bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Формування стійкого каналу передачі даних у мережі Інтернет
Authors: Ozerchuk I.
Published: October 2021

Проведено дослідження принципів формування стійкого каналу передачі даних у мережі Інтернет. Розкрито моделі, методи та алгоритми реалізації передачі даних у мережі Інтернет. Описано принципи формування мережі передачі даних. Підкреслено, що такий параметр, як швидкість передачі пакетів даних у мережі Інтернет контролюється потоком даних і одночасно – непрямими вимірами. Зазначено, що особливої проблематики набуває розподіл потоків даних найкоротшими шляхами для здійснення швидкої і якісної передачі масивів даних. Наголошено, що способи передачі даних у мережі Інтернет, які вимагають мінімального часу, або способи з мінімальними перешкодами належать до такого роду проблем, на основі цього, зауважено, що оптимізація тракту повинна здійснюватися за будь-якими технічними та економічними критеріями, а обрані шляхи повинні гарантувати ефективне використання ліній та вершин зв'язку. Обґрунтована необхідність створення та розвитку нових моделей комп’ютерних мереж у зв’язку з появою глобальних мереж, зростанням інформації, що підлягає передачі, її об’ємами та необхідністю підтримки якісної комп'ютерної безпеки. Описано реалізацію методу Дейкстри, Джонсона та Джексона. Математично обґрунтовано кожен з алгоритмів та сформовано низку переваг та недоліків описаних алгоритмів у процесі передачі даних у мережі Інтернет з урахуванням умов передачі, кількості інформації, що передається та каналів, як застосовано для передачі. Наголошено, що застосування розглянутих алгоритмів передачі даних дозволить оптимізувати процес передачі та обробки даних у комп’ютерних мережах, в свою чергу, оптимізована передача та обробка даних значно скоротить час роботи, а також витрати на розробку та підтримку програмних продуктів, зменшення витрат на вдосконалення серверного програмного забезпечення можливо за рахунок інтеграції інформаційних ресурсів у центр обробки даних, за умови здійснення інтеграції, значно знизяться витрати на послуги та передачу даних у мережі Інтернет.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK-INTEGRATIF DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Rusita Purnamasari  , Purnomo Heru
Published: October 2021

The 2013 curriculum is a complement to the previous curriculum, namely KTSP. With the emergence of the 2013 curriculum, there are issues in the form of pros and cons. Writing this article aims to find out how the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in thematic-integrative learning at the elementary school level. The method used in the research is literature review by searching journals, while other sources are obtained from books, laws, and government regulations. The results obtained from this literature review are the implementation of the 2013 curriculum, the things that support the successful implementation of the 2013 curriculum, the implementation of thematic-integrative learning, and also the obstacles faced in implementing the 2013 curriculum in thematic-integrative learning in elementary schools.
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMOTIVASI ANAK UNTUK BELAJAR DI SD N 2 TAMBAKREJA KECAMATAN LAKBOK KABUPATEN CIAMIS PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Yuni Astriani  , Purnomo Heru
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan orang tua tentang pendidikan anak-anak serta apa bentuk-bentuk peran orang tua dalam memotivasi anak untuk belajar. Penelitian ini dimotivasi oleh fakta yang saat ini terjadi di masyarakat khususnya di desa Tambakreja kecamatan Lakbok kabupaten Ciamis, yaitu peran orang tua terhadap motivasi belajar anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif karena menggunakan data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap pihak yang dimungkinkan untuk memberikan informasi dan data akurat di desa Tambakreja Hasil penelitian adalah masih banyak orang tua yang masih kurang sekali terhadappemberian motivasi dan kepedulian mereka untuk pendidikan anak-anaknya.
МОРАЛЬНІ ЦІННОСТІ СУЧАСНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ
Authors: Ковбасюк Тетяна
Published: October 2021

У статті проаналізовано моральні цінності сучасного виховання. Висвітлено основні теоретичні положення щодо змісту і сутності процесу виховання моральних цінностей зростаючої особистості, зокрема на основі аналізу філософських, педагогічних та психологічних праць провідних вітчизняних науковців встановлено, що утвердженню моральності сприяє багаторазове здійснення самостійного морального вибору, здатність покладатися на себе і відповідати за свої вчинки. Розкрито значення понять «цінності», «ціннісні орієнтації», «моральність», «моральні цінності». Особливу увагу акцентовано на ролі сім’ї  як соціальному інституті та важливому компоненті освітнього процесу.
Taswira ya Mwanamke katika Kipindi cha Bi. Msafwari Runinga ya Citizen Nchini Kenya.
Authors: Kibet Janet Jepkurui , Omollo Rebecca Wanjiru , Mavisi Rose
Published: October 2021

