bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine as a potential therapeutic agent against nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yeh Chien‐Fu , Lee Wen‐Ya , Yu Ting‐Han , Hsu Yen‐Bin , Lan Ming‐Chin , Lan Ming‐Ying
Published: November 2022

Background

Trifluoperazine (TFP) is a typical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether TFP can be used as a therapeutic agent against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and identify its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

We used NPC‐TW01, TW03, TW04, and BM to assess the anticancer effects of TFP by using cytotoxicity, wound healing, colony formation, and cell invasion assays. An in vivo animal study was conducted. RNA sequencing combined with Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was performed to identify the mechanism by which TFP influences NPC cells.

Results

Our data revealed that TFP decreased NPC cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. The invasion and migration of NPC tumor cells were inhibited by TFP. An in vivo study also demonstrated the anticancer effects of TFP. RNA sequencing revealed several anticancer molecular mechanisms following TFP administration.

Conclusions

The antipsychotic drug TFP could be a potential therapeutic regimen for NPC treatment.
Photodynamic therapy with acai (Euterpe oleracea) and blue light in oral cells: A spectroscopic and cytotoxicity analysis
Authors: Silva Junior Zenildo Santos , dos Santos Lucas Andreo Dias , Gonçalves Marcela Leticia Leal , Gallo Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti , da Silva Tamiris , Motta Lara Jansiski , Santos Elaine Marcílio , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Bussadori Sandra Kalil
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with blue light‐emitting diode (LED) 460 nm at 25, 50 and 100 J/cm2 using three concentrations of acai extracts (100, 40, and 10 mg/ml), in the proliferation and viability of head and neck tumor lines (SCC9).

Methods

Three groups of cells were analyzed for 3 days in an in vitro assay with MTT (3‐ (4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl) ‐2,5, ‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and crystal violet: cells in the absence of acai extract and PDT (control group); cells in the presence of acai extract and no light; and cells in the presence of acai extract and LED blue light (PDT groups).

Results

When using acai as a PS combined with blue LED (460 nm, 0.7466 cm2, 1000 mW/cm2) and irradiation at 25, 50, and 100 J/cm2, after 72 h, cell viability (p < 0.0001 vs. control, p = 0.0027 vs. 100 mg/ml açai group, p = 0.0039 vs. 40 mg/ml açai group, p = 0.0135 vs. 10 mg/ml açai group; One‐Way ANOVA/Tukey) and proliferation (p < 0.05, One‐Way ANOVA/Tukey) decreased.

Conclusion

The acai in question is a potential photosensitizer (PS), with blue light absorbance and efficacy against head and neck tumor lines (SCC9).
Morphofunctional reaction of leukocytes and platelets in in vitro contact with a‐C:H:SiOx‐coated Ti–6Al–4V substrate
Authors: Grenadyorov Alexander S. , Solovyev Andrey A. , Oskomov Konstantin V. , Semenov Vjacheslav A. , Zhulkov Maksim O. , Sirota Dmitriy A. , Chernyavskiy Alexander M. , Karmadonova Nataly A. , Malashchenko Vladimir V. , Litvinova Larisa S. , Khaziakhmatova Olga G. , Gazatova Natalia D. , Khlusov Igor A.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition of 0.3–1.4 μm thick a‐C:H:SiOx films in a mixture of argon and polyphenylmethylsiloxane vapor onto the Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrate, which is often used as an implant material. The a‐C:H:SiOx film structure is studied by the Fourier‐transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The pull‐off adhesion test assesses the adhesive strength of a‐C:H:SiOx films, and the ball‐on‐disk method is employed to measure their wear rate and friction coefficient. According to these studies, a‐C:H:SiOx films are highly adhesive to the Ti–6Al–4V substrate, have low (0.056) friction coefficient and wear rate (9.8 × 10−8 mm3 N−1 m−1) in phosphate‐buffered saline at 40°C. In vitro studies show neither thrombogenicity nor cytotoxicity of the a‐C:H:SiOx film for the human blood mononuclear cells (hBMNCs). The in vitro contact between the hBMNC culture and a‐C:H:SiOx films 0.8–1.4 μm thick deposited onto Ti–6Al–4V substrates reduces a 24‐hour secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL‐8, IL‐17, TNFα, RANTES, and MCP‐1. This reduction is more significant when the film thickness is 1.4 μm and implies its potential anti‐inflammatory effect and possible application in cardiovascular surgery. The dependence is suggested for the concentration of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the a‐C:H:SiOx film thickness, which correlates with the surface wettability and electrostatic potential. The article discusses the possible applications of the anti‐inflammatory effect and low thrombogenicity of a‐C:H:SiOx films in cardiovascular surgery.
The making of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Dai Piaopiao , Hu Dakang
Published: November 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a notorious bacterium in clinical practice. Virulence, carbapenem‐resistance and their convergence among K. pneumoniae are extensively discussed in this article. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HvKP) has spread from the Asian Pacific Rim to the world, inducing various invasive infections, such as pyogenic liver abscess, endophthalmitis, and meningitis. Furthermore, HvKP has acquired more and more drug resistance. Among multidrug‐resistant HvKP, hypervirulent carbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae (Hv‐CRKP), and carbapenem‐resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR‐HvKP) are both devastating for their extreme drug resistance and virulence. The hypervirulence of HvKP is primarily attributed to hypercapsule, macromolecular exopolysaccharides, or excessive siderophores, although it has many other factors, for example, lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and porins. In contrast with classical determination of HvKP, that is, animal lethality test, molecular determination could be an optional and practical method after improvement. HvKP, including Hv‐CRKP and CR‐HvKP, has been progressing. R‐M and CRISPR‐Cas systems may play pivotal roles in such evolutions. Hv‐CRKP and CR‐HvKP, in particular the former, should be of severe concern due to their being more and more prevalent.
Community experiences in the strategic human resource management black box
Authors: Jonsen Richard Harvey , Boyd Neil M. , Oikelome Franklin , Trimble Douglas
Published: November 2022

