bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventing columnar grains growth during hybrid wire arc additive manufacturing of austenitic stainless steel 316L
Authors: Albannai Abdulaziz I. , León‐Henao Henry , Ramirez Antonio J.
Published: May 2024

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an efficient technique for producing medium to large‐size components, due to its accessibility and sustainability in fabricating large‐scale parts with high deposition rates, employing low‐cost and simple equipment, and achieving high material efficiency. Consequently, WAAM has garnered attention across various industrial sectors and experienced significant growth, particularly over the last decade, as it addresses and mitigates challenges within production markets. One of the primary limitations of WAAM is its thermal history during the process, which directly influences grain formation and microstructure heterogeneity in the resulting part. Understanding the thermal cycle of the WAAM process is thus crucial for process improvement. Typically, fabricating a part using WAAM results in a microstructure with three distinct zones along the build direction: an upper zone (thin surface layer) with fine grains, a middle zone dominated by undesirably long and large columnar grains covering more than 90% of the produced part, and a lower zone with smaller to intermediate columnar grains closer to the substrate material. These zones arise from variations in cooling rates, with the middle zone exhibiting the lowest cooling rate due to 2D conduction heat transfer. Consequently, producing a component with a microstructure comprising three different zones, with a high fraction of large and long columnar grains, significantly impacts the final mechanical properties. Therefore, controlling the size and formation of these grain zones plays a key role in improving WAAM. The aim of this work is to investigate the formation of undesired columnar grains in austenitic stainless steel 316L during WAAM and propose a simple hybrid technique by combining WAAM with a hot forging process (with or without interlayer cooling time). This approach targets the disruption of the solidification pattern of columnar grain growth during deposition progression and aims to enhance the microstructure of WAAM components.
Hysteretic behavior of the segmented buckling‐resistant braces with LYP160
Authors: Xu Shuai , Hu Yuanhong , Yin Yuchao , Guo Chengxin
Published: May 2024

The goal was to evaluate the hysteretic performance of buckling‐resistant braces with low yield point steel LYP160, the monotonic tensile and cyclic loading tests of LYP160 test specimens were conducted and the cyclic constitutive relationship was obtained. According to the load–displacement curves of the specimens, the low‐yield point steel was characterized by good ductility and energy absorption ability. With consideration of the Chaboche model for the materials, the cyclic hardening parameters of low‐yield point steel were obtained. On this basis, the hysteretic properties of buckling‐resistant braces under cyclic loads were simulated and analyzed. After the analysis and comparison of buckling‐resistant braces specimens with isotropic core plate and segmented variable section core plate, it can be found that: when the conventional buckling‐resistant braces with an isotropic core plate were loaded to L/100, the lateral deformation of the buckling‐resistant brace (BRB) would reach 17 mm. Additionally, serious squeezing could be observed on the lateral restraining members. The conventional BRB would become ineffective due to the accumulation of deformation at both ends of the BRB. When the segmented buckling‐resistant brace was applied, the core plate with variable section would buckle first in the middle area, other parts could continue to consume energy thanks to the action of the limit plate. It would avoid the situation that other areas would be unable to consume energy after the core plate yields at one area first. Under the action of cyclic loads, no stiffness degradation was noted in the segmented buckling‐resistant brace. Segmented buckling‐resistant braces demonstrated superior ductility and energy dissipation capacity.
A two‐dimensional, reach‐scale implementation of space‐time image velocimetry (STIV) and comparison to particle image velocimetry (PIV)
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. , Kinzel Paul J. , Engel Frank L. , Harrison Lee R. , Hewitt Gregory
Published: May 2024

Image‐based algorithms have become a powerful tool for estimating flow velocities in rivers. In this study, we generalize the space‐time image velocimetry (STIV) framework for reach‐scale application rather than along a cross section. The new algorithm provides information on both the magnitude and orientation of velocity vectors, and we refer to the algorithm as two‐dimensional STIV, or 2D‐STIV. The workflow involves setting up a grid, using centreline tangent vectors as initial estimates of flow direction, and then extracting space‐time images (STIs) along search lines radiating from each grid node. The autocorrelation function is used to infer the inclination of streak lines present in STIs, which represents the advection of water surface features. Information on flow direction is obtained by evaluating various candidate search lines and identifying that which yields the highest velocity. This search can be performed exhaustively or via optimization. We applied the new 2D‐STIV algorithm to three test cases, one simulated data set and two natural channels, and compared image‐derived velocities to modelled or measured values. We also applied two established particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithms to the same data sets. 2D‐STIV performed as well as the two PIV algorithms for simulated images. For a natural river with distinct water surface features, 2D‐STIV was effective for much of the channel but also led to a more patchy, irregular velocity field than the two PIV algorithms. For a site lacking obvious surface features, exhaustive 2D‐STIV led to velocity estimates uncorrelated with field data while the optimization‐based version produced erratic flow directions. 2D‐STIV also required greater image sequence durations, higher frame rates, and generally longer computational run times. Overall, ensemble PIV was the most reliable algorithm.
Factors associated with institutionalization among the oldest old: Results based on the nationally representative study ‘old age in Germany (D80+)’
Authors: Hajek André , Gyasi Razak M. , König Hans‐Helmut
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To examine the factors associated with institutionalization among individuals aged 80 years and over in Germany (total sample and stratified by sex).

