bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
السلوك الإيجابي وعلاقته بجودة الحياة لدى مرضى الفشل الكلوي في مدينة الدمام
Authors:   ماجستير علم نفس، كلية العلوم الاجتماعية، جامعة نايف العربية للعلوم الأمنية، المملكة العربية السعودية, الشهراني سعد
Published: August 2021

استهدفت هذه الدراسة مدى السلوك الإيجابي وعلاقته بجودة الحياة لدى مرضى الفشل الكلوي في مدينة الدمام في المملكة العربية السعودية، ولتحقيق أهداف هذه الدراسة قام الباحث باستخدام المنهج الوصفي لكونه أكثر ملائمة للدراسة ، فهذا المنهج يعمل على تجهيز بيانات وفروض عينية للإجابة على تساؤلات محددة لها علاقة بالأحداث الراهنة، ولتطبيق هذا المنهج تم اختيار عينة عشوائية من مرضى الفشل الكلوي في المستشفى المركزي في مدينة الدمام، وتشكلت أداة الدراسة من خلال عدة مقاييس: استبانة السلوك الإيجابي المكونة من 71 فقرة ، استبانة جودة الحياة والمكونة من 17 فقرة، ثم توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج مهمة وهي: أن طلبة الكليات التقنية يتمتعوا بمستوى مناسب من السلوك الإيجابي، وأن الفرد استطاع التكيف والتوافق الاجتماعي رغم الظروف التي يعاني منها مريض الفشل الكلوي وبعض التحديات التي تعترضه للاندماج في المجتمع، ارتفاع مستوى السلوك الإيجابي لدى مرضى الفشل الكلوي يرتبط بمستوى جودة الحياة لديهم، وأما ما توصلت اليه الدراسة من توصيات : يجب عمل برامج مجتمعية تدعم مرضى الفشل الكلوي بشكل خاص في كافة المستشفيات لتقديم كافة سبل الرعاية لهم، ثم إقامة ورشات عمل وندوات توعية حول مرض الفشل الكلوي والمرضى وتقديم المساعدات النفسية والمادية لهم، العمل على رفع مستوى الحياة المعيشية خاصة لمرضى الفشل الكلوي، إدراج أسماء أطباء نفسيين مختصين في الطب النفسي للعمل داخل أقسام مرضى الفشل الكلوي لرفع الروح المعنوية لدى المرضى.
SOCIAL STEREOTYPES AND COGNITIVE MECHANISM OF THEIR PROCESSING
Authors: Giorgashvili Miranda
Published: August 2021

Given study tests cognitive model related to social information processing - Parallel Constraint Satisfaction Theory. The study was conducted as one of the research steps within another scientific project, which explored stereotypic mode of impression formation. Unlike other models, PCST presents stereotypic mode of thinking as the process, in which received information just as a neural impulse flows in the endless web of mental associations in observer’s mind and automatically acxites/inhibites certain information stored in there. We decided to test these two cognitive processes on the content of real social stereotypes. We explored stereotypes of five social categories (Cook, Lecturer, Doctor, IT and Typical Georgian Man). Then, we measured the level of acxitation/inhibition of certain characteristics within the stereotype of each category. After comparing the level of character activation-deactivation between each category, as well as to the textual characterizations obtained from focus groups about the same categories, it became clear that activation/deactivation process indeed takes place. Moreover, associations activate/deactivate in such a way, that they automatically fit (satisfy) the content of stereotype, held by the observer about perceived social category.
Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and First Aid Management of Domestic Accident among Mothers of Under Five Children at Selected Rural Area, Tamilnadu
Authors: D Kumudhavlli. , R Karthi. , Ragavan R.
Published: August 2021

Aim: a study aim to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and first aid management of domestic accident among mothers of under five children at selected rural area villupuram.
Objectives:

To assess the level of knowledge on prevention and first aid management of domestic accident among mother of under five children.
To evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on prevention and first aid management on domestic accident among mothers of under five children
To associate the post test level of knowledge on prevention and first aid management on domestic accident among mothers of under five children with their selected demographic variables.
Methods & Material: A quantitative research approach - Pre-experimental research design with one group pre test and post test design was adopted. 50 samples were selected for the study by using non probability convenient sampling technique.
Results: In pre test level of knowledge among 50 samples 41(82%) had inadequate knowledge 7(14%) had moderate knowledge and 2(4%) had adequate knowledge regarding domestic accident .in post test level of knowledge among 50 samples 7(14%) had adequate knowledge and 13(26%) had adequate knowledge regarding domestic accident. The finding reveals that pre test mean was 13.44 with the standard deviation of 2.619 and the post test mean was 18.52 with the standard deviation of 2.651. The mean difference of pre and post test is 5.2, standard error is 0.781. The ‘t’ value of 6.6 is Highly Significant at p <0.05 it indicates that the knowledge level of mothers of under five children are improved after video assisted teaching programme
Conclusion: The study concluded that, video assisted teaching programme on domestic accident was effective on improving the knowledge level among mother of under five children.

