bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhythms and Background (RnB): The Spectroscopy of Sleep Recordings
Authors: Dubé J. , Foti M. , Jaffard S. , Latreille V. , Frauscher B. , Carrier J. , Lina J.M.
Published: October 2024

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is characterized by the interaction of multiple coupled oscillations essential for various functions such as memory consolidation, alongside a pervasive and dynamic arrhythmic 1/f scale-free background that may also contribute to these functions. Although recent spectral parametrization methods such as FOOOF (Fitting-One-and-Over-f) allowed to dissociate rhythmic and arrhythmic components in the spectral domain, they fail to resolve these processes in the time domain, where instantaneous measures of frequency, amplitude, and phase-amplitude coupling are still confounded by arrhythmic activity. This limitation represents a significant pitfall for studies of NREM sleep, which often rely on phase-based analyses of specific oscillations. To address this limitation, we introduce ‘Rhythms & Background’ (RnB), a novel wavelet-based methodology designed to dynamically denoise time-series data by correcting for arrhythmic interference. This enables the extraction of a purely rhythmic time-series suitable for enhanced time-domain analyses of sleep rhythms. We first validate RnB through simulations, demonstrating its robust performance in accurately estimating spectral profiles of individual and multiple oscillations across a range of arrhythmic conditions. We then apply RnB to publicly available intracranial EEG sleep recordings, showing that it provides an improved spectral and time-domain representation of hallmark NREM rhythms. Finally, we demonstrate that RnB significantly enhances the assessment of phase-amplitude coupling between cardinal NREM oscillations, outperforming traditional methods that conflate rhythmic and arrhythmic components. This methodological advance offers a substantial improvement in the analysis of sleep oscillations, providing greater precision in the study of rhythmic activity critical to NREM sleep functions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

The Rhythms and Background (RnB) algorithm introduces a novel approach to signal processing in electrophysiology by isolating rhythmic activity from the arrhythmic background at the time-series level. Unlike existing spectral decomposition methods, RnB enables more precise analysis of brain rhythms in both the time and spectral domains, providing clearer insights into cerebral oscillatory processes. This breakthrough has direct applications in studying brain connectivity and oscillation dynamics during sleep. Additionally, its application in clinical populations where pathological changes in arrhythmic activity are common, such as neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, will help to better understand abnormal oscillatory processes. By improving the accuracy of rhythmic signal analysis, RnB opens new avenues for understanding brain function and dysfunction in research and clinical settings.
Prostate-specific membrane receptor PPAP facilitatesE. coliinvasion of luminal prostate cells via FimH binding
Authors: Guedes Maria , Joshi Amruta , Dorn Sina , Peters Simon , Beste Tristan , Leipold Alexander M , Rosenfeldt Mathias , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Dobrindt Ulrich , Kalogirou Charis , Aguilar Carmen
Published: October 2024

Bacterial prostatitis caused by uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) strains is a highly prevalent and recurrent infection responsible for significant morbidity in men. However, the molecular pathogenesis of prostatitis remains poorly understood, partly due to the lack of comprehensivein-vitromodels. In this study, we introduce a murine prostate organoid model that replicates the cellular heterogeneity of the prostate epithelium with a cell composition and transcriptional signature comparable to the native prostate tissue. Using this model, we uncovered that UPEC preferentially attaches to, invades, and replicates within luminal prostate cells. This selective interaction is mediated by the binding of the bacterial adhesin FimH to the prostate- specific membrane protein PAPP, which is exclusively expressed on luminal prostate cells. Altogether, we identified a new mechanism by which UPEC infects the prostate epithelium, highlighting FimH’s adaptability in engaging host receptors and its potential for targeted therapeutic strategies.
Effect of digital noise-reduction processing on subcortical speech encoding and relationship to behavioral outcomes
Authors: Kim Subong , Schroeder Mary , Bharadwaj Hari M.
Published: October 2024

Perceptual benefits from digital noise reduction (NR) vary among individuals with different noise tolerance and sensitivity to distortions introduced in NR-processed speech; however, the physiological bases of the variance are understudied. Here, we developed objective measures of speech encoding in the ascending pathway as candidate measures of individual noise tolerance and sensitivity to NR-processed speech using the brainstem responses to speech syllable /da/. The speech-evoked brainstem response was found to be sensitive to the addition of noise and NR processing. The NR effects on the consonant and vowel portion of the responses were robustly quantified using response-to-response correlation metrics and spectral amplitude ratios, respectively. Further, the f0 amplitude ratios between conditions correlated with behavioral accuracy with NR. These findings suggest that investigating the NR effects on bottom-up speech encoding using brainstem measures is feasible and that individual subcortical encoding of NR-processed speech may relate to individual behavioral outcomes with NR.
Foxn3 is part of a transcriptional network that regulates cilia genes in the developing mouse retina
Authors: Zhang Huanqing , Meng Fan , Turner David L
Published: October 2024