Methods/Design

We used data from the nationally representative ‘Old Age in Germany (D80+)’ (analytic sample: n = 9572 individuals), including individuals aged 80 years and over in Germany. Institutionalization (private living vs. institutionalization) served as an outcome measure. For the written interview, data collection took place from November 2020 to April 2021. Multiple logistic regressions of the overall sample (also stratified by sex) were applied.

Results

In the analytic sample, 10.2% (95% CI: 9.2%–11.3%) of the participants were institutionalized. The odds of being institutionalized were positively associated with being female (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.80), being 90 years and over (compared to 80–84 years, OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.40), not being married (e.g., being single compared to being married: OR: 14.06, 95% CI: 6.73 to 29.37), higher education (e.g., high education compared to low education: OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.84), more favorable self‐rated health (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.62) and greater functional impairment (OR: 15.34, 95% CI: 11.91 to 19.74). Sex‐stratified regressions were also conducted, mostly yielding similar results.

Conclusion

Our study highlighted the role of several sociodemographic factors (particularly marital status, e.g., being single) and functional impairment for the risk of institutionalization among the oldest old in Germany. This study confirms findings in studies in younger samples that functional decline is the main factor associated with institutionalization. As functional decline may be modifiable, efforts to maintain functional abilities may be important. This knowledge is important for relevant groups (such as clinicians and policy‐makers) because it may guide early intervention and prevention efforts, can help allocate healthcare resources effectively and shape policies to support independent living. Further insights using longitudinal data is recommended.
Working from home: When is it too much of a good thing?
Authors: Rudolph Cort W. , Zacher Hannes
Published: May 2024

Based on an integration of meta‐theoretical perspectives on the “too much of a good thing” effect with psychological demands and resources theories, we propose and test nonlinear relations between the percentage of time people work from home and a variety of important work‐related outcomes (i.e., professional isolation, work from home satisfaction, work from home self‐efficacy, work performance, job satisfaction). Then, also based on resource theories, we explore whether and how certain work from home resources (i.e., previous experience working from home, appropriate technologies to facilitate working from home, dedicated workspaces) buffer these nonlinear relations. Data on working from home were provided by n = 994 employees in Germany across 32 monthly measurement waves between April 2020 and December 2022. Our results support the general idea that the percentage of time people work from home has nonlinear associations with a variety of important work‐related outcomes. However, only in a few cases (i.e., work performance, job satisfaction) do these relations take the form of inverse U‐shapes that would be indicative of “too much of a good thing.” Our exploratory analysis suggests that, in several cases, work from home resources can buffer these nonlinear associations. These findings have implications for the continued development of meta‐theoretical perspectives on “too much of a good thing” and for employees' and organizations' attempts to make working from home a positive and productive experience.
Diabetic acidosis with severe fetal hypoxia in pregnancy: Narrative review and case study
Authors: Mam‐Lam‐Fouck Julia , Cheloufi Meryam , Rigouzzo Agnès , Kayem Gilles , Pinton Anne
Published: May 2024

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pregnancy could be a disastrous event with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. DKA can occur with a normal blood glucose level, known as euglycemic DKA. It particularly affects pregnant women with type I diabetes. Here, we report the case of a 28 year‐old primigravid patient, with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for 8 years. This patient consulted our department at 29 weeks of gestation with a previous history of headaches, vomiting and diarrhea for 9 h. Blood glucose level was 8.8 mmol/L with a ketone test positive (>15 mg/dL). Blood test showed high anion gap (17.9 mmol/L) with low serum bicarbonate rate (21 mmol/L). Systemic examination and fetal heart rate (FHR) was reassuring. The patient was subsequently discharged. She returned to the clinic 19 h later with further symptoms of nausea, polyuria‐polydipsia, asthenia and a weight loss of 4 kg since the day before. Blood sugar was 14.3 mmol/L and a ketone test was strongly positive. Cardiotocography showed fetal tachycardia and repeated late decelerations. A diagnosis of DKA was made and emergency cesarean was performed for fetal distress. At delivery, pH was acidosis (pH: 7.02, lactates: 6.2). The patient was successfully treated with intravenous hydration and insulin. Neonatal evolution was favorable. Pregnant women with type I diabetes can develop euglycemic DKA. Early recognition and prompt treatment could help prevent severe maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. DKA in pregnant women can induce fetal acidosis with abnormal FHR. In this situation, a cesarean can be performed to improve neonatal outcome even inducing a premature delivery. Prolonged pregnancy can lead to irreversible neonatal brain abnormalities.
Bevacizumab is associated with a higher gastrointestinal/genitourinary fistula or perforation risk in cervical cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Szu‐Ting , Liu Hung‐Hsien , Liu Chia‐Hao , Wang Liang‐Wei , Wang Peng‐Hui
Published: May 2024

Background

Bevacizumab serves as an effective treatment in cervical cancer patients with metastatic, recurrent, or advanced disease. However, gastrointestinal (GI)/genitourinary (GU) toxicities have been observed after bevacizumab treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is the mainstay of treatment of cervical cancer.

