bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Rated Health Among Students of Health Sciences In Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Šiljak Slađana , Stojanović-Bjelić Ljiljana , Nešković Markić Dragana
Published: February 2025

Self-rated health is associated with health behaviour and socio-demographic and socio-economic conditions on the way that health risks and poor socio-economic status determine poor self-rated health. The aim of the study was to determine self-rated health among students, perceive health behaviour risk and association with socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of students. Methods: Study is conducted as a cross-sectional study among students of health sciences in autumn semester 2022. Year. Specially designed questionnaire was constructed based on international guidelines. Anonymously filling out an on line formed questionnaire by voluntary singing on university web site. Results: More than three quarter of students perceived their health as a good and no one perceived health as a poor. Most students perceived their health as good (83,2%), mainly students with a technical background and those who are living in good socio-economic conditions (89,0%) (p0,05). The most frequent health risks among students are lack of physical activity (44,5%) and less than six hours for sleep and rest (43,8%). More than a third of students perceived fear, nervousness and tension (34,3%), a lack of time for friendship and family (33,6%) and irregular diet (31,4%). Every seventh student perceived overweight and obesity. Students who are living in poor socio-economic conditions perceived more health risks as well as those who don’t have medical background and who are employed. More students in urban area perceived mental problems than those in rural areas. Conclusion: Students are mainly perceived their health as a good and have health risks which will be reduced through health promotion in university educational programmes.
Importance Analysis of Causative Nodes for Accident Chains of Railway Locomotive Operation Based on STPA-PageRank Method
Authors: WAN Ping , YANG Wei-Lun , LUO Jie-Wen , MA Xiao-Feng
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, in terms of complex and random incidents for locomotive operation, the prevention and control for every tiny and possible influencing factor is not only costly, but also brings great psychological burden to locomotive drivers. Firstly, 68 sets of data of railway locomotive operation accidents happened in recent two years were collected and compiled. Secondly, the system theory process analysis (STPA) method was adopted to extract 68 accident chains based on those data. Then, the complex network theory and PageRank algorithm were utilised to calculate the importance of every node in directed-weighted network formed by those accident chains. The results showed that the importance of human factors is significantly higher than other layers including environment, facility and management. Especially, no effective control behaviour (H7) and false control behaviour (H10) are the top two important causative nodes among all human factors. Besides, being forced to stop (D39) and overrunning of signal (D42) are the top two important causative nodes among unsafe events. For those nodes with high value of PageRank, some targeted security measures should be adopted, so as to save risk management investment and improve the overall safety level of the locomotive operation system.
Quantifying the Volume of Particulate Matter at Bus Stations
Authors: ŠARKAN Branislav , LOMAN Michal , STOPKA Ondrej , CABAN Jacek , MAŁEK Arkadiusz
Published: February 2025

Congested urban traffic substantially contributes to air pollution in cities. While waiting at bus stops, passengers may be exposed to increased contamination caused by vehicles, including particulate matter (PM). The modern bus stop layout, position and design ignore air quality and allow excessive exposure to pollution. Particulate matter seriously harms the environment, threatening human health and severely damaging all living organisms. The research purpose is to monitor particle emissions at the bus station in the city of Žilina (Slovakia), amassing data on exhaust emissions released from buses at the station premises. As moving or running-engine vehicles incessantly produce atmospheric emissions, we measure air quality during peak hours at the bus station. The results indicate a direct interconnection between passing vehicles and produced particle emissions, when multiple times higher emission levels are revealed. During the morning rush hour, the particulate matter exceeded 360% for PM2.5 and 420% for PM10. The research showed PM released directly from the buses tends to accumulate in covered premises of the bus station, severely damaging the health of passengers and staff. Our study warns about possible risks of deteriorating human health as waiting passengers unknowingly inhale contaminated particles. Our results indicate the largest emission producers and suggest remedial measures.
Translatome analysis reveals cellular network in DLK-dependent hippocampal glutamatergic neuron degeneration
Authors: Ritchie Erin M , Acar Dilan , Zhong Siming , Pu Qianyi , Li Yunbo , Zheng Binhai , Jin Yishi
Published: February 2025

The conserved MAP3K12/Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) plays versatile roles in neuronal development, axon injury and stress responses, and neurodegeneration, depending on cell-type and cellular contexts. Emerging evidence implicates abnormal DLK signaling in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, our understanding of the DLK-dependent gene network in the central nervous system remains limited. Here, we investigated the roles of DLK in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons using conditional knockout and induced overexpression mice. We found that dorsal CA1 and dentate gyrus neurons are vulnerable to elevated expression of DLK, while CA3 neurons appear less vulnerable. We identified the DLK-dependent translatome that includes conserved molecular signatures and displays cell-type specificity. Increasing DLK signaling is associated with disruptions to microtubules, potentially involving STMN4. Additionally, primary cultured hippocampal neurons expressing different levels of DLK show altered neurite outgrowth, axon specification, and synapse formation. The identification of translational targets of DLK in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons has relevance to our understanding of selective neuron vulnerability under stress and pathological conditions.
Conformational changes, excess area, and elasticity of the Piezo protein-membrane nanodome from coarse-grained and atomistic simulations
Authors: Dixit Sneha , Noé Frank , Weikl Thomas R
Published: February 2025

The mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo 1 and 2 induce a curved protein-membrane nanodome that flattens with increasing membrane tension γ. The tension-induced flattening of the nanodome is associated with Piezo activation and driven by the energy γΔ
A
where Δ
A
is the excess area of the curved nanodome relative to its planar projected area. Based on extensive coarse-grained and atomistic simulations of membrane-embedded Piezo 1 and 2 proteins, we report here an an excess area Δ
A
for the Piezo protein-membrane nanodome of about 40 nm
2
in tensionless membranes, and a half-maximal reduction of Δ
A
at tension values of about 3 to 4 mN/m, which is within the range of experimentally determined values for the half-maximal activation of Piezo 1. In line with recent experimental investigations of Piezo proteins in cell membranes and membrane vesicles, the membrane-embedded Piezo proteins adopt conformations in our simulations that are significantly less curved than the protein conformation in the detergent micelles of cryo-EM structures. An elasticity analysis of the nanodome shapes and protein conformations obtained from our simulations leads to an elastic model for Piezo activation that distinguishes the different energy components of the protein and the membrane in the tension-induced flattening of the nanodome.
A delta-tubulin/epsilon-tubulin/Ted protein complex is required for centriole architecture
Authors: Pudlowski Rachel , Xu Lingyi , Milenkovic Ljiljana , Kumar Chandan , Hemsworth Katherine , Aqrabawi Zayd , Stearns Tim , Wang Jennifer T
Published: February 2025

Centrioles have a unique, conserved architecture formed by three linked “triplet” microtubules arranged in nine-fold symmetry. The mechanisms by which these triplet microtubules are formed are not understood and likely involve the noncanonical tubulins delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin. Previously, we found that human cells deficient in delta-tubulin or epsilon-tubulin form abnormal centrioles, characterized by an absence of triplet microtubules, lack of central core protein POC5, and a futile cycle of centriole formation and disintegration (Wang et al., 2017). Here, we show that human cells lacking either of the associated proteins TEDC1 and TEDC2 have these same phenotypes. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we find that mutant centrioles elongate to the same length as control centrioles in G2-phase. These mutants fail to recruit inner scaffold proteins of the central core and have an expanded proximal region. During mitosis, the mutant centrioles elongate further before fragmenting and disintegrating. All four proteins physically interact and TEDC1 and TEDC2 are capable forming a subcomplex in the absence of the tubulins. These results support an AlphaFold Multimer model of the tetramer in which delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin are predicted to form a heterodimer. TEDC1 and TEDC2 localize to centrosomes and are mutually dependent on each other and on delta-tubulin and epsilon-tubulin for localization. Our results demonstrate that delta-tubulin, epsilon-tubulin, TEDC1, and TEDC2 function together to promote robust centriole architecture. This work also lays the groundwork for future molecular studies of this complex, providing a basis for determining the mechanisms that underlie the assembly and interplay between the triplet microtubules and inner centriole structure.
Catholic Nobles and the Elizabethan State, 1558–1588
Authors: Hammond Wilfred
Published: February 2025

A vivid exploration of how Catholicism endured far longer into the Elizabethan era and continued to shape the very identity of early modern England.

This compelling study delves into the complexities of religious and political power during Elizabeth I's reign, presenting a further, important challenge to the traditional narratives of a swift and uncontested Protestant triumph. Here, Wilfred Hammond explores why Catholic aristocrats, despite wielding significant regional power and Court influence, failed to block or reverse the emerging religious revolution.

Focusing on the Stanley earls of Derby, the dominant noble family in Lancashire - a county described by the Elizabethan government as "the very sink of popery" - the author reconstructs their role in obstructing Protestant reform. Using the State and Cecil Papers, as well as foreign ambassadorial reports , the study re-evaluates the Stuart party-building efforts of Lady Margaret Douglas and Mary, Queen of Scots. Hammond re-examines the context of the papal bull of deposition, and uncovers the Stanley-Gerard conspiracy of 1570 with its links to the Ridolfi Plot.

This richly detailed analysis of the Stanleys positions them at the heart of a network of nobles, including the Percies and Nevilles, who were opposed to the religious change presented by Protestantism. As such, this vibrant case-study unfolds to offer fresh insights into the slow, fraught transformation of England's religious landscape during one of its most turbulent periods.
An Innovative Physician and Scientist in Britain and British India
Authors: MacGillivray Neil
Published: February 2025

Through an examination of the life and remarkable achievements of Sir William Brooke O'Shaughnessy, this book reveals a great deal about both medical and scientific innovation in the nineteenth century and the circumstances in which innovation came about.

It traces O'Shaughnessy's career. At the age of twenty-three in 1831 he identified the physiological cause of death from cholera and recommended intravenous saline as the cure in the face of the contemporary medical belief in bloodletting. In 1833 as an Assistant Surgeon of the East India Company, and later as Professor of Chemistry in the new Calcutta Medical School, he saw the possibilities of native plants and studied several. These included cannabis, about which he published a detailed analysis which led to the introduction of cannabis as a pharmaceutical product in the West, a use which continued until the mid-twentieth century.

