bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The neural dynamics of competition resolution for language production in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Bourguignon Nicolas J. , Ohashi Hiroki , Nguyen Don , Gracco Vincent L.
Published: December 2017

Previous research suggests a pivotal role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in word selection during tasks of confrontation naming (CN) and verb generation (VG), both of which feature varying degrees of competition between candidate responses. However, discrepancies in prefrontal activity have also been reported between the two tasks, in particular more widespread and intense activation in VG extending into (left) ventrolateral PFC, the functional significance of which remains unclear. We propose that these variations reflect differences in competition resolution processes tied to distinct underlying lexico‐semantic operations: Although CN involves selecting lexical entries out of limited sets of alternatives, VG requires exploration of possible semantic relations not readily evident from the object itself, requiring prefrontal areas previously shown to be recruited in top‐down retrieval of information from lexico‐semantic memory. We tested this hypothesis through combined independent component analysis of functional imaging data and information‐theoretic measurements of variations in selection competition associated with participants’ performance in overt CN and VG tasks. Selection competition during CN engaged the anterior insula and surrounding opercular tissue, while competition during VG recruited additional activity of left ventrolateral PFC. These patterns remained after controlling for participants’ speech onset latencies indicative of possible task differences in mental effort. These findings have implications for understanding the neural–computational dynamics of cognitive control in language production and how it relates to the functional architecture of adaptive behavior.
Distinct clinical and magnetic resonance features of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: A case report of late response after pseudoprogression
Authors: Grierson Patrick , Crites Danielle , Ruzinova Marianna B. , Yano Motoyo , Lim Kian‐Huat
Published: December 2017

There are few effective therapies for unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent data have demonstrated efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in this difficult to treat disease; however, clinical experience is limited. We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma displaying pseudoprogression followed by a late response with novel magnetic resonance imaging features following treatment with the anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 agent pembrolizumab. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:148–151)
Preclinical safety and immunological efficacy of Alternaria alternata polymerized extracts
Authors: Morales María , Gallego María T. , Iraola Victor , Moya Raquel , Santana Soraya , Carnés Jerónimo
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Alternaria alternata is a widespread fungi whose allergy is a risk factor for asthma development. The use of a polymerized allergen extract (allergoid) may be safer than native extract based treatments while maintaining efficacy. The objective of this study was to characterize biochemically and immunochemically a new Alternaria alternata allergoid.

Methods

Characterization of native and allergoid extracts was performed by determination of protein content, protein and allergenic profile, biological potency, identification of Alternaria allergens, and Alt a 1 quantification. Safety was evaluated in toxicological assays (Ames test, limit test, and fish embryo acute toxicity test in zebrafish, and maximum tolerated dose and Dose‐range finding study in rats). Efficacy was evaluated as the capacity to induce IgG antibodies that block IgE‐binding to the allergen and cytokine induction (IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α) in PBMC from atopic donors.

Results

Protein and antigenic profiles showed significant modification of the depigmented allergoid with respect to the native extract, inducing a lower IgE binding capacity. Alt a 1, Alt a 3, Alt a 6, and Alt a 8 allergen sequences were identified in the polymer. No toxicological nor genotoxicity effects were observed. The polymer induced IgG antibodies that blocked human IgE binding epitopes, and it induced higher IL‐10 levels and similar levels of the other cytokines than native extract in PBMC.

Conclusions

This new A. alternata allergoid could be an effective immunotherapy treatment leading to cytokine stimulation and inducing synthesis of IgG antibodies able to block IgE binding to the allergen. In addition, no toxicological effect was observed, and it may be safer than native extract due to its lower IgE binding capacity and cytokine induction that suggest tolerance induction via T cell shift to Treg (IL‐10).
Poly(ε‐caprolactone) and Poly(ω‐pentadecalactone)‐Based Networks with Two‐Way Shape‐Memory Effect through [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Pilate Florence , Stoclet Gregory , Mincheva Rosica , Dubois Philippe , Raquez Jean‐Marie
Published: December 2017

In this work, the synthesis and characterization of triple‐shape and two‐way shape‐memory effect of novel poly(ester‐urethane)s (PURs) made of a poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) (PPDL) segments and N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)cinnamide (BHECA) monomer by reactive extrusion (REx) is reported. PCL and PPDL are chosen as semicrystalline segments because of their inherent ability to undergo tensile elongation upon cooling, as prerequisite for the two‐way shape‐memory effect. BHECA is used as the “cross‐linker” due to its ability to participate in reversible [2+2] cycloaddition reaction and to mainly maintain the crystalline features of semicrystalline precursors within these PURs. This novel simple strategy is considered extremely versatile and adaptive because of the possibility to vary crystallizable segments and coupling agents, thus paving the way to the design of a multitude of triple (or more) shape‐memory polymers with two‐way behavior. Feasibility with PURs containing PCL, PPDL, and BHECA is demonstrated by adjusting the shape‐memory behavior (one and two‐way effects), and studying the structure–property relationships of the resulting PURs by DSC, DMTA, and 2D wide angle X‐ray scattering analyses while varying the weight composition of the two semicrystalline segments.
Optical Microscopy to Study Crystal Nucleation in Polymers Using a Fast Scanning Chip Calorimeter for Precise Control of the Nucleation Pathway
Authors: Androsch René , Di Lorenzo Maria Laura , Schick Christoph
Published: December 2017