The forkhead transcription factor Foxn3 is a transcriptional repressor. Analysis of embryonic retinas from mice with a targeted disruption of the Foxn3 gene revealed upregulation of numerous genes linked to cilia structure or assembly. Foxj1, a forkhead transcription factor required for motile cilia, was upregulated, along with multiple target genes of Foxj1. Primary cilia in the developing retina showed structural changes in the absence of Foxn3. CUT&RUN analysis revealed that many of the upregulated genes were bound by the Foxn3 protein and also by the Rfx3 transcription factor. The Foxn3 protein forms a complex with the Rfx3 protein, and a short protein motif shared by Foxj1, Foxn4, and Foxn3 is required for complex formation with Rfx3. The same shared motif is required for transcriptional repression by Foxn3, as well as for full transcriptional activation by Foxn4 with Rfx3. These results reveal a new layer of transcriptional regulation of genes required for cilia and show that Foxn3 prevents inappropriate expression of cilia genes in the developing retina.
Conserved yet Divergent Smc5/6 Complex Degradation by Mammalian Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
Authors: Shofa Maya , Fukushima Yuri V , Saito Akatsuki
Published: October 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), belonging to the genusOrthohepadnavirus, can cause chronic hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma in humans. HBV ensures optimal replication by encoding X, a multifunctional protein responsible for degrading the structural maintenance of the chromosome (Smc) 5/6 complex, an anti-HBV factor in hepatocytes. Previous studies suggest that the degradation activity of the Smc5/6 complex is conserved among viruses from the genusOrthohepadnavirus. Recently, a novel hepadnavirus in cats, domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) or DCH B virus (DCHBV), has been identified to be genetically close to HBV. However, it remains unclear whether the DCHBV X protein possesses a similar Smc5/6 complex–degrading activity.

Here, we investigated the degradation activity of the Smc5/6 complex by X of the viruses of the genusOrthohepadnavirus, including DCHBV, in cells derived from primates and cats. We found that the DCHBV X protein degraded Smc6 in the cells of several host species, and the degree of its anti-Smc5/6 activity differed depending on the host species. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the DCHBV X protein degraded Smc6 independently of DNA-binding protein 1 (DDB1), which is a critical host factor for HBV X–mediated Smc6 degradation. Our findings highlight the conserved yet divergent degradation machinery of the Smc5/6 complex of mammalian hepatitis B virus X proteins.

Importance

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic hepatitis and liver cancer in humans. HBV mainly acts by degrading the Smc5/6 complex, a defense mechanism in liver cells that restricts viral replication. Smc5/6 degradation, mediated by the HBV protein X, is conserved across the viruses in the same genus. However, it remains unclear whether the novel domestic cat HBV (DCHBV) exhibits similar capabilities.

Here, we compared Smc5/6 degradation by the X proteins of various HBVs, including DCHBV, in different primate and feline cells. The DCHBV X protein could degrade Smc6 in various host cells at different levels. Notably, DCHBV X could degrade Smc6 without requiring DDB1, a host factor essential for HBV X–mediated Smc6 degradation. These findings highlight the conserved yet distinct strategies employed by mammalian HBVs to evade the host Smc5/6 system, expanding our understanding of viral adaptation and persistence across species.
Genetic and functional adaptations and alcohol-biased signaling in the mediodorsal thalamus of alcohol dependent mice
Authors: Martin Jayden C. , Reeves Kaitlin C. , Carter Kathryn A. , Davis Matthew , Schneider Amelia , Meade Ellie , Lebonville Christina L. , Nimitvilai Sudarat , Hoffman Michaela , Woodward John J. , Mulholland Patrick J. , Rinker Jennifer A.
Published: October 2024

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a significant health concern characterized by an individual’s inability to control alcohol intake. With alcohol misuse increasing and abstinence rates declining, leading to severe social and health consequences, it is crucial to uncover effective treatment strategies for AUD by focusing on understanding neuroadaptations and cellular mechanisms. The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is a brain region essential for cognitive functioning and reward-guided choices. However, the effects of alcohol (ethanol) dependence on MD neuroadaptations and how dependence alters MD activity during choice behaviors for alcohol and a natural reward (sucrose) are not well understood. Adult C57BL/6J mice treated with chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure were used to assess genetic and functional adaptations in the MD. Fiber photometry-based recordings of GCaMP6f expressed in the MD of C57BL/6J mice were acquired to investigate in vivo neural adaptations during choice drinking sessions for alcohol (15%) and either water or sucrose (3%). There were time-dependent changes in cFos and transcript expression during acute withdrawal and early abstinence. Differentially expressed genes were identified in control mice across different circadian time points and when comparing control and alcohol dependent mice. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the alcohol-sensitive genes revealed disruption of genes that control glial function, axonal myelination, and protein binding. CIE exposure also increased evoked firing in MD cells at 72 hours of withdrawal. In alcohol-dependent male and female mice that show increased alcohol drinking and preference for alcohol over water, we observed an increase in alcohol intake and preference for alcohol when mice were given a choice between alcohol and sucrose. Fiber photometry recordings demonstrated that MD activity is elevated during and after licking bouts for alcohol, water, and sucrose, and the signal for alcohol is significantly higher than that for water or sucrose during drinking. The elevated signal during alcohol bouts persisted in alcohol dependent mice. These findings demonstrate that CIE causes genetic and functional neuroadaptations in the MD and that alcohol dependence enhances alcohol-biased behaviors, with the MD uniquely responsive to alcohol, even in dependent mice.
Neuroligin 3 highlights sexually dimorphic circuitry in Drosophila social spacing
Authors: Robinson JW , Bechard AT , Evans MR , Mosuro K , Isaacson JR , Pillay S , Lin DS , Sahota A , de Belle JN , Robinson GI , Simon AF
Published: October 2024

