bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence and copyright law in Singapore a study on the protection of compilations and databases arranged by ai-systems
Authors:   , Say Sella
Published: March 2023

While the capability of artificial intelligence (“AI”) gains remarkable momentum in creating copyrightable materials – the questions regarding the eligibility of these new creations, at the moment, are broadly discussed and posed challenges to the regime. The problem of how we fit the conventional notion of authorship and the condition of originality for AI-generated works remains a controversial topic. Some might suggest that subject matter created by AI should not be granted copyright protection on the presumption that AI is not a human who could treat as authors of works. At the same time, other supportive claims that the first AI algorithms were created and owned by a natural person, programmers who write codes and instruct AI to operate on specified tasks. Hence, it concluded that the AI’s work product must be treated equivalent to ordinary copyright subject matter with the programmer as an identifiable human author.

This thesis will highlight to understand the conventional notion of the current copyright regime in granting protection to works created by a human author and emphasis the insufficiency of law in extending to protect the new nature of creations produced by artificial intelligence ("AI"). In addition, this study will attempt to provide legal justifications on how current copyright law can be applied to works created by AI if the notion of authorship initially rejected to recognize AI as an author of works.
Modeling of zinc-air batteries using theoretical and empirical approach
Authors:   , Lao-atiman Woranunt
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, an energy storage system (ESS) is attracting widespread research interest. Zinc-air battery (ZAB) is a promising candidate for ESS owing to its high energy density at low cost. Although ZAB has been researched in various aspects, the modeling aspect is still insufficient. Therefore, this work aims to study the modeling of ZAB using both theoretical and empirical approaches. At first, the ZAB system was analyzed using a theoretical approach. The studied system was an integrated system of zinc-air flow battery (ZAFB) and zinc electrolyzer. The zero-dimensional mathematical model was developed in MATLAB and validated against experimental data. The model was used to investigate 3 parameters: potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration, zincate ion initial concentration and electrolyte flowrate. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was contained in the model therefore the current efficiency based on HER of the system can be calculated. The result showed that increasing KOH concentration improved the discharge energy of the battery, but it also promoted HER. An optimal KOH concentration of 6-7 M was obtained from the simulation result. Increasing zincate ion initial concentration improved the current efficiency of the system as it reduced HER. For electrolyte flowrate, the higher flowrate helped maintain the concentration of the active species in the battery; however, the higher flowrate also provided a negative effect on the battery performance. Next, ZAB dynamic behavior was investigated by empirical modeling. A linear parameter-varying model was proposed to examine the nonlinear behavior of ZAB. The LPV model was created from a set of linear time-invariant models. The data used to identify and validate the model in this study was measured from a homemade refuellable ZAB. As a result, it was found that the LPV model was able to predict the nonlinear behavior of the battery and its performance was comparable to the nonlinear model. Finally, the SOC estimation of ZAB was studied. The LPV model integrated with the extended Kalman filter algorithm was proposed as SOC estimator. The data used to test in this case were obtained from a laboratory-made tri-electrode ZAFB. The tested scenarios include varied tuning parameters and the correctness of the initial SOC guess. The result revealed that the developed estimator was able to estimate true SOC value only when SOC approached zero due to the flat voltage profile of the flow battery. Nevertheless, the SOC estimator was capable of true SOC tracking in the long-term operation with multiple charge-discharge cycles. The results of this research provide a better comprehension and extended knowledge boundary of modeling of ZAB.
Effect of cocatalyst combination in titanium-based ziegler-natta catalyst on olefin polymerization
Authors:   , Pongchan Thanyaporn
Published: March 2023

This research focused on effect of cocatalyst types (TEA, TnOA, and TEA+TnOA) on titanium-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst in olefin polymerization both in slurry and gas-phase systems. This study has been divided into four sections. The commercial titanium-based catalyst was selected to investigate effect of reaction temperature and oxidation state of titanium from ESR measurement on slurry ethylene and propylene polymerization in the first and the second parts, respectively. The commercial catalyst with TEA exhibited the highest activity in ethylene polymerization. However, divalent, and trivalent of titanium (Ti2+ and Ti3+) was active in ethylene polymerization to produce more polymer. Stability of Ti3+ was demonstrated to assist insertion of 1-hexene. Hence, propylene polymerization under different reaction temperatures was conducted to evaluate the titanium oxidation state (Ti3+). The ESR results revealed that TEA+TnOA at 50oC can stabilize titanium (III) state.

