bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue Papillae Formation
Authors: Dalkhsuren Shine-Od , Aldartsogt Dolgorsuren , Yamashita Kikuji
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To clarify the morphology of the tongue papillae formation and the metabolic characteristics along the papillae distribution in rats. Methods: The experiment was designed as a cross-sectional study and included; a scanning electron and light microscopic examination, connective tissue core analysis, and an enzyme activity test on rat tongue samples of the embryonic (n = 60) and postnatal (n = 12) periods. Results: The primordium of fungiform papillae (FuP) was already formed on embryonic day 15 (E15), and filiform papillae (FiP) was formed on E17. In the postnatal period, the middle and posterior parts of the tongue quickly developed toward the anterior part of the oral cavity. Three types of FiP were found: round, conical and branched. According to the enzyme activity test, all energy, lipid, protein and sugar metabolic enzymes showed significant differences along the tongue parts. Conclusion: No positional difference was found in the morphology of rat tongue papillae during the embryonic period. During the postnatal period, the morphology and enzyme activities of the tongue mucosa displayed differences expressing tongue development and its functional characteristics among the described tongue parts—listed above.
Post-Cesarean Sepsis Causes and Biomarkers
Authors: Dagshinjav Narantsatsralt , Tudevdorj Erkhembaatar , Jav Lkhagvasuren , Gurjav Naran
Published: November 2023

Objective: The determination of procalcitonin and lactate levels in the early diagnosis of sepsis is clinically significant and the higher the lactate level increases the greater the risk of mortality. In order to improve prevention and treatment of post-caesarean sepsis, in the present study we aimed to determine the serum biomarkers of Mongolian patients undergoing a cesarean section. Methods: Procalcitonin was determined by “E - 411” which is a fully automated analyzer and also by enzyme binding assay. Lactate, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase was determined by “E - 411 only. Statistical analysis was performed by a SPSS - 20 software program, and statistics process by the chi-square test, Fisher test, and t-test. The confirmation rate was 95 % p < 0.05. Results: Women who gave childbirth in 2016 - 2020 and women who developed sepsis and who did not develop sepsis following C-section in the Clinical Maternity Hospital No.1 and in the Maternal and Child Health National Center were compared and studied. A total of 361 mothers were involved in the study. Conclusions: E. coli 29,4 %, intestinal bacteria 9,1 %, Staphylococcus epidermidis 8,9 %, Staphylococcus aureus 7,2 %, gram-negative bacteria 6,6 %, Streptococcus 5,3 %, gram-positive bacteria 2,8 %, Candida albicans 1,4 %, and Mycoplasma 1,1 % were responsible for bacteremia. Infection was caused by one bacterium in 141 cases (39,1 %), by two germs in 56 cases (15,5 %), by three microbes in 2 cases (0,6 %), and without any detection of bacteria in 162 cases (44,9 %).
Influence of Early Measures Against COVID-19 on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Training in Mongolia
Authors: Gan-Ochir Batbold , Yundun Ganbaatar , Altannamar Munkhdul , Batbayar Enkh-Orchlon
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of the oral maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) residents who worked as quarantine supervisors and its influence on their training. Methods: An online survey was performed by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. All residents of the first and second years were invited to participate anonymously. The link to the survey was sent via e-mail. Results: The duty and tasks mainly required little medical specialty, yet their knowledge and skill to respond to the medical emergencies were insufficient to supervise quarantined persons. The residents who were mobilized to work at the quarantine places missed certain clinical training opportunities. Conclusion: Due to the measures against the Covid-19 pandemic, the oral and maxillofacial residents lost their opportunity to complete their full required rotations.
IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MIA OF UKRAINE EMPLOYEES THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JIU-JITSU TRAINING ELEMENTS
Authors: Hinzburh Ihor Volodymyrovych
Published: November 2023

