bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dose and Duration Dependent Effect of Fluoxetine on Dorsolateral Lobe of Prostate of Albino Rats-An Experimental Study
Authors: Aggarwal Alka , Jethani SL , Rohatgi RK , Kalra Juhi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Fluoxetine is a prototype drug of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) group of antidepressants. SSRIs help prostatic disease patients by improving life, decreasing the requirement of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication, decreasing the pain in the genital area, pain, and difficulty during urination, and improving urinary flow. Aim: To investigate histological changes in the prostate (dorsolateral lobe) produced by different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day) of fluoxetine given for different duration (Phases) in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was done in the Anatomy Department, Himalayan Institute Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA. The duration of the study was twelve months from May 2009-April 2010. Present study was done on 36 adult male albino rats divided into Control (Group 1) and Experimental (Group 2, 3 and 4). Rats respectively received 10 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day, and 40 mg/kg/day of fluoxetine Intraperitoneally (I/P) for phases of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Prostate (dorsolateral lobe) tissue was collected, processed, and examined in a light microscope after Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Morphometric and statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation and student’s t-test) was done. Results: Group 2 rats received fluoxetine for 12 weeks, Group 3 rats received fluoxetine for 4 weeks and 12 weeks, and Group 4 rats received fluoxetine for 7-10 days showed histological changes in the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate gland and stroma in the form of Smooth Muscle (SM) hypertrophy, epithelial cell changes (become cuboidal to flatten), epithelial cell degeneration, decreased diameter of the prostate acinus, and decrease in epithelial infoldings. Conclusion: Fluoxetine (SSRI) alters the histology (both glandular acini as well as stroma) of the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate if used in low doses for a long duration, moderate doses for a few weeks and also for a long duration, and high dose for one week. This changed histology might be helpful in relieving the symptoms, pain, and discomfort felt by prostatic disease patients.
The Influence of Perceived Service Quality on Purchase Intention with Trust Plays a Mediating Role and Perceived Risk Plays a Moderating Role in Online Shopping
Authors: Putra Hariyadi Triwahyu , Lestari Dian
Published: March 2023

The research is included in a causal study that aims to test the effect of perceived service quality on purchase intention with trust playing a mediating role and perceived risk playing a moderating role  in shopping  Online. The hypotheses based on general theories are formulated using deductive reasoning as a foundation. Using the Likert scale, which falls under the interval category, a number of statements on the questionnaire were used to measure the four variables. Based on sample determination methods, questionnaires were distributed to those who met the criteria for research respondents to collect data. The Sobel test was used as a foundation for hypothesis testing and the data were gathered and analyzed using Simple, Multiple, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings of this study can be used as a guide to comprehend the traits of online shoppers for the fashion industry and serve as a foundation for developing future marketing plans to boost sales turnover during the Covid-19 pandemic, about which many business actors in the industry have complained that turnover has decreased noticeably during the pandemic. The findings revealed that Perceived Service Quality has a significant impact on Trust, Perceived Service Quality has a significant influence on Purchase Intention, and Trust has a significant influence on Purchase Intention, Perceived Risk does not affect Purchase Intention, Perceived Risk does not play a part in moderating variables that influence Trust in Purchase Intention, and Perceived Risk has no impact on Purchase Intention and has no significant impact on it.
Effect of the Combination of Biofertilizer and N, P, K Fertilizer on C-Organic Content, Total Bacteria, Humic Acid, and Sweet Corn Results in Jatinangor Inceptisols
Authors: Sofyan Emma Trinurani , Mulyani Oviyanti , Rusyana Sonya Fauziyyah Putri
Published: March 2023

Beneficial microorganisms are found in biofertilizers, which can assist in boosting the soil's availability of N, P, and K and promote plant growth. This study aims to ascertain the impact and optimal combination of biofertilizer and N, P, K fertilizers for sweet corn yields, total bacteria, humic acid, and C-organic yields. With 1 control treatment, 2 doses of N, P, K fertilizer, and 6 combinations of N, P, K fertilizer and biofertilizer, the method used Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). Three times each, the treatment was given. The findings indicated that biofertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer significantly differed with control treatment in organic C, total bacteria, humic acid, and sweet corn yields. Combining biofertilizer with N, P, and K fertilizer increased organic C, total bacteria, and humic acid by 1.08%, 124.67x107, and 2.74%, respectively. With a dose of 1 liquid biofertilizer and ¾ N, P, K fertilizers, sweet corn can be grown up to 11,80 kg plot-1, a 59% increase over the suggested amount of N, P, K fertilizer. The result of this study showed that the best yields of organic C, total bacteria, humic acid, and sweet corn were obtained with a dose of ¾ N, P, K and 1 biofertilizer, ¾ N, P, K and 1 ½ biofertilizer, and 1 N, P, K and 1 ½ biofertilizer.
Non-linear Regression Models for Predicting Biogas Yields from Selected Bio-wastes
Authors: Idika C. , Joseph Aimikhe, Victor
Published: March 2023

