bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MENTAL IMAGES AND INTROSPECTION OF CONCEPTS, READING THE REALISTIC PERCEPTION IN CONTEMPORARY PLASTIC ARTS
Authors: AYOOB BANNAW HASSOON, AQEEL SAHIH FAISAL
Published: June 2023

Current research addresses the process of realization and its differentiation through two fundamental pillars of human knowledge: concepts and mental images; which are the mainstays of understanding and interpretation of the phenomena we see in reality; which is characterized by clockwork, all of which is thought through language, and different languages even different ideas (concepts) that reflect all mental corrections, and concepts are a derivative and a systematic repository of thought; Man returns to him as a cognitive repertoire for solving all sensory and non-sensory issues and in art concepts work the same; With the difference that in art they come direct images of meaning on the one hand; On the other hand, indirectly, mental deportations are based on an understanding of the intent. The researcher elaborated on this and illustrated it in this tagged study, which included the following joints:

The prelude to the research included the formation of the question that was the culmination of the problem of research: the question of how artists included in the representation and illustrative manipulation of concepts, or the modification of mental images and the work of new concepts? The extent to which artists marry the world ' To achieve wider than expected cities? The researcher then developed the boundaries of the research with its three hinges, followed by the identification and definition of terminology, followed by the theoretical robustness: in which the researcher developed the theoretical robustness that included: perception of reality through the product of concepts and intellectual images as a cognitive mattress, and then the research procedures, which contained the method used and analysis of the research sample, and analysis of the findings and conclusions.
Retracted
Authors: Retracted
Published: June 2023

Retracted
GAUGING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM POLICIES OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES: CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Cauilan Ludivina P.
Published: June 2023

This abstract provides a detailed summary of a study designed to evaluate the execution of the Faculty Development Program (FDP) policy at Cagayan State University (CSU). The FDP policy is intended to improve faculty members' professional development and academic competency, thereby ensuring the delivery of high-quality education. The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness, problems, and impact of the FDP policy at CSU. A mixed-methods approach was used in the research process, which included surveys, interviews, and document analysis. The survey was given to a representative sample of faculty members from several colleges across the institution, and key stakeholders such as administrators, department heads, and FDP coordinators were interviewed. In addition, policy documents and reports were examined to get insight into the FDP policy's formulation and implementation. According to preliminary studies, CSU's FDP policy has been fairly effective in encouraging faculty development. The majority of respondents agreed that the policy had a favorable impact on their professional development and teaching effectiveness. Several problems, however, were noted, including limited financial resources, insufficient infrastructure, and a lack of defined standards for FDP participation and evaluation. The analysis emphasizes the need for strategic improvements in the FDP policy's execution. Allocating greater financial resources to assist faculty development initiatives, improving physical and technology resources, and establishing uniform procedures for FDP implementation, assessment, and monitoring are among the recommendations. Furthermore, building a culture of collaboration and mentorship among faculty members is critical to the FDP policy's sustainability and efficacy. The findings of this study will provide guidance to CSU administrators, policymakers, and decision-makers regarding the essential actions to enhance the FDP policy's implementation. The ultimate goal of this research is to improve teacher professional development and, in turn, the standard of instruction at Cagayan State University.
SUBMISSION AND DELAY IN THE POEMS OF AL-NABIGHA AL-JAADI
Authors: HUSSEIN ABDEL HUSSEIN DOAA ADEL HAMAD,
Published: June 2023

Language is the poet's tool through which they express their poetic experience, regardless of its subject. The secret of beauty and impact lies in the poet's ability to use language in a unique way. Among the mechanisms of special language usage are the techniques of presentation and delay, which the poet modifies to express the essence of the meaning that comes within the framework of general utility language. One of the most prominent meanings of presentation and delay is to draw the recipient's attention to enable the meaning itself. Usually, the important aspects are presented, giving rise to a new meaning that is different from the original meaning.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE BIOCLIMATIC MAP OF IRAQ
Authors: IHSAN ABDUL KADHIM ABDUL ZAHRA MUTHANNA FADHEL ALI AL-WA'ILI,
Published: June 2023

The study aims to determine the extent of change in the boundaries of bioclimatic regions, which are of great importance for human comfort, as they are factors that affect their health and activities. The research included analyzing the changes in climate characteristics that are closely related to human comfort. Climate data from the period of 1988-2020 were used, covering nineteen stations, with one station per province and two stations for Anbar province to cover its large area. The Oliver's quotient was applied for each month and each cycle to accurately determine the bioclimatic regions. The results were then represented cartographically for the bioclimatic regions of each month and each cycle, and a comparison was made among the three cycles to determine the changes in the boundaries of the bioclimatic regions. Statistical parameters were also used to determine the differences and their trends for the bioclimatic regions, based on standard deviation, difference magnitude, direction, annual and overall rate of change.