In contemporary times, training in various martial arts disciplines has become quite popular among the general population. The percentage of individuals with some degree of proficiency in martial arts is as high among lawbreakers as it is among the general population. Therefore, the demands on the level of professional training for police officers are increasing in response to the challenges they face. Currently, there is no unified system of training for law enforcement personnel in Ukraine, making it challenging to draw statistical conclusions about the overall effectiveness of any specific system. However, in Western law enforcement agencies, Jiu-Jitsu has long been recognized for its effectiveness, particularly in defending against strikes during its utilization in the context of so-called “No-Holds- Barred” fights in the early 1990s, which we now know as MMA (Mixed Martial Arts). The high sporting efficiency of Jiu-Jitsu, supported by years of statistical research in Western countries, suggests that its application in police work could be a pivotal factor in changing the professional training landscape for law enforcement personnel in Ukraine. Research objective. To evaluate the potential use of Jiu-Jitsu methods to enhance the effectiveness of police officers during detainment procedures and further refine their skills in the application of hand-to-hand combat techniques. Research object. Professional training of police officers. Research subject. The level of professional training of police officers from the law enforcement agencies of MVS Ukraine. Research methods. The research methods employed include theoretical analysis, data systematization and generalization, conducting a pedagogical experiment, and mathematical processing of the obtained results. Initial indicators of the police officers’ proficiency in executing hand-to-hand combat techniques were relatively low. The research results indicate a positive and statistically significant improvement in the indicators for the group that incorporated Jiu-Jitsu methods compared to the control group. The inclusion of Jiu- Jitsu into the training process for police officers has demonstrated its effectiveness, as evidenced by the enhancement of relevant indicators.
Efektivitas event marketing Netisane pada perubahan sikap peserta terhadap Produk Cascara
Authors: Handayani Putri , Wirakusumah Teddy Kurnia , Risanti Yuliani Dewi
Published: November 2023

Latar Belakang: Meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap keberadaan produk baru dan inovatif dapat dilakukan melalui pelaksanaan event marketing dengan konsep experiential marketing yang efektif. Event marketing yang efektif dapat dilihat melalui perubahan sikap peserta, yaitu adanya perubahan pada aspek kognitif, aspek afektif, dan aspek konatif. Pelaksanaan event marketing yang efektif dibutuhkan oleh Netisane untuk memperkenalkan dan memasarkan produk cascara yang masih baru dan termasuk produk inovatif. Pentingnya memperkenalkan cascara kepada masyarakat luas sebagai solusi untuk mengurangi limbah kulit kopi membuat Netisane harus tepat dalam melaksanakan event marketing tersebut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini membahas mengenai efektivitas event marketing Netisane pada perubahan sikap peserta berdasarkan aspek kognitif, afektif, dan konatif terhadap produk cascara. Selain untuk mengetahui keefektifannya, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendukung efektivitas aspek kognitif, afektif, dan konatif tersebut. Faktor-faktor yang dijadikan referensi dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mendukung keberhasilan event marketing sekaligus menjadi elemen yang tidak terpisahkan dari setiap event marketing. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif untuk menjelaskan efektivitas event marketing Netisane. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa event marketing Netisane efektif untuk mengubah sikap peserta baik pada aspek kognitif, afektif, dan konatif. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mendukung efektivitas tersebut adalah faktor involvement, interaction, immersion, intensity, individuality, innovation, dan integrity.
Tren Citayam Fashion Week dan Harajuku Street sebagai identitas sosial remaja
Authors: Rumdana Aum , Nurul Septia , Fitriyah Neka
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang: CFW dan Harajuku merupakan sebuah tren yang menarik perhatian masyarakat dan digandrungi oleh para remaja di Indonesia. CFW menjadi wadah bagi para remaja untuk mengekspresikan diri mereka melalui cara berbusana. Kehadiran CFW membentuk preferensi terhadap pakaian yang berhubungan dengan psikologis seseorang. Selain itu, CFW juga identik dengan budaya Harajuku di Jepang yang menampilkan kreasi fashion di jalanan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembentukan identitas sosial dan simbol fashion yang diusung CFW dan Harajuku, mulai dari cara berpakaian, pemakaian dan penempatan asesoris, pemilihan waran. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat simbol sosial dan identitas CFW dan Harajuku dalam fashion remaja. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat eksploratif yang bertujuan menggambarkan, mendeskripsikan dan menampilkan realitas dan fenomena suatu kelompok sosial. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara dan penulusuran literatur selama tiga bulan di tahun 2022. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CFW dan Harajuku membentuk identitas sosial dan simbol fashion baru di kalangan remaja dengan konsep casual, trendi, terbuka, sporty dan modern. CFW dan Harajuku ingin menunjukkan kepada khalayak publik bahwa fashion remaja memiliki karakter kuat, berani dan merupakan simbol perlawanan terhadap fashion yang hanya dimiliki kalangan atas, karenanya konsep fashion yang diusung di luar keumumam style fashion yang ada. Nilai sosial yang ingin disampaikan kepada khalayak publik bahwa fashion harus bebas dari kepentingan, tidak hanya dimiliki oleh kalangan atas, mewah, branded dan terbatas, tetapi fashion milik khalayak umum dimana semua kalangan dapat mengusung style yang tidak kalah trendi dan menarik. Tren fashion di CFW kemudian dibanggakan sebagai identitas fashion baru, dengan mengusung nilai kebebasan, kreativitas, inovasi dan kemampuan berdaya saing.
Post-1800 copies of Atlas Silesiae: may we talk about the second edition?
Authors: Paprotny Zbigniew
Published: November 2023

