bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioprinted research models of urological malignancy
Authors: Wang Guanyi , Mao Xiongmin , Wang Wang , Wang Xiaolong , Li Sheng , Wang Zijian
Published: February 2024

Urological malignancy (UM) is among the leading threats to health care worldwide. Recent years have seen much investment in fundamental UM research, including mechanistic investigation, early diagnosis, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine. However, the results are not fully satisfactory. Bioprinted research models (BRMs) with programmed spatial structures and functions can serve as powerful research tools and are likely to disrupt traditional UM research paradigms. Herein, a comprehensive review of BRMs of UM is presented. It begins with a brief introduction and comparison of existing UM research models, emphasizing the advantages of BRMs, such as modeling real tissues and organs. Six kinds of mainstream bioprinting techniques used to fabricate such BRMs are summarized with examples. Thereafter, research advances in the applications of UM BRMs, such as culturing tumor spheroids and organoids, modeling cancer metastasis, mimicking the tumor microenvironment, constructing organ chips for drug screening, and isolating circulating tumor cells, are comprehensively discussed. At the end of this review, current challenges and future development directions of BRMs and UM are highlighted from the perspective of interdisciplinary science.
Low‐frequency rTMS induces modifications in cortical structural connectivity ‐ functional connectivity coupling in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations
Authors: Xie Yuanjun , Li Chenxi , Guan Muzhen , Zhang Tian , Ma Chaozong , Wang Zhongheng , Ma Zhujing , Wang Huaning , Fang Peng
Published: February 2024

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are distinctive clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. While low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated potential in mitigating AVH, the precise mechanisms by which it operates remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate alternations in structural connectivity and functional connectivity (SC‐FC) coupling among schizophrenia patients with AVH prior to and following treatment with 1 Hz rTMS that specifically targets the left temporoparietal junction. Initially, patients exhibited significantly reduced macroscopic whole brain level SC‐FC coupling compared to healthy controls. Notably, SC‐FC coupling increased significantly across multiple networks, including the somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, frontoparietal control, and default mode networks, following rTMS treatment. Significant alternations in SC‐FC coupling were noted in critical nodes comprising the somatomotor network and the default mode network, such as the precentral gyrus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, respectively. The alternations in SC‐FC coupling exhibited a correlation with the amelioration of clinical symptom. The results of our study illuminate the intricate relationship between white matter structures and neuronal activity in patients who are receiving low‐frequency rTMS. This advances our understanding of the foundational mechanisms underlying rTMS treatment for AVH.
Exosomal miR‐93 derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cell promotes the sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma through PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Bao Yuanpeng , Xu Song , Zhou Junjing , Zhao Chongyong , Dai Saimin , Zhang Yong , Rao Min
Published: February 2024

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from cancer cell is an important regulatory molecule that mediates the formation of tumor drug resistance, but function and mechanisms of exosomal miRNA in sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been studied. We detected the level and prognosis of miR‐93 in HCC by using TCGA HCC database. For confirming the extracted exosome, transmission electron microscopy was used. Cy3‐labeled miR‐93 and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were used to prove that exosomal miR‐93 derived from HCC cell can be transferred to sensitive HCC cells. CCK8, EdU, and flow cytometer assay were used to confirm the function of exosomal miR‐93 in sorafenib resistance of HCC. Bioinformatics software and luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the direct targeting relationship between PTEN and miR‐93. Western blot was used to validate downstream pathways. We found that miR‐93 is overexpressed and a prognostic risk factor for the HCC patients. miR‐93 was overexpressed in sorafenib resistant HCC cells compared with sensitive cells, and miR‐93 contributed to sorafenib resistance of HCC cells through targeting PTEN. miR‐93 was enriched in exosomes that secreted from sorafenib resistant cells, and these exosomal miR‐93 promote the spread of sorafenib resistant through targeting PTEN to reactivate PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, miR‐93 can act as a potential therapeutic target for advanced patients with acquired sorafenib resistance.
Potential energy surfaces and dynamic properties via ab initio composite and density functional approaches
Authors: Patel Prajay , Chung Joseph , Bowman Max Aksel , Ulusoy Inga , Wilson Angela K.
Published: February 2024

