bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conditional perfection: the truth and the whole truth
Authors: Herburger Elena
Published: June 2016

Conditional Perfection is argued to arise when a sentence is silently conjoined with an exhaustivized version of the same string. The proposed account, the 'whole truth theory', is argued to not only capture Conditional Perfection but to also extend to upper-bounding inferences and exhaustive answers. A crucial piece of the analysis is the independently supported claim that bare conditionals are ambiguous between universal and existential readings.
Relative readings of superlatives: Scope or focus?
Authors: Tomaszewicz Barbara Maria
Published: June 2016

I provide an analysis of the relative readings of superlatives on which the superlative morpheme -est is more constrained at LF than previously argued, yet the range of superlative readings available cross-linguistically is still accounted for. I argue that -est scopes outside the superlative DP only when necessary. I also provide empirical arguments that the focus structure of the sentence must be included in the LF representation of relative readings. In English, where -est only scopes DP-internally, we correctly predict the optionality of focus for relative readings. In Polish, where -est can also scope DP-externally, focus can be obligatory to disambiguate between the different LFs.
La légalisation des drogues : une mesure de salut public. Inévitable, utopique, dangereuse ?
Authors: Hautefeuille Michel , Wieviorka Emma
Published: June 2016

En France, c’est la loi du 31 décembre 1970 qui fixe le cadre à la fois juridique et médico-social de la réponse publique face à la consommation de psychotropes. L’échec patent de cette loi à remplir ses objectifs pointe les limites des politiques prohibitionnistes dans leur ensemble. Seule une légalisation – qui est davantage qu’une contraventionnalisation ou qu’une dépénalisation – des drogues peut permettre de répondre au mieux au problème sanitaire et social posé par celles-ci.
Errance urbaine, scènes de consommation de drogues et réduction des risques : les défis pour la ville et les politiques publiques aujourd’hui
Authors: Azocar Betty
Published: June 2016

En attirant l’attention de différents acteur.trice.s sanitaires et sociaux présents dans la cité, l’émergence des « scènes ouvertes » d’usage de drogues dans le tissu urbain  1 a contribué à la reconfiguration des interventions en matière de drogues dans les villes, tout en préfigurant la mise en œuvre de la politique de réduction des risques (RDR) auprès des usager.ère.s de drogues. Si la politique de RDR a obtenu des résultats incontestables sur le terrain de l’épidémie de VIH, elle n’a pas encore réussi à répondre totalement aux problématiques posées par les usager.ère.s de drogues les plus marginalisé.e.s dans l’espace urbain, notamment les plus précarisé.e.s, les migrant.e.s, les femmes, et tous ceux qui errent dans les grandes villes. Fragmentées, éphémères et mobiles : les scènes n’ont pas disparu, mais sont redevenues plus difficiles à discerner/à identifier.
Coca, une feuille sacrée
Authors: Croci François
Published: June 2016

La « guerre à la drogue » n’est pas seulement un instrument de marginalisation des populations les plus vulnérables à l’intérieur de chaque Etat-nation. Il s’agit aussi d’un rapport de forces entre États. La défense par la Bolivie de la culture et de la consommation de la feuille de coca vient rappeler que les politiques prohibitionnistes ne sont pas tant motivées par des préoccupations de santé que par des enjeux de souveraineté.
Le Brésil à la recherche de la démocratie
Authors: Bignotto Newton
Published: June 2016

Cet article retrace le débat sur la démocratie qui a eu lieu au Brésil dans les années soixante-dix, quand il est devenu clair pour de nombreux secteurs de la société que le régime dictatorial installé dans le pays depuis 1964 approchait de sa fin. Dans la première partie de l’article, nous revenons à des moments de l’histoire intellectuelle du Brésil, qui nous aident à comprendre l’évolution de l’idée de la démocratie dans les différents courants de pensée politique brésilienne au long du XX e siècle. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons trois penseurs – Raymundo Faoro, Marilena Chaui et Carlos Nelson Coutinho – qui ont eu un rôle important, aux côtés d’autres intellectuels dans le renouvellement du débat sur la nature de la démocratie au Brésil.
Curiosité et séduction : investissements et contre-investissements dans le psychodrame psychanalytique d’investigation
Authors: Morel Alexandre
Published: June 2016

Entre curiosité et séduction suscitées par le dispositif psychodramatique, l’usage massif de contre investissements peut être de mise avant que ce même dispositif apparaisse propre à favoriser l’associativité et un jeu conflictualisé ouvrant aux représentations fantasmatiques. A partir de l’expérience analytique avec une adolescente durant les quelques séances d’un psychodrame dit «  d’investigation et de mobilisation », nous cherchons quelles modalités de mise en forme de l’excitation pulsionnelle déterminent les conditions d’empêchement et de déploiement associatifs.
Se risquer à deux. de l’escalade comme vecteur thérapeutique et comme médiation à l’adolescence
Authors: Périer Antoine
Published: June 2016

