bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACTIONS IN JAVANESE
Authors: Wijana I Dewa Putu , Hendrokumoro NFN , Ma'shumah Nadia Khumairo
Published: May 2024

As Indonesia's most widely spoken local language, Javanese is rich in linguistic phenomena that need to be understood, especially by speakers, linguists, and academia. One of these linguistic phenomena is contraction. This study investigates various types and communicative functions of Javanese contractions commonly used in informal situations. By qualitatively analyzing the data collected from Javanese grammar and textbooks and researchers’ intuition as native speakers, this study found that Javanese has two types of contractions, i.e., internal (created by omission of internal letters and sounds) and external contraction (created by reducing the syllables of entire or partial each word). Most of these contractions were manifested through removing the first syllable, although other possibilities exist in much rarer cases. Aside from the intention of creating a more economical expression, this study discovered that contraction processes in Javanese could also be used to create humorous and euphemistic effects, maintain secrecy, and increase aesthetic effects.Sebagai bahasa daerah yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia, bahasa Jawa kaya akan fenomena kebahasaan yang perlu dipahami, terutama oleh para penutur, ahli bahasa dan akademisi. Salah satu fenomena linguistik tersebut adalah kontraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan fungsi komunikatif dalam kontraksi bahasa Jawa yang banyak ditemukan dalam penggunaan bahasa lisan lokal terbesar di Indonesia, terutama dalam acara-acara informal. Dengan menganalisis secara kualitatif data yang dikumpulkan dari tata bahasa Jawa dan buku-buku teks, serta yang secara naluriah diperoleh dari intuisi peneliti sebagai penutur asli, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa orang Jawa memiliki dua jenis kontraksi, yaitu kontraksi internal (dengan menghilangkan huruf dan pelafalan internal) dan eksternal kontraksi (dengan mengurangi seluruh atau sebagian suku kata dari setiap kata). Semua jenis kontraksi tersebut diwujudkan dalam bentuk penghapusan suku kata awal, meskipun juga terdapat kemungkinan lain, yang demikian ini ditemukan dalam kasus yang jauh lebih jarang. Terlepas dari niat untuk mencapai ekspresi yang lebih ekonomis, proses kontraksi dalam bahasa Jawa juga dapat berfungsi untuk mendapatkan efek lucu, eufemistik, rahasia, dan estetik.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEMONSTRATIVES IN SASAK AND CHINESE
Authors: Sutarman NFN , Abdussamad Zainudin , Muhid Abdul , Supatmiwati Diah , Suktiningsih Wiya
Published: May 2024

Demonstratives in Chinese and Sasak languages have semantically and syntactically significant different concepts. Semantically, The Chinese language applies a two-way system consisting of proximal ‘zhe/zh’e and distal ‘na/nei’while Sasak language particularly the Menu-Meni dialect uses a three-way system including proximal‘ne’, medial‘tie’, and distal‘nu’. Syntactically, demonstrative in Chinese is categorized into five subtypes: pronominal, adnominal, locational, temporal, manner, and degree. Sasak, on the other hand, includes pronominal, adnominal, identificational, adverbial, verbal, quantificational, and referential. This paper shows that the Chinese and Sasak languages has semantically similar in the concept of proximity and different in medial and distal one. Syntactically, these languages have nominal and adverbial demonstrative which share similar properties but differ in other demonstrative categorizations. Demonstratif dalam bahasa Cina dan bahasa Sasak memiliki perbedaan konsep yang signifikan secara semantik dan sintaksis. Secara semantik, bahasa Cina menerapkan sistem dua arah yang terdiri dari proksimal 'zhe/zh'e dan distal 'na/nei' sedangkan bahasa Sasak khususnya dialek Menu-Meni menggunakan sistem tiga arah meliputi proksimal 'ne', medial 'tie', dan distal 'nu'. Secara sintaksis, demonstratif dalam bahasa Cina dikategorikan menjadi lima subtipe: pronominal, adnominal, locational, temporal, Manner, dan degree. Sasak, di sisi lain, memiliki pronominal, adnominal, identificational, adverbial, verbal, Quantifier, referential. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Cina dan bahasa Sasak secara semantik memiliki kesamaan dalam konsep proximity dan berbeda dalam konsep medial dan distal. Secara sintaksis, bahasa-bahasa ini memiliki demonstratif nominal dan adverbial dengan ciri yang sama tetapi berbeda dalam kategorisasi demonstratif lainnya.
Dwelling Untitled: Exploration of inhabitation and atmospheres
Authors:   , Mawer Rowan
Published: May 2024