Regarding to the third and fourth parts, different magnesium sources supported-catalyst; MgCl2 (Cat A), MgO (Cat B), and Mg(OEt)2 (Cat C); were compared in gas-phase ethylene polymerization. The modification of supported catalyst could improve the performance of catalyst and polymer. The results presented that Cat C or Mg(OEt)2 reacting with TEA showed the highest catalytic activity for both homo- and co-polymerization of ethylene. The addition of 1-hexene as comonomer could improve the activity and higher comonomer response called as “comonomer effect". Moreover, the polymer obtained in gas-phase process exhibited remarkably better morphology than in slurry process.
A comparative simulation of glycerol steam reforming with foam and conventional pellet catalysts in packed bed reactor
Authors:   , Phitchayakorn Chattharika
Published: March 2023

This research aimed to study the effect of different catalyst structures to the hydrogen production process with glycerol steam reforming in packed bed reactors via the COMSOL Multiphysics program. 2D pseudo-homogeneous steady-state model of a 6-inch diameter adiabatic reactor has been developed to describe a transport phenomenon inside the packed bed reactors with two different catalyst structures of conventional 1-inch pellet catalyst and 10-30PPI foam catalyst. The simulated results show that the novel foam catalyst improved the process performance in terms of pressure drop and hydrogen yield comparing to the conventional 1-inch pellet catalyst. The reactor packed with the conventional 1-inch pellet catalyst provided the maximum hydrogen yield of 55% at 15 m reactor length, while the novel foam catalyst provided the maximum hydrogen yield of 60% at only one-third of reactor length and reduced 95% of pressure drop. However, the novel foam catalyst exhibited a 15% temperature dropping from its initial temperature, while the conventional pellet catalyst dropped only 8%. The greater temperature dropping of the novel foam catalyst affected the chemical equilibrium by shifting the main reaction to the side reaction and producing more by-products. From the simulation results, the open-cell structure of the novel foam catalyst increases the passage flow of fluid thereby, the diffusion limit of the conventional catalyst has been diminished. The novel foam catalyst can be further used in the packed bed reactor to improve the process performance of the glycerol steam reforming process.
Analysis of mass transfer coefficient of CO2 absorbed by two-component amine mixture in a packed bed column
Authors:   , Limlertchareonwanit Thanakornkan
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, coal fired plant has an important role in generating energy all over the world. It affects to greenhouse gases effect (GHGs) and global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a product of coal combustion that is the amount of number one in the world. However, most of the CO2 usually remove from post-combustion process by chemical absorption which is Monoethanolamine (MEA). Anyway, MEA has a disadvantage such as low CO2 loading and corrosion. Therefore, this study needs to investigate the effect of the mass transfer for a new solvents, 2-(Methylamino)ethanol (2-MAE) and Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), compensate for the drawbacks of MEA to increase in mass transfer rate and performance of CO2 absorption. Effect of amine concentration by varying weight ratio from 30:0 to 0:30 wt%, liquid flow rate 5.3,10.6 and 15.9 m3/m2•h, CO2 content in gas phase 5,10 and 15 %v/v, CO2 initial loading 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 mol/mol were investigated. From the results, increasing the ratio of 2-MAE in mixed solution increases the highest mass transfer rate and CO2 absorption performance. On the other hand, increasing the ratio of DMAE decreases the mass transfer rate. The most influencing factor for mass transfer is the flow rate of solution that improves the forward rate of reaction and reduced time for dissolved CO2. However, two-component of amine solution can improve the drawback of a single-component very well. It can be seen that a new solvent will be useful in the future.
Deactivation of PdNi catalyst on nanoporous carbon support derived from cattail leaves in synthesis of partially hydrogenated biodiesel(h-fame)
Authors:   , Longprang Tripob
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, biodiesel is an alternative energy that is widely used to replace fossil fuels because of its high heat value comparable to fossil fuels. Biodiesel was easily oxidized within air. It is commonly blended with diesel fuel to have the proper properties and increase shelf life. Partial hydrogenation is one of the processes used to enhance the properties of biodiesel. In this research, bimetallic PdNi on nanoporous carbon (NPC) support derived from cattail leaves was successfully synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation. The prepared nanoporous carbon has a high surface area of ​​2002 m2g-1, obtained by activation process with 4 M of potassium hydroxide at 900 °C. Optimal condition and deactivation of PdNi/NPC in partial hydrogenation at various temperatures (80, 100, 120 and 140 ° C), pressure (3, 4 and 5 bar) and stirring rate (150, 200 and 300 rpm) were investigated. It was found that an operation at 100 °C, 4 bar and a stirring speed of 150 rpm offered the biodiesel with increased oxidation stability to 18.34 h. Furthermore, the results indicated that the deactivation of catalyst occurred from two main factors: poisoning of sulfur molecules in biodiesel feedstock and carbon residue covering on the surface of the catalyst. The addition of nickel in the bimetallic form led to increased cis-C18:1 selectivity and decreased the catalyst deactivation in the partial hydrogenation process.
Effect of molecular sieve addition on methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 through alcohol assisted method over CU/ZnO catalyst
Authors:   , Boonamnuay Tanawut
Published: March 2023

Low-temperature methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 was carried out using ethanol as catalytic solvent. The alcohol-assisted method reduced synthesis temperature and enhanced methanol yield (35.8%) at 150 oC (5.0 MPa, Cu/ZnO catalyst). However, ethyl acetate and water were generated as byproducts from the reaction. The byproducts formed azeotrope mixture with methanol and led to a complex product purification. Therefore, in this study, molecular sieves (MS) were introduced to adsorb the byproducts. The effect of different MS (3A and 5A) was studied. It was found that MS helped enhancing methanol yield. The highest methanol yield (42.6%) was obtained when adding MS_3A to adsorb water. The MS_5A could separate methanol and ethyl acetate, providing high methanol purity. The effect of operating temperature was also investigated. When reducing temperature, methanol yield decreased but  methanol selectivity significantly increased. The optimum temperature was 130 oC where the pleasant methanol yield (30.6%) and selectivity (>98%) were obtained.  Controlling temperature and using MS could help enhance the yield and selectivity of methanol.
Planejamento das viagens dos navios com múltiplos tanques, múltiplos portos e múltiplas viagens para coleta do petróleo produzido em plataformas
Authors: Dias Jeani dos Santos da Silva , Rosa Rodrigo Alvarenga
Published: March 2023

