bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anxiety is contagious—symptoms of anxiety in the terminally ill child affect long‐term psychological well‐being in bereaved parents
Authors: Jalmsell Li , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Onelöv Erik , Steineck Gunnar , Henter Jan‐Inge
Published: February 2010

Background

We studied the relation between unrelieved symptoms in terminally ill children and the psychological well‐being in the bereaved parents 4–9 years after their loss.

Procedure

We contacted parents in Sweden who had lost a child to a malignancy 1992–1997. The parents were asked to assess symptoms affecting their child's well‐being during his or her last month of life, and their own current psychological well‐being.

Results

Altogether 449/561 (80%) eligible parents supplied information on 19 specific symptoms that may occur in children with a malignancy and how each of these symptoms had affected their child's well‐being during his or her last month of life (not applicable, none, low, moderate, or severe). These results were linked to questions concerning the parents' self‐assessed mental health. Parents of children who were affected by disturbed sleep also had increased risk to develop these symptoms; RR 2.0 [1.4–2.9] for depression, 1.8 [1.3–2.5] for anxiety, 1.5 [1.2–1.8] for decreased psychological well‐being, and 1.5 [1.3–1.9] for decreased quality of life.

Conclusions

Bereaved parents whose children were affected by anxiety or disturbed sleep due to anxiety or pain had an increased risk of long‐term psychological morbidity. Reducing psychological complications in seriously ill children may also improve the psychological well‐being in bereaved parents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:751–757. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pre‐ and postnatal diagnosis and outcome of fetuses and neonates with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: de Jong E. M. , de Haan M. A. M , Gischler S. J. , Hop W. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Bax N. M. A. , de Klein A. , Tibboel D. , Grijseels E. W. M.
Published: January 2010

Objectives

Clinical symptoms and ultrasound signs during pregnancy could suggest the presence of esophageal atresia (EA). However, most often EA is diagnosed postnatally. The aim of our study is to evaluate the course and outcome for prenatally and postnatally diagnosed EA. In addition, we studied the outcome of isolated versus nonisolated EA.

Methods

In a retrospective data analysis, ultrasound characteristics, maternal and neonatal variables as well as clinical outcome were compared for fetuses/neonates with prenatal (n = 30) or postnatal (n = 49) diagnosis of EA. Clinical outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality of isolated EA was compared with that of EA complicated by chromosomal or structural anomalies.

Results

Prenatally diagnosed children were born 2 weeks earlier than postnatally diagnosed children (36.4 weeks vs 38.2 weeks; P = 0.02). The former had higher mortality rates (30 vs 12%; P = 0.05) and more associated anomalies (80 vs 59%; P = 0.04). In both subsets, there was a high morbidity rate in the survivors (not significant). Nonisolated EA was associated with greater occurrence of polyhydramnios (53 vs 27%; P = 0.04) and higher mortality rate (28 vs 0%; P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Mortality was significantly higher in prenatally diagnosed infants and in infants with additional congenital anomalies. Isolated EA is associated with good outcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telehealth as adjunctive therapy in insulin pump treated patients: a pilot study
Authors: Everett J , Kerr D
Published: February 2010

New National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance is likely to increase the use of insulin pump therapy, and the challenge for diabetes teams is to maintain the initial improvement in HbA1c without extra resources. A telehealth system has been developed where both health professionals and patients can view downloaded pump and blood glucose data.

A pilot study in patients with HbA1c >8%, using pump therapy for more than a year, demonstrated a mean reduction from 9.3% to 8.2% at 12 months after using the telehealth system. Patient satisfaction with the system reported more understanding, insight and control by viewing the data, as well as easy access to the health professional. This pilot study has demonstrated that, for some people, using a telehealth approach has resulted in improved diabetes control. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Categorizing Risks in Seven Large Projects—Which Risks Do the Projects Focus On?
Authors: Krane Hans Petter , Rolstadås Asbjørn , Olsson Nils O. E.
Published: January 2010

In a hierarchy of project objectives, strategic objectives will often be principally different from the operational ones. Operational objectives concern the project outputs/results, and strategic objectives concern the project goal and purpose. In this study, risks are categorized as risks to operational, long-term, or short-term strategic objectives, and, by studying a dataset of some 1,450 risk elements that make up the risk registers of seven large projects, we examine how operational and strategic risks are distributed in the projects. The study strongly indicates that risks to a project's strategic objectives rarely occur in the project's risk registers, though project success and failure stories indicate their importance.
Discovery of putative oocyte quality markers by comparative ExacTag proteomics
Authors: Powell Michael D. , Manandhar Gaurishankar , Spate Lee , Sutovsky Miriam , Zimmerman Shawn , Sachdev Shrikesh C. , Hannink Mark , Prather Randall S. , Sutovsky Peter
Published: January 2010

Purpose: Identification of the biomarkers of oocyte quality, and developmental and reprogramming potential is of importance to assisted reproductive technology in humans and animals.

Experimental design: PerkinElmer ExacTag™ Kit was used to label differentially proteins in pig oocyte extracts (oocyte proteome) and pig oocyte‐conditioned in vitro maturation media (oocyte secretome) obtained with high‐ and low‐quality oocytes.

