bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed of Elzaki Transform and Projected Differential Transform Method for a Nonlinear Wave-Like Equations with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Khalouta Ali , Kadem Abdelouahab
Published: August 2018

In this work, a mixture of Elzaki transform and projected differential transform method is applied to solve a nonlinear wave-like equations with variable coefficients. Nonlinear terms can be easily manipulated by using the projected differential transformation method. The method gives the results show that the proposed method is very efficient, simple and can be applied to other applications.
Agroforestry Standards for Regenerative Agriculture
Authors: Elevitch Craig , Mazaroli D. Niki , Ragone Diane
Published: August 2018

Agroforestry is increasingly being recognized as a holistic food production system that can have numerous significant environmental, economic, and social benefits. This growing recognition is paralleled in the U.S. by the budding interest in regenerative agriculture and motivation to certify regenerative practices. Current efforts to develop a regenerative agriculture certification offer an opportunity to consider agroforestry’s role in furthering regenerative goals. To understand this opportunity, we first examine how agroforestry practices can advance regenerative agriculture’s five core environmental concerns: soil fertility and health, water quality, biodiversity, ecosystem health, and carbon sequestration. Next, we review a subset of certification programs, standards, guidelines, and associated scientific literature to understand existing efforts to standardize agroforestry. We determine that development of an agroforestry standard alongside current efforts to certify regenerative agriculture offers an opportunity to leverage common goals and strengths of each. Additionally, we determine that there is a lack of standards with measurable criteria available for agroforestry, particularly in temperate locations. Lastly, we propose a framework and general, measurable criteria for an agroforestry standard that could potentially be implemented as a standalone standard or built into existing agriculture, forestry, or resource conservation certification programs.
Theoretical approaches to the study of cross-border cooperation and their practical use in the context of regionalization of foreign economic relations
Authors: Tkachenko M. F. , Zhurova A. V.
Published: August 2018

The article presents an overview of theoretical approaches to the study of cross-border cooperation, analyses successful examples of cross-border cooperation in the context of regional integration associations (EU, NAFTA), as well as China's trade and economic cooperation with Russia. The authors systematize the economic and non-economic factors that determine the realization of the potential of cross-border cooperation.
Comparative evaluation of simulation ways of the economic time series with periodic oscillations
Authors: Protasov Y. М. , Yurov V. М.
Published: August 2018

Three ways of computer simulation of economic time series with periodic oscillations are compared in accordance with the criteria of accuracy and informativeness. The ways implement the harmonic analysis methods, however, the often used restriction on the length of the series is not used in this case. For example, the time series of quarterly sales volumes of the company for the last 7 years are given.
Improving the fiscal policy of the state with the help of information technology
Authors: Akimkina E. E. , Abbasov Т. E.
Published: August 2018

The theoretical aspects of fiscal policy are analyzed, its concept, goals, instruments and regulators are disclosed; A practical analysis of the fiscal policy carried out by the Russian Federation for the period 2008-2015 is carried out, its strengths and weaknesses are outlined; It is shown that it is necessary to increase the role of fiscal transparency in increasing the efficiency of public spending; Ways to increase fiscal transparency through information technology.
Assessment of the potential for self-development of the regional economy and enhancing its effectiveness through integration of territories within the framework of the macro-regional agglomeration
Authors: Borodin V. A. , Machin K. A. , Lyubitskaya V. A. , Erokhin A. V.
Published: August 2018

The modern regional economy uses a set of methodical and conceptual approaches to formation of policy of development of regions. Agglomerative approach as one of less developed in methodology of economic science has to take the worthy place in an arsenal of spatial development of territories. On the example of regions of Siberian Federal District in article the methodology of an assessment of potential of formation of spontaneous macroregional agglomeration is considered. It has allowed to formulate major factors of self-development of territories and to calculate agglomerative effect for macroregional Southern Siberian agglomeration. Results of a research can be used for the analysis and an assessment of potential of self-development of territories, and also for researches of the processes of interregional integration and economic cooperation promoting spatial I level also to development of regions of Russia. Approbation of results of a research allows to conclude that creation of the Southern Siberian agglomeration (area) on the basis of integration of the Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions, Altai region and Altai Republic will lead to increase in potential of self-development of this macroregion and the administrative and territorial units entering him.
Resource-saving technologies of organization and production management
Authors: Dzhamaldinova M. D. , Kurdukova N. O.
Published: August 2018

