bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Elastic Monolithic Catalyst: A Microporous Metalloporphyrin‐Containing Framework‐Wrapped Melamine Foam for Process‐Intensified Acyl Transfer
Authors: Wu Keyi , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun
Published: April 2016

The advent of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) has had significant impact in catalysis. However, the presence of only micropores in these polymers often imposes diffusion limitations, which has resulted in the low utilization of CMPs in catalytic reactions. Herein, the preparation of a foam‐supporting CMP composite with interconnective micropores and macropores and elastic properties is reported. Metalloporphyrin‐based CMP organogels are synthesized within the melamine foam by a room‐temperature oxidative homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes. Upon drying, the CMP‐based xerogels tightly wrap the framework skeletons of the foam, while the foam cells are still open to allow for the preservation of elasticity and macroporosity. Such a hierarchical structure is efficient for acyl transfer, facilitates substrate diffusion within interpenetrative macropores and micropores, and could be used to intensify catalytic processes.
Allosteric Optical Control of a Class B G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor
Authors: Broichhagen Johannes , Johnston Natalie R. , von Ohlen Yorrick , Meyer‐Berg Helena , Jones Ben J. , Bloom Stephen R. , Rutter Guy A. , Trauner Dirk , Hodson David J.
Published: April 2016

Allosteric regulation promises to open up new therapeutic avenues by increasing drug specificity at G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, drug discovery efforts are at present hampered by an inability to precisely control the allosteric site. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and testing of PhotoETP, a light‐activated positive allosteric modulator of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R), a class B GPCR involved in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in humans. PhotoETP potentiates Ca2+, cAMP, and insulin responses to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and its metabolites following illumination of cells with blue light. PhotoETP thus provides a blueprint for the production of small‐molecule class B GPCR allosteric photoswitches, and may represent a useful tool for understanding positive cooperativity at the GLP‐1R.
Bimetallic Gold(I)/Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide Nickel(II) Asymmetric Relay Catalysis: Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiroketals and Spiroaminals
Authors: Li Jun , Lin Lili , Hu Bowen , Lian Xiangjin , Wang Gang , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2016

A highly efficient asymmetric cascade reaction between keto esters and alkynyl alcohols and amides is reported. The success of the reaction was attributed to the combination of chiral Lewis acid N,N′‐dioxide nickel(II) catalysis with achiral π‐acid gold(I) catalysis working as an asymmetric relay catalytic system. The corresponding spiroketals and spiroaminals were synthesized in up to 99 % yield, 19:1 d.r., and more than 99 % ee under mild reaction conditions. Control experiments suggest that the N,N′‐dioxide ligand was essential for the formation of the spiro products.
Heat‐Flow‐Driven Oligonucleotide Gelation Separates Single‐Base Differences
Authors: Morasch Matthias , Braun Dieter , Mast Christof B.
Published: April 2016

DNA phase transitions are often induced by the addition of condensation agents or by dry concentration. Herein, we show that the non‐equilibrium setting of a moderate heat flow across a water‐filled chamber separates and gelates DNA strands with single‐base resolution. A dilute mix of DNA with two slightly different gel‐forming sequences separates into sequence‐pure hydrogels under constant physiological solvent conditions. A single base change in a 36 mer DNA inhibits gelation. Only sequences with the ability to form longer strands are concentrated, further elongated, and finally gelated by length‐dependent thermal trapping. No condensation agents, such as multivalent ions, were added. Equilibrium aggregates from dry concentration did not show any sequence separation. RNA is expected to behave identically owing to its equal thermophoretic properties. The highly sequence‐specific phase transition points towards new possibilities for non‐equilibrium origins of life.
Novel amino acid‐based ionic liquid analogues: neutral hydroxylic and sulfur‐containing amino acids
Authors: Mjalli Farouq S. , Al‐Hajri Rashid , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a , Ahmed Omar , Nagaraju Maddela
Published: April 2016

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have shown potential promise for various industrial applications. Abundant research works were carried out on Type III DES employing choline chloride as the quaternary ammonium salt in combination with a variety of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). Despite the fact that they are cheap, biodegradable, and have a wide application in food, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries, amino acids have not been utilized as HBD for the synthesis of DES. In this work, different ammonium‐based salts are used to synthesize different amino acid‐based DES systems. Four different amino acids are considered, two of which are neutral amino acids, namely L‐serine and L‐threonine, while the other two are based on the sulfur‐containing amino acids, namely L‐methionine and L‐cysteine. The successful DESs were characterized in terms of their physical properties. The melting point, density, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, conductivity, and pH were measured for the successful DES systems at different temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 353.15 K. The introduction of such novel DES opens the door for performing more work on utilizing them for various chemical, biochemical, and pharmaceutical applications. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acid−base properties of polyethylene composites with clays
Authors: Kraus Eduard , Nguen Duk‐Ahn , Efimova Alfia , Starostina Irina , Stoyanov Oleg
Published: April 2016

We report on the surface energy characteristics of composite materials based on low‐density polyethylene with addition of bentonite and organic clay. Investigated were the surface free energy, its components and parameters by wetting methods according to Berger, spatial method, and method of nonlinear systems. The determined characteristics were carried out by the selective wetting conditions for the individual constituents of the composition, including the clay powder. The thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of obtained composites were investigated. The possibility for predicting the surface properties of composite materials based on component‐wise analysis was demonstrated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43629.
Structure, thermal stability, electrochemical behaviors, and mechanical properties of organosoluble polyimide with pyrimidine ring in the main chain
Authors: Li Baoming , Wu Zhiyin , Lin Li
Published: April 2016

A novel organosoluble polyimide (PI) with pyrimidine ring in the main chain was synthesized by chemical and thermal imidization, respectively, from 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,4‐diamino‐6‐chloropyrimidine as raw materials and its molecular structure, solubility, UV–visible absorption characteristic, crystallinity, thermal stability, electrochemical behaviors, and mechanical properties were also studied. It was found that the introduction of pyrimidine ring in the main chain could increase the solubility of PI in polar aprotic solvents at room temperature and 60 °C, respectively, because of its molecular main chain with asymmetric structure and two polar N atoms in pyrimidine ring. Furthermore, PI had strong optical absorption peak intensity, excellent thermal stability, good redox reversibility, especially outstanding mechanical properties, which were conductive to its potential applications in adhesives, polyelectrolyte, separation membrane, and so on. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43680.
Preparation of nonwoven mats of electrospun poly(lactic acid)/polyaniline blend nanofibers: A new approach
Authors: Al‐Jallad Mazen , Atassi Yomen
Published: April 2016