InDrosophila melanogaster, the autism-related Neuroligin 3 (Nlg3) protein is a postsynaptic membrane protein important for synapse development and regulation, which plays a role in social spacing behaviour. Here, we report the localization of Nlg3 to the calyx of the mushroom bodies (MB), optic lobes (OL), and protocerebral bridge (PB). Using RNA interference,nlg3knockdown in the OL increased fly social space, especially in the males, while knocking downnlg3independently in the MB or the PB did not change social spacing. However, hyperactivation and silencing of these neurons in the MB, but not the PB, controls social space in males and females, while hyperactivating and silencing of allnlg3-expressing neurons, including within the MB, PB, and OL, regulates male and female social space. Knocking down neurotransmitter biosynthesis enzymes, which decreases the amount of neurotransmitter release, showed that reducing acetylcholine release from the MB decreased female social space, whereas knocking down any dopamine receptor in the MB increased male social space. Lastly, to investigate the sexually dimorphic effects on social spacing previously seen innlg3mutants, we examined a subset of sexually dimorphicfruitless-expressing (fru)P1neurons known to regulate sexually dimorphic behaviours. Hyperactivation of thosefruP1neurons decreased social space in both sexes, while silencing thosefruP1neurons specifically increased male social space without affecting females. Our findings highlight a sex-specific social space neural circuitry that includes the OL, MB, andfruP1neurons, while uncovering the underlying basis of some of the sex differences in this behaviour.

Article Summary

In vinegar flies (Drosophila melanogaster), the autism-related Neuroligin 3 protein (Nlg3) controls neuronal development and regulation, but also affects fly social behaviour. Nlg3 is localized to the mushroom bodies (MB), protocerebral bridge, and the optic lobes. Genetically reducing Nlg3 in the optic lobes made male flies more socially distant, while hyperactivating or silencing neurons in the MB affected social behavior in both sexes. Reducing acetylcholine release from the MB affects female social space, while reducing dopamine receptors of the MB only affect male behaviour. Finally, thefruitlesssexually dimorphic neurons control social behavior differently in males and females.
Pervasive fitness trade-offs revealed by rapid adaptation in large experimental populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bitter M.C. , Greenblum S. , Rajpurohit S. , Bergland A.O. , Hemker J.A. , Betancourt N.J. , Tilk S. , Berardi S. , Oken H. , Schmidt P. , Petrov D.A.
Published: October 2024

Life-history trade-offs are an inherent feature of organismal biology that evolutionary theory posits play a key role in patterns of divergence within and between species. Efforts to quantify trade-offs are largely confined to phenotypic measurements and the identification of negative genetic-correlations among fitness-relevant traits. Here, we use time-series genomic data collected during experimental evolution in large, genetically diverse populations ofDrosophila melanogasterto directly measure the manifestation of trade-offs in response to temporally fluctuating selection pressures on ecological timescales. Specifically, we quantify the genome-wide signal of antagonistic pleiotropy suggestive of trade-offs between reproduction and stress tolerance. We further identify a putative role of two cosmopolitan inversions in these trade-offs, and show that loci responding to selection during lab-based, reproduction selection exhibit signals of fluctuating selection in an outdoor mesocosm exposed to natural environmental conditions. Our results demonstrate the utility of time-series genomic data in revealing the presence and genomic architecture underlying fitness trade-offs, and add credence to models positing a role of generic life history trade-offs in the maintenance of variation in natural populations.
Quantitative design of cell type-specific mRNA stability from microRNA expression data
Authors: Oesinghaus Lukas , Castillo-Hair Sebastian , Ludwig Nicole , Keller Andreas , Seelig Georg
Published: October 2024

