bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organized chronic subdural hematomas treated by large craniotomy with extended membranectomy as the initial treatment
Authors: Balevi Mustafa
Published: October 2017

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and incidence of complications of craniotomy and membranectomy in elderly patients for the treatment of organized chronic subdural hematoma (OCSH). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a series of 28 consecutive patients suffering from OCSH, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computer tomography (CT) to establish the degree of organization and determine the intrahematomal architecture including inner membrane ossification. The indication to perform a primary enlarged craniotomy as initial treatment for nonliquefied OCSH with multilayer loculations was based on the hematoma MRI appearance – mostly hyperintense in both T1- and T2-weighted images with a hypointense web- or net-like structure within the hematoma cavity or inner membrane calcification CT appearance - hyperdense. These cases have been treated by a large craniotomy with extended membranectomy as the initial treatment. However, the technique of a burr hole with closed system drainage for 24–72 h was chosen for cases of nonseptated and mostly liquefied Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH). Results: Between 1998 and 2015, 148 consecutive patients were surgically treated for CSDH at our institution. Of these, 28 patients which have OSDH underwent a large craniotomy with extended membranectomy as the initial treatment. The average age of the patients was 69 (69.4 ± 12.1). Tension pneumocephalus (TP) has occurred in 22.8% of these patients (n = 28). Recurring subdural hemorrhage (RSH) in the operation area has occurred in 11.9% of these patients in the first 24 h. TP with RSH was seen in 4 of 8 TP patients (50%). Large epidural air was seen in one case. Postoperative seizures requiring medical therapy occurred in 25% of our patients. The average stay in the department of neurosurgery was 11 days, ranging from 7 to 28 days. Four patients died within 28 days after surgery; mortality rate was 14.28%. Conclusion: Large craniotomy and extended membrane excision for OSDH still carry a high rate of mortality and morbidity in elderly patients. TP, RSH, and postoperative seizures are frequently seen complications in elderly patients.
The Oscillatory Hyper-Hilbert Transform Associated with Plane Curves
Authors: Li Junfeng , Yu Haixia
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the bounded properties of oscillatory hyper-Hilbert transformalong certain plane curves γ(t),

are studied. For general curves, these operators are bounded in L2() if β ≥ 3α. Their boundedness in Lp() is also obtained, whenever β > 3α and .
Algebraic embeddings of smooth almost complex structures
Authors: Demailly Jean-Pierre , Gaussier Hervé
Published: October 2017

The goal of this work is to prove an embedding theorem for compact almost complex manifolds into complex algebraic varieties. It is shown that every almost complex structure can be realized by the transverse structure to an algebraic distribution on an affine algebraic variety, namely an algebraic subbundle of the tangent bundle. In fact, there even exist universal embedding spaces for this problem, and their dimensions grow quadratically with respect to the dimension of the almost complex manifold to embed. We give precise variation formulas for the induced almost complex structures and study the related versality conditions. At the end, we discuss the original question raised by F. Bogomolov: can one embed every compact complex manifold as a

\mathcal C^\infty

smooth subvariety that is transverse to an algebraic foliation on a complex projective algebraic variety?
The dynamical Manin–Mumford problem for plane polynomial automorphisms
Authors: Dujardin Romain , Favre Charles
Published: October 2017

Let

f

be a polynomial automorphism of the affine plane. In this paper we consider the possibility for it to possess infinitely many periodic points on an algebraic curve

C

. We conjecture that this happens if and only if

f

admits a time-reversal symmetry; in particular the Jacobian Jac

(f)

must be a root of unity.

As a step towards this conjecture, we prove that the Jacobian and all its Galois conjugates lie on the unit circle in the complex plane. Under mild additional assumptions we are able to conclude that indeed Jac

(f)

is a root of unity.

We use these results to show in various cases that any two automorphisms sharing an infinite set of periodic points must have a common iterate, in the spirit of recent results by Baker–DeMarco and Yuan–Zhang.
Ковариантные структурные константы для алгебры деформированных осцилляторов
Authors: Koribut Anatolii Valerievich
Published: October 2017

Получены $sl_2$-ковариантные выражения для структурных констант алгебры деформированных осцилляторов $Aq(2,\nu)$.
Вещественные мероморфные дифференциалы:
язык для описания меронных конфигураций
в планарных магнитных наноэлементах
Authors: Bogatyrev Andrei Borisovich
Published: October 2017

Для описания метастабильных состояний многосвязных плоских ферромагнитных наноэлементов, минимизирующих обменную энергию и не имеющих боковых магнитных зарядов, используется язык вещественных мероморфных дифференциалов из теории поверхностей Клейна. Эти решения все же имеют достаточное количество внутренних степеней свободы, которые можно использовать как параметры Ритца для минимизации других вкладов в общую энергию или как медленные динамические переменные в адиабатическом приближении. Нетривиальная топология самого магнетика приводит к нескольким эффектам, впервые описанным для кольца и наблюдаемым в эксперименте. Объясняются связи между числами топологических особенностей разных видов в магнетике, а также вытекающие из теоремы Абеля ограничения на положения этих особенностей. Использование многозначных дифференциалов Прима приводит к новым меронным конфигурациям, не рассматриваемым в классической работе Гросса.
О конструктивной теории рассеяния
Authors: Shabat Alexey Borisovich
Published: October 2017

