bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation Of National Holidays In Lithuania: The Aspect Of Seasonality
Authors:   Lithuanian Institute of History, Šaknys Žilvytis
Published: January 2025

This research covers six national holidays introduced in Lithuania between 1919 and 1991. These holidays are more or less related with the country’s history and their dates cover the four seasons of the year. Based on fieldwork data as well as legal acts, memoirs of contemporaries, online sources and press publications, this article aims to analyse the links between national holidays and seasonality between 1918 and 1940, and between1990 and 2019. The author concludes, that the seasonality of a festival – natural-climatic conditions, relations with agricultural work or the dominant vacation season, religious, ideological or other restrictions on the celebration has limited possibilities to shape the festival by adjusting festive events. However, overt attempts to frame a holiday as ‘celebrated during a particular season’ or to replace one festive day with another were bound to fail. The vitality of a national holiday, is subject to its content, apprehensible to both the government structures and common citizens who observe the holiday. Throughout the period under consideration the Day of the Restoration of the State, celebrated on the 16th of February, best coincided with the aforementioned conditions. Although extremely unfavourable to public celebration, the birthday of the modern state of Lithuania is the only festival that retained the status of public holiday and non-working day both from 1919 to1940 and after 1990, and surpasses in popularity other national holidays.
Indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal sustentável: o estudo de caso do município de Rio Negrinho
Authors: Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade , Silveira Schirley Franciane Pereira , Gonçalves Gabriélli do Livramento , Cardoso Roberta Elpídio , Pacheco Diego , Nunes Nei Antonio
Published: January 2025

As ferramentas para o desenvolvimento econômico local permitem a melhoria na qualidade de vida, desenvolvimento social, sustentável e econômico. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o Programa de Desenvolvimento Econômico Local (DEL) no contexto dos indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável municipais na cidade de Rio Negrinho. Para isso, foi realizada a revisão teórica sobre o tema. Na coleta de dados, foram entrevistadas 15 pessoas ativas no desenvolvimento econômico do município pesquisado. Diante dos dados coletados foi possível compreender a visão dos atores envolvidos em seus matizes e os procedimentos internos na implementação do DEL. Observou-se que o desenvolvimento econômico local está interligado com as questões sociais e sustentáveis do município, transformando e proporcionando qualidade de vida para os munícipes, criando indicadores para a tomada de decisão, projetos, conscientização social, desenvolvimento tecnológico e sustentável.
Temporal Changes in Bacterial Profile of Burn Wound Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital and Risk Factors for Invasion: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gandhi Aarti A , Prasad Priyanka S , Nataraj Gita , Puri Vinita
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Burn wound infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients admitted to burn units. Burn wounds serve as a susceptible site for opportunistic colonisation by endogenous and exogenous organisms due to local and systemic immunosuppression. The bacterial infection profile changes over time in hospitalised patients which increases the risk of systemic invasion.

Aim: To determine the temporal changes in the bacterial profile of burn wound infections and identify the risk factors associated with invasive infections.

Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with burn injuries was conducted over 15 months in the burns unit of a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Since, it was a time bound prospective cohort study, samples from all patients admitted with burn wounds between June, 2018 and September, 2019 were considered as study participants (n=131). Wound swabs were obtained from patients upon admission and subsequently at regular intervals. Bacterial isolates were identified and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined. Data were analysed to identify temporal changes in the bacterial profile to determine the risk factors associated with invasive infections.

Results: A total, of 131 patients with burn injuries were included. A total of 503 swabs were collected, of which 373 (74.2%) showed bacterial growth; five (1.34%) were contaminants and were excluded from analysis. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant isolates in the first week, whereas gram-positive organisms predominated from the second week onwards. The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n= 100, 27.17%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n=84, 22.83%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n=74, 20.11%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=65, 17.66%). A total of 74 blood culture specimens were collected from 47 patients suspected of having invasive infections based on clinical signs and symptoms of systemic infection clinically. Of these, 37 patients (78.7%) were culture positive. Mortality was noted in 28 patients (28/31, 90.32%) in the group with invasive infections. Upon calculating the Odds Ratio (OR), risk factors found to be associated with invasive infections included a higher degree and depth of burns and a longer hospital stay.

Conclusion: The shift from gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria and the increasing resistance over time highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and appropriate antimicrobial stewardship measures in the management of burn wound infections.
Effect of Nebulisation with Dexmedetomidine versus Magnesium Sulphate on Haemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation and Incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Gill Fateh Pal Singh , Suryawanshi Chhaya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are essential procedures in general anaesthesia but can induce sympathetic hyperactivity, leading to transient increase in blood pressure and Heart Rate (HR). This can be particularly risky for patients with co-morbidities. Various agents, including dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate, have been studied for their potential to mitigate these responses.

Aim: To compare the effects of preoperative nebulisation with dexmedetomidine versus magnesium sulphate on haemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation and to determine the incidence of Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) in both groups.

Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical, double-blind trial was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India over the period of two years. It involved 80 patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia, divided into two equal groups. Group A received nebulisation with dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) and Group B received magnesium sulphate (240 mg) diluted in 0.9% normal saline to make a 3 mL solution. Institutional ethical approval and Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) registration were obtained. Haemodynamic parameters including HR, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and POST were monitored. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Data were analysed using unpaired t-tests for quantitative data and Pearson’s Chi-square test for qualitative data, with significance set at p-value<0.05.

Results: Before nebulisation, group A had significantly higher HR and SBP than group B (p-value=0.003 and 0.009, respectively). Postnebulisation, there were no significant differences in HR or SBP between groups. However, group A had lower DBP and MAP during and after intubation and skin incision (p-value <0.001, 0.001, and <0.001 respectively for DBP and 0.030, 0.031 and 0.002 for MAP). Group A had a lower, though not statistically significant (p-value=0.36) incidence of POST compared to group B.

Conclusion: Nebulisation with dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate both provided effective management of haemodynamic responses during intubation. Both agents decreased the incidence of POST.
Trace Metal Contamination of Cocoa Soils Resulting from Illegal Gold Panning in Central West Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Guety Thierry Philippe , Akoto Faustin O. , Bolou-Bi Emile B. , Koné Brahima
Published: January 2025

Côte d'Ivoire, the world's leading cocoa producer, is facing the challenge of illegal gold washing, which is likely to jeopardise its goal of a sustainable cocoa farming system. This is due to the degradation of soil resources through trace metal contamination (TM). The aim of this study is to determine the levels of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) contamination in cocoa growing soils in Bonikro. 70 soil samples were collected using the toposequential method, processed and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The results show that TM levels vary significantly depending on the topographical position and depth of the soil. However, these levels are below tolerable limits, excluding As (9.36 mgkg-1). There are significant correlations between pH and TM, which vary with depth and topographic position. A strong positive correlation was observed at depth between pH and Pb (r = 0.82) and Cd (r = 0.71), whereas at the surface the correlations were negative for the same elements. This indicates that pH plays a crucial role in the evolution of TM concentrations. In conclusion, this study highlights the fact that cocoa-growing soils have TM levels below tolerable thresholds, but with significant variation as a function of depth and topographic position. Soil pH appears to be a determining factor in the mobility of TMs, which has important implications for the sustainable management of soils and the environment. Further research is needed to refine these observations and improve natural resource management.
Current Status and Symptomatology of Neem Dieback in Raichur and Yadgir Districts of Karnataka, India
Authors: B. S. Harshitha, , S. B. Gowdar, , Y. S. Amaresh, , P. Palaiah, , Hurali Sujay , D. S. Aswathanarayana, , A. Praburaj,
Published: January 2025

Neem is an evergreen tree, native to Indian subcontinent and it is renowned for its medicinal properties and versatile uses in agriculture. Among various diseases that attack neem, dieback is one of the most devastating disease that has been spreading in an alarming rate. A roving survey was conducted in all taluks of Yadgir and Raichur districts of Karnataka, India to know the status of neem dieback and to understand the progressive symptomatology of the disease by considering an average of 20 trees from each place in a taluk. The results revealed that, Yadgir district showed maximum disease incidence (70.00%) whereas, maximum disease severity was observed in Raichur district (43.28%). And among the surveyed taluks Lingasugur taluk recorded maximum disease incidence (100.00%) and severity (88.91%), in contrast, Maski and Gurmatkal recorded minimum disease incidence (40.00%) and severity (13.10%), respectively. The symptoms of dieback observed during the survey were yellowing and drying of leaves, twig blight, fruit rot and death of the infected trees. However, every surveyed taluk showed neem dieback disease irrespective of the age or size of the neem trees.
Genetic defects are common in myopathies with tubular aggregates
Authors: Gang Qiang , Bettencourt Conceição , Brady Stefen , Holton Janice L. , Healy Estelle G. , McConville John , Morrison Patrick J. , Ripolone Michela , Violano Raffaella , Sciacco Monica , Moggio Maurizio , Mora Marina , Mantegazza Renato , Zanotti Simona , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun , Liu Wei‐wei , Beeson David , Hanna Michael , Houlden Henry
Published: December 2021

Objective

A group of genes have been reported to be associated with myopathies with tubular aggregates (TAs). Many cases with TAs still lack of genetic clarification. This study aims to explore the genetic background of cases with TAs in order to improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these rare pathological structures.

Methods

Thirty‐three patients including two family members with biopsy confirmed TAs were collected. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed on 31 unrelated index patients and a candidate gene search strategy was conducted. The identified variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The wild‐type and the mutant p.Ala11Thr of ALG14 were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293), and western blot analysis was performed to quantify protein expression levels.

