bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Ilyas , Muchtaruddin Mansyur  , Pudji Sari  , Dwi Anita Suryandari  , Pramudianto
Published: April 2021

Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.
Vaksinasi COVID-19 bagi Pekerja, Harapan Pulihnya Produktivitas
Authors: Muchtaruddin Mansyur
Published: April 2021

Pandemi COVID-19 dan Produktifitas

Pandemi COVID-19 telah berdampak merugikan masyarakat, tidak hanya kesakitan dan kematian tetapi juga pada berbagai bidang sosial dan ekonomi. Efek pandemi dengan berbagai situasi yang berhubungan seperti pembatasan kegiatan, pembatasan perdagangan, pembatasan pergerakan, dan penguncian daerah menyebabkan terbatasnya kegiatan berbagai sektor produksi. Pada bulletin Word Food Program COVID-19: Economic and Food Security Implications (4th Edition)1 merilis data tentang situasi Indonesia setelah 9 bulan mengalami masa pandemi. Dari data yang disampaikan didapatkan bahwa Product Domestic Bruto (PDB) Indonesia terus menyusut selama kuartal kedua berturut-turut karena pandemi, dengan tingkat inflasi tahunan meningkat menjadi 1,6% pada November 2020. Harapan optimis dengan gambaran secara berangsur adanya pertumbuhan positif di semua sektor ekonomi.
Foreign Aid Contribution for the Development of Nepal
Authors: Mishra Anjay Kumar , Aithal P. S.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Nepal is small and beautiful country with a great deficiency in infrastructure development. Foreign aid is believed as key component for development in Nepal. The Paper aims to assess foreign aid contribution for developing Nepal.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data from 2001/02 to 2014/15 with special reference to Swiss aid. The correlation and regression with normality test have been applied to conform the contributory association among GDP, Swiss Aid and total Aid.
Findings/Result: The real GDP and Aid are highly associated. The regression line is well fit and explained that 85 percent real GDP depends on Swiss aid and the remaining 14 percent other variables. The coefficient of LNTAD is 0.35 and it shows that one percent increase in the total aid increases real GDP by 0.35 percent. The coefficient of LNTAD is positive and significant, meaning that the increase in the total aid increases economic growth in Nepal. By using Brush- Godfery LM test, the P value is more than 5 five percent, which is 32 percent indicates that there is no autocorrelation among the error terms.
Originality/Value: It is an empirical research to signify the contribution of aid for development of Nepal using inferential model.
Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research
Hypoxic and Normoxic-Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Free Lysate for Anticancer Therapies
Authors: WIDOWATI Wahyu , JASAPUTRA Diana Krisanti , KUSUMA Hanna Sari Widya , RIZAL Rizal , LAKSMITAWATI Dian Ratih , ARTIE Dwi Surya , SHOLIHAH Ika Adhani , YUSEPANY Dewani Tediana , LESTARI Riyani , HANDAYANI Rr. Anisa Siwianti , ARUMWARDANA Seila , MURTI Harry , BACHTIAR Indra , SUBANGKIT Mawar
Published: April 2021

Cancer can be defined as a disease in which a group of uncontrolled cells growth by ignoring the rules of normal cell division. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are one of the promising cell-based therapies for anticancer therapies. Preceding research had disclosed that conditioned medium from hypoxic-treated human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs-hypoCM) and normoxic-treated hWJMSCs (hWJMSCs-norCM) can inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cell lines and have no cytotoxic effect on normal cells. The present study, hence, measured the effect of a human Wharton’s jelly stem cells cell-free lysate (hWJMSCs-CL), cultured with hypoxic condition (hWJMSCs-hypoCL), and normoxic condition (hWJMSCs-norCL) towards several cancer cell lines including ovarian (SKOV3), cervical (HeLa), tongue squamosa (HSC3), and liver (HepG2) proliferation. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human fibroblast cells, and mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) were used as control. Both hWJMSCs-CL grown in hypoxic and normoxic conditions could inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cell lines with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) 21.09 - 95.92 μg/mL and could cause low inhibition of the normal cells with IC50 409.19 - 799.74 μg/mL. The hWJMSCs-hypoCL and hWJMSC-norCL could inhibit various cancer and were not harmful to normal cells.
Assessment of Soil Erosion by RUSLE Model using Remote Sensing and GIS of Indla-Ghatkhed, District-Amravati, Maharashtra
Authors: Ingole N. W. , Vinchurkar S. S.
Published: April 2021

The catchment boundary of Indla Ghatkhed watershed covers an area about 14..62 sq km. The erosion is a natural geomorphic process occurring continually over the earth’s surface and it largely depends on topography, vegetation, soil and climatic variables and, therefore, exhibits pronounced spatial variability due to catchments heterogeneity and climatic variation. This problem can be circumvented by discrediting the catchments into approximately homogeneous sub-areas using Geographic Information System (GIS). Soil erosion assessment modeling was carried out based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). A set of factors are involved in RUSLE equation are A = Average annual soil loss (mt/ha/year), R = Rainfall erosivity factor (mt/ha/year), k = Soil erodibility factor, LS = Slope length factor, C = Crop cover management factor, P = Supporting conservation practice factor. These factors extracted from different surface features by analysis and brought in to raster format. The output depicts the amount of sediment rate from a particular grid in spatial domain and the pixel value of the outlet grid indicates the sediment yield at the outlet of the watershed.
Deep Learning Based Image Enhancement using Super Resolution
Authors: Das Nihar , Sharma Nisarg , Shebare Vaishnavi , Dawda Parth , Gourkhede Prajakta , Gandhewar Prof. Nisarg
Published: April 2021

