bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atoms Dressed by Virtual and Real Photons
Authors: Allegrini Maria , Arimondo Ennio
Published: January 2024

Specific properties of quantum field theory are described by considering the combination of the system under investigation and the cloud of virtual or real particles associated with the field. Such a structure is called a “dressed system”, in contrast with the bare one in the absence of the interaction with the field. The description of the properties of such clouds in various physical situations is, today, an active research area. Here, we present the main features associated with virtual and real dressings, focusing on photon dressing. In analogy to virtual photon clouds dressing electrons in vacuum, virtual phonon clouds appear in solid-state physics. The interaction between real photons and the schematized two-level structure of an atom paves the way to flexible quantum control. Here, a unifying Floquet engineering approach is applied to describe single- and multiple-dressed atom configurations. Connections with the past and present atomic physics experiments are presented.
Application of Salicylic Acid Derivative in Modifying the Iron Nutritional Value of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Frąszczak Barbara , Matysiak Renata , Smiglak Marcin , Kukawka Rafal , Spychalski Maciej , Kleiber Tomasz
Published: January 2024

The present experiment addressed the effects of foliar sprays of different iron (Fe) concentrations (mg L−1), i.e., 2.8 (Fe I), 4.2 (Fe II), and 5.6 (Fe III), as well as an ionic derivative of salicylic acid (iSal) in two doses (10 and 20 mg L−1) on lettuce yield, chlorophyll and carotenoids content, and fluorescence parameters. Chemicals were used individually and in combinations two times, 23 and 30 days after the plants were transplanted. This experiment was carried out in a climate chamber. The Fe and iSal applications generally (except Fe I iSal, 10 mg L−1; Fe I iSal, 20 mg L−1; and Fe III iSal, 20 mg L−1) did not influence the fresh and dry matter content. The concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids was reduced for all treatments in comparison to the control (without spraying). The Fe content in leaves was promoted in the Fe-treated plants (+70% for Fe III + iSal, 10 mg L−1, and Fe I). The iSal treatment promoted the Mn content. For most combinations, the Zn and Cu accumulations, as well as the fluorescence parameters, decreased after the foliar spray applications. Overall, our study revealed the effectiveness of Fe-DTPA chelate, but not iSal, in increasing the Fe content of lettuce grown in soilless cultivation systems.
Monitoring the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Soil Salinity Using Google Earth Engine for Detecting the Saline Areas Susceptible to Salt Storm Occurrence
Authors: Kazemi Garajeh Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Recent droughts worldwide have significantly affected ecosystems in various regions. Among these affected areas, the Lake Urmia Basin (LUB) has experienced substantial effects from both drought and human activity in recent years. Lake Urmia, known as one of the hypersaline lakes globally, has been particularly influenced by these activities. The extraction of water since 1995 has resulted in an increase in the extent of salty land, leading to the frequent occurrence of salt storms. To address this issue, the current study utilized various machine learning algorithms within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to map the probability of saline storm occurrences. Landsat time-series images spanning from 2000 to 2022 were employed. Soil salinity indices, Ground Points (GPs), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products were utilized to prepare the training data, which served as input for constructing and running the models. The results demonstrated that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) performed effectively in identifying the probability of saline storm occurrence areas, achieving high R2 values of 91.12%, 90.45%, 91.78%, and 91.65% for the years 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2022, respectively. Additionally, the findings reveal an increase in areas exhibiting a very high probability of saline storm occurrences from 2000 to 2022. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the frequency of salt storms is expected to rise in the near future, owing to the increasing levels of soil salinity resources within the Lake Urmia Basin.
Optimization of Smart Textiles Robotic Arm Path Planning: A Model-Free Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach with Inverse Kinematics
Authors: Zhao Di , Ding Zhenyu , Li Wenjie , Zhao Sen , Du Yuhong
Published: January 2024

In the era of Industry 4.0, optimizing the trajectory of intelligent textile robotic arms within cluttered configuration spaces for enhanced operational safety and efficiency has emerged as a pivotal area of research. Traditional path-planning methodologies predominantly employ inverse kinematics. However, the inherent non-uniqueness of these solutions often leads to varied motion patterns in identical settings, potentially leading to convergence issues and hazardous collisions. A further complication arises from an overemphasis on the tool center point, which can cause algorithms to settle into suboptimal solutions. To address these intricacies, our study introduces an innovative path-planning optimization strategy utilizing a model-free, deep reinforcement learning framework guided by inverse kinematics experience. We developed a deep reinforcement learning algorithm for path planning, amalgamating environmental enhancement strategies with multi-information entropy-based geometric optimization. This approach specifically targets the challenges outlined. Extensive experimental analyses affirm the enhanced optimality and robustness of our method in robotic arm path planning, especially when integrated with inverse kinematics, outperforming existing algorithms in terms of safety. This advancement notably elevates the operational efficiency and safety of intelligent textile robotic arms, offering a groundbreaking and pragmatic solution for path planning in real-world intelligent knitting applications.
Spatial Distribution and Migration of Heavy Metals in Dry and Windy Area Polluted by Their Production in the North China
Authors: Bao Weimin , Wan Weifan , Sun Zhi , Hong Mei , Li Haigang
Published: January 2024