Results

Eleven index cases (33%) were found to have pathogenic variant or likely pathogenic variants in STIM1, ORAI1, PGAM2, SCN4A, CASQ1 and ALG14. Among them, the c.764A>T (p.Glu255Val) in STIM1 and the c.1333G>C (p.Val445Leu) in SCN4A were novel. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of ALG14 protein was severely reduced in the mutant ALG14 HEK293 cells (p.Ala11Thr) compared with wild type. The ALG14 variants might be associated with TAs in patients with complex multisystem disorders.

Interpretation

This study expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrums of myopathies with TAs. Our findings further confirm previous hypothesis that genes related with calcium signalling pathway and N‐linked glycosylation pathway are the main genetic causes of myopathies with TAs.
Surface Functionalization, Bioanalysis, and Applications: Progress of New Magnetoelastic Biosensors
Authors: Li Donghao , Yuan Zhongyun , Huang Xinru , Li Hongmei , Guo Xing , Zhang Hulin , Sang Shengbo
Published: December 2021

Magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors are portable, nontoxic, inexpensive, compatible with wireless networks, and have high sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity toward the target element. Thus, they have attracted considerable attention in application of biological identification, chemical detection, and medical diagnosis, as well as in many academic achievements in the field of sensor research. Herein, the recent progress of ME biosensors, including surface functionalization, bioanalysis, and its applications is critically reviewed. The remaining scientific and technological challenges related to the development of novel ME biosensors with new materials and structures in this field are elaborated, too. This review not only can provide a guideline for researchers in future development of ME biosensors, but also further improves their detection performance and expand the scope of their applications.
Interfacial Assembly of Graphene Oxide: From Super Elastic Interfaces to Liquid‐in‐Liquid Printing
Authors: Kamkar Milad , Erfanian Elnaz , Bazazi Parisa , Ghaffarkhah Ahmadreza , Sharif Farbod , Xie Ganhua , Kannan Aadithya , Arjmand Mohammad , Hejazi S. Hossein , Russell Thomas P. , Fuller Gerald G. , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: December 2021

Tailoring the oil/water (O/W) interface is a prerequisite for structuring these two immiscible liquids into prescribed architectures, i.e., liquid‐in‐liquid printing, which is an emerging area in material science. Here, assemblies of graphene oxide (GO) at O/W and air/W interfaces are characterized using a wide range of interfacial rheological techniques. It is shown that the GO nanosheets assemble at the interface, even at extremely low concentrations as low as 0.04 vol%, significantly increasing the elasticity at O/W or air/W interfaces. This is attributed to the combined hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of GO. Interfacial elastic modulus of ≈1800 mN m−1 is achieved, making GO assemblies exceptional candidates for applications where stabilization of the O/W interface is indispensable. Herein, the super elastic character of the O/W interface with GO assemblies is capitalized for all‐liquid 2D printing in a low viscous oil, underscoring the utility of these all‐liquid systems for electronics, fluidic devices, and controlled release systems.
Hydrogenative Cycloisomerization and Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Cationic Ruthenium Carbenes Formed by Catalytic Alkyne gem‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Biberger Tobias , Hess Stephan N. , Leutzsch Markus , Fürstner Alois
Published: December 2021

gem‐Hydrogenation of propargyl alcohol derivatives with [CpXRu(MeCN)3]PF6 (CpX=substituted cyclopentadienyl) as catalysts affords cationic pianostool ruthenium carbene complexes which are so electrophilic that they attack a tethered olefin to furnish cyclopentene products; cyclopropanation or metathesis do not compete with this novel transformation. If the transient carbenes carry appropriate propargylic substituents, however, they engage in ([2,3]‐sigmatropic) rearrangements to give enol esters (carbonates, carbamates, sulfonates) or alkenyl halides. Both pathways are unprecedented in the vast hydrogenation literature. The proposed mechanistic scenarios are in line with labeling experiments and spectroscopic data; most notably, PHIP NMR spectroscopy (PHIP=parahydrogen induced polarization) provides compelling evidence that the reactions are indeed triggered by highly unorthodox gem‐hydrogenation events.
Formation of Super‐Assembled TiOx/Zn/N‐Doped Carbon Inverse Opal Towards Dendrite‐Free Zn Anodes
Authors: Sun Peng Xiao , Cao Zhenjiang , Zeng Yin Xiang , Xie Wen Wen , Li Nian Wu , Luan Deyan , Yang Shubin , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: December 2021

Uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites and side reactions are the major restrictions for the commercialization of Zn metal anodes. Herein, we develop a TiOx/Zn/N‐doped carbon inverse opal (denoted as TZNC IO) host to regulate the Zn deposition. Amorphous TiOx and Zn/N‐doped carbon can serve as the zincophilic nucleation sites to prevent the parasitic reactions. More importantly, the highly ordered IO host homogenizes the local current density and electric field to stabilize Zn deposition. Furthermore, the three‐dimensional open networks could regulate Zn ion flux to enable stable cycling performance at large current densities. Owing to the abundant zincophilic sites and the open structure, granular Zn deposits could be realized. As expected, the TZNC IO host guarantees the steady Zn plating/stripping with a long‐term stability over 450 h at the current density of 1 mA cm−2. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a TZNC@Zn||V2O5 full cell shows long lifespan over 2000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1.
Global versus local: A regional core embryology syllabus for medical students
Authors: da Costa Carolina Frandsen Pereira , da Veiga Fernanda Cristina , Rebellato Ana Clara Gonçalves , Pereira Luis Antonio Violin Dias
Published: December 2021

