bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Necessity and Feasibility of Usage-Based Insurance for New Energy Vehicles in China
Authors: Jun Wang , Zhixian Ye
Published: December 2023

Aims: With the continuous development and growth of China's new energy automobile market, new automobile owners desire exclusive auto insurance. However, most insurance companies use traditional automobile commercial auto insurance to cover them. Under this pricing model, there is little overall difference in premiums, regardless of whether the driver's driving behavior is good or not. This paper wants to implement usage-based insurance (UBI) in China because it can add more auxiliary pricing factors, adjust according to the driver's driving behavior changes, and make auto insurance pricing more scientific and fair.

Study Design: This paper employs the literature review and market research methods to analyze the current product supply and consumer demand in the Chinese auto insurance market. Firstly, introduce the current situation of the development of the new energy automobile insurance market in China and its problems. Then, discuss the necessity and feasibility of developing UBI auto insurance for new energy vehicles in China. Finally, based on the reality of China's new energy vehicle UBI auto insurance gives some programs.

Conclusion: This paper finds that from the perspective of insurance companies, consumers, and the social level, UBI auto insurance for new energy automobiles is necessary, and it is also the direction of future auto insurance reform and development. Subsequently, combined with China's current relevant policies and technologies, it is concluded that the development of UBI auto insurance for new energy vehicles in China is feasible.
Growth Performances of Clarias gariepinus Fry Fed Hermetia illucens Based Diet Supplemented with Synthetic Amino Acids (Methionine and Lysine)
Authors: Ruben Ngouana Tadjong , Thierry Anguissi Fils , Raphaël Kana Jean , Alexis Téguia
Published: December 2023

Objective: this study focused on the effect of a local feed supplement with synthetic amino acids (methionine and lysine) on the survival and growth of Clarias gariepinus fry in happas.
Study Design: the study took place at the DJOKWE aquaculture farm located in the Cameroon Littoral Region, Moungo Department, Nkongsamba 1st District.
Methodology: Six (06) local T0- diets without synthetic amino acid negative control, T0+ coppens imported feed positive control, T1 (L1.5/M1) containing 1.5% lysine and 1% methionine, T2 (L1, 5/M1.5) containing 1.5% lysine and 1.5% methionine, T3 (M1/L2) containing 1% methionine and 2% lysine, T4 (M1/L2.5) containing 1% methionine and 2.5% lysine were tested in triplicate on 540 fry of 10± 3.1g distributed in 18 happas of 0.5 m2. The fish were fed 3 times per day at a rate of 8% of the ichthyo biomass. Every 14 days, zootechnical parameters were evaluated.
Results: depending on the level of supplementation, the survival rate was higher for the T0+ coppens treatment, 96.66%, and lower for T4 (M1/L2.5) supplemented with 1% methionine and 2.5% of lysine with 80%. The significantly highest average weight gain (p<0.05) was recorded with the T0+coppens treatment (89.67±1.52g) compared to the T1 (L1.5/M1) and low (66. 33 ±00g) compared to treatment T3 (M1/L2). The specific growth rate was higher (p˃0.05) or (2.83%±0.16g/d) with T2(L1.5/M1.5) and lower (0.78%±0 .02%g/d) for T0+ coppens. As for the condition factor K, it is significantly higher for the T0+coppens treatment (0.46%±0.030) and lower for the T4 treatment (0.29±0.023).
Conclusion: the incorporation of 5% of black soldier fly larva into local feed supplemented with 1.5% lysine and 1% methionine makes it possible to improve the survival of Clarias gariepinus fry but also their growth as well as the production cost.
Ecosystem and Vulnerabilities to Fisher’s Community: Tampara Wetland, South Odisha Coast, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mohapatra Saswat
Published: December 2023

The Nolia Nuagaon (Bada Noliya and Sana Noliya Nuagaon), fisher communities rehabilitated between the newly revived Tampara Lake, Bay of Bengal, and Rushikulya Estuary. The coastal ecosystem and habitation within this sandy beach vegetation in the past are regularly affected by storm surges, coastal erosion, and floods. The fisher group relies on the sea and the estuary for their livelihood. They are politically, and socio-economically deprived.  

The present study envisages the societal and economic changes due to the altered ecosystem due to climate changes, Regional Sea Level Rise (RSLR), and human interventions. The basic tools involved are Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (HVCA), and Ecosystem Services Shared Value Assessment (ESSVA) using the policies piloted by the International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC) for Eco-DRR, Partners for Resilience (PfR). The Nolia Nuasahi (Bada and Sana) villages were under threat on the coastal front.  

