bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overdo$ed America: The Broken Promise of American Medicine
Authors: Collins Lethia
Published: August 2006

Overdo$ed America: The Broken Promise of American Medicine, John Abramson, 2005, softcover, 352 pages $13.95
Health Care USA: Understanding Its Organization and Delivery
Authors: Lyon Karen C. , Lyon Charles A.
Published: August 2006

Health Care USA: Understanding Its Organization and Delivery By Harry A. Sultz, Kristina M. Young 1997, 329 pp $39 hardcover
A Collaborative Approach to Isolated Limb Perfusion
Authors: Fraser Margo , Marentay Paula , Berthà Rebecca
Published: August 2006

Isolated limb perfusion is used to treat unresectable sarcoma, melanoma, and other select tumors. It is performed in the OR and requires collaboration by surgeons, perioperative nurses, anesthesia care providers, pharmacists, perfusion technologists, and nuclear medicine personnel. The procedure involves complete isolation of the vascular supply to a limb before an infusion of high dose chemotherapeutic medications. AORN J 70 (Oct 1999) 642‐653.
Variation Profiles of Common Surgical Procedures
Authors: Coughlin Maryanne K.
Published: August 2006

Variation Profiles of Common Surgical Procedures, JD Birkmeyer, Surgery, 124, November 1998, 917–923
Frequency of Parenteral Exposure and Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV Among Operating Room Personnel
Authors: Lee Calvin Rosie
Published: August 2006

Frequency of Parenteral Exposure and Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV Among Operating Room Personnel, S Mujeeb, Y Yhatri, R Khanani, Journal of Hospital Infection, 38, February 1998, 133–137
The Economics of Health Reconsidered
Authors: Lewis Nancy
Published: August 2006

The Economics of Health Reconsidered, By Thomas Rice, 1998, 195 pp, $38 paperback
Clinical Pathways for Perioperative Practice
Authors: Nerad Patricia A.
Published: August 2006

Clinical Pathways for Perioperative Practice, By Patrice L. Spath, 1998, 220 pp, $49.95 paperback
The Millennium Bug—Do We Have the Right Antibiotics?
Authors: Remmert Kurt W.
Published: August 2006

This article introduces readers to the scope of the Year 2000 (Y2K) issue. In addition to describing how this problem came to be, the author examines the extent of the problem as defined by professionals in information technology. The author also explores what the cost of fixing the problem may be and what industry is doing to mitigate the effects the Y2K bug will have on patient care, supplies, and financial operations. The author expresses the need for caregivers to have a greater interest in the problem and to ask questions about what is being done at individual institutions. AORN J 69 (March 1999) 542–550.
Ethical Environment Reports of Practicing Nurses
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn
Published: August 2006

Ethical Environment Reports of Practicing Nurses, C McDaniel, Nursing Clinics of North America, Vol 33, June 1998, 363–372
Postoperative Nursing Care Contributions to Symptom Distress and Functional Status after Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Reichert Amy L.
Published: August 2006

Postoperative Nursing Care Contributions to Symptom Distress and Functional Status after Ambulatory Surgery, B Swan, Medsurg Nursing, Vol 7, June 1998, 148–158
Blood
Authors: Derrick Kristine D.
Published: August 2006

Blood By John F. Dailey 1998, 564 pp $54, paperback
Encyclopedia of Nursing Research
Authors: Snowden Christine
Published: August 2006

Encyclopedia of Nursing Research By Joyce J. Fitzpatrick 1998, 701 pp $100, hardcover
The Surgical Significance of Therapeutic Touch
Authors: Ramnarine‐Singh Susan
Published: August 2006

Therapeutic touch (TT) is believed to help promote relaxation, reduce pain, accelerate the healing process, and alleviate psychosomatic illness. Patients who undergo surgery frequently experience stressors such as anxiety and pain. Although there have been limited studies on the use of TT in the surgical arena, it is a stress‐reduction method that should be explored further. This article discusses studies that examined the use of TT in reducing anxiety and pain. AORN J 69 (Feb 1999) 358–369.
Vascular Hemodynamics
Authors: Gavaghan Mary
Published: August 2006

The vascular system is a complex network transporting blood to and from all parts of the body. It distributes oxygenated and nutrientrich blood to body tissues via arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, and capillaries. Venules and veins carry deoxygenated blood, cellular wastes, and carbon dioxide to the heart and lungs to be oxygenated or removed. The lymphatic system removes fluid left at the venous end of the capillaries and returns it to the circulatory system by way of the lymphatic ducts. Understanding the vascular system is basic to providing quality nursing care. AORN J 68 (August 1998) 212–226
Rational Suicide Among Patients Who Are Terminally Ill
Authors: Valente Sharon M. , Trainor Donna
Published: August 2006

Patients' end‐of‐life decisions challenge nurses. Often, aggressive, life‐prolonging strategies create ethical dilemmas for nurses when patients decide to stop treatment. In Oregon, assisted suicide is legal and will have a profound effect on nursing practice. When a patient considers suicide, nurses need to examine the patient's mental health, symptom management, and rational decision‐making ability. Evaluation of suicide risk is a priority. Nurses need to recognize that medical and psychological symptoms often trigger thoughts of suicide, but prompt treatment of pain and symptoms also reduces suicide risk. Ethical issues and guidelines for management of patients considering suicide and evaluation of rationality are presented. AORN J 68 (August 1998) 252–264.
Cutaneous Closure after Cardiac Operations
Authors: Reichert Amy L.
Published: August 2006

