bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Environmental Humidity on the Ionic Transport of Poly(ethylene Oxide) Thin Films by Local Dielectric Spectroscopy
Authors: Markus Paul , Martínez-Tong Daniel E , Papastavrou Georg , Alegria Angel
Published: November 2019

In this work, we study the effect of humidity on the ionic transport in the amorphous phase of poly(ethylene oxide) thin films via local dielectric spectroscopy measurements. We explored a controlled humidity range between 15 %RH and 50 %RH. AFM-based local dielectric imaging allowed us to obtain the thin films topography and dielectric contrast maps, simultaneously. No humidity effect on the film topography was observed whereas large variation of the dielectric signal occurred. In addition, we observed a clear dielectric contrast among different locations on the thin film surface. In two selected regions with high contrast in the dielectric maps, we performed nanoDielectric Spectroscopy (nDS) measurements covering the range from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. By modeling these spectroscopy results, we quantified the conductivity of the amorphous phase of the semicrystalline poly(ethylene oxide) films. The crystalline fraction of the PEO thin films were extracted being about 36%, independently of humidity conditions. On the contrary, the average conductivity increased drastically from 2 10-10 to 5 10-9 S/cm, by changing environmental humidity in the explore %RH range.
Click Chemistry Expedited Radiosynthesis: Sulfur [18F]fluoride Exchange of Aryl Fluorosulfates
Authors: Zheng Qinheng , Xu Hongtao , Wang Hua , Du Wen-Ge Han , Wang Nan , Xiong Huan , Gu Yuang , Noodleman Louis , Yang Guang , Sharpless K. Barry , Wu Peng
Published: November 2019

The lack of simple, efficient [18F]fluorination processes and new target-specific organofluorine probes remains the major challenge of fluorine-18-based positron emission tomography (PET). We report here a fast isotopic exchange method for the radiosynthesis of aryl [18F]fluorosulfate based PET agents enabled by the emerging sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry. The method has been applied to the fully-automated 18F-radiolabeling of twenty-five structurally diverse aryl fluorosulfates with excellent radiochemical yield (83–100%) and high molar activity (up to 281 GBq µmol–1) at room temperature in 30 seconds. The purification of radiotracers requires no time-consuming high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but rather a simple cartridge filtration. The utility of aryl [18F]fluorosulfate is demonstrated by the in vivo tumor imaging by targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1).
Linear Viscoelasticity and Flow of Self-Assembled Vitrimers: The Case of a Polyethylene/dioxaborolane System
Authors: RICARTE RALM , Tournilhac François , Cloître Michel , Leibler Ludwik
Published: November 2019

For vitrimer systems obtained by dynamic cross-linking of polymer chains, incompatibility effects between the cross-links and polymer backbone can lead to microphase separation, resulting in a network made of cross-linked aggregates. Additionally, when there is a wide distribution of the number of cross-links per chain, macrophase separation can occur. Here, we investigate the linear viscoelasticity and flow of a polyethylene (PE) vitrimer that has cross-linkable dioxaborolane maleimide grafts, which aggregate into a hierarchical nanostructure. To elucidate the role of self-assembly, noncross-linked graft functionalized PE was first studied. It had a terminal relaxation time that was orders of magnitude larger than both neat PE and partially peroxide cross-linked PE. When dioxaborolane cross-linker was added to form the vitrimer, the resulting material could not achieve terminal relaxation within 8 hr. The graft-poor soluble and graft-rich insoluble portions of the PE vitrimer were then isolated and characterized. The soluble portion expressed similar flow behavior as neat PE, while the insoluble portion – which is a network of cross-linked aggregates – relaxed very little over 8 hr. When the insoluble and soluble portions were blended, the rheological behavior of the original vitrimer was basically recovered, showing that the soluble portion acts as a lubricant. When the insoluble portion was blended with neat PE, the material relaxed much more stress, but still did not reach steady-state flow within 8 hr. When high stresses were applied, however, PE vitrimer flowed. Nonlinear rheology experiments revealed melt fracture at high strains and suggested that flow is enabled by rapid healing, which follows fracture events. The presence of macroscopic phase separation facilitated flow.
Palladium Catalyzed Stereospecific Arylation of Biocatalytically Derived Cyclic 1,3-Dienes: Chirality Transfer via a Heck-Type Mechanism
Authors: Paterson Andrew J. , Dunås Petter , Rahm Martin , Norrby Per-Ola , Kociok-Kohn Gabriele , Lewis Simon E. , Kann Nina
Published: November 2019

