bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 Related Reduction in Paediatric Emergency Healthcare Utilization – A Concerning Trend
Authors: Happle Christine , Dopfer Christian , Wetzke med , Scharff Anna Zychlinsky , Mueller Frank , Dressler Frank , Baumann Ulrich , Sasse Michael , Hansen Gesine , Jablonka Alexandra
Published: May 2020

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the direct impact of the virus on morbidity and mortality of patients, the effect of lockdown strategies on health and healthcare utilization become more and more apparent. Little is known on the effect of the pandemic on pediatric healthcare utilization. We examined the impact of the pandemic on pediatric emergency healthcare.Methods: We conducted a monocentric, retrospective analysis of n=5.424 pediatric emergency visits between January 1st and April 19th of 2019 and 2020, and compared healthcare utilization in the month post lockdown 2020 to the same period in 2019.Results: In the four weeks after lockdown in Germany began, we observed a massive drop of 63.8% in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization (mean daily visits 26.8 ±SEM 1.5 in 2019 vs. 9.7 ±SEM 1 in 2020, p<0.005). This drop in cases occurred for both communicable and non-communicable diseases. A larger proportion of patients under one year old (daily mean of 16.6% ±SEM 1.4 in 2019 vs 23.1% ±SEM 1.7, p<0.01 in 2020) and of cases requiring hospitalisation (mean of 13.9% ±SEM 1.6 in 2019 vs. 26.6% ±SEM 3.3 in 2020, p<0.001) occurred during the pandemic. During the analysed time periods, few intensive care admissions and no fatalities occurred.Conclusion: Our data illustrate a significant decrease in pediatric emergency room visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public outreach is needed to encourage parents to seek medical attention for pediatric emergencies in spite of the pandemic.
A Urine-Based Biomarker for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study
Authors: Wu ZhiGang , Zhang GuoWei , Chen WeiKang , Hu XiangNong , Yang JianJun , Meng Jie , Zeng Yan , Shang XueJun
Published: May 2020

Background There are currently no objective diagnostic criteria for chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome and no accepted therapies that cure the disease.Methods We identified 372 patients with chronic prostatitis diagnosed from 2015 to 2018 and collect the information of age, routine urinary test, EPS and NIH-CPSI.Results Our study demonstrated a correlation between the increase of PSEP level and NIH-CPSI scores. At meantime, the correlation was found between the PSEP level and EPS-white blood cells.Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of PSEP as a viable indicator of symptomatic progression of CP/CPPS. Applications of PSEP assay may guide drug discovery and lead to the better treatment to improve patient’s quality of life.
Homocysteine During the Third Trimester is a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Chen Sha , Shen Hong , Cheng Weiwei , Zhao Xueya , Luo Jun
Published: May 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for elevating homocysteine during pregnancy and the relative effects on preeclampsia.Method: This is a prospective study that only covers pregnant women withsingletonwho received regular prenatal care from July to September 2018 exclusively at IPMCH(N=1142). Homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 were tested in the 1st trimester (10-14 weeks), 2nd trimester (24-28 weeks), and 3rd trimester(30-34 weeks), respectively, and MTHFR genes (rs1801133, rs1801131, rs17367504) were detected. Therefore, the analysis of this case includesthe variation in Hcylevels during pregnancy, risk factors for elevating homocysteine and the risk factors on preeclampsia.Results: (1) Homocysteinewas lowest in the 1st trimester. (2) Homocysteine was negatively correlated with folic acid (r=-0.17, p<0.001) and vitamin B12 (r=-0.15, p<0.001) in the same trimester. (3) Heterozygous CT (p=0.025, 95% CI 0.018,0.275) and homozygous TT (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.185,0.501) in MTHFR rs1801133 both caused an increase inHcy. G-spot mutations in MTHFR rs17367504 caused a decline inhomocysteine. (4) Homocysteine in the 3rd trimester significantly increased the risk of preeclampsia (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.01,1.42), particularly early-onset preeclampsia (OR = 3.63, 95% CI 1.71,7.71) and severe preeclampsia (OR = 3.63, 95% CI 1.71,7.71).Conclusions: The variation inhomocysteine level has a direct impact on preeclampsia,especially early-onset preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia, in the3rd trimester, and MTHFR, folic acid and vitamin B12 were the three most critical factors responsible for the changing homocysteine levelsduring pregnancy.
Objectively-Measured Smartphone Usage, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity Among Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Lee Paul H , Tse Andy C. Y. , Wu Cynthia S. T. , Mak Yim Wah , Lee Uichin
Published: May 2020

