bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR WALLS FASTENING TECHNOLOGIES OF WORKING TRENCH BY THE SPECIAL METHOD “SLURRY WALL” FOR SHALLOW SUBWAYS’ STATIONS
Authors: Borshchevskiy S. V. , Petrenko V. D. , Tiutkin O. L. , Kulazhenko Ye. Yu. , Kulazhenko O. M.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. It’s necessary to carry out justification of fastening technology and the choice of the optimal variant, creating dependency diagrams of moving for idealized cases by means of automated methods of calculations. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the finite element solid models, which reflect the design of the working trench for the shallow subways’ stations, with four ways to fix the “slurry wall”, as well as a calculation and analysis of the stress-strain state of structures and fixtures calculated using the complex with using the finite element method (FEM) is built in the software package SCAD. Findings. The analysis of the stress-strain state and movements of various fundamental systems of soil nailing and comparing the results by displaying the calculations results of main and equivalent stresses, using the built-in postprocessors in software package SCAD. Namely, were identified extreme tensions arising in the wall and strut rail. It is built the tables and the resulting graph of behavior of the structural fastening condition; the parameters change of the surrounding array on the base of the research. It is possible to analyze and compare the operation of different constructions of slopes fastening of working trench by means of their help. Originality. In solving this problem have been analyzed and studied the behavior of the structure fastening the «slurry wall», and its stress-strain state, the location and the fastening areas that need further elaboration, study and introduction of measures to strengthen the construction of fences and auxiliary fixing elements, presented with metal strut rail. Practical value. In the era of highly advanced building technologies in the construction of underground facilities with using the special method of “slurry wall” the question arises about the quick selection of optimal parameters, elements and methods of securing its walls from excessive strain and avoidance of displacement to the calculation of possible combinations of permanent loads from soil in the construction of the working trench.
OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC TRAINS ER1, ER2 BEYOND DESIGNED SERVICE LIFE
Authors: Gorobets V. L. , Bondarev O. M. , Skoblenko V. M.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. The aim is to develop the scientific substantiation technical regulation of measures and conditions in electric trains, series ER1, ER2 beyond the extended period of operation life (over 50 years). Methodology. To achieve this goal the scientific publications analysis on the survivability of the basic elements of supporting constructions that are loaded with dynamic alternating loads was carried out. The results analysis of vibration bench tests of bogie frames of electric trains ER1, ER2, which were obtained by using the developed technique for such tests with authors, was carried out too. Technical solutions with appropriate measures under which it is possible to extend the operation life of bearing structures of electric trains ER1 and ER2 were developed over 50 years. Findings. Results were obtained on the complex basis of conducted experimental and theoretical research. They have promoted to the working out the methodology for assessing the period of crack development in the tensest points of main bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies of electric trains ER1, ER2 with achieving their dangerous sizes. This allowed developing a technical regulation measures to ensure the safe operation of the main bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies of electric trains ER1, ER2 beyond 50 years. Originality. To ensure the safe trains operation, series ER1, ER2 the method estimation of crack development term in the tensest points of bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies with achieving their dangerous sizes was worked out. Practical value. The technical regulation of measures ensuring the safe operation of the main bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies of electric trains ER1, ER2 beyond 50 years was developed.
Alzheimer's 100th anniversary of death and his contribution to a better understanding of Senile dementia
Authors: Engelhardt Eliasz , Gomes Marleide da Mota
Published: February 2015

Initially the trajectory of the historical forerunners and conceptions of senile dementia are briefly presented, being highlighted the name of Alois Alzheimer who provided clinical and neuropathological indicators to differentiate a group of patients with Senile dementia. Alzheimer's examination of Auguste D’s case, studied by him with Bielschowsky’s silver impregnation technique, permitted to identify a pathological marker, the intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, characterizing a new disease later named after him by Kraepelin – Alzheimer’s disease. Over the time this disorder became one of the most important degenerative dementing disease, reaching nowadays a status that may be considered as epidemic.
Tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of ovarian hormones to induce anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats
Authors: Azizi-Malekabadi Hamid , Pourganji Masoume , Zabihi Hoda , Saeedjalali Mohsen , Hosseini Mahmoud
Published: February 2015

The effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on anxiety and depression-like behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) and naïve female rats were investigated. The animals were divided into Sham-TAM, OVX-TAM, Sham and OVX groups. Tamoxifen (1 mg/kg) was administered for 4 weeks. In the forced swimming test, the immobility times in the OVX and Sham-TAM groups were higher than in the Sham group. In the open field, the numbers of central crossings in the OVX and Sham-TAM groups were lower than the number in the Sham group, and the number of peripheral crossings in the OVX group was lower than the number in the Sham group. In the elevated plus maze, the numbers of entries to the open arm among the animals in the Sham-TAM and OVX groups were lower than the number in the Sham group, while the number of entries to the open arm in the OVX-TAM group was higher than the number in the OVX group. It was shown that deletion of ovarian hormones induced anxiety and depression-like behavior. Administration of tamoxifen in naïve rats led to anxiety and depression-like behavior that was comparable with the effects of ovarian hormone deletion. It can be suggested that tamoxifen antagonizes the effects of ovarian hormones. It also seems that tamoxifen has anxiolytic effects on ovariectomized rats.
Ultrasound evaluation on carpal tunnel syndrome before and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Castro Adham do Amaral e , Skare Thelma Larocca , Nassif Paulo Afonso Nunes , Sakuma Alexandre Kaue , Ariede Bruno Luiz , Barros Wagner Haese
Published: February 2015

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in candidates for bariatric surgery comparing with the non-obese population and verify the effects on it of bariatric treatment. Methods:We studiedthree groups of individuals: 1) patients waiting for bariatric surgery (preoperative); 2) individuals who had already undergone the procedure (postoperative); and 3) control group. We collected demographic and clinical data of carpal tunnel syndrome. The Ultrasound examination was carried out to diagnose the syndrome by measuring the median nerve area. Results:We included 329 individuals (114 in the preoperative group, 90 in the postoperative group and 125 controls). There was a higher prevalence of paresthesias (p=0.0003), clinical tests (p=0.0083) on the preoperative group when compared with controls (p<0.00001). There were lowe levels of paresthesias (p=0.0002) and median nerve area (p=0.04) in postoperative patients but with no significant difference in general. A significant difference was found between the preoperative and postoperative groups (p=0.05) in those who performed non-manual work.Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in the preoperative group compared with the control one, but no significant difference was observed between the pre and postoperative groups in general. There was difference between pre and postoperative groups for non-manual workers.
Papillary neoplasias of the biliary tract
Authors: Resende Vivian , Santos João Paulo Lemos da Silveira , Gomes Rodrigo Vieira , Vidigal Paula Vieira Teixeira , Pedrosa Moisés Salgado
Published: February 2015

The authors conducted a revisional study of intraepithelial papillary lesions of the bile ducts, characterized by being a kind of rare, intraductal growing cholangiocarcinoma. Articles published in the last 10 years were reviewed. The authors considered that the adenoma-carcinoma development is an important feature to warrant prophylactic measures through excisions. The histological type and biomolecular behavior may have relevance in the postoperative course of such lesions, which have a better prognosis when compared with other histological types.
ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM CAPIM-MASSAI: MORFOGÊNESE E PRODUÇÃO
Authors: Martuscello Janaina Azevedo , Silva Luciana Pontes da , Cunha Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira da , Batista Ana Catharina dos Santos , Braz Thiago Gomes dos Santos , Ferreira Paulo Sérgio
Published: February 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfogênicas e estruturais bem como a produção de biomassa de plantas de Panicum maximumcv. Massai sob doses de nitrogênio. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (0, 80, 160 e 240 kg de N/ha) e quatro repetições, em parcelas de 4 m2. A adubação nitrogenada foi aplicada parceladamente, de acordo como os tratamentos. Plantas de capim-massai responderam linear e positivamente à adubação nitrogenada com aumento significativo nas taxas de alongamento, aparecimento e senescência de folhas e alongamento de colmo bem como no número de folhas vivas por perfilhos e no comprimento final da lâmina. Por outro lado, a adubação nitrogenada diminui o filocrono e a duração de vida das folhas em capim-massai, o que indica efeito direto do nitrogênio no fluxo de tecidos. Observou-se efeito linear e positivo da adubação nitrogenada para massa seca total, de folhas e de colmos, não tendo sido observado efeito para massa seca de material morto. A adubação nitrogenda influencia o perfilhamento, a morfogênese e a produção de biomassa em plantas de capim-massai.
ENFERMIDADES DIAGNOSTICADAS NA GENITÁLIA EXTERNA DE TOUROS: ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO (2007– 2013)
Authors: Rabelo Rogério Elias , Silva Luiz Antônio Franco da , Vulcani Valcinir Aloísio Scalla , Sant'Ana Fabiano José Ferreira de , Assis Bruno Moraes , Rabbers Andressa Sabine
Published: February 2015

