bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Identify Key Amino Acid Metabolic Mechanisms in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK
Authors: Shen Jie , Du Yuyu , Shen Yuechenfei , Kang Ning , Fan Zhexin , Fang Zhifeng , Yang Bo , Wang Jiancheng , Li Baokun
Published: February 2025

During lactobacillus fermentation, the types of proteins in the fermentation substrate significantly influence the characteristics of the fermented product. Proteins are composed of various amino acids. Consequently, investigating the metabolic mechanisms of key amino acids during lactic acid bacteria fermentation is important for improving their application in the food industry. In this study, the growth of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK was significantly inhibited following glutamate and arginine deficiency (p < 0.05). Genomic analysis and in vitro addition assays showed that α-ketoglutarate (OXO), as a precursor of glutamate, significantly eliminated growth inhibition of SMN-LBK (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the inhibition of SMN-LBK growth following arginine deficiency may be linked to glutamate. Metabolomics analysis illustrated that glutamate and arginine deficiencies mainly affected the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways of SMN-LBK, especially the pentose phosphate pathway, alanine, glutamate and aspartate metabolism, and arginine metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis further identified glutamate and arginine deficiencies affecting carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, specifically the glutamate metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, involving key genes such as pfkA, gapA, ldh, argG, argE, and argH. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of key amino acids in SMN-LBK will provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the differential fermentation of various proteins by lactic acid bacteria.
Vegetal Modes of Resistance: Arboreal Eco-Rebellion in The Lord of the Rings
Authors: Guanio-Uluru Lykke
Published: February 2025

This article posits that a fictional eco-rebel might be not just a human (child or young adult), but also a plant, revolting against the destruction of its dwelling place. The argument is furthered by way of a literary analysis of arboreal agency in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, building on perspectives from critical plant studies. Departing from a closer look at the etymological roots of the term “eco-rebel”, the article highlights previous work on plants in Tolkien’s epic, with an emphasis on trees, before engaging in close reading and analysis of three instances of arboreal hostility and rebellion in The Lord of the Rings. Ultimately, the article argues that Tolkien has created a novel kind of eco-rebel, with a basis in his acknowledgement of plant agency.
Culturally Considerate Trauma-Focused Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment in Latine/x Populations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Delgado Alejandra Kukuli , Holliday Ryan , Maguen Shira , Holder Nicholas
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: While theoretical articles describing cultural considerations for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment in Latine/x populations exist, empirical trials are less common. The present study aimed to review the existing literature for empirically tested, trauma-focused PTSD treatments among Latine/x samples to describe treatment outcomes, cultural considerations, and gaps in the existing literature. Methods: For this scoping review, we identified studies that met inclusion criteria as culturally considerate, trauma-focused PTSD treatments reporting symptom outcomes in Latine/x adults. We searched databases (n = 7) and collected 2176 unique records. Six reports met inclusion criteria. Studies enrolled 176 participants into five trauma-focused interventions (e.g., prolonged exposure therapy) and three comparison treatments (e.g., muscle relaxation). Results: Cultural considerations varied from Spanish translation to measuring nervios to the application of cultural values (e.g., familismo, personalismo) in session. Although culturally considerate treatment was associated with PTSD symptom reduction, none of the studies included unmodified trauma-focused treatment as a comparison group. Literature gaps included heterogeneity in methods, treatments, and cultural considerations, which impede the synthesis of current literature and translation from theory to practice. Conclusions: Inferences about the incremental benefits of cultural considerations are limited due to the absence of comparison to unmodified PTSD treatment. By identifying the existing literature gaps, this study aims to support optimal and culturally appropriate treatment for PTSD in Latine/x populations.
The Female Folk Costume of Romanian from the Town of Rupea, Romania: Fashion, Resilience, and Sustainable Management of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Sorea Daniela , Borcoman Mariana
Published: February 2025

Clothing is a social product that represents both individual and collective manifestations of identity, functioning as a system of signs. This study examines the relationship between fashion and resilience as factors driving changes in the traditional folk costume of Romanian women from Rupea, Brașov County, from the late 19th century to the present. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with locals and enhanced by photo elicitation and participant observation, where the authors served as community insiders. The study first describes the local folk costume’s main distinguishing features, which locals use as indicators of community status. Next, it analyzes the transformations of the folk costume and their sources, including fashion, which facilitated the adoption of external influences based on their association with prestige, and resilient responses to challenges during the period under investigation. The research also demonstrates how Rupea’s Romanian residents managed to preserve and capitalize on the folk costume and community traditions after the Communist Party’s rise to power in Romania. These transformations in folk costume did not diminish its function as a system of signs. The preservation of its significance and traditions demonstrates cultural resilience in an urban environment and supports the role of local communities in sustainably managing intangible cultural heritage resources.
Root Systems of Five Clonal Avocado Genotypes
Authors: Gonzalez-Florez Nancy Elena , Barrientos-Priego Alejandro Facundo , Campos-Rojas Eduardo , Colinas y León María Teresa Beryl , Sánchez García Prometeo
Published: February 2025

