bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Capillary Network Air Conditioning System Based on Three-constant Technology in Gymnasium
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Zhang Fan
Published: May 2021

With the advancement of social development, the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology puts higher requirements on the environmental quality of modern large-scale venues, which requires innovative concepts and high-tech to meet the requirements. In the paper, the capillary radiant air conditioning system based on three-constant technology is taken as the research object, and the steady heat transfer mathematical model of heat transfer from the cold water in the capillary network to the room is established. The structural parameters and operating parameters of the capillary radiant air conditioner are simulated and analyzed for the influence of its thermal performance, the environmental quality detection and control method based on bilinear model was established, and the algorithm of each index parameter was optimized to improve the high consistency between the model prediction parameters and the control tracking parameters. After verifying and testing the model parameters, it proves that the research content of the paper is real and effective, which its effect has reached the value of practical application. Through the research on the capillary network air conditioning system based on three-constant technology, it proves that the application in the construction of large venues has the effect of energy saving and environmental protection, and provides an innovative reference for the construction and development of the stadium.
Modelling and Simulation Analysis of Power Flow Router in Energy Internet
Authors: Hou Lei , Su Kun , Qing Cheng , Xia Tian , Yang Chao , Duan Lijuan
Published: May 2021

With a large number of distributed generation (DG) and controllable load connected to the power grid under the background of energy Internet development, the security and stability of the grid are challenged. Power flow control has become a problem of the operation of the power grid. Power flow router (PFR) has become an important element of energy Internet. It is an effective way to realize the power flow control of active distribution network when abundant distributed resources are connected to the grid. In this paper, the steady-state and dynamic operation characteristics of PFR are studied, and the corresponding mathematical model is established. The effect of PFR on optimizing the power flow and improving the dynamic characteristics of distribution network is analysed by the 14-node distribution network case simulating.
Based on big data technology to effectively create university cultural and creative innovation and entrepreneurship platform
Authors: Jian Shen
Published: May 2021

There are some problems in the work of innovation and entrepreneurship in Colleges and universities, such as the difficulty of cultural and creative project management, the complexity of competition project selection process, the lack of curriculum system construction ideas, and the lack of innovation and entrepreneurship ability. Through the cloud platform, we can integrate the relevant data of innovation and entrepreneurship, and pass the multi-dimensional massive data through the unified portal Data cloud platform for interaction, customized interactive innovation and entrepreneurship services for each cultural and creative project entrepreneur, realized the clustering and sharing of entrepreneurial resources, unlimited expansion of entrepreneurial space, and benefit sharing in the era of big data.
Study on risk assessment of expressway nighttime maintenance construction: A Dynamic Bayesian Network model
Authors: Tian Zhen , Fan Jinhua , Chen Qianqian , Hu Huaichen , Shen Yanyang
Published: May 2021

There are many risk factors and large uncertainties in expressway nighttime maintenance construction(ENMC), and the state of risk factors will change dynamically with time. In this study, a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model was proposed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the time-varying probability of traffic accidents during expressway maintenance at night. Combined with Leaky Noisy-or gate extended model, the calculation method of conditional probability is determined . By setting evidences for DBN reasoning, the time series change curve of the probability of traffic accidents and other risk factors are obtained. The results show that DBN can be applied to risk assessment of ENMC.
Research on Infrared Temperature Measurement Image Enhancement Technology of Transmission Line
Authors: Li Mu , Li Tao , Zheng Lei , Xu Fen
Published: May 2021

It is one of the important means to ensure the safety of transmission line and its equipment to realize the rapid identification and accurate diagnosis of visual defect fault points of transmission line. In this paper, an adaptive infrared image enhancement algorithm is proposed based on the research of infrared image features and various image enhancement algorithms. The algorithm first filters the infrared image to remove the random noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image; then, based on the histogram analysis of the infrared image, adaptively selects the upper and lower thresholds of the gray histogram, and uses the histogram segmentation to divide the infrared image into three parts: target, target and background aliasing, and background. Finally, through the gray analysis of the three distributions, the algorithm can extract the gray image. Finally, infrared image background suppression and target enhancement are realized. By comparing the effect before and after image enhancement, it is proved that the algorithm has strong practicability.
An improved islanding detection algorithm based on AFDPF
Authors: Ma Lulu , Guo Xiujuan , Wei Liming
Published: May 2021

Unplanned islanding is a harmful phenomenon that will cause a series of adverse effects on the power grid. Therefore, islanding detection is a necessary feature of a microgrid with distributed power generation. Based on the Active Frequency Drift with Positive Feedback (AFDPF) algorithm, this paper proposes an improved frequency offset method.The method uses the frequency difference between two cycles to determine the direction of the disturbance signal. The value of the third power is superimposed on the point of common coupling (PCC)to improve detection speed.And check the Nondetection zone of this method based on the Qf0×Cnom coordinate system. Finally, through MATLAB/simulink simulation, the effectiveness and superiority of the improved frequency shift islanding detection algorithm are verified.
Research on Wind Disaster Accident of Port Crane
Authors: Zhang Bin , Tong Yao-ting , Qin Li , Huang Zheng-qiu
Published: May 2021

