bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extensive reading: The vocabulary levels of English-subtitled Korean, Japanese and Chinese drama series
Authors: Hsu Wenhua
Published: October 2024

‘Drama fever’ has been riding high with increasing consumer usage of OTT streaming services and prevalence of Internet-connected mobile devices, leading to the phenomenon of binge-watching on college campuses in Taiwan. This study targeted English subtitles as a source of input, since they offer EFL leaners a channel for exposure to English. The researcher compiled four corpora with each having approximately 2.5 million English-subtitled words from Korean, Japanese, American and Chinese TV series across a couple of genres with high viewership ratings on OTT services for comparison. The operational measures involved vocabulary levels along the word-frequency scale of the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Results showed that English-subtitled Korean, Japanese and Chinese dramas reached the 2nd—3rd 1000 word-family levels at 95% text coverage and the 4th—5th 1000 levels at 98% coverage, while American series extended to the 7th—8th 1000 levels at 98% coverage from the 3rd—4th 1000 levels at 95% coverage. The data may serve as a reference concerning the vocabulary goal within the first 5000 word families for EFL learners if they continually binge-watch drama series at their leisure time.
Capturing Moments to Analyze Students’ Transformative Thinking through Photovoice in an English Language Teaching Classroom
Authors: Afifah Wiwiek
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore how students’ thinking evolved during joining the ELT class, how their insights changed, what moments lead students to undergo the transformation, and what ELT students believed about the TT contribution to ELT. Photovoice, a participatory research method was employed to these determined research purposes. Approximately 75 students, aged 19-20 years old were invited to participate in this study. They were instructed to submit two pictures. Each picture was given 5 questions: what you saw here, what really happened, how did this relate to your life, why did this occur, and what could you do regarding EL II. A questionnaire was designed to be filled out by the students using Google Forms, which was used as the second data to complete the pictures’ interpretation. Data analysis then used the model from Erlingsson and Brysiewicz (2017) consisting of four steps: condensation, coding using MAXQDA, categorization, and finalizing the themes. This study provided insightful information about the dynamics of transformative thinking in ELT classrooms through photovoice. The results helped us understand the cognitive and affective aspects of English language learning, which guided the pedagogical strategies used in ELT classes to promote students’ transformational thinking.
First-year-students' perceptions of asynchronous media platform (AMP) for learning English
Authors: Sunjayanto Masykuri Edi , Vlаdimirоvnа Vоrоnushkinа Olesya , Evgenevichc Mezentsev Ivan
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the attitudes of first-year university students toward the use of asynchronous applications in learning reading comprehension. The primary objectives were to determine students' perceptions of using smartphone-based asynchronous media platforms (AMP) for reading comprehension, assess how these applications enhance student engagement, and understand the rationale behind their use. Data were collected via a questionnaire administered to twenty-seven first-year university students. A case study approach was employed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The findings indicate that students have a positive attitude toward the use of asynchronous applications for reading comprehension, with high average scores on the questionnaire demonstrating favorable assessments of these tools. The positive student attitudes toward asynchronous applications suggest that integrating these tools into the EFL curriculum could significantly enhance reading comprehension and engagement. The use of asynchronous media platforms provides flexibility and accessibility, enabling students to learn at their own pace and on their own schedule. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the potential benefits of asynchronous applications in EFL learning environments. By adopting these tools, educators can create more dynamic and interactive learning experiences that cater to the diverse needs of students.
Unlocking Online Success: The Crucial Role of Meta Ads Manager in Elevating Content Reach and Engagement for Market Penetration in Digital Marketing Agency
Authors: Dutta Surjadeep , Arivazhagan R. , Sengupta Sarthak , B Shyamaladevi , Edwin T.S.
Published: October 2024

