bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross‐cultural study on online reviews and decision making: An eye‐tracking approach
Authors: Moriuchi Emi , Moriyoshi Naoko
Published: April 2023

Every information on an online review has a different impact on individual's decision‐making process. This difference is attributed to the individual's attribution of responsibility, which influences their cognition. In this study, a survey and eye‐tracker were used to conduct a study on restaurant reviews between two groups of participants (U.S. and Japan). Result suggests that the presentation of food in an image has a stronger impact on the Japanese respondents than it is for Americans. Between the two groups of participants, Americans focused more on the positive ratings, whereas Japanese focus on the extreme end of the ratings (1‐star vs. 5‐star). The distribution of the star ratings, which forms a particular letter shape (e.g., E) also has an impact on respondents' decision‐making process. Results show that Americans fixate on the shape of the distribution 7–8 times longer than the Japanese respondents. The result in this study suggests that the cultural cognition and attribution of responsibility, which is reflected in respondents' cultural dimensions (e.g., monumentalism vs. flexhumility), need to be considered. These considerations will affect how a company presents their information on a review site so that the content resonates and aids in their consumers' decision‐making process.
Are Two Riboses Better Than One? The Case of the Recognition and Activation of Adenosine Receptors
Authors: Gianferrara Teresa , Pavan Matteo , Bassani Davide , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Pasquini Silvia , Bolcato Giovanni , Varani Katia , Spalluto Giampiero , Federico Stephanie , Moro Stefano
Published: April 2023

Traditionally, molecular recognition between the orthosteric site of adenosine receptors and their endogenous ligand occurs with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry. Inspired by previous mechanistic insights derived from supervised molecular dynamics (SuMD) simulations, which suggested an alternative 2 : 1 binding stoichiometry, we synthesized BRA1, a bis‐ribosyl adenosine derivative, tested its ability to bind to and activate members of the adenosine receptor family, and rationalized its activity through molecular modeling.
Trait and symptom change in group cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depression
Authors: Niemeijer Miriam , Reinholt Nina , Poulsen Stig , Bach Bo , Christensen Anne Bryde , Eskildsen Anita , Hvenegaard Morten , Arendt Mikkel , Arnfred Sidse
Published: April 2023

Personality traits underlying both anxiety disorders and depression are more malleable than previously presumed. This study examined associations between changes in personality traits (i.e. negative affectivity and detachment) and alleviation of anxiety and depression symptoms following cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). We hypothesized that decreases in negative affectivity would predict alleviation of depression and anxiety symptoms and decreases in detachment would predict decreases in depression and, to a lesser degree, anxiety symptoms. Data (N = 156) were collected in a randomized controlled trial comparing transdiagnostic and diagnosis‐specific group CBT for patients with major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or agoraphobia. We assessed personality traits using the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5) and symptoms with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25‐item scale (SCL). Prediction was based on regression analyses. We found that decreases in negative affectivity predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms while decreases in detachment only predicted lower levels of depression symptoms. The findings substantiate current efforts to explicate the dynamic interplay between personality traits and symptoms and support the existing focus on targeting negative affectivity and detachment in therapy for anxiety disorders and depression.

The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT02954731).
Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer‐Based Fluorometric Detection of D‐fructose by Boronic Acid‐Containing BF2‐β‐Diketonate Complexes
Authors: Saito Hitomi , Sobue Yukika , Sugaya Tomoaki , Iwatsuki Satoshi , Inamo Masahiko , Ishihara Koji
Published: April 2023

Novel BF2‐β‐diketonate complexes 1–4 bearing phenylboronic acid moieties and methoxyphenyl or dimethylaminophenyl groups were synthesized and their photophysical properties, pH response, and reactivity to D‐fructose were evaluated. Complexes 1 and 2 bearing a methoxyphenyl group luminesced with high intensity in a range of non‐polar to polar solvents, except in DMSO, whereas complexes 3 and 4 containing a dimethylaminophenyl group with twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) properties showed a dramatic decrease in luminescence intensity with increasing solvent polarity. The luminescence intensity of complexes 1 and 2 decreased with increasing pH due to intermolecular vibration which associated with hydrogen bonding between the complexes and solvent water molecules, whereas it increased when they reacted with D‐fructose due to the suppression of the intermolecular vibration. In contrast, the luminescence intensity of complexes 3 and 4 increased with increasing pH and upon reaction with D‐fructose due to the loss of its TICT properties. The photophysical properties of complexes 1–4 and the TICT properties of complexes 3 and 4 were supported by density functional theory calculations.
Mizoroki‐Heck Macrocyclization Reactions at 1 M Concentration Catalyzed by Sub‐nanometric Palladium Clusters
Authors: Garnes‐Portolés Francisco , Merino Estíbaliz , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of cyclized organic compounds with more than ten atoms (macrocycles) is traditionally based on reversible reactions under highly diluted conditions, typically <0.05 M, in order to circumvent the formation of intermolecular products. These reaction conditions severely hamper industrial productivity and the use of solid catalysts. Herein, it is shown that the intramolecular Mizoroki‐Heck reaction of ω‐iodide cinnamates proceeds at 1 M concentration when catalyzed by few‐atom Pd clusters, either in solution or supported on a solid, to give different macrocycles in good yields. This paradigmatic increase in reaction concentration not only opens the door for macrocycle production with high throughputs but also enables the use of solid catalysts for a macrocyclization reaction in flow.
Effective autocorrelation‐based spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio network applications
Authors: Lyes Labsis , Djamal Teguig , Nacerredine Lassami
Published: April 2023

