bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The one health perspective to improve environmental surveillance of zoonotic viruses: lessons from COVID-19 and outlook beyond
Authors: Leifels Mats , Khalilur Rahman Omar , Sam I-Ching , Cheng Dan , Chua Feng Jun Desmond , Nainani Dhiraj , Kim Se Yeon , Ng Wei Jie , Kwok Wee Chiew , Sirikanchana Kwanrawee , Wuertz Stefan , Thompson Janelle , Chan Yoke Fun
Published: October 2022

The human population has doubled in the last 50 years from about 3.7 billion to approximately 7.8 billion. With this rapid expansion, more people live in close contact with wildlife, livestock, and pets, which in turn creates increasing opportunities for zoonotic diseases to pass between animals and people. At present an estimated 75% of all emerging virus-associated infectious diseases possess a zoonotic origin, and outbreaks of Zika, Ebola and COVID-19 in the past decade showed their huge disruptive potential on the global economy. Here, we describe how One Health inspired environmental surveillance campaigns have emerged as the preferred tools to monitor human-adjacent environments for known and yet to be discovered infectious diseases, and how they can complement classical clinical diagnostics. We highlight the importance of environmental factors concerning interactions between animals, pathogens and/or humans that drive the emergence of zoonoses, and the methodologies currently proposed to monitor them—the surveillance of wastewater, for example, was identified as one of the main tools to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by public health professionals and policy makers during the COVID-19 pandemic. One-Health driven approaches that facilitate surveillance, thus harbour the potential of preparing humanity for future pandemics caused by aetiological agents with environmental reservoirs. Via the example of COVID-19 and other viral diseases, we propose that wastewater surveillance is a useful complement to clinical diagnosis as it is centralized, robust, cost-effective, and relatively easy to implement.
Analysis of students’ diagrams of water molecules in snowflakes to reveal their conceptual understanding of hydrogen bonds
Authors: Matovu Henry , Won Mihye , Treagust David Franklin , Mocerino Mauro , Ungu Dewi Ayu Kencana , Tsai Chin-Chung , Tasker Roy
Published: October 2022

Recent studies have reported a growing trend of using student-generated diagrams for assessment in science teaching and research. However, many educators tend to use diagrams to explore students’ perceptions of scientists and their work rather than explore conceptual understanding of abstract concepts. In this study, we used diagrams to investigate students’ conceptual understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonds among water molecules in snowflakes. Participants were 70 first- and second-year university students. Following a sequence of interview prompts, the students drew diagrams to illustrate the interactions amongst water molecules in snowflakes. Sixty students’ diagrams were analyzed inductively using a constant comparison method. Most diagrams showed that the students did not have major challenges drawing the water molecule structure, recognizing polarity of a water molecule, or recognizing the intermolecular nature of hydrogen bonds. However, the diagrams revealed varied ways in which students conceptualized the formation of hydrogen bonds. A third of the diagrams revealed students’ alternative conceptions about the role of lone pairs of electrons in the formation of hydrogen bonds. Most diagrams which showed a good understanding of the nature of a hydrogen bond revealed students’ difficulties in recognizing molecular interactions in a 3D space. Our findings suggest that student-generated diagrams can provide a powerful way to understand students’ conceptions of abstract science concepts.
Anode optimization strategies for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yiyang , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Nana , Lai Wei-Hong , Liu Yong , Chou Shu-Lei , Liu Hua-Kun , Dou Shi-Xue , Wang Yun-Xiao
Published: October 2022

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress of Zn anodes, including the main challenges of Zn metal anodes, the corresponding optimization strategies, and the perspectives for practical aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
Feasibility and acceptability of an education and training e-resource to support the sexuality, intimacy and relationship needs of older care home residents: a mixed methods study
Authors: Horne Maria , Youell Jane , Brown Laura , Brown-Wilson Christine , Dickinson Tommy , Simpson Paul
Published: October 2022

Background

sexuality, intimacy and relationship needs are often a neglected aspect of the care of older adults in residential care facilities. Improving awareness, knowledge and improving attitudes about these needs among care staff could enhance quality of care and lead to better outcomes for residents.

Objective

to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a co-designed education and training e-resource to help care staff support their residents’ sexuality, intimacy and relationship needs.

Methods

we delivered the education and training e-resource to five UK care homes over a 6-month period in a pre-post mixed methods study using surveys, focus groups and individual interviews.

Results

fifty-nine members of staff from participating care homes undertook the education and training e-resource. 18/59 (31%) of participants completed all six modules and the pre-post surveys. Eleven participants participated in focus groups/interviews to explore experiences of using the e-resource. The e-resource was successfully implemented in the study homes and found to be acceptable. We found preliminary evidence of positive changes in staff attitudes. Factors that facilitated implementation included support from the care home manager. Barriers identified included IT infrastructure and technology.

