bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denaturalization and denationalization in comparison (France, the United Kingdom, the United States)
Authors: Weil Patrick
Published: May 2017

Denaturalization and denationalization were once much more common among western democracies. From 1906 till 1968, the United States of America, France and the United Kingdom denationalized their citizens by hundreds and thousands, for fraud or illegality during the process of naturalization, for dual citizenship, or for banal default of loyalty. In a context of a ‘war against terror’ we are now seeing an apparent return to the past – with the resuming of denationalization policies and provisions. However, the previous restriction imposed through courts and judicial bodies on the power to denaturalize in the USA, France and the UK, the international recognition of citizenship as the most important human right, the transformation of nationality and the acceptance of dual citizenship, and the impact and meaning of citizenship in a republic explain why, while being hotly debated and highly supported by the majority of citizens, denationalization has resumed only symbolically in the USA and France, if not in the UK.
Religion, rights and the public sphere
Authors: Kaul Volker
Published: May 2017

The article introduces to the issue of religion, rights and the public sphere. It analyzes 4 challenges that the conception of the public sphere currently faces: (1) Does there exists a trade-off between the public sphere and a legal regime of civil rights? (2) Does the public sphere really require us to keep the good and religious questions outside of it? (3) To what extent is the public sphere neutral and not rather itself the outcome of a particular and contingent conception of the good? (4) Whatever might be our answers to the questions 1 to 3, does not Islam constitute a special challenge for any conception of the public sphere? The article draws following prudent conclusions: First, rights are somewhat fundamental for a democratic public sphere. Second, a democratic public sphere cannot exclude religion. Third, little indicates that the public sphere is only a western concept. On the contrary, the public sphere has a universal character. Fourth, Islam does not pose any specific challenge to the public sphere, at least no more than the other religions.
Repair of a Submitral Aneurysm with associated left atrial wall dissection
Authors: Raja Deep Chandh , Palanisamy Vijayanand , Chidambaram Kumar , Pandurangi Ulhas , Mullasari Ajit Sankardas , Sethuratnam Rajan
Published: May 2017

We describe a case of submitral aneurysm in a 40-year-old man, which was distinctive in its anatomy and pathophysiology. The patient had a congenital submitral aneurysm located in the anterolateral part of the mitral annulus, complicated by dissection of the left atrial wall, severe mitral regurgitation, and compression of the left circumflex artery. He was managed successfully with aid of a comprehensive preoperative evaluation with all available imaging guidance and methodical surgical techniques, resulting in exclusion of the aneurysm, mitral valve replacement, and a graft to the left circumflex artery.
Examining the long-term impact of participating in a professional development community of music teacher educators in the USA: An anchor through turbulent transitions
Authors: Pellegrino Kristen , Kastner Julie Derges , Reese Jill , Russell Heather A.
Published: May 2017

Peer mentoring and participating in professional development communities (PDCs) have been documented as supporting individuals through the transition into the teacher educator profession. However, Gallagher, Griffin, Parker, Kitchen, and Figg (2011) suggested future researchers examine the lasting impact of participating in PDCs. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the long-term impact of participating in a PDC of music teacher educators. We, as four participant-researchers and one participant, were five early-career women music teacher educators in tenure-track positions at different institutions, reflecting back on our PDC and collaborative research experiences. We used a social constructivist framework to examine how we made sense of our experiences. Data included individual interviews, paired interviews, reflective journals, and a Facebook group. Findings included: (a) feeling empowered through a sense of community and support; (b) coming to new understandings of ourselves as music teacher educators; (c) experiencing benefits and challenges of our collaborative research process; and (d) still learning/becoming. The sense of community and support, benefits from collaborating on research, and opportunities to “play” with our developing identities had lasting professional and personal implications, which helped us successfully navigate the transitions and provided an anchor during the turbulent process of becoming music teacher educators.
Assemblage, transversality and participation in the neoliberal university
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Grove Kevin
Published: May 2017

This paper develops a novel approach to what we call ‘participation as assemblage’ by drawing upon Félix Guattari’s foundational work on assemblage theory. We develop and ground our concerns by taking the reader through the details of a participatory development case study that we have been involved in from the Caribbean since the 1990s. Through unfolding this long story, we explain how we have historically engaged different participatory literatures and today find Guattari’s work on transversality and ethico-aesthetics salient as a way into thinking through our central interest in participation as assemblage. Here both our case study and Guattari’s originating work on assemblage are further grounded by working through some salient relationships between experimental approaches to participatory development and the contemporary neoliberal university.
The Effect of Individual Movements and Interventions on the Spread of Influenza in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Najafi Mehdi , Laskowski Marek , de Boer Pieter T. , Williams Evelyn , Chit Ayman , Moghadas Seyed M.
Published: May 2017

