bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTES ON THE DISPUTE BETWEEN CATHOLICISM AND PROTESTANTISM
Authors: Borisonik Hernán
Published: November 2021

This article studies Protestantism and it’s confronts with Catholicism. To accomplish that, we take two complementary ways, on one hand a theoretical study that enquires about the origins of Lutheranism and its possible links with individualism and the new conceptions of the community, and on the other hand a reflection upon Latin America in the last decades as a concrete scene in which protestant communities have gained an enormous and unprecedented ground. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the study of Lutheran stances from their most ancient roots in the XIV century. As a result, the question towards the concept of community shows its importance, faced to certain kind of individualism that arises from Protestant doctrine. The second part considers the enormous importance that the appearance of new ways of Protestantism has had in the last decades in Latin American’s culture, making reference, precisely, to what extent is a community in Protestantism possible and which are its specific characteristics. Finally, through a brief review of some nodal points, some inputs or core ideas of the Lutheran doctrine can be put in a comparative level with actual movements in clear growth.
RELIGION AS A MEANS TO SOCIETAL COHESION IN NORDIC POLITICS 1988 – 2010
Authors: Lindberg Jonas
Published: November 2021

While the Nordic countries have a history of many similarities in core values and institutional arrangements, a number of differences have developed in recent years in relation to religion, due to political reasons. In this article, findings from four empirical studies on religion in Nordic parliamentary politics are analysed in terms of weak or strong politicisation for the purpose of homogeneity or in diversity. From an analytical model, different patterns of the use of religion in politics in the five countries are identified, due to the relationships between church and state, the level of religious diversity and the presence of right-wing populist parties. The conclusion is that religion once again has become a means to societal cohesion in Denmark, but also to some degree in Norway and Sweden in a search for a core authority in society. The main reason behind this change is the impact of globalisation.
RELIGION, POLITICS AND CULTURE IN SPAIN: TOWARDS A HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY OF THEIR DIFFERENTIATION AND THEIR RELATIONS
Authors: Pérez-Agote Alfonso
Published: November 2021

The historical process of modernisation of western European countries culminates in a specific form of relationship between collective identity and political legitimacy. This article is an attempt to analyse the particularities of the Spanish case. The author uses the analytical instruments provided by the social differentiation theory and historical sociology, which allows removing any teleological pretence from the secularisation theory. In relation to the Spanish case, the author shows: the late but swift character of the population’s subjective secularisation; the unfinished character of the separation between Church and State; and finally, the contemporary coincidence of the last process with the loss of the cultural religious roots of the autochthonous population and with the arrival of population whose religion is not so differentiated from their culture.
POLITICS AND RELIGION IN ITALY: A CATHOLIC HISTORY
Authors: C. Martino Simone
Published: November 2021

The paper looks at the historical and contemporary role of Catholic Church in Italian politics. Over the last sixty years Catholicism has played an important role in Italian society. The paper identify three ways in which Catholicism interacts with Italian public life: as a peculiar version of “civil religion”, through Catholic inspirited political parties and the Church intervening directly in specific public debates. After identifies the change of political role of the Catholic Church in the last decades the paper recognize the main challenges for this particular relationship in the next future
Presidential Address: Bohemia, Ireland and Pan-Celticism
Authors: Mac Mathúna Séamus
Published: November 2021

Presidential Address for the 5th International Colloquium of the Societas Celto-Slavica
The Figurative Dimension of Welsh Nicknaming in the Light of the Great Chain of Being
Authors: Jędrzejewska-Pyszczak Katarzyna
Published: November 2021

The present paper is concerned with tracing instances of figurative language among Welsh nickname formations. Selected nicknames are examined from the point of view of 1) the underlying metaphorical mapping in line with the class-inclusion approach (Glucksberg and Keysar 1990) according to which the source of a metaphor functions as a prototypical member of an ad hoc created superordinate category that also encompasses the target, and 2) a given metonymic model. Subsequently, an attempt is made at a classification of the investigated Welsh nicknaming patterns in relation to the concept of the Great Chain of Being, i.e. a universal hierarchy of life forms. Out of the three main principles of the Great Chain of Being, special reference will be made to the principle of linear gradation, which assumes a scale from the lowest type(s) of existence to the highest form.
The Nation or the 'Local Organic Community'?: Ó Cadhain versus Ó Droighneáin
Authors: de Brún Fionntán
Published: November 2021