Results: We identified 16 major proteins in the oocyte proteome that were expressed differentially in high‐ versus low‐quality oocytes. More abundant proteins in the high‐quality oocyte proteome included kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (an adaptor for ubiquitin‐ligase CUL3), nuclear export factor CRM1 and ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated protein kinase. Dystrophin (DMD) was more abundant in low‐quality oocytes. In the secretome, we identified 110 proteins, including DMD and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, two proteins implicated in muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis, respectively. Monoubiquitin was identified in the low‐quality‐oocyte secretome.

Conclusions and clinical implications: A direct, quantitative proteomic analysis of small oocyte protein samples can identify potential markers of oocyte quality without the need for a large amount of total protein. This approach will be applied to discovery of non‐invasive biomarkers of oocyte quality in assisted human reproduction and in large animal embryo transfer programs.
Comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in primary retinoblastoma tumors
Authors: Mallikarjuna Kandalam , Sundaram Curam Sreenivasacharlu , Sharma Yogendra , Deepa Perinkulam Ravi , Khetan Vikas , Gopal Lingam , Biswas Jyotirmay , Sharma Tarun , Krishnakumar Subramanian
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To understand the disease mechanism and to identify the potential tumor markers that would help in therapeutics, comparative proteomic analysis of 29 retinoblastoma (RB) tumors was performed using 14 non‐neoplastic retinas (age ranged from 45 to 89 years) as control tissues.

Experimental design: 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF‐TOF MS/MS were used to identify differentially expressed proteins.

Results: Twenty‐seven distinct differentially expressed proteins were identified, including 16 upregulated 11 downregulated proteins. Significantly, higher mRNA levels of apolipoprotein A1 (p<0.001), transferrin (TF; p<0.001), CRABP2 (p<0.001), α‐crystallin A (CRYAA; p<0.001) were observed in RBs when compared with normal retinas and hence are consistent with the proteomic data. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for selected proteins on paraffin RB blocks to confirm protein expression. RB with invasion showed significantly higher expression by 2‐DE‐MS/MS analysis of CRABP2 (p<0.001), peroxiredoxin 6 (p=0.025), apolipoprotein A1 (p<0.001), recoverin (p<0.001).

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Thus, this study provides a dynamic protein profile of RB tumors, which could provide clues to study the mechanisms of RB oncogenesis and possibly be developed as potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapy.
Revisiting the Warburg effect in cancer cells with proteomics. The emergence of new approaches to diagnosis, prognosis and therapy
Authors: Scatena Roberto , Bottoni Patrizia , Pontoglio Alessandro , Giardina Bruno
Published: January 2010

Most cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of glycolysis and this metabolic pathway seems to be related to a greater glucose uptake. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is considered one of the most fundamental metabolic alterations during malignant transformation. Originally, Warburg hypothesised that the aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells could be just an aspect of a more complex metabolic adaptation. However, this intriguing discovery was partially misinterpreted and disregarded over time. In recent years, the peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism have been re‐evaluated in light of new metabolic data that seem to confirm and to widen the original concept of the Warburg effect. In fact, biochemical, molecular, and, above all, proteomic studies on the multifaceted roles of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells in general, and in cancer stem cells in particular, seem to suggest more complex functional adaptations. These adaptations result in significantly altered protein expression patterns, and they have fundamental implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Revisiting the Warburg effect in cancer cells with a proteomic approach could deepen our knowledge of cancer cell metabolism and of cancer cell biology in general. Moreover, by identifying useful diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets, it could significantly impact clinical practice.
Customising an antibody leukocyte capture microarray for systemic lupus erythematosus: Beyond biomarker discovery
Authors: Ho Joshua W. K. , Lin Ming‐Wei , Adelstein Stephen , dos Remedios Cristobal G.
Published: January 2010

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that has heterogeneous clinical manifestation with diverse patterns of organ involvement, autoantibody profiles and varying degrees of severity of disease. Research and clinical experience indicate that different subtypes of SLE patients will likely benefit from more tailored treatment regimes, but we currently lack a fast and objective test with high enough sensitivity to enable us to perform such sub‐grouping for clinical use. In this article, we review how proteomic technologies could be used as such an objective test. In particular, we extensively review many leukocyte surface markers that are known to have an association with the pathogenesis of SLE, and we discuss how these markers can be used in the further development of a novel SLE‐specific antibody leukocyte capture microarray. In addition, we review some bioinformatics challenges and current methods for using the data generated by these cell‐capture microarrays in clinical use. In a broader context, we hope our experience in developing a disease specific cell‐capture microarray for clinical application can be a guide to other proteomic practitioners who intend to extend their technologies to develop clinical diagnostic and prognostic tests for complex diseases.
Small gold species supported on alumina. A computational study of α‐Al2O3(0001) and γ‐Al2O3(001) using an embedded‐cluster approach
Authors: Nasluzov Vladimir A. , Shulimovich Tatyana V. , Shor Aleksey M. , Bukhtiyarov Valery I. , Rösch Notker
Published: January 2010

