bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A flexible compartment model for simulation specific to COVID-19
Authors: Ohmori Hiroo
Published: June 2022

The dynamic relation among ‘Susceptible’, ‘Infected’, ‘Removed (Recovered)’, ‘Death’ and others for the COVID-19 disease is a kind of multibody problem. It has been simulated mainly by the compartment models of which representative is the SIR model. For the SIR model, the ‘Infected’ infects the ‘Susceptible’ through the recovery period and the ‘Infected’ is removed as the ‘Removed’ after the recovery period is ended. For COVID-19, however, the infected individuals should be isolated from the community when they become symptomatic after the latent period is ended. Thus, the infected individuals do not infect in the community after the latent period even during the recovery period. Additionally, the infection has occurred in the community even during the latent period before the infected individuals are isolated due to being symptomatic. These two facts for COVID-19 suggest that the simulation by the SIR model would be lower accurate in calculation for the number of infected individuals and that the results might mislead political and medical interventions. For the model proposed here, the recovered individuals who have medically recovered and have immunity come back to the community and the infection occurs even during the latent period. The model shows remarkably different results from those simulated by the SIR model. The model also provides the processes evaluating the political and social countermeasures against COVID-19
Enablers and Barriers to Adequate Complementary Feeding (CF) Practices in Pakistan; Secondary Analysis of Formative Research on National CF Assessment (NCFA)
Authors: Shuja Saba , Khan Wisal , Mahmood Hana , Kiani Hira , Sheraz Syed Yahya , Ategbo Eric Alain
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMalnutrition among children continues to be one of the major public health problems globally with majority of cases residing in Asia. Within this region, Pakistan is among the countries with the highest burden of child malnutrition as 28.9% children are underweight, 40.2% are stunted and 17.7% suffer from wasting. Among the key contributors towards malnutrition in early years of life, inappropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding (CF) practices are most appropriate There is a need to explore the factors responsible for poor feeding practices to address the gaps for designing evidence-based interventions focusing on social, cultural, and economic aspects of CF practices.We, therefore, aimed to understand how the cultural and social context in Pakistan influences the CF practices and the key social, cultural and economic drivers of change that need to be considered when shaping future policies and development interventions.MethodsWe conducted secondary analysis on the qualitative data collected through formative research as a part of the National CF Assessment (NCFA) conducted in 2018 across Pakistan by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the Pakistani Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination (MoNHSR&C). In-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted with mothers and fathers of children aged 6 to 23 months were included in the analysis. Framework analysis approach was applied to analyze the data.ResultsFinancial barriers included limited finances and unemployment of the father, cultural barriers included restricted female mobility, heavy workload on mothers and dietary misconceptions whereas large family size, inaccess to food, inadequate knowledge and poor perception on CF, use of shelf foods, preference of child to certain foods, and harsh environmental conditions were reported as social barriers. Financial enablers included sound economic conditions of the household whereas joint family system, multiple sources of income, kitchen gardening, home based poultry, counseling by lady health workers and health care providers were among the social enablers.ConclusionConsidering CF practices in Pakistan are inadequate therefore strategies are to be put on removing barriers to adequate CF. This can only be achieved if efforts are indicated from the policy level down to the community.
Fostering empathy in children through storytelling: A Protocol for Scoping Review.
Authors: Odumegwu Joseph Chinwuba , Scheidt Leticia , McMahon Jennifer
Published: June 2022

BackgroundNo matter the age, everyone craves interaction and belonging, and storytelling creates this sense of belonging. Stories have the power to engage, influence, teach and inspire listeners.The emotional connection built when listening to a story, as opposed to reading raw facts or data, is far more stronger and pushes people to act in an altruistic, empathetic or prosocial manner. ObjectiveOverall, this study aims to identify all relevant quantitative and qualitative literature in the area of storytelling and empathy among children aged 5 to 12 years, by adopting the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework. MethodsFollowing the scoping review guidelines provided by Arksey and O'Malley, the underlisted electronic databases will be searched; MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, CINAHL and Cochrane. Reference lists of articles, grey literature and journals would be screened to locate additional studies. Inclusion criteria will be strictly based on study aims and objectives. ResultsThe results of this review will be reported using the PRISMA-ScR (Tricco et al., 2018). The results will address the primary research question and describe a summary of the available literature on storytelling interventions on children's empathy. ConclusionsA scoping review of storytelling interventions and empathy outcomes for children has never been conducted due to a lack of literature. This report wants to fill this gap by summarizing what is known about this issue. Findings of this review will potentially inform future research into the effectiveness of storytelling interventions and point to the gaps in knowledge.
Hydrological modelling of climate change impacts in Awash River basin: A case of Borkena River Catchment, Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Teshome , Ayalew Mamaru , Sahlu Dejene , Sintayehu Gashaw , Belayneh Alemshet
Published: June 2022