In the earlier paper (Paprotny, 2022b) I have presented all known states of maps encountered in the 1750 (i.e. 1752) edition of Atlas Silesiae, together with the composition of several Atlas copies from this edition (in terms of states of included maps). The present paper for the first time compares this composition with copies of the Atlas published after 1800. It demonstrates that the latter are most probably compilations of the partially updated material available at the moment of publication, appearing irregularly at dates differing by years and in few copies only. For this reason, they should not be considered a genuine “second edition” of the Atlas as sometimes called in cartographical literature. The appendix with an update to Paprotny (2022b) presents newly identified states of two Atlas maps.
PERANCANGAN FRONT END WEB SISTEM PEMINJAMAN RUANGAN BAGIAN MANAJEMEN RUANGAN
Authors: Arfal Razya Suhendra  , I Gusti Anom Cahyadi Putra  , I Wayan Santiyasa
Published: November 2023

Pada pelaksanaan PKL pada tahun ajaran 2022 dilaksanakan pada salah satu Konsultan IT di Bali yaitu CV. Avatar Solution. Pada pelaksanaannya penulis mengambangkan sebuah sistem peminjaman ruangan. Pengembangan aplikasi tersebut memiliki latar belakang karena ruangan merupakan hal yang penting dalam melakukan kegiatan. Dalam melakukan kegiatan seperti perkuliahan, rapat, atau workshop tempat pelaksanaan menjadi hal yang vital untuk disiapkan baik oleh panitia atau pengurus yang bersangkutan. Sistem yang dikembangkan merupakan aplikasi berbasis web menggunakan teknologi web component. Pengambangan sistem terbatas pada bagian manajemen ruangan yang memiliki fungsionalitas create, read, update dan delete (CRUD) data ruangan.
PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMINJAMAN RUANGAN DAN KENDARAAN BERBASIS WEBSITE DI KANTOR WALIKOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Ida Bagus Gagananta Amartya  , Ida Bagus Gede Dwidasmara  , I Gusti Agung Gede Arya Kadyanan
Published: November 2023

Pendataan peminjaman ruang dan kendaraan merupakan aktifitas yang penting sebagai sarana peminjaman. Proses peminjaman ruang dan kendaraan di Kantor Walikota Denpasar dalam pelaksanaannya masih dilakukan secara manual dengan cara peminjam datang ke Tata Usaha Bagian Umum membawa surat permohonan peminjaman untuk melakukan transaksi peminjaman. Kemudian, dalam hal pencatatan peminjaman ruangan dan kendaraan masih dilakukan secara manual , dengan cara pegawai tata usaha menulis informasi apa saja yang akan dipinjam dan jenis kendaraan sesuai kebutuhan peminjaman pada Buku catatan yang sudah disediakan di kantor. Sistem Informasi Peminjaman Ruang dan Kendaraan di Kantor Walikota Denpasar Berbasis Website ini di buat untuk memperbaiki sistem manual yang telah ada menjadi terkomputerisasi sehingga bisa diakses melalui desktop ,serta dapat memberikan informasi peminjaman secara singkat dan efisien yang disimpan dalam sebuah database server dan juga mempermudah pegawai dalam melakukan pekerjaan , sehingga pekerjaan lebih mudah,cepat dan terstruktur.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Iraqi Male Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alwan Murtadha Hussein , Hussein Saba Zuhair
Published: November 2023

One of the most prevalent illnesses in developing countries is myocardial infarction (MI), which develops when the heart's blood supply is suddenly interrupted and causes tissue damage. It is connected to several metabolic risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. The objective of this study was to assess how oxidative stress (OS) contributed to the pathophysiology of MI and T2DM. The current study examined 152 male samples, including 52 MI patients without T2DM (G1), 50 MI patients with T2DM (G2), and 50 seemingly healthy men as controls (C). The levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), C-reactive protein (CRP), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total peroxidase activity were assessed. Based on the results, CRP levels increased significantly in both the G1 and G2 groups compared to the C group, with G2 reporting greater significant increases than G1. Both the G1 and G2 groups considerably exceeded the C group in terms of TOS, OSI, MDA, and total peroxidase activity. In contrast to the C group, the TAS was found to be much lower in the G1 and G2 groups. Additionally, there were no noticeable variations in the TOS, TAS, OSI, MDA, or total peroxidase activity between the G1 and G2 groups. According to our findings, individuals with MI and T2DM had an increased OS and a diminished antioxidant system. Consequently, OS may be crucial to the pathophysiology and prognosis of MI and T2DM.
Implementation of ideas of humanism in alternative education: foreign experience
Authors: Polishchuk Vira , Pryshlyak Oksana
Published: November 2023