In the dynamic landscape of online marketing, achieving success hinges on the ability to effectively reach and engage target audiences. This abstract explores the role of Meta Ads Manager in unlocking online success by elevating content reach and engagement for comprehensive market penetration. As businesses navigate the digital realm, the Meta Ads Manager emerges as a strategic ally, offering a multifaceted approach to optimize online advertising efforts. This paper delves into the importance of leveraging Meta Ads Manager to enhance content reach, emphasizing its role as a catalyst for increasing brand visibility and fostering meaningful connections with the audience. The discussion revolves around the distinctive features of Meta Ads Manager that empower marketers to craft tailored campaigns, utilizing advanced targeting tools and analytics for precise audience segmentation. By strategically deploying advertisements on the Meta platform, businesses can penetrate markets with unprecedented efficiency, ensuring that their content resonates with the right demographics. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of engagement tracking through Meta Ads Manager, elucidating how it provides invaluable insights into user behaviour, preferences, and interactions. The ability to monitor and analyze engagement metrics enables marketers to refine their strategies, optimizing content delivery and fostering a more personalized user experience. The comprehensive analytics and reporting capabilities of Meta Ads Manager allow advertisers to monitor the progress of their campaigns in real-time, facilitating the ability to modify strategies and enhance results. By utilising A/B testing, agencies have the ability to conduct experiments with various ad creatives and methods in order to ascertain which ones have the greatest impact on their audience. This process allows them to continuously improve and enhance their strategy. Meta Ads Manager is essential for market penetration as it enables precise and data-oriented marketing strategies that result in higher levels of engagement and conversion rates. In conclusion, this abstract underscore the transformative impact of Meta Ads Manager on online market penetration. By harnessing its capabilities, businesses can not only extend their content's reach but also forge deeper connections with their target audience, ultimately propelling them towards sustained online success.
Analytical Review of the Development of Innovative Project Activities of Extracurricular Art Educational Institutions of Ukraine
Authors:   Private Institution of Higher Education ", Pasechnyk I. ,   Rauf Ablyazov East European University"
Published: October 2024

In modern conditions of education development, extracurricular art institutions play a key role in the formation of creative abilities, creative thinking and general cultural development of children and youth. Innovation and project activity in such institutions is becoming increasingly important, as it contributes to attracting students to active creative work, developing their potential and preparing for future professional activities in the field of art. This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of innovation and project activity in extracurricular art educational institutions of Ukraine. It examines the main trends, challenges and prospects for the development of this activity. The focus is on aspects such as the introduction of new technologies, the integration of various arts, cooperation with other educational and cultural institutions, as well as participation in international projects. Based on the analysis, conclusions can be drawn about the current state and prospects of innovation and project activities in extracurricular art educational institutions. In modern conditions, despite the martial law and the associated reduction in the number of extracurricular art educational institutions, teachers and insufficient funding, innovation and project activities are actively carried out in different regions of the state with the active support of society. The development and implementation of innovative projects is an important element in the development of art education, which contributes to improving its quality, attracting more students to active creative activity and preparing them for future professional activities in the field of art. Prospects for development include expanding cooperation with international partners, introducing the latest technologies, improving methods of organizing project activities and expanding sources of funding.
The Impact of Internationalization of Human Resources on Economic Development and Competitiveness of Labor Potential, Educational Institutions and Innovative Project Activities
Authors:   Flight Academy of the National Aviation University, Bondar Iu. , Petchenko M. ,   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Buhaieva M. ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the impact of internationalization of human resources on economic development and competitiveness of labor potential. Special attention is paid to the role of educational institutions in training qualified personnel capable of working in the conditions of globalization. The authors analyzed how internationalization affects innovative project activities, promoting the exchange of knowledge and best practices between countries. The article also discusses strategies for internationalization of labor potential and the importance of developing international partnerships in the field of education and science. Modern trends in the internationalization of human resources at the level of states, corporations, and educational institutions were systematized and evaluated. Special attention is focused on the interaction of international applicants and teachers, exchange of experience and cultural values. Examples of successful initiatives involving foreign specialists in national projects and research supporting innovative development are given. The final sections of the article highlight the prospects for the further development of the internationalization of labor resources in the context of the globalization of the economy and formulate recommendations for the policy of education and development of human resources.
Digital Transformation of Industry: Current Realities and Development Priorities
Authors:   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ostrovska Н. , Ostrovskyy O. ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the digital transformation of industry key priorities and the impact of its processes on ensuring progress towards achieving sustainable development goals. It is proved that changes in the technological modality lead to changes in socio-economic systems, in particular in institutional, social and economic components, as well as in socio-economic relations between the actors involved in the processes of the digital environment. There is a strong accent for the need and importance of promoting digital transformation, which has proven to be a force that opens up new opportunities for the development of industrial enterprises. The focus is on the essence of changes in business processes, features and industry specifics of digital transformation. The author's definition of the category “digital transformation” is given. The greatest demands of the industrial sector are characterized by advanced digital technologies. The European experience of providing digital services is studied. It is reasoned that digital transformation makes it possible to reduce the digital divide in terms of the level of digital technology adoption. Specific barriers and the main factors inhibiting the digital transformation of the domestic industrial sector are identified. Recommendations are developed in the context of priorities for the development of industry digital transformation. The results obtained deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations for managing the processes of Industry 4.0 formation and development in Ukraine in terms of identifying priority areas for the introduction of digital technologies at domestic industrial enterprises.
Implementation of Investment Projects Based on the Principles of Partnership Between Government, Business and Society in Ukraine: Modern Trends and Development Forecasting
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Petrova I.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of the partnership of government, business and society on the basis of public-private partnership (PPP) in Ukraine for the period 2024-2030, in particular in the context of the country's post-war recovery. The paper examines the key trends in the implementation of PPP contracts for the period from 2018 to 2023, reveals serious problems in the implementation of projects, in particular, a decrease in the number of implemented contracts and an increase in the share of unimplemented and terminated contracts. The influence of military actions on the PPP implementation process is analyzed and the need to adapt management mechanisms to new conditions is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the role of PPPs in the recovery of critical sectors such as education, health care, transport and others, as well as opportunities to attract investments. Three main scenarios for the development of the partnership between government, business and society for the coming years are considered: optimistic, basic and pessimistic. It was determined that the PPP has significant potential for positive change, but success will depend on economic stability, political decisions and the effectiveness of legislative changes. For the purpose of more accurate forecasting, the Monte Carlo method was applied, which made it possible to obtain detailed forecasts of PPP development under three scenarios. The simulation results showed that the optimistic scenario predicts a high potential for project development and a significant amount of investment, while the pessimistic scenario reflects possible difficulties and limited growth. The importance of strategic planning and adaptation to possible changes for effective management of investment projects on the basis of partnership between government, business and society in conditions of uncertainty is justified.
Modern Aspects of the Methodology of Scientific Research in the Financial Sphere
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Putintsev A. , Mala S. ,   V. I. Vernadsky Taurida National University
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the concepts of "method" and "methodology" of scientific research in the financial sphere. The study analyzed general and special methods of scientific research that are widely used in the construction of scientific theories and concepts in financial science and practice. The influence of the martial law on the development of science and the financial sphere of the economy of Ukraine is significant and has many aspects. The article examines the concept of the methodology of a systematic approach to scientific research, which allows comprehensively solving financial problems under the influence of controversial factors.
Identification of genetic loci associated with live body weight and carcass weight in red brown Korean native chickens
Authors: Macharia John Kariuki , Kim Jaewon , Kim Minjun , Cho Eunjin , Munyaneza Jean Pierre , Choo Hyo Jun , Lee Jun Heon
Published: October 2024

