bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le mythe de Versailles et l’Europe des cours, xviie-xxe siècles
Authors: Sabatier Gérard
Published: December 2020

Parmi les réalisations curiales de son temps, Versailles acquit rapidement le statut d’un mythe, c’est-à-dire d’un imaginaire dont il convient d’étudier la formation et la diffusion dans le public, mais aussi les effets concrets sur l’identité des cours contemporaines, voire postérieures. Le Centre de recherche du château de Versailles a décidé de reprendre sous cette perspective la question traditionnelle des « influences » de Versailles en Europe avec le programme « Identités curiales et le mythe de Versailles en Europe : perceptions, adhésions et rejets (xviie-xixe siècles) ». L’élaboration du mythe est recherchée en analysant les écrits laissés par les visiteurs étrangers qui se sont pressés à Versailles, dont la recension a donné lieu à une banque de données analytique. Une prospection iconographique doit suivre. Le second axe de recherche interroge l’articulation de cet imaginaire curial avec les formulations identitaires des cours européennes contemporaines ou postérieures au Versailles royal, organisation spatiale, sociabilité, pratique du pouvoir… entre emprunts, réserves ou rejets.
Les voyageurs espagnols à Versailles : entre l’absence et la fascination
Authors: Giménez Enric-Eduard
Published: December 2020

Combien de voyageurs espagnols ayant visité Versailles ont consigné par écrit leurs impressions ? Très peu, de fait : aucun n’a laissé de récit de voyage entre le xviie et le début du xviiie. À quoi cela est-il dû ? Les Espagnols ne voyageaient-ils pas ? N’écrivaient-ils l’impossibilité de tout raconter. Que ce soit la résidence royale des Bourbons ou le musée louis-philippin, le palais monopolise toujours la plupart des pages. La description du jardin est plus inégale, souvent plus sommaire, et les avis sont également plus critiques.
A Highly Specific Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2–Reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zelba Henning , Worbs David , Harter Johannes , Pieper Natalia , Kyzirakos-Feger Christina , Kayser Simone , Seibold Marcel , Bartsch Oliver , Ködding Jiri , Biskup Saskia
Published: December 2020

Gaining detailed insights into the role of host immune responses in viral clearance is critical for understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and future treatment strategies. Although studies analyzing humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 were available rather early during the pandemic, cellular immunity came into focus of investigations just recently. For the present work, we have adapted a protocol designed for the detection of rare neoantigen-specific memory T cells in cancer patients for studying cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected after 6 d of in vitro expansion using overlapping peptide libraries representing the whole viral protein. The assay readout was an intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometric analysis detecting four functional markers simultaneously (CD154, TNF, IL-2, and IFN-γ). We were able to detect SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in 10 of 10 COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms. All patients had reactive T cells against at least 1 of 12 analyzed viral Ags, and all patients had Spike-specific T cells. Although some Ags were detected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, VME1 was mainly recognized by CD4+ T cells. Strikingly, we were not able to detect SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells in 18 unexposed healthy individuals. When we stimulated the same samples overnight, we measured significant numbers of cytokine-producing cells even in unexposed individuals. Our comparison showed that the stimulation conditions can profoundly impact the activation readout in unexposed individuals. We are presenting a highly specific diagnostic tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2–reactive T cells.
“The Tip of the Iceberg”: Commentary on Sports, Health Inequity, and Trauma Exacerbated by COVID-19
Authors: Noel-London Kemba Ceronne , Grimsley Crystal , Porter Jessie , Breitbach Anthony P.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To discuss the relevance of system-level health inequities and their interplay with race in sports and athletic training, particularly during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Background

Health inequity is a systemic and longstanding concern with dire consequences that can have marked effects on the lives of minority patients. As a result of the unequal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the magnitude of the outcomes from health inequity in all spheres of American health care is being brought to the fore. The discourse within athletic training practice and policy must shift to intentionally creating strategies that acknowledge and account for systemic health inequities in order to facilitate an informed, evidence-based, and safe return to sport within the new normal.

Conclusions

To continue to evolve the profession and solidify athletic trainers' role in public health spaces post–COVID-19, professionals at all levels of athletic training practice and policy must intentionally create strategies that acknowledge and account for not only the social determinants of health but also the effects of racism and childhood trauma on overall health and well-being.
Mental Health, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life of US Adolescent Athletes During COVID-19–Related School Closures and Sport Cancellations: A Study of 13 000 Athletes
Authors: McGuine Timothy A. , Biese Kevin M. , Petrovska Labina , Hetzel Scott J. , Reardon Claudia , Kliethermes Stephanie , Bell David R. , Brooks Alison , Watson Andrew M.
Published: December 2020

Context

In the spring of 2020, US schools closed to in-person teaching and sports were cancelled to control the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is critical to understand the mental and physical health of adolescent athletes during this time.

