bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The eternal return of the Praia de Iracema
Authors: Sales Ana Paula Luna
Published: January 2021

Abstract The purpose of this article is to trace the paths of “destruction” of the Praia de Iracema, in Fortaleza, which have been documented from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. It is inspired on my own ethnographic study conducted between 2015 and 2017 with transnational missionary projects that confront “sexual crimes” in Fortaleza. The article examines the dual process of selective use of scientific epistemology and the brutal crushing of other epistemologies in their relation with the recurring endings of the Praia de Iracema. Crossing knowledge from anthropology, geology, history, politics, and physics, I sought to perceive how the entanglements of agencies between humans and non-humans generate the eternal return of the Praia de Iracema, bringing to light the irrational rationalities of humanist times.
Ensinar competências não técnicas para atendimentos de emergência: percepções de professores médicos
Authors: Rey Ruan Romualdo , Pereira Anna Cinthia Tobias , Rosa Kamila Rangel , Oliveira Mayara De Abreu , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite , Lima Rogério Silva
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Introdução: As situações de emergência requerem ações e decisões rápidas por parte do médico, que deve articular competências técnicas, como o conhecimento e as habilidades clínicas, para o diagnóstico, e não técnicas, como a liderança e o trabalho em equipe, para proporcionar a assistência segura. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções dos professores médicos sobre o ensino das competências não técnicas para o atendimento de situações de emergência, no contexto de um curso de graduação em Medicina. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, desenvolvida com 24 professores médicos de um curso de Medicina em fase de implantação. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, com uso de roteiro semiestruturado, gravadas em áudio, com o consentimento dos participantes. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se análise temática. Resultados: A análise das entrevistas possibilitou a construção de dois temas: “Ensinar urgência e emergência: uma reprodução de procedimentos” e “A transição de racionalidades no ensino das competências não técnicas para atendimentos de emergência”, com os subtemas, “Competência não técnica: por mais que eu ensine você não vai aprender” e “É possível desenvolver as competências não técnicas”. Conclusões: No grupo estudado, sobressai a visão tecnicista, em que se enfatiza o ensino técnico-procedimental para assistência às situações de emergência. Entretanto, coexistem diferentes concepções de ensinar e aprender, indicando uma transição de racionalidades que perpassa o entendimento dos professores. Ressalta-se a necessidade de propostas de desenvolvimento permanente do corpo docente que possibilitem repensar criticamente as concepções de aprendizagem no campo das emergências, sobretudo no âmbito dos novos cursos de graduação em Medicina.
Orofacial myofunctional changes and electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oris muscle in trombonists
Authors: Moura Ana Paula Arruda de , Lima Jully Anne Soares de , Amarante Eduarda de Lima , Almeida Larissa Nadjara Alves , Pessoa Luciane Spinelli de Figueirêdo , Pernambuco Leandro de Araújo , Alves Giorvan Ânderson dos Santos
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze whether trombonists present orofacial myofunctional changes and compare the electrical activity of the orbicularis oris muscle before and after playing their instrument. Methods: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 20 university trombonists. Data collection involved three steps: application of a questionnaire investigating some peculiarities of trombonists (Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Expanded Scores - OMES-E), and electromyographic analysis of the orbicularis oris muscle before and after performing a piece with the trombone. The mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were calculated, and the paired Student’s t test was used to compare the means of the electromyographic records before and after playing the trombone, at a 5% significance. Results: seventy per cent of trombonists reported some symptom of orofacial myofunctional alteration, namely, muscle compensations, tension, and pain. The myofunctional evaluation showed a mild change in cheek volume (90%) and labial commissure asymmetry (60%). The electrical activity of the lower orbicularis oris muscle decreased significantly after the trombone practice (p = 0.04), while that of the superior orbicularis oris muscle remained unchanged. Conclusion:trombonists show clinical and self-reported oromyofunctional changes as well as decreased electrical activity of the lower orbicularis oris muscle, after playing the trombone.
Modulation rate and age effect on intermittent speech recognition
Authors: Silva Rayane Ferreira da , Advíncula Karina Paes , Gonçalves Priscila Aliança , Leite Gabrielle Araújo , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo , Griz Silvana Maria Sobral , Menezes Denise Costa
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the auditory recognition of intermittent speech in relation to different modulation rates and ages. Methods: 20 young people, 20 middle-aged adults, and 16 older adults, all of them with auditory thresholds equal to or lower than 25 dB HL up to the frequency of 4000 Hz. The participants were submitted to intermittent speech recognition tests presented in three modulation conditions: 4 Hz, 10 Hz, and 64 Hz. The percentages of correct answers were compared between age groups and modulation rates. ANOVA and post hoc tests were conducted to investigate the modulation rate effect, and the mixed linear regression model (p < 0.001). Results: regarding the age effect, the data showed a significant difference between young people and older adults, and between middle-aged and older adults. As for the modulation rate effect, the indexes of correct answers were significantly lower at the slower rate (4 Hz) in the three age groups. Conclusion: an age effect was verified on intermittent speech recognition: older adults have greater difficulty. A modulation rate effect was also noticed in the three age groups: the higher the rate, the better the performance.
Multidimensional voice assessment: the immediate effects of Lax Vox® in singers with voice complaints
Authors: Matta Ruliano Santana da , Santos Marco Aurélio Rocha , Plec Elisa Meiti Ribeiro Lin , Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to multidimensionally assess the effect of the Lax Vox® vocal technique on singers with voice complaints. Methods: a comparative intrasubject study that assessed 30 singers - 13 males and 17 females, aged 18 to 55 years - who self-reported voice complaints and had voice problems symptoms. The participants were submitted to voice assessment with perceptive-auditory, acoustic, aerodynamic, and electroglottographic voice analysis, as well as laryngeal assessment with high-speed videolaryngoscopy. The participants were assessed at two moments: 1) at the beginning of the data collection; and 2) five minutes after performing the Lax Vox® vocal technique. The groups were compared with appropriate statistical tests, with a 5% significance level. Results: in the acoustic analysis, there was an increase in the fundamental frequency for males, after using the Lax Vox® vocal technique. In the aerodynamic assessment, there was an increase in the airflow mean values during vocalization, as well as in aerodynamic power after using the Lax Vox® vocal technique in both groups. Conclusion: the Lax Vox® vocal technique, in the studied singers with a complaint of dysphonia, promoted an increase in the fundamental frequency, for males. In the aerodynamic parameters, in both sexes, it promoted an increase in the airflow and aerodynamic power.
A conformação social do lixo e das tecnologias de triagem: o caso da transferência de Centrais Mecanizadas de Triagem em São Paulo
Authors: Souza Marcelo Alves de , Lima Francisco de Paula Antunes , Varella Cinthia Versiani Scott
Published: January 2021