Modernist architecture saw a deprioritisation of the body and its senses within designed space. Dwelling arose from the post-modern phenomenological turn, arguing against modernity and a shift towards the body. Through the use of dwelling people argue the position that modern architecture disconnected people from our places of inhabitation and was a mere container for lodgings. Theorisation of dwelling began actively questioning how we relate to the world and architecture. Architectural phenomenologists whilst not all, explored dwelling, actively prioritising the body and thinking about how people experience architecture. Dwelling can be understood as being in the world, relating to the world through our varying mobilities and interactions. This thesis asks the question of how architecture can create affective atmospheres to support dwelling through mobility and interactions. The research methodology of this thesis is design-led research, explored through two approaches: research for and research through design. This thesis is structured as follows: chapter one introduces the research thematic, proposition, aims and objectives, research methodology, scope and limitations. Following chapter one, this thesis is segmented into three sections: Part One, research for design; Part Two, research through design; and Part Three, research conclusion. Part One, research for design, contains two chapters: the theoretical context chapter and the case studies chapter. The theoretical context chapter outlines existing academic literature on dwelling and atmospheres. The case studies chapter looks at three precedents that follow the scale of the design chapters. The precedents were analysed in terms of dwelling and atmospheres. Part two, research through design, is explored in three design chapters as follows: installation, domestic scale of the home, and finally, public scale redesigning Wellington City Train Station. Each design chapter increases in scale and complexity. Each design chapter explored creating atmospheres through form, materiality, light and shadow to support dwelling by prompting interaction and mobilities. Part three, research conclusion: this thesis concludes that dwelling mobilities and interaction can be supported through architecture that uses form, materiality, light and shadow to create atmospheres, facilitating a relationship between person and architecture. Directions for future research are suggested.
PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK PADAT DARI KOTORAN KAMBING DAN COCOPEAT DENGAN BIOAKTIVATOR SOT (SUPLEMEN ORGANIK TANAMAN)
Authors: Chairinnisa Chairinnisa , Kurniawan Eddy , Mulyawan Rizka , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Hakim Lukman
Published: May 2024

AbstrakPupuk organik adalah pupuk yang tersusun dari materi makhluk hidup yang diolah melalui proses pembusukan oleh bakteri pengurai, seperti pelapukan sisa-sisa tanaman. Pupuk organik padat yaitu pupuk yang diperoleh hewan atau tumbuhan. Pupuk organik padat memiliki unsur hara makro seperti Nitrogen, Fosfor dan Kalium yang dibutuhkan olreh suatu tanaman serta dapat memperbaiki unsur hara dalam tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung kadar Nitrogen, Fosfor dan Kalium dalam pupuk organik padat dengan bahan baku utama yaitu kotoran kambing dan bahan baku pendukung yaitu kapur dolomit, cocopeat dan SOT. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah penambahan bioaktivator SOT, cocopeat, dan dolomit. Salah satu metode proses pembuatan pupuk organik padat yaitu dengan cara fermentasi. Pada penelitian ini yang divariasikan yaitu waktu fermentasi (8, 12, 16 dan 20) hari dan volume SOT (40, 60, 80 dan 100 ml). Hasil penelitian dengan kadar N, P, dan K terbaik didapat pada hari ke 20 dengan volume SOT 100 ml, yaitu 1,83% N, 0,41 % P dan 0,68 % K. lama waktu fermentasi dan volume SOT sangat mempengaruhi kadar N, P dan K. semakin banyak volume SOT maka kadar N, P dan K akan semakin tinggi, begitu juga dengan lama waktu fermentasi yang digunakan.
PEMANFAATAN LOGAM ALUMUNIUM (Al) PADA KALENG MINUMAN BEKAS MENJADI TAWAS
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Ifan , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin , Kurniawan Eddy , Meriatna Meriatna , Bahri Syamsul
Published: May 2024

Tawas terkenal sebagai agen penggumpal dalam pemrosesan limbah air yang sangat efisien untuk memisahkan partikel yang mengapung baik dalam bentuk koloid maupun suspensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi KOH terhadap jumlah tawas yang diperoleh serta mengetahui mutu kadar tawas yang diperoleh dari limbah kaleng minuman bekas. Prosesnya yaitu kaleng bekas yang digunakan diamplas dengan kertas pasir kemudian dipotong kecil-kecil. Lempengan kaleng dilarutkan menggunakan KOH 50 ml dengan variasi konsentrasi (5%, 15%, 25%, 35%). Disaring untuk mendapatkan filtrat. Filtrat ditambahkan larutan H2SO4 3M sebanyak 30 ml. Dioven pada suhu 70oC selama 1 jam. Tawas yang dihasilkan dihitung % yield, kelarutan dalam air, kadar aluminium dan penjernihan air sederhana. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan kaleng tebs dan pocari sweat untuk menentukan kadar aluminium dalam tawas untuk penjernihan air waduk. Dari hasil yang diperoleh % yield paling tinggi pada kaleng pocari didapat pada konsentrasi KOH 35% sebesar 81,61% dan kaleng tebs pada konsentrasi KOH 35% sebesar 96,24%. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan, maka makin cepat melelehkan kaleng bekas serta mampu menjerat lebih berlimpah aluminium pada kaleng. Namun, hal ini musti disertai peningkatan kadar H2SO4 agar memudahkan dan mempersingkat pembentukan tawas.
PEMANFAATAN LIDAH BUAYA SEBAGAI KOAGULAN PADA PENJERNIHAN AIR
Authors: Maulana Firman , Azhari Azhari , Ishak Ishak , Zulnazri Zulnazri , Sulhatun Sulhatun
Published: May 2024

