bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric Accuracy Prediction for Additive Manufacturing Through Machine Learning of Triangular Mesh Data
Authors: Decker Nathan , Huang Qiang
Published: November 2019

While additive manufacturing has seen tremendous growth in recent years, a number of challenges remain, including the presence of substantial geometric differences between a three dimensional (3D) printed part, and the shape that was intended. There are a number of approaches for addressing this issue, including statistical models that seek to account for errors caused by the geometry of the object being printed. Currently, these models are largely unable to account for errors generated in freeform 3D shapes. This paper proposes a new approach using machine learning with a set of predictors based on the geometric properties of the triangular mesh file used for printing. A direct advantage of this method is the simplicity with which it can describe important properties of a 3D shape and allow for predictive modeling of dimensional inaccuracies for complex parts. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, a sample dataset of 3D printed objects and their corresponding deviations was generated. This dataset was used to train a random forest machine learning model and generate predictions of deviation for a new object. These predicted deviations were found to compare favorably to the actual deviations, demonstrating the potential of this approach for applications in error prediction and compensation.
Simulation of Cutting Edge Wear Model Based on Chip Production Rate in Micro-Endmilling
Authors: Lee Jue-Hyun , Sodemann Angela A.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, simulation of cutting edge wear rate model based on the chip production rate in micro-endmilling is conducted in order to understand the state of the interaction between the tool and the workpiece. In micro-endmilling, the chip production rate changes due to the cutting edge wear and it can be explained by the minimum chip thickness effect. If the cutting edge radius increases due to the tool wear until the minimum chip thickness becomes larger than the uncut chip thickness, the chips will not be generated with the cutting tooth sliding on the workpiece. If the new tool with the sharp cutting edge is used, the chips will be generated without the cutting tooth sliding on the workpiece. From this point of view, the cutting edge wear could be observed by measuring the chip production rate in micro-endmilling. Therefore, the cutting edge wear rate model is proposed and the simulation of the cutting edge wear rate estimation is conducted. Our proposed cutting edge wear rate model could be used in improving the tool life and the surface quality by estimating the cutting edge wear rate.
Cumulative noise exposure model for outdoor shooting ranges
Authors: Wall Alan T. , Wagner Caleb M. , Rasband Reese D. , Gee Kent L. , Murphy William J.
Published: November 2019

An impulsive noise exposure model for outdoor military shooting ranges was created. The inputs to the model included spatial interpolation of noise exposure metrics measured from a single round of fire from a small-arms ballistic weapon. Energies from this single-shot model were spatially translated and summed to simulate multiple shooters firing multiple rounds based on the equal energy hypothesis for damage risk assessment. A validation measurement was performed, and the uncertainties associated with measurement and modeling were shown to be acceptably low. This model can predict and assess total exposures and protection measures for shooters, instructors, and other range personnel.
Examining physiological and perceptual consequences of noise exposure
Authors: Kamerer Aryn M. , Kopun Judy G. , Fultz Sara E. , Allen Carissa , Neely Stephen T. , Rasetshwane Daniel M.
Published: November 2019

The consequences of noise exposure on the auditory system are not entirely understood. In animals, noise exposure causes selective synaptopathy—an uncoupling of auditory nerve fibers from sensory cells—mostly in fibers that respond to high sound levels. Synaptopathy can be measured physiologically in animals, but a direct relationship between noise exposure and synaptopathy in humans has yet to be proven. Sources of variability, such as age, indirect measures of noise exposure, and comorbid auditory disorders, obfuscate attempts to find concrete relationships between noise exposure, synaptopathy, and perceptual consequences. This study adds to the ongoing effort by examining relationships between noise exposure, auditory brainstem response (ABR) amplitudes, and speech perception in adults of various ages and audiometric thresholds and a subset of younger adults with clinically normal hearing. Regression models including noise exposure, age, hearing thresholds, and sex as covariates were compared to find a best-fitting model of toneburst ABR wave I amplitude at two frequencies and word recognition performance in three listening conditions: background noise, time compression, and time compression with reverberation. The data suggest the possibility of detecting synaptopathy in younger adults using physiological measures, but that age and comorbid hearing disorders may hinder attempts to assess noise-induced synaptopathy.
Human exposures and their associated hearing loss profiles: Music industry professionals
Authors: Wartinger Frank , Malyuk Heather , Portnuff Cory D. F.
Published: November 2019

Music industry professionals represent a vulnerable population to music induced hearing disorders (MIHDs). In addition to the impacts that the development of hearing disorders secondary to noise exposure can have on quality of life and communication, MIHDs can impact the afflicted individual's professional performance, and in turn employability. Within the music industry there are individual and institutional barriers to traditional hearing conservation interventions. Pharmaceutical interventions for hearing loss could potentially address some of these barriers, yet there are significant considerations and cautions which should be addressed.
Blast-induced tinnitus: Animal models
Authors: Zhang Jinsheng
Published: November 2019