In modern conditions, the trend of increasing demands on the education system regarding its compliance with the needs of society as a whole and the needs and requests of various categories of consumers of educational services is clearly observed. International practice has recognized that one of the ways to modernize the traditional education system is the introduction of alternative education. Therefore, in today's conditions, in many countries of the world, alternative education is not only formed and incorporated into the general education system; it acts as a significant factor in improving the traditional education system and its compliance with standards and requests of various categories of consumers of educational services.

The modern realities of Ukraine, caused by Russia's full-scale war against our country, which caused large internal displacement of Ukrainian citizens, the departure

of millions of them outside the country, a significant number of wounded and mentally traumatized, for whom the problem of choosing appropriate forms of education, development, life and of professional self-determination and self-realization, the necessity and expediency of modernizing the existing education system are put on the agenda with particular urgency.

Authors analyzed the content of scientific definitions of alternative pedagogy, alternative education, forms of alternative education; the potential possibilities of alternative education are revealed; the leading strategies underlying the activity of foreign alternative educational institutions (bricolage, visualization, plurality of intelligence and transdisciplinarity) are characterized.

The peculiarities of the functioning of individual alternative education institutions are revealed, which deserve special attention regarding the introduction of conceptual ideas of their functioning in the educational space of Ukraine with the aim of humanizing the education system in Ukraine and creating favorable conditions for the development, life and professional self-determination and self-realization of all members of society, especially children and youth.
Mechanisms to empower Iraqi youth in conflict-affected areas and their implications for political stability after 2017
Authors: Mohammed Muhi Aljanabi  , Saddam Abdul Sattar Rashid
Published: November 2023

Armed conflicts waste many opportunities for young people's social, political and economic participation, through which they create spaces to express themselves. In fact, armed conflicts not only destroy infrastructure, but also destroy social capital as a result of population displacements in conflict areas, often accompanied by broad ethnic and national divisions, and in local communities. In the Iraqi case, the youth group became the most affected by the conflicts that Iraq witnessed after 2003, as a result of the terrorist organizations (ISIS) occupying cities and large areas of Iraq. In fact, the seriousness of the role of youth in perpetuating the momentum of conflicts at times, or for young people to become victims of them, was one of the most prominent challenges related to youth empowerment, and in confronting this, societies emerging from conflict (Iraq after 2017) must reap the benefits of stability. By making appropriate investments in youth by creating enabling mechanisms at multiple levels in order to reconnect youth to the societal system.
Profiles in the social network of university students as a source of migration data (on the example of RUDN University)
Authors: Chernyshev Konstantin Anatolevich
Published: November 2023

The subject of the research is the territorial origin of students and graduates of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. The purpose of the work implies the study of the internal Russian educational migration of persons who entered the university in question at different times. The research method was the analysis of digital traces of users of the VKontakte social network. The information basis of the work covered data on the regions of origin indicated in user profiles. It is indicated that the study of educational and youth migration based on social network data is becoming widespread in Russian science. Migration processes in specific regions of the country or the participation of certain universities in the organization of educational mobility are investigated. The novelty of the work is associated with the use of an unconventional source of information about migration processes. It is shown that, despite the positioning of the RUDN as an internationally oriented university, the students of the university are mainly Russian citizens. As a result of studying the profiles of VKontakte users, it was revealed that most of those who indicated RUDN as a place of study are natives of Moscow. Among the persons who marked other regions of the Russian Federation as origin in VKontakte profiles the largest number of students and graduates of RUDN are from Chukotka and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, the Moscow and Magadan regions, several national-territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. The main factors determining the origin of educational migrants' are the territorial accessibility of the university city and the insufficient level of higher school development in the regions of educational migrants.
Features of the formation of the cultural and landscape environment near the objects of Moscow's natural heritage on the example of the Ramenka River Valley
Authors: Shulgina Olga , Shul'gina Dar'ya Pavlovna
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the cultural and landscape environment of Moscow. The cultural landscape is considered as a result of the co-creation of nature and man, which is especially pronounced in urbanized space. This can be traced in historical and cultural contexts on the example of the territory located in the valley of the Ramenka River. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient study of this territory, which became part of Moscow only in the middle of the twentieth century and the importance of scientific understanding of modern architectural and landscape transformations. The work is based on literary, archival, cartographic sources, data from their own local history observations. The work uses historical and cartographic research methods, as well as methods of local history observations, system-structural analysis.   The scientific novelty of the research consists in the systematization and generalization of multiple diverse information characterizing the history of the formation of the cultural landscape of one of the districts of Moscow; in identifying the factors that determined the peculiarities of the formation and change in time of these landscapes, in assessing the impact of modern architectural and urban planning approaches on the environmental situation. The main conclusions of the study: despite the centuries-old efforts of people to dominate the "nature-society-man" system, with the development of ecological culture, the priority of natural values in the formation of urban landscapes increases; the natural heritage of Moscow is an integral element of its cultural heritage; the construction of modern residential complexes near natural heritage sites, paradoxically, contributes to the improvement of environmental situation, creative improvement of the visual environment.
Analisis Pengaruh Luas Lahan, Produktivitas, Harga Beras, Harga Pupuk dan Harga Pestisida terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Wicaksana Bayu Eka
Published: November 2023