Later he pioneered telegraphy, first with an experimental line in Calcutta and then, as superintendent of Indian Telegraphs, he supervised the successful construction of several thousand miles of telegraph across India, thereby enabling closer control of India by the colonial power. Throughout, besides giving details of O'Shaughnessy's personal life, the book sets his work and achievements in their wider context.
Brahms Patriotic and Political
Authors: Brodbeck David
Published: February 2025

Offers a historical context in which to understand how Brahms's three most intensely political and nationalistic works interact with questions of German patriotism, liberalism and nationalism.

Johannes Brahms rarely composed music that engaged the national-political issues of the day. Three of his works, though, do precisely this: the Fünf Lieder für Männerchor; the Triumphlied for eight-part chorus and orchestra; and the Fest- und Gedenksprüche for eight-part chorus a cappella. In Brahms Patriotic and Political, David Brodbeck challenges notions that Brahms's political music evinces embarrassing anticipations of later Prussian militarism and German chauvinism. Instead, he provides a thick historical context in which to read these works and offers a more nuanced understanding of the intersections of Brahms's music and questions of German patriotism, liberalism, and nationalism than has been customary in the field of historical musicology.

In particular, Brodbeck relates the Männerchor-Lieder to the debate over how and in what form a German nation-state might be achieved; he relates the Triumphlied to the euphoria but also the solemnity that attended the foundation of the German Reich; and he relates the Fest- und Gedenksprüche to the necessary work of instilling in the diverse German people a genuine sense of national belonging. At the same time, he traces Brahms's changing attitude toward Otto von Bismarck, the "Blacksmith of the Reich," whom he originally loathed but, in time, came to venerate.
Brahms Patriotic and Political will appeal to readers with interests in both nineteenth-century German music and Central European history.
In the Realm of Tones
Authors: Shawn Allen
Published: February 2025

A poignant, compelling and clear-eyed memoir of a life in music, with the dogged pursuit of composing at its center.Perhaps no art form has ever splintered into as many factions, genres, languages, philosophies, and mutually exclusive audiences as the art of music did in the mid-twentieth century.
Allen Shawn's memoir fascinatingly evokes this tumultuous time, while weaving together his art and his life, hinting at their unexpected and sometimes paradoxical interconnections.
Shawn grew up in an atmosphere of cultural privilege in New York City, the son of New Yorker editor William Shawn. An instinctive composing prodigy at age ten, it took him until the age of thirty to compose music he was proud of.

Shawn sketches his childhood and long apprenticeship, his experiences composing for theater, dance, and concert hall, his forty years as a teacher at Bennington College, and his unexpected emergence as a writer. The book balances an account of his musical evolution, ups and downs, and life choices, offering glimpses into family life and of the many people with whom he interacted, including Leon Kirchner, Earl Kim, Nadia Boulanger, Pierre Petit, Jacques-Louis Monod, J. D. Salinger, John Updike, Benny Goodman, Louis Malle, and Vivian Fine.
Along the way, Shawn offers reflections on such issues as social class, aging, loneliness, politics, and music education. In The Realm of Tones: A Composer's Memoir is a unique and touching account of one individual's internal search for self-expression and self-understanding, and of his effort to construct a life around it.
Avaliação de satisfação de prestação de serviços à saúde na unidade de pronto atendimento de Gurupi - TO
Authors: Takada Heloísa Philipino , Pereira Lucas Jordão de Souza , Takada Jacqueline Aparecida Philipino , Reis Geovane Rossone , Alves Rafaela de Carvalho , Rodrigues Elizângela Sofia Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

As Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA’s) inserem-se no nível intermediário de atendimento à saúde, entre as Unidades Básicas de Saúde e as unidades hospitalares. Configurando-se como uma unidade pré-hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Essas possuem por objetivo serem resolutivas momentaneamente na sintomatologia da população e por terem competência em atender urgências e emergências do município, mas são afetadas por fatores internos de gestão e externos, como a superlotação diária de pacientes, o que afeta diretamente nas percepções dos usuários assistidos. Logo, busca-se avaliar a qualidade do atendimento à saúde ofertado no sistema público direcionado à urgências. Visto isso, realizou-se estudo descritivo de natureza quali-quantitativa dos dados com análise quantitativa das respostas através de questionário online semiestruturado anexado em plataforma Forms.Office, feita posterior análise de dados por elaboração de tabelas de contingência e comparação de frequências de respostas por utilização do software Bioestat 5.3, aplicando Teste Qui Quadrado. Obteve-se 381 voluntários, entre eles pacientes atendidos na unidade e acompanhantes ou responsáveis legais de pacientes, em sua maioria apresentando entre 19 e 59 anos de idade. Viu-se que a unidade demonstra agilidade no atendimento, os voluntários se mostram satisfeitos com o tempo de espera, no entanto, a avaliação da unidade revela uma paisagem complexa de percepções, onde avaliações medianas predominan e coexistem com uma taxa significativa de insatisfação. Essa dualidade aponta diversidade das experiências dos usuários e sinaliza a urgência de uma análise detalhada para elucidar os fatores que contribuem para o contexto de qualidade da unidade.
Efficacy of 5 µg and 10 µg Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to 3 mL 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Pelvic and Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Mehta Jigisha Bharatbhai , Patel Shreya Jatin , Shah Nilesh Vrajmohan , Chauhan Dinesh K , Thomas Sara Mary
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Low-dose bupivacaine used in spinal anaesthesia results in speedy recovery. For lower limb orthopaedic surgeries, to provide sufficient anaesthesia and prolong postoperative analgesia in a less cumbersome way, author can add potent adjuvants like dexmedetomidine (an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist) in effective and safer doses intrathecally.

