bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instituciones eclesiásticas y crédito en Antioquia, siglo XVIII
Authors: Marulanda Restrepo Juan Sebastián
Published: July 2016

En el marco de una sociedad minera y agraria, y en ausencia de establecimientos bancarios de carácter comercial, las instituciones piadosas, amparadas por la Iglesia Católica, se convirtieron en una fuente importante de recursos crediticios. Este texto presentará, en primer lugar, las clases de instituciones piadosas involucradas. En segundo lugar, las esferas económicas de la provincia de Antioquia que, en el siglo XVIII, se vieron beneficiadas con la inversión de esos recursos. Esta información puede ser encontrada en protocolos de escribanos coloniales.
Validación de la Escala de Apreciación de Agencia de Autocuidado (ASA) para Costa Rica, para población con enfermedad crónica
Authors: Leiva Díaz Viriam , Cubillo Vargas Kenneth , Porras Gutiérrez Yuliany , Ramírez Villegas Tatiana , Sirias Wong Isabel
Published: July 2016

Introducción. Este artículo presenta los resultados del proceso de validación de apariencia, contenido y consistencia interna de la segunda versión en español de la escala ASA con población adulta costarricense con enfermedad crónica. La teoría de autocuidado desarrollada por Dorothea Orem (1983) acuña el término de la agencia de autocuidado, definida como: “la capacidad de participar en el autocuidado” (p.112), el cual ha sido el fundamento  de instrumentos a nivel internacional como la escala de Ejercicio de Agencia de Autocuidado. Método. Fue un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y psicométrico, realizado con una muestra de 106 personas.Resultado. En la prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) dio un índice de 0,65 dato aceptable; la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett resultó estadísticamente significativa con un valor de p<0,000; 276 gl y un Chi2 de 563,9. De igual forma el estudio factorial mediante el método ACP con rotación Varimax sugirió el análisis con 5 ejes factoriales que explicaron el 56,76% de la varianza total. El Alfa de Cronbach fue 0,84 (84%) lo que significa que el total de los ítems que contempla la escala logran medir un mismo concepto o se correlacionan positivamente.Conclusión: Se logró afirmar que el instrumento cuenta con una adecuada validez de contenido, con propiedades psicométricas válidas y adecuadas, además se demostró una alta confiabilidad.
New locality records and range extensions for several threatened species of Odonata in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanapala Amila P. , Podduwage Divanka R. , Dayananda Salindra K.
Published: July 2016

Sri Lanka is a tropical island nation with a rich Odonata fauna. About 50% of the recorded species from the country are currently known to be threatened with extinction at the national level. Many threatened species and newly discovered Odonata species in Sri Lanka lack reliable faunistic data, which is highly important for proper conservation assessments. An ongoing island wide Odonata survey was conducted opportunistically using visual encounter surveys that resulted in faunistic observations for over 80% of known species. We report 24 faunistic observations that result in range extensions for 10 species threatened with extinction, according to the findings of this ongoing survey. These records provide a better understanding of the current distribution of species, thus providing valuable information for future conservation assessments.
Situational On Call Survival (SOS) Guide - qualitative assessment of a novel peer induction initiative
Authors: Lane Victoria , White Jemma , Lane Mark
Published: July 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. BackgroundIn the UK there is a 6% increase in the mortality of emergency patients in the week following 'Black Wednesday'. On this day, there is an abrupt change in the dynamic of medical teams; medical students become Foundation Year 1 doctors (FY1s) and existing junior doctors step up a grade in seniority. Attempts have been made to develop induction initiatives to better prepare FY1 doctors for their new role.Methods FY1 focus groups noted a lack of dedicated teaching in existing induction programmes from the unique perspective of a FY1. To address this, the SOS Guide was developed; a one day course, created and taught exclusively by FY1s for FY1s. The course has been delivered five times, in four hospitals, over two consecutive years to 175 FY1 doctors. Cascade teaching was employed to recruit and support tutor teams of FY1s to create their own hospital specific SOS Guide. All attendees completed pre/post-course questionnaires.ResultsQualitative questionnaire feedback demonstrated high satisfaction and a significant average increase of 26.8% (95% CI:2.25-3.11, p=<0.0001) in the average confidence levels of FY1 attendees.ConclusionThis innovative initiative should continue to be developed in order to maximise benefits to FY1s; students and teachers alike.
DISCOURSE OF POWER AND DISCOURSE OF MASSES IN MODERN PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: CULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS DIMENSIONS
Authors: Karpenko S. R.
Published: July 2016