Background. Nosocomial influenza poses a serious risk among residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Objective. We sought to evaluate the effect of resident and staff movements and contact patterns on the outcomes of various intervention strategies for influenza control in an LTCF. Methods. We collected contact frequency data in Canada’s largest veterans’ LTCF by enroling residents and staff into a study that tracked their movements through wireless tags and signal receivers. We analyzed and fitted the data to an agent-based simulation model of influenza infection, and performed Monte-Carlo simulations to evaluate the benefit of antiviral prophylaxis and patient isolation added to standard (baseline) infection control practice (i.e., vaccination of residents and staff, plus antiviral treatment of residents with symptomatic infection). Results. We calibrated the model to attack rates of 20%, 40%, and 60% for the baseline scenario. For data-driven movements, we found that the largest reduction in attack rates (12.5% to 27%; ANOVA P < 0.001) was achieved when the baseline strategy was combined with antiviral prophylaxis for all residents for the duration of the outbreak. Isolation of residents with symptomatic infection resulted in little or no effect on the attack rates (2.3% to 4.2%; ANOVA P > 0.2) among residents. In contrast, parameterizing the model with random movements yielded different results, suggesting that the highest benefit was achieved through patient isolation (69.6% to 79.6%; ANOVA P < 0.001) while the additional benefit of prophylaxis was negligible in reducing the cumulative number of infections. Conclusions. Our study revealed a highly structured contact and movement patterns within the LTCF. Accounting for this structure—instead of assuming randomness—in decision analytic methods can result in substantially different predictions.
Corporate Brand Identification and Corporate Brand Management: How Top Business Schools do it
Authors: Balmer John M. T. , Liao Mei-Na , Wang Wei-Yue
Published: May 2017

This article reveals an a priori link between the effective management of corporate brands and the strength of corporate brand identification by customers and stakeholders. The article introduces a model of corporate brand management and corporate brand identification. This research, undertaken within leading business schools, resulted in three propositions: (PI) corporate brand management is analogous to strategic general management and involves nine connate activities – adapting, communicating, embracing, endorsing, investing, leading, maintaining, reflecting, and supporting; (P2) a stakeholder and values approach is more likely to result in there being a strong corporate brand identification on the part of students; (P3) an institutional and functional approach to corporate brand management results in weak/indifferent corporate brand identification by scholars. The pivotal importance of corporate brands to contemporary organisations and to their policy advisors, are illustrative of the saliency of this study. This inductive study draws on insights from policy makers and scholars in top business schools. This article throws light on why and how general managers should accord importance to corporate brand management. In broader contexts, leading business schools are regarded as repositories of best practice in terms of scholarship in business administration and, in terms of operations, general management per se. As such, this study has an especial significance for general management of corporate brands among contemporary organisations.
A Life Cycle of Management Ideas: A Research Note
Authors: Warner Malcolm
Published: May 2017

The article seeks to map out a life cycle of management ideas in the twentieth century, in terms of their inclusion in books written in English. The examples used include, amongst others, Scientific Management (SM), Human Relations (HR), Human Resource Management (HRM), as well as General Management (GM). This bibliometric study looks at the statistical frequency of terms used therein, as plotted by the Google Books Ngram Project in a data-base of over five million published books. The study presented here uses the aforementioned Harvard/MIT-originated ‘Ngram analysis’ method to create a novel graphic representation of management ideas, to map the frequency of familiar terms in this field, which should be of interest to academics and practitioners, including general managers.
Learning from the margins: Enabling effective occupational therapy
Authors: Creek Jennifer , Cook Sarah
Published: May 2017

Introduction

This study investigated the practice of occupational therapy in marginal settings to see if it could offer anything to take forward the development of occupational therapy theory and practice.

Method

The study began with the assumption that occupational therapy consists of an idea and a practice, both embedded in particular times, places and contexts. An interpretive methodology was selected to explore how the idea and practice develop as practitioners try to make sense of their practice. A multiple case study design was employed, using qualitative interview methods to explore the perceptions of practitioners working in marginal settings. The research design was not fully specified from the beginning, but emerged during the course of the study.

Findings

The practice of occupational therapists working on the margins differed from that in the mainstream in several features, but the differences tended to be of degree. Practitioners shared five characteristics which enabled them to practise effectively in resource-poor conditions: agency; openness; commitment; responsiveness; and resourcefulness.

