bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Barack Benefit? A Content Analysis of How News Coverage of America’s First African American Presidential Family Alters the Overall Presentation of Blacks in News
Authors: Josey Christopher S. , Dixon Travis L.
Published: December 2022

A content analysis of over 1-year worth of online news coverage was undertaken to assess the impact of the election of Barack Obama, America’s first Black President, on the overall portrayal of Blacks in the news. Specifically, we investigated whether the potential positive coverage of President Obama and his family displaced more stereotypic coverage of Blacks in the news than simply adding to existing stereotypical portrayals. Results indicate that Blacks achieved greater frequency in coverage compared with prior analyses. However, pervasive stereotyping and negative characterizations of Blacks persisted. Explanations for the minimal impact of the Obama family on the overall presentation of Blacks are discussed within the context of trait attribution and media stacking.
Effectiveness of antiemetic in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adult patients; An oncology center experience
Authors: Al-Salloum Haya F , AL-Harbi Hayat Eid , Abdelazeem Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are two serious adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy. The objectives of this study are to assess patient satisfaction with antiemetics prescribed, incidence of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients, and the effectiveness of antiemetic regimens in reducing CINV.

Methods

This is a prospective observational cross-sectional patient survey study, conducted between January and July 2021 in the oncology center at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A suitable, data entry form was designed to collect data including patient demographics, cancer type, antiemetics prescribed, chemotherapy regimen, and incidence of CINV.

Results

The sample comprised 283 cancer patients with a mean age of 47.7 (±14.6) years. Colorectal and breast cancer ( n = 67; 23.6%, for each) were the two most common diagnoses. Among the patients who received chemotherapy, most patients ( n = 144; 50.8%) received chemotherapy that was classified as highly emetogenic, and 139 (49%) received moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Antiemetics were given to control CINV before chemotherapy administration (as prophylaxis) were either combination therapy (170 patients (60.0%) received four classes of antiemetics, 72 (25.4%) received three classes; and 31 (10.9%) received two classes) or monotherapy (six patients (2.1%) received one drug). Four patients (1.4%) did not receive any antiemetic medication. Antiemetics given to control CINV after chemotherapy administration (for delayed CINV) were also either in combination (151 patients (53.3%) received three classes of antiemetics and 94 (33.2%) received two classes) or as monotherapy, where 27 patients (9.5%) received one medication. Eleven patients (3.8%) did not receive any antiemetic. The incidence rates for acute and delayed nausea after chemotherapy treatment were 32.1% and 30.7%, respectively; and those for acute and delayed vomiting were 13.4% and 10.2%, respectively. Acute nausea was much more frequent than vomiting.

Conclusion

The incidence of CINV was relatively high, and patients who received chemotherapy continued to experience nausea and vomiting despite receiving antiemetic treatment. This demonstrates that antiemetic regimens used are not effective in preventing CINV.
Modified no-touch technique for radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula increases primary patency and decreases juxta-anastomotic stenosis
Authors: Hou Guocun , Fu Mingzhu , Wang Xiaohe , Liu Zhen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhu Dongming , Pang Hongquan , Li Rui , Shen Lei
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Low primary patency rate is a major problem of radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) creation. Radial artery deviation and reimplantation (RADAR) is associated with low juxta-anastomotic stenosis rate. However, inflow artery stenosis is prominent with RADAR. To further reduce injury to veins and arteries during operation, a modified no-touch technique (MNTT) was used to create RC-AVF.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively maintained database of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)s undergoing RC-AVF creation for hemodialysis using either the MNTT between January 2021 and January 2022 (MNTT group) or conventional surgical procedure ( end-to-side vein-to-artery anastomosis) between October 2016 and October 2017 (Control group). Patients who chose to undergo RC-AVF surgery underwent standardized preoperative mapping and postoperative fistula evaluations using duplex ultrasound. Additionally, 4D flow MRI data were used to visualize and quantify the hemodynamics of one RC-AVF by MNTT. Outcomes included primary patency, juxta-anastomotic stenosis, and maturation rates.

Results:

Forty patients underwent RC-AVFs by MNTT, compared to 60 patients in the control group. The MNTT group had a higher primary unassisted patency rate than the control group ( p = 0.038). Juxta-anastomotic stenosis (all on the cephalic vein) occurred in 4 (10%) patients who underwent MNTT. RC-AVF maturation rates after 3 months were not different between both groups (maturation rate: 90% and 81.7% in the MNTT and control groups, respectively, p = 0.253). COX regression showed that both conventional AVF surgery ( p = 0.031) and smaller cephalic vein diameter ( p = 0.034) were associated with higher odds of RC-AVF failure. The AVF flow within the proximal vein remained helical during cardiac cycle. The distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) differed from that of conventional surgical AVF.