Body weight is an important quantitative trait controlled by genetic and environmental factors. The identification of genetic mechanisms influencing weight gain is important for improving the production of chicken meat. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify genetic loci associated with live body weight and carcass weight at the age of 10 weeks in the Red Brown Korean chickens. The body weight of 541 chickens was measured before slaughter. On the other hand, carcass weights for 637 chickens were obtained after slaughter. DNA samples were genotyped using the 60K Illumina SNP panel. Genome-wide association studies for the two traits were conducted separately using the mixed linear model. Two suggestively significant SNPs in chromosome 11 were associated with live body weight. As for carcass weight, seven suggestively significant SNPs were identified in chromosomes 1, 3 and 10. Several candidate genes, including the GLG-1, FHOD1 and AGRP, were associated with live body weight. Likewise, the genomic regions associated with carcass weight harboured notable genes, including HMG20A, TSPAN3, NRG4 and TBC1D2B. Furthermore, the identified SNPs were in QTL regions associated with growth traits in chickens. The results of this study provided insights into the genetic mechanisms influencing live body weight and carcass weight at 10 weeks of age in the Red Brown Korean native chickens. Further studies are warranted to verify the candidate genes' role in the regulation of growth and weight gain in chickens.
Efficacy and safety of intra-articular-only meropenem after one-stage revision for treating Escherichia coli-induced periprosthetic joint infection in a rat model
Authors: Li Yicheng , Wuermanbieke Shalitanati , Wang Fei , Mu Wenbo , Ji Baochao , Guo Xiaobin , Zou Chen , Chen Yanyang , Zhang Xiaogang , Cao Li
Published: October 2024

Aims

The optimum type of antibiotics and their administration route for treating Gram-negative (GN) periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remain controversial. This study aimed to determine the GN bacterial species and antibacterial resistance rates related to clinical GN-PJI, and to determine the efficacy and safety of intra-articular (IA) antibiotic injection after one-stage revision in a GN pathogen-induced PJI rat model of total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

A total of 36 consecutive PJI patients who had been infected with GN bacteria between February 2015 and December 2021 were retrospectively recruited in order to analyze the GN bacterial species involvement and antibacterial resistance rates. Antibiotic susceptibility assays of the GN bacterial species were performed to screen for the most sensitive antibiotic, which was then used to treat the most common GN pathogen-induced PJI rat model. The rats were randomized either to a PJI control group or to three meropenem groups (intraperitoneal (IP), IA, and IP + IA groups). After two weeks of treatment, infection control level, the side effects, and the volume of antibiotic use were evaluated.