We explored the migration and distribution of heavy metal pollution in a dry and windy area in northern China. We collected soil, atmospheric deposition, and water samples, and measured heavy metal concentrations. Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in the 0–10 cm soil layer had a fan-shaped distribution, consistent with their atmospheric deposition fluxes. This indicates that the distribution of these heavy metals was driven by strong winds. The concentration of Cd in the river increased from 0.257 mg/L upstream to 0.460 mg/L downstream, resulting in the same distribution trends as soil near the river. Surface runoff may therefore drive Cd migration. The concentration of Pb in the river exceeded the pollution threshold, resulting in accumulation in the 5–10 cm soil layer. Atmospheric deposition fluxes were consistent with the soil distribution results, and principal component analysis showed that the contribution of surface runoff was high. This suggests that the migration of Pb and Cr is driven by both wind and surface runoff. Six heavy metals showed different migration behaviors, suggesting specific control strategies should be implemented for individual heavy metals.
Critical Situations and Prevention of Accidents in Chemico-Technological Systems (Methodological Aspects)
Authors: Fedorov Alexander , Yablonsky Gregory
Published: January 2024

The aim of this work is to study the causes of accidents in chemical processes, develop a methodology for accident prevention via control, and illustrat its realization by examples using a variety of strategies. The general concept of critical situations was introduced systematically covering both emergency and pre-emergency situations. In large-scale chemical plants, examples of accidents are presented. Accident causes as a result of disturbances and control faults in technological processes are analyzed. Approaches for preventing accidents are considered. The revealing of critical situations is presented as a problem of pattern recognition, and the subtasks of the recognition are analyzed. An emergency scale based on the assessment of various states of the chemico-technological process is introduced and applied for distinguishing the different levels of accident. The real obstacles in the prevention of accidents via control are shown and analyzed. Matrices of critical situations with corresponding characteristics are given. The main tasks for the prevention and elimination of critical situations are highlighted and characterized, and our methodology for the realization of these tasks is presented. Practical examples of the prevention of accidents in the industrial ammonia synthesis processes (including approaches and strategies) are demonstrated based on the real-time control of autothermal reactors.
The Effect of Jittered Stimulus Onset Interval on Electrophysiological Markers of Attention in a Brain–Computer Interface Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Paradigm
Authors: Klee Daniel , Memmott Tab , Oken Barry
Published: January 2024

Brain responses to discrete stimuli are modulated when multiple stimuli are presented in sequence. These alterations are especially pronounced when the time course of an evoked response overlaps with responses to subsequent stimuli, such as in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm used to control a brain–computer interface (BCI). The present study explored whether the measurement or classification of select brain responses during RSVP would improve through application of an established technique for dealing with overlapping stimulus presentations, known as irregular or “jittered” stimulus onset interval (SOI). EEG data were collected from 24 healthy adult participants across multiple rounds of RSVP calibration and copy phrase tasks with varying degrees of SOI jitter. Analyses measured three separate brain signals sensitive to attention: N200, P300, and occipitoparietal alpha attenuation. Presentation jitter visibly reduced intrusion of the SSVEP, but in general, it did not positively or negatively affect attention effects, classification, or system performance. Though it remains unclear whether stimulus overlap is detrimental to BCI performance overall, the present study demonstrates that single-trial classification approaches may be resilient to rhythmic intrusions like SSVEP that appear in the averaged EEG.
Structural Shifts in the Soil Prokaryotic Communities Marking the Podzol-Forming Process on Sand Dumps
Authors: Evdokimova Elizaveta , Ivanova Ekaterina , Gladkov Grigory , Zverev Aleksei , Kimeklis Anastasiia , Serikova Elena , Pinaev Alexandr , Kichko Arina , Aksenova Tatiana , Andronov Evgeny , Abakumov Evgeny
Published: January 2024

This work describes the microbial community structure of the continuously revegetated chronosequence of a former sand quarry, which demonstrates a unique example of nearly complete soil restoration in less than 100 years. Samples were collected at five time points (0, 3, 30, 70 years and mature soil) from the entire set of soil horizons, revealing the history of pedogenesis. Real-time PCR was applied to quantitatively describe the bacterial and archaeal communities. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify abundant microbial taxa. A beta-diversity analysis revealed that the prokaryotic community structure responded strongly to the processes of organic matter accumulation and the corresponding evolution of the soil into discrete horizons. Changes in soil microbiota in the course of soil profile evolution revealed three groups of prokaryotes, which tended to accumulate in the specific soil horizons and might be associated with the certain soil-forming processes, including plant roots growth. This research showed the heuristic potential of soil horizon profiling in microbiological studies as opposed to the formal depth-dependent separation of the soil layers. The results allowed us to trace the relationship between the structure of the soil prokaryotic community and the peculiarities of the evolution of the podzolic soil profile as well as to identify the microbial indicators and drivers of primary pedogenesis.
A Review on Solar Drying Devices: Heat Transfer, Air Movement and Type of Chambers
Authors: Fernandes Lisete , Tavares Pedro B.
Published: January 2024

