bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aproximación sociopragmática a las estrategias conversacionales de los adolescentes
Authors: Ortega Salamanca Francisco José , Vargas Cortés Belcy Victoria
Published: February 2017

Este artículo expone hallazgos de una investigación apoyada en referentes teóricos propios de la Sociopragmática, la cortesía y la descortesía, cuyo propósito fue identificar las estrategias conversacionales predominantes entre adolescentes de Grado Décimo de dos instituciones educativas de Nobsa y Cómbita (Boyacá, Colombia), para interpretar estrategias de camaradería presentes en sus conversaciones espontáneas. Se recurrió a un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, con base en el Análisis de la conversación, desde la Etnografía del habla. La investigación se cimentó en tres fases: de diagnóstico, de recogida de información y aplicación de instrumentos, y de análisis e interpretación del corpus obtenido. Los resultados evidenciaron estrategias conversacionales preferidas y fórmulas de tratamiento que usan los adolescentes en contextos informales, estas los identifican y les sirven para entablar cierto grado de afinidad en el grupo.
Descripción y referencia: el lenguaje como posibilidad de veracidad. Un asunto de límites de sistemas-mundo y actos de habla
Authors: Giraldo Gutiérrez Francisco Luis , Londoño Vásquez David Alberto
Published: February 2017

En este artículo desarrollamos el concepto de lenguaje y de cómo él, como acción del hombre en el hombre, al hacerse presente a modo de representación y expresión, tiene la pretensión de validar aquello que conoce –el objeto– y la manera como lo conoce. De esta forma, partimos de concebir el lenguaje como un sistema, una semiótica social y una intención. Mediante el lenguaje y el acto comunicativo de la interlocución, el sujeto determina la veracidad/validez del hecho, la acción: actúa en el sistema y acorde con él, y establece el nivel de correspondencia de la idea –pensada o manifestada– y el objeto, como producto final de su capacidad de hacer y comunicar. Como tesis, planteamos que, independientemente del modo o modos en que se conjuguen los códigos lingüísticos, lo que importa es su posibilidad de veracidad. De igual modo, esos niveles y posibilidades están limitados o ampliados por los sistemas-mundo de los sujetos intervinientes en el acto de habla.
Da oralidade popular brasileira a uma dança teatral performativa: o corpo pós-colonial como lugar de experiência
Authors: Costa Daniel Santos , Pereira Sayonara
Published: February 2017

Este texto apresenta reflexão teórica sobre o corpo pós-colonial em confluência com uma perspectiva de criação advinda da experiência do sujeito-criador com manifestações da oralidade popular brasileira inerentes à sua formação, tais como as Folias de Reis, a Umbanda e o Movimento dos Sem-Terra (MST). Nesse trajeto, elucidamos uma perspectiva singular de criação, onde o corpo é lugar de experiência e conhecimento, além de articular possibilidades de criação a partir da perspectiva do Tanztheater.
Nutritional Dried Matter, Crude Protein and Crude Fiber on Lowland Tidal Grass Fermented by Probiotic Microorganisms for Use Bali Cattle Feed
Authors: Muhakka Muhakka , Wijaya A , Ammar M
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value of lowland tidal grass fermented by probiotic microorganisms. This study used a completely randomized design and investigated two factors, namely varieties of lowland tidal grass (kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum), kumpai minyak (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) and kumpai padi (Oryza rufipogon)) and probiotic microorganism concentration (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 percent). The following parameters were observed, including dried matter content, crude protein content and crude fiber content.  The results showed that the use of probiotics have significant effects on crude protein content and crude fiber content. In conclusion, the use of probiotics can improve the nutritional value of grass. The best result was obtained on kumpai tembaga grass (Ischaemum rugosum) fermented with 0.7% probiotic microorganism. Keywords: nutritional evaluation, lowland tidal grass, fermentation, probiotics microorgansms Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai nutrisi rumput tidal dataran rendah yang difermentasi menggunakan mikroba probiotik. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan mengamati dua faktor, yaitu varitas rumput tidal dataran rendah (kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum), kumpai minyak (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) dan kumpai padi (Oryza rufipogon)) dan mikroba probiotik (0,3; 0,5; 0,7 dan 0,9 persen). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kandungan bahan kering, protein kasar, dan serat kasar. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar. Dapat disumpulkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik dapat meningkatkan nilai nutrisi dari rumput. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada rumput kumpai tembaga (Ischaemum rugosum) yang difermentasi menggunakan 0,7% mikroba probiotik. Kata kunci: evaluasi nutrisi, rumput tidal dataran rendah, fermentasi, mikroba probiotik
Grazing Behavior and Itineraries of Kacang Goat with Different Coat Color under Semi Intensive Management
Authors: Kiswanto Slamet Heri , Baihaqi Muhammad , Prihantoro Iwan
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of coat color on behavior and itineraries of kacang goat during grazing time. This research used 9 females and 3 males kacang goat. Behavior observed by one zero sampling method and analyzed using t-Test at level 5%. The result indicated that ingestion and browsing of brown goat (30.91±2.87%; 8.75±3.10%) higher than black goat (28.57±2.69%; 6.07±4.78%), while black goat showed more locomotion (33.26±4.50%) than brown goat (29.70±4.63%). Grazing, panting, and resting behaviors, and distance traveled of black goat (22.56±2.63%; 4.48±4.02%; 2.34±2.97%; 483.48±133.16 m) were not different with brown goat (22.16±2.90%; 4.59±3.71%; 2.64±1.52%; 392.29±81.19 m). Result also  indicated that goat showed more grazing than browsing with high preference in you ng grass than old grass,  legume, and weed.
The Efficacies of Banana Stem Extract as a Candidate of Coccidiostat Against Rabbit Eimeria Stiedaio Ocysts: an in Vitro Analysis
Authors: Indrasanti Diana , Indradji Mohandas , Hastuti Sri , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Ismoyowati Ismoyowati
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to investigatethe ability of banana stem (Musa paradisiaca) to inhibitsporulation of Eimeria stiedaioocystsderived fromrabbit by in vitroanalysis.Analyze the active substance proximate analysis and active substancesin this research were performed too. Banana stem extract were used in this experiment andsulfaquinoxalline(Coxy ®)was run as acontrol. The Eimeria stiedaioocystswere incubated prior the presence of  different concentration from banana stem extract  0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%for 1, 2 and 3 daysat 26°C. In addition,Factorial patterned Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates wasapplied on the experiment. Result analysis was performed by using Analysis of Variance and following by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test. Here, we identified that banana stem extract contain different type of active substance such as tannin, saponin, and alkaloid. Banana stem extract significantly affected the oocysts sporulation included the amount of sporulatedoocysts (P<0.01), unsporulatedoocysts (P<0.01), and transformed oocysts (P<0.01). In conclusion banana stem could inhibit the development of Eimeria stiedaioocysts on in vitroexperiment. HSD test showed that the optimum potential efficacy of banana stem toinhibit sporulation was at 4% and 8% concentration during three days incubation.
Performance and Meat Quality of Thin Tailed Sheep in Supplementary Feeding Lemuru Fish Oil Protected By Saponification with Different NaOH Concentration
Authors: Setyaningrum Agustinah , Soeparno Soeparno , Yusiati Lies Mira , Koestantinah Koestantinah
Published: February 2017

