bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carta al Editor
Authors: RODAS CHÁVEZ YVONNE
Published: February 2024

Leí el artículo de Fernando Torres-Salazar¹: “Cobertura de aseguramiento en salud y gasto de bolsillo en la pandemia COVID-19. Callao-2021” donde se realiza un interesante análisis sobre la relación entre la cobertura en salud y el gasto total durante la pandemia COVID-19 en habitantes del Callao. Me gustaría complementar lo señalado en el métodorespecto al diseño de investigación, precisando que corresponde al tipo correlacional-causal.
Islamic Philanthropy and Women's Empowerment at the Zakat Management Institution Bandar Lampung
Authors: Suslina Suslina
Published: February 2024

In the women's empowerment sector in utilizing the potential of zakat in society, it is very promising to improve the fate and status of women in a better direction. This hope can be realized when women unite to contribute in exploring the potential of zakat by maximizing the receipt of zakat through awareness of the obligatory zakat. Especially those with middle to upper income. So through zakat women who live on the poverty line can use it by increasing working capital to improve their quality of life. The aim of this research is; 1) To find out the function of the Zakat Management Institution in the implementation of zakat which is defined as women's empowerment. 2) Looking for interaction between women's empowerment and the implementation of zakat, as well as contributing ideas towards empowering women as well as empowering the implementation of zakat in the City of Bandar Lampung. The methodology of this research is field research (fild research) with a qualitative approach. The conclusion of this research is; 1) Structurally, the management and distribution of zakat in the city of Bandar Lampung is undeniable that women intervene. This is part of the form of public awareness and concern, that women are also able to play a role in the management and empowerment of zakat. 2) The empowerment program carried out by the amil zakat institution in Bandar Lampung City has been carried out, although it has not been maximized. Empowerment that touches on productive business development also has not received special attention, so that the role of women in this context does not directly lead to empowerment in the sense of a special program, in carrying out its movement, the Amil Zakat Institution in Bandar Lampung City holds the spirit of Islamic goals in zakat matters adhering to Law no. 23 of 2011 concerning Zakat Management.
Enhancing digital competencies in schools: The role of ICT coordinators
Authors: Jancarik Antonin , Hubert Vlastimil
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the growing importance of digital competencies in education, specifically focusing on the role of technical infrastructure in schools and staff support strategies. The discussion aims at the introduction of the ICT coordinator role in Czech Republic schools. Analysis indicates that schools with an ICT coordinator exhibit improved technology access for students and teachers, not solely determined by computer quantity per pupil. Noteworthy differences lie in the flexibility and availability of technology, with ICT coordinator-aided schools having more mobile computers, mobile labs, and more vital facilitation of BYOD methods. In conclusion, while recognizing the partial nature of school technology equipment data, the article concludes that training teachers and implementing the ICT coordinator role positively impact ICT technology use in schools. Recommendations based on Czech Republic research include establishing the ICT coordinator position, providing financial incentives, and reducing direct teaching loads. Future research should track changes in ICT equipment during ICT coordinators’ tenures and explore technology deployment dynamics, emphasizing collaboration between ICT coordinators, school management, and individual teachers.
Effect of friction on the buckling behavior of shallow spherical shells contacting with rigid walls
Authors: Nguyen XuanCuong , Arai Yoshio , Araki Wakako
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the effect of friction on the buckling behavior of a thin, shallow, elastic spherical shell under uniform external pressure based on an axisymmetric model of the finite element method. The study examines a combination of different geometric parameters with three different types of boundary conditions: clamped, hinged, and frictional ends with a wide range of friction coefficients. Friction has a significant influence on the buckling response of the spherical shell for all geometric parameters. In general, the critical pressure decreases as the friction coefficient or geometric parameter decreases. The buckling behavior of the frictional end with small friction coefficients presents an obvious difference compared to the results of high coefficients. For certain geometric parameters, the buckling mode of the spherical shell is transited because of changing the friction coefficient. A buckling map that describes the dependence of critical pressure on both friction coefficient and geometric parameter combined with buckling mode is generated. This map can be applied to the design of the spherical shell against buckling.
Bioreactor study of the metabolic repertoire and morphology of actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 10970 under various initial concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources
Authors: Bizukojć Marcin , Ścigaczewska Anna , Boruta Tomasz , Ruda Agnieszka , Kawka Aleksandra
Published: February 2024