The preparation of nonwoven mats of electrospun poly(lactic acid)/polyaniline (PANI) blend nanofibers faces some critical challenges that will be addressed in the present work. The challenges are in achieving high and adjustable content of PANI while keeping the spinnable solution nonagglomerated with no need to further filtration that might lead to wrong estimation of PANI content in the mat. We report an unprecedented content of 40% wt of PANI that is achieved using a new two‐step procedure. It is based on: (1) the preparation of the spinnable solution from a friable nonagglomerated and readily dispersible PANI:
‐TSA powder and (2) the use of an optimized mixture of
‐cresol/dichloromethane. The obtained nanofiber mats are characterized by FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy. The morphology and the thermal stability of the nanofibers are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The amorphous structure of the nanofibers is verified using XRD measurements. The DC‐conductivity of these blend nanofibers is found to be far larger than the published DC‐conductivity values for blend nanofibers of PANI with PLLA or with other polymers. This is attributed to the high content of PANI in the blend and to the role played by
‐cresol as a secondary dopant. The investigation of the aging effect on the DC‐conductivity reveals an exponential decrease with a characteristic time of
weeks. The electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows a pure ohmic behavior of the blend mat. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43687.
Comparison of antimicrobial activities of polyacrylonitrile fibers modified with quaternary phosphonium salts having different alkyl chain lengths
Authors: Chang Li , Wang Jing , Tong Chunyi , Zhao Liang , Liu Xuanming
Published: April 2016

A series of polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANF) modified with quaternary phosphonium salts having various alkyl chain lengths (C1, C2, C6, C8, C12) were synthesized and compared for their antimicrobial activities by the improved shake flask method. The as‐prepared fibers were named MTPB‐PANF, ETPB‐PANF, HTPB‐PANF, OTPB‐PANF, and DTPB‐PANF, respectively. The representative microorganisms employed were Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Results from the current study showed that the alkyl chain length of quaternary phosphonium salts not only affected the synthesis of the fibers, but also impacted their antimicrobial activities. There was a rule that the longer the alkyl chain length, the more easily the quaternary phosphonium salts modify the fibers and the better the antimicrobial activities of the modified fibers. All the modified fibers exhibited good broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activities. Specifically, DTPB‐PANF exhibited an outstandingly high antimicrobial activity, which was nearly unaffected by the environmental pH (3–10). It can kill all the four pathogens in 15 min and had an excellent wash‐resistant property. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43689.
Characterization and mechanical property of Trinidad coir fibers
Authors: Mathura Nadira , Cree Duncan
Published: April 2016

Coir fibers were retted in distilled water (DW) and saline water (SW) for up to 12 weeks. Fibers had diameters of 0.16 mm to 0.56 mm, gauge lengths (GL) of 20 mm and 50 mm, and loaded at strain rates of 5, 20, 40, and 60 mm/min. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, and strain at break properties were evaluated and the results statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). For non‐retted fibers, as the gauge length decreased, the tensile and strain at break increased by 14% and 42%, respectively, while the stiffness increased by 33% for larger gauge lengths. As the fiber diameter decreased, the tensile strength increased from 48.45 MPa to 134.41 MPa for 50 mm gauge length fibers. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to calculate the crystallinity index (CI) of the coir fibers. Secondary electron microscopy was used to assess the fiber surface and fractured area. Although the chemical composition was different, the properties of Trinidad coir fibers were in‐line with coir fibers from other parts of the world making them an ideal material of choice for composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43692.
The Efficacy and Safety of Clazakizumab, an Anti–Interleukin‐6 Monoclonal Antibody, in a Phase IIb Study of Adults With Active Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Gottlieb Alice B. , Berman Alberto , Drescher Edit , Xing Jun , Wong Robert , Banerjee Subhashis
Published: April 2016

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of clazakizumab, a monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) cytokine, in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging study (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT01490450), patients with active PsA and an inadequate response to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous placebo or clazakizumab 25 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg every 4 weeks, with or without methotrexate. The primary end point was the response rate according to the American College of Rheumatology 20% criteria for improvement (ACR20) at week 16, with secondary efficacy end points at weeks 16 and 24.

Results

A total of 165 patients were randomized. At week 16, the ACR20 response rate was significantly higher with clazakizumab 100 mg versus placebo (52.4% versus 29.3%; P = 0.039). ACR20 response rates at week 16 were 46.3% with clazakizumab 25 mg (P = 0.101 versus placebo) and 39.0% with clazakizumab 200 mg (P = 0.178 versus placebo). ACR50/ACR70 response rates were numerically higher with clazakizumab versus placebo at weeks 16 and 24. Compared with placebo, clazakizumab treatment significantly improved musculoskeletal manifestations (joint signs and symptoms, enthesitis, and dactylitis), with minimal improvements in skin disease, without clear evidence of a dose response. Clazakizumab was well tolerated.

Conclusion

This is the first clinical trial of an IL‐6–targeted therapy in PsA. Clazakizumab may be an effective treatment option for musculoskeletal aspects of PsA, but because of the lack of a dose response in this study, further studies are required to confirm the appropriate dose. The safety profile is consistent with the pharmacology of IL‐6 blockade and prior clinical experience with this antibody in rheumatoid arthritis.
Autoantibody‐Positive Healthy Individuals Display Unique Immune Profiles That May Regulate Autoimmunity
Authors: Slight‐Webb Samantha , Lu Rufei , Ritterhouse Lauren L. , Munroe Melissa E. , Maecker Holden T. , Fathman Charles G. , Utz Paul J. , Merrill Joan T. , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A.
Published: April 2016

Objective

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are detected in ∼18% of females, yet autoimmune disease develops in only 5–8%. Immunologic differences between ANA‐positive healthy individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may elucidate the regulatory mechanisms by which ANA‐positive individuals avoid transition to clinical autoimmune disease.

