bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incarcerating juveniles in adult prisons as a factor in depression
Authors: Ng Irene Y.H. , Shen Xiaoyi , Sim Helen , Sarri Rosemary C. , Stoffregen Elizabeth , Shook Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2010

Background While existing research has shown higher prevalence of depression among incarcerated youths compared with non‐incarcerated youths, none has studied incarceration as a cause of depression.

Aims/hypothesis This study suggests that incarceration, in particular placement of youths in adult incarceration, is a factor in developing depression.

Method A records based comparison of depression among youths in different types of incarceration with non‐incarcerated youths, controlling for other predictors of depression, namely offence type, family poverty, parents' history of incarceration and demographic profile.

Results Youths in adult placements were significantly more likely to be depressed than youths in juvenile placements and community‐based youths.

Conclusion and implications The findings suggest that there are mental health implications against incarcerating youths in adult prisons, a concern that current juvenile justice might not have considered adequately. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Spin Coupling in Roussin’s Red and Black Salts
Authors: Hopmann Kathrin H. , Noodleman Louis , Ghosh Abhik
Published: July 2010

Although DFT calculations have provided a first‐order electronic‐structural description for Roussin’s red and black salts, a detailed study of spin coupling in these species has yet to be reported. Such an analysis is presented here for the first time, based on broken‐symmetry density functional theory (DFT, chiefly OLYP/STO‐TZP) calculations. Both the Noodleman and Yamaguchi formulas were used to evaluate the Heisenberg coupling constants (J). Three nitrosylated binuclear clusters were studied: [Fe2(NO)2(Et‐HPTB)(O2CPh)]2+ (1; Et‐HPTB=N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis‐(N‐ethyl‐2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐diaminopropane), [Fe(NO)2{Fe(NO)(NS3)}‐S,S'] (2), and Roussin’s red salt anion [Fe2(NO)4(μ‐S)2]2− (3). Although the Heisenberg J for 1 is small (≈102 cm−1), 2 and 3 exhibit J values that are at least an order of magnitude higher (≈103 cm−1), where the J values refer to the following Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian: ℋ︁=JSA⋅SB. For Roussin’s black salt anion, [Fe4(NO)7(μ3‐S)3]− (4), the Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian describing spin coupling between the {FeNO}7 unit (SA=3/2) and the three {Fe(NO)2}9 units (SB=SC=SD=1/2) in [Fe4(NO)7(μ3‐S)3]− was assumed to have the form: ℋ︁=J12(SA⋅SB+SA⋅SC+SA⋅SD)+J22(SB⋅SC+SB⋅SD+SC⋅SD), in which J12 corresponds to the interaction between the apical iron and a basal iron, and J22 refers to that between any two basal iron centers. Although the basal–basal coupling constant J22 was found to be small (≈102 cm−1), the apical–basal coupling constant J12 is some forty times higher (≈4000 cm−1). Thus, the nitrosylated iron–sulfur clusters feature some exceptionally high J values relative to the non‐nitrosylated {2Fe2S} and {4Fe4S} clusters. An analysis of spin‐dependent bonding energies shed light on this curious feature. In essence, the energy difference between the high‐spin (i.e., ferromagnetically coupled iron sites) and low‐spin (i.e., maximum spin coupling) states of Roussin’s salts are indeed rather similar to those of analogous non‐nitrosylated iron–sulfur clusters. However, the individual Fe(NO)x (x=1, 2) site spins are lower in the nitrosylated systems, resulting in a smaller denominator in both the Noodleman and Yamaguchi formulas for J, which in turn translates into the very high J values.
The role of psychological functioning in the use of complementary and alternative methods among disease‐free colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Stein Kevin D. , Kaw Chiewkwei , Crammer Corinne , Gansler Ted
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

The medical and demographic correlates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among cancer survivors have been well documented. However, the role of psychological functioning in cancer survivors' CAM use and the degree to which such factors apply to survivors of colorectal cancer require additional study. In addition, sex differences in CAM use and its correlates among colorectal cancer survivors are not well understood.

METHODS:

By using data from a large‐scale national population‐based study of quality of life and health behaviors among cancer survivors, the authors examined the prevalence and psychological correlates of CAM use among 252 male and 277 female colorectal cancer survivors.

RESULTS:

Use of CAM was more common among women, those with more education, and recipients of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Several psychological factors predicted increased use of CAM among female colorectal cancer survivors, including anxiety, fear of cancer recurrence, fatigue, vigor, anger, mental confusion, and overall emotional distress. Depression was associated with decreased CAM use among female survivors, both for overall CAM use and across several standard CAM domains. In contrast, psychological functioning had little impact on male colorectal cancer survivors' CAM use. The only nonmedical/demographic variable associated with men's use of CAM was fatigue, which predicted use only of biologically based practices, such as diet and nutritional supplements.

