bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher Order Thinking Skills Analysis on Problems in Class XI SMA Physics Books
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Saparini Saparini , Yasmin Fathiyyah , Saukani Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Currently, schools are expected to be able to train students to get used to solving higher-order thinking questions, one of which is through the textbooks the teacher chooses to teach. This study aimed to analyze the types of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions in Physics textbooks for class XI students. Data was collected using documentation techniques. The documents are physics textbooks from four publishers: Erlangga, Grafindo, Yrama Widya, and Intan Pariwara. Data analysis in the form of the percentage of HOTS questions in each book was calculated quantitatively and then discussed qualitatively related to these results. The results showed that the distribution of HOTS questions in (1) Erlangga textbooks was 8% in chapter 1 and 8% in chapter 2; (2) Grafindo textbooks by 20% in chapter 1 and 20% in chapter 2; (3) Yrama Widya textbooks by 43% in chapter 1 and 50% in chapter 2; (4) Intan Pariwara textbooks by 55% in chapter 1 and 40% in chapter 2. Among the four textbooks, the book published by Intan Pariwara has the highest distribution of HOTS questions. Based on this result, teachers can use this book to carry out learning evaluations to measure students' HOTS abilities.
Development of Android-Based Learning Media on Dynamics and Atmospheric Stability Material
Authors: Ruhiat Yayat , Suherman Suherman , Gustini Hesti
Published: January 2024

By employing device technology, or what is known as mobile learning, this project intends to create Android-based goods as learning mediums. A different type of learning medium is mobile learning. The availability of mobile learning can facilitate learning for students by enabling them to acquire difficult content anywhere and at any time. This content was created in a visual and audiovisual style for Android. The ADDIE Development model and research in research and development (R&D) are utilized to accomplish this purpose. This paradigm's five steps are analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Material expert and material expert tests were performed to evaluate the consistency of the medium and content. A very practical category was produced due to the two experts' determination of the product's validity. Tests on material experts were conducted to ascertain the coherence between the medium and the material. The two experts' product results were valid, and they created a workable category. The media experts' validation results averaged 90.06%, which met the "very valid" criteria, while the material validation results averaged 80.91%, which met the "very valid" criteria. It is recommended that every teacher in the school be more creative in creating online learning content that is not boring and more effective.
Creating a Class Plan to Strengthen Marital Relationships During Pregnancy in Japan
Authors: Ueda Izumi , Fukagawa Shuhei , Murakawa Sho , Aoki Asako , Honda Hikaru
Published: January 2024

BackgroundChild-rearing support programs in Japan have focused on supporting families (especially mothers) after their children are born. Maternal and child healthcare services during pregnancy mainly target mothers and their children. Although programs for fathers (such as parent–teacher classes) are gradually being implemented, support for fathers will become more important in the future.ObjectivesWe reviewed studies conducted in Japan on support for fathers during pregnancy (especially those focusing on the content of classes) and examined the content and methods of classroom approaches for fathers. Then, the content of the exercises related to the Becoming Parents Program was examined. The BPP, which was developed in Washington D.C., is an experiential program that focuses on strengthening the couple’s partnership, particularly in the transition to fatherhood. Focusing on the father–partner relationship itself, this study aimed to examine the kind of support methods and content would be best for planning a class during pregnancy in Japan and developing a class plan.MethodsWe searched the nursing literature for studies on classes or classes for expectant fathers that included educational content on fathers during pregnancy. Thirteen domestic studies were included in the literature review. Next, 16 exercises from the BPP book were analyzed for content.ResultsExpectant fathers sought specific information on support for their spouses. The 16 exercises in the BPP book entitled “The Speaker-Listener Technique and Problem Solving” were found to be fundamental skills. A proposed class for expectant parents incorporating the basics of BPP was designed.ConclusionsAlthough there are differences in social backgrounds, cultures, and family backgrounds between Japan and other countries, we believe that the basic skills can be commonly used. In Japan, it is necessary to consider holding classes for parents to strengthen their marital relationship during pregnancy.
O lugar das humanidades na formação docente para a atuação na educação infantil e nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Andrade Glauciane Ferreira da Costa , Macedo Aldenora Conceição de , Devechi Catia Piccolo Viero
Published: January 2024