Рассматривается задача о факторизации матрицы рассеяния для уравнения Шредингера на вещественной оси. Найдены элементарные блоки факторизации в финитном и нефинитном случаях. Установлена связь с матричной задачей сопряжения. Указана общая схема построения широкого класса матриц рассеяния, допускающих квазирациональную факторизацию.
Пробуждение и скремблинг в процессе голографического нагрева
Authors: Ageev Dmitry Sergeevich , Aref'eva Irina Yaroslavna
Published: October 2017

Методами голографии изучается процесс нагрева в квантовой теории поля. В качестве голографического двойника данного процесса используется поглощение тонкой оболочки безмассовой материи черной браной. Найден явный вид временно́й эволюции квантовой взаимной информации для системы двух интервалов при нагреве от температуры $T_{\mathrm i}$ до температуры $T_{\mathrm f}$ в двумерном пространстве-времени. Определены геометрические характеристики системы, при которых зависимость взаимной информации от времени имеет вид колокола: в начальный момент времени она равна нулю, в некоторый последующий момент времени становится положительной, далее достигает своего максимума и снова уменьшается до нуля. Такое поведение взаимной информации имеет место в процессе фотосинтеза. Показано, что если расстояние $x$ между интервалами меньше $\ln 2/2\pi T_{\mathrm i}$, то эволюция голографической взаимной информации имеет форму колокола лишь при ограниченных сверху и снизу значениях длин интервалов. Для достаточно больших $x$, т. е. при $x>\ln 2/2\pi T_{\mathrm i}$, колоколообразная форма зависимости квантовой взаимной информации от времени присутствует только для достаточно больших интервалов, причем эта зона сужается при повышении $T_{\mathrm i}$ и расширяется при увеличении $T_{\mathrm f}$.
Experimental and Clinical Treatment of Chagas Disease: A Review
Authors: Sales Junior Policarpo Ademar , Molina Israel , Fonseca Murta Silvane Maria , Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Salvador Fernando , Corrêa-Oliveira Rodrigo , Carneiro Cláudia Martins
Published: October 2017

Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that infects a broad range of triatomines and mammalian species, including man. It afflicts 8 million people in Latin America, and its incidence is increasing in nonendemic countries owing to rising international immigration and nonvectorial transmission routes such as blood donation. Since the 1960s, the only drugs available for the clinical treatment of this infection have been benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (NFX). Treatment with these trypanocidal drugs is recommended in both the acute and chronic phases of CD. These drugs have low cure rates mainly during the chronic phase, in addition both drugs present side effects that may result in the interruption of the treatment. Thus, more efficient and better-tolerated new drugs or pharmaceutical formulations containing BZ or NFX are urgently needed. Here, we review the drugs currently used for CD chemotherapy, ongoing clinical assays, and most-promising new experimental drugs. In addition, the mechanism of action of the commercially available drugs, NFX and BZ, the biodistribution of the latter, and the potential for novel formulations of BZ based on nanotechnology are discussed. Taken together, the literature emphasizes the urgent need for new therapies for acute and chronic CD.
Malaria Is More Prevalent Than Iron Deficiency among Anemic Pregnant Women at the First Antenatal Visit in Rural South Kivu
Authors: Bahizire Esto , Tugirimana P. Lundimu , Dramaix Michèle , Zozo Déogratias , Bahati Mugisho , Mwale Andrew , Meuris Sylvain , Donnen Philippe
Published: October 2017

Anemia is common during pregnancy and is associated with poor outcomes. Objectives were not only 1) to determine the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency (ID) but also 2) to identify other factors associated with anemia in pregnant women from South Kivu province, in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Between December 2013 and March 2014, 531 women attending the first antenatal visit in their second trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb) was determined by a portable photometer (Hemocue® Hb201+), and anemia was defined as altitude-adjusted Hb < 110 g/L. ID was defined as serum ferritin < 15 μg/L adjusted for inflammation status (C-reactive protein [CRP] > 5 mg/L and/or α-1-acid glycoprotein > 1 g/L) whereas hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin < 35 g/L. A Giemsa-stained blood smear was used to diagnose malaria. The median age (interquartile range ) was 25.5 (21.1–31.3) years, with anemia in 17.6% and ID in 8%. Malaria was present in 7.5% and hypoalbuminemia among 44%. Soluble transferrin receptor concentration was higher in the presence of inflammation and/or malaria. In the final logistic regression model, factors independently associated with anemia were malaria (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 11.24 (4.98–25.37) P < 0.001), hypoalbuminemia [aOR: 2.14 (1.27–3.59); P = 0.004] and elevated CRP [aOR: 1.94 (1.10–3.45); P = 0.022]. ID was not highly prevalent and not associated with anemia in our population. Effective control of anemia during pregnancy in this region should consider fighting malaria and other infectious diseases in combination with measures to improve women’s nutrition, both before and during pregnancy.
Case Report: Severe Imported Influenza Infections Developed during Travel in Reunion Island
Authors: Allyn Jérôme , Brottet Elise , Antok Emmanuel , Dangers Laurence , Persichini Romain , Coolen-Allou Nathalie , Roquebert Bénédicte , Allou Nicolas , Vandroux David
Published: October 2017