CONCLUSIONS:

Psychological functioning has a significant impact on CAM use among female colorectal cancer survivors. Decreased use of CAM among women with depressive symptoms was unexpected and warrants additional investigation. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4397–408. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A mobile spectrophotometer for art conservation
Authors: Wright W. D.
Published: July 2010

This article describes a nonrecording spectrophotometer designed for use as a tool in the restoration and conservation of paintings. A small patch of monochromatic light of any desired wavelength is projected onto the precise area of the painting to be measured and the light reflected from the painting is compared with that reflected from a calibrated working standard. The measuring head of the instrument and a specially designed easel are both provided with alignment controls to bring the monochromatic patch onto the required point of the painting. The instrument itself is mounted on a trolley so that it can be wheeled into position facing the easel. The uses to which the instrument will be put include the measurement of colour changes due to the cleaning, revarmshing, and relining of a painting, and environmental conditions; the identification of the pigments used by the artist; spectral reflectance measurements to assist the conservator with in‐painting a damaged or “lost” area; and tests on new artists' materials including the effect of drying and aging.
The aim and method of the color image scale
Authors: Kobayashi Shigenobu
Published: July 2010

A Color Image Scale was devised by the use of an original color‐projection technique, analysis of variance, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and the semantic differential method. On this scale every color has three attributes: warm or cool, soft or hard, and clear or grayish, which correlate with the notation hue, value, and chroma. The Color Image Scale is useful for describing the similar and contrasting images of colors. The scale also allows the classification and correlation of various objects (shapes, patterns, clothing, foods, etc.) and the study of personal preferences in these and other areas.
Divorce mediation outcome research: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Shaw Lori Anne
Published: July 2010

Results vary across divorce mediation and litigation outcome studies. Because a quantitative review has never been performed on this body of research, the present study conducts a meta‐analysis on this literature. From five studies that met the established inclusion criteria, it was found that mediation produced a grand effect size of 0.36. This small‐to‐moderate effect size reveals that across the included studies mediation is a beneficial alternative to litigation for divorcing couples. Dependent variables measuring process satisfaction, outcome satisfaction, emotional satisfaction, spousal relationship, and understanding children's needs were aggregated across the studies, rendering moderate positive effect size.
An Acetate‐Functionalized Tetranuclear Zirconium Sandwiching Polyoxometalate Complex
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Shu‐Xia , Zhang Chun‐Dan , Tan Rui‐Kang , Ma Feng‐Ji , Li Shu‐Jun , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan
Published: July 2010

The dimeric, zirconium‐sandwiching compound K4H6[Zr4(OH)6(CH3COO)2(α‐PW10O37)2]·23H2O (1) was obtained by the reaction of lacunary [PW11O39]7– and ZrCl4 in a 1 M potassium acetate buffer. It was characterized by elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray crystallography, solution 183W NMR, FTIR, and UV spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). All the studies indicate that compound 1 is stable both in the solid state and in solution. The cyclic voltammograms indicate good electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of nitrite.
Comparison of serum versus plasma collection in gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics
Authors: Dettmer Katja , Almstetter Martin F. , Appel Inka J. , Nürnberger Nadine , Schlamberger Gregor , Gronwald Wolfram , Meyer Heinrich H. D. , Oefner Peter J.
Published: July 2010

Bovine serum, EDTA‐plasma and EDTA‐plasma fortified with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as antioxidant were compared with regard to their suitability for metabolomic studies. Metabolic fingerprints were generated from GC‐TOF‐MS data using the Leco ChromaTOF® software in combination with the in‐house retention time correction and data alignment tool INCA. A total of 6, 9 and 21 significant features with a false discovery rate of <0.05 were identified by INCA upon comparing EDTA‐ versus EDTA‐ASA‐plasma, EDTA‐plasma versus serum and EDTA‐ASA‐plasma versus serum, respectively. To confirm that the observed signal intensities in the GC‐TOF‐MS fingerprints reflected true metabolite abundances, 19 amino acids, glucose and 6 organic acids were quantified by means of GC‐MS using stable‐isotope‐labeled internal standards. As observed with the fingerprints, only the concentrations of lactate and citrate were found to be significantly lower in EDTA‐plasma and serum, respectively, whereas the concentrations of the other metabolites were similar among the three sample types investigated.
Multi‐exon genotyping of SMN gene in spinal muscular atrophy by universal fluorescent PCR and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Chun‐Chi , Chang Jan‐Gowth , Chen Yen‐Ling , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Wu Shou‐Mei
Published: July 2010

In this study, we established the first method for simultaneous evaluation of nine exons in the survival motor neuron (SMN) genes for full‐scale genotyping. This method was used not only to quantify the copy numbers of highly homogenous telomeric SMN (SMN1)/centromeric SMN genes in exons 7 and 8 but also to determine intragenic mutations in all nine exons for complete diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Additionally, we utilized the “universal fluorescent PCR” for simultaneously fluorescent labeling of eleven gene fragments (nine exons in SMN and two internal standards). Such technique is very beneficial for multi‐exon analysis due to only requirement of one universal fluorescent primer which could fluorescently amplify all gene fragments. Of all 262 detected individuals, three subjects possessing different ratios of SMN1/centromeric SMN in the two exons were determined as gene conversion, and we also detected three interesting intragenic mutations (c.1 ‐39A>G, c.22_23insA in exon 1, c.84C>T in exon 2a) which were associated with the SMA patients owning one copy of SMN1 including two mutations never reported previously. This high‐resolved method provided better potential technique for genotyping and identifying SMA, carrier and normal controls in large population.
Modification of heavy metal uptake efficiency by modified chitosan/anionic surfactant systems
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , Ali Hanan Elsharkawy
Published: July 2010