The root system of clonal rootstocks has been poorly studied, despite its crucial importance. Roots not only provide support and nutrition to the plant but also contribute to tolerance to pests, diseases and environmental stresses, in addition to optimizing yields. Although the initial cost of clonal rootstocks is higher, the investment is offset by the reduction in phytosanitary treatments, greater longevity of the trees and a lower mortality rate. The aim of this research was to quantify the root system growth of five clonally propagated dwarf and normal avocado genotypes evaluated in rhizotrons, with the perspective of identifying distinctive characteristics suitable for their possible use in container culture. The avocado clonal plants to be evaluated were placed in rhizotrons and evaluated for six months, where 35 growth variables were evaluated with the aid of a root analyzer program. A randomized complete block design with five treatments (genotypes) and three replications was used under greenhouse conditions. Analysis of variance, variable purge and multivariate analysis were performed. It was found that ‘Duke 7’ and ‘San Martín’ were statistically different for most of variables, with ‘San Martín’ showing less root growth and ‘Duke 7’ showing remarkable lateral growth. The adventitious root system’s growth depends on the genotype, and the use of rhizotrons allows its study, which proved to be a useful methodology for this type of evaluation since it allows the visualization and adequate quantification of root growth. Genotypes with less root growth may be suitable for use in container culture, and roots with extensive lateral growth may be useful in shallow soils.
Mobile Cadastral Application with Open-Source Software in Colombia
Authors: Mora-Navarro Gaspar , Femenia-Ribera Carmen , Terol Enric , Quiza-Neuto Cristhian
Published: February 2025

This article presents social research, conducted through interviews with experts involved in land administration in Colombia, on the possibility of using the Fit-For-Purpose methodology, combined with indirect methods, to accelerate the capture of cadastral data. The experts were asked about the design of a data capture system, using a mobile application, to acquire data on properties and their approximate coordinates, as well as the data of their owners, where the owners themselves are the ones who declare these data. A functional prototype has also been developed and tested in Spain. Results: The design is well received, understood as a declaration by owners, especially in rural areas; further processing of the information by technicians of the competent authority is necessary; involving the population has a positive impact on the perception that owners have regarding cadastral processes; some technical and training challenges must be taken into account, to ensure consistency and quality in the data collected; and the prototype tests demonstrate, due to the low GPS accuracy of mobile phones, that the identification of boundaries over a base map is possible in properties of one hectare or more.
Allied Healthcare Providers’ Role in Improving Longevity and Quality of Life Among Patients with Hearing Loss
Authors: Squires Erika , Dinh An , Pakulski Lori A.
Published: February 2025

Age-related hearing loss is becoming more prevalent as the aging population continues to rise worldwide. Left untreated, hearing loss is a significantly under-reported concern that negatively impacts quality of life including mental health, cognition, and healthcare communication. Since many older adults may not report hearing concerns to their primary physicians, allied healthcare providers (AHPs) have an important role in recognizing communication challenges due to potential hearing loss, screening for hearing issues, and making referrals as needed. Moreover, AHPs may need to address hearing loss, at least temporarily, to provide their services when communication problems are present. The purpose of this study was to examine knowledge and practice patterns of AHPs regarding hearing loss among their patients. Results of a national survey indicated that many AHPs understand the negative implications of unaddressed hearing loss and the importance of hearing screening, but they are unsure of who, when, and how to address it. Consequently, immediate and innovative solutions are offered to AHPs to enhance communication with patients who might have unaddressed hearing loss. Moreover, findings can be used to develop training and policies to ensure that professionals are well positioned to address the complex needs of individuals with unaddressed hearing loss.
Optimizing Implant Placement Timing and Loading Protocols for Successful Functional and Esthetic Outcomes: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Peitsinis Panagiotis Rafail , Blouchou Aikaterini , Chatzopoulos Georgios S. , Vouros Ioannis D.
Published: February 2025