Koagulan adalah suatu material yang digunakan untuk mengikat partikel atau kotoran dalam air yang selanjutnya menjadi flokulan yang mengubah partikel tersebut terikat menjadi gumpalan dan mempunyai berbeda ukuran untuk mengendap. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti lidah buaya mampu menjadi biokoagulan, melihat pengaruh waktu reaksi dan karakteristik koagulan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi dosis koagulan dengan 0,2 ml, 0,4 ml dan 0,6 ml serta lama pengadukan yaitu 30, 45 dan 60 menit, dengan kecepatan pengadukan 30 rpm. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah dengan mengggunakan lidah buaya sebagai koagulan pada penjernihan air. Air yang dimaksudkan untuk sanitasi dan higiene harus tersedia memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan yang meliputi kebutuhan fisik, biologis dan kimia. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengukuran pH, kekeruhan, kesadahan, suhu dan warna terbaik yaitu pada dosis 0,6 ml dengan lama pengadukan 60 menit.  Nilai pH terbaik dari 7,8 menjadi 6,6. Nilai kekeruhan air yang terbaik dari 154,62 menjadi 42,894. Nilai kesadahan air dari 3,7548 ppm menjadi 0,2058 ppm. Suhu tidak ada perubahan dikarenakan tidak ada reaksi kimia yang cepat berlangsung, dan warna air berubah dari 178 menjadi 46.  Sehingga dari semua hasil yang didapat pada penelitian diketahui bahwasanya variasi jumlah dosis gel lidah buaya yang digunakan dan lama pengadukan mempengaruhi hasil kadar koagulan yang dihasilkan. Semakin banyak massa yang digunakan maka semakin baik pH, kekeruhan, kesadahan, suhu dan warna yang dihasilkan.
PEMURNIAN MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN AMPAS NANAS SEBAGAI ADSOBEN
Authors: Afra Khalida , ZA Nasrul , Sulhatun Sulhatun , Mulyawan Rizka , Muarif Agam
Published: May 2024

Proses pemisahan produk reaksi degradasi (air, peroksida, asam lemak bebas, aldehida, dan keton) dari minyak goreng dikenal sebagai penyulingan minyak goreng atau minyak goreng bekas. Menggunakan agen penyerap untuk memurnikan minyak goreng bekas adalah metode yang mudah dan efektif. Ampas nanas adalah adsorben yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Karena memiliki antioksidan yang dapat mencegah molekul radikal bebas, bahan penyerap ini dapat memurnikan minyak jelantah. Menggunakan ampas nanas sebagai adsorben dan proses aktivasi untuk mengukur kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan asam, bilangan peroksida, kadar air, dan karakteristik gugus fungsi yang diperoleh setelah adsorbsi, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk melihat pengaruh waktu dan massa terhadap proses penyulingan minyak jelantah. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, namun yang menjadi pembeda adalah waktu adsorpsi 3, 4, 5, dan 6 hari dan massa adsorben 13, 15, 17, dan 19 g. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil uji terbaik asam lemak bebas (FFA) sebesar 0,10%, bilangan asam KOH/gr 0,16 mg, bilangan peroksida 1,48 mEq/kg, kadar air 0,01%, dan uji gugus fungsi (FTIR) untuk adsorben aktif, dengan gugus hidroksil OH pada bilangan gelombang 3367,71 cm-1, gugus C=O pada bilangan gelombang 1708,93 cm-1, gugus fungsi C=C pada bilangan gelombang 1.570,06 cm-1, gugus fungsi C-H dengan bilangan gelombang 2.941,44 cm-1, dan golongan fungsional P-OH dengan bilangan gelombang 1.058,92 cm-1.
ANALISA KARAKTERISTIK SEDIAAN MASKER PEEL-OFF DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG TELUR DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BUBUK KULIT BATANG KAYU MANIS
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Irvan Maulana , Muarif Agam , ZA Nasrul , Azhari Azhari , Muhammad Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Masker peel-off merupakan masker yang berbentuk gel yang di aplikasikan ke kulit dan dalam waktu tertentu akan membentuk lapisan film transparan yang elastis, setelah kering masker dapat langsung diangkat tanpa perlu dibilas, Masker wajah tentu memiliki banyak manfaat sesuai dengan jenis bahan utama yang terkandung dalam produk tersebut mulai dari mencerahkan wajah, memudarkan bekas jerawat, mengecilkan pori-pori hingga menyamarkan garis-garis halus pada wajah, Pada penelitian ini penulis menambahkan bubuk batang kayu manis sebagai zat aktif, dan dmdm hidantoin sebagai pengawet, pengujian juga dilakukan selama 1 minggu lama penyimpanan untuk mengamati karakteristik sediaan dengan variasi perbandingan PVA (8, 10, 12 gram) dan CMC (0, 1, 3, 5 gram), dari masing-masing sediaan dilakukan uji evaluasi, meliputi: organoleptik, daya sebar, waktu kering, homogenitas, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi massa sediaan memberikan pengaruh pada sifat fisika masker, hasil evaluasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa  sediaan masker dengan perbandingan 10 gram PVA dan 1 gram CMC, merupakan formula yang memenuhi SNI, dengan nilai pH 7,3-7,5, daya sebar 5-5,1 cm, waktu kering 25-26 menit, kestabilan homogenitas yang baik, dan uji organoleptik yang paling banyak disukai.
ADSORPSI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS CPO DENGAN ADSORBEN DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KULIT TELUR AYAM
Authors: Almahibi Saif , Nurlaila Rizka , Suryati Suryati , Muhammad Muhammad , Bahri Syamsul , Hafli Teuku Mudi
Published: May 2024