Polarized‐light optical microscopy (POM) is applied for investigation of homogeneous crystal nucleation in polymers, using the advantage of precise control of the nucleation pathway by application of fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC). In the first part of this paper, homogeneous crystal nucleation in glassy poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) employing Tammann's two‐stage crystal nuclei‐development method is highlighted. PLLA samples of different nucleation history are prepared in an FSC, and then POM micrographs are studied regarding the effect of time and temperature of annealing the glass on the number of spherulites, which developed in the growth‐stage at higher temperature. The obtained images provide ultimate evidence about the validity of Tammann's approach for obtaining information about the kinetics of homogeneous crystal nucleation using calorimetry, when quantifying the number of nuclei by the enthalpy of crystallization during their growth to crystals in the development stage. In the second part of this study, information about the semicrystalline morphology of samples of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polyamide 66 crystallized at different supercooling using FSC is presented. POM analysis confirms the origin of the frequently observed bimodal temperature‐dependence of the crystallization rate as being caused by different mechanisms of crystal nucleation, resulting in qualitatively different structures.
A silicon strip detector array for energy verification and quality assurance in heavy ion therapy
Authors: Debrot Emily , Newall Matthew , Guatelli Susanna , Petasecca Marco , Matsufuji Naruhiro , Rosenfeld Anatoly B.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The measurement of depth dose profiles for range and energy verification of heavy ion beams is an important aspect of quality assurance procedures for heavy ion therapy facilities. The steep dose gradients in the Bragg peak region of these profiles require the use of detectors with high spatial resolution. The aim of this work is to characterize a one dimensional monolithic silicon detector array called the “serial Dose Magnifying Glass” (sDMG) as an independent ion beam energy and range verification system used for quality assurance conducted for ion beams used in heavy ion therapy.

Methods

The sDMG detector consists of two linear arrays of 128 silicon sensitive volumes each with an effective size of 2mm × 50μm × 100μm fabricated on a p‐type substrate at a pitch of 200 μm along a single axis of detection. The detector was characterized for beam energy and range verification by measuring the response of the detector when irradiated with a 290 MeV/u 12C ion broad beam incident along the single axis of the detector embedded in a PMMA phantom. The energy of the 12C ion beam incident on the detector and the residual energy of an ion beam incident on the phantom was determined from the measured Bragg peak position in the sDMG. Ad hoc Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental setup were also performed to give further insight into the detector response.

Results

The relative response profiles along the single axis measured with the sDMG detector were found to have good agreement between experiment and simulation with the position of the Bragg peak determined to fall within 0.2 mm or 1.1% of the range in the detector for the two cases. The energy of the beam incident on the detector was found to vary less than 1% between experiment and simulation. The beam energy incident on the phantom was determined to be (280.9 ± 0.8) MeV/u from the experimental and (280.9 ± 0.2) MeV/u from the simulated profiles. These values coincide with the expected energy of 281 MeV/u.

Conclusions

The sDMG detector response was studied experimentally and characterized using a Monte Carlo simulation. The sDMG detector was found to accurately determine the 12C beam energy and is suited for fast energy and range verification quality assurance. It is proposed that the sDMG is also applicable for verification of treatment planning systems that rely on particle range.
Copolymer with long chain alkyl group as stabilizer in the preparation of biodegradable polyester particle
Authors: Kashyap Monsum , Das Pranjal P. , Phukan Prodeep , Baruah Shashi D. , Saikia Prakash J.
Published: December 2017

Poly(eicosyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) is synthesized by free radical polymerization of eicosyl methacrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate by using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 80°C. Copolymers of different molecular weights are synthesized and well characterized by different analytical techniques and used as a stabilizer in the preparation of polycaprolactone and polylactic acid particles by solvent evaporation method. The formation of the polymer particles and its morphology with respect to the stabilizer molecular weights, concentration, and reaction time are studied. Well dispersed poly(caprolactone) and poly(lactic acid) particles are formed, which demonstrated the efficiency of the copolymeric stabilizer. Polymer particle sizes and its stability depend on the molecular weights and concentration of the stabilizer. The surface morphology and particle sizes of the prepared particles are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope.
The effect of preparation parameters on performance of polyvinyl alcohol thin‐film composite membrane: Experimental study, modeling, and optimization
Authors: Medhat Bojnourd Fatemeh , Pakizeh Majid
Published: December 2017

To systematically investigate the influence of preparation conditions on pure water permeability (PWP) and solute removal performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin‐film composite (TFC) membrane, fractional factorial design was applied. The considered conditions were related to 3 steps of the TFC preparation, including support membrane preparation, PVA coating, and cross‐linking. The results showed that among the selected factors, polysulfone concentration (polymer of the support membrane), heat curing time (related to cross‐linking condition), and their interaction have the most significant effects on the both permeability and salt rejection. The effects of significant factors interaction on permeability and solute rejection of PVA TFC membrane were discussed. Finally, optimum preparation conditions were calculated by numerical optimization to achieve maximum permeability and solute removal, simultaneously. The prepared membrane at optimum conditions showed PWP of 1.74 L/m2hbar and 96.19% Na2SO4 rejection. It was realized that the prediction of mathematical models at optimum conditions was reliable with absolute average relative error 7.43% and 1.18% for PWP and rejection, respectively.
Nanofold‐decorated surfaces from the electrodeposition of di‐alkyl‐cyclopentadithiophenes
Authors: Szczepanski Caroline R. , Darmanin Thierry , Godeau Guilhem , Guittard Frédéric
Published: December 2017