One of the important results obtained from the study is the presence of periodic differences in climate elements, especially temperature, which showed a relative increase, particularly in the third cycle compared to the first and second cycles. The study also revealed remarkable changes in the boundaries of the bioclimatic map of Iraq as a result of climate change. Thus, the study fully achieved its hypothesis in a scientific and statistically accurate manner. Tables were created to present the results, using color variations and maps to illustrate the regions and their changes.
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF JUVENILES IN ALGERIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: LAKLI NADIA, CHENAA AMINA, YAHYA BEY KHADIJA
Published: June 2023

Juvenile means a child who has not reached majority age, crimes committed by juveniles are among the most common phenomena at present as a result of several factors related to the child's personal and social conditions.

Most legislation, including the Algerian legislature, seeks to address this phenomenon by imposing dissuasive penalties to prevent this criminal phenomenon. However, these penalties fit with the child's age and circumstances. Therefore, it differentiates between the criminal irresponsibility stage and between the reduced penalty stage, but in a reduced form compared to those imposed on the adult criminal.
LEGISLATIVE POSITION OF GENETIC INVENTIONS
Authors: BAIDA SALMAN ABBAS, ZEYAD TAREQ JASIM
Published: June 2023

Intellectual property is the main engine of development. The world has known many developments that have contributed to the progress of the features of social, economic and cultural life. However, the most prominent of his revolutions is what is happening now, which called the technological revolution and the inventions and innovations generated by it. The most important and most dangerous thing is biology technology, known as biotechnology, which poses a major challenge with the rules and constraints it imposes on the various scientific, economic, ethical and legal levels, in addition to the great importance that biotechnology provides in various fields of life (agricultural, health, food, medical ) Industrial and environmental). From this point of view, the idea of ​​granting patents for this type of organism crystallized.
KHUL' BETWEEN SHARIA, LAW, AND REALITY - CAUSES AND EFFECTS
Authors: BOUKHALFI AMEL
Published: June 2023

This research seeks to reveal the reasons for khul' in Islamic jurisprudence and Algerian law, its implications,  and to clarify its truth in the reality of our Algerian society today, this has been explained by exposing the most important and prominent permissible reasons for requesting khul' in Sharia and comparing them with Algerian law, moreover revealing the reasons that push women in Algeria to request khul' in reality, then presenting the effects that Arranged by Sharia as a result of the occurrence of khul' between spouses and compared to the effects of khul' in the law, Moving to the effects of khul' in reality, which are primarily reflected on of spouses and childrens’ lives ,  as a result it has been reached through this paper that it is necessary to take into account and adjust the law of khul' set of legitimate reasons permissible to request khul' in Sharia, and this to mitigate its spread in society as well as   its consequent effects in reality by making  it A solution for good as a payment for the harm caused to women and the family as a whole, not the opposite.
A STUDY ON QUALITY OF SERVICE AT SKILL VERTEX, BANGALORE
Authors: S.SASIREKHA, DEEPIKA T, ARSHAN M, KARTHIKEYAN B, MOHANRAJ R
Published: June 2023

This project titled “A Study On Quality of service Of Skill Vertex “.The main objectiveof this study is to determine the quality of service that is by the Skill Vertex to its customers.

Primary, well defined objectives are framed to the study then questionnaire is preparedbased on defined objectives. The prepared questionnaire is used to get the direct response from theselected sample size of 120 customers of Skill Vertex on the basis of convenience sampling method.The response given by the employees are analyzed and interpreted using different statistical tools such as chi square test and correlation methods.From this analysis some general findings arrived and that are more related with the framed objectives for this study. It is found that the overall quality of service score is within  the acceptable level. According to the findings, the suggestions and recommendations are given whichwill be more helpful for the organization.
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF COVID-19 PROTOCOLS AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEFICIENT SOCIETIES IN POST-COVID ERA IN AFRICA: A CASE OF NIGERIA
Authors: ROMANUS UDEGBUNAM AYADIUNO, DOMINIC CHUKWUKA NDULUE
Published: June 2023