Keywords: Domestic Accidents, First Aid Management, Mothers of Under five children.
Building a Technological Innovation Roadmap from the Viewpoint of CMC Institute of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Authors: Ha Nguyen Xuan , Tuan Dang Minh , Hung Nguyen Trung
Published: August 2021

CMC Institute of Science and Technology (CIST) is a research and development department of CMC Corporation, Vietnam. The development of a technological innovation roadmap (TIR) is of great significance to the existence and development of CIST. In fact, the construction of a TIR has a wide scope, diverse content, and rich approach. This article does not focus on studying the academic TIR but will clarify the TIR of a specific research institute (CIST) based on the approach of building a roadmap for technological innovation introduced by the Stage Agency for Technology Innovation, Vietnam. The paper is a part of the research results of the topic "Construction technology map and technological innovation roadmap in developing and applying IoT in Vietnam”, code: ĐM.40.DA/19.

Keywords: Technological innovation roadmap, CMC.
Households Perception on the Generation and Disposal of Solid Waste in Lafia Metropolis of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: A. Ezekiel , M.K. Dahiru , S.B. Abdullahi
Published: August 2021

Proper solid waste generation and disposal are key components of effective management of municipal solid waste. This study examined households’ perception of the generation and disposal of solid waste in the Lafia metropolis. A systematic random sampling method was adopted in selecting respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to 240 selected households heads within the Lafia metropolis which includes four electoral wards (Chiroma, Gayam, Makama and Zanwa). Each of the four electoral wards was divided into three units (totalling 12 units) and administered 20 samples of the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed the dominance of males over females in the study area. Ages 30 to 59 constitutes over 70% of the sampled population. About half (49.58%) of the respondents were civil servants. More than half of the respondents (51.25%) reported that the waste they generate is food waste. 46.25% of the respondents use plastic containers as their waste storage facilities. 51.67% of the respondents indicated getting infected by malaria parasites as a result of the improper location of dumpsites (which serves as breeding sites for disease vectors) within their vicinity. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that relevant government agencies should provide adequate enlightenment on proper waste generation and disposal, adequate designated dumpsites and collection points, and the need to improve the monthly environmental sanitation exercise in the metropolis.
Solution of One-dimensional Partial Differential Equation with Higher-Order Derivative by Double Laplace Transform Method
Authors: D.O. Anongo , Y.S. Awari
Published: August 2021

Many problems in natural and engineering sciences such as heat transfer, elasticity, quantum mechanics, water flow, and others are modelled mathematically by partial differential equations. Some of these problems may be linear, nonlinear, homogeneous, non-homogeneous, and order greater or equal one. Finding the theoretical solution to these problems with less cumbersome techniques is an active area of research in the aforementioned field. In this research paper, we have developed a new application of the double Laplace transform method to solve homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear partial differential equations (pdes) with higher-order derivatives (i.e order n where n≥2) in science and engineering. We discussed a brief theory of double Laplace transforms that helped in its application. The main advantage of our method is the reduction of computational effort in finding solution to pdes. Another major benefit of our method is solving problems in the form of (21) directly by transforming to an algebraic equation where the inverse double Laplace transform is implemented for analytical solution, unlike other integral transform methods that would first transform to a system of ODEs before they are solved, is it also very effective in solving linear high-order partial differential equations and yield fast convergence. We present a well-simplified solution for easier comprehension by upcoming researchers.
An Evaluation of William James’ Pragmatic Concept of Truth
Authors: Chike Anetoh Bonaventure
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on an evaluation of William James’ pragmatic concept of truth. Pragmatism is one of the contemporary schools of thought or movements in philosophy. It emphasizes the practical aspects of ideas or theories. Among the basic issues in pragmatism is the issue of truth. The basic questions are: What is pragmatism? How does William James conceive truth in his pragmatic theory? Is truth objective or relative? Is truth static or ever-changing? Is there any relationship between truth and practical consequences of things? Is truth intrinsic or extrinsic to an idea? These and other related issues are the major focus of this article. William James, in his pragmatism, approaches truth from the perspective of its practical consequence, and argues that truth ‘happens’ to an idea. The researcher argues that though William James’ pragmatic concept of truth is associated with some problems, he has made outstanding contributions to scholarship by bringing out the practical implications of truth, and extricating it from rationalistic tendency as well as dogmatism.
Perfil clínico dos pacientes no atendimento médico em uma emergência cardiológica de referência no estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Figueirêdo Mariana Barros Mendonça , Natália de Castro Borges  , De Souza Manuela Barbosa Rodrigues , Salerno Pedro Rafael
Published: August 2021