Frente à urgência de problematizar as mudanças trazidas pelas CNE/CP nº 2/2019 que institui as atuais Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial de Professoras(es) para a Educação Básica e estabelece a Base Nacional Comum para a Formação Inicial de Professoras(es) da Educação Básica (BNC-Formação), discutimos o lugar das humanidades na formação docente para atuação na educação infantil e nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, procedemos, inicialmente, à análise documental das legislações nacionais referente à formação de professoras(es): Resoluções CNE/CP nº 1/2002, nº 2/2015 e nº 2/2019 e CNE/CP nº 1/2006. Na sequência, realizamos entrevistas e aplicamos questionário à 18 coordenadoras(es) de cursos de pedagogia, de universidades federais de diferentes regiões do país, que se disponibilizaram a colaborar com a pesquisa. Dos dados produzidos, destacamos  três dimensões que discutimos a partir da perspectiva teórica de Biesta (2021), Nussbaum (2015) e Dalbosco (2015, 2019, 2021, 2022): a) Posicionamento acerca da Resolução CNE/CP nº 2/2019; b) Considerações sobre a linguagem da aprendizagem de competências e habilidades na formação docente; e c) Pontos de vista no que diz respeito ao espaço destinado aos estudos em humanidades nessas licenciaturas. A partir de um movimento hermenêutico, realizamos um exercício de escuta, interpretação e reflexão, que nos permitiu melhor entendimento da condição atual e a realidade próxima de transformações a ser enfrentada por tais cursos.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU BACA TULIS AKSARA LONTARA’ BERBASIS BUDAYA BUGIS UNTUK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Kilawati Andi , Zulham M , Sunardin
Published: January 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian pengembangan buku baca tulis aksara lontara’ bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan baca tulis aksara lontara’ pada siswa sekolah dasar kelas fase C (kelas V). Jenis penelitian ini adalah R & D dan mengunakan model ADDIE (analysis, design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Uji coba penelitian ini direalisasikan sesuai tempat obervasi awal yaitu di SDN 106 Kabupaten Barru. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 17 siswa kelas V (fase C). Instrument penelitian ini adalah tes, angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil validasi ahli budaya menunjukkan 92% kategori sangat layak, hasil vvalidasi ahli bahasa menunjukkan 94% kategori sangat layak, dan hasil validasi isi materi menunjukkan 90% dengan kategori sangat layak. Hasil uji coba awal menunjukkan kemampuan baca tulis aksara lontara mencapai 87% kategori sangat baik, dan pada hasil uji coba akhir (uji coba kelompok besar) kemampuan baca tulis aksara lontara’ siswa berhasil mencapai  89,3% kategori sangat baik.   capaian ini menunjukkan bahwa buku ajar baca tulis aksara lontara’ layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan baca tulis aksara lontara’ siswa sekolah dasar kelas V (fase C).

Kata Kunci : Baca Tulis, Aksara Lontara’, Budaya Bugis
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hasmiati Hasmiati , Fawzani Nurul , Muhlis Wachida
Published: January 2024

Sebagai upaya dalam peningkatan kualitas pendidikan berbagai cara dilakukan, seperti perubahan kurikulum yang menyesuaikan kebutuhan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik, tuntutan masyarakat, dan perkembangan zaman. Salah satunya yaitu pengembangan kurikulum merdeka belajar. Dunia pendidikan saat ini tidak hanya memerlukan kemampuan kognitif saja tetapi juga memerlukan kreativitas yang membuat peserta didik semakin produktif. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi kurikulum merdeka terhadap pengembangan kreativitas peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini mengx\gunakan teknik dokumentasi berupa catatan, transkrip, buku, surat kabar, majalah, prasasti, notulen, hasil penelitian, dan sebagainya. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk pengimplementasian kurikulum merdeka di sekolah dasar adalah pemanfaatan teknologi, menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran, menerapkan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan minat dan bakat, pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan situasi dan kondisi lingkungan, serta kearifan lokal, sosial ekonomi dan memberikan ruang kepada peserta didik untuk belajar secara kolaboratif. Sehingga dapat dipahami bahwa penerapan kurikulum merdeka berdampak pada peningkatan kreativitas peserta didik untuk menghasilkan inovasi dalam pendidikan.
The Tradition of Surah Al-Hashr Recitation As A Student’s Self-Protective Method at Sulaimaniyyah Islamic Boarding School Turkey, Indonesia
Authors: Munana Maksalmina Nila , Atabik Ahmad
Published: January 2024

