bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mersin ilinde yetiştirilen muz meyvelerinde hasat sonrasında görülen fungal hastalık etmenlerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Faruk Seyfeddin , Soylu Soner
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 2013-2014 yıllarında Mersin ilinin Bozyazı, Anamur, Erdemli gibi önemli muz üretiminin yapıldığı ilçelerindeki paketleme evlerinden alınan muz meyvelerinde hasat sonrası yaygın fungal hastalık etmenlerinin izolasyonu ve tanılaması amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mersin ilinin farklı ilçelerindeki depo ve paketleme evlerine 2013 ve 2014 muz yetiştirme sezonlarında yapılan surveylerde hastalıklı/şüpheli muz meyve örnekleri alınmıştır. Muz meyveleri üzerinde derim sonrası ortaya çıkan fungal hastalık etmenleri meyvelerden izole edilmiş ve morfolojik yapılarına göre tanılanmıştır. İzolasyonlar sonucu hastalık belirtisi gösteren 197 farklı hastalıklı meyveden toplam 238 fungal izolatı elde edilmiştir. Taç çürüklüğü hastalık belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden en fazla Fusarium spp (%21.8) izole edilmiş olup, bu türleri sırası ile Fusarium verticillioides (% 13.4), F. oxysporum (% 10.5), F. proliferatum (% 9.7) ve Thielaviopsis paradoxa (% 2.5) izlemiştir. Meyve uç çürüklüğü belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden Fusarium spp. (%7.6), Musicillium theobromae (%2.9) ve Deightoniella torulosa (%1.7) hastalık etmenleri izole edilmiştir. Meyvelerin merkez kısmında siyah iç çürüklük belirtilerine ise F. verticillioides’in (%4.2) neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alternaria alternata (%10.9), Penicillium spp. (%8.8), Aspergillus niger (%4.6) ve Cladosporium cladosporioides (%1.3) gibi türlere ait izolat ise farklı çürüme belirtileri gösteren muz meyve üzerinde sekonder (fırsatçı) hastalık etmenleri olarak belirlenmiştir.Genel Yorum: Ülkemizde muz meyvelerinde derim sonrasında önemli kayıplara neden olan fungal etmen(ler)e ilişkin daha önce herhangi bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile Mersin ili genelinde yetiştirilen muz meyvelerinde derim sonrasında ortaya çıkan, kalite ve ürün kayıplarına neden olan fungal hastalık etmenleri belirlenmiş olup, bu alandaki eksiklik kısmen de olsa giderilmiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, gelecekte muz meyvelerinde öncelikle çalışılması gereken derim sonrası hastalıklar ve mücadelesi üzerine yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutacak niteliktedir.
Comparison of the Effects of Various Antidiabetic Medication on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ha Jeonghoon , Lim Yejee , Kim Mee Kyoung , Kwon Hyuk-Sang , Song Ki-Ho , Ko Seung Hyun , Kang Moo Il , Moon Sung Dae , Baek Ki-Hyun
Published: August 2021

Background: Prospective comparative studies on the effects of various antidiabetic agents on bone metabolism are limited. This study aimed to assess changes in bone mass and biochemical bone markers in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This prospective, multicenter, open-label, comparative trial included 264 patients with T2DM. Patients who had received a metformin, or sulfonylurea/metformin combination (Group 1); a thiazolidinedione combination (Group 2); a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) combination (Group 3); or an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) combination (Group 4) were prospectively treated for 12 months; bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover marker (BTM) changes were evaluated.Results: The femoral neck BMD percentage changes were −0.79%±2.86% (Group 1), −2.50%±3.08% (Group 2), −1.05%±2.74% (Group 3), and −1.24%±2.91% (Group 4) (P<0.05). The total hip BMD percentage changes were −0.57%±1.79% (Group 1), −1.74%±1.48% (Group 2), −0.75%±1.87% (Group 3), and −1.27%±1.72% (Group 4) (P<0.05). Mean serum BTM (C-terminal type 1 collagen telopeptide and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide) levels measured during the study period did not change over time or differ between groups.Conclusion: Significant bone loss in the femoral neck and total hip was associated with thiazolidinedione combination regimens. However, bone loss was not significantly associated with combination regimens including gemigliptin or empagliflozin. Caution should be exercised during treatment with antidiabetic medications that adversely affect the bone in patients with diabetes at a high risk of bone loss.
CAPÍTULO 9 - Igualdade de gênero
Authors: Lobato Ana Laura , Rezende Marcela , Fontoura Natália de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Este capítulo tem por objetivo analisar e debater a situação das políticas públicas voltadas para as mulheres brasileiras nos anos de 2015 e 2016. A conjuntura política brasileira nesse período foi bastante conturbada, marcada pelo processo de impeachment da presidenta Dilma Rousseff e a ascensão ao poder de seu então vice, Michel Temer, que culminou com uma reorganização do aparato do Estado e uma revisão profunda do programa de governo implementado pelo Executivo brasileiro. As transformações ocorreram não apenas no desenho institucional do Estado, mas, acima de tudo, na orientação normativa que passou a conduzir sua ação, a qual, de um viés desenvolvimentista, com compromissos sociais básicos, passou, em poucos meses, a uma cartilha ortodoxa e neoliberal, pautada em ideias como a de Estado mínimo, eficiência e eficácia da máquina pública e contenção de gastos governamentais.
A Kétlépcsős Integrált Alkalmasságvizsgálati Rendszer – a tudomány válasza a rendvédelmi hivatásos állomány alkalmasságvizsgálatának kihívásaira
Authors: Malét-Szabó Erika , Takács-Fehér Mária
Published: August 2021

