bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Зміни антиоксидантно-прооксидантної системи та їх медикаментозна корекція при поєднанні сечокам’яної хвороби і пародонтиту
Authors: Bumbar Z. O. , Pinyazhko O. R.
Published: January 2018

Introduction. The article presents the results of biochemical studies of enzymes, intermediate and final products of prooxidant-peroxidic processes in periodontal diseases against the background of urolithiasis in the dynamics of treatment and in the aspect of the presenting of comparison of two drug regimens: standard common and developed pathogenetic.The presented data represent a fragment of the scientific and practical research performed to improve the periodontal care in patients with urolithiasis.The aim of the study – to analyze the biochemical studies performed in patients with comorbid pathology after combined pharmacotherapy. The biomaterial was studied in 60 patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases on the background of urolithiasis. Two different pharmacotherapeutic regimens were used to treat patients.Research Methods. A series of biochemical studies was carried out to objectify the results. According to the obtained data, the application of the developed treatment regimen in patients with comorbid pathology provided normalization of the antioxidant protection system in catalase parameters from 1.99±0.14 at the beginning of treatment to 1.66±0.04 after treatment and superoxidedismutase from 1.40±0, 12 to 2.10±0.07, as well as a decrease in the levels of intermediate and final products of peroxidation.Results and Discussion. The analysis of the results of the observation showed high efficiency of combined pharmacotherapy.Conclusions. Thus, according to the resulted biochemical indicators, application of standard and developed treatment regimens ensured the normalization of the activity of the enzymatic level of the antioxidant system and reduced the intensity of the oxidative processes. An analysis of the results of the studies suggests a higher efficiency of the combined pharmacotherapy, since antioxidant protection indicators in patients treated under the developed scheme, normalized faster than when administered under the traditional generally accepted protocol.
Кореляційний аналіз показників гемостазу і функціонального стану печінки за гострого калькульозного холециститу
Authors: Stepas J. M. , Lapovets L. E. , Akimova V. M. , Lebed H. B.
Published: January 2018

Introduction.Acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) is characterized by the development of certain symptoms – from the local inflammatory process to significant functional disorders in the liver. The activity of the hemostasis system is directly related to the functional state of the liver, since hepatocytes are the main site for the synthesis of most proteins, in particular the proteins of the blood coagulation system.The aim of the study – to establish the relationship between the hemostasis system and the functional state of hepatocytes in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC), uncomplicated and complicated by obstructive jaundice (OJ) using a correlation analysis.Research methods.The subject of the study was plasma and serum of 47 patients with uncomplicated АСС (group I) and 32 patients with АСС with OJ (group II). For comparison, serum and blood plasma of 25 virtually healthy individuals, who were the control group, were examined. The parameters of the hemostasis system platelet count (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), total fibrinogen concentration (TFC), soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (SFMC), antithrombin III (ATIII) and Hageman-dependent fibrinolysis activity were determined (HDF). The determination of indicators of the liver function of the catalytic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and cholinesterase (CHE) and the concentration of α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT),α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was also made.Results and Discussion. The revealed correlations allow determining the degree of conjugacy of processes. The less the number of bonds is the weaker conjugacy of processes, the more flexible becomes the system that responds to the pathological change of the internal environment. The greatest number of correlation bonds was established in the control group of patients. In patients with ACC without complications, there was a tendency to decrease the number of bonds, where α1-AT correlated most withthe investigated parameters. The reduction of the amount and the change of the structure of correlation bonds were found in patients with ACC with OJ. A new correlation between the studied parameters in this group of patients has also been established.Conclusions.The established correlation bonds in uncomplicated ACC and complicated OJ indicate the tension of the adaptive mechanisms of the hemostasis system and the functional state of the liver when the inflammatory process complicates.
Пероксидне окиснення білків стінки тонкої кишки, міокарда та печінки щурів при експериментальному застосуванні карагінану
Authors: Marushchak M. I. , Kopanitsa O. M. , Krynytska I. Ya. , Yaroshenko T. Ya.
Published: January 2018