Microbial arene oxidation of benzoic acid with Ralstonia eutropha B9 provides a chiral highly functionalized cyclohexadiene, suitable for further structural diversification. Subjecting this scaffold to a palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction effects a regioselective and stereospecific arylation of the cyclohexadiene ring, with transfer of the stereogenic information installed in the microbial arene oxidation. Functional groups that were well tolerated on the diene substrate included a range of esters, amides and a Weinreb amide, affording a total of 23 different products in good yields. These products, which can be considered as latent enolic nucleophiles, also possess a unique three dimensional structure which can be utilized in further stereoselective transformations. This was demonstrated by subjecting one of the products, which contained a protected aldehyde, to a tandem deprotection – cyclization sequence. The reaction proceeded with complete stereoselectivity and afforded a tricyclic ketone product possessing four stereogenic centers. This demonstrates the capability of the method to introduce stereochemical complexity from non-chiral benzoic acid in just a few steps. Quantum chemical calculations have provided insight into the mechanism of the palladium-catalyzed arylation. The high selectivity can be explained both by a kinetic preference for the observed arylation position and by reversible carbopalladation in competing positions.
社会保险在企业人力资源管理中的积极作用分析
Authors: 刘 美春
Published: November 2019

新时代，人力资源管理已经成为企业提升员工工作效率，激发员工工作积极性的主要手段。提升企业的人力资源管理水平，必须要重视企业员工福利保障，尤其是与职工利益息息相关的各项社会保险的缴纳。基于此，本文重点针对社会保险在企业人力资源管理中的积极作用进行了详细的分析，以供参考。
《弹药技术基础》课程教学模式改革的探索与体会
Authors: 朱 建生 , 陈 凯
Published: November 2019

针对传统课堂中实践教学比重低、教育技术手段单一等不足，以《弹药技术基础》教学模式改革为切入点，从优化人才培养理论体系、创新教学模式与训练体系、改革考核模式与评价机制等方面进行了探索与尝试，以期为军队院校课程教学改革提供借鉴与参考。
监督、人文关怀与支教政策执行力——支教政策解读与政策逻辑分析
Authors: 王 月英
Published: November 2019

支教政策的执行力既需要人文关怀更需要强制力监督，两者刚柔并济是实现支教政策目的的保障。在中国精准扶贫的战略目标下，支教活动对于中国西部地区文化脱贫提供了重要力量，支教政策的执行是一个接力活动，是各方主体接下先前志愿者的精神火炬，砥砺前行，为平衡中国的教育资源，提升贫困地区教育水平所做的重要活动。支教政策执行的接力活动，它是一个复杂的过程，涉及诸多环节和要素。需要将人文关怀和监督的强制力注入每个环节，各个环节和要素相互联系并相互制约，保障支教政策执行系统的整体功能的有效发挥，均衡教育资源，从而保障支教政策目标的实现、中国文化精准脱贫战略的实现。
LEARNER AUTONOMY IN EFL/ESL CLASSROOMS IN BANGLADESH: TEACHERSâ€™ PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES
Authors: Begum Jahanara
Published: November 2019

Abstract:

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of language teaching being more and more communication oriented. The traditional classroom teaching is facing a big challenge and is gradually being replaced by learner-centered approaches putting learner as individual into the core of learning process. This means learner autonomy gets to be enhanced to meet the need of the new teaching mode. While a great deal of researches have been done on the concept and development of learner autonomy , limited studies have investigated the ways and means of classroom practices of teachers in fostering learner autonomy in tertiary level EFL/ESL classrooms in Bangladesh. This paper examines what teachers think about learner autonomy as well as the strategies they use to develop learners autonomy in a university setting using a qualitative approach. The findings revealed that although university teachers are acquainted with what learner autonomy means, there are some challenges of developing learner autonomy in the classroom due to a number of lacking, such as teacherâ€™s preparation, studentsâ€™ reluctant attitude, suitability for different disciplined students and class timing.
Catastro y caracterización de las fuentes fijas de contaminación industrial, agroindustrial y de servicios del cantón Latacunga, para el seguimiento administrativo y control ambiental de procesos productivos
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ortiz Bustamante Vladimir Marconi , Vela Alarcón Guillermo Pablo ,   Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Donoso Quimbita Caterine Isabel ,   Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE-L, Pacheco Erazo Lilia Marisol ,   Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Herrera Albarracín Roberto Carlos
Published: November 2019

La presente investigación se realizó a consecuencia del evidente cambio climático que sufre a diario la Provincia de Cotopaxi, por los cambios bruscos de las altas y bajas temperaturas que acontecen en la provincia, afectando la salud de la población. El objetivo de la investigación fue elaborar un plan frente al cambio climático que se encuentra estipulado en el Acuerdo Ministerial N° 137, concatenado con el Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de la Provincia de Cotopaxi. Para la elaboración del libro se recopiló información relevante de instituciones de prestigio como son el Ministerio del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología y el Plan Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial, de acuerdo al estudio que se realizó en los siete cantones de la provincia en los cuales se logró identificar las amenazas más latentes que se han producido en los mismos como lo son; los deslizamientos, incendios forestales, inundaciones, precipitaciones y heladas.
TUBERCULOSE PERIANAL: RELATO DE CASO DE UMA DOENÇA RARA E DE DIAGNÓSTICO TARDIO
Authors: Cerqueira Lorena de Oliveira , Binda Luiz Otavio Dal Col , Lacerda Jorge Luiz Moreira de , santos filho givaldo sampaio , Colombo Marília Majeski , Dalcomune Dyanne Moyses
Published: November 2019