Limiting expression to target cell types is a longstanding goal in gene therapy, which could be met by sensing endogenous microRNA. However, an unclear association between microRNA expression and activity currently hampers such an approach. Here, we probe this relationship by measuring the stability of synthetic microRNA-responsive 3’UTRs across 10 cell lines in a library format. By systematically addressing biases in microRNA expression data and confounding factors such as microRNA crosstalk, we demonstrate that a straightforward model can quantitatively predict reporter stability purely from expression data. We use this model to design constructs with previously unattainable response patterns across our cell lines. The rules we derive for microRNA expression data selection and processing should apply to microRNA- responsive devices for any environment with available expression data.
Lepton-flavor violation in the left-right supersymmetric standard model
Authors: Huang Yong-Kang , Yang Jin-Lei , Cui Sheng-Kai , Feng Tai-Fu
Published: October 2024

In the standard model, the charged lepton-flavor violation (CLFV) processes are forbidden, so the observation of CLFV represents a clear signal of new physics that goes beyond the standard model. In this work, we focus on the CLFV processes lj−→li−γ and lj−→li−li−li+ in the left-right supersymmetric standard model (LRSSM). Considering the constraints of the updated experimental data, the numerical results show that the new contributions of SU(2)R gauge interaction and a large number of other new particles, such as the Z′ boson and double-charged Higgs bosons in LRSSM can make significant contributions to the CLFV processes lj−→li−γ and

l

j

−

→

l

i

−

l

i

−

l

i

+

, which is much different from the ones predicted in other supersymmetry models. This work provides a theoretical base for finding the lepton-flavor violation phenomena in new physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Design and evaluation of a questionnaire to assess learners’ understanding of quantum measurement in different two-state contexts: The context matters
Authors: Bitzenbauer Philipp , Faletič Sergej , Michelini Marisa , Tóth Kristóf , Pospiech Gesche
Published: October 2024

The teaching and learning of quantum physics has recently become a topic of increasing interest in physics education research. In particular, the study of two-state systems is gaining importance as a means of teaching quantum physics at various educational levels. Meanwhile, a number of approaches have been developed that are also suitable for high school students. It can be assumed that the different approaches have different degrees of effectiveness in teaching central quantum concepts. However, suitable evaluation instruments to test this are still lacking. Therefore, as a first step, a short questionnaire on quantum measurement, suitable for both research and classroom use, was developed in several steps. First, a questionnaire with open and closed items was created and piloted with a total of N=120 learners. The responses were evaluated qualitatively using a comprehensive coding manual, which provided insights into learners’ conceptions. These results led to the development of an eight-item questionnaire that could be adapted to different teaching approaches. This questionnaire was subjected to expert review and, finally, successfully tested for its psychometric properties with a sample of N=201 learners. Overall, our results provide initial empirical evidence that context (i.e., which two-state approach is used) does matter for student learning, but in general, two-state approaches appear to be particularly conducive to learning quantum concepts (specified in this article for quantum measurement) compared to traditional instruction.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mirror symmetry breaking of superradiance in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Seo Bojeong , Huang Mingchen , Chen Ziting , Parit Mithilesh K. , He Yifei , Chen Peng , Jo Gyu-Boong
Published: October 2024

Dicke superradiance occurs when two or more emitters cooperatively interact via the electromagnetic field. This collective light-scattering process has been extensively studied across various platforms, from atoms to quantum dots and organic molecules. Despite extensive research, the precise role of direct interactions between emitters in superradiance remains elusive, particularly in many-body systems where the complexity of interactions poses significant challenges. In this study, we investigate the effect of dipole-dipole interaction between 18 000 atoms in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) on the superradiance process. In dipolar BECs, we simplify the complex effect of anisotropic magnetic dipole-dipole interaction with Bogoliubov transformation. We observe that anisotropic Bogoliubov excitation breaks the mirror symmetry in decay modes of superradiance.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mapping domain structures near a grain boundary in a lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric film using X-ray nanodiffraction
Authors: Udovenko Stanislav , Son Yeongwoo , Tipsawat Pannawit , Knox Reilly J. , Hruszkewycz Stephan O. , Yan Hanfei , Huang Xiaojing , Pattammattel Ajith , Zajac Marc , Cha Wonsuk , Pagan Darren C. , Trolier-McKinstry Susan
Published: October 2024