Conclusion

Developing these enabling characteristics in occupational therapy students and practitioners has the potential to make them better able to make an effective contribution to meeting complex health and social care needs in developed and developing countries.
Augmenting the intertemporal CAPM with inflation: Further evidence from alternative models
Authors: Shi Qi , Li Bin , Cheung Adrian (Wai Kong) , Chung Richard
Published: May 2017

Studies consistently find that inflation is an important augmented factor for intertemporal capital asset pricing models (ICAPMs) when pricing the Fama–French 25 size and book-to-market portfolios. We extend this line of research by investigating two alternative ICAPM models (from Michel; Hahn and Lee) and the three-factor model from Hou et al. We find significant evidence that both ICAPMs and Hou et al.’s three-factor model perform better when augmented with inflation than the original models. The augmented models achieve a good model fit with the fewest factors, thus avoiding or alleviating the over-fitting problem.
Framing and Cultivating the Story of Crime
Authors: Kort-Butler Lisa A. , Habecker Patrick
Published: May 2017

The current study extended prior research by considering the effects of media, victimization, and network experiences on attitudes about crime and justice, drawing on the problem frame, cultivation, real-word, and interpersonal diffusion theses. Data were from a survey of Nebraska adults ( n = 550) who were asked about their social networks; beliefs about media reliability; use of newspaper and news on TV, radio, and the Internet; and exposure to violence on TV, movies, and the Internet. Results indicated that viewing TV violence predicted worry and anger about crime. Believing the media are a reliable source of information about crime predicted more anger and more support for the justice system. Personal and network members’ victimization was also linked to attitudes. Other network contacts, including knowing police or correctional officers or knowing someone who had been arrested or incarcerated, had limited effects. The results support the problem frame and cultivation theses in that media framing and media consumption influence attitudes about crime, as do certain real-world experiences.
Electrolyte Disturbances in Critically Ill Cancer Patients: An Endocrine Perspective
Authors: Khan Maryam I. , Dellinger R. Phillip , Waguespack Steven G.
Published: May 2017

Electrolyte disturbances are frequently encountered in critically ill oncology patients. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia as well as hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia are among the most commonly encountered electrolyte abnormalities. In the intensive care unit, management of critical electrolyte disturbances is focused on initial evaluation and immediate treatment plan to prevent severe complications. A PubMed search was performed to identify best available evidence for evaluation and management of dysnatremias, hypocalcemia, and hypercalcemia. Current literature was reviewed regarding the management of electrolyte disturbances. The role of new therapeutic options, for example, vaptans for hyponatremia, teriparatide for hypocalcemia, and denosumab for hypercalcemia, is discussed. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are expected to reduce adverse outcomes.
“Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones, but Words Will Never Hurt Me”: Verbal Sexual Harassment Among Middle School Students
Authors: Rolfe Shawn M. , Schroeder Ryan D.
Published: May 2017

Research has recently found that sexual harassment occurs throughout our education system. Although the focus of these studies has been on both verbal and physical sexual harassment, the literature is scant when examining just verbal sexual harassment. Using self-report data from 30 New York City middle schools, the current study adds to the literature by examining the prevalence of verbal sexual harassment victimization and perpetration through the lens of gender and dating experiences. The study highlights that boys are verbally sexually harassed more than girls and students with dating experience are more likely to be victims or perpetrators of verbal sexual harassment. Additional findings, limitations, and policy implications are discussed.
Association of Wage With Employee Participation in Health Assessments and Biometric Screening
Authors: Sherman Bruce W. , Addy Carol
Published: May 2017

Purpose:

To understand differences in health risk assessment (HRA) and biometric screening participation rates among benefits-enrolled employees in association with wage category.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis of employee eligibility file and health benefits (wellness and claims) data.

Setting:

Data from self-insured employers participating in the RightOpt private exchange (Conduent HR Services) during 2014.

Participants:

Active employees from 4 companies continuously enrolled in health insurance for which wage data were available.

Measures:

Measures included HRA and biometric screening participation rates and wage status, with employee age, sex, employer, job tenure, household income, geographic location, and health benefits deductible as a percentage of total wages serving as covariates.

Analysis:

Employees were separated into 5 groups based on wage status. Logistic regression analysis incorporated other measures as covariates to adjust for differences between groups, with HRA and biometric screening participation rates determined as binary outcomes.

Results:

Participation rates for HRA and biometric screening were 90% and 87%, respectively, in the highest wage category, decreasing to 67% and 60%, respectively, among the lowest wage category.

Conclusion:

Employee wage status is associated with significant differences in HRA and biometric participation rates. Generalizing the results generated by modest participation in these offerings to entire populations may risk misinterpretation of results based on variable participation rates across wage categories.
Discordance Between Physician Assessment and Patient-Reported Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Lachner Christian , Armstrong Melissa J. , Gruber-Baldini Ann L. , Rezvani Zahra , Reich Stephen G. , Fishman Paul S. , Salazar Richard , Shulman Lisa M.
Published: May 2017

Objective:

To assess concordance between physician assessment and patient-reported symptoms when screening for depression in Parkinson disease (dPD).