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença de distribuição global. No Brasil, somente em 2014 foram cerca de 69 mil novos casos. O acometimento pulmonar é o mais frequente. As formas não pulmonares são vistas em
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan Menerapkan Kombinasi Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dengan Rank Order Centroid (ROC)
Authors: Badaruddin Muliati
Published: November 2019

This research discusses the combination of Rank Order Centroid (ROC) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods to produce company manager's decisions in evaluating employee performance. The results of employee performance appraisal are expected to be more effective and objective due to the support of the decision support system used. Many studies have been conducted in performance appraisal using the Simple Additive Weighting method, but have not or do not use good weighting. With a combination of weighting and ranking methods, the outcome of the decision will certainly be more effective.
Parasite-host relationships of the ixodid tick Ixodes Ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Hyrcanian meadow lizard Darevskia practicola hyrcanica (Tuniyev, Doronin, Kidov et Tuniyev, 2011) in Talysh Mountains (Southeastern Azerbaijan)
Authors: Kidov A.A.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the research: to identify features of the parasite-host relations of the European common tick, Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Hyrcanian meadow lizard, Darevskia praticola hyrcanica (Tuniyev, Doronin, Kidov, et Tuniyev), 2011 in spring period. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in May 2016 in the Gadazyghahi natural boundaries in Astara region of Azerbaijan. The animals were caught on the routes, divided into three mature groups (adult females, males and juvenile lizards) and examined for the presence of ticks. Frequency of occurrence, abundance and location of parasites were determined according to standard methods. Localization of parasites on lizards’ body was defined by the standard scheme. Results and discussion. Only larvae and nymphs of the I. ricinus were found on the lizards. Ticks were found only on 32 lizards of 123 examined. The distribution of ticks in year-old lizards was 10,8%, adult females 28,6%, and adult males 35,3%. The distribution of feeding ticks is aggregated: 26 % of examined lizards were feeders for 100% of ticks. Higher abundance of parasites per one animal was observed in males (on average 3,1±0,78 ticks on one male and 1,6±0,36 on one female). The lowest value of parasite abundance was defined on one-year-old animals (no more than one tick per lizard). The ticks were attached on the forelegs, neck and sides of lizards. 89% of ticks were located under the forelegs. Domestic animals are the main feeders of imago I. ricinus, and the lizards provide feeding for larvae and nymphs.
Ivermectin pharmacokinetics in horses organism after the application of Equiverm antiparasitic paste
Authors: Musaev M.B. , Bundina L.A. , Yemelyanova N.B. , Abramov V.E. , Balyshev A.V. , Abramov S.V. , Kochetkov P.P. , Abramova E.V.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the research: study of Ivermectin pharmacokinetics in horses organism after the application of Equiverm antiparasitic paste. Materials and methods. For studying of pharmacokinetics of Equiverm in blood plasma of five manorial breed horses at the age of 6-7 years, with the weight about 400-450 kg antiparasitic paste was injected orally by syringe dispenser in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg body weight, and then blood sampling from jugular vein was performed in 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 ,9, 24, 48, 96, 144, 288, 456, 624, 720 hours for the following determination of the concentration of Ivermectin in blood plasma of horses by high pressure liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection using P.K. Sanyal method (1994). Validated method of determination Ivermectin in blood serum of was developed. It allows determining this analyte in extremely low concentrations (LOD value is 0.03 ng/mL, LOQ value is 0.09 ng/mL). Results and discussion. Ivermectin is absorbed in horses digestive tract after oral administration and it reaches defined blood serum concentrations in 1-2 hours after oral administration of antiparasitic paste - 0.2 ng/mL. Maximum concentration of 0.84 ng/mL was registered in 7 hours, and Ivermectin level decreased gradually to 0.2 ng/mL by the fourth day. Therefore, upon oral administration of Equiverm antiparasitic paste ivermectin was absorbed well enough and it enters the systemic circulation where it circulates during 4 days. Only trace amounts of Ivermectin are determined two weeks after drug administration.
Menghindari Sikap Apatis Antar Individu Melalui Komunikasi Untuk Meningkatkan Hubungan Yang Baik Antar Individu
Authors: Oktasari Zania
Published: November 2019

An organization consists of many people with different social and professional backgrounds who work for the same purpose. The importance of communication in the workplace is undeniable communication is the core of the relationship between people in organizations and management. Managers often do not realize the importance of communication in the workplace and do not convey company ideas, goals, and visions clearly. When individuals cannot create an open environment and are less able to communicate clearly, this has a negative impact on relationships between individuals in the organization. Very minimal communication process between individuals will be the main factor for someone to behave towards things and events around him. To avoid this apathy, effective communication in the workplace must be encouraged in order to increase critical attitude and concern for the surrounding environment to create a good relationship between employees and superiors and subordinates.
STANDAR PENILAIAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Juandi Aghi
Published: November 2019