The aim of the paper is the identification of anthropological content of the power and mass discourses in contemporary social transformations. The theme of philosophical and anthropological meaning of discourse communication between mass and power in post-modern society acquires the significant relevance because of technologization of the governance processes and transformation of previously sacred power as a set of standard procedures. Methodology of the paper consists on the disclosure of cultural peculiarities and substantial forms of power discourse and mass discourse properties in major directions of philosophical anthropology of middle XX and at the beginning of the XXI century. Scientific novelty. The directions of the institutional sense expression in the discourse of power supply are disclosed and the process of mixing power and management and representative anthropology is fixed. The biological, cultural and religious levels of displaying the anthropological significance discourse of power are identified. The definition is given to the anthropic content of discursive power of speech activities and methods and philosophical reflection of the discursive self-expression of powerful masses. The specificity of the interaction of power and mass discourses of national and universal semantic spaces are defined. In conclusions it is indicated that the anthropic space of the contemporary mass human is narrowing significantly, because the individuals’ participation in technology of society management is finally excluded. On this basis even the key aspect of mass discourse breaks – the mass narrations about the power, because the power performs the direct intervention in the mass discourse structure of sense-creation by the way of suggestion.
SOCIETY OF KNOWLEDGES AS SPACE OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECT OF PERSONALITY
Authors: Moskalyk G.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. In the article the author analyzes the history of the formation of the concept of "knowledge society", stressed the ambiguity of the category "knowledge". We consider the views of various researchers on topics studied question, their difference and contradiction, analyzed the degree of research scholars of the subject. The author of the article pays attention to the integrity and consistency – logical properties of the educational process. The concept of "resources", "intellectual resources". Proven strategic resources of building a "knowledge society" are creativity and intellectual development. Methodology. The author in the publication examines the concept of intelligence, its nature from the perspective of the intellect of the person. Reviewed and defined the essence of the new paradigm of education – "Education throughout life", and the element of the new educational paradigm is the concept of fundamentalization of education. The scientific novelty. The analysis of the conceptual apparatus, the formation of a new educational paradigm. Conclusions. After consideration of all factors and reasons, the author concludes that the scope for the functioning and deployment of intelligence of the individual is the knowledge society.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIALLY CREATED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Gensitskiy Yu. D.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. Understanding the philosophical and anthropological importance of the development the artificial intelligence systems requires the analysis of the socio and anthropological content of intercomputer problems of interaction in the context of media philosophical praxis, anthropological maintenance of intellect nature, considering the specifics of the concept of artificial intelligence systems in the environment of M2M development of socio-cognitive practices of intercomputer interaction of social and humanitarian potential. Methodology. The implementation target is seen in the use of scientific and theoretical basis of the media philosophical, philosophical anthropology, the media philosophical approach to understanding society, science and technology, the use of publications on selected topics of research. Scientific novelty. The concept of artificial intelligence systems in the aspect of social and humanitarian potential of their formation and development in the environment of M2M was considered. The problems of machine learning as technology transformation M2M were analysed. The anthropological threats to the development of artificially created intelligent systems were defined. Conclusions. From the global risks point of view, one of the most critical circumstances due to the artificial intelligent system can strengthen its intelligence very quickly. The obvious reason for suspecting such an opportunity – a recursive self-improvement. Such system becomes smarter, including the intelligent writing of internal cognitive function, that the ability to rewrite their existing cognitive function to make it work better. This will make such systems more intelligent, and smarter in terms of the processing itself. The success of artificial intelligence may be the beginning of the end of the human race. Almost any technology falling into malicious hands reveals the potential for harm, but when it comes to artificial intelligent system, there is a new problem with the fact that these malicious hands may belong to the technology itself.
MYTHOLOGIC AND DESTRUCTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND ARCHAIC CONSCIOUSNESS (TRAVELING TO SOURCES OF PRESOCRATIC THINKING)
Authors: Okorokov V. B.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The purpose of research consists in that: having plunged into depths of primitive consciousness (using the recipe of many thinkers of non-classical philosophy), to reveal contradiction of the European thought (at its sources) in Ancient Greek thought and show resources of mythological thinking on the way of overcoming of these contradictions. Methodology. All methodological installations, using possibilities, borderlines and effects of non-classical consciousness, have appeared insufficiently effective for adequate understanding of essence of the person. The generalised method, which is used by us, leans on deep resources of high-energy consciousness and on decoding of possibilities of anthropological time that it presumes to open new horizons of human existence. Originality. Addressing to modern representations about the changed conditions of consciousness, we have tried to see the historically generated discursive practices of understanding reality by the consciousness (including the historical one). Thus, using the consistently conducted destruction we are aimed at reaching the first sources of consciousness and revealing the deep historical mechanisms of temporal consciousnesses formation (as far as it possible in the modern conditions). Conclusions. It is shown that the use of the basic ideas of Ancient Greek thought leads scientific consciousness to deadlocks of contradictions, which were consistently revealed during subsequent history of philosophy and culture. The analysis of ancient mythological texts allows concluding, that the Greek thought is not a source of modern scientific thought. That is to understand the scientific thought one should address to the more ancient archaic thinking. Thus, to overcome the contradictions of modern scientific and philosophical thought it is necessary to search new alternative (more ancient) sources of understanding of the historical reality, first of all, connected with deepening into ancient (mythological) thought.