Cutaneous Closure after Cardiac Operations, Robert G. Johnson, 226, November 1997, Annals of Surgery, 606–612
Managing Outcomes, Process, and Cost in a Managed Care Environment
Authors: Phillips Susan
Published: August 2006

Managing Outcomes, Process, and Cost in a Managed Care Environment, By Roey Kirk 1997, 260 pp $60 spiralbound
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wisniowski Cindy , Stephen Lesley
Published: August 2006

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. One advancement in the treatment of this disease is the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) procedure, which is an alternative to the traditional open heart bypass procedure. The MIDCAB procedure is becoming a viable alternative to the traditional coronary artery bypass grafting procedure for a select group of patients. With further experience and follow‐up, this procedure will offer lower hospital costs by decreasing lengths of stay and offering patients the optimal conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting without the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass. AORN J 66 (Dec 1997) 1002–1009.
Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Coulson A.S. , Bakhshay S. , Quarnstrom J. , Mayer S. , Holmes K. , Villarreal M.
Published: August 2006

Traditional coronary artery bypass surgery involves a median sternotomy and the use of a heart‐lung machine to stabilize the heart during suturing. Minimally invasive coronary artery surgery employs small incisions directly over the target vessels and avoids the use of a heart‐lung machine, which can cause postoperative complications. The target coronary vessels are stabilized in alternative ways, potentially hazardous manipulation of the ascending aorta is avoided, and the subclavian and axillary arteries provide alternative inflow sources. Other new techniques used in minimally invasive procedures include a coronary artery cannula to avoid intraoperative ischemia and wound irrigation catheters to administer postoperative bupivacaine hydrochloride. Perioperative nurses need to become familiar with these new techniques to be able to plan and implement effective patient care. AORN J 66 (Dec 1997) 1012–1037.
Eye Injuries after Nonocular Surgery: A Study of 60,965 Anesthetics from 1988 to 1992
Authors: Steelman Victoria M.
Published: August 2006

Eye Injuries after Nonocular Surgery: A Study of 60,965 Anesthetics from 1988 to 1992, S Roth, Anesthesiology, Vol 85, Nov 1996, 1020–1027
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Using Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Hader Deborah J. , Moss Kevin V. , Geier Noelle
Published: August 2006

Cancer surgery has existed as an elective treatment modality for more than 150 years, yet it is relatively unsophisticated in light of the advances seen in other medical disciplines. Using the nuclear medicine technique of lymphoscintigraphy (ie, mapping lymph nodes using a radioactive isotope), the surgeon can perform a sentinel lymph node biopsy that targets only the lymph nodes that first drain a primary tumor site. This procedure can provide accurate staging information without risking the potential morbidity associated with lymph node dissection. This type of precise biopsy is made possible by using a gamma‐detecting instrument coupled with an ultrasenstive proble designed for intraoperative use.
Flashlamp‐pumped Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Vascular Birthmarks
Authors: Vanderhooft Sheryll L. , Doidge William W. , Maughan Tauni
Published: August 2006

Before the availability of the flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser (FPDL), patients with vascular birthmarks were treated with lasers that had a significant risk of scarring. For more than a decade, such patients have had the choice of being treated with the FPDL, which is safe, effective, and has a low risk of scarring; however, not all vascular birthmarks are amenable to treatment with the FPDL. The laser surgeon must understand the classification and natural history of the various vascular birthmarks to select the most appropriate therapy for a given patient. This article reviews FPDL treatment of port wine stains and hemangiomas, as well as the nursing care required for the laser procedure. AORN J 67 (June 1998) 1214–1223.
Advances in Endoscopic Neurosurgery
Authors: Gerzeny Michelle , Cohen Alan R.
Published: August 2006

This article describes the authors' experience using neuroendoscopes to perform a variety of intracranial procedures with minimal invasiveness to neural tissue. The article also presents the history of neuroendoscopy and provides information about current practice. Surgical technique and intraoperative and postoperative nursing considerations are reviewed. AORN J 67 (May 1998) 957‐965.
Maximizing Mind Power: The Art of Managing your Greatest Asset
Authors: Ericsson Ruth
Published: August 2006

Maximizing Mind Power: The Art of Managing your Greatest Asset T Clark 1993, 197 pp $15.95 paperback
Can Providing Paging Devices Relieve Waiting Room Anxiety?
Authors: Topp Robert , Walsh Eileen , Sanford Carol
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of providing individuals who are waiting for surgical patients with digital pagers. Twenty‐eight subjects received routine waiting room procedures, and 29 subjects were given digital pagers during surgical procedures. Subjects completed questionnaires concerning activity, state anxiety, and their perceived threat while patients were undergoing surgical procedures. The group that received the paging devices reported significantly greater state anxiety (ie, P < .03) and a greater percentage of time spent outside surgical waiting rooms (ie, P < .00) than the group that did not receive paging devices. AORN J 67 (March 1998) 852‐861.
Topological Properties of Protein-Protein and Metabolic Interaction Networks of Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Rajarathinam Thanigaimani , Lin Yen-Han
Published: August 2006