Recent research suggests experiencing community at work (i.e., perceiving a sense of community [SOC] and a sense of community responsibility [SOC‐R]) is important for employee and organizational outcomes, however, we know very little about how these constructs operate in human resource management contexts. This study peers into the strategic human resource management “black box,” which is an organizational setting where psychological and social variables are believed to influence employee perceptions in ways that impact their individual functioning, and subsequently improve organizational outcomes. Specifically, the study tests hypotheses regarding the relationship between high‐involvement work climate (i.e., a human resource context), psychological need satisfaction, SOC, SOC‐R, organizational identification, and organizational citizenship behaviors, in an attempt to theoretically ground, and empirically test, if experiences of community matter in the human resource management “black box.” Data from 312 employees across multiple organizations were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, and the findings reveal that experiences of community likely play an important role in the strategic human resource black box. The findings highlight that human resource practitioners, and scholars at the intersection of community psychology and human resource management, should consider further evaluation and action around experiences of community at work. Such a focus may help to create and build more socially sustainable organizational contexts for employees where they can thrive while organizations attempt to achieve collective goals.
Factors associated with poor academic performance among undergraduate dental students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , Pontes Ana Flávia Leite , Casarin Maísa , Feijo Juliana dos Santos , Pola Natália Marcumini , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the factors associated with poor academic performance among undergraduate dental students enrolled at a public university in Brazil.

Methods

A semi‐structured questionnaire addressing the exploratory variables of interest (sociodemographic and economic characteristics, use of medications and drugs, dentistry as the first choice of undergraduate course, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) was hosted on Google Forms and shared with all dental students at the Federal University of Pelotas. Academic performance was evaluated based on institutional records, access to which the participants had previously authorized; students with good (average ≥7.0 points) or poor academic performance (average <7.0 points) were considered. Adjusted logistic regressions were performed to verify the association between academic performance and the exploratory variables (p < 0.05).

Results

In total, 244 students were included, of whom 18.8% had poor academic performance. Increased age (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.18–1.52), non‐white skin color (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.18–1.52), the use of medications for anxiety and depression (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.18–1.52), and poor sleep quality (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.18–1.52) were factors associated with poor academic performance.

Conclusion

A low prevalence of poor academic performance was observed. Non‐white skin color, increased age, use of anxiolytics or antidepressants, and poor or disturbed sleep may reduce dental students’ academic performance.
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor gene variants are related to the risk of breast cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Chen Jiaping , Zhou Jing , Jiang Yue , Wang Yuzhuo , Chen Congcong , Jiang Tao , Du Jiangbo
Published: November 2022

Background

Mammalian inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (ITPR) genes encode ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels that have recently been shown to be closely linked to the pathogenesis of several cancers. However, few studies to date have explored associations between ITPR gene family single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer risk.

Methods

In the present case–control study, 12 SNPs in the potential functional regions of the ITPR1, ITPR2, and ITPR3 genes were genotyped using an Illumina Infinium® Beadchip in 2095 Chinese women (1032 cases and 1063 controls).

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that a missense SNP in the ITPR3 coding region (rs2229642) was significantly related to breast cancer risk when using an additive model in this study (rs2229642‐adjusted odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.74, p = 2.97 × 10−3). Expression quantitative trait loci analyses indicated that the SNP rs2229642 was associated with reduced ITPR3 expression levels (p = 3.2 × 10−7) and with marked reductions in the expressions of several proximal genes, including BAK1, GRM4, HLA‐DOB, and UQCC2 (p = 0.013, 0.018, 3.4 × 10−3, 3.8 × 10−5), suggesting that it may further regulate other genes associated with oncogenic susceptibility. Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated that the patients with higher ITPR3 expression exhibited significantly poorer outcomes compared to the patients with lower expression of this gene (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1–1.23, p = 0.046).