Conclusion:

RC-AVF by MNTT increases primary patency rate and decreases juxta-anastomotic stenosis rate. The improvement in hemodynamics may be one of the important reasons for the better patency rate of in the RC-AVF by MNTT group.
Just for kids? How the youth decarceration discourse endorses adult incarceration
Authors: Viterbo Hedi
Published: December 2022

This article lays bare three interrelated and previously overlooked pitfalls of calls to reduce or abolish youth incarceration. First, despite their anti-carceral semblance, such calls persistently portray the overwhelming majority of people in trouble with the law—namely, adults—as incorrigible, blameworthy, and therefore as deserving of punishment and imprisonment. Second, this ageist rhetoric often disregards adult vulnerability. Thus, despite adults’ greater medical vulnerability to the COVID-19 disease, it is youth whom some organizations singled out or even called to prioritize for release from prisons during the coronavirus pandemic. Third, at the heart of the youth decarceration discourse are essentialist assumptions about youth, which rest on questionable science and downplay the socially constructed dimension of age differences. All three pitfalls epitomize a dual fault of the child rights discourse more broadly, as evidenced in other contexts: repeatedly lending legitimacy to punitiveness and apathy toward adults while also working to the detriment of children. Doubtless, there are compelling arguments against penal confinement, but it is only decarceration across the age spectrum that can truly challenge carceral thinking—and ageism.
Effectiveness of Combined Program of Manual Therapy and Exercise Vs Exercise Only in Patients With Rotator Cuff-related Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Paraskevopoulos Eleftherios , Plakoutsis George , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Maria Papandreou
Published: December 2022

Context:

Therapeutic exercise is considered the mainstay in the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). Manual therapy (MT) interventions have also shown to be effective in RCRSP. However, the benefits of adding MT along with exercise interventions for the management of RCRSP remain unknown.

Objective:

To evaluate the additional benefits of MT with exercise compared with exercise in isolation for the management of RCRSP.

Data Sources:

A search of PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, and EBSCO from the inception date of each database through April 20, 2022, was conducted for randomized trials comparing the additional effects of MT in exercise interventions compared with exercise alone for pain management and function in patients with RCRSP. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects inverse variance model according to the outcome of interest and comparison group. Methodological quality was assessed with PEDro and quality of evidence with the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation approach.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Results:

Twelve articles were found eligible and 8 of them demonstrated high methodological quality. Eleven articles were included for quantitative analysis. Pain with movement was not significantly different between MT and exercise versus exercise alone (SMD [95% CI] = −0.15 [−0.41 to 0.12]; I2 = 0%), whereas pain at rest was significantly improved in the groups that used exercise only with a moderate effect size (SMD [95% CI] = 0.47 [0.04 to 0.89]; I2 = 75%). Furthermore, shoulder function was not significantly different between MT and exercise versus exercise alone in the short term (SMD [95% CI] = 0.23 [−0.22 to 0.69]; I2 = 88%) or the long term (SMD [95% CI] = −0.02 [−0.21 to 0.16]; I2 = 2%).

Conclusion:

Adding MT to exercise interventions for the management of RCRSP is not more effective than exercise alone for pain and function in adult patients.
Mild Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Deficits Do Not Persist After Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Chmielewski Terese L. , Suzuki Shuhei , Dubose Dominique , Herman Daniel C. , Clugston James R. , Horodyski MaryBeth
Published: December 2022

Background:

Risk for lower extremity musculoskeletal injury increases after sport-related concussion (SRC) and may result from unresolved motor control deficits. Muscle weakness is a deficit that could contribute to musculoskeletal injury risk.

Hypothesis:

Athletes with SRC will demonstrate quadriceps and hamstring muscle weakness at the time of return to sport and 30 days later compared with controls.

Study Design:

Prospective matched cohort.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 31 athletes with SRC (CONCUSSION) were matched by sex, age, and activity level to controls (CONTROL). Testing was conducted at initial assessment and 30 days later; initial assessment in CONCUSSION occurred when cleared for return to play. Isokinetic testing assessed quadriceps and hamstring strength of the dominant and nondominant legs at 60 and 180 deg/s. Peak torque values were normalized to body mass (N-m/kg). Data were analyzed with repeated measures general linear models (group × time), and effect sizes were calculated.

Results:

Analysis at 60 deg/s included 26 matched pairs (15 male per group) and at 180 deg/s included 30 matched pairs (17 males per group). Time from concussion to initial assessment was 21.3 (7.8) mean (standard deviation) days. No significant interactions or main effects were detected ( P > 0.05). Across muscle groups, legs, and testing speeds, effect sizes at initial assessment were small ( d = 0.117 to 0.353), equating to a strength deficit in CONCUSSION of 0.04 to 0.18 N-m/kg, and effect sizes were further reduced at 30-day follow-up (d = −0.191 to 0.252).

Conclusion:

In athletes with SRC, quadriceps and hamstring strength were decreased only minimally at return to play compared with controls and the difference lessened over 30 days.

