bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fully Elastic Wearable Electrochemical Sweat Detection System of Tree‐Bionic Microfluidic Structure for Real‐Time Monitoring
Authors: Niu Jiaqi , Lin Shujing , Chen Di , Wang Zhitao , Cao Cheng , Gao Ang , Cui Shengsheng , Liu Yanlei , Hong Yuping , Zhi Xiao , Cui Daxiang
Published: November 2023

Fresh sweat contains a diverse range of physiological indicators that can effectively reflect changes in the body. However, existing wearable sweat detection systems face challenges in efficiently collecting and detecting fresh sweat in real‐time. Additionally, they often lack the necessary deformation capabilities, resulting in discomfort for the wearer. Here, a fully elastic wearable electrochemical sweat detection system is developed that integrates a sweat‐collecting microfluidic chip, a multi‐parameter electrochemical sensor, a micro‐heater, and a sweat detection elastic circuit board system. The unique tree‐bionic structure of the microfluidic chip significantly enhances the efficiency of fresh sweat collection and discharge, enabling real‐time detection by the electrochemical sensors. The sweat multi‐parameter electrochemical sensor offers high‐precision and high‐sensitivity measurements of sodium ions, potassium ions, lactate, and glucose. The electronic system is built on an elastic circuit board that matches perfectly to wrinkled skin, ensuring improved wearing comfort and enabling multi‐channel data sampling, processing, and wireless transmission. This state‐of‐the‐art system represents a significant advancement in the field of elastic wearable sweat detection and holds promising potential for extending its capabilities to the detection of other sweat markers or various wearable applications.
Model‐based systems engineering approach to the study of electromagnetic interference and compatibility in wireless powered microelectromechanical systems
Authors: Martinez‐Rojas Juan A. , Fernandez‐Sanchez Jose L. , Fernandez‐Munoz Miguel , Sanchez‐Montero Rocio , Lopez‐Espi Pablo L. , Diez‐Jimenez Efren
Published: November 2023

Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility (EMI–EMC) are a serious problem in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), and specially in powered by wireless energy transfer MEMS. Most MEMS have dimensions in the order of 1 mm or less, thus, most of the suitable electromagnetic radiation sources have wavelengths larger than this, making isolation of electromagnetic effects very difficult. Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) can be an excellent tool to deal with EMI—EMC in MEMS during early design phases. In this work, we present a problem‐solving procedure and integration of EMI—EMC in MEMS from a Model‐Based Systems Engineering perspective. This approach is described in detail by a real example using a procedure based on nine steps fully integrated with the proposed systems engineering methodology. For example, the use of context diagrams (IBDs) and N SQUARE charts to describe EMC interactions is explained in detail. The system is formed by a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) subsystem working near 2.45 or 4.5 GHz coupled to an electromagnetic micromotor. This micromotor contains copper microcoils which can receive electromagnetic radiation directly at the same time that the WPT subsystem. The greatest difficulty is, then, to power the WPT while isolating the micromotor, and optimizing the coupling interface. A summary of the most important EMC concepts and tools are reviewed from the systems engineer perspective and possible problems during the design and testing phases are discussed in detail using the example.
Arithmetic Structure of the Spectrum and Crystalline Measures
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

We consider applications of the trace formula and spectral theory of metric graphs in Fourier analysis. It turns out that spectral measures associated with metric graphs give explicit examples of crystalline measures.
Quadratic Forms and Spectral Estimates
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

The goal of this Chapter is to provide a systematic study of quadratic forms associated with Schrödinger operators on metric graphs.
M-Functions: Properties and First Applications
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

We start with the definition of matrix-valued Herglotz-Nevanlinna functions.
The Characteristic Equation
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

This chapter is devoted to compact graphs formed by a finite number of bounded intervals. We already know that the spectrum of the corresponding magnetic Schrödinger operator is discrete and our main goal is to obtain characteristic equations determining the spectrum (eigenvalues) precisely. We describe here three different methods to obtain an explicit characteristic equation.
Reducibility of Secular Polynomials
Authors: Kurasov Pavel
Published: November 2023

Analysing graphs on up to three edges we noted that the secular polynomials are reducible if and only if the graphs either contain loops or are watermelon graphs. It is our goal in this chapter to prove this statement for arbitrary finite graphs (Theorem 7.19). We are going to use contractions and extensions of graphs allowing us to consider just a few specially chosen families of graphs together with graphs on up to three edges. These families are studied as a preparation for the proof of the factorisation theorem.
Entanglement Entropy of Ground States of the Three-Dimensional Ideal Fermi Gas in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Pfeiffer Paul , Spitzer Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

We study the asymptotic growth of the entanglement entropy of ground states of non-interacting (spinless) fermions in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

R

3

subject to a constant magnetic field perpendicular to a plane. As for the case with no magnetic field we find, to leading order $$L^2\ln (L)$$

L
2

ln

(
L
)

, a logarithmically enhanced area law of this entropy for a bounded, piecewise Lipschitz region $$L\Lambda \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