O estudo objetiva avaliar o perfil clínico que propicia a procura de um atendimento no serviço de emergência cardiológica do Pronto-Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco Profº Luiz Tavares (PROCAPE). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo com aplicação de um questionário a 104 pacientes atendidos na emergência cardiológica do PROCAPE de setembro a novembro de 2019, com posterior análise de seus prontuários, para determinar se o diagnóstico médico é uma emergência cardiológica ou outra e se os pacientes tinham histórico de doença cardiológica. No estudo, 61,6% têm de 50 a 70 anos, 82,7% são do sexo masculino e 77,3% são hipertensos. Quanto ao tempo de início dos sintomas, 36,5% os apresentaram em minutos/horas, enquanto 63,5% tinham há dias/meses. Pelo prontuário, 81 eram uma emergência cardiológica, 04 emergência não cardiológica, 19 eram ambulatoriais. No questionário, 60,6% disseram ter diagnóstico prévio de doença cardiovascular, enquanto 39,4% responderam não ter. Porém, no prontuário, desses 39,4%, 29,8% tinham cardiopatia prévia e não sabiam, enquanto 9,6% de fato não tinha o histórico. Logo, o perfil clínico dos usuários é em sua maioria indivíduos do sexo masculino, adultos e idosos, portadores de emergência cardiológica, cuja maioria possui cardiopatia clínica prévia.
Exploring the Absurdity of War and International Aid in the Novel ‘Red Birds’ by Mohammad Hanif_ A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Nasir Touqir , Touqir Sonia , Sajid Pervez  , Ali Hira
Published: August 2021

Discourse is a wide-ranging term to cover many forms of human utterances and textual forms of communication. Development through multiple stages gave birth to CDA which bridges the micro-structure of linguistic choices to macro-structures of social reality. Theorists like Van Dijk, Fairclough, and Fowler contributed to its development with the foundation provided by Halliday’s SFL. The qualitative research endeavors to analyze ‘Red Birds’, a novel written by Mohammad Hanif under Huckin’s model of CDA to highlight the absurdity of war and international aid. The three dimensions of Fairclough’s model are at the background of Huckin’s model. The analysis has been carried out at three levels i.e. broad level, sentence level, and word level. A well-thought analysis reveals the nature of war in a region where there is nothing to destroy. It has also been concluded that the aid programs are nothing more than ‘making them orphan and then adopting them’ which clearly runs incongruous to the spirit of aid.
Effect of various Polymers on Drug Release from Mucoadhesive Tablets of Cefixime Trihydrate
Authors: Swamy Samanthula Kumara , Goud Bairi Agaiah , Rani Satla Shobha , Kumar CB Mahendra
Published: August 2021

Cefixime trihydrate (CT) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic and is used in the management of various infections caused by Gram +ve as well as Gram – ve bacteria. It has a plasma half-life of 3-4 h. It has poor oral bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism. Hence, an attempt was made to develop CT mucoadhesive tablets for buccal delivery to avoid first-pass metabolism and improved oral delivery. CT mucoadhesive tablets developed using HPMC K4M, Na-CMC, guar gum and chitosan as rate controlling polymers and mucoadhesive agent, respectively and compressed by direct compression method. The prepared CT mucoadhesive tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, thickness, friability, drug content uniformity, assay, mucoadhesive strength and in vitro release. From the results, all the evaluated parameters were within the pharmacopoeial limits. The in-vitro dissolution studies indicated that the CTmucoadhesive tablets formulation (F2) showed 99.7±1.4 % of drug release after 8 h and chose as the optimized formulation. The kinetic models suggest that the drug release follows Higuchi’s kinetics and tablets drug release was controlled by a diffusion mechanism.
Formulation and Development of Aceclofenac loaded Microsponges Topical Drug Delivery System using quality by Design Approach
Authors: Choudhary Urvish M. , Mistree Rinku Y. , Patel Disha N. , Desai Shreyas V. , Patoliya Naimish A. , Shah Chainesh N. , Upadhyay Umesh
Published: August 2021

The proposed study is focussed at developing Aceclofenacmicrosponges for topic drug delivery systems. QbD was applied for better understanding of the process and to generate design space, using quality target product profile, critical quality attributes, and risk assessment. The aim of the experiment was to prepare a safe, efficacious, stable and patient compliant microsponge dosage form of Aceclofenac. Materials and methods: Pre-formulation studies were carried out which helped in developing an accurate dosage form. UV, FTIR, DSC, and SEM studies were done for pre-formulation and post-formulation evaluations. These study deals with the design and optimization of Aceclofenacmicrosponges loaded topical drug delivery system to the controlled release of active drug into the skin in order to minimize the systemic exposure and minimize local cutaneous reactions to active drugs by DoE method of QbD Approach. AceclofenacMicrosponges were prepared by quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method using Eudragit-RS100 as a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, Ethanol as Internal phase volume and Liquid paraffin as External phase volume. In this study, we found that the controlled release of aceclofenac microsponges.
Formulation and Evaluation of Benzoyl Peroxide Injection
Authors: Bedadurge Ajay , Kadare Mahesh , Matole Vinod , Shirure Parikshit , Suryawanshi Sainath , Ghodake Kajal , Tikate Rohini , Dhumal Vaishnavi , Birajdar Nikita , Panchal Rohini , Madane Nikita , More Sneha , Patade Nikita , Kamble Priyanka , Potdar Sonali , Dhumal Bhagyashri , Joshi Shraddha , Narvate Sandhyarani , Kunnure Sumaiyya , Bondge Pratiksha , Gaikwad Aishwarya
Published: August 2021