Possible ways of rational using the material-technical resources are considered as factor of increasing business effectiveness and competitiveness. There are new for Russian economy ways of organization and managing the business, which supported to get extra effect of using of material-technical resources in practice.
Mechanisms of attraction of foreign direct investment to regions of the Far East: innovative approaches and results
Authors: Abramov V. L.
Published: August 2018

In this article are analyzed current problems of attraction of foreign investments into regions of the FEFD. The analysis of new innovative mechanisms of their attraction with use of preferences for the territories of the advanced development (TAD) and the regimes of the Free Port of Vladivostok (FPV) is carried out. The structure, organizational and management mechanisms for attracting of FDI, created for the social and economic development of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as the effectiveness of their activities are disclosed. Analysis of existing problems has allowed to formulate reasonable offers and recommendations on the use of new, innovative approaches in attracting of FDI. The article is prepared on the basis of the results of studies carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the state task of the Financial University in 2017.
The mechanism of formation of intellectual potential for innovative development of educational institution
Authors: Zuntova I. S.
Published: August 2018

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that effective use of intellectual potential can help achieve the basic goals of any organization: successful competition in the market, higher product quality, lower production costs, which in turn will contribute to economic growth. This is especially true for educational organizations that, in a modern knowledge and technology-oriented society, should provide innovative educational services that promote the production of highly qualified specialists. The main structural components of the mechanism of formation of the intellectual potential of the educational organization, as well as the key directions of its evaluation, are proposed.
Improving inter-budgetary relations as a factor of regional economic security
Authors: Nemirova G. I. , Mokhnatkina L. B.
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes threats to regional economic security caused by a high degree of centralization of revenues at the Federation level with decentralization of expenditure obligations. The influence of the global economy on the formation of the revenues of the federal budget and the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation is determined. On the basis of the system approach, proposals have been developed to establish targets for the formation of interbudgetary relations from the point of ensuring regional economic security.
Budget policy: trends and risks
Authors: Dementev D. V.
Published: August 2018

The issues of unity of financial terminology and mechanisms for assessing the results of management decisions in the budgetary sphere are relevant. The article summarizes the opinions of scientists on Finance and budget policy. Reviewed the provisions of the budget message of the President of Russia. The analysis of implementation of the state programs is carried out. In accordance with the Constitution, budget policy ensures the social well-being of Russian citizens.
Russian and global domain space: results and prospects
Authors: Kirilina T. Yu. , Kirilina N. A.
Published: August 2018

The article presents the results of a study of the number of national domain names per capita. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the national domain of the Russian Federation. The authors note that in terms of technology, applications and use of information technologies Russia firmly behind the developed countries and is approaching the development of the information society.
Algorithms for estimating the motion of a spacecraft from its state data
Authors: Abbasov E. M.
Published: August 2018

Control of processing processes on the state of the spacecraft (SC) is represented by schemes of the invariant control loop of a complex dynamic object. Based on the analysis of the algorithms for estimating the parameters of the translational motion of an aircraft (LA), based on the results of external trajectory measurements, an iterative Gauss-Newton procedure is formulated that implements the approach of directly finding the extremal point of the response surface described by a multidimensional function. Applied to the problem of estimating the initial conditions of motion of an aircraft. The features of the implementation of the algorithm for estimating the initial conditions of the orbital motion of the apparatus based on the method of least squares are investigated.
Methods non-redundant error-correcting coding of transmitted information and increase levels of confidence at different stages of its transmission and processing
Authors: Kukushkin S. S. , Kochemasov V. V. , Lazarenko S. V.
Published: August 2018

Technical measurements representing a measurement of higher achieved accuracy, are characterized by the fact that we have to deal with unpredictable errors caused by interference. At the same time, there remains the problem of increasing the reliability of received data and results of measurements while continuously increasing demands on transmission rate information and the reliability of the received data. The article presents a new approach to the transmission of information when using non-traditional representations received and transmitted messages.
MULTI-HOP WIRELESS NETWORKS AUTOMATED SIMULATION
Authors: Pavlov A. A. , Datyev I. O. , Shishaev M. G.
Published: August 2018

Simulation is the main way for testing technologies in the field of multi-hop wireless networks (MWN). Creating a simulation model MWN - a time-consuming task associated with the use of specialized software tools, called network simulators. In this paper, the modern experience of modeling MWN and the main problems are formulated. One of the main problem is the comparative analysis' impossibility of the experiments results conducted by various researchers. This is due to the reasons associated with the models used for testing, the planning an imitation experiment and the principal differences in the network simulators. To solve this problem, authors propose a generalized conceptual model of MWN simulation and a specialized software package that automates the execution of experiment series in a heterogeneous modeling environment.
Visual declarative-algorithmic language «InteloGraf» in rocket space technology
Authors: Sinyugin N. P.
Published: August 2018