Conclusions

The results indicated that genetic variant in the coding region of ITPR3 gene may regulate the expressions of its host and some other cancer‐related genes, as well as act as potential predictive biomarker for susceptibility to breast cancer in the Chinese population.
Pre‐emptive hydration with lactated Ringer's solution could reduce the incidence of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in at‐risk patients: Propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Kurita Yusuke , Suzuki Ko , Yagi Shin , Hasegawa Sho , Sato Takamitsu , Hosono Kunihiro , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Endo Itaru , Kubota Kensuke , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: November 2022

Background/Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of intensive fluid‐loading therapy post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in at‐risk patients.

Methods

In this retrospective study, data of 1200 patients at risk for PEP were investigated. After propensity score matching, 404 patients were included in the normal (n = 202) and hydration (n = 202) groups. On the day of ERCP, patients in both groups were infused with 2000 ml/24 h of fluid before ERCP. Meanwhile, the hydration group received an additional 1000 ml/10 h of lactated Ringer's solution postoperatively.

Results

The incidence of PEP was lower in the hydration group (12.4%) than in the normal group (24.3%) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26–0.75, p = .003). The incidence of severe PEP was 2.0% and 6.9% in the hydration and normal groups (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09–0.84, p = .027), respectively. The incidence of fatal PEP was 0% and 2.0% in the hydration and normal groups (OR: N.A.: p = .123), respectively.

Conclusions

Post‐ERCP hydration may be an effective method of preventing PEP, including severe PEP, in at‐risk patients.
Bias in the background? The role of background information in asynchronous video interviews
Authors: Roulin Nicolas , Lukacik Eden‐Raye , Bourdage Joshua S. , Clow Lindsey , Bakour Hayam , Diaz Pedro
Published: November 2022

Asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) have become popular tools for applicant selection. Although AVIs are standardized, extant research remains silent on whether this novel interview format could introduce new forms of bias. Because many applicants complete AVIs from their homes, their video background could provide evaluators with information about stigmatizing features that (a) are usually “invisible” in traditional selection contexts but become observable in AVIs, (b) are not always legally protected, and (c) can impact evaluators' judgments. Across three experimental studies, we examined how cues indicating parental status (Study 1), sexual orientation (Study 2), and political affiliation (Study 3) can impact perceptions of applicant warmth and competence and ratings of interview performance and potential work performance. The effect of background information varied by stigmatized feature. Applicants depicted as parents were perceived to be higher on warmth and received higher interview performance ratings but were not evaluated more negatively on competence or potential work performance. There was no effect of sexual orientation on any outcome variables. However, applicants who supported the same political party as the evaluator were viewed as warmer and received higher ratings of interview performance and potential work performance. Thus, organizations should encourage applicants to use neutral backgrounds.
Correlation between microbial communities and key odourants in fermented capsicum inoculated with Pediococcus pentosaceus and Cyberlindnera rhodanensis
Authors: Shi Qiao , Tang Xin , Liu Bi‐Qin , Liu Wei‐Hong , Li Hong , Luo Yi‐Yong
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Fermented capsicum (i.e. pickled pepper) is one of the most popular fermented vegetables. However, the effect of inoculated microbial fermentation on pickled pepper is not yet fully understood.

RESULTS

Cyberlindnera rhodanensis J52 with a rich ester flavour and Pediococcus pentosaceus AL with a strong inhibitory effect on foodborne pathogenic bacteria were selected to prepare single‐ and double‐strain fermented capsicum under low salt (< 10 g L−1 sodium chloride) conditions. The inhibition zone of P. pentosaceus AL against Escherichia coli was up to 44 mm in diameter. Biochemical indicator analyses found that co‐fermentation of P. pentosaceus AL and C. rhodanensis J52 changed the contents of vitamin C and short‐chain fatty acids. Analysis of microbial diversity and volatile metabolome showed that 125 microbial species and 72 volatile compounds were detected, and P. pentosaceus was the dominant bacterium that inhibited the growth of other bacteria, while C. rhodanensis was the fungus that contributed the most to flavour. Correlation analysis between microorganisms and flavour compounds showed 725 correlations, and 124 microbial species may have participated in the formation of 69 compounds. Furthermore, 10 and 29 correlations were detected between P. pentosaceus AL or C. rhodanensis J52 and flavour compounds, respectively. Among them, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol acetate is speculated to be the main substance affecting the flavour of fermented capsicum by inoculation with C. rhodanensis J52.

CONCLUSION

The inoculation of P. pentosaceus and C. rhodanensis had a significant impact on the microbial community and volatile compounds of fermented capsicum and helped to improve its organoleptic qualities. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Determination of 35 sulfonamides in pork by magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer‐based dispersive solid‐phase extraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography photodiode array method
Authors: Wang Su Han , Wang Jian Ping , Wu Ning Peng
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Sulfonamide residues in foods of animal origin are potential risks to consumer health, so it is very important to inspect them. Among the previously reported instrumental methods, the best method can only be used to determine at most 22 sulfonamides. Thus, an instrumental method capable of determining more sulfonamide species is desirable.