Apesar da importância de se conhecerem os dados epidemiológicos sobre as enfermidades que acometem a genitália externa de touros, poucas investigações têm sido conduzidas sobre o tema. Este trabalho objetiva realizar um estudo epidemiológico de enfermidades diagnosticadas na genitália externa de touros, em 215 propriedades rurais distribuídas nas cinco mesorregiões do Estado de Goiás, Brasil, entre os anos de 2007 e 2013. Pôde-se notar que o maior número de casos foi verificado na mesorregião do sudoeste goiano (64%), seguida do noroeste de Goiás (18,5%). Verificou-se que, dos touros afetados, 156 (71,89%) eram zebuínos, 47 (21,66%) taurinos e 14 (6,45%) mestiços. Dentre as enfermidades, a acropostite-fimose se destacou, seguida do fibropapiloma de glande, abscesso prepucial e fratura peniana. Confirmaram-se como fatores de risco, aspectos multifatoriais, com destaque para a condição morfológicas dos animais, ambiente, manejo e os traumas. Em muitos casos, a ausência ou o número insuficiente de médicos veterinários capacitados que atuam no campo foi mencionado como um dos principais pontos de estrangulamento para a realização do diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção das enfermidades, o que evitaria o descarte prematuro dos animais.
USO DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS NO CONTROLE DOS SINAIS CLÍNICOS DAS DIARREIAS NEONATAIS EM LEITÕES NASCIDOS DE FÊMEAS COM DIFERENTES ORDENS DE PARTO
Authors: Rossi Carlos Augusto , Soares Marcelo , Luchese Franciele Camila , Santurio Janio Morais
Published: February 2015

Este estudo avaliou a emulsão líquida de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis labiatae) no controle dos sinais clínicos da diarreia neonatal em leitões. Foram monitorados 1.334 leitões lactentes, com peso vivo médio inicial de 1,5kg, quanto aos sinais clínicos de diarreia neonatal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e com três tratamentos (T): (T1) controle (solução fisiológica), (T2) mescla dos óleos essenciais e (T3) enrofloxacina. Os animais que receberam o T1 apresentaram sinais clínicos característicos de diarreia diferindo (P<0,01) dos demais tratamentos. O percentual de cura da diarreia dos leitões não diferiu (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos, independente da ordem de partos (OP) das mães. Já leitões com sinais clínicos de diarreia, nascidos de fêmeas com OP inferior a três apresentaram maior percentual de cura (74,6%), se comparados aos leitões diarreicos de fêmeas com OP entre três e cinco (68,2%) e superior a cinco (56,4%). As análises microbiológicas das fezes e histológicas do epitélio ileal não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,01) entre os tratamentos. A emulsão com óleos essenciais de orégano e alecrim (2mL kg-1), para leitões entre zero e o oito dias de vida, pode vir a substituir a enrofloxacina no controle dos sinais clínicos das diarreias neonatais.
REPLACEMENT OF CHOLINE CHLORIDE BY A VEGETAL SOURCE OF CHOLINE IN DIETS FOR BROILERS
Authors: Calderano Arele Arlindo , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Rodrigueiro Ramalho José Barbosa , César Ricardo Andrade
Published: February 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a vegetal source of choline as a replacement of choline chloride in the diet for broilers from one to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age. In the first experiment, we used 1500 Cobb male broilers at one day of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with ten treatments, five repetitions and 30 birds per experimental unit. In the second experiment, we used 1000 Cobb male broiler at 22 days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with ten treatments, five repetitions and 20 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of five levels of choline chloride 60% (400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 mg kg-1) and five levels of vegetal source of choline (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg kg-1). There was no difference between the performance parameters of broilers in the periods of one to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age. The use of up to 100 mg kg-1 of a vegetal source of choline can replace the use of choline chloride, in the studied levels, in corn-soybean meal diets for broilers from one to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age.
Conceitos básicos para um gerenciamento de enfermagem baseado na filosofia da qualidade total
Authors: Yamarchi Nanci Itaomi , Munhoz Cibele Helena Ferrero
Published: February 2015

O trabalho resulta de revisão bibliográfica e versa sobre as premissas básicas para que a implantação da "Gerência da Qualidade Total" na área hospitalar tenha maior chance de sucesso, apontando focos como papel de liderança, adequação no uso de indicadores e instrumentos, mudança cultural, melhoria contínua da qualidade por toda a empresa, satisfação do cliente, crescimento do ser humano na organização, educação e treinamento, utilização correta da estatística, custos e peculiaridades dos profissionais de saúde na adesão à filosofia como pontos chaves a serem compreendidos para enfrentar o desafio e vencê-lo
Programa de assistência domiciliar do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Andreoni Sandra , Silva Sandra Honorato da , Fernandes Rosa Aurea Quintella
Published: February 2015