This work aims at investigating the influence of the initial concentrations of carbon (glucose) and organic nitrogen (yeast extract) sources on Streptomyces rimosus ATCC10970 secondary metabolism in the stirred tank bioreactors. Additionally, glucose utilisation, biomass formation, pH, redox potential and dissolved oxygen levels, and the morphological development of S. rimosus pseudomycelium were studied. Eighteen secondary metabolites were detected by mass spectrometry and identified with the use of the authentic standard, or putatively with the use of literature and database of secondary metabolites. Varied initial yeast extract concentration acted much stronger on the formation of secondary metabolites than glucose did. For example, oxytetracycline was not biosynthesised at high yeast extract concentration while the formation of three other metabolites was enhanced under these conditions. In the case of glucose its increasing initial concentration led to higher secondary metabolite levels with the exception of an unnamed angucycline. High initial yeast extract concentration also drastically changed S. rimosus pseudomycelial morphology from the pelleted to the dispersed one. Ultimately, the cultivation media with the varied initial levels of carbon and nitrogen sources were proved to have the marked effect on S. rimosus secondary metabolism and to be the simplest way to either induce or block the formation of the selected secondary metabolites.
Algal biochar in dairy wastewater treatment
Authors: Dziosa Karolina , Makowska Monika
Published: February 2024

The article presents a novel solution based on dairy wastewater sorption on a biochar substrate obtained through thermal decomposition of Chlorella sp. algae biomass. The algal biomass obtained in the culture medium containing wastewater from dairy production was separated from the culture medium through sedimentation and centrifugation and then freeze-dried. After freeze-drying, the dry biomass was pyrolysed at 600 °C in a CO 2 atmosphere.The EDS analysis showed that the oxygen-tocarbon (O/C) and nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratios in the obtained material averaged 0.24 and 0.54 respectively. The arrangement and structure of the obtained biochar was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. The observed spectra revealed the presence of D bands located at 1346–1354 cm -1 and corresponding to disordered carbon structures, as well as G bands located at 1585–1594 cm -1 and corresponding to tensile vibrations. The D/G intensity ratio was determined at 0.28. The next phase of the research involved sorption of dairy wastewater from cleaning processes containing 1 g of the obtained biochar using solid phase extraction. The study results confirmed high sorption efficiency of the obtained algal biochar. Turbidity was reduced by 93%, suspension by 88%, sulphates by 61%, chlorides by 80%, and organic carbon by 17%. The research confirmed the possibility of using wastewater from dairy production as a natural culture medium for Chlorella sp. algae cultivation to manufacture valuable biochar, which could be used as a sorption bed in the treatment of dairy wastewater from cleaning processes.
Wojna jako doświadczenie graniczne. Wokół opowieści Tartak Iwana Ptasznikawa
Authors: Siwek Beata
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the experience of war in the story Tartak by Ivan Ptashnikav. The composition resembles a road novel. Its plot is created by the stories of successive characters who recount in detail their life in the countryside, about their past and finally their death as a result of shelling during the journey. The central theme of the work – the tragedy of the inhabitants of the village of Dalva, which was burned by the occupiers – was shown by the writer from the perspective of several different characters. Ptashnikav used the point of view technique here, situating the narrator’s field of observation in various forms. the prose writer will direct his attention to showing war as an individual experience. This is evidenced by the narrator’s concentration on the mental world of the characters, on the influence of external events on the spiritual experiences of the individual.
Leksyka religijna we współczesnej kinematografii rosyjskiej w tłumaczeniu na język polski. Na przykładzie filmów Wyspa Pawła Łungina оraz Мnich i demon Nikołaja Dostala
Authors: Kozieł Joanna
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to describe the translation of religious lexis, especially Orthodox vocabulary, in audiovisual translations. The research focuses solely on the Polish subtitles for Russian movies. The Island by Pavel Lungin and The Monk and the Demon by Nikolay Dostal were used as exemplification material. The aim of the study is an attempt to answer the question of what translation procedures, strategies and methods prevail in the case of translations of texts of this type.
Мессізалежний vs мессізалежність: iсторія двох неологізмів у футбольному інтернет-дискурсі
Authors: Maksymchuk Vitalii V.
Published: February 2024