Clinical Relevance:

Strength deficits may not be a major contributor to increased lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risk after SRC. Strength training could be implemented before return to play after SRC to mitigate any strength deficits.
All Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: McCahon Joseph A. S. , Albana Mohamed F. , Szukics Patrick F. , McMillan Sean
Published: December 2022

Background:

Biceps tendinopathy can have significant clinical manifestations in active patients. Failure to achieve resolution of symptoms through nonsurgical modalities oftentimes results in surgical intervention. The 2 most common surgical treatment options for tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) are tenotomy and tenodesis. Both modalities have shown efficacy within the literature; however, tenodesis of the LHBT has many advantages to tenotomy.

Indications:

Subgroove tenodesis eliminates the potential pain generation within the bicipital groove. Despite recent proof of clinical equivalence in open versus arthroscopic tenodesis, there has been increasing interest in all-arthroscopic biceps tenodesis techniques in hopes of minimizing surgical exposure, decreasing the rate of potential neurovascular compromise, and decreasing the time to recovery.

Technique:

We present an all-arthroscopic technique for a subgroove biceps tenodesis using a unicortical tensionable button. The proximal biceps anchor is held in place at its insertion site with a spinal needle to prevent retraction. The lateral portal is redirected into the subdeltoid space. A novel suprapectoral biceps portal, called the Willingboro portal, is placed percutaneously 2 cm above the pectoralis tendon. Onlay fixation of the LHBT is performed proximal to the pectoralis major muscle insertion using a unicortical button. Postoperative protocol is similar to other fixation constructs.

Results:

Numerous arthroscopic biceps tenodesis techniques have been described with good success; however, an all-arthroscopic suprapectoral tenodesis is attractive to many reasons. The unicortical button construct shows similar load to failure strength as the bicortical button construct, both of which are greater than all other constructs described in the literature.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Arthroscopic subgroove biceps tenodesis using a unicortical button technique is a viable option that avoids the complications associated with an open axillary incision as well as persistent groove pain. Anchoring the biceps tendon prior to tenotomy allows for preservation of tendon length, limiting the complications associated with tendon retraction with anticipated improvement in patient-reported outcomes. The unicortical button is known to have a similar strength profile as the bicortical button technique, which is greater than other techniques described in the literature. Future studies should be aimed at assessing long-term patient-reported outcomes.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
The perioperative period of liver transplantation from unconventional extended criteria donors: data from two high-volume centres
Authors: Pescarissi Claudia , Penzo Beatrice , Ghinolfi Davide , Lai Quirino , Bindi Lucia , DeCarlis Riccardo , Melandro Fabio , Balzano Emanuele , DeSimone Paolo , DeCarlis Luciano , DeGasperi Andrea ,   Italian Collaborative Group on Liver Transplantation from Extended Criteria Donation, Amici Ombretta , Amorese Gabriella , Barbaglio Caterina , Belfiore Jacopo , Bisà Massimo , Brunetti Andrea , Camera Daniela , Nicolini Niccolò Castellani , Catalano Gabriele , Cibelli Eva , Colombo Stefania , Consani Giovanni , DiMatteo Simone , Esposito Massimo , Guffanti Elena , Mazza Ernestina , Mazzanti Tommaso , Meacci Luca , Molinari Pietro , Petrò Laura , Pratesi Giorgia , Prosperi Manlio , Puccini Francesca , Roselli Elena , Scaffidi Ilenia , Spelta Alicia , Taddei Riccardo , Tincani Giovanni , Torri Francesco , Biancofiore Giandomenico L.
Published: December 2022

Background

As literature largely focuses on long-term outcomes, this study aimed at elucidating the perioperative outcomes of liver transplant patients receiving a graft from two groups of unconventional expanded criteria donors: brain dead aged > 80 years and cardiac dead.

Methods

Data of 247 cirrhotic patients transplanted at two high volume liver transplant centers were analysed. Confounders were balanced using a stabilized inverse probability therapy weighting and a propensity score for each patient on the original population was generated. The score was created using a multivariate logistic regression model considering a Comprehensive Complication Index ≥ 42 (no versus yes) as the dependent variable and 11 possible clinically relevant confounders as covariate.

Results

Forty-four patients received the graft from a cardiac-dead donor and 203 from a brain-dead donor aged > 80 years. Intraoperatively, cardiac-dead donors liver transplant cases required more fresh frozen plasma units (P < 0.0001) with similar reduced need of fibrinogen to old brain-dead donors cases. The incidence of reperfusion syndrome was similar (P = 0.80). In the Intensive Care Unit, both the groups presented a comparable low need for blood transfusions, renal replacement therapy and inotropes. Cardiac-dead donors liver transplantations required more time to tracheal extubation (P < 0.0001) and scored higher Comprehensive Complication Index (P < 0.0001) however the incidence of a severe complication status (Comprehensive Complication Index  ≥ 42) was similar (P = 0.52). ICU stay (P = 0.97), total hospital stay (P = 0.57), in hospital (P = 1.00) and 6 months (P = 1.00) death were similar.

Conclusion

Selected octogenarian and cardiac-dead donors can be used safely for liver transplantation.
Comparison of response options and actual symptom frequency in the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in women in early pregnancy and non-pregnant women
Authors: Suenaga Hiromi
Published: December 2022

Background

The positive predictive rate of the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is lower than those of other versions. This study aimed to confirm whether the EPDS Japanese version reflects actual symptom frequency and to examine the possibility of improving the positive predictive rate.