Vibrational spectroscopy enables critical insight into the structural and dynamic properties of molecules. Presently, the majority of theoretical approaches to spectroscopy employ wavefunction‐based ab initio or density functional methods that rely on the harmonic approximation. This approximation breaks down for large molecules with strongly anharmonic bonds or for molecules with large internuclear separations. An alternative to these methods involves generating molecular anharmonic potential energy surfaces (potentials) and using them to extrapolate the vibrational frequencies. This study examines the efficacy of density functional theory (DFT) and the correlation consistent Composite Approach (ccCA) in generating anharmonic frequencies from potentials of small main group molecules. Vibrational self‐consistent field Theory (VSCF) and post‐VSCF methods were used to calculate the fundamental frequencies of these molecules from their potentials. Functional choice, basis set selection, and mode‐coupling are also examined as factors in influencing accuracy. The absolute deviations for the calculated frequencies using potentials at the ccCA level of theory were lower than the potentials at the DFT level. With DFT resulting in bending modes that are better described than those of ccCA, a multilevel DFT:ccCA approach where DFT potentials are used for single vibrational mode potentials and ccCA is used for vibrational mode‐mode couplings can be utilized for larger polyatomic systems. The frequencies obtained with this multilevel approach using VCIPSI‐PT2 were closer to experimental frequencies than the scaled harmonic frequencies, indicating the success of utilizing post‐VSCF methods to generate more accurate representations of computed infrared spectra.
Targeting TAOK1 with resveratrol inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Song Mengqiu , Qu Yingzi , Jia Huajie , Zhang Yunqing , Liu Shihui , Laster Kyle Vaughn , Choi Bu Young , Tian Jie , Gu Tingxuan , Chen Hanyong , Liu Kangdong , Lee Mee‐Hyun , Dong Zigang
Published: February 2024

The worldwide incidence and mortality rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have increased over the last decade. Moreover, molecular targets that may benefit the therapeutics of patients with ESCC have not been fully characterized. Our study discovered that thousand and one amino‐acid protein kinase 1 (TAOK1) is highly expressed in ESCC tumor tissues and cell lines. Knock‐down of TAOK1 suppresses ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and patient‐derived xenograft or cell‐derived xenograft tumors growth in vivo. Moreover, TAOK1 overexpression promotes ESCC growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we identified that the natural small molecular compound resveratrol binds to TAOK1 directly and diminishes the kinase activity of TAOK1. Targeting TAOK1 directly with resveratrol significantly inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and suppresses tumor growth in ESCC. Furthermore, the silencing of TAOK1 or the application of resveratrol attenuated the activation of TAOK1 downstream signaling effectors. Interestingly, combining resveratrol with paclitaxel, cisplatin, or 5‐fluorouracil synergistically enhanced their therapeutic effects against ESCC. In conclusion, this work illustrates the underlying oncogenic function of TAOK1 and provides a theoretical basis for the application of targeting TAOK1 therapy to the clinical treatment of ESCC.
Creating uniform cluster dose spread‐out Bragg peaks for proton and carbon beams
Authors: Ortiz Ramon , Faddegon Bruce
Published: February 2024

Background

Preliminary data have shown a close association of the generalized ionization cluster size dose (in short, cluster dose) with cell survival, independent of particle type, and energy, when cluster dose is derived from an ionization detail parameter preferred for its association with cell survival. Such results suggest cluster dose has the potential to replace RBE‐weighted dose in proton and ion beam radiotherapy treatment plan optimization, should a uniform cluster dose lead to comparable biological effects. However, further preclinical investigations are warranted to confirm this premise.

Purpose

To present an analytical approach to create uniform cluster dose spread‐out Bragg peaks (SOBP) for evaluation of the potential of cluster dose to result in uniform biological effect.

Methods

We modified the coefficients of the Bortfeld and Schlegel weight formula, an analytical method typically used for the creation of radiation dose SOBP in particle therapy, to produce uniform cluster dose SOBP of different widths (1–5 cm) at relevant clinical proton and carbon beam energies. Optimum parameters were found by minimization of the ratio between the maximum and minimum cluster dose in the SOBP region using the Nelder–Mead method.

Results

The coefficients of the Bortfeld and Schlegel weight formula leading to uniform cluster dose SOBPs were determined for each combination of beam energy and SOBP width studied. The uniformity of the resulting cluster dose SOBPs, calculated as the relative difference between the maximum and minimum cluster dose within the SOBP, was within 0.3%–3.5% for the evaluated proton beams and 1.3%–3.4% for the evaluated carbon beams.

Conclusions

The modifications to the analytical approach to create radiation dose SOBPs resulted in uniform cluster dose proton and carbon SOBPs over a wide range of beam energies and SOBP widths. Such SOBPs should prove valuable in preclinical investigations for the selection of nanodosimetric quantities to be used in proton and ion therapy treatment planning.
Modeling and coupling analysis of enhanced coalbed methane recovery by gas injection
Authors: Zhang Junxiang , Jiang Yanling , Li Bo , Guo Junjie , Lu Weiyong , Qu Lina
Published: February 2024

Enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery by gas injection is regarded as a feasible method for ECBM recovery. To investigate the mechanism of CH4 displacement by N2 injection, a series of physical experiments were conducted in the laboratory under different N2 injection pressures. The experimental results showed a continuous increase in the N2 volume fraction and a decrease in the CH4 volume fraction with the N2 injection pressure. The CH4 displacement efficiency increases rapidly in the initial stage and then gradually stabilizes. Given the effect of matrix shrinkage and effective stress on coal permeability, a dynamic multi‐field coupling model of ECBM recovery by N2 injection (N2‐ECBM) was proposed in this work. Then, numerical simulations were implemented by the coupling model to analyze the key factors affecting coal permeability, N2 injection pressure and CH4 pressure during the N2–ECBM process. Furthermore, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the interactions of multiple factors, the results reveal that an increase in one factor would weaken the influence of another factor. In addition, a RSM regression model was obtained and verified by the experimental data, with a well‐fitting outcomes. Therefore, the RSM model can be used in practical engineering applications to optimize specific extraction parameters for ECBM recovery at minimum cost in a limited extraction period.
Ultraviolet Light‐Assisted Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant 2‐Chloroethyl Phenyl Sulfide on Metal‐Loaded TiO2/Ti Surfaces
Authors: Jang Hye Ji. , Yun Gaeun , Shim Huieun , Hwang Seon Young , Kim So Young , Kim Jeongkwon , Jung Heesoo , Khan Mohammad Mansoob , Sohn Youngku
Published: February 2024

The application of ultraviolet (UV) light for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has gained recognition as an effective method, especially for treating hard‐to‐reach areas where wet chemical methods are impractical. In this study, TiO2/Ti was employed as a model catalyst, which was contaminated with 2‐chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS), and subjected to photocatalytic decontamination using both UVB and UVC light. Additionally, photocatalytic decontamination efficiency by introducing Au, Pt, and Cu onto the TiO2/Ti surface was explored. During the photodecomposition process under UVC light, at least eight distinct secondary byproducts were identified. It was observed that the introduction of overlayer metals did not significantly enhance the photodecomposition under UVC light instead overlaid Au exhibited substantially improved activity under UVB light. Whereas, photodecomposition process under UVB light, only five secondary products were detected, including novel compounds with sulfoxide and sulfone functional groups. This novel study offers valuable insights into the generation of secondary products and sheds light on the roles of overlayer metals and photon wavelength in the photodecontamination process of CWA.
A comparison between laboratory‐scale and large‐scale high‐intensity washing of flexible polyethylene packaging waste
Authors: Boz Noyan Ezgi Ceren , Boldizar Antal
Published: February 2024

Sorted flexible polyethylene packaging waste was washed on a laboratory scale at both 25 and 40°C with water alone, with water and added NaOH, and with water and added detergent. The washed materials were then compounded using a twin‐screw extruder and injection molded. The results were compared with those for an unwashed and a large‐scale high‐intensity sample washed with NaOH at 70–80°C. An intensive washing combined with high temperature gave a lower extensibility both in the molten and solid states presumably because of a greater degradation of the recycled material. Washing with NaOH resulted in the lowest strain‐at‐break in both the melt and solid states, whereas washing with water alone or with a detergent gave similar strain‐at‐break levels. The melt strength, the stiffness and tensile strengths at room temperature, and the thermal properties were less affected by the washing procedure. Although the final properties seem to be useful in general there were still some trade‐offs between the washing condition and the degradation. While these results were expected, the influence of washing parameters on final product, for example, injection molded sample, has to our knowledge not been shown before especially regarding the mechanical properties.

Highlights

Post‐consumer flexible polyethylene packaging waste was studied with a focus on washing conditions.

The influence of washing conditions on thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of recycled samples was investigated.

High‐intensity washing at high temperature caused significant degradation of the material, this was to our understanding shown for the first time.
A fibrous scaffold for in vitro culture and experimental studies of Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Calcutt Ryan , Aghli Yasaman , Arinzeh Treena , Dixit Ram
Published: February 2024

The model moss, Physcomitrium patens, is routinely cultured on cellophane placed over a solid nutrient medium. While this culture method is convenient for moss propagation, it is not suitable for studying how topographical features and mechanical cues from the environment influence the growth and development of moss. Here, we show that P. patens can be grown on fibrous scaffolds consisting of nanoscale, randomly oriented fibers composed of polyvinylidene tri‐fluoroethylene (NRP). The moss adheres tightly to NRP in contrast to the lack of adhesion to cellophane. Adhesion to the scaffold is associated with slower tip growth of moss protonema for some time, followed by an increase in tip growth rate that is equivalent to that on cellophane. In addition, the orientation of the first subapical cell division plane differs between NRP‐grown and cellophane‐grown protonema. Nonetheless, moss colonies grown on NRP did not show signs of nutrient or photosynthetic stress and developed normal gametophores. Together, these data establish NRP as a suitable substrate for the culture of P. patens and to probe the influence of mechanical forces on tip growth and cell division of moss.
Optimising 3D printing parameters through experimental techniques and ANOVA‐Based statistical analysis
Authors: Naveed Nida , Anwar Muhammad Naveed
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the manufacturing industry by enabling the fabrication of complex geometries and designs with ease. 3D printing—fused deposition modeling (FDM) has emerged as a prevalent technique, owing to its versatility and cost‐effectiveness. However, the FDM process is complex and depends on multiple parameters, which makes it challenging to obtain high‐quality and consistent 3D printed components. The purpose of this study is to simplify the printing process for users and potentially improve the overall quality and consistency of printed objects. This research delved into optimising 3D printing parameters, specifically raster orientation and in‐fill speed, for PLA material through three experimental studies. The mean effect of these parameters and the effects of their interaction through analysis of variance (ANOVA) on tensile properties were also discussed. Initial experiments identified the most suitable parameters and its optimal values for PLA, which were then applied to five different materials: PETG, PLA tough, Recycle PLA, Plain PLA, and ABS. Tensile tests assessed the printed parts, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze fracture interfaces and material failure causes. This study identified a raster of 45°/−45° and 30 mm/s infill speed as optimal for diverse 3D printing materials. Notably, ABS, PETG, and tough PLA exhibited better tensile strengths, surpassing manufacturer benchmarks. However, Plain PLA and Recycled PLA, despite lower tensile strengths, proved valuable for specific applications. Interestingly, all tested materials showed greater flexibility than manufacturer recommendations, suggesting their suitability in scenarios needing both strength and flexibility. This study's results offer promising avenues for refining 3D printing practices, to the advantage of all users. The findings from this study offer significant insights for future research to investigate the effect of other process parameters on the quality of 3D printed parts, leading to further advancements of AM.