O planejamento das várias viagens dos navios com múltiplos tanques para coletar petróleo em plataformas é um trabalho complexo, pois envolve muitas restrições operacionais. Citam-se: o tipo de navio que pode atracar em cada plataforma e em cada porto, as capacidades de transporte de cada navio, a necessidade de manter diferentes tipos de petróleo separados no navio e o momento para começar a retirada de petróleo. Para realizar esse planejamento é proposto um novo modelo matemático de Programação Linear Inteira Mista considerando várias viagens, múltiplos portos, múltiplos tanques e as restrições citadas com o objetivo de reduzir o custo de transporte. Foram criadas 33 instâncias baseadas na maior empresa brasileira de exploração e produção de petróleo, Petrobras. Utilizou-se o CPLEX 12.10 para resolver o modelo e os resultados mostraram que foram obtidas reduções do custo total de até 17,8% e diminuição na distância total percorrida pelos navios de até 13,3%.
Analisis Paparan Besi dan Mangan Pada Air Tanah Terhadap Keluhan Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Desa Lakardowo Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Fadillah Ganish , Mulia Mimin Indriani
Published: March 2023

Dugaan cemaran air tanah di Desa Lakardowo berasal dari industri pengelolaan limbah B3menjadi titik balik keluhan kesehatan yang dialami oleh masyarakat. Maka dari itu,penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kualitas air dengan parameter Fe dan Mn padaair bersih yang bersumber dari air tanah (sumur bor) warga yang dekat dengan industripengelola limbah B3 dan gangguan kesehatan masyarakat. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 9sampel air tanah dan 9 sampel warga yang menggunakan air tanah di Desa Lakardowo.Pengujian sampel air menggunakan alat dari Hanna instrument, lalu keluhan masyarakatdidapat dari hasil wawancara dan kuisioner. Hasil pengujian 2 dari 9 sampel air diatasbaku mutu Fe air higiene sanitasi dengan nilai tertinggi 1.23 mg/l dan 1 dari 9 sampel airdiatas baku mutu Mn air higiene sanitasi dengan nilai tertinggi 10.6 mg/l. Gangguankesehatan masyarakat yang dirasakan di sekitar industri pengelolaan limbah B3 adalahgatal-gatal dengan gejala serupa
Toward a Research and Action Agenda on Water and Heritage? A First Attempt at Refining Terminologies, Concepts and Priorities
Authors: Hein Carola
Published: March 2023

Over the last several years, a variety of academic and professional partners have started to explore the relationship between water and heritage. A key challenge for communication and collaborative action in this important and growing field is a lack of shared terminologies, concepts and priorities. As water managers around the world look for inspiration from the past, heritage professionals focus on the protection of water-related sites and practices, historians explore continuities and spatial planners anticipate future needs. As a result, the future-oriented field of water management, the preservation-focused interests of heritage, and the analytical or design-oriented fields struggle to intersect, as do professional practice and academic analysis. A closer investigation of the respective interests and thematic foci of each group involved in the water and heritage field is much needed. Such an investigation needs to start with a clarification of goals, terms and concepts of both water and heritage in order to clarify different research agendas and to facilitate collective action.
Deontologisierung des Diegesebegriffs
Authors: Merlin Dieter
Published: March 2023

Ingmar Bergmans DET SJUNDE INSEGLET
Editorial | The Microscopy of Degradation
Authors: Golemis Dean
Published: March 2023

Forensic casework often involves the examination of dyed man-made fabrics and fibers, which are often degraded by environmental conditions, especially prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight and artificial light. But little is known about how the dyed fibers are affected by UV light sources. Enter UV-visible microspectrophotometry (UV-Vis MSP), the preferred microanalytical technique to study small sections of these fibers, preferably without inflicting further damage to them.
Critical Focus | Our Disappearing Dirt
Authors: Ford Brian J.
Published: March 2023

Soil is not some plain substance we step on but a habitat for hungry microbe communities working diligently to make it vanish forever — spurred on by harmful human intervention. We dismiss it as dirt. Well, people call it dirt, but to me it’s a paradise, rich in complex life and harboring all manner of mysterious creatures. Whatever you think about soil, if you want to appreciate it you should best do so soon. Dirt won’t be here long. It’s evaporating before your eyes; give it half a century and most of it will be gone. And why? Because microbes like to consume the organic component of soil. They metabolize it, converting it to carbon dioxide and water vapor, and it simply floats off into the air. It leaves nothing behind.
The Effect of Pregnant Education Classes on the Birth Process of Nulliparous Pregnants
Authors: DESTEGÜL Emre , ADIGÜZEL Cevdet
Published: March 2023

