bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesquisa (auto) biográfica, educação e saúde docente: escritas de formação e refiguração identitária
Authors: Souza Elizeu Clementino de , Sousa Rosiane Costa de
Published: September 2021

O texto sistematiza questões relacionadas à pesquisa (auto)biográfica no campo da Educação, centrando-se na discussão da escrita do diário como dispositivo de pesquisa-formação e suas implicações com condições de trabalho e adoecimento docente. Objetiva-se ampliar o debate sobre possibilidades do uso do método (auto)biográfico e desafios na contemporaneidade, especialmente, no que se refere ao fenômeno do adoecimento docente e a suas interfaces com o mundo do trabalho. Utilizamos como corpus de análise diários de cinco professores, analisando-os numa perspectiva interpretativa-compreensiva. As narrativas dos docentes, construídas nos diários, evidenciam experiências do adoecer e suas interfaces com condições objetivas e subjetivas do trabalho, inscritas num projeto de refiguração da vida-profissão, mediado pela escrita de si como dispositivo de resistência, de aprendizagens com a doença e disposições de cuidado de si.
White Matter Hyperintensity Burden and Collateral Circulation in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Derraz Imad , Abdelrady Mohamed , Gaillard Nicolas , Ahmed Raed , Cagnazzo Federico , Dargazanli Cyril , Lefevre Pierre-Henri , Corti Lucas , Riquelme Carlos , Mourand Isabelle , Gascou Gregory , Bonafe Alain , Arquizan Caroline , Costalat Vincent
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

White matter hyperintensity (WMH), a marker of chronic cerebral small vessel disease, might impact the recruitment of leptomeningeal collaterals. We aimed to assess whether the WMH burden is associated with collateral circulation in patients treated by endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:

Consecutive acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and treated with endovascular thrombectomy from January 2015 to December 2017 were included. WMH volumes (periventricular, deep, and total) were assessed by a semiautomated volumetric analysis on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery–magnetic resonance imaging. Collateral status was graded on baseline catheter angiography using the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology grading system (good when ≥3). We investigated associations of WMH burden with collateral status.

Results:

A total of 302 patients were included (mean age, 69.1±19.4 years; women, 55.6%). Poor collaterals were observed in 49.3% of patients. Median total WMH volume was 3.76 cm
3
(interquartile range, 1.09–11.81 cm
3
). The regression analyses showed no apparent relationship between WMH burden and the collateral status measured at baseline angiography (adjusted odds ratio, 0.987 [95% CI, 0.971–1.003];
P
=0.12).

Conclusions:

WMH burden exhibits no overt association with collaterals in large vessel occlusive stroke.
Prediction for cloud spacing confirmed using stereo cameras
Authors: Öktem Ruşen , Romps David M.
Published: September 2021

Using three years of the Clouds Optically Gridded by Stereo (COGS) product, the mean cloud base, cloud top, cloud width, and cloud spacing are described with respect to their seasonal and/or diurnal evolution at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. In addition to confirming and extending prior results, the data show that the effective diameter of shallow cumuli are approximately equal to the height above ground of the lifting condensation level (LCL). Furthermore, the cloud spacing is found to closely match a prediction by Thuburn and Efstathiou for the horizontal scale of the largest unstable eddies in an unsheared convective boundary layer.
Effect of Visual Multimedia as a Counseling Intervention for Improving Classroom Concentration Among Young Students in Northern Nigeria who Survived Kidnapping
Authors: Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya Amaka B. , Anselm U Anibueze , Odoh Nneka S. , Odoh George C. , Oyeoku Eke Kalu , Verlumun Celestine Gever , Obodo Eva
Published: September 2021

Limited literature exists on how to improve classroom concentration (CC) of survivors of kidnapping. The current study extends the literature in this direction through a quasi-experiment involving 470 schoolchildren (SC) who survived kidnapping in the last one year. The result of the study showed that SC who received counseling through a visual multimedia (VM) package reported more CC than their counterparts who received counseling through face-to-face setting. The study concludes that VM is a cost-effective way of improving CC of SC who are survivors of kidnapping.
Data Mountain: Self-Monitoring, Goal Setting, and Positive Attributions to Enhance the Oral Reading Fluency of Elementary Students With or at Risk for Reading Disabilities
Authors: Didion Lisa , Toste Jessica R.
Published: September 2021

Data Mountain is a self-determination program that has shown early promise in enhancing the oral reading fluency (ORF) of students with or at risk for reading disabilities (RD). This program supports self-determined learning behaviors through explicit teaching of self-monitoring, goal setting, and positive attributions. The present study tested the effects of Data Mountain on the ORF of 81 students with or at risk for RD in second through fifth grades, randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Data Mountain delivered in small groups, Data Mountain delivered individually, or a comparison condition. Results from hierarchical linear modeling indicated that treatment students read an average of 31 more words per minute with a growth rate twice that of comparison students ( p < .01). The transferable possibilities of Data Mountain to provide students with an opportunity to learn self-determination skills and support ORF is significant to the field of special education.
Simulation research on the protection performance of fall protection net at the end of truck escape ramp
Authors: Qin Pinpin , Hou Xiaolei , Zhang Shaokun , Zhang Shunfeng , Huang Junming
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Although the fall protection net installed at the end of the truck escape ramp has a protective effect on trucks and drivers, but lacks sufficient theoretical basis and verification method.