Methods

Healthy individuals (n = 790) were screened for autoantibodies specific for 11 antigens associated with lupus, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. From this screening, 31 European American ANA‐positive healthy individuals were selected and demographically matched to ANA‐negative controls and SLE patients. Serum cytokine profiles, leukocyte subset frequency, and reactivity were analyzed by multiplex assays, immunophenotyping, and phosphospecific flow cytometry.

Results

Of 790 individuals screened, 57 (7%) were ANA‐positive. The majority of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon‐γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor, interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, exhibited a stepwise increase in serum levels from ANA‐negative controls to ANA‐positive healthy individuals to SLE patients (P < 0.0001). IFNα, IFNβ, IL‐12p40, and stem cell factor/c‐Kit ligand were increased in SLE patients only (P < 0.05). B lymphocyte stimulator (BlyS) was elevated in SLE patients but decreased in ANA‐positive individuals (P < 0.001). Further, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) was down‐regulated in SLE patients only (P < 0.0001). ANA‐positive individuals had increased frequencies of monocytes, memory B cells, and plasmablasts and increased levels of pSTAT‐1 and pSTAT‐3 following IFNα stimulation compared with ANA‐negative controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

ANA‐positive healthy individuals exhibit dysregulation in multiple immune pathways yet differ from SLE patients by the absence of elevated IFNs, BLyS, IL‐12p40, and stem cell factor/c‐Kit ligand. Further, severely decreased levels of IL‐1Ra in SLE patients compared with ANA‐positive individuals may contribute to disease development. These results highlight the importance of IFN‐related pathways and regulatory elements in SLE pathogenesis.
An Efficient Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[c]azepines from Morita–Baylis–Hillman Adducts via Pictet–Spengler Reaction
Authors: Moon Hye Ran , Kim Su Yeon , Roh Hwa Jung , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: April 2016

Various dihydrobenzo[c]azepines were synthesized in good yields via Pictet–Spengler cyclization protocol from tosylamide derivatives of Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts and 1,3,5‐trioxane. The synthesis was carried out in the presence of easily removable montmorillonite K‐10 in short time in high yields.
Simultaneous determination of cucurbitacin IIa and cucurbitacin IIb of Hemsleya amabilis by HPLC–MS/MS and their pharmacokinetic study in normal and indomethacin‐induced rats
Authors: Wang Shougang , Guan Xiaohui , Zhong Xiuhong , Yang Zhiping , Huang Weili , Jia Baoyang , Cui Tao
Published: April 2016

A selective and sensitive HPLC–MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of cucurbitacin IIa (cuIIa) and cucurbitacin IIb (cuIIb), the major bioactive cucurbitacins of Hemsleya amabilis, in rat plasma using euphadienol as internal standard (IS). After liquid–liquid extraction with dichloromethane, separation was achieved on a Syncronis HPLC C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using an isocratic mobile phase system consisting of acetonitrile–water (85:15, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min with a split ratio of 1:2. Detection was performed on a TSQ Quantum Ultra mass spectrometer equipped with an positive‐ion electrospray ionization source. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) were 0.25 and 0.15 ng/mL for cuIIa and cuIIb, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <11.5% for the LLOQs and each quality control level of the analytes, and accuracy was between −9.1 and 7.6%. The extraction recoveries of the analytes and IS from rat plasma were all >87.1%. The method was fully validated and applied to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two cucurbitacins in rat plasma after oral administration of H. amabilis extract between normal and indomethacin‐induced rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An unwritten anatomy lesson: The influence of Roman clothing on neuroanatomical terminology: In memoriam Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. (1932–2016)
Authors: Turliuc Dana Mihaela , Turliuc Serban , Cucu Andrei Ionut , Sava Anca , Dumitrescu Gabriela Florenta , Cărăuleanu Alexandru , Buzdugă Cătălin , Trandafir Daniela , Costea Claudia Florida
Published: April 2016

Throughout the centuries, anatomists attempting to denominate the new structures they discovered have found inspiration in the civilization of ancient Rome and the clothing worn by its citizens. This aricle presents the origins of seven neuroanatomical terms,fimbria, velum, funiculus, lemniscus, corona, splenium, andcingulum, inspired by the clothing and jewellery of Roman women and the military attire of Roman soldiers. Thus, through their apparel, the Romans influenced theTerminologia Anatomicaand “clothed” the structures of the brain and spinal cord, making them immortal. Clin. Anat. 29:685–690, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dermal fibroblasts induce cell cycle arrest and block epithelial–mesenchymal transition to inhibit the early stage melanoma development
Authors: Zhou Linli , Yang Kun , Randall Wickett R. , Zhang Yuhang
Published: April 2016

Stromal fibroblasts are an integral part of the tumor stroma and constantly interact with cancer cells to promote their initiation and progression. However, the role and function of dermal fibroblasts during the early stage of melanoma development remain poorly understood. We, therefore, designed a novel genetic approach to deactivate stromal fibroblasts at the onset of melanoma formation by targeted ablation of β‐catenin. To our surprise, melanoma tumors formed from β‐catenin‐deficient group (B16F10 mixed with β‐catenin‐deficient fibroblasts) appeared earlier than tumors formed from control group (B16F10 mixed with normal dermal fibroblasts). At the end point when tumors were collected, mutant tumors were bigger and heavier than control tumors. Further analysis showed that there were fewer amounts of stromal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts inside mutant tumor stroma. Melanoma tumors from control group showed reduced proliferation, down‐regulated expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16, suggesting dermal fibroblasts blocked the onset of melanoma tumor formation by inducing a cell cycle arrest in B16F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, we discovered that dermal fibroblasts prevented epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in melanoma cells. Overall, our findings demonstrated that dermal fibroblasts crosstalk with melanoma cells to regulate in vivo tumor development via multiple mechanisms, and the outcomes of their reciprocal interactions depend on activation states of stromal fibroblasts and stages of melanoma development.
CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes contribute to spontaneous “healing” in HER2‐positive ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Morita Michi , Yamaguchi Rin , Tanaka Maki , Tse Gary M. , Yamaguchi Miki , Kanomata Naoki , Naito Yoshiki , Akiba Jun , Hattori Satoshi , Minami Shigeki , Eguchi Susumu , Yano Hirohisa
Published: April 2016

