Cong , Shen Lin , Chen Rui Yu , Yu Zhi Cheng
Published: January 2012

In this study, monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD) was prepared from the reaction between cyanuric chloride and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The structure of the product was confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR and ESI-MS. It is found that the yield of the MCT-β-CD was 61.72% and the average substitution degree (DS) of-OH in MCT-β-CD was 1.43. The water solubility of MCT-β-CD is 0.40 g/mL at room temperature.
A New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenoid Glycoside from Lactuca Sativa L var. Anagustata
Authors: Huang Hai , Zhou Bao Cheng , Wang Jia Sheng , Du Jian Jia , Yu Pei Pei , Han Yi Feng
Published: January 2012

Chemical reinvestigation of the methanolic extract of whole plant ofLactuca sativaLvar. anagustatahas now led to the isolation of one new eudesmane sesquiterpenoid glycoside which was elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR experiments (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) as 1β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-15-O-(p-methoxyphenylacetyl)-5α, 6βH-eudesma-3, 11(13)-dien-12, 6α-olide.
Synthesis of Polystyrene-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymers as Binder for Pigment Dyeing
Authors: Yang Lei , Hu Cheng Jie , Yang Hai , Qi Dong Ming
Published: January 2012

Well-controlled polystyrene-b-poly (n-butyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene (PSt-b-PnBA-b-PSt) triblock copolymers were prepared by RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) emulsion polymerization process. The mechanical properties of the triblock copolymers were investigated in comparison to the P(nBA-co-St) statistical copolymers. When the PSt content is 20%, the ultimate tensile strength of triblock copolymer is nearly six times the strength of statistical copolymer, while their modulus are all around 3.0×103 Pa. The triblock copolymer films feel smooth and non-tacky as the PSt content is higher than 20%. It indicates that PSt-b-PnBA-b-PSt triblock copolymers can be used as binders in pigment dyeing, providing the dyed fabrics with soft non-tacky handle and good fastness properties.
Research on the Dyeing Property of Natural Food Pigments on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Zhu Xia , Meng Qing Tao
Published: January 2012

t is pre-mordant dyeing. Dyeing property of Carmine, gardenia yellow and sodium copper chlorophyll on cotton fabrics which were pre-treated by metal mordant (FeSO4AlCl3 and ZnCl2 ) was studied. The reasonable pre-treatment was determined by comparing the color depth (K/S value) of dyed samples. And then, the dyed samples were treated with no-iron finishing resin 931-33 to fix the color. The result shows that the color depth of cotton fabric is greatly improved after determined pre-treatment, and the washing fastness is improved after color fixing.
Effect of Metal Ion Content in Dyebath on the Color of Wool Dyes
Authors: Wang Bai Hua , Wang Yong Sheng , Huang Li Chun , Liu Hong Juan
Published: January 2012

The effect of metal ions in dyebath on the color of wool fabrics dyed with six kinds of common wool dyes was investigated. The dyes chosen were acid mordant dyes, Palatin dyes, Acidol dyes, Polar dyes, Lanasol dyes, and Lanaset dyes. The dyes were divided into 23, and fabrics were treated separately with these dyes according to the corresponding dyeing process. The metal ion of Cr6+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Al3+was added separately into the dyebath, the content of which was 3 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 300 mg/L. The differences in color between the fabrics dyed using the metal-contain-process and the metal-free-process were compared. The color difference is positively correlated with the metal ion content. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, the color difference values (ΔE) of most dyed fabrics were less than 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB. Moreover, color fastness was greater than 4, which means that the effect of the metal ions to color difference is acceptable. When the metal ion content was 300 mg/L, the ΔE values of most dyes were greater than 13.6±1.0 of CIELAB, which means that the metal ions have obvious effects on color difference. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L, the ΔE values ranged from 1.7±0.313.6±1.0 of CIELAB. Based on the recommendation of theGB250-1995 Gray Scale for Assessing Change in Color(equivalent to the ISO 105/A02-1993 Textile-tests for Color Fastness-grey Scale for Assessing Change in Color), the ΔE value 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB and Grade 4 color fastness were used as the threshold to assess the results. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, Cu2+and Fe3+had low influence on the Palatin dyes, in which the color difference and the color fastness were less than the threshold. Meanwhile, Cu2+and Fe3+had excessive effects on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. However, Cr3+had excessive influence on the Palatin dyes, with the color difference and the color fastness exceeding the threshold. In contrast, Cr3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values conforming to the threshold. Al3+had a significant effect on the acid mordant dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. In contrast, Al3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, which were within the threshold. Cr6+had no significant effect on the kinds of dyes, in which the ΔE values did not exceed the threshold. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L or 300 mg/L, we obtained mixed results. The color difference and color fastness values of kinds of dyes in the present study met the threshold, whereas some kinds of dyes were not within the threshold. The result has practical utility for setting the standards for water recycling in the wool dyeing industry.
Fluorescence Analysis of Detergency Mechanisms of Olive Oil on Single Cotton Fibers
Authors: Ren Jiang , Shao Jian Zhong , Yu Mei Lan , Xu Chen Ying , Qiu Ya Qin
Published: January 2012

