bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequential cognition: Exploring how attribution theory sheds new light on the firm‐level consequences of product recalls
Authors: Munyon Timothy P. , Jenkins Matthew T. , Crook T. Russell , Edwards Jonathan , Harvey N. Paul
Published: January 2019

It is unclear why some firms suffer greater negative consequences than others following a product recall. To shed light on this question, we extend attribution theory to the firm level to explore how consumers engage in an attributional process following product recalls that shapes their responses to firms. Integrating attribution theory and the demand side theoretical perspective, we assert that consumer judgments of responsibility toward manufacturers are shaped by causal data regarding the locus of causality (i.e., manufacturer or supplier) and controllability (i.e., prior knowledge or awareness) of a recalled product's potential for harm. We then examine the impact of product recall characteristics on judgments of responsibility and firm‐level outcomes using an experimental test involving responses from 320 subjects. Our findings suggest that judgments of responsibility are attributed to the manufacturing firm more when consumers are given causal information indicating that the firm is the source of, or is aware of, a product's defects. The results also indicate that judgments of responsibility can have costly firm‐level consequences in the form of reputational damage, diminished consumer purchase intentions, and increased legal damage recommendations. We discuss theoretical contributions, practical implications, and opportunities for further research.
A first principles study on structural, dynamical, and mechanical stability of newly predicted delafossite HCoO2 at high pressure
Authors: Upadhyay Deepak , Pratap Arun , Jha Prafulla K.
Published: January 2019

Cobalt oxyhydroxide (HCoO2), which belongs to the heterogenite mineral family, exists in two hexagonal polytypes (2H) and rhombohedral (3R). Here, we investigate the high pressure behaviour of both polytypes of HCoO2 using state‐of‐the‐art first principles calculations‐based density functional theory. We have used both local density approximation (LDA) and generalised gradient approximation (GGA) for exchange correlation functional. For the calculation of electronic band structures, we have also used the on‐site Coulomb interaction U term with LDA calculations and found improvement in results. The obtained ground state properties for both polytypes agree well with experimental and previous theoretical data. The electronic band structure shows that both phases are semiconductor with an indirect band gap in the ran\ge of 2.01–2.06 eV. The pressure‐dependent phonon dispersion curves and elastic constants depict the instability of 2H and 3R phases around 35 and 40 GPa, respectively. The O‐H distance gradually decreases for both phases with pressure and results into the less compressibility in z‐direction. The theoretically calculated pressure‐dependent Raman spectra of 2H‐HCoO2 show the peak broadening nature of E2g mode with pressure whereas in the case of 3R‐HCoO2, the A1g mode disappears beyond 45 GPa pressure. This indicates the existence of phase transition beginning around this pressure, which is driven by the shear modulus. A detailed analysis of the mode compatibility in the case of 2H polytypes is also reported. The phonon mode evolution with pressure is also analysed.
Investigating trade‐offs between optimal mobile photo enforcement programme plans
Authors: Li Yang , Xie Jiaohong , Kim Amy M. , El‐Basyouny Karim
Published: January 2019

Agencies that manage mobile photo enforcement (MPE) programmes must decide where and when to send their limited resources to monitor compliance with speed limits. Usually, the goal is to select locations based on a number of concerns (i.e., high collision sites, high speed violation sites, school zones, etc.), which, in most cases, is conflicting. If certain locations are given more MPE resources, then by definition, other locations will receive less attention, and vice versa. This paper aims to provide insights about such MPE programme trade‐offs. We present a systematic procedure for interpreting the results of a multiobjective MPE resource allocation problem. The procedure consists of three steps: (a) Pareto front (PF) generation, (b) front representation, and (c) trade‐off analysis. First, in generating a PF, we sequentially apply two well‐known scalar optimization methods to obtain a comprehensive set of Pareto‐optimal solutions. Second, the K‐medoids clustering algorithm and the silhouette index are adopted to partition the generated PF into similar‐sized clusters, in order to help MPE programme agencies choose from a reduced set of solutions on the PF. Third, we use the response surface method to determine trade‐off patterns on the PF. The results of the front generation analysis showed that applying two optimization methods together resulted in a nearly complete PF with a relatively uniform and dense spread of solutions. Consequently, the identified set of solutions (i.e., 13,210 cases) was further partitioned into 12 clusters by silhouette index and K‐medoids. With the aim of reducing decision fatigue for agencies, each cluster's representative solution is considered a possible MPE resource allocation candidate. The trade‐off analysis indicated how much one must sacrifice in the other objectives in order to increase attainment of one particular objective. Finally, the trade‐off rate and elasticity were used to explore the quantitative relationship between the considered objectives.
Boundedness and compactness characterizations of Cauchy integral commutators on Morrey spaces
Authors: Tao Jin , Yang Dachun , Yang Dongyong
Published: January 2019

