bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abjection in sports: An ethical approach
Authors: Jönsson Kutte
Published: September 2023

In her essay Powers of Horror, Julia Kristeva investigates the concept of abjection. Essentially, the term means “the state of being cast off” and according to Kristeva it is a feeling of disgust, filth and humiliation, things we tend to reject for becoming subjects and protecting identities. But as I will argue here, by rejecting athletes who dissolve the culturally strict boundaries in sports, the sports organizations become abjects themselves, and consequently evade moral responsibility.
Artificial neural network as an effective tool to calculate parameters of positron annihilation lifetime spectra
Authors: Pietrow M. , Miaskowski A.
Published: September 2023

The paper presents the application of the multi-layer perceptron regressor model for predicting the parameters of positron annihilation lifetime spectra using the example of alkanes in the solid phase. Good agreement of calculation results was found when the approach is compared with the commonly used methods, e.g., LT. The presented method can be used as an alternative quick and accurate tool for the decomposition of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) spectra in general. The advantages and disadvantages of this new method are discussed. We show the preliminary results where the trained network can give better outcomes than the results yielded by programs based on an analysis of a single PALS spectrum.
An analytic equation for single cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with a dependence on cell position
Authors: Sugahara Yusuke , Uno Shigeyasu
Published: September 2023

An analytic equation for electrochemical impedance of a single-cell measured with a microelectrode is presented. A previously reported equation had a practical problem that it is valid only when the microelectrode resides at the center of the cell under test. In this work, we propose a new analytic equation incorporating dependence on the cell position and confirmed its effectiveness by numerical simulation. Comparisons show that our proposed equation gives excellent agreement with the simulated impedance values. Discrepancies between the results from our equation and numerical simulation are suppressed within 13%, which is a dramatic reduction from the previously reported discrepancy of 58%. The proposed analytic equation is expected to enable more accurate analysis in actual cell experiments.
The Spanish subjunctive and grounding
Authors: Kratochvílová Dana
Published: September 2023

The paper offers a cognitively oriented approach to the Spanish subjunctive. This verb form is examined in light
of Langacker’s grounding theory. In my understanding, the ground is defined as the communication situation with three inherently
interrelated components: temporality, modality and evidentiality. The subjunctive is then analysed in relation to these three
categories. Particular attention is paid to the evidential component of the ground and its relationship to the Spanish
subjunctive. I define the contexts in which the subjunctive appears as grounding inhibitors. Consequently, the subjunctive is
understood as a verb form lacking temporal, modal and evidential grounding (in opposition to the indicative, which denotes fully
grounded processes).
Mechanical optimisation of Ni coatings produced by low-pressure cold spray
Authors: Rubino Felice , Merino-Millan David , Tucci Fausto , Poza Pedro
Published: September 2023

Nickel-based coatings are widely used as thermal barriers in several sectors thanks to their remarkable corrosion and wear resistance and outstanding stability at high temperatures. Recently, Ni coatings, produced with thermal spraying and vacuum techniques, have been investigated for solar power energy applications. In the present manuscript, low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) was used to deposit pure Nickel onto a steel substrate. The influence of gas temperature, nozzle stand-off distance, and advancing speed on morphological and mechanical properties were studied. The optimal deposition conditions were derived by ANOVA analysis. The hardness and the adhesion strength were approximately 160 HV and 26 MPa, respectively. The highest thickness obtained under the optimised deposition with a single pass was around 900 µm.
A 1-bit phase reconfigurable fixed-frequency wide-angle steering leaky-wave antenna
Authors: Han Jian-Qiao , Meng Fan-Yi , Wang Xiaolong , Liu Yu-Hang , Ding Chang , Jin Tao , Huang Guanlong , Xu Shanshan , Lv Bo , Wu Qun
Published: September 2023

A 1-bit phase reconfigurable fixed-frequency beam steering leaky-wave antenna (FBSLWA) with wide-angle steering is proposed in this paper. By controlling two p–i–n diodes on the branches of the element, a stable 180° phase difference is realized. Moreover, the open stop-band effect at the broadside radiation is suppressed by reducing the reflection coefficients of the element. The proposed FBSLWA can achieve wide-angle steering within a frequency bandwidth of 10.4 GHz–11.8 GHz. As for the measured results, they show that the achievable beam steering ranges of the FBSLWA at 10.4 GHz, 11.0 GHz, and 11.8 GHz are −61° to +59°, −64° to +71°, and −62° to +58° respectively, with measured peak gains of 12.1 dBi, 13.9 dBi, and 11.7 dBi.
Prediction of tribology in (Mg2Si+TiB2)/A356 composites based on RSM method and correlative with topographical characteristics
Authors: Yadav Amit Kumar , Gautam Gaurav , Mohan Sunil
Published: September 2023