Blast-induced tinnitus is a prevalent problem among military personnel and veterans, as blast-related trauma damages the vulnerable microstructures within the cochlea, impacts auditory and non-auditory brain structures, and causes tinnitus and other disorders. Thus far, there is no effective treatment of blast-induced tinnitus due to an incomplete understanding of its underlying mechanisms, necessitating development of reliable animal models. This article focuses on recent animal studies using behavioral, electrophysiological, imaging, and pharmacological tools. The mechanisms underlying blast-induced tinnitus are largely similar to those underlying noise-induced tinnitus: increased spontaneous firing rates, bursting, and neurosynchrony, Mn++ accumulation, and elevated excitatory synaptic transmission. The differences mainly lie in the data variability and time course. Noise trauma-induced tinnitus mainly originates from direct peripheral deafferentation at the cochlea, and its etiology subsequently develops along the ascending auditory pathways. Blast trauma-induced tinnitus, on the other hand, results from simultaneous impact on both the peripheral and central auditory systems, and the resultant maladaptive neuroplasticity may also be related to the additional traumatic brain injury. Consequently, the neural correlates of blast-induced tinnitus have different time courses and less uniform manifestations of its neural correlates.
Auditory brainstem response demonstrates that reduced peripheral auditory input is associated with self-report of tinnitus
Authors: Bramhall Naomi F. , McMillan Garnett P. , Gallun Frederick J. , Konrad-Martin Dawn
Published: November 2019

Tinnitus is one of the predicted perceptual consequences of cochlear synaptopathy, a type of age-, noise-, or drug-induced auditory damage that has been demonstrated in animal models to cause homeostatic changes in central auditory gain. Although synaptopathy has been observed in human temporal bones, assessment of this condition in living humans is limited to indirect non-invasive measures such as the auditory brainstem response (ABR). In animal models, synaptopathy is associated with a reduction in ABR wave I amplitude at suprathreshold stimulus levels. Several human studies have explored the relationship between wave I amplitude and tinnitus, with conflicting results. This study investigates the hypothesis that reduced peripheral auditory input due to synaptic/neuronal loss is associated with tinnitus. Wave I amplitude data from 193 individuals [43 with tinnitus (22%), 150 without tinnitus (78%)], who participated in up to 3 out of 4 different studies, were included in a logistic regression analysis to estimate the relationship between wave I amplitude and tinnitus at a variety of stimulus levels and frequencies. Statistical adjustment for sex and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) was included. The results suggest that smaller wave I amplitudes and/or lower DPOAE levels are associated with an increased probability of tinnitus.
Characterization of acute hearing changes in United States military populations
Authors: Hecht Quintin A. , Hammill Tanisha L. , Calamia Paul T. , Smalt Christopher J. , Brungart Douglas S.
Published: November 2019

Until recently, most hearing conservation programs, including those in the military, have used permanent shifts in the pure-tone audiometric threshold as the gold standard for measuring hearing impairment in noise-exposed populations. However, recent results from animal studies suggest that high-level noise exposures can cause the permanent destruction of synapses between the inner hair cells and auditory nerve fibers, even in cases where pure-tone audiometric thresholds eventually return to their normal pre-exposure baselines. This has created a dilemma for researchers, who are now increasingly interested in studying the long-term effects that temporary hearing shifts might have on hearing function, but are also concerned about the ethical considerations of exposing human listeners to high levels of noise for research purposes. One method that remains viable to study the effects of high noise exposures on human listeners, or to evaluate the efficacy of interventions designed to prevent noise-related inner ear damage, is to identify individuals in occupations with unavoidable noise exposures and measure hearing before and as soon as possible after exposure. This paper discusses some of the important factors to be considered in studies that attempt to measure acute hearing changes in noise-exposed military populations.
Noise-induced hearing loss: Translating risk from animal models to real-world environments
Authors: Le Prell Colleen G. , Hammill Tanisha L. , Murphy William J.
Published: November 2019

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common injury for service members and civilians. Effective prevention of NIHL with drug agents would reduce the prevalence of NIHL. There are a host of challenges in translation of investigational new drug agents from animals into human clinical testing, however. Initial articles in this special issue describe common pre-clinical (animal) testing paradigms used to assess potential otoprotective drug agents and design-related factors that impact translation of promising agents into human clinical trials. Additional articles describe populations in which NIHL has a high incidence and factors that affect individual vulnerability. While otoprotective drugs will ultimately be developed for use by specific noise-exposed populations, there has been little effort to develop pre-clinical (animal) models that accurately model exposure hazards across diverse human populations. To facilitate advances in the translational framework for NIHL otoprotection in pre-clinical and clinical testing, the overarching goals of the current series are to (1) review the animal models that have been used, highlighting the relevance to the human populations of interest, (2) provide insight into the populations for whom pharmaceutical interventions might, or might not, be appropriate, and (3) highlight the factors that drive the significant individual variability observed in humans.
Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden
Authors: Themann Christa L. , Masterson Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2019

