bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indolizines and Heterocyclic Chalcones Catalyzed by Supported Copper Nanoparticles.
Authors: Albaladejo Maria Jose , Alonso Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: August 2013

The authors describe the synthesis of different substituted indolizine derivatives via a multicomponent reaction and the synthesis of heterocyclic chalcones with the same starting materials but without addition of a solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,2‐Dialkyldiaziridines and 1,2,3‐Trialkyldiaziridines with Methyl Propiolate in Ionic Liquids and in Organic Solvents.
Authors: Petukhova Vera Yu. , Fershtat Leonid L. , Kachala Vadim V. , Kuznetsov Vladimir V. , Khakimov Dmitriy V. , Pivina Tatyana S. , Makhova Nina N.
Published: August 2013

The reaction of diaziridines of type (I) with methyl propiolate (II) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 3‐(2‐Oxo‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3‐yl)propanoates from Dimethyl 2‐Oxoglutarate and Test of Their Biological Activity.
Authors: Hachama Kamel , Khodja Mohamed , Moulay Saad , Boutoumi Hocine , Hennig Lothar , Sicker Dieter
Published: August 2013

The title compounds (III) are obtained from 2‐aminophenols and dimethyl 2‐oxoglutarate under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansions within the Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of O‐Tethered 1,6‐Enynes. Application to the Synthesis of Natural‐Product‐Like Macrocycles.
Authors: Simonneau Antoine , Harrak Youssef , Jeanne‐Julien Louis , Lemiere Gilles , Mouries‐Mansuy Virginie , Goddard Jean‐Philippe , Malacria Max , Fensterbank Louis
Published: August 2013

The gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of O‐tethered 1,6‐enynes proceeds via a small‐sized ring expansion leading to the tricyclic compounds that contain a substituted dihydropyran moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: The Unexpected and Facile Molybdenum Mediated Formation of Tri‐ and Tetracyclic Pentathiepins from Pyrazine‐Alkynes and Sulfur.
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Ghosh Ashta Chandra , Schulzke Carola
Published: August 2013

Title compounds (II) and (IV) are formed by the reaction of alkynyl‐substituted heterocyclic precursors (I) and (III) with elemental sulfur in the presence of molybdenum oxo bis‐tetrasulfide.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,5‐Bis(arylidene)piperid‐4‐ones Containing 1,3,2‐Oxazaphosphorinane Moieties: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Shipov Anatolii E. , Makarov Mikhail V. , Petrovskii Pavel V. , Rybalkina Ekaterina Yu. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Odinets Irina L.
Published: August 2013

Introduction of oxaphosphorinane moieties into the backbone of the title piperidones results in compounds possessing high antitumor properties toward human carcinoma cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxirane Oxidation of 2‐Aryl‐1‐vinyl‐1,1‐diphosphane Dioxide: A Convenient Approach for the Synthesis of Novel 1,2‐Epoxy‐2‐aryl Ethylgembisphosphonates.
Authors: Fotsing Marthe Carine Djuidje , Coville Neil , Mbianda Xavier Yangkou
Published: August 2013

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by direct epoxidation of 2‐arylvinyl‐1,1‐diphosphonate derivatives (III) with ethyl methyl dioxirane, generated in situ from potassium hydrogen monopersulfate and butanone in a phase transfer system.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino‐γ‐sulfonyl Phosphonates with a Tetrasubstituted Chiral α‐Carbon via Quinine‐Squaramide‐Catalyzed Michael Addition of Nitrophosphonates to Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Bera Kalisankar , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: August 2013

Title compounds (III) and (V) are suitable precursors for the synthesis of amino‐sulfonyl phosphonates such as (VII), which in turn is amenable for alkylation in α‐position to the sulfonyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Pd Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrostannations: Bu3SnF/PMHS as an Tin Hydride Source.
Authors: Maleczka Robert E. Jr. , Ghosh Banibrata , Gallagher William P. , Baker Aaron J. , Muchnij Jill A. , Szymanski Amy L.
Published: August 2013

This describes an effective in situ source of Bu3SnH for hydrostannations of alkynes with various metal catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed α‐Glycosylation of C(1)‐Hydroxyl D‐myo‐Inositol: A Formal Synthesis of Mycothiol.
Authors: McConnell Matthew S. , Yu Fei , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: August 2013

Formal synthesis of mycothiol is accomplished via Ni‐catalyzed α‐glycosylation of the C(1)‐hydroxyl group of myo‐inositol (II) with C(2)‐N‐substituted trifluoroacetimidate donors, such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Knoevenagel‐Addition — Simple Access to Carbon Chain‐Elongated Branched Carbohydrates.
Authors: Voigt Benjamin , Matviitsuk Anastassia , Mahrwald Rainer
Published: August 2013

A chain‐elongation of terminal protected and unprotected carbohydrates via a Knoevenagel‐addition process of 3‐keto‐esters is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Elegant Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Streptopyrrolidine.
Authors: Shaameri Zurina , Ali Sharifah Hidayah Sharif , Mohamat Mohd Fazli , Yamin Bohari M. , Hamzah Ahmad Sazali
Published: August 2013