Objectives: We studied the association between objectively-measured smartphone usage and objectively-measured sleep quality and physical activity for seven consecutive days among Hong Kong adolescents and young adults aged 11–25 (n = 357, 67% female).Methods: We installed an app that tracked the subjects’ smartphone usage and had them wear an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer on their wrist to measure their sleep quality and physical activity level. Smartphone usage data were successfully obtained from 187 participants (52.4%).Results: The participants on average spent 2 hours 46 minutes per day on their smartphone. Multilevel regression showed that, among secondary school students, one minute of daytime smartphone usage was associated with 0.12 minute decrease in total sleeping time that night (p = 0.042, 95% CI: -0.23, -0.007). One minute of bedtime smartphone usage was associated with 0.32 minute increase in wake after sleep onset that night (p = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.62). One minute of smartphone usage during sleep was associated with sleep efficiency (β = 0.013%, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.003%, 0.023%) and WASO (β=-0.05, p = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.10, -0.005). One minute of daytime smartphone usage was associated with 7.15 steps increase in the number of steps (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.02, 13.28) among secondary school students and 3.52 steps increase in the number of steps (p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.37, 6.66) among university students on the next day.Conclusion: Time spent on smartphone was associated with total sleeping time, the number of steps, and MVPA among Hong Kong adolescents and young adults.
New clinical manifestations of COVID-19 related Guillain Barre syndrome higly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two italian cases
Authors: Assini Andrea , Benedetti Luana , Silvia Di Maio , Erika Schirinzi , Sette Massimo Del
Published: May 2020

Recently, some cases of Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher (MF) have been reported, following COVID-19 infection1-2-3 . We report two different clinical manifestation of Covid-19 related GBS , one is a GBS/MF overlap syndrome, the other one an Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) with massive vegetative impairment, both highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins.
Pathways and microRNAs bioinformatics analyses identifying possible existing therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Teodori Laura , Sestili Piero , Madiai Valeria , Coppari Sofia , Fraternale Daniele , Rocchi Marco Bruno Luigi , Ramakrishna Seeram , Albertini Maria Cristina
Published: May 2020

Over 180.000 SARS-COV-2 positive cases have been confirmed in Italy as April 20, with the number of deaths exceeding 23 thousand, making Italy the second Country for world COVID-19 deaths. Such enormous occurrence of infected and dead people raises the urgent demand of effective fast available treatments to control and diminish this pandemic. Discovering the cellular/molecular mechanisms of SARS-COV-2 pathogenicity is of paramount importance to understand how the infection becomes a disease and for therapeutically approaching it. From literature data, through a bioinformatics approach, an in silico analysis was performed, to predict the putative virus targets and evidence the already available therapeutics. Literature experimental results identified angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE and Spike proteins particularly involved in COVID-19. We thus investigate on the signaling pathways modulated by the two proteins through query miRNet, the platform linking miRNAs, targets and functions. We predicted microRNAs (miRs), miR-335-5p and miR-26b-5p, as being modulated by Spike and ACE together with deacetylate histones pathway HDAC. Our results matched with the available clinical data. We hypothesize the current and EMA-approved, SARS-COV-2 off-label, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) drugs may be repurposed to limit or block host-virus interactions. A ranked list of compounds is given that can be tested.
Water infrastructure and economic security of regional socio-economic systems: evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Fedulova Svitlana , Pivovarov Oleksandr , Khudolei Veronika , Komirna Vitalina , Kalynovskyi Andrii
Published: May 2020

The correlation between the development of a regional economy and the degree of infrastructural development of a country or its territory is a common practice. Considering this, the paper is aimed at studying the impact of water infrastructure on the economic security of regional socio-economic systems in order to develop a water security system for them. A variety of threats against key waterworks can seriously undermine the national economy and water security of regions and cities. Thus, the study analyzes the process of transformation of water infrastructure in the context of ensuring the economic security of regional socio-economic systems. It offers the definition of such categories as “water infrastructure” and “water security of a regional socio-economic system” to formulate a relevant economic policy in Ukraine based on world experience. The study proves the need to attribute water infrastructure to the critical infrastructure sectors of Ukraine and its regions, based on the best world practices in managing water resources and protecting the water infrastructure itself from technogenic, physical, and cyber-physical threats. According to the study results, conceptual bases for ensuring the economic security of regional socio-economic systems are developed, which differ in view of the water security system of the regional socio-economic system, giving priority to the engineering and technical infrastructure of a region.
THREE-STAGE LOCATION DECISION MODEL FOR A RETAIL POINT: A MULTICRITERIA AHP APPROACH
Authors: Croce Paulo Rossi , Azevedo Lays de Matos , Hora Henrique Rego Monteiro da , Morais Alline Sardinha Cordeiro
Published: May 2020

Coffee participates significantly on society’s life, with its benefits and commercial importance, it is undoubtedly a precious commodity. Coffee shops are not different, it is an ideal place to relax, have a conversation or even do work related chores. This paper uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process to identify the best place to open a new coffee shop on a commercial center, since it is a complex problem that have to cover lots of alternatives, it was divided in three stages. First it is decided whether a store or a kiosk is better within this specific case, then decides the macro location and finally the specific spot. The analysis resulted on a store located afar from the food plaza, where have intense flow of clients passing by. It was possible to solve the doubts appointed at first by the decision-maker, besides it helps to improve the product quality, since the criteria was based thinking on the client’s satisfaction.
Determination of Optimum Sampling Fraction for Bootstrap Resampling
Authors: Malaguti João Gabriel , Cândido Samuel Faria
Published: May 2020