Objectives:

The primary objective of this paper was to design a fall protection net that meets the regulations and research its protection performance.

Methods:

The finite-element method was used to design the overall size, material, mesh length, mesh type, shape, and supporting structure of the fall protection net installed at the end of truck escape ramp, then dummy and truck models were used to impact the fall protection net to verify the rationality of the design. After the design completed, the truck model was used to impact the fall protection net twice to research the cumulative protection performance.

Results:

A fall protection net with a width of 6000 mm, a span of 6000 mm, a depth of 5196 mm, a mesh length of 150 mm, a mesh type of diamond mesh, a shape of 60-degree V-shaped, a supporting structure of steel pipe supporting has a better effect on energy absorption and protection. Within the two consecutive impacts, the residual plastic deformation and stress of the fall protection net generated in the first impact severely affect the protection performance in the second impact.

Conclusion:

It is feasible to use the finite-element method to design and research the fall prevention net installed at the end of the truck escape ramp, and the fall protection net can indeed protect the trucks and drivers, and it should be inspected and maintained after impact to ensure the protective performance in subsequent use.
A hybrid forecasting model for ageing breast deformation during yoga practice
Authors: Zhou Jie , Chen Jianming , Lau Newman , Mao Qian , Gong Zidan , Liu Yang , Yip Joanne , Yu Winnie , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2021

In this work, the deformation of bilateral breasts was investigated with an established hybrid model to predict the nipple movement specifically for senior women during yoga exercise. A motion capture system was used to collect the displacement of 10 markers on the breasts from 11 senior women (average age of 62) during yoga practice and then the data were analyzed by integrating the absolute grey relation analysis (AGRA) and extreme learning machine (ELM). The right and left breasts had the maximum motion amplitude in the horizontal direction but they were respectively featured with contraction and extension during yoga practice. AGRA showed that the nipple motion was highly associated with the vertical region above the nipple for the left breast but the parallel region along with the nipple for the right breast. The ELM model is able to predict the nipple movement within tolerable error (∼0.0037). This study lays a foundation for a better understanding of ageing breast kinematics during yoga poses with limited practical experiments. Besides, the accurate and efficient results can be used not only for yoga pose instruction but also for ergonomic sports bra design.
Ultralow emission micro-printing process for PET fibers using liquid disperse dye
Authors: Ai Li , Cao Hongmei , Zhu Yawei
Published: September 2021

The commercial powder disperse dye used for printing polyester fabrics exhibits many environmentally-unfriendly properties, especially the associated high wastewater emission. In this study, three kinds of liquid disperse dyes (C.I. Disperse Blue 291:1, (L-DB); C.I. Disperse Red 179, (L-DR), and C.I. Disperse Orange 30, (L-DO)), two kinds of binders (A and/or B), and a micro-printing process, were applied to polyester fabric, with the goal of reducing freshwater consumption while maintaining color fastness. The influences of rheological and printing performance and color fastness were studied. Home-made liquid dyes of L-DB, L-DR and L-DO were found to exhibit higher color depth, excellent color fastness, and ultralow emission of wastewater and waste residual during the micro-printing process. The binder comprised of silicone-modified polyacrylate was observed to increase dye uptake, reduce dye sublimation, and improve color fastness. The liquid dyes of L-DB, L-DR and L-DO also exhibit stable and better rheological properties, which appeared to have little effect on the viscosity of printing pastes when compared with commercial powder disperse dye of Blue 3GFL (C.I. Disperse Blue 291:1), Red 2B (C.I. Disperse Red 179) and Yellow brown S-4RL (C.I. Disperse Orange 30), respectively. Results of this micro-printing process indicated that it is an environmentally clean production technology.
The Sovereign’s Beatitude
Authors: Balazs Zoltan
Published: September 2021

Though it may sound awkward to ask whether the political sovereign is happy or unhappy, the question is relevant to political theory, especially within a political theological perspective. Because man was created in the image of God, human happiness needs to be a reflection of divine beatitude, and as divine sovereignty is, at least analogically, related to political sovereignty, the conceptual coherence is secured. The main argument is, however, that the analogy does not hold. I shall show how St Thomas Aquinas’s short treatment of God’s beatitude may mislead us about power, fame, riches, and dignity being essential to happiness, based on an analysis of Franz Kafka’s major novel, The Castle, and a few other writings by him. I shall argue that our tradition of political thinking and behavior remains ambivalent on this issue. The political sovereign is born out of our unhappy condition, yet its power, fame, riches, and glory suggests to us that it has appropriated our happiness. But for this very reason it cannot be happy, and it therefore suggests a false analogy between the divine and the political sovereign. It is fundamentally at variance with our happiness, which incites us to abandon, reject, and eventually, kill it.
Gang Membership and Gang Crime in New Zealand: A National Study Identifying Spatial Risk Factors
Authors: Breetzke Gregory D. , Curtis-Ham Sophie , Gilbert Jarrod , Tibby Che
Published: September 2021