We evaluated the associations between tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) including CD8‐positive [+] lymphocytes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and histopathologic factors, particularly spontaneous “healing” and immunohistochemical (IHC)‐based subtypes, to clarify the effects of host immune response to cancer cells proliferation during early carcinogenesis for the breast cancer. This cohort enrolled 82 DCIS patients. We examined the relationships between clinicopathologic factors including age, DCIS architecture, Van Nuys classification, grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, TIL, CD8+ lymphocytes, healing, estrogen receptor and HER2 positivity, and IHC‐based subtypes [luminal, luminal‐HER2, HER2‐positive, triple negative (TN)]. The results were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. High numbers of TIL (high‐TIL) and healing were seen in 30.5% and 39.0% of the cohort, respectively. The distributions of luminal, luminal‐HER2, HER2 and TN subtypes were 73.2%, 9.8%, 13.4%, and 3.6%, respectively. High Van Nuys grading, high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, high‐TIL, high CD8+ lymphocytes and healing were significantly associated with HER2‐positive (luminal‐HER2, HER2), and TN subtypes. High‐TIL was significantly associated with high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, healing, high CD8+ lymphocytes and HER2 and TN subtypes. Healing was significantly correlated with high CD8+ lymphocytes, high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, and HER2‐positive and TN subtypes. Logistic regression analysis revealed a strong association between healing and TIL (odds ratio: 11.72, P = 0.024). High CD8+ lymphocytes was also significantly associated with healing (odds ratio: 9.26, P = 0.009). The results of this study suggested that the spontaneous healing phenomenon might be induced by CD8+ high‐TIL associated with high‐grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features and HER2‐positive DCIS.
Residual Porosity of 3D‐LAM‐Printed Stainless‐Steel Electrodes Allows Galvanic Exchange Platinisation
Authors: Weber James , Wain Andrew J. , Piili Heidi , Matilainen Ville‐Pekka , Vuorema Anne , Attard Gary A. , Marken Frank
Published: April 2016

Stainless‐steel rods were manufactured by laser additive manufacturing (LAM or “3D‐printing”) from a stainless‐steel (316 L) powder precursor, and then investigated and compared to conventional stainless steel in electrochemical experiments. The LAM method used in this study was based on “powder bed fusion”, in which particles with an average diameter of 20–40 μm are fused to give stainless‐steel rods of 3 mm diameter. In contrast to conventional bulk stainless‐steel (316 L) electrodes, for 3D‐printed electrodes, small crevices in the surface provide residual porosity. Voltammetric features observed for the 3D‐printed electrodes immersed in aqueous phosphate buffer are consistent with those for conventional bulk stainless steel (316 L). Two chemically reversible surface processes were observed and tentatively attributed to Fe(II/III) phosphate and Cr(II/III) phosphate. Galvanic exchange is shown to allow improved platinum growth/adhesion onto the slightly porous 3D‐printed stainless‐steel surface, resulting in a mechanically robust and highly active porous platinum deposit with good catalytic activity toward methanol oxidation.
Wavelength selection framework for classifying food and pharmaceutical samples into multiple classes
Authors: Anzanello M. , Fogliatto F. , Marcelo M. C. A. , Pozebon D. , Ferrão M. F.
Published: April 2016

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an efficient, low‐cost analytical technique widely applied to identify the origin of food and pharmaceutical products. NIR spectra‐based classification strategies typically use thousands of equally spaced wavelengths as input information, some of which may not carry relevant information for product classification. When that is the case, the performance of predictive and exploratory multivariate techniques may be undermined by such noisy information. In this paper, we propose an iterative framework for selecting subsets of NIR wavelengths aimed at classifying samples into categories. For that matter, we integrate Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and three classification techniques: k‐Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). PCA is first applied to NIR data, and a wavelength importance index is derived based on the PCA loadings. Samples are then categorized using the wavelength with the highest index and the classification accuracy is calculated; next, the wavelength with the second highest index is inserted into the dataset and a new classification is performed. This forward‐based iterative procedure is carried out until all original wavelengths are inserted into the dataset used for classification. The subset of wavelengths leading to the maximum accuracy is chosen as the recommended subset. Our propositions performed remarkably well when applied to four datasets related to food and pharmaceutical products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addition Reactions of Me3SiCN with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Aluminum Complexes Containing in their Coordination Sphere O, S, and N Ligands
Authors: Yang Zhi , Yi Yafei , Zhong Mingdong , De Sriman , Mondal Totan , Koley Debasis , Ma Xiaoli , Zhang Dongxiang , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: April 2016

The reaction of one equivalent of LAlH2 (1; L=HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, β‐diketiminate ligand) with two equivalents of 2‐mercapto‐4,6‐dimethylpyrimidine hydrate resulted in LAl[(μ‐S)(m‐C4N2H)(CH2)2]2 (2) in good yield. Similarly, when N‐2‐pyridylsalicylideneamine, N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)salicylaldimine, and ethyl 3‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate were used as starting materials, the corresponding products LAl[(μ‐O)(o‐C6H4)CN(C5NH4)]2 (3), LAlH[(μ‐O)(o‐C4H4)CN(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)] (4), and LAl[(μ‐NH)(o‐C8SH8)(COOC2H5)]2 (5) were isolated. Compounds 2–5 were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. Surprisingly, compounds 2–5 exhibit good catalytic activity in addition reactions of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN).
The α‐Glycosidation of Partially Unprotected N‐Acetyl and N‐Glycolyl Sialyl Donors in the Absence of a Nitrile Solvent Effect
Authors: Aoyagi Taku , Ohira Shuichi , Fuse Shinichiro , Uzawa Jun , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Tanaka Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