Methods

This is a methodological study aimed at improving the positive predictive value of EPDS. The participants were 63 non-pregnant and 382 pregnant women. They answered the 10 questions of the Japanese version of the EPDS and reported the specific number of days as the frequency. The EPDS score (EPDS-S) and the frequency score (FREQ-S) were calculated for three factors of emotion: anhedonia, anxiety, and depression.

Results

The positive rates of the EPDS-S and FREQ-S in pregnant women were 6% and 8%, respectively, which were lower than those in non-pregnant women (17%). On comparing the EPDS-S with the FREQ-S, a significant underestimation of frequency was observed in approximately 3% of pregnant women. The FREQ-S showed better internal consistency than the EPDS-S. Among the factors of emotion, women tended to rate anhedonia lower in the EPDS-S than in the frequency scale.

Conclusion

Pregnant women tended to report a lower frequency on the Japanese version of the EPDS than their actual symptom frequency, which was especially true for those with a desire to self-harm. The combined use of the FREQ-S and EPDS-S can prevent underestimation and help improve the detection rate of depression.
Emotional distress symptoms and their determinants: screening of non-clinical hospital staff in an Egyptian University hospital
Authors: Ibrahim Noha M. , Gamal-Elden Dina A. , Gadallah Mohsen A. , Kandil Sahar K.
Published: December 2022

Background

Non-clinical hospital staff were rarely studied despite their potential exposure to workplace stressors. We aimed to measure the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress (emotional distress symptoms) and determine their association with perceived job stress level and socioeconomic factors among non-clinical hospital staff.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ain-Shams University Hospitals from March to May 2019. Tools were the Arabic Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, Workplace Stress Scale, and Socioeconomic status scale. Independent correlates were determined using multivariable ordinal regression.

Results

Out of 462 participants, 72.5% reported receiving insufficient income and 54.8% showed Effort-reward imbalance. Job stress was scored as severe/potentially dangerous by 30.1%. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 67.5, 69.0, and 51.7%; and the severe/extremely severe levels were 20.8, 34.6, and 17.6% respectively. Across all the severity levels, the likelihood of depression, anxiety, and stress were progressively higher with more serious levels of income insufficiency [in debt versus able to save, OR:5.82 (95%CI:2.35–14.43), OR:3.84 (95%CI:1.66–8.91), and OR:3.01 (95%CI:1.20–7.55) respectively] and with higher job stress levels. Specifically, the likelihood of depression, anxiety, and stress increased by 74, 56, and 53% respectively with feelings of unpleasant/unsafe work conditions and by 64, 38, and 62% respectively with the presence of work-life conflict; while the likelihood of depression and stress increased by 32 and 33% respectively when there was difficult communication with superiors; and only the likelihood of depression increased by 23% with underutilization of skills.

Conclusion

Non-clinical hospital staff were commonly affected by emotional distress symptoms with high rates of severe/very severe levels, and they often considered their workplace stress as severe/potentially dangerous. Workplace stress and income insufficiency were strong correlates with emotional distress symptoms. Decreasing work-life conflict, enhancing leadership skills, and mitigation of the economic hardship are needed.
Hidden blood loss of minimally invasive hybrid lumbar interbody fusion: an analysis of influencing factors
Authors: Dai Zhong , Feng Da Peng , Wu Kang Long , Zhu Jie Yang , Li Zheng Wei
Published: December 2022

Background

Lumbar interbody fusion(LIF) is the leading way to treat Lumbar Degenerative Diseases(LDD). At present, there is a lack of research on the influencing factors of hidden blood loss in minimally invasive hybrid lumbar interbody fusion. This study comprehensively explores the definite factors affecting the hidden blood loss in minimally invasive hybrid lumbar interbody fusion.

Materials and methods

One hundred patients with Lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent minimally invasive hybrid lumbar interbody fusion in our center were included. Demographics, laboratory data, surgical data, and radiographic data were collected. The Gross equation and Sehat equation were used to calculate the estimated value of hidden blood loss. Multi-factor linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of hidden blood loss.

Result

We reviewed and collected 100 patients who underwent minimally invasive hybrid approach, mean age 65 ± 10 years, male: female 37:63; 17 patients of diabetes and 83 patients of non-diabetes; Total blood loss was 645.59 ± 376.37 ml, hidden blood loss was 421.39 ± 337.45 ml, the hidden blood loss percentage was 57 ± 26%. Results from the multi-factorial linear regression model: Diabetes (p < 0.05), hypertension (p < 0.05), psoas thickness (p < 0.05) and dorsal extensor group thickness (p < 0.05) were potential risk factors for postoperative hidden blood loss.