RESULTS

In this study, sulfadoxine was used as a template to synthesize a type of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer that could recognize 35 sulfonamides. After characterization, this composite was used to develop a dispersive solid‐phase extraction method for extraction and purification of the 35 sulfonamides in pork, followed by determination using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography photodiode array method. This composite exhibited high adsorption capacity (11.01–19.21 μg mg−1) and high recovery (>89.01%), and could be reused at least ten times. Due to the enrichment effect during sample preparation (enrichment factor 22–66), the limits of detection for determination of the 35 drugs in pork were in the range of 0.08–0.53 ng g−1. The detection results for some real pork samples were consistent with a liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method. After comparison, the present method showed generally better performances than the previously reported sample preparation methods and instrumental methods for detection of sulfonamides.

CONCLUSION

The method developed in the present study could be used as a practical tool for routine detection of sulfonamide residues in pork samples. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides attenuates colitis via reshaping gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acid production
Authors: Lv Hao , Jia Hongpeng , Cai Wenjie , Cao Rujing , Xue Chenyu , Dong Na
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Ulcerative colitis is a gastrointestinal disease closely related to intestinal epithelial barrier damage and intestinal microbiome imbalance; however, effective treatment methods are currently limited. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) is an important active ingredient with a wide range of pharmacological activities, although its protective effect on colitis remains to be explored. In the present study, we verified the in vitro anti‐inflammatory effect of RGP, and observed the ameliorating effect of RGP on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in mice.

RESULTS

The results showed that (i) RGP attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced overexpression of inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells; (ii) RGP improves the pathological damage caused by DSS, including weight loss, increased disease activity index and intestinal tissue ulcers; (iii) RGP improves tight junction proteins to protects the tightness of the intestinal epithelium; (iv) RGP inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors through the nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway, and improved the of intestinal tissues inflammation; and (v) RGP can maintain the species diversity of intestinal microbes, increase the content of short‐chain fatty acids and then restore the imbalance of intestinal microecology.

CONCLUSION

RGP can improve the intestinal microbiota to strengthen the intestinal epithelial barrier and protect against DSS‐induced colitis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
A total neoadjuvant chemotherapy approach is associated with improved recurrence‐free survival in patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases undergoing cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC
Authors: Hanna David N. , Macfie Rebekah , Ghani Muhammad O. , Hermina Andrew , Mina Alexander , Cha Da Eun , Bailey Christina E. , Cohen Noah , Labow Daniel , Golas Benjamin , Sarpel Umut , Magge Deepa , Idrees Kamran
Published: November 2022

Background

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of two popular systemic chemotherapy approaches in patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS‐HIPEC).

Methods

We performed a dual‐center retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent CRS‐HIPEC for CPM due to high or intermediate‐grade colorectal cancer. Patients in the total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) group received 6 months of preoperative chemotherapy. Patients in the “sandwich” (SAND) chemotherapy group received 3 months of preoperative chemotherapy with a maximum of 3 months of postoperative chemotherapy.

Results

A total of 34 (43%) patients were included in the TNT group and 45 (57%) patients in the SAND group. The median overall survival (OS) in the TNT and SAND groups were 77 and 61 months, respectively (p = 0.8). Patients in the TNT group had significantly longer recurrence‐free survival (RFS) than the SAND group (29 vs. 12 months, p = 0.02). In a multivariable analysis, the TNT approach was independently associated with improved RFS.

Conclusion

In this retrospective study, a TNT approach was associated with improved RFS, but not OS when compared with a SAND approach. Further prospective studies are needed to examine these systemic chemotherapeutic approaches in patients with CPM undergoing CRS‐HIPEC.
Analysis on dynamical behavior of a stochastic phytoplankton‐zooplankton model with nonlinear perturbation
Authors: Mu Xiaojie , Jiang Daqing , Hayat Tasawar
Published: November 2022

Although the long‐term dynamics of the prey‐predator model has analyzed in the passing decades, the threshold of extinction and persistence has not been well unified, especially the higher order perturbation affects the phytoplankton‐zooplankton dynamics. Here, we formulate a stochastic phytoplankton‐zooplankton model with nonlinear perturbation. A uniform expression of threshold value of extinction and ergodicity for this model is derived. In addition, the sufficient conditions of strong and weak persistence in the mean of phytoplankton and zooplankton are given. Our results indicate that white noise influences the dynamics of both phytoplankton and zooplankton species, which further affects the stability of phytoplankton‐zooplankton models. Some numerical examples are provided to support our theoretical results, and their explanations from the perspective of ecology are presented in this paper.
Tubs, tanks, and towers: Donor strategies for donor‐advised funds giving
Authors: Heist H. Daniel , Cummings Benjamin F. , Farwell Megan M. , Cnaan Ram , Andrews Erinn
Published: November 2022