Spectrum sensing based on detection techniques enables cognitive radio networks to detect vacant frequency bands. The spectrum sensing gives the opportunity to increase the radio spectrum channels re‐utilization. However, the main challenge in spectrum sensing is the simplicity of the considered detection approach and the amount of prior information needed to make an accurate decision. This paper proposes a novel sensing technique based on the autocorrelation function. This novel approach is based on the speed of convergence to zero of all autocorrelation coefficients. This technique shows the highest probability of detection for the same probability of false alarm target at low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) compared with many standard detection techniques. The proposed method has been implemented using GNU Radio software and SDR (software‐defined radio) platforms. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method under real scenarios.
Analysis of selected sperm samples by a computer‐assisted system with high frame rate: A prospective study
Authors: Tang Shan‐Shan , Lu Jin‐Chun , Xu Yuan‐Hua , Wang Jing , Hong Ren‐Yun , Ge Yan‐Mei , Liang Yuan‐Jiao
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

Due to the rapid motility of the selected sperm, sperm parameters cannot be accurately determined by the manual method. So, the application of a computer‐assisted sperm analysis system with a high frame rate (HFR‐CASA, 85 Hz) in sperm selection is investigated.

Methods

A total of 177 semen samples were collected for sperm selection with density gradient centrifugation. Then, the manual method and HFR‐CASA method will be used to observe and analyze the sperm concentration, motility, and percentage of progressively motile sperm (PR) of the selected sperm samples. The quality control of sperm concentration was performed with microballoons. Two selected sperm samples were analyzed 10 times repeatedly to evaluate the accuracy of the HFR‐CASA.

Results

The results of microballoons analyzed with the HFR‐CASA were in control. The coefficients of variation of sperm concentration, motility, and PR from two selected sperm samples were all below 10%. The results of 177 selected sperm samples analyzed by the manual method and HFR‐CASA showed that although there were significant positive correlations in sperm concentration, motility, and PR between them (p < 0.001), the manual method significantly underestimated sperm concentration (p = 0.002) but overestimated sperm motility and PR (p < 0.001). When sperm concentration was below 50 × 106/mL, the manual method significantly overestimated sperm concentration (p < 0.05). However, when sperm concentration was more than 100 × 106/mL, the manual method significantly underestimated sperm concentration (p < 0.001). Regardless of sperm concentration, the manual method consistently overestimated sperm motility and PR (p < 0.001). When sperm concentration was more than 20 × 106/mL, there was no correlation in sperm PR between them (p > 0.05). When sperm concentration was below 50 × 106/mL, the correct rate of captured sperm by the HFR‐CASA was more than 98%.

Conclusion

The HFR‐CASA method is more accurate than the manual method in analyzing the selected sperm samples.
Barriers and facilitators to type 2 diabetes management among slum‐dwellers: A systematic review and qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Ghammari Fawzieh , Jalilian Habib , Khodayari‐zarnaq Rahim , Gholizadeh Masumeh
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise worldwide, especially in developing countries. There is a significant difference between the slum‐dwellers and other urban dwellers in terms of T2D incidence rate and access to healthcare services. This review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to T2D management among slum‐dwellers.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to identify barriers and facilitators to T2D management from January 1, 2002 to May 30, 2022. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were: qualitative or mixed‐methods research, published in English, focused on slum‐dwellers and T2D or its complications, and assessed barriers and facilitators to T2D management among slum‐dwellers. Quality appraisal was conducted using the QATSDD critical appraisal tool. A thematic approach was used for data analysis and synthesis.

Results

A total of 17 articles were included in this review. Three analytical themes were identified: (1) Individual factors consisting of four themes: lifestyle behaviors, informational, psychological, and financial factors; (2) Health system factors consisting of three themes: patient education processes, financial protection, and service delivery; and (3) Contextual factors consisting of three themes: family support, social support, and environmental factors.

Conclusion

Our review disclosed that the individual, health system, and context influence T2D management among slum‐dwellers. Policymakers can use the findings of this review to reduce barriers and augment facilitators to improve healthcare utilization and self‐care management among patients with T2D in slums.
Influence of motile gyrotactic microorganisms over cylindrical geometry attached Cross fluid flow mathematical model
Authors: Darvesh Adil , Sánchez‐Chero Manuel , Sánchez‐Chero José Antonio , Hernández Víctor Daniel Hijar , Guachilema Milton Doroteo Cayambe , Reyna‐Gonzalez Julissa Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of motile gyrotactic microorganisms on three‐dimensional (3D) cylindrical geometry attached to a Cross‐fluid flow mathematical model. The motion of the microorganisms is assumed to be governed by gyrotaxis, which is the tendency of the organisms to orient and swim perpendicular to fluid flow gradients. The study will incorporate the effects of the Cross fluid flow model with infinite shear rate viscosity, 3D cylinder geometry, and microorganism behavior on the resulting distribution and concentration of the organisms. For the inspection of the velocity profile of the Cross nanofluid, the inclined magnetic field is scrutinized. The temperature of Cross nanofluid and its concentration is also studied with several facts. Mass flux and heat flux values for motile microorganisms and nanoparticles are calculated through statistical graphs. Brownian motion parameter gives a lower concentration of nanoparticles, about 81.19% and 77.53% reduction is found in the concentration of motile microorganisms. These results will provide insights into the behavior of these microorganisms in natural and engineered environments, as well as their potential applications in fields such as biotechnology, environmental science, and medicine.
Forecast of policy-driven land use change and its impact on ecosystem services in China: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Haofei , Zhou Xiuhui
Published: April 2023