The benefits of biogas as alternative energy to other fossil fuel sources, due to its renewability, environmentally friendly nature, health benefits, etc., cannot be overemphasized. There are numerous models for predicting biogas production rate from bio-materials, including the modified Gompertz equation. These models are primarily dependent on specific biomass parameters. When any of these parameters, like the slurry volume, changes, another round of experiments must be conducted and curve fitted before biogas yield predictions can be made. This could be time-consuming and costly. Using experimentally published data, simple empirical models can be developed for predicting biogas yields over a range of input parameters. This will eliminate the need for always performing experiments before biogas yield predictions can be made. In light of this, scarce literature provides explicit models for predicting biogas yield over a range of parameters based on published data. This study developed non-linear regression models using published data on parameters that affect biogas yields, like the slurry volume, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, temperature, total solids, volatile solids, hydraulic retention time, and pH. The data covered seven readily available bio-wastes, including cow dung, cow dung with plant waste, cow dung with poultry dung, poultry dung with grass, pig dung, and plant wastes. On validation of the models, the results showed that the models had a relatively low standard error of estimates, Akaike information criterion, Schwarz criterion, and Hannan-Quinn information criterion. Furthermore, the coefficients of determination, R2, were between 94.62 and 98.93%. The percentage average absolute deviation (% AAD) for each model was less than 7 %. The non-linear models were found to adequately predict the biogas yields within the limits of the available data set.
Seasonal Variation of Mycorrhizal Association (Root Colonization and Spore Density) in Selected Industrial Sites in Kota District of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Rajpurohit Suresh Singh , Jaiswal Poonam
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to assess the impact of seasonal variation on mycorrhizal association in selected industrial wastelands in the Kota district of Rajasthan. In the study mycorrhizal association was quantified in terms of percentage root colonization and spore density in three different seasons.  The study was conducted during 2019-2021 and the data was collected for 3 seasons; summer (March-June), Rainy (July–October), and winter (November-February) to study the response to variable climatic factors to the root colonization and spore density of mycorrhiza. To determine the significance of variations in AMF spore density and percentage root colonization during different seasons, one-way ANOVA was performed. Results showed that in all the sites maximum mean spore density was observed in the summer (March-June) season but in the case of percentage root colonization, the value was found maximum in the humid season (July-October) in the control site whereas, in the three experimental sites, the maximum root colonization was observed in summer season (march-June).  Hence, it may be concluded that hot climatic condition is favourable for mycorrhizal spore formation and root colonization was also favoured by hot climate.
Prospecção Tecnológica sobre o Setor de Plataformas de Inteligência Artificial Aplicadas ao Reposicionamento de Drogas Contra a COVID-19
Authors: Melo Mauro André Damasceno de , Rocha Carlos Alberto Machado da
Published: March 2023

Em um mundo pós-pandemia, em que as cadeias de transmissão do vírus SARS-CoV-2 ainda se farão presentes, é clara a necessidade do domínio dos algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina em sistemas de inteligência artificial com o objetivo de testar a reutilização de drogas já existentes contra a COVID-19. Para prospectar a produção científico-tecnológica sobre o tema, foi realizada uma busca do termo repurposing AND drugs AND machine learning AND COVID nas bases Web of Science, Orbit e Lens (2017 a 2022). Foram identificados 71 registros bibliográficos com autores estruturados em dois grupos, sendo o segundo detentor dos documentos mais recentes. Foram identificadas nove classes de IPCs com os principais domínios tecnológicos relacionados ao tema e todos distribuídos em 42 documentos ativos de patentes. Destes, quatro se encontravam concedidos às empresas “RO5” e “Precisionlife”. Das 50 startups mais promissoras de 2022, apenas duas desenvolvem esse tipo de tecnologia, o que reforça o entendimento sobre o número ainda pequeno de players no setor e evidencia o horizonte promissor para essa área de produção de tecnologia.
Impacto da Pandemia Causada pelo SARS-COV-2 nos Depósitos de Patente da Fiocruz
Authors: Marques Christiane de Fátima Silva , Faria Lívia Rubatino de
Published: March 2023

A Covid-19 provocou profundas mudanças na organização da sociedade e nas áreas científica e tecnológica. Publicações e interações geradoras de conhecimento resultaram em uma quantidade inédita de artigos científicos, patentes, produtos e serviços disponibilizados rapidamente no mercado. Por meio da prospecção patentária nas bases de dados Orbit Intelligence® (Questel), Espacenet e do INPI, foram recuperados e analisados documentos de patente sob propriedade da Fiocruz, com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da pandemia no número e perfil de patentes depositadas pela instituição. Os resultados indicam potencial contribuição de cerca de 11,5% de patentes originadas a partir dos esforços e respostas à emergência sanitária provocada pelo novo coronavírus em relação ao total de patentes da Fiocruz, concretizando ainda mais o protagonismo da instituição no enfrentamento da pandemia e o legado para a sociedade brasileira.
Estudo de Prospecção Tecnológica Acerca da Covid-19: análise dos depósitos de patentes no contexto CT&I
Authors: Melo Fernanda Correa de , Bonini Juliana Sartori
Published: March 2023