Introduction. In the last decades, the carrageenans have become one of the most popular hydrocolloids in the food industry. In addition to the positive properties of hydrocolloids, researchers have established the relationship between the incidence of ulcerative colitis and the level of carrageenan consumption, which makes it considered as a potential etiological factor in the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.The aim of the study – to determine the level of oxidative modification of proteins of the wall of the small intestine, tissues of the heart and liver of rats using 1% κ-carrageenan solution.Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on 24 white non-linear male rats. The animals of the experimental group were provided with free access to a 1.0% of carrageenan solution for 1 month. In the selected samples of the small intestine, heart and liver was evaluated the peroxidic oxidation of proteins according to the level of their oxidation modifications products using spectrophotometry at wavelengths of 370 and 430 nm.Research Results. A significant increasing of ketone dinitrophenylhydrazones levels in the small intestine wall (by 57.0%) and in the liver (by 23.0%) and, respectively, the aldehyde dinitrophenylhydrazones levels by 47.7% and 19.1%, compared with the control values (p<0.01). In this case, the peroxide oxidation, to a greater extent, was subjected to neutral proteins. It should be noted that the peroxidic oxidation of proteins in the myocardium of the rats with carrageenan consumption, recorded at a wavelength of 370 nm, exceeded the control data by 14.3% (p<0.05).Conclusions. Oral administration of a 1% carrageenan solution in experimental animals leads to statistically significant activation statistically significant activation of peroxidation of proteins in the wall of the small intestine and the liver, whereas only the growth of neutral ketone dinitrophenylhydrazones is registered in the myocardium (p<0.05).
Influence of iodine on the indicators of lipid profile of rats’ blood of different age in experimental obesity
Authors: Kopchak N. H. , Pokotylo О. S. , Kuhtyn M. D. , Koval M. I.
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Today, obesity is an extremely common phenomenon that negatively affects on the functional state of the organism, metabolism, and this in turn leads to the increase of a number of diseases. The thyroid gland has a significant effect on lipid metabolism, and especially negative in the case of iodine deficiency in the diet, which leads to hypothyroidism. Comparative study of the effect of various iodine-derived lipid metabolism in obesity is perspective.The aim of the study – to investigate the comparative affect of biologically active iodine in the composition of “Jodis-Concentrate” and inorganic iodine (J-C) as a part of “Iodomarine” on the indicators of lipid metabolism in blood of white male rats with experimental alimentary obesity.Research Methods. The object of the study was the blood serum of white rats, and the subject – separate indicators of lipid metabolism in it. The study was conducted on 48 white male rats. Animals were divided into 3 age groups of 16 animals in each: 1st group – 1.5 months; 2nd – 2.5 months; 3rd – 5th month. In each age group there were 4 subgroups of 4 animals: 1st – control, had a typical diet; 2nd, 3rd and 4th subgroup were with experimental alimentary obesity (EAO), which was formed through the inductor food craving – the sodium salt of glutamic acid in a ratio of 0.6 : 100.0 and high-calorie diet that included standard meals (47 %), sweet condensed milk (44 %), corn oil (8 %) and vegetable starch (1 %). Daily for 45 days, animals of the 3rd subgroup received biologically active iodine in the composition of “Jodis-Concentrate” (J-C) as of 0.1 ml (0.4 mcg of iodine) per kg of body weight a day and 4th subgroup were intragastric administered in the form of inorganic iodine as potassium iodide in medicine “Iodomarin” (IM) as of 0.4 mcg of potassium iodide per kg of body weight a day. In the serum blood, the content of total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoprotein were determined.Results and Discussion. The obtained results suggest that with the help of biologically active iodine in the composition of “Jodis-Concentrate” there was a significant decrease of the content of common lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein in blood serum of males with different age than with “Iodomarin”.Conclusions. Given the effective results of the study of the hypolipidemic effect of J-C it is advisable to use it as a preventive and therapeutic agent for reducing the content of common lipids of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoproteins in the blood.
DNA Methylation and Age-Independent Cardiovascular Risk, an Epigenome-Wide Approach
Authors: Fernández-Sanlés Alba , Sayols-Baixeras Sergi , Curcio Santiago , Subirana Isaac , Marrugat Jaume , Elosua Roberto
Published: January 2018

Objective—

The objectives of this study were to decipher whether age-independent cardiovascular risk is associated with DNA methylation at 5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′ (CpG) level and to determine whether these differential methylation signatures are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events.

Approach and Results—

We designed a 2-stage, cross-sectional, epigenome-wide association study. Age-independent cardiovascular risk calculation was based on vascular age and on the residuals of the relationship between age and cardiovascular risk. Blood DNA methylomes from 2 independent populations were profiled using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. The discovery stage of these studies was performed in the REGICOR cohort (REgistre GIroní del COR; n=645). Next, we validated the initial findings in the Framingham Offspring Study (n=2542). Eight CpGs located in 4 genes (
AHRR
,
CPT1A
,
PPIF
, and
SBNO2
) and 3 intergenic regions showed differential methylation in association with age-independent cardiovascular risk (
P
≤1.17×10
−7
). These CpGs explained 12.01% to 15.16% of the variability of age-independent cardiovascular risk in REGICOR and 7.51% to 8.53% in Framingham Offspring Study. Four of them were only related to smoking, 3 were related to smoking and body mass index, and 1 to diabetes mellitus, triglycerides levels, and body mass index (
P
≤7.81×10
−4
). In addition, we developed methylation risk scores based on these CpGs and observed an association between these scores and cardiovascular disease incidence (hazard ratio=1.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.16–1.51).

