bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase Transition of Waxy and Normal Wheat Starch Granules during Gelatinization
Authors: Chen Pei , Liu Xingxun , Zhang Xiao , Sangwan Parveen , Yu Long
Published: October 2015

The phase transition of waxy and normal wheat starches was systematically studied by light microscopy (LM) with a hot-stage, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While being heated in water, waxy wheat starch showed a higher gelatinization enthalpy than that for the normal starch, which was also verified by the changes in birefringence. As confirmed by LM and CLSM, starch granules displayed an increased swelling degree with temperature increasing, and the gelatinization initially occurred at the hilum (botanical center) of the granules and then spread rapidly to the periphery. While the temperature range of birefringence was narrower than that of granule size change, the crystalline structure was melted at lower temperatures than those for the molecular orders. These results indicate that starch gelatinization was a complex process rather than a simple order-to-disorder granule transition.
Preparation and Microwave Absorbing Properties of an Electroless Ni‐Co Coating on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Using [Ag(NH3)2]+ as Activator
Authors: Li Qiao-ling , He Xiao-yong , Zhang Yue-qing , Yang Xiao-feng
Published: October 2015

Ni‐Co‐coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites with different molar ratios of Ni/Co were synthesized using [Ag(NH3)2]+ as activator and as reductant, thereby replacing the conventional noble metal Pd salt activator and Sn2+ reductant. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometry analyses demonstrated that the CNTs were deposited with a dense, uniform Ni‐Co coating. The possible mechanism of the electroless method was studied, which indicates that pure Ag0 acted as a nucleation site for subsequent Ni‐Co‐P deposition. Network vector analyzer measurements indicated that the composite with only Ni coated had an absorbing value of −12.6 dB and the composite with a Ni/Co ratio of four had the maximum wave absorption (−15.6 dB) and the widest absorption bandwidth (800 MHz, RL < −10 dB), while the saturation magnetization (Ms) was 4.28 emu·g−1 and the coercive force (Hc) was 31.33 Oe.
A Multiple Resonant Frequencies Circular Reconfigurable Antenna Investigated with Wireless Powering in a Concrete Block
Authors: Punjala Shishir Shanker , Pissinou Niki , Makki Kia
Published: October 2015

A novel broadband reconfigurable antenna design that can cover different frequency bands is presented. This antenna has multiple resonant frequencies. The reflection coefficient graphs for this antenna are presented in this paper. The new proposed design was investigated along with RF MEMS switches and the results are also presented. Investigations were carried out to check the efficiency of the antenna in the wireless powering domain. The antenna was placed in a concrete block and its result comparison to that of a dipole antenna is also presented in this paper.
On the Classical Paranormed Sequence Spaces and Related Duals over the Non-Newtonian Complex Field
Authors: Kadak Uğur , Kirişci Murat , Çakmak Ahmet Faruk
Published: October 2015

The studies on sequence spaces were extended by using the notion of associated multiplier sequences. A multiplier sequence can be used to accelerate the convergence of the sequences in some spaces. In some sense, it can be viewed as a catalyst, which is used to accelerate the process of chemical reaction. Sometimes the associated multiplier sequence delays the rate of convergence of a sequence. In the present paper, the classical paranormed sequence spaces have been introduced and proved that the spaces are⋆-complete. By using the notion of multiplier sequence, theα-,β-, andγ-duals of certain paranormed spaces have been computed and their basis has been constructed.
Effect of Mesh on Springback in 3D Finite Element Analysis of Flexible Microrolling
Authors: Qu Feijun , Jiang Zhengyi , Lu Haina
Published: October 2015

In flexible microrolling, springback in thickness direction is a critical indicator to determine the forming quality. Accurate prediction of springback is one of the significant aspects in the finite element analysis of flexible microrolling. Meshing is a step of great importance in finite element analysis of manufacturing process as it directly determines the accuracy of the FEA results as well as the requested computational time. This paper presents a numerical study on revealing the mesh effects on the accuracy of springback estimation utilising ABAQUS/Standard for modelling and analyses. Two types of meshes with six mesh sizes for each mesh type are considered in this study and the optimal mesh type and mesh size have been found to obtain accurate value of springback while saving as much computational time as possible.
Almostλr-Statistical and Strongly Almostλr-Convergence of Orderβof Sequences of Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Işık Mahmut , Et Mikail
Published: October 2015

The main purpose of this article is to introduce the concepts of almostλr-statistical convergence and strongly almostλr-convergence of orderβof sequences of fuzzy numbers with respect to an Orlicz function. We give some relations between strongly almostλr-convergence and almostλr-statistical convergence of orderβof sequences of fuzzy numbers.
Investigations on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Resins Based on Cu(II)phthalocyanines
Authors: Youssef Tamer E. , Al-Turaif Hamad , Wazzan AbdulAziz A.
Published: October 2015

