bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Pancreata: The Keto Struggle”: an innovative educational tale‐based game for diabetic ketoacidosis revitalizes collaborative learning, learner's engagement among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
Published: February 2025

Traditional didactic teaching methods in medical education, while foundational, often lead to passive learning and insufficient engagement. “Pancreata—The Keto Struggle,” an educational tale‐based game for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), was developed to address these challenges by promoting collaborative learning, enhancing student engagement, and improving knowledge retention through an interactive and narrative‐driven approach. This study involved 150 first‐year medical students divided into 25 small groups of 6 each. Participants were assessed before and after engaging with the game through a structured formative assessment, a validated questionnaire measuring engagement and learning effectiveness, and a confidence level questionnaire. In‐depth small‐group interviews were also conducted for qualitative feedback and thematic analysis was performed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17. The introduction of “Pancreata—The Keto Struggle” resulted in significant improvements in students' formative assessment scores, from a mean of 19.2 ± 1.9 before the game to 39.3 ± 2.2 out of 50 after the game (p < 0.0001). Notably, students demonstrated the highest confidence gains in managing DKA and interpreting laboratory results. Qualitative analysis identified seven common themes reflecting the game's impact on learning: collaboration, retention of concepts, internal drive, self and peer assessment, joyful learning, beyond books, and aesthetic content. Over 95% of students reported increased engagement and learning effectiveness due to the game's intrinsic motivation, narrative, and group learning mechanics. “Pancreata—The Keto Struggle” effectively revitalizes collaborative learning in medical education by integrating game‐based learning with traditional teaching methods. The game not only facilitates a deeper understanding of complex clinical conditions like DKA but also broadly improves students' clinical management skills and confidence. These findings underscore the potential of educational tale based games to enrich medical education and advocate for their broader application across curricula.
Stabilization of a Terminal Hydride Through Regioselective Protonation in a Diiron Complex Inspired by [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase
Authors: Chatelain Lucile , Stripp Sven T. , Schollhammer Philippe
Published: February 2025

Protonation studies of the complex [Fe2(μ‐pdt)(κ2‐dmpe)2(CO)2] (1), inspired by the [FeFe]‐hydrogenases active site cofactor, yield terminal and bridging hydrido isomers in a ratio that depends on the acid strength and steric hindrance. A terminal hydride ligand is mainly obtained in presence of weaker acids such as [HPtBu3][BF4] and [HNEt3][BF4] while a bridging isomer is predominantly formed with stronger acids such as [HPPh3][BF4] and [H(OEt2)][BF4]. The terminal isomer is comparatively stable and undergoes isomerization into the bridging hydride following first‐order kinetics, with half‐lives of 21 days and 3 days at room temperature and 40 °C, respectively.
CB1 Receptor Antagonist Selonabant (ANEB‐001) Blocks Acute THC Effects in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gorbenko Andriy A. , Heuberger Jules A. A. C. , Juachon Maria , Klaassen Erica , Tagen Michael , Lawler Joseph F. , Schneeberger Daniel , Cundy Kenneth C. , Klumpers Linda E. , Groeneveld Geert J.
Published: February 2025

Emergency department visits due to cannabinoid‐induced toxicity, including acute cannabinoid intoxication (ACI) have increased worldwide as more states have liberalized cannabis policy. ACI symptoms include anxiety, panic attacks, tachycardia, and psychosis, primarily mediated through cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) agonism by Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This phase II randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study assessed the potential of CB1 receptor antagonist selonabant (ANEB‐001) to block THC‐induced effects in healthy adults. In Part A of the study, 10.5 mg of THC was coadministered with 50 mg (N = 20) or 100 mg (N = 20) selonabant, or matching placebo (N = 20). In Part B, 21‐mg THC was coadministered with 30 mg (N = 9) or 10 mg (N = 7) selonabant, or matching placebo (N = 9). THC‐related effects were assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS) for feeling high and alertness, objective measures of postural stability, and heart rate and analyzed using a mixed effects model. Selonabant significantly reduced VAS “Feeling High” (up to −82.8% (95% CI: −91.0%, −67.2%, P < 0.0001) at 30‐mg selonabant) and increased VAS “Alertness” (up to 10.8 mm (95% CI: 4.7, 16.8 mm, P = 0.001) at 30‐mg selonabant) vs. placebo. Selonabant 10 and 30 mg significantly reduced body sway (up to −30.6% (95% CI: −44.1%, −13.9%, P = 0.002) at 30 mg selonabant) vs. placebo. Effects on heart rate were not significant. Selonabant was generally safe and no clinically meaningful changes in mood occurred. Nausea and vomiting occurred more frequently at high selonabant doses; 10‐mg selonabant was both well tolerated and efficacious. Present results support further development of selonabant for emergency treatment of ACI.
Effect of Choice of Flavor of Fluoride Varnish on Behavior in Dental Visits in Schoolchildren
Authors: Karim R. , Splieth C. H. , Schmoeckel J.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the effect of choosing the taste of a fluoride varnish on the behavior and acceptance of the children during the dental visit.