Utafiti huu unalenga kuchunguza na kutathmini taswira ya mwanamke katika kipindi cha Bi. Msafwari Katika runinga ya Citizen nchini Kenya kwa mtazamo wa kifasihi. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na lengo lifuatalo: Kueleza nafasi ya mwanamke katika kipindi cha Bi. Msafwari Katika runinga ya Citizen nchini Kenya. Nadharia iliyotumika katika utafiti huu ni nadharia ya Ufeministi mathalani Ufeministi wa Kiafrika na nadharia ya mtindo. Nadharia ya Ufeministi ilifaa utafiti huu kwa kuwa inashughulika na masuala ya kijinsia hasa jinsia ya kike. Muundo wa kimfano ulitumika katika uchanganuzi wa utafiti huu. Utafiti huu ulijikita katika maktabani ili kupata maandishi yanayohusiana na mada iliyoshughulikiwa. Kutokana na maelezo haya, kundi lengwa la utafiti ni kipindi cha Bi. Msafwari Katika runinga ya Citizen. Sampuli iliyotumika ni sampuli ya kimaksudi ambayo kipindi cha Bi. Msafwari kiliteuliwa.  Utafiti huu ulitumia mbinu ya kutazama, kusikiliza na kurekodi vipindi katika kukusanya data yake. Matokeo ya utafiti yalijitokeza wazi kuwa, nafasi ya mwanamke ni: kumfurahisha mume wake, kumsaidia mume wake, kutii, kumheshimu na kunyenyekea mbele ya mume. Pia ana nafasi ya kudumisha amani katika ndoa. Ukusanyaji na uchanganuzi wa data, uwasilishaji wa matokeo ulifanywa kwa njia ya maelezo. Utafiti uliofanywa utawafaa watafiti wengine watakaojishughulisha na mada inayohusu mwanamke kwani wataweza kurejelea kazi hii ili kupata habari kuhusu nafasi ya mwanamke. Kwa ujumla, utafiti uliyofanywa ulichunguza taswira ya mwanamke katika kipindi cha Bi. Msafwari.
Kendala Implementasi Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Agama Hindu Pada Siswa Kelas V Di SDN Pandawei-1
Authors: Lasmini
Published: October 2021

Corona virus or covid 19 is a dangerous virus that attacks the human respiratory system. Corona virus able to change the order of almost all of life’s joints in the world of education. In order to break the chain of the covid 19, goverments introduce a pattern of long range learning by means online learning. Application of this learning model certainly brings its own impact to students. The puspose of this study is to know the impact students are experiencing class 5 country primary school Pandawei during the online learning system. The method used was qualitative research methods with data collection techniques thrugh interviews and observations. The analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive. The main find of this research is increased students study habits using this online learning methods because the students are becoming accustomed  with technology so they’re easier discovering additional information about the lesson materials received search school.
Influence of Injection Moulding Parameters on Electrical Conductivity of Polypropylene-Graphite Composite Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Authors: Serban Daniiel
Published: October 2021

News on Green Energy and Green Hydrogen is spread on popular and academic media. When energy is obtained from sunlight, wind or water, we call it Green Energy. When hydrogen is obtained from electrolysis with Green Energy, we call it Green Hydrogen. Hydrogen Fuel Cells are electrochemical devices that convert hydrogen and oxygen s chemical energy into electricity and heat energy with high efficiency and contribute to the decarbonisation of the power supply. Bipolar plates, essential components of the fuel cells, made in polymer-carbon composites, are an economical alternative to the stainless steel, titan and graphite, traditional materials. Our experiments have used a polypropylene matrix filled with graphite with a total inorganic content of 87%, which contributes to high electrical and thermic conductivity but strongly influences the viscosity, flow, pressures, temperatures, and then challenging to process. Injection Moulding of thermoplastics is a technology widespread in all fields of activities and considerable potential. In this paper, the experiments design is highlighted in choosing the factors. A debate regarding the filling, packing, holding pressures, and the last decades approach and optimisation of injection moulding parameters with the Taguchi Method is presented. Conclusions on the injection moulding process of the bipolar plate made of a polypropylene-graphite composite, the parameters influence with direct effects on the fuel stack s performance are presented. The combined melt and mould temperatures influence most electrical conductivity by better contacting the electrically conductive particles through the polymer s melted layer. The injection pressure influences the mass and thickness of the product and the electrical conductivity by better packing. Furthermore, we suggest an adapted formula to predict the injection pressure considering the inorganic content and the process temperatures in agreement with the experiments.
Obtaining and Preliminary Characterization of Some Polyethylene Composites with Nickel-Silver Ferrite Filler
Authors: Caramitu Alina Ruxandra , Dascalu Radu , Ion Ioana , Voina Andreea , Lingvay Iosif
Published: October 2021