In this exploratory study, we identify the spatial risk factors associated with gang membership and gang crime in New Zealand using social disorganization as a theoretical framework. Gang membership data from the Gang Intelligence Center and gang crime data from New Zealand Police are included in spatial regression models to identify risk factors. Overall marginal support was found for the use of social disorganization constructs to explain gang membership and gang crime in New Zealand. Higher deprivation and higher diversity were both found to be associated with gang membership and gang crime, respectively. Some similarities and notable differences were observed between our results and the mainly U.S.-centric results of past spatial gang research. This study allows for a greater understanding of the generalizability of the social disorganization theory to explain gang membership and gang crime in areas with markedly different cultural perspectives and ethnocentricities to the United States.
A Case of Clinically Diagnosed ANCA Negative Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Walkden Alexander , Salem Mohammed , Stavrakas Marios , Khalil Hisham
Published: September 2021

Significance Statement

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (GPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis comprising of inflammation of small and medium-sized vessels. 1 It typically presents with involvement of the upper and lower airways as well as the kidneys. If left untreated, end-organ damage may occur. Hematological investigations typically demonstrate the presence of antinuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). 2 Here, we discuss an unusual presentation of ANCA negative GPA, presenting initially with nasal symptoms.
Municipal Takeovers: Examining State Discretion and Local Impacts in Michigan
Authors: Hughes Sara , Dick Andrew , Kopec Anna
Published: September 2021

State interventions during municipal financial emergencies can play a critical role in ensuring the continuation of public services and preventing municipal bankruptcy but have often been applied unevenly. Using a case study of municipal takeovers in Michigan, we examine their predictability based on financial stress indicators and effects on drinking water services. We find financial stress alone does not explain takeover decisions, and that a city’s reliance on state revenue and racial and economic context play a role. Cities that have been taken over are more likely to experience drinking water privatization and rate increases than similarly financially stressed cities. The malleable definition of financial distress and discretion in implementation allow takeover policies to be applied unevenly, creating additional challenges for already distressed communities. Decision makers should seek alternative approaches to municipal financial emergencies that address underlying causes while minimizing the potential for bias and significant changes to public services.
A combined protocol for improving reconstruction of scrotal skin avulsions: The experience of the University Hospital Center of Foggia
Authors: Lembo Fedele , Cecchino Liberato Roberto , Parisi Domenico , Portincasa Aurelio
Published: September 2021

Objective:

Scrotal degloving injuries are rare and constitute a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. The authors describe their successful experience with a combined reconstruction protocol using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM), negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and a split-thickness skin graft (STSG), and the retrospective assessment of overall morbidity and esthetic outcomes.

Methods:

Five consecutive patients underwent a wide excision of necrotic scrotal skin and a reconstruction procedure using a combined protocol with NPWT, Pelnac®, and STSG. The efficacy of this treatment was determined by assessing overall morbidity and esthetic outcomes with the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS).

Results:

The combined protocol made it possible to create an environment that promoted wound healing, improved graft intake, and gage the reconstructed site a more natural look. No significant problems were observed. Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were obtained in all patients as shown by VSS scores obtained.

Conclusions:

We believe that this combined protocol is a reliable alternative to flaps and should be considered an excellent option in scrotal reconstruction, especially in critical patients.
Juvenile Criminality: Evidence From Prisoners in Two Brazilian States
Authors: Bauermann Bárbara Françoise Cardoso , Shikida Pery Francisco Assis , Schlemper Alexandre Luiz
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to identify the socioeconomic context that can influence young peoples’ decision to engage in crime. The sample is composed of youngsters (aged between 18 and 23 years old) convicted or detained in an interim regime accused of property crimes, serving a sentence in Brazilian prison units. A survey with 302 respondents was conducted in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states. Logistic regression models reveal that a young people’s family composition, use a firearm, be motivated by the idea of easy gain, have a favorable attitude toward drug legalization, and consume alcohol—all factors contribute to an increased probability of the young person engage in crime. This article finalizes with a discussion of the results and policy implications.
Determination of Dyadic Adjustment, Marriage and Sexual Satisfaction as Risk Factors for Women with Lifelong Vaginismus: A Case Control Study
Authors: Çankaya Seyhan , Aslantaş Beyza Nur
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to assess dyadic adjustment, marriage, and sexual satisfaction as risk factors for women with lifelong vaginismus. This is a case-control study. A total of 142 women were included in the study: 71 women with a diagnosis of lifetime vaginismus constituted the study group and 71 women without a history of vaginismus/painful sexual activity constituted the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), the Marriage Satisfaction Scale (MSS), and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). Duration of marriage ( OR = 1.344), frequency of sexual intercourse ( OR = 0.059), marital satisfaction ( OR = 1.450), sexual satisfaction ( OR = 0.901), and consensus ( OR = 1.749), which is a sub-dimension of RDAS, were found to be risk factors increasing likelihood of vaginismus by 83% ( χ2 = 140.191, p < .001). In addition, those with low level of education, diagnosed with a psychological disorder (anxiety, depression, etc.), who found their spouse’s body disgusting, who scored lower in MAS sub-dimensions, and who received lower total score in the RDAS and its satisfaction subdimension were more likely to have vaginismus ( p < .05). Duration of marriage, sexual intercourse frequency, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and consensus are important risk factors for vaginismus. It may be incomplete to consider vaginismus only as a vaginal penetration problem. Women’s demographic characteristics, dyadic adjustment, and marital and sexual satisfaction should be handled in a holistic manner.
Populism and foreign aid
Authors: Heinrich Tobias , Kobayashi Yoshiharu , Lawson Edward
Published: September 2021

Pundits, development practitioners, and scholars worry that rising populism and international disengagement in developed countries have negative consequences on foreign aid. However, how populism and foreign aid go together is not well understood. This paper provides the first systematic examination of this relationship. We adopt the popular ideational definition of populism, unpack populism into its core “thin” elements, and examine them within a delegation model of aid policy—a prominent framework in the aid literature. In so doing, we identify specific domestic political processes through which the core components of populism may affect aid spending. We argue that increases in one component of populism—anti-elitism—and in nativist sentiments, an associated concept, in a donor country lead to a reduction in aid spending through a public opinion channel. We supply both micro- and macro-evidence for our arguments by fielding surveys in the United States and United Kingdom as well as by analyzing aid spending by a large number of OECD donors. Our findings show that nativism and anti-elitism, rather than populism per se, influence not only individual attitudes toward aid but also actual aid policy and generate important insights into how to address populist challenges to foreign aid. Beyond these, our study contributes to the broader International Relations literature by demonstrating one useful analytical approach to studying populism, nativism, and foreign policy.
An evaluation of factors associated with safe infant sleep practices among perinatal home visiting participants in Florida, United States
Authors: Dorjulus Barbara , Prieto Concha , Elger Rafaella S , Oredein Igbagbosanmi , Chandran Vidya , Yusuf Bola , Wilson Roneé , Thomas Nicholas , Marshall Jennifer
Published: September 2021

Sleep-related deaths are a leading cause of infant mortality in Florida. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants to sleep on their back, alone, and without soft bedding. Compliance with these guidelines varies among parents. This evaluation examined the rates of safe infant sleep practices and associated factors among 1985 participants enrolled in Florida Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (FL MIECHV) programs during 2017–2019. Participant- and program-level variables were examined in relation to three sleep practices: infant position, bedding, and bed-sharing at 2–3 months to determine which factors were associated with high rates of safe sleep outcomes. Analyses included univariate descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and multivariable logistic regression. Most caregivers (70%) reported always placing their babies to sleep on their back, alone, and without soft bedding. Factors such as primary language, race, education, housing situation, and year the Safe Baby™ curriculum implemented were significantly associated with safe infant sleep practices. Bearing this in mind, FL MIECHV can tailor safe sleep education, messaging, and strategies to support participants at highest risk. Recent adoption of the Safe Baby™ curriculum, and associated staff training, was an important factor influencing parents’ infant sleep practices.
Social Classifications - A New Beginning or Less of the Same?
Authors: Meier Erhard , Moy Corrine
Published: September 2021

The Government's new Socio-Economic Classification will replace the old government Social Class in the 2001 Census. Market researchers have always used their own system. The paper presents a practical assessment of the new SEC system against Social Grading by putting the new SEC matrix onto the data sets of the National Readership Survey and the British Household Panel Survey.
The Mixed Effects of Candidate Visits on Campaign Donations in the 2020 Presidential Election
Authors: Heersink Boris , Napolio Nicholas G. , Peterson Jordan Carr
Published: September 2021

