bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration experiments: an experimentalist alternative to multi-method approaches for measurement validation
Authors: Bach Dominik R , Rigdon Edward , Sarstedt Marko
Published: August 2023

Most theories in psychological, educational, and social sciences deal with latent, not directly observable, variables such as memory, cognitive skills, or job satisfaction. Measurement validation ensures that the actually taken measurements relate to the latent variable one is interested in, and is becoming ever more pervasive as a criterion for pre-registering specific sets of observables or data processing steps. According to the existing research canon, quantitative validation is ideally performed within the context of a multi-trait multi-method matrix (MTMM). While statistically fairly well developed, this approach has several conceptual and practical shortcomings that limit its domain of application: (1) the requirement for discriminant latent variables that can be measured with the same methods, (2) the requirement for conceptually different methods to disambiguate trait from methods factors, and most seriously (3) the difficulty in identifying a more valid over a less valid method. Here, we compare this to experiment-based calibration, a complementary approach for latent variables that can be externally manipulated. Inspired by the practice of experimental calibration in modern metrology (measurement science), this approach relies on an experimental treatment that introduces an external criterion, which is procedurally unrelated to the measurement methods. We show how calibration can compare even closely related measurement methods, dispenses with a need for discriminant latent variables, and allows optimizing the psychometric procedures themselves. Calibration can thus complement classical psychometrics for latent variables that are amenable to external manipulation, and could become part of an integrative validity argument in the psychological, educational, and social sciences.
Functional benefits of cognitively driven pupil-size changes
Authors: Vilotijević Ana , Mathot Sebastiaan
Published: August 2023

Pupil-size changes are typically associated with the pupil light response (PLR), wherethey are driven by the physical entry of light into the eye. However, pupil-size changes are also influenced by various cognitive processes, where they are driven byhigher-level cognition. For example, the strength of the PLR is not solely affected byphysical properties of the light but also by cognitive factors, such as whether thesource of light is attended or not, which results in an increase or decrease in thestrength of the PLR. Surprisingly, although cognitively driven pupil-size changes havebeen the focus of extensive research, their possible functions are rarely discussed.Here we consider the relative (dis)advantages of small versus large pupils in different situations from a theoretical point of view, and compare these to empirical results showing how pupil size actually changes in these situations. Based on this, we suggest that cognitively driven pupil-size changes optimize vision either through preparation, embodied representations, or a differential emphasis on central or peripheral vision. More generally, we argue that cognitively driven pupil-size changes are a form of sensory tuning: a subtle adjustment of the eyes to optimize vision for the current situation and the immediate future.
Early-phase neuroplasticity induced by offline transcranial ultrasound stimulation in primates
Authors: Bault Nadège , Yaakub Siti Nurbaya , Fouragnan Elsa
Published: August 2023

Of particular interest in the rapidly growing field of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is the use of “offline” TUS protocols. Offline TUS can modulate neural activity up to several hours after stimulation suggesting the induction of early-phase neuroplasticity. Studies in both humans and non-human primates have shown spatially specific changes in both the neuromodulation target and in a distributed network of regions associated with it. These changes suggest that excitatory or inhibitory effects are a result of a complex interaction between the protocol used and the underlying brain region and state. Understanding how early-phase neuroplasticity is induced by offline TUS could open avenues for influencing late-phase neuroplasticity and therapeutic applications in a wide range of brain disorders.
The contribution of the amount of linguistic exposure to bilingual language development: Longitudinal evidence from preschool years
Authors: Pérez-Navarro Jose , Lallier Marie
Published: August 2023

This study examined the influence of linguistic input on the development of productive and receptive skills across three fundamental language domains: lexico-semantics, syntax and phonology. 71 (35 female) Basque-Spanish bilingual children were assessed at three time points, between 4 and 6 years of age, by specifically examining language knowledge and spontaneous language use in each language. A direct impact of the amount of linguistic exposure on the longitudinal growth of lexico-semantic and syntactic abilities was observed in both languages. While phonological skills were not directly influenced by exposure, they were more proficient in the more exposed language. The use of lexically diverse and syntactically rich utterances developed relatively later than language knowledge, both supported by the amount of linguistic exposure.
Personalized Feedback about Immunity Corrects Risk Misestimation and Motivates Vaccination
Authors: Sinclair Alyssa Hannah , Taylor Morgan , Beckett Stephen J , Chande Aroon T. , Weitz Joshua S. , Samanez-Larkin Gregory Russell
Published: August 2023