O trabalho descreve o planejamento e um Programa de Assistência (P.A.D.), a ser implantado no Hospital Universitário da USP. A finalidade do P.A.D. será prestar assistência domiciliar multiprofissional a pacientes com um perfil pré-estabelecido, contemplando a visão holística do homem e considerando a influência positiva de sua permanência no ambiente familiar.Descreve os critérios para o ingresso do paciente no progama, apresenta o fluxograma e os procedimentos para a assistência domiciliária. Apresenta a proposta assistencial de enfermagem, os instrumentos a serem utilizados na entrevista e visita domiciária, planejamento dos recursos humanos e materiais necessários à consecução dessa assistência.
Profile and follow-up of patients with tuberculosis in a priority city in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Jisleny da Cruz , Silva Marcio Roberto , Costa Ronaldo Rodrigues da , Guimarães Mark Drew Crosland , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cases of tuberculosis and the impact of direct follow-up on the assessment of treatment outcomes.METHODS This open prospective cohort study evaluated 504 cases of tuberculosis reported in the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN – Notifiable Diseases Information System) in Juiz de Fora, MG, Southeastern Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. The incidence of treatment outcomes was compared between a group of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and directly followed up by monthly consultations during return visits (287) and a patient group for which the information was indirectly collected (217) through the city’s surveillance system. The Chi-square test was used to compare the percentages, with a significance level of 0.05. The relative risk (RR) was used to evaluate the differences in the incidence rate of each type of treatment outcome between the two groups.RESULTS Of the outcomes directly and indirectly evaluated, 18.5% and 3.2% corresponded to treatment default and 3.8% and 0.5% corresponded to treatment failure, respectively. The incidence of treatment default and failure was higher in the group with direct follow-up (p < 0.05) (RR = 5.72, 95%CI 2.65;12.34, and RR = 8.31, 95%CI 1.08;63.92, respectively).CONCLUSIONS A higher incidence of treatment default and failure was observed in the directly followed up group, and most of these cases were neglected by the disease reporting system. Therefore, effective measures are needed to improve the control of tuberculosis and data quality.
Effects of acupressure on progress of labor and cesarean section rate: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mafetoni Reginaldo Roque , Shimo Antonieta Keiko Kakuda
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of acupressure at the SP6 point on labor duration and cesarean section rates in parturients served in a public maternity hospital.METHODS This controlled, randomized, double-blind, pragmatic clinical trial involved 156 participants with gestational age ≥ 37 weeks, cervical dilation ≥ 4 cm, and ≥ 2 contractions in 10 min. The women were randomly divided into an acupressure, placebo, or control group at a university hospital in an inland city in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 2013. Acupressure was applied to the SP6 point during contractions for 20 min.RESULTS The average labor duration was significantly different between the SP6 acupressure group [221.5 min (SD = 162.4)] versus placebo [397.9 min (SD = 265.6)] and versus control [381.9 min (SD = 358.3)] (p = 0.0047); however, the groups were similar regarding the cesarean section rates (p = 0.2526) and Apgar scores in the first minute (p = 0.9542) and the fifth minute (p = 0.7218) of life of the neonate.CONCLUSIONS The SP6 acupressure point proved to be a complementary measure to induce labor and may shorten the labor duration without causing adverse effects to the mother or the newborn. However, it did not affect the cesarean section rate.
Intimate partner violence after the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases
Authors: Andrade Roumayne Fernandes Vieira , Araújo Maria Alix Leite , Vieira Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza , Reis Cláudia Bastos Silveira , Miranda Angélica Espinosa
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence after the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fortaleza, CE, Northeastern Brazil, in 2012 and involved 221 individuals (40.3% male and 59.7% female) attended to at reference health care units for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Data were collected using a questionnaire applied during interviews with each participant. A multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model was conducted using the stepwise technique. Only the variables with a p value < 0.05 were included in the adjusted analysis. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as the measure of effect.RESULTS A total of 30.3% of the participants reported experiencing some type of violence (27.6%, psychological; 5.9%, physical; and 7.2%, sexual) after the diagnosis of sexually transmitted disease. In the multivariate analysis adjusted to assess intimate partner violence after the revelation of the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, the following variables remained statistically significant: extramarital relations (OR = 3.72; 95%CI 1.91;7.26; p = 0.000), alcohol consumption by the partner (OR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.08;4.33; p = 0.026), history of violence prior to diagnosis (OR = 2.87; 95%CI 1.44;5.69; p = 0.003), and fear of disclosing the diagnosis to the partner (OR = 2.66; 95%CI 1.32;5.32; p = 0.006).CONCLUSIONS Individuals who had extramarital relations, experienced violence prior to the diagnosis of sexually transmitted disease, feared disclosing the diagnosis to the partner, and those whose partner consumed alcohol had an increased likelihood of suffering violence. The high prevalence of intimate partner violence suggests that this population is vulnerable and therefore intervention efforts should be directed to them. Referral health care services for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases can be strategic places to identify and prevent intimate partner violence.
International cooperation for science and technology development: a way forward for equity in health
Authors: Andrade Priscila Almeida , Carvalho Denise Bomtempo Birche de
Published: February 2015