With the ever-growing field of microscopy there is pretty much a necessity of high - resolution microscopic images. A microscope may have powerful magnifying lenses, but if the resolution is poor, the magnified image is just blur and no useful insights can be gained from such images. Traditional techniques like Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) are not feasible enough for proper use and current solutions based on deep learning assume that the input image is noise free. Based on our research and existing applications related to deep learning-based image enhancement, our proposed solution of deep learning based General Adversarial Network (GAN), will help jointly denoise and super-resolved microscopy images. Thus, this project has competitive applications in different research areas including biomedical microscopy, medical diagnosis, astronomical research, surveillance or investigation, etc., and many other areas as well.
Modelo de Drude e a interação da luz com a matéria
Authors: Kneubil Fabiana
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho, discutimos aspectos das dimensões fenomenológica e teórica do conhecimento físico e o papel dos modelos como ponte unificadora dessas duas facetas do conhecimento. No âmbito do ensino, percebe-se que as teorias ensinadas são pouco relacionadas aos fenômenos do cotidiano. Por isso, enfatizamos a importância do uso de modelos como instrumentos capazes de promover uma ligação entre o mundo abstrato, representado pelas teorias e o mundo palpável, representado pelos fenômenos. Com o objetivo de dar realidade à infinidade de nuances que o conhecimento físico contempla, exploramos um modelo, chamado modelo de Drude, voltado para cursos introdutórios de eletromagnetismo do ensino superior. Este exemplo descreve como é a interação de ondas eletromagnéticas com a matéria. O principal objetivo é explicitar, de maneira mais clara possível, as ligações entre ideias físicas, representadas pela teoria do eletromagnetismo, e o mundo fenomenológico, de modo a possibilitar que professores e estudantes de física tenham uma relação com o conhecimento mais epistemológica e rica.
Trabalhando a materialidade textual na licenciatura em física: como licenciando(a)s escolhem, analisam e propõem textos para o ensino da teoria quântica
Authors: Setlik Joselaine , Silva Henrique César da
Published: April 2021

Refletir sobre a materialidade de textos que circulam conhecimentos científicos pode potencializar a criação e as práticas de mediação de leituras de tais textos nos contextos de ensino-aprendizagem. Neste estudo, na perspectiva do entremeio entre epistemologia e linguagem, buscaram-se diálogos entre as teorias de Ludwik Fleck e Mikhail Bakhtin para elaborar uma trajetória analítica para análise de textos que circulam conhecimentos científicos. A trajetória analítica proposta pode possibilitar a professores e pesquisadores, do Ensino Superior ou Educação Básica, melhor compreender os materiais textuais que circulam conhecimentos científicos para assim integrar tais materiais e reflexões às suas práticas de ensino. Com esta perspectiva, é proposta uma sequência de aulas (com foco na discussão da trajetória analítica anteriormente elaborada) para uma disciplina de Metodologia de Ensino de Física de um curso de Licenciatura em Física, e analisada uma atividade que a compõe, envolvendo escolha, análise e proposta de textos no ensino de Física Quântica pelos licenciandos. Como resultados da atividade didática, evidencia-se que as respostas dos estudantes dialogam com diferentes momentos formativos da graduação, sendo que o contexto geral da disciplina (de discussões sobre linguagem, textos e leitura) potencializou os resultados alcançados na atividade didática, na qual os estudantes mobilizaram diferentes elementos da trajetória analítica e conhecimentos sobre textos e práticas de leitura na execução da atividade de seleção e análise material de um texto sobre Física Quântica, a ser inserido no ensino.
Proposta de atividade experimental para estudos de frequências de um marcador de tempo usando arduino
Authors: Silva Osmar Henrique Moura da , Schmidt Luiz Fernando , Laburú Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2021

O trabalho contribui com uma proposta simples que adapta o dispositivo Arduino em aparelhos Marcadores de Tempo alternativos e de custo reduzido, a fim de indicar diretamente as frequências de marcação. A adaptação permite novas possibilidades de medidas experimentais, como, por exemplo, a sugerida no manuscrito e que trata de erro experimental sistemático quando da determinação da aceleração da gravidade. No caso, pode-se constatar que as medidas dão valores ligeiramente inferiores a 9,8 m/s² em razão dos atritos envolvidos na atividade, assim, permitindo discutir com os estudantes a influência dessas causas de erros.
Apuntes sobre una posible agenda de investigación para la didáctica de la física en Latinoamérica
Authors: Adúriz-Bravo Agustín
Published: April 2021