This work report was reported on the effect of the addition of organic filler, that is, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-octahydroxycopper(II)phthalocyanine [(OH)8CuPc] (3), on the thermal, tensile, and morphological properties of a polyurethane matrix. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical thermal tests together with microstructural characterization of CuPc/PU composites were performed. The three PU composite films containing up to 1, 15, and 30 wt% of CuPc have different behaviors in terms of their morphological issues, thermal properties, and tensile behavior in comparison with the PU film as the reference material. Very high elongations at break from 910% to 1230%, as well as high tensile strengths, illustrate excellent ultimate tensile properties of the prepared samples. The best mechanical and thermomechanical properties were found for the sample filled with 30 wt% of CuPc.
“Ninjinto” (Ginseng Decoction), a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Immune Competence in Patients with Chronic Intestinal Failure
Authors: Uehara Shuichiro , Ogawa Keiko , Arimitsu Junsuke , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: October 2015

Background. Treating functional gastrointestinal disorders is extremely difficult. We herein report the effect of the oral administration of Ninjinto (NJT, ginseng decoction), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, on chronic intestinal failure.Patients and Methods. Seven patients with chronic intestinal failure treated with NJT were evaluated in this study. The primary diseases included chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO:n=4), short bowel syndrome (SBS:n=2), and intestinal atresian=1. All patients orally received NJT extract granules at a dose of 0.3 g/kg BW per day. The treatment outcomes were then assessed according to the patients’ symptoms and consecutive abdominal X-ray findings.Results. The targeted symptoms were abdominal distension in four patients, diarrhea in three patients, and frequent hospitalization due to infections in two patients. An improvement in the symptoms was observed in six of the seven patients, whereas one patient with SBS did not show any improvement. An improvement in an abdominal roentgenogram was observed in the four patients with remarkably dilated bowel loops due to CIPO.Conclusions. NJT may be effective in controlling functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with chronic intestinal failure. The use of Kampo medicine in the field of pediatric surgery may help to improve the quality of life in children suffering from such conditions.
Stabilization of Discrete-Time Delayed Systems via Partially Delay-Dependent Controllers
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Li Boyu
Published: October 2015

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of discrete-time delayed systems, whose stabilizing controller is firstly designed to be partially delay-dependent. The distribution property of such a controller is firstly described by a discrete-time Markov chain with two modes. It is seen that two traditionally special cases of state feedback controller without or with time delay, respectively, are included. Based on the proposed controller, new stabilization conditions depending on some probabilities are developed. Because of the established results with LMI forms, they are further extended to more general cases that the transition probabilities are uncertain and totally unknown, while more applications are also given in detail. Finally, numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods.
The Calcium Sensor CBL-CIPK Is Involved in Plant’s Response to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Manik S. M. Nuruzzaman , Shi Sujuan , Mao Jingjing , Dong Lianhong , Su Yulong , Wang Qian , Liu Haobao
Published: October 2015

Abiotic stress halts the physiological and developmental process of plant. During stress condition, CBL-CIPK complex is identified as a primary element of calcium sensor to perceive environmental signals. Recent studies established that this complex regulates downstream targets like ion channels and transporters in adverse stages conditions. Crosstalks between the CBL-CIPK complex and different abiotic stresses can extend our research area, which can improve and increase the production of genetically modified crops in response to abiotic stresses. How this complex links with environmental signals and creates adjustable circumstances under unfavorable conditions is now one of the burning issues. Diverse studies are already underway to delineate this signalling mechanism underlying different interactions. Therefore, up to date experimental results should be concisely published, thus paving the way for further research. The present review will concisely recapitulate the recent and ongoing research progress of positive ions (Mg2+, Na+, and K+), negative ions (NO3-,PO4-), and hormonal signalling, which are evolving from accumulating results of analyses of CBL and CIPK loss- or gain-of-function experiments in different species along with some progress and perspectives of our works. In a word, this review will give one step forward direction for more functional studies in this area.
Correlation of Interfacial Transportation Properties of CdS/CdTe Heterojunction and Performance of CdTe Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Guanggen , Zhang Jingquan , Wang Wenwu , Feng Lianghuan
Published: October 2015

The light and dark output performances of CdS/CdTe solar cells made by close-spaced sublimation (CSS) were investigated to elucidate the transportation properties of carriers at CdS/CdTe heterojunction interface. It has been found that the interfacial transportation properties were relatively sensitive to variations of the characteristics of heterojunction due to the series resistance and shunting effects. For the high quality cell with 12.1% efficiency, narrow depletion region of ~1.1 microns and large electric field intensity of ~1.3 V/μm allow the sufficient energy-band bending close to CdS layer at CdS/CdTe heterojunction, which changes the carrier transportation mechanism from emission to diffusion and leads to the optimal rectifying characteristics with small dark saturation current density ~6.4 × 10−10 A/cm2. As a result, the schematic diagram of heterojunction band structure corresponding to various performances of solar cells has also been presented.
Effects of the Variation in Brain Tissue Mechanical Properties on the Intracranial Response of a 6-Year-Old Child
Authors: Cui Shihai , Li Haiyan , Li Xiangnan , Ruan Jesse
Published: October 2015