Conclusion

Although minimally invasive hybrid approach is minimally invasive surgery, there is still a significant amount of hidden blood loss. There is a greater risk of blood loss in diabetes, hypertension and preoperative MRI assessment of thickness of the psoas, thickness of the dorsal extensor group.
Effect of partial restorative treatment on stress distributions in non-carious cervical lesions: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Luo Xin , Rong Qiguo , Luan Qingxian , Yu Xiaoqian
Published: December 2022

Background

Partial restoration combined with periodontal root coverage surgery can be applied to the treatment of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) accompanied with gingival recessions in clinical practice. However, the feasibility of NCCL partial restorative treatment from a biomechanical perspective remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of partial restorations on stress distributions in the NCCLs of mandibular first premolars via three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Methods

Three-dimensional finite element models of buccal wedge-shaped NCCLs in various locations of a defected zenith (0 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm) were constructed and divided into three groups (A, B, and C). Three partially restored NCCL models with different locations of the lower restoration border (1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm), and one completely restored NCCL model were further constructed for each group. The following restorative materials were used in all restoration models: composite resin (CR), glass-ionomer cement (GIC), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The first principal stress distributions under buccal oblique loads of 100 N were analyzed. Restoration bond failures were also evaluated based on stress distributions at dentin-restoration interfaces.

Results

When the partial restoration fully covered the defected zenith, the first principal stress around the zenith decreased and the maximum tensile stress was concentrated at the lower restoration border. When the partial restoration did not cover the defected zenith, the first principal stress distribution patterns were similar to those in unrestored models, with the maximum tensile stress remaining concentrated at the zenith. As the elastic modulus of the restorative material was altered, the stress distributions at the interface were not obviously changed. Restoration bond failures were not observed in CR, but occurred in GIC and MTA in most models.

Conclusions

Partial restorations that fully covered defected zeniths improved the stress distributions in NCCLs, while the stress distributions were unchanged or worsened under other circumstances. CR was the optimal material for partial restorations compared to GIC and MTA.
Health related quality of life, service utilization and costs for patients with Huntington’s disease in Norway
Authors: van Walsem Marleen R. , Frich Jan C. , Gómez Castañeda Monica , Howe Emilie Isager , Pihlstrøm Lasse , Andelic Nada , Aas Eline
Published: December 2022

Background

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive genetic neurodegenerative disease accompanied by mental and neurocognitive disabilities, which requires long-term and comprehensive treatment and care. Information on the health and economic burden of HD is scarce, but essential for conducting health economic analyses, in light of the prospect of new therapies for HD. In this study, we aim to identify values for Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), describe service utilization and costs, and their associations with clinical and socio-demographic variables across all phases of HD.

Methods

A cross-sectional study including 86 patients across all phases of HD. Values of HRQoL were calculated based on EQ-5D-3L index scores. Additionally, health care and societal costs were estimated based on service utilization collected using the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) and data from the patients’ interviews. Total societal costs included costs of primary and secondary health care services, informal care and productivity loss of the patients. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate associations between socio-demographic and clinical variables on HRQoL and costs.

Results

HRQoL values declined, while total costs increased across disease severity. Total six-month healthcare costs and total societal costs were € 18,538 and € 66,789 respectively. Healthcare and societal costs doubled from early to middle phase, and tripled from middle to advanced disease phase. Main six-month cost components for the three disease phases were informal care costs (€ 30,605) accounting for approximately half the total societal costs, and costs due to production loss (€ 18,907) being slightly higher than the total healthcare costs. Disease severity and gender were found to have the strongest effect on both values of HRQoL and costs.

Conclusions

Reported values of HRQoL and costs including costs for production loss may be used in modelling the cost-effectiveness of treatment for HD. Our results highlight the crucial role the informal caregivers play in the care provided to HD patients in all disease phases. Future research should focus on the estimation of productivity loss among informal caregivers.
Association of shift work with incident dementia: a community-based cohort study
Authors: Liao Huanquan , Pan Dong , Deng Zhenhong , Jiang Jingru , Cai Jinhua , Liu Ying , He Baixuan , Lei Ming , Li Honghong , Li Yi , Xu Yongteng , Tang Yamei
Published: December 2022

Background

Some observational studies had found that shift work would increase risks of metabolic disorders, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases, but there was no homogeneous evidence of such an association between shift work and incident dementia. This study aimed to investigate whether shift work would increase the risk of dementia in a general population.

Methods

One hundred seventy thousand seven hundred twenty-two employed participants without cognitive impairment or dementia at baseline recruited between 2006 and 2010 were selected from the UK Biobank cohort study. Follow-up occurred through June 2021. Shift work status at baseline was self-reported by participants and they were categorized as non-shift workers or shift workers. Among shift workers, participants were further categorized as night shift workers or shift but non-night shift workers. The primary outcome was all-cause dementia in a time-to-event analysis, and the secondary outcomes were subtypes of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia.

Results

In total, 716 dementia cases were observed among 170,722 participants over a median follow-up period of 12.4 years. Shift workers had an increased risk of all-cause dementia as compared with non-shift workers after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.58); however, among shift workers, night shift work was not associated with the risk of dementia (HR, 1.04, 95% CI, 0.73–1.47). We found no significant interaction between shift work and genetic predisposition to dementia on the primary outcome (P for interaction = 0.77).

