bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the clinical performance of two commercially available SARS- CoV-2 antibody assays among Japanese healthcare workers (2020–2022)
Authors: Yan Yan , Saito Kaori , Naito Toshio , Ito Kanami , Horiuchi Yuki , Deshpande Gautam A. , Yokokawa Hirohide , Tabe Yoko
Published: June 2023

Antibody tests are used as surveillance tools for informing health policy making. However, results may vary by type of antibody assay and timing of sample collection following infection. Long-term longitudinal cohort studies on antibody assay seropositivity have remained limited, especially among Asian populations. Using blood samples obtained at health physicals (2020–2022) of healthcare workers (mass vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines) at a Japanese medical center, we measured N-specific antibodies using two commercially available systems. Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 measures total antibodies and Abbott AlinityⓇ SARS-CoV-2 IgG measures only IgG. Among 2,538 participants, 16.6% tested positive via total antibody assay versus 12.9% by IgG-only (including grayzone) by mid-June 2022. For 219 cases with a previous PCR-confirmed infection, positivity was 97.3% using total antibody assay versus 76.3% using IgG-only assay. During the first 16 weeks after infection, both assays demonstrated high positivity. However, while positivity of the total antibody assay was retained for the entire study period (until week 113 post-infection), IgG-only assay positivity declined after week 16. Our study found significant differences in the performance of total antibody versus IgG-only assays, suggesting an optimal assay for retaining sensitivity over the entire infection period when designing seroprevalence studies.
Application of machine learning in measurement of ageing and geriatric diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Das Ayushi , Dhillon Preeti
Published: June 2023

Background
As the ageing population continues to grow in many countries, the prevalence of geriatric diseases is on the rise. In response, healthcare providers are exploring novel methods to enhance the quality of life for the elderly. Over the last decade, there has been a remarkable surge in the use of machine learning in geriatric diseases and care. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of these conditions. Hence, our study aims to find out the present state of research in geriatrics and application of machine learning methods in this area.
Methods
This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and focused on healthy ageing in individuals aged 45 and above, with a specific emphasis on the diseases that commonly occur during this process. Peer-reviewed articles were searched in the PubMed database with a focus on ML methods and the older population.
Results
A total of 59 papers were selected from the 81 identified papers after going through title screening, abstract screening and reference search. Limited research is available on predicting biological or brain age using deep learning and different supervised ML methods. The neurodegenerative disorders were found to be the most researched disease, in which Alzheimer’s disease was focused the most. Among NCDs, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases were the included and other rare diseases like oral health related diseases and bone diseases were also explored in some papers. In terms of application of ML, risk prediction was most common approach. More than half of the studies have used supervised machine learning algorithm, among which logistic regression, random forest, XG Boost were frequently used methods. These ML methods were applied on variety of datasets including population-based data, hospital records and social media.
Conclusion
The review identified a wide range of studies that employed ML algorithms to analyse various diseases and datasets. While the application of ML in geriatrics and care has been well-explored, there is still room for future development, particularly in validating models across diverse populations and utilizing personalized digital datasets for customized patient-centric care in older populations.
The debranching enzyme Dbr1 regulates lariat turnover and intron splicing
Authors: Buerer Luke , Clark Nathaniel , Welch Anastasia , Duan Chaorui , Taggart Allison , Townley Brittany , Wang Jing , Soemedi Rachel , Rong Stephen , Lin Chien-Ling , Zeng Yi , Katolik Adam , Staley Jonathan , Damha Masad , Mosammaparast Nima , Fairbrother William
Published: June 2023

The majority of genic transcription is intronic. Introns are removed by splicing as branched lariat RNAs which require rapid recycling. The branch site is recognized during splicing catalysis and later debranched by Dbr1 in the rate-limiting step of lariat turnover. Through generation of the first viable DBR1 knockout cell line, we find the predominantly nuclear Dbr1 enzyme to encode the sole debranching activity in human cells. Dbr1 preferentially debranches substrates that contain canonical U2 binding motifs, suggesting that branchsites discovered through sequencing do not necessarily represent those favored by the spliceosome. We find that Dbr1 also exhibits specificity for particular 5’ splice site sequences. We identify Dbr1 interactors through co-immunoprecipitation mass spectroscopy. We present a mechanistic model for Dbr1 recruitment to the branchpoint through the intron-binding protein AQR. In addition to a 20-fold increase in lariats, Dbr1 depletion increases exon skipping. Using ADAR fusions to timestamp lariats, we demonstrate a defect in spliceosome recycling. In the absence of Dbr1, spliceosomal components remain associated with the lariat for a longer period of time. As splicing is co-transcriptional, slower recycling increases the likelihood that downstream exons will be available for exon skipping.
Early change of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load and the viral lytic genome expression could positively predict clinical outcome in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving anti–programmed cell death 1 monotherapy
Authors: Lin Shaoyan , Zhou Huaqiang , Chen Gang , Xue Jinhui , Liu Qianwen , Li Jianing , Yang Yanhua , Zhao Yuanyuan , Huang Yan , Ma Yuxiang , Zhao Hongyun
Published: June 2023