Aim: To compare the effects of intrathecal 5 µg dexmedetomidine versus 10 µg dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in pelvic and lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.

Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical and singleblind study study was conducted at the Operation Theatre (OT) complex of Dheeraj Hospital, SBKS, and MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India in the Department of Anaesthesia over a period of 18 months, from September 2022 to March 2024 and total of 82 patients scheduled for lower limb and pelvic orthopaedic surgery who were to receive spinal anaesthesia were divided into Group D1 and D2. Group D1 (n=41) received 3 mL of bupivacaine (0.5% heavy) with 5 µg dexmedetomidine, totaling 3.1 mL, while group D2 (n=41) received 3 mL of bupivacaine (0.5% heavy) with 10 µg dexmedetomidine, also totaling 3.1 mL intrathecally. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, as well as the duration of analgesia, were noted, along with the monitoring of haemodynamic parameters and any side effects. All observed data were analysed using statistical tests such as the unpaired t-test and Chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Demographic data were comparable in both groups and were non significant (p-value >0.05). The onset of sensory block was earlier in group D2 (2.01±0.12 min) than in group D1 (2.87±0.36 min) (p-value <0.05). The onset of motor block was also earlier in group D2 (2.63±0.26 min) compared to group D1 (3.36±0.43 min). The duration of sensory block was longer in group D2 (457.46±32.85 min) than in group D1 (318.02±32.27 min). The duration of motor block was also longer in group D2 (396.17±36.13 min) than in group D1 (257.37±25.02 min) (p-value <0.05). The duration of analgesia and the time until the need for the first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in group D2 (364.29±43.64 min) compared to group D1 (219.51±23.39 min).

Conclusion: Intrathecal bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 10 µg results in an earlier onset and longer duration of sensory and motor block compared to a dose of 5 µg. The duration of postoperative analgesia was longer, and the time until the need for the first rescue analgesia was extended with the 10 µg dosage. No significant side effects were observed in either group.
Adaptive Search Algorithms: A Comprehensive Overview and Emerging Optimization Trends
Authors: Ali Shahwan Younis , Mahmood Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Adaptive search algorithms have emerged as pivotal tools for addressing complex, high-dimensional, and nonlinear challenges across various domains. This paper provides a detailed review of adaptive search techniques, including evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence methods, and cutting-edge hybrid models, with a unique contribution of a systematic comparison that showcases quantifiable improvements—up to 50% reduction in computational overhead and a 30% increase in solution accuracy across diverse benchmarks. It delves into key methodologies such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and differential evolution, highlighting recent breakthroughs in adaptive parameter tuning and multi-objective optimization frameworks. The research emphasizes significant advancements in practical applications like machine learning, engineering design, and logistics, where these algorithms have improved the balance between exploration and exploitation for more optimal outcomes. Furthermore, emerging trends such as bio-inspired models and the integration of reinforcement learning and quantum-enhanced optimization are discussed, promising to reshape the adaptive search landscape by equipping it with sophisticated tools to manage the growing complexity of optimization challenges. This paper aims to map the current state and guide future directions of adaptive search algorithms, fostering the development of more robust, efficient, and adaptable optimization strategies essential for ongoing academic and practical innovations.
Impact of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors on the Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Mangroves in the Grand-Bassam Wetland, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Romaric Goné Aristide , Jean-Marc Zaouri Bi Gala , Vital Guillet Troh Alex
Published: February 2025

