bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uses of Virtual Reality (VR) for Chronic Pain
Authors: Chi Bradley , Chau Brian , Ta Phillip
Published: October 2018

Chronic pain affects many people worldwide with significant individual impact and societal cost. One such area involves the psychiatric co-morbidities associated with chronic pain. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanism of chronic pain is not fully understood although evidence suggests the importance of biologic, psychologic, and social factors in the perception of pain. Virtual reality has the potential to be a powerful therapeutic option for chronic pain. This may be due to its impact on attention, emotion, and potentially central nervous system plasticity. Virtual reality therapy has been used successfully for a variety of chronic pain conditions showing its potential. It has also been safely used in pediatric populations. However, the major current limitation is quality of evidence; therefore, future studies should aim to address this issue.
A Blended Approach to Teacher Education
Authors: Vaughan Norman
Published: October 2018

This chapter describes the effectiveness of a blended approach to teacher education through the use of the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) framework. Data was collected from students and faculty involved in the program via online surveys, focus groups, and the use of an editable Google Doc. The study participants provided recommendations for improving the quality of the blended program through the use of digital technologies based on the five NSSE benchmarks. For example, student and faculty interactions outside of the classroom could be enhanced through the use of web-based synchronous conferencing tools (e.g., Skype) to establish ‘virtual' meetings and office hours.
The Impact of Pre-Service Teachers' Reflection on Their Instructional Practices
Authors: Dollar Yesim Kesli , Mede Enisa
Published: October 2018

This chapter aims to investigate the impact of reflection on freshmen pre-service English teachers' classroom practices. Specifically, it explores how the participating student teachers' perceptions influenced their instructional practices as a result of participation in reflection activities. The participants of the study were ten freshmen student teachers enrolled in the English Language Teaching undergraduate program at a foundation (non-profit private) university in Turkey. Data came from the reflections of the participating student teachers about their recently-completed 15-hour field-based experience at the pre-school level. As a part of this class reflection activity, the participants were prompted to keep a diary in one of their undergraduate courses and respond to a series of statements or questions related to their classroom observation tasks. They were also engaged in class discussions and were required to write their overall feedback based on their field-based experience. The findings of the study revealed that reflective activities helped the prospective student teachers identify their strengths and weaknesses related to classroom activities, use of materials (use of technology and visuals) and classroom management, leading to self-awareness about their understanding and application of teaching skills and strategies.
An Online Course Design for Inservice Teacher Professional Development in a Digital Age
Authors: Lee Kyungmee , Brett Clare
Published: October 2018

This chapter introduces a practical model for teacher educators concerned with designing online courses for inservice teachers' technological knowledge learning and its implementation in their teaching. A double-layered CoP model has been developed and repeatedly applied in the teacher professional development (TPD) context using a design-based research (DBR) approach. DBR provides an iterative cycle of design, implementation, evaluation and improvement of the design. This chapter includes a detailed description of the design context of the model including design considerations and theoretical frameworks upon which the model is based. The chapter also demonstrates how the model works in practice referencing important issues in current teacher education practices and offering suggestions for how DBR can guide teacher educators' teaching and research practices. Four course participants' learning experiences are presented as case studies to illustrate more clearly the way the model seems to be facilitating teachers' learning processes.
Integrated Methods Block
Authors: Popejoy Kate , Good Amy J. , Rock Tracy , Vintinner Jean Payne
Published: October 2018

At a large, urban university, the clinically based preparation of undergraduate elementary education teacher candidates has been transformed. Following the Blue Ribbon Panel Report (NCATE, 2010), faculty created a more intense, integrated, and rigorous clinical experience for teacher candidates, which required more engagement, monitoring, and collaboration among methods faculty and PDS PK-6 schools, while immersing the candidates in a more realistic setting. This chapter describes how (a) methods curricula were reconfigured to include integrated clinical assignments, (b) opportunities were created for candidates to experience extended time in clinical classrooms, (c) university faculty liaisons were present at each PDS clinical school to provide on-site support, feedback, seminar instruction, accountability, and increased communication between the university and the school, (d) new evaluation instruments were implemented to gather and report teacher candidate knowledge, skills, and dispositions, and (e) technology was utilized, allowing teacher candidates opportunity to present and reflect on experiences.
Teacher Effect Model for Impacting Student Achievement
Authors: Heafner Tina L.
Published: October 2018

