bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Terhadap Migrasi Plastik Hasil Induksi Panas pada Beberapa pH dan Jenis Asam Organik
Authors: Haseama Gabriella Mutiara , Wijaya I M. Mahaputra , Suwariani Ni Putu
Published: December 2020

In Indonesian street food vendor, most of hot acidic food and drinks are served with plastic packaging and plastic cutlery. This research is aimed to study about the presence of plastic’s component migration as a result of heat induction in the presence of various pHs and organic acid, and to identify the types of migrated plastic components through its functional groups. In this research, the samples were 10 plastic packaging and cutlery made from LDPE, HDPE, PP, PE, and PS plastic. Acetic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid and three levels of pH which were pH 4, 5, and 6. Temperatures of 80 and 100 ? were used as representation of food and drinks served warm. Each samples were conditioned in each organic acids solutions with different pH (pH 4, 5, and 6) and thermal treatments were carried out for 1 hour in each temperature. The plastic migrations were detected using UV-Visible spectroscopy, followed by FTIR spectroscopy to identify functional groups of the migrated plastic components, followed by prediction of the migrated compound. The results suggested that plastic component migration were detected in all samples, and using lactic acid pH 4, 5, and 6 an antistatic diethanolamides was ruled plausible released from white plastic glass sample.

Keywords : plastic migration, organic acids, pH, spectroscopy, temperature.
Karakteristik Krim Kunyit Daun Asam (Curcuma domestica Val. - Tamarindus indica L.) pada Perlakuan Konsentrasi Emulsifier dan Waktu Pengadukan
Authors: . Mujahidah , Mulyani Sri , Suhendra Lutfi
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to know cream of turmeric tamarind leaves on the treatment of concentration emulsifier and stirring time and to determine the concentration emulsifier and stirring time to produce characteristics of cream fulfill requirement of SNI. This study used a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration emulsifier which consist of three levels, namely 3, 5 and 7%. The second factor is stirring time which consist of three levels, namely 5, 7.5 and 10 minutes. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the tukey test. The result of the study showed that concentration emulsifier has an effect on the adhesion time, pH, viscocity and spread power. The stirring time has an effect on the adhesion time. Concentration emulsifier 5% and 7% with stirring time 10 minutes were creams that fulfill requirement of SNI. The characteristics cream of concentration emulsifier 5% with stirring time 10 minutes is: homogeneus, separation ratio = 1, adhetion time 48.52 seconds, viscocity 3550 cp, spread power 6.72 cm and pH 6.60. The characteristics cream of concentration emulsifier 7% with stirring time 10 minutes is: homogeneus, separation ratio = 1, adhetion time 28.82 seconds, viscocity 3650 cp, spread power 6.79 cm and pH 6.45.

Keywords : Span 80, tween 80, stirring time, turmeric and tamarind leaves.
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Lama Maserasi terhadap Karakteristik Ekstrak Virgin Coconut Oil Wortel (Daucus carota L.) sebagai Pewarna Alami
Authors: Ardyanti Ni Komang Novy Trisna , Suhendra Lutfi , Ganda Puta G.P.
Published: December 2020

Carrots are vegetable plants that contain ?-carotene, carotenoids, and vitamin A which can be extracted with organic (non-polar) solvents. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a non-polar solute suitable for dissolving natural dyes and has a dielectric constant of 2.82 × 10-18, so that VCO can be used as a solvent in carotenoid extraction in carrots. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of particle size and maceration duration on the characteristics of carrot VCO extract as a natural dye and obtain the best particle size and maceration time to obtain carrot VCO extract as a natural dye. This experiment was designed using a Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor is the particle size which consists of 3 levels, namely: P1 (40 mesh), P2 (60 mesh), and P3 (80 mesh). The second factor is maceration time which consists of 3 levels, namely: W1 (4 hours), W2 (6 hours), and W3 (8 hours). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with Tukey test. The results showed that particle size and maceration time a very significant effect on yield, total carotenoids, total ?-carotene levels, brightness level (L*), redness level (a*) and yellowish level (b*). Treatment particle size 80 mesh and maceration duration of 6 hours was the best treatment to extract carrot VCO with yield characteristics of 0.77 percent, total carotenoids 2425.9 (mg/L), total ?-carotene levels 123.39 (mg/L), brightness level (L *) 34.77, redness level (a *) 14.67, and yellowish level (b *) 25.84.