En este editorial examino críticamente algunos aspectos salientes del “estado del arte” de la didáctica de la física en nuestro continente. Baso mis reflexiones en revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis, estudios epistemológicos, libros para la formación docente, testimonios de investigadores veteranos y documentos de trabajo producidos desde nuestra comunidad académica. Discuto la posibilidad de una agenda para la didáctica de la física “en”, “de” y “para” Latinoamérica.
Valores relativos ao trabalho e perspectiva de futuro para a geração Z
Authors: Pauli Jandir , Guadagnin Alana , Ruffatto Juliane
Published: April 2021

A Geração Z está ingressando no mercado de trabalho e compreender seus valores é importante para dimensionar o espaço do trabalho em suas vidas, bem como as expectativas organizacionais e sociais a ele associadas. Esta questão é relevante para as organizações  desenvolverem políticas de atração e engajamento específicas, dado quea literatura aponta que os valores relativos ao trabalho da geração Z são distintos das gerações anteriores. Esse artigo visa a descrever a influência dos valores relativos ao trabalho na expectativa de futuro para integrantes da geração Z. Foi realizado uma pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, de tipo Survey, com 224 jovens em idade escolar e que ainda não estão no mercado de trabalho. Entre os resultados, evidencia-se a influência dos valores ligados a estabilidade, diversidade no trabalho e relações sociais autênticas na expectativa de futuro destes jovens. Observou-se também que o prestígio exerce influência negativa na expectativa de futuro, indicando a busca por relações horizontais e orientadas para a transformação social.
Tradução de textos selecionados da obra de Bertha Pappenheim
Authors: Pavan Cláudia Fernanda
Published: April 2021

Bertha Pappenheim ficou mais conhecida pelo seu codinome, Anna O. – o caso que abre a coletânea Estudos sobre a Histeria (1895), organizada por Josef Breuer e Sigmund Freud. Ela foi, contudo, muito mais do que um caso de histeria. No presente trabalho, apresento a tradução do alemão para o português de dois textos que fazem parte da obra Sisyphus Arbeit. Reisebriefe aus den Jahren 1911 und 1912. [Trabalho de Sísifo. Cartas de viagem dos anos 1911 e 1912], publicada pela primeira vez em 1912 e na qual Bertha Pappenheim discute a grave situação de vulnerabilidade das mulheres judias na Galícia e no Oriente Médio. Os textos selecionados foram: Die “Immoralität der Galizianerinnen” (A “imoralidade das mulheres da Galícia”) e Schutz der Frauen und Mädchen. Das Problem in allen Zeiten und Ländern (Proteção das mulheres e das meninas. Um problema pertinente a todos os tempos e todos os países).
Poética da penumbra, poética da escuridão
Authors: Mataveli Danilo
Published: April 2021

Com base nas leituras de poemas do chileno Nicanor Parra (1914-2018) e do argentino Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1989), este estudo investiga a construção do que chamei de uma poética da penumbra ou poética da escuridão. O objetivo foi investigar as manifestações da imagem da sombra, da falta de luz ou de visão como possibilidade de outras experiências tanto no campo da arte quanto do saber. No caminho oposto ao de uma perspectiva iluminista, fundada na ideia de esclarecimento, evolução e progresso, a poética da penumbra e a poética da escuridão (gradações de um mesmo espectro criativo) conduzem a uma tomada de consciência histórica por parte do indivíduo, levado a compreender sua situação histórica por meio de uma abordagem dialética e não linear de suas próprias práticas, comportamentos e reflexões.
Como se a ficção de fato desviasse os rios
Authors: Radünz Dennis Lauro
Published: April 2021

O naturalista Fritz Müller publicou o artigo “Der Minhocão”, em 1877, na revista alemã Zoologische Garten, coletando depoimentos sobre o anelídeo descomunal que teria sido avistado nos estados de Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo. Objeto desta leitura, o relato científico oitocentista é lido a partir da teoria do deslocamento das ideias de Filosofia do como se (Philosophie des Als Ob, 1911), de Hans Vaihinger, com elementos de Wolfgang Iser (fictício, imaginário) e Vilém Flusser (fábula filosófica Vampyrotheutis Infernalis). Nessa leitura, descrições de zoologia alterna de Guimarães Rosa e Wilson Bueno, um poema de Fritz Müller e fragmento de Galáxias, de Haroldo de Campos, são contrapontos que exploram lindes entre ficção e fato, entre ficção, hipótese e dogma científico.
Etnobotânica das plantas medicinais no município de Parari, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: De Araújo Amanda Miguel , Rodrigues Erimágna de Morais , Moura Débora Coelho
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento florístico das plantas medicinais nativas e exóticas utilizadas pelos munícipes de Parari- PB, além de realizar um estudo socioeconômico da população. Para isso foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada tanto no que concerne aos vegetais cultivados, quanto a situação socioeconômica da família. Os resultados apontaram que a população do município é composta, principalmente, por agricultores, aposentados e funcionários públicos municipais. No que diz respeito às plantas medicinais, foram registradas 13(treze) famílias botânicas utilizadas para no controle de afecções respiratórias, gastrointestinais e urinárias. Além disso, as indicações terapêuticas das plantas, realizadas pelos raizeiros, são cientificamente pertinentes.
O Programa “Produtor de Água” como proposta de fortalecimento socioeconômico e de recuperação dos recursos naturais
Authors: Benincá Mainara da Costa , Clemente Evandro César
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o programa “Produtor de Água” - PPA no município de Rio Verde-Goiás, de forma a averiguar em que medida este tem contribuído para o fortalecimento socioeconômico dos envolvidos, bem como na recuperação dos recursos naturais locais. Como estratégia metodológica, realizou-se um levantamento teórico com base na compreensão de conceitos em torno da temática e posteriormente um levantamento a campo para a obtenção de dados de fonte primária. Com base nas informações coletadas, pode-se dizer que o PPA está consolidado em uma área de monoculturas, onde o agronegócio está efetivado, sendo um grande desafio assegurar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental, fortalecer o agricultor, dar suporte para a melhoria de vida da população e promover desse modo um uso consciente dos recursos ambientais.
As chuvas do baixo rio Iguaçu (Sudoeste do Paraná) no período de 1976 a 2016
Authors: Borges Anderson , Fujita Rafaela Harumi , Binda Andrey Luis
Published: April 2021