The application of the visual declarative-algorithmic language «InteloGraf» in rocket and space technology (as a method «Programming without programmers») is considered.
Online Education: Technology Overview and Outlook for the Future
Authors: Kharlamova E. S.
Published: August 2018

An overview of information technologies used in online education is given. The most promising directions were noted, as well as the necessary and sufficient conditions for their introduction into everyday life. Technologies with full and selective interactivity, intelligent training systems, information modeling technologies, hypertext learning systems are considered. The problems that the teachers inevitably encounter when submitting theoretical material are shown. The ways of the decision on overcoming the language barrier which can arise at acquaintance with electronic variants of training of the developed countries of the world are outlined. A forecast for the future is made for online education. Particular attention is paid to preparing the ground for the development of online education directly in our university.
Software for implementing distance education technologies
Authors: Mokrova N. V. , Mokrov A. M.
Published: August 2018

The system of online broadcasting of multimedia presentations is proposed. The main advantages are the cross-platform solution and data processing speed. These features achieved due to the use of modern technologies as HTML5, JavaScript, NoSQL MongoDB database and PDF. Elaborated software product allows to broadcast using native browser. Users' authentication and the possibility of the author’s corrections on the fly are also represented to improve the quality of training.
Actual problems of development and implementation of an automated control system for urban passenger transport
Authors: Ponachugin A. V. , Sokolov V. A.
Published: August 2018

Creation of an automated control system for transport allows to increase management efficiency transport and effectiveness of monitoring on the basis of harmonious functioning and development of information and technological resources of branch and creation of a common information space of a transport complex. Object of research is the automated control system on city passenger transport. An object of a research are the automated control systems used in a services sector. The novelty of a research consists in application of system approach to design of an information system and consideration not only technological, but also economic factors.
Thin-film magnetoresistive sensors and measuring transducers of magnetic induction
Authors: Sukhanov V. I. , Grabov A. B.
Published: August 2018

The article presents some features of thin-film magnetoresistive magnetic induction sensors ММКК247, ММКК247-01, МЧЭ033 and the digital measurement gauge МРД009 that was developed in JSC NPO IT for aviation and cosmic apparatus navigation systems.
Machine training to the distribution of tasks in the multi-agent robotic system in the elimination of emergency situations
Authors: Vilisov V. Ya.
Published: August 2018

An algorithm for machine learning of a transport type model is presented for the optimal distribution of tasks in a heterogeneous group of robots operating in an automatic mode without operator participation. It is assumed that the model is trained by an experienced operator in a landfill environment adequate to a real emergency situation in which robots are to perform operations. According to the configured model in a real setting, tasks can be distributed according to a supervisory or decentralized control scheme. Training can be carried out and in the process of the regular operation of robots. In this case, the use of the learning model allows you to split the configuration tuning circuits and the assignment of tasks, which enables the robots and the operator to function at their own natural pace.
Characteristics of Colon-Derived Uremic Solutes
Authors: Mair Robert D. , Sirich Tammy L. , Plummer Natalie S. , Meyer Timothy W.
Published: August 2018

Background and objectives

Colon microbial metabolism produces solutes that are normally excreted in the urine and accumulate in the plasma when the kidneys fail. This study sought to further identify and characterize human colon-derived uremic solutes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Colon-derived solutes normally excreted in the urine were identified by comparing urine from controls (n=17) and patients with total colectomies (n=12), using an established metabolomic platform. Colon-derived solutes that accumulate in kidney failure were then identified by comparing the plasma of the control patients with that of patients on dialysis (n=14).

Results

Ninety-one urinary solutes were classified as colon-derived on the basis of the finding of a urine excretion rate at least four-fold higher in control patients than in patients with total colectomies. Forty-six were solutes with known chemical structure, 35 of which had not previously been identified as colon-derived. Sixty of the colon-derived solutes accumulated in the plasma of patients with ESKD to a degree greater than urea and were therefore classified as uremic. The estimated urinary clearance for 27 out of the 32 colon-derived solutes for which clearance could be calculated exceeded that of creatinine, consistent with tubular secretion. Sulfatase treatment revealed that 42 out of the 91 colon-derived solutes detected were likely conjugates.