Brain tissue mechanical properties are of importance to investigate child head injury using finite element (FE) method. However, these properties used in child head FE model normally vary in a large range in published literatures because of the insufficient child cadaver experiments. In this work, a head FE model with detailed anatomical structures is developed from the computed tomography (CT) data of a 6-year-old healthy child head. The effects of brain tissue mechanical properties on traumatic brain response are also analyzed by reconstruction of a head impact on engine hood according to Euro-NCAP testing regulation using FE method. The result showed that the variations of brain tissue mechanical parameters in linear viscoelastic constitutive model had different influences on the intracranial response. Furthermore, the opposite trend was obtained in the predicted shear stress and shear strain of brain tissues caused by the variations of mentioned parameters.
EMRlog Method for Computer Security for Electronic Medical Records with Logic and Data Mining
Authors: Martínez Monterrubio Sergio Mauricio , Frausto Solis Juan , Monroy Borja Raúl
Published: October 2015

The proper functioning of a hospital computer system is an arduous work for managers and staff. However, inconsistent policies are frequent and can produce enormous problems, such as stolen information, frequent failures, and loss of the entire or part of the hospital data. This paper presents a new method named EMRlog for computer security systems in hospitals. EMRlog is focused on two kinds of security policies: directive and implemented policies. Security policies are applied to computer systems that handle huge amounts of information such as databases, applications, and medical records. Firstly, a syntactic verification step is applied by using predicate logic. Then data mining techniques are used to detect which security policies have really been implemented by the computer systems staff. Subsequently, consistency is verified in both kinds of policies; in addition these subsets are contrasted and validated. This is performed by an automatic theorem prover. Thus, many kinds of vulnerabilities can be removed for achieving a safer computer system.
The Potential Role of NFAT5 and Osmolarity in Peritoneal Injury
Authors: Seeger Harald , Kitterer Daniel , Latus Joerg , Alscher Mark Dominik , Braun Niko , Segerer Stephan
Published: October 2015

A rise in osmotic concentration (osmolarity) activates the transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 5 (NFAT5, also known as Tonicity-responsive Enhancer Binding Protein, TonEBP). This is part of a regulatory mechanism of cells adjusting to environments of high osmolarity. Under physiological conditions these are particularly important in the kidney. Activation of NFAT5 results in the modulation of various genes including some which promote inflammation. The osmolarity increases in patients with renal failure. Additionally, in peritoneal dialysis the cells of the peritoneal cavity are repeatedly exposed to a rise and fall in osmotic concentrations. Here we review the current information about NFAT5 activation in uremic patients and patients on peritoneal dialysis. We suggest that high osmolarity promotes injury in the “uremic” milieu, which results in inflammation locally in the peritoneal membrane, but most likely also in the systemic circulation.
Supercritical Algal Extracts: A Source of Biologically Active Compounds from Nature
Authors: Michalak Izabela , Dmytryk Agnieszka , Wieczorek Piotr P. , Rój Edward , Łęska Bogusława , Górka Bogusława , Messyasz Beata , Lipok Jacek , Mikulewicz Marcin , Wilk Radosław , Schroeder Grzegorz , Chojnacka Katarzyna
Published: October 2015

The paper discusses the potential applicability of the process of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in the production of algal extracts with the consideration of the process conditions and yields. State of the art in the research on solvent-free isolation of biologically active compounds from the biomass of algae was presented. Various aspects related with the properties of useful compounds found in cells of microalgae and macroalgae were discussed, including their potential applications as the natural components of plant protection products (biostimulants and bioregulators), dietary feed and food supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Analytical methods of determination of the natural compounds derived from algae were discussed. Algal extracts produced by SFE process enable obtaining a solvent-free concentrate of biologically active compounds; however, detailed economic analysis, as well as elaboration of products standardization procedures, is required in order to implement the products in the market.
A Quadratic Model with Nonpolynomial Terms for Remote Colorimetric Calibration of 3D Laser Scanner Data Based on Piecewise Cubic Hermite Polynomials
Authors: Danielis Alessandro , Guarneri Massimiliano , Francucci Massimo , Ferri De Collibus Mario , Fornetti Giorgio , Mencattini Arianna
Published: October 2015

The processing of intensity data from terrestrial laser scanners has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Accurate calibrated intensity could give added value for laser scanning campaigns, for example, in producing faithful 3D colour models of real targets and classifying easier and more reliable automatic tools. In cultural heritage area, the purely geometric information provided by the vast majority of currently available scanners is not enough for most applications, where indeed accurate colorimetric data is needed. This paper presents a remote calibration method for self-registered RGB colour data provided by a 3D tristimulus laser scanner prototype. Such distinguishing colour information opens new scenarios and problems for remote colorimetry. Using piecewise cubic Hermite polynomials, a quadratic model with nonpolynomial terms for reducing inaccuracies occurring in remote colour measurement is implemented. Colorimetric data recorded by the prototype on certified diffusive targets is processed for generating a remote Lambertian model used for assessing the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Results concerning laser scanner digitizations of artworks are reported to confirm the effectiveness of the method.
Sleep Deficiency and Deprivation Leading to Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kohansieh Michelle , Makaryus Amgad N.
Published: October 2015