Material and Methods

This single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial (NCT05285228) involved 70 healthy children aged 5–10 years who presented for a dental recall visit including the indication of an application of fluoride varnish to the specialized pediatric university dental service. The control group received the fluoride varnish (Profluorid varnish, VOCO Germany) with an allocated taste, whereas the test group had to choose the taste of the fluoride varnish just before the dental check‐up.

Results

The vast majority of the children (n = 53, 75.7%) felt happy/very happy (Facial image scale) regarding the taste of the fluoride varnish, with no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.188). Dental behavior (Frankl behavior rating scale) was assessed generally as positive/definitely positive (n = 58, 82.2%). Interestingly, children with a history of previous negative dental behavior in the test group showed a tendency of more positive behavior than in the control group (66.6% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.244).

Conclusion

Sense of control performed via choosing the flavor of the fluoride varnish increases the chance for positive behavior during the dental visit, especially in children with a history of negative dental behavior. Concurrently, it improves the child's taste acceptance, which is important for dental caries prevention.

Trial Registration

The study protocol was registered on Cli ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05285228).
Differential Expression of Hard Tissue Proteins in Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars in Comparison to Normal Teeth
Authors: Jessica Sharon , Sekar Ramya , Ghosh Snehashish , Dhungel Safal , B. Kavitha , Ramakrishnan Mahesh , Jh Shazia Fathima , Prasad Monisha , I. Jaiganesh , Subramani Sindhu
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to identify the proteins in hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and correlate their function in Amelogenesis. HSPM is a qualitative defect of the enamel of the second primary molars with no clear etiology.

Material and Methods

Total protein quantification was performed using the Bradford Protein Assay, followed by the electrophoretic separation of samples using 2D‐Gel electrophoresis to identify the proteins.

Results

The results from the Bradford Protein Assay unveiled a five‐fold increase in the protein content in HSPM. Proteins such as Dentin sialo‐phosphoprotein (DSPP), Keratin, type I, Serum Albumin, Anti‐thrombin III, Alpha‐1‐Antitrypsin, Histone H3.2, Actin, Heat shock Protein, Vimentin, Desmoglein‐3, Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, Inosine‐5'‐monophosphate dehydrogenase 2, Zinc Alpha 2 glycoprotein, Lysozyme C, Prothrombin, Vit‐D binding Protein, Apolipoprotein A‐1, Defensin 1, Immunoglobulin Gamma, Immunoglobulin Kappa, and Alpha‐Amylase were all upregulated (p < 0.05) in HSPM.

Conclusion

This investigation conclusively demonstrates that HSPM‐affected teeth have higher protein content than healthy teeth. The study also supports the theory of proteolytic inhibition attributed to reduced protease activity and heightened protease inhibitor activity.
Enhancing Rate and Selectivity for Hydrodechlorination of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) with Rh Catalysts
Authors: Bush Nancy G , Das Ayon , Bowen Jessica A , Fieser Megan E
Published: February 2025

Hydrodechlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) directly to polyethylene (PE) represents a way to repurpose PVC waste, while avoiding toxic and/or corrosive byproducts that are produced at the end of life. Prior studies identified a rhodium‐catalyzed route to hydrodechlorinate PVC to form PE products with sodium formate as a hydrogen source. While all chlorine could be removed to form PE‐like polymers, the reaction was slow and side reactions introduced undesirable cross‐links in the polymer product. In this work, mechanistic studies are pursued to improve catalytic activity for this method. Xantphos and diphenylphosphinoethane (DPPE) both support Rh(I) to promote this reaction to full conversion, effectively removing all chlorine from PVC samples, with Xantphos support providing the fastest metal catalysis for hydrodechlorination to date. However, side reactions to form cross‐links are present for both catalyst systems. Control studies suggest the proposed route for cross‐link formation also deactivates the Rh catalyst, indicating the cross‐link formation can also be the cause for the reaction to slow over time. Other reaction conditions were found to influence the selectivity between hydrodechlorination and cross‐link formation. These results introduce key catalyst design principles to improve methods for hydrodechlorination of PVC, allowing for sustainable repurposing of this toxic polymer waste.
Steroid Injection Treatment for Nodulocystic Acne: A Literature Review
Authors: Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Cheuk Hung , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: February 2025

Background

Nodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne characterized by inflamed nodules and cysts, often causing significant emotional distress and scarring. While oral corticosteroids are commonly used to treat nodulocystic acne, they can have systemic side effects. Intralesional corticosteroid injections offer a targeted and localized approach, reducing the risk of systemic side effects.

Objective

This literature review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of steroid injections for the treatment of nodulocystic acne.

Method

A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies on the use of intralesional corticosteroids for nodulocystic acne. Studies were included if they reported on the use of intralesional corticosteroids as a primary treatment modality for nodulocystic acne.

Results

The review included studies that reported on the use of intralesional corticosteroids for nodulocystic acne. The results suggest that steroid injections can be an effective treatment option, with significant reductions in lesion size and severity reported in several studies. The addition of lincomycin to intralesional corticosteroids was found to enhance therapeutic efficacy, while cold anesthesia was effective in reducing pain during injections. Proper technique and dosage are essential to minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of complications.