Numerous international and domestic studies have shown that all the duties which law enforcement personnel perform put an increased strain of mental and physical health. All this makes the aptitude testing system of the professionals essential and at the same time more important. An essential condition for the effectiveness of such a system is to be able to continuously adapt to changes in organizational needs and the characteristics of applicants for the organization. The explosive growth in digitalization and the use of the World Wide Web has posed a revision of the more than ten years applied aptitude test system for law enforcement professionals as law enforcement challenges and the younger generation’s changed abilities and motivation to work. In response to these challenges, the Two-stage Integrated Aptitude Testing System (abbreviated as KLIR) was established by Decree No. 45/2020 on the suitability assessment of professional staff and law enforcement administrative staff employed by certain law enforcement agencies under the Minister of the Interior. (XII.16.) BM. Regulation entered into force on 1 January 2021. In our study, we describe the scientific basis of the KLIR system, discussing it along the most important principles of the system. We show how the two steps of the KLIR procedure –examining the fit of work of individuals on several levels at the same time – serving the selection of the most suitable candidates and in addition to the screening of unsuitable ones, thereby improving individual and organizational performance. In the spirit of flexible adaptability, which is considered to be one of the keys to organizational efficiency, we describe the possibilities of the innovations of the KLIR procedure, the scheme of aptitude test categories, the three-level regulatory order, and the coherency between aptitude tests and the training system. The article concludes with a description how the targeted scientific research has contributed to the development of the KLIR system and provides a glimpse of relevant future perspectives.
The Lightweaver Framework for Nonlocal Thermal Equilibrium Radiative Transfer in Python
Authors: Osborne Christopher M. J. , Milić Ivan
Published: August 2021

Tools for computing detailed optically thick spectral line profiles out of local thermodynamic equilibrium have always been focused on speed, due to the large computational effort involved. With the Lightweaver framework, we have produced a more flexible, modular toolkit for building custom tools in a high-level language, Python, without sacrificing speed against the current state of the art. The goal of providing a more flexible method for constructing these complex simulations is to decrease the barrier to entry and allow more rapid exploration of the field. In this paper we present an overview of the theory of optically thick nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer, the numerical methods implemented in Lightweaver including the problems of time-dependent populations and charge-conservation, as well as an overview of the components most users will interact with, to demonstrate their flexibility.
Scaling of Turbulent Viscosity and Resistivity: Extracting a Scale-dependent Turbulent Magnetic Prandtl Number
Authors: Bian Xin , Shang Jessica K. , Blackman Eric G. , Collins Gilbert W. , Aluie Hussein
Published: August 2021

Turbulent viscosity ν

t
and resistivity η

t
are perhaps the simplest models for turbulent transport of angular momentum and magnetic fields, respectively. The associated turbulent magnetic Prandtl number Pr
t
≡ ν

t
/η

t
has been well recognized to determine the final magnetic configuration of accretion disks. Here, we present an approach to determining these “effective transport” coefficients acting at different length scales using coarse-graining and recent results on decoupled kinetic and magnetic energy cascades. By analyzing the kinetic and magnetic energy cascades from a suite of high-resolution simulations, we show that our definitions of ν

t
, η

t
, and Pr
t
have power-law scalings in the “decoupled range.” We observe that Pr
t
≈ 1–2 at the smallest inertial-inductive scales, increasing to ≈5 at the largest scales. However, based on physical considerations, our analysis suggests that Pr
t
has to become scale independent and of order unity in the decoupled range at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers (or grid resolution) and that the power-law scaling exponents of velocity and magnetic spectra become equal. In addition to implications for astrophysical systems, the scale-dependent turbulent transport coefficients offer a guide for large-eddy simulation modeling.
Le rapport de travail en France au XIX e siècle : un rapport marchand ?
Authors: Lemercier Claire
Published: August 2021