Let CΓ be the Cauchy integral operator on a Lipschitz curve Γ. In this article, the authors show that the commutator [b,CΓ] is bounded (resp, compact) on the Morrey space
for any (or some) p  ∈  (1,∞) and λ  ∈  (0,1) if and only if
(resp,
). As an application, a factorization of the classical Hardy space
in terms of CΓ and its adjoint operator is obtained.
Large current nanosecond pulse generating circuit for driving semiconductor laser diode
Authors: Wen Shaocong , Wang Mao , Xie Jie , Wu Dongmin
Published: January 2019

The semiconductor laser diode SPL LL90_3, which integrates the RC charge‐discharge circuit and a MOSFET switching device, is usually used for pulsing laser in the light detection and ranging system with a rated peak power of 70 W at 30 ns pulse‐width. To further increase the peak power and reduce the pulse width and rising edge, a driving circuit with an avalanche transistor used as a pre‐switching device is proposed. A trigger pulse with about 10 ns’‐pulse‐width is obtained to drive the laser diode. At the same time, the pulsing laser's peak power can reach 141 W at the testing repetition rate of 55 kHz.
Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Risk for Atrial Fibrillation: The HUNT Study
Authors: Feng Tingting , Vegard Malmo , Strand Linn B. , Laugsand Lars E. , Mørkedal Bjørn , Aune Dagfinn , Vatten Lars , Ellekjær Hanne , Loennechen Jan P. , Mukamal Kenneth , Janszky Imre
Published: January 2019

Objective

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and has been described as a global epidemic. Although AF is associated with both obesity and its metabolic consequences, little is known about the association between metabolically healthy obesity and AF.

Methods

In a population‐based study, 47,870 adults were followed for incident AF from 2006 to 2008 until 2015. Participants were classified according to BMI and metabolic status (using waist circumference, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose) at baseline.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 8.1 years, 1,758 participants developed AF. Compared with metabolically healthy individuals with BMI < 25 kg/m2, the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios for metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity were 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2 to 2.1) and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3 to 1.9), respectively. AF risk increased according to the severity of obesity.

Conclusions

Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity increased AF risk to a similar extent. Severity of obesity was positively associated with AF risk regardless of metabolic status.
Molecular profiling in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: more than the sum of its parts
Authors: Sjödahl Gottfrid , Jackson Chelsea L , Bartlett John MS , Siemens D Robert , Berman David M
Published: January 2019

Bladder cancers are biologically and clinically heterogeneous. Recent large‐scale transcriptomic profiling studies focusing on life‐threatening muscle‐invasive cases have demonstrated a small number of molecularly distinct clusters that largely explain their heterogeneity. Similar to breast cancer, these clusters reflect intrinsic urothelial cell‐type differentiation programs, including those with luminal and basal cell characteristics. Also like breast cancer, each cell‐based subtype demonstrates a distinct profile with regard to its prognosis and its expression of therapeutic targets. Indeed, a number of studies suggest subtype‐specific differential responses to cytotoxic chemotherapy and to therapies that inhibit a number of targets, including growth factors (EGFR, ERBB2, FGFR) and immune checkpoint (PD1, PDL1) inhibitors. Despite burgeoning evidence for important clinical implications, subtyping has yet to enter into routine clinical practice. Here we review the conceptual basis for intrinsic cell subtyping in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and discuss evidence behind proposed clinical uses for subtyping as a prognostic or predictive test. In deliberating barriers to clinical implementation, we review pitfalls associated with transcriptomic profiling and illustrate a simple immunohistochemistry (IHC)‐based subtyping algorithm that may serve as a faster, less expensive alternative. Envisioned as a research tool that can easily be translated into routine pathology workflow, IHC‐based profiling has the potential to more rapidly establish the utility (or lack thereof) of cell type profiling in clinical practice. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D‐Drucken mit Metallen
Authors: Reznik Daniel , Kastsian Darya , Lüthen Volkmar , Krüger Ursus
Published: January 2019

Für das 3D‐Drucken von Metallbauteilen eignet sich das Selektive Laserstrahlschmelzen (SLM). SLM fällt unter die additiven Fertigungstechniken, die eine digitale Produktion nach der Industrie 4.0‐Vision ermöglichen sollen. Die SLM führt einen starken Laserstrahl über ein Bett aus Metallpulver. In der obersten Schicht schmilzt dieser kleine Schweißbahnen in Form des Werkstücks, dann schiebt eine Rakel eine neue Pulverschicht darüber. So entsteht schichtweise das Werkstück. Die erforderlichen hohen Temperaturen im Laserfokus sorgen allerdings für einen thermomechanischen Verzug, der insbesondere bei komplexen Geometrien eine Herausforderung darstellt. Eine Prozesssimulation soll Designer so unterstützen, dass das Werkstück in den gewünschten Maßen ohne intolerable geometrische Fehler, Risse und mit optimal geringer Porosität entsteht. Die Simulation muss die Makroskala des Werkstücks mit der Mesoskala der lokalen Schmelzbadumgebung so verbinden, dass praktikable Rechenzeiten erreichbar sind.
Wie schnell läuft der photoelektrische Effekt ab?
Authors: Ossiander Marcus , Kienberger Reinhard
Published: January 2019