A Bacia Hidrográfica do Baixo Rio Iguaçu está localizada no Sudoeste do estado do Paraná e no decorrer dos anos, passou a apresentar importância significativa, sobretudo no que se refere à agropecuária, abastecimento urbano e geração de energia. Contudo, ainda são raras as pesquisas científicas que abordam a área analisada. Frente a isso, o presente trabalho, objetiva caracterizar o regime pluviométrico do Baixo Rio Iguaçu no período de 1976 até 2016. Para tanto, no regime de precipitações, utilizou-se de parâmetros estatísticos de tendência central e o método de interpolação krigagem, a fim de espacializar os dados de chuva de 31 estações pluviométricas. Os resultados destacam a influência do El Niño e da Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico no regime de chuvas da área estudada.
A cidade maravilhosa e as cidades do abandono – o verso e o reverso das políticas públicas de segurança na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Albuquerque Enderson Alceu Alves
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as políticas de segurança pública no interior da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ). Para tanto, analisamos historicamente como a violência funcionou como fator estrutural para conformação territorial da Baixada Fluminense. Posteriormente, investigamos a espacialização geográfica da Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP) na RMRJ, as ações executadas durante o período de intervenção militar na área de segurança no Estado e o número de policiais lotados nos batalhões metropolitanos e sua relação com o total de habitantes atendidos. Os dados apontaram que, mesmo os municípios baixadianos apresentando índices criminais mais elevados que a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a região é preterida em intervenções da área de segurança.
Evolução da distribuição do mercado formal de trabalho nas mesorregiões de Santa Catarina entre 2001 e 2018
Authors: Mattei Lauro , Heinen Vicente Loeblein
Published: April 2021

Este artigo analisa a distribuição dos vínculos formais de trabalho nas mesorregiões de Santa Catarina entre 2001 e 2018. Para tanto, o estudo se baseia nos dados regionalizados da RAIS, a partir de sua composição por setor de atividade econômica, sexo do trabalhador e nível de remuneração. O período analisado foi dividido em duas fases, tendo em vista a ruptura observada em 2015. Na fase até 2014, notou-se uma tendência de melhoria no grau de formalização do emprego, com destaque para o desempenho da Grande Florianópolis e do Vale do Itajaí. Mediante a emergência da crise econômica, a partir de 2015 houve um processo de desestruturação do mercado formal de trabalho em todas as regiões, com resultados negativos especialmente no Vale do Itajaí e na Grande Florianópolis.
Flow dynamics in a vadose shaft – a case study from the Hochschwab karst massif (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria)
Authors: Kaminsky Eva , Plan Lukas , Wagner Thomas , Funk Barbara , Oberender Pauline
Published: April 2021

Karst aquifers are highly vulnerable to contamination due to quick water flow through conduits. Their high heterogeneity and the poorly known infiltration effect of the vadose zone make quantification of recharge processes difficult. This study characterizes the water flow and storage in the upper vadose zone with almost four years monitoring of a permanent stream in a vadose shaft (Furtowischacht). Its small catchment of 4,500 m² is located in a former glaciated high Alpine environment (Hochschwab, Austria). High discharge fluctuations between 0.002 and 19 l/s, relatively high hydrograph recession coefficients, and transit velocities between 0.0015 and 2.4 m/s estimated with salt tracer experiments indicate a highly dynamic discharge behavior. A fast point infiltration through open karren and dolines could be observed for rainfall events and indicates a highly karstified network with a rapid water transmission. Snowmelt periods show only a slower flow component and diffuse infiltration. However, condensation within the conduit system is likely superimposed to this signal. A lumped-parameter rainfall-runoff model is used to simulate the discharge with a dual porosity approach. It indicates a low storage volume, which is in accordance with the estimated storage of 22 m³ (or 5 mm), deduced from the recession analyses. In contrary, the physicochemical parameters argue for some storage capability: 1) After an increase of discharge, electric conductivity reacts with an average delay of 50 min; 2) Partly a piston flow can be recognized. These amounts of water may be stored in the partial soil cover alone and therefore the presence of a hydrologically significant epikarst layer is unclear.
Câmara Cascudo e o Legal Design: A Visualidade do Direito entre Provincianismo e Globalização
Authors: Franca Filho Marcilio Toscano
Published: April 2021