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde decretou a pandemia por Covid-19. Dados do Ministério da Saúde revelam que, até agosto de 2022, o Brasil teve mais de 34 milhões de casos. Diante dessa situação, várias estratégias foram desenvolvidas na tentativa de frear a pandemia. Este estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento patentométrico acerca de registros de patentes sobre a Covid-19 no âmbito da CT&I. A metodologia adotada foi uma busca do estado da arte por meio de patentometria no software Orbit Questel. Foram selecionadas dez patentes com tecnologias direcionadas para o combate à Covid-19, que trazem propostas com uso de robótica, inteligência artificial e fármacos. Nesse cenário, o Brasil possui quatro patentes, correspondendo a 2% da produção e situando-se em 12º lugar em um ranking de 20 países. Conclui-se que buscar ferramentas e produzir inventividades em uma situação como a pandemia é essencial.
Inteligência Artificial na Prevenção da COVID-19: prospecção no contexto epidemiológico no mundo pós-pandêmico
Authors: Freitas Robson Almeida Borges de , Melo Humbérila da Costa e Silva , Azevedo Margarete Almeida Freitas de , Oliveira Junior Antonio Martins de
Published: March 2023

A pandemia ocasionada pela COVID-19 motivou o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico para seu enfrentamento. A Inteligência Artificial (IA) entra como um ramo capaz de auxiliar no controle epidemiológico e na prevenção da doença. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar a prospecção científica e tecnológica sobre IA no contexto epidemiológico e de prevenção no mundo pós-pandêmico. Tais informações podem contribuir para combater novas crises de saúde. A plataforma Lens.org foi utilizada para averiguar trabalhos científicos e patentes relacionando IA, prevenção e epidemiologia com a COVID-19. Foram encontrados 57 artigos e 19 patentes, destas, uma patente que cita um artigo e quatro patentes que são citadas em novas tecnologias. Observa-se que a IA se tornou um aliado no controle epidemiológico, na prevenção e no diagnóstico da COVID-19 e pode contribuir com a análise de grande volume de dados, na geração de estratégias de controle, na condução de testes e na criação de medicamento ou vacinas.
Assessing the rigidity of thermoplastic masks for head immobilization effectiveness in stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Apale Iris Pasion , Agnew Adam , Foley Daniel
Published: February 2025

This study compared three Brainlab thermoplastic masks—Cranial 4pi basic, stereotactic (Close Mask V2), and open‐face—to see how well they limited head movement during Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS). Using a head phantom, we tested rotational movements (pitch, yaw, and roll) and measured displacements with the ExacTrac system. The open‐face mask had the smallest mean displacements (pitch: 0.14 ± 0.03°, yaw: 0.11 ± 0.02°, roll: 0.16 ± 0.03°) and performed slightly better than the stereotactic mask in pitch (0.20 ± 0.04°, p = 0.0173). The stereotactic mask performed similarly in yaw (0.09 ± 0.02°) and roll (0.16 ± 0.04°). The basic mask showed much more movement (pitch: 0.44 ± 0.13°, yaw: 0.28 ± 0.07°, roll: 0.26 ± 0.07°), making it less suitable for SRS. These results apply to the solid two‐piece masks tested here and show that both the open‐face and stereotactic masks provide reliable immobilization for accurate SRS treatments.
Creep‐Fatigue Life Prediction of 316H Stainless Steel through Physics‐Informed Data‐Driven Models
Authors: Xu Lianyong , Jia Haiting , Zhao Lei , Han Yongdian , Hao Kangda , Ren Wenjing
Published: February 2025

316H stainless steel is a critical material for fourth‐generation nuclear reactors, yet it is prone to creep‐fatigue failure under high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions. This study evaluates physics‐driven models (including time fraction model, ductile exhaustion model, modified strain energy density exhaustion model, and plastic strain energy model) and data‐driven models (including support vector regression, random forests, generalized regression neural networks, and backpropagation neural networks) for predicting the creep‐fatigue life of 316H base metal and welded joints. On the basis of data‐driven models, physical information from the creep‐fatigue damage is further integrated to embed the physics‐informed input features and the physics‐informed loss function, thereby constructing physics‐informed data‐driven models  to predict creep‐fatigue life. Results demonstrate that physics‐informed data‐driven models significantly outperform conventional approaches, with the physics‐informed generalized regression neural network achieving the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.9277). This work provides a robust framework for enhancing life prediction in high‐temperature structural applications.
Strong Plasticity Enhancement of a Covering Mg‐Based Material: Influence of Organizational Characteristics on the Strength and Plasticity of AZ31/WE43/AZ31 Laminated Metal Composites
Authors: Bai Yanfei , Jiang Luyao , Guo Fei , Liu Chenglong , Wang Fangjun , Ma Yanlong , Chen Xianhua
Published: February 2025

To enhance the mechanical properties of the WE43 rare‐earth magnesium alloy, three‐layer AZ31/WE43/AZ31 laminated metal composites (LMCs) are fabricated via a stacked rolling process. LMCs with varying microstructures are produced by annealing at temperatures ranging from 350 to 500 °C. Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties are evaluated using electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and uniaxial tensile testing. The asynchronous recrystallization behavior of the AZ31 and WE43 layers leads to decoupled changes in strength and ductility. Analysis of the yield strength contributions reveals that grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening are the dominant strengthening mechanisms. Plastic deformation analysis indicates that the outer AZ31 layers enhance the overall ductility of the LMCs by promoting microcrack toughening and increasing the crack accommodation capacity of the WE43 core. The AZ31/WE43/AZ31 LMCs annealed at 400 °C for 30 min exhibit the optimal combination of mechanical properties. Compared to the monolithic WE43 alloy, these LMCs demonstrate a modest increase in strength and a 44% improvement in ductility.
Impregnation Dynamics of Liquid Resins into Rectangular Capillaries Formed by Polymer‐Coated Copper Hairpins in Electric Motors: Experiments and Theory
Authors: Kokai Akos Levente , Baumli Peter , Kaptay George
Published: February 2025