Keywords : VCO, carrot, extraction, particle size, time maceration.
Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa L.) pada Perlakuan Ukuran Partikel dan Lama Maserasi serta Korelasi Antar Variabel
Authors: Ginting Rahel Br , Wartini Ni Made , Wrasiati Luh Putu
Published: December 2020

Natural dyes from globe amaranth contain betacyanin obtained through the extraction process. This study aims to know the characteristics of natural dye extract globe amaranth on the treatment of particle size and maceration time as well as determine the correlation between total betacyanin with the yield and color intensity of natural dyes extract globe amaranth. This research used two factors namely, particle size (40, 60, and 80 mesh) and maceration time (24, 36, and 48 hours). The data analysis used a bivariate correlation test. The results showed the characteristics of the natural dyes extract globe amaranth on the treatment of particle size and maceration time were as follows: yield 10.61–13.64 percent, total betacyanin 92.42–166.62 mg/100g, brightness level (L*) 18.03–13.09, redness level (a*) 8.29–10.62, and yellowish level (b*) 3.85-7.66. Total betacyanin and yield have a strong but not significant correlation, with a coefficient correlation (r) 0.6631 and coefficient determination (R2) 0.4397. The correlation between total betacyanin with color intensity namely, brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowish (b*) has a very strong and correlation with the coefficient correlation (r) respectively -0.872; 0.877; and -8.836 and coefficient determination (R2) respectively 0.7701; 0.7608; 0.7004.

Keywords : Gomphrena globosa L., betacyanin, corelation, nature dyes, extraction
Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Alami Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa L.) pada Perlakuan Jenis Pelarut dan Suhu Ekstraksi serta Korelasi antar Variabel
Authors: Fikri Zainul , Wartini Ni Made , Wrasiati Luh Putu
Published: December 2020

Globe amaranth is one of the flowers contain betacyanin that potentially used as natural dye by extracting. This research aimed to find out the characteristics of natural dye extract of globe amaranth on the treatment of solvent types and extraction temperature as well as to determine the correlation between a total of betacyanin with the yield and color intensity of the natural dye extract of globe amaranth. This experiment was designed using two factors. The first factor was solvent types consisting of aquades, ethanol 48 percent, and ethanol 96 percent. The second factor was the extraction temperature consisting of 25, 35, and  45ºC. The data analysis used a bivariate correlation test. The results showed the characteristics of the natural dye extract of globe amaranth on the treatment of the type of solvent and extraction temperature were as follows: yield of 8.65 – 16.13 percent, betacyanin total 30.01 – 185.51 mg / 100g, brightness level (L*) 12.08 – 17.09, redness level (a*) 8.19 – 10.93, and yellowish level (b*) 4.77 – 7.87.  A total of betacyanin was positively correlated with yield and the redness level (a*) with correlation coefficient value (r) 0.504 (strong) and 0.986 (very strong) and determination coefficient value (R2) 0.2541 and 0.9719, while a total of betacyanin was negatively correlated with the brightness level (L*) and the yellowish level (b*) with the correlation coefficient value (r) -0.932 (very strong) and -0.907 (very strong) and determination coefficient value (R2) 0.8679 and 0.8226.

Keywords: Gomphrena globosa L., betacyanin, extraction, correlation
Pengaruh Persentase Penambahan Bubuk Serat Oyong (Luffa acutangula) dan Lama Pengadukan terhadap Karakteristik Krim Body Scrub
Authors: Ahadianti Kadek Mei , Wrasiati Luh Putu , Ganda Putra Gusti Putu
Published: December 2020

Body scrub cream is a semi-solid dosage form containing one or more dissolved or dispersed medicinal ingredients in suitable base ingredients and serves to smooth the body's skin and remove damaged skin cells with the help of scrub material. Oyong fiber (Luffa acutangula) is used as a scrubber material that is natural, biodegradable and inexpensive. The aim of this study to know the effect of the addition of oyong fiber powder and stirring time to the characteristics of body scrub cream and to determine the percentage of the addition of oyong fiber powder  and length of stirring to produce the best body scrub cream. This research uses factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the percentage of the addition of the Oyong fiber powder consisting of 3 levels namely 5, 7, 9 and 11% and the second factor is the stirring time consisting of 10, 15, and 20 minutes. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued by Tukey's test. The results of the study showed that the addition loofah (Luffa acutangula) fiber powder addition and the stirring time very affected the pH, viscosity, spreadability power, adhesion power and overall acceptance of the body scrub cream. The interaction between the addition loofah (Luffa acutangula) fiber powder addition and the stirring time very affected the viscosity and the spreadability power.  Addition of 9% of loofah (Luffa acutangula) fiber powder and 20 minutes of the stirring time was the best treatment for body scrub cream with characteristics as follows: pH 4.60, viscosity 37600 cp, homogeny, spreadability power 4.6 cm, adhesion power 9.88 seconds, separation ratio=1 and overall acceptance 5,90 (rather like to like).