Background: Mangroves in Côte d'Ivoire, particularly in the Grand-Bassam Ramsar Wetland (GBRW), are seriously threatened by human activities and climate change. Since 1989, these pressures have considerably reduced their area, increasing the risk of coastal erosion and flooding.
Aim: This thesis examines the spatiotemporal evolution of Ivorian mangroves under the effect of climate change, focusing on the changes that occurred between 1989 and 2024.
Methodology: The study relies on remote sensing techniques, such as Landsat satellite image classification and the Land Cover Modeler (LCM) module to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of mangroves. In addition, socio-economic surveys were conducted among local populations, making it possible to identify the causes and consequences of these transformations. Finally, the collection of physicochemical data on mangrove waters to assess their state under the effect of climate change. The methodology used allows for anticipating actions for better mangrove management, as it enabled us to estimate the area lost over the past 35 years and the risks faced by this area.
Results: The results obtained show a 65.55% decrease in mangrovy cover between 1989 and 2024. Climate factors, such as sea level rise (estimated at +18 cm by 2050), play a major role in this degradation. At the same time, the demand for firewood and urbanization have contributed to unsustainable exploitation of mangrove resources.
Conclusion: Despite conservation efforts, the lack of concrete restoration projects has slowed down attempts at resilience.
Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Leprosy and Outcome of New Cases between 2012 and 2022: A Study in Brazil
Authors: Miranda Lucas de Sousa , Magalhães Gleicy Evellyn Amorim , Santos Jhennifer Pereira dos , Araújo Maísa Barroso de , Santos Sabrina Dias dos , Lobato Werllison Mateus Silva , Corrêa Perla Katheleen Valente , Ruivo Barbara Alves Ruela de Azevedo , El – Husny Claudia Ozela , Silva Fabiane Oliveira da , Vergueiro Mauro Victor Brabo , Rego Larissa Karem Santos , Chaves Nayara do Socorro Souza , Sousa Yasmin Martins de , Sardinha Daniele Melo , Sousa Bruna Rafaela da Silva
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study aims to determine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of new leprosy cases in Brazil between 2012 and 2022.
Study Design: Analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical profile of leprosy in the regions of Brazil and the evolution of new cases between 2012 and 2022.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Brazil from 2012 to 2022, using real-world data from epidemiological surveillance.
Methodology: This is an ecological, quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study.  Ecological study research compares the occurrence of the disease/health-related condition and the exposure of interest among aggregates of individuals (populations of countries, regions or municipalities, for example) in order to verify the possible existence of an association between them.
Results: The heterogeneity of new cases of the disease was observed, with significant variations between the regions investigated. There was a predominance in all regions of multibacillary cases in men (44.12%), aged between 20 and 59 years (65.08%), brown individuals, the latter, however, with a higher incidence in the North and Northeast regions. There was a predominance of grade zero disability (57%), although there were significant figures for grades I (23.61%) and II (7.55%) between the regions. With regard to the type of outcome, in all regions there were significant figures for cure (73.46%). The rates of death and misdiagnosis were relatively low, but there was a high dropout rate, especially for the multibacillary form (80.78%).
Conclusion: The low level of schooling was shown to be a factor related to the different proportions of operational forms of leprosy cases between the five regions, especially the poorest and those with the highest incidence.
Improving Image Matching Between Digital Twin and Real-World Using Cross-Domain Geo-Localization Techniques
Authors: Yang Soorim , Kim Youngshin , Choi Kanghoon , Kim Sangyun
Published: February 2025

Digital twins, as virtual replicas of real-world entities, have gained attention for their ability to synchronize with reality and facilitate simulations. However, inherent differences between digital twin and real-world datasets challenge traditional image-based matching methods. This paper evaluates the performance of cross-domain image geo-localization methods applied to digital twins and the real world, focusing on visual and semantic feature matching. Experimental results show that both methods perform well, with semantic feature matching outperforming visual feature matching, indicating its advantage in handling differing visual characteristics between domains. These findings confirm the potential of semantic feature matching for effective cross-domain matching between digital twins and the real world.
Analysis of the Applicability of Blind Beamforming Techniques using Deep Neural Network to Defense Systems
Authors: Lim Jaehyuk , Yoo Hogeun , Lee Euihyuk , Oh Sunjin , Kim Sungkwon , Jeong Daekyo , Lee Jaehoon
Published: February 2025

This paper compares the performance of deep neural networks(DNN) applied to antenna arrays with different element counts(8, 16, 32). The DNNs were designed using fully connected(FC) layers, comprising input, hidden, and output layers. Each hidden layer includes a single FC layer and a rectified linear unit(ReLU) activation function. Results indicate that blind beamforming with DNNs performs well with fewer elements but degrades as the number of elements increases due to increased nonlinearity, complicating training. State-of-the-art defense radar systems require many array elements, making current research insufficient. To effectively apply DNN-based blind beamforming to these large arrays, further research is needed to address the signal-to-interference noise ratio(SINR) performance degradation associated with larger array elements.
Study on Reliability of Lead-free mixed BGA Soldering Process for Application of Space-grade PBA
Authors: Hong Yeongmin , Kwak Mungwan , Jeon Suhyeon
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of staking and underfilling for mounting PBGA(Plastic Ball Grid Array) packaged components on satellites. With the goal of developing a process that complies with ECSS (European Cooperation for Space Standardization) standards, the effect of staking and underfilling was analyzed in terms of vibration and thermal properties, and actual test specimens were fabricated and verified. After the environmental test, microsections were performed to confirm whether cracks had actually occurred, and the rate of change in resistance value was confirmed and compared with the analysis results.
Denial—Artificial Intelligence Tools and Health Insurance Coverage Decisions
Authors: Mello Michelle M. , Rose Sherri
Published: March 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the potential and the pitfalls in the use of artificial intelligence in the coverage decisions made by health insurance companies.
Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With New-Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Herrmann Florian E. M. , Taha Amar , Nielsen Susanne J. , Martinsson Andreas , Hansson Emma C. , Juchem Gerd , Jeppsson Anders
Published: March 2024

Importance

New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurs in approximately 30% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It is unknown whether early recurrence is associated with worse outcomes.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that early AF recurrence in patients with POAF after CABG is associated with worse outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This Swedish nationwide cohort study used prospectively collected data from the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) registry and 3 other mandatory national registries. The study included patients who underwent isolated first-time CABG between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2020, and developed POAF. Data analysis was performed between March 6 and September 16, 2023.