We calculated the structures of and analyzed the bonding in adsorption complexes of small gold species Aun on α‐Al2O3(0001), n = 1–6, and γ‐Al2O3(001), n = 1–5. We applied a scalar‐relativistic gradient‐corrected density functional (DF) method to cluster models of the support that were embedded in an extended elastic polarizable environment (EPE). The shortest AuO distances, 204–211 pm, are consistent with extended X‐ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS) data for gold clusters on alumina surfaces. The calculated total adsorption energies increase with cluster nuclearity, up to n = 4, but drop for larger adsorbed species. In the gas phase, these small gold clusters exhibit a planar structure which they keep, oriented parallel to the surface, as adsorbates on α‐Al2O3(0001). Unfavorable energy contributions result for larger clusters as their planar shape is notably distorted by the interaction with the support which amounts to 0.5–1.5 eV. On γ‐Al2O3(001), also the larger gold clusters retain their intrinsic planar structure as they adsorb oriented perpendicular to the surface. The corresponding adsorption energies are slightly smaller, 0.3–1.2 eV.
Characterisation and cleaning of oxide support materials for cavity ring‐down spectroscopy
Authors: Kartouzian Aras , Thämer Martin , Heiz Ulrich
Published: January 2010

Cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been applied to characterise different oxide materials (amorphous silica, borosilicate and yttria stabilised zirconia YSZ) which are suitable to be used as support material for size‐selected metal clusters. The sensitivity of the spectroscopic method was improved by means of transversal mode matching and spatial filtering of the laser beam profile, reducing the relative error by 50%. The high sensitivity of CRDS allows the detection of trace amounts of impurities and defect sites in the samples, based on their absorption properties. In YSZ, traces of Nd have been detected. The optical quality of the substrates was determined qualitatively according to the measured optical losses. CRDS surface maps have been used to monitor the homogeneity of the support materials, and the influence of ion bombardment on the surface has been studied. It is shown that in the case of BK7® substrates, sputtering with low energy Ar+ ions could remove deposited gold clusters almost completely causing very low damage to the surface. These results were confirmed analytically.
Kinetic Monte Carlo study of self‐organization of low‐dimensional nanostructures on fcc (110) surfaces
Authors: Negulyaev Nikolay N. , Stepanyuk Oleg V. , Niebergall Larissa , Saletsky Alexander M.
Published: January 2010

Performing large‐scale atomic simulations by means of kinetic Monte Carlo method we study room temperature self‐organization of 3d magnetic atoms (Fe, Co) on fcc (110) surfaces (Pd(110), Cu(110)) in the sub‐monolayer regime. The energetics of various diffusion processes relevant for these systems is investigated based on first principles calculations. We reveal that surface‐confined atomic intermixing plays a significant role in the formation of nanostructures. Our results lead to the conclusion that the deposited species (Fe, Co) are captured into the topmost surface layer, while the ad‐layer structure consists mainly of the expelled substrate atoms (Pd, Cu). Our studies shed a light on recent experimental investigations on the metal‐on‐metal growth on fcc (110) surfaces.
Evolution of nanostructure with reaction time for ZnS synthesized by solvothermal process
Authors: Paul Gouri Sankar , Agarwal Pratima
Published: January 2010

ZnS nanostructures has been successfully synthesized from zinc acetate [(CH3COO)2Zn; 2H2O] and thiourea (NH2CSNH2) by solvothermal process with ethylenediamine (en) solvent at 180 °C for three different reaction times (1 h, 3 h and 5 h) respectively. Various techniques such as XRD, SEM and TEM are employed for structural characterization whereas the composition and chemical purity are determined using EDAX. Photoluminescence studies show broad emission peak around 360 nm corresponding to Zn2+ and S2‐ transitions. In addition, two small sharp peaks originating from vacancy and interstitial states are also observed. Electrical transport studies at room temperature and above predict thermally activated behavior typical of semiconductors (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rough glass by 3d texture transfer for silicon thin film solar cells
Authors: Zhang Wendi , Bunte Eerke , Worbs Janine , Siekmann Hilde , Kirchhoff Joachim , Gordijn Aad , Hüpkes Jürgen
Published: January 2010

Textured glass is prepared by ion beam treatment using wet chemically etched ZnO film as three dimensional etching mask. The shape and rms roughness of the textured glass can be adjusted by changing the initial ZnO thickness, wet‐chemical etching duration and ion beam etching parameters. The maximum rms roughness we achieved is 228 nm, with lateral feature size larger than 2 μm. The glass texturing process allows to study scattering already at the glass/TCO interface to enhance the refractive index step from rough material to silicon. First microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cells grown on the textured glass reveal certain light trapping effect with a short circuit current density up to 20 mA/cm2. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrasharp Si nanowires produced by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Červenka J. , Ledinský M. , Stuchlíková H. , Stuchlík J. , Výborný Z. , Holovský J. , Hruška K. , Fejfar A. , Kočka J.
Published: January 2010

Conical silicon nanowires have been grown by gold nanoparticle catalyzed plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This method produces Si nanowires with a very fast growth rate (1 μm/min) and unique sharpness (<10 nm). Raman spectroscopy has proved the presence of both crystalline and amorphous Si in the grown Si nanowire layer. The fast growth process of Si nanowires with dimensions below 10 nm holds promises in various applications in electronics, photovoltaics and atomic force microscopy.