AbstrakPenggunaan limbah cangkang telur ayam sangat efisien dan ekonomis karena banyaknya konsumsi telur sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi salah satu sumber adsorben, kandungan CaCO3 yang tinggi memiliki potensi pada penjernihan minyak Crude Palm Oil. Minyak CPO adalah minyak yang masih mentah, dan juga masih mengandung zat pengotor dan asam lemak bebas yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh massa adsorben dan waktu kontak terhadap kualitas asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida, dan kadar air pada CPO. Untuk penelitian ini cangkang telur ayam dihaluskan terlebih dulu, lalu difurnace pada suhu 800oC selama 2 jam dan tidak diaktivasi kimia menggunakan HCl. Minyak CPO disiapkan kemudian dimasukkan adsorben yang telah diaktivasi dengan variasi massa adsorben 10 gram; 20 gram; 30 gram; dan 40 gram, kemudian aduk menggunakan stirrer dengan kecepatam 750 rpm dengan variasi waktu kontak 30 menit; 60 menit; 90 menit; dan 120 menit. Hasil terbaik penelitian ini pada massa adsorben 40 gram dengan waktu kontak 120 menit diperoleh penurunan kadar FFA 13,23% menjadi 5,09%, penurunan kadar air 1,2468% menjadi 0,15%, bilangan peroksida 11,66 mek O2/kg menjadi 5,00 mek O2/kg.
EXPOSIÇÃO OCUPACIONAL AOS MATERIAIS BIOLÓGICOS: RISCOS E PERFIL EPIDEMIOLOGICO DOS EXPOSTO
Authors: Queiroz Cleide Augusta de , Silva Ednaldo Aparecido da , Florêncio Andressa Bueno , Carvalhaes Deise Silva
Published: May 2024

A exposições ocupacionais estão relacionados a vários fatores dentre eles: o cargo e as condições
laborais. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo “ Identificar os riscos e perfil epidemiológicos dos expost
Challenges of implementing social studies curriculum: A case of selected secondary schools in Kafue district of Lusaka Province, Zambia
Authors: Edward Mboozi  , Chanda Chansa Thelma  , Neroh H. Mwanapabu
Published: May 2024

Overview: The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges that schools are facing in the implementation of the Social Studies curriculum and its effect on learner’s academic performance in secondary schools of Kafue district in Lusaka province, Zambia. Body of Knowledge: The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to investigate whether the absence of teachers trained to teach social studies has an effect on implementation of curriculum of social studies in schools; to examine the extent to which absence of teaching and learning materials like text books for social studies affect the academic performance of learners; and to establish measures put in place to mitigate the challenges of curriculum implementation for social studies in schools. Methods: The population of the study comprised head teachers, heads of departments, teachers, DESO officers, and learners. The total target population was 1500. The sample size involved a total of 150 respondents, which was 10% of the target population. A mixed method approach was used in this study in combination with the descriptive survey design. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. Qualitative and Quantitative techniques of data analysis was used, and data was presented on the analytical tools such as tables, figures, charts and software; SPSS. Results: The study established that the major challenges that affected curriculum implementation and influenced learners’ academic performance were: absence of trained teachers of the subject, and inadequate teaching/ learning materials, physical facilities and the way the curriculum was being implemented itself. This undermined effectiveness of school administrators and teachers in ensuring there is smooth teaching and learning process in schools which eventually translated to poor academic performance among learners. Recommendation: Ministry of Education should ensure that schools have adequate resources such as textbooks, teaching aids, and technology to support the implementation of the social studies curriculum.
Gewalt und Intimität
Authors: Görling Reinhold
Published: May 2024

Mit sehr unterschiedlichen filmischen Mitteln beschäftigen sich die Filme All eure Gesichter (2023) und Das Wolfshaus (2018) mit den dissoziierenden Folgen der Gewalt. Der Spielfilm All eure Gesichter handelt von den Bemühungen der 2014 in Frankreich eingerichteten Justice restaurative, Opfern und Tätern eine gegenseitige, intersubjektive Begegnung zu ermöglichen. Das Erleben der Gewalt kann in ihrer affektiven Intensität in den intimen, auf Responsivität angewiesenen Bereich der Subjektivität eindringen und mit einer insistierenden Gegenwärtigkeit dort verharren, während dem Täter oft gar nicht zu Bewusstsein kommt, dass das Wirken der Gewalt weit über den Augenblick der Handlung hin andauert. Der Spielfilm zeigt Chancen auf, welche durch die Schaffung eines sozialen Rahmens entstehen können, in dem zumindest Augenblicke des Erlebens von Responsivität möglich werden können. Dem Animationsfilm Das Wolfshaus gelingt es dagegen durch eine außergewöhnliche Animationstechnik, eine Vorstellung der Dynamik der inneren Prozesse zu geben, durch welche die Versuche von Opfern psychischen Missbrauchs, eine eigene Welt von Objekten zu schaffen, vom Introjekt des Täters immer wieder eingeholt werden. Der chilenische Film lehnt sich dabei an die Vorgänge in der 1961 vom deutschen Migranten Paul Schäfer im Süden Chiles gegründeten Colonia Dignidad an.
Das Shmoo
Authors: Bahl Silvia
Published: May 2024

Zu den dissoziativen Dimensionen des Psychischen zählen auch affektive Zustände und Beziehungskonstellationen, die nie eine psychische Repräsentation erfahren konnten und deshalb ohne Bezug zu den psychischen Strukturen, auch denen der Abwehr wie die Verdrängung oder Verleugnung, verbleiben. Gleichwohl sind sie als dem Ich nicht-zugängliche Dimensionen und Kräfte wirksam. Mit Bezug auf Wilfred R. Bion lassen sie sich als ß-Elemente verstehen, die ohne Begrenzung oder Figuration sind. Der auf Kurt Lewin zurückgehende Begriff des psychischen Feldes erlaubt es, den Prozess einer solchen Figuration als ein Ko-Emergieren in einem intersubjektiven Dritten zu verstehen, das zwischen Patient und Therapeut entsteht. In seiner Diskussion der verschiedenen Metaphern, die Freud zur Beschreibung der therapeutischen Praxis benutzt, sowie mit Bezug auf die Arbeiten von Madeleine und Willy Baranger, Sára und César Botella und Antonino Ferro schildert Howard B. Levine entlang einer eigenen Fallgeschichte die Transformation eines nicht-repräsentierten psychischen Zustandes in eine Figuration, die von den psychischen Prozessen aufgegriffen werden kann.
Tranceund Besessenheitszustände
Authors: Wöller Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

