bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Expression and Effection of miR-192-5p in colorectal cancer: A Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Xin , Wen Zhenping , Feng Li
Published: August 2022

Background.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), which remained the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer globally, was in urgent need of a risk assessment method to determine an accurate treatment course. Recently, miRNA expression patterns have been identified as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy. Here, we practically verified the clinical value of miR-192-5p and thoroughly explored its target genes as well as its potential functions in CRC.
Methods.
By Bioinformatic Analysis miR-192-5p was preliminarily deemed as potential biomarkers with CRC. To learn more about their relationship, we firstly investigated the expression of miR-192-5p in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, baseline data sheet and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves by R software. For further proving expression in tissual level, cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues of 45 CRC patients were collected for analysis using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). What’s more, miR-192-5p related cell function assays were also performed in cell lines, including transfection and scratch assays. Furthermore, we identified potential target genes, hub genes and Immune-associated cell for miR-192-5p from online datasets. Finally, A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and biological functions were constructed to analyze the prospective mechanisms of the predicted genes.
Results.
MiR-192-5p showed a significantly higher expression level in CRC tissues than adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.969 (95% CI: 0.952–0.987, P < 0.001). The decreased mobility of the transfected group suggested that the overexpression of miR-192-5p may inhibit the migration of colon cancer cells. Significant correlations between miR-192-5p expression and clinicopathological features such as gender (P = 0.04), clinical TNM stage (P = 0.028), Vessel carcinoma embolus (P = 0.001), lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.002) and the CEA preoperatively (P = 0.028) were observed. To examine potential target genes, we obtained 93 genes for further function analysis and the PPI network indicated that KIF20A, TPX2, CDCA5, CCNB1, CDK1, PLP1 and NRXN1 were essential hub genes in the whole network. The GO and KEGG pathway annotation indicated synaptic membrane, glutamatergic synapse, and the Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 pathway as significant prospective mechanisms. Meanwhile, miR-192-5p was highly involved in the process of immune infiltration and formation of pluralistic components in the above tumor.
Accuracy and eligibility of Bonwill⁃Hawley arch form established by CBCT image for dental crowding measurement: a comparative study with the conventional brass wire and caliper methods.
Authors: Meng Wenyu , Xue Hui , Wang Weining , Huo Yifei , Wang Xiaoming
Published: August 2022

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel Bonwill⁃Hawley method (Bonwill⁃Hawley arch form based on CBCT image) for the assessment of dental crowding, and to investigate and compare the accuracy and eligibility with the conventional brass wire and caliper methods under different crowding conditions.
Material and methods
60 patients with the pair of plaster casts and CBCT data were collected. All the casts were marked and transformed into digital models using iTero scanner, and imported into OrthoCAD software to measure the required space. Using the conventional brass wire (M1) and caliper methods (M2), the available space and dental crowding were measured and calculated basing on digital models, respectively. Correspondingly, the axial planes in the level of dental arches were oriented and captured from the CBCT images to draw the Bonwill⁃Hawley arch forms (M3), which were used to measure and calculate the available space and dental crowding. For each method, intra and inter-examiner reliabilities were elevated with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Wilcoxon test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed for statistically analyzing the discrepancy among different groups.
Results
Both intra and inter-examiner reliability were generally excellent for all parameters obtained by the three methods, except for the dental crowding measured using M1(ICC: 0.473/0.261). The dental crowding measured using M2 were significantly increased in mild, moderate and severe-crowding groups compared with M1. However, no significant difference was detected between M1 and M3 in severe-crowding group (maxilla, p = 0.108 > 0.05; mandible, p = 0.074 > 0.05). With the deteriorate of crowding condition, the discrepancy of dental crowding between M1 and M2, or M1 and M3 were significantly decreased (maxilla, M2-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.003 < 0.05; maxilla, M3-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.003 < 0.05; mandible, M2-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.000 < 0.001; mandible, M3-M1, mild VS serve, p = 0.043 < 0.05).
Conclusion
Dental crowding measured using the novel Bonwill⁃Hawley method was relatively greater than the caliper method, but not exceeding the brass wire method, which wound gradually come close to the brass wire method with the deteriorate of crowding condition.
Clinical relevance
: The Bonwill⁃Hawley method basing on CBCT image proved to be a reliable and acceptable choice for orthodontists to analyze the dental crowding.
Vector species, pasture legume host range, and impact on grain legumes of an Australian soybean dwarf virus isolate
Authors: Congdon Benjamin Steven , Baulch J.R. , Foster K.J.
Published: August 2022

Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV; family Tombusviridae, genus Luteovirus, species Soybean dwarf virus) can cause damaging disease epidemics in cultivated Fabaceae. The biological characteristics of SbDV isolate WA-8, including its vector species, host range and potential impact on Australian grain legume cultivars, were investigated in a series of glasshouse experiments. WA-8 was determined to be a YP strain isolate as it was transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) and infected known strain indicator species. Of the 18 pasture legume species inoculated with SbDV, 12 were SbDV hosts including eight previously unrecorded as hosts. When inoculated with SbDV, field pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba), lentil (Lens culinaris) and narrow-leafed lupin cv. Jurien were most susceptible (70 to 100% plant infection rates), and albus lupin (Lupinus albus), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and narrow-leafed lupin cv. Mandelup were less susceptible (20 to 70%). Over the course of three experiments, chickpea was the most sensitive to infection, with > 97% reductions in dry above ground biomass (AGB) and 100% reductions in seed yield. Field pea cv. Gunyah, faba bean and lentil were also sensitive with 36 to 61% reductions in AGB. Field pea cv. Kaspa was tolerant with no significant reduction in AGB or seed yield. The information generated in this study provides important clues in understanding SbDV epidemiology and suggests it has potential to threaten to grain legume production in Australia, especially if the impacts of climate change promote its spread.
Investigation on particle assisted through-mask electrochemical etching of micro pits array
Authors: Du Liqun , Yu Mingxin , Zhai Ke , Zheng Kunming , Cheng Haohao , Wang Shuxuan , Liu Junshan
Published: August 2022

Microstructures are applied in various fields to improve the friction and lubrication of mechanical components. Through-mask electrochemical etching (TMEE) has shown good feasibility in machining microstructures array. However, the machining precision of microstructures gradually decreases with increasing etching depth in TMEE. Localization and uniformity are essential indicators of machining precision in TMEE. Herein, particle assisted through-mask electrochemical etching (PA-TMEE) method was proposed to improve the localization and uniformity. Firstly, a coupled multi-physical field model, including gas-liquid two-phase flow, particle motion, and electrochemical processes, was established and adopted to predict the profiles of micro pits. Secondly, a comparison experiment between PA-TMEE and traditional TMEE was performed. The experimental results show that using PA-TMEE instead of TMEE resulted in improved localization and uniformity of the micro pits array. Then, the paper analyzed the effect of particle diameter and content on micro pits. When the particle diameter was 40 µm, and the particle content was 6 g/L, the maximum etching factor was 2.4. The minimum coefficient of variation of the diameter and depth of micro pits were 3.3% and 5.2%. Finally, The machining mechanism of PA-TMEE was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer.
Serine protease NAL1 exerts pleiotropic functions through degradation of TOPLESS-related corepressor in rice
Authors: Li Wenjing , Yan Junjie , Zhang Yu , Zhang Fei , Guan Zeyuan , Yao Yilong , Chang Yu , Tu Haifu , Li Xiaokai , Wang Huaijun , Xiong Haiyan , Lai Xuelei , Yin Ping , Xiong Lizhong
Published: August 2022

NAL1 (NARROW LEAF 1) is a breeding-valuable pleiotropic gene that affects multiple agronomic traits in rice, but the molecular mechanism is largely unclear. Here, we report that NAL1 is a serine protease and displays a novel hexameric structure whose formation is mediated by ATP-containing positively charged pocket at the N-terminal region. Moreover, we identified TOPLESS-related corepressor OsTPR2 involved in multiple growth and development processes as the substrate of NAL1. We found that NAL1 degraded OsTPR2, thus modulating the expression of downstream genes related to hormone signaling pathways, eventually achieving its pleiotropic physiological function. An elite allele NAL1A originated from wild rice could increase grain yield. Furthermore, the NAL1 homologs in different crops have a similar pleiotropic function to NAL1. Our study uncovers a NAL1-OsTPR2 regulatory module and provides gene resources for the design of high-yield crops.
Prevalence and determinants of condom use among youth in Malawi: Evidence from the 2015/16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Jimu Scholastica Eunice , Ntoimo Lorretta F. C. , Okonofua Friday E.
Published: August 2022

Background
Unprotected sexual intercourse among the youths is common in Malawi. This has led to high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and unwanted pregnancies. The study investigated the prevalence and the determinants of condom use for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies among youths in Malawi.
Methods
The 2015/2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data were used among 15 to 24-year-old males and females who had sexual intercourse four months preceding the survey. A total of 1,543 males and 5,143 females were selected from 3226 males and 10367 females respectively and analyzed with SPSS version 20 using .descriptive, bivariate, and binary logistic regression.
Results
The study showed a low prevalence (27.1%) of condom use among the youths in the last sexual intercourse within four months before the survey. More males (55.8%) used condoms than females (18.5%). The significant predictors of condom use among the male and female youths were: being sexually active (OR 0.39 CI 0.33–0.47), youths aged 20–24 (OR 0.80 CI 0.68–0.95), ever married (OR 0.07 CI 0.06–0.08), residence in central region (OR 0.56 CI 0.40–0.77), and southern region (OR 0.59 CI 0.42–0.83), residence in the rural area (OR 0.74 CI 0.61–0.90) and ever tested of HIV (OR 1.29 CI 1.03–1.55).
Conclusion
Having established low prevalence of condom use among the youth in Malawi, there is a need to scale up programs and policies that target the youths to practice safe sex, which will assist in addressing the challenges of STIs, including HIV, and preventing unwanted pregnancies in Malawi.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Use of Psychoactive Substances by Adolescents in Public Schools in a Brazilian municipality
Authors: Vellozo Eliana Pereira , Vitalle Maria Sylvia Souza , Passos Maria Aparecida Zanetti , Niskier Sheila Rejane , Schoen Teresa Helena , Hall Peter Richard , Arcanjo Francisco Plácido Nogueira , Costa Roberto Fernandes da , Kopelman Benjamin Israel , Konstantyner Tulio
Published: August 2022