Lately, there has been much discussion on the bootstrap resampling method, both as a way of estimating standard error and as a way of improving estimations with access to only one sample. However, little is found in literature discussing the size the bootstrap sample should take. This study aims to determine the existence of an optimum sampling fraction for resampling, analysing different estimators and number of resamples. An optimum fraction exists if, and only if, for every estimator and every amount of resamples, a fraction (or region) performs better in every population. Ten random populations were created by adding together different normal, Poisson and exponential distributions such that their means and variances are diverse. A Monte Carlo simulation with ten thousand iterations was done, taking random systematic samples from the populations and from these, bootstrap samples to estimate the mean, variance and respective standard errors. Results show the inexistence of a single optimum fraction. However, it does point to an optimum region for standard error estimation above 37.5%.
FRACTURE FAILURE ANALYSIS IN TIE RODS OF STACKER RECLAIMER
Authors: Sales Elton Lima de , Rocha Ully Guimarães , Silva Diego Moreira da , Correa Sandro Rosa , Pimenta André Rocha , Diniz Marilia Garcia
Published: May 2020

This work aimed to analyze the causes of premature failure by fracture of a tie rod of a large rotary forklift or Stacker Reclaimer. A methodology that included visual inspection techniques, macrographic analysis, optical microscopy (OM), Vickers microhardness (HV) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), semi-quantitative chemical scattering spectroscopy (EDS) and quantitative chemical analysis by optical emission spectrometry and combustion was employed. It could be concluded that the chemical composition of the material and / or the manufacturing process were outside the specification of the material due to the unexpected presence of magnesium and carbon graphite nodules, the latter considered to cause fragility that may have led the material to fracture by fatigue.
BAYESIAN DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF VISCOELASTIC PARAMETERS
Authors: Teixeira Josiele da Silva , Stutz Leonardo Tavares , Silva Neto Antônio José da , Knupp Diego Campos , Viana Anilton do Nascimento
Published: May 2020

The present work has as its main objective the formulation and solution of inverse problems aiming at the estimation of viscoelastic parameters of a discrete mechanical system. Its application potential covers several areas in the most varied segments of engineering and industry. For the formulation and solution of the direct problem, a discrete mechanical system with viscoelastic damping is considered. The parameter estimation problem is then formulated as an inverse problem, whose objective is to estimate the viscoelastic properties of a discrete system using a Bayesian approach. First, a Bayesian design of experiment its carried out in order to identify optimal experimental conditions for solving the inverse problem, taking into account the positioning of the sensors and actuators. To solve the parameter estimation inverse problem, an Adaptive Monte Carlo Markov Chain Method is employed.
INPUT IMPEDANCE OF AN ARTERIAL TREE MODEL
Authors: Anjos Patrícia Fonseca de Brito , Santos Rodrigo Weber dos , Queiroz Rafael Alves Bonfim de
Published: May 2020

Computational models are used to represent blood flow in large and small arteries and to simulate cardiovascular diseases. Through these models, it is possible to estimate the pressure and blood flow in arterial vessels. However, to reduce the complexity of the model simulation, it is necessary to truncate small arterial domains representing the networks of small arteries and arterioles. At truncation points, the input impedance is used as a boundary condition. This work describes a method based on fractal laws to generate models of arterial trees that represent the truncated arterial districts, and how to calculate the input impedance of these models. The influence of the parameters used in the generation of the arterial tree model on the input impedance is investigated. The results show that the bifurcation exponent and asymmetry ratio most influence the input impedance response of the models.
A comparison of the Morbidities Associated with Different Early Treatments in Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Patients
Authors: Saha Sumanta , Saha Sujata
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE: A tubo-ovarian abscess needs hospitalization and early treatment with parenteral antibiotics only or along with imaging-guided drainage. This meta-analysis juxtaposes between these interventions - the length of stay in hospital in days, surgery requirement for those not responding to the initial treatment, and readmission.STUDY DESIGN: The eligible papers searched in various databases (PubMed, Central, Embase, and Scopus) irrespective of their language or date of publication. The Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal tool and Cochrane collaboration tool were used to appraise observational and randomized controlled trials, respectively. When a comparable outcome was reported from at least three studies of similar study design, they were included in the meta-analysis (fixed-effect model). Otherwise, outcomes were reported narratively.RESULTS: From 164 studies, five eligible papers (four non-randomized studies and one randomized controlled trials) were reviewed. These studies sourced data from 609 tubo-ovarian abscess patients. Overall, all studies had at least one unclear risk of bias components. The length of stay in the hospital among the tubo-ovarian abscess patients favored the initial parenteral antibiotic only treatment (WMD= -3.26; 95% CI= -4.93 to -1.58; p<0.001; I2=80.9%; p-value of Cochranes Q=0.005); however, on sensitivity analysis (meta-analysis with random-effect model) this difference disappeared. Less than three studies of a particular study design reported each of the remaining outcomes.CONCLUSION: The current evidence on how these outcomes vary between the juxtaposed interventions received by the tubo-ovarian abscess patients remains inconclusive due to the inadequate number of good quality randomized controlled trials
Flood routing by linear Muskingum method using two basic floods data using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm
Authors: Norouzi Hadi , Bazargan Jalal
Published: May 2020