The presence of toxic heavy metals in natural environments entails a potential health hazard for humans. Metal contaminants in these environments are usually tightly bound to colloidal particles and organic matter. On the other hand, the potential of these metals towards chelation by different chelating agents presents a good characteristic for their removal from the environment. On this basis, two chitosan/anionic surfactant complexes were prepared and evaluated for their ability to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The experimental results of the uptake of metal ions including Cu2+, Sn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ are reported in this study. The results show that modified chitosan with short‐spacer group cross‐linkers has a higher potential for heavy metal uptake than long‐chain cross‐linker‐modified chitosan. Also, increasing the electronegativity of the heavy metals increases their uptake from the medium. Increasing the time of exposure of the heavy metals to the modified polymer increases the efficiency of the metal uptake process.
Influence of temperature on growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in diluted olive mill wastewater as culture medium
Authors: Hodaifa Gassan , Martínez Ma Eugenia , Sánchez Sebastián
Published: July 2010

Scenedesmus obliquus can help to reduce the environmental impact of industrial olive mill wastewater from olive oil extraction in the three‐phase system. This work examines the effect of temperature changes (288–308 K) on algal growth, culture medium, and biochemical composition of S. obliquus. The maximum specific growth rate of 0.024 h−1 occurred at an optimal temperature of 302.7 K. The apparent activation energies of cell growth and cell death were determined as 61.8 and 142.8 kJ/mol, respectively. At the end of culture the percentages of pigments, proteins, and carbohydrates were greater at the two ends of the temperature range studied, as it was also observed for the maximum elimination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The mono‐ and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the biomass was greater at the lowest temperature used (288 K).
Incidence of salivary gland cancer in the United States relative to ultraviolet radiation exposure
Authors: Spitz Margaret R. , Sider Joanne G. , Newell Guy R. , Batsakis John G.
Published: July 2010

There is biologic and histogenetic plausibility for an association between salivary gland cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer. To add further credence to this association, a descriptive epidemiologic study of salivary gland cancer incidence data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program from 1973 to 1981 was undertaken. The objective was to determine whether the incidence of this cancer exhibited the inverse association with geographic latitude that is characteristic of skin cancer incidence. The SEER areas were grouped into three regions (north, central, and south), based on indices of ultraviolet radiation. The southern area had significantly higher rates for white males and females compared with the northern area for all histologic subtypes combined (standardized incidence ratios were 1.6 for males and 1.4 for females), as well as for specific histologic subtypes (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and males only with mucoepidermoid carcinoma). However, there were no significant differences in incidence between the central and northern areas. These data provide further evidence of an association between skin and salivary neoplasms, both exhibiting a pattern of incidence suggestive of susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation exposure.
Mixed odontogenic tumors: An analysis of 23 new cases
Authors: Hansen Louis S. , Ficarra Giuseppe
Published: July 2010

The ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, and ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma are mixed odontogenic tumors that are considered to arise from both epithelial and mesenchymal elements of the tooth germ. This article presents the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of 23 new cases. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 19 years (median 9). Most tumors were asymptomatic and were associated with an unerupted tooth or teeth. All patients were treated with simple enucleation of the tumor. We found that histologically these lesions comprise a spectrum. Some were probably benign odontogenic tumors (neoplasms) and others were odontomas undergoing maturation (hamartomas); however, in any given case we were, on histologic grounds, unable to differentiate the two. The majority, if not all, of our cases were nonaggressive with little or no tendency to recur, whereas some reported cases have exhibited local aggressiveness and recurrence, suggestive of neoplasia. In our opinion, it is clinically important to distinguish the mixed odontogenic tumors from ameloblastoma since the mixed tumors, found mostly in children, are relatively benign when compared to ameloblastoma, which is found in all age groups (usually adults). The usually innocuous behavior of these lesions does not justify aggressive treatment initially, and simple enucleation should be appropriate in most cases.
Hurthle cell adenoma of the thyroglossal duct
Authors: Tovi Ferit , Fliss Dan M. , Inbar‐Yanai Nana
Published: July 2010

Neoplasia in thyroglossal duct cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue deposits is rare but well recognized. The first known case of Hurthle cell adenoma in thyroglossal duct anomaly is described. The pathologic course and treatment of Hurthle cell tumors in general is reviewed. Treatment was based on the view that neoplasms in thyroglossal duct remnants represent changes in the ectopic thyroid tissue.
Loss of Repression of HuR Translation by miR‐16 May Be Responsible for the Elevation of HuR in Human Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Fang , Zhang Xiaotian , Lei Yutao , Liu Xinwen , Liu Zhenyun , Tong Tanjun , Wang Wengong
Published: July 2010