THE THEORY OF CIVILIZATIONS THROUGH THE LENS OF CONTEMPORARY HUMANITIES
Authors: Danylova T. V.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. This paper invites reflections on the further development of civilizational theory through the lens of contemporary humanities. It argues that philosophy is one of the key dimensions of the integral theory of civilizations. The purpose is to promote dialogue-rich interdisciplinary civilizational approach with philosophical understanding of human essence at its core. Methodology. The author has used comparative historical analysis, along with hermeneutical methodology and interdisciplinary approach. Theoretical basis and results. Faced with the challenges of our time, researchers are turning to the civilizational approach, according to which world history appears to us as a colourful spectrum of the options for the development of humanity. At the present stage of scientific development the integral theory of civilizations seems to be the most productive tool for the interpretation of the events taking place in our world. Origianlity. The problem of human being is a key factor in understanding the dynamics of civilizational process and designing a promising theory of civilizations. Philosophy should occupy an important place in the development of a new theory of civilizations: philosophy is the spiritual quintessence of every epoch, every cultural and civilizational community. In particular, a new theory has to take into account both classic and contemporary investigations in the field of philosophical anthropology and theory of values. The increasing threat posed by the clash of civilizations can become a swan song of humanity. For the preservation and further development of the world civilization, there is no other choice but to elaborate the strategies, mechanisms for consultation and dialogue, cooperation and partnership of civilizations and states. That is why the urgent task is to create the certain philosophical position that will contribute to mutual understanding. Conclusions. It is important to involve philosophers in the development of a new integral theory of civilizations. We need to unite our efforts for the sake of human survival. It is only by a constructive and respectful dialogue that humanity will truly overcome mutual misunderstanding, controversy, and aggressiveness. As a result of it, people will realize that the world is much smaller than they previously imagined, and to preserve it the absolute value in the diversity of world civilizations has to be recognized.
MICROSOPHY OF POWER IN THE CONTEXT OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: Krymets L. V.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The article is aimed to actualize the value of microsophy as the new direction of philosophical research, to analyze scientific and educational reality. Methodology. In terms of methodology used in the study, the focus was on identifying the theoretical positions that lead conceptuality, systematic approaches to understanding existing scientific and educational space, to clarify the essential aspects that underlie this phenomenon. Analysis of the main trends of power relations in the scientific and educational space of transitive Ukrainian society, as well as assessment of possible prospects for development and further evolution of public relations, providing treatment to study the processes are still far from complete, actualized using probabilistic methods of social forecasting. Originality. Modern scientific and educational space is conceptualized as an interactive purposefully organized environment, the main subject of which is conscious, responsible and creative personality, is formed in the course of research and education. Decentralization of scientific and educational space is designated one of the important priorities of social development. The principle of decentralization of power involves the formation of a multi-dimensional system of mutual confrontation and daunting interdetermination of management, the main mechanism of which is social dialogue and self-organization. Conclusions. Scientific and educational environment is the context, measure and vector updating section majority of social management. It is a scientific and educational space formed by an active, purposeful and creative citizen who has to seek a conscious and responsible public administration and government, and to the faithful implementation of the management system will power relations. Postnonclassical scientific and educational reality is seen by us as a communicative area that has a dynamic structure and appears in instability and continuous interaction between different levels of development. Information scientific and educational reality represents itself as the world's fixed power relations within established social institutions, and in particular communicative virtual network elusiveness. That is why actualized the problem of determining the nature of power relations in the scientific and educational space. Microsophy as art micro social updating helps expand the ideological guidance in the defined context.
FORMATION OF MEDIA SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURE BIG DATA SCIENCE IN THE AGE OF HIGH ELECTRONICS
Authors: Gensitskiy Yu. D.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The article is aimed to analyze the specificity of formation of media infrastructure of science under the influence of digital media distribution technology, the changing nature of scientific activity, implementation of communication researchers using Big Data. Methodology. The implementation of the purpose is seen in the use of scientific and theoretical basis of the philosophy of science, mediaphilosophy, mediaphilosophical approach to understanding society, science and technology, use of publications on selected topics of research. Originality. It was considered the problem of scientific communication change under the influence of Big Data. Forming of media infrastructure of science under the influence of media technology was analyzed. Conclusions. The emergence, formation and development of mediainfrastructure makes the world scientific community see the modernist paradigm of scientific knowledge production, pay attention to the formation of a qualitatively new ways of transmission and reception using scientific evidence and information research. At the same time there is a need for simultaneous and comprehensive study of the potential negative effects of media technologies for researchers and educational activities. Note the complications self-identification individual simulation processes and phenomena that occurs reliance on empirical base. Also there is a problem controllable and selection of information: the huge flow of information of different kinds of content depth and complicate the selection and broadcast meaningful knowledge.
Pretreatment Insulin Levels as a Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Ferroni Patrizia , Riondino Silvia , Laudisi Anastasia , Portarena Ilaria , Formica Vincenzo , Alessandroni Jhessica , D’Alessandro Roberta , Orlandi Augusto , Costarelli Leopoldo , Cavaliere Francesco , Guadagni Fiorella , Roselli Mario
Published: July 2016