Les renouvellements de l’historiographie ont révisé une vision du travail au xix e  siècle qui était dominée par les modèles du paternalisme, de la discipline usinière et de la liberté de contrat sans limite. Ils décrivent des rapports de travail plus précaires mais aussi plus négociés, notamment dans le cadre des chaînes de sous-traitance complexes de la fabrique collective et de la proto-industrie. Les conseils de prud’hommes étaient en particulier un lieu de délibération sur des règles qui pouvaient dans une certaine mesure redresser le rapport de forces en faveur des ouvrier·ère·s. Ces conseils produisaient un « droit des ouvriers », bien distinct de celui des marchands, même si les rapports entre ouvrier·ère·s et patron·ne·s ressemblaient à des rapports marchands. Les conseils de prud’hommes étaient cependant loin d’être accessibles à tou·te·s les travailleur·euse·s manuel·le·s ; beaucoup ne pouvaient pas participer à l’élaboration de ce droit ni bénéficier de son application.
Les regroupements de livreurs à vélo : une application de L’Idée du Droit social de Georges Gurvitch
Authors: Navarro-Ugé Garance
Published: August 2021

Suite à un mouvement de contestation des conditions de travail, du statut d’auto-entrepreneur et plus généralement de la précarisation induite par l’économie des plateformes collaboratives, des livreur·euse·s à vélo se sont regroupés, souvent par le biais d’associations et dans le but de se réapproprier les modes d’organisation du travail. On remarque alors une remise en cause des notions de hiérarchie, de pouvoir individuel et de domination, avec notamment l’expérimentation d’une démocratie dans le travail. Ce phénomène, issu spontanément de la société, est analysable en tant que fait normatif , selon le vocabulaire de Georges Gurvitch et la pensée du droit social, et permet une lecture juridique de la remise en cause du capitalisme comme mode d’organisation unique du travail.
Que peut-on encore espérer de la méthode expérimentale ? Étude comparée en Sciences de Gestion et en Médecine
Authors: Helfrich Vincent , Weber Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2021

Cet article propose de clarifier et de dépasser l’irréductible variabilité qui contrarie toute tentative de qualification des pratiques expérimentales au sein d’une discipline ou à travers les disciplines. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons la notion philosophique d’air de famille, au sens de Wittgenstein, qui permet de catégoriser des objets conceptuels sous la contrainte de leurs ressemblances et dissemblances. Notre analyse est basée sur une étude comparative entre la gestion et la médecine. Cette dernière permet de qualifier à la fois un air de famille « interne » aux pratiques expérimentales propres à chaque discipline (gestion et médecine) et un air de famille « externe » entre ces deux disciplines. Cette analyse insistera notamment sur les cas archétypiques des perspectives expérimentales de la recherche-intervention en gestion et de la clinique médicale.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V®): three decades of research
Authors: Nordström E. Arvidsson , Teixeira C. , Montelius C. , Jeppsson B. , Larsson N.
Published: August 2021

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the in vitro, animal, and clinical studies with the bacterial strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v; formerly named Lactobacillus plantarum 299v) published up until June 30, 2020. L. plantarum 299v is the most documented L. plantarum strain in the world, described in over 170 scientific publications out of which more than 60 are human clinical studies. The genome sequence of L. plantarum 299v has been determined and is available in the public domain (GenBank Accession number: NZ_LEAV01000004). The probiotic strain L. plantarum 299v was isolated from healthy human intestinal mucosa three decades ago by scientists at Lund University, Sweden. Thirty years later, a wealth of data coming from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies exist, showing benefits primarily for gastrointestinal health, such as reduced flatulence and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, several clinical studies have shown positive effects of L. plantarum 299v on iron absorption and more recently also on iron status. L. plantarum 299v is safe for human consumption and does not confer antibiotic resistance. It survives the harsh conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, adheres to mannose residues on the intestinal epithelial cells and has in some cases been re-isolated more than ten days after administration ceased. Besides studying health benefits, research groups around the globe have investigated L. plantarum 299v in a range of applications and processes. L. plantarum 299v is used in many different food applications as well as in various dietary supplements. In a freeze-dried format, L. plantarum 299v is robust and stable at room temperature, enabling long shelf-lives of consumer healthcare products such as capsules, tablets, or powder sachets. The strain is patent protected for a wide range of indications and applications worldwide as well as trademarked as LP299V®.
The truncated Milstein method for super-linear stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching
Authors: Zhan Weijun , Guo Qian , Cong Yuhao
Published: August 2021

In this paper, to approximate the super-linear stochastic differential equations modulated by a Markov chain, we investigate a truncated Milstein method with convergence order 1 in the mean-square sense. Under Khasminskii-type conditions, we establish the convergence result by employing a relationship between local and global errors. Finally, we confirm the convergence rate by a numerical example.
Spatiotemporal dynamics in a diffusive Holling-Tanner model near codimension-two bifurcations
Authors: Duan Daifeng , Niu Ben , Wei Junjie
Published: August 2021