A short synthesis of the natural (4R,5R)‐streptopyrrolidine (I) and its unnatural (4S,5S) enantiomer is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Applications of Ferrites
Authors: Valenzuela Raul
Published: August 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes Containing Multiple Bonding Interactions Between Lanthanoid Elements and Main‐Group Fragments
Authors: Summerscales Owen T. , Gordon John C.
Published: August 2013

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Liquid Paraffins
Authors: Rao T. S. S. , Dhurve Susheela , Awasthi Shubhra
Published: August 2013

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Domino Synthesis of Six‐Membered Carbocycles
Authors: Goudedranche Sebastien , Raimondi Wilfried , Bugaut Xavier , Constantieux Thierry , Bonne Damien , Rodriguez Jean
Published: August 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Induced Click Reactions
Authors: Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla , Yagci Yusuf
Published: August 2013

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Marinopyrroles
Authors: Clive Derrick L. J. , Cheng Ping
Published: August 2013

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Patchwork Protein Chemistry: A Practitioner′s Treatise on the Advances in Synthetic Peptide Stitchery
Authors: Verzele Dieter , Madder Annemieke
Published: August 2013

Review: 240 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Properties, and Structure of Tetrazoles: Certain Achievements and Prospects
Authors: Voitekhovich S. V. , Ivashkevich O. A. , Gaponik P. N.
Published: August 2013

Review: 121 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Systems for Glycerol Oxidation: Alternatives for Waste Valorization.
Authors: Beltran‐Prieto Juan Carlos , Kolomaznik Karel , Pecha Jiri
Published: August 2013

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Case for August Wilhelm Hofmann as the Originator of the Field of Organophosphorus Chemistry
Authors: Quin Louis D.
Published: August 2013

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Core—Shell Nanoparticle Catalysts for Efficient Organic Transformations
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: August 2013

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilization of Enzymes on Mesoporous Silicate Materials
Authors: Magner Edmond
Published: August 2013

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme Immobilization in Biocatalysis: Why, What and How
Authors: Sheldon Roger A. , van Pelt Sander
Published: August 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pillararenes: Versatile Synthetic Receptors for Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Yamagishi Tada‐aki
Published: August 2013

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Early Development of Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kloo Lars
Published: August 2013

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecular Blue Phosphorescent Dyes for Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: August 2013

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Alternative to X‐Ray Crystallography for Chiral Determination: Case Studies of Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) to Advance Drug Discovery Projects
Authors: Wesolowski Steven S. , Pivonka Don E.
Published: August 2013

Review: 40 refs.
Bimetallic Iridium–Carbene Complexes with Mesoionic Triazolylidene Ligands for Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Petronilho Ana , Woods James A. , Bernhard Stefan , Albrecht Martin
Published: August 2013

Two new diiridium–triazolylidene complexes were prepared as bimetallic analogues of established mononuclear water oxidation catalysts. Both complexes are efficient catalyst precursors in the presence of cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as sacrificial oxidant. Up to 20000:1 ratios of CAN/complex, the turnover limitation is the availability of CAN and not the catalyst stability. The water oxidation activity of the bimetallic complexes is not better than the monometallic species at 0.6 mM catalyst concentration. Under dilute conditions (0.03 mM), the bimetallic complexes double their activity, whereas the monometallic complexes show an opposite trend and display markedly reduced rates, thereby suggesting a benefit of the close proximity of two metal centers in this low concentration regime. The high dependence of catalyst activity on reaction conditions indicates that caution is required when catalysts are compared by their turnover frequencies only.
Zero‐forcing multi‐way relaying with sum rate maximisation
Authors: Wang Fanggang , Yuan Xiaojun
Published: August 2013

We investigate a wireless multi‐way relaying framework, in which a multi‐antenna relay carries outprecode‐and‐forward, that is, the relay collects and precodes the noisy signals from the users and then forwards the precoded signals to the desired users. We focus on the zero‐forcing (ZF) approach in which each user receives its signal of interest from one other user without suffering from the interference from the remaining users. We derive an optimal form of the ZF precoder that is generic for pairwise/non‐pairwise multi‐way relaying with/without network coding. Simulation results indicate that the proposed ZF relaying scheme with network coding considerably outperforms existing schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Fluorine‐Containing Polybenzimidazole (PBI) for Proton‐Conducting Membranes in Fuel Cells
Authors: Li X. , Qian G. , Chen X. , Benicewicz B. C.
Published: August 2013