Background.

Based on the hypothesis that impaired glucose metabolism might be associated with survival outcomes independently of overt diabetes, we sought to investigate the prognostic value of routinely used glycemic parameters in a prospective study of breast cancer (BC) patients.

Patients and Methods.

Fasting blood glucose, insulin and HbA1c levels, and insulin resistance (assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment [HOMA] index) at diagnosis were evaluated in 286 nondiabetic BC patients (249 with primary cancer, 37 with metastatic) with respect to those parameters’ possible associations with clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. As a control group, 143 healthy women matched in a 2:1 ratio for age, blood lipid levels, and body mass index were also investigated.

Results.

Fasting blood glucose level (mean ± SD: 99 ± 26 vs. 85 ± 15 mg/dL), insulin level (median: 10.0 vs. 6.8 μIU/mL), and HOMA index (median: 2.2 vs. 1.4), but not HbA1c level, were significantly elevated in BC patients compared with control subjects. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed comparable areas for blood glucose and insulin levels, and HOMA index (ranging from 0.668 to 0.671). Using a cutoff level of 13 μIU/mL, insulin had the best specificity (92%) and sensitivity (41%), was significantly associated with disease stage, and acted as a negative prognostic marker of progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.13–4.20) independently of menopausal status, disease stage, hormone receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki67 expression.

Conclusion.

These results suggest that insulin determination might provide prognostic information in BC and support the hypothesis that lifestyle and/or pharmacological interventions targeting glucose metabolism could be considered to improve survival outcome of selected BC patients.
Clinical Utility of Liquid Diagnostic Platforms in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Levy Benjamin , Hu Zishuo I. , Cordova Kristen N. , Close Sandra , Lee Karen , Becker Daniel
Published: July 2016

A firmer understanding of the genomic landscape of lung cancer has recently led to targeted, therapeutic advances in non-small cell lung cancer. Historically, the reference standard for the diagnosis and genetic interrogation for advanced-stage patients has been tissue acquisition via computed tomography-guided core or fine needle aspiration biopsy. However, this process can frequently put the patient at risk and remains complicated by sample availability and tumor heterogeneity. In addition, the time required to complete the diagnostic assays can negatively affect clinical care. Technological advances in recent years have led to the development of blood-based diagnostics or “liquid biopsies” with great potential to quickly diagnose and genotype lung cancer using a minimally invasive technique. Recent studies have suggested that molecular alterations identified in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA can serve as an accurate molecular proxy of tumor biology and reliably predict the response to tyrosine kinase therapy. In addition, several trials have demonstrated the high accuracy of microRNA (miRNA) platforms in discerning cancerous versus benign nodules in high-risk, screened patients. Despite the promise of these platforms, issues remain, including varying sensitivities and specificities between competing platforms and a lack of standardization of techniques and downstream processing. In the present report, the clinical applications of liquid biopsy technologies, including circulating tumor cells, proteomics, miRNA, and cfDNA for NSCLC, are reviewed and insight is provided into the diagnostic and therapeutic implications and challenges of these platforms.
For Better and for Worse? Effects of Access to High-Cost Consumer Credit
Authors: Dobridge Christine L.
Published: July 2016

I provide empirical evidence that the effect of high-cost credit access on household material well-being depends on if a household is experiencing temporary financial distress. Using detailed data on household consumption and location, as well as geographic variation in access to high cost payday loans over time, I find that payday credit access improves wellbeing for households in distress by helping them smooth consumption. In periods of temporary financial distress—after extreme weather events like hurricanes and blizzards—I find that payday loan access mitigates declines in spending on food, mortgage payments, and home repairs. In an average period, however, I find that access to payday credit reduces well-being. Loan access reduces spending on nondurable goods overall and reduces housing- and food-related spending particularly. These results highlight the state dependent nature of the effects of high-cost credit as well as the consumption-smoothing role that it plays for households with limited access to other forms of credit.
Инновации в миссии журналистики
Authors: Киричек Петр Николаевич
Published: July 2016

В работе рассмотрена общая характеристика миссии журналистики в качестве социального ее предназначения. Осуществлен анализ сущностных мутаций в рамках миссии прессы в современных условиях. 
Журналистика путешествий: реальность и тенденции
Authors: Бобров Александр Александрович
Published: July 2016

Трэвел-журналистика в современной теории массовых коммуникаций — это особое направление журналистики, которое предоставляет потребителю информацию о дальних путешествиях и родной стране. 
Тема щедрости в ранних похвалах великому Киевскому князю Владимиру Святославичу
Authors: Кириллин Владимир Михайлович
Published: July 2016

В статье на основе сопоставительного анализа древнейших литературных характеристик великого Киевского князя Владимира Святославича (X–XI вв.) выявляются особенности официального церковного и неофициального народного отношения к нему как к исполнителю христианской заповеди о милосердии.
Reseña del libro: El poder de la familia en la educación || Review of the book: The power of the family in education
Authors: Regueiro Bibiana
Published: July 2016