L’escalade permet de faire vivre à l’adolescent une expérience de risque subjectif dans un contexte où le risque objectif peut être contrôlé et écarté de la pratique. La relation interpersonnelle qui se construit dans la pratique est le pivot, en même temps que le moyen de cette sécurité objective en situation de risque subjectif. Certains modèles cognitifs du développement du nourrisson, les modèles de l’attachement, ainsi que l’abord psychanalytique de l’expérience psychique induite par la pratique, permettent d’appréhender certains processus importants en jeu chez l’adolescent. Cette perspective soutient une conception de l’escalade comme un vecteur thérapeutique et une activité de médiation riche, dans laquelle créativité motrice et créativité psychique évoluent conjointement.
Ricœur on the Concept of Will in Aristotle and Augustine
Authors: Horn Christoph
Published: June 2016

En s’appuyant sur le cours de Ricœur sur Le Concept philosophique de volonté – professé en 1967 – l’article examine la position que le philosophe français assume sur la question très controversée concernant l’histoire conceptuelle de la volonté dans la pensée occidentale et notamment dans la philosophie ancienne. En partant d’une clarification terminologique – centrée sur la distinction entre trois concepts de volonté (appétitif, décisionnel et dynamique) – l’article met en cause la thèse défendue ici par Ricœur, selon laquelle le concept de volonté serait absent dans la philosophie ancienne et en particulier dans la pensée d’Aristote. Toutefois, d’accord avec Ricœur, on reconnaît chez Augustin une approche foncièrement novatrice du concept de volonté, dont on précise le sens et la portée dans la partie conclusive.
Le tournant cartésien de la philosophie de la volonté
Authors: Guenancia Pierre
Published: June 2016

L’article analyse la partie consacrée à Descartes – et en particulier à la IV e méditation – dans le cours sur Le Concept philosophique de volonté, professé par Ricœur en 1967. En examinant en quel sens la philosophie cartésienne de la volonté représente ici pour Ricœur un « tournant » au sein de la tradition, on vise à mettre en relief les glissements interprétatifs, qui témoignent de l’influence de nouvelles médiations – comme celle de Heidegger et de Gueroult – mais aussi et surtout d’un recul critique beaucoup plus net que dans la « Philosophie de la volonté » de Ricœur vis-à-vis de Descartes : recul qui est lié à un tournant de sa pensée. Dans ce but l’article se développe en suivant les trois moments de la lecture de Ricœur : a) noyau phénoménologique ; b) volonté et ordre des raisons ; c) volonté et cogito.
Le sport à côté. Les logiques sociales de la permanence d’un investissement associatif en milieu populaire
Authors: Rougier Cyrille
Published: June 2016

Dans un contexte de transformation des classes populaires ces 30 dernières années, nombre de travaux en sciences sociales ont insisté sur la disparition progressive des formes d’engagement en milieu populaire. En centrant l’analyse sur une association sportive et culturelle (et notamment sa section football), cet article entend nuancer ce type d’affirmations en rappelant tout d’abord la permanence de formes d’engagements populaires particulièrement intenses. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des logiques sociales à l’origine de cet investissement et de son maintien sur la durée permet de souligner les formes d’identification collectives aux classes populaires en jeu dans ce type de configurations, y compris chez des personnes d’origine populaire ayant connu une ascension sociale relative.
Le profil social et politique des adjoint-e-s aux sports des villes françaises
Authors: Koebel Michel
Published: June 2016

L’analyse des caractéristiques des adjoint-e-s aux sports des villes françaises de la mandature 2008-2014 montre une grande diversité : dans la dénomination de leurs attributions ; dans le rang qui leur est attribué par le maire au sein de l’exécutif ; dans le choix de confier cette responsabilité à des femmes ou à des hommes. L’analyse de leur appartenance sociale montre qu’ils et elles se situent dans une position généralement dominée au sein des exécutifs et même par rapport aux conseillers municipaux « ordinaires ». Ils et elles sont presque aussi nombreux-ses que les autres adjoint-e-s à être membres de partis politiques.
Devenir patron en autodidacte ?
Authors: Touahria-Gaillard Abdia
Published: June 2016

Depuis la création de la prestation de compensation du handicap, les personnes concernées bénéficient d’une solvabilisation de leur aide humaine plus conséquente qu’auparavant et peuvent l’organiser en recourant à des services prestataires ou en pratiquant l’emploi direct entre particuliers, en mandatant, par exemple, un service d’accompagnement qui secondera l’employeur sans se substituer à lui. Notre contribution s’intéresse aux personnes qui ont besoin de 24 heures d’accompagnement quotidien et choisissent de recourir à un service mandataire. En se fondant sur les matériaux empiriques d’une enquête qualitative conduite en 2015 en Île-de-France et en Languedoc-Roussillon auprès de quinze particuliers employeurs, de quinze salariés et de trois cadres de deux délégations de l’Association des paralysés de France, nous avons tâché de comprendre les rationalisations individuelles de l’exercice de l’emploi direct entre particuliers en analysant les causes et les incidences d’un recours au service mandataire.
Navigation Makes Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Less Invasive
Authors: Wang Yu , Hu Yongkai , Liu Hong , Li Chunde , Li Hong , Yi Xiaodong
Published: June 2016