Objective

To describe the health of athletes during COVID-19–related school closures and sport cancellations.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A national sample recruited via social media.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 13 002 US adolescent athletes (age = 16.3 ± 1.2 years, females = 52.9%, males = 47.0%) completed an anonymous online survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Demographic information collected was sex, grade, sport(s) played, and zip code. Assessments used were the General Anxiety Disorder 7-Item for anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item for depression, the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale for physical activity, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 for quality of life. Mental health, physical activity, and health-related quality-of-life variables were compared among sex, grade, sport(s) played, and poverty level using means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the survey-weighted analysis of variance.

Results

Females reported a higher prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (females = 43.7% versus males = 28.2%). The Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale score was highest (best) for grade 9 (mean = 14.5, 95% CI = 14.0, 15.0) and lowest for grade 11 (mean = 10.9, 95% CI = 10.5, 11.3). The prevalence of depression symptoms was highest in team sport (74.1%) and lowest in individual sport (64.9%) participants. The total Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory score was lowest (worst) for athletes from counties with the highest poverty levels (high: mean = 74.5, 95% CI = 73.7, 75.3; middle: mean = 78.9, 95% CI = 78.0, 79.8; and low: mean = 78.3, 95% CI = 77.4, 79.1).

Conclusions

The health of US adolescents during the COVID-19–related school closures and sport cancellations varied to differing degrees depending on sex, grade level, type of sport participation, and level of poverty. Health policy experts should consider these findings in the future when creating and implementing policies to improve the health of adolescents in the United States.
Interplay of COVID-19 and Physiological Dysfunctions
Authors: Chang Yu-Hsiu , Huang Chih-Heng , Hsieh Po-Shiuan
Published: December 2020

The outbreak of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact the socioeconomic fabric and the general well-being of numerous populations and communities around the world. As cases continue to rise exponentially, gaining a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the associated clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, becomes increasingly necessary. In this article, we delineate the role of COVID-19 in physiological and immunological dysfunction. Specifically, we highlight the various possible mechanisms and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections on major organ systems as well as their contribution toward multiorgan system failure. By analyzing studies and statistics regarding various comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, we make inferences on the linkage between COVID-19, immune injury, multiorgan system damage, and disease progression.
Local Institutions and the Governance of Tree Resources
Authors: Acema Dan , Byakagaba Patrick , Banana Abwoli Y. , Turyahabwe Nelson
Published: December 2020

The role of institutions in conservation of biological resources is globally recognised. This study is aimed at assessing institutions governing conservation and management of the Shea tree in West-Nile region of Uganda where it is at risk of extirpation. Arua and Nebbi districts which are dominated by different ethnic groups were selected for the study. The study involved 200 respondents, six focus groups and 20 key informants. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the origin and level of compliance to institutions between the two districts. A multinomial logit model was used to analyse factors influencing levels of rule enforcement. Content analysis was used to analyse data from key informants and focus group discussions. The results showed the existence of seven different rules that were categorised as management, conservation and harvesting rules. The level of compliance to rules for the Shea tree was higher in Nebbi than Arua. Involvement in rule crafting, clarity of resource boundary, age, education level and ethnicity of respondents significantly influenced participation in rule enforcement. The study concluded that traditional institutions are relevant in the conservation of Shea trees. It is therefore, vital to incorporate them into statutory laws in the quest for sustainable management of Shea tree.
A Study to Evaluate Reduction in Blood Loss by Topical Application of Tranexamic Acid in Burn Wound Surgery
Authors: Mohan Amitabh , Vishwanath G , Rajendran Nagamahendran
Published: December 2020

Background:

Blood loss and problems associated with blood transfusion in burn wound excision is a major challenge a surgeon has to face. Topical application of antifibrinolytics has been used in many surgical fields. This study was conducted to assess the reduction of blood loss in burn wound excision by topical application of tranexamic acid.

Materials and Methods:

This Prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between February 2018 and May 2019.

Results:

In this study, we observe that by adding 0.5% tranexamic acid to 1 in 200,000 adrenalin topical solution, blood loss can be reduced while burns excision and skin grafting. In this study, after the application of tranexamic acid, the average blood loss per unit area reduced by 36% with significant P < 0.05.

Conclusions:

The use of tranexamic acid is effective and safe to use for topical use in concentration of 0.5% for reduction of blood loss in burn wound excision. However, further study with larger study group, should be done to confirm the findings of this study and further authenticating the results.
Expanding Telehealth Competencies in Primary Care: A Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Simulation to Train Internal Medicine Residents in Complex Patient Care
Authors: Wong Rachel , Ng Patricia , Spinnato Tracey , Taub Erin , Kaushal Amit , Lerman Mark , Fernan Alice , Dainer Erin , Noel Kimberly
Published: December 2020

Background

Despite increasing use of telehealth, there are limited published curricula training primary care providers in utilizing telehealth to deliver complex interdisciplinary care.

Objective

To describe and evaluate a telehealth curriculum with a longitudinal objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to improve internal medicine residents' confidence and skills in coordinating complex interdisciplinary primary care via televisits, electronic consultation, and teleconferencing.