Objectives

To investigate the risk of GI/GU toxicities with bevacizumab plus RT compared with RT alone in cervical cancer patients.

Search Strategy

In this meta‐analysis, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 25, 2022.

Selection Criteria

Cohort studies evaluating the association between bevacizumab and GI/GU fistula or perforation in irradiated metastatic, recurrent, or advanced cervical cancer patients.

Data Collection and Analysis

Results are expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The inconsistency test (I2) was used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's regression test with a two‐tailed P value was used to evaluate publication bias.

Main Results

Four cohort studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 597 women included. There was a significant association between GI fistula/perforation and GU fistula/perforation in irradiated cervical cancer patients receiving bevacizumab (OR 4.03 [95% CI: 1.76–9.20] and OR 4.71 [95% CI: 1.51–14.70], respectively).

Conclusions

The bevacizumab‐containing regimen was associated with an increased risk of GI or GU toxicities in cervical cancer individuals undergoing pelvic RT. These results suggest the bevacizumab‐associated benefits and risk should be better weighted to reach an optimal treatment strategy. Further investigation on optimal dosage and timing of bevacizumab and RT is vital to minimize the adverse events and maximize the benefits.
Synergistic integration of deep learning with protein docking in cardiovascular disease treatment strategies
Authors: Yakoubi Sana
Published: May 2024

This research delves into the exploration of the potential of tocopherol‐based nanoemulsion as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through an in‐depth molecular docking analysis. The study focuses on elucidating the molecular interactions between tocopherol and seven key proteins (1O8a, 4YAY, 4DLI, 1HW9, 2YCW, 1BO9 and 1CX2) that play pivotal roles in CVD development. Through rigorous in silico docking investigations, assessment was conducted on the binding affinities, inhibitory potentials and interaction patterns of tocopherol with these target proteins. The findings revealed significant interactions, particularly with 4YAY, displaying a robust binding energy of −6.39 kcal/mol and a promising Ki value of 20.84 μM. Notable interactions were also observed with 1HW9, 4DLI, 2YCW and 1CX2, further indicating tocopherol's potential therapeutic relevance. In contrast, no interaction was observed with 1BO9. Furthermore, an examination of the common residues of 4YAY bound to tocopherol was carried out, highlighting key intermolecular hydrophobic bonds that contribute to the interaction's stability. Tocopherol complies with pharmacokinetics (Lipinski's and Veber's) rules for oral bioavailability and proves safety non‐toxic and non‐carcinogenic. Thus, deep learning‐based protein language models ESM1‐b and ProtT5 were leveraged for input encodings to predict interaction sites between the 4YAY protein and tocopherol. Hence, highly accurate predictions of these critical protein–ligand interactions were achieved. This study not only advances the understanding of these interactions but also highlights deep learning's immense potential in molecular biology and drug discovery. It underscores tocopherol's promise as a cardiovascular disease management candidate, shedding light on its molecular interactions and compatibility with biomolecule‐like characteristics.
Do analysts play a monitoring role? Evidence from exogenous changes in litigation risk
Authors: Kim Junwoo , Kim Robert , Kim Sangwan , Musa Prianka
Published: May 2024

This paper examines whether securities litigation and sell‐side equity analysts play a substitutive versus complementary role as an external governance mechanism. We expect the 1999 ruling on the stricter interpretation of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act to make it easier for firms headquartered in the Ninth Circuit to defend against securities class actions filed by shareholders, resulting in weaker protection from a litigation channel and stronger demand for analyst activity. Using a difference‐in‐differences research design, we find that analyst coverage increases as litigation risk decreases in the Ninth Circuit firms. Moreover, we find that analyst earnings forecast accuracy increases for firms in the Ninth Circuit following the ruling, consistent with analysts exerting greater efforts to perform their monitoring role. In cross‐sectional tests, we find that the substitution relation between litigation risk and analyst research is more pronounced in firms with a high level of ex‐ante litigation risk. We conduct extensive robustness tests, including another legal event exogenously increasing the risk of litigation, to gain confidence in our interpretations. We contribute to the literature by documenting causal evidence that analysts have greater incentives to provide meaningful equity research as gatekeepers in times of weaker investor protection by securities litigation.
Trauma history and course of therapy in a naturalistic cognitive behavior therapy outpatient sample: An archive data study
Authors: Epe‐Jungeblodt Franziska , Pauli Paul , Schwab Frank , Andreatta Marta
Published: May 2024

Objective

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for anxiety and depression disorders. Nonetheless, nearly 50% of all patients do not respond. Besides other factors, nonresponse may be linked to traumatic life events. This study aims to assess the relationship between trauma history, applied therapy interventions, and therapy outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed data from 340 CBT outpatients diagnosed with a depression or anxiety disorder and possibly a trauma history treated under naturalistic conditions. Based on their therapy files, we collected information on trauma history, diagnoses, applied interventions, and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms at the start and end of therapy. The relationship between trauma, diagnoses, and intervention use and the development of depression and anxiety symptoms was analyzed using Linear Mixed Models.