Die Dauer zwischen der Absorption eines Röntgenphotons in einem Kristall und dem Austreten eines Photoelektrons konnte erstmals mit Hilfe atomarer Stoppuhren bestimmt werden [1]. Diese winzige Verzögerung erlaubt die Messung der Elektronenphase, eine der letzten unbekannten Eigenschaften des photoelektrischen Effekts.
Motion Shot friert Bewegungen ein
Authors: Ivanjek Lana , Hopf Martin , Wilhelm Thomas
Published: January 2019

Mit der App Motion Shot können ganz einfach Stroboskop‐ und Serienfotos erstellt und Bewegungen qualitativ analysiert werden. Dazu führt die App verschiedene Bilder eines Videofilms in einem Bild zusammen.
Musterbildung im Schnee
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: January 2019

Das Zusammenwirken von Absorption und Reflexion von Sonnenlicht sowie Wärmeleitung führt unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu regelmäßigen Mustern im Schnee.
A validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for 4,4′‐methylenedianiline quantitation in human urine as a measure of 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure
Authors: Lépine Maggy , Sleno Lekha , Lesage Jacques , Gagné Sébastien
Published: January 2019

Rationale

4,4′‐Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is a highly reactive isocyanate used in the production of polyurethanes. Workers exposed to these products may develop sensitization to the diisocyanate compounds, leading to occupational asthma. Quantifying MDI levels is necessary to ensure workplace safety. MDI is metabolized by acetylation and/or conjugation to macromolecules for excretion into urine. All metabolites can be chemically hydrolyzed to form the free diamine 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (MDA) as a urinary biomarker of MDI exposure. Current methods involve long sample preparation, or have been designed using costly automation. There is therefore a need to develop a new practical method for assessing exposure to MDI.

Methods

Urine samples were acidified and heated to form MDA, followed by neutralization and liquid–liquid extraction. Extracts were separated by reversed‐phase chromatography on a HSS T3 column followed by analysis on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.

Results

13C15N‐MDA was selected as the internal standard (IS) of choice following an investigation of internal standard stability. The hydrolysis efficiency, forming free MDA from conjugated metabolites in vivo, was evaluated using 4,4′‐methylenebis(acetanilide) spiked into urine and complete hydrolysis occurred after 1 h. A dynamic range of 5 to 500 nM was achieved, and was useful for monitoring MDI exposure considering the biological guidance value (BGV) of 10 μg/L (~50 nM) proposed by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 0.8 and 2.7 nM, respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were 4.33% and 4.27%, respectively. Finally, the method was tested with inter‐laboratory samples from the German External Quality Assessment Scheme (G‐EQUAS) program and the results submitted were all within the allowable tolerance range.

Conclusions

A practical and validated method for the analysis of small‐ to medium‐sized batches of samples has been developed for the biological monitoring of MDI exposure in human urine.
Random‐start ovarian stimulation with aromatase inhibitor for fertility preservation in women with Japanese breast cancer
Authors: Nakasuji Takashi , Kawai Kiyotaka , Ishikawa Tomonori , Teraoka Kaori , Takeuchi Shiho , Miyagawa Tomoko , Nara Kazuko , Kidera Nobuyuki , Harada Tatsuya , Miyasaka Naoyuki
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Fertility preservation is an important issue for young cancer patients. Random‐start controlled ovarian stimulation and double ovarian stimulation have been proposed for efficient oocyte retrieval within the limited time before cancer therapy. We aimed to clarify the efficacy of these new protocols within the Japanese population.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study at a multicenter from February 2012 to August 2017. The study entailed 50 cycles with 34 patients who underwent fertility preservation due to breast cancer. Follicular phase or luteal phase ovarian stimulation with aromatase inhibitor was performed. A second ovarian stimulation was started with or without waiting until the next menstruation. We measured the number of retrieved oocytes and cryopreserved oocytes/embryos, the ratio of mature oocytes, and the fertilization rate.

Results

The numbers of retrieved oocytes and frozen oocytes/embryos were not significantly different between follicular phase and luteal phase ovarian stimulation. The number of retrieved oocytes was not reduced at the second ovum pick up compared to the first ovum pick up in the double ovarian stimulation.