Purpose Patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) have proven benefit from anti–programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) monotherapy. Here, we retrospectively analyze the association of plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load and tumor viral lytic genome with clinical outcome from 2 registered phase I trials. Methods Patients with RM-NPC from Checkmate 077 (nivolumab phase I trial in China) and Camrelizumab phase I trial between March 2016 and January 2018 were enrolled. Baseline EBV DNA titers were tested in 68 patients and EBV assessment was performed in 60 patients who had at least 3 post-baseline timepoints of EBV data and at least 1 post-baseline timepoint of radiographic assessment. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 60 patients with available tumor samples. Results We found that the baseline EBV DNA load was positively correlated with tumor size (spearman p < 0.001). Both partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) patients had significantly lower EBV load than progression disease (PD) patients. EBV assessment was highly consistent with radiographic evaluation. Patients with EBV response had significantly improved overall survival (OS) than patients with EBV progression (log-rank p = 0.004, HR = 0.361, median 24.7 vs 13.0 months). The median time to initial EBV response and progression were 25 and 36 days prior to initial radiographic response and progression, respectively. Patients with high expression of EBV lytic genomes at baseline, including BKRF2, BKRF3 and BKRF4, had better progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. Conclusion In summary, early clearance of plasma EBV DNA load and high expression of lytic EBV genes were associated with better clinical outcome in patients with RM-NPC receiving anti-PD-1 monotherapy.
Effects of sodium hypochlorite with different concentration on endodontic postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Yihua , Liu Yiwen , Du Yu , Gong Qimei , Liang Yijun , Jiang Hongwei
Published: June 2023

Backgrounds: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been the most widely used chemical auxiliary substance in endodontics owing to its effective antimicrobial action and excellent tissue-dissolving properties. To date, the ideal concentration of NaOCl has not been established, since potential complications are still controversial. NaOCl is routinely used in endodontics, the aim of the present study is to answer the following question: Does the concentration of NaOCl have effects on postoperative pain in endodontic treatment of permanent teeth? Methods Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, were searched for randomized controlled trials published from their start dates to March 2021 using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Only randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of NaOCl with different concentrations on endodontic postoperative pain during chemomechanical preparation of permanent teeth with endodontic infection were included. Two reviewers respectively assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the quality using the risk of bias tool. Results From 1638 studies that resulted from the initial search, 22 articles were included for full-text appraisal; five articles met the inclusion criteria for quantitative synthesis. A single meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of NaOCl with different concentrations on endodontic postoperative pain in endodontic treatment of permanent teeth. The forest plot of endodontic postoperative pain indicated that there was no difference in incidence of endodontic postoperative pain between low concentration and high concentration of NaOCl (odd ratio [OR]: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–1.74; P = 0.34). Conclusions This review has been the first analysis to compare the incidence of endodontic postoperative pain after irrigation of NaOCl between low concentration group and high concentration group of permanent teeth so far. Based on the present limited evidence, the study suggested that there was no difference in incidence of endodontic postoperative pain between low concentration and high concentration of NaOCl in permanent teeth with endodontic infection. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021241829).
Chronic Hepatitis C and comorbidities: real-world study to evaluate impact in outcomes after treatment with sofosbuvir-based regimens
Authors: Serejo Fátima , Marinho Rui Tato , Santos Lurdes , Serrão Rosário , Sarmento António , Tavares Ana Paula , Horta Ana , Castro Rui Sarmento e , Manata Maria José , Lino Sara , Maltez Fernando , Ferreira José , Moreira Teresa , Pedroto Isabel , Valente Cristina , Cruz Gonçalo , Cunha Saraiva , Calinas Filipe , Andrade Ana P , Liberal Rodrigo , Macedo Guilherme , Vicente Vera , Veloso Luís , Velosa José
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims:
Risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality is not eliminated in cirrhotic patients following direct-acting antiviral treatment. This study aimed to assess virologic and clinical outcomes among chronic hepatitis C patients who received sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens.
Methods:
Non-interventional, multicenter,retrospective, single-cohort study of 1,724 patients who started treatment with (SOF)-based regimens between February 2015 and August 2016. SVR12, liver fibrosis, mortality and progression disease risks scores were evaluated.
Results:
Patients median age was 51.9 years and 71.7% were male. Most patients (67.2%) were genotype (GT) 1. Cirrhosis was found in 35.5% of patients being 94.8% compensated. Ledipasvir/SOF was the most common regimen (76.1%) and 20.2% of patients received ribavirin (RBV).SVR12 was 97.7%, higher among females (99.0%; p=0.0298) and patients withoutRBV (98.8%; p=0.0002). SVR12 were approximately 97% among patients with and without extra-hepatic comorbidities (EHC) and in cirrhotic patients. At 24 weeks after treatment cessation, liver fibrosis stage improvement was observed in 45.2% of patients and was higher in SVR12 patients without EHC than with EHC (53.8% vs 37.9%, p=0.0227). At baseline, the 2.5 years median mortality risk was lower among patients without EHC than with EHC (1.6% vs 1.8%; p=0.0043). Same trend was found regarding 5 and 7.5-year risk at baseline and at 12 weeks follow up.
Discussion/Conclusion:
SOF-based regimens showed high SVR rates in all genotypes, being higher among females and those not receiving RBV. Nearly half of patients improved liver fibrosis stage over time. Presence of EHC may lead to poorer prognosis in terms of liver fibrosis, morbidity and all-cause mortality risk.
Correlation between Predicted Lean Mass and Abdominal Aortic Calcification in US Adults
Authors: Lai Qian-cheng , Wang Xiaowen , Zhang Cheng , Wu QingChen , Ye Liu , Shao Yue
Published: June 2023