Regional and local hydrological regimes are expressively exposed to global climate change, which is considered to be one of the major problems threating water resources and flood security. This research has been done aimed at the examination of the effect of climate change on the hydrology of Borkena watershed, Awash River Basin during 2030s (2021–2040), 2050s (2040–2060), and 2070s (2061–2080) future periods. To realize this, the distributed hydrological SWAT Model driven by three different Global Circulation Models (MIROC5, MPI, and IPSL) under two Representative Concentration Pathway emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) was used. As result, the GCM projection indicated that, the mean annual maximum and minimum temperature projected to increases by 0.56°c and 0.31°c respectively while the mean annual rainfall has no a significant change in the coming decades. The study also resulted in a considerable average monthly and seasonal, rainfall change in magnitude and direction. Relative to the baseline period the changes in mean annual stream flow from (2021–2080) are mostly negative and indicate a reduction in volume of discharge available in the Borkena river. In addition, trends in the extreme flow are also determined for high and low flows and the results show a forceful negative trend for extreme stream flows and flood volumes may decrease by 43.1% in RCP4.5 under MPI (2021–2040), 38.6% (2041–2060) and 49.4% (2061–2080) in RCP8.5 under IPSL and MIROC5 respectively. These findings will serve as a nearly warning for the alarming extreme weather events for the future period in Borkena watershed as well as Awash River basin which require sustainable and effective adaptive measures for future water resource management.
Process optimization for biosynthesis of Pyruvate Decarboxylase (PDC) and Neuberg's ketol (PAC) from a novel Pichia cecembensis through Response surface methodology
Authors: Mushtaq Zareena , Mukhtar Hamid
Published: June 2022

1.1. Purpose Phenyl acetyl carbinol (PAC) is an intermediate for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine etc.) used for the production of antiasthematics and decongestants. An effective and sustainable biosynthesis of PAC through condensation of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde catalyzed by a solvent intolerant Pyruvate Decarboxylase (PDC) is being reported. Therefore, a process for the biosynthesis of PAC was designed and optimized through Response surface methodology (RSM) in present studies.1.2. Methods The effects of incubation time (8-18hrs), temperature (30-38oC), pH (4-10) and inoculum size (4-10%, v/v) on PAC yield, sugar consumption and PDC activity was determined during fermentation using a newly isolated, highly potent yeast strain of Pichia cecembensis. PAC was quantified spectrophotometerically and through HPLC. PDC produced in 5L flask using molasses as substrate, was exposed to 40mM benzaldehyde as whole cells, crude extract and partialy purified preparation to check its stability against the said solvent and determine its half life as residuel activity. 1.3. Results PDC activity and PAC yield during present studies were found to be 56.27 U/ml and 8.44 g/L, respectively. The yield of PAC (2.22 to 8.44g/L) was increased by 71% after process optimization through RSM with incubation time (13hrs), temperature (33°C) and total sugar (18%,v/v) as significant factors (p-values, 0.902, 0.260 and 0.247, respectively). Process design had Adj R2 value of 0.562, R-squared as 0.770 and Adeq Precision as 4.888 with a uniformly distributed standard error. PDC used in the form of Pichia cecembensis whole cells revealed higher stability towards benzaldehyde and elevated temperature as compared to partially purified PDC. Whole cells and partially purified PDC showed half-lives of 240 and 72 hrs at 4oC whereas, 33 and 28.5 hrs at 25oC. PAC was purified though HPLC with a purity level of 76.18%. 1.4. ConclusionIncubation time, temperature and sugar concentration were found to be significant factors for PAC biosynthesis. A newly isolated Pichia cecembensis has produced a highly active, solvent and temperature tolerant PDC which has been found far superior than the yeast strains used presently in industries. Hence, this novel yeast specie is a promising candidate for commercial production of PAC and other related APIs owing to its highly stable PDC in the presence of Benzaldehyde.
Capacity and kinetics of light-induced cytochrome oxidation in intact cells of photosynthetic bacteria
Authors: Kis Mariann , Smart James L. , Maróti Péter
Published: June 2022