Conclusions

Random‐start controlled ovarian stimulation and double ovarian stimulation with aromatase inhibitor for breast cancer patients were effective protocols for retrieving a greater number of oocytes within the limited time.
Critical success factors for implementing building information modeling and sustainability practices in construction projects: A Delphi survey
Authors: Olawumi Timothy O. , Chan Daniel W.M.
Published: January 2019

The research study aims to explore and assess the critical success factors (CSFs) that can amplify the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and sustainability practices in construction projects. Delphi survey technique was employed to solicit the perceptions of experts on the 30 identified CSFs by means of a two‐round Delphi survey. The expert panel responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The key drivers identified in the study are related to people‐centric, and data and technology‐centric interventions in the built environment. Crucial deductions were formed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the expert groups. The study's findings have provided valuable lessons for local authorities, policymakers, and project stakeholders to strengthen the drive for achieving full adoption of green BIM initiatives. The study has also provided effective recommendations for increasing the uptake of BIM and sustainability practices in the construction industry, and has contributed to the existing body of knowledge about smart urbanization and hands‐on practice in the built environment.
Enhanced Catalytic Performance for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over N‐doped Graphene Incorporated Cu‐ZnO‐Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Ma Qingxiang , Geng Mengqian , Zhang Jianli , Zhang Xiangling , Zhao Tian‐Sheng
Published: January 2019

N‐doped graphene (NG) incorporated Cu‐ZnO‐Al2O3 (CZA) catalysts were prepared by co‐precipitation method and their catalytic performances for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were evaluated under the reaction conditions of 200 ○C and 3.0 MPa. The results indicate that NG promotes effectively the dispersion of CZA and changes the electron structure of CZA, which could provide synergistic effect for methanol synthesis. When NG content is 10 wt.%, the CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity can achieve the highest values of 8.2% and 84%, respectively, which are much higher than those of traditional CZA catalyst.
One‐Pot Cleavage of Aryl Alkyl Ethers by Aluminum and Iodine in Acetonitrile
Authors: Tian Juan , Yue Huaxin , Yang Pengtao , Sang Dayong
Published: January 2019

Cleavage of aryl alkyl ethers was conducted in a one‐pot one‐stage manner by mixing the ethers, aluminum and iodine in acetonitrile without the in situ preparation of aluminum triiodide in advance. For ethers bearing acid‐labile functional groups such as allyl, alkenyl and carbonyl, an acid scavenger (calcium oxide, 1,3‐diisopropylcarbodiimide or dimethyl sulfoxide) was used to prevent side‐reactions. This one‐pot protocol is efficient and convenient for the removal of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and tert‐butyl groups from typical aryl alkyl ethers, catechol monomethyl and dimethyl ethers, and is compatible with a variety of functional groups including alkenyl, alkyl, allyl, amido, cyano, formyl, halogen, keto and nitro group. Methyl 2‐anisate and eugenol acetate were exhaustively deprotected by the method that afforded salicylic acid and hydroxychavicol, respectively.
Design and Synthesis of Tetrandrine Derivatives as Potential Anti‐tumor Agents Against A549 Cell Lines
Authors: Niu Nana , Jin Tao , Li Xia , Xu Jinfang , Qu Tingli , Bodwell Graham J. , Zhao Zhengbao
Published: January 2019

Tetrandrine (1) was converted to 5‐bromotetrandrine (2) using a mild oxidative system (DMSO/HBr). Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions were then employed to yield a set of 5‐substituted tetrandrine derivatives. A total of 19 new compounds was synthesized and they were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. Their antiproliferative activities against A549 cell lines in vitro were evaluated using the MTT assay. Most of the compounds were found to possess significant inhibitory activities and compound 7 had the highest (IC50 = 3.04 μM). Further studies on the mechanism demonstrated by compound 7 showed that it promotes apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose‐dependent manner and reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot results showed that the compound up‐regulated the levels of Bax protein and down‐regulated the level of Bcl‐2 protein. Compared to the control group, the expression of cleaved‐caspase 3 and cleaved‐PARP in cells was significantly increased.
Dark tridents at off-axis liquid argon neutrino detectors
Authors: de Gouvêa André , Fox Patrick J. , Harnik Roni , Kelly Kevin J. , Zhang Yue
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We present dark tridents, a new channel for exploring dark sectors in short-baseline neutrino experiments. Dark tridents are clean, distinct events where, like neutrino tridents, the scattering of a very weakly coupled particle leads to the production of a lepton-antilepton pair. Dark trident production occurs in models where long-lived dark-sector particles are produced along with the neutrinos in a beam-dump environment and interact with neutrino detectors downstream, producing an on-shell boson which decays into a pair of charged leptons. We focus on a simple model where the dark matter particle interacts with the standard model exclusively through a dark photon, and concentrate on the region of parameter space where the dark photon mass is smaller than twice that of the dark matter particle and hence decays exclusively into standard-model particles. We compute event rates and discuss search strategies for dark tridents from dark matter at the current and upcoming liquid argon detectors aligned with the Booster beam at Fermilab — MicroBooNE, SBND, and ICARUS — assuming the dark sector particles are produced off-axis in the higher energy NuMI beam. We find that MicroBooNE has already recorded enough data to be competitive with existing bounds on this dark sector model, and that new regions of parameter space will be probed with future data and experiments.
Dark energy as a remnant of inflation and electroweak symmetry breaking
Authors: Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Markkanen Tommi
Published: January 2019