This work deals with the prediction of tribological performance in (Mg2Si+TiB2)/A356 composites. In this work, tribological properties are also correlated with topographical characteristics. The effect of several input factors such as load, sliding distance and TiB2 wt% on tribological characteristics of (Mg2Si+TiB2)/A356 composites was explored by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Central composite design (CCD) with three input factors and three levels of variables in RSM was used to develop a statistical model. RSM suggests a quadratic model to express a mathematical relationship between input factors to assess wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to investigate the influence of input factors on wear rate and COF and found that most significant variable that influences wear rate and COF is applied load followed by TiB2 wt% and sliding distance. The desirability function approach is applied to optimized input variables to minimize wear rate and COF. Optimum wear rate is noticed at input variables of 26 N load, 2766 m sliding distance and 3.36 wt% of TiB2 and optimum COF was observed at 29 N of load, 2233 m sliding distance and 1 wt% of TiB2. A confirmatory test was conducted to validate the developed model and observed that experimental results matched the predicted value with an error of less than 5%. SEM and AFM examined surface topography of wear surfaces to understand the wear mechanism and surface features at various input factors. Microstructural features were also examined under optical microscope and SEM, revealing that increased TiB2 content in hybrid composite refined primary Mg2Si and eutectic Mg2Si phase and resulted in increased hardness and improved tribological behaviour of hybrid composite.
The kernel-balanced equation for deep neural networks
Authors: Nakazato Kenichi
Published: September 2023

Deep neural networks have shown many fruitful applications in this decade. A network can get the generalized function through training with a finite dataset. The degree of generalization is a realization of the proximity scale in the data space. Specifically, the scale is not clear if the dataset is complicated. Here we consider a network for the distribution estimation of the dataset. We show the estimation is unstable and the instability depends on the data density and training duration. We derive the kernel-balanced equation, which gives a short phenomenological description of the solution. The equation tells us the reason for the instability and the mechanism of the scale. The network outputs a local average of the dataset as a prediction and the scale of averaging is determined along the equation. The scale gradually decreases along training and finally results in instability in our case.
Simultaneous realization of FIR-based multimode optical thermometry and photonic molecular logic gates in Er3+ and Yb3+ co-doped SrTiO3 phosphor
Authors: Kumar Ishant , Kumar Avinash , Kumar Sandeep , Nair Govind B , Swart H C , Gathania Arvind K
Published: September 2023

Er3+ and Yb3+ co-doped SrTiO3 phosphors were synthesized and characterized by using the x-ray powder diffraction method, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The samples were subjected to thorough luminescence analysis. Under 980 nm infrared (IR) excitation, the (2H11/2,4S3/2) → 4I15/2 and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ gave green and red emissions, respectively. The up-conversion mechanism of the synthesized phosphor was studied using the power-dependent emission spectra of the SrTiO3:Yb3+, Er3+ phosphor. A rate equation model for the up-conversion mechanism of SrTiO3:Yb3+, Er3+ has been proposed. The temperature-dependent responses of various thermal and non-thermally coupled emission lines of Er3+ ions were used to elaborate the thermal sensing capabilities of the synthesized phosphor. The fluorescence intensity ratio technique was used for the temperature sensing measurements. Sensing measurements were performed in the temperature range of 303 to 618 K. Relative sensitivities of 1.28% K−1, 0.15% K−1, 0.98% K−1, and 0.15% K−1 were observed using various thermally and non-thermally coupled energy levels. Furthermore, using heat and incident IR excitation as physical inputs, we have shown that the synthesized phosphor can also be used to design various elementary logic gates such as AND, INHIBIT, and DEMULTIPLEX photonic molecular logic gates. A high switching ratio of ∼143% for the AND gate and ∼44.8% for the INHIBIT gate was observed using the scheme presented in this manuscript. The synthesized phosphor has the potential to be used as a bifunctional material for optical thermometry and molecular logic devices.
Linear superposition for a novel nonlocal PT -symmetric mKdV-sG system
Authors: Jia Man , Lou S Y
Published: September 2023

A novel nonlocal




-symmetric modified Korteweg–de Vries-sine Gordon (mKdV-sG) system is established via the consistent correlated bang (CCB) method from the normal mKdV-sG equation. The obtained nonlocal mKdV-sG system is Lax integrable and can be reduced to the normal mKdV-sG equation with suitable function selections. Using symmetry-antisymmetry separation method, a linear superposition solution theorem for the nonlocal mKdV-sG system is concluded. Abundant nonlinear wave structures of the obtained nonlocal system, such as the periodic waves, the kinks, the breathers and periodic-periodic interaction waves, periodic-kink interaction waves, periodic-breathers interaction waves solutions are obtained from the linear superposition solution theorem.
Germanium-based nearly hyperuniform nanoarchitectures by ion beam impact
Authors: Claude Jean-Benoit , Bouabdellaoui Mohammed , Khoury Mario , Wenger Jerome , Bollani Monica , Salvalaglio Marco , Abbarchi Marco
Published: September 2023