Exposure to hazardous noise is one of the most common occupational risks, both in the U.S. and worldwide. Repeated overexposure to noise at or above 85 dBA can cause permanent hearing loss, tinnitus, and difficulty understanding speech in noise. It is also associated with cardiovascular disease, depression, balance problems, and lower income. About 22 million U.S. workers are currently exposed to hazardous occupational noise. Approximately 33% of working-age adults with a history of occupational noise exposure have audiometric evidence of noise-induced hearing damage, and 16% of noise-exposed workers have material hearing impairment. While the Mining, Construction, and Manufacturing sectors typically have the highest prevalence of noise exposure and hearing loss, there are noise-exposed workers in every sector and every sector has workers with hearing loss. Noise-induced hearing loss is preventable. Increased understanding of the biological processes underlying noise damage may lead to protective pharmacologic or genetic therapies. For now, an integrated public health approach that (1) emphasizes noise control over reliance on hearing protection, (2) illustrates the full impact of hearing loss on quality of life, and (3) challenges the cultural acceptance of loud noise can substantially reduce the impact of noise on worker health.
Effects of a Concept-Based Physical Education on Middle School Students’ Knowledge, Motivation, and Out-of-School Physical Activity
Authors: Wang Yubing , Chen Ang
Published: November 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the extent to which a concept-based physical education curriculum, specifically the Science of Healthful Living (SHL) curriculum, influenced middle school students’ knowledge, motivation for physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA), and out-of-school PA.Methods: A static group comparison design was adopted to analyze the differences on fitness knowledge, autonomous motivation for PE and PA, and out-of-school PA between eighth-grade students who studied the SHL curriculum (the experimental condition,n = 168) and their peers who studied a multiactivity PE (the control condition,n = 226) 1 year earlier.Results: The students who studied the SHL curriculum demonstrated significantly higher levels of knowledge (p < .05, Cohend = 0.81), autonomous motivation toward PA (p < .05, Cohend = 0.20), and out-of-school PA (p < .05, Mann–WhitneyUeffect size = 0.01) than students who had experienced the multiactivity PE. The students in both conditions were equally motivated in their respective PE courses.Conclusion: The SHL curriculum is effective in promoting students’ PA behavior outside of the school.
Breaking the Convention: Sialoglycan Variants, Coreceptors, and Alternative Receptors for Influenza A Virus Entry
Authors: Karakus Umut , Pohl Marie O. , Stertz Silke
Published: November 2019

The influenza A virus (IAV) envelope protein hemagglutinin binds α2,6- or α2,3-linked sialic acid as a host cell receptor. Bat IAV subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 form an exception to this rule and do not bind sialic acid but enter cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II.
Murine Model for the Study of Influenza D Virus
Authors: Oliva J. , Mettier J. , Sedano L. , Delverdier M. , Bourgès-Abella N. , Hause B. , Loupias J. , Pardo I. , Bleuart C. , Bordignon P. J. , Meunier E. , Le Goffic R. , Meyer G. , Ducatez M. F.
Published: November 2019

Influenza D virus (IDV), a new genus of
Orthomyxoviridae
family, presents a large host range and a worldwide circulation. The pathogenicity of this virus has been studied in the calf model. The mouse model is frequently used to enable a first assessment of a pathogen
’
s fitness, replication, and pathogenesis for influenza A and B viruses. We showed that DBA/2 mice are a relevant
in vivo
model for the study of IDV replication. This model will allow for rapid IDV fitness and replication evaluation and will enable phenotypic comparisons between isolated viruses. It will also allow for a better understanding of the immune response induced after IDV infection.
Severe illness getting noticed sooner – SIGNS-for-Kids: developing an illness recognition tool to connect home and hospital
Authors: Gilleland Jonathan , Bayfield David , Bayliss Ann , Dryden-Palmer Karen , Fawcett-Arsenault Joelle , Gordon Michelle , Hartfield Dawn , Iacolucci Anthony , Jones Melissa , Ladouceur Lisa , McNamara Martin , Middaugh Kristen , Moore Gregory , Murray Sean , Noble Joanna , Singh Simran , Stuart-Minaret Jane , Williams Carla , Parshuram Christopher S
Published: November 2019

Background

Delays to definitive treatment for time-sensitive acute paediatric illnesses continue to be a cause of death and disability in the Canadian healthcare system. Our aim was to develop the SIGNS-for-Kids illness recognition tool to empower parents and other community caregivers to recognise the signs and symptoms of severe illness in infants and children. The goal of the tool is improved detection and reduced time to treatment of acute conditions that require emergent medical attention.

Methods

A single-day consensus workshop consisting of a 17-member panel of parents and multidisciplinary healthcare experts with content expertise and/or experience managing children with severe acute illnesses was held. An a priori agreement of ≥85% was planned for the final iteration SIGNS-for-Kids tool elements by the end of the workshop.