Background:

Depression in Parkinson disease is highly prevalent (∼40%) and has a significant impact on quality of life and disability, yet physician recognition and treatment remain inadequate.

Methods:

One thousand seventy-six patients with PD completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), a screening questionnaire for psychiatric symptoms, which was compared to item #3 (depression) on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).

Results:

The mean BSI-18 depression score was 51.4 (9.7). Of the 170 (16%) patients screening positive for dPD on the BSI-18, 104 (61%) were not recognized as depressed by neurologists on the UPDRS. Factors associated with lower neurologist recognition included male gender, better mental health quality of life, and lack of antidepressant use.

Conclusion:

More than 60% of patients screening positive for depression on self-report were not recognized by neurologists on the UPDRS. A patient-reported screening tool for depression may improve recognition and management of dPD.
Understanding the Perception of the ‘Migrant Work Ethic’
Authors: Dawson Chris , Veliziotis Michail , Hopkins Benjamin
Published: May 2017

Over the last decade, the UK has experienced unprecedented increases in migration associated with the 2004 A8 expansion of the European Union. These migrant workers have been praised by managers in the UK, who have frequently stated that they perceive these workers to have a strong ‘work ethic’ when measured on aspects such as absence from work rates. This article examines this perceived migrant ‘work ethic’ by analysing worker absence data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey for the period 2005–2012. Regression analysis reveals that when A8 migrant workers first arrive in the UK, they record substantially lower absence than native workers, but that these migrant absence levels assimilate within two to four years. If employers use this information to make hiring decisions, this may have negative implications for native workers, but, importantly, only in the short run.
Stiffness optimization for high-speed double-locking toolholder-spindle joint using fractal theory
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Xu Jingjing , Zhao Yongsheng , Cheng Qiang , Cai Ligang
Published: May 2017

The higher contact stiffness of the double-locking toolholder-spindle (BTF40-type) joint is helpful in improving the machining accuracy and cutting stability of high-speed machining center. In this article, an optimization technique is introduced to obtain the high contact stiffness of BTF40 toolholder-spindle joint at the high speed. The torsional and radial stiffness at 25,000  r/min can be obtained by using the macro–micro hybrid method. The contact ratio of taper surface and maximum nodal pressure of contact surfaces is used as constraint conditions to ensure the connection reliability and the working life of the toolholder-spindle system. The particle swarm optimization algorithm with suitable parameters for this problem is used to search the optimal stiffness of joint automatically. The optimal stiffness of joint and pressure distribution of taper surface are compared with the initial values for validating the effectiveness of the optimization results. This research is valuable for guiding the application of BTF-type toolholder-spindle system at the high speed 25,000  r/min.
Influence of toe load on the fatigue resistance of elastic rail clips
Authors: Hasap Anat , Paitekul Phanasindh , Noraphaiphipaksa Nitikorn , Kanchanomai Chaosuan
Published: May 2017

As a critical component of the fastening system, the elastic rail clip maintains the rail in the vertical, lateral, and longitudinal positions using its specified toe load. In this study, the influence of toe load on the deformation and fatigue resistance of the clip was studied. Finite element analysis, static load experiments, and fatigue experiments were performed to evaluate the deformation and fatigue resistance of the clip. With the contribution of the lateral wheel load, the deformation range of the outer clip was higher than that of the inner clip. Therefore, the cyclic deformation of the outer clip was used for the fatigue experiment. The toe load had no influence on the fatigue resistance of the clip under normal wheel load, i.e. the clips under high, normal, and low toe loads were run-out at 5 × 106 cycles. However, with the contribution of impact on the wheel load, the fatigue lives were reduced to 5468 cycles and 16,839 cycles for the clips under high and normal toe loads, respectively. In the case of low toe load, the clip under the contribution of impact could withstand more than 5 × 106 cycles. Accordingly, the reduction of toe load may enhance the fatigue resistance of the clip under impact.
Evaluating the sensitivity of low-frequency ground-penetrating radar attributes to estimate ballast fines in the presence of variable track foundations through simulation
Authors: Scanlan Kirk M , Hendry Michael T , Martin C Derek , Schmitt Douglas R
Published: May 2017