The effect of an electric field on local domain structure near a 24° tilt grain boundary in a 200 nm-thick Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 bi-crystal ferroelectric film was probed using synchrotron nanodiffraction. The bi-crystal film was grown epitaxially on SrRuO3-coated (001) SrTiO3 24° tilt bi-crystal substrates. From the nanodiffraction data, real-space maps of the ferroelectric domain structure around the grain boundary prior to and during application of a 200 kV cm−1 electric field were reconstructed. In the vicinity of the tilt grain boundary, the distributions of densities of c-type tetragonal domains with the c axis aligned with the film normal were calculated on the basis of diffracted intensity ratios of c- and a-type domains and reference powder diffraction data. Diffracted intensity was averaged along the grain boundary, and it was shown that the density of c-type tetragonal domains dropped to ∼50% of that of the bulk of the film over a range ±150 nm from the grain boundary. This work complements previous results acquired by band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy, suggesting that reduced nonlinear piezoelectric response around grain boundaries may be related to the change in domain structure, as well as to the possibility of increased pinning of domain wall motion. The implications of the results and analysis in terms of understanding the role of grain boundaries in affecting the nonlinear piezoelectric and dielectric responses of ferroelectric materials are discussed.
A micro-beamstop with transmission detection by fluorescence for scanning-beam synchrotron scattering beamlines
Authors: Birkedal Henrik , Sztucki Michael , Stammer Moritz , Sadetskaia Anastasiia , Burghammer Manfred C. , Grünewald Tilman A.
Published: October 2024

Quantitative X-ray diffraction approaches require careful correction for sample transmission. Though this is a routine task at state-of-the-art small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) or diffraction beamlines at synchrotron facilities, the transmission signal cannot be recorded concurrently with SAXS/WAXS when using the small, sub-millimetre beamstops at many X-ray nanoprobes during SAXS/WAXS experiments due to the divergence-limited size of the beamstop and the generally tight geometry. This is detrimental to the data quality and often the only solution is to re-scan the sample with a PIN photodiode as a detector to obtain transmission values. In this manuscript, we present a simple yet effective solution to this problem in the form of a small beamstop with an inlaid metal target for optimal fluorescence yield. This fluorescence can be detected with a high-sensitivity avalanche photodiode and provides a linear counter to determine the sample transmission.
Are you still willing to use pre-made dishes? Examining young customers' continuous usage intention in the Chinese emerging market
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Jianing , Liu Chunmei
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study empirically examined four value attributes (e.g. conditional value, functional value, epistemic value and price consciousness) influencing young customers’ attitudes, word-of-mouth (WOM) and continuous usage intentions. Subjective norm was positioned as the moderator, while WOM was identified as the mediator.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected data from 252 Chinese young customers using purposive sampling technique and utilized PLS-SEM to examine the interrelationships among variables.

Findings

The findings confirmed that the four value attributes (i.e. conditional value, functional value, epistemic value and price consciousness) significantly influence young consumers' attitudes toward pre-made dishes (PMDs). Additionally, attitudes and WOM positively influence continuous usage intention, with WOM acting as a mediator between attitudes and continuous usage intentions. Furthermore, subjective norm partially moderates the value-attitude-behavior (VAB) model.

Practical implications

PMDs manufacturers should take into account the consumption values and price consciousness of young customers when developing marketing campaigns. Subjective norm and WOM continue to be key factors in enhancing continuous intention.

Originality/value

This study expands the applicability of the VAB model, the theory of consumption value (TCV), and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), enriching the literature on PMDs by examining four value attributes and moderating factors influencing continuous usage intention.
Do audit committees impact corporate social responsibility? A review of empirical quantitative research and research opportunities
Authors: Velte Patrick
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether audit committees (ACs) influence corporate social responsibility (CSR) outputs.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured literature review of 57 archival studies on the influence of ACs on CSR outputs was conducted. According to a stakeholder–agency theoretical framework, the AC variables were structured as follows: presence, composition and resources, incentives and diligence. CSR is mainly divided into CSR performance, CSR reporting and CSR assurance.

Findings

Previous studies have mainly focused on AC composition and CSR reporting. There are indications that AC composition and CSR performance and assurance are positively linked. Moreover, AC resources, incentives and diligence increase CSR reporting.

Research limitations/implications

This study stresses the need for linking AC composition with sustainability, the inclusion of moderator and especially mediator variables and addressing endogeneity concerns via advanced regression models.

Originality/value

This paper reports the first literature review on the interaction between AC and CSR. It presents the main variables that have been included in previous studies, the limitations of these studies and useful recommendations for future research, business practice and regulators.
Numerical investigation of two-dimensional fractional Helmholtz equation using Aboodh transform scheme
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Sharaf Mohamed , Mahamad Saipunidzam
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present a numerical investigation for two-dimensional fractional Helmholtz equation using the Aboodh integral homotopy perturbation transform scheme (AIHPTS).

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed scheme combines the Aboodh integral transform and the homotopy perturbation scheme (HPS). This strategy is based on an updated form of Taylor’s series that yields a convergent series solution. This study analyzes the fractional derivatives in the context of Caputo.

Findings

This study illustrates two numerical examples and calculates their approximate results using AIHPTS. The derived findings are also presented in tabular form and graphical representations.

Research limitations/implications

In addition, He’s polynomials are calculated using HPS, so the minimal computational outcome is a defining feature of this method and gives a competitive advantage over other series solution techniques.