The search helped to train the community to understand the pioneer issues and coercions that are surging up with time and the fishing profession, which is now replaced by migration and marginalization adding to their age-old lifestyle.  The growth of tourism activities in the nearby Tampara Lake shall bring challenges to the landscape, supporting Ecosystem services and the fishing community’s regime. A joint Action Plan between the Lake and coastal ecosystem is warranted to be developed to maintain a better livelihood for the villagers after acceptance from the  Gram Sabha and then included in the Gram Panchayat development plan (GPDP) to boost SDG-14.
A comprehensive Review on Role of Distance Learning Program towards the Development of Global Education System
Authors: Abhijeet  , Dhurve Lalit , Singh Harish Chandra , Maurya Durgesh Kumar , Lohare Ramesh , Tripathi Somdutt , Kumar Arun , Nagar Amit
Published: December 2023

This comprehensive review aims to analyse the role of distance learning programs in the development of the global education system. With advancements in technology and the growing demand for flexible and accessible education, distance learning has emerged as a crucial component of the global educational landscape. This paper examines the impacts and benefits of distance learning programs, including their contribution to expanding access to education, fostering lifelong learning, and promoting educational equity. It also explores the challenges and limitations associated with distance learning, such as the need for reliable internet connectivity, technological infrastructure, and student engagement. Through a systematic analysis of scholarly articles, reports, and case studies, this review provides insights into how distance learning programs are shaping the future of education on a global scale. Additionally, it discusses the implications for policymakers, educators, and students, highlighting the potential of distance learning to bridge educational gaps, promote inclusivity, and empower individuals to pursue education regardless of their geographical location or socioeconomic circumstances.
Development of Ready-to-eat (Spirulina Pancake Premix) Nutritional Supplement for Anemic Adolescent Girls: Nutritional and Microbial Analysis
Authors: Srivastava Janhavi , Singh Neetu , Nanda Alka
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to create an iron-rich dietary supplement utilizing spirulina and other nutritionally dense ingredients—quinoa, soybean, and amaranth—in the form of a pancake premix. The pancake premix was formulated, prepared, and analysed for its nutritional composition.

The premix was meticulously developed by combining ingredients from various food groups, incorporating vanilla powder for flavour. The preparation involved simple steps to produce the final pancake product. Following the preparation, a thorough nutritional analysis was performed, covering moisture, ash, fat, protein, iron, crude fibre, and total carbohydrate content, adhering to established protocols such as AOAC methods.

The results revealed that the spirulina pancake premix contained 4.5% moisture, 12% ash, 4.6% fat, 11.7% protein, 67.8% carbohydrates, 5.7% iron, and 0.83% crude fibre. Furthermore, based on the Food Composition Table, the premix provided 460 kcal of energy, 16g of protein, 87g of carbohydrates, 3g of fat, and 8.5g of iron per serving, meeting substantial nutritional requirements.

Microbial analysis indicated limited microbial growth, attributed to the airtight sealing of the premix in silver plastic bags, which effectively prevented contamination and extended the product's shelf life.

The pancake premix demonstrated promising nutritional content and microbial control, suggesting its potential as an iron-rich dietary supplement for addressing nutritional deficiencies, particularly among anemic adolescent girls.
Nutrient Management Strategies for Groundnut-blackgram Cropping Sequences
Authors: Harisudan C.  , Veeramani P.  , Jayakumar J.  , Karunakaran V.  , Sivagamy K.  , Ravichandran V.  , Kathirvelan P.  , Thiruvarassan S.  , Baskaran R.  , Subrahmaniyan K.
Published: December 2023

Aims: To refine nutrient management practices for the groundnut-blackgram cropping sequence, focusing on enhancing both yield and quality.

Study Design:  The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: Regional Research Station in Vridhachalam during the Kharif and rabi season of 2016-17.

Methodology: The experimental encompassed various nutrient levels applied to groundnut in the main plots: M1-Control, M2-100% RDF, M3-125% RDF, and M4-150% RDF. Additionally, different nutrient levels were applied to the blackgram subplot: S1-Control, S2-50% RDF, S3-75% RDF, and S4-100% RDF.

Results: Analysis of the results indicated that use of 125% RDF in groundnut significantly provide higher pod yield (2657 kg/ha). However, the control group recorded a significantly lower pod yield. Subsequent blackgram seed yield was notably influenced by inorganic fertilizers applied to the preceding groundnut crop. In blackgram, the application of 75% RDF resulted in a higher number of pods per plant (34.6), No. of branches/plant (7.8) and seed yield (823 kg/ha). This performance was comparable to the application of 100% RDF

Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of optimizing nutrient management practices, particularly the combination of 125% RDF for groundnut, to enhance pod yield, while the application of 75% RDF demonstrated positive effects on subsequent blackgram seed yield.
Studies on Performance of Bt Cotton Hybrids against Jassids (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida) During Summer Season
Authors: Rajashekar Jampala , Rajashekar K. , Lakshmi K. Vijaya , Chauhan Sreedhar
Published: December 2023