This work describes the synthesis and subsequent electrodeposition of 4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene (cyclopentadithiophene) monomers di‐substituted with alkyl chains. Each monomer was electropolymerized in solution to observe their capacity at creating well‐structured, rough surfaces. The length of the alkyl chain substituent has a significant influence on the overall surface morphology and wetting behavior after electropolymerization. In the case of nonsubstituted cyclopentadithiophene monomers or those with short alkyl (methyl and ethyl) substituents, the polymerization proceeds readily, forming rough surfaces that follow the Wenzel regime of wetting. In these cases, the surfaces were decorated with globular agglomerates and woven mat features. The measured surface roughness decreases with alkyl chain length as steric hindrance caused by the alkyl substituents limits electropolymerization. As the alkyl chain substituent increases to propyl chain length and beyond, the increase in steric hindrance is so significant that the surface morphology formed during electrodeposition is primarily due to π‐stacking interactions between very short oligomers formed in solution. With propyl and butyl substituents, nanofold morphology is observed, leading to surfaces with much higher contact angles with water (~132°) that follow the Cassie‐Baxter regime of wetting. This type of surface morphology has only been demonstrated one other time and with the use of fluorinated constituents. This work exposes a mild, fluorine‐free synthetic route to creating nanofold‐decorated surfaces.
“Cell adhesion resistant, UV curable, polymer zinc oxide nanocomposite materials for intraocular lens application”
Authors: Syed Hussain Shaik , Donempudi Shailaja , Tammishetti Shekharam , Garikapati Koteswara Rao , Bhadra Manika Pal
Published: December 2017

Foldable acrylic lenses are used for surgical replacement of diseased intraocular lens in treatment of cataract. One of the main postsurgical complications of this treatment method is postcapsular opacification caused by proliferating epithelial cells. The most common approach taken by research community to address this issue has been modification of lens surface with hydrophobic or hydrophilic moieties to manipulate surface cell interaction. In the present study, inherently cell repellent photopolymer resins are presented. Taking advantage of zinc oxide antiproliferative properties, its nanocomposite resins were made and investigated. Hydrophobically modified zinc oxide nanoparticles and poly(phenylethylacrylate‐co‐phenylethyl methacrylate) were made, and their nanocomposite films were prepared by UV polymerization. Films made with 5 wt% ZnO nanoparticles in them resisted fibroblast attachment substantially. In addition, these films filtered harmful UV light and showed other necessary properties like visible light transparency, glass transition temperatures, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility necessary for making intraocular lenses.
Entanglement and Complete Positivity: Relevance and Manifestations in Classical Scalar Wave Optics
Authors: Arvind  , Chaturvedi S. , Mukunda N.
Published: December 2017

Entanglement of states and Complete Positivity of maps are concepts that have achieved physical importance with the recent growth of quantum information science. They are however mathematically relevant whenever tensor products of complex linear (Hilbert) spaces are involved. We present such situations in classical scalar paraxial wave optics where these concepts play a role: propagation characteristics of coherent and partially coherent Gaussian beams; and the definition and separability of the family of Twisted Gaussian Schell Model (TGSM) beams. In the former, the evolution of the width of a projected one‐dimensional beam is shown to be a signature of entanglement in a two‐dimensional amplitude. In the latter, the partial transpose operation is seen to explain key properties of TGSM beams.
Improvement of Channel Mobility of GaN‐MOSFETs With Thermal Treatment for Recess Surface
Authors: Uesugi Kenjiro , Shindome Aya , Kajiwara Yosuke , Yonehara Toshiya , Kato Daimotsu , Hikosaka Toshiki , Kuraguchi Masahiko , Nunoue Shinya
Published: December 2017

In this work, a thermal treatment technique under NH3 ambient for the recess surface of GaN‐MOSFETs is developed. Immediately following the fabrication process of the recess, the bottoms of these structures have rough surfaces and step‐terrace structures cannot be observed because of the plasma‐induced damage. However, clear step‐terrace structures are formed by the thermal treatment, and the RMS values of the surface roughness decrease from 0.26 to 0.14 nm, which is comparable to those of the as‐grown epitaxial film. In addition, it is confirmed that concentrations of impurity atoms introduced during the recess fabrication process are decreased by the thermal treatment. The channel mobility of the GaN‐MOSFETs without the thermal treatment is 118 cm2 Vs−1, whereas that of the device whose fabrication process includes the thermal treatment increased to 149 cm2 Vs−1. These results indicate that the thermal treatment under NH3 ambient is effective for reducing on‐state resistance of GaN‐MOSFETs.
Revised constraints and Belle II sensitivity for visible and invisible axion-like particles
Authors: Dolan Matthew J. , Ferber Torben , Hearty Christopher , Kahlhoefer Felix , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Light pseudoscalars interacting pre-dominantly with Standard Model gauge bosons (so-called axion-like particles or ALPs) occur frequently in extensions of the Standard Model. In this work we review and update existing constraints on ALPs in the keV to GeV mass region from colliders, beam dump experiments and astrophysics. We furthermore provide a detailed calculation of the expected sensitivity of Belle II, which can search for visibly and invisibly decaying ALPs, as well as long-lived ALPs. The Belle II sensitivity is found to be substantially better than previously estimated, covering wide ranges of relevant parameter space. In particular, Belle II can explore an interesting class of dark matter models, in which ALPs mediate the interactions between the Standard Model and dark matter. In these models, the relic abundance can be set via resonant freeze-out, leading to a highly predictive scenario consistent with all existing constraints but testable with single-photon searches at Belle II in the near future.
A boundary integral method with volume-changing objects for ultrasound-triggered margination of microbubbles
Authors: Guckenberger Achim , Gekle Stephan
Published: December 2017