Conclusion

This review suggests that steroid injections can be a valuable treatment option for nodulocystic acne, offering targeted and localized delivery of corticosteroids with reduced risk of systemic side effects. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and establish optimal treatment regimens.
Organic Transformations Utilizing 1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]Dec‐5‐Ene (TBD): A Tale of Two Nitrogens
Authors: Blue Lan Chunling , Auclair Karine
Published: February 2025

1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) is a bicyclic guanidine with booming applications. Bearing both a sp2‐hybridized nitrogen and an adjacent N−H bond, TBD is a multifunctional and versatile reagent that is able to promote a variety of organic transformations. Although advancements with TBD in the polymer field have been well reviewed and documented, summaries that focus on synthetic methodologies are scarce. This review intends to provide a concise overview of synthetic methods utilizing TBD published over the past two decades. Classified based on the primary function of TBD, diverse transformations are described, and reaction mechanisms are incorporated when necessary. Examples from various fields are covered, including methodology developments, natural product syntheses, medicinal chemistry applications, as well as industrial utilizations.
Blockchain Empowered Quantum Safe Batch Aggregate Signature Algorithm for Authenticated Data Trading in Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Singh Rahul , Das Laxminarayan , Chaudhary Dharminder
Published: February 2025

This paper contains a quantum‐safe and efficient blockchain‐based data trading framework designed for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). With the proliferation of connected vehicles, there is a growing need for quantum‐safe and trustworthy data sharing among vehicles, roadside infrastructure, and service providers. Due to Shor's algorithm, most of the existing traditional authenticated data delivery algorithms supporting blockchain will not work. The proposed framework supports blockchain's decentralized nature to ensure the authenticity of data and its transparency while minimizing the computational overhead to suit the distributed IoV communication environment. We have designed a blockchain‐based data trading framework for the IoV, utilizing practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (pBFT) consensus to ensure authentic transactions. With respect to gaining consensus efficiency, the general Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) framework uses an all‐to‐all message pattern to reach final decision block. To reduce the cost of communication complexity from to , aggregation of signatures has been used in the proposed blockchain consensus framework. Moreover, consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work (PoW) may not be applicable to IoV networking systems due to their comparatively high energy consumptions. This framework is scalable in terms of key generation time, and the storage complexity is less as compared to the storage complexity of the non‐aggregated signature methods. The proposed module lattice‐based aggregation of signatures offers approximately 58% faster rate of reading the blocks with respect to existing techniques. The consensus process benefits significantly from the implementation of aggregated signatures and verification, resulting in average energy consumption between 1.8% and 6.4%.
Modelled Water Temperature Patterns and Energy Balance of a Threatened Coastal Lagoon Ecosystem
Authors: Zeighami Aida , Kurylyk Barret L.
Published: February 2025

Coastal water temperatures control physical, chemical, and biological processes and are expected to rise due to future changes in freshwater temperature and flow rates, heat exchange with the warming atmosphere, and thermal interactions with a changing ocean. However, the thermal sensitivity of transitional, coastal water bodies to climate change remains poorly understood, due partly to a lack of knowledge on present‐day thermal controls in these settings. Accordingly, we applied a coastal hydrodynamic model (MIKE 3 FM), with a coupled thermal module to simulate hydrodynamics and water temperature variability in the Basin Head lagoon, a federally protected coastal ecosystem in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. Field data from the lagoon were used to calibrate and assess the numerical model, while atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic data were used to form the thermal and hydrodynamic boundary conditions. The model successfully reproduced tidal water level oscillations as well as diurnal and semi‐diurnal (tidal) temperature fluctuations. Model results show longitudinal, cross‐shore, and vertical thermal variability within the lagoon, including pronounced thermal variability near the bed and near the inlet due to tidal pumping. Model results and field data highlight the thermal sensitivity of the lagoon during heat waves; however, distinct cold‐water plumes at freshwater inputs (springs and groundwater‐dominated streams) persisted, with temporally averaged temperatures in these zones up to 18 °C colder than the ambient lagoon. Although, these freshwater inflows can dominate local energy budgets, the surface heat fluxes, especially shortwave radiation, exert the dominant control on the lagoon‐wide energy budget. Collectively, the model findings emphasise the interacting effects of atmospheric, hydrologic, and oceanic forcing on the spatiotemporal patterns of water temperatures in this threatened coastal ecosystem.
Latent Profile Analysis of Moral Foundations: Emotional and Decisional Forgiveness Approaches to Models of Morality
Authors: Skalski‐Bednarz Sebastian Binyamin , Toussaint Loren L. , Kwiatkowska Anna , Mendrek Adrianna
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the intricate relationship between morality and episodic forgiveness (i.e. emotional and decisional), guided by moral foundations theory. Survey data were collected from 927 English‐speaking Canadians, aged 18–57, using the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, Decision to Forgive Scale, and Emotional Forgiveness Scale. Employing latent profile analysis, the research revealed three distinct moral foundation profiles—high moralists, individuators, and neutrals—each linked to different levels of decisional and emotional forgiveness. Further analysis using MANOVA and follow‐up ANOVAs indicated that the high moralist group exhibited higher scores in both forgiveness dimensions compared to the individuator and neutral groups, whereas the individuator group reported higher emotional forgiveness than the neutrals. These findings illuminate the significance of moral development in forgiving and underscore the utility of moral profiling based on moral foundations theory in predicting episodic forgiveness.
Innovative Hybrid Nanocarriers of GnRH Peptide‐Modified Chitosan‐Coated Lipid Nanoparticles as a Targeted Chemotherapy for Reproductive‐Related Cancers
Authors: Bunwatcharaphansakun Phichaporn , Yodsanit Nisakorn , Keaswejjareansuk Wisawat , Gonil Pattarapond , Wongkhieo Sudthirak , Jantimaporn Angkana , Kengkittipat Warut , Kaewmalun Somrudee , Sawangrat Nuttawat , Yata Teerapong , Sajomsang Warayuth , Khongkow Mattaka , Namdee Katawut
Published: February 2025