Gust is the most serious natural disaster that threatens the safety of port portal crane. The wind resistance of some port cranes is not optimistic, and wind disaster accidents occur frequently. Based on the analysis of some classic cases of wind disasters at home and abroad, this paper finds out the weak links of the wind proof ability of port portal crane, and puts forward the countermeasures to improve and enhance the wind proof ability of port portal crane.
Research on NDT-based Positioning for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Liu Sijia , Luo Jie , Hu Jinmin , Luo Haoru , Liang Yu
Published: May 2021

Autonomous driving technology is one of the currently popular technologies, while positioning is the basic problem of autonomous navigation of autonomous vehicles. GPS is widely used as a relatively mature solution in the outdoor open road environment. However, GPS signals will be greatly affected in a complex environment with obstruction and electromagnetic interference, even signal loss may occur if serious, which has a great impact on the accuracy, stability and reliability of positioning. For the time being, L4 and most L3 autonomous driving modules still provide registration and positioning based on the high-precision map constructed. Based on this, this paper elaborates on the reconstruction of the experimental scene environment, using the SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) method to construct a highprecision point cloud map. On the constructed prior map, the 3D laser point cloud NDT matching method is used for real-time positioning, which is tested and verified on the “JAC Electric Vehicle” platform. The experimental results show that this algorithm has high positioning accuracy and its real-time performance meets the requirements, which can replace GPS signals to complete the positioning of autonomous vehicles when there is no GPS signal or the GPS signal is weak, and provide positioning accuracy meeting the requirements.
Application of Improved Apriori Algorithm in Diagnosis of Abnormal Building Energy Consumption
Authors: Wang Yanwei , Zhang Hanyuan , Zhang Guiqing , Tian Feng , Ren Fei
Published: May 2021

The analysis of building abnormal energy consumption is of great significance to the effective energy saving of buildings. To apply the relationship between the running status of building equipment and energy consumption to the diagnosis of abnormal energy consumption, an abnormal diagnosis method of building energy consumption based on the improved Apriori association rules is proposed. An improved Apriori algorithm is proposed for building energy consumption data with a large amount of data and multi-value attributes. The improved Apriori algorithm determines whether different attribute values of the same attribute data are in advance when generating candidate sets, reduces the number of comparisons, and improves the algorithm efficiency. By analyzing the abnormal energy consumption of the chiller in the refrigeration station of a commercial building, the superiority of the improved Apriori algorithm is proved, and the abnormal energy consumption is found, which verifies the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method.
Environmental costing research based on a CiteSpace analysis
Authors: Wu Jia , Gong Zhiqi
Published: May 2021

Taking Scopus database as data source, CiteSpace was used to construct knowledge map of environmental cost accounting research, and the current research hotspots and future research trends in this field were analyzed. According to the research results, relevant suggestions are put forward to provide reference for the development of environmental cost accounting research.
Strategies for Improving Government Governance Ability in Information Age
Authors: Wei Jia
Published: May 2021

With the continuous development of various modern information technologies, Chinese economic and social development has entered a brand new stage. The local government governance capabilities must be continuously improved to adapt to the new requirements of the new stage, which requires the active application of modern information technology to promote the construction of government governance capabilities. Based on this, this article discusses the improvement strategy of government governance in the information age. Combining the current shortcomings in the construction of government governance capacity in some regions, this paper discusses relevant suggestions on how to improve government governance capacity based on informatization methods from various aspects, hoping to provide reference for related work in the future.
Safety risk assessment based on reloading airdrop mission
Authors: Xu Jihui , Liu Tengfei , Tian Wenjie , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Jing , Chen Yujin
Published: May 2021

Implementing risk assessment is of great significance to aviation safety. At present, with the gradual assembly of large transport aircraft with troops, it has become an urgent matter to carry out reloading airdrop to achieve the desired combat purpose and effect. In this paper, the task process of reloading airdrop is described in detail, the risk evaluation index system is established by using the questionnaire, and the probability and severity of the evaluation index are scored, and the risk grade is determined according to the risk matrix. Finally, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used for risk assessment, and the corresponding preventive measures are put forward. The evaluation results show that in the process of heavy load airdrop, attention should be paid to the possibility of aircraft instability during the process of equipment and materials delivery.
Supplier Selection and Evaluation of Fresh Supermarket Based on AHP
Authors: Fu Mian , Wang Dan Dan
Published: May 2021