Africa recorded her first confirmed COVID-19 case in Egypt on 14 February, 2020. Thus far, the number of new confirmed cases and deaths increased despite the World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. The study aims at determining if the conceived and adopted protocols against COVID-19 and the post-COVID era in the infrastructural deficient societies of Africa and indeed Nigeria are sustainable. Empirical research design was adopted based on the data randomly drawn from a population who are residents of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Anambra, Lagos, Kano, Rivers States, States termed most vulnerable to infection in Nigeria. The sampling unit was based on a pilot study, using four hundred randomly selected adult residents who are literate in the sampled States using online structured questionnaire, supplemented by phone call - oral interviews, and other literature sourced from secondary sources. The primary data used for the study were obtained through the administration of questionnaires via online, and were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results were presented in tables, graphs and charts. The Mean Weighted Value statistical analysis was carried out with the Gross Mean Weight Value (cut-off point) at 2.60. The study found that Unplanned, Uncoordinated and Unregulated Transport System, Epileptic Power Supply, Dominant Primary Economic Production, Unplanned Settlement, Corruption, Congested Settlement, Congested Market Places, Small Traders and Artisans sustenance on daily basis, Nigeria’s Mono-economy, Import Dependency and Shortage of Food militated against the COVID-19 control protocols and still subsists in post-COVID era. It therefore recommends massive infrastructural development in African countries for sustainability, diversify economic activities in order to create additional values to the socio-economic activities that will lead millions of Africans out of poverty, put in place and enforce sustainable hygiene protocols that will promote and guarantee good health and healthy environment of the societies in Africa.
UNVEILING THE UIC APPROACH: TOWARDS A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR RETHINKING THE DEFINITION AND IMPLICATIONS OF TERRORISM
Authors: YASER ESMAILZADEH
Published: June 2023

This study explores a novel approach to defining terrorism, and evaluating its potential contributions and limitations. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept by analyzing its key features, motivations, and impact. The study proposes a new definition of terrorism that accounts for the complex and evolving nature of this phenomenon, building on the conceptual framework proposed by Prof. Alex Schmid and Prof. Ben Saul. By examining the key features, motivations, and effects of terrorism, the research seeks to offer a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the concept that can inform policy and practice. This innovative approach to defining terrorism will be evaluated in light of existing literature and empirical evidence, to advance the discourse on this critical issue. The findings of this research present a new definition of terrorism based on the UIC approach. The UIC approach has three basic components: (1) Understanding Terrorism, (2) Interests of Actors, and (3) Counterterrorism Policy & Implications. A comprehensive definition of terrorism will be provided using the approach introduced in the article.
EXCHANGE AND THE MULTIPLICITY OF THE HADITH NARRATION IN THE FOOTNOTES ON THE SUNAN OF IBN MAJAH BY THE TRIBE OF IBN AL-AJMI (AS A MODEL)
Authors: SALEH SULEIMAN SALEH, YOUSIF KHALAF MAHEL
Published: June 2023

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the best of those who utter the most complete words, the clearest statement and the sweetest tongue, our master Muhammad, and on his good and pure family, and on his companions who are imitated and guided by guidance and clear light, and those who walked on their path and guided them until the Day of Judgment....
OPERATIONALISING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE FOR AREA-BASED SUSTAINABILITY IMPLEMENTING UN-SDGS (2015-2030) AT THE LOCAL DISTRICT AREA
Authors: LUDI APIN, MOHD SAYUTI HASSAN
Published: June 2023

This paper discussed district sustainability as a set of system delimitations that are practically appropriate and manageable to implement the seventeen UN-SDGs to balance environmental, social, and economic development. By default, the district system is a socio-ecological system and a geographically defined area where the sustainability pillars are balanced to provide a symbiotic condition. However, the consideration and operationalisation of environmental role in the district’s socio-economic development decision-making process not explicitly emphasised. The emphasis should focus on the critical role of communication, participation, and collaboration among diverse stakeholders in implementing and operationalising the natural environmental role, the fundamental component of district sustainability, and further democratising natural resources and landscape planning to guarantee district sustainability. If replicated all the districts within state, provincial, regional, and national levels, the sustainable district could aid in the achievement of the 17 UN-SDGs.
TRACING THE ROOTS OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020 AND THE INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS PERTAINING TO IT
Authors: PRASHANT RAMESH DHAGE et al.
Published: June 2023

‘We desire character in education, humanism in science, morality in politics, prosperity endeavors, commercial integrity, discretion in happiness, and sacrifice in religion.’-Swami RamatirthThe Vedas and Vedic literature served as the foundation for the extensive cultural education system of ancient. In the Vedic age, education prepared learners for life after schooling in this world as well as for total realisation, independence, and self-realization. It was achieving two goals at once: self-realization and socialisation. Great academics were developed by the enlightening Gurukul system, creating the groundwork for elaborate subject-specific education. Their knowledge of the life sciences, astronomy, mathematics, yoga, and metalworking made a significant contribution to the globe. With the Apex Court's judicial rulings, new Article 21 A was added to the Indian Constitution, which is the most revered legal document for system governance. Following that, the New Education Policy, 2020, which served as the basis for the current educational system, represented the same heritage of ancient Indian Knowledge. It acknowledges the need to restructure the entire structure of the educational system, from early childhood through higher education and research. The urgent need is for this radical transformation of the educational system, especially as the globe shifts into a digital era driven by cutting-edge technology.By focusing on three different areas, the writers of this study have attempted to highlight the same theme of improving the educational system. In order to study ideas about quality education that are expressed in ancient texts and discourses pertinent to 21st-century education, let's first take a broad historical overview. The second section of the research summarises the interacting effects of educational restructuring in NEP, 2020 with vocational education stratification structures in contrast to ancient Indian education. The third and most important section analyses Article 21A of the Indian Constitution and NEP 2020 provisions in relation to "Atamanirbhar Bharat."
CRIMINALITY OF ECOCIDE AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS: A CASE OF LEGISLATIVE INTERVENTIONS
Authors: HARSHVARDHAAN M et al.
Published: June 2023