A series of letters in the magazine An tUltach gives an important insight into the rural/urban dichotomy which has characterised Revivalist discourse. The Republicanism of the writer Máirtín Ó Cadhain (1906–70) is tempered by the knowledge that while the cultural identity of the Gaeltacht [Irish-speaking area] has been instated as the official national image, this image was at odds with the social reality of emigration and rural decline. The state’s need to centralise and standardise the Gaelic culture of the rural west was vehemently opposed by Ó Cadhain who felt that the local organic community was being supplanted by a vampiric corporate machine. Muiris Ó Droighneáin (1901–79) represents that section of Irish society in towns and cities who had embraced the ‘imagined’ linguistic community and corporate identity of the Republic and saw the need to replace the local with the national, particularly in his obsessive advocacy of standardised Irish. This paper will examine how the national Revivalist movement paradoxically displaced the integrity of local communal identity in which Gaelic culture found its most enduring refuge.
Bacteriocin-mediated inhibition of some common pathogens by wild and mutant Lactobacillus species and in vitro amplification of bacteriocin encoding genes
Authors: Ahsan Arooj , Mazhar Bushra , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Mustafa Madiha , Hammad Muhammad , Ali Nazish Mazhar
Published: November 2021

Lactobacilli are the most common probiotics used in food and other industries because of their capability of producing bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are compounds that are used to kill pathogenic microorganisms. As most bacteria have become resistant to synthetic antibacterial tools, the importance of using probiotics as antibacterial agents has increased. This work was done to check the bacteriocin effect on some common pathogens and the influence of mutation on the bacteriocin activity of Lactobacilli was also investigated. Four strains were isolated, identified from meat and pickles samples via culturing methods, staining, biochemical tests, and ribotyping. Preliminary tests, including Gram staining and catalase test, were done for the confirmation of Lactobacillus species. All strains were gram-positive and catalase-negative. Antibacterial activity was checked against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritis via agar well diffusion method. The mutations were done using ethidium bromide and the influence of wild and mutants were also checked. Interestingly, mutants developed more virulence than wild ones. It was also observed that they all were sensitive to pepsin. Protein estimation was done via Bradford method. Ribotyping of GCU-W-PS1 revealed 99 % homology with Lactobacillus plantarum and GCU-W-MS1 to Lactobacillus curvatus (99 % homology). Curvacin A, sakacin P, and plantaricin A genes were also amplified using specific primers. Gene sequence showed the presence of curvacin A gene in GCU-W-MS1. It was concluded that lactic acid bacteria could be used as antibacterial tools against common pathogens.
Evaluation and emotional consequences of the decision to postpone the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in Polish Elite Athletes
Authors: Nowak Martyna , Pilchowska Iwona , Domienik-Karłowicz Justyna , Krysztofi ak Hubert
Published: November 2021

In March 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the International Olympic Committee decided to cancel the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and postpone it to 2021. This decision caused a lot of emotions among elite athletes and disrupted their preparation cycle for the most important quadrennial athletic competition. The aim of the study was to investigate how Polish elite athletes regard this decision and what emotions they feel about it. The current training situation of athletes was also monitored during the study. 478 Polish elite athletes took part in the survey. The results showed that the athletes feel stronger sadness and uncertainty compared to the beginning of the year. Athletes with Olympic qualifi cation consider the decision to cancel the Olympic Games to be much more negative, but – what is interesting – is that they rate the current training options higher and declare feeling less concern about their sports form next year. Two independent clusters show that some athletes experience an increase in negative emotions, while others do not experience major changes (compared to the beginning of the year). Using factor analysis, two factors were also distinguished – emotional and sports. Both exhibited statistically signifi cantly correlations with opinions about the current training situation. The results obtained allow for the development of valuable recommendations regarding support for athletes. Strengthening the ability to regulate emotions, working with the structure of properly formulated goals and building awareness of maintaining a good attitude and approach will be particularly important.
Sense of Self-Worth and Executive Aspects of the Self Among Female Handball Players and Physical Education Students
Authors: Grygiel Ewa
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The ambiguous results of research and various contradictory conclusions resulting from them, motivate
researchers to undertake further attempts at analyses that could shed additional light on personality determinants
of sports success. The authors of the study made 3 dimensions of personality the subject of their research
– signifi cant from the point of view of achieving high sports results: self-esteem, hope for success and self-effi cacy.
Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate self-esteem and selected personality traits describing the executive
functions of the self and empirical verifi cation of the relationship between variables among female handball
players and physical education students. Material and methods. The study comprised 3 groups of women: the
fi rst – 33 female handball players aged 15-32, players of 1st league sports teams with an average training experience
of over 10 years. The second – 42 female physical education students. The control group (non-training), consisted of
female 39 philology students. In total, 114 women were included in the study. The following were used: the Polish
adaptation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Hope for Success Questionnaire (KNS) by Łaguna, Trzebiński
and Zięba, modelled on the basis of the Hope Scale by Snyder et al., and the Polish version of the Generalised
Self-Effi cacy Scale (GSES) created by Schwarzer and Jerusalem. Results. Handball players do not diff er in their personality
dimensions from female students of physical education, but they have greater willpower than non-trained
women. In turn, physical education students, compared to the control group, are characterised by higher self-esteem,
greater hope for success (greater willpower and the ability to fi nd solutions) and they have a stronger belief
in their own effi cacy. Statistically signifi cant, positive correlations between self-esteem and features describing executive
aspects of the self were found in all 3 groups of respondents. Similarly, in all 3 groups of women, a direct
relationship between two-dimensional hope for success and self-effi cacy was observed. Conclusions. The study
may be a contribution to research on the personality of handball players and have practical applications, being of
interest to sports psychologists and coaches working with handball players.
Models of injury and practical tips for using imagery in rehabilitation
Authors: Krawiec Joanna , Budnik-Przybylska Dagmara
Published: November 2021