Teachers are a significant factor associated with student achievement. Research recognizes that the greatest determinate of student achievement is the teacher, yet questions remain as to what characteristics of teachers are the most influential and where these attributes can be influenced through professional development. This paper explores the teacher effect through the evaluation of the interaction among characteristics of four teacher profiles using Surveys of Enacted Curriculum®. This Teacher Effect Model was designed to evaluate the future impacts of sustained professional development.
Using Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Electronic Storybooks in ESL Teacher Education
Authors: Park Ho-Ryong , Kim Deoksoon
Published: October 2018

In this chapter, a qualitative approach used to investigate the experiences and learning of 110 preservice teachers in English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) courses when they read electronic storybooks for their school projects. During their online class, participants were asked to read one culturally and linguistically familiar electronic storybook (e-storybook), develop a reading lesson plan, and participate in two online discussions after reading four culturally and linguistically familiar or unfamiliar e-storybooks. After these discussions, the participants revised their lesson plans. The findings provide insight into what ESOL preservice teachers learn and the strategies they use in reading e-storybooks. The participants revised the original lesson plan based on these reading experiences and learned about their future students who will study English as a second language. The article concludes by discussing the influence of this online task-based instruction on ESOL preservice teachers' learning and technology use in teacher education courses.
Blending Digital Content in Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Dickenson Patricia , Sistek-Chandler Cynthia
Published: October 2018

Teacher Education programs worldwide are engaging in a digital conversation around best practices for supporting and teaching teacher candidates in the creation of digital content for a 21st century blended classroom. This chapter examines the status of teacher preparation in technology and explores current trends for instructors of the NextGen educator. Further the authors share how 21 Century Skills and global competencies among pre-service teachers can be applied in an online learning environment in teacher education programs.
Formative Assessment via Video Feedback on Practicum
Authors: Dann Christopher , Dann Beverly , O'Neill Shirley
Published: October 2018

University program leaders in conjunction with accreditation bodies, create Initial Teacher Education programs. These programs provide the knowledge and practice opportunities that preservice teachers need to learn and develop as teachers, and provide evidence of attaining the requisite standard required for obtaining a teaching position. This places the Initial Teacher Education programs in a unique position to lead much needed systemic change to transform the learning experiences of preservice teachers in schools. However, at the same time, there are challenges involved in creating innovative programs that align with the requirements of stakeholders, which in the first instance involve: accreditation authorities, universities, early childhood agencies and government. This chapter discusses how video feedback might act as a catalyst for change. First it addresses how it provides the conditions necessary to stimulate focused reflective dialogues that align to the graduate standards and lesson objectives, and second the implications for the field.
Do Your Classes Click?
Authors: Forbringer Linda L.
Published: October 2018

This chapter describes a study that examined the use of interactive remotes (clickers) in teacher education courses. In previous studies, interactive technology has been shown to increase student interest, participation, and learning in a variety of other disciplines. This study replicated those findings with pre-service and practicing teachers, but also investigated the clickers' effects on teachers' developing understanding of three evidence-based pedagogical practices: (1) active participation, (2) providing students with opportunities for frequent review and feedback, and (3) using formative assessment to guide instructional decisions. Results were overwhelmingly positive. Participants reported that using the technology developed their understanding of the targeted pedagogical practices, and this growth was reflected in their discussion of effective pedagogy after having used the interactive remotes. The chapter includes a review of the supporting pedagogical foundations, a discussion of the limitations of the current study and implications for further research.
Healthcare Education
Authors: Frank Eva M.
Published: October 2018

The integration of technology into the education and continuous professional education of allied health professionals is evolving. Integrating simulation as an authentic instructional modality has changed how clinicians learn and practice the clinical knowledge, skills, and abilities they are required to be competent in to ensure patient safety. A lot of advances have been made in the utilization of simulation in various domains. Continuing medical education is such a domain, and this chapter will briefly describe the history of simulation, present simulation as an authentic instructional activity, examine education trends of using simulation-based learning, highlight two applicable theoretical frameworks, and present a case study that effectively utilized simulation as an authentic instructional strategy and assessment during a continuing medical education course for athletic trainers.
Engaging Preservice Teachers in Professional Development About iPads
Authors: Shannon Katheryn E. , Cullen Theresa A.
Published: October 2018

The iEducate mini-conference was a professional development approach used in a college of education that has a one to one iPad initiative. Students were strongly encouraged to attend workshops on effective iPad integration strategies for the classroom during a one-week period. A total of 87 students, faculty, staff, alumni, and community members participated and two-thirds indicated they would participate in similar events in the future. Participants indicated that opportunities to share their knowledge and collaborate with peers to explore new applications and integration strategies, connect new knowledge and skills to K12 classroom practice, and talk to K12 students about their vision for technology integration were beneficial outcomes of the experience. Discussion of the structure and management of the event, student feedback and plans for future implementations are provided.
Promoting Culturally Responsive Pedagogical Competence Among Preservice Teachers
Authors: Adjei-Boateng Emmanuel
Published: October 2018