“Core syllabus” in this work refers to knowledge topics that an instructor should necessarily and indispensably address during a discipline. This study describes the process of developing a regional human embryology core syllabus for undergraduate medical courses in Brazil, using a two‐round modified Delphi method as a tool for reaching consensus. A list of 679 human embryology topics was generated based on three textbooks. The Delphi panel consisted of specialists (n = 51) with at least 2 years' medical experience in activities related to the contents of embryology or health sciences professionals with at least 5 years' experience in undergraduate medical education of embryology and other cognate disciplines. The panel rated the relevance of each topic on a Likert scale. Following consensus analysis, a list of 69 “core” topics was obtained. Then, in a second Delphi round, the panel was asked to “accept,” “accept with modifications,” or “reject” the new list. The research team performed a final revision/screening process and generated a core human embryology syllabus comprised of 63 topics. Comparing this regional syllabus with two international core syllabuses also built Delphi panels, 60.3% of the topics overlap with both syllabuses, and 39.7% of its content is unique. This study can be a valuable tool for decision‐making in the embryology curriculum for health courses and reinforces the importance of local evaluation of international curricula of human embryology before implementing them, since the incidences of congenital anomalies vary in different regions of the world.
Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Pinto Joana F. , Schmitt Willian
Published: December 2021

Septic arthritis is an unusual manifestation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The sternoclavicular joint is rarely affected, although it should be considered in immunosuppressed patients and users of intravenous drugs. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen detected and should be covered by empiric antibiotic therapy.
Characterization of Cyclic N‐Acyliminium Ions by Infrared Ion Spectroscopy
Authors: Merx Jona , Houthuijs Kas J. , Elferink Hidde , Witlox Eva , Mecinović Jasmin , Oomens Jos , Martens Jonathan , Boltje Thomas J. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: December 2021

N‐Acyliminium ions are highly reactive intermediates that are important for creating CC‐bonds adjacent to nitrogen atoms. Here we report the characterization of cyclic N‐acyliminium ions in the gas phase, generated by collision induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry followed by infrared ion spectroscopy using the FELIX infrared free electron laser. Comparison of DFT calculated spectra with the experimentally observed IR spectra provided valuable insights in the conformations of the N‐acyliminium ions.
K‐L estimator for the linear mixed models: Computation and simulation
Authors: Lukman Adewale F. , Amin Muhammad , Kibria B. M. Golam
Published: December 2021

This study introduces a new biased estimator called the K‐L estimator for the linear mixed model to overcome the effect of multicollinearity. We derived the mean squared error property of the proposed estimator and made a theoretical comparison with other methods. For the assessment of the K‐L estimator, we use the mean squared error criterion as a performance evaluation criterion. Moreover, we defined some shrinkage parameters for the proposed estimator. For numerical evaluation, we use a Monte Carlo simulation study and a real example. The result shows the supremacy of the K‐L estimator as compared to the available methods under certain conditions.
Streamlined Iterative Assembly of Thio‐Oligosaccharides by Aqueous S‐Glycosylation of Diverse Deoxythio Sugars
Authors: Wen Peng , Jia Peijing , Fan Qiuhua , McCarty Bethany J. , Tang Weiping
Published: December 2021