Conclusions

the findings provide initial evidence that a co-designed education and training e-resource raised awareness of, and improved attitudes towards, older adults’ sexuality and intimacy needs. This work provides the foundation for a next phase to establish the effectiveness of the e-resource on staff practice and resident outcomes.
Mind The Gap: Differences in Alcohol Use Screening And Discussions Among Adults Comparing Asian American And Other Racial And Ethnic Subgroups in the United States, 2015–2019
Authors: Mauro Pia M , Kane Jeremy C , Askari Melanie S , Iwamoto Derek , Martins Silvia S
Published: October 2022

Aims

Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial and ethnic subgroup in the USA but are underrepresented in the alcohol literature, partially due to misconceptions and racial stereotypes. We estimated any alcohol screening/discussions with providers among Asian Americans and other racial and ethnic subgroups and tested associations with alcohol treatment.

Methods

Weighted prevalences of any alcohol screening or discussions with providers included US adults reporting past-year alcohol use and > =1 healthcare visit in the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 123,002). Multinomial logistic regressions estimated adjusted associations between alcohol use screening/discussions (ref: no screening/discussion) comparing Asian Americans to other racial and ethnic adult subgroups. Among adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD), we estimated adjusted odds of alcohol treatment and perceived treatment need by screening/discussions and racial and ethnic subgroup.

Results

Among Asian American adults who reported past-year alcohol use and a healthcare visit, 24.7% reported any screening only and 51.4% discussed alcohol with providers. All racial and ethnic subgroups were more likely than Asian Americans to report alcohol screening/discussions (e.g. white adults, screening adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.28–1.72; discussions aRRR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.74–2.10). AUD treatment use and perceived need were about two times higher among people reporting alcohol discussions.

Conclusions

Asian Americans were less likely to report discussing alcohol with providers than all other racial and ethnic subgroups. Alcohol discussions were associated with treatment use and perceived need. Efforts to increase equitable alcohol screening and discussions with clinicians are needed.
Gender and Workplace Stress Affect the Association Between Concussion History and Depression Symptoms in Professional Jockeys
Authors: Piantella Stefan , McDonald Stuart J , Wright Bradley J
Published: October 2022

Objective

Professional jockeys experience high rates of concussion, workplace stress, and poor mental health. The present cross-sectional study, for the first time, concurrently assessed the potential interplay between concussion history and workplace stress with current depression symptoms.

Method

Seventy-two professional flat-track jockeys (male = 49, female = 23) were grouped based on self-reported concussion history (CG; n = 56) and those who did not report a concussion history (NCG; total n = 16). Analyses featured both between (CG vs NCG) and within group (CG only) assessment on self-reported measures of workplace stress and depression symptoms (affect, daily functioning).

Results

Jockeys in the CG had more symptoms of negative affect than the NCG. This association, however, was nonsignificant after covarying for age, gender, and workplace stress. Higher workplace stress (p = .005) and gender (p = .001) were associated with poorer daily functioning after controlling for concussion history (CG vs. NCG) and age. Gender moderated the association between concussion group and poorer daily functioning (β = −18.739, t (71) = −2.924, p = .005), with the difference between CG and NCG significant for females, but not males (β = 33.648, t (71) = 3.420, p = .001).

Conclusions

The findings provide preliminary evidence that previously concussed females may be more likely to report poorer daily functioning than males with a history of concussion, and that workplace stress may reduce the association between a history of concussion and depression symptoms. Prospective studies are required to validate and extend these findings.
TH1.1 Self Directed Aftercare is a Safe, Efficient and well tolerated way to follow up Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Anderson Hannah , Ong Justin , Sloan Samantha , Mallon Peter , McIntosh Stuart , Irwin Gareth
Published: November 2022

Aims

Self Directed Aftercare (SDA) was introduced in the Belfast Trust in August 2012. It offered breast cancer patients treated with curative intent an opportunity to self-manage their 5 year follow up, including their annual mammograms. We reviewed the enrolment and outcomes for the first cohort reaching 5 years (diagnosed 2013).

Methods

The prospective SDA database identified patients on the pathway. Additional outcome data was collated through NIECR. Patient feedback was obtained at several points along the pathway.

Results

342 patients underwent surgery for newly diagnosed breast cancer in 2013. 37.7% (129 patients) were enrolled in SDA. Of these, 62.8% (81 patients), remained on the pathway throughout their follow up. 33 patients (25.6%) required no further review, having had yearly mammograms and were discharged after 5 years. The remaining patients received reviews via rapid access or recalled through screening. Feedback was largely positive.

Conclusions

In its first full year of SDA implementation, the Belfast Trust achieved its target by enrolling 37.7% of patients. 25.6% of patients did not require any additional appointment thereby reducing waiting lists for outpatient surgical review. Of those with a concern, 100% were able to enter back in to the system. 85% of patients entered into SDA attended remote surveillance mammography appropriately. Patients report high levels of satisfaction with the pathway.
545 Review of the Validity of DOPS as an Assessment Tool for the Procedural Skills of Surgical Trainees
Authors: Rela Mariam , Price Tristan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Surgical trainees at all stages are mandated to use workplace-based assessments (WBAs) to gain feedback from their trainers. Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) is a tool to assess hands-on surgical skills. This review of the literature seeks to ascertain how valid DOPS are as an assessment tool for the procedural skills of surgical trainees according to the APA (American Psychology Association) validity framework.