Objecitve: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antenatal education classes on the type of delivery, duration of labor in vaginal delivery and birth rates with episiotomy.
Material Method: This retrospective study included 200 nulliparous pregnant women who were admitted to Adana City Hospital Obstetric and Gynecology Outpatients clinic between 2017-2021. Of these 99 attended antenatal education classes, which were designed by the Turkish Ministry Of Health and 101 did not attend any antenatal educational classes. In the retrospective analysis of the cases, cesarean section rates, indications for cesarean section, duration of labor, episiotomy rates and APGAR scores were compared.
Results: No significant difference was found between the mode of delivery between the pregnant women who attended and did not attend antenatal education classes (p=0.463). A significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of cesarean section indications and duration of labor (p=0.007 and p
EVALUATION OF ENDOMETRIAL Bcl-2 EXPRESSION AND Ki-67 PROLIFERATIVE INDEX IN INFERTILE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: KARADEMİR Dilay , USTA Akın , ALTUN Eren
Published: March 2023

Objective: In women of reproductive age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent cause of infertility. The purpose of this study is to compare the Bcl-2 and Ki-67 values between infertile patients with and without PCOS.

Material and methods: The study included twenty-seven infertile patients diagnosed with PCOS and another twenty-eight infertile patients who did not meet the criteria for PCOS. Smoking, pelvic infection symptoms, endometrial polyps and submucosal myomas during a transvaginal ultrasound, pituitary insufficiency, hyperprolactinemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, having had adnexal surgery and having a male factor that will result in infertility are all considered exclusion criteria. All patients' data were collected, including age, the length of their infertility, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), hirsutism score, blood pressure, total testosterone, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL values, as well as Homa-IR and Hs-CRP readings. The pathology specialist in the examples evaluated Bcl-2 and Ki-67 levels.

Results: We found that BMI, WHR, total testosterone level, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP values were significantly higher in infertile cases with PCOS. We also found that the Ki-67 and Bcl-2 values were higher in endometrial cells in sterile PCOS cases than in the control group.

Conclusions: Ki-67 and Bcl-2 levels rise in PCOS patients, preventing apoptosis, limiting the formation of a suitable endometrial environment, and preventing embryo implantation. PCOS patients may frequently experience infertility and recurrent pregnancy losses. The cause of this problem may be the increased activity of estrogen. The primary treatment for PCOS will depend on further investigation into the variables affecting estrogen synthesis and GnRH release. The care plan should be built around this goal.
Digital Evidence in the Process of the International Court of Justice
Authors: Shinkaretskaya Galina Georgievna
Published: March 2023

The experience of the International Court of Justice of the United Nations, the oldest existing international court, is extremely important for the development of international judicial procedure. One of the important elements is the practice of collecting and using evidence, which serve as the basis for a Court decision. The problem of recent years has been the problem of using digital (electronic) evidence, which can be any material that exists or is transmitted in the form of numbers. Its source can be a computer disk, stationary or mobile, USB drive, smartphone, the Internet. The digital proof may also have a graphical form in the form of a computer file or an email. The source of evidence may also be data obtained from satellites as a result of remote sensing of the Earth. There are no rules of customary international law concerning electronic evidence. It is logical to assume that the relevant regulation is adopted by each international court separately for itself in the form of its internal law or accepted practice. There are no rules in the Statute and Rules of the International Court of Justice that directly regulate the handling of digital evidence. The main task that the Court faces is to select such data that would allow it to make an effective and fair decision in accordance with international law. Since digital information can be on the Internet, and therefore be accessible to everyone, such information can be classified as publicly available, and therefore freely available. There are concerns that its use could make the trial uncertain. In our opinion, for digital data, the same conditions of treatment must be observed as with evidence in another form: deadlines, registration of copies, etc. The final word on the suitability of the submitted digital evidence is taken by the Court, taking into account the clarity of the image and information, the reliability of sources, etc.
Comparison of Serum Albu-min Levels in The Breast Milk of Breastfeeding Infants Aged 1-3 Months and 4-6 Months
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Mudjihartini Ninik
Published: March 2023

Background: Serum albumin is the most abundant plasma protein in the blood, contributing to maintaining colloid osmotic pressure and binding substances that are poorly soluble in plasma so that they can be distributed throughout the body. Serum albumin levels in breast milk can vary, influenced by various factors such as the lactation phase (age of the baby), number of parities, age and body mass index (BMI) of the mother. This study aims to determine the comparison of serum albumin levels in breast milk of mothers who breastfeed infants aged 1-3 months and 4-6 months and to find the relationship with the number of parities, age and BMI of the mother. Method: Cross-sectional design experimental study, breast milk samples as stored biological fluids were obtained from 58 mothers at the Petamburan and Cilincing Health Centers. Serum albumin levels were measured with the Bromocresol Green (BCG) kit. Results: The results showed that breast milk in the earlier lactation period, namely at 1-3 months, had significantly higher serum albumin levels compared to the serum albumin levels in the 4-6 months age group (p=0.002). Serum albumin levels in breast milk for infants aged 1-3 months did not correlate with mother's parity (p=0.428) and mother's age (p=0.881), but had a significant positive correlation with mother's BMI (p=000). Serum albumin levels in breast milk in the 4-6 months age group did not correlate with mother's parity (p=0.823) and mother's age (p=0.581) but had a strong positive correlation with maternal BMI (p=0.000). Conclusion: Breast milk serum albumin levels are affected by the lactation phase (age of the baby), namely at the age of 1-3 months the baby increases significantly compared to the age of 4-6 months. The level of serum albumin in breast milk is related to the mother's BMI, which increases with increasing mother's BMI.
FİLM BİÇEMİ AÇISINDAN DİKEY SİNEMA: THE STUNT DOUBLE VE GLASS HOUSE FİLMLERİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: ANADOLU Batu , KOPARAN Emre
Published: March 2023