The current study presents a navigated transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) technique that requires only a 4-cm incision to accomplish a single-level TLIF. The authors compared its efficacy and efficiency with those of conventional TLIF. Forty patients who were indicated for single-level lumbar fusion were included and randomized to either the navigated-TLIF group or the conventional-TLIF group. Intraoperative blood loss, operative time, incision length, complications, bed rest period, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scoring was also performed for each patient preoperatively and 3 months and 2 years postoperatively. Incision length was significantly shorter in the navigated-TLIF group than in the conventional-TLIF group (4.2 vs 8.3 cm, respectively;
P
=.001). Accordingly, intraoperative blood loss was also significantly less in the navigated-TLIF group than in the conventional-TLIF group (122.5 vs 220.5 mL, respectively;
P
=.049). There was no significant difference in total operative time between the 2 groups (134.4 vs 124.5 minutes;
P
=.226). The navigated-TLIF group had a significantly shorter bed rest period and length of hospital stay compared to the conventional-TLIF group. Incision length decreased with time; at final follow-up, average incision length had decreased from 4.2 to 3.7 cm in the navigated-TLIF group and from 8.3 to 7.7 cm in the conventional-TLIF group. Average ODI score improved significantly in both groups immediately postoperatively and was maintained in the following 2 years. Navigation can make single-level TLIF less invasive. Compared with conventional TLIF, navigated TLIF proved to be superior with regard to incision length, intraoperative blood loss, bed rest period, and length of hospital stay. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e857–e862.]
Carcass characteristics, meat quality, feeding behavior of Nelore heifers fed diets containing sunflower pie
Authors: Alves Karine Regina , Silva Leandro Das Dores Ferreira da , Ribeiro Edson Luís Azambuja , Guerra Geisi Loures , Paiva Fernando Henrique Pereira de , Henz Éderson Luis
Published: June 2016

The aim was to evaluate the feeding behavior, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nelore heifers fed sunflower pie replacing cottonseed meal. They were used 30 heifers with average initial weight of 274 kg ± 28 kg and average age of 24 months, confined for 76 days. The design was completely randomized with five treatments (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g kg-1 DM) and six replicates per treatment. By completing 24 hours after slaughter, it evaluated muscle conformation and degree of finish made the longissimus dorsi at the 13th rib. A representative sample between the 10th and 12th ribs was collected for evaluation of the physical components of carcasses. As well as the other variables, the hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length and rib eye area were not influenced by different pie levels in feed. The mean percentage of muscle, bone and fat from the carcass were 53.45; 16.14 and 29.46%, respectively, similar among treatments. Therefore, the use of up to 600 g kg-1 of sunflower pie replacing cottonseed meal as the main protein source, did not affect the carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nelore heifers.
Determinantes da qualidade da informação contábil sob a perspectiva das características empresariais
Authors: Mazzioni Sady , Klann Roberto Carlos
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as características empresariais determinantes da qualidade da informação contábil no contexto das empresas internacionalizadas e sob a perspectiva de diferentes padrões contábeis. A amostra considerou 1.406 empresas localizadas em doze países, compreendendo o período de 2005 a 2012. A qualidade da informação contábil considerou osatributos da qualidade dos accruals, persistência, previsibilidade e suavização dos lucros. A partir do cálculo dos atributos individuais estabeleceu-se um ranking agregado das empresas, utilizando método de análise multicritério TOPSIS e a técnica da entropia. A investigação considerou fatores depadrões contábeis, incentivos empresariais e a intensidade da internacionalização das atividades econômicas como fatores explicativos da qualidade da informação contábil. Os resultados indicaram que a menor alavancagem financeira constituiu-se em incentivo para as empresas posicionaram-se com escores mais elevados no ranking da qualidade da informação contábil. O estudo confirmou a intensidade da internacionalização das atividades empresariais como uma determinante significativa para explicar a qualidade da informação contábil reportada no contexto internacional.
Análise da Alíquota Efetiva de Tributos Sobre o Lucro no Brasil: Um Estudo com foco na ETRt e na ETRc
Authors: Guimarães Guilherme Otávio Monteiro , Macedo Marcelo Alvaro da Silva , Cruz Cláudia Ferreira da
Published: June 2016

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a alíquota efetiva de tributos sobre o lucro de empresas de capital aberto atuantes no Brasil no período de 2003 e 2013, tanto em relação à alíquota efetiva total (ETRt) quanto à alíquota efetiva corrente (ETRc), buscando verificar indícios da presença de gerenciamento tributário. Esta análise consiste em (i) avaliar se a alíquota média apresenta uma carga superior, igual ou inferior à nominal de 34%; (ii) verificar se a ETR sofreu influência dos ajustes do RTT decorrente da introdução dos IFRS; (iii) identificar proxies (tamanho, rentabilidade, índice de estoques, índice de imobilizado, endividamento, despesas tributárias diferidas) que possam explicar a variação da ETR. De maneira geral, os resultados mostraram que: (i) as empresas apresentam uma ETR significativamente menor que a alíquota prevista na legislação; (ii) no período de adoção plena dos IFRS as empresas apresentaram uma ETR inferior; (iii) a ETR possui relação com tamanho (negativa), endividamento (positiva) e componentes do ativo (positiva); e (iv) há indicação de diferimento de tributos considerando-se o sinal negativo de tributos diferidos em relação à ETRc. Os resultados confirmam a prática de gerenciamento tributário e demonstram também que os ajustes decorrentes do RTT implicaram em uma carga fiscal menor, corroborando estudos anteriores que estimaram lucros menos conservadores após o início do processo de convergência. Finalmente, observou-se que empresas de maior porte apresentam menor carga fiscal e que em geral as empresas adotam escolhas que permitem o diferimento dos tributos sobre o lucro.
A Review Paper on Product Surface Defect Detection of Ironing Process
Authors: Faizin Akhmad , Wahjudi Arif , Batan I. Made Londen , Pramono Agus Sigit
Published: June 2016

