bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Secara Sederhana Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong
Authors: Bintari Wisang Candra , Rawi Rais Dera Pua , Harisa Siti
Published: November 2019

Laporan keuangan merupakan informasi yang dapat digunakan oleh berbagai pengguna kepentingan untuk mengetahui kinerja suatu perusahaan yang sangat berguna untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang tepat. Tujuan dari laporan keuangan adalah menyediakan informasi yang menyangkut keuangan , kinerja serta perubahan posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan yang bermanfaat bagi sejumlah besar pemakai dalam pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : untuk mengetahui penyusunan laporan keuangan secara sederhana pada mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi universitas muhammadiyah sorong. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan lokasi penelitian berada pada Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong dan wawancara yang dilakukan kepada seorang dosen Mata Kuliah Akuntansi. di Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatf.. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan mahasiswa sudah mengetahui cara penyusunan laporan keuangan, dan upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan keterampilan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan akan terus dilakukan melalui pelatihan-pelatihan.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Left Ventricle Myocardium in an SHR Congenic Line With Ameliorated Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: MIRCHI L. , CHYLÍKOVÁ B. , JANKŮ M. , ŠEDA O. , LIŠKA F.
Published: November 2019

Metabolic syndrome and one of its manifestations, essential hypertension, is an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension are caused by organ complications. Previously we revealed a decrease of blood pressure and an amelioration of cardiac fibrosis in a congenic line of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in which a short segment of chromosome 8 (encompassing only 7 genes) was exchanged for a segment of normotensive polydactylous (PD) origin. To unravel the genetic background of this phenotype we compared heart transcriptomes between SHR rat males and this chromosome 8 minimal congenic line (PD5). We found 18 differentially expressed genes, which were further analyzed using annotations from Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Four of the differentially expressed genes (Per1, Nr4a1, Nr4a3, Kcna5) belong to circadian rhythm pathways, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and potassium homeostasis. We were also able to confirm Nr4a1 2.8x-fold upregulation in PD5 on protein level using Western blotting, thus suggesting a possible role of Nr4a1 in pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
Opioid and Endocannabinoid System in Orofacial Pain
Authors: ZUBRZYCKI M. , STASIOLEK M. , ZUBRZYCKA M.
Published: November 2019

Orofacial pain disorders are frequent in the general population and their pharmacological treatment is difficult and controversial. Therefore, the search for novel, safe and efficient analgesics is an important but still elusive goal for contemporary medicine. In the recent years, the antinociceptive potential of endocannabinoids and opioids has been emphasized. However, concerns for the safety of their use limit their clinical applications. the possibility of modulating the activity of endocannabinoids by regulation of their synthesis and/or degradation offers an innovative approach to the treatment of pain. A rat model of trigeminal pain, utilizing tongue jerks evoked by electrical tooth pulp stimulation during perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with various neurotransmitter solutions can be used in the pharmacological studies of nociception in the orofacial area. The aim of this review is to present the effects of pharmacological activity of opioids and endocannabinoids affecting the transmission of the sensory information from the orofacial area on the example of trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS LEARNING CYCLE 7E MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK
Authors: Rahayu Wati
Published: November 2019

This study aims to improve teacher competency in developing lesson plans based on the 7E learning cycle through academic supervision. The study was conducted at Air Putih 010 Air Putih Elementary School on 13 teachers conducted for 2 months starting from 26 August to 19 October 2019. This class action research design refers to the research design according to Stephen Kemmis and Mc. Taggart consists of 4 stages in each cycle, including: 1) planning, 2) action, 3) observation, and 4) reflection. Data analysis through the stages of data collection, data simplification, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results showed an increase experienced by teachers namely from the first cycle of 66% which is included in the category enough to 83% which is a very good category. Conclusions based on the results and discussion are the competencies of teachers in developing lesson plans based on the 7E learning cycle have increased after academic supervision.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR GURU BERBASIS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAM GAME TOURNAMENT MELALUI BIMBINGAN BERKELOMPOK DI SDN 016 BANJAR LOPAK
Authors: Bartunus Bartunus
Published: November 2019

This study aims to improve teacher teaching skills based on team game tournament learning models through group guidance. This research was conducted in September - October 2019 at SDN 016 Banjar Lopak with 14 subjects as teachers. The study design uses school action research that has stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research instrument used observation sheets. The results showed an increase in teacher teaching skills based on team game tournament learning models in the first cycle by 71% which is enough to be 87% which is included in the excellent category. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui bimbingan berkelompok dapat meningkatkan keterampilan mengajar guru berbasis model pembelajaran team game tournament.
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FILMS BASED ON BISMUTH AND COPPER VANADATES
Authors: Smilyk Vitaliy , Fomanyuk Sergiy , Kolbasov Gennadiy , Rusetskyi Ihor
Published: November 2019