We report two cases of severe influenza infection imported by tourist patients from their country of origin and developed during travel. While studies have reported cases of influenza infections acquired during travel, here we examine two cases of severe influenza infection contracted in the country of origin that led to diagnosis and therapeutic problems in the destination country. No international recommendation exists concerning influenza vaccination before travel, and few countries recommend it for all travelers. Our study suggests that travel should be canceled when infectious signs are observed before departure. Influenza is a very common infection that is often benign, but sometimes very severe. The most severe cases include shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), myocarditis, rhabdomyolysis, and multiple organ failure. Management can require exceptional therapies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A number of studies have focused on influenza infection in travelers. Cases of influenza acquired during travel have been reported in this literature, but no study has examined cases of influenza imported from the country of origin and developed while abroad. The latter situation may lead to 1) diagnostic problems during the nonepidemic season or in places where diagnostic techniques are lacking and 2) therapeutic difficulties resulting from the unavailability of techniques for the management of severe influenza infection in tourist areas. Here, we report two cases of extremely severe influenza infection imported by tourists from their country of origin and developed during travel.
Clinical Epidemiology of Septic Arthritis Caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and Other Bacterial Pathogens in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Teparrukkul Prapit , Nilsakul Jiraphorn , Dunachie Susanna , Limmathurotsakul Direk
Published: October 2017

Septic arthritis is a medical emergency, and if not treated appropriately, it can be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Melioidosis, a serious infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is highly endemic in South and Southeast Asia and northern Australia. We reviewed the medical charts of adult patients admitted with bacterial septic arthritis at Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand from January 2012 to December 2014. Bacterial septic arthritis was defined as one or more hot swollen joints with isolation of a pathogenic organism from an affected joint or from blood. A total of 154 patients with septic arthritis were retrospectively evaluated. The most common causes were B. pseudomallei (48%, N = 74), Streptococcus spp. (29%, N = 44), and Staphylococcus aureus (10%, N = 16). Prevalence of diabetes, bacteremia, and pneumonia was higher in B. pseudomallei septic arthritis than in septic arthritis caused by the other bacteria (all P < 0.01). Seventy three percent (54/74) of patients infected with B. pseudomallei and 69% (55/80) of patients with the other bacteria received effective antimicrobials on the first day of admission (P = 0.60), but in-hospital mortality of the former group was considerably higher (34% versus 14%, P = 0.004). In conclusion, B. pseudomallei septic arthritis is common and associated with high mortality in northeast Thailand. Emergence of Streptococcus arthritis is observed. Difficulty in diagnosing melioidosis and identifying B. pseudomallei in areas where health care workers are not familiar with the disease is discussed. In melioidosis-endemic regions, parenteral ceftazidime could be considered as empirical antimicrobial therapy for patients with septic arthritis and underlying diseases.
Case Report: Fatal Pediatric Melioidosis Despite Optimal Intensive Care
Authors: Young Alice , Tacon Catherine , Smith Simon , Reeves Ben , Wiseman Greg , Hanson Josh
Published: October 2017

With prompt administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and access to modern intensive care support, fatal pediatric melioidosis is very unusual. We describe cases of two children in whom the possibility of melioidosis was recognized relatively early, but who died of the disease, despite receiving optimal supportive care. We discuss the resulting implications for bacterial virulence factors in disease pathogenesis.
Security for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Communications
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: October 2017

This SAE Information Report J2931/7 establishes the security requirements for digital communication between Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and the utility, ESI, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and/or Home Area Network (HAN).
Remix Multilingualism
Authors: Williams Quentin
Published: October 2017

“Remixing multilingualism” is conceptualised in this book as engaging in the linguistic act of using, combining and manipulating multilingual forms. It is about creating new ways of ‘doing’ multilingualism through cultural acts and identities and involving a process that invokes bricolage. This book is an ethnographic study of multilingual remixing achieved by highly multilingual participants in the local Hip Hop culture of Cape Town. In globalised societies today previously marginalized speakers are carving out new and innovating spaces to put on display their voices and identities through the creative use of multilingualism.

This book contributes to the development of new conceptual insights and theoretical developments on multilingualism in the global South by applying the notions of stylization, performance, performativity, entextualisation and enregisterment. This takes place through interviews, performance analysis and interactional analysis, showing how young multilingual speakers’ stage different personae, styles, registers and language varieties.
Artes visuales en Occidente desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Luna Diego
Published: October 2017

Reseña de libro
La creatividad en el diseño: componentes sistémicos ¿Más codiseño, menos enseñanza?
Authors: Quintana Mauro , Vargas Sandra , Valbuena Widman
Published: October 2017