The quality of product of manufacturing industries depends on dimension accurately and surface roughness quality. There are many types of surface defects and levels of surface roughness quality. Ironing process is one type of metal forming process, which aims to reduce the wall thickness of the cup-shaped or pipes products, thus increasing the height of the wall. Manually surface inspection procedures are very inadequate to ensure the surface in guaranteed quality. To ensure strict requirements of customers, the surface defect inspection based on image processing techniques has been found to be very effective and popular over the last two decades. The paper has been reviewed some papers based on image processing for defect detection. It has been tried to find some alternatives of useful methods for product surface defect detection of ironing process.
Tempering Process Gradually to Improve Quality Tool
Authors: Purwanto R. Edy , Hartono Moh , Sujatmiko Agus
Published: June 2016

Tempering is a heating treatment process to improve the elasticity with a little hardness. It is reheating the steel that has been hardened under the critical temperature of 723 oC and applying a holding time at that temperature, then cooling the steel in the air outside. The hardening was followed by gradual tempering process at different temperatures of 650°C, 550 oC and 450°C at 60, 120, and 180-minute holding times. The tempering process resulted in hard and tough not easily broken or worn tool steel. Besides, it improves the tensile strength and increases the durability of tool against collision. Tukey, Fisher Pairwise Comparison and Dunnet Method were applied to obtain Grouping Information data of 93%. Observations on eight tempering treatment processes show not only treatments 4, 5 and 6 (tempering with time delay) but also gradual tempering (in which the process was done some times by gradually dropping the temperature) resulted in better performance. Further observation was conducted in terms of the variation of dropping temperature and the most optimum holding time of the tempering process. Processes 7 and 8 (tempering without time delay) are not recommended, as the hardness value drops sharply, high vibration occurs when machining, and the cutting results in high roughness value.
The Effects of Pulse on Time and Arc on Time on Surface Quality in Wire-EDM of ASSAB XW-42 and ASSAB 8407 2M Tool Steels
Authors: Hasriadi  , Soepangkat Bobby Oedy Pramoedyo , Subiyanto H.
Published: June 2016

In this study, the effects of cutting parameter on surface quality was investigated experimentally in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process of ASSAB XW-42 and ASSAB 8407 2M tool steels. The surface quality of WEDMachined (WEDMed) was usually characterized by its roughness, recast layer and cracks. The experiments were conducted under different setting of pulse on time and arc on time on. It can be concluded that surface roughness, recast layer thickness and density of microcracks increased proportionally with pulse on time and arc on time. Thin recast layer and low crack density in the surface of ASSAB XW-42 tool steel was due to the low thermal conductivity of work piece material.
Optimization of Multiple Response Characteristics in the WEDM Process of Buderus 2379 ISO-B Tool Steel Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Logic Method
Authors: Diantoro Mega , Soepangkat Bobby Oedy Pramoedyo
Published: June 2016

In this study, the optimization of cutting width (Kerf), material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR) and recast layer (RL) in WEDM was investigated by using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy logic method. The experiments have been conducted under varying arc on time, on time, off time, open voltage and servo voltage. An orthogonal array, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, grey relational analysis, grey-fuzzy reasoning grade and analysis of variance were employed to study the performance characteristics in the WEDM process of Buderus 2379 ISO-B tool steel. Experimental results show that on time gives the highest contribution for reducing the total variation of the multiple responses, followed by off time, open voltage, servo voltage and arc on time. The optimum performance characteristics could be obtained by using the values of AN, ON, OFF, OV and SV of 1 A, 1 µs, 15 µs, 95 V and 55 V respectively.
Groove Overhang Impact on the Result of Surface Roughness on Vertical CNC Milling Process
Authors: Sujatmiko Agus , Hartono Moh , Purwanto R. Edy
Published: June 2016

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) vertical milling is a cutting tool of a work piece by giving CNC G-code program to the milling machine to give the chisel end mill perpendicular to the surface of the work piece. The distance between overhang tool and holder is usually not standard causing the end mill chisel experience minimum and maximum deflection during the cutting process. This research observed the cutting and measuring the surface roughness of the specimen made of BJ37 mild steel. It is of a square shape with a rectangular cross-section cutting parameters of overhang groove, vibration and feeding from the left, the middle, and the right surface. Measurement was done by testing the surface roughness under the conditions of changing the overhang groove, vibration, and small feeding. The observations result in smaller deflection and angle to obtain Ra = 1.64 μm average minimum level of roughness using 25mm overhang with the same feeding of 0.18mm/rev. Ra = 1.64 μm is classified into Group N7 smooth, compared to the use standard 35mm overhang which obtains Ra = 1.88 μm, Group N7 normal. The minimum level of roughness can be obtained due to the smaller feeding.
Simulation of Ironing Process for Bullet Case to Get Minimum Forming Force with Variation of Die Angle and Reduction Wall Thickness
Authors: Ali Mukhtar M. Nushron , Batan I. Made Londen , Pramujati Bambang , Pramono Agus Sigit
Published: June 2016