Objective: The present research has been undertaken for the formulation and evaluation of Benzoyl Peroxide Injection. It is used for Antiacne activity. Methods: Benzoyl peroxide is used as Antiacne. Methyl paraben, Propyl paraben and benzalkoniumchloride were used as preservatives. Water for injection is used as a vehicle. The following parameters were evaluated such as clarity test, leakage test, chearity test, assay and Sterility test. Results: The clearity test shows clear solution. Drug chearity test shows no chear in the vials. Leakage test shows no leakage in the vials. pH and drug content show the F1 batch was better the other batches. IR confirmed that all functional groups are same as benzoyl Peroxide. Conclusion: It was concluded that F1 batch is the good than the other batches. So F1 batch is good for the Parenteral use.
Method Development and Validation of Canagliflozin by using RP-HPLC in Pure and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Singh Swapna , Kumar Bichala Prem , Agrawal Abhishek
Published: August 2021

A new method was established for simultaneous estimation of Canagliflozin by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic conditions were successfully developed for the separation of Canagliflozin by using INERTSIL column, C18 (150x4.6)5µm column, flow rate was 1ml/min, mobile phase ratio was Water: Acetonitrile (70:30), detection wavelength was 264nm. The instrument used was Hitachi HPLC Auto Sampler, Separation module 1575. The analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines (ICH, Q2 (R1)). The linearity study for Canagliflozin was found in concentration range of 1μg-5μg and 100μg-500μg and correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.999 and 0.999, %mean recovery was found to be 100% and 100.5%, %RSD for repeatability was 0.2 and 0.4, %RSD for intermediate precision was 0.5 and 0.1 respectively.
Analytical method development and validation for Estimation of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium in Pharmaceutical dosage form with QbD approach
Authors: Chauhan Jaydeep S , Gajre Ritika
Published: August 2021

Analytical method development and validation for estimation of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium in Pharmaceutical dosage form with QbD approach. Combination of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium helps for the treatment of Haemorrhoid. There is no any UV spectroscopy method of this combination due to less absorbance of the Docusate Sodium in various solvent. A specific, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for estimation of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium in Capsule dosage form. Apply QbD approach by using statistical tool Design of experiment with Box-Behnken design for the optimization of the screening method of RP-HPLC method. Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium were estimated on Thermoscientificsyncronis C18 (250mm X 4.6mm), 5μm column using Acetonitrile: 0.01M Tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate pH-4.8(66:34, v/v) as mobile phase with flow rate 1.0 ml/min and detection was carried out at 214 nm. The retention time of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium were found to be 2.943 min and 4.190 min respectively. The linearity and range was found to be 50-450 μg/mL for Calcium Dobesilate and 10-90μg/mL for Docusate Sodium. % RSD of precision was found to be less than 2%. %RSD for Robustness parameters was found to be less than 2%. % Recovery of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium at different levels were found in the range of 99.451% - 100.082% and 98.071% - 101.187% respectively. So, the developed method was precise, robust and accurate. The assay value for Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium was found to be 99.772% - 99.874% and 98.159% - 98.736% respectively.
A Systematic Review on COVID 19 Treatment and Management
Authors: Shah Isha , Raytthatha Nensi , Vyas Jigar , Upadhyay Umesh
Published: August 2021

There is a new world health crisis threatening the public with spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019). The virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by World Health Organization (WHO). The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. We here summarize the current clinical characteristics data to guide potential COVID-19 about Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention of COVID-19. In this review, we extracted data from various Research Report, WHO guidelines and other articles. It is important to aware the readers that new data updating nearly every hour regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19. All over the world the disease has caused varying degrees of illness. Patient shows various symptoms usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The disease is being rehabilitate through general treatment, symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. It is necessary to recognize the potential cases as soon as possible and isolate the suspected people from the confirmed cases of COVID-19, to avert the potential transmission of infection to other patients and health care staff.
An Overview of Nanoparticles: Current Scenario
Authors: Shinde Seema U. , Gidde Nikita D. , Shinde Pradnya P. , Kadam Akshay B.
Published: August 2021

The simplest type of structures with sizes in the nm range will be nanoparticles. Any atom mean that is associated by intensity with other atoms within a 'limited' distance may be claimed to be a nanoparticle in principle. The creation of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles has seen an exponential interest in recent years. In terms of high stability, high precision, high drug carrying capability, managed release potential, the possibility of use in various routes of administration and the ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules, nanoparticles may offer significant advantages over conventional drug delivery. The emphasis of this study is on classification, types, synthesis, preparation methods, characterization, use, nanoparticle advantages, and health perspectives.
Case study on Deep Vein Thrombosis with its Systemic management
Authors: Karwa Pawan. N. , Ingole Ramesh D , Thalkari Avinash. B
Published: August 2021