We address the fabrication of nano-architectures by impacting thin layers of amorphous Ge deposited on SiO2 with a Ga+ ion beam and investigate the structural and optical properties of the resulting patterns. By adjusting beam current and scanning parameters, different classes of nano-architectures can be formed, from elongated and periodic structures to disordered ones with a footprint of a few tens of nm. The latter disordered case features a significant suppression of large length scale fluctuations that are conventionally observed in ordered systems and exhibits a nearly hyperuniform character, as shown by the analysis of the spectral density at small wave vectors. It deviates from conventional random fields as accounted for by the analysis of Minkowski functionals. A proof of concept for potential applications is given by showing peculiar reflection properties of the resulting nano-structured films that exhibit colorization and enhanced light absorption with respect to the flat Ge layer counterpart (up to one order of magnitude at some wavelength). This fabrication method for disordered hyperuniform structures does not depend on the beam size. Being ion beam technology widely adopted in semiconductor foundries over 200 mm wafers, our work provides a viable pathway for obtaining disordered, nearly-hyperuniform materials by self-assembly with a footprint of tens of nanometers for electronic and photonic devices, energy storage and sensing.
3D permanent magnetic lattices for ultracold atoms
Authors: Ghanbari Saeed
Published: September 2023

We introduce 3D permanent magnetic lattices for ultracold atoms which can be created by arbitrary number of 2D arrays of square permanent magnetic slabs plus a bias magnetic field. Instead of the square magnets, we can also use magnetic films with square holes. We find analytical expressions for the location of the nonzero magnetic field minima and physical quantities such as trap depths, absolute value of the magnetic field and curvatures as well as trap frequencies at each minimum. We show that most of them, including the trap depths, modulation depths, and trap frequencies can be controlled by the bias field. Accessible trap depths and trap frequencies in the permanent magnetic lattices are much higher compared to the optical lattices. Between the magnetic layers, the trap frequencies are higher compared to above the top layer (under the bottom layer). In principle, our method can be generalized to other 2D permanent magnetic lattices and we show how to transform a 2D lattice of a given geometry into 3D by using multiple layers of magnets.
Continuous limit of a tight-binding model on a hexagonal disk in a magnetic field: size dependence on energy level
Authors: Inui Norio
Published: September 2023

This study considers the energy level of a charged particle on a large hexagonal lattice in a magnetic field. The discretized Schrödinger equation on a hexagonal lattice, which can be expressed as a special case of a tight-binding model is derived, and its energy level is numerically calculated. The size dependence of the energy level near zero for large radii is considered by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the zeros of the Laguerre function, which is the radical wavefunction of the continuous Schrödinger equation. Additionally, the splitting of the Landau level due to the finite size of a hexagonal disk is discussed.
Nonlinear dynamics and stochastic optimal control of a Huanglongbing epidemic model with resistance
Authors: Zhang Yan , Gao Shujing , Wang Huatao , Liu Yang
Published: September 2023

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) epidemic diseases is a destructive threat to the citrus industry worldwide. In this paper, a stochastic epidemic model is proposed for the transmission of Huanglongbing in scenarios between Asian citrus psyllid and the citrus trees host. The influence of insecticide resistance is considered and the dynamical properties of the new model are mathematically analyzed. It is proved that the model is well-posed by obtaining the existence of a single global positive solution. Further, when R
2 > 1, weak persistence in the mean is obtained by developing a suitable Lyapunov function and sufficient criteria R
1 < 1 is derived for the extinction of the disease. Moreover, the analysis of stochastic optimality is used, and a proper strategy is studied to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HLB. Numerical simulations and examples are carried out to verify the main theoretical results.
Inverse current induced thermoelectric conversion in a parallel-coupled double quantum dot system
Authors: Zhang Yanchao , Wang Shuang , Li Wanrong , Yue Mingzhuang
Published: September 2023

We investigate the thermoelectric transport and conversion of a parallel-coupled double quantum dot system, which consisting of two capacitively coupled quantum dots in the Coulomb-blockade regime. We found that the system exhibits an unconventional thermoelectric conversion process induced by the inverse current effect, which is attributed to the increased Coulombic interaction between quantum dots, resulting in strong asymmetry in the system. We study the transport properties of steady-state particle current and heat current, and analyze the influence of Coulomb interaction on the thermodynamic characteristics of unconventional thermoelectric heat engines and refrigerators.
The multi-scale fusion reconstruction algorithm of CT and CL
Authors: Jia Tong , Wei Cunfeng , Zhu Min , Shi Rongjian , Wang Zhe , Cui Xindong , Liu Baodong
Published: September 2023

Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used nondestructive testing (NDT) technique for material research, paleontology research and other fields. However, it is difficult for CT to reconstruct flat objects at high magnification ratios. Computed laminography (CL) enables high-resolution imaging for flat objects due to its unique scanning geometry. A challenging task for CL image reconstruction is to deal with the cross-section artifacts resulting from the incomplete projection data acquired from the CL scan. An effective multi-scale fusion reconstruction algorithm of CT and CL was proposed in this paper. The algorithm combining the advantages of the two scanning geometries, low-resolution CT data was used to compensate for the data missing in CL projection domain, and the cross-section artifacts were reduced. Experiments on paleontological fossils and multilayer printed circuit boards (PCB) were performed, where CT and CL data from different systems and scanning conditions. The results showed that the method can effectively suppress the cross-section artifacts of CL and obtain high-resolution reconstructed images.
Novel Optical bi-directional solutions to the new dual-mode derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Alam Badar E , Javid Ahmad
Published: September 2023