Hangi Alandan Hakem Atanmalı: Sinema

FİLM BİÇEMİ AÇISINDAN DİKEY SİNEMA: THE STUNT DOUBLE VE GLASS HOUSE FİLMLERİNİN ANALİZİ

Batu ANADOLU
Çukurova Üniversitesi, Türkiye
banadolu@cu.edu.tr
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-3818

Emre KOPARAN
İstanbul Üniversitesi, Türkiye
emre.koparan@istanbul.edu.tr
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5292-6732

ÖZ
21. yüzyılın başından itibaren görüntü formatının akıllı telefonlara ve mobil cihazlara uygun biçimde dönüştürüldüğü yeni bir üretim biçimi göze çarpmaktadır. Geleneksel yatay çerçeve, mobil ekran ölçülerine dönüşmekte ve dikey konumlanmaktadır. Bu gelişme, sinemada temelleri çok daha eskiye dayanan dikey çerçeve tartışmalarını yeniden ortaya çıkarmıştır. Dikey sinemanın gelecekte yaratacağı etki henüz belirsizliğini korurken, bu filmlerin sinema terimleri ile nasıl çözümlenebileceği ve değerlendirileceği soruları da ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Çalışmanın amacı; sanatsal, fizyolojik ve endüstriyel bakış açısından dikey sinema filmlerinin biçemsel yapılarını inceleyerek farklı ve tekrarlayan üslup özelliklerini keşfetmektir. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle dikey sinema kavramına ve tarihsel kullanımına değinilmiştir. Örneklem olarak ise dikey formatta üretilmiş iki film (The Stunt Double, Yön. Damien Chazelle ve Glass House, Yön. Zoe Beloff) belirlenmiştir. Bu filmlerin tercih edilmesindeki neden, sinema sanatı ve tarihi üzerine özdüşünümsel yapımlar olmalarıdır.
Filmlerin incelenmesinde biçem analizi yönteminden yola çıkılarak anlatı yapısı, mizansen ve sinematografi öncelenmiş, bu yolla dikey sinemada görsel-işitsel anlatının nasıl inşa edildiği anlamlandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda; dikey sinemanın anlatı yapısı açısından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu, sinematografi ve mizansen açısından ise geleneksel sinemanın tarihi izleğinin bir tekrarını sunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dikey Sinema, Çerçeve Oranı, Biçem Analizi, The Stunt Double, Glass House.
Neuropeptide Y-expressing dorsal horn inhibitory interneurons gate spinal pain and itch signalling
Authors: Boyle Kieran A , Polgar Erika , Gutierrez-Mecinas Maria , Dickie Allen C , Cooper Andrew H , Bell Andrew M , Jumolea Evelline , Casas-Benito Adrian , Watanabe Masahiko , Hughes David I , Weir Gregory A , Riddell John S , Todd Andrew J
Published: March 2023

Somatosensory information is processed by a complex network of interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn. It has been reported that inhibitory interneurons that express neuropeptide Y (NPY), either permanently or during development, suppress mechanical itch, with no effect on pain. Here, we investigate the role of interneurons that continue to express NPY (NPY-INs) in the adult mouse spinal cord. We find that chemogenetic activation of NPY-INs reduces behaviours associated with acute pain and pruritogen-evoked itch, whereas silencing them causes exaggerated itch responses that depend on cells expressing the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. As predicted by our previous studies, silencing of another population of inhibitory interneurons (those expressing dynorphin) also increases itch, but to a lesser extent. Importantly, NPY-IN activation also reduces behavioural signs of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. These results demonstrate that NPY-INs gate pain and itch transmission at the spinal level, and therefore represent a potential treatment target for pathological pain and itch.
Análise da inserção e atuação de facilitadores em ações e projetos de desenvolvimento de competências da Escola de Governo da Fundação João Pinheiro
Authors: De Magalhães Fernanda Andresa Portilho , de Oliveira Kamila Pagel , Bernardi Mônica Bernardi Esteves
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho analisa a atuação de facilitadores em programas de desenvolvimento de pessoas da Escola de Governo da Fundação João Pinheiro. Estes programas utilizam a perspectiva da aprendizagem significativa, conjugando diferentes metodologias de ensino aprendizagem que buscam mobilizar conhecimentos e habilidades para gerar mudança de hábitos e comportamentos. Nesta proposta, a figura do facilitador encontra amplo espaço de atuação como uma pessoa externa a um grupo que intervém de forma estruturada, apoiando os participantes a terem maior autonomia e efetividade em diferentes processos, como a resolução de problemas e o desenvolvimento individual de competências. Por meio de análise documental, pesquisa de campo e observação participante pôde-se concluir que os facilitadores atuantes nos programas têm trazido contribuições efetivas ao desenvolvimento dos participantes, sobretudo, no que se refere ao envolvimento, protagonismo e aquisição de conhecimento, além de ajudarem a estabelecer um espaço de confiança e fortalecimento de uma rede de colaboração. Há ainda a constatação de que o próprio facilitador consegue desenvolver-se, criando ou fortalecendo competências importantes para a sua atuação. Por outro lado, destacam-se alguns desafios a serem superados, tais como gerar o envolvimento de lideranças que não se engajam no processo, além de desafios pessoais como a dificuldade de conciliar as atividades de facilitador com as atividades profissionais, bem como alinhar com o grupo o papel do facilitador, diferenciando-o do papel do professor, já que ainda se trata de uma atuação inovadora em programas de desenvolvimento de pessoas.
COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO FLEXIBILITY, VISIBILITY AND VELOCITY IN SUPPLY CHAINS: A MULTI-GROUP ANALYSIS
Authors: EKPUDU Jonathan Ehimen , UDOFIA Ekpenyong Ekpenyong
Published: March 2023