Resumo O que fazer com o lixo produzido em grande escala quando enterrar ou incinerar não são mais técnica, social e ambientalmente tolerados? Este artigo apresenta o caso do município de São Paulo, que optou pela transferência de Centrais Mecanizadas de Triagem europeias para ampliar sua capacidade de triagem de resíduos recicláveis e, assim, tentar responder parcialmente a essa questão. A partir do quadro metodológico utilizado, análise antropotecnológica e a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho, foi possível revelar problemas decorrentes dessa transferência de tecnologia relacionados ao ambiente externo, ao processo produtivo interno e aos resultados. Os problemas evidenciados são retomados à luz do conceito de “antropotecnologia” de Alain Wisner, que pretende apoiar os projetistas na elaboração de projetos mais aderentes às realidades das situações encontradas nos países de destino. Ao final, sugestões de reprojeto desses sistemas são apresentadas, de modo a reduzir as pretensões da mecanização e automação na substituição do trabalho humano, propondo sistemas integrados homens-máquinas que resultem em melhor desempenho global.
Punching shear strength of waffle flat slabs
Authors: Silva Ricardo José Carvalho , Oliveira Dênio Ramam Carvalho de , Albuquerque Nívea Gabriela Benevides de , Silva Júnior Francisco Eudázio Suriano da , Leite Felipe da Silva
Published: January 2021

Abstract This research aimed to compare the ultimate load of 10 waffle flat slabs with different sizes of solid area and spacing between ribs. For this, a non-linear computational simulation of the slabs was carried out until their failure using the engineering software ANSYS. The failure modes and loads were analyzed, and the results showed that the models with less solid area presented less bearing capacity in comparison to the models with greater solid area when the failure mode was shearing of the ribs. The slabs with the largest solid regions experienced punching shear and behaved in a similar way as solid flat slabs, indicating compliance with the codes in relation to their punching shear strength provisions, especially with the NBR 6118. The results show that a square solid area whose length is 15% of the span is reasonable and that the ACI, Eurocode 2 and NBR 6118 provisions underestimate the shear strength of the ribs.
Analysis of the effect of the secondary moment on curved beams of full cross section
Authors: Silva Thiago Cunha da , Sánchez Filho Emil de Souza
Published: January 2021

abstract This paper analysis the effect of the secondary moment on curved beams using the equivalent nodal loads method. A case study was carried out applying the equivalent nodal loads method to a two-span prestressed curved beam, using a curved finite element as the structural model, analyzing the effect of the secondary moment for each case and comparing it with its equivalent in straight beam. It was found that the stiffness parameters E I and G J influence the secondary moment. The results demonstrates that the beam opening angle reduces the effect of secondary moment, and that the greater the angle, the greater is the reduction that occurs in its secondary moment compared to its equivalent straight beam.
Corrosion evaluation of CA-50 steel in pore waters extracted from cement pastes with steel slags using electrochemical techniques
Authors: Vieira Renan Esposito , Mennucci Marina Martins , Quarcioni Valdecir Angelo , Melo Hercílio Gomes de
Published: January 2021

