bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSEP BERPIKIR KRITIS SEORANNG PERAWAT DALAM MENGHADAPI PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Rahmawati Ria
Published: September 2019

Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan hal yang penting dalam proses keperawatan. Mahasiswa di tuntut untuk mempunyai keahlian fleksibelitasd an individual pada situasi khusus dalam memecahankan masalah di bidangnya, proses berpikir kritis dalam pendidikan keperawatanataukesehatan. Tujuan : untuk menghasilkan perawat yang kompeten dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan.. Metode : suatu proses pengambilan keputusan seorang perawat dalammenghadapi persoalan yang ada. Hasil : proses pengkajian di dasarkan pada analisa ulvariat,bivariat dan multivariate, dimana analisa ulvariat berdasarkan dari usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidik dan respon responden. Penutup : berpikir kritis merupakan komponen penting dalam akuntabilitas professional, perawat menjadi salah satu yang memiliki tanggung jawab dan kewenangan dalam suatu persoalan untuk mengambil 1 keputusan yang baik dengan berpikir kritis dan menghasilkan kinerja yang baik.
Hubungan Berpikir Kritis dalam Keperawatan Terhadap Pasien Prasekolah
Authors: Marwa Atikah Ulfah
Published: September 2019

latar belakang : keterampilan berpikir kritis pada mahasiswa keperawatan itu perlu, dengan berpikir kritis mahasiswa tahu apa yang akan ia lakukan selanjutnya, ini juga membantu pasien prasekolah dalam menghadapi hospitalisasi yang mengakibatkan kecemasan. Tujuan : mempelajari sikap berpikir kritis yang kedepannya dapat menemukan jalan keluar. Metode penelitian : literature review dengan cara menganalisis artikel, jurnal maupun text book. Artikel yang digunakan 14 referensi yang diterbitkan sepuluh tahun terakhir yang menggunakan google scholar, google book dan science direct. Hasil : dari hasil literature review dapat disimpulkan, dengan mempelajari berpikir kritis mahasiswa keperawatan dapat mengmukakan pendapat dengan kritis, bila sudah menjadi perawat, dapat menciptakan ide agar pasien prasekolah memimalisir kecemasan dan stress. Kesimpulan : adanya pelajaran berpikir kritis mahasiswa keperawatan mampu memecahkan masalah dengan berdiskusi. Perawat juga dapat membuat pasien terkhusus prasekolah merasa nyaman dengan membahkan ide seperti memberikan permainan terapeutik ataupun membacakan dongeng.
PENGEMBANGAN KEPRIADIAN PERAWAT UNTUK BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Tambun Lilis N.
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang : kemampuan dalam berpikir kritis sangatlah penting diterapkan oleh perawat dalam setiap tindakan yang dilakukan. Kepribadian perawat berpikir kritis akan memperngaruhi kualitas asuhan keperawatan.Tujuan : agar perawat mampu mengembangkan kepribadian berpikir kritis saat akan melakukan tindakan dan dengan berpikir kritis perawat mampu meningkatkan kualitas keperawatan.Metode : metode yang dilakukan yaitu metode kualitatif yang menggunakan observasi. Penggunaan metode ini dengan mengumpulkan data-data dari berbagai referensi dan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung sehingga peneliti dapat mencatat dan menemukan data yang diperlukan.Hasil : dari metode yang dilakukan ditemukan perawat yang berpikir kritis lebih banyak dibandingkan perawat yang tidak berpikir kritis. Ditemukan juga dari berbagai data bahwa berpikir kritis tidak ada hubungannya dengan jenis kelamin, melainkan hubungan yang erat antara berpikir kritis perawat dengan kualitas asuhan keperawatan.Pembahasan :dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan, perawat akan banyak menghadapi situasi yang sulit, dalam hal ini perawat harus mampu berpikir kritis agar dapat menyelesaikan situasi yang sulit dengan baik. Dalam berpikir kritis perawat juga harus memiliki sikap yang baik.Penutup : adanya hubungan perawat berpikir kritis dengan kualitas asuhan keperawatan yang akan membantu perawat dalam mengambil setiap keputusan. Bagi perawat agar dapat mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan tentang berpikir kritis dengan lebih meningkatkan jurnal reading.
Histologic Analysis of Bone Development of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris
Authors: Kelsall Rachel , Han Jasper , Richard Stephanie , Barboza Meghan
Published: September 2019