This chapter examines primary issues confronting preservice teacher preparation in the US public schools. There are several issues confronting teaching and teacher education programs. However, this chapter explores cultural and linguistic diversity issues given the critical need for inclusive education. The increasing nature of demographic changes in the schools and the U.S. society also has ramifications for students' learning and preservice teacher preparation. To that end, this chapter examines efforts by organizations and educational researchers to respond to the phenomenon of demographic changes in US public schools and the need to equip teachers with competencies needed to help students become successful in schools. The author examines how one teacher education program is preparing teachers to meet the demands of teaching culturally and linguistically diverse student population. Finally, the author provides suggestions on how to improve and enhance culturally responsive pedagogical competence among preservice teachers.
TAP (Teacher Learning and Application to Pedagogy) Through Digital Video-Mediated Reflections
Authors: Arya Poonam , Christ Tanya , Chiu Ming Ming
Published: October 2018

This chapter presents relevant findings from research that explored literacy teachers' self-reflections and reflective discussions with peers that were mediated by digital video. Mixed methodological approaches were used, including statistical discourse analysis, which examines the relations between speech-turns in teachers' video discussions to provide a fine-grained view of digital video's mediating role. Findings showed that recursive viewing of videos, across different contexts or within a context facilitated shifts in purposes for discussing videos and broadened the foci of these discussions. Additionally, the situated context and multiple modes of information presented in digital videos supported literacy teachers' generation and application of ideas about reader processing and reader engagement. Teachers used certain conversation moves, such as critical thinking, hypothesizing, and challenging, as they transacted with the multimodal information in the video to support their generation of ideas for literacy instruction. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Using Technology to Enhance Teacher Preparation Field Experiences
Authors: Thomas Ursula
Published: October 2018

This chapter describes a field director's revision of a field experience placement system and model for a teacher education program at a two-year institution. In this case study, the field director documented the conversion from a paper system to using a learning management system to support the field experience process of 324 students. Results from this case study indicate a positive correlation between the components of the process and the features of the learning management system. In addition, findings from the case study reveal that the learning management system provides additional benefits for program assessment. The conversion of a paper system to a learning management system is documented as well as the implications for other aspects of teacher education assessment.
A Reconstruction of Rural Teachers' Technology Integration Experiences
Authors: Porras-Hernández Laura Helena , Salinas-Amescua Bertha
Published: October 2018

Teachers who integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) to their practice in rural areas face important challenges that differ from those where contextual conditions are most favorable. The purpose of this chapter is to describe how and why a phenomenological research approach applied to the reconstruction of rural teachers' experiences in incorporating ICT's to their practice can be helpful for both, for research purposes as well as for inspiring the avenues that rural teacher education in the digital age should follow. Based on the narratives of eight teachers working in poor rural schools of Mexico, this chapter describes how, as part of a construction of their own rural pedagogies, these teachers integrate ICT to their practice in response to three levels of contextual demands. Lessons learned and recommendations for research of this kind are provided.
Engaging Heads, Hands, and Hearts to Optimize Study Abroad Outcomes
Authors: Talbot Patricia A , Jones Jennifer
Published: October 2018

This chapter poses an innovative framework that can be utilized as a model for study abroad experiences, particularly those situated in developing countries. The model enhances a service learning structure by grounding both classroom study and related field work in the theoretical foundations of critical pedagogy, transformational learning theory, ecological systems theory and critical theory in a manner that sets the stage for success for study abroad students and in-country community members alike. The chapter concludes with a recommended plan for implementation of the framework as well as suggestions for optimizing sustainable outcomes for teachers as they begin work in classrooms of their own.
Transforming Preservice Mathematics Teacher Knowledge for and With the Enacted Curriculum
Authors: Edson Alden J. , Thomas Amanda
Published: October 2018