Method

Relevant literature was identified through a structured search of Medline, CINAHL and web of science databases, with further papers included on citation review. Following this, papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final review specifying those investigating WBAs including DOPS, assessments in practice rather than simulation and specifically for post-graduate surgical trainees.

Results

16 papers were included in the final analysis. Extracted data from the returned papers was assessed for evidence of validity within each of the five domains on the APA framework: validity based on consequence, response process, reliability, content, and relationship to other variables.

Conclusions

There are studies that show good parameters for reliability and validity for specific DOPS used in endoscopy and otolaryngology. However, there is confusion over the purpose of DOPS amongst trainers and trainees as to whether they should be used formatively or summatively. There is a wealth of evidence examining the perspectives of trainees and trainers into the summative nature of DOPS, however future research should be conducted into to validity of DOPS as a summative tool for career progression and selection processes.
Empowering practices in education-focused coalitions: an examination using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Miles Joshua-Paul , Boyer Anne-Marie , Shumate Michelle
Published: October 2022

As pressure increases to support social justice, coalitions try to understand their role in oppression while implementing practices to create equitable environments. Twenty-six education-focused community coalitions in the United States participated in the study. Coalition interviews and membership rosters are used to evaluate the degree to which these coalitions engage in community engagement practices conducive to empowerment. Involvement practices emphasize communication strategies and participatory design structures. Systems change practices emphasize agenda-setting processes and a level of awareness of structural sources that create social marginalization. This work investigates how these two practices create empowerment. This study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to examine the impact of community poverty, coalition age, government representation, coalition size, school district size, and coalition governance on involvement and systems change practices. The results demonstrate combinations of these conditions in four mutually exclusive solutions for involvement practices and two mutually exclusive solutions for systems change practices. The paper ends by identifying cases that coincide with these solutions and how communities thoughtfully configure their collaborations to coincide with empowerment theory. Additionally, we identify potential trade-offs between involvement and systems change practices.
Collaboration between local nephrologists and the transplant centre ensures good outcomes in post-transplant care
Authors: Kaufmann Yves L , von Moos Seraina , Spitznagel Tahm , Matter Laurenz S , Mueller Thomas F , Schachtner Thomas
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite substantial improvements in short-term kidney allograft survival, median long-term survival remains at a standstill. It is unclear whether and to what extent a transplant centre’s post-transplant care influences long-term outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 501 single kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who underwent transplantation between 2009 and 2018 and did not develop rejection or de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) within the first post-transplant year. After that, KTRs were either followed exclusively every 3 months by the transplant centre (n = 197) or every 3 months by local nephrologists (n = 304) with only yearly follow-up by the transplant centre. We analysed kidney allograft outcomes regarding estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, proteinuria, development of dnDSA and rejection.

Results

No differences between the two groups were observed in the baseline characteristics and the characteristics at the end of the first post-transplant year (P > .05). KTRs followed by local nephrologists were comparable to KTRs followed by the transplant centre concerning patient survival (P = .541), kidney allograft survival (P = .385), eGFR decline (P = .488), progression of proteinuria (P > .05), the development of dnDSA (P = .335) and T-cell-mediated rejection (P = .480). KTRs followed by the transplant centre were more likely to undergo indication biopsies in case of allograft dysfunction and dnDSA (P < .001). Antibody-mediated rejection was diagnosed earlier and more frequently (P = .059), recurrent glomerulonephritis was diagnosed earlier and more frequently (P = .026) and immunosuppression was modified earlier and more frequently in response to histological findings (P = .038).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that close collaboration between local nephrologists and the transplant centre ensures good allograft outcomes independent of the caregiver. Greater biopsy activity in the transplant centre allows for earlier diagnosis of allograft dysfunction as the basis for novel treatment options.
The Many Faces of NELL1 MN
Authors: Sethi Sanjeev
Published: October 2022

Neural tissue encoding protein with EGF-like repeats (NELL1) is a recently discovered target antigen in membranous nephropathy (MN). The initial study showed that most cases of NELL1 MN had no underlying disease associations, i.e. most cases of NELL1 MN were classified as primary MN. Subsequently, NELL1 MN has been found in the setting of various diseases. These include NELL1 MN associated with malignancy, drugs, infections, autoimmune disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, de novo MN in a kidney transplant and sarcoidosis. Thus there is marked heterogeneity in the diseases associated with NELL1 MN. Evaluation of an underlying disease associated with MN will likely need to be more exhaustive in NELL1 MN.
The role of fluorescence angiography in colonic interposition after esophagectomy
Authors: Joosten J J , Gisbertz S S , Heineman D J , Daams F , Eshuis W J , van Berge Henegouwen M I
Published: October 2022