The Muskingum method is one of hydrological approaches that has been used for flood routing for many years thanks to its simplicity and reasonable accuracy over other methods. In engineering works, the calculation of the Peak section of a flood hydrograph is crucially important. In the present study, using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, instead of using a single basic flood, the parameters of the linear Muskingum method (X, K, Δt) are calculated by computed arithmetic and geometric means relevant to two basic floods in the form of eight different models for calculating the downstream hydrograph. The results indicate that if the numerical values of the calculated flood inflow are placed in the interval of the inflow and the basic flood which the parameters X, K, Δt are from, the computation accuracy in approximating the outflow flood related to the peak section of the inflow hydrograph increases for all the mentioned models. In other words, if the arithmetic mean of X, K and the geometric mean of Δt, relevant to the two basic floods, are used instead of using values of X, K, Δt of a single basic flood, the computational accuracy in estimating the flood peak section of the hydrograph in downstream has the highest increase among all the eight models. Thus, the Mean Relative Error (MRE) relevant to the peak section of the inflow hydrograph of the third flood (observational flood) obtained by the first and second basic floods was equal to 4.89% and 2.91%, respectively, while in case of using the arithmetic mean of X and K and the geometric mean of Δt, related to the first and second basic floods (the best models presented in this study), this value is equal to 1.66%.
Lexical Diversity Measures’ Review And Classification
Authors: Zakharova Elena Yu. , Savina Olga Yu.
Published: May 2020

This paper reviews various lexical diversity (LD) measures and their classification. The authors define the most significant advantages and disadvantages of the measures and investigate the main scopes of LD application. They include measuring LD in the speech of children and people with aphasia, checking progress in learning a foreign language, and investigating different writing styles of certain authors. Results show that the most frequently used measure is the type-token ratio (TTR), which means the ratio of different words (types) to the total number of words (tokens).
The most important problem of TTR and other measures based on TTR is that the more tokens a text has, the less is the TTR value. This has led to the development of other measures; some of them are based on a TTR formula, thus, they do not solve the problem and the calculation result is also affected by the text length. In that case, the texts with different length cannot be compared.
Another group of measures rests upon the TTR formula supplemented by a principle of sample forming. These measures solve the problem of the TTR partially or completely, though they often require some extra instruments. Fortunately, these instruments are available on the Internet and demand no particular knowledge on their working principle or in programming.
Contemporary researchers tend to use independent measures, because texts mostly have different length and the dependent measures cannot give proper results.
Performance of a Full-Scale Anaerobic Digestion on Bakery Wastewater Treatment : Effect of Modified Distribution System
Authors: Vistanty Hanny , Malik Rizal Awaludin , Mukimin Aris
Published: May 2020

The effectiveness of a full-scale anaerobic digestion pretreatment was evaluated and the effect of wastewater distribution system was determined on the performance of bakery wastewater (BW) treatment. The BW was fed to 3 series of anaerobic compartments as the main degradation process. The distribution system of first compartment was modified and circulated to enhance contact and efficiency. While the effluent of last compartment was partly returned to the first compartment as an external circulation and the other part was further processed in activated sludge under aerobic conditions. The overall system was able to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) up to 97.7%, 99.7%, and 99.6%, respectively, at maximum organic loading rate of 6.3 kg COD/m3day. High removal of pollutants indicated that modified distribution of circulation is advantageous to the BW treatment
Principles of regular-shaped radome antennas study with a spherical scanner
Authors: Kirpanev A. V. , Kirpanev N. A.
Published: May 2020

The paper  considers  the  characteristics  determination  method  basing  on  amplifasometric  measurements  of  near  field  of the «antenna-radio-transparent radome» system with use of a spherical scanner. The method is based on determination of components of the amplitude spectra of homogeneous plane waves through the amplitudes of vector spherical waves of the tested antenna and the «antenna-radio-transparent radome» system. It is assumed that the radome has a regular surface shape and is a single-layer radome. The proposed method, in addition to determination of radiation characteristics, allows for the given antenna field polarization to determine the complex coefficient of passage thorough the radome as a function of spatial frequencies. It is also shown that it is possible to estimate the complex dielectric permittivity of a single-layer radome, both by calculating the components of uniform plane waves, and directly from the reduced field components on the outer surface of radome. Ways to study the radiophysical characteristics of theradom, are proposed.
Experimental research of radio lens from a gas-filled material
Authors: Stepanov M. A. , Tyrykin S. V. , Nikulin A. V. , Nikulina Yu. S.
Published: May 2020