Food waste is one of the biggest challenges we are facing nowadays. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, approximately one-third of all food produced in the world is lost at some stage between production and consumption, totaling 930 million tons of food per year. Meanwhile, 10.5% of humanity suffers from malnutrition, 26% are overweight and greenhouse gases derived from the food industry account for between 25 and 30% of total emissions (8 to 10% referring to food waste), exacerbating the current climate crisis. To address these concerns, there has been a growing inclination to seek alternatives to fossil fuels, including the adoption of solar energy across diverse sectors, including the food industry. Actions are needed in order to change these patterns. This review article aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the field of solar food dehydration and the types of dehydrators that have emerged. Extensive research and bibliographic analysis, including other review articles, have revealed a growing focus on investment in this area to develop solar dehydrators that are increasingly effective but as sustainable as possible.
Assessing Biomechanical and Clinical Outcomes of an Elbow Orthosis Intervention in Youth Baseball: Preliminary Results
Authors: Mariscal Gonzalo , Barrios Carlos
Published: January 2024

Proper orthosis design may help youth baseball players develop safer pitching mechanics to prevent elbow injuries. This study evaluated the impact of a custom elbow orthosis on pitching biomechanics and adverse events. Ten 11–12-year-old players (mean age 11.5 years) from a regional league team were recruited. The inclusion criteria were at least two years of baseball experience. Six players were randomly assigned to the orthosis group, with four in the control group. Anthropometric data and baseline characteristics were recorded. A video analysis assessed elbow flexion angle during pitching at baseline and at 2 months. The frequency of orthosis wear was also tracked. Adverse events during twice-weekly practices were documented. Post-study surveys evaluated orthosis comfort, stability, and safety perceptions. In the orthosis group (n = 6), four participants showed improved elbow flexion angle, and two of the six participants showed almost no change. The overall median difference was 23.5°. In the control group (n = 4), three participants showed improvement, with a median improvement of 5.5°. Twelve adverse events, including pain, were reported by players not wearing orthoses, whereas no events occurred with orthosis use. Individual players in the control group or who did not wear the orthosis correctly experienced multiple episodes of pain from pitching over the study period. This preliminary study indicates a custom elbow orthosis can optimize pitching biomechanics and prevent adverse events in youth baseball players over the course of two months.
Differential Effects of Classical vs. Sports Massage on Erector Spinae and Upper Trapezius Muscle Stiffness: A Shear-Wave Elastography Study in Young Women
Authors: Jelen Amadej , Javornik Erina , Zupančič Manca , Kozinc Žiga
Published: January 2024

Classical and sports massages are commonly used interventions, but their comparative effects on muscle stiffness remain unclear. Classical massage is more general and uses light to moderate pressure, and its main purpose is relaxation. Sports massage, on the other hand, is more specialized and targets the unique needs of massaged individuals using moderate to firm pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of classical and sports massages on the stiffness of the erector spinae (ES) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles. Fifteen recreationally active young women, aged 22.9 ± 1.2 years, underwent a randomized cross-over study (with three conditions). Participants received either a five-minute classical or sports massage or a passive rest as a control on distinct days. Muscle stiffness was assessed using shear-wave elastography. The ES shear modulus displayed a significant time effect (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.515) without noticeable differences between the conditions, and the time × massage-type interactions approached statistical significance (F = 2.014; p = 0.073). There was also a large and statistically significant effect of the time on the UT (F = 11.127; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.443). We could not prove that classical and sports massages reduced muscle stiffness. The absence of significant differences might be attributed to the specific intervention parameters (massage duration of 5 min) and the small, only young women sample size. Given some tendencies towards significant effects, larger sample sizes are needed to further investigate this research question.
Role of Ethylene in the Regulation of Plant Developmental Processes
Authors: Khan Sheen , Alvi Ameena Fatima , Khan Nafees A.
Published: January 2024

Ethylene, a gaseous phytohormone, is emerging as a central player in the intricate web of plant developmental processes from germination to senescence under optimal and stressed conditions. The presence of ethylene has been noted in different plant parts, including the stems, leaves, flowers, roots, seeds, and fruits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the regulatory impact of ethylene on pivotal plant developmental processes, such as cell division and elongation, senescence, abscission, fruit and flower development, root hair formation, chloroplast maturation, and photosynthesis. The review also encompasses ethylene biosynthesis and signaling: a snapshot of the regulatory mechanisms governing ethylene production. Understanding of the impact of ethylene’s regulatory functions on plant developmental processes has significant implications for agriculture, biotechnology, and our fundamental comprehension of plant biology. This review underscores the potential of ethylene to revolutionize plant development and crop management.
Detection of a Multiple Circulation Event of Dengue Virus 2 Strains in the Northern Region of Brazil
Authors: Amorim Murilo Tavares , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Hernández Leonardo Henrique Almeida , da Paz Thito Yan Bezerra , da Silva de Oliveira Cintia Cryslaine , da Conceição Miranda Santos Alessandra , Queiroz Alice Louize Nunes , Wanzeller Ana Lucia Monteiro , da Silva Eliana Vieira Pinto , da Silva Fábio Silva , da Silva Sandro Patroca , Nunes Bruno Tardelli Diniz , Cruz Ana Cecília Ribeiro
Published: January 2024

Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) is responsible for dengue epidemics on a global scale and is associated with severe cases of the disease. This study conducted a phylogenetic investigation of DENV-2 isolates from 2017 to 2021 originating from the northern states of Brazil. A total of 32 samples from DENV-2 isolates were analyzed, including 12 from Acre, 19 from Roraima, and one from Tocantins. Only one lineage of the Asian-American genotype and one lineage of the cosmopolitan genotype were observed: Lineage 1, Asian-American genotype (connection to Puerto Rico); Lineage 5, cosmopolitan genotype (connection to Peru). Our results provide important data regarding the study of DENV genotypes and lineage distribution and open up possibilities for probable introduction and dissemination routes.
Comparing Numerical Relativity and Perturbation Theory Waveforms for a Non-Spinning Equal-Mass Binary
Authors: Islam Tousif , Field Scott E. , Khanna Gaurav
Published: January 2024

Past studies have empirically demonstrated a surprising agreement between gravitational waveforms computed using adiabatic–driven–inspiral point–particle black hole perturbation theory (ppBHPT) and numerical relativity (NR) following a straightforward calibration step, sometimes referred to as α-β scaling. Specifically focusing on the quadrupole mode, this calibration technique necessitates only two time-independent parameters to scale the overall amplitude and time coordinate. In this article, part of a Special Issue, we investigate this scaling for non-spinning binaries at the equal-mass limit. Even without calibration, NR and ppBHPT waveforms exhibit an unexpected degree of similarity after accounting for different mass scale definitions. Post-calibration, good agreement between ppBHPT and NR waveforms extends nearly up to the point of the merger. We also assess the breakdown of the time-independent assumption of the scaling parameters, shedding light on current limitations and suggesting potential generalizations for the α-β scaling technique.
Raychaudhuri Equations, Tidal Forces, and the Weak-Field Limit in Schwarzshild–Finsler–Randers Spacetime
Authors: Triantafyllopoulos Alkiviadis , Kapsabelis Emmanuel , Stavrinos Panayiotis C.
Published: January 2024

In this article, we study the form of the deviation of geodesics (tidal forces) and the Raychaudhuri equation in a Schwarzschild–Finsler–Randers (SFR) spacetime which has been investigated in previous papers. This model is obtained by considering the structure of a Lorentz tangent bundle of spacetime and, in particular, the kind of the curvatures in generalized metric spaces where there is more than one curvature tensor, such as Finsler-like spacetimes. In these cases, the concept of the Raychaudhuri equation is extended with extra terms and degrees of freedom from the dependence on internal variables such as the velocity or an anisotropic vector field. Additionally, we investigate some consequences of the weak-field limit on the spacetime under consideration and study the Newtonian limit equations which include a generalization of the Poisson equation.
Screening and Stability Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Protective Agents for a Live Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Suling , Wang Shuai , Zhang Chunhui , Su Xiaorui , Guo Linghua , Bai Xiaofei , Huang Yuxin , Pang Wenqiang , Tan Feifei , Tian Kegong
Published: January 2024

Infection of pigs with the pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes significant economic losses in the pig industry. Immunization with live vaccines is a crucial aspect in the prevention of pseudorabies in swine. The TK/gE/gI/11k/28k deleted pseudorabies vaccine is a promising alternative for the eradication of epidemic pseudorabies mutant strains. This study optimized the lyophilization of a heat-resistant PRV vaccine to enhance the quality of a live vaccine against the recombinant PRV rHN1201TK−/gE−/gI−/11k−/28k−. The A4 freeze-dried protective formulation against PRV was developed by comparing the reduction in virus titer after lyophilization and after seven days of storage at 37 °C. The formulation contains 1% gelatin, 5% trehalose, 0.5% poly-vinylpyrimidine (PVP), 0.5% thiourea, and 1% sorbitol. The A4 freeze-dried vaccine demonstrated superior protection and thermal stability. It experienced a freeze-dried loss of 0.31 Lg post-freeze-drying and a heat loss of 0.42 Lg after being stored at a temperature of 37 °C for 7 consecutive days. The A4 freeze-dried vaccine was characterized through XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses, which showed that it possessed an amorphous structure with a consistent porous interior. The trehalose component of the vaccine formed stable hydrogen bonds with the virus. Long-term and accelerated stability studies were also conducted. The A4 vaccine maintained viral titer losses of less than 1.0 Lg when exposed to 25 °C for 90 days, 37 °C for 28 days, and 45 °C for 7 days. The A4 vaccine had a titer loss of 0.3 Lg after storage at 2–8 °C for 24 months, and a predicted shelf life of 6.61 years at 2–8 °C using the Arrhenius equation. The A4 freeze-dried vaccine elicited no side effects when used to immunize piglets and produced specific antibodies. This study provides theoretical references and technical support to improve the thermal stability of recombinant PRV rHN1201TK−/gE−/gI−/11k−/28k− vaccines.
EGFormer: An Enhanced Transformer Model with Efficient Attention Mechanism for Traffic Flow Forecasting
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Zhang Qingyong , Chang Wanfeng , Xiao Peng , Li Minglong
Published: January 2024