More than the previous century, the destruction caused on environment potentially has been the highest in last decade or so. A report by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) places it as the fourth-largest criminal operation in the world, just after counterfeiting, human trafficking, and drug smuggling. It is very recent that environmental damage is treated at par with a criminal activity, and with the looming crisis of climate change, it is now, more than ever that criminality of ecocide should be looked into. But it is not an easy process since the contrast between crime and damage highlights a persistent dilemma for criminology, whether to limit its focus just on legally recognized offences or delve into activities that are legal but its effects are negative and needs to forbidden. For the longest time, violations of law are dealt with but lawful degradation is brushed off with moral derangement but it derails the future whose basis is in environment. With the support of an internationally enforceable legal framework, these crimes and harms need to be addressed through both informal and official modes of settlement and restitution. This paper explores ecocide as a new challenge for the existing regulatory framework and recommends new legislative interventions.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL VALIDITY OF LIABILITY TO DEDUCT TAX AT SOURCE (TDS)
Authors: PRADHUMNA MALPANI et al.
Published: June 2023

Tax is a levy imposed by a government on the income of citizens of a State for which the government does not directly support the taxpayer. It has been a major source of government’s revenue be it Income Tax, GST, Wealth Tax etc. Government has adopted various methods of tax collection one of which is Tax deduction at source (TDS). It is an instrument designed for quick and smooth collection of tax due to the authorities from the taxpayer. The objective of TDS could be said, in general, to be maximization of revenue collection while minimizing the cost of collection. This approach is generally followed in B2B transaction where the purchaser has to pay the government a certain percentage of amounts directly after deducting the said amount from the purchase consideration. The Government has introduced this method to reduce the cost of collection. But the cost which is reduced for the government is imposed on such businesses who are a mere third party to the transaction, a medium between tax-payee and the government. The government has two agencies for tax collection, one being designated tax officers from the government and the other being private tax deductors. The former is paid for his services rendered to the government while the latter receives no such remuneration; however, the latter can be penalized in forms of fine, punishment for negligence or some other error which is not the case with the former. There is a possible and substantial violation of Article 14. Moreover, Article 23 of the Indian Constitution forbids any kind of Bonded / Forced Labour on Indian people. Which makes us think, whether payment of tax on behalf of the other party comes under the ambit of forced labour? Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the scope of TDS provisions under the Income Tax Act, 1960 in light of Article 14 and Article 23, in order to further investigate the Constitutionality of the provisions and taxation procedure as a whole.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SECTION 25, 26 AND 34 OF RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITY ACT, 2016 WITH RESPECT TO RIGHTS OF HEMOPHILIC PEOPLE
Authors: SUMIT TAK et al.
Published: June 2023

Having a healthy life is the right of every human being. The State has to help people live a healthy life and support people suffering from any disease. In this article, the researcher focuses on one of the diseases called Hemophilia. Hemophilia is a bleeding and genetic disorder. It is included in the Rights of People with Disability Act, 2016. It is a highly neglected disease. There is no research from a legal perspective on this topic. This research paper will help understand hemophilia and gaps under the Rights of Persons with Disability Act, 2016. The researcher will analyse sections 25, 26 and 34 of the Act. After studying and analysing all these things, the researcher will apply the doctrinal method and examine some Conventions, Acts, Case Laws, etc. The researcher finds that these sections do not achieve the purpose of this Act or various conventions done to protect disabled people.
STREET SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY FROM NORTH GOA
Authors: G. SHABER ALI, PRATIBHA NIRMALA JOSE, GIRISH ABHYANKAR
Published: June 2023