Radio lenses are often used as collimators. It is allow to convert a spherical phase front into a flat one, corresponding to the far zone of the electromagnetic wave source. The paper is dealt with the manufacturing of radio lenses from gas-filled materials. The sequence of actions performing which it is possible to make a radio lens from a gas-filled material is described. The results of experimental studies of a radio lens manufactured with using the proposed technology are presented. Studies are carried out with using an electromagnetic field scanner in the X-band. It is established that the use of a radio lens from a gas-filled material leads to equalization of the antenna aperture phase front. The use of lenses made of gas-filled material improves the shape of the antenna pattern significantly. This is confirmed by the graphs presented in the work and the fact that the use of a radio lens reduces the value of the integral error by approximately two orders of magnitude.
Automated reverse engineering control system model
Authors: Vinnichenko A. V. , Nazarevich S. A. , Karpova I. R.
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the task of simplifying the reverse design process by implementing three-point 3D scanning, which allows you to speed up the technological stages of reverse design to the moment of product manufacture, as well as simplify the procedure for defecating finished products and create favorable conditions for the implementation of the principles of unification. The model of the control system in this article refers to the structuring of elements of the technological organization of the process of creating 3D prototyping of existing copies created by the use of reverse engineering. For this purpose, the problems of traditional technologies that do not allow timely coping with changes in the technical system under the influence of in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents and environmental requirements were considered. We also analyzed not only the principles of operation of traditional technologies, but also the zone of reverse engineering, which allows you to achieve an increased level of production capacity by identifying a group of key defects based on the process of flaw detection and statistical analysis.
Efek suplementasi kalsium terhadap kebugaran dan profil kesehatan pada atlet Tarung Derajat
Authors: Yusni Yusni , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: May 2020

Calcium is the main mineral that is needed by athletes for bone strength, joint, and muscle contraction during exercise. Strenuous and prolonged exercise will progressively increase calcium requirements. This inadequate calcium intake is having an impact on hypocalcemia and increasing the risk of sports injuries. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of calcium supplementation on fitness and health in Tarung Derajat athletes. The research design was experimental (pretest-posttest without control group design). A total of 21 Tarung Derajat athletes, aged 18-25 years, male and female were the subjects. The examination was physical fitness, anthropometric values, and blood pressure to determine the health profile, and blood calcium. The intervention was a calcium tablet, a dose of 1x1000 mg/day, given after dinner, and for 35 days. The results found that the number of female athletes with hypocalcemia decreased by 50%, from 44.44% (before) to 22.22% after calcium therapy. Physical fitness increased (p<0.05), but there was no change in weight (p>0.05), body mass index (BMI) (p>0.05), blood pressure (BP) (p>0.05) ) and calcium levels (p>0.05) after calcium supplementation. Conclusions: supplementation of calcium tablets decreased the amount of hypocalcemia in Tarung Derajat female athletes, increases physical fitness, does not significantly increase calcium levels but otherwise does not affect anthropometry (body weight and body mass index), and blood pressure in Tarung Derajat athletes.
Profil antropometri, ketersediaan energi dan kepadatan tulang pada atlet remaja putri berbagai cabang olahraga
Authors: Setyawati Novi , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Rahadiyanti Ayu , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan profil antropometri, ketersediaan energi, dan kepadatan tulang pada atlet remaja putri berbagai cabang olahraga. Desain penelitian cross-sectional metode consecutive sampling dengan jumlah 54 atlet usia 13-21 tahun dilaksanakan di BPPLOP Jawa Tengah, Klub Atletik Salatiga, Klub Atletik dan Renang Universitas Negeri Semarang. Persen lemak tubuh, IMT, fat free mass diukur dengan Total Body Composition Analyzer. Form 24 hour-food recall, 24-hour physical activity record dan fat free mass untuk mengukur ketersedian energi. Bone densitometer Osteosys SONOST 3000 untuk mengukur kepadatan tulang. Analisis menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA dan uji Kruskal Wallis. Persen lemak tubuh dan IMT cabang olahraga endurance lebih rendah dibandingkan cabang olahraga kekuatan dan beregu. Terdapat perbedaan ketersediaan energi antara cabang olahraga endurance dan kekuatan (p<0.05). T-score kepadatan tulang cabang olahraga kekuatan lebih rendah dibandingkan cabang olahraga endurance dan beregu. Mayoritas atlet memiliki persen lemak tubuh, IMT, kepadatan tulang tergolong normal, dan ketersediaan energi tergolong rendah. Anthropometric profile, energy availability and bone density in adolescent female athletes in various sports AbstractThis study analyzed the differences anthropometric profile, energy availability and bone density of adolescent female athletes in various sports. A cross-sectional study design consecutive sampling method with 54 athletes aged 13 -21 years conducted in the BPPLOP Central Java, Salatiga Athletics Club, Athletics and Swimming Club Semarang State University. Per cent body fat, BMI, fat-free mass was measured by Total Body Composition Analyzer. The 24 hour-food recall form, 24-hour physical activity record, and fat-free mass were used for measuring energy availability. Bone densitometer Osteosys SONOST 3000 was used to measure bone density. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. Percent body fat and BMI of endurance sports were lower than strength and team sports. There were differences in the energy availability between endurance and strength sports (p < 0.05). Bone density t-score of strength sports was lower than endurance and team sports. The most of athletes classified normal on percent body fat, BMI and bone density, while energy availability was classified low.
O возможном влиянии факторов урбанизации на распространенность сахарного диабета первого типа на территории РФ
Authors: Сопрун Л.А. , Ястребов С.Г.
Published: May 2020