Highlights

Optimised 3D printing parameters.

Applicability of optimised settings extended across various materials.

ABS, PETG, and tough PLA exceeded manufacturer benchmarks in tensile strength.

Experimental and ANOVA findings are in good agreement, revealing significant process parameters.
Application of recombinase polymerase amplification with CRISPR/Cas12a and multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification with lateral flow dipstick assay for Bactrocera correcta
Authors: Li Weisong , Cai Bo , Chen Ranran , Cui Jianchen , Wang Hui , Li Zhihong
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Bactrocera correcta is a quarantine pest that negatively impacts the fruit and vegetable industry. Differentiating B. correcta from similar species, especially in non‐adult stages, remains challenging. Rapid molecular identification techniques, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with CRISPR/Cas12a and multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification with lateral flow dipstick (MIRA‐LFD), play a crucial role in early monitoring and safeguarding agricultural production. Our study introduces two methods for the rapid visual identification of B. correcta.

RESULTS

Bactrocera correcta specific RPA primers, CRISPR RNA (crRNA), and the LFD probe were designed based on the cox1 genes. The RPA reaction conditions were optimized (at 37 °C for 8 min) for effective template DNA amplification. Two nucleic acid detection methods were established to visualize RPA. In the RPA‐CRISPR/Cas12a system, the optimal LbCas12a/crRNA concentration ratio was 200:400 nmol L−1. Successful amplification was determined by the presence or absence of green fluorescence following 15 min incubation at 37 °C. The MIRA‐LFD system achieved precise identification of the target species within 4 min at 37 °C. Both methods exhibited high specificity and sensitivity, allowing for detection from 1.0 × 10−1 ng μL−1 of DNA. Combined with rapid DNA extraction, rapid identification of individual B. correcta at different developmental stages was achieved, enhancing the practicality and convenience of the established methods.

CONCLUSION

Our research findings demonstrate that both the RPA‐CRISPR/Cas12a and MIRA‐LFD methods for B. correcta detection was accurate and rapid (within 30 min and 10 min, respectively), at 37 °C. Our methods do not rely on expensive equipment, thus possess high practical value, providing improved identification solutions for port quarantine pests and field applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Examination of the Vibrational, Mechanical, Thermoelectric Features and Stability of Novel Half‐Heusler XVIn (X = Pd, Pt) by Density Functional Theory Computation
Authors: Arquam Haris , Srivastava Anshuman , Meena Kunjee Lal , Chowdhury Suman , Sharma Ramesh , Al‐Muhimeed Tahani I. , Nazir Ghazanfar , Srivastava Vipul
Published: February 2024

Modern manufacturing is primarily focused on providing things that are accessible, environmentally conscious, and energy efficient. An effort has been made herein to investigate the compounds that meet these requirements. The full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave method, in Wien2k code, is used to examine the structural, vibrational, mechanical, and transport properties of XVIn (X = Pd, Pt) half‐Heusler compounds. The generalized gradient approximation is used for structural optimization. The computed lattice constants are consistent with earlier theoretical and experimental results. The XVIn (X = Pd, Pt) investigation reveals that the material is inherently ductile and mechanically stable. It is found that XVIn (X = Pd, Pt) has a direct bandgap and a semiconducting property. The modified Becke–Johnson exchange approximation yields bandgap magnitudes of 0.25 and 0.55 eV for PdVIn and PtVIn, respectively. The Boltzmann transport offered by the BoltzTrap software is used to explore thermoelectric characteristics. The values of figure of merit (ZT) obtained for XVIn (X = Pd, Pt) compounds are very close to unity in the chemical potential range from −0.15 to 0.15 eV, indicating that they can be used to make thermoelectric devices with the maximum possible efficiency.
Coinfections in human papillomavirus associated cancers and prophylactic recommendations
Authors: Ashok Gayathri , Basu Soumya , Priyamvada Priyamvada , Anbarasu Anand , Chintala Sreenivasulu , Ramaiah Sudha
Published: February 2024