In modern football discourse, speakers often verbalize actions, phenomena, signs and processes associated with the team leader, which creates the image of an idol, a star. This leads to the creation of neologisms that can enter different languages and be codified in lexicographic works. The article analyzes the history of the neologisms мессізалежний ( Messidependent) and мессізалежність ( Messidependence) in the football internet discourse of European languages. It is proved that the components ‑ залежний (‑ dependent) and ‑ залежність (‑ dependence) are suffixoids. It was found that the innovations мессізалежний ( Messidependent) and мессізалежність ( Messidependence), which derive from the surname of the Argentinian football player Lionel Messi, were coined on the basis of Spanish at the end of the 2000s. Spanish‑language variants were actively used by the football linguistic community, which led to their calquing in other European languages, including Ukrainian, and their lexicographic fixation in online dictionaries. The history of the formation and development of these neologisms is determined by extralinguistic factors related to Lionel Messi’s football career, first of all, his inspirational play for the Catalan team “Barcelona” and the Argentine national side. The availability of calqued equivalents in more than 20 European languages confirms the internationalization of football language, the tendency towards its monosemantic character, its common mutual understanding and demonstrates the interaction of different lexical systems.
Insights into Autophagic Machinery and Lysosomal Function in Cells Involved in the Psoriatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Cascade
Authors: Kuczyńska Martyna , Moskot Marta , Gabig-Cimińska Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Impaired autophagy, due to the dysfunction of lysosomal organelles, contributes to maladaptive responses by pathways central to the immune system. Deciphering the immune–inflammatory ecosystem is essential, but remains a major challenge in terms of understanding the mechanisms responsible for autoimmune diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates a role that is played by a dysfunctional autophagy–lysosomal pathway (ALP) and an immune niche in psoriasis (Ps), one of the most common chronic skin diseases, characterized by the co-existence of autoimmune and autoinflammatory responses. The dysregulated autophagy associated with the defective lysosomal system is only one aspect of Ps pathogenesis. It probably cannot fully explain the pathomechanism involved in Ps, but it is likely important and should be seriously considered in Ps research. This review provides a recent update on discoveries in the field. Also, it sheds light on how the dysregulation of intracellular pathways, coming from modulated autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking, characteristic of key players of the disease, i.e., skin-resident cells, as well as circulating immune cells, may be responsible for immune impairment and the development of Ps.
The Embodiment of Aesthetic Education Elements in Vocal Singing Theory and Teaching Practice in the Internet Era
Authors: Gong Ruyue
Published: February 2024

The teaching of vocal singing in colleges and universities needs to create a teaching environment that is both interesting and knowledgeable for students, and continuously improve their aesthetic ability and comprehensive quality. Based on the ARCS model, this paper designs the structure of the SPOC teaching platform and establishes the teaching mode of vocal singing flipped classroom based on the original folk songs in the cultural tourism industry as the main source of teaching resources. A multiple linear regression model is chosen to analyze the influencing factors of the teaching quality of vocal singing flipped classrooms, and the least squares estimation of the regression model is used to decompose the singular value. For the vocal singing flipped classroom teaching model established in this paper, a multiple linear regression model was established by choosing teaching content, teaching environment, and teaching method as explanatory variables, and the validity was verified in terms of benchmark regression and teaching practice. The results show that teaching content, teaching environment, and teaching method are all significant at a 1% level on the teaching quality of vocal singing flipped classroom, and the fitting value of the three is 0.7856, and the singing emotion expression scores of the students in the group with serious singing problems before and after the teaching experiment have been improved by 6.11 points as a whole. Enhancing students’ aesthetic abilities and emotional expression can be achieved through teaching vocal singing based on aesthetic elements.
Short-term power load forecasting model based on multi-strategy improved WOA optimized LSTM
Authors: Liang Qian , Wang Wencheng , Wang Yinchao
Published: February 2024

Accurate short-term power load forecasting is essential to balance energy supply and demand, thus minimizing operating costs. However, power load data possesses temporal and nonlinear characteristics, and to mitigate the effects of these factors on the prediction results, we introduce the Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM, Long Short-Term Memory). However, the performance of the LSTM algorithm is highly dependent on the pre-set parameters, and relying on empirically set parameters will make the model have low generalization performance and reduce the prediction effect. In this regard, a prediction model (CWOA-LSTM) combining improved whale optimization algorithm and LSTM is proposed. The whale population is initialized using Circle chaotic sequences; nonlinear time-varying factors, inertial weight balance and Corsi variance are introduced. CWOA optimized the parameters of LSTM, and the experimental results showed that the MAE, MAPE, and RMSE of CWOA-LSTM were reduced by 13.1775 MV, 0.18423%, and 17.415 MV, respectively, compared with LSTM, which verified the accuracy and stability of CWOA-LSTM model.
Application of VR technology in sports training in colleges and universities
Authors: Liu Bo , Tian Delin
Published: February 2024

In this study, a digital human model was constructed using virtual reality (VR) technology to simulate sports training to reduce injuries caused by improper training. A distance likelihood-based probabilistic model was developed to capture and reconstruct sports training movement data by incorporating computer techniques to improve the quality of data capture. In addition, the study created an adaptive graph convolutional neural network to recognize the same movement under different viewpoints. Through experiments in taekwondo double flying kick training, it was demonstrated that the virtual simulation model could significantly improve the training effect, and the experimental group’s performance of high horizontal kick and double flying kick enhanced by 21.73% and 85.21%, respectively. Applying VR technology to sports training can not only avoid injuries but also significantly improve the training effect.
Application of Ni/MgO catalysts in the pyrolysis of bituminous coal
Authors: Zheng Jintao , Wang Likun , Ye Jiapeng , Gao Peng
Published: February 2024