Objective: This review article aims to analyze the existing relevant literature comparing the clinical outcomes and underlining the most common complications associated with immediate, early, and delayed dental implant placement in order to determine the most favorable timing for achieving optimal functional and esthetic results for the patient. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using PubMed-MEDLINE and Cochrane Library and a number of keywords, including “dental implant placement timing”, “immediate implant”, “early implant”, “delayed implant”, “clinical outcomes”, “complications”, and “implant success”, focusing on studies comparing immediate, early, and delayed implant placement. The primary outcome variable was implant survival rate, while secondary outcome variables included implant success rate, complications, and patient-reported outcomes. Results: A total of 9774 articles were identified. The articles included a variety of studies, including randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective studies. Immediate implant placement was associated with a high survival rate (93.8–100%), but also with an increased risk of complications, such as gingival recession and implant exposure. Early implant placement (4–8 weeks or 12–16 weeks after extraction) showed similar survival rates (95–100%) and fewer complications compared with immediate placement. Delayed implant placement (more than 4 months after extraction) was the most commonly used protocol and demonstrated high survival rates (92–100%) with predictable outcomes. Implant success rates varied depending on the criteria used, but all types of placements showed acceptable success rates (83.3–100%). The choice of loading protocol (immediate, early, or conventional) also influences treatment outcomes. Conclusions: The timing of dental implant placement and loading should be individualized based on patient-specific factors, such as bone and soft tissue conditions, medical history, esthetic considerations, and patient preferences. Immediate placement can be successful in ideal conditions but requires careful patient selection and surgical expertise. Early and delayed placement offer more predictable outcomes and are suitable for a wider range of patients.
Development of a Clinical and Laboratory-Based Predictive Nomogram Model for Unfavorable Functional Outcomes Among Patients Who Undergo Interventions for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Zhongxiao , Liu Ting , An Yue , Xu An , An Kangxu , Zhang Ying , Liu Jian , Wang Kun , Li Wenqiang , Li Guangshuo , Zhao Xingquan , Si Weixin , Zhang Yisen , Yang Xinjian
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study elucidates the prognostic significance of perioperative changes in laboratory indicators for aneurysmal SAH and develops a nomogram model for outcome prediction. Methods: Aneurysmal SAH patients who received clipping or coiling at our institution between January 2016 and December 2022 were included. All patients were randomly assigned to derivation and validation cohorts. Independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes were identified by multivariate analyses. Three models were conducted to evaluate whether perioperative laboratory changes improve prediction performance. A nomogram including all independent predictors was developed in the derivation cohort and verified in both cohorts. Results: Diabetes mellitus [OR (95% CI) = 2.84 (1.44–5.59)], WFNS grade 3–5 [OR: (95% CI), 9.17 (5.49–15.33)], clipping [OR (95% CI) = 1.71 (1.03–2.85)], perioperative changes in white blood cell count [OR (95% CI) = 2.15 (1.17–3.96)], and concentrations of ALT [OR (95% CI) = 1.41 (1.04–1.91)], sodium [OR (95% CI) = 5.40 (3.01–9.71)], and glucose [OR (95% CI) = 2.18 (1.05–4.53)] were independent predictors of an unfavorable outcome. The predictive nomogram incorporated the aforementioned predictors and performed well in the derivation cohort (AUC, 0.839; 95% CI: 0.810–0.866) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.797; 95% CI: 0.734–0.850). Conclusions: Perioperative changes in laboratory indicators can be predictors of unfavorable outcomes in aneurysmal SAH patients. The nomogram based on clinical and laboratory risk factors can be used as a convenient tool to facilitate individualized decision making.
Reliability, Accuracy, and Comprehensibility of AI-Based Responses to Common Patient Questions Regarding Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Lo Bianco Giuliano , Cascella Marco , Li Sean , Day Miles , Kapural Leonardo , Robinson Christopher L. , Sinagra Emanuele
Published: February 2025

Background: Although spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment for managing chronic pain, many patients have understandable questions and concerns regarding this therapy. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in delivering patient education in healthcare. This study evaluates the reliability, accuracy, and comprehensibility of ChatGPT’s responses to common patient inquiries about SCS. Methods: Thirteen commonly asked questions regarding SCS were selected based on the authors’ clinical experience managing chronic pain patients and a targeted review of patient education materials and relevant medical literature. The questions were prioritized based on their frequency in patient consultations, relevance to decision-making about SCS, and the complexity of the information typically required to comprehensively address the questions. These questions spanned three domains: pre-procedural, intra-procedural, and post-procedural concerns. Responses were generated using GPT-4.0 with the prompt “If you were a physician, how would you answer a patient asking…”. Responses were independently assessed by 10 pain physicians and two non-healthcare professionals using a Likert scale for reliability (1–6 points), accuracy (1–3 points), and comprehensibility (1–3 points). Results: ChatGPT’s responses demonstrated strong reliability (5.1 ± 0.7) and comprehensibility (2.8 ± 0.2), with 92% and 98% of responses, respectively, meeting or exceeding our predefined thresholds. Accuracy was 2.7 ± 0.3, with 95% of responses rated sufficiently accurate. General queries, such as “What is spinal cord stimulation?” and “What are the risks and benefits?”, received higher scores compared to technical questions like “What are the different types of waveforms used in SCS?”. Conclusions: ChatGPT can be implemented as a supplementary tool for patient education, particularly in addressing general and procedural queries about SCS. However, the AI’s performance was less robust in addressing highly technical or nuanced questions.
Hemi-Versus Total Hip Arthroplasty in Femoral Neck Fractures? Predicting Failure on a 10-Year Data Analysis of the German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD)
Authors: Hungerer Sven , Hinterwimmer Florian , Leister Iris , Langer Severin , Gotzler Alexander , Glowalla Claudio
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD) recorded almost 100,000 femoral neck fractures between 2013 and 2023. The aim of this study was to identify survival rates and risk factors for failure in individuals with femoral neck fractures. Methods: A dataset of 97,410 cases from the EPRD was analyzed. We compared hemiarthroplasty (HA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) using machine learning algorithms (MLAs) and statistical modeling approaches. For the MLA, the dataset was partitioned into training and test sets, with iterative feature selection and hyperparameter search. Predictive models were developed using XGBoost classifiers. Based on the feature importance, we performed LASSO regression to assess the odds ratios for key predictors of implant failure. Results: The failure rate was 3.7% for HAs and 5.6% for THAs, with a peak six weeks after surgery. LASSO regression revealed six risk factors for failure: non-cemented stem fixation (OR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.019–1.026), treatment type (THA vs. HA; OR: 1.013, 95% CI: 1.010–1.016), time to discharge (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.006–1.006), male sex (OR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.000–1.005), age (OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.999–0.999), and day of surgery (weekday vs. weekend/holiday; OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 1.002–1.008). Conclusions: Longer hospital stays, male sex, and surgeries performed on weekends or holidays were associated with higher failure risks, while cemented fixation and hemiarthroplasty showed protective effects. Given that the overall failure rate was only 4.5%, even a 1–2% change in odds represents a very large clinical effect.
Adipofascial Flap Reconstruction for Pulp Defects: A Retrospective Study of Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes
Authors: Delia Gabriele , Battaglia Fabiana , Cigna Emanuele , Maruccia Michele , Stagno d’Alcontres Francesco
Published: February 2025