Recent scholarship on the effect of candidate visits in presidential elections has found that appearances by candidates appear to mobilize both supporters and opponents. Specifically, in the 2016 presidential election, donations to campaigns of the visiting presidential candidates increased, but—in the case of Republican nominee Donald Trump—so did donations to his opponent, Hillary Clinton. In this paper, we extend this research by assessing the effect of visits on campaign donations by presidential and vice presidential candidates in the 2020 election. We find evidence that visits by Donald Trump and Kamala Harris had strong mobilizing and counter-mobilizing effects, increasing donations to both campaigns. We find weak evidence that visits by Joe Biden increased contributions to his campaign, but we do not find evidence that his visits had a counter-mobilizing effect, and we find no evidence that visits by Mike Pence affected donations in either direction.
Recreational Motorized Vehicle Use Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs Significantly Increases Odds of Craniofacial Injury
Authors: Sorenson Thomas J. , Rich Matthew D. , Lamba Abhinav , Deitermann Annika , Barta Ruth J. , Schubert Warren
Published: September 2021

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Objective:

Concurrent substance-use, including alcohol and drugs, increases the risks of many recreational activities. Our purpose was to determine the relationship between substance use and craniofacial injuries in a large population of patients experiencing trauma due to recreational motorized vehicle use.

Methods:

We report a cross-sectional study of patients reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, in the United States. Patients were included in our study if they were evaluated in the emergency department (ED) for a recreational motorized vehicle-related injury. Primary outcome was craniofacial injury.

Results:

There were a total of 6,485 adult patients who experience an injury after recreational motorized vehicle trauma reported by NEISS-participating EDs during the study period. Of this, 1,416 (21.8%) patients had a craniofacial injury, and 201 patients with craniofacial injuries were under the influence of alcohol/drugs (201/1,416; 14.2%). Injured patients under the influence of alcohol/drugs experienced greater odds of sustaining a general craniofacial injury (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 2.07-3.01, P < .0001), including craniofacial fracture (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 2.01-4.40, P < .0001), laceration (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.51-3.16, P < .00001) and internal injury (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.84-2.95, P < .00001) than injured patients not under the influence.

Conclusions:

Using recreational motorized vehicles under the influence of alcohol or drugs is not safe and increases the likelihood of craniofacial injuries, including fractures, lacerations, and internal injuries. As operating these recreational motorized vehicles under the influence is illegal, the law should be strictly enforced to prevent the occurrence of these injuries. Additional undertakings to increase helmet usage would be valuable.
Disease burden due to Group B Streptococcus in the Indian population and the need for a vaccine – a narrative review
Authors: Ghia Canna , Rambhad Gautam
Published: September 2021

Streptococcus agalactiae, a Gram-positive bacterium, causes invasive infection known as Group B streptococcal disease (GBS). It is a leading cause of neonatal death and complications prior to delivery. The burden of GBS is unknown in India despite the high incidence of preterm and stillbirths. In this study, we performed a narrative review of the available literature (published in the last 10 years) on the epidemiology of GBS, using PubMed and Google Scholar, to understand its impact in India and evaluate potential strategies to prevent the disease in the high-risk population, that is, neonates. The review showed that the incidence of early- and late-onset GBS in neonates (per 1000 live births) was in the ranges of 0.090–0.68 and 0.0–0.07 respectively. The overall case fatality rate reported in only one study was 0.63. In pregnant women, the prevalence of GBS colonization was 2–62% and its transmission to their newborns varied from 6.7% to 11.1%. The serotype distribution of GBS is unclear, but some studies reported the distribution of types Ia, Ib, II, III, V, VII among pregnant women in India. The associated risk factors for GBS colonization in pregnant women are unclear but a few studies suggest the role of age and multigravida, while the risk factors in neonates include preterm birth, prolonged rupture of membrane (⩾18 h), maternal fever, obstetric complications, and prolonged labor >18 h. Screening of GBS is not a routine practice in India and intrapartum antibiotics prophylaxis is limited to only in risk conditions to prevent neonatal disease transmission. A few studies also suggest that high birth rate, poor detection methods, and financial constraints limit routine GBS screening in a developing country such as India. Hence, maternal vaccination is the most promising strategy to prevent neonatal GBS and Pfizer’s hexavalent GBS conjugate vaccine (GBS6) is being developed for GBS neonatal disease.
Platelet FcγRIIA-induced serotonin release exacerbates the severity of transfusion-related acute lung injury in mice
Authors: El Mdawar Marie-Belle , Maître Blandine , Magnenat Stéphanie , Tupin Florian , Jönsson Friederike , Gachet Christian , de la Salle Henri , Hechler Beatrice
Published: September 2021