The amount of bone tissue present in an organism does not remain constant throughout a lifetime. Aquatic mammals generally have more dense bones than their terrestrial counterparts and there is little to no information on aquatic mammal bone development. The Florida manatee is a fully aquatic mammal which represents a good example of dense, amedullary bones. The abundance of prominent bone tissue histological features such as osteocytes, mesenchyme, and trabeculae provide a mechanism to determine how bone tissue of the same species differs due to age. The goal of this study was to evaluate key histological differences between bone samples, from manatees of various ages, in order to approximate the age using characteristics of the bone tissue. Nasal tissue including bone from manatees in the perinatal, calf, juvenile, and adult stages of development was embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained using trichrome. The number of osteocytes was counted at 40X and 100X total magnifications. Analysis of the osteocyte quantity using a chi square test for goodness of fit shows a significant trend (p<2.2*10-16) directly corresponding to the age of manatee. As the age of manatee increased, greater amounts of osteocytes were counted. Further observations indicate trabeculae are more abundant and prominent in early developmental stages (perinatal and calf) compared to the latter stages (juvenile and adult) in which mature or secondary bone is predominant. Using visual approximation, adult bone contained the largest bone volume, but showed minor signs of degradation and degeneration by osteoclast activity. These results are in agreement with the available information regarding intramembranous bone development, and successfully show a proportional relationship between age and osteocyte number. More specific data, such as the exact age of manatee and computer calculated bone volume/osteocyte lacunae count, would allow us to further model this determined correlation between bone volume and age.
Planeamento de sucessão em equipas
Authors: Pimentel Duarte
Published: September 2019

Neste capítulo será abordada a temática do planeamento de sucessão em equipas. O capítulo encontra-se organizado em seis secções: a primeira secção trata o surgimento, enquadramento e definição do conceito de planeamento de sucessão; na segunda secção é debatida a importância e vantagens da implementação de um plano de sucessão; na terceira secção são apresentados os três principais tipos de planeamento de sucessão; a quarta secção dá a conhecer o processo genérico de sucessão; na quinta secção é apresentado e discutido um caso prático à luz do processo genérico de sucessão. Por fim, na sexta secção, é apresentada uma checklist de boas práticas para uma eficaz implementação deste processo.
Personalized Models of Psychopathology
Authors: Wright Aidan G.C. , Woods William C.
Published: September 2019

The personalized approach to psychopathology conceptualizes mental disorder as a complex system of contextualized dynamic processes that is nontrivially specific to each individual, and seeks to develop formal idiographic statistical models to represent these individual processes. Although the personalized approach draws on influences that are longstanding in clinical psychology, there has been an explosion of research in recent years following the development of intensive longitudinal data capture and statistical techniques that facilitate modeling the dynamic processes of each individual’s pathology. Advances also make idiographic analyses scalable and generalizable. The emerging research using the personalized approach in descriptive psychopathology, precision assessment, and treatment selection and tailoring are reviewed. Future challenges and areas in need of additional research are identified. The personalized approach to psychopathology holds promise to resolve thorny diagnostic issues, generate novel insights, and improving the timing and efficacy of interventions.
Future Directions in Single-Session Youth Mental Health Interventions
Authors: Schleider Jessica L. , Dobias Mallory , Sung Jenna , Mullarkey Michael C
Published: September 2019

The United States spends more money on mental health services than any other country, yet access to effective psychological services remains strikingly low. The need-to-access gap is especially wide among children and adolescents, with up to 80% of youths with mental health needs going without services, and the remainder often receiving insufficient or untested care. Single-session interventions (SSIs) may offer a promising path toward improving accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and completion rates for youth mental health services. SSIs are structured programs that intentionally involve only one visit or encounter with a clinic, provider, or program; they may serve as stand-alone or adjunctive clinical services. A growing body of evidence supports the capacity of SSIs to reduce and prevent youth psychopathology of multiple types. Here, we provide a working definition of SSIs for use in future research and practice; summarize the literature to date on SSIs for child and adolescent mental health; and propose recommendations for the future design, evaluation, and implementation of SSIs across a variety of settings and contexts. We hope that this paper will serve as an actionable research agenda for gauging the full potential of SSIs as a force for youth mental health.
Emotion recognition from posed and spontaneous dynamic expressions: Human observers vs. machine analysis
Authors: Krumhuber Eva , Küster Dennis , Namba Shushi , Shah Datin , Calvo Manual
Published: September 2019

The majority of research on the judgment of emotion from facial expressions has focused on deliberately posed displays, often sampled from single stimulus sets. Herein, we investigate emotion recognition from posed and spontaneous expressions, comparing classification performance between humans and machine in a cross-corpora investigation. For this, dynamic facial stimuli portraying the six basic emotions were sampled from a broad range of different databases, and then presented to human observers and a machine classifier. Recognition performance by the machine was found to be superior for posed expressions containing prototypical facial patterns, and comparable to humans when classifying emotions from spontaneous displays. In both humans and machine, accuracy rates were generally higher for posed compared to spontaneous stimuli. The findings suggest that automated systems rely on expression prototypicality for emotion classification, and may perform just as well as humans when tested in a cross-corpora context.
Nordic Pioneers: facing the first use of Internet Voting in the Åland Islands (Parliamentary Elections 2019)
Authors: Krimmer Robert , Duenas-Cid David , Krivonosova Iuliia , Serrano Radu Antonio , Freire Marlon , Wrede Casper
Published: September 2019

The Åland Islands will use Internet Voting for the first time for expatriate voters at the next Parliamentary Elections, to be held in October 2019. This electoral modernization is a response to the need detected to introduce changes in order to better integrate expatriate voters and the younger generations into the electoral system, and represents a first step towards fully introducing i-Voting in future elections. This working paper provides a frame-work for the Ålandic electoral system for further analysis of the costs involved to introduce new voting channels following the CoDE Project methodology.
VALERY BRUSOV AND KAREN MIKAELYAN (ON THE DRAFTING PROCESS OF «THE POETRY OF ARMENIA»)
Authors: BAGHDASARYAN ROBERT
Published: September 2019