Carbon pyrolysis is one of the essential ways to improve carbon energy utilization and reduce environmental pollution. The main product of carbon pyrolysis process is tar, and improving tar yield can not only increase the resource utilization efficiency, but also reduce the pollution to the environment. Therefore, this paper investigates the application of Ni/MgO catalyst in the pyrolysis process of bituminous coal. The experimental results show that Ni/MgO catalyst can effectively activate small molecule radicals and make them combine with prominent molecule radicals stably to improve the tar yield. Meanwhile, when it is under the pyrolysis gas environment, pyrolysis temperature reaches 570 ℃, gas flow rate is 375 ml/min, and the catalyst is selected to be filled in the upper layer, the activation effect of Ni/MgO catalyst is more prominent, and it can significantly increase the tar yield and the proportion of light oil. Ni/MgO catalyst had the best effect in tar yield increase compared to other catalysts, but the performance was average in fair oil percentage increase. The catalyst could also reduce the number of aliphatics in the tar and increase the proportion of non-aliphatics, improving the tar quality.
Analysis of Enterprise Management and Marketing Strategy Innovation Based on Big Data Era
Authors: Yin You
Published: February 2024

The improvement of the level of informationization and the development of network science and technology have prompted the transformation of marketing methods, and the requirements of the market for the management of enterprise marketing strategy are also improving. This paper integrates the process of enterprise management and enterprise marketing strategy construction, and constructs the model of continuous marketing ability according to the system of enterprise marketing strategy operation ability and marketing strategy construction process, and constructs the model of enterprise management and enterprise constant marketing ability. From the perspective of resources and competition, the enterprise marketing power model and marketing resource allocation model are proposed and analyzed. Combined with the market research data, the user groups of R Vehicles Ltd. are characterized. With the help of LDA method, the theme capture of multi-platform user evaluation text is carried out to establish the product word-of-mouth marketing model. According to the enterprise marketing grid resource demand, BP neural network is constructed to predict the enterprise marketing expenses and evaluate the efficiency of marketing resource allocation. The analysis shows that the company’s marketing staff salary accounts for 0.4909 of the total marketing resources, resulting in a waste of resources, and thus the company should adjust the ratio of marketing resource allocation, focusing on the input to output ratio.
Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Japanese Literature Teaching Reform and the Cultivation of Intercultural Communication Skills
Authors: Zheng Ying , Li Xianrui
Published: February 2024

With the deepening of Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation, the demand for enterprises for Japanese intercultural communication talents is increasing. In this paper, with the assistance of artificial intelligence, we constructed an innovative teaching mode of automatic association of Japanese expressions based on natural language processing technology and semantic analysis model of Japanese Literature, which deepens students’ understanding, memorization, and application of Japanese vocabulary by dispersing and associating the cultural context of Japanese Literature. The semantic similarity calculation parses participles and morphemes in Literature to find the vocabulary that can be substituted for the specified objects and form new example sentences. Finally, through the specific application of the innovative teaching mode by the Japanese language program of University X, the impact of the mode on the cultivation of students’ intercultural communicative competence was explored. The results show that the before-and-after difference in ICC competence in the class taught with the innovative mode is -10.134, while the before-and-after difference in the class prepared with the traditional mode is only -1.012, indicating that the proposed creative reform teaching mode has a pronounced effect on the cultivation of students’ intercultural communicative competence. This study realizes the digital reform of teaching the selected Japanese literature course and provides a reference path for cultivating students’ intercultural communicative competence.
Prospects and Application of Solid-State Fermentation in Animal Feed Production – A Review
Authors: Betchem Garba , Monto Abdul Razak , Lu Feng , Billong Laura Flavorta , Ma Haile
Published: February 2024

Animal feed production has recently received significant attention in the food and livestock sectors due to its high nutritional value and substantial environmental potential. Extensive studies have been conducted to explore the effects of solid fermented feeds on different growth stages of animals but also on the health status of animals, the quality of animal products, and the composition of intestinal micro-flora to replace non-fermented feed production. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date existing trends, recent developments, and prospects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) practices for the production of animal feeds. Studies on enhancing nutritional factors by increasing the crude protein content, enzymes, and antioxidant activity of feed using physical processing methods on agro-industrial waste such as rapeseed meal, cottonseed, wheat bran, soybean meal, and legumes by mainly SSF are reviewed and discussed thoroughly.
A Brief Overview of Federated Learning - A New Perspective on Data Privacy
Authors: Lipovanu Iuliana-Alexandra , Pascal Carlos , Căruntu Constantin-Florin
Published: February 2024