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum. L) is indeed a significant cash crop grown in three agro-climatic zones of India. The Indian subcontinent is considered the birthplace of cotton, and it has been a crucial part of human civilization for centuries. It is renowned as the most important natural fibre or vegetable wool and has been cultivated for both domestic consumption and export purpose for proximately 111 countries worldwide. Cotton is a vital crop that plays a significant role in the global economy. It provides livelihoods for over 250 million people worldwide and accounts for nearly 7% of the labour force in developing countries. The field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Telangana during summer 2022-23. A Total of 8 Bt cotton hybrids were evaluated against jassids of cotton under unprotected conditions. Lowest population of jassids were recorded in hybrid NCS-2778 (3.76 jassids per 3 leaves), followed by RCH-659 (5.41 jassids), PRADEEP (6.27 jassids), MOKSHA (6.45jassids per 3 leaves). The highest population of jassids were recorded in JADHU (9.91 jassids) and MONEY MAKER (7.70 jassids).
Assessment and Comparison of Soil Quality Using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) & Expert Opinion (EO) Methods in different Rice-based Cropping Systems in Alfisol
Authors: Rajput Ranjeet Singh , Patley Satyendra , Choudhary Biplab , Gupta Satyendra
Published: December 2023

The present study was undertaken to assess and compare soil quality using principal components analysis (PCA) and expert opinion (EO) methods in different rice-based cropping systems in Alfisol. In both the PCA and EO methods rice cultivation in rotation with legumes (chickpea and field pea) sustained significantly better soil quality than that of RW and RF cropping systems and established a good relationship between soil quality index (SQI) and defined soil functions. The study confirmed that the integration of legumes into the rice-based cropping systems will ensure the maintenance of soil quality and environmental stability under intensive” cultivation. However, the PCA method was found comparatively better for soil quality assessment in the North Hill region.
Effect of Different Method of Rice Establishment and Weed Management Options on Yield and Economics of Paddy
Authors: Gundappa  , Naveen N. E. , Veeranna H. K. , Jayaprakash S. M. , Deshmukh Sharanabasappa
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022 at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Brahmavara, Udupi, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, on sandy loam soil to study the effect of different method of rice establishment and weed management options on yield and economics of paddy. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with broadcasting and drum seeder method of establishment and five treatment combinations, replicated thrice. The study revealed that, the weed free treatment maintained by hand weeding recorded highest growth parameters and rice grain yield. The sequential application of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 at 0-3 DAS (fb) early post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium 10 % SC @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 13-15 DAS, recorded lowest total weed density (36.92, 31.73 and 40.45 No. m-2)  at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, respectively and lower weed index (7.23%) under drum seeder method of establishment . The yield and yield attributing parameters like number of tillers (291.33 m-2), panicle length (19 cm), filled grains (89.33 panicle-1), grain yield (4221 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5387 kg ha-1) were observed in sequential application of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 at 0-3 DAS (fb) early post-emergence application of bispyribac sodium 10 % SC @ 25 g a.i ha-1 at 13-15 DAS under the drum seeder method of establishment. The highest net return (₹ 82586 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.81) was also recorded in the same treatment.
Geospatial Interpolative Analytics of Gauged Rainfall in Network under Semi-arid Situation of Krishna Basin on a Watershed Scale
Authors: Shashikanth  , Satishkumar U.  , Polisgowdar B. S.  , Kulkarni Prasad S. , Rajesh N. L.  , Desai B. K.
Published: December 2023

Kriging as a Geospatial interpolative delineation of optimal radial distance around existing rainfall stations with in the purview of flat land (1-3 %) watershed (Hti-2 4D7B3) situated in Krishna basin. The smaller (15 and 30 min) and medium (45 min to 1h 45 min) events of the were analyzed focusing on their distribution whereas events of longer duration (>2 h) analyzed with their depth across 14 gauging stations. Analysis of 14 gauged rainfall network stations and their corresponding rainfall data during 2014-2020 used to derive relationship between recurring events of classified duration (15 min to 2 h) vis-a-vis weighted influence of number and depth due to spatial morphology and limitations of watershed. The event vise rainfall network distribution of Huti-2 watershed found to be significantly uniform in number and depth within the radial distance upto 3 km around each station prevailed by strong coefficient of determinant (R2) more than 0.8.
Identification of Rainfall Deviation Thresholds Based on WRSI for Monitoring Water Stress in Pulses
Authors: Kranthi G. S. Pratyusha , Rao K. V. , Kumari K. Padma
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted to identify rainfall deviation thresholds based on water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) in pulses for monitoring water stress due to drought during kharif season in Telangana. The districts of Medak, Warangal and Mahabubnagar with major areas under blackgram, greengram and redgram crops, respectively were considered as study area. The rainfall deviation frequency was estimated in 20 representative sites under each crop and accordingly WRSI was calculated. The rainfall and WRSI estimated were related for their dependability in the estimation of water stress occurring due to drought during kharif season in the crops under study. Based on rainfall frequency, the rainfall was deficit for blackgram and normal for greengram and redgram in most of the study period. WRSI predicted mediocre growth of blackgram and average to good growth of greengram and redgram. The total explained variation in the prediction of crop performance by WRSI index in relation to rainfall was 0.26 to 0.77 for blackgram, 0.57 to 0.96 for redgram, 0.35 to 0.94 for greengram during the study period. The rainfall deviation thresholds were identified irrespective of soil type and depth in blackgram. Whereas, in case of greengram and redgram, the thresholds varied with soil type and depth.
The Implementation of Resilience Engineering to Deal with Climate Change Impact
Authors: Ching-Ruey (Edward) Luo
Published: December 2023