We investigate spatiotemporal patterns near the Turing-Hopf and double Hopf bifurcations in a diffusive Holling-Tanner model on a one- dimensional spatial domain. Local and global stability of the positive constant steady state for the non-delayed system is studied. Introducing the generation time delay in prey growth, we discuss the existence of Turing-Hopf and double Hopf bifurcations and give the explicit dynamical classification near these bifurcation points. Finally, we obtain the complicated dynamics, including periodic oscillations, quasi-periodic oscillations on a three-dimensional torus, the coexistence of two stable nonconstant steady states, the coexistence of two spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions, and strange attractors.
Stabilization for hybrid stochastic differential equations driven by Lévy noise via periodically intermittent control
Authors: Ren Yong , Zhang Qi
Published: August 2021

In this work, the issue of stabilization for a class of continuous-time hybrid stochastic systems with Lévy noise (HLSDEs, in short) is explored by using periodic intermittent control. As for the unstable HLSDEs, we design a periodic intermittent controller. The main idea is to compare the controlled system with a stabilized one with a periodic intermittent drift coefficient, which enables us to use the existing stability results on the HLSDEs. An illustrative example is proposed to show the feasibility of the obtained result.
Investigating a green supply chain with product recycling under retailer's fairness behavior
Authors: Mondal Chirantan , Giri Bibhas C.
Published: August 2021

Due to the rapid increment of environmental pollution and advancement of society, recently many manufacturing firms have started greening their products and focusing on product remanufacturing. The retailing firms are also taking several efforts for marketing those products and thinking more about the fairness of the business. Keeping this in mind, this study investigates the effect of recycling activity and the retailer's fairness behavior on pricing, green improvement, and marketing effort in a closed-loop green supply chain. In the forward channel, the manufacturer sells the green product through the retailer while in the reverse channel, either the manufacturer or the retailer or an independent third-party collects used products. The centralized model and six decentralized models are developed depending on the retailer's fairness behavior and/or product recycling. The optimal results are derived and compared analytically. The analytical results are verified by exemplifying a numerical example. A restitution-based wholesale price contract is developed to resolve the channel conflicts and coordinate the supply chain. Our results reveal that (ⅰ) the manufacturer never selects the third-party as a collector of used products under fair-neutral retailer, (ⅱ) the fairness behavior of the retailer improves her profitability but it diminishes the manufacturer's profit, and (ⅲ) if the manufacturer does not pay much transfer price, then the collection through the third-party is preferable to the fair-minded retailer.
Riemann-Liouville Fractional integral operators with respect to increasing functions and strongly $ (\alpha, m) $-convex functions
Authors: Farid Ghulam ,   Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Pakistan, Yasmeen Hafsa , Ahmad Hijaz , Jung Chahn Yong ,   Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan,   Department of Business Administration, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828, Korea
Published: August 2021

In this paper Hadamard type inequalities for strongly $ (\alpha, m) $-convex functions via generalized Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals are studied. These inequalities provide generalizations as well as refinements of several well known inequalities. The established results are further connected with fractional integral inequalities for Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals of convex, strongly convex and strongly $ m $-convex functions. By using two fractional integral identities some more Hadamard type inequalities are proved.
The radius of unit graphs of rings
Authors: Li Zhiqun ,   School of Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China, Su Huadong
Published: August 2021

Let $ R $ be a ring with nonzero identity. The unit graph of $ R $ is a simple graph whose vertex set is $ R $ itself and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is a unit of $ R $. In this paper, we study the radius of unit graphs of rings. We prove that there exists a ring $ R $ such that the radius of unit graph can be any given positive integer. We also prove that the radius of unit graphs of self-injective rings are 1, 2, 3, $ \infty $. We classify all self-injective rings via the radius of its unit graph. The radius of unit graphs of some ring extensions are also considered.
Coronavírus é como: relações de sentido a partir de metáforas por símile
Authors: Pimentel Rocha Jean Michel , Curti-Contessoto Beatriz
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, debruçamo-nos sobre metáforas por símile a fim de analisá-las no contexto da pandemia de covid-19, considerando as relações de sentido em jogo, as quais abarcam domínios conceituais, aspectos socioculturais, bem como funções pragmáticas e discursivas que emergem das situações examinadas. Para tanto, assumimos um quadro teórico que concebe a metáfora como um fenômeno multifacetado, permeando distintos níveis linguísticos. Ademais, adotamos um método baseado na web como corpus para identificação das metáforas, por meio dos gatilhos coronavírus é como, covid-19 é como, coronavírus é que nem e covid-19 é que nem. À luz de nossos achados, de modo geral, podemos afirmar que, mesmo que os enunciadores lancem mão de domínios metafóricos similares, eles o fazem a partir de distintas posições e intenções discursivo-argumentativas, o que pode resultar, por exemplo, em avaliações positivas ou negativas acerca dos efeitos da pandemia. 
Palavras-chave: Coronavírus; Metáfora por Símile; Relações de Sentido.
Sobre o conhecimento em Ludwig Feuerbach: uma investigação a partir dos Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit (1830)
Authors: Lima Filho José Edmar
Published: August 2021

