bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR CHEAP LABOUR
Authors: V. M. TRIPATHI et al.
Published: June 2023

Physical and sexual violence are common forms of abuse that those impacted by human trafficking face. The growing collection of research reveals that victims of extreme abuse often suffer from serious and long-lasting health consequences. Fractures, gashes, and mutilations, along with persistent discomfort and headaches, dramatic weight loss, and signs of chronic and infectious illnesses, have all been connected to trafficking. Women who have been trafficked or who have been the victims of sexual assault or abuse may have issues related to reproduction and sex. Mental health issues, including such comment stress disorder, melancholy, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts, are among trafficking's long-term effects on health.
DRUGS AND YOUTH – GROWING NEXUS OF CRIME AND LEGAL REDRESSAL
Authors: BHANU PRATAP SINGH et al.
Published: June 2023

Teenage drug abuse is on the increase throughout India. Drug and other psychotropic substance usage is a major problem, with over 90% of users being under the age of 25. Teens with substance abuse problems, such as those caused by cigarettes, narcotics, or alcohol, are more likely to engage in criminal activity. These drugs may make a person angry to the point where they commit horrible crimes including rapes, murders, and other forms of sexual violence. India is experiencing an addiction crisis. Almost three-quarters, or seventy-five percent, of Punjab's youth are severely dependent on narcotics. Cities like Mumbai and Hyderabad are gaining popularity as well as a notoriety for being drug hubs in India. Drug and alcohol abuse are now embedded in the fabric of our society.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE CUSTOMARY JURISDICTION OF THE DAYAK TRIBE COMMUNITIES OF WEST KALIMANTAN
Authors: NUR ROCHAETI, M. HAFIDH PRASETYO, KADEK CAHYA SUSILA WIBAWA
Published: June 2023

This study aims to investigate the application of restorative justice within the customary legal systems of communities belonging to the Dayak tribe in the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. The villages that are part of the Dayak tribe have a long-standing tradition of settling disagreements via various sacraments and rituals, including restorative justice. On the other hand, customary practices are increasingly disappearing due to the growing impact of recent legislation and the government's legal system. This investigation is carried out with Socio-Legal Research, with data being gathered through semi-structured interviews and various observational techniques. Traditional community leaders, community members, and persons previously participating in restorative justice are among the participants. Despite the growing influence of modern law, the findings of this research demonstrate that groups within the Dayak tribe continue to use restorative justice techniques. Many people believe that using restorative justice to resolve conflicts and preserve communal harmony is a beneficial strategy. The community members value the participation of traditional leaders in the process of restorative justice since these leaders are regarded as being objective and competent. The research also emphasizes specific problems experienced by the communities that are a part of the Dayak tribe in implementing restorative justice. These challenges include limited resources and the growing influence of modern law. Despite this, the people who live in the village continue to acknowledge the significance of the traditional rituals and have expressed a commitment to maintaining them.
MODEL FOR LEGAL SETTLEMENT ON DAMAGE TO THE TANJUNG PANJANG NATURE RESERVE IN POHUWATO REGENCY
Authors: DIAN EKAWATY ISMAIL et al.
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to identify and analyze, as well as formulate a settlement model for damage to the conservation forest of the Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve in Pohuwato Regency. It uses statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. An offer of model for law enforcement against damage to the Tanjung Panjang nature reserve in Pohuwato Regency can be built using a preventive, repressive and persuasive approach. A preventive approach will help prevent damage to the environment and natural resources in the Tanjung Panjang nature reserve. A repressive approach will provide strict sanctions for perpetrators of activities that damage nature reserves, so as to reduce the frequency of violations. Meanwhile, a persuasive approach will help build awareness and cooperation with the community around the nature reserve, so as to increase community participation in protecting and preserving the nature reserve. In practice, this model can be implemented through close coordination between law enforcement officials, local governments, stakeholders and the community.
POLITICAL OPPOSITION IN ISLAMIC POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SETIA GUMILAR, FAUZAN ALI RASYID, ABAS HIDAYAT
Published: June 2023

Democracy is a political system that provides space for the opposition because the basis of democracy is the existence of popular sovereignty and freedom. Furthermore, people have the right to participate in political decision-making and win the course of the government. Related to the democratic system, it can be transparent, human, and constitutional. On the other hand, Islamic politics is built with Islamic values that emphasize the people's welfare in the democratic system in Indonesia. Likewise, the actions of the opposition are included in the study of Islamic politics. This research intends to see Indonesia's political opposition from the perspective of Islamic politics. Qualitative and systematic literature review methods are considered appropriate in examining political conflict from an Islamic political perspective. The results of the study stated that in Islamic politics, the people/people were agreed to obey the leaders or the government. However, Muslims are obliged to give advice or ask for permission from the leaders or the government  to apply a mistake or wrongdoer. Thus, the political exclusion is a noble political policy, including even the superior people, because they believe in the leaders or the government for wrong behavior. The agreed opposition was for the others: first, Amar Makruf and prevent sleaze. Second, oppose upholding justice. Third, the opposition is for the benefit of the people. Four, Opposition and constitutional;opposition is done politely andgently.
SUPERSTRUCTURE OF AUSTRALIAN CAPITALIST SOCIETY AND GENOCIDE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: GARY LILIENTHAL, NEHALUDDIN AHMAD
Published: June 2023