¿Es diseñar una actividad creativa per se? ¿Son los espacios laborales más o menos proclives a la creatividad que los espacios de formación en diseño? Se comparte aquí los resultados parciales del estudio que busca caracterizar la influencia que tiene en el desarrollo de la creatividad, la inmersión en contextos profesionales culturalmente diferenciados, de acuerdo a los componentes sistémicos descritos en los modelos de creatividad propuestos por Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi y Teresa Amabile. Por medio de un proceso de indagación orgánico, que combina técnicas etnográficas superponiendo retroalimentaciones analítico-interpretativos de codificación abierta y ARS para construir hipótesis generativas acudiendo al razonamiento abductivo, se da cuenta de la presencia de componentes sistémicos proclives al desarrollo creativo acompañados de formas de motivación intrínseca y extrínseca, que inhiben o potencian la creatividad, y donde las relaciones sociales constituyentes de los sistemas estudiados se orientan más al cumplimiento que a la creación. La hipótesis general derivada del estudio apunta a la intervención de los componentes socioculturales de los sistemas, planteando el diseño colaborativo (codiseño) como probable método creativo prolífico.
El giro crítico en torno a los sujetos y objetos del arte: Edgardo A. Vigo y Cildo Meireles
Authors: Bugnone Ana , Capasso Verónica
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se analizan algunas obras del artista argentino Edgardo A. Vigo (1928-1997) y del brasileño Cildo Meireles (1948- ), poniéndolos en diálogo como participantes en el giro crítico en el arte de los años sesenta y setenta, en el contexto de las vanguardias artísticas latinoamericanas. Ambos artistas amplían la base de sus cuestionamientos a la cultura, la sociedad y la política –en momentos en que Brasil y Argentina atravesaban dictaduras y sus consecuentes regímenes represivos– a través de formas que apelaban a imaginar, experimentar y significar objetos, acciones y hechos. Para ello, nos centraremos en las Obras (in)completas, (in) conferencia y Señalamiento XI Souvenir del dolor de Vigo y Desvio para o Vermelho: I. Impregnação, Inserções em circuitos ideológicos: Projeto Coca-Cola y Projeto Cédula y Tiradentes – Totem Monumento ao Preso Político de Meireles. Metodológicamente se utiliza la perspectiva cualitativa transdisciplinaria, que articula distintas áreas del conocimiento para reflexionar sobre el arte.
Sir Gowther's Canine Penance: Forms of Animal Asceticism from Cynic Philosophy to Medieval Romance
Authors: Zacher Samantha
Published: October 2017

This article examines the extraordinary penance prescribed to Sir Gowther, which permits him to eat only food that is received from “the mouths of dogs” and forbids him from communicating in human language. There has been much debate as to whether Gowther's canine performance should be understood as symbolic or literal, performed or essential, rehabilitative or punitive. Drawing on previously unexplored analogues from the Perceval/Parzival cycle in which sinful knights undergo comparable canine performances, this article argues that Gowther's penance represents a rehabilitative and curative “technology of the self.” Moreover, it demonstrates that the ultimate inspiration for Gowther's penance derives from the legends of the Cynics, who advocated living life in the manner of dogs and according to the barest possible forms of animal existence. In the final analysis, the tale of Sir Gowther embraces a view of animality that rejects the normative hierarchy God–human–animal, and posits a surprising inversion: God–Christian–animal–sinner.
Gestão democrática do ensino público e o município
Authors: Nardi Elton Luiz
Published: October 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre desafios da materialização da gestão democrática do ensino público no plano político-institucional dos municípios, nomeadamente, no âmbito dos respectivos sistemas de ensino. Enfoca a questão da democracia enquanto processo e o contexto brasileiro, de modo a realçar o lugar da bandeira da democratização da gestão educacional, os principais artefatos legais a ela associados e a emergência do sistema municipal de ensino enquanto instância implicada na promoção da gestão democrática do ensino público. Na esteira desse debate, traz apontamentos sobre a especificidade da ação dos sistemas municipais e sobre tensões e desafios que circundam a adoção de princípios e valores democráticos. Destacando o protagonismo do sistema municipal de ensino no campo da normatização da gestão democrática, conclui que tal movimento encerra complexidade e contradições, numa difícil combinação de resultados que, por um lado, informam avanços, continuísmos e até retrocessos na dinâmica de democratização e, por outro, realçam a centralidade do ingrediente da participação política na constituição de bases político-institucionais verdadeiramente comprometidas com a gestão democrática do ensino público.
La educación básica en México
Authors: Montiel Nicolás Germán
Published: October 2017

La estructura, organización y fines de la Educación Básica (EB) de México han sufrido importantes cambios en los últimos años, mismos que ha liderado el Presidente de la República Mexicana a través de la Secretaria de Educación Pública (SEP) en conjunción con los gobiernos estatales y el Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE), en aras de ofrecer una educación de calidad mediante la cual se forme a las nuevas generaciones de mexicanos(as) por competencias para la vida y el trabajo (saber ser, saber hacer, saber convivir y saber conocer). A través de esta nueva orientación se aspira a que las nuevas generaciones de mexicanos se inserten positivamente en el nuevo entorno socioeconómico y político mundial que se caracteriza por la globalización. Por lo tanto, reflexionar en torno a la descentralización educativa de la EB de México y la forma en que actualmente se encuentra organizada – estructurada, es el objetivo de este trabajo, lo cual permite, deducir los problemas o retos que deben superar los tres órdenes de gobierno y el SNTE si es que realmente se aspira a ofrecer una educación equitativa y de calidad, acorde al nuevo modelo de enseñanza – aprendizaje por competencias
Gestão e qualidade da educação escolar básica: sentidos em construção
Authors: Abdian Graziela Zambão , Costa Nascimento Paulo Henrique
Published: October 2017

