bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Görme Engelli Bireylerin Matematik Eğitiminde İhtiyaçları ve Sorunları: Cebir Kavramları Bağlamında
Authors: AKTAŞ Fatma Nur , ARGÜN Ziya
Published: February 2021

Giriş: Görme yetersizliğine bağlı olmaksızın her öğrencinin cebir öğrenmede güçlükler yaşaması muhtemeldir. Ancak sembol, notasyon ve grafik gibi görsel unsurlara sahip olan cebir, görme engelli bireyler için önemli sınırlılıklar içermektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırma, görme engelli bireylerin matematik öğrenme ve öğretme süreçlerindeki ihtiyaçlarını ve sorunlarını cebirsel kavramlar bağlamında tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Bu çalışma, iç içe geçmiş çoklu durum çalışması deseninde tasarlanmıştır. 12 katılımcı amaçlı örnekleme metodlarından ölçüt örnekleme, maksimum çeşitlilik ve kartopu örnekleme metodları ile belirlenmiştir. Yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve video kaydı ile elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Görme engelli bireylerin matematik eğitimi uygulamalarındaki ihtiyaçlarına ve sorunlarına ilişkin bulgular temalar altında toplanmıştır: Destek ve/veya bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim ihtiyacı, destek eğitim araçlarına ilişkin ihtiyaçlar, matematiğin doğasından kaynaklanan sorunlar, duyuşsal faktörler ve sınavlarda yaşanan sorunlar.Tartışma: Elde edilen ihtiyaçların ve sorunların birbirini tetikleyen ilişkisel bir örüntü oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, elde edilen temaların birbiriyle neden-sonuç ilişkisine dayalı tetikleyici faktörler olduğu söylenebilir.Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sonuçlar matematik eğitimi özelinde ele alınmasına rağmen, büyük çerçevede destek eğitim uygulamalarını ve araçlarını kapsayan ihtiyaçlar elde edilmiştir. Belirlenen temaların her biri matematik eğitimde çözüm bekleyen bir problem olarak ele alınmalıdır. Ayrıca, görme engelli bireylerin değişken, bilinmeyen, denklem ve çözümü, eşitlik, eşitsizlik, fonksiyon kavramlarına dair yanılgılarının ve kavram bilgisinde eksikliklerin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre eğitim uygulamalarını geliştirecek kavram odaklı araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
A Nelder–Mead algorithm-based inverse transient analysis for leak detection and sizing in a single pipe
Authors: Choura Oussama , Capponi Caterina , Meniconi Silvia , Elaoud Sami , Brunone Bruno
Published: February 2021

In this paper the results of an experimental validation of a technique for leak detection in polymeric pipes based on the inverse transient analysis (ITA) are presented. In the proposed ITA the Nelder–Mead algorithm is used as a calibration tool. Experimental tests have been carried out in an intact and leaky high-density polyethylene (HDPE) single pipe installed at the Water Engineering Laboratory (WEL) of the University of Perugia, Italy. Transients have been generated by the fast and complete closure of a valve placed at the downstream end section of the pipe. In the first phase of the calibration procedure, the proposed algorithm has been used to estimate both the viscoelastic parameters of a generalized Kelvin–Voigt model and the unsteady-state friction coefficient, by minimizing the difference between the numerical and experimental results. In the second phase of the procedure, the calibrated model allowed the evaluation of leak size and location with an acceptable accuracy. Precisely, in terms of leak location the relative error was smaller than 5%.
Relationship between general CSR management practices and the development of internal social responsibility
Authors: Licandro Oscar
Published: February 2021

Companies that embrace corporate social responsibility (CSR) tend to adopt certain general practices, such as: establishing social responsibility areas, preparing codes of ethics, publishing social or sustainability reports, joining organizations that promote social responsibility, or starting their own foundations. The question then arises as to whether these general practices actually influence the responsible behavior of companies. This article explores the relationship between the application of these general CSR practices and the level of development of internal social responsibility (ISR). To study this relationship, information was drawn from the system of CSR indicators (CSRI) overseen by the Cristian Association of Business Managers (Asociación Cristiana de Dirigentes de Empresas, a self-evaluation system in which Uruguayan companies participate annually. The CSRI uses 25 indicators to measure the level of ISR development and record the application of eight general CSR practices. After carrying out a review of the literature, the 25 indicators were organized into nine dimensions of ISR: employees’ human rights; informing employees about issues that affect them; occupational health and safety; internal environment; personal and professional development; employment protection; voluntary provision of benefits; union relations; and fair pay. After analyzing the statistical correlation between the application of general CSR practices and the level of development of social responsibility across the nine dimensions, the results indicate the following: three general practices positively correlate with the development of ISR in all its dimensions (including CSR in strategic planning, involving the management team in CSR issues, and joining an organization that promotes CSR); one practice (preparing a code of ethics) correlates with half of the dimensions; and the other four practices (publishing a social or sustainability report, assigning a full-time employee to CSR management, having a CSR team or area, and possessing a foundation) correlate with none or almost none of the dimensions.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Structure, Function, and Physiological Effects:
A Narrative Review
Authors: Rao Sanjana , Pena Camilo , Shurmur Scott , Nugent Kenneth
Published: February 2021