BiVO4, BiVO4 / WO3 and Cu3VO4 films were obtained by the method of electrochemical synthesis using interferometric control of the film thickness during their deposition; It is shown that films absorb light in the long-wave region of the solar spectrum. The materials obtained also have good adhesion with the optically transparent substrate SnO2. From the analysis of the photocurrent spectra, it was determined that the photoelectrochemical efficiency of BiVO4 crystalline films depends on the thickness of such films. BiVO4 films with a thickness of 80–150 nm showed high values of the quantum yield of the photocurrent as compared with films with a thickness of 0.5–1 μm. From XRD, it was established that after annealing at 500°C, the films BiVO4 and WO3 crystallize into the structure of monoclinic scheelite. It has been established that the WO3 layer in the BiVO4 / WO3 heterostructure increases its overall photoelectrochemical efficiency in the ultraviolet and near visible regions of the spectrum. It was established that, depending on the heat treatment conditions, the band gap of the obtained Cu3VO4 films is from 1.4 to 2.2 eV, which allows them to be used as photoanods for photoelectrochemical converters of solar energy. Due to the narrow width of the bandgap, Cu3VO4 can absorb visible light in almost the entire long-wave region. But the literature data on photoelectrochemical properties of Cu3VO4 and BiVO4 are limited, in this connection there is a need for the development of techniques for the synthesis of photosensitive films based on Cu3VO4 and BiVO4 and their photoelectrochemical characteristics. In this paper we investigate the photoelectrochemical characteristics of copper vapor and vanadium Cu3VO4 and BiVO4 bismuth which can absorb visible light in the long-wave region of the solar spectrum and work in pairs as a photo anode (BiVO4) and a photocathode of Cu3VO4 in a photoelectrochemical cell for the production of hydrogen and oxygen.
For the good of the empire, or the relief of the poor? Motivations for British Government Provision of Famine Relief in Scotland, 1783–4
Authors: Cullen Karen
Published: November 2019

The failure of the grain and potato harvests across much of Britain in 1782 led to the enactment of traditional famine-relief measures across the country to secure sufficient food supply for the population. It has been well established by historians that the British government also allocated £10,000 worth of grain to the north of Scotland to provide additional support. What has been less thoroughly investigated is why. This article examines the motivations behind the government's break with traditional famine-relief policies by exploring the nature and impact of the crisis in the north of Scotland in greater detail. By comparing government intervention in major Scottish subsistence crises both before and after 1782–4, the government's actions in 1783 can be seen as marking a significant change in attitude towards the most vulnerable sections of the population during subsistence crises, and the inhabitants of the north of Scotland in particular. Consequently, a new policy of state-sponsored famine relief was established that shaped government response to subsequent Highland subsistence crises until the 1840s.
Assessment of Carbohydrate Count Method Knowledge Levels and Insulin Types of Individuals with Type 1 DM
Authors: ARSLAN Müge
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the knowledge status of carbohydrate (CHO) counting method and to examine the insulin types and doses of adult individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who applied CHO count.Methods: This is a descriptive study. The working group of this study consisted of 118 patients with T1DM who applied CHO counting, aged 18-65 using outpatient treatment in the endocrine outpatient clinics of Antakya Academy Hospital, Private Eastern Mediterranean Hospital and Private Laurel Hospitals in Hatay. In the study, a questionnaire consisting of questions about the participants’ introductory information (such as age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), feeding habits (main meals, snacks, fluid consumption), insulin type and doses and CHO counting information level was applied to the participants.Results: The mean age of the participants was 35 years, the mean BMI was 24.5 kg /m2 the mean duration of diabetes was 13.6 months and the duration of CHO counting was 22 months. The most frequently used insulin type was rapid-acting insulin with 49.2%. Participants administered the highest amount of insulin overnight and an average of 14.83 units. The most preferred CHO counting level of the participants was second level with 40.7%. 57.6% of the participants thought that they had information about CHO counting. Participants have the highest information on CHO counts from dietitians (51.7%). Participants’ most preferred method when performing CHO counting; The portion estimation method with 50.8%. In addition, 68.6% of the participants stated that they had no difficulty in adjusting insulin dosage by CHO counting method. 67.8% of the participants thought that CHO amount was more important than CHO types. In addition, 44.1% of the participants who used CHO counting method had information about CHO containing foods, but they hadn’t enough information, and 16.9% of the participants said that they have no idea.Conclusions: Participants were most likely to use overnight and rapid-long-acting insulin, and their preferred method of CHO counting was second level. The majority of participants had knowledge of CHO counting, but their knowledge were insufficient. In addition, the majority of participants didn’t have difficulty adjusting insulin dosage by CHO counting method.
Nutrient Status and Root Density of Huanglongbing-Affected Trees: Consequences of Irrigation Water Bicarbonate and Soil pH Mitigation with Acidification
Authors: Morgan Kelly T. , Graham James H.
Published: November 2019

The Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus bacterium, associated with Huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus trees, moves downward in the phloem and infects the roots soon after transmission by the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) vector into shoots. Before canopy symptoms appear, 30–50% of the roots are damaged. Without aggressive management to reduce abiotic and biotic stress, root loss increases to 70–80%. An extensive survey of HLB-affected groves in central and south-central Florida indicated that a greater decline in fibrous root health as well as a greater expression of HLB symptoms is observed where irrigation water is high in bicarbonates (>100 mg L−1) and soil pH is >6.5. Over three seasons of survey, acidification of irrigation water in the central and south-central citrus growing regions of Florida reduced the decline in root density associated with HLB. Irrigation water treatment with sulfuric acid and soil amendment with elemental sulfur for 36 months to establish a soil pH range from 4.0 to 7.0 increased root growth, soil nutrient availability, and the uptake of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn in response to a gradual reduction in soil pH in young and mature Valencia orange groves on Swingle citrumelo rootstock. The reduction in soil pH increased yield and soluble solids in fruit and so would improve citrus production.
Avocado Production and Local Trade in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania: A Case of an Emerging Trade Commodity from Horticulture
Authors: Juma Ibrahim , Fors Hanna , Hovmalm Helena Persson , Nyomora Agnes , Fatih Moneim , Geleta Mulatu , Carlsson Anders S. , Ortiz Rodomiro Octavio
Published: November 2019

Avocado crop in Tanzania is sparingly investigated regardless of being an important fruit commodity. This study was undertaken to explore the yield and the value chain of this crop in the country. Data were collected mainly by face-to-face interviews with 275 avocado farmers, 231 avocado traders and 16 key informants. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The average crop yield ranged from 76 to 124 kg plant−1 between regions. The average price for the farmers’ produce ranged from US$ 0.30 to 0.45 kg−1 between regions. About 72% of the farmers were dissatisfied with avocado business whereas 79% of the traders were pleased with it. A number of challenges were found hindering the development of the avocado industry in Tanzania, which in turn affects the fruit yield and the value chain. Addressing these challenges at the national, regional, district and village levels is important for improving the livelihood of Tanzanian farmers growing this crop, given the fact that a good proportion of the country’s population is employed in the agricultural sector and most of the reported challenges also affect the value chain of other crops.
Impact of Non-Confinement Accommodation on Farrowing Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Farrowing Crates Versus Pens
Authors: Glencorse Dannielle , Plush Kate , Hazel Susan , D’Souza Darryl , Hebart Michelle
Published: November 2019

There are conflicting reports regarding the effect of farrowing house accommodation on piglet performance. The aim of this investigation was to use a systematic review and meta-analyses to summarise the results of publications that focused on direct comparisons between full confinement conventional crates and various designs of loose-housed farrowing pens from loading until weaning. Literature searches in Scopus, BIOSIS Previews, Cab Abstracts, and Web of Science identified 6695 articles. Twenty-two publications were retained for the systematic review and individual meta-analyses after screening for inclusion criteria. The random effects meta-analyses were performed on crate versus pen for number of piglets born alive, number of stillborn piglets, pre-weaning mortality, and number of piglets weaned. Additionally, the modifiers of confinement length (no confinement from loading until weaning or partial confinement for shorter periods of time in the early stages post parturition), enrichment (no enrichment or enrichment provided), and pen size (small, medium, or large) were examined. There was a 14% increase in the relative risk of piglet mortality in farrowing pens when they were compared with crates (p = 0.0015). The number of stillborns per litter was not different between the pen and crate. However, when providing enrichment in the pens, there was an increase in stillborns within farrowing crates versus pens (p = 0.009). There was no overall effect on piglets that were born alive or number weaned. As there is no difference between piglets born alive and mortality is significantly higher in farrowing pens, a reduction in the number of piglets weaned was expected but not observed, which was possibly due to the lack of weaning details provided in the publications. This was the first systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on the performance of farrowing accommodation and identified that farrowing pens do compromise post-natal piglet survival. Future efforts should focus on improving sow comfort in the farrowing crate to maximize both piglet and sow welfare.
The Potential of Post-Mortem Carcass Assessments in Reflecting the Welfare of Beef and Dairy Cattle
Authors: Knock Melody , Carroll Grace A.
Published: November 2019