A variety of numerical methods exist for the study of deformable particles in dense suspensions. None of the standard tools, however, currently include volume-changing objects such as oscillating microbubbles in three-dimensional periodic domains. In the first part of this work, we develop a novel method to include such entities based on the boundary integral method. We show that the well-known boundary integral equation must be amended with two additional terms containing the volume flux through the bubble surface. We rigorously prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Our proof contains as a subset the simpler boundary integral equation without volume-changing objects (such as red blood cell or capsule suspensions) which is widely used but for which a formal proof in periodic domains has not been published to date. In the second part, we apply our method to study microbubbles for targeted drug delivery. The ideal drug delivery agent should stay away from the biochemically active vessel walls during circulation. However, upon reaching its target it should attain a near-wall position for efficient drug uptake. Though seemingly contradictory, we show that lipid-coated microbubbles in conjunction with a localized ultrasound pulse possess precisely these two properties. This ultrasound-triggered margination is due to hydrodynamic interactions between the red blood cells and the oscillating lipid-coated microbubbles which alternate between a soft and a stiff state. We find that the effect is very robust, existing even if the duration in the stiff state is more than three times lower than the opposing time in the soft state.
AIDING AND ASSISTING: THE MENTAL ELEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 16 OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION'S ARTICLES ON STATE RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Moynihan Harriet
Published: December 2017

Article 16 of the International Law Commission's Articles on State Responsibility provides that a State that aids or assists another State in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by the recipient State is internationally responsible, where certain conditions are fulfilled. This article clarifies one of those conditions, namely the difficult and contested issue of what degree of knowledge or intent engages the responsibility of an assisting State under Article 16. The article focuses particularly on assistance in armed conflict and counterterrorism situations, which increasingly feature some form of operational or intelligence cooperation between States.
Sward structure and short-term herbage intake inArachis pintoicv. Belmonte subjected to varying intensities of grazing
Authors: Silva G. P. , Fialho C. A. , Carvalho L. R. , Fonseca L. , Carvalho P. C. F. , Bremm C. , Da Silva S. C.
Published: December 2017

The use of forage legumes has been proposed as a means of generating sustainable grazing environments. Their limited use, particularly in tropical pastures, is partially due to the limited knowledge regarding the efficiency of utilization by animals. The present study characterized the sward structure, nutritive value and ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers in pastures of peanut cv. Belmonte under continuous stocking management. Treatments corresponded to sward heights of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm, according to a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The following response variables were evaluated: vertical distribution of the morphological components within the sward, forage mass, nutritive value (simulated grazing), bite rate (BR), bite mass (BM) and short-term herbage intake rate (STIR). The top half of the sward height was mainly composed of leaves and the bottom half mainly of stolon and dead material regardless of management height. Greater values of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were recorded during autumn, while higher values ofin-vitrodry matter (DM) digestibility (0·85) occurred during spring regardless of management height for the grazed stratum. In relation to treatments, greater values of crude protein were recorded on swards managed at 5 cm (0·27) and 10 cm (0·26). Bite rate, BM and STIR varied with sward height, but not with a season of the year. The STIR followed a broken line response to sward height, with increasing values up to 13·1 cm (106 g DM/kg body weight). Sward structure played an important role in determining the STIR. To maximize the STIR of dairy heifers under continuous stocking management, swards should be managed at heights of not <13·1 cm.
Music We'd Like to Hear II: (UN)PREDICTABLE
Authors: Smith Ben
Published: December 2017

Now in its thirteenth season, Music We'd Like to Hear is an established presence in London's new music calendar. And true to form, the second concert in this year's triple bill, named (UN)PREDICTABLE, programmed a host of new works, including the UK premieres of Makiko Nishikaze's trio-stella and Alvin Lucier's Twonings, the world premiere of Paul Newland's things that happen again (again), and Tom Johnson's Predictables, all performed by Mira Benjamin (violin), Anton Lukoszevieze (cello), and Philip Thomas (piano).
X-ray powder diffraction data and characterization of Mirabegron
Authors: Quintana Mendoza Jose H. , Henao J. A. , Aparicio Andrea P. , Romero Bohorquez Arnold R.
Published: December 2017