This study examines the tradition of reciting verses 22-24 of Surah al-Hashr, a practice commonly performed within the dhikr following the compulsory Maghrib and Fajr prayers at the Sulaimaniyyah Tahfiz Islamic Boarding School in Pati. In this Islamic institution, all students are mandated to participate in this tradition, ensuring their habitual engagement in their daily lives. Employing a Living Qur'an study and a phenomenological approach, the research methodology relied on observation, interviews, and documentation within an interpretative study aimed at elaborating various human experiences. Additionally, Karl Mannheim's theory was employed to analyze the issue from objective, expressive, and documentary perspectives. This study provides the following conclusions: First, the tradition of Surah al-Hashr verses 22-24 recitation, performed on a daily basis after the compulsory Magrib and Fajr prayers, serves as a motivational tool to inspire readers and to tap into the numerous benefits it contains. Second, the objective meaning of reciting these verses establishes the long-standing nature of this tradition, with the holistic purpose of nurturing students into virtuous and Qur'anic individuals. Whereas, the expressive meaning may offer a self-protection, serving as a formidable shield against external malevolence, particularly for the students, protecting them from evil forces that seek to beguile and interfere human beings. Furthermore, it facilitates the students in their Quran memorization processes. In terms of documentary meaning, this tradition helps fostering religious devotion among students, both to their relationship with Allah (hablun minallah) and their relationship with fellow human beings (hablun minannas).
Digitalisasi Desa Punggul
Authors: Junaedi Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Kami panjatkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan Rahmat serta hidayah-Nya kepada kami semua, sehingga kami dapat kesempatan untuk menyelesaikan laporan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dalam keadaan sehat wal,afiat. Shalawat serta salam tidak lupa kita haturkan kepada junjungan kita semua, yakni Nabi Muhammad SAW. Buku pengabdian masyarakat ini kami susun sebagai salah satu bentuk untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan Pengabdian Masyarakat bagi para mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, terutama kelompok 1 yang berada di desa Punggul Kecamatan Gedangan Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Kita Ada di Sentul
Authors: Faizah Ima
Published: January 2024

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas kami sebagai mahasiswa dalam rangka pengamalan salah satu catur dharma perguruan tinggi yaitu pengabdian masyarakat. Pengabdian masyarakat yang kami laksanakan berada di Desa Sentul, KecamatanTanggulangin, Kabupaten Sidoarjo
The Power of Jemirahan "Jemifarm Jembatan Bisnis Baru"
Authors: Rahayu Duwi
Published: January 2024

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, sehingga Buku Pengabdian Masyarakat UMSIDA di Desa Jemirahan Tahun 2019 dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dan tepat pada waktu yang telah ditentukan. Buku Pengabdian Masyarakat ini, kami susun berdasarkan apa yang telah kami jalankan selama di Desa Jemirahan, program tersebut berupa pemberdayaan masyarakat di bidang lingkungan melalui teknologi hidroponik untuk pemanfaatan lahan sempit, yang berada di Desa Jemirahan kecamatan Jabon kabupaten Sidoarjo, provinsi Jawa Timur. Kegiatan yang telah diprogramkan dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik atas kerja sama dari berbagai pihak, terutama aparat desa dan masyarakat Desa Jemirahan
Anaesthetic Management of Morgagni Hernia Repair in an Infant- A Case Report
Authors:   Consultant Anaesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia, Ramnad Neuro care, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu 623501, India., Ashar Ali H Ahamed , Nilofar Thahseen ,   Consultant Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Ramnad Neuro care, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu 623501, India.
Published: January 2024

Morgagni hernia is a rare variety of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and its diagnosis is usually incidental. When symptomatic, it is usually gastro intestinal. Cardio- pulmonary compromise due to hernia contents on lungs, heart and great vessels even in an uncomplicated hernia, poses a challenge for anaesthesiologist. Intra operative complications to be anticipated are hypoxia, hypercarbia, right to left shunt. Post operatively, atelectasis is an expected complication which could be prevented with adequate analgesia.
HPV Vaccines in Adolesient Girls
Authors:   Professor & HOD OBGY, A C P M Medical College, Dhule 424001 Maharashtra, India., Patil Alka , Sudani Hetashvi ,   Junior Resident, A C P M Medical College, Dhule 424001 Maharashtra, India.Junior Resident, A C P M Medical College, Dhule 424001 Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Adolescence is a transitional journey from childhood to adult life along with physical development and sexual maturation. This may be considered as physical, psychological and emotional rebirth. HPV is the cause of variety of proliferative lesions in humans including anogenital warts and neoplasia. Immunization is one of the most important, most beneficial and cost effective disease prevention measures that can be provided for adolescents. Bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are available. The development of HPV vaccines is a major medical achievement of 21st century. Finally, there is hope that cervical cancer may be controlled globally. Keywords: Adolescent, vaccine, cervical cancer, HPV, prevention.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Children: A Preliminary Review
Authors:   B.Sc. Department of Nursing, Galgotias School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kumari Anjali , Tiwari Shivam ,   B.Sc.Department of Nursing, Galgotias School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sharma Bandhu ,   Tutor, Department of Nursing, Galgotias School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India, Subashini SP ,   Dean, Department of Nursing, Galgotias School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: January 2024