Elevated levels of RNA binding protein HuR were found in various human cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying HuR over‐expression in cancers have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that miR‐16 acts as a novel post‐transcriptional regulator for HuR. Knockdown of miR‐16 increased HuR protein levels in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, while over‐expression of pre‐miR16 reduced HuR expression. Neither knockdown nor over‐expression of miR‐16 could alter the mRNA levels of HuR. Instead, knockdown of miR‐16 increased the level of de novo synthesized HuR protein. Importantly, mechanistic studies showed that miR‐16 associated with the 3′UTR of HuR, and knockdown of miR‐16 markedly increased the luciferase activity of a HuR 3′UTR‐containing reporter. We further demonstrate that the level of miR‐16 was inversely correlated with HuR protein level in human breast carcinoma. Together, our results suggest an important role of miR‐16 in regulating HuR translation and link this regulatory pathway to human breast cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 727–734, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive oxygen species are involved in the IFN‐γ‐stimulated production of Th2 chemokines in HaCaT keratinocytes
Authors: Qi Xu‐Feng , Teng Yung‐Chien , Yoon Yang‐Suk , Kim Dong‐Heui , Cai Dong‐Qing , Lee Kyu‐Jae
Published: July 2010

The increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces inflammation in different cell types. However, it is unclear whether ROS play an essential role in the production of thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage‐derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) in keratinocytes. Here, we investigated the function of ROS in the production of these two Th2 chemokines in interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ)‐treated HaCaT keratinocytes. We found that IFN‐γ‐induced production of both chemokines in parallel with the increased generation of intracellular ROS. A ROS scavenger, N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), significantly inhibited the IFN‐γ‐induced production of chemokines as well as the activation of I kappa‐B (IκB)–nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB). Inhibitors of Janus family kinases (JAKs), p38 mitogen‐activated kinase (MAPK), and NF‐κB suppressed IFN‐γ‐induced production of TARC and MDC. NF‐κB activation was inhibited by both inhibitors of JAKs and p38 MAPK. Importantly, IFN‐γ‐stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was significantly suppressed by JAKs inhibitors, but not significantly affected by NAC or L‐buthionine sulfoximine (L‐BSO). However, IFN‐γ‐stimulated activation of IκB and NF‐κB was suppressed by NAC but enhanced by BSO. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK and JAKs did not affect ROS generation in IFN‐γ‐stimulated HaCaT cells. These results indicate that intracellular ROS and JAKs/p38 MAPK both contribute independently to IFN‐γ‐stimulated production of TARC and MDC in HaCaT keratinocytes, by increasing NF‐κB activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 58–65, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding at the PPARγ2 promoter during adipogenesis is protein kinase A‐dependent
Authors: Xiao Hengyi , LeBlanc Scott E. , Wu Qiong , Konda Silvana , Salma Nunciada , Marfella Concetta G.A. , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Imbalzano Anthony N.
Published: July 2010

The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor that specifies formation of the adipocyte lineage. PPARγ also serves as a primary target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, illustrating both its medical relevance as well as the need to understand fundamental aspects of PPARγ expression and function. Here, we characterize molecular changes that occur at the PPARγ2 promoter within the first several hours of adipocyte differentiation in culture. Our results demonstrate that changes in chromatin accessibility at the PPARγ2 promoter and occupancy of the promoter by the c‐Fos transcription factor occur within an hour of the onset of differentiation, followed closely by the binding of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) transcription factor. All three events show a remarkable dependency on protein kinase A (PKA) activity. These results reflect novel requirements for the PKA signaling pathway and reinforce the importance of PKA function during the onset of adipocyte differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 86–93, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peritoneal dialysate effluent during peritonitis induces human cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating the expression of GATA‐4 and Bcl‐2 families
Authors: Wang Hsin‐Hui , Li Ping‐Chun , Huang Hsiao‐Ju , Lee Tzong‐Yann , Lin Ching‐Yuang
Published: July 2010

Cardiovascular event and infection are leading causes of death from peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study examined in vitro cellular mechanism for cardiotoxicity induced by PD‐related peritonitis. Cultured human cardiomyocytes were treated with PD effluent (PDE) during peritonitis (PPDE), and effects of PPDE on cultured cardiomyocytes in terms of apoptosis, with expression its related genes assessed. Results showed PPDE treatment of cardiomyocyte leading to onset of apoptosis, as confirmed by phosphatidylserine exposure plus DNA fragmentation and damage. This apoptosis is mediated by reduced Bcl‐2/Bax and Bcl‐xL/Bax ratios, as well as reduced expression of GATA‐4, an important cardiomyocyte survival factor, at the level of transcription. These changes activated pro‐apoptotic pathways. PPDE treatment also inhibited ERK signals, contributing to cardiotoxicity. Our findings revealed that PPDE contains potent pro‐apoptotic factors that regulate expression of GATA‐4 and Bcl‐2 families, inducing cultured cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This pinpoints a key role of apoptosis in PD‐associated cardiovascular events, along with a potential therapeutic target. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 94–102, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TRPM4 enhances cell proliferation through up‐regulation of the β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Armisén Ricardo , Marcelain Katherine , Simon Felipe , Tapia Julio C. , Toro Jessica , Quest Andrew F.G. , Stutzin Andrés
Published: July 2010

