bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast and Long‐Term Super‐Resolution Imaging of Endoplasmic Reticulum Nano‐structural Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Neural Network
Authors: Rahm Johanna V. , Balakrishnan Ashwin , Wehrheim Maren , Kaminer Alexandra , Glogger Marius , Kessler Laurell F. , Kaschube Matthias , Barth Hans‐Dieter , Heilemann Mike
Published: November 2024

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a super‐resolution technique that surpasses the diffraction limit and has contributed to the study of dynamic processes in living cells. However, high laser intensities induce fluorophore photobleaching and sample phototoxicity, limiting the number of fluorescence images obtainable from a living cell. Herein, these challenges are addressed by using ultra‐low irradiation intensities and a neural network for image restoration, enabling extensive imaging of single living cells. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is chosen as the target structure due to its dynamic nature over short and long timescales. The reduced irradiation intensity combined with denoising permits continuous ER dynamics observation in living cells for up to 7 h with a temporal resolution of seconds. This allows for quantitative analysis of ER structural features over short (seconds) and long (hours) timescales within the same cell, and enabled fast 3D live‐cell STED microscopy. Overall, the combination of ultralow irradiation with image restoration enables comprehensive analysis of organelle dynamics over extended periods in living cells.
Trend‐Based Predictive Maintenance and Fault Detection Analytics for Photovoltaic Power Plants
Authors: Marangis Demetris , Livera Andreas , Tziolis Georgios , Makrides George , Kyprianou Andreas , Georghiou George E.
Published: November 2024

Optimized predictive maintenance in photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial for ensuring prolonged operational performance and cost‐effective operation and maintenance (O&M). Even though failure detection methods have already been developed, the main challenge remains the lack of predictive maintenance strategies to accurately forecast underperformance conditions. The scope of this work is to develop a predictive maintenance and failure detection routine for assessing the health status of PV systems. The workflow consists of the eXtreme gradient boosting algorithm for modeling the PV performance, the one‐class support vector machine algorithm for fault detection, and the Facebook Prophet algorithm for forecasting PV performance trends and generating maintenance alerts. The developed data‐driven routine analyzes performance trend deviations and it is validated using a historical dataset from a utility‐scale PV power plant in Greece. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the developed workflow in detecting fault conditions, achieving a sensitivity of 96.9%. Additionally, the results demonstrate the workflow's ability to generate predictive maintenance alerts up to 7 days in advance, yielding a sensitivity of 92.9%. Finally, the study provides useful insights that enhance operators’ efficiency in conducting O&M activities.
Infrared Thermography of Turbulence Patterns of Operational Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Supported With High‐Resolution Photography: KI‐VISIR Dataset
Authors: Chaudhuri Somsubhro , Stamm Michael , Lapšanská Ivana , Lançon Thibault , Osterbrink Lars , Driebe Thomas , Hein Daniel , Harendt René
Published: November 2024

With increasing wind energy capacity and installation of wind turbines, new inspection techniques are being explored to examine wind turbine rotor blades, especially during operation. A common result of surface damage phenomena (such as leading edge erosion) is the premature transition of laminar to turbulent flow on the surface of rotor blades. In the KI‐VISIR (Künstliche Intelligenz Visuell und Infrarot Thermografie—Artificial Intelligence‐Visual and Infrared Thermography) project, infrared thermography is used as an inspection tool to capture so‐called thermal turbulence patterns (TTPs) that result from such surface contamination or damage. To complement the thermographic inspections, high‐resolution photography is performed to visualise, in detail, the sites where these turbulence patterns initiate. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed and used to detect and localise turbulence patterns. A unique dataset combining the thermograms and visual images of operational wind turbine rotor blades has been provided, along with the simplified annotations for the turbulence patterns. Additional tools are available to allow users to use the data requiring only basic Python programming skills.
Implementation of clinical breast examination screening programme as part of primary care in Vietnam: An analysis of contextual factors
Authors: Ngan Tran Thu , Minh Hoang Van , Donnelly Michael , O'Neill Ciaran
Published: November 2024