There is increasing interest in utilizing meat inspection data to help inform farmers of the health and welfare of their herds. The aim of this study was to determine whether ante-mortem measures of welfare in beef and dairy cattle (N = 305) were associated with post-mortem measures at a United Kingdom (UK) abattoir. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the ability of ante-mortem measures of lameness, cleanliness, skin lesions, hair loss and body condition in predicting hot carcass weight and the frequency of carcass bruising. For beef cattle, lameness score (p = 0.04), cleanliness score (p = 0.02) and age (p < 0.001), were predictors of carcass bruise score while lameness score (p = 0.03), body condition (p = 0.01) and sex (p < 0.001) were predictors of hot carcass weight. For dairy cattle, sex (p < 0.001) and slaughter day (p < 0.001) were predictors of carcass bruise score while skin lesion score (p = 0.01), body condition (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), slaughter day (p < 0.001) and number of moves (p = 0.01) were predictors of hot carcass weight. These results suggest that recording carcass weight and carcass bruising at meat inspection may have potential as a general indicator of health and welfare status in cattle. However, animal characteristics and variables, such as slaughter day and abattoir staffing, should be taken into account when interpreting the results.
RETRACTED: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Vanillic Acid against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Qian Weidong , Fu Yuting , Liu Miao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jianing , Yang Min , Sun Zhaohuan , Li Xiang , Li Yongdong
Published: November 2019

Vanillic acid (VA) is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits. Few recent studies exhibited robust antibacterial activity of VA against several pathogen microorganisms. However, little was reported about the effect of VA on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC). The purpose of the current study was to assess in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of VA against CREC. Here, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of VA against CREC was determined via gradient diffusion method. Furthermore, the antibacterial mode of VA against CREC was elucidated by measuring changes in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, intracellular pH (pHin), cell membrane potential and membrane integrity. In addition, antibiofilm formation of VA was measured by crystal violet assay and visualized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that MIC of VA against E. cloacae was 600 μg/mL. VA was capable of inhibiting the growth of CREC and destroying the cell membrane integrity of CREC, as confirmed by the decrease of intracellular ATP concentration, pHin and membrane potential as well as distinctive variation in cellular morphology. Moreover, crystal violet staining, FESEM and CLSM results indicated that VA displayed robust inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of CREC and inactivated biofilm-related CREC cells. These findings revealed that VA exhibits potent antibacterial activity against CREC, and thus has potential to be exploited as a natural preservative to control the CREC associated infections.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Candida albicans in Blood Plasma and Whole Blood
Authors: Sousa Vera , Gomes Ana T. P. C. , Freitas Américo , Faustino Maria A. F. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Almeida Adelaide
Published: November 2019

The few approved disinfection techniques for blood derivatives promote damage in the blood components, representing risks for the transfusion receptor. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) seems to be a promising approach for the photoinactivation of pathogens in blood, but only three photosensitizers (PSs) have been approved, methylene blue (MB) for plasma and riboflavin and amotosalen for plasma and platelets. In this study, the efficiency of the porphyrinic photosensitizer Tri-Py(+)-Me and of the porphyrinic formulation FORM was studied in the photoinactivation of Candida albicans in plasma and in whole blood and the results were compared to the ones obtained with the already approved PS MB. The results show that FORM and Tri-Py(+)-Me are promising PSs to inactivate C. albicans in plasma. Although in whole blood the inactivation rates obtained were higher than the ones obtained with MB, further improvements are required. None of these PSs had promoted hemolysis at the isotonic conditions when hemolysis was evaluated in whole blood and after the addition of treated plasma with these PSs to concentrates of red blood cells.
Caveats for the Good and Bad of Dietary Red Meat
Authors: Omaye Anthony T. , Omaye Stanley T.
Published: November 2019

Red meat and its constituents of heme iron or free iron have been the target of scrutiny related to their purported association to many chronic diseases. However, in contrast, red meat provides a rich source of nutrition. In 2007, Al Tappel hypothesized that the mechanistic explanation for the adverse impact of iron and heme iron could be the strong influence these substances have in initiating and promoting oxidative stress. Also, there is an emphasis on the importance of dietary antioxidants in the modulation of these adverse effects. The goal of this argumentative review is to provide an update of the importance of dietary red meat for health, and the hypothesis that oxidative stress initiated by dietary iron and heme iron may be related to chronic diseases, with a particular emphasis on recent research that impacts the paradigm. We also examine potential dietary changes that could substantially modify the potential adverse outcomes of chronic diseases initiated by heme iron mechanisms, e.g., consumption of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables.
Automatic Feature Region Searching Algorithm for Image Registration in Printing Defect Inspection Systems
Authors: Chen Yajun , He Peng , Gao Min , Zhang Erhu
Published: November 2019

Image registration is a key step in printing defect inspection systems based on machine vision, and its accuracy depends on the selected feature regions to a great extent. Aimed at the current problems of low efficiency and crucial errors of human vision and manual selection, this study proposes a new automatic feature region searching algorithm for printed image registration. First, all obvious shapes are extracted in the preliminary shape extraction process. Second, shape searching algorithms based on contour point distribution information and edge gradient direction, respectively, are proposed. The two algorithms are combined to put forward a relatively effective and discriminative feature region searching algorithm that can automatically detect shapes such as quasi-rectangular, oval, and so on, as feature regions. The entire image and the subregional experimental results show that the proposed method can be used to extract ideal shape regions, which can be used as characteristic shape regions for image registration in printing defect detection systems.
The Use of Underwater Gliders as Acoustic Sensing Platforms
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Li JianLong , Xu Wen
Published: November 2019