While privacy concerns remain the main challenge starting with the promulgation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), for deep learning applications, Google introduced recently the Federated Learning (FL) technique to offer support for high privacy-sensitive data, which makes FL a hot research topic nowadays. Thus, it is a distributed machine learning technique in which multiple devices (clients) collaboratively train a global model to solve issues where the first concern is data privacy. This work provides a brief study of FL: an overview of this new topic, related works, a comparison with other machine learning techniques, an overview of algorithms that are currently used, and, in the end, some simulation results and new directions of research. The simulations show the distributed behavior of the FL algorithm and the way in which the Federated Averaging method can be applied. Through the performed analysis of the obtained results, it was figured out that approach would be beneficial for several applications in domains like automotive, 5G and others.
The War in Ukraine and Its Impact on Global Agricultural Trade
Authors: Mykhailova Mariia , Yatsenko Olha , Zavadska Yuliia , Afanasieva Oksana , Haas Rainer
Published: February 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine represents an unforeseen and significant market disruption for global trade with wide-ranging effects on global trade, particularly on the economies of the major import countries of Ukrainian agricultural commodities. The general impact and consequences of the war on the global economy are described, and key components of the market disruptions are identified and put into a historical and geographical context. The degree of interconnectedness between the war in Ukraine and world trade and global gross domestic product (GDP) indices is highlighted. Changes in production and export volumes of the main Ukrainian agricultural commodities and their impact on major import countries are described. Actual and future measures to stabilise and soften the volatility of affected agricultural markets are presented.
Influencia del aislamiento sísmico en el diseño sismorresistente de edificios con estructura de muros de concreto reforzado
Authors: Nino-Castano Jorge A. , Chalarca Bryan , Bedoya-Ruiz Daniel
Published: February 2024

En América Latina se ha popularizado el uso de muros de concreto reforzado como sistema estructural para la construcción de edificaciones; sin embargo, este sistema se caracteriza por ser de baja ductilidad por lo cual su desempeño se ha visto comprometido durante diferentes sismos ocurridos en los últimos años. Esta investigación toma tres edificios reales con estructuras de muros en concreto reforzado, localizados en zonas de sismicidad alta y en un suelo tipo D, los cuales se diseñan según la normativa colombiana. Adicionalmente, se crean modelos numéricos no lineales para evaluar el comportamiento sísmico de los edificios ante sismos reales. Este mismo procedimiento es repetido para los tres edificios dotándolos con aisladores sísmicos y comparando su desempeño sísmico con el obtenido de los análisis de los edificios de base fija. Los resultados muestran que se mejora el desempeño de la estructura aislada ante la ocurrencia de los sismos pasando de un nivel de desempeño de protección de la vida a uno de ocupación inmediata, mientras se obtiene una reducción de hasta un 50% del acero de refuerzo y de hasta un 100% del uso de elementos de borde comparado con los edificios diseñados con base fija, conservando las ventajas constructivas y arquitectónicas del sistema de muros.
Integración y coordinación de políticas en tiempos del COVID-19: Un estado del arte
Authors: Parra Ramírez Esther , Bayona-Sarmiento Manuel
Published: February 2024

El presente estado del arte aporta un análisis acerca de la producción investigativa sobre coordinación e integración de políticas, en coyunturas de incertidumbre y ambigüedad, como la vivida por la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19. Se realizó revisión de estudios en Europa y América, especialmente entre 2015 y 2022. Se concluye que la puesta en marcha de la integración y coordinación depende de las diferencias de los sistemas políticos, las características sociales y culturales, las orientaciones partidistas y los estilos de liderazgo; que son más factibles los esquemas de coordinación en gobiernos centrales fuertes y más frecuente la integración en países de mayores autonomías subregionales, el COVID-19 fue una “prueba de fuego”. Latinoamérica denota mayor complejidad por las debilidades institucionales y estructurales que facilitaron la mayor concentración del poder presidencial y la “normalización” en el recorte de libertades, lo mismo que la toma de decisiones a partir de “estados de excepción”.
Expositio antiquae liturgiae gallicanae – świadek liturgii galijskiej.
Authors: Frontczak Bogusława
Published: February 2024

Expositio antiquae liturgiae gallicanae to anonimowe pismo pochodzące prawdopodobnie z VIII wieku, z terenów Galii. Składa się z dwóch odrębnych części zwanych „listami” i każda z nich jest cennym źródłem dla badania liturgii galijskiej przed wprowadzeniem do królestwa Karolingów porządku rzymskiego. Ponadto pismo może wskazywać na kierunki z których może pochodzić liturgia galijskiej, ponieważ anonimowy autor z jednej stron dobrze zna charakterystyczne cechy liturgii hiszpańskiej tego czasu, ale z drugiej – wykorzystywane przez niego alegoryczne interpretacje bazują na interpretacjach autorów ze Wschodu (Germana z Konstantynopola czy Teodora z Mopsuestii). Autorka przede wszystkim chce udostępnić to cenne źródło poznania liturgii polskiemu czytelnikowi w języku polskim, ale też wyjaśnić pewne sporne do dziś kwestie, które mogą pojawić się w czasie lektury tekstu.
Impact of Fluid pH on Spontaneous Imbibition Behavior in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Pratama M. A. , Khan H. J.
Published: February 2024

Reactive transport in porous media exhibits multifaceted interactions that are dependent on the matrix and fluid properties, and which ultimately alter these properties. Two key factors in the reactive interactions during transport in permeable rocks is the rock mineralogy and its petrophysical properties. In this work, we study the impact of reactive transport during spontaneous imbibition on the rock properties in carbonate rocks at two different acidic conditions.