Conclusions

Shift work at baseline was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. Among shift workers, there was no significant association between night shift work and the risk of dementia. The increased incidence of dementia in shift workers did not differ between participants in different genetic risk strata for dementia.
Bioassay-guided isolation and characterization of lead antimicrobial compounds from Acacia hydaspica plant extract
Authors: Afsar Tayyaba , Razak Suhail , Almajwal Ali , Shabbir Maria , Khan Khushbukhat , Trembley Janeen , Alruwaili Nawaf W.
Published: December 2022

Acacia hydaspica possesses varied pharmacological attributes. We aimed to examine the antimicrobial potential and isolate the active antimicrobial metabolites. The plant extract was fractionated and the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract, fractions and compounds was tested by agar well diffusion and agar tube dilution and broth dilution methods. Bacterial strains selected for bioactivity testing were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii while selected strains from kingdom fungi were Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus. The active compounds were isolated from Acacia hydaspica by bioassay-guided fractionation and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopic techniques. S. aureus cell surface proteins, Autolysins (Atl), Clumping factor A (ClfA), and Fibronectin Binding Proteins (FnBP), were molecularly docked with Catechin 3-O-gallate (CG) and Methyl gallate (MG) and binding energy and molecular interactions between the proteins and compounds were analyzed. Ethyl acetate (AHE) and Butanol (AHB) fractions of A. hydaspica were the most active fractions against tested microbial strains. Therefore, both were subjected to bioassay-directed fractionation which led to the isolation of one pure active antimicrobial AHE and one active pure compound from AHB fraction besides active enriched isolates. Methyl-gallate (MG) and catechin-3-gallate (CG) are active compounds extracted from AHE and AHB fractions respectively. In antibacterial testing MG significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli (MIC50 = 21.5 µg/ml), B. subtilus (MIC50 = 23 µg/ml) and S. aureus (MIC50 = 39.1 µg/ml) while moderate to low activity was noticed against other tested bacterial strains. Antifungal testing reveals that MG showed potent antifungal activity against F. solani (MIC50 = 33.9 µg/ml) and A. niger (MIC50 = 41.5 µg/ml) while lower antifungal activity was seen in other tested strains. AHB fractions and pure compound (CG) showed specific antibacterial activity against S. aureus only (MIC50 = 10.1 µg/ml) while compound and enriched fractions showed moderate to no activity against other bacterial and fungal strains respectively. Molecular docking analysis revealed that CG interacted more strongly with the cell surface proteins than MG. Among these proteins, CG made a stronger complex with ClfA (binding affinity − 9.7) with nine hydrophobic interactions and five hydrogen bonds. Methyl gallate (MG) and catechin 3-O-gallate (CG) are the major antimicrobial compound from A. hydaspica that inhibit the growth of specific microbes. The occurrence of MG and CG endorse the traditional antimicrobial applicability of A. hydaspica, and it can be a legitimate alternative to control specific microbial infections.
Effectiveness of the chronic care model for adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goh Lay Hoon , Siah Chiew Jiat Rosalind , Tam Wilson Wai San , Tai E Shyong , Young Doris Yee Ling
Published: December 2022

Background

Mixed evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) with patient outcomes. The aim of this review is to examine the effectiveness of CCM interventions on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), LDL cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) among primary care adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from January 1990 to June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CCM interventions against usual care among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care with HbA1c, SBP, DBP, LDL cholesterol and BMI as outcomes. An abbreviated search was performed from 2021 to April 2022. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for data extraction and Cochrane risk of bias assessment. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using χ2andI2test statistics. Overall effects were evaluated usingZstatistic.

Results

A total of 17 studies involving 16485 patients were identified. Most studies had low risks of bias. Meta-analysis of all 17 studies revealed that CCM interventions significantly decreased HbA1clevels compared to usual care, with a mean difference (MD) of −0.21%, 95% CI −0.30, −0.13;Z= 5.07,p<0.00001. Larger effects were experienced among adults with baseline HbA1c≥8% (MD −0.36%, 95% CI −0.51, −0.21;Z= 5.05,p<0.00001) and when four or more CCM elements were present in the interventions (MD −0.25%, 95% CI −0.35, −0.15;Z= 4.85,p<0.00001). Interventions with CCM decreased SBP (MD −2.93 mmHg, 95% CI −4.46, −1.40,Z= 3.75,p=0.0002) and DBP (MD −1.35 mmHg, 95% CI −2.05, −0.65,Z= 3.79,p=0.0002) compared to usual care but there was no impact on LDL cholesterol levels or BMI.