Keywords : body scrub cream, Luffa acutangula, stirring time
The Students' Engagement in EFL Online Class
Authors: Susanti Yunik
Published: December 2020

A closed-ended questionnaire was designated to the English Department students University of Nusantara PGRI Kediri to investigate their cognitive, behavioural and emotional engagement during the English teaching learning processes that were administered in online classes. These online classes were managed to implement the government policy in banning the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the students’ behavioural engagement was relatively high, however, their cognitive and emotional engagement were not extensively positive in some of their aspects. It was found that the students found obstacles in communicating ideas, helping each other, previewing the previous materials, and overcoming anxiety in making mistake during the online class. The findings contributes to an understanding of the various aspects of web-based classes and the EFL students’ engagement in the virtual classes. .
An Analysis of Context of Culture and Context of Situation in Obama’s Speech Text
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin
Published: December 2020

Functional systemic linguistics studies the meaning of texts. In Understanding the meaning of the text, it needs the involvment of situation context and cultural context. The aim of this research is to analyze the speech text conveyed Barack Obama in terms of situation context and cultural context.  This research used descriptive qualitative approach as research design. Technique of data analysis uses the context situation and cultural context analysis  as formulated by Suzanne Eggins (2004) and Halliday and Hasan (1985). The result showed that situation context is determined in term of field, tenor, and mode. The field of the text is about description of the problems faced by American State and how to solve those problems. The tenor of this text describes that relation between Barak Obama and the audience is not equal. The mode of the text shows that text was conveyed orally and rewrited by the jurnalist in the form of written text. Then, the cutural context is determined in term of the word choice in making the meaning of the text. in addition, cultural context is also detemined by the genre and the purpose of  text. Thus is analitical text by purposing to give the new hope and the solution solution about crisis happening in America.
Indonesian Folktales in English: Media to Integrate Local Wisdom in EFL Classroom
Authors: Fadhli Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Indonesia has a lot of folktales as one of the precious cultural heritages that must be preserved. A folktale provides cultural knowledge and moral lessons as one type of literary text. Using Indonesian folktales in English as teaching materials in the classroom of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) will contribute a great deal to the growth of the linguistic and cognitive skills, cultural understanding and moral values of students. This paper focuses on some of the benefits and considerations of using Indonesian traditional folktales from in English as a teaching aid in the EFL classroom.
Christos Tsiolkas’s The Slap Multiculturalism in Australia Now
Authors: Muljadi Hianly
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on the use of narrative techniques, especially point of view, in a novel entitled The Slap written by an Australian author, Christos Tsiolkas. This novel begins with a barbeque party hosted by a couple in a suburban Melbourne. The party is attended by many of their friends, families and co-workers who come from many different ethnic backgrounds, mostly immigrants or immigrant descents in Australia. The story takes an interesting turn when a man slaps an unruly boy who is not his own. The boy’s parents become so furious and decide to report the incident to the police. The story then continues with the revelation on how the case goes. What is special about this novel is that the aftermath of the incident is written in multiple chapters, narrated by a different character for each chapter. Readers will be able to see what happen after the incident through the eyes of each character who not only talk about the incident but inform the readers also about their life and the people around them. This is very interesting considering all the characters come from different ethnics; Greek, Indian, Jew, and British Australian. Christos Tsiolkas claimed that he wanted to show the real Australia which is not often represented in other novels through this novel and he has chosen to use the 3rd person limited point of view as a means to deliver his message. At the end of the research it can be concluded that there is a shift in position between the white Australians and immigrants or immigrant descent nowadays in terms of superiority and inferiority.

 

Keywords: narrative technique, point of view, multiculturalism, immigrant, white Australians.
MODEL DINAMIS AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (STUDI KASUS: PENGARUH KURS DOLAR AMERIKA DAN INFLASI TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM TAHUN 2014-2018)
Authors: AQIBAH MAHMUDATUL , SUCIPTAWATI NI LUH PUTU , SUMARJAYA I WAYAN
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research is to determine the dynamic model equation of autoregressive distributed lag by using koyck method, to find out the effect of log US dollar exchange rate and log inflation on log stock price in 20142018, and to forecast value of log stock price on January 2019August 2019. The data used in 20142018. The data was transformed into logarithm format. Time series plot of log US dollar exchange rate, log inflation, and log stock price suggest that the fluctuation in the data, for instance, both upward and downward trends, during the period. We obtained that the Koyck transformation could changed the lag distribution model into autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) dynamic model. Furthermore, the log of US dollar exchange rate and log inflation have negative effect on log stock price in particular period. We measured forecasting accuracy using mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) and concluded that ARDL forecasting using Koyck model shows a significant increase in stock price.
PENERAPAN METODE BAYES DALAM MENGESTIMASI PREMI RISIKO PADA ASURANSI PENYAKIT KRITIS
Authors: AGUSTINI SISILIA MARTINA UTAMI , WIDANA I NYOMAN , TASTRAWATI NI KETUT TARI
Published: December 2020