Due to the regular influence of human activities, traffic flow data usually exhibit significant periodicity, which provides a foundation for further research on traffic flow data. However, the temporal dependencies in traffic flow data are often obscured by entangled temporal regularities, making it challenging for general models to capture the intrinsic functional relationships within the data accurately. In recent years, a plethora of methods based on statistics, machine learning, and deep learning have been proposed to tackle these problems of traffic flow forecasting. In this paper, the Transformer is improved from two aspects: (1) an Efficient Attention mechanism is proposed, which reduces the time and memory complexity of the Scaled Dot Product Attention; (2) a Generative Decoding mechanism instead of a Dynamic Decoding operation, which accelerates the inference speed of the model. The model is named EGFormer in this paper. Through a lot of experiments and comparative analysis, the authors found that the EGFormer has better ability in the traffic flow forecasting task. The new model has higher prediction accuracy and shorter running time compared with the traditional model.
The Enhanced Activity of a Plant Mixture from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome against Venereal Trichomonads Confirms the Traditional Use
Authors: Silva Nícolas Luiz Feijó , Vieira Patrícia de Brum , Silva Márcia Vanusa da , Macedo Alexandre José , Tasca Tiana
Published: January 2024

Women living in the semi-arid region of Caatinga in the northeast of Brazil report the use of plant mixtures to treat diseases in the genitourinary tract. Plant extracts were obtained from barks to simulate traditional use. The anti-trichomonads activity as well as the cytotoxic effect of plant extracts were tested. Herein, we confirmed this traditional knowledge by testing plants aqueous extracts against Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus, the etiologic agents of human and bovine trichomoniasis. All plant extracts were active individually against at least one trichomonads species except for Prosopis juliflora and Amburana cearensis. Cedrela sp. was the most active against both trichomonads species. Finally, a mixture of plants used in traditional medicine was evaluated for activity. A mixture containing extracts of the plants Ximenia americana, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, and Amburana cearensis was active against the two trichomonads. This finding confirms the traditional practice by women living in the Caatinga region of using a mixture of plants during sitz baths to treat vaginal infections. Altogether, these results highlight the ethnopharmacological use of Cedrela sp. and of the plant mixture for the treatment of venereal diseases by Caatinga residents.
Evaluating Contact-Less Sensing and Fault Diagnosis Characteristics in Vibrating Thin Cantilever Beams with a MetGlas® 2826MB Ribbon
Authors: Sultana Robert-Gabriel , Davrados Achilleas , Dimogianopoulos Dimitrios
Published: January 2024

The contact-less sensing and fault diagnosis characteristics induced by fixing short Metglas® 2826MB ribbons onto the surface of thin cantilever polymer beams are examined and statistically evaluated in this study. Excitation of the beam’s free end generates magnetic flux from the vibrating ribbon (fixed near the clamp side), which, via a coil suspended above the ribbon surface, is recorded as voltage with an oscilloscope. Cost-efficient design and operation are key objectives of this setup since only conventional equipment (coil, oscilloscope) is used, whereas filtering, amplification and similar circuits are absent. A statistical framework for extending past findings on the relationship between spectral changes in voltage and fault occurrence is introduced. Currently, different levels of beam excitation (within a frequency range) are shown to result in statistically different voltage spectral changes (frequency shifts). The principle is also valid for loads (faults) of different magnitudes and/or locations on the beam for a given excitation. Testing with either various beam excitation frequencies or different loads (magnitude/locations) at a given excitation demonstrates that voltage spectral changes are statistically mapped onto excitation levels or occurrences of distinct faults (loads). Thus, conventional beams may cost-efficiently acquire contact-less sensing and fault diagnosis capabilities using limited hardware/equipment.
Modern components of activities and models of national metrological institutes
Authors: Kuzmenko Yurii , Velychko Oleh
Published: January 2024

Economies and societies are constantly changing and developing, so national metrological systems also need changes and adaptation to modern conditions. National Metrological Institutes (NMI), as one of the main elements of the national metrological infrastructure, are responsible for the development and maintenance of national standards, conducting scientific research in the field of metrology. There are significant risks due to the lack of an effective metrology infrastructure at the national level. The article analyzes the main modern components of NMI activities and offers options for models of NMI functioning depending on the existing metrological infrastructure, taking into account various risks of the operation of such infrastructure.
Keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe pair check dalam menyusun teks prosedur kompleks pada siswa kelas XI MA Darul Hasan
Authors: - Muzemil , Ahnaf Fatih Holis , Sa’adah Susi Nurus
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran Pair Check

terhadap keterampilan menyusun teks prosedur kompleks siswa kelas XI MA. Penelitian ini

dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022 di MA Darul Hasan Pesawahan. Metode

yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif.

Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe pair check dan menyusun

teks prosedur kompleks. Kelompok eksperemen yaitu siswa kelas XI A dan kelompok kontrol yaitu

siswa kelas XI B MA Darul Hasan Pesawahan. Teknik dan instrumen dalam pengumpulan data

peneliti menggunakan angket/kuesioner, wawancara, dan tes. Teknik analisis data penulis

menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Dengan demikian, peneliti akan mengetahui keefektifan

model pembelajaran pair check terhadap menyusun teks prosedur kompleks.

Kata kunci: keefektifan, model pair check, dan teks prosedur
Diversité et différences
Authors: Charlot Martine
Published: January 2024

Parce qu’ils sont de nationalité étrangère et ont des difficultés d’insertion dans la vie économique et culturelle française, on a coutume de considérer les jeunes immigrés comme un groupe social uniforme. On a également coutume en ce qui concerne leurs relations avec les jeunes Français, soit de les figer dans un monde clos de différences ethniques, soit de nier toute différence au nom de la primauté de la classe sociale d’appartenance.

Un groupe de travail s’est réuni durant plusieurs séances au CNDP-MIGRANTS, fin 1977, afin d’élucider ces questions. Le groupe n’avait pas les moyens de se livrer à une étude approfondie, ou de mener une enquête sur un sujet qui, jusqu’à maintenant, a surtout donné lieu à des propos généraux et approximatifs. Il a essayé simplement de poser les problèmes en termes précis afin d’écarter les préjugés et les faux semblants, laissant aux chercheurs le soin de poursuivre dans cette voie... On trouvera, ci-dessous, l’essentiel des remarques échangées au cours des séances du groupe.

Les jeunes immigrés ne sont pas identiques entre eux
La perte des valeurs traditionnelles. Approche clinique
Authors: Cohen Margarit , Cohen Violette
Published: January 2024

Le texte ci dessous est extrait d’un mémoire dirigé par le Docteur Guy MARUANI et intitulé : «Aspects psychologiques de l’acculturation chez des migrants appartenant à une culture traditionnelle». Ce mémoire a été rédigé par Margalit COHEN, psycho-sociologue, auteur d’une thèse de 3e cycle, et Violette COHEN, psychologue et assistante sociale, à partir de leur pratique d’intervention à l’intérieur d’un service social : l’Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants.

La population migrante concernée par ce Service social est la population maghrébine de confession israélite. Il s’agit là d’un groupe appartenant à une culture bien déterminée : la culture juive traditionnelle d’Afrique du Nord. Les auteurs analysent les déstructurations de la famille et de la personnalité, troubles engendrés par la dislocation des valeurs en situation d’immigration.

Cette analyse comporte de nombreux points communs avec celle que l’on pourrait faire à propos de toutes les populations immigrées du Bassin méditerranéen ; et elle permet de mieux comprendre les difficultés d’adaptation des jeunes dont les familles sont originaires de ces régions.

C’est à ce titre que nous la présentons aux lecteurs de «MIGRANTS-FORMATION».
Juin 2004. Le concept de burn out. L'exemple des instituteurs spécialisés
Authors: Miller-Olla Yolande
Published: January 2024

La situation des professionnels confrontés au handicap en institution interroge et remet en cause non seulement les pratiques mais aussi les motivations qui sous-tendent les choix professionnels. Cet article présente les spécificités d’une population d’instituteurs spécialisés au travers du concept de «burn out» considéré sous ses deux dimensions : la souffrance (épuisement et dépersonnalisation) et la vitalité (accomplissement personnel).
Mai-juin 1977 : « Je pourrai lire le carnet des enfants »
Authors: Raillaud Sabine
Published: January 2024

Une des originalités du cours repose sur l’endroit où il a lieu : en effet, c’est à l’école primaire, fréquentée par les enfants des femmes qui viennent au cours que nous avons choisi de faire cette expérience. Les horaires sont les mêmes que ceux des enfants soit : l’après-midi de 13h30 à 16h30 à raison de deux séances par semaine.
Le décrochage scolaire : une question sociale et institutionnelle [VEI enjeux, n° 122, septembre 2000]
Authors: Glasman Dominique
Published: January 2024