A streamlined iterative assembly of thio‐oligosaccharides was developed by aqueous glycosylation. Facile syntheses of various deoxythio sugars with the sulfur on different positions from commercially available starting materials were described. These syntheses featured efficient chemical methods including our recently reported BTM‐catalyzed site‐selective acylation. The resulting deoxythio sugars could then be used for the Ca(OH)2‐promoted protecting group‐free S‐glycosylation in water at room temperature. The aqueous glycosylation reaction proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding 1,2‐trans S‐glycosides in good yields with high chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. An appropriate choice of protecting groups for the thiol in the glycosyl donor was necessary for the development of iterative synthesis of thio‐oligosaccharides. The aqueous glycosylation was then applied to the synthesis of a trimannoside moiety of N‐linked glycans core region.
The legal restructuring framework in Poland: Does it help indebted enterprises avoid bankruptcy?
Authors: Zaremba Ulyana
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to present the latest research regarding the usefulness of restructuring proceedings in Poland, which enterprises threatened with insolvency or already insolvent may use to avoid bankruptcy. Changes in the legal system in Poland in 2015 were ground‐breaking, as not only the bankruptcy law was amended, but also the legal system was enriched with a new Restructuring Law (in force from 2016). The contribution of this article is threefold. First, the specifics of the four types of restructuring proceedings and the main actions to be carried out during the proceedings are discussed. Second, an analysis of the phenomenon of enterprise restructuring in Poland has been conducted on the basis of statistical data published by the Ministry of Justice. Third, the effects of 533 restructuring proceedings opened against capital companies in the period 2016–2018 have been assessed. The results achieved have allowed for the formulation of initial conclusions on the usefulness of the legal debt restructuring framework in Poland for business entities experiencing temporary financial difficulties.
Shared Genetic Architecture Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Varying Osteoporotic Phenotypes
Authors: Kasher Melody , Freidin Maxim B , Williams Frances MK , Cherny Stacey S , Malkin Ida , Livshits Gregory
Published: December 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and low bone mineral density (BMD), an indicator of osteoporosis (OP), appear epidemiologically associated. Shared genetic factors may explain this association. This study aimed to investigate the presence of pleiotropy to clarify the potential genetic association between RA and OP. We examined BMDs at varying skeletal sites reported in UK Biobank as well as OP fracture acquired from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium and the TwinsUK study. PRSice-2 was used to assess the potential shared genetic overlap between RA and OP. The presence of pleiotropy was examined using colocalization analysis. PRSice-2 revealed that RA was significantly associated with OP fracture (β = 351.6 ± 83.9, p value = 2.76E-05), total BMD (β = −1763.5 ± 612.8, p = 4.00E-03), spine BMD (β = −919.8 ± 264.6, p value = 5.09E-04), and forearm BMD (β = −66.09 ± 31.40, p value = 3.53E-02). Through colocalization analysis, the same causal genetic variants, associated with both RA and OP, were apparent in 12 genes: PLCL1, BOLL, AC011997.1, TNFAIP3, RP11-158I9.1, CDK6, CHCHD4P2, RP11-505C13.1, PHF19, TRAF1, C5, and C11orf49 with moderate posterior probabilities (>50%). Pleiotropy is involved in the association between RA and OP phenotypes. These findings contribute to the understanding of disease mechanisms and provide insight into possible therapeutic advancements and enhanced screening measures. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Association between the rs3802201 polymorphism of the lncRNA MIR2052HG gene and the risk of recurrent miscarriage in a Southern Chinese population
Authors: Mai Hanran , Cai Canhong , Lin Kun , Zhang Linyuan , Wang Yishuai , He Menghua , Qu Yanxia , Xu Yufen , Fu Lanyan , Pi Lei , Zhou Huazhong , Zeng Dingke , Che Di , Zuo Liandong
Published: December 2021

Background

Plenty of studies have indicated that some genetic polymorphisms of the breast cancer which associated with its susceptibility may also be related to the susceptibility of abortion. MIR2052HG plays an important role in the onset and progression of breast cancer by maintaining the level of ERα, but to the best of our knowledge, the correlation between risk of recurrent abortion and MIR2052HG rs3802201 C>G polymorphism is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted this case‐control study to investigate whether MIR2052HG rs3802201 C>G polymorphism is associated with susceptibility of recurrent miscarriage (RM).

Methods

We recruited 392 healthy controls and 248 patients with RM to process this research, the participants were all from southern China, and genotyping was performed by TaqMan method.

Results

Our results showed that there was no evidence indicates the MIR2052HG rs3802201 C>G is related to RM (CG and CC: adjusted OR = 0.970, 95% CI = 0.694–1.355, p = 0.8577; GG and CC: adjusted OR = 0.743, 95% CI = 0.416–1.330, p = 0.3174; dominant model: adjusted OR = 0.925, 95% CI = 0.672–1.272, p = 0.6298; recessive model: adjusted OR = 0.751, 95% CI = 0.430–1.321, p = 0.3233).

Conclusion

We verified that the MIR2052HG rs3802201 C>G allele might be uncorrelated to the RM risk, but these findings require further validation in multicenter studies with larger sample size and different ethnicities.
Periprocedural Myocardial Injury in High‐Risk Patients With NSTEMI Pretreated With Ticagrelor for Less or More Than 6 Hours Before PCI
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Pugliese Marco , Putini Rita Lucia , Natale Enrico , Piazza Vito , Biffani Elisabetta , Petrolati Sandro , Musumeci Francesco , Gabrielli Domenico
Published: December 2021