Agi Juandi NIM 0142S1A018024 Program Studi Administrasi Pendidikan STKIP Muhammadiyah Bogor Tahun 2019. Tugas ini merupakan tugas perorangan pada mata kuliah manajemen sekolah sebagai syarat penilaian UTS : tujuan dibuatnya makalah ini yaitu untuk menegtahui ruang lingkup standar penilaian pendidikan. Dasar hukum Standar Penilaian Pendidikan adalah Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI No. 23 Tahun 2016 bahwa Standar Penilaian Pendidikan adalah kriteria mengenai lingkup, tujuan, manfaat, prinsip, mekanisme, prosedur, dan instrumen penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik yang digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penilaian hasil belajar peserta didik pada pendidikan dasar dan pendidikan menengah.Penerapan standar penilaian bukan merupakan peraturan mekanikal, melainkan prinsip-prinsip pedoman standar yang berisi perhatian dan peringatan terhadap para evaluator dimasa yang lampau, dan mengidentifikasikan praktek-praktek yang secara umum disetujui untuk tidak diterima
Developing of teaching materials for junior high school students based on ethnomathematics on traditional woven cloth (Tembe Nggoli) of Mbojo tribe
Authors: Sowanto
Published: November 2019

This research is based on the absence of teaching materials about the concept of geometry that is able to facilitate the students connecting the culture, especially tembe nggoli which is one of the traditional woven cloth of mbojo-NTB with the concept of mathematics. Ethnomathematics is a mathematical bridge with culture, and ethnography recognizes the different ways of doing mathematics in community activities. The result of this study is to produce teaching materials in the form of students' worksheets. The method used is design research which includes: (1) preliminary design, in this phase is made Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT); (2) experiments, in this phase existing designs are tested to students; (3) retrospective analysis, in this phase the researchers compare the HLT with the actual student learning process. The results of this research showed that tasks which were presented in teaching materials by considering learning obstacle and preliminary study able to facilitate students to define the properties of triangles based on their angle.
The Neural Substrates of Conscious Perception without Performance Confounds
Authors: Morales Jorge , Odegaard Brian , Maniscalco Brian
Published: November 2019

How does the brain give rise to consciousness? A common approach to addressing this question in neuroscience research involves analyzing differences in neural activity in experimental conditions where consciousness of a stimulus differs. However, unless careful measures are taken, conditions that differ in awareness typically also differ in perceptual task performance, e.g. stimulus detection and discrimination. A large body of research demonstrates that task performance and awareness can dissociate, indicating that they are separate mental processes with separate underlying mechanisms. Thus, task performance looms as a potential confound in consciousness science: computational and neural processes attributed to differences in consciousness may actually be better attributed to correlated but distinct differences in task performance. Here we present an extended exploration of the issue of task performance confounds in consciousness research. We describe the approach of performance matching (i.e. creating experimental conditions that yield identical task performance yet different levels of awareness) as a solution to the problem of performance confounds, and discuss why it is not appropriate to artificially match performance by post-hoc selection of trials (e.g. analyzing correct trials only). We review a growing literature demonstrating matched-performance / different-awareness effects using a variety of experimental designs and discuss signal detection theory models that can both explain extant results and guide the design of future research. Finally, we consider caveats and nuances for performance matching approaches and propose that future research could pool across multiple experimental designs with disjoint sets of confounds to triangulate on the confound-free neural substrates of consciousness.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHENOMENON BASED LEARNING (PHENOBL) MODEL APPLICATION FOR IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING RESULTS IN OPTICAL MATERIALS
Authors: Putri Tesa Liantika , Azizahwati Azizahwati , Islami Nur
Published: November 2019

The learning process of physics at school, the topics is sometime less relatedto the existing dailylifephenomenon.This condition causes low improvement of students' cognitive learning result. In this case, it was a necessary to apply a learning model to improve student learning result by applying phenomenon based learning model (PhenoBL). Quasi experiment in the form of nonequivalent control group design as the model of the research. The instrument to collect data used test of student cognitive at pretest and posttest, respectively. The Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of descriptive analysis show the average absorption rate of experiment class is 71.05% and control class is 63.33% which both classes are in a good category. In the paired sample t-test results stated an increasing of students cognitive learning outcomes from pretest to posttest. This can also be seen from the inferential analysis in that means there was a significant differences between experimental class and kontrol class. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of PhenoBL model can improve student learning outcomes of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Pekanbaru on optical material.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEST INSTRUMENTS BASED ON SCIENCE LITERATION IN ENERGY MATERIALS IN LIFE SYSTEM
Authors: Elnica Nurul , Yennita Yennita , Sahal Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Science literacy is the capacity of individuals to use scientific knowledge to be able to make the right decisionsrelated to nature and human interaction. This study aims to produce test instruments based on scientific literacyon energy matter in living systems. The research method used is Research and Development (R & D) using theADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development- Implemtation-Evaluation) development model. The stages of the studybegan with an analysis of the problems of science literacy skills of Indonesian students, then proceeded todevelop indicators of questions based on the PISA 2015 indicators. After the indicators were developed, theywere followed by making questions and question validation by 3 expert validators. Questions that have beenvalidity tested are limited to 31 students. Data obtained from logical validity and limited trials. Then the data isanalyzed descriptively. The results of the analysis of the data obtained are, the validation assessment of scienceliteracy-based test instruments on energy material in living systems by experts is 79.39% with valid validitylevels, while the assessment of limited trials is obtained from the validity of 17 questions declared valid and havevalue reliability of 0.6 with moderate reliability.
Athlètes, sports et jeux sur les monnaies antiques
Authors: Brousseau Louis
Published: November 2019

