bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The promise of metabolomic approaches in toxicological studies
Authors: Ponamarev V. S.
Published: October 2022

Metabolomics as a progressive tool for pharmaco-toxicological research is gradually proving its value in toxicity according to the strategy for making a chronological assessment of new and developing diseases. The aim of the new approaches is to use the most complete statistics to summarize information protocols using food safety protocol approaches, and to reduce the number of cases in biomodeling studies and time. The term "metabolomics" refers to the measurement of small molecules, which are the particular probability of biological systems (cells, tissues, organisms, etc.) at a particular point in time. The main purpose of the review is to give an idea of planning and a number of metabolic studies to use an arsenal of methodological approaches, incl. in arbitration toxicology.

The collection and analysis of scientific publications was carried out according to the recommendation of H. Snyder for writing review articles. In Russian, they are presented in various bibliographic databases (Elibrary, Pubmed, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate)) later publications.

The need for a toxicological assessment of new cases identified highlights metabolomics as the most promising method for testing the safety of pharmaceutical substances. Metabolomic studies have a high potential to detect biomarkers that indicate the toxicity of natural compounds.
Diseño inclusivo para el impacto social en entornos de escasos recursos
Authors: Shaw Cara
Published: October 2022

El desarrollo de una tecnología de asistencia adecuada para ser fabricada y mantenida en el contexto local de un entorno de escasos recursos, requiere principios de diseño y formas de diseño alternativas a las que se utilizan cuando se diseña en, o para, regiones del mundo con más recursos. Este estudio de caso ofrece un relato empírico del diseño de SafariSeat, una silla de ruedas todoterreno que se ha diseñado, probado, fabricado y convertido en una empresa sostenible en África Oriental. La silla de ruedas se desarrolló con la intención de reducir la desigualdad y ayudar a aliviar la pobreza en las comunidades de escasos recursos, mejorando la salud, el bienestar y la participación de los usuarios en la sociedad, a la vez de crear y facilitar puestos de trabajo locales para apoyar a las comunidades. Habiendo desarrollado el SafariSeat con un enfoque de diseño centrado en el ser humano, una mentalidad local y dando prioridad a la usabilidad y la asequibilidad, este estudio de caso se utiliza para reflexionar sobre los principios, las prácticas y los procesos de diseño aplicados. Al mismo tiempo, brinda una visión contextual para otros diseñadores que quieran trabajar de forma similar. El estudio de caso abarca los temas del diseño en un contexto de escasos recursos, el paso del prototipo a la línea de producción, las pruebas con usuarios y la divulgación, los financiadores, el financiamiento y la búsqueda de un equipo local, la mejora del valor del producto y el aumento del impacto.  En este artículo se analizan los desafíos que se plantean al diseñar en un entorno de escasos recursos y se destaca cómo la colaboración y las asociaciones locales pueden ayudar a crear una solución de diseño más sostenible.
Metodología Compass en aulas multigrado de escuelas rurales en Chile
Authors: Alarcón Jimena
Published: October 2022

Las sinergias entre enseñanza y aprendizaje en entornos escolares rurales en Chile, se han centrado en la correlación entre logros cognitivos de los estudiantes y clases expositivas implementadas por los docentes. En esta dinámica, quienes imparten conocimiento tienen un rol activo, mientras que los estudiantes son receptores pasivos. Esta modalidad presenta debilidades para el desarrollo integral de los individuos en etapa formativa, debido a las escasas posibilidades de participación sistemática. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer la percepción de estudiantes y docentes de escuelas primarias rurales, respecto de la integración de la metodología proyectual Compass © de INDEX, en aulas multigrado. El enfoque metodológico contempla la realización de una experiencia que fusiona contenidos de diversas asignaturas y contribuye al trabajo colaborativo basado en proyectos. Los estudiantes idean propuestas para contribuir al mejoramiento de su comunidad, empatizando con el entorno y sus habitantes. Los resultados están basados en valoraciones perceptuales de los participantes y evidencian aspectos positivos derivados de la experiencia proyectual desarrollada. Las conclusiones están referidas al potencial de aprendizaje de la metodología Compass en escuelas rurales con aula multigrado, poniendo en valor el trabajo colaborativo, transversal y acorde a los recursos del territorio.
Diseño positivo durante una pandemia
Authors: Orcun Ezgi , Desmet Pieter M. A.
Published: October 2022

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha provocado una crisis sanitaria mundial con un gran impacto negativo en el bienestar subjetivo de grandes poblaciones. Con el tiempo, se descubrió que las personas, incluidos los grupos no vulnerables, como los adultos jóvenes sanos, entraban en un estado de languidez: ni deprimidos ni florecientes, sino “atrapados en el medio”. Este artículo describe un caso de diseño que tuvo como objetivo contribuir al bienestar de los adultos jóvenes dentro de los límites de las medidas gubernamentales con una intervención de diseño de apoyo al bienestar. Informado por la perspectiva humanista sobre el florecimiento, el diseño se centró en el disfrute experimentado al satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas. El diseño resultante, “Unravel” (desentrañar), es un juego de herramientas que permite al usuario redescubrir cómo incluso las actividades diarias simples (como cocinar) pueden servir como plataforma para explorar y experimentar con la satisfacción de necesidades personales. El caso puede informar a los diseñadores (e investigadores del diseño) con un ejemplo de un enfoque estructurado de diseño que se centra en la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas.
Review: Oral Beads as a Platform for Sustained Drug Delivery
Authors: Yousif Nora Zawar , Mahmood Sura Zuhair
Published: October 2022