Exposure

Early AF recurrence defined as an episode of AF leading to hospital care within 3 months after discharge.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke, any thromboembolism, heart failure hospitalization, and major bleeding within 2 years after discharge. The groups were compared with multivariable Cox regression models, with early AF recurrence as a time-dependent covariate. The hypothesis tested was formulated after data collection.

Results

Of the 35 329 patients identified, 10 609 (30.0%) developed POAF after CABG and were included in this study. Their median age was 71 (IQR, 66-76) years. The median follow-up was 7.1 (IQR, 2.9-9.0) years, and most patients (81.6%) were men. Early AF recurrence occurred in 6.7% of patients. Event rates (95% CIs) per 100 patient-years with vs without early AF recurrence were 2.21 (1.49-3.24) vs 2.03 (1.83-2.25) for all-cause mortality, 3.94 (2.92-5.28) vs 2.79 (2.56-3.05) for heart failure hospitalization, and 3.97 (2.95-5.30) vs 2.74 (2.51-2.99) for major bleeding. No association between early AF recurrence and all-cause mortality was observed (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.17 [95% CI, 0.80-1.74]; P = .41). In exploratory analyses, there was an association with heart failure hospitalization (AHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.32-2.45]; P = .001) and major bleeding (AHR, 1.92 [1.42-2.61]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of early AF recurrence after POAF in patients who underwent CABG, no association was found between early AF recurrence and all-cause mortality. Exploratory analyses showed associations between AF recurrence and heart failure hospitalization, oral anticoagulation, and major bleeding.
Pencil‐Shaped Necking of Thick Al Whisker Grown by Stress‐Induced Migration and Enhancement of Tensile Strength
Authors: Ludwig Thomas H. , Shirasu Keiichi , Tohmyoh Hironori
Published: March 2024

This study aims to characterize the mechanical response of thick Al whiskers under tension. Wire‐shaped whiskers are fabricated by stress‐induced migration using an original sample structure. Straight and single‐crystal whiskers are suspended between a W probe tip attached to a micromanipulator and an atomic force microscope tip attached to a nanostage using electron beam irradiation hardening glue. Tensile tests are conducted by pulling the probe tip. A tensile strength of 1 GPa is obtained for a whisker with a diameter of 500 nm. Observations using a high‐voltage electron microscope show that the whisker is deformed by pencil‐shaped sharp necking with signs of recrystallization at the tip, which displays a novel mechanical response of Al whiskers. The obtained tensile strength is more than twice that of whiskers with similar diameters reported in the literature, indicating that the tensile strength of not only thin, but also thick whiskers can be enhanced by activating a different mode of deformation.
An Organ‐on‐Chip Platform for Simulating Drug Metabolism Along the Gut–Liver Axis
Authors: Lucchetti Mara , Aina Kehinde Oluwasegun , Grandmougin Léa , Jäger Christian , Pérez Escriva Pau , Letellier Elisabeth , Mosig Alexander S. , Wilmes Paul
Published: March 2024

The human microbiome significantly influences drug metabolism through the gut–liver axis, leading to modified drug responses and potential toxicity. Due to the complex nature of the human gut environment, the understanding of microbiome‐driven impacts on these processes is limited. To address this, a multiorgan‐on‐a‐chip (MOoC) platform that combines the human microbial‐crosstalk (HuMiX) gut‐on‐chip (GoC) and the Dynamic42 liver‐on‐chip (LoC), mimicking the bidirectional interconnection between the gut and liver known as the gut–liver axis, is introduced. This platform supports the viability and functionality of intestinal and liver cells. In a proof‐of‐concept study, the metabolism of irinotecan, a widely used colorectal cancer drug, is imitated within the MOoC. Utilizing liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), irinotecan metabolites are tracked, confirming the platform's ability to represent drug metabolism along the gut–liver axis. Further, using the authors’ gut–liver platform, it is shown that the colorectal cancer‐associated gut bacterium, Escherichia coli, modifies irinotecan metabolism through the transformation of its inactive metabolite SN‐38G into its toxic metabolite SN‐38. This platform serves as a robust tool for investigating the intricate interplay between gut microbes and pharmaceuticals, offering a representative alternative to animal models and providing novel drug development strategies.
Junctionless Negative‐Differential‐Resistance Device Using 2D Van‐Der‐Waals Layered Materials for Ternary Parallel Computing
Authors: Lee Taeran , Jung Kil‐Su , Seo Seunghwan , Lee Junseo , Park Jihye , Kang Sumin , Park Jeongwon , Kang Juncheol , Ahn Hogeun , Kim Suhyun , Lee Hae Won , Lee Doyoon , Kim Ki Seok , Kim Hyunseok , Heo Keun , Kim Sunmean , Bae Sang‐Hoon , Kang Seokhyeong , Kang Kibum , Kim Jeehwan , Park Jin‐Hong
Published: March 2024