Conclusions

Metabolomic analysis identified numerous colon-derived solutes that are normally excreted in human urine. Clearance by tubular secretion limits plasma levels of many colon-derived solutes.
THE FIBRINOLYTIC ALTERATION ASSOCIATED WITH DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF SILDENAFIL
Authors: Hassan Fathelrahman M
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the fibrinolytic alteration associated with daily administration of sildenafil.Methods: A total of 12 adult male rabbits without mortality rate had been fed standard and subdivided into four groups; their average weight was 1.5, 2.5, 1.9, and 2 kg randomly selected during the period of March 2012–July 2013. Depending on weight, the control groups (2.25 mg/1.5 kg day) and sildenafil groups (3 mg/2 kg/day, 2.85 mg/1.9 kg/day, and 1.7 mg/2.5 kg/day) were injected by normal saline and sildenafil concentration, respectively to create four groups, every group was composed of three rabbits; saline rabbit (control group, n=3) and sildenafil rabbits (sildenafil group, n=9). All rabbit’s plasma samples have been investigated for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), prothrombin fragment 1+2, tissues plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin antiplasmin (PAP), plasminogen, and D-dimer after 24 h of administration.Results: The PAP level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased following sildenafil injection. Sildenafil-injected (3 mg/ml) rabbits had decreased the means of PAI-1 and mean tPA, as early as 1-day post-injection, with a considerable lower PAP first determined 3 days after injection that continued into each rabbit 2 and 3.Conclusion: Better strategies are to initiate and manipulate this drug ought to reduce the chance of each thrombosis and hemorrhage, at the same time as minimizing the need for laboratory monitoring with the aid of the use of PAI-1, tPA, and PAP checks.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS INFLUENCING EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF METHOTREXATE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: B Premkumar
Published: August 2018

Objective: This review will summarize pharmacogenetic studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding enzymes of methotrexate (MTX) pathway, related to its response and toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, this review focuses on the racial and ethnic differences in distribution of the polymorphisms in genes related to efficacy and toxicity of MTX in RA.Methods: Articles were searched using Pubmed database using the search term “pharmacogenetics and MTX and arthritis.” The search revealed 72 articles, of which 27 were given special importance, due to open-access.Results: Many genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms are investigated in this context, and the highlighting genes are ATP-binding cassette proteins (ABCB1) reduced folate carrier (RFC), methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), serine hydroxyl methyltransferase (SHMT), 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotidetransformylase (ATIC), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methionine synthase (MS), adenosine monophosphate deaminase1 (AMPD1), inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA). The study highlighted RFC-1 80AA, ITPA 94CC, and AMPD1 347CC as responders. The allelic types prone to toxicity were MTHFR 677TT, MTRR 2756AA, MS 66GG, SHMT 1420CC, ATIC 347GG, and thymidylate synthase *3/*2. The genotypes reported as non-responders were ABCB1 3434TT, MTHFR 1298AA, DHFR A317G, GGH 16CC, and GGH 401TT.Conclusion: Although these studies highlight inconsistency in results, due to the difference in sample size and assessment parameters and racial and ethnic differences, larger prospective studies are essential to reach the cornerstone of the concept of personalized medicine.
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES: ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFICACY OF CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA ROOT EXTRACTS
Authors: Vtk Saranya , S Uma Gowrie
Published: August 2018

Objective: The current study was aimed to investigate the potential phytoconstituents from Casuarina equisetifolia root extract. Qualitative, quantitative and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. equisetifolia using various solvents of root extract was also carried out to characterize the presence of various bioactive compounds in the root. The research work was also targeted to reveal the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of the root extract of C. equisetifolia.Methods: Root samples of C. equisetifolia were collected from Nimilenchery village, Pondicherry Union territory. The qualitative screening of the root extracts was carried out to check the presence of various phytoconstituents which was then followed by the quantitative analysis of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Further, the phytochemicals in the root extract were evaluated using GC-MS studies. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed by the agar well diffusion method using aqueous and organic solvent-based root extract against four different bacterial pathogens. In vitro antioxidant assay of different solvent extracts was elucidated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. Anti-inflammatory potential was also studied using protein denaturation of albumin.Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents which is of greater biological importance. Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) phenolic compound content (68.64±0.25 mg GAE/g of extract), quercetin equivalent flavonoid content (29.09±0.14 mg of QUE/g of extract), tannic acid equivalent (TAE) tannin content (51±0.42 mg TAE/g of extract), and terpenoid content (5.2%) were found to be significant in the methanol root extract of C. equisetifolia when compared with other solvents. GC-MS analysis revealed different peaks indicating the presence of different secondary metabolites. Prominent antibacterial activity was observed in methanol extract of root, with maximum zone of inhibition exhibited against Proteus vulgaris (23.45±0.28 mm). The methanol root extract was most effective with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 52.74±0.65 μg/ml for DPPH and 64.94±0.24 μg/ml for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Maximum absorbance was observed by 80 μg/ml (IC50 51.79±0.26 μg/ml) of methanol root extract with respect to reducing power assay. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity had maximum inhibition of 84.6±0.26 with IC50 value of 33.6±0.23 μg/ml at 80 μg/ml.Conclusion: From this study, it is revealed that the species of C. equisetifolia is a source of potential phytoconstituents exhibiting significantly various biological activities leading to the development of novel drug.
INFLUENCE OF DOSAGE ON RETENTION IN PATIENTS METHADONE MAINTENANCE THERAPY PROGRAM FOR MAINTENANCE PHASE OF H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Rambe Robiatun , Harahap Urip , Julita Tarigan Citra
Published: August 2018