Most studies focus on developed economies when investigating resilience, creating a gap in research in developing countries. This study addresses two literature gaps by examining supplier collaboration's effect on supply chain flexibility, visibility, and velocity in an African business environment and assessing the relevance of company size to this relationship. This study used a descriptive design. The population and sample were 1332 and 264 respectively. 219 questionnaire copies informed the analysis and it was performed using percentages and a structural equation model. The study reveals that resource sharing is the most effective strategy for improving supply chain resilience and collaboration practices are most effective for supply chain flexibility. Organisations pursuing supply chain resilience can implement resource-sharing and information-sharing strategies to yield resilience. Additionally, managers must note that supplier collaboration may not yield similar results across all resilience performance measurements. Medium-scale firms must focus on information sharing to improve supply chain flexibility.
WISE LEADERSHIP: CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A SCALE
Authors: HASSI Abderrahman , STORTI Giovanna
Published: March 2023

Given the importance of wisdom in leadership and the crucial role that wise leaders play within organizations, this study aimed at developing a psychometrically valid scale measuring wise leadership. Data were collected from three independent samples from France and Morocco (N=626). Exploratory factor analysis, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modeling established the convergent and discriminant validities of the new wise leadership scale. Review of the extant literature, expert judgment technique and quantitative analyses across four studies yielded a 16-item scale designed to measure wise leadership (Wise Leadership Questionnaire [WLQ]). The driving forces of this pattern of leaders’ values, cognitions and behaviors are intellectual shrewdness, spurring action, moral conduct, and virtuous humility. This new wise leadership measure will be valuable for researchers and practitioners in understanding the pattern of wise leaders.
PROPERTIES OF EARNINGS AND CASH FLOWS IN ALGERIAN COMPANIES
Authors: KIMOUCHE Bilal
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to analyze the properties of earnings compared to cash flows based on persistence and predictive ability as fundamental attributes of relevance. Therefore, we collected financial data of 20 Algerian companies from 2011 to 2020, where 200 observations were employed using the model of Sloan (1996) that was adjusted by sales. According to the results, the earnings of Algerian companies are highly persistent, but their predictability is weak. However, cash flows are not persistent and have no predictive ability. Consequently, earnings quality in Algerian companies is better than the quality of cash flows. Based on our results, users of financial reports in Algerian companies should focus on earnings when making decisions and be cautious when using cash flows.
Exploring Species Extraction Volume and Residues of Illegal and Conventional Logging Operations
Authors: Boateng Ransford Kwasi , Agyeman Justice Duah , Inyong Stephen , Agbadzah Edmund Senam Kwame , Adjarko Harold
Published: March 2023

Governments, policymakers, at most public fora, condemn activities of chainsaw operations as illegal and in fact, it has been criminalized with an explanation that it is wasteful and destructive to the environment. The study compared species, diameter distribution, extracted, volume, and residues generated during conventional and illegal logging operations in the forest communities. Using quantitative design approach, the researchers estimated the volume of waste generated by illegal logging and that of conventional loggers and also identified the species targeted.  In order to determine the diameter distribution of exploited species, and the recovery rate of logs in both reserves, the researchers measured both ends, diameter, and length of stump wood and merchantable branch wood left as waste using the smallian's formula. The total volume of logs utilized per tree (logvol) was then calculated as the sum of the volume of each log. Twenty-five commercial timber species were identified to have been felled on farmlands compared to 34 commercial species which were felled in the TBFR. On both the farmlands and in the TBFR, the number of species felled by chainsaw operators far exceeded those felled by the conventional loggers. On farmlands, only four (17%) out of the 25 timber species were felled by conventional loggers. The most dominant timber species felled by the conventional loggers on farmlands was ceiba which comprised more than half (53%) of the total trees felled, followed by yaya (32%), watapuo (Cola gigantea), and akasaa (Chrysophyllum albidum). The study concluded that not only do chainsaw operators target a variety of lumber species but they also exploit timber species that are near extinction, therefore, making their activities pose danger to species diversity and conservation. The study proposed that strengthening the policy regime on compensation payment could help reduce the Incidence of illegal logging.
Pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus in Experimental Infection of Different Developmental Stages of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Owolabi Margaret Omotayo , Anifowose Olayinka Remilekun , Oladosu Gbolahanmi Akinola , Owolabi Oluwaseyi Oyeniyi
Published: March 2023

Aims: This study aimed to investigating the pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus in the experimental infection of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings and juvenile catfish.