The paper focuses no Karen Mikaelyan personality, considering him a key figure in initiating «The Poetry of Armenia». The quoted passages from K. Mikaelyan’s letters reveal that it was he who initiated the publication of collections of Armenian literature not only in Armenian but also in Russian. K. Mikaelyan also emphasized the importance of strengthening ties with the Russian literary beau monde. Notably, K. Mikaelyan was V. Brusov’s Armenian language instructor.
V. BRUSOV'S LETTERS SENT TO I. BRUSOVA FROM PARIS (1909). INTRODUCTORY REMARKS, TRANSLATION AND NOTES BY NATALIA KHACHATRYAN (YEREVAN)
Authors: KHACHATRYAN NATALIA
Published: September 2019

The author publishes a number of letters V. Brusov sent to his spouse, I. Brusova, from Paris. The correspondence provides the writer’s insight of the city, his impressions of the meetings with René Gillet, Charles Vildrac, Paul Boyer, Konstantin Balmont. He also informed his wife of fashion and hairstyle trends and attached the magazines clippings. The correspondence also reveals V. Brusov’s engagement in some remarkable events, such as aviator flights.
Chinese Parents’ Effect on Children’s Math and Science Achievements in Schools with Different SES
Authors: An Guiqing , Wang Jingying , Yang Yang
Published: September 2019

Chinese educational system is comprised of school, family and community, and coordination between school and family is the context for school management. Family education is the foundation of personal development with advantage in education time, content and techniques. This study chooses different school districts with different socio-cultural and economic backgrounds to compare and study the ways of parental involvement in different school districts and its impact on children’s STEM achievements in mathematics and science. In addition, the study also discussed the influence of parental involvement on children’s mathematics, physics, biology and geography in different family social economic status (SES) school districts. Generally speaking, parents’ expectations ranked first among the four areas, followed by parents’ communication, while school participation lies in the lowest. The lowest SES districts use the most parental control methods, and the highest SES area uses the most parental communication methods. The top two areas of SES use the most school communication methods. Furthermore, compared with girls, parents’ school participation has a significant negative impact on boys in the highest and lowest areas. Family communication has more influence on girls than boys. In school communication, it has the least impact on boys and girls.
Long time behavior of higher-order anisotropic perturbed phase field system with regular potentials
Authors: Ekohela Clesh Deseskel Elion , Bissanga Gabriel , Batchi Macaire
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to study asymptotic behavior of higher-order (in space) anisotropic perturbed Caginalp phase-field systems with relaxations hyperbolic in term of attractors. The main difficulty comes from the fact that the phase spaces for the perturbed ([Formula: see text]) and unperturbed ([Formula: see text]) equations are not the same; indeed, the limit problem is parabolic. Therefore, the previous approach employing for parabolic systems, cannot be applied and have to be adapted. In particular, this necessitates a study of the time boundary layer in order to estimate the difference of solutions between the perturbed and unperturbed equations. Finally, we obtain the existence of the global attractor, as well as the existence of exponential attractors.
Vanishing parameter for an optimal control problem modeling tumor growth
Authors: Signori Andrea
Published: September 2019

A distributed optimal control problem for a phase field system which physical context is that of tumor growth is discussed. The system we are going to take into account consists of a Cahn–Hilliard equation for the phase variable (relative concentration of the tumor) coupled with a reaction-diffusion equation for the nutrient. The cost functional is of standard tracking-type and the control variable models the intensity at which it is possible to dispense medication. The model we deal with presents two small and positive parameters which are introduced in previous contributions as relaxation terms. Here, starting from the already investigated optimal control problem for the relaxed model, we aim at confirming the existence of optimal control and characterizing the first-order necessary optimality condition, via asymptotic schemes, when one of the two occurring parameters goes to zero.
Asymptotic behavior for Timoshenko systems with fractional damping
Authors: Oquendo Higidio Portillo , da Luz Cleverson Roberto
Published: September 2019

This article deals with the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of a Timoshenko beam with a fractional damping. The damping acts only in one of the equations and depends on a parameter [Formula: see text]. Timoshenko systems with frictional or Kelvin–Voigt dampings are particular cases of this model. We prove that, for regular initial data, the semigroup of this system decays polynomially with rates that depend on θ and some relations between the structural parameters of the system. We also show that the decay rates obtained are optimal and the only possibility to obtain exponential decay is when [Formula: see text] and the wave propagation speeds of the equations coincide.
Oscillatory Breuer–Major theorem with application to the random corrector problem
Authors: Nualart David , Zheng Guangqu
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we present an oscillatory version of the celebrated Breuer–Major theorem that is motivated by the random corrector problem. As an application, we are able to prove new results concerning the Gaussian fluctuation of the random corrector. We also provide a variant of this theorem involving homogeneous measures.
Municipal Solid Waste as a valuable recycled asset for small-scale electricity production in rural communities
Authors: Silva Valter , Cardoso João , Brito Paulo , Tarelho Luís , Luz José
Published: September 2019