The underlying principle governing the natural phenomena of life is one of the critical issues receiving due importance in recent years. A key feature of the scale-free architecture is the vitality of the most connected nodes (hubs). The major objective of this article was to analyze the protein-protein and metabolic interaction networks of Drosophila melanogaster by considering the architectural patterns and the consequence of removal of hubs on the topological parameter of the two interaction systems. Analysis showed that both interaction networks follow a scale-free model, establishing the fact that most real world networks, from varied situations, conform to the small world pattern. The average path length showed a two-fold and a three-fold increase (changing from 9.42 to 20.93 and from 5.29 to 17.75, respectively) for the protein-protein and metabolic interaction networks, respectively, due to the deletion of hubs. On the contrary, the arbitrary elimination of nodes did not show any remarkable disparity in the topological parameter of the protein-protein and metabolic interaction networks (average path length: 9.42±0.02 and 5.27±0.01, respectively). This aberrant behavior for the two cases underscores the significance of the most linked nodes to the natural topology of the networks.
PHProteomicDB: A Module for Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Database Creation on Personal Web Sites
Authors: Pernet Pascal , Bruneel Arnaud , Baudin Bruno , Vaubourdolle Michel
Published: August 2006

PHProteomicDB is a PHP-written module to help researchers in proteomics to share two-dimensional gel electrophoresis data using personal web sites. No technical or PHP knowledge is necessary except a few basics about web site management. PHProteomicDB has a user-friendly administration interface to enter and update data. It creates web pages on the fly displaying gel characteristics, gel pictures, and numbered gel spots with their related identifications pointing to their reference pages in protein databanks. The module is freely available at http://www.huvec.com/index.php3?rub=Download.
Breaking the Parliamentary Chain of Delegation: Presidents and Non-partisan Cabinet Members in European Democracies
Authors: AMORIM NETO OCTAVIO , STRØM KAARE
Published: August 2006

Europe has over the past century experienced an impressive increase in the number of presidential heads of state. Many of the new democracies since the mid-1970s are semi-presidential regimes that combine a popularly elected president with the traditional features of parliamentary democracy. At the same time, the frequency of the appointment of non-partisan cabinet members has risen. Cabinet appointments are the most important personnel decisions in parliamentary systems, and traditionally such appointments have been virtually monopolized by the governing political parties. Under semi-presidentialism, however, cabinet appointments may instead become a tug-of-war between a prime minister and a president with different partisan preferences. In this article the relationship between presidential power and the incidence of non-partisan cabinet appointments is examined and a game-theoretic model of cabinet appointments in parliamentary systems with a strong president is developed. In this model the prime minister has proposal power over cabinet appointments and the president an ex post veto. This model yields three comparative statics predictions concerning non-partisan cabinet appointments. The incidence of such appointments should covary positively with the president's powers and negatively with the prime minister's electoral prospects. The likelihood of such appointments should also correlate in a non-intuitive way with the value that the president and the prime minister attach to non-partisan appointees. Based on these results, eight operational hypotheses are developed, which are tested against a sample of 134 European cabinets representing twelve semi-presidential and twelve purely parliamentary regimes in the 1990s. Significant empirical support is found for all three comparative statics results and for most of the specific hypotheses.
Politics, Power and Contingency: Judging Hutton and Responding to Mendus
Authors: COOLE DIANA
Published: August 2006

My purpose in the article was twofold: to commend to political theorists a method of critical analysis that can usefully be applied to texts that circulate within public life, and to apply it myself in reading the Hutton Report. Like many people, I was incredulous when the report appeared and suspicious of its conclusions. But I was also curious as to how it managed to appear simultaneously both objective and biased. Consequently, I wanted to investigate how political power was operating at a deeper discursive level. I welcome this opportunity to respond to Susan Mendus's detailed and thoughtful response, both to defend my methodology and to clarify those points where I think she misinterprets its implications. Because her reply is so clearly structured, I have replicated that structure in my responses.

TRUTH

I distinguished in the article between two competing views of truth, each of which may be situated in presuppositions regarding agency, language and meaning. In the first part of her reply, Mendus contests my observations regarding the empiricist and legalistic view of truth that I associated with the Hutton Report. She makes three observations here.

First, she is sceptical that Hutton subscribed to this positivist-juridical conception at all and as evidence, she cites an early section of the report where he explains his intention to reproduce parts of the inquiry's transcript of evidence so that the public can understand why he reached his conclusions. ‘These are not’, Mendus concludes, ‘the words of a man who denies the need for
interpretation.’
Phytoplankton assemblages in coastal waters of the northern Ionian Sea (eastern Mediterranean), with special reference to cyanobacteria
Authors: Caroppo Carmela , Turicchia Silvia , Margheri Maria Cristina
Published: August 2006

Sampling cruises were carried out on three coastal stations of the northern Ionian Sea over one year to investigate the effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton and picophytoplankton composition and succession. Larger phytoplankton (micro and nano fractions) was determined by using the Utermöhl settling technique, while picophytoplankton fraction was determined by epifluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, microbiological procedures were applied to investigate cyanobacterial diversity in the studied area. Results suggested that the most striking feature of phytoplankton communities was the high spatial variability in terms of abundance and biomass, which showed specific coastal Mediterranean values. Undetermined phytoflagellates and diatoms were the dominant groups of the Utermöhl fraction of phytoplankton, while round to rod-shaped small sized cyanobacteria represented the picophytoplankton fraction. Our data suggested that in the northern Ionian Sea the phytoplankton development was related to phosphorus availability and to ‘nitrogen-rich’ waters. Also the picophytoplankton seasonal trend was significantly correlated to N-compounds as well as to water temperature.

