bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS PANCASILA PADA SISWA DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: WARUWU WINNING AMINTAS KARTIKA , SARI SITI MAYANG , JALALUDDIN .
Published: October 2021

Character is an application of the value of goodness in which there is character, mental and moral qualities that must be applied and instilled in students so that they become beings who have good character and dignified personality. Therefore, character education is an important part in building a student's identity. Character development must be based on Pancasila values. Building the next generation of a nation with good character is the responsibility of all walks of life, because our true responsibility for education together, of course this is not an easy matter, therefore it requires awareness from all parties that character education is very important to be implemented. Seeing the phenomenon of the industrial era 4.0 is a challenge to pay attention to the character of students. The planting of nationalism based on Pancasila as the state ideology needs to be done to deal with potential threats in the future. The industrial revolution 4.0 was an era in which massive changes occurred in various fields and had a profound impact that could not be separated also in terms of the character development of elementary students. These characters which will become the basic capital of students can compete in the international and national world later. Especially in the face of the industrial revolution 4.0. Strong character also forms a formidable personality of students so that they are not easily influenced by negative things as the industrial revolution 4.0 goes on. Therefore, Pancasila must be implemented as early as possible in learning to make the character of elementary school students in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 much better
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA TEMA DAERAH TEMPAT TINGGALKU DI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 060914 KEC.MEDAN SUNGGAL TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: MANULLANG MERLIDYAWATI , SILABAN PATRI JANSON
Published: October 2021

This researcher aims to improve student learning outcomes by using the Mind Mapping learning model in My Residential Area Theme in class IV-B Public Elementary School 060914 Kec. Medan Sunggal Learning Year 2018/2019.Â This research is a classroom action research (CAR), the subjects in this study were students of class IV-B SD Negeri 060914 Kec. Medan Sunggal. The results of this study indicate an increase in student learning outcomes on the theme of the Area of My Residence Proud Subtema Against My Residence Area in class IV-B Public Elementary School 060914 Kec Medan Sunggal Learning Year 2018/2019. The results of the study in the first cycle of students who received complete grades as many as 16 students or 57% while students who did not complete 12 students or 43% with an average value of 68. In cycle II, namely students who get complete grades 26 students or 93% while students who do not complete as many as 2 students or 7% with an average value of 87,5 then an increase from the first cycle compared to the second cycle and has met the specified completeness . Furthermore, the teacher's activities in the observation cycle I obtained an average of 64% and in the second cycle increased to 90%. While the activities of students in the learning process cycle I obtained an average of 58 and the second cycle had experienced an increase of 82. The results of this study showed an increase in learning outcomes by using the Mind Mapping learning model on the theme of My Residence Area IV-B Public Elementary School 060914 Kec Medan Sunggal Learning Year 2018/2019
Pengaruh Model Abad 21 4Cs dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membuat Pertanyaan Tingkat Tinggi Mahasiswa Semester I PGSD FKIP UMSU Materi Gejala Alam TA. 2019/2020
Authors: SARI SUCI PERWITA , SIREGAR EKO FEBRI SYAHPUTRA
Published: October 2021

This study aims to describe the influence of the 21st Century learning model 4Cs in improving the studentsâ€™ question making skill in PGSD FKIP UMSU. In addition this study also aims to determine the increase the studentsâ€™ question making skillfor high thinking question by 21st century model 4Cs in groups and personal. The population were all students of PGSD FKIP UMSU in the first semester of 2019/2020, 302 people. Sampling taken by cluster random sampling class it was obtained samples in the control class amount 43 students and the 44 people in experiment class. The results of this study indicate that the significance obtained from the control class and experimental post test is 0,000, p <0.05, which indicates that there is a significant influence on the control class posttest with the experimental class. In the control class the average obtained was 70.47 while in the experimental class the average obtained was 86.64. This shows that the application of 21st Century learning 4Cs in groups is better than personal.
PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE SEBAGAI BENTUK PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH 03 KOTA MEDAN
Authors: SIREGAR EKO FEBRI SYAHPUTRA , DAMILIA EVA
Published: October 2021