Conclusions

CCM interventions, compared to usual care, improve glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care, with greater reductions when the mean baseline HbA1cis ≥8% and with interventions containing four or more CCM elements.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO  CRD42021273959
Federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture: key technologies, applications and challenges
Authors: Bao Guanming , Guo Ping
Published: December 2022

In recent years, with the rapid growth of edge data, the novel cloud-edge collaborative architecture has been proposed to compensate for the lack of data processing power of traditional cloud computing. On the other hand, on account of the increasing demand of the public for data privacy, federated learning has been proposed to compensate for the lack of security of traditional centralized machine learning. Deploying federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture is widely considered to be a promising cyber infrastructure in the future. Although each cloud-edge collaboration and federated learning is hot research topic respectively at present, the discussion of deploying federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture is still in its infancy and little research has been conducted. This article aims to fill the gap by providing a detailed description of the critical technologies, challenges, and applications of deploying federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture, and providing guidance on future research directions.
Salix subserrata Bark Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Neurotoxicity Induced by Sodium Arsenate in Rats in Relation with HPLC–PDA-ESI–MS/MS Profile
Authors: Hamdan Daila I. , Tawfeek Nora , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Khalil Heba M. A. , Mahmoud Mohamed Y. , Bakr Alaa F. , Zaafar Dalia , Farrag Nawaal , Wink Michael , El-Shazly Assem Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Pollution is a worldwide environmental risk. Arsenic (As) is an environmental pollutant with a major health concern due to its toxic effects on multiple body organs, including the brain. Humans are exposed to As through eating contaminated food and water or via skin contact. Salix species (willow) are plants with medicinal efficacy. Salix subserrata Willd bark extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SBE.CNPs) was formulated, characterized, and evaluated against As-induced neurotoxicity. The stem bark was selected for nanoparticle formulation based on HPLC–PDA-ESI–MS/MS profiling and in vitro antioxidant assessment using free radical scavenging activity. SBE.CNPs demonstrated an average un-hydrated diameter of 193.4 ± 24.5 nm and zeta potential of + 39.6 ± 0.4 mV with an encapsulation efficiency of 83.7 ± 4.3%. Compared to As-intoxicated rats, SBE.CNP-treated rats exhibited anxiolytic activity and memory-boosting as evidenced in open field test, light–dark activity box, and Y-maze. Also, it increased the antioxidant biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase associated with reducing the malondialdehyde levels and apoptotic activity. Besides this, SBE.CNPs maintained the brain architecture and downregulated both nuclear factor-kappa B and heme oxygenase-1 expression. These results suggest that SBE.CNP administration showed promising potent neuroprotective and antioxidative efficiencies against arsenic-induced oxidative threats.
Effective medium theory with hybrid impacts of phase symmetry and asymmetry for analyzing phase transition behavior
Authors: Zhou X. C. , Lin W. Y. , Yang F. B. , Zhou X. D. , Shen J. , Huang J. P.
Published: December 2022

Recent research found a hysteresis phenomenon of electric conductance against metallic phase ratio during the thermally driven metal-insulator transition in the vanadium trioxide system. Profoundly exploring the hysteresis mechanism might help analyze the phase transition behavior. However, there is no complete analytical theory to give a quantitative description. In this work, we developed an effective medium theory to predict the relationships between the effective electric conductance and the metallic phase ratio during warming and cooling processes. It reveals that the above hysteresis is due to the hybrid impacts of phase symmetry and asymmetry in spatial distribution (termed space factor). Then, we applied this theory to deduce the nucleation and growth behavior of the minority phase in the majority phase during phase transition. The predicted relationship between metallic phase ratio and temperature is consistent with the experimental results obtained by scanning microwave impedance microscopy. It shows that the above dynamic behaviors during the warming and cooling processes are asymmetrical (termed dynamic factor). Combining the space and dynamic factors, we summarized the thermal hysteresis mechanism of the metal-insulator transition. Finally, we analyzed the influence of these two factors on the electric conductance difference during the warming and cooling processes. The result indicates that adjusting asymmetrical elements in space and dynamic factors is key to controlling thermal hysteresis magnitude. Since the electric conductance in our theory can be replaced by other physical properties, such as thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, and magnetic permeability, this work might help analyze many different phase transition behaviors.
Targeted Public Health Training for Neurosurgeons: An Essential Task for the Prioritization of Neurosurgery in the Evolving Global Health Landscape
Authors: Rallo Michael S. , Strong Michael J. , Teton Zoe E. , Murazsko Karin , Nanda Anil , Liau Linda , Rosseau Gail
Published: December 2022

The gap between the tremendous burden of neurological disease requiring surgical management and the limited capacity for neurosurgical care has fueled the growth of the global neurosurgical movement. It is estimated that an additional 23 300 neurosurgeons are needed to meet the burden posed by essential cases across the globe. Initiatives to increase neurosurgical capacity through systems strengthening and workforce development are key elements in correcting this deficit. Building on the growing interest in global health among neurosurgical trainees, we propose the integration of targeted public health education into neurosurgical training, in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This effort will ensure that graduates possess the fundamental skillsets and experience necessary to participate in and lead capacity-building efforts in the developing countries. This additional public health training can also help neurosurgical residents to achieve the core competencies outlined by accreditation boards, such as the Accreditation Committee on Graduate Medical Education in the United States. In this narrative review, we describe the global burden of neurosurgical disease, establish the need and role for the global neurosurgeon, and discuss pathways for implementing targeted global public health education in the field of neurosurgery.
An induced pluripotent stem cell-based model identifies molecular targets of vincristine neurotoxicity
Authors: Tsai Neng-Wei , Lin Cheng-Chen , Yeh Ti-Yen , Chiu Yu-An , Chiu Hsin-Hui , Huang Hsiang-Po , Hsieh Sung-Tsang
Published: December 2022