Two sets of three carbonate rock samples with unique mineralogy and varying petrophysical properties are selected. Capillary rise experiment is performed in each sample, first with deionized water and then with a dilute HCl solution (pH 2 and pH 4). Pre- and post-acid petrophysical properties such as porosity, permeability, pore size distribution and contact angle are measured for each sample along with the capillary rise profile. The latter is tracked by applying image analysis on video recording.

The acidic fluid intrusion into the rock samples is significantly affected by the rock mineralogy and therefore shows drastically different behavior in the three carbonate rock types. Calcite dissolution is the main reaction which results in opening of the pore space. This is more prominent in lower-pH acid solution. Higher capillary rise is seen in all samples with lower pH when compared to the neutral fluid and weaker acid, along with higher porosity and mean pore-size increase. Higher imbibition rate is also observed for the stronger acid. Minute variations in the wettability state is noticed: lower pH causes the sample to become more water-wet and the higher pH causes the sample wettability to remain unchanged.

Coupling capillary interactions with fluid reactivity is often neglected in fluid transport phenomena. This study offers new insights into the relative importance of reactivity at the timescale of spontaneous imbibition. This is important in understanding reactive fluid transport during acid stimulation operation and geo-sequestration.
Origins and Control Factors of Varying Oil Properties in the Lower Cretaceous Zubair Formation, Central Iraq
Authors: Li Yuyuan , Mi Zhongrong , Saeed Ahsan Mohammed , Qu Jianhua , Zhang Bo , Xie En , Zhang Zhenghong , Zhang Ke , Jaed Mustafa A. , Xiao Yong , Li Yang , Hu Guang
Published: February 2024

This research targets an in-depth understanding of the considerable disparities in petroleum properties of the oil produced from the Lower Cretaceous Zubair Formation in Central Iraq, an aspect currently lacking systematic knowledge. Utilizing newly obtained samples from various oil-bearing reservoir locations within the Zubair Formation core, we embarked on comprehensive component analysis and applied GC-MS testing for saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. By identifying the characteristics of petroleum biomarkers, comparing the features of potential regional hydrocarbon source rocks (including hydrocarbon generation potential and biomarker composition), and considering the differences in saturated hydrocarbon content, we determined the origins of different oil properties and the controlling factors of these variations. Substantial disparities exist in the petroleum properties of oil from the Zubair Formation reservoir, with saturated hydrocarbon content ranging between 4.8% and 85%. Even within closely situated reservoirs, significant differences are observable. Distinct variances are present in the composition of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers in oils with differing properties. Oils with lower saturated hydrocarbon content evidently originate from carbonate-rich source rocks, predominantly marine algae organic matter, with an older sedimentary age and lower maturity. In contrast, oils with higher saturated hydrocarbon content largely derive from marine mudstone source rocks, with a more significant contribution from terrestrial plants, a more recent sedimentary age, and higher maturity. Our geochemical analysis of potential regional hydrocarbon source rocks suggests that oils with lower saturated hydrocarbon content (lower API) are products of the Jurassic Chia Gara and Sargelu formations at the immature stage of Type II kerogen. Oils with higher saturated hydrocarbon content (higher API) result from hydrocarbon mixing at the mature stage of the Zubair Formation source rock. Previous research predominantly attributes the oil from the Cretaceous reservoir to the Chia Gara and Sargelu formations. Our study contends that the contribution from the Zubair Formation source rock to the Lower Cretaceous reservoir oil is noteworthy and significantly influences the petroleum properties, particularly API gravity. This finding enriches the existing understanding within the petroleum industry.
Tortuosity Assurance for Safe Well Delivery Via High-Definition Dynamic Surveys
Authors: Oliveira Victor , Al Dossary Abdullah M. , Elsadig M. A. , Osman A. M.
Published: February 2024

The completion operation is the most important step in the well construction life cycle after drilling is completed. The success of completion operations highly depends on how the well is drilled. Having a high tortuosity well can have a significant impact on casing and completion string running to the bottom of the hole. Thus, understanding the well path tortuosity precisely is critical and one of the main objectives during a drilling operation.