In a curriculum system, instructional materials and their enactment impacts students learning of school mathematics. In this chapter, the authors re-examine enacted curriculum in light of research on Digital Instructional Materials (DIMs) and the critical role of the mathematics teacher. This chapter documents research from two different studies suggesting that, while effectively leveraging digital materials may require teachers to think outside of their traditional views of how mathematics content is learned and communicated, doing so requires more than the resources themselves. In order to seize upon the potential for DIMs to support student learning in mathematics, teacher preparation must offer opportunities for teachers to develop and transform their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) knowledge for and with DIMs. To this end, the authors propose specific recommendations for teacher preparation programs in the digital age.
Preservice Teacher Reflections About Short-Term Summer Study Abroad Experiences in Italy
Authors: Colwell Jamie , Nielsen Diane , Bradley Barbara A. , Spearman Mindy
Published: October 2018

This chapter studies 21 preservice teachers' blog reflections about working in an Italian classroom and living with a host family during a four-week study abroad program in Northern Italy. During the program, preservice teachers were required to blog about their experiences living and studying abroad using personal blog sites. To encourage more candid reflection about the program, the blog posts could be related to any aspect of the program preservice teachers chose to reflect on. After setting the context of the study through description of the study abroad program and its requirements, the authors present qualitative findings regarding preservice teachers' (a) thoughts related to their observations of Italian classrooms, (b) thoughts related to becoming an Italian language learner, and (c) lessons learned from the study abroad experience. Findings discuss preservice teachers' reflections on making sense of educational and cultural differences, experiences as Italian language learners, and opportunities for professional and personal growth.
Leadership and Management in Instructional Technology in Teacher Education
Authors: Erdem Ali Rıza
Published: October 2018

This chapter evaluated leadership and management of instructional technology in teacher education. It recalls that training and educating teachers is of great importance to society. Teachers can have either positive or negative effects on students which can impact on society. A lot of models have been produced for training and educating teachers. According to Wallace (1991), the most common models are skill, applied science and reflective models. The management of the equipment dimension of educational technologies in teacher training is the effective use of the available equipment. Information technology used in the inservice training provided for teachers who are officially teachers, and in the preservice training provided for preservice teachers, should be applied at the top level. The leadership in the dimension of the equipment of educational technologies in teacher training is that it is regularly renewed by the state of the art technology. First of all, it is needed to use updated information technology in order to achieve the equipment target used in preservice training for preservice teachers and inservice training for teachers at the top level.
Exploring the Interstices of Literate, Linguistic, and Cultural Diversity
Authors: Smith Patriann , Kumi-Yeboah Alex
Published: October 2018

In this chapter, we examine an English-speaking Caribbean multilingual teacher's response to linguistic diversity by exploring his linguistic and literate experiences and responses to language in various geographical and social contexts. Through in-depth semi-structured topical interviews, we identified three distinct recursive “pathways” representative of the teacher's experiences. These pathways constituted his processes of attitude transformation, strategy use, and identity formation. The findings highlight the need for further exploration of multilingual teachers' linguistic diversity and indicate the need to examine teachers' capacity to respond to linguistic and cultural diversity based on their personal experiences.
The Adoption of Instructional Technologies in Teacher Education
Authors: Nwokeocha Steve
Published: October 2018

This chapter advocates for a turn to the positive side of the situation and the need to create a multiplier effect with available technologies and capabilities which at the long run could enable Nigeria to leapfrog and catch up with the advanced countries in terms of quality of teaching and learning. The chapter consequently discusses some of the new ideas and concepts that may well be exploited to improve teacher education through technology. It calls for more research, sensitization and capacity building of teachers and students about such new ideas and concepts for the benefit of the Nigerian education system. The chapter is written primarily based on the practical experiences of the author as a teacher educator and active participant in world conferences that, over the years, have devoted attention to best practical cases that have worked in various developing parts of the world.
Pre-Service Teachers and Technology Integration
Authors: Mulder David J.
Published: October 2018

The current generation of young teachers entering the profession is often presumed to have an easy comfort with and seemingly innate understanding of technology. Prensky (2001) has gone so far as to name them “digital natives” and has claimed that members of the millennial generation “think and process information fundamentally differently from their predecessors” (p. 1). However, recent studies in several English-speaking western nations call the millennial generation's innately skillful use of technology into question, and some studies of millennial teachers indicate that they are, in fact, no better at integrating technology into their teaching than their colleagues from other generations. Rogers' (2003) diffusion of innovations theory provides an alternative to the digital native/digital immigrant approach for explaining teachers' technology integration habits. Based on this approach, suggestions for teacher educators are recommended for training millennial teachers to integrate technology and pedagogy.
Instructional Design for the Technological Learning Environment
Authors: Williams Demetrick
Published: October 2018