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been a key immunotherapeutic strategy in numerous neurological syndromes, predominantly during the acute phase of illness.The rarity of these immunological disorders in children, combined with a lack of understanding of their pathobiology, has hampered the creation of a solid scientific rationale for TPE therapy and the practicality of larger controlled studies. TPE is still used, but it's a pricey treatment with a lot of side effects. Uncertainty persists over how to compare the various TPE procedures, the best therapeutic dosage, and TPE monitoring and integration with other immunotherapies. The extracellular component of blood (plasma) is extracted from the cellular component (plasmapheresis), replaced with a colloid or crystalloid substitute, reintegrated with the cellular component, and returned to the patient in therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The goal of treatment is to get rid of potential illness mediators such toxic macromolecules and pathogenic autoantibodies from the body. The method was first described in the early twentieth century, and by the early 1970s, it was widely available for therapeutic application. Since then, the list of therapy indications has grown dramatically, with neurological diseases accounting for a sizable share. However, only 13.4 percent of children admitted for category I (first-line) American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) indications and 9.3 percent of those admitted for category II (second-line) indications received TPE, according to a recent survey of 42 North American Paediatric hospitals that provide the treatment.
Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid in A 12 Year Old Child: A Case Report
Authors:   Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur 680596, Kerala,India., Kesavan TM Ananda , Varghese Bincy ,   Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur 680596, Kerala,India., Noona K K ,   Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur 680596, Kerala,India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Pediatric thyroid cancer is an uncommon malignancy. Though rare it is treatable and has an excellent prognosis. The disease characteristics are different among children and adults. In children the disease is aggressive at presentation and often associated with lymph node metastasis, extracapsular extension and a higher incidence of multifocality. This report adds to the few studies detailing thyroid cancers in children. Clinical Description: 12 year old girl presented with swelling in anterior aspect of neck for the past six months. It was a diffuse swelling with an insidious onset. It gradually increased to the present size. She had no family history of thyroid cancer or any history of exposure to radiation. On examination, child had pallor, lymphadenopathy. The thyroid gland was diffusely enlarged and firm with a hard nodule on the left lateral aspect. Management: She had normal thyroid function tests and highly elevated anti-TPO levels. USG thyroid showed evidence of papillary carcinoma in a background of thyroiditis and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. FNAC confirmed the diagnosis. CT evaluation revealed mediastinal lymph nodes. The child underwent total thyroidectomy with modified neck dissection. Conclusion: Though an aggressive malignancy at presentation with meticulous treatment it is curable, has an excellent prognosis, and can avoid complications
Unraveling the Case of Neuroblastoma
Authors:   Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur 680596, Kerala, India., Kesavan TM Ananda , Bakry Said ,   Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur 680596, Kerala, India., Raghunath Sreya ,   Junior resident, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur 680596, Kerala, India.
Published: January 2024

Neuroblastoma is the common extracranial solid tumor in children.Very often they are described as “enigmatic tumor” for its broad spectrum of clinical presentation and biological features. Prognosis varying from clinically incidence benign to unresectable or metastic disease with very poor outcomes. They may present with proptosis, periorbital ecchymosis, abdominal distension, bone pain, pancytopenia, fever, anemia, hypertension, paralysis, watery diarrhea, subcutaneous skin nodule and also with paraneoplastic syndromes. Very rarely they may present as a case of Fever of Unknown origin
Hypokalemic Peroidic Paralysis: The Unusual Ones in Pediatrics
Authors:   Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kesavan T M Ananda ,   Kerala 680596, India, Kumar K C Sreejith ,   Assistant Professor,,   Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur; Kerala 680596, India, Raghunath Sreya ,   Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Thrissur; Kerala 680596, India
Published: January 2024

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis is an uncommon but potentially life threatening clinical syndrome. It should consider in any child with recurrent motor paralysis. A positive family history with a low potassium level during attacks, will confirm the diagnosis If recognized and treated appropriately, patients recover without any clinical squeal. No extensive investigations are needed. KCL, acetazolamide, spiranolactone and lifestyle modificationswill help them to bring to normal activity.
Tangential Excision in Pediatric Burns
Authors:   Senior Resident, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Manisekaran Marenika , Kumar Chittoria Ravi ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Antony Chakiath Jacob ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