The synthesis of α‐sialosides is one of the most difficult reactions in carbohydrate chemistry and is considered to be both a thermodynamically and kinetically disfavored process. The use of acetonitrile as a solvent is an effective solution for the α‐selective glycosidation of N‐acetyl sialic acids. In this report, we report on the α‐glycosidation of partially unprotected N‐acetyl and N‐glycolyl donors in the absence of a nitrile solvent effect. The 9‐O‐benzyl‐N‐acetylthiosialoside underwent glycosidation in CH2Cl2 with a good α‐selectivity. On the other hand, the 4,7,8‐O‐triacetyl‐9‐O‐benzyl‐N‐acetylthiosialoside was converted to β‐sialoside as a major product under the same reaction conditions. The results indicate that the O‐acetyl protection of the sialyl donor was a major factor in reducing the α‐selectivity of sialylation. After tuning of the protecting groups of the hydroxy groups at the 4,7,8 position on the sialyl donor, we found that the 9‐O‐benzyl‐4‐O‐chloroacetyl‐N‐acetylthiosialoside underwent sialylation with excellent α‐selectivity in CH2Cl2. To demonstrate the utility of the method, straightforward synthesis of α(2,9) disialosides containing N‐acetyl and/or N‐glycolyl groups was achieved by using the two N‐acetyl and N‐glycolyl sialyl donors.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG UND STRUKTUR WEITERER TERNAERER PHASEN MIT MODIFIZIERTER K8GE46‐KAEFIGSTRUKTUR
Authors: WESTERHAUS W. , SCHUSTER H.‐U.
Published: April 2016

In den Systemen K‐Al,Ga,In‐Si,Ge,Sn werden alle Phasen der Zusammensetzung (I) durch Erhitzen der Elemente in Ta‐Tiegeln auf 600‐1000°C unter Ar und 5‐ l0proz. K‐Überschuß dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE DISPROPORTIONATION CONSTANTS OF MERCURY(I) IN DILUTE SOLUTIONS
Authors: SANEMASA I. , HIRATA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Disproportionierung von Hg(I) entsprechend der Gleichung A in verdünnten Perchloratlösungen wurde im Temperaturbereich 15‐35°C untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE SURFACE STATE OF AN IRIDIUM ELECTRODE IN POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: NOTOYA R.
Published: April 2016

Der Einfluß des pH‐Wertes auf den Oberflächenzustand einer Ir‐ Elektrode in O,lN KCI‐Lösungen wird im Bereich von pH = 2 bis 12 durch Potentialmessungen, Aufnahme der Ladungskurven und Adsorptionsmessungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: OCTALENE
Authors: VOGEL E. , RUNZHEIMER H.‐V. , HOGREFE F. , BAASNER B. , LEX J.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung wurde aus dem Diester (IIa) [Darstellung aus Isotetralin (I) durch Addition von Diazoessigester bekannt] über die Stufen (IIb) [LiAlH4‐Reduktion], (IIc) [Chromtrioxid/Pyridin‐Oxidation], (IId) [Tosylhydrazid in siedendem Ethanol], (III), Isomerengemisch (IV) (schwer trennbar) und dessen direkte Enthalogenierung erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CONJUGATE NUCLEOPHILIC AROYLATION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED ESTERS
Authors: PARKER K. A. , KALLMERTEN J. L.
Published: April 2016

Benzylcyanid (I) reagiert mit dem Cyclohexencarbonsäureester (II) zum Addukt (III), das mit Bleitetraacetat, Sauerstoff und Zinn(II)‐chlorid zum Keton (IV) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOPHILIC AND CARBOPHILIC ADDITION REACTIONS OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS TO THE THIOCARBONYL GROUP OF TWO NON‐ENETHIOLIZABLE THIO KETONES
Authors: PAQUER D. , VAZEUX M.
Published: April 2016

Anhand der Produktverteilung wird ausführlich untersucht, welche Faktoren bei der Addition von (II) an (I) eine Reduktion zu (III), eine thiophile Addition zu (IV) bzw. eine carbophile Ad‐ Addition zu (V) bewirken.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREACTIONS OF 2,4‐CYCLOHEXADIENONE OXIMES. HETEROLYTIC α‐CLEAVAGE
Authors: OKAZAKI R. , WATANABE M. , INAMOTO N.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Photolyse des (E)‐Oxims (I) in Methanol entstehen je nach den Bedingungen unterschiedliche Anteile an den Folgeprodukten (II)‐(IX).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS AND PHOTOACTIVITIES OF OLEFINS IN THE PRESENCE OF GROUP VI METAL CARBONYLS IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Authors: TANIELIAN C. , KIEFFER R. , HARFOUCH A.
Published: April 2016

Mit Wolfram‐hexacarbonyl erhält man aus l‐Penten (III) über eine direkte Reaktion oder über eine Isomerisierung zum 2‐Penten (IV) durch Metathese die Olefine (I) und (II) bzw. (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF THE (Z,E)‐1,3‐DIPHENYLALLYL RADICAL BY ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM THE (Z,E)‐1,3‐DIPHENYLALLYL ANION ‐ COMPARISON OF THE ROTATION BARRIERS OF RADICALS AND ANIONS
Authors: BOCHE G. , SCHNEIDER D. R.
Published: April 2016

Das unter den Reaktionsbedingungen konfigurationsstabile Anion (I) in THF wird bei Zugabe zu Nitrobenzol in THF sofort zum Radikal Z,E‐(II) oxidiert, das sich zu (III) dimerisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUENT EFFECT OF SILVER(I)‐CATALYZED OXIDATION OF MONOSUBSTITUTED PHENOLS BY PEROXYDISULFATE IN ACETONE‐WATER MEDIUM
Authors: SRIVASTAVA S. P. , SHUKLA A. K.
Published: April 2016