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(© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Power factor measurements of bismuth telluride nanowires grown by pulsed electrodeposition
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Kim Yunseok , Cagnon Laurent , Gösele Ulrich , Lee Jaeyoung , Nielsch Kornelius
Published: January 2010

The power factors of bismuth telluride nanowires were determined. Large‐scale thermopower measurements of the nanowire arrays were performed under a constant thermal gradient. The local electrical resistance of individual nanowires inside alumina matrix was investigated at ambient conditions by a conductive tip attached to an atomic force microscope (AFM). In order to prevent oxide formation on the nanowire tips, an Au electrode segment was electrochemically deposited onto the nanowires. The optimized structural properties led to a significant improvement of the electrical conductivity of the nanowires from 0.053 to 0.169 × 106 (Ω m)–1 and their Seebeck coefficient also increased moderately from 46.6 μV/K to 55 μV/K. Based on our measurement approach, the determined maximum power factor is 476.3 μW/mK2, which is one of the highest reported values for electrodeposited Bi2Te3 nanowires. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Macroporous Si as an absorber for thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Brendel Rolf , Ernst Marco
Published: January 2010

We separate 15 μm to 32 μm thick macroporous Si films from n‐type crystalline Si wafers by electrochemical etching under back‐side illumination. These layers are surface passivated and have openings in the oxide, for local doping and contacting, over 1% of the cell area. We measure effective lifetimes within a range of 2 to 3 μs. With an analytical model for the effective lifetime in macroporous Si we find an average surface recombination velocity of 75 cm/s, dominantly caused by the contact openings. The measured optical absorption of a 26 μm thick layer allows for a maximum short circuit current density of 37 mA/cm2. The potential efficiency with the current surface passivation quality is 17%. The material loss for separating the macroporous absorber from the wafer is 5 μm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic properties of two‐dimensional hydrogenated and semihydrogenated hexagonal boron nitride sheets
Authors: Wang Yanli
Published: January 2010

Using first‐principles calculations, we investigate the electronic properties of two‐dimensional hydrogenated and semihydrogenated hexagonal boron nitride (BN) sheets. We find that the hydrogenation effects in BN sheets are quite different from those in the graphene sheets. The hydrogenization changes the band character of BN sheets, which causes the hydrogenated BN sheet having a smaller band gap than the pristine one. While for the semihydrogenated one, the stable B‐semihydro BN sheet is a ferromagnetic metal due to the unpaired 2pz electrons of N atoms. Our studies demonstrate that the electronic properties of BN sheets can be well tuned by the hydrogenation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bipolar resistive switching in amorphous titanium oxide thin film
Authors: Jeong Hu Young , Lee Jeong Yong , Ryu Min‐Ki , Choi Sung‐Yool
Published: January 2010

Using isothermal and temperature‐dependent electrical measurements, we investigated the resistive switching mechanism of amorphous titanium oxide thin films deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) between two aluminum electrodes. We found a bipolar resistive switching (BRS) behavior only in the high temperature region (>140 K) and two activation energies (0.055 eV and 0.13 eV) for the carrier transport in the ohmic current regime. We attribute this discrepancy to the change of the bulk TiO2 Fermi energy level (Ef) induced by the reversible movement of oxygen ions in the vicinity of the Al top electrode region. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gradient‐doping of a conductive polymer film with a layer‐by‐layer approach
Authors: Kaune Gunar , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: January 2010

Based on a layer‐by‐layer approach a graded doping profile is introduced in a thin film of the conductive polymer poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) using 2,4,7‐trinitro‐9‐fluorenone (TNF) as dopant. Three PVK layers with different TNF concentrations are subsequently spin coated on top of each other and due to intermixing at the interfaces a smooth transition between the single layers is achieved. X‐ray reflectivity data of the doped film show a (pp–p–i)‐type profile. With the intrinsic region at the bottom and the highly doped region at the film surface the installed doping profile will have large application potential in organic solar cells.

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(© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CuInSe2 low‐cost thin‐film solar cells made from commercial elemental metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Ungelenk Jan , Haug Veronika , Quintilla Aina , Ahlswede Erik
Published: January 2010

We present a method to prepare low‐cost CuInSe2 (CIS) solar cells using commercially available low‐grade elemental Cu and In nanoparticles without prior synthesis of CIS nanoparticle precursors. A simple non‐vacuum ink deposition method is used where the nanoparticles are dispersed in alcohol and deposited onto a Mo/glass substrate in ambient atmosphere. Depending on the reduction and selenization steps, a compact CIS top layer comprising grains up to a few hundred nano‐ meters in size was observed to have formed using SEM and XRD. Complete solar cells were prepared by conventional methods, leading to a conversion efficiency well above 3%. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lithium storage in silicon
Authors: Neumann Gerold , Würsig Andreas
Published: January 2010

The Expert Opinion is written by a distinguished scientist and presents his personal view on important and relevant new results of research, highlighting their significance and putting the work into perspective for a broader audience. Please send comments to pss.rapid@wiley‐vch.de or to the author. The text by G. Neumann and A. Würsig refers to the Rapid Research Letter by H. Föll et al., published in this issue of Phys. Status Solidi RRL 4, 4–6 (2010). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrophilic and morphological aspects of films based on quaternary salts of chitosan for edible applications
Authors: de Britto Douglas , Assis Odilio B.G.
Published: February 2010