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) remains a major cause of transfusion-related fatalities. The mechanism of human antibody-mediated TRALI, especially the involvement of the Fcγ receptors, is not clearly established. Contrary to mice, human platelets are unique in their expression of the FcγRIIA/CD32A receptor, suggesting that our understanding of the pathogenesis of antibody-mediated TRALI is partial, as the current murine models incompletely recapitulate the human immunology. We evaluated the role of FcγRIIA/CD32A in TRALI using a humanized mouse model expressing the FcγRIIA/CD32A receptor. When challenged with a recombinant chimeric human immunoglobulin G1/mouse anti–major histocompatibility complex class I monoclonal antibody, these mice exhibited exacerbated alveolar edema and higher mortality compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Unlike in WT mice, monocytes/macrophages in CD32A+ mice were accessory for TRALI initiation, indicating the decisive contribution of another cell type. Platelet activation was dramatically increased in CD32A+ animals, resulting in their increased consumption and massive release of their granule contents. Platelet depletion prevented the exacerbation of TRALI in CD32A+ mice but did not affect TRALI in WT animals. By blocking platelet serotonin uptake with fluoxetine, we showed that the severity of TRALI in CD32A+ mice resulted from the serotonin released by the activated platelets. Furthermore, inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A serotonin receptor with sarpogrelate, before or after the induction of TRALI, abolished the aggravation of lung edema in CD32A+ mice. Our findings show that platelet FcγRIIA/CD32A activation exacerbates antibody-mediated TRALI and provide a rationale for designing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies targeting the serotonin pathway to attenuate TRALI in patients.
Management of acquired hemophilia A: results from the Spanish registry
Authors: Mingot-Castellano María-Eva , Pardos-Gea Josep , Haya Saturnino , Bastida-Bermejo José-María , Tàssies Dolors , Marco-Rico Ana , Núñez Ramiro , García-Candel Faustino , de Mora María-Carmen Fernández-Sanchez , Soto Inmaculada , Álvarez-Román María-Teresa , Asenjo Susana , Carrasco Marina , Lluch-García Rafael , Martín-Antorán José-Manuel , Rodríguez-Alén Agustín , Roselló Elena , Torres-Miñana Laura , Marcellini-Antonio Shally , Moretó-Quinana Ana , Rodríguez-García José-Antonio , Aguinaco-Culebras Reyes , Alonso-Escobar Nieves , Cervero-Santiago Carlos , Fernández-Mosteirín Núria , Martínez-Badás María-Paz , Pérez-Sánchez Montserrat , Pérez-Montes Rocío , Rodríguez-González Ramón , Uribe-Barrientos Marisol , Caparrós-Miranda Isabel Socorro , Iglesias-Fernández Miriam , Baena Ángela , Rodríguez-López Manuel , Sebrango-Sandia Ana , Vázquez-Fernández Irene , Marco Pascual ,   on behalf of the Acquired Haemophilia Spanish Registry of the Spanish Society of ThrombosisHaemostasis (SETH)
Published: September 2021

The Spanish Acquired Hemophilia A (AHA) Registry is intended to update the status of AHA in Spain. One hundred and fifty-four patients were included and retrospectively followed for a median of 12 months. Patients were predominantly male (56.3%), with median age at diagnosis of 74 years. AHA was more frequently idiopathic (44.1%) and autoimmune disorder-associated (31.7%). Thirty-four percent of patients were on antithrombotic therapy at diagnosis. Hemostatic treatment was used in 70% of patients. Recombinant activated factor VII was more frequently infused (60.3% vs 20.6% activated prothrombin complex concentrate). Only 1 patient did not achieve control of hemorrhage. Complete remission (CR) was achieved by 84.2% of cases after immunosuppressive therapy. Steroids alone were less efficient than the other strategies (68.2% vs 87.2%, P = .049), whereas no differences existed among these (steroids/cyclophosphamide, 88.5%, vs steroids/calcineurin inhibitors, 81.2%, vs rituximab-based regimens, 87.5%). Female sex and high inhibitor levels influenced CR negatively. Thirty-six deaths (23.8%) were reported. Main causes of death were infection (15 patients, 9.9%) and hemorrhage (5 patients, 3.3%). All hemorrhage-related and half the infection-related deaths occurred within 2 months of diagnosis. Prior antithrombotic therapy was inversely associated with survival, irrespective of age. Median age of nonsurvivors was significantly higher (79 vs 73 years in survivors). Patients dying of infection were older than the other nonsurvivors (85 vs 78 years). In summary, fatal infection in the first months is common in our series. Antithrombotic therapy is associated with mortality. Particular care should be taken to avoid misdiagnosis.
Incidence and risk factors associated with bleeding and thrombosis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
Authors: Johnsrud Andrew , Craig Juliana , Baird John , Spiegel Jay , Muffly Lori , Zehnder James , Tamaresis John , Negrin Robert , Johnston Laura , Arai Sally , Shizuru Judith , Lowsky Robert , Meyer Everett , Weng Wen-Kai , Shiraz Parveen , Rezvani Andrew , Latchford Theresa , Mackall Crystal , Miklos David , Frank Matthew , Sidana Surbhi
Published: September 2021