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances by adolescents in public schools. Methods: Cross-sectional study, which used randomized sample of adolescents from five public schools located in a city in the central-west region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and drug use were collected through self-reported questionnaires. The sample consisted of 1460 students, 716 (49.0%) boys, aged 10-19 years (13.19±2.04 years); 459 of the 744 girls were in post-menarche, with a mean age at menarche of 11.07±0.82 years. Results: The prevalence of use of psychoactive substances in the last month was 51.0% for analgesics; alcohol 48.8%; tobacco 37.3%; tranquilizers 30.8%; marijuana 23.1%; anabolic steroids 22.6%; ecstasy 21.6%; amphetamines/stimulants 15.3%; phencyclidine 13.4%; cocaine/crack 12.9%; inhalants/solvents 12.6%; opiates 11.5%; hallucinogens 11.4%; and other unclassified drugs 16.2%. In the correlation analysis between different types of drugs, positive relationships of strong magnitude (r = .400 to .690) and highly significant (p< .01) were identified between the use of several psychoactive drugs. Elementary school students were more likely to consume tobacco (OR= 2.306; 95%CI 1.733, 3.068; p< 0.001), and male students were more likely to consume any type of substance. Conclusion: We identified a high use of psychoactive substances among the participants in this study, with a higher prevalence among male students.
Multicollinearity Applied Stepwise StochasticImputation: A Large Dataset Imputation throughCorrelation-based Regression
Authors: Leiby Benjamin D. , Ahner Darryl K.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a stochastic imputation approach for large datasets using acorrelation selection methodology when preferred commercial packages struggleto iterate due to numerical problems. A variable range-based guard railmodification is proposed that benefits the convergence rate of data elementswhile simultaneously providing increased confidence in the plausibility of theimputations. A large country conflict dataset motivates the search to imputemissing values well over a common threshold of 20% missingness. TheMulticollinearity Applied Stepwise Stochastic imputation methodology(MASS-impute) capitalizes on correlation between variables within the datasetand uses model residuals to estimate unknown values. Examination of themethodology provides insight toward choosing linear or nonlinear modeling terms.Tailorable tolerances exploit residual information to fit each data element. Themethodology evaluation includes observing computation time, model fit, and thecomparison of known values to replaced values created through imputation.Overall, the methodology provides useable and defendable results in imputingmissing elements of a country conflict dataset.
Extractive Text-Image Summarization with Relation-Enhanced Graph Attention Network
Authors: Xie Feng , Chen JingQiang , Chen Kejia
Published: August 2022

Multi-modal summarization with multi-modal output (MSMO) aims to generate multi-modal summaries for a multi-modal document to improve readability of summaries by making use of information of different modalities. Most existing Seq2Seq-based MSMO models cannot well capture multi-modal relations which are significant for generating high-quality multi-modal summaries. To address this issue, this paper proposes a relation-enhanced graph attention network for extractive text-image summarization (ReGAT-Summ) to capture inter-modal and intra-modal relations in the multi-modal document. Firstly, a multi-modal graph is constructed from the document. Then, node representations are calculated by proposed graph neural network. Finally, a sentence-image selector is trained to select salient sentences and images, which are further aligned by training. To our knowledge, we are the first to explore the graph-based model for MSMO. Experiments on two news datasets E-DailyMail and NYTime800k demonstrate that ReGAT-Summ achieves the state-of-the-art performance in terms of automatic metrics and human evaluations.
Ophthalmic Examination Parameters for the Timing of Corneal Crosslinking Indications in Patients with Keratoconus
Authors: Miyakoshi Akio , Hayashi Atsushi , Oiwake Toshihiko
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To find parameters of a general ophthalmic examination that can detect indications for corneal crosslinking (CXL) (minimum corneal thickness: MCT >400 μm) in patients with keratoconus.Methods: The cases of the patients referred to Toyama University Hospital for the treatment of keratoconus from August 2011 to May 2021. The percentage of patients with keratoconus who had an MCT <400 μm at their first visit was identified, and we performed a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the predictive accuracy of general ophthalmic examination parameters and MCT. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of each factor.Results: The analyses included 66 eyes of 38 Japanese patients aged 25.0±7.1 yrs (range 12–38 yrs) (56 male eyes and 10 female eyes). Thirty percent of the patients had an MCT <400 μm. The AUC for uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) was 0.85. We set the cut-off value at 1.22 (converted to decimal visual acuity: ≥0.06) and observed 87% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The AUC for corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.90. We set the cut-off value at 0.52 (converted to decimal visual acuity: ≥0.3) and observed 89% sensitivity and 75% specificity.Conclusions: It is advisable to refer patients with keratoconus to a specialized facility for CXL when the following conditions are present: (ⅰ) UCDVA (decimal visual acuity) ≥0.06 and (ⅱ) CDVA (decimal visual acuity) ≥0.3.
Biomechanical study of C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw versus leaning angle pedicle screw in atlantoaxial fixation: a finite element study
Authors: Zeng BaiFang , Shen Danwei , Qing Binwei , Wang Xiangyu , Wu Chao
Published: August 2022