The overall research objective of this paper is to critically examine the superstructure of capitalist society. The research question asks about genocide in Australia. Argument will seek to sustain the view that genocide in Australia is a legal contradiction in the superstructure. The chapter’s research methodology critically examines Marxian analytic commentary on the capitalist superstructure. The research is doctrinal, deploying the best available evidence, and developing new knowledge by the generation of syntheses, and in conclusion, by the development of extended syntheses. Recognized rules which appeared in different superstructures might be detected, not only in the realm of law, but also in other superstructural phenomena, for instance the moral rules. Contemporary imperialist international law has transformed into the superstructural phenomena of international arbitrariness and lawlessness. The condition of independence does not in fact exist during the period of imperialism. Sovereignty has thus become a superstructural phenomenon of a merely banal slogan of self-determination, typified by imperialist genocide. Pure thinking that exposed active concealment of the superstructure’s contradictions would appear and be interpreted as active opposition to the ruling elites. These contradictions constituted false consciousness of sentiments, illusions, modes of thought, and views of life, with the minds of the dominant social class transforming them into eternal laws of nature and of reason. The superstructure excluded free ritual in conjunction with ancient custom, therefore also excluding science from the elites’ superstructure, thereby negating indigenous social systems. Contradictions within the culture were intentionally developed by ideologists in the ruling class, because any false consciousness would work to the commercial advantage of the ruling class, and be apparent as ideological and banal clichés. Benhabib reasoned that the so-called ‘banality of evil’, for example, can also be seen as the ‘routinization of evil’, or its everydayness.
THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN INVENTOR LEGAL STUDY
Authors: AHMED MOUSTAFA ALDABOUSI
Published: June 2023

This article discusses a new challenge to the legal rules governing patent, in the event that innovation is patented by Artificial Intelligence (AI), innovations that would have more capabilities than humanity can ever boast, and thus, be able to innovate without resorting to the human element.

One of the most important concerns in granting a patent to AI is that the legalities of the rules governing the granting of a patent required that the “person” who obtains it, be a natural or moral person. Moreover, to whom will the ownership transfers of the financial rights associated with the patent will go? Is it to the user utilizing the AI? Or the programmer who created it?

The study recommends that these problems be addressed through, amending the legal texts in such a way as to help AI obtain an electronic legal personality, as such obtained by the moral person, and altering the standards of authenticity of innovation in place of a patent.
DUE PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF COUNTER-TERRORISM “A CASE STUDY FROM IRAQ”
Authors: BASSIM JAMEEL HUSAIN ALMUSAWI
Published: June 2023

This article provides a critical assessment of the current Iraqi criminal justice process, in counter-terrorism context to give an answer to the question of whether the approach of Iraqi legislator in criminal proceedings meets requirements of security in confrontation against terrorist and international law of human rights. The paper reveals that, there are many welcome procedures on the safeguard of rights and liberties to strike a right balance between providing due process and securing security of citizens while fighting terrorism. However, the problem is the difficulties faced by the state in its endeavor to secure national security against one of the most serious terrorist crimes. What follow is that it may be difficult for security authorities during dealing with these crimes to cope with or realize the wide standards of procedural safeguards and human rights for persons whom may be subjected to criminal investigations. This paper proposes that it may be well to enact new legal provisions or special Act that can expressly provide police with wide-ranging powers so as to arrive the correct strategy in the criminal confrontation against terrorism in the light of international standards. The study adopts qualitative research methods of a doctrinal nature by the analytical method of texts and legal regulations as well as the comparative method is useful to have some lessons from different attitudes by comparing the different legislations of some countries in dealing with the subject.
THE MOTIVATION OF THE LEARNER MANAGER IN TRANSPORTS AND LOGISTICS BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL LITERACY: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: SHAHID HUSSAIN, ABDUL RASHEED
Published: June 2023