Underwater gliders travel through the ocean by buoyancy control, which makes their motion silent and involves low energy consumption. Due to those advantages, numerous studies on underwater acoustics have been carried out using gliders and different acoustic payloads have been developed. This paper aims to illustrate the use of gliders in underwater acoustic observation and target detection through experimental data from two sea trials. Firstly, the self-noise of the glider is analyzed to illustrate its feasibility as an underwater acoustic sensing platform. Then, the ambient noises collected by the glider from different depths are presented. By estimating the transmission loss, the signal receiving ability of the glider is assessed, and a simulation of target detection probability is performed to show the advantages of the glider over other underwater vehicles. Moreover, an adaptive line enhancement is presented to further reduce the influence of self-noise. Meanwhile, two hydrophones are mounted at both ends of the glider to form a simple array with a large aperture and low energy consumption. Thus, the target azimuth estimation is verified using broadband signals, and a simple scheme to distinguish the true angle from the port‒starboard ambiguity is presented. The results indicate that the glider does have advantages in long-term and large-scale underwater passive sensing.
A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion
Authors: Yip Ho Lung , Srna Aleš , Yuen Anthony Chun Yin , Kook Sanghoon , Taylor Robert A. , Yeoh Guan Heng , Medwell Paul R. , Chan Qing Nian
Published: November 2019

A paradigm shift towards the utilization of carbon-neutral and low emission fuels is necessary in the internal combustion engine industry to fulfil the carbon emission goals and future legislation requirements in many countries. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and main fuel is a promising option due to its carbon-free content, wide flammability limits and fast flame speeds. For spark-ignited internal combustion engines, utilizing hydrogen direct injection has been proven to achieve high engine power output and efficiency with low emissions. This review provides an overview of the current development and understanding of hydrogen use in internal combustion engines that are usually spark ignited, under various engine operation modes and strategies. This paper then proceeds to outline the gaps in current knowledge, along with better potential strategies and technologies that could be adopted for hydrogen direct injection in the context of compression-ignition engine applications—topics that have not yet been extensively explored to date with hydrogen but have shown advantages with compressed natural gas.
Processing of Alnico Magnets by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: White Emma , Rinko Emily , Prost Timothy , Horn Timothy , Ledford Christopher , Rock Christopher , Anderson Iver
Published: November 2019

Permanent magnets without rare earth (RE) elements, such as alnico, will improve supply stability and potentially decrease permanent magnet cost, especially for traction drive motors and other increased temperature applications. Commercial alnico magnets with the highest energy product are produced by directional solidification (DS) to achieve a <001> columnar grain orientation followed by significant final machining, adding to the high cost. Additive manufacturing (AM) is an effective method to process near net-shape parts with minimal final machining of complex geometries. AM also, has potential for texture/grain orientation control and compositionally graded structures. This report describes fabrication of alnico magnets by AM using both laser engineered net shaping (LENS)/directed energy deposition (DED) and electron beam melting powder bed fusion (EBM/PBF). High pressure gas atomized (HPGA) pre-alloyed alnico powders, with high purity and sphericity, were built into cylindrical and rectangular samples, followed by magnetic annealing (MA) and a full heat treatment (FHT). The magnetic properties of these AM processed specimens were different from their cast and sintered counterparts of the same composition and show a great sensitivity to heat treatment. The AM process parameters used in this developmental study did not yet result in any preferred texture within the alnico AM builds. These findings demonstrate feasibility for near net-shape processing of alnico permanent magnets for use in next generation traction drive motors and other applications requiring increased operating temperatures and/or complex engineered part geometries, especially with further AM process development for texture control.
Optimization Based on Product and Desirability Functions for Flow Distribution in Multi-Channel Cooling Systems of Power Inverters in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hur Deog-Jae , Jeong Suk-Hwan , Song Seong-Il , Noh Jung-Hun
Published: November 2019

The onboard charger (OBC)/low-voltage DC-DC converter (LDC) integrated power inverter for electric vehicles comprises multiple electrical elements that can heat up, which can cause performance degradation and system instability issues in electric vehicles. To address this, a cooling system is included in the OBC/LDC integrated power inverter, which primarily uses water as a coolant. In this water cooling method, controlling the flow rate of water is critical for uniform cooling of the component. Thus, we propose an optimization method that helps determine the design variables to ensure uniform flow rate in each channel of the water-cooled system. The control variables for fluid-flux flow distribution optimization are selected by performing flow analysis for the initial design shape and analyzing their effects on fluid-flux flow distribution. For optimization analysis, the central composite design technique was applied; in addition, multi-response surface optimization using the same flow rate for each channel was performed. The optimization results were compared and verified using desirability functions based on the flow ratio of the cooling water channel, product function, and error function. Among single-response objective functions, the product function showed excellent performance. However, optimization using a multi-response objective function showed significantly higher prediction accuracy than the single-response function: using the optimized design obtained with the multi-response objective function improved the fluid-flux flow distribution uniformity by approximately 90% or more than the initial design.
Stress-Controlled Frequency Tuning and Parametric Amplification of the Vibrations of Coupled Nanomembranes
Authors: Naserbakht Sepideh , Naesby Andreas , Dantan Aurélien
Published: November 2019