Colonic interposition is an alternative for gastric conduit reconstruction after esophagectomy. Anastomotic leakage (AL) occurs in 15–25% of patients and may be attributed to reduced blood supply after vascular ligation. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) can visualize tissue perfusion. We aimed to give an overview of the first experiences of ICG-FA and AL rate in colonic interposition. This study included all consecutive patients who underwent a colonic interposition between January 2015 and December 2021 at a tertiary referral center. Surgery was performed for the following indications: inability to use the stomach because of previous surgery or extensive tumour involvement, cancer recurrence in the gastric conduit, or because of complications after initial esophagectomy. Since 2018 ICG-FA was performed before anastomotic reconstruction by administration of ICG injection (0.1 mg/kg/bolus), using the Spy-phi (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI). Twenty-eight patients (9 female, mean age 62.8), underwent colonic interposition of whom 15 (54%) underwent ICG-FA-guided surgery. Within the ICG-FA group, three (20%) AL occurred, whereas in the non-ICG-FA group, three AL and one graft necrosis (31%) occurred (P=0.67). There was a change of management due to the FA assessment in three patients in the FA group (20%) which led to the choice of a different bowel segment for the anastomosis. Mean operative times in the ICG-FA and non-ICG-FA groups were 372±99 and 399±113 minutes, respectively (P=0.85). ICG-FA is a safe, easy and feasible technique to assess perfusion of colonic interpositions. ICG-FA is of added value leading to a change in management in a considerable percentage of patients. Its role in prevention of AL remains to be elucidated.
Optimal rotation period ofPopulusplantations considering multiple carbon pools and carbon cap policies in Jiangsu, East China
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ning Zhuo , Zhang Han , Yang Hongqiang
Published: October 2022

Forests provide wood biomass to produce various wood products while sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. The joint benefits of wood production and carbon sequestration should be considered when making forest management decisions such as those related to optimal rotation periods. In this study, we extend the Faustmann model to consider the effects of timber value and the dynamics of forests’ multiple carbon pools (biomass, dead organic matter and long-period forest products) on the optimal rotation and the corresponding net present value (NPV). The theoretical framework also takes account of dynamic carbon prices and potential effects of carbon cap policies. We showcase our approach using Populus × euramericana “Nanlin895” as an example. This tree species is an important species for the planted forests in East China. The results show that: (1) multiple carbon pools increase the optimal rotation period by 4.76 per cent and the NPV by 45.66 per cent under the static carbon price scenario, (2) the tightening carbon cap facilitates carbon price variation and results in a significant increase in the NPV, while the optimal rotation period fluctuates between 8 and 10 years and (3) frequent cap policy adjustments shorten the optimal rotation period and lower the NPV even if the cap reduction target is achieved. Although the effect of carbon benefits on the optimal rotation period is small, the forest carbon trade mechanism could effectively enhance landowners’ income through the tightening carbon cap. These findings have significant policy implications for forest management.

Highlights 

• We analyze the effects of multiple carbon pools on the optimal rotation period and the net present value.

• We examine how carbon trade affects the management decision of Populus plantations.

• Tightening the carbon cap promotes dynamic carbon price variation, benefiting landowners.
Effects of the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layers on subduction zone earthquake ruptures and ground motion: 2-D numerical simulations
Authors: Li Xian , Huang Yihe , Chen Zuan , Huang Xiaoge
Published: October 2022

Low-velocity accretionary wedges and sedimentary layers overlying continental plates are common in subduction zones. These low-velocity sedimentary structures should be considered to accurately model ground motions and estimate coseismic slip on subsurface faults. First, we simulated the rupture process of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in 2-D dynamic rupture models and found that the co-existence of the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layer can cause an approximately 60 per cent increase in the shallow coseismic slip. Considering the inelastic attenuation, wave reverberations in the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layer significantly amplified offshore ground acceleration at 0.1–0.5 Hz by factors of 1–5 and prolonged ground motion durations. Additionally, high-frequency acceleration at 0.5–2.0 Hz is also amplified on the accretionary wedge with a maximum factor of 5. Our Tohoku-Oki earthquake model reproduces the observed coseismic slip qualitatively, but the model also results in higher scaled energy, due to the overestimation of radiated energy in 2-D models and the inadequate plastic properties in the accretionary wedge and sedimentary layer. We further simulated a suite of earthquake scenarios where the updip rupture terminates at different depths. Our results show that a sedimentary layer enhances coseismic slip in all cases, while an accretionary wedge can decrease the slip when the shallow fault has a strengthening frictional behaviour. Additionally, the effects on slip diminished when the extent of updip rupture becomes deeper. However, offshore ground acceleration at 0.1–0.5 Hz is still amplified due to the dynamic wave effects in the two structures. Furthermore, in the scenarios when earthquake rupture reaches the shallow fault, the existence of an accretionary wedge can cause amplified high-frequency acceleration (0.5–2.0 Hz) near the trench. Our results indicate that compared to those subduction zones with neither an accretionary wedge nor sedimentary layers, subduction zones featuring a co-existence between an accretionary wedge and sedimentary layers are susceptible to host earthquakes with larger shallow slip and amplified offshore ground motions.
Scattering for the Defocusing, Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation With Initial Data in a Critical Space
Authors: Dodson Benjamin
Published: October 2022