Cancer stands as a primary contributor to worldwide mortality, especially reproductive‐related cancers (e.g., breast/cervical cancers among females and prostate cancer among males). Chemotherapy is the most common systemic therapy for cancer, but its adverse effects are concerning. Developing effective and new strategies against cancer is necessary to increase their efficacy and minimize their adverse effect. In this work, the novel core‐shell structure of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) was fabricated via a high‐throughput microfluidic for chemotherapy drug delivery. A gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), a targeting moiety for the overexpressed GnRH receptors (GnRHR) in cancer cells, was conjugated on chitosan (GnRH‐CS) as a shell and used to modify the surface of LNP with doxorubicin loading to form a complex of LNP‐dox‐GnRH (≤ 150 nm, PDI ~0.2). The modified surface enhances the binding affinity of the LNP to the breast and prostate cancer cells. For an in vitro study, we found that LNP‐dox‐GnRH can specifically target the GnRHR‐overexpressing cancer cells (i.e., MCF‐7 and PC‐3) compared with non‐targeted LNP‐dox. Conversely, there was no difference in the targetability between LNP‐dox‐GnRHR and non‐targeted LNP to MDA‐MB‐436, a low GnRHR‐expressing cancer cell. Furthermore, the enhanced anticancer activity of LNP‐dox‐GnRH was observed in both monolayer and spheroid cell cultures. This study highlights the advantages of easy customization of payloads and targeting peptides, requiring only a simple coating process that doesn't need specialized expertise. Its flexibility and efficiency enhance the potential for precision therapies, making it ideal for translational applications in treating reproductive‐related cancers, GnRH‐associated diseases, and other conditions.
Fat‐Free Mass: Friend or Foe to Metabolic Health?
Authors: Oliver Christopher J. , Climstein Mike , Rosic Nedeljka , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Tinsley Grant , Myers Stephen
Published: February 2025

Background

Fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM) are body composition estimates commonly reported in research studies and clinical settings. Recently, fat‐free mass indexed to height (fat‐free mass index; FFMI) has been shown to be positively associated with impaired insulin sensitivity or insulin resistance. Consequently, hypertrophic resistance training which can increase FFM was also questioned. This paper sets out to evaluate these propositions.

Methods

In this narrative review, we discuss possible reasons that link FFMI to adverse metabolic health outcomes including the limitations of the body composition model that utilizes FFM. The safety of resistance training is also briefly discussed.

Results

Approximately 50% of FFM is comprised of skeletal muscle (SM), with the other 50% being viscera, skin, and bone; FFM and SM cannot be conflated. FFM and fat mass (FM) can both rise with increasing body weight and adiposity, indicating a positive correlation between the two compartments. Risk assessment models not adequately adjusting for this correlation may cause erroneous conclusions, however which way FM and FFM are indexed. Adipose tissue accumulation with weight gain, measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance, can inflate FFM estimates owing to increased connective tissue. Increased adiposity can also result in fat deposition within skeletal muscle disrupting metabolic health. Importantly, non‐skeletal muscle components of the FFM, i.e., the liver and pancreas, both critical in metabolic health, can also be negatively affected by the same lifestyle factors that impact SM. The most frequently used body composition techniques used to estimate FM and FFM cannot detect muscle, liver or pancreas fat infiltration. Prospective evidence demonstrates that resistance training is a safe and effective exercise modality across all ages, especially in older adults experiencing age‐ or disease‐related declines in muscle health.

Conclusions

The association between FFM and insulin resistance is largely an artefact driven by inadequate assessment of skeletal muscle. If FM and FFM are used, at the minimum, they need to be evaluated in context with one another. Body composition methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, which measures skeletal muscle rather than fat‐free mass, and adipose tissue as well as muscle ectopic fat, are preferred methods. Resistance training is important in achieving and maintaining good health across the lifespan. While strength and power are critical components of resistance training, the reduction of skeletal mass through ageing or disease may require hypertrophic training to mitigate and slow down the progression of this often‐inevitable process.
Cuscuta epithymum extract affects epileptic offspring behaviour and weight after applying preconception immobility stress on parents
Authors: Khavasi Narjes , Ghassemifard Leila , Ramezanikhah Hajar , Sardari Saeed , Saboory Ehsan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Studies have indicated a link between stress during pregnancy and stress reactivity in offspring. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cuscuta epithymum (CE) extract on seizure and body weight in offspring born to stressed parents (pre‐pregnancy).