We assessed the impact on periprocedural myocardial injury of a ticagrelor loading dose given <6 or >6 hours before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients at high risk. All consecutive patients pretreated with ticagrelor and undergoing PCI for a high‐risk NSTEMI have been included in the present analysis. Propensity‐score matching was performed to compare the outcomes between patients pretreated with ticagrelor for >6 hours or ≤6 hours. The primary outcome was the rate of periprocedural myocardial injury after PCI. We also recorded clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleedings at 1 month. A total of 1216 patients with NSTEMI were deemed eligible for the study: 481 received a ticagrelor loading dose ≤6 hours (mean time, 4.3 ± 1.2 h) and 735 >6 hours (16.1 ± 8.4 hours) before PCI. Patients pretreated with ticagrelor for >6 hours presented more risk factors and comorbidities compared to others. In patients pretreated with ticagrelor for >6 hours, the rate of periprocedural myocardial injury was significantly lower compared to the other group, in the overall population (19.6% vs 37.8%; P < .0001) and in the matched cohort of 644 patients (18.9% vs 33.5%; P < .0001). The rate of major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleeding events did not differ between the two groups, in both unmatched and matched populations. The present study suggests that ticagrelor pretreatment reduces periprocedural myocardial injury in high‐risk patients with NSTEMI undergoing PCI with expected time intervals >6 hours.
The temporal phase structure of team interaction under asymmetric information distribution: The solution fixation trap
Authors: Sohrab Serena G. , Uitdewilligen Sjir , Waller Mary J.
Published: December 2021

Organizations facing dynamic environments typically use teams of individuals to collect and share information in order to make timely and accurate joint decisions. The mature body of prior research concerning team information processing indicates a consistent bias in team decision‐making under conditions that asymmetrically distribute information across team members; this body of research, however, focuses mainly on identifying significant relationships between static inputs and decision outcomes. As a result, little is known regarding the actual team processes that may influence decision outcomes. We introduce the notion of the temporal phase structure of team behaviors to the asymmetric information distribution research stream and identify relevant phase characteristic variables that show significant differences between lower‐ and higher‐performing teams in a team decision‐making simulation. We find evidence suggesting that higher‐performing teams are more able than other teams to prolong productive discussion of information without falling into a pattern of solution fixation. Finally, we identify specific behaviors that are likely to trigger beneficial and detrimental phase shifts. We close with a discussion of this evidence and suggestions for related future research.
Environmental change since the Last Glacial Maximum: palaeo‐evidence from the Nee Soon Freshwater Swamp Forest, Singapore
Authors: Nguyen Canh Tien Trinh , Moss Patrick , Wasson Robert J. , Stewart Philip , Ziegler Alan D.
Published: December 2021

Our examination of pollen, microcharcoal, and sediment material in Nee Soon Freshwater Swamp Forest in Singapore revealed the following regarding its more than 20 000‐year history: (1) the pollen record supports the presence of a savanna corridor in this part of South‐East Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM); (2) a high abundance of charcoal at depths greater than 1.5 m supports the existence of a dryer climate and/or more frequent fires until about 18 000 cal 
bp; (3) missing sedimentary material in the upper 30–40 cm, ranging in age from 64 to 7500 cal 
bp, was likely removed during recent construction work in the 1950s; (4) there is evidence of sea‐level influences on the site from the presence of mangroves from 9000 cal 
bp to present but it is difficult to determine whether this impacted the site because of the missing sediments; and (5) the low organic carbon content throughout the stratigraphy indicates that the swamp is not a peatland. The results indicate that the forest in this protected area of Singapore developed from a grassland‐dominated landscape after the LGM as the climate warmed and became wetter, and therefore, may not be as resilient to long‐term drought conditions as previously believed. Further, the stratigraphy contains evidence that the swamp and stream system have been highly dynamic, both naturally and in response to anthropogenic disturbance.
Electrical performance of ZrC ceramics
Authors: Schönfeld K. , Trache M. , Martin H.‐P.
Published: December 2021

In the present study it was possible to provide evidence that ZrC ceramics – regarding their electrical‐mechanical and thermal properties – are an attractive substitute for tungsten and molybdenum in the field of refractory materials and heating elements. For this purpose, the heating behavior of ZrC materials was investigated in a specific test stand under high vacuum conditions (10−6 mbar) at temperatures above 2000 °C. In addition, the applicability of ZrC as an electrical heating element was investigated in terms of geometric design and long‐term behavior. Examinations after the heating tests did not reveal any significant changes in the material.
Effect of heat treatment environment on the structural characteristics and microhardness of high velocity oxy‐fuel sprayed tungsten carbide‐cobalt coatings
Authors: Govande A.R. , Katiyar J.K. , Sunil B.R. , Dumpala R.
Published: December 2021

In the present study, tungsten carbide‐cobalt was coated on the austenitic stainless steel using high velocity oxy‐fuel spraying. The as‐deposited coatings were heat treated at 750 °C in air and argon gas environments. Structural characteristics of these coatings were studied using x‐ray diffraction and Raman spectrum analysis. Further, the microhardness of the polished coated samples was also evaluated. The hardness of the coatings was significantly improved after heat treatment in air and argon gas environment. However, the highest hardness was observed with the coatings treated in argon gas environment. The formation of oxide phases such as tungsten trioxide and cobalt tungstate was observed after heat treatment in the air environment, whereas under the argon environment, no oxide phases were observed.
Air pollution and outpatient visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: A time‐series analysis in Luoyang, China
Authors: Guo Hengliang , Wang Mengfei , Wei Haitao , Gong Xiyun , Yang Hong
Published: December 2021