Few individuals are up-to-date on COVID-19 vaccines, leading to widespread gaps in protection. Current vaccine communication strategies emphasize availability, with limited effectiveness for motivating recurring vaccinations and vaccine-hesitant individuals. To address this gap, we developed an intervention that targeted beliefs about immunity, providing personalized feedback about likely protection against COVID-19. In an online sample of participants (N=882, stratified by age and gender), this intervention effectively changed immunity beliefs and increased vaccination intentions. Two months later, belief changes endured, and self-reported vaccine uptake was approximately 8x higher than the US-national rate during the same time period. Importantly, our intervention was substantially more effective than existing, non-personalized interventions used by national public health organizations. We then scaled our intervention to a public website and replicated our findings in a nationally-representative sample (N=553). Overall, our novel psychological intervention changed immunity beliefs and motivated vaccination, of relevance for COVID-19, influenza, and future pandemic threats.
Evaluating the pedagogical effectiveness of study preregistration in the undergraduate dissertation: A Registered Report
Authors: Pownall Madeleine , Pennington Charlotte Rebecca , Norris Emma , Juanchich Marie , Smailes David , Russell P. Sophie , Gooch Debbie , Evans Thomas Rhys , Persson Sofia , Mak Matthew HC , Tzavella Loukia , Monk Rebecca , Gough Thomas , Benwell Christopher , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Farran Emily Kate , Gallagher-Mitchell Thomas , Kendrick Luke Thomas , Bahnmueller Julia , Nordmann Emily , Zaneva Mirela , Gilligan-Lee Katie Anne , Bazhydai Marina , Jones Andrew , Sedgmond Jemma , Holzleitner Iris Jasmin , Reynolds James , Moss Joanna , Farrelly Daniel , Parker Adam James , Clark Kait
Published: August 2023

Research shows that questionable research practices (QRPs) are present in undergraduate final-year dissertation projects. One entry-level Open Science practice proposed to mitigate QRPs is ‘study preregistration’, through which researchers outline their research questions, design, method and analysis plans prior to data collection and/or analysis. In this study, we aimed to empirically test the effectiveness of preregistration as a pedagogic tool in undergraduate dissertations using a quasi-experimental design. A total of 89 UK psychology students were recruited, including students who preregistered their empirical quantitative dissertation (n = 52; experimental group) and those who did not (n = 37; control group). Attitudes towards statistics, acceptance of QRPs, and perceived understanding of Open Science were measured both pre- and post-dissertation. Exploratory measures included capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B) to engage with preregistration, measured at Time 1 only. This study was conducted as a Registered Report; Stage 1 protocol: https://osf.io/9hjbw (date of in-principle acceptance: 21/09/2021). Contrary to hypotheses, study preregistration did not significantly impact attitudes towards statistics or acceptance of QRPs. However, students who preregistered reported greater perceived understanding of Open Science concepts from Time 1 to Time 2, compared with students who did not preregister. Exploratory analyses indicated that students who preregistered reported significantly greater capability, opportunity, and motivation to preregister. Qualitative responses revealed that preregistration was perceived to improve clarity and organisation of the dissertation, prevent QRPs, and promote rigour. Disadvantages and barriers included time, perceived rigidity, and need for training. These results contribute to timely discussions surrounding the utility of embedding Open Science principles into research training.
The Experiences and Needs of Displaced Refugee Men: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Le Dan
Published: August 2023

In 2016 there were an estimated 17 million refugees and people in refugee-like situations worldwide. Refugees face a myriad of negative experiences and psychological issues including trauma, distress, and poor economic outcomes such as unemployment or inadequate housing. Psychology literature displays a fair amount of research on displaced individuals, but little on the experiences of externally displaced men to a country other than their nation of origin. This review reveals that outcomes of refugee and displaced men have to date been ignored, and increased research is warranted as they often experience negative outcomes before and after displacement. This literature review reports on outcomes of male-focused refugee studies regarding mental health, physical health, and economic factors.
Influencing ICTs: Born in the West and “returning” to Vietnam
Authors: Le Dan
Published: August 2023

Since the 1986 Doi Moi reform, an increasing number of labor migrants and students leave Vietnam every year for better opportunities abroad. During the same period, members of the diaspora have been returning to the country. According to government estimates, over 500,000 Vietnamese return to Vietnam each year to work, live, and retire. Among these returnees are a group who have made Vietnam their home: the Western-born, second generation. This paper explores the significance of online community memberships in the construction of identity and belonging among Western-born Vietnamese who “return” to their ancestral homeland. Drawing on 32 online in-depth interviews with second generation Vietnamese living in Vietnam, from 11 disparate Western countries, it underscores how identity and belonging, state policies, and information communication technologies (ICTs) intersect to prompt and obscure the ethnic returns of western-born Vietnamese migrants.
Acoustic Characterization of Najdi Arabic Vowel System
Authors: Algethami Ghazi
Published: August 2023