Municipal solid waste provides an opportunity for electricity production. This strategy provides the rural communities a potential waste-to-energy opportunity to manage its costly residues problem, turning them into a valuable recycled asset. To address this issue, a techno-economic study of an integrated system comprising gasification of Acacia residues and Portuguese Municipal Solid Waste (PMSW) with an Internal Combustion Engine-Generator (ICEG) for electricity generation at small-scale (100 kW) was developed. Current studies only devote attention to biomass residues and do not explore MSW potential to eschew biomass supply shortage. Conventional systems are generally part of biomass supply chains, limiting flexibility and all year operation for their operators. Experimental data was gathered at a downdraft gasifier to provide a clear assessment of particle and tar concentration in the syngas and levers conditioning a satisfactory ICE operation. Once the potential of using Acacia residues and PMSW has been proven during gasification runs testing, and validation, a set of new conditions was also explored through a high-fidelity CFD model. We find that residues blends have the highest potential to generate high-quality syngas and smallest exposure to supply disruption. Despite both substrates showing potential at specific conditions, they also present individual drawbacks which will be best mitigated by executing a hybrid supply comprising the mix of substrates. An economic model coupling the financial indicators of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and the payback period (PBP) considering a project lifetime of 25 years was developed. Cost factors include expenses with electricity generation, initial investment, amortizations and operation and maintenance (containing fuels costs). Revenues were estimated from electricity generated and sales to the national grid. A sensitivity analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was used to measure the economic model performance and to determine the risk in investing in such venture. The risk appraisal yielded favorable investment projections, with an NPV reaching positive values, an IRR superior to the discount rate and PBP lower than the project life span. This work allowed to confirm the positive effect of the generation of energy from downdraft gasification plants on a small-scale. Regardless of the project’s feasibility, the economic performance depended to a large extent on the electricity prices which present considerable variability and are subject to political decisions.
Perancangan Sistem Penunjang Keputusan Pemilihan Anak Asuh Menggunakan Metode Technique for Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Topsis) pada LAZ Sejahtera Ummat
Authors: Agustian Bobi , Wibowo Oke
Published: September 2019

Pada proses penyaluran beasiswa anak asuh di LAZ Sejahtera Ummat sering terjadi ketidak sesuaian dengan kriterianya. Kriterianya meliputi penghasilan orang tua, jumlah tanggungan orang tua, rata-rata nilai, prestasi non akademik dan status anak. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan sebuah sistem penunjang keputusan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pemilihan anak asuh dengan metode Technique For Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). TOPSIS merupakan suatu bentuk metode pendukung keputusan yang didasarkan pada konsep bahwa alternatif yang terbaik tidak hanya memiliki jarak terpendek dari solusi ideal positif tetapi juga memiliki jarak terpanjang dari solusi ideal negatif. Konsep ini banyak digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah keputusan secara praktis. Konsepnya sederhana dan mudah dipahami, komputasinya efisien dan memiliki kemampuan untuk mengukur kinerja relatif dari alternatif-alternatif keputusan dalam bentuk matematis yang sederhana. Sistem yang dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan basis data mysql.
Penerapan Mobile-First Design pada Antarmuka Website Profil Sekolah Menggunakan Metode Human-Centred Design (Studi Kasus: SMPN 21 Malang)
Authors: Zulkarnain Adnan
Published: September 2019

Schools can use technological advances by creating a school profile website. The school profile website can be used by schools as a promotional media and provide information. All this time, the website profile of SMPN21 Malang's school profile has been made improperly, its appearance is not attractive, and its access speed is so slow. The appearance of an unattractive school profile website and slow access speeds give the impression that SMPN21 Malang is not serious about using technology. From the problems that are owned by SMPN21 Malang, it is necessary to change the website profile of the school they have. In this research, the application of mobile-first interface design for the SMPN21 Malang school profile website was implemented using the interface development method, Human-Centered Design. Usability testing results show the usability of the prototype interface design that has been made has an average of 86.66%. While the results of testing the average access speed is 2.66 seconds.
SIGNIFIKANSI DAKWAH INKLUSIF NURCHOLISH MADJID BAGI MASYARAKAT INDONESIA
Authors: Zaprulkhan Zaprulkhan
Published: September 2019

Articulation of religion in the public sphere of Indonesia is still much to be exclusive and puritan, unilateral in monopolizing the truth claims of religious truth, and intolerance towards various religious disagreement. Whereas in the context of a pluralistic Indonesian nation, whether of race, ethnicity, culture, class, and religion, religious messages should be delivered by inclusive proselytizing. Anyone who would articulate religious discourses in the public sphere of Indonesia, should ideally be through inclusive proselytizing. In the context of inclusive proselytizing, Islamic values such as justice (al-'adl), human rights, freedom (Hurriyah), democracy (Shura), universal benevolence (Khoir), egalitarian (Musawah), tolerance (tasamuh), balance ( tawazun), social ethics (morals), universal humanity (an-nas), as well as peace and safety contained in the doctrine of principle Islam but those are inclusive. Inclusive priciples could embrace all people regardless of race, culture, race, class, and even religion. This article is going to discuss the significance of Nurcholish Madjid‟s inclusive proselytizing for pluralistic Indonesian society.
Konseling Gestalt Berbasis Islam dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Regulasi Diri Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Falaah Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Cholid Nurviyanti
Published: September 2019