Câmara Cascudo foi, durante grande parte de sua vida, Professor de Direito Internacional Público da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, em Natal. Segundo relato de seus alunos, suas aulas eram de uma riqueza e profundidade sem par, sempre repletas de referências à história e à cultura dos povos. Desde muito cedo, o interesse por e o contato com os temas da etnografia moldaram a visão de Cascudo sobre o fenômeno jurídico, que, por conta disso, manifestou preocupação com as formas de exteriorização da juridicidade. O presente texto comenta uma série pouco conhecida de cinco artigos intitulados “O Símbolo Jurídico do Pelourinho”, publicados em 1950, em que Cascudo analisa esse marco arquitetônico como uma manifestação não verbal da juridicidade. O texto procura demonstrar também as ligações daqueles escritos com as teorias contemporâneas a respeito do Visual Law e do Legal Design.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Vindesine and Leurocristine for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and their Effects on Quality of Life
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Zhang Pisheng , Du Xiaohong , Chen Lieguang , Li Shuangyue , Fan Zheng
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of vindesine with that of leurocristine for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their effects on the quality of life.

Material and methods

We included 94 patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia admitted to our hospital for treatment and categorized them into two groups: treatment with vindesine (group A, n = 48) and treatment with leurocristine (group B; n = 48). The effective rate, adverse reactions (thrombocytopenia, anemia, peripheral neurotoxic reaction, infection, nausea, and vomiting) and basic clinical conditions (medical expenses and length of hospital stay) of the patients were observed. In addition, IL-6 and TNF-α expressions were determined by ELISA before and after treatment, posttreatment quality of life score was determined by the Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), and the 5-year overall survival was determined in both groups.

Results

Group A showed no statistical difference in the total efficacy rate and 5-year overall survival after treatment (P > 0.05) and had lower medical expenses, length of hospital stay, IL-6 and TNF-α expressions, and total incidence of adverse reactions and higher KPS scores than group B (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although no statistical difference was observed between vindesine and leurocristine in treating pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, patients administered vindesine had fewer adverse reactions, shorter length of hospital stay, lower medical expenses, and higher quality of life than those administered leurocristine, indicating a potential association with decreased serum IL-6 and TNF-α expressions.
miR-210 regulates vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in arteriosclerosis obliterans through the JAK1-STAT3 pathway
Authors: Hu Songjie , Xu Zhongjian , Lang Dehai
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a continuously worsening chronic condition that starts in the arteries and may then affect other blood vessels. There is increasing evidence linking microRNAs to the development of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied in this study to detect miR-210-5p (miR-210) expression, and significant upregulation was observed in human arterial walls where ASO was prevalent.

Material and methods

The proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) with various levels of miR-210 expression was assessed via MTT and colony-formation assays. Cell proliferation was significantly promoted in HUVECs with upregulated miR-210 levels and reduced in HUVECs with downregulated miR-210 levels.

Results

Flow cytometric analysis of cells stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide data demonstrated that miR-210 inhibited apoptosis, while miR-210 inhibition promoted apoptosis by mediating pro-apoptotic protein expression levels. These results were verified using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay system, which showed that Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) was directly targeted by miR-210, while an miR-210 mimic significantly decreased downstream JAK1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation at a post-transcriptional level in HUVECs, as detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. Further inhibition of either JAK1 or STAT3 counteracted the effect of miR-210 on HUVEC proliferation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that miR-210 promotes HUVEC proliferation, at least in part, by targeting the JAK1-STAT3 signaling axis.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the contribution of the miR-210-JAK1-STAT3 axis and its underlying mechanisms to ASO pathology.
Changes in the quality of life of patients with Blount’s disease undergoing simultaneous bilateral varus deformity correction with the use of the Ilizarov method.
Authors: Szelerski Łukasz , Żarek Sławomir , Górski Radosław , Mochocki Karol , Górski Ryszard , Kozłowska Andżelika , Małdyk Paweł , Morasiewicz Piotr
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Blount’s disease is a growth disorder of the proximal tibia, which leads to the varus deformity and internal rotation of this bone. The treatment is mainly surgical and involves proximal tibial osteotomy and deformity correction. The aim of this study was to assess the change in the quality of life of patients with tibia vara deformity who underwent correction via the Ilizarov method.

Material and methods

A total of 23 Blount’s disease patients who had undergone bilateral varus deformity correction with the Ilizarov method were included in this study. The following parameters were assessed retrospectively: duration of treatment with Ilizarov frames, baseline and postoperative values of the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and mechanical axis deviation (MAD). The quality of life was assessed with a Short Form (SF)-36 survey.