Conclusions—

Age-independent cardiovascular risk was related to different DNA methylation profiles, with 8 CpGs showing differential methylation patterns. Most of these CpGs were associated with smoking, and 3 of them were also related to body mass index. Risk scores based on these differential methylation patterns were associated with cardiovascular events and could be useful predictive indices.
Pathophysiology of Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Antoine Clemence , Mantovani Francesca , Benfari Giovanni , Mankad Sunil V. , Maalouf Joseph F. , Michelena Hector I. , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice
Published: January 2018

Despite its high prevalence, little is known about mechanisms of mitral regurgitation in degenerative mitral valve disease apart from the leaflet prolapse itself. Mitral valve is a complex structure, including mitral annulus, mitral leaflets, papillary muscles, chords, and left ventricular walls. All these structures are involved in physiological and pathological functioning of this valvuloventricular complex but up to now were difficult to analyze because of inherent limitations of 2-dimensional imaging. The advent of 3-dimensional echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging overcoming these limitations provides new insights into mechanistic analysis of degenerative mitral regurgitation. This review will detail the contribution of quantitative and qualitative dynamic analysis of mitral annulus and mitral leaflets by new imaging methods in the understanding of degenerative mitral regurgitation pathophysiology.
A New Secretory Peptide of Natriuretic Peptide Family, Osteocrin, Suppresses the Progression of Congestive Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Miyazaki Takahiro , Otani Kentaro , Chiba Ayano , Nishimura Hirohito , Tokudome Takeshi , Takano-Watanabe Haruko , Matsuo Ayaka , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Shimamoto Keiko , Fukui Hajime , Kanai Yugo , Yasoda Akihiro , Ogata Soshiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Minamino Naoto , Mochizuki Naoki
Published: January 2018

Rationale:

An increase of severe ischemic heart diseases results in an increase of the patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Therefore, new therapies are expected in addition to recanalization of coronary arteries. Previous clinical trials using natriuretic peptides (NPs) prove the improvement of CHF by NPs.

Objective:

We aimed at investigating whether OSTN (osteocrin) peptide potentially functioning as an NPR (NP clearance receptor) 3-blocking peptide can be used as a new therapeutic peptide for treating CHF after myocardial infarction (MI) using animal models.

Methods and Results:

We examined the effect of OSTN on circulation using 2 mouse models; the continuous intravenous infusion of OSTN after MI and the OSTN-transgenic (Tg) mice with MI. In vitro studies revealed that OSTN competitively bound to NPR3 with atrial NP. In both OSTN–continuous intravenous infusion model and OSTN-Tg model, acute inflammation within the first week after MI was reduced. Moreover, both models showed the improvement of prognosis at 28 days after MI by OSTN. Consistent with the in vitro study binding of OSTN to NPR3, the OSTN-Tg exhibited an increased plasma atrial NP and C-type NP, which might result in the improvement of CHF after MI as indicated by the reduced weight of hearts and lungs and by the reduced fibrosis.

Conclusions:

OSTN might suppress the worsening of CHF after MI by inhibiting clearance of NP family peptides.
Crustacean zooplankton communities in Chiloé Island coastal lakes (42°S, Chile)
Authors: De los Ríos Escalante Patricio R. , Kies Fatima
Published: January 2018

The lakes of Chiloé Island have a high dissolved organic carbon concentration (known as “humic”) and show a connection with brackish water. They also display a high species richness of crustacean zooplankton. The aim of the present study is to characterize the potential factors that explain crustacean species richness in Chiloé Island lakes. To that purpose parameters of the abiotic environment were determined. The results of PCA performed on those data revealed the existence of three lakes with high crustacean species richness that are relatively deep, show high nitrogen concentrations, and are located at relatively high altitude. In contrast, there are two lakes with low species richness, high mineral concentration, and situated at low altitude. One of these lowland lakes gives rise to a river effluent to the sea, and it is connected to the other lake; these observations agree with the results of a performed cluster analysis. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence null model analysis revealed the absence of regulator patterns in species associations, which could be explained to the fact that many of the species occur in most of the lakes. These results are markedly different in comparison to Patagonian lakes of Argentina and Chile that have a low crustacean species number.
Two new species of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) with entire leaves from Panama and Costa Rica
Authors: ZULUAGA ALEJANDRO , CAMERON KENNETH M.
Published: January 2018

The genus Monstera (Araceae) has a history of problematic taxonomy due to the large number of existing names, their incorrect application, and prevalence of incomplete herbarium specimens. Recent field exploration and study of herbarium collections has led to the discovery of several new species of Monstera, especially in Central America. Here we describe Monstera anomala and M. integrifolia, two new species from Panama and Costa Rica with entire, non-fenestrate mature leaves.
Flowering in darkness: a new species of subterranean orchid Rhizanthella (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae; Diurideae) from Western Australia
Authors: DIXON KINGSLEY W. , CHRISTENHUSZ MAARTEN J. M.
Published: January 2018