The sensitivity of three low-frequency (<1 GHz) ground-penetrating radar attributes commonly used to infer the amount of fines present within railway ballast was evaluated using synthetic datasets. Variations in ballast thickness, saturation, and subballast material type are not often considered during laboratory or small-scale (few kilometres of track) field studies. If ground-penetrating radar were to be applied as a ballast degradation detection tool on a subdivision (hundreds of kilometres) scale, it is critical to assess the impact variations these track foundation conditions will have on the inferred amount of fines present within the ballast. In this analysis, a two-layer (ballast and subballast) track foundation model was incorporated into a series of ground-penetrating radar simulations where the physical dimensions and electromagnetic properties of the model were systematically varied. It was through the electromagnetic properties that the volumetric amount of fines and moisture present within the ballast and the type of subballast material were altered. The ground-penetrating radar response of each model was simulated using a finite-difference time-domain solver for Maxwell’s equations (gprMax). The amount of fines present in the ballast was then inferred through attributes calculated from the synthetic ground-penetrating radar measurements and related to the known model input. This comparison revealed that ambiguities in the ground-penetrating radar attribute amplitudes were common. Specific ground-penetrating radar attribute amplitudes could not be uniquely associated with the known amounts of fines present within the ballast as the other conditions in the track foundation (ballast saturation, ballast thickness, and subballast material) were varied. As such, a quantitative and reliable estimation for the amount of fines present within ballast using ground-penetrating radar measurements over large scales would be difficult without first constraining the variability in the track foundation.
Anisotropic polyethersulfone foam for bicycle helmet liners to reduce rotational acceleration during oblique impact
Authors: Vanden Bosche Kelly , Mosleh Yasmine , Depreitere Bart , Vander Sloten Jos , Verpoest Ignaas , Ivens Jan
Published: May 2017

Although current standard bicycle helmets protect cyclists against linear acceleration, they still lack sufficient protection against rotational acceleration during oblique impact events. Rotational acceleration is correlated with serious traumatic brain injuries such as acute subdural haematoma and thus should be minimized. This study proposes using highly anisotropic polyethersulfone foam for bicycle helmet liners in order to limit the rotational acceleration. Helmet prototypes, made of polyethersulfone foam with cell anisotropy direction perpendicular to the head, have been produced and compared to a standard commercial helmet. Standard helmets consist of expanded polystyrene foam. Oblique impact tests were performed to measure both linear and rotational accelerations and impact pulse duration. Results demonstrate that the peak rotational acceleration of the polyethersulfone prototype helmet showed a decrease of around 40% compared to the reference expanded polystyrene helmet. Moreover, the peak linear acceleration showed an average decrease of about 37%. Upon impact, the polyethersulfone helmet showed improved head injury protection when analysed based on global biomechanical head injury criteria such as HIC15 and HICrot as well as generalized acceleration model for brain injury threshold, brain injury criterion and head impact power, with a predicted sixfold decrease in likelihood of concussion.
Alpha-Band Oscillations Enable Spatially and Temporally Resolved Tracking of Covert Spatial Attention
Authors: Foster Joshua J. , Sutterer David W. , Serences John T. , Vogel Edward K. , Awh Edward
Published: May 2017

Covert spatial attention is essential for humans’ ability to direct limited processing resources to the relevant aspects of visual scenes. A growing body of evidence suggests that rhythmic neural activity in the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz) tracks the spatial locus of covert attention, which suggests that alpha activity is integral to spatial attention. However, extant work has not provided a compelling test of another key prediction: that alpha activity tracks the temporal dynamics of covert spatial orienting. In the current study, we examined the time course of spatially specific alpha activity after central cues and during visual search. Critically, the time course of this activity tracked trial-by-trial variations in orienting latency during visual search. These findings provide important new evidence for the link between rhythmic brain activity and covert spatial attention, and they highlight a powerful approach for tracking the spatial and temporal dynamics of this core cognitive process.
Extended two-stage adaptive designs with three target responses for phase II clinical trials
Authors: Kim Seongho , Wong Weng Kee
Published: May 2017

We develop a nature-inspired stochastic population-based algorithm and call it discrete particle swarm optimization to find extended two-stage adaptive optimal designs that allow three target response rates for the drug in a phase II trial. Our proposed designs include the celebrated Simon’s two-stage design and its extension that allows two target response rates to be specified for the drug. We show that discrete particle swarm optimization not only frequently outperforms greedy algorithms, which are currently used to find such designs when there are only a few parameters; it is also capable of solving design problems posed here with more parameters that greedy algorithms cannot solve. In stage 1 of our proposed designs, futility is quickly assessed and if there are sufficient responders to move to stage 2, one tests one of the three target response rates of the drug, subject to various user-specified testing error rates. Our designs are therefore more flexible and interestingly, do not necessarily require larger expected sample size requirements than two-stage adaptive designs. Using a real adaptive trial for melanoma patients, we show our proposed design requires one half fewer subjects than the implemented design in the study.
Dissimilarity for functional data clustering based on smoothing parameter commutation
Authors: Tzeng ShengLi , Hennig Christian , Li Yu-Fen , Lin Chien-Ju
Published: May 2017