Athletes’ reactions to injuries are varied and involve not only physical, but also mental responses. The perception of injury and individual diff erences can infl uence the results of rehabilitation. This article presents four models that show these relationships. Special attention is paid to the diffi culties faced by athletes when returning to sp Imagery is a mental training technique recommended in the rehabilitation process. Correct application of this method is thought to be important in recovery. There are several main factors that are considered to aff ect the eff ectiveness of imagery training. Real examples of the use of the technique by injured athletes are useful for understanding what to pay attention to. Our purpose is to show that imagery training can help in an injury situation. ort after injury.
Validity and Reliability of the Sport Readiness Questionnaire Focused on Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Sganzerla Gianfranco , Ravagnani Christianne de Faria Coelho , de Oliveira-Junior Silvio Assis , Ravagnani Fabricio Cesar de Paula
Published: November 2021

Background: The pre-participation physical evaluation (PPE), which includes a musculoskeletal system evaluation, identifies factors that may be a risk for athletes while practicing sport. Thus, the Sport Readiness Questionnaire Focused on Musculoskeletal Injuries (MIR-Q) was developed to screen athletes at risk of future injuries or worsening pre-existing injuries during training or competition. However, the criterion-related validity and reliability of the MIR-Q have not yet been analyzed. Objectives: To test the criterion-related validity and reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) of the MIR-Q. Methods: One hundred and twenty adult athletes from different sports (17 women) completed the MIR-Q and underwent a physical orthopedic examination (POE) performed by an orthopedic physician. At least one affirmative answer on the MIR-Q, as well as one positive finding on the POE, was considered “a risk factor for sport injury”. The validity was assessed from sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy measurements. Internal consistency was obtained through the KR-20 test. Reliability was measured using the test-retest method in a 7 - 14 day interval with a sub-sample (n = 41) and verified by the Kappa index. Results: Eighty-one (67.5%) questionnaires contained positive responses. The sensitivity of the MIR-Q against POE was high (84.4%), while specificity and accuracy were considered moderate, with values of 42.7% and 58.0%, respectively. Internal consistency was moderate (KR-20 = 0.57), and test-retest was weak (K = 0.30; P = 0.02). Conclusions: The MIR-Q was associated with high values of validity and low values of reliability. The questionnaire may be an alternative tool for musculoskeletal screening during PPE in limited medical settings (sports OR orthopedic physician) conditions. Future studies should investigate the predictive validity of the MIR-Q, and psychometric properties of the questionnaire with younger athletes.
Carpintería de armar con lacería en iglesias de la región de Murcia. Conceptos básicos y características de estas techumbres de madera
Authors: Collado Espejo Pedro Enrique
Published: November 2021

A principios del siglo XVI, el Reino de Murcia experimenta un notable aumento de población que conlleva la construcción de numerosas iglesias. En general, estos nuevos templos se caracterizarán por el sistema de techumbre de madera a base de carpintería de armar con lacería. En muchos textos, a estas construcciones históricas se les ha denominado como “iglesias mudéjares” o “iglesias moriscas”, y su tipología ha sido relacionada con los modelos granadinos, sevillanos, levantinos (por el uso de arcos transversales o diafragma) o castellanos, dependiendo del autor que analizara estas construcciones. El presente texto pretende exponer las características formales y constructivas de estas iglesias y sus techumbres de madera, los sistemas de aprendizaje y trabajo de los autores de las cubiertas (bajo el control de los gremios de carpinteros y regulado por las correspondientes ordenanzas), y justificar por qué no se deben atribuir estas edificaciones a carpinteros mudéjares o moriscos sino a carpinteros procedentes de áreas de Castilla y por qué deberíamos denominar estos trabajos como carpintería de lazo. Con ello, se pretende contribuir al conocimiento y difusión de estas magníficas soluciones estructurales y decorativas de carpintería de armar, con lacería, que aún se conservan el nuestra Región, contribuyendo así a su conservación.