Few plants are so cryptic as the underground orchids, Rhizanthella Rogers (1928: 1), of Australia. Unlike the species on the eastern seaboard of Australia, the Western Australian species spend their entire life cycle, including flowering, below the soil surface (only rarely with the tips of the bracts showing), making them unique among orchids and indeed, among flowering plants generally (Brown et al. 2013). Discovery in 1928 of the first underground orchid in Western Australia was an international sensation where the plant was described as ‘a remarkable subterranean orchid’ (Wilson 1929). The new taxon described in this paper resolves the enigmatic, disjunct distribution of Rhizanthella in Western Australia, where there was thought to be a central and southern node of a single species, R. gardneri Rogers (1928: 1).
Paronychia sanchez-vegae (Caryophyllaceae), a new woody species of Paronychia from North Peru
Authors: MONTESINOS-TUBÉE DANIEL B. , CANO ASUNCIÓN , GARCÍA-LLATAS LUIS F. , JU YINGZI , KOOL ANNELEEN
Published: January 2018

As part of botanical expeditions in the Amazonas region of North Peru, we found plants from the Central Andes (North Peru). Based on morphology and molecular data, the Peruvian population was described and illustrated here as a new species for Science, named Paronychia sanchez-vegae. The new species is compared with its most likely closest relative, P. andina from which differs by the larger size, its woody ramified stems, the glabrous leaf surface, shorter leaf size, shorter flowers and larger size of the ovary.
Роль картотеки «портретів слів» в укладанні словників нового покоління
Authors: Карпіловська [Karpilovs'ka] Євгенія [IEvheniia] Анатоліївна [Anatoliïvna]
Published: January 2018

The role of “portraits of words” card index in the compiling of new generation dictionariesThe article presents the concept of “portraits of words” card index as a necessary tool of the analysis of language changes for the compiling of dictionaries of new generation. Such card index contains information not only about the use of words in the texts of various functional styles, time, subject and purpose, but also about their systemic characteristics: paradigmatic, syntagmatic and epidigmatic (derivational and associative). The information about a word gathered in the card index of this type serves as guidelines for its verification in the corpus as well as in the various text databases, including online resources. It allows to check the use of new words, their spelling variations, development of their semantics, the course of their competition with other nominations of the same realities, processes or attributes in the texts. A “portraits of words” card index, as juxtaposed with the corpus and texts, signals the need to supplement the corpus with certain types of texts, as well as the need to change the annotation of its texts. This enables the preparation of verified materials for the compiling of new generation dictionaries. Rola kartoteki „portretów słów” w tworzeniu słowników nowej generacjiW artykule przedstawiono koncepcję kartoteki „portretów słów” jako narzędzia analizy zmian językowych niezbędnego przy tworzeniu słowników nowego pokolenia. Kartoteka taka mieści w sobie informacje nie tylko o tym, jak słowo używane jest w tekstach o różnych stylach funkcjonalnych, z różnych okresów, o różnej tematyce i różnym przeznaczeniu, lecz także o jego charakterystykach systemowych: paradygmatycznych, syntagmatycznych i epidygmatycznych (słowotwórczych i asocjacyjnych). Informacje na temat słowa zgromadzone w takiej kartotece będą służyć jako swego rodzaju punkty orientacyjne przy weryfikacji występowania danego wyrazu w korpusie i bazach tekstów, zwłaszcza w internecie. Informacje te dają możliwość przeprowadzania porównań z tekstami pod kątem występowania nowych słów, wariantów ich pisowni, rozwoju ich semantyki, przebiegu ich konkurencji z innymi sposobami opisu tych samych realiów, procesów czy cech. Kartoteka tego rodzaju, w zestawieniu z korpusem i tekstami, sygnalizuje konieczność uzupełnienia korpusu o pewne rodzaje tekstów, a także potrzebę zmiany oznaczeń umieszczonych w korpusie tekstów – a tym samym pozwala na przygotowanie zweryfikowanego materiału wyjściowego do tworzenia słowników nowego pokolenia.
Czasowniki mentalne i czasowniki emocji w opisie semantyczno-syntaktycznym
Authors: Korytkowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2018

Mental and emotional verbs in semantic and syntactic descriptionThe main issue of this article concerns relations between the semantic plane of the sentence, which is presented by means of notions of predicate argument structure, and the plane of formal realisation of this structure. The existing attitudes to the studied verb classes are presented. Then rules governing the model of description used are specified (the article has been written within an elaborate scientific grant concerning Bulgarian, Polish and Russian). Obligatory semantic features of both classes are pointed out, followed by an elaboration on the scope of analysis of semantic and syntactic phenomena. This scope is determined by basic semantic sentence categories on which comparative, including contrastive, research is based. Drawing on examples of particular units studied, I then discuss the effectiveness of the analysis which enables comparing differences between sets of sentence structures allowable for each class studied. Those differences stem from semantic differences typical of those classes. Czasowniki mentalne i czasowniki emocji w opisie semantyczno-syntaktycznymTematyka artykułu dotyczy relacji między płaszczyzną semantyczną zdania, ujętą w terminach struktury predykatowo-argumentowej, a płaszczyzną realizacji formalnej tej struktury. Zarysowane zostały dotychczasowe podejścia do opisu badanych klas czasowników oraz sprecyzowano ustalenia dotyczące zastosowanego w artykule modelu opisu (artykuł powstał w związku z realizacją obszernego grantu dotyczącego języka bułgarskiego, polskiego i rosyjskiego). Wskazano obligatoryjne dla obu klas cechy semantyczne oraz scharakteryzowano zakres analizy zjawisk semantyczno-składniowych. Zakres ten wyznaczają podstawowe semantyczne kategorie zdaniowe, których badanie stanowi podstawę dla porównań, także porównań konfrontatywnych. Zaprezentowane zostały przykłady opracowania wybranych jednostek oraz wskazana skuteczność analizy, która pozwala ukazać różnice między zbiorami dopuszczalnych dla każdej z badanych klas struktur zdaniowych. Różnice te wynikają z charakteryzujących te klasy różnic semantycznych.
Wyrazy z interfiksem -ø- (formantem zerowym) w języku serbskim (analiza słowotwórczo-semantyczna)
Authors: Ratković Dragana M.
Published: January 2018