With the change of consumption concept, fresh food is the necessity of people’s life. The main value of fresh food is reflected in the freshness of products and the reliability of consumption. The selection and evaluation of suppliers of fresh food is the primary problem that fresh supermarket enterprises need to consider at present. Taking fresh supermarket supplier selection as the research object, this paper analyzes the key influencing factors of fresh supermarket enterprise supplier selection and evaluation, and constructs a fresh supermarket enterprise supplier selection and evaluation index system with 4 first level indicators and 15 second level indicators. At the same time, using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation method, this paper analyzes the evaluation index system of fresh legend supermarket in Hefei city of Anhui Province. According to the evaluation results, suppliers need to increase the rapid response capacity and improve the cold chain logistics facilities and equipment.
Research on Submarine landslide monitoring and early warning system
Authors: Yan Shanshan , Xue Liang , Liang Tianyang , Hou Yankai , Liu Hanlu , Shan Hongxian
Published: May 2021

Monitoring and early warning of submarine landslides could provide instant predictions for landslides, which is to avoid the destructive damage of submarine facilities such as pipelines and optical cable, etc effectively. However, researches on submarine landslide focus on numerical simulation and laboratory test, lacking support of in-situ observation data. This paper established the submarine landslide monitoring and early warning system by combining real-time monitoring data with web network platform and database technique. Based on the computational analysis of key monitoring parameters in the process of seabed deformation and sliding, the system has realized the accurate prediction and early warning of submarine landslides. The system has been applied to the submarine landslide monitoring in Zhoushan sea area, Zhejiang province, China, which has ensured the safety of offshore platforms and submarine projects in this area. The establishment of this system provides a new idea and method for submarine landslide warning.
Study on the effect of modified zeolite on treating nitrate in water and its influencing factors
Authors: Yang Hui , He Huan , Yan Yujie
Published: May 2021

In view of the current application of modified materials in water treatment, the research status of nitrate removal from water by modified zeolite was summarized and analyzed. In this paper, several modification methods of zeolite are summarized, the adsorption mechanism is analyzed, the influencing factors of adsorption are discussed, the adsorption effect of modified zeolite is compared, and the study on the modification of zeolite is prospected.
Changes in Homogeneous degree Caused by Marine Oil Spill
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Qin Qianqian , Jing Dongmei , Lin Dong , Li Haixia
Published: May 2021

Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in May, September and October 1993, this paper studies the surface horizontal distribution of PHC content in Jiaozhou Bay waters. According to the definition, model and classification of Yang Dongfang homogeneity theory of matter content in waters proposed by the author, the calculation results show that in May, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 46.86μg/L, and the homogeneity of PHC content was 8.15%. At this time, the PHC content had non-homogeneity; in September, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 6.53μg/L, and the homogeneous was 48.58%, on which the PHC content had a low degree of homogeneity; in October, the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 0.40μg/L, and the homogeneity was 96.61%, on which the PHC content had a high degree of homogeneity. This shows that in May, in the entire waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was the only source of marine oil spill transportation, and the PHC content transported was 51.00μg/L, which was relatively high, resulting that the PHC content was unevenly distributed in the entire water body in the bay. In September, in the entire waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was only the source of marine oil spill transportation, and its PHC content was 12.70μg/L, which was relatively low. In this way, the distribution of PHC content in the entire water body was lowly homogeneous. In October, there was no source of PHC content in the bay, and the PHC content was relatively low. In this way, the distribution of PHC content in the entire water body was highly homogeneous. From May to September, the monthly decline rate of the PHC content from marine oil spill was 9.57μg/L, the monthly decline rate of the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 10.08μg/L, and the monthly increase rate of the homogeneity of PHC content was 10.10%. From September to October, the monthly decline rate of the PHC content of marine oil spill was 12.70μg/L, the monthly decline rate of the non-homogeneous column of PHC content was 6.13μg/L, and the monthly increase rate of the homogeneity of PHC content was 48.03%. This fully reveals that the PHC content of marine oil spill is the driving force of its non-homogeneity in the water area, while the ocean tides and currents are the driving force of its homogeneity in the water area. Based on this, the author puts forward the theory of homogeneous distribution of material content: under the action of ocean tides and currents, the ocean has the characteristics of homogeneity, and the distribution of material content in the ocean water body shows homogeneity.
Exploring the potential for CAI implementation in interpreter training in Ukraine
Authors: Karaban Viacheslav , Karaban Anna
Published: May 2021

The article purports to assess the potential of the current European training in computer-assisted interpreting and associated technological competence development for making the corresponding technological turn in Ukraine’s tertiary interpreter education based on a narrative review. Discussed are the issues of the technological turn in interpreting and its teaching, the corresponding awareness of educators and interpreters, the role of computer-assisted interpreting (CAI) tools in interpreting activities and training, the related challenges faced by interpreters and interpreters’ training, and how Ukraine compares in this with the developments in the EU. Some problems are dwelt upon of COVID-propelled interpreting digitalization. Conclusions imply that Ukraine must undertake quickly such a technological turn not to lag behind the ongoing process of changes in interpreting and interpreter training.
Equivalence in Ukrainian-English translation of institutional academic terminology
Authors: Vozna Marina , Antonyuk Natalia
Published: May 2021