L’iconographie monétaire est une source documentaire extrêmement variée. De nombreux thèmes y sont exploités par les cités, notamment les sports et les athlètes. Dans cette étude nous analyserons l’utilisation de thèmes sportifs dans les monnayages antiques, principalement grec, mais également dans les monnayages romain et provincial. Parfois, l’utilisation d’une scène sportive est récurrente, et constitue le type principal de la cité comme c’est le cas à Aspendos, mais la plupart du temps, ce choix iconographique est ponctuel. Il peut servir à souligner une victoire aux jeux et à glorifier le vainqueur, à l’instar des odes de Pindare. Les tyrans de Sicile furent ainsi les premiers à mettre leur victoire en valeur à travers leurs monnayages. Du fait de sa large circulation, tant dans le temps que dans l’espace, la monnaie offrait ainsi un médium intéressant pour glorifier un vainqueur et diffuser leur exploit. Certains types commémoratifs qui apparurent sur les monnayages à la suite d’une victoire furent repris par d’autres cités et devinrent populaires. C’est le cas par exemple du quadrige en Sicile. Cependant, bien que certains types soient assurément à mettre en relation avec des victoires aux jeux, de nombreuses scènes ne peuvent être reliées directement avec un événement précis. Le cas particulier du monnayage d’Olympie, le seul monnayage associé avec des jeux panhelléniques, sera également abordé puisqu’il est en quelque sorte indissociable des sports.
AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA DI NAGARI SICINCIN KECAMATAN 2X11 ENAM LINGKUNG KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Fitria Nita , Nofrivul Nofrivul
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to study the accountability of Nagari financial management in Sicincin, 2X11 Enam Lingkung, Padang Pariaman regency in 2017. This type of research is Field Research with descriptive method. Data collection techniques in this research used interviews and collection of documents. The results showed that the government of 2X11 Enam Lingkung Nagari Sicincin of Padang Pariaman Regency had applied the principles of accountability in the management of Nagari finance in 2017. In general, accountability had begun to be implemented. However, there are still some indicators of accountability criteria that have not been implemented by the government of Nagari Sicincin.
Zwischenräume – die Sportumkleide als Raum praktischer Geschlechterpolitik im Sport
Authors: Schmechel Corinna
Published: November 2019

In diesem Beitrag werden Praktiken der konventionellen zweigeschlechtlichen Umkleideorganisation in ihrer Relevanz für die Sportpartizipation von LGBTI*-Personen hervorgehoben, um anschließend alternative Praktiken zu diskutieren. Es werden exemplarische Umkleide-Strukturpraktiken queerer Sportkontexte beschrieben, um aus einer emotions- und raumsoziologischen Perspektive deren Potentiale und Grenzen für Fragen der In- und Exklusion aufzuzeigen.
Correlation of bile acids and aspartate-aminotransferase with outcomes in cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Juusela A.L. , Cordero L. , Gimovsky M. , Nazir M.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To identify laboratory data that correlates with poor perinatal outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), admitted for delivery between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, was performed. Chi-square, student’s t-test, and ANOVA statistical analysis was performed. The receiver-operator characteristic curves were plotted for the prediction of each category of perinatal outcome and the areas under the curves were determined. All p-values were two-sided, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Analysis of the 61 ICP cases showed no occurrence of the intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), stillbirth, abruption, or neonatal demise. ROC curve analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between bile acid and AST levels and perinatal outcomes. A bile acid (BA) level equal to or greater than 37μmol/L strongly predicted spontaneous preterm labor in women affected by ICP with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 60.70% (p = 0.002). A BA level equal to or greater than 42μmol/L strongly predicted meconium-stained amniotic fluid with a sensitivity of 85.70% and specificity of 66.70% (p = 0.006). AST levels equal to or greater than 62 IU/L strongly predicted NICU admission with a sensitivity of 81.30% and specificity of 62.20% (p = 0.002). AST levels equal to or greater than 75 IU/L strongly predicted hyperbilirubinemia in the neonates with a sensitivity of 87.50% and specificity of 69.80% (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant correlation between elevated BA and elevated AST levels and adverse perinatal outcomes.
Revisiting the Biological Variability of Cardiac Troponin: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Lan Nick , Bell Damon
Published: November 2019