On condition that there is atheoretical dialogue approximately the spirit of finance, managers and marketers, specifically, novices, revel in the need to gather practical and primary information on financial control. Financial expertise enables humans to experience extra dedication and concern in an employer. In our view, an executive does higher as soon as he knows how economic achievement is computed and in what way he affects the firm's overall performance. Herein example, we communicate approximately the financial literacy of a manager. The consequences of this research article monitor the impact of the non-public features of undergraduate college students on the performance of obtaining financial topics. Seventy-eight members were employed for current research from shipping and enterprise logistics programs and commercial enterprise management programs. The achievement of financial literacy among the student populace becomes studied via examining consequences for financial contents and the function of Achievement inspiration, its additives and highbrow competencies of learning managers, and transport and logistic managers for organizations. The consequences of this paper imply that striving for attainment is one of the leading motivational elements for achieving economic literacy and improving financial management talents.
AUGMENTED REALITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN THE CHIMBORAZO WILDLIFE PRODUCTION RESERVE
Authors: JOSÉ FERNANDO ESPARZA PARRA et al.
Published: June 2023

This work presents the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), with the aim of designing a digital product for the tourism promotion of theChimborazo Fauna Production Reserve, during the process the new trends in marketing and tourism promotion helped by ICT and their evolution over time were taken into consideration,  to offer better benefits to both the promoter and the tourist. The RPFCH stands out as an emblematic site of the country thanks to its natural and cultural wealth, being considered a suitable place to apply this technology. The use of Augmented Reality in the reserve will providemore information and accessibility about the attractions it has for visiting tourists. To know the current situation of tourism in the reserve, a study of supply and demand was carried out, in the case of supply, the attractions and activities, infrastructure, tourist plant and the existing superstructure were diagnosed and analyzed; for demand, information related to visitors, market, marketing channels and promotion strategies was collected,  and tourist dissemination. Regarding the creation of the augmented reality application, a comparative study was carried out on the tools, application methodologies, hardware and software, in order to determine the most appropriate for the objectives set. Subsequently, the requirements for the design of the application were analyzed, comparing the different methods to apply Augmented Reality, managing to create the application , which, through the scanning of markers will present the information that the touristneeds to know. At the end of the work, it is concluded that Augmented Reality technology is of great help, in addition to being extremely efficient, this resource transforms the way the world is seen. It is recommended to optimize the use of thiscomputer field to know new media and methods of promotion and dissemination that are consistent with new technological trends and market preferences.
UNDERSTANDING THE CRIMINAL PERSONALITY OF CONVICTED RAPISTS IN PAKISTANI PRISONS
Authors: AYESHA INAM et al.
Published: June 2023

In order to deal with the recent surge in rape crimes in Pakistan, there is a dire need to understand the factors that shape the criminal personality of rape convicts. Current study conducted an in-depth analysis of the lives and experiences of convicted rapists to deepen our understanding of their personality development. Fifteen convicted rapists were interviewed. Thematic analysis revealed that rape is a deliberate choice of a person regardless of situational factors. Disturbed family relations, self-victimization, poor impulse control, resentment towards power figures, and gender-based hate are the key contributing factors in shaping their criminal personality. These psychosocial factors best explain poor impulse control, and gender based hate in rape convicts. The findings of the present study indicate a completely different view of convicted rapists for the policy makers, criminologists and forensic psychologists, who can use this knowledge in their professional endeavor.
DO CHILDREN MEDIA CONTENT OVERSTEPPING THE MARK? AN ANALYSIS OF GENDER BASED PROBLEMATIC, EVIL, AND CRIMINAL THEMES PRESENTED IN CHILDREN CARTOON SHOWS.
Authors: ATTIA ZULFIQAR, AMNA ZULFIQAR, QASIM MEHMOOD
Published: June 2023

The current paper was designed to explore the gender-based criminal and evil activities, bad manners and problematic themes in children cartoon shows. Approximately 34 hours long 150 episodes of three channels namely Disney, Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon were randomly collected out of which 523 problematicthemes related to gander-based attitudes were recorded. The study found that themale characters were more dominantly shown in displaying different criminal, evil and problematic attitudes as compared to female characters. A great number of Crude mannerisms, illegalities, defiance, as well as other forms of social and ethical rebellion were found in the content. There are an excessive number of instances where scamming, lying, cheating, stealing, and other egregious behaviours have been associated with the possession of a higher intellect in males. Circumvention of societal norms and practices are typically depicted as praise-worthy behaviours.
EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE VIRTUAL LEARNING OBJECT FOR IMPROVING WATER MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMPTION HABITS IN THE INHABITANTS OF THE UPPER BOGOTÁ RIVER BASIN
Authors: MARIO FERNANDO CASTRO et al.
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this article is to describe the results of the evaluation of a virtual learning object to help improve the consumption habits and management of water resources in the inhabitants of the upper reaches of the Bogotá River. The evaluation was developed in 4 stages.Stages 1 and 2 evaluated 20 users with the profile of students of the systems engineering program at the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia.Stage 3 evaluated 10 users with advanced knowledge of the problems and the management of at least one computer system in the upper basin of the Bogotá river. Stage 4 evaluated 20 users inhabitants of the upper basin of the Bogotá river. The surveys of stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 were divided into 5 dimensions distributed by groups of questions that evaluate the perception of the developer and the users. This information generated positive results allowing to visualize the scope of the functionality and the perception of the users, additionally evaluated the impact of the application on the different types of users for the application of these systems in the upper Bogotá river basin, allowing generating important conclusions that establish the evaluation of the virtual educational environments as important supports in teaching, not only of environmental systems, and that should be evaluated by the users that integrally interact with the system. The above process allows for establishing essential conclusions resulting from the evaluation of virtual educational environments as necessary supports in the teaching process, not only of environmental systems; it establishes clear parameters for measuring virtual learning objects in which different professionals are involved in the development of educational environments and people in the learning process.
A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CRIME VICTIM PROTECTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: PETRUS REINHARD GOLOSE
Published: June 2023