Aiming to improve the homogeneity of films based on chitosan to be applied as edible coating, we carried out some chemical modifications in the polymeric structure by reductive alkylation and quaternization reactions. The resulting derivatives had different hydrophilic behaviours and cast films were characterized by wetting, swelling and topographic measurements. Concerning wetting, all samples presented similar time dependence with receding water contact angles. The quaternized chitosans were the most hydrophilic derivatives, with lower values of contact angles when compared with the parent sample. These derivatives also exhibited a higher swelling tendency. The analysis shows that the relative amount of absorbed water increases according to the length of moiety added. In general, the cast films of chitosan showed good homogeneity, displaying low roughness and regular distribution over a polar surface. On the other hand, alkyl quaternary salts showed an irregular topography with undulation and mountain‐like formation due probably to agglomeration of polymeric chains. The final film morphology was dependent on the polymer solubility, as observed by microscopic techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Under‐reporting of food intake is frequent among Brazilian free‐living older persons: a doubly labelled water study
Authors: Ferriolli Eduardo , Pfrimer Karina , Moriguti Julio C. , Lima Nereida K. C. , Moriguti Eny K. U. , Formighieri Paulo F. , Scagliusi Fernanda B. , Marchini Julio S.
Published: January 2010

The assessment of food intake is essential for the development of dietetic interventions. Accuracy is low when intake is assessed by questionnaires, the under‐reporting of food intake being frequent. Most such studies, however, were performed in developed countries and there is little data about the older population of developing nations. This study aimed to verify the total energy expenditure (TEE) of independent older Brazilians living in an urban area, through the doubly labelled water (DLW) method and to compare it with the reported energy intake obtained through the application of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Initially, 100 volunteers aged from 60 to 75 years had their body composition determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Five volunteers of each quartile of body fat percentage had their energy expenditure determined by DLW. The mean age of the subjects included in this phase of the study was 66.4 ± 3.5 years, and ten of the subjects were men. The mean TEE was 2565 ± 614 and 2154 ± 339 kcal.day−1 for men and women, respectively. The Physical Activity Level (PAL) was 1.58 ± 0.31 and 1.52 ± 0.22, respectively. Under‐reporting of food intake was highly prevalent, with a mean percentage of reported intake in relation to measured TEE of −17.7%. Thus, under‐reporting of food intake is highly prevalent among Brazilian independent older persons. The DLW method is an important tool in nutritional studies and its use is to be recommended in developing countries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testability and repair of hereditary hypergraph properties
Authors: Austin Tim , Tao Terence
Published: January 2010

Recent works of Alon–Shapira (A characterization of the (natural) graph properties testable with one‐sided error. Available at: http://www.math.tau.ac.il/∼nogaa/PDFS/heredit2.pdf) and Rödl–Schacht (Generalizations of the removal lemma, Available at: http://www.informatik.hu‐berlin.de/∼schacht/pub/preprints/gen_removal.pdf) have demonstrated that every hereditary property of undirected graphs or hypergraphs is testable with one‐sided error; informally, this means that if a graph or hypergraph satisfies that property “locally” with sufficiently high probability, then it can be perturbed (or “repaired”) into a graph or hypergraph which satisfies that property “globally.”

In this paper we make some refinements to these results, some of which may be surprising. In the positive direction, we strengthen the results to cover hereditary properties of multiple directed polychromatic graphs and hypergraphs. In the case of undirected graphs, we extend the result to continuous graphs on probability spaces and show that the repair algorithm is “local” in the sense that it only depends on a bounded amount of data; in particular, the graph can be repaired in a time linear in the number of edges. We also show that local repairability also holds for monotone or partite hypergraph properties (this latter result is also implicitly in (Ishigamis work Removal lemma for infinitely‐many forbidden hypergraphs and property testing. Available at: arXiv.org: math.CO/0612669)). In the negative direction, we show that local repairability breaks down for directed graphs or for undirected 3‐uniform hypergraphs. The reason for this contrast in behavior stems from (the limitations of) Ramsey theory. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Edge flows in the complete random‐lengths network
Authors: Aldous David J. , Bhamidi Shankar
Published: January 2010

Consider the complete n‐vertex graph whose edge‐lengths are independent exponentially distributed random variables. Simultaneously for each pair of vertices, put a constant flow between them along the shortest path. Each edge gets some random total flow. In the n→∞limit we find explicitly the empirical distribution of these edge‐flows, suitably normalized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Opportunity costs and non‐scale free capabilities: profit maximization, corporate scope, and profit margins
Authors: Levinthal Daniel A. , Wu Brian
Published: January 2010

The resource‐based view on firm diversification, subsequent to Penrose (1959), has focused primarily on the fungibility of resources across domains. We make a clear analytical distinction between scale free capabilities and those that are subject to opportunity costs and must be allocated to one use or another, thereby shifting the discourse back to Penrose's (1959) original argument regarding the stock of organizational capabilities. The existence of resources and capabilities that must be allocated across alternative uses implies that profit‐maximizing diversification decisions should be based upon the opportunity cost of their use in one domain or another. This opportunity cost logic provides a rational explanation for the divergence between total profits and profit margins. Firms make profit‐maximizing decisions to increase total profit via diversification when the industries in which they are currently competing become relatively mature. Due to the spreading of these capabilities across more segments, we may observe that firms' profit‐maximizing diversification actions lead to total profit growth but lower average returns. The model provides an alternative explanation for empirical observations regarding the diversification discount. The self‐selection effect noted in recent work in corporate finance may not be indicative of inferior capabilities of diversifying firms but of the limited opportunity contexts in which these firms are operating. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing practices for reuse in integration‐oriented software product lines and large open source software projects
Authors: van Gurp Jilles , Prehofer Christian , Bosch Jan
Published: January 2010