The diagnosis of acute myocardial injury requires a rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin (cTn) on serial testing, with at least one concentration above the 99th percentile value of a normal reference population according to the recently published Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction.1 However, the magnitude of change in cTn that constitutes a significant rise and/or fall was again not specified in detail. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays can measure ten-fold lower concentrations of cTn with more precision than older assays, and can accurately quantitate cTn in more than 50% of healthy individuals with a coefficient of variation of less than 10% at the 99th percentile. These hs-cTn assays are also able to detect the normal variations in cTn results that are due to biological variability. Understanding and quantifying the normal variations in cTn is important as this would allow significant changes to be better defined. Numerous studies have sought to investigate the biological variability of cTn over the last ten years. Such studies are usually conducted in healthy individuals, however individuals with chronic cardiac disease or chronic renal failure have also been examined. These studies have yielded varying results in regards to significant change values for cTn. In light of the recent redefinition for myocardial infarction, the purpose of this mini-review is to revisit the biological variability of cTn. In particular, we outline concepts for determining a significant change value, review the results of previous studies on the biological variation of cTn and discuss potential considerations for clinical practice.
JOB CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH THE EYES OF THE YOUNG GENERATION: SURVEY RESEARCH YOUTH AND THEIR MOTIVES FOR MILITARY PROFESSION
Authors: TROHA NATAŠA , GORENAK NUŠA
Published: November 2019

In the Slovenian Armed Forces, we conducted a survey research entitled Slovenian youth and their motives for the military profession to determine the characteristics of a generation of young people. The questionnaire, which was designed for the purpose of the research, used various questions to examine the interest of young people to work in the military and in the Slovenian Armed Forces. We aimed to identify the values, hobbies and interests of young people and how they perceive different job characteristics.
In this article, we focus on how Slovenian high school students perceive job characteristics. We were interested in what is more attractive to them at work and what is less attractive.
The results show that the youth’s main motives for work are related to pay, good relationships, promotion opportunities, job security and orderliness. Family also plays an important role. They want to know the meaning of their effort and to acquire the skills that can come useful in their lives. The characteristics of the military profession are not among the most interesting motives. An analysis by gender, type of the high school programme, and the interest in the military work show that the characteristics of the military profession are more attractive to male students, students of vocational programmes, and especially to those who have expressed a desire to work in the military.

Key words
Military profession, job characteristics, motives of the young generation.
STUDY OF THE MILITARY LEADERSHIP CONCEPT IN THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES
Authors: HORVAT MARJAN
Published: November 2019

The main theme of the paper is the Concept of Military Leadership in the Slovenian Armed Forces, which currently represents the highest substantive and guiding normative act in the field of military leadership in the Slovenian Armed Forces (hereinafter referred to as the SAF). Due to the enormous importance of this field in working with people and the aim of influencing the change of the concept, the paper analysed and compared the concepts of military leadership in other selected armed forces and looked for similarities and divergences, especially in two segments - substantive and normative. On the one hand, we have shown the substantive obsolescence and inadequate normative rank of the Concept of Military Leadership in the Slovenian Armed Forces and, on the other hand, the necessity of substantive updating with concrete proposals and arguments for the development of the Doctrine of Military Leadership in the SAF.
Key words
Leadership, armed forces, Concept of Military Leadership in the SAF
Decreasing academic stress through problem-focused coping strategy for junior high school students
Authors: Mujahidah Nurma Eliya , Astuti Budi , Nhung Le Ngoc Ai
Published: November 2019

The study aims at identifying the influence of the problem-focused coping strategy on academic stress decrease of VIII Grade students in junior high schools. The study is a quantitative research using quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control group design. During the conduct of the study, the population of the participants was 180 students and the samples were gathered from the population by means of purposive sampling technique. The total number of the sample was 10 students, consisting of 5 students as the members of the experimental group and 5 students as the members of the control group. Then, the instrument that had been implemented in the group was the academic stress scale. On the other hand, the data analysis technique that had been implemented in the study was the non-parametric statistics namely the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study show that the problem-focused coping strategy has influence on academic stress decrease with the rate of significance 5% (sig. = 0.042, p < 0.05). Therefore, it might be safely concluded that the problem-focused coping strategy has influence on the academic stress decrease among the Grade VIII students in junior high schools.
The Cult of the Dead among North American Indians
Authors: HULTKRANTZ ÅKE
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Approaches in the Sociology of Religion
Authors: ALLARDT ERIK
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Role-taking of the Shaman
Authors: HONKO LAURI
Published: November 2019

No abstract available.
Genre Analysis in Folkloristics and Comparative Religion
Authors: HONKO LAURI
Published: November 2019

No abstract available.
Seasonal acclimation of thermal performance in two species of reef-building corals
Authors: Jurriaans S , Hoogenboom MO
Published: November 2019

Thermal performance curves describe the relationship between temperature and the rate of biological processes. These relationships can vary among species and environments, allowing organisms to acclimatize to their local thermal regime. This study quantified the seasonal variation in the thermal performance of several coral and symbiont-dominated physiological traits for the thermally tolerant coral speciesPorites cylindricaand the thermally sensitive coral speciesAcropora valenciennesi. Photosynthesis rates, respiration rates, maximum photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield and electron transport rates were measured in winter and summer on coral fragments exposed to an acute temperature increase and decrease up to 5°C above and below the average seawater temperature in each season. Results showed that colonies ofA. valenciennesiacclimated primarily by shifting their optimal temperature to a higher temperature in summer, whereas colonies ofP. cylindricahad broader thermal breadth during summer. For symbionts within both species, performance was higher at all temperatures in summer, while the thermal optima and performance breadth remained unchanged. Despite these changes in thermal performance, the thermal optima of most traits did not match the ambient environmental temperature, but fell between the summer and winter temperatures. Overall, these results showed that both coral species were physiologically plastic in response to temperature change, but that there are constraints on the rate or capacity for acclimation that prevent a perfect match between the average temperature of the environment and the thermal optimum of the species.
Bread and Circuses: Sustainability vs. Commodity Culture in theHunger Games
Authors: Harrison Jennifer
Published: November 2019