This research was motivated by there is an opportunity for the use of Islamic scholarship concepts that serve as material in Islamic guidance and counseling services to improve self-regulation of santri. the final result proposed in this study is guidance and counseling Gestalt-based Islam can improve self-regulation of santri. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of guidance and counseling Gestalt-based Islam to improve the regulation of boarding school boarding school Al-Falaah Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The population of this study is all students aged 13-14 years. The sample in this research is determined by random assignment technique from a population. The sample in this research is determined by random assignment technique from the population. The total number of samples in this study were 24 santri given intervention in the form of guidance and counseling Gestalt Islam based Data collected by questionnaire, observation, and interview. Gestalt counseling on the basis of Islam is quite effective in improving the self-regulating ability of the students at the boarding school Al-Falaah Pandak Bantul Yogyakarta. Therefore, the findings of the research results can be used as a reference in developing Islamic counseling and counseling to develop the potential of an individual.
A Reinforcement Learning Motivated Algorithm for Process Optimization
Authors: Ábrahám Gyula , Auer Peter , Dósa György , Dulai Tibor , Werner-Stark Ágnes
Published: September 2019

In process scheduling problems there are several processes and resources. Any process consists of several tasks, and there may be precedence constraints among them. In our paper we consider a special case, where the precedence constraints form short disjoint (directed) paths. This model occurs frequently in practice, but as far as we know it is considered very rarely in the literature. The goal is to find a good resource allocation (schedule) to minimize the makespan. The problem is known to be strongly NP-hard, and such hard problems are often solved by heuristic methods. We found only one paper which is closely related to our topic, this paper proposes the heuristic method HH. We propose a new heuristic called QLM which is inspired by reinforcement learning methods from the area of machine learning. As we did not find appropriate benchmark problems for the investigated model. We have created such inputs and we have made exhaustive comparisons, comparing the results of HH and QLM, and an exact solver using CPLEX. We note that a heuristic method can give a “near optimal” solution very fast while an exact solver provides the optimal solution, but it may need a huge amount of time to find it. In our computational evaluation we experienced that our heuristic is more effective than HH and finds the optimal solution in many cases and very fast.
Beyging og merking orðsins hjalt
Authors: Axelsdóttir Katrín
Published: September 2019

Icel. hjalt is mostly used in the plural. In Modern Icelandic two different plural forms (i.e. in nom./acc.) are known, hjölt and hjöltu (def. hjöltin and hjöltun). The latt er form is not listed in the dictionaries. It is, however, well documented in the modern language, and its history can be traced to the 16th century. According to the dictionaries the meaning of hjalt in the plural is ‘cross-guard and pommel’ or even (at least in Old Icelandic) ‘cross-guard, grip and pommel’. However, many people believe that hjölt(or hjöltu) refers to the cross-guard only. This is thus an instance of semantic nar-rowing. The meaning of Engl. hilt offers an interesting comparison. It seems to have two meanings, ‘grip’ and ‘cross-guard, grip and pommel’. This is another instance of semantic narrowing, although slightly different. Translating Engl. hilt with hjölt(or hjöltu) can be problematic. An attempt is made to explain the change hjölt(in)→hjöltu(n). This analogical change is quite unexpected, since hjölt belongs to a large and productive inflectional class (a-stems, e.g. fj all (pl.fj öll)), hjöltu on the other hand fol-lows a tiny class (an-stems, e.g. hjarta, (pl. hjörtu)). Two explanations are offered: First, the phonetic similarity between hjalt and hjarta. Secondly, the existence of a semantic “lexical gang” within the tiny class, consisting of the words auga, eyra, lunga, nýra and eista, all of which usually refer to a pair in the plural (‘eyes, ears, lungs, kidneys, testicles’), just as hjölt (or hjöltu) does, both in its old and new meaning.
Using the Spatial Econometric Approach to Analyze Convergence of Labor Productivity at the Provincial Level in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Khac Minh , Pham Anh Tuan , Nguyen Viet Hung
Published: September 2019