L
Λ
⊂

R

3

as the scaling parameter L tends to infinity. This is in contrast to the two-dimensional case since particles can now move freely in the direction of the magnetic field, which causes the extra $$\ln (L)$$

ln
(
L
)

factor. The explicit expression for the coefficient of the leading order contains a surface integral similar to the Widom–Sobolev formula in the non-magnetic case. It differs, however, in the sense that the dependence on the boundary, $$\partial \Lambda $$

∂
Λ

, is not solely on its area but on the “surface perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field”. We utilize a two-term asymptotic expansion by Widom (up to an error term of order one) of certain traces of one-dimensional Wiener–Hopf operators with a discontinuous symbol. This leads to an improved error term of the order $$L^2$$

L
2

of the relevant trace for piecewise $$\textsf{C}^{1,\alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

smooth surfaces $$\partial \Lambda $$

∂
Λ

.
Platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer: what possibilities?
Authors: Catalano Martina , Lapucci Andrea , Nobili Stefania , De Gennaro Aquino Irene , Vascotto Ismaela Anna , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Villari Donata , Nesi Gabriella , Mini Enrico , Roviello Giandomenico
Published: November 2023

Metastatic prostate cancer is a major health burden worldwide, necessitating the continuous development of effective treatment strategies. Androgen deprivation therapy remains the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment, but novel approaches are needed for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of mutations in DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, in mCRPC patients, rendering them more susceptible to platinum-based chemotherapy and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Platinum-based chemotherapy, particularly in combination with taxanes, has demonstrated encouraging activity in mCRPC, as well as homologous recombination gene alterations have shown increased sensitivity to platinum compounds in these patients. The combination of platinum-based chemotherapy with PARP inhibitors represents a novel and potentially effective therapeutic strategy for this subgroup of patients. However, the optimal sequence of administering these agents and the potential for cross-resistance and cross-toxicities remain areas requiring further investigation. Prospective randomized studies are essential to elucidate the most effective treatment approach for this challenging patient population. This review aims to explore the potential of platinum-based chemotherapy in the context of prostate cancer, and more in detail in homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutated patients. We discuss the synergistic effects of combining platinum compounds with PARP inhibitors and the potential benefits of adopting specific therapeutic sequences.
Added value of the EUSOBI diffusion levels in breast MRI
Authors: Zuiani Chiara , Mansutti Iris , Caronia Guido , Linda Anna , Londero Viviana , Girometti Rossano
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To investigate whether using the diffusion levels (DLs) proposed by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) improves the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 145 women who, between September 2019 and June 2020, underwent breast 1.5-T MRI with DWI. Reader 1 and reader 2 (R1-R2) independently assessed breast lesions using the BI-RADS on dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging and T2-weighted imaging. DWI was subsequently disclosed, allowing readers able to measure lesions ADC and subjectively express the overall risk of malignancy on a 1–5 Likert scale. ADCs were interpreted as a range of values corresponding to the EUSOBI DLs. The analysis evaluated the inter-reader agreement in measuring ADC and DLs, the per-DL malignancy rate, and accuracy for malignancy using ROC analysis against histological examination or a 3-year follow-up.

Results

Lesions were malignant and showed non-mass enhancement in 67.7% and 76.1% of cases, respectively. ADC was measurable in 63.2%/66.7% of lesions (R1/R2), with a minimal discrepancy on Bland–Altman analysis and 0.948 (95%CI 0.925–0.965)/0.989 (95%CI 0.988–0.991) intraclass correlation coefficient in measuring ADC/DLs. The malignancy rate (R1/R2) increased from 0.5/0.5% (“very high” DL) to 96.0/96.8% (“very low” DL), as expected. Likert categorization showed larger areas under the curve than the BI-RADS for both R1 (0.91 versus 0.87; p = 0.0208) and R2 (0.91 versus 0.89; p = 0.1171), with improved specificity (81.5% versus 78.5% for R1 and 84.4% versus 81.2% for R2).

Conclusion

Though ADC was not measurable in about one-third of lesions, DLs were categorized with excellent inter-reader agreement, improving the specificity for malignancy.

Clinical relevance statement

DLs proposed by the EUSOBI are a reproducible tool to interpret the ADC of breast lesions and, in turn, to improve the specificity of breast MRI and reduce unnecessary breast biopsies.

Key Points

• The European Society of Breast Imaging proposed diffusion levels for the interpretation of the apparent diffusion coefficient in diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast.

• Adding diffusion levels to the interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging improved the diagnostic accuracy for breast cancer, especially in terms of specificity.

• Diffusion levels can favor a more widespread and standardized use of diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast.
Medical students’ knowledge on cancer predisposition syndromes and attitude toward eHealth
Authors: Nees Juliane , Struewe Farina , Schott Sarah
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Individuals with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) inherit elevated cancer risks. Medical supply gaps for people at risk of CPS cause insufficient outreach and miss potential benefits of individualized care strategies. Increased awareness of CPS and progress in the eHealth sector are untapped sources of health care improvement for affected individuals.

Methods and results

This study addressed German–speaking medical students with an online questionnaire in respect to their knowledge of CPS, their medical education, and perspectives. The study population (n = 404) reported interest in and knowledge of CPS, supported by a satisfactory and sustainable education for their prospective patient care. The next generation of doctors would implement eHealth to improve medical services. Skepticism about digitization was claimed by students. They were especially concerned about deterioration in the physician–patient relationship, data abuse, dependence on technology, and incorrect diagnoses.