Multiparticulate drug delivery systems extend the frontier of pharmaceutical progress future by offering marvellous prospects for designing unique controlled and delayed-release oral preparations. Beads are composed of many distinct units. The preparation of microbeads drug delivery system is one of the alternatives which include neither utilization of harsh chemical nor raised temperature. This presented review gives a special emphasis on beads technology, ionic gelation and modified methodologies for preparation of beads. In general, the ionic gelation method mainly relies on the cross-linking between polyelectrolytes counterions and eventually, hydrogels will be formed. Natural origin polysaccharides biopolymers utilization has been widely augmented especially in controlled \ sustained formulation; accordingly, an eco-friendly pharmaceutical product can be provided. Furthermore, the review shed light on merits, limitations, promising polymers involved in the preparation, recent advances of multiple-unit drug delivery system approach based on Ionotropic gelation method, pharmaceutical application, and several basic evaluation characteristics.
The Role of Integrative Clinical Hypnotherapy Interventions and their Place in Modern Medical and Psychological Treatment: A Review Study
Authors: Menon Sheila , Bhagat Vidya
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Integrative clinical hypnotherapy is an intervention that utilises naturally occurring trance states as the basis for a therapeutic approach that helps patients or clients to overcome their problems in a caring and compassionate way. Purpose: The aim of the current study is to explore the scientific evidence supporting the increased use of compassion and hypnotherapy as an intervention for psychophysiology-related problems. Methodology: This study is a qualitative study, collecting secondary data from the literature in order to provide a descriptive analysis of the evidence supporting the current trend toward the integration of compassion and hypnotherapy as an effective clinical intervention. The study engine proceeded with scoping 50 articles from the previous literature studies using electronic databases such as PubMed, psych-INFO, NCBI, and CINAH from 2010 to 2022 and collected various literature related to the study theme for its investigation. Results and implications: The study provides insights into the benefits of compassionate and integrative hypnotherapy in clinical intervention and intellectualises its current position in terms of scientific parameters and clinical intervention strength. Conclusion: The study brings new insights supporting the scientific evidence of a compassionate and integrative approach to clinical hypnotherapy which offers a newer science-based understanding of the way hypnosis affects the brain and thought processes. The study puts forward models for improved treatment outcomes that address the emotional or cognitive distress which is implacable in clinical intervention.
Towards the Transition to an Empowered and Resilient Leadership of Nursing Professionals
Authors: Moreno-Monsivais María Guadalupe
Published: October 2022

This editorial is oriented to reflect on the need for a transition to an empowered and resilient leadership of nursing professionals as a fundamental axis of strong, competent, and empowered health systems to face epidemiologic, social, economic, political, and cultural challenges from a globalized, complex, and demanding world.
Un/Making Mythos: Cult of Personality and Imaginative Opposition in the Kemalist Republic
Authors: Ozavci Ozan
Published: October 2022

In Turkey the cult(s) of personality and authoritarianism have gone hand in glove since at least the foundation of the republic. Through an in-depth analysis of Ryan Gingeras’s Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Atatürk and Christine Philliou’s Turkey: A Past Against History, this review essay considers the republican origins of one-man rule and opposition to authoritarianism in the Turkish context. It discusses how, and why, the cult of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw the light of the day even when he was still alive. It also questions how the evolving meanings and implications of muhalefet (opposition) could serve not only as a historical fact and analytical tool but also as a normative category in its own right to divert the public’s energy from un/making nationalist mythos into consolidating basic liberal democratic values and economic justice of which Turkey is in dire need today.
Visfatin as a Biomarker for Early Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ruidar Syed Bakht , Mushtaq Mazhar , Raza Syed Ali , Mukhtar Farhana , Rehman Talha , Ning Wang
Published: October 2022