This study was aimed to obtain oil and the exact saponification with different NaOH concentration to protect unsaturated fats, which does can result in good production performance and lamb meat quality with low saturated fatty acid. Stage one studied the performance of sheep production on supplementing lemuru fish oil (LFO) protected with different saponification optimization. Twenty lambs aged 5-6 months early weighing 8-14 kg were divided into 4 treatments, namely P0 basal feed (50% elephant grass + 50% concentrate), P1 (basal feed + soap LFO NaOH 10%), P2 (basal feed + soap LFO NaOH 20%) and P3 (basal feed + soap LFO NaOH 30%) with completely randomized design and 5 replication for performance and 3 replication for meat quality. The results showed that the treatment effect was not significant (P>0.05) on the consumption of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total digestible nutrien (TDN), daily gain and blood cholesterol. P2 yield the highest daily gain 130.95 ± 19.29 g/head/day of cholesterol at the same time low of 58.67 mg/dl. Stage two studied the criteria of lamb carcass and meat quality in supplementary feeding LFO protected with different saponification optimization. Twelve sheeps were slaughtered for P0, P1, P2 and P3. The results showed that the treatment effect was not significant (P> 0.05) to slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage, the physical quality of meat (pH, water holding capacity, cooking losses and tenderness), and chemical quality of the meat (DM levels, CP , EE, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids) except in EPA and DHA increased very significantly (P<0.01). Conclusively, giving soap LFO with different optimization did not significantly affect the appearance and quality of sheep meat production, except in EPA and DHA which were significantly increased
Phytobiotic Utilization as Feed Additive in Feed for Pancreatic Enzyme Activity of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Purwanti Sri , Zuprizal Zuprizal , Yuwanta Tri , Soepadmo Soepadmo
Published: February 2017

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of turmeric water extract, garlic and combination turmeric and garlic as a feed additive in the broiler diet on pancreatic enzyme activity of broiler chicken. Effectivity of treatments was assessed by addition of phytobiotic (control, 015% zinc bacitracin, 2.5% TE, 2.0% GE, 2.5% TGE) which were arranged Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. The variables measured were pancreatic enzyme activity(amylase enzyme activity, protease enzyme activity  and lipase enzyme activity).The results showed that enzyme protein activity content of 2.5% TE supplementation is also high at 82.02 U/ml, then supplemented 2.5% TGE, 2.0% GE, negative control and positive control respectively 75.98 ; 72.02; 68.74; and 66.57 U/ml. The lipase enzyme activity whereas the negative control and a positive control differ significantly higher (P<0.05) to treatment with the addition of 2.5% TE, 2.0% GE and 2.5% TGE phytobiotic. The research concluded that the incorporation of 2.5% TE, 2% GE and combined 2.5% TGE as feed additive enhanced pancreatic enzyme activity.
Nutritional Status Evaluation (Estimated Using Lignin Internal Indicator) of Grazed Yearling Kacang Bucks
Authors: Adiwiniarti Retno , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , Kustantinah Kustantinah , Rusman Rusman , Purnomoadi Agung
Published: February 2017