In this article, the detergency mechanisms at the single fiber level were examined from the microscopic perspective. Unlike the previous research, we improved the traditional method to investigate washing mechanism. The washing situation of cotton fiber soiled by olive oil was observed by Inverted Fluorescence Microscope, and the effects of the surfactant LAS (0.5 g/L) and Lipase (0.5 g/L) were discussed. The results indicated that the oil was rolled up from the fiber after washing with surfactant LAS, and the oil was broken down into soluble substances in water by hydrolysis after lipase washing.
Semicrystalline Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polyolefin-Based Materials
Authors: Kuriyagawa Mizue , Nitta Koh Hei
Published: January 2012

The mechanical yielding and necking behaviors of metallocene-catalyzed high density polyethylenes were investigated from a structural point of view. In particular the natural draw ratio was investigated with different crosshead speeds, molecular weights, and the cross-section shapes of sample specimens. We proposed a structural model for explaining the necking formation in addition to the molecular weight and the cross-sectional shape dependences of the natural draw ratio.
Dynamic Simulation Study on Anti-Scaling Corrosion Inhibitors of Circulating Cooling Water for Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Sun Mo Jie , Wang Peng , Liu Chun Guang , Shan Yu Han , Zhang Chun Biao , Cheng Ming
Published: January 2012

In order to choose one elixir from three anti-scaling inhibitors A, B and C that most suits for the circulating cooling water in thermal power plants under certain water condition, we used the dynamic simulation test method in this paper. Under high concentration rate (4.0), we comprehensively analyzed the three elixirs from the factors of their anti-scaling, corrosion and economical performances. According to the results, it was confirmed that elixir B displayed the relevant good properties for the water condition of the power plant. Meantime, the elixir components of the three elixirs were analyzed, and the results showed that all the indexes of them were in conformity with the national standards.
Adaptive hp-Finite Element Method for Electromagnetic Field Logging Problems
Authors: Ma Zhong Hua , Liu De Jun , Feng Qi
Published: January 2012

A novel, highly efficient and accurate adaptive higher-order finite element method (hp-FEM) is proposed for electromagnetic field problems. Presented in this paper are the vector expression of Maxwell's equations, three kinds of boundary conditions, stability weak formulation of Maxwell's equations, and automatic hp-adaptivity strategy. This method can select optimal refinement and calculation strategies based on the practical formation model and error estimation. Numerical experiments show that the new hp-FEM has an exponential convergence rate in terms of relative error in a user-prescribed quantity of interest against the degrees of freedom, which provides more accurate results than those obtained using the adaptive h-FEM. The methodology is freely available online in the form of a general public licensed C++ library Hermes (http://hpfem.org/hermes).
Design of the High-Precision SPR System
Authors: Sun Rong Chun , Chen Yu , Hu Xue
Published: January 2012

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology is widely used in biochemistry sensing, drug analysis, environmental monitoring and other fields. Based on the principle of surface plasmon resonance, high-precision SPR system was developed by using Kretschmann model in this paper. Automatic control, data acquisition, real-time display and storage integration of SPR system have been achieved by Labview software in PC. The single sample test results show that the system has high accuracy and stability.
Teaching Platform Construction of Mining Engineering after Recovering Recruit Student
Authors: Chai Xiu Wei , Zhang Dian Ji , Xu Yu Ping , Ji Da Bo , Ren Shao Feng
Published: January 2012