Previous studies have shown that air pollutants have a significant impact on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCD), but these studies have focused more on provincial capitals or large cities. This study was the first time to explore the effects of air pollutants on CCD in Luoyang. In this study, the generalized additive model (GAM) was used to establish a single‐pollutant model, a multi‐pollutant model and stratified modes of age, sex and season to evaluate the effects of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 on outpatient visits for CCD within a week. The results of the single‐pollutant model showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 all had significant effects on the outpatient visits for CCD with a lag effect. The multi‐pollutant model showed that there might be complex interactions among pollutants. The results of the stratified model showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of different pollutants on different genders and ages, and the results of seasonal stratification showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and CO had a greater influence on the outpatient visits for CCD in spring and summer, while NO2 and O3 had a greater influence on the outpatient visits for CCD in winter and summer, respectively. The results showed that air pollutants significantly affected outpatient visits for CCD, among which NO2 had the greatest influence, and seasonal effects and the combined effects of various pollutants should be considered in strategies for the prevention of CCD.
Quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging in food: Addressing sensitivity issues using single quantum chemical shift imaging at high field
Authors: Clerjon Sylvie , El Sabbagh Nour , Pages Guilhem , Traore Amidou , Bonny Jean‐Marie
Published: December 2021

According to various health organizations, the global consumption of salt is higher than recommended and needs to be reduced. Ideally, this would be achieved without losing the taste of the salt itself. In order to accomplish this goal, both at the industrial and domestic levels, we need to understand the mechanisms that govern the final distribution of salt in food. The in‐silico solutions in use today greatly over‐simplify the real food structure. Measuring the quantity of sodium at the local level is key to understanding sodium distribution. Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a non‐destructive approach, is the ideal choice for salt mapping along transformational process. However, the low sensitivity of the sodium nucleus and its short relaxation times make this imaging difficult. In this paper, we show how sodium MRI can be used to highlight salt heterogeneities in food products, provided that the temporal decay is modeled, thus correcting for differences in relaxation speeds. We then propose an abacus which shows the relationship between the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the sodium MRI, the salt concentration, the B0 field, and the spatial and temporal resolutions. This abacus simplifies making the right choices when implementing sodium MRI.
Association of social support, spirituality with psychological factors in Iranian breast cancer survivors: An evidence from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hajian‐Tilaki Erfaneh , Hajian‐Tilaki Karimollah , Moslemi Dariush , Godazandeh Gholamali , Firouzbakht Mojgan
Published: December 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the protective role of social support and spirituality in the prevention of depression, anxiety and fatigue severity.

Design

In a cross‐sectional study, 305 women of breast cancer survivors were recruited in the study.

Methods

The participants answered a self‐reported the hospital anxiety and depression scale, fatigue severity scale (FSS), social support and spiritual health questionnaires. The data were analysed using a multiple linear regression model to estimate the adjusted regression coefficients.

Results

A greater proportion of patients had moderate depression (62.9%) and moderate anxiety (67.3%). The higher level of social support was significantly associated with a lesser degree of depression (β=−0.05, p = .001) and anxiety (β=−0.04, p = .001), but there had been no association with the severity of fatigue score, while the association of spiritual health with depression and anxiety was not independently significant. This study highlights the importance of perceived social support in the prevention of depression and anxiety.
Modeling of fiber‐bending stiffness in fiber‐reinforced composites with a dynamic mixed finite element method based on the principle of virtual power
Authors: Kalaimani Iniyan , Dietzsch Julian , Groß Michael
Published: December 2021

Investigating the bending stiffness of fibers in fiber‐reinforced composites for rotor‐dynamical systems which are subjected to dynamical loads are essential in the development of system design. The proposed numerical modeling approach of fiber‐reinforced composites uses a multi‐field mixed finite element formulation based on a dynamic variational approach to perform long‐term dynamic simulations with CPU‐time efficient and increased accurate numerical solutions. To model the bending stiffness of fibers accurately, we extend a Cauchy continuum with higher‐order gradients of the deformation mapping as an independent field in the functional formulation. This extended continuum also takes into account the higher‐order energy contributions including the fiber curvature along with popular proven approaches that efficiently avoid the numerical locking effect of the fibers. The effect of the proposed approach is demonstrated through transient dynamic analysis on a cantilever beam with a hyperelastic, transversely isotropic, polyconvex material behavior. The beam is subjected to bending load with a strong dependence of the overall stiffness on the fiber orientation. The material and conservation properties are analyzed.
Sandwich panels with functionally graded strut‐based lattice cores
Authors: Georges Hussam , Mittelstedt Christian , Becker Wilfried
Published: December 2021