Abstract

It is shown that dark energy can be obtained from the interplay of the Higgs boson and the inflaton. A key element is the realization that electroweak symmetry breaking can trigger a second phase of rolling of the inflaton, which, when provided with the appropriate couplings between the fields, can be sufficiently slow to source accelerated expansion in the late time Universe. The observed dark energy density is obtained without fine-tuning of parameters or initial conditions due to an intricate conspiracy of numbers related to inflation, gravity and electroweak physics.
Latent Class Dynamic Mediation Model with Application to Smoking Cessation Data
Authors: Huang Jing , Yuan Ying , Wetter David
Published: January 2019

Traditional mediation analysis assumes that a study population is homogeneous and the mediation effect is constant over time, which may not hold in some applications. Motivated by smoking cessation data, we propose a latent class dynamic mediation model that explicitly accounts for the fact that the study population may consist of different subgroups and the mediation effect may vary over time. We use a proportional odds model to accommodate the subject heterogeneities and identify latent subgroups. Conditional on the subgroups, we employ a Bayesian hierarchical nonparametric time-varying coefficient model to capture the time-varying mediation process, while allowing each subgroup to have its individual dynamic mediation process. A simulation study shows that the proposed method has good performance in estimating the mediation effect. We illustrate the proposed methodology by applying it to analyze smoking cessation data.
Performance of PVC/SiO2 nanocomposites under thermal ageing
Authors: Habashy Mohamed M. , Abd-Elhady Amr M. , Elsad R. A. , Izzularab Mohamed A.
Published: January 2019

Accelerated thermal ageing test on nanocomposites of polyvinyl chloride (PVC/SiO2) is conducted at constant temperatures of 110 °C and 140 °C. Accordingly, different PVC/SiO2 nanocomposite samples with different silicon dioxide (SiO2) filler loading are prepared. The preparation of the samples was carried out based on the solution casting technique. The loading concentrations of SiO2 in the investigating samples are 0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 wt%. The breakdown strength of the prepared PVC/SiO2 nanocomposite samples is evaluated before and after the thermal ageing test. The evaluation of breakdown strength is carried out based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. Also, dielectric spectroscopy, which includes dielectric constant (έ) and tangent loss (tan δ) of nanocomposite, is performed before and after the thermal ageing test. Also, the mass losses during thermal ageing of all samples are evaluated. The results show that the breakdown strength, tan δ, and the dielectric constant (έ) of pure PVC and PVC/SiO2 nanocomposites are significantly affected by the thermal ageing test. Adding a small amount of SiO2 nanoparticles to PVC leads to improvement in its dielectric properties before and after the thermal ageing process as compared to the pure PVC. The mass loss of PVC/SiO2 nanocomposite during thermal ageing is less than that of pure PVC and confirms the obtained result from breakdown strength.
Review of low timing jitter mode-locked fiber lasers and applications in dual-comb absolute distance measurement
Authors: Shi Haosen , Song Youjian , Li Runmin , Li Yuepeng , Cao Hui , Tian Haochen , Liu Bowen , Chai Lu , Hu Minglie
Published: January 2019

Passively mode-locked fiber lasers emit femtosecond pulse trains with excellent short-term stability. The quantum-limited timing jitter of a free running femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser working at room temperature is considerably below one femtosecond at high Fourier frequency. The ultrashort pulse train with ultralow timing jitter enables absolute time-of-flight measurements based on a dual-comb implementation, which is typically composed of a pair of optical frequency combs generated by femtosecond lasers. Dead-zone-free absolute distance measurement with sub-micrometer precision and kHz update rate has been routinely achieved with a dual-comb configuration, which is promising for a number of precision manufacturing applications, from large step-structure measurements prevalent in microelectronic profilometry to three coordinate measurements in large-scale aerospace manufacturing and shipbuilding. In this paper, we first review the sub-femtosecond precision timing jitter characterization methods and approaches for ultralow timing jitter mode-locked fiber laser design. Then, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art dual-comb absolute ranging technology in terms of working principles, experimental implementations, and measurement precisions. Finally, we discuss the impact of quantum-limited timing jitter on the dual-comb ranging precision at a high update rate. The route to high-precision dual-comb range finder design based on ultralow jitter femtosecond fiber lasers is proposed.
CFD-based design and analysis of air-bearing-supported paint spray spindle
Authors: Khaghani Ali , Cheng Kai
Published: January 2019