Woman is subjected to violence, cruelty, and harassment from time to time. Various laws are made in India to protect and punish offenders. But till now there is no separate provision, rules or regulation to punish offenders against ‘street sexual harassment against women’. Street sexual harassment is rampant in our society, the criminals are not punished, and such harassment continues. The concept of street sexual harassment is unexplored, no socio-legal study is done specifically in this field in India. Thus, the authors have conducted the socio-legal study and put forth the data obtained from various stakeholders including respondents who are victims of street sexual harassment and law enforcement authorities. The stiffest challenges faced by women are that of sexual harassment in public spaces. This form of exploitation of women and their privacy, only because of their gender, is today turning out to be a pervasive and overly complex crime to control. Such crimes do not limit itself to certain locations, situations nor time of day. The present research study seeks to bring to attention that women and girls experiencing even slightest abuse are forced to break out of their childhood innocence, tolerate it and helplessly suffer in silence. The authors conclude that the current provisions of law are not sufficient to curb street sexual harassment. Thus, there is a need to introduce stringent provisions in the matters relating to street sexual harassment against woman.
THE MEDIUM OF LANGUAGE IS ENGLISH IN INDIAN JUDICIARY: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: BHADRESH A. DALAL
Published: June 2023

This article discusses non-English speakers and the legal system. The state high courts will likely adopt their respective official languages, which would be disastrous for the Indian judicial system. Language has always been a sensitive topic in India. The higher judiciary places a premium on the English language. Without a doubt, there is merit to the claim that district court litigants would benefit from hearing proceedings in their native tongue.
OVERSIGHT OF THE LAWS’ CONSTITUTIONALITY IN THE JORDANIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM
Authors: JEHAN K ALZUBI
Published: June 2023

The constitutional oversight radically aims to embed the law’s principles by monitoring the laws’ implementation, protecting the freedoms of the individuals, and reinforcing the constitution respect. The Jordanian judiciary practiced its right to monitor the constitutionality of laws by refraining from applying the legislative text that contradicts the constitution. This situation continued until there were calls to hand over the constitutional oversight to an independent body whose attention is focused on verifying that the public authorities in the state respect the constitution’s supremacy. Accordingly, the constitutional court was established based on the promulgation of Constitutional Court Law No. 15 of 2012. The constitutional court was established basically to oversight the constitutional legislations. The present study discussed the constitutional oversight through five main dimensions; Framework and organization of the Constitutional oversight in Jordan, the jurisdictions of the Constitutional Court, the nature of the Constitutional Court and its judicial policy, the right to litigation and ways to initiate the constitutional lawsuit, and the validity of the Constitutional Court judgments and their related legal effects. According to the study methodology, a set of recommendations was provided.
A STUDY ON THE PENDENCY OF CASES IN INDIAN COURTS VIS-À-VIS HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: ASHISH SHARMA, YOGENDER SINGH
Published: June 2023

In a progressive and developing society, one of the sound principle of the criminal justice system is that “Justice delayed is justice denied’. The delay in dispensation of justice adversely affects the two important fundamental rights which are, Right to access justice and the rule of Law. Both are the part of the Indian Constitution. In various decisions, the Indian Supreme Court has under scored the importance of expeditious trial. Right to speedy trial is one of the facet of the Right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the constitution of India. According to the Ministry of law, there are nearly five crore cases are pending as of now in courts3. India is on the top in pending of cases across the globe. In spiteof the establishment of the tribunals, the situation of pendency is becoming worse. There are various reasons which can be attributed to the situation of pendency of cases. Among them some are; awareness of the legal rights by the people, emergence of new ways of access to justice such as RTI and PIL, inadequate number of judges in courts. Government needs to take initiative in controlling the backlog of cases so that time justice could be imparted to all segments of the society. In present time, the pendency of cases is directly connected to the issue of human rights. Pendency of a case in the court of law endangers numerous human rights. This research paper attempts to examine the various loopholes which leads to the pendency of cases in Indian courts and violates the human rights.
INNOVATION IN HEALTH CARE SERVICES AND HOSPITAL AMBULATORY ACCREDITATION AS A DETERMINANT OF PERCEPTION OF QUALITY OF CARE: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR COLOMBIA
Authors: MARIO DE LA PUENTE et al.
Published: June 2023