Sleep plays a vital role in an individual’s mental, emotional, and physiological well-being. Not only does sleep deficiency lead to neurological and psychological disorders, but also the literature has explored the adverse effects of sleep deficiency on the cardiovascular system. Decreased quantity and quality of sleep have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We explore the literature correlating primary sleep deficiency and deprivation as a cause for cardiovascular disease and cite endothelial dysfunction as a common underlying mechanism.
Cross-Omics Comparison of Stress Responses in Mesothelial Cells Exposed to Heat- versus Filter-Sterilized Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids
Authors: Kratochwill Klaus , Bender Thorsten O. , Lichtenauer Anton M. , Herzog Rebecca , Tarantino Silvia , Bialas Katarzyna , Jörres Achim , Aufricht Christoph
Published: October 2015

Recent research suggests that cytoprotective responses, such as expression of heat-shock proteins, might be inadequately induced in mesothelial cells by heat-sterilized peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids. This study compares transcriptome data and multiple protein expression profiles for providing new insight into regulatory mechanisms. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) based proteomics and topic defined gene expression microarray-based transcriptomics techniques were used to evaluate stress responses in human omental peritoneal mesothelial cells in response to heat- or filter-sterilized PD fluids. Data from selected heat-shock proteins were validated by 2D western-blot analysis. Comparison of proteomics and transcriptomics data discriminated differentially regulated protein abundance into groups depending on correlating or noncorrelating transcripts. Inadequate abundance of several heat-shock proteins following exposure to heat-sterilized PD fluids is not reflected on the mRNA level indicating interference beyond transcriptional regulation. For the first time, this study describes evidence for posttranscriptional inadequacy of heat-shock protein expression by heat-sterilized PD fluids as a novel cytotoxic property. Cross-omics technologies introduce a novel way of understanding PDF bioincompatibility and searching for new interventions to reestablish adequate cytoprotective responses.
Characterization ofJatropha curcasL. Protein Cast Films with respect to Packaging Relevant Properties
Authors: Gofferje Gabriele , Schmid Markus , Stäbler Andreas
Published: October 2015

There is increasing research ongoing towards the substitution of petrochemical based plastics by more sustainable raw materials, especially in the field of bioplastics. Proteins of different types such as whey, casein, gelatine, or zein show potential beyond the food and feed industry as, for instance, the application in packaging. Protein based coatings provide different packaging relevant properties such as barrier against permanent gases, certain water vapour barrier, and mechanical resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for packaging applications of proteins fromJatropha curcasL. and to compare the performance with literature data on cast films from whey protein isolate. As a by-product from oil extraction, high amounts ofJatrophameal are obtained requiring a concept for its sustainable utilization.Jatrophaseed cake includes up to 40% (w/w) of protein which is currently not utilized. The present study provides new data on the potential ofJatrophaprotein for packaging applications. It was shown thatJatrophaprotein cast films show suitable barrier and mechanical properties depending on the extraction and purification method as well as on the plasticiser content. Based on these findingsJatrophaproteins own potential to be utilized as coating material for food packaging applications.
Effect of Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration on Anaerobic Degradation Rate from Field Anaerobic Digestion Facilities Treating Food Waste Leachate in South Korea
Authors: Lee Dong-Jin , Lee Su-Young , Bae Ji-Su , Kang Jung-Gu , Kim Ki-Heon , Rhee Sung-Su , Park Jong-Hwan , Cho Ju-Sik , Chung Jin , Seo Dong-Cheol
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of volatile fatty acid concentration on anaerobic degradation rate of food waste leachate in the anaerobic digestion facilities. The anaerobic digestion facilities treating food waste leachate (FWL), codigestion with food leachate and animal manure (A-MIX), and codigestion with food waste leachate and sewage sludge (S-MIX) were selected for this study. In accordance with the regulation under Wastes Control Act in South Korea, the guideline of volatile solid removal rate for anaerobic digestion facility is set as 65% for anaerobic degradation efficiency. Highest volatile solids removal rates were achieved from FWL (63.5%) than A-MIX (56.4%) and S-MIX (41.2%). Four out of eight FWLs met the guidelines. The concentration of volatile fatty acids, therefore, was analyzed to determine the relationship with volatile solid removal rate. The results showed that, in order to meet the Korean guideline of 65% volatile solid removal rate, volatile fatty acid concentrations should remain below 4,000 mg/L on the field anaerobic digestion facilities treating FWL. Volatile fatty acid concentrations should be used along with others as an operational parameter to control and manage the anaerobic digestion process.
Tibia Fracture Healing Prediction Using First-Order Mathematical Model
Authors: Sridevi M. , Prakasam P. , Kumaravel S. , Madhava Sarma P.
Published: October 2015