Herein, the impregnation dynamics of the space between rectangular, polymer‐coated copper hairpins in electric motors, using polyester‐based and epoxy‐based liquid resins, are described both experimentally and theoretically. The rectangular capillary is formed along its sides by two copper hairpins coated with a polymer, with paper along its bottom and air along its top. The following properties of the two test liquid resins are measured from 25 to 80 °C: their contact angles on the hairpin and on the paper, their dynamic viscosities, densities, and surface tension. Dynamic viscosity is modeled by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann model, while surface tension is modeled by the Eötvös model, used also to estimate the molar masses of the resins. Penetration times of the test liquids are measured into the capillaries for ten penetration lengths. A model is derived for the penetration length as a function of time for a liquid penetrating into horizontal, rectangular, and thin capillaries. The resulting model is similar to that of the Lucas–Washburn but the geometrical parameters differ. The temperature dependence of the penetration rate is modeled by the extended Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman model.
Rb Doping and Lattice Strain Synergistically Engineering Oxygen Vacancies in TiO2 for Stable High‐Contrast Photoreversible Color Switching
Authors: Tian Xiangyu , Zeng Zixu , He Yi , Lei Lecheng , Yu Chunlin , Zhang Xingwang
Published: February 2025

The utilization of TiO2 for the fabrication of transparent photochromic materials is both cost‐effective and environmentally friendly. However, it still poses challenges due to the rapid recombination of electron‐hole pairs and poor organic‐inorganic compatibility. Oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in sustaining sacrificial electron donors for hole scavenging, demonstrating great potential in enhancing photochromic performance. Herein, Rb doping and lattice strain are applied to synergistically engineer oxygen vacancies, considering lattice oxygen release is influenced by charge neutrality and oxygen atom coordination environment. Furthermore, the particle surface is modified using composite siloxanes to ensure monodispersion and enhance organic‐inorganic compatibility. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations indicate that Rb doping and epitaxial strain synergistically reduce the oxygen vacancy formation energy and promote the chemical adsorption of diethylene glycol (DEG) on the TiO2 surface for hole scavenging. The designed DEG‐added Rb‐TiO2/TB‐CS (TB means extra titanium butoxide, CS means composite siloxanes) nanodispersion exhibits a significant optical modulation amplitude exceeding 90% at 650 nm, rapid response within 60 s, and stable reversibility in color‐switching (50 cycles). Moreover, utilizing Rb‐TiO2/TB‐CS with DEG ligands as a responsive material enables the fabrication of transparent photochromic polyacrylate‐based hybrid films, polyvinyl alcohol‐based hydrogels, and hydroxyethyl cellulose‐based rewritable papers, showcasing its immense potential for diverse applications.
Research Advances in Solvent Extraction of Lithium: The Potential of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jiang Shaoyi , Zhang Jiahui , Diao Kailin , Liu Xiaomin , Ding Zhezheng
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of Li‐related technologies, especially in the electronic devices and transportation sectors, has exacerbated the global Li resource gap. In response, significant efforts have been directed toward enhancing access to this valuable resource. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted solvent extraction as a straightforward, economical, and environmentally friendly approach for Li extraction and separation. Among them, ionic liquids (ILs) as highly tunable design solvents have garnered considerable attention for their exceptional properties compared to traditional organic solvents, yet their associated extraction systems have albeit with only moderate advancements over the past few decades. To this end, this review initiates an investigation into the pioneering research on the utilization of ILs as diluents, primary extractants, and co‐extractants for Li extraction and separation. Afterward, a comprehensive review is presented on the extraction behaviors of diverse ILs, primarily encompassing cation‐exchange and ion‐association mechanisms. The challenges faced in the application of ILs by solvent extraction are discussed. Meanwhile, Industrial technology such as patents and prospects of ILs are examined, paving the way for future directions in the development and application of ILs within Li solvent extraction technologies.
Developing High‐Performance Anode‐Free Lithium Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Opportunities
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Wang Peiyu , Wang Ke , Fang Xiande , Li Wei , Nai Jianwei , Liu Yujing , Wang Yao , Zou Shihui , Yuan Huadong , Tao Xinyong , Luo Jianmin
Published: February 2025

Anode‐free lithium batteries have attracted a lot of attention due to several appealing attributes such as high energy density, low cost, and enhanced safety. However, these batteries tend to have relatively short cycle life and rapid capacity decay because of the loss of active lithium from continuous side reactions. In this review, a comprehensive summary of anode‐free lithium batteries developed in both liquid and solid‐state electrolyte systems, the technical challenges that plague their practical applications, as well as corresponding optimization strategies are provided. Special attention is paid to the mechanistic understanding of lithium deposition, stripping, corrosion, and dissolution behaviors. In addition, advanced characterization tools are highlighted to better understand the failure mechanisms of anode‐free lithium batteries. Lastly, both the challenges and opportunities of current anode‐free battery design are concluded and multiple possibilities available for high‐performance anode‐free lithium batteries in the future are provided.
Engineered Band Alignment of Semiconductive Nanofluidics for Photo‐Electro‐Ion Mediated Ultrahigh Osmotic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wen Zhixuan , Ling Haoyang , Xin Weiwen , Zhou Teng , Wang Nan , Zhang Yu , Xia Shixuan , Guo Jingyi , Tian Chungui , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Fu Honggang
Published: February 2025