Abstract There is an interest in the cement industry in the use of steel slags in cement, but chemical and/or pyrometallurgical modifications are necessary to reduce the free CaO, MgO, and iron contents. However, the potential effects of its application in the reinforcement corrosion, whether in solid (concrete) or liquid medium (pore water), have not yet been addressed. In this context, the present study shows a corrosion analysis of the CA-50 steel in pore water medium extracted from cement pastes with 25% by weight of steel slag, in natural state or pyrometallurgical modified, by means of polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and microstructural analysis. For comparison, tests were performed in pore waters presented in literature and representative from Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) or activated Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) and, to simulate aggressive conditions, 1.0% NaCl was also added to the solutions. The steel remained passive in all media without 1.0% NaCl, but the EIS results indicated more protective characteristics in the medium simulating the modified steel slag. The main corrosion product identified by SEM images after the tests on aggressive media was lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), and the steel did not corrode in media with steel slags and 1.0% NaCl. This was attributed mainly to the higher alkalinity of these media in comparison to other usual pore waters, promoting longer protection of the steel.
Combined evaluation of oscillatory rheometry and isothermal calorimetry for the monitoring of hardening stage of Portland cement compositions blended with bauxite residue from Bayer process generated in different sites in Brazil
Authors: Romano Roberto Cesar de Oliveira , Mesquita José Augusto Ferreira Sales de , Bernardo Heitor Montefusco , Niza Danilo Aguiar , Maciel Marcel Hark , Cincotto Maria Alba , Pileggi Rafael Guiliano
Published: January 2021

Abstract Bauxite residue (BR), a by-product of alumina and aluminum production, consists of high aluminum, silica, and iron content, and sodium from the bauxite ore digestion during the Bayer process. This waste is still being disposal into the lakes of mud, causing some environmental problems. So, the search for its application has gained interest. Studies reported in literature point out that one of the most promising applications is in association with Portland cement, which can also help to reduce the environmental impact caused by the CO2-emissions in its production. In this work, a combined evaluation of oscillatory rheometry and isothermal calorimetry was performed for the monitoring of the hardening stage of Portland cement (PC) compositions blended with BR generated in different sites in Brazil. The time-sweep test was applied to obtain the consistency gain of suspensions over-time, allowing us to understand the physical parameters of consolidation, while the changes in the hydration reaction showed considerable differences in the chemical contribution. As a conclusion, it was clear the impact of each BR, mainly due to the aspects related to soluble aluminates, silicates, and sodium, which in association with the soluble ions from PC, affected the chemical reaction and agglomeration/flocculation forces of particles.
Proposition and analysis of strut and tie models for short corbels from techniques of topology optimization
Authors: Cedrim Matheus Barbosa Moreira , Lages Eduardo Nobre , Barboza Aline da Silva Ramos
Published: January 2021

Abstract Reinforced concrete short corbels are components characterized to represent typical conditions of geometrical and static discontinuity. In general, the classical bending theory is not valid for their design. With the strut and tie method, a model of a self-balanced truss, a strategy of representation of the principal stress flow appears as a representation of the trajectories of the main stresses in these components. Within the context of obtaining the strut and tie models, topology optimization is an indicated technique for an automated process. Combined with a numerical analysis based on finite elements, the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) method formulation, which is defined with the criterion of minimum strain energy restricted by the volumetric fraction, is used for the development of the models with the ABAQUS® v. 6.14.1 software. Therefore, with the material distribution posterior to the optimization and the validation based on normative codes, it is demonstrated that the tool is effective in the development of strut and tie models.
Determination of Morphological and Physiological Changes of Ornamental Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) against Boron Toxicity in Phytoremediation
Authors: EMAN GÖKSEVEN Şenel Birceyudum , KIRAN Sevinç , ELLİALTIOĞLU Şeküre Şebnem
Published: January 2021

Boron toxicity in agricultural lands limits plant breeding as a plant nutrition problem. Some plants are able to tolerate high levels of heavy metals at potentially toxic doses, accumulate them in their bodies and remove them from the soil. In this study, it was aimed to determine the morphological and physiological responses of ornamental cabbage in phytoremediation against boron toxicity. This study was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions, 4 different boron doses (0, 10, 25, and 50 mg kg-1 B) were applied to 2 different soil structures (acidic (S1) and alkaline (S2) soils). Toxicity symptoms were appeared at 50 mg kg-1 B. At alkaline soil, plant weights and visual properties of plants were found to be low in quality. Results show that as the boron dose increased, shoot-root fresh and dry weight, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC) were decreased. Boron accumulation in the shoot, root and whole plant was at 50 mg kg-1 B. As a result, it is understood that ornamental cabbage used for decontamination of boron element by phytoremediation method for the first time in this study. We suggest that it has a potential to as hyper-accumulator plant for the remediation of boron-contaminated soil.
Оценка акустической эффективности шумозащитных экранов на автомобильных дорогах города Иркутска
Authors: Novikova Svetlana A. , Martynov Dmitry N.
Published: January 2021