Objective: This study aims to see the effect of methadone dose on patient retention in following the program.Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical study with cross-sectional study design. Data obtained from the patient’s medical record and patient’s primary data. The study was conducted at Methadone Clinic of H.Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Results: The number of research samples is injecting drug users who follow PTRM as many as 39 people. From a study of 39 patients, the percentage of male patients (100%) was obtained; age between 25 and 35 years (64.1%); junior high school education equal to 84.6%; already married 46.2%; already working 69.2%; and the distance of the average residence with the clinic is 16.93 km. The results showed that the smallest maintenance dose of maintenance phase was 2 mg; the largest maintenance dose in the maintenance phase was 165 mg; the mean maintenance stage dose of 62.35 mg with a retention value >2 years or more (>730 days) was 79.5%.Conclusion: There was a significant effect on retention which is the biggest maintenance dose with p=0.04 value and take home dose with p=0.027. Percentage of drug use and other substances that is benzodiazepines (BZO) (64,1%); amphetamines (AMP) (38.5%); methamphetamine (MET) (20.5%); and THC (20.5%). There was no significant effect between the use of other substance to retention with p value of BZO (0.389); p AMP (0.360); p MET (0.195); and p THC (0.470). It can be concluded that the greater the dose of methadone has an effect on its retention.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF IN VITRO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF RHODODENDRON ARBOREUM LEAVES
Authors: Rawat Pramod , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Navin , Rai Nishant
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to analyze phytoconstituents in Rhododendron arboreum leaves (qualitatively and quantitatively) and to estimate the immunomodulatory effects of extracts using different in vitro methods for intracellular and phagocytic killing potency of neutrophils, which are subsequent, involved in the process of phagocytosis by neutrophils.Methods: R. arboreum leaves extracts were separately extracted in 100% methanol, 50% methanol, and aqueous by a hot percolation technique using Soxhlet apparatus and concentrated with a vacuum rotary evaporator apparatus. The percentage yield of the extracts wares calculated. The extract was used to analyze phytoconstituents qualitatively, and total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated. In another study, already purified methanolic extract of R. arboreum leaves, namely cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-3) (kaempferol), RAM fr2, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-10) (ursolic acid) was used to evaluate immunomodulatory activities by nitroblue tetrazolium test, phagocytosis of killed Candida albicans.Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals, i.e., phytosterols, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, carbohydrate, glycoside, sterols and steroids, terpenoids, and tannin while saponin was absent in all extract. The percent yield of leaves extract was 12.97%. Total phenolic content (TPC) expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ranged 1327.5±0.009 (in 100% methanolic extract), 1309.5±0.011 (in 50% methanolic), and 1468.5±0.006 mg GAE g−1 dry weight (in aqueous extract). Total flavonoid content expressed as rutin equivalents (RE) ranged 219±0.025 (in 100% methanolic extract), 184±0.02 (in 50% methanolic), and 262±0.58 mg (in aqueous extract) mg RE g−1 dry weight. R. arboreum purified extract CMS-3 (kaempferol), RAM fr2, and TMS-10 (ursolic acid) stimulated the neutrophils to phagocytic activity to the extent of 67.67±2.08%, 40.3±1.5%, and 79.67±0.57%, respectively. The above-said extracts stimulated the phagocytosis of killed C. albicans. The mean particle numbers for CMS- 3, RAM fr2, and TMS-10 were found to be 6.7, 6.3, and 7, respectively, at concentration 1 mg/ml.Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of all the extracts showed the presence of various phytochemicals that are biologically important. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the plant are comparable to other medicinal plants. Even though the enormous progress on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of R. arboreum have been made, there still require more conclusive studies on the safety, efficacy, and in vivo toxicity of extracts and pure compounds to gain a better understanding.
TOTAL ANKLE REPLACEMENT FOR TREATMENT OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE TALUS
Authors: Tan Jin Aun , Bajuri Mohd Yazid , Leong Juzaily Fekry , Kb Levin , Alias Azammuddin
Published: August 2018