As the quest for sustainable energy intensifies, semiconductive 2D nanofluidic membranes with engineered bandgaps for harvesting solar energy and ordered nanoconfined lamellar channels for excellent ion transport regulation stand out as viable candidates for osmotic energy conversion. However, the exploitation of the inherent photoelectrical properties of these 2D nanofluidic systems for capturing light and facilitating osmotic energy conversion remains insufficient. Herein, band structure matched asymmetric 2D semiconductive nanofluidic membranes (BMA‐SNMs), consisting of crosslinked graphitic carbon nitride (C‐g‐C3N4) and molybdenum disulfide (C‐MoS2), are designed to realize the photo‐electro‐ion mediated osmotic energy conversion. A photoinduced ionic current of 2.55 µA cm−2 emerges with BMA‐SNMs between equal concentration solutions, confirming the photo‐electro‐ion transport conversion effect resulting from the type II band alignment of BMA‐SNMs with light irradiation. The BMA‐SNMs‐based osmotic energy conversion system with photo‐enhanced ion transport can achieve an ultrahigh power density of up to ≈890 W m−2, representing a 61.5% improvement compared to systems without light illumination. Furthermore, when subjected to a 500‐fold concentration gradient, such as salt lake water flowing into river water, the output power density increases to 8600 W m−2. These findings anticipate the potential of 2D photoelectric nanofluidic membranes for advanced, high‐performance energy‐harvesting devices.
3D Printing of Hydrophobic Eutectogels Toughened by Polymer‐Solvent Hydrogen Bonding and In Situ Phase Separation for Capacitive Sensors
Authors: Hsiao Chuan‐Hsun , Chen Fei‐Fan , Zhang Chen‐Zhen , Lin Kuan‐Chung , Yu Sheng‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

Polymer gels are versatile materials in biomedical applications, sensors, and actuators. However, designing gels with diverse functionalities, such as high toughness, self‐healing capability, and 3D printability, is often challenging. In this work, it is found that random copolymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) with a small amount of acrylic acid (AAc) in a hydrophobic eutectic solvent consisting of menthol and decanoic acid leads to eutectogels toughened by polymer‐solvent hydrogen bonding. Interestingly, further increasing AAc content induced phase separation of glassy AAc‐riched domain that significantly increased the stiffness of the eutectogels. The stiffness and stretchability of the poly(NIPAm‐co‐AAc) eutectogels can also be easily modulated by adjusting the AAc content and monomer concentration, leading to highly transparent gels with high toughness. Furthermore, the eutectogels demonstrate efficient dissipation, reasonable recovery, and moderate self‐healing capability. The resin is also compatible with digital light processing 3D printing to prepare dielectric layers with different geometric designs for capacitive sensors. By integrating the functions of eutectogels and 3D printing, the approach provides a new avenue for soft materials with a broad palette of mechanical properties and geometrical designs.
A Fluorescent Polyethylene With Good Processability and Mechanical Flexibility Prepared by a One‐Step Melt Mixing Strategy
Authors: Duan Junjin , Huang Yanqin , Wei Fuqing , Feng Jiachun
Published: February 2025

To meet the growing demand for flexible wearable devices in the information era, the development of cost‐effective, easy‐processable, and mechanically sound flexible luminescent materials is pivotal but remains challenging. Here, a facile one‐step melt mixing strategy is reported to prepare the reprocessable polyethylene with high stable fluorescence (f‐PE) using low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and high‐dosages of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as raw materials. Typically, after 30 min mixing 50 g LDPE with 1 g BPO in a 110‐rpm mixer, the resulting f‐PE exhibited high fluorescent brightness and remarkable fluorescent stability. In addition to good fluorescent and mechanical properties, f‐PE also demonstrated excellent processability and can be processed using conventional melt processing methods for normal PE. Based on the results, the extended through‐space n‐π*/π‐π* interactions resulting from the high‐content BPO‐induced extensive grafting of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the main chain is proposed, as well as the chain scissions and rearrangement under strong melt shearing, may be main factors to contribute f‐PE with luminescent and processable properties. Thanks to advantages such as cost‐effective raw materials, and scalable and solvent‐free production, the f‐PE and its preparation technique show great potential for flexible wearable applications, bringing new opportunities for functionalizing traditional versatile PE.
Second Order Optical Nonlinearity Originated from Ferroelectric Spherulite with Vortex Domain
Authors: Liu Yuanfeng , Zhou Le , Neyts Kristiaan , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji
Published: February 2025