This study described how the ironing process to manufacture 20 mm caliber bullet case. For this purpose, the first step is analyzing the process parameters, and then calculates the forces needed to make the formation of bullet case. Through the analysis of the process it is known, that the ironing process parameters most influential to the magnitude of forming force are the die angle α and the reduction of the wall thickness. In this study a simulation is conducted to determine a minimum required of forming force until the process successful. That means the required bullet case accordance with the determined specifications and geometry. The material used for bullet case caliber 20 mm is brass Cu30% Zn 70% early-shaped cup with 33.5 mm outer diameter, 3 mm thick and 37 mm high. Based on material strength calculation, the ironing force is determined with value of 50.01 kN. By using this value the maximum allowable wall reduction thickness in the ironing process is 26.7%. The simulation is carried out using finite element method on a variety of die angle such as α = 5°, 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° respectively. The simulation results show that the shell cannot through the die on each angle die. Similarly, in variation of reduction by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, the ironing process is also unsuccessful. However, by load of 138 kN, in the 26.7% reduction and at die angle α=5°, the ironing process to produce cylinder is successfully. Similarly by the same of wall thickness reduction, with force of 148 kN and the die angle of 10°, the ironing process is also successfully to fulfill the bullet case with a specified geometry.
Thrust Force of Three Circular Windings of Conductor in Magnetic Field
Authors: Iswahyudi Sigit , Arnandi Wandi
Published: June 2016

An initial study of manipulated electric motor design to produce one axis thrust force without rotation was conducted. A cylindrical electromagnetic propulsion system has a diameter of 75 mm and a height of 90 mm made of ST 60 steel was tested. The system has a coil as conductor carrying current to produce thrust force and a coil to produce magnetic flux in its inner part. There were three windings of coils producing forces have effective diameter of 32 mm that were varied in their loops distance. The coil producing magnetic flux has 148 windings of 1 mm isolated cable on ferrite core. The thrust forces produced by the specimen were tested by measuring its weight change when one of or both of the coils were opened and/or closed circuit.
Anti-Plane Interaction of a Coated Circular Inclusion with a Crack Located in Matrix
Authors: Wikarta Alief
Published: June 2016

In this study, the interaction between a coated circular inclusion with an anti-plane crack located in matrix is considered. The solution procedures for solving this problem consist of two parts. In the first part, based on the method of analytical continuation in conjunction with the alternating technique, the complex potential functions of screw dislocation interacting with multi-layered composites are obtained. The second part consists of the derivation of logarithmic singular integral equations by introducing the complex potential functions of screw dislocation along the crack border together with superposition technique. The logarithmic singular integral equations is the solved numerically by modeling a crack in place of several segments. Linear interpolation formulae with undetermined coefficients are applied to approximate the dislocation distribution along the elements, except at vicinity of crack tip where the dislocation distribution preserves a square-root singularity. The stress intensity factors are then obtained numerically in terms of the values of the dislocation density functions of the logarithmic singular integral equations.
The Effect of Nitrogen on Flame Characteristics in Biogas External Premixed Combustion
Authors: Anggono Willyanto , Suprianto Fandi Dwiputra , Purnomo Kenny , Hartanto Tan Ivan , Wijaya Tubagus P.
Published: June 2016

Biogas contains more than 50% methane (CH4), is a renewable and eco-friendly fuel produced by bacterial action. Not only is biogas flammable but it also contains inhibitors like carbon dioxide and nitrogen, as well as small amounts of H2, O2, H2S and others. Several associated studies have been conducted in order to examine biogas combustion characteristics in external combustion and flame angle, flame height and dimensionless flame height are the important characteristics in external premixed combustion. This research’s aims were to discover the influences of N2 as it is the second most prevalent inhibitor in biogas by burning stoichiometric fuel mixtures (CH4 and N2 (0%-50% of fuel)) and oxygen in an experimental external premixed combustion burner whose nozzle tip diameter was 5 mm. The burner was connected to a hose from the oxygen tank and another hose from the fuel tank. Two regulators and flowmeters were placed on each tank to monitor the flow supplied to the mixer and burner. The valves were used to stop or open the fluid supply. The outcome flame propagation is then recorded by a high speed camera and then processed through a computer system. The results indicate that N2 influenced the flame angle, flame height and dimensionless flame height. The higher the N2 content inside the fuel, the shorter the flame height and the lower the dimensionless flame height. Moreover, increasing the N2 content created larger the flame angle.
Influence of Spring Ratio on Variable Stiffness and Damping Suspension System Performance
Authors: Wasiwitono Unggul , Pramono Agus Sigit , Sutantra I. Nyoman , Triwinarno Yunarko
Published: June 2016