Climate change is a very interesting subject, because it has been compelling us to review our thinking, our development concepts, practices, paradigms, models, and so on from the view of the environment. In such introspections, we may identify the mistakes, weaknesses and unintended consequences of our development concepts, practices; and we may try to overcome those mistakes and will be conscious to avoid such shortcomings in the future. Land and water resources degradation are the major problems in the world. Poor land use practices and improper management systems have played a significant role in causing high soil erosion rates, sediment transport, and loss of agricultural nutrients. This causes various effects on resource bases like deforestation, expansion of residential areas, and agricultural land. The watershed is also facing high erosion due to the effects of intense rainfall of the watershed which aggravates the land cover change of the watershed. This continuous change in land cover has influenced the water balance of the watershed by changing the magnitude and pattern of the components of stream flow between surface runoff and groundwater flow in increasing the extent of the water management problem. In this study, the assessments of resilience engineering and its function as a framework for the environmental issues, such as resilience and management of water and public infrastructure has been done. After risk assessment, we obtained five risk levels and their corresponding resilience levels. The two can be regarded as negatively correlated. And at the same time, four corresponding adaptions are also proposed according to the resilience levels.
Isolated Male Epispadias with Continence in a 40 Year Old: A Case Report
Authors: Atim T.  , Akpamgbo C. N.  , Eniola S. B.  , Aisuodionoe-Shadrach O. I.  , Eze G. C.
Published: December 2023

Epispadias is part of the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex; it has a defective dorsal wall of the urethra with potential incompetence of the urinary continence mechanism. Isolated male epispadias is due to failure of the urethral plate to tubularize on the dorsum of the penis. It is rare with an incidence rate of 1 in 117,000 live births in males. The severity depends on the position of the urethral opening and ranges from peno-pubic to penile and glandular. Epispadias is usually repaired within the first year of life though some patients have presented in their second decade. Epispadias is classically associated with bladder exstrophy in over 90% of the cases while isolated epispadias with continence is very rare constituting less than 10% of cases. Separation of pelvic bones is seen in 70% of peno-pubic epispadias affecting the bladder neck and external sphincter leading to incontinence and stress urinary dribbling. The goals of repair include; achieving a cosmetically acceptable and functional penis, which is straight and adequate in length, enabling penetrative sexual intercourse and urinary continence. There have been reports of isolated epispadias in adults but none was as old as 40 years. This patient has been married for 20 years and has been unable to impregnate his spouse. He had modified Cantwell-Ransley procedure after a detailed clinical and psychological evaluation to achieve the goals of repair. Adults presenting with isolated continent peno-pubic epispadias are rare. Presenting at this age and after having been married for two decades could have a derogatory effect on body image, self-confidence, psycho-sexual and reproductive life. Surgical correction of this anomaly as we did has the potential to lead to acceptable outcomes as demonstrated in this index case.
Case Study for Hepatic Involvement of Children with Malaria
Authors: Ikpeama Roseanne A. , Okeke Chukwubike U. , Okolonkwo Benjamin N. , Onosakponome Evelyn O. , Ezenwaka Chinonye O.
Published: December 2023

Background: Malaria has a significant impact on public health and economic development in affected regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a global problem affecting people every year leading to a substantial number of deaths especially among children under the age of 5.

Aim: A cross sectional study of Evaluation of hepatic involvement of children with malaria among the middle age children (6-10years) attending some hospitals and schools in South South region of Nigeria was conducted. 

Methodology: Following ethical approval from the institutions as well as concrete consent from the children’s families, 418 randomly selected children aged 6 to 10 years participated in the study. Out of this number, 298 children had malaria and 120 children who had no malaria were taken to be the control. Blood was collected through the vein using syringe into ethylene diaminetetracetic acid and lithium bottles. Giemsa stain was used to stain the blood films. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), albumin and total protein were analysed with the conventional biochemical methods. 

Results: Analysis of the data obtained showed that Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 18.12±0.47, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 8.56±0.12, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 69.55± 0.87 and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) 21.41±0.29 values increased (P<0.05) in malaria subjects significantly when compared with the control 5.58±18, 4.62±0.17, 16.58±0.57 and 16.64±0.29 respectively. The study equally revealed that the test group showed significant (P<0.5) decrease of albumin 30.40±0.37 values when compared with the control group54.87±0.90.