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of talus is a well-known complication following talar neck fracture that leads to osteoarthritis of the ankle joint. Tibiotalar fusion is the gold standard of treatment in end-stage ankle osteoarthritis with predictable good outcome. With the introduction of newer generation of total ankle replacement (TAR), it is gaining popularity as an alternative treatment in selected cases of ankle joint osteoarthritis secondary to AVN talus. We present here a case of ankle joint osteoarthritis secondary to AVN talus in a 30-year-old female in which a TAR was performed. We wish to highlight that TAR can be done in ankle joint osteoarthritis with AVN talus in properly selected cases.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FACTORS ON FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS IN WOMEN OF HA’IL REGION IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Kundur Ramadevi , Reddy Lingala Kalyan Viswanath , Alrshedi Abeer Rawaf Moayd
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) among the women population of the Ha’il region in Saudi Arabia. It also includes the analysis of the effect of dietary factors on FGIDs and to evaluate if any significant correlation exists between the type of diet and FGIDs.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Maternity and Children’s Hospital and Ha’il General Hospital in the Ha’il Province of Saudi Arabia with 501 random women patients who had visited these hospitals. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS-21.Results: In this study, 50% of the women population in Ha’il had at least one of the FGIDs. Acidity (14.4%) is the prominent FGID followed by gas (11.8%) and abdominal pain (11.4%). The FGIDs increase with age, irrespective of dietary factors. Gas formation was observed to be significantly correlated with age (p<0.05), and unhealthy diet was highly correlated to acidity (p<0.01) and gas formation (p<0.01).Conclusion: FGIDs were observed to be considerably lower if a healthy diet was maintained at least up to 40 years of age. High fiber and protein-rich diet along with fresh fruits and vegetables are known to reduce FGID symptoms to a great extent; hence, dietary changes along with physical activity could help reduce the occurrence of FGIDs.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES ON METFORMIN: A STUDY FROM NORTHERN REGION OF UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Authors: Shahwan Moayad , Hassan Nageeb , Noshi Adel
Published: August 2018

Objectives: This study focused on the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in UAE patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were treated with or without metformin.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 213 patients having diabetes type II were randomly selected to be part of the study in Northern Regions of the UAE, from June 2014 to February 2015. The patients aged >45 years and who had taken metformin for at least 3 months were recruited with regular follow-up at the outpatient clinic. The patients were included in a survey after which they had their serum B12 levels measured. Serum B12 levels <150 pg/ml are defined as the B12 deficiency.Results: About 48% of diabetic patients had confirmed the B12 insufficiency through laboratory tests. The patients on metformin had statistically lower values of B12 (p=0.002). The majority of participants n (%) took metformin had neuropathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, numbness or paresthesia, and depression, or mood changes 140 (70%), 183 (91.5%), 134 (67%), 136 (68%), 161 (80.5%), and 120 (60%), respectively.Conclusion: Our study shows that for the patients with T2DM, long-term treatment with metformin is associated with higher chances of developing Vitamin B12 deficiency. Clinicians should, therefore, recognize this significant element and should screen diabetics who are on metformin treatment for any B12 insufficiency, which may be hidden, especially patients coming with neurologic symptoms.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND FORCE DEGRADATION STUDIES FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SALBUTAMOL SULFATE, ETOFYLLINE AND BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM USING REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD
Authors: Rao Nutan , Gawde Kajal D
Published: August 2018