Results

One hundred percent consensus was achieved on a five-item tool distilled from 20 initial items at the beginning of the consensus workshop. The final items included four child-based items consisting of: (1) behaviour, (2) breathing, (3) skin, and (4) fluids, and one context-based item and (5) response to rescue treatments.

Conclusions

Specific cues of urgent child illness were identified as part of this initial development phase. These cues were integrated into a comprehensive tool designed for parents and other lay caregivers to recognise the signs of serious acute illness and initiate medical attention in an undifferentiated population of infants and children. Future validation and optimisation of the tool are planned.
A mixed methods study examining teamwork shared mental models of interprofessional teams during hospital discharge
Authors: Manges Kirstin , Groves Patricia S , Farag Amany , Peterson Ryan , Harton Joanna , Greysen S Ryan
Published: November 2019

Background

Little is known about how team processes impact providers’ abilities to prepare patients for a safe hospital discharge. Teamwork Shared Mental Models (teamwork-SMMs) are the teams’ organised understanding of individual member’s roles, interactions and behaviours needed to perform a task like hospital discharge. Teamwork-SMMs are linked to team effectiveness in other fields, but have not been readily investigated in healthcare. This study examines teamwork-SMMs to understand how interprofessional teams coordinate care when discharging patients.

Methods

This mixed methods study examined teamwork-SMMs of inpatient interprofessional discharge teams at a single hospital. For each discharge event, we collected data from the patient and their discharge team (nurse, physician and coordinator) using interviews and questionnaires. We quantitatively determined the discharge teams’ teamwork-SMM components of quality and convergence using the Shared Mental Model Scale, and then explored their relationships to patient-reported preparation for posthospital care. We used qualitative thematic analysis of narrative cases to examine the contextual differences of discharge teams with higher versus lower teamwork-SMMs.

Results

The sample included a total of 106 structured patient interviews, 192 provider day-of-discharge questionnaires and 430 observation hours to examine 64 discharge events. We found that inpatient teams with better teamwork-SMMs (ie, higher perceptions of teamwork quality or greater convergence) were more effective at preparing patients for post-hospital care. Additionally, teams with high and low teamwork-SMMs had different experiences with team cohesion, communication openness and alignment on the patient situation.

Conclusions

Examining the quality and agreement of teamwork-SMMs among teams provides a better understanding of how teams coordinate care and may facilitate the development of specific team-based interventions to improve patient care at hospital discharge.
Genetic variants in incident SUDEP cases from a community-based prospective cohort with epilepsy
Authors: Ge Yan , Ding Ding , Zhu Guoxing , Kwan Patrick , Wang Wenzhi , Hong Zhen , Sander Josemir W
Published: November 2019

Objective

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading cause of epilepsy-related mortality in young adults. It has been suggested that SUDEP may kill over 20 000 people with epilepsy in China yearly. The aetiology of SUDEP is unclear. Little is known about candidate genes for SUDEP in people of Chinese origin as most studies have ascertained this in Caucasians. No candidate genes for SUDEP in Chinese people have been identified.

Methods

We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in DNA samples collected from five incident cases of SUDEP identified in a large epilepsy cohort in rural China. We filtered rare variants identified from these cases as well as screened for SUDEP, epilepsy, heart disease or respiratory disease-related genes from previous published reports and compared them with publicly available data, living epilepsy controls and ethnicity-match non-epilepsy controls, to identify potential candidate genes for SUDEP.

Results

After the filtering process, the five cases carried 168 qualified mutations in 167 genes. Among these genetic anomalies, we identified rare variants inSCN5A(1/5:20% in our cases),KIF6(1/5:20% in our cases) andTBX18(1/5:20% in our cases) which were absent in 330 living epilepsy control alleles from the same original cohort and 320 ethnicity-match non-epilepsy control alleles.

Conclusions

These three genes were previously related to heart disease, providing support to the hypothesis that underlying heart disorder may be a driver of SUDEP risk.
Control-flow analysis of procedural skills competencies in medical training through process mining
Authors: de la Fuente Rene , Fuentes Ricardo , Munoz-Gama Jorge , Riquelme Arnoldo , Altermatt Fernando R , Pedemonte Juan , Corvetto Marcia , Sepúlveda Marcos
Published: November 2019

Background

Procedural skills are key to good clinical results, and training in them involves a significant amount of resources. Control-flow analysis (ie, the order in which a process is performed) can provide new information for those who train and plan procedural training. This study outlines the steps required for control-flow analysis using process mining techniques in training in an ultrasound-guided internal jugular central venous catheter placement using a simulation.

Methods

A reference process model was defined through a Delphi study, and execution data (event logs) were collected from video recordings from pretraining (PRE), post-training (POST) and expert (EXP) procedure executions. The analysis was performed to outline differences between the model and executions. We analysed rework (activity repetition), alignment-based fitness (conformance with the ideal model) and trace alignment analysis (visual ordering pattern similarities).