Methods

Male and female rats were randomly separated into four groups. Then, the animals were subjected to restraint stress once a day for 50 (male) and 15 (female) continuous days. At the same time, rats in the control and stress groups received normal saline while the other two groups received the CE extract. After the stress induction, the control and experimental rats were mated to create eight types of coupling combinations as follows: McFc, McFs, MsFc, MsFs, McFc + EX, McFs + EX, MsFc + EX and MsFs + EX (M, male; F, female; C, control; S, stress; EX, extract). Then, the pups were weighed on postnatal days (PND) 1, 15 and 25. They were also evaluated for pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced seizure on PND 25.

Results

The results showed that prolonged parental exposure to stress led to a significant increase in the duration and number of tonic–clonic (TC) seizures, duration of standing on two legs, firmly clinging to the ground, number of head nodding, total score of seizure behaviours and duration of tail rigidity in offspring. Moreover, the onset of the first convulsive behaviour was accelerated. Furthermore, a significantly lower body weight was observed in pre‐conceptionally stressed offspring. However, the CE extract significantly improved these symptoms.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that CE administration possibly improves the consequences of pre‐pregnancy stress, as well as seizure behaviours and weight loss in pups.
Optimizing the myofibrillar‐plant proteins emulsion by ultrasound techniques: Improvements in structural and functional properties
Authors: Ijaz Muawuz , Wang Xu , Ren Chi , Hou Chengli , Wang Zhenyu , Li Xin , Zhang Dequan
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The integration of myofibrillar proteins with plant proteins has gained substantial consideration in the food industry for producing healthier and more sustainable food products. However, achieving the desired properties of these protein emulsions remains challenging. High‐intensity ultrasound treatment has emerged as a promising method to enhance the structural and functional properties of emulsions. We have explored the previously unexamined potential of ultrasonication with respect to improving the stability of animal‐plant‐based protein emulsions, providing new insights into the interactions of novel protein combinations.

RESULTS

Ultrasonication improved the stability of the myofibrillar protein‐soybean protein isolate (MS), myofibrillar protein‐pea protein (MP) and myofibrillar protein‐hydrolyzed wheat protein (MW) emulsions. Interestingly, the particle size of MS, MP and MW emulsions was significantly reduced with ultrasound treatment for 20 min. Among the three protein combinations, MW presented better stability, as indicated by the higher zeta potential, lower particle size and turbidity values. Moreover, the stability of MW was increased with an increasing ultrasound time.

CONCLUSION

The stability of MW was significantly improved after 10 min of ultrasound treatment as a result of improving the zeta potential, particle size and turbidity values, changing the secondary structure and microstructure of the emulsion. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
CD25 downregulation by tumor exosomal microRNA‐15a promotes interleukin‐17‐producing γδ‐T‐cells‐mediated radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiwei , Xiang Zheng , Zhang Yanmei , Tu Chloe Ran , Huang Chunyu , Chung Yuet , Zhang Wenyue , Wang Manni , Liu Yinping , Tu Wenwei
Published: February 2025

Interleukin (IL)‐17‐producing γδ‐T cells (γδT‐17) are a major source of IL‐17 within the tumor microenvironment and have been shown to influence tumor development and therapy outcomes in various cancers. However, the role and presence of γδT‐17 cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain poorly understood. It is also unclear how these cells might affect radiotherapy, the primary treatment for NPC patients. In this study, we discovered that NPC tumor tissues were rich in γδT‐17 cells. Exosomes released from NPC cells (NPC‐Exos) could direct γδ‐T cells to differentiate into γδT‐17 cells. These NPC‐Exos‐induced γδT‐17 cells were found to enhance radioresistance in NPC, both in vitro and in vivo. Blocking IL‐17 secreted by NPC‐Exos‐induced γδT‐17 cells restored NPC cell sensitivity to radiation and elevated radiation‐induced cell death. Mechanistic studies revealed that NPC‐Exos not only increased the release of IL‐17‐promoting cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐23 from dendritic cells, but also suppressed CD25/IL‐2 signaling in γδ‐T cells, facilitating γδT‐17 differentiation. The suppression of CD25/IL‐2 signaling was driven by microRNA‐15a (miR‐15a) carried by NPC exosomes. Furthermore, miR‐15a inhibitors were able to prevent γδT‐17 induction by NPC‐Exos. Our findings reveal a novel immunoregulatory role of NPC‐Exos and offer potential strategies to combat NPC radioresistance.
Circular RNAs in cancer
Authors: Guo Yang , Huang Qiang , Heng Yu , Zhou Yujuan , Chen Hui , Xu Chengzhi , Wu Chunping , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang
Published: February 2025