Clinical breast examination (CBE) screening for breast cancer in Vietnam was proved to be cost‐effective and acceptable to women. However, the outcomes of the implementation of such proposed programme are unknown. To inform the design and implementation planning of the proposed screening programme, this study investigated and analysed the contextual factors of implementing a CBE programme as part of primary care in Vietnam. Regarding methods, the Breast Health Global Initiative Framework and its seven contextual domains for breast cancer health care (including i. epidemiological, ii. policy/legal, iii. geographical/environmental, iv. service and organisational, v. financial, vi. social and economic, vii. cultural and psychosocial) guided the programme implementation analysis. Literature review, documentary analysis of polices, and key informant interviews (with representatives of health authorities at all four levels of Vietnam health system) were used to gather data for each domain. The results show that Vietnam's policy context pointed to the focus on cancer early detection through screening. According to key informants, district level was the most appropriate level for organising and delivering a CBE programme, and only doctors should perform a CBE. Knowledge about breast cancer and perceived susceptibility to receiving a breast cancer diagnosis was positively associated with CBE uptake. In conclusions, the current policy framework supports the implementation of a CBE screening programme in Vietnam. CBE should be performed by doctors, at the district level, and alongside health promotion.
Heat and mass transfer analysis in flow of Walter's B nanofluid: A numerical study of dual solutions
Authors: Sarfraz Mahnoor , Muhammad Khursheed , Alrihieli Haifaa F , Abdelmohimen Mostafa A. H.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the behavior of Walter's liquid B fluid over a biaxially stretching/shrinking surface for Homann stagnation point flow, focusing on the rheological properties that are crucial for understanding physical phenomena in engineering and industrial processes. The problem is modeled using Buongiorno's model in the presence of a permeable surface subject to heat generation/absorption, Ohmic heating, and chemical reactions influenced by Arrhenius activation energy. The governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using an appropriate similarity transformation, and the results are graphically analyzed via MATLAB's bvp5c solver. The study highlights the importance of characterizing the intricate properties of viscoelastic fluids, with potential applications in biomedical engineering and materials science. The findings reveal the coexistence of two distinct flow regimes and dual solutions are obtained. It is noted that the activation energy parameter is shown to enhance mass distribution in both solutions, while chemical reactions accelerate reactant conversion but reduce mass distribution. Additionally, an increase in viscoelasticity shifts the fluid's behavior towards elasticity, creating greater resistance to shear deformation and reducing both velocity profiles.
Unveiling the Collaborative Dynamics of Clusters in Enhancing Cooperation for Green Marketing Initiatives: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Mazandarani Mohammad Reza , Royo-Vela Marcelo
Published: November 2024

In the current business landscape, where prioritizing sustainability has become imperative, cooperation in developing green marketing takes center stage. Companies are urged to adopt innovative approaches, transcending individual interests in favor of a collective commitment to the greater good. In this transformative journey, cluster organizations emerge as facilitators, leveraging their inherent advantages to propel and support such innovative endeavors. However, despite the growing scholarly attention toward green marketing and the diminishing significance of geographical proximity in communication, there remains a need for further investigation into the effectiveness of clusters for green marketing initiatives. Accordingly, this paper aims to conceptualize how clusters, leveraging their non-spatial proximity advantages, can foster cooperation for green marketing initiatives.

Clusters are influenced by firm relationships such as affiliation, coordination, collaboration, and strategic networks. These relationships influence the degree of non-spatial proximities such as social, cognitive, institutional, and organizational dimensions. Moreover, each facet of non-spatial proximity serves as a foundation for distinct forms of cooperation in green marketing. This framework posits that social proximity fosters research collaboration and knowledge sharing, cognitive proximity facilitates the exchange of resources and expertise, institutional proximity supports advocacy for policy initiatives, and at the apex of cooperative endeavors, organizational proximity drives joint marketing initiatives and innovation. This conceptual model offers practical guidance and paves the way for more in-depth examinations in subsequent studies.
The q-Schwarzian and Liouville gravity
Authors: Blommaert Andreas , Mertens Thomas G. , Yao Shunyu
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present a new holographic duality between q-Schwarzian quantum mechanics and Liouville gravity. The q-Schwarzian is a one parameter deformation of the Schwarzian, which is dual to JT gravity and describes the low energy sector of SYK. We show that the q-Schwarzian in turn is dual to sinh dilaton gravity. This one parameter deformation of JT gravity can be rewritten as Liouville gravity. We match the thermodynamics and classical two point function between q-Schwarzian and Liouville gravity. We further prove the duality on the quantum level by rewriting sinh dilaton gravity as a topological gauge theory, and showing that the latter equals the q-Schwarzian. As the q-Schwarzian can be quantized exactly, this duality can be viewed as an exact solution of sinh dilaton gravity on the disk topology. For real q, this q-Schwarzian corresponds to double-scaled SYK and is dual to a sine dilaton gravity.
Comparison of ante- and postmortem ventricular wall thickness using echocardiography and autopsy findings
Authors: Lohner L. , Ondruschka B. , Garland J. , Tse R. , Suling A. I. , Sinning C.
Published: November 2024