At the beginning of the 16th century, the Kingdom of Murcia experienced a notable increase in population that led to the construction of numerous churches. In general, these new temples will be characterized by the carpentry-based wooden roof system of arming with lacework. In many texts, these historical constructions have been called "mudejar churches" or "moorish churches", and their typology has been related to the Granada, Sevilla, Levantine (due to the use of transverse arches or diaphragm) or Castilian models, depending on the author who analyzed these constructions. This text aims to expose the formal and constructive characteristics of these churches and their wooden roofs, the learning and work systems of the authors of the roofs (under the control of the carpenters' unions and regulated by the corresponding ordinances), and justify why these buildings should not be attributed to “mudejar” or moorish carpenters but to carpenters from areas of Castile and why we should call these works as laced carpentry. With this, it is intended to contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of these magnificent structural and decorative carpentry solutions to be assembled, with lacework, which are still preserved in our Region, thus contributing to their conservation.
Suppression Of Vitrinite Reflectance In The Malay And Penyu Basins, Offshore Peninsular Malaysia: A Review Of Available Data And Potential Implications
Authors:   Department of Geology, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Madon Mazlan , Jong John ,   JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration (Malaysia) Ltd, Level 17, Menara Prestige, No. 1, Jalan Pinang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Kessler Franz L. ,   Goldbach Geoconsultants O&G and Lithium Exploration, Bommichring 7A 63864 Glattbach, Bavaria, Germany, Scherer Michael ,   Geological and Geophysical Consulting, Barkenberger Allee 150A, 46286 Dorsten, Germany
Published: November 2021

Suppression of vitrinite reflectance is a well-known phenomenon and, if not recognised and corrected for, could potentially have a big impact on the results of thermal history and basin modelling, and seriously affect exploration decisions. The Malay Basin is known to have shown evidence of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) suppression in a selection of wells that were also analysed using the FAMM (Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals) technique. Analysis of available data suggests that potential vitrinite reflectance suppression may be identified using an empirical regression line which separates “suppressed” from “normal” Ro values based on the FAMM data. The “FAMM minimum regression line” was used to screen through Ro data from 142 wells (drilled between 1969 and 2005) in the Malay Basin and it is estimated that a quarter of those wells might be affected by suppression. Possible suppression was also noted in the Penyu Basin, where bottom-hole temperatures in some wells are consistently higher than Ro-derived temperatures. The regression line could be used as a tool for quick screening of legacy Ro data for potential suppression of vitrinite reflectance. At the very least, it could raise suspicion about the quality of the Ro data and trigger further investigation as to whether the suppression is “real”, and help justify additional or specialised laboratory analyses such as FAMM and VIRF (Vitrinite-Inertinite Reflectance and Fluorescence) to correct for suppression.
De la mise en oeuvre d’un ERP aux prismes des situations extrêmes et de la théorie de la structuration : une étude de cas dans une industrie pétrolière
Authors: Ait-Taleb Nabil , Lièvre Pascal
Published: November 2021

La mise en oeuvre d’un ERP est appréhendée comme une situation extrême, car elle cumule de la rupture, de l’incertitude et du risque. Nous abordons cette question dans le cadre du courant structurationniste, en mobilisant le modèle de Giddens. Nous introduisons l’outil technique comme un facilitateur en tant que ressource artefactuelle, dans le registre de la domination. A partir d’une étude de cas, nous montrons que ce modèle est pertinent pour rendre compte des blocages en matière d’appropriation d’un ERP, mais inadapté pour rendre compte de l’apprentissage des acteurs, dans un contexte où la dimension informelle prend une place importante.
Study into the Development of a Light Weight Smart Life Buoy Prototype (LWSLB)
Authors: Thanakodi Suresh , Talib Muhamad Lazim , Ali Syarifah Aishah Syed , Wahab Norshahriah Abdul , Ahmad Amalina Farhi , Noor Norshaheeda Mohd , Zahari Muhammad Izham Bin Ahmad , Ahmad Mohd Arif
Published: November 2021

Life Buoy, also known as a life preserver, is a crucial safety tool on board any marine ships. The most common and conventional lifesaver is operated manually to save people from drowning, yet this method poses a risk for both the victim and rescuer. Hence, with the help of current technology, a smart lifebuoy has been developed, whereby the rescuer just operates the lifebuoy using remote control. Yet, the existing smart life buoy system has been found heavy and hard to be operated, especially for women, children, and other people with disabilities.This paper focuses on the development of a lightweight smart life buoy system and its characteristics.  Arduino Uno R3, Arduino Nano, DC motor 775, Transmitter and Receiver kit were the main components used in the development of the lightweight smart life buoy system (LWSLB). The developed LWSLB system was tested at the National Defence University of Malaysia’ swimming pool due to Covid-19 lockdown, and data such as speed, range of remote connection and battery endurance were obtained. It has been found out that the developed LWSLB weighs just 3.5kg overall compared to Brand S which weighs 13.75kg. However, in terms of speed, Brand S proves to be faster at 4.17m/s compared to LWSLB which exhibits a speed of 1.25m/s.
Optimum Welding Parameters for Friction Stir Welded AA6063 Pipe Butt Joint Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Ismail Azman , Zulkipli Fatin Nur , Awang Mokhtar , Rahman Fauziah Ab , Khalid Puteri Zarina Megat , Baharudin Bakhtiar Ariff
Published: November 2021