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for more than 80% of reported cervical cancer and other virus‐associated tumours. Although this global threat can be controlled using effective vaccination strategies, a growing perturbation of HPV infection is an emerging coinfection likely to increase the severity of the infection in humans. Moreover, these coinfections prolong the HPV infections, thereby risking the chances for oncogenic progression. The present review consolidated the clinically significant microbial coinfections/co‐presence associated with HPV and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We discussed the gaps and concerns associated with demography, present vaccination strategies, and other prophylactic limitations. We concluded our review by highlighting the potential clinical as well as emerging computational intervention measures to kerb down HPV‐associated severities.
Are the tests overpowered or underpowered? A unified solution to correctly specify type I errors in design of clinical trials for two sample proportions
Authors: Liu Peiran , Chen Ming‐Hui , Sinks Susie , Sun Peng
Published: February 2024

As one of the most commonly used data types, methods in testing or designing a trial for binary endpoints from two independent populations are still being developed until recently. However, the power and the minimum required sample size comparisons between different tests may not be valid if their type I errors are not controlled at the same level. In this article, we unify all related testing procedures into a decision framework, including both frequentist and Bayesian methods. Sufficient conditions of the type I error attained at the boundary of hypotheses are derived, which help reduce the magnitude of the exact calculations and lay out a foundation for developing computational algorithms to correctly specify the actual type I error. The efficient algorithms are thus proposed to calculate the cutoff value in a deterministic decision rule and the probability value in a randomized decision rule, such that the actual type I error is under but closest to, or equal to, the intended level, respectively. The algorithm may also be used to calculate the sample size to achieve the prespecified type I error and power. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is further demonstrated in the power calculation for designing superiority and noninferiority trials.
Gas‐Separating Metal‐Organic Framework Membrane Films on Large‐Area 3D‐Printed Tubular Ceramic Scaffolds
Authors: Rana Surjakanta , Sajzew Roman , Smirnova Oksana , Slowik Josef B. , Komal Ayisha , Velázquez José Joaquin , Wyrwa Ralf , Galusek Dušan , Voigt Ingolf , Wondraczek Lothar , Knebel Alexander
Published: February 2024

Polycrystalline metal‐organic framework (MOF) membrane films prepared on ceramic supports can separate gases with high energy efficiency. They generally exhibit very high permeance and selectivity but suffer from cost issues through the required ceramic supports. Increasing the area and reducing the ceramic component to a minimum can be a strategy to enabling neat membranes of MOFs. In a rapid prototyping approach using 3D‐printed porous scaffolds with a double‐helical channel geometry, an increased active membrane area‐to‐volume ratio is shown. Following stereolithographic printing and debinding of a ceramic slurry, an adapted sintering protocol is employed to sinter commercially available alumina slurries into porous scaffolds. The 3D‐printed scaffolds are optimized at a porosity of 40%, with satisfying mechanical stability. Furthermore, synthetic procedures yielding omnidirectional, homogeneous coatings on the outside and inside of the tubular scaffolds are developed. Membrane films of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 1 covering a huge 50 cm2 membrane area are produced in this way by applying a counter‐diffusion methodology. Gas‐separation performance is evaluated for H2, CO2, N2, and CH4, in single‐gas measurements and on their binary‐gas mixtures.
Shear bearing capacity prediction of STRC shear walls using data‐augmented fusion model
Authors: Yang Guang‐chao , Zhang Ji‐gang , Ma Zhe‐hao , Xu Wei‐xiao , Zhao Guo‐liang , Song Han‐yu
Published: February 2024

Machine learning (ML) accurately predicts the shear bearing capacity of steel tube‐reinforced concrete (STRC) shear walls, aiding optimization design. However, creating a database for STRC shear walls experimentally is time‐consuming and costly. The aim of this study is to propose a method for high‐accuracy prediction of STRC shear wall shear bearing capacity using a small‐sample dataset. This study employs generative adversarial network (GAN) data augmentation techniques to address the issues of insufficient ML model training and low prediction accuracy in small‐sample databases. Based on the stacking framework, a fusion model (Stacking‐XRL) combining extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is established to predict the shear bearing capacity of STRC shear walls. Results show that after augmenting the training set with GAN, the prediction performance of K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), RF, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), XGBoost, and stacking‐XRL models significantly improve, with average increases of 10% in R2 and average decreases of 30% and 25% in MAE and RMSE, respectively. The proposed stacking‐XRL fusion model outperforms tested models, existing formulas, and Abaqus numerical simulations for the shear bearing capacity of STRC shear walls. Model interpretation reveals that the shear span ratios as the most important factors in predicting shear bearing capacity, followed by axial force ratio and whole section configuration steel tubular index.
Proposal of the novel predictive model for postoperative pancreatic fistula in distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic tumor based on preoperative imaging parameters and stapler handling
Authors: Morino Koshiro , Nakano Kenzo , Goto Toshihiko , Tanaka Hirokazu , Machimoto Takafumi
Published: February 2024