Mirabegron, (C21H24N4O2S), is a β3-adrenoceptor agonist approved in Japan, the USA, Canada and Europe, for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms. There are no entries for this important active pharmaceutical ingredient in the Cambridge Structural Database or the Powder Diffraction File-4/Organics database. In this contribution, the powder diffraction pattern of Mirabegron, an unreported phase, are presented with a study by spectroscopy methods (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR] and RAMAN) and thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis [TGA]-differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]).
Structure stability and magnetic properties of RIn3−xTx (R = Gd, Pr,T = Co, Fe, Mn)
Authors: Han J. P. , Guo Y. Q.
Published: December 2017

The syntheses and crystal structures and magnetic properties of novel RIn3−xTx (R = Gd，Pr；T = Fe，Co，Mn；x = 0–0.3) intermetallic compounds in rare earth-In-3d transition metal ternary system have been systematically investigated. It reveals that RIn3−xTx crystallizes in cubic AuCu3 type structure with a space group of Pm$\bar 3$m and Z = 1. The 1a and 3c crystal positions are occupied by R and In atoms, respectively. The 3d transition metals substitute partly for In and prefer to occupy the 3c site. The lattice parameters and unit cell volumes decrease with increasing the content of 3d transition metal in RIn3−xTx intermetallic compounds. The magnetic properties of RIn3−xTx are sensitive to T content. With increasing T content, GdIn3−xTx alloys show the paramagnetic, mixture of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior. T doping into RIn3 induces the presence of ferromagnetic phase in GdIn3−xTx, which is totally different from those of the pure binary RIn3.
The Gay Community Response to the Emergence of AIDS in Ireland: Activism, Covert Policy, and the Significance of an “Invisible Minority”
Authors: Nolan Ann
Published: December 2017

The first response to AIDS in Ireland emerged from within a radical, socialist, and predominantly nationalist wing of the gay rights movement in 1985. At a time when homosexual acts were criminalized, the Irish state operated a policy of protracted nonengagement with Gay Health Action, while covertly supporting selected health-promotion activities. As international momentum unified around a response to the AIDS crisis characterized by value-neutral public health principles, the Irish State, and particularly the statutory health sector, was compelled to balance the views of a conservative voting majority at home with the liberal consensus that was defining the response internationally. AIDS was a catalyst for change throughout the world and Gay Health Action was at the forefront of that transformative movement in Ireland. At the outbreak of AIDS, the gay community was an “invisible minority” that by 1990 had pushed the boundaries of sexual health discourse to herald a more liberal age.
Recent changes in populations of Critically EndangeredGypsvultures in India
Authors: PRAKASH VIBHU , GALLIGAN TOBY H. , CHAKRABORTY SOUMYA S. , DAVE RUCHI , KULKARNI MANDAR D. , PRAKASH NIKITA , SHRINGARPURE ROHAN N. , RANADE SACHIN P. , GREEN RHYS E.
Published: December 2017

Populations of the White-rumped VultureGyps bengalensis, Indian VultureG. indicusand Slender-billed VultureG. tenuirostrisdeclined rapidly during the mid-1990s all over their ranges in the Indian subcontinent because of poisoning due to veterinary use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. This paper reports results from the latest in a series of road transect surveys conducted across northern, central, western and north-eastern India since the early 1990s. Results from the seven comparable surveys now available were analysed to estimate recent population trends. Populations of all three species of vulture remained at a low level. The previously rapid decline of White-rumped Vulture has slowed and may have reversed since the ban on veterinary use of diclofenac in India in 2006. A few thousand of this species, possibly up to the low tens of thousands, remained in India in 2015. The population of Indian Vulture continued to decline, though probably at a much slower rate than in the 1990s. This remains the most numerous of the three species in India with about 12,000 individuals in 2015 and a confidence interval ranging from a few thousands to a few tens of thousands. The trend in the rarest species, Slender-billed Vulture, which probably numbers not much more than 1,000 individuals in India, cannot be determined reliably.
On Lipschitz Bijections Between Boolean Functions
Authors: RAO SHRAVAS , SHINKAR IGOR
Published: December 2017

Given two functions f,g : {0,1}n → {0,1}, a mapping ψ : {0,1}n → {0,1}n is said to be a mapping from f to g if it is a bijection and f(z) = g(ψ(z)) for every z ∈ {0,1}n. In this paper we study Lipschitz mappings between Boolean functions.

Our first result gives a construction of a C-Lipschitz mapping from the Majority function to the Dictator function for some universal constant C. On the other hand, there is no n/2-Lipschitz mapping in the other direction, namely from the Dictator function to the Majority function. This answers an open problem posed by Daniel Varga in the paper of Benjamini, Cohen and Shinkar (FOCS 2014 [1]).

We also show a mapping from Dictator to XOR that is 3-local, 2-Lipschitz, and its inverse is O(log(n))-Lipschitz, where by L-local mapping we mean that each output bit of the mapping depends on at most L input bits.