This study aimed at discovering the crime victim protection. This employed a normative legal research in which a review of library research was conducted.  The growth of rehabilitative services for crime victims in different nations shows that protection is focused on the challenges that victims encounter as a result of the crime. The goal of recovery is to get the victim back to where he or she was before the accident. These efforts are carried out by offering various forms of protection aimed at restoring the financial, physical, and psychological well-being of the victims.
LIQUIDITY ANALYSIS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH DEPOSITORS OF CREDIT UNIONS IN COMPULSORY LIQUIDATION IN ECUADOR FOR THE PERIOD 2020 - 2021
Authors: GIOVANNI ROJAS-COPARA et al.
Published: June 2023

In a financial institution that has been declared unviable, liquidity is vital for making decisions to the conglomerate of depositors, especially those involving how much to repay, in how many phases to repay and, most importantly, how many people will not have their deposits covered at 100%. In Ecuador, according to the Superintendency of Popular and Solidarity Economy, only upon concluding the supervision of a Credit Union and evaluating its financial and administrative managementcan it rule that it is unviable. The methodology applied in this research is quantitative, of secondary information and cross-sectional. The main finding is that the Organic, Monetary and Financial Code is protectionist, unlike the banking holiday experienced in Ecuador at the end of the nineties; this one safeguards depositors with the application of norms and processes of the different public administration institutions, leaving aside state protectionism. One of the conclusions is that it is important to reduce social ignorance to clear doubts and inform people that a liquidation process is a guarantee and that it is nothing more than selling assets to return liabilities; in this process, a financial, legal and accounting analysis must be carried out to make decisions that protect the rights of partners and clients.
THE INFLUENCE OF ZIKIR METHOD ON THE QUALITY OF ZIKIR TAREKAT QODIRIYAH NAQSYABANDIYAH IN PONDOK REMAJA INABAH (1) MALAYSIA
Authors: ABU BAKAR AHMAD MANSOR, KHAIRIAH MOHD YASSIN, SHUKRI AHMAD
Published: June 2023

Zikir Tarekat Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah as an alternative treatment for rehabilitating drug addicts based on several previous studies has shown positive results in the rehabilitation of drug trainees. Therefore, this article discusses the extent to which the implementation of the zikir method of Tarekat Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah in Pondok Remaja Inabah (1) Malaysia has rehabilitated drug addicts. Theoretical framework of this research are based on Tarekat Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah concept of zikir. The method of this study is qualitative, which uses the interview method involving six trainees of PRI (1) Malaysia. The data obtained in this study were then analyzed using the Nvivo12 software package. The results showed that the method of zikir implemented in Pondok Remaja Inabah (1) Malaysia influences the quality of zikir practised by the trainees. It provides positive effects directly and indirectly from positive changes to physical, behavioural and emotional. Therefore, it can be concluded that the spiritual module through the zikir approach can profoundly affect the trainees' souls so that they can give up drugs entirely and start a new life based on the teachings and laws found in the religion of Allah SWT. The implications of this study can be used by stakeholders such as National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK) and Malaysian Drug Prevention Association (PEMADAM) in improving the existing drug rehabilitation modules by including and strengthening several modules related to zikr.
COMPETENCE OF TEACHERS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHERS IN SCHOOL TOWARDS THE IMPROVEMENT OF TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM
Authors: ROSHIDA BINTI MUSTAFFA, SALLEH BIN ABD RASHID
Published: June 2023