This study provides an acoustic description of thevowel system of Najdi Arabic, a major dialect spokenin Saudi Arabia. It aims to go beyond thephonological description provided by Ingham (1994)and offer an acoustic description of Najdi Arabicvowels. Fifteen native speakers of Najdi Arabic wererecorded reading CVC words containing all the NajdiArabic vowels described by Ingham (1994). Asexpected, Najdi Arabic vowels were found to occupya narrow acoustic space. Temporally, the long vowels/i:/, /u:/ and /a:/ were almost double the length of theirshort counterparts /i/, /u/ and /a/. The long and shortvowels also differed spectrally, with short vowelsbeing significantly more centralized than their longcounterparts. The classical Arabic diphthongs /ay/and /aw/, as in many Arabic dialects, were realized aslong monophthongs, /e:/ and /o:/, respectively. Theresults substantiate the impressionistic analysis ofNajdi Arabic vowels system by Ingham (1994).
Frederick Le Play, the Developmental Paradigm, Reading History Sideways, and Family Myths
Authors: Thornton Arland
Published: August 2023

In this paper I describe how Frederick Le Play became the influential creator of the extended family myth in the late 19th century. In The Workers of Europe, Le Play examined European family structure in the mid-1800s. He categorized families into three types -- patriarchal, stem, and unstable (now known as nuclear) families -- and examined how those types were distributed across Europe. He found patriarchal families were common in Eastern Europe and Central Europe, stem families in Southern Europe, and unstable families in Western Europe. This pattern is largely compatible with contemporary research, although recent studies provide a more detailed and complex picture. Like other early scholars, Le Play drew on the developmental paradigm and read history sideways to understand how these European family patterns arose. Since unstable families were found in what he viewed as more developed Western Europe, he concluded that societies progress from patriarchal to unstable family types as they develop over time. His flawed conclusion is highly influential; it persisted largely unchallenged until the mid-1900s and remained accepted by many even longer. The content of this working paper was originally prepared as part of my 2005 book, Reading History Sideways: The Fallacy and Enduring Impact of the Developmental Paradigm on Family Life.
Cohort Profile: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH)
Authors: Kidman Rachel , Mwera James , Rui Yang , Breton Etienne , Zulu Andrew , Behrman Jere , Kohler Hans Peter
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The Adverse Childhood Experiences cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Fami-lies and Health (MLSFH-ACE) is a study of adolescents created during 2017-21. It provides un-paralleled opportunity to examine the longitudinal impact of adverse childhood experiences on health and development across the early life course. The MLSFH-ACE cohort provides rich data on adolescents, their children, and adult caregivers in a low-income, high HIV prevalence context in sub-Saharan African (SSA).Participants: The MLSFH-ACE cohort is a population-based cohort of adolescents living in three districts in rural Malawi. Wave 1 enrollment took place in 2017-2018 and included 2061 adoles-cents aged 10-16 years and 1438 caregivers. Wave 2 took place in 2021 and included data on 1878 adolescents and 208 offspring. Survey instruments captured ACEs during childhood and adolescence, HIV-related behavioral risk, mental and physical health, cognitive development and education, intimate partner violence (IPV), marriage and aspirations, early transitions to adult-hood, and protective factors. Biological indicators included HIV, HSV2, and anthropometric measurements.Findings to date: Key findings include a high prevalence of ACEs among adolescence in Mala-wi, a low incidence of HIV, and positive associations between ACEs scores and composite HIV risk scores. There were also strong associations between ACEs and both IPV victimization and perpetration.Future plans: MLSFH-ACE data will be publicly released and will provide a wealth of information on ACEs and adolescent outcomes in low-income, HIV-endemic SSA context. Future expansions of the cohort are planned to capture data during early adulthood.
What does the population in Niger think about a military government?
Authors: Tuki Daniel
Published: August 2023

Nigeriens generally do not have a strong aversion toward military rule. In fact, 50 percent of them approved of military rule in 2022. Moreover, 69 percent of Nigeriens agreed with a statement in support of military intervention when the democratically elected government was corrupt. My regression results showed that socioeconomic deprivation negatively correlated with support for both military rule and military intervention when the democratically elected government was corrupt. This suggests that the poor prefer democracy to an authoritarian regime. The regression results also showed that political instability, which I measured using the incidence of violent conflict in the country’s regions, increased the likelihood of supporting both military rule and military intervention.
Dorothy Smith's Legacy of Social Theorizing: Introduction
Authors: Oeur Freeden Blume
Published: August 2023