Words with the interfix -ø- (the zero interfix) in the Serbian languageThe work represents a derivational and semantic analysis of the words with the zero interfix in the contemporary Serbian language in accordance with the conceptual and terminological apparatus of modern Slavic derivatology. The author argues that the zero interfix, as the differentia specifica of compound words, occurred in the Serbian language very early – at the end of the 12th century and is currently very productive because of how economical the lexemes thus created are. In modern Serbian, new words of this type appear by way of borrowing from other languages, primarily from the English language (e.g., pank-moda, boks-meč, pres-centar etc.). Wyrazy z interfiksem -ø- (formant zerowy) w języku serbskim (analiza słowotwórczo-semantyczna)Praca stanowi słowotwórczo-semantyczną analizę wyrazów z interfiksem zerowym we współczesnym języku serbskim zgodnie z pojęciowoterminologicznym aparatem współczesnego słowotwórstwa slawistycznego. Autorka wskazuje również na to, że zerowy interfiks, jako differentia specifica wyrazów powstałych przez złożenie, w języku serbskim pojawia się bardzo wcześnie – istnieje już w końcu XII wieku. Aktualnie model słowotwórczy wyrazów z interfiksem zerowym jest niezwykle produktywny ze względu na ekonomiczność leksemów tego typu. We współczesnym języku pojawiają się one przede wszystkim za sprawą zapożyczeń z innych języków, głównie z angielskiego (np. pank-moda, boks-meč, pres-centar itd.).
Sprawozdanie z konferencji "Symposium etymologicum. Śladami myśli etymologicznej"
Authors: Pogwizd Szymon
Published: January 2018

Report from the conference Symposium etymologicum. Tracing etymological thoughtThe article is a report from the conference Symposium etymologicum. Śladami myśli etymologicznej (Symposium etymologicum. Tracing etymological thought), which was held in Kraków on 27–29 May 2016. The Symposium etymologicum is a recurring international conference focusing on diachronic linguistics and especially etymology, a part of a series of etymological conferences organized under the auspices of the Etymological Commission of the International Committee of Slavists. The May 2016 Symposium, aside its usual goal of allowing for exchange of views between representative of various linguistics institutions, aimed to honour the memory of the prominent Slavist and etymologist – a full member of the Committee on Linguistics of the Polish Academy of Sciences – Professor Franciszek Sławski on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth. Sprawozdanie z konferencji Symposium etymologicum. Śladami myśli etymologicznejArtykuł stanowi sprawozdanie z konferencji Symposium etymologicum. Śladami myśli etymologicznej, która odbyła się w Krakowie w dniach 27–29 maja 2016 roku. Symposium etymologicum to międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa o profilu diachronicznym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem etymologii, wchodząca w cykl konferencji etymologicznych organizowanych pod patronatem Komisji Etymologicznej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów. Symposium z maja 2016 roku, poza celem merytorycznym, czyli wymianą poglądów między reprezentantami różnych ośrodków językoznawczych, miało również uczcić pamięć wybitnego slawisty i etymologa – członka rzeczywistego Komitetu Językoznawstwa PAN – prof. dr. hab. Franciszka Sławskiego w stulecie jego urodzin.
Heat Stress Changes over East Asia under 1.5° and 2.0°C Global Warming Targets
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Min Seung-Ki
Published: January 2018

This study provides a first quantification of possible benefits of global warming mitigation through heat stress reduction over East Asia by comparing projection results between low-emission and high-emission scenarios, as well as between 1.5° and 2.0°C target temperature conditions. Future changes in summer heat stress over East Asia were examined based on the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) using CMIP5 multimodel simulations. Changes in the intensity, frequency, and duration of heat stress were analyzed in terms of area fraction across RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios and also between two selected model groups representing 1.5°- and 2.0°C-warmer worlds. Severe heat stress, exceeding the 50-yr return value of the present-day period, is expected to become very frequent, occurring every second year over the large part of East Asia by the 2040s, irrespective of RCP scenarios. The frequency of extreme daily heat stress events is predicted to increase in a similar speed of expansion, with signals emerging from the low latitudes. The WBGT signal emergence is found to be much faster than that of corresponding temperature alone due to the smaller variability in WBGT, supporting previous findings. The 1.5°C-warmer world would have about 20% reduction in areas experiencing severe heat stress over East Asia, compared to the 2.0°C-warmer world, with significant changes identified over the low latitudes. Further, compared to the transient world, the equilibrium world exhibits larger increases in heat stress over East Asia, likely due to the warmer ocean surface in the northwestern North Pacific. This suggests an important role of ocean warming patterns in the regional assessment of global warming mitigation.
Salinity Trends within the Upper Layers of the Subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Tesdal Jan-Erik , Abernathey Ryan P. , Goes Joaquim I. , Gordon Arnold L. , Haine Thomas W. N.
Published: January 2018