In this note, we prove scattering for a defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with initial data lying in a critical Besov space. In addition, we obtain polynomial bounds on the scattering size as a function of the critical Besov norm.
Leveraging low-density crossbred genotypes to offset crossbred phenotypes and their impact on purebred predictions
Authors: Leite Natália Galoro , Chen Ching-Yi , Herring William O , Holl Justin , Tsuruta Shogo , Lourenco Daniela
Published: October 2022

The objectives of this study were to 1) investigate the predictability and bias of genomic breeding values (GEBV) of purebred (PB) sires for CB performance when CB genotypes imputed from a low-density panel are available, 2) assess if the availability of those CB genotypes can be used to partially offset CB phenotypic recording, and 3) investigate the impact of including imputed CB genotypes in genomic analyses when using the algorithm for proven and young (APY). Two pig populations with up to 207,375 PB and 32,893 CB phenotypic records per trait and 138,026 PB and 32,893 CB genotypes were evaluated. PB sires were genotyped for a 50K panel, whereas CB animals were genotyped for a low-density panel of 600 SNP and imputed to 50K. The predictability and bias of GEBV of PB sires for backfat thickness (BFX) and average daily gain recorded (ADGX) recorded on CB animals were assessed when CB genotypes were available or not in the analyses. In the first set of analyses, direct inverses of the genomic relationship matrix (G) were used with phenotypic datasets truncated at different time points. In the next step, we evaluated the APY algorithm with core compositions differing in the CB genotype contributions. After that, the performance of core compositions was compared with an analysis using a random PB core from a purely PB genomic set. The number of rounds to convergence was recorded for all APY analyses. With the direct inverse of G in the first set of analyses, adding CB genotypes imputed from a low-density panel (600 SNP) did not improve predictability or reduce the bias of PB sires’ GEBV for CB performance, even for sires with fewer CB progeny phenotypes in the analysis. That indicates that the inclusion of CB genotypes primarily used for inferring pedigree in commercial farms is of no benefit to offset CB phenotyping. When CB genotypes were incorporated into APY, a random core composition or a core with no CB genotypes reduced bias and the number of rounds to convergence but did not affect predictability. Still, a PB random core composition from a genomic set with only PB genotypes resulted in the highest predictability and the smallest number of rounds to convergence, although bias increased. Genotyping CB individuals for low-density panels is a valuable identification tool for linking CB phenotypes to pedigree; however, the inclusion of those CB genotypes imputed from a low-density panel (600 SNP) might not benefit genomic predictions for PB individuals or offset CB phenotyping for the evaluated CB performance traits. Further studies will help understand the usefulness of those imputed CB genotypes for traits with lower PB–CB genetic correlations and traits not recorded in the PB environment, such as mortality and disease traits.
Anterior Elbow Heterotopic Ossification in Patient With Pemphigus Vulgaris: An Unheard Complication of a Rare Condition
Authors: Jean Stephanie , Godleski Matthew
Published: October 2022

Pemphigus vulgaris is a potentially fatal disease within the epidermis with rare noncutaneous manifestations. Heterotopic ossification has not been previously described as one of the inherent complications of this skin pathology. A 44-year-old man presented with severe pemphigus vulgaris involving 80 to 90% of his body surface area. He had an extended time to wound closure of 5 months, as well as two additional months bed bound due to related infectious and respiratory complications. He progressively developed a worsening range of motion at his bilateral elbows. X-ray demonstrated bilateral anterior elbow heterotopic ossification. Passive and active range of motion exercises were initiated early in the course of his treatment and only yielded a small positive effect. Thus, screening for heterotopic ossification may be warranted when a significant joint range of motion is lost in cases of autoimmune cutaneous disease, and even more in the presence of severe open wounds with delayed wound closure.
Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Clinical Predictors of Respiratory Muscle Strength and Lung Function in Burned Patients with Inhalation Injury
Authors: El-Sayed Attalla Asmaa Fawzy , Ahmed Khaled Takey , Abd El Monem Maha
Published: October 2022

Chronic airway illness is a well-documented inhalation injury side effect. Many pulmonary function impairments persisted for several months after lung parenchymal injury. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function (PFT) in patients who had suffered an inhalation injury. This study included male patients with inhalation injuries aged 20–35 years. Patients were chosen at random and assigned to an exercise group, which received inspiratory muscle training and routine chest physiotherapy, including early ambulation, coughing, and deep breathing, three times weekly for 4 weeks, and the control group, which only received routine chest physiotherapy. All participants were assessed for PFT and respiratory muscle strength at enrollment and the end of the study. The statistical analysis for outcome variables between both groups revealed no significant differences before treatment (P > .05) of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure. According to the findings of this study, including IMT as part of a physical therapy program led to significant gains (P ˂ .05) in FVC and FEV1. However, after treatment, there was not a substantial difference found in either the MIP or the MEP between the groups. The exercise group performed better in terms of FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP after receiving treatment, according to these significant and non-significant differences.
The dispersion measure of Fast Radio Bursts host galaxies: estimation from cosmological simulations
Authors: Mo Jian-Feng , Zhu Weishan , Wang Yang , Tang Lin , Feng Long-Long
Published: October 2022

The dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio burst (FRB) encodes important information such as its distance, properties of intervening medium. Based on simulations in the Illustris and IllustrisTNG projects, we analyse the DM of FRBs contributed by the interstellar medium and circumgalactic medium in the hosts, DMhost. We explore two population models – tracing the star formation rate (SFR) and the stellar mass, i.e. young and old progenitors, respectively. The distribution of DMhost shows significant differences at z = 0 between two populations: the stellar mass model exhibits an excess at the low-DM end with respect to the SFR model. The SFR (stellar mass) model has a median value of 179 (63) pc cm−3 for galaxies with $M_*=10^{8\!-\!13}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ in the TNG100-1. Galaxies in the Illustris-1 have a much smaller DMhost. The distributions of DMhost deviate from lognormal function for both models. Furthermore, two populations differ moderately in the spatial offset from host galaxy’s centre in the stellar mass function of hosts. DMhost increases with the stellar mass of hosts when $M_* < 10^{10.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, and fluctuate at higher mass. At 0 < z < 2, DMhost increases with redshift. The differences in DMhost between two populations declines with increasing redshift. With more localized events available in the future, statistics such as DMhost, the offset from galaxy centre, and the stellar mass function of hosts will be of great helpful to ascertain the origin of FRB. Meanwhile, statistics of DMhost of localized FRB events could help to constrain the baryon physics models in galaxy evolution.
Density and infrared band strength of interstellar carbon monoxide (CO) ice analogues
Authors: González Díaz C , Carrascosa H , Muñoz Caro G M , Satorre M Á , Chen Y-J
Published: October 2022

The motivation to study experimentally CO ice under mimicked interstellar conditions is supported by the large CO gas abundances and ubiquitous presence of CO in icy grain mantles. Upon irradiation in its pure ice form, this highly stable species presents a limited ion and photon-induced chemistry, and an efficient non-thermal desorption. Using infrared spectroscopy, single laser interference, and quadrupole mass spectrometry during CO ice deposition, the CO ice density was estimated as a function of deposition temperature. Only minor variations in the density were found. The proposed methodology can be used to obtain the density of other ice components at various deposition temperatures provided that this value of the density is known for one of these temperatures, which is typically the temperature corresponding to the crystalline form. The apparent tendency of the CO ice density to decrease at deposition temperatures below 14 K is in line with recently published colorimetric measurements. This work allowed us to revisit the value of the infrared band strength needed for calculation of the CO ice column density in infrared observations, 8.7 × 10−18 cm molecule−1 at 20 K deposition temperature.
A family of potential–density pairs for galactic bars
Authors: Dehnen Walter , Aly Hossam
Published: October 2022

We present a family of analytical potential–density pairs for barred discs, which can be combined to describe galactic bars in a realistic way, including boxy/peanut components. We illustrate this with two reasonably realistic compound models. Computer code for the evaluation of potential, forces, density, and projected density is freely provided.
Tolvaptan treatment is associated with altered mineral metabolism parameters and increased bone mineral density in ADPKD patients
Authors: Bargagli Matteo , Vetsch Andri , Anderegg Manuel A , Dhayat Nasser A , Huynh-Do Uyen , Faller Nicolas , Vogt Bruno , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Fuster Daniel G
Published: October 2022

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by a unique bone and mineral phenotype. The impact of tolvaptan treatment on mineral metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown.

Methods

We conducted an analysis in the Bern ADPKD Registry, a prospective observational cohort study. Mineral metabolism parameters were measured at baseline and every 12 months thereafter. BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 3 years. Multivariable mixed-effects regression models were applied to assess changes in mineral metabolism parameters and BMD associated with tolvaptan treatment.

Results

A total of 189 participants (122 without and 67 with subsequent tolvaptan treatment) were included in the analysis. During follow-up, tolvaptan treatment was associated with increased BMD at the femoral neck {β = 0.092 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.001–0.183], P = .047}. In addition, tolvaptan treatment was associated with higher plasma magnesium [β = 0.019 (95% CI 0.001–0.037), P = .037], bicarbonate [β = 0.972 (95% CI 0.242–1.702), P = .009] and urine pH [β = 0.214 (95% CI 0.056–0.372), P = .008] and lower parathyroid hormone [β = −0.191 (95% CI −0.328 to −0.053), P = .006], 1,25(OH)D3 [β = −0.126 (95% CI −0.235 to −0.164), P = .024] and fractional urinary magnesium excretion [β = −0.473 (95% CI −0.622 to −0.324), P < .001].