Since 1990, international organizations have been increasingly involved in building an international sub-regime for research, development and innovation in health. This article analyzes the priorities of developing countries in health since the 1990s. It is a descriptive and analytical study that investigates the literature and contributions of key informants. Calling for the end of global inequities in the support for science and technology in health, international organizations recommend that developing countries focus their efforts on neglected diseases and operational research, an insufficient agenda for science and technology cooperation to effectively overcome the vulnerabilities between countries
The Juscelino Kubitschek government and the Brazilian Malaria Control and Eradication Working Group: collaboration and conflicts in Brazilian and international health agenda, 1958-1961
Authors: Silva Renato da , Paiva Carlos Henrique Assunção
Published: February 2015

Malaria, a disease which was under control in the beginning of Juscelino Kubitschek government, became the most important endemic disease in 1958, when Brazil made a commitment with the World Health Organization to convert its control programs into eradication programs. For this purpose a Malaria Control and Eradication Group was set up under the leadership of the malaria specialist Mário Pinotti. Malaria would become an important bargaining chip in the context of the development policies of Kubitschek. This article focuses on path of the Malaria Control and Eradication Working Group in Brazil, in its varying relationships with the arguments and guidelines established at international level
Fiocruz as an actor in Brazilian foreign relations in the context of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries: an untold story
Authors: Roa Alejandra Carrillo , Silva Felipe Ricardo Baptista e
Published: February 2015

Brazilian foreign policy paradigms and changes in the global scenario since the Cold War created conditions for stronger ties between Brazil and Portuguese-speaking African countries. Recently, Brazil took the lead in regional integration processes and in South-South cooperation initiatives. These strategies and Fiocruz's acknowledged technical expertise resulted in its direct involvement in Brazilian foreign public health policy in the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries. Fiocruz developed cooperation projects in various areas, sharing its know-how and best practices in the most critical fields in partner countries, consolidating "public health framework cooperation" and contributing to diversifying Brazil's partners and promoting Brazil as a global actor.
La "cultura de la sobrevivencia" y la salud pública internacional en América Latina: la Guerra Fría y la erradicación de enfermedades a mediados del siglo XX
Authors: Cueto Marcos
Published: February 2015

Este artículo analiza las principales campañas promovidas por agencias internacionales y organismos nacionales de salud dirigidas a erradicar enfermedad infecciosas en el ámbito rural latinoamericano de los años 1940 y 1950. Las dimensiones políticas del periodo han sido estudiadas pero todavía se ha prestado poca atención a sus dimensiones sanitarias. Este trabajo propone el concepto de "cultura de la sobrevivencia" para explicar los problemas de la salud pública oficial de Estados con políticas sociales limitadas que no permitieron el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. La salud pública, como parte de esta cultura de la sobrevivencia, buscaba ser una solución temporal sin enfrentarse a los problemas sociales que originaban las infecciones y dejó un legado en la salud pública de la región.
Washington y Ginebra llegan a Buenos Aires: notas sobre la historia del hábito de fumar y su medicalización
Authors: Armus Diego
Published: February 2015

Durante gran parte del siglo XX tanto los gobiernos civiles como los militares no encontraron en el tabaquismo un tema prioritario. Recién en la última década del siglo el movimiento internacional contra el cigarrillo, liderado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, organizaciones norteamericanas y académicos, empezó a tener algún impacto en la escena política argentina. Fue en ese contexto que un nuevo grupo profesional logró impulsar la constitución de un amplio bloque político antitabaco. En ese proceso, el voluntarismo centrado en programas individuales para dejar de fumar que había marcado gran parte de las iniciativas del siglo XX, terminó desplazado por políticas públicas destinadas a producir ambientes libres de humo y a combatir la exposición pasiva al humo de tabaco ajeno.
ESTIMATING PRECISION OF SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING IN FOREST INVENTORIES
Authors: Mello José Marcio de , Scolforo Henrique Ferraço , Raimundo Marcel Régis , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Oliveira Antônio Donizette de , Filho Antônio Carlos Ferraz
Published: February 2015

The sampling technique commonly used in forest inventories is the systematic sampling. This study aimed to evaluate the estimator of the variance of the mean proposed by Cochran for a systematic sampling technique in forests with high and low percentages of the sampled area. The study areas comprised native vegetation in Minas Gerais. To assess the efficiency of the estimators in situations involving high sampling rates (determined as the percentage of the area sampled), a fragment where a census was conducted was used. The remaining fragments comprised situations involving low sampling rates, and for these fragments, inventory accuracy was determined using the Cochran estimator. As a result it was observed, in the fragment where the census was conducted, that the structure of the correlation coefficient proposed by Cochran remained approximately constant for the area, and to the extent that sampling rate reduced, the impact of the Cochran estimator on the inventory accuracy decreased. For the fragments with a low sampling rate, it could be inferred that the sampling rate was a key factor for the correlation proposed by Cochran to have an impact on the forest inventory accuracy. The use of this estimator is indicated for fragments with a sampling rate greater than 10% of the area.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL MODELING OF WATER EROSION IN DYSTROPHIC RED LATOSOL (OXISOL) USED FOR FARMING AND CATTLE RAISING ACTIVITIES IN A SUB-BASIN IN THE SOUTH OF MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Olivetti Diogo , Mincato Ronaldo Luiz , Ayer Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Curi Nilton
Published: February 2015