Background
The association between different body compositions and artery calcification has been proven in several studies. Evidence is still limited concerning abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and predicted lean mass. This finding examined the relationship between predicted lean mass and abdominal aortic calcification in the United States (US) adults based on 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Methods
Herein, 3077 respondents were selected from NHANES. Outcome variables were AAC score and severe AAC. We applied survey-weighted multiple regression analysis to examine the correlation between predicted lean mass and AAC. The restricted cubic spline was carried out to depict the linear correlation between predicted lean mass and AAC. Furthermore, we used stratification analysis to find if the correlation of predicted lean mass with severe AAC was sustained across various subclasses.
Results
Compared to other groups, participants in the first quintile presented higher AAC scores and a higher incidence of severe AAC. The weighted multivariable regression analysis indicated that predicted lean mass showed independent and significant inverse relationships to AAC score and severe AAC (all P < 0.05). Restricted cubic splines observed that the correlation between predicted lean mass and AAC score, AAC severe were linear (P for non-linearity > 0.05). Relationship between predicted lean mass and severe AAC was still significant in most subclasses.
Conclusions
Predicted lean mass was adversely and remarkably correlated with AAC in US adults.
AIM2 and FCGR1A, two potential diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing infection statuses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Xu Yuehong , Li Xiaoying , Pu Liao , Niu Changchun
Published: June 2023

Background
Our study aims to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing different infection statuses of M. tuberculosis.
Methods
Differential genes (DEGs) of different infection statuses of M. tuberculosis from the GEO datasets were analyzed using GEO2R. The interactions between the proteins encoded by the DEGs were analyzed using STRING; the protein-protein interaction network was visualized using Cytoscape. The validation was performed by real-time PCR and ELISA, and ROC analysis of DEGs was performed using R package pROC.
Results
80 DEGs were identified from the GSE19439, GSE83456, and GSE19444 datasets for ATB and healthy controls (HC). 14 DEGs with the largest values of betweenness were screened using Cytoscape. 55 DEGs for distinguishing active and latent TB were screened in the datasets GSE39941 and GSE19439, and 8 DEGs with the highest values of betweenness were screened using Cytoscape. Furthermore, the study also revealed increased expression levels of genes AIM2 and FCGR1A in HC, LTBI, and ATB. The expression levels of genes FCGR1A and AIM2 in ATB and HC were validated using real-time PCR, and the levels of serum FCGR1A protein in ATB and HC were validated using ELISA.
Conclusion
AIM2 and FCGR1A in HC, LTBI, and ATB showed an increasing trend and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing different infection statuses of M. tuberculosis.
Long-term changes in physical fitness components determining motor performance of young people studying physiotherapy in 2001-2020
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Siedlaczek Marcin , Piekorz Zuzanna
Published: June 2023

Introduction. The aim of the study is to assess changes in basic somatic features and motor components of physical fitness of physiotherapy students in the years 2001–2020. Hypotheses were made about the lack of a secular trend in body height and weight, the deterioration of motor efficiency and the lack of conditioning of the examined changes by social factors. Materials and methods. Every year, students of physiotherapy at Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) were examined in terms of height, weight, chest circumference, balance, speed, power, agility and endurance. Results were obtained from 1161 female students and 464 male students. Results. There was weight gain in the group of women (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.00314), deterioration of speed (for women R2 = 0.579, p = 0.001; for men R2 = 0.301, p = 0.0185) and deterioration of power (for women R2 = 0.51, p = 0.001, p = 0.001; for men R2 = 0.0432, p = 0.00303). The stability of the remaining features was also found, as well as the lack of their conditioning by social factors. Predictors of maintaining motor fitness were identified, i.e. male gender, fitness exam qualifying for studies and chest circumference. Conclusions. The creation of conditions and requirements encouraging greater care for the appropriate level of motor fitness of people undertaking physiotherapy studies seems justified. This observation may apply to other academia providing training for the profession of physiotherapist.
Temporal Convulutional Network & Content-based Frame Sampling Fusion for Semantically Enriched Video Summarization
Authors: Sumanth¹ S. , Durga² T. Charan , Sai³ Ch. Yashwanth , Manne Suneetha
Published: June 2023