Methods

In 2019, 56 first- and third-year residents participated in a 3-part, 5-week OSCE training them to use telehealth to manage complex primary care. Learners conducted a standardized patient (SP) televisit in session 1, coordinated care via inter-visit e-messaging, and led a simulated interdisciplinary teleconference in session 2. Surveys measured confidence before session 1 (pre), post-session 1 (post-1), and post-session 2 (post-2). SP televisit checklists and investigators' assessment of e-messages evaluated residents' telehealth skills.

Results

Response rates were pre 100%, post-1 95% (53 of 56), and post-2 100%. Post-intervention, more residents were “confident/very confident” in adjusting their camera (33%, 95% CI 20–45 vs 85%, 95% CI 75–95, P < .0001), e-messaging (pre 36%, 95% CI 24–49 vs post-2 80%, 95% CI 70–91, P < .0001), and coordinating interdisciplinary care (pre 35%, 95% CI 22–47 vs post-2 84%, 95% CI 74–94, P < .0001). More residents were “likely/very likely” to use telemedicine in the future (pre 56%, 95% CI 43–69, vs post-2 79%, 95% CI 68–89, P = .001).

Conclusions

A longitudinal, interdisciplinary telehealth simulation is feasible and can improve residents' confidence in using telemedicine to provide complex patient care.
Patronat świętego Olafa nad kupcami morskimi i jego przejawy w testamentach lubeckich Bergenfahrer
Authors: Lubik Maciej
Published: December 2020

The cult of St. Olaf among sea merchants and its manifestation in testaments of Lübeck Bergenfahrer St. Olaf was one of the most vivid symbols of religious life in the northern part of medieval Europe. Many churches devoted to him were scattered across Scandinavian countries and his resting place in Nidaros (Trondheim) cathedral attracted numerous believers. As a patron saint of Norwegian kings and various organizations he seems to be a religious icon that permeated into some lay aspects of life, including the economic sphere. Although relatedness of his cult to sea is apparent in the oldest liturgical texts, Scandinavian sources pointed out in this article provide no certain evidence proving its relevancy to sea trade. However, in the Late Middle Ages St. Olaf’s cult gained popularity among the Bergenfahrer – Lübeck sea merchants strongly involved in the commercial activity in Bergen. Testaments left by the Bergenfahrer constitute a set of evidence that illuminates the role that St. Olaf’s cult played among this group of merchants. This role seems to be twofold: St. Olaf’s cult was a symbol which shaped corporate identity of the Bergenfahrer, contributing to the organisational sphere of their activity, and provided spiritual support which shaped personal identity of individual merchants.
Konspiratorzy w Policji Polskiej i Polskiej Policji Kryminalnej w Krakowie w latach 1939‒1945
Authors: Chlipała Michał
Published: December 2020

Conspirators in the Polish Blue Police and Polish Criminal Police in Kraków during 1939‒1945 The article describes the history of Polish pre-war policemen who were forced to continue their service in the Polish Police in the General Government (the so-called Blue Police), created by German occupying authorities. Many of these policemen, faithful to the oath they had made before the war, worked for the Polish Underground State. In Kraków, the capital of the General Government, in the Autumn of 1939, Polish policemen began to create conspiracy structures, which gradually became one of the most effective Polish intelligence networks. Thanks to them, the Home Army, subordinated to the Polish Government-in-exile in London, could learn the secrets of the Kraków Gestapo and the German police. Despite the enormous efforts of the German counter-intelligence machine and the losses among the conspirators, they worked out the exact structure of the German forces in Kraków, helped the persecuted population and infiltrated secret German institutions. In post-war Poland, many of them experienced persecution at the hands of the communist regime. Most of them preferred to keep their wartime experiences secret. To this day their activities are poorly known, being suppressed by the popular image of a Polish policeman-collaborator created by the media.
Ochrona” infrastruktury gospodarczej KWK „Katowice” przez Służbę Bezpieczeństwa w latach 80. XX w. (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sprawy obiektowej o kryptonimie „Carbon”)
Authors: Franaszek Piotr
Published: December 2020

“Protection” of Silesian hard coal mines by the state Security Service in the 1980s (on the example of hard coal mine “Katowice”) During the entire period of the Polish People’s Republic the Polish state security forces conducted surveillance operations of factories and other workplaces. All spheres of activity – political, social and economic – were controlled. These actions intensified in the 1980s, a unique period in the recent history of Poland, after the workers’ strikes in August 1980 and the creation of the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (NSZZ) “Solidarność”. In response to the upheaval, the martial law was introduced, casting a grim shadow on the social and economic reality of the entire decade. Because of the importance of coal mining for the country’s economic system, the activities of state security forces were meticulously carried out in the mines, including the hard coal mine “Katowice”. All actions were controlled and recorded, not only those of workers who sympathized with powers hostile to the regime, but any event disturbing the rhythm of work – entirely coincidental events were tracked alongside possible cases of sabotage. Regardless of the real intentions behind these activities, this scrutiny of the state apparatus created a kind of chronicle of events that took place in the hard coal mine “Katowice” in the period under discussion.
Sądownictwo powszechne w II Rzeczypospolitej (1917–1939). Założenia organizacyjne, budowa struktur, funkcjonowanie
Authors: Krzyżanowski Lech
Published: December 2020