In this paper, an analytical scientific approach is presented for the design and analysis of an air-turbine-driven paint spray spindle, and it is used to improve further the design concept of the existing spindle applied in automotive coating and paint spraying applications. The current spindle on the market can operate at a maximum speed of 100,000 rpm and features a maximum bell size of 70 mm diameter. Given the increasing demands for high automotive coating/painting quality and productivity in assembly, the design and development of a paint spray spindle with a speed of 145,000 rpm or higher is needed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulation is applied in the approach. Accordingly, CFD simulation-based design and analysis are undertaken, covering the characteristic factors of velocity, pressure of the air supply, rotational speed of the air-turbine, and torque and force reaction on the turbine blades. Furthermore, the turbine blade geometric shape is investigated through the simulations. Three geometrical concepts have been investigated against the original model. The results on Concept_03 verified the higher angular velocity speeds against the theoretical model. The pressure and velocity effects in the blades have been investigated. The results show that the pressure and velocity of the air supply driving the turbine are critical factors influencing the stability of turbine spinning. The results also demonstrate that the force acting on the blades is at the highest level when the adjacent face changes from a straight surface into a curve. Finally, changing the geometrical shape in the turbine likely increases the tangential air pressure at the blades surface and relatively increases the magnitude of the lateral torque and force in the spindle. Notwithstanding this condition, the analytical values surpass the theoretical target values.
Effect of particle-particle interaction on dielectrophoretic single particle trap in a sudden contraction flow
Authors: Cui Haihang , Ma Rui , Chen Li , Zhang Hongyan
Published: January 2019

Dielectrophoretic (DEP) force is significant in manipulating tiny objects in micro/nano scale. To study the effect of electric interaction force on particle manipulation, a microstructure consisting of a pair of strip electrodes and a sudden contraction micro-channel was constructed. Besides DEP force and hydrodynamic force acting on single particle, the numerical model also involved electric interaction force and force moment on two particles. The analyses revealed that the particle-particle interaction force was in the same order as that of DEP force on single trapped particle. The interaction force resulted in trapping single particle failure under continuous DEP force. Thus, pulsed DEP force, turning on/off DEP force at a given time interval, was suggested. During the “off” period, the velocity difference of the two particles located at sudden contraction micro-channel enlarged the gap between them and further weakened the particle-particle interaction. By a proof-of-concept experiment, both the trapping behavior of single particle and that of two particles were in good agreement with the model. With carefully controlled parameters, the reliable function of retaining single particle was realized by pulsed DEP.
Evaluation of an Online Educational Intervention to Increase Knowledge and Self-efficacy in Disaster Responders and Critical Care Transporters Caring for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Edinger Zachariah S. , Powers Kelly A. , Jordan Kathleen S. , Callaway David W.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Disability-related education is essential for disaster responders and critical care transporters to ensure positive patient outcomes. This pilot study evaluated the effect of an online educational intervention on disaster responders and critical care transporters’ knowledge of and feelings of self-efficacy about caring for individuals with developmental disabilities.

Methods

A 1-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design was used. A convenience sample of 33 disaster responders and critical care transporters participated.

Results

Of the 33 participants, only 24% had received prior education on this topic, and 88% stated that such education would be beneficial to their care of patients. Nineteen participants completed both the pretest and posttest, and overall performance on knowledge items improved from 66% correct to 81% correct. Self-efficacy for caring for developmentally disabled individuals improved, with all 10 items showing a statistically significant improvement.

Conclusion

Online education is recommended to improve the knowledge and self-efficacy of disaster responders and critical care transporters who care for this vulnerable population after disasters and emergencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:677–681)
Faunal remains from recent excavations at Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1), a Late Lower Paleolithic open-air site in the Azraq Basin, Jordan
Authors: Pokines James T. , Lister Adrian M. , Ames Christopher J. H. , Nowell April , Cordova Carlos E.
Published: January 2019

Excavations from 2013 to 2015 at the site of Shishan Marsh 1 (SM1) in the Azraq Basin of eastern Jordan have yielded substantial late middle Pleistocene lithic assemblages in association with faunal remains. Faunal preservation is poor, but multiple taxa have been identified, including cf.Panthera leo,Gazellasp.,Boscf.primigenius,Camelussp.,Equusspp., cf.Stephanorhinus hemitoechus,Palaeoloxodoncf.recki, andElephascf.hysudricus. The overall Azraq habitat may have been most similar to a savanna ecosystem, with a mixture of open grassland/shrub habitats and more closed vegetation along the wetlands margins. These taxa were drawn to the relatively lush oasis environment, where they were a dietary resource of the hominin groups exploiting the wetlands resources.
«Hommes de nulle secte». Éclectisme et refus des systèmes chez Jean Bernard Mérian
Authors: DUMOUCHEL DANIEL
Published: January 2019

Jean Bernard Mérian est l’un des principaux représentants de l’empirisme à l’Académie de Berlin. Cet article s’attache à montrer comment s’articulent, chez Mérian, la critique de la métaphysique systématique, fondée sur une méthode synthétique empruntée aux mathématiques, et la défense d’un ethos philosophique nouveau, l’esprit académique ou éclectique. Nous verrons la solidarité entre les termes «empirique», «académique» et «éclectique» chez Mérian, et nous examinerons comment la pratique éclectique de la philosophie lui offre une méthode de comparaison et de critique des prétentions des systèmes philosophiques, ouvrant la possibilité d’une conception éclectique de l’histoire des débats philosophiques.
Hawaiian Music and Oceanizing American Studies
Authors: KURAGANO LEAH
Published: January 2019