Results

Patients with a trauma history reported higher pre‐ and posttreatment symptom severity than those without trauma. No differences in applied interventions or decrease in symptom severity were found between patients with and without a trauma history. Specialized interventions were seldom applied.

Conclusion

Although no differences between patients with and without a trauma history were found in therapy response, patients with a trauma history maintained higher levels of symptom severity. These results indicate a need for more personalized interventions and evidence‐based guidelines to personalize CBT for patients with a trauma history and high symptom severity.
Leadership Generativity and the Social, Emotional, and Pragmatic Pivot from Crisis to Post‐Crisis
Authors: Gigliotti Ralph A.
Published: May 2024

During a time of cascading crises within organizations and societies, those engaged in leadership are called upon to respond to the pressures of the moment and to advance change that will contribute to individual and collective vitality. The work of leadership generativity becomes particularly pronounced in the social, emotional, and pragmatic pivot from crisis to post‐crisis. In response to these many internal and external pressures and opportunities, this article addresses key questions and considerations for global leadership in the aftermath of crisis. Specifically, as presented in a forthcoming book on the subject, the article introduces five leadership practices that are recognized as especially critical for post‐crisis leadership: (a) encourage learning, (b) cultivate resilience, (c) stimulate meaning‐making, (d) pursue reinvention, and (e) advance renewal.
SARS‐CoV‐2 induces blood‐brain barrier and choroid plexus barrier impairments and vascular inflammation in mice
Authors: Qiao Haowen , Deng Xiangxue , Qiu Lingxi , Qu Yafei , Chiu Yuanpu , Chen Feixiang , Xia Shangzhou , Muenzel Cheyene , Ge Tenghuan , Zhang Zixin , Song Pengfei , Bonnin Alexandre , Zhao Zhen , Yuan Weiming
Published: May 2024

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to more than 700 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus mainly infects the respiratory system, neurological complications are widely reported in both acute infection and long‐COVID cases. Despite the success of vaccines and antiviral treatments, neuroinvasiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains an important question, which is also centered on the mystery of whether the virus is capable of breaching the barriers into the central nervous system. By studying the K18‐hACE2 infection model, we observed clear evidence of microvascular damage and breakdown of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Mechanistically, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection caused pericyte damage, tight junction loss, endothelial activation and vascular inflammation, which together drive microvascular injury and BBB impairment. In addition, the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier at the choroid plexus was also impaired after infection. Therefore, cerebrovascular and choroid plexus dysfunctions are important aspects of COVID‐19 and may contribute to neurological complications both acutely and in long COVID.
Gastrointestinal digestion of olive leaf waste from olive mill production chain in a simulator of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Martínez‐Navarro María Esther , Escobar‐Talavera Jorge , Cebrián‐Tarancón Cristina , Llorens Silvia , Alonso Gonzalo L , Salinas M. Rosario
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Currently, olive leaves are considered waste, although their high phenolic content makes them a source of antioxidants that could be used directly. The aim of this work was to study the behavior of phenolic compounds contained in olive leaf from the olive mill production chain during their gastrointestinal digestion.

RESULTS

Phenolic compounds in the gastric digestion analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry increased by 58% to 314.5% compared to the meal, while in the intestinal stage they ranged from 1.87 to 9.04 times higher. An increase of between 187% and 903% in bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in the intestinal phase was observed, except for verbascoside. Furthermore, such compounds were fully bioavailable, except for apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, which showed a bioavailability of 56%.

CONCLUSION

The current study showed that the concentration of oleuropein, apigegin‐7‐O‐glucoside, hydroxytyrosol hexoside and hydroxytyrosol contained in olive leaf continued to be extracted during the gastrointestinal digestion process. Furthermore, the results obtained with respect to their bioaccessibility and bioavailability suggest a good disposition to pass into the bloodstream where they could exert beneficial effects. Therefore, these results are promising for olive leaf becoming a consumable by‐product that could be directly ingested through a simple infusion. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound Patterns of Vitiligo at High Frequency and Ultra‐High Frequency
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Araya Irene , Maass Maximiliano , Valdes Pilar , Zemelman Viviana
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To detect ultrasonographic anatomical alterations in all the skin layers in patients with vitiligo.