Цель – явилась оценка эффективности шумозащитных сооружений на участках автомобильных дорог в городе Иркутске (Иркутская область). Методы исследования. C помощью шумомеров произведены инструментальные измерения уровня звукового давления на территориях, оборудованных акустическими экранами. Результаты и обсуждение. Проведен анализ полученных результатов и их сравнение с установленными санитарными нормативами на предмет их превышения. Осуществлен расчет статистических характеристик уровня шума. Анализ данных, полученных в результате проведенных измерений, позволил сделать выводы о недостаточной эффективности сооружений, снижающих уровень шума только на расстоянии 1 и 10 м от источников шума и не позволяющих довести уровень шума до установленного санитарного норматива (55 дБА). Заключение. На рассмотренных территориях необходимо проводить мероприятия по защите населения от автотранспортного шума.
FROM PHENOMENA TO IMPLEMENTATION: LESSONS AND CHALLENGES OF ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN INDONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, Danar Oscar Radyan , Kusumasari Bevaola ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Muluk M.R. Khairul ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Administrative reform has been recognized as one of the most prominent activities of governments intending to keep up with the recent trends of dynamic societies around the world. In recent years, the discussion in the reform literature has attracted signifi cant attention from public administration scholars. It includes various methods and discusses a series of experiences of the reform movement around the world within multiple political landscapes, economic settings, and international turbulences. This paper presents the experience of administrative reform in Indonesia as one of the developing countries in Southeast Asia with a complex history of a colonial legacy. This study analyzes the prominent works of literature discussing the reform experience in Indonesia combined with theoretical perspectives of administrative reform. It highlights three major fi ndings; first, the phenomenon of administrative reform in Indonesia was moving against the reform trend of most other developing countries; second, institutional arrangements play a critical role in repairing the reform trajectory; and third, the current progress of administrative reform in Indonesia still indicates the minimum achievement in some institutions. The discussion of this study, bordered by the settled time frame of reform implementation in Indonesia, is comprised of past and current experiences as well as the future projection of Indonesia administrative reform.
Preparation of linear parts by PCR v1
Authors: Valenzuela-Ortega Marcos , E French Christopher
Published: January 2021

Modular cloning standards based on Golden Gate DNA assembly allow construction of complex DNA constructs over several rounds of assembly.Each Modular cloning toolkit uses different vectors that can be compatible or not with other systems. And the vectors in each toolkit have advantages and disadavantges based on what their intended use. JUMP vectors combine the robusness of modular cloning standards with much more flexibility. They have a flexible backbone base on the Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA) and researchers can add additional features with additional secondary cloning sites that allow orthogonal assemblies.
Conventional Modular cloning in JUMP vectors' Main Site v1
Authors: Valenzuela-Ortega Marcos , E French Christopher
Published: January 2021

Modular cloning standards based on Golden Gate DNA assembly allow construction of complex DNA constructs over several rounds of assembly.Each Modular cloning toolkit uses different vectors that can be compatible or not with other systems. And the vectors in each toolkit have advantages and disadavantges based on what their intended use. JUMP vectors combine the robusness of modular cloning standards with much more flexibility. They have a flexible backbone base on the Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA) and researchers can add additional features with additional secondary cloning sites that allow orthogonal assemblies.
Selection and screening of clones from an assembly reaction v1
Authors: Valenzuela-Ortega Marcos , E French Christopher
Published: January 2021

Modular cloning standards based on Golden Gate DNA assembly allow construction of complex DNA constructs over several rounds of assembly.Each Modular cloning toolkit uses different vectors that can be compatible or not with other systems. And the vectors in each toolkit have advantages and disadavantges based on what their intended use. JUMP vectors combine the robusness of modular cloning standards with much more flexibility. They have a flexible backbone base on the Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA) and researchers can add additional features with additional secondary cloning sites that allow orthogonal assemblies.
Optimization of Distributed Information-Measuring Systems
Authors: Demidenko Nikolay D. , Kulagina Ludmila V.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the task of optimizing the information-measuring system for controlling objects with distributed parameters. The optimal control problem is formulated using the functions of distributed control (measurement). The necessary optimality conditions are obtained. Based on these conditions, a numerical algorithm for calculating the optimal functions of distributed control is constructed. Numerical experiments were carried out
Analysis of Electric Vehicles Motion Modes Influence on Traction Batteries Aging Based on WLTC
Authors: Shchurov Nikolay I. , Shtang Alexander A. , Dedov Sergei I. , Xiaogang Wu
Published: January 2021

The paper considers the growth rates of electric vehicles, taking into account the development of electrochemical energy storage. The main lithium batteries aging mechanisms under conditions of uneven load and reversible nature of energy exchange processes with short modes of recharging batteries during regenerative braking are determined. To assess the aging of the lithium battery, the WLTC driving cycle was taken as a basis, in accordance with which the load on the electric vehicle energy storage unit the was formed. A Nissan Leaf equipped with energy storage units (ESU) of different energy intensity was adopted as a test sample. Current diagrams were obtained for one battery cell, minimum, average and maximum currents, as well as durations of traction, braking and stopping modes in various control modes of electric rolling stock are given. An assumption is made about the growth of the energy intensity of the ESU in the future period and its influence on the load of the storage battery is determined. On the basis of the data processing carried out, the main changes in the processes occurring in the power source, associated with an increase in the energy intensity of the ESU, have been revealed
Detection of Sub-Surface Objects Under Statistically Uneven Soil Surface by Parametric Radar Method
Authors: Shaydurov Roman G.
Published: January 2021