In autopsy practice, the thickness of ventricular walls is one of the parameters used to identify cardiac hypertrophy. The presented study aimed to compare ante- and postmortem measurements of ventricular wall thickness, (i) to determine a postmortem standardized localization and dissection method for ventricular wall measurements, and (ii) to determine the ability of postmortem measurements in recognition of antemortem hypertrophy. A single-center prospective study was conducted at the Institute of Legal Medicine in Hamburg, Germany. Sixty hearts were dissected alternating by the inflow-outflow or short-axis method, and the ventricular walls were measured at different locations and compared with the echocardiographic values of the end-diastolic phase during life of these individuals. The results showed measurement differences between the autoptic and echocardiographic values—for the left ventricle between 3.3 and 5.2 mm, for the right ventricle between 0.2 and 1.1 mm, and for the septum between 1.3 and 1.4 mm. Diagnostic performance of recognizing antemortem hypertrophy with postmortem measurement was poor, except for measuring the right ventricle and septum with the short-axis method (area under the ROC curve of 0.72 and 0.82, respectively). According to the results, cardiac changes may occur postmortem and need to be considered when used for diagnosing cardiac pathology. The postmortem diagnosis of left or right ventricular hypertrophy should always be made in conjunction with other, particularly cardiac, autopsy findings. An autoptic diagnosis of hypertrophy solely by a ventricular wall thickness > 15 mm or > 5 mm alone is not sufficient.
Effect of Mental Health Care Visits on HIV Care Outcomes
Authors: Bussard Morgan E. , Ashraf Sunbal , Summers Nathan A.
Published: November 2024

To improve the quality of life for people living with HIV (PLWH), it is vital their treatment plans closely follow the HIV care continuum. However, many barriers, such as mental health disorders (MHD), can complicate treatment. Patients being treated for HIV with comorbid MHD are more likely to not be retained in care and maintain an unsuppressed viral load. As PLWH and people vulnerable to acquiring HIV are more commonly diagnosed with MHD in comparison to the general population, it is important that steps to mitigate the possible effects of MHD are addressed during treatment. This study examines how minimal mental health care in a safety-net hospital system in the U.S. South can show benefits in retaining patients throughout their treatment of HIV. The results showed that older individuals retained a higher level of viral suppression when they followed up regularly with a mental health care provider during treatment. In addition, regardless of age, the higher the number of mental health care visits a patient attended during treatment, the higher the likelihood of viral suppression. By incorporating mental health care into the HIV treatment plan, the patients who met at least one of these criteria had better treatment outcomes and progressed further along the HIV care continuum.
Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Predictor of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Outcomes in a Naturalistic Outpatient Treatment
Authors: Krzikalla Clara , Buhlmann Ulrike , Andor Tanja , Morina Nexhmedin
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous research has reported associations between various forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT; e.g., rumination, worry, and the content-independent process of RNT) and the onset and maintenance of psychological disorders. Additionally, reductions in RNT are linked to improved treatment outcomes, primarily based on findings from randomized controlled trials. This study examined RNT in the context of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in routine clinical care.

Methods

We investigated the predictive value of RNT in a sample of 506 patients from an outpatient clinic and postgraduate training center for CBT, all of whom received CBT for various mental health conditions. Of these, 256 (50.6%) presented with depressive disorder, and we repeated our analyses using only this subsample. We assessed content-independent RNT, brooding, and worrying at pre- and post-assessment. General psychopathology and depression were assessed at pre- and post-assessment as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up.

Results

There were significant reductions in general psychopathology and depression between pre-assessment and all subsequent assessments. All forms of RNT showed significant reductions from pre- to post-assessment. These reductions predicted general psychopathology and depression at post-assessment. At follow-up, findings were mixed, with only some forms of RNT being significantly associated with treatment outcome.

Conclusions

Naturalistic CBT reduced general psychopathology and depression, as well as content-independent RNT, rumination, and worrying. Change in all forms of RNT predicted reductions in general psychopathology and depression at post-assessment. This study highlights the relevance of addressing different forms of RNT in therapeutic interventions.
Drivers of Cooperation in Innovation by Energy Firms in Spain
Authors: Costa-Campi M. T. , Duch-Brown N. , Garcia-Quevedo Jose
Published: November 2024

Innovation by energy firms is critical for facing the energy transition and the challenge of climate change. Innovation is a complex process, and firms increasingly resort to cooperation with other companies and institutions in their innovation activities. In the energy sector, suppliers have always played a very important role in the technological advances of this industry. The objective of this paper is to analyse the determinants for engagement in cooperation in innovation by energy firms. In this analysis, we distinguish by the type of partnership, whether suppliers or research organisations (universities and research centres). We consider the factors proposed by the industrial organisation literature and the reasons given for firms to innovate, to explain decisions to cooperate. For the empirical analysis, we use a sample of energy firms from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) for the period 2004–2016. To carry out the estimations we use binary models for panel data. In order to correct for endogeneity of the relevant variables, some of which are binary, we have relied on the panel data version of the special regressor method. Our results show the important role of incoming spillovers and innovation objectives related to reducing the environmental impact and meeting environmental regulatory requirements to explain cooperation in innovation by energy firms.
Radiofrequency balloon ablation: 1-year outcomes of the AURORA study
Authors: My Ilaria , Schmidt Boris , Rottner Laura , Tohoku Shota , Lemoine Marc , Schaack David , Moser Fabian , Urbanek Lukas , Obergassel Julius , Ismaili Djemail , Hirokami Jun , Kirchhof Paulus , Plank Karin , Reissmann Bruno , Ouyang Feifan , Rillig Andreas , Chun Julian , Metzner Andreas , Bordignon Stefano
Published: November 2024

Background

A novel irrigated radiofrequency balloon (RFB) for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) integrated into a 3D mapping platform was recently launched.