This article compares the organization and practices for software reuse in integration‐oriented software product lines (SPLs) and open source software projects. The main observation is that both approaches are successful regarding large variability and reuse, but differ widely in their practices and organization. To capture practices in large open source projects, we describe an open compositional model, which reflects their more decentralized organization of software development. We capture key practices and organizational forms for this and validate these by comparing four case studies of this model. Two of these studies are based on published SPL case studies, for the other two we analyze the practices in two large and successful open source projects based on their published developer documentation. Our analysis highlights key differences between the practices in the two open source organizations and the more integrational practices used in the other two cases. Finally, we discuss which practices are successful in which environment and how the current practices can move towards more open, widely scoped and distributed software development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tordieren von Glasplatten – ein (kaltes) Kunststück
Authors: Staaks Dries , Niderehe Stephan , Eekhout Mick
Published: January 2010

In der heutigen Architektur sind komplexe, frei geformte Gebäudegeometrien kein Einzelfall mehr. Die Entwurfswerkzeuge der Architekten und Ingenieure lassen eine detaillierte Ausarbeitung dieser Geometrien mittlerweile zu. Während der Bauausführung verursachen diese Aufgaben jedoch öfter noch Probleme. Für Glasfassaden und ‐dächer gibt es dabei mehrere Lösungsansätze. Dieser Aufsatz geht auf eine, bis jetzt noch nicht oft angewandte Technik ein, dem kalten Verformen von Glasplatten.
Das Bauprodukt “warm gebogenes Glas” – Prüfverfahren, Festigkeiten und Qualitätssicherung
Authors: Bucak Ömer , Feldmann Markus , Kasper Ruth , Bues Martin , Illguth Marcus
Published: January 2010

Warm gebogene Glasscheiben werden in den letzten Jahren vermehrt verwendet. Die Industrie bietet warm gebogene Glasscheiben als technisch gekühlte oder thermisch vorgespannte Gläser an. Eine Weiterveredelung zu Verbundglas ist ebenfalls möglich. Aufgrund der fehlenden Produkt‐ und Anwendungsnormen für warm gebogenes Glas und aufgetretener Schadensfälle mit bisher teils ungeklärter Schadensursache bestehen in der Praxis Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der Festigkeit und der Qualitätskriterien für gebogene Glasscheiben. Das Forschungsprojekt “Tragverhalten von gebogenen Gläsern im Bauwesen” – gefördert durch das Förderprogramm FH3 der Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF) – untersuchte gezielt die Festigkeit und die Qualitätskriterien von warm gebogenen Glasscheiben.
Ganzglasfassade trägt Dach aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff
Authors: Haas Christoph
Published: January 2010

Eine Ganzglasfassade trägt das Dach des Empfangsgebäudes des “Novartis Campus” in Basel und stabilisiert das Gebäude gegen Wind und Erdbeben. Grundbaustein der Fassade ist ein U‐förmiges Element, bestehend aus einem Isolierglas und zwei aussteifenden Glasschwertern. Demgegenüber integriert das Dach aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK) alle Funktionen (Tragfunktion, Wasserdichtigkeit, thermische Isolation, Gestaltung etc.) in einem einzigen, monolithischen Bauteil. Besondere Beachtung gilt der Kraftübertragung zwischen Fassade und Dach, da die beiden Bauteile ein unterschiedliches thermisches Dehnungsverhalten aufweisen. Trotz der freien Dachform weist die Fassade nur drei Typen von Isolierglasgeometrien auf. Dabei folgen die Fassadenelemente der Dachgeometrie, indem sie mehr oder weniger tief in Dach und Boden versenkt werden.
Stage‐dependent toxicity of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic on the embryonic development of a South American toad, Rhinella arenarum
Authors: Aronzon Carolina M. , Sandoval María T. , Herkovits Jorge , Pérez‐Coll Cristina S.
Published: January 2010

The acute and short term chronic toxicity of both the herbicide butyl ester of 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and a commercial formulation (CF) were evaluated on Rhinella (= Bufo) arenarum embryos at different developmental stages. Adverse effects were analyzed by means of the isotoxicity curves for lethality, malformations, stage‐dependent susceptibility, and ultrastructural features. For all experimental conditions, the CF was more toxic, up to 10 times, than the active ingredient, being the open mouth stage (S.21) the most susceptible to the herbicide. For continuous treatment conditions, the early embryonic development was the most susceptible to 2,4‐D and the LC50s for 96 and 168 h were 9.06 and 7.76 mg L−1 respectively. In addition, both the active ingredient and the CF were highly teratogenic, resulting in reduced body size, delayed development, microcephaly, agenesis of gills, and abnormal cellular proliferation processes as the main adverse effects. According to US EPA, 2,4‐D in agricultural scenarios may be up to three times higher than the NOEC values for teratogenic effects reported in this study. Therefore, they might represent a risk for amphibians. This study also points out the relevance of reporting the susceptibility of embryos at different developmental stages to both the active ingredient and the CF of agrochemicals in order to protect nontarget organisms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2011.
New Free Margin Oil Evaporator for Capacitor Film Metallizers (CAP/M)
Authors: Chifen Anye N. , Schmitt Christopher , Küper Stephan
Published: January 2010