Next, we consider the problem of finding functions such that any mapping between them must have large average stretch, where the average stretch of a mapping φ is defined as

$${\sf avgstretch}(\phi) = {\mathbb E}_{x,i}[{\sf dist}(\phi(x),\phi(x+e_i)].$$

We show that any mapping φ from XOR to Majority must satisfy avgStretch(φ) ≥ c$\sqrt{n}$ for some absolute constant c > 0. In some sense, this gives a ‘function analogue’ to the question of Benjamini, Cohen and Shinkar (FOCS 2014 [1]), who asked whether there exists a set A ⊆ {0,1}n of density 0.5 such that any bijection from {0,1}n−1 to A has large average stretch.

Finally, we show that for a random balanced function f: {0,1}n → {0,1}n, with high probability there is a mapping φ from Dictator to f such that both φ and φ−1 have constant average stretch. In particular, this implies that one cannot obtain lower bounds on average stretch by taking uniformly random functions.
Hidden hunger in South Asia: a review of recent trends and persistent challenges
Authors: Harding Kassandra L , Aguayo Víctor M , Webb Patrick
Published: December 2017

‘Hidden hunger’ is a term used to describe human deficiencies of key vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients. While global in scale, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is particularly high in South Asia despite recent successes in economic growth, agricultural output and health care. The present paper reviews the most recent evidence on patterns and trends of hidden hunger across the region, with a focus on the most significant deficiencies – iodine, Fe, vitamin A and Zn – and interprets these in terms of health and economic consequences. The challenge for South Asian policy makers is to invest in actions that can cost-effectively resolve chronic nutrient gaps facing millions of households. Appropriate solutions are available today, so governments should build on evidence-based successes that combine targeted health system delivery of quality services with carefully designed multisector actions that help promote healthier diets, reduce poverty and ensure social protection simultaneously.
Burnout among psychosocial oncologists in Israel: The direct and indirect effects of job demands and job resources
Authors: Shinan-Altman Shiri , Cohen Miri , Rasmussen Victoria , Turnell Adrienne , Butow Phyllis
Published: December 2017

Objective

Psychosocial oncologists may be particularly vulnerable to burnout. This study aimed to assess burnout among Israeli psychosocial oncologists in relation to the Job Demands-Resources model and the coping strategies model.

Method

Participants included 85 of 128 listed psychosocial oncologists currently working with cancer patients. They completed a questionnaire assessing emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, job demands, job resources, work engagement, overcommitment, and perceived value of work.

Results

The mean level of burnout was low, whereas 16.3% experienced high levels of emotional exhaustion and only 2.4% experienced high levels of depersonalization. According to mediation analysis, overcommitment, partially mediated job demands-burnout associations, and work engagement mediated the perceived value-burnout association. Job resources and burnout were not related, either directly or indirectly.

Significance of results

The study extended the Job Demands-Resources model to include perceived value as an additional resource, and work-engagement and overcommitment as coping strategies. Two distinct patterns of associations were found between work characteristics and burnout: the positive-protective pattern (perceived value and work engagement) and the negative pattern (job demands and overcommitment). These two patterns should be considered for further research and for implementing preventive interventions to reduce burnout in the workplace setting.
Aktuelle Ansätze zur Diagnostik und Psychotherapie depressiver Störungen
Authors: Schramm Elisabeth , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung. Depressive Störungen stellen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung einer der häufigsten und wichtigsten Störungsgruppen dar. Speziell im Bereich der Psychotherapie sind in den letzten 20 Jahren vielfältige Entwicklungen erkennbar. Im Themenschwerpunkt dieses Heftes werden exemplarisch einige dieser Entwicklungen aufgezeigt.
Psychotherapie bei Depressionen im Alter
Authors: Hautzinger Martin
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung. Begründung, Notwendigkeit, Ansatzpunkte, Möglichkeiten, Vielfalt und Nutzen von Psychotherapie mit älteren depressiven Patienten werden dargestellt. Damit soll illustriert werden, welche theoretischen Grundlagen lassen sich nutzen, welche psychotherapeutischen Ansätze gibt es, welche Wirksamkeit darf erwartet werden. Insbesondere die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, die Problemlösetherapie und die Lebensrückblicktherapie zeichnen sich durch klinische Bewährung und empirische Belege für verschiedene Indikationsbereiche psychischer Störungen, insbesondere depressiver Störungen aus. Für die Interpersonelle Psychotherapie sind die empirischen Evidenzen bislang nicht überzeugend. Für psychodynamische Psychotherapie lässt sich wenig konkret sagen und empirische Wirkbelege fehlen. Wir schlussfolgern, dass Psychotherapie bei Altersdepressionen möglich und erfolgreich ist. Alter ist nicht länger eine relevante Variable, um Psychotherapie depressiven Patienten vorzuenthalten.
Experimental repetitive mild traumatic brain injury induces deficits in trabecular bone microarchitecture and strength in mice
Authors: Kesavan Chandrasekhar , Bajwa Nikita M , Watt Heather , Mohan Subburaman
Published: December 2017