Results

Expert executions do not present repetition of activities (rework). The POST rework is lower than the PRE, concentrated in the steps of the venous puncture and guidewire placement. The adjustment to the ideal model measure as alignment-based fitness, expressed as a median (25th–75th percentile) of PRE 0.74 (0.68–0.78) is less than POST 0.82 (0.76–0.86) and EXP 0.87 (0.82–0.87). There are no significant differences between POST and EXP. The graphic analysis of alignment and executions shows a progressive increase in order from PRE to EXP executions.

Conclusion

Process mining analysis is able to pinpoint more difficult steps, assess the concordance between reference mode and executions, and identify control-flow patterns in procedural training courses.
Delayed recovery from general anaesthesia associated with pre‐existing neurological disease in a horse
Authors: Lord Samuel , Hahn Caroline , Pollock Patrick J , Duncan Juliet Clare
Published: November 2019

A seven‐year‐old gelding presented for surgical management of right‐sided olecranon bursitis. Preanaesthetic examination revealed a right‐sided head tilt which had been present since birth. General anaesthesia and surgery went smoothly without incident. Recovery was prolonged and the horse made no attempt to stand despite regaining motor function consistent with recovery from general anaesthesia. Increasingly loud auditory stimuli and mild physical stimuli yielded no attempt to move into sternal recumbency or stand. After over two hours in the recovery box an equine neurologist suggested a diagnosis of vestibular disease and proposed that without a horizon the horse would not be able to orientate itself, therefore advising that the horse be shown the horizon. The outside recovery box door was opened allowing the horse to see the horizon, on which the horse made an immediate coordinated attempt to stand, standing successfully on its first attempt.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on visceral fat in diet-induced obesity model
Authors: de Mello Aline Haas , Schraiber Rosiane de Bona , Goldim Mariana Pereira de Souza , Mathias Khiany , Mendes Carolini , Corrêa Maria Eduarda Anastácio Borges , Gomes Maria Luiza , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock , Schuck Patrícia Fernanda , Petronilho Fabricia , Rezin Gislaine Tezza
Published: November 2019

This study evaluated the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on oxidative stress and energy metabolism parameters in the visceral fat of a high-fat-diet induced obesity model. Energy intake, body mass, and visceral fat mass were also evaluated. Male Swiss mice received either a control diet (control group) or a high-fat diet (obese group) for 6 weeks. After this period, the groups were divided into control + saline, control + omega-3, obese + saline, and obese + omega-3, and to these groups 400 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1of fish oil (or saline) was administered orally, for 4 weeks. Energy intake and body mass were monitored throughout the experiment. In the 10th week, the animals were euthanized and the visceral fat (mesenteric) was removed. Treatment with omega-3 PUFAs did not affect energy intake or body mass, but it did reduced visceral fat mass. In visceral fat, omega-3 PUFAs reduced oxidative damage and alleviated changes to the antioxidant defense system and the Krebs cycle. The mitochondrial respiratory chain was neither altered by obesity nor by omega-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, omega-3 PUFAs have beneficial effects on the visceral fat of obese mice because they mitigate changes caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet.
Characterization of 30 $$^{76}$$Ge enriched Broad Energy Ge detectors for GERDA Phase II
Authors:   GERDA Collaboration, Agostini M. , Bakalyarov A. M. , Andreotti E. , Balata M. , Barabanov I. , Baudis L. , Barros N. , Bauer C. , Bellotti E. , Belogurov S. , Benato G. , Bettini A. , Bezrukov L. , Bode T. , Borowicz D. , Brudanin V. , Brugnera R. , Budjáš D. , Caldwell A. , Cattadori C. , Chernogorov A. , D’Andrea V. , Demidova E. V. , Di Marco N. , Domula A. , Doroshkevich E. , Egorov V. , Falkenstein R. , Freund K. , Gangapshev A. , Garfagnini A. , Gooch C. , Grabmayr P. , Gurentsov V. , Gusev K. , Hakenmüller J. , Hegai A. , Heisel M. , Hemmer S. , Hiller R. , Hofmann W. , Hult M. , Inzhechik L. V. , Csáthy J. Janicskó , Jochum J. , Junker M. , Kazalov V. , Kermaïdic Y. , Kihm T. , Kirpichnikov I. V. , Kirsch A. , Kish A. , Klimenko A. , Kneißl R. , Knöpfle K. T. , Kochetov O. , Kornoukhov V. N. , Kuzminov V. V. , Laubenstein M. , Lazzaro A. , Lehnert B. , Liao Y. , Lindner M. , Lippi I. , Lubashevskiy A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lutter G. , Macolino C. , Majorovits B. , Maneschg W. , Marissens G. , Miloradovic M. , Mingazheva R. , Misiaszek M. , Moseev P. , Nemchenok I. , Panas K. , Pandola L. , Pelczar K. , Pullia A. , Ransom C. , Riboldi S. , Rumyantseva N. , Sada C. , Salamida F. , Salathe M. , Schmitt C. , Schneider B. , Schönert S. , Schütz A.-K. , Schulz O. , Schwingenheuer B. , Selivanenko O. , Shevchik E. , Shirchenko M. , Simgen H. , Smolnikov A. , Stanco L. , Vanhoefer L. , Vasenko A. A. , Veresnikova A. , von Sturm K. , Wagner V. , Wegmann A. , Wester T. , Wiesinger C. , Wojcik M. , Yanovich E. , Zhitnikov I. , Zhukov S. V. , Zinatulina D. , Zsigmond A. J. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G.
Published: November 2019