Reseña de: Santos Rego, M.A. (Ed). (2015). El poder de la familia en la educación. Madrid: Síntesis. 260 pp. ISBN: 9788490771754. Depósito legal: M. 28.041-2015.El libro El poder de la familia en la educación, de Miguel A. Santos Rego (Ed.) constituye una importante aportación al estudio de la familia y su influencia en la educación. Se trata de un punto de encuentro de múltiples reflexiones que ponen sobre la mesa un conjunto de colaboraciones de carácter multidisciplinar elaboradas por académicos, investigadores y expertos en diversas áreas de las ciencias de la educación, con el objetivo de concretar y organizar estos discursos, contrastarlos con las realidades y prácticas educativas vigentes y proponer pautas para lograr una educación familiar lo más ajustada posible a las necesidades y demandas de la sociedad actual.
Validación de la Escala de Apoyo Parental Online (EAPO) || Validation of the Online Parental Support Scale
Authors: Suárez Arminda , Byrne Sonia , Rodrigo María José
Published: July 2016

Este artículo describe la validación de una escala para evaluar el apoyo social online que perciben los usuarios de recursos web en español para padres y madres. Responde así a la necesidad de crear un instrumento específico que permita captar la complejidad de este nuevo constructo. Para la validación de la Escala de Apoyo Parental Online (EAPO) se contó con 301 padres y madres españoles y latinoamericanos, que se matricularon en el programa online 'Educar en Positivo' (http://educarenpositivo.es), quedando registradas automáticamente las respuestas al cuestionario en una base de datos al comienzo de su participación. La estructura factorial se obtuvo a través de la técnica de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorio (MESE) con rotación oblimin y el método de estimación de ponderación de mínimos cuadrados ajustado por la media y la varianza (WLSMW) para su confirmación. Los resultados principales muestran una factorización óptima en el constructo de un modelo de cinco factores con una fiabilidad adecuada, que tratan de la participación en programas o recursos para obtener apoyo parental online, el intercambio de consejos con otros padres y con expertos en educación, la autoeficacia parental percibida, las habilidades de parentalidad positiva y el apoyo emocional. Los resultados sugieren que la escala captura adecuadamente las dimensiones hipotetizadas para el constructo de apoyo social online para el fomento de la parentalidad positiva y muestra unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas que lo hacen recomendable para su uso en el ámbito de los recursos web para padres y madres
Análisis de un fragmento del libro Manual de un "cambio de feria" de Medina del Campo no identificado, correspondiente a la Feria de octubre de 1564
Authors: González Ferrando José María
Published: July 2016

El hallazgo casual de dos pliegos del Manual de un cambio, referidos a la feria de Octubre de 1564 de Medina del Campo, nos ha permitido disponer por primera vez de una muestra del Diario de la contabilidad por partida doble que empleaban los banqueros en Castilla a mediados del siglo XVI. Pese a la brevedad del texto contable, la información que nos facilita es grande, tanto por lo que atañe al formato de los asientos como a las operaciones registradas y al elenco de personas citadas.Respecto de los asientos, el fragmento muestra lo que debieron de ser los incipientes intentos de contabilizar las operaciones complejas de negociación de cambios mediante asientos de estructura compuesta, aunque ello diera lugar a una partida doble un tanto heterodoxa. En cuanto a las operaciones, encontramos un repertorio de las típicas que se realizaban en las ferias castellanas, de entre las cuales destaca la negociación de letras "con tanto al millar". En tercer lugar, la nómina de personas que aparecen citadas en los asientos abarca desde mercaderes castellanos, andaluces y catalanes hasta banqueros italianos residentes no solo en Castilla  y Andalucía sino en el Franco Condado, Génova, Venecia, Nápoles y Sicilia.The accidental finding of two loose folders of the Manual of a banker, referred to the fair of October 1564 of Medina del Campo, has allowed having us for the first time a sample of the Journal of the accounts by double entry that used the bankers in Castile in the middle of 16th Century. In spite of the shortness of the accounting text, the information it facilitates to us is large, as much with regard to the format of the entries such as the registered operations and the lot of mentioned people.As far as the entries are concerned, the fragment shows what type were being the incipient attempts  to enter the  complex operations of negotiation of bills of exchange by means of entries of composed structure, although it gave rise to a somewhat heterodox double entry. As for the operations we found a sample of the typical ones that were made in the Castilian fairs, among them the negotiation of bills of exchange con tanto al millar must be highlighted. Thirdly, the list of people who appear mentioned in the entries includes Castilian, Andalusian and Catalan merchants and bankers and Italian resident bankers not only in Castile and Andalusia but in the Franche- Compté, Genoa, Venice, Naples and Sicily.
Expectancy-Violation and Information-Theoretic Models of Melodic Complexity
Authors: Eerola Tuomas
Published: July 2016

The present study assesses two types of models for melodic complexity: one based on expectancy violations and the other one related to an information-theoretic account of redundancy in music. Seven different datasets spanning artificial sequences, folk and pop songs were used to refine and assess the models. The refinement eliminated unnecessary components from both types of models. The final analysis pitted three variants of the two model types against each other and could explain from 46-74% of the variance in the ratings across the datasets. The most parsimonious models were identified with an information-theoretic criterion. This suggested that the simplified expectancy-violation models were the most efficient for these sets of data. However, the differences between all optimised models were subtle in terms both of performance and simplicity.
Modeling Musical Complexity: Commentary on Eerola (2016)
Authors: Albrecht Joshua
Published: July 2016