In recent times, a novel category of nonlinear physical models known as dual-mode nonlinear equations has emerged. These equations include various real-valued dual-mode equations linked to widely-known single-mode equations like KdV, mKdV, Schrödinger and Burger’s. Extensive research has been conducted to establish and investigate these equations. This study presents a novel dual-mode derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation that incorporates new parameters for dissipative effects, nonlinearity, and interaction phase velocity. Various methods such as the tanh-coth scheme, extended exponential method, Kudryashov-scheme and the sine-cosine function methods are employed to investigate the solutions of the model. The obtained solutions are illustrated through graphical 2D and 3D and to demonstrate their dynamics and shapes. Furthermore, the interaction of the dual-waves is correlated with changes in the phase-velocity parameter. This model describes propagation of two simultaneously directional waves instead of as in standard Schrödinger equation. For the propagation of solitons in nonlinear optics, the solutions found in this study have important significance. All the resulting solutions can help to comprehend the underlying mechanisms for numerous nonlinear phenomena in diverse domains, including nonlinear optics, plasma physics, Bose–Einstein condensates and others.
Energy bands in a three dimension simple cubic lattice of contact potential
Authors: Zhang Yi-Cai , Zhang J M
Published: September 2023

In this work, we investigate energy bands in a three dimensional simple cubic lattice of contact potential. The energy bands in the first Brillouin Zone are obtained with Ewald’s summation method. In comparison with single point potential, the presence of lattice potential changes the existence condition of negative energy states near zero energy. It is found that the system always has negative energy states for an arbitrarily weak periodic potential. In addition, we prove that if an irreducible unitary representation is not a trivial representation of group of wave vector, the corresponding wave functions at lattice sites would be zero. With this theorem, the degeneracy of energy bands is explained with group theory. Furthermore, we find that there exists some energy bands which are not affected by the lattice potential. We call their corresponding eigenstates as dark states. The physical mechanism of the dark states is explained by explicitly constructing the standing wave-type Bloch wave functions.
A novel 2D-PhC based ring resonator design with flexible structural defects for CWDM applications
Authors: S Geerthana , T Sridarshini , S Syedakbar , S Nithya , V R Balaji , Thirumurugan Arun , Dhanabalan Shanmuga Sundar
Published: September 2023

In this article, a chain-shaped photonic crystal-based ring resonator (PhCRR), which can function as a channel drop filter (CDF), is designed using two-dimensional photonic crystals. Silicon rods with a refractive index of 3.44 are chosen, and they are perforated in the air with a refractive index of 1 for the PhCRR layout design. Silicon material is selected for realizing the PhCRR-based channel drop filter because it exhibits nearly zero absorption in the C-band (1530–1565 nm) spectral region. The PhCRR structure is established within two-dimensional hexagonal lattices. Transmission efficiency, quality factor, and sensitivity are critical parameters in the design of optical components. Our proposed ring resonator achieves a transmission efficiency of 99.7% with a quality factor of 4550 at a wavelength of 1551 nm. To analyze the drop filter’s functionality, we calculate the electric field distribution of two-dimensional photonic crystals at 1551 nm and 1553 nm. We employ the FDTD numerical analyser to extract simulation results, and the plane wave expansion solver method is used to estimate the photonic band gap of the designed resonator. The chain-shaped photonic crystal-based ring resonator is designed to operate in the third optical window wavelength, which offers very low loss (less than 0.2 dB). The proposed PhCRR is designed to operate within the conventional band range of 1530 to 1565 nm and can be used for various applications such as tunable add/drop multiplexing, optical filters, signal routing and switching in CWDM applications, free space communication systems, and photonic integrated circuits.
Single step facile synthesis of Cu-SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst for methylene blue dye degradation in aqueous solution
Authors: Zena Zewdu Weldemichael , Tufa Lemma Teshome , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Gemta Abebe Belay , Dejene Francis Birhanu
Published: September 2023

A Cu-SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite was prepared using a single-step facile synthesis method, sol–gel, for photocatalyst application. The XRD of Cu-SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite shows SnO2 and ZnO have tetragonal rutile and hexagonal wurtzite, which is similar to HRTEM and SAED data. The crystallite sizes of SnO2, ZnO, Cu-SnO2, SnO2/ZnO, and Cu-SnO2/ZnO are 8.50 nm, 29.12 nm, 7.10 nm, 6.42 nm, and 3.50 nm, respectively. The calculated energy band gap of SnO2, ZnO, Cu-SnO2, and Cu-SnO2/ZnO from the DRS measurements is 3.60 eV, 3.20 eV, 3.34 eV, 3.48 eV, and 3.09 eV, respectively. The photoluminescence spectroscopy shows that Cu-SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite has a higher defect density than another sample. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identifies the functional groups of the Cu-SnO2/ZnO powder samples. The EDS spectra of the synthesized Cu-SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite indicated the existence of the elements of Cu, Sn, Zn, and O, respectively. The photocatalyst activities of Cu-SnO2/ZnO have higher efficiency, ~78%, than other samples.
Ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic properties in triangle multi-layer graphene nanoflake
Authors: Ghasemifard Alireza , Panahi S F K S , Sharifian Mahmoodreza
Published: September 2023