Due to the exponential growth of video data, which makes it difficult to handle massive volumes of video content, video summarizing techniques have drawn a lot of interest recently. Although there are numerous video summary techniques, summarizing lengthy videos is still difficult since it takes a long time to process hundreds of frames. The Distributed Temporal Convolutional Networks method, which takes into account the shot length distribution's properties to effectively summarize lengthy films, is proposed in this paper as a novel solution to tackle this difficulty. By completely using the temporal coherence of lengthy films, the Content-Based Frame Sampling [3] technique is additionally suggested to improve the system's throughput. The fusion approach has a significant implication for improving video summarization techniques and enabling efficient video processing, paving the way for new applications in areas such as video surveillance, entertainment, and education. All authors contributed to the writing and revision of the manuscript.
Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: León-Figueroa Darwin A. , Barboza Joshuan J. , Siddiq Abdelmonem , Sah Ranjit , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Adhikari Suraj , Aguirre-Milachay Edwin , Sah Sanjit , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: June 2023

Background
Computer vision syndrome (CVS) has become a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of CVS during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 22, 2023, using the search terms "Computer Vision Syndrome" and "COVID-19". Three authors independently performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used to evaluate study quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2, and the R version 4.2.3 program was used for statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 192 studies were retrieved, of which 18 were included in the final meta-analysis. The total sample included 10337 participants from 12 countries. The combined prevalence of CVS was 74% (95% CI: 66, 81). Subgroup analysis based on country revealed a higher prevalence of CVS in Pakistan (99%, 95% CI: 97, 100) and a lower prevalence in Turkey (48%, 95% CI: 44, 52). In addition, subgroup analysis based on study subjects showed a prevalence of 82% (95% CI: 74, 89) for CVS in non-students and 70% (95% CI: 60, 80) among students.
Conclusion
According to the study, 74% of the participants experienced CVS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this finding, it is essential to implement preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce the risk of developing CVS and improve the quality of life of those affected.
Trial registration
The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international registry of systematic reviews, PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42022345965.
Effects of probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic supplementation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Pascual-Guevara Milagros , Hilario-Gomez Maryori M. , Salazar-Alarcón Jorge L. , León-Figueroa Darwin A. , Caballero-Alvarado Jose A. , Barboza Joshuan J.
Published: June 2023

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGYB) is a type of bariatric surgery that, despite its benefits, is associated with multiple gastrointestinal and nutritional complications, so using the microbiota as a therapeutic target can enhance its benefits and reduce the risk of complications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic supplements in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric Roux-en-Y surgery. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid-Medline, Cochrane library and Embase databases through January 2022. The search strategy identified 766 articles, of which, after selection process, four randomized clinical trial (RCTs) studies were included. Twelve percent of patients were men, and the mean age ranged between 32.0 and 48.6 years. Three trials included probiotic supplementation, one included two types of interventions (prebiotic and symbiotic supplementation). Three were conducted in Brazil, one in United States. Regarding the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), with very low certainty, in two RCTs that including 144 participants, probiotic supplementation did not reduce significantly %EWL compared to placebo ([MD]: -2.38; 95% CI: -6.11, 1.35; I2 = 0%). Probiotic supplementation reduced discomfort measured by Gastric Symptom Rating Scale ([MD]: -0.50; 95% CI: -0.63, -0.37), reduce triglycerides blood levels ([MD]: -0.21.8 mg/dl; 95% CI: -24.1, -19.5) and increase B12 vitamin ([MD]: 18.2 pmol/L; 95% CI: 14.2, 22.2) compared to placebo.
Impact of Junction Temperature on High-Frequency Performance of Double avalanche Region IMPATT Oscillator
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sangeeta Jana , Ghivela Girish Chandra
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the impact of junction temperature on the high-frequency performance of a DAR (Double Avalanche Region) IMPATT oscillator, operating at several frequency bands. By using a simulation technique created by the authors, the temperature dependency of static (DC) and high frequency properties are observed. The large-signal admittance features reveal the existence of distinct, widely spaced negative conductance bands, which can result in a broad tuning capability. The linear and non-linear changes of high frequency parameters have been examined as a function of temperature. These will be extremely helpful for the optimum thermal design of ATT (Avalanche transit time) devices.
Skin mucosal immune-parameters and expression of the immune-relevant genes in Danio rerio treated by white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Ezatrahimi Narmin , Soltanian Siyavash , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein
Published: June 2023