Background
The atlantoaxial structure is an important motion segment in the cervical spine and atlantoaxial instability could be a life-threatening injury. The purpose of this study is to compare the biomechanical properties of the C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw and C2 traditional pedicle screw. combined C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw (C1PS + C2PPS) and C1-C2 traditional pedicle screw (C1-2PS) for atlantoaxial instability fixation.
Method
Based on the computed tomography (CT) images, a total of 5 intact C1-2 finite element models were established and validated. On this basis, instability models were developed and two different fixation methods were applied for each model: C1 traditional pedicle screw combined with C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw (C1PS + C2PPS) and C1-C2 traditional pedicle screw (C1-2PS). Under the physiological load of 40 N, the 1.5 Nm pure moment was used to simulate movements of the cervical spine in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. The von Mises stress of implants and range of motion (ROM) were analyzed and compared statistically.
Results
In flexion and extension, the C1PS + C2PPS performed lower segment ROM (12.4% and 6.3% decreased) and stress concentration (15.9% decreased in flexion) compared with C1-C2PS. In lateral bending and axial rotation, the C1PS + C2PPS performed higher segment ROM (42.9% and 5.9% increased) and stress concentration (8.7% and 21.4% increased) compared with C1-C2PS.
Conclusion
Both methods were relatively safe and stable for atlantoaxial instability fixation. Compared with C1-C2PS, the C1PS + C2PPS may offer a better stability and lower risk of implant failure in flexion and extension, but C1-C2PS could perform an advantage in lateral bending and axial rotation.
Amelioration effect of natural bioactive flavonoids from Turbinaria ornata against oxidative stress induced neurochemical degradation and neurodegeneration
Authors: Lingappa Sivakumar , Sivaranjani Ganapathy , Hemalatha Tamiloli , Manivasagam Thamilarasan , Somasundaram Somasundaram Thirugnanasambandan
Published: August 2022

Marine macroalgae are abundant reservoir for biologically active molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and protease inhibition activities. Neurodegeneration is a relentless neurological disorder which is characterized by progressive atrophy in the nervous system. The multifunctional properties of glycosides from macroalgae could be utilized to treat diverse pathologic aetiologies of various human diseases. The study aimed to characterize the therapeutically effective flavonol glycosides from methanolic extracts of Turbinaria ornata to prevent neurologic progressive atrophy. Subsequently the two major fractions of methanolic extracts (i.e. MWTO, fraction from 50% methanol and MTO, fraction from absolute methanol) were purified and eluted through column chromatography and confined as glycosides. MWTO fraction showed effective antioxidant, anti-proteolytic, anti-haemolytic and anticoagulant activities than MTO fraction. MWTO also exhibited promising acetylcholine and butyrylcholine esterase inhibition activities. The in-vitro study revealed that MWTO could prevent cytotoxicity and ROS formation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and significantly enhance the cell proliferation, thus could halt the progressive atrophy of the disease in the neurons. Later, MWTO was subjected to chemical characterization by HPLC, FTIR and UHPLC-ESI/MS and predicted the aglycone molecule of flavonol glycoside as oleanolic acid. Therefore, the active therapeutic flavonol glycoside from MWTO could be used to combat neurodegeneration and related diseases.
A new version of CBDC based on the most important economic factors and exports of countries
Authors: Han Chung Seok , Hamooni Amir , Tajdini Saeid , Mehrara Mohsen , Ghahroud Majid Lotfi
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to introduce and design a new cryptocurrency to improve the weaknesses of the current central bank digital currency which is based on fiat money. CBDCs mirror the value of fiat currency but some countries such as China manage their money supply mainly by printing currency and controlling forex rates. So, in this new cryptocurrency, the economic strength and trade balance between countries are the most important factors for comparing the value of this cryptocurrency. Based on this new model, the fair-trade balance between countries and exports of countries are the main part of the model. Since purchasing power parity (PPP) is applied in our model, we added the concept of this model to our new model. The results of this study showed that to issue this new cryptocurrency -we called it Export Crypto- we can compare countries based on economic factors. It is completely different from CBDCs that are pegged to the value of that country's fiat currency.JEL Classifications: F30, F65, B17, E60, F40
Maternal anxiety during pregnancy is associated with weaker prefrontal functional connectivity in adult offspring
Authors: Turk Elise , Heuvel Marion I. van den , Sleurs Charlotte , Billiet Thibo , Uyttebroeck Anne , Sunaert Stefan , Mennes Maarten , Bergh Bea Van den
Published: August 2022