Dynamic definitive surveys offer precise micro-dogleg severity (DLS) mapping and enable drilling engineers to identify potential issues such as high doglegs or key seats, which can lead to equipment failure or wellbore collapse. This allows for real-time corrective action, resulting in improved drilling performance. Additionally, better recognition of the well path trajectory through dynamic surveys helps with geosteering for maximum reservoir exposure. Dynamic surveys provide improved torque and drag modeling, aiding in predicting drilling behavior and identifying abnormal behavior for timely corrective actions during drilling operations.

Dynamic definitive surveys have become an essential component in the drilling process. This paper will present a comparison between dynamic surveys and static surveys during drilling operations. The analysis demonstrates significant benefits in micro-DLS mapping, well-path trajectory recognition, and torque and drags modeling. The dynamic definitive surveys were able to recognize micro-DLS leading to a ~15% increase in well path accuracy per stand, and also providing better TVD accuracy of ~1 ft-TVD for every 2,000 ft drilled. This is crucial for identifying formation tops and landing/geosteering the well for maximum reservoir exposure.

In conclusion, dynamic definitive surveys offer numerous advantages for drilling operations by improving overall drilling efficiency, reducing the risk of stuck piping, optimizing drilling performance, and, most importantly, ensuring the completion string reaches safely to the bottom. These surveys enable engineers to have a better understanding of the drilled well path tortuosity, resulting in cost savings and improved well delivery.
Rock Compaction Dynamic Modeling for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Abdelrahman Moemen , Belaifa Elhadi , Almubarak Abdullah , Adebamiro Adedayo
Published: February 2024

The quantification of rock mechanics impact represents critical factor for unconventional resources (UR) evaluation and how it contributes into the total UR well's production. This quantification is a vital factor to various reservoir engineering analyses such as history matching, production forecasting, reservoir modeling and reconciling with estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of fields. To address the rock mechanics impact, a simulation workflow was designed to capture the dynamic change of pore volume and permeability as a function of pore pressure depletion while producing from the basin. The workflow was performed as a pioneer study to integrate advanced core lab experiments that measures different rock compaction scenarios into a dynamic simulation workflow using full physics reservoir simulator. This work used a conceptual dynamic sector model instead of using actual field data. It represents unconventional horizontal wells completed using multi-stage hydraulic fractured stimulation technique. The conceptual model is used to run sensitivity assessment to evaluate different compaction trends. This assessment capitalized on advanced core lab experiments that measure different rock compaction scenarios for unconventional core plugs; i.e., the change the stress dependent parameters (porosity "β" and permeability "α") as function of the pore pressure depletion. As results, this tailored process of integrating lab measurements with dynamic simulation enables the evaluation rock compaction and its impact on wells’ EUR. In general, based on the simulation results, the change of the stress dependent parameters shows different well's EURge. While depleting the reservoir, having higher stress dependent porosity "β" parameter will add more energy into the system and will have a slight increase the EURge. On the other hand, having higher stress dependent permeability "α" parameter, will cause more permeability degradation with pressure depletion and this will reduce the well's EURge significantly.
XRF Loose Powder Method Enables High Quality Near-Real-Time Analyses - Comparison to Pressed Pellet Method
Authors: Fischer L. A. , Scola M. , Erdmann S. , Says I. P.
Published: February 2024

X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a common technique to obtain the elemental composition of geological samples and is frequently applied in drill cutting analysis used for e.g., chemostratigraphy, geosteering and drilling optimization. This often requires application at the rig site and delivery of high quality, near-real time data. The overall time from sample catching to data delivery can be reduced or extended depending on the sample preparation procedure. Traditionally, the samples are powdered and prepared as pressed pellets. However, this procedure is time-consuming and requires interim steps for mixing with a binder and compressing which are potential error sources.

In this study we evaluate the effect of the loose powder method for XRF on the data quality in comparison to the conventional, but timeconsuming, pressed pellet method. Nine certified reference materials were prepared as pressed pellets and loose powder and measured with a benchtop energy dispersive XRF analyzer. Obtained intensities for 36 geo-relevant elements between Na and U are presented as intensity ratios (intensity of elementx measured in pressed pellet sample divided by intensity of elementx measured in loose powder sample) to compare both methods. Elements showing intensity ratios close to 1 can be regarded as equal quality.