The high number of critical illness cases and the rising medical cost affect the number of insurance claimed. It can be a problem for the insurance company in estimating future claim trend to decide the risk premium cost, so that we need a method to solve the problem which is called Empirical Bayes Credibility Theory (EBCT). Based on that information, the goal of this research is estimating the risk premium cost for critical illness cases using EBCT method. In this research, a large simulation of the expected claim data of critical illness policyholders is used, which are grouped by age and gender. In processing data by applying the EBCT method, the credibility factor is determined first, then the size of the risk premium can be estimated, with the calculation results obtained by a different estimate of the risk premium for each age group based on gender.
PENENTUAN NILAI PREMI ASURANSI PERTANIAN BERBASIS INDEKS CURAH HUJAN PADA KOMODITAS KEDELAI YANG DISIMULASI MENGGUNAKAN DISTRIBUSI WEIBULL
Authors: DEWI NI PUTU AYUNDA SURYA , DHARMAWAN KOMANG , SARI KARTIKA
Published: December 2020

Agricultural insurance protects farmers who experience crop failure. This study aims to calculate the value of agricultural insurance premium by applying simulated rainfall index-based using stochastic weather generator on soybean commodities in Negara sub-district. This study are used rainfall data to determine the probability of the transition, then perform rainfall simulations using the Stochastic Weather Generator method to obtain trigger values and continued with the calculation of agricultural insurance premiums. Results of this study provide the value that higher trigger is taken, the greater the insurance premium that must be paid. The value of insurance premiums to be paid is 4,18% - 5,66% of insurance costs Rp2.605.000,00.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA DIJKSTRA DALAM MENENTUKAN RUTE TERPENDEK BIS TRANSJAKARTA DALAM MENGUNJUNGI 5 DESTINASI WISATA POPULER DI JAKARTA
Authors: TAPOBALI PATRICIA JOSEPHINE BAREK BABA , KRISNAMURTI CYRENIA NOVELLA
Published: December 2020

This study shows the Dijkstra Algorithm process in determining the shortest Transjakarta bus route connecting 5 popular tourist destinations in Jakarta, namely; Ragunan Wildlife Park, Beautiful Indonesia Miniature Park, National Monument, Old Town, and Ancol Dreamland. Based on the analysis of the data obtained by the 5 shortest routes in visiting 5 popular tourist destinations in Jakarta with the initial position is a different tourist destination, namely; (1) TMII ? Monas ? City ? Ancol ? Ragunan with the length of the Transjakarta bus lane is 57.6 kilometers. (2) Ragunan ? Monas ? City ? Ancol ? TMII with the length of the Transjakarta bus lane is 47.38 kilometers. (3) Monas ? City ? Ancol ? Ragunan ? TMII with the length of the Transjakarta bus lane is 53.86 kilometers. (4) City ? Ancol ? Monas ? Ragunan ? TMII with the length of the Transjakarta bus lane is 49.46 kilometers. (5) Ancol ? City ? Monas ? Ragunan ? TMII with the length of the Transjakarta bus lane is 46.41 kilometers.
PENGEMBANGAN PROGRAM BERITA INFOTAINMENT TV NASIONAL BERDASARKAN PREFERENSI MASYARAKAT MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS KONJOIN
Authors: DAMEYANTI PUTRI , SUSILAWATI MADE , NILAKUSMAWATI DESAK PUTU EKA
Published: December 2020

Current technological advances cause information to be obtained quickly. Such information can be obtained through printed media or electronic media. Television is included in the category of electronic media. The infotainment program is one of the television programs. Almost all television stations have infotainment programs running every day. This proves that people love the infotainment program, so the infotainment program still running until now. People’s as watchers/audiens of the infotainment program have the right to provide an assessment of the quality of infotainment programs related to satisfaction and preference to assist in the development of infotainment programs. To understand people's preferences for infotainment programs, it can be done using conjoint analysis. In this research, it was found that the attributes that influence the people’s in watching infotainment program are presenter, air time, and program duration. In general, the infotainment program that desired by the people was an infotainment program that has a paired presenter, running at night with a half hour run time
KONTROL OPTIMAL PADA MODEL DINAMIK PENYEBARAN VIRUS KOMPUTER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PONTRYAGIN MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE (PMP)
Authors: ASMIANTO ASMIANTO , PUSADWIJAYANTI KRIDHA , HAFIIZH MOCHAMMAD
Published: December 2020

In this paper, it is discussed about giving control variable to dynamic systems to process the spread of viruses on computers. The dynamic model describes the process of spreading viruses on the computer, where susceptible can be instantly removed and infected can instantly become susceptible. And through qualitative analysis on the model is given a control and completed using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) method on infected interactions so that the infected computer can be minimized. Dynamic models that have been given control are simulated using MATLAB software and the results show the infected computer is reduced enough significan.
4TH SMART LION 2020 COVID-19: REALITY AND PROGNOSIS
Authors:   Communal Non-Profit Enterprise “Lviv Clinical Emergency Care Hospital”, Lviv, Ukraine, Danylyak Oleh , Stryiska Iryna ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