Originality/value

Numerical data and graphical illustrations for different fractional order levels confirm the proposed method’s successful performance. The results show that the proposed approach is speedy and straightforward to execute on fractional-ordered models.
A method for recognizing abnormal behaviors of personnel at petroleum stations based on GTB-ResNet
Authors: Yu Huiling , Dai Sijia , Shi Shen , Zhang Yizhuo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The abnormal behaviors of staff at petroleum stations pose significant safety hazards. Addressing the challenges of high parameter counts, lengthy training periods and low recognition rates in existing 3D ResNet behavior recognition models, this paper proposes GTB-ResNet, a network designed to detect abnormal behaviors in petroleum station staff.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, to mitigate the issues of excessive parameters and computational complexity in 3D ResNet, a lightweight residual convolution module called the Ghost residual module (GhostNet) is introduced in the feature extraction network. Ghost convolution replaces standard convolution, reducing model parameters while preserving multi-scale feature extraction capabilities. Secondly, to enhance the model's focus on salient features amidst wide surveillance ranges and small target objects, the triplet attention mechanism module is integrated to facilitate spatial and channel information interaction. Lastly, to address the challenge of short time-series features leading to misjudgments in similar actions, a bidirectional gated recurrent network is added to the feature extraction backbone network. This ensures the extraction of key long time-series features, thereby improving feature extraction accuracy.

Findings

The experimental setup encompasses four behavior types: illegal phone answering, smoking, falling (abnormal) and touching the face (normal), comprising a total of 892 videos. Experimental results showcase GTB-ResNet achieving a recognition accuracy of 96.7% with a model parameter count of 4.46 M and a computational complexity of 3.898 G. This represents a 4.4% improvement over 3D ResNet, with reductions of 90.4% in parameters and 61.5% in computational complexity.

Originality/value

Specifically designed for edge devices in oil stations, the 3D ResNet network is tailored for real-time action prediction. To address the challenges posed by the large number of parameters in 3D ResNet networks and the difficulties in deployment on edge devices, a lightweight residual module based on ghost convolution is developed. Additionally, to tackle the issue of low detection accuracy of behaviors amidst the noisy environment of petroleum stations, a triple attention mechanism is introduced during feature extraction to enhance focus on salient features. Moreover, to overcome the potential for misjudgments arising from the similarity of actions, a Bi-GRU model is introduced to enhance the extraction of key long-term features.
A qualitative study exploring teenagers and their parents’ ethical judgments toward influencers as brand ambassadors
Authors: Feijoo Beatriz , Sádaba Charo , Zozaya-Durazo Luisa , Vanwesenbeeck Ini
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is exploring teenagers’ (aged 11–17) and their parents’ reflections and insights regarding influencer marketing on social media, with a particular focus on advertising literacy and associated ethical perspectives. It examines the impact of influencer marketing on teenagers’ decision-making processes and emphasizes the importance of influencers clearly indicating their advertising collaborations. The study delves into the ethical aspects of advertising literacy, highlighting the significant role that transparent signaling of commercial collaborations plays.

Design/methodology/approach

The research involved conducting 40 interviews with both teenagers and one of their parents.

Findings

The study highlights a divergence in perspectives between teenagers and their parents regarding influencer marketing. While parents emphasized the importance of influencers clearly disclosing the commercial nature of sponsored content, teenagers did not see this as necessary. Additionally, the study found that parents often overlooked the ethical implications of honesty in influencer marketing discussions.

Originality/value

These findings underscore the importance of further exploring the complexities surrounding influencer marketing dynamics and the crucial role that parents can play in promoting ethical advertising literacy among teenagers.
How entrepreneurial orientation improves new-venture performance: the mediating role of innovation ambidexterity
Authors: Singh Shiwangi , Singh Mamta
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine various facets of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), including innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking. It investigates their linkage to the performance of new ventures. It further analyzes the mediating role of innovation ambidexterity.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a judgmental sampling technique to gather data from 342 new ventures. The analysis is conducted using PLS-SEM to predict the potential consequences of EO on new venture performance (NVP) through ambidextrous innovation.

Findings

The results show that innovation ambidexterity mediates between EO and NVP. New ventures should explore new opportunities for long-term growth while exploiting the existing opportunities for short-term growth and survival.

Originality/value

The research focuses on interpreting how different EO components are related to innovation ambidexterity. It also investigates what role of innovation ambidexterity plays as a mediator in the correlation of EO–NVP. It expands the current discussion on EO–venture performance plus innovation ambidexterity considering new ventures in emerging economies.
Academic libraries readiness in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: a comparative study between Ghana and South Africa
Authors: Darko Adjei Noah , King Lizette
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study compares the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) preparedness of two advanced academic libraries each in Ghana and South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The study utilized a conceptual framework that emanated from the Socio-Technical Theory (STT) and Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) models. Employing convergent parallel mixed methods, including questionnaires and interviews, 167 respondents, comprising librarians, IT staff and directors, shared insights on challenges faced by academic libraries in adapting to 4IR.