Conclusions

Chronic tolvaptan treatment is associated with increased femoral BMD and significant changes in both mineral metabolism and acid–base parameters in ADPKD patients.
RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF USING DECORATIVE GRANITE AS AN ATTENUATOR OF IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: Hassan Nabil M , Lee J B
Published: October 2022

Granite is a widely available rock, which can be used as a shielding material, for bulk in the form of the aggregate in concrete. It has the weakness that it is more radioactive than many other rocks, which can be used in concrete. This paper looks at its properties as a shielding material and the activity level. Thus, the concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, in granite were measured using a high pure germanium detector (HPGe). They were ranged from (15 ± 4 to 49 ± 5) Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, (22 ± 4 to 78 ± 4 Bq kg−1) for 232Th and (791 ± 13 to 1231 ± 15 Bq kg−1) for 40K. Radiological indices of radium equivalent concentration (Raeq), external (Hex), internal (Hin) and annual effective dose were less than worldwide recommended limits. The results emphasized, the granite samples had no radiation hazard. Nevertheless, the mass attenuation coefficients of granite samples were measured for the gamma rays of energy range 122–1408 keV. The mass attenuation coefficients of the studied granite samples were ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 cm2 g−1. In addition, the average the half-value layer of granite was varied from 1.8 cm for 122 keV to 5.2 cm for 1408 keV. The results are that the attenuation characteristics are typical and match the values given by NIST for ‘concrete’ and that the activity levels of the samples examined are acceptable. Thus the granite may be used as an attenuator for ionizing radiation.
Investigating Hand Dermatitis and Related Dermatologic Quality of Life Among Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaçan Cevriye Yüksel , Buran Gonca
Published: October 2022

Objective

To investigate hand dermatitis and related dermatologic quality of life among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methods

In total, 241 nursing students participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were collected using a sociodemographic data collection form, Hand Dermatitis Self-assessment form, and the Dermatological Quality-of-Life Scale.

Results

During their clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic period, 41.9% of participants experienced hand dermatitis. Participants with a history of allergies experienced hand dermatitis at higher rates than those with no history of allergies (P < .01). The most frequently reported symptom associated with hand dermatitis was “irritation and itching in the hands” (53.9%). Dermatological Quality-of-Life Scale scores differed significantly among participants who did and did not have hand dermatitis: those who experienced hand dermatitis or symptoms of hand dermatitis reported lower quality of life (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Participants’ most frequently reported cause of hand dermatitis was the use of antiseptic agents (44.8%), and their most frequently reported preventive measure was the use of moisturizers (61.8%).

Conclusions

Nursing students in the COVID-19 pandemic period experienced a high rate of hand dermatitis. Both the presence and symptoms of hand dermatitis were associated with lower dermatologic quality-of-life levels for the nursing students.
Nigral volumetric and microstructural measures in individuals with scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit
Authors: Langley Jason , Hwang Kristy S. , Hu Xiaoping P. , Huddleston Daniel E.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Striatal dopamine transporter imaging using 123I-ioflupane SPECT (DaTScan, GE) identifies 5-20% of newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects enrolling in clinical studies to have scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD). These individuals meet diagnostic criteria for PD, but do not clinically progress as expected, and they are not believed to have neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Inclusion of SWEDD participants in PD biomarker studies or therapeutic trials may therefore cause them to fail. DaTScan can identify SWEDD individuals, but it is expensive and not widely available; an alternative imaging approach is needed. Here, we evaluate the use of neuromelanin-sensitive, iron-sensitive, and diffusion contrasts in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to differentiate SWEDD from PD individuals.

Methods

Neuromelanin-sensitive, iron-sensitive, and diffusion imaging data for SWEDD, PD, and control subjects were downloaded from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. SNpc volume, SNpc iron (R2), and SNpc free water (FW) were measured for each participant.

Results

Significantly smaller SNpc volume was seen in PD as compared to SWEDD (P<10−3) and control (P<10−3) subjects. SNpc FW was elevated in the PD group relative to controls (P=0.017). No group difference was observed in SNpc R2.

Conclusion

In conclusion, nigral volume and FW in the SWEDD group were similar to that of controls, while a reduction in nigral volume and increased FW were observed in the PD group relative to SWEDD and control participants. These results suggest that these MRI measures should be explored as a cost-effective alternative to DaTScan for evaluation of the nigrostriatal system.
Serial interval and incubation period estimates of monkeypox virus infection in 12 U.S. jurisdictions, May – August 2022
Authors: Madewell Zachary J. , Charniga Kelly , Masters Nina B. , Asher Jason , Fahrenwald Lily , Still William , Chen Judy , Kipperman Naama , Bui David , Shea Meghan , Saathoff-Huber Lori , Johnson Shannon , Harbi Khalil , Berns Abby L. , Perez Taidy , Gateley Emily , Spicknall Ian H. , Nakazawa Yoshinori , Gift Thomas L. ,   2022 Monkeypox Outbreak Response Team
Published: October 2022

Using data collected by 12 U.S. health departments, we report mean estimated serial interval for monkeypox virus infection of 8.5 (95% CrI: 7.3 – 9.9) days for symptom onset from 57 case pairs and mean estimated incubation period of 5.6 (4.3 – 7.8) days from 35 case pairs for symptom onset.