The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) is a low background experiment located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, which searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay of$$^{76}$$76Ge into$$^{76}$$76Se+2e$$^-$$-.Gerdahas been conceived in two phases. Phase II, which started in December 2015, features several novelties including 30 new76Ge enriched detectors. These were manufactured according to the Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector design that has a better background discrimination capability and energy resolution compared to formerly widely-used types. Prior to their installation, the new BEGe detectors were mounted in vacuum cryostats and characterized in detail in theHadesunderground laboratory in Belgium. This paper describes the properties and the overall performance of these detectors during operation in vacuum. The characterization campaign provided not only direct input forGerdaPhase II data collection and analyses, but also allowed to study detector phenomena, detector correlations as well as to test the accuracy of pulse shape simulation codes.
Erratum to: Entropy of self-gravitating anisotropic matter
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Chan , Lee Youngone
Published: November 2019

The equation (45) should read.
Experimental Study on Damage Characteristics of CFRPs/Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Structure Impacted by Ultra-High Speed Under High and Low Temperatures
Authors: Tang Enling , Zhang Xiaoqi , Han Yafei
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of material science, the original aluminum alloy shield structure of spacecraft has been gradually replaced by sandwiched structure of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite structure with aluminum honeycomb. In order to reveal the damage characteristics induced by debris impacting on shield structure of spacecraft and aiming at the engineering requirements that spacecraft undergo alternately high and low temperature environment during on-orbit operation, CFRPs/aluminum honeycomb core sandwich shield structure is used as the impact object. The damage characteristics of 2A12 aluminum projectile impacting on CFRPs/aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure with different aluminum honeycomb arm lengths at different impact velocities are studied by using the high and low temperature system for the target and the loading system of two-stage light gas gun. The experimental results show that the arm lengths of aluminum honeycomb have little effect on the perforation area of front and rear surfaces of CFRPs/aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure at high temperature, but the impact speed has a great effect on the perforation areas of front and rear surfaces of rear panels. The lower the impact speed is, the smaller the perforation diameter is. The deformation and ablation areas of the front and rear surfaces of the aluminum honeycomb increase with the increasing of the arm length of the aluminum honeycomb. At the same time, the physical quantities mentioned above have similar changes in low temperature environment. The fitting formulas, such as the relationships among perforations of the front and rear surfaces of CFRP and the arm lengths of aluminum honeycomb, and ablation area of aluminum honeycomb and the arm lengths of aluminum honeycomb are given at the given experimental conditions. The micro-morphology and damage characteristics of the panels and aluminum honeycomb are analyzed at the different locations near the impact point at high temperature.
Solve for Good
Authors: Ghani Rayid , Green Lisa , Bengoa Alberto , Shah Mohak
Published: November 2019

Solve for Good is a platform for social good organizations to pose their problems that need data intensive help, and for volunteers to help solve those problems. Once the projects are submitted by the organization, they go through a scoping process (done by scoping volunteers and guided by our Data Science Scoping Process). Once a project scope is finalized, it becomes available for data science volunteers to start working on. The finished work is reviewed by a QA team consisting of volunteers and staff of the organization that submitted the project.

Solve for Good comes out of our experience working with government agencies, non-profits, universities, volunteers, professionals, students, and the private sector over the last several years. We repeatedly get contacted by governments, non-profits, and other social good organizations asking for help with data projects. We also have smart, passionate individuals who contact us offering their help, often in a volunteer capacity, on weekends, evenings, or for a few days or weeks. Solve for Good is our attempt at linking these two. We are just starting out, and looking for help in doing this better, and getting feedback from you. Join us at http://www.solveforgood.org as a volunteer to help solve problems, as an organization to submit problems, as partners to help us expand the platform and provide resources to run it, and as corporations or foundations to loan volunteers and donate resources used in solving these problems.
Machine learning for streaming data
Authors: Gomes Heitor Murilo , Read Jesse , Bifet Albert , Barddal Jean Paul , Gama João
Published: November 2019