Conclusion

Due to increasing diagnosing of CPS and deeper knowledge, this topic is essential for the curriculum in medical schools. In particular, care providers need know-how on identifying patients at risk for a CPS, certain diagnostic and therapeutic steps, surveillance and prophylactic strategies to improve patients’ outcomes. Education in medical school as well as implemented eHealth seems to have potential to meet this demand in an upcoming era of personalized medicine.

What does this study add to the clinical work.

Medical teaching on cancer predisposition syndromes should be expanded to improve knowledge and individualized and personalized healthcare.
The efflux problem: how hydraulics became divorced from hydrodynamics
Authors: Eckert Michael
Published: November 2023

The efflux problem deals with the outflow of water through an orifice in a vessel, the flow over the crest of a weir and some other ways of discharge. The difficulties to account for such fluid motions in terms of a mathematical theory made it a notorious problem throughout the history of hydraulics and hydrodynamics. The treatment of the efflux problem, therefore, reflects the diverging routes along which hydraulics became an engineering science and hydrodynamics a theoretical science out of touch with applications. By the twentieth century, the presentation of the efflux problem in textbooks on hydraulics had almost nothing in common with that in textbooks on hydrodynamics.
TelePi: an affordable telepathology microscope camera system anyone can build and use
Authors: Youssef Almoatazbellah , Rosenwald Andreas , Rosenfeldt Mathias Tillmann
Published: November 2023

Telepathology facilitates histological diagnoses through sharing expertise between pathologists. However, the associated costs are high and frequently prohibitive, especially in low-resource settings, where telepathology would paradoxically be of paramount importance due to a paucity of pathologists.

We have constructed a telepathology system (TelePi) with a budget of < €120 using the small, single-board computer Raspberry Pi Zero and its High-Quality Camera Module in conjunction with a standard microscope and open-source software. The system requires no maintenance costs or service contracts, has a small footprint, can be moved and shared across several microscopes, and is independent from other computer operating systems. TelePi uses a responsive and high-resolution web-based live stream which allows remote consultation between two or more locations. TelePi can serve as a telepathology system for remote diagnostics of frozen sections. Additionally, it can be used as a standard microscope camera for teaching of medical students and for basic research. The quality of the TelePi system compared favorable to a commercially available telepathology system that exceed its cost by more than 125-fold. Additionally, still images are of publication quality equal to that of a whole slide scanner that costs 800 times more.

In summary, TelePi is an affordable, versatile, and inexpensive camera system that potentially enables telepathology in low-resource settings without sacrificing image quality.
Pediatric AKI in the real world: changing outcomes through education and advocacy—a report from the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) consensus conference
Authors: Mottes Theresa , Menon Shina , Conroy Andrea , Jetton Jennifer , Dolan Kristin , Arikan Ayse Akcan , Basu Rajit K. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Symons Jordan M. , Alobaidi Rashid , Askenazi David J. , Bagshaw Sean M. , Barhight Matthew , Barreto Erin , Bayrakci Benan , Ray O. N. Bignall , Bjornstad Erica , Brophy Patrick , Charlton Jennifer , Chanchlani Rahul , Conroy Andrea L. , Deep Akash , Devarajan Prasad , Fuhrman Dana , Gist Katja M. , Gorga Stephen M. , Greenberg Jason H. , Hasson Denise , Heydari Emma , Iyengar Arpana , Krawczeski Catherine , Meigs Leslie , Morgan Catherine , Morgan Jolyn , Neumayr Tara , Ricci Zaccaria , Selewski David T. , Soranno Danielle , Stanski Natalja , Starr Michelle , Sutherland Scott M. , Symons Jordan , Tavares Marcelo , Vega Molly , Zappitelli Michael , Ronco Claudio , Mehta Ravindra L. , Kellum John , Ostermann Marlies ,   the ADQI 26 workgroup
Published: November 2023

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality across the life course, yet care for AKI remains mostly supportive. Raising awareness of this life-threatening clinical syndrome through education and advocacy efforts is the key to improving patient outcomes. Here, we describe the unique roles education and advocacy play in the care of children with AKI, discuss the importance of customizing educational outreach efforts to individual groups and contexts, and highlight the opportunities created through innovations and partnerships to optimize lifelong health outcomes.

Methods

During the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) consensus conference, a multidisciplinary group of experts discussed the evidence and used a modified Delphi process to achieve consensus on recommendations on AKI research, education, practice, and advocacy in children.

Results

The consensus statements developed in response to three critical questions about the role of education and advocacy in pediatric AKI care are presented here along with a summary of available evidence and recommendations for both clinical care and research.

Conclusions

These consensus statements emphasize that high-quality care for patients with AKI begins in the community with education and awareness campaigns to identify those at risk for AKI. Education is the key across all healthcare and non-healthcare settings to enhance early diagnosis and develop mitigation strategies, thereby improving outcomes for children with AKI. Strong advocacy efforts are essential for implementing these programs and building critical collaborations across all stakeholders and settings.
Prevalence of unmet supportive care needs reported by individuals ever diagnosed with cancer in Australia: a systematic review to support service prioritisation
Authors: Roseleur Jackie , Edney Laura Catherine , Jung Jayda , Karnon Jonathan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Improved health outcomes for individuals ever diagnosed with cancer require comprehensive, coordinated care that addresses their supportive care needs. Implementing interventions to address these is confounded by a lack of evidence on population needs and a large pool of potential interventions. This systematic review estimates the point prevalence of different supportive care needs stratified by the tool used to measure needs and cancer type in Australia.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from 2010 to April 2023 to identify relevant studies published on the prevalence of supportive care needs in Australia.