Die Kinetik der Oxidation monosubstituierter Phenole (Substituenten: ‐H, o‐Me, m‐Me, p‐Me, o‐Cl, m‐C1, o‐OH, m‐OH, p‐OH,‐o‐COOH, m‐COOH, p‐COOH, o‐Ph, p‐Ph, o‐O‐Me, p‐O‐Me, o‐CO‐Me, p‐CO‐Me, o‐CO‐O‐Me, p‐CO‐O‐Me, o‐Br, o‐CHO) mitS,Oä′ in 50proz. wäßrigem Aceton in Gegenwart von Ag wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF PHENOLS BY ACID BROMATE
Authors: VIJAYALAXMI VIJAYALAXMI , SUNDARAM E. V.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxidation einer Reihe von Phenolen durch BrO3‐ in Essigsäure/Wasser in Gegenwart von H2SO4 wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF CHROMIUM(VI) OXIDATION OF ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE
Authors: BHALEKAR A. A. , SHANKER R. , BAKORE G. V.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxidation der Titelverbindung (I) in 15pr0z. wäßriger Essigsäure in Gegenwart von HClO4 mit überschüssigem Oxidationsmittel führt zu den Produkten (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ORTHO‐ AND PARA‐ACETOXYBENZYL BROMIDES AND ETHERS. ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS AND KINETIC STUDY OF THEIR REACTION WITH IMIDAZOLE
Authors: REMUZON P. , WAKSELMAN M.
Published: April 2016

Die alkalische Hydrolyse z.B. der Ester (I) in Acetonitril in Gegenwart von Imidazol (II) führt unter intermediärer Bildung von N‐Acetyl‐imidazol zu den Phenolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF N‐IMIDOYLSULFIMIDES WITH CARBON DISULFIDE
Authors: YOSHIDA H. , OGATA T. , INOKAWA S.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion der Titelverbindungen (I) bzw. (VII) mit Schwefelkohlenstoff liefert die Produkte (VIII), (IX) und (X) sowie S bzw. (XI) und (IX) bzw. (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF BIS(TRANS‐1‐HEXENYL)METHYLBORANE WITH TWO MOLAR EQUIVALENTS OF METHYLCOPPER(I). EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF TRANS‐1‐HEXENYLCOPPER(I) AS AN INTERMEDIATE
Authors: YAMAMOTO Y. , YATAGAI H. , MARUYAMA K. , SONODA A. , MURAHASHI S.‐I.
Published: April 2016

Das Bis‐[trans‐hexenyl]‐methylboran (II), dargestellt durch die Reaktion des Chlor‐Analogen (I) mit Methyl‐Li, ergibt bei der Behandlung mit zwei Molen Methyl‐Cu(I) quantitativ das Dodecadien (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYZED REACTIONS‐ SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL ESTERS OF GERANIC AND FARNESOIC ACIDS IN AN AQUEOUS SYSTEM
Authors: CARDILLO G. , CONTENTO M. , PANUNZIO M. , UMANI‐ROCHI A.
Published: April 2016

Die Alkylierung des Sulfons (I) in einem Phasen‐ Transfer‐System liefert die Verbindungen (III) mit nur geringer partieller Isomerisierung.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SEMISQUARIC ACID AND ITS ALKALINE SALTS (MONILIFORMIN)
Authors: SCHARF H.‐D. , FRAUENRATH H. , PINSKE W.
Published: April 2016

Die Darstellung der Semiquadratsäure (IIIa) gelingt durch photochemische [2+2]‐ Cyclodimerisierung des cyclischen Carbonats (I) und Hydrolyse der gebildeten isomeren Cycloaddukte (IIa) bzw. (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION OF DIAZOKETONES‐ NEW STEPWISE SYNTHESIS OF SEMIBULLVALENE
Authors: RULL M. , SERRATOSA F. , VILARRASA J.
Published: April 2016

In Umkehr einer früher beschriebenen Synthese für das Lacton (I) aus Bullvalen (VII) wird das Lacton (I) zunächst zum Amid (IIa) gespalten, zu (IIb) tosyliert und dann über die N‐Nitroso‐Verbindung (III) in die T0syloxycyclopentenyl‐essigsäure (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CONSTITUTION OF THE THERMAL DIMERIZATION PRODUCT OF 2,4,6‐TRIS(4‐TERT‐BUTYLPHENYL)PHENOXYL
Authors: DIMROTH K. , TUENCHER W. , KALETSCH H.
Published: April 2016

Friedel‐Crafts‐Reaktion des Triphenylphenols (I) liefert das Derivat (II), das auch ausgehend von dem ‐ aus den Komponenten (III) und (IV) erhältlichen ‐ Pyryliumsalz (V) zugänglich ist.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNCTIONALIZED ARYLLITHIUM INTERMEDIATES. A SYNTHESIS OF BENZOCYCLOBUTENES
Authors: BREWER P. D. , TAGAT J. , HERGRUETER C. A. , HELQUIST P.
Published: April 2016

Aus den o‐Halogen‐phenethylbromiden (I) erhält man mit Butyllithium über die Li‐Verbindungen (II) die Benzocyclobutene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: TETRACYCLINE STUDIES. PART 5. NEW SYNTHESES OF ANTHRACENES AND ANTHRAQUINONES S THROUGH BENZOPHENONE CARBANIONS
Authors: BROADHURST M. J. , HASSALL C. H. , THOMAS G. J.
Published: April 2016

Verschiedene Kondensationsreaktionen von Benzophenonen wie (III), (VI), (VIII), (XI) bzw. (XII) unter Bildung von Anthracenen bzw. Anthrachinonen wie (IV), (V), (VII), (XII) (nach anschließender Oxidation) bzw. (XIV) werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF NITRO COMPOUNDS WITH IMMONIUM SALTS. 1. NITROVINYLATION OF INDOLES
Authors: BABIEVSKII K. K. , KOCHETKOV K. A. , BELIKOV V. M.
Published: April 2016

Durch Erwärmen von Dimethylformamid (I) mit Thionylchlorid (II) auf 40°C wird das Iminiumchlorid (III) hergestellt, das nach Zugabe von Indol bei 20°C das Indolderivat (IV) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATIONS ON DIAZO COMPOUNDS AND AZIDES, XXIX. OXYGEN SHIFT IN SULFONYL AZIDE ADDITIONS TO (ETHYL‐ AND PHENYLTHIOETHYNYL)AMINES
Authors: FRANK D. , HIMBERT G. , REGITZ M.
Published: April 2016

Die Mercaptoethinylamine (I) reagieren mit dem Nitrophenylazid (II) zu den 1:1‐Cycloaddukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF ALDEHYDES WITH METHYLIMIDAZO(1,2‐A)PYRIDINES
Authors: HAND E. S. , PAUDLER W. W. , ZACHOW S.
Published: April 2016