Samples of LDPE (low-density polyethylene) and LDPE-PANSA (low-density polyethylene -4-Amino-3-hydroxy- 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid) copolymer with Ag0.5�Ni0.5�Fe2O4 powder (as a filler) composites were developed. Following the preliminary characterizations on the thermooxidability (by thermal analysis techniques), the dielectric behavior (by dielectric spectroscopy technique), the mechanical behavior, etc. it was found that the developed materials do not show significant changes after 240 h exposure to 150 mW / m2 UV. The addition of 3wt% PANSA in LDPE has the effect of increasing the mechanical performance of polymer composites with Ag0.5�Ni0.5�Fe2O4 filler. The addition of 15 wt% ferritic powder leads to significant increases in dielectric losses (by about 100% in the case of pure LDPE and about 185% of the LDPE copolymer with 3 wt% PANSA) and to the increase of the real component of the relative permittivity (by about 34.4 % in LPDE, respectively about 36.4% in LPDE copolymer / 3% wt PANSA). Dielectric behavior of the investigated materials indicates that the effect of Ag0.5�Ni0.5�Fe2O4 powder in LDPE and of copolimer LDPE with 3 wt% PANSA consists in the increasing of the shielding efficiency of electromagnetic waves - the maximum effect being recorded in the case of the composite material with the content: LDPE 84.5 wt%, 2.5 wt% / PANSA and 13% wt% Ag0.5�Ni0.5�Fe2O4.
Green Synthesis of Clean Edge Graphene Nanosheets Using Natural Precursor
Authors: Somasekaran Balakrishnan , Thirunarayanaswamy Alwarsamy , Palanivel Ilamathi
Published: October 2021

Graphene, a two-dimensional crystalline allotrope of carbon, has received greater attention from numerous researchers due to its excellent properties. Graphene could be produced by various techniques, each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In this research article, a novel method using agricultural waste rice husk as a precursor and chemical activation to produce few-layer graphene nanosheets was developed. Traditional approaches significant shortcomings and the environmental concern of agricultural waste have been eliminated. The synthesized material was characterized using FESEM, Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometer, UV-Vis absorbance and FTIR analysis. FESEM analysis of the surface morphology revealed smooth edge few-layer graphene. The formation of sp2 hybridized atoms can be seen in XRD spectra at 26.3 degrees. The C=C stretching bonds detected at 1612 cm-1 wavelength are responsible for the graphitic structure.
Adaptive Potential and Endocrine Profile of Pulp and Paper Workers in Arkhangelsk
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alikina Viktoriya , Tipisova Elena ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Elfimova Aleksandra ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Maintaining good health and working capacity of the population is one of the main tasks of the healthcare system. Living under adverse climatic conditions of the North and being exposed to dangerous production factors of the pulp and paper industry, strongly represented in the Arkhangelsk Region, can significantly reduce the adaptive capacity of the body. Major role in providing an adequate response to the action of irritators and initiating the adaptation process is played by the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and circulatory systems, which reflect qualitative and quantitative changes in the body while being reliable markers of homeostasis. The aim was to study the adaptive potential of workers showing the level of functioning of the circulatory system and to evaluate their endocrine profile depending on the revealed functional capabilities of the body. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 men aged 22–60 years working in the production departments of Solombala Pulp and Paper Mill (Arkhangelsk) with a body mass index of 19–25 and without earlier history of endocrine pathology. Serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin and oestradiol were determined by means of radioimmunoassay, while serum concentrations of total cortisol, thyrotropin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, progesterone, testosterone, insulin, C-peptide, and somatotropin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The research demonstrated that in 2/3 of the examined employees of the pulp and paper mill the adaptation mechanisms were under strain, while the condition of two subjects corresponded to the physiological norm, which is characterized by good and satisfactory adaptation. Workers with decreased adaptive capabilities to the point of unsatisfactory adaptation showed increased levels of cortisol, thyroxine-binding globulin, oestradiol, C-peptide, and insulin against the background of a decrease in testosterone, progesterone, and the testosterone/oestradiol ratio. The authors recommend conducting periodic medical examinations of pulp and paper workers, including endocrine profile assessment, and monitoring changes that occur over time.
Morphofunctional Parameters of Adolescents Living in Urban and Rural Areas of Northern Krasnoyarsk Krai
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev, Kuzhuget Artysh , Trusey Irina ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev,   Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Kirko Vladimir ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses the morphofunctional parameters of 14–16-year-old adolescents living in urban (Lesosibirsk) and rural (Bor) areas in the north of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Based on the Quetelet index, boys and girls were divided into overweight (3.1 and 5.1 % respectively) and underweight (5.1 and 37.5 % respectively). Thus, the largest proportion of adolescents with a body weight deficit was recorded among boys (37.5 %). Reserve fat below the norm (< 11 %) was identified in 41 % of boy from Lesosibirsk and 80 % of boys from Bor. Moreover, in 9 % of the boys this parameter was critically low (3–4 %), which indicates dystrophy. The somatotype analysis revealed a weak development of the endomorphic component in all the groups under study, with the exception of girls from Lesosibirsk. Especially low values of this indicator were identified among boys from Bor (1.4 ± 0.2 points). All the subjects showed a decrease in respiratory parameters, namely, vital capacity was lower than the norm (р < 0.05) in girls by 0.9–1.1 litres and in boys by 0.5–0.7 litres. In general, vital capacity and peak expiratory flow were lower in adolescents from urban areas than in those from rural areas. The share of adolescents with an increased heart rate (> 90 beats/min) was largest among girls from Lesosibirsk (38 %); this group also had the biggest share of subjects with high Baevsky Stress Index (45 %). The share of subjects with high Baevsky Stress Index among boys varied in the range of 23.5–26.6 % and in girls, of 38.9–45.0 %. On the whole, the analysis of variational pulsometry parameters demonstrated a balance of the autonomic nervous system in heart regulation in 47.1–73.3 % of the subjects.
Vitamins B1 and B2 Status in Indigenous Northerners Leading a Seminomadic and Sedentary Lifestyle
Authors:   Federal Research Centre “Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Potolitsyna Natal’ya , Boyko Evgeniy ,   Federal Research Centre “Kоmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Published: October 2021