A new type of fluorine‐containing polybenzimidazole, namely poly(2,2′‐(2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐biphenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole) (BTBP‐PBI), was developed as a candidate for proton‐conducting membranes in fuel cells. Polymerization conditions were experimentally investigated to achieve high molecular weight polymers with an inherent viscosity (IV) up to 1.60 dl g–1. The introduction of the highly twisted 2,2′‐disubstituted biphenyl moiety into the polymer backbone suppressed the polymer chain packing efficiency and improved polymer solubility in certain polar organic solvents. The polymer also exhibited excellent thermal and oxidative stability. Phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped BTBP‐PBI membranes were prepared by the conventional acid imbibing procedure and their corresponding properties such as mechanical properties and proton conductivity were carefully studied. The maximum membrane proton conductivity was approximately 0.02 S cm–1 at 180 °C with a PA doping level of 7.08 PA/RU. The fuel cell performance of BTBP‐PBI membranes was also evaluated in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) in single cells at elevated temperatures. The testing results showed reliable performance at 180 °C and confirmed the material as a candidate for high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications.
A validated multi‐scale model of a SOFC stack at elevated pressure
Authors: Henke M. , Willich C. , Westner C. , Leucht F. , Kallo J. , Bessler W. G. , Friedrich K. A.
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a multi‐scale model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack consisting of five anode‐supported cells. A two‐dimensional isothermal elementary kinetic model is used to calculate the performance of single cells. Several of these models are thermally coupled to form the stack model. Simulations can be carried out at steady‐state as well as dynamic operation. The model is validated over a wide range of operating conditions including variation of temperature, gas composition (both on anode and cathode side), and pressure. Validation is carried out using polarization curves and impedance spectra. The model is then used to explain the pressure‐induced performance increase measured at constant fuel utilization of 40%. Results show that activation and concentration overpotentials are reduced with increasing pressure.
Olfactory ensheathing cells promote corticospinal axonal outgrowth by a L1 CAM‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Witheford Miranda , Westendorf Kathryn , Roskams A. Jane
Published: August 2013

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) support the ability of the olfactory neuraxis to continually retarget within the mature central nervous system. This has led many groups to transplant OECS into the lesioned rodent spinal cord (SCd) in vivo, with variable degrees of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral success. Some of the most conflicting results in OEC transplantation have come from the corticospinal tract (CST) which has shown a relatively poor regeneration response. Although spinal neurite sprouting occurs in response to OECs in vivo and in vitro, we do not know if OECs possess the molecular machinery to stimulate outgrowth of functionally important motor tracts like the CST. Here, we assay cultured postnatal day 8 mouse CST neurons expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) for their ability to extend axons and dendrites in response to different glia, and show that CST axons elongate in response to proteins in OEC plasma membrane (PM). In contrast, CST dendritic branching preferentially occurs in response to factors secreted by both OECs and astrocytes. We identify the L1‐neural cell adhesion molecule (L1‐NCAM) as a major component of OEC‐induced corticospinal axon elongation, and have determined that OEC PM factors (including L1), can stimulate CST outgrowth even when inhibition is induced by myelin associated glycoprotein. Together, these results suggest that in the right context, OEC‐derived PM factors could enhance CST axonal regeneration, and potentially contribute to approaches to ameliorate recovery from SCd injury. GLIA 2013;61:1873–1889
Clinical outcomes among patients with head and neck cancer treated by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with and without adaptive replanning
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Daly Megan E. , Cui Jing , Mathai Mathew , Benedict Stanley , Purdy James A.
Published: August 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adaptive replanning on clinical outcome among patients treated by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer.

Methods

Three hundred seventeen patients underwent IMRT with daily image‐guidance for newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to a median dose of 66 Gy (range, 60–74 Gy). Of these 317 patients, 51 (16%) underwent adaptive radiotherapy with modification of the original IMRT midway during treatment.

Results

The 2‐year local‐regional control was 88% for patients treated with adaptive replanning compared with 79% for patients treated without (p = .01). The median time to local‐regional recurrence for the 4 patients treated by adaptive radiotherapy was 7 months (range, 3–15 months) with all failures occurring within the high‐dose planning target volume (PTV).

Conclusion

Although the use of routine replanning is probably not necessary, our findings do suggest a significant benefit in appropriately selected patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1541–1546, 2014
Hypothyroidism after 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: Prospective data from 2 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Murthy Vedang , Narang Kushal , Ghosh–Laskar Sarbani , Gupta Tejpal , Budrukkar Ashwini , Agrawal Jai Prakash
Published: August 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of hypothyroidism after chemoradiation in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Methods

One hundred twenty‐two patients treated with 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT; 70 Gy/35#) or intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT; 66 Gy/30#) in 2 identical simultaneous randomized trials were studied. Thyroid function was assessed at baseline and every 3 to 6 monthly thereafter. Development of subclinical (thyroid‐stimulating hormone [TSH] >4.67 μIU/mL) or biochemical (T4 <4.5 μg/dL) hypothyroidism was noted. Multivariate analyses were done to determine the factors associated with hypothyroidism.

Results

At a median of 41 months, 55.1% of the patients developed hypothyroidism (39.3% subclinical, 15.7% biochemical). The IMRT arm had higher subclinical hypothyroidism (51.1% vs 27.3%; p = .021) peaking around 1 year postradiotherapy in both arms. Younger age, hypopharynx/larynx primary, node positivity, higher dose/fraction (IMRT arm), and D100 were statistically significant factors for developing hypothyroidism.