In his paper, “Expectancy violation and information-theoretic models of melodic complexity,” Eerola compares a number of models that correlate musical features of monophonic melodies with participant ratings of perceived melodic complexity. He finds that fairly strong results can be achieved using several different approaches to modeling perceived melodic complexity. The data used in this study are gathered from several previously published studies that use widely different types of melodies, including isochronous folk melodies, isochronous 12-tone rows, and rhythmically complex African folk melodies. This commentary first briefly reviews the article’s method and main findings, then suggests a rethinking of the theoretical framework of the study. Finally, some of the methodological issues of the study are discussed.
Statistical Variance and Transpositional Analysis: A Commentary on Plazak (2016)
Authors: Shaffer Kris
Published: July 2016

Joseph Plazak argues for a more nuanced representation of the environment in which listeners encounter music ― in particular, questioning the assumption that listeners who engage with music repeatedly do so at the same absolute pitch level. While I agree with Plazak's problematization of this assumption, as well as his advocacy of further investigation into it, Plazak's corpus study has two key methodological flaws. However, a follow-up study in line with Plazak's research could both address these flaws and the more general question that Plazak raises, to the benefit of our understanding of a number of foundational cognitive issues.
Editor's Note
Authors: Shanahan Daniel
Published: July 2016

No abstract available
Commentary on Frieler, Pfleiderer, Abeßer, and Zaddach's "Telling a Story"
Authors: Broze Yuri
Published: July 2016

Theoretical and methodological perspectives are offered. Perceived personal involvement, variety of improvisational tools, and dramaturgy might be attributed to multimodal signals and cues of emotion, implicit learning of motor routines and musical tendency, and deliberate planning on the part of the musician. I give a personal perspective on my experience as an improvising musician, and suggest a sketch of how I imagine improvisation often works. Dramaturgical models meant for iteratively constructed artworks such as plays are likely to be deficient for improvisational artworks in general. Finally, the authors' methodological choices are considered. Both exploratory research and model selection are also driven by implicit hypotheses, so care must be taken to minimize false discovery.
The action of ten secreted aspartic proteases of pathogenic yeast Candida albicans on major human salivary antimicrobial peptide, histatin 5
Authors: Bochenska Oliwia , Rapala-Kozik Maria , Wolak Natalia , Aoki Wataru , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Kozik Andrzej
Published: July 2016

Candida albicans, belonging to the most common fungal pathogens of humans, exploits many virulence factors to infect the host, of which the most important is a family of ten secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) that cleave numerous peptides and proteins, often deregulating the host’s biochemical homeostasis. It was recently shown that C. albicans cells can inactivate histatin5 (His5), a salivary histidine-rich anticandidal peptide, through the hydrolytic action of Saps. However, the current data on this subject are incomplete as only four out of ten Saps have been studied with respect to hydrolytic processing of His5 (Sap2, Sap5, Sap9-10). The aim of the study was to investigate the action of all Saps on His5 and to characterize this process in terms of peptide chemistry.It was shown that His5 was degraded by seven out of ten Saps (Sap1-4, Sap7-9) over a broad range of pH. The cleavage rate decreased in an order of Sap2>Sap9>Sap3>Sap7>Sap4>Sap1>Sap8. The degradation profiles for Sap2 and Sap9 were similar to those previously reported; however, in contrast to the previous study, Sap10 was shown to be unable to cleave His5. On a long-time scale, the peptide was completely degraded and lost its antimicrobial potential but after a short period of Sap treatment several shorter peptides (His1-13, His1-17, His1-21) that still decreased fungal survival were released.The results, presented hereby, provide extended characteristics of the action of C. albicans extracellular proteases on His5. Our study contribute to deepening the knowledge on the interactions between fungal pathogens and the human host.
De la culpa de la lex Aquilia del derecho romano al principio de la responsabilidad por culpa en el derecho civil colombiano
Authors: Sánchez Luis Carlos
Published: July 2016