American studies has been dedicated to understanding cultural forms from its beginnings as a field. Music, as one such form, is especially centered in the field as a lens through which to seek the cultural “essence” of US America – as texts from which to glean insight into negotiations of intellectual thought, social relations, subaltern resistance, or identity formation, or as a form of labor that produces an exchangeable commodity. In particular, the featuring of folk, indigenous, and popular music directly responded to anxieties in the intellectual circles of the postwar era around America's purported lack of serious culture in comparison to Europe. According to John Gilkeson, American studies scholars in the 1950s and 1960s “vulgarized” the culture concept introduced by the Boasian school of anthropology, opening the door to serious consideration of popular culture as equal in value to high culture.1
Past Imperfect, Or the Pleasures and Perils of the Reenactment
Authors: DURICA PAUL
Published: January 2019

From 2010 to 2015, Pocket Guide to Hell, a series of public history projects in Chicago, produced site-specific, participatory historical reenactments with the intention of treating the past as if it were a public space – an inhabitable site where multiple voices can be heard, meanings contested, and alliances forged. This paper narrates the process behind the production of the final Pocket Guide to Hell project, which marked the centennial of the Arts Club of Chicago, in order to reflect upon the origins of creative acts, the challenges of cocreation, and the possibilities and limitations of the reenactment form.
A Land of Shadows
Authors: FRANCISCO JASON
Published: January 2019

This essay is the foreword to an artistic inquiry into immigrant Chinese life in rural nineteenth-century California – a communal life that was itinerant, vulnerable, preyed upon, resilient, and centrally important in the state's and the nation's history. The project integrates new photographs of the remnants of Chinese settlements in the Sierra Nevada foothills and the Sacramento delta areas into a forgotten governmental account of Chinese immigrants, made by D. D. Beatty in Downieville, c.1894. The result is a remade book, part document, part poetic archaeology.
OP08 Using Real World Data To Support National Postmarketing Surveillance
Authors: Zuo Yeqin , Mullen Bernie , Hayhurst Rachel , Kaye Karen , Granger Renee , Dartnell Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

While medicines and medical tests are developed in a controlled clinical trial environment, postmarketing surveillance in the real world can be challenging. MedicineInsight—a database of longitudinal patient-level clinical information from primary care practices in Australia—is a novel program that collects primary care data to improve postmarketing surveillance at a national level.

Methods:

MedicineInsight collects de-identified clinical information from primary care practice information systems using data extraction tools. MedicineInsight currently includes 3.6 million regular patients of 3,300 family physicians (general practitioners) from 650 primary care practices across Australia. MedicineInsight data include longitudinal clinical information on diagnosis and medicines (dose, strength, route of administration, medication switches over time, adverse events, and allergies), and pathology testing data. A series of observational studies was developed for postmarketing surveillance of management of a range of health priorities including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), depression, and antibiotics use.

Results:

Forty-four percent of patients with T2DM in the MedicineInsight database did not have a recorded hemoglobin A1c result and thirty-one percent did not have a recorded blood pressure reading in the previous 6 months. While guidelines recommend a stepwise approach to the initiation of COPD therapy, forty-nine percent of patients with COPD (with or without asthma) were prescribed dual therapy at initiation and a small number (4.5 percent) were prescribed triple therapy. Between 2011 and 2015, the annual rate of antidepressant prescribing per 1,000 family physician encounters increased by eight percent. High volumes of antibiotics were prescribed for respiratory tract infections in Australian primary care, notwithstanding guideline recommendations that antibiotics are not recommended in most cases.

Conclusions:

Large scale, real-world clinical data from primary care practices can play an important role in postmarketing surveillance at a national level.
OP12 2017 Health Technology Assessment International Asia Policy Forum: The Importance Of Universal Health Care
Authors: Rintoul Andrew , Trowman Rebecca
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

The fifth Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Asia Policy Forum (APF) was held in Beijing, November 2017. The topic of the meeting was ‘Universal Health Care in the Asia Region: Overcoming the Barriers using HTA and Real World Data’. This presentation will focus on the goal of achieving universal health care (UHC) in the Asia region, and specifically the perspective of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods:

The 2017 HTAi APF had senior representatives from HTA agencies, academia, industry active in the region plus representatives from the WHO Geneva office and the Western Pacific Regional Office. A keynote presentation was delivered by the WHO representative and there were guided breakout group discussions.

Results:

UHC is a key component of the overall aims and objectives of the WHO; universal access to safe, effective, quality and affordable medicines and vaccines for all is at the heart of this. Pharmaceutical spending varies widely across the Asia region and all countries in the region share common problems in attaining UHC. These include inadequate financing, inefficiencies in procurement and supply chain management, limited use of effective pricing policies and negotiations, substandard quality of medicines and widespread inappropriate prescribing and use.