Negative‐differential‐resistance (NDR) devices offer a promising pathway for developing future computing technologies characterized by exceptionally low energy consumption, especially multivalued logic computing. Nevertheless, conventional approaches aimed at attaining the NDR phenomenon involve intricate junction configurations and/or external doping processes in the channel region, impeding the progress of NDR devices to the circuit and system levels. Here, an NDR device is presented that incorporates a channel without junctions. The NDR phenomenon is achieved by introducing a metal‐insulator‐semiconductor capacitor to a portion of the channel area. This approach establishes partial potential barrier and well that effectively restrict the movement of hole and electron carriers within specific voltage ranges. Consequently, this facilitates the implementation of both a ternary inverter and a ternary static‐random‐access‐memory, which are essential components in the development of multivalued logic computing technology.
Developing Hypoxia‐Sensitive System via Designing Tumor‐Targeted Fullerene‐Based Photosensitizer for Multimodal Therapy of Deep Tumor
Authors: Li Lei , Fu Jiaju , Ye Jiahao , Liu Lei , Sun Zihao , Wang Haoyu , Tan Shuangjie , Zhen Mingming , Wang Chunru , Bai Chunli
Published: March 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been approved for clinic. However, powerless efficiency for deep hypoxic tumor therapy remains an enormous challenge for PDT. Herein, a hypoxia‐sensitive nanotherapeutic system (FTCD‐SRGD) based on fullerene (C70) and anoxic activating chemical prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) is rationally designed for multimodal therapy of deep hypoxic tumors. To enhance the accumulation and achieve specific drug release in tumor, the FTCD‐SRGD is modified with cyclo(Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐d‐Phe‐Lys) (cRGDfK) peptide and disulfide bonds. With the exacerbated hypoxic microenvironment created by C70 consuming O2 for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), TPZ is activated to produce toxic radical species to ablate deep tumors, which achieves a synergistic treatment of C70‐mediated PDT and hypoxia‐enhanced chemotherapy. Additionally, given this hypoxia‐sensitive system‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) activating anticancer cytotoxic T lymphocyte to result in more susceptible tumor to immunotherapy, FTCD‐SRGD plus immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti‐PD‐L1) fully inhibit deep hypoxic tumors by promoting infiltration of effector T cells in tumors. Collectively, it is the first time to develop a multimodal therapy system with fullerene‐based hypoxia‐sensitive PS for deep tumors. The powerful multimodal nanotherapeutic system for combining hypoxia‐enhanced PDT and immunotherapy to massacre deep hypoxic tumors can provide a paradigm to combat the present bottleneck of tumor therapy.
Efficient Pulsed Raman Laser with Wavelength above 2.1 μm Pumped by Noise‐Like Pulse
Authors: Wang Meng , Ouyang Deqin , Lin Yu , Chen Yewang , Liu Minqiu , Zhao Junqing , Liu Xing , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: March 2024

Herein, the efficiently high‐power pulsed Raman lasers with wavelength above 2.1 μm are experimentally demonstrated relying on the stimulated Raman scattering. A tailored high‐power noise‐like pulse (NLP) fiber laser system centered at ≈1953 nm with a maximum output power of ≈10.9 W is served as the pump source. By directly pumping a section of highly Ge‐doped silica fiber, the first pulsed Raman laser (centered at≈2139 nm) and the second pulsed Raman laser (centered at ≈2353 nm) with maximum output powers of ≈3.8 and ≈0.25 W are obtained, respectively, which represent the highest output powers of NLP at these wavelength regions, to the best of knowledge. Moreover, a high spectral purity of ≈94.3% of the first Raman laser is obtained, which indicates the significantly potential application of NLP in pulsed Raman laser. The midinfrared NLP fiber laser source will have potential applications in transparent polymer materials processing and midinfrared spectroscopy.
Discovering [C4C1im][BF4] as draw solution in forward osmosis
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Amirul Mukmin , Seman Mazrul Nizam Abu , Abdullah Syamsul B.
Published: March 2024

Promising forward osmosis (FO) membrane desalination is a potentially viable energy‐efficient performance technology compared to other techniques. Searching for the ideal draw solute that creates high osmotic pressure difference and ease of regeneration is critical for water desalination using the FO system. However, many fundamental aspects still need to be adapted, such as needing more screening potential anions and cations based on the predictive method. The Group Contribution Method (GCM) was used in this study to predict the value of the van't Hoff factor denoted by (i). In the end, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4C1im][BF4]) was selected as a draw solution for later experimental work.
Liposomal bupivacaine for ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks after midline laparotomy
Authors: Vereen M. S. , Harms F. , Stolker R. J. , Dirckx M.
Published: March 2024