This paper employs the spatial econometric approach to undertake a research of labor productivity convergence of the industrial sector among sixty provinces in Vietnam in the period 1998-2011. It is shown that the assumption of the independence among spatial units (provinces in this case) is unrealistic, being in contrast to the evidence of the data reflecting the spatial interaction and the existence of spatial lag and errors. Therefore, neglecting the spatial nature of data can lead to a misspecification of the model. We decompose the sample data into the sub-periods 1998-2002 and 2003-2011 for the analysis. Different tests point out that the spatial lag model is appropriate for the whole period of the sample data (1998-2011) and the sub-period (2003-2011), therefore, we employ the maximum likelihood procedure to estimate the spatial lag model. The estimation results allow us to recognize that the convergence model without a spatial lag variable and using ordinary least square to estimate has the problem of omitting variables, which will have impact on the estimated measure of convergence speed. And this problem dominates the positive effect of factors such as mobilizing factors, trade relation, and knowledge spillover in the regional scope.
Personal and Work Factors That Predict Fatigue-Related Errors in Aircraft Maintenance Engineering
Authors: Signal T. Leigh , van den Berg Margo J. , Mulrine Hannah M.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased likelihood of aircraft maintenance personnel reporting a fatigue-related error.METHODS: There were 966 maintenance engineering personnel (mean age = 42 yr, 98% male) who completed a survey
with items on personal factors, work factors and a question asking whether during the last month they had made an error in their work due to tiredness. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors independently associated with making an error at work due to tiredness.RESULTS:
Respondents obtained on average 7.0 h sleep and nearly half (45%) reported that they had felt close to falling asleep while driving home from work in the past 12 mo. Most respondents (70%) had received no education on strategies for coping with shift work. Among respondents, 22% agreed/strongly
agreed with the statement “During the last month, I have made an error in my work due to tiredness.” Unexpected roster changes independently predicted the likelihood of reporting an error in work due to tiredness and for certain groups of aircraft maintenance personnel, < 6.5
h sleep increased the odds of an error in work due to tiredness fivefold, whereas > 7.5 h sleep almost halved the odds of reporting such an error.DISCUSSION: These findings indicate the importance of stable and predictable work patterns to minimize the risk of fatigue-related
errors in this safety critical environment, and also the need for education on coping with shift work to ensure the workforce are best placed to manage their sleep away from work.Signal TL, van den Berg MJ, Mulrine HM. Personal and work factors that predict fatigue-related errors
in aircraft maintenance engineering. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(10):860–866.
Aviation Safety vs. Medical Confidentiality: Disclosure of Health Information for Accident Prevention and Investigation
Authors: Schuite Johanna M.
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: In this article an analysis is made of existing legal provisions and policies regarding medical confidentiality and the use of medical information on pilots, for the reporting of unfit pilots and for accident and incident investigation. An overview is given of the
applicable international, European and several national legal frameworks in relation to this question. The applicable national legislation and relating policies of the Netherlands, the U.S., and Canada are compared on this subject. These three States (countries) are selected because of the
differences between them in legal provisions when it comes to medical confidentiality of pilots’ health information. The article will conclude with tools derived from this analysis, which can be used to find a balance between medical confidentiality vs. aviation safety.Schuite
JM. Aviation safety vs. medical confidentiality: disclosure of health information for accident prevention and investigation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(10):872–881.
Entrepreneurship as a Strategic Management Tool for Renewal—The Case of the Swedish Public Employment Service
Authors: Höglund Linda , Mårtensson Maria
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we study how entrepreneurial and strategic processes develop in a public-sector organisation through a theoretical lens of Strategic Entrepreneurship (SE). Previous literature on SE practices identified a number of organisational aspects—such as organisational culture, structure, and entrepreneurial leadership—that are important to manage in order to benefit from new opportunities and strategic actions. So far, there is little knowledge about SE practices in the public sector and their possible consequences. There are also few qualitative studies in the field of SE, though arguments have been made for it. Our study is based on a longitudinal and qualitative process approach focusing on the work of the Swedish Public Employment Service’s (SPES) efforts to realise its new strategy through entrepreneurial and strategic processes. The results showed that there are several organisational tensions in relation to the processes of entrepreneurship. We have empirically contributed to previous literature by studying the SE practices of simultaneously balancing the processes of entrepreneurship and strategy. We have also contributed to a more nuanced discussion of the complexity of implementing SE practices and their relationship to organisational culture, structure and entrepreneurial leadership.
Grain Yield and Resource Use Efficiencies of Upland and Lowland Rice Cultivars under Aerobic Cultivation
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Zhan Junhui , Hussain Saddam , Nie Lixiao
Published: September 2019

Aerobic rice has the potential to replace transplanted flooded rice, as rice cultivation is seriously threatened by environmental and social factors. Although the recently released upland rice cultivars have higher drought tolerance, low yield potential of these cultivars makes them less feasible for high-yielding rice planting regions under aerobic cultivation. In this study, typical lowland rice cultivars (Huanghuazhan and Yangliangyou6) were evaluated for grain yield and resource use efficiencies under aerobic cultivation as compared with upland rice cultivars (Lvhan1 and Hanyou3). Averaged across different years, lowland rice cultivars recorded 26.9%, 14.6%, and 26.6% higher grain yield, water productivity, and nitrogen use efficiency for grain production (NUEg), respectively, as compared with upland cultivars. The higher grain yield of lowland rice cultivars under aerobic cultivation was mainly attributed to the higher aboveground biomass and the spikelet number per panicle, along with a higher harvest index and panicle number per unit area with respect to upland rice cultivars. During the entire growing season in aerobic cultivation, rainfall accounted for 60% to 85% of the total water use, which indicates that lowland rice cultivars could make better use of the rainfall because of a longer growth duration and a higher growth potential. In summary, this study suggests that with appropriate irrigation, lowland rice cultivars could grow well and furnish higher yield than the current upland rice cultivars under aerobic cultivation.
Mammary Defences and Immunity against Mastitis in Sheep
Authors: Katsafadou Angeliki I. , Politis Antonis P. , Mavrogianni Vasia S. , Barbagianni Mariana S. , Vasileiou Natalia G. C. , Fthenakis George C. , Fragkou Ilektra A.
Published: September 2019