This study analyzed the perception of compliance with the four factors of innovation in medical services in two groups of patients after undergoing outpatient procedures in an accredited and a non-accredited hospital. Seventy-eight patients were treated at the accredited hospital and 80 at the non-accredited one. A quasi-experimental design based on a pre-test, post-test, and a focus group was applied. A Welch correction t-test and a Tau Kendall correlation coefficient were also applied. Patients treated in the accredited hospital considered that the four characteristics of innovation studied were better applied, and that accreditation in outpatient procedures improves the hospital to achieve its institutional objective. This research will contribute to understanding how innovation in healthcare impacts the perception of quality of observed patients. The present research document is the result of the joint work of the Research Group "Democracy and Modernization of the Colombian State".
ZERO-BASED BUDGET IN RESTRICTIVE CONTEXTS: WORK METHODOLOGY APPLYING FUZZY LOGIC FOR SMES
Authors: KLÉBER ANTONIO LUNA ALTAMIRANO et al.
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The objective of the research is proposed a methodology to prepare a Zero-Based Budget (ZBB) for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Ecuador, applying fuzzy logic. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach is assumed to show findings derived from the work carried out in these Ecuadorian business units, belonging to non-essential sectors such as wood, textiles and footwear. Fuzzy logic, the technique of expertise, and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (TpFN) are used to capture true budget levels. Findings: The results recommend that optimal budget levels can be obtained for SMEs in restrictive and health emergency contexts. Originality/value: As a result of COVID-19 pandemic, markets and demand are contracting causing variations in income and demanding greater rationalization at the level of expenditures. For SMEs is essential prepared income and disbursements estimates. Based on the methodology proposed, predictions are made to achieve the objectives of SMEs. Directors will be able to make more successful decisions for the benefit of their companies, to streamline operations, direct the achievement of objectives, rationalize expenses (costs and expenses), and to project better scenarios in the future before carrying out cost-benefit analysis.
FILM COMMISSION MODEL AS A STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE TAMPICO-MEXICO METROPOLITAN AREA
Authors: JORGE NIETO MALPICA et al.
Published: June 2023

This article presents a Film Commission (FC) model as an alternative with the potential to contribute to the economic development of the Metropolitan Area of Tampico, Mexico (MAT). The proposal is theoretically based on approaches to economic development with a regional approach and the potential impact of film commissions based on different international studies. The model is the product of a questionnaire made up of the opinion of eight experts who have worked closely with these projects in Mexico, applied through in-depth interviews with 69 individuals considered as living or social forces of the region, analyzing five dimensions: audiovisual infrastructure, service infrastructure, human and material resources, monumental heritage and the existing possibilities, according to the opinion of the public and private sectors. Based on the results, stakeholders are interested and consider that creating a FC would be very positive for the MAT because it would boost audiovisual infrastructure, economic growth, visibility and image improvement, induced tourism, and positioning within international markets. Furthermore, it would promote productive linkages“forwar” and“backward” contributing to consolidating regional growth and development dynamics. Beyond the academic aspect, our work can contribute to the public policy agenda, given that the proposed model is not part of current official development policies.
TECHNOLOGY A FACTOR IN DETERMINING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF WOMEN LEAD ENTERPRISES
Authors: JOHANNA ROSALI REYES-REINOSO et al.
Published: June 2023

This study analyses a model proposed by the authors based on the literature review whose constructs are the factors that influence the sustainable entrepreneurship of Ecuadorian women analyzed in previous studies. The ICT construct is added with the idea of determining the role played by technology in the sustainability of these enterprises. The research methodology is located in the positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, and descriptive type with a field design; the population analyzed are women entrepreneurs in the provinces of Cañar and Azuay. The data collection technique used was an instrument divided into sections, the first consisting of dichotomous questions, while the second was a questionnaire with questions measured on a Likert scale. The results of the analysis concluded that the factors that determine the sustainability of female entrepreneurship are associated with the type of entrepreneurship and the use of technology, which was also highlighted in the context of the pandemic that caused a social distancing and has left a new way of doing business, taking advantage of the technological era that has been installed in all latitudes. Once the model has been tested, it is concluded that information technologies determine companies’ sustainability.
RESOURCE VALUE CO-CREATION IN RETAIL: INTEGRATING SERVICE DOMINANT LOGIC OF MARKETING AND CONSUMER CULTURE THEORY
Authors: ABDUL WAHEED IMRAN SADIQ,
Published: June 2023

To establish the framework for the research of the value co-creation process in the retail sector, the study merges the Service Dominant Logic of Marketing (S-DL) and Consumer Culture Theory (CCT). S-DL is widely adopted, criticized, developed, and coupled with many disciplines on a global scale. This logic heavily relies on the concept of value co-creation (VCoC), which outlines the overarching objective of marketing interactions and partnerships. S-DL offers a framework for actors' actions and reactions when they collaborate to integrate resources with the intention of creating experiences. Further, thirty-eight interviews were conducted to find out the type of resources that are part of cocreated retail process. The study found out two main resources hard skills and soft skills. The largest frequencies scored was by soft skills. Further, hard skills got four sub themes. They are availability of the stock and on logging it on e-live, smooth operations, marketing research, evaluation and comparison with other brands, and good understanding and knowledge about the products they are selling. However, soft skills depicted thirteen sub themes. They are selling, vision, see the picture in long term, innovative people, adaptable, fresh ideas and new way of doing things, communication, build relation, judge the psychology of customer, creating value, experience to co-create value, try to build a good relationship, and honesty and integrity.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF FACULTY MEMBERS WORKING ON TENURE TRACK SYSTEM AND BASIC PAY SCALE SYSTEM
Authors: SADIA BATOOL HALEEMA BIBI, TEHSEEN TAHIR, UMBREEN ISHFAQ,
Published: June 2023