In 1992, Barbara Laslett and Barrie Thorne organized a symposium in Sociological Theory with the aim of tearing down a “wall of silence” between feminist theory and the mainstream of sociological theorizing. For help the editors turned to the work of Dorothy E. Smith, the renowned theoretician and methodologist. Smith’s theorizing today carries even greater appeal, having expanded from a sociology for women to a sociology for people. This wider scope never sacrifices her project’s theoretical versatility and nimbleness, and disdain for abstraction. In offering a critical tribute to Smith, who passed away in June 2022 at the age of 95, the present symposium has invited three scholars—Paige Sweet, Rebecca Lund, and Marjorie Devault—to share new reflections on the legacy of Smith’s powerful mode of inquiry.
Averting lock-in risks in social-ecological systems: a roadmap for pluralistic research and governance
Authors: Méndez Pablo F. , Adamescu Mihai C. , Bertsch-Hörmann Bastian , Clement Floriane , Cohen Merav , Díaz-Delgado Ricardo , Dick Jan , Fajardo-Ortiz David , Gaba Sabrina , Gaube Veronika , Halada Lubos , Holzer Jennifer M. , Izakovičová Zita , Orenstein Daniel E. , Rozas Elisa Oteros , Palau-Salvador Guillermo , Rosário Inês T. , Villamayor-Tomas Sergio
Published: August 2023

Although sustainability pathways are urgently needed to safeguard human and non-human life within a habitable Earth system, there is no consensual knowledge about how to trigger such pathways, due to differences in values, interests, and power at multiple levels. While we develop actionable knowledge about how to induce sustainability pathways in an equitable and just way, we need to better comprehend how to avoid “locked-in” outcomes—strongly entrenched situations minimizing potential for change—in social-ecological systems (SES). Here, we offer a roadmap to guide innovative research to observe, understand, and ultimately avoid, processes that can induce lock-ins at multiple spatiotemporal scales in SES. We use recent research illustrating lock-in dynamics in the Guadalquivir Estuary and Doñana Delta SES to funnel experiences and insights from other cases and produce a knowledge base comprehensive enough to highlight novel research avenues. Our roadmap is organized in three broad research areas: (1) general cross-cutting research themes; (2) policy, collective action and governance; (3) plurality of values and methodological pluralism, acknowledging the role of long-term socio-ecological research (LTSER) platforms as transdisciplinary knowledge co-production spaces supporting solution creation. Hopefully, this roadmap may serve to support solutions to collectively learn how to navigate away from lock-in in SES, towards safer and more equitable sustainability pathways.
Returnees Reproducing Hegemony in the Digital Age: Off/Online Attitudes of the Western-born in Vietnam
Authors: Le Dan
Published: August 2023

This paper examines how ethnically similar, yet culturally different ethnic return migrants use information communication technologies to reproduce and challenge Western hegemonies in their ancestral homeland. Drawing on 31 online in-depth interviews with 2nd and 2.5 generation Vietnamese living in Viet Nam, from 11 disparate Western countries, it explores the social-cultural, economic, and political (dis)advantages engendered within this hierarchically stratified, multiple-minority coethnic group. Employing Anibal Quijano’s concept of global coloniality, coethnic hierarchies are examined in the ethnic homeland. As such it asks, how are hierarchies among these coethnics played out off/online? To what extent are Western hegemonies reproduced off/online by Western-born ethnic return migrants and what are the tensions within this cohort in off/online groups?
Leaving the West Only to Return: The Ethnic Returns of 2nd Generation Vietnamese
Authors: Le Dan
Published: August 2023

The subject of ethnic return migration has garnered growing attention within the realm of international migration research. While much of the existing literature has centered on the movement of individuals returning from low-income to high-income nations, this paper illuminates the inverse trajectory by scrutinizing the trend of second-generation, Western-born Vietnamese migrants who return to their ancestral country of Vietnam. Drawing on 32 in-depth interviews from participants from 11 different Western countries, the current online ethnography explores the phenomenon of ethnic return migration of the second generation. Through an analysis of the interplay between the birth home and ancestral home, identity and belonging, this paper elucidates the factors that both encourage and obstruct the ethnic return migration of Western-born Vietnamese migrants.
A sharing-based approach to enticing tourists to behave more environmentally friendly
Authors: Dolnicar Sara , Cvelbar Ljubica Knezevic , Grün Bettina
Published: August 2023

Tourist behavior is critical to improving the environmental sustainability of tourism. The hedonic nature of tourism and lack of an economic incentive make tourist behavior particularly hard to change. Making tourists behave more environmentally friendly would have substantial environmental benefits. This is the aim of the present study. Three alternative approaches are tested. The most successful approach – based on sharing monetary savings with guests – leads to a 42% change in one specific tourist behavior with negative environmental consequences. This new sharing-based approach significantly outperforms current approaches of increasing awareness of environmental consequences and of tourist ability to make a change. Tourism businesses should consider replacing current appeals with sharing-based schemes.
Analysis of size, shape and textural maturity of sands from the Kaligandaki River
Authors: Maharjan Suman , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi
Published: August 2023