In addition to the typical picoplanktonic Synechococcus, the culture techniques allowed us to isolate and identify cyanobacteria belonging to the pleurocapsalean genus Stanieria and the oscillatoriacean genera Geitlerinema, Leiblenia, Leptolyngbya, Oscillatoria, Pseudanabaena and Spirulina. These species represent a minor fraction of the total cyanobacterial community in terms of biomass, but their importance is related to their contribution to the phytoplankton diversity.
Application of the Visual Fast Count for the quantification of temperate epibenthic communities from video footage
Authors: Strong James Asa , Service Matthew , Mitchell Annika Jane
Published: August 2006

Video transects of epibenthic communities provide a valuable and non-destructive surveying methodology. The use of unstable platforms for video collection, such as divers and remotely operated vehicles, can lead to variation in the field of view, and consequently the dimensions of the surveyed area. Unless this can be accounted for, quantifying the species present can be time consuming or unworkable. Use of time-based, rather than areas-based, enumeration techniques, such as the visual fast count (VFC), can overcome this variation. Using seabed video footage from Strangford Lough, the reliability of the VFC was assessed through comparison with direct counts. Multivariate analysis of variance indicates that data derived from the VFC did not differ from that obtained from direct counts. Pairwise comparisons between locations in Strangford Lough using analysis of similarities (PRIMER) also indicated good agreement between the two methods. Use of the VFC method therefore provides: (1) a reliable alternative to direct counts for epibenthic enumeration; (2) a substantial reduction in post-survey processing time and; (3) a method capable of allowing variation in the visual field/sampled area.
Identity of Eunice roussaei (Eunicidae: Polychaeta: Annelida) from the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas
Authors: Zanol Joana , Bettoso Nicola
Published: August 2006

The long discussion on the identity of the large Eunice species from the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas is a result of the broader discussion on the identity and synonymy of Eunice roussaei and Eunice aphroditois. Here we show that the species occurring in the Adriatic Sea is Eunice roussaei and how this species can be differentiated from Eunice aphroditois; we also characterize the Mediterranean Eunice roussaei.
A new species of Polygordius (Polychaeta: Polygordiidae): from the inner continental shelf and in bays and harbours of the north-eastern United States
Authors: Ramey Patricia A. , Fiege Dieter , Leander Brian S.
Published: August 2006

A new species of Polygordiidae, Polygordius jouinae sp. nov., along with its distribution, habitat, and reproduction is described. Polygordius jouinae sp. nov., the first North American Polygordius, is a dominant member of macrofaunal communities on the inner continental shelf, and in bays and harbours from Massachusetts to southern New Jersey. It is distinguished from most other Polygordius species by its non-inflated, heavily ciliated pygidium, absence of pygidial glands, and a conical (rather than rounded) prostomium. The 18S SSU rDNA from P. jouinae sp. nov. was sequenced and represents the first named Polygordius species with a DNA reference in GenBank. Spearman rank correlation of sediment grain size with density of P. jouinae sp. nov. at a New Jersey site showed that density was significantly (P<0.05; N=92) positively correlated with the proportion of medium to very coarse sand and negatively correlated with the fine sand fractions. Ecologically, P. jouinae sp. nov. is an important macrofaunal species given its widespread distribution and its fidelity for coarse sand habitats. Thus, its relative abundance may be useful as an indicator of changing sedimentary conditions.
A new genus and some cryptic species of Arctic and boreal calloporid cheilostome bryozoans
Authors: Kuklinski Piotr , Taylor Paul D.
Published: August 2006

Study of type and other material using scanning electron microscopy has permitted the recognition of three new species and one new genus of Arctic and boreal calloporid anascans. Originally described from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Callopora whiteavesi is reassigned to Flustrellaria, a calloporid genus not previously reported extant. Material from north-east Greenland misidentified as C. whiteavesi is described as C. weslawski sp. nov. The new genus Septentriopora is introduced for calloporids lacking pore chambers, with a distolateral pair of small interzooidal avicularia that face proximally or proximolaterally, and a reduced ovicell. The type species of Septentriopora, Tegella nigrans, has frequently been misidentified. Many of the supposed records of this species belong to two other species, described here as Septentriopora karasi sp. nov. and S. denisenkoae sp. nov. The apparent ovicell in S. karasi is particularly unusual, being vestigial and kenozooid-like in morphology.
River plume dynamic influences transport of barnacle larvae in the inner shelf off central Chile
Authors: Vargas Cristian A. , Narváez Diego A. , Piñones Andrea , Navarrete Sergio A. , Lagos Nelson A.
Published: August 2006