Altered expression of some members of the TRP ion channel superfamily has been associated with the development of pathologies like cancer. In particular, TRPM4 levels are reportedly elevated in diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, prostate, and cervical cancer. However, whether such changes in TRPM4 expression may be relevant to genesis or progression of cancer remains unknown. Here we show that reducing TRPM4 expression decreases proliferation of HeLa cells, a cervical cancer‐derived cell line. In this cell line, constitutive TRPM4 silencing promoted GSK‐3β‐dependent degradation of β‐catenin and reduced β‐catenin/Tcf/Lef‐dependent transcription. Conversely, overexpression of TRPM4 in T‐REx 293 cells (a HEK293‐derived cell line) increased cell proliferation and β‐catenin levels. Our results identify TRPM4 as an important, unanticipated regulator of the β‐catenin pathway, where aberrant signaling is frequently associated with cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 103–109, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adipose tissue‐derived progenitors for engineering osteogenic and vasculogenic grafts
Authors: Scherberich Arnaud , Müller Andreas M. , Schäfer Dirk J. , Banfi Andrea , Martin Ivan
Published: July 2010

The current need for bone grafts in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery cannot be satisfied by autologous tissue transplant due to its limited availability and significant associated morbidity. Tissue engineering approaches could supply sufficient amounts of bone substitutes by exploiting the ability to harvest autologous osteogenic progenitors associated with suitable porous materials. However, the generation of clinically relevant‐sized constructs is critically hampered by limited vascularization, with consequent engraftment and survival only of a thin outer shell, upon in vivo implantation. To overcome this limitation, different non‐mutually exclusive approaches have recently been developed to promote or accelerate graft vascularization, from angiogenic growth factor gene delivery to surgical pre‐vascularization of the construct before implantation. A simple, promising strategy involves the co‐culture of vasculogenic cells to form an intrinsic vascular network inside the graft in vitro, which can rapidly anastomose with the host blood vessels in vivo. Recent data have shown that adipose tissue‐derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) may provide an efficient, convenient, and autologous source for both osteogenic and endothelial cells. When SVF progenitors were cultured in appropriate bioreactor systems and ectopically implanted, a functional vascular network connected to the host was formed concomitantly to bone formation. Future studies should aim at demonstrating that this approach effectively supports survival of scaled up cell‐based bone grafts at an orthotopic site. The procedure should also be adapted to become compatible with an intra‐operative timeline and complemented with the definition of suitable potency markers, to facilitate its development into a simplified, reproducible, and cost‐effective clinical treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 348–353, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poisoning and inhibition of catalytic oxidations: I. The effect of silicone vapour on the gas‐phase oxidations of methane, propene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen over platinum and palladium catalysts
Authors: Gentry Stephen J. , Jones Alan
Published: July 2010

The influence of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) on the catalytic oxidations of methane, propene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been studied. The oxidations of methane and carbon monoxide were studied over platinum wire and platinum and palladium supported on alumina, silica and 13X zeolite. The rates of oxidation both in the absence and presence of HMDS were found to be influenced by the nature of the catalyst support. For carbon monoxide oxidation, the presence of HMDS revealed that three types of oxidation were occurring. These results, taken with those obtained for the oxidation of hydrogen and propene, show that in general the relative importance of the three types of oxidation depends on the nature of the reaction and the catalyst support.
Estimation of biomass within an immobilised cell biocatalyst by means of a luminol assay for haem
Authors: Mason Jeremy R. , Somerville Hugh J. , Pirt S. John
Published: July 2010

An accurate, practically convenient and rapid system has been developed for the estimation of biomass within immobilised cell derivatives, based on the chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol in the presence of haematin catalysts. Less than 1μ biomass can be assayed. It has been demonstrated that the presence of transition metal ions does not give rise to aberrant results. An example is given of its use in the study of biocatalysis.
Shear bond strength and ultrastructural interface analysis of different adhesive systems to bleached dentin
Authors: Ferreira Ernando A. , Souza‐Gabriel Aline E. , Silva‐Sousa Yara T. C. , Sousa‐Neto Manoel D. , Silva Ricardo G.
Published: July 2010

Background: It remains unclear as to whether or not dental bleaching affects the bond strength of dentin/resin restoration. Purpose: To evaluated the bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin submitted to bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) activated by LED‐laser and to assess the adhesive/dentin interfaces by means of SEM. Study design: Sixty fragments of dentin (25 mm2) were included and divided into two groups: bleached and unbleached. HP was applied for 20 s and photoactivated for 45 s. Groups were subdivided according to the adhesive systems (n = 10): (1) two‐steps conventional system (Adper Single Bond), (2) two‐steps self‐etching system (Clearfil standard error (SE) Bond), and (3) one‐step self‐etching system (Prompt L‐Pop). The specimens received the Z250 resin and, after 24 h, were submitted to the bond strength test. Additional 30 dentin fragments (n = 5) received the same surface treatments and were prepared for SEM. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: There was significant strength reduction in bleached group when compared to unbleached group (P < 0.05). Higher bond strength was observed for Prompt. Single Bond and Clearfil presented the smallest values when used in bleached dentin. SEM analysis of the unbleached specimens revealed long tags and uniform hybrid layer for all adhesives. In bleached dentin, Single Bond provided open tubules and with few tags, Clearfil determined the absence of tags and hybrid layer, and Prompt promoted a regular hybrid layer with some tags. Conclusions: Prompt promoted higher shear bond strength, regardless of the bleaching treatment and allowed the formation of a regular and fine hybrid layer with less deep tags, when compared to Single Bond and Clearfil. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aerobic and anaerobic capacities differ in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus that develop on alternate developmental trajectories
Authors: Chennault T. , Podrabsky J.E.
Published: July 2010

Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus have a remarkable tolerance to anoxia during their development, especially during diapause II (DII), but little is known about potential mechanisms by which this tolerance is achieved. This study examined the aerobic and anaerobic capacities of these embryos as they develop along alternate developmental trajectories and in response to altered incubation temperature. Aerobic and anaerobic capacities were estimated by measuring the total activity of the enzymes citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), respectively. Embryos of A. limnaeus exhibit high anaerobic capacity throughout development as evidenced by high LDH/CS ratios, especially during early development through DII. Anaerobic production of lactate is supported by the heart isoform of LDH, even in stages of development that exhibit extreme tolerance of anoxia. CS capacity is extremely low during DII and may indicate an active suppression of mitochondrial metabolism during this stage of dormancy. Post‐DII and “escape” embryos which bypass DII increase their aerobic and anaerobic capacities in tandem as they develop. The activity of both LDH and CS continue to increase for many days after morphological development ceases during DIII. Based on this observation, it is likely that regulation of metabolic dormancy is different in DII and III. Escape embryos seem to develop along a different metabolic trajectory than do embryos that enter diapause. Importantly, these embryos complete development with different enzymatic capacities that could influence physiological and ecological performance during early larval life. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:587–596, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Importing Freud: First‐wave psychoanalysis, interwar social sciences, and the interdisciplinary foundations of an American social theory
Authors: Gitre Edward J. K.
Published: July 2010

For all that has been written about Freud, one of the most significant sites for his initial importation into the U.S. remains largely unexamined: namely, within and through the social sciences. During these early years, social scientists were attracted to psychoanalysis for reasons that were not only personal and idiosyncratic, but also intellectual, social, and professional. Focusing on the University of Chicago's Division of Social Sciences and using oral histories, students records, course materials, as well as published sources, this essay explores this varied attraction and its substantive impact upon American social theory vis‐à‐vis the ideals and ideology of “social adjustment.” © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An alternative approach to amino porphyrins
Authors: Weimin Shi , Qi Shen , Yucheng Wang , Lihong Lan , Jingchao Tao
Published: July 2010

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Modified nitration of tetraphenylporphyrin at para of phenyl with HNO3/Cl3CCOOH and one‐pot nitration of free tetraarylporphyrins to metalized 2‐nitroporphyrin in high yield are described. A novel reducer of Zn/HCOONH4 has been developed for above nitro of porphyrin into amino effectively. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Effect of organic, inorganic, and combined organic and inorganic P fertilization on plant P uptake and soil P pools
Authors: Eichler‐Löbermann Bettina , Köhne Sigrid , Köppen Detloff
Published: July 2010

Phosphorus (P) is a limited resource, and its efficient use is a main task in sustainable agriculture. In a 6‐year field experiment on a loamy‐sand soil poor in P, the effects of organic, inorganic, and combined organic‐inorganic fertilization on crop yield, P uptake into grain, and soil properties (organic matter [OM] content, pH, water‐extractable P [Pw], double lactate–extractable P [Pdl], oxalate‐extractable P [Pox], P‐sorption capacity [PSC], and degree of P saturation [DPS]) were investigated for the maritime climate in northeast Germany. Nine treatments were compared: a control treatment without fertilizer application, two organic fertilizers (cattle manure [CM] and biowaste compost [BC]; applied at a rate of 30 t ha–1 in autumn 1998 and 2001), application of triple‐superphosphate (TSP; applied once a year either in autumn or in spring to evaluate the effects of application date), and combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizations. Several winter and spring crops (oilseed rape, barley, wheat) were cultivated according to good agricultural practice. The 6 year–average yield and P uptake were significantly higher for fertilized plots than for nonfertilized plots. Although the combination of organic × inorganic fertilizers resulted in higher soil P contents, significant yield increases were only found when organic fertilization was combined with TSP in spring. Small effects of P supply on yield in some years indicate that plant‐available soil P (despite of low Pdl values) was sufficient for crop growth. Phosphorus supply affected soil Pdl and Pw more than the parameters measured in the oxalate extract (Pox, PSC, DPS). In general, periodically applied cattle manure and biowaste compost had the same effect on yield, P uptake, and soil P status as annually applied soluble mineral P.
Relationships between soil properties and feeding activity of soil fauna in acid forest soils
Authors: Geissen Violette , Gehrmann Joachim , Genssler Lutz
Published: July 2010

We investigated the relationships between soil chemical properties, humus form, and feeding activity in eight forest sites in Northrhine‐Westphalia, Germany. The study sites varied in forest type (oak, oak‐hornbeam, spruce, and pine). Three study sites were located under the same climatic conditions, and five study sites were distributed all over Northrhine‐Westphalia. We determined humus form, soil chemical properties, and feeding activity in three replication plots per site. We used the bait‐lamina test to determine feeding activity of soil fauna. Independent of forest type, all study sites were very acid with pH(CaCl2) values in the Ah horizon between 2.8 and 4.0. The three study sites located under the same climatic conditions showed very homogenous soil chemical properties (pH in Ah: 2.9–3.0), whereas the five other sites varied significantly due to their soil chemical parameters (pH in Ah: 2.8–4.0). All single sites presented feeding activities with a very low spatial heterogeneity. Forest types and climatic conditions were not related to activity of soil fauna. Feeding activity and thickness of the O layer were strongly negatively correlated, whereas the activity was strongly positively correlated to soil pH in the five study sites with a wide range of soil chemical parameters. The three extremely acid forest sites presented significant differences in feeding activities that were not related to soil chemical properties.
Effect of calcium on cyclamen pedicel elongation
Authors: Tang Shaohong , Shi Weiyong , Wang Hailong , Luo Ancheng
Published: July 2010