Este texto apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica, visando analisar questões históricas e atuais relacionadas à formação, à função e às formas de provimento do diretor de escola e suas implicações na qualidade do ensino da escola pública, questionando transversalmente o papel dos pesquisadores da área e suas formas de estabelecer as relações entre a teoria e a prática. Assim, o texto é dividido em três partes: na primeira, apresentamos os sentidos construídos pela área da gestão educacional sobre os temas em destaque – gestão e qualidade – e identificados em nossos levantamentos e análises da produção do conhecimento; na segunda, propomo-nos a constituir os subsídios teórico-metodológicos que nos têm permitido a aproximação com a escola em novas bases epistemológicas, que são nossos sentidos em construção. Por fim, na terceira parte, relacionamos tais sentidos em construção com o que denominamos sentidos em construção pelas e nas escolas públicas municipais.
Experiencia de construcción de referentes curriculares con incorporación tecnológica para la formación del profesorado de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Flores López William Oswaldo
Published: October 2017

En este artículo se ha presentado la experiencia de construcción de referentes curriculares con incorporación tecnológica para la formación del profesorado en y para la diversidad de América Latina y el Caribe. Fue un estudio cualitativo con un enfoque hermenéutico donde se ha expuesto el contexto, la metodología y el trabajo que posibilitaron la producción de un conjunto de referentes curriculares con la participación de profesores investigadores de las universidades de México, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Perú, Bolivia, Chile y España. Los resultados muestran que los referentes curriculares se centran en la formación de profesores que puedan contribuir a superar las desigualdades económicas, sociales y culturales que inciden en el contexto escolar y en el aprendizaje. Además de contemplar y resaltar el reconocimiento, la acogida y el trabajo con la diversidad, como expresión comunicativa que suprime distancias y permite la creación de productos abiertos e interactivos para poblaciones vulnerables de América Latina y el Caribe.
Producción y calidad de forraje con enmiendas orgánicas en pastura (Brachiaria Brizantha), en la Costa Caribe Sur de Nicaragua
Authors: López García Franklin Ariel , Miranda Jarling Alberto , Calero Borge Wilson Antonio
Published: October 2017

Esta investigación se ha aplicado diferentes alternativas orgánicas para determinar sus efectos en la producción y calidad de forraje en Brachiaria brizantha. En el estudio se evaluaron tres tipos de enmiendas orgánicas (Lombrihumus, Bokashi y EM) en el pasto Brachiaria brizantha, las que fueron comparados con un tratamiento testigo (sin enmienda orgánica). Se empleó un diseño de bloque completamente al azar (BCA), 4 réplicas por tratamiento para un total de 16 parcelas, evaluado en pasturas ya establecidas. La mayor producción de biomasa verde es de 17,325 kg/ha al aplicar lombrihumus, en producción de materia seca el lombrihumus obtuvo el mayor rendimiento (3,383 kg/ha). La mayor longitud de raíces primarias se obtuvo al aplicar lombrihumus (17.25 cm). En la variable relación hoja/tallo los mayores resultados se obtuvieron con Lombrihumus. Con bokashi se obtuvieron los mayores porcentajes de digestibilidad de la materia seca (62%), proteína bruta (9.8%) y cenizas (9.52%). El lombrihumus y bokashi ejercieron los mayores efectos en las variables evaluadas en Brachiaria brizantha. Se recomienda el uso de alternativas orgánicas para optimizar la producción y calidad de la pastura Brachiaria brizantha. Abstract
El secretito del coco
Authors: Petrie Henry A
Published: October 2017

Se expone una leyenda en el marco de la celebración del Mayo Ya, llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Bluefields, Costa Caribe Sur de Nicaragua. Esta leyenda es un aporte a los conocimientos, saberes y prácticas de la cultura Creole.
EMISSÕES DE GASES DO EFEITO ESTUFA DA QUEIMA DE PELLETS DE MADEIRA
Authors: Garcia Dorival Pinheiro , Caraschi José Cláudio , Ventorim Gustavo
Published: October 2017

As previsões indicam crescimento do uso da biomassa florestal como recurso energético nos próximos anos, sobretudo depois dos recentes acordos firmados pela Cúpula do Clima em Paris (COP21), que apontam a necessidade de substituir combustíveis fósseis por fontes renováveis e de baixas emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE). Há poucos estudos relacionando a combustão dos pellets de madeira com os limites dessas emissões estabelecidos para a biomassa florestal. Este estudo comparou as emissões da combustão dos pellets com os limites máximos estabelecidos na Resolução nº 436 do CONAMA. Utilizou-se quatro amostras de pellets de madeira e três biomassas florestais (casca de pinus, cavacos de pinus e serragem de eucalipto). Para a combustão foi utilizado um queimador de biomassa vegetal, com alimentação automática e consumo de 14 kg por hora. As análises das emissões foram realizadas com o analisador eletroquímico Unigas 3000 MKIII, que determinou a composição química dos gases da combustão. Os resultados mostraram que os pellets de madeira têm baixas emissões de CO, NOx e SOx. Assim, conclui-se que as biomassas florestais atendem aos limites de emissões gasosas estabelecidos pela legislação vigente, com exceção da serragem de eucalipto e a casca de pinus.
A desalienação do trabalhador por meio da autogestão: uma análise sob a perspectiva das três mediações de segunda ordem de Mészáros
Authors: Durães Yuri Silveira , Benini Elcio Gustavo , Nemirovsky Gabriel Gualhanone , Oliveira Eziel De
Published: October 2017