Results

We identified 35 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The highest prevalent unmet need across all cancers was ‘fear of cancer spreading’ (20.7%) from the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short-Form 34 (SCNS-SF34), ranging from 9.4% for individuals ever diagnosed with haematological cancer to 36.3% for individuals ever diagnosed with gynaecological cancer, and ‘concerns about cancer coming back’ (17.9%) from the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN), ranging from 9.7% for individuals ever diagnosed with prostate cancer to 37.8% for individuals ever diagnosed with breast cancer. Two studies assessed needs in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, reporting the highest needs for financial worries (21.1%).

Conclusions

Point prevalence estimates presented here, combined with estimates of the costs and effects of potential interventions, can be used within economic evaluations to inform evidence-based local service provision to address the supportive care needs of individuals ever diagnosed with cancer.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Local health services can use local evidence to prioritise the implementation of interventions targeted at unmet needs.
Fairness as a Service (FaaS): verifiable and privacy-preserving fairness auditing of machine learning systems
Authors: Toreini Ehsan , Mehrnezhad Maryam , van Moorsel Aad
Published: November 2023

Providing trust in machine learning (ML) systems and their fairness is a socio-technical challenge, and while the use of ML continues to rise, there is lack of adequate processes and governance practices to assure their fairness. In this paper, we propose FaaS, a novel privacy-preserving, end-to-end verifiable solution, that audits the algorithmic fairness of ML systems. FaaS offers several features, which are absent from previous designs. The FAAS protocol is model-agnostic and independent of specific fairness metrics and can be utilised as a service by multiple stakeholders. FAAS uses zero knowledge proofs to assure the well-formedness of the cryptograms and provenance in the steps of the protocol. We implement a proof of concept of the FaaS architecture and protocol using off-the-shelf hardware, software, and datasets and run experiments to demonstrate its practical feasibility and to analyse its performance and scalability. Our experiments confirm that our proposed protocol is scalable to large-scale auditing scenarios (e.g. over 1000 participants) and secure against various attack vectors.
P2 X 7 receptor is a critical regulator of extracellular ATP-induced profibrotic genes expression in rat kidney: implication of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Mounieb Fatma , Abdel-Sattar Somaia A , Balah Amany , Akool El-Sayed
Published: November 2023

This study was designed to investigate the potential of extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) via the P2 X 7 receptor to activate the renal fibrotic processes in rats. The present study demonstrates that administration of ATP rapidly activated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to induce phosphorylation of Smad-2/3. Renal connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA and protein expressions were also increased following ATP administration. A decrease in TGF-β amount in serum as well as renal Smad-2/3 phosphorylation was noticed in animals pre-treated with the specific antagonist of P2 X 7 receptor, A 438,079. In addition, a significant reduction in mRNA and protein expression of CTGF and TIMP-1were also observed in the kidneys of those animals. Collectively, the current findings demonstrate that ATP has the ability to augment TGF-β-mediated Smad-2/3 phosphorylation and enhance the expression of the pro-fibrotic genes, CTGF and TIMP-1, an effect that is largely mediated via P2 X 7 receptor.
Strukturierte Kommunikation als Modus agiler Organisation: Eine Fallstudie zu Gruppenprozessen und Lernen bei einem Finanzdienstleister
Authors: Dick Michael , Kasseck Saskia , Scholz Charlotte , Modrzynski Dominik , Bechstein Jan
Published: November 2023

Die in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation (GIO)“ erschienene Fallbeschreibung zeigt auf, wie strukturierte Feedbackprozesse in Teams eine fachliche und persönliche Weiterentwicklung ermöglichen. Dazu werden die Arbeitsweisen und Teamprozesse eines Start-up-Unternehmens, das IT-basierte Finanzdienstleistungen anbietet, betrachtet. Diese in der Praxis herausgebildeten und stetig weiterentwickelten Formate werden empirisch rekonstruiert und mit dem „Agile Framework“ verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass diese Praktiken den Grundsätzen agilen Arbeitens entsprechen und Bedingungen für ein Lernen im Arbeitsprozess, den Aufbau von Wissen und eine flexible und anpassungsfähige Organisation gewährleisten. Abschließend wird diskutiert, wie Führung und Organisationen vor diesem Hintergrund die gegensätzlichen Anforderungen an Stabilität und Agilität austarieren können.
Symptomatic and preventive medication use according to age and frailty in Australian and Japanese nursing homes
Authors: Liau Shin J. , Hamada Shota , Jadczak Agathe D. , Sakata Nobuo , Lalic Samanta , Tsuchiya-Ito Rumiko , Taguchi Reina , Visvanathan Renuka , Bell J. Simon
Published: November 2023

Objective

To investigate symptomatic and preventive medication use according to age and frailty in Australian and Japanese nursing homes (NHs).