Off central Chile, around 33.5°S, the freshwater discharge of the River Maipo generates a small- to intermediate-size plume, which moves up to the north driven by the daily sea breeze and with localized effects on a costal zone of about 10–15 km. The influence of this river plume motion on abundance patterns of larval barnacles was studied in a ∼12 km long transect, including 2–3 stations inside the river plume, one station on the visible turbidity front, and two stations outside the plume. Shipboard campaigns were conducted in January (summer), August (winter), and October 2003 (spring). On each occasion, conductivity–temperature–depth casts, bottom track acoustic Doppler current profiler current measurements, size-fractioned chlorophyll concentration, and stratified plankton sampling were conducted. A significantly higher abundance of barnacle nauplii was found at the river plume front than at the plume or outside the plume. Abundance was highest in the upper 10 m of the water column, where most nauplius larvae were found. The river plume appeared as a surface layer of less saline water moving north of the river mouth, with a buoyant frontal structure progressing at speeds of 5 to 20 cm s−1. Although no peak in chlorophyll was observed at the buoyant front, the highest concentration of effective prey size for feeding nauplii (chlorophyl-a <5 and 5–20 μm) was generally associated with less saline plume waters. Thus, the accumulation of barnacle larvae at the front may facilitate foraging, potentially increasing larval growth and energy reserves. Our results suggest that the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of river plumes should be considered by benthic ecologists as transport mechanisms that potentially affect larval delivery and settlement of barnacles on rocky shores.
A review of the genus Tryphosella (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Britain and Ireland, with the description of a new species Tryphosella lowryi
Authors: Kilgallen N.M. , Myers A.A. , McGrath D.
Published: August 2006

A review of the shallow-water species of the genus Tryphosella from the British Isles is presented and a new species, Tryphosella lowryi, is described. In addition, Tryphosella minima is recorded from this region for the first time. This brings to five the total number of species of this genus now known from the British Isles. All taxa are fully described and illustrated, and a key to the species is provided.
New and little known Aoridae, Corophiidae, Kamakidae, Photidae and Unciolidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Krapp-Schickel T. , Myers A.A.
Published: August 2006

In Malaysia, Indonesia and Polynesia, samples of algae and coral rubble were taken in order to collect the Amphipoda (Peracarida: Crustacea) inhabiting them. We report here on eight species: five from Indonesia (among which two are new to science, one Atlantic genus found for the first time in the tropics), one from Malaysia (reported there for the first time) and two were found from Moorea (one new to science, the taxonomic status of the other one not fully resolved).
Morphological differences between ‘subrugosa’ and ‘gregaria’ morphs of adult Munida (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the Beagle Channel, southern South America
Authors: Tapella Federico , Lovrich Gustavo A.
Published: August 2006

Munida subrugosa and M. gregaria are very abundant in the southern hemisphere, especially off New Zealand and South America. The specific identity of both species is still controversial and accurate identification is needed for conservation or ecological purposes. In this study we used univariate and multivariate methods to determine the morphological differences between both species/morphs. Analyses of covariance of ten morphological variables regressed individually on the carapace length demonstrated that the carapace (including rostrum) and eyestalks (EL) were longer, and the anterior carapace (ACW), the rostrum basis (RBW), and dactylus (DaW) and propodus (PW) of the third maxilliped were wider in M. gregaria than in M. subrugosa. In contrast, the carapace, mandible and eyestalk were wider and the rostrum was longer in M. subrugosa compared to M. gregaria. A stepwise discriminant analysis found that five body measurements namely DaW, EL, PW, RBW and ACW, were useful to discriminate between both species/morphs. The difference between the two discriminant functions provides an objective decision rule for the classification of both species/morphs. We also present the linear relationships of wet and dry masses on size, for use in biomass estimations of Munida spp. as prey.
Discovery of imposex in the gastropod Cyclope neritea now invading Galicia (north-west Spain)
Authors: Quintela María , Couceiro Lucía , Ruiz José Miguel , Barreiro Rodolfo
Published: August 2006

A field survey to re-assess imposex and tributyltin (TBT) bioaccumulation in the gastropod Nassarius reticulatus over Galicia uncovered three populations of the invasive species Cyclope neritea, all showing some advanced imposex. One female was found to carry a mass of aborted egg capsules. The TBT pollution, now decreasing in the area, is the most likely explanation for these reproductive anomalies, and it may bear some relationship to the described population dynamics of C. neritea.
Signs of multiple spawning in Graneledone pacifica (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)
Authors: Bello Giambattista
Published: August 2006

The examination of five females of the deep-benthic octopus Graneledone pacifica—a large-egged species: mature ovarian egg length >20 mm—showed that their developing oocyte size-distribution was normal in two specimens at an early maturation stage (largest oocyte length=3 mm), bimodal in two specimens at a more advanced stage (largest oocyte length=6 and 8 mm, respectively), three-modal in the farthest advanced stage specimen (largest oocyte length=14 mm). According to the literature, the simultaneous occurrence of oocyte cohorts at different oogenic stages, including a distinct cohort of oocytes at an advanced maturing stage in one specimen, suggests that G. pacifica is a multiple spawner.
Skeletal characters for identification of juvenile Ophiactis resiliens and Amphiura constricta (Echinodermata): cryptic ophiuroids in coralline turf habitat
Authors: Falkner I. , Byrne M.
Published: August 2006