Covid 19 Pandemic brought change in every field without exception the education sector, especially learning that occurred in elementary schools. This study aims to describe the strengthening of education during the covid-19 pandemic at SD Muhammadiyah 03 Medan City, activities carried out by students while studying online at home, various obstacles that students may face in online learning activities and efforts made in overcoming various obstacles students face during online learning. This type of research is qualitative research. The type of data in this study is qualitative data. The results of this study in the form of mandatory activities in the form of online learning by SD Muhammadiyah 03 Medan students who use the WhatsApp application in carrying out teaching and learning activities online. The learning activity in question starts with filling in attendance / attendance, asking news / checking the situation of students, giving directions before giving assignments, doing assignments and collecting assignments according to the schedule and hours specified. This activity is one of the solutions that can be done in elementary schools in carrying out teaching and learning activities online with the hope that students will continue to learn even if they have to be at home.
PENDEKATAN KONSELING BEHAVIORAL TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MORAL SISWA
Authors: Laia Bestari , Sarumaha Murnihati , Zalukhu Merri Christina , Ndruru Mastawati , Telaumbanua Tatema , Ndraha Lies Dian Marsa , Harefa Darmawan
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the level moral development of students before and after being treated, as well as to examine the behavioral counseling approach Â the moral development of students of SMP Negeri 1 Aramo. This research uses quantitative research with experimental research methods. The population in this study were all students of SMP Negeri 1 Aramo, totaling 200 students, and a sample of 25 students using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique in this study used simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the level of moral development was in the high category with a percentage of 75.20% and an average score of students 88.94, 3) the coefficient of determination with value. Regression model which means rejected and accepted. It can be concluded there is a behavioral counseling approach to students' moral development
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BAMBOO DANCING TERHADAP KREATIVITAS SISWA
Authors: Sarumaha Murnihati
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the Bamboo Dancing learning model on students' creativity in Biology subjects. The research method used was a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest and posttest group design. The study population was all students of class X-MIA, while the research sample was students of class X-MIA-a as the experimental class and class X-MIA-b as the control class. The results showed that the average percentage the initial creativity the experimental class students was 59.7% and the control class students 56.4%. Through the Bamboo Dancing learning model, the average percentage the final creativity the experimental class students was 83.8%, while through the conventional learning model the average percentage the final creativity control class students was 68.9%. Hypothesis testing obtained tcount = 10.292 while ttable at a significant level of 5% and dk = 17-2 = 15 with ttable = 2.132, it turns out that tcount> ttable or 10.292> 2.132 so that Ha is accepted. Experimental class students are able express ideas and be able to think creatively to solve problems. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of the Bamboo Dancing learning model on students' creativity where students able to think creatively to solve problems.
PENERAPAN BLENDED-PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DI MASA PANDEMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CRITICAL THINKING MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Putera Rafhi Febryan , Mahfuzah Ainun , S Farida , Habibi M. , Iskandar Puguh
Published: October 2021

The Covid pandemic requires blended learning (a combination of face-to-face and online learning). The low ability to think critically in class makes the learning process not optimal, therefore it is necessary to increase students' critical thinking skills using the Blended-Problem Based Learning learning model. The method used is classroom action research with a sample of 73 semester VI students in the learning media course for Primary School Teacher Education at Padang State University. Students 'initial critical thinking ability was in the very poor category with a percentage of 41%, after the first cycle there was an increase in students' critical thinking skills by 15% and cycle II by 27%. It can be concluded that the Blended-Problem Based Learning learning model can improve students' critical thinking skills
PENGARUH METODE ASSESMENT PROSES KONTROL MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Sari Siti Mayang , Fauzi Chairul , Waruwu Winning Amintas Kartika , Hasratuddin Hasratuddin
Published: October 2021

Writing this article, it describes a process control assessment method that will improve students' critical thinking skills. This study uses a quantitative research method where data processing is based on multivariate analysis, where this method aims to find out how much influence the variables on an object, or in large numbers simultaneously or simultaneously. A control analysis process that results from the final grades of T / A students 2013-2019, is expected to get better and simultaneous learning value results, so that it will improve critical thinking skills for students. With regard to this value, it can be seen from the results of the process of statistical multivariate analysis based on the results of the final scores of five courses, namely: Indonesian Language, Learning Strategies, Aqidah Akhlak, Learning Psychology, and Early Childhood Education Development. Multivariant analysis reveal will that the process of assessing the results of data from student scores can be used as a reference for other students in different subjects, to be able to maintain their final score results by having the potential in learning innovation, namely having critical thinking skills and for eye-level lecturers. The lecture can see the level of student achievement in the last seven years.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa SMP
Authors: Silalahi Nila Mona
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the effect of the cooperative learning model type Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) on students' mathematical communication skills; (2) find out whether theÂ mathematical communication skills of students with the cooperative learning model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) type are higher than the mathematical communication skills of students with conventional learning. This type of research is experimental research using the pretest-posttest control group research design. The study population was all seventh grade students of Pancur Batu 2 Junior High School consisting of eight classes. The research sample was selected using simple random sampling technique, so that class VII3 was obtained as the experimental class and class VII-5 as the control class with each number of students as many as 32 students. The data used in this study are quantitative data. Based on the analysis of research data, the following results were obtained: (1) the results of analysis and regression obtained that the influence of cooperative learning type TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) had a positive effect with a correlation coefficient of 0.741 and a determination coefficient of 54.8%; (2) the results of the t-test analysis with the value of t count = 5.643 and t table = 1.669 which means t count> t table, then the hypothesis Ho is rejected. So that it can be concluded that the mathematical communication skills of students taught by cooperative learning model type TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) are higher than the mathematical communication skills of students who are taught by conventional learning.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning Berbantuan Geogebra Materi Segi Empat Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Vassa Wahyuni Andicha
Published: October 2021