Light-induced oxidation of the reaction center dimer and periplasmic cytochromes was detected by fast kinetic difference absorption changes in intact cells of wild type and cytochrome mutants (cycA, cytC4 and pufC) of Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Constant illumination from a laser diode or trains of saturating flashes enabled the kinetic separation of acceptor and donor redox processes, and the electron contribution from the cyt bc1 complex via periplasmic cytochromes. Under continuous excitation, concentrations of oxidized cytochromes increased in three phases where light intensity, electron transfer rate and the number of reduced cytochromes were the rate liming steps, respectively. By choosing suitable flash timing, gradual steps of cytochrome oxidation in whole cells were observed; each successive flash resulted in a smaller, damped oxidation. We attribute this damping to lowered availability of reduced cytochromes resulting from both exchange (unbinding/binding) of the cytochromes and electron transfer at the reaction center interface since a similar effect is observed upon deletion of genes encoding periplasmic cytochromes. In addition, we present a simple model to calculate the damping effect; application of this method may contribute to understanding the function of the diverse range of c-type cytochromes in the electron transport chains of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria.
A database of 5,305 healthy Korean individuals reveals genetic and clinical implications for an East Asian population
Authors: Choi Murim , Lee Jeongeun , Lee Jean , Jeon Sungwon , Lee Jeongha , Jang Insu , Yang Jin , Lee Byungwook , Choi Jinwook , CHOI Byung-Ok , Gee Heon Yung , Oh Jaeseong , Jang In-Jin , Lee Sanghyuk , Baek Daehyun , Koh Youngil , Yoon Sung-Soo , Kim Young-Joon , Chae Jong Hee , Park Woong-Yang , Bhak Jong Hwa
Published: June 2022

Despite substantial advances in disease genetics, studies to date have largely focused on individuals of European descent, limiting further discoveries of novel functional genetic variants in other ethnic groups. To alleviate the paucity of East Asian population genome resource, we established Korean Variant Archive 2 (KOVA 2), composed of 1,896 whole genome sequences and 3,409 whole exome sequences from healthy individuals of Korean ethnicity. This is the largest genome database from the ethnic Korean population to date, surpassing the 1,909 Korean individuals deposited in gnomAD. The variants in KOVA 2 displayed all known genetic features of those from previous genome databases, and we compiled data from Korean-specific runs of homozygosity, positively selected intervals, and structural variants. In doing so, we found loci that are strongly selected in the Koreans relative to other East Asians, such as ADH1A/1B and UHRF1BP1. Our analysis of allele ages revealed a correlation of variant functionality and evolutionary age. The data can be browsed and downloaded from a public website (https://www.kobic.re.kr/kova/). We anticipate KOVA 2 will serve as a valuable resource for genetic studies on East Asian populations.
Product Technology and Industry Technology: Exploring the Reverse Transformations
Authors: Motorin Vladimir
Published: June 2022

One of the main aims of constructing input-output balance models is to assess an impact of exogenous changes in net final demand (certainly at constant prices) on simultaneous behavior of an economy. Nowadays, two approaches to constructing input-output coefficients are widely used in practice, namely, one based on so-called product technology assumption and another based on so-called industry technology assumption. These approaches provide direct transforming supply and use tables (SUT) to symmetric input-output tables (SIOT) in a product-by-product format.Focus of attention in the article is concentrated on analyzing the reverse transformations that link exogenous changes of final demand in SIOT with corresponding changes of the production and intermediate consumption matrices in initial SUT. Material balance equation, classical Leontief equation and product (or commodity) technology model form the system of equations with production and intermediate consumption matrices as unknowns. It is shown that this system has the solution that guarantees the exogenous changes in final demand to be at constant prices.In turn, material balance equation, classical Leontief equation and industry technology model constitute another system of equations (with the same unknowns) that can be also resolved with respect to production matrix and intermediate consumption matrix. However, exogenous varying the final demand in obtained solution leads to quantity changes in the intermediate consumption matrix and to price changes in the production matrix. This type of economy’s response to exogenous changes in final demand seems to be implausible artifact that is out of economic sense. Thus, there are some certain doubts about plausibility of underlying background for an industry technology assumption and a fixed product sales structure assumption that are widely used for transforming SUT to SIOT.JEL Classification: C67; D57
3-D Inversion of Gravity Data of the Central and Eastern Gonghe Basin for Geothermal Exploration
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , zeng zhaofa , Zhou Shuai
Published: June 2022

The Gonghe Basin is one of the most important regions for the exploration and development of hot dry rock geothermal resources in China. However, there are still some controversies about the genetic mechanism of the hot dry rock geothermal system in the Gonghe Basin. Geophysical exploration methods are important means of geothermal resource exploration. Gravity exploration is a kind of geophysical exploration method based on the density difference of natural rock ore bodies. It has the advantages of low cost, high resolution, wide coverage, and large detection depth. It plays an important role in identifying faulted structures and delineating concealed rock ore bodies. Combined with previous research results including three-dimensional magnetotelluric imaging and linear inversion of Rayleigh wave group and phase velocity result, we obtained a high-resolution underground spatial density distribution model of Gonghe Basin based on satellite gravity data by using 3-D gravity focusing inversion method. According to the results, there are widely distributed low-density anomalies relative to surrounding rock in the middle crust of the study area. According to the previous research results, the low density layer is speculated to be a low-velocity, high-conductivity partial melting layer in the crust of the Gonghe Basin. The results of this study for the first time confirm the existence of partial melting layer based on gravity data inversion, and quantitatively explain the underground structure of the Gonghe Basin and the mechanism of geothermal system. This high-temperature melting layer may be the main heat source of the hot dry rock geothermal resources in the Gonghe Basin. Then the heat energy transfer from the hidden faults to the shallow reservoir rocks. The overlying cenozoic sedimentary strata can serve as the caprock for the geothermal system in the Gonghe basin.
The m6A demethylase FTO promotes esophageal cancer progression via the YTHDF1/AKT3 signaling network
Authors: Wei Ran , Zhao Fangfang , Li Zhenyu , Kong Lingsuo , Li Yuanhai , Zang Chunbao
Published: June 2022