Agriculture as the second largest supporting sector in the Indonesian economy has functioned as a provider of food, a provider of employment, and a source of community income. The need for staple food, especially rice, continues to increase along with the increase in population. The high conversion of agricultural land has become a threat to food security in Tangerang Regency. The strategy that needs to be carried out by the government is the availability of production land and the welfare of rice farmers. Farmer's Exchange Rate is an indicator used to measure farmers' welfare. This study aims to analyze rice farmers’ exchange rate and the effect of variables on land area, productivity, rice prices, fertilizer prices, and pesticide prices on the welfare of rice farmers in the Tangerang Regency. The research method used is Farmer's Exchange Rate Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression. Farmer's Exchange Rate is the ratio of the price of Laspeyers or the comparison of the price index received by farmers with the price index issued by farmers. Multiple Linear Regression to determine the effect of variables on land area, productivity, rice prices, fertilizer prices, and pesticide prices on the welfare of rice farmers. The results showed that the exchange rate of rice farmers in Tangerang Regency in 2021 experienced a significant decline. This is due to the Covid-19 pandemic which has increased the prices of farmers' consumer goods. Variables of land area, rice price, fertilizer price, and pesticide price significantly affect farmers' welfare.
Financial Prospects of Porang Cultivation in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyowati Rini Endang , Danasari Idiatul Fitri , Murah Murah , Iskandar Muhammad Joni , Ahmadi Rizal , Rahmatullah Rio Akbar
Published: November 2023

Porang or Amphophallus, locally known as porang or suweg, is a plant widely cultivated using traditional ecological knowledge in East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. However, the increasing number of farmers in several villages in East Lombok Regency is still not followed by knowledge and skills in accordance with good agricultural practices. This study investigated the prospects of porang cultivation in East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The research used quantitative methods through a feasibility study approach on financial aspects. Data were collected by FGDs and interviews with 25 farmers, including key informants who were purposively selected considering having expertise and knowledge about porang in East Lombok Regency. The results showed that the prospect of porang through financial aspects in East Lombok Regency is prospective and profitable. This is evidenced by the R/C ratio of 2.1, the B/C ratio of 1.01, and the BEP of Rp27,471,818/Ha.
Legal foundations of crowdlending: from mutual agreement to lending via online platforms
Authors: Rojo Gallego-Burín Marina , Rojo Gallego-Burín Araceli
Published: November 2023

Technological innovation in the field of finance requires in-depth study of both technology and law. To contribute to this field, this paper proposes to analyse crowdlending, a procedure that allows the conclusion of loan agreements in which intermediaries disappear and online platforms participate. This procedure presents numerous legal challenges to which we must respond, and response requires analysing our legal foundations. As everythi ng has its precedent, meeting the legal challenges of regulating crowdlending requires study of its antecedents and, thus, analysis of the loan agreement. We have found as a legal precedent the contract of mutual (mutuum) of the Roman Law because this system configures the loan contract also without intermediaries. We studied it to check the problems it raised and what were its solutions. This is the starting point to face the analysis of crowdlending.
Las cadenas globales de producción en el marco de la disputa hegemónica mundial. Consideraciones para el desarrollo de América Latina
Authors: Lauxmann Carolina Teresita , Fernández Víctor Ramiro
Published: November 2023