Methods

Patients undergoing a first atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation at two German high-volume EP centers were included into the prospective AURORA registry. All patients underwent clinical follow-up (FU) at 90, 180, and 360 days following ablation including 48-h Holter ECGs.

Results

A total of 99 patients were enrolled (43/99 (43.4%) women, median age 67 years (interquartile range [IQR] 59–74), 43/99 (43.4%) persistent AF (Pers-AF), median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 60% (IQR 62–55)). Eighty-eight patients completed the follow-up. Acute PVI was achieved in 383/383 (100%) PV. Single-shot PVI was achieved in 211/383 (55.1%) PVs. Primary adverse events occurred in 3% of patients (1 postprocedural pharyngeal bleeding, 1 myocardial infarction, 1 non-cardiovascular death); no pericardial effusion, stroke, or phrenic nerve paralysis was observed. Median ablation and procedure times were 23 (IQR 18–32) and 67 (IQR 57–85) min, respectively. Median dose area product was 761 (IQR 509–1534) mGycm2. AF-free survival after a median FU of 361 (IQR 261–375) days was 78.4% for paroxysmal AF (PAF) and 75.4% for Pers-AF (p value = 0.828). Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia at the 90-day visit was the only independent predictor for AF recurrence at 1 year upon multiple regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.198; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.036–10.32, p value = 0.0433).

Conclusion

RFB-based PVI is acutely successful, appears safe, and has comparable rhythm outcomes to other single-shot AF ablation tools. A recurrence of AF at 90 days predicts later AF recurrence.

Graphical Abstract
A Tree Representation of Pluri-Gaussian Truncation Rules
Authors: Sektnan Audun , Vázquez Ariel Almendral , Hauge Ragnar , Aarnes Ingrid , Skauvold Jacob , Vevle Markus Lund
Published: November 2024

Stochastic facies models based on truncated Gaussian random fields are known for being flexible and well suited to reproduce patterns and features from analogues or conceptual models. In pluri-Gaussian simulation, the number of random fields is theoretically unlimited, which adds flexibility and makes it possible to model a wider range of geological settings. However, the truncation map traditionally used to set up these models quickly becomes unclear when used for higher dimensions. Hence, in practical pluri-Gaussian applications, the number of fields is typically kept as low as two or three. We present a formulation of pluri-Gaussian simulation in which the truncation rule, the function that maps combinations of Gaussian random field values to facies categories, is represented as a particular binary tree. This is used to decouple the fields in the critical Gibbs sampling step of the conditioning process in such a way that we can use multiple lower-dimensional samples instead of a single higher-dimensional sample. The resulting conditioning algorithm scales excellently with the amount of conditioning data and the number of fields. The algorithm accepts a combination of trends and probabilities in the same model setup, which provides additional flexibility in representing varying depositional geometries. We demonstrate the hierarchical pluri-Gaussian simulation with two practical examples. One is based on real data from the Volve oil field in the North Sea. The other combines a large number of synthetic observations with a truncation tree tailored to a more complex geological concept. The choices made when building the truncation tree affect the features of the realizations, especially when it comes to which facies can be in contact and which can overprint each other. This aspect of tree building is discussed in light of the numerical examples given.
What is reasonable doubt? For philosophical studies special issue on Sosa’s ‘epistemic explanations’
Authors: Mace Lilith , Simion Mona
Published: November 2024

This paper develops and defends novel accounts of accurate and reasonable doubt. We take a cue from Sosa's telic epistemic normative picture to argue that one’s degree of doubt that p is accurate just in case it matches the level of veritic risk involved in believing that p. In turn, on this account, reasonable doubt is doubt that is generated by a properly functioning cognitive capacity with the function of encoding veritic risk.
Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Customer Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic with Organizational Citizenship Behaviour as a Mediator in India’s Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Yanamala Pradeep , Deshpande Amruta
Published: November 2024