Objective: The present study describes the stability indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of salbutamol sulfate (SAL), etofylline (ETO), and bromhexine hydrochloride (BROM) in pharmaceutical dosage forms.Methods: The proposed RP-HPLC method was developed using Shimadzu prominence-i LC-2030 HPLC system equipped with ultraviolet (UV) detector and chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically using Shim-pack C18 (250 mm×4.6mm, 5 μ) column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and the run time was 13 min. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: 0.1M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (35:65) with pH adjusted to 3.0 and eluents were scanned using UV detector at 225 nm.Result: The retention time of SAL, ETO, and BROM was found to be 2.319 min, 2.698 min, and 10.329 min, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration ranges of 1.6–3.2 μg/ml, 160–320 μg/ml, and 6.4–12.8 μg/ml for SAL, ETO, and BROM, respectively.Conclusion: The stability indicating method was developed by subjecting the drugs to stress conditions such as acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, humidity, and photo- and thermal degradation and the degraded products formed were resolved successfully from the samples. Therefore, the proposed method can be used as a more convenient and efficient option for the simultaneous estimation of all the three drugs in bulk and combined
HIGHLY EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 2,4-DISUBSTITUTED OXAZOLES THROUGH PALLADIUM/COPPER COMEDIATED DIRECT ARYLATION REACTION
Authors: Regalla Venkata Reddy , Addada Rama Krishnam Raju , Puli Venkat Swamy , Saxena Abhishek S , Chatterjee Anindita
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study is to synthesize 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles through palladium/copper comediated direct arylation reaction.Methods: 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles (3a-i) have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-substituted oxazole with aryl bromide in the presence of KOH , CuI and Pd(PPh3)4 in dimethoxyethane. Titled compounds (3a-i) were obtained in good yields using an expedient two-step synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles from commercially available starting materialsResults: The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral studies. This method can be an efficient method for the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles (3a-i).Conclusion: Pd(PPh3)4 and CuI cocatalytic system direct arylation of 4-aryl/alkyl oxazoles with various aryl bromides has been developed to generate 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles. The high functional group tolerance and the speed of the reaction afford this method appropriate for the combinatorial synthesis of a variety of 2,4-disubstituted oxazoles.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CEFIXIME TRIHYDRATE TOPICAL GEL FOR WOUND INFECTIONS
Authors: Srinivasan Uma Shankar Marakanam , Vishnu Vishnu , Sharmila Sharmila , Kumar Amod
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate topical gel loaded with cefixime trihydrate, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial wound infections.Methods: The cefixime trihydrate gel was formulated using polymers such as Carbopol 940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E4M in varying concentrations. Three different formulations were prepared and characterized physically for color, syneresis, spreadability, pH, drug content, and rheological properties. In vitro drug release in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and antibacterial study were performed for the gel formulation to evaluate its therapeutic effect on wound infections.Results: The study demonstrated that the gel formulations showed promising results on their physical evaluation tests. The rheology behavior of the gel was shear-thinning flow type which indicated easy spreading of the gel. The drug release of the gel formulation F2 was selected as the best due to its highest drug release rate of 32.2% in comparison with the other two formulations after 2 h of the study. F2 formulation possessed the highest antibacterial activity as compared to other two formulations.Conclusion: A pioneering work was done on formulating cefixime trihydrate as a gel for topical administration. The antibacterial effect of the drug as gel formulation showed promising effect. We conclude that the cefixime trihydrate could be successively loaded into a gel formulation and can be used for effectively for wound infections like diabetic foot wounds.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIORS TOWARD ANTIBIOTICS OF NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS JOUF UNIVERSITY, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Mostafa-hedeab Gomaa
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of non-medical students, Jouf University toward antibiotic.Methods: Data were collected from male and female students using a self-prepared questionnaire then tabulated and analyzed using SPSS program.Results: This study included 1035 students; 573 (55.3%) male and 462 (44.6%) female, aged (21.5±2.2) years. About 533 (51.5%) used antibiotic during the year 2015. 705 (68.12%) of the student display wrong answer regarding the uses of the antibiotic. 53.5% depending on the previous prescription on self-medicated antibiotic (SAM), followed by their experience (14.5%) and pharmacy advice (11.3%). 45.9% did not have any idea about the antibiotic name they used. Majority of the students (62.6%) stop antibiotic once improvement is achieved, whereas (28.1%) complete the course till the end of the last dose. 75.4% of the studied populations saving at least one antibiotic at home while 62.7% sharing antibiotic with others. 35.3% of the studied population did not experienced antibiotic-related side effects, while 19.3% experience nausea. About 57.6% believed that broad spectrum is better than narrow-spectrum antibiotic, 70.4% deny that higher doses enhance recovery, (57.3%) believes that low dose decrease side effect. 51.9% depend on their good medical knowledge for SMA, while 20.3% was to save time, 18.8% dependent on pharmacy expert where only 9% was to save money cost.Conclusion: The majority of the sample had a fair level of knowledge in relation to antibiotics. Initiation of national program and campaigns toward antibiotic uses to raise the public awareness about the hazardous of antibiotic misuse/abuse is essential to decrease the gap between antibiotic use and attitude.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTICANCER POTENTIALS FROM MARINE RED ALGAE GRACILARIA CORTICATA
Authors: P Jayasree , R Thiruchelvi , P Balashanmugam
Published: August 2018