Results

The study population comprised 13 females and 10 males (mean age of 28.43), in whom the Ilizarov fixators were kept for an average duration of 106.65 days. MAD values diminished significantly after the surgery. We also observed significant increases in the MPTA values. The SF-36 scores increased across all of the questionnaire’s domains, which indicates a significant improvement in the postoperative quality of life.

Conclusions

Simultaneous bilateral correction of the varus deformity with Ilizarov external fixators is a safe and effective treatment method. It helps reduce pain and improve gait, which translates to improving the quality of life in all its aspects. The duration of treatment depends to a large extent on the degree of patient cooperation, their attitude, and self-discipline.
Time Dependent Effect of the Combination of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana., Chaturvedi Rekha , Joshi Shabnam ,   Associate Professor, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana.
Published: April 2021

Background: Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition. A huge variety of treatment interventions are available but have shown success to limited extent. Treatment intervention managing the symptoms both at the periphery and at the central pain processing can be a better approach to the treat this condition. Objective: The present study aimed to see the time effect of the combination of Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in knee OA patients. Study design: Pre- post experimental study design. Methodology: Seventeen patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis as per American College of Rheumatology criteria were recruited in the study. The combination of tDCS and TENS was applied for 5 consecutive days over the most painful knee. The outcome measures were pain (VAS), function (six minute walk test), disability and quality of life (Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score) measured at the baseline, one week, two weeks and six weeks after the interventions. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 21.0) software. Result: The result of the study showed significant improvement in pain, function and quality of life at the short term (week 1) as well as in long term (6 weeks) after the interventions. Conclusion: The combination of tDCS and TENS is a potential intervention in reducing pain and improving function both at short and long term in knee OA patients.
BODY COMPOSITION OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Kovačević Erol , Čaušević Denis , Liu Yunyou , Nakić Josipa , Čović Nedim , Kazazović Elvir , Abazović Ensar
Published: April 2021

Considering the growing global problem and the lack of obesity data in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) the main aim of this paper was to determine BH school-age children body composition and determine the differences in body composition between girls and boys classified in underweight, normal weight and overweight according to the body mass index (BMI) score. 2524 participants 1763 girls and 761 boys (aged 10-13 yrs.) from 32 elementary schools were randomly selected and divided to 3 BMI groups by WHO cut-off points. InBody 370 Body Composition Analyzer (BioSpace, Seoul, Korea), a segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device was used to gather data. The results showed ~38% of the sample were classified as overweight whilst gender differences showed higher body fat mass and fat percentages in arms, trunk and legs in underweight and normal weight girls and higher skeletal muscle mass in normal weight and overweight boys.
The effect of the probiotic "Vitacell" on the symbiotic microflora of the rumen and the biochemical status of calves
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: April 2021

Biological feed additive "Vitacell" belongs to the group of biologically active metabolites containing live vegetative cells and spores of microorganisms of cellulolytic, probiotic and prebiotic action. The inclusion of the probiotic "Vitacella" in the diet of young cattle contributes to the stimulation of metabolic processes in the body, increasing feed conversion and improving clinical and biochemical blood parameters. The effectiveness of the use of such feed additives has been clinically proven by domestic and foreign authors. The use of these drugs helps to normalize the intestinal microflora, maintain mineral homeostasis and, as a result, increase the immune reactivity of the body, which is an integral part of the successful management of animal husbandry in the modern conditions of the food market. Keywords: PROBIOTIC, VITACELL, SYMBIOTIC MICROFLORA, BIOCHEMICAL STATUS
Wayne Readings 2021. Expert Council «Nutritional Deficiency – a Global Medical Problem. Do we all know about its consequences?»
Authors: Гируцкая Е.О.
Published: April 2021

Рассмотрена проблема нутритивной недостаточности у пациентов с неврологическими заболеваниями, обсуждавшаяся на Совете экспертов в рамках Вейновских чтений 2021 г. Нехватка необходимых веществ в рационе больных неврологического, онкологического, эндокринологического и других профилей способствует развитию осложнений, и в первую очередь инфекционных: пневмоний, пролежней и др. Показано, что нутритивная поддержка – эффективный метод восстановления в комплексной терапии заболеваний у пациентов всех возрастов. Приводятся современные международные рекомендации по введению нутритивной поддержки и результаты исследований по оценке применения сипингового питания.