Objective: The current study aims to determine whether an increase in visfatin level resulted in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in pregnant females. Study Design: Retrospective Study Place and Duration: Department of Medicine, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazimabad, Karachi, From November 2021 to April 2022. Methods: In this study, 83 pregnant females aged 18-46 years were inducated. After obtaining informed written consent, detailed demographic data were recorded. Gestational age and gravidity among all females were recorded. Previous history and frequency of GDM were assessed. Blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of visfatin and glucose levels. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: In this study, the mean age was 29.11±8.42 years, and the mean BMI was 26.2±3.32 kg/m2. The mean gestational age was 34.11±4.33 weeks. Most of the cases were from rural areas and had poor socio-economic status. We found that 44 (53.01%) subjects had gestational diabetes mellitus while 39 (46.9%) had no diabetes. The visfatin level in patients with gestational diabetes was higher, 4.2±7.124, compared to non-diabetes cases, 1.4±1.432, with a p-value<0.003. Conclusion: Ultimately, we determined that visfatin levels were considerably elevated in gestational diabetes mellitus beginning in the first trimester of pregnancy. An innovative biomarker for GDM detection is increased visfatin levels during pregnancy. Keywords: Visfatin, Gestational Diabetes, Pregnant Females
Relationship of Glycemic Control with Level of Blood Pressure amongst Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Saeed Ammarah , , Jahanzeb Zunera , Batool Uzma , Kauser Samia , Muhammad Mushtaq , Mahmood Nasir
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Inadequate control of glycemia in type-II diabetic patients is an important community health issue and a risk factor for the progression of problems among diabetic patients. Hypertension is a common disease accompanying diabetes. Among patients with diabetes mellitus; high blood pressure is an important factor involved in poor glycemic control which has not been adequately assessed in Pakistan. Aim: The main goal was to evaluate the glycemic control status in type II diabetic patient depending on the basis of blood pressure levels. Place and Duration: In Medicine Department of Islamic International Hospital and Medical College, Islamabad for the duration of six months from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: 220 adult patients >18 years of age with type-II diabetes mellitus were included. Patients with conditions such as liver cirrhosis, systemic infection, pregnant females, end-stage renal disease and those who were not observing diabetes treatment, counting exercise, dietary restrictions and medication, they were omitted from the anlaysis. By evaluating medical records; the patient’s demographic information was obtained which includes medical history, patient age, clinical history, gender, hypertension and type of DM in addition to the assessment of blood sugar level control. Statistical analysis was performed by using the SPSS 20.0. Results: The patients mean age was 58.10 ± 10.94 years with 35-80 years of age range. Of 220 patients, 145 (65.9%) had hypertension and 75 (34.1%) had normal blood pressure, and 7.72 ± 1.28 years was the patient’s mean duration of hypertension. The males have the HbA1c levels of 7.11 ±1.34 and 7.81 ±1.58 in females. In the hypertensive group of patients; mean HbA1c was higher significantly in comparison to the normal blood pressure group (p = 0.003). The HbA1c mean levels were also higher significantly among hypertensive patients with duration for over ten years (p = 0.04) and in subjects using diuretics (p = 0.03) and beta-blockers (p = 0.006) as an antihypertensive drug. Among patients with normal body mass index and nutritional recommendations, the mean (± SD) HbA1c in patients with hypertension was 5.13 ± 0.03 compared with patients with normal blood pressure (p = 0.00007). Conclusions: The control of Glycemia in type II diabetic patients is poor with hypertension. There is a complex relation of various factors, including gender, age, hypertension duration, and drugs that strongly effect control of glycemia among hypertensive patients and type-II diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, HbA1c
A Comparison of Spectinomycin with Ceftriaxone as Treatment for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea
Authors: Hussain Shabir , Mustafa Amjad , Mumtaz Arif , Shaheen Ghazala , Qaiser Fawad , Ahmad Shafique
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of spectinomycin with ceftriaxone as treatment for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea. Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried at Department of Pharmacology DHQ Teaching Hospital kohat and Khaleefa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital Bannu from March 2019 to march 2020. Patients and Methods: For the trial, 200 participants were enrolled. Two groups of 100 patients each were formed by randomly dividing the patients. Injections of spectinomycin (2 gm) and ceftriaxone (500 mg) were administered intramuscularly to Group A and Group B, respectively. After 5 days, all patients underwent reexaminations, and their clinical and laboratory results were noted and reviewed. Results of the Study: When administered spectinomycin, patients in Group A (n = 100) indicated 95% full response, 3% partial response, and 2% no reaction, but when given ceftriaxone, patients in Group B (n = 100) indicated 91% full response, 3% partial response, and 6% no response at all. Furthermore, the aetiology of gonorrhoea infection is not statistically associated with getting older. Conclusion: The cure rates for spectinomycin and ceftriaxone are statistically indistinguishable. However, spectinomycin may only be used in cases of ceftriaxone resistance because it causes pain at the injection site, is less effective for pharyngeal gonorrhoea, and is contraindicated during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Keywords: Neisseria Gonorrhea, Ceftriaxone, Spectinomycin
Evaluation of Liver Function Among Patients Presented with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lakho Shabana , Singh Dolat , Memon Zaheer Hussain , Sawai Sajan , Seerani Nand Lal , Laghari Hira
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the liver function assessment in the patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at the gastroenterology departments of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad and Indus Medical College TM Khan. Patients with an age range of 20 to 70 years, both genders, and having hepatocellular carcinoma were included in the study. A 5 mL blood sample was taken from each participant and sent to the hospital diagnostic laboratory to assess the serum bilirubin level and albumin level. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score was used for hepatic function. Data was collected using a self-made research proforma, and it was analyzed using SPSS 26. Results: A total of 58 cases having HCC were assessed regarding hepatic function. The mean age of the patients was 55.39+12.39 years. Males were in the majority 75.9%, and females were 24.1%. The majority of the patients (72.4%) had child Pugh class C, 12.1% had child Pugh class B, and 15.5% of the cases had child Pugh class A. Elevated bilirubin levels of albumin levels and Alpha-fetoprotein levels were significantly associated to the child Pugh class C (p= <0.05). Most of the cases, 67.3%, had an ALBI score > − 1.39, 10.3% cases had ALBI score − 2.59 to − 1.39, and 22.4% of patients had an   ALBI score ≤ − 2.60. Conclusion: Severe hepatic dysfunction was observed to be frequently high among patients having hepatocellular carcinoma, as most of the cases had Pugh class C and ALBI stage 3. Due to the extremely small sample size used in this study, the results are not trustworthy. Keywords: HCC, Hepatic function, Bilirubin, Albumin, ALBI
Moderating Role of Spirituality between Occupational Stress and Work-Family Conflict among COVID-19 Rescue Responders
Authors: Raza Muhammad Yasir , Kazmi Syed Messum Ali , Batool Iqra , Anjum Fayyaz Ahmed , Rasheed Maham
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic which has affected millions of people worldwide. It has become a global issue for the people of the world. The current study aimed to find whether there is any relationship between spirituality, Occupational stress and work family conflict among COVID-19 rescue responders or not. A sample of 180 COVID-19 rescue responders was selected through purposive sampling by selecting 5 rescue responders from each district of Punjab Province. Co relational research design used for this study and Data was collected by administering Health Safety Executive Standard Indicator Tool for occupational stress, Work Family Conflict Self Efficacy scale for work family conflict and Multidimensional Measure for Islamic Spirituality to rescue responders. Data was analyzed though SPSS by using statistical processes of regression, correlation and moderation along with calculating Percentage and frequencies of responses. Results of the study showed that spirituality moderates the relationship between occupational stress and work family conflict among COVID-19 rescue responders. It also showed that there was no significant effect of demographic variables on occupational stress, work family conflict and spirituality. This study is the first study on COVID-19 rescue responders. More research work may be done by other researchers to fully explore different aspects of spirituality, occupational stress and work family conflict among Rescue responders and emergency responders. Keywords: Spirituality, Occupational stress, Work Family Conflict, COVID-19, Rescue Responders.
Therapeutic Guidelines and Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Peptic Ulcer at Tertiary Care Hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad
Authors: Khurshid Muhammad Bin , Ahmed Sadia , Javed Shehryar , Javed Muhammad Asher , Faizan Muhammad , Bangash Huzaif , Sheraz Hamza , Mudassar Ayesha
Published: October 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates obtained from patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, and to propose a novel anti-H. pylori therapy strategy for use in these locations. Methodology: A total of 132 H. pylori from the patients suffering with peptic ulcer disease were reported for clinical treatment in institutions in the twin Cities that provide tertiary care. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline were tested on the isolates to determine their levels of susceptibility to these drugs. The Epsilometer test, often known as the E-test, is a quantitative disc diffusion method that is used to determine antibiotic sensitivity. This test was utilised for the purpose of verifying isolates. Results: The overall rate of resistance among H. pylori was found to be 27.9% for amoxycillin, 38.9% for clarithromycin, and 73.6% for metronidazole. 47 out of 132 isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance, with metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxycillin showing the highest frequency of two, three, and four drug resistance patterns. Ciprofloxacin had a low level of tetracycline resistance, ranging from 1.2 to 4%, whereas metronidazole resistance was substantial. In the population of Pakistan, the frequency of H. pylori resistance to metronidazole is quite high, whereas it is moderate in response to clarithromycin and amoxycillin, and low in response to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The rates of resistance to clarithromycin and amoxycilin were higher in Rawalpindi than they were in Islamabad. It is imperative, for the sake of the public's health, that Pakistan make an adjustment to its policy regarding antibiotics, one that will permit the use of antibiotic rotation in the treatment of H. pylori. Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic susceptibility.
Frequency of Bacterial Vaginosis Amongst Pregnant Women Attending the Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Zakia , Khan Hina , Azam Maimoona , Khan Shaheer , Khan Haris , Bano Saira
Published: October 2022