Methods

A prospective observational color Doppler ultrasound study was performed in nonsegmental face and/or neck vitiligo patients without a history of previous treatments. Two sites, a lesional area and a contralateral clinically healthy region, were ultrasonographically studied and compared in the same patient. All cases were studied in high‐frequency (24 MHz) and ultra‐high‐frequency (70 MHz) ultrasound devices with the highest axial spatial resolution available in the market. Demographic data of the sample, ultrasound grayscale, and color Doppler features were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Ten patients met the study criteria (60% females; mean age 49 years). All cases presented ultrasonographic undulation of the epidermis in the affected zones vs 50% in the healthy control regions, being more prominent in the vitiligo areas. Eighty percent demonstrated intense hypoechoic thin plaques in the upper dermis (subepidermal).

All vitiligo areas presented thickening and hypoechogenicity of the regional hair follicles and/or pilosebaceous units. Ninety percent showed prominent sebaceous glands, and 20% demonstrated a hypoechoic cap surrounding the sebaceous glands in the lesional areas.

Dermal hypervascularity was detected in 100% of the affected regions and 40% of the clinically healthy areas.

Conclusion

Ultrasound can identify subclinical inflammatory cutaneous patterns in the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, pilosebaceous units, and sebaceous glands in vitiligo. This noninvasive information can support early detection, monitoring, and research, including the clinical trials of drugs used to manage this devastating disease.
Compatibility study of topical 0.25% hypericin (HyBryteTM) application in subjects with mycosis fungoides: Results of the HPN‐CTCL‐02 study
Authors: Alexander‐Savino Carolina V. , Rumage Adam , Pullion Christopher , Straube Richard , Schaber Christopher J. , Gilmore Elaine S. , Poligone Brian
Published: May 2024

Background

HyBryteTM is a photodynamic therapy of topical hypericin that has recently been shown to be safe and efficacious in early stage cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, its efficacy, absorption, and effect on heart function parameters in patients who require greater HyBryteTM exposure is unknown.

Objectives

The primary objectives in this study were to assess hypericin blood levels using a validated detection method with a cut‐off value of 0.05 ng/mL and to determine if topical HyBryteTM induces any electrocardiogram (EKG) changes during 8 weeks of treatment. A secondary endpoint of this study was to assess the effectiveness of HyBryteTM in this patient population as well as assessing a different additional light device than the one used in the Phase 3 HPN‐CTCL‐01/fluorescent light activated synthetic hypericin trial also entitled “A phase 3 multicenter randomised placebo‐controlled study to determine the efficacy of topical hypericin and light irradiation for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma”.

Methods

A confirmatory, prospective, open‐label, single‐centre, interventional study focused on stage IB and IIA mycosis fungoides with more than 10% of their body surface areas involved was performed.

Results

Hypericin concentration in K2EDTA whole blood samples collected before and after light activation at Weeks 4, 6 and 8 showed an average blood concentration of 0.13 ng/mL and achieved steady state by Week 4. EKGs were examined for clinical changes at each study visit, including changes in QT intervals and correction of heart rates. No significant clinical changes in EKGs were observed.

Conclusions

Hypericin does not appear to be significantly absorbed through the skin nor cause significant cardiac changes overall or prolong the QT interval when applied topically. A larger study is necessary to clearly define these results.
Pan‐Arctic distribution modeling reveals climate‐change‐driven poleward shifts of major gelatinous zooplankton species
Authors: Pantiukhin Dmitrii , Verhaegen Gerlien , Havermans Charlotte
Published: May 2024

Anthropogenic activities, including climate change, are hypothesized to cause increases in gelatinous zooplankton population sizes and blooms. In the most rapidly changing ecosystem, the Arctic Ocean, this hypothesis has not yet been verified, and gelatinous zooplankton is commonly excluded from large‐scale modeling studies. Our modeling study is based on an extensive biogeographic dataset, aggregating from four open‐source databases (Ocean Biodiversity Information System, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Jellyfish Database Initiative, and PANGAEA). It includes data on eight of the most reported gelatinous zooplankton taxa of the pan‐Arctic region (Aglantha digitale, Sminthea arctica, Periphylla periphylla, Cyanea capillata, Oikopleura vanhoeffeni, Fritillaria borealis, Mertensia ovum, and Beroe spp.). By coupling three‐dimensional species distribution models with oceanographic components from the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM1.2), run for historical (1950–2014) and future (2050–2099) periods under the shared socioeconomic pathway SSP370 scenario forcing, we identified species with expanding or contracting habitat ranges in response to climate change. Our projections indicated a general tendency for gelatinous zooplankton distributions to shift, with varying degrees of suitable habitat expansion (largest for the scyphozoan C. capillata ~ +180%) or contraction (largest for the hydrozoan Sm. arctica ~ −15%). Seven of the eight species modeled, which—similar to the majority of gelatinous taxa occurring in the Arctic Ocean—predominantly represented arcto‐boreal and boreal taxa, are projected to shift to northern latitudes. Hence, profound impacts on the Arctic marine environment and associated ecosystem services can be expected.
Effect of KCl on high‐temperature corrosion of low‐alloyed steel under low oxygen partial pressure
Authors: Moya Núñez Alice , Norling Rikard
Published: May 2024