Background
As the most abundant modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays vital roles in many biological processes.
Results
Here we applied the methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen the m6A targets in esophageal cancer patients. We found that the m6A demethylase FTO was significantly up regulated in esophageal cancer cell lines and patient tissues. In vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that FTO was involved in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. Moreover, we found that the m6A methyltransferase METTL14 negatively regulates FTO function on esophageal cancer progression. By using transcriptome-wide m6A-seq and RNA-seq assays, we identified that AKT3 is a downstream target of FTO, which acts in concert to regulate the tumorigenesis and metastasis of esophageal cancer.
Conclusions
All these findings revealed insights into the m6A-regulated tumorigenesis in esophageal cancer, which is applicable for designing new therapeutic strategy.
Induced anti-predation defense traits of Daphnia are associated with the gut microbiota composition
Authors: Liu Qi , Akbar Siddiq , Ding Zihao , Zhou Qiming , Gu Lei , Sun Yunfei , Yang Zhou
Published: June 2022

A growing number of studies on gnotobiotic animals have shown that the gut microbiota can promote host health by influencing life history traits. However, it is not clear whether the performance of host defense traits is related to the gut microbiota. In this study, we used Daphnia magna as a model organism to investigate the relationship between D. magna life history anti-predation defense traits and gut microbiota alterations under fish kairomone. Results showed that the Shannon diversity of D. magna gut microbiota under fish kairomone reduced significantly with the developmental stages. By analyzing the correlation between the induced anti-predation defense traits of D. magna and the relative abundance of bacteria, we found that the abundances of Comamonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae were linearly correlated with the partial anti-predation defense traits of D. magna. Furthermore, the functional categories analysis showed that fish kairomone influenced the metabolic repertoire of D. magna gut microbiota. Our results highlighted that predation risk can simultaneously induce anti-predation defense and reshape gut microbiota composition of D. magna, and there was a complex correlation between the induced defensive traits and altered-microbiota. Such results revealed an important role of gut microbiota in the development of defensive traits of Daphnia.
An Intelligent Deep Neural Based Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Mitigated System for Multi User OFDM Channel
Authors: Reddy G. krishna , sheeba G.Merlin
Published: June 2022

An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a large Peak-to-Average Power ratio (PAPR) can cause noise signals and power degradation. To remove the high PAPR in OFDM signals, the proposed Strawberry-based Recurrent Neural Framework (SbRNF) model is proposed. While transmitting the signals in the OFDM channel, the rate of PAPR was high due to more subcarriers. Basically, more subcarriers are needed to convey the OFDM channel's signals. Our proposed model made the reduction of PAPR in the OFDM channel easier. The result of the proposed model (SbRNF) was determined, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Throughput, and Bit Error Rate (BER) were compared with other existing methodologies. Here, the presented model is executed in the MATLAB platform and shows that SbRNF has a low Bit Error Rate (BER), high throughput value, and Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) performance in the presence of high PAPR. While comparing the existing models with SbRNF provides better PAPR reduction in the signal transmission.
Efficiency and strategy of visual search: a study on eye movement and scan path
Authors: Mao Yongchun , Wei Zhonghe , Raju Gunasunderi
Published: June 2022

Search efficiency is related to page design, which can be reflected by search time, and is related to eye movement. Eye-tracking metrics can not only affect the search efficiency, but also reflect the search strategy. In scan path, the line segments between fixations form scanpath angles. Each angle represents the direction of eye movement and the strategy to determine the location of the next fixation. We created SAM (scanpath angle model), divided all angles into four intervals, and calculated their percentages to better understand these angles. Two eye movement experiments were designed. The first is to search for targets in non-distracted and distracted pages, and the second is to search for targets in pages with different layouts. It was found that distraction decreased search efficiency while increasing fixation count, fixation duration, and saccade count. The above three metrics have no significant different when layout changed, but the layout of scan path matched the page layout. The scanpath angle between 0 and 45 degrees is the largest in the distraction and layout groups, and the percentage is quite close.
Characteristics and mechanism of Jiaocheng ground fissure in Taiyuan basin, China
Authors: Meng Zhenjiang , Wang Feiyong , Peng Jianbing , Lu Quanzhong , Qiao Jianwei , Wen Haiguang , Zang Mingdong , Jia Zhijie , Zhao Junyan
Published: June 2022