A presente exposição se orienta pela investigação de um possível interesse de Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) pelo tema do conhecimento, neste caso específico tomando por base o escrito Pensamentos sobre a morte e a imortalidade (Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit [1830]). Embora esta temática pareça constituir um objeto lateral no interior da obra e, por isso, ali não exista um tratamento sistemático da mesma, procuro justificar a legitimidade de concluir que a questão do conhecimento não está apenas presente, mas que dela decorrem implicações diretas para a compreensão de outros problemas que aparecem seja no referido texto de 1830, seja em obras futuras, algo que sugere a importância de examinar tal questão mais demoradamente. Neste texto investigo o problema com base em uma tipologia do saber, para daí avaliar pontos como a distinção entre subjetividade e objetividade, assim como sobre as capacidades humanas a propósito de uma compreensão da exterioridade – em que comparece a centralidade da sensibilidade como condição de possibilidade do conhecimento –, sem desconsiderar a viabilidade da abstração. Finalizo anunciando o tema da valorização da natureza, que parece já estar considerado aqui em 1830 (e que virá retomado no pensamento feuerbachiano posterior), procurando igualmente compreender a questão do conhecimento a partir de um vínculo com a natureza e com a dimensão espácio-temporal que determina qualquer existência real.

Palavras-chave: Ludwig Feuerbach, conhecimento, Pensamentos sobre a morte e a imortalidade.
The Role of Technological and Institutional Affordances in Open Innovation
Authors: Oba Beyza
Published: August 2021

This study aims to advance studies on open innovation, digital technologies, and institutional infrastructures by building on extant research in the field. Most research to date focused on digital technologies and digital affordances, while institutional infrastructures and affordances are less explored. To provide a background for such an approach, this study identifies and integrates two major issues—technological affordances and institutional affordances—that enable or constrain open innovation practices within firms. The framework developed indicates that the degree of openness of the innovation practices is related to the availability of digital technologies and institutional infrastructures in a specific context and the practices of incumbent firms in mobilizing these structures.
Digital Transformation in Port Management
Authors: Solmaz Murat Selçuk
Published: August 2021

Like many other industries, the maritime industry has started to work on digital transformation due to its many benefits. Port management, which is one of the building blocks of the maritime industry, has also accelerated digital transformation efforts under the leadership of developed ports in the world. Today, conventional port managements are faced with many problems. The complex and dynamic nature of the port environment does not allow these problems to be solved by conventional methods. This chapter introduces how the smart port environment that can be achieved through digitalization efforts of ports can find solutions to existing and potential problems.
Towards an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven Government in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Harrasi Nasser , El Din Mohamed Salah , Al Balushi Badriya
Published: August 2021

Many tasks that require human intelligence to perform changed to being executed by artificial intelligence such as voice recognition, image recognition, and various predictions. This study investigates how adopting AI-based technologies could redefine leadership roles and identify the gap of critical leadership competencies of AI-based technologies in Oman's public sector. The study used secondary data sources of four Omani ministries. The results confirm that the work of the leaders in Oman's public sector focuses more on administrative coordination, control, developing strategies, and problem solving. On the other hand, there is little attention given to innovation and focusing on developing people. AI-based technologies enhance leader performance and productivity in many areas such as mindful tech-savvy humanist, fostering systemic intelligence, building trust and innovation, developing creative capabilities, fostering leadership skills, enhancing strategic thinking skills, managing uncertainty, and having creative foresight.
Generation Z's Media Use and Preferences as a Foundation for a Destination Media Planning Process
Authors: Kavran Andrijana Kos , Herman Daniel
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the media use and preferences of Generation Z as a foundation for destination media planning. This chapter used a quantitative method with a questionnaire used as primary data source with a sample of 299 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic method. The results showed that the majority of Generation Z uses and prefers online media while at the same time offline media shouldn't be ignored. This chapter provides recommendations for the destination marketing organizations (DMOs) and media planners to better understand the media habits of Generation Z to use them as a valuable input for destination media planning.
Strengthening an Organizational Knowledge-Sharing Culture
Authors: Degn-Andersen Jens
Published: August 2021