Water erosion is one of the most important soil degradation processes and it can be intensified by land use and vegetal covering changes. Thus, water erosion modeling studies associated to multi temporal analyses of land use are effective in assessing how changes in land cover affects sediment yield. Therefore, considering the modifications in the land use from 1986 to 2011, the aim of this study ranged to estimate water erosion rates and compare them to the soil loss tolerance (SLT) limit in the Latosols (Oxisols) at Ribeirão Caçús sub-basin, in the South of Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil, by means of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in association with the geographic information system (GIS), and geostatistical techniques. So, for each year mapped, soil loss averages were compared by t test at 5% significance to assess the soil degradation stage. The results indicated that, in the period, the soil loss average rate was from 2.4 to 2.6 Mg ha-1 year-1 and the areas with soil loss above the limit of SLT were around 8.0%. The t test demonstrated there was no considerable difference among the soil loss averages (p = 0.18). In consequence, the area of degraded soils did not increase. Thus, the RUSLE model in GIS is a simple and useful tool to estimate the soil loss and help define soil conservation and recovery measures.
CRAMBE CAKE (Crambe abyssinica hochst) ON LAMB DIETS
Authors: Canova Érika Breda , Bueno Mauro Sartori , Moreira Heverton Luis , Possenti Rosana , Brás Patrícia
Published: February 2015

The use of alternative feedstuffs in animal diet, such as residues derived from the biodiesel production aims to increase productivity and reduce costs in animal production. Them aim of this study was to evaluate the substitution effect of 0, 22, 44 and 64% of soybean meal protein by Crambe cake (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) protein in lamb diet. In the in vivo experiment, 20 lambs were used and evaluated the apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and voluntary DM intake. The replacement of the protein resulted in a linear decrease in apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose (CEL) and the percentage of total digestible nutrients (TDN), which resulted in decreased daily DM intake. The blood level of urea, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were not affected. In vitro gas production technique (GP) evaluation of diets showed a significantly decrease (P<0.05) of the total gas and methane production without altering the true degradability of DM and OM and the partition factor (PF). Replacement of soybean meal protein by the Crambe cake protein decreased digestibility of the fiber fraction of the diet, the voluntary intake of DM and methane, without altering rumen fermentation. Crambe cake can be utilized as lamb's food, because, despite reduced intake, assure a large energy intake and similarity to soybean meal protein.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF EGGS PACKED UNDER MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Giampietro-Ganeco Aline , Borba Hirasilva , Scatolini-Silva Aline Mary , Boiago Marcel Manente , Souza Pedro Alves de , Mello Juliana Lolli Malagoli de
Published: February 2015

Eggs are perishable foods and lose quality quickly if not stored properly. From the moment of posture to the marketing of egg, quality loss occurs through gas exchange and water through the pores of the shell with the external environment and thus, studies involving modified atmosphere packaging are extremely important. The aim of the present study is to assess the internal quality of eggs packed under modified atmosphere and stored at room temperature. Six hundred and twelve fresh commercial eggs from 38-week old Hisex White laying hens were used. The present study was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design in a 4 x 4 + 1 factorial arrangement [vacuum, vacuum with oxygen gas (O2) absorbent, vacuum with oxygen gas (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents, vacuum with oxygen gas (O2) absorbent and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas generator; storage times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), control group (fresh eggs)], with three repetitions (12 eggs each). The following factors were assessed: weight maintenance during storage; Haugh unit; color and yolk index. The modified atmosphere packaging maintained the weight of the eggs during a period of 28 days. Vacuum packaging with O2 absorbent and CO2 gas generator was more efficient in maintenance of egg quality, based on the values of Haugh unit and yolk index. The luminosity of the yolk was preserved during the 28 storage days in all of the packaging types used. The vacuum packaging with O2 gas absorbent and CO2 gas generator provide an increase in internal egg quality.
Application of Linear Discriminant Analysis to the Nasometric Assessment of Resonance Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: de Boer Gillian , Bressmann Tim
Published: February 2015

Objective

Nasalance scores have traditionally been used to assess hypernasality. However, resonance disorders are often complex, and hypernasality and nasal obstruction may co-occur in patients with cleft palate. In this study, normal speakers simulated different resonance disorders, and linear discriminant analysis was used to create a tentative diagnostic formula based on nasalance scores for nonnasal and nasal speech stimuli.

Materials and Methods

Eleven female participants were recorded with the Nasometer 6450 while reading nonnasal and nasal speech stimuli. Nasalance measurements were taken of their normal resonance and their simulations of hyponasal, hypernasal, and mixed resonance.