Optimal pain management after open abdominal surgery is essential but can be difficult to achieve. The effects of inadequate analgesia go beyond the first few postoperative days; severe acute postoperative pain may contribute to the development of chronic postsurgical pain. Thoracic epidural analgesia is a traditional approach to the management of acute pain after open abdominal surgery but has multiple possible contraindications and can be technically challenging. In our hospital, we typically offer ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks with catheters when epidural analgesia is not feasible. However, the recent registration of long‐acting liposomal bupivacaine in the Netherlands as well as logistical and equipment‐related issues have led us to consider liposomal bupivacaine as an alternative to the use of catheters. Here, we present a short case series to describe our first clinical experiences with the use of liposomal bupivacaine in ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath blocks after midline laparotomy for three patients in whom epidural insertion was contraindicated.
Recent interlayer and separator design approaches for high‐performance Li–S batteries
Authors: Choi Hyo‐Yeol , Lee Si‐Hwan , Yu Hyuk‐Joon , Yu Seung‐Ho
Published: March 2024

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted attention as promising next‐generation batteries due to their remarkably high capacity compared to lithium‐ion batteries and the low cost of sulfur. However, one of the inherent problems of LSBs is the “shuttle effect,” which causes lithium metal anode instability and capacity fading. This is still a major barrier that must be overcome before it is used in the industry. Therefore, to commercialize LSBs, it is essential to suppress this shuttle effect. From this point of view, this review focuses on the categorization of the methods and materials for interlayer and separator modification, which is one of the effective ways to address the shuttle effect.
Protective effect of Xixin–Ganjiang herb pair for warming the lungs to dissolve phlegm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats based on integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics
Authors: Huang Ping , Xiang Ting , Wang Qiong , Han Lintao , Zheng Sili , Zhang Dongning , Huang Fang , Duan Bailu , Li Jingjing , Li Huamao , Huang Tao
Published: March 2024

Xixin–Ganjiang herb pair (XGHP) is a classic combination for warming the lungs to dissolve phlegm and is often used to treat a variety of chronic lung diseases; it can treat the syndrome of cold phlegm obstruction of lungs. First, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) was used to examine the composition of XGHP, and network pharmacology was used to predict its potential core targets and signaling pathways in the current study. Second, a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was established for assessing the anti‐COPD activity of XGHP, and metabolomics was used to explore the biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Finally, the sample was validated using molecular docking and Western blotting. The integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology results identified 11 targets, 3 biomarkers, 3 pathways, and 2 metabolic pathways. Western blotting showed that XGHP effectively regulated the expression of core proteins via multiple signaling pathways (downregulation of toll‐like receptor 4 [TLR4] and upregulation of serine/threonine‐protein kinase 1 [p‐AKT1] and nitric oxide synthase 3 [NOS3]). Molecular docking results showed that the 10 potentially active components of XGHP have good affinity with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9), TLR4, p‐AKT1, and NOS3. Our findings suggest that XGHP may regulate glucolipid metabolism, improve energy supply, and inhibit inflammatory responses (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and MMP‐9) via the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and HIF‐1 signaling pathway in the management of COPD.
Disentangling the neurobiological bases of temporal impulsivity in Huntington's disease
Authors: Pardina‐Torner Helena , De Paepe Audrey E. , Garcia‐Gorro Clara , Rodriguez‐Dechicha Nadia , Vaquer Irene , Calopa Matilde , Ruiz‐Idiago Jesus , Mareca Celia , de Diego‐Balaguer Ruth , Camara Estela
Published: March 2024

Background

Despite its impact on daily life, impulsivity in Huntington's disease (HD) is understudied as a neuropsychiatric symptom. Our aim is to characterize temporal impulsivity in HD and to disentangle the white matter correlate associated with impulsivity.

Methods

Forty‐seven HD individuals and 36 healthy controls were scanned and evaluated for temporal impulsivity using a delay‐discounting (DD) task and complementary Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Diffusion tensor imaging was employed to characterize the structural connectivity of three limbic tracts: the uncinate fasciculus (UF), the accumbofrontal tract (NAcc‐OFC), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectig the caudate nucleus (DLPFC‐cn). Multiple linear regression analyses were applied to analyze the relationship between impulsive behavior and white matter microstructural integrity.

Results

Our results revealed altered structural connectivity in the DLPC‐cn, the NAcc‐OFC and the UF in HD individuals. At the same time, the variability in structural connectivity of these tracts was associated with the individual differences in temporal impulsivity. Specifically, increased structural connectivity in the right NAcc‐OFC and reduced connectivity in the left UF were associated with higher temporal impulsivity scores.

Conclusions

The present findings highlight the importance of investigating the spectrum of temporal impulsivity in HD. As, while less prevalent than other psychiatric features, this symptom is still reported to significantly impact the quality of life of patients and caregivers. This study provides evidence that individual differences observed in temporal impulsivity may be explained by variability in limbic frontostriatal tracts, while shedding light on the role of sensitivity to reward in modulating impulsive behavior through the selection of immediate rewards.