This report with video supplement represents the 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM «SMARTLION 2020» DEDICATED TO COVID-19: REALITY AND PROGNOSIS. It was carried out as a virtual meeting on September 29, 2020. The event was supported by Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (Lviv, Ukraine), Medical Commision of The Shevchenko Scientific Society, Lviv City Council and Lviv Convention Bureau. About 400 participants from Ukraine, Poland and Germany actively took part in the symposium asking questions and sharing the event in Facebook. Among honored speakers were opinion leaders in the fields of medical science related to COVID-19 pandemic. Professor Boris Lushniak (Dean of School of Public Health, University of Maryland, USA) focused on the history of Pandemics. Professor Serhiy Souchelnystyi (College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar) explained molecular insights with clinical applications as well as why COVID-19 is so aggressive. Doctor Andriy Cherkas (PhD, Sanofi, Frankfurt am Mein, Germany) discussed on dangerous combination – COVID-19 and Diabetes. Armen Yuri Gasparyan (MD, PhD, FESC, member of the World Association of Medical Editors, Associate Professor of Medicine of the University of Birmingham (UK)) talked about Infodemic and Misinformation in the COVID-19 era. Oksana Souter (PhD, CEO, Swiss organic solutions, Zürich, Switzerland) shared the experience of SwissCovidApp using in Switzerland and revealed social and ethical aspects of the COVID-19 digital environment. Professor Vasyl Lonchyna (University of Chicago, USA; UCU, Lviv, Ukraine) analysed medical education in the time of pandemic. Professor Oksana Zayachkivska (Head of Physiology Department, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Editor-in-Chief of the «Proceeding of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences») summarized the symposium hoping that human intelligence would overpower the COVID-19 pandemic.
CHANGING RESEARCH PARADIGM IN THE FACE OF A GLOBAL PANDEMIC: FORESEEABLE IMPACT AND ADAPTIVE MEASURES IN ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN THE FUTURE
Authors:   Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow India, Gupta Latika , Sanjeevkumar Gaur Prithvi ,   Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, India
Published: December 2020