The article looks into the issue of translation equivalence based on semantic and pragmatic approaches to specialised terminology as used in institutional academic settings. The relations of full, near and partial equivalence and no-equivalence were analysed for pairs of Ukrainian and English terms and semi-terms selected from texts on Ukrainian university sites, representing examples of Ukrainian translation from English. Parallels were made with specialised English institutional terminology used on original British university sites. The material analysed demonstrated a low degree of homogeneity of the two terminological systems resulting from different approaches to understanding the objectives of university tuition, its principles and procedures. Conclusions were drawn as to the translator’s success or failure in achieving equivalence, which was shown to depend on taking into account a number of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The importance of semantic structure analysis of terminology in both languages was demonstrated to facilitate the avoidance of translation failures, the task being unduly complex given the absence of comprehensive specialised bilingual dictionaries.
Ukrainian culture fansubbed: Challenges of amateur subtitling
Authors: Gach Nataliia , Trykashna Yuliia , Zahrebelnyi Artem
Published: May 2021

The research addresses the issues of rendering culture specific information in amateur subtitling from the Ukrainian into the English language. The fansubbing of proper names, culture-bound common nouns, formulaic sequences, sociolects and songs by the non-professional translators for whom English is a foreign language is the main focus of this study. Thus, the comparative analysis of the Ukrainian filmsChasing Two Hares(1961),Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors(1965) andPrayer for Hetman Mazepa(2001), and their English subtitles reveals the difficulties fansubbers may face, as well as discusses translations strategies and techniques employed. Moreover, the study delves into reasons underlying the choice of translation approaches by nonprofessional subtitlers, including the collaborative nature of the process, the lack of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, as well as the insufficient mastering of the target language. Therefore, being a comprehensive study of the ways to convey cultural connotations of the original text by means of a foreign language on the level of fansubs, the research gives insight into the interconnection between the translation techniques used to render cultural references and the effect a target text may have on the audience.
Allergiebehandlung in der TCVM
Authors: Eul-Matern Christina
Published: May 2021

Die traditionelle chinesische Medizin (TCM) betrachtet und behandelt Zustände wie allergische Reaktionen nicht auf der Oberfläche der äußeren Zeichen wie Juckreiz, Schwellung, Rötung, sondern interpretiert körperliche Reaktionen im Außen als Zeichen tiefer liegender Schwächung des Systems wegen anhaltender Reizung durch einen pathogenen Restfaktor. Laut Kapitel 63 des Ni Jing Su Wen werden die Hauptleitbahnen durch Sonderleitbahnen enger verknüpft, sodass eine stabile Innen-Außen-Beziehung besteht. Außerdem bringen sie das Qi und Blut aller Meridiane bis zum Gesicht und Kopf. Sie transportieren Wei Qi und Yuan Qi. Über sie können exogene pathogene Faktoren nach innen und außen gelangen. Ihre Aufgabe ist der Schutz der tiefer liegenden Organe (Zang Fu) und der Hauptmeridiane. Insbesondere werden sie aktiv, wenn das Yuan Qi nicht jahreszeitlich angepasst reagieren kann und allergische Reaktionen auftreten. Durch spezielle Akupunkturkonzepte ist es möglich, den jeweiligen
pathogenen Restfaktor über die betroffene Sonderleitbahn auszuleiten und den Organismus zu entlasten.
COVID-19 und die Ökonomik von Leben und Tod
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: May 2021

Im Jahr 1993 veröffentlichte Amartya Sen seinen nicht nur in Fachkreisen
beachteten Artikel „The Economics of Life and Deaths“ 1. In diesem Beitrag, ins Deutsche zu
übersetzen als „Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Überlegungen
[Economics] zu Leben und Tod“, formuliert der Harvard-Professor und
spätere Nobel-Preisträger wesentliche Gedanken seiner kritischen
Wohlfahrtsökonomik auf dem Weg zu einer „Ökonomie
für den Menschen“ 2. Er weist
darauf hin, dass sich die Wirtschaftswissenschaften nicht nur mit Ressourcen wie
Einkommen und Vermögen als solchen beschäftigen sollten, sondern
auch mit deren Gebrauch zu bedeutsameren Zwecken, insbesondere für ein
langes und lebenswertes Leben.
Prostatabiopsie 2021 – Was ist aktuell?
Authors: Wagenlehner Florian , Bonkat Gernot , Pilatz Adrian
Published: May 2021

Infektionskomplikationen nach Prostatabiopsie nehmen zu aufgrund zunehmender Antibiotikaresistenz insbesondere gegenüber Fluorchinolonen. Fluorchinolone sind als perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe in Deutschland durch das Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) nicht mehr zugelassen.