Education is constantly changing to not only meet the ever changing needs of the global business environment, but to also meet the needs of the students. The needs of the students are constantly changing because of technology and increasingly diverse backgrounds and cultures that change the ways education occurs. Studies have shown that the demands continue to grow for education to continue to transform to meet the needs of today's diverse technological learners. Faculty, teachers, and instructional designers must adapt to the evolution of the learning environment. The purpose of this chapter is to aid faculty and teachers in the design of curriculum for tomorrow's students, by adding them with the trial and error of the development phase. The two objectives are to aid in the development of instructional design along with further meeting the needs of our students and to help remove some of the trial and error in the development process.
Mentorship in Technology-Rich, 21st-Century Classrooms
Authors: Reid Doug , Reid Erin
Published: October 2018

A mentorship program was established to support early career teachers in a technology-rich K-6 school. This program included scaffolding for inexperienced teachers in school cultures, pedagogically appropriate technology use, and classroom management. The program assisted early career teachers to thrive at the beginning of their career and to address perceived weaknesses in teacher education programs. As a result of this research, several early career teachers received mentorship support and successfully began their teaching careers. Additionally, many pre-service teachers were able to make decisions about their school careers through engagement in a practical and realistic teacher-training program. In theory, this research informs the literature regarding the realities of 21st-century classroom experiences and demonstrates the importance of having experienced educators provide training to the next generation of teachers. In practice, this research provides an example of how university teacher education can better prepare pre-service teachers to be successful in their future classrooms.
Floodplain Infrastructure and the Toxic Tide
Authors: Bender Sanford R.
Published: October 2018

The human species is drawn to water. They are attracted by its dynamic flow and the promise of renewal that can lift their spirits up from the mundane. However, there is a growing awareness of how prior and current building practices continue to jeopardize environmentally sensitive wetlands, estuaries, bays, rivers, and coastal sand barriers. Constructing infrastructure in the floodplain causes erosion, pollution, habitat loss, invasive species, and increased vulnerability to hurricanes and other flooding disasters. This chapter will focus primarily on how building infrastructure located in the flood plain can affect the environment under the duress of catastrophic storm events. Reference is made to more far reaching phenomena global issues such as climate change, sea level rise, shifting continental fault lines, and other meteorological and geological changes that appear to be hastening the appearance of major disastrous events.
SeaDataNet
Authors: Schaap Dick
Published: October 2018

SeaDataNet is actively operating and further developing a Pan-European infrastructure for managing, indexing and providing access to ocean and marine data sets and data products, acquired from research cruises and other observational activities in European marine waters and global oceans. It is undertaken by the National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs), and marine information services of major research institutes, from 35 coastal states bordering the European seas. Its data centres have the essential capabilities and facilities for data quality control, long term stewardship, retrieval and distribution. Development and provision of standards, services and tools for marine and ocean data management has proven instrumental for wider uptake. This is further encouraged by cooperation and synergy with EU marine research projects, and by adoption of the SeaDataNet infrastructure in the EMODnet (European Marine European Marine Observation and Data Network) development. EMODnet is an initiative in the framework of the EU Marine Directive.
International Framework of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Zaki
Published: October 2018

Ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) framework has assumed an important position within the broader management strategies of harvesting and managing marine fisheries without compromising the integrity and health of marine ecosystems. The EAF concept, embedded in many international instruments, is a testament of a growing recognition of the need to adopt a more holistic approach in fisheries governance by the international community. Attaining the full effect of the EAF framework would require States to have political will to implement this framework. With this in mind, this chapter analyses the extent to which Malaysia has adopted EAF framework for its marine fisheries management. It begins by examining the principles and management measures under international fisheries instruments regarding the EAF. It includes discussion of why the global community recognizes the EAF regime. Most significantly, Malaysia's national policy and legislative frameworks vis-à-vis the EAF principles and measures are also analyzed. This chapter recommends policy and legal reforms to address the gaps relevant to the implementation of EAF.
Bioeconomic Fishery Management
Authors: Gupta Anita Chattopadhyay
Published: October 2018

Coastal areas are also important ecologically, as they provide a number of environmental goods and services. Potentially, if managed sustainably, they can provide continuing returns without any decrease in their productivity. But, the unfolding state of coastal ecosystems, from the standpoint of fisheries production, is causing concern. A move towards fishing management that conserves biodiversity, permits sustainable utilization and recognizes the importance of species interaction is worthwhile. Recent recognition of such interactions in fishing has resulted in calls for adoption of ecosystem approaches to fishery management to rebuild and sustain populations, species and biological communities at high levels of productivity and biological diversity. The coupling of fishery management issues more directly with the issues of marine pollution, and biodiversity represents an increasing understanding of the linkages among them. This calls for changing fishery management paradigms towards a more coherent ecosystem approach.
Unattended Sensors in Marine Environments
Authors: Nor Rizal Mohd , Nesterenko Mikhail
Published: October 2018