Competence is a combination of three main aspects, namely the knowledge, skills and attitudes that a person must have to perform a task perfectly. This study was conducted to survey teachers' level of knowledge and skills in teaching and learning as these teachers consist of a group of non-option teachers. This study uses a quantitative approach in which the survey method by using a 4 -point Likert scale questionnaire as a research instrument. The study sample involved was a total of 96 people selected by simple random sampling using the Krejcie & Morgan Sample Size Determination Table. The data will be analyzed using Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Descriptive analysis is used to obtain the mean value, standard deviation, frequency and percentage to see the demographics of the study and see the level of teacher competence in teaching effectiveness and the learning of social science teachers in schools towards the improvement of teacher professionalism. Findings of the study show that teachers 'competencies as a whole are at a moderate level (Value of Teacher Professionalism = 3.44, Teachers' competence in teaching and learning = 3.43 & Practice of teacher teaching effectiveness during teaching and learning = 3.39). The study suggests that the development of teachers to build and strengthen better levels of competencies (professional values, teacher competencies and effectiveness practices) for the teaching and learning process can be achieved for the metamorphic process of educational change.
INVESTIGATING THE FORMATION OF HISTORICAL BASES, LEGAL LAWS, AND THE PROCESS OF THE FLOURISHING OF GEOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WORKS OF PROMINENT WESTERN AND EASTERN THINKERS
Authors: ABDOLLAH EBRAHIMI, MOHAMMAD RAZOOGHI BASTAK
Published: June 2023

Geography is a valuable science that has its roots in the first human center, which has been scientific for more than a thousand years. From the very beginning, the science of geography has been explained more in terms of purpose than in terms of its specific capacity and limits. Historical backgrounds are the conceptual formation and historical growth of geography in the past and the influences that prominent geographers of the West and the East with their works have had on the growth of geography throughout history. On this basis, familiarity with geographers and the four dimensions of historical growth and development and their field of activity can be a good answer in the field of geographers in the present era. This paper is a fundamental research by the typology for problem resolving purpose, mental and philosophical problem. This analysis is based on logical and epistemological theorems and reasoning. The sources used in this paper are documentary and library references.
THE IMPACT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON THE ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Authors: MOHAMED NAZMI MD SALIKON, MOHD SAIFUL IZWAAN SAADON
Published: June 2023

Many empirical studies that suggest that ISO certification has no effect on performance continue to cast doubt on the effectiveness of quality management systems (QMS) on performance. This paper examines quality management systems and how they affect the performance of manufacturing firms in Malaysia because of this contradiction and the dearth of empirical studies there. Food processing companies still struggle to put quality management systems into practice in a way that results in improved organizational performance. As a tactic to obtain a competitive edge in the target market through the creation of superior product quality, market growth, and improved customer satisfaction, many manufacturing businesses in Malaysia are still finding it difficult to adopt efficient quality management systems.

The article offers deeper understandings into the advantages of quality management systems, methods, and concepts that managers should consider for any certification, including ISO, TQM, & others, to be effectively applied and then transfer to improved company performance. The study discovered a significant positive relationship between the competitive performance of a firm and the quality management techniques under investigation. These quality practices—which include top management support, capacity expansion, adoption and exploitation of information technology, and control measures—are essential to achieving and maintaining this competitive performance.

The study suggests that manufacturing companies should concentrate on changing the organizational culture as a whole in order to make it overtly quality-oriented. In order for the company to reap the rewards of a quality management system, it is essential to regularly conduct training in this area in order to instill habits and make employees more amenable to the change of working methods. Organizations may increase internal efficiency via the use of quality management strategies, which is a must for competing in the global market.
ASSESSMENT OF RURAL AREA FOOD CONSUMPTION STATUS IN THE NATIONAL NUTRITION POLICY OF MALAYSIA
Authors: IBRAHIM AHMAD ZUBIR
Published: June 2023

Food consumption is one of the most important components in ensuring household food security. However, there are practices and beliefs that some foods are detrimental to health among low-income people, which affects food consumption in the household.  This situation is directly related to nutrition policy. This study aims to investigate the food consumption households in the rural areas of Kedah State, to fulfill the national nutrition policy of Malaysia. The study centers on rural Kedah State, specifically the municipalities of Kubang Pasu, Baling, Pendang, Alor Setar, and Kuala Muda. The technique of stratified random sampling was used to choose 225 rice growers from the rural regions of the chosen districts. SPSS 25 and food intake results scores were used to analyze the information. The results of the reading revealed that food consumption among farmers was low with a value of less than 29.9. Almost the total food intake for each food category is low except for beverages that have a high value of above 80. The study also found that this group believes that some foods have an impact on health. The study suggests that the government should sensitize the rural population in particular to eat balanced foods. At the same time, the restructuring of the primary school curriculum and syllabus needs to be holistic so that awareness of nourishment and fitness can be raised in early childhood education.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCEPT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: AN EVIDENCE OF FEMALE STUDENTS
Authors: TEHSEEN TAHIR, SADIA BATOOL, RANI GUL, UMBREEN ISHFAQ
Published: June 2023