Conclusion: The changes in these liver parameters go on to suggest that plasmodiasis might have adverse effect on the hepatic functionality (integrity) as well as the function. Therefore, this should not be neglected as such neglect might result to mortality.
Studies on the Upper Leaf Necrosis in Orientalliliums
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Thamaraiselvi S. P. , Ganga M. , Jawaharlal M. , Visalakshi M. , Sivakumar V.
Published: December 2023

Oriental Lilium is one of the commercial bulbous flower crops grown for its cut flower and ornamental value. Upper leaf necrosis is a nutrition disorder that is specific to certain conditions and often misconceived with other disorders. The symptoms of upper leaf necrosis occur on the growing portions of the upper 3 to 5 pairs of young leaves in oriental lilium and it is more specific. The imbalance of calcium and boron nutrients which is actively involved in the growing regions of plants viz., root tip, bud development, and in the meristematic tissues resulting in deficiency causes upper leaf necrosis in the Oriental lilium. The research on supplementing the deficiency of nutrients through foliar application during the vegetative phase on critical days in oriental lilium variety Paradero helped in alleviating the necrosis symptoms. Treatments withfoliar application of 0.08% & 0.1% each of calcium nitrate & borax applied from 30 to 45 days after planting at 5 days intervals resulted in no visible necrosis symptoms (score 0), early appearance of flower bud (48 days) and a greater number of flower buds (3 - 4). Treatment with foliar application of 0.1% each of calcium nitrate & borax ensures a greater number of flower buds (4) per plant.
Unveiling Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITKs) Using Different Available Plants by the Local People of South Sikkim, India
Authors: Kaushik Kunal , Tare Kime , Sherpa Tshering Lhamu , Baruah Koushik
Published: December 2023

Northeast India is biologically diverse regions, among which the South Sikkim district possesses unique rural landscapes enhanced with endless waves of farming areas and terraced hills. Within this region, three main indigenous groups—Nepali, Lepcha and Bhutia—coexist, contributing to the cultural diversity. Over the years, these communities have cultivated a traditional knowledge based on which they are greatly dependant on diverse plant resources for both protective measures and medicinal practices. These traditional practices encourages a strong local knowledge base. These practices include local plants namely utis (Alnus nepalensis), chilauni (Schima wallichii), wild fern, titepati (Artemisia vulgaris) and many more.  However, despite the rich diversity of these cultural practices connected with nature, there is a lack of detailed exploration and documentation for better understanding traditional practices and ethno-medicinal knowledge upheld by these communities. The absence of such documentation underscores a significant gap in our understanding of their cultural heritage, as these ITKs can be further integrated with science to make contribution for adaptive management to many environmental and health issues. Therefore, this study is conducted with the aim to unreveal the potential of these traditional practices and ethno-medicinal knowledge preserve among the diverse communities of South Sikkim, which can help to shed light on their cultural heritage and to recognize their invaluable contributions.
Efficacy of Hydrogels under Sensor Based Irrigation on Soil Nutrient Status of Tree Mulberry
Authors: Mala P. Harshita , Banuprakash K. G. , Vinoda K. S. , Sadatulla Fatima , Kadalli G. G. , Hanumanthappa D. C.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out to study the efficacy of hydrogels under sensor-based irrigation on soil nutrient status of tree mulberry during 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with nine treatment combinations and three replications, observations were recorded at 30th, 45thand 60th Days after Pruning (DAP) and pooled data of five crops were analyzed. The hydrogels were applied during beginning of first crop. Main plot included two different types of hydrogels viz., Pusa hydrogel (T1- Pusa hydrogel @ 1 kg/ac, T2- Pusa hydrogel @ 2 kg/ac, T3- Pusa hydrogel @ 3 kg/ac and T4- Pusa hydrogel @ 4 kg/ac) and Zeba hydrogel (T5- Zeba hydrogel @ 3 kg/ac, T6- Zeba hydrogel @ 4 kg/ac, T7- Zeba hydrogel @ 5 kg/ac, and T8- Zeba hydrogel @ 6 kg/ac) and T9-control without any hydrogel. Among hydrogels, Zeba hydrogel @ 5 & 6 kg/ac (T7 and T8) exhibited ideal pH (6.73), EC (0.27 d Sm-1) and OC (0.43%). The major nutrients viz Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (282.03, 40.78 and 231.35 kg/ha) and secondary nutrients viz Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur (2.87 c. mol/kg, 2.32 c. mol/kg and 7.68 mg/kg) has recorded significantly on the application of Zeba hydrogel @ 6 kg/ac. The micronutrient content was significantly higher in soil collected from T8 which received Zeba hydrogel @ 6 kg/ac with Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn of 2.50, 20.97, 3.80 and 23.78 mg/kg respectively,
Mental Health Assessment of Medical Students in Tanta University: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Neanay Aya M. El , Haiba Amr A. , Hasby Eiman Adel , Eissa Mai Abd Elraoof , Elsawy Hossam Eldin Fathallah
Published: December 2023

Background: Mental health disorders are common in university students, where the most common of them include substance abuse, anxiety, and mood disorders. College students are in a transitory age that’s accompanied by various stressors and during which diverse mental health problems usually appear for the 1st time.

Objective: To assess presence of mental health disorders among under graduate medical students.

Methods: 2900 students were invited to complete a survey that was built on Microsoft form app provided by information technology unit and directed to medical students in mentioned grads individually. An e-mail has been sent to each student's academic official e-mail which was provided to students in the first three academic years.  Email included GHQ-28 form associated with phrases fostering involvement in the study and assuring anonymity.