Circular RNA (circRNA), a subtype of noncoding RNA, has emerged as a significant focus in RNA research due to its distinctive covalently closed loop structure. CircRNAs play pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, functioning through mechanisms such as miRNAs or proteins sponging, regulation of splicing and gene expression, and serving as translation templates, particularly in the context of various cancers. The hallmarks of cancer comprise functional capabilities acquired during carcinogenesis and tumor progression, providing a conceptual framework that elucidates the nature of the malignant transformation. Although numerous studies have elucidated the role of circRNAs in the hallmarks of cancers, their functions in the development of chemoradiotherapy resistance remain unexplored and the clinical applications of circRNA‐based translational therapeutics are still in their infancy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of circRNAs, covering their biogenesis, unique characteristics, functions, and turnover mechanisms. We also summarize the involvement of circRNAs in cancer hallmarks and their clinical relevance as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, especially in thyroid cancer (TC). Considering the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers and the fascination of circRNA‐based therapeutics, the “Ying‐Yang” dynamic regulations of circRNAs in TC warrant vastly dedicated investigations.
Lawsuit: Unfounded MH claims launch probes of pregnant Vermonters
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2025

Vermont's child welfare agency engages in a broad practice of surveilling and punishing pregnant women based on unfounded claims about their parenting capacity, including those related to their mental health, a newly filed lawsuit alleges. The complaint in the Vermont Superior Court case accuses the state Department for Children and Families (DCF) of illegally enlisting medical and social service agencies to provide information about the women they are monitoring on a “high‐risk pregnancy docket.”
Following launch of 988, MH crisis services failed to increase
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2025

The July 2022 launch of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline did not coincide with significant growth in the availability of most crisis services, stated the authors of new RAND research that found instead, a small increase in peer support services.
Pew: Hospitals miss the mark in screening for suicide risk
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2025

Although health care providers understand the value of universal risk screening, gaps in practice remain, according to an article by The Pew Charitable Trusts that explored the prevalence of suicide risk screening practices among Joint Commission‐accredited non‐psychiatric hospitals. More than a third of U.S. hospitals are missing opportunities to identify more people experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors and connect them to care, the article indicated.
Preadult Living Conditions During Sociopolitical Transition in Quebrada Chupacigarro Cemetery (500–400 bc), Supe Valley, Peru: Childhood Morbidity and Sociopolitical Change in Prehistoric Central Andes
Authors: Pezo‐Lanfranco Luis , Barreto Maria Inés , Filippini José , Silva Karoline , Crispín Aldemar , Machacuay Marco , Novoa Pedro , Shady Ruth
Published: February 2025

Through a detailed assessment of nonspecific stress markers in 67 individuals (47 under 8 years old), this paper investigates the health conditions of preadults in Quebrada Chupacigarro Cemetery (QCC), North‐Central Coast of Peru, during the transition between the Middle and Late Formative periods (500–400 bc), a critical time of sociopolitical change in the Central Andes. Our objectives are to determine (i) the nature of preadult morbidity and mortality, (ii) periods of greater vulnerability in the population, and (iii) the etiological factors associated with health–disease processes in this context of population pressure. The results show a high prevalence of anemia‐related stress markers in preadults with a strong selective mortality in < 3.5‐year‐old individuals, and recurrent periods of adult morbidity. These findings indicate exposure to disease because of overcrowding, lack of sanitation and malnourishment, and support the idea of precarious living conditions in the Supe Valley around 500–400 bc.
Porous nonwoven calendered fabrics (membranes) based on electrospun prepolymers of modified polyimides
Authors: Didenko Andrei , Vaganov Gleb , Nesterova Anna , Kamalov Almaz , Lavrentiev Victor , Popova Elena , Kraft Vadim , Anokhina Tatyana , Borisov Ilya , Abalov Ivan , Polotnyanshchikov Konstantin , Ivan'kova Elena , Malakhov Alexandr , Kudryavtsev Vladislav
Published: February 2025

The article presents data on the method of obtaining porous nonwoven polyimide fabrics (membranes), their deformation and strength characteristics, heat resistance, and surface properties. The membranes are produced as a result of a multistep processing of copoly(urethane‐imides) prepolymers that includes the synthesis of copoly(urethane‐amiс acids) of a given chemical composition, the molding of nonwoven fabrics (mats) by electrodeposition of copoly(urethane‐amic acids), the compaction of the volumetric structure of electrodeposited nonwoven fabrics by calendering on hot rollers, the thermal cyclization (imidization) of amic acid units of copolymers during calendering to form imides, and the controlled selective thermal destruction of the urethane groups in the copolymers conditioning the transition from poly(urethane‐imides) to polyimides, which is accompanied by the formation of pores in nonwoven polyimide fabrics, resulting in porous polyimide webs with specific properties. In the synthesis of the polymers studied, polycaprolactone diol, 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate, 4,4′‐oxydianiline, pyromellitic dianhydride, and 3,3′,4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride were used. The polymers were characterized using X‐ray, 1H NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron spectroscopy. The deformation and strength properties of the nonwoven polyimide fabrics were also determined. Chemical composition of the synthesized polymer systems and the conditions for creating porous polyimide nonwoven fabrics influence the physical properties of the resulting fabrics. Porous polyimide nonwoven fabrics hold promise for the development of advanced filtration materials with enhanced strength, heat resistance, and resistance to aggressive amide solvents, which could be used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The nonwoven fabrics are based on copoly(urethane imides) in terms of dimethylformamide (DMF) permeability and phthalocyanine rejection with a diameter of 240 nm. The DMF permeability was 280 kg/m2 h bar, the phthalocyanine rejection was 98%.