The increasing use of donor‐advised funds (DAFs) creates challenges for nonprofit managers and fundamentally changes the way that many donors give to charity. We conducted 48 in‐depth interviews with DAF donors to understand their strategies of how they give through a DAF. From the interviews, we found three distinct models of DAF giving strategies: tubs, tanks, and towers. Tub donors give quickly through a DAF, moving money in and out annually. Tank donors contribute large lump sums and grant the money away in the relatively near future. Tower donors take a calculated approach with the DAF to sustain their philanthropic activity over time. Several factors relate to these strategies, including the sources and timing of contributions, different purposes of grantmaking, tax implications, investment strategies, and family involvement. Our findings may help nonprofit managers, fundraisers, and other stakeholders to better understand the various ways donors give through DAFs.
Ocular survival after intra‐arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma improves with accrual of experience and programmatic evolution
Authors: Marasligiller Stefan A. , Williams Basil K. , Vadivelu Sudhakar , Correa Zelia M. , Abruzzo Todd A. , Nicola Maura Di , Lane Adam , Geller James I.
Published: November 2022

Background

Intra‐arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for the treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma has gained recognition as a method to improve ocular salvage; however, there is a paucity of evidence supporting treatment factors prognosticating ocular survival.

Methods

All patients with retinoblastoma treated with IAC at a single institution between December 2008 and December 2019 were evaluated. Patient demographics, tumor classification, prior treatments, procedural data, other non‐IAC therapies, adverse reactions, procedural complications, ocular outcomes, and overall survival were assessed via retrospective chart review. Factors suggestive of increased ocular survival were identified via univariate and multivariate analyses. The impact of accrued treatment experience was evaluated by grouping eyes by the respective year, IAC treatment was initiated.

Results

Forty‐nine eyes of 43 patients were treated for retinoblastoma with IAC (256 total procedures). At least grade 3 neutropenia was observed following 19% of IAC procedures. The risk of neutropenia was not statistically different between single or multidrug IAC. Comparing those who received balloon‐assisted intra‐arterial chemotherapy (bIAC) in more than two‐thirds of cycles to those who did not, the risk of arterial access site complications was not statistically different. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly lower risk of enucleation associated with treatment era in years (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.52–1.00, p < .05) and laser therapies (HR = 0.02–0.60, p < .05).

Conclusions

Ocular survival rates in patients treated with IAC for retinoblastoma at our institution have increased over time. Accrued treatment experience and programmatic changes have likely contributed. Larger, prospective series may lead to a better understanding of factors that consistently contribute to better ocular salvage.
Comparison of catheter‐related bloodstream infection rates in pediatric patients receiving parenteral nutrition with soybean oil‐based intravenous fat emulsion versus a mixed oil fat emulsion
Authors: Alvira‐Arill Gustavo R. , Herrera Oscar R. , Tsang Chi Chun Steve , Wang Junling , Peters Brian M. , Stultz Jeremy S.
Published: November 2022

Study Objective

To compare rates of catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CR‐BSI) in pediatric patients who received parenteral nutrition (PN) with either soybean oil‐based intravenous fat emulsion (SO‐IFE) or mixed oil‐IFE (MO‐IFE). We hypothesized that the use of MO‐IFE would be independently associated with reduced infection rates compared with SO‐IFE.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary referral children's hospital and its associated gastrointestinal rehabilitation clinic (01 January, 2015–31 July, 2019).

Patients

Days of IFE exposure were counted for patients aged <18 years on IFE initiated during the review period, who had a central venous catheter (CVC) placed for PN administration, received IFE at least three times weekly, and for at least 7 days.

Measurements

The primary outcome included total and categorical CR‐BSI rates expressed as the average with standard error (SE) number of infections per 1000 fat emulsion days. The following categories were specified: Candida albicans, non‐albicans Candida spp., coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), Enterobacterales, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus, and Pseudomonadales. Average infection rate comparisons were quantified as incidence rate ratios (IRR) using generalized linear mixed modeling with a Poisson distribution.

Main Results

Seven hundred and forty‐three SO‐IFE and 450 MO‐IFE exposures were reviewed from 1131 patients, totaling 37,599 and 19,796 days of therapy, respectively. From those found significantly different, the average rate of infections with CoNS was 3.58 (SE 0.5)/1000 days of SO‐IFE and 1.39 (SE 0.45)/1000 days of MO‐IFE (IRR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.27 [0.16–0.46]; p < 0.01). Total average rates of infection were 7.33 (SE 0.76)/1000 days of SO‐IFE and 4.52 (SE 0.75)/1000 days of MO‐IFE (IRR [95% CI]: 0.60 [0.44–0.81]; p < 0.01). Other factors associated with higher infection rates include female gender, neonatal age, and inpatient‐only IFE exposure.