This paper reports an innovative solution for a masking oil evaporator, Free Margin Evaporator (FME), based on flash evaporation. Particular emphasis is based on oil consumption and free margin quality. The device has been validated by data obtained under experimental and production conditions as a function of total nozzle width (m), metal layer thickness (Ohm/sq) and coating drum speed (m/s). The desired oil thickness on the web has been calculated for different coating processes.

Specific advantages of the FME such as process security, oil quality, chamber contamination and cost‐savings using the new free margin evaporator are discussed. Regarding these aspects, the flash evaporator offers advantages to the web coater compared to conventional free margin oil evaporators.
Combination of PAPR reduction and linearization for the OFDM communication system
Authors: Ryu Heung‐Gyoon
Published: February 2010

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely used in many kinds of communication systems. However, OFDM signal has serious problem of high peak‐to‐average‐power ratio (PAPR) due to so many sub‐carriers. So, OFDM signal has very wide dynamic range. Therefore, the bit error rate (BER) performance may be degraded because of the nonlinear devices like the high power amplifier (HPA). Even if the linearization and large back‐off are used to compensate for the HPA nonlinearity, the power efficiency of the HPA is still very low since the PAPR is very high. Therefore, the PAPR reduction of the OFDM signal before the linearization would be more reasonable to improve the power efficiency and nonlinear compensation at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new combined method of SPW (sub‐block phase weighting) for PAPR reduction and linearization technique for the improvement of the power efficiency and for the nonlinear compensation of HPA. An updated SPW method is proposed to use a novel weighting factor multiplication of the complementary sequence characteristic and PAPR threshold technique. From the simulation results, it can be confirmed that BER performance is significantly improved and out‐of‐band spectrum radiations are much mitigated. Power efficiency of HPA can be enhanced since we can set small IBO (input back‐off) due to the PAPR reduction. The proposed system shows about 3 and 1 dB performance improvement than the LCP (linearized constant peak‐power)‐OFDM and LCP‐OFDM plus SPW at BER = 10−4. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Two Novel Supramolecular Architectures Constructed from [2,3‐f]Pyrazino[1,10]phenanthroline‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Ning , Li Dong‐Sheng , Wang Ji‐Jiang , Zhao Jun , Meng Cai‐Xia , Wu Ya‐Pan , Wang Yao‐Yu
Published: January 2010

Two new compounds, [Ag(Hppdb)]n (1) and {[Ag2(Hppdb)2(bpe)]·5.5H2O}n(2) [H2ppdb = [2,3‐f]pyrazino[1,10]phenanthroline‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, bpe = trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene], were synthesized and characterized. In 1, Hppdb– ions link AgI cations to form an infinite 1D [–Ag–(Hppdb)–Ag–]n chain, furthermore, the dimensionality is extended to 2D layers through synergistic π–π stacking, hydrogen‐bonding and weak Ag···O interactions. Correspondingly, the dimeric [(Ag)(Hppdb)]2 subunits in 2 are connected by bpe ligands to generate a loop‐link‐shaped 1D chain motif, which is further joined through a R22(18)C–H···O hydrogen‐bonding ring to afford interesting diagonal/diagonal inclined catenation 2D + 2D → 3D supramolecular architectures. In addition, solid‐state properties such as photoluminescence and thermal stability of the two compounds were studied.
Experimental and Quantum‐Chemical Investigations of the UV/Vis Absorption Spectrum of Manganese Carbodiimide, MnNCN
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Dronskowski Richard , Glaum Robert , Tchougréeff Andreii L.
Published: January 2010

The UV/Vis absorption spectrum of a single crystal of manganese carbodiimide, MnNCN, has been measured and theoretically analyzed using both the angular‐overlap model (AOM) and the effective Hamiltonian crystal field (EHCF) method. Independent from the method used, we find a somewhat higher ligand‐field splitting (10 Dq ranging from 7300 up to 8842 cm–1 depending on the estimation procedure used) compared to Mn–O chromophores and a smaller nephelauxetic ratio (β = 0.62 ÷ 0.67). In addition, the Mn–N bond within the MnIIN6 octahedra is lacking significant π interaction.
In situ Neutron Powder Diffraction on Intermediate Hydrides of MgPd3 in a Novel Sapphire Gas Pressure Cell
Authors: Kohlmann Holger , Kurtzemann Nadine , Weihrich Richard , Hansen Thomas
Published: January 2010