Results

Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen in GN-PJI, and meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic. Serum inflammatory markers, weightbearing activity, and Rissing score were significantly improved by meropenem, especially in the IA and IP + IA groups ( p < 0.05). Meropenem in the IA group eradicated E. coli from soft-tissue, bone, and prosthetic surfaces, with the same effect as in the IP + IA group. Radiological results revealed that IA and IP + IA meropenem were effective at relieving bone damage. Haematoxylin and eosin staining also showed that IA and IP + IA meropenem improved synovial inflammation and bone destruction. No pathological changes in the main organs or abnormal serum markers were observed in any of the meropenem-treated rats. The IA group required the lowest amount of meropenem, followed by the IP and IP + IA groups.

Conclusion

IA-only meropenem with a two-week treatment course was effective and safe for PJI control following one-stage revision in a rat model, with less meropenem use.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(10):546–558.
Unexpected positive cultures in aseptic revision hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kayani Babar , Mancino Fabio , Baawa-Ameyaw Joanna , Roussot Mark A. , Haddad Fares S.
Published: October 2024

Aims

The outcomes of patients with unexpected positive cultures (UPCs) during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence and infection-free implant survival in UPCs during presumed aseptic single-stage revision THA and TKA at mid-term follow-up.

Methods

This study included 297 patients undergoing presumed aseptic single-stage revision THA or TKA at a single treatment centre. All patients with at least three UPCs obtained during revision surgery were treated with minimum three months of oral antibiotics following revision surgery. The prevalence of UPCs and causative microorganisms, the recurrence of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), and the infection-free implant survival were established at minimum five years’ follow-up (5.1 to 12.3).

Results

Of the 297 patients undergoing aseptic revisions, 37 (12.5%) had at least three UPCs obtained during surgery. The UPC cohort included 23 males (62.2%) and 14 females (37.8%), with a mean age of 71.2 years (47 to 82). Comorbidities included smoking (56.8%), hypertension (48.6%), diabetes mellitus (27.0%), and chronic renal impairment (13.5%). The causative microorganisms included Staphylococcus epidermidis (49.6%), Bacillus species (18.9%), Micrococcus species (16.2%), and Cutibacterium acnes (16.2%). None of the study patients with UPCs developed further PJIs or required further surgical intervention during follow-up.