Findings

Findings highlight a deficiency in Lib 4.0 skills crucial for survival in the 4IR, with South Africa showing better readiness. Both countries lack Lib 4.0 policies and face budget constraints, inadequate ICT infrastructure and limited support. The findings underscore the impact of relevant training on staff embracing Lib 4.0 technologies.

Originality/value

The study then proposes a comprehensive model, highlighting the significance of librarians adopting a growth mindset and priori V Btizing continuous learning, relearning, reskilling and upskilling to effectively navigate the complexities posed by the 4IR.
Got milk? Got cybersecurity risks! Unraveling ransomware threats in the German dairy industry
Authors: Anton Eduard , Aptyka Helena , Teuteberg Frank
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the vulnerabilities of the dairy industry to ransomware threats, focusing particularly on the upstream supply chain and applying routine activity theory (RAT) to understand the evolving dynamics of cybercrime in critical infrastructure sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing expert interviews and network analysis, this research investigates the exploitation of complex supply chain vulnerabilities by motivated offenders. It delves into the intricate interplay between digital threats and physical supply continuity.

Findings

The study uncovers that ransomware threats transcend digital boundaries, manifesting in disruptions to physical operations and presenting significant risks to food security. It underscores the threat posed by the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), emphasizing the urgent need for heightened awareness and robust defenses against this substantial menace.

Practical implications

Addressing cyber vulnerabilities in critical sectors like dairy ensures not only the security of operations but also safeguards broader societal interests such as food security. Collaboration and proactive measures are essential to mitigate potential social and economic disruptions caused by cyber incidents.

Originality/value

This research fills a knowledge gap by shedding light on the nexus between cyber threats and supply chain resilience. It emphasizes the need for industries to adapt traditional defense mechanisms in the face of sophisticated digital adversaries.
Social embeddedness and organisational justice in a UK police force
Authors: Goldrosen Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe police officers’ workplace social networks and to examine how police officers’ social ties, in combination with organisational climate, affect their attitudes towards and willingness to report misconduct.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered from a vignette survey of 86 response police officers in an English county police force. Officers’ attitudes towards misconduct and likelihood of reporting were analysed using multivariable regression models.

Findings

Descriptively, most officers have a small social network within the force, and police comprise about one-third of their total social networks. Officers were generally highly disapproving of misconduct and expressed they would challenge their peers in most scenarios, though reporting misconduct was somewhat less likely. Perceived peer disapproval of misconduct is a strong predictor of officers’ disapproval of misconduct and expressed likelihood of reporting misconduct. Organisational justice and social embeddedness were not usually associated with the challenging and reporting of misconduct.

Originality/value

This study is one of only a handful to report information on police officers’ friendship networks in the workplace, and these results show that peer influence remains an important vector for police management to use in promoting prosocial police culture and preventing misconduct.
Leveraging the cultural intelligence of sport employees in the globalized sports industry
Authors: Doh Paul Yuseung , Kim Minjung , Nite Calvin
Published: October 2024

Purpose

In the contemporary globalized sports industry, it is crucial for sport employees to cultivate an essential capability – cultural intelligence (CQ) – to excel in culturally diverse sport environments. The purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework of sport employees' CQ for enhancing management practices in sport organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

By conducting a thorough literature review of relevant business and sport management literature, this research offers a synopsis of CQ and advocates for the advancement of a developed conceptual framework for sport employees' CQ (CQ-SE).

Findings

The conceptual framework of CQ-SE is proposed to facilitate employees’ effective integration into diverse environments within sport organizations. This framework identifies predictors that enhance sport employees’ CQ, moderating factors to provide deeper insights into these relationships and outcomes at individual, group and organizational levels. We additionally elaborate on the anticipated benefits for stakeholders, given the services provided by sport practitioners.

Originality/value

This study is one of the initial endeavors to conceptualize the concept of CQ for sport employees. This study contributes to the literature on sport organizational culture and human resource management by emphasizing the pivotal role of sport employees’ CQ in promoting greater inclusivity in sport organizations. We encourage sport management researchers to explore the application of CQ in sport contexts and empirically test the relationships proposed in this framework.
The quest for social justice amid war: exploring the role of civil society resilience in Ukraine’s social justice and cohesion
Authors: Reis João Carlos Gonçalves dos
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine has inflicted catastrophic consequences, profoundly impacting Ukrainian sustainability across the environment, society and economic dimensions. Despite these challenges, Ukraine’s civilian population has displayed remarkable resilience, emerging as a persistent stronghold amid the turbulence of conflict. In this study, the author has explored the key role of civil society in strengthening resilience and social justice during wartime.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a qualitative multi-method research design, combining a systematic literature review (SLR) and a single case study to understand and describe the phenomenon. The SLR provided a replicable, scientific and transparent conceptual framework, which the case study empirically validated and enriched. Additionally, the Delphi method gathered relevant insights from academic experts and Ukrainian nationals residing in the EU, enhancing this research.