Highlights

Nonwoven poly(urethane‐amic acid) materials were obtained by electrodeposition.

Nonwovens were rolled at high temperatures and pressure.

The materials were compacted and acquired the structure of poly(urethane‐imides).

Porous polyimide materials were obtained by annealing poly(urethane‐imides).

The obtained materials have the properties of ultrafiltration membranes.
Implementation of Cystic Fibrosis Responsibility, Independence, Self‐Care, Education Program Enhances Cystic Fibrosis Knowledge in Limited Resource Country: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Balcı Merve Selcuk , Gökdemir Yasemin , Eralp Ela Erdem , Ergenekon Almala Pınar , Yegit Cansu Yılmaz , Yanaz Mürüvvet , Gulieva Aynur , Kalyoncu Mine , Karabulut Seyda , Cakar Neval Metin , Uzunoglu Burcu , Tastan Gamze , Kocaman Damla , Coskun Ozge Kenis , Gorgun Ilknur , Messier Randall , Mertz Pamela , Karakoc Fazilet , Karadag Bülent
Published: February 2025

Background

CF R.I.S.E is a program that helps people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF) transition from pediatric to adult care. In 2022, we adapted it to CF S.O.B.E in Turkish during a training session. This project aims to present the results of the CF S.O.B.E program.

Methods

This study included 81 pwCF aged 16–25, divided into two groups: the standard CF S.O.B.E. group (n = 39) and the modified group (n = 42). The standard group received face‐to‐face education. Both groups participated in online training sessions and received written materials. The knowledge levels were evaluated with Knowledge Assessment Questionnaires (KAQ).

Results

The standard group showed higher post‐training scores in “Lung Health and Airway Clearance” and “Equipment Maintenance and Infection Control” (p = 0.014 and 0.002). Modified group showed improvements in all KAQs except “Lung Health and Airway Clearance”, “CF‐related Liver Disease,” “Pancreatic Insufficiency and Nutrition,” and “Male Sexual Health.” Regarding Pancreatic Insufficiency & Nutrition and CF‐related Diabetes, individuals with these conditions demonstrated higher pretest scores than those without these conditions (p = 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). Both groups and their parents reported high satisfaction, and healthcare providers endorsed the program's effectiveness.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated the CF S.O.B.E program's success in enhancing knowledge, disease management skills, and self‐confidence among pwCF. While the modified CF S.O.B.E program may be suitable for resource‐limited centers, the priority should be to implement the standard program due to its superior outcomes in self‐confidence and disease management. This study lays the foundation for incorporating CF S.O.B.E as a standard practice and evaluating its long‐term clinical impact.
Modeling and Simulation of Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics and Hepatic Biomarkers After Overdoses of Extended‐Release and Immediate‐Release Formulations in Healthy Adults Using the Quantitative Systems Toxicology Software Platform DILIsym
Authors: Beaudoin James J. , Yang Kyunghee , Howell Brett A. , Kenz Zackary , Lakhani Vinal V. , Woodhead Jeffrey L. , Lai John C. K. , Gelotte Cathy K. , Sista Sury , Atillasoy Evren
Published: February 2025

Acetaminophen (APAP) has been formulated as immediate‐, modified‐, and extended‐release tablets (APAP‐IR, ‐MR, and ‐ER, respectively). However, there was concern that APAP‐MR previously available in Europe could form a bezoar after a large overdose, leading to delayed absorption and atypical pharmacokinetics (PK) compared to APAP‐IR, and that current treatment guidelines developed for APAP overdose to prevent severe hepatotoxicity are inappropriate for APAP‐MR. In contrast, APAP‐ER caplets available in the United States are designed with an IR layer and an erodible ER layer. Using modeling and simulation, predicted PK and hepatotoxicity biomarkers following various acute overdose and repeated supratherapeutic ingestion (RSTI) scenarios with APAP‐IR and APAP‐ER were compared to investigate the differences between these two formulations. The existing APAP‐IR representation within DILIsym v8A, a quantitative systems toxicology model of drug‐induced liver injury, was updated, and an APAP‐ER model was developed, using newly acquired in vitro (e.g., tiny‐TIMsg) and clinical data. The model and simulated populations (SimPops) representing healthy adults were extensively validated, before simulating PK and three clinically useful hepatic biomarkers after various overdose scenarios. On average, APAP exposure after acute overdose and RSTI in healthy adults was predicted to be slightly lower for APAP‐ER compared to APAP‐IR, partially due to lower APAP absorption for APAP‐ER, while not markedly impacting the expected time course of APAP plasma concentrations. Similar hepatic biomarker profiles were predicted for both APAP formulations. Based on these results, the APAP overdose consensus treatment guidelines updated in 2023 are not further impacted by this report.
Investigating the Multifunctional Role of Sr2FeMnO6 Double Perovskite in Spintronic and Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Rather Mudasir Rashid , Bilal Fauqia , Mushtaq Aashiq , Parvaiz Arqum , Hassan Tawseef , Ghosh Sukanya , Sultan Khalid
Published: February 2025