Background: The poly-microbial illness known as bacterial vaginosis is defined by the depletion of the normal vaginal flora. Bacterial vaginosis is a common problem in pregnant women. Objective: To find out the frequency of bacterial vaginosis amongst pregnant women attending the tertiary care Methodology: This study was descriptive cross sectional carried out at the Gynecology department of Khalifa Gulnawaz Hospital, Bannu for duration of six months from January 2022 to July 2022. Under aseptic condition, vaginal swab was taken by using high vaginal swab procedure and sent to the concerned laboratory for determination of bacterial vaginosis. All the analysis of data was done by using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: In the current study, totally 250 pregnant women were included. The mean age was 28.12 years with standard deviation of 9.15. The mean (SD) gestational age was 24.15 (3.25) weeks. Out of 250 pregnant women, bacterial vaginosis was observed in 48 (19%) patients. Conclusion: Our study concludes that bacterial vaginosis is highly prevalent in pregnant women. Awareness programs should be started on national level to educate women about bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy. Keywords: Prevalence; Bacterial vaginosis; Pregnancy
Identification of Resistance Pattern in Different Strains of Bacteria causing Septicemia in Human at Lady Reading Hospital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Aziz Asif , Zahoor Muhammad , Aziz Aamir , Asghar Muhammad , Ahmad Junaid , Islam Gohar , . Naheed
Published: October 2022