Leaders adopting TL (transformational leadership style) are capable in motivating their followers to exhibit the best possible outcomes during tough situations like COVID-19. Doctors and healthcare providers who work tirelessly to create a great balance in the helm of life and death are key players in pharmaceutical industries. Their level of satisfaction not only helps in the enhancement of the productivity of the industry but also gains customers. In order to resolve the tough situation and come up with appropriate solution, an effective TL will be the actual saviour for the pharmaceutical industry. Also, due to the invasion of COVID-19, several companies, leaders and employees were imposed to change. Leading professionals effectively built the bridge between the organizations and the customers. Thus, tracing how TL impacts OCB (organizational citizenship behaviour) and CS (customer satisfaction) is the ultimate focus of the study. In order to carry out this, the present study framed a structured questionnaire; responses were fetched from 400 respondents from the pharmaceutical business. The collected data was analysed using SPSS software and SEM to determine the relationship and the significance of the model. The overall results of the research revealed that there is a positive impact among the constructs. That is, TL has impact on CS which is mediated by OCB. Limitations and further recommendations are also addressed.
Effects of hybrid work on psychological detachment
Authors: Rieder Kerstin
Published: November 2024

After the coronavirus pandemic, hybrid work has become firmly established in many companies. This study investigated the relation of hybrid work and relevant working conditions with the psychological detachment of employees. A written online survey was conducted among 250 employees of a company in the mechanical engineering industry in Germany who worked from home at least part of the time. Multiple hierarchical regression was used for the analysis. The results show that, as expected, the quality of manager-employee communication has a positive (β = 0.13, p < 0.05) and extended work availability a negative effect (β = −0.35, p < 0.001) on psychological detachment. Contrary to the assumptions, however, the proportion of work from home has a positive effect on detachment (β = 0.15, p < 0.05). Regarding the demographic variables, female employees are better able to detach from work (β = −0.36, p < 0.01). The quantitative demands initially show a significant effect, but this disappears as soon as the extended work availability and the proportion of work from home are included in the analysis. The included predictors explain 19% (p < 0.001) of the total variance.

Practical Relevance Hybrid work offers the opportunity to organize work more flexibly and thus to adapt it more closely to the needs of employees. The results of this study show that work from home can foster psychological detachment from work, provided that health-promoting working conditions are in place.
Low-dimensional organic semiconductor crystals for advanced photonics
Authors: Qiu Linqing , Lv Qiang , Wang Xuedong
Published: November 2024

In the domain of information processing, communication technology, and computation, the utilization of photons as vectors for information is a critical innovation. Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are specifically designed to control and transmit light, thereby facilitating the conveyance of data. The recent surge in interest in low-dimensional organic semiconductor crystals is attributed to their unique size-tunable properties and customizable physicochemical characteristics. These features position them as prime candidates for constructing the next generation of high-performance optoelectronic devices. The discourse presented elaborates on the progress in four pivotal areas concerning low-dimensional organic semiconductor crystals: optical generation, optical transportation, optical signal conversion and optical detection. These facets are integral to PICs because they underpin the fundamental mechanisms through which information is transmitted and manipulated via photons. Despite the promising attributes associated with these low-dimensional organic semiconductors, there remain considerable challenges to integrating these materials into the photonic constituents of PICs in a manner that is both effective and scalable. The text culminates with a concise summary and a forward-looking perspective on the potential applications and future development of low-dimensional organic semiconductor crystals within the sphere of advanced photonics. This outlook considers ongoing research and the anticipated breakthroughs that could further enhance the role of these materials in the evolution of photonic technologies.
Testing of Shoreline Erosion Monitoring Methodologies for Heritage at Risk Sites: Pockoy Island, South Carolina, USA
Authors: Gaillard Meg , Luciano Katie , Sundin Gary , Weber Kiersten , Smith Karen Y.
Published: November 2024

We review shoreline monitoring methodologies used by members of the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) Archaeology, Geology, and Wildlife Biology teams from February 2021 to December 2022 on Pockoy Island in Charleston County, South Carolina, USA. Our project objectives were to better understand the driving forces behind the landward movement of the shoreline (transgression), to apply new understanding to the rate of shoreline erosion of the island that directly impacts the Pockoy Island Shell Ring Complex (38CH2533), and to establish best practice for future community science monitoring efforts. Each member of our team used a different shoreline monitoring methodology (a nested methodology approach). Multiple unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived orthoimagery datasets, on-the-ground transect measurements, and Arrow Gold real-time kinematic (RTK) unit measurements have been collected monthly following significant storms or king (perigean) tide events. Moving forward, the erosion transect approach tested within this project will serve as the foundation for community science monitoring at heritage at-risk sites in South Carolina. In this article, we introduce initial efforts in establishing a community science monitoring program in South Carolina that will influence future research, land management, and policy, and we propose how our research might be adapted for other sites at risk.
Landscape Histories and the Search for Early Settlements along Louisiana's Bayous
Authors: Filoromo Steven J. , Dale Emily K. , Jackson Paul D.
Published: November 2024