A striking feature of the Hunger Games trilogy is the way Suzanne Collins ties together issues of environmental exploitation and crisis with political issues of economic exploitation and inequality to provide an overarching dystopian critique of consumer culture. Additionally, she models solutions not only in the form of collective political action, but also in terms of individual lifestyle choices and communal practices. The books suggest that even small changes in mindset and lifestyle can make a difference to overwhelming social and environmental issues. The Hunger Games trilogy reveals exploitative and anthropocentric consumer-driven culture as a normative context in Western society, whilst simultaneously drawing attention to alternative place-based, bio-centric, communal and sustainable potential relationships to the environment.
Some Results on Shop Scheduling with S-Precedence Constraints among Job Tasks
Authors: Agnetis Alessandro , Rossi Fabrizio , Smriglio Stefano
Published: November 2019

We address some special cases of job shop and flow shop scheduling problems with s-precedence constraints. Unlike the classical setting, in which precedence constraints among the tasks of a job are finish–start, here the task of a job cannot start before the task preceding it has started. We give polynomial exact algorithms for the following problems: a two-machine job shop with two jobs when recirculation is allowed (i.e., jobs can visit the same machine many times), a two-machine flow shop, and an m-machine flow shop with two jobs. We also point out some special cases whose complexity status is open.
Collaborative Innovation in Public Administration: Theoretical Background and Research Trends of Co-Production and Co-Creation
Authors: Jukić Tina , Pevcin Primož , Benčina Jože , Dečman Mitja , Vrbek Sanja
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the results of the content analysis of 139 Web of Science papers focused on collaborative innovation with external stakeholders of public administration, specifically on co-production and co-creation. The analysis included papers published between 2009 and 2018 and was based on a coding scheme consisting of 12 parameters grouped into four groups: paper descriptors, financial support of the research, methodological framework, and co-creation characteristics. The results reveal a considerable increase in researchers’ interest in co-production and co-creation in the context of public administration in the last few years. This is particularly the case in Northern and Western Europe, where Anglo-Saxon and Nordic administrative traditions dominate. Furthermore, the results show that co-creation is most often placed in the contexts of social policy and welfare, as well as health care. Over the selected period, research seldom addressed companies as a target group in the co-creation of public services—in comparison to citizens and internal users. More than three quarters of the papers observed were empirical and less than 20% were quantitative. In general, a lack of conceptual clarity was often identified through the interchangeable usage of the terms co-creation and co-creation and the low level of international comparison—the majority of the papers focused on case descriptions at a national level, even though collaborative innovation is strongly related to administrative traditions dominating in specific regions.
Agro-Environmental Benefit and Risk of Manure- and Bone Meal-Derived Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials as Soil Amendments: Availability of PAHs, PTEs, and P
Authors: Frišták Vladimír , Pipíška Martin , Soja Gerhard , Klokočíková Packová Alena , Hubeňák Michal , Kadlečíková Magdaléna
Published: November 2019

The worldwide boom of biochar and pyrogenic carbonaceous material application as a potential soil additive has brought about not only agricultural benefits such as enhanced crop yield, nutrients supply (P), and soil organic carbon increase, but also, on the other hand, environmental risk of organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and potentially toxic element (PTE) penetration into arable soils. Therefore, our study assessed pyrogenic carbonaceous materials (PCM) produced from the P-rich feedstocks—chicken manure (CM) and bone meal (BM)—as promising and safe alternatives for inorganic P fertilizers. Pyrogenic materials produced in the process of slow pyrolysis at residence time 2 h, 400 and 500 °C, were characterized by determination of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), elemental analysis of total C, H, N, S scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total content of P, selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and available forms of PTEs and P by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL) extractions. CMPCM4, CMPCM5, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were characterized by determination of total 16 US-EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) PAHs by toluene extraction protocol and available concentrations by Tenax resin approach. Additionally, CMPCM4, CMPCM4, BMPCM4, and BMPCM5 were tested in earthworm avoidance test with Eisenia foetita and short-term rye-seedling germination test. Obtained results showed decreasing of total carbon in the order of BM > BMPCM4 > BMPCM5 and increasing in the order of CM < CMPCM4 < CMPCM5. Total phosphorus content increased from 56.8 ± 1.7 g kg−1 (BM) to 85.2 ± 4.2 g kg−1 (BMPCM4) to 110.5 ± 7.0 g kg−1 (BMPCM5). In the case of chicken manure-derived pyrogenic materials, total phosphorus content increased in the order of CM (22.9 ± 2.0 g kg−1) < CMPCM4 (37.0 ± 4.5 g kg−1) < CMPCM5 (40.0 ± 3.4 g kg−1). Availability of selected PTEs and P decreased in pyrogenic materials compared to feedstock. Total concentration of ∑16-US-EPA PAHs in BMPCM4 and BMPCM5 was 3.92 mg kg−1; CMPCM4, 7.33 mg kg−1; and CMPCM, 6.69 mg kg−1. The Tenax-available ∑16-PAHs showed concentrations of 0.53 mg kg−1 for BMPCM4, 0.26 mg kg−1 for BMPCM5, 1.13 mg kg−1 for CMPCM4, and 0.35 mg kg−1 for CMPCM5. Total P concentrations determined in rye aboveground tissues showed the highest accumulation ability in the case of CMPCM5 compared to other samples. Pyrogenic carbonaceous materials produced from chicken manure and bone meal at 400 and 500 °C have the potential to be P slow release fertilizers and may be ecologically safe.
N-acetylcysteine Decreases Fibrosis and Increases Force-Generating Capacity of mdx Diaphragm
Authors: Burns David P. , Drummond Sarah E. , Bolger Dearbhla , Coiscaud Amélie , Murphy Kevin H. , Edge Deirdre , O’Halloran Ken D.
Published: November 2019