Tranceund Besessenheitszustände sind weltweit verbreitete Formen veränderter Bewusstseinszustände. Heute kommen sie am häufigsten in nicht-westlichen Kulturkreisen vor. Sie können je nach kulturellem Kontext in religiöse oder weltliche Riten eingebunden sein und vielfältige soziale und kommunikative Funktionen erfüllen. In anderen Fällen kann die Besessenheit durch Geister oder Dämonen mit hoher subjektiver Belastung und Leiden für die Betroffenen verbunden sein. Zusammenhänge mit psychosozialen Belastungen, intrapsychischen oder interpersonellen Konflikten und traumatischen Erfahrungen sind meist evident. Ein erhöhtes Vorkommen maligner Besessenheitserfahrungen findet sich speziell in Kriegsund Nachkriegsregionen. Nicht selten manifestiert sich das Störungsbild der dissoziativen Identitätsstörung als Besessenheitstrance. Unter dem Blickwinkel einer kulturell angemessenen Gesundheitsund Sozialversorgung ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer Sensibilisierung für die mit pathologischen Formen von Besessenheit einhergehenden psychischen Beeinträchtigungen und die sich abzeichnenden Zusammenhänge mit psychischen Traumatisierungen.
Leveraging Physical Activities to Support Learning for Young People via Technologies: An Examination of Educational Practices Across the Field
Authors: Yu Junnan , Xu Tian , Kelley Camryn , Ruppert Janet , Roque Ricarose
Published: May 2024

Many technological interventions have leveraged physical activity (PA, i.e., activities that involve whole-body movements) to provide young people with active and productive learning experiences. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of how PA can serve as a learning medium—for example, how PA can support learning and how to design technologies to support PA-based learning. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (N = 141) of PA-based, technology-mediated learning experiences for young people with a focus on how PA supports learning, what technologies are involved, and the associated challenges. Through content analysis, we identified four approaches of how PA and learning were combined (i.e., PA embodied learning content, served as a functional input method for learning tasks, guided learners through different learning sites, and generated data for learning activities) and supporting technologies like full-body interaction learning environments and mobile apps. However, many challenges might arise, such as balancing learning and PA, as well as the scalability and reliability of technologies. We conclude with a discussion and reflection on design implications for more PA-based learning experiences and technologies. Overall, this paper provides a systematic overview of the different ways to design physically active learning experiences for young people and can serve as a reference for future designs of physically active learning experiences and technologies.
A Comparative Analysis of the Machine Learning Methods for Predicting Diabetes
Authors:   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA, Maydanchi Mohammad , Ziaei Mehrbod ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran, Mohammadi Mehrdad ,   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA, Ziaei Armin ,   Department of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA, Basiry Mina ,   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, Haji Fatemeh ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Gharibi Kazhal ,   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA
Published: May 2024

Diabetes can lead to various health problems and complications, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney damage (nephropathy), eye issues, neuropathy, and foot ailments. Therefore, early diagnosis of diabetes can be immensely beneficial in preventing the development of these conditions. Utilizing machine learning is one method to detect diabetes in individuals at an early stage. In this study, we compare the performance of nine machine-learning classification models in predicting diabetes. These models include XGBoost, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, logistic regression, decision tree, KNN, perceptron, random forest, and naïve bayes. We utilize several evaluation metrics, focusing on the f1-score, area under the curve (AUC), and computational runtime. Our comparison reveals that complex tree-based models exhibit the highest f1-score and AUC, albeit with longer execution times.
Artistic activism: Can aesthetic reception reduce adverse effects of disruptive protest?
Authors: Barkela Berend , Schäfer Christina , Altenmüller Marlene Sophie
Published: May 2024

Activists face a dilemma: The more disruptive their protest, the more attention they will get – but they will also be perceived more negatively. Can aesthetic tactics alleviate such adverse effects? In two experiments (N1 = 828; N2 = 1203; German access panel), we investigate whether artistic activism (e.g., performance art during protests) is judged more positively than non-artistic activism at similar levels of disruption regarding participants’ perceptions of (extremity, immorality), attitudes towards (emotional connection, identification), and support for the protesters. We observe clear evidence that the more disruptive a protest, the more negative its perception. Effects of artistic activism, however, were mixed and small: Artistic actions might even increase extremity perceptions of non- disruptive, peaceful protests; but, at medium levels of disruption (i.e., disobedient, yet non- violent), they might slightly improve protest perceptions. Thus, we find rather weak support for the notion that artistic activism alleviates adverse effects of disruptive protests.
Relación entre indicadores antropométricos y dislipidemias en niños con sobrepeso-obesidad en un centro de atención primaria en Perú
Authors: Zamalloa Portocarrero Ricardo Edgar , Paz Ibarra José Luis
Published: May 2024