This study aims to 1) find out the validity of the use of Student Worksheets (LKS) based on the CTL approach, 2) determine the effectiveness of using Student Worksheets (LKS) based on the CTL approach so that it can be used in the Quadrilateral Build Flat material class VII Padang Bulan GKPI Private Middle School Field. This research is a research development (R & D) using the ADDIE learning development model with stages (1) Analysis (Analisis),Â  (2) Design (Design), (3) Develop (Development), (4) Implement (Implementation), (5) Evaluation (Evaluation). Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it was obtained data from expert validation results with an average total rating of 4.25 in the very good category so that the LKS was said to be valid and feasible to use. The effectiveness of the LKS based on the CTL approach with the help of GeoGebra was seen from a number of assessments obtained through learning outcomes tests which included: 1) Classical learning completeness of students at 85.18% in the complete category; (2) Achievement of competency indicators with a percentage of 80.08% in the complete category; (3) The results of the observation of the teacher's ability to manage learning with an average value of 3.72 are in the very good category; (4) Effective learning time for four times; (5) Questionnaire of student responses to student worksheets with an average rating of 5.50 is in a very good category and every aspect is responded positively. Based on the results of the above data analysis, it can be concluded that the development of Student Worksheets (LKS) is based on the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach with the help of GeoGebra in the quadrangular Build Flat class VII GKPI Private Middle School Padang Bulan Medan is valid and effective used in supporting the process of learning mathematics.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Budaya Batak Toba
Authors: Barus Despyanti Br
Published: October 2021

This study aims to find out how the development of Batak Toba culture-based mathematics learning media with a contextual approach and to find out how effective the development of Batak Toba culture-based mathematics learning media with a contextual approach is. The development of mathematics learning media was prepared using the ADDIE model. The subject of this research is class VII E with a total of 32 students. The type of data used is qualitative data and quantitative data. The first stage is the analysis phase. This stage is done to analyze the needs of research such as researchers conducting observations, interviews, and pretests. The next stage is the design of a mathematics learning media design in the form of Student Activity Sheets (LAS) based on the Toba Batak culture. The third stage is development, at this stage the learning media product is validated by the material expert and media expert validator to obtain the feasibility of the product that has been designed based on the results of the validation and the validator's suggestions and comments. The fourth stage is implementation, at this stage after the mathematics learning media product is validated then the product is tested. The last stage is evaluation, at this stage after the product is tested the final results of the field test in the form of a pretest and posttest are then analyzed and scores are obtained as a result of student learning. Based on the analysis of research data, the following results were obtained: (1) Student Activity Sheet (LAS) based on Toba Batak culture can be used for mathematics learning on the subject of rectangles and triangles in terms of the value given by the material expert and media validator 88% with a very valid and appropriate category to be used to improve student learning outcomes; (2) Increasing student learning outcomes by 56.25% this can be seen from the pretest students who completed as many as 11 people (34.37%) while students who did not complete as many as 21 people (65.63%). From the posttest students who completed as many as 29 people (90.62%) while students who did not complete as many as 3 people (9.38%); (3) The teacher's activities at the 1st and 2nd meetings achieved results (85.23%) and the student activities at the 1st and 2nd meetings achieved results (88.66%). So it can be concluded that student learning outcomes at posttest are higher than at pretest. Thus that mathematics learning media in the form of Student Activity Sheets (LAS) based on the Toba Batak culture are effective for use in improving student learning outcomes.
PENERAPAN SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS DAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA KELAS VIII SMP
Authors: Sembiring Berry Bernandus
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pembelajaran dengan model TPS (Think Pair Share) berbantuan Software Geogebra dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan keaktivan siswa pada pembelajaran matematika dengan materi kubus dan balok kelas VIII SMP Dharma Wanita Pertiwi. Metode penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan di kelas VIII SMP Dharma Wanita Pertiwi. Hasil temuan peneliti ini menunjukkan : (1) siswa yang sudah mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) yaitu 75, diantaranya 17 orang (56,67%) sedangkan yang belum mencapai KKM adalah 13 orang (43,33%). Nilai rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa komunikasi matematis siswa pada siklus I mencapai 66,87. jumlah siswa yang tuntas secara klasikal belum mencapai 75%, maka dilanjutkan pada siklus II. Siswa yang sudah mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) adalah 25 orang (83,33%) dan siswa yang belum mencapai kkm adalah 5 orang (16,66%). Nilai rata-rata tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa siklus II mencapai 82,5. (2) Pembelajaran dengan berbantuan Software Geogebra dan model pembelajaran (Think Pair Share)TPS berlangsung dengan baik dan efektif untuk dilakukan terlihat dari lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan lembar angket keaktifan siswa . aktivitas guru pada siklus I, dengan rata-rata 75% dan masih kriteria baik , maka dilakukan tindakan selanjutnya untuk siklus II dan hasil lembar aktivitas guru siklus II dengan rata-rata 90%, dan angket keaktifan siswa siklus I rata-rata 62,26% dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 71,53%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwaÂ  penggunaan Software Geogebra dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan keaktifan siswa kelas VIII pada materi kubus dan balok
PENERAPAN MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA BERBANTUAN APLIKASI GEOMETRY CALCULATOR
Authors: Samosir Dosmaroha
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) berbantuan aplikasi geometry calculator pada materi segiempat dan segitia pada kelas VII SMP Budi Murni 1Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas VII SMP Budi Murni 1 Medan dengan jumlah siswa 26 orang. Objek penelitian adalah peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa dengan menerapkan model contextual teaching and Learning (CTL) berbantuan aplikasi geometrycalculator. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi dan tes. Observasi terdiri dari observasi guru dan observasi siswa. Tes yang diberikan yaitu tes kemampuan awal, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa siklus I dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa siklus II. Hasil analisis data siklus I diperoleh observasi aktivitas guru 65% baik, observasi aktivitas siswa dengan nilai 61% (baik). Pada siklus I siswa yang sudah mencapai KKM 14 orang (53,84%) sedangkan yang belum mencapai KKM adalah 12 orang (46,16%). Nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus I adalah 55,03. Jumlah siswa yang tuntas secara klasikal belum mencapai 75%, maka dilanjutkan pada siklus II. Hasil observasi aktivitas guru pada siklus II dengan persentase 83,5% (baik sekali), observasi aktivitas siswa dengan persentase 81,5% (baik sekali) dan siswa yang sudah mencapai KKM adalah 23 orang (88,46%), siswa yang tidak mencapai mencapai KKM adalah 3 orang (11,54%) dan nilia rata-rata siswa pada siklus II adalah 77,50. BerdasarkanÂ  analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) berbantuan aplikasi geometry calculator dapat meningkatakan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa pada materi segiempat dan segitiga di kelas VII SMP Budi Murni 1 Medan.
ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IN DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS MADE BY THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP KATOLIK TRISAKTI 1 MEDAN
Authors: Silalahi Laura , Simamora Rosa Maria , Sari Anna Stasya Prima
Published: October 2021