The judiciary system in the Second Republic of Poland (1917–1939): Organisational assumptions, structures, functioning The standardisation of legal provisions regulating the functioning of the judiciary system was one of the key challenges faced by the Second Republic of Poland at the dawn of its independence. The law that had been created by the partitioners was still used in the first years of interwar Poland. A regulation uniform for the whole country: the Law on Common Courts Organisation, had not entered into force until 1929. Under that regulation, women could enter the profession of judge for the first time in the country’s history. This must be recognized as one of the greatest achievements of interwar Poland, whereas one of its significant failures were the low salaries that hindered the functioning of the courts. Judges had protested against that throughout the interwar period, but they did not manage to gain any considerable pay increase. The 1930s also saw a dispute over judicial independence. The adherents of Józef Piłsudski, who ruled Poland at the time, tried to gain control over the judiciary system, which was perceived by the majority of judges as an attempt to limit their rights. Despite those turbulences, the assessment of actions taken in regard to the judiciary system in the interwar period should be positive. The functioning of the courts achieved a definitely higher level compared to the time before World War I.
Fenomen social dating: strategie autoprezentacji
Authors: Karpova Hanna
Published: December 2020

Phenomenon of social dating: strategies of self-presentation In recent years, the use of online dating platforms has evolved from a marginal to a widespread social practice. The online dating arena provides an opportunity to investigate changing cultural norms concerning technology-mediated relationship formation and to shed light on such aspects of online behavior as the impression formation process and self-presentation strategies. A field experiment was focused on self-presentation strategies and tactics among online dating participants, investigating how participants' sex effects on managing their online presentation of self in order to accomplish the goal of enhancing their level of attractiveness. After conducting a pilot study, was collected 200 text-based profiles (100 women, 100 men) from the online dating service “Sympatia.pl” and examined through them with respect to strategies type.
Reflexiones sobre la educación y la filosofía en el Perú
Authors: Casquier-Ortiz Jesús R.
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo presenta el estado en el que se encuentra la educación en el Perú, hacia donde apuntan los modelos de enseñanza y si es que se tiene un horizonte pensado y definido desde la filosofía. Ya que si bien se habla de “misiones” y “visiones”, en la mayoría de los casos no se puede determinar si estas son producto de una reflexión en torno a la pedagogía y la didáctica o si son especulaciones aletargadas, producto del marasmo burocrático y la alucinación conceptual en torno a otros modelos educativos ajenos a nuestra realidad socio cultural. De ahí que para discutir esta inquietud se empieza por identificar las principales características alrededor de las diferentes etapas por las que ha atravesado la educación a lo largo de la historia del Perú, luego se busca indagar acerca del estado actual en torno a la educación en el Perú y el lugar que la filosofía ocupa en ella. Asimismo, se hace una crítica reflexiva sobre la enseñanza en nuestro país.
En torno al problema de la libertad política: republicanismo y liberalismo
Authors: Estrada-Pérez Luis F.
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo está compuesto de cuatro partes. La primera está dedicada a presentar el problema del ejercicio de la libertad y las consecuencias que conlleva tanto en el modelo republicano como en el liberal y, por supuesto, sus distintas variantes. La segunda parte trabaja la importancia de la promoción de los valores cívicos en el republicanismo, al igual que las consecuencias contraproducentes. La tercera sección problematiza si es que un modelo liberal se puede también arribar a una posición más cooperativa y participativa. Se distingue entre egoísmo psicológico (EP), egoísmo ético (EE) y egoísmo racional (ER) para analizar cuál de estos últimos encaja con el modelo liberal. Finalmente, en la última parte, se plantea que una versión cooperativa desde una perspectiva liberal se fundamenta, siguiendo a Nozick, en el “empuje ético” y en la búsqueda de hacer significativa nuestra vida.  La hipótesis principal de este estudio es que la motivación ética es la que posibilita un compromiso con la cuestión pública tanto en la versión liberal como en la posición republicana.
Impact of COVID-19 on Remittance Inflows to Samoa
Authors: Chen Hong , Chand Shamal S , singh Baljeet
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on remittance inflows to Samoa. The study finds that COVID-19 has led to increased remittance inflows to Samoa from Australia and New Zealand; however, remittances from the United States have declined.
REFUGIADOS CLIMÁTICOS, VULNERABILIDAD Y PROTECCIÓN INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Vicente Giménez Teresa
Published: December 2020