Low oxygen environments in biomass gasification and the presence of chlorine in feedstocks can influence the corrosion rate of steel by affecting the formation of protective oxide scales. The effect of KCl on the high‐temperature corrosion of low‐alloyed steel (13CrMo4‐5) under low oxygen partial pressure is investigated by KCl salt spray (0.1 mg·cm−2) and exposure to 3 vol% H2 + 30 vol% H2O + Ar (balance) at 500°C for up to 168 h. Specimens without KCl salt are exposed for reference. Specimens are characterized after exposure by mass change, SEM/EDS, and XRD. KCl‐deposited specimens exhibit about 30% lower mass gain after exposure compared to non‐sprayed specimens. Their scale shows a porous innermost layer and a denser layer on top. No Fe or Cr chlorides are identified. The specimens without salt exhibit a similar two‐layered scale, with a porous inner Fe‐Cr oxide, followed by a denser and thicker Fe‐oxide above. KCl could potentially protect the surface from further degradation by physically covering the specimen, altering the scale morphology, and forming a less permeable barrier, hindering the transport of species through the scale.
Water‐Soluble Luminescent Polymers with Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Based on the α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Sheng Chengju , Gao Xiujuan , Ding Yanjun , Guo Mingming
Published: May 2024

Nonconventional luminophores have received increasing attention, owing to their fundamental importance, advantages in outstanding biocompatibility, easy preparation, environmental friendliness, and potential applications in sensing, imaging, and encryption. Purely organic molecules with outstanding fluorescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have emerged as a new library of benign afterglow agents. However, the cost, toxicity, high reactivity, and poor stability of materials also limit their practical applications. Therefore, some natural products, synthetic compounds, and biomolecules have entered horizons of people. The as‐designed exhibits sky blue and green fluorescence emission and green RTP emission (a lifetime of 343 ms and phosphorescence quantum of 15.3%) under air condition. This study presents an organic fluorescence for biological imaging and RTP for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption based on amino acids, maleic anhydride and 4‐vinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate. This study provides a strategy for nonconventional luminophores in designing and synthesizing pure organic RTP materials.
Dual activities of a silencing information regulator complex in yeast transcriptional regulation and DNA‐damage response
Authors: Rybchuk Josephine , Xiao Wei
Published: May 2024

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae silencing information regulator (SIR) complex contains up to four proteins, namely Sir1, Sir2, Sir3, and Sir4. While Sir2 encodes a NAD‐dependent histone deacetylase, other SIR proteins mainly function as structural and scaffold components through physical interaction with various proteins. The SIR complex displays different conformation and composition, including Sir2 homotrimer, Sir1‐4 heterotetramer, Sir2‐4 heterotrimer, and their derivatives, which recycle and relocate to different chromosomal regions. Major activities of the SIR complex are transcriptional silencing through chromosomal remodeling and modulation of DNA double‐strand‐break repair pathways. These activities allow the SIR complex to be involved in mating‐type maintenance and switching, telomere and subtelomere gene silencing, promotion of nonhomologous end joining, and inhibition of homologous recombination, as well as control of cell aging. This review explores the potential link between epigenetic regulation and DNA damage response conferred by the SIR complex under various conditions aiming at understanding its roles in balancing cell survival and genomic stability in response to internal and environmental stresses. As core activities of the SIR complex are highly conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans, knowledge obtained in the yeast may apply to mammalian Sirtuin homologs and related diseases.
On Lyapunov functions for random one‐sided systems in terms of nonuniform exponential stability with applications
Authors: Albescu Oana , Elena Biris Larisa , Ceausu Traian , Popa Ioan‐Lucian
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigate the nonuniform exponential stability and nonuniform exponential instability concepts for a linear random one‐sided system. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for these concepts. As an extension for this study, we establish Lyapunov‐type characterizations using Lyapunov functions and Lyapunov norms. Additionally, we illustrate the essential properties that are derived in these directions for the adjoint and inverse systems associated for the original linear random one‐sided system.
Stability condition for nilpotent singularities by its complex separatrices
Authors: Giné Jaume
Published: May 2024

This work is focused in the center problem for nilpotent singularities of differential systems in the plane. Although there are involved methods to approach the center problem in this work, we present a new stability criteria based on the existence of the complex separatrices passing through the singular point, and independent of the normal form. The algebraic method needs only the computation of such complex separatrices up to certain order, which can be done with a computer algebra package.
The influence of roll angles on unsteady aerodynamics in a canard‐configured missile
Authors: Wei Kai , Chen Shaosong , Tang Dongdong , Xu Yihang , Lyu Xujian , Chen Qing
Published: May 2024