Deep vein thrombosis commonly known as DVT has globally about 1–2 per 1000 population cases. The rate of Mortality is high; About 6% death cases occurs within primary 30 days of DVT by the primarily through pulmonary embolism, and also about 13% of patients with the pulmonary embolism. Among treated patients, about 20–50% develop post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after DVT, and 3% develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism.3,4 After 3–6 months of anticoagulation, VTE recurs in up to 40% of patients within 10 years. The risk of recurrence is two- to threefold higher after unprovoked than provoked VTE. Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT) is a life-threatening condition which may lead to sudden death as an immediate complication due to formation of thrombo-embolism. DVT is associated with various risk factors such as prolonged immobilization, inflammation, and/or coagulation disorders including muscular or venous injury. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) frequently occurs in the lower limb. Successful treatment of DVT exclusively by the use of the different remedies has rarely been recorded in peer-reviewed journals. The present case report intends to record yet another case of DVT in a patient cured exclusively Since this report is based on a single case of recovery, results of more such cases are warranted to strengthen the outcome of the present study.
GST Calculation for Invoice Generation in IT Filing
Authors: Kaushal Shivangi , Narang Ashima , Sethi Nishu , Bhateja Neha
Published: August 2021

Goods and Services Tax (GST) Accounting and Billing System is arguably one of the most complex Information Technology (IT) Systems in the world – in terms of scale, size, and complexity. Under Goods and Services Tax, the returns of the buyer’s will be auto filled by data from the returns done by sellers and invoices uploaded by him/her. The software will have to match the data automatically from the returns and uploaded invoices and accept/deny/modify these invoices. The uploading of duplicate invoice is not allowed by the Goods and Services Tax system. All payments, uploading of invoices and filing of returns will have to be done electronically by all taxpayers only through the Goods and Services Tax portal. Access to and use of technology is therefore crucial for all taxpayers registered with the Goods and Services Tax Network, without which they cannot conduct business. This paper intents a proper invoice generation through the software and application that will be uploaded on the Goods and Services Tax Portal for filing Income Tax Returns.
Bulk Solution Assay Test Procedure Development and validation for Esomeprazole Sodium Injection 40mg as a CPP
Authors: Mulik Santoshkumar R. , Bachhav Rishikesh S.
Published: August 2021

Assay analytical test procedure at the Bulk-Solution stage for Esomeprazole Sodium Injection 40mgas a Critical Processing Parameters during manufacturing developed and validated. As per current available literature and the references, Esomeprazole active substance is available in market in the five forms, i.e. Esomeprazole as Plain [Tablet]; Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate [Tablet, Capsule Delayed Release]; Esomeprazole Potassium [Tablet and Capsule]; Esomeprazole Strontium [Capsule Delayed Release] and Esomeprazole Sodium [Injectable].Assay test procedure for Active and other dosage forms [Tablet, Capsule] were available based on either Potentiometric Titration or HPLC basis. Product Esomeprazole Sodium Injection 40mg is not available in official pharmacopeia. As per available reference and literature assay test method for intermediate testing and finished product is based on HPLC. Intermediate testing [In-Process Testing] required as Critical Process Parameters [CPP] to ensure the quality i.e. appropriate bulk-solution purity, before to proceed for filtration and filling of Bulk-solution in unit dosage form [Vials]. To test the bulk solution purity approximate 5-6 hours required by HPLC. Which leads to hold the Bulk solution, further it impact and may risk to Bio-Burden of bulk solution. Also it impact and reduce the productivity of line by 5-6 hours. HPLC testing required special skilled manpower and cost. Considering all above concerns Study carried for test method development based on UV-Spectroscopy, HPLC and potentiometric titration. Based on method validation performed for UV-Spectrometry, HPLC and potentiometric titration; Test procedure developed and validated based on UV-Spectrometry is found Simple, Accurate, Precise, Economical and Rapid to save time and cost with increase in productivity as a Critical Processing Parameters for Esomeprazole Sodium Injection 40mgat the Bulk-Solution stage during manufacturing.
Comprehensive Study on Graphene Nanofluids and its Applications: Literature Review
Authors: Archit Dave , Kuldeep Sharma , Sharma Chandramuly R.
Published: August 2021

In this review, the heat transfer capabilities of graphene nano fluids have been explored theoretically and experimentally. This review embraces the experimental results about the capabilities of graphene nano fluids along with heat transfer performance and recaps the recent growth on preparation and evaluation methods, the ways to enhance the stability of graphene nano fluids and future applications in various fields of energy. Moreover, this review paper also specifies the inconsistencies among them. Further, this critical review helps the researchers to investigate the heat transfer on graphene nanofluids embedded with conducting dust particles.
Mucormycosis its Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Aniket Devkar , Sudha Jadhav
Published: August 2021