Background: Injuries to the digital distal phalanx often result in functional impairments such as loss of grip and sensation, along with aesthetic challenges. Various reconstructive techniques, including the use of adipofascial flaps, have been explored to address these issues. The homodigital dorsal adipofascial reverse flap (HDARF) has demonstrated promising results in restoring both functionality and aesthetics. However, a comparative evaluation between adipofascial flaps and other commonly used techniques, such as V-Y advancement flaps and cross-finger flaps, remains limited. Objective: This retrospective study evaluates the long-term functional and aesthetic outcomes of adipofascial flap reconstructions for pulp defects, focusing on sensory recovery and patient satisfaction. Methods: Between 2010 and 2022, 20 patients (14 men, 6 women) with digital pulp defects underwent reconstruction using adipofascial flaps in a single-stage procedure. Injuries included avulsion and crush injuries, distributed across various digits. Sensory recovery was assessed using the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test and two-point discrimination. Joint mobility, cold intolerance, and aesthetic satisfaction were also evaluated. Results: All flaps were successfully reconstructed within 24 h of trauma. Sensory recovery was excellent, with Semmes–Weinstein scores ranging from 1.65 to 2.83, comparable to the uninjured hand. Two-point discrimination averaged 1–5 mm in most cases. Cold intolerance persisted in four patients, and mild nail dystrophy was noted in three cases, with one case of nail absence. Aesthetic satisfaction was high in 19 patients. Conclusions: The adipofascial flap effectively restores function and aesthetics in pulp defects, offering superior sensory recovery, high patient satisfaction, and minimal complications. Its regenerative potential and adaptability make it a valuable option for fingertip reconstruction, supporting its continued use in clinical practice.
Free Vibration and Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Hybrid Reinforced Laminated Composite Plates Under Thermal Conditions
Authors: Gulia Reeta , Garg Aman , Sahu Vaishali , Li Li
Published: February 2025

The present work aims to carry out free vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded hybrid reinforced laminated composite plates under thermal conditions. Finite element-based solutions are presented within the framework of recently proposed higher-order zigzag theory. Different variations of concentration of graphene platelets and fibers within the plate across its thickness are considered. First, the plate polymer is assumed to be reinforced using graphene platelets and then with fibers. The multiscale material properties of hybrid reinforced plates are obtained using the Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model. The nature of the distribution of graphene platelets and fibers across the thickness of the plate widely governs the free vibration behavior of functionally graded hybrid reinforced composite plates. The number of layers and shape factors also affect the free vibration behavior of functionally graded hybrid reinforced composite plates.
A Model of a “Smart” Thermoresponsive Composite with Convertible Surface Geometry Controlled by the Magnetocaloric Effect
Authors: Amirov Abdulkarim A. , Koliushenkov Maksim A. , Yusupov Dibir M. , Murliev Eldar K. , Chirkova Alisa M. , Kamantsev Alexander P.
Published: February 2025