The problem of nutritional deficiency in patients with neurological diseases, discussed at the Council of Experts within the framework of Wayne Readings in 2021, is considered. The lack of necessary substances in the diet of patients with neurological, oncological, endocrinological and other profiles contributes to the development of complications, and primarily infectious: pneumonia, bedsores, etc. It has been shown that nutritional support is an effective method of recovery in the complex therapy of diseases in patients of all ages. The article provides modern international recommendations for the introduction of nutritional support and the results of studies to assess the use of sipping nutrition.
Clinical and epidemiological features of acute intestinal infections caused by opportunistic enterobacteria in young children
Authors: Харченко Г.А. , Кимирилова О.Г.
Published: April 2021

Установлены клинико-эпидемиологические особенности острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ), вызванных условно-патогенными энтеробактериями (УПЭ) у детей раннего возраста, в зависимости от этиологического фактора. Источниками информации являлись данные Управления Роспотребнадзора по Астраханской области (АО), медицинская документация (720 историй болезни) пациентов в возрасте до 1 года, лечившихся в ГБУЗ ОИКБ им. А. М. Ничоги, Астрахань, с января 2019 по декабрь 2020 г. включительно. ОКИ, вызванные УПЭ у детей в АО, составляют 74%, в том числе у детей в возрасте до 1 года – 60% от общего количества больных ОКИ уточненной бактериальной этиологии. Независимо от этиологического фактора ОКИ, вызванные УПЭ, протекали в виде моноинфекции (83%) средней степени тяжести (62%). Симптомы интоксикации имели прямую корреляционную связь (r = от 0,52 до 0,76; p < 0,001) с выраженностью диарейного синдрома и дегидратации. С уменьшением возраста ребенка увеличивалась продолжительность купирования этих симптомов (r = -0,72; p < 0,001).