Background. The connectome, constituting a unique fingerprint of a person’s brain, may be influenced by its prenatal environment, potentially affecting later-life resilience and mental health. Methods. We conducted a prospective resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study in 28-year-old offspring (N=49) of mothers whose anxiety was monitored during pregnancy. Two offspring anxiety subgroups were defined: “High anxiety” (N=13) group versus “low-to-medium anxiety” (N=36) group, based on maternal self-reported state anxiety at 12-22 weeks of gestation. To predict resting-state functional connectivity, maternal state anxiety during pregnancy was included as a predictor in general linear models for both ROI-to-ROI and graph theoretical metrics. Sex, birth weight and postnatal anxiety were included as covariates. Results. Higher maternal anxiety was associated with weaker functional connectivity of medial prefrontal cortex with left inferior frontal gyrus and left lateral prefontal cortex with left somatosensory motor gyrus in the offspring. While our results showed a general pattern of lower functional connectivity in adults prenatally exposed to maternal anxiety, we did not observe significant differences in global brain networks between groups. Conclusions. Weaker (medial) prefrontal cortex functional connectivity in the high anxiety adult offspring group suggests a long-term negative impact of prenatal exposure to high maternal anxiety, extending into adulthood. To prevent mental health problems at population level, universal primary prevention strategies should aim at lowering maternal anxiety during pregnancy.
A matter of metals: Copper but not cadmium affects the microbial alpha-diversity of soils and sediments, a meta-analysis
Authors: Signorini Marco , Midolo Gabriele , Cesco Stefano , Mimmo Tanja , Borruso Luigimaria
Published: August 2022

Heavy metals (HM) accumulation in soil affects plants and soil fauna, yet the effect on microbial alpha-diversity remains unclear, mainly due to the absence of dedicated research synthesis (e.g. meta-analysis). Here, we report the first meta-analysis of the response of soil microbial alpha-diversity to the experimental addition of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). We considered studies conducted between 2013 and 2022 using DNA metabarcoding of bacterial and fungal communities to overcome limitations of other cultivation- and electrophoresis-based techniques. Fungi were discarded due to the limited studies number (i.e. 6 studies). Bacterial studies resulted in 66 independent experiments reported in 32 primary papers from four continents. We found a negative dose-dependent response for Cu but not for Cd for bacterial alpha-diversity in the environments, only for Cu additions exceeding 29.6 mg kg-1 (first loss of -0.06 % at 30 mg kg-1). The maximal loss of bacterial alpha-diversity registered was 13.89 % at 3837 mg kg-1. Our results first highlight that bacterial communities behave differently to soil pollution depending on the metal. Secondly, our study suggests that even extreme doses of Cu do not cause a dramatic loss in alpha-diversity, highlighting how the behavior of bacterial communities diverges from soil macro-organisms.
Mapping ecosystem service supply-demand bundles for an integrated analysis of tradeoffs in an urban agglomeration of China
Authors: Zhong Zhen , Fang Xuening , Zhang Yu , Shu Xianfang , Guo Dan
Published: August 2022

Ecosystem service (ES) bundles are widely used approaches to analyze ES tradeoffs in urban agglomeration. However, few ES bundle studies considered both the supply and demand side. The objective of this study was to map ES supply-demand bundles to comprehensively analyze the ES tradeoffs in the Yangtze River Delta by using cluster analysis, correlation analysis, hotspots analysis, and principal component analysis. We found that: (1) Both the supply and demand of ES are unevenly distributed with highly spatial autocorrelation. (2) Significant tradeoffs and synergies between ES in terms of supply-supply, demand-demand, and supply-demand. (3) Four ES supply-demand bundle types were identified with distinct ES supply and demand relationships. (4) Land use types, urban intensity, and climatic factors are the main social-ecological factors that distinguish the four identified clusters. The identified ES supply-demand clusters can support the main functional zoning of the Yangtze River Delta. Our results also suggest that “land sharing” is a more appropriate approach for the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Delta considering the balance of multiple ES supply and ES demand.
The anti-hypoxia protective effect of WYY026B by combining with red blood cells
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Zhang Pingping , Liu Ye
Published: August 2022

The improvement of the endurance of humans in resisting hypoxia and reducing hypoxia‑induced organ damage is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, WYY026B has anti-hypoxia effect and alleviates brain injury induced by ischemic, which is a small molecule compound. Moreover, we found that WYY026B increased oxygen content of blood under hypoxia stress. Red blood cells (RBCs) have the characteristic of transporting oxygen to all tissues in the body through hemoglobin. A series of tests in vitro revealed that WYY026B could combine with RBCs. And immunofluorescence assays showed that WYY026B bonded to the erythrocyte membrane and can enter the RBCs. These results can hint that WYY026B enhances the ability of RBCs to carry oxygen by interacting with RBCs. This provides theoretical basis for elaborating the anti-hypoxia protection of WYY026B in myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia and altitude hypoxia injury.
An Experimental Set-up for Measurement of Mechanical and Biochemical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Undergoing Anaerobic Biodegradation
Authors: Patil Swati , Endait Mahesh
Published: August 2022