This study evaluates using different levels of the white button mushroom powder (WBMP) on some mucosal innate immune parameters (lysozyme, protease, esterase, alkaline phosphatase activities, and total immunoglobulin levels), and the relative expression of some principal immune-relevant genes (lysozyme, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the zebra danio intestine. Zebrafish specimens (1.75 ± 0.25 g) were divided into experimental units based on the additives to a diet including 5, 10, and 20 g of WBMP per kg of food weight, alone or in conjunction with the antibiotic (10 mg/kg BW), and the AGRIMOS (1 g/kg food weight). Following the 11-day experimental duration, the skin mucus and intestine were sampled. To assess the immune gene expression, the real-time PCR detection system was conducted according to the ΔΔCt method using the IQ5 software (Bio-RAD). Results showed that all groups had a significant increase in terms of mucosal lysozyme activity compared to the control group. Examination of total immunoglobulin, protease, esterase, and ALP activity in fish under experimental treatment showed that there was no significant difference between the trial groups and the control groups. The most expression of the lysozyme gene was related to the group that was separately taken the lower concentration (5 g per kg of FW) of WBMP. In conclusion, the amount of 1% mushroom powder in the diet can improve its immune function. Our recommendation is that given the positive effects that mushroom powder added on the diet alone, avoid taking antibiotics for this purpose.
Our Moon experiences COVID-19 global lockdown effect !
Authors: PRASAD K DURGA , AMBILY G
Published: June 2023

Systematic investigation of lunar night-time temperatures can possibly be thought as a stable platform to study Earth’s radiation budget and climate change as advocated earlier by several researchers. In this study, we report an interesting observation possibly of changing Earth’s climate as experienced by the Moon, utilising a rare and novel context of COVID-19 global lockdown. Lunar night-time surface temperatures of six different sites on the Moon’s nearside were analysed during the period 2017-2020. Results showed an anomalous dip in the lunar night time surface temperatures for all the sites during April-May 2020, the COVID-19 global lockdown period, when compared to the values of the same period in the past. Since the terrestrial radiation has also showed a significant reduction during that time, the anomalous decrease observed in lunar surface temperatures is attributed to the COVID 19 global lockdown. Therefore, the study shows that the Moon has possibly experienced the effect of COVID 19 lockdown visualised as an anomalous decrease in lunar night-time surface temperatures during that period. These results can be substantiated further from Moon-based observatories in future, thereby making them potential tools for observing Earth’s environmental and climate changes.
Influences of occupational exposure on cognitive functions, job stress, and burnout levels: A cross-sectional study among Iranian firefighters
Authors: mehrifar Younes , Nikooyan Faezeh , Samimi Kazem , Pirami Hamideh
Published: June 2023

Background
Firefighters are exposed to job stress and burnout in the workplace, which can impair their cognitive functions.
Methods
This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in three Iranian fire stations. Sixty-one participants were studied, including 34 firefighters in the exposure group and 27 office workers in the control group. Job stress and burnout levels were measured using standardized job stress and burnout questionnaires, and cognitive functions were assessed using two computerized tests Stroop and continuous performance.
Results
The mean age and work experience of firefighters were 33.29 ± 9.44 and 10.42 ± 3.51 years, respectively. The firefighters’ job stress and burnout levels were, on average, 163.12 ± 9.18 and 88.89 ± 4.28, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the Pearson correlation test revealed a strong correlation (r = 0.719) between job stress and burnout. Pearson correlation coefficient (r= -0.512-0.757), yielded from psychological tests, demonstrated that firefighters’ job stress and burnout had moderate to strong associations with certain indicators of Stroop and continuous performance tests.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that firefighters experience high levels of job stress and burnout. In light of the significant associations between certain indicators of Stroop and continuous performance tests and job stress and burnout levels, it is possible to conclude that job stress and burnout reduce the cognitive functions of firefighters. However, further research is recommended in this field.
Integrating Transcriptome and Metabolome to Explore the Growth-Promoting Mechanisms of GABA in Blueberry Plantlets
Authors: Liu Mingfeng , Bai Mingyue , Yue Jiajia , Fei Xiaoke , Xia Xiuying
Published: June 2023