:

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac peptide with multiple physiological effects, including natriuresis, blood pressure regulation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonism. Pre-proANP is synthesized in the atria and must be extensively cleaved by the protease corin to produce the mature 28 amino acid ANP. The downstream signaling pathway of ANP acts through the guanylyl cyclase receptor and the second messenger cGMP. Studies on ANP’s physiological effects have demonstrated its activity on channels present in the apical membrane in the renal nephron, potentially inhibiting or decreasing sodium reabsorption. Recent research has also identified several clinical conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, renal failure, and aging, associated with increased and decreased ANP levels. ANP levels could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of acute stages of heart failure, and ANP infusion could have a role in the management of acute or chronic heart failure.
Phytochemicals from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Skin Extract with Potential for Pharmacological Activity
Authors: Kyei Sampson Kofi , Eke William Iheanyi , Abdul-Karim Hajara , Darko Godfred , Akaranta Onyewuchi
Published: February 2021

Background:

Plant phenolics, commonly present in legumes, leafy vegetables, fruits,
grains are a key source of bioactive nutrients existing as flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, phytosterols,
among others. Peanuts, being crops of high commercial use, undergo processing that generates
voluminous agro-wastes. The waste comprises both the shells and skins, which could be valorized.
Its versatile functionality has encouraged extensive research into peanut skin-derived chemicals
for diverse applications over the past few decades. Peanut skin, however, is ascertained to be
rich in flavonoids, stilbenes (resveratrol), and other phenolic compounds.

Methods:

This review presents the biologically active compounds and pharmacological activities
of peanut skins and their related works over the past few years. Articles carefully chosen from
broad databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Pub Med, SciFinder, among others, were used as
the primary data.

Results:

The bioactive components of peanut skin extracts exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-cancer/anti-tumour, anti-cardiovascular, and anti-diabetes/
obesity activities via in vitro and in vivo models. Besides, their varied biological properties
make them potential precursors for the management of diverse diseases and ailments.
Potential Applications: Phytochemicals from peanut skins could be deployed as antioxidant, antidiabetic
and antimicrobial agents in drugs for the clinical treatment of ailments with extensive clinical
applications.

Conclusion:

The present review covers the chemistry and pharmacological activities of peanut
skin phytochemicals. Our findings in this review substantiate the importance of peanut skin extracts
and their varied potential for the treatment of specific diseases. The results indicate that they
are attractive target compounds for the development of new drugs. We hope that this information
will inform further in vivo studies on the role of peanut skin phenolic compounds in our health.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome: Immunomodulation, Tissue Repair and Effects on Neurodegenerative Conditions
Authors: Zriek Fatima , Di Battista John A. , Alaaeddine Nada
Published: February 2021

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a modern development in therapeutics
for a wide variety of diseases. Secreted paracrine factors constitute the principal components
harboring the restorative promise of MSCs. Recent studies demonstrate that MSC-derived secretomes
are composed of several molecules targeting a variety of biological processes that impact tissue
repair, growth and immunomodulation. Indeed, secretomes interact with immune cells, activating
regulatory anti-inflammatory phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the action of MSC-derived
secretomes in promoting tissue regeneration, opposing the inflammatory response in context-specific
cases, and treating neurodegenerative diseases, resulting from chronic neuroinflammation.
COVID-19 Invades Several Important Organs other than the Lungs: Organs Crosstalk
Authors: Hamed Manal A.
Published: February 2021

In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS- COV-2) had caused outbreaks of pneumonia in Wuhan city, China. It was known as coronavirus infected disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 patients are typically have fever and respiratory syndrome, where the lung is the main target organ affected by this virus. The objective of this review is to monitor and evaluate injuries caused by SARS-COV-2 virus on multiple organs other than lung as gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, heart, ovary, ocular, olfactory, gonad, skin, central nervous system and sense organs. As SARS- COV-2 virus enters host cells via cell receptor angiotensin circulating enzyme-2 (ACE2), so it is important to identify the main target cells attacked by SARS- COV-2 virus through comparing the ACE2 expression and viral upload in different organs. In conclusion, explore the definite role of body organs in manifestation of COVID-19 infection and crosstalk between different organs are good tools to find any correlation between disease severity and organs dysfunction, exact prognosis, disease prevention measures, clinical care and treatment strategies.
The degree of satisfaction of preparatory year students regarding academic guidance services at prince Sattam bin Abdul-Aziz university: A case study
Authors:   Community College, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, Almekhlafi Abdul-Wasea Abdul-Ghani , Alashaari Galal Abdulqader Ahmed ,   College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2021