Findings

This research revealed complex social dynamics and community resilience, highlighting various resilience-building efforts undertaken by voluntary organizations and emerging Ukrainian movements. The findings highlight civil society’s pivotal role in promoting resilience and addressing adversity to enhance social justice and unity in Ukraine. Specific contributions include countering disinformation, providing psychosocial support and mobilizing community efforts. Furthermore, the paper identified six key steps that epitomize societal resilience and formulated a conceptual model based on these steps.

Originality/value

This research offers a comprehensive and practical analysis of grassroots organizations’ efforts to sustain social resilience and unity amid war. It builds upon previous studies, extending their scope by providing empirical validation and offering new insights into civil society’s contributions to Ukraine’s defense and social cohesion. The study also explores the obstacles faced by civil society and the implications for Ukraine’s future sustainability and social cohesion.
Native woody species depend on the soil microbiome to establish on burned soils, while non‐native do not
Authors: Escobedo Víctor M. , Acuña‐Rodríguez Ian S. , García Leidy Y. , Torres‐Díaz Cristian , Atala Cristian , Suazo Manuel J. , Gómez‐González Susana , Newsham Kevin K. , Molina‐Montenegro Marco A.
Published: October 2024

Wildfires are important natural disturbances with profound ecological impacts. However, our understanding of how to restore plant–soil microbiome interactions following wildfires remains limited, revealing a key knowledge gap in post‐wildfire ecosystem restoration.

To assess the restoration of plant‐microbiome interactions in fire‐affected ecosystems, we conducted greenhouse experiments simulating wildfire effects on soil collected from Maulino Coastal Forest of central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot. We measured the plant height and photosynthesis over 90 days, and two‐year survival probability, of three common native (Aristotelia chilensis, Nothofagus glauca and N. alessandrii) and three non‐native species (Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus radiata and Genista monspessulana) planted in three soils (unburned, burned and burned soil inoculated with the native microbiome). Available nutrient concentrations (N, P and K) and activities of microbial enzymes (dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase and urease) were also measured over 360 days.

Available nutrient concentrations were consistently higher in burned and burned‐inoculated soils than in unburned soils. Enzyme activities in unburned and burned‐inoculated soils remained higher than in burned soil, indicating that the native microbiome restored microbial enzyme activities.

The increase in height over 90 days was lower in burned soils compared with unburned soils for native species. However, inoculation with the native microbiome mitigated this negative effect, resulting in height increases similar to those in unburned soils. For non‐native species, burning and inoculation had negligible effects on the height increases. Similar patterns were observed for the increase in photosynthetic rate, with native species showing a reduced rate in burned soils, which was offset by microbiome inoculation, while non‐native species were unaffected by both treatments.

Survival probability of native species declined in burned soil, but was the same in burned‐inoculated soil as in unburned soil. That of non‐native species was unaffected by burning or by inoculation with the native microbiome.

Synthesis and applications. Native microbiomes are evidently promising tools to safeguard ecosystem functionality and mitigate species extinction risks arising from climate change and human‐induced wildfires. We advocate integrating microbiomes into future active restoration strategies for fire‐affected ecosystems.
Exploring the relationship between field available water capacity (AWC) and atypical aging (ATA) development in base wines
Authors: Delaiti Simone , Nardin Tiziana , Roman Tomas , Cappello Nicola , Larcher Roberto , Pedò Stefano
Published: October 2024

Hydric stress is a leading cause of atypical aging (ATA) in wine, characterized by unpleasant olfactory notes. The main sensorial and chemical marker of ATA is 2‐aminoacetophenone (AAP). Early detection of ATA before the second fermentation in sparkling wines (SWs) is crucial for producing high‐quality products. Climate change‐induced droughts significantly impact agriculture, including grape farming, particularly in vineyards with shallow soils and reduced available water capacity (AWC). This study examined the relationship between AWC and ATA in base wines (BWs) intended for SW production. Ten vineyards were classified into three AWC categories (low, medium, and high). Hydric stress levels were monitored over two growing seasons to explore their effects on vegeto‐productive behavior and AAP development. During the first vintage, drought conditions led to potentially ATA‐tainted BWs across all AWC classes. The impact varied with AWC, with low‐AWC vineyards experiencing higher stress and producing BWs with elevated AAP levels and vegeto‐productive imbalance. In contrast, the following season had unusual rainfall, resulting in some potentially ATA‐affected BWs, but no significant differences in AAP content or vegeto‐productive balance among the AWC classes were observed. In conclusion, grapevines on low‐AWC soils are at a higher risk of producing faulty BWs, particularly in dry vintages.