This research method used a case study method. The subject of this included the Seventh Grade Students of SMP Katolik Trisakti 1 Medan. Which is comprised of 30 stusents. In analysis the datan the writer collected the data from the students identifiedthe grammatical errors, classified the errors of using simple present tense in the studentsâ€™ descriptive paragraph to determine the frequency of errors, and calculated the data into percentages. The data by using formula:P= fnx100%Â  P= Percentage, F= Frequency of error made, N= Total of studentsâ€™ errors.the data was taken from the test: it was written test. The result demonstrate that the studentsâ€™ errors can be categorized into four kinds of errors. Which include 14,7% errors of omission, 6,7% errors of additon, 73,3% errors in misformation and 5% error in misordering. The writer observed 218 total errors. The witer concluded that misformation was the dominant kind of errors Made by the Seventh Grade of SMP Katolik Trisakti 1 Medan. The teacher recommended practicing grammatical rules in Simple Present Tense in order to minimize the errors. Morever, other researchers can provide techniques in increase studentsâ€™ mastery of simple present tense.
AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Authors: Prayuda Meikardo Samuel
Published: October 2021

This thesis was purposely made to identify error analysis of Indonesian â€“ English translation of news item text translation made by English Department students of FKIP Nommensen University. The result of this research was there were 4 translation errors made by the students in their Indonesian â€“ English news item translation by considering the cohesive devices. The translation errors were in repetition device, conjunction device, reference device, and synonymy device. This result showed that the dominant translation error was dominated by the repetition translation error and synonymy translation error. The result of this research proved that the students had problems in translating.
TEST ITEM ANALYSIS OF READING COMPREHENSION EXAMINATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS AND TRAINING EDUCATION
Authors: Lumban Raja Viator
Published: October 2021