The focus of this study is to examine the students’ degree of satisfaction towards the academic counseling or guidance services during the preparatory year at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University for the academic year 2020-2021 and report the difference, if any, in the level of this satisfaction based on the difference of the students’ gender. This study used a self-administered survey as an instrument for data collection. The final sample consists of 440 students in Medical and Engineering Colleges. We find that there is a moderate level of satisfaction towards the services of academic guidance offered to the students. In addition, we find that there is a significant difference in the level of satisfaction towards the services of academic guidance by the gender at 5% level. The findings of this study are important for policymakers at the university and college levels. This study suggests that the colleges should increase their academic guidance services offered to students during their studying the preparatory year. Moreover, unifying the level of academic guidance services provided to both male and female sections in a manner to achieve the quality of this service provided to male and female students.
Veículo Autônomo: Uma Visão Geral da Produção Científica baseada na Análise Bibliométrica
Authors: Basilio Romano Amanda , Gonzales Taco Pastor
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar o estado da arte dos estudos sobre Veículos Autônomos (AV), considerando o desenvolvimento do assunto e suas linhas de pesquisa, utilizando uma Revisão Bibliométrica nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Nos clusters, gerados pelo acoplamento bibliográfico, destacam-se duas linhas de pesquisa, focadas nos aspectos tecnológicos e nos aspectos sociais e comportamentais da aceitabilidade da AV. Em relação aos países, Estados Unidos, Alemanha e China lideram o número de publicações referentes a VA nas duas bases.
Factors Influencing the Utilization of Childbirth Services in Health Care Facilities at UPTD Anggaberi Health Service Center, Konawe District
Authors: Wuryani Murti , Evayanti Arni
Published: February 2021

The childbirth coverage in health facilities (PF) at UPTD Anggaberi Public Health Center  in 2017 has reached 72.6%, and increased in 2018 by 76.18%. At district level, the PF indicator at UPTD Anggaberi Public Health Center  has exceeded the target in Konawe District by 59,37%, however but the 80% target achievement of PF at the UPTD Anggaberi Public Health Center  has not been achieved6. Seeing this, the coverage of PF at the UPTD Anggaberi Public Health Center , there are still labors that are not performed in health facilities, so that it can affect the achievement of PF at the UPTD Anggaberi Public Health Center , Konawe District. The aim of the study was to analyze factors that influence utilization of health care facilities at the UPTD Anggaberi Public Health Center. This research is an analytical study with a cross sectional approach. The research instrument used was a structured questionnaire on the factors that affect the utilization of labor service in health care facilities. The number of samples was 51 women who had labor at the Anggaberi Health Center. Bivariate analysis was done with chi square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test. The results showed the six factors (education (p = 0.041) and work (p = 0.019) family income (p = 0.041) and accessibility (p = 0.021) husband support (p = 0.011) and health personnel support (p = 0.011) ) on the use of childbirth services in health care facilities at the UPTD Anggaberi Public Health Center , Konawe District. The multivariate results show that all independent variables in this study have a significance limit of p-value ≤ 0.25, so it can be concluded that there is an influence among each independent variable (education, occupation, income, accessibility, husband's support and support of health workers) with the dependent variable. (utilization of childbirth services in health service facilities). Health care centers are expected to improve the partnership with traditional midwife (dukun beranak) within their work area so that the dukun can become well trained and they can collaborate in every childbirth
Buenas prácticas en el cultivo de caña de azúcar y la producción de miel y panela en el marco de la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Prada Forero Luz Esperanza , Deantonio-Florido Leidy Yibeth , Barona Rodríguez Ayda Fernanda , Plazas Ordoñez Mónica Idali , López-González Ximena
Published: February 2021

Dado el estado de emergencia sanitaria declarado en nuestro país desde el 25 de marzo de 2020, para AGROSAVIA es importante aportar en la divulgación y el cuidado de los productores y consumidores de este renglón agrícola. Para hacerlo se presenta esta cartilla, basada en los lineamientos generales de las resoluciones 666 del 24 de abril y 796 del 20 de mayo de 2020, emitidas por del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Aquí se exponen una serie de recomendaciones sencillas y de fácil implementación en el cultivo y durante el procesamiento de la caña para la producción de miel o panela a fin de prevenir el contagio de la COVID-19, las cuales incluyen el conocimiento básico del coronavirus, medidas administrativas, nuevas prácticas para el trabajador y buenas prácticas para el desarrollo de las labores de cultivo y de producción de miel y panela.
Using Tweets to Understand How COVID-19–Related Health Beliefs Are Affected in the Age of Social Media: Twitter Data Analysis Study
Authors: Wang Hanyin , Li Yikuan , Hutch Meghan , Naidech Andrew , Luo Yuan
Published: February 2021