Le décrochage scolaire est un objet aux contours flous. On ne peut en l’état que se contenter d’hypothèses quant à l’identité des décrocheurs et aux processus à l’œuvre. Néanmoins, il ne semble pas y avoir de rupture radicale entre les lycéens qui décrochent et leurs pairs qui, quoi que faiblement mobilisés par les activités scolaires, demeurent au sein des établissements. Les enjeux de ce phénomène dépassent le seul public concerné. Le décrochage interroge l’institution dans son fonctionnement comme dans sa capacité à donner sens à l’expérience scolaire et à aider à l’orientation des jeunes.
Un programme interministériel de recherche sur les processus de déscolarisation [VEI enjeux, n° 122, septembre 2000]
Authors: Dray Dominique , Oeuvrard Françoise
Published: January 2024

Le programme de recherche engagé par plusieurs institutions a pour objet de cerner quantitativement et qualitativement une déscolarisation qui touche de plus en plus des jeunes relevant pourtant de l’obligation scolaire. Une analyse des réponses à l’appel à projets fait apparaître la variété des territoires et des publics visés, des contenus de recherche, des choix disciplinaires et méthodologiques. La déscolarisation est abordée comme le produit d’une tension entre trois logiques (juvénile, familiale et institutionnelle) dont l’interprétation dépend en partie de la conception de la déscolarisation des différentes équipes de chercheurs.
Une génération en attente
Authors: Rayou Patrick
Published: January 2024

Faut-il lire le décrochage des jeunes scolarisés comme un renoncement à agir ou comme une réaction à une institution qui ne fait plus sens pour eux ? Sommés de construire eux-mêmes leur trajectoire, ces jeunes sont pris entre leur faible adhésion aux valeurs du système et leur crainte de se retrouver «hors jeu». Ce qui explique des comportements et pratiques qui d’ailleurs touchent l’ensemble du public scolarisé, et non les seuls décrocheurs. Le caractère massif de ce phénomène, du lycée à l’université, impose de ne pas le traiter comme une pathologie qui toucherait certains élèves. Il témoigne d’un trouble sur les conditions de massification de l’enseignement et appelle une réponse adaptée.
Los Nuevos Desafíos de la Educación en las Universidades
Authors: Cristiá Lara Sahilí
Published: January 2024

Frente a los desafíos que impone el perfeccionamiento de la educación en el contexto universitario, se debe tener claridad de las transformaciones que se suceden en los escenarios científico, tecnológico, político, económico y social para dar solución a las demandadas sociales. Visto así, se necesita formar estudiantes que, de simple receptor de los conocimientos obtenidos en clases, se convierta en constructor de sus propios aprendizajes y el docente en un facilitador del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje, promoviendo la reflexión e indagación por parte del aprendiz. El presente artículo se analiza críticamente los retos de la educación universitaria atendiendo a las nuevas tendencias educativas, programas educativos y la vinculación de los estudiantes con el desarrollo de su profesión.
Gestión de la Información y Criterio de Expertos en la Educación Superior en Cuba
Authors: Moro Ortiz Adriana María
Published: January 2024

Desde hace algunos años en círculos de debate científico entre investigadores de diferentes ciencias tanto de las llamadas naturales y exactas como sociales y humanísticas, se analizan aspectos relacionados con la sociedad del conocimiento, gestión de la información, la investigación científica y la importancia y factibilidad de utilizar el criterio de expertos en las investigaciones como herramienta de apoyo para validar los resultados. Estos temas se presentan como una tendencia de futuro imprescindible para enfrentar los retos del desarrollo científico y tecnológico. Lo anterior impone desafiantes retos a las universidades cubanas, las cuales deben velar continuamente por responder a las exigencias sociales en torno a la formación de profesionales. El artículo que se presenta analiza la necesidad de potenciar la gestión de la información y el criterio de expertos como herramientas del trabajo educativo e investigativo en las universidades de nuestro país. La metodología empleada parte de lo analítico sintético hasta llegar al proceso de lo general a lo particular destacando los contextos histórico lógico en cada momento. A lo anterior contribuyó la hermenéutica para realizar la interpretación de los textos utilizados.
Participación en Programas de Educación Continua en Profesionales de Imagenología: Análisis de Factores Influyentes
Authors: González Oliva Alexander
Published: January 2024

El trabajo se centra en analizar la participación en programas de educación continua entre profesionales de imagenología, así como comprender las motivaciones que impulsan esta participación. Además, se busca examinar el impacto percibido de la educación continua en la práctica profesional, identificar los desafíos comunes que enfrentan los profesionales en su búsqueda de formación continua y recopilar recomendaciones para mejorar la eficacia de estos programas. A través de la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual a una muestra de 60 profesionales se buscó proporcionar una visión integral de la educación continua en el contexto profesional y ofrecer pautas para el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas de formación y desarrollo profesional.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Scientific Instruments and Devices
Authors: Xu Zijie , Cao Leo N.Y. , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: January 2024