A bioreactor landfill is a recent invention in the field of waste management. A large-scale bioreactor simulator is developed in this study. The simulator configuration, testing procedure, sampling, and measurements are presented. The study describes the effect of degradation on long settlements. The effect of leachate recirculation was assessed from the biochemical properties of leachate and biogas. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sample was collected from the working phase of the solid waste management site in Vilholi Nasik (Maharashtra, India). Leachate collected from the same site was used for the recirculation. The degradation process in the simulator was monitored for 106 days. The total settlement was 1.2% recorded. pH, Alkalinity, and chemical oxygen demand of leachate were monitored throughout the experimental investigation and found responsible parameters for the degradation process. Biogas production potential rate of 3ℓ/day with a phase lag of 12 days was obtained from Modified Gompertz Model. The composition of biogas analyzed the presence of 74% CO2 and 24%CH4. Practitioners can use the simulator and experimental investigation data presented in this study for designing bioreactor landfills.
Revisiting Statistics and Evidence-Based Medicine: On the Fallacy of the Effect Size Based on Correlation and the Misconception of Contingency Tables
Authors: Roussakow Sergey
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is in crisis, in part due to bad methods,which are understood as misuse of statistics that is considered correct in itself. The studyquestions the correctness of the basic statistics related to the effect size (ES) based oncorrelation (CBES). METHODS: Monte Carlo simulation of paired samples, mathematicalanalysis, conceptual analysis, bias analysis. RESULTS: Correlation and ES are not related.CBES is a fallacy, mainly based on the point biserial correlation (PBC) fallacy andmisconception of contingency tables (MCT), which makes no distinction between grosscrosstabs (GCTs) and contingency tables (CTs). Misapplication of Pearson’s correlationcoefficient to point biserial datasets and GCTs gives ES parameters that are not related tocorrelation. Equations directly expressing ES in terms of correlation coefficient are flawed,since it is impossible without including covariance. Generalization of these fallacies leads toerroneous inferences, conversions, transformations, meta-analyses, and misunderstandingof the nature of correlation. MCT leads to misuse of the relevant statistics and is soubiquitous that all findings from CTs are suspect. CONCLUSIONS: Two related commonstatistical misconceptions, CBES and MCT, have been exposed and fixed. Thesemisconceptions are threatening because most of the findings from correlation, pairedsamples and CTs, including meta-analyses, can be misleading. Since exposing these fallaciescasts doubt on the reliability of the statistical foundations of EBM in general, we urgentlyneed to revise them.
Phenotypic Variation for Epicuticular Waxes Across Plant Introductions of Onion
Authors: Havey Michael J.
Published: August 2022

The amounts and types of epicuticular waxes on onion (Allium cepa) leaves affect feeding damage by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), a serious insect pest of onion. This study used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to measure amounts of epicuticular waxes on foliage of two plants from each of 50 plant introductions (PI) and inbred lines with high (waxy) and low (glossy) amounts of wax. Wax amounts on leaves of the same plants were measured twice (once in the greenhouse and once after moving plants outside) and were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated; however, wax amounts on leaves of plants grown in the greenhouse were approximately twice that of the same plants grown outside. Hentriacontanone-16 (H16) was the predominant wax on leaves of all PIs except PI 289689, and amounts of H16 were significantly correlated with amounts of fatty alcohols and total wax. Five plants from 17 of the PIs were grown in the greenhouse, wax amounts measured using GCMS, and results were significantly correlated with earlier evaluations. Results indicate that measurements of waxes on onion foliage should occur under protected conditions to better characterize phenotypic variation, and selection of higher amounts of waxes other than H16 may be effective toward the development onions suffering less thrips damage.
STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR TRIMARAN PONTOON ARRAY IN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER – PENDULUM SYSTEM (WEC - PS)
Authors:   Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia, 60111, Hantoro Ridho , Septyaningrum Erna , Hudaya Yusuf Rifqi , Utama I Ketut Aria Pria ,   Department of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia, 60111
Published: August 2022

Ocean waves are a renewable energy source with abundant reserves in Indonesia. With the vast waters of Indonesia, the development of a sea wave power plant needs to be developed. This research focuses on the development of easy-operated and maintained ocean wave converter–pendulum system (OWC – PS). The numerical simulation and experimental analysis were conducted to obtain the relation between the motion response of the pontoon array and its pendulum. The pontoon used is the trimaran type, which consists of a cylindrical pontoon as the main hull and two outriggers on its side. This study analyses the most stable array arrangement that produces maximum pitching motion and pendulum deviation. The simulation results show that the largest pitching value is in array 1, i.e., 27.91° for pontoon 1 and 38.92° for pontoon 2, which results in a maximum pendulum deviation of 100 ° for pendulums 1 and 56.2 ° for pendulum 2 over a wave period of 9 seconds. The backward motion of the pendulum in both array configurations tends to have a greater deviation than that of the forward motion. The pendulums of array 1 have different motion characteristics, represented by different deviation values in both pendulums. This phenomenon does not occur in array 2, since both pendulums in array 2 have the same deviation (with only a small discrepancy).
Governance cost and financial service efficiency in Nigeria
Authors: Ozordi Emmanuel , Uwuigbe Olubunkola , Uwuigbe Uwalomwa , Ojeka Stephen , Eluyela Damilola
Published: August 2022