Noninvasive tuning of the mechanical resonance frequencies of suspended parallel nanomembranes in various monolithic arrays is achieved by piezoelectric control of their tensile stress. Parametric amplification of their thermal fluctuations is shown to be enhanced by the piezoelectric actuation and amplification factors of up to 20 dB in the sub-parametric oscillation threshold regime are observed.
Predicting Rice Pest Population Occurrence with Satellite-Derived Crop Phenology, Ground Meteorological Observation, and Machine Learning: A Case Study for the Central Plain of Thailand
Authors: Skawsang Sukij , Nagai Masahiko , K. Tripathi Nitin , Soni Peeyush
Published: November 2019

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (BPH) is one of the most harmful insect pests in rice paddy fields, which causes considerable yield loss and consequent economic problems, particularly in the central plain of Thailand. Accurate and timely forecasting of pest population incidence would support farmers in planning effective mitigation. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF) and classic linear multiple regression (MLR) analyses were applied and compared to forecast the BPH population using weather and host-plant phenology factors during the crop dry season from 2006 to 2016 in the central plain of Thailand. Data from satellite earth observation was used to monitor crop phenology factors affecting BPH population density. An ANN model with integrated ground-based meteorological variables and satellite-derived host plant variables was more accurate for short-term forecasting of the peak abundance of BPH when compared with RF and MLR, according to a reasonably validating dataset (RMSE of natural log-transformed (ln) BPH light trap catches = 1.686, 1.737, and 2.015, respectively). This finding indicates that the utilization of ground meteorological observations, satellite-derived NDVI time series, and ANN have the potential to predict BPH population density in support of integrated pest management programs. We expect the results from this study can be applied in conjunction with the satellite-based rice monitoring system developed by the Geo-Informatic and Space Technology Development Agency of Thailand (GISTDA) to support an effective pest early warning system.
Theoretical Calculations of the Multistep Reaction Mechanism Involved in Asparagine Pyrolysis Supported by Degree of Rate Control and Thermodynamic Control Analyses
Authors: Cervantes Cristian , Mora Jose R. , Marquez Edgar , Torres Javier , Rincón Luis , Mendez Miguel A. , Alcázar Jackson J.
Published: November 2019

A computational study on the mechanisms of reaction for the pyrolysis of asparagine is presented. A density functional theory (DFT) study at the ω B97XD/6-311G(d,p) level was performed to analyze the differences in two reaction mechanisms: (i) the formation of five-membered cyclic products: maleimide and succinimide, and (ii) the more classical, six-membered cyclic products (diketopiperazine species) which are common in the pyrolysis of many other amino acids. The effect of temperature was included in the calculations at 300 °C or 625 °C, as required. Moreover, a detailed study based on the degree of rate control and thermodynamic control of the proposed mechanism for the formation of maleimide and succinimide is also presented. Results show that, for asparagine, the five-membered ring formation is the preferred process instead of the six-membered cycle (32 kJ/mol of Gibbs free energy difference between them at the first cyclization step); therefore, the polymerization is favored. On the other hand, the rupture of the polymer represents the highest energetic barrier (ΔG‡ = 281 kJ/mol) and the most influential process in the overall rate of the reaction. These results are in good agreement with the experimental evidence.
Multi Equipment Condition Based Maintenance Optimization Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Goti Aitor , Oyarbide-Zubillaga Aitor , Sanchez Ana , Akyazi Tugce , Alberdi Elisabete
Published: November 2019