The Komi Republic is one of the regions with large communities of reindeer herders. As a result of the active development of northern territories, the indigenous population is shifting from nomadic to sedentary lifestyle, which is accompanied by significant changes in their traditional way of life and diet. As a result, representatives of the same ethnic group can have different dietary patterns. This paper compares the status of vitamins B1 and B2 between the groups of northerners leading a seminomadic and sedentary lifestyle. Indigenous inhabitants – children (aged 7–17 years, n = 395) and adults (aged 18–57 years, n = 370) – living in the Komi Republic (65–67°N) were examined. The group of reindeer herders consisted of workers of reindeer-herding teams travelling with the herd and their children (either attending boarding schools or living with their families). The control group was represented by indigenous northerners not involved in reindeer herding and permanently living in settlements. The vitamins B1 and B2 status was measured by the activity of vitamin-dependent red cell enzymes. We found a high prevalence of vitamin deficiency (over 40 % for vitamin B1 and over 30 % for vitamin B2) among the indigenous population of the North. The total prevalence of vitamin deficiency among reindeer herders was similar to that in the population leading a sedentary lifestyle; however, severe hypovitaminosis was more than twice as common among the latter. The vitamin status of reindeer herders’ children attending boarding schools and those living with their families during the academic year did not differ significantly from the status of children whose families lead a permanent sedentary lifestyle.
ROLE OF ACTIVITIES AND TIPS IN STATE MANAGEMENT AMIR TEMUR
Authors:   Associate Professor, Independent Researcher, Department Of Humanitarian Disciplines, Academy Of The Armed Forces Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, R.Т. Normatov
Published: October 2021

The article says that Amir Temur always applied measures, councils, meetings in governing the country, developed various measures and measures, improved the doctrine of statehood, the higher his military potential and merits in the field of creation, the more vividly his foreign policy and diplomatic activities were analyzed.
TEACHING PROOF TO STUDENTS USING EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS
Authors:   Teacher Of Math Department, Andijan State University, Uzbekistan, M.T. Toshpolatov ,   Teacher Of Math Department, Andijan State University, Uzbekistan, A.X. Abdullayev , I.S. Zaynobiddinov ,   Teacher Of Math Department, Andijan State University, Uzbekistan
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on teaching students how to use experimental mathematics in proving mathematical proofs. Firstly, the proofs of the theorem are analyzed by experiment and as a result of the ability of intuitive thinking, it is proved analytically. In the process of training, using experiments will increase the quality of the educational system.
THE EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF UMAR SAYFIDDIN'S STORY "QASHLAGICH"
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department Of Turkish Philology, Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Aminova Lolaxon Alimovna
Published: October 2021