A model of a “smart” composite based on a thermosensitive PNIPAM polymer deposited on a FeRh substrate with a modified periodic microstructure was proposed. The initial parameters of the model were determined from the properties of the actual composite sample and its components. Cooling of the sample using a magnetic field was shown by two independent methods, and at ~37 °C, it was −5.5 °C when a magnetic field of 1.8 T was applied. Based on experimental data, models of traditional and modified PNIPAM/FeRh composites were constructed. Calculations show that surface modification allows for an increase in the activation time for a polymer layer that is 20 µm thick from ~20 ms for a conventional composite to ~60 ms for a modified composite. Modification of the surface in the form of wells can be used to more effectively implement the idea of loading and releasing drugs for potential biomedical applications.
A Numerical Comparison of Eigenfunction Matching and Singularity-Respecting Galerkin Approximation Methods for Linear Water Wave Scattering
Authors: Wilks Ben , Meylan Michael H.
Published: February 2025

The convergence of two numerical methods for solving linear water wave scattering problems, namely the eigenfunction matching method (EMM) and the singularity-respecting Galerkin approximation (SRGA), is examined. To do so, the methods are applied to two simple problems, namely scattering by a partially submerged vertical barrier and scattering in a parallel walled channel with a step change in width. These problems contain corner singularities in the velocity potential of order −1/2 and −1/3, respectively, which the SRGA accounts for but EMMs do not. The results presented to compare the methods show that SRGA solutions are consistently more accurate than EMM solutions for the same amount of computing time. The results also show that the EMM solution for the channel problem is more accurate than the EMM solution for the vertical barrier problem due to the weaker singularity. Nevertheless, the EMM for the barrier is shown to still converge beyond three decimal places if a sufficiently large matrix is used—slower computation may be a worthwhile trade-off in certain situations because the EMM is usually considered to be more straightforward to implement. Our results serve as a practical guide for researchers selecting between the numerical methods.
Evolution of “Production–Living–Ecological” Spaces Conflicts and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Service Values in the Farming–Pastoral Ecotone in Inner Mongolia During Rapid Urbanization
Authors: Yu Ziqi , Meng Xi , Yu Gongjue
Published: February 2025

Rapid urbanization is causing ecological and environmental issues to worsen. The stability of the ecosystem function of the farming–pastoral ecotone (FPE) in Inner Mongolia is essential to ensuring the sustained growth of the nearby cities, acting as a vital ecological safeguard in China’s northern regions. This study used the “production–living–ecological” spaces (PLES) spatial dynamics, the rate of change index, and the standard deviation ellipse to examine the spatial and temporal evolution of the PLES in the FPE in Inner Mongolia. This study constructed a spatial conflict index model based on the theory of landscape ecology, and evaluated the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the region and visualized the results of the analysis using the micro-scale of the grid. Finally, the relationship between the ESV and PLES spatial conflicts was determined using a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The findings show that: (1) During the 20 years, the maximum ecological spatial change rate reached 0.43%, with the cumulative spatial dynamics of PLES totaling 2.49%. Notably, industrial production space activities experienced the most significant increase, amounting to 277.09%. (2) Regional spatial conflict intensity shows an upward trend from 2000 to 2020, with the average conflict level increasing from 0.53 to 0.56, and high conflict values being concentrated in the east. (3) The ESV pattern in the FPE in Inner Mongolia is characterized by “high ESV in the east and low ESV in the central and western regions”, with an overall trend of increasing and then decreasing. A notable negative correlation was observed between ESV and PLES spatial conflicts in the region, with Moran’s I indicating values of−0.196, −0.293, and−0.163, respectively. Specifically, low-value–high-conflict zones were predominantly found in other ecological spaces, high-value–low-conflict zones was concentrated in forest ecological spaces, and high-value–high-conflict zones were predominantly concentrated in aquatic ecological spaces. The research findings serve as a crucial scientific foundation for the development of ecological civilization and the sustainable advancement of the FPE in Inner Mongolia.
A Phased Approach to Urban Stream Restoration Decision-Making in Utoy Creek, Atlanta, Georgia
Authors: Menichino Garrett T. , Abera Liya E. , Rickey Terry W. , Phillips Stephen P. , McKay S. Kyle
Published: February 2025

Urban watersheds undergo significant ecological change due to increased imperviousness, flashy hydrologic processes, channel evolution, the loss of riparian zones, and the fragmentation of movement corridors. Watershed restoration seeks to address these challenges simultaneously through site-scale actions coordinated at the basin scale. Ecological benefits, social outcomes, and monetary costs represent common metrics to inform decision-making on these programs. However, decision-making at the site and watershed scale may differ, and the accuracy and resolution of benefit and cost data should vary as project needs dictate. This paper presents a case study of urban stream restoration in Utoy Creek, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, where multiple partner organizations are planning a portfolio of stream restoration projects. Analyses were conducted to assess ecological benefits, social outcomes, and monetary costs at the watershed scale to inform site selection, at the site scale to guide restoration design, and then again at the watershed scale to identify an effective portfolio of sites. These scales each presented unique technical challenges and required the adaptation of analytical methods to suit decision-making needs. This case study is not presented as a comprehensive approach applicable in all urban systems, but instead a template for urban restoration practitioners to adapt to their unique watershed and planning contexts.
Coherent Structure in Indium Doped Phase Change Materials
Authors: Wang Rui , Zheng Yonghui , Liu Qianchen , Wei Tao , Xin Tianjiao , Liu Cheng , Tang Qiongyan , Shi Guangjie , Liu Bo , Cheng Yan
Published: February 2025