A 1-year-old boy sustained full-thickness burns to the abdomen. Skin grafting was performed after delayed tangential excision after wound demarcation, Indicating that careful tangential excision to viable tissue after wound demarcation in this vital area could be performed safely. In our study tangential excision was performed to improve outcome of wound healing in pediatrics burn patient.
Clinico-Bacteriological study of Nosocomial Infections in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)
Authors:   Consultant and Intensevist, Department of Peadiatrics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur-831001, Jharkhand, India,, Shivhar V. Sonawane , Vinod V Patil ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anasthesia, JMF’S ACPM Medical College, Dhule-424002, Maharashatra, India., Pranjali V Aher ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anasthesia, JMF’S ACPM Medical College, Dhule-424002, Maharashatra, India., Sanjay Joshi ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Peadiatrics, JMF’S ACPM Medical College, Dhule-424002, Maharashatra, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: In this study, we wanted to study the incidence, risk factors and clinical and bacteriological pattern of nosocomial infections in PICU. Methods: This study was conducted in the PICU of 900 bedded Tertiary hospital. 74 suspected cases of nosocomial infections were studied prospectively, identified as per the guidelines laid down by CDC. Results: The incidence of nosocomial infections was 29% (N=255). Bloodstream infections were the most commonly observed in the present study (43.24%, 32/74) followed by Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (32.43%, 24/74), Nosocomial pneumonia (16.21%, 12/74), and SSI (8.1%, 6/74). There were two patients with more than one nosocomial infections. The average duration of stay in children with NI the overall length of stay was 589 days with an average of 7.95 days compared to 4.63 days in children without NI. Conclusions: The risk of nosocomial infection was directly related to the duration of stay in the PICU and the duration of placement of indwelling catheters /tubes. Age and sex were the important independent risk factors for causing nosocomial infections as the incidence was more in the 2 months age group. BSI occurred more commonly in males while UTI in females. Other risk factors like malnutrition, immuno-compromised status and underlying illness were also associated with nosocomial infections. The most common organism was E. coli (sensitive to amikacin) followed by klebsiella and maximum sensitivity to piperacillin-tazobactam. Length of stay in PICU more in children with NI. There was no significance in mortality between both groups. Abbreviations: NI- Nosocomial infections. PICU- Pediatric intensive care unit. UTI- Urinary tract infections.
Role of Cyclic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in Pediatric Scald Burn
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Pondicherry-605006, India., Shobith Munipati Dhira , Kumar Chittoria Ravi ,   Professor & Registrar (Academic) Head of IT Wing and Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Pondicherry-605006, India., Kumar Singh. P Barath ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Pondicherry-605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Burns and related injuries are common causes of death and disability. The highest incidences of burn cases occur in children and adults. In children less than 2 years of age, contact with hot surfaces and scald burns are the most common presentation to the hospital. The practice of cooking at ground level or sleeping with a burning lamp are some of the causes. Early management of this type of burn results in better outcomes. In this case we describe the role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as an adjuvant in the management of paediatric thermal burns.
Studies on Genetic Environment Influences on the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders: A Review
Authors:   Assistant Registrar, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India., Padamavati R. , Sethuraj P. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India., Rathipriya P.S. ,   Central Library, Superintendent Technical Officer, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2024

This research article review the key types of genetic research design, methodology involved and emerging and established finding in relation to child and childhood psychiatric disorders, and finally genetic factors seems especially important for autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (Thapar and McGuffin, 2008)1 Twin and adoption study design are now being used to examine gene environment interplay, the effects of environment risk factors co-morbidity phenotype definition and development change Liu et al (2006)11 The ways in which specific gene variant excert risk effects at cellular and biological system are proving to highly competitive (Moffitt et al, 2005).2 Finally, molecular genetic studies also high light the importance of gene environment interply, which seems to be especially important in depression and wide anti social behavior. Liu. et al)11, owen et al 2005)12 , Moffitt, et al, (2005)2
Clinico-Etiological Profile and Short Term Outcomes in Pediatric Head Injury Cases: Our Institutional Experience
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Neursurgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai 400008, Maharastra, India,, Raosaheb Parve Patil Karansinh , Sharad Ghatage Prajakta ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dr Ghatage Multispeciality Hospital, Sangli 416416, Maharashtra, India., Tatyasaheb Ghatage Sharad ,   Professor and Head,  Department of Pediatrics, Dr Ghatage Multispeciality Hospital, Sangli 416416, Maharashtra, India., Pandurang Karmarkar Dilip ,   Head of Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dr Ghatage Multispeciality Hospital, Sangli 416416, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In developing countries like India, the incidence of TBI is very high. The pathophysiology, clinical presentations and management are different as compared to adults. Hence the need to have a focused study to evaluate etiology and outcomes in Pediatric traumatic head injury. Material and Method: We retrospectively studied 45 cases of pediatric traumatic head injury upto age 14 years presenting to our institute. The study period was of 1 year from june 2022 to june 2023. Demographic data and clinical features were noted and severity was assessed by GCS scale on admission. CT scan was done in all cases. Result: The number of males were 62.2% while 37.7% were females. The mean age of presentation was 5.7 years. The most common etiology in our study was fall (64%) followed by RTA (24%) and sports and others constituting the least (7%). The most common presenting feature was headache (66.6%), vomitting (63.4%) followed seizures (26.4) and loss of consciousness (6%). On basis of GCS, 90% cases were mild in severity and 8% moderate and 2% severe. CT was normal in 32% cases and abnormal in 68% cases with Fractures being more common finding. The short term outcome was good in 95.6% and 4.4% had neurodeficit. Anti convulsants were prescribed to 26% case. Conclusion: There is a urgent need to have studies focused on pediatric head injury cases. In present study we try to contribute to the current literature available in Indian settings. We also want to increase awareness about preventable cases as most of the head injury cases can be avoided by vigilance and care by the parents.
Early Total Body CT for Trauma Patients: A Randomized Cohort Study
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India., Ghosh Shaurav
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The purpose of our study was to compare Total-Body Computed Tomography (TBCT) with selective scanning in adults with poly-trauma and assess outcomes as a function of scan time, cost, radiation exposure and length of hospital stay. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was performed with data derived from the trauma registry of the Emergency department of a Quaternary care hospital. Admissions from January, 2017 to December, 2017 were considered. Patients were selected based on their Injury Severity Score (ISS). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using this data. Results: Outcomes were independent of gender and age distribution. Most patients belonged to the Young Adult (18–35 years) age group. The average time for scanning was 43.88m. Radiation Exposure was found to be increased after TBCT imaging compared with selective imaging. Scan-time and cost of investigation were less for the TBCT group. In the case of the selective scanning group, cost increased as re-imaging and further extended imaging was used. LOS was less for the TBCT imaging group. Subsequent re-visits post hospitalization were more in the case of the selective imaging group. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that application of Total Body CT significantly reduces overall time spent in the emergency department, with higher exposure to radiation, but with an overall benefit in terms of lower cost.
Correlation of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Cholelithiasis: A Case Control Study
Authors:   Associate professor, Department of General Surgery, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India., Rahman Zayd Ashok , Sen Swapnil ,   Senior resident, Department of General Surgery, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India., Pant Priyanka ,   PG Resident, Department of General Surgery, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India., Shahi Megha ,   PG Resident, Department of General Surgery, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India.
Published: January 2024