To evaluate the long-term consequence of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on bone, mTBI was induced in 10-week-old female C57BL/6J mice using a weight drop model, once per day for 4 consecutive days at different drop heights (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m) and the skeletal phenotype was evaluated at different time points after the impact.In vivomicro-CT (μ-CT) analysis of the tibial metaphysis at 2, 8 and 12 weeks after the impact revealed a 5%–32% reduction in trabecular bone mass. Histomorphometric analyses showed a reduced bone formation rate in the secondary spongiosa of 1.5 m impacted mice at 12 weeks post impact. Apparent modulus (bone strength), was reduced by 30% (P<0.05) at the proximal tibial metaphysis in the 1.5 m drop height group at 2 and 8 weeks post impact.Ex vivoμ-CT analysis of the fifth lumbar vertebra revealed a significant reduction in trabecular bone mass at 12 weeks of age in all three drop height groups. Serum levels of osteocalcin were decreased by 22%, 15%, and 19% in the 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m drop height groups, respectively, at 2 weeks post impact. Serum IGF-I levels were reduced by 18%–32% in mTBI mice compared to contro1 mice at 2 weeks post impact. Serum osteocalcin and IGF-I levels correlated with trabecular BV/TV (r2=0.14 and 0.16,P<0.05). In conclusion, repetitive mTBI exerts significant negative effects on the trabecular bone microarchitecture and bone mechanical properties by influencing osteoblast function via reduced endocrine IGF-I actions.
Competitive annealing mediated isothermal amplification of nucleic acids
Authors: Mao Rui , Qi Lifei , Li Jianjun , Sun Ming , Wang Zhuo , Du Yuguang
Published: December 2017

A novel nucleic acid isothermal amplification method with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity was developed.
Adsorption of gas molecules on a manganese phthalocyanine molecular device and its possibility as a gas sensor
Authors: Zou Dongqing , Zhao Wenkai , Cui Bin , Li Dongmei , Liu Desheng
Published: December 2017

A theoretical investigation of the gas detection performance of manganese(ii) phthalocyanine (MnPc) molecular junctions for six different gases (NO, CO, O2, CO2, NO2, and NH3) is executed through a non-equilibrium Green's function technique in combination with spin density functional theory.
Thermodynamics and performance of the Mg–H–F system for thermochemical energy storage applications
Authors: Tortoza Mariana S. , Humphries Terry D. , Sheppard Drew A. , Paskevicius Mark , Rowles Matthew R. , Sofianos M. Veronica , Aguey-Zinsou Kondo-Francois , Buckley Craig E.
Published: December 2017

Fluorine substitution for hydrogen in MgH2 increases overall thermodynamic stability producing viable materials for thermal energy storage applications.
New electron delocalization tools to describe the aromaticity in porphyrinoids
Authors: Casademont-Reig Irene , Woller Tatiana , Contreras-García Julia , Alonso Mercedes , Torrent-Sucarrat Miquel , Matito Eduard
Published: December 2017

There are several possible pathways in the macrocycle of large porphyrinoids and, among aromaticity indices, only AVminis capable of recognizing the most aromatic one.
Effect of linear and non-linear pseudohalides on the structural and magnetic properties of Co(ii) hexacoordinate single-molecule magnets
Authors: Váhovská L. , Vitushkina S. , Potočňák I. , Trávníček Z. , Herchel R.
Published: December 2017

Field-induced single-molecule magnets based on Co(ii) hexacoordinate complexes comprising pseudohalides are reported.
A ferrocene∩europium assembly showing phototriggered anticancer activity and fluorescent modality imaging
Authors: Qu Jian , Xia Qing , Ji Wei , Jing Su , Zhu Dunru , Li Lin , Huang Ling , An Zhongfu , Xin Chenqi , Ni Yun , Li Mengxue , Jia Jidong , Song Yinglin , Huang Wei
Published: December 2017

A ferrocene∩europium assembly is identified as a 3d–4f phototrigger showing integrated anticancer activity and fluorescent modality imaging in HepG2 cells.
Demonstration of parallel algal processing: production of renewable diesel blendstock and a high-value chemical intermediate
Authors: Knoshaug Eric P. , Mohagheghi Ali , Nagle Nick J. , Stickel Jonathan J. , Dong Tao , Karp Eric M. , Kruger Jacob S. , Brandner David G. , Manker Lorenz P. , Rorrer Nick A. , Hyman Deb A. , Christensen Earl D. , Pienkos Philip T.
Published: December 2017

Demonstration of a novel integrated algal biomass conversion process for fuels and chemicals.
Low energy recycling of ionic liquids via freeze crystallization during cellulose spinning
Authors: Liu Yanrong , Meyer Anne S. , Nie Yi , Zhang Suojiang , Thomsen Kaj
Published: December 2017

An energy saving method of freeze crystallization for recycling ionic liquids was investigated in a cellulose spinning process.
Self-assembly of (boron-dipyrromethane)-diphenylalanine conjugates forming chiral supramolecular materials
Authors: Karikis Kostas , Butkiewicz Aleksandra , Folias Fotios , Charalambidis Georgios , Kokotidou Chrysoula , Charisiadis Asterios , Nikolaou Vasilis , Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Frelek Jadwiga , Mitraki Anna , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: December 2017

The synthesis as well as the reversible self-assembly of a series of BDP-FF conjugates are described. ECD studies revealed the chiral nature of the obtained materials.
Giant magneto–electric coupling in 100 nm thick Co capped by ZnO nanorods
Authors: Vinai Giovanni , Ressel Barbara , Torelli Piero , Loi Federico , Gobaut Benoit , Ciancio Regina , Casarin Barbara , Caretta Antonio , Capasso Luca , Parmigiani Fulvio , Cugini Francesco , Solzi Massimo , Malvestuto Marco , Ciprian Roberta
Published: December 2017