Land use change is an important factor affecting the performance of ecosystem services (ESs). Therefore, understanding the impact of land use change on ESs is of great significance for promoting the coordination of regional human–land relationships. In this study, random forest and cellular automata were used to simulate and predict the characteristics of land use change in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and diversified land use evolution patterns were formed in combination with China's strategic development needs. The effects of habitat suitability on ESs were analyzed by using a multiscenario land use change model. The results demonstrated that the driving factors selected in this article had a good induction effect on the law of land use evolution, and the simulated land use change had high credibility. Under the mode of ecological protection and cultivated land protection, the expansion of construction land was greatly affected and was not conducive to social and economic development. Under the natural evolution mode, farmland was greatly encroached upon, and food security was greatly threatened. The regional coordination model had relative advantages, and all kinds of land use needs were met to a certain extent. The water production function of ESs was strong, but the carbon storage function was weak. The relationship between the habitat suitability index and ES changes under land use change revealed that there were significant differences in ES changes caused by ecological quality changes in mountainous and plain areas. This study provides a reference for promoting social and economic development and ecosystem integrity. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1473–1484. © 2023 SETAC
Survey‐based evaluation of national practices for postgraduate year one pharmacy resident emergency response training
Authors: Cycz Clare , Philips Eli , Edmonds Nicholas , Malacaria Justin , Wong Adrian
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Medical emergency response teams optimally involve interdisciplinary expertise, including pharmacists. A pharmacist may make therapy recommendations, prepare medications, and act as a drug information resource, which are important skills for a postgraduate year one pharmacy resident (PGY1) to develop. Limited data exist evaluating current national practices for PGY1 emergency response.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe national practices for PGY1 emergency response. These data may help PGY1 programs identify potential best practices for self‐improvement.

Methods

An anonymous survey was developed to describe PGY1 emergency response within the United States and electronically distributed to PGY1 residency program directors. The questionnaire included general demographic information along with questions involving pharmacist and pharmacy resident emergency response and training within their institution. A univariate analysis was performed to evaluate potential predictors of survey respondent confidence in PGY1 independent emergency response by the end of the residency year.

Results

A total of 178 completed responses were obtained (response rate: 33.0%). The majority of respondents had both pharmacist and PGY1 response at their institution, with response to cardiopulmonary arrest being the most common. Of the 36 programs that did not have pharmacy resident involvement, the most common reason was due to lack of pharmacy response at their institution (61.1%). The majority of programs (68.3%) were confident in the ability for a PGY1 to independently respond by the end of their residency year. Only the number of emergency response by the end of the residency year was a predictor in their confidence of PGY1 independent response (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The majority of PGY1 programs had both pharmacist and pharmacy resident response to medical emergencies. The results of this survey may help PGY1 programs identify potential areas of improvement and help prospective residency candidates identify program characteristics that may best prepare them for emergency response.
The role of a pharmacy administration and leadership rotation within postgraduate year two critical care residency training
Authors: Pandya Komal , Wiegand Ali , Behal Michael , Dempsey Jackie , Olney Bill , Flynn Jeremy , Flannery Alexander H. , Ruf Kathryn
Published: April 2023

The job of a critical care pharmacy specialist has evolved to include quality improvement and administrative tasks. As such, the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) highlights specific goals and objectives to ensure post‐graduate year two (PGY2) critical care residents are sufficiently trained to perform these tasks. The PGY2 critical care pharmacy residency leadership at the University of Kentucky sought to develop a 4‐week learning experience entitled, “Critical Care Administration/Medication Use Quality & Outcomes,” as a unique rotation to capture these requirements and activities. The focus of this commentary is to serve as a guide for other residency programs to develop such a rotation, highlight resulting resident contributions to the department, describe perceived benefits of this rotation for residents, and highlight how this rotation impacted graduated residents' early years as practitioners. This learning experience is pivotal to providing a more balanced view of the entire medication use process and the healthcare ecosystem during a specialty residency. PGY2 critical care residents can gain valuable experiences away from the bedside that better prepare them for future tasks in addition to patient care that will be expected of them as clinical pharmacists.
DNA interactive property of poly‐L‐lysine induces apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells through DNA interaction
Authors: Mukherjee Avinaba , Debnath Souvik , Bhowmik Arijit , Biswas Souradeep
Published: April 2023

Poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) is known to be an encapsulating agent in drug formulation and delivery. PLL also has apoptotic and antiproliferative activities that enable blocking of the tumorigenesis process. However, the dose‐selective activities of PLL in exerting apoptosis against cancer are unclear. Therefore, this study has been designed to explore the potential role and dose of PLL in apoptosis, if any. For this, PLL was administered at several doses in cancer cell lines and was found to be more potent against MCF‐7 cells. PLL causes mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic death through the upregulation of cleaved caspase‐3. To investigate the mechanism responsible for this activity, we have analyzed if PLL could have the DNA interactive property or not. For this, molecular docking analysis was carried out to prove whether it has the property to bind with DNA or not. Studies have revealed that PLL is a potent DNA binder and it probably performs such apoptotic activities through the binding of cellular DNA early in an exposure. Simultaneous upregulation of both ROS‐mediated stress and also in key protein expressions like γ‐H2AX could also help us to confirm that PLL induces apoptosis through DNA interaction. This finding leads us to believe that PLL could play an interfering role with other chemotherapeutic compounds when used as a drug‐coating material as it exerts an apoptotic effect on cancer cells, which should be avoided by using a much lower concentration.
Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of peracetic acid formation at 1753 cm−1 mid‐infrared absorption peak using facile attenuated total reflection Fourier transform Infrared technique
Authors: Fu Cheng‐Hsin , Chen Guan‐Yu , Lin Yueh‐Hsin , Lin Cheng‐Huang , Muthiah Balaganesh , Kasai Toshio , Morita Kinichi , Mito Hiroyuki , Espulgar Wilfred , Santos Gil Nonato , Yu Derrick Ethelbhert
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Peracetic acid (PAA) is a highly effective disinfectant against a wide range of viruses and bacteria. Its versatility, cost‐effectiveness, and ability to quickly decontaminate large areas make it an ideal choice. PAA is also environmentally friendly and safe, as it does not produce any harmful by‐products. However, to ensure its efficacy, it is crucial to maintain the optimal concentration of PAA in the solution.

Objective

The objective of the study is to investigate the use of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy as a method for quantifying the concentration of peracetic acid (PAA), which comes in quaternary equilibrium mixture in commercial formulation. The study also aims to determine the rate constants and equilibrium constant for the production of PAA in various conditions, including the presence of catalyst and stabilizer.

Methods

The spectra of all chemicals in PAA solution obtained in FT‐IR Spectrometer were compared to identify the characteristic peaks of PAA, which were then computed using normal mode analysis at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level by Gaussian 09. The ATR‐FTIR was used to measure time‐dependent PAA signals until they reached equilibrium in three different conditions: (1) Acetic acid (10 to 17.4 M) and hydrogen peroxide (5 M), (2) with sulfuric acid as catalyst, and (3) with phosphoric acid as stabilizer. The collected data was analyzed through regression analysis, in which curves and rate law formulas were fitted to obtain the rate constants for peracetic acid synthesis and hydrolysis.

Results

This study shows that ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy can detect and quantify peracetic acid with a characteristic peak at 1753 cm−1. The proposed method is applicable to all peracetic acid solutions, including those with stabilizers and catalysts. The ATR‐FTIR method offers advantages such as short detection time, simple operation, small sampling volume, and accurate measurement. Moreover, the accuracy of this quantitative method is confirmed by the fact that the reaction rate constants deduced from the fitted curves are more consistent with the actual reaction rate constants than those of the reference data based on KI titration method.
Blood glucose trends in glycogen storage disease type Ia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fukuda Tokiko , Ito Tetsuya , Hamazaki Takashi , Inui Ayano , Ishige Mika , Kagawa Reiko , Sakai Norio , Watanabe Yoriko , Kobayashi Hironori , Wasaki Yosuke , Taura Junki , Imamura Yuki , Tsukiuda Tsutomu , Nakamura Kimitoshi
Published: April 2023

Background

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the glucose‐6‐phosphatase gene (G6PC) and mainly characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and renal insufficiency. Although its symptoms are reportedly mild in patients carrying the G6PC c.648G>T variant, the predominant variant in Japanese patients, details remain unclear. Therefore, we examined continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data and daily nutritional intake to clarify their associations in Japanese patients with GSDIa with G6PC c.648G>T.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study enrolled 32 patients across 10 hospitals. CGM was performed for 14 days, and nutritional intake was recorded using electronic diaries. Patients were divided according to genotype (homozygous/compound heterozygous) and age. The durations of biochemical hypoglycemia and corresponding nutritional intake were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the duration of biochemical hypoglycemia.

Results

Data were analyzed for 30 patients. The mean daily duration of hypoglycemia (<4.0 mmol/L) in the homozygous group increased with age (2–11 years [N = 8]: 79.8 min; 12–18 years [5]: 84.8 min; ≥19 years [10]: 131.5 min). No severe hypoglycemic symptoms were recorded in the patients' diaries. The mean frequency of snack intake was approximately three times greater in patients aged 2–11 years (7.1 times/day) than in those aged 12–18 years (1.9 times/day) or ≥19 years (2.2 times/day). Total cholesterol and lactate were independently associated with the duration of biochemical hypoglycemia.

Conclusion

Although nutritional therapy prevents severe hypoglycemia in patients with GSDIa with G6PC c.648G>T, patients often experience asymptomatic hypoglycemia.
急性膵炎後の被包化壊死増大に伴い脾梗塞・胃壁虚血に陥り外科手術を要した1例(Acute pancreatitis and enlarged area of walled–off necrosis followed by infarction of the spleen and ischemia of the gastric wall requiring surgery: case report)
Authors: みなみ 石田 , 麻衣 稲田 , 久晶 加藤 , 彰敏 齋藤 , 陽永 千葉 , 淳一 神原 , 眞治 稲田
Published: April 2023