The electronic and magnetic properties of vertically stacked multilayer triangular graphene nano-flakes with zigzag edges are studied using the first nearest neighbor tight-binding model combined with a single π-orbital Hubbard model, and compared with density functional-based tight-binding calculations. Magnetic ordering in the ground state is layered dependence. AA-stacking with odd and even numbers of layers offers ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic ordering, respectively. While AB-stacking always displays ferromagnetic ordering. Besides, the spatial distribution of the states in AAA stackings determines two distinct edge states where the zero energy states in the tight-binding spectrum have no probability of being localized on the middle layer, while non-zero states are widespread in all three layers.
Effect of variable thickness on liquefied petroleum gas sensing response of ZnO thin films
Authors: Patial Payal , Aggarwal Nupur , Deshwal Manish , Byeon Haewon , Lautre Hitendra Kumar , Kumar Naveen
Published: September 2023

In the present study, transparent and crack free ZnO thin films were casted on silicon substrate by using spin coating technique to analyze the effect of variable thickness. The crystallographic structure of as-prepared thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and it was revealed that all the samples exhibit hexagonal wurtzite-type crystal symmetry with

P

6

3

mc
.

Surface morphology and granular microstructure illustrated uniform distribution and well-interlinking of grains and film thickness of ZnO@1, ZnO@2, and ZnO@3 samples was found to be 80 nm, 155 nm, and 230 nm, respectively. The effect of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purging on varying thickness of ZnO thin films were carried out lab customized gas calibrated testing apparatus. The maximum gas sensing response was observed for the sample ZnO@2 with thickness 155 nm at an operating temperature of 180 °C.
Investigating boson sector in an extended standard model with U(1)
D
symmetry
Authors: Salim Adam Apriadi , Andriani Yunita Kristanti , Latifah Eny
Published: September 2023

We have investigated the boson sector in an extended standard model (SM) with additional U(1)
D
symmetry. In the proposed model, the singlet scalar and doublet scalar Higgs are added in addition to the SM-like scalar Higgs. These scalars are also coupled to the gauge boson fields. In this work, we calculate the masses of both gauge and scalar Higgs bosons. Their masses are obtained through spontaneous symmetry breaking using the Higgs fields with non-zero vacuum expectation values. We also study numerically the positivity conditions of the vacuum expectation value of the scalars. In particular, we perform scanning of the parameter space of the potential and study the obtained scalar mass dependence on the parameter of the model.
Studying the impact of interface roughness on a layered photonic crystal as a sensor
Authors: Zaky Zaky A , Al-Dossari M , Hendy Ahmed S , Aly Arafa H
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the impact of the interface roughness on a layered photonic crystal as a gas sensor based on Tamm resonance in the terahertz range. The well-known transfer matrix method is used for simulation. The sensor's performance is observed for various thicknesses of the rough layer (exponential-graded refractive index layer) between the adjacent layers. The rise in the rough layer between adjacent porous and cavity layers causes a decrease in sensitivity but enhances the quality factor and figure of merit of the proposed structure. However, the change in the thickness of the rough layer between the metallic and the last cavity layer does not affect the performance.
The diversity of operational regimes in an ytterbium-doped fiber laser with a low-Q-factor cavity
Authors: Kir’yanov A V , Muniz-Cánovas P , Barmenkov Y O
Published: September 2023

Here, we report the unusual behavior of an ytterbium-doped fiber laser with a low-Q-factor cavity characterized by a variety of qualitatively different regimes arising as a result of increasing pump power: from amplified spontaneous emission via self-induced laser line sweeping and self-Q-switching, to narrow-band ‘thermal-light’ emission. Special attention is paid to a discussion of the statistical and coherent properties of light released by the laser system in the considered operational regimes.
Valley transport in Kekulé structures of graphene
Authors: Wang 王 Juan-Juan 娟娟 , Wang 汪 Jun 军
Published: September 2023

Valleytronics is an emergent discipline in condensed matter physics and offers a new way to encode and manipulate information based on the valley degree of freedom in materials. Among the various materials being studied, Kekulé distorted graphene has emerged as a promising material for valleytronics applications. Graphene can be artificially distorted to form the Kekulé structures rendering the valley-related interaction. In this work, we review the recent progress of research on Kekulé structures of graphene and focus on the modified electronic bands due to different Kekulé distortions as well as their effects on the transport properties of electrons. We systematically discuss how the valley-related interaction in the Kekulé structures was used to control and affect the valley transport including the valley generation, manipulation, and detection. This article summarizes the current challenges and prospects for further research on Kekulé distorted graphene and its potential applications in valleytronics.
Growth mechanism and characteristics of electron drift instability in Hall thruster with different propellant types
Authors: Chen 陈 Long 龙 , Kan 阚 Zi-Chen 子晨 , Gao 高 Wei-Fu 维富 , Duan 段 Ping 萍 , Chen 陈 Jun-Yu 俊宇 , Tan 檀 Cong-Qi 聪琦 , Cui 崔 Zuo-Jun 作君
Published: September 2023