En el presente trabajo se analiza la configuración y expansión de las cadenas globales de producción (CGP), así como su posterior ralentización, desde una mirada sistémica de largo plazo. Específicamente, se sitúan estos procesos en la fase de agotamiento del ciclo sistémico de acumulación hegemonizado por Estados Unidos y de emergencia de un nuevo espacio que dinamiza la producción capitalista a nivel global y que se presenta como potencial relevo hegemónico: el este de Asia, comandado, en la actualidad, por China. Sobre este escenario de disputa, se examinan las posibilidades y limitaciones que la participación en las CGP presenta para el desarrollo latinoamericano. Se advierte que, hasta el momento, la inserción en la producción globalizada no ha favorecido el desarrollo de los países de la región. Sin embargo, se reconoce la posibilidad de modificar esta situación a partir de avanzar en la configuración de cadenas regionales de producción que cualifiquen su participación en las CGP.
Gauging the Effects of Modern Payment Technologies Adoption on the Demand for Money in Nigeria
Authors: Iorngurum Tersoo
Published: November 2023

In contrast to the global intermediate goals of monetary policy, “financial exclusion” remains prevalent. Therefore, using the Nigerian economy as a point of reference, this paper attempts to shed more light on the role played by modern payment technologies in promoting financial inclusion, especially as it relates to the provision of currency in the hands of the Nigerian public for liquidity services during the period 2009:Q1 to 2017:Q4. In actualizing this objective, the Johansen cointegration method is employed to test for cointegration alongside vector error correction modeling (VECM) techniques, while the Gregory-Hansen cointegration method is employed to test for structural breaks and regime shifts. Subsequently, empirical results from the Johansen cointegration test and the normalized cointegrating coefficients of the estimated vector error correction model (VECM) reveal that real currency in the hands of the Nigerian public is positively cointegrated with real modern payment technologies transactions as well as real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but negatively cointegrated with real savings interest rates, real quarterly time deposits interest rates, and inflation rate. On the other hand, empirical results from the Gregory-Hansen cointegration method indicate further that there are no structural breaks or regime shifts in the cointegrating coefficients during the period 2009:Q1 to 2017:Q4. In conclusion, the existence of a positive relationship between real modern payment technologies transactions and real currency in the hands of the Nigerian public implies that the former are partly responsible for the growth of the latter, thereby indicating that modern payment technologies are effective in promoting financial inclusion by providing access to liquidity services. Based on this finding the study recommends that the adoption of modern payment technologies should be promoted in order to further extend liquidity services to financially excluded Nigerians.

This article has been corrected. Link to the correction https://doi.org/10.28934/ea.20.53.1.pp187
An Evaluation of the Short-term Skills Trainings Targeting the Roma Ethnic Minority
Authors: Lebedinski Lara
Published: November 2023

This paper studies the impact of short-term skills trainings targeting youth in the Roma ethnic minority. In order to better understand the impact of the program, we contrast outcomes of Roma and non-Roma. Participants of these short-term skills trainings were predominantly males in their twenties. The impact estimates of skills trainings for Roma are 15.55 percentage points while for non-Roma we find an impact of 28.60 percentage points. In international comparisons these impacts are very large suggesting that the program has an exceptionally high impact on participants. It is difficult to pinpoint the reasons why Roma and non-Roma have different impact estimates, but potential explanations are differences in background characteristics (education and working experience) and differences in the content of the trainings that these two groups attended.
Influence of green transformational leadership on the workplace pro-environment behavior
Authors: Tongsoongnern Patarawadee , Lee Wing Shing
Published: November 2023

Today, environmental problems are worsening, greenhouse gas emissions are increasing, and natural resources are depleting. Solving these problems requires the efforts of everyone in the organization. This study aims to analyze the impact of green transformational leadership on pro-environmental behavior in the workplace. Specifically, the main hypothesis is that green transformational leadership positively influences workplace pro-environment behavior. Two other pathways are also proposed. The relationship can be mediated through green mindfulness and green self-efficacy. The method used in this study is a questionnaire, and data were collected from 163 respondents who work for the Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand. An integrated model containing the hypothesized structure was then tested with structural equation modeling. The results showed that green transformational leadership positively impacted workplace pro-environment behaviors and that this relationship was mediated by green mindfulness. However, green self-efficacy did not mediate between green transformational leadership and workplace pro-environment behavior as there was no relationship between self-efficacy and workplace pro-environment behavior. Rather, green self-efficacy influences workplace pro-environment behavior through green mindfulness. The revised model provides some practical implications for corporations that intend to promote workplace pro-environment behavior. First, green transformational leadership serves as an important factor as it has both direct and indirect impacts on workplace pro-environment behavior. Second, green mindfulness is an important mediator for two indirect effects upon workplace pro-environment behavior. These two factors are key in motivating staff members to work environmentally.
Determining the Influence of Internal Factors on Indebtedness
Authors: Pjanić Miloš , Đaković Miloš , Kalaš Branimir
Published: November 2023