Die Leitliniengruppe Urologische Infektionen der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Urologie (EAU) hat kürzlich eine Meta-Analyse in zwei Teilen auf der Basis randomisiert kontrollierter Studien (RCTs) veröffentlicht. Die transperineale Prostatabiopsie ist mit signifikant weniger Infektionskomplikationen assoziiert als die transrektale Biopsie und sollte deswegen bevorzugt werden. Sollte dennoch eine transrektale Biopsie durchgeführt werden, sind eine intrarektale Reinigung mit Povidon-Jod sowie eine antibiotische Prophylaxe ohne Fluorchinolone zu verwenden. Als antibiotische Prophylaxestrategien kommen die zielgerichtete Prophylaxe nach Empfindlichkeitstestung der Enddarmflora, die augmentierte Prophylaxe mit mehreren Antibiotika und die empirische Mono-Prophylaxe mit Nicht-Fluorchinolonen in Frage. Daten aus RCTs liegen hier für Aminoglykoside, 3. Generationscephalosporine und Fosfomycin trometamol vor.
The Effect of Dialectic Behavioral Counseling on Depression, Anxiety, and Postpartum Hematocrit Level
Authors: Amiri Nasrin Pour , Ahmadi Atefeh , Mirzaee Firoozeh , Mirzai Moghadameh , Shahrokhi Nader
Published: May 2021

Objective Childbirth is a biological, psychological, and sociological event that can be a positive or negative experience, and, without support, this period may be potentially damaging. Parturition may distort maternal emotions and lead to short- or long-term disorders such as postpartum depression and anxiety. The present research aims to study the effects of dialectic behavioral therapy-based counseling on depression, anxiety symptoms, and postpartum hematocrit level.

Methods The current research is a clinical trial study, and the sample was selected using parturients who were referred to the Health General Center with a diagnosis of postpartum depression and anxiety. The sample size consisted of 116 subjects who agreed to participate in the study. The patients in intervention group underwent group dialectic behavioral counseling (10 sessions/one session per week) and the control group did not receive any type of intervention. The patients were assessed in the first and last sessions as well as 2 months after the end of the sessions, using the Beck depression scale and Spielberg anxiety scale as well as the results of hematocrit tests. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)

Results The results implied the effectiveness of dialectic behavioral therapy on reduction of the depression score, anxiety symptoms (p-value ≤ 0.0001), and hematocrit level (p-value = 0.04). The participants' depression, anxiety, and hematocrit levels decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group, and this decrease has remained until the 2-month follow-up.

Conclusion It seems that dialectic behavioral counseling reduces the levels of postpartum depression, anxiety, and hematocrits.
State policies and upgrading in global value chains: A systematic literature review
Authors: De Marchi Valentina , Alford Matthew
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the role of state policymaking in a context of global value chains (GVCs). While the literature acknowledges that states matter in GVCs, there is little understanding of how they matter from a policy perspective. We address this tension between theory and practice by first delineating the state’s facilitator, regulator, producer and buyer roles. We then explore the extent to which corresponding state policies enable or constrain the following policy objectives: GVC participation; value capture; and social and environmental upgrading. We do so via a systematic review of academic GVC literature, combined with analysis of seminal policy publications by International Organizations. Our findings indicate that state policymakers leverage facilitative strategies to achieve GVC participation and enhanced value capture; with regulatory and public procurement mechanisms adopted to address social and environmental goals. Mixed results also emerged, highlighting tensions between policies geared towards economic upgrading on the one hand, and social and environmental upgrading on the other. Finally, we suggest that effective state policies require a multi-scalar appreciation of GVC dynamics, working with multiple and sometimes competing stakeholders to achieve their developmental objectives.
An enhanced sampling QM/AMOEBA approach: The case of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer in solvated 3-hydroxyflavone
Authors: Nottoli Michele , Bondanza Mattia , Lipparini Filippo , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: May 2021

We present an extension of the polarizable quantum mechanical (QM)/AMOEBA approach to enhanced sampling techniques. This is achieved by connecting the enhanced sampling PLUMED library to the machinery based on the interface of Gaussian and Tinker to perform QM/AMOEBA molecular dynamics. As an application, we study the excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 3-hydroxyflavone in two solvents: methanol and methylcyclohexane. By using a combination of molecular dynamics and umbrella sampling, we find an ultrafast component of the transfer, which is common to the two solvents, and a much slower component, which is active in the protic solvent only. The mechanisms of the two components are explained in terms of intramolecular vibrational redistribution and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding, respectively. Ground and excited state free energies along an effective reaction coordinate are finally obtained allowing for a detailed analysis of the solvent mediated mechanism.
Non-adiabatic ring polymer molecular dynamics with spin mapping variables
Authors: Bossion Duncan , Chowdhury Sutirtha N. , Huo Pengfei
Published: May 2021