Many studies measure the same type of information longitudinally on the same subject at multiple time points, and clustering of such functional data has many important applications. We propose a novel and easy method to implement dissimilarity measure for functional data clustering based on smoothing splines and smoothing parameter commutation. This method handles data observed at regular or irregular time points in the same way. We measure the dissimilarity between subjects based on varying curve estimates with pairwise commutation of smoothing parameters. The intuition is that smoothing parameters of smoothing splines reflect the inverse of the signal-to-noise ratios and that when applying an identical smoothing parameter the smoothed curves for two similar subjects are expected to be close. Our method takes into account the estimation uncertainty using smoothing parameter commutation and is not strongly affected by outliers. It can also be used for outlier detection. The effectiveness of our proposal is shown by simulations comparing it to other dissimilarity measures and by a real application to methadone dosage maintenance levels.
Two-part models with stochastic processes for modelling longitudinal semicontinuous data: Computationally efficient inference and modelling the overall marginal mean
Authors: Yiu Sean , Tom Brian DM
Published: May 2017

Several researchers have described two-part models with patient-specific stochastic processes for analysing longitudinal semicontinuous data. In theory, such models can offer greater flexibility than the standard two-part model with patient-specific random effects. However, in practice, the high dimensional integrations involved in the marginal likelihood (i.e. integrated over the stochastic processes) significantly complicates model fitting. Thus, non-standard computationally intensive procedures based on simulating the marginal likelihood have so far only been proposed. In this paper, we describe an efficient method of implementation by demonstrating how the high dimensional integrations involved in the marginal likelihood can be computed efficiently. Specifically, by using a property of the multivariate normal distribution and the standard marginal cumulative distribution function identity, we transform the marginal likelihood so that the high dimensional integrations are contained in the cumulative distribution function of a multivariate normal distribution, which can then be efficiently evaluated. Hence, maximum likelihood estimation can be used to obtain parameter estimates and asymptotic standard errors (from the observed information matrix) of model parameters. We describe our proposed efficient implementation procedure for the standard two-part model parameterisation and when it is of interest to directly model the overall marginal mean. The methodology is applied on a psoriatic arthritis data set concerning functional disability.
The problems of increasing transparency on uncertainty
Authors: Osman Magda , Heath Amanda J. , Löfstedt Ragnar
Published: May 2017

Public regulators (such as European Food Safety Authority, European Medicines Agency, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) are placing increasing demands on scientists to make uncertainties about their evidence transparent to the public. The stated goal is utilitarian, to inform and empower the public and ensure the accountability of policy and decision-making around the use of scientific evidence. However, it is questionable what constitutes uncertainty around the evidence on any given topic, and, while the goal is laudable, we argue the drive to increase transparency on uncertainty of the scientific process specifically does more harm than good, and may not serve the interests of those intended. While highlighting some of the practical implications of making uncertainties transparent using current guidelines, the aim is to discuss what could be done to make it worthwhile for both public and scientists.
Students Seeking Health-related Information over Internet
Authors: Ahmad Asad , Khan Mohammed Naved
Published: May 2017

The use of Internet to search information related to health has become a common phenomenon. This article investigates the seeking of health-related information of the college going students over the Internet. The researchers have tested the technology acceptance model (TAM) to determine the behavioural intention of the students to seek health-related information over the Internet. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the students who were involved in Internet use. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to the responded data. The results showed that it is the perceived usefulness (PU) which has a direct impact on the behavioural intention of the Internet users to search health-related information over the Internet.
A Longitudinal Comparison of Enrollment Patterns of Students Receiving Special Education in Urban Neighborhood and Charter Schools
Authors: Waitoller Federico R. , Maggin Daniel M. , Trzaska Agata
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare and examine special education enrollment trends across disability categories and grade spans for public neighborhood and charter schools in the City of Chicago. Using multilevel longitudinal data analysis methods, we examined annual school enrollment and demographic reports. Our findings indicated that neighborhood schools serve significantly higher proportions of students receiving special education services (SRSE) than charter schools at the aggregate grade level (i.e., elementary and high school enrollments) and at each grade level. In addition, we found that charter schools enroll equal or significantly higher proportions of students with learning disabilities (LD), speech and language impairments (SLI), other health impairments (OHI), and emotional disturbance (ED), and substantially smaller proportions of students with autism, sensory impairments (SI), and intellectual disabilities (ID), when compared with neighborhood schools. However, we found that these differences vary between grade levels. We discuss the implications of these findings for policies affecting charter school authorization and contract renewal, and for policies establishing special education enrollment targets in charter schools.
Nonvocational Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Employment Interventions for Homeless Youth
Authors: Ferguson Kristin M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose:

This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy between the Social Enterprise Intervention (SEI) and Individual Placement and Support (IPS) with homeless youth with mental illness to assess their impact on nonvocational outcomes.