La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública que se ha vuelto epidémica a nivel mundial, el consumo de alimentos con alto nivel de procesamiento además de niveles altos de azúcar, grasas trans y sodio así como de bebidas con mucha azúcar, sumado a esto a la poca o nula actividad física son causas principales de el exceso de peso en niños y niñas, el cual se asocia a una importante prevalencia de disturbios metabólicos como las dislipidemias, además que de persistir en la adultez aumenta el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares como la hipertensión arterial, los desórdenes cerebrovasculares y patologías metabólicas como la diabetes mellitus. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre indicadores antropométricos y dislipidemias en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa de diseño no experimental, analítico de corte transversal. La muestra constó de 313 niños entre 6 a 13 años procedentes del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho de Lima, atendidos en consulta externa del Hospital Aurelio Díaz Ufano de junio del 2022 a mayo del 2023, el tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, se realizaron mediciones antropométricas (peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura) y se determinó el perfil lipídico en sangre, se usó el programa IBM SPSS Statistics 25 para el análisis de datos y el coeficiente de correlación de Kendall para hallar asociación entre variables. Se obtuvo como resultados que el 52,4 % fueron varones, se encontró una prevalencia de 20,8% de sobrepeso y 39,9 % de obesidad, además de obesidad abdominal en 24,3%. Entre las dislipidemias se encontró hipertrigliceridemia en 33,5%, hipercolesterolemia en 7,3%, colesterol LDL elevado en 5,1% y el colesterol HDL disminuido en 4,2%. Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) de todos los indicadores antropométricos con alteración del colesterol LDL, colesterol no HDL y triglicéridos. Se concluye que la alteración de indicadores antropométricos en la obesidad infantil como el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de cintura y el índice cintura/talla se relaciona a diferentes formas de dislipidemias.
Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Three Greek Children: a Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Dettoraki Athina , Charalampopoulos Georgios , Michalopoulou Aikaterini , Liassis Nikolaos , Lykopoulou Evangelia , Maras Dimitrios , Pergantou Helen
Published: May 2024

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is underdiagnosed in children/adolescents. We describe three cases of children/adolescents with TOS diagnosed within one year in our Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit: 1) a 14-year-old girl with sudden onset of left arm oedema- thrombosis of the left subclavian vein and filling defect in both subclavian veins due to an elongated C7 transverse process, 2) a 13-year-old swimming champion with sudden onset of right arm oedema and 3) an eight-year-old girl with left arm discomfort (already on anticoagulation due to cerebral sinovenous thrombosis) and complete outflow interruption of the left subclavian vein. All three girls have been on anticoagulation for 18, 6 and 4 months respectively without symptoms. Conclusion: These three cases underline physicians TOS awareness concluding in diagnosing in children/ adolescents and demonstrate a clinically satisfying outcome of pediatric TOS with initially conservative treatment, surgery planning and continuing follow-up.
Evaluation of Adversarial Adjudication and Divorce Mediation as Options for High-conflict Parents Experiencing Divorce
Authors: Ellis Desmond
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the claim that participation in adversarial adjudication and divorce mediation is an appropriate option for low and high conflict couples respectively. Defining conflict in a way that conflates conflict with indicators of different type of violence is a major reason for not supporting this claim because it negates the possibility of assessing the intensity of conflict (low/high) independently of its indicators. In addition to content subsumed under Definition, evidence and argument presented under four other subheadings do not support the claim. The paper ends with a segment sub-headed Conclusion.
Feasibility of a Group-based Telerehabilitation Intervention for post-COVID Condition Management
Authors: King Meredith F. , Byrne Anthony , Denehy Linda , Graham Petra L. , Douglas Benjamin , de Toni Priscilla , Santos Angelo R. , Kitson Emily , Pang Alison , M. Bartos Elena , Plit Marshall , Mungovan Sean F.
Published: May 2024

Background and objective: The prevalence and chronic nature of post-COVID condition (PCC) burden requires a better understanding of effective rehabilitation interventions in large scale clinical trials. Telerehabilitation exercise-based interventions are effective in other chronic disease groups. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a physiotherapist-supervised group telerehabilitation exercise intervention for PCC management. Methods: Individuals presenting with PCC symptoms, defined as persistent dyspnoea, fatigue or chest pain, beyond 4 months (120 days) post COVID-19 diagnosis and had not undertaken exercise training three months prior to randomisation into the trial were included. Participants were randomised to receive either i) a twice-weekly 45 min physiotherapist-supervised group telerehabilitation exercise sessions via the Zoom teleconferencing platform for ten weeks or iii) continue with usual care. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment rate, adherence, completion rate, adverse events and technological issues. Exploratory clinical outcomes including exercise capacity, fatigue and health-related quality of life were assessed. Results: 21 participants with mean age 53 ± 14 yrs were recruited 365 ± 67 days after a diagnosis of COVID-19. The recruitment rate was 39% of possible participants. The telerehabilitation participants completed 18 ± 2 sessions, with 100% completing 16 sessions or more. There were no adverse events and two technological problems reported for the intervention group. Nine (82%) of the intervention group completed the follow-up assessments. Conclusion: Supervised group telerehabilitation is feasible and safe for PCC management. Future trials are required to investigate the efficacy and generalizability of the supervised group-based telerehabilitation exercise intervention for PCC management.
The endaural subtemporal keyhole: a novel minimally invasive approach to the middle cranial fossa
Authors: Olszewski Adam M. , Hattar Ellina , Curry Steven D. , Peng Kevin A. , Lekovic Gregory P.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a minimally invasive approach to the middle cranial fossa using a novel endaural keyhole.

METHODS

The charts of all patients who underwent this novel minimally invasive approach to the middle cranial fossa were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, cadaveric dissection was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the endaural keyhole to the middle cranial fossa.