In some areas in Indonesia, farmers usually graze their goats during the day and house them at night.  The goats eat grass without additional concentrate.  However, how much nutrient intakes of grazing goats in Indonesia are seldom calculated. Therefore, this research was set up to investigate the productivity and to estimate the dry matter, protein, and TDN intake of grazed Kacang buck using lignin internal indicator.  About 12 heads of Kacang buck, aged 1-1.5 year (the incisors have erupted 1), having the initial body weight of 18.42+1.78 kg (CV= 9.67%) and reared by farmers in Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia were used in this study.  Intake and nutrient digestibility of the buck were calculated using lignin as internal marker.  After being reared 86 days, the average daily gains (ADG) of the buck were 3.20+21.14 gram ( -26.16 gram to 53.60 gram). Low ADG of the buck was caused by low DMI, protein and TDN intake.  The Kacang bucks were usually grazed in the soccer fields, back yards, and roadsides, therefore their intake were lower than their maintenance needed.  The averages of DMI, protein and TDN intake were about 1.17+0.17 % their body weight, 30.16+4.18 g and 91.45+11.64 g, respectively. It can be concluded that the productivity of grazing Kacang bucks is relatively very low.
Feeding Treatment Based on Palm Oil Byproduct and Supplementation to Support Reproduction Performance of Bull
Authors: Ratnawati Dian , Aryogi Aryogi
Published: February 2017

Palm oil waste (by product)can be used as a potential feed for livestock. Nevertheless, the study research of the effect of Palm oil waste (by product) as a feed to the bull performance was limited. The purpose of this research is to get technology to improve semen quality through improving protein of  feed based on palm oil waste (byproducts). This research was conducted in PTPN 6 Jambi and  used 30 bulls that separated into 3 treatments, treatment I (feed protein 12% and suplementation), treatment II (feed protein 12%) and treatment III (existing feed, feed protein 10%). Parameter were measured i.e feed consumption, libido, sperm motility, mass movement, sperm concentration, sperm abnormality, volume, pH, consistency, colour, body condition score and average daily gain. Design of this research was completely randomized design. Data was analyzed use ANOVA. The result showed that there is no significantly different on semen quality between treatmens. Semen quality of three treatments were appropriate to standart of quality semen of bull (sperm abnormality <20%, sperm motility >50% and sperm concentration >500 million/ml). Based on this consideration, feed with protein level 10% more efficient because it needs less cost but results a good semen quality. The conclusion of this research is protein level 10% can supporting performance reproduction of bull.
Amino Acid and Mineral Supplementation in Fermentation Process of Concentrate Protein of Jatropha Seed Cake (Jatropha curcas L.)
Authors: Widiyastuti Titin , Sutardi Tri Rahardjo
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to assess the optimization of fermentation process by adding a minerals and amino acids so that the potential of protein  of Concentrate Protein-Jatropha seed cake (CP-JSC) can be optimally used as a substitute for soybean meal. The method used was completely randomized design. The treatment consisted of F1: Fermentation CP-BBJ + methionine-lysine (0.25%: 0.25%), F2: Fermentation CP-JSC + methionine-lysine (0.5%: 0.5%), F3: F1 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphate, F4: F2 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphate. Each treatment was repeated four times, When treatment significantly continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD), variables observed are the levels of antinutrients (phorbolester, antitrypsin), the levels of nutrients (fat, protein, crude fiber, Ca, P and gross energy) and amino acid. Results of analysis of variance showed that the addition of amino acids and minerals Ca, P in the fermentation process was highly significant effect on the levels of crude fiber and phosphorus (P <0.01) and significantly affected the gross energy content of CP-JSC post-fermentation (P <0.05). Dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and calcium  are not affected by supplementation of methionine and lysine as well as calcium and phosphorus. Supplementation of methionine and lysine in the fermentation substrate showed good levels of essential amino acids and non essential higher than previous studies although not statistically significant (P> 0.05). While the levels obtained phorbolester range of 0.055% - 0.08%. It was concluded that the optimization of fermentation can be done without adding the amino acid supplementation of minerals calcium and phosphorus. Supplementation significantly affect a significant increase or decrease in some nutrients (crude fiber, gross energy, phosphor) and capable of suppressing a decrease in amino acids. Supplementation of amino acids Lysine and Methionin 0.05% is the best treatment.
MODEL QSAR SENYAWA FLUOROKUINOLON BARU SEBAGAI ZAT ANTIBAKTERI Salmonella thypimurium Eva Vaulina, Ponco Iswanto
Authors: Vaulina Eva , Iswanto Ponco
Published: February 2017

Modelling of novel Fluoroquinolone derivates as antibacterial compund of Salmonella thypimurium was conducted. The research was done as an initial step in discovering some new Fluoroquinolone compounds which have higher activity to Salmonella thypimurium. There are 16 compunds that use as the material of the research and they already have antibacterial activity data that expressed in Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, mg/mL). Calculation was performed by semiempirical AM1 method. The QSAR model was determined by multilinear regression analysis, with Log MIC as dependent variable and the independent variables are atomic net charges of C5 (qC5) and C7 (qC7), dipole moment (m), polarizability (a), n-octanol-water coefficien partition (Log P), molecular weight (Mw), and surface area of van der Waals (AvdW). The relationship between Log MIC and the descriptors which performed by statistical analysis is:(Log MIC) = -2.119 + 34.541(qC5) – 19.748(qC7) – 0.919polar + 1.170logP + 0.111(Mw) – 0.003(Avdw), with n =16, r = 0.907, r2 = 0.822, SD = 0.288, F calc = 6.938, F table = 3.374 , F calc/F table = 2.056 and PRESS = 0.749. The research can obtain the new coumpounds that modified from compound number 16 (etil fluoroquinolone, MIC prediction = 0.0354 mg/mL), (etil fluoroquinlone fosfate, 2.84. 10-19mg/mL), and (isopropyl fluoroquinlone, 0.1085 mg/mL), and compound number 2 (m-nitro fluoroquinolone sulfonat, 1.32. 10-11mg/mL). This results can be suggested to synthesis step.
PEMODELAN SENYAWA TURUNAN ASAM KARBAMAT SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIKANKER MENGGUNAKAN METODE SEMIEMPIRIS AM1
Authors: Widyaningsih Senny , Purwati Purwati , Riyadi Riyadi
Published: February 2017