Historical changes from shifting land use, the natural meandering of waterways, and the aftereffects of erosion complicate modern environments and obfuscate precontact landscapes. Although archaeologists can create stratified sampling models or employ systematic surveys, traditional field methodologies are often not suitable for site discovery, thereby limiting knowledge of ancient cultural landscapes. Many water systems in southern Louisiana, and in many parts of the world, have been covered or concealed in backswamps by natural geomorphological processes, development, or environmental degradation. Investigation standards that do not account for these changes will not be effective at identifying archaeological sites in such transformed landscapes. Discoveries made during ongoing archaeological research in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, provide examples of what can be missed and offer solutions through changes in archaeological field methods. This article advocates for a mixed-methodology approach, drawing from historical research and shallow geophysics to look at landforms and landscape changes. Strictly following state survey guidelines can muddle the archaeological record, particularly in places subject to significant landscape change from historical land-use alteration. By applying these approaches, we offer a way to reconstruct ancient landscapes and landforms that are culturally significant but often missed given the nature of modern environmental conditions.
“The Purloined Letter”: Migrant Disappearances, Systematic Impunity, and States’ Risk Awareness
Authors: Fischer Anna Rahel , Duhaime Bernard
Published: November 2024

The disappearance of migrants, which has reached preoccupying high numbers in recent decades, is related both to the particular vulnerability of migrants traversing dangerous migratory routes and to the high degree of impunity that characterizes investigation and search efforts required. This article argues that the disappearance of migrants at the hands of non-state actors in contexts of systematic impunity and in situations where the state had knowledge or should have had knowledge of a serious risk of such disappearance, but failed to act to prevent it, can be considered to have occurred with the acquiescence of the state. Thus, given that all further elements of the definition of enforced disappearance have been satisfied, this factual situation qualifies as an “enforced disappearance” for the purposes of international human rights law. Key to this demonstration is the concept of knowledge, which is an essential component of acquiescence. This article not only addresses the normative framework of acquiescence and its interpretation by international and regional human rights bodies, including how it relies on the element of state knowledge, but it also examines the extent to which this factor is critical to understanding states’ due diligence obligations to prevent, investigate, and sanction human rights obligations, including disappearances. In order to better understand the factors that should be taken into consideration while assessing a state‘s knowledge of migrant disappearances, including in the context of systematic impunity, it is then suggested to borrow from the international criminal law test related to the concept of “constructive knowledge” and to the doctrine of command responsibility. These considerations should inform a test for assessing whether disappearances of migrants occurring in contexts of systematic impunity can be considered as having been known by the state and as having occurred with its acquiescence and, thus, as constituting “enforced disappearances” under international human rights law.
Investigating the influence and interplay of physical and virtual traits on the user perception of Mixed Reality prototypes
Authors: Cox Christopher , Gopsill James , Snider Chris , Hicks Ben
Published: November 2024

Mixed Reality enables individuals to visualise and interact with artefacts and environments through a combination of physical and virtual assets. It has received increased interest from the design community as a means to accelerate, enrich and enhance prototyping activities. This article concerns MR’s ability to deceive an individual through the combination of virtual and physical assets and their underlying traits (e.g., mass, size), and a user’s cognitive ability to ‘join the dots’. If properly implemented, MR could save time and resources by reducing the required prototype fidelity and the need to fully realise variants. However, there is a gap in understanding how the traits of physical and virtual assets and cognition combine to form reality. This article presents a study investigated the role mass, virtual and physical model size played on users perception of an MR prototype. The relative impact of these factors was determined by varying these parameters and assessing the user’s perceived change. The key finding from this study was that the virtual model size had a far greater influence on prototype perceived by the user. This suggests that the required physical fidelity of an MR prototype can be lower than the virtual. Furthermore, exploring size design variants can be achieved exclusively through changes to the virtual model.
Factors associated with construction apprenticeship completion in the United States
Authors: Srikanth Pranav , Baker Marissa G. , Meischke Hendrika W. , Seixas Noah , Zuidema Christopher
Published: November 2024

The construction industry is experiencing high demand for workers. Apprenticeship programmes are essential pipelines of skilled workers into the construction industry; however, apprenticeship completion rates are only around 25%. To promote apprenticeship retention and increase the number of apprentices, it is necessary to identify factors that relate to cancellation from apprenticeship programmes (i.e., leaving prior to programme completion). Using data from the Registered Apprenticeship Partners Information Database System, we descriptively characterised completion and cancellation, then conducted a time-to-event analysis of n = 335,212 construction apprentices from 2012 to 2023 to examine factors related to cancellation. Among all apprentices, 40.1% cancelled from their apprenticeship programmes, while 24.8% completed and 35.0% were actively registered at the end of the study period. Results from the time-to-event analysis show females had significantly higher odds of cancellation than males (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.15). Compared to White apprentices, American Indian/Alaska Native (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.18), Black/African American (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.44), and multiracial apprentices (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) had significantly higher odds of cancellation, while Asian apprentices had significantly lower odds of cancellation (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.83). Non-unionised workers were significantly more likely to cancel their apprenticeship programmes (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.74, 1.80). These results indicate that individual demographic and organisational factors can influence apprenticeship cancellation. Reducing barriers to apprenticeship completion can help address the current skilled worker shortage, and identifying factors that impact entry into the industry for minoritised groups can promote equity within the industry.
Profiling moral potency dimensions: A person-centered, multi-sample study
Authors: Herttalampi Mari , Riivari Elina , Siltaoja Marjo , Feldt Taru
Published: November 2024