Conclusions

Receipt of MO‐IFE was associated with lower rates of CoNS and total CR‐BSIs compared with SO‐IFE in pediatric patients. These findings could have major implications on IFE selection for pediatric patients receiving PN.
Ineffectiveness of applying additional insecticide sprays at the border of the citrus block for the control of Huanglongbing
Authors: Vescove Primiano Isabela , Parra Asato Fabiano , Beozzo Bassanezi Renato
Published: November 2022

Background

Huanglongbing (HLB), mainly associated with the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, is a devastating disease that causes negative impacts on citrus yield and fruit quality. One of the main HLB control measures is based on preventive insecticide sprays, aiming to control its vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. In blocks on the orchard's periphery, the ACP population is more concentrated in trees closer to the block's edge and gradually decreasing towards its interior. This spread pattern of ACP has motivated growers to perform, empirically based, additional insecticide applications at the border of the block (‘AB’), as an additional measure to spraying insecticides in the entire block (‘EB’). Hence, this work aimed (i) to evaluate the coverage and efficiency of AB, comparing tree canopy volume, and planting direction; and (ii) to compare ACP population and HLB incidence between blocks treated under EB, and blocks that received ‘EB + AB’.

Results

Regardless of the operational situation, as the distance increased from the orchard's edge (0 m) to the interior, spray coverage exponentially decayed from an average of 21% to less than 1% of coverage, and ACP mortality exponentially decayed from 83% to 7%. In general, the spray coverage and ACP mortality were suitable only for the tree canopy face directly sprayed at the orchard's edge (0 m). After 5.5 years, a higher ACP population and number of symptomatic trees were detected in ‘EB + AB’.

Conclusion

As the ‘EB + AB’ had no effect in reducing ACP population, or HLB incidence, this additional spraying had no benefit in HLB management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Field evaluation of spray drift and nontargeted soybean injury from unmanned aerial spraying system herbicide application under acceptable operation conditions
Authors: Huang Zhan , Wang Changling , Li Yangfan , Zhang Hao , Zeng Aijun , He Xiongkui
Published: November 2022

Background

Droplets of plant production products sprayed from unmanned aerial spraying system (UASS) applications are prone to drift, threatening nontarget crops, humans, and environment. There are few studies that have investigated plant bioassay of UASS spray drift, and even fewer when it comes to herbicide application. This work reports a combined field‐scale evaluation of spray drift and plant bioassay for a rice herbicide florpyrauxifen‐benzyl application using a six‐rotor motor UASS under acceptable operating conditions. An artificial rice canopy was built to simulate a practical field application scenario and the soybean was applied to assess the nontargeted crop injury. The effects of nozzle type (droplet size), flight height, and adjuvant on spray deposition, sedimenting drift, airborne drift, and soybean injury were studied to explore the feasibility of UASS herbicide application.

Results

Under an average wind speed of 1.2–1.5 m s−1, reduced flight height, increased droplet size, and adding nonionic surfactant resulted in greater deposition, lower drift, and less injury to soybean. Increasing droplet size by changing the nozzle was more effective compared with adding adjuvant and reducing the flight height, which offers greater flexibility and can accomplish better spray performance. The correlations between sedimenting drift and soybean injury percentage were highly significant (P < 0.01, r > 0.96). The calculated buffer distances of 7.7–18.9 m were to varying degrees less than the soybean safety distances of 10.0–20.0 m.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide a reference basis for determining optimum working parameters and establishing buffer zones for the rice herbicide application of UASS. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Model‐based quality consistency analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor cogging torque in wide temperature range
Authors: Chen Cen , Sun Chengzhi , Wu Liqin , Ye Xuerong , Zhai Guofu
Published: November 2022

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have a scale of applications linking to the industrial machines. As these machines often work in a wide temperature range, the PMSM quality consistency is threatened by the temperature fluctuate. In fact, at the start of the production of the PMSMs, the quality consistency distribution already exist due to the manufacturing dispersion. However, traditional experiment‐based consistency analysis method is inadequate for the PMSM, due to its inevitable destructive measurement for the magnetic properties. To deal with the problem, this paper proposed a model‐based quality consistency analysis method. In this paper, mechanism analysis of the temperature influence on PMSMs is carried out by the finite element analysis and the digital modeling method, so that the impact of dispersion can be depicted by model rather than destructive measurement. The relationship between the temperature and PMSM cogging torque as well as other features is quantitatively revealed. To obtain the NdFeB temperature coefficient, magnetic samples were prepared and measured. Then, the temperature characteristics of the sensitive components of PMSM are established, and the PMSM temperature characteristics can be simulated by integrating temperature coefficients into the PMSM digital model. The qualitative and quantitative temperature characteristics of cogging torque are verified by experiments with a batch of PMSMs.
Analysis of Chrysopogon zizanioides used as floating treatment wetlands in the removal of heavy metals present in leachate
Authors: Alberto Álvarez‐Ascencio , Sugey López‐Martínez , Ana R. Rodríguez‐Luna , Eduardo S. López‐Hernández , Carlos M. Morales‐Bautista , Emanuel Hernández‐Núñez
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Chrysopogon zizanioides using the floating wetland treatment (FWT) technique in the removal of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Hg from three different concentrations of landfill leachate (100% crude leachate [L100], 75% leachate + 25% tap water [L75], and 50% leachate + 50% tap water [L50]) for a period of 60 days. The concentration of heavy metals in leachate and C. zizanioides was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results show that heavy metal concentrations decrease significantly (p < 0.05) in vegetation treatments. Removal efficiency was higher in the L100 leachate with 100%, 58.1%, 33.4%, 67.8%, 58.3%, 29.4%, 69.2%, and 67.2% for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn, respectively. This study demonstrates the efficiency of removing heavy metals from landfill leachate using the FWT technique.
Integrative learning of structuredhigh‐dimensionaldata from multiple datasets
Authors: Chang Changgee , Dai Zongyu , Oh Jihwan , Long Qi
Published: November 2022