To model peripheral nerve degeneration and investigate molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we established a cell system of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons exposed to vincristine, a drug that frequently causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Sensory neurons differentiated from iPSCs exhibit distinct neurochemical patterns according to the immunocytochemical phenotypes, and gene expression of peripherin (PRPH, hereafter referred to as Peri) and neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH, hereafter referred to as NF). The majority of iPSC-derived sensory neurons were PRPH positive/NEFH negative, i.e. Peri(+)/NF(−) neurons, whose somata were smaller than those of Peri(+)/NF(+) neurons. On exposure to vincristine, projections from the cell body of a neuron, i.e. neurites, were degenerated quicker than somata, the lethal concentration to kill 50% (LC50) of neurites being below the LC50 for somata, consistent with the clinical pattern of length-dependent neuropathy. We then examined the molecular expression in the MAP kinase signaling pathways of, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (MAPK1/3, hereafter referred to as ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK11/12/13/14, hereafter referred to as p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (MAPK8/9/10, hereafter referred to as JNK). Regarding these three cascades, only phosphorylation of JNK was upregulated but not that of p38 or ERK1/2. Furthermore, vincristine-treatment resulted in impaired autophagy and reduced autophagic flux. Rapamycin-treatment reversed the effect of impaired autophagy and JNK activation. These results not only established a platform to study peripheral degeneration of human neurons but also provide molecular mechanisms for neurodegeneration with the potential for therapeutic targets.
Structural and functional changes in the kidneys of rats with toxic nephropathy after a course of drinking mineral water «DONAT Mg»
Authors: Pavliuk N. , Badiuk N. , Vasiuk V.
Published: December 2022

Kidney disease of various etiologies affects 6-7% of the total population of the globe. Glomerulonephritis and nephropathy of various etiologies make up a significant part of these kidney lesions. Infectious and non-infectious glomerulonephritis and nephropathy are distinguished, the latter are associated with the influence of environmental factors, including toxic substances, heavy metals and even medications.

Magnesium is considered one of the components of the body's stress-limiting system, since all its effects are aimed at reducing the manifestations of stress and normalizing adaptation processes.

A comparative assessment of changes in the kidneys during the simulation of toxic nephropathy and the influence of magnesium-containing agents on the course of the pathology of the experimental model was carried out.
Ateny Lwa Szestowa
Authors: Filcek Jan
Published: December 2022

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę ukazania symboliki Aten w twórczości Lwa Szestowa. W tym celu autor odwołuje się do Szestowowskiej koncepcji rozumu, którą Rosjanin buduje w ramach refleksji nad dziejami myśli filozoficznej. Wedle autora Aten i Jerozolimy rozum (za pośrednictwem działalności przytłaczającej większości filozofów), wikła człowieka w poznanie narażone na rozmaite błędy epistemiczne. Rozum występuje wobec rzeczywistości z postulatami m.in. jedności, ścisłości oraz powszechnej obowiązywalności, które eliminują z horyzontu poznania zjawiska niejednoznaczne i wyjątkowe. Owe kategorie służące rozumowi do opisu rzeczywistości, wybrzmiały w filozofii wielkich myślicieli: Talesa z Miletu, Sokratesa, Barucha Spinozy i Artura Schopenhauera. W artykule dokonana została analiza krytyki Szestowa względem idei głoszonych przez wskazanych myślicieli.
As Relações de Poder no Mediterrâneo Antigo e a Presença Inicial dos Gregos no Egito durante os Séculos VII e VI a.C.
Authors: Duarte Alair Figueiredo , Levy Hector Eliahou Leon
Published: December 2022

Os contatos entre gregos e egípcios no mundo antigo se intensificaram a partir do século VII a.C., por meio do comércio e alianças políticas. Nesse contexto, utilizando como fonte principal a obra “Histórias” de Heródoto, e os ensinamentos do cientista político e filósofo Norberto Bobbio, como conceitos teóricos, analisaremos as relações entre helenos e egípcios, bem como os seus impactos no Egito Saíta (c. 664-525 a.C.).
Sons da Trácia! A Valorização do Músico Estrangeiro Através da Iconografia Mitológica
Authors: Carderaro dos Santos Lidiane Carolina
Published: December 2022

Este artigo vem apresentar um olhar sobre a relação estabelecida com o músico estrangeiro no imaginário grego dos períodos Arcaico e Clássico. Por meio da iconografia, sobretudo de vasos cerâmicos, busca-se identificar razões para essa valorização do estrangeiro no contexto musical, tendo por referência as figuras de músicos mitológicos trácios e suas trajetórias.