症例は40歳の男性。基礎疾患に高トリグリセリド血症があり，急性膵炎を繰り返していた。約9か月前に壊死性膵炎を発症して膵尾部と胃脾間，結腸間膜に被包化壊死を合併，以降定期的にCT画像検査による経過観察を行っていた。今回左側腹部痛を主訴に来院し，腹部CT検査において胃脾間，膵尾部に各々44mm，43mmの被包化壊死を認め，いずれも2か月前の検査時より被包化壊死の増大を認めた。またそれぞれの被包化壊死に隣接して胃穹窿部の浮腫性変化と脾動脈閉塞，脾梗塞を認めた。ヘパリン・抗菌薬・鎮痛薬による保存的治療から開始したが，発熱が継続し，炎症反応の改善も得られず，入院第4病日のCT検査では脾梗塞の状況に改善がなく，一方で被包化壊死に接する胃壁全層の虚血所見が明らかとなったため，保存的治療を断念し，緊急開腹術での膵尾部切除・脾摘出・胃部分切除術を施行した。病理所見では被包化壊死と脾動脈との間には炎症性細胞の浸潤を認め，脾動脈内腔には白色血栓を認めた。胃壁漿膜側は被包化壊死に伴う炎症所見や周囲血管内の血栓形成を認めた。被包化壊死の自然史は明確ではなく，保存的治療においては，症状や画像所見を丁寧に評価して外科的治療介入の時期を見逃さないことが重要である。
VV–ECMO導入時に生じた右鎖骨下動脈–内頚静脈瘻に対してVIABAHN® ステントグラフトで修復した1例(A case of a right subclavian artery–internal jugular vein fistula that occurred at the time of VV–ECMO cannulation and was treated with VIABAHN® stent graft)
Authors: 源 鈴木 , 洋征 川浦 , 秀 人見 , 昌士 五木田 , 勝伸 勅使河原 , 茂正 田口 , 和也 清田
Published: April 2023

veno–veous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation（VV–ECMO）導入時に生じた右鎖骨下動脈–内頚静脈瘻（SCA–IJV fistula）に対してVIABAHN®を用いて血管修復を行った1例を経験したため報告する。症例は67歳男性。肺胞蛋白症に対してVV–ECMO補助下で全肺洗浄を行う目的で入院し，術前に右内頚静脈への送血管の挿入を試みた。ガイドワイヤーが下大静脈まで挿入されていることを確認した後，ダイレーターによる拡張を行ったが，抵抗があったため処置を中断した。中断後の造影CT検査で右SCA–IJV fistulaを認めたため，同日に右鎖骨下動脈損傷部にVIABAHN®を留置して修復を行った。第3，7病日にそれぞれ右，左全肺洗浄を実施し，第15病日に退院した。VV–ECMO導入時の合併症としての右SCA–IJV fistulaは稀である。ガイドワイヤーが適切に挿入されていてもダイレーターで血管壁を損傷する場合があり，リアルタイムでダイレーターやカテーテル先端を確認する必要があると考えられた。本症例のように呼吸不全の患者や，呼吸予備能の低下した患者において，SCA–IJV fistulaが生じた場合には，外科的修復は選択しにくく，低侵襲な血管内治療が有用であった。
Effect of polysaccharides on the rheological behaviour of soy–wheat protein aggregation and conformational changes during high‐moisture extrusion
Authors: Wang Fengqiujie , Lian Wentao , Gu Xuelian , Zhang Haojia , Gao Yang , Lü Mingshou , Zhu Ying , Huang Yuyang , Sun Ying , Zhu Xiuqing
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Due to the extrusion black box effect, polysaccharides determine the formation of meat‐like fibrous structures by modulating the flow behaviour and structural changes of plant proteins under high‐moisture extrusion conditions. However, there is limited knowledge on the mechanism of resolution. This study simulated the rheological properties of soy protein–wheat protein under 57% moisture conditions with addition of 4% sodium alginate (SA), 2% xanthan gum (XG), and 2% maltodextrin (MD). The effect of these polysaccharides on the aggregation behaviour and conformation of raw protein during high‐moisture extrusion was investigated.

RESULTS

It was revealed that the three polysaccharides were effective in increasing the interaction between proteins and between proteins and water. Among them, 4% SA elicited a significantly stronger storage modulus (gelation behaviour) compared to the control. Analysis of different zones of extrudates by protein electrophoresis, particle size, and turbidity showed that SA‐4% was able to form more high molecular protein aggregates (> 245 kDa) and promoted crosslinking of low molecular subunits (< 48 kDa), resulting in moderately sized protein aggregated particles. Fluorescence and ultraviolet spectra showed the transformation of protein tertiary structures in different extrusion zones, confirming that the key extrusion zone for protein conformational transformation by polysaccharides is the die–cooling zone. Furthermore, stretching of polypeptide chains and accelerated protein rearrangement facilitated the formation of more fibrillar structures.

CONCLUSION

Theoretical support for polysaccharide modulation of plant protein quality in high moisture extruded products is provided by this study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Why Do Candidates Forgo Cochlear Implantation?
Authors: Sturm Joshua J. , Brandner Gabriel , Ma Cheng , Schvartz‐Leyzac Kara C. , Dubno Judy R. , McRackan Theodore R.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Identify barriers and facilitating factors in cochlear implant (CI) utilization by comparing functional measures between CI candidates who undergo or forgo implantation.

Methods

Forty‐three participants were separated into two groups: (1) 28 participants who underwent CI and (2) 15 participants who elected not to proceed with CI despite meeting eligibility criteria (no‐CI). Prior to implantation, all participants completed the CI Quality of Life (CIQOL)‐35 Profile and CIQOL‐Expectations instrument. They were also surveyed on factors contributing to their decision to either undergo or forgo CI. Word and speech recognition were determined using the Consonant‐Nucleus‐Consonant (CNC) and the AzBio tests, respectively.