The Gandaki River System is one of the major river basin of the Himalaya originating from China and flows through Nepal and eventually mixes with the Ganga River in India. The study aims at analyzing the textural properties (size and shape) and maturity of the Kaligandaki River sands, and their downstream variation. Sand samples were collected along the river from the Tethys Himalayan region up to the Indo-Gangetic Plain of Nepal. The sands are classified as slightly muddy sand, in which mean and median sizes and sorting increase with respect to the distance downstream from the provenance. The results indicate that coarsely skewed and platy to mesokurtic sands become nearly symmetrical to finely skewed and leptokurtic suggesting increase in fine-grained sands and enhancement of sorting downstream. The percent of fines (mud) ranges from 0 to 5% and shows no distinct downstream variation trend. Mean roundness of quartz is generally sub-angular (2 to 3 p), and downstream variation does not reflect change in roundness category. However, there occurs slight diminish of roundness with distance downstream. Inclusive graphic standard deviation (Cj) varies from 0.30 to 1.38j. After 100 km downstream, Gj decreases reflecting improvement of sorting. Sediments are immature to mature, and are sub-mature in upstream and midstream segments except for few sites where they are immature not due to flux, but probably due to local contribution of fines. Due to increased downstream distance, sediments tend to be more mature owing to enhancement of sorting
Hubungan Self Regulated Learning dengan Kejenuhan Belajar pada Siswa Kelas XII SMAN 2 Berau
Authors: Apriyanti Kurnia , Razak Ahmad , Akmal Nur
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Self Regulated Learning dengan Kejenuhan Belajar pada Siswa Kelas XII SMAN 2 Berau. Penelitian ini menggunakan subjek 142 siswa yang diambil dari populasi siswa kelas XII SMAN 2 Berau menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan menggunakan skala yang relevan dengan kedua variabel yang ingin diukur. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar = -0,359 dengan taraf signifikan p = 0,000. Nilai yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis Ho ditolak, dan hipotesis Ha diterima. Hasil uji hipotesis ini menunjukkan ada hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara self regulated learning dengan kejenuhan belajar pada siswa kelas XII SMAN 2 Berau. Koefisien korelasi ini menunjukkan keeratan hubungan pada tingkat lemah. Implikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu diharapkan untuk para siswa agar mampu melawan rasa jenuh pada diri dalam menghadapi proses belajar dan mampu memahami pengelolaan diri serta kontrol diri dalam pembelajaran dengan baik.

Kata Kunci: Kejenuhan Belajar, Self Regulated Learning, Siswa.
Population Projection With The Application of The Differential Equation of The Logistic and Exponential Model (Case Study: Yogyakarta Special Region Province)
Authors: Anggreini Dewi , Sukiyanto Sukiyanto , Saputra Bherrio Dwi
Published: August 2023

The calculation of population projections in Indonesia at the provincial level is carried out by BPS using the component method, while at the district level it is done using the geometric method with the basic reference of calculating compound interest. From this, it is necessary to take another approach in calculating the projected population in the province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study aims to determine population projections in the Special Region of Yogyakarta using exponential and logistic models based on growth rate and carrying capacity. The data used in this study is secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2017–2022. The research method used is to determine the research subject, collect data, analyze the data, and draw conclusions. The result of this research is that the carrying capacity of the Special Region of Yogyakarta is 10,652,814 and the population growth rate for the logistic model is 0,02048.
Analysis of High School Students Mistakes in Completing The Topic Limit Function Type Higher Order Thinking Skill
Authors: Sartika Endang Sri , Maimunah Maimunah , Hutapea Nahor Murani
Published: August 2023

The ability to think higher order is one of the curriculum demands that can train students' ability to solve problems and improve their experience in doing HOTS questions.The purpose of this study was to analyze student mistake in solving HOTS-type limit function questions. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, and the subjects of this study consisted of 24 students in class XI consisting of students with high, medium, and low abilities at SMA N 2 Bangkinang Kota. Data collection techniques obtained from tests and documentationhe analysis technique carried out involves grouping students based on high, medium, and low abilities. Based on the results and discussion, this study shows that there are three types of student errors: comprehension errors, transformation errors, and skill errors. Factors of student error in solving HOTS questions In the function limit problem, students have not been able to absorb information well, they have not been able to understand the meaning of the questions given, and they are not careful and less thorough in the process.
Critical Thinking and Mathematical Problem Solving Skills of Students Through Schoology-Assisted Blended Learning Models
Authors: Pradana Kenny Candra , Noer Sri Hastuti
Published: August 2023