Welding parameters for pipe joint friction stir welding (FSW) have been identified based on L-9 orthogonal arrays used in the Taguchi Method. Different welding parameters, such as rotation speed, travel speed and axial force, have been used to produce several quality friction stir welded AA6063 pipe butt joints. The reliability of products obtained in the FSW process can be improved through the identification of the optimum combination of welding parameters. Weld quality was evaluated based on its tensile strength and residual stress profiles. The S/N analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) have been used to determine significant welding parameters that affect weld quality. Maximum tensile strength with acceptable residual stress was obtained at the optimum welding parameters of 1300 rpm, 5 mm/s and axial force between 5 and 6 kN. The goal of this study was to optimize welding parameters for high tensile strength and low residual stress.
Dynamic Mechanics of Rigid Helicopter Systems During Ditching
Authors: Abu Zarim Mohamad Abu Ubaidah Amir , Omar Marja Azlima
Published: November 2021

Aircraft and helicopter often fly above open waters and thus have to observe regulations to ensure safe water landing under emergency conditions. This practice is also referred to as ditching - one of several types of slamming problems that are under review by the current regulations of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). Ditching is related to the controlled landing on water, with distinctive features such as hydrodynamic slamming loads, complex hydromechanics at tremendous forward speeds, as well as the interaction of multiphase fluid dynamics (air, water, and vapor). This paper presents the knowledge on system mechanics during helicopter ditching. The discussion begins with the fundamental kinetics of the rigid body, and then delves into dynamic relations to describe the effect of forces on motions. In the end, the paper discusses several relevant theories to further contribute to the understanding of the problem of impact.
Maritime Stock Prices and Information Flows: A Cointegration Study
Authors: Shackman Joshua , Lambert Paul , Benitiez Phoenix , Griffin Nathan , Henderson David
Published: November 2021

In this study, the issue of how global maritime stock prices influence the stock prices of large transportation companies in the U.S. and other large markets is examined. Maritime stocks are chosen because they are central in global trade and thus may be good indicators of future global stock market and economic trends. Maritime companies are often owned by families or governments and are traded in stock markets with lower standards of accountability, hence information flows from maritime stocks may be slower than flows from other stocks. Cointegration and vector error-correction analysis is used to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between maritime stocks, rail stocks, and trucking stocks. Evidence is found of a gradual diffusion of information from maritime stock prices to large rail or trucking stocks. This suggests that price changes in maritime stocks may help predict changes in prices in non-maritime transportation stocks.
РЕФОРМСКИ И АНТРОПОЛОШКИ ПРИНЦИПИ И ПРИСТУПИ У САВРЕМЕНОМ ФИЗИЧКОМ ВАСПИТАЊУ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Илић Душан Сп. , Бјековић Грујо
Published: November 2021

У раду се указује на важност реформских промјена у школском физичком васпитању. Назначени су досадашњи традиционални (формални) и савремени (суштински) приступи за реализацију физичког васпитања ученика. Посебно је наглашен пројектни приступ планирању и учењу у реализацији НПП-a и процеса наставе физичког васпитања. Овакво разматрање проблематике, са промјеном досадашње парадигме образовања, представља својеврстан искорак у реформи школског физичког васпитања. Иновирање рада у школи тражи вријеме, са доприносом свих друштвених и образовних субјеката, а понајвише наших школа и садашњих и будућих наставника физичког васпитања.
Efficacy of the Digit-in-Noise Test: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kwak Chanbeom , Seo Jae-Hyun , Oh Yonghee , Han Woojae
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives: Although the digit-in-noise (DIN) test is simple and quick, little is known about its key factors. This study explored the considerable components of the DIN test through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: After six electronic journal databases were screened, 14 studies were selected. For the meta-analysis, standardized mean difference was used to calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals.Results: The overall result of the meta-analysis showed an effect size of 2.224. In a subgroup analysis, the patient’s hearing status was found to have the highest effect size, meaning that the DIN test was significantly sensitive to screen for hearing loss. In terms of the length of the presenting digits, triple digits had lower speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) than single or pairs of digits. Among the types of background noise, speech-spectrum noise provided lower SRTs than multi-talker babbling. Regarding language variance, the DIN test showed better performance in the patient’s native language(s) than in other languages.Conclusions: When uniformly developed and well validated, the DIN test can be a universal tool for hearing screening.
Analysis of the Microbial Quality of Locally Consumed Palm Wine Sold in Elele Community of Rivers State Nigeria
Authors: Ikeh I. M. , Anele B. C. , Ukanwa C. C. , Njoku S. O.
Published: November 2021