Results

CIQOL‐Expectations scores were indistinguishable between groups, but there were substantial differences in baseline CIQOL‐35 Profile scores. Compared to the CI group, the no‐CI group exhibited higher pre‐CI scores in the Emotional (Cohen's d [95% CI] = 0.8 [0.1, 1.5]) and Entertainment (Cohen's d [95% CI] = 0.8 [0.1, 1.5]) domains. Survey data revealed that the most commonly reported barriers to pursuing CI in the no‐CI cohort were fear of surgical complications (85%), cost associated with implantation (85%), and perception that hearing was not poor enough for CI surgery (85%).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this study indicate that functional outcome expectations are similar between candidates who elect to receive or forgo CI, yet those who forgo CI have higher baseline CI‐specific QOL abilities.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:3548–3553, 2023
How to improve scientific peer review: Four schools of thought
Authors: Waltman Ludo , Kaltenbrunner Wolfgang , Pinfield Stephen , Woods Helen Buckley
Published: April 2023

Peer review plays an essential role as one of the cornerstones of the scholarly publishing system. There are many initiatives that aim to improve the way in which peer review is organized, resulting in a highly complex landscape of innovation in peer review. Different initiatives are based on different views on the most urgent challenges faced by the peer review system, leading to a diversity of perspectives on how the system can be improved. To provide a more systematic understanding of the landscape of innovation in peer review, we suggest that the landscape is shaped by four schools of thought: The Quality & Reproducibility school, the Democracy & Transparency school, the Equity & Inclusion school, and the Efficiency & Incentives school. Each school has a different view on the key problems of the peer review system and the innovations necessary to address these problems. The schools partly complement each other, but we argue that there are also important tensions between them. We hope that the four schools of thought offer a useful framework to facilitate conversations about the future development of the peer review system.
Bifid Intratemporal facial nerves in an adult without other congenital anomalies
Authors: White Stephen F. , Tillett Natasha D. , Ogunsusi Monica T. , Yawn Robert J.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To describe a case of bifid intratemporal facial nerves without associated middle or inner ear abnormalities encountered on computed tomography (CT) imaging during preoperative preparation for unilateral cochlear implant placement in an adult male with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Methods

A rare case of bilateral bifid intratemporal facial nerves in an adult male is presented. The finding's impact on approach to safe cochlear implantation is discussed.

Results

Bifurcation of the intratemporal facial nerve is rarely seen and is usually associated with congenital middle or inner ear anomalies. A unique case of bilateral bifid intratemporal facial nerves without other middle or inner ear abnormalities was encountered incidentally on CT imaging during preparation for unilateral cochlear implant placement in an adult male with profound SNHL. The nerve was bifid along the mastoid segment with a nerve branch traversing through the facial recess precluding safe traditional approach to cochlear implant placement. Accessory stylomastoid foramina were noted bilaterally. Unilateral subtotal petrosectomy was performed with successful implantation and excellent hearing outcome. No additional clinical or radiographic otologic abnormalities were noted.

Conclusion

Abnormal bifurcation of the facial nerve may occur in adults without other middle or inner ear anomalies. This case highlights the importance of independent imaging review by the surgeon and vigilance to potential rare anatomic aberrations of the facial nerve during cochlear implantation.

Level of Evidence

IV
Quantitative vestibular assessment: The development and validation of a novel, remote video head impulse test against in‐clinic measurements
Authors: So Raymond J. , Cevallos Ashley , Pile Macie , Biju Kevin , Perez‐Heydrich Carlos , Padova Dominic , Walker Courtney , Schubert Michael , Agrawal Yuri
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To develop a novel remote head impulse test (rHIT), and to provide preliminary data validating the rHIT vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) gains against the in‐clinic vHIT.

Methods

A convenience sample of 10 patients referred for vestibular assessment at our institution was recruited. In‐clinic vHIT was used to quantify lateral VOR gains. Patients subsequently underwent an rHIT protocol, whereby patients performed active, lateral head rotations while their eyes and heads were recorded using a laptop camera and video‐conferencing software. The vHIT and rHIT VOR gains were compared using paired t‐tests, and a Pearson correlation coefficient between the gains was calculated. Absolute accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the rHIT were additionally calculated.

Results

Of the 10 patients recruited, 4 were male, and the average ± standard deviation (SD) age was 61.4 ± 15.3 years. As determined by the vHIT, 2 patients had normal bilateral VOR gains, 6 with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, and 2 with bilateral vestibular hypofunction. The correlation between the rHIT and vHIT gains was 0.73 (p < .001). The rHIT exhibited an absolute accuracy of 75.0%, sensitivity of 70.0%, and specificity of 80.0%. When ears had a vHIT VOR gain less than 0.40, the rHIT exhibited 100.0% accuracy. Conversely, 60.0% of deficient ears with vHIT VOR gains greater than 0.40 were incorrectly categorized by the rHIT.

Conclusion

The rHIT may be better suited for detecting more severe vestibular deficiencies. Future iterations of the rHIT should aim to increase the video frame‐rate capabilities to detect subtler VOR impairments.