Background
Tissue culture technology is the main method for the commercial propagation of blueberry plants, but blueberry plantlets grow slowly and have long growth cycles under in vitro propagation, resulting in low propagation efficiency. In addition, the long culturing time can also result in reduced nutrient content in the culture medium, and the accumulation of toxic and harmful substances that can lead to weak growth for the plantlets or browning and vitrification, which ultimately can seriously reduce the quality of the plantlets. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that can improve plant resistance to various stresses and promote plant growth, but the effects of its application and mechanism in tissue culture are still unclear.
Results
In this study, the effects of GABA on the growth of in vitro blueberry plantlets were analyzed following the treatment of the plantlets with GABA. In addition, the GABA-treated plantlets were also subjected to a comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. The exogenous application of GABA significantly promoted growth and improved the quality of the blueberry plantlets. In total, 2,626 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 377 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected by comparison of the control and GABA-treated plantlets. Most of the DEGs and DAMs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
Conclusions
The comprehensive analysis results indicated that GABA may promote the growth of blueberry plantlets by promoting carbon metabolism and nitrogen assimilation, as well as increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids and terpenes.
Clinical implementation PI-RADS v2.1: Detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in PI-RADS 4 and 5 categories–The Real-life data
Authors: Tirtashi Reza Habibi , Tamaskani Narges , Salamat Fatemeh , Ghazimoghaddam Behrouz , Niakan Babak , Nematollahi Nematollah , Gharib Mohammad Hadi
Published: June 2023

Background
Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) diagnosis and risk assessment have been improved after utilizing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI). To access the global standardization in mp-MRI acquisition and interpretation, Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) was developed and showed good overall performance in the detection of csPCa, particularly among higher categories. This study aimed to identify the csPCa detection rate (DR) among PI-RADS 4 and 5 categories.
Methods
The study population includes 76 (109 lesions) biopsy naïve patients with PI-RADS scores of 4 and 5 in prebiopsy mp-MRI who underwent systematic biopsy combined with cognitive targeted biopsy (cog-MRGB) between March 2020 and September 2022. Baseline characteristics and pathological findings were compared based on csPCa and PI-RADS scores. In addition, prostate cancer (PCa) and csPCa DRs were determined overall and according to the PI-RADS categories and the prostate zones.
Results
Among the study population, 35 men (46.10%) (51 lesions) and 41 men (53.90%) (58 lesions) belonged to PI-RADS scores of 4 and 5, respectively. The age of participants was 68.74 years in mean (with a standard deviation [SD] 8.83). Moreover, the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 9.47 ng/ml in the median (interquartile range [IQR] 6.20-19.79), along with the median prostate volume of 45.50 (IQR 35.00–76.00) ml. Individuals suffering from csPCa had statistically significant higher levels of PSA, PI-RADS categories, and lesions located on the prostate peripheral zone (PZ), as well as larger lesions and smaller prostate. The overall PCa and csPCa DRs were 57.90% (44 patients) and 44.70% (34 patients). Furthermore, csPCa DR stratified by PI-RADS scores and prostate zones was 68.30% in PI-RADS 5, 17.10% in PI-RADS 4, 54.90% in the PZ, and 34.30% in the prostate transition zone (TZ).
Conclusions
Our real-life data from a Middle Eastern developing country showed that the clinical implementation of PI-RADS v2.1 in combination with cog-MRGB yielded an acceptable overall PCa and csPCa DR, particularly among PI-RADS scores of 5. However, the results provided notable limitations on the PI-RADS score of 4 and TZ.
Simulated Nursing Grand Rounds in The Clinical Education of Postgraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Khoshbakht-Pishkhani Maryam , Javadi-Pashaki Nazila , Noveiry Marzieh Jahani- Sayad , Asgari Fariba
Published: June 2023

Introduction: As a novel teaching technique, educational simulations can expand students’ knowledge, skills, and performance. This study was carried out to design, implement, and evaluate simulated nursing grand rounds in promoting the learning of clinical nursing care in postgraduate nursing students at Guilan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, all postgraduate nursing students of Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rasht, in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022, were invited to take their clinical credits. Each training credit was held in six days by attending nursing grand rounds in the clinical setting with the relevant professor and peers and participating in the simulated grand rounds at the skill lab. The data collection tool consisted of a two-section questionnaire, with the first part containing a demographic profile and a questionnaire about satisfaction with the simulated grand round (STROEHLEIN & SPENCER,2020)
Results: Twelve second-semester postgraduate nursing students participated in this study. The mean age of the participants in this study was 25.58 ± 2.67, and the field of most of them was internal surgery (67.7%). The wards where the training course was held included cardiac 58.3% and ICU 41.7%. Evaluating students’ opinions about this teaching method indicated that 80-100% were satisfied with the simulated nursing grand round. The majority of students (83.3%) believed that the method was very effective and beneficial in analyzing complex patients.
Conclusion: The simulated grand round intensifies students’ awareness and satisfaction and helps the professor apply the theoretical concepts educated in the classroom in the clinical setting. Therefore, this method can be a valuable tool to expand nursing students’ learning in clinical settings.
The evaluation of the electrochemical properties of Co3O4 nanopowders synthesized by autocombustion and sol-gel methods
Authors: Kalpana S , Bhat Vinay S. , Hegde G. , Prabhu T. Niranjana , Anantharamaiah P.N.
Published: June 2023