Conclusion

Postradiotherapy hypothyroidism peaks at 1 year. Higher dose per fraction possibly led to greater incidence of hypothyroidism in the IMRT cohort. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1573–1580, 2014
Expulsion of micronuclei containing amplified genes contributes to a decrease in double minute chromosomes from malignant tumor cells
Authors: Ji Wei , Bian Zehua , Yu Yang , Yuan Chao , Liu Yang , Yu Lisa , Li Chunxiang , Zhu Jing , Jia Xueyuan , Guan Rongwei , Zhang Chunyu , Meng Xiangning , Jin Yan , Bai Jing , Yu Jingcui , Lee Ki‐Young , Sun Wenjing , Fu Songbin
Published: August 2013

Double minute chromosomes (DMs) are a hallmark of gene amplification. The relationship between the formation of DMs and the amplification of DM‐carried genes remains to be clarified. The human colorectal cancer cell line NCI‐H716 and human malignant primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell line SK‐PN‐DW are known to contain many DMs. To examine the amplification of DM‐carried genes in tumor cells, we performed Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0 analyses and verified the regions of amplification in NCI‐H716 and SK‐PN‐DW tumor cells. We identified the amplification regions and the DM‐carried genes that were amplified and overexpressed in tumor cells. Using RNA interference, we downregulated seven DM‐carried genes, (NDUFB9, MTSS1, NSMCE2, TRIB1, FAM84B, MYC and FGFR2) individually and then investigated the formation of DMs, the amplification of the DM‐carried genes, DNA damage and the physiological function of these genes. We found that suppressing the expression of DM‐carried genes led to a decrease in the number of DMs and reduced the amplification of the DM‐carried genes through the micronuclei expulsion of DMs from the tumor cells. We further detected an increase in the number of γH2AX foci in the knockdown cells, which provides a strong link between DNA damage and the loss of DMs. In addition, the loss of DMs and the reduced amplification and expression of the DM‐carried genes resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and invasion ability.
Material properties of aged human mitral valve leaflets
Authors: Pham Thuy , Sun Wei
Published: August 2013

This study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties of aged human anterior mitral leaflets (AML) and posterior mitral leaflets (PML). The AML and PML samples from explanted human hearts (n = 21, mean age of 82.62 ± 8.77‐years‐old) were subjected to planar biaxial mechanical tests. The material stiffness, extensibility, and degree of anisotropy of the leaflet samples were quantified. The microstructure of the samples was assessed through histology. Both the AML and PML samples exhibited a nonlinear and anisotropic behavior with the circumferential direction being stiffer than the radial direction. The AML samples were significantly stiffer than the PML samples in both directions, suggesting that they should be modeled with separate sets of material properties in computational studies. Histological analysis indicated the changes in the tissue elastic constituents, including the fragmented and disorganized elastin network, the presence of fibrosis and proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan infiltration and calcification, suggesting possible valvular degenerative characteristics in the aged human leaflet samples. Overall, stiffness increased and areal strain decreased with calcification severity. In addition, leaflet tissues from hypertensive individuals also exhibited a higher stiffness and low areal strain than normotensive individuals. There are significant differences in the mechanical properties of the two human mitral valve leaflets from this advanced age group. The morphologic changes in the tissue composition and structure also infer the structural and functional difference between aged human valves and those of animals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2692–2703, 2014.
Validation of a population of patient‐specific adult acquired flatfoot deformity models
Authors: Spratley E. Meade , Matheis Erika A. , Hayes Curtis W. , Adelaar Robert S. , Wayne Jennifer S.
Published: August 2013

Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a degenerative disease resulting in malalignment of the mid‐ and hindfoot secondary to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and increasing implication of ligament pathologies. Despite the complex 3D nature of AAFD, 2D radiographs are still employed to diagnose and stage the disease. Computer modeling techniques allow for accurate 3D recreations of musculoskeletal systems for the investigation of biomechanical factors contributing to disease. Following Institutional Review Board approval, the lower limbs of six diagnosed AAFD sufferers were imaged with MRI, photographs, and X‐ray. Next, a radiologist graded the MRI attenuation of eight soft‐tissues implicated in AAFD. Six patient‐specific rigid‐body models were then created and loaded according to patient weight, graded soft‐tissues, and extrinsic muscles. Model function was validated using clinically relevant kinematic measures in three planes. Agreement varied depending on the measure, with average absolute deviations of <7° for angles and <4 mm for distances. Additionally, the clinically favored AP talonavicular coverage angle, ML talo‐1st metatarsal angle, and ML 1st cuneiform height showed strong correlations of R2 = 0.63, 0.75, and 0.85, respectively. Thus, computer modeling offers a promising methodology for the non‐invasive investigation of in vivo kinematic behavior in pathologic feet and, once validated, may further be used to investigate biomechanical parameters that are difficult to measure clinically. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1861–1868, 2013
Short‐term effects of application of different rates of inorganic P and residue P on soil P pools and wheat growth
Authors: Alamgir Md , Marschner Petra
Published: August 2013

Phosphorus (P) can be added to soil as inorganic P or crop‐residue P, but little is known about how these two forms of P addition affect soil P pools and how their effect changes with the rate of P addition. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inorganic P and P added as residues at different rates on (1) soil P pools at two time points: immediately after amendment and 42 d later, and (2) growth and P uptake by wheat at flowering (day 42). Three types of legume residues (faba bean young shoot, chickpea mature shoots with pods, and white lupin mature shoots without pods) were added to a loamy‐sand soil at a rate of 5 or 15 g residue kg–1. Inorganic P was added at four different rates (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg P kg–1) to give P‐addition rates corresponding to the total P added with the different residues at the two residue rates. Soil P pool concentrations (microbial P, resin‐P, NaHCO3‐P, NaOH‐P, HCl‐P, and residual P) and wheat growth and P uptake (shoot and root) were measured after 6 weeks. Compared to inorganic P addition, P added with residues led to a 10%–80% greater increase in shoot biomass at the two highest P‐addition rates. Wheat P uptake was positively correlated with resin‐P and microbial‐P concentrations in residue‐P‐amended soil, but with resin‐P and NaOH‐Piconcentrations in soil amended with inorganic P. The concentration of HCl‐P decreased by up to 30% from day 0 to day 42 in the residue treatments and that of residual P decreased by about 20% in all treatments during this period suggesting that these nonlabile P pools are quite dynamic and could serve as P source for plants.
Determinants of health‐promoting lifestyle behaviors among arab immigrants from the region of the levant
Authors: Aqtash Salah , Van Servellen Gwen
Published: August 2013