This study's goal was to look into the effects of several aspects of self-concept on academic achievement among university students between the ages of 18 and 19. The Self-Description Questionnaire-III was used to gauge self-perception, while college records supplied percentage achievement scores. A chance sampling design was utilised to choose 1470 participants at random. The link between the variables was investigated using Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. The study discovered a considerable positive association between academic self-concept and academic accomplishment, with some contribution from physical self-concept as well. The findings also demonstrated a substantial positive relationship between social self-concept and academic achievement, and regression analysis supported these conclusions. The study found that social self-concept is more essential than other factors.
THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE REAL ESTATE BOUNDARY STABILIZER
Authors: ASMAA  SAADOUN FADEL
Published: June 2023

The process of fixing the boundaries of real estate ownership is one of the issues that is of particular importance, especially with the expansion of real estate buying and selling operations and the expansion of the construction psrocess and related matters, the most important of which is the knowledge of the boundaries of this property and fixing them in order to preserve rights and to avoid infringement on the rights of neighbors. In terms of the need for him to know the science between identifying and confirming real estate ownership accurately and verifying the documents necessary for the process of establishing ownership, there is no doubt that any error in this work raises the responsibility of the real estate property installer.

Civil liability arises when a person exceeds the limits authorized to him under the rules stipulated in the state's income, whether in legislative or contractual form. The nature of the responsibility of the registrant of real estate ownership seems to be a tort civil liability, due to the absence of a contractual link between the registrant of ownership and the owner of the real estate subject to fixing the boundaries, as fixing the boundaries of the property is only done based on a site survey to measure its dimensions and diameters, and this on-site viewing and inspection, which is called detection, is only done By the technical employee at the Real Estate Registration Department.
ADMINISTRATION RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH FACILITIES
Authors: ROAA HAMEED ABED
Published: June 2023

The issue of management responsibility for health facilities is of great importance and deserves a lot of care and attention because of its contact with the human body and its preservation from the dangers that may result from mistakes committed by these health facilities, and administrative responsibility as a type of legal responsibility takes place within the scope of the legal system administrative ،It is related to the responsibility of the state and the public administration for its harmful actions, whether these harmful administrative actions are legitimate or illegal, on the basis of the elbow error or the administrative error and on the basis of the risk theory and within the scope of the legal system of administrative responsibility and the responsibility of the state, and we have tried through this research to determine the nature of administrative responsibility About health facilities and a statement of what is meant by a health facility error, as well as a statement of the basis for establishing the administration's responsibility for this error in Iraqi legislation.
EXPLORING THE RELEVANCE OF DETERRENCE PUNISHMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO SOCIAL STABILITY AND LEGAL SANCTION
Authors: SWATI KAUSHAL, HARISH KUMAR TIWARI
Published: June 2023

The idea of a society without crime is fiction. Crime and criminals have become an indispensable part of any society. It is not something which is expected, yet it exists, due to the interplay of various factors. In essence, the idea of crime is tied to the social structure. A person’s interests are best served by being part of a community/society. Everyone has obligations to their fellow humans as well as rights and privileges that they want others to protect for them. The behaviour of the people inside a society is governed by this sense of respect and trust for one another's rights. Even if the majority of individuals adhere to the "live and let live" maxim, there are others who, for one reason or another, stray from this accepted pattern of behaviour and connect themselves with anti-social forces. This lays a duty on the State to keep society functioning normally. Protecting law-abiding individuals and punishing lawbreakers is a difficult responsibility that falls under the purview of the State, which carries it out with the aid of the law. For this reason, Salmond described law as a "rule of action" governing people's behavior in society. While actions that are permitted by the law are regarded as lawful, those that are banned by the law at a certain time and location are recognized as crimes or wrongdoings. According to the law of crime, the wrongdoer who commits a crime is punished for his culpability.
THE POLICY OF HIGHER EDUCATIONDEVELOPMENT IN THE TREND OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN EDUCATION
Authors: PHUNG THE TUAN, NGUYEN THI LIEN NHI, VU HONG VAN
Published: June 2023