The existence of a significant electron drift instability (EDI) in the Hall thruster is considered as one of the possible causes of the abnormal increase in axial electron mobility near the outlet of the channel. In recent years, extensive simulation research on the characteristics of EDI has been conducted, but the excitation mechanism and growth mechanism of EDI in linear stage and nonlinear stage remain unclear. In this work, a one-dimensional PIC model in the azimuthal direction of the thruster near-exit region is established to gain further insights into the mechanism of the EDI in detail, and the effects of different types of propellants on EDI characteristics are discussed. The changes in axial electron transport caused by EDI under different types of propellants and electromagnetic field strengths are also examined. The results indicate that EDI undergoes a short linear growth phase before transitioning to the nonlinear phase and finally reaching saturation through the ion Landau damping. The EDI drives a significant ion heating in the azimuthal direction through electron–ion friction before entering the quasi-steady state, which increases the axial mobility of the electrons. Using lighter atomic weight propellant can effectively suppress the oscillation amplitude of EDI, but it will increase the linear growth rate, frequency, and phase velocity of EDI. Compared with the classical mobility, the axial electron mobility under the EDI increases by three orders of magnitude, which is consistent with experimental phenomena. The change of propellant type is insufficient to significantly change the axial electron mobility. It is also found that the collisions between electrons and neutral gasescan significantly affect the axial electron mobility under the influence of EDI, and lead the strength of the electric field to increase and the strength of the magnetic field to decrease, thereby both effectively suppressing the axial transport of electrons.
Effectiveness of motor and prefrontal cortical areas for brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation neuromodulation
Authors: Fadli Rizaldi A , Yamanouchi Yuki , Jovanovic Lazar I , Popovic Milos R , Marquez-Chin Cesar , Nomura Taishin , Milosevic Matija
Published: September 2023

Objective. Brain-computer interface (BCI)-controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) could excite the central nervous system to enhance upper limb motor recovery. Our current study assessed the effectiveness of motor and prefrontal cortical activity-based BCI-FES to help elucidate the underlying neuromodulation mechanisms of this neurorehabilitation approach. Approach. The primary motor cortex (M1) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) BCI-FES interventions were performed for 25 min on separate days with twelve non-disabled participants. During the interventions, a single electrode from the contralateral M1 or PFC was used to detect event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the calibrated frequency range. If the BCI system detected ERD within 15 s of motor imagery, FES activated wrist extensor muscles. Otherwise, if the BCI system did not detect ERD within 15 s, a subsequent trial was initiated without FES. To evaluate neuromodulation effects, corticospinal excitability was assessed using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, and cortical excitability was assessed by motor imagery ERD and resting-state functional connectivity before, immediately, 30 min, and 60 min after each intervention. Main results. M1 and PFC BCI-FES interventions had similar success rates of approximately 80%, while the M1 intervention was faster in detecting ERD activity. Consequently, only the M1 intervention effectively elicited corticospinal excitability changes for at least 60 min around the targeted cortical area in the M1, suggesting a degree of spatial localization. However, cortical excitability measures did not indicate changes after either M1 or PFC BCI-FES. Significance. Neural mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of BCI-FES neuromodulation may be attributed to the M1 direct corticospinal projections and/or the closer timing between ERD detection and FES, which likely enhanced Hebbian-like plasticity by synchronizing cortical activation detected by the BCI system with the sensory nerve activation and movement related reafference elicited by FES.
Beam delivery and beamstrahlung considerations for ultra-high energy linear colliders
Authors: Barklow Tim , Gessner Spencer , Hogan Mark , Ng Cho-Kuen , Peskin Michael , Raubenheimer Tor , White Glen , Adli Erik , Cao Gevy Jiawei , Lindstrøm Carl A. , Sjobak Kyrre , Barber Sam , Geddes Cameron , Formenti Arianna , Lehe Remi , Schroeder Carl , Terzani Davide , van Tilborg Jeroen , Vay Jean-Luc , Zoni Edoardo , Doss Christopher , Litos Michael , Lobach Ihar , Power John , Swiatlowski Maximilian , Fedeli Luca , Vincenti Henri , Grismayer Thomas , Vranic Marija , Zhang Wenlong
Published: September 2023