Conclusion

The prevalence of UPCs during presumed aseptic revision THA and TKA was 12.5%. The most common causative microorganisms were of low virulence, and included S. epidermidis, Bacillus species, Micrococcus species, and C. acnes. Microorganism-specific antibiotic treatment for minimum three months’ duration of UPCs in presumed aseptic revision arthroplasty was associated with excellent infection-free implant survival at mid-term follow-up.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):832–836.
Case report: triplane fracture of distal humeral epiphysis diagnosed using ultrasonography
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1, Takebayashimachi, Utsunomiya-Shi, Tochigi 321-0974, Japan, Ichihara Yuichiro , Oki Satoshi ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1, Takebayashimachi, Utsunomiya-Shi, Tochigi 321-0974, Japan, Iwabu Shohei ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1, Takebayashimachi, Utsunomiya-Shi, Tochigi 321-0974, Japan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: We encountered a rare case of distal humeral triplane fracture. Ultrasonography was useful for the diagnosis. Case Report: A boy, aged 5 years 11 months, fell from a height of 1.5 m and injured with his left arm. X-ray (XR) and computed tomography (CT) studies were conducted and showed a fracture at the metaphysis of the lateral humerus. The forearm axis was dislocated posteromedially to the humeral axis, but the ossification center of the capitellum was correctly located on the radial axis. By using ultrasonography, we diagnosed a triplane fracture of distal humeral epiphysis. Surgery was performed and the patient was observed via ultrasonography. Conclusion: Distal humeral epiphysiolysis is often overlooked or is misdiagnosed. Ultrasonography was useful for a detailed observation of the fracture. When diagnosing a distal humeral epiphysiolysis or lateral humeral condyle fracture, clinicians should suspect the possibility of a triplane fracture, evaluate the epiphysis, and confirm the presence of the fracture by using ultrasonography. Keywords: distal humeral epiphysiolysis, Salter Harris type II, lateral humeral condyle fracture, triplane fracture
Transforaminal Migration of K-Wire From Clavicle to Cervical Spinal Canal: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India., Venkataramana K , Sreenivas Kalyan Deepak ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India., Iytha Muni Srikanth ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India., Abraham Vineet Thomas ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Kirshner wires are commonly used for orthopedic surgical fixation for shoulder injuries, particularly around the acromioclavicular joint. They are versatile, cheap, and minimally invasive in stabilizing bone fragments. However, there have been cases of secondary migration of K-wires from the clavicle to surrounding tissues, particularly around the cervical spine. Case Report: We present a case of a 60-year-old female with left-sided neck pain and radiation to the left upper limb, a K-wire was found to have migrated through the C7-T1 foramina left side into the spinal canal posterior to the vertebral body in a transverse trajectory. The patient underwent surgical removal of the K-wire, and post-operative pain improved without neurological complaints. Conclusion: Even though Kirshner wires are versatile, cheap, and minimally invasive in stabilizing bone fragments, but migration to unexpected anatomical sites remains a concern. This paper reviews the literature and discusses clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and surgical approaches related to spinal canal migration of K-wires. Keywords: Kirshner wire, migration, spinal canal, clavicle fixation, acromioclavicular repair.
Sclerotherapy as a Primary or Salvage Procedure for Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Saraf Amit , Kumar S Krishna ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A benign and locally aggressive tumor, aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) can develop in any bone but are more common in the metaphysis of long bones. Case Report: A 10-year-old female patient arrived at our outpatient department two years ago with a history of recurring discomfort, edema, and limited movement in her right shoulder and proximal 1/3 of her right arm. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging of the humerus was performed and was diagnosed as ABC of the proximal humerus. The patient was managed with sclerotherapy with polidocanol injections. The patient experienced significant symptoms improvement was seen 2 months after starting treatment, and there were no post-operative side effects. Monthly progress reports were started, and after 3 months, physiotherapy was added to improve shoulder range of motion because there were no indications of a recurrence. A 2-year follow-up showed improvement and no indications of a relapse. Conclusion: Percutaneous sclerotherapy can be used as a primary procedure for ABC. Keywords: Sclerotherapy, aneurysmal bone cyst, polidocanol injections
Surgical Treatment of Central Type Mirror Foot Associated with Eight Toes: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic, Inter Balkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece., Laliotis Nikolaos , Chrysanthou Chrysanthos ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Inter Balkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece., Konstandinidis Panagiotis ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Inter Balkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece., Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulo Maria ,   Department of Orthopaedic, Inter Balkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Mirror foot is an extremely rare type of foot malformation and is characterized by the duplication of toes and metatarsals around a centrally located hallux toe. It can be part of a generalized congenital dysplasia or an isolated one. The central type is the less frequent form of the mirror foot. Case Report: We present an isolated type of central mirror foot with eight toes, seven metatarsals, and four cuneiforms. The isolated toe was medially located. The child presented no other deformities. Surgical management was performed at the age of 1 year, consisting of central-ray removal, using a dorsal and plantar incision. The approximation of the remaining metatarsals was reinforced using a suture that enwrapped the bones. We achieved an appropriate reduction in the width of the foot. A year after the procedure, the foot had a normal shape. Conclusion: Our manuscript presents the case of a central mirror foot that was treated surgically with adequate restoration of the proximity of the remaining rays. Keywords: Mirror foot, 8 toes foot, polydactyly, congenital foot anomaly, surgical treatment.