Examination of a range of salinity products collectively suggests widespread freshening of the North Atlantic from the mid-2000s to the present. Monthly salinity fields reveal negative trends that differ in magnitude and significance between western and eastern regions of the North Atlantic. These differences can be attributed to the large negative interannual excursions in salinity in the western subpolar gyre and the Labrador Sea, which are not apparent in the central or eastern subpolar gyre. This study demonstrates that temporal trends in salinity in the northwest (including the Labrador Sea) are subject to mechanisms that are distinct from those responsible for the salinity trends in the central and eastern North Atlantic. In the western subpolar gyre a negative correlation between near-surface salinity and the circulation strength of the subpolar gyre suggests that negative salinity anomalies are connected to an intensification of the subpolar gyre, which is causing increased flux of freshwater from the East Greenland Current and subsequent transport into the Labrador Sea during the melting season. Analyses of sea surface wind fields suggest that the strength of the subpolar gyre is linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation– and Arctic Oscillation–driven changes in wind stress curl in the eastern subpolar gyre. If this trend of decreasing salinity continues, it has the potential to enhance water column stratification, reduce vertical fluxes of nutrients, and cause a decline in biological production and carbon export in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Trois Seshemnefer Et Trente-Six Domaines
Authors: Delvaux Luc , Warmenbol Eugène
Published: January 2018

The tomb of Seshemnefer-Heba in Saqqara was excavated in 1860 by Mariette. Only the false-door was published, and allegedly transferred to the Cairo Museum, while the reliefs decorating the chapel were reburied. These resurfaced as separate blocks in private collections in the 1960s. A remarkable addition to the series is a block from the north wall seen in a Belgian collection, showing six female personifications of estates.

This new discovery makes it very probable that there were originally 36 estates represented in the mastaba of Seshemnefer-Heba. It also appears that the number 36 is a recurring and significant one, to be found in other tombs, mainly dating from the reign of Djedkare-Isesi, who subjected Egypt to extensive administrative reforms. It is clear that there were already 42 nomes by then, so the 36 estates probably correspond to an ideal and not a real geography: with 36 estates the deceased could have access to all the means of the country.
La Population MRT: Une Approche du Problème de la Servitude Dans L'Egypte du IIIe Millénaire (I)
Authors: Garcia Juan Carlos Moreno
Published: January 2018

Mrt-people are well attested in Egyptian sources from the third millennium bc. Usually considered as serfs, a careful examination of texts and titles reveals nevertheless that mrt was the term applied to Egyptians assigned to the periodical compulsory work ordered by the state. The scope of their activities was focused on agricultural labour, and some titles and decrees from the Old Kingdom suggest that they were deeply involved in the foundation of new domains on unproductive land. Finally, as they usually came from peasant communities and from the lower class, mrt-people were sometimes put on a par with similar sections of the Egyptian population, like the rḫjjt-people. In any case, they should not be considered as serfs.
A Funerary Mask in Durham and Mummy Adornment in the Late Second Intermediate Period and Early Eighteenth Dynasty
Authors: Dodson Aidan
Published: January 2018

The publication of a mummy mask of the early Eighteenth Dynasty in the Oriental Museum, University of Durham. It is discussed in relation to several other masks datable to the period from the Seventeenth Dynasty through to the earlier years of the New Kingdom.
Un Monument D'Originalité
Authors: Perdu Olivier
Published: January 2018

First publication of a private statue of a kneeling man named Pairkap, son of Ankhef(en)khonsu and Khausuenaset. The monument probably dates of the Twenty-ninth Dynasty and comes from the great temple of Bubastis where its owner held two priesthoods: it-ntr imy hrw.f and ḥry sštȝ Sḫt-ntr. In addition to a wish for its remaining in position, this statue bears a very original appeal to the priests with allusions to local religious conceptions, especially those concerning the dangerous aspect of the mistress of the city.
Zu Einem Scheinbar Enigmatischen Epitheton Eines Meisterschiachters aus dem Späten Alten Reich
Authors: Morenz Ludwig D.
Published: January 2018

Reinterpretation of a supposed crytogrphic group in an inscription of the Sixth Dynasty as standard orthography for wdpw = s, ‘its (= the slaughterhouse's) butler’.
A First Acolyte of Amun
Authors: Thomson James K.
Published: January 2018