This paper introduces the mining engineering of Wuhan institute of technology after stop for a very long period of time, which seizes the excellent situation of the development and utilization of mineral resource industry, and recovers the mining engineering recruit students. Then based on analyzing the faced difficulty of the mining in teaching, laboratory construction and practice, through the inter-university cooperation, we explore the integration of resources and sharing of the teachers, the laboratory, the practice base, etc. and reaches the complement each other's advantages and fully proper application of the existing resources.
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Marine Diesel Engine Based on KFDA
Authors: Chai Yan You , Peng Xiu Yan , Man Xin Jiang
Published: January 2012

In order to guarantee the normal operation of marine, an effective fault diagnosis model need to be established to determine the reason causing the fault of marine diesel engine. According to the problem of fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine, by using the methods of kernel fisher discriminant analysis, a method solving fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine is proposed. Firstly, kernel fisher discriminant analysis was done to the historical fault set and the parameters were determined by grid method. In this way, the fault diagnosis model of marine diesel engine was built. Then, this model was used to diagnosis the actual fault of marine diesel engine. The effect of fault diagnosis in fuel injection system of MAN B&W 10L90MC marine diesel engine verified the effectiveness of this method. Therefore, the method proposed by this paper has certain practical significance towards the fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Fuzzy Matter Element Based on Entropy Weight in Urban Water Use
Authors: Li Chun Jiao , Li Bo , Wang Tie Liang
Published: January 2012

Based on analyzing of fuzzy matter element and information entropy theories,this paper puts forward a new method to evaluate urban water use, and sets up the model of fuzzy matter element based on information entropy for evaluating urban water use by constructing the compound fuzzy matter element, degree of membership, weight etc, it solves the independence and incompatibility of evaluation index of urban water use. Then the paper introduces an example of evaluating urban water use. The result indicates this method is in conformity with reality, this validates the validity of this method.
A Fuzzy Controller Design of Seam Tracking for Welding Robot
Authors: Wu Yong Qiang , Yuan Zhong Hu , Wang Jia Han
Published: January 2012

Kinematics model of welding robot is built in the paper. An improved fuzzy controller (Fuzzy-P) for welding robot mobile platform is designed based on analyzing seam tracking control system. The domain of fuzzy control should not be set too big in order to make system smooth, but the system must respond rapidly. P control can respond rapidly. When weld seam deviation is big,it adopts P control while seam deviation is small, it adopts Fuzzy-P control. The simulation result shows that the improved controller is effective for 45°broken line; the welding torch is able to track the welding seam well.
The Influence of Initial Error to the Rate Azimuth Platform Inertial System
Authors: Wang Feng Lin , Wen Xiu Lan , Sheng Dang Hong
Published: January 2012

To lower the cost of the gravity passive navigation system, a rate azimuth inertial platform with a gravity sensor on it was put forward to constitute a navigator with gravity measuring, combined with digital gravity map, the system would come to a simple passive navigation system To master the influence of deterministic system error to navigation system, so can accurately present the precision index of gyroscopes and accelerometers, which are the main components of rate azimuth platform inertial navigation system, and initial calibration precision. With the error equations under static state, the characteristic equation of rate azimuth platform inertial navigation system is set up. Based on the solutions of the error equation, and the system error characteristics caused by the initial navigation error are deduced with analytical method.
The Using of Combination Algorithm to the Gastric Carcinoma Nucleus Segmentation
Authors: Cai Hai Yang , Li Dong Xia , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2012

The nucleus segmentation of gastric carcinoma pathological section microscopic image is a challenge. Watershed and GVF model can be applied to ordinary nucleus segmentation, but each has its advantages and disadvantages. Combine two algorithms and pathology expertise. The initial contours of nucleus are achieved by watershed transformation first, and then the final contours are approaching by GVF model. Experiments show that the combined algorithm is valid.
UI Analysis and Style Design
Authors: Zhang Jian Chun , Shen Hai Hui
Published: January 2012

Traditional interactive software and its User Interface (UI) have many shortcomings, so it's hard to meet the needs of users. But the new personalized interface model has good expansibility as it's based on XML language. In addition, the separate storage of XML file and executable programs fully realize the separation of application logic and UI.