Spontaneous Bilateral Patellar Tendon Rupture in Patient with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Franco Helena , Fraser David ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Bilateral spontaneous patellar tendon ruptures are rare, though it is hypothesized to be more common in patients with risk factors such as connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS), systemic disorders weakening collagen structures, chronic stress around the patellar tendon, medications, and obesity or sedentary lifestyles. Clinicians should maintain a high degree of clinical suspicion for concerning features on clinical examination and radiological investigations to facilitate prompt diagnosis and operative management. This case report describes the first documented case of an adult patient with EDS who sustained bilateral spontaneous patellar tendon ruptures. There is one previously reported acute bilateral patellar tendon rupture occurring in a pediatric patient with EDS. Within the adult literature, two case reports have reported patients with EDS: One acute unilateral patellar tendon rupture who underwent operative management and one chronic patellar tendon tear requiring reconstruction 2.5 years following initial end-to-end repair. Case Report: A 45-year-old male sustained bilateral patellar tendon ruptures after falling onto his knees while pushing a heavy cart. The patient reported a giving-way sensation and was unable to mobilize independently. On presentation to the emergency department, the patient was noted to have an absent straight-leg raise and a palpable gap between the distal pole of the patella and patellar tendon. Plain radiograph and ultrasound investigations confirmed bilateral complete patellar tendon ruptures. The patient underwent operative management 5 days following injury through bilateral direct patellar tendon repair utilizing the Krackow technique with transosseous fixation. Twelve months post-operatively, the patient had returned to pre-injuries activities of daily living, a full active range of motion without extensor lag, and recorded “fair knee function” on the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. Conclusion: This case report described the first reported bilateral spontaneous patellar tendon rupture in an adult patient with EDS, who underwent operative management and achieved a return to pre-injury function. Furthermore, this case report summarizes the pre-existing literature on spontaneous bilateral patellar tendon ruptures and patellar tendon ruptures in patients with EDS. Keywords: Spontaneous patellar tendon rupture, bilateral patellar tendon rupture, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome tendon rupture.
Adult Hip Manifestations in Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Sanghavi Sahil , Kothari Abhishek ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Joshi Rajeev ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Patwardhan Sandeep ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Sancheti Parag ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Shyam Ashok ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is rare and sporadic disorder. Clinical manifestation of KTS is heterogenous. KTS patients often suffer degenerative joint disease at an early age. Arthroplasty performed in extremities with KTS is challenging due to vascular malformations and increased risk of intraoperative and post-operative complications. Case Report: We report two patients of KTS with varied musculoskeletal manifestations with one patient treated operatively and one patient managed conservatively, both predominantly affecting the hip joint. We present this report due to rarity of presentation and to discuss varied articular manifestations in two patients with KTS. Both patients fulfilled the criteria and were diagnosed to have KTS. The first patient was a 36 year-old woman who presented with left hip pain since 3 years which was progressively worsening. As this patient did not have any vascular malformations around the hip, a left total hip arthroplasty was planned and successfully executed. The second patient was a 42-year-old gentleman who had polyarticular involvement, mainly affecting the hip and knee. Due to the severe presentation of a subluxated hip, vascular malformations, gross knee laxity, and the patient’s occupational demands; it was decided to opt for conservative management in this patient. Conclusion: KTS often presents a challenging scenario due to the rarity of the condition, multiple systems involved and varied manifestations from patient to patient which makes it essential to individualize treatment goals based on the severity, functional demands, and associated complications. Keywords: Adult, hip, knee, Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome, arthroplasty.
Adaptive TLS-OQSM technology of a wireless optical MIMO communication system over an oceanic vertical turbulence channel
Authors: Wang Jianying , Yin Hongxi , Huang An , Shen Zhongwei
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we construct a wireless optical MIMO system based on the ocean power spectrum in the vertical channels, which is suitable for any sea depth under the combined effects of ocean turbulence and pointing errors. Thereby, an adaptive transmit laser selection-optical quadrature spatial modulation (TLS-OQSM) technology is proposed to improve its effectiveness and reliability of communication. The adaptive TLS-OQSM employs the channel adaptive bit mapping (CABM) to grouping and spatial mapping for laser diode (LD) indices based on limited feedback bits for the adaptive signal modulation and power allocation (PA). Simulation results show that the average BER of the system can be efficiently reduced by applying the adaptive TLS-OQSM scheme at different depths in seawater where optical transceivers are deployed, with different pointing errors and different predefined spectral efficiencies.
Acceptance criteria for contributions involving machine learning/artificial intelligence methods: editorial
Authors: Testorf Markus , Avramov-Zamurovic Svetlana , Korotkova Olga
Published: October 2024