Experimental Procedure: Aspergillus fumigatus used for this study was isolated from the gills and liver of infected juveniles presented for microbial diagnostic examination, cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar for 3 – 4 days, and identified at the Aquatic Animal and Wildlife Laboratory (AAWL), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan.

Methodology: One hundred and forty healthy eight-week old Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (average weight of 4g) and 140 healthy sixteen-week old juvenile (average weight of 10g) were purchased from a commercial fish farms in Ibadan. The fingerlings and juveniles were randomly divided into seven groups, each with 20 fish in five litters of water. The fungal suspension containing 3.2 X 106 spores/ml of Aspergillus fumigatus was used for the pathogenicity test. Six groups were infected by immersion in water containing fungal spores at the rates of 2ml/L and 5ml/L for fingerlings and juveniles respectively. The clinical signs, skin lesions and mortality were observed daily for 14 days.

Results: Aspergillus fumigatus isolated in this study has green spiked conidia; and the size of the conidia is 2.5µm. The conidia have a smooth surface and small spikes covering their surface. Moreover, the mortality rate was significantly (p = 0.40) higher in infected fingerlings (80%) than juveniles (62%) at fourteen days post-infection. The gross lesions observed during experimental infection of fingerlings and juveniles included exophthalmia, atrophied barbel, congested trunk kidney, hyperemia of gill filaments, and skin depigmentation. The histopathological organ changes caused by Aspergillus fumigatus were obvious in the liver and gills. Vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and necrosis of some melanomacrophage cells, in addition, severe erosion of the primary and secondary lamellae, were observed in infected juveniles.

Conclusion: Aspergillus fumigatus causes high mortality in fingerlings and juvenile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
The Effect of Knowledge Management Systems on Organizational Ambidexterity: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Lafi Alharbi, Ghadah
Published: March 2023

Knowledge management (KM) is considered an important strategic tool to maintain performance and survive a fluctuating environment. The effective implementation of KM initiatives helps organizations gain the ability to balance contradictory demands, known as organizational ambidexterity, to gain a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to develop and argue a theoretical model demonstrating the connection between knowledge management systems (KMS) and organizational ambidexterity through the mediation effects of knowledge-sharing behavior (KSB) and innovative work behavior (IWB). This paper draws on the task-technology fit (TTF) model, KM, and organizational ambidexterity literature to build a theoretical model for how KMS (characteristics and perceived TTF) and KSB interact to produce IWB and organizational ambidexterity. This study also suggests a methodological approach and analysis procedure to test the theoretical model empirically. Finally, the study acknowledges some research limitations and provides several recommendations that are useful for academic researchers.
Racial, Ethnic, and Education Differences in Age of Smoking Initiation Among Young Adults in the United States, 2002 to 2019
Authors: Harlow Alyssa F. , McConnell Rob , Leventhal Adam M. , Goodwin Renee D. , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L.
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study examines differences by race and ethnicity and education in smoking prevalence and age of smoking initiation among young adults in the US between 2002 and 2019.
Association of Nonconcussive Repetitive Head Impacts and Intense Physical Activity With Levels of Phosphorylated Tau181 and Total Tau in Plasma of Young Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Cente Martin , Perackova Janka , Peracek Pavol , Majdan Marek , Toth Igor , Mikulic Martin , Hanes Jozef , Porubska Sara , Spajdel Marian , Kazickova Barbora , Jurisica Igor , Filipcik Peter
Published: March 2023

Importance

Head impacts resulting in traumatic brain injury (TBI) lead to the elevation of phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau181) in plasma. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate dynamics of p-tau181 levels and the ratio of p-tau181 to total tau in individuals after nonconcussive head impacts.

Objective

To determine the association of repetitive low-intensity head impacts on p-tau181 and total tau protein levels in the plasma of young adult elite soccer players and assess the possible association of head impacts with focused attention and cognitive flexibility.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, young elite soccer players performed intense physical activity with and without heading the ball. The study was conducted at a university facility in Slovakia from October 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022. Eligible participants were selected based on similarities in demographic variables, excluding those with a history of TBI.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary study outcomes were the levels of total tau protein and p-tau181 in plasma samples and the cognitive status of the study participants.