Incremental learning, online learning, and data stream learning are terms commonly associated with learning algorithms that update their models given a continuous influx of data without performing multiple passes over data. Several works have been devoted to this area, either directly or indirectly as characteristics of big data processing, i.e., Velocity and Volume. Given the current industry needs, there are many challenges to be addressed before existing methods can be efficiently applied to real-world problems. In this work, we focus on elucidating the connections among the current stateof- the-art on related fields; and clarifying open challenges in both academia and industry. We treat with special care topics that were not thoroughly investigated in past position and survey papers. This work aims to evoke discussion and elucidate the current research opportunities, highlighting the relationship of different subareas and suggesting courses of action when possible.
Tracking and analyzing dynamics of news-cycles during global pandemics
Authors: Amiri Sorour E. , Tabassum Anika , Ewing E. Thomas , Prakash B. Aditya
Published: November 2019

How does the tone of reporting during a disease outbreak change in relation to the number of cases, categories of victims, and accumulating deaths? How do newspapers and medical journals contribute to the narrative of a historical pandemic? Can data mining experts help history scholars to scale up the process of examining articles, extracting new insights and understanding the public opinion of a pandemic? We explore these problems in this paper, using the 19thcentury Russian Flu epidemic as an example. We study two different types of historical data sources: the US medical discussion and popular reporting during the epidemic, from its outbreak in late 1889 through the successive waves that lasted through 1893. We analyze and compare these articles and reports to answer three major questions. First, we analyze how newspapers and medical journals report the Russian flu and describe the situation. Next, we help historians in understanding the tone of related reports and how they vary across data sources. We also examine the temporal changes in the discussion to get an in-depth understanding of how public opinion changed about the pandemic. Finally, we aggregate all of the algorithms in an easy to use framework GrippeStory to help history scholars investigate historical pandemic data in general, across chronological periods and locations. Our extensive experiments and analysis on a large number of historical articles show that GrippeStory gives meaningful and useful results for historians and it outperforms the baselines.
MCP-1 mediates ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via MCPIP1 and CaSR
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhu Tiebing , Chen Lulu , Luo Wei , Chao Jie
Published: November 2019

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the detailed mechanism of MCP-1 in I/R injury-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we explored the cascade downstream of I/R-induced MCP-1 that modulates cell apoptosis and determined whether Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) are involved in the process. Protein levels were detected in a cardiac muscle cell line (HL-1) and primary cultured neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Released MCP-1 was detected using ELISA. Both Hoechst staining and flow cytometry methods were used to measure cell apoptosis. Specific pharmacological inhibitors of CC chemokine receptor 2 (RS-102895) and CaSR (NPS-2143) as well as a CaSR activator (evocalcet) were applied to confirm the roles of these factors in I/R-induced cell apoptosis. I/R inhibited cell viability and upregulated cell apoptosis. Moreover, I/R induced the release of MCP-1 from both HL-1 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Further research confirmed that CaSR acted as an upstream effector of monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) and coordinately regulated cell apoptosis, which was verified by addition of an inhibitor or activator of CaSR. Moreover, MCPIP1 induced cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress but not autophagy induced by I/R. Based on these findings, I/R-induced MCP-1 release regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the MCPIP1 and CaSR pathways, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for I/R injury.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 release regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) and Ca2+-sensing receptor pathway. The functional changes mediated by MCPIP1 involve the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, but not the autophagy pathway, after I/R injury.
The implementation of physiological afterload during ex situ heart perfusion augments prediction of posttransplant function
Authors: Gellner Bryan , Xin Liming , Pinto Ribeiro Roberto Vanin , Bissoondath Ved , Adamson Mitchell B. , Yu Frank , Lu Pengzhou , Paradiso Emanuela , Mbadjeu Hondjeu Arnaud Romeo , Simmons Craig A. , Badiwala Mitesh V.
Published: November 2019