4-N-carbamic acid-4’-dimetylpipodopylotoxin and its derivatives are compounds which are synthesized from etoposide (VP 16). These compounds are used as anticancer medicine because they inhibit DNA topoisomerase II enzyme. The enzyme participates in controlling breaking process of DNA double helix bounding in cancer cell. It makes cancer growing cease and dies because cell can not replicate. However, the compound insoluble in water, make a medicine resistant, inhibit metabolism system and poison. It needs to design a modification of new compounds from carbamic acid derivatives which have higher activity. Structure modification was done using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) which was a computational chemistry application in medicine design process. This research used semiempiris AM1 method to determine the best QSAR equation based on multilinear regression analysize, with log 1/IC50 as dependent variable and independent variables were atomic net charge of qN29, qC30, qO31, qO32, dipole moment, n-octanol-water coefficient partition (Log P), and polarity. The best QSAR equation in this research was : Log 1/IC50 = 4.871 + 12.738 qN29 + 33.183 qC30 + 28.015 qO31 – 3.6 x 10-2 polarity, with N = 13, r =0.907, SE = 0.13025, Fcount/Ftable = 1.901, PRESS = 0.1357. Based on the best QSAR equation, the prediction compounds were 1, 2, 3, 8, and 22 with each IC50 theoretical value were 0.032, 0.034, 0.036, and 0.098 µM.
ANALISIS KOMPONEN KIMIA EKSTRAK METANOL FRAKSI PETROLEUM ETER DAUN EUPATORIUM ODORATUM DENGAN GC-MS
Authors: Purwati Purwati , Matsjeh Sabirin
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this investigation was to analize the organic compounds of Eupatorium odoratum leaf and identification of the compounds using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample was soaked in metanol. The extract of metanol was partitioned using petroleum ether. The extracts obtained were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. The results showed that in the extract of petroleum ether contained the organic compounds: germacrene, isocaryophyllene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-1,4,8-cycloundecatriene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-1,7-cyclodecadiene, 1,2,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl) naphthalene, 1,12- dodecanediol, octahydro-1-(2-octyldecyl) pentalene, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, methyl (12-acetyloxy)-9-octadecanoic, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalat, farnesol, 4,22-cholestadien-3-one and 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl) azulene. In the extract of ethyl acetate contained the organic compounds: methyl heptadecanoic, hexadecanoic acid, methyl 13-octadecenoic, 14,16-octadecadienal and octadecanoic acid.
APLIKASI 1H-NMR DALAM PENENTUAN KONVERSI METIL ESTER PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL
Authors: Kartika Dwi , Yoeswono Yoeswono
Published: February 2017

Determination of methyl ester conversion on biodiesel processing using 1H-NMR spectrometer has been done. Methoxy spectra from methyl ester would appear at 3,7 ppm (singlet), spectra at 4,2 ppm (doublet of doublet) was glyceridic proton. The spectrum could be used as reference to determine the degree of biodiesel conversion, because spectra at chemical shift 4.2 ppm was characteristic for triglyceride that methyl ester did not have it. Whereas, spectra at chemical shift 3.7 ppm was characteristic for methyl ester that triglyceride did not have it. The extent of both spectrum indicated for incompletness in biodiesel synthesis.
PEMANFAATAN KARBON SABUT KELAPA TERIMPREGNASI UNTUK MENGURANGI TEMBAGA(II) DALAM MEDIUM AIR
Authors: Andreas Roy , Sulaeman Uyi , Setyaningtyas Tien
Published: February 2017

This research is conducted to produce carbons from coconut fibre which approach to activated carbon clause continue with carbon surface modification and the adsorption examination to Cu(II) ions. The research consist of several phase. Carbon making of coconut fibre conducted by carbonization processes at 320-400oC with temperature interval 20oC. Carbon yielded in characterized moisture content, ash content and its adsoprtion to iodium. The carbon surface modification conducted by loaded 2-mercaptobenzotiazol (MBT) on carbon. The adsorpsibility of carbon-MBT tested by influence of contact time, pH, and the isoterm adsorption pattern. The result of the study showed carbonization of coconut fibre which approach the requirement of SII No.0258-89 gained at temperature 320oC. In the present study equilibrium time of 10 minute and pH was found to be optimum for both adsorbent. While type of isothermal adsorption from carban and carbon-MBT adsorbent followed the Langmuir adsorption pattern.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KITOSAN TERHADAP BAKTERI S.aureus
Authors: Kurniasih Mardiyah , Kartika Dwi
Published: February 2017

Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin. Chitosan is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic. Chitosan is polycationic in acidic media and give antibacterial activity. In this paper, antibacterial activity of chitosan have been studied.Chitosan had been isolated from white shrimp. Antibacterial activity of chitosan solutions was examined against S. aureus The result showed that antimicrobial effect on S. aureus was strengthened as the choitosan concentrate decreased.
PEMANFAATAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2 UNTUK MEREDUKSI ION TIMBAL
Authors: Riyani Kapti , Setyaningtyas Tien
Published: February 2017