Integrative learning of multiple datasets has the potential to mitigate the challenge of small and large that is often encountered in analysis of big biomedical data such as genomics data. Detection of weak yet important signals can be enhanced by jointly selecting features for all datasets. However, the set of important features may not always be the same across all datasets. Although some existing integrative learning methods allow heterogeneous sparsity structure where a subset of datasets can have zero coefficients for some selected features, they tend to yield reduced efficiency, reinstating the problem of losing weak important signals. We propose a new integrative learning approach which can not only aggregate important signals well in homogeneous sparsity structure, but also substantially alleviate the problem of losing weak important signals in heterogeneous sparsity structure. Our approach exploits a priori known graphical structure of features and encourages joint selection of features that are connected in the graph. Integrating such prior information over multiple datasets enhances the power, while also accounting for the heterogeneity across datasets. Theoretical properties of the proposed method are investigated. We also demonstrate the limitations of existing approaches and the superiority of our method using a simulation study and analysis of gene expression data from ADNI.
Working Conditions and Retirement Preferences: The Role of Health and Subjective Age as Mediating Variables in the Association of Poor Job Quality with Early Retirement
Authors: Steiber Nadia , Haas Barbara
Published: November 2022

This chapter presents a theoretical model that links working conditions with men’s and women’s retirement preferences via their physical and psychological health and their subjective age and longevity expectations. The model is based on the assumption that ‘subjective age’ is a central variable in retirement decisions that mediates the relationship between working conditions and individuals’ preferred retirement timing. The theoretical model is tested using survey data from a representative sample of older workers in Austria. Based on findings from multivariate regression analyses, we conclude that improved working conditions – directly and via improved health and feelings of youthfulness – can help delaying the timing of labour market exit. Improvements in working conditions would help to extend working life, because workers who enjoy ‘good working conditions’ tend to feel healthier and younger and would be willing to work until a higher age. Job attributes that help workers to maintain a sense of youthfulness and encourage them to stay part of the active work force until a higher age include high intrinsic job quality (e.g. learning and development opportunities at work, task variety) and employee-led time flexibility. Older workers in ‘bad jobs’ that involve physical work strain and time pressure tend to feel older and to prefer an earlier retirement.
W ±Z production at NNLO QCD and NLO EW matched to parton showers with MiNNLOPS
Authors: Lindert Jonas M. , Lombardi Daniele , Wiesemann Marius , Zanderighi Giulia , Zanoli Silvia
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We consider W±Z production in hadronic collisions and present high-precision predictions in QCD and electroweak (EW) perturbation theory matched to parton showers. To this end, we match next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to parton showers using the MiNNLOPS method and consistently combine them with next-to-leading order EW corrections matched to parton showers. This is the first time such accuracy in the event generation is achieved for any collider process, and we study in detail the impact of different choices in the combination of QCD and EW corrections as well as QCD and QED showers. Spin correlations, interferences and off-shell effects are retained by considering the full leptonic processes $$ pp\to {\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-}{\ell}^{\prime \pm }{\nu}_{\ell}^{\prime } $$
pp
→

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

ℓ

′
±

ν
ℓ
′

with ℓ′ ≠ ℓ and ℓ′ = ℓ without approximations, and the matching to QED radiation is performed preserving the resonance structure of the process. We find that NNLO QCD predictions including QCD and QED shower effects provide a very good approximation in the bulk-region of the phase space, while EW effects become increasingly important in the high-energy tails of kinematic distributions. Our default predictions are in excellent agreement with recent ATLAS data.
Might artificial intelligence become part of the person, and what are the key ethical and legal implications?
Authors: Bublitz Jan Christoph
Published: November 2022