In light of a recent increase in popularity of the topic, we clarify the acceptance criteria for article submissions incorporating machine learning and artificial intelligence.
Measurement of dispersion properties in a short optical fiber for an efficient quantum frequency converter
Authors: Lee Dongjin , Kim Junyeop , Shin Heedeuk
Published: October 2024

Optical fibers have played a pivotal role in the long-distance transportation of quantum states and quantum key distribution due to their low loss. They have garnered attention for photon-pair generation and quantum frequency conversion due to their engineered dispersion properties. Accurate measurement of dispersion properties is essential for these applications. In this study, we introduce a new method to measure the dispersion properties of short optical fibers using Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing (BS-FWM). We successfully measured properties, including zero group-velocity-dispersion wavelength, dispersion slope, and the nonlinear coefficient, for fiber lengths ranging from 9.7 m to 392.7 m. Furthermore, we achieved efficient quantum frequency conversion with an efficiency of 83.8±0.8% using parameters extracted from a 53.9-m-long optical fiber. Our research offers a valuable resource for improving the performance of fiber-based photon-pair sources and quantum frequency converters and has potential implications for advancing fiber-based quantum information processing.
Neural-network enhanced adaptive design for ultrathin single-substrate transmissive wide-band optimized polarization converters
Authors: Ding Guowen , Chen Linhao , Luo Xinyao , Wang Shenyun
Published: October 2024

A neural-network enhanced adaptive design for ultrathin, single-substrate polarization converters optimized for wideband transmission is proposed. This research utilizes machine learning to tackle the inverse design challenge, aiming for customizable relative bandwidths of polarization conversion up to 20%. The design incorporates only a dielectric layer surrounded by two metallic layers. A sophisticated concatenated network architecture is central to this work, inversely designing converters for the 10-16 GHz band and achieving targeted bandwidths of 10%-20% at various frequencies with transmission amplitudes exceeding 0.9. One sample has been constructed and measured. This structure enables 90° cross-polarization conversion with a transmission bandwidth of 20%, with an optimized thickness of just 0.09λ0. Validation tests on the prototype demonstrate less than 2% error, confirming the method's precision and its potential for broader applications in metamaterial and metasurface design.
Three-wavelengths integrated SiN optical phased array for LiDAR and FSO data link applications
Authors: Sabouri S. , Mendoza L. A. , Jamshidi K.
Published: October 2024

We propose a scalable integrated silicon nitride optical phased array (OPA) enabling multi-beam emission and two-dimensional continuous beam steering for light detection and ranging (LiDAR), free-space optics (FSO), and data link applications. The emitters are optimized grating couplers for wavelengths of 800 nm, 850 nm, and 905 nm. We propose three OPAs, two with 8 emitters and one with 16 emitters. The OPAs are characterized at a wavelength of 850nm. The measured beam size of the OPAs are 0.96° ×0.12°, 0.69° ×5.42°, and 0.7° ×1.53°. A lateral beam steering of ±12.35° is measured. The proposed configuration of the thermo-optical phase shifters along the OPA tree provides a simple multi-level beam splitting resolution for each OPA. By enhancing the unwanted side lobes, a discrete angular selection resolution is achieved, improving from 6.1° to 0.082°. We proposed an array of heaters to suppress the unwanted side lobes of the radiation pattern, and its performance is measured and presented. We measured the modulated beam considering pulses with different duty cycles up to 5 MHz and data rates up to 6.25 Mb/s.
Ultrafast diffraction algorithms for light-in-flight holography
Authors: Blinder David , Kakue Takashi
Published: October 2024

Digital light-in-flight (LIF) holography is an ultrafast imaging technique capable of single-shot simultaneous 3D and femtosecond time resolution acquisitions of light pulse propagation. However, the numerical diffraction algorithms used to model light on femtosecond timescales are currently limited in scope, accuracy, and efficiency. We derive an analytical model capable of modeling LIF hologram formation for various optical setup configurations, able to model 3D objects and precisely account for the limited temporal coherence of the signal. We design an efficient algorithmic implementation and validate the system in numerical simulations and with an experimental LIF holographic recording setup. We report ultrafast numerical diffraction over 10,000 times faster than the reference technique, with higher accuracy and capable of modeling 3D samples, thereby broadening its application domain.
A call to strengthen international collaboration to assess climate change effects in polar regions
Authors: Gaffey Clare B. , Bax Narissa , Krauzig Naomi , Tougeron Kévin
Published: October 2024

Climate change is exerting complex and transformative effects in the Arctic and Antarctic; regions that are essential to global climate, biodiversity, and sustainable futures. Given the polar regions’ roles in Earth’s system, a robust, coordinated, and innovative strategy to monitor and manage climate change effects is needed. Insufficient baseline data, inconsistent international collaboration, and short-term financing are obstacles to effectively monitor these changes. This hinders our understanding of biodiversity shifts, their implications for food security, and climate change mitigation. Confronting the impacts of climate change will require interdisciplinary collaboration and genuine participation of nations, including Indigenous communities. This sentiment includes facilitating international cooperation to address scientific objectives despite political tensions. Additional recommendations include establishing regular international requirements to track progress based on available science, optimizing the use of existing infrastructure and resources, enhancing data sharing practices, and securing long-term financing to sustain research. While the existing pan-Antarctic and pan-Arctic initiatives present useful strategies, these initiatives are not a silver bullet. They do, however, provide a starting point for further work. Ultimately, by building upon existing initiatives and harnessing their successful components, we can address limitations of short-term or fragmented studies. We outline tools and data resources for polar research, examples of existing collaborative efforts to build upon, and Indigenous knowledge systems that provide valuable resources for this undertaking.
A scoping review of evidence of naturally occurring Japanese encephalitis infection in vertebrate animals other than humans, ardeid birds and pigs
Authors: Levesque Zoë A. , Walsh Michael G. , Webb Cameron E. , Zadoks Ruth N. , Brookes Victoria J.
Published: October 2024