So far, second harmonic generation (SHG) is usually obtained through ferroelectric materials with spontaneous polarization because of the broken spatial inversion symmetry. In recent years, ferroelectric systems with topological defects such as vortex domains have aroused great research interest. The SHG response from such ferroelectric topological structures is intriguing toward SHG applications and topological characterizations. In this work, a spherulite material with a single ferroelectric vortex domain is synthesized and studied on its ferroelectric properties and optical nonlinearity. The spherulite material is in a sphere‐cap shape, composed of polar molecules RM734, with both the average molecular orientation and the polarity arranged azimuthally, forming a single vortex domain, which is demonstrated by the ferroelectric hysteresis loop and piezoelectric force microscopy. Such a large single vortex domain can produce second‐order nonlinearity with local polarity features, which are, in turn, used to characterize the topological structure of the ferroelectric vortex domain. The topological similarity between such a single vortex domain material and the optical vortex beam may shed light on promising ways of optical vortex generation.
Analytical Modeling of Oppositely Doped Core‐Shell Junctionless Nanowire Transistor Considering Fringe Capacitance and Dual Material Gate
Authors: Bharti  , Mittal Poornima
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a physics‐based analytical solution for junctionless nanowire field effect transistor (JL‐NWFET) incorporating an oppositely doped core‐shell (ODCS) structure, dual material gate (DMG), and a high permittivity spacer by solving Poisson's equation. The surface potential concept has been used to derive threshold voltage, drain‐induced barrier lowering, drain current, and subthreshold slope. The results demonstrate that the cumulative benefits of ODCS, DMG, and high permittivity spacer in conventional JL‐NWFET enhance the device performance and mitigate short channel effects (SCEs). Furthermore, the close agreement between the analytical and simulation results for different core thicknesses, spacer permittivities, channel lengths, and channel thicknesses highlights the robustness and reliability of the proposed modeling methodology, offering valuable guidance for device optimization and design refinement in nanoelectronics applications.
Machine Learning Techniques for Simulating Human Psychophysical Testing of Low‐Resolution Phosphene Face Images in Artificial Vision
Authors: An Na Min , Roh Hyeonhee , Kim Sein , Kim Jae Hun , Im Maesoon
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the quality of artificial visual percepts generated by emerging methodologies, researchers often rely on labor‐intensive and tedious human psychophysical experiments. These experiments necessitate repeated iterations upon any major/minor modifications in the hardware/software configurations. Here, the capacity of standard machine learning (ML) models is investigated to accurately replicate quaternary match‐to‐sample tasks using low‐resolution facial images represented by arrays of phosphenes as input stimuli. Initially, the performance of the ML models trained to approximate innate human facial recognition abilities across a dataset comprising 3600 phosphene images of human faces is analyzed. Subsequently, due to the time constraints and the potential for subject fatigue, the psychophysical test is limited to presenting only 720 low‐resolution phosphene images to 36 human subjects. Notably, the superior model adeptly mirrors the behavioral trend of human subjects, offering precise predictions for 8 out of 9 phosphene quality levels on the overlapping test queries. Subsequently, human recognition performances for untested phosphene images are predicted, streamlining the process and minimizing the need for additional psychophysical tests. The findings underscore the transformative potential of ML in reshaping the research paradigm of visual prosthetics, facilitating the expedited advancement of prostheses.
Mucous Permeable Nanoparticle for Inducing Cuproptosis‐Like Death In Broad‐Spectrum Bacteria for Nebulized Treatment of Acute Pneumonia
Authors: Hu Huiqun , Hua Shiyuan , Lu Feng , Zhang Wenting , Zhang Zengwen , Cui Jiarong , Lei Xiaoyue , Xia Jingyan , Xu Feng , Zhou Min
Published: February 2025

The emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has exacerbated the challenge of treating infectious diseases. Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial communication system regulating virulence and biofilm formation, presents a target for novel therapies. Cuproptosis death is a innovation mode of death, however, this effect may be partially inhibited by glutathione (GSH). Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is responsible for GSH biosynthesis and has been identified as a potential promoter of cuproptosis death. Here, Cu2O‐BSO NPs with lung adhesion and mucus penetration ability are synthesized by incorporating BSO onto Cu2O, and modifying it with DOPA and PEG. Cu2O‐BSO NPs demonstrated a broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, making it a viable treatment option for MRSA‐induced acute pneumonia. Specifically, Cu2O‐BSO NPs can synergistically enhance bacterial cuproptosis‐like death, hinder the QS system, eradicate biofilms, reduce the virulence of strains, stimulate the chemotaxis and phagocytosis of macrophages, and ultimately improve in mice with severe pneumonia. This research demonstrated the potential of Cu2O‐BSO NPs for a wide‐ranging antibacterial alternative, providing promise for addressing microbial resistance and combatting biofilm formation. Additionally, it established a target and theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of numerous challenging cases of acute drug‐resistant bacteria.
Fc Proteoforms of ACPA IgG Discriminate Autoimmune Responses in Plasma and Synovial Fluid of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Associate with Disease Activity
Authors: Blöchl Constantin , Stork Eva Maria , Scherer Hans Ulrich , Toes Rene E. M. , Wuhrer Manfred , Domínguez‐Vega Elena
Published: February 2025