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como a autogestão promove a desalienação do trabalhador por meio do trabalho associado. Para orientar o estudo do processo de desalienação, são apresentados os opostos ontológicos de cada uma das mediações sociometabólicas que sustentam a estrutura do capital, segundo a interpretação de Meszáros. A aproximação empírica do objeto de estudo fundamentou se na análise dos microdados do Sistema de Informação em Economia Solidária (SIES) fornecidos pela Secretaria Nacional de Economia Solidária (SENAES). Concluiu-se que, embora ainda seja um processo em andamento, com avanços e retrocessos, o trabalho associado é capaz de conferir ao trabalhador a propriedade do seu trabalho.
Dimensões da Psicologia Social Comunitária diante de questões étnico-raciais
Authors: Da Silva Jefferson Olivatto
Published: October 2017

A questão étnico-racial aponta novos matizes para a práxis psicológica brasileira. O sofrimento psíquico gerado por relações racistas resultou da dinâmica psicossocial de longa duração. Por outro lado, o comportamento social de populações negras avançou na perpetuação de processos simbólicos significativos durante toda a história colonial e republicana. Demonstramos que a concepção de contingenciamento psíquico pode auxiliar a compreender o processo psicossocial relativo a um período de longa duração. Para tanto, o contingenciamento será explicado por meio das dimensões psicológicas anunciadas por Maritza Montero e pela interface das Ciências Sociais. Concluímos que as dimensões psicológicas evidenciam a constituição de um novo olhar sobre o comportamento social de negros brasileiros, que promoveram vínculos identitários em relações cotidianas, por reconhecimento coletivo e afetivo tendo em vista a assimetria social perpetuada na História Social brasileira.
Actitudes hacia la participación ciudadana en personas mayores
Authors: Ahmed-Mohamed Karim
Published: October 2017

La evidencia empírica tradicional ha señalado que las personas de más edad tienen actitudes más refractarias a participar en el ámbito político y social. Sin embargo, es un área de investigación todavía inconclusa, debido a la imposibilidad metodológica que provoca no poder atender simultáneamente los efectos conjuntos de la edad, la generación política de pertenencia y el periodo considerado. Este trabajo sortea esta problemática tratando la edad no como variable continua, sino agrupada y utilizando cinco muestras cuasilongitudinales provenientes de la Encuesta Mundial y de la Encuesta Europea de Valores y del Banco de Datos del CIS, abarcando un periodo de casi treinta años. Los resultados revelan que, cuando se controlan simultáneamente así estos efectos, el ciclo vital no resulta un factor explicativo de las actitudes hacia la participación ciudadana.
Determinantes socioculturales del deseo sexual femenino
Authors: Aina Faus-Bertomeu  , Rosa Gómez-Redondo
Published: October 2017

Se concibe a las mujeres mayores como seres asexuales, donde el cuerpo anciano no puede ser objeto del deseo ni artífice de placer. Sin embargo, no existen investigaciones científicas que asocien los factores biológicos propios del climaterio con el cese de la actividad y el deseo sexual. A partir del análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Sexual, y tomando como marco de referencia el modelo biopsicosocial del interés sexual propuesto por DeLamater (2002), se analizan los factores psicosocioculturales del deseo que afectan a las mujeres en las distintas fases de la menopausia. Los resultados confirman que el deseo sexual está mediatizado por distintos factores en función de la edad, destacando la disposición de una pareja estable, la carga familiar, el estado de salud y la propia definición de sexualidad.
First-Time Sports-Related Concussion Recovery: The Role of Sex, Age, and Sport
Authors: Neidecker John M. , Gealt David B. , Luksch John R. , Weaver Martin D.
Published: October 2017

Background

Concussion is one of the most common injuries in athletes. Current concussion consensus statements propose that female sex may be a modifying factor in concussion management and recovery.

Objective

To determine whether female athletes in middle school and high school with a first-time, sports-related concussion remained symptomatic longer than their male counterparts.

Methods

A retrospective medical record analysis was performed among athletes who sustained a concussion between 2011 and 2013. Inclusion criteria consisted of age between 11 and 18 years and diagnosis of first-time concussion sustained while playing organized sports. Using the documented notes in the medical record, length of time that each athlete was symptomatic from his or her concussion was calculated.

Results

A total of 110 male and 102 female athletes (N=212) met the eligibility criteria for the study. A significant difference was found in the median number of days female athletes remained symptomatic (28 days) when compared with male athletes (11 days) (P<.001). No statistically significant difference was found in symptom duration between age groups. When matched for sex, no statistically significant differences were found in symptom duration between the type of sports played.