Phase change memory (PCM) technology demonstrates significant potential as a next-generation non-volatile storage solution for information applications. Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) alloy, the most well-established material employed in commercial PCM devices, exhibits limited thermal stability. Doping, as an effective approach for enhancing thermal stability, often induces element segregation and phase separation. This study systematically investigates the impact of indium (In) doping on GST phase-change material. Experimental results demonstrate that In doping significantly enhances the thermal stability of GST film. In17GST exhibits a 130 °C increase in crystallization temperature (from 181 °C to 311 °C). Especially, the introduction of In leads to the formation of In2Te3 phase, which exhibits a remarkably similar crystal structure to GST with only a ~2% lattice mismatch. Consequently, In2Te3 phase forms a coherent structure with GST lattice, thereby promoting the stability of the phase boundary. Additionally, In2Te3 phase facilitates efficient heating with a 5.7% improvement in heating efficiency (913 K vs. 864 K at 5 ns) and contributes to improved RESET operations in PCM devices. Our study lays the foundation for the composition and structure design for high thermal stability and low power consumption in PCM devices.
The Influence of Rare Earth Metals on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 220 and 356.1 Alloys for Automotive Industry
Authors: Doty Herbert W. , El-Hadad Shimaa , Samuel Ehab , Samuel Agnes M. , Samuel Fawzy H.
Published: February 2025

Application of rare earths (RE) as grain refiners is well-known in the technology of aluminum alloys for the automotive industry. In the current study, Al-2.4%Cu-0.4%Mg alloy (coded 220) and Al-7.5%Si-0.35%Mg alloy (coded 356.1), were prepared by melting each alloy in a resistance furnace. Strontium (Sr) was used as a modifier, while titanium boride (TiB2) was added as a grain refiner. Measured amounts of Ce and La were added to both alloys (max. 1 wt.%). The alloy melts were poured in a preheated metallic mold. The main part of the study was conducted on tensile testing at room temperature. The results show that although RE would cause grain refining to be about 30–40% through the constitutional undercooling mechanism, grain refining with TiB2 would lead to approximately 90% refining (heterogenous nucleation mechanism). The addition of high purity Ce or La (99.9% purity) has no modification effect regardless of the alloy composition or the concentration of RE. Depending on the alloy ductility, the addition of 0.2 wt.%RE has a hardening effect that causes precipitation of RE in the form of dispersoids (300–700 nm). However, this increase vanishes with the decrease in alloy ductility, i.e., with T6 treatment, due to intensive precipitation of ultra-fine coherent Mg2Si-phase particles. There is no definite distinction in the behavior of Ce or La in terms of their high affinity to interact with other transition elements in the matrix, particularly Ti, Fe, Cu, and Sr. When the melt was properly degassed using high-purity argon and filtered using a 20 ppi ceramic foam filter, prior to pouring the liquid metal into the mold sprue, no measurable number of RE oxides was observed. In conclusion, the application of RE to aluminum castings would only lead to formation of a significant volume fraction of brittle intermetallics. In Ti-free alloys, identification of Ce- or La-intermetallics is doubtful due to the fairly thin thickness of the precipitated platelets (about 1 µm) and the possibility that most of the reported Al, Si, and other elements make the reported values for RE rather ambiguous.
Effect of GBF Process Conditions on the Microstructural Characteristic, Melt Quality and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si Alloys with Scrap Addition
Authors: Kim Minji , Kim Kyung Il , Lee Jeong-Keun , Hyun Soong-Keun , Kim Kyung-Taek
Published: February 2025

In this study, the applicability of an Al-Si alloy with 30 wt% added scrap for automobile pistons was evaluated by investigating the melt quality, microstructural characteristics, and tensile properties under modified GBF (gas bubbling filtration) process conditions, including increasing rotor rotation speed and adjusting the air-line supply and the inclination angle of the impeller blade. The melt quality was dramatically improved under modified GBF process conditions, resulting in a very clean melt, with the D.I. value decreasing by 28%, the length of the oxide layer per kilogram decreasing by 65%, and inclusion content decreasing by 97% compared to that of the conventional GBF process conditions. Additionally, the size of primary Si decreased from 40 µm to 27 µm, and the eutectic Si and intermetallic compounds were refined, showing a very fine microstructure. The identified phases included Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, AlxCuyNiz, and MgO. The ultimate tensile strength was 275 MPa, and the elongation was 6.0%, indicating improved tensile properties compared to those of the conventional GBF process conditions. The fracture behavior changed from a brittle microcleavage fracture mode to a ductile dimple fracture mode as the primary Si, eutectic Si particles, and intermetallic compounds were refined under modified GBF process conditions. These results confirmed that Al-Si alloy with added scrap can be used as a material for automobile pistons.
Influence of Temperature and Flow Rate on Erosion–Corrosion of Low-Alloy Steel in Simulated Steam Generator Conditions
Authors: Bojinov Martin , Betova Iva , Ivanova Nikoleta , Karastoyanov Vasil
Published: February 2025