During the initial stage of vertical launch, a missile may exhibit an uncertain roll angle (φ) and a high angle of attack (α). This study focuses on examining the impact of roll angle variations on the flow field and the unsteady aerodynamics of a canard‐configured missile at α = 75°. Simulations were performed using the validated k‐ω SST turbulence model. The analysis encompasses the temporal development of vortices, the oscillatory characteristics of the lateral force, and the fluctuation of kinetic energy distribution within the framework of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The results indicate that the flow field surrounding the canard‐configured missile is characterized by inconsistent shedding cycles of Kármán‐like and canard‐separated vortices. A distinct transition zone is identified between these vortices, where vortex tearing and reconnection phenomena occur. With increasing roll angles from 0° to 45°, there is an observed shift in the dominant frequency of the lateral force from the higher frequency associated with Kármán‐like vortex shedding to the lower frequency of canard vortex shedding. The shedding frequency of Kármán‐like vortices corresponds to the harmonics of the canard vortex shedding frequency, indicative of a higher‐order harmonic resonance. The frequency of the lateral force is observed to decrease with an increase in roll angle, except in configurations lacking distinct canard‐separated vortices, which are characterized by a “+” shape. The POD analysis reveals that the majority of the fluctuation energy is concentrated in the oscillations and shedding of the canard‐separated vortices, leading to pressure fluctuations that are primarily observed on the canard and the downstream region of the canard.
“Age as a determinant of new donor acquisition and year‐on‐year retention in the university healthcare fundraising context”
Authors: Hoskins Amanda L. , Hoskins Jake D.
Published: May 2024

Scholars and practitioners have long viewed an individual's age to be a key predictor of giving outcomes. Specifically, older individuals are expected to be more philanthropic than younger individuals are. Utilizing a ten‐year dataset from a Research One university in the United States, donation histories to health areas of the campus are matched with patient visit records from the university's affiliated hospitals and clinics system to empirically examine this accepted wisdom. The initial findings confirm basic expectations around donor acquisition as older prospects are acquired at higher rates than younger prospects. However, once the organization acquires and solicits donors, age's associative impact on retention rate becomes flat to negative, which indicates support for the alternative view that many younger donor prospects may have capacity and willingness to give. The role of giving purpose is also compared and contrasted among younger and older donor prospects, showing that managers of nonprofits can strategically solicit each population uniquely with targeted approaches to drive higher total fundraising success. The key results are discussed and both implications for theory and practice are derived in the process.
Human epicardial fat has a beige profile and contains higher type 2 innate lymphoid cells than subcutaneous fat
Authors: Doukbi Elisa , Ancel Patricia , Dutour Anne , Soghomonian Astrid , Ahmed Shaista , Castejon Victoria , Piperoglou Christelle , Gariboldi Vlad , Lenoir Marien , Lechevallier Eric , Gondran‐Tellier Bastien , Boissier Romain , Ebbo Mikael , Vély Frédéric , Gaborit Bénédicte
Published: May 2024

Objective

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat that has been associated with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. Previous work has revealed that EAT exhibits beige features.

Methods

First, a new pan‐genomic microarray analysis was performed on previously collected paired human EAT and thoracic subcutaneous AT (thSAT) from the EPICAR study (n = 31) to decipher a specific immune signature and its link with browning genes. Then, adaptive (T and B cells) and innate lymphoid cell (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) immunophenotyping assay panels, including CD127, CD117, and prostaglandin D2 receptor 2, were performed on prospectively collected paired human multiorgan donors (n = 18; INTERFACE study).

Results

In the EPICAR study, a positive correlation between the T helper cell subtype Th2 immune pathway and browning genes was found in EAT versus thSAT (r = 0.82; p < 0.0001). In the INTERFACE study, this correlation was also observed (r = 0.31; p = 0.017), and a preponderance of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, and a few B cells was observed in all ATs (p < 0.0001). An increase in ILCs was observed in visceral AT (VAT) (i.e., EAT + VAT; 30 ± 5 ILCs per gram of AT) compared with subcutaneous counterparts (i.e., thSAT + abdominal SAT; 8 ± 2 ILCs per gram of AT; p = 0.001), with ILC1 being the most frequent (ILC1 > ILC3 > ILC2). Numbers of ILCs per gram of AT correlated with several Th2 or browning genes (IL‐13, TNF receptor superfamily member 9 [TNFRSF9], and alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated [ALPL]). Interestingly, a specific increase in EAT‐ILC2 compared with other ATs was observed, including a significant proportion expressing CD69 and/or CD25 activation markers (97.9% ± 1.2%; p < 0.0001). Finally, more natural killer cells were observed in EAT + VAT than in thSAT + abdominal SAT (p = 0.01). Exclusion of patients with coronary artery disease in the EPICAR and INTERFACE studies did not modify the main findings. Gene expression phenotyping confirmed specific upregulation of Th2 pathway and browning genes (IL‐33 and uncoupling protein 1 [UCP‐1]) in EAT.

Conclusions

This is the first study, to our knowledge, to provide a comparison between innate and adaptive lymphoid cells in human EAT. Further studies are ongoing to decipher whether these cells could be involved in EAT beiging.