This chapter discusses the use of unattended sensors and its use in marine environment. The authors present challenges of designing a marine sensor in harsh environments and a case study in implementing a marine sensor to study hypoxia. Hypoxia is a world-wide anthropogenic phenomenon related to pollution. The authors describe the construction of an inexpensive sensor buoy system, Oxybuoy, designed for long-term unattended oxygen sensor measurements. The technology is available to construct such sensor buoys. The authors showed a prototype based on commercial off-the shelf components: an embedded PC, an optical dissolved oxygen sensor, a temperature sensor, a Wi-Fi transmitter and a satellite transmitter. Its total cost is around $5,000 to construct, program and test a proof of concept of such sensor. The authors describe the buoy's architectural design and three experiments that the authors carried out to demonstrate its viability.
A General View of Poverty in Turkey as an Issue for Social Work in the Light of Behavioral Finance and Game Theory
Authors: Cesur-Kiliçaslan Seher , Işik Toprak
Published: October 2018

In this chapter, the authors define poverty in general terms before including statistics for a detailed, Turkey-specific discussion. Once the authors elaborate on the causes of poverty, they introduce behavioural economics and game theory, the fundamental aim of the chapter being to examine how these two theories affect perceptions of poverty and the struggle against poverty. Another issue that enters into the scope of this chapter is to what extent the poor themselves are responsible for their own poverty. On this question, game theory and behavioural economics can potentially be marshalled against the poor. However, we also argue that, by using a different approach, both theories can be interpreted in the poor's favour. We examine the double-sided nature of these two theories in detail and stress how important it is in the study of poverty to consider the disadvantageous position in which the poor find themselves.
National Ethical Institutions and Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Muralidharan Etayankara , Pathak Saurav
Published: October 2018

Using insights from institutional theory, the chapter proposes understanding ethics as national institutions that deeply influence social entrepreneurship. Moreover, the chapter proposes that low behavioral ethical standards (normative ethical institutions) provide opportunities for individuals to establish social enterprises. Furthermore, it proposes that high public-sector ethical standards (regulatory ethical institutions) and values of unselfishness (cognitive ethical institutions) facilitate and motivate individuals to establish social enterprises. The chapter also explores the combined effects of public-sector ethical standards and low behavioral ethics, public-sector ethical standards and societal unselfishness, and low behavioral ethics and unselfishness, on the creation of social enterprises. The chapter contributes to cross-cultural comparative entrepreneurship by suggesting, through a multilevel framework, the effects of societal-level ethical institutions on the creation of social enterprises.
The Making of the Information Society
Authors: Thomas P.E.
Published: October 2018

Unlike the decisive occupations which facilitated the unambiguous naming of the agricultural and industrial societies, the present one which is tagged with an array of groupings—Post-Industrial, Service, Knowledge, Post-modern, Wired/Networked, Artificial, so on and so forth—can hardly ever be viewed from the perspective of a single occupation. With technology in the forefront working as the driver of information and knowledge, it supports and causes the rampant changes in the provinces of economy, occupation, spatial relations, and culture. And, together they signify the arrival of the ‘Information Society'. The obvious shift of a considerable population from the landed labour to industrial labour to knowledge workers marks the transitional phase of the society from agriculture to manufacturing to knowledge society. Hence, this chapter proposes that the dominant phase of a society is not to be visualised as an independent system that is divorced from the other two, but to be understood as an extension of its past.
An Endogenous Switching Model to Poverty Dynamic Assessment in Tunisia
Authors: Jmaii Amal
Published: October 2018

This paper focus on the determinants of poverty dynamics in Tunisia by performing a two-stage endogenous model using a Bayesian algorithm to avoid missing data. Based on this approach author show that panel data analysis can be performed through potential variables such presented by the work of Donald B. Rubin. This contribution is rather empirical; researcher propose a method based on the concept of causal inference that enable to execute a panel data model using independent surveys. As the author assert the dependence between poverty status over time, they choose to use an endogenous switching model take into consideration the form of endogeneity caused by initial condition.
Corporate Governance
Authors: Goel Sandeep
Published: October 2018