The objectives of this review paper are to present udder defences, including teat of the udder, mammary epithelial cells, leucocytes, immunoglobulins, complement system and chemical antibacterial agents, to describe cooperation and interactions between them and to elaborate on potentials regarding their significance in mammary immunisation strategies. The teat of the udder provides initial protection to the mammary gland. The mammary epithelial cells synthesise antibacterial proteins and the leucocytes produce various inflammation mediators (cytokines or chemokines), phagocytose bacteria and recognise antigenic structures. In the mammary gland, four immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA) have important roles against bacterial pathogens. The complement system is a collection of proteins, participating in the inflammatory process through various pathways. Other components contributing to humoral mammary defence include lactoferrin, lysozyme and the lactoperoxidase/myeloperoxidase systems, as well as oligosaccharides, gangliosides, reactive oxygen species, acute phase proteins (e.g., haptoglobin and serum amyloid A), ribonucleases and a wide range of antimicrobial peptides. Management practices, genetic variations and nutrition can influence mammary defences and should be taken into account in the formulation of prevention strategies against ovine mastitis.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Allele-Specific Expression Patterns in Seventeen Tissues of Korean Cattle (Hanwoo)
Authors: Lim Kyu-Sang , Chang Sun-Sik , Choi Bong-Hwan , Lee Seung-Hwan , Lee Kyung-Tai , Chai Han-Ha , Park Jong-Eun , Park Woncheoul , Lim Dajeong
Published: September 2019

The functional hemizygosity could be caused by the MAE of a given gene and it can be one of the sources to affect the phenotypic variation in cattle. We aimed to identify MAE genes across the transcriptome in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). For three Hanwoo family trios, the transcriptome data of 17 tissues were generated in three offspring. Sixty-two MAE genes had a monoallelic expression in at least one tissue. Comparing genotypes among each family trio, the preferred alleles of 18 genes were identified (maternal expression, n = 9; paternal expression, n = 9). The MAE genes are involved in gene regulation, metabolic processes, and immune responses, and in particular, six genes encode transcription factors (FOXD2, FOXM1, HTATSF1, SCRT1, NKX6-2, and UBN1) with tissue-specific expression. In this study, we report genome-wide MAE genes in seventeen tissues of adult cattle. These results could help to elucidate epigenetic effects on phenotypic variation in Hanwoo.
Regulation and Molecular Mechanism of TLR5 on Resistance to Escherichia coli F18 in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Dai Chaohui , Yang Li , Jin Jian , Wang Haifei , Wu Shenglong , Bao Wenbin
Published: September 2019

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays an important role in immune system. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of the duodenum in E. coli F18-resistant and -sensitive Sutai weaned piglets and analyzed the differential expression of TLR5. The cellular localization of TLR5 was investigated, and the effect of TLR5 expression on E. coli invasion was evaluated after pig small intestinal epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2) were stimulated by E. coli. The results showed that TLR5 expression level in duodenum and jejunum were significantly higher in E. coli F18-sensitive than in E. coli F18-resistant piglets. TLR5 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The expression of genes associated with the TLR5 signaling pathway were significantly higher in TLR5-overexpressed cells than in control cells. Bacterial adhesion was higher in TLR5-overexpressed cells than in blank cells and lower in TLR5 interference than in blank cells. The core promoter region of TLR5 included two CpG islands and 16 acting elements. The methylation of the mC-6 site in the second CpG island of the promoter region had a regulatory effect on TLR5 expression. Therefore, TLR5 plays an important regulatory role on E. coli invasion. Low expression of TLR5 inhibited the immune response and decreased cell damage, which was conducive to the resistance to E. coli stimulation. In conclusion, this study preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanism of TLR5 gene regulating the resistance of piglets to Escherichia coli, and provided a new candidate gene for screening Escherichia coli resistance markers in pigs.
An Evaluation of the Genetic Structure of Geese Maintained in Poland on the Basis of Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Warzecha Joanna , Oczkowicz Maria , Rubis Dominika , Fornal Agnieszka , Szmatoła Tomasz , Bugno-Poniewierska Monika
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of the White Kołuda® goose and 12 conservative flocks: Kielecka, Podkarpacka, Garbonosa, Pomerian, Rypinska, Landes, Lubelska, Suwalska, Kartuska, Romanska, Slowacka, and Kubanska, maintained in Poland using microsatellite data. The genetic diversity of geese kept in Poland remains poorly analyzed at the molecular level. In total 392 samples were examined with the usage of 15 microsatellite markers. 119 alleles were identified and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 13. The highest number of alleles was observed in TTUCG5 (16) and the lowest in CAUD-G007 (2), while CKW47 was monomorphic. The lowest value of expected heterozygosity (He) was observed in Landes, while the highest in Romanska. Similarly, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was the lowest in Landes but the highest in Kartuska. The polymorphism information content (PIC) indicates loci TTUCG5 as the most valuable microsatellite marker among those examined. The Structure software was used for the first time to identify goose populations, revealing high admixture between breeds and their close genetic propinquity. Moreover, the presented panel of microsatellite markers remained polymorphic and is useful for population studies of geese and assessment of genetic diversity.
Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli CFT073 after Prolonged Exposure to Subinhibitory Concentrations of Different Biocides
Authors: Ligowska-Marzęta Małgorzata , Hancock Viktoria , Ingmer Hanne , M. Aarestrup Frank
Published: September 2019