Thanks to the digitalization of industry, maintenance is a trending topic. The amount of data available for analyses and optimizations in this field has increased considerably. In addition, there are more and more complex systems to maintain, and to keep all these devices in proper conditions, which requires maintenance management to gain efficiency and effectiveness. Within maintenance, Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) programs can provide significant advantages, but often these programs are complex to manage and understand. The problem becomes more complex when equipment is analyzed in the context of a plant, where equipment can be more or less saturated, critical regarding quality, etc. Thus, this paper focuses on CBM optimization of a full industrial chain, with the objective of determining its optimal values of preventive intervention limits for equipment under economic criteria. It develops a mathematical plus discrete-event-simulation based model that takes the evolution in quality and production speed into consideration as well as condition based, corrective and preventive maintenance. The optimization process is performed using a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm. Both the model and the optimization approach are applied to an industrial case, where the data gathered by the IoT (Internet of Things) devices at edge level can detect when some premises of the CBM model are no longer valid and request a new simulation. The simulation performed in a centralized way can thus obtain new optimal values who fit better to the actual system than the existing ones. Finally, these new optimal values can be transferred to the model whenever it is necessary. The approach developed has raised the interest of a partner of the Deusto Digital Industry Chair.
Estimation of Fatigue Crack AE Emissivity Based on the Palmer–Heald Model
Authors: Barat Vera , Marchenkov Artem , Elizarov Sergey
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to materials testing by the acoustic emission (AE) method, which is the analysis of models and diagnostic parameters to assess the probability of detection of a defect in steel structures. The paper proposes to evaluate the emissivity of the material quantitatively by the number and dynamics of the accumulation of acoustic emission impulses. Experimental studies were carried out on pearlitic structural steels, including the loading of samples with fatigue cracks. It was established that the number of AE impulses emitted during loading of an object with a fatigue crack is a random variable corresponding to the normal distribution law. The results show that an estimate of the number of AE impulses emitted during the loading of samples with fatigue cracks can be obtained by distributing the multiplicative parameter D of the Palmer-Heald model by taking into account the maximum value of the applied load.
OCR4all—An Open-Source Tool Providing a (Semi-)Automatic OCR Workflow for Historical Printings
Authors: Reul Christian , Christ Dennis , Hartelt Alexander , Balbach Nico , Wehner Maximilian , Springmann Uwe , Wick Christoph , Grundig Christine , Büttner Andreas , Puppe Frank
Published: November 2019

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on historical printings is a challenging task mainly due to the complexity of the layout and the highly variant typography. Nevertheless, in the last few years, great progress has been made in the area of historical OCR, resulting in several powerful open-source tools for preprocessing, layout analysis and segmentation, character recognition, and post-processing. The drawback of these tools often is their limited applicability by non-technical users like humanist scholars and in particular the combined use of several tools in a workflow. In this paper, we present an open-source OCR software called OCR4all, which combines state-of-the-art OCR components and continuous model training into a comprehensive workflow. While a variety of materials can already be processed fully automatically, books with more complex layouts require manual intervention by the users. This is mostly due to the fact that the required ground truth for training stronger mixed models (for segmentation, as well as text recognition) is not available, yet, neither in the desired quantity nor quality. To deal with this issue in the short run, OCR4all offers a comfortable GUI that allows error corrections not only in the final output, but already in early stages to minimize error propagations. In the long run, this constant manual correction produces large quantities of valuable, high quality training material, which can be used to improve fully automatic approaches. Further on, extensive configuration capabilities are provided to set the degree of automation of the workflow and to make adaptations to the carefully selected default parameters for specific printings, if necessary. During experiments, the fully automated application on 19th Century novels showed that OCR4all can considerably outperform the commercial state-of-the-art tool ABBYY Finereader on moderate layouts if suitably pretrained mixed OCR models are available. Furthermore, on very complex early printed books, even users with minimal or no experience were able to capture the text with manageable effort and great quality, achieving excellent Character Error Rates (CERs) below 0.5%. The architecture of OCR4all allows the easy integration (or substitution) of newly developed tools for its main components by standardized interfaces like PageXML, thus aiming at continual higher automation for historical printings.
A Tweak-Cube Color Image Encryption Scheme Jointly Manipulated by Chaos and Hyper-Chaos
Authors: Huang Li-Lian , Wang Shi-Ming , Xiang Jian-Hong
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a novel tweak-cube color image encryption scheme jointly manipulated by chaos and hyper-chaos. One-dimensional (1D) chaotic maps are effortless to operate, but the key space is relatively small. The hyperchaotic system has complex dynamics properties, which are capable of compensating for the defects of 1D chaotic maps. Thus, we first raise an improved 1D chaotic map with an increased key space. Then, we associate it with a four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system to generate the key streams and further rotate and shift the rows and columns of each component of Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B) for the color image. The permuting mode is to disturb the original position of the pixels by mimicking the way of twisting the Rubik’s cube. Moreover, the key stream updated by the plain images is also utilized for diffusion and scramble at the bit level. As a consequence, our cryptosystem enhances the security without at the expense of increasing time cost.
Eco-Structured Biosorptive Removal of Basic Fuchsin Using Pistachio Nutshells: A Definitive Screening Design—Based Approach
Authors: El-Azazy Marwa , El-Shafie Ahmed S. , Ashraf Aya , Issa Ahmed A.
Published: November 2019