Mucormycosis is an ailment that originates from a saprophyte. Mucorales are a group of a growing number of members who have mucormycosis. The environmental contamination with fungal spore and now in COVID-19 the high use of steroid, which increases the occasion of mucor. It is a worldwide infectious disease as well as there is no vaccine to treat mucormycosis. Therapies for mucormycosis involve a coordinated surgical and medical approach. Antifungal therapy, iron sequestration, and adjunctive therapy are the various therapies to treat mucormycosis that will discuss in the article. Also the pathogenesis, identification of mucormycosis will review here.
Machine Learning and its role in Diverse Business Systems
Authors: Bhateja Neha , Sethi Nishu , Kaushal Shivangi
Published: August 2021

Machine learning as a branch of Artificial Intelligence is growing at a very rapid pace. It has shown significant benefits across a number of different industry verticals in helping them improve their productivity and making them less reliant on humans. The success and the growth of any industry depends on the manageability of massive data, using the data for predictions and deriving business value, automating the processes without the need of human intervention, provide satisfactory services to their clients and the security of client's information. Machine learning is a method that provides a way to transform the processes that leads to growth by using the statistical methods. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of machine learning and highlight the various areas where machine learning is implemented by the business organizations and industries.
What Do You Know About the Second Wave of COVID-19?
Authors: Dawood Ali Adel
Published: August 2021

The threat of the second wave might be very serious and could cost people their lives and economic well-being. Some people could lose their jobs. It is reported that if everyone is obligated to wear masks all the time, it could prevent a second wave for the next 18 months.
Recent Progress on Synthesis and Bio-activities of Tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one derivatives
Authors: Bhosale Mayur S. , Sarvanan K. , Dighe N. S.
Published: August 2021

This review covers up synthesis, characterization and Pharmacological activities of various derivatives of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one, including recent mechanistic advances, new building blocks and new pharmacological disclosures. Tetrahydropyrimidines (THPs) are one of the most important systems among the heterocycles. These compounds reported to have less toxicity to human and animals. Various synthesis strategies have been reported for different derivatives of Tetrahydropyrimidines, mainly these involves Biginelli reaction (condensation) consisting of one pot synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives using urea, β-keto ester and aldehyde. These derivatives also forms important part as intermediate in the manufacture of various Pharmaceuticals. Techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrometry along with single crystal X-ray diffraction has been reported for structural characterization of these derivatives. U.S. National Library of Medicines, NIH and European PMC have reported many these derivatives. Some of derivatives have reported to have promising anti-bacterial, cytotoxic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activities. Recently Ultrasound and Microwave promoted synthesis has shown promising results in synthesis of these derivatives. Many exciting prospects await for its exploitation in this fields.
A Review on Analytical Method for Determination of Lamotrigine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Nalkar Rutuja S , Siddheshwar Suhas S , Kolhe Mahesh H
Published: August 2021

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy & bipolar disorder/major affective disorder (manic depression). Lamotrigine is and antiepileptic drug of phenyltriazine class. For epilepsy it is used to treat the partial seizures, primary and secondary tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastuat syndrome and are chemically unrelated to the other anticonvulsants. Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine that has comparatively few side-effects and it does not requires blood monitoring/observance in monotherapy. It additionally acts as a mood stabilizer. Common side-effects of lamotrigine include, nausea, sleepiness, headache, vomiting, trouble/bother with co-ordination and rash. Serious side-effects include in, lack of red blood cells, accumulated in risk of suicide, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and allergy. It issues that use of lamotrigine throughout pregnancy or breastfeeding it’s going to lead/result in harm/damage.
Telehuman Services Improves the Engagement of Low-Income Populations
Authors: Plummer Yolandra A.
Published: August 2021

The paper describes a range of evidence-informed strategies that a Historically Black, Colleges and University (HBCU) work readiness program adopted to increase the engagement of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. The program successfully engaged half of the program participants through two-generational (2Gen) approach. The 2Gen approaches target low-income children and parents from the same household and combine parent and child interventions to interrupt the cycle of poverty. These approaches emphasize early childhood education, economic supports, postsecondary education, social capital and health and well-being to create a legacy of economic security. The paper highlights the human services delivery strategies utilized to engage individuals into work readiness training activities during the pandemic. The paper presents data where certain 2Gen activities engaged TANF participants more than other 2Gen activities. The data reveals that half of the participants completed online digital literacy courses and earned training certifications. The intent of the paper is to offer state and local human service agency policymakers’ guidance on strategies to increase TANF participant engagement.
On the Application of Homotopy Analysis Method to Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Khalid Suliman Aboodh  , Abu baker Ahmed
Published: August 2021

In this paper, an attempt has been made to obtain the solution of linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations by applying an analytic technique, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The fractional derivatives are described by Caputo’s sense. By this method, the solution considered as the sum of an infinite series, which converges rapidly to exact solution with the help of the nonzero convergence control parameter ℏ. Some examples are given to show the efficiently and accurate of this method. The solutions obtained by this method has been compared with exact solution. Also our graphical represented of the solutions have been given by using MATLAB software.
Existence of Limit Cycles for Liénard System with Application
Authors: Ali Bakur Barsham ALmurad  , Elamin Mohammed Saeed Ali
Published: August 2021