Palm wine is generally consumed due to its nutritive composition to the human body system particularly when fresh and unfermented state. A total of 20 Palm wine samples obtained from two different locations in Elele community of Rivers state, were analyzed for their microbiological qualities. A ten-fold serial dilution method was used. For Total Aerobic Plate Count (TAPC) nutrient agar was used, MacConkey for coliform count (CC), Eosin methylene blue for Escherichia coli count (EC), and Potato dextrose agar for the fungal count. Microbial counts in the palm wine sold in the drinking bar were higher than that of the palm wine tapper.  TAPC, the sample from the drinking bar has a mean value (6.73+ 0.22 log10cfu/ml) which was higher than the value obtained from the palm wine tapper (6.70+0.15log10cfu/ml). The coliform count of palm wine from the drinking bar was (6.57+ 0.10log10cfu/ml) but not significantly different from those with minimum counts (6.56+ 0.9log10cfu/ml) obtained from the tapper. Escherichia coli of palm wine from drinking bar were (5.73+ 0.23 log10cfu/ml) which were higher than (5.71+ 0.18 log10cfu/ml). The Fungal counts of palm wine sampled from the drinking bar were higher but not significantly different from those obtained from the tapper. Bacteria isolated from the two respective palm wines sampled included Staphylococcus spp 50% and 30% respectively, Klebsiella spp 20% and 30% respectively, Proteus spp 40% and 10% and 30% respectively, Aspergillus spp 30% ,  10% and Saccharomyce cerevisae 20% and 30% respectively. For the analysis of variance, bacteria and fungi count was not significant. Consumers of palm wine are advised to purchase the product from the tapper to reduce the chances of contamination.
Workforce Skill Development Policy Guideline for Industrial Revolution in Thailand
Authors: Tuenpusa Pongpith
Published: November 2021

An article presents policies for Thailand's workforce development under the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution. It will be helpful for executives to design policies to improve the country's workforce. Within context, the changes from the impact of the Industrial Revolution were due to the influence of Disruptive Technology. The paper explores directions, trends, impacts, and policies for managing labor issues in the Disruptive Technologies era. Studying the opinions of 26 CEOs and executives of businesses in Thailand(2019-2020) used or affected by the Industrial Revolution, obstacles, feedback, focusing on issues, concepts about Disruptive Technologies, and vocational education concepts.

They are using qualitative research methodology and procedures to support policy. The study results are the impact of Industrial Revolution on Thai workers and technological TVET Institution to develop Thai people during Industrial Revolution, educational management to develop Thai people in the Thailand 4.0 Therefore focuses on increasing labor skills and educating to create new skill / Upskill /Reskill for workers under reality.

The policy document also outlines recommendations from the public and private executives. The CEOs have advised on the issue of developing the skills and performance of the workforce in the future. The changes in the skills of older workers and summary provide policy recommendations to educational institutions and governments.
Frequency of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patient with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Salman , Malik Zubair , Khan Nisar , Mojai Sajid Ali , Rehman Ata Ur , Khan Alamgir , Khan Muhammad Ismail , Ullah Najeeb , Jan Hafiz Tahsin Ullah , Ahmed Tahseen
Published: November 2021

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of acute ischemic stroke in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus.

Study Design: Descriptive Cross sectional Study

Place & Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Medicine, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan for the period of 06 months from 06 Feb, 2018 to 06 Aug, 2018.

Methodology: All patients admitted through OPD presented with type-II diabetes mellitus and having acute ischemic stroke after radiological confirmation using non-contrast enhanced CT scan brain with type-II diabetes (as per operational definitions above) were enrolled in study. Informed written consent was taken by the researcher with detailed history followed by detailed clinical examination and all patients who was give their consent to participate in the study was questioned about their medical history and was examined in detail for their neurological deficits. All the laboratory investigation was done from single hospital laboratory and all the radiological investigations were done from hospital radiology department.

Results: As per frequencies and percentages for acute ischemic stroke, 215 (74.65%) patients were found having acute ischemic stroke.

Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that there is a significant age difference between the diabetes-stroke co-morbid patient and non-diabetic stroke patient. Therefore, health education on preventive measures for type 2 DM, adequate regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar level through compliance to medical advice and medication, regular clinic attendance and periodic measurement of blood pressure and blood sugar level.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ibuprofen Fast Dissolving Tablets Employing Starch Malonate (Modified Starch) as a Superdisintegrant
Authors: Kumari Annu , Kumar R. Santosh
Published: November 2021

Aim: The goal of the study was to prepare a superdisintegrant named starch malonate followed by its evaluation for physicochemical properties. Prepared starch malonate was optimized in the preparation of fast dissolving tablets of ibuprofen by using 23 factorial designs.

Methods: Compatibility studies like FTIR, TLC and DSC were performed to check any interaction between starch malonate and ibuprofen. Fast dissolving tablets were compressed by direct compression method and subjected to various official tests like hardness, friability, drug content, dissolution etc. Wetting time and water absorption ratio were also performed. At last response surface plot and contour plot was plotted to check the effects of starch malonate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone (independent variables) on disintegration time and dissolution efficiency in 5 minutes (dependent variables). Stability studies were also performed to check the stability of prepared fast dissolving tablets of ibuprofen.