A novel gas pressure cell for in situ neutron powder diffraction has been developed. It is based on a single crystal sapphire tube as a sample holder, allows a 360° unobstructed access by the neutron beam and has little background contribution. This device was used to study the hydrogenation of α‐MgPd3, which undergoes a hydrogen driven rearrangement from a ZrAl3 to a AuCu3 type structure. Deuterium could be located and a strong preference of [Pd6] voids was found in α‐MgPd3D0.79 under 5 bar and in α‐MgPd3D0.94 under 20 bar deuterium pressure. The crystal structure may be described as a new defect superstructure variant of the NaCl type. In situ thermal analysis under 5 bar hydrogen pressure showed that both the hydrogen uptake of α‐MgPd3, which is complete at temperatures below 450 K, and the transformation to the hydride of cubic β‐MgPd3, starting around 550 K, are exothermic. This completion of the hydrogenation‐dehydrogenation series of MgPd3 suggests, that the rearrangement of the metal structure proceeds by a hydrogen assisted gliding mechanism with a shift vector of ${1 \over 2}$[110]. This is also supported by quantum chemical calculations, which show a decohesion of the intermetallic structure upon hydrogenation accompanied by the appearance of Pd–H bonding interactions.
The Coupling of Pyridine and Dichloromethane Mediated by UO2Cl2
Authors: Baker Robert J. , Hashem Emtithal , Motevalli Majid , Ogilvie Helen V. , Walshe Aurora
Published: January 2010

A coupling reaction between pyridine and dichloromethane has been observed in the presence of uranyl chloride and a base. The X‐ray structure of the complex bis[1,1′‐methylenebis(pyridinium)]dichloridetetrachlorodioxouranate(IV) is reported and consists of a number of H···Cl and π–π interactions to form an “open mussel” solid‐state structure.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of 4,4′‐Bipyridine Bridged Dinuclear MnII and NiII Complexes with the Ligand BMA [BMA = N,N‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl‐methyl)amine]
Authors: Liu Yan‐Zhao , Su Qiao‐Juan , Qiao Xin , Xie Cheng‐Zhi , Ouyang Yan , Xu Jing‐Yuan , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Yan Shi‐Ping
Published: January 2010

The directed assembly of N,N‐bis(benzimidazol‐2‐yl‐methyl)amine (BMA), 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy) and NiII or MnII salts resulted in the formation of  the novel compounds [{Ni(BMA)(SCN)2}2]·(μ‐4,4′‐bipy)(DMSO)2 (1) and [{Mn(BMA)(SCN)2}2]·(μ‐4,4′‐bipy) (2), which were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and magnetic measurement. The X‐ray single‐crystal analysis reveals that 1 and 2 are discrete dinuclear compounds bridged by 4,4′‐bipy, further arranged in multidimensional supramolecular networks which are stabilized by different modes of hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. Variable‐temperature magnetic measurements (2–300 K) of 1 and 2 were modeled with magnetic coupling constants J = –0.16 and –0.022 cm–1, respectively showing the weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the two metal ions in each dinuclear complex, which is also observed for similar 4,4′‐bipyridine bridging complexes.
The Phosphorus Selena Bromide α‐P4Se3Br2
Authors: Hoppe Diana , Rau Franz , Schlosser Marc , Pfitzner Arno
Published: January 2010

Yellow crystals of the phosphorus selena bromide α‐P4Se3Br2 [monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 8, a = 12.724(3) Å, b = 14.732(3) Å, c = 12.553(3) Å, β = 116.60(3)°] were obtained from the reaction of P4Se3 and bromine at 80 °C in sealed glass ampoules. The crystal structure features discrete molecules of the formula α‐P4Se3Br2 according to the well‐known α‐form of P4Ch3I2 molecules (Ch = S, Se).
MOF Formation vs. Reversible High Ligand Uptake in Anhydrous Halides: Two Opposing Aspects of {}^3_\infty[La2Cl6(4,4′‐bipy)5]·4(4,4′‐bipy)
Authors: Höller Christoph J. , Matthes Philipp , Beckmann Jens , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: January 2010

Construction of the framework structure {}^3_\infty[La2Cl6(bipy)5]·4bipy (1), bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine, C10H8N2, is achieved by reaction of the anhydrous halide LaCl3 with molten 4,4′‐bipyridine. Five equivalents of bipyridine are used for the framework construction linking LaCl3 units to give an extended, three‐dimensional MOF. Furthermore, four additional equivalents of bipyridine per LaCl3 unit are incorporated within the crystalline MOF, which is thereby completely filled with bipy molecules. This compound formation results in the extraordinary high uptake of nine equivalents of bipyridine per equivalent of the formula and a volume increase of eight times the volume of LaCl3. Further heating of the MOFs results in a stepwise release of all nine equivalents of bipyridine and reformation of the anhydrous chloride at 425 °C. Formation and disassembly can be run in cycles and are reversible. Thus two interesting yet opposing aspects are the reversible construction and disassembly of the MOF framework.
A 3D Metal‐organic Framework Containing [Cd(3‐CPOA)]n (3‐CPOA2– = 3‐Carboxyphenoxyacetato Dianion) Expanded by 4,4′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Deng Zhao‐Peng , Huo Li‐Hua , Gao Shan , Zhao Hui
Published: January 2010

The hydrothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)·4H2O with 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy) and 3‐carboxyphenoxyacetatic acid (3‐H2CPOA) afforded a 3D metal‐organic framework (MOF) [Cd(3‐CPOA)(bipy)]n·3.5nH2O, which was characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and X‐ray diffraction. The single‐crystal structural analysis revealed that it has a Cds‐type topological network with 1D channels that contain encapsulated water molecular tapes.