Reaktionen der Methyl‐imidazopyridine (I) mit Aldehyden werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ANNULENES. 25. SYNTHESIS AND SOME PROPERTIES OF AZA(17)ANNULENES
Authors: ROETTELE H. , HEIL G. , SCHROEDER G.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Addition de.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSAMIDATION REACTIONS. 2. THE ′ZIP′ REACTION‐ A NEW METHOD FOR RING ENLARGEMENT, SYNTHESIS OF 17‐ AND 21‐MEMBERED POLYAMINOLACTAMS
Authors: KRAMER U. , GUGGISBERG A. , HESSE M. , SCHMID H.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung des Na‐Salzes des Azacyclotridecanons (I) mit Acrylonitril (II) und anschließende katalytische Hydrierung des gebildeten Nitrils liefern das Aminopropylderivat (III); eine Wiederholung dieser Reaktionssequenz an (III) gibt das 13gliedrige Diaminolactam (IV), das mit dem K‐Amid (V) zu dem Triazacycloheneicosanon (VI) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANNULENES. 26. CONCERNING OXA(17)ANNULENES
Authors: SCHROEDER G. , PLINKE G. , OTH J. F. M.
Published: April 2016

Epoxidierung des Cyclooctatetraen‐Dimeren (I) gibt die 3 Monoepoxide (II)‐(IV) sowie ein (strukturell nicht näher untersuchtes) Bisepoxid (V); bei der Bestrahlung von (II), (III) oder (IV) werden jeweils 3 ‐ in Lösung recht stabile ‐ Oxaannulene (VIa), (VIb), (VII) gebildet, deren Konfigurationen eingehend untersucht werden (1H‐NMR‐Spektren).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW LACTONE SYNTHESIS
Authors: VORBRUEGGEN H. , KROLIKIEWICZ K.
Published: April 2016

Durch langsames gleichzeitiges Zutropfen der ω‐Hydroxysäuren (I) und des Formamidacetals (II) in Toluol zu kochendem Toluol entstehen über die polaren Zwischenstufen (III) die Lactone (IV) neben deren Oligomeren (V).
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROPEROXIDE EPOXIDATION OF SILICON‐CONTAINING OLEFINS
Authors: GAILYUNAS I. A. , TSYRLINA E. M. , SOLOV'EVA N. I. , KOMALENKOVA I. G. , YUR'EV V. P.
Published: April 2016

Die direkte Epoxidierung siliciumorganischer Olefine durch Persäuren kann zu einer Spaltung der Si‐C‐ Bindung führen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF P‐HALO YLIDES
Authors: KOLODYAZHNYI O. I.
Published: April 2016

Die Halogenphosphorane (III) reagieren mit Bisphenylsulfonyl‐methan (II) zu den P‐Halogen‐yliden (Ia)‐(Ic).
ChemInform Abstract: FOUR‐ AND FIVE‐MEMBERED PHOSPHORUS HETEROCYCLES. 25. INTRAMOLECULAR OXIDATIVE E ADDITION OF AZOPYRIDINE TO PHOSPHORUS(III)
Authors: SCHMIDPETER A. , WEINMAIER J. H.
Published: April 2016

Die Indikatoren Pyridylazo‐ und Thiazolylazonaphthol (I) reagieren mit den Chlorphosphinen (II) als dreizähnige Liganden und bilden aufgrund des Reduktionsvermögens von P(III) unter oxidativer Addition die Bicyclophosphorane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF COBALT(II), NICKEL(II), AND COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH ACETALDEHYDE OXIME AND BENZALDEHYDE OXIME
Authors: TANAKA H. , KUMA H. , YAMADA S.
Published: April 2016

Co(II)‐, Ni(II)‐ und Cu(II)‐Salze bilden bei der Umsetzung mit den Titelliganden zum Teil abhängig von der Stöchiometrie die teils bekannten, teils erstmalig isolierten Komplexe (I)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐DAMSIN
Authors: DECLERCQ P. , VANDEWALLE M.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese von (i)‐Damsin (XII) wird in der angegebenen Weise in guter Ausbeute vorgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: ONE VESSEL SYNTHESIS OF 4‐HYDROXYPROLINE FROM GLYOXAL AND OXALOACETIC ACID
Authors: RAMASWAMY S. G. , ADAMS E.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Kondensation zwischen Glyoxal (I) und Oxalessigsäure (II) entsteht über das Addukt (III) mit Ammoniak das mit der cyclischen Form (V) im Gleichgewicht stehende Amino‐carbinol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF BENZYL ETHERS OF 1,2‐DIDEOXY‐2′‐METHYL‐α‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSO(2,1‐D)‐Δ2′‐OXAZOLINE FOR USE IN OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS
Authors: ROLLIN P. , SINAY P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Behandlung mit F eC13 wird die aus dem Derivat (I) über die Stufe (II) erhältliche Desoxyacetamidoglucose (III) in das Oxazolin (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: QUANTITATIVE FIELD DESORPTION MASS SPECTROMETRY. 7. QUANTITATIVE TRACE ANALYSIS OF METALS WITH FIELD DESORPTION MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: LEHMANN W. D. , SCHULTEN H.‐R.
Published: April 2016

Durch Kombination der FD‐Massenspektrometrie mit einem Vielkanalanalysator gelingt die Bestimmung der Verteilung von ′Li und 7 Li in kommerziellen Li‐Salzen und einer Umweltprobe.
ChemInform Abstract: SPONTANEOUSLY STARTING ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION BY WAY OF ZWITTERION INTERMEDIATES
Authors: SAEGUSA T.
Published: April 2016

Review: Ein neuer Copolymerisationstyp wird beschrieben, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß das Kettenwachstum spontan ohne Zusatz eines Katalysators abläuft.
ChemInform Abstract: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STANDARD FREE ENERGIES OF TRANSFER OF IONS AND EMPIRICAL SOLVENT PARAMETERS
Authors: MAYER U.
Published: April 2016

Die Freien Standardenthalpien für die Überführung von Ionen aus dem Vergleichslösungsmittel AcCN in verschiedene protische und aprotische Lösungsmittel werden unter der Annahme vernachlässigbarer Diffusionsenthalpien in geeigneten galvanischen Ketten berechnet.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF A PALLADIUM‐SILVER (HYDROGEN) ELECTRODE
Authors: POLCARO A. M. , RICCI P. F. , VIOLA A.
Published: April 2016