Septicemia is one of the most life threatening problems and a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in neonates and children. The current research was carried out on identification and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of pathogens responsible for septicemia. A total of 121 samples were collected from septicemia suspected infants admitted in lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan. Among 121 samples, 43 (35.53%) blood cultures were positive for septicemia. Out of 43 cases, 27 (62.79%) showed growth of gram positive while 16 (37.20%) for Gram negative bacteria. The most common Gram positive isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 19 (70.37%) and Enterococcus spp., 8 (29.62%). Among Gram negative isolates were Klebsiella pneumonia 6 (37.5%), followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 (25%) Escherichia coli 4 (25%), Citrobacter freundii 1 (6.25%) and Serratia 1 (6.25%). Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to ampicillin followed by doxycycline, cefoxitin, gentamycin, but were sensitive to linezolid. Enterococcus spo., were resistant to gentamycin, ampicillin but sensitive to linezolid. Enterococcus spp., were resistant to gentamycin, ampicillin but sensitive to doxycycline followed by teicoplanin and minocycline. The P. aeruginosa were resistant to ampicillin followed by teicoplanin and minocycline. The P. aeruginosa were resistant to ampicillin followed by minocycline, aztreonam but sensitive to cefepime, gentamycin. The K.pneumonia isolates were resistant to ampicillin followed by aztreonam, gentamycin, doxycycline, minocycline but sensitive to cefepime. The E.coli XI isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefepime followed by aztreonam, doxycycline, minocycline but sensitive to gentamycin. In this research, resistant pattern of 43 isolates were identified out of which 24 (55.81%) were MDR, 12 (27.90%) were sensitive, 7 (16.27%) were XDR and luckily no PDR isolate was found. Keywords: Septicemia, Sepsis,Antibacterial resistance
Evaluate the Racecadotril Efficacy in Contrast the Reatment of Acute Diarrhea with Tril Compared to Probiotics and Loperamide in Adults
Authors: Wali Agha , Aslam Muhammad Naeem , Hussain Sohail
Published: October 2022

Objective: The study's objective is to compare the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of racecadotril to that of probiotics and loperamide in the treatment of patients with severe diarrhea. Study Design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Conducted at Department of Gastroenterology Mayo Hospital Lahore, during from the period Sep 2021 to Feb 2022. Methods: There were 150 patients of both genders had age 18-60 years with acute diarrhea included in this study. After obtaining informed written consent detailed demographics of enrolled cases were recorded. Patients were equally divided in three groups. Group I received 2mg probiotics among 50 patients, group II received 2mg loperamide in 50 patients and 50 patients of group III received 100 mg acetorphan (racecadotril) three times a day. Patients were continuously received oral rehydration therapy for 3-days. Outcomes were assessed in terms of efficacy and complications among three groups.SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: Among 150 presented case, majority of the patients were males 88 (58.7%) and the rest of the patients 62 (41.3%) were females. 60 (40%) patients had age 18-28 years, 40 (26.7%) had age 29-38 years, 30 (20%) had age 39-50 years and 20 (13.3%) had age >50 years. Majority of the cases had poor socio-economic status 90 (60%). We found that effectiveness of racecadotril 47 (94%) and loperamide 42 (84%) is significantly higher as compared to probiotics 15 (30%) with p value <0.005. Complications in group II was higher found in 18 (36%) cases as compared to group I 4 (8%) and 1 (2%) in group I. Conclusion: We concluded that loperamide and racecadotril are fast, effective treatments for acute diarrhoea. Probiotics are less effective than other medications yet have fewer adverse effects. Loperamide group had higher treatment-related constipation complications than others.
Comparison of Short-Term Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Anthropometric Characteristics of Overweight Young Women
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Shadmehr Azadeh , Naz Erum , Ali Mazhar , Rahim Anila
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive research work in order to find out the (time bound) efficient way to bring about changes in anthropometric measures with weight/fat reduction. Methods: In this study the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) were compared to see the reduction in body fat percentage in young university girls age between 20 to 25 years. Thirty subjects were recruited in HIIT (n=15) and MICT group (n=15) for 8 weeks. Pre and post fat percentage was assessed to see the changes before and after work out of two different exercise regimens. Results: Statistically significant improvement was found in both groups for weight (Mean difference = 3.04, P value = 0.00), However in the same manner other factors also showed significant improvement, BMI (Mean difference = 1.20, P value = 0.00), Waist circumference (Mean difference = 1.67, P value = 0.001), Hip circumference (Mean difference = 1.73, P value = 0.00) and body fat (Mean difference = 2.92, P value = 0.00). Therefore, all anthropometric measures showed differences but HIIT group showed maximum reduction in weight after regime (P value < 0.00) Conclusion: Eight weeks of HIIT and MICT resulted in improvements in anthropometric measures along with changes in dietary habit intake. HIIT appears to be the predominant strategy for controlling weight because of its adherence and time efficiency. Keywords: Overweight Young women, Moderate intensity continuous training , Weight reduction, Abbreviations: High intensity interval training (HIIT), Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), Maximum Heart Rate (MHR), Body Mass index (BMI), Body Fat (BF)
Paisagens educativas no Monumento Natural Municipal da Lagoa do Peri
Authors: Chaves Ana
Published: October 2022

Este livro é resultado dos trabalhos de pesquisa, ensino e extensão desenvolvidos de 2017 a 2020 no Monumento Natural Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, em Florianópolis/SC, fruto de muitas mãos comprometidas com a educação geográfica em espaços não formais de educação. A escolha do Monumento Natural Municipal da Lagoa do Peri deve-se, principalmente, pela tamanha expressividade desse espaço público, tanto pela exposição de suas paisagens naturais e culturais, que lhe confere ampla e legítima visibilidade, quanto pelo número de frequentadores, colocando em cena a larga repercussão e reverberação das dinâmicas socioambientais ali existentes. Assim, nossa proposta é contribuir com o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas e com a formação docente em Geografia por meio de trilhas e caminhadas, em particular, no Caminho Guarani, no Caminho do Saquinho e no Sertão do Ribeirão.
Democracia, más allá del mito.
Authors: Turpin Saorin Jose
Published: October 2022