Publication of a votive statuette fragment from Deir el Bahri bearing the title imy-st-' tpy n 'I[mn]. There seems to be no evidence to support the possibility of a grading of such officials as implied by the qualifying tpy. The general inadequacy of the term ‘acolyte’ to describe the role of those who held that position within the Egyptian priesthood is apparent.
The National Museums of Scotland Saqqara Survey Project, Earth Sciences 1990–1998
Authors: Mathieson Ian , Bettles Elizabeth , Dittmer Jon , Reader Colin
Published: January 2018

The National Museums of Scotland are engaged in producing an up-to-date archaeological and subsurface geophysical map of an interesting and little explored area of the necropolis of Memphis at Saqqara. The area comprises the Gisr el-Mudir (also known as the ‘Great Enclosure’) at the southern boundary, the open valley between the Sekhemkhet complex and the Gisr el-Mudir stretching north to the Serapeum and containing the L-shaped enclosure at the Old Kingdom tombs around the mastaba of Ptahhotep, the area of the Serapeum and its dependencies, and the valley to the north-west of the Sacred Animal complex down to the edge of the remnant lake at Abusir in the north. The geology, topography, structural details, techniques and instruments for geophysical prospection, methods of interpretation and results of our research are described and discussed. The conclusions draw on the significance of our work using geophysical prospection methods and sondage trenches to find the best solution for archaeological work in desert conditions.
The Names of Hatshepsut as King
Authors: Robins Gay
Published: January 2018

Although for most of her reign Hatshepsut was depicted with the traditional image of a male king, the names that she used as king were formed with grammatically feminine participles, thus openly acknowledging her female status. In addition, these names were deliberately constructed to incorporate references to goddesses, references that were probably intended to allude to Hatshepsut's divine aspect as king and to reinforce the legitimacy of her rule. The inclusion of these divine references was only possible because of the feminine participles used, and this type of wordplay is not, therefore, found in the names of male kings.
A New Bilingual Fragment from the British Museum (Papyrus Bm Ea 69574)
Authors: Quack Joachim Friedrich
Published: January 2018

Publication of the Late Period papyrus BM EA 69574. The text is highly remarkable for being laid out in verse-lines, each containing a Middle Egyptian and an early demotic (in hieratic script) version of the same text. Several general remarks on the grammar are included, especially concerning the vernacular version and its value in elucidating Middle Egyptian phenomena. The contents of the fragments are difficult to clarify. In general, they point towards a sort of ‘sapiental' composition in dialogue form. While the setting among herdsmen is clear, a connection with the youthful Horus remains more speculative.
More Fragments of the Book of the Dead of Padinemty
Authors: Leahy Anthony
Published: January 2018

A brief notice of the appearance on the antiquities market of more fragments of the Book of the Dead papyrus of a ‘king' Padinemty (the existence of which was first reported by R. Weill in BIFAO 49 (1950), 57-65, with pl. I) is followed by discussion of the significance of the papyrus.
“Harvesting” through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs): The Implications of Underpricing for the Small Firm
Authors: Prasad Dev , Vozikis George S. , Bruton Garry D. , Merikas Andreas
Published: January 2018

The existence of the phenomenon of “underpricing” has been well established for common stock initial public offerings (CSIPOs). However, the extent of underpricing varies from firm to firm. An examination of the prospectuses of different firms reveals that the motivation for going public varies, and that there are three types of offerings: pure primary offerings; pure secondary offerings; and mixed offerings. This study compares the average level of underpricing for pure primary offerings with that of mixed offerings for small firms in the over-the counter (OTC) capital market. The results of the study suggest that there are Implications of the type of offering for both the firm and the selling “harvesting” shareholders as well as the incoming investors.
The Internationalization of New High-Potential U.S. Ventures: Antecedents and Outcomes
Authors: Bloodgood James M. , Sapienza Harry J. , Almeida James G.
Published: January 2018

This study examined the antecedents and outcomes of the internationalization of 61 new high-potential ventures in the U.S. The results indicate that internationalization is directly related to the use of product differentiation as a source of competitive advantage, the international work experience of the board of directors, and size at the point of the IPO. The use of low cost, product differentiation, or innovation as a source of competitive advantage, and size at the point of the IPO were directly related to sales growth in the two-year period following the IPO. Finally, the level of Internationalization at the time of the IPO is positively related to earnings two years later.
Program Evaluation and the Venture Development Program at the University of Calgary: A Research Note
Authors: Chrisman James J.
Published: January 2018