Objective: The present study was to evaluate the biological activity of Red algae, Gracilaria corticata, collected from the southeast coast of Mandapam, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu. Seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds. Seaweeds are highly diverse group of organism from secondary metabolites of the natural source are a potential source. The marine seaweed is the interesting group of their broad spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer.Methods: The antibacterial activity of G. corticata was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by disk diffusion method. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was employed to study the anticancer activity against (MDA-MB 231) human breast cancer cell line.Results: The DPPH assay screening of methanolic extract of G. corticata showed specific activity of inhibition. In antibacterial shows the growth of two virulent strains of pathogenic bacteria, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. In anticancer activity obtained results indicated that the methanol extracts of G. corticata were cytotoxic against (MDA-MB231) human breast cancer cell.Conclusion: These results show that G. corticata has a great biological potential, which could be considered for future uses in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics purpose.
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS ON ANTI-INFLAMMATORY NATURAL MEDICINES
Authors: Das Sayanna , Mandal Sudip Kumar
Published: August 2018

New anti-inflammatory substances are still vitally necessary due to intolerable side effects of the marketed anti-inflammatory drugs; however, the search for the novel entity against inflammation is challenging because of the complexity of the inflammatory process and its role in host defense to infections. Nature is the source of remedies for the mankind. Among the different biological activities of natural products that have been published till date, anti-inflammation is one of the most reported effects. In this review, we have discussed the current (2009–2018) information of some single natural products (quercetin, parthenolide, resveratrol, curcumin, cucurbitacin, capsicin, 1,8-cineole, bromelain, boswellic acid, lyprinol, and coumarin), plant products (garlic, ginger, papaya, blueberry, aloe, broccoli, olive, and rosemary), and non-plant products (marine sponges, mushrooms, and honey) having anti-inflammatory effects. Current information is mainly based on the molecular mechanisms of the above-mentioned products.
EFFECT OF DILLENIA INDICA L. AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES MICE MODEL
Authors: Sahariah Plabita , Bora Jutishna , Syiem Donkupar , Bhan Surya
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antioxidative properties of Dillenia indica fruits.Methods: Aqueous fruit extract and methanolic fruit extract (MFE) were prepared, and preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. Diabetic mice were prepared with alloxan (150 mg/kg) body weight (b.w.). Antihyperglycemic study of short duration was carried out with doses (150–550) mg/kg b.w. of MFE in diabetic mice. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) activity assays and histopathological analysis were done in heart tissue of mice.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the phytoconstituents were strongly present in the MFE and therefore was considered for further studies. From the antihyperglycemic study, it was found that 350 mg/kg b.w. dose was the most effective in reduction of blood glucose level. A significant increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes was observed in the MFE-treated group. From the histopathological studies, it was observed that detrimental effects of oxidative stress were attenuated in the treated group.Conclusion: Concluding the studies, it could be ascertained that D. indica fruits were found to be quite effective in proving its potential against hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, and therefore, the fruits could be considered to be of therapeutic value in diabetes.
A REVIEW: A GREEN APPROACH FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Haqq Shyla Marjorie , Chattree Amit
Published: August 2018

This review is based on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a green approach which is biofabricated from various medicinal plants. AgNPs were prepared from the various parts of the plants such as the flowers, stems, leaves, and fruits. Various physiochemical characterizations were performed using the ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. AgNPs were also used to inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens and were found to be effective against both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. For the silver to have antimicrobial properties, it must be present in the ionized form. All the forms of silver-containing compounds with the observed antimicrobial properties are in one way or another source of silver ions. Although the antimicrobial properties of silver have been known, it is thought that the silver atoms bind to the thiol groups in enzymes and subsequently leads to the deactivation of enzymes. For the silver to have antimicrobial properties, it must be present in the ionized form. The study suggested that the action of the AgNPs on the microbial cells resulted into cell lysis and DNA damage. AgNPs have proved their candidature as a potential antibacterial against the multidrug-resistant microbes. The biological agents for synthesizing AgNPs cover compounds produced naturally in microbes and plants. Reaction parameters under which the AgNPs were being synthesized hold prominent impact on their size, shape, and application. Silver nanoparticle synthesis and their application are summarized and critically discussed in this review.