As part of the Snowmass'21 community planning excercise, the
Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC) community proposed future linear
colliders with center-of-mass energies up to 15 TeV and
luminosities up to 50 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 in a
compact footprint. In addition to being compact, these machines must
also be energy efficient. We identify two challenges that must be
addressed in the design of these machines. First, the Beam Delivery
System (BDS) must not add significant length to the accelerator
complex. Second, beam parameters must be chosen to mitigate
beamstrahlung effects and maximize the luminosity-per-power of the
machine. In this paper, we review advances in plasma lens technology
that will help to reduce the length of the BDS system and we detail
new Particle-in-Cell simulation studies that will provide insight
into beamstrahlung mitigation techniques. We apply our analysis to
both e
+
e
- and γγ colliders. The challenges and
solutions described in this paper are considered independently. A
unified, self-consistent concept for a BDS system for a 15 TeV
linear collider will be the subject of future work.
Energy calibration of germanium detectors for the Majorana Demonstrator
Authors: Arnquist I.J. , Avignone III F.T. , Barabash A.S. , Barton C.J. , Bhimani K.H. , Blalock E. , Bos B. , Busch M. , Buuck M. , Caldwell T.S. , Chan Y.-D. , Christofferson C.D. , Chu P.-H. , Clark M.L. , Cuesta C. , Detwiler J.A. , Efremenko Yu. , Ejiri H. , Elliott S.R. , Giovanetti G.K. , Green M.P. , Gruszko J. , Guinn I.S. , Guiseppe V.E. , Haufe C.R. , Henning R. , Hervas Aguilar D. , Hoppe E.W. , Hostiuc A. , Kidd M.F. , Kim I. , Kouzes R.T. , Lannen V T.E. , Li A. , López-Castaño J.M. , Martin E.L. , Martin R.D. , Massarczyk R. , Meijer S.J. , Oli T.K. , Paudel L.S. , Pettus W. , Poon A.W.P. , Radford D.C. , Reine A.L. , Rielage K. , Ruof N.W. , Schaper D.C. , Tedeschi D. , Varner R.L. , Vasilyev S. , Wilkerson J.F. , Wiseman C. , Xu W. , Yu C.-H. , Zhu B.X. ,   The Majorana collaboration
Published: September 2023

The Majorana Demonstrator was a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in the 76Ge isotope. It was staged at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD. The experiment consisted of 58 germanium detectors housed in a low background shield and was calibrated once per week by deploying a 228Th line source for 1 to 2 hours. The energy scale calibration determination for the detector array was automated using custom analysis tools. We describe the offline procedure for calibration of the Demonstrator germanium detectors, including the simultaneous fitting of multiple spectral peaks, estimation of energy scale uncertainties, and the automation of the calibration procedure.
Comparison Assessment of Pier Dimension Measurement with Different Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) Setup Location
Authors: Syafuan Wan Mohamed , Ismail Neza , Efandi Daniel
Published: September 2023

A bridge is a structure that joins two highways and has four distinct parts: the deck, abutment, pier, and joist. For safety reasons, this structure required routine inspections by a qualified inspector. Suggesting a new approach that uses non-contact testing technologies (NCT) will resolve all the difficulties related to the inspector’s current conventional method’s increased time, expense, and labor intensity. Compared to traditional approaches using visual inspection, NCT technologies are prospective instruments for assessing the state of bridges since they allow for quick and simple measurement with little disruption to traffic. Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) is now taught in surveying courses to help surveyors perform their jobs more efficiently. The goal of this study was to make technology use better because it requires less human interaction with quality results. TLS contains a points cloud consisting of x, y, and z coordinates; hence it can produce 3-dimensional (3D) model output. The main objective of this study is to produce the 3D model from point cloud data, followed by the second objective, which is to compare measurement of pier dimension with various distance of TLS setup distance location. To achieve this objective, configuration of TLS with Zig Zag setup location to cover all of bridge structure to produce a 3D model and configure three various distance TLS setup location to measure the accuracy of pier dimension. The control actual data was done by measuring using Total Station and measuring tape. The output of point cloud data from TLS using Cyclone Register360 was compared with actual data. The results shown point cloud data from TLS can produced 3D model with accurate dimension measurement. Setup the TLS location depends on the suitability of the work to increase the quality of data.
Comparison of MyRTKnet Performance with Various Real-Time Corrections Based on Different Time
Authors: Al-Attas Syed Haziq Muhammad , Latip Amir Sharifuddin Ab , Din Ami Hassan Md , Al-Attas Syed Idrus
Published: September 2023

Virtual Reference Station (VRS), Master-Auxiliary Corrections (MAX), Individualised Master-Auxiliary Corrections (IMAX), Nearest Base, and Network D-GNSS are among the Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) techniques supported by the Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS Network (MyRTKnet) in providing network-based solutions to users. However, different network corrections have different limits due to different characters, thus offering a variety of position accuracy. Therefore, this study evaluated the accuracy of real-time corrections, VRS, MAX, IMAX, D-GNSS, and Nearest Base, for the coordinates at two different times, morning and evening. The study was conducted at two different times to make it easier for users to choose a suitable and quality time to conduct observations. This research was implemented on the pillars at the calibration site of Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (POLISAS) in Kuantan, Pahang. The coordinates in the pillar become a benchmark to differentiate with real-time correction coordinates. The result of that difference can be used to analyse the level of accuracy for real-time corrections. The study’s findings show that the real-time correction accuracy of the VRS type is the most stable and has the highest accuracy. Nearest Base and MAX corrections also give relatively good accuracy and can be improved by increasing observation time and depending on the area. IMAX produces inconsistent results with relatively low accuracy, but some techniques can be applied to obtain good accuracy. D-GNSS type corrections give inconsistent results and low position accuracy as it utilises code measurement only. The research concludes that the best correction is VRS. The Nearest Base and MAX produce acceptable accuracy and can be safely chosen over IMAX and D-GNSS.
PDNA of Post Flood Event in Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Zulkhairy Wan Syazanabila Wan , Bakar Rabieahtul Abu
Published: September 2023