Data show that elevated intensity ratios as a result of sample preparation method can only be observed for Na and Mg and intermediate values for Al, which is explained by higher absorption of loose powder samples by the foil barrier of the sample cup and the lower and variable packing densities. Analytical and experimental precision, as well as the limits of quantification show a similar trend with elevated values for Na and Mg. However, the discrepancies are marginal and do not justify the higher preparational effort nor the introduced uncertainties from additional preparation steps associated with the pressed pellet method. This study shows clearly that the loose powder method delivers high-quality elemental data and is a key to deliver near-real time XRF data for rig site applications.
Formation Evaluation of Condensate Reservoir Using New-Generation NMR T1-T2 Logging and T2-D Mapping: Case Study in the Permian in China
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Yanning , Yu Jinfeng , Luo Gang , Wang Xiaoqiang , Cai Liang , Wang Wei , Wang Yue , Xian Xiu Ming , Zhao Xianran , Wu Jin Long
Published: February 2024

China is accelerating the exploration and development of tight sandstone and shale reservoirs of the Permian Fengcheng Formation targeting condensates. The formation evaluation is challenged because of the complex mineralogy, low porosity, and unknown formation water salinity. In addition, the operator requires a technique for fluid typing of the condensate reservoir at subsurface conditions for the optimization of the development strategy. This paper introduces a new method combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1-T2 and T2-D mapping for formation evaluation and subsurface fluid typing of the condensate reservoir. The NMR relaxation-diffusion (T2-D) mapping successfully addresses the problem of fluid typing, by differentiating gas from oil. The measurements of continuous two-dimensional NMR T1-T2 enable the quantitative estimation of the bound and movable fluid volumes in the pores. The integration of wireline NMR, induced gamma spectroscopy, and the borehole image logs provides insight of the potential of the condensate reservoir in the Permian Fengcheng Formation. In case studies from tight sandstone and shale reservoirs in the Junggar basin, NMR T2-D mappings prove the pore fluid is dominated by gas (at reservoir conditions) in the condensate tight sandstone reservoir, for the first time confirmed by wireline logging. However, the reservoir will produce both gas and oil because of the drop in temperature and pressure. A robust methodology derived from the concept of blind source separation for extracting signals from two-dimensional NMR T1-T2 measurements is proposed. Clay-bound water volume and porosity derived from cluster volumetric analysis of NMR T1-T2 match well with those from spectroscopy and core experiment results. The movable hydrocarbon saturation proves to be effective and robust in sweet zone identification. This paper discusses an integration of NMR T1-T2 logging and T2-D mapping methods from a new-generation wireline NMR tool in the unconventional reservoir. It helps to understand the potential of the reservoirs. The subsurface fluid type is extremely meaningful for the decision of the development strategy. The condensate sweet zones identified by the new method have encouraging gas and oil productions.
Delivering Challenging Wells with Reduced NPT Using Real-Time Geomechanics: A Middle Eastern Perspective
Authors: Baghdadi Ahmed Ashraf , Vossen Johannes , Sen Souvik , Chakrabarti Prajit , Podder Tuhin , Mitra Sourav , Alabdulmuhsin Eman
Published: February 2024

Subsurface geomechanical assessment has critical implications for optimum drilling and completion design and successful well delivery to efficiently mitigate drilling challenges as well as avoid non-productive time. The present study focuses on the carbonate-dominated prolific hydrocarbon field of the Arabian Peninsula which exhibits significant wellbore instability challenges owing to high in-situ stress, and partial to total mud losses in naturally fractured and vuggy carbonates. Commonly faced challenges include differential sticking, drill string vibration, poor LWD (logging while drilling) log quality and subsequent wellbore instability. Being in a strike-slip tectonic regime, drilling long multi-laterals towards the minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) is associated with increased hole instability challenges, hard reaming, and mechanical sticking, which is leading to BHA (bottom-hole assembly)/ tools lost in hole and accidental side-tracks. Those contribute to significant NPT (non-productive time) and compromised drilling performance. This study discusses the benefit of integrating geomechanical modeling and real-time monitoring into the drilling operations: those helped to overcome the aforementioned challenges and reduce NPT by enhancing drilling performance.

Comprehensive geomechanical modeling and wellbore stability analyses are carried out to study the impact of in-situ stresses, and pore pressure on the stability of the rock/ wellbore wall. Along with the safe mud weight window recommendation and supporting customized drilling fluid and bit design, the study also identified potential sub-surface and drilling risks, which were quantified to optimize the drilling practices and mitigation plans. The predrill models were updated in real-time to fine-tune the predictions on each well and to better constrain the regional geomechanical understanding. During real-time GeoMechanics monitoring we are using LWD logs and drilling parameters to aid in inferring early indicators about the wellbore condition, mud invasion into the formation and other drilling challenges; the real-time GeoMechanics group facilitated timely advisory and effective communication with the rig and relevant parties. Implemented recommendations based on the symptoms of wellbore failure (i.e., early, time dependent failure) exhibited measurable- and significant improvements in drilling performance, penetration rate, overall wellbore quality towards achieving well objectives with minimized NPT. Furthermore, by establishing new communication protocols and adhering to them, a proactive response culture has been developed in order to make informed and collective decisions timely and effective.