We dedicate this article to the study of the famous Turkish writer Umar Sayfiddin's story "Qashlagich". The article analyzes the major themes of the story - kindness between people, attitude towards parents, child-rearing, good and evil, lies and honesty, justice and betrayal. The article reveals the educational value of the work. After all, it is not in vain that the beginning of every work is etiquette.
THE IMAGE OF THE EAST IN THE WORK OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN-SPEAKING WRITER DINA RUBINA
Authors:   Lecturer, Department Of Russian Literary Studies, National University Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Yuldasheva Okhida Bakhtiyarovna
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the image of the East in the work of Dina Rubina on the example of the story “Babka”. The theme of the East has become one of the important themes of the work of the famous writer Dina Rubina, who found her special reflection in the novel “On the sunny side of the Street”, in the stories “Babka”, “Gypsy”, “Killer”.
PHRASES WITH AYAK (FOOT) COMPONENTS IN TURKISH AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Teacher, Department Of “Turkish Philology”, Faculty Of “Turkic Studies”, Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Shabanova Sadaf Djumaliyevna
Published: October 2021

An important part of phraseology consists of somatic component expressions, the generality of which is reflected in the number of somatic phraseological units, their semantic and functional features in speech and their components. Somatic component phraseologies, including head/baş, eye/göz, hand/el and foot/ayak component lexemes, seem to be actively involved in revealing the commonalities of the customs, traditions, and daily lives of the peoples of the world. The purpose of this study is to explain the classification of phrases with a foot (foot) component and their semantic features.
NATIONAL FEATURES OF GENDER CHRONEMIC COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT LINGUA-CULTURES
Authors:   Ph.D., Uzbek And Foreign Languages Department, Customs Institute Of The State Customs Committee Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Abduazizova Durdona Abduzuhurovna , Solieva Malika Abduzuhurovna ,   Comparative Linguistics Department, National University Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the national peculiarities of gender-specific communicative behavior of the British, Uzbeks and Chinese. The author considers the correlation of gender national values of different linguistic cultures in their chronemic behavior with linear and cyclic time models. Gender features affect not only the perception of time by representatives of linguistic cultures, but also the language. It is due to such gender characteristics that the communication of people from different linguistic cultures is largely due to differences in their ideas about time. Representatives of linguistic cultures with a dominant masculine or feminine use of time in the process of communication experience displeasure and stress. Few people can adapt to the opposite use of time. To avoid such a conflict, the author suggests a position of understanding the difference and restructuring consciousness to a tolerant perception of a different approach to the organization of time. The author analyzes the issues of interpersonal relations, non-compliance with plans, schedules, agreements, which can be changed or revised at any time, depending on the circumstances and the significance of personal connections of communicants or vice versa. The author also identifies the properties by which it is possible to correlate to which type of cultures a communicant belongs: to a poly-chronic or mono-chronic culture.
NEW RENSION PEDAGOGY AND BOBUR'S PEDAGOGY HARMONY OF THEIR VIEWS
Authors:   Researcher Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Adilova Dilorom
Published: October 2021

The rich spiritual and moral heritage of Eastern thinkers, their pedagogical views, especially the ideas of morality, honesty, religion, conscience, diligence, science, humanity serve as a key tool in the comprehensive development of man. In this regard, the importance of the ideas of patriotism, diligence, generosity, courage, decency and kindness, which played a key role in the spiritual and moral views of the 15th century thinker Z.M. Bobur, is given in the education of a harmoniously developed person.
The role of the international committee of the red cross in resolving international conflicts
Authors: Othman Adel Hamzah
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the problem under study lies in the presence of armed conflicts in the international arena and the presence of a diverse abundance of ways to regulate them. The main purpose of this study is to identify the main provisions of international law applicable in international conflicts through the lens of the role of the Committee of the Red Cross in its development. This study covers and thoroughly analyses the history and the main purpose of the origin of the organisation. Furthermore, the study engages in an in-depth examination of the basic tasks and principles of the Committee's activities. As a result of the study, the existing theories of the participation and influence of the Committee in international legal relations will be clearly identified, as well as those theories that have emerged due to innovations in legal thinking and are capable of covering the specific features of the practice and effectiveness of this non-governmental organisation. In addition, the designation of the actual problems of the existence of this organisation, its relevance in the modern world, and the strength of the support of the world society. Among the successes of the scientific analysis of the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the development of international humanitarian law applicable in international conflicts is the reasoned hypotheses and confirmed statements of the importance of the Committee, which are described by the features of modernity, relevance, and compliance with the information and technological development of social relations of participants in healthy international relations, their supporters and opponents. This also includes the systematisation of scientific research, their analysis and reasonable refutation. A journey into the history of the emergence of international conflicts, their modification according to the development of social relations, as well as the processes of globalisation, will be the subject of comparative analysis aimed at identifying new methods and ways to avoid them
Genesis of the concept of correctional punishment: From antiquity to modern times
Authors: Yarmysh Oleksandr N. , Sokalska Olena V. , Kyrychenko Volodymyr Ye.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the genesis of the idea of correctional punishment. The authors analyse the concepts and views on the purpose of punishing Plato, Roman lawyers, European humanists, as well as English prison reformers of the XVIII century. The relevance of this topic for domestic legal science is due to the ongoing transformation of approaches to determining the purpose of punishment, the revision of strategies in the field of punishments in foreign penology and the development of correctional policy, taking into account new goals. The era of correctional punishment, admittedly, was the XIX century. The basis of penitentiary discourse during this period was the belief that with the help of a proper prison regime, segregation, humane treatment and spiritual care, it would certainly be possible to correct convicts. Although the ideas of correctional punishment appear in ancient times and acquire their practical implementation in the medieval Christian tradition of European states, the idea of the primacy of English and American prison reformers in the establishment of penitentiary systems prevails in historiography. An unbiased analysis of knowledge systems and the rejection of the methodology of ideological bias allowed proving that the penitentiary systems of the XIX century only developed the models of prison discipline that began in previous periods. In fact, there was a revival of the ancient paternalistic concept of correctional punishment, supplemented by a religious doctrine that provided for the influence not on the body, but on the soul of the offender to repent, correct and, as a result, return to society. At the end of the XVIII century, the secular authorities adopted these disciplinary models. They will be most widely implemented in correctional and penitentiary houses in England during the prison reform of the 70s and 90s and will later become the basis for the formation of penitentiary systems that will be implemented in practice in most countries of the world during the XIX-early XX centuries
Areas of reforming the statutory regulation of academic integrity in Ukraine
Authors: Kuznietsova Nataliia S. , Nazarov Ivan V. , Yefimenko Leonid V.
Published: October 2021