Results: Results of the studies showed that all the results are within acceptable limits and complying with the criteria of fast dissolving tablets. Drug content was found to be (100±5%), hardness of all tablets were found in between 3.8 -4 kg/cm2, friability was found less than 0.15%. Optimized formulation has showed less wetting time, less disintegration time followed by enhanced drug release. Among all formulation, formulation F2 has shown least disintegration time and enhanced drug release (99.89%) as compared to other formulations. We can conclude that starch malonate can be used as a novel superdisintegrant.
A Review on Pediatric Social Phobia and Selective Mutism
Authors: Fadl Ahmed Abdel Samie , Mohammed S. Alharthi, Saad , Ali A. Aldhneen, Baqer , Mohammed A. Alahdal, Saud , Mohammed F. Abdulrahim, Noor , Atiah S. Alotaibi, Nada , Ibrahim M. Al Samti, Amnah , Mohammed Alharthi, A. Elham , Assad Y. Aljabri, Fatimah , Rsheed A. Alrsheed, Nourah
Published: November 2021

Selective mutism (SM) is a psychological disease that affects children and is defined by a complete lack of speech in certain social contexts while speech production appears normal in others. Separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder (previously known as social phobia), agoraphobia, and panic disorder, as well as shyness and anxiety, can all be associated with selective mutism. SM is a rather uncommon condition. Estimates of its point prevalence have been found in clinic or school samples in a variety of countries, and typically range between 0.03 percent and 1.9 percent depending on the setting. To properly establish the disorder's diagnosis, clinicians can use the SM module of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children and Parents (ADIS-C/P) or the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children (Kiddie- or K-SADS). Nonmedication and medication-based therapies are the two basic types of treatment for selective mutism. Psychodynamic therapy, behavioural therapy, and family therapy are among the most common nonmedication-based or psychotherapy treatments. Selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (fluoxetine in particular) have been demonstrated to improve mutism and anxiety when used as a treatment option. The study aims to evaluate and treat selective silence and social phobia in children.
Detection of Drug Resistant Genes among A. baumannii by In silico PCR Method
Authors: Roshan A. , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree
Published: November 2021

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium classified as an opportunistic pathogen in humans by the World Health Organization. Different genetic determinants contribute to multidrug resistance, and transform it as a nosocomial pathogen.

Aim: Using in-silico PCR, this analysis aims to characterize the 13 distinct drug resistant genes found in 19 virulent A.baumannii strains.

Materials & Methods: There were 11 A.baumannii multidrug resistance genes chosen. In-silico PCR amplification was performed using forward and reverse primers from the 11 genes described in previous research. The amplicon bands were detected in 19 strains of A.baumannii that were set as default on the server.

Results: Among the 13 multidrug resistance genes studied, tet A, tet B, Sul 1, Sul 2, DfrA1,  ISAba-1 and ISAba-125 were detected among the 19 virulent strains of ​A.baumannii​.

Conclusion: The findings of the study documents the frequency of tet A, tet B, Sul 1, Sul 2, DfrA1, ISAba-1 and ISAba-125 like from the selected strains of A. baumannii. However, more experimental validation is needed in order to conduct routine surveillance on drug-resistant A. baumannii strains in hospital settings.
Effects of Preservatives Added in Cookies on Intestinal Bacteria
Authors: Sutharshan G. S. , Muralidharan N. P.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: An essential thing for human survival is food which provides nutritional support for the body or for pleasure. All the food used today has some preservatives, except our own garden plants. Preservatives prevent food spoilage from microorganisms but it will inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. Antimicrobial preservatives are the preservatives which inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. Methods of preserving foods have been used for centuries and include natural techniques such as smoking fish and meat as well as adding salts.

Aim: The main aim of the study is to find the effects of preservatives added in cookies on intestinal bacteria.

Materials and Method: Take a sample of 10 biscuits. Crush and mix 10 gms in 10 ml of sterile saline. soak for 30 mins and centrifuge and take the supernatant. Transfer 1 ml to each tube and add the selected organisms (lactobacilli). Add 10 microlitre of the selected organism (lactobacilli) to the supernatant. Hold for 30 mins and transfer 10 microlitre to BHI and count the CFU after incubation for 12 hours.

Results and Discussion:  After 12 hrs of incubation, colonies are formed. Using colony counter app colonies are counted. Biscuits 4 showed the highest growth of colonies of 797. The control of the bacteria shows confluence growth where the unlimited colonies are formed. This indicates the presence of antimicrobial activity on preservatives added in biscuits. This antimicrobial activity affects the health of the oral cavity and intestine.

Conclusion: From the above study, it is evident that the antimicrobial activity of preservatives that are added in biscuits could affect the health of oral cavity and intestine.
Survey on the Incidence of Covid19 Among Dentists Working in Dental Hospital Attached with Dental College
Authors: Arsath N. Mohamed , Muralidharan N. P.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Covid 19 is primarily a pneumonia associated viral infection that originated from Wuhan city in December 2019.The spread of novel coronavirus occurs through direct close contact with COVID-19 patients within one metre of the infected person and the rate of spread is enhanced especially if they do not cover their face when coughing or sneezing. The novel virus also spreads by the droplets surviving on surfaces and clothes for many days. The current study focuses on analysing the vulnerability of the dental population to covid19, and the study also deals with analysis of the knowledge among the dentists regarding the diagnosis, prevention and treatment protocols of Covid19.