Background

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (ie, COVID-19) has given rise to a global pandemic affecting 215 countries and over 40 million people as of October 2020. Meanwhile, we are also experiencing an infodemic induced by the overabundance of information, some accurate and some inaccurate, spreading rapidly across social media platforms. Social media has arguably shifted the information acquisition and dissemination of a considerably large population of internet users toward higher interactivities.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate COVID-19-related health beliefs on one of the mainstream social media platforms, Twitter, as well as potential impacting factors associated with fluctuations in health beliefs on social media.

Methods

We used COVID-19-related posts from the mainstream social media platform Twitter to monitor health beliefs. A total of 92,687,660 tweets corresponding to 8,967,986 unique users from January 6 to June 21, 2020, were retrieved. To quantify health beliefs, we employed the health belief model (HBM) with four core constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. We utilized natural language processing and machine learning techniques to automate the process of judging the conformity of each tweet with each of the four HBM constructs. A total of 5000 tweets were manually annotated for training the machine learning architectures.

Results

The machine learning classifiers yielded areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves over 0.86 for the classification of all four HBM constructs. Our analyses revealed a basic reproduction number R0 of 7.62 for trends in the number of Twitter users posting health belief–related content over the study period. The fluctuations in the number of health belief–related tweets could reflect dynamics in case and death statistics, systematic interventions, and public events. Specifically, we observed that scientific events, such as scientific publications, and nonscientific events, such as politicians’ speeches, were comparable in their ability to influence health belief trends on social media through a Kruskal-Wallis test (P=.78 and P=.92 for perceived benefits and perceived barriers, respectively).

Conclusions

As an analogy of the classic epidemiology model where an infection is considered to be spreading in a population with an R0 greater than 1, we found that the number of users tweeting about COVID-19 health beliefs was amplifying in an epidemic manner and could partially intensify the infodemic. It is “unhealthy” that both scientific and nonscientific events constitute no disparity in impacting the health belief trends on Twitter, since nonscientific events, such as politicians’ speeches, might not be endorsed by substantial evidence and could sometimes be misleading.
Hidden Variables in Deep Learning Digital Pathology and Their Potential to Cause Batch Effects: Prediction Model Study (Preprint)
Authors: Schmitt Max , Maron Roman Christoph , Hekler Achim , Stenzinger Albrecht , Hauschild Axel , Weichenthal Michael , Tiemann Markus , Krahl Dieter , Kutzner Heinz , Utikal Jochen Sven , Haferkamp Sebastian , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Klauschen Frederick , Krieghoff-Henning Eva , Fröhling Stefan , von Kalle Christof , Brinker Titus Josef
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

An increasing number of studies within digital pathology show the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to diagnose cancer using histological whole slide images, which requires large and diverse data sets. While diversification may result in more generalizable AI-based systems, it can also introduce hidden variables. If neural networks are able to distinguish/learn hidden variables, these variables can introduce batch effects that compromise the accuracy of classification systems.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to analyze the learnability of an exemplary selection of hidden variables (patient age, slide preparation date, slide origin, and scanner type) that are commonly found in whole slide image data sets in digital pathology and could create batch effects.

METHODS

We trained four separate convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn four variables using a data set of digitized whole slide melanoma images from five different institutes. For robustness, each CNN training and evaluation run was repeated multiple times, and a variable was only considered learnable if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of its mean balanced accuracy was above 50.0%.

RESULTS

A mean balanced accuracy above 50.0% was achieved for all four tasks, even when considering the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval. Performance between tasks showed wide variation, ranging from 56.1% (slide preparation date) to 100% (slide origin).

CONCLUSIONS

Because all of the analyzed hidden variables are learnable, they have the potential to create batch effects in dermatopathology data sets, which negatively affect AI-based classification systems. Practitioners should be aware of these and similar pitfalls when developing and evaluating such systems and address these and potentially other batch effect variables in their data sets through sufficient data set stratification.
Peer Review of “Evaluating Population Density as a Parameter for Optimizing COVID-19 Testing: Statistical Analysis” (Preprint)
Authors: Allam Ayman A
Published: February 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report.
Availability, Formulation, Labeling, and Price of Low-sodium Salt Worldwide: Environmental Scan (Preprint)
Authors: Yin Xuejun , Liu Hueiming , Webster Jacqui , Trieu Kathy , Huffman Mark D , Miranda J Jaime , Marklund Matti , Wu Jason H Y , Cobb Laura K , Li Ka Chun , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Neal Bruce , Tian Maoyi
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Regular salt is about 100% sodium chloride. Low-sodium salts have reduced sodium chloride content, most commonly through substitution with potassium chloride. Low-sodium salts have a potential role in reducing the population's sodium intake levels and blood pressure, but their availability in the global market is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to assess the availability, formulation, labeling, and price of low-sodium salts currently available to consumers worldwide.