This paper explores and ultimately affirms the surprising claim that artificial intelligence (AI) can become part of the person, in a robust sense, and examines three ethical and legal implications. The argument is based on a rich, legally inspired conception of persons as free and independent rightholders and objects of heightened protection, but it is construed so broadly that it should also apply to mainstream philosophical conceptions of personhood. The claim is exemplified by a specific technology, devices that connect human brains with computers and operate by AI-algorithms. Under philosophically reasonable and empirically realistic conditions, these devices and the AI running them become parts of the person, in the same way as arms, hearts, or mental capacities are. This transformation shall be called empersonification. It has normative and especially legal consequences because people have broader and stronger duties regarding other persons (and parts of them) than regarding things. Three consequences with practical implications are: (i) AI-devices cease to exist as independent legal entities and come to enjoy the special legal protection of persons; (ii) therefore, third parties such as manufacturers or authors of software lose (intellectual) property rights in device and software; (iii) persons become responsible for the outputs of the empersonified AI-devices to the same degree that they are for desires or intentions arising from the depths of their unconscious. More generally, empersonification marks a new step in the long history of human–machine interaction that deserves critical ethical reflection and calls for a stronger value-aligned development of these technologies.
Post-stall flow control with upstream flags
Authors: Zhang Z. , Wang Z. , Gursul I.
Published: November 2022

The post-stall flow control using compliant flags of varying thickness and length, placed upstream a NACA0012 airfoil, was shown to be possible at an airfoil chord Reynolds number of 100,000. The flag wakes produced substantial increase in the stall angle and the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil placed at optimal cross-stream locations from the wake centerline. Oscillating flags could generate periodic wakes with better spanwise coherence than the stationary bluff body. This resulted in the excitation, formation and shedding of the leading-edge vortices periodically, providing mean lift enhancement. There is an optimal range of the flag mass ratio for which the flag frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the vortex shedding instability or its subharmonic of the baseline airfoil wake. The flag dimensionless frequency is a function of the mass ratio only, which can be predicted by a reduced order model in the limit of very large mass ratio and by using the modified free-streamline theory for the separated flow. There is also an optimal range of the flag dimensionless frequency.

Graphical abstract
Frequency and associated symptoms of isthmoceles in women 6 months after caesarean section: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gozzi P. , Hees K. A. , Berg C. , David M. , Wernecke K.-D. , Hellmeyer L. , Schlembach D.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of detection of isthmoceles by ultrasound 6 months after caesarean section (CS) and which symptoms associated with isthmocele formation occur after CS. Subsequently, it was determined how often the ultrasound finding “isthmocele” coincided with the presence of complaints.

Methods

A prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted with 546 patients from four obstetric centres in Berlin, who gave birth by primary or secondary CS from October 2019 to June 2020. 461 participants were questioned on symptoms 3 months after CS; 329 participants were included in the final follow-up 6 months after CS. The presence of isthmoceles was determined by transvaginal sonography (TVS) 6 months after CS, while symptoms were identified by questionnaire.

Results

Of the 329 women, 146 (44.4%) displayed an isthmocele in the TVS. There was no statistically significant difference in the manifestation of symptoms between the two groups of women with and without isthmocele; however, when expressed on a scale from 1 to 10 the intensity of both scar pain and lower abdominal pain was significantly higher in the set of women that had shown to have developed an isthmocele (p = 0.014 and p = 0.031, respectively).

Conclusion

The prevalence of isthmoceles 6 months after CS was 44.4%. Additionally, scar pain and lower abdominal pain were more pronounced when an isthmocele was also observed in the TVS.

Trial registration

Trial registration number DRKS00024977. Date of registration 17.06.2021, retrospectively registered.
Lack of evidence for effects of lockdowns on stillbirth rates during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Bavaria: analysis of the Bavarian perinatal survey from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Stumpfe Florian Matthias , Schneider Michael Oliver , Antoniadis Sophia , Mayr Andreas , Fleckenstein Tobias , Staerk Christian , Kehl Sven , Hermanek Peter , Böhm Julian , Scharl Anton , Beckmann Matthias Wilhelm , Hein Alexander
Published: November 2022

Background

Internationally, potential effects of national SARS-CoV-2-related lockdowns on stillbirth rates have been reported, but data for Germany, including risk factors for fetal pregnancy outcome, are lacking. The aim of this study is to compare the stillbirth rates during the two first lockdown periods in 2020 with previous years from 2010 to 2019 in a large Bavarian cohort.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of the Bavarian perinatal data from 2010 to 2020, including 349,245 births. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to investigate the effect of two Bavarian lockdowns on the stillbirth rate in 2020 compared to the corresponding periods from 2010 to 2019.

Results

During the first lockdown, the stillbirth rate was significantly higher compared to the reference period (4.04 vs. 3.03 stillbirths per 1000 births; P = 0.03). After adjustment for seasonal and long-term trends, this effect can no longer be observed (P = 0.2). During the second lockdown, the stillbirth rate did not differ in univariate (3.46 vs. 2.93 stillbirths per 1000 births; P = 0.22) as well as in multivariable analyses (P = 0.68), compared to the years 2010 to 2019.

Conclusion

After adjustment for known long-term effects, in this study we did not find evidence that the two Bavarian lockdowns had an effect on the rate of stillbirths.