It is not uncommon to put a blame on the students when they fail in the semester examination. The examiner or the one who constructs the test is rarely blamed or questioned why such a thing can happen. There is never a question whether the test is valid or reliable. In other words, the test itself is never evaluated in order to know if it meets the level of difficulty and power of discrimination. Madsen (1983: 180) says that item analysis tells us three things: (1) how difficult each item is, (2)whether or not the question discriminated or tells the difference between high and low students, (3) which distracters are working as they should. Â This reading comprehension examination consists of 44 items, 35 items of reading comprehension and 9 items of vocabulary. The number of test takers are 18 students. The result of the analysis shows that only 5 students (27.7%) can do the test within average, meaning they can answer the test 50% correct of the total test items. This belongs to moderate category, not high nor excellent. Of the 44 test items, 33(75%) are bad items in that they do not fulfill one or both of the requirements concerning the level of difficulty and power of discrimination. And only 11 items (25%) meet the requirements of level of difficulty and power of discrimination. Regarding the distracters, there are 20 items (45.45%) whose distracters are not chosen either one or two. There are two items (4.54%), 25 and 34, the correct answer of which is not chosen by the test takers, including the high and low group. In short, these 20 items needs revising in term of distracters. Revision is made to those items whose distracters are not chosen and those which do not fulfill the requirements of level of difficulty and power of discrimination. Distracters which look too easy are changed, and those which are not totally chosen are revised.Â
IMPROVING STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPREHENSION ON NARRATIVE TEXTS THROUGH EXPERIENCE TEXT RELATIONSHIP (ETR) METHOD AT SMA SWASTA PALAPA MEDAN IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2020/2021
Authors: Lahagu Yatafati , Pangaribuan Jontra Jusat , Prayuda Meikardo Samuel
Published: October 2021

This research was conducted in order to improve studentsâ€™ Reading Comprehension on Narrative Texts through ETR method and to know the studentsâ€™ responses towards the learning reading comprehension through ETR method at SMA Swasta Palapa Medan. In conducting this research, the writer used Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research showed that teaching reading comprehension through ETR method at SMA Swasta Palapa Medan could improve their reading comprehension. The result of the test showed that the studentsâ€™ mean score in pre-test is 51.59 with 4 students (13,79%) of the students got score â‰¥70, in formative test the mean score is 68.69 with 15 students (51,72%) of the students got score â‰¥70, and in post-test the mean score is 77.66 with 21 students (72,41%) of the students got score â‰¥70. The writer concluded that ETR method could improve the eleventh grade studentsâ€™ reading comprehension on narrative texts of SMA Swasta Palapa Medan. On the other hand, the studentsâ€™ responses towards the method of the teaching sound good because above 80% of the students are interested, motivated and understand the lesson with the ETR method.
THE FRESHMENâ€™S ABILITY ON USING THE GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020
Authors: Lumban Raja Viator
Published: October 2021

Grammar is the rules of how words are arranged into sentences. Without the knowledge of grammar one cannot produce sentences grammatically. If one makes a sentence whichÂ  is not grammatically arranged, then that sentence cannot be said grammatical though perhaps it is still meaningful. Therefore, a sentenceÂ  shouldÂ  be grammatically correct and meaningfully acceptable. This study deals with the ability of the freshmen of the English Study Program on using English grammar in academic year 2019/2020. They are first given the pretest, and after studying for one semester they are given the posttest in order to see if there is significant difference from the pretest to posttest. It is expected that the learning-teaching process for one semester will give significant impact on the learning achievement. Based on the result of analysis of the test both in the pretest and posttest, it is found out that there found no difference between the result of the pretest and that of posttest. It is indicated by the mean score of the pretest 9.04 and that of posttest only 9.00. Therefore, it can be concluded that their ability on using English grammar is far below the average as the percentage of correct answer only 30.10% both in the pretest and posttest. Â Of the 17 topics covering the 30 test items both in the pretest and posttest, only 5 (five) items are correctly answered by more than 10 students within the percentage of 44% - 68%. On the whole,. Their ability on using English grammar is far below average.
APPLYING MURDER TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTSâ€™ READING COMPREHENSION OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP SANTO THOMAS 1 MEDAN IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2020/2021
Authors: Pandiangan Siska Ria , Sinaga Anna Stasya Prima Sari , Ginting Fiber Yun A.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to find whetever Murder technique works effectively on improving studentsâ€™ reading comprehension and to describe the studentsâ€™ responses towards the application of Murder technique in the learning teaching processes of reading comprehension. The subject of the study in the seventh grade students of SMP Santo Thomas 1 Medan in the Academic Year of 2020/2021 consisting 32 students of class VII-A. This studyÂ  was conducted by applying Classroom Action Research (henceforth CAR). The result of the test showed that the studentsâ€™Â  meanÂ  score in pre-test is 55,00Â  with 16% of students got â‰¥ 70, in formative test is 68,13 with 38% of students got score â‰¥ 70, and 83,13 in post testÂ  with 100% of students got score â‰¥ 70. The qualitative data analysis showed that the studentsâ€™ responses after being taught by using Murder Technique are very good. The percentage students who strongly agree is 26 (81%), agree is 27 (84%), there is no students choose strongly disagree and disagree. It is suggested that the English teachers use Murder Technique as an alternative technique in teaching reading to the students in Junior High School in order to improve their studentsâ€™ reading comprehension.
THE ANALYZING OF AMBIGUITY ON STUDENTSâ€™ WRITING MADE BY STUDENTS IN SMK DHARMA BAKTI MEDAN
Authors: Baren Elya Batu , Ginting Fiber Yun A. , Tarigan Karisma E.
Published: October 2021