Skeletal development of Ophiactis resiliens and Amphiura constricta was examined to determine characters that could be used to identify the juveniles of these species, which co-occur in algal turf habitat. Juvenile O. resiliens recruit to turf after a planktonic larval stage while A. constricta recruit through release from brooding adults. Skeletal development in O. resiliens and A. constricta is typical of most ophiuroids with diagnostic adult characters taking some time to appear. The main characters that can be used to distinguish the two species from an early stage are the number and arrangement of the oral papillae and the presence of disc spines. In O. resiliens diagnostic adult skeletal characters developed at 1.5 mm disc diameter. In A. constricta most identifying adult characters were evident at 700 μm disc diameter. Identification of juvenile O. resiliens is assisted by the presence of disc spines and thorny arm spines, features that disappear as the juveniles grow. Juvenile A. constricta did not develop disc spines or thorns on the arm spines.
Characterization by 16S rRNA gene analysis and in situ hybridization of bacteria living in the hindgut of a deposit-feeding echinoid (Echinodermata)
Authors: da Silva Serge Gomes , Gillan David C. , Dubilier Nicole , De Ridder Chantal
Published: August 2006

The hindgut caecum of the deposit-feeding echinoid Echinocardium cordatum harbours a symbiotic bacterial microflora, organized into layered mats around detrital particles owing to the proliferation of filamentous bacteria. The bacterial community was analysed using 16S rRNA gene analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The purpose was to characterize its biodiversity and to identify its predominant members. The majority of the 16S sequences belong to the δ-Proteobacteria (61.5%), the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes constitute the two other main bacterial groups (respectively 23.1% and 15.4%). A total of 41% of the δ-Proteobacteria clones isolated belong to a bacterium of the genus Desulfonema for which a specific oligonucleotide probe was designed, enabling identification of its distribution in the nodules.
Initial and mid-term impacts of cyclone Erica on coral reef fish communities and habitat in the South Lagoon Marine Park of New Caledonia
Authors: Wantiez Laurent , Chateau Olivier , Le Mouellic Soazig
Published: August 2006

The cyclone Erica (Class 5) hit the South Lagoon Marine Park of New Caledonia on 14 March 2003, in the midst of a survey conducted on coral reef fish and habitat of Larégnère and Crouy reefs. Such perturbation was exceptional for the area. Nine stations had already been sampled (8–11 March 2003) when the cyclone hit the reefs. These stations were sampled again just after the cyclone (23 March–15 April 2003) and 20 months later (14–16 November 2004). Erica had a significant initial impact on habitat characteristics. The fragile coral forms cover (branching, tubular and foliose) decreased significantly, resulting in a loss of habitat for the fish communities. Species richness and biomass of the commercial reef fish and the Chaetodontidae decreased just after Erica, but not the density. The species assemblage was modified on the stations with the lowest remaining live coral cover. The loss of shelter modified the behaviour of potential prey, which constituted unusual shoals and attracted predators. Twenty months after Erica, the habitat had not recovered and the broken coral colonies were transformed into rubble or colonized by algae. The nature of the mid-term impact on the fish communities was different and more significant than the initial impact. Species richness per station, density and biomass were significantly lower than before and just after Erica. This pattern was confirmed for all the main families, with the exception of Acanthuridae. A different fish assemblage was observed on all stations 20 months after Erica. Herbivorous species and benthic macro-invertebrate feeders associated with rubble replaced the coral associated species that characterized the assemblages before the cyclone. When a Class 5 cyclone affects an area where perturbations of such intensity are uncommon, its impact is immediate and the mid-term consequences are even more significant. A complete modification of the structure of the habitat and the fish assemblages is observed. The consecutive recovery should be a long process.
Reproductive tactics and larval development of bigeye flounder, Hippoglossina macrops, off central Chile
Authors: Landaeta Mauricio F. , Herrera Guillermo A. , Pedraza Milton , Bustos Claudia A. , Castro Leonardo R.
Published: August 2006

Through a series of ichthyoplankton surveys carried out off central Chile, we characterize the offshore spawning and coastal nursery ground of the bigeye flounder Hippoglossina macrops. Eggs were collected in higher abundances over the continental shelf during late winter, over the shelf-break in mid spring, and at the continental slope in late summer, showing a seasonal depth gradient in spawning. No significant spawning was detected nearshore (less than 8 km offshore). Field data suggest a longitudinal progression from offshore to onshore of larval stages from preflexion to transformation stage. Finally, vertically stratified samples showed that eggs and larvae were present mainly in the upper 100 m. We discuss the potential onshore transport of early life stages of H. macrops through the compensatory flow of Equatorial Subsurface Waters that balances the surface offshore transport in the Ekman layer during upwelling events. Additionally, larval development from yolk-sac to transformation stage is briefly described.
When cleanerfish become anemonefish
Authors: Arvedlund Michael , Hattori Akihisa , Iwao Kenji , Takemura Akihiro
Published: August 2006

Here we report on a previously undocumented facultative symbiosis involving the wrasses Labroides dimidiatus and Thallasoma amblycephalum living in association with two species of sea anemones, on coral reefs in the north-western Pacific. By SCUBA diving we observed juvenile L. dimidiatus occurring in Entacmaea quadricolor (solitary type) cleaning the anemonefish Amphiprion frenatus and in Heteractis magnifica cleaning the anemonefish Dascyllus trimaculatus. Thallasoma amblycephalum co-existed in H. magnifica with the anemonefish D. trimaculatus, A. ocellaris and L. dimidiatus.
Welche Rolle spielen Textkritik und Textgeschichte für das Verständnis des Neuen Testaments? Frühe Leserperspektiven
Authors: ALAND BARBARA
Published: August 2006