Arab immigrants in the United States are at risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. We explored health‐promoting lifestyle behaviors among Arab immigrants to the United States from the Middle Eastern region of the Levant. In 218 male and female Arab adults surveyed with the revised Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP‐II), the mean for the HPLP‐II was 2.73 (range 1–4), with spiritual growth and interpersonal relations the most frequently reported practices and physical activity the least frequently practiced dimension of health‐promoting behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis highlighted four determinants of health‐promoting lifestyle behaviors: health insurance, acculturation, self‐efficacy, and social support. Health promotion programs serving Arab immigrants should take these determinants into consideration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 466–477, 2013.
A novel route to prepare highly surface active nanogel particles based on nonaqueous emulsion polymerization
Authors: Atta Ayman M. , Dyab Amro K. F. , Allohedan Hamad A.
Published: August 2013

The motivation of the current work has stemmed from the fact that the selection of suitable stabilizers for nonaqueous emulsions is still challenging because of lack of general knowledge about the underlying stabilization mechanisms. The preparation and surface activity of new amphiphilic gel nanoparticles in organic solvents were investigated. A new bifunctional surfmer was prepared by reacting polyoxyethylene 4‐nonyl‐2‐propylene‐phenol nonionic reactive surfactant with maleic anhydride followed by esterification with poly(ethylene glycol). This surfmer was used as stabilizer to prepare amphiphilic crosslinked N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) copolymer nanogel on the basis of nonaqueous radical copolymerization temperature modified method in the presence of toluene and formamide (FA) as solvents and N, N‐methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker. The chemical structure of the prepared nanogels was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The morphologies of the prepared nanogels were detected by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The surface tension of colloidal NIPAm/AMPS dispersions was measured in FA as functions of surface age (time), temperature, and the morphology of the NIPAm/AMPS nanogels. The NIPAm/AMPS nanogels reduced the surface tension of FA from 58.2 to about 30.2 mN/m at 25°C, and a little increase in the surface tension was observed at 40°C. The prepared nanogels show great reduction in interfacial tension values between FA and styrene. The NIPAm/AMPS dispersions exhibited high surface activity and used as stabilizers to prepare crosslinked styrene‐co‐AMPS microgel in the presence of divinylbenzene and FA as organic solvents based on nonaqueous emulsion crosslinking polymerization technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug–drug interactions in a cohort of hospitalized elderly patients
Authors: Pasina Luca , Djade Codjo D. , Nobili Alessandro , Tettamanti Mauro , Franchi Carlotta , Salerno Francesco , Corrao Salvatore , Marengoni Alessandra , Iorio Alfonso , Marcucci Maura , Mannucci PierMannuccio
Published: August 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of patients exposed to potentially severe drug–drug interactions (DDIs) at hospital admission and discharge and the related risk of in‐hospital mortality and adverse clinical events, readmission, and all‐cause mortality at 3 months.

Methods

This cross‐sectional, prospective study was held in 70 Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards. Potentially severe DDIs at hospital admission and discharge; risk of in‐hospital mortality and of adverse clinical events, readmission, and all‐cause mortality at 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

Among 2712 patients aged 65 years or older recruited at hospital admission, 1642 (60.5%) were exposed to at least one potential DDI and 512 (18.9%) to at least one potentially severe DDI. Among 2314 patients discharged, 1598 (69.1%) were exposed to at least one potential DDI and 1561 (24.2%) to at least one potentially severe DDI. Multivariate analysis found a significant association with an increased risk of mortality at 3 months in patients exposed to at least two potentially severe DDIs (Odds ratio 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–6.68; p = 0.05). Adverse clinical events were potentially related to severe DDIs in two patients who died in the hospital, in five readmitted, and one who died at 3 months after discharge.

Conclusions

Hospitalization was associated with an increase in potentially severe DDIs. A significant association was found for mortality at 3 months after discharge in patients with at least two potentially severe DDIs. Careful monitoring for potentially severe DDIs, especially those created at discharge or recently generated, is important to minimize the risk of harm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A PSO‐based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems under environmental and partially shaded conditions
Authors: Sarvi Mohammad , Ahmadi Saeedeh , Abdi Shirzad
Published: August 2013

To increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, maximum power point (MPP) tracking of the solar arrays is needed. Solar arrays output power depends on the solar irradiance and temperature. Also the mismatch phenomenon caused by partial shade will affect the output power of solar systems and lead to the incorrect operation of conventional MPP tracker. Under partially shaded conditions, the solar array power–current characteristic has multiple maximum. This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with particle swarm optimization method for PV systems under partially shaded condition. The performance of the proposed method is compared with perturb and observe (P&O), improved P&O, voltage‐based maximum power point tracking and current‐based maximum power point tracking algorithms, especially, under partially shaded condition. Simulation results confirm that proposed MPPT algorithm with high accuracy can track the peak power point under different insolation, temperature and partially shaded conditions, and it has the best performance in comparison with four mentioned MPPT algorithms. Also under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, the P&O algorithm is diverged. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of conventional pulmonary rehabilitation and high‐frequency chest wall oscillation in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Gokdemir Yasemin , Karadag‐Saygi Evrim , Erdem Ela , Bayindir Ozun , Ersu Refika , Karadag Bulent , Sekban Nimet , Akyuz Gulseren , Karakoc Fazilet
Published: August 2013

Background

Enhancement of mucociliary clearance by pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is advocated in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Our primary aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of postural drainage, percussion and vibration [conventional PR (CPR)], and high frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) by studying change in pulmonary function. Our secondary aim was to evaluate patient preferences regarding the two methods.

Methods

This was a controlled randomized crossover study. PCD patients between the ages of 7 and 18 years were assigned to two groups, first group performed airway clearance with CPR at hospital for 5 days and after a 2‐day washout period HFCWO was applied to the same group at home. HFCWO was applied first to the other group and then these patients were hospitalized for CPR. The primary outcome measure of the study was pulmonary function test (PFT). The secondary outcomes were pulse arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the perceived efficiency and comfort level.

Results

PFT values of patients increased significantly after both PR methods (before/after): CPR: FVC: 77.0 ± 14.1/81.8 ± 13.0 (P = 0.002); FEV1: 72.9 ± 14.8/78.7 ± 13.5 (P = 0.001); PEF: 73.8 ± 14.5/82.5 ± 14.5 (P = 0.001); FEF25–75: 68.6 ± 27.6/74.9 ± 29.3 (P = 0.007). HFCWO: FVC: 75.1 ± 15.3/80.3 ± 13.9 (P = 0.002); FEV1: 71.4 ± 16/77.4 ± 14.6 (P = 0.001); PEF: 70.9 ± 18.0/78.3 ± 17.7 (P = 0.002); FEF25–75: 70.5 ± 23.4/76.4 ± 25.6 (P = 0.006). There were no significant differences in % predicted FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF25–75 increased values with CPR and HFCWO. HFCWO was found more comfortable (P = 0.04). Two PR methods were found efficient and no desaturation occurred during PR.

Conclusions

PFTs were significantly increased after both PR methods. There were no differences in PFTs and SpO2 between the CPR and HFCWO groups. Both PR methods were found efficient. HFCWO was found more comfortable. HFCWO may be an option in patients with chronic pulmonary disease and low adherence to PR. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:611–616. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implications of Franciscan Complex graywacke geochemistry for sediment transport, provenance determination, burial‐exposure duration, and fluid exchange with cosubducted metabasites
Authors: Ghatak Arundhuti , Basu Asish R. , Wakabayashi John
Published: August 2013

Interpretation of graywacke provenance has long been used to evaluate the record of tectonic process in orogenic belts. Our geochemical data from graywackes of the Franciscan subduction complex, California, show that the connection between sedimentary record and geologic processes may be more complex than previously believed. Trace elements and Nd‐Sr‐Pb isotopes of Franciscan graywackes indicate two sources types. One group lacking negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* > 0.9), shows slightly concave‐up heavy rare earth elements, arc‐like trace element patterns, and western Pacific island arc‐like Pb isotopes, reflecting derivation from older accreted oceanic‐arc terranes in the Sierra Nevada‐Klamath Mountains. The other group displays small negative Eu anomalies, with trace element patterns resembling post‐Archean Australian shale and Pb isotopes similar to Jurassic‐Cretaceous Sierran batholith. There is no systematic separation of these two groups by depositional ages. Thus, geochemistry of the graywackes may partly reflect variation in location of sediment delivery systems, rather than solely reflecting evolution of the neighboring arc. Variation of Nd‐Sr isotopes with stratigraphic‐age for the graywackes mimics the trends of the coeval Great Valley Group clastic‐rocks, suggesting that (1) they share the same sediment sources, (2) there are no “exotic” sediment sources that fed the Franciscan trench, and (3) burial‐exposure cycles for Franciscan clastic rocks were comparatively brief. Comparison of Franciscan graywacke and metabasite geochemistry corroborates earlier conclusions that metabasites had little or no chemical exchange with fluids from cosubducted graywacke. Detrital zircon age populations, major element chemistry, and detrital framework modes, when compared to our data suggest that the former three parameters underrepresent the mafic component of clastic sediment provenance.
Superstring amplitudes and the associator
Authors: Drummond J. M. , Ragoucy E.
Published: August 2013

Abstract

We investigate a pattern in the α′ expansion of tree-level open superstring amplitudes which correlates the appearance of higher depth multiple zeta values with that of simple zeta values in a particular way. We rephrase this relationship in terms of the coaction on motivic multiple zeta values and show that the pattern takes a very simple form, which can be simply explained by relating the amplitudes to the Drinfel’d associator derived from the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation. Given this correspondence we show that, at least in the simplest case of the four-point amplitude, the associator can be used to extract the form of the amplitude.
Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Edible Oils by Dispersive Microextraction Based on Acetonitrile/Water‐coated Fe3O4
Authors: Liu Tianshun , Ren Yulong , Xie Jia , Song Guoxin , Hu Yaoming
Published: August 2013