Methods

Secondary cross-sectional analyses of two prospective cohort studies involving 12 Australian NHs and four Japanese NHs. Frailty was measured using the FRAIL-NH scale (non-frail 0–2; frail 3–6; most-frail 7–14). Regular medications were classified as symptomatic or preventive based on published lists and expert consensus. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the prevalence and ratio of symptomatic to preventive medications.

Results

Overall, 550 Australian residents (87.7 ± 7.3 years; 73.3% females) and 333 Japanese residents (86.5 ± 7.0 years; 73.3% females) were included. Australian residents used a higher mean number of medications than Japanese residents (9.8 ± 4.0 vs 7.7 ± 3.7, p < 0.0001). Australian residents used more preventive than symptomatic medications (5.5 ± 2.5 vs 4.3 ± 2.6, p < 0.0001), while Japanese residents used more symptomatic than preventive medications (4.7 ± 2.6 vs 3.0 ± 2.2, p < 0.0001). In Australia, symptomatic medications were more prevalent with increasing frailty (non-frail 3.4 ± 2.6; frail 4.0 ± 2.6; most-frail 4.8 ± 2.6, p < 0.0001) but less prevalent with age (< 80 years 5.0 ± 2.9; 80–89 years 4.4 ± 2.6; ≥ 90 years 3.9 ± 2.5, p = 0.0042); while preventive medications remained similar across age and frailty groups. In Japan, there was no significant difference in the mean number of symptomatic and preventive medications irrespective of age and frailty.

Conclusions

The ratio of symptomatic to preventive medications was higher with increasing frailty but lower with age in Australia; whereas in Japan, the ratio remained consistent across age and frailty groups. Preventive medications remained prevalent in most-frail residents in both cohorts, albeit at lower levels in Japan.
John Colet’s Opus de sacramentis and Clerical Anticlericalism: The Limitations of “Ordinary Wayes”
Authors: Kaufman Peter Iver
Published: November 2023

“I wilnot give my dogge that bred that some prestes doth minister at the Alter when thei be not in clene lyff.” (statement attributed to Elisabeth Sampson, 1509)

How subversively anticlerical was late medieval Catholic reform in England? Were Elisabeth Sampson or perhaps John Wyclif the reformer or malcontent at hand, one might expect scholars rapidly to identify reform with subversion. But if John Colet's name is dropped in the conversation, “reform” will generally take on a different meaning. Son of one of London's most popular mayors, Colet was a pluralist who progressed along the familiar and painstakingly protracted route to the doctorate of theology during the final decade of the fifteenth and the first of the sixteenth century. Along the way he struck up close and lasting friendships with Erasmus, Thomas More, and William Warham. To the last of these, he probably owed his appointment in 1504 as Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral in London where he served until his death in 1519.
The Politics of Polemic: John Ponet's Short Treatise of Politic Power and Contemporary Circumstance 1553-1556
Authors: Peardon Barbara
Published: November 2023

In her biographical note on John Ponet, C. H. Garrett observed that although there was “little good” to be said of him as a man, as a political pamphleteer Ponet had attracted less attention than was his due. Although W. S. Hudson and W. Gordon Zeeveld have remedied this deficiency to a considerable extent, the precise connections between Ponet's Short Treatise of Politic Power and the contemporary situation in England have not been delineated. Much of the strength of this work lies in the fact that it was written as a direct response to events in England and on the Continent. In particular, Ponet's theories regarding the natural rights of subjects stemmed from efforts by the crown in 1555 to remove the right of ownership of private property from those it regarded as delinquents: the Protestant exiles. Ponet elevated the possession of property by private individuals to the status of a right. He went on to examine the basis of regal power and its practical limits and, in arguing the legitimacy of resistance to an unjust ruler, postulated a commonwealth in which a substantial measure of power rested with “the people”.
John Goodwin and the Origins of the New Arminianism
Authors: More Ellen
Published: November 2023

Between the accession of Charles I in 1625 and the restoration of Charles II in 1660 Calvinism lost its hold over English religious life. The effect of Arminianism on this decline has yet to be fully understood. The impact of the early English Arminians, the circle of Archbishop Laud, is, to be sure, well known. Less appreciated is the emergence of an Arminian critique of Calvinism from within the culture of nonconformity. This “radical” or, preferably, “new” Arminianism was a phenomenon of the Cromwellian era, the 1640s and 1650s. By reconstructing the origins of the new Arminianism of its chief exponent, John Goodwin (1595-1666), this essay will try to demonstrate its pivotal place as a link between the Puritanism of the pre-civil war decades and the rational theology of the early English Enlightenment.
The Fall of the Godolphin Ministry
Authors: Roberts Clayton
Published: November 2023

Much has been written about the fall of Robert Harley in 1708, little about the fall of the Godolphin ministry in 1710. Yet a comparison of the two events casts a flood of light upon the nature of politics in the reign of Queen Anne. This is especially true if the historian asks the question: why did Robert Harley succeed in 1710 where he failed in 1708? For succeed he assuredly did in 1710 and fail he certainly did in 1708. On the first occasion he suffered loss of office and humiliation; two years later he drove Godolphin and the Whigs from office bag and baggage.
William Pitt, Taxation, and the Needs of War
Authors: Cooper Richard
Published: November 2023