Background

Distal pancreatectomy (DP) using linear staplers is widely performed; however, postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) remain an issue. This study aimed to analyze preoperative risk factors for POPF and assess stapler handling.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent DP for pancreatic tumors using a linear stapler between 2014 and 2022. Preoperative measurements included pancreas‐to‐muscle signal intensity ratio (SIR) on fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The main outcome was clinically relevant POPF of the 2016 International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistulas definition. The predictive ability of the model was compared with the distal fistula risk score (D‐FRS) by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results

Among the 81 patients, POPF occurred in 31 (38.2%). Multivariate analysis identified computed tomography‐measured pancreatic thickness (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.61, p = 0.009) and SIR on T1‐weighted MRI (OR 6.85, 95% CI 1.71–27.4, p = 0.002) as preoperative predictors. A novel preoperative model, “Thickness × MRI (TM)”‐index, was established by multiplying these two variables. The TM‐index exhibited the highest predictability preoperatively (AUROC 0.757, 95% CI 0.649–0.867). In the intraoperative variable analyses, TM‐index (p < 0.001), thin cartridge application (p = 0.032), and short pre‐firing compression (p = 0.047) were identified as significant risk factors for POPF. The model's AUROC combined with these two stapler handling methods was higher than D‐FRS (0.851 vs. 0.660, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

The novel preoperative model exhibited excellent predictability. Thick cartridge use and long pre‐firing compression were protective factors against POPF. This model may facilitate preventive surgical strategy development to reduce POPF.
Learning Projection-Based Reduced-Order Models
Authors: Ryckelynck David , Casenave Fabien , Akkari Nissrine
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, we introduce the solution space for high-fidelity models based on partial differential equations and the finite element model. The manifold learning approach to model order reduction requires simulated data. Hence, learning projection-based reduced order models (ROM) has two steps: (i) an offline step for the computation of simulated data and for consecutive machine learning tasks, (ii) an online step where the reduced order model is used as a surrogate for the high fidelity model. The offline step generates a train set and a validation set of simulated data. The accuracy and the generalisation of the reduced order model is evaluated in the online step by using a test set of data forecast by the high-fidelity model. The test set aims also to check the computational speedups of the reduced-order model compare to the high-fidelity model.
Industrial Application: Uncertainty Quantification in Lifetime Prediction of Turbine Blades
Authors: Ryckelynck David , Casenave Fabien , Akkari Nissrine
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, many of the concepts introduced in the previous chapters are applied to the uncertainty quantification of the lifetime prediction of turbine blades, generated by the uncertainty of the temperature loading field. A complete reduced-order model workflow is detailed, and the numerical experiments make use of the codes Mordicus and genericROM introduced in Chap. 4.
Mixed boundary conditions in AdS2/CFT1 from the coupling with a Kalb-Ramond field
Authors: Correa Diego H. , Ferro Maximiliano G. , Giraldo-Rivera Victor I.
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The open string dual to a 1/6 BPS Wilson line in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6 super Chern-Simons-matter theory is coupled to a flat Kalb-Ramond field. We show that the resulting boundary term imposes mixed boundary conditions on the fields that describe the fluctuations on the world-sheet. These boundary conditions fix a combination of the derivatives of the fluctuations, parallel and transverse to the boundary. We holographically compute the correlation functions of insertions on the Wilson line in terms of world-sheet Witten diagrams. We observe that their functional dependence is consistent with the conformal symmetry on the line.
Impact of process parameters on improving the performance of 3D printed recycled polylactic acid (rPLA) components
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Raquibul , Davies Ian J. , Pramanik Alokesh , John Michele , Biswas Wahidul K.
Published: February 2024

The main goal of this research was to investigate the influence of additive manufacturing (AM) printing parameters on the mechanical properties and surface roughness of specimens fabricated using recycled polylactic acid (rPLA). In order to achieve this goal, significant printing parameters such as layer thickness, infill density, and nozzle temperature were selected based on prior research. A three-level L9 orthogonal array, based on the Taguchi method, was used in the experimental design. The mechanical properties of virgin PLA and recycled PLA printed specimens were examined and compared. To facilitate the analysis of variance (ANOVA) examination, the response data for mechanical and surface roughness parameters were transformed to signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. The inspected responses under consideration were the surface roughness, shore D hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The main findings suggest that careful consideration of the layer height is crucial for achieving optimum mechanical properties in the recycled PLA specimens. Furthermore, the nozzle temperature also played an important factor that affected the mechanical and surface roughness properties of the 3D printed PLA specimens. Microscopic investigation demonstrated that the number and size of voids increased significantly when the layer thickness and temperature were low, namely, 0.1 mm and 195 ℃, respectively. Finally, the optimal combination of printing parameters for each performance characteristic was determined. Following this, a confirmation test was performed using the preferred combination of parameters, which indicated a strong correlation with the outcomes predicted statistically. The results obtained from this study revealed that recycled PLA exhibited mechanical properties comparable to that of virgin PLA under certain conditions. In summary, the results of this study will serve as a valuable dataset in the field of additive manufacturing, providing valuable insights for other researchers working with recycled PLA material.
Acoustic emission of kidney stones: a medical adaptation of statistical breakdown mechanisms
Authors: Eckstein Jack T. , Wiseman Oliver J. , Carpenter Michael A. , Salje Ekhard K. H.
Published: February 2024