Method:

Seventy-two homeless youth were recruited from one agency and randomized to the SEI ( n = 36) or IPS ( n = 36) conditions. Over 20 months, SEI participants received four SEI components, and IPS participants received eight IPS components. Data were collected on mental health, housing, and social support outcomes at baseline and one follow-up period.

Results:

Findings from mixed analysis of variance indicate that both SEI and IPS participants displayed statistically significant changes in their self-esteem, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems, inattention problems, living in a shelter, and living in a private residence.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to demonstrate the comparative efficacy and short-term nonvocational outcomes of SEI and IPS with homeless youth with mental illness. Assessment of long-term outcomes of both interventions is warranted.
International Service-Learning: Rethinking the Role of Emotions
Authors: Larsen Marianne A.
Published: May 2017

Existing research on international service-learning (ISL) only implicitly alludes to emotions or considers emotions as a limited vehicle through which the more important work of learning occurs. This study set out to shift this focus on emotions to show how emotions are an integral part of the overall ISL experience. The aim was to understand how an ISL internship was an emotional experience for the student participants through the lens of noncognitive process theory of emotions. This was a qualitative case study of the experiences of 10 university students who engaged in an ISL internship in East Africa. Data collection instruments included preinternship surveys and emotional mind maps, postinternship surveys, and interviews. The study demonstrated that ISL can be a highly charged, emotional experience for student participants. The author argues that emotional responses are not simply a limited catalyst through which learning and transformation transpires, but constitutes forms of understanding in and of themselves. This points to the need for ISL researchers and practitioners to shift their preconceptions about the value of emotions in learning and transformation processes and attend to the emotional dimensions of ISL in their research and the implementation of these programs.
A Family Systems Approach to the Understanding and Treatment of Internet Gaming Disorder
Authors: Day Isaiah
Published: May 2017

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, proposed criteria for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) share similar symptomology with substance use disorders (SUDs), so counselors have adopted individual, cognitive–behavioral models from SUD research to apply to IGD. Studies of these cognitive–behavioral treatments reveal that symptoms return as clients leave treatment. Systemic interventions lower rates of relapse in SUD. Thus, it shall be proposed that Steinglass’s systemic-motivational therapy, designed initially for treatment of SUD, could have similar effects on relapse rates when applied to an analogous issue of IGD.
An Unusual Variant of Adenocarcinoma of the Left Colon Associated With Microsatellite Instability: A Case Report
Authors: Attiya Abrar A. , Almaghraby Hatim Q. , Satti Mohamed B
Published: May 2017

We report a case of colonic adenosquamous carcinoma with MSI-H (microsatellite instability–high) in a 43-year-old male who presented with bowel obstruction due to a circumferential mass involving the descending colon and splenic flexure. Microscopically, it showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes >3/high-power field, and mild peritumoral lymphocytic response. Immunohistochemistry was equivocal for MLH-1, PMS-2, and MSH-2, with retention of MSH-6 expression. Polymerase chain reaction testing demonstrated MSI-H pattern with instability of BAT-25, BAT-26, and NR-21. Review of the literature revealed only one recently published case of MSI-H adenosquamous carcinoma. The role of MSI in adenosquamous carcinoma pathogenesis is still unknown. In conclusion, MSI testing in colonic adenosquamous carcinoma combined with other MSI-related clinical and histological features is indicated.
Long-term Results of Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Koivu Helka , Kohonen Ia , Mattila Kimmo , Loyttyniemi Eliisa , Tiusanen Hannu
Published: May 2017

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR) implant in a single center.

Methods:

Between 1997 and 2002, 34 consecutive ankles were replaced with the STAR ankle prosthesis and reviewed in 2016. Patients were followed both radiologically and clinically; clinical outcomes were measured with the Kofoed ankle score and subjective measurements. The median follow-up period was 159 months (13.3 years; range, 13-202 months).

Results:

The implant survival rate was 93.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.2%-86.7%) at 5 years, 86.7% (95% CI, 69.3%-96.2%) at 10 years, and 63.6% (95% CI, 30.8%-89.0%) at 15 years. A total of 15 ankles (44%) had been revised: 2 by fusion, 3 by further replacement, 5 by insert exchange, and 5 by bone grafting for marked osteolysis. The improvements in the Kofoed ankle score and Kofoed ankle score for pain were statistically significant at every postoperative evaluation point compared to the preoperative values (all P < .0001), and subjective patient satisfaction was high.