The Fenwei basin, within 612 ground fissures developed, is the most concentrated and serious area in China and even in the world for the development of ground fissure hazards. The Jiaocheng ground fissure in the Taiyuan basin is known for its length and for inflicting the most damage and having the most impact in China. To discover the origin of the Jiaocheng ground fissure, surveying, trenching, and geophysical exploration were used to investigate its geological basis, developmental characteristics, and genetic process. With a total 46 km length and an 80–120 m impact bandwidth, it is one of the longest ground fissures found in the world. The fissure is on the Jiaocheng fault's hanging wall, and the NE strike is quite consistent with this fault. Houses, roads, fields, and other structures have all been damaged to varying degrees by the fissure. Vertical dislocation, horizontal tension, and right-lateral slide are the most common types. This fissure has synsedimentary features, according to trenching and shallow seismic profiling. The Jiaocheng ground fissure was formed because of the interaction of several forces. Due to regional extension, the Jiaocheng fault shifted, creating a rupture system in the surface strata. The pumping activity contributes to the formation of the current ground fissure. This effort promotes research into fissure mechanics and has implications for disaster prevention and mitigation of ground fissures.
Putative Juvenile Terrorists: The Relationship between Multiple Traumatization, Mental Health, and Expectations for Reintegration among Islamic State Recruited Adolescent and Young Adult Fighters
Authors: Mohammed Rezhna , Neuner Frank
Published: June 2022

Background: in several conflicts worldwide children are recruited as fighters in irregular forces. These children need to be reintegrated into the society after the conflict. However, concurrent to various reservations in the communities, the reintegration of former child soldiers is challenged by the fact that many of the affected children were indoctrinated by the armed group and traumatized through war events. Even several years after the defeat of the terrorist organization ISIS in Iraq, systematic efforts towards the reintegration of children who had been recruited by ISIS are notably absent. Methods: we conducted clinical interviews with a sample of N = 59 adolescents and young adults who were incarcerated for terrorism in the prisons of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) to assess levels and types of trauma exposure, PTSD, depression, readiness to reintegrate and ongoing identification with ISIS. Results: we found high levels of PTSD and depression that were associated with trauma exposure. The subjective readiness to reintegrate into the communities was associated with trauma exposure and was mediated by depression, even after controlling for the influence of ongoing identification with armed group. Conclusion: the study indicates that trauma-related mental ill-health should be considered in efforts to reintegrate young former terrorists.
The Genetic Architecture of Morphological Scaling
Authors: Shingleton Alexander , Wilcox Austin , Vea Isabelle , Frankino Antony
Published: June 2022

Morphological scaling relationships between the sizes of individual traits and the body captures the characteristic shape of a species, and the evolution of scaling is the primary mechanism of morphological diversification. However, we have almost no knowledge of the genetic architecture of scaling, critical if we are to understand how scaling evolves. Here we explore the genetic architecture of population-level morphological scaling relationships – the scaling relationship fit to multiple genetically-distinct individuals in a population – by describing the distribution of individual scaling relationships – genotype-specific scaling relationships that are unseen or cryptic. These individual scaling relationships harbor the genetic variation that determines relative trait growth within individuals, and theory suggests that their distribution dictates how the population scaling relationship will respond to selection. Using variation in nutrition to generate size variation within 197 isogenic lineages of Drosophila melanogaster, we reveal extensive variation in the slopes of the wing-body and leg-body scaling relationships among individual genotypes. This genetic variation reflects variation in the nutritionally-induced size plasticity of the wing, leg and body. Surprisingly, we find that variation in the slope of individual scaling relationships primarily results from variation in nutritionally-induced plasticity of body size, not leg or wing size. These data allow us to predict how different selection regimes alter scaling in Drosophila and is the first step in identifying the genetic targets of such selection. Our approach provides a general framework for understanding the genetic architecture of scaling, an important prerequisite to explaining how selection changes scaling and morphology.
MUC16 promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Modulating RNA- Binding Protein ELAVL1/HUR
Authors: Chaudhary Sanjib , Maurya Shailendra Kumar , Nallasamy Palanisamy , Saravanakumar Marimuthu , Shah Ashu , Atri Pranita , Ramakanth Chirravuri Venkata , Lele Subodh M. , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. , Nasser Mohd W. , Batra Surinder K. , Lakshmanan Imayavaramban
Published: June 2022