The aims of this study were to figure out the casual factors of ambiguity found in students writing. The subject of this study was the students of Class XI-TKR of SMK Dharma Bakti Medan. The research design was in the form of descriptive qualitative research. The instrument of collecting data was the studentsâ€™ sheet of English writing text. In conclusion, the most dominant ambiguity in lexical meaning found in writing text by Class XI-TKR of SMK Dharma Bakti Medan was polysemy ambiguity. There were 10 casual factors of why ambiguity found in studentsâ€™ writing text based on the analysis of the structure of sentence in studentsâ€™ English writing. The most reasons were: (1) the students did not give the specific details in their writing, usually they preferred the short writing, (2) there were several vocabularies which could be reasonably interpreted more than one way or reasonably interpretedÂ  moreÂ  thanÂ  oneÂ  thing,Â  (3)Â  theÂ  studentsÂ  feltÂ  confusedÂ  toÂ  findÂ  appropriate vocabularies to express the meaning. As a result, they sometimes left the sentence undone or hanged without a clear idea, due to the lack of vocabularies. The analysis of ambiguity in lexicalÂ  meaningÂ  thatÂ  made byÂ  studentsÂ  of ClassÂ  XI-TKRÂ  of SMKÂ  DharmaÂ  BaktiÂ  Medan revealedÂ  thatÂ  studentsÂ  shouldÂ  learnÂ  semanticÂ  asÂ  theÂ  mainÂ  subjectÂ  inÂ  EnglishÂ  writingÂ  to understand multiplicity of meanings.
THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTSâ€™ ABILITY IN USING QUESTION TAG IN SMA NEGERI 1 LINTONG NIHUTA
Authors: Hutasoit Feranita , Ginting Fiber Yun Almanda
Published: October 2021

Grammar is a description of certain organizing aspects of a written particular language. One of the grammar topic is question tag. Question tag is a mini question which we often put at the end of a sentence. The purpose of this study is to describe the ability of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lintong Nihuta in using question tag. This study is a qualitative study with descriptive research. The population of this study is the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lintong Nihuta in Academic Year 2020/2021. The sample is 50 students. The instrument for collecting data is a test concerning question tag which consist of 20 multiple choice and 10 for completion form. The test is done in order to know the ability of students in using question tag. Based on result of the data analysis, the percentage of the studentâ€™s ability is devided three parts high category, moderate category and low category. The result shows that 2 students (4%) belong to high score category, 40 students (80%) to moderate category, and 8 students (16%) to low category. The mean score is 83.56, it is 84% of the total students who can do the test well with 42 students who got score above 72. The writer concludes that the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Lintong Nihuta are able in using question tag
ENHANCING STUDENTSâ€™ VOCABULARY MASTERY BY APPLYING DICTOGLOSS TECHNIQUE TO THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA DELI MURNI BANDAR BARU IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2020/2021
Authors: Pinem Nancy Srimina Br , Pangaribuan Jontra Jusat , Sari Anna Stasya Prima
Published: October 2021

This research was primarily conducted to prove that the application of Dictogloss technique could enhance the vocabulary mastery of the eleventh grade students of SMA Deli Murni Bandar Baru Bonaventura Class in the Academic Year of 2020/2021 and to describe their responses towards the application of Dictogloss technique in the process of learning vocabulary mastery. This research is Classroom Action Research which was perfomed in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four meetings. The quantitative data analysis showed that the students mean score increased continually from 44,16 in pre-test, 59,17 in formative test, and 70,83 in post-test. And the percentage of the students who passed the mastery minimum criteria from pre-test to post-test is 60,39%. The qualitative data analysis showed that the students responses after being taught by using Dictogloss technique. It can be seen from observation sheets and field notes; they felt more enthusiastic and motivated to learn vocabulary mastery after Dictogloss technique was applied. The questionnaire data also showed that students are agree with the application of using Dictogloss technique and found it effective in teaching vocabulary mastery. It is suggested that English teachers using Dictogloss technique as an alternative media in teaching vocabulary to the students in Senior High School in order to enhance their studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery.
APPLYING PEER TEACHING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTSâ€™ GRAMMAR ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Sembiring Novalina
Published: October 2021

This study was aimed to improve the studentsâ€™ grammar achievement, especially in using conditional sentences by applying peer teaching technique. The subject of the study was the third semester students of English Education Study Program in academic year 2017/ 2018. This study was conducted by applying Classroom Action Research (CAR) which had been conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of three meetings. The instruments of collecting data were quantitative data (grammar test and questionnaire) and qualitative data (observation checklist and fieldnotes). The results of the test showed that the mean score of pre test was 15, formative test was 35 and post test was 63. The result of observation checklist and fieldnotes showed that the students were interested in teaching and learning conditional sentences by applying peer teaching technique. These indicated that there was a significant improvement of the studentsâ€™ grammar achievement by applying peer teaching technique.
THE APPLICATION OF CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS THE CASE OF LEARNING LATIN LANGUAGE
Authors: Lumban Raja Viator , Pangaribuan Jontra Jusat
Published: October 2021