Conclusion

Female athletes aged 11 to 18 years with first-time, sports-related concussions remained symptomatic for a longer period when compared with male athletes of similar age, regardless of sport played. The mechanism behind this difference needs to be further elucidated.
A preliminary survey of zoantharian endosymbionts shows high genetic variation over small geographic scales on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan
Authors: Noda Hatsuko , Parkinson John Everett , Yang Sung-Yin , Reimer James Davis
Published: October 2017

Symbiotic dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) shape the responses of their host reef organisms to environmental variability and climate change. To date, the biogeography of Symbiodinium has been investigated primarily through phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 region. Although the marker can approximate species-level diversity, recent work has demonstrated that faster-evolving genes can resolve otherwise hidden species and population lineages, and that this diversity is often distributed over much finer geographical and environmental scales than previously recognized. Here, we use the noncoding region of the chloroplast psbA gene (psbAncr) to examine genetic diversity among clade C Symbiodinium associating with the common reef zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. We identify four closely related Symbiodinium psbAncr lineages including one common generalist and two potential specialists that appear to be associated with particular microhabitats. The sea surface temperature differences that distinguish these habitats are smaller than those usually investigated, suggesting that future biogeographic surveys of Symbiodinium should incorporate fine scale environmental information as well as fine scale molecular data to accurately determine species diversity and their distributions.
Assessment on the coupling effects of drip irrigation and organic fertilization based on entropy weight coefficient model
Authors: Zhong Fenglin , Hou Maomao , He Bizhu , Chen Iouzen
Published: October 2017

Water and fertilizer are two important factors influencing crop growth, development and yield formation. To investigate their combined effects on the soil-plant system, and to find out the optimal water and organic fertilizer coupling strategy for tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL), an experiment was carried out from May to October in 2016 in the south of China. The experiment consisted of three drip irrigation quotas (150, 180, 210 m3/ha) and three organic fertilizer application amounts (2,800, 3,600, 4,400 kg/ha). A water-fertilizer treatment (abbreviated as CK) that is in line with local practice was used for comparison. The tomato marketable yield, sugar/acid ratio (SAR) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), as well as the soil salinity and available nutrient concentrations were measured. The results showed that the marketable yield was highly significantly (p < 0.01) affected by irrigation or fertilization. The SAR of tomato were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by irrigation or/and fertilization. The fertilization had an highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on the concentrations of soil nutrients (N, P, K), while the coupling effect of irrigation and fertilization was not pronounced. According to the multi-index analysis and the computed result by the entropy weight coefficient model, a 180 m3/ha irrigation quota in combination with 4,400 kg/ha organic fertilizer application amount was the optimal water-fertilizer coupling strategy which owned the most satisfactory comprehensive benefits. The marketable yield, SAR and IWUE under this optimal strategy were 122.4 t/ha, 9.2, 32.4 kg/m3, respectively, and by 28.0%, 29.6% and 28.1% higher compared to that under CK.
Exceptional soft tissues preservation in a mummified frog-eating Eocene salamander
Authors: Tissier Jérémy , Rage Jean-Claude , Laurin Michel
Published: October 2017

Fossils are almost always represented by hard tissues but we present here the exceptional case of a three-dimensionally preserved specimen that was ‘mummified’ (likely between 40 and 34 million years ago) in a terrestrial karstic environment. This fossil is the incomplete body of a salamander, Phosphotriton sigei, whose skeleton and external morphology are well preserved, as revealed by phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography. In addition, internal structures composed of soft tissues preserved in three dimensions are now identified: a lung, the spinal cord, a lumbosacral plexus, the digestive tract, muscles and urogenital organs that may be cloacal glands. These are among the oldest known cases of three-dimensional preservation of these organs in vertebrates and shed light on the ecology of this salamander. Indeed, the digestive tract contains remains of a frog, which represents the only known case of an extinct salamander that fed on a frog, an extremely rare type of predation in extant salamanders. These new data improve our scarce knowledge on soft tissue anatomy of early urodeles and should prove useful for future biologists and palaeontologists working on urodele evolutionary biology. We also suggest that the presence of bat guano and carcasses represented a close source of phosphorus, favouring preservation of soft tissues. Bone microanatomy indicates that P. sigei was likely amphibious or terrestrial, and was probably not neotenic.
Vertical Integration and Care Experiences Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries
Authors: Bejarano Geronimo , Ryan Andrew , Trivedi Amal , Meyers David J.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries are increasingly enrolling in integrated MA plans. Legacy-integrated plans share unique features that may differ from newer integrated MA plans. It is unclear whether integrated and legacy-integrated MA plans are associated with a better beneficiary care experience compared with non–legacy-integrated and nonintegrated MA plans.

Objective

To assess whether enrollment in integrated, legacy-integrated, non–legacy-integrated, and nonintegrated MA plans is associated with better beneficiary care experiences.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included MA beneficiaries who responded to Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys conducted annually between 2015 and 2019. Data analysis was performed between October 1, 2023, and July 31, 2024.

Exposure

Medicare Advantage plan integration status, categorized as integrated, legacy-integrated, non–legacy-integrated, and nonintegrated.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The CAHPS surveys assessed 9 care experience measures. To assess differences in care experience measures, mixed linear regression analyses were performed, adjusting for demographic characteristics, plan random effects, and state fixed effects.