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly aggressive with an increased metastatic incidence compared to other breast cancer subtypes. However, due to the absence of clinically reliable biomarkers and targeted therapy in TNBC, chemotherapy still remains the standard of care. Hence, there is an urgent need to understand biological mechanisms that lead to identifying novel therapeutic targets for managing metastatic TNBC disease. Methods: Clinical significance of MUC16 and ELAVL1 were examined using breast cancer TCGA data. Microarray was performed using MUC16 knockdown and scramble breast cancer cells and identified MUC16 associated genes using RNA immunoprecipitation and metastatic cDNA array. Metastastic properties of MUC16 was evaluated in MUC16 knockdown using tail-vein metastastic experiments. Results: Here, we show that MUC16 is highly expressed in TNBC and correlates with its target gene Hu antigen R (HuR) through global transcriptomic analysis. Depletion of MUC16 showed decreased invasion (P=0.03), migration (P=0.001), and colony formation abilities (P=0.01) of human and mouse TNBC cells. MUC16 depleted cells injected mice showed less likely to develop (P=0.001) lung metastasis. Notably, MUC16 and HuR were highly expressed in the lung tropic TNBC cells and breast cancer patients lung metastases tissues. Mechanistically, we identified MYC as a HuR target gene in TNBC using RNA immunoprecipitation and metastatic cDNA array. Furthermore, MUC16 knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of HuR (MS444 & CMLD-2) in TNBC cells showed the reduction in cMYC expression, suggesting the importance of the MUC16/HuR/cMYC axis in TNBC metastasis. Conclusions: Overall, our study identified MUC16 as TNBC lung metastasis promoter that acts through HuR/cMyc axis. In future, this study will form the basis to target both MUC16 and MYC amplified aggressive tumors.
Tool Wear Recognition and Signals Labeling with Small Cross Labeled Samples in Impeller Machining
Authors: Ou Jiayu , Li Hongkun , Wang Zhaodong , Yang Chao , Peng Defeng
Published: June 2022

Data driven deep learning method is the main way to study the condition monitoring of mechanical equipment, in which sufficient labeled signals to train the model parameters is a typical problem. The existing methods to obtain the labeled signals mainly focus on manual marking. For the non-batch impeller processing with variable working conditions, manually marking signals is not the wisest move. To solve this problem, this manuscript puts forward a deep conditional random field neural network (CRFNN) method. This framework fully utilizes the sensitivity of the conditional probability model to adjacent data marker information, and small cross labeled samples are used to predict the labels of unknown signals. At the same time, the variational autoencoder is used to convert the one-dimensional time series signal into three-dimensional image, which solves the problem that the empty tool signals have a great impact on the tool wear condition monitoring in the process of impeller blade machining. Experimental results on a CNC machining center demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method, and outperforms the existing works under industrial small labeled samples.
An analytical model to study the frequency response of ultrasonic welding transducers
Authors: Yazdian Amir , Karafi Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2022

This paper develops an analytical 3D model of ultrasonic welding transducers. The presented model investigates the effects of the workpiece's stiffness and material properties on transducers' frequency response and mode shape. Longitudinal and lateral vibration is taken into account in the model. In order to analyze the forced vibration of the transducer, the effect of piezoelectric and excitation electrical fields are considered. The structural damping is considered as an imaginary Young's modulus. For validation of the model, a transducer, booster, and horn with specific dimensions and physical properties is modeled in ANSYS software. Its resonant frequency is compared with the mathematical model. Then, the system is fabricated for experimental tests. The resonant frequency in the analytical model, simulation, and the experimental test is achieved, 19208 Hz, 19280 Hz, and 19203 Hz, respectively. There is a 0.02% error between the analytical model and the experimental test. The Anti-resonant frequency in the analytical model is 19265 Hz which has a 0.02% error with experiment (19270 Hz). The admittance at a resonant frequency in the analytical model is 0.01755 mS which has a 0.2% error with the experiment (0.0176 mS). The mechanical quality factor of the transducer and its vibration amplitude are calculated by the developed analytical model according to the mechanical properties of components.
Association between immunosuppressants and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune liver diseases
Authors: Li Hu , Wang Yuting , Ao Ling , Ke Mingxia , Chen Zhiwei , Chen Min , Peng Mingli , Ling Ning , Hu Peng , Cai Dachuan , Zhang Dazhi , Ren Hong
Published: June 2022

Background and aims: Little is known regarding the antibody responses of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). We aim to evaluate the antibody responses and explore the impact of immunosuppressants on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in AILD.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study and included participants been healthy as controls and AILD. All adverse events (AEs) were recorded. IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein (anti-RBD-IgG) and Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were tested after the COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells were detected by flow cytometry.Results: 76 patients and 136 healthy controls (HC) were included. All AEs were mild and self-limiting, and the incidences were similar between AILD and HC groups. The seropositivity rates of anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs in AILD were 97.4% (100% in HC, p = 0.13) and 63.2% (84.6% in HC, p < 0.001), respectively. The titers of anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs were significantly lower in AILD compared with HC. After adjusting for confounders, immunosuppressive therapy was an independent risk factor for the low-level anti-RBD-IgG (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-15.2; p = 0.01) and reduced probability of NAbs seropositivity (AOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.0-8.9; p = 0.04) in AILD patients. However, regardless of immunosuppressants, the SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cells responses were comparable between AILD and HC groups.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine is safe, but its immunogenicity is compromised in patients with AILD. Moreover, immunosuppressants are significantly associated with poor antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Grandparenting and life satisfaction among Chinese elderly migrants: Mediating role of loneliness and self-esteem
Authors: Wang Hao , Yang Man , Fang Xiaoya , Hou Yanjie , Zhang Lin , Yao Jun
Published: June 2022