This study explored the influence of the governance cost on financial service efficiency in Nigeria. The recurrent collapse of reputable companies and banks due to agency problems have motivated this investigation. The study empirically sampled 40 financial service firms from the 50 firms registered on the stock market. The study adopted an ex-post-facto research design. Data was collected using secondary sources from the firms’ annual reports to determine the influence the governance cost has on Nigeria’s financial service efficiency for nine years (2012–2020). Also, the study utilized the Panel Tobit regression to test the hypothesis. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to ascertain the aggregate governance cost, and the proxies were directors’ fees, auditors’ fees, CEO compensation, and chairman fee. At the same time, financial service analysis was derived using the Input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique under the constant return to scale (CRS) assumption. Consequently, findings from the study show a significant and positive influence of governance costs on the efficiency of financial services. The study, therefore, concludes that the current governance cost of the sampled firms drives efficiency within the sampled firms, and increasing the governance cost, based on the reviews on corporate governance structures, will not harm the efficiency of financial services. However, the consistent increase over time will harm efficiency. Thus, the study recommends an internal balance on the pay structure within the financial services. AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge Covenant University for solely providing the platform for this research and for fully sponsoring the publication of this research work.
The impact of cash holding on stock returns in small and medium enterprises on the Egyptian Nile Stock Exchange
Authors: Rashed Ahmed , Ghoniem Waleed
Published: August 2022

This paper explores the impact of cash holdings on stock returns in small and medium enterprises. The sample includes 24 SMEs listed on the Egyptian Nile Exchange, excluding service firms, with a total of 96 observations from 2016 to 2019. Data was collected from financial statements and reports obtained through an information dissemination company in Egypt. This study uses a panel data analysis with comparing all results via ordinary least squares and the generalized method of moments. The findings show a statistically significant negative effect of cash holding on stock returns in small and medium enterprises on the Egyptian Nile Exchange. Further, the evidence shows that firms with higher levels of cash holding have higher investment alternatives and then lower stock returns. This result supports the agency theory that an increase in cash holding leads to managers exploiting cash resources to achieve personal benefits, thus increasing agency costs, lowering investment efficiency, and therefore lowering stock returns. The results support the trade-off between risk and return by using cash holding to finance operational activities and investing in higher investment alternatives and then lower stock returns.
Downscaling approach for analysis and forecasting of meteorological parameters and identification of different drought years
Authors: Zadafiya Gautam , Pravinbhai Ladavia Chirag , Gandhi Haresh
Published: August 2022

Natural disasters related to water resources as a result of climate change are becoming a major concern for the entire world. The majority of people in India work in agriculture. Droughts, floods, cyclones, and other natural disasters are all linked to uncertainty in meteorological parameters. The primary goal of this research is to investigate and forecast various meteorological parameters in the Bhavnagar district of the Gujarat region. The statistical downscaling technique uses Global Climate Model (GCM) data for analysis, while the dynamic downscaling technique uses Regional Climate Model (RCM) data. RCM data are prepared for important places of the Earth. GCM data are freely available for all parts of the Earth. So, in this study, GCM data are used. RCM data and dynamic downscaling make the process complicated. Using GCM data and the statistical downscaling technique, meteorological parameters i.e. maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall can be accurately predicted in this study. To predict meteorological parameters, RCP 8.5 scenario and SPI are used to identify the various types of drought years of the study area. Flood hazard maps and drought contingency plans can be prepared based on predicted meteorological parameters. According to SPI analysis, Bhavnagar will experience 26 mild, 8 moderate, 2 severe, and 3 special droughts up to the year 2100.
Rainfall variability and trends in the Borana zone of southern Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Mitiku Adisu , Feyisa Gudina Legese , Beketie Kassahun Ture , Garbolino Emmanuel
Published: August 2022