Es wird das elektrochemische Verhalten einer Plattenelektrode aus einer Pd‐Ag‐Legierung (75:25) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE DISSOLUTION OF CUPRIC HYDROXIDE FILMS FROM COPPER SURFACES
Authors: SHOESMITH D. W. , LEE W.
Published: April 2016

Die Auflösung von unter genau definierten potentiostatischen Bedingungen auf Cu gebildeten Cu(OH)2‐ Filmen in LiOH wird als Funktion von [OH′ ], der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit einer rotierenden Scheibenelektrode und des Bildungspotentials untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS AT SQUARE‐PLANAR D8 METAL CENTERS AND THE KINETIC CIS AND TRANS EFFECTS. A GENERAL MOLECULAR ORBITAL DESCRIPTION
Authors: BURDETT J. K.
Published: April 2016

Ein Winkelüberlappungsmodell der Metall‐Liganden‐Wechselwirkung wird zur vorläufigen Ableitung einer Potentialfläche mit zwei Maxima für die Substitution eines einfachen Liganden in einem planar‐quadratischen Übergangsmetallkomplex mit low‐spin‐ds‐System benutzt.
ChemInform Abstract: DETERMINATION OF THE MECHANISM FOR THE AQUATION OF COBALT(III) AND CHROMIUM(III) PENTAAMMINE COMPLEXES BY THE USE OF A VOLUME PROFILE DIAGRAM
Authors: PALMER D. A. , KELM H.
Published: April 2016

Die Geschwindigkeit der Aquotisierung von Co(NH3)5Me2SO3+ wird in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur (25‐95 .8°C) und Druck (1‐1500 bar) gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHATE CYCLES
Authors: EMSLEY J.
Published: April 2016

Im Gegensatz zu Wasserstoff, Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff, Sauerstoff und Schwefel beschränkt sich Phosphor auf einen Transfer zwischen der Lithosphäre und der Hydrosphäre (Sedimentationscyclen).
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR METALATION WITH M
Authors: HUIE B. T. , KNOBLER C. B. , MCKINNEY R. J. , KAESZ H. D.
Published: April 2016

Die bei Weiterreaktion des primären Thermolyseproduktes von cis‐CH3Mn(CO)4PPh3 sich neben dem Produkt (Ic) bildenden Verbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) werden röntgenographisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS OF FREE RADICALS, 6. RADICALS WITH BICYCLOOCTANE, TRICYCLOOCTANE, AND TETRACYCLOOCTANE SKELETON
Authors: SUSTMANN R. , GELLERT R. W.
Published: April 2016

Radikale mit Bicyclo[3.2.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC ADDITIONS TO MULTIPLE BONDS. 2. MEDIUM EFFECT ON BROMINE ADDITIONS TO ALKENES
Authors: MODRO A. , SCHMID G. H. , YATES K.
Published: April 2016

Zahlreiche Olefine, z.B. der allgemeinen Formeln (I) und (II), werden hinsichtlich der Bromierung in Eisessig untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMIC STEROCHEMISTRY OF IMINES AND DERIVATIVES. 12. BIS(N‐ALKYLIMINES) DERIVED FROM TETRAMETHYLCYCLOBUTANE‐1,3‐DIONE
Authors: BJORGO J. , BOYD D. R. , JENNINGS W. B. , MUCKETT P. M. , WARING L. C.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart von TiCl4 erhält man aus 2,2,4,4‐Tetramethyl‐cyclobutan‐1,3‐dion die isomeren Bis‐imine (I) und (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF 1,5‐DIMETHOXY‐1,4‐CYCLOHEXADIENE. A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ALKYL‐ AND 2‐ALKENYL‐1,3‐CYCLOHEXANEDIONES
Authors: PIERS E. , GRIERSON J. R.
Published: April 2016

Zur Alkylierung von 1,3‐Cyclohexandion (I) in 2‐Stellung wird ein verbessertes Verfahren beschrieben, nach dem zunächst eine Methylierung zum Dimethoxy‐cyclohexadien (II) erfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL ACCESS TO 2‐SUBSTITUTED INDOLES AND A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF SECODINE‐TYPE ALKALOIDS
Authors: MARAZANO C. , FOURREY J. L. , DAS B. C.
Published: April 2016

Die Belichtung eines Gemisches aus den Indolen (I) und Acrylsäuremethylester (II) in Dichlormethan und anschließende Alkylierung mit Methyliodid/ Kaliumcarbonat in Aceton führen zu den Addukten (III) und (IV), von denen (IIIa) und (IVa) mit Natriumperiodat zu den Sulfoxiden (Va) und (VIa) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SOME REACTIONS OF 4H‐PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: FREEMAN J. P. , JANIGA E. R. , LORENC J. F.
Published: April 2016

Aus den N‐Hydroxypyrazolen (I) und den entsprechenden N′‐Oxiden (III) entstehen mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit und ähnlichen Chlorierungsmitteln die Substitutionsprodukte (II) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL REACTIONS OF SILANES. 3. OCTACARBONYLDICOBALT‐CATALYZED REACTIONS OF CYCLIC ETHERS WITH HYDROSILANES AND CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: SEKI Y. , MURAI S. , YAMAMOTO I. , SONODA N.
Published: April 2016

Die silylgeschützten Hydroxyaldehyde (II) und (IV) werden aus den cyclischen Ethern (I) bzw. (III) durch Behandlung mit Diethylmethylsilan und CO in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Octacarbonyldicobalt im Autoklaven direkt und in brauchbaren Ausbb.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIS(TERT‐BUTYLIMINO)SULFUR(VI) AND BIS(TERT‐BUTYLIMINO) (SILYLIMINO)SULFUR(VI) ‐ COMPOUNDS WITH ′YPSILON TRIENE′ STRUCTURE
Authors: GLEMSER O. , POHL S. , TESKY F.‐M. , MEWS R.
Published: April 2016

Verbindungen mit "Ypsilontrien"‐Struktur.