Due to their high mechanical performance, sandwich panels are widely utilized in many applications. Among the most frequently used cores in sandwich panels are honeycomb structures. Since the invention of additive manufacturing, new core structures like strut‐based lattices which are not possible by conventional manufacturing processes are also being considered as cores for sandwich panels. Depending on the given boundary conditions and load cases, core struts must transfer different loads. Particularly struts near load introduction points and support points are exposed to high local stresses. In the present study, a graded core is used to reduce the effect of local stress concentration near load introduction points and support points. In the graded core higher loaded areas show a higher relative density. In contrast, low loaded areas represent lower relative density, resulting in a reduction of the core weight and a uniform stress distribution. Only the strut diameters are varied. It is demonstrated that systematic optimization allows a well‐tailored core gradation and some valuable weight reduction.
Building models for coupled thermo elastic problems in different software architectures using a new model exchange format
Authors: Sauerzapf Stefan , Naumann Andreas , Beitelschmidt Michael
Published: December 2021

To reduce the energy consumption of machine tools while preserving the productivity and quality, the deformation caused by thermal loads must be taken into account. Two approaches to reach this goal are the integration of model predictive error correction algorithms into the machine controller and a machine design that mitigates unwanted thermo‐elastic behaviour.

Both approaches demand a profound understanding of the machine behaviour under different thermal load scenarios by simulation. The computation of representative distortions requires accurate models of the machine components, relevant physical phenomena and appropriate numerical methods, ranging from adaptive finite element discretization to model order reduction methods. In most cases, these methods and models are developed independently by different scientific groups, whereas the total goal of an improved operation of the machine tool demands the joint knowledge of all teams within the same machine model.

This contribution, introduces an open source format for a seamless model exchange between the scientific groups. It bases on the standardized and machine readable JSON format. The JSON scheme comprises of all necessary model information. The main use cases, benefits and drawbacks are outlined. The file structure is briefly described. Design decisions and problems are discussed. After that, a work flow using the new format to calculate the thermal behaviour of a machine tool is shown. Different modelling approaches to calculate the thermal field are compared. Finally the next development steps and further use cases for the format will be outlined.
A holistic vibration analysis of an electric engine including mechanical and electrodynamic interactions
Authors: Koch Sebastian , Duvigneau Fabian , Woschke Elmar
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a method for vibration analysis of electric engines and associated structure is presented. For this purpose, a multi‐body simulation (MBS) is extended in such a way that electromagnetic loads can be considered using the finite element method (FEM). Subsequently, the determined loads lead to an excitation of the structural vibrations and a sound radiation of the engine, which is analyzed at selected operating points. A test rig will be used to validate the implemented method. Finally, different design variations of the engine are evaluated with respect to their acoustic behavior. The developed method is not limited to the presented application, but it can be applied to any system with electric drives.
A model order reduction technique for FFT‐based microstructure simulation using a geometrically adapted reduced set of frequencies
Authors: Gierden Christian , Waimann Johanna , Svendsen Bob , Reese Stefanie
Published: December 2021

The FFT‐based method introduced by Moulinec and Suquet [9] serves as an alternative for the classical finite element based simulation of periodic microstructures. This simulation approach makes use of fast Fourier transforms (FFT) as well as fixed‐point iterations to solve the microscopic boundary value problem which is captured by the Lippmann‐Schwinger equation. Kochmann et al. [5] introduced a model order reduction technique using a reduced set of frequencies to decrease the computational effort of solving the Lippmann‐Schwinger equation in Fourier space. This earlier proposed method is based on a fixed sampling pattern, which determines the reduced set of frequencies. Instead of the fixed sampling pattern, we propose to use a geometrically adapted choice of frequencies, which corresponds to the representation of phases within the considered microstructure.
Analytical and numerical approach on quenching friction‐induced oscillations in MDOF‐systems by the use of high‐frequency excitation
Authors: Keller Simon , Seemann Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Dry friction is well known to lead to undesired, self‐excited vibrations which negatively influence a process or cause discomfort. One attempt to quench these oscillations are superposed high‐frequency vibrations. A system consisting of two visco‐elastically coupled masses on a moving belt subject to high‐frequency excitation is analyzed. A multiple scales method is used to find an analytical approach of the system dynamics, which leads to the equation for the slow motion of the system, which is of interest. Linearizing about the quasi‐equilibrium and analyzing the eigenvalues, statements about the stability of the new equilibrium point can be given. These semi‐analytical results are compared to the numerical solution of the full system and the influence of certain parameters is outlined.
Minimality of Linear Switched Systems with known switching signal
Authors: Hossain Md Sumon , Trenn Stephan
Published: December 2021

Minimal realization is discussed for linear switched systems with a given switching signal. We propose a consecutive forward and backward approach for the time‐interval of interest. The forward approach refers to extending the reachable subspace at each switching time by taking into account the nonzero reachable space from the previous mode. Afterwards, the backward approach extends the observable subspace of the current mode by taking observability information from the next mode into account. This results in an overall reduced switched system which is minimal and has the same input‐output behavior as original system. Some examples are provided to illustrate the approach.