Extreme rainfall variations generally result in either extreme precipitation accompanied by flood risk events. Globally, flooding has been a major worry, particularly in Malaysia. In recent years, the frequency and magnitude of floods have grown substantially. Severe precipitation has caused significant devastation to human life and property. Exposure, vulnerability, and risk analysis use inventories of elements-at-risk (EaR), also known as assets, to determine who and what is at risk. The recent occurrence that occurred in February and December 2022 were unprecedented and cause RM29.8 million of economic losses in Kelantan. Numerous problems that range from structural, social, environmental, economical to psychological impacts strike over the community in this flood prone area. Almost 230, 424 people and 54, 924 houses were directly impacted by this flood event. The primary objective is to determine the entire amount of a disaster’s effect on a nation and based on these findings, to develop an executable and sustainable Recovery Plan for mobilising financial and technical resources. The methodology and procedure for a full evaluation of damages, losses, and requirements, leading to the establishment of a Recovery Strategy. Assessment and Recovery Strategy produced during the PDNA is a necessity as it is a more thorough recovery planning, especially in the event of large-scale disasters. Mapping the impact of the flood catastrophe and gathering all information related to the communities to get back to their daily lives a comprehensive assessment is imperative. With these building back better is feasible for this exposed community. The PDNA analyses disaster consequences and implications. It uses analytical approaches, tools, and strategies for post-disaster evaluations and recovery planning to ensure comparability and uniformity. It provides complete picture of the post-disaster situations highlighting the various requirements and goals of different sectors, social groups, and sub-groups.
Analyze the Relationship Between Aboveground Biomass and NDVI Values Derived from UAV Multispectral Imagery
Authors: Anuar Nur Izzati , Khalid Nafisah , Tahar Khairul Nizam , Othman Ainon Nisa
Published: September 2023

Aboveground biomass is usually estimated using an allometric method. Diameter at breast height (DBH) is one of the important variables that is used in estimating aboveground biomass. There is a relationship between aboveground biomass values with size of trees, DBH, tree height, crown diameter and greenness of trees. In remote sensing, the tree biophysical parameters can be derived from digital image processing and greenness of the trees can be assessed using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between aboveground biomass and NDVI values using UAV-based multispectral imagery. Three developed allometric equations were used to analyse the relationship between aboveground biomass and NDVI values. The results show that there is a moderate relationship between the NDVI values derived from multispectral imagery and estimated aboveground biomass with average R2is 0.55. Altogether, 347 samples of data have been successfully collected at the study in Seksyen U11, Bukit Bandaraya, Shah Alam with the average diameter at breast height (DBH) is 29.457cm.
Rainfall Analysis at Klang District in December 2021
Authors: Tugi Astina , Abdullah Nazirah Mohamad , Din Ami Hassan Md , Supardi Izyan Hakimah Kamar
Published: September 2023

In December 2021, the worst flood outbreak in Malaysia occurred in Selangor and Pahang States. Focused on the Klang district, the rainfall amount during the flooding month, which happened in December, has been analyzed. This study aims to examine the rainfall data in this area during the occurrence of the flood. Hourly rainfall data were obtained from four rainfall stations: JPS Pulau Lumut station, Kg. Sg. Kembong station, Pintu Kawalan P/S Telok Gong station, and Ladang Sg. Kapar station has been computed to daily rainfall data by using averaging formula and analyzed using Pearson’s correlation formula. The result shows that the highest amount of rainfall occurred on December 17, 2021, with 18.4 mm at JPS Pulau Lumut station. The correlation analysis values between each station show a good correlation since they exceed the value of 0.650. A strong correlation is indicated by JPS Pulau Lumut and Ladang Sg. Kapar with 0.893. Rainfall analysis and accurate rainfall measurement are important for a wide spectrum of assessments, such as flood forecasting, effective water resources management, and agriculture.
The effect of plasma exchange on serum levels of lacosamide: A case report
Authors: Peters Bradley J , Brown Andrew E , Thornton Nathaniel M , Winters Jeffrey L , Chalmers Sarah J
Published: September 2023

Purpose

We describe the case of a 22-year-old male who developed thyroid storm necessitating therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The patient’s past medical history was complicated by epilepsy, for which he took lacosamide. Little evidence was available to guide lacosamide dosing during TPE. Because of an exacerbation of the patient’s underlying epilepsy in the context of the thyroid storm, we conducted therapeutic medication monitoring of lacosamide concentrations to guide management.

We arranged for measurement of the lacosamide concentration immediately before TPE (5.1 μg/mL) and 2.5 hours after the initial measurement (3.4 μg/mL) to determine the amount of lacosamide removed by TPE. Utilizing population pharmacokinetic parameters, we calculated the expected concentration and compared this to the measured concentration. The difference between these values was used to determine the percentage removed via TPE compared to the expected post-TPE concentration. We found that one TPE session removed an additional 20% of serum lacosamide.

Conclusion

TPE appeared to remove an additional 20% of lacosamide when compared to the expected post-TPE concentration.