The problem of sensing subsurface objects by the method of excitation of the earth’s surface by Rayleigh seismic waves and obtaining information about the displacement of the ground above the target by radar method, taking into account the electromagnetic parameters of the underlying soil in the frequency range of 10 GHz, is considered. Recommendations are given on the optimal operating frequency of the radar in operating conditions on a statistically uneven ground surface
Necropolítica: Uma pequena ressalva crítica à luz das lógicas do ‘arrego’
Authors: Rodrigues Eduardo De Oliveira
Published: January 2021

O artigo objetiva apontar alguns limites quanto ao uso da noção de “necropolítica” no tocante à leitura da letalidade violenta. Como referência para análise, proponho analisar o problema das mortes ocasionadas por intervenção policial em duas escalas: uma local, referente a um “caso” ocorrido no Morro da Providência; outra mais ampla, que diz respeito à lógica espacial das mortes ocasionadas pela polícia na metrópole carioca. Defendo a ideia de que tal problema possui particularidades no Rio de Janeiro, não sendo possível universalizar os significados da morte quando pensamos na chave específica das ações letais praticadas pelo Estado.
TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS MAJORING IN ORIENTAL PHILOLOGY
Authors: Drahinda Olha
Published: January 2021

The publication presents a detailed lesson plan on the topic “Every Generation is the Product of their Times” within “General course of Western European language” for the first-year students majoring in Oriental Philology. The lesson is aimed at enhancing English vocabulary on the topic, improving listening, speaking, and writing skills as well as at developing critical thinking in the first-year students majoring in Oriental philology. All the activities developed by the teacher meet the basic principles of communicative, student-centered approach to teaching foreign languages.
Optimal lubricants for urological practice
Authors: Banaru Aleksandr M. , Salyukov Roman V.
Published: January 2021

The importance of choosing a lubricant depending on the therapeutic or diagnostic manipulation performed and the clinical situation is rarely the focus of attention of the practicing urologist. Meanwhile, the components of the lubricant can both provide adjuvant treatment and prevention of complications of the performed manipulations, and vice versa, be the cause of complications themselves. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature of the past 20 years, an overview of lubricants used in urological practice, as well as their main components gelling agents, anesthetics, antiseptics, is presented, their main advantages and disadvantages are shown.
Urethral erosion developed after implantation of artificial urinary sphincter
Authors: Kyzlasov Pavel S. , Mustafaev Ali T. , Kazantsev Daniil V. , Volokitin Evgenii V.
Published: January 2021

The case report presents a clinical observation of urethral erosion that developed after a long-term presence of a urethral catheter in a patient after implantation of an artificial bladder sphincter. The stages of the patients surgical treatment are described. The frequency of such complications in patients with an established artificial bladder sphincter according to literature data is presented.
LACCASE ISOLATION FROM SPENT MUSHROOM WASTE (AGARICUS BISPORUS): PARTIAL PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, IMMOBILIZATION AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION
Authors: AK Güliz , YILMAZ Habibe , ŞANLIER Şenay
Published: January 2021

Laccase was partially purified from mushroom compost with cheap and simple purification methods. Partially purified laccase was immobilized onto Amberlite XAD-7 resin. Immobilization conditions and textile dye (Direct Green B) decolorization of immobilized enzyme were examined. Laccase was partially purified from mushroom compost with 3.22 purification fold. Immobilization time for laccase was 30 minutes with 97% efficiency. The immobilization yield based on the activity was calculated by about 90%. The immobilization yield was calculated as nearly 95% based on the measurement of protein amount at each stage. Immobilized enzyme preserved its initial activity with an 84% rate even after its tenth use. The free enzyme lost its activity immediately when it was incubated with the dye solution under its optimal conditions (pH 3.0 and 65°C). On the contrary, the immobilized enzyme maintained its initial activity with a 53% rate when incubated with dye solution under its optimal conditions (pH 3.5 and 65°C).
A Novel Bespoke Hypertrophic Scar Treatment: Actualizing Hybrid Pressure and Silicone Therapies with 3D Printing and Scanning
Authors: Chow Lung , Yick Kit-lun , Sun Yue , S. H. Leung Matthew , Kwan Mei-ying , Ng Sun-pui , Yu Annie , Yip Joanne , Chan Ying-fan
Published: January 2021