METHODS

Low-sodium salts were identified through a systematic literature review, Google search, online shopping site searches, and inquiry of key informants. The keywords “salt substitute,” “low-sodium salt,” “potassium salt,” “mineral salt,” and “sodium reduced salt” in six official languages of the United Nations were used for the search. Information about the brand, formula, labeling, and price was extracted and analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 87 low-sodium salts were available in 47 out of 195 (24%) countries worldwide, including 28 high-income countries, 13 upper-middle-income countries, and 6 lower-middle-income countries. The proportion of sodium chloride varied from 0% (sodium-free) to 88% (as percent of weight; regular salt is 100% sodium chloride). Potassium chloride was the most frequent component with levels ranging from 0% to 100% (potassium chloride salt). A total of 43 (49%) low-sodium salts had labels with the potential health risks, and 33 (38%) had labels with the potential health benefits. The median price of low-sodium salts in high-income, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income countries was US $15.00/kg (IQR 6.4-22.5), US $2.70/kg (IQR 1.7-5.5), and US $2.90/kg (IQR 0.50-22.2), respectively. The price of low-sodium salts was between 1.1 and 14.6 times that of regular salts.

CONCLUSIONS

Low-sodium salts are not widely available and are commonly more expensive than regular salts. Policies that promote the availability, affordability, and labeling of low-sodium salts should increase uptake, helping populations reduce blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular diseases.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1111/jch.14054
Initial Outcomes of Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Tailored to Public Safety Personnel: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hadjistavropoulos Heather D , McCall Hugh C , Thiessen David L , Huang Ziyin , Carleton R Nicholas , Dear Blake F , Titov Nickolai
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Canadian public safety personnel (PSP) experience high rates of mental health disorders and face many barriers to treatment. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) overcomes many such barriers, and is effective for treating depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

This study was designed to fill a gap in the literature regarding the use of ICBT tailored specifically for PSP. We examined the effectiveness of a tailored ICBT program for treating depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms among PSP in the province of Saskatchewan.

METHODS

We employed a longitudinal single-group open-trial design (N=83) with outcome measures administered at screening and at 8 weeks posttreatment. Data were collected between December 5, 2019 and September 11, 2020. Primary outcomes included changes in depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Secondary outcomes included changes in functional impairment; symptoms of panic, social anxiety, and anger; as well as treatment satisfaction, working alliance, and program usage patterns.

RESULTS

Clients reported large symptom reductions on measures of depression and anxiety, as well as moderate reductions on measures of PTSD and secondary symptoms, except for social anxiety. Most clients who reported symptoms above clinical cut-offs on measures of depression, anxiety, and PTSD during screening experienced clinically significant symptom reductions. Results suggested good engagement, treatment satisfaction, and working alliance.

CONCLUSIONS

Tailored, transdiagnostic ICBT demonstrated promising outcomes as a treatment for depression, anxiety, and PTSD among Saskatchewan PSP and warrants further investigation.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04127032; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04127032
The role of Science Literacy, Trust, and Impulsivity on Adherence to COVID-19 Recommendations: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Vargas Perla Amalia , Lee Nicole M , Barclay Scott
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

To slow down transmission and prevent deaths in the face of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the public needs to adhere to recommendations to limit exposure and the spread of the disease. There is emerging evidence that television viewership choices and partisanship are associated to adherence to COVID-19 -related preventive recommendations. On the other hand, some suggest that believing fake news may be due to impulsivity or a lack of thinking rather than partisanship.

OBJECTIVE

To test whether 1) individuals with high levels of impulsivity will be less likely to adhere to COVID-19 recommendations; and 2) if the odds of adhering to the recommendations will be higher for those with positive attitudes toward science, higher levels of science literacy, and COVID-19 knowledge, who get their news from scientific/reliable sources.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey administered via Qualtrics (Provo, UT). COVID-related survey items were extracted from recent COVID-19 studies. Respondents completed assessments on impulsiveness, perception of scientists and science literacy. selected their common sources of information including conservative and liberal media (e.g., Fox News or One America News Network – OANN and MSNBC or CNN). The sample was recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and from the student population of a large university in the southwestern U.S. After removing incomplete responses, the final sample included 1223 cases.