Gall stone disease is one of the most common cause for hospital admissions, with thyroid disorders being the most common endocrinopathy world wide. Aim: To establish correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism in the formation of gall stones and bile duct stones. Materials and Methods: Hospital based case control study on 400 patients in surgical OPD. S. TSH used for assesment of thyroid function and Cholelithiasis as diagnosed by ultrasound or suspected. Statistical: Categorical variables are expressed as Number and percentage of patients and compared using Pearson’s Chi Square test for Independence of Attributes/ Fisher’s Exact Test. Continuous variables are expressed as Mean, Median and Standard Deviation and compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical software SPSS version 20 has been used. Result: 400 patients evaluated. Out of 400 there were 7 with low (<0.3 mIU/L), 232 with normal, 161 with high TSH (>3 mIU/L). The proportion of cholelithiasis among males and females 38 and 62 % respectively. Significantly larger proportions of patients in Cases (male = 55.26%; female = 54.03%) have High TSH than Control (male = 38.82%;female = 41.13%), p value < 0.001 i.e significant. Conclusion: There is an association between hypothyroidism and formation of gall stones.
Utility of Simethicone as a Terminal Adjunct to Standard Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopies – A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors:   Medical Officer, General Surgery, Singhealth, Singapore 679520., Jeyaratnam Shubashri , Hoong Kao Nern ,   Professor, Consultant, Changi General Hospital, Singhealth, Singapore- 679520.
Published: January 2024