We present a new non-adiabatic ring polymer molecular dynamics (NRPMD) method based on the spin mapping formalism, which we refer to as the spin mapping NRPMD (SM-NRPMD) approach. We derive the path-integral partition function expression using the spin coherent state basis for the electronic states and the ring polymer formalism for the nuclear degrees of freedom. This partition function provides an efficient sampling of the quantum statistics. Using the basic properties of the Stratonovich–Weyl transformation, we further justify a Hamiltonian that we propose for the dynamical propagation of the coupled spin mapping variables and the nuclear ring polymer. The accuracy of the SM-NRPMD method is numerically demonstrated by computing the nuclear position and population auto-correlation functions of non-adiabatic model systems. The results obtained using the SM-NRPMD method agree very well with the numerically exact results. The main advantage of using the spin mapping variables over the harmonic oscillator mapping variables is numerically demonstrated, where the former provides nearly time-independent expectation values of physical observables for systems under thermal equilibrium. We also explicitly demonstrate that SM-NRPMD provides invariant dynamics upon various ways of partitioning the state-dependent and state-independent potentials.
Sponges, cnidarians, nematodes and minor animal phyla.
Authors: Rees Paul A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter contains questions on the classification, characteristics and anatomy of the Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda and a number of minor zoological phyla represented by relatively small numbers of species. The questions are divided into three levels, i.e. foundation, intermediate, and advanced. Knowledge of basic facts are dealt with at the foundation level while the intermediate level and advanced levels contain questions involving more obscure facts and concepts.
Birds and mammals.
Authors: Rees Paul A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter contains questions on the classification, anatomy, evolution and characteristics of birds and mammals.
Understanding the complexities of dry sliding wear behaviour of steels
Authors: Neog Suruj Protim , Kumar Amit Ranjan , Bakshi Subhankar Das , Das Sourav
Published: May 2021

Sliding wear behaviour is a very complex procedure where several parameters, including nature of the two abrading bodies and variables related to the conditions under which the actual experiments were conducted, may influence the final material loss. Disentangling these parameters will improve the understanding and the predictions can be compared with the performance of the existing materials. An attempt was made in the current work to develop a model, considering several material specific variables (e.g. composition, microstructure, hardness, etc.) along with the experimental conditions (load, distance, temperature, etc.). The predictions were quite consistent with existing knowledge. The model was also validated with actual experiments with varying load and distance slid conditions which were never known to the model.
Repeated remote ischaemic preconditioning can prevent acute mountain sickness after rapid ascent to a high altitude
Authors: Wang Zhen , Lv Bo , Zhang Lin , Gao Ran , Zhao Wenbo , Wang Lin , Min Zhaojun , Mi Zhen , Song Yang , Zhang Jing , Yu Yabin , Ji Xunming , Li Junjie , Wu Liyong
Published: May 2021

Background

This study assessed the effectiveness of 4 different repeated remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) protocols varying in duration and frequency for preventing acute mountain sickness (AMS) after rapid ascent to high altitude.

Methods

In a randomized but not blinded design, participants were assigned to receive either of the four RIPC treatments at low altitude (Group A, once daily for 1 week; Group B, twice daily for 1 week; Group C, once daily for 4 weeks; and Group D, twice daily for 4 weeks) or control (no specific sham treatment). Participants were then flown to a high altitude (3650 m). The primary outcome was the incidence and severity of AMS evaluated by the Lake Louise score (LLS) after arrival; vital signs were collected simultaneously.

Results

A total of 250 participants (50 per group; mean age 38.56 ± 0.76 years) were included. The overall AMS incidence was 26.4%. A total of 20 AMS cases (40%) occurred in the control group, 15 cases (30%) both in the RIPC A and RIPC B groups (RR 1.3; 95%CI 0.8‐2.3; χ2 = 1.099; p = 0.29), and 8 cases (16%) both in the RIPC C and D groups (RR 2.5; 95%CI 1.2 ‐ 5.2; χ2 = 7.143, p < 0.01), with significantly lower LLSs in the RIPC C and D groups (F = 6.51, p < 0.001). The scores of gastrointestinal symptoms (F = 7.42, p < 0.001) and dizziness (F = 9.82, p < 0.001) but not headache (F = 0.60, p > 0.05) were lower in the RIPC groups compared to control. The blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) decreased less in the RIPC B, C and D groups compared to control after arrival at a high altitude (F = 11.42, p < 0.001). The number of RIPC treatments received was moderately correlated with SpO2 (R = 0.38, p < 0.001), and SpO2 was moderately inversely correlated with the LLS (R = –0.48, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that a four‐week RIPC intervention but not a one‐week regimen reduced AMS incidence and severity; however, a placebo effect might have contributed to these results.
Reconstruction of sources from time domain scattered waves at sparse sensors
Authors: Ji Xia
Published: May 2021