Conclusion:

Our results were satisfactory and in agreement with previously reported findings of STAR implants.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Effects of Body Mass Index on Mechanical Properties of the Plantar Fascia and Heel Pad in Asymptomatic Participants
Authors: Taş Serkan , Bek Nilgün , Ruhi Onur Mehmet , Korkusuz Feza
Published: May 2017

Background:

Musculoskeletal foot disorders have a high incidence among overweight and obese individuals. One of the important factors causing this high incidence may be plantar fascia and heel pad (HP)–related mechanical changes occurring in these individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the plantar fascia and HP stiffness and thickness parameters in overweight and obese individuals and compare these values with those of normal-weight individuals.

Methods:

This study was carried out in 87 (52 female, 35 male) healthy sedentary individuals between the ages of 19 and 58 years (34 ± 11 years). Participants were subsequently categorized according to body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 < BMI < 25 kg/m2) or overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Plantar fascia and HP thickness and stiffness were measured with an ultrasonography device using a linear ultrasonography probe.

Results:

Overweight and obese individuals had higher HP thickness ( P < .001), plantar fascia thickness ( P = .001), heel pad microchamber layer (MIC) stiffness ( P < .001), and heel pad macrochamber layer (MAC) stiffness ( P < .001), whereas they had lower plantar fascia stiffness ( P < .001) compared with the individuals with normal weight. BMI had a moderate correlation with HP thickness ( P < .001, r = 0.500), plantar fascia thickness ( P = .001, r = 0.536), MIC stiffness ( P < .001, r = 0.496), and MAC stiffness ( P < .001, r = 0.425). A negative and moderate correlation was found between BMI and plantar fascia stiffness ( P < .001, r = –0.439).

Conclusion:

Increased BMI causes a decrease in the stiffness of plantar fascia and an increase in the thickness of the plantar fascia as well as the thickness and stiffness of HP. Increased body mass could cause changes in the mechanical properties of HP and plantar fascia.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3, comparative study.
“We Are the Women of Utah”: The Utah Woman’s Press Club’s Framing Strategies in the Woman’s Exponent
Authors: Olson Candi S. Carter
Published: May 2017

Drawing on mediated framing theory, this article considers how the 19th-century Utah Woman’s Press Club used its opportunity to control its public image in the Utah-based suffrage periodical Woman’s Exponent. The Exponent was edited by the club’s founder, Emmeline B. Wells, and was an outlet for many of the area’s women writers. This article demonstrates how the group’s three primary themes—education and professionalization, politics, and faith—developed a gendered framing of 19th-century womanhood. This exploration considers how gender-specific publications can be a powerful outlet for women to challenge mainstream narratives about women’s abilities.
Clenbuterol Attenuates hERG Channel by Promoting the Mature Channel Degradation
Authors: Luo Ling , Hu Peijing , Miao Changqing , Ma Aiqun , Wang Tingzhong
Published: May 2017

Clenbuterol, a β2-selective adrenergic receptor agonist, is illicitly used in weight loss and performance enhancement and animal production. Increasing evidence demonstrates that clenbuterol induces various kinds of arrhythmias and QTc interval prolongation. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Most drugs are associated with QTc prolongation through interfering with human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channels. The present study aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of clenbuterol on the hERG channel. HEK 293 cells were transfected with wild type and Y652A or F656A mutants of the hERG channel and treated with clenbuterol. The hERG current was recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and protein level was evaluated by Western blot. We found that clenbuterol decreases the mature form of the hERG protein at the cell membrane in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, without affecting the immature form. Correspondingly, clenbuterol chronic treatment reduced hERG current to a greater extent compared to acute treatment. In the presence of Brefeldin A (BFA), which was used to block hERG channel trafficking to cell membrane, clenbuterol reduced hERG on plasma membrane to a greater extent than BFA alone. In addition, the hERG channel’s drug binding sites mutant Y652A and F656A abolished clenbuterol-mediated hERG reduction and current blockade. In conclusion, clenbuterol reduces hERG channel expression and current by promoting the channel degradation. The effect of clenbuterol on the hERG channel is related to the drug-binding sites, Tyr-652 and Phe-656, located on the S6 domain. This biophysical mechanism may underlie clenbuterol-induced QTc prolongation or arrhythmia.
Designing Entrepreneurship Experiments
Authors: Hsu Dan K. , Simmons Sharon A. , Wieland Alice M.
Published: May 2017

This article discusses the current and potential application of experimental methods to the study of entrepreneurship phenomena. Drawing on a review of experimental studies in entrepreneurship research, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of experimental research designs for entrepreneurship research as a primer for those interested but not overly familiar with these methods. To advance research agendas and theory in the field, we introduce a typology of experimental manipulations that highlight alternative design choices based on the nature of their participant impact and realism of context. Finally, we provide an overview of areas of opportunity within the entrepreneurship literature for application of methods best suited to provide greater insight into the causal mechanisms at play.