This paper is part of a wider study limit cycle problems and planar system; The aims of this is to study the existence of limit cycle for Liénard system. We followed the historical analytical mathematical method to present a proof of a result on the existence of limit cycle for Liénard system form x ̇=y-F(x) ,y ̇=-g(x)
Neyo: A katabatic dry wind
Authors: Hassan  Addom  , Ammar Gaber  , Abulgasim Idris
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study is to explain how the Neyo wind stream develops and how it can damage crops and endanger people’s lives in the Darfur Region of Sudan. Due to lack of official meteorological observations, the data was retrieved from NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) used by the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT). Three scenarios for katabatic flow were formulated. Forces acting on air parcels were calculated for different slope angles. HYSPLIT vertical soundings revealed a reservoir of dry air over the area. Air parcels moving down slope allow dry air to flow across the thermal inversion layer. Due to the moisture deficit between the down flowing air and the humid grass surface, the leaves get dehydrated.
Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in patients attending to Kassala Hospital, Kassala State 2016
Authors: Azzam Afifi  , Khadega suleiman
Published: August 2021

Toxoplasmosis is intracellular pathogen, caused by the protozoan parasite, belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. The present research aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients attending in Kassala hospital. Blood samples were collected in blood container by using sterile syringes (300), 5 ml of venous blood was drawn and required for the laboratory examination for Latex agglutination and ELISA techniques. high prevalence of T. gondii recorded (56.7%) for Latex Agglutination technique. Age-groups (18-40) showed higher rate of infection 62.2%. Statistical analysis verified no variation according to the gender and contact with cats (P > 0.05). high prevalence calculated, for those eating undercooked meat, drinking row milk, 67.1%, 65.5% respectively. Fainaly the present study recommended to Implantation of health education program, Toxoplasmosis should be checked before donating blood and Improvement of the standard of hygienic, sanitary and disease control.
Fungal Contamination of Some Medicinal Plant Materials Sold at Omdurman Local Market, Khartoum State, Central Sudan
Authors: Ehsan Musa Ewad EL-Kareem  , Hatil Hashim EL-Kamali  , Ahlam Salih Eltahir  , Hanan Ibrahim Mudawi
Published: August 2021

Plants have long been used as herbal medicines in many countries. However, microbial contamination of these medicines may affect human health. In the present study fifteen medicinal plants namely, Acacia nilotica ssp. nilotica, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Nigella sativa, Hyphaene thebaica, Nauclea latifola, Cyperus rotundus, Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp, proximus, Artemisia herba-alb, Cassia acutifolia, Solenostemma argel, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus spina-christi, Lepidium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare and Coriandrum sativum were evaluated for their fungal contamination. The pour plate method was used to cultivate serially diluted portions of the medicinal plant material investigated. The colonies of fungi were identified morphologically according to form and pigment. They were observed microscopically through Lactophenol cotton bluestaining. The identified fungal isolates were consist of three fungal species, the most dominant fungi were Aspergillus nigar and Aspergillus flavus. Penicillium ssp is least one. The total fungal  counts ranged from 00x101  cfu/g (Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp.proximus, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Artemisia herba alb, Lepidium satinum , Nigella sativa Cassia acutifolia  and Naucle latifola) to 11x105cfu/g (Cyperus rotundus)..  The highest total fungal load was found in Cyperus rotundus The levels of contamination varied greatly between the commercially available plant samples investigated.
The Relationship between Metrological Parameters and Total Airborne Pollen Concentration in Atmosphere of Khartoum City During 2018
Authors: Ejlal Sanad Mohammed Motwaly  , A.G. Elfadil  , Ahmed Mudawi Musa
Published: August 2021

This study is aimed to find out the effect and relationship between metrological parameters and total airborne pollen concentration in atmosphere in Khartoum city (Sudan). For that purpose, one-year data during 2018 of Total Airborne Pollen Concentration (TAPC) and meteorological parameters is utilized. Pollen concentration in the atmosphere was measured using Non-volumetric air sampler (Vertical cylinder spore trap). The descriptive statistic of TAPC and metrological parameters were presented. The result showed TAPC in 2018 reached to their maximum in August (37.5/m³), and the minimum in June (14/ m³). Analysis of the relationship between TAPC and meteorological parameters showed that variations in the pollen concentrations were mainly affected by maximum temperature. In addition, there were substantial differences in these relationships in different seasons. In Autumn, they were affected by the rain falls, maximum temperature and relative humidity; in summer, they were affected by maximum temperature; and in winter, they were affected by maximum temperature and relative humidity. Temperature, rain falls and relative humidity promote plant growth and blooming. As well as the results show wind direction was significant on seasonally TAPC especially in Autumn. The results found significant effects between the meteorological on TAPC, were it is showed 72 % are affecting on TAPC refer to meteorological parameters and 28 % refer to another factors.
Antioxidant activity of some Sudanese medicinal plant methanolic extracts
Authors: Manal A  Ibrahim  , Safa G Ali  , Mahasin M Hussien
Published: August 2021