Bleeding and thrombotic events are an emerging toxicity associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies. To determine their incidence, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive adult patients (N = 127) with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) or B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treated from 2017 through 2020 with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel; n = 89) or a bispecific CD19/CD22 CAR (n = 38). Twelve (9.4%) and 8 (6.3%) patients developed bleeding and thrombosis within the first 3 months, respectively. In the axi-cel subgroup, these occurred in 11.2% and 6.7%, respectively. Bleeding occurred between days 8 and 30 (median, 17.5) and thrombosis between days 2 and 91 (median, 29). Bleeding sites included genitourinary, soft tissue, intracranial, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary and were associated with features of consumptive coagulopathy. On univariate analysis, patients with bleeding were older, had lower baseline platelets (86 × 103/μL vs 178 × 103/μL; P < .01), lower platelet and fibrinogen nadirs , and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Immune effector cell (IEC)–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) grade ≥3 was associated with increased bleeding (50% vs 15%; P = .01), thrombosis (50% vs 16%; P = .04), prothrombin time prolongation, hypofibrinogenemia, and elevated D-dimer. Low pretreatment platelet counts were associated with bleeding in a multivariate logistic regression model. Patients with thrombocytopenia or severe ICANS are at increased risk of bleeding and should be closely monitored, particularly within the first month after CAR therapy. Future studies in larger cohorts should assess risk factors for systemic coagulopathies in CAR T therapy, including their association with neurotoxicity.
Depleting SOX2 improves ischemic stroke via lncRNA PVT1/microRNA-24-3p/STAT3 axis
Authors: Chen Zhongjun , Fan Tieping , Zhao Xusheng , Zhang Zhichen
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Studies have widely explored in the filed of ischemic stroke (IS) with their focus on transcription factors. However, few studies have pivoted on sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) in IS. Thus, this study is launched to figure out the mechanisms of SOX2 in IS.

Methods

Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established as a stroke model. MCAO rats were injected with depleted SOX2 or long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) to explore their roles in neurological deficits, cerebral water content, neuron survival, apoptosis and oxidative stress. The relationship among SOX2, PVT1, microRNA (miR)-24-3p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was verified by a series of experiments.

Results

SOX2, PVT1 and STAT3 were highly expressed while miR-24-3p was poorly expressed in cerebral cortex tissues of MCAO rats. Depleted SOX2 or PVT1 alleviated brain injury in MCAO rats as reflected by neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress restriction, brain water content reduction, and neurological deficit and neuron survival improvements. Overexpression of PVT1 functioned oppositely. Restored miR-24-3p abolished PVT1 overexpression-induced brain injury in MCAO rats. SOX2 directly promoted PVT1 expression and further increased STAT3 by sponging miR-24-3p.

Conclusion

This study presents that depleting SOX2 improves IS via PVT1/miR-24-3p/STAT3 axis which may broaden our knowledge about the mechanisms of SOX2/PVT1/miR-24-3p/STAT3 axis and provide a reference of therapy for IS.
Rollover Prevention and Motion Planning for an Intelligent Heavy Truck
Authors: Jin Zhilin , Li Jingxuan , Wang Hong , Li Jun , Huang Chaosheng
Published: September 2021

It is very necessary for an intelligent heavy truck to have the ability to prevent rollover independently. However, it was rarely considered in intelligent vehicle motion planning. To improve rollover stability, a motion planning strategy with autonomous anti rollover ability for an intelligent heavy truck is put forward in this paper. Considering the influence of unsprung mass in the front axle and the rear axle and the body roll stiffness on vehicle rollover stability, a rollover dynamics model is built for the intelligent heavy truck. From the model, a novel rollover index is derived to evaluate vehicle rollover risk accurately, and a model predictive control algorithm is applicated to design the motion planning strategy for the intelligent heavy truck, which integrates the vehicle rollover stability, the artificial potential field for the obstacle avoidance, the path tracking and vehicle dynamics constrains. Then, the optimal path is obtained to meet the requirements that the intelligent heavy truck can avoid obstacles and drive stably without rollover. In addition, three typical scenarios are designed to numerically simulate the dynamic performance of the intelligent heavy truck. The results show that the proposed motion planning strategy can avoid collisions and improve vehicle rollover stability effectively even under the worst driving scenarios.
Adhesion pathway proteins and risk of atrial fibrillation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mendez Israel J. , Manemann Sheila M. , Bell Elizabeth J. , Larson Nicholas B. , Decker Paul A. , Guerrero Marco A. , Hanson Naomi Q. , Heckbert Susan R. , Pankow James S. , Tsai Michael Y. , Bielinski Suzette J.
Published: September 2021

Background

The cellular adhesion pathway has been suggested as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, prior studies that have investigated the role of adhesion pathway proteins in risk of AF have been limited in the number of proteins that were studied and in the ethnic and racial diversity of the study population. Therefore we aimed to study the associations of fifteen adhesion pathway proteins with incident AF in a large, diverse population.