One sentence summary

We report the mean estimated serial interval for monkeypox virus infection of 8.5 (95% CrI: 7.3 – 9.9) days for symptom onset from 57 case pairs and mean estimated incubation period of 5.6 (4.3 – 7.8) days from 35 case pairs for symptom onset.
Strategies used to manage overlap of primary study data by exercise-related overviews. Protocol for a systematic methodological review
Authors: Gutierrez-Arias Ruvistay , Pieper Dawid , Lunny Carole , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Aguilera-Eguía Raúl , Seron Pamela
Published: October 2022

Introduction

One of the most conflicting methodological issues when conducting an overview is the overlap of primary studies included across systematic reviews (SRs). Overlap in the pooled effect estimates across SRs may lead to overly precise effect estimates in the overview. SRs that focus on exercise-related interventions are often included in overviews aimed at grouping and determining the effectiveness of various interventions for the management of specific health conditions.

Objective

The aim of this systematic methodological review is to describe the strategies used by authors of overviews focusing on exercise-related interventions to manage the overlap of primary studies.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive search strategy has been developed for different databases and their platforms. The databases to be consulted will be MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Library), and Epistemonikos. Two reviewers will independently screen the records identified through the search strategy and will extract the information from the included overviews. The frequency and the type of overlap management strategies of the primary studies included in the SRs will be considered as the main outcome. In addition, the recognition of the lack of use of any overlap management strategy and the congruence between planning and conducting the overview focusing on overlap management strategies will be assessed. A sub-group analysis will be carried out using the impact factor of the journals at the time of publication of the overviews as the variable.

Discussion

This methodological review will provide a complete and comprehensive summary of the frequency of use and types of strategies used for managing the overlap of primary studies across the SRs included in the overviews focusing on exercise-related interventions in different health conditions. Future studies should apply different overlap management strategies to understand their impact on results and conclusions.

Systematic review registration

INPLASY202250161.
The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network Data Ecosystem: A User’s Guide
Authors:   BICCN Data Ecosystem Collaboration, Hawrylycz Michael J , Martone Maryann E , Hof Patrick R , Lein Ed S , Regev Aviv , Ascoli Giorgio A. A , Bjaalie Jan G , Dong Hong-Wei , Ghosh Satrajit S , Gillis Jesse , Hertzano Ronna , Haynor David R , Kim Yongsoo , Liu Yufeng , Miller Jeremy A , Mitra Partha P , Mukamel Eran , Osumi-Sutherland David , Peng Hanchuan , Ray Patrick L , Sanchez Raymond , Ropelewski Alex , Scheuermann Richard H , Tan Shawn Z K , Tickle Timothy , Tilgner Hagen , Varghese Merina , Wester Brock , White Owen , Aevermann Brian , Allemang David , Ament Seth , Athey Thomas L , Baker Pamela M , Baker Cody , Baker Katherine S , Bandrowski Anita , Bishwakarma Prajal , Carr Ambrose , Chen Min , Choudhury Roni , Cool Jonah , Creasy Heather , D'Orazi Florence , Degatano Kylee , Dichter Benjamin , Ding Song-Lin , Dolbeare Tim , Ecker Joseph R , Fang Rongxin , Fillion-Robin Jean-Christophe , Fliss Timothy P , Gee James , Gillespie Tom , Gouwens Nathan , Halchenko Yaroslav O , Harris Nomi , Herb Brian R , Hintiryan Houri , Hood Gregory , Horvath Sam , Jarecka Dorota , Jiang Shengdian , Khajouei Farzaneh , Kiernan Elizabeth A , Kir Huseyin , Kruse Lauren , Lee Changkyu , Lelieveldt Boudewijn , Li Yang , Liu Hanqing , Markuhar Anup , Mathews James , Mathews Kaylee L , Miller Michael I , Mollenkopf Tyler , Mufti Shoaib , Mungall Christopher J , Ng Lydia , Orvis Joshua , Puchades Maja A , Qu Lei , Receveur Joseph P , Ren Bing , Sjoquist Nathan , Staats Brian , Thompson Carol L , Tward Daniel , van Velthoven Cindy T J , Wang Quanxin , Xie Fangming , Xu Hua , Yao Zizhen , Yun Zhixi , Zeng Hongkui , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Zhang Yun R , Zheng Jim W , Zingg Brian
Published: October 2022

Characterizing cellular diversity at different levels of biological organization across data modalities is a prerequisite to understanding the function of cell types in the brain. Classification of neurons is also required to manipulate cell types in controlled ways, and to understand their variation and vulnerability in brain disorders. TheBRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN)is an integrated network of data generating centers, data archives and data standards developers, with the goal of systematic multimodal brain cell type profiling and characterization. Emphasis of the BICCN is on the whole mouse brain and demonstration of prototypes for human and non-human primate (NHP) brains. Here, we provide a guide to the cellular and spatial approaches employed, and to accessing and using the BICCN data and its extensive resources, including theBRAIN Cell Data Center (BCDC)which serves to manage and integrate data across the ecosystem. We illustrate the power of the BICCN data ecosystem through vignettes highlighting several BICCN analysis and visualization tools. Finally, we present emerging standards that have been developed or adopted by the BICCN toward FAIR (Wilkinson et al. 2016a) neuroscience. The combined BICCN ecosystem provides a comprehensive resource for the exploration and analysis of cell types in the brain.