The treatment of hypertrophic scars (HSs) is considered to be the most challenging task in wound rehabilitation. Conventional silicone sheet therapy has a positive effect on the healing process of HSs. However, the dimensions of the silicone sheet are typically larger than those of the HS itself which may negatively impact the healthy skin that surrounds the HS. Furthermore, the debonding and displacement of the silicone sheet from the skin are critical problems that affect treatment compliance. Herein, we propose a bespoke HS treatment design that integrates pressure sleeve with a silicone sheet and use of silicone gel using a workflow of three-dimensional (3D) printing, 3D scanning and computer-aided design, and manufacturing software. A finite element analysis (FEA) is used to optimize the control of the pressure distribution and investigate the effects of the silicone elastomer. The result shows that the silicone elastomer increases the amount of exerted pressure on the HS and minimizes unnecessary pressure to other parts of the wrist. Based on this treatment design, a silicone elastomer that perfectly conforms to an HS is printed and attached onto a customized pressure sleeve. Most importantly, unlimited scar treating gel can be applied as the means to optimize treatment of HSs while the silicone sheet is firmly affixed and secured by the pressure sleeve.
Circulating Neuregulin-1 and Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection
Authors: Shchendrigina A. A. , Zhbanov K. A. , Privalova E. V. , Iusupova A. O. , Bytdaeva A. H. , Danilogorskaya Yu. A. , Zheleznykh E. A. , Suvorov A. Yu. , Zektser V, Yu. , Mnatsakanyan M. G. , Lyapidevskaya O. V. , Khabarova N. V. , Naymann Yu. I. , Belenkov Yu. N. , Starostina E. S.
Published: January 2021

Chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved ejection fraction (CHFpEF) is an unsolved, socially relevant challenge since it is associated with a high level of morbidity and mortality. Early markers for this pathology are unavailable, and therapeutic approaches are undeveloped. This necessitates extensive studying the mechanisms of CHFpEF to identify therapeutic targets. According to current notions, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHFpEF. These processes induce the development of myocardial fibrosis and impairment of cardiomyocyte relaxation, thereby resulting in diastolic dysfunction and increased left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a paracrine growth factor and a natural agonist of ErbB receptor family synthesized in the endothelium of coronary microvessels. The NRG-1 / ErbB4 system of the heart is activated at early stages of CHFpEF to enhance the cardiomyocyte resistance to oxidative stress. Preclinical and clinical (phases II and III) studies have shown that the recombinant NRG-1 therapy results in improvement of myocardial contractility and in LV reverse remodeling. Results of recent studies suggest possible anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of NRG-1, which warrants studying the activity of this system in patients with CHFpEF.
How evaluate results of treatment in patients with COVID-19? Symptomatic Hospital and Outpatient Clinical Scale for COVID-19 (SHOCS-COVID)
Authors: Mareev V. Yu. , Begrambekova Yu. L. , Mareev Yu. V.
Published: January 2021