Education is one of the drivers of economy and the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) as knowledge contributors to the nation’s economy is significant. Educational organizations being service organizations quality of service depends directly on the capability, commitment, and motivation of faculty who provide it and ensuring quality is a challenge for education managers. One method of ensuring quality is by assessing the performance of faculty and ranking them based on their performance against set standards-Academic Performance Indicators. Teachers of modern education system have to carry out multiple tasks- administrative, teaching, research, Services.This blend descriptive comparative study in the domain of quantitative research approach was aimed to describe the two independent variables, TTS and BPS with a third variable performance of the faculty members in teaching, research publication and services outreach program. The objectives of the study were to identify the difference between teaching performance, research publications and service outreach program of TTS and BPS faculty members. Faculty of public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan was the population of the study. Multistage Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 370 faculties and 1110 Graduate students from the Social Sciences and Basic Sciences from randomly selected universities. And data have been collected through questionnaires. Statistical analyses were done by employing t-tests, ANOVA through SPSS.
LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AFFECTING SUSTAINABILITY PERCEPTION OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATOR
Authors: SAPPHASIT KAEWHAO
Published: June 2023

The objective of research was to predict the local environmental law knowledge affecting sustainability perception of local administrators. The populations were local administrators of Sub-district Administrative Organization (SAO) of Maha Sarakham Province in fiscal year of 2022. The Simple Random Sampling technique was conducted with 400 local administrators. The questionnaire used an instrument for data collection. Multiple Regression Analysis is an inferential statistic for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were mean, and standard deviation. The finding showed that the prediction equation of relationship between independent variables of Local Policy 1, Local Policy 2, Local Policy 3, and Local Policy 4. These 4 local policy affected to sustainability perception of local administrator of Maha Sarakham province. The results illustrated the prediction power of Local Policy 1, Local Policy 2, Local Policy 3, and Local Policy 4 were 68.80%, 67.60%, 72.20% and 73.40% respectively. To accomplish the local sustainability, the proper local environmental policy formulation is a critical part that should be paid attention because the local environmental policy will issue the good plan and action for local administrators to be a best guideline to implement and persuade the local people to actively participate and collaborate in environment and ecosystem conservation with correctly knowledge and clear understanding in all aspects of local environmental policy such as raise the level of maturity in managing natural resources and environment and building partnerships in managing natural resources and environment.
STATE CONTROL OF LAND PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN LAND LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: RIDWAN
Published: June 2023

This article shows that the state has the authority to control land as a legal subject on behalf of the people or in the public interest. The normative rules of law, both Indonesian land law and Islamic law have the same perspective, positioning the state as a legal subject who can control the land. In Islamic law, state land is landing whose owner is not known and there is no sign of having been owned by a person and the land was conquered. Meanwhile, state land in the context of the Indonesian state is all land within the territory of the Republic of which the owner is not or has not been known. The characteristics of state land, both according to Indonesian land law and Islamic law, are lands that concern the livelihood of many people (public utilities). State control over land to ensure the social functions of land can be guaranteed by various legal instruments to create social harmony.
WEAKENING THE LAST RESORT: THE UK NEWLY PROPOSED MINIMUM SERVICE LEVELS BILL TO WEAKEN THE LEGAL RIGHT TO STRIKE
Authors: HAMAD HAMED A ALHABABI
Published: June 2023

In early 2023, the government of the United Kingdom suggested new minimum service level legislation, putting the country in line with some other European countries such as France, Spain, Italy, and Ireland. Some countries do have minimum service levels criteria, however the method they do so differs from what is recommended in the United Kingdom in many ways. According to the UK government, the International Labor Organization (ILO) promotes minimum service levels. The ILO acknowledges that minimum service standards may be justified in some circumstances, such as when lives are at stake or when providing "basic" public services. It also states that minimum service levels should be established in conjunction with trade unions. This paper seeks to examine legislation that highlights the right to strike and the impossibility of putting any limits, as this violates all local and international rules. In addition, the study intends to examine the government's point of view and the grounds on which it bases its reliance on the legality of using the minimum work system as a figure for the working days lost during the strike in essential services.
PETITIO HEREDITATIS THEORITICAL AND JURISPRUDENCIAL REFLECTIONS ON ALBANIA IN COMPARISON WITH SOME EUROPEAN JURISDICTIONS
Authors: LAURA ÇAMI (VORPSI), AV. XHON SKËNDERI
Published: June 2023