Autoantibodies and their post‐translational modifications (PTMs) are insightful markers of autoimmune diseases providing diagnostic and prognostic clues, thereby informing clinical decisions. However, current autoantibody analyses focus mostly on IgG1 glycosylation representing only a subpopulation of the actual IgG proteome. Here, by taking rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as prototypic autoimmune disease, we sought to circumvent these shortcomings and illuminate the importance of (auto)antibody proteoforms employing a novel comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS)‐based analytical workflow. Profiling of anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) IgG and total IgG in paired samples of plasma and synovial fluid revealed a clear distinction of autoantibodies from total IgG and between biofluids. This discrimination relied on comprehensive subclass‐specific PTM profiles including previously neglected features such as IgG3 CH3 domain glycosylation, allotype ratios, and non‐glycosylated IgG. Intriguingly, specific proteoforms were found to correlate with markers of inflammation and disease accentuating the need of such approaches in clinical investigations and calling for further mechanistic studies to comprehend the role of autoantibody proteoforms in defining autoimmune responses.
1000 fold Ultra‐Photosensitized Fluorescent Protein Mimics Toward Photocatalytic Proximity Labeling and Proteomic Profiling Functions
Authors: Sun Rui , Huang Yanan , Feng Huan , Zhao Nan , Wan Wang , Shen Di , Zhong Bowen , Zhang Yukui , Zhang Xin , Zhao Qun , Zhang Lihua , Liu Yu
Published: February 2025

Photosensitizing fluorescent proteins (FP) (e.g. KillerRed) have been shown not capable of photo‐catalytic protein proximity labeling for downstream proteomic profiling applications. To acquire such a function, FP chromophores are engineered in a 12 × 12 combinatorial matrix of synthetic analoges, achieving up to 1000 fold enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared to the natural FPs. FP chromophores are shown with larger dipole moments exhibit higher ROS yield toward protein labeling. By conjugating the ultra‐photosensitized FP chromophore to HaloTag (namely upsFP tag), its photo‐catalytic protein proximity labeling function is demonstrated using nucleophilic amino substrates. Through photochemical characterizations, theoretical calculation, and tandem mass spectrometry, a radical‐mediated labeling mechanism is revealed with expanded reactivity toward diverse protein residues via a type I photosensitization pathway. Finally, a proteomic profiling application is showcased using the upsFP tag to resolve the dynamic interactome variations upon TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP43) phase separation and suborganellar translocation. Together, this work demonstrates three orders of magnitude ultra‐photosensitization of fluorescent protein chromophore enables photocatalytic protein proximity labeling and profiling functions that are impractical for natural fluorescent proteins.
Anti‐Motion Artifacts Iontronic Sensor for Long‐Term Accurate Fingertip Pulse Monitoring
Authors: You Jia , Lu Mingyang , Dazhen Lamu , Gao Mengjie , Zhang Ruiyan , Li Wendong , Lei Fan , Ren Wei , Li Guangxian , Yang Junlong
Published: February 2025

Flexible pressure sensors have gained attention for their comfort, portability, and potential in long‐term pulse monitoring and early cardiovascular disease diagnosis. However, stretching stress during daily activities affects sensor accuracy, causing motion artifacts (MAs) that hinder precise pulse signal detection. To address this challenge, the anti‐motion artifact iontronic pressure sensor (S‐smooth sensor), featuring a soft‐hard stretchable interface with energy dissipation properties is developed. By regulating the local modulus of the encapsulation layer, this structure dissipates stretching stress, achieving an MAs suppression rate of up to 90%, significantly improving pulse signal accuracy and reliability. Additionally, the sensor incorporates a dielectric layer and double electrode layer (EDL) sensing interface, with a low‐friction design that ensures high sensitivity (92.76 kPa−¹) and stability, maintaining performance over millions of cycles. The sensor accurately captures heart rate (HR) and pulse peak time differences (Δt) under various finger‐bending conditions. When integrated into a portable wireless pulse monitoring system, it shows a heart rate loss rate of only 2.9% during intense physical activity. This approach avoids complex chemical processes and material restrictions, offering a novel solution for motion artifact suppression in sensors, with significant potential for real‐time health monitoring and assisted diagnosis.
Food waste, date labels, and risk preferences: An experimental exploration
Authors: Wilson Norbert Lance Weston , Miao Ruiqing
Published: February 2025

This study provides theoretical and experimental evidence that consumers adjust their premeditated food waste by date labels and their risk and loss preferences. The “Use by” date label leads to more premeditated food waste than “Best by” for deli meat and spaghetti sauce. However, changing date labels may not lower premeditated food waste relative to no label at all. Greater loss aversion correlates with higher premeditated food waste regardless of date labels and products. For participants with high loss aversion, they have higher premediated waste with no statistical difference in response for “Best by” and “Use by” labels. These results highlight the heterogeneous response to date labels.
Aligning Fishing Gear Selectivity With Harvest Slot Limits for Ballan Wrasse Labrus bergylta
Authors: Pritchard Calum J. , Stendal Marthe M. R. , Halvorsen Kim T. , Stewart Lauren , Salama Nabeil K. G. , Berrill Iain , Martin Samuel A. M. , Marshall C. Tara
Published: February 2025