Ex situ heart perfusion (ex situ heart perfusion) is an emerging technique that aims to increase the number of organs available for transplantation by augmenting both donor heart preservation and evaluation. Traditionally, ex situ heart perfusion has been performed in an unloaded Langendorff mode, though more recently groups have begun to use pump-supported working mode (PSWM) and passive afterload working mode (PAWM) to enable contractile evaluation during ex situ heart perfusion. To this point, however, neither the predictive effectiveness of the two working modes nor the predictive power of individual contractile parameters has been analyzed. In this article, we use our previously described system to analyze the predictive relevance of a multitude of contractile parameters measured in each working mode. Ten porcine hearts were excised and perfused ex situ in Langendorff mode for 4 h, evaluated using pressure-volume catheterization in both PSWM and PAWM, and transplanted into size-matched recipient pigs. After 3 h, hearts were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and evaluated. When correlating posttransplant measurements to their ex situ counterparts, we report that parameters measured in both modes show sufficient power (Spearman rank coefficient > 0.7) in predicting global posttransplant function, characterized by cardiac index and preload recruitable stroke work. For the prediction of specific posttransplant systolic and diastolic function, however, a large discrepancy between the two working modes was observed. With 9 of 10 measured posttransplant parameters showing stronger correlation with counterparts measured in PAWM, it is concluded that PAWM allows for a more detailed and nuanced prediction of posttransplant function than can be made in PSWM.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ex situ heart perfusion has been proposed as a means to augment the organ donor pool by improving organ preservation and evaluation between donation and transplantation. Using our multimodal perfusion system, we analyzed the impact of using a “passive afterload working mode” for functional evaluation as compared with the more traditional “pump-supported working mode.” Our data suggests that passive afterload working mode allows for a more nuanced prediction of posttransplant function in porcine hearts.
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 prevents heart failure by regulating cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis
Authors: Nakamura Yuto , Kita Shunbun , Tanaka Yoshimitsu , Fukuda Shiro , Obata Yoshinari , Okita Tomonori , Kawachi Yusuke , Tsugawa-Shimizu Yuri , Fujishima Yuya , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Miyagawa Shigeru , Sawa Yoshiki , Sehara-Fujisawa Atsuko , Maeda Norikazu , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: November 2019

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)12 is considered to promote cardiac dysfunction based on the finding that a small-molecule ADAM12 inhibitor, KB-R7785, ameliorated cardiac function in a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model by inhibiting the proteolytic activation of heparin-binding-EGF signaling. However, this compound has poor selectivity for ADAM12, and the role of ADAM12 in cardiac dysfunction has not yet been investigated using genetic loss-of-function mice. We revealed that ADAM12 knockout mice showed significantly more advanced cardiac hypertrophy and higher mortality rates than wild-type mice 4 wk after TAC surgery. An ADAM12 deficiency resulted in significantly more expanded cardiac fibrosis accompanied by increased collagen-related gene expression in failing hearts. The results of a genome-wide transcriptional analysis suggested a strongly enhanced focal adhesion- and fibrosis-related signaling pathway in ADAM12 knockout hearts. The loss of ADAM12 increased the abundance of the integrinβ1 subunit and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor types I and III, and this was followed by the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, ERK, and Smad2/3 in the heart, which resulted in cardiac dysfunction. The present results revealed that the loss of ADAM12 enhanced focal adhesion and canonical TGF-β signaling by regulating the abundance of the integrinβ1 and TGF-β receptors.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY In contrast to a long-believed cardio-damaging role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)12, cardiac hypertrophy was more severe, cardiac function was lower, and mortality was higher in ADAM12 knockout mice than in wild-type mice after transverse aortic constriction surgery. The loss of ADAM12 enhanced focal adhesion- and fibrosis-related signaling pathways in the heart, which may compromise cardiac function. These results provide insights for the development of novel therapeutics that target ADAM12 to treat heart failure.
Cerebral blood flow responses to exercise are enhanced in left ventricular assist device patients after an exercise rehabilitation program
Authors: Smith Kurt J. , Moreno-Suarez Ignacio , Scheer Anna , Dembo Lawrence , Naylor Louise H. , Maiorana Andrew J. , Green Daniel J.
Published: November 2019

Cerebral blood flow during exercise is impaired in patients with heart failure implanted with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Our aim was to determine whether a 3-mo exercise training program could mitigate cerebrovascular dysfunction. Internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow and intracranial middle (MCA v) and posterior cerebral (PCA v) artery velocities were measured continuously using Doppler ultrasound, alongside cardiorespiratory measures at rest and in response to an incremental cycle ergometer exercise protocol in 12 LVAD participants (5 female, 53.6 ± 11.8 yr; 84.2 ± 15.7 kg; 1.73 ± 0.08) pre- (PreTR) and post- (PostTR) completion of a 3-mo supervised exercise rehabilitation program. At rest, only PCAv was different PostTR (38.1 ± 10.4 cm/s) compared with PreTR (43.0 ± 10.8 cm/s; P < 0.05). PreTR, the reduction in PCAv observed from rest to exercise (5.2 ± 1.8%) was mitigated PostTR ( P < 0.001). Similarly, exercise training enhanced ICA flow during submaximal exercise (~8.6 ± 13.7%), resulting in increased ICA flow PostTR compared with a reduced flow PreTR ( P < 0.001). Although both end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and mean arterial pressure responses during incremental exercise were greater PostTR than PreTR, only the improved [Formula: see text] was related to the improved ICA flow ( R2 = 0.14; P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that short-term exercise training improves cerebrovascular function during exercise in patients with LVADs. This finding should encourage future studies investigating long-term exercise training and cerebral and peripheral vascular adaptation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Left ventricular assist devices, now used as destination therapy in end-stage heart failure, enable patients to undertake rehabilitative exercise training. We show, for the first time in humans, that training improves cerebrovascular function during exercise in patients with left ventricular assist devices. This finding may have implications for cerebrovascular health in patients with heart failure.