TiO2­ photocatalyst can be used to reduce heavy metal ions into common metal ion or metal ion with lower coordination number. This research aimed to (1) study the influence of pH on the photoreduction activity of Pb2+ion by TiO2­, (2) study the influence of hole scavenger on the photoreduction activity of Pb2+ ion by TiO2­, (3) study the influence of light source on the photoreduction activity of Pb2+ ion by TiO2­. The method used on this research is laboratory experiment consist of the making of TiO2 thin film, standard Pb2+ photoreduction with the variation of pH, standard Pb2+ photoreduction with the variation of light source. The results of Pb2+ photoreduction are analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The result of the research showed that the activity of TiO2 to reduce Pb2+ can be optimum at pH 6, oxalic acid as hole scavenger and UV lamp use. The sunlight can also be used as the light source to reduce Pb2+ by TiO2 photocatalyst.
KARAKTERISTIK FILM TIPIS TiO2 DOPING NIOBIUM
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin , Effendi Mukhtar
Published: February 2017

Niobium (Nb) doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have been successfully grown using spin coating method. Characterizations of thin films was carried out using EDAX (Energy Dispersion Analysis for X-Ray), XRD (X-Ray Diffaction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to determine the microstructure of thin films. Determination microstructure, particularly of crystal structure was examined using ICDD data, whereas porosity calculation was done using the toolbox application on Matlab 6.1 software. EDAX, XRD and SEM characterization show that the thin films grown well at the Si substrates with the (002) field orientation is dominant and the thin film has the rutile structure. The TiO2 : Nb thin films product have granules round, uniform grain size and porosity value of about 41%.
HIDRASI IKATAN RANGKAP C7-8 SENYAWA KALANON DAN UJI SITOTOKSISITASNYA TERHADAP SEL LEUKEMIA L1210
Authors: Chasani Mochamad , Vaulina Eva , Iswanto Ponco , Rahayu Yayu
Published: February 2017

Calanone is anticancer compound that is isolated from species Calophyllum. The biological activity of calanone againts leukemia cell L1210 is relatively low showed by IC50 value at 59.4 μg/mL. A compound have a high biological activity if the value of IC50 under 10 μg/mL. This research aimed to obtained calanone hydrat compound which has a higher activity to inhibit leukemia L1210 cancer cell growth. Calanone hydrat compound is got through with two step reaction, first step was protonated double bond by acetic acid reagent and the second step is nucleophilic addition by water. Initial analysis for the synthesize product compound is done with thin layer chromatography (TLC) using n-hexane and ethyl acetate 2:1 (v/v) eluent. Coloum Chomatography and recrystallization is used to pure the synthesize product compound with n-hexane and methylen chloride 1:1 (v/v) solvent. The result analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The synthesized product give Rf at 0.4545 and rendement 4.72% (w/w), forming of brownish yellow chromatic powder and melting point at 190oC-192oC. Identification structure of synthesize product compound is done with mass spectrometer. The result of mass spectrometer identification were moleculer ion M+-18 (M+ 424) with fragments m/e=409, m/e=395, m/e=381, m/e= 331, m/e=317, m/e=303, me/=176, m/e=105, and m/e=77. Citotoxicity test againts leukemia cell L1210 yield the value IC50 equal to 45.64 μg/mL.
PENURUNAN KADAR SIANIDA DALAM LIMBAH CAIR TAPIOKA MENGGUNAKAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2
Authors: Riyani Kapti , Setyaningtyas Tien
Published: February 2017

Cyanide compound is one of the organic material contained in wastewater of tapioca production, which is a highly toxic substance for life. According to the results of physical and chemical properties of liquid waste samples of tapioca starch in the deposition process in the industry taken from Pancasan Village, Ajibarang, Banyumas, cyanide concentration in the effluent was 3.8 mg/L while the maximum level of cyanide allowed in industrial wastewater are 0.5 mg/L. Therefore, a method to reduce the concentration of cyanide is needed. One of the method is using of TiO2 catalyst. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the pH and UV irradiation time on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 to reduce the levels of cyanide on tapioca wastewater from PT. HARUM BUNGA, Purbalingga.This study uses a thin layer of TiO2 photocatalyst prepared by suspension of TiO2 coating on the glass plate that was dried at 120ºC and conducted with variations of pH that were 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 in the wastewater to determine the optimum pH, continued by time variation of UV radiation for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. The results showed that the largest percentage decrease in the concentration of cyanide occurs at pH 9 that is equal to 88.6361% and the largest percentage decrease in the concentration of cyanide by irradiation with UV light occurs after 10 hours irradiation, up to 93.7929%.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN HASIL DEGRADASI LIGNIN DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU KALBA (Albizia falcataria) DENGAN METODE TBA (Thio Barbituric Acid)
Authors: Rastuti Undri , Purwati Purwati
Published: February 2017

Antioxidants are compounds that can delay, retard or inhibit the oxidation reaction. Lignin is a natural polymer consisting of monomeric substituted phenols. Wood lignin degradation Kalba (Albizia falcataria) yields substituted phenol. The purpose of this study was to test the antioxidant activity of compounds of lignin degradation products Kalba using TBA (Thiobarbituric Acid). Wood lignin degradation products Kalba tested antioxidant activity using the TBA method. Phase test phase of this antioxidant activity is sample preparation, determination of the maximum wavelength, determination of equilibrium time, absorbance measurements and determination of the percentage of inhibition. The wavelength maximum for BHT test solution was obtained at 530 nm. The stability of absorbance achieved after 80 minutes equilibrium time. BHT test solution and sample solution containing the degradation of lignin 0.10% (w/v) increased but not as sharp as the absorbance of control, this suggests that the degradation of wood lignin Kalba have activity as an antioxidant, which relative minimize 13,70 % compare with BHT.
KAJIAN SIFAT MAGNETIK DARI PASIR BESI PANTAI LOGENDING KABUPATEN KEBUMEN
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin
Published: February 2017