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of human encephalitis in Asia. JEV is a vector-borne disease, mainly transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, with Ardeidae birds as maintenance hosts and pigs as amplifying hosts. Other vertebrate animal hosts have been suggested to play a role in the epidemiology of JEV. This scoping review followed PRISMA guidelines to identify species in which evidence of naturally occurring JEV infection was detected in vertebrates other than ardeid birds, pigs and people. Following systematic searches, 4372 records were screened, and data were extracted from 62 eligible studies. Direct evidence (virus, viral antigen or viral RNA) of JEV infection was identified in a variety of mammals and birds (not always identified to the species level), including bats, passerine birds (family Turdidae), livestock (cattle [Bos taurus] and a goat [Capra hircus]), carnivores (two meerkats [Suricata suricatta]), and one horse (Equus caballus). Bat families included Pteropodidae, Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae, Miniopteridae, Hipposideridae. Indirect evidence (antibodies) was identified in several mammalian and avian orders, as well as reported in two reptile species. However, a major limitation of the evidence of JEV infection identified in this review was diagnostic test accuracy, particularly for serological testing. Studies generally did not report diagnostic sensitivity or specificity which is critical given the potential for cross-reactivity in orthoflavivirus detection. We hypothesise that bats and passerine birds could play an underappreciated role in JEV epidemiology; however, development of diagnostic tests to differentiate JEV from other orthoflaviviruses will be essential for effective surveillance in these, as well as the companion and livestock species that could be used to evaluate JEV control measures in currently endemic regions.
Effectiveness of congenital myelodysplastic clubfoot treatment by the Ponseti method—Systematic review
Authors: Ferreira dos Santos Tatiana , Ferraz Ferreira Gabriel , Nogueira Monica Paschoal
Published: October 2024

In myelomeningocele children, the incidence of equinocavovarus feet, considering all foot deformities, is 25–36%. Treatment options consist of extensive surgeries resulting in rigid feet with better alignment. Ponseti method expanded its indications since the early 2000s, including myelodysplastic feet. However, the literature on success, recurrence, and complication rates remains sparse. Therefore, a systematic review was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Lilacs, and Web of Science databases on October 28, 2020 and July 11, 2023. Normality and sample proportion analysis with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Risks of bias and the quality of studies were also evaluated. Success, recurrence, and complication rates were evaluated and analyzed. Eight case series were identified with 101 patients (176 feet). According to this model, the initial success rate was 93% (95% CI = 0.88–0.96) with I2 = 0%, and the final success was 63% (at 4.9 years of follow-up). Recurrence rate was 62% (95% CI = 50–72), and complication rate was 29% (95% CI = 22–38). Ponseti method for myelodysplastic clubfoot is effective (93% of initial correction). However, there are high complication and recurrence rates, and longer follow-up is needed to identify recurrences and urge for early intervention. Foot abduction brace should be used to avoid recurrences.
CRISPR is easy: Exposure to Last Week Tonight enhances knowledge about gene editing
Authors: Eichmeier April A. , Xenos Michael A.
Published: October 2024

Experts have called for public engagement with the governance of controversial scientific research and discoveries, including CRISPR, the technology that enables gene editing. Though engaging and informing citizens who are not interested in the issue is a challenge, recent studies suggest humor has potential to close interest and knowledge gaps. We tested this potential by exposing individuals (N = 303) to one of three videos (an edited clip from Last Week Tonight, an edited clip from 60 Minutes, or control) that contained broadly overlapping facts about gene editing in an online survey. Results show that while exposure to the Last Week Tonight clip did not increase attentiveness to the issue of human gene editing among individuals with lower levels of interest in science, exposure to the humorous clip caused a modest improvement in issue knowledge. Positive main effects on perceived knowledge were found for both treatments. More research is needed but findings suggest that the use of humor in science communication offers potential, though perhaps limited, for broadening public engagement with emerging areas of science.