Using the method of selecting the main components associated with the correlation coefficients of the Pearson matrix, a possible relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and various factors of urbanization in the Russian Federation has been identified. A hypothetical physical model of the impact of urbanization factors on incidence has been created. The problem of revealing the hidden causes of the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in various regions of the Russian Federation and the contribution of factors of urbanization to the incidence is solved. The analysis uses a variety of statistical data on such factors of urbanization as the automobile road complex, emissions to surface wastewater and to the atmosphere.
Поляронный перенос заряда в однородной Poly G/ Poly C-цепочке в модели Пейрарда-Бишопа-Холстейна в постоянном электрическом поле
Authors: Коршунова А.Н. , Лахно В.Д.
Published: May 2020

The numerical experiments which demonstrate the possibility of charge transfer in a homogeneous Poly G / Poly C DNA chain in the constant electric field have been carried out. As a model, which describes the dynamics of a DNA molecule, was considered the nonlinear Peyrard–Bishop–Holstein model. It is shown that the polaron can move along the chain at a constant velocity over long distances for small values of electric field intensity. With an increase in the value of the electric field intensity the uniform motion of the charge is not observed, the charge goes into an oscillatory mode of motion with Bloch oscillations.
Влияние концентрации амфифильных молекул неионогенного поверхностно-активного вещества на структуру и гелеобразование в водных дисперсиях
Authors: Алексеева С.А. , Баранец И.В. , Береснев В.Н. , Надервель Т.А. , Крючков А.Д. , Суханова Т.Е.
Published: May 2020

Методами вискозиметрии, термогравиметрического анализа, ИК-спектроскопии, фазово-контрастной и поляризационной оптической микроскопии проведено исследование структуры и морфологии водных дисперсий, процесса гелеобразования и межмолекулярных взаимодействий молекул воды с неионогенным низкомолекулярным поверхностно-активным веществом Синтанол АЛМ-10 во всем диапазоне концентраций (от 0 до 100 weight %). Обнаружен полиморфизм и полидисперсность мицелл Синтанола АЛМ-10. Определен механизм гелеобразования в водных дисперсиях, содержащих от 40 до 70 weight % амфифильных молекул. Обнаружено, что увеличение концентрации в дисперсиях Синтанола АЛМ-10 сопровождается сначала появлением обратных мицелл поверхностно-активного вещества, затем --- последовательным чередованием лиотропных мезофаз, обладающих гексагональной симметрией, и новых форм связанной воды, обусловленных образованием клатратных гидратов. При этом вязкость системы существенно возрастает. При высоких концентрациях Синтанола АЛМ-10 (более 70 weight %) наблюдаются главным образом обратные мицеллы. Ключевые слова: неионогенное поверхностно-активное вещество, Синтанол АЛМ-10, мицеллы, гелеобразование, поляризационная микроскопия, вискозиметрия, термогравиметрический анализ, ИК-спектроскопия, водные дисперсии, связанная вода.
Упругие свойства растворов гуанидин гидрохлорида различной концентрации в гигагерцовом диапазоне частот
Authors: Федосеев А.И. , Колударов И.П. , Фронтцек А.В. , Дмитриев А.В. , Лушников С.Г.
Published: May 2020

Temperature dependences of hypersound velocity V(T) in solutions with different guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) concentrations have been studied by Brillouin light scattering at temperatures from 263 to 353 K. It has been shown that for low GdnHCl concentrations the V(T) dependence has a pronounced maximum. An increase in the GdnHCl concentration in the solution is accompanied by a shift of the maximum towards lower temperatures and also an increase in the absolute value of hypersound velocity and, hence, a decrease in the adiabatic compressibility in the entire temperature range studied. The temperature dependence of adiabatic compressibility at low concentrations of GndHCl is ploted. The contribution of relaxation processes to the temperature behavior of hypersound attenuation in GndHCl solutions is determined. It is shown that their behavior is thermally activated and described by Arrhenius ' law. The values of activation energy of relaxation processes are calculated. Possible mechanisms underlying the effects observed are considered.
Контроль структуры имплантов и систем доставки лекарственных соединений при помощи метода сканирующей электронной микроскопии с энергодисперсионным анализом
Authors: Сударева Н.Н. , Сапрыкина Н.Н , Буянов А.Л. , Колбе К.А. , Божкова C.А.
Published: May 2020