Herein, the double‐perovskite Sr2FeMnO6 is investigated using density functional theory to investigate its electronic, magnetic, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties. The Sr2FeMnO6 show the ferromagnetic phase stability with the formation energy of about −2.53 eV. Spin‐polarized band structure and density of states (DOS) calculations, performed using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE‐GGA) and modified Becke–Johnson (GGA + mBJ) methods, confirm a half‐metallic nature. The system exhibits metallic behavior in the spin‐up channel, whereas the low‐spin counterpart demonstrates semiconducting characteristics with a bandgap of about 1.38 eV. A total magnetic moment of 7 μB per formula unit is observed, predominantly originating from Fe and Mn atoms, with induced magnetism in oxygen attributed to Mn‐3d, Fe‐3d, and O‐2p orbital interactions. The thermoelectric behavior of the system is studied by employing the semiclassical Boltzmann theory‐based BoltzTraP code for both spin channels, revealing zT values of 0.98 and 0.94 for spin‐down and spin‐up channels, respectively, with zT decreasing and the power factor increasing with temperature. These findings highlight Sr2FeMnO6 as a promising candidate for spintronics, spin dynamics, and energy‐harvesting applications, offering insights into its multifunctional potential.
Spatial variability of near‐surface air temperature in the Copernicus Arctic regional reanalysis
Authors: Remes Teresa , Køltzow Morten , Kähnert Marvin
Published: February 2025

This study investigates spatial variability of near‐surface air temperature at scales of tens of kilometres in the European Arctic, using the Copernicus Arctic Regional Reanalysis (CARRA) data from 1991 to 2022. It examines factors influencing this variability, compares model‐derived variability with observed subgrid variability, and evaluates its impact on model verification. Key findings reveal that spatial variability is strongly influenced by geographical features and seasonal changes. The highest seasonal spatial variability is found during winter, particularly near coasts, mountainous regions, and sea ice edges where persistent temperature gradients drive baseline variability. In contrast, in inland Scandinavia, where climatic temperature gradients are less pronounced, situation‐dependent variability predominates. The study highlights these distinct patterns of variability in Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, and Sodankylä, Finland. In Sodankylä, high variability is found under cold and stable conditions, with variability peaking above the surface due to spatial differences in temperature inversion development. The observed spatial variability largely aligns with the modeled CARRA data, particularly in terms of the relationship between baseline and situation‐dependent variability. Furthermore, considerable subgrid variability observed in Sodankylä accounts for a substantial portion of the difference between the model grid box value and observed point value. These findings emphasize the importance of considering spatial variability in weather forecasting, model verification, model intercomparisons, and process studies.
Data‐Driven Dynamic Event‐Triggered Load Frequency Control for Multi‐Area Interconnected Power Systems With Random Delays
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Zhao Huarong , Peng Li , Yu Hongnian
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates a load frequency control issue for multi‐area interconnected unknown power systems with random communication delays. First, a model‐free adaptive control scheme is established by building an equivalent data‐relationship model between the area control error and corresponding control input. Then, a dynamic event‐triggered scheme is designed to improve resource utilization and reduce computational burden. Furthermore, random communication delays in the feedback and forward channels are considered. The results show that the proposed method is independent of any model information about the power system, only using the controlled system's control input and output data. Several simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti‐Glioma Activity Evaluation of Dehydroabietic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Liu Yuanhui , Qiu Yifeng , Li Ming , Liu Ying , Luo Yan , Chen Gong , Ye Lianbao
Published: February 2025

Dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) is a common natural product with a broad range of biological activities. In previous research, our group identified a range of dehydroabietic acid derivatives with strong anti‐glioma activity. In order to search for better anti‐glioma drugs candidates, new chalcone derivatives A1‐A10 and B1‐B10 were designed and synthesized in this study. The antiproliferative activity of these derivatives against U87 glioma cells was tested by CCK‐8 assay, in which A10 has the best IC50 value of 11.39 µM. Scratch and cloning studies further confirmed that A10 strongly inhibited the proliferation and colony‐forming activity of U87 cells. The antiproliferative activity of A10 on U87 cells showed some concentration dependence manner and the pKa values of A10 were within the desirable range of anti‐gliomas drugs. In addition, molecular docking revealed hydrogen bonding interaction was formed between A10 and the target protein. These results suggest that A10 may be a promising DHAA‐derived lead compound that deserves further strategic optimization in search of the anticancer candidates against glioma.
Structural and Kinetic Analysis of Photochromic Organic Salts Derived from 3,6‐Bis(bromomethyl)durene and Nicotinic Acid/Methyl Nicotinate
Authors: Tanaka Akihiro , Kusumoto Sotaro , Ide Takumi , Hamamoto Nobutsugu , Okamura Masaya , Hikichi Shiro , Kim Yang , Koide Yoshihiro , Hayami Shinya
Published: February 2025

The photochromic properties of organic bromide salts prepared from 3,6‐bis(bromomethyl)durene and nicotinic acid/methyl nicotinate were explored. UV exposure induced color changes, revealing distinct photoresponsive rates for each compound. Structural analysis, electron spin resonance (ESR), and DFT calculations elucidated the underlying mechanisms, highlighting the critical role of electron transfer and supramolecular interactions. This study provides structural insights to enhance the photochromic properties of non‐viologen compounds.