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant hamartomatous polyposis involving gastrointestinal tract associated with mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation involving lips, buccal mucosa ,hand and feet and predisposing the patient to various extraintestinal and intestinal cancers.This article includes case report of a 12 year female diagnosed with intussusception due to Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. This patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy followed by resection of about 30 cm necrosed , gangrenous ileum about 50cm proximal to ileocecal junction and then ileoileal anastomosis performed . This patient had pigmented hypermelanotic macules over lower lip ,buccal mucosa and face. This case was thoroughly examined and found to be a rare case of intestinal obstruction in paediatric patients. Key words: Peutz-Jeghers-syndrome; intussusception; hamartomatous polyposis.
Is Tip Repair in Hypospadias is a Confidence Building Procedure? Analysis of early Hundred Cases at A Pediatric Surgical Centre
Authors:   Assistant professor, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhutikhand, Gomtinagar, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh. India., Singh Shrikesh , Prakash Divya ,   Senior Resident, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhutikhand, Gomtinagar, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh. India., Khan Tanvir Roshan ,   Associate Professor, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhutikhand, Gomtinagar, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh. India.
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The tubularized incised plate (TIP) technique for hypospadias repairis a well-known procedure for urethroplasty. The authors in this studyanalyze the application and outcome of TIP by the Pediatric Surgeon. They describe how this procedure helps to start hypospadias surgery services especially to the newly established centres. The procedure can provide surgeons required confidence and prepare them to undertake the complex surgeries for hypospadias. Method: This is a prospective study done on all cases of hypospadias operated with TIP technique in a newly established centre for Pediatric Surgery for a period of two years. The results were evaluated on the basis of outcome in the form location and shape of meatus, correction of curvature. The complications were noted and individually treated. Results: Total 100 patients were operated with TIP technique during the study period. The Distal type of the hypospadias was the main variety treated (n=64) followed by mid penile and proximal penile type of hypospadias (n=21 and n=13 respectively). All patients were offered TIP as the method of urethroplasty and were operated by a single surgeon. The procedure was well tolerated by all the patients. There were few complications, mainly meatal stenosis and urethrocutaneous fistula. No Major complications were found. The cosmetic and functional outcome was good in all cases. Conclusion: The TIP urethroplasty offers a considerable safe technique in the patients of hypospadias. It can be easily learnt and reproduced. There is a learning curve associated with the procedure. The authors can conclude that the procedure of TIP in the cases of hypospadias brings a good amount of confidence in a Pediatric Surgeon to offer the services of hypospadias surgery especially in newly established setup. Keywords: Hypospadias; Pediatric; Fistula; Hypospadias.
Prediction of Ultrasound Guided Hydroreduction In Pediatric Intussusception Using Clinical Prediction Score
Authors:   Associate professor, Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal., Dahal Geha Raj , Dahal Rudra ,   Faculty Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal., Koirala Dinesh Prasad ,   Faculty Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal., Pokharel Rameshwar Prasad ,   Faculty Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Published: January 2024

Context: Intussusception is a common disorder of children. The current treatment modality is non operative procedure either by pneumatic reduction or saline hydroreduction. The failure of hydroreduction is one of the disadvantages of non operative reduction. Clinical prediction score (CPS) has been designed by Khorana to predict the success or failure of non operative reduction. Aims: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for the success or failure of saline hydroreduction. Settings and Design: This is a prospective observational study conducted in a University Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods and Material: All children with intussusception were subjected to hydroreduction unless contraindicated. The outcome of hydroreduction was measured as ‘Successful’ or Unsuccessful’ after the procedure. Clinical characteristics, ultrasound findings, and investigation results were compared between ‘Successful’ and Unsuccessful’ groups. The accuracy of CPS for prediction of success was calculated. Results: A total of 54 children underwent hydroreduction, among whom 47 (87%) were successful while 7 (13%) were unsuccessful. No patients developed complications. Rectal bleeding, fever and abdominal distension were significantly different between successful and unsuccessful groups. CPS was found to have a significant prediction of outcome for saline hydroreduction (P < .001). At a cut-off score of 11, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were 96%, 86%, 98% and 75% respectively. Conclusions: Rectal bleeding, fever and abdominal distension were independent risk factors for the failure of hydroreduction. CPS was a good predictor of the outcome of saline hydroreduction. Key Messages: Hydroreduction is a standard procedure for pediatric intussusceptions. Failure of reduction is a major concern of the procedure. This study focuses different parameters for outcome of hydroreduction. Rectal bleeding, fever and abdominal distension were found as significant predictor of failure of hydroreduction. Keywords: Intussusception; Hydroreduction; Risk factors; Clinical Prediction Score.
Prospective Clinical Study of Varicose Vein
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India,, Kedage Vijayendra , S V Bharath ,   Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India,, Prabakaran Balaji ,   Assistant professor, Department of General Surgery, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: The varicose vein is a common chronic peripheral vascular disease affecting the lower limbs. They have significant impact on the quality of life. Even though considerable advances in understanding venous pathophysiology and modern imaging techniques have revolutionized the lower limb varicosity management, whether these inferences hold good for our population is a pertinent question. Aims: To evaluate the clinical presentation and surgical outcome of management of varicose vein. Settings and Design: Prospective observational study. Methods and Material: Prospectively patients with symptoms and signs of varicose vein are evaluated. Precise proforma used to collect patient's demographic details, clinical features, and investigation reports; during the study from August 2016 to November 2018. Statistical analysis used: univariate analysis, percentages. Results: This study includes 132 patients, seventytwo (54.54%) are males, and sixty (45.45%) are females. In this study, varicose veins are commonly seen in the 40–50yr's age, and the right limb was affected in 51.38% than the left limb 88 (48.62%). The incompetence of the Saphenofemoral junction valve is seen in 24 (13.26%) patients, saphenopopliteal Valve incompetent in 17 (9.39%) patients & below knee perforator in 32 (17.67%) patients. Twenty-one out (15.90 %) of one thirty-two had a complication in our study; the commonest was surgical site infection in twelve (7.2%) patients. Conclusions: The varicose veins of lower limbs are a disease of the all-age adult group, common in fourth and fifth decades of life. Patients usually presents with complications rather than the disease itself. The wound infection is the common postoperative complication. Keywords: Flush Ligation; Saphenofemoral junction; Perforators; Varicose vein; Venous disease. Key Messages: Management of varicose vein is technology driven, Good results can be achieved by proper selection of patients and appropriate procedures.
A Fascinating Experience with A Rare Case of Granulomatous Mastitis
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Yogananda Multi-speciality Hospital, R K Layout 2nd Stage, Padmanabhanagar, Bengaluru 560070, Karnataka, India., Shankar K G Ravi , N Sumalatha ,   Junior Resident, Department of General Surgery, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore 560067, Karnataka, India., V Ravikumar ,   Professor and unit cheif, Department of General Surgery, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore 560067, Karnataka, India., .. Prashanth ,   Junior Resident, Department of General Surgery, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore 560067, Karnataka, India., Pasha Iram T ,   Junior Resident, Department of General Surgery, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore 560067, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