Students' poor critical thinking and mathematical problem-solving abilities are caused by a variety of variables, including teacher-centered learning and an ineffective learning models. In order to increase students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem solving abilities, it is required to use an appropriate and unique learning strategy. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the Blended Learning models, as aided by Schoology Media, on students' critical thinking and mathematical problem-solving abilities. This study used a quasy experimental design as a research method. The population used in this study were all class X students of SMK-SMTI Bandar Lampung. The sample technique employed in this research was cluster random sampling, so that class X KI 4 as the experimental group and class X KI 1 as the control group, each group consisting of 28 students. The instruments used in this study were tests of critical thinking skills, tests of mathematical problem solving Skills, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using descriptive data analysis and inferential analysis. The hypothesis test is in the form of a One-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (One-way MANOVA) Test. Based on the results of the analysis, 1) There is a difference between the Skills to think critically and the Skills to solve mathematical problems between the two groups of students; 2) There is a difference in the Skills to think critically between the group that is treated with the schoology-assisted Blended Learning model and the group that is given the conventional learning model treatment; 3) There are differences in the Skills to solve mathematical problems between groups that are treated with the schoology-assisted Blended Learning model and the group that is given the conventional learning model treatment; and 4) there is an influence between the Blended Learning learning model on students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem solving.
Mathematical Critical Thinking Abilities of Students in Terms of Self-Regulated Learning in Realistic Mathematics Education Assisted By Mobile Learning
Authors: Nashrullah Fahmi Rizqi , Rochmad Rochmad , Cahyono Adi Nur
Published: August 2023

The students' mathematical critical thinking ability is categorized as still not good due to the teaching and lack of use of instructional media in the learning process. These factors also contribute to the students' low level of learning independence. Several studies have found that the mathematical critical thinking ability is still below average. One of the teaching methods that can help improve students' mathematical critical thinking ability is Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) assisted by mobile learning. This study aims to: (1) Test the effectiveness of RME assisted by mobile learning on students' mathematical critical thinking ability, and (2) Analyze and understand students' mathematical thinking ability in terms of their learning independence in RME assisted by mobile learning. The research method used is a mixed method with concurrent embedded research design. Quantitative research serves as the primary method, and qualitative research as the secondary method. The population in this study consists of seventh-grade students at MTs Al Wahdah Sumber in the academic year 2022/2023. The sample is determined using purposive sampling technique, selecting two classes as samples - Class VII A as the control group and Class VII B as the experimental group. Data collection techniques used in this study include tests, questionnaires, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis includes individual mastery test, classical mastery test, mean difference test, and proportion difference test. The results of this study indicate that: (1) RME assisted by mobile learning is effective in improving students' mathematical critical thinking ability, as evidenced by the average mathematical critical thinking ability of the experimental group reaching the actual mastery level, 75% mastery proportion in the experimental group, higher mean difference in the experimental group compared to the control group, and higher proportion in the experimental group compared to the control group, and (2) Diverse mathematical critical thinking abilities were found in the low, medium, and high learning independence groups.
The Effect of Realistic Mathematics Education With Role-Playing Method on Students' Mathematical Representation Ability
Authors: Rafiela Tengku Karina , Andhany Ella
Published: August 2023

The decrease in students' mathematical abilities is caused by students' low interest or motivation in mathematics and the use of teaching approaches that are not suitable for students' learning styles, which is decreasing their interest in learning and struggling to understand mathematical materials. This quantitative study with experimental method aims to find out how influential RME (Realistic Mathematics Education) through role play method is on students' mathematical representation ability. A total of 66 students were positioned as research subjects. Data on students' mathematical representation ability was collected using a test of 5 description questions and analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of averages and analytical statistics in the form of t-test (Independent Sample Test). The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mathematical representation ability of students who applied RME and students who only applied conventional learning. And if there is a difference then there is an effect of the treatment given to the experimental class. Following up on the findings in this study, RME with role-playing method has a positive effect on students' mathematical representation skills and can be applied in learning mathematics considering that it can encourage students to be actively involved and create a new circumstance in learning.
Exploration of Ethnomathematics in Saung Ranggon of Cikedokan Village Cikarang Barat Through Geometry Learning
Authors: Fijayanti Niken , Wahidin Wahidin
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The aims of this study were to (1) understand the concept of geometry with geometric material, (2) understand the concept of geometry with geometric material, (3) understand the concept of geometry with geometric transformation material, and (4) understand the development of numeration contained in the design. Saung Ranggon traditional house. This study is a qualitative research conducted using an ethnographic approach to explore and understand the concept of geometry through the use of geometric materials and geometric transformation materials, as well as the development of numeration within the design of the Saung Ranggon traditional house. The data collection techniques used in this study included interviews, observations, documentation techniques, and data analysis using triangulation techniques with the Spradley model consisting of domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, and component analysis. The results of this study are the geometric concepts contained in the design of the Saung Ranggon traditional house, namely, the concept of a flat shape (a rectangle that can be seen from the door, a square that can be seen from the side wall, a triangle that can be seen from the ventilation section, a trapezoid that can be seen from the back wall, a rhombus that can be seen from the fence section, and circles that can be seen from the old well), the concept of geometric shapes (tubes), the concept of transformation geometry (reflection on the  axis,  axis,  axis), and numeration development are used to solve the cost problem.
Ethnomathematics: Conceps of Mathematics in The Context Of "Siwaluh Jabu" Karo Traditional House
Authors: Dewi Siti Kumala , Asrul Asrul
Published: August 2023