The variable stiffness and damping (VSVD) suspension system offers an interesting option to improve driver comfort in an energy efficient way. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the spring ratio on the VSVD. The realization of the VSVD is obtained by the application of variable damping with magnetorheological (MR) damper. In this study, the nonlinear damping force characteristic of the MR damper is modeled with the Bouc-Wen model and the road disturbance is modeled by a stationary random process with road displacement power spectral density. It is shown from simulation that VSVD has a potential benefit in improving performance of vehicle suspension.
Morphology of Crown Tube Austenitic Stainless Steel TP316 HTF Failure
Authors: Kis Agustin Helena Carolina , Wijayanti Ika Dewi , Wibowo Rakhmat Satrio
Published: June 2016

High temperature operations of flares often give the serious problems to its crown tube. Especially the materials that used are stainless steel. The locations of disposal gas combustion at the crown become the primary aspect of flare operation. The macro structure of failed crown tube was found to have the fissure on its edge, which has the variation of appearances. The chance of materials to react with high temperature combustion contributes to the differences of tube crown color that failed. The former and the later appearances indicated the mode of failure. This paper observes the locations effect of disposal gas combustion to the failure of crown tube color and fissure mode. Visual examination was implemented to figure out the effect of the environment to the crown tube. SEM data also should be considered to convince the phases that came out from the interaction between crown tube and high temperature combustion. The difference of temper color of failure crown was found on the inner and outer surface. Unevenly heat source from the inner surface caused the ignition force from the inner surface of crown tube that led the initial deformation for the crown.
Metallography Investigation of Dry Corrosion Boiler Tube
Authors: Hariyadi Arif , Kis Agustin Helena Carolina , Wijayanti Ika Dewi
Published: June 2016

In-situ (on-site) metallography has been proven as a method to assess metallurgical condition of material without damaging the material (Non Destructive Testing). However in this case, in-situ metallography must be completed together with several analysis to prevent metallography misinterpretation. This paper also provides an overview of inspection technique continuity, together with result from in-situ (on-site) and laboratory analysis.Water wall tube in-situ metallography was conducted during periodic inspection of a 200 MW Steam Power Plant Boiler. It was found another phase beside ferrite and pearlite. The phase is in horizontal direction and suspected as micro crack, delta ferrite or retained austenite.The further investigation was carried out by performing laboratory analysis including: metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and hardness test.Result of the investigation showed that the phase was oxide as a corrosion product derived from tube surface and hot gas reaction during combustion. The oxide is identical as dry corrosion oxide, without liquid electrolyte. The oxide was only found on fireside tube surface. It also can be described that the fireside tube was over exposed to high temperature as shown the change lamellar pearlite to globular spheroidized pearlite.
Effect of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Shear Strength of Adhesively Bonded Steel Joints in Wet Environment
Authors: Sugiman  , Akbar Ilham , Sulistyowati Emmy Dyah , Setyawan Paryanto Dwi
Published: June 2016

The paper presents the static strength of adhesively bonded steel joints aged in deionized water at a temperature of 60°C for 15 days at various adhesive thicknesses from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. Water uptake and the bulk adhesive tensile properties after aged in the same environment as the joints were also presented. It has been shown that water diffusion into the adhesive is non Fickian. The absorbed water in the adhesive significantly decreases the mechanical properties and it affects the static strength of the bonded steel joints. The effect of water is shown to be significant when the adhesive thickness is thicker than 0.2 mm as the static strength decreases sharply. This information is useful when designing the adhesive joints using thick adhesive layer exposed in moist environment.
Utilization of Biodynamic Models of Human Body in Dynamic Analysis of Footbridges
Authors: Sana Vladimír
Published: June 2016

The submitted paper deals with a dynamic analysis of the footbridge, which has been exposed to the effects of vandalism and crossing pedestrians. The loading produced by pedestrians was considered for two typical states. Firstly, the analysis was aimed at the ordinary traffic where pedestrians were discretized by the SDOF damped biodynamic models and secondly, the movement of single pedestrian, which was based on the inverted pendulum and biodynamic properties of human body, was evaluated. The jumping vandals were replaced by the motion of SDOF undamped biodynamic model. The calculations have been done at the computational model of the real footbridge across Opatovska Street in Prague.
Initial Experimental Test of the Port Bridge for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Venglar Michal , Sokol Milan , Aroch Rudolf , Budaj Jan
Published: June 2016

The Port Bridge across Danube in Bratislava is about 461 m long with 4 spans. The bridge was designed for both a highway and simultaneously for two railway tracks. Nowadays the construction is overloaded and that is why the structural health monitoring of the bridge is being developed. The test setup consists of two measuring polygons. This setup needed an original LabVIEW program, which has been developed in cooperation with experts – electrical engineers and experts on structural mechanics. Main problem was to achieve a synchronization of both measuring polygons connected by Wi-Fi antennas. Except of software difficulties there were complications during in-situ measurement, like cable connection between highway and railway level and especially the time synchronization of the traffic video and measurement. The measurement has been done and some eigenmodes have been identified from ambient data.
Parameters of Acoustic Emission Signals Obtained During the Setting and Hardening of Concrete Mixtures with Different Water-Cement Ratio
Authors: Topolář Libor , Timcakova Kristýna , Misák Petr , Pazdera Lubos
Published: June 2016