We Report a case of Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in a 30 year old pregnant woman who came to our hospital with complaints of painful lump in her right breast because the results of initial aspiration cytology was mammary abscess with focal mastitis, incision and drainage was performed when MRI breast showed intermediate concern for malignancy – Excision biopsy was done. However the final histopathological diagnosis was granulomatous mastitis with no evidence of malignancy. A review of literature revealed that idiopathic granulomatous mastitis has a tendency to affect young woman with a history of child birth on oral contraceptive usage. Clinical diagnosis and imaging has often been difficult. Complete resection or corticosteroid therapy can be recommended as appropriate treatment. Since recurrence rate is as high as 50%, long term follow up is indicated in such patients.
Corelation of Mammography with Histopathology in Breast Lump
Authors:   Assistant professor, General Surgery, Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560001, India., Yamakanamardi Soundarya , G Nikhil Naithottu ,   Postgraduate, General Surgery, Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560001, India., Kempraj T ,   Professor, General Surgery, Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560001, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In females breast cancer is the second most common cancer in India with an incidence of 25.8 per 1,00,000 individuals. Most of the patients present with breast lump. Many due to lack of awareness present very late with advanced stage. Hence it is very important to diagnose the condition early with a proper screening modality. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 women presenting with breast lump. All patients underwent mammography followed by histopathological assessment of the lump. Results: Irregular shape with ill defined borders on mammography was found to be significant marker of malignancy. Calcification in malignancy was 55.22 times more common than benign. The sensitivity of mammography was 84.62% and specificity of 80% with diagnostic accuracy of 83%. Conclusion: Mammography was found to be a reliable modality in diagnosing breast malignancy and hence concluding that it can be used as a diagnostic tool in breast lumps.
A Comparative Study of Hyperbilirubinemia in Predicting Appendicitis and its Complications
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Sridevi Institute of Medical sciences and Research Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka 572106, India., L Chethan
Published: January 2024

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency in young adults. Diagnosis of Appendicitis still remains a dilemma in spite of the advances in various laboratory and radiological investigations. Importance of hyperbilirubinemia or elevated Serum Bilirubin and its association in acute appendicitis and its complication as been postulated recently. The present study was undertaken to assess relationship between hyperbilirubinemia in predicting appendicitis and its complication. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, SIMS & RH ,Tumkur during the period of August 2019 to August 2020. A total of 100 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis or Appendicular perforation were studied. The serum bilirubin and LFTs were carried out in all the patients. Results: In this study, males (56%) outnumbered females (44%). Of the 100 patients, 91% were diagnosed as acute appendicitis clinically while 9% were diagnosed with Appendicular perforation. Postoperatively 82% were confirmed as acute appendicitis while 18% were diagnosed with Appendicular perforation. Of 82 patients with acute appendicitis, 74.39% had raised bilirubin levels, while 25.6% had normal levels. 18 patients were diagnosed as Appendicular perforation, 15 patients (83.33%) had raised bilirubin levels, while the remaining 03 patients (16.66%) had normal levels. Conclusion: The Sensitivity and Specificity of serum bilirubin as a marker in predicting acute appendicitis and Appendicular perforation was 74.39% and 83.33% respectively.Serum bilirubin levels appears to be a promising new laboratory marker for diagnosing acute appendicitis, however diagnosis of appendicitis is essentially still - clinical. Patients with clinical signs and symptoms of appendicitis and with hyperbilirubinemia double the normal range (Raise in Direct Bilirubin being still higher) should be identified as having a higher probability of Appendicular perforation suggesting, serum bilirubin levels have a predictive potential for the diagnosis of Appendicular perforation.