One of the Karo traditional cultures that incorporates elements of ethnomathematics in its shape is the "Siwaluh Jabu" roof design. In order to apply the mathematical ideas discovered as a method for teaching mathematics in schools, the study's objective was to investigate the mathematical ideas present in the "Siwaluh Jabu" roof design. Through observation, interviews, documentation, and an ethnographic approach, this study also used a literature review and a descriptive qualitative methodology. The Miles and Huberman method, which entails data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, is used in the data analysis process. The study's findings revealed the concepts of a flat shape, spatial geometry, and congruence. The results of this study can be used as learning aids and approaches to learning mathematics.
Pulmonary involvement for patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Spirometric study
Authors: Hameed Al-Tayyar Ahmed S. , Mohammed Najeeb H. , Jasim Nizar A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Pulmonary involvement in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a serious extra articular manifestation.
Patients and Methods: 82 patients with RA and 40 control subjects were included in this prospective study. They were submitted to medical history, physical measurements (height, weight and BMI) and spirometric evaluation for FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEFR and FMF (FEF25-75%).Objective: The aim of the study is to detect pulmonary involvement, classify the type of involvement (whether obstructive, restrictive or mixed), and to find out whether pulmonary system was involved in the early stage of the disease and is asymptomatic and to determine the associated possible risk factors.
Results: 42 patients with RA (51%) show abnormal spirometric results, mostly in the form of respiratory restriction in 33 patients (40%), obstructive results in 7 patients (9%); while mixed abnormality in 2 patients (2%). Various risk factors are correlated with reduced spirometric results.Asymptomatic patients with abnormal spirometry found in 9 (11%) and 6 patients (7%) had abnormal results within two years of their articular disease.
Conclusion: Pulmonary involvement is common in Iraqi patients with RA, mostly in the form of respiratory restriction. Pulmonary involvement is believed to be asymptomatic in some patients and
even occurs early in the disease process. Various risk factors are found to be correlated with the abnormal spirometry.
pneumonia in childern admitted with lower respiratory tract infections.... A hospital based study
Authors: Al janabi Muhi K. , Al hashimi Ban A. , Sultan Alhan H.
Published: August 2023

Summary:Background: Pneumonia is a common form of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children under five years of age and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this age group. Early management is important in decreasing its complications and mortality.Methods: A cross sectional study of 100 patients, their ages ranged from 2 months to 5 years. They were admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital Medical City–Baghdad in a period from 7th of November 2010 to 5th of May 2011, suffering from Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (fever, cough and tachypnea) and classified into two groups according to chest radiograph (CXR) findings, those with a patch (pneumonia) and others with normal or hyper inflated CXR. The possibility of various demographic and clinical symptoms and signs to predict the presence or absence of the patch were evaluated.Results: From a total of 100 patients enrolled in this study, 42%had a patch and 58% had normal or hyperinflated CXR. Older age, male gender, longer duration of hospitalization, high level of paternal education and family history of same disease are significantly associated with the presence of patch. Signs and symptoms like deterioration in the level of consciousness, lung crepitation and decrease in air entry and convulsion are significantly associated with the presence of the patch.Conclusion: Pneumonia is frequent in children with LRTI. Presence of convulsions, deterioration in the level of consciousness, lung crepitation and decrease in air entry in a child with LRTI may raise the suspicion of having pneumonia. Factors like older age, male gender, and high level of paternal education were associated with increase the susceptibility to have pneumonia in children with LRTI. Key word: children; predictors; pneumonia.
Respiratory Distress in Full Term Outborn Neonates: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Naoom Manal B. , Abdul-Zahra Ahmed A. , Alsaadi Yasir A.
Published: August 2023

Summary:Background: Respiratory distress remains a major problem post adaptation and one of the most common reasons for admission of neonates to Intensive Care.Objectives: To study the causes and short term outcomes of respiratory distress in full term neonates and its correlation to mode of delivery.Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 100 full termoutborn neonates with respiratory distress admitted to Neonatal care unit of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad from 1st of April to 31st of August 2011.Results: Hundred full term neonateswerestudied, 66% were boys and 81% born by cesarean section (elective cesarean sectionin 62%). In both sexes, Transient TachypneaofNewbornand pneumothorax ranked the 1st and 2nd among other causes.Among boys, early onset sepsis/pneumonia ranked 3rd, whereas late pneumonia and hyaline membrane disease among girls.The proportion ofTransient TachypneaofNewborn was higher in those who were delivered by cesarean section(86.66%).There was no significant correlation between the mode of delivery and respiratory distress in congenital heartdisease, birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration andtracheoesophagel fistula.The case fatality was 100% in birth asphyxia, 16.66% in sepsis/pneumonia, 9.09% in hyaline membrane disease and 5.88%in pneumothorax.Conclusions:Transient tachypnea was the commonest cause of hospitalizations among term neonates with respiratory distress. Elective cesarean sectionwas correlated with neonatal respiratory distress.Key Words: Respiratory Distress, Full Term Outborn neonates
Achalasia Cardia: Short-term Results of 40 Iraqi Patients
Authors: Abdulsalam Ahmed , Taha Abdulsalam Y
Published: August 2023