Results

A total of 37 male athletes participated in the study (mean [SD] age: exercise group, 21.6 [1.6] years; heading group, 21.2 [1.5] years). We found significantly elevated levels of total tau and p-tau181 in the plasma of soccer players 1 hour after physical exercise (tau, 1.4-fold; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5; P < .001; p-tau181, 1.4-fold; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5, P < .001) and repetitive head impacts (tau, 1.3-fold; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4; P < .001; p-tau181, 1.5-fold; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7 P < .001). The ratio of p-tau181 to tau was significantly higher 1 hour after exercise and heading training, and remained elevated specifically in the heading group even after 24 hours (1.2-fold; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3; P = .002). Performance in cognitive tests revealed a significant decline in focused attention and cognitive flexibility after physical exercise and heading training; physical exercise of higher intensity without heading training was associated with a greater negative cognitive performance than heading only.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of young elite soccer players, the elevation of p-tau181 and tau was observed after acute intense physical activity and nonconcussive repetitive head impacts. The increase of p-tau181 levels relative to tau after 24 hours indicated an acute enrichment of phosphorylated tau fraction in the periphery when compared with preimpact levels; an imbalance of tau proteins may have long-lasting consequences in the brain of head-impacted individuals.
Hoysaḷas
Authors: Gururaja Samana
Published: March 2023

The Hoysaḷa family ruled in southern India, in the present‐day Indian state of Karnataka, from the eleventh to the fourteenth century
ce
. Our knowledge of this family's chronology comes primarily from stone and copper‐plate inscriptions which detailed donations to temples of Śaiva, Vaiṣṇava, and Jain deities. Originating from a small town called Sosevūr in the Western Ghats, they moved into the plains and established their residence at Dorasamudra, following their rise to political prominence as subordinates of the Kalyāṇi Cāḷukyas. In the thirteenth century, they achieved independent sovereignty from the Cāḷukyas, and went on to rule a vast and complex territory spanning large parts of southern and central India. During this time, there was a proliferation of temple‐building and production of courtly literature. Following internal conflict and constant external attacks in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Hoysaḷas accepted subordination to the Delhi sultan Alauddin Khalji before disappearing entirely from the epigraphic record.
Kālidāsa
Authors: Obrock Luther
Published: March 2023

This entry provides a short introduction to Kālidāsa and his works.
Faxian
Authors: Deeg Max
Published: March 2023

Faxian was a Chinese Buddhist monk and translator of Buddhist texts who is best known for his journey to India at the beginning of the fifth century. He compiled a travelogue, the “Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms,” the first of the so‐called Chinese “pilgrim records.”
Maṅgaleśa Pillar Inscription
Authors: Adiga Malini
Published: March 2023

The Mahākūṭa inscription of Maṅgaleśa of ca. 598
ce
is a useful source for the political history of the early Cāḷukyas of Bādāmi and for understanding socioeconomic processes of early medieval India in the Deccan. It gives us the genealogy and achievements of various rulers and records the grant of villages to the temple at Mahākūṭa constructed by Maṅgaleśa's father and brother.
Ancient Indian Eras
Authors: Skinner Michael C.
Published: March 2023

Ancient Indian eras are found in inscriptions, colophons of manuscripts, and referenced in literary and scientific texts and determining the duration of an era serves as an important tool in reconstructing Indian history. Eras can be counted in regnal years or as a continuous era. An era based on regnal years typically concludes at the end of a king's reign, whereas if a subsequent ruler uses these dates the era becomes continuous, and continuous eras can persist for centuries or even millennia. The two ancient Indian eras still in use today are the Vikrama era, which started in 57bce, and the Śaka era, which began in 78ce. Besides these two eras, there were many regnal and continuous eras that emerged in ancient India but did not persist to the present.
Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training to Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Cardiovascular Risk: Rationale and Design of the Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training‐Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial
Authors: Andonian BrianJ. , Ross Leanna M. , Zidek Alyssa M. , Fos Liezl B. , Piner Lucy W. , Johnson Johanna L. , Belski Kelsey B. , Counts Julie D. , Pieper Carl F. , Siegler Ilene C. , Bales Connie W. , Porter Starr Kathryn N. , Kraus William E. , Huffman Kim M.
Published: March 2023

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. RA CVD results from a combination of traditional risk factors and RA‐related systemic inflammation. One hypothetical means of improving overall RA CVD risk is through reduction of excess body weight and increased physical activity. Together, weight loss and physical activity can improve traditional cardiometabolic health through fat mass loss, while also improving skeletal muscle health. Additionally, disease‐related CVD risk may improve as both fat mass loss and exercise reduce systemic inflammation. To explore this hypothesis, 26 older persons with RA and overweight/obesity will be randomized to 16 weeks of a usual care control arm or to a remotely Supervised Weight Loss Plus Exercise Training (SWET) program. A caloric restriction diet (targeting 7% weight loss) will occur via a dietitian‐led intervention, with weekly weigh‐ins and group support sessions. Exercise training will consist of both aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise) and resistance training (twice weekly). The SWET remote program will be delivered via a combination of video conference, the study YouTube channel, and study mobile applications. The primary cardiometabolic outcome is the metabolic syndrome Z score, calculated from blood pressure, waist circumference, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose. RA‐specific CVD risk will be assessed with measures of systemic inflammation, disease activity, patient‐reported outcomes, and immune cell function. The SWET‐RA trial will be the first to assess whether a remotely supervised, combined lifestyle intervention improves cardiometabolic health in an at‐risk population of older individuals with RA and overweight/obesity.