Concrete hardening and setting processes are the most critical phases during construction work, influencing the properties of concrete structure. For this reason applying non-destructive testing in the early age of concrete lifetime can be useful. Acoustic emission method is a powerful tool for determination of lifetime concrete structures. Nevertheless, its application in civil engineering area is not easy because many building structures are inhomogeneous. This method can describe material changes during concrete lifetime. Acoustic Emission Method monitors concrete structure continuously. Changes in the whole concrete structure are recorded. The acoustic emission phenomenon is directly associated with nucleation of cracks in building materials, therefore the changes result from the volumetric expansion causing formation micro and macro cracking in structure, which we can recognize. Application of Acoustic Emission Method during concrete hardening and setting with different water-cement ratio will be the aim of this article and his influence on parameters of acoustic emission. A comprehension of microstructure-performance relationships is the key to true understanding of material behaviour.
From Fracture Experiments to Advanced Design and Assessment of Precast Structural Members
Authors: Novák Drahomír , Lehký David , Slowik Ondrej , Řoutil Ladislav
Published: June 2016

An objective reliability analysis of structural members made of advanced cementitious composites must be based on good knowledge of stochastic properties of individual mechanical fracture parameters of utilized material models. The article presents a comprehensive approach to the design and assessment of precast structural elements including: The series of fracture tests of the two concrete mixtures with various ages in two configurations (three point bending and wedge splitting test, subsequent identification of material parameters using effective crack model, work of fracture method and artificial neural networks, execution of destructive tests of scaled structural members and creation of deterministic models of these tests using collected data. In subsequent phases of the project reliability analysis of tested beams will be carried out in order to obtain stochastic parameters of structural response of prestressed elements to shear load. The obtained data will be used to calibrate the analytical equation describing the response of element exposed to both normal and shear forces. The entire process will be concluded by reliability-based optimization of manufactured components.
Numerical Fracture Analysis of Foamed Concrete Beam Using XFEM Method
Authors: Kozlowski Marcin , Kadela Marta , Gwozdz-Lason Monika
Published: June 2016

The paper presents results of numerical investigation of fracture behaviour of initially notched beams made of foamed concrete. Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was used to simulate the damage and fracture process of the beams subjected to three-point bending. Subsequently, the numerical models were validated by a series of static loading tests. Numerical models simulate correctly the fracture behaviour of beams observed during testing. XFEM method and computer simulation technologies allow for reliable approximation of load–bearing capacity and damage mechanisms of beams made of foamed concrete, which provides some foundations for realistic structural applications.
Three-Point Bending Test Evaluation of Concrete Specimens by Non-Traditional Analysis of Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Pazdera Lubos , Topolář Libor , Vymazal Tomáš , Daněk Petr , Smutny Jaroslav
Published: June 2016

The aim of the paper is focused on the analysis of the mechanical properties of the concrete specimens with plasticizer at three point bending test by the signal analysis of the acoustic emission signal. The evaluations were compared the measurement and the results obtained with theoretical presumptions. The Joint Time Frequency Analysis applied on measurement data and its evaluation is described. It is well known that the Acoustic Emission Method is a very sensitive method to determine active cracks into structure. However, evaluation of acoustic emission signals is very difficult. A non-traditional method was used to signal analysis of burst acoustic emission signals recorded during three point bending test.
The Influence of the Wind Flow Around the Free Ends of High-Rise Building on the Values of External Wind Pressure Coefficients
Authors: Hubova Olga , Konecna Lenka
Published: June 2016

The external wind pressure coefficients are based on the measurements on the structures without free-end flow near the top of vertical structures. The end-effect factor takes into account reduction of the pressures due to specific flow around the top of atypical building. The article is based on the experimental measurements in BLWT tunnel in Bratislava on the model of building with cross section of the quarter circle. The model was tested in two spaces - in steady and turbulent wind flow, by changing of wind direction and wind velocity. The end-effect factor depending on the wind direction is shown in the graphs.
Concrete Carbonation Monitoring by Nonlinear Ultrasonic Spectroscopy
Authors: Matysík Michal , Timcakova Kristýna
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of using the nonlinear ultrasonic spectroscopy with a single exciting harmonic frequency for concrete carbonation monitoring. Carbonation of concrete is related with the corrosion of steel reinforcement and with carbonation shrinkage. Due to the conditions in the laboratory were as close as possible to practical terms, we used reinforced concrete samples. For the research, the concrete beams with one standard reinforcing bar passing through the centre of the sample were made. Prepared samples were exposed to an atmosphere with increased carbon dioxide content. The measurements using the nonlinear ultrasonic spectroscopy with a single exciting harmonic frequency were realized before and after carbonation of concrete.
Analysis of Bearing Systems of Tower Blocks
Authors: Meri David , Ivankova Olga
Published: June 2016