Conclusions:

HTA can be used to help countries in the Asia region to achieve UHC; it is a tool to support good decision making and hence can help promote more efficient allocation of limited resources. Affordability, however, needs to be at the center of any decision to invest or disinvest, and incremental cost effectiveness ratios should not be used as the sole basis for decision making.
OP19 Are Compassionate Use Programmes Good Predictors of Clinical Benefit?
Authors: Mills Mackenzie
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

In cases of high unmet clinical need, patients can access drugs prior to marketing authorization (MA) and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) through compassionate use programmes (CUP) or special access pathways (SAP). In theory, accelerated access is beneficial for patients with few therapeutic alternatives. In practice, it remains unclear if early access products actually deliver meaningful clinical benefit.

Methods:

Seventy-five drug-indication pairs were identified that have proceeded through a CUP or SAP in one or more countries including Canada, Australia, France, Sweden, England, and Scotland. Data was collected from regulatory and HTA websites on length of CUP or SAP, time prior to MA, time prior to HTA decision, time between MA and HTA decision, French Transparency Commission added clinical benefit (ASMR), and HTA decision. Cohen kappa scores were calculated in order to assess inter-agency agreement.

Results:

Across the 75 drug-indication pairs, average time between CUP and marketing authorization was 243 days, and average time between MA and HTA decision was 252 days. No products were deemed to be of major added clinical benefit (ASMR I), only 2.7 percent of products had important added clinical benefit (ASMR II), 26.7 percent of products had moderate added clinical benefit (ASMR III), 40.0 percent of products had minor added clinical benefit (ASMR IV), and 22.7 percent of products had no added clinical benefit (ASMR V). There is little inter-agency agreement in HTA recommendations for products that have proceeded through a CUP. The highest amount of agreement was seen between Canada and Scotland (k = 0.24).

Conclusions:

Preliminary results suggest that CUP and SAP products accelerate access, but often only provide only moderate or minor improvements in clinical benefit. Further, there is very little agreement across HTA agencies on the value of these products.
OP27 Patient Engagement At Scottish Medicines Consortium Committee Meetings
Authors: Lockhart Lindsay , Dickson Jennifer , Lee Anne , McGrath Peter , Hughes Yvonne
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Since 2014 patient group representatives have been able to observe Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) committee meetings as members of the public. However, they have had no opportunity to participate in discussions on their submission on the patient experience of living with the condition under review. In 2017, to strengthen patient engagement, we revised our processes to enable representatives from all submitting patient groups to play a bigger part in the monthly meeting.

Methods:

The SMC Public Involvement Network (PIN) Advisory Group consulted on potential issues around patient group participation in committee meetings. Recommendations approved for implementation included (i) provision of comprehensive information and support to participating patient group representatives, and (ii) holding an educational session for SMC members on ‘What matters to the patient’. The process change was introduced in June 2017. Patient group representatives are invited to complete an online survey on their experience of taking part in the meeting and working with the public involvement team. Implementation is being monitored and will be evaluated in a commitment to continuous improvement.

Results:

Since June 2017, 14 patient group representatives have attended SMC meetings for the discussion of their submission. This has enabled them to answer questions from committee members and clarify points relating to their submission, if required. Early feedback has been positive with participants believing that patient engagement has been strengthened and that the patient voice was heard and valued. Patient groups expressed a willingness to participate again. The evaluation of their experience to date will be presented.

Conclusions:

SMC now involves patient group participation at committee meetings, demonstrating commitment to listening and responding to stakeholders on patient engagement. Early feedback has been positive and suggests that discussions relating to quality of life impact on patients and carers better reflect the lived experience. This ensures we are meeting our commitment to openness and transparency and strengthens patient engagement in our process.
OP28 Partnership Working To Inform Patient Engagement In Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Lockhart Lindsay , Dickson Jennifer , Lee Anne , Coombes Martin
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) works in partnership with patient groups and carers to capture their experiences to help inform decisions on new medicines. To better inform their participation in the SMC assessment process, patient groups highlighted a need for information from submitting pharmaceutical companies about the new medicine under review.

Methods:

We established a multi-stakeholder short life working group (SLWG) to explore how to meet these needs. The group comprised members of the SMC Public Involvement Network (PIN) Advisory Group, representatives of two pharmaceutical companies and the Association of British Pharmaceutical Industries, and the SMC public involvement team. The main outputs were the development of a new Summary Information for Submitting Patient Groups (SIP) form and supporting guidance document. The SIP form completed by the submitting pharmaceutical company is then shared by SMC's Public Involvement Team, to assist submitting patient groups.

Results:

The SIP form was implemented in June 2016, and following positive evaluation, became essential for inclusion with the pharmaceutical company's new medicine submission in June 2017. Feedback has been positive, with patient groups reporting that the form includes valuable information that they may not otherwise have been able to access including the positioning of the medicine in the treatment pathway, information on dosage, administration and side-effects. The form is also completed in plain English without overly technical or marketing information. Company representatives who have completed the form state that it provides clear information on the licensed indication, enables accessible scientific evidence for patients and families/carers, and allows them to give accurate and balanced information about the medicine.

Conclusions:

Partnership working with key stakeholders has enabled SMC to provide improved information to submitting patient groups. A better understanding of a new medicine may in turn allow patient groups to participate more effectively in the HTA.