Current methodological discussion within the field of New Testament studies focuses today on the influence of the work and its history, and is often motivated by newer findings in linguistics and literary criticism. Such inquiry is broadened through its correlation to reception theory, i.e. that inquiry that focuses on how readers understood the work during the course of its transmission or reception. By contrast to the above, textual criticism is that science that tries to discover the ‘original text’ as exactly as possible. Here I would like to ask, to what extent do the ‘witnesses’ (e.g. manuscripts, versions, quotations, etc.) of textual criticism also function as interpreters and ‘receivers’ of the text. In all three of the topics handled here we have been aware of an interaction between text and reader.
A la louange du dieu inconnu Analyse rhétorique de Ac 17.22–31
Authors: LESTANG FRANÇOIS
Published: August 2006

Quel est le genre rhétorique du discours devant l'Aréopage (Ac 17.22–31)? Après avoir examiné et évalué les propositions précédentes en la matière, on est amené à y reconnaître le genre démonstratif, et particulièrement celui de l'éloge divin, dont ce discours partage les traits essentiels. Une lecture détaillée du discours selon les élements de sa dispositio permet alors de comprendre la portée des arguments et la pertinence d'un tel genre en un tel lieu.
Das ‘Sehen des Herrn’ vor Damaskus: Semantischer Zugang zu Apg 9, 22 und 26
Authors: DIEFENBACH MANFRED
Published: August 2006

Vom ‘Sehen des Herrn’ vor Damaskus durch Paulus ist sowohl in Apg 9.1–9; 22.4–11 und 26.9–18 als auch in Gal 1.13–15 und 1 Kor 9.1; 15.8–9 die Rede. Was bedeutet die Aussage: Jesus erschien Paulus? Das Resultat der Untersuchung der angeführten Textstellen unter Berücksichtigung der Wortfeldanalyse der drei Worte von Sehen – βλεπω = ‘Ansicht’ in Apg 9.8c, 9a; θεωρεω = ‘Durchsicht’ in Apg 9.7e oder οραω = ‘Einsicht’ in Apg 22.15; 26.16 – und die Notiz von der ‘Stimme’ aus dem Himmel lassen eine Steigerung der Darstellung des so genannten Damaskusereignisses in der Apg feststellen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Vision bzw. Erscheinung ist die Missionstätigkeit des ‘Zeugen’ respektive ‘Apostel’ Paulus aus der Sicht von Apg 26 und Gal 1.13–15 eine von Gott selbst gewollte.
Introduction
Authors: ERIKSSON MAGDALENA , WHITESIDES GEORGE
Published: August 2006

The Nobel Workshop ‘Fundamentals of Biomolecular Function: Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Membranes’, was hosted by the city of Coimbra, Portugal, and the University of Coimbra in May 2005. The workshop focused on three subjects: (i) the functions of biological macromolecules, (ii) the interactions underlying these functions, and (iii) new techniques for studying these interactions. A brief summary of the discussions follows.
Proteomic Analysis for the Assessment of Different Lots of Fetal Bovine Serum as a Raw Material for Cell Culture. Part IV. Application of Proteomics to the Manufacture of Biological Drugs
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyang , Baker Haven , Hancock William S. , Fawaz Farah , McCaman Michael , Pungor Erno
Published: August 2006

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most widely used growth supplement for cell cultures, primarily because of its high levels of growth stimulatory factors and low levels of growth inhibitory factors. Maintaining successful and consistent cell fermentations can be difficult, as FBS is a complex natural product and may vary from lot to lot even from a single manufacturer. The quality and concentration of both bulk and specific proteins can affect cell growth. Quality control tools for FBS are relatively primitive and expensive given the complexity of the sample and the large amounts of FBS used. We undertook this study to examine whether proteomics could be used as a tool to analyze the variability of different fermentation processes. We hypothesized that inconsistent cell growth in fermentations could be due to the quality of FBS and that different lots of FBS had varying concentrations of proteins such as growth stimulatory factors, growth inhibitory factors, and/or other proteins that may correlate with cellular growth rate. To investigate whether this was the case, we grew three batches of adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE‐19) using three different lots of fetal bovine serum (FBS‐Ia, FBS‐Ib, and FBS‐II). We found that the growth rate of the culture was significantly and consistently higher in the FBS‐II lot. To determine why the other lots promoted different growth properties, we used proteomic techniques to analyze the protein composition of the three lots. We then performed a time course study to monitor specific changes in individual proteins in the fermentation medium. The amount of several extracellular matrix and structural proteins, which are indicators of cell growth, increased over time. Alternatively, components supplied by the FBS addition, such as nutritional‐related and cell‐spreading‐related proteins, decreased over time.
Degradation of bradykinin by bovine tracheal epithelium and isolated epithelial cells
Authors: Dendorfer A , Vordermark D , Dominiak P
Published: August 2006

The degradation of bradykinin (BK) labelled with tritiated proline at positions 2 and 3 ([3H]‐BK) was determined on the luminal surface of bovine tracheal epithelium, in supernatants obtained from incubations of the luminal tracheal surface, and in suspensions of isolated tracheal epithelial cells. Peptidase inhibitors and identification of peptide fragments were used for characterization of the metabolic pathways.

On the luminal surface of intact bovine trachea, [3H]‐BK was degraded with a half life of 12.8 min. [1‐7]‐BK and [1‐5]‐BK were the major direct metabolites which were further degraded via [1‐3]‐BK and [2‐3]‐BK to proline. Metabolism of [3H]‐BK was unaltered in the presence of ramiprilat (250 nm) or phosphoramidon (10 μm). Phenanthroline diminished the formation of [1‐7]‐ and [1‐5]‐BK and abolished the generation of proline.