Biocides are chemical compounds widely used for sterilization and disinfection. The aim of this study was to examine whether exposure to subinhibitory biocide concentrations influenced transcriptional expression of genes that could improve a pathogen’s drug resistance or fitness. We used DNA microarrays to investigate the transcriptome of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 in response to prolonged exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of four biocides: benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and triclosan. Transcription of a gene involved in polymyxin resistance, arnT, was increased after treatment with benzalkonium chloride. However, pretreatment of the bacteria with this biocide did not result in cross-resistance to polymyxin in vitro. Genes encoding products related to transport formed the functional group that was most affected by biocides, as 110 out of 884 genes in this category displayed altered transcription. Transcripts of genes involved in cysteine uptake, sulfate assimilation, dipeptide transport, as well as cryptic phage genes were also more abundant in response to several biocides. Additionally, we identified groups of genes with transcription changes unique to single biocides that might include potential targets for the biocides. The biocides did not increase the resistance potential of the pathogen to other antimicrobials.
Characterization of the Metabolic Response of Streptomyces clavuligerus to Shear Stress in Stirred Tanks and Single-Use 2D Rocking Motion Bioreactors for Clavulanic Acid Production
Authors: Gómez-Ríos David , Junne Stefan , Neubauer Peter , Ochoa Silvia , Ríos-Estepa Rigoberto , Ramírez-Malule Howard
Published: September 2019

Streptomyces clavuligerus is a gram-positive filamentous bacterium notable for producing clavulanic acid (CA), an inhibitor of β-lactamase enzymes, which confers resistance to bacteria against several antibiotics. Here we present a comparative analysis of the morphological and metabolic response of S. clavuligerus linked to the CA production under low and high shear stress conditions in a 2D rocking-motion single-use bioreactor (CELL-tainer ®) and stirred tank bioreactor (STR), respectively. The CELL-tainer® guarantees high turbulence and enhanced volumetric mass transfer at low shear stress, which (in contrast to bubble columns) allows the investigation of the impact of shear stress without oxygen limitation. The results indicate that high shear forces do not compromise the viability of S. clavuligerus cells; even higher specific growth rate, biomass, and specific CA production rate were observed in the STR. Under low shear forces in the CELL-tainer® the mycelial diameter increased considerably (average diameter 2.27 in CELL-tainer® vs. 1.44 µm in STR). This suggests that CA production may be affected by a lower surface-to-volume ratio which would lead to lower diffusion and transport of nutrients, oxygen, and product. The present study shows that there is a strong correlation between macromorphology and CA production, which should be an important aspect to consider in industrial production of CA.
Moderate Intensity Resistive Training Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Muscle Mass and Function in Older Individuals
Authors: Vezzoli Alessandra , Mrakic-Sposta Simona , Montorsi Michela , Porcelli Simone , Vago Paola , Cereda Ferdinando , Longo Stefano , Maggio Marcello , Narici Marco
Published: September 2019

An innovative moderate-intensity resistive exercise-training (RT) program was tested in thirty-five sarcopenic elders (SAR). The subjects were randomized into two groups: SAR training (SAR-RT), n = 20, 73.0 ± 5.5 years, or SAR non-training (SAR-NT), n = 15, 71.7 ± 3.4 years. The training consisted of 12-week progressive RT, thrice/week, at 60% one-repetition maximum (1RM), 3 sets, 14–16 repetitions for both upper and lower limbs. The pre and post intervention measurements included: the skeletal muscle index (SMI%); strength (1RM); stair-climbing power (SCP); muscle thickness (MT) of vastus lateralis (VL) and elbow flexors (EF), VL pennation angle (PA), rectus femoris (RF) anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA); reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (PC), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), 8-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2-α), 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), as markers of oxidative stress/damage (OxS). In SAR-RT, SCP increased by 7.7% (P < 0.01), MT increased by 5.5% for VL, 10.4% for EF and PA increased by 13.4% for VL (P < 0.001 for all). The RF ACSA increased by 14.5% (P < 0.001). 1RM significantly increased by at least 67% for all muscles tested. Notably muscle strength (1RM) positively correlated (P < 0.001) with TAC and negatively with PC (P < 0.001). In conclusion, moderate intensity RT is an effective strategy to increase muscle mass and strength in SAR, while minimizing OxS.