In present work, we investigated the synthesis methods for producing spherical-shaped nanomaterials of spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) as electrode materials. Two synthesis methods, autocombustion (Co3O4-AC) and sol-gel (Co3O4-SG), were employed to synthesize cobalt oxide nanopowders with a spherical shape. Characterization techniques including XRD, TEM, BET, and XPS analyses were conducted to evaluate the synthesized samples. The phase purity of the cobalt oxide samples were probed using XRD analysis and the crystallite size was determined to be 44 nm for Co3O4-AC and 36 nm for Co3O4-SG. TEM analysis further confirmed the desired spherical morphology of the particles. The surface area of Co3O4-AC was found to be 15 m2/g, while Co3O4-SG exhibited a slightly lower surface area of 11 m2/g. The energy storage experiments were conducted in terms of CV and GCD to enhance the electrochemical performance of the samples. Co3O4-AC exhibited a higher Cs 162 F/g at Im (current density) 0.25 A/g, indicating its superior energy storage capability. On the other hand, Co3O4-SG shows a Cs 98 F/g, indicating slightly lower execution compared to Co3O4-AC. Both nanomaterials exhibited excellent stability, showing no degradation over 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Overall, the study successfully synthesized spherical-shaped cobalt oxide nanomaterials using autocombustion and sol-gel methods. The obtained results demonstrate the promising energy storage properties of Co3O4-AC and Co3O4-SG, with Co3O4-AC exhibiting higher specific capacitance.
Overview of Major Cutaneus and Subcutaneus Skin Problems in Horses and Their Associated Risk Factor in and Around Bishoftutown, Ethiopia
Authors: Nagara Alemayo
Published: June 2023

The most significant animals in Ethiopia's packaging and transportation systems are horses. Despite the fact that illness and other issues significantly hinder their performance, their socioeconomic contribution is typically underestimated, jeopardizing their welfare. As a result, this cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the main skin problem concerning working horses in and around the town of Bishoftu, as well as the associated risk factors. For the study, 414 working horses in total were included in the study. A questionnaire survey and a clinical examination of a number of horses were carried out at the same time. It was revealed that 60% of horses have skin problems. The study's skin problems were wound (41.3%), epizootic lymphangiti (16.4%), and sarcoids (1.9%), in decreasing order. The occurrence of wounds varied significantly (x2 = 15.66, p = 0.05) depending on the horse's body condition score; horses in poorer body condition were more vulnerable to wounds than horses in higher body condition. Age-related differences in wound up prevalence were statistically significant (p = 0.05), showing that older horses were more susceptible. More injuries occurred as a result of poor harness and saddle design (x2 = 409.93, P = 0.000). The chest region of the body had a slightly higher percentage of wounds (24%). Depending on the type of work, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis (x2 = 4.0028, p= 0.05), showing that cart horses were more severely affected than pack horses. However, there was no discernible variation according to housing system, age, or bodily condition score. Between horses that had received protection and those that had not, there was a significant variation in the prevalence of sarcoids; the non-housed horses had a proportionately higher prevalence than the sheltered horses. The anatomical distribution of the lesions on the horses suggested a correlation between areas of improper hobbling, packing, and harnessing. According to this study, wounds are the main source of skin issues for working horses in the area. To address the current issue, a comprehensive equine health programme should be put in place.
Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Psoriasis and T2D: A Systems Biology Approach Using Microarray Data Analysis
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Lei , Du Qingfang , Tian Jun
Published: June 2023