This paper tries to answer the question whether or not the Contrastive Analysis Theory can be applied in the methodology of teaching all languages universally. Some linguists and methodologists of teaching such as Lado, Fries, Lee, Corder, Stockwell and Martin, claimed that this theory is applicable in teaching second or foreign language. This paper will argue that it is not, and it will be supported with an example of the case I learning Latin language.
Effectiveness of Blended Approach in Teaching and Learning of Language Skills in Saudi Context: A Case Study
Authors: Ahmad Jameel
Published: October 2021

The blended approach serves as an effective interface between web-based and face-to-face teaching and learning of language skills. It offers the best of both and commoditizes broad-based teaching and learning avenues thereby bringing the whole teaching and learning process to life. An empirical study conducted on EFL/ESP teachers and learners of Saudi universities indicates that adopting a fully online or a fully offline approach is not as effective as a blended approach. The overwhelming majority of the respondents illustrate that a blended approach offers a rich variety of alternatives combining both online and offline platforms. It is also evident from the findings of the current study that even a technophobic teacher of the old generation can enrich his pedagogical effectiveness while navigating and integrating a vast variety of authentic online resources in his face-to-face teaching. Nevertheless, a learner can also learn language skills effectively by interacting with the dynamic instructors in a face-to-face environment and by repeatedly using online audio-video learning resources at his convenient time. In fact, modern learners are becoming more tech-savvy owing to an exponential growth of Internet usage during the current pandemic of COVID-19, and hence willing to embrace digital learning to enhance their learning experiences. So, let both get intertwined and go hand in hand to revitalize both teaching and learning activities. The amalgamation of the interactive dynamic environment of offline and individualized/independent learning online offers a rounded learning experience.