Aim Development of a novel scale for assessing medical state in patients with new coronavirus infection based on clinical and laboratory disease severity's markers, named SHOKS-COVID scale.Material and Methods Clinical Assessment Scale (SHOKS-COVID) is based on1: clinical parameters (respiratory rate, Body temperature, SpO2 need and type of ventilation support) 2: Inflammation markers (C reactive protein (CRP) and prothrombotic marker (D-dimer)) and 3: percent of lungs injury by CT. This scale was used in several clinical studies in patients with varying severity of the course of the COVID 19. SHOKS-COVID scale was also compared against some additional biomarkers and with length of hospital stay.Results In patients with severe COVID-19 (Clinical Trial WAYFARER - 34 patients), SHOKS-COVID scores were correlated with the degree of inflammation: CRP (r = 0.64; p <0.0001); the ratio lymphocytes / CRP (r = - 0.64; p <0.0001). Also, SHOKS-COVID score correlated with the D-dimer (r = 0.35; p <0.0001) and percentage lung damage on multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) - (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001) and length stay in the clinic (r = 0.57, p = 0.0009). In patients with mild course (BISQUIT Study - 103 patients), SHOKS-COVID scores had a statistically significant positive correlation with length of fever (r = 0.37; p = 0.0002) and length of stay in the clinic (r = 0.52, p <0.0001) and negatively correlated with the ratio of lymphocytes / CRP (-0.78, p <0.0001) and the level of CRP (r=0.78; p <0.0001). Patents were grouped based on severity of COVID 19 and median and interquartile range (IQR) of SHOCKS-COVID were measured in these groups. Median and IQR of SHOCKS-COVID were 2.00 [1.0-2.5] points in mild course, 4.0 points [3.0-5.0] in moderate course, 7.0 points [6.0-9.0] in moderately severe course,12.0 points [10.0-14.0] in severe course of disease and 15.0 points [14.5-15.5] in extremely severe patients.Conclusion Here we report a novel scale of COVID 19 disease progression. This scale ranges from zero in asymptomatic patients (with normal range of biomarkers and without lung damage on CT) to fifteen in extremely severe patients. The scores for SHOKS-COVID are increasing, in parallel with the deterioration of all other biomarkers of severity and prognosis in patients with new coronavirus infection. Based on the analysis carried out, we were able to determine values of SHOKS-COVID scale and levels of main clinical and laboratory markers in patients with different severity of COVID 19.
Inseguridad alimentaria y desarrollo humano predicen la incidencia de cáncer colorectal en Colombia: Estudio ecológico.
Authors: Herran Oscar Fernando , Alvarez Diana C. , Fuentes-Sandoval Carlos
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La inseguridad alimentaria (INSA) ha sido asociada a la generación de enfermedad crónica y como barrera en el tratamiento del cáncer. Ante la ausencia de estudios, establecimos a nivel ecológico la relación entre INSA y la tasa de incidencia de cáncer de colon, recto y ano x 100.000 habitantes (ICCRA). Objetivo. El objetivo fue establecer el grado de asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y la tasa de incidencia de cáncer colorrectal x 100.000 habitantes. Métodos y Materiales. Estudio ecológico realizado con información secundaria que producen regularmente las agencias del estado y que miden el nivel de desarrollo humano, social y económico en el territorio en las 33 unidades geodemográficas que conforman a Colombia. Utilizando regresión lineal múltiple con la ICCRA como la variable dependiente, la INSA como principal explicatoria y otras variables del contexto, establecimos la relación entre INSA y la ICCRA y ecuaciones predictivas de la ICCRA por sexo. La bondad de ajuste en los modelos se garantizó mediante el coeficiente de determinación (R2) y el método de Bland y Almant. Resultados. La INSA se relaciona de manera inversa y el IDH de manera directa con la ICCRA. Dos ecuaciones predicen la ICCRA; En hombres, [ICCRA=-6,38+-0,25*INSA+35,5*IDH]. En Mujeres, [ICCRA=6,47+-0,23*INSA+19,1*IDH]. El coeficiente de determinación R2 (%) en hombres es de 88 y en mujeres de 72. La diferencia media entre ICCRA observada versus la estimada fue de -0,00 en hombres (IC95%: -3,13 a 3,13), y en mujeres de -0,00 (IC95%: -4,08 a 4,08). Conclusión. La INSA puede estar en la vía causal de la ICCRA. La INSA y el IDH predicen con precisión la ICCRA. Results: Food insecurity is related in an inverse manner, and the human development Index is directly related to colorectal cancer. Two equations predict colorectal cancer with precision; Men, [colorectal-cancer = -6.38 + -0.25 * food-insecurity + 35.5 * human development Index]. Women, [colorectal-cancer = 6.47 + -0.23 * food-insecurity + 19.1* human development index]. The average difference between colorectal cancer observed versus the estimated, was -0.00 in men (95% CI: -3.13 to 3.13), and in women of -0.00 (95% CI: -4.08 to 4.08). Conclusion: Food insecurity may be in the causal pathway of colorectal cancer. Food insecurity and the human development Index predict colorectal cancer.
ENEMDU Ecuador: Estudio cuantitativo de la percepción de la Seguridad y Salud, junio del 2018
Authors: Escobar Segovia Kenny Fernando , Alcívar-Zambrano Darío -Javier , Espinoza-Centeno Ana -María , Arteaga-García María -Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Introducción: A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU), realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de Ecuador (INEC) en junio 2018, que representa uno de los instrumentos estadísticos más importantes para conocer la situación laboral en el país, se realiza el presente estudio, cuyo objetivo es describir y analizar la percepción de la seguridad y salud, asociadas a características socio-demográficas y laborales en Ecuador. Metodología: consistió en una investigación de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, se aplicó un muestreo probabilístico siendo 28636 personas las que cumplen con la condición de estar laborando actualmente; se utilizó software SPSS para el desarrollo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas y cálculo de prueba chi-cuadrado. Resultados: el 3,7 % de los encuestados afirman que se les ha realizado un examen pre-ocupacional y el 7,2 % afirman que se les ha realizado un examen periódico; a su vez el 42 % ha sido informado sobre los riesgos en su trabajo y el 14 % ha sido capacitado sobre el riesgo al que está expuesto; Discusión: lo que indica un déficit de la Gestión de Seguridad y Salud a nivel nacional. Conclusión: lo que pone en manifiesto la necesidad de identificar los factores de riesgos laborales y su impacto en la salud, que en conjunto a registros oficiales permitan conocer las realidades de las organizaciones para establecer nuevas políticas de seguridad y salud  en el país.