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Wildlife following people: A multidisciplinary assessment of the ancient colonization of the Mediterranean Basin by a long‐lived raptor
Authors: Moleón Marcos , Graciá Eva , García Nuria , Gil‐Sánchez José M. , Godinho Raquel , Beja Pedro , Palma Luís , Real Joan , Hernández‐Matías Antonio , Muñoz A. Román , Arrondo Eneko , Sánchez‐Zapata José A.
Published: May 2024

Modern humans widely shaped present ecosystems through intentional and unintentional geographical redistribution of wildlife, both in historical and pre‐historical times. However, the patterns of ancient human‐mediated indirect changes in wildlife range are largely unknown, and the mechanisms behind them remain obscure.

We used a multidisciplinary approach to (a) reconstruct the process of colonization of the Mediterranean Basin by a long‐lived bird of prey, the Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata), and (b) test the hypothesis that this colonization was unintentionally favoured by anatomically modern humans through a release of competition by dominant species, primarily golden eagles (A. chrysaetos).

The fossil record of Bonelli's eagles in the Mediterranean Basin was restricted to the last c. 50 ky. This timing matches the period of modern human presence in Europe. Distribution modelling showed that Bonelli's eagles find more suitable conditions in interglacial periods, while glacial maxima are largely unfavourable unless in coastal refugia. In agreement with this, all Bonelli's eagle's fossils were found in coastal areas, and demographic inference from genetic data revealed a drop in the effective population size by around the last glacial maximum.

In today's communities, we found a strongly asymmetric competitive relationship between (subordinate) Bonelli's and (dominant) golden eagles, with the former occupying far more humanized areas than the latter both at the landscape scale and the local (i.e. nesting cliff) scale. Moreover, the nesting habitat overlap analysis indicated that, in the absence of the other species, a notably higher population of Bonelli's eagle, but not of golden eagle, could be expected.

Our findings are consistent with the human‐mediated competitor release hypothesis, by which anatomically modern humans could have unintentionally favoured the large‐scale colonization by Bonelli's eagles of a previously competitively hostile Mediterranean Basin. Reconstructing the role of ancient humans in shaping present ecosystems may help to understand the historical, current and future population trajectories of competing species of conservation concern under the ongoing scenario of global environmental change. It also illustrates how human‐mediated apparent competition may promote large‐scale redistribution and colonization of wildlife, including long‐lived species.

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Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and Hydrocotyle umbellata L. identification and quality assessment: A methodology comparison
Authors: Noppradit Benjaporn , Klinnawee Lompong , Leeratiwong Charan , Praparatana Rachanida , Puttarak Panupong
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Centella is an important genus in the Apiaceae family. It includes Centella asiatica, which has significant edible and medicinal values. However, this species is easily confused due to its similar morphological traits to Hydrocotyle umbellata, hindering its utilization in the consumer and pharmacological industries.

Objective

The study aims to differentiate these two closely related plant species using reliable methods of confirming the authenticity of natural herbal medicines.

Methods

Our work mainly focuses on the basic morphological characteristics, chemical markers, genetic fingerprints, and their biological responses.

Results

The plants can be clearly differentiated using their leaf shapes, stipules, petioles, inflorescences, and fruit structures. Although the phytochemical compositions of the C. asiatica extract were similar to that of H. umbellata which included flavonoids, tannins, and saponins important to the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing of wounds, the H. umbellata extract showed significantly higher toxicity than that of C. asiatica. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify chemical fingerprints. The result revealed that C. asiatica had major triterpene glycoside constituents including asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madecassic acid, which have a wide range of medicinal values. In contrast, triterpenoid saponins were not identified in H. umbellata. Furthermore, using SCoT1–6 primers was possible to effectively and sufficiently created a dendrogram which successfully identified the closeness of the plants and confirmed the differences between the two plant species.

Conclusion

Therefore, differentiation can be achieved through the combination of morphometrics, molecular bioactivity, and chemical analysis.
Shifting perspectives: High school students' evaluations of a social norms campaign to reduce bullying and sexual harassment and promote helping behavior
Authors: Livingston Jennifer A. , Bellavia Gina M. , Manges Margaret , Ostolski Shelby , Nickerson Amanda B.
Published: May 2024

Bullying and sexual harassment are commonly experienced by secondary students, yet these behaviors are seldom targeted for intervention in high schools. Norms and Bystander Intervention Training (NAB IT!) is a program designed to address bullying and sexual harassment through promoting prosocial norms and helping behaviors among high school students. This mixed methods study examined students' receptivity to and perceptions of the NAB IT! social norms campaign. The campaign was delivered over 7 weeks in a suburban high school (grades 9–12) in the northeastern United States. Twenty‐eight students (60.7% females; 25.0% males; 7.2% genderqueer/gender non‐conforming/transgender) participated in focus group discussions and provided quantitative ratings of the campaign. Participants were White (82.1%), Asian (7.1%), Multiracial (7.1%), and African American (3.6%). Students appreciated the prosocial messaging and believed that the campaign raised awareness of bullying and sexual harassment. Students reported that the campaign elicited greater self‐reflection and discussion about potentially harmful behaviors. Nonetheless, some students doubted the credibility of the messages and noted incongruence between the messages and what they have observed in the school. Students indicated the need for more skills training for themselves and for faculty.