Biosorptive removal of basic fuchsin (BF) from wastewater samples was achieved using the recycled agro-wastes of pistachio nut shells (PNS). Seven adsorbents were developed; raw shells (RPNS) and the thermally activated biomasses at six different temperatures (250–500 °C). Two measures were implemented to assess the performance of utilized adsorbents; %removal (%R) and adsorption capacity (qe). RPNS proved to be the best among the tested adsorbents. A smart approach, definitive-screening design (DSD) was operated to test the impact of independent variables on the adsorption capacity of RPNS. pH, adsorbent dose (AD), dye concentration (DC), and stirring time (ST), were the tested variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), control, and quality charts helped establishing regression model. Characterization was performed using Fourier- transform infrared (FT-IR)/Raman spectroscopies together with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The surface area and other textural properties were determined using the Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Removal of 99.71% of BF with an adsorption capacity of 118.2 mg/g could be achieved using a factorial blend of pH 12, 100 mg/50 mL of RPNS, and 250 ppm BF for 20 min. Equilibrium studies reveal that the adsorption is physisorption with adsorption energy of 7.45 kJ/mol as indicated by Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) and Langmuir isotherms. Moreover, adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics with respect to BF and is controlled by the adsorption rate.
Improved Dust Emission Reduction Factor in the ADAM2 Model Using Real-Time MODIS NDVI
Authors: Lee Sang-Sam , Lim Yun-Kyu , Cho Jeong Hoon , Lee Hee Choon , Ryoo Sang-Boom
Published: November 2019

The Korea Meteorological Administration has employed the Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2) to forecast Asian dust events since 2010, where the dust emission flux is proportional to the fourth power of the friction velocity. Currently, the dust emission reduction factor (RF) is determined by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). This study aims to improve the forecasting capability of ADAM2 by developing a daily dust RF using both monthly (January 2007 to December 2016) and real-time moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI data. We also developed a look-up table to transform the RF using NDVI and a system to update the RF by producing MODIS NDVI data for the last 30 days. Using these data, new RFs can be produced every day. To examine the impact of RF modification, the current (CTL) and new (EXP) RFs are compared during the period from March to May 2017. The simulations are verified by ground-based PM10 observations from China and Korea. Accordingly, root mean square errors (RMSEs) are reduced by 11.58% when RF is updated using real-time NDVI data. The results suggest that recent daily NDVI data contribute positively to the forecasting ability of ADAM2, in the dust source and downwind regions.
Viral Infections and Interferons in the Development of Obesity
Authors: Tian Yun , Jennings Jordan , Gong Yuanying , Sang Yongming
Published: November 2019

Obesity is now a prevalent disease worldwide and has a multi-factorial etiology. Several viruses or virus-like agents including members of adenoviridae, herpesviridae, slow virus (prion), and hepatitides, have been associated with obesity; meanwhile obese patients are shown to be more susceptible to viral infections such as during influenza and dengue epidemics. We examined the co-factorial role of viral infections, particularly of the persistent cases, in synergy with high-fat diet in induction of obesity. Antiviral interferons (IFNs), as key immune regulators against viral infections and in autoimmunity, emerge to be a pivotal player in the regulation of adipogenesis. In this review, we examine the recent evidence indicating that gut microbiota uphold intrinsic IFN signaling, which is extensively involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the prolonged IFN responses during persistent viral infections and obesogenesis comprise reciprocal causality between virus susceptibility and obesity. Furthermore, some IFN subtypes have shown therapeutic potency in their anti-inflammation and anti-obesity activity.
Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Fruits of Vitex rotundifolia and Their Isolated Compounds via Inhibition of Human LDL and HDL Oxidation
Authors: Kim Jae-Yong , Shim Sang Hee
Published: November 2019

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidation are well known to increase the risk for atherosclerosis. In our ongoing research on natural products with inhibitory activities against oxidation of lipoproteins, fruits of Vitex rotundifolia were found to be highly active. There is no report on the effects on LDL and HDL oxidation. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effects of V. rotundifolia fruit extract and its six compounds, which are: (1) artemetin, (2) casticin, (3) hesperidin, (4) luteolin, (5) vitexin, and (6) vanillic acid, against LDL and HDL oxidation. The LDL and HDL oxidations were determined by measuring production of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, amount of hyperchromicity and carbonyl content, change in electrical charge, and apoA-I aggregation. In addition, the contents of the compounds in the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-DAD. Consequently, extracts of Vitex rotundifolia fruits and compounds 2 and 4 suppressed oxidation of LDL and HDL, showing inhibition of lipid peroxidation, decrease of negative charges in lipoproteins, reduction of hyperchromicity, decrease in carbonyl contents, and prevention of apoA-I aggregation. In particular, compounds 2 and 4 exhibited more potent inhibitory effect on oxidation of LDL and HDL than the extracts, suggesting their protective role against atherosclerosis via inhibition of LDL and HDL oxidation. The contents of artemetin, casticin, and vanillic acid in the extracts were 1.838 ± 0.007, 8.629 ± 0.078, and 1.717 ± 0.006 mg/g, respectively.