Internationalization is an inevitable trend in the higher education (HE) system. In Vietnam, the internationalization of HE has received a lot of attention from the State and society. Over the years, the Government, the Ministry of Education and Training, and the universities of Vietnam have significantly invested resources and budgets in projects to improve the quality of education in the direction of internationalization. The requirements of increasing the quality of human resources (HR) give conditions of HE  for development. However, the existing difficulties are also significant challenges for each HE institution to have private solutions. This study has shown that the State’s policies and laws hold an essential position and role in determining the victory of the process of international cooperation in HE. Many of the State's policies have been issued to create a legal basis for the process of international cooperation in the field of HE. The analysis of the policy situation; the achievements, besides the shortcomings and difficulties, will contribute to perfecting laws, and policies, promoting the internationalization of HE in the context that universities are given more autonomy in the future.
CRIMINAL EVIDENCE WITH MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON BASIC FREEDOMS IN JORDANIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: D. MOHAMMAD MOSTAFA MOHAMMAD AIROUT
Published: June 2023

This white paper examines the use of modern technology as evidence in criminal proceedings in Jordan and its impact on basic freedoms in the country's legal framework. The paper begins by providing an overview of the Jordanian legal system and the importance of criminal evidence in criminal proceedings. It then explores the limitations of traditional evidence and the increasing importance of modern technology as evidence in criminal investigations.

The paper further examines the types of modern technology used as evidence in Jordan, including digital data and social media, and the admissibility of such evidence in criminal proceedings. The advantages and disadvantages of using modern technology as evidence are also analysed, along with the potential impact on basic freedoms such as the right to privacy, freedom of expression, and the right to a fair trial. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for future developments in legislation to ensure a balance between the benefits of modern technology in criminal proceedings and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. Overall, this paper highlights the importance of evaluating the use of modern technology as evidence in criminal proceedings to ensure a fair and effective criminal justice system that respects the rights and freedoms of individuals in Jordan.
ROOTING THE CONCEPT OF CONTRACT ECONOMY IN FRENCH JURISPRUDENCE AND JUDICIARY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: AMMAR KAREIM KADHAM AL-BSHERAWY, JAWAD KADHIM JABUR ALSAFI
Published: June 2023

The process of tracing the formation of contract economy as a legal concept entails searching for it in jurisprudence and the court. This notion is not new to them, and it is observed that it first arose in the Anglo-Saxon tradition. As for French jurisprudence, it lagged, unlike the court, which had a long history with this notion. It was used by the Paris Court of Appeal in the nineteenth century, which saw it as revealing the parties' same intent. As a prerequisite for adopting the theory of emergencies, it was also embraced by the French State Council when it evaluated the imbalance in the contract economy resulting from unanticipated unusual events. It was also used by the administrative judiciary to check the validity of altering administrative contracts to ensure that these adjustments do not impede the contract's economy or alter its purpose. In 1996, however, it started to expand in the Latin school, which was represented by French law. From a legal perspective, it was exposed in publications and research, and the phrase continued to be used afterward.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE COMPONENTS OF AI IMPACTING CUSTOMER RETENTION IN TELECOM INDUSTRY
Authors: KISHORE KUNAL, K. R. RAMPRAKASH, C. JOE ARUN, M. J. XAVIER
Published: June 2023

Consumer behavior in the mobile industry, particularly consumer behaviors, has become a prominent marketing research topic. Every consumer has distinct life experiences that influence their shopping decisions. Age, employment, lifestyle, personality, and self-concept are social and personal elements that can affect a buyer's final selection. Based on tests performed on data collected, several outcomes were discovered. In this research, the participants were chosen using the technique described, and their data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Chi-Square test was used to investigate the relationship between companies and their usage of optimal service techniques. According to the study's findings, AI-powered solutions may aid organizations in encouraging customers to take action at each stage of the user life cycle.
DETERMINANTS OF COMPETENCIES ON PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES: ANALYZING INSTITUTES LISTED IN THE DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INDIA
Authors: RAJINI G., VAISHNAVI S.
Published: June 2023

Employee competency is an essential criterion of Human resources, particularly in Research and Development (R&D) based organizations. The capability of an individual is replicated in such critical places, resulting in performance outcomes that can be measured from financial, structural, business, human capital, and relationship perspective.

The competencies are grouped under five significant heads called core, professional, management, operational, and expert competencies. A structured questionnaire was developed and formally mailed to the Institutes listed in the Directory of R&D, India, chosen by stratified simple random sampling method. The structural equation model showcases the implications of acquisition, selection process, reliability of selection tests, and H.R. Policies as the determinants leading to some significant performance outcomes. AMOS 21 is used for the structural equation model.

The employee hiring strategy, selection procedure, predictive ability of selection tests, organizational Human Resource (H.R.) policy, and employee competencies contribute to the performance outcomes of the research and development institutions of India.