In light of the increasing number of corporate frauds worldwide, there is a growing emphasis on corporate governance. These corporate misappropriations not only destroy shareholder value but also act as a detriment to economic growth and social change. Therefore, investors look for companies with better corporate governance to maximize their returns. Still, this aspect of corporate governance has been largely neglected in the existing studies. This chapter is therefore an attempt to address corporate governance and its effect on business performance in the context of economic growth and social transformation at the global level. It goes inside the black box of the financial matrix. The central issue that emerges is the criticality of key parameters in the corporate governance process for organisational performance. It is hoped that it will provide a new dimension to the existing body of corporate governance for global development with policy implications for the required growth and social change.
Key Aspects to Develop Long-Term Microfinance and Financial Inclusion for Social Development
Authors: Castro Omar Alonso Patiño
Published: October 2018

This chapter presents the main guidelines for microfinance to be a successful financial model, mainly for who do not have any access to the traditional financial market. The model can be active for reaching one of its main objectives (to reach poverty eradication worldwide). This will be achieved only if the microcredit institutions do not consider the operating conditions that may oblige them to be part of the traditional financial system. Nowadays, governments, financial sectors, and multilateral agencies have focused their efforts on financial inclusion, as a first experience before using a broad portfolio of microcredit services.
Locational Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the Vietnamese Economy
Authors: Le Ngoc , Li Xiaoqing , Yukhanaev Andrey
Published: October 2018

This chapter investigates the determinants of inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Vietnamese economy and their connection to the rapid economic growth the country has experienced. Using the concepts drawn from the extant Ownership-Location-Internalization (OLI) paradigm and Institutional-Based View (IBV) literature, and adopting a quantitative research with the application of secondary data analysis, the study found seven significant locational factors determining FDI inflows into the Vietnamese economy, such as business freedom, market size, labor cost, trade freedom level, inflation rate, human capital, and the effectiveness of property rights. Political risk, monetary freedom, corruption, the country's WTO accession, and the global financial crisis are found to be irrelevant to the inbound investments in the modern economy. A macro-level account and the policy implications are suggested for the promotion of FDI inflows into Vietnam to ensure the country's continuous and sustainable economic development.
A Crowd-Funder Value (CFV) Framework for Crowd-Investment
Authors: Jain Payal
Published: October 2018

Crowd-funding is used by business and social entrepreneurs to fund projects that impact society in many ways. Although crowd-funders fund and support entrepreneurial projects, stakeholders are less aware of crowd-funder motivations and behaviours towards products/services, which impact on the success of these projects. The purpose of this research, therefore, is two-fold: a) development of crowd-funder value framework for understanding crowd-funder motivations; and b) provision of robust theoretical basis to the construct of ‘crowd-funding'. Different social constructs, such as social identity, and symbolic, crowd and relational social capital related to crowd-funding are discussed based on symbolic convergence theory of communication and social identity theory. This framework will act as a roadmap to understand how crowd-funder motivations impact and create value for individuals, organisations and society, and inform how social, environmental and economic value and impact can be maximised through crowd-funding initiatives.
Hunger Hurts
Authors: Howarth Anita
Published: October 2018

Austerity food blogs have become prominent as household food budgets have become tighter, government finances constrained, and an ideology of austerity has become dominant. The British version of austerity privileges reducing government spending by cutting welfare benefits, and legitimizes this through individual failure explanations of poverty and stereotypes of benefit claimants. Austerity food blogs, written by those forced to live hand to mouth, are a hybrid form of digital culture that merges narratives of lived experience, food practices and political commentary in ways that challenge the dominant views on poverty. The popular blog A Girl Called Jack disrupts the austerity hegemony by breaking the silence that the stigma of poverty imposes on the impoverished and by personalizing poverty through Jack Monroe's narratives of her lived experience of it, inviting the reader's pity and refuting reductionist explanations of the causes of poverty. Monroe also challenges austerity through practices derived through her personal knowledge gained during her struggle to survive and eat healthily on £10-a-week food budget. This combination of narrative and survival practices written evocatively and eloquently resonate powerfully with readers; however the response to Monroe's blog highlights a deep uneasiness in British society over growing levels of poverty, and deep divisions over who is responsible for addressing it; and more fundamentally, over identifying and defining the modern poor and modern poverty.
Lorenz Curve, Gini Coefficient, and the Income Inequality in Turkey in the Last 13 Years
Authors: Bölükbaş Sema
Published: October 2018