Kidney stones have a prevalence rate of > 10% in some countries. There has been a significant increase in surgery to treat kidney stones over the last 10 years, and it is crucial that such techniques are as effective as possible, while limiting complications. A selection of kidney stones with different chemical and structural properties were subjected to compression. Under compression, they emit acoustic signals called crackling noise. The variability of the crackling noise was surprisingly great comparing weddellite, cystine and uric acid stones. Two types of signals were found in all stones. At high energies of the emitted sound waves, we found avalanche behaviour, while all stones also showed signals of local, uncorrelated collapse. These two types of events are called ‘wild’ for avalanches and ‘mild’ for uncorrelated events. The key observation is that the crossover from mild to wild collapse events differs greatly between different stones. Weddellite showed brittle collapse, extremely low crossover energies (< 5 aJ) and wild avalanches over 6 orders of magnitude. In cystine and uric acid stones, the collapse was more complicated with a dominance of local “mild” breakings, although they all contained some stress-induced collective avalanches. Cystine stones had high crossover energies, typically $$\sim$$
∼
750 aJ, and a narrow window over which they showed wild avalanches. Uric acid stones gave moderate values of crossover energies, $$\sim$$
∼
200 aJ, and wild avalanche behaviour for $$\sim$$
∼
3 orders of magnitude. Further research extended to all stone types, and measurement of stone responses to different lithotripsy strategies, will assist in optimisation of settings of the laser and other lithotripsy devices to insight fragmentation by targeting the ‘wild’ avalanche regime.
Dysphagia, health-related quality of life, and return to work after occipitocervical fixation
Authors: Singh Aman , von Vogelsang Ann-Christin , Tatter Charles , El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Fletcher-Sandersjöö Alexander , Cewe Paulina , Nilsson Gunnar , Blixt Simon , Gerdhem Paul , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) on dysphagia, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and return to work after occipitocervical fixation (OCF). Postoperative radiographic measurements were evaluated to identify possible predictors of dysphagia.

Methods

All individuals (≥ 18 years) who underwent an OCF at the study center or were registered in the Swedish spine registry (Swespine) between 2005 and 2019, and were still alive when the study was conducted, were eligible for inclusion. There was no overlap between the cohorts. Prospectively collected data on dysphagia (Dysphagia Short Questionnaire DSQ), HRQoL (EQ5D-3L) and return to work were used. Radiological and baseline patient data were retrospectively collected. In addition, HRQoL data of a matched sample of individuals was elicited from the Stockholm Public Health Survey 2006.

Results

In total, 54 individuals were included. At long-term follow-up, 26 individuals (51%) had no dysphagia, and 25 (49%) reported some degree of dysphagia: 11 (22%) had mild dysphagia, and 14 (27%) had moderate to severe dysphagia. On a group level, the OCF sample scored significantly lower EQVAS and EQ-5Dindex values compared to the general population (60.0 vs. 80.0, p = 0.016; 0.43 vs. 0.80, p < 0.001). Individuals working preoperatively returned to work after surgery. Of those responding, 88% stated that they would undergo the OCF operation if it was offered today. No predictors of dysphagia based on radiographic measurements were identified.

Conclusion

Occipitocervical fixation results in a high frequency of long-term dysphagia. The HRQoL of OCF patients is significantly reduced compared to matched controls. However, most patients are satisfied with their surgery. No radiographic predictors of long-term dysphagia could be identified. Future prospective and systematic studies with larger samples and more objective outcome measures are needed to elucidate the causes of dysphagia in OCF.
Effect of pressing pressure on the capacity of recycled graphite anode
Authors: Báňa Jiří , Čudek Pavel , Šedina Martin , Šimek Antonín , Kazda Tomáš
Published: February 2024

Due to the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries, there is an urgent requirement for environmentally friendly and efficient means of recycling these batteries. Graphite, a readily available and cost-effective material, tends to be neglected compared to more expensive metals such as cobalt or nickel. To achieve the new European targets, it will be necessary to focus on recycling even less valuable materials, such as graphite. Direct recycling of graphite represents an environmentally and economically viable solution. However, the capacity of recycled graphite depends on several factors, with pressing pressure being a potential variable. Within this article, we have focused on the impact of pressing pressure of spent graphite anode. The recycling was performed on the battery sample with a known lifetime history. It was found that when optimized, it is possible to achieve high stability and high capacities exceeding 300 mAh/g.