The prediction of healing period of a tibia fracture in humans across limb using first-order mathematical model is demonstrated. At present, fracture healing is diagnosed using X-rays. Recent studies have demonstrated electric stimulation as a diagnostic tool in fracture healing. A DC electric voltage of 0.7 V was applied across the fracture and stabilized with Teflon coated carbon rings and the data was recorded at different time intervals until the fracture heals. The experimental data fitted a first-order plus dead time zero model (FOPDTZ) that coincided with the mathematical model of electrical simulated tibia fracture limb. Fracture healing diagnosis was proposed using model parameter process gain. Current stabilization in terms of process gain parameter becoming constant indicates that the healing of fracture is a new finding in the work. An error analysis was performed and it was observed that the measured data correlated to the FOPDTZ model with an error of less than 2 percent. Prediction of fracture healing period was done by one of the identified model parameters, namely, process gain. Moreover, mathematically, it is justified that once the fracture is completely united there is no capacitance present across the fracture site, which is a novelty of the work.
Warm Needling Therapy and Acupuncture at Meridian-Sinew Sites Based on the Meridian-Sinew Theory: Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain
Authors: Zhao Hong , Nie Wenbin , Sun Yuxiu , Li Sinuo , Yang Su , Meng Fanying , Zhang Liping , Wang Fang , Huang Shixi
Published: October 2015

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of warm needling acupuncture at meridian-sinew sites based on the meridian-sinew theory in the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) after stroke. In total, 124 subjects were randomized into a treatment group and control group. In the treatment group, warm needling therapy and acupuncture at meridian-sinew sites based on the meridian-sinew theory were performed. In the control group, usual care therapy was applied. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, range of motion (ROM), and Barthel index (BI) were used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. At 2 weeks of treatment, the VAS score, ROM, and BI had obviously changed from baseline in the two groups (P< 0.01). The changes in the VAS score and ROM in the treatment group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P< 0.01). At the 3-month follow-up after treatment, the changes in the treatment group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P< 0.01). This study indicates that warm needling therapy with acupuncture at meridian-sinew sites based on the meridian-sinew theory is effective for HSP.
Proactive Alleviation Procedure to Handle Black Hole Attack and Its Version
Authors: Babu M. Rajesh , Dian S. Moses , Chelladurai Siva , Palaniappan Mathiyalagan
Published: October 2015

The world is moving towards a new realm of computing such as Internet of Things. The Internet of Things, however, envisions connecting almost all objects within the world to the Internet by recognizing them as smart objects. In doing so, the existing networks which include wired, wireless, and ad hoc networks should be utilized. Moreover, apart from other networks, the ad hoc network is full of security challenges. For instance, the MANET (mobile ad hoc network) is susceptible to various attacks in which the black hole attacks and its versions do serious damage to the entire MANET infrastructure. The severity of this attack increases, when the compromised MANET nodes work in cooperation with each other to make a cooperative black hole attack. Therefore this paper proposes an alleviation procedure which consists of timely mandate procedure, hole detection algorithm, and sensitive guard procedure to detect the maliciously behaving nodes. It has been observed that the proposed procedure is cost‐effective and ensures QoS guarantee by assuring resource availability thus making the MANET appropriate for Internet of Things.
Ulam-Hyers Stability of Trigonometric Functional Equation with Involution
Authors: Chung Jaeyoung , Choi Chang-Kwon , Kim Jongjin
Published: October 2015

LetSandGbe a commutative semigroup and a commutative group, respectively,CandR+the sets of complex numbers and nonnegative real numbers, respectively, andσ:S→Sorσ:G→Gan involution. In this paper, we first investigate general solutions of the functional equationf(x+σy)=f(x)g(y)-g(x)f(y)for allx,y∈S, wheref,g:S→C. We then prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation; that is, we study the functional inequality|f(x+σy)-f(x)g(y)+g(x)f(y)|≤ψ(y)for allx,y∈G, wheref,g:G→Candψ:G→R+.
Role of Ketamine in Acute Postoperative Pain Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Radvansky Brian M. , Shah Khushbu , Parikh Anant , Sifonios Anthony N. , Le Vanny , Eloy Jean D.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. The objective of this narrative review was to examine the usage of ketamine as a postoperative analgesic agent across a wide variety of surgeries.Design. A literature search was performed using the phrases “ketamine” and “postoperative pain.” The authors analyzed the studies that involved testing ketamine’s effectiveness at controlling postoperative pain. Effectiveness was assessed through various outcomes such as the amount of opiate consumption, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and persistent postoperative pain at long-term follow-up.Results. While many different administration protocols were evaluated, delivering ketamine both as a pre- or perioperative bolus and postoperative infusion for up to 48 hours appeared to be the most effective. These effects are dose-dependent. However, a number of studies analyzed showed no benefit in using ketamine versus placebo for controlling postoperative pain. While ketamine is a safe and well-tolerated drug, it does have adverse effects, and there are concerns for possible neurotoxicity and effects on memory.Conclusions. In a number of limited situations, ketamine has shown some efficacy in controlling postoperative pain and decreasing opioid consumption. More randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the surgical procedures and administrations (i.e., intravenous, epidural) that ketamine is best suited for.
Evaluation of Natural Materials as Exogenous Carbon Sources for Biological Treatment of Low Carbon-to-Nitrogen Wastewater
Authors: Ramírez-Godínez Juan , Beltrán-Hernández Icela , Álvarez-Hernández Alejandro , Coronel-Olivares Claudia , Contreras-López Elizabeth , Quezada-Cruz Maribel , Vázquez-Rodríguez Gabriela
Published: October 2015