Academic integrity is the most important requirement for scientific research. However, the legal regulation of relations ensuring the academic integrity in scientific and educational activities is fragmented and does not contain effective mechanisms for influencing the violator of academic integrity. This necessitates a doctrinal study of the category “academic plagiarism” and the development of areas for reforming the current legislation in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse the statutory regulation of academic integrity as a phenomenon, the concept of academic plagiarism, its differences from plagiarism in the context of copyright compliance, to identify the scope of subjects responsible for establishing the facts of violations of academic integrity and their powers in the field of responding to corresponding violations, procedures for bringing to justice in case of violation of academic integrity. The present study, based both on general (historical, comparative, logical, and system) and special (structural-functional, formal legal, sociological, statistical, etc.) methods analyses the prospects of statutory regulation of the relatively new concept in Ukraine, which is academic plagiarism, including the legislative norms concerning the establishment of the concept of academic integrity, types of violations of academic integrity, procedures for considering issues of possible violations of academic integrity, types of responsibility for violations of academic integrity and bodies that have the right to apply them, verifies their compliance with international standards. The paper analyses the practice of the National Agency for Quality Assurance of Higher Education of Ukraine both on the consideration of complaints about violations of academic integrity, and within the framework of accreditation of educational programmes. Attention is drawn to the contradictions of current legal provisions in the legislation of Ukraine in the field of academic integrity. Proposals to the current legislation are formulated to optimise the legal regulation of the issue of compliance with academic integrity. The authors express their opinion on the necessity of accumulating legal regulation of academic integrity within the framework of a single law “On Academic Integrity” to define higher education institutions and scientific institutions as the main subject of ensuring compliance with the principles of academic integrity, and the National Agency for Quality Assurance of Higher Education – mainly by the appellate instance regarding decisions of higher education institutions on violations of academic integrity; adjusting the list of violations of academic integrity and specifying the procedure for their establishment and stimulating higher education institutions to real and not formal compliance with the principles of academic integrity
Economic sovereignty and economic security of Ukraine (interrelation and mutual understanding) in the context of their doctrinal and legal support
Authors: Tatsii Vasyl Ya. , Bilousov Yevhen M. , Kosinova Daryna S.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to address current issues of doctrinal and legal security of economic security of the state with the actualisation of issues concerning the relationship between the concepts of “economic security” and “economic sovereignty” in their relationship and mutual understanding. The authors pay attention to the analysis of existing in the national legal doctrines of individual countries scientific approaches to the definition of “economic sovereignty”, clarify its main features, analyse the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to define the concept of “economic security” and on this basis own vision of the instrumental content of these definitions. It is argued that the concept of “economic sovereignty” is primary in relation to the concept of “economic security”. The article examines the national systems (models) of economic security of the state, including, in particular, American, Japanese, Chinese, models of institutional entities (in particular, the EU), models typical of countries with economies in transition. The authors found that Ukraine is characterised by a system (model) of economic security of countries with economies in transition, which is fragmented and inconsistent in its construction, which ultimately affects the state of economic security of the state as a whole. It was found that the main goal of Ukraine at this stage of its development in the context of building a national model of economic security is to create an effective system of means to overcome or minimise existing or potential threats, especially in the context of globalisation of trade and economic relations. The paper emphasises the need to borrow positive foreign experience of legal support of relations for the creation and implementation of national systems of economic security of the state to gradually transform Ukraine into an important participant in the processes of international economic security
Interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses in criminal proceedings: Current state and prospects for improvement
Authors: Kaplina Oksana V. , Kuchynska Oksana P. , Krukevych Oksana M.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the procedure for obtaining information provided by minors and juvenile witnesses during interrogation regarding the circumstances known to them in criminal proceedings at the litigation stage, while ensuring the best respect for the children's interests. The authors employed philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods of cognition, which allowed conducting a detailed analysis of the procedure for interrogating minor and juvenile witnesses at the litigation stage. To develop scientific proposals for improving the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during the litigation, the study defined the principles of child-friendly justice that must be observed during this procedural action, as well as the guarantees stipulated by the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and aimed at implementing international standards for ensuring the rights of minors in criminal proceedings. The authors of this study state that the legislative definition of requirements imposed separately on the teacher, psychologist, and doctor involved in the interrogation of minor or juvenile witnesses, as well as the procedure for involving such persons by the court and the pre-trial investigation body, would considerably improve the quality of the required aid to minor witnesses and would meet international standards. The study analyses the international practices concerning the introduction of the institution of representation in the litigation of pre-recorded testimony of minors and juvenile witnesses. The authors established that the introduction of such an institution is absolutely justified and will have an exceptionally positive effect both for minor and juvenile witnesses, as well as for the process of proof, and can be implemented in Ukrainian legislation. Scientific proposals have been developed to improve the legislative regulation of the interrogation of minor and juvenile witnesses during court proceedings
Taking of biological samples for expertise under the legislation of Ukraine and its conformity with EU standards
Authors: Rohalska Viktoriia V. , Bronevytska Oksana M. , Boreiko Halyna D. , Shapovalova Iryna S. , Serkevych Iryna R.
Published: October 2021