Background: Grandparenting is a common form of childcare in China. In recent years, the impact of grandparenting on life satisfaction has been widely studied. But we know little about the psychological mechanisms that link them. In addition, few studies have paid attention to elderly migrants who face the dual challenges of aging and migration. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between grandparenting and life satisfaction among Chinese elderly migrants, and try to explore the mediating role of loneliness and self-esteem.Methods: All 723 participants were recruited in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Firstly, we described the demographic characteristics of the participants. Secondly, we used Spearman’s correlation analysis to examine whether there were correlations between grandparenting, loneliness, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Finally, we used the PROCESS Model 6 to complete the mediation analysis.Results: Elderly migrants had a high level of life satisfaction (26.70 ± 5.47). The proportion of grandparenting was 80.4. Grandparenting was positively associated with life satisfaction among elderly migrants (r = 0.223, p < 0.001). The total effect of grandparenting on life satisfaction was 2.965 (p < 0.001). Loneliness and self-esteem mediated the relationship between grandparenting and life satisfaction. The total indirect effect was 1.414 (95%CI: 0.849, 2.014) and the ratio to the total effect was 47.7% (1.414/2.965). The mediating effect contained three paths: Loneliness (B= 0.287; 95%CI: 0.072, 0.563; Ratio= 9.7%); Self-esteem (B= 0.957; 95%CI: 0.516, 0.1.404; Ratio= 32.3%); and Loneliness → Self-esteem (B= 0.170; 95%CI: 0.040, 0.331; Ratio= 5.7%).Conclusion: Grandparenting is a common phenomenon among Chinese elderly migrants, and it is a positive predictor of life satisfaction. Loneliness and self-esteem mediate the relationship between grandparenting and life satisfaction.
Insilico screening of phytoconstituents derived from Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers as potential α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors for treatment of type2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: SINGH GURPREET
Published: June 2022

Because of their biological properties, phytochemicals have been an essential component of nutraceutical treatment for diabetes mellitus. To establish a new technique for controlling carbohydrate metabolism and hyperglycaemia, natural phytochemicals produced from Tinospora cordifolia were tested for their anti-inhibitory effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The inhibitory activity of more than 40 compounds against α -amylase and α -glucosidase was assessed using molecular docking and virtual screening approaches in this work. It was observed that Isocolumbin, Cordifoliside B, β-sitosterol, Ecdysone, Palmitoside E, Colmbin and cordiofoliside C showed a strong binding affinity for both the enzymes as compared to the clinically used metformin and Acarbose. Further these biologically active compounds are predicted to be non-toxic and noncarcinogenic. The compounds' efficacy as prospective therapeutic candidates can be due to their great affinity for the enzymes' catalytic region, which can cause a conformation change and results a reduction in enzyme activity. The findings of this study might possibly indicate to a way for creating a new class of drugs.
Study on Multispecies Solute Transport through Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Gupta Kumar Rishabh , Sharma Pramod Kumar
Published: June 2022