 
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 10, No. 6
Authors: Smith Wendy
Published: October 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2021
N(2,2,0) Algebras and Related Topic
Authors: Deng Fang-an , Re ShengZhang , Zheng Peng
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we investigate the elementary properties of the N(2,2,0)-algebra. Especially, some properties of nilpotent N(2,2,0)-algebras are presented. Also some relationships between nilpotent N(2,2,0)-algebra and other algebras with the type of (2,0) are obtained.
Effects of concentrate level and chromium-methionine supplementation on the performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and meat quality of Tan lambs
Authors: Jin Yadong , Zhou Yuxiang
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentrate level and chromium-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of Tan lambs.Methods: Sixty male Tan lambs (21±1.23 kg body weight) fed a finishing diet (concentrate-to-forage ratio: 35:65 [LC group] or 55:45 [HC group]) with daily Cr-Met supplementation (0, 0.75, or 1.50 g) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments.Results: Lambs from the HC group had higher average daily gain, dry matter (DM) digestibility, dressing percentages, leg proportions, intramuscular fat (IMF) contents, and saturated fatty acid levels, but lower feed conversion ratios, globulin (GLB) and total protein (TP) concentrations, shear force, and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels (all p<0.05). Cr-Met supplementation increased the DM digestibility, GLB and TP concentrations, rack and loin percentages, and cooking loss, but decreased the IMF contents and leg proportions (all p<0.05). Cr-Met supplementation at 0.75 g/d increased the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in both the HC and LC groups (p<0.01). Significant interactions between the concentrate level and Cr-Met dosage were observed for MUFA (p<0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (p<0.01) levels. Meat from the lambs fed an unsupplemented LC diet presented the highest PUFA and MUFA levels (p<0.01). However, the MUFA and PUFA levels decreased significantly with increasing Cr-Met supplementation levels in the LC group (p<0.01), whereas the opposite trend was seen in the HC group.Conclusion: The HC diet improved the growth performance of Tan lambs, increased their profitability by increasing leg and rack joint proportions, and improved meat quality by promoting an IMF content that was more visibly acceptable to consumers. Cr-Met supplementation at 0.75 g/d in a HC diet was the best choice and may be economically beneficial.
Indigenous chicken production in Fiji Islands: knowledge, constraints and opportunities
Authors: Zindove Titus Jairus , Bakare Archibold Garikayi , Iji Paul Ade
Published: October 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to understand and document socio-economic characteristics, production parameters, challenges and management practices used by Fijian households which keep indigenous chickens.Methods: A survey involving 200 households was carried out in coastal and inland communities of Fiji’s wet and semi-dry ecoregions. Data on the influence of ecoregion and location of households relative to the sea on management practices, challenges and productivity of indigenous chickens were analyzed using logistic regression and general linear model of SAS software.Results: Irrespective of location relative to the sea and ecoregion, households indicated that they kept indigenous chickens for food and income generation. The Welsummer was the most (p>0.05) preferred breed. Households in the semi-dry inland communities had the largest (p<0.05) flocks compared to those in semi-dry coastal communities and the wet region. Chickens in the semi-dry region performed better (p<0.05) than those in the wet region in terms of number of clutches per year and mature live weight. Predators and feed shortages were the biggest challenges faced by households in all areas. The mongoose was ranked as the most (p>0.05) common predator followed by domestic dogs. Most households in the wet ecoregion’s coastal communities housed their chickens at night, whereas communities in semi-dry ecoregion housed their chickens most of the time (p<0.05). In all regions, no households sold their chickens to commercial markets (p>0.05). Households in semi-dry ecoregion were more likely (p>0.05) to sell their chickens at the local market place.Conclusion: The productivity of local chickens in Fiji is low because of feed shortage, predators such as the mongoose and lack of market linkages.
Effects of stress after road transportation and oral administration of chromium and meloxicam on plasma cortisol concentrations and behavior in dairy calves
Authors: Jung Da Jin Sol , Lee Jaesung , Kim Do Hyun , Beak Seok-Hyeon , Hong Soo Jong , Jeong In Hyuk , Yoo Seon Pil , Lee Jin Oh , Cho In Gu , Fassah Dilla Mareistia , Kim Hyun Jin , Baik Myunggi
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was performed to determine the effects of stress after road transportation and oral administration of chromium and meloxicam on growth performance, plasma cortisol, serum metabolites, and behavior in dairy calves.Methods: A total of 50 Holstein heifers (average body weight [BW]: 172±4.19 kg; average age: 5.53±0.12 months) were randomly assigned to five groups including NL (not transported + D-lactose; 1 mg/kg BW), TL (transported + D-lactose; 1 mg/kg BW), TC (transported + chromium; 0.5 mg/kg dry matter [DM] feed), TM (transported + meloxicam; 1 mg/kg BW), and TMC (transported + combination of meloxicam and chromium; 1 mg/kg BW and 0.5 mg/kg DM, respectively). Doses of D-lactose monohydrate, meloxicam, and chromium were prepared for oral administration by suspension in 15 mL of water in a 20-mL dosing syringe. Blood was collected before transportation, immediately after 120 km of transportation (IAT), and at 6, 24, and 48 h after transportation.Results: Neither transportation nor administration of meloxicam and/or chromium affected (p = 0.99) average daily gain and feed intake. Plasma cortisol concentrations in the NL group (average 0.13 and 0.18 nmol/L, respectively) were lower (p<0.001) compared to the TL group (average 0.39 and 0.61 nmol/L, respectively) at IAT and 48 h after transportation. At 48 h after transportation, cortisol concentrations were lower (p<0.05) in the TC group (average 0.22 nmol/L) than in the TL group (average 0.61 nmol/L), and TC calves had similar cortisol concentrations to NL calves. Lying duration (min/d) was shorter (p<0.05) in the TL group than in the NL group at 2 d after transportation. Lying duration was longer (p<0.05) for the TC and TMC groups than for the TL group at 2 d after transportation.Conclusion: Transportation increased cortisol concentrations and affected lying behavior, while chromium administration reduced cortisol concentrations and changed lying behavior. Thus, chromium administration before transportation may be a viable strategy to alleviate stress elicited by road transportation.
Identification of polymorphic loci in the deiodinase 2 gene and their associations with head dimensions in geese
Authors: Deng Yan , Hu Qian , Tang Bincheng , Ouyang Qingyuan , Hu Shenqiang , Hu Bo , Hu Jiwei , He Hua , Chen Guohong , Wang Jiwen
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to clone and compare the molecular characteristics of the deiodinase 2 (DIO2) gene between Sichuan White geese and Landes geese, and to analyze the association between polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene and head dimensions in Tianfu meat geese.Methods: The coding sequence of the DIO2 gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and vector ligation and aligned by DNAMAN software. A total of 350 Tianfu meat geese were used to genotype the polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene and measure the head dimensions. Association analysis between the polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene and head dimensions was carried out.Results: An 840-bp coding sequence of the DIO2 gene was obtained and comparison analysis identified four polymorphic loci between Sichuan White geese and Landes geese. Further analysis showed that the dominant alleles for the four polymorphic loci were G, G, A, and T and the frequency of the heterozygous genotype was higher than that of the homozygous genotype in Tianfu meat geese. Compared to that in the population of non-knob geese of Tianfu meat geese, the head dimensions in the population of knob geese were significantly higher except for nostril height. However, in the non-knob geese, beak width 1, beak width 2, nostril length, cranial width 1, and maxillary length had significant differences among different genotypes or haplotypes/diplotypes.Conclusion: These results suggested that polymorphisms of the DIO2 gene could be considered molecular markers to select larger heads of geese in the population of non-knob geese.