Clinical and epidemiological features of acute intestinal infections (AKI) caused by opportunistic enterobacteria (UPE) in young children, depending on the etiological factor were established. The information sources were the data of Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Astrakhan oblast (AO), medical documentation (720 case histories) of patients under the age of 1 year treated in GBUZ «Regional clinical infectious hospital named. A. M. Nichogi» Astrakhan from January 2000 through December 2020. AKI caused by UPE in children in AO is 74%, including 60% in children under 1 year of age, of the total number of patients with AKI of specified bacterial etiology. Regardless of the etiological factor, AKI caused by UPE occurred in the form of monoinfection (83%), moderate severity (62%). Symptoms of intoxication had a direct correlation (r = 0,52 to 0,76; p < 0.001) with the severity of diarrheal syndrome and dehydration. With a decrease in the age of the child, the duration of relief of these symptoms increased (r = -0,72; p < 0,001).
Enhanced light absorption and reduced snow albedo due to internally mixed mineral dust in grains of snow
Authors: Shi Tenglong , Cui Jiecan , Chen Yang , Zhou Yue , Pu Wei , Xu Xuanye , Chen Quanliang , Zhang Xuelei , Wang Xin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Mineral dust is a major light-absorbing aerosol, which
can significantly reduce snow albedo and accelerate snow/glacier melting via
wet and dry deposition on snow. In this study, three scenarios of internal
mixing of dust in ice grains were analyzed theoretically by combining
asymptotic radiative transfer theory and (core–shell) Mie theory to evaluate
the effects on absorption coefficient and albedo of the semi-infinite
snowpack consisting of spherical snow grains. In general, snow albedo was
substantially reduced at wavelengths of <1.0 µm by internal
dust–snow mixing, with stronger reductions at higher dust concentrations
and larger snow grain sizes. Moreover, calculations showed that a
nonuniform distribution of dust in snow grains can lead to significant
differences in the values of the absorption coefficient and albedo of
dust-contaminated snowpack at visible wavelengths relative to a uniform dust
distribution in snow grains. Finally, using comprehensive in situ
measurements across the Northern Hemisphere, we found that broadband snow
albedo was further reduced by 5.2 % and 9.1 % due to the effects of
internal dust–snow mixing on the Tibetan Plateau and North American
mountains. This was higher than the reduction in snow albedo caused by black
carbon in snow over most North American and Arctic regions. Our results
suggest that significant dust–snow internal mixing is important for the
melting and retreat of Tibetan glaciers and North American mountain
snowpack.
CO2 physiological effect can cause rainfall decrease as strong as large-scale deforestation in the Amazon
Authors: Sampaio Gilvan , Shimizu Marília H. , Guimarães-Júnior Carlos A. , Alexandre Felipe , Guatura Marcelo , Cardoso Manoel , Domingues Tomas F. , Rammig Anja , von Randow Celso , Rezende Luiz F. C. , Lapola David M.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The climate in the Amazon region is particularly
sensitive to surface processes and properties such as heat fluxes and
vegetation coverage. Rainfall is a key expression of the land
surface–atmosphere interactions in the region due to its strong dependence
on forest transpiration. While a large number of past studies have shown the
impacts of large-scale deforestation on annual rainfall, studies on the
isolated effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2)
on canopy transpiration and rainfall are scarcer. Here, for the first time,
we systematically compare the plant physiological effects of eCO2 and
deforestation on Amazon rainfall. We use the CPTEC Brazilian Atmospheric
Model (BAM) with dynamic vegetation under a 1.5×CO2 experiment and a
100 % substitution of the forest by pasture grasslands, with all other
conditions held similar between the two scenarios. We find that both
scenarios result in equivalent average annual rainfall reductions
(Physiology: −257 mm, −12 %; Deforestation: −183 mm, −9 %) that are
above the observed Amazon rainfall interannual variability of 5 %. The
rainfall decreases predicted in the two scenarios are linked to a reduction
of approximately 20 % in canopy transpiration but for different reasons:
the eCO2-driven reduction of stomatal conductance drives the change in
the Physiology experiment, and the smaller leaf area index of pasturelands
(−72 % compared to tropical forest) causes the result in the Deforestation
experiment. The Walker circulation is modified in the two scenarios:
in Physiology due to a humidity-enriched free troposphere with decreased deep
convection due to the heightening of a drier and warmer (+2.1 ∘C) boundary layer, and in Deforestation due to enhanced convection over the Andes and a
subsidence branch over the eastern Amazon without considerable changes in
temperature (−0.2 ∘C in 2 m air temperature and +0.4 ∘C in surface temperature). But again, these changes occur through different
mechanisms: strengthened west winds from the Pacific and reduced easterlies
entering the basin affect the Physiology experiment, and strongly increased
easterlies influence the result of the Deforestation experiment. Although
our results for the Deforestation scenario agree with the results of
previous observational and modelling studies, the lack of direct field-based
ecosystem-level experimental evidence regarding the effect of eCO2 on
moisture fluxes in tropical forests confers a considerable level of
uncertainty to any projections of the physiological effect of eCO2 on
Amazon rainfall. Furthermore, our results highlight the responsibilities of
both Amazonian and non-Amazonian countries to mitigate potential future
climatic change and its impacts in the region, driven either by local
deforestation or global CO2 emissions.
Decoupling salinity and carbonate chemistry: low calcium ion concentration rather than salinity limits calcification in Baltic Sea mussels
Authors: Sanders Trystan , Thomsen Jörn , Müller Jens Daniel , Rehder Gregor , Melzner Frank
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Baltic Sea has a salinity gradient decreasing from fully marine
(> 25) in the west to below 7 in the central Baltic Proper.
Habitat-forming and ecologically dominant mytilid mussels exhibit decreasing
growth when salinity < 11; however, the mechanisms underlying reduced
calcification rates in dilute seawater are not fully understood. Both
[HCO3-] and [Ca2+] also decrease with salinity, challenging
calcifying organisms through CaCO3 undersaturation (Ω≤1)
and unfavourable ratios of calcification substrates ([Ca2+] and
[HCO3-]) to the inhibitor (H+), expressed as the extended
substrate–inhibitor ratio (ESIR). This study combined in situ monitoring of three
southwest Baltic mussel reefs with two laboratory experiments to assess how
various environmental conditions and isolated abiotic factors (salinity,
[Ca2+], [HCO3-] and pH) impact calcification in mytilid
mussels along the Baltic salinity gradient. Laboratory experiments rearing
juvenile Baltic Mytilus at a range of salinities (6, 11 and 16), HCO3-
concentrations (300–2100 µmol kg−1) and Ca2+
concentrations (0.5–4 mmol kg−1) reveal that as individual factors, low
[HCO3-], pH and salinity cannot explain low calcification rates in
the Baltic Sea. Calcification rates are impeded when Ωaragonite ≤ 1 or ESIR ≤ 0.7 primarily due to [Ca2+] limitation which
becomes relevant at a salinity of ca. 11 in the Baltic Sea. Field monitoring
of carbonate chemistry and calcification rates suggest increased food
availability may be able to mask the negative impacts of periodic
sub-optimal carbonate chemistry, but not when seawater conditions are
permanently adverse, as observed in two Baltic reefs at salinities < 11. Regional climate models predict a rapid desalination of the southwest
and central Baltic over the next century and potentially a reduction in
[Ca2+] which may shift the distribution of marine calcifiers westward.
It is therefore vital to understand the mechanisms by which the ionic
composition of seawater impacts bivalve calcification for better predicting
the future of benthic Baltic ecosystems.
Evaluating seismic beamforming capabilities of distributed acoustic sensing arrays
Authors: van den Ende Martijn P. A. , Ampuero Jean-Paul
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The versatility and cost efficiency of fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technologies facilitate geophysical monitoring in environments that were previously inaccessible for instrumentation. Moreover, the spatio-temporal data density permitted by DAS naturally appeals to seismic array processing techniques, such as beamforming for source location. However, the measurement principle of DAS is inherently different from that of conventional seismometers, providing measurements of ground strain rather than ground motion, and so the suitability of traditional seismological methods requires in-depth evaluation. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a DAS array in the task of seismic beamforming, in comparison with a co-located nodal seismometer array. We find that, even though the nodal array achieves excellent performance in localising a regional ML 4.3 earthquake, the DAS array exhibits poor waveform coherence and consequently produces inadequate beamforming results that are dominated by the signatures of shallow scattered waves. We demonstrate that this behaviour is likely inherent to the DAS measurement principle, and so new strategies need to be adopted to tailor array processing techniques to this emerging measurement technology. One strategy demonstrated here is to convert the DAS strain rates to particle velocities by spatial integration using the nodal seismometer recordings as a reference, which dramatically improves waveform coherence and beamforming performance and warrants new types of “hybrid” array design that combine dense DAS arrays with sparse seismometer arrays.