The analysis of investigative and judicial practice shows that some lawyers regard the refusal of a person to provide voluntarily biological samples for examination as an execution of his/her right not to testify against him/herself. Analysis of the provisions of separate Judgements of the European Court on Human Rights allows us to conclude that the physical integrity of a person is covered by the concept of “private life” protected by Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and concerns the most intimate aspects of private life, and compulsory medical intervention, even insignificant, constitutes an interference with this right. Therefore, the criminalprocedural characteristic of obtaining of biological samples for expertise is given in the article. The authors analyzed and answered the questions: which particular samples should be attributed to biological ones, and whether it is possible to refuse to voluntarily granting of biological samples for examination in accordance to the realization of the right not to testify against him/herself. The possibility of obtaining of biological samples for examination from a person who is not a party to criminal proceedings or has not acquired procedural status has been considered. The article as well deals with the legality of obtaining of samples for examination before submitting information into the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations. The algorithm of actions of obtaining of biological samples for examination, including the compulsory order, is proposed. The following general scientific research methods were used: the dialectical method of legal phenomena, with the help of which the concept and the legal nature of biological samples for examination were studied; the comparative method – in the process of comparing the norms of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine (CPC) with the norms of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and decisions of the ECHR, etc.
Legal regulation of the police units’ activities of European countries in the road safety field
Authors: Chervinchuk Andrii , Pylypenko Yevheniia , Pekarskyi Serhii , Rekunenko Tetiana , Koller Yurii
Published: October 2021