La cifra sobre desplazamiento forzoso en el mundo alcanzamáximos históricos, y se verá incrementada en el futuro debido aldesplazamiento humano que provoca el calentamiento del planeta y ladegradación ecológica que caracteriza la actual era del Antropoceno. Laprotección internacional que otorga el derecho a las personas que huyende sus tierras y buscan refugio está relacionada con la exposición a peligros,la vulnerabilidad y la dificultad de estas personas para ejercer susderechos humanos. La movilidad por causas ambientales provoca nuevosmotivos de protección jurídica no previstos en la Convención sobreel estatuto de los refugiados, pero a la que hay que dar respuesta y solución.En el siglo xxi Naciones Unidas consolida un nuevo enfoque delos derechos humanos con relación al cambio climático y las migraciones,y este paradigma debe resolver el vacío de la doctrina jurídica tradicionalpara abordar el problema de las migraciones climáticas. Tambiénse encuentran en situación de vulnerabilidad, junto a las mujeres y los menores, que sí son reconocidas y protegidas por el derecho, ylos jóvenes varones refugiados, muchos de los cuales se ven abocadosa ejercer la prostitución para sobrevivir. A la reflexión sobre los conceptosde refugiado/migración y al análisis de los nuevos motivos devulnerabilidad por razones del cambio climático se dedica el presentetrabajo, para evidenciar que el actual modelo migratorio de defensa defrontera actúa en sentido opuesto a la solución real de un movimientocreciente de personas vulnerables que deambula por el mundo en buscade refugio.
Current Status of Intestinal Parasites among Pre School Children in Eke, Okpokwu Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbeyi GO , Jenewari JA , Abah JP , Akor JO , Ikpom ET
Published: December 2020

Intestinal parasitic infection is a disease of public health importance in developing countries like Nigeria. Conducive environmental factors in developing countries accelerate parasitic growth and development. The aim of this study is to determine the current status of parasitic infection of preschool children in Benue State. A cross sectional study design was used in this study and computer generated table of random numbers was used to select the respondents. Univarate and bivarate analysis were computed using SPSS version 23. In bivarate analysis variables with p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite was 16.2% and the mean age of the children was 27.8 months. Fifty eight of the children were infected and Ascarislumbricoides was the most prevalent parasites. Families using pit latrine had the heighest prevance of parasitic infestation with the prevalence of 69.2%.There was a statistically significant association between methods of waste disposal and parasite infestation. Methods of water treatment were also statistically significant with intestinal parasitic infestation
Review of Bovine Brucellosis and Its Public Health Significance
Authors: Mitiku Wakuma , Desa Garoma
Published: December 2020

Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease caused by a member of the genus Brucella. The disease affects both animals and human beings resulting in a serious economic loss in the animal production sector and deterioration of public health. Bovine brucellosis is highly prevalent and has significant economic and zoonotic implications for the rural communities in consequence of their traditional lifestyles, feeding habits, and disease patterns. The possible sources of infections include all infected tissues, aborted fetuses, vaginal discharges, and potentially contaminated materials. The nature of the pathogenesis of the diseases lies in the presence of the bacteria in the cells and employing various methods to survive in the phagocytic cells. The disease can be transmitted from an infected host to susceptible animals in direct and indirect contact. Various methods are employed for the diagnosis of brucellosis including microscopic examination, culture methods, serological and molecular biology. The public health importance of brucellosis is much related to the infected animal species from which human transmission occurs. The economic importance of brucellosis depends upon the species of animal affected. It can cause considerable losses in cattle as a result of abortion and a reduction in milk yield. The most rational approach for control of Brucella abortus infection is by vaccinating young female animals. To deal with diseases like brucellosis, the public in general and high-risk groups, in particular, should be made aware of the zoonotic and economic importance of brucellosis through veterinary extension education.
Pengaruh Pendidikan dan Pelatihan terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan-Karyawati PT Panasonic Gobel Indonesia Jakarta Timur
Authors: Endaryono Bakti Toni , Juansah Ace Jaja , Nizmah Nizmah
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education and training on the improvement of work productivity of employees of PT Panasonic Gobel Indonesia, East Jakarta. The independent variables used in this study are education and training. While the dependent variable used is the increase in employee productivity. The object used in the research is PT Panasonic Gobel Indonesia, with employees of the customer service division as the research sample. A total of 30 respondents. The research method with quantitative, data collection techniques with interviews, observation and documentation, the analysis used is simple linear regression analysis. From the results of the regression coefficient analysis linear function Y = 13.633 + 0.682. The results showed that education and training had a significant positive effect on the increase in work productivity of female employees, amounting to 71%.
Concepciones del profesorado sobre el uso educativo del patrimonio
Authors: CASTRO-FERNANDEZ BELEN , CASTRO-CALVIÑO LETICIA , CONDE-MIGUÉLEZ JORGE , LÓPEZ-FACAL RAMÓN
Published: December 2020