Traditional medicines play a very important role in the health care system in Sudan, Cadaba glandulosa , Aristolochia bracteolata  , Boscia senegalensis  and Nymphaea lotus are used in folkloric medicine to remedy some diseases. The methanolic extracts were used to evaluate antioxidant activity to the  plants which were mentioned above. B senglensis was shown high activity equal to 87+1, while N. lotus was represented 82+2.  Also A. bracteolate and C. glandulosa exhibited moderate values (54+0.03 and 41+0.04 respectively).
Long-range proton–carbon coupling constants for the determination of the stereochemical structure of organic compounds.
Authors: Anwar, E. M. Noreljaleel
Published: August 2021

A new methods for elucidating stereochemistry of organic compounds was developed on the basis of long-range proton–carbon coupling constants (2,3JC,H) and interpreting spin-coupling constants (3JH,H). Reaction of compound containing pyrin ring with nucleophile reagent was done to open the ring. HSQC-TOCSY experiments one of the new NMR spectroscopy method used to measure this values of spin-coupling constants and elucidating the stereochemistry of the product.
Biochemical changes in serum liver enzymes and total bilirubin cholelithiasis in hospitals in Khartoum
Authors: Ibtisam Bruai Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Cholelithiasis is one of the most prevalent diseases in gastroenterology, and it is a major public health problem in all developed countries. It has the most common in patient diagnosis among gastrointestinal and liver diseases and it accounts for many hospital admissions and surgical interventions in our local population. Gallstone  disease also known to cause  liver disease and defragment of its enzymes. Our main objective in the this study was to investigate   the biochemical changes in serum liver enzyme and total bilirubin associated with Cholelithiasis. High incidence of cholelithiasis was more prominent among females 127(84.7%) relatives to males 23(15.3%), giving males to females ratio (1:5.5).The most affected age groups were 41-50 years .The majority of patients 62(41.33%) were obese and their body mass index (BMI) 25-30. The most common type of stones was Mixed stones (MS). Serum liver enzymes level of patients was found to be nearly within the same range, whereas their serum total bilirubin significantly increased in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, it is found that there was significant difference between males and females in ALT and AST in patients group. The serum total bilirubin of the patients with pigment stones was significantly elevated. Cholelithiasis is an important cause to significant pathological changes in serum total bilirubin   and slight changes in liver enzymes.
Corruption and integrity failures: Evidence from Bangkok's wastewater sector
Authors: Fischer Christia
Published: August 2021

Integrity failures play a key role in the growing problems of Bangkok’s wastewater and the inability of the Thai government to solve them. Three larger systemic barriers to change are very relevant to Bangkok: (i) corruption in public financial management, (ii) corruption at the interface between institutions and individuals and (iii) wider integrity failures. The sector’s path is challenging and the frequently-changing political leadership, the fragmented governance and new laws often create situations conducive to integrity failures.
Regulating urban sanitation: lessons from Lusaka
Authors: Phore Simone
Published: August 2021

Strong WASH systems are needed to extend and ensure adequate urban sanitation services in growing cities like Lusaka. Failure to increase the provision of sanitation services is primarily a governance problem, but general governance initiatives will not be effective without practical measures to strengthen regulation and specifically address corruption. Zambia has developed an impressive regulatory framework including plans to cover non-sewered sanitation, however, this regulatory framework requires further strengthening especially in terms of the capacity of regulators.
Pissapocalypse: New Zealand’s dairy little secret
Authors: Fischer Christian , Relano Ecija Veronica
Published: August 2021

New Zealand, home to 0.06% of the world’s population, contributed nearly 22% to the global dairy market in 2019. New Zealanders are twice as likely to fall ill from campylobacter as Britons, and three times more than Australians or Canadians. Half of New Zealand’s lakes are irreversibly damaged and two thirds of its rivers are too polluted to swim in.
What have we learned from the false heroes of chemistry?
Authors: Fischer Christian , Relano Ecija Veronica
Published: August 2021

3M was aware as early as 1979 that PFOS & PFOA would bio-accumulate around their production site and, as internal documents show, knew about the toxicity of PFOS as well as PFOA by the mid 80s. The company gradually stopped production as soon as environmental agencies caught on to it, priding itself for its environmentally friendly way of doing business. The fact that concentrations of other, different, but similar compounds keep increasing is extremely concerning. If history is not to repeat itself, regulators and citizens must learn from the past.
The mother of corruption
Authors: Fischer Christian
Published: August 2021

A centralised wastewater treatment plant - one of the region’s largest - was to be built in Khlong Dan, Thailand, to process 525,000 m3 of wastewater daily. Staggeringly corrupt deals between politicians, public officials and businesspersons inflated land prices. Colluders were convicted following complaints by locals to the Asian Development Bank, a new prime minister and the pollution control department.