Results: The response rate for the GHQ-28 survey was 25.9% of emailed students completing the questionnaire. The mean GHQ-28 score of 13.78 is considerably higher than general population norms.

Conclusion: The majority of students (88.16%) scored above the threshold for psychological morbidity and were considered as a possible case indicating elevated psychological distress in this student sample.
Antifungal Properties of Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) and Mentha x piperita (L.) Essential Oils against Fusarium oxysporum Causing Tomato Fruit Rot
Authors: Akotowanou Oscar C. A. , Adjou Euloge Sènan , Sessou Philippe , Kougblenou Sylvain Daton , Olubi Adéyèmi Berane , Michels Franck , Ahoussi Edwige Dahouenon , Yessoufou Akadiri , Bankolé Honoré , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Sohounhloué Dominique C. K.
Published: December 2023

Fungal pathogens are responsible for the rot of tomatoes and cause health hazards to consumers as well as economic loss. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils from Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) and Mentha x piperita (L.) leaves as plant-based fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum strains associated with tomato rot. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by GC-MS analysis. Antifungal effects of essential oils against strain of F. oxysporum obtained from rotted tomato, were evaluated through the determination of Minimal Fungicide Concentration (MFC) and the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Results indicated that β-myrcene (19.48%), chavicol (15.39 %), and eugenol (46.65%) were the major components of the essential oil of Pimenta racemosa (Mill.). L-menthone (17.19 %), menthol (24.79%), and menthofuran (26.78 %) were the major components of the essential oil of Mentha x piperita (L.). Essential oil of Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) exhibited the highest antifungal activity against the growth of Fusarium oxysporum strain tested with a MIC and MFC of 0.75 and 1.25 μl.ml-1 respectively. These results provide an experimental basis for further research on the use of these plant extracts in the development of eco-friendly preservatives against fungi causing rots of tomato in post-harvest.
Cardiac Troponin (cTnI) Level and Myocardial Functions in Children with Idiopathic Convulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Megahed Ola Abdelrhman Elsayed , Aziz Sahar Abd El Azim Abd El , El-Serogy Hesham Ahmed , Elnemr Shiymaa Basiony
Published: December 2023

Background: A Seizure represents the clinical expression of abnormal, excessive, synchronous discharges of neurons residing primarily in the cerebral cortex. The aim of this study is to evaluate the myocardial functions and serum cardiac troponin (cTn-I) in children with convulsive status epilepticus without evidence of previous cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods: This study was a case control study which was carried out in the duration of 1 year from December 2021 to December 2022 in Tanta University Hospital, Pediatric Department, Intensive care unit (ICU) and the emergency room. The diagnosis of status epilepticus had been made in accordance with the criteria of the International League against Epilepsy clinically as a generalized seizure (epileptic seizure with duration more than 5 minutes or recurrent again without regaining consciousness in between seizures).  Another thirty (30) healthy children (16 males, 14 female) with age range from (3-15) years, with the mean age was (6.367±3.449) years, with no history of epilepsy or family history of neurological diseases, were enrolled in this study and were served as control group.  Inclusion criteria were no sex predilection, Patients with age of (3-15) years, and children with convulsive status epilepticus. Convulsion type with duration more than 5 minutes or recurrent again without regaining consciousness in between seizures.

Results: There was significant increase in serum level of cardiac troponin cTn-I among children with idiopathic convulsive status epilepticus than healthy Control children, (P <0.001*). All patients with elevated serum levels cTn-I had documented ECG changes. The test result had a high positive predictive value which indicates high specificity of the of mean serum level of cardiac troponin test and that, Children have high probability of having myocardial ischemia and injury following attacks of idiopathic convulsive status epilepticus.

Conclusions: Convulsive status epilepticus triggers severe physical activities, while skeletal muscle contraction increases the cardiac afterload in the tonic stage, leading to a transient imbalance in the cardiac tissue demand, which is associated with myocardial cell damage. Neural-hormonal factors contribute to myocardial cell damage (e.g., prolonged seizure activity that occurs in status epilepticus).
Two Stage Buccal Mucosal Graft (Bracka’s Technique) for Failed Hypospadias Repair
Authors: Kandil Mohamed Salah , El-Gamal Samir Abd El Hakim , Taha Mohamed Rasheed , El-Gamal Osama Mostafa , El-Damhogy Mahmoud El-Sayed
Published: December 2023

Background: Hypospadias is relatively common congenital anomaly affecting 0.3–0.4% of the population worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess functional and cosmetic outcomes as well as the complications of the usage of the graft of the buccal mucosal in two stage repairs for selected cases of recurrent hypospadias repair.

Methods: This prospective work was performed on 60 pediatric patients presenting with failed penile hypospadias. Each participant was exposed to general assessment, local examination (Examination of the penis and examination of the testis and scrotum), oral examination, conventional lab tests [full blood picture, liver enzymes, kidney functions, and prothrombin time and activity], and ultrasonography.