Level of Evidence

4.
Promotion of ICD via Nanotechnology
Authors: Qin Yang , Zhang Haitao , Li Yunxian , Xie Ting , Yan Shuang , Wang Jiaqi , Qu Jun , Ouyang Feijun , Lv Shaoyang , Guo Zifen , Wei Hua , Yu Cui‐Yun
Published: April 2023

Immunotherapy represents the most promising treatment strategy for cancer, but suffers from compromised therapeutic efficiency due to low immune activity of tumor cells and an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which significantly hampers the clinical translations of this treatment strategy. To promote immunotherapy with desired therapeutic efficiency, immunogenic cell death (ICD), a particular type of death capable of reshaping body's antitumor immune activity, has drawn considerable attention due to the potential to stimulate a potent immune response. Still, the potential of ICD effect remains unsatisfactory because of the intricate tumor microenvironment and multiple drawbacks of the used inducing agents. ICD has been thoroughly reviewed so far with a general classification of ICD as a kind of immunotherapy strategy and repeated discussion of the related mechanism. However, there are no published reviews, to the authors’ knowledge, providing a systematic summarization on the enhancement of ICD via nanotechnology. For this purpose, this review first discusses the four stages of ICD according to the development mechanisms, followed by a comprehensive description on the use of nanotechnology to enhance ICD in the corresponding four stages. The challenges of ICD inducers and possible solutions are finally summarized for future ICD‐based enhanced immunotherapy.
NJAMHAA conference sets goal to ‘transform tomorrow’
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: April 2023

The New Jersey Association of Mental Health and Addiction Agencies (NJAMHAA) last week held its first in‐person annual spring conference since the COVID‐19 pandemic started in 2020 with the theme, “Transcending Today, Transforming Tomorrow.” The conference, held in Edison, New Jersey from April 25–26 included nearly 300 attendees.
Design of slot radiating RF planar sensor for homogeneity check of dielectric discontinuity
Authors: Banerjee Apala , Akhtar Mohammad Jaleel
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a 2.8‐GHz RF planar sensor with radiating slots is proposed for effective checking of discontinuity in homogeneous dielectric samples. The slots etched in the ground plane reduce the effective area for sample placement, which increases in the case of a conventional ring at the desired frequency. Several forms of discontinuity are analyzed and measured with the help of varying geometrical configurations of Teflon, wood, and polyethylene samples with varying permittivity. It is observed that due to the uniform distribution of fields among all the radiating slots any sort of configurational discontinuity is detected by the sensor in terms of the shift in resonant frequency and S21 transmission notch. The simulations are carried out using CST‐MWS and the equivalent model is developed using ADS. The numerical analysis is carried out using Origin software and the measurement is carried out using Taconic TLY‐5 substrate by photolithographic etching.
Broadband and high gain circularly polarized mushroom‐loaded nonuniform patch array antenna with aperture CPW feed
Authors: Guthi Srinivas
Published: April 2023

The circularly polarized antenna with high gain and broad bandwidth in single layer substrate is realized with mushroom‐loaded nonuniform square patches and aperture CPW feed for 5 GHz Wi‐Fi applications. An array of nonuniform square patches are excited by using a uniform aperture CPW feed. Moreover, the mushrooms are connected between the patches and the ground plane to reduce the spurious radiations on the patch. Mushrooms are moved in the diagonal direction of patches to generate circular polarization. The dimensions of the middle patches are increased and the mushrooms of the middle patches are moved further in the diagonal direction to enhance the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). An array of mushroom‐loaded nonuniform square patches with aperture CPW feed has achieved an IBW of 54.2% (4.76–8.3 GHz), an ARBW of 14.3% (5.49–6.29 GHz) and the peak gain of 9.5–9.9 dBi over 5 GHz Wi‐Fi band.
Chemiedidaktik: Kohlenstoffdioxid, Wasser und der Klimawandel
Authors: Ehlert Lars , Tepner Oliver
Published: April 2023

Die Weltmeere nehmen Kohlenstoffdioxid, CO2, aus der Atmosphäre auf, daher steigt mit der Verbrennung fossilen Kohlenstoffs und dem erhöhten CO2‐Gehalt in der Atmosphäre auch der CO2‐Gehalt des Meerwassers. Einfache Experimente für den Chemieunterricht machen Jugendlichen die Zusammenhänge zwischen Klimakrise und Ozeanversauerung klar.
Bilanz Evonik 2022: Von Aminosäuren bis Wasserstoffperoxid
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2023

Der Spezialchemiehersteller Evonik setzte im Jahr 2022 mit Preiserhöhungen mehr um als im Jahr zuvor. Die verkauften Mengen nahmen ab.
Bilanz Covestro 2022: Verhageltes Ergebnis
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2023

Covestro hat im Jahr 2022 so viel umgesetzt wie nie zuvor. Dennoch stand am Jahresende ein Verlust. Das Unternehmen will seine Polymervorprodukte für die Kreislaufwirtschaft optimieren.
Bilanz Biontech 2022: Impfstoffe und Onkologie
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: April 2023

Biontech setzt auf weitere Impfstoffe, etwa gegen Malaria, und baut die Wirkstoff‐Pipeline gegen verschiedene Krebsarten aus. Dafür gibt das Unternehmen mehr für Forschung aus.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2023 (1/3): Astrochemistry of star and planet formation
Authors: Spezzano Silvia
Published: April 2023

Stickstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffverbindungen im interstellaren Staub verraten, wie Sterne entstehen. Diese Moleküle haben Weltraumforscher:innen mit hochauflösender Rotationsspektroskopie detektiert und dazu die Verhältnisse im All im Labor nachgestellt. Wie organische Reaktionen wie nukleophile Substitution auf Molekülebene ablaufen, lässt sich mit Molekularstrahlmethoden herausfinden. Streumethoden dienen dazu, Reaktionen auf Oberflächen auf atomarer Ebene zu erfassen. Zeitaufgelöste Beugungsmethoden mit ultrakurzen Elektronen oder Röntgenphotonen werden zunehmend auf chemische Fragen angewandt, um Strukturen transienter Zustände zu beobachten.
Forschungskommunikation: Wissenschaft oder Politik?
Authors: Blicker Luca
Published: April 2023

Wissenschaftler:innen haben die Politik zur Coronapandemie evidenzbasiert beraten, ergab eine Sprachwissenschafts‐Untersuchung.
Constrained multi‐location assortment optimization under the multinomial logit model
Authors: Bebitoğlu Başak , Şen Alper , Kaminsky Philip
Published: April 2023

We study the assortment optimization problem in an online setting where a retailer uses multiple distribution centers (DC) to fulfill orders from multiple regions. Customer choice in each region follows a multinomial logit model. Each DC can carry up to a pre‐specified number of products. Outbound shipping cost to a region depends on the DC that ships the order. The problem is to determine which products to carry in each DC and which products to offer for sale in each region to maximize the expected profit. We first show that the problem is NP‐complete. We develop a conic quadratic mixed integer programming formulation and suggest a family of valid inequalities. We also show that a special case with identical choice models can be solved as a linear program. This LP solution approach can be used to develop heuristics for the general case. Numerical experiments show that our conic approach outperforms the mixed integer linear programming formulation and enables us to solve moderately sized instances optimally. The experiments also show that not allowing cross‐shipments or not considering them in assortment decisions may lead to substantial losses and LP‐based heuristics can be effective in practice.
Definition, classification, and causes of short bowel syndrome
Authors: Pironi Loris
Published: April 2023

The term “short bowel syndrome (SBS)” defines “the clinical feature associated with a remaining small bowel in continuity of less than 200 cm from the ligament of Treitz” and is characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea, fatty stools, malnutrition, and dehydration. SBS is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of chronic intestinal failure (CIF), defined as the “reduction of gut function below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes, such that intravenous supplementation (IVS) is required to maintain health and/or growth” in a metabolically stable patient. By contrast, the reduction of gut absorptive function that does not require IVS has been termed “intestinal insufficiency or deficiency” (II/ID). The classification of SBS can be categorized as follows: anatomical (anatomy and length of the residual bowel), evolutional (early, rehabilitative, and maintenance phases), pathophysiological (SBS with or without a colon in continuity), clinical (with II/ID or CIF), and severity of CIF (type and volume of the required IVS). Appropriate and homogeneous patient categorization is the mainstay of facilitating communication in clinical practice and in research.
Epidemiology, survival, costs, and quality of life in adults with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Winkler Marion , Tappenden Kelly
Published: April 2023

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disorder with known physical, psychosocial, and economic burdens and significant morbidity and mortality. Many individuals with SBS require long‐term home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The incidence and prevalence of SBS is difficult to determine because it is often based on HPN usage and may not account for those who receive intravenous fluids or achieve enteral autonomy. The most common etiologies associated with SBS are Crohn's disease and mesenteric ischemia. Intestinal anatomy and remnant bowel length are prognostic for HPN dependency, and enteral autonomy confers a survival advantage. Health economic data confirm that PN‐related costs are higher for hospitalizations than at home; yet significant healthcare resource utilization is necessary for successful HPN, and patients and families report substantial financial distress that impacts quality of life (QOL). An important advancement in QOL measurement is the validation of HPN‐ and SBS‐specific QOL questionnaires. In addition to the known factors negatively impacting QOL, such as diarrhea, pain, nocturia, fatigue, depression, and narcotic dependency, research has shown that the volume and number of PN infusions per week is associated with QOL. Although traditional QOL measurements describe how underlying disease and therapy influence life, they do not assess how symptoms and functional limitations affect the QOL of patients and caregivers. Patient‐centered measures and conversation focused on psychosocial issues helps patients with SBS and HPN dependency better cope with their disease and treatment. This article presents a brief overview of SBS, including epidemiology, survival, costs, and QOL.
Anatomical and physiological considerations in short bowel syndrome: Emphasis on intestinal adaptation and the role of enterohormones
Authors: Tappenden Kelly A.
Published: April 2023

Short bowel syndrome (SBS)–associated intestinal failure (IF) is a complex, life‐threatening condition that requires complex care of multiple factors impacting the patient's long‐term prognosis. Various etiologies result in SBS‐IF, with three primary anatomical subtypes occurring following intestinal resection. Depending on the extent and segment(s) of the intestine resected, malabsorption can be nutrient specific or sweeping; however, such issues and the associated prognosis for the patient can be predicted with analysis of the residual intestine, along with baseline nutrient and fluid deficits and extent of malabsorption. The provision of parenteral nutrition/intravenous (PN‐IV) fluids and antisymptomatic agents is fundamental; however, optimal management should focus on intestinal rehabilitation, wherein intestinal adaptation is prioritized and PN‐IV fluids are weaned over time. Key strategies to maximize intestinal adaptation include hyperphagic consumption of an individualized SBS diet and the appropriate use of trophic agents, such as a glucagon‐like peptide 2 analog.