Materials And Method: A manual survey was conducted with the self structured questionnaire prepared using google docs. An total of 1000 responses were received. The responses recorded were analysed and statistical analysis was performed

Results: The current survey results depict that around 97.14% of the participants were [1] [2] affected with covid19 and among them around 74.23% of the population did not get admitted in hospital and self quarantined themselves and took nutrition rich diet to recover from covid19 infection.

Conclusion: The study results within the limitation depicted that there is adequate awareness,knowledge on all aspects with regards to the pandemic outbreak novel corona virus. Study also shows the vulnerability of dentists in any community outbreak of any size.it also shows the disease management strategy handled by the local community.
Estimation of Bacterial Contamination on Toothbrush used by Different Students for a Different Time Period
Authors: Srinivas B. Kiran , Geetha R. V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Contamination of a surface occurs by microorganisms when it inhabits any surface or an object when the count of the bacteria increases. The degree of contamination can be estimated by counting the number of colonies, when a sample collected from that site is cultured. Streptococcus mutans is considered to be the normal commensal of our oral cavity. When it’s count is increased in the oral cavity, it causes dental caries and other tooth related problems. The main aim of this study is to estimate the bacterial contamination in the tooth brush head used by students for varying time periods.

Materials and Methods: Used toothbrushes for varying time periods are collected from students. Then their bristles are plucked with the sterilized forceps for the prevention of bacterial contamination and agitated in the saline and inoculated in the brain heart infusion broth agar with the help of sterilized bacterial loops and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. Then the colonies are counted and record as CFU/ml.

Results: The bacterial count is directly proportional to period of usage, but it is affected by certain factors like duration of brushing and using brushes. On an average the count was estimated to be 47 CFU/ml for two months, 57 CFU/ml for six months, 68 CFU/ml for eight  months and 81 CFU/ml for a year. The p1 value (for sample 1 and 2) was 0.046 (p<0.05), so it is statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study shows that in prolonged usage of tooth brushes the bacterial contamination also increases. So the tooth brushes should be protected in tooth brush holders, to avoid contamination and the toothbrushes should be changed once in a  month for betterment of oral health.
Monitoring the Safety of Herbal Medicines in Yemen: A Call for Action
Authors: Alshakka Mohammed , Badulla Wafa F. S. , Alshagga Sara , Awadh Nasser A. , Jha Nisha , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Consuming modern medicines with traditional herbs to treat and prevent diseases or even maintain health and well-being is common in different countries. Despite the high prevalence of this activity in Yemen, there is neither proper regulation that controls the production, standardization, quality control and use nor an appropriate system for herbal pharmacovigilance in Yemen. Yemenis prefer to use herbs before resorting to allopathic medicines, sometimes in concomitant or alternative to the allopathic medication. Most people believe that herbs are safe, though there are many side effects associated with herbal medicines. For the safe and effective use of traditional herbal medication, there should be a regulation from the official authorities that controls their preparation, selling, quality control, production, and monitoring of the side effects. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated a guideline for monitoring herbal safety within the current pharmacovigilance framework. However, monitoring and reporting the adverse effects of allopathic medicines in Yemen are limited, and the situation is more complicated and challenging for herbal medicines. The present article highlighted the challenges and provided recommendations for the application of effective herbal pharmacovigilance.
Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Study of Helicteres isora. Linn. - A Review
Authors: Mankar Swapnali S. , Younas Muh. , Pimpale Awadhut , Awari Devyani
Published: November 2021

Aim: In this article we compiled the whole plant of Helicteres.isora Linn showed excellent medicinal merits from ancient time belonging to the family Sterculiacea, which commonly known as murud sheng.

Study Design: The Pharmacognostic study i.e. microscopic and macroscopic study with preliminary phytochemical test on different parts of plant performed in a Datta Meghe college of pharmacy,Datta meghe Institute of Medical sciences, Wardha, in collaboration with Balkh university,Mazar-e-Sharif during the period of January 2021 to Septmber 2021.

Methodology: In the preliminary study focus on all pharmacognostic, by microscopic identification,by TLC, HPTLC by fingerprint application and phytochemical test of root extract, stem, leaf and fruit powder from different researchers study,  which showed the presence of carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, tannins, essential oil etc which shows number of medicinal merits

Results: During the study all investigators investigate, different region shows minute change in organoleptic charecteristics as well as phytochemical constituents and pharmacological study exhibits activities like Fruit showed Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic activity, Bark extract showed Antihelmintic activity  , Root extract as  Anticancer.

Conclusion: According to study we conclude that  Helicteres Isora Linn whole plant parts as well chemical constituents in every part is effective and used medicinally so further investigations are necessary to find out the active bio active molecules responsible to cure different disorders