RESULTS

Six patients (5 female and 1 male; age range 47–77 years) who underwent craniotomy for CSF leak (n = 3), intracerebral hematoma evacuation (n = 2), and tumor resection (n = 1) via the endaural subtemporal approach were identified. There were no approach-related complications noted. Representative imaging from cadaveric dissection is provided with a stepwise discussion of the procedure.

CONCLUSIONS

The endaural subtemporal keyhole craniotomy provides a novel approach to middle fossa skull base pathology, as well as a minimally invasive approach to intra-axial pathology of the temporal lobe and basal ganglia. Further research is needed to establish the limitations and potential complications of this novel approach.
How the elastase-induced rabbit aneurysm heals following flow diverter treatment: a histopathological study
Authors: Dai Daying , Bilgin Cem , Ding Yonghong , Ghozy Sherief , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Kallmes David F. , Kadirvel Ramanathan
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Fibrin deposition is integral to thrombus formation and wound healing. The role of fibrin deposition and subsequent metabolism following flow diversion for aneurysm treatment remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fibrin in early thrombus organization after flow diverter treatment.

METHODS

Thirty-five elastase-induced aneurysms were induced in New Zealand white rabbits and subjected to endoluminal flow diversion treatment. The device-bearing arteries were harvested at 1, 3, and 6 months postimplantation and processed for histopathological examination, including a modified picro-Mallory stain (Carstairs method) to visualize fibrin and platelets, immunohistochemical targeting of smooth muscle actin (SMA), and H&E staining for conventional morphological evaluation. Quantitative analysis of tissue components was carried out using the Orbit Image Analysis software. The samples were also assessed qualitatively to investigate the morphology and location of fibrin and other thrombus components within the intra-aneurysmal thrombi. Statistical analyses were conducted using R software version 4.3.1.

RESULTS

Fibrin constituted 27.9% of the thrombus tissue within the aneurysm sac for aneurysms harvested at 1 month, and this rate was significantly lower in the 3-month group (10.2%, p = 0.018). The proportion of blood cells within the sac was also notably higher in the 1-month group compared with other time points. The primary tissue filling the dome at 1 month (14/15, 93%) was an unorganized thrombus primarily composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. Conversely, aneurysms harvested at 1 month had the lowest collagen level (25.6%). However, collagen became the dominant tissue component within the aneurysm sac, accounting for 71.8% of tissue in the 3-month group (p = 0.007). There were no differences observed among the examined components between the 3-month and 6-month groups. On qualitative analysis, collagen-producing SMA-positive myofibroblasts were located near or in between fibrin molecules. Healed aneurysms exhibited myofibroblasts, collagen, and a well-organized fibrin network on the aneurysm neck. In contrast, unhealed aneurysms displayed a poorly organized fibrin network with scattered myofibroblasts at the neck area.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicate that fibrin plays a foundational role in the gradual occlusion of aneurysms after flow diverter treatment. Endovascular approaches that enhance fibrin accumulation could potentially improve aneurysm occlusion rates. Further research is needed to establish the precise role of fibrin in aneurysm occlusion.
Development and validation of a novel nomogram for predicting good neoangiogenesis after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in patients with moyamoya disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study
Authors: Li Jing-Jie , Ren Bin , Wang Xiao-Peng , Wang Qian-Nan , Bao Xiang-Yang , Guo Qing-Bao , Kong Zi-Qing , Liu Jia-Qi , Gao Gan , Wang Min-Jie , Liu Si-Meng , Fu He-Guan , Tong Huai-Yu , Duan Lian
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is often linked to poorer outcomes in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, experience has shown that certain individuals with diabetes have favorable outcomes after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS). The authors aimed to develop a nomogram to predict good neoangiogenesis in patients with MMD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to aid neurosurgeons in the identification of suitable candidates for EDAS.

METHODS

Adults with MMD and T2DM who underwent EDAS between June 2004 and December 2018 were included in the analysis. In total, 126 patients (213 hemispheres) with MMD and T2DM from the Fifth Medical Centre of the Chinese PLA General Hospital were included and randomly divided into training (152 hemispheres) and internal validation (61 hemispheres) cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Univariate logistic and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were used to identify the significant factors associated with good neoangiogenesis, which were used to develop a nomogram. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were assessed.

RESULTS

A total of 213 hemispheres in 126 patients were reviewed, including 152 (71.36%) hemispheres with good postoperative collateral formation and 61 (28.64%) with poor postoperative collateral formation. The authors selected 4 predictors (FGD5 rs11128722, VEGFA rs9472135, Suzuki stage, and internal carotid artery [ICA] moyamoya vessels) for nomogram development. The C-indices of the nomogram in the training and internal validation cohorts were 0.873 and 0.841, respectively. The nomogram exhibited a sensitivity of 84.5% and specificity of 81.0%. The positive and negative predictive values were 92.1% and 66.7%, respectively. The calibration curves indicated high predictive accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the superiority of the nomogram. The decision-making analysis validated the fitness and clinical application value of this nomogram. Then a web-based calculator to facilitate clinical application was generated.

CONCLUSIONS

The nomogram developed in this study accurately predicted neoangiogenesis in patients with MMD and T2DM after EDAS and may assist neurosurgeons in identifying suitable candidates for indirect revascularization surgery.
The role of reoperation in pediatric cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Kameda-Smith Michelle M. , Green Katherine , Hutton Dana L. , Jeelani Noor ul Owase , Thompson Dominic N. P. , Hargrave Darren , Aquilina Kristian
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas (cPAs) in childhood have long been recognized to have a good prognosis after total resection, but the outcome after incomplete resective surgery remains largely unpredictable, with the incidence of radiological progressive disease ranging from 18% to 100%. It has been traditionally thought that gross-total resection was required for long-term survival, and small residuals were classically resected in a subsequent operation.