William Pitt had no desire for a war with France in 1793. While the French had lurched from bankruptcy to revolution to war, he had kept England at peace for a decade and successfully repaired the damage done to government finance by the American War. Such had been Pitt's intention from the start, according to his Cabinet colleague, Lord Grenville, who later wrote that “his views and measures…were in the outset purely oeconomical and pacific. It was his first ambition to restore by moderate and peaceful councils the strength and confidence of his country….” He had no desire to risk either the financial or political equilibrium he had achieved.
Rwanda's Genocide and the Leadership Crisis in the Rwandan Anglican Church
Authors: ZINK JESSE
Published: November 2023

The 1994 Rwandan genocide transformed the leadership of the Anglican Church in a way that mirrored the ethnic divides that had precipitated the genocide itself. This transition was effected through a church conflict that unfolded in the midst of a cataclysmic civil war. Understanding the nature of the conflict and leadership transition illuminates the way in which African church identity is constructed as a result of an interplay between local, regional and global actors. The post-genocide conflict in the diocese of Kigali is studied at particular length to indicate the ways in which these actors each sought position and influence.
A new needle nematode, Longidorus zanjanensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from north-western Iran
Authors: Asgari M. , Eskandari A. , Castillo P. , Palomares-Rius J.E.
Published: November 2023

During a survey of soil nematodes in 2022, a new species of the genus Longidorus, described here as Longidorus zanjanensis sp. nov., was discovered in the rhizosphere of Astragalus sp. in Zanjan Province, Iran. The new needle nematode is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular traits. Further, its females are characterized by having a long body ranging 5.6–7.7 mm long, lip region anteriorly flattened and almost continuous or slightly offset by a depression with body contour, ca 16.5–18.5 μm wide, amphidial fovea pouch-like without basal lobes, guiding ring at 35–41 μm distance from the anterior end, and an odontostyle and odontophore ranging 102–115 and 47–75 μm long, respectively. The pharyngeal bulb is 123–153 μm long, female reproductive system didelphic–amphidelphic containing sperm, vulva almost equatorial, located at 46.7–51.4% of body length, tail short, rounded to bluntly conoid, bearing two pairs of caudal pores and terminus widely rounded with distinct radial lines in hyaline region (39–50 μm long, c = 122.4–189.4, c’ = 0.6–0.8). Males are common, making up to 60% of the adults, and are functional, with spicules 68.0–80.0 μm long, as well as having 8–14 ventromedian copulatory supplements. All four juvenile life developmental stages were present, with the tail of first-stage juvenile conoid shape, dorso-ventrally curved with rounded terminus. The polytomous codes delimiting the new species are: A4-B3-C3-D3-E1-F34-G12-H1-I2-J1-K6. Morphologically, the new species comes close to eight known species of the genus, namely L. apulus, L. armeniacae, L. crassus, L. kheirii, L. soosanae, L. proximus, L. pauli, and L. ferrisi. The morphological differences between the new species and the aforementioned species are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on D2-D3 of large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) rRNA sequences indicate that Longidorus zanjanensis sp. nov. is closely related to L. hyrcanus, L. soosanae, and L. elongatus.
L’é ciaro che se dise cusì. On Change in the System of Expletive Subject Clitics in Opitergino
Authors: ZANINI CHIARA , BATTISTELLA GRETA , GARDANI FRANCESCO
Published: November 2023

Expletive subject clitics (ESCs) are pronominal elements that occur in impersonal contexts with which no individual reference is associated. Their presence strikingly distinguishes northern Italo-Romance varieties from standard Italian. We target this structural incongruence by studying the occurrence of ESCs in present-day Opitergino, a virtually unstudied Venetan variety. We explore the question of whether, in the wake of a profound transformation in the sociolinguistic environment that occurred between the first half of the 20th century and early 2020 years, the contact between Opitergino and now-dominant Italian has induced change in the Opitergino ESC system. To test whether change has occurred and to what extent, we compare the results of an extensive online survey we conducted in 2022 with the baseline rules we extracted from speakers born before 1942. We observe that while the system is overall stable, a thread of change is ongoing and manifests in (a) rule weakening in declaratives and (b) erosion of the obligatoriness of ESCs in interrogatives. We argue that this change is likely to be an effect of contact, resulting in structural convergence but not in loss, and affected the part of the ESC system that features more optionality, namely, the domain of declarative clauses.
Voiced aspirates with mixed voicing in Yemba, a Grassfields Bantu language of Cameroon
Authors: Faytak Matthew , Steffman Jeremy
Published: November 2023