RESULTS

Consistent with previous reports, compared to respondents who got their News from sources other than Fox News or OANN, those who reported Fox News or OANN as their main source of information had significantly lower scores of COVID-19 knowledge. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that impulsivity was associated with adherence: high scores was associated to adherence failure while low scores were associated to perfect adherence. COVID-19 knowledge and trust in scientists showed the same significant associations: high knowledge scores were associated to perfect adherence and low to failure. Contrary to our hypothesis, Science Literacy did not predict adherence. Finally, race was also significantly associated with adherence: being white was associated to adherence failure while being non-white predicted perfect adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

To increase voluntary adherence to COVID-19 measures, it is critical to implement public health campaigns that foster trust in authorities –Republican and Democrat-- and leverage trustworthy individuals in the community to disseminate information. For individuals with high levels of impulsivity, environmental restructuring, and/or nudging may be necessary to increase adherence to preventive recommendations.
How Educational Leaders Can Initiate Mentoring Relationships to Support Their Newest Faculty Members
Authors: Sorbet Stefanie , Kohler-Evans Patricia
Published: February 2021

The number of teachers who enter and exit the field of education within their first five years in the profession is said to be near 40-50 percent (Ingersoll, 2012). First-year public school teacher attrition rates have increased from 21.4% in 1988 to 28.5% in 2004 (Ingersoll & Merrill, 2010). At a time when the number of new teachers exiting the profession within the first five years is 40-50 percent (Ingersoll, 2012), something must be done to support new teachers so they can remain and become successful in their field. Research suggests that students who receive instruction from high quality teachers are more likely to show academic gains. How can students get what they need if teacher turnover is so alarmingly high? Teachers need ongoing and job-embedded support to remain in this challenging profession. By combining the two powerful approaches of mentoring and coaching, educational leaders can foster reciprocal relationships between novice and seasoned teachers while increasing the likelihood that the rates of teacher retention could improve dramatically. Schools with mentoring programs in place reported greater new teacher retention rates as compared to those schools without mentoring programs in place (Di Carlo, 2015).
POLICY-LEGAL INSTRUMENTS OF INDIRECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Šogorov Vučković Jelena
Published: February 2021

Effective environmental protection cannot be imagined without direct management of such protection by state authorities through legal prohibitions and orders, permits, approvals and exemptions, mandatory notifications, control, and repression measures of the state administration, etc. Yet, in modern environmental systems, instruments of indirect influence on the addressees of norms are gaining increasing importance, with the aim of influencing their desirable behaviour through citizens’ awareness. Such instruments are used by law primarily in the field of prevention, with the aim of preventing environmental damage. When using indirect means, the state appeals to the addressees to act appropriately to protect the environment, but without forcibly sanctioning behaviour, if that appeals are not accepted. This paper analyses the nature of indirect instruments, such as public information, economic incentives of the classical and modern types, as well as environmental agreements, with an indication of their role and importance in modern environmental systems.
SPACE AND PLACE OF THE BALKANS: A GEOCRITICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Lazarevic Radak Sanja
Published: February 2021

The literature that explores the representations of the Balkans is based on the assumption that the Balkans were constructed, imagined or invented. This claim is usually accompanied by the attempts to highlight the discrepancy between physical and imaginary geography and to point out the gap in semantics between the Balkan Peninsula and the Balkans. While the first one functions as physical geography, the other one refers to a place populated by representations, rather than people. Following the trend of linguistic and spatial turn, they hold the binary logic that insists upon the duality of the spatial. Some of the most important studies in this field can be read and interpreted as another in a series of texts about the Balkans. Thus, the aim of this paper is to: 1. Point out the places and passages where academic discourse on the Balkans separate physical and symbolic geography; 2. Highlight the political implications of this approach; 3. Suggest a geocritical aim that provides a sort of ballance between the material geography („real“) and imaginary spaces.
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND THE RIGHT TO RESPECT FOR PRIVATE LIFE
Authors: Ilic Goran
Published: February 2021

The paper analyzes the relationship between freedom of expression and the right to respect for honour and reputation. It was pointed out the importance that is given to freedom of expression nowadays, and it was especially considered the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. On that occasion, the difference that exists between public and private personalities was pointed out, as well as the doubts that may arise from the distinction between factual statements and value judgments. When it comes to the right to privacy, the author referred to the importance of honour and reputation, and on that occasion reminded of the “double” presence of these values. In one case it is Art. 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in another the case law of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the meaning of the term of the right to privacy from Art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Solutions in domestic law and case law are analyzed, and special attention is paid to one case in which the relationship between freedom of expression and violation of honor and reputation was discussed. The specificity of this situation is reflected, inter alia, in the fact that we are talking about university professors.
The author used the normative, comparative and historical method when writing the paper.
THE INFLUENCE OF POPULISM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-STATE ACTORS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Czub Jarosław Filip
Published: February 2021