METHODS

The authors analyzed their pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) database for cases treated between 1985 and 2020 and filtered for intracranial PAs, to determine what clinical or radiological factors precipitated revisional resective surgery in their single quaternary care center cohort.

RESULTS

Using the pediatric low-grade glioma database, 283 patients were identified to have a histopathological diagnosis of intracranial PA between 1985 and 2020, of which 200 lesions were within the cerebellum (70.7%). The majority of patients with cPA were between 1 and 10 years of age (n = 145, 72.5%) without gender predominance (M/F = 99:101), usually presenting with 1 lesion (n = 197, 98.5%). Gross-total resection was achieved in 74.5% (n = 149) of initial surgeries for cPA. In patients with subtotal resection, the mean largest diameter of the postoperative residual tumor was 1.06 cm (range 0–2.95 cm). Seven patients with subtotal resection did not require a second resective intervention. In 31 patients the neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team recommended a second resection at a mean time interval of 22.9 months (range 0.13–81.6 months) from the initial surgery. Proportionally, the children who underwent multiple resections were also more likely to receive adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy. Functionally, the children in the multiple operation cohort experienced more complications of therapy including ongoing endocrinopathy, treatment-associated hearing deficit, and neurocognitive deficits.

CONCLUSIONS

Residual disease in cPA should be maintained under clinicocoradiological surveillance postoperatively with adoption of a more conservative approach when residual disease is not significantly changing over time.
Predictive value of different site-specific MRI-based assessments of bone quality for cage subsidence among patients undergoing oblique lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Tong Tong , Li Wenshuai , Chen Junyi , Zhu Houze , Wang Yunsheng , Wang Linfeng
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of different site-specific MRI-based assessments of bone quality for cage subsidence among patients undergoing oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) with or without posterior internal fixation.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent OLIF between 2017 and 2022. Endplate bone quality (EBQ), mean vertebral bone quality (MVBQ), and vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scores were measured using preoperative non–contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI of the lumbar spine. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with cage subsidence. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the value of different site-specific MRI-based assessments of bone quality in predicting cage subsidence.

RESULTS

Of the 124 patients who underwent OLIF, subsidence was found in 42 (33.9%). The VBQ, MVBQ, and EBQ scores were higher in the subsidence group than in the no-subsidence group. In the stand-alone OLIF (SA-OLIF) group, logistic regression analysis showed that the EBQ score was significantly associated with subsidence (OR 13.656, 95% CI 2.561–72.806; p = 0.002). Furthermore, the areas under the curve (AUCs) for using the VBQ, MVBQ, and EBQ scores and T-score to predict cage subsidence were 0.684, 0.683, 0.745, and 0.685, respectively. In the OLIF with posterior internal fixation (OLIF-PF) group, logistic regression analysis showed that the MVBQ score was significantly associated with subsidence (OR 8.301, 95% CI 2.064–33.385; p = 0.003). The AUCs for using the VBQ score, MVBQ score, and T-score to predict cage subsidence were 0.757, 0.774, and 0.685, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

There are significant differences in the predictive value of different site-specific bone quality assessments for cage subsidence among patients undergoing OLIF. For SA-OLIF, the EBQ score is recommended, while for OLIF-PF, the VBQ score is preferable.
Variation of practice in the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Spine Section study
Authors: Kramer Andreas , G. Thavarajasingam Santhosh , Neuhoff Jonathan , Davies Benjamin M. , Demetriades Andreas K. , Shiban Ehab , Ringel Florian
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The incidence of spondylodiscitis is rising across Europe, but the ideal treatment approach remains controversial. The choice between conservative and surgical therapies is ambiguous due to a lack of consensus. This European survey aimed to explore prevailing treatment paradigms for primary spondylodiscitis.

METHODS

Spine neurosurgeons were invited through the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Spine Section’s mailing list to participate in an online survey featuring 7 spondylodiscitis case vignettes. Along with general management queries, specific patient treatment questions were posed. Data analysis was performed using R software (version 4.0.4). The index of qualitative variation (IQV) was calculated to quantify the variability in responses.

RESULTS

A total of 130 responses were collected, comprising 86.9% board-certified neurosurgeons and 13.1% neurosurgeons in training, with an average of 11 years of practice. Most respondents performed 50–100 spine surgeries annually, with 66.7% specializing in spine surgery. An epidural empyema causing pronounced neurological deficits influenced 95.4% toward a surgical intervention, and mild neurological deficits and challenges in pathogen identification prompted 72.3% and 80%, respectively, to consider a surgical approach. Vertebral body destruction and spinal deformity directed 60% and 66.2%, respectively, toward surgery, whereas advanced age and comorbidities had a much smaller impact—5.4% and 9.2%, respectively. Clinical vignettes highlighted a predominant preference for conservative treatment in specific cases, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The IQV values evaluated for each question ranged from 0.88 to 0.99, indicating low agreement across all questions among respondents. When examining the average IQV by country, intercountry variations in IQV were substantial, as illustrated by the diverse range of overall mean IQV values (0.15–0.85).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings reveal a significant variability in the treatment of spondylodiscitis among European neurosurgeons, with most neurosurgeons opting for conservative treatment. These diverse strategies, both between and within countries, highlight an imperative for evidence-backed guidelines and consensus statements for this grave condition.