Results: Age, number of previous operations, type of previous urethroplasty, associated chordee, the length of uretheral defect were no statistically significant variation among the study groups.

Conclusions: The procedure known as staged buccal mucosa graft The Bracka's urethroplasty approach is a straightforward and adaptable method that is very easy to acquire and may be used in challenging situations of unsuccessful hypospadias repair, particularly when there is a shortage of suitable local skin. this technique not only has high success rate and low complication rate, but also gives good cosmetic appearance.
Anterior Thigh Myxofibrosarcoma with Management of Wide Excision and Modified Anterior Thigh Compartment Resection : A Case Report
Authors: Sentoso Joko Wibowo , Yarsa Kristanto Yuli
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a type of malignancy from the group of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Myfxofibrosarcoma is a type of soft tissue neoplasm that is aggressive. The clinical symptoms are not pathognomonic and the histological picture is very heterogeneous, often receiving delayed treatment and causing misdiagnosis. Complementary histochemical and immunohistochemical staining is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis of MFS. Extensive surgical treatment and followed by radiotherapy is the first choice of myxofibrosarcoma treatment.

Case Presentation: A 54-years old woman complained of a lump on her left thigh that had been getting bigger for the past 2 years. The lump initially looked the size of a marble, then grew to the size of a tennis ball in the last 7 months. On physical examination, a mass was found in the left thigh area, a hard, fixed mass, the size of a tennis ball. Fine needle aspiration examination showed suspicious results for myxofibrosarcoma. The patient underwent a Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination in the left lower extremity area and underwent wide excision and anterior thigh compartment resection surgery.

Discussion: Wide resection is the standard treatment for MFS [4]. The choice of procedure for each patient is different and should be based on tumor size, location, stage, surrounding neurovascular and bony elements, as well as functional and cosmetic considerations [4]. The minimum resection margin in MFS is at least 1 cm which aims to minimize the risk of local recurrence [4]. The recommended resection margin is at least 2 cm for MFS resection [4]. We had plan a 2 cm margin of the entire preoperative MRI enhancement area. It should be noted that the local recurrence rate for MFS in margin-negative resections is relatively high compared with other STS subtypes.

Conclusion: We recommend Wide Excison and Modified Anterior Thigh compartment Resection is recommended procedure for anterior thigh myxofibrosarcoma. This procedure involves preserving uncontaminated thigh neurovascular, and only resecting one of the sarcoma-infiltrated muscle heads and preserving the other quadriceps muscle head of the thigh to maintain knee extension function. This paper is the first report on the successful treatment of anterior thigh myxofibrosarcoma without weakness of knee extension complication.
Suggestions to Optimize Hongze Lake Hairy Crab Network Marketing Strategy
Authors: Zhonghua Kan , Wen Fu , Xuefei Wang
Published: December 2023

Hongze Lake hairy crab is an important aquatic product raised by fishermen and aquaculture enterprises in Hongze Lake area, and has a certain popularity in the aquatic product market. With the rapid development of e-commerce, Hongze Lake hairy crabs are sold online and offline, but the application of network marketing strategy is not mature enough and needs to be optimized urgently. The current situation of the network marketing of Hongze Lake hairy crab and its influencing factors put forward the optimization countermeasures of the network marketing strategies such as improving the network brand influence of products, enriching the online supply of products and consumer online shopping habit education, so as to provide reference for the expansion of the network market of Hongze Lake hairy crab.
Determination of Optimal Geometry for an Empty Concentrator Augmented Wind Turbine
Authors: Shonhiwa Chipo , Makaka Golden , Mukumba Patrick , Shambira Ngwarai
Published: December 2023