The erosion–corrosion mechanism of low-alloy steel in high-ammonia steam generator’s chemistry is studied by in situ impedance spectroscopy coupled with an in-depth analysis of formed oxides using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. A novel electrode setup that ensures turbulent conditions in the vicinity of the steel sample is used. The effect of temperature (130–230 °C) and flow rate (2–10 dm3 h−1) is investigated. The energy of adsorption of ammonia depends on temperature and is estimated using molecular dynamic simulations. The kinetic and transport parameters of the corrosion process are estimated via the regression of the experimental impedance spectra to the transfer function of the Mixed-Conduction Model for oxide films. Conclusions are drawn about the effect of Cr in the alloy, and the temperature and flow rate on the corrosion mechanism.
Effect of Deposition Parameters for Ni-Au Coatings on Corrosion Protection Properties of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Shipeng , Xu Jinglan , Huang Dingchuan , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Tian , Xiong Liangliang , Fan Xiaoqiang
Published: February 2025

The Ni-Au coating with its inherent chemical stability is recognized as an effective method for boosting corrosion resistance in humid environments while preserving exceptional electrical conductivity. However, its anti-corrosion performance is affected by the structure characteristics of the coating due to the high corrosion potentials of Au and Ni. To enhance its protection properties, the deposition process parameters, including deposition time, deposition current density, and zincating times, were investigated. The morphology and structure of the coatings were characterized, while its anti-corrosion performance was assessed through electrochemical and accelerated salt-spray tests. Eventually, the elevated current density in the Ni-Au coating resulted in reduced grain size and improved surface morphology, ensuring superior anti-corrosion performance. Additionally, extending the Ni deposition time provided a second physical barrier for the dense and thick Ni layer to resist the invasion of corrosive media. Furthermore, grey theory was applied to predict the service life of the Ni-Au coating. This research provides valuable insights and constructive guidance for optimizing Ni-Au coating in various engineering applications.
Increasing Stability in the Inverse Source Problem with an Interval (K1, K2) of Frequencies
Authors: Si Suliang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study the increasing stability in the inverse source problem with an interval (K1,K2) of frequencies. Our results show that increasing stability can be obtained with larger wavenumber intervals. The stability estimate consists of the Lipschitz type data discrepancy and the frequency tail of the source function, where the latter decreases as the frequency K2 increases or K1 decreases. The method is based on the Fourier transform and explicit bounds for analytic continuation.
Golden Ratio Function: Similarity Fields in the Vector Space
Authors: Grigoryan Artyom , Grigoryan Meruzhan
Published: February 2025

In this work, we generalize and describe the golden ratio in multi-dimensional vector spaces. We also introduce the concept of the law of similarity for multidimensional vectors. Initially, the law of similarity was derived for one-dimensional vectors. Although it operated with the values of the ratio of the parts of the whole, it created linear dimensions (a line is one-dimensional). The presented concept of the general golden ratio (GGR) for the vectors in a multidimensional space is described in detail with equations. It is shown that the GGR is a function of one or more angles, which is the solution to the golden equation described in this work. The main properties of the GGR are described, with illustrative examples. We introduce and discuss the concept of the golden pair of vectors, as well as the concept of a set of similarities for a given vector. We present our vision on the theory of the golden ratio for triangles and describe similarity triangles in detail and with illustrative examples.
Study of Generalized Double-Phase Problem with ς-Laplacian Operator
Authors: Arhrrabi Elhoussain , El-Houari Hamza , Ghanmi Abdeljabbar , Kefi Khaled
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we explore a novel class of double-phase ς-Laplacian problems involving a ϕ-Hilfer fractional operator. Employing variational techniques and weighted Musielak space theory, we establish the existence of infinitely many positive solutions under suitable assumptions on the nonlinearities. Our main results are original and significantly advance the literature on problems featuring ϕ-Hilfer derivatives and the ς-Laplacian operator.
An Integrative Machine Learning Model for Predicting Early Safety Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Kurmanaliyev Abilkhair , Sutiene Kristina , Braukylienė Rima , Aldujeli Ali , Jurenas Martynas , Kregzdyte Rugile , Braukyla Laurynas , Zhumagaliyev Rassul , Aitaliyev Serik , Zhanabayev Nurlan , Botabayeva Rauan , Orazymbetov Yerlan , Unikas Ramunas
Published: February 2025