La democracia, es una posibilidad que se tiene y se debe ir configurando en base a un aquí y a un ahora de lo cual no hemos sido capaces de entender ni de asimilar y mucho menos trabajar. La democracia nos configura y la configuramos recordando a las estructuras estructurantes de Bourdieu y si no educamos y formamos en democracia en todos y cada uno de nuestros mundos de la vida a la vez que no somos capaces de producir su adaptabilidad al aquí y al ahora, terminará siendo eso un mito, sin más, llegando a perder todo su sentido, simbolismo y lo que es peor sentimiento y sensibilidad para defenderla, pues ya no nos servirá. Buscaremos otro/os sistemas que recoja a buen seguro y de manera demagógica si cabe mejor mis emociones y sentimientos convirtiéndose la muerte de la democracia, ahora sí, en el viejo y mítico sistema político a acabar.
Grandes donantes: dinero, élites y partidos políticos en Costa Rica (2010-2018)
Authors: Robles  Rivera Francisco , Ruiz Tijerino Fátima , Leandro Ronadl Saénz
Published: October 2022

El financiamiento electoral privado en las campañas políticas en América Latina ha sido crucial. Sin embargo, poco conocemos sobre quiénes, cuánto y cómo son quiénes donan a los partidos políticos. Usando una base de datos con información oficial del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (TSE) de Costa Rica, este artículo ofrece un análisis detallado desde 2010 de los financistas de los partidos políticos en Costa Rica y discute, cómo este financiamiento se constituye en un mecanismo de influencia de las élites económicas sobre la política pública en un contexto de acceso inequitativo a fondos públicos y desigualdad económica estructural. Dadas las contribuciones teóricas y empíricas, este artículo permite una mayor comprensión de las relaciones entre financiamiento electoral privado y élites en América Latina.
Who represents women in Mexico? Critical actors in times of congressional gender parity
Authors: Vidal Correa Fernanda
Published: October 2022

There is no sufficient evidence regarding the relationship between descriptive and women’s substantive representation in the Mexican Congress. This research asks, what characteristics do lawmakers who promote the rights and interests of women share? Critical actors theory calls for research to emphasize agents over numbers. Thus, information about the identity of sponsoring deputies was studied for the LXIII and LXIV Congresses. Results show that individual actors, mostly female legislators, promote women’s representation. Some have seniority, but most have no experience as elected officials, nor as part of the Congressional leadership. This suggests that actors who have the political will to promote women's issues have the least power to do so, which, in turn, undermines the power of a critical mass.
A '48-as honvéd emlékezetkultúra alakulása, különös tekintettel a Honvédalbum közreadására
Authors: Babucs Zoltán
Published: October 2022

1868-ban a Szokoly Viktor által szerkesztett Honvédalbum nagyszabású vállalkozás volt, és az elsők között szólt 1848–1849-ről, megalapozva a forradalom és szabadságharc kultuszának ápolását. Olyan neves szerzők írásai, költeményei kerültek be az albumba, mint Jókai Mór, Tompa Mihály, P. Szathmáry Károly, Abonyi Lajos, Szász Károly, Tóvölgyi Titusz. Szokoly Petőfi emlékét idézte meg, amikor újból közölte a Négy nap dörgött az ágyu... című költeményét. Szépirodalmi munkák mellett visszaemlékezések, valamint visszaemlékezés-részletek is bekerültek az albumba (pl. Asbóth Lajos ezredes, Illésy György tűzmester, Mednyánszky Sándor alezredes, báró Podmaniczky Frigyes főszázados, Várady Gábor őrnagy), a fehértemplomi eseményekről Böhm Lénárd, míg Guyon Richard honvédtábornokról a kötet szerkesztője, Szokoly Viktor írt. A Honvédalbum értékét illusztrációi is növelik, és a tízoldalnyi képmelléklet mellett szövegközti ábrák színesítik. Olyan művészek képeit közölték, mint Benczúr Gyula (Temetői csata, A visszatért Lenkey-huszár), Munkácsy Mihály (Honvéd újoncozás, Foglyokkal visszatérők), Szinnyei (Szinyei Merse) Pál (Az előőrs), Litzenmayer Sándor (A honleányok áldozatkészsége), Wagner Sándor (Csata után) és Jankó János (szövegközti ábrák). A jó minőségű, tónusos fametszetek – amelyek Rusz Károly fametsző intézetében készültek – a szabadságharc egyes pillanatait örökítették meg zsánerszerűen, de helyszínhez köthető csataillusztrációt nem találunk a képek között. A 48-as nemzeti emlékezet formálását azonban nemcsak a kordokumentumnak számító Honvédalbum, hanem az 1849 és 1867 közötti hadtörténetírás és az 1861-ben, majd 1867-ben alapított honvédegyleti mozgalom is nagyban szolgálta.
A magyar református emlékezetkultúra fejlődése (1864-1917)
Authors: Kovács Kálmán Árpád
Published: October 2022