To improve knowledge sharing at the video game company Ubisoft, the knowledge management team investigated the key elements comprising a knowledge sharing culture. A knowledge sharing culture circle outlining both enablers and barriers to effective knowledge sharing is constructed. The five enablers—the nature of knowledge, opportunities to share, motivation to share, the culture and work environment, and trust—should be supported to strengthen knowledge sharing. At the same time, the barriers hindering efficient knowledge sharing at Ubisoft—confidentiality, knowledge hoarding, competition, and lack of prioritization—must be addressed to leverage the benefits of shared knowledge. The interconnected nature of both the enablers and the barriers must be taken into account when constructing initiatives intended to strengthen a culture of knowledge sharing. Five initiatives are described: a new content management paradigm, strengthened internal job communities, redefined internal security policies, objectives and key results on knowledge sharing, and targeted training.
ML-PASD
Authors: Jagota Vishal , Bhatia Vinay , Vives Luis , Prasad Arun B.
Published: August 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is growing faster than ever before. Autism detection is costly and time intensive with screening procedures. Autism can be detected at an early stage by the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML). While a number of experiments using many approaches were conducted, these studies provided no conclusion as to the prediction of autism characteristics in various age groups. This chapter is therefore intended to suggest an accurate MLASD predictive model based on the ML methodology to prevent ASD for people of all ages. It is a method for prediction. This survey was conducted to develop and assess ASD prediction in an artificial neural network (ANN). AQ-10 data collection was used to test the proposed pattern. The findings of the evaluation reveal that the proposed prediction model has improved results in terms of consistency, specificity, sensitivity, and dataset accuracy.
Costs and Delays in Accessing Justice
Authors: Yin Elijah Tukwariba , Seiwoh Beamie Moses
Published: August 2021

This chapter aims to examine the costs and delays in accessing justice in Ghana and Sierra Leone. It is argued that despite the promising and legal history of Ghana and Sierra Leone, with existing court structures and legal procedures on civil and criminal matters, the legal spaces of both countries are fraught with costs and delays in accessing justice. The authors used secondary data from the World Bank, Afrobarometer Report, statutes, court documents, website articles, etc. to underpin the write-up. It was found that citizens in both countries were confronted with delays and costs in accessing justice. It is recommended that in an era of cell phones and various apps, the justice sector should endeavour to go hi-tech by sending alerts to litigants, lawyers, and witnesses warranting their presence at an appointed date and time.
Unpacking the Dilemma of Alternative Dispute Resolution and Access to Justice by Women in the Ghanaian Context
Authors: Boateng John Kwame , Darkwa Ernest
Published: August 2021

The chapter explores the dilemma of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and access to justice for women in Ghana. It argues that introduction and use of ADR has contributed to improving access to justice with regards to reducing delays in formal court procedures, cost reduction, time saving, opening spaces for less-resourced individuals and groups, particularly women, to have access to justice. Above all, ADR does bring access to justice systems close to remote areas, serving the needs of disadvantaged individuals including women and others who are most vulnerable. However, the weaknesses and challenges in the formal legal system, coupled with the historical and cultural dynamics of the Ghanaian society, which is patriarchal in nature, have prevented mostly women from reaping the maximum benefits of ADR. Revisiting the challenges of the justice system and the historical and cultural norms of Ghana would help increase and enhance women's access to justice through ADR.
Developments in Financial Technologies for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Hoang Thinh Gia , Nguyen Giang Ngo Tinh , Le Dat Anh
Published: August 2021

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be seen as the critical goal for every country in the world. In this vein, a stable global financial system is needed these days to satisfy its duty to boost the private capital mobilisation to achieve sustainable development and steady economic growth. Nevertheless, several obstacles limiting such financial mobilisation have been identified by scholars, practitioners, and standard setters. Recently, digital transformation and advancement, specifically in the finance sector, include a wide range of technological developments, and applications such as blockchain, internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence are promised to enhance performance in the financial sector. The potential of digital applications in the finance sector to resolve critical obstacles in financing for inclusive and sustainable growth becomes evident. This chapter aims to provide a summary and a detailed discussion of the latest developments in financial technologies that both facilitate the SDGs and also contribute to future sustainable international business.
Food Loss and Waste
Authors: Baysal S. Su , Ülkü M. Ali
Published: August 2021

Sustainable production and consumption of food are vital for sustainable development. About one-third of all food produced for humans are either lost or wasted causing increased food insecurity and immense economic and social costs. In a world where famine has been an alarming issue, any action to reduce food loss and waste (FLW) is crucial. This chapter reviews, from a sustainable supply chain perspective, the extant literature on food supply chains and discusses FLW issues, especially within the context of sustainable consumption of fruits and vegetables. A framework for sustainable food supply chains (SFSCs) from both production and consumption ends are discussed. In doing so, such current disruptive intelligent technologies as blockchain and the internet of things are emphasized as potential enablers for SFSCs. Mainly driven by consumers' awareness of the pressing issues in the world and consumption behaviour, mitigating FLW in SFSCs would not only result in efficient land and water use but also positively impact climate change and livelihoods towards sustainable development.
Energy Consumption Optimization in Agriculture and Development Perspectives
Authors: Tikhomirov Dmitry , Izmailov Andrey , Lobachevsky Yakov , Tikhomirov Anatoly
Published: August 2021