This study explores what kinds of moral potency profiles can be identified among three different samples: Top sports, Leaders, and Followers. Based on the social norm theory, we examine whether and how the experienced strength of ethical organizational culture is associated with the probability to be identified into different moral potency profiles. Based on ratings of 188 top sport representatives, 237 leaders and their 202 followers, a person-centered approach was used to identify three moral potency profiles: morally hesitant, moderate moral potency, and morally confident. A fourth profile was identified based on the followers’ evaluations of their leaders: morally void. Low evaluations of ethical culture increased the likelihood of being classified into the morally hesitant profile. As the followers were somewhat more critical in evaluating their leaders’ moral potency than the leaders themselves, our findings highlight the value of including other-rated indicators when examining moral actions within organizations.
Charting the hybrid architectural style of quantum theory
Authors: French Steven
Published: November 2024

Given how thoroughly the history of quantum physics has been excavated, it might be wondered what these two hefty volumes by a physicist (Duncan) and a historian (Janssen) bring to the table. Aside from their inclusion of a wide range of recent work in this area, including some notable publications by themselves, the answer is twofold: first, as they state explicitly in the preface to the first volume, derivations of the key results are presented ‘at a level that a reader with a command of physics and mathematics comparable to that of an undergraduate in physics should be able to follow without having to take out pencil and paper’ (vol. 1, p. vi). In response to those who might raise Whiggish eyebrows, I shall simply play the ‘you-try-reading-Pascual-Jordan's-groundbreaking-work-in-the-original’ card. As the authors suggest, by using modern notation and streamlining derivations whilst also, they maintain, remaining conceptually faithful to the original sources (ibid.), the book is rendered suitable for classroom use, albeit at the higher undergraduate or graduate levels.
Reinforcement actor-critic learning as a rehearsal in MicroRTS
Authors: Manandhar Shiron , Banerjee Bikramjit
Published: November 2024

Real-time strategy (RTS) games have provided a fertile ground for AI research with notable recent successes based on deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, RL remains a data-hungry approach featuring a high sample complexity. In this paper, we focus on a sample complexity reduction technique called reinforcement learning as a rehearsal (RLaR) and on the RTS game of MicroRTS to formulate and evaluate it. RLaR has been formulated in the context of action-value function based RL before. Here, we formulate it for a different RL framework, called actor-critic RL. We show that on the one hand the actor-critic framework allows RLaR to be much simpler, but on the other hand, it leaves room for a key component of RLaR–a prediction function that relates a learner’s observations with that of its opponent. This function, when leveraged for exploration, accelerates RL as our experiments in MicroRTS show. Further experiments provide evidence that RLaR may reduce actor noise compared to a variant that does not utilize RLaR’s exploration. This study provides the first evaluation of RLaR’s efficacy in a domain with a large strategy space.
Deep Waters: Flooding and the Climate of Suffering in Nigeria
Authors: Agbiboa Daniel E.
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on the everyday emotions of the populations impacted by the 2022 flood in Nigeria by exploring the affectivities embodied in flooding and the unfurlings of political emotions and agency in these dire circumstances. By foregrounding the everyday emotions of flooding, I address a subject that too often is overlooked in political science, too often shunted to the margins of politics. I advance knowledge of the disparate impacts of flooding on the vulnerable and how these survivors are improvising affective ways of negotiating a complex emergency that spared their lives but left them in a state of injury.
Probabilistic Answer Set Programming with Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
Authors: AZZOLINI DAMIANO , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO
Published: November 2024