Selectivity is an important parameter used to identify the portion of a stock caught by a fishing gear. In principle, fisheries management aligns the length at which 50% of individuals are selected for () with minimum landing sizes. Harvest slot limits (the implementation of minimum landing sizes alongside maximum landing sizes) are in place for ballan wrasse, a sequential hermaphrodite commercially exploited in northern Europe. The selectivity of fishing gears used has yet to be investigated for this fishery. Two fishing gears were dismantled into their selective apertures, and fall‐through experiments were used to determine the selectivity of each aperture, alternative escape panels and alternative entrances. Binomial logistic models were fit to estimate the relationships between selectivity, fish length and condition factor for each aperture. Linear models were used to investigate the relationships between , escape panel width and entrance diameter. Both commercial fishing gears retained fish both smaller and larger than the size‐based harvest slot limits. Empirical relationships were developed to estimate escape panel widths and entrance diameters to align the with harvest slot limits. Fisheries managers may use these relationships to propose modifications to fishing gear that align their selectivity with harvest slot limits. However, it should be considered that these relationships were based on morphology and do not account for behaviour within the estimation of selectivity.
Comparison of Otolith and Pectoral Fin Spine Ages of Black Bullhead Ameiurus melas
Authors: Schumacher Glenn T. , Sikora Logan W. , Raabe Joshua K. , VanDeHey Justin A. , Sass Greg G.
Published: February 2025

Black bullhead Ameiurus melas are an environmentally tolerant fish that are often the target of population‐level management efforts due to overabundance and potential negative influences on sport fishes. Descriptions of black bullhead growth and life history have been limited in part due to challenges in age estimation. Pectoral fin spines have been validated as age estimation structures for other ictalurids, but not black bullhead. We evaluated the precision of black bullhead pectoral fin spine and whole otolith age estimates from a northern Wisconsin lake. Age bias of pectoral fin spines was evaluated relative to whole otoliths using age estimates from two readers. Age estimates from both structures were applied to produce von Bertalanffy growth models. Precision of both structures was similar for both readers (66% and 58% agreement, 89% and 87% within 1 year). Pectoral fin spine age estimates showed higher between‐reader agreement (59%, 95% within 1 year, CV = 9.2) than whole otolith age estimates (45%, 91% within 1 year, CV = 15.1). Pectoral fin spines may underestimate age relative to whole otoliths, particularly in older fish. von Bertalanffy growth model parameters were similar using both structures. Our findings suggest pectoral fin spine and whole otolith age estimates provide utility for age estimation in black bullhead, but modified methods of otolith processing and known age fish are needed to evaluate the accuracy of each structure.
Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Chinese Expert Consensus Statement
Authors: Zhang Huabing , Yuan Ming Xia , Pan Qi
Published: February 2025

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemia. The incidence of IAS is higher in East Asian populations compared to other populations. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to recurrent hypoglycemia, significant glucose fluctuations, and adverse clinical outcomes, including life‐threatening situations. Currently, no standardized guidelines exist for the diagnosis and treatment of IAS. This consensus aims to provide a systematic summary of the epidemiology, triggers, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IAS, with the objective of standardizing its clinical management.
Human herpesvirus‐associated transposable element activation in human aging brains with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Feng Yayan , Cao Shu‐Qin , Shi Yi , Sun Anna , Flanagan Margaret E. , Leverenz James B. , Pieper Andrew A. , Jung Jae U. , Cummings Jeffrey , Fang Evandro Fei , Zhang Pengyue , Cheng Feixiong
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Human herpesvirus (HHV) has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

METHODS

We leveraged functional genomics data from Religious Orders Study or the Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROS/MAP) and Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) brain biobanks and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data from HHV‐infected forebrain organoids to investigate HHV‐infection‐associated transposable element (TE) dysregulation underlying AD etiologies.

RESULTS

We identified widespread TE dysregulation in HHV‐positive human AD brains, including an astrocyte‐specific upregulation of LINE1 subfamily TEs in HHV‐positive human AD brains. We further pinpointed astrocyte‐specific LINE1 upregulation that could potentially regulate target gene NEAT1 expression via long‐range enhancer‐promoter chromatin interactions. This LINE1 dysregulation can be partially reversed by the usage of anti‐HHV drugs (valacyclovir and acyclovir) in a virus‐infected human brain organoid model. Finally, we demonstrated that valacyclovir rescued tau‐associated neuropathology and alleviated LINE1 activation in an experimental tau aggregation model.

DISCUSSION

Our analysis provides associations linking molecular, clinical, and neuropathological AD features with HHV infection, which warrants future clinical validation.

Highlights

Via analysis of bulk RNA‐seq data in two large‐scale human brain biobanks, ROS/MAP (n = 109 pathologically confirmed AD and n = 44 cognitively healthy controls) and MSBB (n = 284 AD and n = 150 cognitively healthy controls), we identified widespread TE activation in HHV‐positive human AD brains and significantly positive associations of HHV RNA abundance with APOE4 genotype, Braak staging score, and CERAD score.

We identified cell type‐specific LINE1 upregulation in both microglia and astrocytes of human AD brains via long‐range enhancer–promoter chromatin interactions on lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1).

We determined that usage of valacyclovir and acyclovir was significantly associated with reduced incidence of AD in a large real‐world patient database.

Using the HEK293 tau P301S model and U2OS mt‐Keima cell model, we determined that valacyclovir treatment rescued tau‐associated neuropathology and alleviated activation of LINE1 with increased cellular autophagy‐level mechanistically supported clinical benefits of valacyclovir in real‐world patient data.