The competencies measured during the selection process should be exhibited by the R & D professions in the organization. The efficiency of R&D Institutes is boosted by adopting the competency-based selection process. The managers can develop a competency dictionary for the firm, which leads to attaining the institution’s objectives and results in outreached performance.
STUDY ON RETAIL FORMAT CHOICE AND CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Authors: ABHILASH MISHRA, RABI NARAYAN SUBUDHI
Published: June 2023

Retail, being one of the most important aspects of marketing, has immensely gained its importance over last couple of years. In today’s world, because of the cut throat competition retail has evolved beyond the traditional brick and mortar retailing. Retailers are making their presence in both brick and mortar stores as well as through online shopping websites through many new innovations like click- and- mortar retailing. The purpose of this paper was to throw some light on the impact of online shopping attributes with major focus to website attributes (such as- personalization, ease of use and sociality) on online buying behavior with respect to online experience. The paper further focuses on the impact of offline shopping attributes (such as- ambience and positive sociality) on offline buying behavior with respect to offline shopping experience. The data analysis for the study was carried on by the help of statistical tools like Chi-Square Tests and regression analysis with the help of SPSS. The findings of the study reveals that “personalization” and “ease of use” has a significant impact on online shopping experience whereas, “ambiance” has a significant impact on offline shopping experience
UNDERSTANDING TOURIST INERTIA BASED ON DESTINATION SERVICE QUALITY: ROLE OF PERCEIVED VALUE AND PERCEIVED RISK
Authors: ARI ARISMAN, RAISA HILLIA AINI SYIFA, ADHITYA RAHMAT TAUFIQ
Published: June 2023

The growth of tourism has occurred all over the world, including in big cities in Indonesia. It is interesting to discuss that destination service providers are currently competing to retain their tourists. This study examines the relationship between destination service quality and tourist inertia through perceived value and perceived risk. A study on tourist destinations in the cities of Bandung, Yogyakarta and Bali using a survey method with the Structural Equation Modeling analysis technique revealed that destination service quality has a positive effect on perceived value and a negative effect on perceived risk. Perceived value has a positive effect on tourist inertia, but perceived risk is not proven to have an effect on tourist inertia. Thus, these findings expand the role of intervention from the theory of planned behaviour, especially from the aspect of perceived behavioural control. Implications, limitations, and future study directions are included at the end of the article.
THE PROMOTING COEXISTENCE INTER-RELIGIONS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA AND COMBATING DESTRUCTIVE IDEOLOGY LOCALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY FOLLOWING THE PROPHET APPROACH TO TOLERANCE TOWARDS RELIGIONS
Authors: OHUD ALZAHRANI
Published: June 2023

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia follows the prophet Mohammed approach according to the Quran as Allah said in describing how to deal with other religions “For You is Your Religion; For Me is My Religion.” In this paper traying to deliver the message worldwide in how the crown prince Mohmmed bin Salman’s vision 2030, and the new system. This development will change the destructive ideology worldwide domestically and internationally perspective. To this regard and to answer this research question around the methods of how the KSA already inter a great coexistence between religions internationally in order to maintain the world peace. Moreover, the results obviously came to show the efforts of the KSA and  brings promoting of coexistence Inter-Religions, so this result as a response to the enemies against the Kingdom’s policy. Also and more importantly, to clarify how the prophet Mohammed dealt with other religious and how to make treaties and convention with the aim of common interests in order to spread peace.
SYNCHRONISING ONLINE RESOURCE (PENZU) AND COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONS: A PAKISTANI POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONTEXT
Authors: ASMA ABDUL AZIZ, MOHD HILMI BIN HAMZAH, MOHAN RATHAKARISHNAN
Published: June 2023

Pakistan is going through a period of transition after Covid-19 pandemic situation which created a dire need to use computer as a tool and other online resources in the classrooms. To contribute to this situation, the present study investigated the effects of using computer as a tool and Penzu software as online source for language instructions. The study used experimental design and conducted a classroom experiment of 40 higher secondary school students (20 experimental & 20 in control group) through pre/post-tests over different period of time to examine development in students’ writing skills. On post-test-I, it was observed that students in the control group showed sudden rise in the development of writing skills compared to experimental group. But, on post-test-II and III, students in the experimental group showed consistency in the development in writing skills while control group could not maintain their consistency of development in writings. Hence, findings of the study revealed that using computer as a tool for instructions and Penzu as online resource to conduct writing activities proved more useful in improving students’ writing skills compared to the students in the control group. Finally, findings also revealed that students became more independent in self-corrections in the experimental group and continued to expand their learning outside the classroom while control group was dependent on teacher and could only find time in the classroom for corrective feedback which limited students’ learning to their classroom. In addition to this, the study recommends that further computer applications and other online resources can be more useful in language instructions apart from teaching writing skills. Besides, findings of this study have significant theoretical and practical implications pertaining to EFL teachers’ professional development, teaching skills and students’ learning environment.