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive spectrometric (EDS) analysis was used for the first time in the studies of composition of several materials being developed for medical uses. Cartilage implants were obtained on the basis of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels, bacterial and plant cellulose samples; dynamics of changes in implant composition and composition of near-boundary zones was demonstrated. This dynamics is indicative of dependence of osteointegration process on the nature of cellulose sample. The systems intended for protein delivery and based on porous vaterites (СаСО3) were studied; these delivery systems include the composite products in which the matrices (СаСО3 cores) are coated with several pairs of polyelectrolyte layers. It was demonstrated that structures of polyelectrolyte coatings can be determined depending on the coating methods; localization of encapsulated protein in СаСО3 cores was established.
Стимуляция экспрессии гена col2a1 низкоинтенсивным лазерным излучением--инструмент для индукции образования хрящевой ткани
Authors: Божокин М.С. , Вчерашний Д.Б. , Ястребов С.Г. , Бейлинсон Л.Л. , Хотин М.Г.
Published: May 2020

Multipotent stem cells rat bone marrow irradiated with a low-intensity red laser beam (0.63 µm, 1.7 mW) demonstrated an increase of expression of col2a1 gene that is responsible for the synthesis of type II collagen, which is one of the most abundant proteins of the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage. The results show the applicability this effect in the treatment of diseases whose development is associated with surface damage of articular cartilage.
Colpocleisis: evolución y complicaciones en mujeres del Quindío, Colombia, 2009-2019
Authors: Espitia De La Hoz Franklin José
Published: May 2020

Objetivo. Evaluar y describir los resultados posoperatorios de la colpocleisis en una población de mujeres del Quindío. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal. En una población de mujeres mayores de 69 años, con prolapso genital ≥ al grado III, sexualmente inactivas y sin interés por preservar la función sexual coital; se les realizó la colpocleisis de LeFort (entre 2009 y 2019). La investigación se efectuó en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud privada, de nivel III, en la ciudad de Armenia. Las mujeres fueron evaluadas antes del procedimiento, luego en las primeras 2 semanas, a los 6 meses, a los 12 meses y después cada año. Resultados. Se operaron 102 mujeres, 69 (67,64 %) por prolapso grado IV y 33 (32,35 %) grado III. La edad media fue de 75,39 ± 8,46 años, con un IMC de 27,48 ± 7,59. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 45,93 ± 18,63 minutos. La mediana de la hemorragia transquirúrgica fue de 75 mL. El éxito quirúrgico alcanzado fue del 98,03 %. Conclusiones. La colpocleisis de LeFort, como tratamiento del prolapso genital ≥ al grado III, ofrece una tasa de mejoría cercana al 98,03 %, con mínimas complicaciones.
The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage (Preprint)
Authors: Nygren Johan
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

ABSTRACT: The discovery of Paranthropus deyiremeda in 3.3–3.5 million year old fossil sites in Afar (Haile-Selassie, 2015), together with 30% of the gorilla genome showing lineage sorting between humans and chimpanzees (Scally, 2012), and a NUMT (“nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment”) that is shared by both gorillas, humans and chimpanzees, and that dates back to 6 million years ago (Popadin, 2017), is conclusive evidence that introgression from the gorilla lineage caused the speciation of both the Australopithecus lineage and the Paranthropus lineage, providing a lens into the gorilla-like features within Paranthropus, as well as traits within Homo that originate from the gorilla branch, such as a high opposable thumb index (Almécija, 2015), an adducted great toe (Tocheri, 2011; McHenry, 2006), and large deposits of subcutaneous fat.

OBJECTIVE

The origin of our species has increasingly been discovered over the past century, through Darwin to the discovery of DNA and the double-helix, to Lucy and fossils of Australopithecines that originate from the Afar region in Ethiopia from the Pliocene. The genetic data from Scally in 2012, and Popadin in 2017, now provides conclusive evidence for how Paranthropus and Australopithecus, as two separate lineages, both speciated as a result of introgression from the gorilla lineage (Fig. 1). That introgression fills in the "missing link" and shows how the origin of our species is not one single continuous lineage, but the hybridization of both the gorilla lineage and the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, an event that occurred in the late Miocene.

METHODS

References

RESULTS

The reason 15% of your genome is closer to gorilla than to chimpanzee (Scally, 2012), is because there was introgression. That even can be dated to 6 million years ago, from a NUMT on chromosome 5, that had diverged as much as 4.5 million years at the time it was transferred to Gorilla, Pan and Homo, so since the Gorilla/Pan-Homo split around 11 million years ago. That introgression caused the speciation of both Australopithecus and Paranthropus.