Results

The sample consisted of 857 695 respondents. Their mean (SD) age was 72.6 (10.3) years, and 58.1% were women. A total of 12.7% of respondents were Black, 10.7% were Hispanic, and 71.0% were White. Compared with respondents in nonintegrated MA plans, respondents in integrated MA plans were younger (mean [SD] age, 72.7 [10.3] vs 72.2 [10.3] years, respectively) and were less likely to be Black (13.1% vs 11.2%, respectively), female (58.4% vs 57.2%, respectively), and partially dual eligible (8.7% vs 6.2%, respectively). Integrated MA plans were associated with meaningfully better mean ratings only of customer service (1.6 points [95% CI, 1.1-2.1]) and health plan (1.0 points [95% CI, 0.6-1.5]) compared with nonintegrated MA plans. Legacy-integrated MA plans were associated with meaningfully better mean ratings of drug plan (3.7 points [95% CI, 2.4-5.0]), health plan (3.1 points [95% CI, 1.7-4.5]), customer service (2.8 points [95% CI, 1.3-4.4]), getting appointments and care quickly (2.6 points [95% CI, 1.2-4.0]), health care quality (1.9 points [95% CI, 1.0-2.7]), physicians who communicate well (1.1 points [95% CI, 0.4-1.8]), and care coordination (1.1 points [95% CI, 0.4-1.9]) compared with nonintegrated MA plans.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, integrated MA plans were not associated with better beneficiary care experiences compared with nonintegrated MA plans. Legacy-integrated MA plans were associated with higher ratings on all care experience measures compared with both non–legacy-integrated and nonintegrated MA plans. Monitoring of integrated MA plans is needed to assess whether they are adding meaningful value to MA beneficiaries and to determine their effects on the health care system.
Asian American Diversity and Representation in the Health Care Workforce, 2007 to 2022
Authors: Ko Michelle , Dinh Kevin , Iv Sarah , Hahn Monica
Published: October 2024

Importance

Asian American individuals comprise over 40 ethnoracial groups but are regularly aggregated into 1 category within health workforce analysis, thus obscuring substantial inequities in representation.

Objectives

To describe trends in Asian American diversity across the 4 most populous US health professions (physicians, registered nurses, nursing assistants, and home health aides) and to characterize subgroup representation within professions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Serial cross-sectional study from American Community Survey (ACS) population estimates of people reporting health profession occupations from 2007 to 2022. The ACS samples US residents every day, with approximately 3.5 million surveyed each year. Based on their sampling methods, the ACS then produces estimates of the entire US population for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year periods. Data were analyzed from April to August 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

For each year and subgroup, the proportions of the US population, the profession, and Asian American individuals within the profession were calculated. The representation quotient (RQ) of each subgroup was then calculated, defined as the proportion of the subgroup within the profession of interest divided by the proportion of the subgroup within the US population. Trends were examined over the 15-year period.

Results

Over the 15-year period, Indian Americans composed the largest percentage of Asian American physicians (mean [SD], 40.6% [1.6%]), followed by Chinese Americans (mean [SD], 18.9% [1.4%]). Pakistani and Indian Americans had the highest relative representation (mean [SD] RQ, 8.9 [0.9] and 7.8 [0.9], respectively). Conversely, Cambodian and Hmong Americans remained largely underrepresented (mean [SD] RQ, 0.2 [0.2] for both). Filipinx Americans accounted for more than half of Asian American registered nurses and nursing assistants, with high relative representation (mean [SD] RQ, 5.6 (0.3) and 2.9 [0.4], respectively). Bangladeshi and Chinese American relative representation were high among home health aides (mean [SD] RQ, 4.1 [1.5] and 2.7 [0.5], respectively). Asian American individuals accounted for an estimated 22% of physicians (approximately 260 693 respondents), 10% of registered nurses (approximately 420 418 respondents), 4.8% of nursing assistants (approximately 93 913 respondents), and 8.3% of home health aides (approximately 60 968 respondents) in 2022.

Conclusions and Relevance

By examining disaggregated data, this study found persistent inequities among Asian American subgroups in the health workforce. Reducing Asian American populations to a single racialized group erases subgroup differences rooted in histories of racism, colonialism, and xenophobia; enables false narratives of Asian American overrepresentation and success; and hampers progress in advancing health justice.
On the Joining of High‐Strength Dissimilar Inconel 600 and SS316L Materials by Friction Stir Welding with Improved Mechanical Properties and Localized Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Raj Sanjay , Biswas Pankaj , Vadani Malar , Yadav Ajaykumar , Vikrant K. S. N. , Bhowmik Ayan
Published: October 2024

The present work thoroughly investigates the friction stir welding of dissimilar high‐strength materials Inconel 600 (IN600) and SS316L and its effect on welded microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion properties. The microstructure and crystallographic textures of the nugget zone are investigated using the electron backscattered diffraction technique and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the joints are evaluated using hardness and tensile testing and the electrochemical behavior of the joints is also investigated. The microstructural examination reveals a high degree of material plastic flow, both IN600 and SS316L, in the weld zone with uniform distribution of fine M23C6 carbides. The weld zone comprises a dynamically recrystallized fine‐grained structure of γ‐Fe and γ‐Ni that results in improved mechanical properties and high weld efficiency (≈95%) of the joints. The fine microstructure in the weld zone is characterized by a high dislocation density in these low stacking fault materials. The electrochemical results show that the corrosion resistance of the cross‐sectional region is higher than the top surface region and lower than the base IN600. The combined effect of grain refinement, high degree of material intermixing, and distribution of fine carbide precipitates cumulatively is found responsible for the improved corrosion resistance of the nugget zone.