Probabilistic Answer Set Programming under the credal semantics extends Answer Set Programming with probabilistic facts that represent uncertain information. The probabilistic facts are discrete with Bernoulli distributions. However, several real-world scenarios require a combination of both discrete and continuous random variables. In this paper, we extend the PASP framework to support continuous random variables and propose Hybrid Probabilistic Answer Set Programming. Moreover, we discuss, implement, and assess the performance of two exact algorithms based on projected answer set enumeration and knowledge compilation and two approximate algorithms based on sampling. Empirical results, also in line with known theoretical results, show that exact inference is feasible only for small instances, but knowledge compilation has a huge positive impact on performance. Sampling allows handling larger instances but sometimes requires an increasing amount of memory.
Psychobiologische Einflussfaktoren für den Schweregrad einer Depression bei jungen Mädchen
Authors: Laessle Reinhold
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Depressionen bereits bei Kindern und Jugendlichen kommen häufig vor. Es besteht ein dringender Bedarf zur Aufklärung von Faktoren, die die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Störung beeinflussen. Stress und Stressverarbeitung sind aufgrund der vorliegenden Literatur bedeutsam beteiligt. Ergebnisse: Die psychische Stressbelastung führt zu einer Verstärkung der Depression. Dies gilt auch für die mangelnde Suche nach sozialer Unterstützung und aggressive sowie resignative Stressbewältigungsstrategien. Unabhängig von diesen Faktoren spielt auch die Hyperaktivität der HNA-Achse eine Rolle. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse passen zum kognitiven Modell von Beck, wenn auch die Hyperaktivität der HNA-Achse berücksichtigt wird.
The Impact of High-Quality Interpersonal Relationships on Team Creativity
Authors: Liu Meilin , Zhao Ruonan , Yu Xuan
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Growing attention has been focused on the antecedents of creativity, but enhancing creativity from an interpersonal perspective has been overlooked. Based on social information processing theory, this study aims to investigate the impact of high-quality interpersonal relationships (HQIRs) on team creativity via team learning and explore the boundary condition of clarity of organizational goals. Time-lagged data collected from 306 employees in 66 work teams showed that capacities and subjective experience of HQIRs had positive effects on team creativity and indirect effects on team creativity through team learning. Clarity of organizational goals significantly strengthened the effects of capacities and subjective experiences of HQIRs on team learning. Thus, this study enriches existing literature on team creativity from the interpersonal relationship perspective and provides managers with practical insights on how to properly use the potential positive effects of HQIRs.
The Effect of Job Interview Question Type on Faking and Interviewee Reactions
Authors: Canagasuriam Damian , Roulin Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Structured job interviews are often built around four better question types: behavioral, situational, background, and job knowledge questions. This study provides the first comparative examination of these four question types in terms of interviewee faking and reactions. Prolific respondents ( N = 150) completed an asynchronous video interview comprising eight questions (i.e., two of each type), then rewatched their responses, and reported their faking and reactions. Overall, question type had a small effect on faking and a small–medium effect on reactions. Specifically, situational and job knowledge questions were associated with less faking than behavioral and background questions. Finally, background questions were associated with worse affective, utility, and procedural justice reactions, particularly compared to situational questions.
A New View of Deep Earth’s Carbon Emissions
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: November 2024

Advances in plate tectonics research allow a deeper understanding of how greenhouse gases escape from within the planet.
Sodium Enrichment of Mercury's Subsurface Through Diffusion
Authors: Verkercke S. , Leblanc F. , Chaufray J.‐Y. , Morrissey L. , Sarantos M. , Prem P.
Published: November 2024

Mercury's surface undergoes large temperature gradients between day and night, which repeats periodically over the same longitudes due to its 3:2 spin‐orbit resonance. This effect combined with the orbit's eccentricity, creates hot and cold geographic longitudes. The planet is covered with a highly porous regolith, allowing exospheric atoms to diffuse in depth. By using a 1‐D diffusion model, we studied the subsurface precipitation of gas over the cold and hot longitudes to understand gas retention. This work identifies the cold longitudes as favorable regions to form subsurface reservoirs closer to the surface. Moreover, subsurface reservoirs of adsorbates increase two to three times faster over cold longitudes than over hot longitudes, depending on the surface binding energy distribution of the atoms. We suggest that this result may be related to the observation that Mercury's sodium exosphere persists at later local times over the cold pole.
Correcting Multivariate Biases in Regional Climate Model Boundaries: How Are Synoptic Systems Impacted Over the Australian Region?
Authors: Kim Youngil , Evans Jason P. , Sharma Ashish
Published: November 2024

Synoptic climatology, which connects atmospheric circulation with regional environmental conditions, is pivotal to understanding climate dynamics. While regional climate models (RCMs) can reproduce key mesoscale precipitation patterns, biases related to synoptic circulation from the driving model, typically global climate models (GCMs), often remain unaddressed. This study examines the influence of correcting systematic bias in RCM boundaries on the representation of Australian synoptic systems. We utilize a structural self‐organizing map to evaluate the frequency, persistence, and transitions of daily synoptic systems. Our findings reveal that an RCM with multivariate bias‐corrected boundaries improves the representation of synoptic systems compared to the driving GCM, or an RCM with uncorrected or simply bias‐corrected boundaries, particularly in reference to the frequency of systems identified. This demonstrates that appropriately correcting RCM boundary conditions helps correct many of the circulation errors inherited from the driving GCM but not all.