In the bacterial processes involved in the mitigation of nitrogen pollution, an adequately high carbon-to-nitrogen (C : N) ratio is key to sustain denitrification. We evaluated three natural materials (woodchips, barley grains, and peanut shells) as carbon sources for low C : N wastewater. The amount of organic matter released from these materials to aqueous media was evaluated, as well as their pollution swapping potential by measuring the release of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, N-NH4+,NO2-, andNO3-, and total phosphorous. Barley grains yielded the highest amount of organic matter, which also showed to be the most easily biodegradable. Woodchips and peanut shells released carbon rather steadily and so they would not require frequent replenishment from biological reactors. These materials produced eluates with lower concentrations of nutrients than the leachates from barley grains. However, as woodchips yielded lower amounts of suspended solids, they constitute an adequate exogenous source for the biological treatment of carbon-deficient effluents.
Singlet Extensions of the MSSM withZ4RSymmetry
Authors: Ratz Michael , Vaudrevange Patrick K. S.
Published: October 2015

We discuss singlet extensions of the MSSM withZ4Rsymmetry. We show that holomorphic zeros can avoid a potentially large coefficient of the term linear in the singlet. The emerging model has both an effectiveμterm and a supersymmetric mass term for the singletμNwhich are controlled by the gravitino mass. Theμterm turns out to be suppressed againstμNby about one or two orders of magnitude. We argue that this class of models might provide us with a solution to the little hierarchy problem of the MSSM.
Preparation and Application of Fluorescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Zuo Jun , Jiang Tao , Zhao Xiaojing , Xiong Xiaohong , Xiao Saijin , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2015

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are a novel type of fluorescent nanomaterials, which not only possess the specific quantum confinement effects of nanomaterials due to the small size of nanomaterials, but also have good biocompatibility and high fluorescence. Meanwhile, fluorescence CDs overcome the shortcomings of high toxicity of traditional nanomaterials. Moreover, the preparation procedure of fluorescent CDs is simple and easy. Therefore, fluorescent CDs have great potential applied in photocatalysis, biochemical sensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and other related areas. In this paper, recent hot researches on fluorescent CDs are reviewed and some problems in the progress of fluorescent CDs are also summarized. At last, a future outlook in this direction is presented.
The Influence of Pelvic Ramus Fracture on the Stability of Fixed Pelvic Complex Fracture
Authors: Lei Jianyin , Zhang Yue , Wu Guiying , Wang Zhihua , Cai Xianhua
Published: October 2015

This study aims to evaluate the biomechanical mechanism of pelvic ring injury for the stability of pelvis using the finite element (FE) method. Complex pelvic fracture (i.e., anterior column with posterior hemitransverse lesion) combined with pelvic ramus fracture was used to evaluate the biomechanics stability of the pelvis. Three FE fracture models (i.e., Dynamic Anterior Plate-Screw System for Quadrilateral Area (DAPSQ) for complex pelvic fracture with intact pubic ramus, DAPSQ for complex pelvic fracture with pubic ramus fracture, and DAPSQ for complex pelvic fracture with fixed pubic ramus fracture) were established to explore the biomechanics stability of the pelvis. The pubic ramus fracture leads to an unsymmetrical situation and an unstable situation of the pelvis. The fixed pubic ramus fracture did well in reducing the stress levels of the pelvic bone and fixation system, as well as displacement difference in the pubic symphysis, and it could change the unstable situation back to a certain extent. The pelvic ring integrity was the prerequisite of the pelvic stability and should be in a stable condition when the complex fracture is treated.
Aluminum-TolerantPisolithusEctomycorrhizas Confer Increased Growth, Mineral Nutrition, and Metal Tolerance toEucalyptusin Acidic Mine Spoil
Authors: Egerton-Warburton Louise
Published: October 2015

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) may increase the tolerance of their host plants to Al toxicity by immobilizing Al in fungal tissues and/or improving plant mineral nutrition. Although these benefits have been demonstrated inin vitro(pure culture) or short-term nutrient solution (hydroponic) experiments, fewer studies have examined these benefits in the field. This study examined the growth, mineral nutrition, and Al levels in twoEucalyptusspecies inoculated with threePisolithusecotypes that varied in Al tolerance (in vitro) and grown in mine spoil in the greenhouse and field. All three ecotypes ofPisolithusimprovedEucalyptusgrowth and increased host plant tolerance to Al in comparison to noninoculated plants. However, large variations in plant growth and mineral nutrition were detected among thePisolithus-inoculated plants; these differences were largely explained by the functional properties of thePisolithusinoculum. Seedlings inoculated with the most Al-tolerantPisolithusinoculum showed significantly higher levels of N, P, Ca, Mg, and K and lower levels of Al than seedlings inoculated with Al-sensitive ecotypes ofPisolithus. These findings indicate an agreement between the fungal tolerance to Alin vitroand performance in symbiosis, indicating that both ECM-mediated mineral nutrient acquisition and Al accumulation are important in increasing the host plant Al tolerance.
Impact of Short-Stay Urethroplasty on Health-Related Quality of Life and Patient’s Perception of Timing of Discharge
Authors: Okafor Henry , Nikolavsky Dmitriy
Published: October 2015