Actualmente se discute la vigencia del principio de la culpa en la responsabilidad civil, especialmente por el surgimiento de la responsabilidad por actividades peligrosas. Este escrito realiza un análisis crítico del concepto de culpa, desde su surgimiento con la interpretación de la lex Aquilia del derecho romano, hasta la moderna comprensión del instituto por la jurisprudencia civil colombiana, pues una adecuada solución a los problemas actuales solo es posible mediante la comprensión de la tradición que antecede a nuestras instituciones; no sólo con la finalidad de reconstruir su historia, sino también de encontrar, dentro de dicha tradición, eventuales fracturas que podrían ser la causa de las actuales problemáticas.
Modelo em malha fechada para o gerador de indução duplamente alimentado baseado em controladores proporcional e integral
Authors: Lima Francisco Kleber de A. , Branco Carlos Gustavo C.
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o modelo do gerador de indução duplamente alimentado (DFIG) no referencial dq síncrono através de estudo teórico. Através da análise dos circuitos que relacionam o rotor e o estator desta máquina nos eixos direto e em quadratura, um modelo matemático será deduzido e analisado em detalhes. Um desenvolvimento matemático baseado em controladores clássicos será proposto. Por fim, resultados experimentais a partir de um protótipo montado em laboratório serão apresentados e discutidos, a fim de validar a teoria proposta.
Sistema Fotovoltaico com Condicionamento Ativo de Energia Usando Mppt Baseado em Pso e Malha Feed-forward de Controle de Tensão do Barramento Cc
Authors: Silva Sérgio A. Oliveira da , Sampaio Leonardo P. , Oliveira Fernando M. de , Durand Fábio R.
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta a implementação de um sistema fotovoltaico (PV) monofásico conectado à rede elétrica com duplo estágio de conversão de energia, o qual não é afetado por problemas associados a sombreamentos parciais. Técnicas convencionais de rastreamento de máxima potência (MPPT), tais como perturba e observa (P&O), não rastreia o ponto de máxima potência global (GMPP) quando o arranjo PV opera sob condições de sombreamento parcial. Como resultado, o desempenho geral do sistema diminui. Este trabalho usa o método de otimização por enxame de partículas (PSO) para rastrear o GMPP, aumentando o desempenho do sistema PV. Simultaneamente, o sistema fotovoltaico é controlado para realizar o condicionamento ativo de potência, realizando supressão das correntes harmônicas e compensação da potência reativa da carga. Além disso, como principal contribuição deste trabalho, é proposta uma malha de controle feed-forward para reduzir variações bruscas de tensão do barramento CC, na ocorrência de transientes de radiação solar e/ou temperatura. Tais variações podem influenciar no desempenho do sistema PV bem como ocasionar danos às chaves de potência. Os desempenhos estático e dinâmico do sistema PV são avaliados por meio de resultados experimentais.
Desenvolvimento de um Sistema Completo de Smart Metering Bidirecional para Aplicações em Smart Grids
Authors: Sausen Paulo S. , Campos Mauricio de , Sausen Airam T. Z. R. , Sauthier Luís Fernando , Oliveira Alexandre C. , Oliveira Samuel C. de
Published: July 2016

As Redes Inteligentes (Smart Grids) são formadas por inúmeras funcionalidades e novas tecnologias, que aos poucos vão sendo incorporadas as redes elétricas tradicionais, a telemedição é uma destas novas funcionalidades, que permite o gerenciamento remoto de consumidores assim como abre perspectivas de uso no combate a fraudes, identificação de faltas e desligamentos, gerenciamento dos transformadores de distribuição, entre outros serviços. Nesse contexto, ao longo do presente trabalho, são apresentados resultados de um sistema de Smart Metering Bidirecional que utiliza a comunicação Power Line Communication (PLC) sobre o padrão PRIME (PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution) em uma rede urbana típica brasileira. A análise dos resultados apresentados demonstra que o padrão PRIME, apesar de bastante difundido na comunidade europeia, apresenta diversas restrições operacionais nas redes elétricas brasileiras que afetam seu desempenho em termos de comunicação, porém sem inviabilizar seu uso.
Proposição de uma Nova Técnica de Detecção de Faltas de Alta Impedância em Sistemas de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica
Authors: Campos Mauricio de , Sausen Paulo S. , Oliveira Alexandre C. , Lima Antônio Marcus N.
Published: July 2016

De uma forma geral, todos os sistemas elétricos estão susceptíveis a falhas. No contexto das falhas, as faltas de alta impedância são as de maior dificuldade de detecção e as com maior risco de morte a população, devido ao fato dos circuitos continuarem energizados. Muitas técnicas tem sido avaliadas com o objetivo de detectar de forma efetiva as faltas de alta impedância, contudo, o uso das técnicas individualmente demonstram algumas imprecisões, quer seja por não detectarem as faltas sob determinadas condições de ocorrência das mesmas, quer seja por interpretarem eventos próprios da operação dos sistemas elétricos como sendo faltas. Este trabalho se propõe a contribuir com o estudo de detecção de faltas de alta impedância em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica, combinando uma técnica baseada na observação dos Harmônicos de baixa ordem de sequência negativa, com uma técnica baseada em Wavelets. O resultado da combinação demonstrou melhor desempenho se comparado ao de uso individual das técnicas combinadas, tendo sido possível identificar claramente a condição de falta em todos os cenários estudados, destacando- se os eventos corriqueiros de operação do sistema.
Immature, but Not Mature, Dendritic Cells Are More Often Present in Aggressive Periodontitis Than Chronic Periodontitis: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: da Motta Raphael J.G. , Tirapelli Camila , Juns da Silva Roberto , Villafuerte Kelly R.V. , Almeida Luciana Y. , Ribeiro‐Silva Alfredo , León Jorge E.
Published: July 2016

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) form a key link between innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of this study is to analyze presence and distribution of immature (im) and mature (m) DCs in gingival tissue samples obtained from patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic periodontitis (CP), and clinically healthy periodontium (control group).