In this article, indicators of energy consumption in agriculture for Russian Federation are discussed, starting from the year 1990, and their forecast values for the period up to 2030 with the analysis of the decay in the period from 1991 to 2010 and gradual growth of energy resources consumption started in 2010 and continued to the present day has been analyzed. The outlines of the strategy of rural energy base development and optimization have been considered. Demand, development, and implementation conditions of decentralized energy supply systems have been substantiated, and their features, composition, and application field have been specified. It has been shown that the major energy resource of standalone energy systems is local and renewable energy sources and of agricultural production wastes. Methods and technologies for the conversion of renewable energy sources (RES), biomass, and waste of agricultural production into heat and power have been characterized.
Changing Patterns of Energy Use and Its Linkage With Some Macroeconomic Variables in India and China
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rajib
Published: August 2021

Over the last decade there has been a gradual change in the global energy landscape, with fast-growing emerging markets overtaking the traditional centers in terms of energy demand. International Energy Outlook 2017 forecasts that energy consumption in non-OECD countries would increase by 41% between 2015 and 2040 in contrast to a 9% increase in OECD countries. The chapter focuses on two major areas: (1) examining the changing pattern of the composition of energy use in the two selected countries of Asia (India and China) and (2) examining the short-run and long-run relationship among energy use, GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, extent of urbanization. Using ARDL bound test for the period 1990 to 2014 for the World Development Indicator data 2017-18, it reveals that the powerhouses of global energy demand growth are led by the developing economies of Asia (i.e., China, India, Indonesia, Morocco, Brazil, Singapore, and Thailand). In the case of India, a long-run association has been found between energy use and GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, and extent of urbanization, but no instances are for China.
DuBot
Authors: Chatzopoulos Avraam , Kalogiannakis Michail , Papadakis Stamatios , Papoutsidakis Michail , Elza Dethe , Psycharis Sarantos
Published: August 2021

This chapter presents the design and development of an open-source, low-cost robot for K12 students, suitable for use in educational robotics and science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM). The development of DuΒot is a continuation of previous research and robot's innovation is based on three axes: (a) its specifications came from the 1st cycle of action research; (b) robot's visual programming language is integrated into the robot, taking advantage of the fact that it can be programmed from any device (smartphone, tablet, PC) with an internet connection and without the need to install any software or app; (c) is low-cost with no “exotic” parts robot than anyone can build with less than 50€. Furthermore, the robot's initial evaluation is presented -from distance due to emergency restrictions of Covid-19 is presented by the University of Crete, Department of Preschool Education's students.
A Multi-Step Process Towards Integrating Free and Open Source Software in Engineering Education
Authors: Srinivasa K.G. , Deka Ganesh Chandra , P.M. Krishnaraj
Published: August 2021

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is a phenomenon which has overgrown its software origins. From being viewed as a cheaper software alternative, it has become a fountain head of ideas which are adopted cheerfully by people across many domains. From a collaborative effort to build world's biggest encyclopaedia to artists sharing their works under liberal licences, FOSS has become a reference for global, peer-reviewed, volunteer based production model of creating knowledge commons. With everyone from governments to big corporates displaying keen interest in FOSS, it is high time educationalists too take FOSS into classrooms. The ecology of FOSS is filled with more than just a set of software from which a teacher can choose from. He can bring the rich set of coding practices, licensing options, production model and importantly a different world-view by adopting FOSS in teaching. The benefits for students too are many ranging from using modern tools to participating in real world software development. There are many scholarly papers reporting the innovative use of FOSS in teaching graduate courses. By combining these studies with our experience of delivering courses in FOSS, we present a three-stage process which can be adopted by teachers and institutes to utilise the benefits of FOSS to the fullest.
War and Peace
Authors: Brown-Gaston Racquel D. , Arora Anshu Saxena
Published: August 2021

The United States Department of Defense (DoD) designs, constructs, and deploys social and autonomous robots and robotic weapons systems. Military robots are designed to follow the rules and conduct of the professions or roles they emulate, and it is expected that ethical principles are applied and aligned with such roles. The application of these principles appear paramount during the COVID-19 global pandemic, wherein substitute technologies are crucial in carrying out duties as humans are more restrained due to safety restrictions. This article seeks to examine the ethical implications of the utilization of military robots. The research assesses ethical challenges faced by the United States DoD regarding the use of social and autonomous robots in the military. The authors provide a summary of the current status of these lethal autonomous and social military robots, ethical and moral issues related to their design and deployment, a discussion of policies, and the call for an international discourse on appropriate governance of such systems.
The Multiple Supply Chain Design Problem
Authors: Ohmori Shunichi , Arakane Tsuneaki , Ruiz-Torres Alex , Yoshimoto Kazuho
Published: August 2021