Background Although a large number of evidence has identified that psoriasis is significantly correlated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the common molecular mechanism of its occurrence remains unclear. Our study aims to further elucidate the mechanism of the occurrence of this complication.Methods We obtained the gene expression data of psoriasis (GSE30999) and T2D (GSE28829) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Then the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of T2D and psoriasis were identified. After that, we performed three types of analyses about these DEGs, including functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module manufacture, hub genes identification and co-expression analysis.Results 132 common DEGs (14 upregulated genes and 118 downregulated genes) were identified for subsequent a series of analyses. Function enrichment analysis demonstrated that Rap1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway may play a significant role in pathogenesis of psoriasis and T2D. Finally, 3 important hub genes were selected by utilizing cytoHubba, including SNRPN, GNAS, IGF2.Conclusions Our work reveals the common pathogenesis of psoriasis and T2D. These Hub genes and common signaling pathways provide insights for further investigation of molecular mechanism about psoriasis and T2D.
The Incidence and Risk Factors Related to Post Operative Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Singh Navpreet , Gupta Pranav , Bansal Kapil , CHANDHAR ANMOL
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Post-surgical dysphagia is one complication particularly common in early postoperative period after Anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). However, the pathophysiology of dysphagia after has not been well understood. This study aimed to analyze the frequency and risk factors for developing swallowing difficulty following anterior cervical spine procedures and find an effective program to prevent and treat.
METHODS
A prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients undergoing ACSS from April 2021 to Oct 2022 at the Department of Orthopedics, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Punjab (India). Patients were in the age group of 27 to 60 years. The indications for cervical surgeries were traumatic, degenerative, infective and neoplastic involving C2 to C7 vertebra with signs of neural compression unresponsive to conservative treatment. Data on patient gender, age, BMI, duration of surgery, surgery blood loss, segment operated and the number of segments operated were collected. ( Table 1) Follow up time was 24 weeks.
RESULTS
Incidence of dysphagia was 20% (10/50) within first week which reduced to zero at completion of 6 months of follow-up. Dysphagia was present in 2% (1/50) patients in age group 21–40 years and 18% (9/50) patients in age group of 41–60 years. 14.6% (6/41) males and 44% (4/9) of females had dysphagia. Prevalence of patients involving one segment was 9.5% (4/42), two segmants was 80% (4/5) and three levels was 50% (1/2). Mean duration of surgery in patients with post operative dysphagia was 115 mins. Mean blood loss in patients with post-operative dysphagia was 171.40 mL Mean Et (endotracheal) tube cuff pressure in patients with post operative dysphagia was 24.70 cm H2O. Within the first week post surgery, there were 10 cases out of which one was mild, six were moderate and three were severe.
CONCLUSION
Despite the fact that some inconsistency is there in the literature regarding risk factors it can be safely concluded from our study that incidence of post operative dysphagia can be reduced by decreasing blood loss during surgery, reducing surgery time and optimizing Endotracheal tube cuff pressure during surgery.
Large-scale proteomics analysis of five brain regions from Parkinson’s disease patients with a GBA1 mutation
Authors: Blumenreich Shani , Nehushtan Tamar , Kupervaser Meital , Shalit Tali , Gabashvili Alexandra , Joseph Tammar , Milenkovic Ivan , Hardy John , Futerman Anthony
Published: June 2023

Despite being the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, little is known about Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. A number of genetic factors predispose towards PD, among them mutations inGBA1, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme acid-β-glucosidase. We now perform non-targeted, mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics on five brain regions from PD patients with aGBA1mutation (PD-GBA) and compare to age- and sex-matched idiopathic PD patients and controls. Two proteins were differentially-expressed in all five brain regions whereas significant differences were detected between the brain regions, with changes consistent with loss of dopaminergic signaling in the substantia nigra, and activation of a number of pathways in the cingulate gyrus, including ceramide synthesis. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was inactivated to a larger extent in IPD samples in most brain regions compared to controls and to a larger extent in PD-GBA. This is the first large-scale proteomics dataset generated for the study of PD-GBA.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia prevalence, and its association with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Syria
Authors: Daher Mohanad , Saqer Tareq , Jabr Mahmoud , Al-Mousa Samaher
Published: June 2023

Background:
To assess the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and whether there is an association between lower urinary tract symptoms linked to Benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome in the Syrian community.
Methods:
The participants of this observational cross-sectional study were Benign prostatic hyperplasia patients aged 40 years and above from Homs, Syria. An interview questionnaire performed to collect the data from all patients who came to the urinary clinic of Homs Military Hospital in the period of 10 January to 10 March, 2023. We used International Prostate Symptom Score to assess the urinary symptoms, and we used The US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel criteria to define the metabolic syndrome
Results:
The final sample size was 426 patients. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 46.2%. Patients with metabolic syndrome had higher International Prostate Symptom Score compared to patients without metabolic syndrome (21 vs 18, P<0.001), and 59.3% of patients with metabolic syndrome suffered from severe symptoms compared to 36.2% of patients without metabolic syndrome who suffered from severe lower urinary tract symptoms (P<0.001). There was a positive association between (waist circumference, diabetes, triglycerides) (P < 0.001), HDL (P=0.014) and higher International Prostate Symptom Score. However, there was no statistically significant association between blood pressure and International Prostate Symptom Score (P=0.879).
Conclusion:
Our results showed that patients with metabolic syndrome had a higher International Prostate Symptom Score. This idea should be used to design a new benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms treatment.
A descriptive study on the priorities of nurses' clinical needs for infection control in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Oh Won-Oak , Jung Myung-Jin
Published: June 2023

There is a lack of reference to infection control performance of Hemodialysis unit nurses. This study was to descript the priority of clinical needs in infection control for hemodialysis unit nurses. A web-based survey was conducted on 157 hemodialysis unit nurses after Delphi study. Data were collected using the developed infection control content tool. Borich Needs & the Locus for Focus model analysis was performed to screening the priority of clinical needs. The priority of clinical needs was selected six sub-domains in the infection control content. Most of the infection control content was difficult to perform compared to their perceived importance. It is expected that the priority of described clinical needs will be a milestone to improve infection control performance of hemodialysis unit nurses.