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of calcium (Ca) supply on pedicel growth of Cyclamen persicum “Metis” during flower development. When flower buds started to develop, four foliar spray Ca treatments were applied, including Ca0 (no added Ca as control), Ca(NO3)2, CaEDTA, and CaEDTA+H3BO3. Calcium spray treatments significantly reduced the number of short pedicels. There were 62% of the flowers with short pedicels (i.e., flower height lower than the foliar height) in the control treatment (Ca0). Short pedicels accounted for 23%, 12%, and 10% in the Ca(NO3)2‐, CaEDTA‐, and CaEDTA+H3BO3‐treated plants, respectively. CaEDTA was a more effective Ca source than Ca(NO3)2 for improving cyclamen pedicel elongation and increasing flower numbers. Additional boron (B) supply may have enhanced Ca translocation within the plant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that pedicel‐cell structure was severely damaged in the control plants. Pedicel‐cell damage was greatly alleviated in plants treated with Ca(NO3)2. No symptoms of cell damage were found in the CaEDTA‐ and CaEDTA+H3BO3‐treated plants. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDX) analysis confirmed that CaEDTA+H3BO3 and CaEDTA had increased the Ca : O ratios. Therefore, Ca localization in the pedicel cell had a great influence on the pedicel height of cyclamen, and Ca concentration could be a good indicator for undisturbed cyclamen flower development.
Organic acids in root exudates from Picea abies seedlings influenced by mycorrhiza and aluminum
Authors: Eldhuset Toril Drabløs , Swensen Berit , Wickstrøm Torild , Wollebæk Gro
Published: July 2010

Organic acid anions exuded from roots of Picea abies (Norway spruce) seedlings grown on glass beads in the presence and absence of mycorrhiza (Laccaria bicolor) and aluminum (Al) at pH 3.9 were measured. We wanted to test if the roots exuded more organic acid anions when exposed to Al and if mycorrhization influenced the exudation. Oxalate was exuded in far higher amounts than any other organic acid anion, with a maximum rate of 1.7 nmol (mg root DW)–1 d–1. Mycorrhizal roots exuded significantly more oxalate than nonmycorrhizal roots. The presence of Al did not enhance oxalate exudation. We conclude that the oxalate exuded constitutively by Picea abies/Laccaria bicolor may lead to rhizosphere oxalate concentrations that are relevant for Al resistance.
Bodengesellschaften von geomorphen Einheiten unter Berücksichtigung des Gefügestils im Stormarner Jungmoränengebiet (Brandenburger Stadium) in Nordwestdeutschland
Authors: Richter Frank‐Helge , Fleige Heiner , Blume Hans‐Peter , Horn Rainer
Published: July 2010

Als Ergebnis einer intensiven Boden‐ und Substratinventur wurde von einem Ausschnitt einer älteren Jungmoränenlandschaft Schleswig‐Holsteins (Stormarner Jungmoränengebiet, Brandenburger Stadium) die Bodenvergesellschaftung verschiedener geomorpher Einheiten unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Gefügestile (Hang‐, Platten‐, Senkengefüge) analysiert und die Konsequenzen für die Boden‐ und Bodengesellschaftsklassifikation diskutiert. Mittels morphometrischer Analyse des Reliefs wurden fünf geomorphe Einheiten ausgegrenzt: Grundmoränenplatte mit Söllen (I), Glazilimnisches Becken mit Moränenrand (II), Stauchendmoräne (III), Moränen‐Steilhänge an einem Tunneltalrand (IV) und Stauchendmoränen‐Tal mit Steilhängen (V).

Im Untersuchungsgebiet mit intensiver ackerbaulicher Nutzung ist die regelhafte Abfolge von Erosions‐ und Akkumulationsböden aufgrund einseitig gerichteter Kopplungsprozesse (Hanggefüge) typisch. In Abhängigkeit vom Erosionsgrad dominiert die erodierte Parabraunerde bzw. die Rumpf‐Parabraunerde/Kolluvisol‐Bodengesellschaft. Wir empfehlen, die als flächenhaftes Phänomen auftretende Parabraunerde mit anstehendem Bt‐Horizont als Rumpf‐Parabraunerde bereits auf Niveau des Bodensubtyps in der deutschen Bodenklassifikation zu berücksichtigen. Als zusätzliche Endglieder der (Hang‐)Bodengesellschaften treten in Tiefenbereichen Kalkgleye, (sedimentdurchsetzte) Niedermoore und subhydrische Böden auf. Innerhalb der Grundmoränenplatte hat durch (historische) Bodenerosion, belegt durch den hohen Flächenanteil der Kolluvisole von 20 %, ein Reliefausgleich stattgefunden, so dass ein Plattengefüge ohne wesentliche laterale Stofftransporte vorliegt. Die Steilhänge des Tunnel‐ und Stauchendmoränen‐Tals weisen neben Rumpf‐Parabraunerden stellenweise bereits Pararendzinen auf, was auf ein hohes Erosionspotential (Erosionsrate geomorphe Einheit IV: 13 t ha–1 a–1) hinweist. In den von Bächen durchflossenen Tiefenbereichen ist es seit dem Mittelalter zu einer zusätzlichen Vermoorung durch Mühlenstaue gekommen.
Mixing Properties and Central Limit Theorem for a Class of Non‐Identical Piecewise Monotonic C2 — Transformations
Authors: Heinrich Lothar
Published: July 2010