The Coronavirus disease 2 (Covid-19) pandemic has led to a massive rise in research in a bid to understand more about the new disease and cope better with the pandemic. The need to socially distance and limited human movement in open spaces since the COVID-19 outbreak have brought most forms of research to a standstill. While most research incentives have been directed towards research regarding the pandemic, diminished patient visits, have paralysed all the studies requiring personal and physical examination. Majority of the social interactions have been reduced to a screen, and this is also the new practice in the research realm. This unique situation calls for a need to re-examine research practices and reinvent novel methods for quality research. While it is prudent to step up research to understand the disease and its impact on varied conditions, the situation also necessitates a close watch for misinformation, erroneous reporting, and failure of ethical research. Moreover, there is a felt need to derive validated tools for remote assessment to minimise risk to the patients and physicians alike. In this brief, we discuss the perceived changes and potential areas for erroneous research reporting while providing possible solutions for fruitful research in the peri-pandemic period. We also identify new methods of conducting studies and the setbacks that could be faced while carrying out such tasks, including those of methodological, ethical and financial nature. We hope these may shape researcher perspectives and help them to conduct ethical and valid research in these, particularly trying times.
DYNAMICS OF PROSTATE CANCER RATE AND MORTALITY IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Kobilnyk Yurii , Mytsyk Yulian ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Borzhievsky Andriy ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Vorobets Dmytro ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Matskevych Viktoriia ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PC) accounts for about 12% of all malignancies in men. Over the last 10 years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of this tumor, as evidenced by statistics. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of PC morbidity and mortality rate in Ukraine and its regions in recent years. Materials and methods. The analysis of PC morbidity and mortality rates in Ukraine was performed in accordance with the 1999-2012 Bulletin of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. The following indicators were analyzed: raw (average) morbidity and mortality indicators standardized by age, world standard population that is widely used for indicator comparison across countries, Ukrainian standard population calculated based on the age structure of the Ukrainian population. Results. The 1999-2018 analysis of the dynamics of prostate cancer incidence showed its growth both in Ukraine in general and in each region separately. In 1999, the incidence rate (world standard) for prostate cancer in Ukraine was 9.3 and in 2018 it was 22.1. The 1999-2018 analysis of the dynamics of mortality rate due to prostate cancer showed a clear trend towards its growth in Ukraine in general and in each region separately. In 1999, the mortality rate (world standard) due to prostate cancer in Ukraine was 2.7 and in 2018 it was already 4.1. Conclusions. The study showed a clear incremental tendency towards increased morbidity and mortality in patients with PC in Ukraine and its regions in the period from 1999 to 2012. Herewith, some gender differences were observed - both figures were significantly higher among male patients than female. Continuous increment growth of morbidity and mortality rate in patients with PC requires the revision of protocols for diagnostics and treatment of such patients.
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANGIOARCHITECTONICS OF THE NORMAL UTERINE TUBE MUCOUS MEMBRANE AND UNDER THE EFFECT OF OPIOID DURING THE EXPERIMENT
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Podolyuk Mariia , Vilkhova Iryna ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Mateshuk-Vatseba Lesya ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Introduction. In the modern world, the problem of drug use, especially among the youth, is considered to be of utmost importance. Female body’s susceptibility to the development of drug addiction is considerably higher than that of the male body. The study of blood supply of the uterine tube is relevant since the morphological rebuilding of the mucous membrane of the uterine tube, considering its functions, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases of the female reproductive system. Under the effect of pathological factors, including opioids, vessels became the main target, and their structural changes are the basis for the development of the pathological process and determine the peculiarities of clinical symptoms. Methods. The study was carried out on 34 sexually mature white female rats (4,5-6,0 months) with the bodyweight of 180-220 g. Angioarchitectonics of the uterine tube of female white rats was studied in double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies with distribution into a control group (intact rats that were accepted as a relative norm, n=10), a placebo-controlled group (n=9) that received 0.9% saline for the duration of the experiment, and 3 experimental groups (n=5 each) that were subjected to long-term opioid effect. Results. After 2 weeks of Nalbuphine administration for female white laboratory rat, the minor expansion of arterioles and capillaries was observed, their diameter increased. Arteriolovenular coefficient augmented. After 4 weeks of Nalbuphine administration, arterioles were convoluted, loss of clear outlines, expansion of lumen, irregularity of vessels caliber, microvessels with microaneurysms, areas with hemorrhage and obliteration of capillaries were detected. After six-week administration of nalbuphine, the hemomicrocirculatory blood flow of the uterine tube wall was at the stage of decompensation, the capillary component was almost destroyed, arterioles were abruptly twisted and distorted, their lumen was uneven, venules were expanded and distorted, additional arteriolovenular anastomoses were opened, indices of trophic activity of the tissue increased considerably. Conclusions. The vasotropic effect after six-week administration of nalbuphine demonstrated severe damage to the uterine tube hemomicrocirculatory blood flow.
CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN COVID-19: CASE REPORT AND CONCISE REVIEW
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Oryshchyn Nelya , Ivaniv Yuriy ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Cardiovascular system is one of the most vulnerable during COVID-19. The main mechanisms of cardiac injury are: direct myocardial damage, mediated by viral binding to angiotensin-converting-ensyme-2, cardiac microvascular damage and thrombosis, caused by hypercoagulability. Cardiovascular complications such as acute and chronic myocardial injury, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, stress-cardiomyopathy, arterial and venous thrombosis and arrhythmic disorders are common among COVID-19 patients. Myocardial injury in COVID-19 could have different mechanisms and may occur at early and late stages of the COVID-19 disease, resulting in myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Echocardiography is a first-line noninvasive imaging method to assess the cardiac injury during COVID 19 while cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the best to identify myocardial oedema, inflammation and fibrosis. In this article we presented the analysis of experience of cardiologists in different countries concerning diagnostics ant treatment of COVID-19 related cardiovascular pathology and case reports from our own experience concerning cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. Laboratory diagnostics (troponin and brain-natriuretic peptide) and noninvasive imaging methods (echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance tomography) are essential to confirm the diagnosis of cardiac injury in COVID-19 and to evaluate the effect of the treatment. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to understand better the COVID-19 related cardiac pathology.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   M.D., FACS, FICS, Kuzycz George
Published: December 2020

Discussion of observations and interviews as to the state of postgraduate medical education in Ukraine during an informal discussion of author’s time as a U.S. Fulbright Scholar for the 2018-2019 academic years for the project titled Postgraduate Medical Education In Ukraine. The interviews with interns (85); attendings, program directors, hospital administrators (75), several medical students and others were recorded during numerous author’s visits and observations (50) to various Ukrainian hospitals. The conclusions made herein are my own and serve to report my observations on the state and quality of postgraduate medical training in Ukraine, reference to that in the United States and the author’s over 45-year practice as a surgeon in Illinois. This mainly concerns internships in the surgical specialties and subspecialties. Some suggestions as to how to change the system are presented.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GYN ROBOTIC SURGERY IN OUR PRACTICE
Authors:   Ob/Gyn department , American Hospital Dubai, UAE, Brignoni Antony , Mudra Oksana ,   Ob/Gyn department , American Hospital Dubai, UAE
Published: December 2020