Estudio exploratorio en el que se identifican las concepciones del profesorado gallego sobre el patrimonio y la forma en que se trabaja en el aula. Participan en el estudio 76 docentes en activo de las etapas de infantil, primaria y secundaria, pertenecientes a 20 centros educativos de la provincia de A Coruña (Galicia). Para la recogida de información se diseña un cuestionario con nueve preguntas abiertas. Los datos se analizan a través de ocho categorías que se subdividen en variables, creadas a partir de las respuestas obtenidas y teniendo en cuenta estudios similares. Los resultados más relevantes muestran: a) falta de correspondencia entre investigación y enseñanza, b) cierta aleatoriedad en el diseño y la implementación de actividades de educación patrimonial. El estudio apunta hacia varias direcciones en las que parece deseable avanzar para la mejora en ámbito de la educación patrimonial: institucionalización, formación continua, investigación e innovación y comunidades de aprendizaje en torno a la educación patrimonial.
VALIDACIÓN DE LOS INSTRUMENTOS PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE LA SATISFACCIÓN DEL USUARIO POR LA CALIDAD DE ATENCIÓN
Authors: León Erika Marcela
Published: December 2020

Introducción: las instituciones sanitarias enfrentan un gran reto cuando se refiere a calidad de atención, debido a que los usuarios actualmente tienen una mayor conciencia sobre sus derechos de una atención de calidad. Y, asisten a los es-tablecimientos en busca de una actitud adecuada que satisfaga la permanencia en las instituciones, independientemente, de si su problema fue resuelto o no. Es aquí cuando el personal que labora en las instituciones de salud juega un papel primordial indiferentemente del área en la cual desarrolla sus actividades. Obje-tivo: Validar el instrumento L2RV, como el instrumento L2RT y determinar la satis-facción del usuario con respecto a la ca-lidad de atención que ofrece el personal de enfermería y así analizar la percepción del usuario, sobre la atención que brinda el personal de enfermería. Materiales y métodos: La investigación es de campo, de corte transversal y de tipo explorato-rio, descriptivo, asociativo y correlacional. El diseño es no experimental y en la va-lidación de los instrumentos se utilizó el juicio de expertos y una prueba piloto. En la prueba piloto el instrumento L2RV se aplicó a la población finita que se tomó como muestra censal de 15 individuos, que fueron seleccionados de forma no aleatoria, no probabilística, mientras que para el instrumento L2RT se utilizó, como población y muestra censal, una familia de 3 integrantes a quienes se les hizo una entrevista. Resultados: los resul-tados obtenidos para cada uno de los instrumentos son los siguientes: el ins-trumento L2RV tiene 81,53% de confia-bilidad, la percepción del usuario sobre la atención que brinda el personal de en-fermería es regular y el trato que dan los profesionales de enfermería es de bue-no a regular, debido a que el personal no se comunica con términos sencillos y de fácil comprensión. El instrumento L2RT tiene 96,22% de confiabilidad. Conclu-sión: Tanto el instrumento L2RV, como el instrumento L2RT para medir la satisfac-ción y calidad de atención han sido dise-ñados y validados incorporando las pers-pectivas del paciente. Por su fiabilidad y validez pueden ser utilizados tanto en la investigación como en la práctica.
Philosophical Literacy: Dialogue on a Pedagogical Experiment
Authors: McCourtie Lena , Miller Peter
Published: December 2020

This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate in universities about literacy, the link between writing and academic success, and writing in specific disciplines. It reports the major phases in the design and implementation of a team-taught curriculum which integrated two half courses in writing and philosophy. The major objective was to develop philosophical literacy among students as a groundwork for future humanities courses. The unifying motif was "dialogue" which facilitated the negotiation between two members of faculty with different areas of expertise, the concept of philosophy as dialogue, and the student-teacher relationship as dialogue. Comments are made about some of the difficulties and uncertainties which students experienced initially, as well as certain modifications which were made to the curriculum. The successful completion of a wide range of differentiated tasks and the major assignment, a complex argumentative research paper, indicated the extent to which students had achieved the goal of philosophical literacy. The experiment raised a number of challenging theoretical and pedagogical questions, some of which are answered in the final section of the paper, while others still need to be researched.
Tenure, Faculty Contracts and Bargaining Conflict
Authors: Hum Derek
Published: December 2020