Indebtedness and its level are one of the most important indicators of the healthy operation of every company. In this study, the authors deal with the analysis of the influence of certain selected internal factors on the level of indebtedness of agricultural enterprises in Serbia. Only large agricultural enterprises were taken as a sample, and the sample itself includes 5702 observations and 87 companies. The subject of the analysis is the annual panel data of large agricultural companies, and the analysis period covers from 2015 to 2021. In the analysis, the authors used the debt-to-asset indicator as a representative of the company's indebtedness, and it represents the only dependent variable. As independent variables, the authors used indicators of general liquidity, return on capital, return on assets, EBIT level, and equity level. The authors used several diagnostic tests to establish the validity of the regression model. To obtain the results, the authors used the POLS model, the fixed effects model, and the random effects model to determine the influence of independent variables on indebtedness. The results indicated the statistical significance and negative impact of indicators of general liquidity, return on capital, and the level of own capital on the level of indebtedness. The contribution of this paper is that it provides an insight into the relationship of certain internal factors to indebtedness, as well as helps in determining the best level of the relationship between the use of debt and own funds in the financing of the company.
Entrepreneurship Education Among University Students as a Predictor of Female Entrepreneurial Undertakings
Authors: Vukmirović Valentina
Published: November 2023

Female entrepreneurship is gaining significant attention from both researchers and practitioners, since it is observed as a new female movement as well as an important contributor to global economy. Anyhow, female entrepreneurs are still facing numerous obstacles while making efforts to realize their vision and achieve success in the world of business. The aim of this paper is to investigate characteristics of female entrepreneurship and gain insight into main obstacles for female entrepreneurship development. On the basis of information collected, author of this paper provided a conceptual model which could contribute to resolving the obstacles to female entrepreneurship development. Guidelines for model implementation and recommendations for further research are provided.
Educating Girls, Educated Women
Authors: Wenzel Nikolai , Beck-Peter Tricia
Published: November 2023

After a half-century of failed top-down international aid efforts that ignore basic microeconomics, the New Development Economics (NDE) offers an alternative.  First, sound institutions (such as rule of law, property rights, contractual enforcement, etc.); second, respect for basic microeconomic principles (from incentives to knowledge).  Within the New Development Economics, development economist William Easterly offers controversial and innovative insights; one of these is the ineffectiveness of education - alone, and without sound institutions - for promoting growth.  We argue that Easterly is generally correct, but we improve on Easterly's lessons by dehomogenizing education.  Specifically, education for girls has high marginal returns:  at the micro level, even a slight increase in education dramatically improves the health of girls - and their daughters - in a virtuous cycle.  At the macro level, educated women have a significant marginal impact on growth and institutional improvement. We complement a theoretical approach with a case study that demonstrates the importance and marginal impact of educating girls - even if sounds institutions are not yet present.
Entrepreneurial Learning and the Success of Welsh Businesswomen
Authors: C‚lark Andre , Tomos Florica
Published: November 2023

This paper reports on a study of women entrepreneurs running MSMEs in South Wales, a region characterised as having a weak entrepreneurial culture compared to other parts of the UK (Fotopoulos and Storey 2017). One reason for this weakness is perceived to be a lack of entrepreneurship education and in this paper we investigate the hypothesis behind this -that more entrepreneurship education has a positive effect on business success. The investigation consisted of three parts; a set of 59 questions (n=150), followed by a series of face-to-face interviews (n=37), and finally some detailed discussions (n=5). The main finding is that the hypothesis that entrepreneurship education makes a positive contribution to the success of women entrepreneurs needs to be modified to reflect the fact that it is entrepreneurial learning through technologically enabled networks that has such an effect, as it no longer makes sense in the age of social media to separate education from asynchronous networked learning, or to separate the technology from the networking within that learning. The practical implication of this research is that enterprise education courses and programmes designed to support female entrepreneurs need to take better account of the way such women learn. The limitation of the research is that the sample is from a relatively technologically enabled population.
Low-Income Women Entrepreneurs and Household Sustainability in Badagry; A Border Community in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Odunaike Bolawale Abayomi , Ajiboye Olarenwaju Emmanuel
Published: November 2023