Middle East has launched its first comprehensive robotic surgery programme, Known as one of the most sophisticated laparoscopic surgical technologies available, the device – created by Intuitive – is part of the new programme aimed at enhancing the group’s “current comprehensive general surgery and laparoscopic surgery services”. American Hospital was selected as the hub for this robotic programme as it is already considered a market leader in advanced laparoscopic surgery. According to the manufacturer, the da Vinci Xi HD 4 works by combining conventional laparoscopic techniques with high precision robotic technology that uses four robotic arms controlled by the surgeon from a console. Through the console, the surgeon is also able to access a 3D high-definition view of the surgical area. Robotic surgery is a state of the art surgical procedure in which the conventional laparoscopic technique is combined with high precision robotic technology. Articulated instruments allow the same movement capacity as the human wrist and the tremor filter eliminates any small uncontrollable movement in the surgeon's hands. We would like to share our experience in implementation of Robotic Assisted surgery in gynecological practice of out hospital. Commencement of our program coincided with very difficult period for all World. Regardless COVID pandemic, we started successfully our robo- surgical journey, and within 6 months we performed 150 Robotic assisted surgeries, 50 of them- gynecological. Gynecologic surgery has been transformed in the last three decades in the western world, from mostly open abdominal surgeries with increased length of stay and morbidity to today with minimally invasive surgeries with short length of stay, decreased morbidity, faster return to normal activities and work. Long past the days of doing laparoscopic surgery with direct viewing through a scope, later poor quality imaging monitors to our current High definition 2D and 3D imaging. In the last decade the introduction of Robotics to our surgical armamentarium has steadily increase the likelihood that patients will have minimally invasive procedure instead of an open laparotomy.
ACTA NON VERBA (ON THE OCCASION OF THE ANNIVERSARY OF PROF. OKSANA ZAYACHKIVSKA)
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine, Pidvalna Ulyana
Published: December 2020

Oksana Stanislavivna Zayachkivska (born on July 24, 1960, Lviv) – Doctor of Medicine, Professor (2008), Head of the Department of Normal Physiology (2016) at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. She is a full member of Shevchenko Scientific Society (SSS) (2018), chairman of the Medical Commission of SSS (2015-2018), Member of the Physiological Society (UK), Global GI Club in FASEB, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR-GI section), Honorary Ambassador of Lviv (2019–21). Her ​​research is mainly focused on the problems of the physiology of digestion, stress and the creation of preclinical models of gastrointestinal diseases. Professor studies new stress biomarkers, anti-stress agents and the formation of stress resistance; elucidates molecular mechanisms of cytoprotection. Oksana Zayachkivska is the author and co-author of over 300 scientific original works and translations of the English-language professional literature. She is the member of the Editorial Board and Editor-in-Chief of the “Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences” journal (2015–2020), member of the Editorial boards of “Frontier in Pharmacology” (Switzerland), “Southeast European Medical Journal” (Croatia), “Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology” (USA).
THE FIRMAMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE LOSES A SHINING STAR (in memoriam Oleh Hornykiewicz)
Authors:   Psychiatry Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland DVAMC, Jaskiw George ,   Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University
Published: December 2020

Oleh Hornykiewicz, one of the most accomplished neuropharmacologists of the 20th century passed away on May 26, 2020 at the age of 93. In 1939, Oleh’s father, a Ukrainian Catholic priest, fled with his young family from Soviet-occupied Ukraine and settled in Vienna. During his medical studies, Oleh became fascinated by pharmacology and in 1956 was awarded a fellowship to Oxford University (U.K.) where he worked with Dr. Hermann Blaschko, a pioneer in the study of enzymes of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism. At that time, it was still thought that dopamine was merely an intermediate in the synthesis of norepinephrine. Dr. Hornykiewicz demonstrated that even after its breakdown had been blocked, administration of dopamine or its precursor L-DOPA could elevate blood pressure in animal models. Dopamine was bioactive per se. Upon his return to Vienna in 1958, the young scientist began studying dopamine in the brain. Familiar with Parkinson’s Disease and intrigued by Arvid Carlsson’s finding that L-DOPA could counteract the akinesia of the reserpenized rat, Dr. Hornyckiewicz began to suspect that a dopamine deficiency mediated the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. He developed new techniques, applied these to the study of postmortem brains, and demonstrated that Parkinson’s disease was associated with a dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Shortly afterwards, he and Walter Birkmeyer observed how the intravenous administration of L-DOPA could awaken mute and akinetic patients with Parkinson’s disease. For the first time, a discreet chemical was both implicated in a complex brain disorder and could be used as a treatment. This stands as one of the seminal discoveries in neuropharmacology. To this day, L-DOPA remains a mainstay in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Over the following half-century Dr. Hornykiewicz continued his own work, generously mentored others and established brain banks in Vienna as well as in Toronto, Canada where he worked for many years. He received numerous awards, and was nominated for but not awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine, in a decision that has remained controversial. He will remain forever, a brilliant star in the history of neuropharmacology.
Women’s Rights and Colonization in The Short Story of The Jakarta Post
Authors: Ferdinal Ferdinal
Published: December 2020