Jelen tanulmány két részre tagolódik. Az első részben számba veszi azon materiális előfeltételeket (gazdasági és társadalmi hátteret), amelyek a református emlékezetkultúra kiformálódására alapvető hatást gyakoroltak. A második rész a református szempontból fontos emlékévek dinamikáját tárgyalja, mint ami a református emlékezetkultúra ideálképekben megfogható tartalmi, üzeneti oldalának későbbi vizsgálatát megalapozhatja. Az így összeállított emlékév-katalógus a következő: az 1864-es Kálvin-emlékév, a Calvinium 1867. május 27-i felavatása, Méliusz Juhász Péter halálának háromszázados évfordulója 1872-ben, a gályarabok kiszabadításának kétszázados évfordulója 1876- ban, a református középiskolák 1848-as március 15-i emlékünnepélyeinek általánossá válása az 1880-as években, Luther halálának 350. évfordulója 1886-ban, az 1890-es Károli-emlékév és messze ható (majd két évtizedes) hatásai, a debreceni „református negyed” szimbolikus emlékhelyeinek létrejötte (gályarab-emlékoszlop 1895-ben, illetve a Bocskai-szobor az 1906-os Bocskai-emlékév kapcsán), az 1907-es hajdúböszörményi avatás és a hozzá kapcsolódó események, az 1909-es Kálvin-emlékév, végül az 1917-es reformációs jubileumra tett magyarországi előkészületek 1907-től kezdve. A tanulmány fő eredményei az alábbiakban összegezhetőek: Mint oly sok nyugatról érkező új eszmeáramlat, a protestáns emlékezet gondolata is csak évtizedekkel annak eredeti feltűnése után, a dualizmus korában jelentkezett nagyobb erővel Magyarországon. A református emlékezetkultúra – a nemzetihez hasonlóan – a 19. század utolsó harmadától kezdve próbálta megtalálni azokat a támpontokat, fogódzókat, melyek segítségül szolgálhattak saját önazonosság-tudatának kifejtésében. Ezeket pedig a különböző emlékévekben vélte föltalálni. A gazdasági és társadalmi fejlődés, valamint a nemzeti és az egyházi ébredés megkésettsége azt is eredményezte, hogy a magyar reformátusság önszervező, alapítványgyűjtő erejét nagyobb mértékben foglalták le köz- és az oktatásügyi feladatok, mint a tőlünk nyugatabbi, nálunk szerencsésebb országok kálvinista egyházaiét. Ezeket a relatív gyengeségeket állami segítség tudta mérsékelni, hogy a magyar reformátusság az emlékezetkutúra területén is több évtizedes hátrányok ledolgozásába kezdhessen. Annak az igénynek, hogy a nyugatias emlékkultúrát hozzá kell idomítani a magyar jellemhez, Magyarországon is alapvetően a liberális nacionalizmus jegyében igyekeztek megfelelni. Ezen törekvés során a nemzeti életet alapjaiban befolyásoló kulturális és politikai vívmányok kapták a fő hangsúlyokat, de az a gondolat is kitapinthatóvá vált, hogy az emlékezésnek és a megfelelő emlékezetpolitikai monumentumoknak a kálvini szellemű vallási megújulást is szolgálniuk kell.
Ellenségből barátok. A Magyarország-kép változása Franciaországban (1990-2010)
Authors: Garadnai Zoltán
Published: October 2022

A magyar-francia kapcsolatok 1990 és 2010 között alapvető változásokon mentek keresztül. A kelet-európai rendszerváltozások a magyar-francia kapcsolatokban is lényeges változást hoztak. A két ország ellenségből szövetségessé vált. A magyarok megítélésében nagyon pozitív kép alakult ki, miközben magyar részről stratégiai partnerként tekintettek az euroatlanti integrációban kulcsszerepet betöltő Franciaországra. A francia politika támogatta a magyar integrációs törekvéseket, de Párizs számára a saját geopolitikai érdekei alapvető fontosságúak maradtak, és a magyarokhoz való viszonyukat is ebből a nézőpontból lehet megérteni. Az emiatt meglévő érdekellentétek, a továbbra is meglévő „egyoldalú szerelem” érzete ellenére nem vezettek a kapcsolatok – korábbi időszakban többször megfigyelhető - romlásához. A rendszerváltozás után ugyanis új alapokon fejlődött tovább a két ország együttműködése, és minőségi változás ment végbe a két ország kapcsolatában. A kiválóan alakuló politikai-diplomáciai kapcsolatok mellett a gazdasági és a kulturális területen és az emberi kapcsolatokban is minőségi változás következett be a két ország viszonyában. Franciaország és Magyarország kapcsolatát napjainkban továbbra is az elitek egymástól eltérő geopolitikai látásmódja, politikai-ideológiai ellentétei jellemzik, ugyanakkor a kölcsönös érdekek és a kapcsolódási pontok keresése, és az együttműködés szintén jelen vannak. A rendszerváltozás után kölcsönösen kialakított kapcsolatok szilárd alapot jelentenek a további együttműködéshez.
A Regnum Marianum, a Regnum Christi és Res publica laico modo separata a protestáns közgondolkodásban (1871–1925)
Authors: Kovács Kálmán Árpád
Published: October 2022

Jelen tanulmány – némi eszmetörténeti kitekintés után – politikatörténeti alapon veszi górcső alá az 1871 és 1925 közötti időszak Regnum Marianum körül folytatott katolikus-protestáns diskurzusait. Ezen vitákban a keresztény társadalom kulcsa – protestáns szemszögből – egy, a hagyományos protestáns sérelmi politikát lebontani képes, valódi és becsületes katolikus gesztuspolitika. Végső soron elmondhatjuk, hogy mindezek a viták a cselekvés konkrét terét (vagy annak hiányát) jelölték ki a kor közjogi szemléletében „az Egyház” vagy az egyházak társadalmi szerepvállalása előtt.
Apostoli királyok, szent uralkodók és a Regnum Marianum
Authors: Miklós Péter
Published: October 2022