Background: Early safety outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis are critical for patient prognosis. Accurate prediction of adverse events can enhance patient management and improve outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict early safety outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-centre study involving 224 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI. Seventy-seven clinical and biochemical variables were collected for analysis. To handle unbalanced classification problems, an adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) sampling approach was used. A fined-tuned random forest (RF) machine learning model was developed to predict early safety outcomes, defined as all-cause mortality, stroke, life-threatening bleeding, acute kidney injury (stage 2 or 3), coronary artery obstruction requiring intervention, major vascular complications, and valve-related dysfunction requiring repeat procedures. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAPs) were used to explain the output of the machine learning model by attributing each variable’s contribution to the final prediction of early safety outcomes. Results: The random forest model identified left femoral artery diameter and aortic valve calcification volume as the most influential predictors of early safety outcomes. SHAPs analysis demonstrated that smaller left femoral artery diameter and higher aortic valve calcification volume were associated with poorer early safety prognoses. Conclusions: The machine learning model highlights of early safety outcomes after TAVI. These findings suggest that incorporating these variables into pre-procedural assessments may improve risk stratification and inform clinical decision-making to enhance patient care.
Effect of Wall Roughness in the Middle Zone of Spiral Concentrator on the Flow Field Evolution of Hematite–Quartz Slurry and Particle Separation Behaviour
Authors: Gao Shuling , Zhou Xiaohong , Li Bochao , Wang Qian , Liu Chunyu
Published: February 2025

The spiral concentrator is usually the first operation in the combined process of iron ore beneficiation. The industrial separation index decreases as the trough surface undergoes increased wear. A combination of surface roughness measurement and numerical experimental methods is utilized to systematically investigate the effect of wall roughness in the middle zone on the evolution of the flow field of a slurry consisting of hematite, quartz and water in a spiral concentrator. The radial migration and distribution characteristics of hematite and quartz particles are analysed, and the separation indexes are further evaluated. The results show that an increase in wall roughness (Ks value) in the middle zone has been shown to decrease the depth of slurry flow, the velocity and radial flux of secondary flow in the inner and middle zones of the trough, and to narrow the space of inward flow. The variation in hydrodynamic parameters is particularly pronounced as the Ks value increases from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, resulting in a significant reduction in the space available to the separation fluid and an observable interruption in the inward flow. The migration tendency of hematite and quartz particles to the inner trough is reduced depending on the flow field parameters, and their enrichment zones are both shifted outward. The migration amount and distance of particles show apparent differences in density and size. The separation indexes decrease slightly as the wall roughness (Ks value) in the middle zone increases in the 0.01 to 0.1 mm range, but the iron grade of concentrate decreases significantly, and the separation effect worsens as the Ks value increases from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. The separation effect of hematite and quartz particles in the spiral concentrator is influenced by the comprehensive interaction of feed size and wall roughness in the middle zone. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the selection of trough material, surface structure design and the production process control of the spiral concentrator.
Recent Progress in Bismuth Vanadate-Based Photocatalysts for Photodegradation Applications
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Li Hao , Yin Dan
Published: February 2025

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), a well-known semiconductor photocatalyst with various advantages, has shown great potential in addressing energy and environmental issues. However, its inherent drawbacks restrict the photocatalytic performance of pure BiVO4. In the past few years, many efforts have been devoted to improving the catalytic activity of BiVO4 and revealing the degradation mechanism in depth. In this review, we summarized the recent progress on BiVO4 in the field of photocatalytic degradation, including the strategies which enhance light absorption ability and suppress the recombination of charge carriers of BiVO4, as well as the related degradation mechanism. Finally, future prospects and challenges are summarized, which may provide new guidelines for designing more effective BiVO4-based photocatalysts for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants.
Soft, Stretchable, High-Sensitivity, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Strain Sensor for Joint Healthcare
Authors: Guo Zechen , Hu Xiaohe , Chen Yaqiong , Ma Yanwei , Zhao Fuqun , Guo Sheng
Published: February 2025

Exoskeletons play a crucial role in joint healthcare by providing targeted support and rehabilitation for individuals with musculoskeletal diseases. As an assistive device, the accurate monitoring of the user’s joint signals and exoskeleton status using wearable sensors is essential to ensure the efficiency of conducting complex tasks in various scenarios. However, balancing sensitivity and stretchability in wearable devices for exoskeleton applications remains a significant challenge. Here, we introduce a wearable strain sensor for detecting finger and knee joint motions. The sensor utilizes a stretchable elastic conductive network, incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into Ecoflex. The concentration of MWCNTs has been meticulously optimized to achieve both a high gauge factor (GF) and stability. With its high sensitivity, the sensor is enabled to be applied in the angle monitoring of finger joints. By integrating the sensor with human knee joints and an exoskeleton device, it can simultaneously detect the flexion and extension movements in real-time. This sensor holds significant potential for enhancing exoskeleton performance and improving joint healthcare technologies.
Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids
Authors: Murshed S M Sohel
Published: February 2025

Nanofluids have emerged as an advanced media in many applications, particularly thermal management and energy efficiency applications, with extensive research focusing on their thermophysical properties and thermal performances [...]