Using electroglottography and acoustic measures, we characterize the strength and quality of voicing in voiced aspirated and unaspirated consonants (stops, fricatives, and approximants) in Yemba (Grassfields Bantu, Cameroon). We show that the Yemba voiced aspirates exhibit mixed voicing: modal voicing during the consonant constriction, but voiceless aspiration after release. Breathy or whispery phonation extends slightly into consonant constrictions preceding, and across the entire duration of vowels following, aspiration; this non-modal phonation extends further into prenasalized consonants. Mixed voicing has typically been excluded from the possible range of laryngeal–supralaryngeal coordinative patterns in consonants, and is thought to be unattested in the world’s languages; most previous work on this topic assumes that non-modal phonation after voiced consonant release is breathy-voiced. However, we argue that Yemba voiced aspirates differ from more commonly studied breathy-release aspirates only in the settings of some gestural parameters: the late glottal spread gesture is larger in magnitude and more resistant to coarticulation, yielding consistently devoiced aspiration which may even be more perceptually recoverable compared to breathiness.
Evaluating preschool linear growth velocities: an interim reference illustrated in Nepal
Authors: Manohar Swetha , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Thorne-Lyman Andrew Lucian , Shrestha Binod , Adhikari Ramesh Kant , KC Angela , Bhattarai Abhigyna , West Keith Parker
Published: November 2023

Objective:

An annualised linear growth velocity (LGV) reference can identify groups of children at risk of growing poorly. As a single velocity reference for all preschool ages does not exist, we present an interim tool, derived from published, normative growth studies, for detecting growth faltering, illustrating its use in Nepali preschoolers.

Design:

The WHO Child Growth Velocity Standard was adapted to derive 12-month increments and conjoined to the Tanner-Whitehouse Height Velocity Reference data yielding contiguous preschool linear growth annualised velocities. Linear restricted cubic spline regressions were fit to generate sex-specific median and standard normal deviate velocities for ages 0 through 59 months. LGV Z-scores (LGVZ) were constructed, and growth faltering was defined as LGVZ < –2.

Setting:

Use of the reference was illustrated with data from Nepal’s Tarai region.

Participants:

Children contributing the existing growth references and a cohort of 4276 Nepali children assessed from 2013 to 2016.

Results:

Fitted, smoothed LGV reference curves displayed monotonically decreasing 12-month LGV, exemplified by male/female annual medians of 26·4/25·3, 12·1/12·7, 9·1/9·4, 7·7/7·8 and 7/7 cm/years, starting at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months, respectively. Applying the referent, 31·1 %, 28·6 % and 29·3 % of Nepali children <6, 6–11 and 12–23 months of age, and ∼6 % of children 24–59 months, exhibited growth faltering. Under 24 months, faltering velocities were more prevalent in girls (34·4 %) than boys (25·3 %) (P < 0·05) but comparable (∼6 %) in older preschoolers.

Conclusions:

A LGV reference, concatenated from extant data, can identify preschool groups at-risk of growth faltering. Application and limitations are discussed.
Addressing equality, diversity and inclusion as part of CBT training: a course evaluation study
Authors: Presley Vickie L.
Published: November 2023

It is widely documented that Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities experience poorer mental health, and have a poorer experience of mental health services. Therapists delivering cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in services such as NHS Talking Therapies Services for Anxiety and Depression, are working with increasingly diverse client groups, but treatment access and recovery rates remain below what they should be compared with the White British population. Previous research indicates that CBT therapists may not receive appropriate training that allows them to develop the skills required to work effectively transculturally. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate a CBT training programme within this context, from the perspective of previous course graduates. Thirty participants took part in an online survey with questions requiring both Likert-scaled answers and free-text responses. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and template analysis were used to analyse the data. The results of the survey were favourable overall for both White British and BAME respondents. Positive areas of practice highlighted included peer learning within a diverse cohort, building awareness of own biases, and reflective learning spaces. Areas of development included increased integration of teaching focused on adapting CBT models for minority groups, diversification of teaching staff, and reducing fear and avoidance of exploring issues related to equality, diversity and inclusion. Tentative implications for improving CBT training course delivery in this context have been offered.

Key learning aims

(1)

To acknowledge the challenges faced by service users from BAME communities in accessing equitable mental health treatment, including cognitive behavioural psychotherapy.

(2)

To consider explanations for why CBT therapists working in NHS services might find it difficult to work effectively transculturally.

(3)

To establish ways in which CBT training programmes might help therapists to embark more successfully on the journey of developing cultural competence, during training and beyond.
Mental health resources and initiatives from European national cycling federations: Insights on policy and practice
Authors: Smith Alexander , Hachen Stefanie , Colangelo Jill , Buadze Anna , Liebrenz Michael
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Cycling can confer public mental health advantages for diverse populations, attenuating stressors and strengthening prosocial engagement. Conversely, competitive conditions in high-performance domains may entail prominent psychiatric risk factors that require bespoke interventions. In other sports, certain national federations have introduced mental health schemes for various target populations. However, the extent to which comparable approaches have been adopted across cycling remains unclear. Methods: We sought to gain broader insights into whether European cycling federations (ECFs) have implemented dedicated programmes around mental health, focussing on N=51 ECFs affiliated with the international regulator, the Union Cycliste Internationale. Initially, a search was conducted of ECF websites. Where apposite materials were unavailable, ECFs were contacted via email and phone. Results: 62% of total ECFs (N=32) were captured in the results. Findings were analysed and coded to three categories, namely: “ECF-level literature or initiatives”, “No ECF-level literature or initiatives”, and “No response”. Based on our interpretation, of these N=32 ECFs, n=7 (22%) highlighted literature and strategies either on their website or during contact phases. The remaining n=25 (78%) ECFs noted no official policies or initiatives. Conclusion: Across included ECFs, there appears to be limited consideration about developing mental health schemes, potentially conditioned by resource constraints or disparate organisational priorities and regulations. For those ECFs with relevant programmes, the majority focussed on high-performance contexts, with less attention towards the relationship between cycling and mental health in broader demographics. Accordingly, evidence from different associations and sports could guide effective, tailored approaches.
Mfap4: a promising target for enhanced liver regeneration and chronic liver disease treatment
Authors: Iakovleva Viktoriia , Wuestefeld Anna , Ong Agnes Bee Leng , Gao Rong , Kaya Neslihan Arife , Lee May Yin , Zhai Weiwei , Tam Wai Leong , Dan Yock Young , Wuestefeld Torsten
Published: November 2023