Graphical abstract
Investigating the Associations between Drought, Poverty, High-Risk Sexual Behaviours, and HIV Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Trickey Adam , Johnson Leigh F. , Bonifacio Rogerio , Kiragga Agnes , Howard Guy , Biraro Samuel , Wagener Thorsten , Low Andrea , Vickerman Peter
Published: February 2024

Climate change is increasing the likelihood of drought in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence is high. Drought could increase HIV transmission through various mediating mechanisms; we investigated these associations. We used data on people aged 15–59 from Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment surveys from 2016 in Eswatini, Lesotho, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Survey data were geospatially linked to precipitation data for 2014–2016, with local droughts defined as cumulative rainfall between 2014 and 2016 being in < 15th percentile of all 2-year periods over 1981–2016. Using multivariable logistic regression, stratified by sex and rural/urban residence, we examined associations between (a) drought and poverty, (b) wealth quintiles and sexual behaviours (transactional, high-risk, and intergenerational sex), (c) sexual behaviours and recently acquiring HIV, and (d) drought and recent HIV. Among 102,081 people, 31.5% resided in areas affected by drought during 2014–2016. Experiencing drought was positively associated with poverty for women and men in rural, but not urban, areas. For each group, increasing wealth was negatively associated with transactional sex. For rural women, intergenerational sex was positively associated with wealth. Women reporting each sexual behaviour had higher odds of recent HIV, with strong associations seen for high-risk sex, and, for urban women, intergenerational sex, with weaker associations among men. Women in rural areas who had been exposed to drought had higher odds of having recently acquired HIV (2.10 [95%CI: 1.17–3.77]), but not women in urban areas, or men. Droughts could potentially increase HIV transmission through increasing poverty and then sexual risk behaviours, particularly among women in rural areas.
RNF115 aggravates tumor progression through regulation of CDK10 degradation in thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Jinxiang , Guo Longwei , Dai Hao , Zheng Zhiwei , Yan Jinfeng , Liu Junsong , Zhang Shaoqiang , Li Xiang , Sun Xin , Zhao Qian , Xu Chongwen
Published: February 2024

Background

RING Finger Protein 115 (RNF115), a notable E3 ligase, is known to modulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. In our investigation, we endeavor to unravel the putative function and inherent mechanism through which RNF115 influences the evolution of thyroid carcinoma (THCA).

Methods

We analyzed RNF115 expression in THCA using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The influence of RNF115 on the progression of THCA was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. The protein regulated by RNF115 was identified through bioinformatics analysis, and its biological significance was further explored.

Results

In both THCA tissues and cells, RNF115 showed elevated expression levels. Enhanced expression of RNF115 fostered cell proliferation, tumor growth, and the exacerbation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in THCA, while also promoting tumor lung metastasis. Bioinformatics analysis identified cyclin-dependent kinase 10 (CDK10) as a downstream target of RNF115, which was found to be ubiquitinated and degraded by RNF115 in THCA cells. Functionally, overexpression of CDK10 was found to counteract the promotion of malignant phenotype in THCA induced by RNF115. From a mechanistic perspective, RNF115 activated the Raf-1 pathway and enhanced cancer cell cycle progression by degrading CDK10 in THCA cells.

Conclusion

RNF115 triggers cell proliferation, EMT, and tumor metastasis by ubiquitinating and degrading CDK10. The regulation of the Raf-1 pathway and cell cycle progression in THCA may be profoundly influenced by this process.
Bid-rigging in public procurement: cartel strategies and bidding patterns
Authors: Carbone Carlotta , Calderoni Francesco , Jofre Maria
Published: February 2024

Bid-rigging harms economies and societies. While existing research has primarily focused on quantifying the economic damages resulting from bid-rigging cartels, there is a relative dearth of studies exploring how firms interact and the specific techniques they use to rig tenders. Our paper examines the bidding behaviours associated with bid-rigging. Specifically, we investigate how cartel companies exploit legal opportunities, engage in joint and similar bidding and adapt tactics based on the number of colluding bidders. Our study relies on judicial evidence and a dataset of 1,242 companies (including 112 colluding entities) participating in 357 roadwork bid auctions in Italy. Through bootstrap logistic regressions, we analyse company-level indicators and their association with cartel involvement. The results reveal that cartels frequently exploit subcontracts and price similarity. Moreover, we find that bid-rigging tactics vary depending on the number of bidding cartel companies involved. When colluding companies are the majority of bidders, cartels rely on widespread member participation to cover a broad range of prices. Conversely, when cartel companies constitute less than half of the bidders, they tend to form temporary associations. These findings untangle the complexity inherent in cartel agreements and strategies, highlighting the importance of assessing firm interactions and relational patterns within co-bidding networks for a comprehensive understanding of collusive dynamics.