The article assesses the impact of populism on the functioning of non-state actors in the European Union.The main aim of this paper is to verify whether populism has had an impact on the functioning of non-state actors in the European Union. The article focuses onthe non-state actors involved in European and country-level lobbying. The article also attempts to determine the place of non-state actors within the institutional system of the European Union in the context of the rise of populism in European Member States. In addition to its theoretical dimensions, the paper offers a practical approach to the functioning of non-state actors against the backdrop of populism, which has been developing in recent years in the European Union. This rising populism has had a significant impact on sectoral and non-sectoral non-state actors in eachof the member states of the European Union.
MEDIA USE AND HAPPINESS IN SERBIA
Authors: Bojić LJubiša , Pavlović Maja
Published: February 2021

The Annual Attitude Examination Survey consisting of 366 questions was deployed on nationally representative sample in Serbia to get 2608 responses on the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Multiple Lickert scale questions concerning attitudes, fears, media use and closeness of different social categories to the participants. Research results confirm all hypotheses. Quantity of television use is negatively correlated to happiness. As for the quality of newspapers use, those consuming contents such as culture, sports and IT are happier than others. When looking at television use, individuals that prefer programs such as cartoons, culture, music, fashion, science, IT and sports are happier than others. This is the first research examining relationship of happiness and quality of media use. Future research should encompass data from online social networks in order to see how positive and negative emotions of media users are related to media content they are exposed to.
A CASE STUDY OF REPORTING OF NEWSPAPER BH DANI DURING THE WAR IN BOSNIA
Authors: Mladenovic Ivica , Kaurin Dragoljub
Published: February 2021

The key idea of this article is to present a case study of reporting of newspaper BH Dani that were battling the dominant ethno-nationalist style of reporting. Methodologically speaking, this project uses content analysis and the process of developing and grouping the ideas is very important. War in Bosnia is the societal and political context of this research. A number of key authors that theorized the idea of propaganda and media influence on thinking and attitudes as well as persuasion is introduced to the reader in the first part of the article. The case study goes on to show how articles in BH Dani explored cases of intolerance of Bosnian government and war forces, their war atrocities and displayed writings where the war situation is presented objectively. The article is then concluded with the recapitulation of key ideas and also its contribution to knowledge is discussed.
NIKLAS LUHMANN’S SOCIAL SYSTEMS THEORY: THE ISSUE OF SUBSYSTEM AUTONOMY
Authors: Djuric Milorad , Stojanovic Djordje
Published: February 2021

Niklas Luhmann articulates the basic elements of his authentic theoretical position as criticism of, as he calls them, classical sociology or classical organisation theory. While within these orientations, (social) systems are mainly interpreted as centralised entities whose structures are stabilised by purpose determined at the top, Luhmann, in his general theory of social systems privileges internal differentiation in which subsystems autonomously define their purposes, making society more flexible and capable of responding to environmental challenges. In that sense, the main intention of this paper is the creation of cognitive interest for the notions of complexity and flexibility, i.e. for the issue of subsystem autonomy, as the important elements of Luhmann’s general theory of social systems. Our premise is that the establishment of subsystem autonomy is not a matter of mere, a priori, theoretical and/or practical arbitrariness, nor does it mean an introduction into deconstruction of the system, but it represents a necessary step in the creation of successful responses of the social system to problems arising from the immense and dynamic complexity of its own environment. In other words, through the process of internal differentiation, by establishing subsystem autonomy, the social system increases its own complexity, i.e. ability to adjust to the environment. Thus, challenges arising from the environment are not transferred to the whole, but localised and processed in the appropriate, autonomous parts of the system. By so increasing its internal complexity, the system undeniably acquires the necessary flexibility, or capability for a faster and more efficient creation of alternative.
Issues related to the cessation of special production in chemical plants
Authors: Kaczorowski Michał , Prasuła Piotr , Kasprzak Piotr
Published: February 2021

Changes in ownership, changes in technology, unprofitable production and other causes, force manufacturers to cease production of explosives in chemical plants. This process is well-controlled in some plants, and abrupt in others, without proper control or the required safety measures. Frequently, plants used previously for the production of explosives and explosive compositions change production or are retrofitted without prior cleaning or, after ceasing production, are left without appropriate supervision which may lead to serious or even fatal accidents. The issues of cessation of special production are discussed using examples.
PROTECTION OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION AS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Sulistyo Al Qodar Purwo , Yustinianingtyas Levina
Published: February 2021