A Regnum Marianum-gondolat alapja egyrészt a magyarság ősvallása anyaistenének és főistennőjének tekintett Boldogasszony kultuszából, másrészt a kereszténység Mária-tiszteletéből fakad. A „Magyarország, Mária országa” eszme elsősorban a katolikus hívői közösségek, valamint a katolikus alapú politikai mozgalmak és civil szervezetek számára jelentett sokat. Mivel a modernitásban – s főleg a trianoni béke (1920) után – a katolicizmus arányszáma a hazai felekezetek követői között domináns volt, ez nem kis társadalmi bázist jelentett a Regnum Marianum-eszmét terjesztő katolikus egyház és sajtó számára, s különösen nagy hangsúlyt kapott a második világháború előtti utolsó békeévben, Budapesten megrendezett Eucharisztikus Világkongresszus idején.
Modelo de estrategias metacognitivas para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de primaria
Authors: Gutiérrez Mantilla Silvia Marina , Figueroa Coronado Erick Carlo , Cenas Chacón Fernando Ysmael , Cornejo Olivares Thaygoro Enmanuelle
Published: October 2022

La investigación tuvo por objetivo proponer un modelo de estrategias metacognitivas para mejorar el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa No N° 80991 de Calamarca, mediante una investigación de enfoque cuantitativa, alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal descriptivo propositivo. El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 60 estudiantes, a quienes se les aplicó Test para determinar el nivel de habilidades del pensamiento crítico, validada por expertos con una confiabilidad muy buena de 0,805. Los principales resultados manifestaron que, la mayor parte de los estudiantes no han alcanzado el nivel logro previsto en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, con 88,34%. Ante ello, se propuso el Modelo de Estrategias metacognitivas a fin de mejorar los resultados alcanzados.
Dinámica de la Malaria en el SILAIS Bilwi, Nicaragua 2013- 2020.
Authors: Rodríguez Betzabé Mara
Published: October 2022

La malaria continúa siendo un problema de salud pública, la Organización Mundial de la salud (OMS) estima, en su informe del 2020, que ocurrieron 229 millones de casos a nivel mundial. Nicaragua en el 2011, reportó una reducción a nivel nacional del 75% de los casos de malaria, pero en ese mismo año el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) a través del componente Malaria, establece un escenario donde la tendencia de reducción, se deteriora y lo ubican en la Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Norte (RACCN), específicamente, en el Sistema Local de Atención Integral (SILAIS) Bilwi. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar la dinámica de la malaria en el SILAIS Bilwi durante un periodo de ocho años (2013 a 2020) a través de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Los resultados muestran que Bilwi reportó un incremento de casos autóctonos causados principalmente por Plasmodium vivax, concentrando estos casos, en el área urbana de Puerto Cabezas, reportando un aumento del 22%(2,403) durante  el periodo de estudio 2013-2015, respecto al año 2012, del 2016 a 2018 fue de 71.77%(27,102) y en el periodo de 2019 a 2020 se registró un 69%(35,930), los grupos etáreos más afectados fueron los jóvenes y personas en edad laboral activa,  el sexo no fue un factor de riesgo, los valores obtenidos no presentaron diferencias significativas, la etnia más afectada fue la Miskitu con 91.43%, en la zona es la que más presencia tiene, pero esta zona es rica en cultura étnica, condición que representa un desafío para el abordaje de la enfermedad a las autoridades de salud.
Gestión estratégica de los equipos de trabajo intergeneracionales en las organizaciones.
Authors: Moreno Carrillo Luis Humberto , Toscano Moctezuma Juan Alfonso
Published: October 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es representar la relación de los equipos intergeneracionales con la productividad, competitividad, liderazgo y gestión de conflictos en las organizaciones, y así conocer el impacto que generan en el cumplimiento de los objetivos. Por medio de una búsqueda bibliográfica se extrajeron 50 artículos de los cuales fueron seleccionados 12 para su revisión y análisis. Los resultados del análisis destacan la tarea de la empresa por gestionar los aspectos que rodean a su personal, contemplar las distintas maneras de actuar y pensar de las generaciones, aprovechar las habilidades de cada persona para mejorar al desarrollo del capital humano, fomentar el intercambio de ideas y conocimientos entre generaciones para la obtención de soluciones creativas que favorezcan a la productividad de la organización.
Silko’s Cosmopolitan Vision: Community Writing in Gardens in the Dunes
Authors: Shuangshuang LI
Published: October 2022

The American Indian novel, Gardens in the Dunes, tells the story of the decline of the tribal community located on the Colorado River, the resistance of the pan-Indian community, the syncretism of the Indian-white community, and the construction of the global community in the late 19th century, which reveals the fluid character of community and Silko’s cosmopolitan vision. In the novel, Silko describes the attempts and efforts of the endangered Sand Lizard tribe to find safety in an insecure world, pointing out that the community must insist on solidifying the base as well as making innovations, incorporating new landscape into the existing body of knowledge, revising and supplementing it. Silko interprets her thought on the survival and development of the nation, calling for the coming of a harmonious, balanced, open and inclusive community in which the local and the global coexist.