Aims: To determine the optimal concentrator geometrical parameters of an empty concentrator augmented wind turbine (CAWT), which are used to design and install CAWTs.
Place and Duration of Study: Physics Department, University of Fort Hare, South Africa between March 2023, and October 2023.
Methodology: The study used the concentrator length (L) to concentrator outlet diameter ratio (Lr) and the difference between inlet and outlet radii to concentrator outlet diameter ratio (Rr) to investigate the effect of concentrator geometry on wind velocity augmentation and air dynamics to determine the optimum concentrator geometrical parameters using computational fluid dynamics modelling. The modelled concentrators’ geometry was created in SolidWorks, prepared for meshing in SpaceClaim, meshed, and analysed in Fluent to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and validated by primary experimental results. To make the concentrators, six equally spaced Lr were used in the range 0.1 \(\le\) Lr \(\le\) 0.6  and thirteen equally spaced Rr in the range 0.025 \(\le\) Rr  \(\le\) 0.325 . The concentrators’ performance was investigated in terms of velocity augmentation ratio (Vr) and concentrator efficiency (\(\eta\)c).
Results: It was observed that the variation in Vr was influenced by the change in both Lr and Rr. The Vr and \(\eta\)c   increased with an increase in Lr to a maximum at optimum Lr  and decreased thereafter. The optimum Vr was obtained at Lr = 0.4 and Rr  = 0.1 with a maximum velocity at the concentrator outlet. It was also shown that the energy losses due to friction negatively impact velocity augmentation more than energy losses due to a large concentrator tilt angle at high Lr .
Conclusion: When constructing a CAWT, the turbine rotor should be placed at any distance between the concentrator outlet and 0.5L  behind the concentrator, and the blade tips of the turbine in a CAWT system should be at least 10% smaller than the concentrator outlet radius, for the whole rotor to receive wind with augmented velocity.
Federal Reserve’s Influence Over the Bangladeshi Taka
Authors: Malik Araf
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the relationship between the Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) and the U.S. Federal Reserve's monetary policy, particularly the impact of changes in the U.S. Effective Federal Funds Rate (EFFR) on the Taka's valuation. Despite Bangladesh's steady economic growth from 2003 to 2023, the Taka consistently depreciated against the U.S. Dollar, especially during periods of increased EFFR. The study contrasts the Taka's behaviour with other South Asian currencies, finding that the Taka's depreciation pattern is uniquely correlated with EFFR changes, unlike its regional counterparts. This correlation suggests that external factors, specifically U.S. monetary policy, significantly influence the Taka's value. This insight challenges the local perspective attributing the Taka's depreciation solely to domestic policy failures, emphasing the need for considering global economic influences in the depreciation of the Bangladeshi Taka.
Structural determinants of phosphorylation‐dependent nuclear transport of HCMV DNA polymerase processivity factor UL44
Authors: Cross Emily M. , Marin Oriano , Ariawan Daryl , Aragão David , Cozza Giorgio , Di Iorio Enzo , Forwood Jade K. , Alvisi Gualtiero
Published: December 2023

Human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase processivity factor UL44 is transported into the nucleus by importin (IMP) α/β through a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS), and this region is susceptible to cdc2‐mediated phosphorylation at position T427. Whilst phosphorylation within and close to the UL44 NLS regulates nuclear transport, the details remain elusive, due to the paucity of structural information regarding the role of negatively charged cargo phosphate groups. We addressed this issue by studying the effect of UL44 T427 phosphorylation on interaction with several IMPα isoforms by biochemical and structural approaches. Phosphorylation decreased UL44/IMPα affinity 10‐fold, and a comparative structural analysis of UL44 NLS phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated peptides complexed with mouse IMPα2 revealed the structural rearrangements responsible for phosphorylation‐dependent inhibition of UL44 nuclear import.
Mitochondrial fusion–fission dynamics and its involvement in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Zihong , Xiao Chong , Li Fang , Huang Wenbo , You Fengming , Li Xueke
Published: December 2023

The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer have elevated its status as a significant public health concern. Recent research has elucidated the crucial role of mitochondrial fusion–fission dynamics in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Elevated mitochondrial fission or fusion activity can contribute to the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, thereby activating oncogenic pathways that drive cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance. Nevertheless, excessive mitochondrial fission can induce apoptosis, whereas moderate mitochondrial fusion can protect cells from oxidative stress. This imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can exert dual roles as both promoters and inhibitors of colorectal cancer progression. This review provides an in‐depth analysis of the fusion–fission dynamics and the underlying pathological mechanisms in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, it offers partial insights into the mitochondrial kinetics in colorectal cancer‐associated cells, such as immune and endothelial cells. This review is aimed at identifying key molecular events involved in colorectal cancer progression and highlighting the potential of mitochondrial dynamic proteins as emerging targets for pharmacological intervention.
Voxel‐based dysconnectomic brain morphometry with computed tomography in Down syndrome
Authors: Sánchez‐Moreno Beatriz , Zhang Linda , Mateo Gloria , Moldenhauer Fernando , Brudfors Mikael , Ashburner John , Nachev Parashkev , de Asúa Diego Real , Strange Bryan A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health concern for aging adults with Down syndrome (DS), but conventional diagnostic techniques are less reliable in those with severe baseline disability. Likewise, acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate cerebral atrophy is not straightforward, as prolonged scanning times are less tolerated in this population. Computed tomography (CT) scans can be obtained faster, but poor contrast resolution limits its function for morphometric analysis. We implemented an automated analysis of CT scans to characterize differences across dementia stages in a cross‐sectional study of an adult DS cohort.

Methods

CT scans of 98 individuals were analyzed using an automatic algorithm. Voxel‐based correlations with clinical dementia stages and AD plasma biomarkers (phosphorylated tau‐181 and neurofilament light chain) were identified, and their dysconnectomic patterns delineated.

Results

Dementia severity was negatively correlated with gray (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in temporal lobe regions, including parahippocampal gyri. Dysconnectome analysis revealed an association between WM loss and temporal lobe GM volume reduction. AD biomarkers were negatively associated with GM volume in hippocampal and cingulate gyri.

Interpretation

Our automated algorithm and novel dysconnectomic analysis of CT scans successfully described brain morphometric differences related to AD in adults with DS, providing a new avenue for neuroimaging analysis in populations for whom magnetic resonance imaging is difficult to obtain.