It has become widely accepted that delivering diverse products to customers who have different needs by a “one-size-fits-all” supply chain results in lower profits and customer service. Therefore, there is a need to design supply chain systems that can effectively and profitably serve products and customers with diverse characteristics. This paper presents a mathematical model that selects the optimal set of supply chains that match diverse characteristics of products and customers. The model considers various product, customer, and supply chain characteristics, including the required lead time, the supply chain lead times, the customer time sensitivity, and the complexity factor resulting from having multiple supply chains. An example and a sensitivity analysis are used to demonstrate the model's capabilities.
Research on Dual-Channel Supply Chain Promotion Strategy
Authors: Duan Qi , Li Chengcheng
Published: August 2021

The establishment of online direct sales channels influences the selection of pricing strategies and promotion information disclosure strategies of manufacturers and retailers. Considering the consideration of consumer preference, this paper studies the influence of different promotion information disclosure modes on the promotion effect and the income of supply chain members in the dual-channel supply chain with direct online channels. Based on hoteling model, the authors establish a model on market demand of the two channels and analyze the pricing and disclosure strategies of manufacturers and retailers under different concerns of consumers. It is found that there is a unique equilibrium threshold between the two disclosure modes. Only when the selling price after promotion is lower than the threshold are manufacturers or retailers willing to make information disclosure. It is also found that the disclosure intention and strategy of manufacturer or retailer will change with different customers' concerns and the relationship between the difference of two channels promotion and the threshold value.
Enhancing the Software Clone Detection in BigCloneBench
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Saini Munish
Published: August 2021

In the software system, the code snippets that are copied and pasted in the same software or another software result in cloning. The basic cause of cloning is either a programmer‘s constraint or language constraints. An increase in the maintenance cost of software is the major drawback of code clones. So, clone detection techniques are required to remove or refactor the code clone. Recent studies exhibit the abstract syntax tree (AST) captures the structural information of source code appropriately. Many researchers used tree-based convolution for identifying the clone, but this technique has certain drawbacks. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose an approach that finds the semantic clone through square-based convolution by taking abstract syntax representation of source code. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach to the popular BigCloneBench benchmark.
Sustainable Green Growth in Developing Economies
Authors: He Ruoyu , Baležentis Tomas , Štreimikienė Dalia , Shen Zhiyang
Published: August 2021

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) initiated by Chinese government could be regarded as a systematic framework for promoting economic cooperation and development among the countries along the Belt and Road and China. This paper attempts to analyze economic and environmental performance in 61 developing countries along Belt and Road. An additive total factor productivity growth measure allows aggregating contributions of individual countries along the BRI to construct a reasonable measure. Both desirable and undesirable outputs are considered. The growth in the total factor productivity is decomposed with respect to the economic and environmental contributions. The annual average growth rate of green productivity is 3.1% and the disparity of economic and environmental performance could be observed among countries. Some countries show robust economic growths while environmental performance slows down green growth. This indicates that developing economies should pay attention to environmental impacts and promote sustainable development by sharing emission reduction technologies.
Evaluating Sustainable Development of Land Resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China
Authors: Sun Yuhuan , Yang Zhiyu , Yu Xinyuan , Ding Wangwang
Published: August 2021

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is one of the most economically active regions in China, where an imbalance between the demand for land and the non-renewable is increasingly prominent. We present the patterns of land use in the YREB, then construct an evaluation index based on the Pressure-State-Response model. The TOPSIS model is used to evaluate sustainable land development in the YREB, and the spatial deductive characteristics of sustainable development levels are analyzed using three aspects: global spatial correlation, local spatial correlation, and regional difference. The results about the YREB show that: (1) The comprehensive sustainable land development score is average, indicating moderate sustainability with a fluctuating upward trend and good prospects. (2) The sustainable development levels of land have strong positive spatial correlation and agglomeration; the agglomeration characteristics follow a pattern similar to that of the status of economic development. (3) Sustainable development levels of land in the provinces and cities show great spatial differences.
Morphophysiology and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings submitted to inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis
Authors: Teixeira Ednilson Carvalho , Matsumoto Sylvana Naomi , Ribeiro André Felipe Fialho , Viana Anselmo Eloy Silveira , Tagliaferre Cristiano , Carvalho Franklin Damasceno , Pereira Luanna Fernandes , Silva Virgiane Amaral
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to verify if a growth reduction of yellow passion fruit seedlings’ growth morphophysiology and quality could be changed by paclobutrazol applied through seedling immersion. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with seedlings grown in polyethylene tubes (290 cm3), with substrate. At 40 days after sowing, the seedlings were immersed in an aqueous solution of paclobutrazol at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with five treatments (paclobutrazol concentrations) and four replicates. At 15 and 30 days after treatment, growth characteristics were evaluated. At the end of the assay, destructive evaluations related to mass determination, total leaf area, and seedling quality index were performed. Paclobutrazol treatment induced restrictions in seedling growth, except for fresh and dry mass of root and total fresh mass. Based on these characteristics, the increase in values induced by paclobutrazol was verified. The seedling quality, defined by the major value of the Dickson quality index and a smaller robustness index, was higher when submitted to paclobutrazol treatment.