Objective.To evaluate health-related quality of life in patients after a short-stay or outpatient urethroplasty.Methods.Over a 2-year period a validated health-related quality-of-life questionnaire, EuroQol (EQ-5D), was administered to all patients after urethroplasty. Postoperatively patients were offered to be sent home immediately or to stay overnight. Within 24 hours after discharge they were assessed for mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety and depression. An additional question assessing timing of discharge was added to the survey. Clinical and operative characteristics were examined.Results.Forty-eight patients after anterior urethroplasty completed the survey. Mean age and mean stricture length were 51.6 years (21–78) and 60 mm (5–200 mm), respectively. Most etiologies were idiopathic (50%n= 24), trauma (19%,n= 9), and iatrogenic (19%,n= 9). Forty-one patients (85%) stayed overnight, while 7 patients (15%) chose to be discharged the same day. Overall, ninety-six percent were discharged within 23 hours of surgery. In the short-stay and the outpatient cohorts, 90% and 86%, respectively, felt they were discharged on time. No patient reported a severe problem with postoperative pain or mobility.Conclusions.The majority of patients discharged soon after their procedure felt that discharge timing was appropriate and their health-related quality of life was only minimally affected.
Short-Term Effect of Laser Acupuncture on Lower Back Pain: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Shin Jae-Young , Ku Boncho , Kim Jaeuk U. , Lee Yu Jung , Kang Jae Hui , Heo Hyun , Choi Hyo-Joon , Lee Jun-Hwan
Published: October 2015

Purpose. This trial was performed to investigate the efficacy of laser acupuncture for the alleviation of lower back pain.Methods. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Fifty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the laser acupuncture group (n=28) or the sham laser acupuncture group (n=28). Participants in both groups received three treatment sessions over the course of one week. Thirteen acupuncture points were selected. The visual analogue scale for pain, pressure pain threshold, Patient Global Impression of Change, and Euro-Quality-of-Life Five Dimensions questionnaire (Korean version) were used to evaluate the effect of laser acupuncture treatment on lower back pain.Results. There were no significant differences in any outcome between the two groups, although the participants in both groups showed a significant improvement in each assessed parameter relative to the baseline values.Conclusion. Although there was no significant difference in outcomes between the two groups, the results suggest that laser acupuncture can provide effective pain alleviation and can be considered an option for relief from lower back pain. Further studies using long-term intervention, a larger sample size, and rigorous methodology are required to clarify the effect of laser acupuncture on lower back pain.
Enhancement of Nutrient Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland Utilizing an Electric Fan Air Blower with Renewable Energy of Solar and Wind Power
Authors: Lee Dong Jin , Kang Se Won , Park Jong Hwan , Kim Seong Heon , Choi Ik Won , Hwang Tae Hee , Lim Byung Jin , Jung Soo Jung , Park Ha Na , Cho Ju Sik , Seo Dong Cheol
Published: October 2015

The sewage treatment efficiency of hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) was evaluated under different ventilation methods. The removal efficiencies of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the vertical flow- (VF-) horizontal flow (HF) CWs using an electric fan air blower by the renewable energy of solar and wind power were higher than those by natural ventilation, excluding only suspended solids (SS). The TN treatment efficiency in the CW using the air blower especially increased rapidly by 16.6% in comparison with the CW employing natural ventilation, since the VF bed provided suitable conditions (aerobic) for nitrification to occur. The average removal efficiencies of BOD, SS, TN, and TP in the effluent were 98.8, 97.4, 58.0, and 48.3% in the CW using an electric fan air blower, respectively. The treatment performance of the CWs under different ventilation methods was assessed, showing TN in the CW using an electric fan air blower to be reduced by 57.5~58.6% for inlet TN loading, whereas reduction by 19.0~53.3% was observed in the CW with natural ventilation. Therefore, to increase the removal of nutrients in CWs, an improved ventilation system, providing ventilation via an electric fan air blower with the renewable energy, is recommended.
Qualitative Analysis of a Quadratic Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Model with State-Dependent Feedback Control
Authors: Tang Guangyao , Yang Jin , Tang Sanyi
Published: October 2015