Legal research aims to solve the problems that arise in connection with the application of the principle of distinction (distinction principle) in terms of the protection of civilians in international armed conflict between Israel and the Palestinians. The object of study in legal research is devoted to applying the principle of distinction against the civilian population as a victim of war under international humanitarian law in armed conflict international. To solve these problems, they need to be supported by the data in the form of legal material.  The data was obtained through the study of literature and via the Internet. From this legal research to achieve results that provide answers to the problems that exist, the Israeli aggression on Palestine has violated international humanitarian law provisions and has caused misery for the Palestinian population. As a result of these actions, the Israelis may be subject to liability in the form of sanctions or punishment according to international humanitarian law provisions applicable in the international community
THE LEGAL STANDING & INHERITANCE RIGHTS FOR OUT-OF-WEDLOCK CHILD IN RELATION TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT'S DECISION IN TERMS OF CIVIL INHERITANCE LAW
Authors: Cholis Arinie Sherlita
Published: February 2021

The problems regarding the legal standing of an out-of-wedlock child that demands inheritance rights from both biological parents. The purpose of this thesis are to find out about the legal standing regarding the relationship between out-of-wedlock children and how the inheritance rights of an out-of-wedlock child in the distribution of inheritance by both biological parents are related to the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 in terms of civil inheritance law. The type of research used in this journal is Normative Juridical. The problem approaches used in writing this paper are the Statutory Approach and the Conceptual Approach. The legal material used is primary legal material and secondary legal material. This research of the problem after the Constitutional Court's Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 can be concluded that the out-of-wedlock child has not only a civil relationship with his mother but also with his biological father if he/she can prove it with science and technology and in inheritance issues, the child out of wedlock in terms of civil law must be recognized by his biological father so that he/she can become an heir, but with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010, the out-of-wedlock child can get not only a share of the inheritance from his mother who is without recognition but also inheritance from his/her biological father if it is proven to have a civil relationship as evidenced by science and technology
Studies on antioxidant activity of red, white, and black pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract using DPPH radical scavenging method
Authors: Chasanah Uswatun
Published: February 2021

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has high antioxidant activity. In Indonesia, there are red pomegranate, white pomegranate, and black pomegranate. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of red pomegranate peel extract, white pomegranate peel extract, and black pomegranate peel extract. The extracts prepared by ultrasonic maceration in 96% ethanol, then evaporated until thick extract was obtained and its antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method. This study showed that all pomegranate peel extract varieties have potent antioxidant activity and the black pomegranate peel extract has the highest antioxidant power.
PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN USAHA PADA UKM SEPATU BERSIH DI MALANG
Authors: Zubaidah Siti . , Kholmi Masiyah
Published: February 2021

This service was carried out in the clean shoe business group. The purpose of this service is to form / develop a group of people as prospective entrepreneurs who are economically independent with a specific target to be achieved is to provide assistance in business management, especially in the bookkeeping and sales system of UKM Clean Shoes in Malang. The partner in this service is UKM "Clean Shoes". Clean shoes is a brand of premium shoes treatment service provider that has been engaged in Malang since May 2014. The services offered include fast clean, deep clean, unionization, women care, recolour upper, recolour midsole, reglue, shoes sanitizer, customeshoe , and pick up delivery.               The main problem of SMEs and agreed to be resolved first is that there is no good bookkeeping and sales system, The method used in solving partner problems is providing assistance and tutorials on bookkeeping and sales systems.  Keywords: bookkeeping, business management, System of sales.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM BASED ON LOCAL ECONOMIC IN PUJON KIDUL VILLAGE
Authors: LERTSIRISAKULCHAI NUTTAPOL - , Songthan Kaewketsaya , Muangmontre Pannipa , Febriyanti Atika Dwi , Romadhon Ach. Apriyanto
Published: February 2021

The development of Tourism based on local economic is very important, and in many regions with unique physical characteristics that are rich in natural resources which can be further developed to be a popular tourist destination and able to stimulate the local economy such as together The purpose of this research is to find the development of tourism based on local economic in Pujon Kidul village and to find any problems and obstacles in local economic development of local government including the well-being of the community. The main problem that may be a deterrent to development is human resources from the community, because most people in the community There is still relatively little participation in community activities, including the interest in development. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method, including secondary data and data collection from interviews. There is a descriptive description. Tourism development is based on the local economy, with an emphasis on management in two principles, agriculture and animal husbandry, from the results of this study it can be concluded that an important step in the development of local economy-based tourism is territorial diagnosis and institutional mapping, the process of growing sensitivity, and creating a local forum / regionally. The implementation of these three steps can be said to have been successfully implemented in Pujon Kidul village.Therefore, the study concludes that local economic development and the identification of obstacles to self-government, including what can be resolved quickly, make tourism development more efficient and lead to the fact that local people Can make money To the community for a better quality of life and well-being.