Today income inequality and poverty are among highly disputed issues all over the world. It has been well understood that this problem can not be solved only with economic growth. Some social policy implementations conducive to redistribute the national income are essential to create a decrease in social and eceonomic inequalities. This is also true for Turkey. In last decade Turkey has managed high growth rates, budget discipline and improved some basic public services. As a result, absolute poverty rates decreased considerably. Although Turkey's welfare regime is going through a serious transformation process with effect of EU accession process, these policies have not been able to reduce relative poverty rates and income inequalities. Consequently Turkey's last decade is marked by high gini coefficients and income inequalities. It is obvious that there is a great need to develop a welfare regime which is able to establish a fairer income distribution.
Is the EU Moving Towards Sustainable Development?
Authors: Radulescu Irina Gabriela , Panait Mirela Clementina , Albu Madalina , Oprea Mihaela Ciopi
Published: October 2018

In accordance with its agenda, the EU wants to include actively every European citizen in society taking into consideration some challenges like poverty, gender inequalities, social exclusion or long-term unemployment. The economic crisis has influenced the indicators of social exclusion such as monetary poverty and living conditions, education and the access to labour market. The index “risk of poverty or social exclusion” is influenced by certain characteristics of the population (education level of parents, country of birth, degree of urbanization, activity, household type, age, tenure status, citizenship, sex etc.) being able to identify the most disadvantaged subgroups of it. This paper analyzes the evolution of this index in the European Union, taken in consideration its determinants.
Corruption, Business Climate, and Economic Growth
Authors: Chandan Harish C.
Published: October 2018

Corruption is globally pervasive. Defined as abuse of entrusted power for private gain (Transparency International, 2013), corruption represents a set of economic, social, cultural, and political practices that are secretive and rooted in greed, ambition, or quest for power. This chapter reviews causes of corruption including the macro- and micro-level determinants of corruption such as leadership, management, and organizational culture. Various subjective and objective measures of corruption are discussed. Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and Heritage Foundation's Economic Freedom Index (EFI) are reviewed. The World Bank's Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS), Doing Business Indicator (DBI), and World Bank Institute's Governance Indicator (WBI-GI) are also reviewed, as is the role of global anti-corruption agencies and various instruments. Additionally, the relationship between corruption and foreign domestic investment, economic growth, and economic and political institutions are considered, as are anti-corruption intervention strategies for corruption and business ethics training.
Meaningful Youth Engagement Through Media Usage
Authors: Iwasaki Yoshitaka
Published: October 2018

Guided by the literature on youth engagement and media studies globally, this conceptual article examines the key engagement-related notions involving youth and media usage. A central argument of the article is that meaningful youth engagement can be considered a key concept in describing youth's use of hybrid media that reflects the diversity of youth populations and their media usage. Specifically, such media-involved youth engagement can be seen as an important meaning-making activity within youth's lives that can potentially build social and cultural capital, including through social relationships and youth-led political activism. Aligned theoretically with positive youth development (PYD) and social justice youth development (SJYD) frameworks, this article suggests that youth's hybrid media usage can be seen as a meaningful youth-engagement activity that can provide opportunities to promote skills/competences leading to positive development, and to address human rights and other social justice issues in an empowered, meaningful way.
Reducing Poverty and Sustaining Growth
Authors: Nisha Nabila , Rifat Afrin
Published: October 2018

Microfinance institutions have been effective rural banking channels that extended financial services to low-income individuals, particularly women in developing country settings. Since its inception, microfinance has evolved as an economic development approach and has grown to enormous scale in Bangladesh, with a reported approximate 23 million borrowers in a country of roughly 150 million people. These numbers reveal the highest population saturation of microfinance in any country. However, with the maturity of the microfinance market in recent years, competition has subsequently increased among various financial and non-financial institutions. Against this backdrop of intense competition, this chapter aims to focus on the current institutions of Bangladesh that has made the microfinance service almost a sole option for the downtrodden segment of the low-income society. In particular, various approaches of microfinance and its operational structure by these institutions including the challenges and attributions of a dynamic micro credit concept will be highlighted.
Real-Time Monitoring of Intercity Passenger Flows Based on Big Data
Authors: Li Zheng , Wang Yan , Chen Qin
Published: October 2018

Managing population mobility is a key to urban growth and sustainable development. This study uses administrative and business data from a number of trustworthy and publicly-available websites for public transport to access passenger flows in a real-time manner. A case study is used to illustrate the application, with intercity passenger flows by public transport mode (rail or air), by rail service type and by time. Moreover, a model is developed for monitoring the implications of population movements, which can be a decision support tool for governments and policy makers to manage population mobility. The big-data approach to accessing public transport passenger movement has the following characteristics: (1) low cost, (2) a population scale, (3) instantaneous data collection/update, and (4) high quality.