Study on magnetic properties of iron sand on the Logending beach sand has been done. The research aims to identify the mineral content and characterization of magnetic properties on the Logending beach sand. The irond sand samples taken from the Logending beach with several lokation. Sand then dried, determined density and magnetic content is separated using a permanen magnet. The iron sand were analyzed using XRD ( X-ray difraction) and characterization of magnetic properties using the VSM (Vibrating sample magnetometer). The research shows that minerals are contained hematit (Fe2O3), with a value of susceptibility is 0.43 x10-6 m3/kg. The main magnetic mineral of iron sand from logending beach is paramagnetic.
KARAKTERISASI ABU TERBANG PLTU CILACAP UNTUK MENURUNKAN KESADAHAN AIR DI DESA DARMAKRADENAN KECAMATAN AJIBARANG KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Widyaningsih Senny , Setiawan Ely , Setyaningtyas Tien
Published: February 2017

Fly ash is an ash with smooth granular shape and black grey color. It is a waste material produced from the burning of coal. The contain of fly ash especially is silica and alumina that it can be used as adsorbent. As adsorbent, fly ash as used to decrease water hardness at Darmakradenan Village, Ajibarang District. The result showed that the porosity of fly ash was 13.6056%, the water content was 0.055%, adsorption capacity of iodium was 216.8975 mg/g, and adsorption capacity of methylen blue was 0,3891 mg/g. Fly ash could decrease total water hardness. The adsorption rise when contact time was added. Adsorption reached equilibrium at contact time 120 minutes with decreasion percentage 63.6363%.
KADAR GLUKOSA DARI HIDROLISIS SELULOSA PADA ECENG GONDOK MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI
Authors: R Sarjono Purbowatiningrum , S Mulyani Nies , S Setyani Wirnia
Published: February 2017

Telah kita ketahui bahwa eceng gondok merupakan salah satu sumber selulosa yang melimpah di alam dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon bagi jamur Trichoderma viride. Eceng gondok memiliki bobot kering selulosa 21,5%, hemiselulosa 33,9% dan lignin 7,01%. Trichoderma viride adalah jamur saprofit yang berpotensi memproduksi selulase yang mampu mendegradasi ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Glukosa dapat dimanfaatkan dalam produksi sirup gula, asam organik dan bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang mampu tumbuh pada media pertumbuhan hasil modifikasi eceng gondok serta memperoleh temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis eceng gondok dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dalam menghasilkan glukosa.Proses pertama adalah persiapan sampel enceng gondok meliputi delignifikasi, kurva pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride dibuat dalam media modifikasi eceng gondok untuk mengetahui waktu optimum pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride. Penentuan temperatur optimum dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada glukosa yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok menggunakan metode Nelson Somogyi.Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa Trichoderma viride mampu tumbuh pada media modifikasi eceng gondok. Temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok adalah 35oC dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 yaitu sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.
PEMANFAATAN KITOSANDAN JAMUR LAPUK PUTIH (Trametes versicolor)UNTUK MENURUNKAN KEKERUHAN DAN WARNA PADA AIR GAMBUT SEBAGAI SUMBER AIR BERSIH ALTERNATIF
Authors: Karelius Karelius
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemanfaatan kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih (trametes versicolor) untuk menurunkan kekeruhan dan warna pada air gambut sebagai  sumber air bersih alternatif dengan tujuan adalah mengetahui perbandingan dosis optimum kitosan dan jamur lapuk serta mempelajari kondisi optimum proses koagulasi dan flokulasi yaitu pengaruh waktu pengadukan dengan kecepatan 40 rpm dan pengendapan terhadap penurunan kekeruhan dan warna pada air gambut.Kitosan yang akan digunakan diisolasi dari limbah kulit udang yang dibuat melalui tiga tahap yakni tahap deproteinasi, demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Penentuan dosis optimum dilakukan dengan variasi dosis kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih perbandingan 800 : 200; 600 : 400; 400 : 600 ; 500 : 500 dan 200 : 800 (mg/L air gambut). Pengaruh waktu pengadukan lambat terhadap efektifitas koagulasi dan flokulasi dipelajari dengan cara koagulasi dilakukan pada waktu bervariasi yaitu selama 5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 menit.  Pengaruh waktu pengendapan dipelajari dengan suspensi hasil koagulasi diendapkan dengan waktu yang bervariasi selama 15, 30, 45, 60 dan 90 menit. Setelah diketahui dosis dan kondisi optimum koagulasi dan flokulasi selanjutnya diaplikasikan pada 3 (tiga) sampel air gambut yang diperoleh dari 3 (tiga) lokasi yang berbeda.Perbandingan dosis optimum kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih parameter kekeruhan adalah 600 : 400 mg/L air gambut dengan efektifitas sebesar 95,06%, dan  parameter warna dengan perbandingan dosis optimum 400 : 600 mg/L air gambut dengan efektifitas 96,20%. Waktu pengadukan dengan kecepatan 40 rpm optimum adalah 10 menit untuk parameter kekeruhan dan warna air gambut, dengan efektifitas masing-masing      96,34 % dan 96,68 %. Waktu pengendapan  yang optimum adalah pada waktu 45 menit untuk parameter kekeruhan dan 60 menit untuk parameter warna air gambut, dengan efektifitas masing-masing 96,37 % dan 96,68 %. Aplikasi kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih pada air gambut,  KLP 1 dan KLP 2 dapat dikatakan layak untuk digunakan sebagai sumber air bersih, dengan tingkat kekeruhan dan intensitas warna masing-masing adalah 1,27 NTU; 2,90 NTU dan 6,30 Pt-Co ; 18,19 Pt-Co. Sampel air gambut KLP 3 belum dapat dikatakan layak untuk digunakan sebagai sumber air bersih  dengan tingkat kekeruhan dan intensitas warna masing-masing adalah 26,29 NTU dan 49,78 Pt-Co.
Program Studi Kimia, MIPA, Fakultas Sains dan Teknik, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Authors: Chasani Mochamad , Budi Fitriaji Ruli , Purwati Purwati
Published: February 2017

Ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan anggota famili Combretaceae. Hasil uji senyawa metabolit sekunder pada kulit batang ketapang diketahui mengandung flavonoid, terpenoid, polifenol, steroid dan saponin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan fraksi ekstrak dari kulit batang ketapang yang memiliki toksisitas tertinggi terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach dengan menggunakan metode BSLT serta mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekundernya.Kulit batang ketapang diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak metanol yang diperoleh diekstraksi cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksana, dan etil asetat. Ekstrak metanol (EM), fraksi n-heksana ekstrak metanol (FH), fraksi etil asetat ekstrak metanol (FE), dan residu etil asetat ekstrak metanol (FR) diuji toksisitasnya. Fraksi ekstrak dengan toksisitas tertinggi diuji kandungan senyawa metabolit sekundernya menggunakan pereaksi warna pada plat KLT.Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa EM, FH, FE, dan FR bersifat toksik terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach dan FE bersifat paling toksik dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 61,675 ppm. Hasil uji metabolit sekunder menunjukkan FE mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, fenolat, terpenoid, dan saponin.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI TERAKTIF DAUN PACAR KUKU (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherischia coli
Authors: Handayani Nestri , Fitriana Aprilia , Suci Handayani Desi
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi teraktif daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) terhadap bakteriStaphylococcus aureusdan  Escherichia coli. Fraksi teraktif diperoleh dari hasil pemisahan kromatografi vacum cair (KVC) ekstrak etanol daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) yang telah melalui tahap maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Proses KVC dilakukan dengan  menggunakan tiga eluen yaitu n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Komponen kimia dalam fraksi teraktif diidentifikasi melalui skrining fitokimia dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS).Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi-fraksi daun pacar kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus danEscherichia coli. Fraksi etil asetat adalah fraksi teraktif anti bakteri.Identifikasi senyawa dalam fraksi teraktif melalui kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, antrakuinon, saponin, dan asam lemak. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa dominan 2-pentanone,4-hydroxy-4 methy, coumarin, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, dan 10-octadecanoic acid.
SINTESIS ZEOLIT DARI ABU DASAR BATUBARADAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM MERKURI (II)
Authors: Ma’rifat Ma’rifat , Krisdiyanto Didik , Irwan Nugraha Khamidinaldan
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan sintesis zeolit dari abu dasar batubara dan aplikasinya sebagai adsorbenuntuk logam merkuri (II). Zeolit disintesis dengan metode alkali hidrotermal dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan Spektrofotometer FTIR dan Difraktometer Sinar-X (XRD). Kajian adsorpsi zeolit terhadap logam merkuri (II) dilakukan dengan variasi pH,waktu kontak dan konsentrasi merkuri. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan bahwa zeolit telah terbentuk dengan serapan pspesifik pada bilangan gelombang 457,31 cm-1.Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa zeolit hasil sintesis mempunyai struktur material zeolit faujasit yang ditunjukkan dengan difraksi utama pada 6,29°; 26,89°; dan 31,19°. Adsorpsi zeolit terhadap logam merkuri (II) optimum terjadi pada pH 6, kesetimbangan adsorpsi cenderung mengikuti pola isoterm Freundlich dengan konstanta yaitu 1,803 x 10-4 mol/gram dan kinetika adsorpsi cenderung mengikuti persamaan pseudo orde dua dengan konstanta laju reaksi (k) yaitu 8,687 x 10-3(g/mg min).
PENGGUNAAN LUMPUR AKTIF SEBAGAI MATERIAL UNTUK BIOSORPSI PEWARNA REMAZOL
Authors: Yuanita Dewi , Widjajanti Endang , Sulistyani Sulistyani
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui massa biosorben optimum, waktu kontak optimum dan konsentrasi pewarna optimum dalam biosorpsi lumpur aktif terhadap pewarna remazol teknis serta mengetahui pengaruh proses biosorpsi terhadap kadar COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) pewarna  remazol teknis. Proses biosorpsi dilakukan dengan sistem batch pada berbagai variasi massa biosorben, waktu kontak dan konsentrasi pewarna remazol teknis. Larutan pewarna remazol teknis sebelum dan sesudah biosorpsi dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Penentuan kadar COD dilakukan pada larutan remazol teknis sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi. Efisiensi biosorpsi dinyatakan dalam bentuk konsentrasi teradsorpsi dibagi konsentrasi mula-mula larutan dan dikalikan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: massa lumpur aktif yang memberikan efisiensi terbesar pada biosorpsi remazol blue yaitu 5 gram dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 6,83% sedangkan untuk remazol red adalah 150 gram dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 67,19%. Waktu optimum dalam biosorpsi remazol blue menggunakan lumpur aktif adalah 15 menit dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 7,98%, sedangkan untuk remazol red adalah 75 menit dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 9,30%. Konsentrasi optimum dalam biosorpsi remazol blue menggunakan lumpur aktif adalah 200 ppm dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 6,19% dan untuk remazol red 600 ppm dengan efisiensi biosorpsi 9,10%. Kadar COD  pewarna remazol blue mengalami penurunan sebesar 22,22% setelah proses biosorpsi dengan lumpur aktif.
PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-ZnO/ Al2O3
Authors: Kartika Maharani Dina , Hidayah Rusly
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menghasilkan material komposit baru  berbasis bio polimer dan material anorganik non toksik yang dapat diaplikasikan pada berbagai bidang salah satunya pada industri tekstil sebagai agen antibakteri melalui proses pelapisan atau coating pada kain. Komposit kitosan-ZnO/Al2O3 dipreparasi melalui pencampuran larutan kitosan dengan partikel ZnO dan sol Al2O3 (alumina) yang dibuat dengan metode sol-gel. Karakterisasi komposit dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposit kitosan-ZnO/Al2O3 yang dihasilkan berupa larutan yang jernih dan transparan sehingga sangat sesuai untuk proses pelapisan tekstil sebagai agen fungsional antibakteri  pada tekstil. Karakterisasi FTIR komposit menunjukkan telah terjadi interaksi antara gugus fungsi pada kitosan dengan ZnO dan Al2O3 pada daerah bilangan gelombang 3500-3400 cm-1, 1600-1500 cm-1 serta 600-450 cm-1. Hal ini menandakan bahwa kitosan telah berinteraksi  dengan partikel ZnO dan alumina. Hasil karakterisasi kristalinitas komposit menggunakan XRD juga menunjukkan adanya pergeseran sudut 2θ pada kitosan di 2θ 10° dan 19° yang mengindikasikan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara kitosan dengan partikel ZnO dan Al2O3.
ISOLASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA BATANG TUMBUHAN BROTOWALI (Tinosporacrispa L.)
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Elfita Elfita , Masyita Masyita
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan isolasi satu senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak n-heksana batang Tinospora crispa. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Pemisahan dan pemurnian dilakukan dengan teknik kromatografi. Terhadap senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1 - difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) dengan variasi konsentrasi 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62,5, 31,25, 15,625 dan 7,8125 μg/mL. Senyawa hasil isolasi diperoleh dalam bentuk minyak berwarna kuning. Berdasarkan data spektroskopi NMR 1D dan dengan membandingkan data senyawa yang telah dilaporkan dari jamur endofitik batang brotowali pada literatur disimpulkan bahwa senyawa hasil isolasiadalah bis-(2-etilheksil)ftalat dengan rumus molekul C24O4H38. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dari senyawa hasil isolasi memberikan nilai IC50 sebesar 232,9 μg/mL dan dikategorikan tidak aktif antioksidan.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SABUN NATRIUM DARI MINYAK BIJI NYAMPLUNG (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Staphilococus aureus
Authors: Chasani Mochamad , Widyaningsih Senny , Mubarok Adidyan
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini menggunakan minyak biji nyamplung sebagai  bahan dasar sabun antibakteri. Pembuatan sabun dari minyak biji nyamplung dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu sintesis sabun menggunakan metode saponifikasi dan karakterisasi sabun berdasarkan SNI 06-3532-1994. Untuk mengetahui sifat antibakteri sabun, dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococus aureus. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan sabun yang berwarna kuning dengan berat 13,028 g dari 10,028 g minyak biji nyamplung. Karakteristik sabun berdasarkan SNI didapatkan kadar air 25,287%, jumlah asam lemak 72,177%, alkali bebas 0,082%,  lemak yang tidak tersabunkan atau lemak netral 0,834% dan minyak mineral  negatif. Sabun berbahan dasar minyak biji nyamplung memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadapStaphylococus aureus dengan diameter zona bening sebesar 14,701 mm.
Biodiversity of Bangladesh
Authors: Mukul Sharif A. , Biswas Shekhar R. , Rashid A. Z. M. Manzoor
Published: February 2017

Biodiversity has become an issue of global anxiety over the past decades due to its rapid decline worldwide. Bangladesh as one of the most densely populated countries in the world is no more exception. The country, although, was once very rich in biodiversity, during the last few decades as a consequence of the rapid reduction in forest area, urbanisation, habitat modification, unsustainable natural resources use and collection and overall climate change it has decreased alarmingly. Of late, the government, as a signatory of various regional and international conservation treaties, has taken various initiatives to improve country’s dwindling biodiversity. This paper reviews the present situation of biodiversity in Bangladesh, management trends and major causes of biodiversity loss. A separate statutory body is fundamental to ensure conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits arisen from biodiversity in the country.
Public Health, Ethics, and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Fleetwood Janet
Published: February 2017

With the potential to save nearly 30 000 lives per year in the United States, autonomous vehicles portend the most significant advance in auto safety history by shifting the focus from minimization of postcrash injury to collision prevention.

I have delineated the important public health implications of autonomous vehicles and provided a brief analysis of a critically important ethical issue inherent in autonomous vehicle design.

The broad expertise, ethical principles, and values of public health should be brought to bear on a wide range of issues pertaining to autonomous vehicles.