The subject of this article is static and dynamic analysis of a tall residential building. The static part is focused on the analysis of the structure loaded by horizontal forces acting due to the effect of wind and by vertical forces of the structure`s own weight and other vertical loads. Dynamic analysis represents the behavior of the structure during seismic event and dynamic characteristics of the structure.
Historical Covered Timber Bridge in Gelnica near Station
Authors: Balaz Ivan , Kamenicka Zuzana , Kolekova Yvona
Published: June 2016

Description of historical covered bridge over Hnilec river so called bottom bridge in Gelnica near the station. History of the bridge. Way of construction of the bridge. Its structural system. Photographs of the bridge and its details. Scheme of the bridge.
A New Elasto-Plastic Critical State Model RU+MCC for Overconsolidated Soil
Authors: Uliniarz Rafal
Published: June 2016

The paper presents a reasonably advanced constitutive law for soil – a hybrid of the Modified Cam Clay and a new RU development. The Modified Cam Clay model is an isotropic hardening elasto – plastic model originated by Burland in 1967 [1] within the critical state soil mechanics. This model describes realistically mechanical soil behaviour in normal consolidation states. The other one is designed to ensure more adequate soil responses to reloading paths, particularly in the range of small strains. The RU+MCC model has been implemented in the FEM computer code Z_SOIL.pc. To test the influence of the small strain nonlinearity on soil – structure interaction as well as to exhibit the ability of the proposed model to simulate realistically this effect, a comparative study based on the FEM solution has been carried out. As a benchmark a trial loading test of strip footing was used.
An Experiment Focused on Fans Behaviour and Induced Grandstand Vibrations during a Football Match
Authors: Verner Martin , Plachy Tomáš , Polak Michal
Published: June 2016

The sport fans behaviour has changed in recent decades, especially on football and ice hockey stadiums in the Czech Republic. Currently the fans more support their sport teams with more intensive cheering like as jumping or swaying. The main results of an experimental analysis that was focused on fans behaviour and simultaneously on the induced vibrations of a selected cantilever grandstand sector during a football match are mentioned in the paper. The actual types of fans cheering, the changes in fans behaviour during the match, relative proportion of active and passive spectators, the features and the levels of grandstand vibrations were investigated in detail.
Distribution of Forces in Reinforcing Bars in Slab-Column Connections of RC Structures
Authors: Wieczorek Barbara
Published: June 2016

The article deals with the analysis of the problem of the load-bearing capacity of reinforcing bars placed above the columns in slab-column connections of reinforced concrete structures. Failure of the support zone by punching and lack of proper structural integrity reinforcement can lead to a progressive collapse. The EC2 standard guidelines recommend the use of integrity reinforcement, however, they lack any instructions concerning the amount of necessary reinforcement. The article presents a theoretical calculation model that permits a more detailed analysis of internal forces in reinforcing bars located directly above the column. Adopting a solution in the form of exact equations makes it possible to take into account the influence of a non-linear change of the bar stiffness and considerable deflections. The calculation model is based on the results of experimental investigations. On the basis of a theoretical model it is possible to estimate the tensile force of the bar at which the bars located directly in the support zone are ruptured.
A Network QoS Aware Service Ranking Using Hybrid AHP-PROMETHEE Method in Multi-Cloud Domain
Authors: Bhushan S.Bharath , Pradeep Reddy C.H.
Published: June 2016

Cloud computing is evolving as a realization of SoA in which IT resources are offered as services on a pay-as-you-go basis. But several functionally equivalent services are discovered, because of the exponential growth in the number of cloud providers and services. The best service can be selected by ranking all the discovered services using their network and other non-network QoS parameters, which is formulated as MCDM problem. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid approach for MCDM problem that contains AHP and PROMETHEE. AHP is used to investigate the structure of the service ranking problem and to determine the weights of the QoS criteria, and PROMETHEE method is applied for the final ranking. The results of evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid method, and furthermore show the impact of network QoS parameters in the final service ranking.
Analysis of Water Purification Efficiency of Graphene Sand Nanocomposite
Authors: Rahman Shafeeq , Praseetha P.K.
Published: June 2016

Graphene oxides are known for their affinity towards ionic components. Hence this property could be utilized to remove the impurities present in water molecules. Moreover, Graphene oxides are popular for their antimicrobial and disinfective properties. Graphene nanocomposite was prepared with reduced sugar and sand mixture at nitrogen atmospheres at 200o C and was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDAX, UV- Visible spectroscopy and Raman’s spectroscopic techniques. Two different water mixtures were used for the purification purpose- ie., sewage and soft drink concentrate (Coca Cola). Graphene Sand Composite (GSC) was loaded for purification at different weight percentage compositions such as 1%, 3% and 5%. Water mixtures were analyzed for their chemical and physical properties before and after treatment with graphene nanocomposite. The microbiological load before and after treatment with the composite was also analyzed. All the characterization shows the presence of graphene functionalities, carbon functionalities, and other elements present in the GSC. The physical, chemical and microbial examination of purified coca cola and sewage water matches the features of pure water with less impurities and absence of pathogen. The current study reveals the importance of water purification application using GSC and the measurement of water purification efficiency with conventional techniques.