This paper has examined the variability and trends of rainfall in the Borana zone, southern Ethiopia. Monthly rainfall data from 1981 to 2018 were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia. Mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were employed to analyze temporal variability. Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen's slope estimator (SEE) were used to determine trend and its magnitude, respectively. The inverse weighting distance (IDW) interpolation technique was employed to generate surface data and produce spatial rainfall maps. April and Belg were the wettest month and season, respectively. On an annual basis, Arero (741 mm) followed by Teltele (629 mm) were the wettest stations, whereas the Dillo station (285 mm) was the driest. Rainfall is highly variable on a monthly and seasonal basis than annual timescale. Meher rainfall has shown a significant rainfall increase (P-value <0.05) at most stations. A significant increase in annual rainfall was observed at Arero, Dehas, Dillo and Miyo. Spatially, rainfall decreases from the northeast and northwest parts of the Borana towards the southwest. The findings of this study can serve as a reference basis and provides useful information for policymakers to devise and implement better water management strategies in this water-scarce region.
The Idea of Memory in the Context of «the Secret Garden» by Frances Hodgson Burnett
Authors: Masliakova Anna Ivanovna
Published: August 2022

The importance of memory is difficult to underestimate. Not only does it help us to reinforce our cultural identity, but it also gives us an opportunity to learn from our mistakes and be more successful in the future. Yet some people tend to forget how precious and significant their memories are. And I do believe that it is high time we walked down memory lane and tried to set things right.
Resveratrol Effects on Molecular Pathways and MicroRNAs in Gastrointestinal
Cancers
Authors: Davoodvandi Amirhossein , Sharif Pouya Mahdavi , Dana Parisa Maleki , Asemi Zatollah
Published: August 2022

Absatract:

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most prevalent types of neoplasms
worldwide. The incidence of GI cancers is increasing rapidly. Despite all advances in the
management of GI cancers, treatment options for these disorders are still limited and
there are no effective therapeutic approaches. Hence, finding new treatment strategies
seems to be necessary to decrease mortality in patients with such cancers. The application
of natural products has found a prominent role in the management of some neoplastic
disorders. Resveratrol is a phytochemical found in various fruits and plants such as
red grapes and tea. Recently, the effects of resveratrol on the microRNAs in the management
of some neoplastic disorders have been investigated. This review is aimed to illustrate
the molecular pathways related to resveratrol and evaluate the impacts of resveratrol
on the different microRNAs in the milieu of the prevention and treatment of GI cancers.
TÜRKİYE’DE EĞİTİM YÖNETİMİ TEMALI ULUSLARARASI YAYINLARIN İNCELENMESİ: BİBLİOMETRİK ANALİZ
Authors: SARI Tamer
Published: August 2022

Bilimsel araştırmaların niteliği, bir alanın bilimselliğinin önemli göstergelerinden biridir. Bilimselleşme süreci henüz gelişmekte olan eğitim yönetimi alanında yapılan yayınların incelenmesi gelişim sürecinin değerlendirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de üretilen eğitim yönetimi temalı uluslararası çalışmaları bibliyometrik yöntemle, çeşitli parametreler kullanılarak, analiz etmek ve eğitim yönetimi alan yazınına ve araştırmacılara katkı sağlamaktır. Bu kapsamda Web of Science veri tabanında “educationaladministration” anahtar kelimeleriyle tarama yapılarak 2021 yılı sonuna kadar olan 167 farklı kaynakta yayınlanmış 714 ilişkili yayına ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde açık kaynak kodlu R Studio programı ve bir R program aracı olan “biblioshiny for bibliometrix” uygulaması kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda eğitim yönetimi temalı çalışmalarda en fazla liderlik kuram ve modelleri, iş doyumu, okul yönetimi ve uzaktan eğitim konularının çalışıldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmaların en çok yayınlandığı kaynaklar ile en çok atıf yapılan kaynaklar arasında bir farklılığın olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca Türkiye'de yapılan uluslararası yayınlara yurtdışından yapılan atıfların yıllık ortalaması yüksek olmasına rağmen yurt içi atıfların yıllık ortalamasının düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lotka yasası bulgularına göre Türkiye’de eğitim yönetimi temalı alan yazının yetersiz olduğu ancak son yıllarda önemli gelişim gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Understanding Social Capital in Management of Community Forest in Indonesia
Authors: Oktalina Silvi , Wiyono Wiyono , Suka Aneka , Bisjoe Achmad , Muin Nurhaedah , Race Digby
Published: August 2022

Community forests are defined as forests that grow on private land and are managed by farmers on a small scale. Most of the community forests in Indonesia are managed by farmers, who mostly use social capital in community forest management. Understanding social capital of farmers in managing community forests is important to empower them. This research was a survey conducted by involving 240 respondents in three districts: Bulukumba (South Sulawesi Province), Gunungkidul (Yogyakarta Special Province), and Pati (Central Java Province). The research showed that majority of the farmers believed that community forests can support their livelihoods. Moreover, the research used trust, norm, and network to measure the social capital employed in the community forest management. The result revealed some trusted stakeholders for intervention in community forest management across the study locations were other farmers, farmer group committees, and farmer groups. Meanwhile, the norms that the farmers used in community forest were tradition and custom. In addition, the farming network was identified to understand behavior of the farmers in forest product marketing. A total of 68% of the farmers sell timber, whereas the others (52%) sell crops. Traders are the most important stakeholder in community forest product marketing. From this identification of social capital, we could develop appropriate strategies for intervention to manage the community forests for sustainable community forest management.