Background:   Achalasia is an uncommon but not a rare a malady.  In Iraq, we lack true statistics about this condition.
Objective:  is to review the experience with trans-thoracic modified Heller operation for achalasia cardia in a major thoracic surgical centre in Iraq over a 4-year period.
Study design: a combined retrospective and prospective study.
Setting: Department of Thoracic Surgery in Baghdad Medical City/Baghdad/Iraq. 
Methods: This study is both retrospective (20 cases) and prospective (20 cases); the information is collected from either patients, case sheets or obtained directly from patients, interviews. In both situations, relevant demographic and clinical information is obtained. The patients then are subjected to a standard diagnostic workup followed by preparation of patients for surgery. A trans-thoracic modified Heller's operation: esophagocardiomyotomy) is done following a standard technique. No anti-reflux procedure is added. Follow up is done to evaluate results of surgery.Patients: 40 patients (26 males and 14 females) with achalasia cardia who were admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery in Baghdad Medical City over a period of 4 years (2008 to 2012).
Results: 26 males (65%) and 14 females (35%) with a mean age of 26.6 year. Patients aged 20 -40 years constituted the majority (47.5%). The commonest presenting symptom was dysphagia reported in 39 patients (75%). Cucumber dilated esophagus (rat tail sign) was the commonest appearance on contrast study found in 84% of studied patients. Ten patients (7 females and 3 males) had dilation therapy initially which failed to improve their symptoms thus scheduled for surgery. The remaining 30 patients were offered surgical treatment from the start; thus ultimately, operation was done to all 40 patients. Good to excellent results after surgery were obtained in 35 patients (87.5%).
Conclusions: though good and excellent results followed Heller’s operation for achalasia cardia versus multiple forceful dilatations, laparoscopic Heller oesophageal myotomy reverses the symptoms of achalasia with minimal morbidity. It is recommended to learn and practice this minimal invasive procedure rather than to continue doing an old operation.
Importance of Sulfur for Florida Agricultural Production
Authors: Sharma Lakesh K. , Zotarelli Lincoln , Christensen Christian T.
Published: August 2023

Intended for Extension clients, this publication highlights the importance of sulfur in row and vegetable crop production systems in Florida, such as its use in pesticides and fertilizers. Additionally, the publication provides insights into the perspective of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on sulfur in naturally occurring aquatic systems. This publication's target audience is agricultural producers, Extension agents, crop consultants, representatives of the fertilizer industry, state and local agencies, students, instructors, researchers, and interested Florida citizens.
The Servant Leadership Analysis and Work Motivation in Determining Organizational Commitment and Work Performance
Authors: Artha Didik Rabuana , Suardhika I Nengah , Landra Nengah
Published: August 2023

Human Resources (HR) plays a significant function and is a valuable asset the company must own. This is so that goals can be achieved in an organization which HR actively participates in. Therefore, maximizing employees' contributions to the business's mission is crucial to maintain successful performance. In this study will conduct tests to clarify the role of servant leadership and work motivation in determining organizational commitment and work performance at PT. Telkom Access Denpasar. The sample for this study consisted of 45 respondents who were all permanent employees. With the use of the Smart-PLS program, the findings demonstrate that stronger servant leadership implementation can raise organizational commitment. In addition, it was found that employees who are motivated at work will increase their commitment to the organization. Work performance cannot be determined, either directly or indirectly, by the use of servant leadership. Other results are work motivation will rise achievement of work performance, either directly or indirectly through the mediation of organizational commitment. Meanwhile, organizational commitment can determine work performance improvement.
Fraud Control to Strengthen Internal Control Systems in Local Goverment
Authors: Wuryandini Ayu Rakhma , Pakaya Lukman , Husain Siti Pratiwi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the existence and application of the Fraud Control Plan attributes in the work environment of the organization. The research method in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study at government agencies in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province that implements the Fraud Control Plan control tool. The results of this study that this government agencies has a good assessment in realizing the performance of Good Governance in the criteria of "Sufficiently adequate" in an indication of a reduction in fraud and an increase in employee performance in the organization. the important value of the presence of fraud control for agencies is the accountability of each attribute value reflects the transparency of each activity. Control of each agency is more controlled and positively directed and further minimizes the occurrence of fraud. The value that can be drawn from this research is the achievements that have been made optimally so that they can be properly maintained, and for elements that have not been fulfilled so that they can be corrected immediately in accordance with local government procedures and policies. The next researcher should consider the other methods used.