CONCLUSIONS

The speciation of Australopithecus and Paranthropus was caused by introgression from the Gorilla lineage
Life Perspective and Social Health in Acid Burn Victims (Preprint)
Authors: Athar Unsa , Rahman Saad-Ur , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Ahmed Waqar , Kaleem Shaarif
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

ABSTRACT:
Life perspective, behavior, feelings and social health changes in a victim of acid burn attack.
Objective: To determine the changes and life perspective and social health in acid burn victims.
Study Design: Case report study
Study Duration and Place: The study was conducted in 6-month duration in the department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Methodology: This is a case study of unmarried woman and her young sister, who suffered acid burn violence. Two sessions were held. First was to develop the rapport while the second was an in depth interview. Data were collected using a question guide, and was analyzed using Grounded theory.
Results: The patient suffered from structural and functional loss after the incident and also suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. She feels socially stigmatized and isolated. Her life perspective has changed. She received informal social support but required formal social rehabilitation. Lack of legislation has made her feel hopeless because she has not received justice.
Conclusion: Our patient is a 20 years old woman, who suffered from an acid throwing attack from a neighbor. Her young sister who was sleeping beside suffered too. The incident has led to a negative change in her behavior, feelings, and life perspective. She is socially isolated. She has had informal support but she needs better formal support. The need of the hour is improvement of public sector rehabilitation for acid burn victims and proper legislation.
Keywords: Acid burn victims. Life perspective, social health
Assessing the diagnostic capabilities of the app DemDx in an acute care setting (Preprint)
Authors: Murphy Cian
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

DemDx is a differential diagnosis app for students and junior doctors. Starting with a patient’s presenting complaint the app goes through a step-by-process through history, examination and investigation findings to an increasingly refined differential diagnosis list until a single most likely diagnosis is reached. The aim of this project was to assess the accuracy of DemDx in an Emergency Department (ED) setting. Anonymised clinical records for 100 patients were retrospectively obtained from the ED in Beth Israel, Boston, USA. This contained the differential diagnoses from the clerking doctor, who performed the initial assessment (D1). The discharge diagnosis was used as the gold standard diagnosis (D2). D1 agreed with D2 in 74.44% of cases while DemDx agreed with D2 in 85.56% of cases (p=0.0003716). When the first, and thus most likely, differential was taken from D1 and DemDx, they agreed with D2 in 20 and 18.8% of cases, respectively (p=0.1428). This demonstration of the clinical accuracy of the app highlights how it can be a useful medical student education tool.
Evaluating Reproducibility and Transparency in Emergency Medicine Publications (Preprint)
Authors: Johnson Bradley , Rauh Shelby , Tritz Daniel , Schiesel Michael , Vassar Ben Matthew
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Reproducibility is the backbone to ensuring reliable and transparent research. However, evidence reveals reproducibility may be lacking within emergency medicine. Reproducibility is defined by the replication of a study design and obtaining similar findings. Studies that share research components such as raw data, protocols, and analysis scripts increase the overall reproducibility by aiding study replication. Due to the evidence reproducibility in emergency medicine research may be lacking, investigation of the sharing of these research components is warranted.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the reproducibility of empirical research by determining the availability of components required for replication of a study, including materials, raw data, analysis scripts, protocols, and preregistration.

METHODS

The National Library of Medicine catalog was used to identify English language and MEDLINE-indexed emergency medicine journals. From 30 journals that met the inclusion criteria, 300 publications from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018, were randomly sampled using a refined PubMed search. Two investigators were trained for data extraction and analysis and were blinded for independent extraction of data. Extracted data included statements regarding the availability of materials, data, analysis scripts, protocols, and registration.

RESULTS

After search criteria were set, 25,473 articles were found, from which we randomly selected a sample of 300. Of the 300 articles, only 290 articles were accessible, and of these, 178 articles contained empirical data to analyze. Of the empirical articles eligible for each type of statement, 3.94% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.74% to 6.14%) provided a materials statement, 9.42% (95% CI 6.11% to 12.73%) provided a data statement, 0.72% (95% CI 0% to 1.68%) provided access to the analysis scripts, 2.17% (95% CI 0.52% to 3.82%) linked the protocol, and 7.25% (95% CI 4.31% to 10.18%) were preregistered.

CONCLUSIONS

Emergency medicine studies are lacking indicators required for reproducibility. The vast majority of studies fail to report factors needed to reproduce research to ensure credibility, which requires an intervention that can be achieved through the collaboration of researchers, peer reviewers, funding agencies, and journals.
Remote Patient Monitoring Technologies for Predicting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: Review and Comparison (Preprint)
Authors: Fan Kathleen G , Mandel Jess , Agnihotri Parag , Tai-Seale Ming
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death by disease worldwide and has a 30-day readmission rate of 22.6%. In 2015, COPD was added to the Medicare Hospital Readmission Reductions Program.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper was to survey the current medical technologies for remote patient monitoring (RPM) tools that forecast COPD exacerbations in order to reduce COPD readmissions.

METHODS

We searched literature and digital health news to find commercially available RPM devices focused on predicting COPD exacerbations. These technologies were reviewed and compared according to four criteria: forecasting ability, cost, ease of use, and appearance. A rating system was developed to facilitate the evaluation process.

RESULTS

As of June 2019, a list of handheld and hands-free devices was compiled. We compared features and found substantial variations. Devices that ranked higher on all criteria tended to have a high or unlisted price. Commonly mass-marketed devices like the pulse oximeter and spirometer surprisingly fulfilled the least criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

The COPD RPM technologies with most technological promise and compatibility with daily living appear to have high or unlisted prices. Consumers and providers need better access to product information to make informed decisions.