Administrative and legal tools and instruments in the activities of the police in the field of road safety are little-studied issues in the scientific literature, and law enforcement and international legal, organizational practice do not always comply with the law. Blurred legal regulation of road safety is one of the problems of reducing accidents, accidents and deaths. The purpose of this article is to identify the effectiveness of legal regulation of police units in European countries in the field of road safety. The research methodology is based on the “anthropological approach in which the overall research context is emphasized in the text”. Secondary interview data and content analysis of publications for 2008-2021 were used to conduct a qualitative research to study EU policy and norms. The results demonstrate progress in road safety through a comprehensive system approach of policy implementation under the Road Safety Program 2011-2020. Improving compliance with the rules is one of the main components of EU policy implemented by various countries at the national level through national road safety programs. As a result of increased controls, most EU countries have managed to reduce accidents and deaths, but in middle-income countries there are still problems with police operations. These problems concern the inadequate outdated legal framework, which is not effective in the conditions of dynamic change of road infrastructure, integration of intelligent systems on roads for the strengthened control and accident prevention. EU policy and national legislation often remain rather vague, particularly in the context of motorcyclist and pedestrian safety, especially in urban areas. The lack of accuracy and detail in the legislation of safety measures exacerbates the problem of accidents. Police activities often do not provide a sufficient level of control when, under environmental pressures, the police are unable to provide quality traffic and data management
Types of law-making powers of the Ukrainian people
Authors: Kolodiy Anatoliy M. , Kolodiy Olexiy A.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of this problem is considered in the fact that in modern conditions of the state's process of developing a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, and legal state, the people's awareness of its place and role is one of vital aspects. The Ukrainian people's awareness of their rights and obligations, in this case law-making ones, will contribute to a real opportunity for the people to take part in the management of state affairs. Despite the fact that the problem of the powers of the Ukrainian people is extremely relevant at this stage of the Ukrainian history, it is understudied by Ukrainian researchers. Therefore, considering the above, this study is investigates such types of law-making powers of the Ukrainian people as the rights to: people's initiative, and within its framework – people's legislative initiative and people's referendum initiative; people's veto; people's survey, including regarding regulations; people's examination of regulations and draft regulations. The purpose of the present study is to consider theoretical material concerning the state of possibility of using the above-mentioned types of law-making powers of the Ukrainian people, as well as foreign practices in their implementation. The methodological framework of this study included an integrated approach, which involves a combination of numerous philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods. Based on the obtained conclusions and generalisations, the study aims to develop original proposals and recommendations for improving national legislation on this matter
How was the army of the Alash state built?
Authors: Zhussip (Aqquly) Sultan K. , Qamzabekuly Dikhan , Syzdykov Satay M. , Kemengger Kairbek R. , Maslov Khalil B.
Published: October 2021

It was 1919, that is, on the eve of the mutual acknowledgement of the Alash Autonomy and the Soviet rule of each other and the incorporation of the Kazakh Autonomy in the USSR. However, historical facts confirm that the leader of the Kazakhs was attempting to build a national army, a fully legal one, even during the period of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907, therefore in the period of the autocratic rule of the colonial empire, despite a number of insurmountable obstacles that seemed to stand in the way. The article is devoted to a historical analysis of the process of creating a legal national army of the Kazakh population and the political legalization of the Autonomous State of Alash on the territory of the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th century. The leader of the Kazakh National Movement “Alash”, Alikhan Bukeikhan was attempting to build a legal national army even during the period of the first Russian Revolution 1905-1907. However, he achieved his goal only after the February Revolution of 1917 – on the eve of the civil war, launched by the Bolsheviks.The leader of the Kazakh National Movement “Alash”, Alikhan Bukeikhan was attempting to build a legal national army even during the period of the first Russian Revolution 1905-1907. However, he achieved his goal only after the February Revolution of 1917 – on the eve of the civil war, launched by the Bolsheviks
The idea of independence and freedom in the activities of Hasan Oraltay
Authors: Aktailak Bakytzhan B. , Sadykov Tlegen S. , Kushenova Ganizhamal I. , Battalov Kairat K. , Aliakbarova Ainur P.
Published: October 2021

Hasan Oraltay is a Kazakh figure abroad, researcher of the national liberation movement, historian, publicist, author of works in Turkish, Kazakh, English, German and other languages, honorary professor of the International Kazakh-Turkish University. He devoted all his life to serving for the benefit of the Kazakh people. In the 20th century, the Kazakhs of East Turkestan waged a liberation struggle for their freedom and independence. Hasan Oraltay wrote a chronicle of the life of the Kazakhs, persecuted by the totalitarian communist system in their homeland and gained freedom in the West. His writings highlight the history of the Alash national intelligentsia and all the pressing problems of Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that the article deals with the writer's and, as is known, the historical role of Hasan Oraltay, from the perspective that the Kazakhs of East Turkestan, picking a pen, declared the first swallow of the national liberation struggle to the world. Half a century ago, his first book was published in the Turkish city of Izmir “On the way to freedom. Kazakh Turks of East Turkestan”. Until the last period of his life, all works written and organised by him were devoted to urgent problems concerning the Kazakh people, for the Kazakh past and future. Radio Azattyk (RL/RFE) was the first to speak about the uprising of Kazakh youth against the Soviet system in December of 1986. Later, Hassan Oraltay published in the Western press various articles about the December events, collections and books, in which he assessed the protest mood in Soviet Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that for 27 years of service in Azattyk, Hasan Oraltay constantly raised the urgent problems of Kazakhs in the Soviet Union. The study collected all information on the ideas of independence