The liver has a remarkable regenerative capacity. Nevertheless, under chronic liver-damaging conditions, this capacity becomes exhausted, allowing the accumulation of fibrotic tissue and leading to end-stage liver disease. Enhancing the endogenous regenerative capacity by targeting regeneration breaks is an innovative therapeutic approach. We set up an in vivo functional genetic screen to identify such regeneration breaks. As the top hit, we identified Microfibril associated protein 4 (Mfap4). Knockdown of Mfap4 in hepatocytes enhances cell proliferation, accelerates liver regeneration, and attenuates chronic liver disease by reducing liver fibrosis. Targeting Mfap4 modulates several liver regeneration-related pathways including mTOR. Our research opens the way to siRNA-based therapeutics to enhance hepatocyte-based liver regeneration.
Dentinomimetics and cementomimetics of Moringa oleifera leaves extract
Authors: Obeid Raneem F. , Ammar Mohamed M. , Younis Sara H.
Published: November 2023

To evaluate the biomimetic remineralization capabilities of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) extract on coronal dentin and acellular cementum, two different concentrations (50 and 200 mg/ml) of MOL extract loaded in plain varnish (M1 and M2 groups respectively) were compared to fluoride varnish (FL group) and native surface (C group). Eighty sound premolar teeth were collected. Forty teeth (10 teeth in each group) were used for coronal dentin testing while the other forty (10 teeth in each group) were used for acellular cementum testing. Teeth in M1, M2, and FL groups were etched for 30 s and then received the specific varnish treatment. All samples were immersed in artificial saliva for 14 days and then collected, dried, and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Histologically, FL group showed mineral deposition as discrete vesicular granules of various sizes on the surface of both coronal dentin and acellular cementum. Mineral deposition only occurred on some DTs openings while opened tubules remained. The surface of the acellular cementum revealed regular grooves, micro-fissures, and cracks. In the M1 and M2 groups, mineral deposition appeared as a homogenous continuous layer on coronal dentin and acellular cementum. Only a few DTs and cementum fissures were not filled completely. In L.S. sections of the coronal one-third, the DTs appeared almost sealed with varying lengths of mineral deposition. EDX results statistical analysis showed that the M2 group had the highest phosphate ions (P−) and calcium ions (Ca+2) at%. MOL has an extraordinary effect on the remineralization of coronal dentin and acellular cementum. It would have a promising ability to control dentinal hypersensitivity and formation of biomimetic cementum tissue.
Dioxaphosphabicyclooctanes: small caged phosphines from tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine
Authors: Nobbs James D. , Tay Dillon Wei Peng , Yeap Yoon Hui , Tiong Yong Lun , Ye Suming , Aitipamula Srinivasulu , Wang Cun , Cheong Choon Boon , van Meurs Martin
Published: November 2023

The synthesis and coordination chemistry of sterically small caged phosphines, and their applications as ligands in homogeneous catalysis.
Integrated fabrication of CMC@UiO-66–NH2@PEI composite adsorbents for efficient batch and dynamic phosphate capture
Authors: Liu Yuyang , An Qingda , Xiao Zuoyi , Hao Jingai , Dong Xiaoling , Zhu Kairuo , Zhai Shangru , Ha Chang-Sik
Published: November 2023

A separable bio-adsorbent was created through a straightforward cross-linking process, leading to effective capture of phosphate in both static and dynamic aqueous systems.
Production of humic and fulvic acid analogs through the ultrasonication of low-rank lignite coals
Authors: Al-Akbari Redhwan , Manasrah Abdallah D. , Nassar Nashaat N.
Published: November 2023

We present a process utilizing an ultrasonic horn-type reactor for the conversion of lignite-coal into humic and fulvic acid analogs, achieving a 72% yield of humic acid analogs and 92% conversion.
Extreme resilience and dissipation in heterogeneous elasto-plastomeric crystals
Authors: Lee Gisoo , Lee Jaehee , Lee Seunghyeon , Rudykh Stephan , Cho Hansohl
Published: November 2023

We elucidate how the topological connectivity enables the enhancement in the thermodynamically conflicting characteristics of resilience and dissipation in heterogeneous soft crystals under extreme conditions.
Rheology of oligomer melts in the nematic and isotropic states
Authors: Bauman Grant E. , White Timothy J.
Published: November 2023

Parallel plate experiments highlight the different rheological properties of liquid crystalline oligomers in the nematic and isotropic states.