Traditionally, the contribution of women to household sustainability was limited to the reproduction, raising of children and carrying out domestic chores, while men solely take up the financial burdens. Due to changes in the family institution, gender-based roles were becoming blurred as couples tend to share both domestic and economic responsibilities. Although, many studies have been done on women entrepreneurs, there is dearth of empirical research among the low-income ones in border communities. This study, therefore, was designed to examine how low-income women entrepreneurs sustain their households and trades in Badagry area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Gender Role Ideology provided theoretical orientation, while the descriptive design was adopted using both qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Agbalata market was purposely chosen owing to its size and commercial activities involving both local and cross border women traders. Two hundred and fifty women were selected for the survey, while twenty were selected for in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while interviews were content analysed. However, most women engaged in trade to support their household economically which affected the expansion of their business negatively. Majority of the older women engaged in trades to cater for their grandchildren. Family size was a determinant of the sustainability of the business. The study recommends that governmental intervention in terms of loan provision is essential to the survival of low-income women traders in border communities.
Values of Entrepreneurs and Supervisors and Their Socio-professional Identity
Authors: Seletkova Guzel Ilyasovna , Lazukova Eugeniia Andreevna , Stegnii Vasilij Nikolaevich , Tulieva Karina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2023

The questions about top-priority values, the connection of values with the socio-professional identity and self-estimation of the global success as well as the success of the professional experience were discovered on the basis of the research among the entrepreneurs and supervisors. Comparative analysis has shown gender specificities of the entrepreneurs’ value system, perception of life and business success and also the peculiarities of gender and socio-professional identities. On the basis of a large amount of entrepreneurs and supervisors’ data, the matrix of values was created, including innovative-cultural, family-conservative, educational-authoritative, hedonistic-prestigious and professional components. Besides, there were 5 clusters of values identified, among them are multivaluable (with the dominance of innovative-cultural component), monovaluable (family), professional-balanced, conservative-instrumental, conservative-ambitious. The values of the favorite work, the harmony with yourself and the communication are the most common values for the entrepreneurs. As for the supervisors well-being, authority in the community are the common values. Gender has a small influence on the dominant value clusters among the entrepreneurs, while among the supervisors there is no such influence at all. Women’s values have some particularities in the circumstances of the pandemic. Socio-professional identity slightly depends on the dominant value cluster of the individual, and the considered cluster itself is usually connected with the professional work experience. High estimation of life and professional success of the entrepreneurs, depends on the dominant values and is different among the representatives of the genders.
Do Business-Friendly States Attract Female Entrepreneurs?
Authors: Kaya Halil Dincer
Published: November 2023

In this study, we examine whether there is a significant difference in small business owner characteristics in business-friendly states in the U.S. versus in less friendly states. In the survey that we employ, business-friendliness has four components. These are the ease of hire, ease of start, training/networking programs, and regulations. The owner characteristics including “position in the firm”, “previous entrepreneurial experience”, “gender”, “age”, “political view”, “education level”, and “race” are also included in the survey. Our results for “overall business friendliness” show that, in business-friendly states, there are more female owners and experienced owners when compared to the other states. In these states, there are more conservatives but fewer liberals and independents. Also, in these states, we are seeing more technical college and high school graduates and fewer community college graduates and master’s graduates. Finally, in these states, we see fewer Asian or Hispanic owners when compared to the other states.
Women's Entrepreneurship in Organic Production in Serbia
Authors: Milojevic Ana , Vujicic Sladjana , Nikitović Zorana , Radović Marković Mirjana
Published: November 2023

In this short study, an analysis of the position of women's entrepreneurship in the field of organic food production in Serbia was performed, with an indication of the general relationship in employment and permanent gender inequality, both in our country and in the world. Considering digitalization and automation in many spheres of life in the modern world, a review of trends and competitiveness of women in the labor market is given and the analysis of data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water of the Republic of Serbia (Annual Reports) shows the number of female entrepreneurs in organic production as a promising branch of economy, with an overview of all aspects that have slowed down, reduced, or prevented better results in this area.
The Impact of Education Reforms, Employment Policies and Corruption on the Outflow of Young People from Serbia
Authors: Ceha Nikola
Published: November 2023

The young workforce has always been the most valuable resource in a country’s economic perspective, and it can be crucial in transition countries such as Serbia. This paper focuses on education reform, youth employment and their contribution to the development of the country, as well as preventing the outflow of this important resource, crucial for the progress of the entire society. The emigration of young and educated professionals in the most productive period of their lives has been constant for the past ten years in the Republic of Serbia. Accordingly, the aim of the research is to highlight the need to strengthen institutions, reduce corruption, as well as to raise collective awareness about the need to invest in reforming the education and employment system of young people, similar to the countries of Central and Western Europe. Data from relevant domestic and foreign institutions and journals were used for the analysis. Research results show that the only way to reduce the trend of human resources outflow, and thus ensure continuous, sustainable economic growth in the future of the Republic of Serbia, is a strategy of retaining young people and access to radical structural reforms and institutional strengthening.