Supernatants obtained from incubations of tracheal epithelium contained kininase activities which steadily increased when tracheae were incubated for longer than 30 min. After 60 min contact with epithelium, the incubation medium contained higher kininase activities than the epithelium itself. The spectrum of kinin metabolites generated by kininases in the supernatant was comparable to that formed by intact epithelium.

In suspensions of isolated epithelial cells, [3H]‐BK was degraded with a half life of 70 min. The metabolites [1‐3]‐ and [2‐3]‐BK were formed in parallel to [1‐7]‐ and [1‐5]‐BK; however, proline was not generated. Degradation of [3H]‐BK was not influenced by ramiprilat, but was inhibited by 85% in the presence of phosphoramidon. Phosporamidon markedly inhibited the generation of [1‐7]‐ and [1‐5]‐BK and nearly abolished the formation of [1‐3]‐ and [2‐3]‐BK.

In conclusion, angiotensin I‐converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 are not significantly involved in [3H]‐BK degradation on the luminal side of intact tracheal epithelium. The spectrum of metabolites found may in fact reflect the combined activities of metalloendopeptidase 24.15 and post‐proline cleaving enzyme. Enzymes showing similar kininase activities are also released from the epithelium. Isolated epithelial cells contain low activities of these kininases, but a high activity of neutral endopeptidases, which may reflect an exclusively basolateral localization of the latter.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 120, 121–129; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700874
Hypoglycaemic and insulinotropic effects of a novel oral antidiabetic agent, (−)‐N‐(trans‐4‐isopropylcyclohexane‐carbonyl)‐d‐phenylalanine (A‐4166)
Authors: Ikenoue Takao , Akiyoshi Megumi , Fujitani Shoji , Okazaki Kyoko , Kondo Nobuo , Maki Toshio
Published: August 2006

(−)‐N‐(trans‐4‐isopropylcyclohexanecarbonyl)‐d‐phenylalanine (A‐4166), a novel oral hypoglycaemic agent is a non‐sulphonylurea insulin secretagogue.

We investigated the insulin‐releasing action and hypoglycaemic effect of A‐4166 compared to sulphonylureas in vitro and in vivo.

A‐4166 stimulated insulin secretion from rat freshly isolated pancreatic islets at concentrations from 3×10‐6m to 3×10‐4m in the presence of 2.8 mm glucose. There was no obvious difference in glucose dependency between the insulinotropic effect of A‐4166 and that of glibenclamide, and no additive or synergistic effect was observed between these two drugs.

A‐4166 displaced [3H]‐glibenclamide bound to intact HIT‐T15 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The Ki value was 4.34±0.04×10−7m, and the displacement potency of A‐4166 was between that of glibenclamide and tolbutamide, being similar to that of gliclazide.

In fasted beagle dogs, A‐4166 showed a dose‐dependent hypoglycaemic effect after oral administration over the range 1 to 10 mg kg−1. The hypoglycaemic action of A‐4166 showed an earlier onset and a shorter duration than that of sulphonylureas.

Simultaneous measurement of plasma insulin levels revealed that the hypoglycaemic effect of A‐4166 was caused by a rapid‐onset and brief burst of insulin secretion.

The pharmacokinetic profile of A‐4166 was consistent with the changes of the blood glucose and plasma insulin levels.

Although the in vitro insulin‐releasing effect of A‐4166 was similar to that of sulphonylureas, its hypoglycaemic effect was more rapid and shorter‐lasting, associated with rapid absorption and clearance. Thus, A‐4166 may be useful in suppressing postprandial hyperglycaemia in patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 120, 177–186; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700875
The relaxant effect of adrenomedullin on particular smooth muscles despite a general expression of its mRNA in smooth muscle, endothelial and epithelial cells
Authors: Nishimura Junji , Seguchi Hiroshi , Sakihara Chie , Kureishi Yasuko , Yoshimura Hayashi , Kobayashi Sei , Kanaide Hideo
Published: August 2006

By use of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), we determined the expression of adrenomedullin (AM) mRNA in the various tissues of the pig. To evaluate the significance of the expression of AM mRNA, we also determined the effects of AM on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and tension development of the porcine smooth muscle strips obtained from the coronary artery, pulmonary vein, trachea, ileum and urinary bladder.

AM mRNA was widely expressed in the porcine tissues examined, which included myocardium (left and right ventricle and right atrium), kidney, lung, endothelial cells (aorta and aortic valve), smooth muscles (aorta, main pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, renal artery and vein, coronary artery, ileum, trachea and urinary bladder) and epithelial cells (trachea and urinary bladder).

AM induced a decrease in [Ca2+]i and tension of the coronary artery, but not the pulmonary vein. AM had no effects on either the [Ca2+]i or tension of the trachea and urinary bladder strips or on the tension development of strips of ileum.

These results indicated that AM has a role as an autocrine and/or paracrine regulator of the coronary arterial tone. AM probably does not have an important role in the regulation of the pulmonary venous, tracheal, ileac and urinary bladder smooth muscle tone, even though AM mRNA is expressed in these tissues; the functional significance of AM in these smooth muscles remains to be determined.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 120, 193–200; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700881