Tenure is sometimes charged as giving faculty lifetime job security, with little accountability and sporadic monitoring of performance. Scholars have traditionally defended tenure as necessary for academic freedom. This paper takes a different approach by examining the academic "employment contract relationship," and explaining how tenure can lead to bargaining conflict. Tenure is costly to the university but extremely valued by the faculty member. The opportunity cost of granting tenure to someone is the lost teaching and research output of younger people who cannot be hired in future. Tenure is necessary because without it, incumbents would never recommend hiring people who might be better than they are, for fear of being replaced. Tenure is also efficient because faculty have better information about incumbents than either university administrators or outside consultants. Tenure is therefore necessary to motivate older faculty to hire the best. With staff budget dollars able to be shifted back or forwards across time periods, tenure secures the truthful revelation of who are the good candidates over all periods, and the university is guaranteed that those who are in the best position to judge (namely, faculty rather than administrators) have every incentive to make the best decisions. It follows, then, that the naive suggestion to get rid of tenure so that older, expensive professors can be fired and replaced with younger, cheaper professors would be disastrous in the long run. A simple model is presented explaining why (a) recent cutbacks in government grants, (b) cost pressures on university budgets, (c) limits to tuition increases, and (d) declining interests in attending a less "excellent" university have all resulted in pressure on tenure. Because there is no previously agreed-to mechanism in place to adjust staff, university administrations and faculty unions are not so much bargaining over an acceptable contract outcome as they are contesting the very rules of the bargaining game. Accordingly, unless tenure is reconsidered, universities may increasingly face bargaining conflict. Tenure could be reformed by making the term of tenure limited but related to rank, and establishing a maximum eligibility period during which a faculty may apply for promotion.
Emberley on Hot Button Politics in Canada's Universities: A Critique
Authors: Carson A. Scott
Published: December 2020

In his recent book, Zero Tolerance: Hot Button Politics in Canada s Universities (1996), Richard Emberley attacks the government, business community, university administrators, magazine publishers and acade- mics for their complicity in pushing Canadian universities to the point of ruin. His accusation is that academe is pressed to achieve so many social, political and economic objectives that it risks not being successful in any of them. He provides a number of recommendations for restructuring higher education and these are presented in the context of a very rich con- ception of what a university should be. This paper examines Emberley's account of universities and the "scholarly culture" which has developed since the 13th century. It is argued that Emberley has an overly narrow view of the role of a university and one that is based on certain mistaken presumptions about what constitutes value in education.
Conceptions des futurs maîtres du primaire relativement à l'utlisation de la resolution de problèmes en mathématiques
Authors: Deblois Lucie , Vezina Nancy
Published: December 2020

Cet article rapporte les résultats d'une étude portant sur les conceptions de l'enseignement des mathématiques chez des futurs maîtres qui suivent leur premier cours en didactique des mathématiques. Quatre activités d'enseignement, portant sur la multiplication et la division, ont été proposées. Les futurs maîtres ont identifié les forces et les faiblesses lors d'une première discussion en sous-groupes. Ils ont ensuite été invités à valider et justifier leurs choix en groupe d'experts, selon la modalité proposée en apprentissage coopératif. Enfin, de retour dans leur groupe initial, ils ont identifiés ce qu'ils considèrent important à retenir pour l'apprentissage et l'enseignement de la notion mathématique en jeu. Une analyse des 88 questionnaires, complétés durant les discussions, a été réalisée. Nos résultats laissent apparaître certaines conceptions à l'égard de ce type d'activité d'enseignement notamment l'importance pour eux d'illustrer un problème par un matériel et d'être conforme aux objectifs d'apprentissage. En outre, le questionnement est vu comme un générateur de confusions chez les élèves. Les discussions en groupe d'experts semblent susciter un approfondissement de ces conceptions dans le cas où les activités d'enseignement ne posent pas de problème de contenu mathématique aux futurs maîtres. Les résultats obtenus permettent de dégager des moments de tension qui guideront nos interventions dans la classe de didactique à l'université.
Étude des caractéristiques psychométriques des indicateurs de stress et de la résolution de problèmes sociaux chez les stagiaires en enseignement
Authors: Montgomery Cameron , Bujold Neree , Bertrand Richard , Dupuis Francois
Published: December 2020

Cet article décrit la méthodologie d'adaptation et de validation d'instruments de mesure portant sur le stress et la capacité de résolution de problèmes sociaux. Nous présentons également quelques balises théoriques, d'autres modèles du stress et de la résolution de problèmes sociaux ainsi que les résultats des analyses d'items de deux instruments de mesure. Nous tentons de répondre aux deux questions de recherche suivantes: quelles sont les caractéristiques psychométriques des indicateurs de stress chez le stagiaire en enseignement? Quelles sont les caractéristiques psychométriques des indicateurs de la capacité de résolution de problèmes sociaux chez le stagiaire en enseignement? Nous présentons en outre les résultats d'analyses factorielles. La validation de ces instruments de mesure a conséquemment pour but d'étudier plus spécifiquement l'effet du stress sur les stagiaires en enseignement. Il s'agit d'un premier pas avant de pour suivre les recherches visant à aider lesformateurs à proposer de nouvelles stratégies degestion du stress dans le cadre de la formation des futurs enseignants.
Meeting Immigrant Community College Students' Needs on One Greater Toronto Area College Campus
Authors: Kilbride Kenise Murphy , D’Arcangelo Lucy
Published: December 2020

One hundred and forty-six students who entered Canada after their twelfth birthday and are now in one of six technical programs on a Greater Toronto Area (GTA) community college campus were surveyed. Technical programs enrol over half the students on this campus, and the six programs enrol over half the technical students. Over half had entered Canada past the usual age for high school (and over two-thirds in the past six years), making the college their point of entry into the Canadian educational system. Degrees and types of needs were analyzed, as well as degrees and sources of support. Differences occurred across numerous background traits but the most striking finding is the students' perception of a low degree of support from the college itself. This has clear policy implications for funders of GTA colleges, which attract such high numbers of new immigrants to Canada.
The Use of Market Mechanisms in Higher Education Finance and State Control: Ontario Considered
Authors: Young Stacey J.
Published: December 2020