Right after the fall of Suharto’s regime, Indonesia has undergone tremendous changes in almost all aspects of life: political, economic, social, cultural, and possibly ideological lives. The changes bring new breaths to Indonesian future, especially in the area of women’s rights. This article discusses the issue of women’s rights in Indonesia based on a textual analysis. The purpose of this writing is to investigate the representation of women’s rights issues in some stories of The Jakarta Post, one of the most popular media which has also played an important role in popularizing and spreading such issues. Postcolonial criticism is used to see how the stories portray the issues of women’s rights, particularly gender equality and marginality. To study the issues, this analysis looks at two short stories: “Gender Equality” by Iwan Setiawan and “Street Smart Mom” by Eric Musa Piliang.  The two stories represent the fact that Indonesian women fight against colonization for their rights in some different ways, as a smart wife and a poor street mother. The stories signal that Indonesian women struggle to escape from colonization through some actions such as moving forward to the center of power by maintaining superiority against men and living their lives as they wish in spite of being poor.
The Relationship Between Narcissistic Personality and Violent Behavior as Represented in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies
Authors: Said Mahwa , Rizano Gindho
Published: December 2020

This thesis explores the violent behaviour illustrated in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. It focuses on the antagonist’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) in order to reveal the motives behind his violent behaviour. The writers apply psychoanalytical theory and brings in contemporary  theories by experts in psychology in order to help better understand the psychological problems in the novel. The writers conclude that NPD and violent behaviour of the antagonist are ultimate interlinked.
Sartre’s Existentialism for Grant and Jefferson’s Educational Commitment in Ernest J. Gaines’s Novel: A Lesson Before Dying Lord of the Flies
Authors: Setyaningrum Rina Wahyu , Kurnia Fabiola Dharmawanti , Mustofa Ali
Published: December 2020

Racism and Injustice have put Jefferson, a poor young black man, into an electrocution for murder and burglary that he has never done. As a coloured, he cannot do anything than accept the defense attorney verdict – white American Supreme Court’s desegregation – who addresses him as a “hog.” It leaves an inferior feeling that he is nothing but a hog.  Comparing him to a hog attracts Miss Emma’s protest that she would like him walking to the electric chair as a human. Therefore, to get Jefferson understands that he is worth a man, she asks Grant Wiggins – an educated black teacher to educate him so he could die a man. In fact, the biggest challenge Grant faces when he looks at Jefferson is his feeling of looking at himself as a man experiencing the same type of racism and discrimination at the oppressive white community. Whereas, educating Jefferson to be a man is difficult as he has to make himself confident with his existence before determining ways of assuring Jefferson as an existing man who will walk to the electric chair on two feet, not a hog. Educating is underpinning people to have great control over lives and surroundings. Its importance deals with functioning the knowledge significant to empower. This is convincing that Jefferson should be educated so that he will not degrade himself as coloured because of his inability to say even a word to defend himself. Using the existentialism philosophy, Grant and Jefferson’s educational commitment in A Lesson Before Dying is discussed based on five themes of Sartre’s existentialism. It reveals that Grant does not get any positive response once he starts teaching. Gradually, Jefferson speaks to him after being attracted by his personal feelings. Grant’s ultimate achievement is when he can make Jefferson writes a diary, to portray some individual matters. What Grant has accomplished is his ability to link the themes, relevant to the philosophy of education. Grant succeeds in transforming Jefferson as a man who has dignity.
Transformation of representations on the normative content of morality in moral philosophy of the Early Modern Age
Authors: Prokofyev Andrey Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2020

The object of this research is the philosophical representations on the normative content of morality in their historical dynamics. Unlike its formal and functional characteristics that include objectivity, universality, priority with regards to other regulators of human behavior, the content of morality implies the general requirements and criteria for approval that form the image of a morally perfect individual and set the parameters of morally appropriate behavior. Although on the level of utmost generalizations, Western European idea of morality retains the normative content typical to the Judeo-Christian tradition; its instantiation constantly varies. The goal of this work consists in tracing the changes of such instantiation occurred in Western moral philosophy of the XVI – XVIII centuries (Early Modern Age). The indicated historical process is the subject of analysis. Research methodology suggests determination of the long-term trends in the history of normative ethics and their correlation with the socio-historical context. The analysis of sources on the topic demonstrates that understanding of ethical requirements and criteria for approval in understanding of moral philosophers of the Early Modern Age have experienced the following fundamental changes: 1)  displacement to periphery of the morality of responsibilities of moral figure before himself, 2) transition towards understanding of the good of other person through the prism of his wellbeing and opportunities for unhindered personal fulfillment, 3) emergence of correlation between responsibilities to other person and regards of his individual rights. In relation to the latter change, the three factors had crucial significance:  advancement of the idea of religious tolerance beyond the religious wars, countering the paternalistic custody by absolutist regimes, as well as the development of universal empathy based on the new forms of description of inner experience of a human. Although some conclusions acquired in evolution of the ideas of recent decades contradict to the explanation of the process of implementation of the individual rights into the moral legal discourse, which relies on the aforementioned three factors, it remains most promising according to the author.