Spiking neuron models which exhibit rich dynamics are usually defined by hybrid dynamical systems. It is revealed that mathematical analysis of these models has important significance. Therefore, in this work, we provide a comprehensively qualitative analysis for a quadratic integrate-and-fire model by using the theories of hybrid dynamical system. Firstly, the exact impulsive and phase sets are defined according to the phase portraits of the proposed model, and then the Poincaré map is constructed. Furthermore, the conditions for the existence and stability of an order 1 periodic solution are provided. Moreover, the existence and nonexistence of an orderk  k≥2periodic solution have been studied theoretically and numerically, and the results show that the system has periodic solutions with any period. Finally, some biological implications of the mathematical results are discussed.
Reduction of Phosphorus Pollution from Broilers Waste through Supplementation of Wheat Based Broilers Feed with Phytase
Authors: Abdel-Megeed Ahmed , Tahir Arifa
Published: October 2015

The present study was conducted to reduce phosphorus pollution from broilers waste by supplementing phytase enzyme in broilers fee. Two hundred two-week-old broilers (Hubbard) were selected and randomly allocated to three dietary treatment groups, one control group (without phytase) and two trial groups (group A with 300 U/kg phytase and group B with 600 U/kg phytase). Each group was composed of 5 replicates with 10 chicks. Broilers fed the control diet (without phytase) gained weight slower (P< 0.05) than the other treatment groups. A significant increase in body weight gain of group A (28.00 ± 2.97) and group B (29.75 ± 3.45) was observed as compared to control group (26.75 ± 2.78). The feed intake of the birds fed the diets containing microbial phytase 600 U/kg was the highest. Phytase significantly (P> 0.05) reduces excreta P and Ca level. Phytase addition did not affect excreta pH. The presence of phytase in feed mixtures significantly (P> 0.05) improves the body weight gain and feed intake of broiler chickens.
Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2 Is a Novel Plasma Biomarker and Prognosticator for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Secretome-Based Verification Study
Authors: Chiang Sum-Fu , Kan Chih-Yen , Hsiao Yung-Chin , Tang Reiping , Hsieh Ling-Ling , Chiang Jy-Ming , Tsai Wen-Sy , Yeh Chien-Yuh , Hsieh Pao-Shiu , Liang Ying , Chen Jinn-Shiun , Yu Jau-Song
Published: October 2015

Background. The cancer cell secretome has been recognized as a valuable reservoir for identifying novel serum/plasma biomarkers for different cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to verify four CRC cell-secreted proteins (tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2/trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TACSTD2/TROP2), tetraspanin-6 (TSPAN6), bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 (NGFR)) as potential plasma CRC biomarkers.Methods. The study population comprises 152 CRC patients and 152 controls. Target protein levels in plasma and tissue samples were assessed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results. Among the four candidate proteins examined by ELISA in a small sample set, only BST2 showed significantly elevated plasma levels in CRC patients versus controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the overexpression of BST2 in CRC tissues, and higher BST2 expression levels correlated with poorer 5-year survival (46.47% versus 65.57%;p=0.044). Further verification confirmed the elevated plasma BST2 levels in CRC patients (2.35 ± 0.13 ng/mL) versus controls (1.04 ± 0.03 ng/mL) (p<0.01), with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) being 0.858 comparable to that of CEA (0.867).Conclusion. BST2, a membrane protein selectively detected in CRC cell secretome, may be a novel plasma biomarker and prognosticator for CRC.
Numerical Algorithm to Solve a Class of Variable Order Fractional Integral-Differential Equation Based on Chebyshev Polynomials
Authors: Sun Kangwen , Zhu Ming
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this paper is to study the Chebyshev polynomials for the solution of a class of variable order fractional integral-differential equation. The properties of Chebyshev polynomials together with the four kinds of operational matrixes of Chebyshev polynomials are used to reduce the problem to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. By solving the algebraic equations, the numerical solutions are acquired. Further some numerical examples are shown to illustrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach and the results have been compared with the exact solution.
Outcomes of Late-Onset Bleb-Related Endophthalmitis Treated with Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Ohtomo Kazuyoshi , Mayama Chihiro , Ueta Takashi , Nagahara Miyuki
Published: October 2015

Purpose. To investigate clinical results on bleb-related endophthalmitis (BRE) after trabeculectomy treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and to evaluate influence factors for visual prognosis. Methods. Investigating medical records retrospectively, BRE was defined as an endophthalmitis induced by bleb infection. A total of 2018 eyes of 1225 patients who had trabeculectomy between December 2000 and July 2013 were included in this study. Eleven eyes of 11 patients with BRE were performed with PPV. Results. The mean age was 56.6 years. The mean period between trabeculectomy and BRE onset was 7.4 years. The mean period from starting symptom to initiation of treatment for endophthalmitis (PSITE) was 2.3 days. Bleb leakages were observed in 7 eyes (64%). On culture examinations, highly pathogenic bacteria (HPB) were identified in 6 cases (55%). HPB infection was influence factors on visual disturbance (P=.0337). Number of HPB infections is significantly higher in poor visual outcome than without poor visual outcome (P=.0310). Conclusion. Visual prognosis of BRE treated by PPV is significantly better when the pathogenic bacteria are not HPB. Severe visual loss occurred with HPB infection even though patients had appropriate treatments. Physicians need to have careful consideration to prevent bleb infection after trabeculectomy with MMC.