Respiratory muscle weakness occurs due to dystrophin deficiency in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The mdx mouse model of DMD shows evidence of impaired respiratory muscle performance with attendant inflammation and oxidative stress. We examined the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on respiratory system performance in mdx mice. Eight-week-old male wild type (n = 10) and mdx (n = 20) mice were studied; a subset of mdx (n = 10) received 1% NAC in the drinking water for 14 days. We assessed breathing, diaphragm, and external intercostal electromyogram (EMG) activities and inspiratory pressure during ventilatory and non-ventilatory behaviours. Diaphragm muscle structure and function, cytokine concentrations, glutathione status, and mRNA expression were determined. Diaphragm force-generating capacity was impaired in mdx compared with wild type. Diaphragm muscle remodelling was observed in mdx, characterized by increased muscle fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, and central myonucleation. NAC supplementation rescued mdx diaphragm function. Collagen content and immune cell infiltration were decreased in mdx + NAC compared with mdx diaphragms. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and KC/GRO were increased in mdx plasma and diaphragm compared with wild type; NAC decreased systemic IL-1β and KC/GRO concentrations in mdx mice. We reveal that NAC treatment improved mdx diaphragm force-generating capacity associated with beneficial anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. These data support the potential use of NAC as an adjunctive therapy in human dystrophinopathies.
Single-Kernel FT-NIR Spectroscopy for Detecting Maturity of Cucumber Seeds Using a Multiclass Hierarchical Classification Strategy
Authors: Zeng Fanguo , Lü Enli , Qiu Guangjun , Lu Huazhong , Jiang Biao
Published: November 2019

The maturity of seeds at harvest determines their intrinsic quality characteristics such as longevity and vigor, and these characteristics are dominant factors for seed quality evaluation in the seed industry. However, little information is available on how to identify and further classify the maturation stage of seeds in a way that is nondestructive, precise, rapid, and inexpensive, while also exactly meeting the need for the uniform control of seed performance in the seed industry to improve crop yield. This study demonstrated a nondestructive method for detecting seed maturity by using the single-kernel near-infrared spectroscopy (SK-NIRS) technique. The results showed that five classes of cucumber seeds with different maturation levels can be distinguished successfully. A tree-structured hierarchical classification strategy consisting of one soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) model and three partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were proposed ending up with 99.69% of the overall classification accuracy and 0.9961 of Cohen’s kappa in the test set, and its predictive performance was superior to both SIMCA and PLS-DA for direct multiclass classification. SK-NIRS in combination with a multiclass hierarchical classification strategy was proved to be both intuitive and efficient in classifying cucumber seeds according to maturation levels.
Phase Balancing and Reactive Power Support Services for Microgrids
Authors: Charalambous Anastasis , Hadjidemetriou Lenos , Zacharia Lazaros , Bintoudi Angelina D. , Tsolakis Apostolos C. , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Kyriakides Elias
Published: November 2019

Alternating current (AC) microgrids are expected to operate as active components within smart distribution grids in the near future. The high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources and the rapid electrification of the thermal and transportation sectors pose serious challenges that must be addressed by modern distribution system operators. Hence, new solutions should be developed to overcome these issues. Microgrids can be considered as a great candidate for the provision of ancillary services since they are more flexible to coordinate their distributed generation sources and their loads. This paper proposes a method for compensating microgrid power factor and loads asymmetries by utilizing advanced functionalities enabled by grid tied inverters of photovoltaics and energy storage systems. Further, a central controller has been developed for adaptively regulating the provision of both reactive power and phase balancing services according to the measured loading conditions at the microgrid’s point of common coupling. An experimental validation with a laboratory scale inverter and a real time hardware in the loop investigation demonstrates that the provision of such ancillary services by the microgrid can significantly improve the operation of distribution grids in terms of power quality, energy losses and utilization of available capacity.