Methods

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants from four races/ethnicities (n = 2504) with protein levels measured were followed for incident AF (n = 253). HGF protein was measured on Exam 1 samples (N = 6669; AF n = 851). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association of AF with 15 adhesion pathway proteins. Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple comparisons.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounding variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity, height, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertension therapy, diabetes status, current smoker, current alcohol use, and total and HDL cholesterol), and accounting for multiple testing (P < 0.05/15 = 0.0033), circulating levels of the following proteins were positively associated with a higher risk of AF: MMP-2 (HR per standard deviation increment, 1.27; 95% CI 1.11‒1.45), TIMP-2 (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.12‒1.46), VCAM-1 (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.16‒1.50), and SLPI (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.07‒1.38). The association between proteins and AF did not differ by race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

Circulating levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2, VCAM-1, and SLPI were positively associated with an increased risk of incident AF in a diverse population. Our findings suggest that adhesion pathway proteins may be important risk predictors of AF.
Sarcopenia predicts adverse outcomes in an elderly population with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xue Qiqi , Wu Jie , Ren Yan , Hu Jiaan , Yang Ke , Cao Jiumei
Published: September 2021

Background

The development of sarcopenia is attributed to normal aging and factors like type 2 diabetes, obesity, inactivity, reduced testosterone levels, and malnutrition, which are factors of poor prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to assess whether preoperative sarcopenia can be used to predict the outcomes after cardiac surgery in elderly patients with CAD.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science were searched for available papers published up to December 2020. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACE). The secondary outcomes were mortality and heart failure (HF)-related hospitalization. The random-effects model was used. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated.

Results

Ten studies were included, with 3707 patients followed for 6 months to 4.5 ± 2.3 years. The sarcopenia population had a higher rate of MACE compared to the non-sarcopenia population (HR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.58–3.27, P < 0.001; I2 = 60.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.02). The association between sarcopenia and MACE was significant when using the psoas muscle area index (PMI) to define sarcopenia (HR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.84–4.46, P < 0.001; I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.604). Sarcopenia was not associated with higher late mortality (HR = 2.15, 95%CI: 0.89–5.22, P = 0.090; I2 = 91.0%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001), all-cause mortality (HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 0.14–12.84, P = 0.792; I2 = 90.5%, Pheterogeneity = 0.001), and death, HF-related hospitalization (HR = 1.37, 95%CI: 0.59–3.16, P = 0.459; I2 = 62.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.105). The sensitivity analysis revealed no outlying study in the analysis of the association between sarcopenia and MACE after coronary intervention.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia is associated with poor MACE outcomes in patients with CAD. The results could help determine subpopulations of patients needing special monitoring after CAD surgery. The present study included several kinds of participants; although non-heterogeneity was found, interpretation should be cautious.
Simple demographic characteristics and laboratory findings on admission may predict in-hospital mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: development and validation of the covid-19 score
Authors: Obremska Marta , Pazgan-Simon Monika , Budrewicz Katarzyna , Bilaszewski Lukasz , Wizowska Joanna , Jagielski Dariusz , Jankowska-Polanska Beata , Nadolny Klaudiusz , Madowicz Jarosław , Zuwala-Jagiello Jolanta , Zysko Dorota , Banasiak Waldemar , Simon Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) constitutes a major health burden worldwide due to high mortality rates and hospital bed shortages. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with several laboratory abnormalities. We aimed to develop and validate a risk score based on simple demographic and laboratory data that could be used on admission in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection to predict in-hospital mortality.

Methods

Three cohorts of patients from different hospitals were studied consecutively (developing, validation, and prospective cohorts). The following demographic and laboratory data were obtained from medical records: sex, age, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelets, leukocytes, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP). For each variable, classification and regression tree analysis were used to establish the cut-off point(s) associated with in-hospital mortality outcome based on data from developing cohort and before they were used for analysis in the validation and prospective cohort. The covid-19 score was calculated as a sum of cut-off points associated with mortality outcome.

Results

The developing, validation, and prospective cohorts included 129, 239, and 497 patients, respectively (median age, 71, 67, and 70 years, respectively). The following cut of points associated with in-hospital mortality: age > 56 years, male sex, hemoglobin < 10.55 g/dL, MCV > 92.9 fL, leukocyte count > 9.635 or < 2.64 103/µL, platelet count, < 81.49 or > 315.5 103/µL, CRP > 51.14 mg/dL, creatinine > 1.115 mg/dL, sodium < 134.7 or > 145.4 mEq/L, and potassium < 3.65 or > 6.255 mEq/L. The AUC of the covid-19 score for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.89 (0.84–0.95), 0.850 (0.75–0.88), and 0.773 (0.731–0.816) in the developing, validation, and prospective cohorts, respectively (P < 0.001The mortality of the prospective cohort stratified on the basis of the covid-19 score was as follows: 0–2 points,4.2%; 3 points, 15%; 4 points, 29%; 5 points, 38.2%; 6 and more points, 60%.

Conclusion

The covid-19 score based on simple demographic and laboratory parameters may become an easy-to-use, widely accessible, and objective tool for predicting mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.