This study was designed to evaluate the programs offered by the Venture Development Group of the University of Calgary and to discuss the manner in which program evaluations are conducted. Results show that clients of the program have (1) grown faster than the average business in Alberta, (2) perceive that the program has added value to their ventures, (3) believe the programs have met most of their expectations, and (4) often implement the advice received. Discussion of program evaluation indicates that issues of causality, generalization, control measures, nonresponse bias, and evaluator bias are among the most pressing issues that must be addressed in designing more effective impact studies.
Time, Growth, Complexity, and Transitions: Entrepreneurial Challenges for the Future
Authors: Slevin Dennis P. , Covin Jeffrey G.
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a model that depicts the relationships between time, complexity, and transitions in the context of high-growth new ventures or stable ventures that have been forced into radical change as a consequence of environmental conditions. This model treats time as an unrelenting driving force that requires organizational change and adaptation. Key parameters affecting transitions needed by successful organizations are explored, as are the rates at which these changes are accomplished. It is proposed that managers should seek to minimize overall transition time by making any required quantum changes to the organizational system quickly. Such changes are argued to best ensure the rapid reestablishment of viable organizational gestaits.
The human IL-15 superagonist ALT-803 directs SIV-specific CD8+ T cells into B-cell follicles
Authors: Webb Gabriela M. , Li Shengbin , Mwakalundwa Gwantwa , Folkvord Joy M. , Greene Justin M. , Reed Jason S. , Stanton Jeffery J. , Legasse Alfred W. , Hobbs Theodore , Martin Lauren D. , Park Byung S. , Whitney James B. , Jeng Emily K. , Wong Hing C. , Nixon Douglas F. , Jones R. Brad , Connick Elizabeth , Skinner Pamela J. , Sacha Jonah B.
Published: January 2018

Key Points

IL-15 superagonist sends antiviral CD8 T cells to B-cell follicles, which typically exclude them.
A perspective on multi‐target drug discovery and design for complex diseases
Authors: Ramsay Rona R. , Popovic‐Nikolic Marija R. , Nikolic Katarina , Uliassi Elisa , Bolognesi Maria Laura
Published: January 2018

Diseases of infection, of neurodegeneration (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), and of malignancy (cancers) have complex and varied causative factors. Modern drug discovery has the power to identify potential modulators for multiple targets from millions of compounds. Computational approaches allow the determination of the association of each compound with its target before chemical synthesis and biological testing is done. These approaches depend on the prior identification of clinically and biologically validated targets. This Perspective will focus on the molecular and computational approaches that underpin drug design by medicinal chemists to promote understanding and collaboration with clinical scientists.
High-Throughput Architecture for Discovering Combination Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Gianni Matt , Qin Yong , Wenes Geert , Bandstra Becca , Conley Anthony P. , Subbiah Vivek , Leibowitz-Amit Raya , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan , Grimm Elizabeth A. , Roszik Jason
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The amount of available next-generation sequencing data of tumors, in combination with relevant molecular and clinical data, has significantly increased in the last decade and transformed translational cancer research. Even with the progress made through data-sharing initiatives, there is a clear unmet need for easily accessible analyses tools. These include capabilities to efficiently process large sequencing database projects to present them in a straightforward and accurate way. Another urgent challenge in cancer research is to identify more effective combination therapies.

Methods

We have created a software architecture that allows the user to integrate and analyze large-scale sequencing, clinical, and other datasets for efficient prediction of potential combination drug targets. This architecture permits predictions for all genes pairs; however, Food and Drug Administration-approved agents are currently lacking for most of the identified gene targets.

Results

By applying this approach, we performed a comprehensive study and analyzed all possible combination partners and identified potentially synergistic target pairs for 38 approved targets currently in clinical use. We further showed which genes could be synergistic prediction markers and potential targets with MAPK/ERK inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma. Moreover, we integrated a graph analytics technique in this architecture to identify pathways that could be targeted synergistically to enhance the efficacy of certain therapeutics in cancer.

Conclusion

The architecture and the results presented provide a foundation for discovering effective combination therapeutics.
Variability of Late-Night Salivary Cortisol in Cushing Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sandouk Zahrae , Johnston Philip , Bunch Dustin , Wang Sihe , Bena James , Hamrahian Amir , Kennedy Laurence
Published: January 2018

Background

The frequency of variable hormonogenesis in patients with Cushing disease (CD) but without cyclical symptoms is unclear.

Aim

To assess the frequency of variable hormonogenesis in patients presenting with CD.

Methods

Over a 6-month period, patients with confirmed or suspected CD provided late-night salivary samples for up to 42 consecutive nights.

Results

Of 19 patients confirmed to have CD, 16 provided at least 7 consecutive salivary samples, and 13 provided at least 21; these 16 patients are the subjects of this report. Twelve patients had at least three peak and two trough levels of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) but in only two patients were strict criteria for cyclical hormonogenesis fulfilled; variation was assessed as random in the others. Eight patients had de novo CD, and eight had recurrent/persistent disease. All patients with recurrent/persistent CD had two or more normal results, and in four of these patients, >50% of LNSC were normal. In six patients with de novo disease with at least one normal LNSC level, the maximum levels ranged from 1.55 to 15.5 times the upper limit of normal.

Conclusions

Extreme fluctuations of cortisol production, measured by sequential LNSC, are common in CD. In newly diagnosed disease, this may only occasionally impair diagnostic ability, whereas in most patients with recurrent/persistent disease after pituitary surgery, LNSC is frequently within the reference range, with potential to cause diagnostic problems.