This article provides a comparative analysis of the petitio hereditatis in the Albanian Civil Code with the legal systems of Italy, France, and Germany. The article explores the similarities and differences in the legal frameworks, judicial practices, and case laws across these jurisdictions. The analysis highlights the potential benefits and drawbacks of adopting different petitio hereditatis models in Albania, including the impact on the burden of proof, the right to inheritance, the revocation of inheritance, and the accretion of assets. The study draws on various sources, including primary legal texts, court decisions, and scholarly literature, to provide a comprehensive overview of the petitio hereditatis in each legal system. The findings of this research have important implications for the development of petitio hereditatis in Albania and suggest potential areas for future research and policy recommendations.
THE CURRENT POSITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVAL POST-JOB CREATION LAW: ENSURING THE INDONESIAN SDGS ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: SRI WINARSI et al.
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to identify and analyze characteristics of environmental permits and/or environmental approvals as prevention instruments for pollution and ecological damage. This also examines the urgency of simplifying licensing the environment as part of the ease of doing business. This paper applies the participatory empirical juridical research method, involving discussions and interviews with several related parties. This method is supported by the statutory and conceptual approach, using regulation materials and academic writings as primary sources. This paper highlights the figure of environmental approval law in the context of business licensing. However, implementing ecological approval law should be inherent in the principles of sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper presents new information about a figure of environmental approval law in the context of business licensing after the enactment of the Job Creation Law.
CONSTITUTIONALITY REVIEW OF INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS: HISTORY AND FUTURE
Authors: NOVENDRI MOMAHAD NGGILU, INDRA PERWIRA, ALI ABDURAHMAN
Published: June 2023

This article intends to describe the constitutional basis for the importance of mechanism for reviewing the constitutionality of constitutional amendments in Indonesia. This is based on: first, the existence of provisions both implicitly and explicitly regarding the limitations of constitutional amendments in the Indonesian Constitution, both contained in the Preamble which includes Pancasila as a philoshopie grondslag, the ideals of the state which is also a constitutional imagination, as well as in the body norms of the Indonesian Constitution as contained in Article 37 paragraph (5). Second, the history of amendments to the Indonesian constitution, which has gone through incidents of distorted constitutional amendments which were marked by the dissolution of the Constitutional Assembly as well as transition to the Indonesian Constitution by the President, which is not actually within his authority. The channel for reviewing the constitutionality of amendments to the Indonesian constitution in the future is required by adding this authority to the Constitutional Court, so that the Constitutional Court does not merely serve as a guardian of the constitution an sich, but also becomes a guardian of constitutional identity and the basic structure of the constitution so that it is not not removed and damaged by pragmatic and distorted constitutional amendments.
CRITICAL STUDY OF DEEP-LINKING, FRAMING AND EMBEDDING VIS-À-VIS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT IN INDIA
Authors: ATMARAM SHELKE et al.
Published: June 2023

Internet has undeniably benefited human society as a whole and has become the fulcrum of every sector across the globe. Cyberspace, a borderless world, has thrown various challenges which need to be maneuvered with care and caution as the future belongs to internet and information age. The research article projects light on the problems of protection of- copyright in the information age. Infringement of copyright in cyberspace has become very ordinary. Copyright can be infringed in cyberspace through multiple ways; the study discusses the problem caused by hyperlinking in form of deep-linking, inlining and framing. These types of linking violates the exclusive rights of owners of copyright which makes it imperative to strike a balance in usage of linking to promote freedom of information and protection of copyrights.The researcher adopted a doctrinal method to conduct this research. It tends to analyse the legislative stand on hyper linking in India.
CONSTRUCTION OF INDONESIAN CRIMINAL LAW POLICY ON THE CRIME OF MONEY POLITICS IN GENERAL ELECTION
Authors: ARIS SEPTIONO et al.
Published: June 2023

Money politics in general elections is one of the things that harm democracy by creating injustice. The rise of money politics is partly due to regulatory loopholes that cannot reach the perpetrators of money politics. This article aims to provide insight into the construction of Indonesia's current criminal law policy governing money politics and its effectiveness in combating electoral corruption. This research uses the empirical normative juridical method by referring to secondary data from legislation and scientific literature. The results conclude that the construction of criminal law policy on money politics is in-laws, including the Criminal Code and Law No. 7/2017 on General Elections. However, these laws are not effective in overcoming the crime of money politics. Comprehensive improvements are needed to overcome money politics in general elections, such as clear and firm regulations with strict legal sanctions, a legal apparatus with integrity, and political education for the community to prevent the practice of money politics. Thus, it is expected to reduce and overcome money politics and maintain the integrity of democracy in general elections.