Marketization has been so liberally applied to understanding higher education finance policy change that it has become a less potent conceptual tool. Through its evolution as a conceptual tool, the relationship between state control and market control has become an either/or proposition. In Ontario, state control over higher education has been strengthened with the use of market mechanisms, particularly as they have been utilized in resource allocation. This article outlines seven major higher education policy changes that make use of market mechanisms while enhancing state control. It is argued that marketization is a compromise between privatization, academic autonomy, and blatant state control in the face of the backlash against government intrusion in western socio- economic life.
Types et trajectoires d'insertion socioprofessionnelle de jeunes diplômés: Caractéristiques et profil sociodémographique
Authors: Fournier Genevieve , Pelletier Rene , Beaucher Chantale
Published: December 2020

Cet article aborde les résultats d'une étude menée auprès de jeunes diplômés des secteurs secondaire professionnel, collégial technique et universitaire, 1er cycle, en processus d'insertion socioprofessionnelle. Il vise à rendre compte des différents événements personnels et professionnels qui ponctuent l'entrée sur le marché du travail de ces jeunes diplômés et à faire état de leur situation professionnelle trois ans après leur sortie du système éducatif. Plus particulièrement, nous présentons d'abord quatre types et onze trajectoires d'insertion socioprofessionnelle identifiés à partir d'entretiens semi-structurés, effectués trois ans après l'obtention du diplôme. Nous proposons ensuite une analyse de ces résultats en fonction du sexe et du niveau de scolarité des sujets. Finalement, une discussion concernant les formes plus ou moins insidieuses que prend la précarité pour une proportion importante de diplômés et une réflexion sur les groupes qui y sont les plus vulnérables complètent l'article.
Gender as a Barrier for Women With Children in Academe
Authors: Armenti Carmen
Published: December 2020

This research involved in-depth interviews with nineteen women professors, drawn from across various faculties and ranks at one Canadian university, and was intended to explore the interconnections between the women's personal and professional lives. The women in this study chose to combine having children with an academic career. Most of them depicted their career trajectory as a lifelong challenge, one that was both fulfilling and prestigious. In contrast, the women reported a number of obstacles in their career paths that served to prevent them from gaining full membership in academic life. This study probes the nature of such obstacles that are grouped into two categories: the child-related time crunch and the career-related time crunch. As a result of these obstacles, the women encountered childbearing/childrearing problems, research dilemmas, a willingness to leave the academy, and denial of tenure and promotion. Findings call for a restructuring of academic careers in order to effectively accommodate women with children in the profession.
The Tuition Dilemma and the Politics of "Mass" Higher Education
Authors: Wellen Richard
Published: December 2020

The prospect of tuition fee increases for public sector universities has attracted an enormous amount of attention in recent years as governments in all industrialized countries have responded to the converging pressures of increased demands for higher education and rising costs of competing areas of social spending. I show that this dilemma is fast approaching a critical point in both Canada and the UK. As contemporary society become "knowledge societies," postsecondary systems become "complex," requiring a sensitive political blending of different institutional goals, such as accessibility, diversity of mission, critical thought, relevance, and social usefulness. This article draws upon the policy model of income contingent repayment (ICR) as a touchstone for debates and larger proposals about addressing the future of higher education reform. My hope is to show the partial shortcomings of the traditional alternatives: reliance on state-provided subsidy on the one hand and deregulated and flexible fees on the other. I then argue that changes in the social and political meaning of participation in higher education might warrant taking a second look at the "smart funding" approach represented by ICR proposals.
Less State, More Market: University Reform in Canada and Abroad
Authors: Schuetze Hans G. , Bruneau William
Published: December 2020

Political, economic, and social explanations of higher education reform, and the very definition of "reform," are the main departure points of this volume. The introduction uses the examples of Canada, Austria, Germany, and Japan to show that in all these countries, reform has meant reduced state funding and control and increased reliance on market mechanisms, private sources of funding, and new forms of university governance and management.
Liberal Arts vs. Applied Programming: The Evolution of University Programs in Manitoba
Authors: Smith Dan
Published: December 2020

This investigation seeks to develop data to help understand the direction being taken in university programming in Manitoba over a 35-year period in terms of the perception of alleged growth of the labour market orientation of universities. The impact of the political party in power is examined, as are features of the post-secondary program approval process developed by the intermediary agencies responsible for university matters in Manitoba. Findings suggest that new liberal arts, applied, and mixed programs have increased at roughly the same proportions over the 35-year period in question. Evidence is found, however, of a more recent emphasis on applied programming, supporting claims that university programming is increasingly becoming labour market oriented.