In the present work, a novel dispersive microextraction technique based on acetonitrile/water‐coated Fe3O4 was proposed to determine the organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) including phorate, diazinon, chlorpyrifos‐methyl, pirimiphos‐methyl and chlorpyrifos in edible oils. In the method, acetonitrile coated bare Fe3O4 was used as the extractant, Fe3O4 served as the supporter of acetonitrile, a trace amount of water acted as a crosslinking agent between acetonitrile and bare Fe3O4. The analytes adsorbed A/W‐Fe3O4 can be easily collected and isolated from the sample solution using a magnet before gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Several dominant parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection and limits of quantification for the five OPP were 1.1–6.7 and 4.8–18.3 ng/g, respectively. The recoveries in spiked real oil samples were in the range of 63.8–102.7 % with RSD between 4.9 and 14.3 %. The proposed simple, rapid and solvent‐saving method was successfully applied to detect OPP in edible oils.
Graphs of maps between manifolds in trace spaces and with vanishing mean oscillation
Authors: Acerbi Emilio , Mucci Domenico
Published: August 2013

We give a positive answer to a question raised by Alberti in connection with a recent result by Brezis and Nguyen. We show the existence of currents associated with graphs of maps in trace spaces that have vanishing mean oscillation. The degree of such maps may be written in terms of these currents, of which we give some structure properties. We also deal with relevant examples.
Long range epigenetic silencing is a trans‐species mechanism that results in cancer specific deregulation by overriding the chromatin domains of normal cells
Authors: Forn Marta , Muñoz Mar , Tauriello Daniele V.F. , Merlos-Suárez Anna , Rodilla Verónica , Bigas Anna , Batlle Eduard , Jordà Mireia , Peinado Miguel A.
Published: August 2013

DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are frequently implicated in the silencing of genes involved in carcinogenesis. Long Range Epigenetic Silencing (LRES) is a mechanism of gene inactivation that affects multiple contiguous CpG islands and has been described in different human cancer types. However, it is unknown whether there is a coordinated regulation of the genes embedded in these regions in normal cells and in early stages of tumor progression. To better characterize the molecular events associated with the regulation and remodeling of these regions we analyzed two regions undergoing LRES in human colon cancer in the mouse model. We demonstrate that LRES also occurs in murine cancer in vivo and mimics the molecular features of the human phenomenon, namely, downregulation of gene expression, acquisition of inactive histone marks, and DNA hypermethylation of specific CpG islands. The genes embedded in these regions showed a dynamic and autonomous regulation during mouse intestinal cell differentiation, indicating that, in the framework considered here, the coordinated regulation in LRES is restricted to cancer. Unexpectedly, benign adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice showed overexpression of most of the genes affected by LRES in cancer, which suggests that the repressive remodeling of the region is a late event. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the transcriptional insulator CTCF in mouse colon cancer cells revealed disrupted chromatin domain boundaries as compared with normal cells. Malignant regression of cancer cells by in vitro differentiation resulted in partial reversion of LRES and gain of CTCF binding. We conclude that genes in LRES regions are plastically regulated in cell differentiation and hyperproliferation, but are constrained to a coordinated repression by abolishing boundaries and the autonomous regulation of chromatin domains in cancer cells.
Excavation at La Starza, Ariano Irpino
Authors: Trump D. H.
Published: August 2013

In the eighteen years after its first discovery by Dr. I. Sgobbo in about 1920, rich prehistoric material was collected by quarrymen working the gypsum of the hill known as La Starza, Ariano Irpino, in the province of Avellino. It was very briefly published. In 1956 the author carried out a survey of the site, the results of which appeared in these Papers the following year. The report ended with a note that by then an exploratory season of excavation had already been carried out but that much more remained to be done. Further campaigns in 1960, 1961 and 1962 completed the immediate project, so that although the site is far from worked out, publication should not be held up longer.

The 1957 season was financed by funds from the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology (through the Crowther Beynon Fund) and Pembroke College, Cambridge, and my mother, Mrs. D. M. Trump. The remaining seasons' work was made possible by the generous backing of Mrs. D. I. Ainley. The excavation team, which differed each year, was made up of myself, students from the British School at Rome and Cambridge University, and other volunteers, many of whom made no claim on the excavation fund for their maintenance at the site.
Rome, Ravenna and the last western emperors
Authors: Gillett Andrew
Published: August 2013