Giant strain-driven magnetoelectric coupling of Co/ZnO nanorods. Under ±2 V, the coercivity is reversibly reduced of a factor 5.
Transition-metal-catalyst-free synthesis of anthranilic acid derivatives by transfer hydrogenative coupling of 2-nitroaryl methanols with alcohols/amines
Authors: Zhang Shudi , Tan Zhenda , Xiong Biao , Jiang Huan Feng , Zhang Min
Published: December 2017

A transition metal catalyst-free synthesis of anthranilic acid derivatives, featuring operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, good functional tolerance, high step efficiency, is presented.
Exploiting exciton coupling of ligand radical intervalence charge transfer transitions to tune NIR absorption
Authors: Clarke Ryan M. , Jeen Tiffany , Rigo Serena , Thompson John R. , Kaake Loren G. , Thomas Fabrice , Storr Tim
Published: December 2017

We detail the rational design of a series of bimetallic bis-ligand radical Ni salen complexes in which the relative orientation of the ligand radical chromophores provides a mechanism to tune the energy of intense intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) bands in the near infrared (NIR) region.
Cell imaging of dopamine receptor using agonist labeling iridium(iii) complex
Authors: Vellaisamy Kasipandi , Li Guodong , Ko Chung-Nga , Zhong Hai-Jing , Fatima Sarwat , Kwan Hiu-Yee , Wong Chun-Yuen , Kwong Wai-Jing , Tan Weihong , Leung Chung-Hang , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: December 2017

A long-lived complex 13 could selectively bind to dopamine receptors (D1R/D2R) and monitor their internalization in living cells.
High-affinity and selective detection of pyrophosphate in water by a resorcinarene salt receptor
Authors: Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Díez Isabel , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Meister Daniel , Feig Andrew I. , Trant John F. , Ras Robin H. A. , Rissanen Kari
Published: December 2017

N-Alkyl ammonium resorcinarenes selectively bind pyrophosphate in pure water with an exceptionally high binding constant of up to 1.60 × 107 M−1, three orders of magnitude higher than ATP.
An ionic liquid based sodium metal-hybrid supercapacitor-battery
Authors: Mendes Tiago C. , Zhou Fengling , Barlow Anders J. , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C. , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: December 2017

N/S co-doped mesoporous carbon cathode paired with Na metal anode in a non-flammable electrolyte results in a sustainable and high-performance supercapacitor-battery.
Expanding Cochlear Implant Criteria: Real World Applications and Outcomes
Authors: Dansie Joseph E. , Cordingley Sarah A. , Brown Brittany
Published: December 2017

This article discusses the evolution, current criteria, expanded/expanding indications, and potential future indications for cochlear implants. Some of these areas of expansion include earlier implantation in pediatrics, electroacoustic stimulation for both adults and pediatrics, cochlear implants for single-sided deafness, significant asymmetric hearing loss, and cases of severe debilitating tinnitus associated with hearing loss.

Note: Some of the discussion in this article is viewed/regarded as off label from the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria. The authors' intent for this article is for it to be a helpful overview in the current trends that are changing in cochlear implants. This article is not indented to be a definitive paper about new trends in cochlear implants.
Improved active and reactive power control for symmetrical bipolar MMC‐HVDC systems during DC side PTG fault
Authors: Hu Kai , Lin Lei , He Zhen , Xu Chen
Published: December 2017

Symmetrical bipolar modular multilevel converter (MMC) combined with two monopolar MMCs has many benefits, such as high voltage and power level and flexible operation modes. However, the active power and reactive power of the MMC stations will reduce to half when direct current (DC) side pole‐to‐ground (PTG) happens, which will cause large disturbance to the alternating current (AC) grid. This study focuses on an improved active and reactive power control method for a symmetrical bipolar MMC‐high‐voltage direct current system during PTG fault. The healthy pole is adjusted to overload mode while the faulty pole switches to STATCOM mode. To maximise the utilisation of the operation region for healthy pole, it is analysed based on multi‐restrictions of transformer capacity, arm current, sub‐module (SM) voltage balance, SM voltage fluctuation and DC line overload capacity. By means of the improved active and reactive power control method, the disturbance to the AC grid is minimised. The feasibility of the proposed control method is verified by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation.
Method of eliminating high frequency resonance of DFIG system connected to weak grid
Authors: Pang Bo , Nian Heng , Xu Guodong , Qiu Jixing
Published: December 2017

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind power generation system may suffer the stability issue due to high frequency resonance (HFR), when operating in a parallel compensated network. In impedance stability theory, the inappropriate phase margin between DFIG system and network impedance at the intersection of amplitude frequency characteristic curves will cause resonance. This study presents a HFR damping controller based on direct resonant control for DFIG system, and the optimisation for the HFR damping controller is studied. The optimised controller is used in the DFIG system including rotor side converter and grid side converter to improve the capability of suppressing HFR. The proposed control strategy can effectively eliminate the HFR and respond rapidly to the wide dynamic changes of resonance frequency