As one of the few self-powered instruments and devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been developed for more than 10 years since its invention in 2012. With wide material selections and diverse design structures, and without having to use an external power supply, TENG has been applied in many key technologies. By the end of 2022, more than 16,000 researchers from 83 countries and regions around the world have authored scientific papers in TENG. In this review, we start from the theoretical principles and working mechanisms of TENG, and discuss its 5 major fields of application, namely, as self-powered sensors, high-voltage energy devices, blue energy devices, micro/nano-energy devices, and solid–liquid interface probes. Next, we review the breakthrough progress made using TENG as commercial products in the following fields: medical health, intelligent security, and marine energy. Finally, we look forward to the future fields of application of TENG as advanced instruments and devices, especially in fluid dynamics sensing and aerospace fields. We firmly believe that various instruments and devices based on TENG technology will better serve the progress of human civilization.
Information Transfer in Neuronal Circuits: From Biological Neurons to Neuromorphic Electronics
Authors: Gandolfi Daniela , Benatti Lorenzo , Zanotti Tommaso , Boiani Giulia M. , Bigiani Albertino , Puglisi Francesco M. , Mapelli Jonathan
Published: January 2024

The advent of neuromorphic electronics is increasingly revolutionizing the concept of computation. In the last decade, several studies have shown how materials, architectures, and neuromorphic devices can be leveraged to achieve brain-like computation with limited power consumption and high energy efficiency. Neuromorphic systems have been mainly conceived to support spiking neural networks that embed bioinspired plasticity rules such as spike time-dependent plasticity to potentially support both unsupervised and supervised learning. Despite substantial progress in the field, the information transfer capabilities of biological circuits have not yet been achieved. More importantly, demonstrations of the actual performance of neuromorphic systems in this context have never been presented. In this paper, we report similarities between biological, simulated, and artificially reconstructed microcircuits in terms of information transfer from a computational perspective. Specifically, we extensively analyzed the mutual information transfer at the synapse between mossy fibers and granule cells by measuring the relationship between pre- and post-synaptic variability. We extended this analysis to memristor synapses that embed rate-based learning rules, thus providing quantitative validation for neuromorphic hardware and demonstrating the reliability of brain-inspired applications.
Can Molecular Quantum Computing Bridge Quantum Biology and Cognitive Science?
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhu Jianhua , Yao Yong , Lan Yucheng
Published: January 2024

Recently, quantum biology and molecular quantum computation have attracted substantial attention. Quantum biology applies quantum mechanics to biological systems at the molecular scale. Molecular quantum computing explores the degrees of freedom of molecules that can be used to produce quantum coherence, such as charge, orbital, opto-spin (interplay between optical excitation and spin), vibration, and rotation, to process quantum information. Cognitive science focuses on understanding how learning processes are realized, particularly within the human brain. The most common topic among these three is the computational process, which can exploit different levels of representation, either classical or quantum. Here, we review progress in quantum biology, molecular quantum computing, and quantum theory in cognitive science. Based on our critical analysis and review, we highlight that molecular quantum computing could be an important bridging research area between quantum biology and a deeper understanding of neuronal cells in cognitive science. Thus, these three areas can be the core to understanding how the classical world emerges from the quantum world and human intelligence. To answer these questions, we may gain insight by studying the quantum processes that underlie biological systems, such as photosynthesis and enzyme catalysis. An unprecedented opportunity for molecular quantum computing is to perform functionalities similar to those of the human brain. In this manner, we could not only expand the boundaries for quantum computing but also gain a better understanding of cognitive processes.
Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Pre-eclampsia: Study Protocol for a Triple Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Movaghar Rouhina , Abbasalizadeh Shamci , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh , Shahnazi Mahnaz
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Background: Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of premature birth, growth restriction, and intrauterine death of fetus. Probiotics has the potential to modulate inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers that implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The aim of the present study is to establish the impact of synbiotic supplements, comprising of probiotic and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide, in comparison to placebo, on the maternal and neonatal outcome outcomes in women afflicted with mild preeclampsia. Methods: This is a study protocol of a randomized, controlled, phase 3, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial. The classification is based on the gestational age at the time of diagnosis of mild preeclampsia (early-onset or late-onset preeclampsia). Participants will be 128 pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia (systolic blood pressure between 140-160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure between 90-110 mm Hg, along with other preeclampsia symptoms). Participants will divide into two intervention and control groups using a 1:1 random allocation ratio randomly. They will receive one oral capsule (the concentration of 109 CFU) or placebo daily from admission until delivery. Primary outcomes included mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean gestational age from diagnosis to delivery, and mean birth weight. Also, secondary outcomes included proteinuria, serum creatinine level, the incidence of severe PE, the use of antihypertensive drugs, the rate of natural delivery, incidence of serious complications, maternal blood factors such as platelet count, and serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, bilirubin, and LDH. Discussion: The present trial can importantly contribute to the selection of an appropriate Synbiotic supplement as safe pharmaceutical adjuvants in the treatment of pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and prevention of maternal and neonatal complications. Trial Registration: IRCT20110606006709N20. Registered on August 13, 2022.