The present study focuses on multispecies transport through heterogeneous porous media. An increasing exponential time-dependent dispersion is used to describe the heterogeneity of porous media. A numerical approach to the decomposition method for the study of multispecies solute transport through heterogeneous porous media has been proposed. Governing equations of multispecies solute transport have been solved numerically using the implicit finite difference technique. The effect of time-dependent dispersion has been analyzed using the exponential time-dependent dispersivity function and the same has been validated with the analytical solution. The study illustrates the solute movement involving sequential first-order decay reactions and the analysis has been carried out in three species nitrification chain and migration of radionuclides as four species. The model is used to simulate the breakthrough curves and the analysis has been done using different decay rate constants. Also, this study has been carried out on the behavior of solute concentration using an increasing macro-dispersivity function which accounts for the spatial heterogeneity of porous media. Further, spatial moment analysis has been performed on the concentration of all species and a comparison has been drawn using constant and exponential time-dependent dispersivity functions using various breakthrough curves. This analysis revealed that the mean travel distance and variance are sensitive to the change in the dispersivity function and its transformed species may not have the same transport pattern.
Geospatial temporal assessment and monitoring of land area carbon: Evidence from Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: AJAYI Ezekiel , BAMIDELE Bolanle Lizzy
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to monitor some area carbon in Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba (AAUA) Campus to encourage tree planting alongside her edifice and discourage high rate of deforestation. This study relies solely on the use of remote sensing data to estimate carbon sequestration between year 2014 and 2020. The objective of this study is to estimate the carbon sequestration capacity in the study area using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) with a view to enkindling the importance of trees or forest within the University campus. Consequently, Landsat 8 TM Satellite images of year 2014 and 2020 of the study area were obtained from United States Geological Survey (USGS). The spectral vegetation index (normalised difference vegetation index) was estimate using spectral bands 4 and 5. Ten areas were chosen for this study and their coordinates obtained using GPS receiver when visited. These areas were not developed in 2014 and not fully developed as at year 2020. Through normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) spread using Water scaler, Evapotranspiration, Potential evapotranspiration (PET), Absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and Fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (FAPAR). The biomass carbon values were generated and the mean biomass carbon values were obtained. It was observed that 2014 had a mean biomass of 7.83 kg/m3 while the figure was 2.47 kg/m3 for 2020. The biomass carbon values per hectare were obtained as 87.00 kg/m3/ ha and 27.40 kg/m3/ ha for 2014 and 2020, respectively. Total biomass carbon of 69, 951.62 kg/m3 and 22, 031.93 kg/m3 were sequestered in 2014 and 2020, respectively for the entire study area. Results of biomass carbon for the designated locations and year using t-test were significantly different at P > 0.05. Therefore, carbon sequestration in the year 2014 was higher and better than those obtained in the year 2020 and this reduction could be attributed to forest degradation or loss of vegetation in the study locations. For environmental and carbon friendly atmosphere, green plants are encouraged to be included within urban development plan in the university campuses.
Transcritical bifurcation and flip bifurcation of a new discrete ratio-dependent predator-prey system
Authors: Li Xianyi , Liu Yuqing
Published: June 2022

After a discrete two-species predator-prey system with ratio-dependent functional response is topologically and equivalently reduced, some new dynamical properties for the new discrete system are formulated. The one is for the existence and local stability for all equilibria of this new system. Although the corresponding results for the equilibrium E3 have been presented in a known literature, our results are more complete. The other is, what’s more important and difficult, to derive some sufficient conditions for the transcritical bifurcation and period-doubling bifurcation of this system at the equilibria E1, E2 and E3 to occur, which are completely new. Numerical simulations are performed to not only illustrate the theoretical results obtained but also find new dynamics – chaos occuring. Our results sufficiently display that this system is very sensitive to its parameters. Namely, the perturbations of different parameters in this system will produce different bifurcations.MR(2000) Subject Classification: 39A28, 39A30.
Optimization of Thin-Film Carbon Nitride (C2N) based solar cell via Zn1−xMgxO as a buffer layer
Authors: Ahmad Waqas , Farooq Waqas , Khan Adnan Daud , Alanazi Abdulaziz , Adnan Kashif
Published: June 2022

Carbon nitride (C2N) based solar cell is getting cynosure in the photovoltaic research community due to their tremendous advantages over other thin-film solar cells such as environmentally friendly material nature and low fabrication cost. In this paper, we theoretically analyzed Zinc Magnesium oxide (Zn1 − xMgxO) as a buffer layer coupled with C2N as an absorber layer to form a p-n junction by using SCAPS- 1D simulation tool. ZMO as an electron transport layer (ETL) utilized with four Mg (x) doped with the concentrations of x = 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, and 0.25. After optimizing different layers for the proposed structure, it has been noticed that increasing the thickness of the C2N layer results in the enhancement of efficiency rate. Further, it was observed that the doping density of C2N beyond 1015 cm− 3 degrade the performance of the cell. In addition to this, the optimization of the buffer layer is performed and the optimum performance parameters were achieved at 30 nm. The theoretically modelled structure shows a great enhancement in Open circuit voltage (Voc), Short circuit density (Jsc), Fill factor (FF), and Power conversion efficiency (PCE) with regards to the presented approach. The structure is compared with different kind of other solar cells and obtained parameters shows the higher values of Voc of 1.225 V, Jsc of 18.2572 mA/cm2, FF of 84.96%, and PCE of 19.01%. The recorded results are in good agreement with the standard theoretical studies.
Existence Results of a Singular Non-linear Fractional Differential Equations Class with Nonlocal Double Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Yan Debao
Published: June 2022

This article presents the existence outcomes concerning a family of singular nonlinear differential equations containing Caputo’s fractional derivatives with nonlocal double integral boundary conditions. According to the nature of Caputo’s fractional calculus, the problem is converted into an equivalent integral equation, while two standard fixed theorems are employed to prove its uniqueness and existence results. An example is presented at the end of this paper to illustrate our obtained results.