ROMA, RAVENNA E GLI ULTIMI IMPERATORI D'OCCIDENTE

Nonostante Ravenna sia stata a lungo considerata come la capitale degli imperatori tardo-romani e dei loro successori in Occidente, Odoacre e i sovrani ostrogoti, l'evidenza disponibile indica che la principale residenza imperiale del quinto secolo era invece a Roma. L'adozione di Ravenna come residenza imperiale è stata generalmente attribuita al fatto che la città, grazie alle sue paludi, era facilmente difendibile dagli attacchi, ed e stata anche imputata alia debolezza militare degli ultimi imperatori. In questo articolo viene raccolta l'evidenza relativa alle residenze degli imperatori d'Occidente tra il 401 e il 476; essa dimostra che la corte imperiale occidentale occupò Roma in periodi molto significativi, quali quelli compresi tra il 401 e il 408 e il 440 e il 449, e che Roma fu la residenza principale della corte nell'ultimo periodo di dominazione imperiale dell'Occidente, tra il 450 e il 476. Gli ultimi anni d'impero di Valentiniano III e quello di Antemio in particolare indicano il ruolo di Roma come residenza imperiale. Sia le fonti contemporanee che quelle del sesto secolo confermano l'importanza di Roma, mentre indicano scarsi riferimenti alle presunte qualità difensive di Ravenna. La presenza degli imperatori a Roma mette in evidenza la centralità dell'aristocrazia senatoriale di Roma nelle politiche occidentali del quinto secolo.
The lure of the antique: nationalism, politics and archaeology in British Malta (1880–1964)
Authors: Vella Nicholas C. , Gilkes Oliver
Published: August 2013

IL RICHIAMO DELL'ANTICO: NAZIONALISMO, POLITICA E ARCHEOLOGIA NELLA MALTA BRITANNICA (1880–1964)

Negli anni recenti si è sviluppato un notevole interesse per gli aspetti socio-politici della pratica archeologica. Nel ripercorrere lo sviluppo della tradizione archeologica di Malta, questo studio si propone di scoprire se gruppi sociali o politici si appropriarono di oggetti antichi e di siti archeologici per rivendicare una propria distinta identita. L'articolo si concentra sul periodo che seguì all'annuncio, nel 1880, di una serie di riforme che regolavano gli affari pubblici, che rese il dominio coloniale britannico in Malta ancora più invadente ed autoritario. La comprensione dell'antico che può definirsi propriamente ‘archeologica’ nacque in questo periodo e maturò dall'esigenza di conservare le vestigia della storia del paese attraverso l'emanazione di leggi e il fervore patriottico e nazionalista. L'attività archeologica di personaggi quali A.A. Caruana, Albert Mayr, Themistocles Zammit, Thomas Ashby e Luigi M. Ugolini, viene qui analizzata in questo contesto. Gli autori sostengono che, contro lo sfondo di una lenta comprensione delle fasi più antiche della razza umana e del riconoscimento del passato preistorico di Malta, sorse la necessità tra i politici di una delle colonie della ‘Corona’ di appropriarsi del passato come di un precedente per il presente ed il futuro.
Interpreting early Etruscan structures: the Question of Murlo
Authors: Turfa Jean MacIntosh , Steinmayer Alwin G.
Published: August 2013

L'INTERPRETAZIONE DI STRUTTURE ETRUSCHE ARCAICHE: IL CASO DI MURLO

L'analisi della datazione, l'estensione, la pianta e la posizione dell'edificio monumentale con cortile a Poggio Civitate (Murlo, provincia di Siena) indica la sua funzione di ‘centro commerciale in età pre-monetaria, in una regione non completamente urbanizzata. Essendo cosi visibile — una sorta di affermazione politico-economica — ed offrendo riparo e sicurezza ad un gran numero di persone o di merci, il ‘Murlo Upper Building’, una delle strutture più grandi dell'epoca (c. 575 a.C), caratterizzata da una progettazione innovativa e da una decorazione insolita, era stato progettato come parte di un sistema commerciale di prodotti su larga scala. La sua prossimitá ad una regione mineraria e il suo uso nella produzione di beni di lusso assortiti, cosi come il progetto di una struttura che funzionava come la ‘stanza del commercio’ dei moderni forti coloniali europei, conferma ulteriormente la sua funzione commerciale in un'era di contatti stranieri sempre più sofisticati e di cambiamenti sociali.
Late antique water-mills on the Palatine
Authors: Wilson Andrew
Published: August 2013

I MULINI AD ACQUA TARDOANTICHI SUL PALATINO

Nel corso degli scavi diretti da Henry Hurst nel settembre 2002 sul pendio settentrionale del Palatino a Roma, è stato riportato alla luce un pavimento tardoantico realizzato con pietre sia intere che frammentarie di mulini. Le pietre sono di un tipo generalmente associato ai mulini ad acqua per la macinazione del grano e, insieme a quelle di una pavimentazione simile rinvenuta diversi anni fa nelle vicinanze da Clemens Krause, forniscono un'evidenza considerevole per la presenza di un complesso comprendente almeno cinque mulini ad acqua, situato sul pendio settentrionale o su quello occidentale del Palatino in eta tardoantica. Questo complesso di mulini ad acqua potrebbe essere stato connesso all'annona, anche se il grano avrebbe potuto essere comunque macinato lì per ragioni commerciali. La pavimentazione scoperta di recente è datata al 350–500 circa dalla ceramica; li pietre da mulino potrebbero datare all'incirca allo stesso periodo, anche se i mulini dalle quali provengono potrebbero essere stati costruiti precedentemente. Un paio di frammenti di mulini in pietra di età moderna, rinvenuti presso la Fontana della Pioggia nei Giardini Farnese, sul pendio settentrionale del Palatino, indicano come gli stessi fattori della presenza di un pendio ripido e della disponibilità d'acqua raccolta artificialmente in cima al Palatino incoraggiassero lo sfruttamento del sito in maniera simile anche in età più moderna.