For a sequence T(1), T(2),…of piecewise monotonic C2 ‐ transformations of the unit interval I onto itself, we prove exponential ψ‐ mixing, an almost Markov property and other higher‐order mixing properties. Furthermore, we obtain optimal rates of convergence in the central limit Theorem and large deviation relations for the sequence fk oT(k−1)o…oT(1), k=1, 2, …, provided that the real‐valued functions f1, f2,…on I are of bounded variation and the corresponding probability measure on I possesses a positive, Lipschitz‐continuous Lebesgue density.
The G‐Ellipticity for the Sub‐Laplacian on Two Step Stratified Lie Groups
Authors: Jiang Yaping
Published: July 2010

This paper reveals that the sub‐Laplacian L0 on two step stratified Lie groups has a similar behavior like elliptic operators on the Euclidean space, that is, the sub ‐ Laplacian satisfies a group‐elliptic estimate, called the G‐ elliptic estimate (or the Lp regularity), and the general left Invariant operator Lλ has such a behavior if and only if λ is admissible.
Simultaneous Approximation by Polynomial Projection Operators
Authors: Xie T. F. , Zhou S. P.
Published: July 2010

Pointwise estimates are obtained for simultaneous approximation of a function f and its derivatives by means of an arbitrary sequence of bounded projection operators with some extra condition (1.3) (we do not require the operators to be linear) which map C[‐1,1] into polynomials of degree n, augmented by the interpolation of f at some points near ±1. The present result essentially improved those in [BaKi3], and several applications are discussed in Section 4.
Morrey Spaces on Spaces of Homogeneous Type and Estimates for □b and the Cauchy‐Szegö Projection
Authors: Arai Hitoshi , Mizuhara Takahiro
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we define an appropriate version of Morrey spaces for spaces of homogeneous type. As our main result, we give a sufficient condition for an operator to be bounded on the version of Morrey spaces (cf. Theorem 3.1 and Corollary 3.5). Moreover, using thin result, we prove Morrey space estimates for various operators arising in harmonic analysis and complex analysis of several variables.
Perturbations of Banach Frames and Atomic Decompositions
Authors: Christensen Oel , Heil Christopher
Published: July 2010

Banach frames and atomic decompositions are sequences that have basis‐like properties but which need not be bases. In particular, they allow elements of a Banach space to be written as linear combinations of the frame or atomic decomposition elements in a stable manner. In this paper we prove several functional — analytic properties of these decompositions, and show how these properties apply to Gabor and wavelet systems. We first prove that frames and atomic decompositions are stable under small perturbations. This is inspired by corresponding classical perturbation results for bases, including the Paley — Wiener basis stability criteria and the perturbation theorem el kato. We introduce new and weaker conditions which ensure the desired stability. We then prove quality properties of atomic decompositions and consider some consequences for Hilbert frames. Finally, we demonstrate how our results apply in the practical case of Gabor systems in weighted L2 spaces. Such systems can form atomic decompositions for L2w(IR), but cannot form Hilbert frames but L2w(IR) unless the weight is trivial.
Polynomials Annihilating the Witt Ring
Authors: Ongenae Veerle , Van Geel Jan
Published: July 2010

Let F be a non‐formally real field of characteristic not 2 and let W(F) be the Witt ring of F. In certain cases generators for the annihilator ideal
equation image
are determined. Aim the primary decomposition of A(F) is given. For formally d fields F, as an analogue the primary decomposition of At(F) = {f(X) ∈ Z[X]| f(ω) = 0 for all ω ∈ Wt(F)}, where Wt(F) is the torsion part of the Witt group, is obtained.
Fractional Differentiation in the Self‐Affine Case. V ‐ The Local Degree of Differentiability
Authors: Zähle M.
Published: July 2010

Concepts of fractional differentiation are presented whose origins lie in fractal geometry. The aim of the paper is to show their close relationship to classical fractional calculus in the theory of function spaces.
On the Asymptotic Expansion of Hadamard Products
Authors: Sauer Andreas
Published: July 2010

We consider functions f and g which are holomoxphic on closed sectors in C where they admit an asymptotic representation at ∞ in the form of power series in z‐1. We give a simple geometrical condition under which the Hadamard product f*g of f and g porsesses again an asymp totic expansion at ∞. It turns out that the asymptotic expansion of f*g is essentially the formal Hsdamd product of the asymptotic expansions of f and g. Our result yields a slight generaliestion of a well known theorem of W. B. Ford.