Results

A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a resonance condition–stimuli interaction effect ( P < .001). A linear discriminant analysis of the participants' nasalance scores led to formulas correctly classifying 64.4% of the resonance conditions. When the hyponasal and mixed resonance conditions with obstruction of the less patent nostril were removed from the analysis, the resultant formulas correctly classified 88.6% of the resonance conditions.

Conclusion

The simulations produced distinctive nasalance scores, enabling the creation of formulas that predicted resonance condition above chance level. The preliminary results demonstrate the potential of this approach for the diagnosis of resonance disorders.
Wind and earthquake protection of cable-supported bridges
Authors: Domaneschi Marco , Martinelli Luca , Perotti Federico
Published: February 2015

This paper deals with control strategies for the mitigation of unwanted vibrations in typical medium and long-span cable-supported bridges, aiming to underline general observations and side effects related to the adoption of different control strategies. Two finite-element models of medium and long-span bridges, namely a suspension and a cable-stayed bridge, are developed for simulating the structural response under wind and earthquake excitation. Passive and semi-active control strategies are then implemented in the models for mitigating dynamic effects. Such control schemes have been designed for wind excitation on the suspension bridge, and seismic excitation on the cable-stayed bridge. Attention is initially focused on high-intensity loading conditions, having a low probability of occurrence. The same control strategies and arrangements have then been re-assessed by changing the input intensity; in addition, a cross-check has been performed by addressing earthquake actions on the suspension bridge and wind forces on the cable-stayed bridge. The results have been also analysed in terms of indirect effects, such as fatigue damage.
Programa Hora de Estudo: a formação continuada como conquista e os desafios da adesão
Authors: Cerqueira da Graça Tereza Cristina
Published: February 2015

A partir de documentos institucionais e depoimentos, o artigo descreve o percurso histórico do Programa Hora de Estudo; uma parte destacada da política de formação continuada dos professores da rede municipal de ensino de Aracaju. Instituído nos anos noventa pela Secretaria da Educação, em atendimento as reivindicações do magistério, o programa passou por diversas modificações, visando o engajamento dos professores numa formação voltada para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino. A partir da bibliografia corrente analisa a ausência da maioria dos professores, concluindo que o absenteísmo docente se deve à descontinuidade administrativa, às instabilidades da relação poder público-sindicato e a pouca disposição dos professores em investir na sua própria formação por esta via.
Salto para o Futuro: uma experiência de Políticas Públicas do uso das novas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação para a formação continuada docente
Authors: Ribeiro Kalyne Andrade , Nunes Andrea karla Ferreira , Chagas Alexandre Meneses
Published: February 2015

Este artigo traz a discussão sobre a importância da formação continuada docente através do uso das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Para tanto, apresenta na introdução as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade e na educação com o avanço tecnológico. No desenvolvimento, faz referência ao novo perfil docente exigido, o que endossa a relevância da formação continuada dos professores, enfatiza a significância dos programas de políticas públicas e analisa as contribuições do Programa Salto para o Futuro no Estado de Sergipe.
Health Among Black Children by Maternal and Child Nativity
Authors: Hendi Arun S. , Mehta Neil K. , Elo Irma T.
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined 5 health outcomes among Black children born to US-born and foreign-born mothers and whether differences by mother’s region of birth could be explained by maternal duration of US residence, child’s place of birth, and familial sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods. Data were from the 2000–2011 National Health Interview Surveys. We examined 3 groups of children, based on mother’s region of birth: US origin, African origin, and Latin American or Caribbean origin. We estimated multivariate regression models.

Results. Children of foreign-born mothers were healthier across all 5 outcomes than were children of US-born mothers. Among children of foreign-born mothers, US-born children performed worse on all health outcomes than children born abroad. African-origin children had the most favorable health profile. Longer duration of US residence among foreign-born mothers was associated with poorer child health. Maternal educational attainment and other sociodemographic characteristics did little to explain these differences.

Conclusions. Further studies are needed to understand the role of selective migration and the behavioral, cultural, socioeconomic, and contextual origins of the health advantage of Black children of foreign-born mothers.
The Contribution of National Disparities to International Differences in Mortality Between the United States and 7 European Countries
Authors: van Hedel Karen , Avendano Mauricio , Berkman Lisa F. , Bopp Matthias , Deboosere Patrick , Lundberg Olle , Martikainen Pekka , Menvielle Gwenn , van Lenthe Frank J. , Mackenbach Johan P.
Published: February 2015

Objectives. This study examined to what extent the higher mortality in the United States compared to many European countries is explained by larger social disparities within the United States. We estimated the expected US mortality if educational disparities in the United States were similar to those in 7 European countries.