Methods: Gingival tissue samples obtained from patients with: 1) AgP (aged <35 years); 2) CP (aged ≥35 years); and 3) control group (aged >18 years) (n = 10 per group) were collected. Two‐way analysis of variance and posterior Fisher least significant difference test were used to observe differences between the means of cells positively marked for imDC (S100, CD1a, and CD207) and mDC (CD208) immunomarkers.

Results: imDCs were more numerous in AgP than CP and control groups, being statistically significant only for S100+ cells. Conversely, mDCs were visualized in higher numbers in CP than AgP and control groups (both P <0.05). Considering frequency of immunostained cells, the number of S100+ cells was greater than CD207+ and CD1a+ cells, followed by a lesser number of CD208+ cells, in all groups.

Conclusions: Considering that the ability of DCs to regulate immunity is dependent on DC maturation, results suggest that predominance of imDCs appears to be involved in AgP pathogenesis, probably due to lack of ability to induce immune cell activation. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of DC maturation in regulating immune responses in periodontal disease.
Association Among Periodontitis and the Use of Crack Cocaine and Other Illicit Drugs
Authors: Antoniazzi Raquel P. , Zanatta Fabricio B. , Rösing Cassiano K. , Feldens Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2016

Background: Crack cocaine can alter functions related to the immune system and exert a negative influence on progression and severity of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to compare periodontal status between crack cocaine users and crack cocaine non‐users and investigate the association between crack cocaine and periodontitis after adjustments for confounding variables.

Methods: This cross‐sectional study evaluated 106 individuals exposed to crack cocaine and 106 never exposed, matched for age, sex, and tobacco use. An examiner determined visible plaque index (VPI), marginal bleeding index, supragingival dental calculus, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Logistic regression was used to model associations between crack cocaine and periodontitis (at least three sites with CAL >4 mm and at least two sites with PD >3 mm, not in the same site or tooth).

Results: Prevalence of periodontitis among crack non‐users and crack users was 20.8% and 43.4%, respectively. Crack users had greater VPI, BOP, PD ≥3 mm, and CAL ≥4 mm than crack non‐users. Periodontitis was associated with age >24 years, schooling ≤8 years, smoking, moderate/heavy alcohol use, and plaque rate ≥41%. Crack users had an approximately three‐fold greater chance (odds ratio: 3.44; 95% confidence interval: 1.51 to 7.86) of periodontitis than non‐users.

Conclusion: Occurrence of periodontitis, visible plaque, and gingival bleeding was significantly higher among crack users, and crack use was associated with occurrence of periodontitis.
PRAIAS DA BAÍA DE GUANABARA NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Da Silva Maria Augusta Martins , Silva André Luiz Carvalho da , Santos Carla Luiza dos , Silvestre Carolina Pereira , Antonio Raphael Viana Marinho , Cunha Ana Beatriz Coelho da , Gralato Jaciele da Costa Abreu , Souza Renata Domingues de
Published: July 2016

A geomorfologia e granulometria das areias de 29 praias da Baía de Guanabara (estado do Rio de Janeiro) são aqui apresentadas para a caracterização da dinâmica praial e estabilidade sob as condições atuais do nível do mar e clima. Em um ambiente com ondas de baixa energia e de micromaré, a morfologia das praias reflete a energia das ressacas e a localização das praias em relação a entrada dessas ondas na Baía de Guanabara e como estas vão se modificando em função da batimetria e geomorfologia da baía até alcançarem as praias. Assim, que praias como a de Icaraí (Niterói) e do Flamengo (Rio de Janeiro) apresentam variações sazonais expressivas dos seus perfis topográficos e mudanças na granulometria da areia. As demais praias apresentam variações morfológicas moderadas (como Boa Viagem, Flechas e São Francisco, em Niterói; praias de Fora e Vermelha, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro) ou discretas (como as praias de Charitas, Adão e Eva em Niterói; Botafogo, de Dentro e Urca, no Rio de Janeiro; as praias das Ilhas do Governador e Paquetá, Magé e São Gonçalo). As praias de Icaraí, Flechas, Boa Viagem e Flamengo são também vulneráveis as ressacas, corroborado pelo registro histórico existente. As areias predominantes são as de granulometria fina e média, porém, elas podem ser mais grossas a depender da energia das ondas, da contribuição local de afloramentos ou devido à influência humana, introduzindo no ambiente material de aterros e lixo. Um número relativamente alto de praias se encontram descaracterizadas por obras e construções dentro dos limites da faixa de areia, além de estarem degradadas e mal conservadas. As praias da Baía de Guanabara se encontram em equilíbrio com as condições atuais de nível de mar e clima. Os problemas existentes se devem às mudanças causadas pelo Homem no ambiente praial e/ou no de restinga e, a ocupação inadequada desses ambientes os quais, durante as ressacas, são vulneráveis as ondas, que podem até causar destruição dessas construções públicas ou particulares.