We consider the source reconstruction from the time domain scattered waves at sparse sensors. We show that the smallest annular hull containing the unknown source can be uniquely determined by the scattered field at a fixed sensor. In particular, if the wave-form is a delta distribution, the concentric spheres passing through the point sources can be uniquely determined by the scattered field at the fixed sensor. We further show that both the locations and strengths of the point sources can be uniquely determined by the scattered field at finitely many properly chosen sensors. The uniqueness of an extended source has also be established. Motivated by the analysis, we introduce two numerical schemes, which can not only identify point sources but also reconstruct the support of an extended source. Both the theoretical results and the proposed numerical methods are then verified by the numerical examples. An extension of the results to the inverse scattering of point sources by point like scatterers is briefly sketched.
Pressure-sensitive paint measurements with temperature correction on the wing of AGARD-B under transonic flow conditions
Authors: Huang Chih-Yung , Lin Yun-Fang , Huang Yi-Xuan , Chung Kung-Ming
Published: May 2021

This study experimentally examined the flow phenomena and pressure distribution on the wing of Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Model B (AGARD-B) at a Mach number of 0.83. For simultaneous pressure and temperature measurement, a mesoporous pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) sensor was applied to one of the wings of AGARD-B at an angle of attack (AOA) of 0°–8° and a temperature-sensitive paint sensor was applied to the other wing. The collected temperature data were used for pixel-by-pixel temperature correction in a PSP experiment. The pressure distribution obtained on the AGARD-B wing through the PSP experiment with temperature correction agreed well with that obtained through computational flow dynamics (CFD) simulation and accurately indicated the low-pressure regions introduced by the vortex generated from the leading edge at an AOA larger than 4°. The lift coefficient calculated using the PSP data agreed well with that calculated using CFD.
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of hollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers wrapped by graphene as anodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Yuan Baige , Li Jun , Xia Manman , Zhang Ying , Lei Ruyan , Zhao Peng , Li Xiao
Published: May 2021

Hollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers wrapped by graphene were designed and successfully fabricated via a simple method. First, solid NiO + Ni nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination. Here, a portion of the metallic Ni was retained to improve the electrochemical performance of NiO by adjusting the calcination temperature. Next, the nanofibers were thoroughly mixed with different amounts of graphene and calcinated once more to form hollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers with an extremely high specific surface via the reaction between graphene and NiO on the nanofiber surface and subsequent migration of NiO into the nanofibers. Results showed that the obtained hollow-structured NiO + Ni electrode demonstrates optimal electrochemical performance when the graphene content is controlled to 3 wt%. The first cycle discharge/charge specific capacity of the electrode peaked (1596/1181 mAh · g−1) at 100 mA · g−1, with a coulombic efficiency of approximately 74% (60% for 0 wt% graphene, 65% for 1 wt% graphene, and 51% for 4 wt% graphene). It also presented excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles at 100 mA · g−1on account of its high retained discharge specific capacity (251 mAh · g−1for 0 wt% graphene, 385 mAh · g−1for 1 wt% graphene, 741 mAh · g−1for 3 wt% graphene, and 367 mAh · g−1for 4 wt% graphene). Moreover, the synthesized electrode possessed outstanding rate capability owing to its large average discharge specific capacity of approximately 546 mAh · g−1(45 mAh · g−1for 0 wt% graphene, 256 mAh · g−1for 1 wt% graphene, and 174 mAh · g−1for 4 wt% graphene) from 100 mA · g−1to 2000 mA · g−1. The observed improvement in electrochemical performance could be attributed to the increase in active sites and decrease in charge transport distance in the hollow-structured NiO + Ni nanofibers. Excessive introduction of graphene caused a sharp loss in electrochemical performance due to the agglomeration of graphene sheets on the nanofiber surfaces.
Local well-posedness of the compressible FENE dumbbell model of Warner type
Authors: Breit Dominic , Mensah Prince Romeo
Published: May 2021

We consider a dilute suspension of dumbbells joined by a finitely extendible nonlinear elastic connector evolving under the classical Warner potential

U

(

s

)

=
−

b

2

log

(

1
−

2
s

b

)

,

s
∈

[

0
,

b

2

)

. The solvent under consideration is modelled by the compressible Navier–Stokes system defined on the torus

T

d

with d = 2, 3 coupled with the Fokker–Planck equation (Kolmogorov forward equation) for the probability density function of the dumbbell configuration. We prove the existence of a unique local-in-time solution to the coupled system where this solution is smooth in the spacetime variables and interpreted weakly in the elongation variable. Our result holds true independently of whether or not the centre-of-mass diffusion term is incorporated in the Fokker–Planck equation.
Extreme first passage times of piecewise deterministic Markov processes
Authors: Lawley Sean D
Published: May 2021

The time it takes the fastest searcher out of N ≫ 1 searchers to find a target determines the timescale of many physical, chemical, and biological processes. This time is called an extreme first passage time (FPT) and is typically much faster than the FPT of a single searcher. Extreme FPTs of diffusion have been studied for decades, but little is known for other types of stochastic processes. In this paper, we study the distribution of extreme FPTs of piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs). PDMPs are a broad class of stochastic processes that evolve deterministically between random events. Using classical extreme value theory, we prove general theorems which yield the distribution and moments of extreme FPTs in the limit of many searchers based on the short time distribution of the FPT of a single searcher. We then apply these theorems to some canonical PDMPs, including run and tumble searchers in one, two, and three space dimensions. We discuss our results in the context of some biological systems and show how our approach accounts for an unphysical property of diffusion which can be problematic for extreme statistics.
Linear encoding of the spatiotemporal cat
Authors: Gutkin B , Cvitanović P , Jafari R , Saremi A K , Han L
Published: May 2021