¿Qué comemos? Análisis de la relación entre condiciones socioeconómicas y productos alimentarios de los hogares colombianos
Authors: Torres-Pabon Giselle
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los productos que consumen los hogares colombianos, a partir de sus condiciones socioeconómicas. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa: 1. Análisis descriptivo y 2. Análisis de Cluster, enlace Ward. Para esto se utilizará la encuesta de Presupuestos de los Hogares, realizada por el Departamento Nacional de Estadística colombiano para el año 2017.  La hipótesis que guía este artículo es: los productos alimenticios que consumen los hogares son diferentes entre sí, dadas sus características socioeconómicas.  Los resultados evidencian dos grandes grupos de tipologías de hogares: aquellos que consumen alimentos principalmente por fuera del hogar o productos ya preparados; y aquellos hogares que distribuyen su presupuesto del hogar en alimentos para preparar. Y dentro de aquellos hogares que gasta su presupuesto alimentario en alimentos para preparar, se encontraron 3 principales grupos. Los resultados evidencian estratificación social y cambios en las prácticas alimentarias de los hogares colombianos.
Acceso de mujeres en embarazo, parto y post parto a servicios de salud según clase social
Authors: Bedoya Libia- Amparo , Agudelo-Suárez Andrés A. , Restrepo-Ochoa Diego A.
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: comprender  el acceso que tienen las mujeres en situación de embarazo, parto y post parto  a los servicios de salud según la clase social en Bogotá (Colombia). Métodos: estudio cualitativo. Perspectiva hermenéutica crítica. Método etnografía crítica. Muestreo teórico. Análisis por triangulación en Atlas Ti. Participaron 9 mujeres y 8 profesionales de la salud. Se realizaron 38 entrevistas a profundidad durante 13 meses y 62 acompañamientos a las maternas en las actividades de control prenatal, vacunación, trabajo de parto, consulta post parto, exámenes de seguimiento, curso pisco profiláctico, hospitalización y sala de espera, tanto en servicios públicos como privados. Resultados: existen desigualdades según  la clase social en el acceso que tienen las mujeres a los servicios de salud en los siguientes aspectos: acceso a servicio a especialistas, hacer la fila para esperar la atención, la disponibilidad de citas y agenda para programar la cita, perder la cita habiendo llegado al servicio, la prioridad que le dan las instituciones a las maternas, madrugar para conseguir atención, pedir la cita, las condiciones de la espera y elegir la clínica o el personal. Conclusiones: es importante construir organizaciones que acompañen a las mujeres en EPP que deseen conocer sus derechos y hacerlos valer en los servicios de salud. Se requiere disminuir las desigualdades sociales para mejorar las inequidades en salud.
Plasmaféresis como opción terapéutica en infección por COVID-19
Authors: Pájaro-Galvis Nehomar- Eduardo , Rico-Fontalvo Jorge- Eduardo , Leal-Martínez Víctor , Daza-Arnedo Rodrigo , Rey-Vela Emilio , Salgado-Montiel Luis- Gabriel , Monterrosa-Robles María- Carolina , Pomares-Lara Alonso
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La COVID-19, es una neumonía ocasionada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, que se puede presentar con cuadros severos, distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA), disfunción orgánica múltiple y muerte; como consecuencia de una respuesta inflamatoria alterada denominada “tormenta de citoquinas”. La plasmaféresis se propone como una estrategia de tratamiento prometedora para el manejo de este tipo de complicaciones. Objetivo: nuestro objetivo principal es mostrar toda la bibliografía disponible, referente a la utilidad de la plasmaféresis en el manejo de la tormenta de citoquinas en pacientes con COVID-19 grave; evaluar su posible beneficio y proponer realizar nuevos ensayos clínicos que avalen el uso rutinario de esta terapia. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda avanzada con los términos DeSC “Infecciones por Coronavirus; SARS-CoV; Plasmaféresis; Recambio plasmático; Disfunción orgánica múltiple; Sepsis; Síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica; Lesión renal aguda”. A través de los motores de búsqueda Clinical Key, Embase, PubMed y Ovid, obteniendo un total de 156 resultados, entre artículos originales, reportes de casos, series de casos y revisiones de la literatura, se seleccionaron un total de 54 artículos que fueron utilizados para la elaboración de la presente revisión de la literatura. Conclusiones: la terapia de recambio plasmático se podría utilizar como tratamiento complementario, con el objetivo de reducir carga inflamatoria y viral, reduciendo así el daño de órgano blanco. Sin embargo, hace falta la realización de ensayos clínicos controlados y con buenos diseños metodológicos, que nos ayuden a demostrar la efectividad de este tipo de terapias en pacientes con COVID-19 grave.
Development of Nicotinic Acid Controlled Release Tablets with Natural Phenolic Anti-oxidant Polymer by Encapsulation Technique
Authors: Manne Ravi , Devarajan Agilandeswari
Published: January 2021

Nicotinic Acid (NA) is a cholesterol lowering agent used to treat dyslipidemia. Proanthocyanidins (PC) was selected as a drug and encapsulation material in which the later has a dual property of being a polymer as well as cholesterol lowering agent. The encapsulation of NA with different concentrations of (PC) was carried out by solvent evaporation technique. The encapsulated NA was converted to granules which were then compressed into tablets by wet granulation method. It was subjected to many pre-compression parameters evaluation such as flow properties, drug content and encapsulation efficiency. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, in vitro release studies, release kinetics and stability studies. The evaluated parameters of the formulations showed compliance with pharmacopoeial standards. The encapsulation efficiency was 99.73% and 99.52% of drug content. The FT-IR spectrum did not show interaction between drug and polymer. The drug release in pH 1.2 was lesser than in pH 6.8 buffer. The encapsulated product released drug in controlled manner in alkaline medium. The drug release was 97.1% and release was extended up to 12 hrs. The optimized batch underwent stability studies as per ICH guidelines. It can be concluded that among all the formulations the F5 can be considered as optimized formulation. The optimized formulations showed non-fickian diffusion mechanism of release.