Methods. Poisson models were used to quantify the association between education and mortality for men and women aged 30 to 74 years in the United States, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland for the period 1989 to 2003. US data came from the National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index and the European data came from censuses linked to national mortality registries.

Results. If people in the United States had the same distribution of education as their European counterparts, the US mortality disadvantage would be larger. However, if educational disparities in mortality within the United States equaled those within Europe, mortality differences between the United States and Europe would be reduced by 20% to 100%.

Conclusions. Larger educational disparities in mortality in the United States than in Europe partly explain why US adults have higher mortality than their European counterparts. Policies to reduce mortality among the lower educated will be necessary to bridge the mortality gap between the United States and European countries.
“It’s Not a Priority When We’re in Combat”: Public Health Professionals and Military Tobacco Control Policy
Authors: Smith Elizabeth A. , Grundy Quinn , Malone Ruth E.
Published: February 2015

Tobacco use is prevalent among service members, but civilian public health groups have not effectively addressed military tobacco control policy issues. We conducted focus groups in 2010 and 2012 with participants from public health and tobacco control organizations regarding their understanding of the military and of tobacco use in that context. Misperceptions were common. Military personnel were believed to be young, from marginalized populations, and motivated to join by lack of other options. Tobacco use was considered integral to military life; participants were sometimes reluctant to endorse stronger tobacco control policies than those applied to civilians, although some believed the military could be a social policy leader. Engaging public health professionals as effective partners in tobacco-free military efforts may require education about and reframing of military service and tobacco control policy.
Buffering Syndemic Effects in a Sexual Risk-Reduction Intervention for Male Clients of Female Sex Workers: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pitpitan Eileen V. , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Semple Shirley J. , Chavarin Claudia V. , Magis-Rodriguez Carlos , Patterson Thomas L.
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We sought to test the efficacy of a sexual risk intervention for male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) and examine whether efficacy was moderated by syndemic risk.

Methods. From 2010 to 2014, we conducted a 2-arm randomized controlled trial (60-minute, theory-based, safer sex intervention versus a didactic time-equivalent attention control) that included 400 male clients of FSWs on the US–Mexico border with follow-up at 4, 8, and 12 months. We measured 5 syndemic risk factors, including substance use and depression. Primary outcomes were sexually transmitted infections incidence and total unprotected sex with FSWs.

Results. Although participants in both groups became safer, there was no significant difference in behavior change between groups. However, baseline syndemic risk moderated intervention efficacy. At baseline, there was a positive association between syndemic risk and unprotected sex. Then at 12 months, longitudinal analyses showed the association depended on intervention participation (B = −0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = –1.22, –0.20; P = .007). Among control participants there still existed this modest association (B = 0.36; 95% CI = –0.49, 1.22; P = .09); among intervention participants there was a significant negative association (B = −0.35; 95% CI = –0.63, –0.06; P = .02).

Conclusion. A brief intervention might attenuate syndemic risks among clients of FSWs. Other populations experiencing syndemic problems may also benefit from such programs.
Advancing Family Health Through the Garden of Eatin’: On-site Food Gardens in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Chaufan Claudia , Yeh Jarmin , Sigal Byron
Published: February 2015

Nutritional practices develop over the life course. Developing healthy habits at an early age can contribute to combating increasing child obesity rates. Through a range of activities that rely on the presence of an on-site food garden, North Bay Children’s Center (NBCC), an early childhood education program, has enacted a “culture of health” into all aspects of the curriculum to promote healthy eating practices among children, families, teachers and staff. NBCC’s garden program serves as a model in early childhood education and as a community-based intervention to improve family health and prevent child obesity.
Old Myths, New Myths: Challenging Myths in Public Health
Authors: Viehbeck Sarah M. , Petticrew Mark , Cummins Steven
Published: February 2015

Myths are widely held beliefs and are frequently perpetuated through telling and retelling. We examined 10 myths in public health research and practice. Where possible, we traced their origins, interrogated their current framing in relation to the evidence, and offered possible alternative ways of thinking about them. These myths focus on the nature of public health and public health interventions, and the nature of evidence in public health. Although myths may have some value, they should not be privileged in an evidence-informed public health context.
Development and Implementation of Client-Centered Nutrition Education Programs in a 4-Stage Framework
Authors: Isbell Matthew G. , Seth Jennifer Greenberg , Atwood Robin Dochen , Ray Tara C.
Published: February 2015

The Texas Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) sought to engage the WIC staff and community in the implementation of relevant and effective client-centered nutrition education. The program was implemented in a 4-stage framework. The collaborative process of developing client-centered nutrition education allowed members to learn from one another, thus ensuring commitment to client-centered nutrition education from all levels of staff. The co-created materials and trainings developed during the implementation played a key role. Evaluation feedback started at the infancy of implementation and gave all community members a stake in developing client-centered nutrition education and an opportunity to be invested in its success, which led to increased execution at the local agency level over the implementation stages.