The dynamics of an extended, spatiotemporally chaotic system might appear extremely complex. Nevertheless, the local dynamics, observed through a finite spatiotemporal window, can often be thought of as a visitation sequence of a finite repertoire of finite patterns. To make statistical predictions about the system, one needs to know how often a given pattern occurs. Here we address this fundamental question within a spatiotemporal cat, a one-dimensional spatial lattice of coupled cat maps evolving in time. In spatiotemporal cat, any spatiotemporal state is labeled by a unique two-dimensional lattice of symbols from a finite alphabet, with the lattice states and their symbolic representation related linearly (hence ‘linear encoding’). We show that the state of the system over a finite spatiotemporal domain can be described with exponentially increasing precision by a finite pattern of symbols, and we provide a systematic, lattice Green’s function methodology to calculate the frequency (i.e., the measure) of such states.
Hénon–Devaney like maps
Authors: Leal Bladismir , Muñoz Sergio
Published: May 2021

We prove a general theorem characterizing the transitivity of homeomorphisms with singularities in the plane. We provide examples where this theorem applies including the classical Hénon–Devaney map (1981 Commun. Math. Phys.
80 465–476). We also prove some results about the plane homeomorphisms satisfying the hypothesis of our theorem namely the Hénon–Devaney like maps. Indeed, we show that the maximal invariant set of a Hénon–Devaney like map is topologically conjugated to a shift map. Furthermore, every Hénon–Devaney like map is fixed point free with dense periodic orbits. This generalizes some constructions by Devaney (1981 Commun. Math. Phys.
80 465–476) and Lenarduzzi (2015 Discrete Continuous Dyn. Syst.
35 1163–1177).
Algebro-geometric integration of the Q1 lattice equation via nonlinear integrable symplectic maps
Authors: Xu Xiaoxue , Cao Cewen , Nijhoff Frank W
Published: May 2021

The Q1 lattice equation, a member in the Adler–Bobenko–Suris list of 3D consistent lattices, is investigated. By using the multidimensional consistency, a novel Lax pair for Q1 equation is given, which can be nonlinearized to produce integrable symplectic maps. Consequently, a Riemann theta function expression for the discrete potential is derived with the help of the Baker–Akhiezer functions. This expression leads to the algebro-geometric integration of the Q1 lattice equation, based on the commutativity of discrete phase flows generated from the iteration of integrable symplectic maps.
Partial regularity of a nematic liquid crystal model with kinematic transport effects
Authors: Du Hengrong , Wang Changyou
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we will establish the global existence of a suitable weak solution to the Erickson–Leslie system modelling hydrodynamics of nematic liquid crystal flows with kinematic transports for molecules of various shapes in

R

3

, which is smooth away from a closed set of (parabolic) Hausdorff dimension at most

15

7

.
Area convergence of Voronoi cells on spiral lattices
Authors: Yamagishi Yoshikazu , Sushida Takamichi , Sadoc Jean-François
Published: May 2021

An Archimedean spiral lattice with a radial distance exponent α, is locally approximated by linear lattices. If the angle parameter is badly approximable, the area of the Voronoi cell converges if it is properly normalized with α.
On Hölder solutions to the spiral winding problem
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M
Published: May 2021

The winding problem concerns understanding the regularity of functions which map a line segment onto a spiral. This problem has relevance in fluid dynamics and conformal welding theory, where spirals arise naturally. Here we interpret ‘regularity’ in terms of Hölder exponents and establish sharp results for spirals with polynomial winding rates, observing that the sharp Hölder exponent of the forward map and its inverse satisfy a formula reminiscent of Sobolev conjugates. We also investigate the dimension theory of these spirals, in particular, the Assouad dimension, Assouad spectrum and box dimensions. The aim here is to compare the bounds on the Hölder exponents in the winding problem coming directly from knowledge of dimension (and how dimension distorts under Hölder image) with the sharp results. We find that the Assouad spectrum provides the best information, but that even this is not sharp. We also find that the Assouad spectrum is the only ‘dimension’ which distinguishes between spirals with different polynomial winding rates in the superlinear regime.
Spectral properties of pattern sequences of general degrees
Authors: Zheng Yu , Peng Li , Kamae Teturo
Published: May 2021

We study the spectral measures associated with pattern sequences of general degrees. They are either discrete, purely singular or absolutely continuous. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the discreteness. We also obtain a sufficient condition to be absolutely continuous or to be the Lebesgue measure.